bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drying kinetics and change in bioactive compounds of edible flowers: Prunus domestica
Authors: Dundar Ayse Neslihan , Sahin Oya Irmak , Parlak Mahmut Ekrem , Saricaoglu Furkan Turker 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study is to reveal the effect of different drying methods (hot‐air drying [HAD] and freeze‐drying [FD]) on flowers of Prunus domestica—white, pink, and red, methanolic extracts and their effects on polyphenolic compounds. Drying kinetics, phytochemical and antioxidant activity were investigated, and compared with each other and also with fresh samples. The modeling of the terms of Fick's diffusion equation were used to estimate the coefficients of diffusion. Drying kinetics from HAD and FD were analyzed mathematically, and obtained data was statistically analyzed to obtain best fit among all available models.The total phenolic content (TPC) of plum blossom extracts (PBEs) varied between 185.16 and 279.73 mg GAE per g dry weight sample. TPC levels increased in red and white PBE samples subjected to the FD process. However, in contrast, the TPC values of the pink PBE were in a decreasing trend with the drying process. CUPRAC levels were highest in the PBE of red flowers (1.04 mmol TE g−1). ABTS (65 μmol TE g−1) and DPPH (47.50 μmol TE g−1) levels were highest in PBE of pink flowers. ABTS values of only red‐colored samples increased after HAD and FD, while antioxidant activity results decreased in all other samples. Compared to HAD, FD negatively affected quercetin and its derivative content, on the other hand positively affected the cyanidin contents. It can be concluded that different drying methods would be effective for different polyphenolic compounds depending on the pigment type of flowers.Practical applicationsEdible flowers have been used for their therapeutic purposes traditionally, and nowadays they gain a renewed interest as rich sources of bioactive compounds for both the food and culinary science. As a new tool for functional food development, the focus of edible flowers research is how to preserve the bioactive content. Drying is known to be the best way to avoid the perishability of edible flowers. The present work has been carried out for comparing two drying methods (HAD, FD) in terms of the bioactive changes and kinetic parameters. Our results showed that the quality attributes of Prunus flowers, rich in bioactive compounds and pigments, either preserve or enhance by FD. Mathematical modeling of drying affected by the pigment types, which is determined Jena&Das model for white flowers while Page model was the most appropriate to describe drying kinetics of red and pink flowers. It can be concluded that freeze drying can be effectively used in the dehydration of Prunus flowers and further studies can be promoted as a functional additive.
Attachment behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities in assisted living facilities: representations from direct‐care staff
Authors: Rinaldi R. , Duplat J. , Kahwaji C. , Wauthia E. , Willaye E. , Batselé E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies on individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) indicate that primary care staff are potential attachment figures. Therefore, the ability to interpret and respond to attachment behaviours with sensitivity is crucial for professionals working with adults with IDs. However, little is known regarding representations and understanding of these attachment behaviours among professionals. This study investigated the representations of attachment behaviours among adults with IDs, as observed and interpreted by direct‐care staff in assisted living facilities.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 19 support workers in seven assisted living facilities in the French community of Belgium. A thematic content analysis was performed.ResultsProfessional discourse elicited various forms of attachment behaviours that were sometimes considered challenging. Staff reported difficulties in finding a balance between supporting selective attachment and maintaining ‘the right distance’ to prevent a negative impact on their work conditions.ConclusionsThis study gives insight to how using an attachment‐informed framework may provide a new perspective on behaviours of adults with IDs in assisted living facilities, as well as the need to offer professionals the opportunity to reflect upon their practices in relation to this dimension.
Brain circuits for maternal sensitivity and pain involving anterior cingulate cortex among mothers receiving buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder
Authors: Swain James E. , Ho S. Shaun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOpioid‐induced deficits in maternal behaviors are well‐characterized in rodent models. Amid the current epidemic of opioid use disorder (OUD), prevalence among pregnant women has risen sharply. Yet, the roles of buprenorphine replacement treatment for OUD (BT/OUD) in the brain functions of postpartum mothers are unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we have developed an evolutionarily conserved maternal behavior neurocircuit (MBN) model to study human maternal care versus defensive/aggressive behaviors critical to mother–child bonding. The anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) is not only involved in the MBN for mother–child bonding and attachment, but also part of an opioid sensitive “pain‐matrix”. The literature suggests that prescription opioids produce physical and emotional “analgesic” effects by disrupting specific resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) of ACC to regions related to MBN. Thus, in this longitudinal study, we report findings of overlapping MBN and pain matrix circuits, for mothers with chronic exposure of BT/OUD. A total of 32 mothers were studied with 6 min rs‐FC at 1 month (T1) and 4 months postpartum (T2), including seven on BT/OUD and 25 non‐BT/OUD mothers as a comparison group. We analyzed rs‐FC between the insula, putamen, and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (DACC) and rostral ACC (RACC), as the regions of interest that mediate opioid analgesia. BT/OUD mothers, as compared to non‐BT/OUD mothers, showed less left insula‐RACC rs‐FC but greater right putamen‐DACC rs‐FC at T1, with these between‐group differences diminished at T2. Some of these rs‐FC results were correlated with the scores of postpartum parental bonding questionnaire. We found time‐by‐treatment interaction effects on DACC and RACC‐dependent rs‐FC, potentially identifying brain mechanisms for beneficial effects of BT, normalizing dysfunction of maternal brain and behavior over the first four months postpartum. This study complements recent studies to ascertain how BT/OUD affects maternal behaviors, mother–child bonding, and intersubjectivity and reveals potential MBN/pain‐matrix targets for novel interventions.
Serum neurofilament light chain measurements following nerve trauma
Authors: Wilcox Matthew , Rayner Melissa L. D. , Guillemot‐Legris Owein , Platt Isobel , Brown Hazel , Quick Tom , Phillips James B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOptimal functional recovery following peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) is dependent upon early recognition and prompt referral to specialist centres for appropriate surgical intervention. Technologies which facilitate the early detection of PNI would allow faster referral rates and encourage improvements in patient outcomes. Serum Neurofilament light chain (NfL) measurements are cheaper to perform, easier to access and interpret than many conventional methods used for nerve injury diagnosis, such as electromyography and/or magnetic resonance imaging assessments, but changes in serum NfL levels following traumatic PNI have not been investigated. This pre‐clinical study aimed to determine whether serum NfL levels can: (1) detect the presence of a nerve trauma and (2) delineate between different severities of nerve trauma.MethodsA rat sciatic nerve crush and common peroneal nerve crush were implemented as controlled animal models of nerve injury. At 1‐, 3‐, 7‐ and 21‐days post‐injury, serum samples were retrieved for analysis using the SIMOA® NfL analyser kit. Nerve samples were also retrieved for histological analysis. Static sciatic index (SSI) was measured at regular time intervals following injury.ResultsSignificant 45‐fold and 20‐fold increases in NfL serum levels were seen 1‐day post‐injury following sciatic and common peroneal nerve injury, respectively. This corresponded with an eightfold higher volume of axons injured in the sciatic compared to the common peroneal nerve (p < .001). SSI measurements post‐injury revealed greater reduction in function in the sciatic crush group compared with the common peroneal crush group.ConclusionsNfL serum measurements represent a promising method for detecting traumatic PNI and stratifying their severity. Clinical translation of these findings could provide a powerful tool to improve the surgical management of nerve‐injured patients.
Skin hyperpigmentation index in melasma: A complementary method to classic scoring systems
Authors: Heidemeyer Kristine , Cazzaniga Simone , Feldmeyer Laurence , Imstepf Valentina , Adatto Maurice , Lehmann Matthias , Rammlmair Anna , Pelloni Lorenzo , Seyed Jafari S. Morteza , Bossart Simon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to relapsing nature of melasma with significant impact on quality of life, an objective measurement score is warranted, especially to follow‐up the patients with melasma and their therapy response in a quantitative and precise manner.AimsTo prove concordance of skin hyperpigmentation index (SHI) with well‐established scores in melasma and demonstrate its superiority regarding inter‐rater reliability. Development of SHI mapping for its integration in common scores.MethodsCalculation of SHI and common melasma scores by five dermatologists. Inter‐rater reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and concordance by Kendall correlation coefficient.ResultsStrong concordance of SHI with melasma area and severity index (MASI)‐Darkness (0.48; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.63), melasma severity index (MSI)‐Pigmentation (0.45; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.61), and melasma severity scale (MSS) (0.6; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.74). Using step function for mapping SHI into pigmentation scores showed an improvement of inter‐rater reliability with a difference in (ICC of 0.22 for MASI‐Darkness and 0.19 for MSI‐Pigmentation), leading to an excellent agreement.ConclusionSkin hyperpigmentation index could be an important additional cost‐and time‐conserving assessment method, to follow‐up the patients with melasma undergoing brightening therapies in clinical studies, as well as in routine clinical practice. It is in strong concordance with well‐established scores but superior regarding inter‐rater reliability.
The ongoing importance of the routine enquiry into trauma and abuse and trauma‐informed care within mental health trusts in England
Authors: McNally Katrina , Ragan Kathryn , Varese Filippo , Lovell Karina 
Published: June 2023

Accessibility SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

A significant number of people with mental health diagnoses have also experienced some form of trauma.

In 2008, it was recommended that MHTs in England provide training to MHPs to support them in how to ask their service users about trauma and abuse.

It has been identified that staff are not consistently enquiring about trauma and abuse in mental health services.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

A description of how many MHTs in England are providing training for staff to ensure that they enquire about trauma and abuse.

The current gaps in the resources available for mental health practitioners and staff.

What are the implications for practice?

Much more work and development of trauma‐informed care and accessibility of training is needed for MHPs working in MHTs.

Most MHTs still need to take the first step of implementing training in trauma‐informed care. This should involve ways to ask about trauma and abuse and advice on how to respond to any disclosures made.

AbstractIntroductionTrauma, abuse and adversities are extremely prevalent for those who access secondary mental health services. Health policy guidance recommends that mental health professionals (MHPs) should routinely enquire about trauma and abuse. Staff training is required to adopt trauma‐informed approaches, as research has identified a clear gap in practice. This study provides a baseline measure of the current provision of trauma‐informed training in English mental health trusts (MHTs).QuestionWhat trauma‐informed training is currently available for MHPs in England?MethodA freedom of information request was submitted to 52 MHTs in England to explore the current training available for MHPs in trauma‐informed care, routine enquiry into abuse and responding to disclosures.ResultsThe results showed 70% of respondents reported no available training in trauma‐informed care.DiscussionMany MHTs in England do not provide any trauma‐informed training (despite existing recommendations from 2008). Does this contribute to the re‐traumatisation of patients?Implications for PracticeMHTs in England require a responsible and active approach to training MHPs in sensitive routine enquiry into trauma and abuse as a first step to becoming trauma responsive.
Transition of care in adolescents with chronic disease: A concept analysis
Authors: Seydel Abby 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this concept analysis was to define the concept of transitional care as it applied to adolescents with chronic health conditions as they transfer from pediatric to adult care.Design and MethodsWalker and Avant's eight step method was used to guide this concept analysis. An electronic search of the literature using CINAHL, PubMed, and MEDLINE was conducted in March of 2022. Articles were included if they were peer‐reviewed articles published in English between 2016 and 2022 and aided in the development of the concept.ResultsA total of 14 articles met inclusion criteria within the search. These articles were used to identify the defining attributes of transitional care as it applied to adolescents with chronic disease. These attributes were empowerment, a comprehensive process, and transfer completion. The antecedents identified were aging, readiness, and support. For an individual to begin the transition process all of these must be present. Consequences include growth, independence, and improved quality of life and health outcomes. Model, borderline, related, and contrary cases were presented to exemplify the concept.Practice ImplicationsAdolescents and young adults with chronic disease require unique care as they transition to adulthood. Defining the concept of transitional care as it relates to this population provided a foundation of knowledge that has implications for nursing practice. This conceptual structure provided a foundation of knowledge for theory development and encouraged widespread use of transition programs. Future research should explore the long‐term outcomes of specific interventions used during transitional care.
Independent endothelial functions of PIEZO1 and TRPV4 in hepatic portal vein and predominance of PIEZO1 in mechanical and osmotic stress
Authors: Endesh Naima , Chuntharpursat‐Bon Eulashini , Revill Charlotte , Yuldasheva Nadira Y. , Futers T. Simon , Parsonage Gregory , Humphreys Neil , Adamson Antony , Morley Lara C. , Cubbon Richard M. , Prasad K. Raj , Foster Richard , Lichtenstein Laeticia , Beech David J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsPIEZO1 and TRPV4 are mechanically and osmotically regulated calcium‐permeable channels. The aim of this study was to determine the relevance and relationship of these channels in the contractile tone of the hepatic portal vein, which experiences mechanical and osmotic variations as it delivers blood to the liver from the intestines, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen.MethodsWall tension was measured in freshly dissected portal veins from adult male mice, which were genetically unmodified or modified for either a non‐disruptive tag in native PIEZO1 or endothelial‐specific PIEZO1 deletion. Pharmacological agents were used to activate or inhibit PIEZO1, TRPV4 and associated pathways, including Yoda1 and Yoda2 for PIEZO1 and GSK1016790A for TRPV4 agonism, respectively.ResultsPIEZO1 activation leads to nitric oxide synthase‐ and endothelium‐dependent relaxation of the portal vein. TRPV4 activation causes contraction, which is also endothelium‐dependent but independent of nitric oxide synthase. The TRPV4‐mediated contraction is suppressed by inhibitors of phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenases and mimicked by prostaglandin E2, suggesting mediation by arachidonic acid metabolism. TRPV4 antagonism inhibits the effect of agonising TRPV4 but not PIEZO1. Increased wall stretch and hypo‐osmolality inhibit TRPV4 responses while lacking effects on or amplifying PIEZO1 responses.ConclusionsThe portal vein contains independently functioning PIEZO1 channels and TRPV4 channels in the endothelium, the pharmacological activation of which leads to opposing effects of vessel relaxation (PIEZO1) and contraction (TRPV4). In mechanical and osmotic strain, the PIEZO1 mechanism dominates. Modulators of these channels could present important new opportunities for manipulating liver perfusion and regeneration in disease and surgical procedures.
Mycobacterial chaperonins in cellular proteostasis: Evidence for chaperone function of Cpn60.1 and Cpn60.2‐mediated protein folding
Authors: Piplani Bakul , Kumar C. M. Santosh , Lund Peter A. , Chaudhuri Tapan K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis encodes two chaperonin proteins, MtbCpn60.1 and MtbCpn60.2, that share substantial sequence similarity with the Escherichia coli chaperonin, GroEL. However, unlike GroEL, MtbCpn60.1 and MtbCpn60.2 purify as lower‐order oligomers. Previous studies have shown that MtbCpn60.2 can functionally replace GroEL in E. coli, while the function of MtbCpn60.1 remained an enigma. Here, we demonstrate the molecular chaperone function of MtbCpn60.1 and MtbCpn60.2, by probing their ability to assist the folding of obligate chaperonin clients, DapA, FtsE and MetK, in an E. coli strain depleted of endogenous GroEL. We show that both MtbCpn60.1 and MtbCpn60.2 support cell survival and cell division by assisting the folding of DapA and FtsE, but only MtbCpn60.2 completely rescues GroEL‐depleted E. coli cells. We also show that, unlike MtbCpn60.2, MtbCpn60.1 has limited ability to support cell growth and proliferation and assist the folding of MetK. Our findings suggest that the client pools of GroEL and MtbCpn60.2 overlap substantially, while MtbCpn60.1 folds only a small subset of GroEL clients. We conclude that the differences between MtbCpn60.1 and MtbCpn60.2 may be a consequence of their intrinsic sequence features, which affect their thermostability, efficiency, clientomes and modes of action.
A glimmer of hope – ash genotypes with increased resistance to ash dieback pathogen show cross‐resistance to emerald ash borer
Authors: Gossner Martin M. , Perret‐Gentil Anouchka , Britt Elisabeth , Queloz Valentin , Glauser Gaétan , Ladd Tim , Roe Amanda D. , Cleary Michelle , Liziniewicz Mateusz , Nielsen Lene R. , Ghosh Soumya K. , Bonello Pierluigi , Eisenring Michael 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Plants rely on cross‐resistance traits to defend against multiple, phylogenetically distinct enemies. These traits are often the result of long co‐evolutionary histories. Biological invasions can force naïve plants to cope with novel, coincident pests, and pathogens. For example, European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is substantially threatened by the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, a wood‐boring beetle, and the ash dieback (ADB) pathogen, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Yet, plant cross‐resistance traits against novel enemies are poorly explored and it is unknown whether naïve ash trees can defend against novel enemy complexes via cross‐resistance mechanisms.

To gain mechanistic insights, we quantified EAB performance on grafted replicates of ash genotypes varying in ADB resistance and characterized ash phloem chemistry with targeted and untargeted metabolomics.

Emerald ash borer performed better on ADB‐susceptible than on ADB‐resistant genotypes. Moreover, changes in EAB performance aligned with differences in phloem chemical profiles between ADB‐susceptible and ADB‐resistant genotypes.

We show that intraspecific variation in phloem chemistry in European ash can confer increased cross‐resistance to invasive antagonists from different taxonomic kingdoms. Our study suggests that promotion of ADB‐resistant ash genotypes may simultaneously help to control the ADB disease and reduce EAB‐caused ash losses, which may be critical for the long‐term stability of this keystone tree species.
Transcriptomic effects of the foraging gene shed light on pathways of pleiotropy and plasticity
Authors: Sokolowski Dustin J. , Vasquez Oscar E. , Wilson Michael D. , Sokolowski Marla B. , Anreiter Ina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenes are often pleiotropic and plastic in their expression, features which increase and diversify the functionality of the genome. The foraging (for) gene in Drosophila melanogaster is highly pleiotropic and a long‐standing model for studying individual differences in behavior and plasticity from ethological, evolutionary, and genetic perspectives. Its pleiotropy is known to be linked to its complex molecular structure; however, the downstream pathways and interactors remain mostly elusive. To uncover these pathways and interactors and gain a better understanding of how pleiotropy and plasticity are achieved at the molecular level, we explore the effects of different for alleles on gene expression at baseline and in response to 4 h of food deprivation, using RNA sequencing analysis in different Drosophila larval tissues. The results show tissue‐specific transcriptomic dynamics influenced by for allelic variation and food deprivation, as well as genotype by treatment interactions. Differentially expressed genes yielded pathways linked to previously described for phenotypes and several potentially novel phenotypes. Together, these findings provide putative genes and pathways through which for might regulate its varied phenotypes in a pleiotropic, plastic, and gene‐structure‐dependent manner.
Identification of an α‐l‐iduronidase (IDUA) M1T mutation in a Chinese family with autosomal recessive mucopolysaccharidosis I
Authors: Liu Dan , Jiang Zhongjing , Deng Linhua , Li Haibo , Jiang Haibo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare congenital metabolic disorders caused by the deficiency or low activity of enzymes required for glycosaminoglycans degradation. Mutations in the α‐l‐iduronidase gene (IDUA) are associated with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). Our study here aims to identify an MPS‐related gene mutation in a typical patient with MPS and to further explore the possible pathogenic mechanism. We identified a homozygous c. 2T>C (p.M1T) change in IDUA as the pathogenic mutation in this individual (both parents were identified as carriers of the mutation), with IDUA enzyme activity significantly decreased. We further established an MPS I–related zebrafish model using IDUA‐specific morpholino (MO) to suppress gene expression, and found that IDUA‐MO zebrafish exhibited characteristic disease phenotypes with deficiency of IDUA. Transcriptome profiling of zebrafish larvae revealed 487 genes that were significantly altered when IDUA was depleted. TP53 signaling and LC3/GABARAP family protein‐mediated autophagy were significantly upregulated in IDUA‐MO zebrafish larvae. Moreover, leukotriene A4 hydrolase‐mediated arachidonic acid metabolism was also upregulated. Introduction of wild‐type human IDUA mRNA rescued developmental defects and aberrant signaling in IDUA‐MO zebrafish larvae. In conclusion, our study provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of MPS I.