bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildfires offset the increasing but spatially heterogeneous Arctic–boreal CO2 uptake
Authors: Virkkala Anna-Maria , Rogers Brendan M. , Watts Jennifer D. , Arndt Kyle A. , Potter Stefano , Wargowsky Isabel , Schuur Edward A. G. , See Craig R. , Mauritz Marguerite , Boike Julia , Bret-Harte M. Syndonia , Burke Eleanor J. , Burrell Arden , Chae Namyi , Chatterjee Abhishek , Chevallier Frederic , Christensen Torben R. , Commane Roisin , Dolman Han , Edgar Colin W. , Elberling Bo , Emmerton Craig A. , Euskirchen Eugenie S. , Feng Liang , Göckede Mathias , Grelle Achim , Helbig Manuel , Holl David , Järveoja Järvi , Karsanaev Sergey V. , Kobayashi Hideki , Kutzbach Lars , Liu Junjie , Luijkx Ingrid T. , López-Blanco Efrén , Lunneberg Kyle , Mammarella Ivan , Marushchak Maija E. , Mastepanov Mikhail , Matsuura Yojiro , Maximov Trofim C. , Merbold Lutz , Meyer Gesa , Nilsson Mats B. , Niwa Yosuke , Oechel Walter , Palmer Paul I. , Park Sang-Jong , Parmentier Frans-Jan W. , Peichl Matthias , Peters Wouter , Petrov Roman , Quinton William , Rödenbeck Christian , Sachs Torsten , Schulze Christopher , Sonnentag Oliver , St. Louis Vincent L. , Tuittila Eeva-Stiina , Ueyama Masahito , Varlagin Andrej , Zona Donatella , Natali Susan M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Arctic–Boreal Zone is rapidly warming, impacting its large soil carbon stocks. Here we use a new compilation of terrestrial ecosystem CO2 fluxes, geospatial datasets and random forest models to show that although the Arctic–Boreal Zone was overall an increasing terrestrial CO2 sink from 2001 to 2020 (mean ± standard deviation in net ecosystem exchange, −548 ± 140 Tg C yr−1; trend, −14 Tg C yr−1; P < 0.001), more than 30% of the region was a net CO2 source. Tundra regions may have already started to function on average as CO2 sources, demonstrating a shift in carbon dynamics. When fire emissions are factored in, the increasing Arctic–Boreal Zone sink is no longer statistically significant (budget, −319 ± 140 Tg C yr−1; trend, −9 Tg C yr−1), and the permafrost region becomes CO2 neutral (budget, −24 ± 123 Tg C yr−1; trend, −3 Tg C yr−1), underscoring the importance of fire in this region.
Limited accountability and awareness of corporate emissions target outcomes
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyan , Kim Shawn , Lu Shirley 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Firms are increasingly announcing targets to reduce their carbon emissions, but it is unclear whether firms are held accountable for these targets. Here we examine emissions targets that ended in 2020 to investigate the final target outcomes, the transparency of target outcomes and potential consequences for missed emissions targets. A total of 1,041 firms had emissions targets ending in 2020, of which 88 (9%) failed and 320 (31%) disappeared. We find limited accountability and low awareness of the target outcomes. Only three of the failed firms are covered by the media. After a firm fails its 2020 emissions target, we do not observe significant market reaction, changes in media sentiment, environmental scores and environment-related shareholder proposals. In contrast, initial announcements of these 2020 emissions targets are rewarded with significant improvements in media sentiment and environmental scores. Our findings raise concerns for the accountability of emissions targets ending in 2030 and 2050.
Insights from a century of data reveal global trends in ex situ living plant collections
Authors: Cano Ángela , Powell Jake , Aiello Anthony S. , Andersen Heidi Lie , Arbour Thomas , Balzer Aleisha , Bauer Dennise Stefan , Bugarchich Jeremy , Cano Fernando , Contreras Maria Paula , Cubey Robert , Czajkowski Ignacio , Diaz-Toribio Milton H. , Freeth Thomas , Freyre Nicolas , Gardner Martin F. , Griffith M. Patrick , Gustafsson A. Lovisa S. , Havström Mats , Hockley Leslie R. , Hollingsworth Peter M. , Jørgensen Tina , Kindl Kristen , Kirkwood Donovan , Larpin Denis , Lofthus Øystein , Löhne Cornelia , López-Villalobos Adriana , Luscombe Dan , Molloy Dermot , Morales-Rozo Clara , Nāburga Inese , Nebot Anna , Neinhuis Christoph , Newlander Cindy S. , Ossaer Joke , Payton Greg , Peter Jon , Puente Martinez Raul , Scheen Anne-Cathrine , Scherberich David , Senekal Anna Maria , Shearman Clare , Siemon John , Socher Stephanie A. , Sucher Rebecca , Summers Alex , Tucker Lima Joanna M. , Vry Alison , Wong Jessica , Wrigley Damian , You Frédéric , Brockington Samuel F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ex situ living plant collections play a crucial role in providing nature-based solutions to twenty-first century global challenges. However, the complex dynamics of these artificial ecosystems are poorly quantified and understood, affecting biodiversity storage, conservation and utilization. To evaluate the management of ex situ plant diversity, we analysed a century of data comprising 2.2 million records, from a meta-collection currently holding ~500,000 accessions and 41% of global ex situ species diversity. Our study provides critical insights into the historical evolution, current state and future trajectory of global living collections. We reveal sigmoidal growth of a meta-collection that has reached capacity in both total accessions and total diversity, and identify intrinsic constraints on biodiversity management, including a median survival probability of 15 years. We explore the impact of external constraints and quantify the influence of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which we link to reduced acquisition of wild-origin and internationally sourced material by 44% and 38%, respectively. We further define the impact of these constraints on ex situ conservation but highlight targeted initiatives that successfully mitigate these challenges. Ultimately, our study underscores the urgent need for strategic prioritization and the re-evaluation of ex situ biodiversity management to achieve both scientific and conservation goals.
ON–OFF nanopores for optical control of transmembrane ionic communication
Authors: Wang Xingzao , Kerckhoffs Aidan , Riexinger Jorin , Cornall Matthew , Langton Matthew J. , Bayley Hagan , Qing Yujia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nanoscale photoswitchable proteins could facilitate precise spatiotemporal control of transmembrane communication and support studies in synthetic biology, neuroscience and bioelectronics. Here, through covalent modification of the α-haemolysin protein pore with arylazopyrazole photoswitches, we produced ‘photopores’ that transition between iontronic resistor and diode modes in response to irradiation at orthogonal wavelengths. In the diode mode, a low-leak OFF-state nanopore exhibits a reversible increase in unitary conductance of more than 20-fold upon irradiation at 365 nm. A rectification ratio of >5 was achieved with photopores in the diode state by either direct or alternating voltage input. Unlike conventional electronic phototransistors with intensity-dependent photoelectric responses, the photopores regulated current output solely based on the wavelength(s) of monochromatic or dual-wavelength irradiation. Dual-wavelength irradiation at various relative intensities allowed graded adjustment of the photopore conductance. By using these properties, photonic signals encoding text or graphic messages were converted into ionic signals, highlighting the potential applications of photopores as components of smart devices in synthetic biology.
Comprehensive evaluation of pure and hybrid collaborative filtering in drug repurposing
Authors: Réda Clémence , Vie Jill-Jênn , Wolkenhauer Olaf 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Drug development is known to be a costly and time-consuming process, which is prone to high failure rates. Drug repurposing allows drug discovery by reusing already approved compounds. The outcomes of past clinical trials can be used to predict novel drug-disease associations by leveraging drug- and disease-related similarities. To tackle this classification problem, collaborative filtering with implicit feedback (and potentially additional data on drugs and diseases) has become popular. It can handle large imbalances between negative and positive known associations and known and unknown associations. However, properly evaluating the improvement over the state of the art is challenging, as there is no consensus approach to compare models. We propose a reproducible methodology for comparing collaborative filtering-based drug repurposing. We illustrate this method by comparing 11 models from the literature on eight diverse drug repurposing datasets. Based on this benchmark, we derive guidelines to ensure a fair and comprehensive evaluation of the performance of those models. In particular, an uncontrolled bias on unknown associations might lead to severe data leakage and a misestimation of the model’s true performance. Moreover, in drug repurposing, the ability of a model to extrapolate beyond its training distribution is crucial and should also be assessed. Finally, we identified a subcategory of collaborative filtering that seems efficient and robust to distribution shifts. Benchmarks constitute an essential step towards increased reproducibility and more accessible development of competitive drug repurposing methods.
Streptokinase is dispensable in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis infections of human dendritic cells
Authors: Folz Katharina E. , Siemens Nikolai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, increased numbers of severe Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) infections, including necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs), have been reported. One of the main virulence factors of SDSE is streptokinase (Ska). Ska promotes bacterial spread in the tissue through Ska-plasminogen interactions and subsequent activation of plasminogen to plasmin. In this study, the impact of streptokinase on SDSE infections of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) was investigated. MoDCs were infected with SDSE strain S118 and its isogenic mutant lacking streptokinase. All infections were performed with and without human serum to compare direct Ska-mediated as well as plasmin activity-related effects. Intracellular killing kinetics, moDC viability and maturation, as well as the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Irrespective of the strain and experimental conditions, the bacteria were equally phagocytosed and killed. MoDCs remained viable, readily matured and secreted equal amounts of cytokines in response to S118 as well as S118Δska infections. Our data demonstrate that moDCs response to SDSE infections is not affected by Ska or its respective plasminogen activating function.
Uncovering narrative aging: an underlying neural mechanism compensated through spatial constructional ability
Authors: Li Yumeng , Zhang Junying , Li Xin , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
“The narrative” is a complex cognitive process that has sparked a debate on whether its features age through maintenance or decline. To address this question, we attempted to uncover the narrative aging and its underlying neural characteristics with a cross-validation based cognitive neuro-decoding statistical framework. This framework used a total of 740 healthy older participants with completed narrative and extensive neuropsychological tests and MRI scans. The results indicated that narrative comprises macro and micro structures, with the macrostructure involving complex cognitive processes more relevant to aging. For the brain functional basis, brain hub nodes contributing to macrostructure were predominantly found in the angular gyrus and medial frontal lobe, while microstructure hub nodes were located in the supramarginal gyrus and middle cingulate cortex. Moreover, networks enriched by macrostructure included the default mode network and fronto-parietal network, indicating a higher functional gradient compared to the microstructure-enriched dorsal attention network. Additionally, an interesting finding showed that macrostructure increases in spatial contribution with age, suggesting a compensatory interaction where brain regions related to spatial-constructional ability have a greater impact on macrostructure. These results, supported by neural-level validation and multimodal structural MRI, provide detailed insights into the compensatory effect in the narrative aging process.
What large language models know and what people think they know
Authors: Steyvers Mark , Tejeda Heliodoro , Kumar Aakriti , Belem Catarina , Karny Sheer , Hu Xinyue , Mayer Lukas W. , Smyth Padhraic 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As artificial intelligence systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), become increasingly integrated into decision-making processes, the ability to trust their outputs is crucial. To earn human trust, LLMs must be well calibrated such that they can accurately assess and communicate the likelihood of their predictions being correct. Whereas recent work has focused on LLMs’ internal confidence, less is understood about how effectively they convey uncertainty to users. Here we explore the calibration gap, which refers to the difference between human confidence in LLM-generated answers and the models’ actual confidence, and the discrimination gap, which reflects how well humans and models can distinguish between correct and incorrect answers. Our experiments with multiple-choice and short-answer questions reveal that users tend to overestimate the accuracy of LLM responses when provided with default explanations. Moreover, longer explanations increased user confidence, even when the extra length did not improve answer accuracy. By adjusting LLM explanations to better reflect the models’ internal confidence, both the calibration gap and the discrimination gap narrowed, significantly improving user perception of LLM accuracy. These findings underscore the importance of accurate uncertainty communication and highlight the effect of explanation length in influencing user trust in artificial-intelligence-assisted decision-making environments.
Vital signs-based healthcare kiosks for screening chronic and infectious diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Bhutani Saksham , Alian Aymen , Fletcher Richard Ribon , Bomberg Hagen , Eichenberger Urs , Menon Carlo , Elgendi Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Increasing demands, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have presented substantial challenges to global healthcare systems, resulting in staff shortages and overcrowded emergency rooms. Health kiosks have emerged as a promising solution to improve overall efficiency and healthcare accessibility. However, although kiosks are commonly used worldwide for access to information and financial services, the health kiosk industry, valued at $800 million, accounts for just 1.9% of the $42 billion global kiosk market. This review aims to bridge the research-to-practice gap by examining the development of health kiosk technology from 2013 to 2023.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search across PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar databases, identifying 5,537 articles, with 36 studies meeting inclusion criteria for detailed analysis. We evaluated each study based on kiosk purpose, targeted diseases, measured vital signs, and user demographics, along with an assessment of limitations in participant selection and data reporting.

Results
The findings reveal that blood pressure is the most frequently measured vital sign, utilized in 34% of the studies. Furthermore, cardiovascular disease detection emerges as the primary motivation in 56% of the included studies. The United States, India, and the United Kingdom are notable contributors, accounting for 43% of the reviewed articles. Our assessment reveals considerable limitations in participant selection and data reporting in many studies. Additionally, several research gaps remain, including a lack of performance testing, user experience evaluation, clinical intervention, development standardization, and inadequate sanitization protocols.

Conclusions
This review highlights health kiosks’ potential to ease the burden on healthcare system and expand accessibility. However, widespread adoption is hindered by technical, regulatory, and financial challenges. Addressing these barriers could enable health kiosks to play a greater role in early disease detection and healthcare delivery.
High CDC20 levels increase sensitivity of cancer cells to MPS1 inhibitors
Authors: Zheng Siqi , Raz Linoy , Zhou Lin , Cohen-Sharir Yael , Tian Ruifang , Ippolito Marica Rosaria , Gianotti Sara , Saad Ron , Wardenaar Rene , Broekhuis Mathilde , Suarez Peredo Rodriguez Maria , Wobben Soraya , van den Brink Anouk , Bakker Petra , Santaguida Stefano , Foijer Floris , Ben-David Uri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibitors are a recently developed class of drugs, which perturb chromosome segregation during cell division, induce chromosomal instability (CIN), and eventually lead to cell death. The molecular features that determine cellular sensitivity to these drugs are not fully understood. We recently reported that aneuploid cancer cells are preferentially sensitive to SAC inhibition. Here we report that sensitivity to SAC inhibition by MPS1 inhibitors is largely driven by the expression of CDC20, a main mitotic activator of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C), and that the effect of CDC20 is larger than that of the APC/C itself. Mechanistically, we discovered that CDC20 depletion prolongs metaphase duration, diminishes mitotic errors, and reduces sensitivity to SAC inhibition. We found that aneuploid cells express higher basal levels of CDC20, which shortens the duration of metaphase and leads to multiple mitotic errors, resulting in increased long-term sensitivity to the additional CIN induced by SAC inhibition. Our findings propose high CDC20 expression as a molecular feature associated with the sensitivity to SAC inhibition therapy and as a potential aneuploidy-induced cellular vulnerability.
Quantifying Tinnitus Perception Improvement: Deriving the Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the Minimum Masking Level
Authors: Jin Tae-Jun , Lee Sumin , Lee Donghyeok , Jin In-Ki 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Tools that can reliably measure changes in the perception of tinnitus following interventions are lacking. The minimum masking level, defined as the lowest level at which tinnitus is completely masked, is a candidate for quantifying changes in tinnitus perception. In this study, we aimed to determine minimal clinically important differences for minimum masking level.

Method:
A 3-month tinnitus intervention combining counseling and sound therapy was conducted in 74 participants with chronic tinnitus. Minimum masking levels were measured at baseline and 3 months. The clinical global impression was evaluated at 3 months to measure changes in participants' self-perception of tinnitus. The minimal clinically important difference of the minimum masking level was calculated using anchored-based, effect size, standard error measurement, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results:
The minimal clinically important difference analysis of the minimum masking level yielded a −5.5 dB SL from the receiver operating characteristic curve, a −8.1 dB SL from the standard error measurement, a −9.2 dB SL from the effect size, and a −10.3 dB SL from the anchor-based analysis. Of these, the minimal clinically important difference value with optimized sensitivity (.704) and specificity (.957) was a −5.5 dB SL, determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Conclusions:
The proposed minimal clinically important difference value of the minimum masking level (−5.5 dB SL) provides a good level of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the minimum masking level may be an alternative for measuring changes in tinnitus perception.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28156229
Location of grid forming converters when dealing with multi‐class stability problems
Authors: Fernandes Francisco , Lopes João Peças , Moreira Carlos 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis work proposes an innovative methodology for the optimal placement of grid‐forming converters (GFM) in converter‐dominated grids while accounting for multiple stability classes. A heuristic‐based methodology is proposed to solve an optimisation problem whose objective function encompasses up to 4 stability indices obtained through the simulation of a shortlist of disturbances. The proposed methodology was employed in a modified version of the 39‐bus test system, using DigSILENT Power Factory as the simulation engine. First, the GFM placement problem is solved individually for the different stability classes to highlight the underlying physical phenomena that explain the optimality of the solutions and evidence the need for a multi‐class approach. Second, a multi‐class approach that combines the different stability indices through linear scalarisation (weights), using the normalised distance of each index to its limit as a way to define its importance, is adopted. For all the proposed fitness function formulations, the method successfully converged to a balanced solution among the various stability classes, thereby enhancing overall system stability.
Electrohydraulic effect of microsecond pulsed discharge in transformer oils
Authors: Wang Hang , Zhang Cheng , Wang Zhuofei , Zhang Shuai , Guo Kaihang , Shao Tao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe physical process of microsecond pulsed discharge in transformer oil is the foundation for studying the initial mechanics of faults in ultra‐high voltage transformers. However, the microsecond‐scale electrohydraulic effect in transformer oil has not been investigated yet. In this paper, the shock wave and bubble generated by microsecond pulsed discharge in transformer oil between needle‐needle electrodes are studied using a Schlieren system with a high‐speed camera. The results show that the discharge channel in the 0.1 mm oil gap forms in 9.50 µs when the streamer and the first shock wave are observed. The bubble between electrodes expands in the subsequent 218.50 µs. Then, the bubble collapses when the second shock wave is observed. The velocities of the first and the second shock wave are 1388.16 and 1465.46 m/s, respectively. With the gap distance increase, all the breakdown voltage, the discharge energy, and the ratio of the mechanical energy to total energy increase, the breakdown current, the acceleration of the container wall, and the velocity of the shock wave decrease. It can be concluded that the first shock wave is generated by the streamer of microsecond pulsed discharge and the second shock wave is induced by the rapid density change due to the bubble collapsing.