bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Calprotectin as a Potentially Sensitive Biomarker for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Egyptian Patients
Authors: Azab Nehal , Talkhan Hala , Samaha Dalia , Salem Lamyaa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence is increasing nowadays. Its diagnosis depends on invasive techniques such as colonoscopy and biopsy which is the gold standard for diagnosis. Its activity is monitored by fecal calprotectin levels which has a low compliance rate. Although it is unlikely for serum biomarkers to replace colonoscopy, a need exists for a serum biomarker that at least decreases the need for such an invasive technique.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this work was to evaluate serum calprotectin as a biomarker for IBD in Egyptian patients.

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted on 50 Egyptian IBD patients, 34% were males and 66% were females with their ages ranging from 15 to 62 years. Based on IBD type 60% were diagnosed as ulcerative colitis (UC) half of them were in clinical activity and the other half in remission and 40% were diagnosed as Chron’s disease (CD) half of them were in clinical activity and the other half in remission. IBD patients were recruited from Gastroenterology Clinic, Ain Shams University Hospitals in the period from October 2019 till October 2020. In addition, 20 race-, sex- and age- matched apparently healthy subjects were included in the study as a control group. Serum calprotectin levels were measured by ELISA.

Results
The results revealed that the serum levels of calprotectin were significantly higher in IBD patients than in the control group and in clinically active patients than those in remission. There was a positive correlation between serum calprotectin levels, CRP and ESR, however the diagnostic value of serum calprotectin was higher than that of CRP and ESR as serum calprotectin had higher sensitivity and specificity. The specificity of serum calprotectin in diagnosing IBD was 95% and the sensitivity was 98%; the specificity of CRP was 85% and the sensitivity was 64%; the specificity of ESR was 85% and the sensitivity was 62%. Our work revealed that there was a direct relationship between serum calprotectin and platelet count and an inverse relationship between serum calprotectin and albumin and hemoglobin levels.

Conclusion
Serum levels of calprotectin are increased and are associated with clinical activity in IBD patients so it may become one of the clinically valuable indicators of activity of the disease.
The Relationship between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of ERCC1 Gene and the Response to Platinum Based Chemotherapy in Egyptian Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Abd el-Mageed Abeer Ibrahim , El-Din Manal Mohsen M Kamal , Zaghla Heba M Adel Abou , Abdelhakam Dina Abdelmoneim Mahmoud , Ahmed Rana Ehab Moustafa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer (LC) is the second most common cancer diagnosed in both males and females. There are two subtypes of LC. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major one. Treatment options for NSCLC depends mainly on the stage at diagnosis. The majority of the patients are diagnosed at advanced stages at time of presentation. Therefore, chemotherapy and radiotherapy play the dominant role in treatment of advanced NSCLC. The most commonly used chemotherapy is platinum-based chemotherapy as cisplatin and carboplatin and third generation drugs as vinorelbine and gemcitabine. The efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy is limited by chemoresistance. The excision repair cross complementation group 1(ERCC1) gene is a member of nucleotide excision repair pathway that plays a critical role in the DNA repair by removing DNA covalent helix-distorting adducts.

Aim of the Work
In this study investigated the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of ERCC1 rs11615 and the response to platinum-based chemotherapy in Egyptian NSCLC patients in order to prevent the non-necessary exposure to the toxic effect of chemotherapy.

Patients and Methods
This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 50 NSCLC patients who were recruited from the Oncology Clinic in Ain Shams University Hospitals; twenty of them were responders to platinumbased chemotherapy and the other 30 were non-responders according to RECIST criteria. All subjects underwent full medical history focusing on tobacco smoking and family history of cancers, thorough clinical examination, histological diagnosis of NSCLC and TNM classification, radiological studies: computed tomography of chest and abdomen and laboratory investigations in the form of: complete blood picture (CBC), liver function tests and kidney function tests. Detection of the ERCC1 (T/C) polymorphism by realtime PCR was done for both the responders' and the non-responders' groups.

Results
There was no significant statistical difference observed between the responders’ and nonresponders’ groups regarding the genotype frequencies nor the allelic frequency (p &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
The present study did not confirm the presence of significant association between the genotypic frequencies nor the allelic frequencies of the ERCC1 rs 11615 among the responders' and the non-responders' groups. Further studies with higher sample size are needed to clarify the association.
Assessment of the Serum High-Mobility Group Box 1 Level in Vitiligo Patients in Comparison to Healthy Subjects and Its Relation to Total Oxidant Status and Disease Activity
Authors: Fakkar Nehal Mohamed Zuel , Soltan Marwa Yassin Ahmed , Roble Abdulkadir Aweis Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of unknown etiology, affecting approximately 1% of the world population, without predilection for race or sex. It is characterized by white macules and patches, whose size increases over time, due to the loss of melanocytes.

Aim of Work
The aim of work was to evaluate the serum level of high-mobility group box 1 in vitiligo patients and its relation to total oxidant status levels and disease activity.

Subjects and methods
This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on 48 patients diagnosed as having vitiligo (24 active patients and 24 and non active) and 48 health controls for 6 months duration. All patients were selected from the dermatology outpatient clinic of vitiligo, Ain-Shams University Hospitals.

Results
The serum levels of HMGB1 among patients and controls revealed that patients had a statistically high significant levels of HMGB1 (p value 0.001), HMGB1 serum levels in vitiligo patients were significantly positively correlated to TOS serum levels and VIDA score (p value 0.001), between active and non-active group, there was a highly statistical significant difference between the two groups regarding serum level of HMGB1, as the serum HMGB1 levels were much higher in active compared to non-active patients (p value 0.001).

Conclusion
HMGB1 is a crucial damage associated molecular pattern molecule that links oxidative stresses to the formation of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. HMGB1 is a crucial inflammatory factor involved in the progression of vitiligo. Serum HMGB1 level is a promising biomarker for monitoring disease activity in patients with vitiligo. HMGB1 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of vitiligo.
Evaluation of Granulysin Level in Active Vitiligo
Authors: Mohammed Ghada Fathy , Elhusseiny Rania Mahmoud , Alkhateeb Asmaa Harith Mustafa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Vitiligo is an acquired, a progressive, multifactorial, depigmenting disorder characterized by the appearance of circumscribed white macules in the skin due to chronic, progressive loss of functional melanocytes in the epidermis.

Aim of the Work
We aimed to evaluate GNLY- levels in stable and active vitiligo patients in comparison to healthy controls.

Patients and Methods
A case-control study which was carried out on 66 subjects: 22 patients with active vitiligo, 22 with stable vitiligo, and 22 age and sex-matched controls. All patients were recruited from the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of Ain Shams University hospitals during the period from February 2021 to May 2021.

Results
We found a statistically significant difference between vitiligo patients and controls regarding GNLY levels with higher GNLY-levels among cases as compared to control. There were no statistically significant relations between GNLY-levels and gender or age of patients, family history, distribution or duration of vitiligo as well as activity or severity of vitiligo disease. This suggests that GNLY has an important role in vitiligo pathogenesis regardless of the activity, severity, and different disease characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, our study was the first study that measured GNLY-level in vitiligo patients and compare it with controls. Also, compared GNLY level in stable vitiligo versus active vitiligo.

Conclusion
Our findings supported the possible role of GNLY in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, measurement of GNLY level can not be used as a discriminating marker between stable and active vitiligo.
Comparative Study of Polydioxanone Monofilament (PDO) Threads Combined with Scar Subcision versus Fractional CO2 Laser Combined with Scar Subcision in Management of Atrophic Post Acne Scars
Authors: Kahky Hanan El , Soltan Marwa Yassin Ahmed , Mahmoud Mostafa Mohamed Khalaf 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Acne is an inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by comedones, inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules of the face, chest, and back. The inflammatory response in some acne patients results in permanent, disfiguring scars from either increased tissue formation or due to loss or damage of tissue. Many treatments have been attempted in order to improve acne scarring such as: chemical peels, surgical excision, subcision, punch grafting, dermabrasion, fillers and laser have been used to ameliorate atrophic acne scars with varying degrees of success

Objectives
The aim of this work was to study the efficacy of polydioxanone (PDO) monofilament threads combined with scar subcision versus fractional Co2 laser combined with scar subcision in management of atrophic acne scars.

Patients and Methods
This is a split-face pilot study included 10 patients with atrophic acne scars. The patients recruited from the Outpatient Dermatology Clinic at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Fractional CO2 laser sessions were done for the right side of the face (2 sessions - one month apart), and Polydioxanone (PDO) threads were inserted to the left side of the face (2 sessions - one month apart), each treatment modality was preceded by scar subcision. The patients were followed up for 3 months. The response of treatment was evaluated by Antera 3D camera.

Results
Our study revealed that treatment of the right side of the face with fractional CO2 Laser led to statistically significant improvement more than what was achieved by PDO threads on the left side. It was also found that both PDO monofilament threads and Fractional Co2 laser improved the skin texture.

Conclusion
.The current study confirmed the superiority of fractional CO2 laser for the management of atrophic post acne scars. Polydioxanone threads had an effect in improving the skin texture but their overall effect is not comparable to the effect of fractional CO2 laser. To the best of our knowledge, we were the first to compare between Fractional Co2 laser and poydioxanone threads regarding there efficacy in management of atrophic acne scars and to evaluate the response using Antera 3D camera.
Comparative Study of Intralesional Measles–Mumps–Rubella Vaccine versus Needling-Induced Autoinoculation in the Management of Genital Warts
Authors: Mohamed Nourhan Gamal , Zu El-fakkar Nehal , El-Khateeb Ekramy Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, especially among women. Genital HPV infection has a relatively long incubation period up to 8 months. It is known to have a high recurrence rate, and the infection by certain high-risk HPV strains is known to be associated with malignancies of cervix, penis, vulva, vagina, and anus. Thus, factors such as long latency, lesions’ multiplicity, high recurrence rate, and the tendency to malignant transformation, are essential challenges during management of genital HPV infections. The clinical outcome of traditional treatment modalities; such as podophyllotoxin, imiquimod, cryotherapy, electrocautery, trichloroacetic acid, photodynamic therapy, and laser, is limited to individual lesions. Therefore, they are usually inconvenient for patients with multiple and/or recurrent lesions.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intralesional injection of MMR vaccine in comparison with needling-induced autoinoculation in the treatment of genital warts.

Patients and Methods
Our study included 50 patients with multiple and recurrent genital warts (more than 4 genital warts) divided into two equal matched groups. One group was subjected to MMR injection and the other subjected to needling-induced autoinoculation every two weeks for maximum three sessions. Follow-up was done for 8 weeks after last session.

Results
This study reports that both treatment options showed statistically significant value in treatment of genital warts, and here was no statistically significant difference between both study groups as regard response to treatment.

Conclusion
both MMR and needling are simple and effective modalities of immunotherapy for treatment of multiple genital warts with excellent safety profile. The only disadvantage is the long time taken for immune response to occur. Combination treatment plan can overcome this disadvantage. Needling-induced autoinoculation; being more safe and inexpensive, may be considered as a competing immunotherapeutic treatment modality for multiple and recurrent genital warts.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Nanofat Injection in Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia
Authors: El Kahky Hanan Mohamed , Seoudy Wael Mohamed , Elhusseiny Rania Mahmoud , Nazmy Yara Amr Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Androgenic alopecia is the most common hair loss disorder in both males and females. The importance of this disease comes from the immense emotional distress that it leaves on the patient caused by the hair loss. The terminal hair follicles over the frontal and vertex regions are replaced by miniaturized hair follicles which leads progressively to a visible reduction in hair density.

Aim of the Work
To evaluate the efficacy of Nanofat injected into the scalp for management of androgenic alopecia.

Patients and Methods
This prospective clinical pilot study included 20 patients with androgenic alopecia, 10 males and 10 females, attending Dermatology outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Hospitals from December 2020 to July 2021.

Results
Our results showed clinically significant improvement by comparing patients’ photographs in most of the treated patients and high mean patients’ satisfaction with minor encountered side effects. Moreover, dermoscope revealed significant increased median terminal hair density in all patients 6 months after nanofat session.

Conclusion
Although the exact mechanism of action is still unclear, nanofat injection can be considered an effective treatment modality for androgenic alopecia. Yet, further studies are needed with a bigger number of cases to minimize statistical errors and to detect the most accurate nanofat isolation method yielding best results.
Language Assessment in Children with Stuttering
Authors: Ibrahim Eman A , Elrefaie Dina A , Hassan Sabah M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The incidence rate of stuttering is 5% among preschool children and about 1% among adults. Although the cause of stuttering has not been identified, a multifactorial hypothesis of stuttering has gained acceptance.

Aim of the Work
To evaluate and to assess language in children with stuttering.

Patients and Methods
This analytical (observational) cross sectional study was carried out at the outpatient clinic of Phoniatrics unit, ENT department, Ain Shams University Hospitals, included 30 children with stuttering as a case group, in addition to 30 healthy age and sex matched controls. Each child in the studied group was subjected to the protocol of assessment of fluency disorders (Kotby et al., 2015).

Results
In the current study, there was no statistically significant difference in the severity of stuttering between boys and girls with stuttering included in the current study. There was high statistically significant difference between the studied two groups regarding phonology and syntax. There was a statistically significant strong positive correlation between chronological age with receptive language age (p &lt; 0.001), expressive language age and total language age (p &lt; 0.001). There was a statistically significant strong positive correlation between receptive language age and expressive language age and total language age (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Language is markedly affected among stuttering children in comparison to healthy control group.

Recommendation
Early diagnosis and assessment of stuttering is essential for proper intervention before language and behavioral deterioration.
Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen in Treatment of Invasive Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Fawaz Samia Ahmed , Salim Hager Youssef , Shafek Michael Rezk 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunodeficient individuals (such as AIDS patients) and in transplant recipients or tumor patients undergoing immunosuppressive chemotherapy. The most widely accepted therapy is the multimodal approach of using intravenous (IV) anti-fungal therapy in combination with sinus debridement, and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) for the management of invasive fungal sinusitis.
HBO has an important role in management of those patients; there is a significant survival benefit with adjunctive HBO use, as HBO has a fungistatic effect, decrease growth rate of fungus, and decrease the morbidity.

Objective
to assess the use of Hyperbaric oxygen in treatment of invasive fungal sinusitis and evaluate its efficacy as HBO has a fungistatic effect, decrease growth rate of fungus, and decrease the morbidity.

Patients and Methods
The pertinent role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treatment of invasive fungal sinusitis has been popularized over the past decade, to approve the important role of HBOT we established our systematic review which include 15 studies and 98 patients.

Results
We assess the beneficial effect of adding HBOT in the protocol treatment of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, which illustrate the favorable results supporting adding HBOT, as survival rate among patients treated with HBOT 66% against 42% survival rate among patients treated without HBOT.

Conclusion
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an attractive option in treatment of invasive fungal rhinosiusitis as an adjunctive therapy.
Evaluation of Central Auditory Processing in Individuals with Occupational Noise exposure
Authors: Tawfik Somia , Hassan Dalia Mohamed , Mahmoud Nermeen Mohy El-Din 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Prolonged exposure to high levels of occupational noise can cause damage to hair cells in the cochlea and result in permanent noise-induced cochlear hearing loss. Consequences of cochlear hearing loss on speech perception and psychophysical central auditory abilities have been well documented.

Objectives
the aim of this research was to explore central auditory processing in individuals with history of occupational noise exposure.

Subjects and method
sixty subjects aged between 20 and 50 years divided into 2 groups; control group (thirty normal healthy subjects), study group (thirty subject with history of occupational noise exposure). They were subjected to Basic audiological evaluation :Pure tone audiometry for frequencies 250-8000 Hz for air conduction and 500-4000 Hz for bone conduction, Speech reception threshold (SRT) using Arabic spondee words list (Soliman et al., 1985) and speech discrimination scores using Arabic phonetically balanced words (Soliman, 1976). And Tympanometry, central auditory processing questionnaire and Psychophysical central auditory tests that will be discussed later.

Results
Statistically significant difference was found between the study group and control group regarding left Dichotic digits test versionII (p = 0.020), The mean of SPIN either at Right or Left ear for study group was depressed in comparison to normal individuals, those differences were statistically highly significant (p &lt; 0.001).
Furthermore, there was a Highly statically significant difference in TCST (30%,60%), GIN test and DPT between study and control groups (p &lt; 0.001) either at Right or Left ear.

Conclusions
Patients with occupational noise exposure had poor performance in all central auditory tests when compared with control. This means that occupational noise exposure can lead to impaired central auditory processing with subsequent in adults
Comparison between Tonsillectomy by Coblation, Bipolar and Surgical Dissection
Authors: El Halabi Hisham Salah El-Din , Begermy Marwa Mohamed El , Mikahail Peter Milad , Saad Mostafa Sara 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Tonsillectomy is one of the most common paediatric surgical procedures performed worldwide. Although it is one of the most widely performed procedures in otorhinolaryngology, none of the commonly used techniques for tonsillectomy is considered optimal till now.

Objective
To compare coblation, bipolar diathermy, and surgical dissection approaches for tonsillectomy in terms of operative time, surgical blood loss, postoperative pain and the incidence of postoperative complications.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement. Guidelines and an electronic search of information was conducted to identify studies that compare between coblation, cold dissection and bipolar diathermy techniques.

Results
This study showed that bipolar diathermy tonsillectomy was the lowest risk of primary bleeding followed by coblation then cold dissection tonsillectomy but with insignificant difference. Coblation technique was the highest secondary bleeding risk followed by cold dissection and the lowest risk was figured in bipolar diathermy procedure also the difference did not reach statistical significance. Coblation tonsillectomy was the best technique regarding blood loss and operative time with significant difference in the comparison with cold dissection and insignificant in the comparison with bipolar diathermy. Because of using a different postoperative pain measures in the studies we could not pool its data, but the majority of studies showed that coblation technique was better as regard postoperative pain than cold dissection and bipolar diathermy. While there was no significant difference between cold dissection and bipolar diathermy in the most studies

Conclusion
Overall, bipolar diathermy procedure for tonsillectomy was considered the best technique regarding primary and secondary bleeding outcomes, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Coblation procedure for tonsillectomy was considered the best technique regarding intraoperative blood loss with significant difference except in comparison between bipolar diathermy and coblation the difference was not significant. Coblation technique also considered the best one regarding operative time with significant difference in direct comparison between coblation and cold, and insignificant in other comparisons. By systematic review on 21 studies coblation technique shows less postoperative pain than cold dissection and bipolar diathermy in the majority of studies comparing coblation with every technique. And there was no significant difference between studies compared cold dissection with bipolar diathermy regarding postoperative pain.