bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection rates and factors affecting thereof in endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma, and cervical glandular lesions on cervical smear
Authors: Ng Joanna K. M. , Cheung Bryan H. C. , Lee Dennis H. Y. , Li Joshua J. X. , Ip Philip P. C. , Lee Jacqueline H. S. , Yeung Carol S. Y. , Yu Mei‐Yung 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionEndometrial lesions are morphologically diverse and uncommon on cervical smears, with its detection rate and associated diagnostic categories uncharacterized. In this study, cervical smears matched to histologically proven endometrial hyperplasias and carcinomas were reviewed and compared with cervical in‐situ‐carcinomas/carcinomas, aiming to detail the diagnostic performance of cervical smears for upper tract and glandular lesions.MethodsPathology reports of cervical smears, hysterectomies, endometrial and cervical biopsies from 1995 to 2021 were retrieved. Diagnoses of cervical smears were matched to endometrial hyperplasias and carcinomas, or cervical carcinomas and reviewed.ResultsTotally 832 cervical smears (272 cervical carcinomas, 312 endometrial carcinomas, and 248 hyperplasias) were included. Considering all cytologic glandular diagnosis as positive, the detection rate of cervical adenocarcinoma‐in‐situ was the highest (64.3%), followed by cervical adenocarcinoma (63.8%), endometrial carcinoma (31.7%), and hyperplasia (with atypia–8.5%; without atypia–2.3%) (p < 0.001). Endometrial hyperplasia was most often diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) (5.0%) or atypical glandular cells, not otherwise specified (3.6%) without indication of endometrial origin. For endometrial carcinomas, higher FIGO grading and endocervical involvement were associated with higher detection rates across all diagnostic categories (p = 0.002–0.028). High FIGO grade was associated with suspicious/favor neoplastic (C4) (31.1%vs10.3%, p < 0.001) and carcinoma (C5) (17.8% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.005) categories, but not for all glandular diagnoses combined (33.3% vs. 31.0%, p = 0.761).ConclusionDetection rates for endometrial lesions are lower than cervical lesions but not insignificant. Endometrial hyperplasia should be recognized as a differential of human papilloma virus‐negative ASCUS and prompt consideration of investigation of the upper genital tract.
Hand‐drawn anime line drawing colorization of faces with texture details
Authors: Akita Kenta , Morimoto Yuki , Tsuruno Reiji 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAutomatic or semi‐automatic colorization can reduce the burden of illustrators in color illustration production, which is a research area with significant market demand. Texture details in eyes and hair influence the impression of character illustrations. Generally, these details are not expressed in line drawings. Many existing automatic or semi‐automatic colorization methods do not target hand‐drawn line drawings and it is difficult to paint texture details on such drawings. In this paper, we propose the semi‐automatic colorization of character line drawings around faces with texture details. Our method uses a reference image as a color hint and transfers the textures of the reference image to a line drawing. To achieve this, our method uses semantic segmentation masks to match parts of the line drawing with the same parts of the reference image. We create two types of segmentation datasets to train a segmentation network that creates segmentation masks. We transfer texture details to a hand‐drawn line drawing by mapping each part of the reference image to the corresponding part of the line drawing using segmentation masks. We show that our method is more effective for hand‐drawn line drawings than existing methods using qualitative and quantitative evaluations.
RNA‐TAG Mediated Protein‐RNA Conjugation
Authors: Tota Ember M. , Devaraj Neal K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCombinations of biological macromolecules can provide researchers with precise control and unique methods for regulating, studying, and manipulating cellular processes. For instance, combining the unmatched encodability afforded by nucleic acids with the diverse functionality of proteins has transformed our approach to solving several problems in chemical biology. Despite these benefits, there remains a need for new methods to site‐specifically generate conjugates between different classes of biomolecules. Here we present a fully enzymatic strategy for combining nucleic acids and proteins using SNAP‐tag and RNA‐TAG (transglycosylation at guanosine) technologies via a bifunctional preQ1‐benzylguanine small molecule probe. We demonstrate the robust ability of this technology to assemble site‐specific SNAP‐tag – RNA conjugates with RNAs of varying length and use our conjugation strategy to recruit an endonuclease to an RNA of interest for targeted degradation. We foresee that combining SNAP‐tag and RNA‐TAG will facilitate researchers to predictably engineer novel macromolecular complexes.
Impact of the Carbon Substrate for Gas Diffusion Electrodes on the Electroreduction of CO2 to Formate
Authors: Theußl Verena , Weinrich Henning , Heume Christine , Dzieciol Krzysztof , Schmid Bernhard , Kungl Hans , Tempel Hermann , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAiming to advance the technical maturity of CO2 electrolysis to formic acid, various gas diffusion layers (GDLs) are investigated for their suitability as carbon‐based substrate for gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) and their effect on the electroreduction of CO2 to formate. Particular attention lies on the elucidation for the effect of the GDL thickness, hydrophobic treatment, and presence of a microporous layer (MPL) on the GDE performance in terms of Faradaic efficiency. Based on the investigation it is found that the GDL thickness has no discernible influence on the Faradaic efficiency, while a GDE with a hydrophobic treatment of 10 % PTFE outperforms a GDE based on a GDL with 30 % PTFE. Furthermore, the presence of a MPL is found to be of marked importance to achieve relevant current densities given its effect on the focus of the catalyst layer on the GDE surface after spray coating, the wetting, and the electrical conductivity.
The Direct Electrochemical Detection of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Wang Yufei , Sha Zhou , Chen Yanpei , Sun Changjiang , Gu Hai‐Ying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe direct electrochemistry of hepatitis B virus containing the covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) is realized at pretreated glassy carbon electrode (PGCE). It is essential that the direct electron transfer of guanine (G) and adenine (A) on HBV cccDNA strand is captured by microwave irradiation to melt cccDNA into ssDNA. The irreversible adsorption and diffusion controlled processes of G and A are revealed by cyclic voltammetry with participating 2 protons and 2 electrons respectively. In addition, we found that there are two oxidation peaks of G and A in whole blood containing HBV. Nevertheless, there is only one oxidation peak of G in whole blood of normal people. According to this difference of oxidation peaks in whole blood sample, it can be used screen quickly HBV infection or carriers in clinic and large area of blood donors.
Stretched Central Double Bonds in Dialumene and Disilene by Amino Substituents: A Case of Lone Pair Repulsion
Authors: Zhang Huaiyu , Wang Yating , Lu Qingrui , Song Jinshuai , Duan Yandong , Zeng Yanli , Mo Yirong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere have been remarkable advances in the syntheses and applications of groups 13 and 14 homonuclear ethene analogues. However, successes are largely limited to aryl‐ and/or silyl‐substituted species. Analogues bearing two or more heteroatoms are still scarce. In this work, the block‐localized wavefunction (BLW) method at the density functional theory (DFT) level was employed to study dialumene and disilene bearing two amino substituents whose optimal geometries exhibit significantly stretched central M=M (M=Al or Si) double bonds compared with aryl‐ and/or silyl‐substituted species. Computational analyses showed that the repulsion between the lone electron pairs of amino substituents and M=M π bond plays a critical role in the elongation of the M=M bonds. Evidently, replacing the substituent groups −NH2 with −BH2 can enhance the planarity and shorten the central double bonds due to the absence of lone pair electrons in BH2.
Iron deficiency in young basketball players: Is a 100 μg/L ferritin cut‐off appropriate for iron supplementation?: Results of a randomized placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Csulak Emese , Takács Titanilla , Babis Brigitta , Horváth Laura , Márton Petra , Lakatos Bálint , Kovács Attila , Staub Levente , Szabó Liliána Erzsébet , Dohy Zsófia , Vágó Hajnalka , Merkely Béla , Sydó Nóra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency (ID) is one of the most common factors that may reduce sports performance, supplementation forms and doses are still not standardized in athletes. Our aim was to assess the iron status of young male basketball players and to study the effect of iron supplementation in a randomized placebo‐controlled study.HypothesisWe hypothesized that due to the higher iron demand of athletes, the 100 μg/L ferritin cut‐off may be appropriate to determine the non‐anemic ID.MethodsDuring a sports cardiology screening, questionnaires, laboratory tests, electrocardiograms, echocardiography exams, and cardiopulmonary exercise tests were performed. Athletes with ID (ferritin <100 μg/L) were randomized into iron and placebo groups. Ferrous sulfate (containing 100 mg elemental iron [II] and 60 mg ascorbic acid) or placebo (50 mg vitamin C) was administered for 3 months. All exams were repeated after the supplementation period.ResultsWe included 65 (age 15.8 ± 1.7 years) basketball players divided into four age groups. Non‐anemic ID was observed in 60 (92%) athletes. After supplementation, ferritin levels were higher in the iron group (75.5 ± 25.9 vs. 54.9 ± 10.4 μg/L, p < .01). Ferritin >100 μg/L level was achieved only in 15% of the athletes. There were no differences in performance between the groups (VO2 max: 53.6 ± 4.3 vs. 54.4 ± 5.7 mL/kg/min, p = .46; peak lactate: 9.1 ± 2.2 vs. 9.1 ± 2.6 mmol/L, p = .90).ConclusionsAs a result of the 3‐month iron supplementation, the ferritin levels increased; however, only a small portion of the athletes achieved the target ferritin level, while performance improvement was not detectable.
Sequential In‐Situ Growth of Layered Conjugated Polymers for Optoelectronics Under Electrochemical Control
Authors: Ismail Rimeh , Guerra Valentino L. P. , Kovaříček Petr 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLayered optoelectronic devices are manufactured using multistep procedures that require high precision in the spatial positioning of individual materials. Current technology uses costly and tedious procedures and instrumentation. In this work instead, we propose an approach which exploits the fundamental properties of the substrate to direct the growth of the next layer, here controlled by an electrochemical potential. We have electrochemically synthesized and characterized a series of polymeric materials that are most commonly used in the field. The films produced show gradient monomer ratios embedded in the polymeric film as a function of the distance from the working electrode. Under the optimized conditions, reproducible construction of simple electronic elements, e. g., rectifying diodes, is achieved. We argue that the sequential in situ method leads to gradient composition of polymer chains and the film resulting in the rectification of electric current. We discuss how this system can open new avenues in advanced optoelectronic applications, such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) or field‐effect transistors (OFETs).
Survey of target site resistance alleles conferring resistance in Poa annua
Authors: Rutland Claudia Ann , Bowling Rebecca G. , Russell Eli C. , Hall Nathan D. , Patel Jinesh , Askew Shawn D. , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V. , Brosnan James T. , Gannon Travis W. , Gonçalves Clebson , Hathcoat Daniel , McCarty Lambert B. , McCullough Patrick E. , McCurdy James D. , Patton Aaron J. , Unruh Joseph Bryan , McElroy Joseph Scott 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPoa annua L. (annual bluegrass) is a common weed in turfgrass and has been reported resistant to 12 different herbicide sites of action, with various combinations of multiple‐herbicide resistance having been identified. To quantify the extent of herbicide‐resistant P. annua, the ResistPoa Project (resistpoa.org) surveyed 1349 P. annua populations for resistance to nine sites of action and one plant growth retardant. Herein, we report results from sequencing of known target site mutations found in 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3 phosphate synthase (EPSPS), acetolactate synthase (ALS), photosystem II protein D (psbA), and 𝛼‐tubulin genes. Populations were sequenced using either capillary or amplicon sequencing (AmpSeq), depending on the complexity of the gene, and were analyzed for target‐site resistance. After additional resistance screening, a total of 389 suspected resistant populations were sequenced—131 for ALS, 83 for EPSPS, 93 for psbA, and 82 for 𝛼‐tubulin. From the resistant populations, 64 displayed resistance to multiple sites of action. After sequencing, it was determined that target‐site resistance was the common form of resistance for all sites of action outside of psbA with 65.6% of ALS populations, 73.5% of EPSPS, 39.8% of psbA, and 91.5% of 𝛼‐tubulin having presented a target‐site mutation.
An elevational gradient in floral traits and pollinator assemblages in the Neotropical species Costus guanaiensis var. tarmicus in Peru
Authors: Maguiña‐Conde Rossana , Zuñiga‐Rivas Dorali , Kay Kathleen M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDifferent populations of plant species can adapt to their local pollinators and diverge in floral traits accordingly. Floral traits are subject to pollinator‐driven natural selection to enhance plant reproductive success. Studies on temperate plant systems have shown pollinator‐driven selection results in floral trait variation along elevational gradients, but studies in tropical systems are lacking. We analyzed floral traits and pollinator assemblages in the Neotropical bee‐pollinated taxon Costus guanaiensis var. tarmicus across four sites along a steep elevational gradient in Peru. We found variations in floral traits of size, color, and reward, and in the pollinator assemblage along the elevational gradient. We examined our results considering two hypotheses, (1) local adaptation to different bee assemblages, and (2) the early stages of an evolutionary shift to a new pollinator functional group (hummingbirds). We found some evidence consistent with the adaptation of C. guanaiensis var. tarmicus to the local bee fauna along the studied elevational gradient. Corolla width across sites was associated with bee thorax width of the local most frequent pollinator. However, we could not rule out the possibility of the beginning of a bee‐to‐hummingbird pollination shift in the highest‐studied site. Our study is one of the few geographic‐scale analyses of floral trait and pollinator assemblage variation in tropical plant species. Our results broaden our understanding of plant‐pollinator interactions beyond temperate systems by showing substantial intraspecific divergence in both floral traits and pollinator assemblages across geographic space in a tropical plant species.
Utility of a Ferrocene Unit in a Cyclometallated Cp*Ir(III) Catalyst during Water Oxidation: Exploring Bimetallic Cooperativity
Authors: Gayen Firdaus Rahaman , Bora Debashree , Mallick Dibyendu , Sarbajna Abir , Ghosh Subrata , Jarugala Jayaramudu , Saha Biswajit 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFerrocene functionalized 2‐phenylpyridine iridium(III) pentamethylcyclopentadienyl complex is synthesized and probed for oxygen evolution from water. The excellent activity of this system has been rationalized by proposing a Fe(III)/Ir(IV) transient intermediate where bimetallic redox synergism between the Fe and Ir centres possibly provide an alternative pathway rather than a conventional Ir(V) based cycle.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,2‐a][1,2,4]triazine Derivatives via Cross‐1,3‐dipolar Cyclizations of Azaoxyallyl Cations with N,N′‐Cyclic Azomethine Imines
Authors: Wang Gang , Wu Jiang , Li Yi , Huang Zicheng , Zou Jing , He Zhao‐Lin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA cross‐1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of α‐halohydroxamates (in situ generated azaoxyallyl cations) with N,N′‐cyclic azomethine imines was developed. The synthetic protocol provided facile and rapid access to pyrazolo[1,2‐a][1,2,4]triazine derivatives in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities under mild metal‐free conditions.
Lateral load resistance of reinforced concrete columns with brittle details
Authors: Dameh Farah , Pantazopoulou S. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnalytical models for shear strength and deformation capacity estimation of reinforced concrete members are essential for the practical implementation of performance‐based seismic evaluation of existing structures and form a key part of current seismic assessment codes (e.g., EN 1998‐3 (2005), (2022), ASCE/SEI 41‐17). Although these models have been derived from regression or calibration of large datasets collected from experimental literature, discrepancy persists between experimental and analytical estimates, especially in cases of members with old‐type detailing. The evident uncertainty about parametric dependencies of the underlying mechanistic problem motivated the present work, where a set of benchmark columns that represent older structural detailing are studied parametrically through advanced finite element simulation. Parameters considered were, the axial load ratio, transverse reinforcement amount and spacing, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and anchorage/lap splice detailing; results were gauged in terms of the resulting drift ratio (deformation capacity) at the performance limit states and were compared with the Code estimates to evaluate their limits and conservatism. The simulation results were used to vet the assumptions that underlie the simple mechanistic models used in deriving seismic design expressions for yield and ultimate deformation capacities, shear strength, and the rate of its degradation with increasing ductility.
Catalytic Main‐Group Metal Complexes of Phosphine‐Based Pincer Ligands
Authors: Montag Michael , Milstein David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPincer ligand complexes, which appeared nearly five decades ago, have provided a valuable platform for the study of fundamental chemical processes and the development of efficient catalysts for many chemical transformations. These complexes have usually contained transition metal atoms or ions, and their respective pincer ligands have often featured phosphine donor groups, which strongly coordinate to the metal center and allow its steric and electronic properties to be fine‐tuned. The increasing need to develop cost‐effective and sustainable catalytic processes has driven the search for main‐group metals as alternatives to commonly‐used transition metals. In this review, we show that despite the inherent mismatch between phosphines, which are soft Lewis bases, and main‐group metal ions, which are hard Lewis acids, a series of well‐defined phosphine‐based pincer complexes containing Li(I), Na(I), K(I), Mg(II), Ca(II), Zn(II) and Al(III) have been reported, which have proven to be active catalysts for industrially‐relevant transformations.
Mental health in undergraduate engineering students: Identifying facilitators and barriers to seeking help
Authors: Wright Courtney J. , Wilson Sarah A. , Hammer Joseph H. , Hargis Lucy E. , Miller Melanie E. , Usher Ellen L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundEngineering students encounter high levels of stress, which may negatively impact their mental health. Nevertheless, engineering students who experience mental health distress are less likely than their peers to seek professional help, even when controlling for gender and race/ethnicity.PurposeWe examined beliefs that undergraduate engineering students have about barriers and facilitators to seeking professional help for their mental health. We also sought to identify cultural and systemic factors within and beyond engineering that might affect help‐seeking. Together, these beliefs influence students' sense of personal agency around seeking mental health care.MethodWe implemented a pragmatic qualitative design that incorporated the integrated behavioral model to investigate engineering students' (N = 33) professional mental health help‐seeking beliefs. We used thematic analysis to analyze help‐seeking beliefs and perceived barriers and facilitators that students described during interviews.ResultsWe identified four themes: Navigating the system impacts personal agency; sacrifices associated with help‐seeking act as a barrier; engineering culture acts as a barrier to help‐seeking; and student confidence in help‐seeking varies significantly. These themes portray the effect of perceived barriers and facilitators on students' personal agency for accessing mental health care. Our findings have implications for engineering departments and university counseling centers that want to minimize barriers to help‐seeking.ConclusionsEngineering stakeholders must improve access to professional help for engineering students. Implementing changes to normalize help‐seeking behaviors, enhance personal agency, and facilitate engagement with mental health resources will create better conditions for engineers. Further research is necessary to understand how other beliefs (e.g., attitudes, perceived norms) inform the relationships between student mental health, professional help seeking, and engineering culture.