bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Use of RPMI Medium to Preserve Cell Morphology for Pleural/Peritoneal Fluid Cytology
Authors: Rani Usha , Singh Meeta , Saith Armaan , Jain Shayama L. , Aggarwal Anurag , Aggarwal Sunita 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Cytologic evaluation is the best way to detect the presence of malignancy in body cavity fluids. Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium or RPMI 1640 is used in cell culture, tissue culture, and also to improve the cellularity and morphology of CSF cytology specimens.

Objectives:
To determine whether RPMI medium can be used to preserve cell morphology in pleural/peritoneal effusion samples.

Method and Material:
The study was conducted on 30 pleural/peritoneal fluid samples received routinely during 2 months for diagnostic purposes in our department. The samples were divided into four parts. One-fourth of the sample was directly refrigerated and the other fourth was at room temperature. In the other two parts, an equal volume of RPMI media was added, and one was kept at room temperature and the other refrigerated. These cytospin-prepared Giemsa-stained smears were examined for cell morphology, cellularity, and occurrence of bacterial colonies at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 1 week, respectively.

Result:
Refrigerated RPMI medium is the best preservative for pleural/peritoneal samples; however, samples with RPMI at room temperature were equivalent/even worse than the simple refrigerated sample.
Intraoperative Sentinel Lymph Node Imprint Cytology Diagnosis in Breast Cancer Patients by General Surgical Pathologists
Authors: Chang Yi-Chin , Tzen Chi-Yuan 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is the standard of care for breast cancer (BC) patient staging. The axillary node status can be evaluated by frozen section (FS) or imprint cytology (IC). Despite the major disadvantages of tissue loss and freezing artifact in FS, many pathologists consider SLN IC a more difficult task requiring special expertise and prefer FS to IC.

Aims:
To conduct a large cohort study to evaluate the results of intraoperative SLN IC, compare them with those of FS and permanent section (PS), and determine the best method for general pathologists.

Settings and Design:
A very large cohort study with many pathologists engaged was designed and the diagnostic results were compared.

Materials and Methods:
With 12 pathologists engaged, we conducted the largest patient cohort study of SLN IC to date, including 4,327 consecutive BC patients undergoing SLN biopsy during the past 15 years. The touch imprints were stained using three different methods and evaluated. The PS was used as the gold standard for evaluation.

Statistical Analysis:
The false positivity, false negativity, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the IC and FS for each pathologist were evaluated and compared.

Results:
Our results showed an overall sensitivity of 82.7%, specificity of 99.3%, and an accuracy rate of 95.9% for SLN IC, which were comparable to those of FS. The accuracy rate did not correlate with the length of working experience and the staining method.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained IC preparation was found to be the best SLN examination method for general pathologists.
The effect of breastfeeding on children's growth indices up to 6 months: An application of multivariate t linear mixed model
Authors: Moradi Maryam , Angali Kambiz Ahmadi , Behzadi Mohammad Hassan , Farnoosh Rahman 
Published: April 2023

Background:
This study aimed to determine the effect of breastfeeding on children's growth indices.

Materials and Methods:
Longitudinal data of children's growth (height, weight, and head circumference) were as a dependent variable and type of nutrition as an independent variable with using multivariate t linear mixed model.

Results:
The indicated that the height, weight, and head circumference of infants who were fed with breast milk showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) with those of infants receiving formula.

Conclusion:
Exclusive feeding with breast milk, especially in the first 6 months of life, has a significant impact on the child's growth indicators compared to formula or, or a combination of both.
The effect of depression on cognitive decline among Korean retirees
Authors: Hwang In Cheol , Ahn Hong Yup 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Little information is available on the characteristics of cognitive ability among retirees. This study aimed to identify factors associated with cognitive impairment among Korean retirees.

Materials and Methods:
We used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing survey. A total of 1755 retirees aged 45 years or older who had normal cognition were followed up for 12 years to identify cognitive impairment. Stepwise multivariate logistic models were used to assess odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cognitive decline.

Results:
Well-known risk factors, such as age (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06–1.09), female sex (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.08–2.04), low education (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.91–3.14), and depressive mood (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.16–1.97), remained significantly associated with cognitive decline. Sex-stratified analysis revealed that depressive mood was significantly associated with cognitive decline in male retirees only (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.31–2.75).

Conclusion:
Our finding indicates that screening male retirees for depressive mood is required to retard cognitive aging.
Quality and Appropriateness of Uro-surgical Referrals at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ojewola Rufus Wale , Tijani Kehinde Habeeb , Hassan Jamiu Oyedele , Okeke Chike John , Akinyemi Opeoluwa Jesuyemi 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
An effective referral system is crucial for a high-quality health system that provides safe medical care.

Aim and Objectives:
This study aimed at evaluating the appropriateness and adequacies of information in the referral letters of patients.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study of referral letters of all new patients in the urology clinic. Information retrieved was socio-demographic characteristics, source of referral and presence or absence of important information in their letters. We compared the information provided to the new history taken to determine the appropriateness and adequacy using different domains of medical history. Referrals were adjudged appropriate if the diagnosis is urologic, while any referral lacking relevant information is adjudged inadequate. The results were displayed using the simple proportions in tables and charts.

Results:
A total of 1188 referrals were reviewed. There were 997 (83.9%) males and 191 (16.1%) females. Referrals from private hospitals were the most common in 627 (52.8%) cases. Of all new referrals, 1165 (98.1%) were adjudged to be appropriate, while 23 (1.9%) were inappropriately referred. Referrals from teaching hospitals had higher proportions of good-quality referrals than those from primary healthcare and private centres. The most common deficiencies were the lack of documentation of relevant examination findings (37.8%) and provisional diagnosis (21.4%). The majority, 956 (80.5%), of letters were narrative in nature, whereas 232 (19.5%) were structured. Structured letters were found to be more informative.

Conclusion:
A significant percentage of referral letters lacked completeness in many key areas. We recommend the use of structured forms or template letters to improve the quality of referrals.
Bilateral optic disc edema and serous retinal detachment as initial ocular manifestations of systemic lymphoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wu Chi-Yeh , Chen Chun-Chen , Liou Shiow-Wen , Yen Ju-Chuan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This report describes a unique case of systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with initial ocular manifestations of bilateral optic disc edema and serous retinal detachment (SRD). A 29-year-old man presented with altered color vision in the left eye, mild fever, weakness, and headache, followed by bilaterally reduced visual acuity. Anterior segment and vitreous examinations showed no inflammation with sluggish response of light reflex. His fundus examination revealed bilateral multiple SRDs and optic disc swelling with choroidal thickening. On fluorescein angiography, pinpoint hyperfluorescence, associated dye pooling, and optic disc staining with leakage were found bilaterally. Laboratory studies revealed elevated C-reactive protein and mild leukocytosis with neutrophil predominance. He was provisionally diagnosed with probable Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome and received methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Five days later, his systemic condition deteriorated following initial ocular symptom improvement. Whole-body computerized tomography revealed clustered lymphadenopathies, which were interpreted as DLBCL after lymph node biopsy. His ocular condition improved after DLBCL chemotherapy. We hope to promote early recognition with appropriate workups through this case and literature review.
Les formes d’intégration agriculture-élevage. Le cas des systèmes de polyculture-élevage bovin laitier de la plaine de la Mitidja – Algérie
Authors: Laribi Sabria , Boutonnet Jean-pierre , Brabez Fatima , Adem Rachid , Kheffache Hamida 
Published: April 2023

Cette étude a pour objectif de mesurer le niveau d’intégration agriculture-élevage bovin lait au sein des différents systèmes de culture dans la plaine de la Mitidja. Un premier travail de terrain a été effectué en 2014 dans la wilaya de Blida (Mitidja-centre) auprés de 75 éleveurs de bovins laitiers pour caractériser les types d’intégration par le biais des flux échangés entre l’élevage bovin laitier et les autres cultures des exploitations. En second lieu, une enquête plus approfondie auprès de 30 éleveurs a été réalisée en 2017, pour calculer le niveau d‘intégration selon la contribution de chaque catégorie d’aliment dans les apports alimentaires fournis au bétail. Nous montrons que l’élevage bovin est très intégré au marché international avec un taux de 45%, par le recours aux aliments concentrés. L’intégration de l’élevage aux ressources fourragères produites au sein des exploitations laitières représente 29% des apports. Ce faible niveau d’intégration est expliqué par les difficultés d’accès aux ressources (terre et eau) pour produire des fourrages verts au sein des exploitations laitières, qui sont concurrencées par le maraichage et l’arboriculture. L’intégration de voisinage par le biais du fauchage des herbes spontanées, le pâturage sur les jachères et les chaumes des céréales et la distribution des sous-produits des cultures maraichères est faible. Elle est de 16% du total des apports. L’intégration de l’élevage au marché national pour l’achat des aliments grossiers représente 10% des apports.
The aim of this study work is to measure the level of integration between crop and dairy farming in the various farming systems in the Mitidja plain. A field research was carried out in 2014 in the wilaya of Blida (Central Mitidja) among 75 dairy cattle farmers in a first passage. This first step aims to characterize the types of integration through the flows exchanged between crops and livestock systems. In the second step, a further investigation was carried out with 30 farmers, in 2017, to calculate the level of integration according to the contribution of each feedstuff in livestock feed intake. The results show that cattle farming is more integrated into the world market at a rate of 45% through imported concentrate. On the other hand, the integration of livestock with fodder resources, produced on dairy farms, represents 29% of feed intakes. This low level of integration can be explained by the difficulties of access to the resources (land and water) to produce green fodder on dairy farms, which are competing with more profitable crops, mainly orchards. Neighbourhood integration through the mowing of spontaneous grass, grazing on fallow land and cereal stubble and the distribution of by-products from grain crops is weak (16% of the total intake). The integration of livestock within the national market through the purchase of hay and straw accounts for 10% of total intake.
Management control, for better performance of public management-case study of healthcare facilities in Algeria
Authors: Lechab Safa , Hamdi Pacha Nadia 
Published: April 2023

The objective of this work is to empirically show the active role of the management control performance variable, in improving management performance at public healthcare facilities. The determination of the levers on which management controllers can act to maximize the performance of this process, is also discussed. The results indicate the existence of a significant direct link between the performance of management control and that of managers of public health establishments. They also suggest interesting elements for practitioners, particularly as regards the levers to prioritize, to maximize management control performance and thus that of public managers. It turns out that the levers of the technical dimension are the most decisive for the sample of this study.
L'objectif de ce travail est de montrer empiriquement le rôle actif de la variable "performance du contrôle de gestion", dans l'amélioration de la performance de gestion des établissements publics de santé. La détermination des leviers sur lesquels les contrôleurs de gestion peuvent agir pour maximiser la performance de ce processus, est également abordée. Les résultats indiquent l'existence d'un lien direct significatif entre la performance du contrôle de gestion et celle des responsables des établissements publics de santé. Ils suggèrent également des éléments intéressants pour les praticiens, notamment en ce qui concerne les leviers à prioriser pour maximiser la performance du contrôle de gestion et donc celle des managers du secteur public. Il s'avère que les leviers de la dimension technique sont les plus déterminants pour l'échantillon de cette étude.
The Relative Quantification of Hedgehog Signalling Components of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepg-2) Cells Treated With Sorghum bicolor Leaf Stalk Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Adewole A. R. , Tiamiyu A. O. , Minari J. B. , Okpuzor J. E. 
Published: April 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer. Patients with advanced HCC have a dismal prognosis due to the limited therapy choices available. Hence, this present study evaluates the cytotoxic potential of the ethanolic crude extract of Sorghum bicolor leaf stalk (SBELSE) against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2) cell line, and its effect in the expression of its Hh signaling component-GLI1 and PTCH. The leaf stalk of Sorghum bicolor (SB) was pulverized and extracted with 70% ethanol. HEPG2 cells were treated with different concentration of ethanol extract of SBELSE which was subjected to 2-fold serial dilution to achieve a graded concentration (9.77-5000 µg/ml). Cell viability was performed using CCK-8 assay. The cells were treated with 8 µg/mL and 23 µg/mL concentration of SBELSE for 48 hour, after which RNA was isolated for downstream gene expression studies using RT-qPCR. The expression level of GLI1 and PTCH genes in cell line was examined relative to the untreated group. SBELSE exerted a cytotoxic effect on HEPG-2 cells with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 150 µg/mL. After 48 hours of treatment and evaluation, Expression of GLI1 and PTCH genes was seen in all cell group but was increased in groups treated with 8µg/mL concentration of S. bicolor extract than in the control group. The findings of this study suggest the possibility of the extract to contain agonistic component that might support cancer cell proliferation.
Insights from practitioners in Madagascar to inform more effective international conservation funding
Authors: Eklund Johanna , Cheek Jennifer Zavaleta , Andriamaro Luciano , Bakoliarimisa Tsiorisoa Mihanta , Galitsky Christina , Rabearivololona Ony , Rakotobe Domoina J. , Ralison Harifidy O. , Randriamiharisoa Lalatiana Odile , Rasamoelinarivo Joe , Rasolofoson David , Ratsirarson Joelisoa , Razafimpahanana Andriamandimbisoa , Temba Eric Marcel , Pyhälä Aili , Miller Daniel C. 
Published: April 2023

Bending the curve on biodiversity loss will require increased conservation funding and a wiser resource allocation. Local conservation practitioner expertise will be vital in decision-making processes related to funding. Yet, the integration of their insights into funder priorities and strategies is often insufficient, particularly in countries where international funding comprises the bulk of support for conservation. More generally, the role of funding remains under-analyzed in conservation and opportunities for funder-practitioner dialogue at a broad strategic level are limited. We seek to address these critical gaps by presenting results from a participatory workshop of conservation practitioners in Madagascar, one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. Five major areas of need emerged, and these challenges need to be addressed if we are to see long-term solutions to the biodiversity crisis: (1) strengthen law and policy implementation; (2) ensure sustainability of funding; (3) improve coherence and coordination within and beyond the conservation sector; (4) support self-strengthening of local communities; and (5) invest in capacity development. This article elaborates on these thematic areas and their implications for international donors in Madagascar and beyond. Our approach demonstrates a way for amplifying in-country practitioner voices in a collaborative way and highlights the need for their inclusion at all stages of conservation program development so that funding priorities better reflect local needs and aspirations while enhancing prospects for enduring conservation outcomes.
A case of a pregnant woman with a special splenic artery aneurysm
Authors: Xu Yujia , Wu Zhoupeng 
Published: April 2023

Visceral artery aneurysm, especially splenic artery aneurysm, is rare and is usually associated with pregnancy. When such aneurysms rupture, they can be fatal, and they often require emergency surgery. This case report includes a review of the literature and describes a effective multidisciplinary approach to managing this type of aneurysm. We describe the treatment of a ruptured splenic artery aneurysm and the careful coordination of obstetric, vascular surgery, and intensive care teams. The uniqueness of this case arose from the metal embolization coil that was found to have fallen off from a recently embolized ruptured splenic artery aneurysm.
The management of this ruptured splenic artery aneurysm and iatrogenic foreign body insult required a combination of multiple specialties to provide life-saving treatment. Such cases should be managed by multidisciplinary teams if institutional resources allow for it.
Quality of life of primary caregivers of children living with cerebral palsy at two clinics in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Namanja Alice , Phiri Vincent Samuel 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
In Malawi, Primary Caregivers (PCGs) of children living with Cerebral Palsy report challenges such as physical strain and lack of
resources that affect care giving. Although such experiences affect the PCGs’ Quality of Life (QoL), there is paucity of data for
Malawi. Understanding their QoL would inform establishment of holistic intervention(s) tailored to meet their needs. Therefore, the
purposes of this study were to determine QoL of PCGs of the children who were receiving rehabilitation at Queen Elizabeth Central
Hospital (QECH) and Feed the Children (FtC), to identify PCG’s and children’s socio-demographic factors that may attribute to the
perceived QoL, and to compare the PCGs’ QoL between the sites.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2019 on 142 PCGs of children aged between 2 and 18 years of age. All PCGs who were employed for the child-care, or had a chronic sickness were excluded. QoL was assessed using the World Health Organization Brief questionnaire, with a cut-off point of <60% for poor QoL. The severity of children’s impairments was assessed using Gross Motor Function Classification System. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted to analyze the data. The PCGs’ age, sex, marital status and level of education, and child’s severity of impairment were compared with QoL.
Results
The majority of PCGs (61.30%) had poor QoL, and there was no significant difference in overall QoL of the PCGs between the sites (p<0.31). The PCGs at QECH had significantly higher physical domain mean scores than at FtC (U=1906, p<0.01). The overall QoL differed significantly across the marital statuses of the PCGs (p<0.03).
Conclusion
The study has established that most PCGs at both sites possess poor QoL. However, there is need to investigate how the rehabilitation institutions and workers influence the QoL of the PCGs within and between the facilities.
Exploring perceived barriers to effective utilization of learner-centred teaching methods by tutors at Holy Family College of Nursing and Midwifery, Phalombe, Malawi
Authors: Matewere Ireneo , Msosa Annie , Mfuni Joseph 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Learner-centred teaching implies a paradigmatic shift in roles of a teacher from being a source of knowledge to that of a facilitator in the process of knowledge construction. Literature shows that perceptions which teachers hold about barriers to utilisation of learner-centred teaching methods influence how the teachers teach. Anecdotal records as well as observation of classroom teaching demonstrate that tutors at Holy Family College of Nursing and Midwifery dominantly use traditional teacher-centred teaching methods.
Research Design and Methods
This was a qualitative study based on the philosophical principle of constructivism.
Study population and sample
All tutors at Holy Family College of Nursing and Midwifery were the study population. Purposive sampling technique was used to select participants. In-depth interviews with 12 tutors were held using a semi-structured interview guide.
Data analysis
Data were analysed using the 6-step thematic method.
Findings
The participants suggested that effective utilization of learner-centred teaching methods is negatively affected by teacher-related as well as technical barriers.
Conclusion
Teachers clinging to power and need for more resources negatively affect utilisation of learner-centred teaching methods