bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An avian Modified Glasgow Coma Scale as a prognostic indicator in raptors with head trauma
Authors: Foss Kari D. , Keller Krista A. , Reich Sarah K. , Franzen-Klein Dana , Scott David , Sosa-Higareda Mariana , Hague Devon W. , Whittington Julia , Allender Matthew C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To develop a Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MGCS) for use in raptors presenting with head trauma and assess the agreement of the MGCS scores between examiners with varying backgrounds, and to assess the prognostic value of the avian MGCS in raptors with head trauma.

ANIMALS
156 native raptorial species.

METHODS
All raptors received an MGCS assessment within 8 hours of their presentation, between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019. For the first objective, the assessment was performed by a veterinary student, a wildlife veterinarian, and a board-certified or resident veterinary neurologist. Each animal received a score in 3 categories (motor activity, level of consciousness, and brain stem reflexes) and an overall score. For the second objective, the MGCS scoring was performed by the intaking clinical team member and survival after 48 hours was documented.

RESULTS
Agreement between the 3 individual scores was assessed via Cronbach α and intraclass correlation. There was excellent-good agreement in all 3 assessment categories as well as the overall score. Univariate associations between survival and demographic factors were determined using the χ2 test. Overall, raptors with a total MGCS of < 10 were less likely to survive than those with a score > 12.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
An avian-specific MGCS demonstrated good-excellent agreement among raters of various backgrounds in assessing raptors with head trauma. Additionally, this study showed that an avian-specific MGCS may be correlated with the probability of survival within the first 48 hours after presentation to rehabilitation facilities in raptors with head trauma.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BAHASA LISAN PADA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI METODE SHOW AND TELL DI TK PERTIWI 01 CINGEBUL
Authors: Maftuhah Aeny , Ariyati Tatik 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari dua siklus dengan setiap siklusnya terdiri dari tiga pertemuan. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dari kurangnya kreativitas dan inovasi guru dalam pengembangan kemampuan bahasa lisan anak di sekolah yang mengakibatkan kurang bervariasinya metode pembelajaran sehingga anak kurang tertarik pada pembelajaran bahasa khususnya bahasa lisan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apakah metode show and tell dapat meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa lisan pada anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di TK Pertiwi 01 Cingebul. Hasil penelitian ini selain mengembangkan kemampuan bahasa anak juga dapat mengembangkan lima aspek perkembangan anak yaitu perkembangan kognitif, sosial-emosional, moral dan agama, fisik-motorik serta seni.
Synergistic Effect of Potassium Iodide on Inhibitive Performance of Propyl Alcohol during Corrosion of Mild Steel in 1.0M HCl
Authors: Yaro Aprael. S. , Abdul Majeed Basma A. , Atiyah Elaf Q. 
Published: July 2023

The inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1.0M HCl by 1-propanol and the synergistic effect of potassium iodide (KI) was investigated using weight loss and polarization techniques in the temperature range (30 ‒ 50) ̊ C. A matrix of Doelhert to three factors was used as the experimental design, adopting weight loss results as it permits the use of the response surface methodology which exploited in determination of the synergistic effect as inhibition on the mild steel. The results were confirmed using electrochemical polarization measurements. Experimental results showed that the inhibition efficiency (IE%) increases with increase in concentration of inhibitor and with increasing of temperature. The addition iodide ions to alcohol (inhibitor) enhanced the inhibition eﬃciency due to synergistic eﬀect. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the studied compound is mixed-type inhibitor causing blocking of active sites on the mild steel surface .The adsorption of the inhibitor and its combination with iodide ions on mild steel surface followed
Langmuir adsorption isotherm via physisorption mechanism, which was proposed based on values of adsorption Gibbs free energy difference ΔGads. Statistically, the multi-variable regression equation describes the behavior of the corrosion inhibition process with high accuracy (correlation coefficient R2 between 0.974 and 1).
Adsorption of Fluoroquinolones Antibiotics on Activated Carbon by K2CO3 with Microwave Assisted Activation
Authors: Abbas Ammar S. , Ahmed Muthana J. , Darweesh Teeba M. 
Published: July 2023

The preparation of low cost activated carbon from date stones and microwave method by using K2CO3 as chemical activator were investigated.
The prepared activated carbon was used to remove fluoroquinolones antibiotics from aqueous solution. The characterizations of the activated carbon is represented by surface area, pore volume, ash content, moisture content, bulk density, and iodine number. The adsorbed fluoroquinolones antibiotics are Ciprofloxcin (CIP), Norfloxcin (NOR) and Levofloxcin (LEVO). Different variables as pH, initial concentrations and contact time were studied to show the efficieny of prepared activated carbon. The experimental adsorption data were analyzed by Lungmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm. The experimental results are described by Lungmiur isotherm. The kinetic data were fitted to pseudo-first order kinetics, pseudo-second order kinetics and interparticle diffusion model. The kinetic adsorption data were best fitted by psuedo-second order kinetic.
Development of a novel immune infiltration-related diagnostic model for Alzheimer’s disease using bioinformatic strategies
Authors: Zhuang Xianbo , Zhang Guifeng , Bao Mengxin , Jiang Guisheng , Wang Huiting , Li Shanshan , Wang Zheng , Sun Xiujuan 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is complex and multi-factorial. Increasing evidence has shown the important role of immune infiltration in AD. Thus the current study was designed to identify immune infiltration-related genes and to explore their diagnostic value in AD.MethodsThe expression data of AD patients were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma R package identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AD and controls. The CIBERSORT algorithm identified differentially infiltrated immune cells (DIICs) between AD and controls. DIIC-correlated DEGs were obtained by Pearson correlation analysis. WGCNA was employed to identify DIIC-related modules. Next, LASSO, RFE, and RF machine learning methods were applied to screen robust DIIC-related gene signatures in AD, followed by the construction and validation of a diagnostic nomogram. Detection of the expression of related genes in the peripheral blood of Alzheimer’s disease and healthy volunteers by RT-PCR. In addition, the CTD database predicted chemicals targeting DIIC-related gene signatures in the treatment of AD.ResultsNK cells, M0 macrophages, activated myeloid dendritic cells, resting mast cells, CD8+ T cells, resting memory CD4+ T cells, gamma delta T cells, and M2 macrophages were differentially infiltrated between AD and controls. Pearson analysis identified a total of 277 DIIC-correlated DEGs between AD and controls. Thereafter, 177 DIIC-related genes were further obtained by WGCNA analysis. By LASSO, RFE and RF algorithms, CMTM2, DDIT4, LDHB, NDUFA1, NDUFB2, NDUFS5, RPL17, RPL21, RPL26 and NDUFAF2 were identified as robust gene signature in AD. The results of RT-PCR detection of peripheral blood samples from Alzheimer’s disease and healthy volunteers showed that the expression trend of ten genes screened was consistent with the detection results; among them, the expression levels of CMTM2, DDIT4, LDHB, NDUFS5, and RPL21 are significantly different among groups. Thus, a diagnostic nomogram based on a DIIC-related signature was constructed and validated. Moreover, candidate chemicals targeting those biomarkers in the treatment of AD, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, rosiglitazone, and resveratrol, were identified in the CTD database.ConclusionFor the first time, we identified 10 immune infiltration-related biomarkers in AD, which may be helpful for the diagnosis of AD and provide guidance in the treatment of AD.
Anti-interleukin 4 receptor α antibody for the treatment of Chinese bullous pemphigoid patients with diverse comorbidities and a 1-year follow-up: a monocentric real-world study
Authors: Wang Si-Hang , Shan Ying , Li Si-Zhe , Zuo Ya-Gang 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundBullous pemphigoid (BP) is a common subepidermal bullous disorder that lacks adequate treatment alternatives. Dupilumab, an anti-interleukin (IL) 4 receptor α antibody blocking Th2 molecules IL-4 and 13, has been used off-label and shown to be effective in refractory BP cases.MethodsBP patients with various disease severities and comorbidities were included in this case series. All patients received dupilumab alone or in combination with immunosuppressants in a real-world setting. Complete remission (CR) was defined as the absence of pruritus symptoms and previous BP eruptions, with only hyperpigmentation patches and without newly occurring lesions for at least 4 weeks. Disease relapse was classified as the appearance of three or more new lesions within 1 month or at least one large urticarial or eczematous lesion that did not resolve within a week.FindingsTen individuals were enrolled in this case series. Pruritus symptoms and BP eruptions improved significantly in nine patients (90%). Seven patients (70%) attained CR, including all mild-to-moderate (100%) cases and three of six (50%) severe BP cases. At the dupilumab monotherapy stage, eosinophilia was observed in two severe cases. One patient out of seven (14.3%) relapsed after 1 year of follow-up after CR.ConclusionTreatment of BP with diverse comorbidities with anti-IL-4 receptor α antibody provides further credentials to a prospective randomized study. More impressive efficacy and safety profiles were observed in patients with mild-to-moderate disease after 1 year of follow-up. Eosinophilia may occur in patients receiving dupilumab monotherapy.
Being a morning man has causal effects on the cerebral cortex: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Ru , He Sheng , Ruan Sijie , He Binghua , Li Junda , Pan Linghui 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionNumerous studies have suggested a connection between circadian rhythm and neurological disorders with cognitive and consciousness impairments in humans, yet little evidence stands for a causal relationship between circadian rhythm and the brain cortex.MethodsThe top 10,000 morningness-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics were used to filter the instrumental variables. GWAS summary statistics from the ENIGMA Consortium were used to assess the causal relationship between morningness and variates like cortical thickness (TH) or surficial area (SA) on the brain cortex. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and weighted median (WM) were used as the major estimates whereas MR-Egger, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel-plot were used for heterogeneity and pleiotropy detecting.ResultsRegionally, morningness decreased SA of the rostral middle frontal gyrus with genomic control (IVW: β = −24.916 mm, 95% CI: −47.342 mm to −2.490 mm, p = 0.029. WM: β = −33.208 mm, 95% CI: −61.933 mm to −4.483 mm, p = 0.023. MR Egger: β &lt; 0) and without genomic control (IVW: β = −24.581 mm, 95% CI: −47.552 mm to −1.609 mm, p = 0.036. WM: β = −32.310 mm, 95% CI: −60.717 mm to −3.902 mm, p = 0.026. MR Egger: β &lt; 0) on a nominal significance, with no heterogeneity or no outliers.Conclusions and implicationsCircadian rhythm causally affects the rostral middle frontal gyrus; this sheds new light on the potential use of MRI in disease diagnosis, revealing the significance of circadian rhythm on the progression of disease, and might also suggest a fresh therapeutic approach for disorders related to the rostral middle frontal gyrus-related.
Significance of 4D US parameters for the clinical treatment of female patients with stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Jiang Changqin , Zhang Song , Chen Jing , Zhang Yangyang , Cai Keke , Chen Wei , Wu Yuanyuan , Liang Chaozhao 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundStress urinary incontinence (SUI) that has been associated with abnormal pelvic floor muscle function or morphology is a common condition. This research aimed to study the impact of the four-dimensional (4D) pelvic floor ultrasound on the treatment of female patients with clinical diagnosis of SUI and to evaluate its clinical significance on SUI.MethodsWe enrolled 51 women with SUI. Before transobturator suburethral tape procedures, the patients underwent 4D pelvic floor ultrasonography. The measurements include residual urine volume, bladder detrusor thickness in resting state, the vertical distance from the bladder neck to the posterior inferior edge of pubic symphysis at rest and Valsalva movement, posterior angle of bladder urethra, and urethral rotation angle. The degree of movement of the bladder neck (the difference between the vertical distance from the bladder neck to the posterior inferior edge of the pubic symphysis under the resting state and the maximum Valsalva movement) and the formation of a funnel at the internal orifice of the urethra were calculated.ResultsThe mean bladder detrusor thickness was 2.6 ± 0.9 mm, the vertical distance from the bladder neck to the posterior inferior edge of pubic symphysis was 27.7 ± 4.5 mm, the posterior angle of the bladder was 122.7 ± 18.9°, the vertical distance from the rectal ampulla to the posterior inferior edge of pubic symphysis was 18.5 ± 4.6 mm, and the mean area of hiatus of the levator ani muscle was 22.1 ± 6.0 cm2. The mean posterior angle of the bladder on Valsalva was 159.3 ± 23.1°, and the mean urethral rotation angle was 67.2 ± 21.4°.ConclusionsThe 4D pelvic floor ultrasound is a reliable method in evaluating preoperational morphological characteristics of patients with SUI. With the help of the 4D pelvic floor ultrasound, the individualized treatment regimen can be developed and, more importantly, the inappropriate surgical decision can be avoided.
Adoption and Use of the NHS App in England: a mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: KC Sukriti , Reidy Claire , Laverty Anthony A , Papoutsi Chrysanthi , Powell John , Tewolde Salina , Costelloe Céire , Gudgin Bernard , Greaves Felix 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe NHS App was launched as a ‘front door’ to digitally enabled health services, offering a range of services including appointment booking and ordering prescriptions. The extent of App use and its impacts on digital inclusion is under-explored.AimTo evaluate patterns of App uptake and adoption among different population groups.MethodInterrupted time series analyses explored aggregate monthly App usage from January 2019 - May 2021. Regression model assessed differences in App registration by markers of GP level socio-demographic variables. Qualitative interviews and focus groups involving 83 participants were conducted and analysed thematically.ResultsThere were 8,524,882 App downloads and 4,449,869 registrations. Negative binomial models found 25% less registrations in the most deprived practices (P<0.001) and 44% more registrations in the largest practices (P<0.001). Registration was 36% more in practices with the highest percentage of White patients (P<0.001) and 23% more in practices with highest percentage of 15–34-year-olds (P<0.001). In contrast, App registration was 13% less in practices with highest percentage of males (P<0.001) and 2% less in those with highest percentage of people with long-term care needs (P<0.001). Qualitative evaluation found that the App was not perceived as relevant or accessible for all and there are important cultural considerations (for example, language barriers and some restrictions in symptom checking for non-White skin). However, it can enable patients to hold services accountable.ConclusionThere is high uptake of the NHS App but there are differences in adoption rates among different population groups and issues of relevance and accessibility, that warrant further work.
EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF GREEN MARKETING STRATEGIES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Authors: Hussain Zahid Hussain 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of green marketing strategies and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices on organizational performance and competitive advantage. The study aims to advance understanding of CSR principles and green marketing strategies and to provide practical guidance to companies wishing to increase their commitment to sustainability while maintaining a profitable position in the Pakistan market.
Classification of Trajectories in a Two-planet Exosystem Using the Generalized Three-body Problem
Authors: Moneer Eman M. , Dubeibe Fredy L. , Allawi Yazan M. , Alanazi Meznah M. , Hinse Tobias C. , Zotos Euaggelos E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We deploy the theory of the generalized three-body problem to describe an exosystem composed of a host star, a transiting Jupiter-sized exoplanet, and an Earth-sized exoplanet. By performing a thorough and systematic orbit classification we map a large section of the phase space and determine the final states of the Earth-sized exoplanet. In particular, we manage to classify the initial conditions of the perturber into several categories such as bounded regular or chaotic motion, collision, and escaping motion. Bounded regular motion corresponds to regions of the phase space in which the orbit of the Earth-sized planet would be stable. In our computations, we use realistic values of the involved parameters and initial conditions corresponding to real observable exosystems. Our analysis provides important information on how the mass of the host star as well as the mass of the Jupiter size affects the orbital dynamics of the Earth-sized exoplanet.
Rapid Growth of Galactic Supermassive Black Holes through Accreting Giant Molecular Clouds during Major Mergers of Their Host Galaxies
Authors: Lin Chi-Hong , Chen Ke-Jung , Hwang Chorng-Yuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Understanding the formation of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) present in the centers of galaxies is a crucial topic in modern astrophysics. Observations have detected SMBHs with masses of 109
M
⊙ in the high-redshift galaxies with z ∼ 7. However, how SMBHs grew to such huge masses within the first billion years after the Big Bang remains elusive. One possible explanation is that SMBHs grow quickly through the frequent mergers of galaxies, which provides sustainable gas to maintain rapid growth. This study presents the hydrodynamics simulations of the SMBHs’ growth with their host galaxies using the GIZMO code. In contrast to previous simulations, we have developed a giant molecular cloud (GMC) model by separating molecular gas particles from atomic gas particles and then evolving them independently. During major mergers, we show that the more massive molecular gas particles’ cloud bears stronger dynamical friction. Consequently, GMCs are substantially accreted onto the galactic centers that grow SMBHs from ∼107 to ∼109
M
⊙ within 300 Myr, which explains the rapid growth of SMBHs, and this accretion also triggers a violent starburst at the galactic center. Furthermore, we examine the impact of minor mergers on the bulge of a Milky Way–like galaxy and find that the size and mass of the bulge can increase from 0.92 to 1.9 kpc and from 4.7 × 1010 to 7 × 1010
M
⊙.
The Prevalence and Influence of Circumstellar Material around Hydrogen-rich Supernova Progenitors
Authors: Bruch Rachel J. , Gal-Yam Avishay , Yaron Ofer , Chen Ping , Strotjohann Nora L. , Irani Ido , Zimmerman Erez , Schulze Steve , Yang Yi , Kim Young-Lo , Bulla Mattia , Sollerman Jesper , Rigault Mickael , Ofek Eran , Soumagnac Maayane , Masci Frank J. , Fremling Christoffer , Perley Daniel , Nordin Jakob , Cenko S. Bradley , Ho Anna Y. Q. , Adams S. , Adreoni Igor , Bellm Eric C. , Blagorodnova Nadia , Burdge Kevin , De Kishalay , Dekany Richard G. , Dhawan Suhail , Drake Andrew J. , Duev Dmitry A. , Graham Matthew , Graham Melissa L. , Jencson Jacob , Karamehmetoglu Emir , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Kulkarni Shrinivas , Miller A. A. , Neill James D. , Prince Thomas A. , Riddle Reed , Rusholme Benjamin , Sharma Y. , Smith Roger , Sravan Niharika , Taggart Kirsty , Walters Richard , Yan Lin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Narrow transient emission lines (flash-ionization features) in early supernova (SN) spectra trace the presence of circumstellar material (CSM) around the massive progenitor stars of core-collapse SNe. The lines disappear within days after the SN explosion, suggesting that this material is spatially confined, and originates from enhanced mass loss shortly (months to a few years) prior to the explosion. We performed a systematic survey of H-rich (Type II) SNe discovered within less than 2 days from the explosion during the first phase of the Zwicky Transient Facility survey (2018–2020), finding 30 events for which a first spectrum was obtained within <2 days from the explosion. The measured fraction of events showing flash-ionization features (>36% at the 95% confidence level) confirms that elevated mass loss in massive stars prior to SN explosion is common. We find that SNe II showing flash-ionization features are not significantly brighter, nor bluer, nor more slowly rising than those without. This implies that CSM interaction does not contribute significantly to their early continuum emission, and that the CSM is likely optically thin. We measured the persistence duration of flash-ionization emission and find that most SNe show flash features for ≈5 days. Rarer events, with persistence timescales >10 days, are brighter and rise longer, suggesting these may be intermediate between regular SNe II and strongly interacting SNe IIn.
Prediction Capability of Geomagnetic Events from Solar Wind Data Using Neural Networks
Authors: Telloni Daniele , Schiavo Maurizio Lo , Magli Enrico , Fineschi Silvano , Guastavino Sabrina , Nicolini Gianalfredo , Susino Roberto , Giordano Silvio , Amadori Francesco , Candiani Valentina , Massone Anna Maria , Piana Michele 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Multiple neural network architectures, with different structural composition and complexity, are implemented in this study with the aim of providing multi-hour-ahead warnings of severe geomagnetic disturbances, based on in situ measurements of the solar wind plasma and magnetic field acquired at the Lagrangian point L1. First, a statistical analysis of the interplanetary data was performed to point out which are the most relevant parameters to be provided as input to the neural networks, and a preprocessing of the data set was implemented to face its heavy imbalance (the Earth’s magnetosphere is in fact mostly at rest). Then, neural networks were tested to evaluate their performance. It turned out that, in a binary classification problem, recurrent approaches are best at predicting critical events both 1 and 8 hr in advance, achieving a balanced accuracy of 94% and 70%, respectively. Finally, in an attempt at multistep prediction of the criticality of future geomagnetic events from 1–8 hr ahead, more complex neural networks, built by merging the different types of basic convolutional and recurrent architectures, have been shown to outperform single-step and state-of-the-art approaches with a balanced accuracy of at least 70%. Interestingly, the accuracy peaks at 4 hr, corresponding to the waiting time between the detection of solar drivers at L1 and the onset of the geomagnetic storm (as previously obtained by statistical investigations), suggesting that on average this is the time the Earth’s magnetosphere takes to react to the solar event.