bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confirmation bias studies: towards a scientific theory in the humanities
Authors: Rist Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article argues that a global crisis of interpretation can and should be confronted by humanities programmes in UK and similar universities. It contends that raising the standards of proof for theoretical models of interpretation in the humanities will help reverse erosions of trust undermining democratic institutions and expertise. To this end, it considers how financial challenges facing UK universities mould the teaching of theory in the humanities and the knowledge this teaching gives rise to. The article considers how standards of proof from the social sciences can interrogate theory in these conditions, developing it and increasing its assurance. The essay illustrates this claim through a series of sample theories and literary works: Roland Barthes’ ‘Death of the Author’, the Orientalism derived of Edward Said, Chinua Achebe’s novelThings Fall Apartand Jung Chang’sWild Swans: Three Daughters of China. From these examples the essay draws larger conclusions, the biggest of which is a new subfield of study for the humanities: Confirmation Bias Studies. The article is structured as follows. In ‘Part 1: Introduction’, the article considers the openness of literary theory to confirmation bias, which is considered historically, in cognitive processes, especially those processes in the age of the internet, and in educational processes in the humanities. In ‘Part 2: Procedure’, the article explores the challenges of applying a confirmation bias approach to literary theory as a means of interpretation. In ‘Part 3: Conclusion’, the article summarises the key strategies for overcoming confirmation bias in theoretical approaches to the humanities discovered in the article.
Rapid Formation of the Ellice and Osbourn Basins and Ontong Java Nui Breakup Kinematics
Authors: Davidson P. C. , Koppers A. A. P. , Konter J. G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBreakup of the proposed greater Ontong Java Nui large igneous province during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron can be constrained by the opening of the Ellice Basin (EB) separating the Ontong Java and Manihiki Plateaus and the Osbourn Basin separating the Manihiki and Hikurangi Plateaus. Dating of recovered dredged samples using plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar and zircon U/Pb geochronology methods indicates that spreading was well underway in the EB by 118 Ma with full spreading rates up to 3X faster than any observed today of 30–45 cm/yr and spreading likely continued until 112‐108 Ma. Ellice Basin samples show diverse geochemical affinities ranging from mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) or Ontong Java‐like to more enriched OIB‐like. Pb and Nd isotopes from six samples contain varying influences from Pacific MORB and possibly Ontong Java. The geochemistry shows a lack of a clear mantle plume influence despite EB's close temporal and spatial relationship to Ontong Java, while some data resemble the Louisville Seamounts. This compositional diversity complements morphological differences among dredge sites and shows that both in situ MORB and younger overprinted features related to the nearby Tuvalu Seamounts were sampled. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology confirms the age of International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1365 near the Osbourn Trough (OT) to be 102.60 ± 0.26 Ma (2σ, n = 18). This age constrains the timing of a spreading reorientation event observed in the OB to coincide with a global plate reorganization event around 105 Ma and estimates the cessation of spreading at the OT to 96 Ma.
The Intersection of Wastewater Treatment Plants and Threatened and Endangered Species in California, USA Watersheds
Authors: Cassady Anna , Anderson Kurt E. , Schwabe Kurt A. , Regan Helen M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA changing climate and often unregulated water extractions have exposed over 2 billion people to water stress worldwide. While water managers have explored a portfolio of options to reduce this stress, supply augmentation through reuse of treated municipal wastewater is becoming increasingly attractive. Wastewater treatment plants protect water quality and prevent sewage from contaminating waterways. Increasingly, this resource is utilized for numerous human (e.g., irrigation, drinking water, groundwater recharge) and conservation (e.g., stream and river recharge) needs in water stressed regions. To understand the role treated municipal wastewater plays in impacting conservation objectives we identified the intersection of wastewater treatment plant locations and occurrences of threatened and endangered (T&E) species in California and compared the permitted contribution of effluent to baseflow quantities of the receiving waterbody to assess the degree to which changes in effluent could affect instream waterbodies. We found a positive correlation between the presence of treatment plants and T&E species in California watersheds—a quarter of species have 100% of their range in watersheds with at least one treatment plant. This correlation is greatest for species associated with terraces and riparian habitat, followed by aquatic habitat and aquatic emergent vegetation. One‐third of watersheds in our analysis can receive most of their cumulative watershed baseflow from effluent and are characterized by dense urbanization or agriculture. Our analysis demonstrates that the fates of T&E species and effluent are interconnected in ways important for water policy, suggesting that species conservation goals should be considered when making decisions about effluent reuse.
Estimation of the Kelvin–Helmholtz Unstable Boundary
Authors: Ma Xuanye 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability is one of the most important mechanisms of the viscous‐like interaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere (MSP), which transport the mass, energy, momentum, and magnetic flux. Thus, it is important to examine whether the magnetopause boundary is KH unstable or not. Based on the KH onset conditions, this report proposes to use a matrix to identify the most KH unstable direction based on the in situ measurements of the density, velocity, and magnetic field in the MSP and magnetosheath. The range of the KH unstable direction can be easily estimated based on the eigenvalues of the matrix. The eigenvectors of the matrix provide a new boundary normal coordinate system, which could be useful for 2‐D KH instability simulation.
Magma Transport and Storage Along Rift Zones Through Volcanic Conduits
Authors: Roman A. , Lundgren P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent geodetic data has clearly imaged significant contraction of rift zones during effusive eruptions, which is attributed to deformation of active, elongated feeders, challenging the rigid conduit paradigm. In this work we develop a physical model to understand the impact of conduit deformation on the eruptive dynamics. Numerical calculations show that magma overpressure increases the width of the conduit, resulting in higher discharge rates than would be expected from the rigid case. At the same time, conduits with high aspect ratio, have larger compressibility and can store significant amount of magma, thereby acting as secondary reservoirs. The net result is that rift zones can maintain high fluxes over prolonged periods of time, leading to large volume eruptions and biasing magma compressibility estimates. We apply our findings to the 2018 Kīlauea eruption where episodic collapse of the summit led to pressure pulses that propagated down‐rift and that were recorded by both tiltmeters and peaks in the effusion rates. Inversion of the data indicates a conduit with a height of 700–800 m and a maximum opening of 4 m, located at a depth of 2.5 km in the Upper East Rift Zone, becoming shallower in the Puʻu ʻŌʻō region and propagating sub‐horizontally in the Middle and Lower East Rift Zone. Based on these properties we infer that up to 30% of the erupted volume can be attributed to magma stored in the rift zone. In agreement with recent studies, we find that magma over‐pressure was low at the end of the 2018 eruption.
A Conceptual Investigation of Transition to Self‐Driven Turbidity Currents From Along‐Shelf Current‐Supported Turbidity Currents
Authors: Ozdemir Celalettin E. , Yue Liangyi , Nazari Haq Murad , Xue George , Bentley Samuel J. , Yang Shuo , Hofioni Sayed O. , Forney Robert , Aradpour Saber 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWave‐ and current‐supported turbidity currents (WCSTCs) are one of the sediment delivery mechanisms from the inner shelf to the shelf break. Therefore, they play a significant role in the global cycles of geo‐chemically important particulate matter. Recent observations suggest that WCSTCs can transform into self‐driven turbidity currents close to the continental margin. However, little is known regarding the critical conditions that grow self‐driven turbidity currents out of WCSTCs. This is in part due to the knowledge gaps in the dynamics of WCSTCs regarding the role of density stratification. Especially the effect of sediment entrainment on the amount of sediment suspension has been overlooked. To this end, this study revisits the existing theoretical framework for a simplified WCSTC, in which waves are absent, that is, along‐shelf current‐supported turbidity current. A depth‐integrated advection model is developed for suspended sediment concentration. The model results, which are verified by turbulence‐resolving simulations, indicate that the amount of suspended sediment load is regulated by the equilibrium among positive/negative feedback between entrainment and cross‐shelf gravity force/density stratification, and settling flux dissociated with density stratification. It is also found that critical density stratification is not a necessary condition for equilibrium. A quantitative relation is developed for the critical conditions for self‐driven turbidity currents, which is a function of bed shear stress, entrainment parameters, bed slope, and sediment settling velocity. In addition, the suspended sediment load is analytically estimated from the model developed.
Analysis of postpartum hypertension in women with preeclampsia
Authors: Xue Qinqin , Li Guang , Gao Yanyun , Deng Yunjing , Xu Bianju , Chen Yu , Gao Yu , Chen Qi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPostpartum hypertension including persistent and recurrent hypertension could significantly affect maternal morbidity in preeclampsia. Data on the postpartum management of women with preeclampsia is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the details of women experiencing persistent postpartum hypertension (PerPPH) or developing recurrent postpartum hypertension (RecPPH) after birth and whether the treatment with anti-hypertensive drugs could shorten the hospital stay. We also compared the clinical parameters in women who developed RecPPH and who did not. Data on 188 preeclamptic women, including the severity or time of onset, duration of hospital admission postpartum, and blood pressure during the admission were collected and analyzed. Overall, 30% of preeclamptic women developed RecPPH on day 1, 13% on day 3, and 12% on day 5 after birth. Women with severe preeclampsia or early onset preeclampsia are more likely to develop RecPPH, compared to women with mild or late onset preeclampsia. The overall time in days before discharge was not different between women with normal blood pressure and women with abnormal blood pressure 1 h after birth, regardless of the severity or gestation of onset. However, women with severe or early onset preeclampsia stayed longer in the hospital, compared to women with mild or late onset preeclampsia. In addition, women with severe or early onset preeclampsia or early delivery increased risk of developing RecPPH. In conclusion, we demonstrate that RecPPH became apparent on day 1 after delivery, and hence close monitoring of blood pressure even if initially seemingly normal after birth is important.
Ordered creation and motion of skyrmions with surface acoustic wave
Authors: Chen Ruyi , Chen Chong , Han Lei , Liu Peisen , Su Rongxuan , Zhu Wenxuan , Zhou Yongjian , Pan Feng , Song Cheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions with a well-defined spin texture have shown unprecedented potential for various spintronic applications owning to their topologically non-trivial and quasiparticle properties. To put skyrmions into practical technology, efficient manipulation, especially the inhibition of skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE) has been intensively pursued. In spite of the recent progress made on reducing SkHE in several substituted systems, such as ferrimagnets and synthetic antiferromagnets, the organized creation and current driven motion of skyrmions with negligible SkHE in ferromagnets remain challenging. Here, by embedding the [Co/Pd] multilayer into a surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line where the longitudinal leaky SAW is excited to provide both the strain and thermal effect, we experimentally realized the ordered generation of magnetic skyrmions. The resultant current-induced skyrmions movement with negligible SkHE was observed, which can be attributed to the energy redistribution of the system during the excitation of SAW. Our findings open up an unprecedentedly new perspective for manipulating topological solitons, which could possibly trigger the future discoveries in skyrmionics and spin acousto-electronics.
Durable organic nonlinear optical membranes for thermotolerant lightings and in vivo bioimaging
Authors: Tian Tian , Fang Yuxuan , Wang Wenhui , Yang Meifang , Tan Ying , Xu Chuan , Zhang Shuo , Chen Yuxin , Xu Mingyi , Cai Bin , Wu Wu-Qiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrganic nonlinear optical materials have potential in applications such as lightings and bioimaging, but tend to have low photoluminescent quantum yields and are prone to lose the nonlinear optical activity. Herein, we demonstrate to weave large-area, flexible organic nonlinear optical membranes composed of 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4ʹ-Nʹ-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate@cyclodextrin host-guest supramolecular complex. These membranes exhibited a record high photoluminescence quantum yield of 73.5%, and could continuously emit orange luminescence even being heated at 300 °C, thus enabling the fabrication of thermotolerant light-emitting diodes. The nonlinear optical property of these membranes can be well-preserved even in polar environment. The supramolecular assemblies with multiphoton absorption characteristics were used for in vivo real-time imaging of Escherichia coli at 1000 nm excitation. These findings demonstrate to achieve scalable fabrication of organic nonlinear optical materials with high photoluminescence quantum yields, and good stability against thermal stress and polar environment for high-performance, durable optoelectronic devices and humanized multiphoton bio-probes.
Targeting Mcl-1 by a small molecule NSC260594 for triple-negative breast cancer therapy
Authors: Dong Shengli , Matossian Margarite D. , Yousefi Hassan , Khosla Maninder , Collins-Burow Bridgette M. , Burow Matthew E. , Alahari Suresh K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are aggressive forms of breast cancer and tend to grow and spread more quickly than most other types of breast cancer. TNBCs can neither be targeted by hormonal therapies nor the antibody trastuzumab that targets the HER2 protein. There are urgent unmet medical needs to develop targeted drugs for TNBCs. We identified a small molecule NSC260594 from the NCI diversity set IV compound library. NSC260594 exhibited dramatic cytotoxicity in multiple TNBCs in a dose-and time-dependent manner. NSC260594 inhibited the Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) expression through downregulation of Wnt signaling proteins. Consistent with this, NSC260594 treatment increased apoptosis, which was confirmed by using an Annexin-V/PI assay. Interestingly, NSC260594 treatment reduced the cancer stem cell (CSC) population in TNBCs. To make NSC260594 more clinically relevant, we treated NSC260594 with TNBC cell derived xenograft (CDX) mouse model, and with patient-derived xenograft (PDX) organoids. NSC260594 significantly suppressed MDA-MB-231 tumor growth in vivo, and furthermore, the combination treatment of NSC260594 and everolimus acted synergistically to decrease growth of TNBC PDX organoids. Together, we found that NSC260594 might serve as a lead compound for triple-negative breast cancer therapy through targeting Mcl-1.
Neuroprotective activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against methamphetamine-induced cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Khorrami Sadegh , Dogani Manijeh , Mahani Saeed Esmaeili , Moghaddam Mehrdad Moosazadeh , Taheri Ramezan Ali 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective activity of the black peel pomegranate extract, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using the extract. We pretreated the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 cells with the extract and AgNPs and evaluated the neuroprotective activity of these agents against methamphetamine (Meth) cytotoxicity. The NPs were spherical with 19 ± 8 nm size, − 28 mV surface charge, and 0.20 PDI. Meth killed the cells by increasing proapoptotic (Bax, PTEN, AKT, PI3K, NF-κB, P53, TNF-α, Cyt C, and Cas 3) and decreasing the antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-2) expression. Exposure to Meth caused DNA fragmentation and increased the intercellular ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). A 4-h pretreatment of the cells with the extract and AgNPs could retain the viability of the cells above 80% by increasing the Bcl-2 expression up to fourfold and inhibiting the cell death pathways. ROS, MDA, and MMP levels in the pretreated cells were close to the control group. The percentage of necrosis in cells pretreated with the extract and AgNPs declined to 32% and 8%, respectively. Our promising findings indicated that AgNPs could reduce Meth-induced oxidative stress and prevent necrotic and apoptotic cell death by regulating related genes’ expression.
Stage-specific coexpression network analysis of Myc in cohorts of renal cancer
Authors: Priyam Jyotsna , Saxena Urmila 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study investigates the molecular dynamics of Myc in normal precursors and in different stages (I/II/III/IV) of cohorts of renal cancer using two distinct yet complementary approaches: gene expression and gene coexpression. We also analysed the variation of coexpression networks of Myc through the stage-wise progression of renal cancer cohorts. Myc expression is significantly higher in stage I compared to normal tissue but changed inconsistently across stages of renal cancer. We identified that Myc consistently coexpressed with fourteen genes in the KIPAN [Pan-kidney cohort (KICH + KIRC + KIRP)] and eight in the KIRC (Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma) across all stages, providing potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Coexpression network complexity decreased from normal precursor tissues to associated tumour stage I in KIPAN and KIRC but was inconsistent after that. In the process of cancer development, there is generally lower cross-tissue cancer network homology observed among coexpressed genes with Myc during the normal to the stage I compared to the stage-wise progression of cancer. Overall, this research provides novel perceptions of the molecular causes of kidney cancer. It also highlights potential genes and pathways crucial for diagnosing and treating this disease.
Unraveling the adaptive chemical traits of Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reissek in response to fire in pantanal wetlands
Authors: Siqueira Camila Sório , Dos Santos Vanessa Samúdio , Carollo Carlos Alexandre , Damasceno-Junior Geraldo Alves 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe conducted a study on the effects of fire on Rhamnidium elaeocarpum, a widely distributed woody species found in the Pantanal wetlands, using LC–MS metabolomics, total phenolic and tannin content analysis, and thermogravimetric behavior. We sampled individuals from four groups: No Fire, Fire 2019, Fire 2020, and APD 20 (individuals whose aerial parts had died during the 2020 fire event). We found that recent fires had no significant impact on the species' phenolic metabolism except for those in the fourth group. These specimens showed a decline in secondary metabolites due to leaching. The high levels of phenolics in R. elaeocarpum suggest that this species has a biochemical tolerance to the stress caused by seasonal fires. Metabolomic profiling revealed the presence of proanthocyanidin oligomers, which protect against oxidative stress and post-fire environmental disturbances. However, the passage of fire also led to a high incidence of toxic karwinaphthopyranone derivatives, which could be a concern for the species' medicinal use. Finally, the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the species is thermotolerant, with an intrinsic relationship between the secondary compounds and thermotolerance. Our research has deepened the comprehension of how fire affects the metabolic processes of woody plants. The challenge now lies in determining if the identified chemical changes are adaptive characteristics that evolved over time or merely transient responses to external environmental stimuli.
Advanced (bio)fouling resistant surface modification of PTFE hollow-fiber membranes for water treatment
Authors: Taghavian Hadi , Černík Miroslav , Dvořák Lukáš 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMembrane surface treatment to modify anti-(bio)fouling resistivity plays a key role in membrane technology. This paper reports on the successful use of air-stimulated surface polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride incorporated ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for impeding the intrinsic hydrophobicity and low anti-(bio)fouling resistivity of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow-fiber membranes (HFMs). The study involved the use of pristine and polydopamine (Pdopa) coated PTFE HFMs, both with and without the presence of an air supply and added ZnO NPs. Zeta potential measurements were performed to evaluate the dispersion stability of ZnO NPs prior to immobilization, while morphological characterization and time-dependency of the Pdopa growth layer were illustrated through scanning electron microscopy. Pdopa surface polymerization and ZnO NPs immobilization were confirmed using FT-IR and EDX spectroscopy. Transformation of the PTFE HFM surface features to superhydrophilic was demonstrated through water contact angle analysis and the stability of immobilized ZnO NPs assessed by ICP analysis. Anti-fouling criteria and (bio)fouling resistivity performance of the surface-modified membranes were assessed through flux recovery determination of bovine serum albumin in dead-end filtration as well as dynamic-contact-condition microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli, respectively. The filtration recovery ratio and antimicrobial results suggested promising surface modification impacts on the anti-fouling properties of PTFE HFM. As such, the method represents the first successful use of air-stimulated Pdopa coating incorporating ZnO NPs to induce superhydrophilic PTFE HFM surface modification. Such a method can be extended to the other membranes associated with water treatment processes.