bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planning strategies for robust carbon-ion scanning radiotherapy for stage I esophageal cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Suga Makito , Kusano Yohsuke , Takakusagi Yosuke , Oosawa Yukio , Minohara Shinichi , Yoshida Daisaku , Katoh Hiroyuki , Kamada Tadashi , Komori Masataka 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to establish a treatment planning strategy with carbon-ion scanning radiotherapy (CIRTs) for stage I esophageal cancer. The clinical data of seven patients treated with CIRTs were used. The setup error and interfractional and intrafractional motion error were analyzed using in-room computed tomography (CT) images for each treatment day. Finally, the planning target volume (PTV) margin was identified according to the accuracy of the treatment system. To ensure robustness against the positional displacements of the target and organs at risk (OAR), the replacement areas were placed as a contour adjacent to the tumor or OAR on the CT-image. The CT values of these areas were replaced by those of the target or OAR. Further, the dose distributions were optimized. Moreover, the variations in the target coverage from the initial plan for each treatment day (ΔV95%) were evaluated. By contrast, the risk of OAR was not evaluated in this study. The setup error was within 1.0 mm. The interfractional and intrafractional target motion errors were 2.8 and 5.0 mm, respectively. The PTV margins were 6.5 and 6.8 mm in the axial and depth directions, respectively. The robustness to target and OAR displacement was evaluated. The results showed that the target coverage with replacement could suppress decreased target coverage more than that without replacement. The PTV determination and replacement methods used in this study improved the target coverage in CIRTs for stage I esophageal cancer. Despite the need for a clinical follow-up, this method may help to improve clinical outcomes.
Line-of-sight optical Dome Turbulence Monitor
Authors: Osborn James , Alaluf David 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Optical turbulence in the enclosure of a ground-based telescope can be a major contributor to the total optical turbulence strength and can therefore limit the precision of astronomical observations, in terms of angular resolution, or signal to noise ratio, depending on the instrumentation used. Here we propose a new Dome Turbulence Monitor (DTM) technique. This DTM is based on the well known Scintillation Detection And Ranging (SCIDAR) concept with a few major differences. By designing the instrument specifically for the dome turbulence, we can use a small (&lt;0.2 m telescope), and observe single bright stars (as opposed to the SCIDAR using double stars). This enables a dedicated instrument with enough targets to operate continuously. Operationally, the DTM could be mounted somewhere on the main astronomical telescope and track stars that are visible through the dome aperture. By measuring through the dome aperture we obtain an optical measure of the strength of the turbulence along a similar line of sight as the main telescope itself. We demonstrate the new technique through numerical Monte Carlo modelling and present results from a proof-of-concept demonstration at the European Space Agency Optical Ground Station on Tenerife, Spain.
Dust dynamics in AGN winds: a new mechanism for multiwavelength AGN variability
Authors: Soliman Nadine H , Hopkins Philip F 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Partial dust obscuration in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has been proposed as a potential explanation for some cases of AGN variability. The dust–gas mixture present in AGN tori is accelerated by radiation pressure, leading to the launching of an AGN wind. Dust under these conditions has been shown to be unstable to a generic class of fast-growing resonant drag instabilities (RDIs). In this work, we present the first numerical simulations of radiation-driven outflows that explicitly include dust dynamics in conditions resembling AGN winds. We investigate the implications of RDIs on the torus morphology, AGN variability, and the ability of radiation to effectively launch a wind. We find that the RDIs rapidly develop, reaching saturation at times much shorter than the global time-scales of the outflows, resulting in the formation of filamentary structure on box-size scales with strong dust clumping and super-Alfvénic velocity dispersions. The instabilities lead to fluctuations in dust opacity and gas column density of 10–20 per cent when integrated along mock observed lines of sight to the quasar accretion disc. These fluctuations occur over year to decade time-scales and exhibit a red-noise power spectrum commonly observed for AGNs. Additionally, we find that the radiation effectively couples with the dust–gas mixture, launching highly supersonic winds that entrain 70–90 per cent of the gas, with a factor of ≲3 photon momentum loss relative to the predicted multiple-scattering momentum loading rate. Therefore, our findings suggest that RDIs play an important role in driving the clumpy nature of AGN tori and generating AGN variability consistent with observations.
Addressing Intergenerational Inequity in Tobacco-Harm: What Helps Children of Smokers to Remain Nonsmokers?
Authors: Ball Jude , Zhang Jane , Stanley James , Waa Andrew , Crengle Sue , Edwards Richard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Children of people who smoke are more likely to take up smoking themselves. In Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), adolescent smoking declined dramatically between 2000 and 2016 despite limited change in parental smoking, demonstrating that the cycle can be broken.

Aims and Methods
This study aimed to identify modifiable factors associated with never smoking in Year 10 students (14–15 years) who had at least one caregiver who smoked. We used data from the Youth Insights Survey (2016 and 2018, pooled, N = 5,422) and identified students with at least one caregiver (mother, father, grandparent, other caregiver) who smoked (N = 2,205). To investigate modifiable factors potentially associated with nonsmoking we used logistic regression with marginally adjusted prevalence estimates.

Results
Overall, 41% of students had at least one caregiver who smoked. In this group, the majority (65%) had never smoked themselves. After adjustment, never-smoking was more prevalent among students attending low-deprivation (more affluent) schools (73% had never smoked) compared to high-deprivation schools (44%); students not exposed to others’ smoking inside the home (72%) or in cars (70%) in the past week compared to those exposed (59% and 51%, respectively); and students whose parents would be upset if they were caught smoking (68% vs 49% for those whose parents would not be upset), or who had high self-esteem (69% vs 55% for those with low self-esteem).

Conclusions
Modifiable factors independently associated with non-smoking in adolescents with caregiver(s) who smoked were: nonexposure to smoking inside the home and in cars, parental expectations of nonsmoking, and high self-esteem.

Implications
Even in countries like NZ with relatively low adult smoking rates, children’s exposure to caregiver smoking may be prevalent, particularly in structurally disadvantaged populations. This study suggests that action to promote smokefree homes and cars, build high self-esteem in young people, and communicate expectations of non-smoking are likely to help children of people who smoke to remain nonsmokers. A comprehensive approach that also addresses “upstream” factors (eg, socioeconomic deprivation) and underlying causes of structural inequity (eg, institutional racism) is needed. Such policy and community action may help to break intergenerational cycles of tobacco use and health inequity.
Clinic-based Assessment and Support for Family Caregivers of Patients With Cancer: Results of a Feasibility Study
Authors: Suresh Madhuvanthi , Risbud Rashmi , Patel Manali I. , Lorenz Karl A. , Schapira Lidia , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores , Trivedi Ranak 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Cancer caregiving is burdensome with unique needs, highlighting the importance of assessing caregivers’ distress. Caregivers often accompany patients to healthcare visits, presenting an opportunity to complete distress screening at patients’ point-of-care.

Objective:
To evaluate the feasibility of caregiver distress screening at the patients’ point-of-care and implementing a caregiver psychoeducational session.

Methods:
We approached caregivers in outpatient cancer clinic waiting rooms. Participants completed depression, burden, anxiety, quality of life, and stress measures. A psychoeducational session with a psychologist was offered to those meeting clinical cutoffs for depression and/or burden. Fifty caregivers completed 1+ measure; however, due to incomplete consent documentation, findings from 23 caregivers are reported.

Results:
A total of 22% of caregivers screened positive for depression, 30% for burden, and 70% for anxiety. More than half rated stress as moderate or higher. Mental wellbeing was slightly below that of the general population. More than 75% screened positive on 1+ distress measure. Of the 9 caregivers who met cutoffs for depression and/or burden, two (22%) accepted the psychoeducational session.

Conclusion:
Caregivers were moderately receptive to distress screening during patients’ visits, but were less receptive to engaging in the psychoeducational session due to time constraints and privacy concerns.

Implications for Practice:
Assessing caregivers’ distress can facilitate referrals for supportive services. Offering caregivers psychoeducational intervention outside of patient care may not be acceptable. Future research may evaluate the integration of routine caregiver screening within patient care to promote engagement with mental health services.

What is Foundational:
This research offers a unique method of assessing cance caregivers’ distress.
Efficacy and Safety of Sutureless Deep Sclerectomy in Juvenile and Adult Open Angle Glaucoma: 2-Year Outcomes
Authors: Abdelrahman Ahmed Mostafa , Eltanamly Rasha Mounir , Kotb Mohamed Sabry 
Published: August 2023

Précis:
Sutureless deep sclerectomy (SDS) achieved significant reduction in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG).

Purpose:
To assess long-term results of SDS in cases with POAG and JOAG.

Patients and Methods:
A prospective interventional study included 84 eyes of 54 patients underwent SDS with the superficial scleral flap left un-sutured. Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded over 2 years. Success was defined according to the world glaucoma association criteria: Criterion A: IOP ≤18 mmHg and IOP reduction ≥30% from the preoperative status without medications [complete success (A1)], with and without medications [qualified success (A2)]. Criterion B: IOP ≤15 mmHg and IOP reduction ≥40% from the preoperative status without medications [complete success (B1)], with and without medications [qualified success (B2)].

Results:
There was statistically significant reduction in IOP compared with the preoperative IOP (mean IOP = 26.21± 10.46 mmHg) starting from 1st postoperative day (mean IOP = 7.18 ± 1.8 mmHg) till the end of follow-up period at 2 years (mean IOP = 15.85± 4.46) (P < 0.001). Also, number of medications dropped significantly from 3.27 ± 1.14 to 0.82 ± 0.97 at the end of follow up period. At 2 years complete success (A1) was achieved in 57.1% and qualified success (A2) was achieved in 91.6% of cases. Subgroup analysis into males and females, POAG and JOAG showed no statistically significant difference between subgroups regarding IOP reduction.

Conclusion:
SDS is an effective and safe modification to deep sclerectomy in cases with POAG and JOAG.
Characteristics and Mechanism of Acute Ischemic Stroke in NAVF Patients With Prior Oral Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Xue Sufang , Na Risu , Dong Jing , Wei Min , Kong Qi , Wang Qiujia , Qiu Xue , Li Fangyu , Song Haiqing 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
We aimed to analyze the characteristics and mechanisms of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who received prior anticoagulant therapy.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with NVAF and AIS between January 2016 and December 2021. Patients were divided into non-anticoagulant, adequate anticoagulant, and insufficient anticoagulant groups according to their prior anticoagulant status. Patients with prior anticoagulant therapy were further divided into warfarin and direct oral anticoagulant groups.

Results:
A total of 749 patients (661 without anticoagulants, 33 with adequate anticoagulants, and 55 with insufficient anticoagulants) were included. Patients with adequate anticoagulant had a milder National Institute of Health Stroke Scale at presentation (P=0.001) and discharge (P=0.003), a higher proportion of Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2 at discharge (P=0.011), and lower rates of massive infarction (P=0.008) than patients without anticoagulant. Compared with the non-anticoagulant group, the proportion of intravenous thrombolysis was significantly lower in the adequate anticoagulant (P<0.001) and insufficient anticoagulant (P=0.009) groups. Patients in the adequate anticoagulant group had higher rates of responsible cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis (P=0.001 and 0.006, respectively) and competing large artery atherosclerotic mechanisms (P=0.006 and 0.009, respectively) than those in the other 2 groups. Compared with warfarin, direct oral anticoagulant was associated with higher rates of Modified Rankin Scale ≤2 at discharge (P=0.003).

Conclusions:
Adequate anticoagulant therapy may be associated with milder stroke severity and better outcomes at discharge in patients with NVAF. Competing large artery atherosclerotic mechanisms may be associated with anticoagulant failure in patients with NAVF with prior adequate anticoagulant therapy.
Randomized Trial of a Social Support Intervention to Improve Home Blood Pressure Monitoring in Patients With Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Mullen Michael T. , Cucchiara Brett L. , Messé Steven R. , Zamzam Ahmad , Kasner Scott E. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
A pilot randomized trial evaluating whether a social support intervention improves adherence to home blood pressure (BP) monitoring among patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Methods:
Subjects with ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or transient ischemic attack within 5 years with BP >140/90, were given a centrally monitored home BP cuff and asked to check their BP twice a day for 90 ± 7 days. Subjects received text and/or email reminders for missed measurements and weekly reports on adherence/BP control. Subjects were randomized 1:1 to a social support intervention, in which close personal contact also received all study-related education and communications. The primary outcome was the proportion of requested measurements completed. A secondary outcome was a change in BP over time.

Results:
Thirty-three subjects were enrolled, 15 in the control arm and 18 in the social support arm. The social support arm completed a greater proportion of BP measurements at day 30 (88% vs 78%), day 60 (72% vs 54%), and day 83 (60% vs 40%), but none of these differences were statistically significant (P > 0.05). Comparing the first 7 days of BP readings to the last 7 days across subjects, there was a nonsignificant decrease in BP over time (systolic BP = −2.8 mm Hg, P = 0.29 and diastolic BP = −1.7, P = 0.36). The social support intervention did not modify the change in BP over time.

Conclusion:
A social support intervention may increase adherence to home BP monitoring. This pilot study provides important preliminary data to inform the design of larger more definitive trials utilizing self-monitoring of BP in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Safety and Efficacy of Aspiration Catheter CAT6 and 5 Fr Navien in the Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Chen Zhongjun , Fan Tieping , Zhao Xusheng , Hu Teng , Qi Hengxu , Li Di 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Mechanical thrombectomy has become a key treatment option for acute ischemic stroke. This study compared the safety and efficacy of aspiration catheter CAT6 and 5 Fr Navien.

Methods:
Thrombectomy was performed in103 patients with the acute internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery M1 or M2 occlusions, including the CAT6 group (n=53 with stent retriever and CAT6 aspiration) and the 5 Fr Navien group (n=50 with stent retriever and 5 Fr Navien aspiration) at the Advanced Stroke Center.

Results:
Overall, an aspiration catheter placement success rate was achieved in 93.2% of cases, 52 (98.11%) for CAT6, and 44 (88.00%) for 5 Fr Navien (P=0.042). Overall, 17 cases (16.51%) required additional guidewire rates, 5.66% for CAT6, and 13.592% for 5 Fr Navien (P=0.002). First-pass success rate (FPSR) was achieved in 38.84% of cases overall, a rate that did not differ significantly between catheters: 45.28% for CAT6; 32.00% for 5 Fr Navien (P=0.167). Final thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b or 3 reperfusion was achieved in 91.26% of cases overall, 51 (96.23%) for CAT6, and 43 (86%) for 5 Fr Navien (P=0.066). The participants had a mean number of passes for the index thrombus of 1.956 and a median procedure time of 65.82±21.8 minutes. There was no significant difference found in 90-day good outcome (mean 42.7%, modified Rankin Score 0 to 2) and 90-day mortality (17%) between CAT6 and 5 Fr Navien.

Conclusion:
Aspiration catheter placement success rate and first-pass success rate seemed to be higher for CAT6 and, moreover, the rate of additional guidewires was lower.
Defining Sentinel Injuries of Suspected Child Abuse by Age Using International Classification of Diseases-10
Authors: Kim Han Bit , Noh Hyun 
Published: August 2023

Objective
To address child abuse effectively requires accurate assessment of the magnitude of the problem. Although it is difficult to assess the scale of child abuse cases nationwide, it can be estimated through the incidence of sentinel injuries, which are defined as minor but unusual injuries such as bruises or wounds in children of precruising age. Therefore, this study aimed to define disease codes for sentinel injuries by age as a preliminary study to elucidate the incidence of sentinel injuries among patients who visited hospitals nationwide.

Method
This study was designed using the Delphi method with a structured questionnaire. An extensive literature review was conducted to develop the questionnaire. The 9 participants selected as experts in child abuse were all experienced pediatric emergency medicine specialists working at pediatric emergency medicine training hospitals in South Korea, and 8 participants responded to the first survey. The Delphi method comprised 3 rounds of online surveys using Google Forms and Excel sheet questionnaire via e-mail. Only questions that achieved consensus were selected and assigned a sentinel injury disease code.

Results
In total, 105 questions regarding the definition of sentinel injury disease codes were surveyed as to whether they should be included as sentinel injuries, categorized by type (bruises, burns, open wounds/lacerations, and others) and anatomical location. Among them, 5 (62.5%) or more participants agreed on 92 items.

Conclusions
Using the Delphi method, we defined disease codes for sentinel injuries in children aged younger than 12 months, possibly enabling assessment of the incidence of child abuse based on national data. Future research is needed to validate this result and investigate the incidence of sentinel injuries using the defined disease codes and to determine their association with actual cases of child abuse.
18F-FDG PET/CT to Spare Malignancy in a Rare Case of Lung Endometriosis
Authors: Padilla Bermejo Amanda , García Zoghby Laura , Pena Pardo Francisco José , del Prado Talavera Rubio María , Poblete García Víctor Manuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Lung endometriosis is a rare condition. A 44-year-old woman with known lung endometriosis and radiological follow-up showed progression of bilateral lung affection at control CT, with an enlarged solid nodule with respect to previous control. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to assess that lesion and to guide biopsy. PET images showed the multiple known nodules with pathological tracer uptake.
A Novel Model of Sacral Obliquity, Iliac Obliquity, and Hip Obliquity in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Chi Pengfei , Cheng Junyao , Song Kai , Wu Bing , Yu Wen , Yu Yang , Cui Geng , Wang Zheng 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo propose and validate a novel model to explore the potential compensatory mechanism of sacral obliquity and pelvic obliquity in coronal balance.Summary of Background DataSacral obliquity and pelvic obliquity are common phenomena in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, their compensatory mechanisms in coronal balance remain unclear.MethodsA total of 569 AIS patients were recruited. Coronal pelvic and lower limb parameters, including sacral obliquity (SO), iliac obliquity (IO), and hip obliquity (HO), were measured. Coronal spinal parameters, such as coronal distance (CD), clavicle angle (CA), thoracic curve (T), thoracolumbar/lumbar curve (TL/L), and tilt angle of L2∼L5, were measured. Correlation analysis was performed.ResultsThe mean values of SO, IO, and HO were 3.34±2.81°, 1.40±2.04°, and 0.82±1.79°, respectively. The largest correlation coefficients with SO were L5 and IO (r=0.725, 0.701). The largest correlation coefficients with IO were SO and HO (r=0.701, 0.801). The largest correlation coefficients with HO were SO and IO (r=0.566, 0.801).ConclusionSO, IO, and HO have different implications for coronal balance, and their magnitude and direction can be deduced from the novel model. These parameters could be used to evaluate the compensation of the pelvis and lower limbs in AIS. In the coronal position, the pelvis and lower limbs extend the spinal sequence, similar to vertebrae and intervertebral discs.
The influence of feedback on employees’ goal setting and performance in online corporate training: a moderation effect
Authors: Duan Lian , Song Hongbo , Huang Xiaoshan , Lin Weihan , Jiang Yan , Wang Xingheng , Wu Yihua 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The study examined the impact of feedback types through a learning management system (LMS) on employees’ training performance. The purpose of this study is to establish effective feedback on advanced technologies for promoting corporate training.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 148 trainees were recruited from a multinational medical company. Employees were randomly assigned to receive feedback from shallow to more constructive details on their learning performance with LMS. Data sources included are employees’ goal setting (GS) performance evaluated by the experts and their posttest scores obtained from the LMS. A series of statistical analyses were performed to investigate the impact of feedback intervention on employees’ GS and their impacts on corporate training results.

Findings
GS has a significant impact on learning outcomes. Employees who set greater specific goals attained higher scores. Furthermore, feedback with more formative evaluation and constructive developmental advice resulted in the most significant positive influence on the relationship between participants’ GS and learning outcomes.

Practical implications
Organizations can benefit from delivering appropriate feedback using LMS to enhance employees’ GS and learning efficacy in corporate training.

Originality/value
This study is one of the first to examine the moderating effect of feedback provided by LMS on GS and online learning performance in corporate training. This study contributes to GS theory for practical application and proposes a viable method for remote learning. The current study’s findings can be used to provide educational psychological insights for training and learning in industrial contexts.