bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsievert Wide-Volume Versus Spiral Computed Tomography Using an Automatic Exposure Control System in the Diagnosis of Foreign Body Aspiration in Children
Authors: Sade Recep , Aydın Yener , Pirimoglu Berhan , Yalcin Ahmet , Abbasguliyev Hasan , Keskin Halil , Polat Gökhan , Ulas Ali Bilal , Daharli Coskun , Eroglu Atila 
Published: February 2023

Background
Foreign body aspiration (FBA) in childhood is a life-threatening condition that necessitates prompt management to prevent devastating complications. Different imaging methods are used in the diagnosis of FBA.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value and dose of microsievert wide-volume computed tomography (μSv-WV-CT) with multidetector computed tomography using an automatic exposure control system (MDCT-AEC) in children with FBA.

Material and Methods
In this single-center cross-sectional study, 102 cases diagnosed with FBA between September 2013 and September 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the diagnostic modality used: group A, μSv-WV-CT (2016–2021) and group B, MDCT-AEC (2013–2021). The diagnostic performance and radiation dose of the 2 groups were statistically compared.

Results
The diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy) of the 2 groups was similar. The mean effective radiation dose of group A was 34.89 ± 0.01 μSv, which was significantly lower than that of group B (179.75 ± 114.88 μSv) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
In children with suspected FBA, μSv-WV-CT at a lower radiation dose had similar diagnostic performance to MDCT-AEC.
Complex Fibroadenoma Mimicking Breast Cancer on 68Ga-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Alçin Göksel , Tatar Gamze , Menengiç Koç Melisa Seray , Arslan Esra , Ergül Nurhan , Çermik Tevfik Fikret 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A 47-year-old woman had complaint of palpable swelling in the left breast for the last 3 weeks. 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging of concomitant invasive carcinoma in the right breast and 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor 04 PET/CT imaging in an ongoing study were performed. Increased radiopharmaceutical uptake was observed in both PET/CT imaging in complex fibroadenoma located in the left breast.
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Patients With Advanced Progressive Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Liu Qingxing , Kulkarni Harshad R. , Zhao Tianzhi , Schuchardt Christiane , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhu Zhaohui , Zhang Jingjing , Baum Richard P. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
Progressive metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is often characterized by rapid disease progression and poor prognosis, with only few therapeutic options available. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has demonstrated remarkable success in the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and has also been suggested to treat MTC. However, evidence on its effectiveness and long-term outcome for this indication is still limited. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of PRRT in patients with advanced, progressive MTC and to determine survival. Potential predictors of survival were also evaluated.

Methods
From September 2003 to June 2019, 28 patients (15 men and 13 women; mean age, 49 ± 14 years) with progressive, somatostatin receptor–positive advanced MTC received PRRT with 177Lu- or 90Y-labeled somatostatin analogs at Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Germany. Toxicity was graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Treatment response was evaluated according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) 1.1, as well as molecular imaging criteria (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), defined from the start of PRRT. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify parameters associated with PFS and OS.

Results
Seventy-seven cycles of PRRT were administered (mean cumulative administered activity, 16.0 ± 7.8 GBq). No acute or long-term grade 3/4 toxicity was recorded with a follow-up of 3 to 140 months, except for 1 patient (4%) who suffered from grade 3 anemia (possibly related to disease progression). According to the RECIST criteria, the disease control rate after 3 to 4 months of PRRT was 56% (partial remission, 12%; stable disease, 44%). The disease control rate (72%) was higher by molecular response evaluation. Median OS and PFS were 63.7 and 10.1 months, respectively. The annual OS rates were 84% at 1 year, 65% at 3 years, 57% at 5 years, and 18% at 10 years. The annual PFS rates were 42% at 1 year, 21% at 2 years, and 13% at 5 years. Patients with bone metastases had poorer OS and PFS than those without metastases (median OS, 58.7 vs 92.3 months [P = 0.035; hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.92–7.84]; median PFS, 8.5 vs 12.8 months [P = 0.592; hazard ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–2.76]).

Conclusions
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy was well tolerated and effective in patients with advanced, aggressive MTC. Bone metastasis was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS.
Alan Baker. 19 August 1939—4 February 2018
Authors: Masser FRS David 
Published: February 2023

Alan Baker single-handedly transformed several areas of number theory. He achieved a major breakthrough in transcendence and applied it to obtain a new and important large class of transcendental numbers, opening the way to the subsequent discovery of several other such classes. He developed quantitative versions and applied them to the effective solutions of many classical diophantine equations as well as the first effective improvement on the 1844 result by Joseph Liouville (ForMemRS 1850) on diophantine approximation and the resolution of the celebrated Gauss Conjectures of 1801 on class numbers, not only
h
= 1 but also
h
= 2, of imaginary quadratic fields. He started the study of extensions to elliptic curves, opening the way to later generalizations to abelian varieties and commutative group varieties and in turn their applications to old and new problems in diophantine geometry.

In 1970 he was awarded the Fields Medal at the International Congress in Nice on the basis of his outstanding work on linear forms in logarithms and its consequences. He received many other honours, including the prestigious University of Cambridge Adams Prize, and he was made an honorary fellow of University College London, a foreign fellow of the Indian Academy of Science, a foreign fellow of the National Academy of Sciences India, an honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Clinical gait analysis using video-based pose estimation: multiple perspectives, clinical populations, and measuring change
Authors: Stenum Jan , Hsu Melody M. , Pantelyat Alexander Y. , Roemmich Ryan T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGait dysfunction is common in many clinical populations and often has a profound and deleterious impact on independence and quality of life. Gait analysis is a foundational component of rehabilitation because it is critical to identify and understand the specific deficits that should be targeted prior to the initiation of treatment. Unfortunately, current state-of-the-art approaches to gait analysis (e.g., marker-based motion capture systems, instrumented gait mats) are largely inaccessible due to prohibitive costs of time, money, and effort required to perform the assessments. Here, we demonstrate the ability to perform quantitative gait analyses in multiple clinical populations using only simple videos recorded using household devices (tablets). We report four primary advances: 1) a novel, versatile workflow that leverages an open-source human pose estimation algorithm (OpenPose) to perform gait analyses using videos recorded from multiple different perspectives (e.g., frontal, sagittal), 2) validation of this workflow in three different populations of participants (adults without gait impairment, persons post-stroke, and persons with Parkinson’s disease) via comparison to ground-truth three-dimensional motion capture, 3) demonstration of the ability to capture clinically relevant, condition-specific gait parameters, and 4) tracking of within-participant changes in gait, as is required to measure progress in rehabilitation and recovery. Importantly, our workflow has been made freely available and does not require prior gait analysis expertise. The ability to perform quantitative gait analyses in nearly any setting using only household devices and computer vision offers significant potential for dramatic improvement in the accessibility of clinical gait analysis across different patient populations.
Bayesian network structure for predicting two-year survival in patients diagnosed with non small cell lung cancer
Authors: Osong Biche , Dekker Andre , Wee Leonard , van Soest Johan , Bermejo Inigo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to develop and internally validate a clinically plausible Bayesian network structure to predict two-year survival in patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and primarily treated with (chemo) radiation therapy by combining expert knowledge and a learning algorithm.Summary of backgroundThe incidence of lung cancer has been increasing. Healthcare providers are trying to acquire more knowledge of the disease’s biology to treat their patients better. However, the information available is more than humans can efficiently process. Predictive models such as Bayesian networks, which can intricately represent causal relations between variables, are suitable structures to model this information. However, commonly known methods for developing Bayesian network structures are limited in healthcare.Patients and Methods545 NSCLC patients treated primarily with (chemo) radiation therapy from Maastro clinic in the Netherlands between 2010 to 2013 were considered to develop this Bayesian network structure. All continuous variables were discretized before analysis. Patients with missing survival status and variables with more than 25% missing information were excluded. The causal relationships (arcs) between variables in the data were determined using the hill-climbing algorithm with domain experts’ restrictions. The learning algorithm was run on a number of bootstrapped samples (B=400) and for the final structure, we kept the arcs present in at least 70% of the learned structures. Performance was assessed by computing the area under the curve (AUC) values and producing calibration plots based on a 5-fold cross-validation. In addition, an adapted pre-specified expert structure was compared with a structure developed from the method in this study.ResultsTumor load was included in the main structure due to its high percentage (37%) of missingness and lack of added value. The final cohort used to develop the structure was reduced to 499, excluding 46 (8.4%) patients with missing survival status. The resulting structure’s mean AUC and confidence interval to predict two-year survival was 0.614 (0.499 - 0.730). The AUC of the compared structures was only slightly above the chance level, but the structure based on the method in this study was clinically more plausible.ConclusionThe results of this study show that Bayesian network structures which combine expert knowledge with a rigorous structure learning algorithm produce a clinically plausible structure with optimal performance.
Ethical Issues in Residency Education Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Inquiry Study
Authors: Kassam Aliya , Page Stacey , Lauzon Julie , Hay Rebecca , Coret Marian , Mitchell Ian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmidst the pandemic, residency programs were faced with new challenges to provide care and educate junior doctors (resident physicians). We sought to understand both the positive and negative experiences of first-year residents during COVID-19, as well as to describe potential ethical issues from their stories.MethodWe used narrative inquiry (NI) methodology and applied a semi-structured interview guide that included questions pertaining to ethical principles as well as both positive and negative aspects of the pandemic. Sampling was purposive. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Three members of the research team coded transcripts in duplicate to elicit themes. A composite story with threads was constructed. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion to attain consensus.ResultsEleven residents participated from Internal Medicine (n=2), Family Medicine (n=2), Ophthalmology (n=1), General Surgery (n=1), Pediatrics (n=1), Diagnostic Radiology (n=1), Public Health (n=1), Psychiatry (n=1), Emergency Medicine (n=1). Resident stories had three common themes in which ethical issues were described: 1)Intersecting healthcare and medical education systems, 2)Public health and the public good, 3)Health systems planning/healthcare delivery.DiscussionThe pandemic exacerbated the lack of autonomy experienced by resident physicians. The notion of public health and the public good at times eclipsed individual wellbeing for residents and patients alike.ConclusionEfforts to understand how resident physicians can be engaged in their own education as well as how they can navigate public health crises with respect to ethical principles could benefit both residency education and healthcare delivery.
Low seroprevalence of Ebola virus in health care providers in an endemic region (Tshuapa province) of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Zola Matuvanga Trésor , Mariën Joachim , Larivière Ynke , Osangir Bernard , Milolo Solange , Meta Rachel , Esanga Emmanuel , Maketa Vivi , Matangila Junior , Mitashi Patrick , Ahuka Mundeke Steve , Muhindo-Mavoko Hypolite , Muyembe Tamfum Jean-Jacques , Van Damme Pierre , Van geertruyden Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionA serosurvey among health care providers (HCPs) and frontliners of an area previously affected by Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was conducted to assess the seroreactivity to Ebola virus antigens.MethodsSerum samples were collected in a cohort of HCPs and frontliners (n=698) participants in the EBL2007 vaccine trial (December 2019 to October 2022). Specimens seroreactive for EBOV were confirmed using either the Filovirus Animal Nonclinical Group (FANG) ELISA or a Luminex multiplex assay.ResultsThe seroreactivity to at least two EBOV-Mayinga (m) antigens was found in 10 (1.4%: 95% CI, 0.7-2.6) samples for GP-EBOV-m + VP40-EBOV-m, and 2 (0.3%: 95% CI, 0.0 - 1.0) samples for VP40-EBOV-m + NP-EBOV-m using the Luminex assay. Seroreactivity to GP-EBOV-Kikwit (k) was observed in 59 (8.5%: 95%CI, 6.5-10.9) samples using FANG ELISA.ConclusionIn contrast to previous serosurveys, a low seroprevalence was found in the HCP and frontline population participating in the EBL2007 Ebola vaccine trial in Boende, DRC. This underscores the high need for standardized antibody assays and cutoffs in EBOV serosurveys to avoid the broad range of reported EBOV seroprevalence rates in EBOV endemic areas.
Microevolution and phylogenomic characterization with perspectives in the 2022-2023 outbreak of child Respiratory Syncytial Virus type A
Authors: Majaz Sidra , Ahmad Ashfaq , Saeed Aamir , Noureen Shumaila , Nouroz Faisal , Amin Amr , Xie Yingqiu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA communal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes mild to severe illness, predominantly in older adults, or people with certain chronic medical conditions, and in particular, in young children. Symptoms may include runny nose, cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. In most cases, the infection is mild and resolves on its own, but in some cases, it can lead to more serious illness such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia. The RSV genome codes for ten proteins, NS1, NS2, N, P, M, SH, G, F, M2 and L. We aimed to identify the RSV geographical distribution and transmission pattern using site parsimonious frequencies, and investigate hotspot regions across the complete RSV genomes. These results indicated that RSV strains circulating in South and North America are not mixed to the European samples, however, genomes reported from Australia are the direct decedents of European samples. Samples reported from the United Kingdom were found diverse. Further, this report provides a comprehensive mutational analysis of all the individual RSV genes and in particular the 32 hotspot substituting regions circulating across the globe in RSV type A samples. This is the first comprehensive analysis of RSV type A that features mutational frequencies across the whole genome providing more clues for epidemiological control and drug development.
Host-microbe interactions mediate doramectin-promoted metabolic reprogramming of CD8+T-cells and amplify antitumor immunity
Authors: Taghinezhad-S Sedigheh , Mohseni Amir Hossein , Jiang Wen , Casolaro Vincenzo , Bermúdez-Humarán Luis G. , McAllister Florencia , Lv Zhongwei , Li Dan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe intestinal microbiota and its metabolites influence the host metabolic environment and CD8+T-cell function. Metabolic changes in T-cells are thought to enhance the antitumor immune response. Here, we show that doramectin (DOR), a macrocyclic lactone (ML) of the avermectin (AVM) family, can modify CD8+T-cell metabolism to increase and accelerate effector function. However, the functional capability of DOR depends mainly on the accessibility of gut microbiota. Using metagenomic and metabolomic techniques, we describe for the first time the interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolism involved in metabolic reprogramming of CD8+-T cells following DOR administration. Interestingly, we found that, after DOR administration, Firmicutes phylum not only impact DOR transport and absorption, but also boost amino acid levels in CD8+T-cells, consistent with increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and, in particular, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), which together play an important role in antitumor immunity. In contrast, the dysbiotic microbial community may abrogate the anticancer efficacy of DOR and lead to enhanced tumor growth and decreased survival. This finding likely supports the view that the presence of certain bacteria in the gut governs extra-intestinal immune responses and may be associated with metabolic adaptations necessary for efficient function of CD8+T-cells upon DOR administration.
Extracellular communication between brain cells through functional transfer of Cre mRNA
Authors: Rufino-Ramos David , Leandro Kevin , Perdigão Pedro R.L. , O’Brien Killian , Pinto Maria Manuel , Santana Magda M. , van Solinge Thomas S , Mahjoum Shadi , Breakefield Xandra O , Breyne Koen , Pereira de Almeida Luís 
Published: February 2023

1ABSTRACTIn the central nervous system (CNS), the crosstalk between neural cells is mediated by extracellular mechanisms, including brain-derived extracellular vesicles (bdEVs).To study endogenous communication across the brain and periphery, we explored Cre-mediated DNA recombination to permanently record the functional uptake of bdEVs cargo overtime. To elucidate functional cargo transfer within the brain at physiological levels, we promoted the continuous secretion of physiological levels of neural bdEVs containing Cre mRNA from a localized region in the brain byin situlentiviral transduction of the striatum of Flox-tdTomato Ai9 mice reporter of Cre activity. Our approach efficiently detected in vivo transfer of functional events mediated by physiological levels of endogenous bdEVs throughout the brain. Remarkably, a spatial gradient of persistent tdTomato expression was observed along the whole brain exhibiting an increment of more than 10-fold over 4 months. Moreover, bdEVs containing Cre mRNA were detected in the bloodstream and extracted from brain tissue to further confirm their functional delivery of Cre mRNA in a novel and highly sensitive Nanoluc reporter system.Overall, we report a sensitive method to track bdEVs transfer at physiological levels which will shed light on the role of bdEVs in neural communication within the brain and beyond.
MEG frequency tagging reveals a grid-like code during covert attentional movements
Authors: Giari Giuliano , Vignali Lorenzo , Xu Yangwen , Bottini Roberto 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYGrid cells in the entorhinal cortex map regular environments with a 60° periodicity, encoding body- and eye-movements’ direction during spatial exploration. Recent evidence in monkeys suggests that grid cells firing is elicited by spatial attention even without eye movements. We investigated whether movements of covert attention can elicit grid-like responses in humans by concurrently recording MEG and eye-tracker. To obtain a measure of grid-like signal non-invasively, we developed a new paradigm based on frequency tagging. While keeping central fixation, participants were presented visually with sequences of linearly-spaced trajectories (15° or 30° in different conditions) formed by static lines or moving dots in separate sessions. Trajectories appeared sequentially on the screen at a fixed rate (6 Hz), allowing different spatial periodicities (e.g., 90°, 60°, 45°) to have corresponding temporal periodicities (e.g., 1, 1.5, 2 Hz), thus resulting in distinct spectral responses in the MEG signal.Analyses of inter-trial coherence evidenced a higher steady-state response for the frequency corresponding to 60° periodicity compared to control periodicities. This effect was localized in medial-temporal sources and not in control regions. Moreover, in a control experiment using a recurrent sequence of letters featuring the same temporal periodicity but lacking spatial structure, the 60° effect did not emerge, suggesting its dependency on spatial movements of attention. We report the first evidence, in humans, that grid-like signals in the medial-temporal lobe can be elicited by covert attentional movements. Moreover, we propose a new neuroimaging paradigm based on frequency tagging to study grid-like activity non-invasively.