bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of standard and modified human landing catching techniques for blackfly collection
Authors: Atekem Kareen , Nwane Philippe , Nditanchou Rogers , Jeyam Anita , Wilhelm Aude , Selby Richard , Hamill Louise , Schmidt Elena , Dixon Ruth , Boakye Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Human landing catches (HLCs) are required to collect blackflies for entomological evaluation to verify onchocerciasis elimination. However, there are ethical concerns regarding exposure of vector collectors to infectious blackflies and safer alternative methods are needed. This study evaluated a modified HLC technique where collectors wore coloured trousers (blue, black or blue-black), protecting them from bites during fly collection, and their performance was compared with the standard.

Methods
The study was conducted in Makouopsap, Cameroon, in the Massangam health district for 4 months. Four collector pairs—one ‘standard’ (bare-legged) and three modified—were placed 50 m apart along known breeding sites on the Mbam and Nja Rivers. Collections were performed from 07:00 to 17:00 h, 4 d/month. Hourly rates of flies caught were analysed using a negative binomial generalised linear model to explore associations between flies caught and collection techniques and seasons.

Results
Overall, 17 246 blackflies were caught. There was no significant statistical difference in the number of blackflies and parous flies caught between black trousers and the standard. Thus there is a strong indication that wearing black trousers is a viable non-inferior alternative to the standard HLC.

Conclusions
Further studies are needed to confirm generalisability in different ecozones and transmission environments and among different blackfly species.
The heterogeneous impacts of government on health system efficiency in China's new health reform, 2010–2019
Authors: Zhang Jianghua , Guo Baojie , Fu Xuemei , Feng Xing Lin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Contextualizing in China's recent health reform, we empirically explore the heterogeneous effects of two distinct government roles, accommodating private hospitals vs investing in public hospitals, on health system efficiency.

Methods
We use panel data covering 31 provinces during 2010–2019 to assess health system efficiency. We incorporate health service volumes and population health outcomes to ascertain health system outputs, employing the non-radial directional distance function to estimate efficiency. We employ Bayesian Tobit quantile regression to explore the heterogeneous effects of the share of private hospitals and government subsidy to public providers on efficiency.

Results
China's health system inefficiency scores range from 0 to 0.45. The association between the share of private hospitals and inefficiency score are only significant in higher-inefficiency quantiles (coefficients −0.0258, −0.0315 and −0.0327 for quantiles 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9), meaning a heterogeneously positive impact for low-efficiency provinces. The association between government subsidy and inefficiency score are positive for all quantiles (from 0.0339 to 0.0567), meaning persistent negative impacts on efficiency.

Conclusions
The heterogeneous impacts of the share of private hospitals suggest that the government should accommodate more private hospitals in provinces with low efficiency. The persistent negative impacts of government subsidy suggest that the government investment seems not be subjected to economic objectives.
Concordance of emergency department physicians’ decisions on HIV post-exposure prophylaxis with national guidelines: results from a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Heck Johannes , Höner zu Siederdissen Christoph , Krause Olaf , Schröder Sebastian , Schulze Westhoff Martin , Strunz Patrick-Pascal , Schumacher Carsten , Stichtenoth Dirk O , Bosch Jacobus J , Pape Thorben , Koop Felix , Krichevsky Benjamin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is an effective tool to prevent infection with HIV. Patients seeking PEP after potential HIV exposure usually present to the emergency department (ED). Our study sought to determine the concordance of ED physicians’ decisions on HIV-PEP with national guidelines (primary objective) and to assess the clinical relevance of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between the HIV-PEP regimen and patients’ concomitant medication (secondary objective).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the ED of Hannover Medical School, Germany. Between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2019, 113 of 11 246 screened patients presented to the ED after potential HIV exposure and were enrolled in the study.

Results
The median age of the patients (82.3% male) was 30 y (IQR 25–35.5), 85.8% of potential HIV exposures were characterised as sexual and 85.0% presented within 72 h. ED physicians’ decisions on HIV-PEP were concordant with national guidelines in 93.8%. No clinically relevant DDIs were detected.

Conclusions
ED physicians’ decisions on HIV-PEP were highly concordant with national guidelines. Approximately 1% of patient presentations to the ED were related to HIV exposure; therefore, training ED physicians on HIV transmission risk assessment and indications/contraindications for HIV-PEP is paramount.
Evaluation of in vitro pharmacodynamic drug interactions of ceftazidime/avibactam and fosfomycin in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kroemer Niklas , Martens Miklas , Decousser Jean-Winoc , Grégoire Nicolas , Nordmann Patrice , Wicha Sebastian G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Combination therapy can increase efficacy of antibiotics and prevent emergence of resistance. Ceftazidime/avibactam and fosfomycin may be empirically combined for this purpose, but a systematic and quantitative evaluation of this combination is needed.

Objectives
In this study, a systematic analysis of the pharmacodynamic interactions of ceftazidime/avibactam and fosfomycin in clinical and isogenic Escherichia coli strains carrying genes coding for several carbapenemases or ESBLs was performed and pharmacodynamic interactions were quantified by modelling and simulations.

Methods
Pharmacodynamic interactions were evaluated in ‘dynamic’ chequerboard experiments with quantification of viable bacteria in eight isogenic and six clinical E. coli strains. Additionally, supplemental time–kill experiments were performed and genomic analyses were conducted on representative fosfomycin-resistant subpopulations. Models were fitted to all data using R and NONMEM®.

Results
Synergistic drug interactions were identified for 67% of the clinical and 75% of the isogenic isolates with a mean EC50 reduction of &gt;50%. Time–kill experiments confirmed the interactions and modelling quantified EC50 reductions up to 97% in combination and synergy prevented regrowth of bacteria by enhanced killing effects. In 9 out of 12 fosfomycin-resistant mutants, genomic analyses identified previously reported mutations.

Conclusions
The broad synergistic in vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam and fosfomycin confirms the potential of the application of this drug combination in clinics. The substantial reduction of the EC50 in combination may allow use of lower doses or treatment of organisms with higher MIC values and encourage further research translating these findings into the clinical setting.
Chemokine Cxcl1–Cxcl2 heterodimer is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant
Authors: Sawant Kirti V , Sepuru Krishna Mohan , Penaranda Brigith , Lowry Emily , Garofalo Roberto P , Rajarathnam Krishna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Microbial infection is characterized by release of multiple proinflammatory chemokines that direct neutrophils to the insult site. How collective function of these chemokines orchestrates neutrophil recruitment is not known. Here, we characterized the role for heterodimer and show that the Cxcl1–Cxcl2 heterodimer is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant in mice and can recruit more neutrophils than the individual chemokines. Chemokine-mediated neutrophil recruitment is determined by Cxcr2 receptor signaling, Cxcr2 endocytosis, and binding to glycosaminoglycans. We have now determined heterodimer's Cxcr2 activity using cellular assays and Cxcr2 density in blood and recruited neutrophils in heterodimer-treated mice. We have shown that the heterodimer binds glycosaminoglycans with higher affinity and more efficiently than Cxcl1 or Cxcl2. These data collectively indicate that optimal glycosaminoglycan interactions and dampened receptor activity acting in concert in a dynamic fashion promote heterodimer-mediated robust neutrophil recruitment. We propose that this could play a critical role in combating infection.
Frozen shoulder. An overview of pathology and biology with hopes to novel drug therapies
Authors: Tamai Kazuya , Hamada Junichiro , Nagase Yuichi , Morishige Masahiko , Naito Masashi , Asai Hideaki , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Frozen shoulder (FS) is a common disorder characterized by spontaneous onset of shoulder pain accompanied by progressive loss of range-of-motions. The cause of FS is still unclear, and radical therapy has not been established. With the final aim of preventing or curing FS at an earlier stage, we reviewed the pathological and biological features of this disease. Many studies indicate that the main pathology of FS is inflammation initially and fibrosis later. There are inflammatory cytokines, immune cells, fibrotic growth factors, and type-III collagen in the synovium and the joint capsule. The immune cell landscape switches from the macrophages to T cells. Activated fibroblasts seem to regulate the inflammatory and fibrotic processes. The imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases might promote fibrosis. Additionally, advanced glycation end-products are noted in the FS synovium. Diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism are closely related to the development of FS. In terms of nonsurgical treatment, oral or intra-articular glucocorticoids are the only drugs that provide early benefit. Some other anti-inflammatory or antifibrotic drugs may potentially control the FS, but have not been proven effective in the clinical setting. Future studies should be targeted to develop steroid-sparing agents that inhibit biological events in FS.
Empirical comparisons between the past 5000 years of European and Eastern Mediterranean history and precipitation as recorded by ice accumulation in the GISP2 (Greenland) ice core
Authors: Holdaway Richard N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Adequate and regular levels of precipitation are fundamental to the sustained success of civilizations based on early agricultural production technologies, but palaeoclimate studies have concentrated on temperature. Potentially important insights into the fates of early civilization can be gained, however, from long term records of precipitation. Patterns in precipitation over the past 5000 years recorded by the ice accumulation balance in the GISP 2 ice core on the Greenland plateau appear to be correlated with major events in European and Mediterranean history. Near Greenland, Viking raids coincided with a major step-wise precipitation increase after 600 CE. Viking settlement of Greenland coincided with a precipitation low. During the Egyptian Old Kingdom period of pyramid-building precipitation was higher than when the New Kingdom tombs were excavated. The Old Kingdom and Akkadian Empire both failed as precipitation descended into the same prolonged precipitation low. The end of the New Kingdom and of the other Bronze Age civilizations in the eastern Mediterranean and around the Aegean Sea coincided with the lowest ice accumulation rate in the past 5000 years. The Roman ‘Imperial Good Times’ coincided with a precipitation high. The brief 2nd century imperial reigns and those of late New Kingdom pharaohs accompanied precipitation lows, as did the Antonine and Justinianic plagues. A trans-Alpine ‘production see-saw’ hypothesis, in which the same precipitation levels generated opposite effects, fits the sequence of successes and failures of western civilizations.
Molecular hydrogen positively regulates nitrate uptake and seed size by targeting nitrate reductase
Authors: Cheng Pengfei , Wang Yueqiao , Cai Chenxu , Li Longna , Zeng Yan , Cheng Xu , Shen Wenbiao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although the sources of molecular hydrogen (H2) synthesis in plants remain to be fully elucidated, ample evidence shows that plant-based H2 can regulate development and stress responses. Here, we present genetic and molecular evidence indicating that nitrate reductase (NR) might be a target of H2 sensing that positively regulates nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and seed size in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The expression level of NR and changes of NUE under control and, in particular, low nitrogen supply were positively associated with H2 addition supplied exogenously or through genetic manipulation. The improvement in nitrate assimilation achieved by H2 was also mediated via NR dephosphorylation. H2 control of seed size was impaired by NR mutation. Further genetic evidence revealed that H2, NR, and nitric oxide can synergistically regulate nitrate assimilation in response to N starvation conditions. Collectively, our data indicate that NR might be a target for H2 sensing, ultimately positively regulating nitrate uptake and seed size. These results provide insights into H2 signaling and its functions in plant metabolism.
Pyrenoid-core CO2-evolving machinery is essential for diatom photosynthesis in elevated CO2
Authors: Shimakawa Ginga , Okuyama Akane , Harada Hisashi , Nakagaito Shuko , Toyoshima Yui , Nagata Kazuya , Matsuda Yusuke 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Marine diatoms are responsible for up to 20% of the annual global primary production by performing photosynthesis in seawater where CO2 availability is limited while HCO3− is abundant. Our previous studies have demonstrated that solute carrier 4 proteins at the plasma membrane of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum facilitate the use of the abundant seawater HCO3−. There has been an unconcluded debate as to whether such HCO3− use capacity may itself supply enough dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to saturate the enzyme Rubisco. Here, we show that the θ-type carbonic anhydrase, Ptθ-CA1, a luminal factor of the pyrenoid-penetrating thylakoid membranes, plays an essential role in saturating photosynthesis of P. tricornutum. We isolated and analyzed genome-edited mutants of P. tricornutum defective in Ptθ-CA1. The mutants showed impaired growth in seawater aerated with a broad range of CO2 levels, from atmospheric to 1%. Independently of growth CO2 conditions, the photosynthetic affinity measured as K0.5 for DIC in mutants reached around 2 mm, which is about 10 times higher than K0.5[DIC] of high-CO2–grown wild-type cells that have repressed CO2-concentrating mechanism levels. The results clearly indicate that diatom photosynthesis is not saturated with either seawater-level DIC or even under a highly elevated CO2 environment unless the CO2-evolving machinery is at the core of the pyrenoid.
Differential properties of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
Authors: Taylor Peter C , Choy Ernest , Baraliakos Xenofon , Szekanecz Zoltan , Xavier Ricardo M , Isaacs John D , Strengholt Sander , Parmentier Julie M , Lippe Ralph , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) are a family of cytosolic tyrosine kinases that regulate cytokine signal transduction, including cytokines involved in a range of inflammatory diseases, such as RA, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and IBD. Several small-molecule JAK inhibitors (JAKis) are now approved for the treatment of various immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. There are, however, key differences between these agents that could potentially translate into unique clinical profiles. Each JAKi has a unique chemical structure, resulting in a distinctive mode of binding within the catalytic cleft of the target JAK, and giving rise to distinct pharmacological characteristics. In addition, the available agents have differing selectivity for JAK isoforms, as well as off-target effects against non-JAKs. Other differences include effects on haematological parameters, DNA damage repair, reproductive toxicity and metabolism/elimination. Here we review the pharmacological profiles of the JAKis abrocitinib, baricitinib, filgotinib, peficitinib, tofacitinib and upadacitinib.
Intensive Naming: Concerted Cultivation and Flexible Ethnicity among U.S. Middle-Class Mexican-Origin Parents
Authors: Sue Christina A 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSelecting a name for a child represents an important symbolic and cultural decision. As social labels, names serve as identity markers that influence how their bearers are perceived and treated. Sociologists are increasingly taking advantage of the study of names, with most adopting a quantitative approach and analyzing names as outcomes. Less is known about the social meanings surrounding names and motivations behind naming decisions, the examination of which can provide insight into parental aspirations, the reproduction of class, and strategies for ethnoracial integration. Drawing on 72 in-depth interviews with Mexican-origin respondents, I show how middle-class parents leverage first names to meet their goals of creating middle-class, multicultural children. I find respondents practice intensive naming, a strategic pre-birth form of parenting, where parents carefully assess naming options with the goal of maximizing their children’s opportunities vis-à-vis ethnoracial integration and class distinction. Specifically, I show how parents chose names that are ethnically flexible and signal middle-class status to facilitate their successful integration into various ethnoracial contexts. These findings illustrate the unique challenges parents of color face in their intensive parenting efforts and how names are used as cultural tools to position the next generation in desirable class and ethnoracial terms.
Immunotherapy for inflammatory breast cancer: current evidences and future perspectives
Authors: Valenza Carmine , Trapani Dario , Curigliano Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most fatal type presentation of clinical breast cancer. The immune tumor microenvironment (TME) of IBC is characterized by signals of immune evasion but suggests actionable vulnerability to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this review, we aimed to summarize the most important preclinical evidences of IBC immune-vulnerability and the first data from clinical trials evaluating ICIs in IBC.

Recent findings
IBC is characterized by a preexisting active immune TME suppressed by mechanisms of immune-escape, including inhibitory immune-checkpoints, whose expression is higher than in non-IBC. Clinical trials evaluating ICIs in patients with IBC are burdened by slow accrual and low enrollment.

Summary
Because of the limited data from clinical trials, no conclusions about the activity of ICIs in IBC can be drawn. Ongoing clinical trials are assessing many promising ICI-based combination approaches. An enhanced multicenter collaboration to evaluate ICIs in patients with this aggressive form of disease and to improve clinical outcomes is required.
HER2-positive breast cancer: cotargeting to overcome treatment resistance
Authors: Zagami Paola , Boscolo Bielo Luca , Nicolò Eleonora , Curigliano Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
The introduction in clinical practice of anti-HER2 agents changed the prognosis of patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer in both metastatic and early setting. Although the incomparable results obtained in the last years with the approval of new drugs targeting HER2, not all patients derive benefit from these treatments, experiencing primary or secondary resistance. The aim of this article is to review the data about cotargeting HER2 with different pathways (or epitopes of receptors) involved in its oncogenic signaling, as a mechanism to overcome resistance to anti-HER2 agents.

Recent findings
Concordantly to the knowledge of the HER2+ breast cancer heterogeneity as well as new drugs, novel predictive biomarkers of response to anti-HER2 treatments are always raised helping to define target to overcome resistance. Cotargeting HER2 and hormone receptors is the most well known mechanism to improve benefit in HER2+/HR+ breast cancer. Additional HER2-cotargeting, such as, with PI3K pathway, as well as different HERs receptors or immune-checkpoints revealed promising results.

Summary
HER2+ breast cancer is an heterogenous disease. Cotargeting HER2 with other signaling pathways involved in its mechanism of resistance may improve patient outcomes. Research efforts will continue to investigate novel targets and combinations to create more effective treatment regimes.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Hospital Nurse Leaders' Turnover Intention
Authors: Li Zhizhong , Gephart Sheila M. 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
This project aims to identify the prevalence of acute care nurse leader turnover intention and the contributing factors.

BACKGROUND
Previous research has identified that nurse leaders often quit around 1 year after stepping into a leadership position. More in-depth investigations of the phenomenon are needed.

METHODS
The 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses data were used in this quantitative, cross-sectional study. The sample of nurse leaders was drawn from survey participants. Characteristics of interest in this study were listed in the survey questionnaire and divided into 5 categories: education, primary nursing employment, race, marital status, and age.

RESULTS
A total of 50 273 participants completed the survey. The final sample size of nurse leaders was 1310 based on the eligibility criteria. The characteristics of the nurse leaders with turnover intention were reported in the 5 previously identified categories. Age, federally assisted student loans, and hours worked in a typical week predicted turnover intention. Low dissatisfaction and ability to practice to the full extent of knowledge, education, and training were strongly associated with nurse leader turnover intention.

CONCLUSIONS
The study findings contribute to a more in-depth discovery of the causes of nurse leader turnover and future interventional research.