bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Delocalization Enables Sulfone‐based Single‐solvent Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Mominur Rahman Muhammad , Hu Enyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLi‐metal batteries (LMB), although providing high energy density, face the grand challenge of identifying good electrolyte solvents for cycling. Common solvents are either only stable against lithium metal anode or only stable against LiNixMnyCo1‐x‐yO2 (NMC) cathode. There is significant effort trying to increase the cathode stability for ether electrolytes, which are in general stable against lithium metal anode. In comparison, there is much less effort trying to increase the anode stability of electrolytes that are stable against NMC cathode. One example is the sulfone‐based electrolyte. It has good cathode stability but is hindered from practical application because of (1) high viscosity and poor wetting capability and (2) poor anode stability. Here, we solve these issues by modifying the sulfone molecules using resonance and electron withdrawing effect. The viscosity is significantly reduced by delocalizing the electrons through introducing additional oxygen on the molecular backbone and applying appropriate fluorination. The resulting molecule 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl mesylate (TFEM) has decreased Lewis basicity and less reactivity toward Li+. The electrolyte based on TFEM as single solvent enables cycling of LMB under harsh conditions of low N/P ratio (21 mg/cm2 NMC811 and 50 μm Li) with 90 % capacity retention after 160 cycles at C/3 discharge rate.
Bromine‐Enhanced Generation and Epoxidation of Ethylene in Tandem CO2 Electrolysis Towards Ethylene Oxide
Authors: Xue Wenjie , Quan Li , Liu Hongxia , Yu Bo , Chen Xinqing , Xia Bao Yu , You Bo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe indirect electro‐epoxidation of ethylene (C2H4), produced from CO2 electroreduction (CO2R), holds immense promise for CO2 upcycling to valuable ethylene oxide (EO). However, this process currently has a mediocre Faradaic efficiency (FE) due to sluggish formation and rapid dissociation of active species, as well as reductive deactivation of Cu‐based electrocatalysts during the conversion of C2H4 to EO and CO2 to C2H4, respectively. Herein, we report a bromine‐induced dual‐enhancement strategy designed to concurrently promote both C2H4‐to‐EO and CO2‐to‐C2H4 conversions, thereby improving EO generation, using single‐atom Pt on N‐doped CNTs (Pt1/NCNT) and Br−‐bearing porous Cu2O as anode and cathode electrocatalysts, respectively. Physicochemical characterizations including synchrotron X‐ray absorption, operando infrared spectroscopy, and quasi in situ Raman spectroscopy/electron paramagnetic resonance with theoretical calculations reveal that the favorable Br2/HBrO generation over Pt1/NCNT with optimal intermediate binding facilitates C2H4‐to‐EO conversion with a high FE of 92.2 %, and concomitantly, the Br− with strong nucleophilicity protects active Cu+ species in Cu2O effectively for improved CO2‐to‐C2H4 conversion with a FE of 66.9 % at 800 mA cm−2, superior to those in the traditional chloride‐mediated case. Consequently, a single‐pass FE as high as 41.1 % for CO2‐to‐EO conversion can be achieved in a tandem system.
Pb‐Modified Ultrathin RuCu Nanoflowers for Active, Stable, and CO‐resistant Alkaline Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Oxidation
Authors: Dong Yuanting , Zhang Zhiming , Yan Wei , Hu Xinrui , Zhan Changhong , Xu Yong , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCO poisoning of Pt group metal (PGM) catalysts is a chronic problem for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), the anodic reaction of hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell (HEMFC) for converting H2 to electric energy in sustainable manner. We demonstrate here an ultrathin Ru‐based nanoflower modified with Pb (PbRuCu NF) as an active, stable, and CO‐resistant catalyst for alkaline HOR. Mechanism studies show that the presence of Pb can weaken the adsorption of *H, strengthen *OH adsorption to facilitate CO oxidation, as a result of significantly enhanced HOR activity and improved CO tolerance. Furthermore, in situ electrochemical attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) suggests that Pb acts as oxygen‐rich site to regulate the behavior of the linear CO adsorption. The optimized Pb1.04‐Ru92Cu8/C displays a mass activity and specific activity of 1.10 A mgRu−1 and 5.55 mA cm−2, which are ≈10 and ≈31 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C. This work provides a facile strategy for the design of Ru‐based catalyst with high activity and strong CO‐resistance for alkaline HOR, which may promote the fundamental researches on the rational design of functional catalysts.
Women's rights and child abductions under the Hague Convention
Authors: Shaknes Valentina , Stringer Justine , Brandt Stephanie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is a multinational treaty designed to protect children internationally from the harmful effects of parental abduction. The Convention requires a mandatory return of a child who was wrongfully removed or retained outside the country of her habitual residence unless a narrow defense preventing return can be proven. When drafted, it was assumed that most abductors would be non‐custodial parents disappointed by an adverse custody decision in the home country. It is now clear that women have been disproportionately affected because in many, if not most, U.S. cases, the respondents, that is, the parents accused of the abduction, are the children's primary caregivers. When the child's home country is not willing or capable of protecting the mother and the child, they are forced to flee from often near‐lethal danger. Therefore, many cases brought under the Hague Convention involve severe domestic violence. The Hague Convention allows courts to deny the return if it would expose the child to a “grave risk of physical or psychological harm.” Nonetheless, a limited judicial understanding of domestic violence, coupled with societal gender biases, has impeded the application of this defense. Several recent developments discussed in this essay reflect a growing understanding of the lasting traumatic impact of domestic violence on these child victims.
Mathematical modeling of tar conversion on downdraft biomass gasification processes
Authors: Donskoy Igor 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe article concerns some problems associated with the use of low‐grade fuels for the production of syngas in fixed‐bed gasifiers. Syngas is typically used to feed internal combustion engines in small power systems. Gas quality can be understood as its various characteristics, such as calorific value, the content of individual components (for example, hydrogen), low tar and soot content, and so forth. Achieving these quality criteria often requires specific conditions for the gasification process, in addition, some of them may be limited by additional requirements that are associated with thermal stability or fuel conversion requirements. When evaluating the technical and economic characteristics of gasification‐based power plants, the optimal efficiency does not always correspond to the higher efficiency of the gasification process and the quality of producer gas. In this regard, the aim is to develop optimization methods for different criteria and to create regime maps that cover physically achievable options. Novel mathematical models of tar conversion are proposed, allowing investigation of the dependencies of tar yield on gasification conditions, including the addition of catalysts or staged air supply. Computational tools based on thermodynamic and kinetic models make it possible to solve some of these problems, first of all, to consider and compare the efficiency of various methods for reducing tar content in producer gas (staged gasification, fuel mixing, thermal, and catalytic methods of tar elimination). The choice of relatively simple mathematical models allows us to conduct numerical calculations in a wide range of conditions and to optimize the parameters of biofuel conversion plants. This approach allows a more flexible choice of gasifier operating conditions, including its work as a part of a power unit. Optimal parameters are calculated for specific conditions: secondary air ratio (1–20%) and fraction of catalytic material (5–10%). The results may be used in the analysis and choice of biofuel gasification conditions at small power plants.
Intake of polyphenols from cereal foods and colorectal cancer risk in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study
Authors: Vingrys Kristina , Mathai Michael L. , McAinch Andrew J. , Bassett Julie K. , de Courten Maximilian , Stojanovska Lily , Millar Lynne , Giles Graham G. , Hodge Allison M. , Apostolopoulos Vasso 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCereal‐derived polyphenols have demonstrated protective mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) models; however, confirmation in human studies is lacking. Therefore, this study examined the association between cereal polyphenol intakes and CRC risk in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), a prospective cohort study in Melbourne, Australia that recruited participants between 1990 and 1994 to investigate diet–disease relationships.MethodsUsing food frequency questionnaire diet data matched to polyphenol data, dietary intakes of alkylresorcinols, phenolic acids, lignans, and total polyphenols from cereals were estimated. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for CRC risk were estimated for quintiles of intake with the lowest quintile as the comparison category, using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time axis adjusted for sex, socio‐economic status, alcohol consumption, fibre intake, country of birth, total energy intake, physical activity and smoking status.ResultsFrom 35,245 eligible adults, mean (SD) age 54.7 (8.6) years, mostly female (61%) and Australian‐born (69%), there were 1394 incident cases of CRC (946 colon cancers and 448 rectal cancers). Results for total cereal polyphenol intake showed reduced HRs in Q2 (HR: 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68–0.95) and Q4 (HR: 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62–0.90), and similar for phenolic acids. Alkylresorcinol intake showed reduced HR in Q3 (HR: 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67–0.95) and Q4 (HR: 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66–0.95).ConclusionsOverall, the present study showed little evidence of association between intakes of cereal polyphenols and CRC risk. Future investigations may be useful to understand associations between cereal‐derived polyphenols and additional cancers in different populations.
Impact of Colored Shade Nets on Biomass Production, Essential Oil Composition and Orientin and Isoorientin Content in Lippia gracilis Schauer
Authors: Viana Abraão José Silva , Alves de Carvalho Alexandre , Alves de Assis Rafael Marlon , Mendonça Simony Carvalho , Rocha João Pedro Miranda , Pinto José Eduardo Brasil Pereira , Bertolucci Suzan Kelly Vilela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ChromatiNet on vegetative growth, total antioxidant capacity, phenolic and essential oils (EOs) composition of Lippia gracilis. The plants were cultivated under full sunlight, black, blue and red ChromatiNet. The flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity were quantified spectrophotometrically. The C‐glycosylflavone isomers (orientin and isoorientin) were isolated and identified by conventional spectroscopic techniques and measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection. The EO was analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Environment influenced growth, total antioxidant capacity and phytochemical levels. Shoot dry weight, thymol, carvacrol and (E)‐caryophyllene were favoured under red and black ChromatiNet. Root growth, EOs, caryophyllene oxide, p‐cymene, flavonoids, orientin and isoorientin were favoured in sunlight. Growth and accumulation of EOs, flavonoids and photosynthetic pigments increased under blue ChromatiNet. Therefore, Lippia gracilis plants have plasticity related to the spectral quality of light and it cultivate depends of the phytochemicals of interest.
Prognostic significance of the SYNTAX score and SYNTAX score II in patients with myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Di Maio Marco , Esposito Luca , Silverio Angelo , Bellino Michele , Cancro Francesco Paolo , De Luca Giuseppe , Di Muro Francesca Maria , Vassallo Maria Giovanna , Vecchione Carmine , Galasso Gennaro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the SYNTAX score (SS) and SYNTAX score II (SS‐II) in a contemporary real‐world cohort of myocardial infarction (MI) patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundThe role of SS and SS‐II in the prognostic stratification of patients presenting with MI and undergoing PCI has been poorly investigated.MethodsThis study included MI patients treated with PCI from January 2015 to April 2020 at the University Hospital of Salerno. Patients were divided into tertiles according to the baseline SS and SS‐II values. The primary outcome measure was all‐cause mortality at long‐term follow‐up; secondary outcome measures were cardiovascular (CV) death and MI.ResultsOverall, 915 patients were included in this study. Mean SS and SS‐II were 16.1 ± 10.0 and 31.6 ± 11.5, respectively. At propensity weighting adjusted Cox regression analysis, both SS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02−1.06; p = 0.017) and SS‐II (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.07−1.10; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of all‐cause mortality at long‐term follow‐up; both SS (HR 1.04; CI 1.01−1.06; p < 0.001) and SS‐II (HR 1.08; CI 1.06−1.10; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of CV death, but only SS‐II showed a significant association with the risk of recurrent MI (HR 1.03; CI 1.01−1.05; p < 0.001). At 5 years, SS‐II showed a significantly higher discriminative ability for all‐cause mortality than SS (area under the curve: 0.82 vs. 0.64; p < 0.001). SS‐II was able to reclassify the risk of long‐term mortality beyond the SS (net reclassification index 0.88; 95% CI: 0.38−1.54; p = 0.033).ConclusionsIn a real‐world cohort of MI patients treated with PCI, SS‐II was a stronger prognostic predictor of long‐term mortality than SS.
Geometrically Deformed and Conformationally Rigid Phosphorus Trisamides Featuring an Unsymmetrical Backbone
Authors: Beims Niklas , Greven Tobias , Schmidtmann Marc , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNonclassical P(III) centers have attracted much attention in recent years. Incorporating a P(III) center in a rigid bicyclic platform offers a particularly attractive way to invoke significant geometric distortion of the phosphorus atom that may in turn induce unusual reactivity. Although still relatively scarcely explored, phosphorus centers enforced in a non‐C3 symmetry have gained significant traction lately. However, the current scaffolds are based on a relatively limited set of design principles and ligand platforms associated therewith. This work is focussed on the synthesis as well as versatile oxidation, addition and coordination chemistry of a geometrically distorted P(III) species featuring a synthetically modular, nonsymmetric trisamine platform derived from 2‐(methylamino)‐N‐(2‐(methylamino)phenyl)benzenesulfonamide.
Thalamic connections of the caudal part of the posterior parietal cortex differ from the rostral part in galagos (Otolemur garnettii)
Authors: Wang Qimeng , Stepniewska Iwona , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, thalamic connections of the caudal part of the posterior parietal cortex (PPCc) are described and compared to connections of the rostral part of PPC (PPCr) in strepsirrhine galagos. PPC of galagos is divided into two parts, PPCr and PPCc, based on the responsiveness to electrical stimulation. Stimulation of PPC with long trains of electrical pulses evokes different types of ethologically relevant movements from different subregions (“domains”) of PPCr, while it fails to evoke any movements from PPCc. Anatomical tracers were placed in both dorsal and ventral divisions of PPCc to reveal thalamic origins and targets of PPCc connections. We found major thalamic connections of PPCc with the lateral posterior and lateral pulvinar nuclei, distinct from those of PPCr that were mainly with the ventral lateral, anterior pulvinar, and posterior nuclei. The anterior, medial, and inferior pulvinar, ventral anterior, ventral lateral, and intralaminar nuclei had fewer connections with PPCc. Dominant connections of PPCc with lateral posterior and lateral pulvinar nuclei provide evidence that unlike the sensorimotor‐orientated PPCr, PPCc is more involved in visual‐related functions.
ZIF‐derived Low‐Cu‐loaded Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Mingyuan , Zhang Xiangtai , Hu Shuozhen , Zhang Xinsheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCu−N−C catalysts with nitrogen‐coordinated copper supported on carbon exhibits good catalytic performance in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and is considered as an excellent substitute for Pt catalyst. Achieving high electrocatalytic activity with low amount of copper is critical for improving the performance and reducing the cost of fuel cells. Here, we propose a Cu−NC‐8 catalyst, using zeolitic‐imidazolate‐framework (ZIF), which is rich in N‐coordination, as the precursor. High ‐emperature pyrolysis of the ZIF‐8 provides metal anchored sites in the carbon skeleton, which promotes the construction of Cu−N active centers by the introduced Cu. The N‐coordination also adjust the electron density of the C atoms to promote the adsorption of O2 on the catalyst, which is beneficial to the ORR activity of 4e− pathway. The 2.5 % Cu−NC‐8 electrocatalyst shows high efficiency ORR activity (Eonset=1.0 V and E1/2=0.82 V) and good stability.
Excellent MCM‐49 Supported CeCuOx Nanocatalyst with Ultrawide Operating Temperature Window and Strong Anti‐Alkali Ability for NH3‐SCR
Authors: Han Xinyu , Bian Mengyao , Liu Kaijie , Yang Xin , Zheng Daying , Yang Xiangguang , Zhang Yibo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNOx is a common atmospheric pollutant, and NH3‐SCR technology efficiently purifies it. CeCuOx binary‐oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and loaded onto acid MCM‐49 molecular sieve with a large specific surface area to increase acid sites and disperse active sites of the catalyst. The optimized 35 % CeCu/MCM‐49 catalyst effectively purified over 80 % of NOx in the temperature range of 200–500 °C and demonstrated excellent resistance to alkali metals, such as K, Na, and Ca. Even after K poisoning, it still removed over 80 % of NOx in the range of 200–450 °C. Various characterization methods, including XRD, FT‐IR, TEM, and N2 isotherm adsorption‐desorption tests, confirmed the structure of the catalyst remained intact after poisoning with no substance change, nor agglomeration of nanoparticles. NH3‐TPD and H2‐TPR confirmed that the catalyst had effective acidity and redox capacity that were not affected by alkali metals. In‐situ DRIFTs showed that the catalytic reaction predominant mechanism shifted from L−H to E−R mechanism after poisoning. This study provides valuable insights into the development of high‐performance Ce‐based NH3‐SCR catalysts with alkali metal resistance.
Extracapsular nodal extension and tumor deposits in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: González‐Vallejo Leyre , Blanco‐Sainzdelamaza Javier , Querejeta‐Ayerra Arrate , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTumor deposits (TDs) are an infrequently mentioned feature of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) that are currently grouped under extranodal extension (ENE) in the AJCC 8th edition of HNSCC TNM staging. The prognostic implication of TDs in comparison to ENE remains uncertain.MethodsThis observational, retrospective, non‐randomized study evaluated patients with HNSCC who underwent initial surgical resection, with neck dissection and adjuvant radiotherapy ± chemotherapy. Clinical variables were considered, and statistical analyses were conducted to compare time progression and overall survival (OS) in patients with TDs against those with ENE.ResultsOf the 71 patients included in the study, 50 were diagnosed with ENE (pN2a‐ENE in 38 patients and pN3b‐ENE in 12), while 21 had TDs ± ENE. The median time to progression was significantly different based on the presence of ENE or TDs (p = .002) and pN2a‐ENE/pN3b‐ENE or TDs (p = .007). The three‐year OS was 55.7% for the entire group, 60.4% in ENE and 38.4% in TDs (p = .021). The OS difference between the pN2a‐ENE, pN3b‐ENE, and the TDs group was also significant (p = .05). The hazard ratio between ENE and TDs was Exp (B) 4.341 (p = .044).ConclusionsTDs in HNSCC are associated with a lower OS than ENE, despite intensified adjuvant therapy. Our results confirm a better prognosis for pN2a‐ENE vs. pN3b‐ENE, and pN3b‐ENE vs. TDs. TDs may serve as an indicator of poor prognosis and require separate TNM classification in HNSCC staging. Larger studies are needed to evaluate TDs impact on treatment strategies and outcomes.
The difference distance between the apical foramen and the anatomical apex in primary teeth—An in vitro study
Authors: Alafandy Ansam Shafik , Makieh Ramah Eimad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe apex area in the primary teeth changes continuously due to the physiologic resorption, therefore; the apical foramen (AF) may not correspond to the anatomic apex (AA), which gives a big challenge to achieve successful endodontic treatment. The aim of this research was to study the difference distance (DD) between the position of the AA and AF, besides the difference acceptance (DA) in primary teeth, and the effect of the following variables: root canal curvature, resorption degree, and canal size on DD and DA separately.MethodsIn this research, 180 root canals from 60 primary teeth were studied. Two lengths of each canal were measured by a K‐file from a certain point in the crown; the first length was until the AA and the second was until the AF. Then DD was obtained by calculating the difference between those two lengths. Statistical analysis tests were done. A p value of <.05 was considered significant at a 95% confidence level.ResultsThe percentage of canals with 0 mm DD was 34.4%, while it was 1.1% with DD of 6 mm. The percentages of acceptable ( ≤ 2 mm) and unacceptable ( > 2 mm) difference were 84.4% and 15.6%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the DD value between the three groups of curvature degree and the three groups of canal size. There was a significant difference between the DA in the three groups of canal size.ConclusionDD has a wide variation value in primary teeth regardless of the degree of root resorption, which has not affected this value or the accepted difference; however, DD and acceptable difference values are somehow affected by the degree of root curvature and canal size. We recommend adding acceptable difference as a criterion when considering pulpectomy treatment in primary teeth.