bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtuous spillover effects of quality penalties on the continuity of health care
Authors: Deore Aishwarrya , Krishnan Ranjani , Nair Anand 
Published: April 2023

Ensuring continuity of care for patients after an intensive hospitalization episode is a complex dilemma that plagues the US health‐care system. Despite its influence on health outcomes such as mortality and readmissions, it is difficult to construct policy instruments such as report cards or penalties for improving continuity of care due to the fragmented nature of post‐intensive hospitalization care. However, policy instruments that target other related health outcomes can also benefit continuity of care. We examine whether a quality regulation that penalized hospitals for excess readmissions has implications for an unregulated aspect, that is, continuity of care through intra‐ailment and spillover effects. Intra ‐ailment effects occur from the effects of penalty regulation on the continuity of care of ailments targeted for regulation. Spillovers occur from the effects of penalty regulation on continuity of care for ailments that were not targeted by the policy but share complementarities with targeted ailments. We conduct difference‐in‐differences analyses using patient‐level data for 2004–2014 from the state of California. Our empirical strategy utilizes the nature of the hospital production function, which is organized by medically related specialties. We construct three cohorts of patients, all of whom belong to specialties that house the ailments targeted for readmission penalties. These include (1) ailments targeted by the penalty policy for readmissions, (2) closely related, non‐targeted ailments, and (3) unrelated ailments. Results reveal evidence of intra‐ailment effects, which manifest as increases in continuity of care of targeted ailments, and spillovers, which manifest as increases in continuity of care of non‐targeted but related ailments. We find that processual mechanisms, such as the source of patient admissions and length of stay, and structural mechanisms, such as system size, accentuate the intra‐ailment effects. Our study provides novel insights into how quality regulation can have intra‐ailment and spillover effects and bespeaks the importance of incorporating these effects in the regulatory benefit‐cost calculus.
The role of cross‐sector partnerships in the dynamics between places and innovation ecosystems
Authors: Dzhengiz Tulin , Patala Samuli 
Published: April 2023

The dynamics between places and innovation ecosystems and the role that cross‐sector partnerships (CSPs) can play in regenerating places and in revitalizing innovation ecosystems remain poorly theorized. In this study we use two cases – Humber (UK) and Southwest Finland – to develop a conceptual model that demonstrates the vicious and virtuous dynamics between places and innovation ecosystems. We show that CSPs can act as herding spaces – arenas where actors from different organizations get together to address a common purpose and connect with the institutional context – and alter these vicious and virtuous dynamics. Specifically, our findings shed light on four mechanisms that enable CSPs to act as herding spaces and so to help break away from the vicious (vitalizing role) and reinforce the virtuous (nurturing role) dynamics between places and innovation ecosystems: recognition of place‐based challenges, improvement or utilization of place attachment, development of purpose ecosystems, and direct engagement in place regeneration activities.
Medication‐related osteonecrosis in torus palatinus: Report of a case and literature review
Authors: Correia‐Neto Ivan José , Colafemina Ana Carolina Evangelista , Faustino Isabel Schausltz Pereira , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Lopes Márcio Ajudarte 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw bones have been frequently reported. However, its occurrence in torus palatinus is very rare with only 10 cases published in the English‐language literature.Case reportWe describe an additional case in a 79‐year‐old woman, who was referred for evaluation of a painful swelling with areas of suppuration on the hard palate.ConclusionConservative treatment was performed and after spontaneous sequestrectomy, total healing was achieved.
Training of medical students in the use of emergency whole blood collection and transfusion in the framework of a civilian walking blood
Authors: Apelseth Torunn O. , Kristoffersen Einar K. , Strandenes Geir , Hervig Tor 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn this report, we describe a training program in emergency whole blood collection and transfusion for medical students at the University of Bergen. The overall aim of the program is to improve the availability of early balanced blood transfusion for the treatment of patients with life‐threatening bleeding in rural health care services.Study Design and MethodsThe voluntary training program provides the knowledge needed to practice emergency whole blood transfusions and understand the system for emergency whole blood collection in the framework of a civilian walking blood bank (WBB). It includes theoretical and practical sessions. In‐person teaching and web‐based learning resources are provided. An anonymous survey of the students attending the training course in the autumn of 2022 and spring 2023 was performed.Results128 of 178 students participated in the practical training. 88 of 128 (69%) responded to the survey. 82 (93%) performed blood typing, 71 (81%) performed donor interviews, 61 (69%) partially performed whole blood collection (up to blood in bag) and 27 (30%) participated in complete whole blood collection and performed autologous reinfusion. No complications occurred during training. The students reported that the training course increased their understanding of how to ensure access to emergency blood transfusion by the use of a WBB.DiscussionStructured theoretical and practical training in emergency whole blood collection and emergency transfusion is feasible and of interest to medical students. A multidisciplinary approach to student training in emergency whole blood collection and transfusion should be considered.
Analysis of a current water tariff and attitudes towards change: A representative study from a Palestinian city
Authors: Al‐Khatib Issam A. , Ali Ala' Abu , Hung Yung‐Tse 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe problem of an outdated tariff has become acute recently with increased water scarcity in Palestine. Therefore, the goals of the study were to analyse the factors that could affect the water consumption in Jericho governorate, Palestine; explore societal perceptions of alternative water sources; and to identify areas that need to be re‐examined for tariff revision or changes to water source and delivery. A total of 76% of the respondents know the water tariff price, and 61% of the sample considers the tariff as high. Future suggestions to raise the price of water will meet resistance. Interestingly, 66% of the respondents agree with the possible future use of treated wastewater, and 46% of the respondents emphasize that treated wastewater is the most favoured solution for water scarcity. Overall, the results indicate the public identifies water conservation as possible and that alternative actions can be applied in order to manage and conserve water resources.
Ability of the Seventh Cervical Vertebra Wall Distance to Determine Mobility Deficits of Older Adults
Authors: Amatachaya Sugalya , Suwannarat Patcharawan , Wiyanad Apassanan , Chokphukia Pakwipa , Sooknuan Thanat , Amatachaya Pipatana 
Published: April 2023

Thoracic hyperkyphosis could affect mobility and independence of older adults. However, there was no clear evidence on the use of the seventh cervical vertebra wall distance (C7WD), a practical measure for thoracic hyperkyphosis, to indicate mobility deficits relating to independence of these individuals. This study explored the ability of C7WD to determine mobility impairments in 104 older adults. Participants (average age of 74.1 ± 7.4 years) with various degree of thoracic kyphosis were cross-sectionally measured for their C7WD, mobility, and Cobb angle. The findings indicate that participants with thoracic hyperkyphosis (Cobb angle = 46.1 ± 5.2°) had significantly poorer mobility than those without thoracic hyperkyphosis (Cobb angle = 32.8 ± 5.9°, p < .05). A C7WD of ≥7.8 cm could indicate mobility deficits of the participants (sensitivity = 71%–92%, specificity = 75%–94%, and area under the curve >0.80). The findings confirm the ability of C7WD that could be clinically measured using rulers to indicate mobility deficits of older adults.
A Proposal for an “Environmental Sports Journalism” (ESJ) Approach: Principles and Illustrative Examples From Coverage of the Rio 2016 and PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Games
Authors: Wilson Brian , Yoon Liv 
Published: April 2023

This article introduces/rationalizes an attempt to conceptualize “environmental sports journalism (ESJ).” ESJ refers to a set of principles for analyzing and/or reporting on media coverage of sport-related environmental issues—principles intended to support/promote dialogue and nuanced thinking about these issues and about how sports journalism might contribute to environmentally friendly and just outcomes. To clarify features of ESJ and explore benefits/challenges of ESJ, we include illustrative examples of ESJ from media coverage of: (a) polluted harbor water used for the 2016 Rio Olympic and Paralympic Summer Games and (b) the razing of an ancient forest for a ski facility for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. We conclude with reflections on the potential/limits of ESJ and suggestions for work on sport, journalism, and environmental issues.
Consensus molecular environment of schizophrenia risk genes in coexpression networks shifting across age and brain regions
Authors: Pergola Giulio , Parihar Madhur , Sportelli Leonardo , Bharadwaj Rahul , Borcuk Christopher , Radulescu Eugenia , Bellantuono Loredana , Blasi Giuseppe , Chen Qiang , Kleinman Joel E. , Wang Yanhong , Sripathy Srinidhi Rao , Maher Brady J. , Monaco Alfonso , Rossi Fabiana , Shin Joo Heon , Hyde Thomas M. , Bertolino Alessandro , Weinberger Daniel R. 
Published: April 2023

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental brain disorder whose genetic risk is associated with shifting clinical phenomena across the life span. We investigated the convergence of putative schizophrenia risk genes in brain coexpression networks in postmortem human prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), hippocampus, caudate nucleus, and dentate gyrus granule cells, parsed by specific age periods (total
N
= 833). The results support an early prefrontal involvement in the biology underlying schizophrenia and reveal a dynamic interplay of regions in which age parsing explains more variance in schizophrenia risk compared to lumping all age periods together. Across multiple data sources and publications, we identify 28 genes that are the most consistently found partners in modules enriched for schizophrenia risk genes in DLPFC; twenty-three are previously unidentified associations with schizophrenia. In iPSC-derived neurons, the relationship of these genes with schizophrenia risk genes is maintained. The genetic architecture of schizophrenia is embedded in shifting coexpression patterns across brain regions and time, potentially underwriting its shifting clinical presentation.
Machine Generation of Audio Description for Blind and Visually Impaired People
Authors: Campos Virgínia P. , Gonçalves Luiz M. G. , Ribeiro Wesnydy L. , Araújo Tiago M. U. , Do Rego Thaís G. , Figueiredo Pedro H. V. , Vieira Suanny F. S. , Costa Thiago F. S. , Moraes Caio C. , Cruz Alexandre C. S. , Araújo Felipe A. , Souza Filho Guido L. 
Published: April 2023

Automating the generation of audio descriptions (AD) for blind and visually impaired (BVI) people is a difficult task, since it has several challenges involved, such as: identifying gaps in dialogues; describing the essential elements; summarizing and fitting the descriptions into the dialogue gaps; generating an AD narration track, and synchronizing it with the main soundtrack. In our previous work (Campos et al. [
6
]), we propose a solution for automatic AD script generation, named CineAD, which uses the movie’s script as a basis for the AD generation. This article proposes extending this solution to complement the information extracted from the script and reduce its dependency based on the classification of visual information from the video. To assess the viability of the proposed solution, we implemented a proof of concept of the solution and evaluated it with 11 blind users. The results showed that the solution could generate a more succinct and objective AD but with a similar users’ level of understanding compared to our previous work. Thus, the solution can provide relevant information to blind users using less video time for descriptions.
Road Network Representation Learning: A Dual Graph-based Approach
Authors: Zhang Liang , Long Cheng 
Published: April 2023

Road network is a critical infrastructure powering many applications including transportation, mobility and logistics in real life. To leverage the input of a road network across these different applications, it is necessary to learn the representations of the roads in the form of vectors, which is namedroad network representation learning(RNRL). While several models have been proposed for RNRL, they capture the pairwise relationships/connections among roads only (i.e., as a simple graph), and fail to capture among roads the high-order relationships (e.g., those roads that jointly form a local region usually have similar features such as speed limit) and long-range relationships (e.g., some roads that are far apart may have similar semantics such as being roads in residential areas). Motivated by this, we propose to construct ahypergraph, where each hyperedge corresponds to a set of multiple roads forming a region. The constructed hypergraph would naturally capture the high-order relationships among roads with hyperedges. We then allow information propagation via both the edges in the simple graph and the hyperedges in the hypergraph in a graph neural network context. In addition, we introduce different pretext tasks based on both the simple graph (i.e., graph reconstruction) and the hypergraph (including hypergraph reconstruction and hyperedge classification) for optimizing the representations of roads. The graph reconstruction and hypergraph reconstruction tasks are conventional ones and can capture structural information. The hyperedge classification task can capture long-range relationships between pairs of roads that belong to hyperedges with the same label. We call the resulting modelHyperRoad. We further extend HyperRoad to problem settings when additional inputs of road attributes and/or trajectories that are generated on the roads are available. We conduct extensive experiments on two real datasets, for five downstream tasks, and under four problem settings, which demonstrate that our model achieves impressive improvements compared with existing baselines across datasets, tasks, problem settings, and performance metrics.CCS Concepts: • Information systems→Data mining; • Urban computing; • Spatial-temporal systems;
DNA Methylation Landscapes of Prostate Cancer Brain Metastasis Are Shaped by Early Driver Genetic Alterations
Authors: Gallon John , Rodriguez-Calero Antonio , Benjak Andrej , Akhoundova Dilara , Maletti Sina , Amstutz Ursula , Hewer Ekkehard , Genitsch Vera , Fleischmann Achim , Rushing Elisabeth J. , Grobholz Rainer , Fischer Ingeborg , Jochum Wolfram , Cathomas Gieri , Osunkoya Adeboye O. , Bubendorf Lukas , Moch Holger , Thalmann George , Feng Felix Y. , Gillessen Silke , Ng Charlotte K.Y. , Rubin Mark A. , Piscuoglio Salvatore 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetastases from primary prostate cancers to rare locations, such as the brain, are becoming more common due to longer life expectancy resulting from improved treatments. Epigenetic dysregulation is a feature of primary prostate cancer, and distinct DNA methylation profiles have been shown to be associated with the mutually exclusive SPOP-mutant or TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genetic backgrounds. Using a cohort of prostate cancer brain metastases (PCBM) from 42 patients, with matched primary tumors for 17 patients, we carried out a DNA methylation analysis to examine the epigenetic distinction between primary prostate cancer and PCBM, the association between epigenetic alterations and mutational background, and particular epigenetic alterations that may be associated with PCBM. Multiregion sampling of PCBM revealed epigenetic stability within metastases. Aberrant methylation in PCBM was associated with mutational background and PRC2 complex activity, an effect that is particularly pronounced in SPOP-mutant PCBM. While PCBM displayed a CpG island hypermethylator phenotype, hypomethylation at the promoters of genes involved in neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction and cell adhesion molecules such as GABRB3, CLDN8, and CLDN4 was also observed, suggesting that cells from primary tumors may require specific reprogramming to form brain metastasis. This study revealed the DNA methylation landscapes of PCBM and the potential mechanisms and effects of PCBM-associated aberrant DNA methylation.Significance:DNA methylation analysis reveals the molecular characteristics of PCBM and may serve as a starting point for efforts to identify and target susceptibilities of these rare metastases.
Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics Deconvolutes Prognostic Histological Subgroups in Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Synchronous Liver Metastases
Authors: Wood Colin S. , Pennel Kathryn A.F. , Leslie Holly , Legrini Assya , Cameron Andrew J. , Melissourgou-Syka Lydia , Quinn Jean A. , van Wyk Hester C. , Hay Jennifer , Roseweir Antonia K. , Nixon Colin , Roxburgh Campbell S.D. , McMillan Donald C. , Biankin Andrew V. , Sansom Owen J. , Horgan Paul G. , Edwards Joanne , Steele Colin W. , Jamieson Nigel B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStrong immune responses in primary colorectal cancer correspond with better patient survival following surgery compared with tumors with predominantly stromal microenvironments. However, biomarkers to identify patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) with good prognosis following surgery for oligometastatic disease remain elusive. The aim of this study was to determine the practical application of a simple histological assessment of immune cell infiltration and stromal content in predicting outcome following synchronous resection of primary colorectal cancer and CRLM and to interrogate the underlying functional biology that drives disease progression. Samples from patients undergoing synchronous resection of primary colorectal cancer and CRLM were evaluated in detail through histological assessment, panel genomic and bulk transcriptomic assessment, IHC, and GeoMx spatial transcriptomics (ST) analysis. High immune infiltration of metastases was associated with improved cancer-specific survival. Bulk transcriptomic analysis was confounded by stromal content, but ST demonstrated that the invasive edge of the metastases of long-term survivors was characterized by adaptive immune cell populations enriched for type II IFN signaling and MHC-class II antigen presentation. In contrast, patients with poor prognosis demonstrated increased abundance of regulatory T cells and neutrophils with enrichment of Notch and TGFβ signaling pathways at the metastatic tumor center. In summary, histological assessment can stratify outcomes in patients undergoing synchronous resection of CRLM, suggesting that it has potential as a prognostic biomarker. Furthermore, ST analysis has revealed significant intratumoral and interlesional heterogeneity and identified the underlying transcriptomic programs driving each phenotype.Significance:Spatial transcriptomics uncovers heterogeneity between patients, between matched lesions in the same patient, and within individual lesions and identifies drivers of metastatic progression in colorectal cancer with reactive and suppressed immune microenvironments.
A New Frontier for Cancer Genetics: Identification of Germline–Somatic Associations
Authors: Kar Siddhartha P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStudies of the inherited or germline genome have identified rare mutations with large effects and common polymorphisms of more modest effect sizes that are associated with cancer risk. This research has substantially illuminated the etiology and development of cancer, with particular relevance to cancer prevention. In parallel, studies of the somatic or tumor genome have been instrumental in identifying the key drivers of cancer progression, significantly informing modern cancer therapy. While these studies have thus far largely been performed separately, integrative studies where the germline and somatic genomes are mapped in the same individuals have the potential to yield novel and holistic insights into cancer biology. In this issue of Cancer Research, Liu and colleagues report the results of integrative germline–somatic analyses in over 12,000 patients with cancer and 11 cancer types, identifying several associations where inherited variants that regulate the expression of a nearby gene in normal tissues are associated with tumor mutations in the same gene or with genome-wide somatic traits such as the tumor mutational burden. Although considerable follow-up work is required, the study is an important contribution to an emerging body of evidence that is demonstrating that the germline has a vital role in shaping the tumor genome.See related article by Liu et al., p. 1191
Fueling the Tumor Microenvironment with Cancer-Associated Adipocytes
Authors: Bouche Caroline , Quail Daniela F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite their abundance throughout the body, adipocytes are often ignored for their contributions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, their role in fueling cancer is becoming increasingly apparent as interest in the TME has seen remarkable advances in recent years. A seminal study by Dirat and colleagues highlighted the essential impact of the peritumoral adipose tissue in breast cancer progression and was among the first to demonstrate that tumor cells can reprogram adipocytes within their immediate niche to adopt unique characteristics. These “cancer-associated adipocytes” (CAA) were found to exchange cytokines and lipids with tumor cells, leading to their metabolic rewiring and acquisition of proinflammatory and invasive phenotypes. These important discoveries have represented a breakthrough in understanding the bidirectional metabolic dialog between adipocytes and tumor cells, and have contributed renewed perspectives on the functional contributions of adipocytes within the TME. Moreover, the effects of CAA may be further amplified in the setting of obesity as lipids dramatically accumulate, providing insights into the link between breast cancer and its more advanced clinical state in obese conditions. Thus, the different molecular actors involved in the dialog between tumor cells and CAA represent promising therapeutic targets that may have particular relevance in improving prognosis in obese patients with cancer.See related article by Dirat and colleagues, Cancer Res 2011;71:2455–65.