bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with singleness
Authors: Shahrak Shakiba Pourasad , Brand Serge , Taghizadeh Ziba 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The number of never-married women is increasing worldwide. According to a recent census (2016) this trend is also apparent in Iran. The aim of the present study was to investigate how never-married Iranian women cope with their single status.

Methods
The present study was qualitative in nature. Purposeful sampling with maximum variation was used to select 18 never-married women aged over 35. Data were analyzed on the basis of conventional content analysis and inductive reasoning.

Results
One hundred fifty-four codes, nine subcategories, three categories, and one theme were extracted. The three categories were: (1) responding to sexual needs (sub-categories: having sex; masturbation; sexual abstinence); (2) responding to emotional needs (sub-categories: getting used to being alone; living with family; closer relationship with good friends); (3) lifestyle changes (subcategories: accepting God's destiny; striving for beauty and health; becoming absorbed in work and education).

Conclusions
Results showed that never-married women aged over 35 tried to adapt to sexual and emotional needs and lifestyle changes as proxies of singleness in various ways. It appears that these women adopted several strategies to cope with the lack of a spouse, children, or family life, these normally being developmental tasks characteristic of early adulthood.
Evaluation of carcass quality, body and pulmonary lesions detected at the abattoir in heavy pigs subjected or not to tail docking
Authors: Amatucci Laura , Luise Diana , Luppi Andrea , Virdis Sara , Prosperi Alice , Cirelli Agatha , Bosco Claudia , Trevisi Paolo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Nowadays, body and tail lesions and respiratory disease are some of the greatest problems affecting the health and welfare of pigs. The aim of the study was to measure the prevalence of pleurisy, bronchopneumonia (enzootic pneumonia like lesions) and lesions on tail and body of heavy pigs subjected or not to tail docking through the inspection in Italian abattoirs. Additionally, the effect of tail docking and season was investigated on carcass quality (weight, % of lean meat, and Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) classification). For this purpose, a total 17.256 carcasses belonging to 171 batches from 103 farms were inspected in an Italian abattoir between 2019 and 2022. Enzootic pneumonia (EP) like lesions were scored according to the Madec and Derrien method, while pleurisy was scored using the Italian Slaughterhouse pleuritic evaluation system (SPES). For the tail and body, the lesions were scored according to Welfare Quality. The lesion score index (LSI) was calculated for each area. Data were analysed using a general linear model (GLM) including tail caudectomy, season and distance of the farm from the abattoir.

Results
The warm season increased the percentage of lesions in carcasses in all parts of the body observed (P < 0.0001). The presence of undocked tail increased the LSI of the tail (P < 0.0001). The percentage of limbs lesions with score 2 and limbs LSI increase with increasing duration of transport (coef. = 0.003, P < 0.001; coef. = 0.008, P < 0.001; respectively). The hot carcass weight and the percentage of carcasses included in the PDO were higher in batches with docked tails (P = 0.027; P < 0.001, respectively), while the percentage of lean meat was higher in batches with undocked tails (P < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the percentage of carcasses included in PDO and the LSI of tail (r = − 0.422; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In conclusion, the presence of the undocked tail and the warm season can be considered risk factors for the prevalence of tail lesions, while long transport can increase limb lesions. Furthermore, the carcass weight and meat quality were negatively influenced by tail lesions.
Cellular niches for hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow under normal and malignant conditions
Authors: Omatsu Yoshiki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThroughout adult life, most lineages of blood cells, including immune cells, are generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow. HSCs are thought to require special microenvironments, termed niches, for their maintenance in the bone marrow; however, the identity of the HSC cellular niche has been a subject of long-standing debate. Although diverse candidates have been proposed so far, accumulated studies demonstrate that the bone marrow-specific population of fibroblastic reticular cells with long processes, termed CXC chemokine ligand 12-abundant reticular cells (which overlap strongly with leptin receptor-expressing cells), termed CAR/LepR+ cells, are the pivotal cellular component of niches for HSCs and lymphoid progenitors. Sinusoidal endothelial cells (ECs) are also important for hematopoietic homeostasis and regeneration. Hematopoiesis is altered dynamically by various stimuli such as inflammation, infection, and leukemia, all of which affect cellular niches and alter their function. Therefore, it is important to consider situations in which stimuli affect HSCs, either via direct interaction or indirectly via the hematopoietic niches. In this review, the dynamics of cellular niches in the steady state and disease are described, with a focus on CAR/LepR+ cells and ECs.
Sulfolane degrading bacteria from petrochemical plant: activated sludge enrichment, isolation and characterization
Authors: Wang Chun-Chin , Liang Chih-Ming , Liu Yi-Hong , Yang Chu-Fang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSulfolane is extensively used as an extractive solvent in sour-gas processing plants in the petrochemical industry. After repeated use, deteriorated sulfolane becomes corrosive and may leak into the environment to threaten aquatic and terrestrial organisms or cause shock loading of wastewater treatment systems. It is therefore important to remove sulfolane from the environment and maintain stable wastewater treatment efficiency. To address this issue, bioaugmentation provides a solution by adding specific microorganisms into the biological treatment system to speed up the contaminant degradation rate. Isolation of microbes capable of degrading target contaminant is key point. Understanding the physiological characteristics of isolated microbes is indispensable for subsequent successful applications. In this study, sulfolane degrading bacteria from the activated sludge of a petrochemical plant were enriched using 200–1000 mg L−1 sulfolane and then isolated. After confirming their sulfolane degrading ability, sulfolane biodegradation was then investigated under various pHs, sulfolane and sulfate concentrations. Enrichment could enhance the sulfolane degrading rate of the mixed culture from 3.9 to 7.1 times. Three strains (strain Y-a, Y-d and Y-f) capable of degrading sulfolane were isolated. The degrading microbes were identified as Cupriavidus sp. using 16S rDNA sequencing. Sulfolane concentration biodegraded by strain Cupriavidus sp. Y-d at pH of 7–9 was 1.40–1.45 times higher than that at pH of 6. The optimal pH for strain Cupriavidus sp. Y-d to degrade sulfolane was 8. When increasing the sulfolane concentration from 500 to 2000 mg L−1, the specific growth rate and specific substrate utilization rate increased from 0.19 to 0.48 d−1 and 0.48 to 0.59 d−1, respectively. Strain Cupriavidus sp. Y-d was capable of degrading 2000 mg L−1 sulfolane. Sulfate concentrations higher than 2511 mg L−1 had a negative effect on sulfolane biodegradation.
Phase II Study Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Savolitinib and Durvalumab in Metastatic Papillary Renal Cancer (CALYPSO)
Authors: Suárez Cristina , Larkin James M.G. , Patel Poulam , Valderrama Begoña P. , Rodriguez-Vida Alejo , Glen Hilary , Thistlethwaite Fiona , Ralph Christy , Srinivasan Gopalakrishnan , Mendez-Vidal Maria Jose , Hartmaier Ryan , Markovets Aleksandra , Prendergast Aaron , Szabados Bernadett , Mousa Kelly , Powles Thomas 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE Metastatic papillary renal cancer (PRC) has poor outcomes, and new treatments are required. There is a strong rationale for investigating mesenchymal epithelial transition receptor (MET) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibition in this disease. In this study, the combination of savolitinib (MET inhibitor) and durvalumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) is investigated. METHODS This single-arm phase II trial explored durvalumab (1,500 mg once every four weeks) and savolitinib (600 mg once daily; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02819596 ). Treatment-naïve or previously treated patients with metastatic PRC were included. A confirmed response rate (cRR) of > 50% was the primary end point. Progression-free survival, tolerability, and overall survival were secondary end points. Biomarkers were explored from archived tissue (MET-driven status). RESULTS Forty-one patients treated with advanced PRC were enrolled into this study and received at least one dose of study treatment. The majority of patients had Heng intermediate risk score (n = 26 [63%]). The cRR was 29% (n = 12; 95% CI, 16 to 46), and the trial therefore missed the primary end point. The cRR increased to 53% (95% CI, 28 to 77) in MET-driven patients (n/N = 9/27) and was 33% (95% CI, 17 to 54) in PD-L1–positive tumors (n/N = 9/27). The median progression-free survival was 4.9 months (95% CI, 2.5 to 10.0) in the treated population and 12.0 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 19.4) in MET-driven patients. The median overall survival was 14.1 months (95% CI, 7.3 to 30.7) in the treated population and 27.4 months (95% CI, 9.3 to not reached [NR]) in MET-driven patients. Grade 3 and above treatment related adverse events occurred in 17 (41%) patients. There was 1 grade 5 treatment-related adverse event (cerebral infarction). CONCLUSION The combination of savolitinib and durvalumab was tolerable and associated with high cRRs in the exploratory MET-driven subset.
Long-term Outcome of Body Composition, Ectopic Lipid, and Insulin Resistance Changes With Surgical Treatment of Acromegaly
Authors: Kuker Adriana P , Shen Wei , Jin Zhezhen , Chen Jun , Bruce Jeffrey N , Freda Pamela U 
Published: February 2023

AbstractContextAcromegaly presents a unique pattern of lower adiposity and insulin resistance in active disease but reduction in insulin resistance despite a rise in adiposity after surgery. Depot-specific adipose tissue masses and ectopic lipid are important predictors of insulin resistance in other populations, but whether they are in acromegaly is unknown. Long-term persistence of body composition changes after surgery is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine how depot-specific body composition and ectopic lipid relate to insulin resistance in active acromegaly and whether their changes with surgery are sustained long-term.MethodsCross-sectional study in patients with active acromegaly and longitudinal study in newly diagnosed patients studied before and in long-term follow-up, 3 (1-8) years (median, range), after surgery. Seventy-one patients with active acromegaly studied cross-sectionally and 28 with newly diagnosed acromegaly studied longitudinally. Main outcome measures were visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue masses by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging; intrahepatic lipid (IHL) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; insulin resistance measures derived from fasting; and oral glucose tolerance test insulin and glucose levels.ResultsSAT and insulin-like growth factor 1 level, but not VAT or IHL, were independent predictors of insulin resistance in active acromegaly. VAT, SAT, and IHL gains were sustained long-term after surgery. VAT mass rise with surgery correlated inversely with rise in QUICKI while SAT rise correlated with fall in the Homeostatic Model Assessment score.ConclusionSAT and disease activity are important predictors of insulin resistance in active acromegaly. Adiposity gains are sustained long-term after surgical treatment and impact on the accompanying improvement in insulin resistance.
A Multicenter Allelic Analysis of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis: Nature Versus Nurture?
Authors: Zervos Thomas M. , Jago Silvienne Sint , Erwood Matthew S. , Basheer Azam , Lee Ian Y. , Lubin Farah D. , Schultz Lonni , Walters Beverly C. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is an incompletely defined disease process with no known unifying pathophysiological mechanism.

OBJECTIVE:
To our knowledge, no genetic studies have been performed in a North American population. To summarize genetic findings from previous studies and to comprehensively test for these associations in a novel and diverse, multi-institutional population.

METHODS:
Cross-sectional, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed in 55 of 121 enrolled patients with DISH. Baseline demographic data were available on 100 patients. Based on allele selection from previous studies and related disease conditions, sequencing was performed on COL11A2, COL6A6, fibroblast growth factor 2 gene, LEMD3, TGFB1, and TLR1 genes and compared with global haplotype rates.

RESULTS:
Consistent with previous studies, older age (mean 71 years), male sex predominance (80%), a high frequency of type 2 diabetes (54%), and renal disease (17%) were observed. Unique findings included high rates of tobacco use (11% currently smoking, 55% former smoker), a higher predominance of cervical DISH (70%) relative to other locations (30%), and an especially high rate of type 2 diabetes in patients with DISH and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (100%) relative to DISH alone (100% vs 47%, P < .001). Compared with global allele rates, we found higher rates of SNPs in 5 of 9 tested genes (P < .05).

CONCLUSION:
We identified 5 SNPs in patients with DISH that occurred more frequently than a global reference. We also identified novel environmental associations. We hypothesize that DISH represents a heterogeneous condition with both multiple genetic and environmental influences.
Radiologists’ performance in reading digital breast tomosynthesis with and without synthesized views for cancer detection
Authors: Trieu Phuong Dung (Yun) , Noakes Jennie , Li Tong , Borecky Natacha , Brennan Patrick C , Barron Melissa L , Lewis Sarah J 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of radiologists and radiology trainees in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) alone vs DBT plus synthesized view (SV) for an understanding of the adequacy of DBT images to identify cancer lesions.

Methods:
Fifty-five observers (30 radiologists and 25 radiology trainees) participated in reading a set of 35 cases (15 cancer) with 28 readers reading DBT and 27 readers reading DBT plus SV. Two groups of readers had similar experience in interpreting mammograms. The performances of participants in each reading mode were compared with the ground truth and calculated in term of specificity, sensitivity, and ROC AUC. The cancer detection rate in various levels of breast density, lesion types and lesion sizes between ‘DBT’ and ‘DBT + SV’ were also analyzed. The difference in diagnostic accuracy of readers between two reading modes was assessed using Man–Whitney U test. p &lt; 0.05 indicated a significant result.

Results:
There was no significant difference in specificity (0.67-vs-0.65; p = 0.69), sensitivity (0.77-vs-0.71; p = 0.09), ROC AUC (0.77-vs-0.73; p = 0.19) of radiologists reading DBT plus SV compared with radiologists reading DBT. Similar result was found in radiology trainees with no significant difference in specificity (0.70-vs-0.63; p = 0.29), sensitivity (0.44-vs-0.55; p = 0.19), ROC AUC (0.59-vs-0.62; p = 0.60) between two reading modes. Radiologists and trainees obtained similar results in two reading modes for cancer detection rate with different levels of breast density, cancer types and sizes of lesions (p &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion:
Findings show that the diagnostic performances of radiologists and radiology trainees in DBT alone and DBT plus SV were equivalent in identifying cancer and normal cases.

Advances in knowledge:
DBT alone had equivalent diagnostic accuracy as DBT plus SV which could imply the consideration of using DBT as a sole modality without SV.
Stereotactic radiation therapy for oligometastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma: outcome and prognostic factors
Authors: Franceschini Davide , Teriaca Maria Ausilia , Di Cristina Luciana , Vernier Veronica , Lo Faro Lorenzo , Franzese Ciro , Comito Tiziana , Clerici Elena , Bellu Luisa , Dominici Luca , Spoto Ruggero , Massaro Maria , Navarria Piera , Scorsetti Marta 
Published: February 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical results and prognostic factors in a cohort of patient with oligometastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma treated with stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT). Methods: This retrospective study included patients affected by 1–3 metastases treated with SRT from 2013 to 2021. Local control (LC), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), time to polymetastatic dissemination (TTPD) and time to systemic therapy change/initiation (TTS) were evaluated. Results: Between 2013 and 2021, 55 patients were treated with SRT on 80 oligometastatic sites. Median follow-up was 20 months. Nine patients had local progression. 1 and 3 years LC was respectively 92 and 78%. 41 patients experienced further distant disease progression, median PFS was 9.6 months, 1 and 3 years PFS was respectively 40 and 15%. 34 patients died, median OS was 26.6 months, 1 and 3 years OS was respectively 78 and 40%. During follow-up, 24 patients changed or initiated a new systemic therapy; median TTS time was 9 months. 27 patients experienced poliprogression, 44% after 1 year and 52% after 3 years. Median TTPD was 8 months. The best local response (LR), tyming of metastases and PS were related with prolonged PFS on multivariate analysis. LR was correlated with OS at multivariate analysis. Conclusion: SRT represents a valid treatment for oligometastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. CR correlated with PFS and OS, while metachronous metastasis and a good PS correlated with a better PFS. Advances in knowledge: In selected gastroesopagheal oligometastatic patients, SRT can prolong OS Local response to SRT, metachronous timing of metastases and better PS improve PFS. Local response correlates with OS.
Clinical immunology
Authors: Beltyukov E.K. , Naumova V.V. , Smolenskaya O.G. 
Published: February 2023

Цели: овладение студентами необходимым объемом теоретических и практических знаний по клинической иммунологии, для освоения выпускниками компетенций в соответствии с ФГОС ВО специальности Лечебное дело и ФГОС ВО специальности Стоматология, с целью выполнения трудовых функций, требуемых профессиональным стандартом «Врач-лечебник (врач-терапевт участковый)» и профессиональным стандартом "Врач-стоматолог". Задачи: 1) Сформировать у студентов теоретическую базу современной иммунологии и аллергологии и понимание патофизиологических механизмов, лежащих в основе иммунопатологии. 2) Ознакомить студентов с основными нозологическими формами иммунопатологических заболеваний, методами иммунодиагностики, современными подходами к лечению. 3) Сформировать практический навык анализа клинической ситуации при подозрении на патологию иммунной системы у человека, формулирования клинического диагноза, разработки планов диагностики и лечения согласно выставленному диагнозу. 4) Ознакомить студентов с методами иммунопрофилактики, иммунореабилитации, работы с населением, направленной на сохранение и повышение уровня здоровья.
Improving the standard protocol for above-water reflectance measurements: 1. Estimating effective wind speed from angular variation of sunglint
Authors: Goyens Clémence , Ruddick Kevin 
Published: February 2023

The standard above-water protocol for measurement of water reflectance uses a measurement of wind speed to estimate the air–water interface reflectance factor and, thus, remove reflected skylight from upwelling radiance. This aerodynamic wind speed measurement may be a poor proxy for the local wave slope distribution in cases such as fetch-limited coastal and inland waters and/or where there are spatial or temporal differences between the wind speed measurement and the location of reflectance measurements. Here, an improved method is proposed, with a focus on sensors mounted on autonomous pan-tilt units and deployed on fixed platforms, replacing the aerodynamic wind speed measurement by optical measurements of angular variation of upwelling radiance. Using radiative transfer simulations, it is shown that the difference between two upwelling (i.e., water plus air–water interface) reflectances acquired at least 10° apart from each other in the solar principal plane is strongly and monotonically related to effective wind speed. The approach shows good performance in twin experiments using radiative transfer simulations. Limitations of the approach are identified, including difficulties for a very high Sun zenith angle (>60∘), very low wind speed (<2ms−1), and, potentially, cases in which nadir-pointing angles are limited by optical perturbations from the viewing platform.
Optical system design of a DMD–SHS combined modulation interference spectrometer
Authors: Wang Qiansheng , Luo Haiyan , Bai Yunfei , Ding Yi , Li Zhiwei , Xiong Wei 
Published: February 2023

Digital micromirror device (DMD) and spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) combined modulation interference spectroscopy (DMD–SHS) introduces a DMD for the secondary modulation of interferometric data to achieve a Hadamard transform. DMD–SHS can improve the performance index of the spectrometer in terms of the SNR, dynamic range, and spectral bandwidth, while retaining the advantages of a conventional SHS. The DMD–SHS optical system is more complex than a traditional SHS, which places more demands on the optical system’s spatial layout and the optical components’ performance. According to the DMD–SHS modulation mechanism, the functions of the main components were analyzed, and their design requirements were determined. Based on the potassium spectra detection, a DMD–SHS experimental device was designed. The potassium lamp and integrating sphere detection experiments demonstrated the detection capability of the DMD–SHS experimental device with a spectral resolution of 0.0327 nm and a spectral range of 763.66∼771.25nm, which thoroughly verified the feasibility of DMD and SHS combined modulation interference spectroscopy.