bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusion in Finland: Myths and Realities
Authors: Jahnukainen Markku , Hienonen Ninja , Lintuvuori Meri , Lempinen Sonia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough inclusive education is a strong trend in education policy around the globe, there are different definitions and variations used in different nations. The case of Finland is interesting, because the long-term direction of the Finnish school system has supported every child’s right to participate in education, but inclusive education is not mentioned or defined anywhere in education legislation. This absence of definition not only leaves the defining to the parties concerned, but also adds to creating inclusive myths and varying realities in everyday life. Meanwhile, in public discussion, there has been a constant and quite polarised debate about putting students with support needs in regular classrooms. The recent Government Program (2019) in Finland states that special education legislation should be investigated from the point of view of students as well as teachers’ wellbeing. In order to define the current state and equality of the Finnish support system, the Ministry of Education and Culture has established a working group as part of the “Right to Learn” initiative 2020–2022. In this chapter, we discuss the historical development of Finnish inclusion and contrast myths and realities of the Finnish model in supporting students with support needs in the light of international trends in inclusive and special education. We also discuss possible future trends of inclusive education in the Finnish context.
Exclusively Included? Finland’s Inclusion Success Story and Hidden Dual System of Mainstream and Special Needs Education
Authors: Niemi Anna-Maija , Mietola Reetta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the divide between special and mainstream education in the Finnish education system. We analyse how this divide runs through educational experiences, opportunities and pathways of students receiving special education. We first examine the different educational pathways opening up for different groups of students, and their experiences of educational choice-making. Then we move on to analyse pedagogical arrangements and practices across lower-secondary and upper-secondary levels; and to consider how different pedagogical practices expect and produce different kinds of students. Our analysis shows that distinct educational cultures make it challenging to move across the divide of special and mainstream education, and this divide contributes to students understanding of themselves as learners. The chapter draws on six studies conducted in recent decades in Finland, four different ethnographic studies, one life-history interview study and a longitudinal life-history study.
Student Disengagement in Finnish Comprehensive Schooling
Authors: af Ursin Piia , Tikkanen Jenni , Järvinen Tero 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is a clear consensus amongst educational researchers that school engagement contributes to students’ academic development. However, not all students share the enjoyment of learning and a sense of belonging at school, nor are all of them willing to exert effort in learning and school activities. Students who disengage from school are at risk of a range of adverse academic and social outcomes, which, at worst, culminate in students’ decisions to leave school early. Since the beginning of the 1970s, various findings about Finnish students’ school engagement have raised concerns along with the question of why Finnish students repeatedly rank lowly in international comparisons of happiness at school. This chapter provides insights into the issue of Finnish student (dis)engagement from school drawing on a range of research and survey data. In our view, student disengagement is a process that develops through an interplay between individual and contextual factors in a vicious circle of negative emotional and cognitive school and learning experiences, and is—if not reversed—rather stable or progressive. For this reason, it is crucial to identify early signs of disengagement and individual, social, and institutional factors associated with it.
A systematic review of social media as a teaching and learning tool in higher education: A theoretical grounding perspective
Authors: Perez Eva , Manca Stefania , Fernández-Pascual Rosaura , Mc Guckin Conor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of social media in higher education has been demonstrated in a number of studies to be an attractive and contemporary method of teaching and learning. However, further research and investigation are required in order to align social media's pedagogical benefits with the theoretical perspectives that inform educational practices. It is the objective of this study to provide a systematic literature review using bibliometric analysis techniques and content analysis to provide a map of research produced between 2009 and 2021. This study aims to identify theoretical frameworks, current research trends, and patterns in this field. A total of 772 publications were analysed using bibliometric methodology, while a subset of 55 publications were analysed using content analysis. As indicated by the results, there is still a growing interest in this area of research, with recent studies still focusing on attitudes towards the use of social media in teaching and learning. According to the content analysis, technology acceptance theories and learning theories are the most commonly used reference theories. This field has yet to elaborate on pedagogical theory, and there is a tendency to rely primarily on technology acceptance models rather than pedagogical models. A discussion of future practice and research implications is also provided.
Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates Hepatic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Li Kai , Feng Zanjie , Wang Liusong , Ma Xuan , Wang Lei , Liu Kangwei , Geng Xin , Peng Cijun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (HIRI) is the main reason for organ failure following liver surgery; however, its underlying causes are complex, and include oxidative stress, sterile inflammatory, and mitochondrial damage. Unfortunately, treatments for HIRI are based on supportive therapy, and no specific drugs or methods are currently available. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a dietary polyphenol with a wide range of pharmacological effects and it has a protective effect on HIRI; however, its specific mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated that CGA pretreatment exerts protective effects against HIRI and the potential underlying mechanisms. We found that CGA pretreatment reduced ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels following HIRI, improved SOD and GSH levels, and alleviated pathological liver tissue damage, with the highest CGA dose (100 mg/kg.d) exerted the strongest effect. In addition, we showed that CGA pretreatment significantly decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species following HIRI, inhibited HMGB1 release by decreasing IRF-1 expression, inhibited the expression of HMGB1, TLR-4, MyD88, P-IκB-α, NF-κB P65, and P-P65, and promoted IκB-α degradation. Thus, CGA appears to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses during HIRI. Furthermore, we found that CGA pretreatment reduced hepatocyte apoptosis following HIRI, alleviated mitochondrial damage, promoted BCL-2 expression, inhibited Bax upregulation, and inhibited cytochrome C release to prevent caspase activation, thereby reducing the expression of the caspase-independent pathway components, ENDOG and AIF. Together, our findings suggest that CGA can protect against HIRI by inhibiting oxidative stress, the HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway–mediated inflammatory responses, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Thus, CGA appears to be a promising therapeutic approach for treating HIRI.
On the Discrepancy between Kleinberg’s Clustering Axioms and k-Means Clustering Algorithm Behavior
Authors: Kłopotek Mieczysław Alojzy , Kłopotek Robert Albert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper performs an investigation of Kleinberg’s axioms (from both an intuitive and formal standpoint) as they relate to the well-known k-mean clustering method. The axioms, as well as a novel variations thereof, are analyzed in Euclidean space. A few natural properties are proposed, resulting in k-means satisfying the intuition behind Kleinberg’s axioms (or, rather, a small, and natural variation on that intuition). In particular, two variations of Kleinberg’s consistency property are proposed, called centric consistency and motion consistency. It is shown that these variations of consistency are satisfied by k-means.
Improved methods for finger vein identification using composite Median-Wiener filter and hierarchical centroid features extraction
Authors: Kolivand Hoshang , Akintoye Kayode Akinlekan , Asadianfam Shiva , Rahim Mohd Shafry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFinger vein patterns contain highly discriminative characteristics, which are difficult to be forged due to residing underneath the skin. Several pieces of research have been carried out in this field but there is still an unresolved issue when data capturing and processing is of low quality. Low-quality data have caused errors in the feature extraction process and reduced identification performance rate in finger vein identification. The objective of this paper is to address this issue by presenting two methods, a new image enhancement, and a feature extraction method. The image enhancement, Composite Median-Wiener (CMW) filter, improves image quality and preserves the edges. Moreover, the feature extraction method, Hierarchical Centroid Feature Method (HCM), is fused with the statistical pixel-based distribution feature method at the feature-level fusion to improve the performance of finger vein identification. These methods were evaluated on public SDUMLA-HMT and FV-USM finger vein databases. Each database was divided into training and testing sets. The average result of the experiments conducted was taken to ensure the accuracy of the measurements. The k-Nearest Neighbor classifier with city block distance to match the features was implemented. Both these methods produced accuracy as high as 97.64% for identification rate and 1.11% of equal error rate (EER) for measures verification rate. These showed that the accuracy of the proposed finger vein identification method is higher than the existing methods. The results have proven that the CMW filter and HCM have significantly improved the accuracy of finger vein identification.
The GGL variational principle for constrained mechanical systems
Authors: Kinon P. L. , Betsch P. , Schneider S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present an extension of the Livens variational principle (sometimes also referred to as Hamilton-Pontryagin principle) to mechanical systems subject to holonomic constraints. The newly proposed principle embodies an index reduction in the spirit of the often-applied GGL stabilization and thus may be termed “GGL principle”. The Euler-Lagrange equations of the GGL principle assume the form of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) with differentiation index two. In contrast to the original GGL-DAEs, the present formulation fits into the Hamiltonian framework of mechanics. Therefore, the GGL principle facilitates the design of structure-preserving integrators. In particular, it offers the possibility to construct variational integrators. This is illustrated with the development of a new first-order scheme which is symplectic by design. The numerical properties of the newly devised scheme are investigated for representative examples of constrained mechanical systems.
Evidence Clearinghouses as Tools to Advance Health Equity: What We Know from a Systematic Scan
Authors: Hirsch Bomi Kim , Stevenson Michael C. , Givens Marjory L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEvidence clearinghouses evaluate and summarize literature to help decision-makers prioritize and invest in evidence-informed interventions. Clearinghouses and related practice-oriented tools are continuously evolving; however, it is unclear the extent to which these tools assess and summarize evidence describing an intervention’s impact on health equity. We conducted a systematic scan to explore how clearinghouses communicated an intervention’s equity impact and reviewed their underlying methods and how they defined and operationalized health equity. In 2021, we identified 18 clearinghouses that were US-focused, web-based registries of interventions that assigned an intervention effectiveness rating for improving community health and the social determinants of health. We reviewed each clearinghouse’s website and collected publicly available information about their health equity impact review, review methods, and health equity definitions and values. We conducted a comparative analysis among select clearinghouses using qualitative methods. Among the 18 clearinghouses, fewer than half (only seven) summarized an intervention’s potential impact on health equity. Overall, those seven clearinghouses defined and operationalized equity differently, and most lacked transparency in their review methods. Clearinghouses used one or more approaches to communicate findings from their review: summarize study findings on differential impact for subpopulations, curate interventions that reduce health disparities, and/or assign a disparity/equity rating to each intervention. Evidence clearinghouses can enhance equity-focused methods and be transparent in their underlying values to better support the uptake and implementation of evidence-informed interventions to advance health equity. However, clearinghouses are unable to do so without underlying equity-focused empirical evidence.
Assessing the specification of modelling language semantics: a study on UML PSSM
Authors: Elekes Márton , Molnár Vince , Micskei Zoltán 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModelling languages play a central role in developing complex, critical systems. A precise, comprehensible, and high-quality modelling language specification is essential to all stakeholders using, implementing, or extending the language. Many good practices can be found that improve the understandability or consistency of the languages’ semantics. However, designing a modelling language intended for a large audience is still challenging. In this paper, we investigate the challenges and typical issues with assessing the specifications of behavioural modelling language semantics. Our key insight is that the various stakeholder’s understandings of the language’s semantics are often misaligned, and the semantics defined in various artefacts (simulators, test suites) are inconsistent. Therefore assessment of semantics should focus on identifying and resolving these inconsistencies. To illustrate these challenges and techniques, we assessed parts of a state-of-the-art specification for a general-purpose modelling language, the Precise Semantics of UML State Machines (PSSM). We reviewed the text of the specification, analysed and executed PSSM’s conformance test suite, and categorised our experiences according to questions generally relevant to modelling languages. Finally, we made recommendations for improving the development of future modelling languages by representing the semantic domain and traces more explicitly, applying diverse test design techniques to obtain conformance test suites, and using various tools to support early-phase language design.
Initial motivation and drop-out in nursing and business administration programmes
Authors: Nesje Kjersti , Wiers-Jenssen Jannecke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
While intrinsic motivation is often seen as the ideal form of motivation for entering higher education, students may also have external motivations related to the life after graduation. There has been limited focus on how different enrolment motivations are related to dropping out of higher education. In this study, we investigated how motivations and dropping out are related in nursing programmes versus business administration programmes. The study demonstrates that type of motivation predicts the risk of dropping out differently for students of the two study programmes. For nursing students, intrinsic motivation reduces the risk of leaving the programme before completion, while for business administration students an instrumental type of motivation related to status and money reduces this. The study nuances the assumption that intrinsic motivation for choosing a study programme is the most favourable form of motivation when it comes to persistence through the programme.
Comprehensive characterization of the genetic landscape of familial Hirschsprung’s disease
Authors: Xiao Jun , Hao Lu-Wen , Wang Jing , Yu Xiao-Si , You Jing-Yi , Li Ze-Jian , Mao Han-Dan , Meng Xin-Yao , Feng Jie-Xiong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is one of the most common congenital digestive tract malformations and can cause stubborn constipation or gastrointestinal obstruction after birth, causing great physical and mental pain to patients and their families. Studies have shown that more than 20 genes are involved in HSCR, and most cases of HSCR are sporadic. However, the overall rate of familial recurrence in 4331 cases of HSCR is about 7.6%. Furthermore, familial HSCR patients show incomplete dominance. We still do not know the penetrance and genetic characteristics of these known risk genes due to the rarity of HSCR families.

Methods
To find published references, we used the title/abstract terms “Hirschsprung” and “familial” in the PubMed database and the MeSH terms “Hirschsprung” and “familial” in Web of Science. Finally, we summarized 129 HSCR families over the last 40 years.

Results
The male-to-female ratio and the percentage of short segment-HSCR in familial HSCR are much lower than in sporadic HSCR. The primary gene factors in the syndromic families are ret proto-oncogene (RET) and endothelin B receptor gene (EDNRB). Most families show incomplete dominance and are relevant to RET, and the RET mutation has 56% penetrance in familial HSCR. When one of the parents is a RET mutation carrier in an HSCR family, the offspring’s recurrence risk is 28%, and the incidence of the offspring does not depend on whether the parent suffers from HSCR.

Conclusion
Our findings will help HSCR patients obtain better genetic counseling, calculate the risk of recurrence, and provide new insights for future pedigree studies.
An efficient transition metal chalcogenide sensor for monitoring respiratory alkalosis
Authors: Kumbhakar Partha , Sha Mizaj Shabil , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Muthalif Asan G. A. , Al-maadeed Somaya , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor many biomedical applications, high-precision CO2 detection with a rapid response is essential. Due to the superior surface-active characteristics, 2D materials are particularly crucial for electrochemical sensors. The liquid phase exfoliation method of 2D Co2Te3 production is used to achieve the electrochemical sensing of CO2. The Co2Te3 electrode performs better than other CO2 detectors in terms of linearity, low detection limit, and high sensitivity. The outstanding physical characteristics of the electrocatalyst, including its large specific surface area, quick electron transport, and presence of a surface charge, can be credited for its extraordinary electrocatalytic activity. More importantly, the suggested electrochemical sensor has great repeatability, strong stability, and outstanding selectivity. Additionally, the electrochemical sensor based on Co2Te3 could be used to monitor respiratory alkalosis.
Investigation of land use changes using the landscape ecology approach in Maragheh City, Iran
Authors: Teimouri Raziyeh , Ghorbani Rasoul , Karbasi Pooran , Sharifi Ehsan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUrban development is an ongoing economic and social phenomenon that significantly impacts ecological systems. This study aims to investigate the land use changes and physical development patterns of Maragheh City and its effects on the urban landscape as a medium-sized city in the northwest of Iran. To reach this goal, land use maps for 1986, 1996, 2006, 2016, and 2020 were first processed from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 satellite images. ENVI 5.3 and ArcMap software were used to analyze land use alteration patterns, and FRAGSTATS software was used for land use metrics. The results indicate that constructed lands from 1986 to 2020 had the most changes and increased by 2157 ha, while green areas decreased by about 443 ha. This trend indicates the lack of land use integration and infill growth which created urban sprawl. Therefore, the growth pattern of Maragheh City in recent decades has followed scattered and unbalanced horizontal growth. There are significant ecological challenges in this area due to this trend, including the destruction of farms and fertile agricultural land and the replacement of it with scattered and incoherent urban and rural settlements.
The organization of the phycobilisome-photosystem I supercomplex depends on the ratio between two different phycobilisome linker proteins
Authors: Watanabe Mai , Ikeuchi Masahiko , Wilde Annegret 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe phycobilisome (PBS) is an antenna protein complex in cyanobacteria, Glaucocystophytes, and red algae. In the standard PBS, the rod-core PBS, the rods are connected to the core by the rod-core linker protein CpcG. The rod-core PBS transfers the light energy mainly to photosystem (PS) II and to a lesser extent to PSI. Cyanobacteria assemble another type of PBS, the CpcL-PBS, which consists of only one rod. This rod-type PBS is connected to the thylakoid membrane by the linker protein CpcL and is a PSI-specific antenna. In the filamentous heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. PCC 7120, the CpcL-PBS forms a complex with the tetrameric PSI (PBS-PSI supercomplex). The CpcL-PBS and the rod part of the rod-core PBS are identical except for the linker proteins CpcL and CpcG. How cells control the accumulation of the two different types of PBS is unknown. Here, we analyzed two mutant strains which either lack the major rod-core linker CpcG4 or overexpress the rod-membrane linker CpcL. In both mutant strains, more and larger PBS-PSI supercomplexes accumulated compared to the wild type. Our results suggest that CpcL and CpcG4 compete for the same phycobiliprotein pool, and therefore the CpcL/CpcG4 ratio determines the levels of PBS-PSI supercomplexes. We propose that the CpcL-PBS and the rod-core PBS fulfill distinct functions in light harvesting.
Graphical abstract