bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farm management practices associated with influenza A virus contamination of people working in Midwestern United States swine farms
Authors: Lopez-Moreno Gustavo , Culhane Marie R. , Davies Peter , Corzo Cesar , Allerson Matthew W. , Torremorell Montserrat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndirect transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) contributes to virus spread in pigs. To identify farm management activities with the ability to contaminate farmworkers’ hands and clothing that then could be a source of virus spread to other pigs, we conducted a within-farm, prospective IAV surveillance study. Hands and clothes from farmworkers performing the activities of piglet processing, vaccination, or weaning were sampled before and after the activities were performed. Samples were tested by IAV rRT-PCR and virus viability was assessed by cell culture. A multivariate generalized linear model was used to detect associations of the activities with IAV contamination. Of the samples collected for IAV rRT-PCR testing, there were 16% (12/76) collected immediately after processing, 96% (45/48) collected after vaccination, and 94% (29/31) collected after weaning that tested positive. Samples collected immediately after vaccination and weaning, i.e., activities that took place during the peri-weaning period when pigs were about 3 weeks of age, had almost 6 times higher risk of IAV detection and had more samples IAV positive (p-value < 0.0001) than samples collected after processing, i.e., an activity that took place in the first few days of life. Both, hands and clothes had similar contamination rates (46% and 55% respectively, p-value = 0.42) and viable virus was isolated from both. Our results indicate that activities that involve the handling of infected piglets close to weaning age represent a significant risk for IAV dissemination due to the high level of IAV contamination found in farmworkers’ hands and coveralls involved in the activities. Biosecurity protocols that include hand sanitation and changing clothing after performing activities with a high-risk of influenza contamination should be recommended to farmworkers to control and limit the mechanical spread of IAV between pigs.
A network approach to understanding distance learners’ experience of stress and mental distress whilst studying
Authors: Samra Rajvinder , França Alex Bacadini , Lucassen Mathijs F. G. , Waterhouse Philippa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch has shown that learners’ stress and mental distress are linked to poorer academic outcomes. A better understanding of stress and mental distress experiences during study could foster more nuanced course and intervention design which additionally teaches learners how to navigate through to protect their academic performance. The current study draws on data collected via validated self-reported questionnaires completed by final year undergraduate students (n = 318) at a large distance education university. We examined how common features of stress, depression and anxiety link to each other using a network analysis of reported symptoms. The results included findings demonstrating the symptoms with the greatest relative importance to the network. Specifically, these included the stress symptom ‘I found it difficult to relax’ and the depression symptom ‘I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything’. The findings could help institutions design interventions that directly correspond to common features of students’ stress and distress experiences.
Impairment in sleep health in young adults with chronic pain: a modifiable risk factor
Authors: Eissa Mohamed , Bhatia Anuj , Bansal Shikha , Di Renna Tania , McLoone Mary , Stinson Jennifer , Campbell Fiona , Brown Stephen , Sheffe Sarah , Law Yen Shuang , Singh Kawalpreet , Bosma Rachael , Singh Mandeep 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Impairments in sleep health are associated with the development or worsening of chronic pain. Further, chronic pain can cause sleep health disruption by impacting sleep onset, sleep maintenance, sleep quality, and causing daytime somnolence. However, the association between chronic pain and sleep disturbances in the young adult population is unclear.

Aim
We describe our initial experience in establishing and running a clinic for managing sleep health and chronic pain in young adults. We also describe the prevalence and the pattern of sleep disruption as well as its relationship with self-efficacy in pain management, depression, and quality of life in this cohort.

Methods
After approval from the Institutional Review Ethics board, chart review and data extraction were conducted for patients who presented at the Young Adult Clinic (YAC) at Women’s College Hospital from March 1, 2018 to April 30, 2019.

Results
Medical charts of 55 patients were reviewed with the majority being females (71%). Chronic widespread pain was the most common pain syndrome diagnosed in our patients. Insomnia was the most common sleep-health related diagnosis in our patients. Patients with disorders of sleep were more likely to report lower self-efficacy for managing pain as compared to those with no sleep disorders (p = 0.023) but there was no significant difference between these two groups as regards risk for pain-related catastrophizing.

Conclusion
Impairments in sleep health may be an important modifiable risk factor for alleviating pain in young adults with chronic pain. Sleep disorders should be evaluated and addressed in this population.
Effects of dietary supplementation of Parkia biglobosa pulp on growth performance and physiological status of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings
Authors: Adeniyi Olarinke Victoria , Norman Adenike Senorita , Onojobi Steven 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The present study investigated the effect of dietary Parkia biglobosa pulp (PBP) on the growth performance and blood profile of mixed sex Clarias gariepinus. The PBP meal was supplemented with the basal diets at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0% and fed to C. gariepinus fingerlings for 12 weeks.

Results
Supplementing the diets of C. gariepinus with 1.0–2.0% PBP enhanced (P < 0.05) the weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and reduced (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio with the highest performance at 2.0% inclusion level, compared to the control diet. The red blood cell counts of the fish fed PBP-supplemented diets did not differ (P > 0.05) from those fed the control diet while the lymphocyte counts was boosted (P < 0.05) with dietary PBP. Dietary supplementation with 1.0–2.0% PBP enhanced (P < 0.05) synthesis of total protein and albumin in the experimental fish while all fish fed PBP-supplemented diets had lower (P < 0.05) levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.

Conclusions
The present study showed that 1.0–2.0% PBP enhanced growth and nutrient utilization, lymphocytes, serum albumin and total protein and reduced serum liver enzymes, indicating the growth-promoting, immunostimulating and hepatoprotective effects of PBP in C. gariepinus Therefore, supplementation of PBP meal as feed additive in the basal diet of Clarias gariepinus at 2.0% is recommended.
Genetic variability predicting breeding potential of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for high temperature tolerance
Authors: Farooq Amjad , Shakeel Amir , Saeed Asif , Farooq Jehanzeb , Rizwan Muhammad , Chattha Waqas Shafqat , Sarwar Ghulam , Ramzan Yasir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh temperature stress at peak flowering stage of cotton is a major hindrance for crop potential. This study aimed to increase genetic divergence regarding heat tolerance in newly developed cultivars and hybrids. Fifty cotton genotypes and 40 F1(hybrids) were tested under field conditions following the treatments, viz., high temperature stress and control at peak flowering stage in August and October under April and June sowing, respectively.ResultsThe mean squares revealed significant differences among genotypes, treatments, genotype × treatment for relative cell injury, chlorophyll contents, canopy temperature, boll retention and seed cotton yield per plant. The genetic diversity among 50 genotypes was analyzed through cluster analysis and heat susceptibility index (HSI). The heat tolerant genotypes including FH-Noor, NIAB-545, FH-466, FH-Lalazar, FH-458, NIAB-878, IR-NIBGE-8, Weal-AG-Shahkar, and heat sensitive, i.e., CIM-602, Silky-3, FH-326, SLH-12 and FH-442 were hybridized in line × tester fashion to produce F1populations. The breeding materials’ populations (40 F1) revealed higher specific combining ability variances along with dominance variances, decided the non-additive type gene action for all the traits. The best general combining ability effects for most of the traits were displayed by the lines, i.e., FH-Lalazar, NIAB-878 along with testers FH-326 and Silky-3. Specific combining ability effects and better-parent heterosis were showed by the crosses, viz., FH-Lalazar × Silky-3, FH-Lalazar × FH-326, NIAB-878 × Silky-3, and NIAB-878 × FH-326 for seed cotton yield and yield contributing traits under high temperature stress.ConclusionHeterosis breeding should be carried out in the presence of non-additive type gene action for all the studied traits. The best combiner parents with better-parent heterosis may be used in crossing program to develop high yielding cultivars, and hybrids for high temperature stress tolerance.
Real-time fire detection algorithms running on small embedded devices based on MobileNetV3 and YOLOv4
Authors: Zheng Hongtao , Duan Junchen , Dong Yu , Liu Yan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aim
Fires are a serious threat to people’s lives and property. Detecting fires quickly and effectively and extinguishing them in the nascent stage is an effective way to reduce fire hazards. Currently, deep learning-based fire detection algorithms are usually deployed on the PC side.

Methods
After migrating to small embedded devices, the accuracy and speed of recognition are degraded due to the lack of computing power. In this paper, we propose a real-time fire detection algorithm based on MobileNetV3-large and yolov4, replacing CSP Darknet53 in yolov4 with MobileNetV3-large to achieve the initial extraction of flame and smoke features while greatly reducing the computational effort of the network structure. A path connecting PANet was explored on Gbneck(104, 104, 24), while SPP was embedded in the path from MobileNetV3 to PANet to improve the feature extraction capability for small targets; the PANet in yolo4 was improved by combining the BiFPN path fusion method, and the improved PANet further improved the feature extraction capability; the Vision Transformer model is added to the backbone feature extraction network and PANet of the YOLOv4 model to give full play to the model’s multi-headed attention mechanism for pre-processing image features; adding ECA Net to the head network of yolo4 improves the overall recognition performance of the network.

Result
These algorithms run well on PC and reach 95.14% recognition accuracy on the public dataset BoWFire. Finally, these algorithms were migrated to the Jeston Xavier NX platform, and the entire network was quantized and accelerated with the TensorRT algorithm. With the image propagation function of the fire robot, the overall recognition frame rate can reach about 26.13 with high real-time performance while maintaining a high recognition accuracy.

Conclusion
Several comparative experiments have also validated the effectiveness of this paper’s improvements to the YOLOv4 algorithm and the superiority of these structures. With the effective integration of these components, the algorithm shows high accuracy and real-time performance.
Patient safety culture among community pharmacists in Cairo
Authors: Al-Tehewy Mahi , Mohamed Samera , Ammar Noura 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Measuring perception of patient safety culture among pharmacists working in community pharmacies is crucial to identify opportunities and areas that require improvement. The aim of this work is to measure patient safety culture among pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Cairo.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists working in community pharmacies in the center and south regions of Cairo. The Pharmacy Survey on Patient Safety Culture (PSOPSC), developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was used to collect data.

Results
The study included 210 community pharmacies with a 95% response rate. The mean age of pharmacists was 28 ± 5.4 years. The overall positive response percentage (PRP) ranged between 35 and 69% with a mean of 57.4%. The highest PRP was identified in the domains of “teamwork” (68.97%), “organizational learning–continuous improvement” (64.93%) and “patient counseling” (61.83%). The PRP was less than 60% in 6 out of the 11 composites. The lowest PRP was found in the domain of “staffing, work pressure, and pace”, which scored 34.98%.

Conclusion
The study identified areas of patient safety culture that require improvement in community pharmacies, especially in allocating staff, appropriate working hours, and training community pharmacists on the importance and principles of patient safety. The overall mean PRP of patient safety culture among community pharmacists highlights the need to include patient safety as the strategic priority at the level of community pharmacies.
Parental care contributes to vertical transmission of microbes in a skin-feeding and direct-developing caecilian
Authors: Kouete Marcel T. , Bletz Molly C. , LaBumbard Brandon C. , Woodhams Douglas C. , Blackburn David C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundOur current understanding of vertebrate skin and gut microbiomes, and their vertical transmission, remains incomplete as major lineages and varied forms of parental care remain unexplored. The diverse and elaborate forms of parental care exhibited by amphibians constitute an ideal system to study microbe transmission, yet investigations of vertical transmission among frogs and salamanders have been inconclusive. In this study, we assess bacteria transmission inHerpele squalostoma,an oviparous direct-developing caecilian in which females obligately attend juveniles that feed on their mother’s skin (dermatophagy).ResultsWe used 16S rRNA amplicon-sequencing of the skin and gut of wild caughtH. squalostomaindividuals (males, females, including those attending juveniles) as well as environmental samples. Sourcetracker analyses revealed that juveniles obtain an important portion of their skin and gut bacteria communities from their mother. The contribution of a mother’s skin to the skin and gut of her respective juveniles was much larger than that of any other bacteria source. In contrast to males and females not attending juveniles, only the skins of juveniles and their mothers were colonized by bacteria taxa Verrucomicrobiaceae, Nocardioidaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae. In addition to providing indirect evidence for microbiome transmission linked to parental care among amphibians, our study also points to noticeable differences between the skin and gut communities ofH. squalostomaand that of many frogs and salamanders, which warrants further investigation.ConclusionOur study is the first to find strong support for vertical bacteria transmission attributed to parental care in a direct-developing amphibian species. This suggests that obligate parental care may promote microbiome transmission in caecilians.
Mutational signatures for breast cancer diagnosis using artificial intelligence
Authors: Odhiambo Patrick , Okello Harrison , Wakaanya Annette , Wekesa Clabe , Okoth Patrick 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide. Its diagnosis and prognosis remain scanty, imprecise, and poorly documented. Previous studies have indicated that some genetic mutational signatures are suspected to lead to progression of various breast cancer scenarios. There is paucity of data on the role of AI tools in delineating breast cancer mutational signatures. This study sought to investigate the relationship between breast cancer genetic mutational profiles using artificial intelligence models with a view to developing an accurate prognostic prediction based on breast cancer genetic signatures. Prior research on breast cancer has been based on symptoms, origin, and tumor size. It has not been investigated whether diagnosis of breast cancer can be made utilizing AI platforms like Cytoscape, Phenolyzer, and Geneshot with potential for better prognostic power. This is the first ever attempt for a combinatorial approach to breast cancer diagnosis using different AI platforms.

Method
Artificial intelligence (AI) are mathematical algorithms that simulate human cognitive abilities and solve difficult healthcare issues such as complicated biological abnormalities like those experienced in breast cancer scenarios. The current models aimed to predict outcomes and prognosis by correlating imaging phenotypes with genetic mutations, tumor profiles, and hormone receptor status and development of imaging biomarkers that combine tumor and patient-specific features. Geneshotsav 2021, Cytoscape 3.9.1, and Phenolyzer Nature Methods, 12:841–843 (2015) tools, were used to mine breast cancer-associated mutational signatures and provided useful alternative computational tools for discerning pathways and enriched networks of genes of similarity with the overall goal of providing a systematic view of the variety of mutational processes that lead to breast cancer development. The development of novel-tailored pharmaceuticals, as well as the distribution of prospective treatment alternatives, would be aided by the collection of massive datasets and the use of such tools as diagnostic markers.

Results
Specific DNA-maintenance defects, endogenous or environmental exposures, and cancer genomic signatures are connected. The PubMed database (Geneshot) search for the keywords yielded a total of 21,921 genes associated with breast cancer. Then, based on their propensity to result in gene mutations, the genes were screened using the Phenolyzer software. These platforms lend credence to the fact that breast cancer diagnosis using Cytoscape 3.9.1, Phenolyzer, and Geneshot 2021 reveals high profile of the following mutational signatures: BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, CHEK2, PTEN, CDH1, BRIP1, RAD51C, CASP3, CREBBP, and SMAD3.
MR enterography in small bowel diseases, adding multipoint Dixon sequence, is it worth?
Authors: Reda Alaa Mohamed , Saleh Rasha Aly , Elgawish Mahmoud Abdelhamid , Elsharkawy Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
MR enterography (MRE) has been increased in the last decade as a modality of choice in diagnosis and evaluation of small bowel diseases in both children and adults. Lacking ionizing radiation, non-invasiveness, excellent soft tissue resolution, adequate luminal distension of small bowel loops are the advantages of this technique. Acquisition of images was used to be: T2WI, steady-state free precession, and T1WI, fat-suppressed gadolinium contrast-enhanced sequences. Multipoint Dixon sequence was added recently to the routine MR enterography protocol. The current study aimed to evaluate the added value of multipoint Dixon sequence as a valuable modification of MR enterography protocol for better assessment of small bowel lesions as activity of Crohn’s disease, small bowel polyps, fibrotic strictures, with modification of MRE protocol in the future with less time consumption and better radiological evaluation.

Methods
The current research was a prospective cross-sectional study. Data were collected prospectively after getting ethical approval from the ethical committee of the faculty of medicine, in our university.

Study population
The sample size was 69 adult patients with suspected small bowel lesions, within the period from January 2022 to 30th December 2022. Written informed consent was obtained from all studied cases before the study, who were enrolled in this study. This number was calculated by using MedCalc 19 program by setting alpha error significance of 0.05%, 95% confidence level, and 80% power sample.

Results
This study enrolled 69 patients with recurrent abdominal pain and/or bleeding in stool. The patients’ age ranged from 18 to 50 years, with a mean of 32.6 ± 8.8. There is slightly higher female prevalence. The most common positive imaging findings in the studied patients were mucosal thickening in terms of submucosal fat deposition (36.23% of the MRE examination and 39.13% of the MRE with added Dixon sequence). Adding Dixon sequence yielded significantly higher AUC (97.2% vs. 90.5%, p = 0.047), higher sensitivity (100% vs. 92.16%), specificity (94.4% vs. 88.89%), accuracy (98.55% vs. 91.3%), positive predictive value (98.08% vs. 95.92%), and negative predictive value (100% vs. 80%).

Conclusions
MRE is an excellent imaging modality in the assessment of small bowel diseases without the use of ionizing radiation. Developing MR-based sequences as multi-point Dixon sequence have the potential to improve the ability of MRE to image the subtle changes as Crohn’s accompanying early inflammatory changes and fibrosis, as well as small intestinal polyps. Familiarity with MR enterography is essential for radiologists and gastroenterologists who participate in the clinical management of small intestinal diseases.
Evaluation of handgrip strength as a predictor of sarcopenia in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis
Authors: Salama Mohammed Magdy , Bayoumi Essam Mohammed , Sayed Moataz Mohammed , Abdul-Rahman Samia Ahmed , Saleh Shereen Abo Baker , Zaky Ayman Samwel , Mohamed Ghada Abdelrahman 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia, characterised by a loss of muscle strength, quantity/quality, and physical performance, is associated with increased mortality and poor clinical outcomes in patients with liver cirrhosis. The use of the currently accepted methods for estimating muscle mass, such as computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bioelectrical impedance analysis, in routine clinical practice is restricted because of limited availability, radiation exposure, time consumption, or high cost. Therefore, an alternative, simple, safe, reproducible, and financially accessible method for the routine assessment of sarcopenia is needed. Hence, we aim to assess the utility of handgrip strength (HGS) in diagnosing sarcopenia in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis compared to appendicular skeletal muscle index assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA-ASMI). A total of 64 participants older than 18 years were consecutively recruited. The subjects were divided into the following groups: Control group included 32 healthy control subjects, and the HCV-related liver cirrhosis group included 32 patients who were subdivided equally into two subgroups (Child A and Child C) with 16 patients each. All participants were subjected to dominant hand dynamometer and DEXA scan.

Results
The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in the cirrhosis group than in the control group (7.75 ± 1.35 vs. 8.29 ± 1.25 kg/m2, P < 0.001), with increasing prevalence in the Child C class group (P < 0.001). HGS was significantly lower in the Child C group compared to other groups (P < 0.001). Regarding the differentiation of sarcopenic patients, defining HGS using a cutoff of ≤ 28.6 kg has an AUC of 0.879, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 66.7%, PPV of 61.1%, and NPV of 100% (95% CI = 0.715 to 0.967; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Given the low cost, reproducibility, and safety of handgrip strength dynamometry, this is a promising method for both the diagnosis of sarcopenia as well as serial monitoring of muscle function in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis.