bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family and peer ethnic‐racial socialization in adolescents' everyday life: A daily transactional model with ethnic‐racial identity and discrimination
Authors: Wang Yijie , Zhang Youchuan , Wadsworth Hannah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is limited research on ethnic‐racial socialization outside the family context (e.g., in peer groups). Using two‐week, daily data from 177 U.S. ethnic‐racial minority 9th graders in 2017–2020 (Mage = 14.48 years old; 51% females; 52% Black, 20% Latinx, 10% Asian American, 6% Native American, and 12% Other), this study tested a transactional model of family and peer ethnic‐racial socialization, identity, and discrimination. Bidirectional associations were observed between family and peer cultural socialization across days (βs = .09–.10). Peer but not family cultural socialization promoted adolescents' ethnic‐racial identity on the next day (βs = .07–.10). Ethnic‐racial discrimination predicted greater next‐day family ethnic‐racial socialization (cultural socialization, preparation for bias; βs = .08–.11), whereas family and peer ethnic‐racial socialization predicted next‐day discrimination (βs = .11–.18). The differential roles of family and peer ethnic‐racial socialization are discussed.
Co‐Occurrence, Extension, and Social Salience: The Emergence of Indexicality in an Artificial Language
Authors: Li Aini , Roberts Gareth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigated the emergence of sociolinguistic indexicality using an artificial‐language‐learning paradigm. Sociolinguistic indexicality involves the association of linguistic variants with nonlinguistic social or contextual features. Any linguistic variant can acquire “constellations” of such indexical meanings, though they also exhibit an ordering, with first‐order indices associated with particular speaker groups and higher‐order indices targeting stereotypical attributes of those speakers. Much natural‐language research has been conducted on this phenomenon, but little experimental work has focused on how indexicality emerges. Here, we present three miniature artificial‐language experiments designed to break ground on this question. Results show ready formation of first‐order indexicality based on co‐occurrence alone, with higher‐order indexicality emerging as a result of extension to new speaker groups, modulated by the perceived practical importance of the indexed social feature.
Patient‐reported outcomes for older adults on CamAPS FX closed loop system
Authors: Schneider‐Utaka A. K. , Hanes S. , Boughton C. K. , Hartnell S. , Thabit H. , Mubita W. M. , Draxlbauer K. , Poettler T. , Hayes J. , Wilinska M. E. , Mader J. K. , Narendran P. , Leelarathna L. , Evans M. L. , Hovorka R. , Hood K. K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsUse of the CamAPS FX hybrid closed loop (CL) system is associated with improved time in range and glycated haemoglobin A1c across the age span, but little is known about its effects on patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsThis open‐label, randomized, multi‐site study compared CamAPS FX to sensor‐augmented pump (SAP) in a sample of older adults (≥60 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thirty‐five older adults completed PROs surveys at the start of the study and after each period of 16 weeks using either CL or SAP. At the end of the study, 19 participated in interviews about their experiences with CL.ResultsResults examining the 16 weeks of CL use showed that the overall Diabetes Distress Scale score and two subscales (powerlessness and physician distress) improved significantly along with trust on the Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Survey. User experience interview responses were consistent in noting benefits of ‘improved glycaemic control’ and ‘worrying less about diabetes’.ConclusionIn this sample of older adults with T1D who have previously shown glycaemic benefit, there are indicators of improved PROs and subjective user experience benefits.
Political attacks and the undermining of the bureaucracy: The impact on civil servants' well‐being
Authors: Lotta Gabriela , Tavares Gustavo M. , Story Joana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCountries are facing the deterioration of democratic institutions under a process named democratic backsliding. In this context, political attacks on public organizations become more frequent and intense. While previous studies have examined how civil servants counteract and resist political attacks, their ultimate impact on civil servants' well‐being remains underexplored. To shed light on this phenomenon, we conducted an exploratory sequential mixed methods design with civil servants from Brazil. The first phase of the study is qualitative and exploratory. The second is quantitative and we tested if perceived political attacks was associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion, which, in turn, would lead to a greater incidence of physical health symptoms. Both studies provide compelling evidence of the negative impact of political attacks on civil servants' emotional and physical health, which may have significant consequences for the performance of public organizations and the effective functioning of the democracy.
RP58 knockdown contributes to hypoxia‐ischemia‐induced pineal dysfunction and circadian rhythm disruption in neonatal rats
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhang Zubin , Ding Xin , Jiang Xiaolu , Tan Lanlan , Lin Chenjie , Xu Lixiao , Li Gen , Lu Lianghua , Qin Zhenghong , Feng Xing , Li Mei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHypoxia‐ischemia (HI) of the brain not only impairs neurodevelopment but also causes pineal gland dysfunction, which leads to circadian rhythm disruption. However, the underlying mechanism of circadian rhythm disruption associated with HI‐induced pineal dysfunction remains unknown. The zinc finger protein repressor protein with a predicted molecular mass of 58 kDa (RP58) is involved in the development and differentiation of nerve cells. In this study, we established an HI model in neonatal rats to investigate the expression of RP58 and its role in pineal dysfunction and circadian rhythm disruption induced by HI. We demonstrated that RP58 was highly expressed in the pineal gland under normal conditions and significantly downregulated in the pineal gland and primary pinealocytes following HI. Knockdown of RP58 decreased the expression of enzymes in the melatonin (Mel) synthesis pathway (tryptophan hydroxylase 1 [TPH1], acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase [ASMT], and arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase [AANAT]) and clock genes (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput [CLOCK] and brain and muscle ARNT‐like 1 [BMAL1]), and it also reduced the production of Mel, caused pineal cell injury, and disrupted circadian rhythms in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, HI reduced the expression of Mel synthesis enzymes (TPH1, ASMT, and AANAT) and clock genes (CLOCK and BMAL1), and caused pineal injury and circadian rhythm disruption, which were exacerbated by RP58 knockdown. The detrimental effect of RP58 knockdown on pineal dysfunction and circadian rhythm disruption was reversed by the addition of exogenous Mel. Furthermore, exogenous Mel reversed HI‐induced pineal dysfunction and circadian rhythm disruption, as reflected by improvements in Mel production, voluntary activity periods, and activity frequency, as well as a diminished decrease in the expression of Mel synthesis enzymes and clock genes. The present study suggests that RP58 is an endogenous source of protection against pineal dysfunction and circadian rhythm disruption after neonatal HI.
Hyperarousal in insomnia disorder: Current evidence and potential mechanisms
Authors: Dressle Raphael J. , Riemann Dieter 
Published: May 2023

SummaryInsomnia disorder is among the most frequent mental disorders, making research on its aetiology and pathophysiology particularly important. A unifying element of many aetiological and pathophysiological models is that they support or even centre on the role of some form of hyperarousal. In this theoretical review, we aim to summarise the current evidence on hyperarousal in insomnia. Hyperarousal is discussed as a state of relatively increased arousal in physiological, cortical and cognitive‐emotional domains. Regarding physiological hyperarousal, there is no conclusive evidence for the involvement of autonomous variables such as heart rate and heart rate variability, whereas recent evidence points to a pathophysiological role of neuroendocrine variables. In addition, current literature supports a central involvement of cortical arousal, that is, high‐frequency electroencephalographic activity. An increasingly important focus in the literature is on the role of other microstructural sleep parameters, especially the existence of microarousals during sleep. Beyond that, a broad range of evidence exists supporting the role of cognitive‐emotional hyperarousal in the form of insomnia‐related thought and worries, and their concomitant emotional symptoms. Besides being a state marker of insomnia, hyperarousal is considered crucial for the predisposition to insomnia and for the development of comorbid mental disorders. Thus, beyond presenting evidence from cross‐sectional studies on markers of hyperarousal in insomnia, hypotheses about the mechanisms of hyperarousal are presented. Nevertheless, longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate the mechanism of hyperarousal throughout the course of the disorder, and future studies should also focus on similarities and differences in hyperarousal across different diagnostic entities.
Alcohol‐related liver disease phenotype impacts survival after an acute variceal bleeding episode
Authors: Villagrasa Ares , Hernández‐Gea Virginia , Bataller Ramon , Giráldez Álvaro , Procopet Bogdan , Amitrano Lucio , Villanueva Candid , Thabut Dominique , Ibañez‐Samaniego Luis , Albillos Agustin , Bureau Christophe , Trebicka Jonel , Llop Elba , Laleman Wim , Palazon J. M. , Castellote Jose , Rodrigues Susana , Gluud Lise L. , Ferreira Carlos N. , Cañete Nuria , Rodríguez Manuel , Ferlitsch Arnulf , Mundi Jose L. , Gronbaek Henning , Hernández‐Guerra Manuel , Sassatelli Romano , Dell'Era Alessandra , Senzolo Marco , Abraldes Juan G. , Zipprich Alexander , Casas Meritxell , Masnou Helena , Primignani Massimo , Krag Aleksander , Silva‐Junior Gilberto , Romero‐Gómez Manuel , Tantau Marcel , Guardascione Maria A. , Alvarado Edilmar , Rudler Marika , Bañares Rafael , Martinez Javier , Robic Marie A. , Jansen Christian , Calleja Jose L. , Nevens Frederik , Bosch Jaime , Ventura‐Cots Meritxell , García‐Pagan Juan C. , Genescà Joan ,   for the International Variceal Bleeding Observational Study Group; Baveno Cooperation
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsAlcohol‐related hepatitis (AH) encompasses a high mortality. AH might be a concomitant event in patients with acute variceal bleeding (AVB). The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of AH in patients with AVB and to compare the clinical outcomes of AH patients to other alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) phenotypes and viral cirrhosis.MethodsMulticentre, observational study including 916 patients with AVB falling under the next categories: AH (n = 99), ALD cirrhosis actively drinking (d‐ALD) (n = 285), ALD cirrhosis abstinent from alcohol (a‐ALD) (n = 227) and viral cirrhosis (n = 305). We used a Cox proportional hazards model to calculate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of death adjusted by MELD.ResultsThe prevalence of AH was 16% considering only ALD patients. AH patients exhibited more complications. Forty‐two days transplant‐free survival was worse among AH, but statistical differences were only observed between AH and d‐ALD groups (84 vs. 93%; p = 0.005), when adjusted by MELD no differences were observed between AH and the other groups. At one‐year, survival of AH patients (72.7%) was similar to the other groups; when adjusted by MELD mortality HR was better in AH compared to a‐ALD (0.48; 0.29–0.8, p = 0.004). Finally, active drinkers who remained abstinent presented better survival, independently of having AH.ConclusionsContrary to expected, AH patients with AVB present no worse one‐year survival than other patients with different alcohol‐related phenotypes or viral cirrhosis. Abstinence influences long‐term survival and could explain these counterintuitive results.
TAF15 exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation via FASN and p65 NF‐κB
Authors: Yang Suzhen , Xu Bing , Han Yuying , Jiang MingZuo , Luo Tingting , Wu Nan , Cao Jiayi , Zheng Ying , Shen Lin , Qin Wen , Shi Haitao , Dong Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) consists of a broad spectrum of conditions, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the advanced form of NAFLD. TAF15 is a DNA and RNA binding protein and is involved in crucial inflammatory signalling pathways. We aimed to investigate the role of TAF15 in the progression of NASH and the underlying molecular mechanism.MethodsWe generated mice with hepatocyte‐specific knockdown and overexpression of TAF15 using a specific adeno‐associated virus (AAV). NASH models were established by feeding mice high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diets and methionine‐ and choline‐deficient diets. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the effect of TAF15 on FASN transcription. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to explore the interaction of TAF15 and p65. In vitro coculture systems were established to study the interactions of hepatocytes, macrophages and HSCs.ResultsTAF15 was significantly increased in the livers of mouse NASH models and primary hepatocyte NASH model. Knockdown of TAF15 inhibited steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, while overexpression of TAF15 promoted NASH phenotypes. Mechanistically, TAF15 bound directly to the promoter region of FASN to facilitate its expression, thereby promoting steatosis. Moreover, TAF15 interacted with p65 and activated the NF‐κB signalling pathway, increasing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and triggering M1 macrophage polarization. Treatment with the FASN inhibitor orlistat partially reversed the phenotypes.ConclusionsThese results suggested that TAF15 exacerbated NASH progression by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation via transcriptional activation of FASN and interacting with p65 to activate the NF‐κB signalling pathway.
Philosophy, writing, and liberation
Authors: Shusterman Richard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn responding to the three creative interpretive discussions in the symposium on my book Philosophy and the Art of Writing, this paper explores the different styles of philosophical discourse and their role in the practice of philosophy as a way of life that extends beyond the discursive and that combines self‐cultivation with care for others in the ethical‐aesthetic pursuit of living beauty. In advocating this aesthetic model of philosophical life over a purely therapeutic model, I suggest how the former can incorporate the latter's concerns for spiritual health and liberation. In developing my response to the symposiasts while elaborating on the themes of my book, I consider issues of ineffability, creative performance, embodiment, truth, heroism, vulnerability, possession, art, spirituality, love, and liberation.
Automatic method based on deep learning to identify and account Rhipicephalus microplus larval hatching
Authors: Santos Igor S. , Tavares Caio P. , Klafke Guilherme M. , Reck José , Monteiro Caio M. O. , Prata Marcia Cristina A. , Golo Patrícia S. , Silva Aristófanes C. , Costa‐Junior Livio M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReports of Rhipicephalus microplus resistant populations worldwide have increased extensively, making it difficult to control this ectoparasite. The adult immersion test, commonly used to screen for acaricide resistance, produces the results only after 40 days of the tick collection because it needs the eggs to be laid and larvae to hatch. The present study aims to develop an automatic method, based on deep learning, to predict the hatching of R. microplus larva based on egg morphology. Initially, the time course of embryonic development of tick eggs was performed to discriminate between viable and non‐viable eggs. Secondly, using artificial intelligence deep learning techniques, a method was developed to classify and count the eggs. The larval hatching rate of three populations of R. microplus was evaluated for the software validation process. Groups of three and six images of eggs with 12 days of embryonic development were submitted to the software to predict the larval hatching percent automatically. The results obtained by the software were compared with the prediction results of the hatching percentage performed manually by the specialist and with the results of the hatching percentage of larvae obtained in the biological assay. The group with three images of each population submitted to the software for automatic prediction of the larval hatching percent presented mean values of 96.35% ± 3.33 (Piracanjuba population), 95.98% ± 3.5 (Desterro population) and 0.0% ± 0.0 (Barbalha population). For groups with six images, the values were 94.41% ± 3.84 (Piracanjuba population), 95.93% ± 2.36 (Desterro population) and 0.0% ± 0.0 (Barbalha population). Biological assays showed the following hatching percentage values: 98% ± 1.73 (Piracanjuba population); 96% ± 2.1 (Desterro population); and 0.14% ± 0.25 (Barbalha population). There was no statistical difference between the evaluated methods. The automatic method for predicting the hatching percentage of R. microplus larvae was validated and proved to be effective, with considerable reduction in time to obtain results.
Civil servant tactics for realizing transition tasks understanding the microdynamics of transformative government
Authors: Braams Rik B. , Wesseling Joeri H. , Meijer Albert J. , Hekkert Marko P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe transition literature argues that governments have an essential role in facilitating societal transitions. The current paper aims to provide a theoretical and empirical understanding of this government role by analyzing the work of entrepreneurial civil servants. These civil servants try to execute transition tasks but are often resisted by their colleagues who invoke dominant traditions in Public Administration. This raises the question of how they deal with this resistance and manage to execute government transition tasks. We introduce a heuristic rounds‐model to understand the interplay between contestation and responses. Due to its subsequent rounds, the model shows ongoing tactical work navigating opposition and uncovers the tactics' temporariness and their capacity to backfire. We illustrate the value of the heuristic model by analyzing the clash between opposing rationalities and the change agents' continuous tactical adjustment in our case study on “Mobility as a Service” in the Netherlands.
Increasing the margin of patient safety for periodontal and implant treatments: The role of human factors
Authors: Renouard Franck , Renouard Erell , Rendón Alexandra , Pinsky Harold M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarly complications following periodontal and dental implant surgeries are typically attributed to technique or poor biological response, ignoring the possibility of the human element. Interestingly, significant experience is not correlated with increased success, whereas evidence supports the impact of clinical behavior on patient outcome. This is the result of errors, much like those scrutinized in other high‐risk technical fields, such as aviation. What can be surprising is that those who make these errors are very well acquainted with best practices. Given this, how is it possible for the conscientious practitioner to fail to apply protocols that are nonetheless very well known? Recently, the concepts of human and organizational factors have been translated to medicine, though dentistry has been slow to recognize their potential benefit. This review lists specific human factor behaviors, such as use of checklists and crew resource management, which might improve postsurgical outcome.
Attenuation of visual exploration following stress
Authors: Guy Nitzan , Azulay Hagar , Pertzov Yoni , Israel Salomon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen we explore our surroundings, we frequently move our gaze to collect visual information. Studies have extensively examined gaze behavior in response to different visual scenes. Here, we examined how differences in an individual's state may affect visual exploration, for example, following acute stress. In this study, participants were exposed to either a psychosocial stressor—performing a public speaking task in front of a two‐person committee—or a control condition absent stress induction. Elicitation of stress responses was validated using cortisol levels and subjective reports. Stress also led to an extended increase in pupil diameter (a proxy of arousal responses), suggesting it may also affect eye movements. Gaze behavior measures were taken prior and following the stress or control tasks. Acute stress attenuated visual exploration, reflected by fewer saccades and a smaller scanned area. Stress did not have a significant effect on either the tendency to look at social features or at salient regions of the images. These findings diverge from theoretical predictions suggesting that acute stress may facilitate social affiliative behaviors (e.g., Tend‐and‐Befriend theory). Reduced saccades and a smaller scanned area may be a possible mechanism explaining previous reports showing stress‐related effects on various cognitive processes (e.g., visual working memory) that rely on visual exploration.
Trailer allocation and truck routing using bipartite graph assignment and deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Kalantari Saeid , Safarzadeh Ramhormozi Reza , Wang Yunli , Sun Sun , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTrailer allocation and truck routing are critical components of truck transportation management. However, in real‐world applications, inter‐influence between selecting the best trailers and trucks, strict fulfillment of Pickup or Delivery (PD) orders, and the size of the fleet are some of the challenges that need to be dealt with in a large truck company. In addition, trailer allocation and truck routing problems are considered to be NP‐hard combinatorial optimization (CO) problems. Therefore, we use deep reinforcement learning (DRL), which has the capability of solving routing problems with a single set of hyperparameters. This is significant progress toward finding strong heuristics for a special case of the trailer allocation to customers and truck routing problem presented in this article. Given a set of trailers, trucks, customers, and orders we propose a novel two‐phase framework based on Bipartite Graph Assignment (BGA) and attention‐based DRL to minimize the total traveling distance traveled from trucks to trailers and then to customers. The BGA heuristic finds the minimum traveling distance from the trailers to the customers based on the edge information and the encoder‐decoder helps DRL to get useful node and graph feature representations and trains the model to find the proper solutions for the trailer allocation and truck routing problem. Our experiments on three different problem sizes showcase the effectiveness of ARTT‐DRL. The results indicate that ARTT‐DRL produces desirable outcomes and has strong generalization capabilities.