bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to intimate partner violence alters longitudinal associations between caregiver depressive symptoms and effortful control in children and adolescents
Authors: Clark Hannah M. , Hankin Benjamin L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdaptation to intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure involves alterations in transdiagnostic processes including effortful control (EC), and yet little attention has been given to the ways such processes interact with family-level factors, such as caregivers’ psychopathology. This study used latent change score modeling to compare trajectories of EC and caregivers’ depressive (CD) symptoms between children and adolescents (N = 365) ages 7–17 who had witnessed IPV (IPV+; 45.3%) and those who had not (IPV−) across 3 years. Findings suggested that IPV exposure moderated relationships between EC and CD. CD was higher and EC was lower for IPV+ relative to IPV− participants, although there was significant variation around mean-level CD and EC in both groups. CD and EC were only linked for IPV+ participants, where higher baseline CD was associated with lower EC that lagged behind IPV− participants’ EC across the 3 years of the study. Rates of change for CD significantly varied for the IPV+ group only, indicating that individual difference factors interacted with IPV exposure to influence changes in CD. These findings inform literature on transdiagnostic adaptation processes and point to the potential utility of interventions to reduce IPV and CD in supporting EC in children and adolescents across contexts.
The effect of CT reconstruction filter selection on Hounsfield units in radiotherapy treatment planning
Authors: Nhila Oussama , Talbi Mohammed , El Mansouri M’hamed , Youssoufi Moulay Ali , Erraoudi Morad , Chakir El Mahjoub , Azougagh Mohamed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
This work aims to evaluate the effect of Hitachi 16-slice scanner reconstruction filters on Hounsfield unit (HU) variations. In the literature, there is a lack of information from a wide variety of scanners in this regard. In addition, not all studies have investigated the effect of reconstruction filters on HU in an exhaustive way.

Methods:
The computerised imaging reference system electron density phantom (model 062M) was scanned with different substitute materials of different density from Hitachi 16-slice computed tomography. The raw images were obtained with four tube voltage settings: 80 kVp, 100 kVp, 120 kVp and 140 kVp. The raw images for each energy level were then reconstructed using different reconstruction filters.

Results:
The HU values of dense bone were significantly different when changing the reconstruction filters without beam hardening correction (BHC). Nevertheless, when selecting the BHC, this variation decreases heavily for 80 kVp and decreases slightly for 140 kVp, but it remains outside the tolerance of ±50 HU. However, for 100 kVp and 120 kVp, the differences in HU values become within the tolerances indicated for dense bone.

Conclusions:
Changing image reconstruction filters during a dosimetric scan had a significant effect on HU in dense bone. Therefore, it is recommended to evaluate this effect during the commissioning phase. As a result, this study provides a methodology to comprehensively investigate the effect of reconstruction filters on HU.
Sensitivity of Nocturnal Warm Sector Rainfall Simulation to the Configuration of Initial and Lateral Boundary Conditions: A Case Study in Southern China Based on the Operational TRAMS Model
Authors: Xu D. S. , Chen H. W. , Leung J. C. , Huang H. , Zhang B. L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA heavy nocturnal warm sector rainfall occurred over the western coastal region of South China in June 2020, of which the precipitation magnitude was seriously underestimated by the operational TRAMS (Tropical Regional Atmosphere Model System) model. In this study, by improving the configuration of initial conditions (ICs) and lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) in offline nesting, the simulation of the convection initiation (CI) process can be well improved. The CI simulation is found to be sensitive to the vertical resolution in ICs in this case. When the low‐level vertical resolution of ICs is increased, the nocturnal near‐surface cold layer caused by inland mountains can be resolved better, which is necessary to form the convergence line along the coastline. Another important impact of increasing the vertical resolution of ICs is the successful simulation of horizontal convective rolls (HCRs) over the northern South China Sea. The HCRs apparently increase the depth of the warm‐moist marine boundary layer jet (MBLJ), and finally lead to the CI along the coastline. The increased vertical resolutions of LBCs can reduce the discontinuity of simulated moist tongue across the southern lateral boundary of the TRAMS model, which provides more moisture for the warm sector rainfall through MBLJ. LBCs with Higher temporal frequency help to alleviate the western position bias of rain belt by reducing the temporal interpolation error. Our study highlights the importance of finer ICs and LBCs in offline nesting for regional operational NWP systems in the South China region.
Longitudinal, Latitudinal, and Local Time Variations of the 14.5‐Day Periodic Oscillation in the Ionosphere During 2014–2015 SSW
Authors: Tang Qiong , Li Jinze , Zhou Chen , Du Zhitao , Sun Haiyang , Liu Yi , Yu Zhibin , Zhao Zhengyu , Feng Xueshang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBased on global total electron content (TEC) maps from the International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Service (IGS), the ionospheric perturbations during the 2014–2015 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event were investigated. The analyses revealed both phase‐shifted semidiurnal perturbations and 14.5‐day periodic signal with zonal wavenumber 0 in the IGS TEC, indicating an enhanced lunar tidal impact on the ionosphere during the 2014–2015 SSW period. The 14.5‐day periodic oscillation in the IGS TEC presents an obvious latitudinal variation, with the maximum appearing in Equatorial Ionization Anomaly crest regions, which is due to the modulation of the equatorial ionospheric fountain effect by wind perturbations modulated by the lunar tide. Additionally, the 14.5‐day periodic oscillation presents a longitudinal pattern with three peaks in the northern hemisphere and four peaks in the southern hemisphere. Local time dependence of the 14.5‐day periodic perturbation is also significant.
Etiopathogenic role of ERK5 signaling in sarcoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications
Authors: Sánchez-Fdez Adrián , Matilla-Almazán Sofía , Del Carmen Sofía , Abad Mar , Arconada-Luque Elena , Jiménez-Suárez Jaime , Chinchilla-Tábora Luis Miguel , Ruíz-Hidalgo Mª José , Sánchez-Prieto Ricardo , Pandiella Atanasio , Esparís-Ogando Azucena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSarcomas constitute a heterogeneous group of rare and difficult-to-treat tumors that can affect people of all ages, representing one of the most common forms of cancer in childhood and adolescence. Little is known about the molecular entities involved in sarcomagenesis. Therefore, the identification of processes that lead to the development of the disease may uncover novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, we show that the MEK5/ERK5 signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sarcomas. By developing a mouse model engineered to express a constitutively active form of MEK5, we demonstrate that the exclusive activation of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway can promote sarcomagenesis. Histopathological analyses identified these tumors as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas. Bioinformatic studies revealed that sarcomas are the tumors in which ERK5 is most frequently amplified and overexpressed. Moreover, analysis of the impact of ERK5 protein expression on overall survival in patients diagnosed with different sarcoma types in our local hospital showed a 5-fold decrease in median survival in patients with elevated ERK5 expression compared with those with low expression. Pharmacological and genetic studies revealed that targeting the MEK5/ERK5 pathway drastically affects the proliferation of human sarcoma cells and tumor growth. Interestingly, sarcoma cells with knockout of ERK5 or MEK5 were unable to form tumors when engrafted into mice. Taken together, our results reveal a role of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway in sarcomagenesis and open a new scenario to be considered in the treatment of patients with sarcoma in which the ERK5 pathway is pathophysiologically involved.
T cells in health and disease
Authors: Sun Lina , Su Yanhong , Jiao Anjun , Wang Xin , Zhang Baojun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractT cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic effector and memory cells, mediating direct killing, diverse immune regulatory function, and long-term protection. In response to acute and chronic infections and tumors, T cells adopt distinct differentiation trajectories and develop into a range of heterogeneous populations with various phenotype, differentiation potential, and functionality under precise and elaborate regulations of transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Abnormal T-cell immunity can initiate and promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of T cell development, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell classification, and differentiation in physiological settings. We further elaborate the heterogeneity, differentiation, functionality, and regulation network of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in infectious disease, chronic infection and tumor, and autoimmune disease, highlighting the exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation trajectory, CD4+ T cell helper function, T cell contributions to immunotherapy and autoimmune pathogenesis. We also discuss the development and function of γδ T cells in tissue surveillance, infection, and tumor immunity. Finally, we summarized current T-cell-based immunotherapies in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on their clinical applications. A better understanding of T cell immunity provides insight into developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
Reorganization of seagrass communities in a changing climate
Authors: Daru Barnabas H. , Rock Brianna M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough climate change projections indicate significant threats to terrestrial biodiversity, the effects are much more profound and striking in the marine environment. Here we explore how different facets of locally distinctive α- and β-diversity (changes in spatial composition) of seagrasses will respond to future climate change scenarios across the globe and compare their coverage with the existing network of marine protected areas. By using species distribution modelling and a dated phylogeny, we predict widespread reductions in species’ range sizes that will result in increases in seagrass weighted and phylogenetic endemism. These projected increases of endemism will result in divergent shifts in the spatial composition of β-diversity leading to differentiation in some areas and the homogenization of seagrass communities in other regions. Regardless of the climate scenario, the potential hotspots of these projected shifts in seagrass α- and β-diversity are predicted to occur outside the current network of marine protected areas, providing new priority areas for future conservation planning that incorporate seagrasses. Our findings report responses of species to future climate for a group that is currently under represented in climate change assessments yet crucial in maintaining marine food chains and providing habitat for a wide range of marine biodiversity.
Ground magnetic survey on Mars from the Zhurong rover
Authors: Du Aimin , Ge Yasong , Wang Huapei , Li Haiying , Zhang Ying , Luo Hao , Huang Can , Shan Lican , Han Fei , Liu Yang , Zou Yongliao , Wang Chi , Pan Yongxin , Liu Qingsong , Mitchell Ross N. , Jia Yang , Chen Baichao , Jin Shengyi , Jiang Yi , Zhang Tielong , Zhu Rixiang , Gubbins David , Zhang Keke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMars’ magnetic field has been measured at large scale by orbiting spacecraft and at very small scale via Martian meteorites. Here we report on a ground magnetic survey on metre to kilometre scales. The Zhurong rover made vector measurements at 16 sites along a 1,089 m track in the Utopia Basin on Mars. It recorded an extremely weak magnetic field, with an order of the average intensity less than that inferred from orbit, in contrast to the large magnetic field in Elysium Planitia measured by InSight. A spacecraft measurement samples an area with radius comparable to its altitude, while a ground measurement samples an area with radius comparable to the depth of the magnetized body. The weak magnetic field measured by Zhurong indicates no magnetization anomalies for a depth of many kilometres around and below the rover’s traverse. We suggest two possible explanations for the weak magnetic field: the entire Utopia Basin may have remained unmagnetized since its formation about 4 billion years ago or that the 5-km-radius ghost crater where Zhurong landed may have been been demagnetized by impact.
Gradients of neurotransmitter receptor expression in the macaque cortex
Authors: Froudist-Walsh Sean , Xu Ting , Niu Meiqi , Rapan Lucija , Zhao Ling , Margulies Daniel S. , Zilles Karl , Wang Xiao-Jing , Palomero-Gallagher Nicola 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDynamics and functions of neural circuits depend on interactions mediated by receptors. Therefore, a comprehensive map of receptor organization across cortical regions is needed. In this study, we used in vitro receptor autoradiography to measure the density of 14 neurotransmitter receptor types in 109 areas of macaque cortex. We integrated the receptor data with anatomical, genetic and functional connectivity data into a common cortical space. We uncovered a principal gradient of receptor expression per neuron. This aligns with the cortical hierarchy from sensory cortex to higher cognitive areas. A second gradient, driven by serotonin 5-HT1Areceptors, peaks in the anterior cingulate, default mode and salience networks. We found a similar pattern of 5-HT1Aexpression in the human brain. Thus, the macaque may be a promising translational model of serotonergic processing and disorders. The receptor gradients may enable rapid, reliable information processing in sensory cortical areas and slow, flexible integration in higher cognitive areas.
A sub 1 GHz ultra miniaturized folded dipole patch antenna for biomedical applications
Authors: Chishti Abdul Rehman , Aziz Abdul , Aljaloud Khaled , Tahir Farooq A. , Abbasi Qammer H. , Khan Zia Ullah , Hussain Rifaqat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA miniaturized folded dipole patch antenna (FDPA) design for biomedical applications operating at sub 1 GHz (434 MHz) band is presented. Antenna is fabricated on FR-4 substrate material having dimensions of 16.40 mm $$\times$$
×
8.60 mm $$\times$$
×
1.52 mm (0.023$$\lambda$$
λ
$$\times$$
×
0.012$$\lambda$$
λ
$$\times$$
×
0.002$$\lambda$$
λ
). Indirect feed coupling is applied through two parallel strips at bottom layer of the substrate. The antenna size is reduced by 83% through lumped inductor placed at the center path of the radiating FDPA, suitable for biomedical (implantable) applications and hyperthermia. Moreover, Impedance matching is achieved without using any Balun transformer or any other complex matching network. The proposed antenna provides an impedance bandwidth of 6 MHz (431–437 MHz) below − 10 dB and a gain of − 31 dB at 434 MHz. The designed antenna is also placed on a human body model to evaluate its performance for hyperthermia through Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), Effective Field Size (EFS), and penetration depth (PD).
Convective heat and mass transfer rate on 3D Williamson nanofluid flow via linear stretching sheet with thermal radiation and heat absorption
Authors: Jagadeesh Shiva , Chenna Krishna Reddy Marpadaga , Tarakaramu Nainaru , Ahmad Hijaz , Askar Sameh , Shukhratovich Abdullaev Sherzod 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA mathematical analysis is communicated to the thermal radiation and heat absorption effects on 3D MHD Williamson nanoliquid (NFs) motion via stretching sheet. The convective heat and mass boundary conditions are taken in sheet when liquid is motion. As a novelty, the effects of thermal radiation, heat absorption and heat and mass convection are incorporated. The aim is to develop heat transfer. Williamson NFs are most important source of heat absorption, it having many significant applications in “energy generation, HT, aircraft, missiles, electronic cooling systems, gas turbines” etc. The suitable similarity transformations have been utilized for reduce basic governing P.D. E’s into coupled nonlinear system of O.D. E’s. Obtained O.D. Es are calculated by help of R–K–F (“Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg”)4th order procedure with shooting technique in MATLAB programming. We noticed that, the skin friction coefficient is more effective in Williamson liquid motion when compared with NFs motion with higher numerical values of stretching ratio parameter, Williamson liquid motion is high when compared to NFs motion for large values of magnetic field. We compared with present results into previous results for various conditions. Finally, in the present result is good invention of previous results.
Conditions for the origin of homochirality in primordial catalytic reaction networks
Authors: Gagnon Jean-Sébastien , Hochberg David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study the generation of homochirality in a general chemical model (based on the homogeneous, fully connected Smoluchowski aggregation-fragmentation model) that obeys thermodynamics and can be easily mapped onto known origin of life models (e.g. autocatalytic sets, hypercycles, etc.), with essential aspects of origin of life modeling taken into consideration. Using a combination of theoretical modeling and numerical simulations, we look for minimal conditions for which our general chemical model exhibits spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking. We show that our model spontaneously breaks mirror symmetry in various catalytic configurations that only involve a small number of catalyzed reactions and nothing else. Of particular importance is that mirror symmetry breaking occurs in our model without the need for single-step autocatalytis or mutual inhibition, which may be of relevance for prebiotic chemistry.
HOXA3 accelerates wound healing in diabetic and aged non-diabetic mammals
Authors: Parella K. , Moody K. , Wortel D. , Colegrove H. , Elser J. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChronic wounds are characterized by a persistent, hyper-inflammatory environment that prevents progression to regenerative wound closure. Such chronic wounds are especially common in diabetic patients, often requiring distal limb amputation, but occur in non-diabetic, elderly patients as well. Induced expression of HoxA3, a member of the Homeobox family of body patterning and master regulatory transcription factors, has been shown to accelerate wound closure in diabetic mice when applied topically as a plasmid encased in a hydrogel. We now provide independent replication of those foundational in vivo diabetic wound closure studies, observing 16% faster healing (3.3 mm wounds vs 3.9 mm wounds at Day 9 post original injury of 6 mm diameter) under treatment with observable microscopic benefits. We then expand upon these findings with minimal dose threshold estimation of 1 μg HoxA3 plasmid delivered topically at a weekly interval. Furthermore, we observed similarities in natural wound healing rates between aged non-diabetic mice and young diabetic mice, which provided motivation to test topical HoxA3 plasmid in aged non-diabetic mice. We observed that HoxA3 treatment achieved complete wound closure (0 mm diameter) at 2 weeks whereas untreated wounds were only 50% closed (3 mm wound diameter). We did not observe any gross adverse effects macroscopically or via histology in these short studies. Whether as a plasmid or future alternative modality, topical HoxA3 is an attractive translational candidate for chronic wounds.
Effect of fenestrated sterile drape and face mask on bacterial dispersion toward the periocular area during intravitreal injection
Authors: Phasukkijwatana Nopasak , Jongpipatchai Rawi , Phuksapaisalsilp Peerawoot , Pharkjaksu Sujiraphong , Ngamskulrungroj Popchai , Prakhunhungsit Supalert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis experimental crossover study was performed to investigate whether fenestrated surgical drapes (covering the nose and mouth but with an opening over the periorbital area) with or without patients’ surgical face masks increase periorbital bacterial dispersion during simulated intravitreal injection conditions. Each of the 16 healthy volunteers performed 14 scenarios involving different mask and drape conditions in both silent and speaking situations. In each scenario, the subject lay down flat on the back with a blood agar plate being held at the inferior orbital rim perpendicular to the face to capture airflow from breathing/speaking. Another blood agar plate placed 50 cm away from the subject served as an experimental control. A total of 224 experiments were performed. Speaking situations significantly showed more colony forming units (CFUs) compared with their controls (P = 0.014). There were no significant differences in CFUs between wearing vs not wearing the masks (P = 0.887 for speaking and P = 0.219 for silent) and using vs not using the drapes (P = 0.941 for speaking and P = 0.687 for silent). Reusable and disposable drapes were also not significantly different (P = 1.00 for speaking and P = 0.625 for silent). Streptococcus spp., the oropharyngeal microbiota, were only cultivated from speaking scenarios. While refraining from speaking (for both practitioners and patients) is the mainstay of reducing bacterial dispersion and risks of post-injection endophthalmitis, the use of fenestrated surgical drapes or patients’ face masks did not significantly affect the amount of bacterial dispersion toward the periorbital area.
Allometry of the quasi-pipe (qPipe) model for estimating tree leaf area and tree leaf mass applied to plant functional types
Authors: Sumida Akihiro , Inagaki Yoshiyuki , Kajimoto Takuya , Katsuno-Miyaura Masumi , Komiyama Akira , Kurachi Nahoko , Miyaura Tomiyasu , Hasegawa Shigeaki F. , Hara Toshihiko , Ono Kiyomi , Yamada Masahito 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe allometry of the pipe model quantifies the approximate proportionality between the tree leaf amount and the stem cross-sectional area at the crown base (ACB). It is useful for estimating and modeling carbon fixation abilities of trees but requires climbing the tree and is thus unsuitable for large-scale studies. Here, we adopted a previously proposed allometry (hereafter the quasi-pipe (qPipe) model allometry) formulating the relationship between the tree leaf amount and a surrogate of ACB, ACB_Est, calculated from tree dimensions measurable from the ground. Using published/unpublished data for 962 trees of 159 species collected between tropical rainforests and boreal forests, we established pipe and qPipe model allometries for evergreen-conifer, deciduous-conifer, evergreen-broadleaf, and deciduous-broadleaf plant functional types (PFTs). For the leaf area per tree (LA), allometric lines on a log–log plane were almost identical among the four PFTs in both models, with slopes of ~ 1. For the leaf mass per tree (LM), however, the allometric lines separated among the four PFTs in both models and had slopes greater than 1, indicating that the proportionality assumed in the pipe model held for LA but not LM. The applicability of the qPipe model in estimating the stand-scale leaf amount was further examined.