bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival Strategies for Nigerian Youths
Authors: Uzoamaka Ndubuisi-Okolo Purity , Nwagbala Stella Chinelo 
Published: March 2023

Honestly speaking, Nigeria is blessed with abundant natural, human and material resources yet her citizens are suffering tremendously especially the youths. This is caused by bad leadership cum lackadaisical attitudes orchestrated by greedy and disgruntled politicians. The conspicuous immediate effect is that the poor are getting poorer while the rich are getting richer on daily basis. It is also obvious that there are problems already on ground in the country ranging from social problems (poverty, unemployment, unequal opportunity, racism, crime, cultism, terrorism, human trafficking, employment discrimination and malnutrition), religious bigotry, economic quagmire, political to environmental problems. These existing problems have done more harm than good especially on the parts of our youths at present. Our youths have resorted to banditry, kidnapping, ritual killings, prostitution, terrorism, child trafficking, yahoo yahoo plus and other innumerable nefarious acts as a result alarming rate of unemployment in the country. This paper unequivocally x-rays the survival strategies for Nigerian youths amidst obstacles in Nigeria. Also, it exposes some of the barriers that could militate against survival strategies. This paper is purely conceptual in nature. The survival strategies include POS Business, Graphic Designs, Food Community Business, Home Lessons, Writing and Selling of E-Books, Home Cleaning Services, Affiliate Marketing e.t.c. while the barriers include Negative Mindset, Pride(the killer of destiny),paucity of vision and faith, religious fraud. We concluded that Nigerian Youths need to desist from seeking white collar jobs to creating viable jobs for themselves and others via the entrepreneurial activities deliberated on so far. We, therefore, recommend and encourage youths to just positively do what they can with all they have, wherever they are and the sky will be their stepping stones.
Engineering Biofouling Resistant Materials Through the Systematic Adaptation of Surface Morphology
Authors: Sadler Emma , Stephen Abish S. , Allaker Robert P. , Crick Colin R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith increasing numbers of antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacteria strains, it becomes essential that new and effective routes to minimizing bacterial infection rates are produced. Superhydrophobic materials show to be effective in reducing the attachment of bacteria due to their unique wetting properties which can minimize the points at which bacteria can initially adhere. Here, the impact of surface design on the anti‐biofouling capabilities of superhydrophobic pillared arrays prepared via photolithography is investigated. By systematically varying pillar spacing, insight is gained into the complex nature of superhydrophobic fouling as well as allowing for optimization of the antifouling performance. The optimal material within is achieved at a pillar spacing of 87.5 µm, which shows over a 3‐log (and gt; 99.9%) reduction in bacterial attachment.
Precision livestock farming applied to grazingland monitoring and management—A review
Authors: Bretas Igor L. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , Cruz Priscila J. R. , Oduor Kenneth T. , Queiroz Luana D. , Valente Domingos S. M. , Chizzotti Fernanda H. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo meet the expected demand for food while protecting animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and profitability, animal production efficiency must improve. Improvements in grazinglands management techniques can impact livestock production efficiency. The current stage of artificial intelligence development, mainly machine learning techniques, remote sensing (RS), and precision agriculture technologies, automatizes data collection and raises the monitoring capacity to support on‐farm decision‐making. This literature review presents current developments in precision livestock farming (PLF) applied to grazinglands monitoring and management, demonstrates some knowledge gaps, and discusses potential solutions of grazinglands management issues. Although the implementation of precision technologies in grazing systems is advancing rapidly, challenges, such as lack of reliable reference data and low variability of datasets used to calibrate models, are examples of constraints to be addressed in future studies. More effort in terms of relationship strengthening between farmers and researchers, benefits elucidation, cooperation among professionals with different expertise, and software or app development must be directed to make the knowledge accessible and largely implemented in field conditions.
Skeletal manifestations of disease experience: Length of illness and porous cranial lesion formation in a contemporary juvenile mortality sample
Authors: O'Donnell Lexi , Buikstra Jane E. , Hill Ethan C. , Anderson Amy S. , O'Donnell Michael J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesPorous lesions of the orbit (cribra orbitalia [CO]) and cranial vault (porotic hyperostosis [PH]) are used as skeletal indicators of childhood stress. Because they are understudied in contemporary populations, their relationship to disease experience is poorly understood. This paper examines the relationship between length of childhood illness and CO/PH formation in a clinically documented sample. “Turning points,” which identify the window for lesion formation for CO/PH, are defined, implications for hidden heterogeneity in frailty are considered.MethodsData are from 333 (199 males; 134 females) pediatric postmortem computed tomography scans. Individuals died in New Mexico (2011–2019) and are 0.5 to 15.99 years (mean = 7.1). Length of illness was estimated using information from autopsy and field reports. Logistic regression was used to estimate predicted probabilities, odds ratios, and the temporal window for lesion formation.ResultsIllness, single bouts, or cumulative episodes lasting over 1 month is associated with higher odds of CO; individuals who were never sick have lower odds of having PH. This relationship was consistent for fatal and incidental illnesses that did not cause death. The developmental window for CO formation appears to close at 8 years.ConclusionsThose ill for over 1 month are more likely to have CO/PH than those with acute illnesses. Some individuals lived sufficiently long to form CO/PH but died of illness. Others with lesions died of circumstances unrelated to disease. This indicates hidden variation in robusticity even among ill individuals with CO/PH, which is vital in interpreting lesion frequencies in the archeological record.
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of γ,δ‐Unsaturated Quaternary α‐Amino Esters via the Tandem N‐Alkylation/Claisen Rearrangement of α‐Imino Allylesters
Authors: Mizota Isao , Fukaya Toshikazu , Miwa Yumi , Kobayashi Yoshinari , Ejima Tomoki , Yamaguchi Mizuki , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: March 2023

Abstractγ,δ‐Unsaturated amino acids are the backbone of various natural products and pharmaceuticals, while quaternary α‐amino acids are also powerful enzyme inhibitors, and both are very important compounds in bioorganic chemistry. A highly efficient synthesis of γ,δ‐unsaturated quaternary amino esters utilizing the tandem umpolung/Claisen rearrangement for α‐iminoallyl esters was developed. This method has a wide range of substrates taking account of the Hammett rule, and highly stereoselective Claisen rearrangement were achieved by the effect of DMSO or the ortho‐substituents of imino carbon. Furthermore, product functionalization also showed the usefulness of this reaction and the detailed reaction mechanism was elucidated from isotopic labeling experiments, kinetic isotope effects and crossover‐experiments.
Reservoir Engineering Strong Magnomechanical Entanglement via Dual‐Mode Cooling
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Liu Yun , Tan Lei , Liu Wu‐Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA hybrid cavity magnomechanical system to transfer the bipartite entanglements and achieve the strong microwave photon–phonon entanglement based on the reservoir engineering approach is constructed. The magnon mode is coupled to the microwave cavity mode via magnetic dipole interaction and to the phonon mode via magnetostrictive force (optomechanical‐like). It is shown that the initial magnon‐phonon entanglement can be transferred to the photon‐phonon subspace in the case of these two interactions cooperating. In the reservoir‐engineering parameter regime, the initial entanglement is directionally transferred to the photon‐phonon subsystem, so a strong bipartite entanglement in which the magnon mode acts as the cold reservoir to effectively cool the Bogoliubov mode delocalized over the cavity and the mechanical deformation mode is obtained. Moreover, dual‐mode cooling is realized by engineering the dissipation of photon and phonon modes within the target mode, which allows entanglement to be further enhanced. The results indicate that the steady‐state entanglement is robust against temperature. The dual‐mode cooling reservoir engineering scheme can potentially be extended to other three‐mode quantum systems.
Formation of pure anatase TiO2 using the reactive pulsed dc magnetron sputtering method for controlling the target poisoning state
Authors: Desch Nikolai , Lake Markus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of pulsed dc‐sputtering sources for reactive magnetron sputtering with oxygen offers a possibility to suppress the negative effects of target poisoning (such as arcing). This results in a wide process range for the selection of a desired operating point. The control of target poisoning plays a major role in maintaining constant coating properties and affects the stoichiometry of the reactive coating, as well as the coating rate and the economic impact of the coating process. In a hysteresis, the target poisoning during the reactive sputtering of titanium under oxygen addition proceeds nonlinearly. Without the use of a suitable target poisoning control technique, the sputtering process can abruptly change to an unstable state. As a result, variations of stoichiometry can occur during the deposition process. A proven method for maintaining a stable reactive sputtering process is the control of oxygen flow with the input variable target voltage. By determining the typical oxygen hysteresis at constant target power and constant argon flow, an operating point for the control loop is derived. The desired target voltage then serves as the input variable for the control loop of the target poisoning. The controlling technique for target poisoning is a basic requirement for the production of the photolytic active anatase phase of titanium dioxide (TiO2) using reactive magnetron sputtering. The photocatalytic equipment of surfaces with a titanium dioxide coating in the anatase phase can be realized with the reactive pulsed dc magnetron sputter ion plating process (DC‐MSIP). The pulsed DC‐MSIP process facilitates coating a variety of surfaces at temperatures below 200°C in an environmentally friendly manner.
Summer odors to winter blooms: Treatment validation in the lower River Murray
Authors: Choo Florence , Sawade Emma , Cook David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 12‐event survey of 8 water treatment plants (WTPs) was conducted to determine the impact of the 2021 summer (January) to winter (August) cyanobacterial challenge on WTP performance. High cyanobacterial numbers (>20,000 cells/mL) and high taste and odor (T&O) concentrations (>100 ng/L) were encountered. The summer to winter transition of this cyanobacterial challenge also saw the proliferation of Pseudanabaena blooms which challenged conventional WTPs and a breakthrough of cells was detected. This required further investigation into optimizing Pseudanabaena removal in WTP processes. WTP sampling determined that the sludge lagoons provided conducive conditions for cell accumulation and metabolite release. These cells and T&O compounds were recycled back into the head of the WTP through the supernatant return flows. In the most extreme case, 512 ng/L of T&O compounds was detected in the supernatant return. This study highlighted the need to understand the potential risks that treatment plants can encounter and ensure appropriate management during and after cyanobacterial events.
Materialhybride, integrale Holzbrücken: Entwicklung, Anwendung und Potenziale
Authors: Grün Stefanie , Riederer Jochen , Helbig Thorsten 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWährend einige der traditionell als gedeckte Holzbrücke ausgeführten Bauten aus vorindustrieller Zeit noch bis heute in Gebrauch sind, weisen viele der in den letzten Jahrzehnten erstellten Holzbrücken aufgrund konstruktionsbedingter Mängel häufig bereits nach wenigen Jahren Standzeit feuchtebedingte Schäden auf. In Auswertung der häufigsten Schadensursachen bei Holzbrücken im Rahmen eines interdisziplinär angelegten Forschungsprojekts, das auf die Entwicklung robuster, dauerhafter Holzbrücken ausgerichtet war, wurde ein prototypischer Brückenentwurf entwickelt. Darauf aufbauend wurde die Anwendbarkeit des Prinzips „integrale Brücke“ für den Brückenwerkstoff Holz überprüft. Dazu wurden umfangreiche theoretische Untersuchungen, Belastungstests und Dauerhaftigkeits‐Langzeittests am Bauteilübergang Holzüberbau/Stahlbetonunterbau durchgeführt. Der monolithische Stoß nutzt in den Holzüberbau faserparallel eingeklebten Bewehrungsstahl zur Übertragung der Biegezugkomponente. Bei der weltweit ersten Realisierung von insgesamt drei integralen, gedeckten Holzbrücken (Remstal nahe Stuttgart, 2019) wurde erstmals Carbonbeton als Brückenbelag eingesetzt. Der neuartige Werkstoff ist materialeffizient und dauerhaft. Der folgende Beitrag erläutert die Entwicklung des neuen integralen Holzbrückentypus, erläutert dessen erste Umsetzung für die Brücken der Remstal‐Landesgartenschau 2019 und gibt einen Ausblick auf das Potenzial neuartiger materialhybrider und integraler Brücken mit Holz als tragendem Werkstoff in Kombination oder Verbund mit Stahl und Beton.
LC‐ESI‐MS/MS Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Propolis Extracted with Organic Solvents from Eastern Anatolia Region
Authors: Cagri Akman Tugrul , Simsek Samed , Kayir Ömer , Aksit Zeynep , Aksit Hüseyin , Genc Nusret 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGeographic conditions (altitude, climate, and local flora) lead to significant differences in the chemical composition of propolis. Therefore, more research is needed for propolis in different geographical regions. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phenolic profile, total phenolic content, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties of Pülümür propolis from Turkey. Methanol (MeOH), chloroform (CHCl3), and hexane extracts of propolis were analyzed. LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis of the extracts showed that the most abundant phenolic compound is caffeic acid in the MeOH extract (2943.12±11.12 μg phenolics/g extract), while on the other hand, CHCl3 extract had the highest total phenolic content (125.75±1.02 mg GAE/g extract). Antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS and DPPH assays, whereas CHCl3 extract (IC50=6.35±0.11 and 28.84±0.10 μg/mL, respectively) and MeOH extracts (IC50=5.04±0.07 and 28.80±0.09 μg/mL, respectively) showed relatively high antioxidant activity. The MeOH extract showed better antidiabetic activity than the standard compound, acarbose (IC50=0.544 and 0.805 mg/mL, respectively).
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Photocatalytic Deracemization
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Lv Xinxin , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAsymmetric catalysis has long been recognized as a powerful tool for the synthesis of enantioenriched molecules. In addition to precise enantiocontrol, high‐atom economy, which is crucial for practicality, has always been pursued by chemists in the development of methodologies. Consequently, deracemization, the direct conversion of a racemic compound to one of its enantiomers, and thus characterized by a 100 % atom efficiency, has attracted increasing interest. Recently, visible‐light‐driven photocatalysis has been demonstrated to be a promising platform for the development of deracemization. Central to its success is its ability to efficiently overcome the prevailing kinetic issues in chemical transformations and the intrinsic thermodynamic challenges, which typically require the use of additional stoichiometric reagents, thus undermining the original advantages. In this review, the advances in this attractive area are systematically summarized and discussed, with examples organized according to the different modalities of energy transfer and single‐electron transfer in photocatalysis.
Gold‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Diynamides with Allylic Alcohols: A Versatile Platform to Allenamide, 2‐Aminofuran and Bridged [2.2.2]Octadiene Derivatives
Authors: Xia Jiajin , Zhu Baolong , Wan Qiuling , Yu Yinghua , Huang Shenlin , Zhang Jian , Huang Xueliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed divergent synthesis through alternation of the catalyst is appealing, as it provides an operationally simple way to access different valuable products, while using the same reactants as starting materials. Herein, a gold‐catalyzed cascade reaction of conjugated diynamides with allylic alcohols is described. By variation of the catalysts, substituted allenes and furans could be obtained selectively. Mechanistic studies indicate that, after the addition of allylic alcohol to gold‐activated diynamide, a [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement would take place and lead to the formation of a common reactive intermediate, which would further convert to the final products selectively. Further variation of the structure of diynamides has unveiled an additional reaction sequence involving intramolecular Himbert arene/allene Diels‐Alder cycloaddition to afford a series of dearomatized products bearing bicyclo[2,2,2]octadiene core.
Flow Electrochemistry for the N‐Nitrosation of Secondary Amines
Authors: Ali Rojan , Babaahmadi Rasool , Didsbury Matthew , Stephens Rebecca , Melen Rebecca L. , Wirth Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA flow electrochemical method towards the synthesis of N‐nitroso compounds from secondary amines using cheap and readily available sodium nitrite has been developed. Sodium nitrite dissolved in aqueous acetonitrile made additional electrolytes unnecessary. This mild and straightforward approach made the use of acids or other harsh and toxic chemicals redundant. This procedure was applied to an assortment of cyclic and acyclic secondary amines (27 examples) resulting in yields of N‐nitrosamines as high as 99 %. To demonstrate the practicality of the process, scaled‐up reactions were performed. Finally, selected products could be purified by using an in‐line acidic extraction.
Deprotonation‐Induced Color Modulation in N,N′‐Dihydroxynaphthalenediimide‐Based Organic Crystals
Authors: Tanabe Tappei , Sato Tetsu , Fuku Kentaro , Takaishi Shinya , Iguchi Hiroaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractN,N’‐dihydroxy‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide (NDI−(OH)2) has attracted much attention in recent years, because its doubly deprotonated state, (O−NDI−O)2−, has metal‐coordination ability and characteristic electronic transition useful for designing electronic and optical functions. In contrast, a molecular crystal with the mono‐deprotonated (HO−NDI−O)− ion remains unknown. We herein report an organic crystal containing non‐disproportionated (HO−NDI−O)− ions, which are connected by very strong O−H−O hydrogen bonds. Its lowest energy absorption band (450 to 650 nm) is observed in between that of NDI−(OH)2 (380 nm) and isolated (O−NDI−O)2− (500 to 850 nm) species, consistent with the molecular orbital calculations. This absorption originates from the electronic transition from deprotonated imide‐based orbitals to NDI‐core orbitals, which can be influenced by the hydrogen bonds around imide group. Consequently, the optical properties of NDI−(OH)2 can be modulated by the stepwise deprotonation and hydrogen‐bonding interactions.
Disclosing Conflicts of Interest to Potential Research Participants: Good for Nothing?
Authors: de Melo‐Martín Inmaculada 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe growing commercialization of science has raised concerns about financial conflicts of interest (COIs). Evidence suggests that such conflicts threaten the integrity of research and the well‐being of research participants. Trying to minimize these negative effects, federal agencies, academic institutions, and publishers have developed conflict‐of‐interest policies. Among such policies, recommendations or requirements to disclose financial COIs to potential research participants and patients have become commonplace. Here, I argue that disclosing conflicts of interest to potential research participants fails to achieve the weighty moral goals that presumably ground such policies. This is so either because disclosure is simply a wrong means for achieving some of the goals in question or because, although disclosure could be an appropriate means for some of those goals, the way in which it is implemented prevents fulfillment of the desirable moral aim.
Archived DNA reveals marine heatwave‐associated shifts in fish assemblages
Authors: Gold Zachary , Kelly Ryan P. , Shelton Andrew Olaf , Thompson Andrew R. , Goodwin Kelly D. , Gallego Ramón , Parsons Kim M. , Thompson Luke R. , Kacev Dovi , Barber Paul H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMarine heatwaves can drive large‐scale shifts in marine ecosystems, but studying their impacts on whole species assemblages is difficult. Analysis combining microscopic observations with environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of the ethanol preservative of an ichthyoplankton biorepository spanning a 23 years time series captures major and sometimes unexpected changes to fish assemblages in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem during and after the 2014–2016 Pacific Marine Heatwave. Joint modeling efforts reveal patterns of tropicalization with increases in southern, mesopelagic species and associated declines in commercially important temperate fish species (e.g., North Pacific Hake [Merluccius productus] and Pacific Sardine [Sardinops sagax]). Data show shifts in fisheries assemblages (e.g., Northern Anchovy, Engraulis mordax) even after the return to average water temperatures, corroborating ecosystem impacts found through multiple traditional surveys of this study area. Our innovative approach of metabarcoding preservative eDNA coupled with quantitative modeling leverages the taxonomic breadth and resolution of DNA sequences combined with microscopy‐derived ichthyoplankton identification to yield higher‐resolution, species‐specific quantitative abundance estimates. This work opens the door to economically reconstruct the historical dynamics of assemblages from modern and archived samples worldwide.
Seismic hazard mapping of Ohrid, North Macedonia
Authors: Lee Vincent W. , Trifunac Mihailo D. , Dimov Ðorgi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe city of Ohrid is one of the oldest settlements in the western Balkans, exceptionally rich with archeological, architectural, and cultural sites, which must be protected from damage during future earthquakes by proper retrofitting and strengthening of the old structures. To provide a sound basis for retrofitting work, in this paper, we describe the amplitudes of strong ground motion in Ohrid for a range of probabilities of being exceeded. We use the Uniform Hazard Method to compute the amplitudes of strong motion, and, in the calculations, we explicitly include the geological site conditions for all the maps we show. By noting the large jumps in the predicted strong motion amplitudes at sites along the contact between basement rock and sediments, we emphasize that the empirical scaling equations for strong motion amplitudes must include explicit dependence on the geological site conditions.