bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Research Methodology and Applications: A Primer for the Otolaryngologist
Authors: Phillips Katie M. , Tichavakunda Antar A. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveQualitative and mixed methods methodology is becoming more commonplace in otolaryngology as the field strives to understand more complex concepts of the ear, nose, and throat. This methodology can have tremendous utility in studies directed at patient‐centered care by offering practical insights and granular detail—directly from patients—which may not be realized by quantitative approaches.MethodsNarrative Review.ResultsThis review focuses on what questions can be answered by qualitative research, the basics of the underlying principals and different methodologies utilized, and describes the pearls, pitfalls, and rigor of qualitative research.ConclusionsThis understanding of qualitative inquiry is critical for the otolaryngologist to stay current on what is published and have the ability to include this in their research repertoire. Laryngoscope, 134:27–31, 2024
Epithelial Tight Junction Anomalies in Nasal Inverted Papilloma
Authors: Huang Zhi‐Qun , Zhou Xiang‐Min , Yuan Tian , Liu Jing , Ong Hsiao H. , Sun Li‐Ying , Tu Jun‐Hao , Li Meng‐Yue , Thong Kim T. M. , Ye Jing , Shi Li , Wang De‐Yun , Xu Yu 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesAs a critical component of the epithelial barrier, tight junctions (TJs) are essential in nasal mucosa against pathogen invasion. However, the function of TJs has rarely been reported in nasal inverted papilloma (NIP). This study aims to investigate the potential factors of TJs' abnormality in NIP.MethodsWe assessed the expression of ZO‐1, occludin, claudin‐1, claudin‐3, and claudin‐7 in healthy controls and NIP by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescent staining. The correlation between TJs expression and neutrophil count, TH1/TH2/TH17 and regulatory T cell biomarkers, and the proportion of nasal epithelial cells was investigated.ResultsUpregulation of ZO‐1, occludin, claudin‐1, and claudin‐7, along with downregulation of claudin‐3, was found in NIP compared to control (all p < 0.05). An abnormal proportion with a lower number of ciliated cells (control vs. NIP: 37.60 vs. 8.67) and goblet cells (12.52 vs. 0.33) together with a higher number of basal cells (45.58 vs. 124.00) in NIP. Meanwhile, claudin‐3 was positively correlated with ciliated and goblet cells (all p < 0.01). Additionally, neutrophils were excessively infiltrated in NIP, negatively correlated with ZO‐1, but positively with claudin‐3 (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, FOXP3, IL‐10, TGF‐β1, IL‐5, IL‐13, and IL‐22 levels were induced in NIP (all p < 0.01). Occludin level was negatively correlated with IL‐10, IL‐5, IL‐13, and IL‐22, whereas ZO‐1 was positively with TGF‐β1 (all p < 0.05).ConclusionNasal epithelial barrier dysfunction with TJs anomalies is commonly associated with abnormal proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells and imbalance of immune and inflammatory patterns in NIP.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:552–561, 2024
Amprenavir inhibits pepsin‐mediated laryngeal epithelial disruption and E‐cadherin cleavage in vitro
Authors: Samuels Tina L. , Blaine‐Sauer Simon , Yan Ke , Johnston Nikki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundLaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) causes chronic cough, throat clearing, hoarseness, and dysphagia and can promote laryngeal carcinogenesis. More than 20% of the US population suffers from LPR and there is no effective medical therapy. Pepsin is a predominant source of damage during LPR which disrupts laryngeal barrier function potentially via E‐cadherin cleavage proteolysis and downstream matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) dysregulation. Fosamprenavir (FDA‐approved HIV therapeutic and prodrug of amprenavir) is a pepsin‐inhibiting LPR therapeutic candidate shown to rescue damage in an LPR mouse model. This study aimed to examine amprenavir protection against laryngeal monolayer disruption and related E‐cadherin proteolysis and MMP dysregulation in vitro.MethodsLaryngeal (TVC HPV) cells were exposed to buffered saline, pH 7.4 or pH 4 ± 1 mg/mL pepsin ± amprenavir (10–60 min). Analysis was performed by microscopy, Western blot, and real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).ResultsAmprenavir (1 μM) rescued pepsin acid‐mediated cell dissociation (p < .05). Pepsin acid caused E‐cadherin cleavage indicative of regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) and increased MMP‐1,3,7,9,14 24‐h postexposure (p < .05). Acid alone did not cause cell dissociation or E‐cadherin cleavage. Amprenavir (10 μM) protected against E‐cadherin cleavage and MMP‐1,9,14 induction (p < .05).ConclusionsAmprenavir, at serum concentrations achievable provided the manufacturer's recommended dose of fosamprenavir for HIV, protects against pepsin‐mediated cell dissociation, E‐cadherin cleavage, and MMP dysregulation thought to contribute to barrier dysfunction and related symptoms during LPR. Fosamprenavir to amprenavir conversion by laryngeal epithelia, serum and saliva, and relative drug efficacies in an LPR mouse model are under investigation to inform development of inhaled formulations for LPR.
A Runge theorem for generalized analytic functions
Authors: Campana Camilo , Hounie Jorge Guillermo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe show an approximation theorem of Runge type for solutions of the generalized Vekua equation , where L belongs to a class of degenerate elliptic planar vector fields and . To prove the theorem, we make use of an integral representation for the solutions of the generalized Vekua equation valid on relatively compact sets. As an application, we study the global solvability of the equation with and some of its consequences.
A comparative study of clinical outcome in ALT free flap reconstruction using superficial or deep and single or dual recipient vein anastomosis in different sites
Authors: Nagabhushanaiah Manjunath K. , Srinivas Venkatesh M. , Parasuramulu Sunmathi B. , Surapaneni Lahari , Hegde Ranjitha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring the free flap surgery obtaining a suitable recipient vein is an important factor for successful outcome. As in all other flaps even in ALT flap, single or double venous anastomosis, superficial or deep venous anastomosis is still a matter of debate among the micro vascular surgeons. Though dual vein anastomosis is a time‐tested method, single vein anastomosis has the advantage of reducing the operative time and hospitalization cost. Similarly, in situation where the deep veins are dubious superficial veins are savior. This study explores the outcome of ALT flap using different system of recipient veins.Patients and MethodsRetrospective analysis of the 54 free ALT flaps performed over a period of 5 years from June 2017 till June 2022, was carried out. Out of 54, 38 (63%) were male patients and 16 (37%) were females. The outcome of the flaps was evaluated in single or dual anastomosis group. Similarly, the outcome of the flaps with deep or superficial vein anastomosis was also evaluated. The flaps outcomes are evaluated as favorable (successful as well as partial loss are considered as favorable) and unfavorable (complete loss of the flap).ResultsAmong the 54 flaps, 31 patients had lower limb reconstruction, majority were post‐traumatic defects. Twenty patients had head and neck reconstruction following post malignancy excision. Three patients had upper‐limb reconstruction for post traumatic and burn injury defects. The outcome was analyzed. Twenty patients had dual vein anastomosis, 90% (18 out of 20) of patients had favorable outcome and 10% (2 out of 20) had unfavorable outcome. Thirty‐four patients underwent single vein anastomosis, 94% had favorable outcome and 6% had unfavorable outcome. The result was not statistically significant as p < .05. Seven patients underwent superficial vein recipient anastomosis, and all flaps were (100%) successful and no failure, whereas out of 27 patients who had undergone deep vein anastomosis 25 (92%) had favorable outcome and 2 (8%) had unfavorable outcome. The results were not statistically significant as p > .05.ConclusionAs in other free flaps venous anastomosis compromise is the cause for flap failure in majority of the times. Whenever possible, dual vein anastomosis should be considered. But when impervious, single vein anastomosis can be resorted to without any hesitation. Similarly, unavailability of deep veins should not deter the surgeons. Superficial veins were a savior in such situation and can be advantageous too.
Improving motion robustness of 3D MR fingerprinting with a fat navigator
Authors: Hu Siyuan , Chen Yong , Zong Xiaopeng , Lin Weili , Griswold Mark , Ma Dan 
Published: June 2023

PurposeTo develop a 3D MR fingerprinting (MRF) method in combination with fat navigators to improve its motion robustness for neuroimaging.MethodsA rapid fat navigator was developed using the stack‐of‐spirals acquisition and non‐Cartesian spiral GRAPPA. The fat navigator module was implemented in the 3D MRF sequence with high scan efficiency. The developed method was first validated in phantoms and five healthy subjects with intentional head motion. The method was further applied to infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal symptoms. The 3D MRF scans with fat navigators acquired with and without acceleration along the partition‐encoding direction were both examined in the study.ResultsBoth phantom and in vivo results demonstrated that the added fat navigator modules did not influence the quantification accuracy in MRF. In combination with non‐Cartesian spiral GRAPPA, a rapid fat navigator sampling with whole‐brain coverage was achieved in ˜0.5 s at 3T, reducing its sensitivity to potential motion. Based on the motion waveforms extracted from fat navigators, the motion robustness of the 3D MRF was largely improved. With the proposed method, the motion‐corrupted MRF datasets yielded T1 and T2 maps with significantly reduced artifacts and high correlations with measurements from the reference motion‐free MRF scans.ConclusionWe developed a 3D MRF method coupled with rapid fat navigators to improve its motion robustness for quantitative neuroimaging. Our results demonstrate that (1) accurate tissue quantification was preserved with the fat navigator modules and (2) the motion robustness for quantitative tissue mapping was largely improved with the developed method.
3D diffusion MRI with twin navigator‐based GRASE and comparison with 2D EPI for tractography in the human brain
Authors: Li Haotian , Zu Tao , Chen Ruike , Ba Ruicheng , Hsu Yi‐Cheng , Sun Yi , Zhang Yi , Wu Dan 
Published: June 2023

Purpose3D pulse sequences enable high‐resolution acquisition with a high SNR and ideal slice profiles, which, however, is particularly difficult for diffusion MRI (dMRI) due to the additional phase errors from diffusion encoding.MethodsWe proposed a twin navigator‐based 3D diffusion‐weighted gradient spin‐echo (GRASE) sequence to correct the phase errors between shots and between odd and even spin echoes for human whole‐brain acquisition. We then compared the SNR of 3D GRASE and 2D simultaneous multi‐slice EPI within the same acquisition time. We further tested the performance of 2D versus 3D acquisition at equivalent SNR on fiber tracking and microstructural mapping, using the diffusion tensor and high‐order fiber orientation density–based metrics.ResultsThe proposed twin navigator approach removed multi‐shot phase errors to some extent in the whole brain dMRI, and the 2D navigator performed better than the 1D navigator. Comparisons of SNR between the 2D simultaneous multi‐slice EPI and 3D GRASE sequences demonstrated that the SNR of the GRASE sequence was 1.4–1.5‐fold higher than the EPI sequence at an equivalent scan time. More importantly, we found a significantly higher fiber cross‐section in the cerebrospinal tract, as well as richer subcortical fibers (U‐fibers) using the 3D GRASE sequence compared to 2D EPI.ConclusionThe twin navigator‐based 3D diffusion‐weighted‐GRASE sequence minimized the multishot phase error and effectively improved the SNR for whole‐brain dMRI acquisition. We found differences in fiber tracking and microstructural mapping between 2D and 3D acquisitions, possibly due to the different slice profiles.
Hybrid genetic algorithm for undirected traveling salesman problems with profits
Authors: He Pengfei , Hao Jin‐Kao , Wu Qinghua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe orienteering problem (OP) and prize‐collecting traveling salesman problem (PCTSP) are two typical TSPs with profits, in which each vertex has a profit and the goal is to visit several vertices to optimize the collected profit and travel costs. The OP aims to collect the maximum profit without exceeding the given travel cost. The PCTSP seeks to minimize the travel costs while ensuring a minimum profit threshold. This study introduces a hybrid genetic algorithm that addresses both the OP and PCTSP under a unified framework. The algorithm combines an extended edge‐assembly crossover operator to produce promising offspring solutions, and an effective local search to ameliorate each offspring solution. The algorithm is further enforced by diversification‐oriented mutation and population‐diversity management. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the method competes favorably with the best existing methods in terms of both the solution quality and computational efficiency. Additional experiments provide insights into the roles of the key components of the proposed method.
How does technology‐based monitoring affect street‐level bureaucrats' behavior? An analysis of body‐worn cameras and police actions
Authors: Kang Inkyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBody‐worn cameras may produce varying effects on police behavior, depending on the agency‐specific accountability context in which the technology adoption is embedded. The cameras may encourage coercive police actions when acquired to incentivize performance, such as by protecting officers from false complaints. By contrast, when acquired to enhance procedural accountability, such as by enabling closer scrutiny of officer misconduct, the cameras may discourage coercive police actions. Based on this framework, this study examined the case of the New Orleans Police Department, an agency that implemented a body‐worn camera program to enhance both performance and procedural accountability. Results of Bayesian structural time‐series modeling with synthetic control show that the program increased the number of investigatory stops and follow‐up measures (i.e., frisk, search, citation, arrest) while decreasing the ratio of more‐to‐less coercive measures during stops (i.e., arrest/citation‐to‐warning ratio and search‐to‐frisk ratio). However, the program had a null effect on the minority‐to‐White suspect ratio, despite the agency's bias‐free policing initiative. The percentage of frisks and searches detecting drugs or weapons also declined. A broader implication of the findings is that technology‐based monitoring mechanisms are important, but not a silver bullet for improving the behavior of street‐level bureaucrats.
Divergent evolution of metachronous follicular lymphoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue from a common precursor
Authors: Tzioni Maria‐Myrsini , Wotherspoon Andrew , Chen Zi , Cucco Francesco , Makker Jasmine , Du Ming‐Qing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe translocation t(14;18)(q32:q21)/IGH::BCL2 occurs at the pre‐B stage of B‐cell development in the bone marrow and is insufficient for malignant transformation, although it leads to the formation of in situ follicular B‐cell neoplasia (ISFN). Despite that, the translocation is the genetic hallmark of follicular lymphoma (FL), it occurs infrequently in metachronous/synchronous lymphomas, including extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (EMZL), mantle cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. In each of these scenarios, the two lymphomas often appear to be clonally related by analyses of IGH::BCL2 and/or rearranged IG genes. However, it remains largely unknown whether one lymphoma originates from the other or they develop independently. We studied five cases of metachronous EMZL and FL. In four cases, the two lymphomas were clonally related, as shown by identical IGH::BCL2 and/or rearranged IG genes or shared mutations. There were common and unique mutations between the paired EMZL and FL, indicating that they developed independently from a common premalignant cell population, harbouring IGH::BCL2 in three cases. Furthermore, case 1 presented with three metachronous FLs, and all of them originated from a common precursor cell population via divergent evolution. Our findings highlight the multi‐malignant potential of IGH::BCL2‐positive B‐cells. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
ELF3 suppresses gallbladder cancer development through downregulation of the EREG/EGFR/mTOR complex 1 signalling pathway
Authors: Nakamura Takeharu , Nishikawa Yoshihiro , Shiokawa Masahiro , Takeda Haruhiko , Yokode Masataka , Matsumoto Shimpei , Muramoto Yuya , Ota Sakiko , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Okada Hirokazu , Kuwada Takeshi , Marui Saiko , Matsumori Tomoaki , Maruno Takahisa , Uza Norimitsu , Kodama Yuzo , Hatano Etsuro , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains poor, and a better understanding of GBC molecular mechanisms is important. Genome sequencing of human GBC has demonstrated that loss‐of‐function mutations of E74‐like ETS transcription factor 3 (ELF3) are frequently observed, with ELF3 considered to be a tumour suppressor in GBC. To clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ELF3 suppresses GBC development, we performed in vivo analysis using a combination of autochthonous and allograft mouse models. We first evaluated the clinical significance of ELF3 expression in human GBC tissues and found that low ELF3 expression was associated with advanced clinical stage and deep tumour invasion. For in vivo analysis, we generated Pdx1‐Cre; KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Elf3f/f (KPCE) mice and Pdx1‐Cre; KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Elf3wt/wt (KPC) mice as a control and analysed their gallbladders histologically. KPCE mice developed larger papillary lesions in the gallbladder than those developed by KPC mice. Organoids established from the gallbladders of KPCE and KPC mice were analysed in vitro. RNA sequencing showed upregulated expression of epiregulin (Ereg) in KPCE organoids, and western blotting revealed that EGFR/mechanical targets of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) were upregulated in KPCE organoids. In addition, ChIP assays on Elf3‐overexpressing KPCE organoids showed that ELF3 directly regulated Ereg. Ereg deletion in KPCE organoids (using CRISPR/Cas9) induced EGFR/mTORC1 downregulation, indicating that ELF3 controlled EGFR/mTORC1 activity through regulation of Ereg expression. We also generated allograft mouse models using KPCE and KPC organoids and found that KPCE organoid allograft tumours exhibited poorly differentiated structures with mTORC1 upregulation and mesenchymal phenotype, which were suppressed by Ereg deletion. Furthermore, EGFR/mTORC1 inhibition suppressed cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in KPCE organoids. Our results suggest that ELF3 suppresses GBC development via downregulation of EREG/EGFR/mTORC1 signalling. EGFR/mTORC1 inhibition is a potential therapeutic option for GBC with ELF3 mutation. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
NCI intramural program approach to rare tumors: Natural history study of rare solid tumors in children and adults: A longitudinal, comprehensive data and biospecimen collection protocol
Authors: Wedekind Mary Frances , Reilly Karlyne M. , Rivero Jaydira Del , Lockridge Robin , Allen Taryn , Raygada Margarita , Bernstein Donna , Thomas Barbara J. , Vivelo Christina , Levine Jason , Shonkoev Nurlan , Aldape Kenneth , Glod John , Sandler Abby B. , Widemann Brigitte C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRare tumors across the world are lacking adequate knowledge, resources, and community. Through partnership with patients, advocacy organizations, researchers, and clinicians, we have developed a comprehensive, longitudinal, prospective, and retrospective natural history protocol to collect, analyze, and share data on patients with rare tumors. A strong collaborative effort is vital to ensure success of enrollment, patient engagement, data collection, and analysis to ultimately develop clinical trials to improve outcomes for patients with rare cancers.
The effect of diatomite dosage on physical, mechanical, and rheological creep properties of poplar wood/polypropylene composites
Authors: Li Xiangrui , Han Mengyao , Liu Mingli , Le Lei , Meng Lipeng , Lin Yu , Yu Jiaming , Meng Lingyu , Li Chunfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study investigates the influence of micron‐sized diatomite dosage on the physical, mechanical, rheological, and creep properties of poplar wood/polypropylene (PW/PP) composites to enhance their toughness and practicality. The diatomite‐PW/PP composites were prepared using the melt extrusion method, replacing different proportions of PW with diatomite, and subsequently evaluated for their properties. The results indicate that adding diatomite enhances the density while reducing the brightness and water absorption of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy, analysis reveals a uniform distribution of diatomite in the range of 5–10 wt%, which effectively serves as a filler and reinforcing agent, consequently improving the toughness of the composite system. Specifically, the impact strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break are enhanced by 25.9%, 9.5%, and 35.7%, respectively. Furthermore, creep rheological analysis demonstrates improved processability and creep resistance in the composite system.
Improvement of catheter tip morphology by mold material used for tip‐forming process
Authors: Lee Gye Jun , Jun Wonjin , Lee Han Chang , Choi Seong Wook , Kim Gyu Man , Kim Woojin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs interventional procedures using catheters have rapidly developed, accordingly, the incidence of polymeric embolization is also increasing, with the main cause being the flash generated during tip forming of the catheter. This study has performed to change the material of the mold used to form catheter tips to prevent flash, which is a cause of polymeric embolism. The tip‐forming performance and the flash generation according to the main parameters of the tip‐forming process were analyzed: power, heating, cooling time, and insertion pressure. In addition, we observed the effect of flash suppression according to temperature sensitivity by changing the mold material considering thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity. In particular, considering the glass transition temperature of HDPE (high‐density polyethylene), which is applied to sheath and dilator catheters, the most stable tip forming proceeds when the temperature near the tip inside the mold was about 130°C. We verified experimentally and numerically that the temperature of the pins comprising the mold plays an important role in flash generation and confirmed that the viscosity of the polymer melts is lower at 120°C than at 90°C of the pin, and flash is minimized because of the shear‐thinning behavior of the polymer melts.