bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying Feature Detection to XPCS Image Processing
Authors: Xu Yihui , Tong Yajun , Hu Menglu , Fan Jiadong , Jiang Huaidong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sequential X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) reveals sample dynamics by analyzing a series of coherent scattering images, which is often time-consuming. For applications like real-time XPCS analysis, high efficiency is desired. Pixel binning is a straightforward strategy to reduce the processing time, but over-binning may result in an insufficient signal-to-noise ratio. In this work, feature detection is applied to obtain the optimal binning factor for the XPCS image processing. Results show that under optimal binning, the processing time is reduced by more than one order of magnitude. In addition, it is illustrated that feature detection could potentially be applied to other coherent imaging and scattering techniques such as coherent diffraction imaging (CDI).
Influence of the threshold settings of photon counting detectors on the observed speckle contrast in coherent scattering experiments
Authors: Dallari Francesco , Westermeier Fabian , Sprung Michael , Martinelli Alessandro , Monaco Giulio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Speckle-based experiments, in particular X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS), are among the ones that benefit most from the development of next generation light sources. The key quantity that determines whether or not it will be possible to perform an XPCS experiment is the speckle contrast β, which measures the visibility of the speckle pattern. The speckle contrast is influenced by geometrical conditions and light-source properties [1], and recently it has been noticed that artifacts in photon-counting detectors strongly interfere with the determination of the real value of β when the number of detected photons per frame is extremely low [2]. Here we report how the threshold setting of a photon counting detector, an EIGER X 4M, affects the detected contrast even at non extreme illumination conditions (0.01-0.05 photons/pixel/second). We found that by increasing the threshold value, not only leads to the expected drop in detected intensity, but also to a significant increase in the value of β. Additionally we will present an in-operando situation in which the higher threshold helps critically to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured scattering pattern resulting in a five-fold increment of the speckle contrast.
White light-induced halide segregation in triple-cation mixed halide perovskites studied by in-situ fast scanning nano-XRF at the NANOSCOPIUM beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL
Authors: Loncle A. , Kim M. , Geffroy B. , Gautam S. , Plantevin O. , Jacques V.L.R. , Medjoubi K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In-situ study of the variation of the chemical composition of triple-cation mixed halide perovskites Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 under visible light illumination performed by Fast Scanning Nano Hard X-ray Fluorescence Imaging revealed the migration and irreversible phase separation of halide ions into micro-meter sized clusters.
Non-resonant and resonant X-ray emission at high pressure using a von Hámos setup: the case of FeO
Authors: Albers Christian , Thiering Nicola , Sakrowski Robin , Gretarsson Hlynur , Kaa Johannes , Sundermann Martin , Tolan Metin , Wilke Max , Sternemann Christian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present a setup exploiting a von Hámos spectrometer in order to study (resonant) X-ray emission of matter exposed to high pressure. The capabilities of this setup are demonstrated for the case of FeO at pressures between 13 GPa and 75 GPa. The setup provides high-quality Kβ
1,3 X-ray emission spectra at high pressures for iron spin state analysis within minutes and iron valence-to-core spectra in less than one hour. Resonant X-ray emission maps can be obtained on a timescale of one hour with 1.0 eV and in approximately 3 hours with 0.2 eV incident energy resolution. Both Kα and Kβ emission can be utilized to gain L-edge and M-edge-like information, respectively, with the option of measuring both simultaneously. The spin state results on FeO between 13 GPa and 75 GPa are in accordance with recent literature. The structural distortion is reflected in both, valence-to-core spectra and resonant X-ray emission maps, which showcase the great potential of the presented setup. The achieved data acquisition times are promising to couple pressure with temperature by laser heating.
In-vacuum Helmholtz coils for pulsed magnetic fields studying ultrafast demagnetization
Authors: Riepp M , Müller L , Philippi-Kobs A , Walther M , Roseker W , Rysov R , Marotzke S , Bagschik K , Buck J , Frömter R , Wagner J , Capotondi F , Pedersoli E , Naumenko D , Kiskinova M , Oepen H P , Viefhaus J , Grübel G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The availability of sub 100 fs short and highly intense free-electron laser (FEL) pulses allows for new insights in laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization (LID) of ferromagnetic thin films on nanometer length scales. We designed a pair of in-vacuum Helmholtz coils, providing pulsed magnetic fields up to µ
0
Hz
= ±45 mT, for time-resolved experiments at FEL sources in transmission geometry. We report on the implementation of the Helmholtz coils in an optical-pump–resonant-magnetic-scattering (tr-XRMS) experiment at the FEL FERMI (Elettra, Trieste) to study LID in different magnetic domain networks. We discuss the limitations for multi-shot measurements, that rely on the full reversibility of the demagnetization process in-between two pump–probe events, and emphasize the importance of reference–pump–probe schemes, especially in tr-XRMS experiments that employ external Hz
fields.
Recent advances in time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy at MAX IV and PETRA III storage rings
Authors: Omelkov S I , Chernenko K , Ekström J C , Jurgilaitis A , Khadiev A , Kivimäki A , Kotlov A , Kroon D , Larsson J , Nagirnyi V , Novikov D V , Pham V-T , Pärna R , Romet I , Saaring J , Schostak I , Tiirinen E , Tõnisoo A , Kirm M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Short-wavelength synchrotron radiation excitation has been an indispensable tool in the studies of the properties of wide gap materials using time-resolved low-temperature luminescence spectroscopy. In recent years, several setups for such investigations have been launched at MAX IV Laboratory and Photon Science at DESY. Two permanently stationed time-resolved luminescence setups at FinEstBeAMS and P66 beamlines are in operation at MAX IV 1.5 GeV and Petra III storage rings, respectively. Mobile luminescence setups have been developed for studies at FemtoMAX and P23 beamlines. FinEstBeAMS, P66 and P23 provide time resolution from ∼160 to 100 ps. The FemtoMAX photon source based on an in-vacuum undulator getting an electron beam from the 3 GeV linear accelerator provides an exceptional time resolution of ∼30 ps, limited by time response of the photodetector. The performance of the setups, achieved milestones and research challenges are discussed for four new luminescence stations available for the research community with the main focus on time-resolved techniques.
Development of Time- and Energy-Resolved Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Kitao S. , Masuda R. , Fujihara T. , Tajima H. , Nagasawa N. , Yoda Y. , Masuda T. , Yoshimura K. , Seto M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Synchrotron-radiation based Mössbauer spectroscopy has become a useful technique capable for investigating various Mössbauer isotopes. For a typical experimental setup, the information associated with the pulse height (that is, energy) in an avalanche photodiode (APD) detector has not been used effectively. By using a system for simultaneous measurement system of time and energy associated with the APD signal, a system for the time- and energy-resolved Mössbauer spectroscopy has been developed. In this system, the pulse height information was converted to the time information through an amplitude-to-time converter applied to one of the divided signals from the APD. The corresponding time information was processed separately from another one of the divided signals. Both signals are recorded by a multi-channel scaler in an event-by-event data acquisition process. The velocity information from the Mössbauer transducer was also recorded as a tag for each signal event. Thus, the Mössbauer spectra with any time- and energy-window can be reconstructed after the data collection process. This system can be used for many purposes in time- and energy-resolved Mössbauer spectroscopy, and shows significant promise for use with other fast detectors and for various types of experiments.
Laying the groundwork of an in vivo macromolecular crystallography platform at Synchrotron SOLEIL
Authors: Leymarie O , Montaville P , Brewee C , Isabet T , Pineau B , Vasireddi R , Chavas L M G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The identification of protein crystals naturally occurring inside cells and organisms has opened a window for a new type of macromolecular crystallography (MX) and structural biology, referred to as in vivo MX. In the past decade, there have been efforts to obtain deeper insights into the yet uncontrollable events dictating in vivo crystal growth, by further developing sample handling and delivery procedures and applying these techniques to the structure determination and analysis of readily available ivMX systems. To facilitate the use of ivMX by the larger community, milestones for the implementation of a complete pipeline have been set at Synchrotron SOLEIL (France).
Classification of heart rhythm disturbances based on BSPM measurements
Authors: Przysucha B , Rymarczyk T , Wójcik D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The multitude of measurement data obtained from BSPM (Body Surface Potential Mapping) requires automatic detection and classification methods to detect disturbances. The article describes the method of classification of heart rate disorders based on the characteristics of signals from sensors. For the research, a coefficient was created that allows the classification of cardiac arrhythmias in the BSPM measurements. In addition, BSPM signals were simulated using a system constructed for testing an innovative measuring vest with 102 measuring electrodes.
Influence of alternating electromagnetic field on somatic reactions of pathogens
Authors: Kiełbasa P. , Dróżdż T. , Miernik A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Outbreaks of new infectious diseases are occurring with increasing frequency and consequences, including wildlife diseases and zoonoses. The increasing emergence of infectious pathogens has many causes, all related to increasing anthropogenic impacts on nature. Some studies show how exposure to fields can enhance or reduce cellular activity, with possible application implications in the field of biotechnology. The effects of magnetic fields at the cellular level in microbial cells may include cell viability and proliferation, apoptosis, morphological changes, changes in metabolic and enzymatic activities, changes in ion transport into the cell, and genotoxicity and changes in gene expression. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the somatic response of pathogen cells used in biotechnological processes exposed to an alternating electromagnetic field with a constant frequency of 50 Hz in three variants of exposure time. It was found that stimulation with an alternating electromagnetic field affects the somatic responses of microorganisms represented by their growth. The responses of the studied microorganisms are also related to their morphology.
Optimization of the control process of a micro-cooling unit based on Peltier modules
Authors: Knaga J. , Lis S. , Famielec S. , Bojdo K. , Łyszczarz P. , Machaczka M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A properly configured control system is a necessary condition for the proper functioning of every technical setup or process. Today, such systems are based on digital electronic devices and are often part of critical infrastructure ensuring the continuity of services of key importance for the functioning of society. There are many documented cases of control system failures due to software errors. One of the most common errors is: the system is not immune to interference. Hence, the article proposes a method for analyzing the control systems implemented at the design stage through modeling and computer simulation in the Matlab-Simulink environment. It should be emphasized that the costs associated with the removal of possible system errors at the design stage are the lowest.
Analysis of the efficiency of a double-axis control system of a PV power plant in a solar tracking system
Authors: Tomasik M , Knaga J , Lis S , Łyszczarz P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A prototype control system for a PV power plant was constructed with the movement following the position of the Sun, where the position control takes place in two planes. The principle of operation is based on comparing the voltage values of small PV modules constituting the measurement system. With the use of this stand, the dynamics of changes in light intensity as a function of electricity production using a PV cell was analyzed. The value of energy from two PV cells was compared with the determined efficiency index as the ratio of energy obtained from a follow-motion controlled PV cell to the energy obtained from a stationary cell. The amount of energy generated from the follow-up PV system in the analyzed period exceeds the stationary system in the range from 5% to 74%, depending on the climatic conditions on the observed day.
Implementation of a commercial PAN network in the tracking system using the techniques of radio tomographic imaging
Authors: Styła M , Adamkiewicz P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The work on the project was focused on the implementation of a commercial PAN network in the radio tomography system as a more precise method of tracking objects inside buildings that do not require the presence of a user device. The solution was to be an alternative to inaccurate systems using beacons and scaling the RSSI indicator.
Electromagnetic field in electric and hybrid cars
Authors: Sztafrowski D , Winiarz J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In recent years rapid development of electromobility has been observed and hybrid and electric cars are becoming more and more popular. Their attractiveness is influenced by the reduction of exhaust gas emissions thanks to the use of electric drives. However, the use of this type of drive also raises some concerns, because people using this type of transport are in close proximity to the vehicle's electrical installation, which generates an electromagnetic field. High current values, up to several hundred amperes, can be the source of significant values of the fields affecting the organisms of passengers. In this paper, the authors discuss the results of several recent studies of the levels of electromagnetic interactions encountered in electrically powered cars and present the results of their own measurements made on two types of vehicles.
Improving the tomographic image by enhancing the machine learning algorithm
Authors: Rymarczyk T , Kłosowski G , Kozłowski E , Sikora J , Adamkiewicz P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hyperparameter optimization in machine learning models may help enhance the efficiency of obtaining high-quality tomographic pictures, the purpose of this paper. In the discipline of electrical impedance tomography, machine learning techniques are utilized to translate voltage measurements into reconstruction pictures. Because of this, the so-called "inverse problem" arises, whereby the optimal answer must be sought. Effective machine learning relies heavily on the appropriate choice of model coefficients (hyperparameters). As a consequence, the strategies used to improve this choice have an indirect effect on the final reconstruction. The K-nearest neighbors strategy may be utilized to improve a machine learning model based on linear regression and classification models, as we show in this paper. Electrical tomography, a technology that analyses flood embankments from the interior to measure their structural integrity, makes use of the methods outlined above. The data gathered shows that the suggested solutions work.
Application of classification trees to identify embankment seepage
Authors: Król K , Rymarczyk T , Niderla K , Oleszek M , Bożek P , Tchórzewski P , Kozłowski E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article discusses a method to control seepage in shafts. A special shaft model was built for this purpose. The paper mainly focuses on electrical impedance tomography with image reconstruction where the machine learning method was used, then the reconstruction results were compared and different numerical models were applied. The key parameters in electrical tomography are the speed of analysis and the accuracy of the reconstructed objects. Applications most often present challenges in obtaining spatial data from observations outside the measurement limits. Inverse problems are solved to obtain the reconstruction algorithm. The main advantage of the discussed solution is the possibility of analysing multidimensional data as well as high processing speed. Classification trees were used to obtain feedback on the degree of embankment seepage.
The application of a pulsed electric field to modify the time-temperature characteristics of the birch wood combustion process
Authors: Popardowski E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The aim of the presented research was to determine the influence of the pulsating electric field on the time-temperature characteristics of the combustion heat of birch wood sawdust. Two variants of the electric field were used in the research - with a field strength of 25 kV·cm-1 and 30 kV·cm-1 and in both cases the number of 300 capacitor discharges (pulses). The results were compared to the untreated PEF sample. The parameters selected for the study were the result of previously conducted pilot experiments. As a result of the conducted experiments, it was shown that the pulsating electric field influences the time-temperature characteristics of birch wood. The changes mainly concern the duration of individual process stages and are focused on the main and final period. The decisive factor in changing the properties of sawdust is the intensity of the electric field.
Current-voltage simulation analysis of MIS structure utilizing aluminium nitride on high resistivity silicon
Authors: Attaullah Nur Bashirouh , Hong Chua Jia , Zawawi Mohamad Adzhar Md , Hashim Nur Zatil Ismah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
High resistivity silicon is increasingly becoming one of the subjects of interest in optimizing the performance of MIS photodetectors as it offers better bias responses compared to low resistivity silicon. The incorporation of thin AlN as the tunnelling insulator in MIS structure utilizing high resistivity silicon has shown promising photocurrent to dark current ratios, suggesting potential integration of the structure. In this work, the MIS structure on high resistivity silicon with AlN tunnelling insulator is simulated and empirically modelled using previous experimental work. The effects of substrate resistivity and AlN thickness are then evaluated. Simulation work shows good agreement with the previous experimental work, except for the photocurrent characteristics in the inversion region, where the recorded values are 107 magnitude lower than the reported experimental values. The photocurrent characteristics for MIS structures on high resistivity silicon is recorded to be higher than the structures on low resistivity silicon. Meanwhile, both dark current and photocurrent increases with decreasing AlN thickness up until 1 nm. Lastly, no conclusive evidence from this simulation work to show any tunnelling behaviour in the inversion region for all cases.
Dosimetric characteristics investigation of ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer film for radiation applications
Authors: Thabit Hammam Abdurabu , Kabir Norlaili A. , Ismail Abd Khamim , Saleh Muneer Aziz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The dosimetric properties of synthetic ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer film are investigated. The proposed dosimeter was prepared by radio frequency and direct current RF/DC sputtering and irradiated with X-ray doses up to 4 Gy. The properties of thermoluminescence (TL) such as glow curve, dose-response, homogeneity batches, sensitivity, minimum detectable dose (MMD), precision, kinetic parameters (activation energy E, frequency factor S), and percentage depth dose (PDD) were studied. The thin film appeared to have an excellent linear response, and the sensitivity was almost twice the commercial TLD. The readout of the homogeneity and PDD are the same properties of TLD-100. These desirable qualities demonstrated the versatility of this novel synthetic thin film in applications involving radiation detection.
Facile low temperature processed nanostructure ZnO QD based thin films for potential perovskite solar cell: thickness dependence of crystal and electrical properties.
Authors: Muhammad S , Nomaan A T , Olaoye A O , Bello M , Zyoud S H , Idris M I , Rashid M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The precipitation-spin coating technique is employed to prepare nanostructure ZnO quantum dot (QD) films at different thicknesses. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the polycrystalline thin film growth along (101) plane and crystallinity improvement with thickness rise. The increase in thickness causes an increase (5.14 - 7.73 nm) and a decrease (3.39- 3.22 eV) in grain size and bandgap respectively. At optimized thickness, the ZnO QD thin film exhibits 72 % transmittance with the lowest resistivity of 16.24 x 10-2 Ωcm and highest carrier mobility of 15.38 cm2/Vs rendering it viable for potential utilization as an electron transport layer for perovskite devices.
Minimum Inhibition Concentration of surface-modified ZnO nanostructures on Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Bakhori Siti Khadijah Mohd , Mahmud Shahrom , Hamzah Siti Nasuha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were estimated for three types of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on a Gram-positive bacterial species: Streptococcus mutans. The structural properties of these nanoparticles, designated as ZnO-A, ZnO-K, and ZnO-Ax, were characterized using the techniques of field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Both MIC and MBC were evaluated using a series of dilutions (serial dilution) in a 96-microtiter plate following the standard method CLSI M100-Ed32. The commercial ZnO-K nanoparticle had the largest average crystallite size, i.e., 42 nm followed by ZnO-A (37.5 nm), and ZnO-Ax (37.8 nm). ZnO-Ax was synthesized via post-oxygen annealing, while ZnO-A was prepared via energy combustion. All three ZnO nanoparticles yielded a similar MIC value, i.e., 0.156 mM, in S. mutans. However, the colony-forming unit (CFU/mL) at 0.156 mM varied among the ZnO particles. The ZnO-Ax nanoparticle had the lowest colony number in S. mutans, suggesting that the ZnO-Ax gave better inhibition towards the bacteria, probably due to its high surface area and O: Zn ratio (1.09) that enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species generation for antibacterial activity compared to ZnO-A and ZnO-K.