bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunologic Tolerance Induced in the Adult Rabbit with Modified BSA
Authors: Frei P. C. , Cruchaud S. , Arnaudo L. , Vannotti A. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Previous experiments have shown that bovine serum albumin, cleared of its larger phagocytizable particles, is much less immunogenic than regular BSA and can sometimes induce tolerance.
These findings are confirmed in the present paper. It was also shown that 1 mg of BSA was the dose most likely to induce tolerance in the rabbit; a smaller proportion of tolerant animals was obtained with 7 mg, whereas no tolerance was obtained with 25 mg of the antigen. The 0.1-mg dose induced slightly less tolerance than 1 mg, but the difference was not significant.
In most experiments the antigen was screened by injection into a filter animal before injection into experimental animals. In some experiments this biologic filtration was replaced by gel filtration, which also allowed the separation of a “tolerigen” fraction from an immunogenic one. The immunogenic role of the larger component is probably related to its function of adjuvant, since screened BSA injected together with endotoxin is immunogenic and can no longer induce tolerance.
The specificity of this kind of tolerance was established by showing a normal immune response to HSA in rabbits tolerant to BSA. This state of tolerance may persist for several months—one animal has now been tolerant for more than 2 years.
Studies of Blood Group Substances
Authors: Marcus Donald M. , Cass Louise E. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A goat immunized with a human H substance without Leb activity produced IgM and IgG anti-H antibodies. The IgG anti-H contained two populations of antibodies with different specificities. The major population was inhibited by either type I or II difucosyl oligosaccharides, and the minor population was inhibited best by a type I monofucosyl H oligosaccharide. The IgM antibody was inhibited less readily by haptens than was the IgG antibody. The best inhibitor was a type I monofucosyl H oligosaccharide. It is proposed that anti-LebL antisera are directed against a type I difucosyl determinant, whereas anti-LebH antisera react well with either type I or II difucosyl determinants.
Catabolism of Human γG Immunoglobulins of Different Heavy Chain Subclasses
Authors: Spiegelberg Hans L. , Grey Howard M. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The rates of catabolism of human γG immunoglobulins of subclasses γG1, γG2, γG3 and γG4 were studied in heterologous species by determining the rates of elimination from the circulation of pairs of 131I- and 125I-labeled human γG myeloma proteins in mice, rabbits, guinea pigs and squirrel monkeys. In all species studied, γG1, γG2 and γG4 myeloma proteins were on the average catabolized at similar rates, whereas γG3 myeloma proteins were catabolized more rapidly. In contrast, individual myeloma proteins within a given subclass differed significantly in their catabolic rates in mice and monkeys, but except for γG3 myeloma proteins, did not differ in rabbits and guinea pigs. Also, individual myeloma proteins were catabolized differently depending on the species injected, in that certain myeloma proteins had a relatively long half-life in one species but a short half-life in another. These experiments indicate that the homologous species and heterologous species catabolize γG immunoglobulins of different heavy chain subclasses in grossly similar fashion, but that minor structural differences between individual proteins which might modulate the rate of catabolism are only recognized by certain heterologous species and not by others.
The Specificity of Antigen-Induced Thymidine-2-14C Incorporation into Lymph Node Cells from Sensitized Animals
Authors: Stulbarg Michael , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Studies of the immunochemical specificity of antigen-induced thymidine-2-14C incorporation in lymph node cells obtained from animals sensitized to α,DNP(Lys)11–15 or α,DNP(Lys)9 have led to the following observations. 1) Only immunogenic members of the homologous series of α,DNP-L-lysines, equal to or larger in size than the heptamer, stimulate the incorporation of thymidine-2-14C into specifically sensitized cells. 2) Nonimmunogenic α,DNP-L-lysines neither stimulate these cells nor prevent stimulation by immunogenic peptides. 3) The specificity of the receptor for antigen on the sensitized lymphoid cell contrasts with the previously observed capacity of anti-α,DNP(Lys)n antibody to react with DNP-containing proteins and nonimmunogenic α,DNP-L-lysines, but parallels the specificity of the in vivo delayed or anamnestic response.
These results provide support for speculations concerning the existence of a still undefined molecule, different from antibody, which functions as the cellular-receptor for antigen and regulates the proliferative and biosynthetic response of the cell.
Suckling Mouse Cataract Agent (SMCA) in Mice
Authors: Clark H Fred , Karzon David T. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Lifelong infection is regularly produced in mice inoculated intracerebrally with SMCA at birth. However, the progeny of such infected mice do not develop cataracts and virus cannot be recovered from them. Furthermore, neither induction of cataracts nor transplacental passage of SMCA virus was demonstrated in the progeny of susceptible pregnant dams inoculated intravenously with high-titered preparations of SMCA at intervals throughout the gestation period.
SMCA-infected mother mice conferred solid protection against SMCA-induced cataracts on their progeny. Mice acquiring such maternal resistance and inoculated with SMCA were not able subsequently to protect their own progeny. Five consecutive generations of mice were inoculated intracerebrally with SMCA as newborn mice. The first, third and fifth generations were fully susceptible to cataracts, while the second and fourth generations were completely protected. Liver-spleen virus titers in protected generations were sharply reduced and eyes were nearly completely free of SMCA infection.
Protected second generation SMCA-inoculated mice were not immunologically tolerant. When re-inoculated with SMCA at 45 days of age, they subsequently conferred protection against SMCA-induced cataracts on their progeny. Despite the fact that neutralizing antibody is not readily demonstrated in SMCA-infected mice, transfer of maternal antibody provides the most reasonable explanation for the protection against SMCA-induced cataract conferred on suckling mice by SMCA-infected dams.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Nagaki K. , Stroud R. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Active C′1s was purified from human serum by euglobulin precipitation, CM-cellulose chromatography, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and Pevikon electrophoresis. Molecular weight of active C′1s is between 110,000 and 120,000. Highly purified active C′1s contains no C′1q and gives a single precipitin line in the α-globulin region against anti-whole human serum. This line was correlated with hemolytic and esterase activities. Moreover, the hemolytic activity and esterase activity of C′1s were correlated with C′2 and C′4 destructive activities. Although active C′1s forms SAC′4,2a, it does not bind to EAC′4gp at low ionic strength as does C′1a. Furthermore, kinetics of formation of SAC′4,2a with active C′1s exhibit a different pattern from that with C′1a, suggesting that active C′1s transfers from site to site. A convenient spectrophotometric assay system for esterase activity of active C′1s has been developed for these studies using p-tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester (TAMe) as a substrate.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Linscott W. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Conditions for the optimal fixation of guinea pig C′1a to sheep erythrocytes sensitized with 7 S or low-avidity 19 S anti-Forssman antibodies were found to differ markedly from those giving optimal results with high-avidity 19 S antibodies. With 7 S antibody, best results were obtained by adding the C′1a at 0°, final µ = 0.065, and incubating in the cold for 10 min. Then the µ was reduced to 0.037 by adding low ionic strength sucrose-Veronal buffer and incubation at 0° was continued for another 10 min, followed by centrifugation and washing at 0°, µ = 0.037. Under these conditions, approximately 75% of the C′1a offered to the cells could be accounted for by transfer to EAC′4. In order to study the conditions affecting C′1a transfer, it was necessary to separate the transfer reaction from the following reaction with C′2. This was done by lysing washed EAC′1a with water, then restoring the isotonicity with cold five times concentrated sucrose-Veronal buffer, µ = 0.037.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Borsos T. , Rapp H. J. , Colten H. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence has been obtained for the existence of functionally different C′4 molecules. Their existence was deduced from studies of the influence of temperature and immunoglobulin class on the generation of SAC′14 and of the interaction of attached C′4 with anti-C′4 antibodies. Four different kinds of sites have been identified: (1) Competent (hemolytic) sites generated with IgM or with IgG antibodies. The generation of these sites is favored by low temperature. (2) Incompetent (non-hemolytic) sites generated with IgM or with IgG antibodies that are capable of reaction with and activation of C′2. The generation of these sites is favored by elevated temperature. (3) Potentially competent hemolytic sites generated with IgG antibodies that can be converted to hemolytic sites by IgM antibodies. (4) Sites that are neither hemolytic nor capable of using up C′2 and cannot be converted to hemolytic sites. These sites were detected by their ability to react with anti-C′4 antibodies. Elevated temperature favors generation of these sites.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Polley M. J. , Müller-Eberhard H. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The injection of 20 µg of a highly purified preparation of human C′2 mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant into each popliteal lymph node of a rabbit, followed a month later by intramuscular injection of 40 µg of C′2 mixed with adjuvant, elicited a highly potent antiserum to C′2. The antibody inhibited the hemolytic activity of C′2, both in free solution and in cell-bound form, and produced a single precipitin line with whole human serum and with purified C′2 by Ouchterlony test. The two lines gave a reaction of identity. On immunoelectrophoresis, using agar as a supporting medium, purified C′2, which on Pevikon electrophoresis is a β globulin, was found to have an electrophoretic mobility almost equal to that of albumin. However, in the presence of purified C′4, and likewise in whole serum, its mobility was reduced to that of a β globulin, presumably due to C′2 to C′4 interaction.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Rosenberg L. T. , Tachibana D. K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Titrations of hemolytic complement in mice of various inbred and non-inbred stocks show large differences. The following strains and strain pairs are of particular interest either because of the high levels or the hemolytic complement or because genetic evidence implies allelism at few genetic loci suffice to explain the phenotypic differences in total hemolytic complement. 1) A strain derived from a cross between a non-inbred CF-1 mouse and the B10.D2 old line breeds true for high levels of complement equivalent to the highest levels measured in the non-inbred population—averaging 400 C′CH50 units as determined by our test. 2) The strain pair C57BL10 averages 35 C′H50 units. 3) The strains pair C3H/SN and CBA, as well as C3H and new line hemolytic complement, in a manner suggesting simple Mendelian factors determining the differences. The chemical bases for the differences are as yet entirely unknown.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Muschel L. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
External components of Gram-negative organisms such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi possess barrier function that may be destrcyed by EDTA treatment. The effect of such treatment, which is not bactericidal, upon the resistance of cells to the immune bactericidal reaction mediated by C′ was therefore determined. When the amount of antibody was limiting, as with absorbed guinea pig serum, there was a marked difference in the susceptibility of EDTA-treated and control cells. There was only a relatively slight difference in sensitivity of EDTA-treated and control organisms to untreated normal serum, however, and in the presence of excess antibody, no detectable difference. Apparently, an excess of antibody tends to nullify the increased sensitivity to C′ resulting from EDTA treatment. It was previously postulated that the reason for the insusceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria compared with Gram-negative bacteria was the greater thickness of the cell wall of Grampositive species, 15 to 50 mµ, compared to Gramnegative species with walls to 7.5 to 10 mµ.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Müller-Eberhard H. J. , Perlmann P. , Perlmann H. , Manni J. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Target cells consisted of 51Cr-labeled chicken erythrocytes which were treated with rabbit antibody and purified human complement components to produce intermediate complement-cell complexes. They were incubated (in tissue culture medium containing 5% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum chromatographically depleted of C′8 and C′9) for maximally 15 hr with various preparations of human blood leukocytes at a leukocyte-target cell ratio of 50:1. Cell damage was measured by determining the proportion of 51Cr which was released into the medium. The following results were obtained: 1) Cell preparations consisting of 75% lymphoid cells and 25% polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) damaged both C′3- and C′7-target cells, the latter more rapidly and extensively than the former. 2) Purified monocytes exhibited the same cytotoxic effect as the lymphoid cell-PMN mixture. 3) Purified lymphocytes damaged only C′7-target cells but not C′3-target cells. 4) None of the human cell preparations adversely affected target cells which had reacted only with C′1, C′2 and C′4.
An Examination of the Cross Reactivity of Human and Equine γG Globulins and Their Fragments by Immunodiffusion
Authors: Allen Peter Z. , Berger Barbara M. , Helms Charles M. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Rabbit antisera prepared against equine γG globulin, Fab, Fc, H and L chains were employed in immunodiffusion analysis to examine their cross reactivity with antigens related to various portions of the human IgG molecule. Antigenic similarities between the corresponding H and L polypeptide chains of both species were found and cross reactive groupings assigned to locations within chains. A collection of 23 Bence Jones proteins examined for cross reactivity with several rabbit anti-equine Fab and L chain reagents showed cross reactivity of human L chains to be associated principally with λ type proteins.
Immunodiffusion analysis of reciprocal cross reactions involving the ability of several rabbit anti-human IgG reagents to precipitate with antigens related to various portions of the equine IgG molecule showed cross reactivity to be associated with determinants on equine Fc and F′ fragments. Interspecies antigenic similarities between equine L chains and type λ human L chains was also demonstrated by the cross reaction shown by an anti-type λ Bence Jones protein reagent with equine L chains.
Communications
Authors: Davis William C. , Huber Heinz , Douglas Steven D. , Fudenberg H. Hugh 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Defective intracellular killing of bacteria by purified circulating mononuclear phagocytes is demonstrated in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. The relationship of this defect to the characteristic histopathologic finding of pigmentladen macrophages is considered. CGD is a genetic disease which is manifested by impaired bactericidal capacity of at least two circulating cell types, polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes.
Communications
Authors: Dowling Peter C. , Kim Seung U. , Murray Margaret R. , Cook Stuart D. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Two complement-dependent demyelinating antibodies were isolated from the serum of acutely symptomatic multiple sclerosis patients. Demyelinating activity was associated with both the 19 S and 7 S fractions. Isolation procedures showed that the demyelinating factor associated with the 19 S fraction was IgM, while the demyelinating factor associated with the 7 S fraction belonged to the IgG class of immunoglobulins.
Recovery of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Mice Following Suppressive Doses of X-Radiation
Authors: Volkman A. , Collins F. M. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A study was made of the effects of sub-lethal whole body x-radiation on an established state of delayed hypersensitivity induced by the intravenous infection of mice with M. bovis (BCG) or S. gallinarum. The level of delayed sensitivity was determined by measuring the foot-thickness 24 hr after the injection of a suitable eliciting antigen into the footpad. In appropriately sensitized mice the delayed reactivity to both PPD and the Salmonella antigen was largely suppressed by 400 rad of whole body x-radiation. No recovery of reactivity was detected in the 8 days following irradiation of tuberculin sensitive mice. On the other hand, in mice sensitized to S. gallinarum there was a gradual recovery in footpad reactivity.
X-radiation resulted in an abrupt decline in the absolute numbers of circulating lymphocytes, monocytes but not granulocytes. Low white cell counts were sustained throughout the remainder of the experiment. Concurrent autoradiographic labeling studies showed a fall in the labeling index of mononuclear exudate cells at the reaction site coincident with minimal footpad reactivity. The subsequent return of a normal labeling index in the cells of the infiltrate was associated with the recovery of a significant degree of specific footpad reactivity. These results were interpreted to favor the concept that delayed hypersensitivity is mediated by two cell populations. The first is relatively radioresistant and endowed with the specific sensitivity necessary to initiate a delayed reaction. The second, which is necessary for its ultimate expression, is derived from radiosensitive precursors that are capable of rapid regeneration.
Isoantigens of Thyroglobulin and Their Significance in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Authors: Nakamura Robert M. , Weigle William O. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Isoantibodies and isoantigens of bovine thyroglobulin were demonstrated in the present experiments. Isoantibodies to bovine thyroglobulin were easily detected in rabbits rendered unresponsive to bovine thyroglobulin obtained from a single gland and then injected with pooled arsanil-sulfanil bovine thyroglobulin prepared from glands obtained from numerous animals. Sera from such animals contained precipitating and hemagglutinating antibodies to both the tolerated bovine thyroglobulin and pooled (unaltered) bovine thyroglobulin. After absorption of the sera with the tolerated thyroglobulin, the sera no longer reacted with the tolerated thyroglobulin but still reacted with the pooled thyroglobulin. In contrast to rabbits made unresponsive to an individual thyroglobulin, rabbits unresponsive to pooled bovine thyroglobulin did not lose their unresponsive state following injections of pooled arsanil-sulfanil bovine thyroglobulin.
The role of isoantigens in experimental thyroiditis is discussed. It appears that isoantigens of thyroglobulin are involved in the termination of a natural unresponsiveness to autologous thyroglobulin with production of autoimmune thyroiditis following injections of altered homologous thyroglobulin.
The Allergic Response of Rabbit Platelets
Authors: Siraganian Reuben P. , Secchi Antonio G. , Osler Abraham G. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The allergic response of rabbit platelets as observed by increased membrane permeability to 86Rb and by histamine release is Mg++-dependent. There is competitive inhibition by Ca++ at optimal levels of Mg++ (1 to 3 × 10-4 M). Calcium can substitute for Mg++ at suboptimal levels of the latter, but is less effective. Calcium increases the range of Mg++ levels for an optimal response, possibly by stabilizing a reaction intermediate. The latent period for 86Rb efflux is brought to a minimum of about 1 min, by optimal Mg++ concentrations. The minimal latent period for histamine release is about 5 min. The initial rate is inhibited by excess Mg++. The latent period is far less responsive in this respect.
The data suggest that increased membrane permeability and histamine release are successive steps in the allergic response of platelets, in which only a Mg++ requirement has been identified.
Immunochemical Studies of Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Authors: Cowan K. M. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Guinea pig antisera for foot-and-mouth disease virus (140 S), virus protein subunit (12 S) and the virus infection-associated (VIA) antigen were prepared by immunization with the isolated antigenic components or by infection, and made specific by absorption procedures. Guinea pigs immunized with purified inactivated 140 S antigen also produced antibody to the 12 S antigen which necessitated absorption with 12 S antigen. Similarly, guinea pigs immunized with purified 12 S antigen developed antibody to 140 S antigen which was removed by absorption with 140 S antigen. Antiserum specific for VIA antigen was prepared by absorbing serum from infected guinea pigs with both 140 S and 12 S antigens. Quantitative precipitin analyses were performed with the 12 S and 140 S antigens. However, interpretation of the results was complicated by the finding that 12 S antigen precipitated some of the antibody reactive with 140 S antigen, and that 140 S antigen removed a portion of the antibody reactive with the 12 S antigen. Evaluation of the immunization and precipitin analyses indicated that some antigenic relationship exists between the 140 S and 12 S components, the nature of which has yet to be resolved.
Delayed Contact Sensitivity to Catechols
Authors: Baer Harold , Dawson Charles R. , Kurtz A. Peter 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Guinea pigs sensitized with catechols having cyclic and linear hydrocarbon side-chains did not exhibit reciprocal cross-reactivity. Those sensitized with catechols having cyclic hydrocarbon side-chains reacted to almost the same degree when tested with catechols having linear hydrocarbon side-chains with approximately the same number of carbon atoms. Guinea pigs sensitized with catechols having linear side-chains reacted poorly or not at all when tested with catechols having cyclic side-chains. This indicates the importance of the hydrocarbon side-chain in determining antigenic specificity and provides a chemical basis for non-reciprocal cross-reactivity. Specificity that could be attributed to a carrier molecule was minimal or absent. The data are compatible with a linear conformation of n-alkyl side-chains but indicate that, because of their flexibility, they can conform to other shapes. Aromatic character in the hydrocarbon side-chain did not markedly affect specificity, which seemed to be almost completely determined by size and shape.