bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amplified seasonal range in precipitation minus evaporation
Authors: Allan Richard P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Climate warming is intensifying the global water cycle, including the rate of fresh water flux between the atmosphere and the surface, determined by precipitation minus evaporation (P−E). Surpluses or deficits of fresh water impact societies and ecosystems, so it is important to monitor and understand how and why P−E patterns and their seasonal range are changing across the globe. Here, annual maximum and minimum P−E and their changes are diagnosed globally over land and ocean using observation-based datasets and CMIP6 climate model experiments covering 1950–2100. Seasonal minimum P−E is negative across much of the globe, apart from the Arctic, mid-latitude oceans and the tropical warm pool. In the global mean, P−E maximum increases and P−E minimum decreases by around 3%–4% per ∘C of global warming from 1995–2014 to 2080–2100 in the ensemble mean of an intermediate greenhouse gas emission scenario. Over land, there is less coherence across the 1960–2020 datasets, but an increase in the seasonal range in P−E emerges in future projections. Patterns of future changes in annual maximum and minimum P−E are qualitatively similar to present day trends with increases in maximum P−E in the equatorial belt and high-latitude regions and decreases in the subtropical subsidence zones. This adds confidence to future projections of a more variable and extreme water cycle but also highlights uncertainties in this response over land.
Unbalanced gain and loss in a quantum photonic system
Authors: Downing Charles Andrew , Reuben Fox Oliver Isaac 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Theories in physics can provide a kind of map of the physical system under investigation, showing all of the possible types of behavior which may occur. Certain points on the map are of greater significance than others, because they describe how the system responds in a useful or interesting manner. For example, the point of resonance is of particular importance when timing the pushes onto a person sat on a swing. More sophisticatedly, so-called exceptional points have been shown to be significant in optical systems harbouring both gain and loss, as typically described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. However, expressly quantum points of interest—be they exceptional points or otherwise—arising in quantum photonic systems have been far less studied. Here we consider a paradigmatic model: a pair of coupled qubits subjected to an unbalanced ratio of gain and loss. We mark on its map several flavours of both exceptional and critical points, each of which are associated with unconventional physical responses. In particular, we uncover the points responsible for characteristic spectral features and for the sudden loss of quantum entanglement in the steady state. Our results provide perspectives for characterizing quantum photonic systems beyond effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, and suggest a hierarchy of intrinsically quantum points of interest.
Seven dirty tricks to disrupt an arbitration and the responses of international arbitration law
Authors: Gaillard Emmanuel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Disruptions to arbitral proceedings are a well-known phenomenon. At the same time, obstructive behavior is not encountered in every arbitration and most parties will behave in an orderly manner during the course of the arbitration. This, however, does not mean that incidents at the margins of the system of international arbitration should be ignored. If they are not dealt with appropriately, they can spread and infect the entire system. The article focuses on the methodologies available to arbitrators or national courts confronted with tactics developed by litigants in an attempt to disrupt an arbitration to which they had previously consented, and examines seven such attempts as they have developed in the history of international arbitration, together with the responses developed by international arbitration law.
The Mandatory German Breast Implant Registry Law: A Model for Sustainable Implant Registries
Authors: von Fritschen Uwe , Rakhorst Hinne A , Stark Birgit , Ahern Susannah , Prantl Lukas , Fricke Alba 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Recurrent scandals involving breast implants have revealed that scientific evidence on the performance of these devices is lacking, and passive monitoring systems are not capable of detecting problems at an early stage. The German health authorities therefore decided to implement a prospective, mandatory registry.

Objectives
The aim of this article was to provide information about the advantages of implementing a mandatory registry, the potential hurdles involved, and to establish structural requirements that future registries can use.

Methods
Since 2018, the authors have assisted the German Ministry of Health in refining the Implant Law and its implementation. They adapted an internationally consented dataset, promoted international data amplification and conducted monthly trial inputs for over 2 years. By identifying several key issues they were able to assist in developing solutions.

Results
The cooperation with the authorities was characterized by appreciation of the authors’ expertise and previous international work. Challenges included data privacy issues, federal competence, longitudinal follow-up, and contact data; as well as associated costs and technical solutions for data inclusion and the use of information technology to communicate with stakeholders. Addressing these challenges required considerable interference with personal rights and complementary measures for all stakeholders. Extensive structural precautions were taken to safeguard personal data privacy as far as possible.

Conclusions
The authors’ experience and lessons learned can guide registries seeking to engage in high levels of evidence data. The authors describe their approach, the obstacles they encountered, and the strategies employed to overcome the setbacks of other registries.
Atypical tracheid organization in proximal wood of late Palaeozoic Sigillaria approximata Fontaine et White (Lycopsida)
Authors: D’Antonio Michael P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It is thought that arborescent lycopsid cambial expansion kept pace with radial wood growth via tangential broadening of the fusiform initials, resulting in progressive outward expansion in tracheid diameters and an absence of de novo tracheid files. This pattern appears in distal lycopsid axes but has not been investigated in proximal-most trunk vasculature where wood was thickest and primary xylem thinnest. Here, a ground-level trunk vasculature fossil of Sigillaria approximata in transverse section is described. This proximal vasculature diverges from the expectations of the current lycopsid wood production model in two main ways: first, inner and outer wood tracheids have approximately the same lumen diameters, such that there is no trend towards centrifugally increasing lumen diameters; and second, de novo cell files commonly appear within the wood. The outwards rate of cambial circumference expansion closely tracks the outwards rate of new wood tracheid file appearance, suggesting that the addition of new files is the primary way the cambium expanded proximally. Because this vasculature can only be studied in transverse section, the developmental mode producing new files cannot be determined. However, evidence from this specimen is sufficient to demonstrate that arborescent lycopsid wood production was more complex than previously understood.
Understanding Health Worker and Community Antibiotic Prescription-Adherence Practices for Acute Febrile Illness: A Nested Qualitative Study in the Shai-Osudoku District of Ghana and the Development of a Training-and-Communication Intervention
Authors: Kukula Vida Ami , Odopey Selase , Arthur Emmanuel , Odonkor Gabriel , Awini Elizabeth , Adjei Alexander , Salami Olawale , Nkeramahame Juvenal , Horgan Philip , Olliaro Piero , Williams John , Baiden Rita 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The aim was to explore behavioral factors relating to the prescription and communication of prescription-adherence messages for patients with acute febrile illness, from which to develop a training-and-communication (T&C) intervention to be delivered as part of a clinical trial.

Methods
The study undertook a content analysis of primary, qualitative data collection using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, informed by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation (COM-B) theory of behavior, the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), and Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) approach, in health facilities (39 health workers) and communities (66 community members) in the Shai-Osudoku District of Ghana.

Results
Health workers perceive that prescribers' and dispensers' communication with patients is influenced by the following factors: patient’s educational level, existing disease conditions, health worker's workload, patient's religion, language barrier between health worker and patient, outcome of laboratory results, and medicine availability. Community members’ adherence to prescription was influenced by the availability of money and affordability of medicine (outside of provision by the national health insurance scheme), the severity of the condition, work schedule, and forgetfulness.

Conclusions
Our study contributes to knowledge on nesting qualitative methods in a clinical trial and reveals factors that affect the antibiotic prescription communication process. Tailored messages for patient-specific needs can shape antibiotic prescription adherence behavior and ultimately contribute to decreasing the incidence of antibiotic resistance.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 but not copeptin is independently associated with kidney failure and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Michon-Colin Arthur , Metzger Marie , Bankir Lise , Gauci Cédric , Brunel Mélanie , Baron Stéphanie , Prot-Bertoye Caroline , Stengel Bénédicte , Thervet Eric , Haymann Jean-Philippe , Boffa Jean-Jacques , Vrtovsnik François , Flamant Martin , Houillier Pascal , Prie Dominique , Courbebaisse Marie ,   for the NephroTest Study Group, Flamant Martin , Houillier Pascal , Haymann Jean Philippe , Boffa Jean-Jacques , Thervet Eric , Vrtovsnik François , Stengel Benedicte , Vrtovsnik François , Daugas Eric , Flamant Martin , Vidal-Petiot Emmanuelle , Tabibzadeh Nahid , Jacquot Christian , Karras Alexandre , Roueff Stéphane , Thervet Eric , Houillier Pascal , Courbebaisse Marie , Bertocchio Jean-Philippe , Prot-Bretoye Caroline , Boffa Jean-Jacques , Ronco Pierre , Fessi H , Rondeau Eric , Letavernier Emmanuel , Haymann Jean-Philippe , Metzger Marie , Urena-Torres Pablo 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Copeptin and intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23) increase early during chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may be predictive of unfavourable outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate their respective associations with renal and vital outcomes in CKD patients.

Methods
We included CKD patients from the NephroTest cohort with concomitant measurements of plasma copeptin and iFGF23 concentrations and isotopic glomerular filtration rate measurement (mGFR). The primary endpoint was a composite outcome including kidney failure (KF) (dialysis initiation, pre-emptive transplantation or a 57% decrease of mGFR, corresponding to doubling of serum creatinine) or death before KF. Hazard ratios (HRs) of the primary endpoint associated with log-transformed copeptin and iFGF23 concentrations were estimated by Cox models. The slope of mGFR over time was analysed using a linear mixed model.

Results
A total of 329 CKD patients (243 men, mean age 60.3 ± 14.6 years) were included. Among them, 301 with an mGFR &gt;15 ml/min/1.73 m2 were included in survival and mGFR slope analyses. During a median follow-up of 4.61 years (quartile 1–quartile 3: 3.72–6.07), 61 KFs and 32 deaths occurred. Baseline iFGF23 concentrations were associated with the composite outcome after multiple adjustments {HR 2.72 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85–3.99]}, whereas copeptin concentrations were not [HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.74–1.39)]. Neither copeptin nor iFGF23 were associated with mGFR slope over time.

Conclusion
Our study shows for the first time in population of CKD patients an independent association between iFGF23 and unfavourable renal and vital outcomes and shows no such association regarding copeptin, encouraging the integration of iFGF23 measurement into the follow-up of CKD.
Global constructive work is associated with ventricular arrhythmias after cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Saffi Hillah , Winsløw Ulrik , Sakthivel Tharsika , Højgaard Emma Vinther , Linde Jesper , Philbert Berit , Vinther Michael , Jøns Christian , Bundgaard Henning , Risum Niels 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Non-invasive left ventricular (LV) pressure–strain loops provide a novel method for quantifying myocardial work by incorporating LV pressure in measurements of myocardial deformation. Early studies suggest that myocardial work parameters such as global constructive work (GCW) could be useful and reliable in arrhythmia prediction, particularly in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the magnitude of GCW was associated with the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients after CRT.

Methods and results
Patients on guideline-recommended treatment with a CRT defibrillator (CRT-D) were evaluated by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography including measurements of GCW at least 6 months after implantation. The primary outcome was a composite of appropriate defibrillator therapy and sustained ventricular arrhythmia under the monitor zone. A total of 162 patients [mean age 66 years (±10), 122 males (75%)] were included. Sixteen (10%) patients experienced the primary outcome during a median follow-up of 18 months (interquartile range: 12–25) after the performance of index echocardiography. Patients with a below-median GCW (&lt;1473 mmHg%) had a hazard ratio (HR) for the outcome of 8.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.83–36.08], P = 0.006 compared with patients above the median in a univariate model and remained an independent predictor after multivariate adjustment for the estimated glomerular filtration rate and QRS duration [HR 4.75 (95% CI: 1.01–22.28), P &lt; 0.05].

Conclusion
In patients treated with CRT-D, a GCW below median level was associated with a five-fold increase in the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
Don’t judge a book by its cover: a case report of apolipoprotein A-IV cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Basel Allaw Mohammed , Sinha Arjun , Ghafourian Kambiz , Avery Ryan , Weinberg Richard L , Lomasney Jon W , Shah Sanjiv J , Patel Ravi B 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
To date, at least 20 different amyloidogenic proteins have been documented. Growing evidence suggests that despite being part of the universal amyloid proteome, apolipoprotein A-IV can be amyloidogenic, accounting for less than 1% of cases.

Case summary
A 75-year-old woman was admitted for paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea and intermittent exertional shortness of breath and was found to be in acute heart failure. The patient underwent intravenous diuretic therapy and was discharged after decongestion. She then underwent a battery of outpatient tests to determine aetiology of her heart failure. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed severe concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and diffuse late gadolinium enhancement, concerning for amyloidosis, but serologic evaluation for amyloidogenic light chain (AL) amyloidosis was negative. Tc 99m pyrophosphate (PYP) scan showed Grade 2 uptake at 1 h that was only moderately suggestive of transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis. She ultimately received a right heart catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy, which showed apolipoprotein A-IV amyloid deposition within Congo red-positive areas of the endomyocardial specimen. The patient continues to report dyspnoea on exertion but has avoided additional heart failure admissions with intensification of her diuretic regimen.

Discussion
In this case, nuclear PYP scan to evaluate for TTR amyloidosis demonstrated focal PYP uptake, but endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated apolipoprotein A-IV deposition without evidence of TTR amyloidosis. Our case increases knowledge of this rare form of amyloidosis, suggests that it may result in false positive nuclear PYP results, and highlights the importance of its evaluation, particularly in circumstances in which investigations do not reveal definitive evidence of AL or TTR amyloidosis.
Production of Rhizopus oryzae lipase using optimized Yarrowia lipolytica expression system
Authors: Vidal Lea , Dong Zehui , Olofsson Kim , Nordberg Karlsson Eva , Nicaud Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is an alternative yeast for heterologous protein production. Based on auto-cloning vectors, a set of 18 chromogenic cloning vectors was developed, each containing one of the excisable auxotrophic selective markers URA3ex, LYS5ex, and LEU2ex, and one of six different promoters: the constitutive pTEF, the phase dependent hybrid pHp4d, and the erythritol-inducible promoters from pEYK1 and pEYL1 derivatives. These vectors allowed to increase the speed of cloning of the gene of interest. In parallel, an improved new rProt recipient strain JMY8647 was developed by abolishing filamentation and introducing an auxotrophy for lysine (Lys−), providing an additional marker for genetic engineering. Using this cloning strategy, the optimal targeting sequence for Rhizopus oryzae ROL lipase secretion was determined. Among the eight targeting sequences, the SP6 signal sequence resulted in a 23% improvement in the lipase activity compared to that obtained with the wild-type ROL signal sequence. Higher specific lipase activities were obtained using hybrid erythritol-inducible promoters pHU8EYK and pEYL1-5AB, 1.9 and 2.2 times, respectively, when compared with the constitutive pTEF promoter. Two copy strains produce a 3.3 fold increase in lipase activity over the pTEF monocopy strain (266.7 versus 79.7 mU/mg).
MuLan-Methyl—multiple transformer-based language models for accurate DNA methylation prediction
Authors: Zeng Wenhuan , Gautam Anupam , Huson Daniel H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Transformer-based language models are successfully used to address massive text-related tasks. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism, and its analysis provides valuable insights into gene regulation and biomarker identification. Several deep learning–based methods have been proposed to identify DNA methylation, and each seeks to strike a balance between computational effort and accuracy. Here, we introduce MuLan-Methyl, a deep learning framework for predicting DNA methylation sites, which is based on 5 popular transformer-based language models. The framework identifies methylation sites for 3 different types of DNA methylation: N6-adenine, N4-cytosine, and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Each of the employed language models is adapted to the task using the “pretrain and fine-tune” paradigm. Pretraining is performed on a custom corpus of DNA fragments and taxonomy lineages using self-supervised learning. Fine-tuning aims at predicting the DNA methylation status of each type. The 5 models are used to collectively predict the DNA methylation status. We report excellent performance of MuLan-Methyl on a benchmark dataset. Moreover, we argue that the model captures characteristic differences between different species that are relevant for methylation. This work demonstrates that language models can be successfully adapted to applications in biological sequence analysis and that joint utilization of different language models improves model performance. Mulan-Methyl is open source, and we provide a web server that implements the approach.
Identification of sex chromosomes and primary sex ratio in the small hive beetle, a worldwide parasite of honey bees
Authors: Huang Qiang , Sim Sheina B , Geib Scott M , Childers Anna , Liu Junfeng , Wei Xiuxiu , Han Wensu , Posada-Florez Francisco , Xue Allen Z , Li Zheng , Evans Jay D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida, has emerged as a worldwide threat to honey bees in the past two decades. These beetles harvest nest resources, feed on larval bees, and ultimately spoil nest resources with gelatinous slime together with the fungal symbiont Kodamaea ohmeri.

Results
Here, we present the first chromosome-level genome assembly for the SHB. With a 99.1% representation of conserved (BUSCO) arthropod genes, this resource enables the study of chemosensory, digestive, and detoxification traits critical for SHB success and possible control. We use this annotated assembly to characterize features of SHB sex chromosomes and a female-skewed primary sex ratio. We also found chromosome fusion and a lower recombination rate in sex chromosomes than in autosomes.

Conclusions
Genome-enabled insights will clarify the traits that allowed this beetle to exploit hive resources successfully and will be critical for determining the causes of observed sex ratio asymmetries.
Association of Neurofilament Light Chain With the Antidepressant Effects of Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion Among Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Lin Wei-Chen , Su Tung-Ping , Li Cheng-Ta , Wu Hui-Ju , Bai Ya-Mei , Liu Yu-Li , Tu Pei-Chi , Chen Mu-Hong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The role of neurofilament light chain (NFL) in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is unclear. Whether baseline NFL concentrations are associated with the antidepressant effects of low-dose ketamine infusion has not been determined.

Methods
The NFL concentrations of 71 patients with TRD and 17 healthy controls were assessed. Patients with TRD were randomly administered a single infusion of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine, 0.2 mg/kg ketamine, or normal saline. Depressive symptoms were assessed before infusion and sequentially at postinfusion timepoints (after 240 minutes and after 2–7 and 14 days) using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).

Results
After adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, patients with TRD were more likely to have higher concentrations of NFL than healthy controls (P &lt; .001). A generalized estimating equation model with adjustments for infusion group, age, sex, body mass index, and baseline HDRS scores showed that baseline NFL concentrations were positively associated with subsequent HDRS scores following low-dose ketamine infusion (P = .038).

Discussion
Higher concentrations of NFL were observed among patients with TRD compared with healthy controls. Baseline NFL concentrations may predict the antidepressant effects of low-dose ketamine infusion.
Hiding in Plain Sight: Victim Participation in the Search for Disappeared Persons, a Contribution to (Procedural) Justice
Authors: Jones Briony , Ott Lisa , Rauschenbach Mina , Sanchez Camilo 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Enforced disappearance is a human rights violation and crime widely used in repression and armed conflict contexts. The families of the forcibly disappeared are left in a state of ambiguous loss as they search for the disappeared to satisfy their right to truth and achieve healing and closure. However, there is limited knowledge of the obstacles that hinder the search in practice and of how families can best be supported when mobilizing in search processes. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, using insights from procedural justice research and qualitative interviews undertaken with families and other actors involved in supporting search processes in Colombia and El Salvador, we enhance and expand the scholarship that acknowledges the importance of victim participation and victims as key justice stakeholders.