bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited effect of reducing pulmonary tuberculosis incidence amid mandatory facial masking for COVID-19
Authors: Lin En-Cheng , Tu Hung-Pin , Hong Chien-Hui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough the incidence and mortality rates associated with tuberculosis (TB) have been decreasing in many countries, TB remains a major public health concern. Obligatory facial masking and reduced health-care capacity because of COVID-19 may substantially influence TB transmission and care. The Global Tuberculosis Report 2021 published by the World Health Organization indicated a TB rebound at the end of 2020, which coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored this rebound phenomenon in Taiwan by investigating whether TB incidence and mortality are affected by COVID-19 because of their common route of transmission. In addition, we investigated whether the incidence of TB varies across regions with different incidences of COVID-19. Data (2010–2021) regarding annual new cases of TB and multidrug-resistant TB were collected from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. TB incidence and mortality were assessed in Taiwan’s seven administrative regions. Over the last decade, TB incidence decreased continually, even during 2020 and 2021, the years coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, TB incidence remained high in regions with low COVID-19 incidence. However, the overall decreasing trends of TB incidence and mortality remained unchanged during the pandemic. Facial masking and social distancing may prevent COVID-19 transmission but exhibit limited efficacy in reducing TB transmission. Thus, during health-related policymaking, policymakers must consider TB rebound, even in the post-COVID-19 era.
A literature review of microRNA and gene signaling pathways involved in the apoptosis pathway of lung cancer
Authors: Abolfathi Hanie , Arabi Mohadeseh , Sheikhpour Mojgan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world and the deadliest of all cancers. Apoptosis is a key pathway in regulating the cell growth rate, proliferation, and occurrence of lung cancer. This process is controlled by many molecules, such as microRNAs and their target genes. Therefore, finding new medical approaches such as exploring diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers involved in apoptosis is needed for this disease. In the present study, we aimed to identify key microRNAs and their target genes that could be used in the prognosis and diagnosis of lung cancer.

Methods
Signaling pathways, genes, and microRNAs involved in the apoptotic pathway were identified by bioinformatics analysis and recent clinical studies. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on databases including NCBI, TargetScan, UALCAN, UCSC, KEGG, miRPathDB, and Enrichr, and clinical studies were extracted from PubMed, web of science, and SCOPUS databases.

Results
NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK pathways play critical roles in the regulation of apoptosis. MiR-146b, 146a, 21, 23a, 135a, 30a, 202, and 181 were identified as the involved microRNAs in the apoptosis signaling pathway, and IRAK1, TRAF6, Bcl-2, PTEN, Akt, PIK3, KRAS, and MAPK1 were classified as the target genes of the mentioned microRNAs respectively. The essential roles of these signaling pathways and miRNAs/target genes were approved through both databases and clinical studies. Moreover, surviving, living, BRUCE, and XIAP was the main inhibitor of apoptosis which act by regulating the apoptosis-involved genes and miRNAs.

Conclusion
Identifying the abnormal expression and regulation of miRNAs and signaling pathways in apoptosis of lung cancer can represent a novel class of biomarkers that can facilitate the early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and prediction of drug response for lung cancer patients. Therefore, studying the mechanisms of apoptosis including signaling pathways, miRNAs/target genes, and the inhibitors of apoptosis are advantageous for finding the most practical approach and reducing the pathological demonstrations of lung cancer.
BRAFV600E and TERT promoter C228T mutations on ThyroSeq v3 analysis of delayed skin metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Choi Jee-Hye , Yu Hyeong Won , Lee Ja Kyung , Kim Woochul , Choi June Young , Na Hee Young , Park So Yeon , Ahn Chang Ho , Moon Jae Hoon , Choi Sang Il , Lee Ho-Young , Lee Won Woo , Cha Wonjae , Jeong Woo-Jin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Skin metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a rare entity that can occur up to decades after treatment of the primary tumor. Here, we present a patient who developed skin metastasis 10 years after treatment of her primary tumor and describe the molecular findings of the metastatic lesion.

Case presentation
A 44-year-old female with a history of PTC who underwent a total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment 10 years ago presented with a 1.3-cm skin lesion along the prior thyroidectomy scar. A biopsy revealed metastatic PTC, and the patient underwent surgical excision of the lesion. ThyroSeq molecular testing showed the copresence of BRAFV600E mutation and TERT promoter C228T mutation. The patient subsequently received one round of adjuvant RAI therapy.

Conclusions
A high index of suspicion is warranted in patients with a history of PTC who develop a skin lesion, even several years after remission of the primary disease. In patients with high-risk mutations, such as BRAFV600E and TERT promoter C228T mutations, long-term surveillance of disease recurrence is particularly important.
Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD): an antihypertensive nutritional approach
Authors: Barrea Luigi , Verde Ludovica , Santangeli Pasquale , Lucà Stefania , Docimo Annamaria , Savastano Silvia , Colao Annamaria , Muscogiuri Giovanna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Obesity is accompanied by hormonal, inflammatory and endothelial alterations. These alterations induce a stimulation of several other mechanisms that contribute to the hypertensive state and to increase the cardiovascular morbidity. This pilot, open - label, single- center, prospective clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of very low- calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) on blood pressure (BP) in women with of obesity and hypertension.

Methods
A total of 137 women, who met the inclusion criteria and accepted to adhere to VLCKD, were consecutively enrolled. Assessment of anthropometric parameters (weight, height, and waist circumference), body composition (through bioelectrical impedance analysis), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and blood sample collection were carried out at baseline and after 45 days of the active phase of VLCKD.

Results
After VLCKD all the women experienced a significant reduction in body weight and an overall improvement of body composition parameters. In addition, high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs- CRP) levels were significantly diminished (p < 0.001), while phase angle (PhA) increased by almost 9% (p < 0.001). Interestingly, both SBP and DBP were significantly improved (-12.89% and − 10.77%, respectively; p < 0.001). At baseline, SBP and DBP showed statistically significant correlations with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hs-CRP levels, PhA, total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), Na / K ratio, and fat mass. Even after VLCKD, all correlations among SBP and DBP with the study variables were statistically significant, except for the association between DBP and Na / K ratio. Changes (%) in both SBP and DBP were associated with ∆BMI%, ∆PhA% and ∆hs- CRP levels (p < 0.001). In addition, only ∆SBP% was associated with ∆waist circumference (p = 0.017), ∆TBW (p = 0.017), and ∆fat mass (p < 0.001); while only ∆DBP% was associated with ∆ECW (p = 0.018), and ∆Na / K ratio (p = 0.048). After adjusting for ∆BMI, ∆WC, ∆PhA, ∆TBW, and ∆fat mass, the correlation between changes in ∆SBP and ∆hs -CRP levels remained statistically significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, the correlation between ∆DBP and ∆hs- CRP levels also remained statistically significant after adjustment for ∆BMI, ∆PhA, ∆Na / K ratio, and ∆ECW (p < 0.001). From multiple regression analysis ∆hs- CRP levels seemed to be the main predictor of changes of BP (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
VLCKD reduces BP in women with of obesity and hypertension in a safely manner.
Autophagy impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea modulates intermittent hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis via hypermethylation of the ATG5 gene promoter region
Authors: Chen Yung-Che , Lin I-Chun , Su Mao-Chang , Hsu Po-Yuan , Hsiao Chang-Chun , Hsu Te-Yao , Liou Chia-Wei , Chen Yu-Mu , Chin Chien-Hung , Wang Ting-Ya , Chang Jen-Chieh , Lin Yong-Yong , Lee Chiu-Ping , Lin Meng-Chih 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Autophagy is a catabolic process that recycles damaged organelles and acts as a pro-survival mechanism, but little is known about autophagy dysfunction and epigenetic regulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods
Protein/gene expressions and DNA methylation levels of the autophagy-related genes (ATG) were examined in blood leukocytes from 64 patients with treatment-naïve OSA and 24 subjects with primary snoring (PS).

Results
LC3B protein expression of blood monocytes, and ATG5 protein expression of blood neutrophils were decreased in OSA patients versus PS subjects, while p62 protein expression of cytotoxic T cell was increased, particularly in those with nocturia. ATG5, ULK1, and BECN1 gene expressions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were decreased in OSA patients versus PS subjects. LC3B gene promoter regions were hypermethylated in OSA patients, particularly in those with excessive daytime sleepiness, while ATG5 gene promoter regions were hypermethylated in those with morning headache or memory impairment. LC3B protein expression of blood monocytes and DNA methylation levels of the LC3B gene promoter region were negatively and positively correlated with apnea hyponea index, respectively. In vitro intermittent hypoxia with re-oxygenation exposure to human THP-1/HUVEC cell lines resulted in LC3B/ATG5/ULK1/BECN1 down-regulations and p62 up-regulation along with increased apoptosis and oxidative stress, while rapamycin and umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cell treatment reversed these abnormalities through de-methylation of the ATG5 gene promoter.

Conclusions
Impaired autophagy activity in OSA patients was regulated by aberrant DNA methylation, correlated with clinical phenotypes, and contributed to increased cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. Autophagy enhancers may be novel therapeutics for OSA-related neurocognitive dysfunction.
Single-cell heterogeneity and dynamic evolution of Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient with novel TPR-PDGFRB fusion gene
Authors: Zhang Xuehong , Hou Zhijie , Huang Dan , Wang Furong , Gao Beibei , Zhang Chengtao , Zhou Dong , Lou Jiacheng , Wang Haina , Gao Yuan , Kang Zhijie , Lu Ying , Liu Quentin , Yan Jinsong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhiladelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) is a refractory and recurrent subtype of B-cell ALL enriched with kinase-activating rearrangements. Incomplete understanding of the heterogeneity within the tumor cells presents a major challenge for the diagnosis and therapy of Ph-like ALL. Here, we exhibited a comprehensive cell atlas of one Ph-like ALL patient with a novel TPR-PDGFRB fusion gene at diagnosis and relapse by using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Twelve heterogeneous B-cell clusters, four with strong MKI67 expression indicating highly proliferating B cells, were identified. A relapse-enriched B-cell subset associated with poor prognosis was discovered, implicating the transcriptomic evolution during disease progression. Integrative single-cell analysis was performed on Ph-like ALL and Ph+ ALL patients, and revealed Ph-like specific B-cell subpopulations and shared malignant B cells characterized by the ectopic expression of the inhibitory receptor CLEC2D. Collectively, scRNA-seq of Ph-like ALL with a novel TPR-PDGFRB fusion gene provides valuable insights into the underlying heterogeneity associated with disease progression and offers useful information for the development of immunotherapeutic techniques in the future.
Prevalence and associated risk factors for Salmonella enterica contamination of cow milk and cottage cheese in Ethiopia
Authors: Bedassa Abdi , Nahusenay Henok , Asefa Zerihun , Sisay Tesfaye , Girmay Gebrerufael , Kovac Jasna , Vipham Jessie L. , Zewdu Ashagrie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnimal sourced foods, such as dairy products, are common sources of Salmonella enterica, a foodborne pathogen of increasing global concern, particularly in developing countries. In Ethiopia, most data on the prevalence of Salmonella in dairy products is highly varied and limited to a specific region or district. Furthermore, there is no data available on the risk factors for Salmonella contamination of cow milk and cottage cheese in Ethiopia. This study was therefore conducted to determine the presence of Salmonella throughout the Ethiopian dairy value chain and to identify risk factors for contamination with Salmonella. The study was carried out in three regions of Ethiopia, including Oromia, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples, and Amhara during a dry season. A total 912 samples were collected from milk producers, collectors, processors, and retailers. Samples were tested for Salmonella using the ISO 6579-1: 2008 method, followed by PCR confirmation. Concurrent with sample collection, a survey was administered to study participants to identify risk factors associated with Salmonella contamination. Salmonella contamination was highest in raw milk samples at the production (19.7%) and at milk collection (21.3%) levels. No significant difference in the prevalence of Salmonella contamination among regions was detected (p > 0.05). Regional differences were apparent for cottage cheese, with the highest prevalence being in Oromia (6.3%). Identified risk factors included the temperature of water used for cow udder washing, the practice of mixing milk lots, the type of milk container, use of refrigeration, and milk filtration. These identified factors can be leveraged to develop targeted intervention strategies aimed at reducing the prevalence of Salmonella in milk and cottage cheese in Ethiopia.
Can lift be generated in a steady inviscid flow?
Authors: Liu Tianshu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a critical evaluation of the physical aspects of lift generation to prove that no lift can be generated in a steady inviscid flow. Hence, the answer to the recurring question in the paper title is negative. In other words, the fluid viscosity is necessary in lift generation. The relevant topics include D’Alembert’s paradox of lift and drag, the Kutta condition, the force expression based on the boundary enstrophy flux (BEF), the vortex lift, and the generation of the vorticity and circulation. The physical meanings of the variational formulations to determine the circulation and lift are discussed. In particular, in the variational formulation based on the continuity equation with the first-order Tikhonov regularization functional, an incompressible flow with the artificial viscosity (the Lagrange multiplier) is simulated, elucidating the role of the artificial viscosity in lift generation. The presented contents are valuable for the pedagogical purposes in aerodynamics and fluid mechanics.
Perioperative Tracking of Intravenous Iron in Patients Undergoing On-Pump Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective, Single-Center Pilot Trial
Authors: Olivier Roman M. R. , Macke Marcel , Müller Jennifer C. , Schrader Lisa , Eveslage Maria , Rauer Marcel , Wempe Carola , Martens Sven , Zarbock Alexander , Wagner Nana-Maria , Karst Uwe , Dogan Deniz Y. , Steinbicker Andrea U. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Preoperative intravenous iron administration is a frequently used patient blood management procedure. If the timeframe of intravenous iron administration before surgery is short, (1) the concentration of the intravenous iron compound might still be high in patients’ plasma when undergoing surgery and (2) this iron in patients’ plasma is at risk to be lost due to blood loss. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to track the iron compound ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) before, during, and after cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass, with an emphasis on intraoperative iron losses in shed blood and potential recovery through autologous cell salvage.

METHODS:
Concentrations of FCM were analyzed in patients’ blood using a hyphenation of liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to distinguish between pharmaceutical compound FCM and serum iron. In this prospective, single-center pilot trial, 13 anemic and 10 control patients were included. Anemic patients with hemoglobin levels ≤12/13 g/dL in women and men were treated with 500 milligrams (mg) intravenous FCM 12 to 96 hours before elective on-pump cardiac surgery. Patients’ blood samples were collected before surgery and at days 0, 1, 3, and 7 after surgery. One sample each was taken of the cardiopulmonary bypass, the autologous red blood cell concentrate generated by cell salvage, and the cell salvage disposal bag.

RESULTS:
Patients who had received FCM <48 hours before surgery had higher FCM serum levels (median [Q1–Q3], 52.9 [13.0–91.6]) compared to ≥48 hours (2.1 [0.7–5.1] µg/mL, P = .008). Of 500-mg FCM administered <48 hours, 327.37 (257.96–402.48) mg were incorporated compared to administration ≥48 hours with 493.60 (487.78–496.70) mg. After surgery, patients’ plasma FCM concentration in the FCM <48 hours group was decreased (–27.1 [–30 to −5.9] µg/mL). Little FCM was found in the cell salvage disposal bag (<48 hours, 4.2 [3.0–25.8] µg/mL, equivalent to 29.0 [19.0–40.7] mg total; equivalent to 5.8% or 1/17th of the 500 mg FCM initially administered), almost none in the autologous red blood cell concentrate (<48 hours, 0.1 [0.0–0.43] µg/mL).

CONCLUSIONS:
The data generate the hypotheses that nearly all FCM is incorporated into iron stores with administration ≥48 hours before surgery. When FCM is given <48 hours of surgery, the majority is incorporated into iron stores by the time of surgery, although a small amount may be lost during surgical bleeding with limited recovery by cell salvage.
Introduction
Authors: Johnson Adriana Michele Campos , Nemser Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis essay introduces the special issue “Reading for Infrastructure: Worlds Made and Broken.” It offers an account of the “infrastructural turn” in the humanities and explains how the assembled essays frame infrastructures as making worlds with dispositions that facilitate certain “forms of life,” even as they break and dismantle others. These essays cluster around three key themes that open onto the imbrication of “modern” infrastructures and racial capitalism: slavery, borders, and energy. The introduction also outlines the various conjugations of reading and infrastructure suggested by the essays: practices of reading new things as infrastructure, reading infrastructures themselves, and engaging with readings of infrastructure.
“Anxious Desires”
Authors: Flaherty George F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn 1961, the Mexican government launched the Programa Nacional Fronterizo (Pronaf) in partnership with the country's economic elites, a precursor to the state's more widely known border industrialization project. Pronaf was ostensibly an urban beautification program targeting nine cities at the Mexico-US border, led by former Ciudad Juárez mayor Antonio Bermúdez and with architecture supervised by Mexico City–based modernist Mario Pani. However, as this article argues, Pronaf sought to better integrate the borderlands to the national market and political structure at a moment of crisis. The state's capitalist modernization plan of import substitution industrialization, which produced the so-called Mexican Miracle in the 1940s, was showing signs of strain. Greater consumption of products made in Mexico, based on a more patriotic identification by citizens at the border, would buttress the “Miracle,” which had initially ignored these very citizens based on metropolitan perceptions of their lack of allegiance to Mexico and affinity for the US. Understanding spectacular architecture to have not only a didactic but an affective function, Pronaf deployed a network of soaring, Jet Age–inspired built environments. These parabolic hyperboloid environments, accompanied by a hyperbolic rhetoric from Bermúdez, sought to convince border residents of the “beauty” and “desirability” of national culture and the fluidity of the national market just as their socioeconomic mobility came under greater government scrutiny. Pronaf piloted an affective infrastructure that desired to channel border residents’ citizenship and consumption toward the reproduction of the political and economic status quo, eventually setting the stage for neoliberal transition.
Resonant Multiphoton Electron Emission and Stark-Tuned Third Harmonic Generation in Coupled Quantum Wells
Authors: Sirtori Carlo , Capasso Federico , Sivco Deborah L. , Cho Alfred Y. 
Published: February 2023

Asymmetric quantum well (QW) structures have recently attracted considerable attention as nonlinear optical materials with intersubband nonlinear susceptibilities in the ir (λ~10 μm)1–3 many orders of magnitude higher than in bulk semiconductors.1–3 In this paper we report the observation of a new nonlinear optical phenomenon: resonant multiphoton electron emission from a QW. This effect is conceptually similar to multiphoton ionization of a molecule, although its cross section is much larger. Our AlInAs/GaInAs sample (40 periods of a coupled-well-structure consisting of 42 Å, 20 Å and 18 Å GaInAs wells, separated by 16 Å AlInAs barriers, with only the thickest well n+ doped) is designed to have nearly equally spaced bound states (≃120 meV). By appropriately choosing the photon energy and Stark shifting the energy levels electrons can be ejected out of the well via a 3-photon transition into continuum states. For the experiments a linearly polarized CO2 laser is used and the structure is processed in a two-pass 45° waveguide. The laser is initially polarized so as to maximize the component normal to the layers; the polarization is then rotated or the power is varied. The measured photocurrent at 30 K scales as

P
0
3

sin

6

θ

, where P0 is the laser power and θ the polarization angle, giving direct evidence of 3-photon electron emission from the well. The photocurrent as a function of photon energy shows a strong peak which arises from the resonant enhancement of the transition rate by the second and third energy levels. From our data the 3-photon emission cross section is estimated. In another experiment third harmonic generation is studied as a function of electric field (magnitude and polarity) at a pump photon energy ≈ 118 meV. Two peaks are observed. The one at zero bias arises from a triple resonance of the pump photons with the three bound excited states of the QW. The second one is caused by the strong Stark shift of the energy levels and arises from a triple resonance with the first two bound excited states and the first resonant state in the classical continuum above the barriers. The measured peak nonlinear susceptibility

χ

3
ω

(
3
)

is

≃
3.5
×

10

−
14

(

m
/
V
)

2

≃

three times the value previously measured3 at 300 K and the highest ever reported in any material.