bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of blood pressure variability during acute care hospitalization and incident dementia
Authors: Ebinger Joseph E. , Driver Matthew P. , Botting Patrick , Wang Minhao , Cheng Susan , Tan Zaldy S. 
Published: February 2023

Background and objectivesRecognized as a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), blood pressure variability (BPV) could be leveraged to facilitate identification of at-risk individuals at a population level. Granular BPV data are available during acute care hospitalization periods for potentially high-risk patients, but the incident ADRD risk association with BPV measured in this setting is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the relation of BPV, measured during acute care hospitalization, and incidence of ADRD.MethodsWe retrospectively studied adults, without a prior ADRD diagnosis, who were admitted to a large quaternary care medical center in Southern California between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019. For all patients, determined BPV, calculated as variability independent of the mean (VIM), using blood pressure readings obtained as part of routine clinical care. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the association between BP VIM during hospitalization and the development of incident dementia, determined by new ICD-9/10 coding or the new prescription of dementia medication, occurring at least 2 years after the index hospitalization.ResultsOf 81,892 adults hospitalized without a prior ADRD diagnosis, 2,442 (2.98%) went on to develop ADRD (2.6 to 5.2 years after hospitalization). In multivariable-adjusted Cox models, both systolic (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.09) and diastolic (1.06, 1.02–1.10) VIM were associated with incident ADRD. In pre-specified stratified analyses, the VIM associations with incident ADRD were most pronounced in individuals over age 60 years and among those with renal disease or hypertension. Results were similar when repeated to include incident ADRD diagnoses made at least 1 or 3 years after index hospitalization.DiscussionWe found that measurements of BPV from acute care hospitalizations can be used to identify individuals at risk for developing a diagnosis of ADRD within approximately 5 years. Use of the readily accessible BPV measure may allow healthcare systems to risk stratify patients during periods of intense patient-provider interaction and, in turn, facilitate engagement in ADRD screening programs.
Myo-inositol supplementation improves cardiometabolic factors, anthropometric measures, and liver function in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Arefhosseini Sara , Roshanravan Neda , Tutunchi Helda , Rostami Somayyeh , Khoshbaten Manuchehr , Ebrahimi-Mameghani Mehrangiz 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome is closely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Myo-inositol (MI)—a 6-C sugar alcohol—with insulin-mimetic, anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties has exerted favorable effects on insulin resistance-related disorders and metabolic disease, while recent animal studies revealed its positive effects on liver function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MI supplementation on cardiometabolic factors, anthropometric measures, and liver function in obese patients with NAFLD.MethodsThis double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was carried out on 48 obese patients with NAFLD who were randomly assigned to either MI (4g/day) or placebo (maltodextrin 4g/day) along with dietary recommendations for 8 weeks. Glycemic indices, lipid profile, liver enzymes anthropometric measures, and blood pressure were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 3-day 24 h recall and analyzed by Nutritionist IV software. Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) was also estimated.ResultsAnthropometric measures decreased significantly in both groups, while the reduction in weight (p = 0.049) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006) in the MI group was significantly greater than in the placebo group after adjusting for baseline values and energy intake. Although energy and macronutrient intakes decreased significantly in both groups, between-group differences were not significant after adjusting for the potential confounders. MI supplementation led to a significant reduction in serum fasting insulin (p = 0.008) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.046). There were significant improvements in lipid profile, liver enzymes, and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio as well as serum ferritin level in the MI group, compared to the placebo group at the endpoint. By MI supplementation for eight weeks, 1 in 3 patients reduced one- grade in the severity of NAFLD.ConclusionMI supplementation could significantly improve IR, lipid profile, and liver function in patients with NAFLD. Further clinical trials with larger sample sizes, longer duration, different MI doses, and other inositol derivatives are recommended.
Formulation development of lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles of doxorubicin and its in-vitro, in-vivo and computational evaluation
Authors: Shafique Muhammad , Ur Rehman Maqsood , Kamal Zul , Alzhrani Rami M. , Alshehri Sameer , Alamri Ali H. , Bakkari Mohammed Ali , Sabei Fahad Y. , Safhi Awaji Y. , Mohammed Ahmed M. , Hamd Mohamed A. El , Almawash Saud 
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess the parameters of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNs) formulation development, and then the bioavailability of DOX were determined in the rabbit model, in order to evaluate the intrinsic outcome of dosage form improvement after the oral administration. LPHNs were prepared by combine approach, using both magnetic stirring and probe sonication followed by its characterization in terms of size-distribution (Zeta Size), entrapment efficiency (EE), loading capacity, and the kinetics of DOX. LPHNPs were further characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-Ray diffractometry (P-XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in vitro and in vivo studies. The molecular modeling was determined through the density functional theory (DFT) simulations and interactions. DOX loaded and unloaded LPHNs were administered orally to the rabbits for bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters determinations. The plasma concentration of DOX was determined through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The average size of DOX-loaded LPHNs was 121.90 ± 3.0 nm. The drug loading of DOX was 0.391% ± 0.01 of aqueous dispersion, where its encapsulation efficiency was 95.5% ± 1.39. After oral administration of the DOX-LPHNs, the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) improved about 2-folds comparatively (p &lt; 0.05). DFT simulations were used to understand the interactions of polymers with different sites of DOX molecule. The larger negative binding energies (−9.33 to −18.53 kcal/mol) of the different complexes evince that the polymers have stronger affinity to bind with the DOX molecule while the negative values shows that the process is spontaneous, and the synthesis of DOX-LPHNs is energetically favorable. It was concluded that DOX-LPHNs provides a promising new formulation that can enhance the oral bioavailability, which have optimized compatibilities and improve the pharmacokinetic of DOX after oral administration.
Sex and gender differences in the use of oral anticoagulants for non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A population-based cohort study in primary health care in catalonia
Authors: Giner-Soriano Maria , Prat-Vallverdú Oriol , Ouchi Dan , Vilaplana-Carnerero Carles , Morros Rosa 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To describe the sex and gender differences in the treatment initiation and in the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients initiating an oral anticoagulant (OAC), and the sex and gender differences in prescribed doses and adherence and persistence to the treatment of those receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC).Material and methods: Cohort study including patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who initiated OAC in 2011–2020. Data proceed from SIDIAP, Information System for Research in Primary Care, in Catalonia, Spain.Results: 123,250 people initiated OAC, 46.9% women and 53.1% men. Women were older and the clinical characteristics differed between genders. Women had higher risk of stroke than men at baseline, were more frequently underdosed with DOAC and discontinued the DOAC less frequently than men.Conclusion: We described the dose adequacy of patients receiving DOAC, finding a high frequency of underdosing, and significantly higher in women in comparison with men. Adherence was generally high, only with higher levels in women for rivaroxaban. Persistence during the first year of treatment was also high in general, being significantly more persistent women than men in the case of dabigatran and edoxaban. Dose inadequacy, lack of adherence and of persistence can result in less effective and safe treatments. It is necessary to conduct studies analysing sex and gender differences in health and disease.
In vivo measurement of attenuation coefficient of blood in a dorsal hand vein in a frequency range of 10–45 MHz: A preliminary study
Authors: Arakawa Mototaka , Higashiyama Kyohei , Mori Shohei , Yashiro Satoshi , Ishigaki Yasushi , Kanai Hiroshi 
Published: February 2023

In this study, the attenuation coefficient of blood was measured in vivo in the frequency range of 10–45 MHz. A procedure to correct the distribution of sound pressure in the measurements was discussed. Further, in vivo measurements were applied on the dorsal hand vein of four healthy subjects at rest and during avascularization. As a preliminary result, less variation of the measured attenuation coefficients was achieved by the proposed method. The comparable results of the inclination of the attenuation coefficients were obtained at rest and during avascularization. Furthermore, the attenuation coefficients during avascularization were markedly higher than those at rest, reflecting the degree of red blood cell aggregation promoted by avascularization. This method may aid in the non-invasive evaluation of blood properties reflecting the degree of red blood cell aggregation.
Functional characterization of SGLT1 using SSM-based electrophysiology: Kinetics of sugar binding and translocation
Authors: Bazzone Andre , Zerlotti Rocco , Barthmes Maria , Fertig Niels 
Published: February 2023

Beside the ongoing efforts to determine structural information, detailed functional studies on transporters are essential to entirely understand the underlying transport mechanisms. We recently found that solid supported membrane-based electrophysiology (SSME) enables the measurement of both sugar binding and transport in the Na+/sugar cotransporter SGLT1 (Bazzone et al, 2022a). Here, we continued with a detailed kinetic characterization of SGLT1 using SSME, determining KM and KDapp for different sugars, kobs values for sugar-induced conformational transitions and the effects of Na+, Li+, H+ and Cl− on sugar binding and transport. We found that the sugar-induced pre-steady-state (PSS) charge translocation varies with the bound ion (Na+, Li+, H+ or Cl−), but not with the sugar species, indicating that the conformational state upon sugar binding depends on the ion. Rate constants for the sugar-induced conformational transitions upon binding to the Na+-bound carrier range from 208 s−1 for D-glucose to 95 s−1 for 3-OMG. In the absence of Na+, rate constants are decreased, but all sugars bind to the empty carrier. From the steady-state transport current, we found a sequence for sugar specificity (Vmax/KM): D-glucose &gt; MDG &gt; D-galactose &gt; 3-OMG &gt; D-xylose. While KM differs 160-fold across tested substrates and plays a major role in substrate specificity, Vmax only varies by a factor of 1.9. Interestingly, D-glucose has the lowest Vmax across all tested substrates, indicating a rate limiting step in the sugar translocation pathway following the fast sugar-induced electrogenic conformational transition. SGLT1 specificity for D-glucose is achieved by optimizing two ratios: the sugar affinity of the empty carrier for D-glucose is similarly low as for all tested sugars (KD,Kapp = 210 mM). Affinity for D-glucose increases 14-fold (KD,Naapp = 15 mM) in the presence of sodium as a result of cooperativity. Apparent affinity for D-glucose during transport increases 8-fold (KM = 1.9 mM) compared to KD,Naapp due to optimized kinetics. In contrast, KM and KDapp values for 3-OMG and D-xylose are of similar magnitude. Based on our findings we propose an 11-state kinetic model, introducing a random binding order and intermediate states corresponding to the electrogenic transitions detected via SSME upon substrate binding.
Changing role of the amygdala in affective and cognitive traits between early and late adulthood
Authors: Doucet Gaelle E. , Kruse Jordanna A. , Hamlin Noah , Oleson Jacob J. , White Stuart F. 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionHealthy aging is typically associated with cognitive decline and lower negative affect. Previous studies have reported a significant and opposite role of the amygdala in relation to cognitive and affective processing in early adulthood. However, it remains unclear how aging impacts such relationships.MethodsSeventy-seven healthy participants including 40 young (mean age = 26.1 years) and 37 older (mean age = 61.8 years) adults completed a functional MRI Affective Stroop (AS) paradigm, a cognitive battery, and the state-trait anxiety inventory. The AS fMRI paradigm included “task trials,” where participants saw a positively, negatively or neutrally valenced distractor image, followed by a numerical display, followed by another distractor image. We extracted signal in both amygdalas during the AS Task and compared it across all conditions and age group. We further conducted moderation analyses to investigate the impact of aging on the relationship between amygdala activation and anxiety or cognitive variables, respectively.ResultsAt the behavioral level, older participants showed lower trait anxiety than the younger adults (p = 0.002). While overall slower during the AS task, older adults achieved comparable accuracy during the AS task, relative to the younger adults. At the brain level, we revealed a significant interaction between age group and trial types in amygdala activation (F = 4.9, p = 0.03), with the older group showing stronger activation during the most complex trials compared to the passive view trials. We further found that age significantly modulated the relationship between anxiety and the left amygdala activation during negative stimuli, where the younger adults showed a positive association while the older adults showed a negative association. Age also significantly modulated the relationship between verbal fluency and left amygdala activation during incongruent versus view trials, with the younger adults showing a negative association and the older adults showing a positive association.DiscussionThe current study suggests that the role of the amygdala on both emotional processing and cognitive traits changes between early and late adulthood.
A retrospective study of psychotropic drug treatments in bipolar disorder at acute and maintenance episodes
Authors: Jing Pan , Su Jianjun , Zheng Chengying , Mei Xi , Zhang Xiaobin 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) is predominantly treated with psychotropic drugs, but BD is a complex medical condition and the contribution of psychotropic drugs is not clear. The objectives of this study are: (1) to present psychotropic drugs used in patients with BD; (2) to access changes of psychotropic drug treatments in acute and maintenance episodes.MethodsThe study retrospectively evaluated the medical records of inpatients in the Ningbo Kangning Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. The medical history of each subject was collected completely, including sociodemographic (gender, age, marital status, and so on) and clinical characteristics at baseline and within 12 months of admission.ResultsThe study ultimately included 204 patients with BD. After 12 months, 73.0% of the patients still took drugs. Mood stabilizers (72–90%) and antipsychotics (77–95%) were still the most important drugs in patients with BD. Antidepressants (34–40%) and benzodiazepines (20–34%) were the other frequently used drug classes. For mood stabilizers, 40–56% of patients were prescribed lithium. For antipsychotic, 54–65% of patients were prescribed quetiapine. Sertraline (6–9%) and fluoxetine (5–9%) were the antidepressant that most frequently prescribed. Lorazepam (10–18%) was the most commonly used benzodiazepine. In psychotropic polypharmacy, the most frequently taken was mood stabilizer plus antipsychotic co-treatment, about 36–44% of all patients. A total of 35–48% of patients treated by two psychotropic drugs and 24–36% received three.ConclusionThe first 6 months after treatment is very important to medication adherence. Mood stabilizers and antipsychotic remained the primary treatment for BD. Antipsychotic is on the rise in the treatment of BD.
What motivated residents of Saudi Arabia to receive the COVID-19 vaccine?
Authors: Gray Jenny , AlAnazi Ahmed AlHumaidi , AlSumait Fahad , Abu-Shaheen Amani , Bashir Muhammad Salman , Al Sheef Mohammed 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundAcceptance of vaccination is a multifactorial issue. The unprecedented speed at which the COVID-19 disease spread globally has meant that people have had to face the idea of receiving novel vaccines for a novel disease.PurposeStudies conducted earlier in the pandemic had shown high vaccine hesitancy in Saudi Arabia, therefore we wanted to understand the motivating factors for people living in Saudi Arabia with regards to accepting the COVID-19 vaccine, our survey was conducted when the government had already mandated vaccination to enter public spaces. Saudi society is not particularly outspoken and therefore it was of special importance to the authors to explore the motivation behind COVID-19 vaccines.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional survey of 802 participants living in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was distributed to staff, visitors, and patients in a hospital in Saudi Arabia and via electronic means to the general population.ResultsA total of 521 (65%) of the respondents were women, and 281 (35%) were men. A total of 710 (88.5%) were Saudi, and 55 (6.9%) were non-Saudi. The majority of participants (496, 65.7%) stated that they registered for the vaccine as soon as it was available, with 185 (24.5%) stating that they registered when they were mandated to do so and 74 (9.8%) registered only when they felt cases were increasing. Most participants (316, 41%) stated that the main reason for taking the vaccine was one of a self-protective nature, followed by indirect vaccination (240, 31.1%), paternalistic reasons (157, 20.4%) and altruistic reasons (58, 7.5%).ConclusionsWith the increased burden on healthcare that is being faced by COVID-19, other resources need to be carefully allocated. This paper may aid the Saudi government in understanding the motivation for the population to take the vaccine and therefore facilitate any future vaccination campaigns to ensure the best utilization of resources.
Incidence and risk factors for postoperative nosocomial pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fractures: A single-center study
Authors: Tong Xiao , Ci Caizhe , Chen Jia , Sun Minghong , Zhao Hongbo , Wei Haiqiang , Yu Tieqiang , Wang Hui , Yang Weixin 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivePostoperative nosocomial pneumonia is a terrible complication, especially for elderly patients. This study attempts to investigate the incidence and risk factors for postoperative nosocomial pneumonia and its influence on hospitalization stay in elderly patients with hip fractures.MethodsThis study retrospectively retrieved hospitalization records of patients who presented a hip fracture and underwent surgeries in our institution between January 2014 and December 2021. Postoperative new-onset pneumonia was determined in accordance with discharge diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the associated risk factors with pneumonia, and its influence on total hospitalization stay or postoperative hospitalization stay was investigated by multivariate linear regression analyses.ResultsTotally, 808 patients were included, among whom 54 developed a pneumonia representing the incidence rate of 6.7% (95% CI, 5.0%–8.4%). Six factors were identified as independently associated with pneumonia, including advanced age (OR, 1.50 for each 10-year increment), history of chronic respiratory disease (OR, 4.61), preoperative DVT (OR, 3.51), preoperative delay to operation (OR, 1.07 for each day), surgical duration ≥120 min (OR, 4.03) and arthroplasty procedure (OR, 4,39). When adjusted for above confounders, pneumonia was significantly positively associated with total hospitalization stay (standardized coefficient, 0.110; p &lt; 0.001) and postoperative hospitalization stay (standardized coefficient, 0.139; p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThis study identified multiple factors associated with postoperative pneumonia and its influence on prolonging hospitalization stay, which would facilitate preventive targeted intervention into implementation for individuals with different risk profiles.
Case report: Xenotransfusion of canine lyophilized platelets for hemostasis in a feline patient with post-operative abdominal hemorrhage
Authors: Mannucci Elizabeth , Blong April , Zorn Chelsea , Walton Rebecca 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the management of post-operative abdominal hemorrhage with a xenotransfusion of canine lyophilized platelets in a feline patient.Case summaryA 9-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair presented for a spontaneous hemoabdomen secondary to hepatic amyloidosis. Clinically significant hemorrhage occurred in the perioperative and post-operative period and the patient received a massive transfusion and anti-fibrinolytic therapy in combination with a xenotransfusion of canine lyophilized platelets at 0.9 × 109 particles/kg and recombinant human factor VIIa (rhFVIIa). The combination of these interventions decreased transfusion requirements in this patient and the xenotransfusion was well tolerated with no acute or immediate transfusion reactions noted.New or unique information providedThis case report describes the xenotransfusion of canine lyophilized platelets in a feline patient with severe, non-compressible abdominal hemorrhage.