bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and the Factors Associated with Self-Medication Practice
Authors: Shaw Priya , Mandal Sutapa , Samsuzzaman Md. , Das Sulagna 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Self-medication (SM) is popular globally but leads to the wastage of resources, health hazards, and resistance to pathogens. This study aims to ascertain the frequency and manner, in which SM practices were employed by the urban population of Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal.

Materials and Methods:
The study was an observational cross-sectional one conducted in Burdwan Municipality, West Bengal, India, using a sample size of 180 adults (aged at least 18 years), residing in the study area, i.e., urban slum area for at least 6 months and conducted over 2 months. The data have been collected through a semi-structured schedule consisting of questions on the sociodemographic characteristics of the study subjects and their SM practices. The data were thereafter analyzed, wherein descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test were used.

Results:
It was found that SM was prevalent among 48.9% of the study population, with most participants practicing SM for body pain, headache, and fever. Among the different classes of drugs used, analgesics were the most common (31.8%), followed by antipyretics (25.0%) and antacids (20.5%). The correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and the practice of SM showed that individuals below the age of 36 were found to be more likely to engage in SM, along with individuals who had a low monthly income, and no comorbidities. These subjects were practicing SM more than their counterparts and it was statistically significant with the P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
The study emphasizes the importance of awareness and education regarding the proper use of over-the-counter drugs and recommends educating pharmacists and the public about the same. Public health programs should be introduced for the people living in slums to create cautiousness about SM.
Management Of Clear Aligner-related Severe Enamel Demineralization With A Modified Resin Infiltration Technique
Authors: Ngoc Vo Truong Nhu , Ha Pham Thanh , Hung Dang Trieu , Anh Nguyen Viet 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Enamel demineralization expressed as white spot lesions (WSLs) has been reported to be associated with both fixed and removable orthodontic appliances.

Case report:
This case report described the management of a patient with clear aligner-related severe enamel demineralization using a modified resin infiltration technique. Microabrasion with Opalustre (Ultradent, Utah, USA) was performed to remove the remineralized enamel surface followed by repeated etching with ICON Etch (DMG, Hamburg, Germany) until the WSLs disappeared after ethanol application. A #12 blade could be used to check whether the superficial layer was demineralized enough for the resin to infiltrate. The ICON-Infiltrant (DMG, Hamburg, Germany) was applied to the etched enamel and light-cured. After treatment, all the WSLs showed improvement with the color nearly matching the adjacent sound enamel.

Discussion:
Modified resin infiltration technique combined with microabrasion could be an effective noninvasive method to treat severe enamel demineralization including shallow localized enamel breakdown. However, more clinical studies are required to assess the efficacy and safety of this method.
Relationship between Salivary Levels of Protein Carbonyl and Total Antioxidant Capacity and Prevalence of Dental Caries among Type 1 Diabetic Children
Authors: Obaid Shahad Fahim , Munther Shahbaa , Abbas Marwa Hasan 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
We aimed to assess the possible relationship between dental caries prevalence and oxidative stress markers such as protein carbonyl (PC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) of saliva among type 1 diabetic children.

Methods:
An analytical cross-sectional study was performed among 45 type 1 diabetic children and compared with 45 healthy control children aged 10 to 12 years old. Dental caries was diagnosed and recorded using the decayed, missing, and filling index (DMFS/dmfs). Unstimulated salivary specimens were collected for evaluation of TAOC and PC using an enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). A linear regression model and one-way ANOVA test were employed for data analysis using the R 4.3.0.

Results:
Salivary levels of TAOC and PC, having diabetes, and diabetes status (controlled or uncontrolled) were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) predicators regarding the prevalence of dental caries among type 1diabetic children.

Conclusion:
The diabetic status had a significant effect on salivary levels of TAOC and PC, but no significant effect on the prevalence of dental caries.
Phytochemicals and biological activities of caraway (Carumcarvi L.) essential oil
Authors: El-Rady Mohamed F.A. , Rasmy Nagwa M.H. , Yasin Nessrien M. , Fahmy Hanea A. , Amer Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

Background and aim
Caraway is a famous medicinal plant in various pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of this plant’s essential oil (EO).

Materials and methods
Caraway EO was obtained from dried caraway seeds using the hydrodistillation process. The composition of caraway EO was inspected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses. The antioxidant activity of caraway EO was determined by three different in vitro antioxidant assays: 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2’-azino-bis3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+) scavenging activity and reducing power. The agar well diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial action. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, and the data were expressed as the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50).

Results and conclusion
Carvone was the major compound of caraway EO, followed by limonene. Estimation of the antioxidant activity using DPPH• scavenging activity, ABTS•+ scavenging activity, and reducing power assays revealed effective efficacy [IC50=32.46±0.75, 2.44±0.44, and 17.65±0.70 µg/ml, respectively, compared with 11.55±0.53, 1.50±0.29, and 23.19±0.78 µg/ml for standard control (butylated hydroxyanisole), respectively]. Strong anticancer activity was detected against all types of cancer cells, especially the colon cell line (HCT-116) and liver cell line (HepG-2). These results suggest that caraway EO can be used as a preservative food agent in food industries as well as in the field of pharmacy, as it presents promising anticancer properties.
Cancer micro-environment immune modulation by Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) crud venom
Authors: Neweigy Hosni A. , Gouida Mona S. , El Nagger Mohamed S. , Salem Mohamed L. 
Published: June 2023

Background
Cancer can control immune system suppression mechanisms by activating regulatory T cells; myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and increasing the expression of co-inhibitor proteins. Snake venoms showed anticancer activity by targeting specific molecular pathways.

Objective
Here, we investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) venom different doses compared with cisplatin in healthy and cancer murine models.

Materials and methods
Female Balb/c mice aged 2–3 months, are separated into three general groups (control groups, solid (subcutaneous) tumors, and soft (ehrlich ascites) tumors. Mice were inoculated with ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells about 2×106 and 1.5×106 cells subcutaneously and intraperitoneal for 28 and 10 days, respectively.

Results
MDSCs decreased nonsignificantly in control groups treated with cisplatin, 1/10, 1/30 LD50 also, in ascites tumor group treated with 1/30 LD50 (P=0.055). While it increased non-significantly in healthy control treated with 1/20 LD50, all treated solid tumor groups and in ascites tumor groups treated with cisplatin and 1/20 LD50, on the other hand, Regulatory T cells in control groups decreased significantly in groups treated with cisplatin and 1/30 LD50 on the other hand it increased nonsignificantly in groups treated with 1/20 and 1/10 LD50. In solid tumor groups, T regs increased with no statistical significance in all treated solid tumor groups also, in ascites tumor groups treated with 1/20 LD50 and cisplatin.

Conclusion
Low doses of (Naja haje) crud venom reduce MDSCs and T reg in the microenvironment of tumor while higher doses increase them, further investigation will be needed.
Deceased-Donor Renal Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Chadha Shiv , Choudhury Debarun , Goel Vivek , Gupta Anurag , Tiwari Vaibhav , Bhargava Vinant , Malik Manish , Gupta Ashwani , Bhalla Anil Kumar , Rana Devinder Singh 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Deceased-donor renal transplants can help cope up with the increasing demand of renal allografts in India. We evaluated the outcomes of deceased-donor renal transplantation at our center.

Methods:
This retrospective study analyzed the donor and recipient characteristics along with graft and patient survival in deceased-donor renal transplant recipients at our center between April 2011 and October 2021.

Results:
The mean age of recipients (n = 21) and deceased donors was 48 ± 9.4 and 39.3 ± 8.7 years, respectively. Male:female ratio among recipients was 1.6:1 while that in donors was 2:1. Chronic glomerulonephritis (71.4%) was the most common native kidney disease. Most patients received antithymocyte globulin (80.9%) as induction and tacrolimus-based triple-drug regimen (80.4%) as maintenance therapy. The median follow-up duration was 32.8 months. Graft dysfunction was reported in 57.1% (n = 12/21) patients; acute tubular necrosis was the most common reason (n = 5). Six patients died, and sepsis was the most common reason for death (n = 3/6; 50%); 66.7% (n = 4/6) deaths occurred within the first 6 months. The mean graft survival time was 106.2 months (95% confidence interval: 95.4–116.6). The cumulative proportion of graft survival was 95.2% (n = 20/21) at 3 and 5 years. The cumulative proportion of patient survival was 80.9% at 3 years and 76.2% at 5 years.

Conclusion:
Patient outcomes over 5 years follow-up were good and suggest that deceased-donor transplants should be encouraged along with living-donor transplants to cover the huge demand–supply mismatch in renal replacement therapy.
Burnout in Postgraduate Medical Students during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ghosh Prosenjit , Dutta Nibedita , Hussain Aminur 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Medical profession has been associated with high level of burnout leading to severe psychological problems among the medical students. With the emerging demand of health care facilities during a pandemic, medical students do face high exhaustion which may result in dissatisfaction in life.

Aims and Objectives:
To assess the level of burnout, the level of satisfaction and the level of distress in post graduate medical students in relation to covid 19 work load.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in s tertiary health care centre. A total of 100 post graduate medical students who actively participated in covid 19 duty were recruited for the study. A standardized and structured questionnaire for Oldenburg Inventory scale (OLBI-S), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to briefly assess the burnout level, life satisfaction and psychological distress respectively among the participants. A Self semi-structured proforma for socio-demographic details was given to study subjects to fill up.

Statistical Analysis:
Both qualitative and quantitative measures of data were calculated. Statistical significance was kept at p-value of <0.05 using Fisher’s t-test and Chi-square test wherever applicable. Analysis of data was done by using SPSS version 21.

Results:
Majority (85%) of the participants reported low burnout of which 62.3% (n=53) were male and 37.6% (n=32) were female. The level of exhaustion when compared with gender was found to be statistically significant (p-value=0.037). Most of the participants (n=55) reported to be slightly satisfied with their life of which 67% (n=37) were male and 32.7% (n=18) were female. Most of the participants(n=63) reported to be psychologically well while 34 of them reported mild distress of which 29 were male and 5 of them were female. The level of psychological distress when compared with gender was found to be statistically significant (p-value=0.002). No positive correlation was found between burnout level and level of satisfaction, neither between burnout level and level of psychological distress.

Conclusion:
Our study found an overall low burnout, low psychological distress and low level of dissatisfaction with life in the postgraduate medical students working in covid 19 pandemic.
Role of Indian Legislation in Rehabilitation of Homeless Mentally Ill Females: A Series of Three Cases
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Aggarwal Shivali , Kumar Deepak 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Rehabilitation services for homeless persons with mental illness (MI), especially females, are rudimentary in India. The Mental Healthcare Act, (MHCA) 2017 of India advocates community-based living for persons with MI where the role of the police is more defined. The aim is to highlight the role of the police helping in the treatment and rehabilitation of homeless females with MI through demonstration of a series of three cases. Three cases have been described in which the patients with MI were found by the police on the street. They were brought to the hospital and engaged in treatment network by the police, who then also facilitated their rehabilitation back in the community. The three cases are an illustration of Section 100 of MHCA 2017, which defines the specific role of the police. The police was guided by the said section to work in collaboration with the treating team for the overall well-being of the patients. Adequate utilization of available resources, along with the legislation can help in the upgradation of the neglected homeless individuals with MI.
Mental Health Concerns and their Management among Individuals Reaching Out to the National Psychosocial Helpline in India during COVID-19
Authors: Ibrahim Ferose Azeez , Sadh Kamaldeep , Ravindran Swati , Barikar Malathesh C. , Nirisha P. Lakshmi , Reddy P. Bhasker , George Sobin , Christopher Allen Daniel , Damodharan Dinakaran , Manikappa Sanjeev Kumar , Roopesh Bangalore N. , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Sekar Kasi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:
COVID-19 has affected the whole world. Apart from the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on physical health, there has been a significant impact on the mental health of the individuals. To address these mental health concerns, our institute had started a 24/7 national telephonic helpline to enable distressed individuals to reach out and seek help or assistance.

Aims:
In this article, the authors described the details of 126 tier-2 call backs and the types of psychiatric disorders that were catered to, between March 29, 2020 and May 31, 2020.

Methodology:
Descriptive analysis was done.

Results:
The concerns were characterized into five groups: exacerbation of preexisting mental and physical illness (30.9%); known case of mental or physical illness (19%); COVID related mental health concerns (22.2%); administrative or logistic issues (7.1%); new-onset mental health-related concerns or illnesses (15.9%). Majority of the calls (44.4%) were addressed by the second-tier mental health professionals (MHPs) (psychiatrists). Thirty-one percent were referred to the local medical or psychiatric services; 9.5% to the 3rd tier MHPs; 9% were connected to the treating psychiatrist or neurologist in the hospital; and 1.6% were referred to emergency services in the hospital.

Conclusions:
Using teleservices to address such a huge mental health crisis can be a way ahead to tackle this parallel menace brought about by COVID-19. However, the effectiveness of these helplines needs to be assessed and monitored at frequent intervals.
Persistent pain following total knee arthroplasty: The role of underlying diseases
Authors: Teimouri Mehdi , Motififard Mehdi , Lalehzar Sahar Sadat , Shahsavan Mohammad , Khayam Tala , Taravati Amir Mohammad , Sadeghian Amirhossein 
Published: June 2023

Background:
With increasing age and joint-destructive diseases, the need for novel surgeries such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has increased. Complications such as pain exacerbation and persistent pain after surgery may occur which increases rehabilitation programs. Factors such as body mass index (BMI), psychiatric disorders, spine diseases, and comorbidities diseases can affect outcomes. Our study was conducted to evaluate the effect of BMI, psychiatric disorders, spine diseases, and underlying diseases on persistent and annoying pain after TKA.

Materials and Methods:
This is a case–control study that was conducted on patients who underwent TKA in Kashani Hospital in Isfahan City in 2020–2022. Demographic data of patients including age and BMI, diabetes mellitus (DM), history of psychiatric disorders, spine disorders such as spondylolisthesis or disc herniation, and other underlying diseases were obtained. Patients were assigned to case or control groups based on pain complaints after surgery. All patients were evaluated 6 months after the initial surgery. After collecting the study data, they were entered into SPSS software (version 25, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) and analyzed.

Results:
We enrolled 35 patients in the case group and 39 patients in the control group between June 2020 and September 2022, based on the severity of pain measured using a Visual Analog Scale score. Our results show that BMI and DM had a meaningful relationship with pain after surgery (P ≤ 0.01). Other factors did not show a significant difference between groups.

Conclusion:
Underlying diseases, psychiatric diseases, and spine disorders did not significantly affect the pain after TKA. Patients with DM and higher BMI experienced more persistent pain after TKA.
Investigating the effect of dichlorvos and acetamiprid residues in greenhouse cucumber on biochemical parameters and protective role of colostrum
Authors: Salehi Mishani Hamid , Jalalizand Alireza , Modaresi Mehrdad 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Across the world, people are exposed to pesticide residues in agricultural products. Various materials are used to deal with effects of these residues. Considering the wide use of dichlorvos and acetamiprid in crops, pesticide residues in cucumber and its effects on the biochemical parameters of mice were calculated, and the protective role of donkey colostrum (DC) to deal with the pesticide effects was investigated.

Materials and Methods:
Dichlorvos (4 ml/l) and acetamiprid (0.5 g/l) residues, after spraying cucumber plants, were 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively. For 60 days, the mentioned doses were used in the drinking water of 4 groups of mice. No substances were added to mice drinking water in the control group while dichlorvos and acetamiprid groups received 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg of pesticide, respectively, and the mixed group received a combination of two pesticides. In order to investigate the protective role of DC, 0.2 ml of colostrum was given to each of the groups in a similar division and timing.

Results:
In the biochemical sector, albumin (control 2.96, dichlorvos 1.86, acetamiprid 2.00, and mix 1.6 g/dl) and total protein levels reduced. Alanine aminotransferase (control 41.8, dichlorvos 56.2, acetamiprid 58.4, and mix 68 iu/l) and aspartate aminotransferase levels increased. In the protective role of colostrum, albumin (control 2.96, dichlorvos 2.74, acetamiprid 2.80, and mix 2.50 g/dl) and alanine aminotransferase changes (control 41.8, dichlorvos 43.4, acetamiprid 46.0, and mix 52.2 iu/l) were recorded (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Adding pesticides to mice drinking water causes liver disorders and DC can be effective in protecting these damages.
C-reactive protein, D-dimer, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and troponin in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 in Iran
Authors: Salehi Hassan , Pakzad Bahram , Salehi Marzieh , Abbasi Saeed , Salehi Mohammad Mahdi , Naeini Maryam Kazemi 
Published: June 2023

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Iran has led to a lack of intensive care unit (ICU) facilities. This study examines C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and troponin in ICU patients with COVID-19 in comparison to COVID-19 patients admitted to the wards in Iran.

Materials and Methods:
In a case–control study, troponin, CRP, ESR, and D-dimer were compared in the case samples of 109 COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU, and in the control group, 140 COVID-19 patients admitted to the wards.

Results:
The mean of CRP (P < 0.001) and D-dimer (P < 0.001) was higher, whereas troponin (P < 0.001) was lower in patients admitted to the ICU, but no significant difference was observed between the values of ESR (P = 0.292) in the two groups.

Conclusion:
This study showed that the values of CRP and D-dimer were higher in patients admitted to the ICU, but no significant difference was observed between the values of ESR in the two groups.
Evaluation of intratracheal salbutamol effects in addition to surfactant in the clinical course of premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Moazami Goudarzi Razieh , Badiee Zohreh , Sadeghnia Alireza , Barekatain Behzad 
Published: June 2023

Background:
In addition to surfactant deficiency, secretion of fluid from blood to the lungs and increase in the fluid content of the lung play significant roles in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of salbutamol (a beta-agonist) on fluid clearance from the lungs in neonates with RDS.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized controlled clinical trial included 82 neonates with RDS admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of Alzahra and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Science from 2017 to 2018. Patients were recruited through convenience sampling. They were randomized into two groups, using simple randomization: 42 were only treated with intra-tracheal surfactant (control group) and 40 with intra-tracheal surfactant plus salbutamol (intervention group). The two groups were compared regarding intubation surfactant administration and extubation (INSURE) failure, duration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure, intubation, oxygen therapy, morbidity, and mortality.

Results:
INSURE failure leading to mechanical ventilation occurred in 3 neonates in the control group and 2 in the intervention group (P = 0.680). Mean hospital length of stay did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.230). Comparison of controls with the intervention group regarding complications and the incidence of morbidities revealed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Findings of this study were not in favor of the routine use of salbutamol in neonates with RDS as it did not improve the course of the disease among newborns.