bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A stability indicating UPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of nateglinide and metformin hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage form
Authors: Narikimalli Ashritha , Galla Rajitha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundNateglinide and metformin HCl are used in combination for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. A simple, sensitive and reliable UPLC method was developed for simultaneous estimation of nateglinide and metformin HCl using Phenomenox C18(50*2.1 mm, 3.5 µm) column at ambient temperature as stationary phase in addition to mobile phase containing 75 volumes of ammonium formate buffer (pH = 3) along with 25 volumes of acetonitrile with a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min with UV detection at 260 nm and a run time of 3 min. The developed method was validated as per ICH Q2(R1) guidelines.ResultsThe separation of metformin HCl and nateglinide was done at retention times of 1.014 min and 1.435 min, respectively. The mean % recovery for nateglinide and metformin HCl in the accuracy study was observed to be 99.9% and 99.2%, respectively. LOD and LOQ values were determined considering the S/N ratio and were found to be 0.09 µg/mL and 0.3 µg/mL, respectively, for nateglinide and 0.75 µg/mL and 2.5 µg/mL, respectively, for metformin HCl. The method was found to be precise with % RSD values of 0.58 and 0.45, respectively, for repeatability and intermediate precision of nateglinide and 0.43 and 0.43, respectively, for repeatability and intermediate precision of metformin HCl which were within acceptance criteria. The method was found to be linear in the range of 7.5–45 µg/mL and 62.5–375 μg/mL for nateglinide and metformin HCl, respectively. The regression equations for nateglinide and metformin HCl were found to bey = 17377x + 6543.4 andy = 18439x + 43,537, respectively. The method was found to be robust by deliberate changes in the method parameters like flow rate and mobile phase composition. Forced degradation studies were performed as per ICH Q1A(R2) and Q1B guidelines, and peak purity was observed in all types of degradation studies for both the drugs.ConclusionThe developed method was found to be satisfactory as it is simple, sensitive, accurate, precise, robust, rapid, economical and yet stability indicating and can be applied successfully in the routine laboratory analysis for the simultaneous estimation of nateglinide and metformin HCl in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Modified mandibulotomy as an approach to parapharyngeal space tumors: a case report
Authors: Singh Ambesh , Arora Ripu Daman , Dange Prajwal S. , Nagarkar Nitin M , Raghani Manish 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
A mandibulotomy approach has been introduced for removal of posteriorly-based tumors of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and certain parapharyngeal tumors with minimum morbidity.

Case presentation
A middle-aged male presented with a left-sided upper neck mass for last year and difficulty in swallowing for the past six months. A previous history of sclerotherapy and incision and drainage was present and a histopathological examination report from the incision and drainage-derived tissue was suggestive of lymphangioma. On examination, a single soft globular swelling measuring approximately 6 × 4 cm in the left infra-auricular region and a scar of previous incision and drainage measuring approximately 1 × 0.5 cm was present. Oropharynx: tonsillar bulge was present and reaching up to the uvula. Contrast-enhanced MRI revealed an enhancing lesion suggesting a vascular tumour affecting the pre and post-styloid compartment. The patient underwent surgical excision of the lymphangioma by a modified mandibulotomy approach to improve bony stability, avoiding lip split incision and tooth extraction for medically resistant lymphangioma. So, we introduced our modified technique of mandibulotomy in cases of medically resistant parapharyngeal space tumors with a modified lifting step osteotomy with a thin saw blade.

Conclusion
The modified mandibulotomy approach provides a safe and effective means of tumor resection and this technique not only ensures complete tumour resection but also maintains the integrity and functionality of the mandible.
Κριτήρια Ποιότητας Βίντεο για τα Μαζικά Ανοικτά Διαδικτυακά Μαθήματα (MOOCs)
Authors: Γιασιράνης Στέφανος , Σοφός Αλιβίζος (Λοΐζος) , Κώστας Απόστολος 
Published: June 2023

Τα Μαζικά Ανοικτά Διαδικτυακά Μαθήματα (MOOCs) εμφανίστηκαν το 2008 για να εκδημοκρατίσουν την τριτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση προσφέροντας ελεύθερη πρόσβαση στη μάθηση σε κάθε ενδιαφερόμενο. Βασικό μαθησιακό υλικό στα MOOCs αποτελούν τα ολιγόλεπτα βίντεο, τα οποία συμβάλλουν στην επιτυχή τους ολοκλήρωση, καθώς ένα από τα βασικά προβλήματα των MOOCs είναι τα πολύ υψηλά ποσοστά μη ολοκλήρωσης των προγραμμάτων. Προϋπόθεση γι’ αυτό, είναι τα βίντεο να είναι ποιοτικά, καθώς ένα ποιοτικό βίντεο συμβάλλει στην επίτευξη των μαθησιακών στόχων και κρίνεται θετικά από τους/τις εκπαιδευόμενους/ες. Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα βιβλιογραφικής ανασκόπησης που διεξήχθη με στόχο τη συγκέντρωση και ομαδοποίηση των κριτηρίων εκείνων που χαρακτηρίζουν ένα βίντεο ως ποιοτικό. Εντοπίστηκαν 50 δείκτες ποιότητας, οι οποίοι ομαδοποιήθηκαν σε 3 άξονες και 5 κατηγορίες. Οι δείκτες αυτοί μπορούν να αξιοποιηθούν, τόσο κατά το σχεδιασμό ενός μαθήματος MOOC, όσο και για την αξιολόγηση των βίντεο που περιλαμβάνονται σε ένα τέτοιο πρόγραμμα.
In vitro evaluation of ruminal digestibility and fermentation characteristics of local feedstuff-based beef cattle ration
Authors: Mayulu Hamdi , Daru Taufan Purwakusumaning , Tricahyadinata Irsan 
Published: June 2023

Background: Consumption of local feedstuff Neptunia plena L. Benth and Leersia hexandra Swartz as a ration by the animal subject is expected to promote cost efficiency and production, as well as provide essential nutrition needs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate ruminal dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), ammonia (NH 3) production, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) in beef cattle. Methods: Feed and rumen inoculum samples were prepared and analyzed for their proximate contents. There were five treatment groups based on the diet received by beef cattle, namely: T 1 ( Leersia hexandra Swartz 100 %); T 2 ( Neptunia plena L. Benth 100%); T 3 ( Leersia hexandra Swartz 15% + ( Neptunia plena L. Benth 15% + 70 % Other Feedstuffs); T 4 ( Leersia hexandra Swartz 20% + ( Neptunia plena L. Benth 20% + 60% Other Feedstuffs); T 5 ( Leersia hexandra Swartz 25% + ( Neptunia plena L. Benth 25% + 50% Other Feedstuffs). In vitro approaches were used to determine the DMD, OMD, NH 3 production, and VFA in beef cattle. Results: The results showed that the highest DMD (P<0.05) was derived from T 5 (56.47%), followed by T 4 (56.45%) and T 3 (55.90%). T 5=62.40% significantly (P<0.05) generated the highest OMD followed by T 4=61.95% and T 3=60.82%. This treatment had the highest NH 3 value, namely 5.02 mM, compared with T 3=4.55 mM, T 4=4.50 mM, T 2=4.22 mM, and T 1=3.99 mM. Furthermore, T 5 had the highest VFA (P<0.05) compared with T 4, T 3, T 2, and T 1 with the value of 150.5, 133.0, 130.5, 130.0, and 123.5 mM, respectively. Conclusions: The local feedstuff-based ration can be used to ensure the sustainable production of beef cattle
Wieże mieszkalne w krzyżackiej architekturze zamkowej w Prusach
Authors: Wasik Bogusz 
Published: June 2023

Zamki państwa zakonnego w Prusach budzą zainteresowanie naukowców od dwustu lat, jednak koncentruje się ono przede wszystkim na siedzibach komturów – tzw. zamkach konwentualnych. Mniejsze zamki, w których przebywali urzędnicy krzyżaccy niższej rangi, znajdowały się najczęściej na marginesie zainteresowań. Nie zwracano również dotąd szerzej uwagi na zagadnienie obecności wież mieszkalnych na zamkach krzyżackich. Wśród obiektów tych można wyróżnić grupę zamków urzędników niższej rangi z domami wieżowymi.
Blood sample as a promising diagnostic tool in oncology - literature review
Authors: Drobek Dominik , Wojtala Kacper , Turek Michał , Winiarz Aleksandra , Szlendak Paula , Toś Katarzyna , Wąsala Katarzyna , Grosman Sylwia , Węgrzyniak Agata , Wokurka Wojciech 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The molecular characterization of solid tumors has provided significant advances in oncology, and genome profiling using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has helped improve the quality of medical care for patients with cancer. Liquid biopsy is a diagnostic molecular test to demonstrate the presence of circulating tumor DNA or circulating tumor cells released from primary or metastatic solid tumors. In addition, the minimally invasive nature of the liquid biopsy enables quick verification of the grade of malignancy. Observation of ctDNA in blood tests is of great importance at the treatment stage, it allows to determine resistance to the applied treatment, response to therapy and to predict relapse before it occurs.

Aim of the study
The aim of this review is to present information on the use of circulating tumor DNA together with circulating tumor cells in oncological diagnostics.

Materials and methods
The work was created based on the PubMed database. Articles were searched in English using the following keywords: ctDNA, CTC, cfDNA.

Results
Currently, ctDNA analysis is an alternative to traditional molecular diagnostics of cancer tissue, assessment of the effectiveness of therapy, monitoring of tumor dynamics, monitoring of progression and predicting recurrence.

Summary
There are not many diagnostic methods for detecting ctDNA. Due to the short length of the fragments and the low content in the samples, ctDNA analysis requires more sensitive techniques to ensure its reliability compared to methods used in solid tissue biopsies. Existing techniques of ctDNA analysis focus mainly on the identification of mutations in advanced stages of cancer, less often on early diagnosis.
Przemiany koncepcji wystawienniczych (na przykładzie Oddziału Etnografii Muzeum Narodowego w Gdańsku)
Authors: Domańska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2023

Wystawa muzealna to twór kulturowy, na który składają się różnorodne elementy – eksponaty, teksty, aranżacja plastyczna. Jest kompletną całością, nie zaś zbiorem przypadkowych przedmiotów wystawionych bez namysłu. Z upływem lat zmienia się dobór tematów oraz pomysły na kształtowanie przestrzeni wystawowej. Szczególnym przykładem miejsc, w których to zjawisko powinno zachodzić są muzea etnograficzne, jednak często tego typu instytucje zatrzymały się w czasie i przestały nadążać za widzem muzealnym o innym niż dawniej bagażu kulturowym i zdolnościach percepcyjnych.
Zasadniczą część tekstu stanowi analiza wystawy stałej oraz ekspozycji czasowych prezentowanych w Oddziale Etnografii Muzeum Narodowego w Gdańsku w latach 2016-2018. Jej dopełnieniem są rozważania na temat przyszłości muzealnictwa etnograficznego.
The nonlinear analysis of reactive powder concrete effectiveness in shear for reinforced concrete deep beams
Authors: Jaafar Azhar Ayad , Yussof Mustafasanie M. , Azeez Alyaa Abdulrazzaq , Mezher Thaer Matlab , Ali Blash Abrahem A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate the effect of using reactive powder concrete (RPC) for reinforcement concrete deep beams (CDBs) to study the shear effect by the numerical analysis. The method of finite element analysis model simulations using a program was used. The characteristics of RPC and the deep beam of reinforced concrete were obtained from previous scientific research. Non-linear analysis for two models of deep beams, one with RPC and the other without using it, was conducted to compare with experimental results from recent tests of deep concrete beams with RPC and loaded until failure. The data obtained from the specimens have many factors related to the effect of the strength and action of reinforcement CDBs such as shear load deflection, crack pattern, mode failure, and concrete strength. On the other hand, the mesh changing was investigated in terms of the maximum concrete strength and the running time by changing the mesh size to 50, 25, and 15. Models were simulated with a two-point load using a shear span-to-depth with an av/d ratio of 0.77. The difference in percentage deflection between the numerical and experimental models’ data was observed at 2.60 and 5.9% for concrete deep beam and RPC deep beam, respectively, and the maximum shear load was 2.27 and 5.40%. The importance of the outputs of this article lies in bridging the research gap of this new topic and identifying the shear behavior of deep beams reinforced with RPC due to the lack of research related to this topic. It was noted that the obtained data for finite element analysis are very consistent with the previous laboratory scientific research, while the error rate did not exceed 10%.
Activated carbon from sugarcane as an efficient adsorbent for phenol from petroleum refinery wastewater: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic study
Authors: Abdulrahman Mustafa S. , Alsarayreh Alanood A. , Barno Suondos K. A. , Abd Elkawi Mervat A. , Abbas Ammar S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The adsorption method may be one of the environmentally friendly, economical, and effective techniques to remove phenol from wastewater using low-cost adsorbent activated carbon (AC). The effects of the initial concentration of phenol, temperature, and time of the adsorption on the phenol removal percent were studied. The maximum removal percentage of phenol was 63.73% of the initial 150 mg/l concentration obtained at 25°C. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models have been applied to study the adsorption equilibrium. The results show that both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms fitted the equilibrium data better with a high correlation coefficient (R
2) and a maximum adsorption capacity of 108.70 mg/g. Thorough fitting of adsorption kinetics data followed the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated in the temperature range of 25–50°C. The results show that the adsorption process of phenol on AC is more favorable at low temperatures.
Circularly polarized multimode smart antenna system for micro base station application
Authors: Duan Zhu , Xu Chen-Chen , Wang Feng , Wen Geyi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A smart antenna system suitable for micro base stations is proposed, which consists of three left-handed circularly polarized designs operating at 3.5 GHz. The first one is an eight-port cylindrical conformal antenna with both omnidirectional and directional modes. Its maximum omnidirectional realized gain is 5.0 dBic, and its maximum single/dual beam realized gain under the directional mode on the horizontal plane is 9.4/6.9 dBic. In addition, it can achieve elevational scan from 70° to 110°. The second one is based on the first one with a feeding network, therefore reducing the number of ports to four, achieving a maximum omnidirectional and directional realized gain of 4.2 and 7.9 dBic. The third one is also based on the first one, but with two additional omnidirectional antennas added, making it a hybrid system with enhanced omnidirectional radiation. It has a maximum omnidirectional and directional realized gain of 6.4 and 8.2 dBic. To validate the proposed concept, three prototype arrays are designed, fabricated, and measured, showing that the proposed antenna system can achieve the desired radiation patterns according to different targeted applications.
Gauss--Newton--Kurchatov method for the solution of non-linear least-square problems using ω-condition
Authors: Bhagat Naveen Chandra , Parida Pradip Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We propose to study the convergence of an iterative method used for solving non-linear least-square problems having differentiable as well as non-differentiable functions. We use the ω-condition on both first order divided difference of non-differentiable part and first order derivative of differentiable part to establish the condition for convergence of the method. We also present some numerical experiments as test beds for the proposed method. In all the numerical examples, we have compared our results with a well-known Gauss–Newton–Potra method and shown that our convergence analysis gives better error bounds.
Experimental study on boiling heat transfer of γ-Fe2O3 nanofluids on a downward heated surface
Authors: Gao Jia , Hsieh Huai-En , Liu Songling , Cai Xintian , Wang Saikun , Wang Shiqi , Zhang Shihao , Guo Zhusheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This investigation reports on the experimental outcomes of the pool boiling heat transfer characteristics, specifically on the downward heated surface, concerning reverse osmosis water and γ-Fe2O3 nanofluids. To conduct the pool boiling experiments, γ-Fe2O3 nanofluids were prepared with variable concentrations ranging from 2 mg/L to 10 mg/L. Analysis of the experimental data revealed that a concentration of 5 mg/L yielded the greatest enhancement effect on critical heat flux (CHF), with an increase of 13.5 %. However, the results also indicated that excessively high concentrations of nanofluid had a negative impact on CHF enhancement. The impact of nanofluids on heat transfer performance was investigated by analyzing the observed bubble behavior during the boiling process, measuring the drop angle and surface roughness post-experiment, and characterizing the heated surface morphology via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Through these methods, the underlying mechanism behind the impact of nanofluids on heat transfer performance was identified and analyzed.
Crowdwashing Surveillance; Crowdsourcing Domination
Authors: Megiddo Tamar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Governments regularly rely on citizens’ cooperation in exercising their authority, including the enforcement of rules. This is not only common, but also a necessary practice in a legal system. Technology makes such reliance easier, facilitating increased enforcement of law at little cost. Emergency provides an added legitimizing logic, encouraging citizens’ cooperation and leading them to uncritically follow the government’s lead to reduce the risk to the nation and to themselves. This article considers governments’ crowdsourcing citizens to monitor and surveil other citizens. One central concern this practice raises is that it allows governments to circumvent the limits of their legitimate authority and to augment their power while also obscuring the actor responsible for the surveillance and enforcement action. Consequently, accountability and public oversight over the government are diminished. Where does conventional enlisting of cooperation from law-abiding citizens end, and crowdsourcing totalitarian mass mobilization of citizens against fellow citizens begin? The article’s principal claim is that a bright line should be drawn where governments’ crowdsourcing of information from citizens serves as a means to circumvent democratic checks on their power to collect information, while also disguising the actor responsible for the surveillance. Such practice severely erodes social trust between citizens, jeopardizing their ability to organize and collaborate as engaged citizens and thus serve as a check on government. It further grants excessive power to some citizens over others, endangering the latter’s freedom, especially where the information gathered is used to symbolically or actually exclude certain individuals from the political community.
Crowd Pleaser: The Remaking of Property Rights in Digital Spaces
Authors: Kreiczer-Levy Shelly 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article explores the remaking of classical liberal rights in digital spaces, with a focus on property rights in artificial intelligence (AI) crowds. The rise of crowds in digital and technological spaces has created new opportunities for users, but their accumulated contributions create added value for the platforms and manufacturers that manage the crowd, leading to a curtailment of individual autonomy. The article identifies two parallel processes that characterize individuals’ involvement in digital crowds: manufacturers construct the property rights of individual users as crowd-based rights, while also working to de-crowd users in other contexts. The article compares crowd-based rights to potential group rights and individual rights in non-digital spheres, exposing the weakness of manufacturer-constituted crowd-based rights. The article concludes by discussing possible legal conceptions of the crowd and its governance.
Fabrication and characterization of microencapsulated dimethyl adipate phase change material with melamine-formaldehyde shell for cold thermal energy storage in coating
Authors: Waghmare Bhagyashree Vasantrao , Mahanwar Prakash A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) was synthesized by using the in-situ polymerization technique. Dimethyl adipate (DMA) and melamine-formaldehyde were used as core and shell material for polymerization respectively. Sodium laureate sulphate (SLS) is used as a surfactant. The thermal properties were characterized by using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to confirm the chemical structure. The morphology of microcapsules was studied by using, scanning electron microscopy. DSC result of MPCM has been observed to melt at 10.09 °C with melting latent enthalpy 88 J/g and crystallizes at 4.69 °C with crystallization latent heat 89.50 J/g. TGA analysis confirms increases in the thermal stability of MPCM. The decorative coating was prepared with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 % MPCM loading, and the prepared paint was tested for pencil hardness, gloss, and stain resistances. The thermal energy transfer rate was used to measure how much time coated panel took to reach the equilibrium temperature of 25 °C. Coating with 20 % MPCM loading revealed good thermal storage capacity but other general coating properties deteriorate.
II. Die Königsgerichtsbarkeit und das privilegium fori im deutschen Spätmittelalter (1273–1400)
Authors: Taguchi Masaki 
Published: June 2023

Summary
This article studies the relationship between the German royal jurisdiction and the clerical privilege about jurisdiction (privilegium fori) from 1273 to 1400. In investigating this it is important to consider that many conflicts in which the clergy participated were decided at the sovereign court through reconciliation and arbitration. From the end of the 13th century to the begin of the 14th century, the privilegium fori was respected in principle at the rulers‘ courts, but the privilege was invalid when a cleric fell into conflict with the king himself. Especially clerics with good connections to the court – such as the clerical princes – began to submit to the royal jurisdiction. At the end of the reign of the Wittelsbach Louis IV clerical cases were often treated at the sovereign court during a severe confrontation between the emperor and the Curia. At the same time the imperial court tribunal began to be active. From the middle of the 14th century, under the Luxemburg emperor Charles IV, the clerical privileges of the suit and forms of the process at the ruler court developed further. If the court tribunal had accepted lawsuits against the clergy, Charles IV intervened in favor of the defendant. At the end of the 14th century, under Wenceslas, the parties promoted the ‘Verrechtlichung‘ of the Holy Roman Empire in the later middle ages.