bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NaCl template-assisted construction of a CoP–MoP heterostructured electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction
Authors: Liu Yunni , Tao Yinghao , Lu Zhaobing , Teng Jing , Hao Weiju , Lin Jun , Li Guisheng 
Published: July 2023

A CoP–MoP heterojunction electrocatalyst is fabricated by NaCl templating strategy, exhibiting a favorable ammonia yield rate of 77.8 μg h−1 mgcat−1 and a high faradaic efficiency of 11.16% at −0.50 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.
Linear broadband interference suppression circuit based on GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuits
Authors: Robinson Megan C. , Popović Zoya , Lasser Gregor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents simulation and measurement results of a 2–4 GHz octave bandwidth interference suppression circuit. The circuit accomplishes the function of a tunable frequency notch through an interferometer architecture. The relative delay in the interferometer paths is varied with GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuit tunable delay lines. The delay is adjusted by varying the drain voltage of cold‐FET connected high electron mobility transistors acting as varactors. Two types of periodically‐loaded delay lines are compared: a uniform and a tapered design. A simple theoretical study, relating the delays and amplitudes in the interferometer circuit branches, is developed to inform the design. Two interference suppression hybrid circuits are implemented, and measurements demonstrate a 25–40 dB notch across the 2.24–4 GHz range for the uniform delay line, and 2.32–4.13 GHz for the tapered design. The return loss for both designs remains below 10 dB. Measurements with two tones spaced 0.5 and 1 GHz for varying tone power are performed to quantify suppression. The circuit can handle an input power of 37 dBm and maintains performance with two simultaneous 25 dBm tones spaced 0.5 GHz apart. Linearity is characterised with 10 MHz two‐tone measurements, and the circuit demonstrates a 3rd‐order intercept input power larger than 30 dBm for control biases above −12 V.
Computationally efficient direction of arrival estimation using adaptive grid selection
Authors: Wu Yanan , Jakobsson Andreas , Liu Lutao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe authors propose a computationally efficient approach to estimate the directions of arrival of far‐field sources impinging on a sensor array. The proposed estimator is formed using a sparse reconstruction framework, employing a novel adaptive grid selection technique to reduce the dimensionality of the used dictionary matrix. The method further makes use of a SPICE‐inspired dictionary to adaptively select an appropriate regularisation parameter and to select the active grid set. An adaptive stepsize selection strategy is also introduced to reduce computation complexity further. The proposed method allows for accurate direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimates using even a single snapshot, also from weak sources. Numerical simulations indicate that the method offers preferable performance in comparison to existing state‐of‐the‐art DOA estimation algorithms.
Post-editing and a sustainable future for translators
Authors: Yamada Masaru 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Many translators and language service providers (LSPs)
emphasize a distinction between human translation (HT) and post-editing
(PE). As the perceived divide between the two tasks grows, the differing
social status of HT and PE becomes more pronounced. This has consequences
for professional identity as well as compensation. But are HT and PE
substantially different? We examine this question, mainly by reinterpreting
previous studies in translation process research. Based on these findings,
we argue that HT and PE are not radically different in terms of the skills
and effort required to achieve their shared goal of ensuring consistent,
quality translations. Therefore, the perception among practitioners and LSPs
of PE being easier and of lesser quality than HT may be baseless.
An eye-tracking study of productivity and effort in Chinese-to-English
translation and post-editing
Authors: Sun Juan , Lu Zhi , Lacruz Isabel , Ma Lijun , Fan Lin , Huang Xiuhua , Zhou Bo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
For several language pairs, an emerging consensus finds
that post-editing of machine translations is faster and less cognitively
effortful than from-scratch human translation, resulting in increased
translator productivity and decreased translator fatigue. These benefits
have yet to be robustly established in some language pairs that are
linguistically and culturally remote with very different writing systems. We
carry out a systematic Chinese-to-English study using keystroke logger
timing measures and eye-tracking measures of cognitive effort, taking into
account translator education levels, different source text domains, and
quality of the translation product. We observe significant post-editing
productivity gains for more highly educated participants and for more
straightforward and less technical texts. Measures of cognitive effort show
significantly reduced cognitive effort in post-editing.
Recent claims of human-machine parity in translation highlight core
issues surrounding the human evaluation of machine translation
Authors: Gilbert Devin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In 2018, the first claims of empirical backing for
human-machine parity in translation (HMPT) emerged at the WMT18 Conference
on Machine Translation and in a study using WMT resources. Other researchers
quickly refuted these claims, pointing to a flawed human evaluation
campaign. Subsequent HMPT claims at WMT19 were also empirically refuted.
This chapter discusses the evolution of recommendations for human evaluation
of MT stemming from these claims to HMPT and evaluates possibilities of HMPT
at WMT20 in the context of these recommendations. Finally, we summarize all
criteria for human evaluation of MT based on recent literature.
In the eye of the beholder
Authors: Xiao Kairong , Li Wanyu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Frequent use of metaphors is a distinctive feature of the
Chinese scholar Qian Zhongshu’s popular novel Weicheng
(Fortress Besieged). Its English translation by Jeanne
Kelly and Nathan K. Mao was well received in the English-speaking world.
What are readers’ responses to and comments on the metaphors in this novel,
and how are the translated metaphors received by target language readers,
compared to their reception by source language readers? Our big data based
study uses sentiment analysis to break new ground and improve our
understanding of English readers’ reception of English translations of
Chinese metaphors, which inevitably impose a heavy cultural load. We also discuss
the implications of the differences with Chinese readers’ reception of
metaphors in the original work.
Subtitling in transition
Authors: Karakanta Alina , Orrego-Carmona David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
One of the largest projects of volunteer subtitling is
the TED Talk Translators programme, with more than 3000 talks subtitled in
115 languages, the programme has been constantly adapting to respond to the
increasing popularity of TED Talks with a robust quality assurance process,
training material and adoption of tools. In this work, we pose the question
of whether this constant transition and refinement of the workflows has an
effect on the quality of the subtitles and their adequacy. Our corpus-based
investigation using subtitling and linguistic features provides evidence in
favour of a chronological transition from a “plain” translation of the
source transcript, which does not consider subtitling constraints, to
well-formed subtitles.
Economy and efficiency of note-taking in consecutive interpreting from
English to Chinese
Authors: Xu Shengyi , Pan Jun , Carl Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Note-taking serves an important memory-supporting role in
consecutive interpreting. It greatly facilitates the reproduction of the
same message in another language. Previous research mainly focused on
note-taking and interpreting performance but studies failed to reach
consensus on whether and how choice of form and language in note-taking
influences interpreting performance. This was possibly due to lack of
consistency in annotation of the notes and the fact that note-taking itself
diverts interpreters’ attention from listening to the source language and
analyzing the message. We take a different perspective on note-taking,
exploring economy and efficiency and using empirical data to examine their
interrelationship. We also propose a novel classification and annotation
schema, which can be used in future large-scale investigations.
Impact of word alignment on word translation entropy and other
metrics
Authors: Gilbert Devin , Toledo-Báez Cristina , Carl Michael , Espino Haydeé 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Many of the findings from studies using the Center for
Research and Innovation in Translation and Translation Technology (CRITT)
Translation Process Research Database (TPR-DB) framework rely on
word(s)-to-word(s) alignments of the source text and target text. However,
little research has been done on the impacts different alignment methods
have on these findings. This study compares two different manual word
alignment methods and four automatic word alignment methods on the basis of
one English-Spanish TPR-DB study that has been used extensively (the BML12
dataset). We replicate past findings from the BML12 dataset using these
different alignments in order to determine the impact of alignment, and we
present qualitative/quantitative analyses of the different word-alignment
methods.
The Monitor Model and its misconceptions
Authors: Carl Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Horizontal (automatic) and vertical (control) processes
have been observed and reported for a long time in translation production.
Schaeffer and Carl’s Monitor Model integrates these two processes into one
framework, assuming that priming mechanisms underlie horizontal/automatic
processes, while vertical/monitoring processes implement consciously
accessible control mechanisms. The Monitor Model has been criticized in
various ways and several misconceptions have accumulated over the past
years. In this chapter, I update the Monitor Model with additional evidence
and argue that it is compatible with an enactivist approach to cognition. I
address several misconceptions related to the Monitor Model.
Degrees of negative judgement
Authors: Dai Xin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Studies on sentencing are dominated by normative studies prescribing how judges should sentence. Few studies
examine how judges actually sentence. This study provides an insight into the empirical reality of judges’ sentencing practices by
examining their negative judgements (of propriety) of offenders and their behaviour in six sentencing
remarks. It finds that judges are doing more appraisal work when their sentencing decisions are below or much higher than the
starting point, but less appraisal work when their sentencing decisions are just a few years above the starting point. Such
findings demonstrate that the starting point has a binding power on judges’ sentencing practices despite judges having the
discretion to arrive at a sentencing decision of any length (whatever the starting point). Findings of the current study could
provide meaningful starting points for future examination of large quantities of sentencing remarks.
Evidence of interactive effects of late-pregnancy exposure to air pollution and extreme temperature on preterm birth in China: a nationwide study
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Liu Ruixia , Yu Yunjiang , Zhang Zheng , Knibbs Luke D , Jalaludin Bin , Morawska Lidia , Dharmage Shyamali C , Heinrich Joachim , Papatheodorou Stefania , Guo Yuming , Xu Yangyang , Jin Ling , Guo Yike , Yue Wentao , Yao Jilong , Zhang Yue , Wang Chengrong , Gao Shen , Zhang Enjie , Su Shaofei , Zhu Tong , Dong Guang-Hui , Gao Meng , Yin Chenghong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Perinatal exposure to heat and air pollution has been shown to affect the risk of preterm birth (PTB). However, limited evidence exists regarding their joint effects, particularly in heavily polluted regions like China. This study utilized data from the ongoing China Birth Cohort Study, including 103 040 birth records up to December 2020, and hourly measurements of air pollution (PM2.5, NO2, and O3) and temperature. We assessed the nonlinear associations between air pollution and temperature extereme exposures and PTB by employing generalized additive models with restricted cubic slines. Air pollution and temperature thresholds (corresponding to minimum PTB risks) were determined by the lowest Akaike Information Criterion. We found that maternal exposures to PM2.5, NO2, O3, and both low and high temperature during the third trimester of pregnancy were independently associated with increased risk of PTB. The adjusted risk ratios for PTB of PM2.5, O3, NO2, and temperature at the 95th percentile against thresholds were 1.32 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.42), 1.33 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.50), 1.44 (95% CI: 1.33, 1.56) and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.56, 1.85), respectively. Positive additive interactions [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) > 0] of PM2.5–high temperature (HT), O3–HT, O3–low temperature (LT) are identified, but the interactive effects of PM2.5 and LT were negative (RERI < 0). These observed independent effects of air pollution and temperature, along with their potential joint effects, have important implications for future studies and the development of public health policies aimed at improving perinatal health outcomes.
Thomson decompositions of measures in the disk
Authors: Malman Bartosz 
Published: July 2023

We study the classical problem of identifying the structure of

P

2

(
μ
)

\mathcal {P}^2(\mu )

, the closure of analytic polynomials in the Lebesgue space

L
2

(
μ
)

L^2(\mu )

of a compactly supported Borel measure

μ
\mu

living in the complex plane. In his influential work, Thomson [Ann. of Math. (2) 133 (1991), pp. 477–507] showed that the space decomposes into a full

L
2

L^2

-space and other pieces which are essentially spaces of analytic functions on domains in the plane. For a family of measures

μ
\mu

supported on the closed unit disk

D

¯

\overline {\mathbb {D}}

which have a part on the open disk

D

\mathbb {D}

which is similar to the Lebesgue area measure, and a part on the unit circle

T

\mathbb {T}

which is the restriction of the Lebesgue linear measure to a general measurable subset

E
E

of

T

\mathbb {T}

, we extend the ideas of Khrushchev and calculate the exact form of the Thomson decomposition of the space

P

2

(
μ
)

\mathcal {P}^2(\mu )

. It turns out that the space splits according to a certain natural decomposition of measurable subsets of

T

\mathbb {T}

which we introduce. We highlight applications to the theory of the Cauchy integral operator and de Branges-Rovnyak spaces.
S

ub-

C

luster

I

dentification through

S

emi-

S

upervised

O

ptimization of

R

are-Cell

S

ilhouettes (SCISSORS) in single-cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Leary Jack R , Xu Yi , Morrison Ashley B , Jin Chong , Shen Emily C , Kuhlers Peyton C , Su Ye , Rashid Naim U , Yeh Jen Jen , Peng Xianlu Laura 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled the molecular profiling of thousands to millions of cells simultaneously in biologically heterogenous samples. Currently, the common practice in scRNA-seq is to determine cell type labels through unsupervised clustering and the examination of cluster-specific genes. However, even small differences in analysis and parameter choosing can greatly alter clustering results and thus impose great influence on which cell types are identified. Existing methods largely focus on determining the optimal number of robust clusters, which can be problematic for identifying cells of extremely low abundance due to their subtle contributions toward overall patterns of gene expression.

Results
Here, we present a carefully designed framework, SCISSORS, which accurately profiles subclusters within broad cluster(s) for the identification of rare cell types in scRNA-seq data. SCISSORS employs silhouette scoring for the estimation of heterogeneity of clusters and reveals rare cells in heterogenous clusters by a multi-step semi-supervised reclustering process. Additionally, SCISSORS provides a method for the identification of marker genes of high specificity to the cell type. SCISSORS is wrapped around the popular Seurat R package and can be easily integrated into existing Seurat pipelines.

Availability and implementation
SCISSORS, including source code and vignettes, are freely available at https://github.com/jr-leary7/SCISSORS.
Aspirin chemoprevention in colorectal cancer: network meta-analysis of low, moderate, and high doses
Authors: Shah Devansh , Di Re Angelina , Toh James W T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer, with nearly 2 million cases worldwide and just under 1 million deaths in 2020. Several trials have demonstrated that aspirin has the potential to reduce the incidence and/or recurrence of colorectal cancer; however, the optimal aspirin dose is unclear.

Methods
Relevant studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library from database inception to 2 February 2022. Data from RCTs in which the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients without active colorectal cancer assigned to aspirin versus control were included. Two investigators independently identified studies and abstracted data. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias 2 tool. The study was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Aspirin dose was stratified into low (50–163 mg/day), mid (164–325 mg/day), and high (500–1200 mg/day).

Results
Thirteen articles representing 11 RCTs (92 550 participants) were included, with studies assessing aspirin as primary prophylaxis in general or high-risk populations, and as secondary prophylaxis for metachronous colorectal cancer. There was a statistically significant reduction in colorectal cancer incidence in the high-dose aspirin group compared with the group that received no aspirin or placebo (OR 0.69, 95 per cent credible interval 0.50 to 0.96; surface under the cumulative ranking 0.82). There was no statistically significant difference between mid- and low-dose aspirin versus no aspirin/placebo.

Conclusion
In this network meta-analysis of RCTs, high-dose aspirin was associated with a reduction in colorectal cancer incidence. However, this was based on a limited number of trials. This study did not show a statistically significant risk reduction in colorectal cancer incidence with mid- or low-dose aspirin.
Salvation and Health in Southern Appalachia: What the Opioid Crisis Reveals about Health Care and the Church
Authors: McCarty Brett 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This essay examines the interconnected nature of salvation and health, and it does so by engaging both recent qualitative research and three scriptural accounts from the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus. In doing so, the essay argues that salvation and health—and their conceptual pairings, sin and disease—are never individualistic. These realities are always cosmic, communal, and interpersonal, even as sin and disease are fundamentally disintegrating and isolating. The salvation and health of people suffering with substance use issues are bound up with the transformations of governing principalities and powers, social realities, and relationships. Health care practitioners and clergy should be wise, communal guides offering care and accompaniment in the pursuit of salvation and health.
Scientists without borders: lessons from Ukraine
Authors: Wolfsberger Walter , Chhugani Karishma , Shchubelka Khrystyna , Frolova Alina , Salyha Yuriy , Zlenko Oksana , Arych Mykhailo , Dziuba Dmytro , Parkhomenko Andrii , Smolanka Volodymyr , Gümüş Zeynep H , Sezgin Efe , Diaz-Lameiro Alondra , Toth Viktor R , Maci Megi , Bortz Eric , Kondrashov Fyodor , Morton Patricia M , Łabaj Paweł P , Romero Veronika , Hlávka Jakub , Mangul Serghei , Oleksyk Taras K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Conflicts and natural disasters affect entire populations of the countries involved and, in addition to the thousands of lives destroyed, have a substantial negative impact on the scientific advances these countries provide. The unprovoked invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the devastating earthquake in Turkey and Syria, and the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East are just a few examples. Millions of people have been killed or displaced, their futures uncertain. These events have resulted in extensive infrastructure collapse, with loss of electricity, transportation, and access to services. Schools, universities, and research centers have been destroyed along with decades’ worth of data, samples, and findings. Scholars in disaster areas face short- and long-term problems in terms of what they can accomplish now for obtaining grants and for employment in the long run. In our interconnected world, conflicts and disasters are no longer a local problem but have wide-ranging impacts on the entire world, both now and in the future. Here, we focus on the current and ongoing impact of war on the scientific community within Ukraine and from this draw lessons that can be applied to all affected countries where scientists at risk are facing hardship. We present and classify examples of effective and feasible mechanisms used to support researchers in countries facing hardship and discuss how these can be implemented with help from the international scientific community and what more is desperately needed. Reaching out, providing accessible training opportunities, and developing collaborations should increase inclusion and connectivity, support scientific advancements within affected communities, and expedite postwar and disaster recovery.
Seasonal Changes in Hematological Parameters in House Sparrows of Subtropical Pakistan
Authors: Nimra S , Kayani A R , Irfan M , Ahmed M S 
Published: July 2023

Synopsis
House sparrow is a globally adaptive bird. The way this creature adapted to all areas of the world, having different selection pressures, is interesting to understand. The present study is focused on seasonal changes, having different selection pressures and how it is adapted to these changes and whether hematological flexibility plays a role in this success. House sparrow's adaptations in the same area, during different seasons, have been studied in a sub-tropical area, Potohar, Pakistan. We used hematological parameter analysis for this purpose. Blood samples were collected from Sparrows in winter, spring, and summer and analyzed for some hematological parameters. White blood cells (WBCs) were higher in spring and summer which may relate to mating promiscuity. Sparrows were more stressed in summer. The Red blood cells (RBCs) and hematocrit (Hct) were greater in summer. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is lower in summer. This may have an adaptation to cope with high stress in summer as small-size RBCs increase gaseous exchange. Platelets were not affected by season or gender. Mean corpuscular volume and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) are positively correlated with each other. Red blood cells, hemoglobin (Hb) and MCV were higher in males during the spring season perhaps as an adaptation to energetic activities during spring like mating calls and search for nesting sites. White blood cells remained the same in both genders in summer and winter, and effected in spring may be related to the mating system. Behavioral state is linked with physiological states that shows tradeoff and life history traits. This study is a small effort to know this incredible species. We can work further in different parts of the world to explore different aspects of it.