bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential developmental rates and demographics in Red Kangaroo (Osphranter rufus) populations separated by the dingo barrier fence
Authors: Mitchell D Rex , Cairns Stuart C , Körtner Gerhard , Bradshaw Corey J A , Saltré Frédérik , Weisbecker Vera 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Decommissioning the dingo barrier fence has been suggested to reduce destructive dingo control and encourage a free transfer of biota between environments in Australia. Yet the potential impacts that over a century of predator exclusion might have had on the population dynamics and developmental biology of prey populations has not been assessed. We here combine demographic data and both linear and geometric morphometrics to assess differences in populations among 166 red kangaroos (Osphranter rufus)—a primary prey species of the dingo—from two isolated populations on either side of the fence. We also quantified the differences in aboveground vegetation biomass for the last 10 years on either side of the fence. We found that the age structure and growth patterns, but not cranial shape, differed between the two kangaroo populations. In the population living with a higher density of dingoes, there were relatively fewer females and juveniles. These individuals were larger for a given age, despite what seems to be lower vegetation biomass. However, how much of this biomass represented kangaroo forage is uncertain and requires further on-site assessments. We also identified unexpected differences in the ontogenetic trajectories in relative pes length between the sexes for the whole sample, possibly associated with male competition or differential weight-bearing mechanics. We discuss potential mechanisms behind our findings and suggest that the impacts of contrasting predation pressures across the fence, for red kangaroos and other species, merit further investigation.
The resolution of professional tennis disputes
Authors: Bantekas Ilias 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The regulatory landscape of professional tennis is scattered across several entities, each administering its own tournaments. This article focuses on disputes involving professional tennis players. In this context, it identifies two major areas of disputes, namely regulatory (encompassing disciplinary, doping and corruption offences) and contractual. The latter are chiefly resolved through litigation. Regulatory disputes are administered through distinct judicial and quasi-judicial institutions set up by the various tennis entities. The International Tennis Federation’s (ITF) international adjudication panel and its independent tribunal are the key institutions in this respect, with the independent tribunal possessing all the attributes of arbitral tribunals. The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) has been conferred a limited appellate jurisdiction over decisions of these two entities. Overall, the ITF’s dispute resolution architecture has been effective and has created a significant body of precedent, further supplemented by that of the CAS.
Global Neurosurgery Advances From Trenches to Bedside: Lessons From Neurosurgical Care in War, Humanitarian Assistance, and Disaster Response
Authors: Asfaw Zerubabbel K , Greisman Jacob D , Comuniello Briana , Shlobin Nathan A , Etienne Mill , Zuckerman Scott L , Laeke Tsegazeab , Al-Sharshahi Zahraa F , Barthélemy Ernest J 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
War has influenced the evolution of global neurosurgery throughout the past century. Armed conflict and mass casualty disasters (MCDs), including Humanitarian Assistance Disaster Relief missions, require military surgeons to innovate to meet extreme demands. However, the military medical apparatus is seldom integrated into the civilian health care sector. Neurosurgeons serving in the military have provided a pragmatic template for global neurosurgeons to emulate in humanitarian disaster responses. In this paper, we explore how wars and MCD have influenced innovations of growing interest in the resource-limited settings of global neurosurgery.

Methods
We performed a narrative review of the literature examining the influence of wars and MCD on contemporary global neurosurgery practices.

Results
Wartime innovations that influenced global neurosurgery include the development of triage systems and modernization with airlifts, the implementation of ambulance corps, early operation on cranial injuries in hospital camps near the battlefield, the use of combat body armor, and the rise of damage control neurosurgery. In addition to promoting task-shifting and task-sharing, workforce shortages during wars and disasters contributed to the establishment of the physician assistant/physician associate profession in the USA. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face similar challenges in developing trauma systems and obtaining advanced technology, including neurosurgical equipment like battery-powered computed tomography scanners. These challenges—ubiquitous in low-resource settings—have underpinned innovations in triage and wound care, rapid evacuation to tertiary care centers, and minimizing infection risk.

Conclusion
War and MCDs have catalyzed significant advancements in neurosurgical care both in the pre-hospital and inpatient settings. Most of these innovations originated in the military and subsequently spread to the civilian sector as military neurosurgeons and reservist civilian neurosurgeons returned from the battlefront or other low-resource locations. Military neurosurgeons have utilized their experience in low-resource settings to make volunteer global neurosurgery efforts in LMICs successful. LMICs have, by necessity, responded to challenges arising from resource shortages by developing innovative, context-specific care paradigms and technologies.
Correlates of the Veterans Visiting Emergency Departments in Taiwan: A Comparison Before and After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Lin Pei-Ying , Lee Yen-Han , Wang Ren-Siang , Chen Tze-Yin , Li Yi-Jing , Wu Yu-Hsuan , Hsu Teh-Fu , Chang Yen-Chang 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Taiwan has a substantial number of veterans, but knowledge regarding their emergency department (ED) visits during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains limited. This study examined the characteristics of veterans’ ED visits during Taiwan’s COVID-19 epidemic.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the ED of a large veteran medical center located in Taipei, Taiwan, from May 2018 to October 2021. We analyzed the numbers and features of visits in summer and autumn according to the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Taiwan in 2021.

Results
Medical institutions were positively associated with veteran status. Emergency department complaints of trauma (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.25; summer P &lt; .01) and chest pain/tightness (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.45-1.87; summer P &lt; .01; AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.26-1.55; P &lt; .01) were associated with increased odds of being a veteran. Triage levels above 2 were positively associated with veteran status in the autumn model (AOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07-1.22; P &lt; .01). Patients hospitalized after ED visits were associated with reduced odds of veteran status (P &lt; .01). Those who spent a long time in the ED were more likely to be veterans than those who spent a shorter time in the ED (P &lt; .01). Veterans were less likely to visit the ED regardless of the time frame of the study period (P &lt; .01), except during the COVID-19 outbreak in the autumn (2019-2020).

Conclusions
The distinctions in ED visits highlighted the individuality of veterans’ medical needs. Our findings suggest that the veteran medical system can add to the focus on improving senior-friendly care, fall prevention, quality of life of institutionalized veterans, access for homeless veterans, and care for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions.
Dark matter profiles of SPARC galaxies: a challenge to fuzzy dark matter
Authors: Khelashvili M , Rudakovskyi A , Hossenfelder S 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Stellar and gas kinematics of galaxies are a sensitive probe of the dark matter distribution in the halo. The popular fuzzy dark matter models predict the peculiar shape of density distribution in galaxies: specific dense core with sharp transition to the halo. Moreover, fuzzy dark matter predicts scaling relations between the dark matter particle mass and density parameters. In this work, we use a Bayesian framework and several dark matter halo models to analyse the stellar kinematics of galaxies using the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves data base. We then employ a Bayesian model comparison to select the best halo density model. We find that more than half of the galaxies prefer the fuzzy dark model against standard dark matter profiles (NFW, Burkert, and cored NFW). While this seems like a success for fuzzy dark matter, we also find that there is no single value for the particle mass that provides a good fit for all galaxies.
A photometric study of centaurs 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann and (2060) Chiron
Authors: Betzler Alberto S 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
This study presents the analysis of forced photometry data in the o and c filters of centaurs 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann and (2060) Chiron obtained by the ATLAS network between 2015 and 2022. Centaur 29P had 24 outbursts with a median peak brightness of −3.0 and a range of −3.7 mag, regardless of spectral band. Some of these outbursts exhibited an asymmetric light curve with respect to peak brightness, with brightness decreases ranging from −0.22 to −7.6 mag h−1 and durations from 2.8 min to 1.4 d. The slope m of the photometric profile of the coma after/before and during an outburst was ≤1 and &gt;1, respectively, reflecting an increase in brightness at the optocenter of the object. Without the outbursts, 29P has an absolute magnitudes H0 of 9.3 ± 0.2 and 9.10 ± 0.01 in the c and o filters, respectively, and activity indices of n = 11.56 ± 0.08 and 2.1 ± 0.1. Using the Lomb–Scargle periodogram, a periodicity of 0.97 d was found in the c magnitudes after perihelion, probably related to nuclear rotation. The absolute magnitude of Chiron in the HG1G2 system in the o filter is nearly constant between 2017 and 2020, with a weighted mean of 5.35 ± 0.03. In 2021, the brightness increases to H = 4.54 ± 0.03 and decreases to 5.04 ± 0.04 in 2022. This increase in 2021 is not due to outbursts that did not occur during the entire observing campaign, but is related to the increase in opposition effect.
Regulation of T7 gp2.5 binding dynamics by its C-terminal tail, template conformation and sequence
Authors: Xu Longfu , Cabanas-Danés Jordi , Halma Matthew T J , Heller Iddo , Stratmann Sarah A , van Oijen Antoine M , Lee Seung-Joo , Peterman Erwin J G , Wuite Gijs J L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Bacteriophage T7 single-stranded DNA-binding protein (gp2.5) binds to and protects transiently exposed regions of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) while dynamically interacting with other proteins of the replication complex. We directly visualize fluorescently labelled T7 gp2.5 binding to ssDNA at the single-molecule level. Upon binding, T7 gp2.5 reduces the contour length of ssDNA by stacking nucleotides in a force-dependent manner, suggesting T7 gp2.5 suppresses the formation of secondary structure. Next, we investigate the binding dynamics of T7 gp2.5 and a deletion mutant lacking 21 C-terminal residues (gp2.5-Δ21C) under various template tensions. Our results show that the base sequence of the DNA molecule, ssDNA conformation induced by template tension, and the acidic terminal domain from T7 gp2.5 significantly impact on the DNA binding parameters of T7 gp2.5. Moreover, we uncover a unique template-catalyzed recycling behaviour of T7 gp2.5, resulting in an apparent cooperative binding to ssDNA, facilitating efficient spatial redistribution of T7 gp2.5 during the synthesis of successive Okazaki fragments. Overall, our findings reveal an efficient binding mechanism that prevents the formation of secondary structures by enabling T7 gp2.5 to rapidly rebind to nearby exposed ssDNA regions, during lagging strand DNA synthesis.
Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Pediatric Patients: Uncovering a Rural Health Challenge
Authors: Whittington Kyle J , Malone Sara M , Hogan Patrick G , Ahmed Faria , Flowers JessieAnn , Milburn Grace , Morelli John J , Newland Jason G , Fritz Stephanie A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia poses significant risk for morbidity and mortality. This may be exacerbated in rural populations facing unique health challenges.

Methods
To investigate factors influencing S. aureus bacteremia outcomes, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of children admitted to St. Louis Children's Hospital (SLCH) from 2011 to 2019. Exposures included rurality (defined by the Rural-Urban Continuum Code), Area Deprivation Index, and outside hospital (OSH) admission before SLCH admission. The primary outcome was treatment failure, a composite of 90-day all-cause mortality and hospital readmission.

Results
Of 251 patients, 69 (27%) were from rural areas; 28 (11%) were initially admitted to an OSH. Treatment failure occurred in 39 (16%) patients. Patients from rural areas were more likely to be infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (45%) vs urban children (29%; P = .02). Children initially admitted to an OSH, vs those presenting directly to SLCH, were more likely to require intensive care unit–level (ICU) care (57% vs 29%; P = .002), have an endovascular source of infection (32% vs 12%; P = .004), have a longer duration of illness before hospital presentation (4.1 vs 3.0 days; P = .04), and have delayed initiation of targeted antibiotic therapy (3.9 vs 2.6 days; P = .01). Multivariable analysis revealed rural residence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1–5.0), comorbidities (aOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3–6.2), and ICU admission (aOR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.9–8.3) as predictors of treatment failure.

Conclusions
Children from rural areas face barriers to specialized health care. These challenges may contribute to severe illness and worse outcomes among children with S. aureus bacteremia.
Place of Death for Israeli Cancer Patients Over a 20-Year Period: Reducing Hospital Deaths, but Barriers Remain
Authors: Shalev Many Yuval , Shvartzman Pesach , Wolf Ido , Silverman Barbara G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. While the main focus of palliative care (PC) is quality of life, the elements that comprise the quality of death are often overlooked. Dying at home, with home-hospice-care (HHC) support, rather than in-hospital, may increase patient satisfaction and decrease the use of invasive measures. We examined clinical and demographic characteristics associated with out-of-hospital death among patients with cancer, which serves as a proxy measure for HHC deaths.

Methods
Using death certification data from the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, we analyzed 209,158 cancer deaths between 1998 and 2018 in Israel including demographic information, cause of death, and place of death (POD). A multiple logistic regression model was constructed to identify factors associated with out-of-hospital cancer deaths.

Results
Between 1998 and 2018, 69.1% of cancer deaths occurred in-hospital, and 30.8% out-of-hospital. Out-of-hospital deaths increased by 1% annually during the study period. Older patients and those dying of solid malignancies were more likely to die out-of-hospital (OR = 2.65, OR = 1.93, respectively). Likelihood of dying out-of-hospital varied with area of residency; patients living in the Southern district were more likely than those in the Jerusalem district to die out-of-hospital (OR = 2.37).

Conclusion
The proportion of cancer deaths occurring out-of-hospital increased during the study period. We identified clinical and demographic factors associated with POD. Differences between geographical areas probably stem from disparity in the distribution of PC services and highlight the need for increasing access to primary EOL care. However, differences in age and tumor type probably reflect cultural changes and suggest focusing on educating patients, families, and physicians on the benefits of PC.
A Phase I Trial of the Dual MET Kinase/OCT-2 Inhibitor OMO-1 in Metastatic Solid Malignancies Including MET Exon 14 Mutated Lung Cancer
Authors: Pruis Melinda A , Krebs Matthew G , Plummer Ruth , De Vos Filip , Angevin Eric , Prenen Hans , Forster Martin D , Clack Glen , Van der Aa Annegret , Tjwa Marc , Jansen Ellen , Perera Timothy , Lolkema Martijn P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) exon 14 skipping mutations (METex14) and MET amplifications has improved patients’ outcomes. The development of more potent MET kinase inhibitors could further benefit these patients. The aim of this trial is to determine the safety and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of OMO-1 (an oral dual MET kinase/OCT-2 inhibitor) and to assess preliminary clinical efficacy in METex14-positive NSCLC and other MET-positive solid tumors.

Materials and Methods
This was a first-in-patient, open-label, multicenter study of OMO-1 in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid malignancies. A standard 3 + 3 dose escalation design was utilized starting at a dose level of 100 mg BID continuously. Preliminary efficacy was investigated in patients with METex14-positive NSCLC, and MET amplified NSCLC and other solid tumors (MET basket).

Results
In the dose-escalation part, 24 patients were included in 5 dose levels ranging from 100 mg twice daily (BID) to 400 mg BID. Most common adverse events (≥ 20%) were nausea, fatigue, vomiting, increased blood creatinine, and headache. The RP2D was determined at 250 mg BID. In the expansion cohorts, 15 patients were included (10 in METex14-positive NSCLC cohort and 5 in MET basket cohort) and received either 200 or 250 mg BID. Eight out of the 10 patients with METex14 positive NSCLC had stable disease as the best response.

Conclusion
OMO-1 was tolerated at the dose of 250 mg BID and shows initial signs of MET inhibition and anti-tumor activity in METex14 mutated NSCLC patients.
The Decline of the Traditional Model of European Constitutional Jurisdiction
Authors: Requejo Pagés Juan Luis 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The comparative study of the legal orders examined in this text proves that there is a genuinely European type of constitutional jurisdiction. Its specific task is to review statutes under privileged conditions. However, constitutional courts are beginning to see themselves as dysfunctional institutions: increasingly, they appear to be an obstacle to the proper functioning of legal orders, which no longer can be solely understood by means of the categories of validity and nullity and are no longer strictly hierarchical and constitution-centred. In another paradox of the history of the European integration process, it is possible that the constitutional courts will find a new raison d’être in EU law, since Article 4 para 2 TEU logically presupposes the participation of national communication partners that, together with the ECJ, bring the concept of ‘national identity’ to life. Thus, constitutional courts are required to play a crucial role in this open and permanent process of loyal judicial cooperation.
Leaf starch metabolism sets the phase of stomatal rhythm
Authors: Westgeest Adrianus J , Dauzat Myriam , Simonneau Thierry , Pantin Florent 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In leaves of C3 and C4 plants, stomata open during the day to favor CO2 entry for photosynthesis and close at night to prevent inefficient transpiration of water vapor. The circadian clock paces rhythmic stomatal movements throughout the diel (24–h) cycle. Leaf transitory starch is also thought to regulate the diel stomatal movements, yet the underlying mechanisms across time (key moments) and space (relevant leaf tissues) remain elusive. Here, we developed PhenoLeaks, a pipeline to analyze the diel dynamics of transpiration, and used it to screen a series of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants impaired in starch metabolism. We detected a sinusoidal, endogenous rhythm of transpiration that overarches days and nights. We determined that a number of severe mutations in starch metabolism affect the endogenous rhythm through a phase shift, resulting in delayed stomatal movements throughout the daytime and diminished stomatal preopening during the night. Nevertheless, analysis of tissue-specific mutations revealed that neither guard-cell nor mesophyll-cell starch metabolisms are strictly required for normal diel patterns of transpiration. We propose that leaf starch influences the timing of transpiration rhythm through an interplay between the circadian clock and sugars across tissues, while the energetic effect of starch-derived sugars is usually nonlimiting for endogenous stomatal movements.
Validity, Reliability, and Measurement Error of the Remote Fugl-Meyer Assessment by Videoconferencing: Tele-FMA
Authors: Liz Larissa , da Silva Tayara Gaspar , Michaelsen Stella Maris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability, and measurement error of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) when it was remotely administered by videoconferencing (Tele-FMA) and to describe barriers to remote administration of the FMA.

Methods
Forty-five participants who had strokes and had a smartphone or laptop computer with a camera and internet access were included. An in-person assessment was compared with a remote assessment in 11 participants, and 34 participants completed only the remote assessment. Rater 1 (R1) remotely administered, recorded, and scored the items of the FMA, after which the recording was forwarded to be scored by Rater 2. At least 7 days later, R1 rated the videorecording of the remote assessment a second time for the evaluation of intrarater reliability. In-person assessment was completed by R1 at the participant’s home. Criterion validity was analyzed using the Bland–Altman limits of agreement, and convergent validity was analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient. The intrarater and interrater reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient, and individual items were analyzed using the weighted kappa. The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were calculated to evaluate the measurement error.

Results
Bland–Altman plots showed adequate agreement of in-person FMA and tele-FMA. A moderate positive correlation was found between Tele-FMA lower extremity (LE) scores and step test results, and a strong positive correlation was found between Tele-FMA-upper extremity (UE) and Stroke Impact Scale hand function domain. Significant and excellent (0.96 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.99) interrater and intrarater reliabilities of the Tele-FMA, Tele-FMA-UE, and tele-FMA-LE were found. Regarding the individual items, most showed excellent reliability (weighted kappa &gt; 0.70). The standard error of measurement for both reliabilities was small (≤3.1 points). The minimal detectable change with 95% CI for both the Tele-FMA and Tele-FMA-UE was 2.5 points, whereas it was 1.3 points for the Tele-FMA-LE.

Conclusion
Tele-FMA has excellent intrarater and interrater reliability and should be considered as a valid measurement.

Impact
The FMA is widely used in clinical practice. However, the measurement properties of the remote version applied by videoconferencing were unknown. This study’s results demonstrate the validity and reliability of the Tele-FMA for assessing poststroke motor impairment remotely via videoconferencing. The Tele-FMA may be used to implement telerehabilitation in clinical practice.