bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arctic Sea Ice Loss Weakens Northern Hemisphere Summertime Storminess but Not Until the Late 21st Century
Authors: Kang Joonsuk M. , Shaw Tiffany A. , Sun Lantao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObservations show Arctic sea ice has declined and midlatitude storminess has weakened during Northern Hemisphere (NH) summertime. It is currently unclear whether Arctic sea ice loss impacts summertime storminess because most previous work focuses on other seasons. Here we quantify the impact of Arctic sea ice loss on NH summertime storminess using equilibrium and transient climate model simulations. The equilibrium simulations show mid‐to‐late 21st century Arctic sea ice loss weakens summertime storminess, but only in the presence of ocean coupling. With ocean coupling, the equator‐to‐pole temperature and atmospheric energy gradients significantly weaken due to increased surface turbulent flux in the polar region following Arctic sea ice loss. The transient simulations show Arctic sea ice loss does not significantly weaken summertime storminess until the late 21st century. Furthermore, Arctic Amplification, which is dominated by Arctic sea ice loss in the present day, does not significantly impact the present‐day weakening of summertime storminess.
Detection and Characterization of a Coronal Mass Ejection Using Interplanetary Scintillation Measurements From the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Morgan J. , McCauley P. I. , Waszewski A. , Ekers R. , Chhetri R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe have shown previously that the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), can detect 100s of Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) sources simultaneously across a field of view (FoV) ∼30° in extent. To test if we can use this capability to track heliospheric structures, we undertook a search of 88 hr of MWA IPS data, and identified an observation likely to have a significant Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) in the FoV. We demonstrate that in a single 5‐min MWA observation we are able to localize and image a CME ∼33 hr after launch at an elongation of ∼37° from the Sun. We use IPS observables to constrain the kinematics of the CME, and describe how MWA IPS observations can be used in the future to make a unique contribution to heliospheric modeling efforts.
Bending of the Western Mongolian Blocks Initiated the Late Triassic Closure of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean and Formation of the Tuva‐Mongol Orocline
Authors: Zhao Pan , Appel Erwin , Deng Chenglong , Xu Bei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBending of ribbon continents or arcs is an important tectonic process for reconstructing central Asia. Formation of the striking Tuva‐Mongol Orocline by closure of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean (MOO) has long been proposed, but coupling of the two geological events has not been well illustrated, hindering our understanding of tectonic evolution of central Asia. In order to constrain age of initial closure of the MOO in its western segment and formation of the Tuva‐Mongol Orocline, we performed paleomagnetic studies on the Late Triassic clastic rocks in the Amuria Block (AMB; 17 sites) and the Tarvagatay Block (TVB; 10 sites) of the western Mongolian blocks (WMB) on both sides of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Suture. Rock magnetic investigations show hematite and magnetite as main magnetic carriers of the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM). The ChRM directions from both regions pass fold and/or reversal tests and can be considered as primary remanent magnetization. Combining the overlapped new paleomagnetic poles (AMB: λ/φ = 70.4°N/233.8°E, A95 = 4.6°; TVB: λ/φ = 70.5°N/248.2°E, A95 = 9.0°) with geological evidence, we propose that the bending of the WMB following its collision with the Siberia Craton resulted in the Late Triassic closure of the MOO in its western segment, and initiated the formation of the Tuva‐Mongol Orocline.
Reduction of Multi‐Port Water Distribution Networks Using the Generalized Thevenin Theorem
Authors: Balireddy Raman , Chakravorty Anjan , Bhallamudi S. Murty , Kuiry S. Nath 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExpansion and reorganization of water distribution networks by connecting sub‐networks via single or multiple pipes are common practices in developing cities to serve newly developed areas. In that context, the existing large network is often replaced with its equivalent simplified network for the optimal design of the upcoming sub‐networks to avoid the computational burden. The reservoir‐pump model is frequently used by practicing hydraulic engineers to replace an existing one; however, such a model should be applied only when the networks are connected through a single pipe. In this study, a new network reduction methodology is developed for multi‐port connections utilizing the analogy between electrical circuits and hydraulic networks. The equivalent simple network is obtained by suitably applying the generalized Thevenin theorem for electrical circuits. The number of network elements in the equivalent network is significantly reduced compared to the ones obtained by the existing water distribution network (WDN) reduction methods. Therefore, it is possible to reorganize and expand a large existing network system from a prior knowledge of its most sensitive parts. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed methodology are investigated on realistic WDNs by comparing the results with EPANET, for both Demand Driven Analysis and Pressure Driven Analysis. However, as of now, an electrical simulator is required to implement the proposed methodology due to the absence of current dependent voltage source model in hydraulic simulators. The proposed network reduction method can be of enormous utility for hydraulic engineers and opens up an opportunity to implement new elements in hydraulic simulators.
Explainable multi-task learning for multi-modality biological data analysis
Authors: Tang Xin , Zhang Jiawei , He Yichun , Zhang Xinhe , Lin Zuwan , Partarrieu Sebastian , Hanna Emma Bou , Ren Zhaolin , Shen Hao , Yang Yuhong , Wang Xiao , Li Na , Ding Jie , Liu Jia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCurrent biotechnologies can simultaneously measure multiple high-dimensional modalities (e.g., RNA, DNA accessibility, and protein) from the same cells. A combination of different analytical tasks (e.g., multi-modal integration and cross-modal analysis) is required to comprehensively understand such data, inferring how gene regulation drives biological diversity and functions. However, current analytical methods are designed to perform a single task, only providing a partial picture of the multi-modal data. Here, we present UnitedNet, an explainable multi-task deep neural network capable of integrating different tasks to analyze single-cell multi-modality data. Applied to various multi-modality datasets (e.g., Patch-seq, multiome ATAC + gene expression, and spatial transcriptomics), UnitedNet demonstrates similar or better accuracy in multi-modal integration and cross-modal prediction compared with state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, by dissecting the trained UnitedNet with the explainable machine learning algorithm, we can directly quantify the relationship between gene expression and other modalities with cell-type specificity. UnitedNet is a comprehensive end-to-end framework that could be broadly applicable to single-cell multi-modality biology. This framework has the potential to facilitate the discovery of cell-type-specific regulation kinetics across transcriptomics and other modalities.
Designing reliable and accurate isotope-tracer experiments for CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Wang Shengyao , Jiang Bo , Henzie Joel , Xu Feiyan , Liu Chengyuan , Meng Xianguang , Zou Sirong , Song Hui , Pan Yang , Li Hexing , Yu Jiaguo , Chen Hao , Ye Jinhua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into renewable synthetic fuels is an attractive approach for generating alternative energy feedstocks that may compete with and eventually displace fossil fuels. However, it is challenging to accurately trace the products of CO2 photoreduction on account of the poor conversion efficiency of these reactions and the imperceptible introduced carbon contamination. Isotope-tracing experiments have been used to solve this problem, but they frequently yield false-positive results because of improper experimental execution and, in some cases, insufficient rigor. Thus, it is imperative that accurate and effective strategies for evaluating various potential products of CO2 photoreduction are developed for the field. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate that the contemporary approach toward isotope-tracing experiments in CO2 photoreduction is not necessarily rigorous. Several examples of where pitfalls and misunderstandings arise, consequently making isotope product traceability difficult, are demonstrated. Further, we develop and describe standard guidelines for isotope-tracing experiments in CO2 photoreduction reactions and then verify the procedure using some reported photoreduction systems.
Mucosal immunity in health care workers’ respiratory tracts in the post-COVID-19 period
Authors: Kryukova Nadezhda , Baranova Irina , Abramova Natalia , Khromova Ekaterina , Pachomov Dmitry , Svitich Oksana , Chuchalin Alexander , Kostinov Mikhail 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) has generated interest in the assessment of systemic immune status, but existing knowledge about mucosal immunity is clearly insufficient to understand the full pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of novel coronavirus infection on mucosal immunity in the postinfection period among health care workers (HCWs). A total of 180 health care workers with and without a history of COVID-19 who ranged in age from 18 to 65 years were enrolled in this one-stage, cross-sectional study. The study subjects completed the 36-Item Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) and the Fatigue Assessment Scale. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were quantified in saliva samples, induced sputum samples, and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal scrapings by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were quantified in serum samples by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Analysis of the questionnaire data showed that all HCWs with a history of COVID-19 reported health problems that limited their daily activities and negative changes in their emotional health three months after the disease, regardless of its severity. The following shifts were detected in the adaptive arm of the immune response in different mucosal compartments. Among subjects who had severe or moderate-to-severe COVID-19, salivary sIgA levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively). Compared to the subjects in the control group, all subjects with prior COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of total IgG in induced sputum. In the group of patients who had had severe infection, total IgG in saliva was also higher (p < 0.05). A direct statistically significant correlation was also detected between the levels of total IgG in all studied samples and the levels of specific IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the serum. A significant correlation was observed between total IgG levels and the parameters of physical and social activities, mental health, and fatigue levels. Our study demonstrated long-term changes in the humoral mucosal immune response, which were most pronounced in health care workers with a history of severe or moderate-to-severe COVID-19, and an association of these changes with certain clinical signs of post-COVID-19 syndrome.
En-face optical coherence tomography hyperreflective foci of choriocapillaris in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Hwang Bo-Een , Kim Joo-Young , Kim Rae-Young , Kim Mirinae , Park Young-Geun , Park Young-Hoon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate choroidal hyperreflective foci (HRF) changes in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) on en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT). Retrospective analysis of 42 patients with unilateral CSC (84 eyes, including fellow eyes for controls) and 42 age- and sex-matched controls. With 4.5 × 4.5 mm macular scans, structural en-face OCT choriocapillaris (CC) slabs were used to calculate the density and number of HRF in acute CSC eyes with serous retinal detachment (SRD), resolved CSC eyes without SRD, unaffected fellow eyes, control eyes, and 1-year follow-up eyes. Based on the 2-disc diameter (3000 μm), the en-face OCT scan was divided into foveal and perifoveal lesion and analyzed to consider the impact of SRF in HRF measurement. Regression analyses were performed on the several factors with HRF number and density in the acute and resolved CSC eyes. The perifoveal density and number of CC HRF was significantly lower in the resolved CSC eyes when compared to the acute CSC eyes (P = 0.002, both), fellow eyes (P = 0.042/density, 0.028/number), and controls (P = 0.021/density, P = 0.003/number). There was no significant difference between the acute CSC eyes, fellow eyes, controls, and 1-year follow-up eyes. As subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased and choroidal vascularity (CVI) increased, the perifoveal density and number of HRF was measured higher with a significant correlation in univariate regression analysis of the acute and resolved CSC eyes (all, P < 0.05). The authors hypothesized that stromal edema induced by choroidal congestion and hyperpermeability has the greatest influence on HRF measurement, possibly affected by inflammatory cells and materials extravasation.
Bone mineral density and microarchitecture change during skeletal growth in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German coast
Authors: Delsmann Julian , Schmidt Britta , Oheim Ralf , Amling Michael , Rolvien Tim , Siebert Ursula 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcross species, the skeletal system shares mutual functions, including the protection of inner organs, structural basis for locomotion, and acting as an endocrine organ, thus being of pivotal importance for survival. However, insights into skeletal characteristics of marine mammals are limited, especially in the growing skeleton. Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are common marine mammals in the North and Baltic Seas and are suitable indicators of the condition of their ecosystem. Here, we analyzed whole-body areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and lumbar vertebrae by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in neonate, juvenile, and adult harbor seals. Along skeletal growth, an increase in two-dimensional aBMD by DXA was paralleled by three-dimensional volumetric BMD by HR-pQCT, which could be attributed to an increasing trabecular thickness while trabecular number remained constant. Strong associations were observed between body dimensions (weight and length) and aBMD and trabecular microarchitecture (R2 = 0.71–0.92, all p < 0.001). To validate the results of the DXA measurement (i.e., the standard method used worldwide to diagnose osteoporosis in humans), we performed linear regression analyses with the three-dimensional measurements from the HR-pQCT method, which revealed strong associations between the two imaging techniques (e.g., aBMD and Tb.Th: R2 = 0.96, p < 0.0001). Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of systematic skeletal investigations in marine mammals during growth, illustrating the high accuracy of DXA in this context. Regardless of the limited sample size, the observed trabecular thickening is likely to represent a distinct pattern of vertebral bone maturation. As differences in nutritional status, among other factors, are likely to affect skeletal health, it appears essential to routinely perform skeletal assessments in marine mammals. Placing the results in the context of environmental exposures may allow effective measures to protect their populations.
Reduction of rupture risk in ICA aneurysms by endovascular techniques of coiling and stent: numerical study
Authors: Rostamian Ali , Fallah Keivan , Rostamiyan Yasser 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe initiation, growth, and rupture of cerebral aneurysms are directly associated with Hemodynamic factors. This report tries to disclose effects of endovascular technique (coiling and stenting) on the quantitative intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic and the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. In this paper, Computational Fluid Dynamic are done to investigate and compare blood hemodynamic inside aneurysm under effects of deformation (due to stent) and coiling of aneurysm. The blood stream inside the sac of aneurysm as well as pressure and OSI distribution on the aneurysm wall are compared in nine cases and results of two distinctive cases are compared and reported. Obtained results specifies that the mean WSS is reduced up to 20% via coiling of the aneurysm while the deformation of the aneurysm (applying stent) could reduce the mean WSS up to 71%. In addition, comparison of the blood hemodynamic shows that the blood bifurcation occurs in the dome of aneurysm when endovascular technique for the treatment is not applied. It is found that the bifurcation occurs at ostium section when ICA aneurysm is deformed by the application of stent. The impacts of coiling are mainly limited since the blood flow entrance is not limited in this technique and WSS is not reduced substantial. However, usage of stent deforms the aneurysm angle with the orientation of parent vessel and this reduces blood velocity at entrance of the ostium and consequently, WSS is decreased when deformation of the aneurysm fully occurs. These qualitative procedures provide a preliminary idea for more profound quantitative examination intended for assigning aneurysm risk of upcoming rupture.
Investigation of composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic characteristics from Juniperus sabina and Ferula communis extracts
Authors: Kavaz Doga , Faraj Razan El Khaled El 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlants have been one the most valuable sources of biologically active compounds. This study investigates the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of methanolic and ethanolic extracts from Juniperus sabina and Ferula communis leaves, grown in Cyprus. Total phenolic and flavonoids content of methanol and ethanol extracts were quantified. Chemical constituents of the leaf extracts were analysed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Mome inositol was the predominant component in the J. Sabina’s extracts. The most dominant component in F. communis ethanolic extract was phytol, while in FCL methanolic extract 1,3,4,5 tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging ability. Antioxidant activity results revealed concentration dependent activity for methanolic and ethanolic extracts from the plant leaves. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts was tested against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria using disk diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration methods. Cytotoxic activity of plant extracts were evaluated on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, where they demonstrated their potential on the viability of both cell lines. The biological activity revealed by plants is due to the bioactive compounds found in the extracts. These bioactive components could be used as anticancer drug candidates.
Heart disease risk factors detection from electronic health records using advanced NLP and deep learning techniques
Authors: Houssein Essam H. , Mohamed Rehab E. , Ali Abdelmgeid A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHeart disease remains the major cause of death, despite recent improvements in prediction and prevention. Risk factor identification is the main step in diagnosing and preventing heart disease. Automatically detecting risk factors for heart disease in clinical notes can help with disease progression modeling and clinical decision-making. Many studies have attempted to detect risk factors for heart disease, but none have identified all risk factors. These studies have proposed hybrid systems that combine knowledge-driven and data-driven techniques, based on dictionaries, rules, and machine learning methods that require significant human effort. The National Center for Informatics for Integrating Biology and Beyond (i2b2) proposed a clinical natural language processing (NLP) challenge in 2014, with a track (track2) focused on detecting risk factors for heart disease risk factors in clinical notes over time. Clinical narratives provide a wealth of information that can be extracted using NLP and Deep Learning techniques. The objective of this paper is to improve on previous work in this area as part of the 2014 i2b2 challenge by identifying tags and attributes relevant to disease diagnosis, risk factors, and medications by providing advanced techniques of using stacked word embeddings. The i2b2 heart disease risk factors challenge dataset has shown significant improvement by using the approach of stacking embeddings, which combines various embeddings. Our model achieved an F1 score of 93.66% by using BERT and character embeddings (CHARACTER-BERT Embedding) stacking. The proposed model has significant results compared to all other models and systems that we developed for the 2014 i2b2 challenge.
Underscoring the effect of swab type, workflow, and positive sample order on swab pooling for COVID-19 surveillance testing
Authors: Kalinowski Maxwell J. , Hartigan Devon R. , Lojek Neal M. , Buchholz Bryan O. , Ghezzi Chiara E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSample pooling is a promising strategy to facilitate COVID-19 surveillance testing for a larger population in comparison to individual single testing due to resource and time constraints. Increased surveillance testing capacity will reduce the likelihood of outbreaks as the general population is returning to work, school, and other gatherings. We have analyzed the impact of three variables on the effectiveness of pooling test samples: swab type, workflow, and positive sample order. We investigated the performance of several commercially available swabs (Steripack polyester flocked, Puritan nylon flocked, Puritan foam) in comparison to a new injected molded design (Yukon). The bench-top performance of collection swab was conducted with a previously developed anterior nasal cavity tissue model, based on a silk-glycerol sponge to mimic soft tissue mechanics and saturated with a physiologically relevant synthetic nasal fluid spiked with heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2. Overall, we demonstrated statistically significant differences in performance across the different swab types. A characterization of individual swab uptake (gravimetric analysis) and FITC microparticle release suggests that differences in absorbance and retention drive the observed differences in Ct of the pooled samples. We also proposed two distinct pooling workflows to encompass different community collection modes and analyzed the difference in resulting positive pools as an effect of workflow, swab type, and positive sample order. Overall, swab types with lower volume retention resulted in reduced false negative occurrence, also observed for collection workflows with limited incubation times. Concurrently, positive sample order did have a significant impact on pooling test outcome, particularly in the case of swab type with great volume retention. We demonstrated that the variables investigated here affect the results of pooled COVID-19 testing, and therefore should be considered while designing pooled surveillance testing.