bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating dermatology education in Australia: Medical students’ and junior doctors’ perceptions
Authors: Ireland Patrick , Rosen Richard , Spencer Sascha , Nielssen Amelia , Rosen Robert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite a high frequency of dermatological general practice and emergency department presentations, including serious and potentially fatal skin conditions, evidence suggests that undergraduate dermatological education remains sparse. Given this, there exists a need to gauge dermatology‐relevant knowledge and skill in our new doctors.MethodsAn online survey was completed by final‐phase medical students and junior doctors from Australian medical schools. The survey appraised self‐perceived confidence of dermatology knowledge and skills, in addition to 5 knowledge‐based multiple‐choice questions.ResultsNine hundred and forty‐two eligible responses were completed. Respondents reported low confidence in identifying dermatological conditions in people with skin of colour (μ = 1.69), handing over to dermatology colleagues (μ = 2.00) and in diagnosing and managing acute/emergency dermatology conditions (μ = 1.84). In contrast, participants felt most confident in counselling sun‐protective behaviours (μ = 3.95) and suturing small wounds (μ = 3.43). 76.4% of respondents had not undertaken any dermatology placement, and 70.9% had never been formally assessed in dermatology. Those who received dermatology placement had a significantly higher aggregated self‐reported confidence (p < 0.0001) and answered significantly more MCQs correctly (p = 0.0419). Those who had been formally assessed had a significantly higher self‐reported confidence (p < 0.001) and answered significantly more MCQs correctly (p = 0.007).ConclusionFinal‐phase medical students and junior doctors exhibit low confidence across many dermatology competencies. Participants believed they need more dermatology education, and seldom feel prepared when exposed to dermatologic pathologies. Introduction of a standardised curriculum, formal assessments and increased clinical exposure are possible solutions.
Hydroxychloroquine protects against autoimmune premature ovarian insufficiency by modulating the Treg/Th17 cell ratio in BALB/c mice
Authors: Shuai Ling , She Jiajie , Diao Ruiying , Zhao Huihui , Liu Xuemin , Hu Qingyu , Li Dongdong , Su Danna , Ye Xiaofeng , Guo Yan , Zhong Mei , Wang Liping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThe role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of HCQ on ovarian function in mice with POI and to clarify its potential mechanisms.MethodsPOI was induced in mice by injection with zona pellucida 3 peptide (pZP3), and HCQ was administered intragastrically. Stages of the estrous cycle were determined using vaginal cytology. The ovarian structure was observed under a microscope after hematoxylin‐eosin staining. The levels of serum hormones and anti‐ZP antibody (aZPAb) were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of CD4, CD45, and ZP2, ZP3 were determined using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The T regulatory (Treg)/ T helper 17 (Th17) cell ratio was analyzed using flow cytometry analysis. Western blotting was performed to assess the expression levels of proteins, transcription factors and cytokines.ResultsAdministration of HCQ to mice with POI greatly restored their estrus cycle. In the treatment group compared to the POI group, estradiol (E2) levels were higher, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were lower. In addition, following pZP3, HCQ treatment increased ZP2 and ZP3 expression. Additionally, by inhibiting the activation of the TLR7 signaling pathway, HCQ attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells and prevented the activated naive CD4+ T cells from developing into Th17 cells.ConclusionOur findings showed that HCQ effectively restored ovarian function by altering the Treg/Th17 cell ratio in mice with POI, indicating that HCQ maybe a promising therapeutic method for patients with POI.
Azithromycin treatment for short cervix with or without amniotic fluid sludge: A matched cohort study
Authors: Giles Michelle L. , Krishnaswamy Sushena , Metlapalli Manogna , Roman Alina , Jin Wallace , Li Wentao , Mol Ben W. , Sheehan Penelope , Said Joanne 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundPreterm birth (PTB) is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. A shortened cervix is a recognised risk factor for PTB, and amniotic fluid sludge (AFS) diagnosed on ultrasound may be suggestive of underlying inflammation or infection.AimsThe aim is to determine if azithromycin, administered in cases of a shortened cervix, results in prolongation of gestation with improvements in neonatal outcomes.Materials and MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study at three tertiary maternity services in Melbourne, Australia, between 2015 and 2020. Women with a singleton pregnancy were included if they had a cervical length of 15 mm or less at 13–24 weeks' gestation, with or without AFS. Exclusion criteria comprised multiple pregnancy, major fetal congenital anomaly, placenta praevia, prelabour premature rupture of membranes, vaginal bleeding and/or clinical signs suggestive of chorioamnionitis at the time of diagnosis of the short cervix. The results of antibiotic treatment with azithromycin were compared to those of no antibiotic treatment. The outcomes of interest were PTB, prelabour premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), chorioamnionitis and neonatal morbidity.ResultsA total of 374 women were included in the study, of whom 129 received azithromycin and 245 received no antibiotics. When adjusting for potential confounders, the adjusted risk of PTB overall was higher in the treatment group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.36 (95% confidence interval 1.04–1.77) P = 0.023) with no differences found for PPROM, chorioamnionitis or neonatal morbidity.ConclusionThese data do not support the routine use of azithromycin in women with a short cervix, including those with AFS detected on ultrasound.
Effects of different coating materials on the morphological characteristics of chicken adenohypophyseal folliculo‐stellate cells in vitro
Authors: Nishimura Shotaro , Yamahira Shungo , Chowdhury Vishwajit S. , Hosaka Yoshinao Z. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChicken adenohypophyseal cells were cultured in plates coated with different materials, and their morphologies were examined to confirm the characteristics of chicken folliculo‐stellate (FS) cells in vitro. The adenohypophyseal cells were dispersed with a collagenase/trypsin mixture in media and seeded in plates coated in either poly L‐lysine (PLL), collagen, or laminin. After 7 days of culture, the cells were fixed and immunocytochemistry was performed. 5‐Bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation test indicated that the proliferation activity of the culture cells was different based on the coating materials, and it was higher in the collagen‐coated plate than two other coating materials. Fluorescence immunocytochemistry was also performed using mixed antibodies against growth hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone β‐subunit, basic cytokeratin (bCK), and S100B. The culture cells on the PLL‐ and laminin‐coated surfaces were round or oval in shape, and bCK‐immunopositive FS cells were morphologically indistinguishable from endocrine cells. In the collagen‐coated plate, many endocrine cells were round or oval in shape, but FS cells displayed a larger and flattened morphology. S100B‐immunoreactions were localized in the nuclei of bCK‐immunopositive FS cells. These results suggest that culturing the chicken adenohypophyseal cells in the collagen‐coated plate enables the distinction of FS cells from endocrine cells.
Effect of pseudopregnancy duration in nonpregnant sows on induced lactation
Authors: Kasazaki Takayuki , Tachino Hirokazu , Sakatsume Yoshihiro , Suzuki Takehito , Noguchi Michiko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the effects of different pseudopregnancy periods in nonpregnant sows on artificial lactation induction efficiency and milk composition. Sixteen pseudopregnant sows (n = 4 per group) were treated with 5 mg of estradiol dipropionate at 28 (Group D38), 35 (Group D45), 42 (Group D52), and 49 (Group D59) days after the end of estrus, followed by prostaglandin F2α as 0.175‐mg cloprostenol twice at 12 h intervals 10 days later. The overall success rate of lactation induction was 81.3%. The lactation rates were significantly higher in Groups D38, D45, and D59 (100.0%) than in Group D52 (25.0%). The milk immunoglobulin (Ig) G concentration was significantly higher in Group D38 than in Group D59. However, IgA levels and milk compositions (protein, ash, and lactose) did not differ among the groups. Lactation induction was successful between 38 and 59 days of pseudopregnancy. Apart from IgG, pseudopregnancy length did not affect milk components from 38 to 59 days of pseudopregnancy.
The process of becoming ‘we’ in an intergroup conflict context: How enhancing intergroup moral similarities leads to common‐ingroup identity
Authors: Čehajić‐Clancy Sabina , Janković Ana , Opačin Nerkez , Bilewicz Michal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch on common‐ingroup identity has mainly focused on consequences and potential benefits of inclusive social categorizations. However, very little is yet known about processes and conditions that could facilitate such inclusive social categorizations. In this paper, with four studies (N = 582) set in a post‐conflict context of Bosnia and Herzegovina and with members of two ethnic groups (Bosniaks and Serbs), we have demonstrated how perceptions of intergroup moral similarity can act as an important precursor of common‐ingroup identity at the national level. We report both cross‐sectional as well as experimental evidence demonstrating how perceptions of intergroup moral similarity boost common‐ingroup identifications in socially relevant context using members of real adversary social groups. Moreover, we show that learning about outgroups' morally admirable behaviours can facilitate inclusive social categorizations.
Digital technology design activities—A means for promoting the digital inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Safari Mugula Chris , Wass Sofie , Thygesen Elin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundInformation and communication technology has become an important aspect of everyday life, including community living and social participation. However, people with intellectual disabilities face several societal inequalities, including digital exclusion. Even if people with intellectual disabilities still do not have the same access as others, this group is increasingly involved in digital technology design activities. Although digital technology design activities can lead to several user gains, little is known about how such activities affect digital inclusion. Therefore, we explore whether and how participation in digital technology design activities can support the digital inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities.MethodsWe interviewed seven young adults with intellectual disabilities about their participation in ten digital technology design sessions. We also collected reflective notes from eight support workers who participated in the same design activities. The interviews were analysed thematically.FindingsThematic analysis generated four themes describing how participation in technology design activities can support the digital inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities: improving digital skills and knowledge, displaying skills and competence, increased interest in technology use, and influencing and adapting technology.ConclusionsParticipation in digital technology design activities with support workers can provide new opportunities for young adults with intellectual disabilities and can help overcome several digital activity barriers. Designers and researchers should increasingly, and actively involve people with intellectual disability in digital technology design activities as it can support and promote digital inclusion.
Cheating among elementary school children: A machine learning approach
Authors: Zhao Li , Zheng Yi , Zhao Junbang , Li Guoqiang , Compton Brian J. , Zhang Rui , Fang Fang , Heyman Gail D. , Lee Kang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcademic cheating is common, but little is known about its early emergence. It was examined among Chinese second to sixth graders (N = 2094; 53% boys, collected between 2018 and 2019) using a machine learning approach. Overall, 25.74% reported having cheated, which was predicted by the best machine learning algorithm (Random Forest) at a mean accuracy of 81.43%. Cheating was most strongly predicted by children's beliefs about the acceptability of cheating and the observed prevalence and frequency of peer cheating at school. These findings provide important insights about the early development of academic cheating, and how to promote academic integrity and limit cheating before it becomes entrenched. The present research demonstrates that machine learning can be effectively used to analyze developmental data.
Comparison of glucagon stimulation test and low dose ACTH test in assessing hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis in children
Authors: Yalovitsky Guy , Shaki David , Hershkovitz Eli , Friger Michael , Haim Alon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionChildren with a pituitary hormone deficiency are at risk for secondary adrenal insufficiency (AI). A stimulation test is usually performed for diagnosing AI, evaluating both the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal and growth hormone (GH)‐IGF‐1 axes. This single test is preferred by clinicians and is considerably more tolerable by patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the glucagon stimulation test (GST), which is commonly used to assess both axes. Its diagnostic capability for GH deficiency is high and well accepted, however its utility for determining secondary AI has not been well established.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 120 patients under 18 years of age with short stature who had undergone both a GST and low dose ACTH stimulation test (LDACTH test). Twenty‐six children who had more than 6 months elapsed between the two tests were excluded from the study. The study was conducted on patients of the Pediatric Endocrinology Department at Soroka University Hospital, a tertiary medical centre in Beer Sheva, Israel. Statistical analyses were carried out via IBM SPSS (v. 22), with a significance level determined at p < .05.ResultsDifferent cortisol cut‐off values were assessed for GST and it was determined that the highest combined sensitivity and specificity yielded a cut‐off point of 320 nmol/L (56% sensitivity and 83% specificity) while the currently accepted cut‐off value (500 nmol/L) yielded 100% sensitivity and 6% specificity.ConclusionThe results of this study show that GST is not an optimal tool for diagnosing secondary AI. Therefore, clinicians using this test should interpret its results with caution.
Early initiation of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir after transplantation of HCV‐viremic kidneys into HCV‐negative recipients is associated with normalization in the altered inflammatory milieu
Authors: Kim Myung‐Ho , Sise Meghan E. , Xu Min , Goldberg David S. , Fontana Robert J. , Kort Jens J. , Alloway Rita R. , Durand Christine M. , Brown Robert S. , Levitsky Josh , Gustafson Jenna L. , Reese Peter P. , Chung Raymond T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOur previous Multicenter Trial to Transplant HCV‐infected Kidneys (MYTHIC) observed that 100% of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐uninfected patients who received a kidney from an HCV‐infected deceased donor were cured of HCV with an 8‐week regimen of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir (G/P) initiated 2–5 days after transplantation. Following acute and chronic infection with HCV, immune system perturbations have been reported to persist even after viral clearance. The aim of this study was to determine whether HCV viremic kidney recipients in the MYTHIC study experience sustained changes in the soluble inflammatory milieu associated with HCV infection. Among nine patients with HCV viremia at day 3 post‐kidney transplant (post‐KT D3), IP‐10, IL‐10, MIP‐1β, and IL‐8 were significantly elevated from baseline. However, over the subsequent visits, there was a rapid, dramatic reduction back to baseline levels. Among seven patients who were not HCV viremic at post‐KT D3, the cytokine levels did not significantly change. HCV‐uninfected patients who received a kidney from an HCV‐viremic deceased donor and were treated with early G/P experienced only transient alterations in the soluble inflammatory milieu. These data provide reassuring evidence that there appear to be no persistent cytokine disturbances with transient HCV viremia accompanying HCV donor positive/recipient negative kidney transplant.
Novel ANKRD26 and PDGFRB gene mutations in pediatric case of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Fayiga Folasade F. , Reyes‐Hadsall Sophia C. , Moreno Brian A. , Oh Kei Shing , Brathwaite Carole , Duarte Ana M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCutaneous non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis (NLCH) is a rare and biologically benign entity that can be broadly classified into two categories: xanthogranuloma and non‐xanthogranuloma. The xanthogranuloma family is characterized by a proliferation of histiocytes with both macrophage and dendritic cell differentiation, negative BRAF mutation, and rare Touton‐type giant cells. Molecular studies have reported that mutations involved in the MAPK signaling pathways are implicated in the pathophysiology of histiocytoses. While LCH is associated with the somatic mutation of BRAF v600e, however, mutations and gene fusions in NLCH cases are undefined. We hereby present a 19‐month‐old female with recalcitrant nodular rashes diagnosed as NLCH with associated novel genetic mutation involving ANKRD26 and PDGFRB genes, as well as PDGFRB::CD74 fusion mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining showed strong and diffuse CD68 and CD163 positivity, and negative CD1a, CD207, ALK D5F3, S100 protein, and BRAF V600E (VE1). Albeit unknown significance, this case of an ANKRD26 and PDGFRB gene mutation in cutaneous NLCH has not been reported prior in the literature. Our case highlights the advantage of pathology and genetic studies in cutaneous NLCH to increase the understanding of this heterogeneous enigmatic disorder and identify further options in management.
Psychosocial factors predict medication adherence in young adults with youth‐onset type 2 diabetes: Longitudinal results from the TODAY2 iCount study
Authors: Trief Paula M. , Uschner Diane , Kalichman Seth , Anderson Barbara J. , Fette Lida M. , Wen Hui , Bulger Jane D. , Weinstock Ruth S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo identify psychosocial predictors of medication adherence in young adults with youth‐onset type 2 diabetes in the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY2) cohort.MethodsParticipants (mean age: 26 years) completed validated psychosocial measures. Unannounced telephone pill counts were completed at T1 (baseline) and T2 (follow‐up, approximately 1 year later) to assess adherence to oral hypoglycaemia agents (OHAs). Adherence to insulin was assessed by self‐report. Logistic and linear regressions identified factors that predicted ‘low adherence’ (<80% of pills/insulin) and per cent adherence, adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsOf 171 participants with OHA adherence scores at T1 and T2 (65% women, 43% Hispanic and 35% non‐Hispanic Black), 65.4% were low adherent. After adjustment (including T1 adherence), concerns about diabetes medicines (adverse effects, dependence) at T1 predicted higher odds of being low adherent (categorical) at T2 (p = 0.019). Housing insecurity (p = 0.045) and reporting ≥2 need insecurities (p = 0.027) at T1 predicted lower per cent adherence (continuous) at T2. Of 157 participants with insulin adherence scores at T1 and T2 (69% women, 38% Hispanic and 38% non‐Hispanic Black), 36.3% were low adherent. After adjustment (including T1 adherence), beliefs that medicines are overused predicted higher odds of insulin low adherence at T2 (p = 0.013), and beliefs that medicines are harmful (p = 0.004) and overused (p = 0.010) predicted lower per cent insulin adherence at T2.ConclusionsSuboptimal medication adherence, common in young adults with youth‐onset type 2 diabetes, is predicted by interfering beliefs about medicines and social factors. We must address these beliefs and unmet needs to develop tailored interventions for this vulnerable group.
Sustained heart rate‐corrected QT prolongation during recovery from hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes, independently of recovery to hyperglycaemia or euglycaemia
Authors: Andreasen Christine R. , Andersen Andreas , Hagelqvist Per G. , Maytham Kaisar , Lauritsen Julius V. , Engberg Susanne , Faber Jens , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Ulrik , Knop Filip K. , Vilsbøll Tina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate changes in cardiac repolarization abnormalities (heart rate‐corrected QT [QTc] [primary endpoint], T‐wave abnormalities) and heart‐rate variability measures in people with type 1 diabetes during insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia followed by recovery hyperglycaemia versus euglycaemia.MethodsIn a randomized crossover study, 24 individuals with type 1 diabetes underwent two experimental clamps with three steady‐state phases during electrocardiographic monitoring: (1) a 45‐minute euglycaemic phase (5‐8 mmol/L), (2) a 60‐minute insulin‐induced hypoglycaemic phase (2.5 mmol/L), and (3) 60‐minute recovery in either hyperglycaemia (20 mmol/L) or euglycaemia (5‐8 mmol/L).ResultsAll measured markers of arrhythmic risk indicated increased risk during hypoglycaemia. These findings were accompanied by a decrease in vagal tone during both hyperglycaemia and euglycaemia clamps. Compared with baseline, the QTc interval increased during hypoglycaemia, and 63% of the participants exhibited a peak QTc of more than 500 ms. The prolonged QTc interval was sustained during both recovery phases with no difference between recovery hyperglycaemia versus euglycaemia. During recovery, no change from baseline was observed in heart‐rate variability measures.ConclusionsIn people with type 1 diabetes, insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia prolongs cardiac repolarization, which is sustained during a 60‐minute recovery period independently of recovery to hyperglycaemia or euglycaemia. Thus, vulnerability to serious cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death may extend beyond a hypoglycaemic event, regardless of hyperglycaemic or euglycaemic recovery.