bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of COVID-19 among Individuals Belonging to Rural Part of Bihar
Authors: Kotoki Rituraj , Bobdey Saurabh , Kansara Nikunj Kumar , Yadav Arun Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Aim and Objective:
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of individuals residing in the rural part of Bihar toward COVID-19.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study from September 10, 2020, to September 29, 2020, with the help of a prevalidated questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to individuals living in the different rural parts of the Patna district in Bihar. People from the age group of 16 years and above were included in the study. Health-care workers, Anganwadi workers, and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) were excluded from the study.

Results:
Out of 385 study participants, 58.7% were males. The majority of the respondents belonged to the age group of 26–35 years (39.2%). 64.9% of the study participants were working in the private sector, and 5.5% were unemployed. The majority of the participants (98.44%) agreed regarding the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic and had adequate knowledge about symptoms of COVID-19. The female knowledge score was slightly more than males, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.5). Furthermore, 97.4% of the study participants were aware that there is no specific cure for the disease. Higher income was associated with higher knowledge, attitude, and practice.

Conclusion:
The participants had significant knowledge about COVID-19 and acceptable practices toward its protective measures. However, there was continuing movement of participants to meet relatives and friends.
Assessment of the Status of Emergency Obstetric Care Services in Primary Health-Care Centers in Selected Local Government Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Jaja Ishmael D. , Ogolodom Michael Promise 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Reducing maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity are major public health concern globally and demands policies and commitments, strategy formulations and implementation and improved health-care service delivery and management. This study aimed to evaluate the status of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) services in primary health care centers in selected local government areas of Rivers State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, which was conducted among primary health-care workers in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:
Among the participants in the intervention group, 72 (79.1%) were females, while 19 (20.9%) were males. In the control group, 67 (78.8%) were females, while 18 (21.2%) were males. There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control groups as regards sex (χ2 = 0.0023; P = 0.96). There was no statistically significant difference in the marital status of the participants between the intervention and control groups (χ2 = 0.81; P = 0.93). Midwives/nurses were highest in number with 32 (35.2%) and 27 (31.8%) in the intervention and control groups, respectively, and the least were health attendants with 6 (6.6%) and 7 (8.2%) in the intervention and control groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between participants in the intervention and control groups (χ2 = 1.05; P = 0.96).

Conclusions:
This study revealed that of all the EmOC signal functions, administration of antibiotics, and oxytocics were the most performed. This study revealed a nonperformance of other signal functions, namely administration of parenteral anticonvulsants for preeclampsia and eclampsia using magnesium sulfate, removal of retained products, assisted vaginal delivery using vacuum extraction or forceps delivery, blood transfusion, and surgery.
Understanding Health Seeking Behavior and Evaluating Adequacy of Health System for Catering to Health Needs of Hard-to-Reach Tribal Populations in a North Indian Hilly Province
Authors: Chaudhary Ankit , Raina Sunil Kumar , Sood Rupal , Kumar Parveen 
Published: August 2023

Background:
In India, tribal communities constitute about 8.6% of total population, residing mainly in isolated and hard-to-reach regions. Considering the lack of knowledge of local health needs, nonspecific health policies, far-flung inhabitation, sociocultural peculiarity, and challenges of local health system; the present study tried to explore the health-care behavior, needs of the tribal communities in a North Indian State, simultaneously evaluating the adequacy of local health system addressing those needs.

Materials and Methods:
A qualitative approach (Focus Group Discussions, In-Depth Interviews) was adopted for understanding health care of tribal communities. Issues such as prevailing health problems, risk factors, difficulties faced accessing healthcare, preference of health system, shortcomings of the current health system, and expectations from service providers were discussed with the natives. Regional health-care administrators, managers, and providers were also interviewed.

Results:
The study identified noncommunicable diseases as a common health problem in these communities and locals could associate lifestyle behavior with these. Poor all-weather road connectivity, lack of transport facilities, unavailability of doctors (especially specialists), frequent referral to distantly located higher-level institutions, and incurring high out-of-pocket expenditure were the common difficulties cited by the locals while accessing health care.

Conclusions:
The study highlighted a mismatch between the health-care needs of the indigenous communities and service provision. These observations warrant the aligned effort of various stakeholders of tribal health to realize the vision of sustained development.
Assessment of Behavioral and Economic Changes in Various Phases of Lockdown during COVID-19 Pandemic among People Living in an Urban Slum of Pune City
Authors: Vardhan Prem , Prasad S. Vishnu , Anand Vivek , Bhaskar Vijay , Yadav Arun Kumar , Singh Priyanka 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
COVID-19 pandemic has affected all sections of society; this study was conducted with the aim to assess the behavioral and economic impact of the COVID-19 lockdown among people living in an urban slum in Pune city, Maharashtra.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among people living in an urban slum of the southeastern Pune region using a semistructured questionnaire by house-to-house interviews of residents. Participants were asked about knowledge and practice of COVID-appropriate behavior and change in income and expenditure patterns to assess economic impact.

Results:
A total of 130 households with one adult member from each household were included in the study with a mean age of 46 years with a standard deviation of 15. On inquiring about the COVID appropriate behavior, 94.6% agree that face mask is essential and 93% of the respondents agree that hand washing is essential for the prevention of COVID-19 infection. Out of 130 respondents, 49% were unemployed at the time of the study and 39% had monthly household income < Rs. 10,000 per month. A notable decrease in the monthly household income after the lockdown period was reported by 76.2% of the study participants while 46% of the study participants reported a decrease in monthly expenditure on food. About 24% of the study participants gave a history of selling personal belongings to meet monthly expenses during the lockdown period.

Conclusion:
COVID-appropriate behavior was adequately practiced by the study participants during COVID restrictions. A significant decrease in household income coupled with a change in trends of monthly expenditure affected the slum population. These transitions need to be further deliberated to understand the shift in administrative and economic policies needed to combat the effects of the pandemic.
A Community-Level Educational Intervention Trial to Study the Impact of Lifestyle Modification in Control of Hypertension and Diabetes
Authors: Kundapur Rashmi , Modi Bhavesh , Mary Lavanya , Manjula R. , Santhosh P. , Saxena Deepak 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Dietary habits and physical inactivity are related to the risks of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular diseases. It is essential that lifestyle modification and nondrug treatment measures such as health education, reduction in weight through regular exercise, and changing in eating patterns are essential to control diabetes and hypertension. Hence, the present study is taken up with objectives.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to assess and compare the impact of health education on lifestyle modification (diet modification and physical activity) on control of hypertension and diabetes of intervention group and (2) to assess and compare the practice of changed pattern of lifestyle modification (diet modification and physical activity) of known hypertensives and diabetics with continuous health education module and follow-up.

Methodology:
This community-level education intervention trial to reduce the burden of NCDs (hypertension and diabetes) was conducted in coastal Karnataka. The study was taken up in a rural area of coastal Karnataka. A Module was prepared, which address the physical activity, diet modification of Diabetes mellitus patients and Hypertension. This modules were reviewed and approved by the experts in the field. This module was used for training health workers. Here the intervention was directed to the family member, who actually cook for Diabetes and hypertension patient, so that the intervention planned would be implemented.

Results:
In the study subjects, it was observed that the subjects who had higher systolic and diastolic pressure before intervention changed to the lower levels after intervention, though the change in blood pressure (BP) is not statistically significant. In the intervention of overall lifestyle intervention, there were increased subjects with glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) in the range of 7%–9% and reduced subjects with Hb1Ac of >9.1%, though it was not statistically significant. There was a significant improvement in the mean duration of physical activity in order to control hypertension and diabetes mellitus. We also noticed that there was a reduction in the sedentary hours, though the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Lifestyle intervention with continuous monitoring is essential to bring down the BP and diabetic sugars. The intervention of lifestyle modifications has brought in better care and quality of life in the villages compared to control village.
Adaptive threshold for discrete fourier transform‐based channel estimation in generalized frequency division multiplexing system
Authors: Vincent Vincent , Hamid Effrina Yanti , Permana Al Kautsar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEven though generalized frequency division multiplexing is an alternative waveform method expected to replace the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing in the future, its implementation must alleviate channel effects. Least‐squares (LS), a low‐complexity channel estimation technique, could be improved by using the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) without increasing complexity. Unlike the usage of the LS method, the DFT‐based method requires the receiver to know the channel impulse response (CIR) length, which is unknown. This study introduces a simple, yet effective, CIR length estimator by utilizing LS estimation. As the cyclic prefix (CP) length is commonly set to be longer than the CIR length, it is possible to search through the first samples if CP is larger than a threshold set using the remaining samples. An adaptive scale is also designed to lower the error probability of the estimation, and a simple signal‐to‐interference‐noise ratio estimation is also proposed by utilizing a sparse preamble to support the use of the scale. A software simulation is used to show the ability of the proposed system to estimate the CIR length. Due to shorter CIR length of rural area, the performance is slightly poorer compared to urban environment. Nevertheless, satisfactory performance is shown for both environments.
Infrastructure Investment and Economic Development
Authors: Muturi Dianah 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate Infrastructure Investment and Economic Development.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The study revealed Research on infrastructure investment and economic development highlights the vital role of robust infrastructure in driving economic growth and improving living standards. Adequate infrastructure enhances productivity, reduces transaction costs, and promotes economic activity. Well-developed transportation, energy, and communication systems boost trade competitiveness, attracting foreign investments and fostering global integration. Access to basic infrastructure services aids poverty reduction and inclusive growth by providing employment opportunities and market access, particularly in rural areas. Although infrastructure investments offer multiplier effects, challenges such as funding constraints and regulatory hurdles must be addressed for sustainable and impactful development.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Infrastructure-led Growth Theory, New Economic Geography and Infrastructure as a Constraint to Growth Theory may be used to anchor future studies on Infrastructure Investment and Economic Development. Evaluate projects on their potential to generate direct and indirect economic benefits. Streamline permitting processes, establish clear property rights, and ensure fair competition to foster a competitive market for infrastructure projects.
A Buyer’s Guide to Retail Mathematics
Authors: Greene Marla 
Published: August 2023

In A Buyer’s Guide to Retail Mathematics, you will learn the retail math skills needed to be a retail buyer, planner, or store line retailer. This includes the basic formulas that a buyer uses every day and how the formulas work together to maximize profitability. The book begins with the components buyers use for achieving gross margin and profit, followed by how pricing affects the profitability, the inventory amounts necessary for buyers to achieve their planned sales, and the six-month planning process. A description of the buyer’s job explains the variety of tasks a buyer is responsible for, including analyzing reports, working with vendors, the buying process, visualizing the presentation, competitive shopping, and more, to show you how critical the job is to a retailer.
The text has real-life mathematical examples for various retail channels: department stores, off-price retailers, mass-market retailers, fast-fashion retailers, and more. Interviews in every chapter with buyers in the industry highlight situations faced within the industry. Math problems reflect the retailing skills you will need for retailers’ executive training programs. Case studies cover current industry issues and develop the critical thinking skills you will use as a buyer.
STUDIO Features:
-Excel Spreadsheet math problems for further practice problems
-A selection of Self-Assessment Questions to test yourself on key concepts
-A digital deck of Flashcards to review key terms and formulas
Instructor’s Resources
-An Answer Manual of the math problems showing step-by-step solutions
-PowerPoint Presentations for each chapter
-A Test Bank offering exams for each chapter
Swatch Reference Guide for Fashion Fabrics: 5th Edition
Authors: Young Deborah E. 
Published: August 2023

This all-in-one text and swatch book offers current and high-quality fashion fabric samples alongside vital information like fabric name, fiber content, yarn construction, count, coloration, weight, uses, characteristics, and comparisons to other fabrics. The textbook with activities, 210 exclusive fabric samples, Quick Reference Guide tables, pre-printed mounting boards for quick access to all swatches, and an 8x metal pick glass are all contained in a sturdy three-ring binder. Step-by-step instructions and hands-on assignments help students to apply their knowledge about fabric identification and use for specific garments, encouraging deeper learning through this workbook approach.
New to this Edition
-New fabric and yarn samples and more technical and performance fabrics, for a total of 210 swatches that reflect current trends in the industry
-Expanded coverage of knits, socially responsible market practices, and sustainable alternatives
-Discussions on the circular economy and recycling in every chapter
-Stain Removal Guide with instructions for fabric care
STUDIO Features Include
-Watch video tutorials that bring fabric swatch exercises to life
-Study smarter with self-assessment quizzes featuring scored results and personalized study tips
-Review concepts with flashcards of terms and definitions
-Apply knowledge through additional assignments and labs
Instructor Resources
-Comprehensive Fabric Chart lists swatch number, fiber content, yarn construction, fabric structure, fabric name, count, stage of dye or print, weight, and visible finishes for each of the swatches from the text
-PowerPoint® slides include front, back, and 10x magnified views of all swatches from the text labeled by fabric and fiber type
-Instructor's Guide provides sample course outlines, answer keys to quizzes and exams, additional assignments, and tips for overcoming common obstacles
-Test Bank contains chapter quizzes with multiple exams covering both the chapter text and the swatch board information
CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS ' RESEARCH SKILLS WHEN TEACHING CHEMISTRY AT A UNIVERSITY
Authors: Асирбаева Ж.М. , Бахыткарим Ы. 
Published: August 2023

Исследование –это стремление к новым знаниям в процессе открытия. Научное исследование предполагает тщательное изучение явлений и систематическое наблюдение. Большинство исследовательских проектов связаны с экспериментами, часто требующими проверки влияния изменяющихся условий на результаты.Большинство химиков учатся работать влабораторных условиях. Информация, полученная в классе, понятна и легко запоминается, если ее применить на практике. Эти знания расширяются за счет опыта и дальнейшего обучения. С точки зрения обучения, исследование представляет собой очень продуктивный цикл. Проведение исследователь-ского проекта включает в себя ряд шагов, начиная с уровня запроса и заканчивая отчетом. На основе данной темы мы рассмотрим описание, условия развития исследовательских навыков студентов при обучении химии в вузе
Зерттеу –бұл жаңалық ашу процесі арқылы жаңа білімге ұмтылу. Ғылыми-зерттеу құбылыстарды мұқият зерттеуді және жүйелі бақылауды қамтиды. Ғылыми-зерттеу жобаларының көпшілігі эксперименттермен байланысты, көбінесе өзгеретін жағдайлардың нәтижелерге әсерін тексеруді қажет етеді.Химиктердің көпшілігі зертханалық жағдайда жұмыс істеуді үйренеді. Сыныпта алынған ақпарат іс жүзінде қолданылғаннан кейін түсінікті және есте сақтау оңай. Бұл білім тәжірибе мен одан әрі оқу арқылы кеңейеді. Оқыту тұрғысынан зерттеу өте өнімді цикл болып табылады. Зерттеу жобасын жүргізу сұрау деңгейінен басталып, есеппен аяқталатын бірқатар қадамдарды қамтиды. Осы тақырып негізінде біз, ЖОО-да химияны оқыту кезінде студент-тердің зерттеу дағдысын дамытудың сипаттамасын, шарттарын қарастыратын боламыз.
Research is the pursuit of new knowledge through a process of discovery. Scientific research involves a thorough study of phenomena and systematic observation. Most research projects are associated with experiments, often requiring verification of the impact of changing conditions on results.Most chemists learn to work in laboratory conditions. The information obtained in the classroom is clear and easy to remember once it is applied in practice. This knowledge is expanded through experience and further study. From the point of view of training, research is a very productive cycle. Conducting a research project involves a series of steps, startingwith the query level and ending with the report. On the basis of this topic, we will consider the characteristics, conditions for the development of students ' research skills when teaching chemistry at universities.
Enabling a process-oriented hydro-biogeochemical model to simulate soil erosion and nutrient losses
Authors: Li Siqi , Zhu Bo , Zheng Xunhua , Hu Pengcheng , Han Shenghui , Fan Jihui , Wang Tao , Wang Rui , Wang Kai , Yao Zhisheng , Liu Chunyan , Zhang Wei , Li Yong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Water-induced erosion and associated particulate carbon (PC), particulate nitrogen (PN)
and particulate phosphorus (PP) nutrient losses are vital parts of biogeochemical
cycling. Identifying their intensity and distribution characteristics is of
great significance for the control of soil and water loss and nitrogen/phosphorus nonpoint
source pollution. This study incorporated modules of physical soil
erosion and associated PC, PN and PP losses into a process-oriented
hydro-biogeochemical model (Catchment Nutrients Management Model coupled with
DeNitrification–DeComposition, CNMM-DNDC) to enable it to predict soil and
water loss. The results indicated that the upgraded CNMM-DNDC (i) performed
well in simulating the observed temporal dynamics and magnitudes of surface
runoff, sediment and PN/PP yields in the lysimetric plot of the
Jieliu catchment in Sichuan Province and (ii) successfully predicted the
observed monthly dynamics and magnitudes of stream flow, sediment yield and
PN yields at the catchment outlet, with significant univariate
linear regressions and acceptable Nash–Sutcliffe indices higher than 0.74.
The upgraded CNMM-DNDC demonstrated that a greater proportion of PN to total nitrogen (TN) during the period with large precipitation events and amounts than that during
the drought period (16.2 %–26.6 % versus 2.3 %–12.4 %). The
intensities of soil erosion and particulate nutrient yields in the Jieliu
catchment were closely related to land use type in the following order: sloping
cultivated upland (SU) > residential areas (RA) > forest land (FL).
The scenario analysis demonstrated that high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
scenarios provided a greater risk of soil erosion than did low GHG emissions
scenarios and that land use change (i.e., from SU to FL)
could help to mitigate soil and water loss accelerated by climate change in
the future. The upgraded model was demonstrated to have the ability of
predicting ecosystem productivity, hydrologic nitrogen loads, emissions of
GHGs and pollutant gases, soil erosion and particulate nutrient yields,
which renders it a potential decision support tool for soil erosion and
nonpoint source pollution control coordinated with increasing production and
reducing GHG and pollutant gases emissions in a catchment.