bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosome‐level genome assembly and population genomic analysis reveal evolution and local adaptation in common hairfin anchovy (Setipinna tenuifilis)
Authors: Liu Bingjian , Li Jiasheng , Peng Ying , Zhang Kun , Liu Qi , Jin Xun , Zheng Sixu , Wang Yunpeng , Gong Li , Liu Liqin , Lü Zhenming , Liu Yifan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic structure and the factors associated with adaptive diversity has significant implications for the effective management of wild populations under threat from overfishing and climate change. The common hairfin anchovy (Setipinna tenuifilis) is an economically and ecologically important pelagic fish species, spanning a broad latitudinal gradient along marginal seas of the Northwest Pacific. In this study, we constructed the first reference genome of S. tenuifilis using PacBio long reads and high‐resolution chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) technology. The assembled genome was 798.38 Mb with a contig N50 of 1.43 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 32.42 Mb, which were anchored onto 24 pseudochromosomes. A total of 22,019 genes were functionally annotated, which accounted for 95.27% of the predicted protein‐coding genes. Chromosomal collinearity analysis revealed chromosome fusion or fission events in Clupeiformes species. Three genetic groups of S. tenuifilis were revealed along the Chinese coast using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). We investigated the influence of four bioclimatic variables as potential drivers of adaptive divergence in S. tenuifilis, suggesting that these environmental variables, especially sea surface temperature, may play important roles as drivers of spatially varying selection for S. tenuifilis. We also identified candidate functional genes underlying adaptive mechanisms and ecological tradeoffs using redundancy analysis (RDA) and BayeScan analysis. In summary, this study sheds light on the evolution and spatial patterns of genetic variation of S. tenuifilis, providing a valuable genomic resource for further biological and genetic studies on this species and other closely related Clupeiformes.
Drosophila melanogaster as a model of systemic dermatophytosis
Authors: da Costa Bárbara , Pippi Bruna , Merkel Simone , Agostinetto Giovanna , Zanette Régis A. , Fuentefria Alexandre M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDermatophytosis is one of the most common fungal infections worldwide. The distribution of dermatophytes varies across continents, but the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum have emerged as the main isolated agents in humans and animals.ObjectivesTo validate Drosophila melanogaster flies as a fast and feasible model to study dermatophytic infections.MethodsWild‐type (WT) and Toll‐deficient D. melanogaster flies were infected by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Nannizzia gypsea by pricking with a needle previously dipped in inoculum concentrations ranging from 103 to 108 colony‐forming units/mL. Establishment of infection was confirmed by survival curves, histopathological analysis and fungal burden. Thereafter, flies were treated with terbinafine, itraconazole and clioquinol.ResultsWT flies were predominantly resistant to the infection, whereas Toll‐deficient flies succumbed to the four dermatophyte genera tested. The antifungal drugs protected flies from the infection, except for N. gypsea whose survival curves did not differ from the untreated group.ConclusionsThis pilot study confirms that D. melanogaster is a suitable model to study the virulence and antifungal drug efficacy in dermatophyte species.
Rhizophagus irregularis, the model fungus in arbuscular mycorrhiza research, forms dimorphic spores
Authors: Kokkoris Vasilis , Banchini Claudia , Paré Louis , Abdellatif Lobna , Séguin Sylvie , Hubbard Keith , Findlay Wendy , Dalpé Yolande , Dettman Jeremy , Corradi Nicolas , Stefani Franck 
Published: July 2023

Summary

Rhizophagus irregularis is the model species for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) research and the most widely propagated species for commercial plant biostimulants.

Using asymbiotic and symbiotic cultivation systems initiated from single spores, advanced microscopy, Sanger sequencing of the glomalin gene, and PacBio sequencing of the partial 45S rRNA gene, we show that four strains of R. irregularis produce spores of two distinct morphotypes, one corresponding to the morphotype described in the R. irregularis protologue and the other having the phenotype of R. fasciculatus.

The two spore morphs are easily distinguished by spore colour, thickness of the subtending hypha, thickness of the second wall layer, lamination of the innermost layer, and the dextrinoid reaction of the two outer spore wall layers to Melzer's reagent. The glomalin gene of the two spore morphs is identical and that of the PacBio sequences of the partial SSU‐ITS‐LSU region (2780 bp) obtained from single spores of the R. cf fasciculatus morphotype has a median pairwise similarity of 99.8% (SD = 0.005%) to the rDNA ribotypes of R. irregularis DAOM 197198.

Based on these results, we conclude that the model AMF species R. irregularis is dimorphic, which has caused taxonomic confusion in culture collections and possibly in AMF research.
Genomic selection and enablers for agronomic traits in maize (Zea mays): A review
Authors: Gunundu Rodreck , Shimelis Hussein , Mashilo Jacob 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMaize is a commodity crop providing millions of people with food, feed, industrial raw material and economic opportunities. However, maize yields in Africa are relatively stagnant and low, at a mean of 1.7 t ha−1 compared with the global average of 6 t ha−1. The yield gap can be narrowed with accelerated and precision breeding strategies that are required to develop and deploy high‐yielding and climate‐resilient maize varieties. Genomic and phenotypic selections are complementary methods that offer opportunities for the speedy choice of contrasting parents and derived progenies for hybrid breeding and commercialization. Genomic selection (GS) will shorten the crop breeding cycle by identifying and tracking desirable genotypes and aid the timeous commercialization of market‐preferred varieties. The technology, however, has not yet been fully embraced by most public and private breeding programmes, notably in Africa. This review aims to present the importance, current status, challenges and opportunities of GS to accelerate genetic gains for economic traits to speed up the breeding of high‐yielding maize varieties. The first section summarizes genomic selection and the contemporary phenotypic selection and phenotyping platforms as a foundation for GS and trait integration in maize. This is followed by highlights on the reported genetic gains and progress through phenotypic selection and GS for grain yield and yield components. Training population development, genetic design and statistical models used in GS in maize breeding are discussed. Lastly, the review summarizes the challenges of GS, including prediction accuracy, and integrates GS with speed breeding, doubled haploid breeding and genome editing technologies to increase breeding efficiency and accelerate cultivar release. The paper will guide breeders in selection and trait introgression using GS to develop cultivars preferred by the marketplace.
Bacterial infections are common among eczema herpeticum inpatients in a cross‐sectional analysis of the 2016 Kids' Inpatient Database
Authors: Desai Amar D. , Tefft Kristy , Heath Candrice R. , Lipner Shari R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEczema herpeticum (EH) is a cutaneous infection with herpes simplex virus, typically in the context of atopic dermatitis. Pediatric hospitalizations for EH have increased over the past several decades, yet few studies have investigated comorbidities or epidemiology of pediatric EH inpatients. We searched the 2016 Kids' Inpatient Database and recorded demographics, comorbidities, and associated costs for patients with EH. We found bacterial infections were a common comorbidity which affected nearly half (47.4%) of hospitalized patients, suggesting the importance of regular monitoring of pediatric EH inpatients for bacterial coinfection.
Erotic cue exposure increases physiological arousal, biases choices toward immediate rewards, and attenuates model‐based reinforcement learning
Authors: Mathar David , Wiebe Annika , Tuzsus Deniz , Knauth Kilian , Peters Jan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractComputational psychiatry focuses on identifying core cognitive processes that appear altered across distinct psychiatric disorders. Temporal discounting of future rewards and model‐based control during reinforcement learning have proven as two promising candidates. Despite its trait‐like stability, temporal discounting may be at least partly under contextual control. Highly arousing cues were shown to increase discounting, although evidence to date remains somewhat mixed. Whether model‐based reinforcement learning is similarly affected by arousing cues remains unclear. Here, we tested cue‐reactivity effects (erotic pictures) on subsequent temporal discounting and model‐based reinforcement learning in a within‐subjects design in n = 39 healthy heterosexual male participants. Self‐reported and physiological arousal (cardiac activity and pupil dilation) were assessed before and during cue exposure. Arousal was increased during exposure of erotic versus neutral cues both on the subjective and autonomic level. Erotic cue exposure increased discounting as reflected by more impatient choices. Hierarchical drift diffusion modeling (DDM) linked increased discounting to a shift in the starting point bias of evidence accumulation toward immediate options. Model‐based control during reinforcement learning was reduced following erotic cues according to model‐agnostic analysis. Notably, DDM linked this effect to attenuated forgetting rates of unchosen options, leaving the model‐based control parameter unchanged. Our findings replicate previous work on cue‐reactivity effects in temporal discounting and for the first time show similar effects in model‐based reinforcement learning in a heterosexual male sample. This highlights how environmental cues can impact core human decision processes and reveal that comprehensive modeling approaches can yield novel insights in reward‐based decision processes.
Cross‐scale interdependencies require attention in forest restoration
Authors: Wiegant Daniel , Guariguata Manuel R. 
Published: July 2023

A governance perspective that connects actors at multiple levels in forest restoration is largely missing and much needed to expedite the translation of national restoration targets into long‐lasting outcomes. An explicit focus on the interactions across governance levels, and how these influence ecological processes at different spatial levels, can overcome the general tendency to focus on forest restoration either from the top‐down or bottom‐up and help improve the quality of forest restoration.
Long‐term exposure to low concentrations of air pollution and decline in lung function in people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Cox Ingrid A. , Leigh Lucy , de Graaff Barbara , Johnston Fay H. , Corte Tamera J. , Knibbs Luke D. , Otahal Petr , Navaratnam Vidya , Campbell Julie A. , Glaspole Ian , Moodley Yuben , Hopkins Peter , Mackintosh John A. , Ahmad Hasnat , Walters E. Haydn , Palmer Andrew J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLittle is known about the association between ambient air pollution and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in areas with lower levels of exposure. We aimed to investigate the impact of air pollution on lung function and rapid progression of IPF in Australia.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the Australian IPF Registry (n = 570). The impact of air pollution on changes in lung function was assessed using linear mixed models and Cox regression was used to investigate the association with rapid progression.ResultsMedian (25th–75th percentiles) annual fine particulate matter (<2.5 μm, PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were 6.8 (5.7, 7.9) μg/m3 and 6.7 (4.9, 8.2) ppb, respectively. Compared to living more than 100 m from a major road, living within 100 m was associated with a 1.3% predicted/year (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.4 to −0.3) faster annual decline in diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLco). Each interquartile range (IQR) of 2.2 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 0.9% predicted/year (95% CI −1.6 to −0.3) faster annual decline in DLco, while there was no association observed with NO2. There was also no association between air pollution and rapid progression of IPF.ConclusionLiving near a major road and increased PM2.5 were both associated with an increased rate of annual decline in DLco. This study adds to the evidence supporting the negative effects of air pollution on lung function decline in people with IPF living at low‐level concentrations of exposure.
Supranormal lung function: Prevalence, associated factors and clinical manifestations across the lifespan
Authors: Schiffers Caspar , Faner Rosa , Ofenheimer Alina , Sunanta Owat , Puchhammer Patricia , Mraz Tobias , Breyer Marie‐Kathrin , Burghuber Otto Chris , Hartl Sylvia , Agustí Alvar , Breyer‐Kohansal Robab 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIt is now well established that there are different life‐long lung function trajectories in the general population, and that some are associated with better or worse health outcomes. Yet, the prevalence, clinical characteristics and risk factors of individuals with supranormal FEV1 or FVC values (above the upper‐limit of normal [ULN]) in different age‐bins through the lifetime in the general population are poorly understood.MethodTo address these questions, we investigated the prevalence of supranormal FEV1 and FVC values in the LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl and boDy) study, a general population cohort in Austria that includes participants from 6 to 82 years of age.ResultsWe found that: (1) the prevalence of supranormal pre‐bronchodilator FEV1 and FVC values was 3.4% and 3.1%, respectively, and that these figures remained relatively stable through different age‐bins except for participants >60 years., in whom they increased (5.0% and 4.2%, respectively). Approximately 50% of supranormal individuals had both increased FEV1 and FVC values; (2) supranormal spirometric values were consistently accompanied by higher static lung volumes and lower specific airway resistance through the lifespan, indicating better overall lung function; and (3) multivariate regression analysis identified that female sex, higher muscle mass (FFMI), less diabetes and fewer respiratory symptoms were consistently associated with supranormal FEV1 and FVC values.ConclusionSupranormal FEV1 and/or FVC values occur in about 3% of the general population in different age bins and are associated with better health markers.
Reading Europe in the Renaissance: continent, personification and myth in Ronsard's Discours de l'alteration et change des choses humaines
Authors: Oddy Niall 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRenaissance readers were familiar with two traditions of visualizing the continent of Europe as a woman: the myth of Europa and the bull, and personifications of Europe as a queen. This article examines the impact of these traditions on the geographical, political and cultural discourses of Europe through the example of the French poet Ronsard's Discours de l'alteration et change des choses humaines. It argues that the reference in the Discours to the Ottoman Empire assailing Europe the continent would evoke for readers a female figure. The article conducts an analysis of the poem in light of this, exploring how the spectre of sexual violence associated with the Europa myth enhances the political critique of the Ottoman Empire in the Discours. As such, the article shows how the dynamic interplay of myth, personification and geographical space enriched the meanings and associations of the signifier ‘Europe’. In doing so, it articulates a method for approaching how ‘Europe’ was used and understood in Renaissance texts.
Comparative study of instrumental measurement and sensory evaluation methods for the repairing effect of mildly damaged hair bundles
Authors: Jiang Yanwen , Xu Zhongmou , Qiu Yuchen , Zheng Xiaomin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the applicability and scientific accuracy of instrument measurements in repairing hair products on slightly damaged hair bundles.Materials and methodSixty hair bundles mildly damaged with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia standards were divided into two groups: the treatment and control groups (30 hair bundles each). The treatment group used commercial hair care essential oil, whereas the control group used tap water to treat the damage. The two groups were measured using an instrument before and after the product application. The objective indicators included the gloss of hair, along with hair cuticle dynamic friction coefficient, and against hair cuticle dynamic friction coefficient. At the same time, two evaluators conducted sensory evaluations on the gloss and frizz levels of the hair bundles. Therefore, data comparison and verification were carried out together with instrumental measurement data.ResultsWe verified that the instrumental measurement methods could obtain data trends that are consistent with sensory assessment methods; hence, they have the advantages of accuracy, convenience, and quantifiability.ConclusionThus, the instrumental measurement methods we verified can provide objective evidence for the efficacy of hair care products in repairing hair.
How low can we go: Court approval effects on public opinion
Authors: Montgomery Matthew D. , Rogol Natalie C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe study what happens to individuals’ perceptions of the Supreme Court when they learn that public approval is high or low for the Court. We are interested in observing whether awareness of low(high) popular support for the Court can lead to further decreases(increases) in individual evaluations of the Court.MethodsWe construct a survey experiment with six conditions, including a control. Each condition displays a news headline individuals might encounter while scrolling the news or on social media, with varying levels of Supreme Court approval ratings. The conditions vary from 80 percent to less than 10 percent. After exposure to information about the Court's popularity, we ask participants about their specific and diffuse support of the Supreme Court.ResultsWe find that when a respondent is confronted with news that the Supreme Court's approval has risen or declined, their evaluations also increase or decrease. In addition, we find that diffuse support does not meaningfully change when reading headlines related to the Court's popular approval.ConclusionOur findings add to existing research regarding what can alter the important measure of Supreme Court‐specific support and affirm the difficulty in moving diffuse support.
Vaccinations in children with hematologic malignancies and those receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplants or cellular therapies
Authors: Neemann Kari A , Sato Alice I 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChildren who are immune compromised are uniquely threatened by a higher risk of infections, including vaccine‐preventable diseases (VPDs). Children who undergo chemotherapy or cellular therapies may not have preexisting immunity to VPDs at the time of their treatment including not yet receiving their primary vaccine series, and additionally they have higher risk of exposures (e.g., due to family structures, daycare and school setting) with decreased capacity to protect themselves using nonpharmaceutic measures (e.g., masking). In the past, efforts to revaccinate these children have often been delayed or incomplete. Treatment with chemotherapy, stem cell transplants, and/or cellular therapies impair the ability of the immune system to mount a robust vaccine response. Ideally, protection would be provided as soon as both safe and effective, which will vary by vaccine type (e.g., replicating versus nonreplicating; conjugated versus polysaccharide). While a single approach revaccination schedule following these therapies would be convenient for providers, it would not account for patient specific factors that influence the timing of immune reconstitution (IR). Evidence suggests that many of these children would mount a meaningful vaccine response as early as 3 months following completion of treatment. Here within, we provide updated guidance on how to approach vaccination both during and following completion of these therapies.
Biogeographic regionalization of human infectious diseases in Brazil based on geographically explicit data
Authors: Löwenberg‐Neto Peter , Winkelmann Stephanie , Verzotto Ágatha K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveBiogeographic regionalization represents abstractions of the organisation of life on Earth, and can provide a large‐scaled framework for health management and planning. We aimed at determining a biogeographic regionalization for human infectious diseases in Brazil, and at investigating non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses predicting the observed regions.MethodsBased on the spatial distributions of 12 infectious diseases with mandatory notification (SINAN database, 2007–2020, n = 15,839), we identified regions through a clustering procedure based on beta‐diversity turnover. The analysis was repeated 1000 times by randomly shuffling the rows (0.5° cells) in the original matrix. We evaluated the relative importance of variables using multinomial logistic regression models: contemporary climate (temperature and precipitation), human activity (population density and geographic accessibility), land cover (11 classes), and the full model (all variables). We refined the geographic boundaries of each cluster by polygonising their kernel densities to identify clusters' core zones.ResultsThe two‐cluster solution showed the best correspondence between disease ranges and clusters geographic limits. The largest cluster occurred with more density in the central and northeastern regions, while the smaller and complementary cluster occurred in the south and southeastern region. The best model for explaining the regionalization was the full model, supporting the ‘complex association hypothesis’. The heatmap showed a NE‐S directional display of the cluster's densities, and core zones showed geographic correspondence with tropical + arid (NE) versus temperate (S) climates.ConclusionOur findings indicate that there is a discernible latitudinal pattern in the turnover of disease in Brazil, and this phenomenon is associated with an intricate interplay between contemporary climate, population activity, and land cover. This generalised biogeographic pattern may offer the earliest insights into the geographic arrangement of diseases in the country. We suggested that the latitudinal pattern could be adopted as a nationwide framework for geographic vaccine allocation.