bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular health among persons with HIV without existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Mclaughlin Megan M. , Durstenfeld Matthew S. , Gandhi Monica , Greene Meredith , Ma Yifei , Beatty Alexis L. , Hsue Priscilla Y. 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
We sought to characterize atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and metrics of CV health in persons with HIV (PWH) eligible for primary prevention of ASCVD.

Design:
Cross-sectional study of PWH 40 years and older without documented ASCVD who received care at three HIV clinics in San Francisco from 2019-2022.

Methods:
We used ICD-10 codes and electronic health record data to assess ASCVD risk and CV health, as defined by the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) metrics for nicotine exposure, body mass index (BMI), lipids, glucose, and blood pressure (BP).

Results:
Among 2567 PWH eligible for primary prevention of ASCVD, the median age was 55 years, 14% were female, and 95% were on antiretroviral therapy. Seventy-seven percent had undergone complete assessment of ASCVD risk factors, and 50% of these patients had intermediate-high ASCVD risk (≥7.5%). Of those with hypertension, 39% were prescribed an anti-hypertensive. Among those eligible, 43% were prescribed a statin. The mean LE8 CV health score (0 to 100 [best health]) was 55.1 for nicotine exposure, 71.3 for BMI, 70.4 for lipids, 81.2 for blood glucose, 56.0 for BP, with an average score of 66.2 across the five metrics. Patients with Medicare insurance, Black patients, and those with sleep apnea and chronic kidney disease had on average lower CV health scores; patients with undetectable viral loads had higher CV health scores.

Conclusions:
We highlight opportunities for improving primary prevention of ASCVD among PWH, especially in the areas of guideline-based therapy, nicotine exposure, and BP control.
Defatting of Human Livers during Long-Term ex situ Normothermic Perfusion. Novel Strategy to Rescue Discarded Organs for Transplantation
Authors: Sousa Da Silva Richard X. , Borrego Lucia Bautista , Lenggenhager Daniela , Huwyler Florian , Binz Jonas , Mancina Leandro , Breuer Eva , Wernlé Kendra , Hefti Max , Müller Matteo , Cunningham Leslie , De Oliveira Michelle L. , Petrowsky Henrik , Weber Achim , Dutkowski Philipp , Hoffmann Waldemar , Gupta Anurag , Tibbitt Mark , Humar Bostjan , Clavien Pierre-Alain 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To develop a protocol for the defatting of steatotic liver grafts during long-term ex situ normothermic machine perfusion.

Background:
Despite the alarming increase in donor organ shortage, the highly prevalent fatty liver grafts are often discarded due to the risk of primary non-function. Effective strategies preventing such outcome are currently lacking. An exciting new avenue is the introduction of ex situ normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), enabling a liver to remain fully functional for up to two weeks and providing a unique window of opportunity for defatting prior to transplantation.

Methods:
Over a 5-year period, 23 discarded liver grafts and 28 partial livers from our resection program were tested during ex situ NMP. The steatosis degree was determined on serial biopsies by expert pathologists, and triglyceride contents measured simultaneously.

Results:
Of 51 liver grafts, 20 were steatotic, with up to 85% macrovesicular steatosis, and were perfused for up to 12 days. 10 livers displayed marked (5 of which almost complete) loss of fat, while the other 10 did not respond to long-term perfusion. Successful defatting was related to prolonged perfusion, automated glucose control, circadian nutrition, and L-carnitine/fenofibrate supplementation. Pseudopeliotic steatosis and the associated activation of Kupffer/stellate cells were unexpected processes that might contribute to defatting. Synthetic and metabolic function remained preserved for most grafts until perfusion end.

Conclusion:

Ex situ long-term perfusion effectively reduces steatosis while preserving organ viability and may in the future allow transplantation of primarily unusable high-risk grafts, significantly increasing the number of organs available for transplantation.
DBScope: a versatile computational toolbox for the visualization and analysis of sensing data from Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Oliveira Andreia M. , Carvalho Eduardo , Barros Beatriz , Soares Carolina , Ferreira-Pinto Manuel , Vaz Rui , Aguiar Paulo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a therapy applied in numerous neurologic diseases, yielding major improvements in quality of life. Current implantable devices can record brain activity (in the form of local field potentials) at the site of stimulation, providing a window into the neuropathological phenomena and the potential to improve clinical care. Data-driven therapies often rely on tools to process, visualize, and analyze the data. However, existing tools in DBS are yet to fully exploit the devices’ sensing capabilities. We aimed to develop a user-friendly open-source toolbox for the visualization and analysis of sensing data from DBS. Special attention was given to enrich this toolbox with features which would foster its usefulness in both clinical and research environments. We developed a standalone MATLAB-based toolbox, called DBScope, capable of parsing the data generated by current sensing devices and producing rich visualizations with clinical and research relevance. The toolbox can be operated in two ways: through a user interface, bypassing programming experience requirements; and, programmatically, acting as a library of functions, which can be further adapted to user needs. We provide a detailed description of the toolbox features and exemplify its application in two case studies. DBScope is an open-source toolbox that provides visualization and analytical tools for clinical and research use, paving the way towards the improvement of data-driven DBS therapies. Additional functionalities are being considered for future updates.
Interdisciplinary Inquiry via PanelGPT: Application to Explore Chatbot Application in Sports Rehabilitation
Authors: McBee Joseph C. , Han Daniel Y. , Liu Li , Ma Leah , Adjeroh Donald A. , Xu Dong , Hu Gangqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundChatGPT showcases exceptional conversational capabilities and extensive cross-disciplinary knowledge. In addition, it possesses the ability to perform multiple roles within a single chat session. This unique multi-role-playing feature positions ChatGPT as a promising tool to explore interdisciplinary subjects.ObjectiveThe study intended to guide ChatGPT for interdisciplinary exploration through simulated panel discussions. As a proof-of-concept, we employed this method to evaluate the advantages and challenges of using chatbots in sports rehabilitation.MethodsWe proposed a model termed PanelGPT to explore ChatGPTs’ knowledge graph on interdisciplinary topics through simulated panel discussions. Applied to “chatbots in sports rehabilitation”, ChatGPT role-played both the moderator and panelists, which included a physiotherapist, psychologist, nutritionist, AI expert, and an athlete. We act as the audience posed questions to the panel, with ChatGPT acting as both the panelists for responses and the moderator for hosting the discussion. We performed the simulation using the ChatGPT-4 model and evaluated the responses with existing literature and human expertise.ResultsEach simulation mimicked a real-life panel discussion: The moderator introduced the panel and posed opening/closing questions, to which all panelists responded. The experts engaged with each other to address inquiries from the audience, primarily from their respective fields of expertise. By tackling questions related to education, physiotherapy, physiology, nutrition, and ethical consideration, the discussion highlighted benefits such as 24/7 support, personalized advice, automated tracking, and reminders. It also emphasized the importance of user education and identified challenges such as limited interaction modes, inaccuracies in emotion-related advice, assurance on data privacy and security, transparency in data handling, and fairness in model training. The panelists reached a consensus that chatbots are designed to assist, not replace, human healthcare professionals in the rehabilitation process.ConclusionsCompared to a typical conversation with ChatGPT, the multi-perspective approach of PanelGPT facilitates a comprehensive understanding of an interdisciplinary topic by integrating insights from experts with complementary knowledge. Beyond addressing the exemplified topic of chatbots in sports rehabilitation, the model can be adapted to tackle a wide array of interdisciplinary topics within educational, research, and healthcare settings.
Prevalence and characteristics of genetic disease in adult kidney stone formers
Authors: Anderegg Manuel A. , Olinger Eric G. , Bargagli Matteo , Geraghty Rob , Pohlmeier Lea , Nater Alexander , Bruggmann Rémy , Sayer John A. , Vogt Bruno , Schaller André , Fuster Daniel G. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundMolecular mechanisms of kidney stone formation remain unknown in most patients. Previous studies showed high heritability of nephrolithiasis, but data on prevalence and characteristics of genetic disease in unselected adults with nephrolithiasis are lacking.MethodsWe performed whole exome sequencing in 787 participants of the Bern Kidney Stone Registry, an unselected cohort of adults with ≥ 1 past kidney stone episode (KSF), and 114 non- stone-forming individuals (NKSF). A total of 34 established nephrolithiasis genes were analyzed and variants assessed according to ACMG criteria. Pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) variants were considered diagnostic.ResultsMean age of KSF was 47±15 years, and 18 % were first time KSF. A Mendelian kidney stone disease was present in 2.9% (23 of 787) of KSF. The most common genetic diagnoses were cystinuria (SLC3A1,SLC7A9; n=13), Vitamin D-24 hydroxylase deficiency (CYP24A1; n=5) and primary hyperoxaluria (AGXT, GRHPR, HOGA1; n=3). 8.1% (64 of 787) of KSF were monoallelic for LP/P variants predisposing to nephrolithiasis, most frequently inSLC34A1/A3orSLC9A3R1(n=37),CLDN16(n=8) andCYP24A1(n=8). KSF with Mendelian disease had a lower age at the first stone event (30±14 years vs. 36±14 years, p=0.003), were more likely to have cystine stones (23.4 % vs. 1.4 %) and less likely to have calcium oxalate monohydrates stones (31.9 % vs. 52.5 %) compared to KSF without genetic diagnosis. The phenotype of KSF with variants predisposing to nephrolithiasis was subtle and showed significant overlap with KSF without diagnostic variants. In NKSF, no Mendelian disease was detected, and LP/P variants were significantly less prevalent compared to KSF (1.8 % vs. 8.1%).ConclusionMendelian disease is uncommon in unselected adult KSF, yet variants predisposing to nephrolithiasis are significantly enriched in adult KSF.
Emergency Medical Systemic frustration of Aggression and Violence in Conflict Encounters: An Evolved Grounded Theory
Authors: Rees Nigel , Hawkes Claire , Williams Lauren , Williams Julia , O’Meara Peter 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundEmergency Medical Services (EMS) staff worldwide have long been at risk of encountering violence and aggression (V&A) at work, including threats, verbal, physical, and sexual assault, and on rare occasions, fatalities occur. Exposure to V&A can result in stress, fear, and burnout. This is an international problem and EMS employers, trade unions and others are working towards tackling it. This paper reports the results of a qualitative study that aimed to explore protecting EMS Staff from aggression and violence in conflict encountersMethodsThis study took place in 2022 in one UK ambulance service covering a population of three million people. Individual, one-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with EMS staff via a Voice over Internet Protocol VoIP (VoIP). Data were analysed through Evolved Grounded theory methodology.ResultsTen EMS staff were interviewed, and the following categories emerged:Rusted, busted and inevitability of Violence & Aggression in EMS Environment, Tolerable or intolerable Violence & aggression in EMS, Gendered violence & aggression and Genderization in EMS, modifiable factors and harm reduction of Violence & aggression in EMS, Professional, ethical & clinical judgments of Violence & aggression in EMS, and Socio-cultural and system frustrations of Violence & aggression in EMS.The Basic Socal Process (BSP) that emerged was one ofEmergency Medical Systemic frustration of Aggression and Violence in Conflict Encounters.ConclusionV&A directed toward EMS staff is complex and our participants revealed how it has long been accepted and may be influenced by systemic frustration in EMS. Staff reported frustrations due to tiredness and in patients from delays in EMS response. Female EMS staff experienced sexual V&A by co-workers and patients, and these voices reverberate with female EMS staff internationally. Our study revealed how EMS has not effectively tackled V&A and many sociocultural constructs accepted within EMS. We call for the voices of our participants to be amplified internationally and for purposeful efforts to continue to be made in tackling this issue.
Revealing a hidden conducting state by manipulating the intracellular domains in KV10.1 exposes the coupling between two gating mechanisms
Authors: Abdelaziz Reham , Tomczak Adam P. , Neef Andreas , Pardo Luis A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTheKCNHfamily of potassium channels serves relevant physiological functions in both excitable and non-excitable cells, reflected in the massive consequences of mutations or pharmacological manipulation of their function. This group of channels shares structural homology with other voltage-gated K+channels, but the mechanisms of gating in this family show significant differences with respect to the canonical electromechanical coupling in these molecules. In particular, the large intracellular domains ofKCNHchannels play a crucial role in gating that is still only partly understood. UsingKCNH1(KV10.1) as a model, we have characterized the behavior of a series of modified channels that could not be explained by the current models. With electrophysiological and biochemical methods combined with mathematical modeling, we show that the uncovering of an open state can explain the behavior of the mutants. This open state, which is not detectable in wild-type channels, appears to lack the rapid flicker block of the conventional open state. Because it is accessed from deep closed states, it elucidates intermediate gating events well ahead of channel opening in the wild type. This allowed us to study gating steps prior to opening, which, for example, explain the mechanism of gating inhibition by Ca2+-Calmodulin and generate a model that describes the characteristic features ofKCNHchannels gating.
PSTPIP2 ameliorates aristolochic acid nephropathy by suppressing interleukin-19-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation
Authors: Du Changlin , Dong Jiahui , Xu Chuanting , Jia Pengcheng , Cai Na , Wang Qi , Zhang Zhenming , Jiang Lingfeng , Jiang Wei , Feng Rui , Li Jun , Huang Cheng , Ma Taotao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by herbal medicines. Previously, we found that proline–serine–threonine phosphatase interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play important roles in kidney injury and immune defense, respectively; however, the mechanism of AAN regulation by PSTPIP2 and NETs remains unclear. We found that renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) apoptosis, neutrophil infiltration, and inflammatory factor and NET production were increased in a mouse model of AAN, while PSTPIP2 expression was low. Conditional knock-in of PSTPIP2 in mouse kidneys inhibited cell apoptosis, reduced neutrophil infiltration, suppressed the production of inflammatory factors and NETs, and ameliorated renal dysfunction. In contrast, restoring normal PSTPIP2 expression promoted kidney injury.In vivo,the use of Ly6G-neutralizing antibody to remove neutrophils and peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitors to prevent NET formation reduced apoptosis, thereby alleviating kidney injury.In vitro, damaged RTECs released interleukin-19 (IL-19) via the PSTPIP2/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway and induced NET formation via the IL-20Rβ receptor. Concurrently, NETs promoted the apoptosis of damaged RTECs. PSTPIP2 affected NET formation by regulating IL-19 expression via inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation in RTECs, inhibiting their apoptosis and reducing kidney damage.
Gestational physical exercise prevents early-life behavioral impairments and normalizes dopamine D2 receptor expression in the frontal cortex in the offspring of a rat model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Tosta Andréa , Fonseca Ariene S. , Messender Débora , Siqueira Priscila , Ferreira Sérgio T. , Lourenco Mychael V. , Pandolfo Pablo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, and develops most frequently during childhood and adolescence. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are the most used experimental model for the study of ADHD. SHR exhibit behavioral impairments that recapitulate phenotypes observed in individuals with ADHD. SHR further develop dopaminergic hypofunction in frontostriatal circuits and an imbalance in dopamine and norepinephrine systems. Maternal physical exercise (e.g., swimming) during pregnancy has been shown to promote angiogenesis, neurogenesis, learning, and memory in the offspring of control rats. We investigated the impact of gestational swimming on behavioral and dopaminergic parameters in childhood (1-2 weeks of age) and adolescent (4-5 weeks of age) SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), used as a control. Maternal gestational swimming resulted in a reversal of neurodevelopmental impairments in behavior, assessed by the righting reflex and olfactory recognition tests, in the offspring. Furthermore, during adolescence, SHRs from exercised dams exhibited reduced novelty seeking, an important behavioral trait in this developmental period. Finally, SHRs exhibited increased expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) and D2 receptors (D2R) in the frontal cortex. D2R expression was normalized in the frontal cortex of adolescent SHRs whose mothers were exercised. Results suggest that physical exercise during pregnancy could be an effective preventative strategy against ADHD-associated behavioral and neurochemical phenotypes in the offspring.Graphical Abstract
Sympathetic NPY controls glucose homeostasis, cold tolerance, and cardiovascular functions in mice
Authors: Kumari Raniki , Pascalau Raluca , Wang Hui , Bajpayi Sheetal , Yurgel Maria , Quansah Kwaku , Hattar Samer , Tampakakis Emmanouil , Kuruvilla Rejji 
Published: July 2023

SummaryNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is best known for its effects in the brain as an orexigenic and anxiolytic agent and in reducing energy expenditure. NPY is also co-expressed with Norepinephrine (NE) in sympathetic neurons. Although NPY is generally considered to modulate noradrenergic responses, its specific roles in autonomic physiology remain under-appreciated. Here, we show that sympathetic-derived NPY is essential for metabolic and cardiovascular regulation in mice. NPY and NE are co-expressed in 90% of prevertebral sympathetic neurons and only 43% of paravertebral neurons. NPY-expressing neurons primarily innervate blood vessels in peripheral organs. Sympathetic-specific deletion of NPY elicits pronounced metabolic and cardiovascular defects in mice, including reductions in insulin secretion, glucose tolerance, cold tolerance, pupil size, and an elevation in heart rate, while notably, however, basal blood pressure was unchanged. These findings provide new knowledge about target tissue-specific functions of NPY derived from sympathetic neurons and imply its potential involvement in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
A Bayesian Regularized and Anotation-Informed Integrative Analysis of Cognition (BRAINIAC)
Authors: Zablocki Rong , Xu Bohan , Fan Chun-Chieh , Thompson Wesley K. 
Published: July 2023

1AbstractHere we present a development of the novel Bayesian Regularized and Anotation-Informed Integrative Analysis of Cognition (BRAINIAC) model. BRAINIAC allows for both estimation of total variance explained by all features for a given cognitive phenotype, as well as a principled assessment of the impact of annotations on relative enrichment of features compared to others in terms of variance explained, without relying on a potentially unrealistic assumption of sparsity of brain-cognition associations. We apply the BRAINIAC model to resting state fMRI data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.
Discontinuation of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Shashemane town, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Letose Fikru , Tusa Alemtsehay , Sahlu Degemu , Miherite Yohannis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe early termination of long-acting reversible contraceptives raises issues for the healthcare system and has the potential to affect public health. Long-acting reversible contraception is now more widely available and used, although a sizable percentage of women still stop using it. Therefore, this study aims to assess factors associated with the discontinuation of the long-acting reversible contraceptive method among female users of health facilities in Shashemane Town.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was done in Shashemane town among 410 study participants. The study participants were selected by using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected by using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and entered into epi-data version 4.6.0.2 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association between independent variables and discontinuation of the long-acting reversible contraceptives. The results were presented using the Odds Ratio at 95% CI. P < 0.05 ware used to dictate statistical significance.ResultThe overall prevalence of women who removed the long-acting reversible contraceptive method before the due date was 57.2%. Factors such as having an occupation as a housewife, desire to become pregnant, unwarned side effects, effectiveness, and dissatisfaction with the service provided were positively associated with discontinuation of the contraception.Conclusion and RecommendationThe prevalence of the discontinuation of reversible long-acting contraceptives was high. Pre-insertion effective counseling about the benefits, follow-up care and management for side effects, and client reassurance are recommended.