bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GRRIEn Analysis: A Data Science Cheat Sheet for Earth Scientists Learning from Global Earth Observations
Authors: Carter Elizabeth , Hultquist Carolynne , Wen Tao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Globally available environmental observations (EOs), specifically from satellites and coupled Earth system models, represent some of the largest datasets of the digital age. As the volume of global EOs continues to grow, so does the potential of these data to help Earth scientists discover trends and patterns in Earth systems at large spatial scales. To leverage global EOs for scientific insight, Earth scientists need targeted and accessible exposure to skills in reproducible scientific computing and spatiotemporal data science, and to be empowered to apply their domain understanding to interpret data-driven models for knowledge discovery. The Generalizable, Reproducible, Robust, and Interpreted Environmental (GRRIEn) analysis framework was developed to prepare Earth scientists with an introductory statistics background and limited/no understanding of programming and computational methods to use global EOs to successfully generalize insights from local/regional field measurements across unsampled times and locations. GRRIEn analysis is generalizable, meaning results from a sample are translated to landscape scales by combining direct environmental measurements with global EOs using supervised machine learning; robust, meaning that the model shows good performance on data with scale-dependent feature and observation dependence; reproducible, based on a standard repository structure so that other scientists can quickly and easily replicate the analysis with a few computational tools; and interpreted, meaning that Earth scientists apply domain expertise to ensure that model parameters reflect a physically plausible diagnosis of the environmental system. This tutorial presents standard steps for achieving GRRIEn analysis by combining conventions of rigor in traditional experimental design with the open-science movement.

Significance Statement
Earth science researchers in the digital age are often tasked with pioneering big data analyses, yet have limited formal training in statistics and computational methods such as databasing or computer programming. Earth science researchers often spend tremendous amounts of time learning core computational skills, and making core analytical mistakes, in the process of bridging this training gap, at risk to the reputability of observational geostatistical research. The GRRIEn analytical framework is a practical guide introducing community standards for each phase of the computational research pipeline (dataset engineering, model training, and model diagnostics) to promote rigorous, accessible use of global EOs in Earth systems research.
Spurious Dianeutral Advection and Methods for Its Minimization
Authors: Lang Yandong , Stanley Geoffrey J. , McDougall Trevor J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An existing approximately neutral surface, the ω surface, minimizes the neutrality error and hence also exhibits very small fictitious dianeutral diffusivity Df that arises when lateral diffusion is applied along the surface, in nonneutral directions. However, there is also a spurious dianeutral advection that arises when lateral advection is applied nonneutrally along the surface; equivalently, lateral advection applied along the neutral tangent planes creates a vertical velocity esp through the ω surface. Mathematically, esp = u ⋅ s, where u is the lateral velocity and s is the slope error of the surface. We find that esp produces a leading-order term in the evolution equations of temperature and salinity, being similar in magnitude to the influence of cabbeling and thermobaricity. We introduce a new method to form an approximately neutral surface, called an ωu·s surface, that minimizes esp by adjusting its depth so that the slope error is nearly perpendicular to the lateral velocity. The esp on a surface cannot be reduced to zero when closed streamlines contain nonzero neutral helicity. While esp on the ωu·s surface is over 100 times smaller than that on the ω surface, the fictitious dianeutral diffusivity on the ωu·s surface is larger, nearly equal to the canonical 10−5 m2 s−1 background diffusivity. Thus, we also develop a method to minimize a combination of esp and Df, yielding the
surface, which is recommended for inverse models since it has low Df and it significantly decreases esp through the surface, which otherwise would be a leading term that cannot be ignored in the conservation equations.
Accuracy of Serum Parathyroid Hormone Measured on the Early Morning of the First Postoperative Day in Predicting Clinically Significant Post-Total Thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia
Authors: Singh Prashant K. , Sahoo Reva S. , Sinha Upasna , Mahto Mala , Jha Chandan K. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Clinical hypocalcemia (CH) following total thyroidectomy (TT) is a potentially life-threatening condition if left untreated. This study aimed at evaluating the accuracy of parathyroid hormone (PTH) measured in the early morning of the first postoperative day (POD-1) in predicting CH, and determining the cutoff values of PTH that can predict the development of CH. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing TT between February 2018 and July 2022. Serum PTH, calcium, and albumin levels were measured on morning (6-8 AM) of postoperative day one (POD-1), and serum calcium level was measured from POD-2 onwards. We performed ROC curve analysis to determine the accuracy of PTH in predicting postoperative CH, and cutoff values of PTH to predict CH. Results Ninety-one patients, 52 (57.1%) with benign and 39 (42.9%) with malignant goiter were included. The incidence of biochemical, and clinical hypocalcemia was 24.2% and 30.8%, respectively. In our study serum, PTH measured in the early morning of first postoperative day following TT was found to have good accuracy (AUC = .88) in predicting CH. A PTH value of ≥27.15 pg/mL was found to have a 96.4% sensitivity in ruling out CH, while a serum PTH value <10.65 pg/mL had a specificity of 95.2% in predicting CH. Discussion Patients with a serum PTH value of ≥27.15 pg/mL can be discharged without any supplements, those with PTH <10.65 pg/mL should be started on calcium and calcitriol supplements, while patients having PTH values between 10.65 and 27.15 pg/mL should be monitored for the development of signs and/or symptoms of hypocalcemia.
How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the personal lives and care realities of people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder? A qualitative interview study
Authors: Kaltenboeck Alexander , Portela Millinger Filipe , Stadtmann Sarah , Schmid Christine , Amering Michaela , Vogl Susanne , Fellinger Matthäus 
Published: March 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes one of the greatest recent public crises. This study explored its influence on the lives and care realities of people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Methods: Between October 2020 and April 2021, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 volunteers with SSDs receiving inpatient or outpatient treatment in Vienna (Austria). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results: Three main themes were identified. First, ‘Pandemic life is deprived, lonely and surreal – though certain aspects can be perceived as positive’. Second, ‘Bio-psycho-social support systems were struck at their core by the pandemic and were left severely compromised’. Last, ‘There is a complex interplay between one’s prior experience of psychosis and the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic’. The pandemic situation affected interviewees in various ways. For many, it led to a drastic reduction in day-to-day and social activities and contributed to an atmosphere of strangeness and threat. Bio-psycho-social support providers frequently suspended their services and offered alternatives were not always helpful. Participants indicated that whilst having an SSD might render them vulnerable to the pandemic situation, prior experience with psychotic crises can also provide knowledge, skills and self-confidence which enable better coping. Some interviewees also perceived aspects of the pandemic situation as helpful for recovering from psychosis. Conclusion: Healthcare providers must acknowledge the perspectives and needs of people with SSDs in present and future public health crises to ensure proper clinical support.
Perceived adversity and psychological distress in refugee married couples resettling in the United States
Authors: Khalil Dalia , George Zinah , Templin Thomas , Jenuwine Elizabeth , Javanbakht Arash 
Published: March 2023

Background: Syrian and Iraqi refugees are a growing segment of the U.S. population, and although exposure to war and violence has been linked to psychological distress in individual refugees, few studies have examined the distress in married couples. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a convenience sample of 101 Syrian and Iraqi refugee couples was recruited from a community agency. The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the relationships between perceived adversity and psychological distress (PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms) among individual study participants; and (2) determine whether these relationships were correlated to their spouses’ perceived adversity and psychological distress. Results: The bivariate correlation analysis showed strong positive correlations between PTSD and depression/anxiety for wives ( r = .79; p < .001) and for husbands ( r = .74; p < .001). There were also low- to mid-range positive cross-associations between husbands’ and wives’ PTSD ( r = .34; p = .001) and depression/anxiety ( r = .43; p < .001). Finally, we found a significant positive association between husbands’ and wives’ perception of adversity ( r = .44; p < .001). Interestingly, the husbands’ perception of adversity was positively associated with their PTSD ( r = .30; p = .02) and depression/ anxiety scores ( r = .26; p = .04) as well as with their wives’ depression/ anxiety scores ( r = .23; p = .08). In contrast, the wives’ perception of adversity was not associated with either their own or their spouses’ psychological distress. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that war, trauma, and stress of migration impact the couple as a unit, possibly due to shared experiences, and the impact of one partner’s stress on the other. Addressing these perceptions and personal interpretations of the adverse experiences via cognitive therapy approaches could help reduce not only stress in the individual but also that of their partner.
Grief Coach, a Text-Based Grief Support Intervention: Acceptability Among Hospice Family Members
Authors: Levesque Deborah A. , Lunardini Melissa M. , Payne Emma L. , Callison-Burch Vanessa 
Published: March 2023

U.S. Medicare-certified hospices must provide bereavement care to family members for 13 months following a patient’s death. This manuscript describes Grief Coach, a text message program that delivers expert grief support and can assist hospices in meeting the bereavement care mandate. It also describes the first 350 Grief Coach subscribers from hospice and the results of a survey of active subscribers ( n = 154) to learn whether and how they found the program helpful. The 13-month program retention rate was 86%. Among survey respondents ( n = 100, response rate = 65%), 73% rated the program as very helpful, and 74% rated it as contributing to their sense of being supported in their grief. Grievers aged 65+ and males gave the highest ratings. Respondents’ comments identify key intervention content that they found helpful. These findings suggest that Grief Coach may be a promising component of hospice grief support programming to meet the needs of grieving family members.
Co-modified h-BN was used to improve the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of natural rubber
Authors: Yang Xiaoyong , He Xiaofang , Xu Fuqin , Hou Zhaoyang , Ma Zhihui , Cai Jing , Jiao Ruimin 
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of electronic devices and rubber tires, the industry has put forward new requirements for the heat dissipation of rubber components. With excellent thermal conductivity, oxidation resistance, and thermal stability, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is often added to plastics or rubber as a thermally conductive filler, but is less effective when used directly. In this study, h-BN-K was prepared by direct modification of the mixed solution of KH-550, and KH-570, while h-BN-PK was prepared by co-modification of dopamine, KH-550, and KH-570. Two modified h-BN were added to natural rubber (NR) to improve the vulcanization properties, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity. It was found that the tensile strength and thermal conductivity of 20 wt% h-BN-PK/NR composites were 30.6 MPa and 0.335 W/mK, which were 39.1% and 110.7% higher compared to pure NR (22.0 MPa and 0.159 W/mK), respectively. In addition, the addition of h-BN improved the thermal stability performance of NR to some extent. In conclusion, the h-BN-PK/NR composites provide a certain reference for the use of thermally conductive NR and suggest new ideas for heat dissipation of electronic devices.
The Evolution of Job Insecurity in Spatial Contexts in Europe During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ibanescu Bogdan-Constantin , Gheorghiu Alexandra , Cristea Mioara , Pascariu Gabriela Carmen ,   PsyCorona Team, Leander Pontus 
Published: March 2023

Unemployment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is of the utmost importance for governing bodies worldwide. Its constant increase during the last months is subject of major concern for both citizens and policy makers, as individuals might experience increased feelings of job insecurity due to the pandemic context and to the latest developments on the job market. Job insecurity refers to a perceived threat to the continuity and stability of employment as it is currently experienced and has a negative impact on the individuals’ quality of life. Many researches have linked job insecurity with low levels of well-being and high levels of stress, as well as local or national measures taken in job creation and job retention. Aside from individual factors, there are other critical influences that should be considered in order to better understand the dynamics of job insecurity against the COVID-19 pandemic. Such influences can come from regional features such as spatial, economic, or demographic characteristics, like gender, age, or education. The aim of the paper is to identify and spatially represent the variations and evolution of job insecurity during the on-going pandemic. Our analyses are based on the PsyCorona database (15.311 participants), a study with self-reported data deployed in countries all around the world, that monitored various psychological variables during the first pandemic waves. For the purpose of this research, data related to the first wave (March-July 2020) was selected. In order to get a better understanding of the spatial distribution of self-reported job insecurity, we chose to focus on eight European countries (France, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Greece, Romania, Spain, and Italy). Respondents from Western Europe countries expressed lower scores on self-reported job insecurity and less variance over time while those from Southern and Eastern Europe displayed higher scores for job insecurity and more variance. Moreover, we found that the higher the overall job insecurity is perceived in a country, the higher the discrepancies between age, gender, and education categories tend to be.
Autograft Demonstrates Superior Outcomes for Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction When Compared With Allograft: A Systematic Review
Authors: Belk John W. , Littlefield Connor P. , Smith John-Rudolph H. , McCulloch Patrick C. , McCarty Eric C. , Frank Rachel M. , Kraeutler Matthew J. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Multiple studies have compared outcomes among patients undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with autograft versus allograft, but these data are inconsistently reported and long-term outcomes depending on graft type are yet to be determined. Purpose: To perform a systematic review of clinical outcomes after revision ACLR (rACLR) with autograft versus allograft. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify studies that compared the outcomes of patients undergoing rACLR with autograft versus allograft. The search phrase used was autograft allograft revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Graft rerupture rates, return-to-sports rates, anteroposterior laxity, and patient-reported outcome scores (subjective International Knee Documentation Committee, Tegner, Lysholm, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) were evaluated. Results: Eleven studies met inclusion criteria, including 3011 patients undergoing rACLR with autograft (mean age, 28.9 years) and 1238 patients undergoing rACLR with allograft (mean age, 28.0 years). Mean follow-up was 57.3 months. The most common autograft and allograft types were bone–patellar tendon–bone grafts. Overall, 6.2% of patients undergoing rACLR experienced graft retear, including 4.7% in the autograft group and 10.2% in the allograft group ( P < .0001). Among studies that reported return-to-sports rates, 66.2% of patients with an autograft returned to sports as opposed to 45.3% of patients with an allograft ( P = .01). Two studies found significantly greater postoperative knee laxity in the allograft group as compared with the autograft group ( P < .05). Among all patient-reported outcomes, 1 study found 1 significant difference between groups: patients with an autograft had a significantly higher postoperative Lysholm score when compared with patients with an allograft. Conclusion: Patients undergoing revision ACLR with an autograft can be expected to experience lower rates of graft retear, higher rates of return to sports, and less postoperative anteroposterior knee laxity when compared with patients undergoing revision ACLR with an allograft.
A Qualitative Study on Challenges Faced by Postnatal Mothers
Authors: Sabitha Nayak , Kumar Shetty Prasanna 
Published: March 2023

The core variable arrived at were Challenges of postnatal motherhood phenomenon from mothers’ perspective, eight essential themes were developed, and they were as follows: ‘Contented with the birth experience; A wider perspective of womanhood’. ‘Coming up with physiological and emotional challenges; a note worthy experience’. ‘Being happy with the gender of the baby; A God given gift’. ‘Glad to be a mother with a good family support’. ‘Happy to receive the intended care in the hospital; a boon to every mother’. ‘Ready to face challenges; marital perspective’. ‘Newborn care; a tender loving care of womanhood’. ‘Joyous moment to be with the newborn but unhappy due to physical and psychological alteration’. Interpretation and Conclusion The findings of the study throw light on various challenges faced by mothers and their coping strategies. In this study majority of the mothers had least to moderately expressed challenges and highly expressed challenges were minimal. This could be hypothesised that the study participants were from a rural setting where most of the mothers are unemployed and most of the mothers have a good support system which helps them to face challenges positively. Nevertheless, literature shows that Emotional challenges, Breastfeeding challenges and newborn care challenges are faced globally which can be addressed by creating awareness programmes. This can be achieved through nurse-led clinics on childbirth education in the OBG and Paediatric units with Mathr Shiksha Abhiyaan which will benefit most of the Pregnant and lactating mothers coming to OPD.
Causal Variations at IRF6 Gene Identified in Van der Woude Syndrome Pedigrees
Authors: Yang Cheng-Wei , Yin Bin , Shi Jia-Yu , Shi Bing , Jia Zhong-Lin 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) and to detect variations in each patient. Finally, the combination of genotype and phenotype can make a clear diagnosis of VWS patients with different phenotype penetrance. Five Chinese VWS pedigree were enrolled. Whole exome sequencing of the proband was performed, and the potential pathogenic variation was further verified by Sanger sequencing in the patient and their parents. The human mutant IRF6 coding sequence was generated from the human full-length IRF6 plasmid by site-directed mutagenesis and cloned into the GV658 vector, RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of IRF6. We found one de novo nonsense variation (p. Gln118Ter) and three novel missense variations (p. Gly301Glu, p. Gly267Ala, and p. Glu404Gly) co-segregated with VWS. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that p. Glu404Gly significantly reduced the expression level of IRF6 mRNA. Western blot of cell lysates confirmed that IRF6 p. Glu404Gly abundance levels were lower than those for IRF6 wild type. This discovery of the novel variation ( IRF6 p. Glu404Gly) expands the spectrum of known variations in VWS in Chinese humans. Genetic results combined with clinical phenotypes and differential diagnosis points from other diseases can make a definitive diagnosis and provide genetic counseling for families.
Mammographic Density Reduction is Associated to the Prognosis in Asian Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Hormone Therapy
Authors: Shia Wei-Chung , Lin Li-Sheng , Wu Hwa-Koon , Chen Chih-Jung , Chen Dar-Ren 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Using mammographic density as a significant biomarker for predicting prognosis in adjuvant hormone therapy patients is controversial due to the conflicting results of recent studies. This study aimed to evaluate hormone therapy-induced mammographic density reduction and its association with prognosis in Taiwanese patients . Methods In this retrospective study, 1941 patients with breast cancer were screened, and 399 patients with estrogen receptor -positive breast cancer who received adjuvant hormone therapy were enrolled. The mammographic density was measured using a fully automatic estimation procedure based on full-field digital mammography. The prognosis included relapse and metastasis during treatment follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used for disease-free survival analysis. Results A mammographic density reduction rate >20.8%, measured preoperatively and after receiving hormone therapy from 12-18 months, was a significant threshold for predicting prognosis in patients with breast cancer. The disease-free survival rate was significantly higher in patients whose mammographic density reduction rate was >20.8% (P = .048). Conclusion This study’s findings could help estimate the prognosis for patients with breast cancer and may improve the quality of adjuvant hormone therapy after enlarging the study cohort in the future.