bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The order of things
Authors: McKenzie Ross H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
‘The order of things’ describes how distinct states of matter are associated with distinct types of ordering, such as the regular pattern of atoms in the material. The change in symmetry between different states of matter can be quantified in terms of an ‘order parameter’. Determining the relevant symmetry and order parameter for a state of matter often takes decades as it requires significant scientific insight. Lev Landau proposed a general theory to describe the amount of ordering present in any material that undergoes a phase transition to a distinct state of matter. The associated concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking is central to condensed matter physics and to the theory of elementary particles and fundamental forces. The concept was the basis for the prediction of the existence of the Higgs boson. There is a rigidity associated with the type of order in a state of matter, whether a crystal or a superconductor. This rigidity determines the type of deviations from perfect order that are possible. Examples of topological defects include dislocations in crystals and vortices in superconductors and superfluids.
Topology matters
Authors: McKenzie Ross H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
‘Topology matters’ in condensed matter physics because topology provides a means to describe the unusual types of order found in some states of matter in which there is no symmetry breaking. Topology is the field of mathematics that describes the properties of geometric objects that do not change when smoothly deformed. The Hall effect is the existence of a new type of electrical resistance in a conductor caused by an electric current moving in a different direction to that of an external magnetic field. In a two-dimensional metal (Flatland) in a large magnetic field, the Hall resistance is quantized in units defined by fundamental constants. This is a macroscopic quantum effect and provides a means to make precise measurements of electrical resistance. This quantum Hall effect is now used in metrology, being the basis for the international standard for the ohm, the unit of electrical resistance. Topology helps explain why the Hall resistance is so precisely quantized and is independent of so many details such as the chemical composition of the material in which the electrons move. Duncan Haldane showed that topology is also key to understanding the unusual properties of chains of magnetic atoms. They exhibit new states of matter that are quite distinct from those found in three-dimensional magnets. Haldane also laid the foundation for proposals of topological insulators, a state of matter which is an electrical conductor on its surfaces, but an insulator in its interior.
Mathematical Analysis: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Earl Richard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The 17th-century calculus of Newton and Leibniz was built on shaky foundations, and it wasn’t until the 18th and 19th centuries that mathematicians—especially Bolzano, Cauchy, and Weierstrass—began to establish a rigorous basis for the subject. The resulting discipline is now known to mathematicians as analysis. Mathematical Analysis: A Very Short Introduction, aimed at readers with some grounding in mathematics, describes the nascent evolution of mathematical analysis, its development as a subject in its own right, and its wide-ranging applications in mathematics and science, modelling reality from acoustics to fluid dynamics, from biological systems to quantum theory. Many questions of applied analysis are easy to ask: what is the largest area that can be enclosed with a length of rope? Why is the shortest distance between two points a line? Can one hear the shape of a drum? Some of these answers weren’t resolved until the late 20th century.
Should I believe my computer?
Authors: Earl Richard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Scientists use mathematics in much of their work, but the theories of an ideal mathematical world cannot immediately be brought to bear on the real one. A sense of reality can only be achieved via experimentation, but how does a scientist move from a collection of experimental data to wholly defined functions? A likely further problem is that—once posed—a real-world problem won’t have an exact answer. How do scientists and mathematicians gain approximate answers? These are topics within ‘numerical analysis’, the theme of ‘Should I believe my computer?’ This question highlights that an algorithm may find an approximate answer by running for thousands of steps; given the problems of rounding errors, how much should we believe a computer’s answer?
The trade in wildlife
Authors: Macdonald David W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the challenge of wildlife trade in biodiversity conservation. Reducing the undesirable aspects of the wildlife trade boils down to reducing their unsustainable supply or demand. That an aspect of wildlife trade is legal does not guarantee that it is sustainable, nor sufficiently safeguards animals’ welfare. The chapter then assesses the question of what is legal and what is illegal in wildlife trade. It explores the unintended consequence of confiscations before considering the value of wildlife tourism and the regulation of wildlife trade markets. Finally, the chapter discusses how the online wildlife trade presents new challenges and how the vision of extractive sustainable use is becoming unrealistic.
What is Japanese literature?
Authors: Tansman Alan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Like all literatures, Japanese literature is an idiosyncratic idiom that has contributed to a global literary language. For all of the changes over many centuries in historical and literary context, it is possible to discern many threads running through the Japanese tradition that tie the earliest works to the most recent. Perhaps the most enduring strain running through the tradition is the aesthetic and ethical power of the “spirit of words.” There are many histories of Japanese literature than can be written. This history of Japanese literature concludes by returning to its birthright and deepest wellspring, the gift to us of the almost magically unifying, enchanting, and sometimes healing, power of words and their beauty in the face of what it means to be human
Projecting kelp (Ecklonia radiata) gametophyte thermal adaptation and persistence under climate change
Authors: Veenhof R J , Champion C , Dworjanyn S A , Schwoerbel J , Visch W , Coleman M A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and aims
Kelp forests underpin temperate marine ecosystems but are declining due to ocean warming, causing loss of associated ecosystem services. Projections suggest significant future decline but often only consider the persistence of adult sporophytes. Kelps have a biphasic life cycle, and the haploid gametophyte can be more thermally tolerant than the sporophyte. Therefore, projections may be altered when considering the thermal tolerance of gametophytes.

Methods
We undertook thermal tolerance experiments to quantify the effect of temperature on gametophyte survival, relative growth rate (RGR) and sex ratio for three genetically distinct populations of Ecklonia radiata gametophytes from comparatively high, mid- and low latitudes (43°, 33° and 30°S). We then used these data to project the likely consequences of climate-induced thermal change on gametophyte persistence and performance across its eastern Australian range, using generalized additive and linear models.

Key results
All populations were adapted to local temperatures and their thermal maximum was 2–3 °C above current maximum in situ temperatures. The lowest latitude population was most thermally tolerant (~70 % survival up to 27 °C), while survival and RGR decreased beyond 25.5 and 20.5 °C for the mid- and low-latitude populations, respectively. Sex ratios were skewed towards females with increased temperature in the low- and high-latitude populations. Spatially explicit model projections under future ocean warming (2050-centred) revealed a minimal decline in survival (0–30 %) across populations, relative to present-day predictions. RGRs were also projected to decline minimally (0–2 % d−1).

Conclusions
Our results contrast with projections for the sporophyte stage of E. radiata, which suggest a 257-km range contraction concurrent with loss of the low-latitude population by 2100. Thermal adaptation in E. radiata gametophytes suggests this life stage is likely resilient to future ocean warming and is unlikely to be a bottleneck for the future persistence of kelp.
European chronic kidney disease registries for children not on kidney replacement therapy: tools for improving health systems and patient-centred outcomes
Authors: Bakkaloğlu Sevcan A , Vidal Enrico , Bonthuis Marjolein , Neto Gisela , Paripović Dušan , Åsberg Anders , Hijosa Marta Melgosa , Vondrak Karel , Jankauskiene Augustina , Roussinov Dimitar , Awan Atif , Jager Kitty J 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children, from birth to late adolescence, is a unique and highly challenging condition that requires epidemiological research and large-scale, prospective cohort studies. Since its first launch in 2007, the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology/European Renal Association (ESPN/ERA) Registry has collected data on patients on kidney replacement therapy (KRT). However, slowing the progression of CKD is of particular importance and thus the possibility to extend the current registry dataset to include patients in CKD stages 4–5 should be a priority.
A survey was sent to the national representatives within the ESPN/ERA Registry to collect information on whether they are running CKD registries. All the representatives from the 38 European countries involved in the ESPN/ERA Registry participated in the survey. Eight existing CKD registries have been identified. General characteristics of the national registry and detailed data on anthropometry, laboratory tests and medications at baseline and at follow-up were collected. Results provided by this survey are highly promising regarding the establishment of an ESPN CKD registry linked to the ESPN/ERA KRT registry and subsequently linking it to the ERA Registry with the same patient identifier, which would allow us to monitor disease progression in childhood and beyond. It is our belief that through such linkages, gaps in patient follow-up will be eliminated and patient-centred outcomes may be improved.
Incessant myopericarditis after mRNA vaccination requiring IL-1 receptor antagonist therapy and pericardiectomy: case report
Authors: Hay Michael B , Muthalaly Rahul G , Tan Sean , Nerlekar Nitesh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been global administration of novel mRNA vaccines that are effective in reducing the burden of COVID-19. In tandem with this administration, mRNA vaccine-associated complications have been identified. One such complication is mRNA vaccine-associated pericarditis.

Case summary
This is a case of a 40-year old male who developed clinical pericarditis 3 days after his first dose of the Pfizer-BioNtech mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. The diagnosis of mRNA vaccine-induced pericarditis was confirmed on cardiac magnetic imaging and was resistant to numerous lines of medical therapy. These included substantial simple and opioid-based analgaesia, colchicine, prednisolone, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist therapy (anakinra), and a ketamine infusion that were all titrated over the course of eight hospital admissions. Ultimately, surgical pericardiectomy was performed that resulted in a favourable outcome.

Discussion
This case depicts an example of incessant mRNA vaccine-associated pericarditis, a known complication of the Pfizer-BioNtech mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. There is limited evidence guiding the therapy of mRNA-induced pericarditis especially when recurrent and resistant to simple analgaesia, colchicine, and steroids. Thus, this case represents a potential framework to help future cases of incessant mRNA vaccine-induced pericarditis.
Royal Attitudes to the Atlantic Slave Trade and Abolition in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Schwarz Suzanne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recent historiography has placed particular emphasis on the social origins and influence of individuals who took opposing sides in debates on the abolition of the slave trade between 1787 and 1807. There is no doubt that family networks and connections influenced patterns of pro-slavery and abolitionist support. Despite this familial focus, comparatively little attention has been paid to the attitudes and interventions in the debate of King George III and his family. As early as 1808, Thomas Clarkson’s History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade by the British Parliament recorded how Prince William Henry, duke of Clarence, and his younger cousin, Prince William Frederick, second duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, held diametrically opposed views on the issue. Evidence that has recently come to light in the Royal Archives makes it possible to assess whether the divide between George III’s son and nephew points to a royal family riven by disagreement on the rights and wrongs of slavery. By broadening the canvas of study to include other royal dukes, this article contributes to a much fuller understanding of the family’s reaction to one of the most pressing moral and economic questions of the day. Their views were not just a matter of their own personal opinions; their interventions in debate affected (and on balance, impeded) the progress of abolition and had direct repercussions on the lives of hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans.
Oxidative stress–related genetic variation and antioxidant vitamin intake in intact and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: a Swedish population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vats Sakshi , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Zhang Naiqi , Wang Xiao , Acosta Stefan , Gottsäter Anders , Memon Ashfaque A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study is to investigate how genetic variations in genes related to oxidative stress, intake of antioxidant vitamins, and any potential interactions between these factors affect the incidence of intact abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and its rupture (rAAA), accounting for sex differences where possible.

Methods and results
The present retrospective cohort study (n = 25 252) uses baseline single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and total antioxidant vitamin intake data from the large population-based, Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Cumulative incidence of intact AAA was 1.6% and of rAAA 0.3% after a median follow-up of 24.3 years. A variant in NOX3 (rs3749930) was associated with higher rAAA risk in males [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 2.49; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–4.35] and the overall population (aHR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.05–3.37). Higher intakes of antioxidant vitamins, riboflavin, and folate were associated with 20% and 19% reduced intact AAA incidence, respectively. Interestingly, the inverse associations between riboflavin and vitamin D intake with intact AAA incidence were stronger in the individuals carrying the NOX3 variant as compared with the wild-type recessive genotype, i.e. by 60% and 66%, respectively (P for interaction &lt; 0.05). Higher riboflavin intake was associated with a 33% male-specific intact AAA risk reduction, while higher intake of vitamin B12 intake was associated with 55% female-specific intact AAA risk increase; both these associations were significantly modified by sex (P for interaction &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the role of oxidative stress genetic variations and antioxidant vitamin intake in AAA. Although a low AAA/rAAA sample size limited some analyses, especially in females, our findings highlight the need for future randomized controlled trials and mechanistic studies, to explore the potential benefits of antioxidant vitamins while accounting for genetic and sex differences.
Lysines K117 and K147 play conserved roles in Ras activation from Drosophila to mammals
Authors: Singh Jiya , Karunaraj Prashath , Luf Max , Pfleger Cathie M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ras signaling plays an important role in growth, proliferation, and developmental patterning. Maintaining appropriate levels of Ras signaling is important to establish patterning in development and to prevent diseases such as cancer in mature organisms. The Ras protein is represented by Ras85D in Drosophila and by HRas, NRas, and KRas in mammals. In the past dozen years, multiple reports have characterized both inhibitory and activating ubiquitination events regulating Ras proteins. Inhibitory Ras ubiquitination mediated by Rabex-5 or Lztr1 is highly conserved between flies and mammals. Activating ubiquitination events at K117 and K147 have been reported in mammalian HRas, NRas, and KRas, but it is unclear if these activating roles of K117 and K147 are conserved in flies. Addressing a potential conserved role for these lysines in Drosophila Ras activation requires phenotypes strong enough to assess suppression. Therefore, we utilized oncogenic Ras, RasG12V, which biases Ras to the GTP-loaded active conformation. We created double mutants RasG12V,K117R and RasG12V,K147R and triple mutant RasG12V,K117R,K147R to prevent lysine-specific post-translational modification of K117, K147, or both, respectively. We compared their phenotypes to RasG12V in the wing to reveal the roles of these lysines. Although RasG12V,K147R did not show compelling or quantifiable differences from RasG12V, RasG12V,K117R showed visible and quantifiable suppression compared to RasG12V, and triple mutant RasG12V,K117R,K147R showed dramatic suppression compared to RasG12V and increased suppression compared to RasG12V,K117R. These data are consistent with highly conserved roles for K117 and K147 in Ras activation from flies to mammals.
Perceived Anxiousness About COVID-19 and Preventive Behaviors Among Dyads of Older Adults and Family Caregivers
Authors: Liang Jiaming , Aranda Maria P , Jang Yuri 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Adopting preventive behaviors is crucial to avoiding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, and perceived anxiousness may influence such behaviors among older adults and their caregivers. This study investigated the relationships between perceived anxiousness about COVID-19 and preventive behaviors in older adult–caregiver dyads.

Research Design and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using 1,565 older adult–caregiver dyads from the 2020 National Health and Aging Trend Study (NHATS)/National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) COVID-19 Supplements data. Actor–partner interdependence models were estimated to examine the associations between older adults’ and family caregivers’ perceived anxiousness about COVID-19 and their engagement in personal (e.g., wearing masks, washing hands) and social (e.g., avoiding contact with friends, limiting grocery shopping) preventive behaviors. Separate models were estimated based on older adults’ dementia status.

Results
We found significant actor effects of anxiousness about COVID-19 on preventive behaviors of both older adults and caregivers in nondementia dyads. The anxiousness about COVID-19 of older adults had significant partner effects on both personal and social preventive behaviors of caregivers, whereas caregivers’ anxiousness about COVID-19 only had a significant partner effect on social preventive behaviors of older adults. No significant partner effect was found in dementia dyads.

Discussion and Implications
Our findings highlight the critical role of caregivers in promoting older adults’ health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and maintaining mental well-being of older adults. The study also implies future efforts to explore the dyadic relationship of dementia care dyads in promoting health behaviors and mental health.
The Effect of Aerobic Exercises on Arterial Stiffness in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ho Lily Yuen Wah , Kwan Rick Yiu Cho , Yuen Ka Man , Leung Wai Chun , Tam Pui Ni , Tsim Nga Man , Ng Shamay Sheung Mei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Aerobic exercise is a cost-effective intervention to improve arterial stiffness, but its effects on older people are unclear; this review aims to determine those effects.

Research Design and Methods
Five databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of aerobic exercises. Backward and forward citations and clinical trial registries were also reviewed. Data were extracted and synthesized. A random-effects model was used in a meta-analysis. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were also assessed. The protocol of this review was registered (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022349494).

Results
Eighteen studies (n = 775) were identified. Aerobic exercises included cycling, walking, swimming, standing core exercise, bench step exercise, aquarobic exercise, jogging, running, upper-limb cycling, and aquatic walking. Postintervention, improvements were seen in the pulse wave velocity (SMD9 = −0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI)–1.57 to –0.22), arterial velocity–pulse index (MD2 = –6.84, 95% CI –9.05 to –4.63), and arterial pressure–volume index (MD2 = –4.97, 95% CI –6.9 to –3.04), but not in the augmentation index, arterial compliance, or beta stiffness index. Exercise lasting &gt;8 weeks but not 4–8 weeks significantly improved pulse wave velocity. Aerobic exercise had a beneficial effect on healthy older people but not on older people with disease. The overall risk of bias was high in 9 of the included studies, with some concerns in the remaining studies. The certainty of the evidence was very low.

Discussion and Implications
Aerobic exercises, particularly those lasting &gt;8 weeks, appear to be effective at improving pulse wave velocity in older people postintervention. Future trials with robust designs are needed.
The haplotype-resolved T2T reference genome highlights structural variation underlying agronomic traits of melon
Authors: Li Guoli , Tang Lingli , He Yuhua , Xu Yongyang , Bendahmane Abdelhafid , Garcia-Mas Jordi , Lin Tao , Zhao Guangwei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important vegetable crop that has an extensive history of cultivation. However, the genome of wild and semi-wild melon types that can be used for the analysis of agronomic traits is not yet available. Here we report a chromosome-level T2T genome assembly for 821 (C. melo ssp. agrestis var. acidulus), a semi-wild melon with two haplotypes of ~373 Mb and ~364 Mb, respectively. Comparative genome analysis discovered a significant number of structural variants (SVs) between melo (C. melo ssp. melo) and agrestis (C. melo ssp. agrestis) genomes, including a copy number variation located in the ToLCNDV resistance locus on chromosome 11. Genome-wide association studies detected a significant signal associated with climacteric ripening and identified one candidate gene CM_ac12g14720.1 (CmABA2), encoding a cytoplasmic short chain dehydrogenase/reductase, which controls the biosynthesis of abscisic acid. This study provides valuable genetic resources for future research on melon breeding.