bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
microRNAs‐mediated regulation of insulin signaling in white adipose tissue during aging: Role of caloric restriction
Authors: Corrales Patricia , Martin‐Taboada Marina , Vivas‐García Yurena , Torres Lucia , Ramirez‐Jimenez Laura , Lopez Yamila , Horrillo Daniel , Vila‐Bedmar Rocio , Barber‐Cano Eloisa , Izquierdo‐Lahuerta Adriana , Peña‐Chilet Maria , Martínez Carmen , Dopazo Joaquín , Ros Manuel , Medina‐Gomez Gema 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCaloric restriction is a non‐pharmacological intervention known to ameliorate the metabolic defects associated with aging, including insulin resistance. The levels of miRNA expression may represent a predictive tool for aging‐related alterations. In order to investigate the role of miRNAs underlying insulin resistance in adipose tissue during the early stages of aging, 3‐ and 12‐month‐old male animals fed ad libitum, and 12‐month‐old male animals fed with a 20% caloric restricted diet were used. In this work we demonstrate that specific miRNAs may contribute to the impaired insulin‐stimulated glucose metabolism specifically in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue, through the regulation of target genes implicated in the insulin signaling cascade. Moreover, the expression of these miRNAs is modified by caloric restriction in middle‐aged animals, in accordance with the improvement of the metabolic state. Overall, our work demonstrates that alterations in posttranscriptional gene expression because of miRNAs dysregulation might represent an endogenous mechanism by which insulin response in the subcutaneous fat depot is already affected at middle age. Importantly, caloric restriction could prevent this modulation, demonstrating that certain miRNAs could constitute potential biomarkers of age‐related metabolic alterations.
Causal associations of sarcopenia‐related traits with cardiometabolic disease and Alzheimer's disease and the mediating role of insulin resistance: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ye Chaojie , Kong Lijie , Wang Yiying , Zheng Jie , Xu Min , Xu Yu , Li Mian , Zhao Zhiyun , Lu Jieli , Chen Yuhong , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Bi Yufang , Wang Tiange 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe causal influence of sarcopenia on cardiometabolic disease and Alzheimer's disease and whether and to what extent insulin resistance plays a mediating role therein were unclear. We performed two‐step, two‐sample Mendelian randomization applying genetic instruments of sarcopenia‐related traits based on GWASs from the UK Biobank (up to 461,026 European participants) to examine their causal associations with six cardiometabolic diseases and Alzheimer's disease extracted from large‐scale European descent GWASs with adjustment for body fat percentage and physical activity, and to assess proportions of the causal effects mediated by insulin resistance. Genetic instruments of insulin resistance were derived from the GWASs by Meta‐Analyses of Glucose and Insulin‐related traits Consortium and Global Lipids Genetics Consortium. Each 1‐SD lower grip strength, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and whole‐body lean mass (WBLM), as well as lower walking pace, were causally associated with higher risks of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] range: 1.20 [95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.32] for ALM to 2.30 [1.14–4.68] for walking pace), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ([NAFLD], 1.33 [1.08–1.64] for ALM to 2.30 [1.02–5.18] for grip strength), hypertension (1.12 [1.05–1.20] for ALM to 4.43 [2.68–7.33] for walking pace), coronary heart disease ([CHD], 1.20 [1.13–1.27] for ALM to 2.73 [1.84–4.05] for walking pace), myocardial infarction ([MI], 1.18 [1.11–1.25] for ALM to 2.47 [1.63–3.73] for walking pace), small vessel stroke (1.25 [1.15–1.37] for ALM to 1.29 [1.10–1.52] for WBLM), and Alzheimer's disease (1.10 [1.05–1.15] for ALM to 1.28 [1.19–1.38] for WBLM). These causal associations were largely independent of body fat percentage and physical activity. Insulin resistance mediated 16%–34% of the effect of grip strength and 7%–28% of the effect of ALM on diabetes, NAFLD, hypertension, CHD, and MI. The direct effect of WBLM on diabetes diminished toward null with adjustment for insulin resistance. We found no evidence that insulin resistance was on the causal pathways from walking pace to the studied disease outcomes. Causal findings from the inverse‐variance weighted method were validated by sensitivity analyses. These findings support improving sarcopenia‐related traits as precautions against major cardiometabolic diseases and Alzheimer's disease, with particular emphasis on insulin resistance as a target in the intervention of sarcopenia‐related cardiometabolic risk.
Morphology and morphometry of the spinal cord and meninges in Egyptian Baladi goat (Capra hircus): Stereomicroscopy of blue‐stained gray matter
Authors: El‐Gendy Samir A. A. , Amin Mohamed , Enany El‐Sayed , El‐Bakary Raafat , Karkoura Ashraf , Alsafy Mohamed A. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe study objective is to obtain normal morphology and morphometric data from Baladi goat spinal cord segments. Using Tompsett's technique for staining gray matter with a blue stain allowed us to calculate the quantity or area of gray and white matter and thus the total area of each segment. The spinal cord of the goat started at the extent of the middle‐third of the occipital condyles, and the tapered end of the spinal cord terminated at the center of the first sacral vertebra. The total length of the spinal cord was 73.3 ± 2.5 cm on average. C3 was the longest spinal segment, measuring 3.95 cm. The gray matter area had a high value at the cervical and lumbar enlargements, with C8 having the highest value of gray matter cross sectional area at 12 mm2 and C7 having the highest value of white matter cross sectional area at 42 mm2. The area of white matter of the cervical region was higher than that of the other spinal regions. At C7, the total cross section area reached its maximum of 53 mm2. The cervical enlargement included segments from C6 to T1, while the lumbar enlargement included L5 to S1. The dura mater is connected cranially to the dens of the axis and caudally to the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. The epidural space height between lumbar vertebrae was 2 mm in all lumbar spaces and 3 mm in the lumbosacral space. The normal morphology and morphometric data of the goat spinal cord segments may be useful in pathological conditions of the spinal cord and during epidural anaesthesia technique.
Treatment patterns and results of salvage treatment for regional recurrences after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for primary non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lee Choong‐Won , Kim Byoung Hyuck , Wu Hong‐Gyun , Kim Hak Jae 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeStereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for early‐stage lung cancer has shown promising results; however, regional recurrence (RR) development is not uncommon, and salvage treatment strategies have not been established. We aimed to investigate treatment patterns, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of 391 patients who underwent SABR for primary lung cancer from 2012 to 2019 was performed. Among these patients, 90 patients showed recurrence, including local recurrence (n = 9), RR (n = 33), distant metastasis (DM) (n = 57), and RR with simultaneous DM (n = 8). The median follow‐up duration was 17.3 months.ResultsThe median age was 75 years, and most patients underwent primary SABR due to poor lung function (69.7%). Various salvage treatments were performed in cases of RR, including chemotherapy (n = 15), radiotherapy (n = 7), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (n = 2), and best supportive care (n = 9). The median overall survival (OS) and post‐recurrence OS (PR‐OS) were 22.9 and 11.2 months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, age ≤75 years (HR = 0.36, p = 0.040), isolated recurrence (HR = 0.34, p = 0.037), and radiotherapy without chemotherapy (HR = 0.25, p = 0.024) were significant prognostic factors for PR‐OS.ConclusionsDespite various salvage treatments, PR‐OS was less than 1 year after RR in our frail patients group who underwent primary SABR. The toxicities of salvage chemotherapy could be quite severe; thus, careful patient selection is required. Further research is needed to validate our findings.
IgA autoantibody may be the foremost pathogenic in three cases of linear IgA/IgG bullous dermatosis
Authors: Jing Ke , Wang Yuan , Li Suo , Feng Suying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLinear IgA/IgG bullous dermatosis (LAGBD) is a relatively rare autoimmune bullous disease characterized by both IgA and IgG antibodies to basement membrane zone. The heterogeneity and pathogenesis of antibodies and the relationship between IgA and IgG in LAGBD have not been fully elucidated. We observed clinical, histological and immunological features of three LAGBD cases at different time points in the disease course. In our cohort, two cases showed IgA antibodies to epidermal antigens vanished when their lesions cleared after 3 months of treatment. One refractory case showed increasing antigens targeted by IgA antibodies with the progression of the disease. Collectively, the results suggest that IgA antibodies may play a major role in LAGBD. In addition, epitope spreading may be related to disease relapse and treatment refractory.
Thinking through ethnographies: Making sense of societies in transition
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Tareq 
Published: July 2023

SummaryHow can one conceptualize change in societies? What do ethnographies reveal about societies in transition? In elucidating what societal changes entail, this article discusses ethnographies that focus on “societies in transition.” An ethnography that deals with changes in and of society also analyzes people's experiences in a rapidly changing society. In addition to giving analytical perspectives on a region—in this case, gendered ideas and practices in Bangladesh—such ethnographies may guide us to opening new social realities. Hence, ethnographies can reveal the potentialities and temporalities of social systems. Additionally, containing the possibilities of an otherwise within itself, ethnographies reflect critiques of established concepts. Thus, one gets glimpses of the continual becoming of the social rather than seeing it as a bounded system.
Rest so deep now
Authors: Collu Samuele , Taggart Eric 
Published: July 2023

SummaryIn this “hundreds” in honor of Kathleen Stewart, we channel her work on ordinary affects. In the form of a refracted dialogue, we make indirect references to Kathleen Stewart, Lauren Berlant, Sigmund Freud, Donald Winnicott, Gilles Deleuze, and Felix Guattari to evoke the vital and deadly repetitions that sustain the re/production of coupled forms of life.
AutoFibroNet: A deep learning and multi‐photon microscopy‐derived automated network for liver fibrosis quantification in MAFLD
Authors: Zhan Huiling , Chen Siyu , Gao Feng , Wang Guangxing , Chen Sui‐Dan , Xi Gangqin , Yuan Hai‐Yang , Li Xiaolu , Liu Wen‐Yue , Byrne Christopher D. , Targher Giovanni , Chen Miao‐Yang , Yang Yong‐Feng , Chen Jun , Fan Zhiwen , Sun Xitai , Cai Guorong , Zheng Ming‐Hua , Zhuo Shuangmu ,   CHESS‐MAFLD consortium
Published: July 2023

SummaryBackgroundLiver fibrosis is the strongest histological risk factor for liver‐related complications and mortality in metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Second harmonic generation/two‐photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) is a powerful tool for label‐free two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional tissue visualisation that shows promise in liver fibrosis assessment.AimTo investigate combining multi‐photon microscopy (MPM) and deep learning techniques to develop and validate a new automated quantitative histological classification tool, named AutoFibroNet (Automated Liver Fibrosis Grading Network), for accurately staging liver fibrosis in MAFLD.MethodsAutoFibroNet was developed in a training cohort that consisted of 203 Chinese adults with biopsy‐confirmed MAFLD. Three deep learning models (VGG16, ResNet34, and MobileNet V3) were used to train pre‐processed images and test data sets. Multi‐layer perceptrons were used to fuse data (deep learning features, clinical features, and manual features) to build a joint model. This model was then validated in two further independent cohorts.ResultsAutoFibroNet showed good discrimination in the training set. For F0, F1, F2 and F3‐4 fibrosis stages, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) of AutoFibroNet were 1.00, 0.99, 0.98 and 0.98. The AUROCs of F0, F1, F2 and F3‐4 fibrosis stages for AutoFibroNet in the two validation cohorts were 0.99, 0.83, 0.80 and 0.90 and 1.00, 0.83, 0.80 and 0.94, respectively, showing a good discriminatory ability in different cohorts.ConclusionAutoFibroNet is an automated quantitative tool that accurately identifies histological stages of liver fibrosis in Chinese individuals with MAFLD.
Word embeddings reveal growing moral concern for people, animals and the environment
Authors: Leach Stefan , Kitchin Andrew P. , Sutton Robbie M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Enlightenment idea of historical moral progress asserts that civil societies become more moral over time. This is often understood as an expanding moral circle and is argued to be tightly linked with language use, with some suggesting that shifts in how we express concern for others can be considered an important indicator of moral progress. Our research explores these notions by examining historical trends in natural language use during the 19th and 20th centuries. We found that the associations between words denoting moral concern and words referring to people, animals, and the environment grew stronger over time. The findings support widely‐held views about the nature of moral progress by showing that language has changed in a way that reflects greater concern for others.
Cathepsins and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: From pathogenic factors to potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Zhao Shuxuan , Jiang Muzhou , Qing Hong , Ni Junjun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. The COVID‐19 pandemic began in March 2020 and has wrought havoc on health and economic systems worldwide. Efficacious treatment for COVID‐19 is lacking: Only preventive measures as well as symptomatic and supportive care are available. Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that lysosomal cathepsins might contribute to the pathogenesis and disease outcome of COVID‐19. Here, we discuss cutting‐edge evidence on the pathological roles of cathepsins in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, host immune dysregulations, and the possible underlying mechanisms. Cathepsins are attractive drug targets because of their defined substrate‐binding pockets, which can be exploited as binding sites for pharmaceutical enzyme inhibitors. Accordingly, the potential modulatory strategies of cathepsin activity are discussed. These insights could shed light on the development of cathepsin‐based interventions for COVID‐19.
Acacetin restrains the malignancy of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells via regulating JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Wang Wei , Renquan Zhang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcacetin is a natural flavonoid compound found in diverse plants, which has strong anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer activities. This work aimed at investigating how acacetin functions on esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. In this work, esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines were subjected to increasing doses of acacetin, and the proliferative, migrative, invasive and apoptotic phenotypes were evaluated by a series of in vitro experiments. Genes related to acacetin and esophageal cancer were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The levels of apoptosis‐relevant proteins and JAK2/STAT3 pathway‐relevant proteins in esophageal squamous carcinoma cells were probed by Western blot. It was revealed that acacetin could block the growth and aggressiveness of TE‐1 and TE‐10 cells and promote the apoptosis. Acacetin treatment induced bax's expression and repressed bcl‐2's expression. Notably, acacetin inhibits JAK2/STAT3 pathway in esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. In summary, acacetin inhibits the malignant progression of esophageal squamous carcinoma via restraining JAK2/STAT3 signaling.
Mucosal adhesion phenomenon after maxillary sinus floor elevation: A preclinical study
Authors: Nakajima Yasushi , Apaza Alccayhuaman Karol Alí , Botticelli Daniele , Lang Niklaus Peter , De Rossi Ermenegildo Federico , Xavier Samuel Porfirio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo describe the histological events that occur after maxillary sinus floor elevation when the elevated and undetached sinus mucosa are in close proximity or in contact with each other.Materials and methodsFrom 76 rabbits, 152 elevated maxillary sinuses were analyzed histologically. Sites without adhesions were classified as “No proximity,” whereas the adhesion stages were divided into “Proximity,” “Fusion,” and “Synechia stages.” The width of the pseudostratified columnar epithelium and the distance between the two layers of the elevated and undetached sinus mucosae were measured at various standardized positions.ResultsThirty‐one sites presenting with adhesions were found. Twelve sites were in the proximity stage,” presenting cilia of the two epithelial layers that were shortened and interlinked within the mucous context. Hyperactivity of the goblet cells was also observed. In the other cases, the hyperplastic epithelium showed attempts to reach the contralateral mucosa. The 15 “fusion stage” sites presented regions with epithelial cells of the two mucosal layers that penetrated each other. Four sites presented “synechiae stages,” represented by bridges of connective tissue connecting the two lamina propria.ConclusionsClose proximity or tight contact between the elevated and undetached mucosa adhering to the bone walls might occur after maxillary sinus floor elevation. This induced hyperplasia of the epithelial cells and adhesion of the two layers until synechiae formation.
Policy generation network for zero‐shot policy learning
Authors: Qian Yiming , Zhang Fengyi , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLifelong reinforcement learning is able to continually accumulate shared knowledge by estimating the inter‐task relationships based on training data for the learned tasks in order to accelerate learning for new tasks by knowledge reuse. The existing methods employ a linear model to represent the inter‐task relationships by incorporating task features in order to accomplish a new task without any learning. But these methods may be ineffective for general scenarios, where linear models build inter‐task relationships from low‐dimensional task features to high‐dimensional policy parameters space. Also, the deficiency of calculating errors from objective function may arise in the lifelong reinforcement learning process when some errors of policy parameters restrain others due to inter‐parameter correlation. In this paper, we develop a policy generation network that nonlinearly models the inter‐task relationships by mapping low‐dimensional task features to the high‐dimensional policy parameters, in order to represent the shared knowledge more effectively. At the same time, we propose a novel objective function of lifelong reinforcement learning to relieve the deficiency of calculating errors by adding weight constraints for errors. We empirically demonstrate that our method improves the zero‐shot policy performance across a variety of dynamical systems.
Neutrophilic fixed drug eruption, a histopathologic variant or an expected finding?—A report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Theroux Zachary , Gardner Jerad , Ortiz Eduardo , Kosik Grace , Junkins‐Hopkins Jacqueline 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFixed drug eruption (FDE) is an adverse drug reaction characterized by recurrent circumscribed lesions at the same location upon re‐exposure to the culprit medication, resulting in distinct postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Histopathologically, FDE demonstrates a predominantly lymphocytic interface or lichenoid infiltrate with basal cell vacuolar changes and keratinocyte dyskeratosis/apoptosis. The term “neutrophilic fixed drug eruption” has been used to describe cases in which the inflammatory infiltrate is predominantly neutrophilic. The infiltrate can extend deeper in the dermis, potentially mimicking a neutrophilic dermatosis such as Sweet syndrome. We present two cases and review the literature to discuss the possibility that a neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate may be an expected finding in FDE, rather than a histopathologic variant.
Effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on inpatient skin surgery in Germany: results of the DESSI‐survey
Authors: Balakirski Galina , Hofmann Silke C. , Isselmann Nataliia , Giordano Anna , Dippel Edgar , Löser Christoph R. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryBackgroundThe aim of the survey was to investigate a possible impairment of inpatient dermatological and dermatosurgical care in Germany due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsAn online survey on the impact of pandemic‐related measures on inpatient care was sent to all German dermatology clinics. Only one person per clinic was asked to participate. Data analysis was mainly descriptive. Differences between university hospitals and non‐university hospitals were calculated using the Chi‐square test.ResultsFrom the 113 dermatological clinics with inpatient care, we received 45 (39.8%) at least partially completed questionnaires. Of these, 25 (55.6%) came from university hospitals, 18 (40.0%) from teaching hospitals of a university, 1 (2.2%) from a non‐teaching hospital, and 1 (2.2%) from a participant who did not provide any information on his facility. More than half of survey participants (57.8%) reported that many elective skin surgeries had to be canceled at their clinics at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, most of the clinics (75.6%) were able to perform medically necessary surgeries (such as for malignant melanoma). Only 28.9% (13/45) of participants reported that skin surgery in their clinics returned to full strength after the COVID‐19 pandemic. There was no statistically significant difference between university hospitals and non‐university hospitals regarding the influence of COVID‐19‐related restrictions.ConclusionsDespite their heterogeneity, the results of the survey show an overall clear and long‐term pandemic‐related impairment of inpatient dermatology and skin surgery in Germany.