bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor recall of genetics curriculum by medical students highlights barriers to use in clinical practice
Authors: Kapur Sunaina , Lichten Lauren , Ali Nadia , Garber Kathryn B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany current and upcoming healthcare providers do not feel comfortable ordering or discussing genetic tests and using genetic information in medicine. Nationally, a little over a quarter of medical students indicate that they do not feel prepared to use genetic information in clinical rotations, despite attempts at many schools to remodel the genetics curriculum. This study was conducted at Emory University School of Medicine to identify gaps within the medical curriculum that may contribute to student reports that they feel underprepared to apply genetic knowledge in clinical practice. The analysis included a comprehensive curriculum inventory of genetic content that was then compared to the responses from focus groups of randomly selected second‐ and fourth‐year medical students without a prior genetics degree or background. This joint analysis of precisely what was taught and how it was perceived by students was informative in the development of targeted interventions in our curriculum, and it highlighted the important role of genetic counselors in the education of medical students. Our curriculum has a structure similar to that at many other schools, in which core genetics concepts are concentrated in a brief segment in the first year. We believe our results will be useful for other medical schools to address the perception by medical students that they are underprepared to use genetic information and other basic sciences clinically.
Textbook outcome as a composite measure of quality in hepaticopancreatic surgery
Authors: Mohamed Abdimajid , Nicolais Laura , Fitzgerald Timothy L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTextbook outcome (TO) is a valuable metric to assess postoperative outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess TO in patients undergoing hepatopancreatic surgery.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort NSQIP study from 2015 to 2018. TOs are defined as no complication or mortality and length of stay within the 75th percentile.ResultsThis study included 44 235 patients. Of those patients, 61% underwent pancreatic surgery (PS) and 39% hepatic surgery (HS). The most common surgical procedure was pancreaticoduodenectomy (16 464), followed by partial hepatectomy (11 817), distal pancreatectomy (8292), hemihepatectomy (4247), hepatic trisegmentectomy (1366) and total pancreatectomy (706). TO was more common for HS than PS, 47% versus 40%, p < .001. TO was more common for younger (0–65, OR: 1.60; CI: 1.30–1.96, p < .001), female (OR: 1.23; CI: 1.17–1.29, p < .001), white (OR: 1.10; CI: 1.01–1.19, p = .022), and lower ASA class (OR: 2.11; CI: 1.54–2.90, p < .001) patients. For patients undergoing HS TO was more common after partial lobectomy than trisegmentectomy and lobectomy (OR: 1.36; CI: 1.18–1.57, p < .001). For those undergoing PS, there was a lower likelihood of TO for those who are obese/morbidly obese compared to normal‐weight patients (OR: 0.73; CI: 0.67–0.79, p < .001). Unlike HS, TO for patients undergoing PS was not associated with the type of surgical procedure.ConclusionsTO is a composite that can be applied to a national data set to analyze outcome quality. In HS, more complex surgical procedures are associated with a decreased likelihood of TO. In PS, TO are similar regardless of the procedure but less common in obese or morbidly obese patients.
Diagnostic accuracy of a point‐of‐care urine tenofovir assay, and associations with HIV viraemia and drug resistance among people receiving dolutegravir and efavirenz‐based antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Dorward Jienchi , Lessells Richard , Govender Katya , Moodley Pravi , Samsunder Natasha , Sookrajh Yukteshwar , Turner Phil , Butler Christopher C. , Hayward Gail , Gandhi Monica , Drain Paul K. , Garrett Nigel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionNovel point‐of‐care assays which measure urine tenofovir (TFV) concentrations may have a role in improving adherence monitoring for people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, further studies of their diagnostic accuracy, and whether results are associated with viraemia and drug resistance, are needed to guide their use, particularly in the context of the global dolutegravir rollout.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional evaluation among PLHIV receiving first‐line ART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at enrolment into a randomized trial in two South African public sector clinics. We calculated the diagnostic accuracy of the Abbott point‐of‐care immunoassay to detect urine TFV compared to liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). We evaluated the association between point‐of‐care urine TFV results and self‐reported adherence, viraemia ≥1000 copies/ml and HIV drug resistance, among people receiving either efavirenz or dolutegravir‐based ART.ResultsBetween August 2020 and March 2022, we enrolled 124 participants. The median age was 39 (IQR 34–45) years, 55% were women, 74 (59.7%) were receiving efavirenz and 50 (40.3%) dolutegravir. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassay to detect urine TFV ≥1500 ng/ml compared to LC‐MS/MS were 96.1% (95% CI 90.0−98.8) and 95.2% (75.3−100.0), respectively. Urine TFV results were associated with short (p<0.001) and medium‐term (p = 0.036) self‐reported adherence. Overall, 44/124 (35.5%) had viraemia, which was associated with undetectable TFV in those receiving efavirenz (OR 6.01, 1.27−39.0, p = 0.014) and dolutegravir (OR 25.7, 4.20−294.8, p<0.001). However, in those with viraemia while receiving efavirenz, 8/27 (29.6%) had undetectable urine TFV, compared to 11/17 (64.7%) of those receiving dolutegravir. Drug resistance was detected in 23/27 (85.2%) of those receiving efavirenz and only 1/16 (6.3%) of those receiving dolutegravir. There was no association between urine TFV results and drug resistance.ConclusionsAmong PLHIV receiving ART, a rapid urine TFV immunoassay can be used to accurately monitor urine TFV levels compared to the gold standard of LC‐MS/MS. Undetectable point‐of‐care urine TFV results were associated with viraemia, particularly among people receiving dolutegravir.Trial registrationPan‐African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR202001785886049.
Population dynamics of the threatened Oregon spotted frog before and after drought mitigation
Authors: Rowe Jennifer C. , Pearl Christopher A. , Duarte Adam , McCreary Brome , Adams Michael J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAmphibians are among the most sensitive taxa to climate change, and species inhabiting arid and semiarid landscapes at the extremes of their range are especially vulnerable to drought. The Jack Creek, Oregon, USA, population of Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) faces unique challenges because it occupies the highest elevation site in the species' extant range and one that has been transformed by loss of American beavers (Castor canadensis), which historically maintained open water. We evaluated the effects of drought mitigation (addition of excavated ponds) on relationships between local and regional water availability, inactive legacy beaver dams, and Oregon spotted frog population dynamics in the Jack Creek system. We conducted egg mass surveys and capture‐mark‐recapture sampling at a treatment reach with excavated ponds and 3 reference reaches over 13 years; surveys spanned a period before and after pond excavation at the treatment and 1 primary comparison reference reach. We analyzed data using a combination of robust design capture‐mark‐recapture estimators and generalized linear mixed models to characterize population dynamics. Adult Oregon spotted frog survival was approximately 19.5% higher at the treatment reach than the primary reference reach during the study period. Annual survival was most strongly associated with late summer vegetation greenness, a proxy for water availability, and males had higher survival than females. Among the 4 study reaches, the treatment reach consistently had higher late summer vegetation greenness, and the hydrology functioned more independently of regional precipitation patterns relative to the reference reaches; however, these dynamics were not linked to pond excavation. Breeding was concentrated in 2 legacy beaver ponds that were deepened by excavation during the study compared to an unexcavated beaver pond, 2 excavated ponds without legacy beaver dams, and 9 reference ponds. These results point to the benefit of enhancing existing beaver structures and indicate that management actions aimed at maintaining surface water for breeding in spring and saturated soils and ponded water for adults in late summer would benefit this unique population of Oregon spotted frogs in the face of drought.
Corrosion behavior of carbon steel covered with a coating film containing metallic compounds under a sulfuric acid mist environment containing chloride
Authors: Takahashi Masamitsu , Deguchi Hiroshi , Hayashi Yasunori , Kimura Akihiko , Hanaki Koushu , Tsuchiya Hiroaki , Yamashita Masato , Fujimoto Shinji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of carbon steel covered with coating films containing Al2(SO4)3, CaO, and BaO was examined under a sulfuric acid mist environment containing chloride. CaSO4･2H2O and BaSO4 were formed as the corrosion products in the coating film and prevented the penetration of corrosives, in particular BaSO4 was highly effective. Furthermore, the rust layer containing CaCO3 adhered to the carbon steel substrate suppressed the penetration of chloride. The formation of these corrosion products suppressed the anodic reaction, resulting in higher corrosion resistance of the carbon steel in the chloride‐containing acid environment.
Influence of surface treatment on metal dusting resistance of welds
Authors: Schlereth Clara , White Emma M. H. , Lepple Maren , Nowak Benedikt , Hattendorf Heike , Galetz Mathias C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWelds of the commercial Ni‐based alloys 602 CA, 699 XA, 601 and 690 were exposed under harsh metal dusting conditions. The pit formation was compared for as‐welded, brushed, ground, glass bead blasted, steel shot peened and dry cathodic pickled surfaces. Surface treatments were applied by industrial partners. When (stainless) steels were involved in the surface treatment, Fe contaminations acted as catalyst sites for pit initiation. A fast metal dusting attack was also observed on dry cathodic pickled samples. A beneficial effect was attributed to deformation of the sub‐surface zone, as it provides diffusion paths for oxide formers (by grinding and glass bead blasting). In the same region, formation of α‐Cr (BCC) precipitates was observed. The best performance was found for samples where the weld bead was fully flattened by grinding to P40 grit. In addition, it was demonstrated that on‐site slurry aluminization further enhances the resistance against metal dusting attack.
Unimodal singularities and boundary divisors in the KSBA moduli of a class of Horikawa surfaces
Authors: Gallardo Patricio , Pearlstein Gregory , Schaffler Luca , Zhang Zheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSmooth minimal surfaces of general type with , , and constitute a fundamental example in the geography of algebraic surfaces, and the 28‐dimensional moduli space of their canonical models admits a modular compactification via the minimal model program. We describe eight new irreducible boundary divisors in such compactification parameterizing reducible stable surfaces. Additionally, we study the relation with the GIT compactification of and the Hodge theory of the degenerate surfaces that the eight divisors parameterize.
Reaction monitoring via benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A practical comparison of on‐line stopped‐flow and continuous‐flow sampling methods
Authors: Maschmeyer Tristan , Russell David J. , Napolitano José G. , Hein Jason E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ability for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to provide quantitative, structurally rich information makes this spectroscopic technique an attractive reaction monitoring tool. The practicality of NMR for this type of analysis has only increased in the recent years with the influx of commercially available benchtop NMR instruments and compatible flow systems. In this study, we aim to compare 19F NMR reaction profiles acquired under both on‐line continuous‐flow and stopped‐flow sampling methods, with modern benchtop NMR instrumentation, and two reaction systems: a homogeneous imination reaction and a biphasic activation of a carboxylic acid to acyl fluoride. Reaction trends with higher data density can be acquired with on‐line continuous‐flow analyses, and this work highlights that representative reaction trends can be acquired without any correction when monitoring resonances with a shorter spin–lattice relaxation time (T1), and with the used flow conditions. On‐line stopped‐flow analyses resulted in representative reaction trends in all cases, including the monitoring of resonances with a long T1, without the need of any correction factors. The benefit of easier data analysis, however, comes with the cost of time, as the fresh reaction solution must be flowed into the NMR system, halted, and time must be provided for spins to become polarized in the instrument's external magnetic field prior to spectral measurement. Results for one of the reactions were additionally compared with the use of a high‐field NMR.
Various beam and shell models for long slender tools in the area of HSC milling
Authors: Schmidt Rico , Ams Alfons 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh‐speed‐cutting) milling is an extensively used production process in tool‐making and mold‐making industries. For the purpose of a self‐balancing tool, a hollow shaft is used and filled partially with a fluid. This talk presents different beam and shell models for the investigation of nonlinear vibrations. Therefore, different theories are compared with respect to the influence of geometrical nonlinearities, spin‐softening as well as stress‐stiffening, and also shear deformation. Additionally, a stochastic Wedig–Dimentberg approach is presented for the simulation of a spatial distributed unbalance. Starting with the nonlinear kinematics for the tool‐deformation Hamilton's principle is evaluated for the variational formulation of each model. Regarding to the shear deformation, the theories of Euler–Bernoulli and Ehrenfest–Timoshenko (beam models) as well as Kirchhoff–Love and Mindlin–Reissner (shell models) are used. In the following up, the variational formulation is discretized under usage of a global Ritz approach on the one hand, and on the other hand with a local finite element (FE) discretization. Afterward, the governing system of differential equations is solved and discussed. Different results of rotating and nonrotating tools are presented, which show the available options of each theory and also their limits. In particular, results of the eigenfrequencies including their stochastic distribution, stationary deformation, stability behavior, and various time solutions are shown.
Double U‐Net: Improved multiscale modeling via fully convolutional neural networks
Authors: Lißner Julian , Fritzen Felix 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn multiscale modeling, the response of the macroscopic material is computed by considering the behavior of the microscale at each material point. To keep the computational overhead low when simulating such high performance materials, an efficient, but also very accurate prediction of the microscopic behavior is of utmost importance. Artificial neural networks are well known for their fast and efficient evaluation. We deploy fully convolutional neural networks, with one advantage being that, compared to neural networks directly predicting the homogenized response, any quantity of interest can be recovered from the solution, for example, peak stresses relevant for material failure. We propose a novel model layout, which outperforms state‐of‐the‐art models with fewer model parameters. This is achieved through a staggered optimization scheme ensuring an accurate low‐frequency prediction. The prediction is further improved by superimposing an efficient to evaluate U‐net, which captures the remaining high‐level features.
Molecular simulation study on permeation behavior of small molecules in graphyne/polypyrrole mixed matrix membrane
Authors: Luo Min , Qiao Yalan , Wang Yihan , Yin Qinjian , Zhou Ge 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe research on the permeation behavior of small molecules in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) is an important part of the research of MMMs. Graphyne, a new two‐dimensional carbon material, was used as the filler, and polypyrrole was used as polymer matrix to construct a MMM. In order to clarify the permeation behavior of common small molecules in MMM at room temperature and constant pressure, the adsorption and diffusion properties of H2O, CO2, and O2 in graphyne/polypyrrole MMM were investigated by combining the Giant Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamics (MD). The results show that: (1) the order of adsorption capacity of the three molecules is H2O > CO2 > O2; (2) the diffusion ability of the three molecules is influenced by the doping content of graphyne. Oxygen diffusion and permeation in MMMs are optimal when the graphyne filling level is 15%. The filling of graphyne affects the permeation of gases. It will shed light on application areas such as coating membranes for electronics in special environments, gas separation membranes, and gas sensor membranes.Highlights
A new two‐dimensional carbon nano filler—graphyne was used.
A simulation method using a combination of GCMC and MD.
The diffusion and permeation behaviors are analyzed from multiple perspectives.
The permeation behavior conforms to the solution‐diffusion theory.
The graphyne‐filled MMM is conducive to oxygen molecular diffusion.
Anetodermic Pilomatrixomas: A Case Series
Authors: Vetsiou Evangelia , Gass Julia , Khoo Andre , McDonald Sarah , Stefanos Niki , Rytina Ed , Burrows Nigel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pilomatrixoma is a benign hair follicle tumour. Anetodermic changes overlying pilomatrixoma are rare. The aim of this study is to evaluate a case series of patients with a clinical diagnosis of anetodermic pilomatrixoma presenting to our Dermatology Department over a 5-year period. Eight cases were identified. The median age of onset was 21 years. All cases presented on the upper limbs and trunk with a solitary rapidly evolving tumour, tender on palpation. They had an erythematous protuberant appearance with a wrinkled and atrophic surface. Underlying pilomatrixomas were firm measuring 1–5 cm. Simple excision was carried out in seven cases without postoperative complications. In conclusion, anetodermic pilomatrixoma is a rare variant of this tumour, occurring more frequently on the upper body. It presents with identifiable features and should be differentiated from other skin tumours. Surgical removal is usually the gold standard treatment.
Antifungal Properties of Nanosilver Clay Composites Against Fungal Pathogens of Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Ramakutoane Tebogo Levy , Roux‐van der Merwe Magaretha Petronella , Badenhorst Jacqueline , Kesavan Pillai Sreejarani , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the possible control of selected pathogenic and competitive fungi of A. bisporus by three nanosilver clay composites and establish the effective concentrations of the composites for inhibiting pathogens. Nanosilver (AgNPs) clay (zeolite, montmorillonite, and palygorskite) composites were synthesized by a microwave‐assisted surface functionalization technique, and various techniques characterized the products. Zeolite and montmorillonite composites showed uniformly distributed spherical AgNPs with an average size of 3.33 nm and 2.85 nm, respectively, whereas palygorskite presented agglomerated and unevenly distributed AgNPs. The influence of the various composites on 9 fungi, including strains of T. aggressivum f. aggressivum, L. fungicola, C. dendroides, and Mycogone sp., was determined in vitro at different concentrations. At 10 mg/mL, AgNP‐zeolite and AgNP‐montmorillonite inhibited 8 out of 9 pathogens, while AgNP‐palygorskite only inhibited 1 pathogen. The nanosilver clay composites tested against A. bisporus revealed no adverse effects on mycelial growth at any concentrations tested. This study confirms that AgNP‐zeolite and AgNP‐montmorillonite composites have effective antifungal properties and can be used as alternative fungicides against mushroom pathogens without affecting A. bisporus growth. However, further investigation is required to unravel the mechanism of selective antifungal activity observed in this study.
Total Synthesis of Aporphine Alkaloids via Benzyne Chemistry: Progress Towards a Late‐Stage Enantioselective Hydrogenation and Neuroprotective Activity Evaluations
Authors: Cipriano da Silva Tamiris Reissa , Oliveira Rafaela Brito , Nicastro Arthur Luiz Miranda , Ureshino Rodrigo Portes , Raminelli Cristiano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA dehydroaporphine intermediate obtained via benzyne chemistry was used to accomplish the enantioselective total synthesis of (S)‐nuciferine, the first total synthesis of (±)‐urabaine, and our second‐generation total synthesis of lysicamine. (S)‐Nuciferine was obtained by an unprecedented late‐stage asymmetric hydrogenation employing a chiral iridium(I) catalyst. The first total synthesis of (±)‐urabaine and the second‐generation total synthesis of lysicamine, which exhibited low cytotoxicity and neuroprotective activity, were completed by oxidation reactions in 7 and 6 steps, respectively.
Unprecedented Multifunctionality in Novel Monophase Micro/Nanostructured Ti‐Zn Alloy
Authors: Vikraman Hajeesh Kumar , George Jeena , Reji Rence P. , Kuppuswamy Guru Prasad , Sutar Sanjay. D. , Swami Anita , Ramamoorthy Sharmiladevi , Sundaramurthy Anandhakumar , Pramanik Sumit , Velappa Jayaraman Surya , Perumal Suresh , Sivalingam Yuvaraj , Mangalampalli S. R. N. Kiran 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is always challenging to integrate multiple functions into one material system. However, those materials/devices will address society's critical global challenges and technological demands if achieved with innovative design strategies and engineering. Here, one such material with a broader spectrum of desired properties appropriate for seven applications is identified and explored, and a glucose‐sensing‐triggered energy‐storage mechanism is demonstrated. To date, the Titanium (Ti)‐Zinc (Zn) binary alloys are investigated only as mixed phases and for a maximum of three applications. In contrast, the novel single phase of structurally stable 50 Ti‐50 Zn (Ti0.5Zn0.5) is synthesized and proven suitable for seven emerging applications. Interestingly, it is thermally stable up to 750 °C and possesses excellent mechanical, tribological properties and corrosion resistance. While exceptional biocompatibility is evident even up to a concentration of 500 µg mL−1, the antibacterial activity against E. coli is also seen. Further, rapid detection and superior selectivity for glucose, along with supercabattery behavior, unambiguously demonstrate that this novel monophase is a remarkable multifunctional material than the existing mixed‐phase Ti‐Zn compounds. The coin‐cell supercapacitor shows outstanding stability up to 30 000 cycles with >100% retention capacity. This allows us to prototype a glucose‐sensing‐triggered energy‐storage‐device system for wearable point‐of‐care diagnostic applications.