bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy Atom Effect on Tn (n ≥ 2) Afterglow
Authors: Li Jiuyang , Yan Qianqian , Zhai Xiangxiang , Wang Guangming , Li Xun , Zhang Kaka 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe properties of higher triplet excited states (Tn, n ≥ 2) are essential for deep understanding of excited state dynamics, but direct observation of Tn phosphorescence remains rare, let alone systematic studies of Tn behaviors based on well‐designed luminescence molecules. Recently, a serendipitous finding of Tn (n ≥ 2) afterglow (phosphorescence lifetime > 0.1 s) in benzophenone‐containing difluoroboron β‐diketonate (BPBF2) system is communicated. Here Cl/Br/I atoms are covalently incorporated into BPBF2 molecules and report the first systematic study of heavy atom effect (HAE) on Tn (n ≥ 2) afterglow. It is known that Cl/Br/I HAE has been widely reported and thoroughly studied in T1 afterglow systems, which shows that Br atom is usually the optimized selection for balancing T1 afterglow efficiency and lifetime. In contrast, the covalent linkage of Br atom to BPBF2 has been found to dramatically suppress Tn (n ≥ 2) afterglow. The experimental emission intensity(T2)/intensity(T1) ratios are positively correlated with kIC(T1−T2)/kIC(T2−T1) × kP(T2)/kP(T1), where kIC and kP refer to the rates of calculated internal conversion and phosphorescence emission. These fundamental studies would be helpful for elucidating the panorama of Perrin‐Jablonski diagram of organic systems and provide intriguing Tn (n ≥ 2) afterglow materials for future applications.
Long, Fibrous, and Tailorable Dielectric Elastomer Artificial Muscles via Mask‐Free Stamping of Carbon Nanotube Electrodes
Authors: Shao Qi , Zhou Liang , Zhou Jingyi , Liu Xin‐Jun , Zhao Huichan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh‐performance, large‐size artificial muscles are in great demand in the field of robotics. This work reports a comprehensive approach for fabricating, actuating, sensing, and controlling a 180 mm‐long fibrous dielectric elastomer (DE) artificial muscle. The fabrication process introduces a novel method for patterning large‐area, uniform electrodes using vacuum filtration followed by mask‐free stamping on DE substrates. To address the challenge of long charging times that impair dynamic performance, an amplitude modulation algorithm is developed for high‐frequency actuation, which increased generated strain by 64% at a resonant frequency of 10 Hz. Additionally, the hollow space within the rolled artificial muscle is used to integrate a waveguide that serves as a strain sensor. This combined actuation‐sensing structure maintains flexibility and actuation capabilities while enabling self‐sensing and feedback control. The versatility of the DE artificial muscle is further demonstrated by segmenting a single long muscle into three shorter units and employing these units to construct two multi‐actuator machines: a tensegrity‐based gimbal and a rotary engine. This work advances the large‐scale production and application of DE artificial muscles.
Highly Energy Release of Aluminum@Ammonium Perchlorate Composites Incorporated with Graphene Oxide‐based Energetic Coordination Polymer
Authors: Xu Ruixuan , Xue Zhihua , Yang Danfeng , Li Xin , Nie Hongqi , Guo Yongqiang , Guo Hua , Yan Qi‐Long , Gu Junwei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAchieving high energy release of aluminum (Al) and ammonium perchlorate (AP) is of significant importance in the realm of energy materials. In this work, integrated Al@AP/GO‐CHZ‐M (M = Co2+ or Ni2+) composites are successfully synthesized through an integrated design and precise catalysis approach. The integrated Al@AP/Co composites exhibit fast decomposition, with a 76.6 °C reduction in decomposition temperature and a 66.0% increase in heat release compared to Al+AP mixture counterpart. From a kinetic perspective, the decomposition activation energy for Al@AP/Co is largely decreased by 215.5 kJ mol−1 (−67.4%) and its kinetics shifted to an autocatalytic model. Transition metals in GO‐CHZ‐M facilitate the proton transfer during the decomposition of AP, significantly increasing the yield of low‐valence nitrogen oxides. The ignition of the Al@AP/M composites is enhanced, with a 37.2 ms (−40.2%) reduction in ignition delay and a 6.6‐fold increase in radiation intensity over Al+AP. The change from deflagration for the physical mixture to detonation for integrated Al@AP/M composites further suggests high energy release. Furthermore, the mechanism of the integrated design and precise catalysis on the energy release enhancement of Al@AP composites is elucidated. This approach holds broad application prospects in the fields of solid propellants, aluminized explosives, micro‐thrusters, and pyrotechnics systems.
Highly Efficient Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Capped Carbon Quantum Dots with Unity Quantum Yield
Authors: Wang Lihua , Wang Xiaohan , Zhao Haiguang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLuminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) can convert sunlight to clean energy by serving as large‐area collectors of sunlight. Benefiting from their large‐area, semi‐transparency, and lightweight characteristics, LSCs have gained a great of attention. However, their optical efficiency is limited by the low quantum yield (QY) and small Stokes shift of conventional photoluminescent materials. Carbon quantum dots (C‐dots) are promising alternatives, yet achieving both high QY and large Stokes shift has proven challenging. Here, a simple, controllable vacuum heating method is introduced to synthesize highly efficient C‐dots using a citric acid‐urea‐cyanuric acid‐CaCl2 system. The cyanuric acid‐capped C‐dots exhibit outstanding properties, including a QY of 94.3% in solution and 100% in a polymer matrix, a large Stokes shift of 0.64 eV, and exceptional photostability, making them ideal for LSC applications. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy provides insights into their exciton dynamics. An LSC (25 cm2) based on these C‐dots achieves an optical efficiency of 13.82% ± 0.30%, while its attached photovoltaic cell attains a power conversion efficiency of 4.82% ± 0.10% under natural sunlight (80 mW cm−2), marking the highest performance reported for C‐dot‐based LSCs. These results highlight the potential of cyanuric acid‐capped C‐dots for advanced solid‐state lighting and energy conversion technologies.
Rapid Room Temperature Entropy‐Stabilized Synthesis Enabling Super‐Stable Metal Halide Perovskite Semiconductor Colloidal Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Louwen , Chen Yibo , Zheng Zhimiao , Zhou Yuan , Li Chen , Li Guang , Ren Bin , Hu Zhongqiang , Zhou Hai , Ren Fuqiang , Ke Weijun , Fang Guojia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlthough high‐entropy materials have garnered extensive attention due to their substantially enhanced performance, their formation generally demands prolonged high‐temperature synthetic processes. Moreover, research on entropy‐stabilized halide perovskite (ESHP) semiconductor colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) is scarce. Herein, a highly efficient and rapid room temperature (RT) entropy‐stabilized approach in air is proposed, involving the concurrent incorporation of multi‐metal cations for the synthesis of high‐quality all‐inorganic ESHP NCs with near‐unity quantum yield and excellent colloidal stability. Remarkably, even after 8 months of aging in air, the ESHP NCs exhibited superior emission characteristics with a single‐exponential decay and maintained the initial NC monodispersity. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrated that the outstanding performance of ESHP NCs originated from the diminished crystal defects and a more robust octahedral structure. Significantly, this RT entropy‐driven synthesis can be extended to metal halide semiconductor NCs with diverse composition systems. The findings inspire new perspectives for entropy‐stabilized, high‐performance metal halide perovskite NCs toward versatile applications.
WS2/MHS PdTe2/Si Mixed‐Dimensional Heterojunction as Ultra‐Broadband Photodetector for Health and Safety Monitoring
Authors: Ling Cuicui , Rong Chen , Men Boxuan , Wang Jingyao , Sun Jiayi , Zhang Tuo , Zhang Lingtan , Guo Tianchao , Zhou Peiheng , Liu Wenpeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUltra‐broadband photodetectors (UB‐PDs) are essential in medical applications, public safety monitoring, and various other fields. However, developing UB‐PDs covering multiple bands from ultraviolet to medium infrared remains a challenge due to material limitations. Here, a mixed‐dimensional heterojunction composed of 2D WS2/monodisperse hexagonal stacking (MHS) 3D PdTe2 particles on 3D Si is proposed, capable of detecting light from 365 to 9600 nm. The exceptional performance of this photodetector is attributed to MHS PdTe₂ particles, which increase the specific surface area and enhance UV‐to‐NIR absorption of the 2D WS₂ nanofilm. At 980 nm (0 V), the device achieves a responsivity of 7.8 × 102 mA W−1, a detectivity of 2.5 × 1013 Jones, and a sensitivity of 2.6 × 108 cm2 W−1. The MHS PdTe₂ layer amplifies the built‐in electric field and enhances heterojunction self‐powered capability. This photodetector exhibits a high switching ratio (104), a rapid response time (24.14 µs), and a significant photocurrent gain at zero bias. Its application in blood oxygen saturation analysis is demonstrated based on dual‐wavelength photoplethysmography (PPG) at 650 and 905 nm, and infrared perspective imaging at 808 nm. Additionally, the device can differentiate materials based on their transmittance at 9600 nm. This research opens new avenues for the multifunctional use of UB‐PDs.
Electrically Switchable Multi‐Stable Topological States Enabled by Surface‐Induced Frustration in Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells
Authors: Neirynck Jelto , Hsiao Yu‐Tung , Stebryte Migle , Nys Inge 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn liquid crystal (LC) cells, the surface patterning directs the self‐assembly of the uniaxial building blocks in the bulk, enabling the design of stimuli‐response optical devices with various functionalities. The combination of different anchoring patterns at both substrates can lead to surface induced frustration, preventing a purely planar and defect‐free configuration. In cells with crossed assembly of rotating anchoring patterns, elastic deformations allow to obtain a defect‐free bulk configuration, but an electrical stimulus can induce disclination lines. The disclination network is preserved without applied voltage. Depending on the electric field treatment and geometrical parameters, different multi‐stable states with and without disclinations are obtained. This is demonstrated with the help of dual‐frequency LCs, for which the frequency dependent dielectric properties allow repeatable switching between multi‐stable states. Topological protection and the associated energy barrier between different states explains the observed metastability. The obtained configurations are retrieved with Q‐tensor simulations and the validity is confirmed by matching optical simulations with experimentally obtained microscopy images. The realized multi‐stable topological states interact differently with light, resulting in distinct optical properties. Optimization allows to switch between a highly transparent state and an opaque state, opening up opportunities for smart windows with low energy consumption.
Protein‐Guided Biomimetic Calcification Constructing 3D Nitrogen‐Rich Core‐Shell Structures Realizing High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: He Di , Wang Tianyi , Lu Jiahui , Liu Yu , Gu Wei , Liu Xin , Fu Chongchong , Qin Yuting , Li Jiabao , Liu Xiaoyue , Wang Chengyin , Pang Huan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBiomimetic calcification is a micro‐crystallization process that mimics the natural biomineralization process, where biomacromolecules regulate the formation of inorganic minerals. In this study, it is presented that a protein‐assisted biomimetic calcification method for the in situ synthesis of nitrogen‐doped metal‐organic framework (MOF) materials. A series of unique core‐shell structures are created by utilizing proteins as templates and guiding agents in the nucleation step, creating ideal conditions for shell growth. To further understand the influence of the protein and organic ligand on the morphology of the MOF shell, the competing mechanism toward metal ions is supposed. Through systematic experiments and analyses, a strategy to construct unique precursor structures by controlling calcification nucleation is proposed. After carbonization, protein‐containing precursors exhibit exceptional porous characteristics, stability, and high nitrogen content. These attributes make them promising materials as sulfur hosts in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSB). Electrochemical tests confirm that biomimetic calcification‐assisted 3D carbonaceous structure can effectively immobilize dissolved polysulfides, demonstrating strong adsorption and catalytic capabilities. This discovery not only opens up new avenues for employing biomimetic calcification as a sustainable method for batteries but also enlightens the fields of materials science, catalytic chemistry, and energy storage.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Nanoscintillators for X‐Ray‐Induced Photodynamic Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gu Lihui , Wu Han , Li Xu , Xu Jiahao , Wang Mingda , Li Chao , Yao Lanqing , Diao Yongkang , Li Yuchen , Chen Fujie , Shen Feng , Xiang Huijing , Chen Yu , Yang Tian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractX‐ray induced photodynamic therapy (X‐PDT) leverages penetrating X‐ray to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) for treating deep‐seated tumors. However, conventional X‐PDT typically relies on heavy metal inorganic scintillators and organic photosensitizers to produce 1O2, which presents challenges related to toxicity and energy conversion efficiency. In this study, highly biocompatible organic phosphorescent nanoscintillators based on hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOF) are designed and engineered, termed BPT‐HOF@PEG, to enhance X‐PDT in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. BPT‐HOF@PEG functions simultaneously as both scintillator and photosensitizer, effectively absorbing and transferring X‐ray energy to generate abundant 1O2. Both in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrate that internalized BPT‐HOF@PEG efficiently produces significant quantities of 1O2 upon X‐ray irradiation. Additionally, X‐ray exposure directly inflicts DNA damage, and the synergistic effects of these mechanisms result in pronounced cell death and substantial tumor growth inhibition, with a significant inhibition rate of up to 90.4% in vivo assessments. RNA sequencing analyses reveal that X‐PDT induces apoptosis in Hepa1‐6 cells while inhibiting cell proliferation, culminating in tumor cell death. Therefore, this work highlights the considerable potential of efficient phosphorescent HOF nanoscintillators‐based X‐PDT as a promising therapeutic approach for HCC, providing a highly effective alternative with negligible toxicity for patients with unresectable tumors.
Cryoshocked Adipocytes Mediated Dual‐Modal Strategy Combining Photodynamic Therapy and Triptolide Palmitate for Pulmonary Metastatic Melanoma Treatment
Authors: Li Aixue , Qi Fu , Zeng Yuanye , Liu Rongmei , Cai Huanhuan , He Mengyuan , Li Dan , Gu Yongwei , Liu Jiyong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPulmonary metastasis represents one of the most prevalent forms of metastasis in advanced melanoma, with mortality rates reaching 70%. Current treatments including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy frequently exhibit limited efficacy or present high costs. To address these clinical needs, this study presents a biomimetic drug delivery system (Ce6‐pTP‐CsA) utilizing cryoshocked adipocytes (CsA) encapsulating the prodrug triptolide palmitate (pTP) and the photosensitizer Ce6, exploiting the characteristic of tumor cells to recruit and lipolyze adipocytes for energy. CsA substantially enhances the drug‐loading capacity of adipocytes, with its particle size characteristics enabling targeted delivery of pTP to the lungs. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and pTP activates the caspase cascade, promoting apoptosis in tumor cells. Notably, the cleavage of disulfide bonds in pTP depletes glutathione (GSH), reducing its scavenging effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing the efficacy of PDT. Results demonstrate that Ce6‐pTP‐CsA effectively inhibits the proliferation and invasion of pulmonary metastatic melanoma cells in vitro and induces apoptosis, while significantly suppressing lung metastasis of SCID mice models in vivo. In conclusion, this novel biomimetic drug delivery system based on adipocytes provides a promising strategy for targeted therapy in pulmonary metastatic melanoma.
Highly Robust Double Memristive Device Based on Perovskite/Molybdenum Oxide‐Sulfide Compound Heterojunction System
Authors: Kalemai Gion , Verykios Apostolos , Chatzigiannakis Georgios , Tsipas Polychronis , Dimoulas Athanasios , Psycharis Vassilis , Sakellis Elias , Boukos Nikos , Likodimos Vlassis , Karatasios Ioannis , Kourtis Michael‐Alexandros , Aidinis Konstantinos , Chroneos Alexander , Yusoff Abd Rashid bin Mohd , Argitis Panagiotis , Davazoglou Dimitris , Vasilopoulou Maria , Soultati Anastasia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHalide organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are a promising class of materials for neuromorphic computing and processing systems demonstrating a variety of resistive switching (RS) mechanisms. HOIPs have been used as active layers in two‐ and three‐terminal synaptic devices reporting high performance in metrics of speed and energy consumption. Nevertheless, halide perovskites suffer from poor ambient stability and reproducibility. In this work, a highly robust double memristor based on two active layers forming a stacking heterojunction is demonstrated. In particular, the functional layer consists of a molybdenum oxide‐molybdenum sulfide compound (MoO3‐MoS2) and a quadruple cation perovskite (RbCsMAFA) deposited on top showing favorable band alignment for the specific application. The double memristor based on the MoO3‐MoS2/RbCsMAFA heterojunction exhibits impressive and stable resistive switching behavior with endurance of 100 cycles, high retention of 2 × 104 s, high environmental stability maintaining its memristive behavior for 1 month, and excellent artificial synaptic functions. The robust device also exhibits good thermal stability maintaining the memristive characteristics at 85 °C, as well as good photonic memristive behavior with an improved ON/OFF ratio under constant illumination. Here it is proven that the proposed double memristor is a promising candidate for artificial synapses and neuromorphic computing systems.
Characterization Techniques for Probing the Electrolyte Solvation Structures of Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Xinqiang , Liu Bo , Xu Zhibin , Zhou Ya , Yang Yaxiong , Pan Hongge , Wang Gongming 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhile aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) have shown great promise for large‐scale energy storage, a series of interfacial side reactions derived from the decomposition of active water molecules in the Zn2+ solvation structures seriously hinder the practical application of AZMBs. Recently, regulating the solvation structures of Zn2+ in electrolytes has been proven to be effective in alleviating the interfacial side reactions. Advanced characterization techniques to probe the solvation structures of electrolytes provide powerful tools for comprehensively understanding the underlying relationship between the solvation structures of electrolytes and the performance of AZMBs. Although significant processes have been achieved in electrolyte engineering and mechanistic understanding of the solvation structures has been preliminarily established, systematic summary of the characterization techniques for solvation structures is still absent. Considering the importance of the solvation structures in electrolyte engineering, a comprehensive review of this topic is necessary. In this review article, the advantages and application scope of the ever‐used characterization techniques in studying the solvation structures are introduced and the remaining challenges and the potential opportunities in the future are discussed.
Prevalence and characteristics of group standardized letters of evaluation in emergency medicine: A cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Sehdev Morgan , Egan Daniel J. , Bord Sharon , Hegarty Cullen , Shappell Eric 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe standardized letter of evaluation (SLOE) for emergency medicine (EM) is a well‐established tool for residency selection. While previous work characterizes the utility and outcomes related to SLOE use, less is known about SLOE authorship patterns and trends.ObjectiveThe objective was to measure the prevalence of group SLOEs in EM over time, characterize the role groups represented in group SLOEs, and compare the rating practices of groups of authors versus single authors.MethodsSLOE data from 2016 through 2021 were obtained from the CORD database. An algorithm was developed to process SLOE author fields to accomplish three tasks: (1) determine whether the SLOE was written by an individual or a group, (2) determine the number of named letter writers on group SLOEs, and (3) identify roles of individuals listed on group SLOEs. A total of 150 SLOEs were randomly selected for review by the study team to use as a standard to which algorithm performance was compared. Mean ratings were compared for (1) individual versus group SLOEs and (2) individual SLOEs from clerkship directors (CDs) versus others.ResultsA total of 40,218 SLOEs met inclusion criteria. The algorithm performed well in detecting group SLOEs, authors, and titles. Institutions submitting only SLOEs written by a group of authors increased from 31.4% to 54.5%. Authors per group SLOE increased from 3.4 in 2016 to 4.0 in 2021. Mean ratings were slightly higher in individual SLOEs compared to group SLOEs. Individual SLOEs from non‐CDs had higher ratings compared to those from CDs.ConclusionsThe proportion of SLOEs authored by groups increased over the study interval. Grading practices are similar between group SLOEs and individual SLOEs authored by CDs. Individual SLOEs from non‐CDs had slightly higher ratings compared to the other groups.