bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T-splines computational membrane–cable structural mechanics with continuity and smoothness: II. Spacecraft parachutes
Authors: Terahara Takuya , Takizawa Kenji , Avsar Reha , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this second part of a two-part article, we present spacecraft parachute structural mechanics computations with the T-splines computational method introduced in the first part. The method and its implementation, which was also given in the first part, are for computations where structures with different parametric dimensions are connected with continuity and smoothness. The basis functions of the method were derived in the context of connecting structures with 2D and 1D parametric dimensions. In the first part, the 2D structure was referred to as “membrane” and the 1D structure as “cable.” The method and its implementation, however, are certainly applicable also to other 2D–1D cases, and the test computations presented in the first part included shell–cable structures. Similarly, the spacecraft parachute computations presented here are with both the membrane and shell models of the parachute canopy fabric. The computer model used in the computations is for a subscale, wind-tunnel version of the Disk–Gap–Band parachute. The computations demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in 2D–1D structural mechanics computation of spacecraft parachutes.
Investigation of the influence of asymmetrical profiles on the wear behavior in gear hobbing
Authors: Janßen C. , Brimmers J. , Bergs T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAsymmetrical gears have advantages in applications with a preferred load direction, such as automotive transmissions or wind turbines. The operational behavior of gears with asymmetrical profiles has already been thoroughly investigated. However, there are very few studies on the manufacturability of gears with asymmetric profiles regarding the possible interactions between pressure angle composition, tool and process design. In this report, the influence of asymmetrical profiles on the wear behavior of hobs is analyzed for the first time.For this purpose, eight different tool variants have been defined for an investigation on tool wear behavior based upon fly-cutting trials. These variants consist of two symmetric and four asymmetric variants. In addition, two asymmetric variants with additional protuberance have been defined. Tool performance decreased within the fly-cutting trials with a low pressure angle on the leading flank and also in the presence of a protuberance. As the pressure angle increases on the leading flank, an increase on the tool life was observed.
Association between temporal patterns of baroreflex sensitivity after traumatic brain injury and prognosis: a preliminary study
Authors: Uryga Agnieszka , Kasprowicz Magdalena , Burzyńska Małgorzata , Kazimierska Agnieszka , Czosnyka Marek , Nasr Nathalie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may lead to an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) as well as impairment of cerebral vascular reactivity and the autonomic nervous system. This study aimed to investigate individual patterns of changes in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) along with the assessment of pressure reactivity index (PRx) and ICP after TBI.

Materials and methods
Twenty-nine TBI patients with continuous arterial blood pressure (ABP) and ICP monitoring were included. BRS was calculated using the sequential cross-correlation method. PRx was estimated using slow-wave oscillations of ABP and ICP. Outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale.

Results
Pooled data analysis of the lower breakpoint during the week that followed TBI revealed that BRS reached a minimum about 2 days after TBI. In patients with good outcome, there was a significant increase in BRS during the 7 days following TBI: rp = 0.21; p = 0.008 and the temporal changes in BRS showed either a “U-shaped” pattern or a gradual increase over time. The BRS value after 1.5 days was found to be a significant predictor of mortality (cut-off BRS = 1.8 ms/mm Hg; AUC = 0.83). In patients with poor outcome, ICP and PRx increased while BRS remained low.

Conclusions
We found an association between temporal patterns of BRS and prognosis in the early days following TBI. Further research in a larger cohort of patients is needed to confirm the weight of these preliminary observations for prediction of prognosis in TBI patients.
Recycling municipal, agricultural and industrial waste into energy, fertilizers, food and construction materials, and economic feasibility: a review
Authors: Peng Xiaoxuan , Jiang Yushan , Chen Zhonghao , Osman Ahmed I. , Farghali Mohamed , Rooney David W. , Yap Pow-Seng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe global amount of solid waste has dramatically increased as a result of rapid population growth, accelerated urbanization, agricultural demand, and industrial development. The world's population is expected to reach 8.5 billion by 2030, while solid waste production will reach 2.59 billion tons. This will deteriorate the already strained environment and climate situation. Consequently, there is an urgent need for methods to recycle solid waste. Here, we review recent technologies to treat solid waste, and we assess the economic feasibility of transforming waste into energy. We focus on municipal, agricultural, and industrial waste. We found that methane captured from landfilled-municipal solid waste in Delhi could supply 8–18 million houses with electricity and generate 7140 gigawatt-hour, with a prospected potential of 31,346 and 77,748 gigawatt-hour by 2030 and 2060, respectively. Valorization of agricultural solid waste and food waste by anaerobic digestion systems could replace 61.46% of natural gas and 38.54% of coal use in the United Kingdom, and could reduce land use of 1.8 million hectares if provided as animal feeds. We also estimated a levelized cost of landfill solid and anaerobic digestion waste-to-energy technologies of $0.04/kilowatt-hour and $0.07/kilowatt-hour, with a payback time of 0.73–1.86 years and 1.17–2.37 years, respectively. Nonetheless, current landfill waste treatment methods are still inefficient, in particular for treating food waste containing over 60% water.
An LO phase shifter with frequency tripling and phase detection in 28 nm FD-SOI CMOS for mm-wave 5G transceivers
Authors: Gannedahl Rikard , Sjöland Henrik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an LO phase shifter with frequency tripling for 28-GHz 5G transceivers. The phase shifting and frequency tripling are achieved using an injection-locked oscillator and injection-locked frequency tripler, respectively. A phase detector based on third harmonic mixing is also implemented and is used to detect the applied phase shift, supporting automatic calibration of the phase shifter. Additionally, an algorithm to automatically tune the oscillators to their respective locking frequency is presented. To test the phase shifter, a 24–30-GHz sliding-IF receiver is implemented. Simulations show that a > 360$$^\circ $$

∘

tuning range over the full 24–30 GHz span is achieved, with a gain variation of 0.11 dB or less, and that the phase detector has an rms phase error of < 2.5$$^\circ $$

∘

. The circuit is implemented in a 28nm FD-SOI CMOS process and the entire chip measures 1080 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$

μ
m

$$\times $$
×
1080 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$

μ
m

, including pads, and consumes 27–29 mW from a 1 V supply.
Biogeochemical properties of blue carbon sediments influence the distribution and monomer composition of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
Authors: Grey Anthony , Costeira Ricardo , Lorenzo Emmaline , O’Kane Sean , McCaul Margaret V. , McCarthy Tim , Jordan Sean F. , Allen Christopher C. R. , Kelleher Brian P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCoastal wetlands are highly efficient ‘blue carbon’ sinks which contribute to mitigating climate change through the long-term removal of atmospheric CO2 and capture of carbon (C). Microorganisms are integral to C sequestration in blue carbon sediments and face a myriad of natural and anthropogenic pressures yet their adaptive responses are poorly understood. One such response in bacteria is the alteration of biomass lipids, specifically through the accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and alteration of membrane phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). PHAs are highly reduced bacterial storage polymers that increase bacterial fitness in changing environments. In this study, we investigated the distribution of microbial PHA, PLFA profiles, community structure and response to changes in sediment geochemistry along an elevation gradient from intertidal to vegetated supratidal sediments. We found highest PHA accumulation, monomer diversity and expression of lipid stress indices in elevated and vegetated sediments where C, nitrogen (N), PAH and heavy metals increased, and pH was significantly lower. This was accompanied by a reduction in bacterial diversity and a shift to higher abundances of microbial community members favouring complex C degradation. Results presented here describe a connection between bacterial PHA accumulation, membrane lipid adaptation, microbial community composition and polluted C rich sediments.
Graphical Abstract
Geochemical, microbiological and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) gradient in a blue carbon zone.
Exploring Atmospheric Boundary Layer Depth Variability in Frontal Environments Over an Arid Region
Authors: Anand Michael , Pal Sandip 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDetails about atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) dynamics under advection over arid regions remain unexplored. Most numerical weather prediction (NWP) models strictly rely on ABL parametrization schemes under steady-state assumptions while observation-based research also considers horizontally homogeneous atmospheric conditions for estimating ABL depth (zi) growth rates. However, how different frontal systems modify ABL thermodynamic features, including zi, remains sparse in the literature. This work investigates how synoptic events impact daytime zi variability in different seasons and provides new insights on front-relative zi variability over two sites located in an arid region. Radiosonde-derived thermodynamic profiles obtained during more than 40 synoptic events in 2020 from two sites (Amarillo and Midland, Texas) have been used. Individual soundings are divided into a three-day period: prefrontal, frontal, and postfrontal. The ABL regimes and associated soundings are further classified into four categories: (1) Type-I with elevated mixed layer (EML) only, (2) Type-II with dryline only, (3) Type-III with both EML and dryline, and (4) Type-IV without dryline or EML. Results suggest that zi decreases substantially during frontal passages and is shallower in the cold sector than the warm sector. We also find that the zi variability in the postfrontal airmass is more uniform throughout the year compared to the zi in the prefrontal airmass indicating complexities associated with airmass advection. Regression analyses comparing frontal strength and observed Δzi (i.e., frontal contrasts in zi estimated via zi in warm sector minus zi in cold sector) do not yield any correlations, which suggests that advection from frontal passages has considerable influence in governing zi variability unlike in the conditions when zi is mainly dependent on surface forcings. By explaining how airmass exchange associated with frontal environments impacts overall ABL dynamics, new parametrizations for ABL modelling can be developed with an emphasis on zi advection.
Genomic evidence for three distinct species in the Erebia manto complex in Central Europe (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
Authors: Jospin Amanda , Chittaro Yannick , Bolt Daniel , Demergès David , Gurcel Kevin , Hensle Jürgen , Sanchez Andreas , Praz Christophe , Lucek Kay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA problem to implement conservation strategies is that in many cases recognized taxa are in fact complexes of several cryptic species. Failure to properly delineate species may lead to misplaced priorities or to inadequate conservation measures. One such species complex is the yellow-spotted ringlet Erebia manto, which comprises several phenotypically distinct lineages, whose degree of genomic isolation has so far not been assessed. Some of these lineages are geographically restricted and thus possibly represent distinct units with conservation priorities. Using several thousand nuclear genomic markers, we evaluated to which degree the bubastis lineage from the Alps and the vogesiaca lineage from the Vosges, are genetically isolated from the widespread manto lineage. Our results suggest that both lineages are genetically as strongly differentiated from manto as other taxonomically well separated sibling species in this genus from each other, supporting a delineation of bubastis and vogesiaca as independent species. Given the restricted and isolated range of vogesiaca as well as the disjunct distribution of bubastis, our findings have significant implication for future conservation efforts on these formerly cryptic species and highlight the need to investigate the genomic identity within species complexes.
How do Mental Health Services Foster Hope? Experience of People Accessing Services
Authors: Honey Anne , Hancock Nicola , Barton Rebecca , Berry Bridget , Gilroy John , Glover Helen , Hines Monique , Waks Shifra , Wells Karen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHope is essential to mental health recovery, yet little is known about how mental health services can foster hope. This paper addresses the question: How can mental health services influence the sense of hope experienced by people who access their services? Sixty-one people who accessed a new mental health service were interviewed about their experiences, including about how the service had influenced their sense of hope. Interviews were analysed using constant comparative analysis. The data revealed that hope increased when people perceived positive changes in themselves and their circumstances: developing new understandings and perspectives; having effective strategies to manage challenges; seeing progress or having plans; and having support. Changes were attributed to three major features of the service: accessibility; staff competence and wisdom; and caring interactions. The findings highlight that, while individual clinicians are important, other interactions with services and the wider service context are also critical for facilitating hope.
The impact of seasonal variability and climate change on lake Tanganyika’s hydrodynamics
Authors: Sterckx Kevin , Delandmeter Philippe , Lambrechts Jonathan , Deleersnijder Eric , Verburg Piet , Thiery Wim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we project future changes in the hydrodynamics of Lake Tanganyika under a high emission scenario using the three-dimensional (3D) version of the Second-generation Louvain-la-Neuve Ice-ocean Model (SLIM 3D) forced by a high-resolution regional climate model. We demonstrate the advantages of 3D simulation compared to 1D vertical models. The model captures the seasonal variability in the lake, with seasonal deep mixing and surfacing of the thermocline. In a simulation of current conditions, the thermocline in the south of the lake moves upward from a depth of 75 m until it reaches the lake surface during August and September. We compare the current conditions with an end-of-the-century simulation under a pessimistic emission scenario (RCP 8.5) showing that surface water temperature increases on average by 3 ± 0.5 °C. Because deeper water warms less, the stratification increases in the upper 150 m of the water column. This temperature-induced stratification reduces mixing and prevents the outcropping of the thermocline, eventually shutting down the ventilation of deep water in the south basin. Our results highlight the extreme changes likely faced by Lake Tanganyika if global greenhouse gas emissions are not curbed.
Blood pressure, hypertension and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Aune Dagfinn , Mahamat-Saleh Yahya , Kobeissi Elsa , Feng Tingting , Heath Alicia K. , Janszky Imre 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElevated blood pressure and hypertension have been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation in a number of epidemiological studies, however, the strength of the association has differed between studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between blood pressure and hypertension and atrial fibrillation. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies of hypertension and blood pressure and atrial fibrillation up to June 6th 2022. Cohort studies reporting adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of atrial fibrillation associated with hypertension or blood pressure were included. A random effects model was used to estimate summary RRs. Sixty eight cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. The summary RR was 1.50 (95% CI: 1.42–1.58, I2 = 98.1%, n = 56 studies) for people with hypertension compared to those without hypertension (1,080,611 cases, 30,539,230 participants), 1.18 (95% CI: 1.16–1.21, I2 = 65.9%, n = 37 studies) per 20 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure (346,471 cases, 14,569,396 participants), and 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03–1.11, I2 = 91.5%, n = 22 studies) per 10 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure (332,867 cases, 14,354,980 participants). There was evidence of a nonlinear association between diastolic blood pressure and atrial fibrillation with a steeper increase in risk at lower levels of diastolic blood pressure, but for systolic blood pressure the association appeared to be linear. For both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the risk increased even within the normal range of blood pressure and persons at the high end of systolic and diastolic blood pressure around 180/110 mmHg had a 1.8–2.3 fold higher risk of atrial fibrillation compared to those with a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg. These results suggest that elevated blood pressure and hypertension increases the risk of atrial fibrillation and there is some increase in risk even within the normal range of systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Legally Affective: Mapping the Emotional Grammar of LGBT Rights in Law School
Authors: Raj Senthorun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe teaching of critical race, feminist, and queer theory generally, and of LGBT rights specifically, has developed into a discrete, contested, and politicised area of teaching in English law schools and beyond. While there is some academic discussion on the personal and political significance of ‘promoting LGBT rights’ within law schools, less considered is how ‘LGBT rights’ are shaped by the emotions of legal academics and how these emotions circumscribe what we imagine LGBT rights can and/or should mean in law and critical legal study. To illustrate this dynamic, this paper uses critical race, feminist, and queer scholarship alongside work in the emerging field of Law and Emotion to articulate the ‘emotional grammar’ of teaching a Gender, Sexuality and Law unit at an English law school. Turning to autoethnography, I use my emotional experiences as a methodological tool to explore how emotions co-constitute the pedagogical, political, scholarly, and personal registers of LGBT rights as a descriptive, critical, and normative pursuit. In doing so, I use ‘emotional grammar’ as a novel way to map how emotions structure legal pedagogies invested in pursuing LGBT rights. Emotional grammar illustrates how emotions structure: (1) the articulation of LGBT rights as an object of study in law; (2) the pursuit of law to secure the rights of LGBT people; and (3) the shape of legal critique relating to LGBT rights.
ADM mass in warp drive spacetimes
Authors: Schuster Sebastian , Santiago Jessica , Visser Matt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhat happens when a warp bubble has mass? This seemingly innocent question forces one to carefully formalize exactly what one means by a warp bubble, exactly what one means by having the warp bubble “move” with respect to the fixed stars, and forces one to more carefully examine the notion of mass in warp-drive spacetimes. This is the goal of the present article. In this process, we will see that often-made throw-away comments regarding “payloads” are even simpler than commonly assumed, while there are two further, distinct yet subtle ways in which a mass can appear in connection with a warp drive space-time: One, that the warp bubble (not its payload) has the mass; two, that the mass is a background feature in front of which the warp drive moves. For simplicity, we consider generic Natário warp drives with zero-vorticity flow field. The resulting spacetimes are sufficiently simple to allow an exact and fully explicit computation of all of the stress-energy components, and verify that (as expected) the null energy condition (NEC) is violated. Likewise the weak, strong, and dominant energy conditions (WEC, SEC, DEC) are violated. Indeed, this confirms the community’s folk wisdom, and recent (fully general, but implicit) results of the present authors which closed previous gaps in the argument. However, folk wisdom should be carefully and critically examined before being believed, and the present examples for general results will greatly aid physical intuition.
Towards Artificial Intelligence Augmenting Facilitation: AI Affordances in Macro-Task Crowdsourcing
Authors: Gimpel Henner , Graf-Seyfried Vanessa , Laubacher Robert , Meindl Oliver 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCrowdsourcing holds great potential: macro-task crowdsourcing can, for example, contribute to work addressing climate change. Macro-task crowdsourcing aims to use the wisdom of a crowd to tackle non-trivial tasks such as wicked problems. However, macro-task crowdsourcing is labor-intensive and complex to facilitate, which limits its efficiency, effectiveness, and use. Technological advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) might overcome these limits by supporting the facilitation of crowdsourcing. However, AI’s potential for macro-task crowdsourcing facilitation needs to be better understood for this to happen. Here, we turn to affordance theory to develop this understanding. Affordances help us describe action possibilities that characterize the relationship between the facilitator and AI, within macro-task crowdsourcing. We follow a two-stage, bottom-up approach: The initial development stage is based on a structured analysis of academic literature. The subsequent validation & refinement stage includes two observed macro-task crowdsourcing initiatives and six expert interviews. From our analysis, we derive seven AI affordances that support 17 facilitation activities in macro-task crowdsourcing. We also identify specific manifestations that illustrate the affordances. Our findings increase the scholarly understanding of macro-task crowdsourcing and advance the discourse on facilitation. Further, they help practitioners identify potential ways to integrate AI into crowdsourcing facilitation. These results could improve the efficiency of facilitation activities and the effectiveness of macro-task crowdsourcing.