bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Referrals of Patients With Mental Health Problems From Primary Care to Mental Health Services in Spain
Authors: Anguiano Mª Carmen Castillejos , Gómez Elizabet González , Fernández Gema , Küstner Berta Moreno 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background. It is estimated that 25% of people may experience one or more mental disorders in their lifetime. In Western countries, individuals with mild mental disorders are treated in Primary Care (PC) while those with more severe mental disorders are treated in Mental Health Services (MHS). The objective of this study was to examine referrals from PC to MHS, with a focus on identifying factors that contribute to patients missing their appointments with MHS and identifying characteristics associated with patients who are discharged after their initial mental health consultation.
Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was carried out. The study analyzed all referrals to the Northern Community Mental Health Unit of Málaga from 1 July to 31 December 2018. Data were collected on factors that could impact patients' failure to attend their MHS appointment and being discharged after their first mental health consultation. The study used descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses.
Results. During the study period, a total of 1,521 referrals were made to MHS. Factors associated with a higher risk of not attending the MHS appointment included longer delays, younger age, female gender, and previous treatment at MHS. Patients who were more likely to be discharged after their first consultation were older, referred from PC, initially attended in PC center rather than mental health center, and did not have diagnoses of schizophrenia-related disorders, personality disorders, mood disorders, or deferred diagnosis.
Conclusions. It is important to develop strategies to reduce missed appointments, as this can have negative impacts on patient outcomes and increase the burden on mental health services. The examination of referrals and factors contributing to missed appointments highlights the need for a more integrated and coordinated approach to mental healthcare delivery. This may involve closer collaboration between primary care providers and mental health specialists, as well as increased investment in community-based MHS and resources.
Determination of a safe sedative combination of dexmedetomidine, ketamine and butorphanol for minor procedures in dogs by use of a stepwise optimization method
Authors: Pownall William Robert Robert , Imboden Tobias Jonas , Rubin Stéphanie Robert , Rohrbach Helene Robert , Spadavecchia Claudia , Schöllhorn Bernhardt 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:In veterinary practice, most minor procedures such as radiographs, skin biopsies and wound treatments require sedation. The combination of butorphanol, ketamine and dexmedetomidine is commonly used, but the ideal dosages for this combination have not been reported. This randomized prospective clinical trial initially tested 8 clinically relevant combinations in a blinded procedure in 50 dogs. The quality of each combination was rated using a purposefully developed negative score (NS; 0-21.5, the lower the NS the better the quality of sedation), to judge the quality of sedation, the occurrence of side effects, and need for additional anaesthetics. Then the combinations were divided into "promising" and "unsatisfactory" subgroups and their centroids Pc and Uc were determined before a new combination (N) was calculated using the formula N=Pc+α*(Pc-Uc). The combination N was tested in 6 dogs and then it replaced the worst of the previous 8 combinations. The same procedure was repeated after each new combination until the NS did not improve any further. As a last step, the best combination was tested in 100 adult dogs undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.Results:The optimal combination found was dexmedetomidine 0.005 mg/kg, ketamine 1 mg kg-1, and butorphanol 0.3 mg kg-1 with a median NS of 1.5 (interquartile range 1.5-2.4). In all 112 dogs receiving this combination, the quality of sedation was satisfactory and no severe side effects were detected.Conclusions:The application of this optimization method allowed the calculation of an optimal drug combination for sedation in healthy dogs. This combination revealed safe after being tested in 100 animals. This combination can now be used in daily clinical practice for healthy adult dogs undergoing minor procedures.
Evaluation of Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Glaucoma
Authors: Üçtepe Furkan , Sultan Pınar , Güngel Hülya , Emre Ufuk 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Glaucoma and multiple sclerosis (MS) can cause optic disc pathology and, in this way, affect optical coherence tomography (OCT) data. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the changes in the mean, quadrant, and sector data measured by OCT in glaucoma and MS patients.
Methods
The sample of this prospective cohort study consisted of 42 MS patients (84 eyes), 34 Primary open-angle glaucomas (POAG) patients (67 eyes), and 24 healthy control subjects (48 eyes). The MS group was divided into two groups according to the presence of a history of optic neuritis. Accordingly, those with a history of optic neuritis were included in the MS ON group, and those without a history of optic neuritis were included in the MS NON group. The differences between these groups in the mean, quadrant, and sector data related to the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) were evaluated.
Results
Superior nasal (SN), superior temporal (ST), inferior nasal (IN), and superior quadrant (SUP) values were significantly lower in the glaucoma group than in the MS group (p < 0.05). The mean superior GCC (GCC SUP) value was significantly lower in the MS ON group than in the glaucoma group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, SN, ST, inferior temporal (IT), IN, average RNFL (AVE RNFL), semi-average superior RNFL (SUP AVE RNFL), semi-average inferior RNFL (INF AVE RNFL), SUP, and inferior quadrant RNFL (INF) values were significantly lower in the glaucoma group than in the MS NON group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
RNFL and GCC parameters get thinner in MS and glaucoma patients. While the inferior and superior RNFL quadrants are more frequently affected in glaucoma patients, the affected quadrants vary according to the presence of a history of optic neuritis in MS patients. It is noteworthy that the GCC superior quadrant was thin in MS ON patients. The findings of this study indicate that OCT data may be valuable in the differential diagnosis of glaucoma and MS.
Evaluation of ctDNA in Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy and Analysis of Residual Disease in Local Advanced Gastric Cancer: Protocol of A Single-Arm Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Wei Jiangpeng , Guo Xin , Duan Weiming , Yang Xisheng , Yu Pengfei , Liu Jinqiang , Zhang Hushan , Huang Depei , Yan Zhengqing , Zhao Feilong , Li Xiaohua , Ji Gang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
In gastric cancer, there is a controversial finding regarding the high recurrence rate after neoadjuvant therapy. The use of ctDNA detection for minimal residual disease (MRD) with plasma genotyping has shown higher sensitivity and specificity compared to imaging and serum markers for predicting recurrence. Therefore, we aim to investigate the perioperative dynamic changes in ctDNA in surgical II-III GS patients and assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods
In detail, we will collect blood samples from each patient before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), after NAC, and one month after surgery. We will also collect tumor tissue before and after NAC. Gene mutations will be detected using a 733-gene NGS panel, and DNA concentrations will be measured. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, we will use RECIST Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1).
Discussion
This study aims to assess the correlation between perioperative changes in ctDNA levels and the response to chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. It will provide evidence that perioperative ctDNA detection may predict early recurrence, highlighting the potential clinical utility of ctDNA in guiding therapeutic decision-making. Compared to tumor tissue biopsy, ctDNA can non-invasively detect more comprehensive genomic information from a limited amount of plasma.
Trial registration:
Registered prospectively in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry with registration number ChiCTR2200060842 on June 12st, 2022.
‘Why do we have to be the gatekeepers?’ Australian general practitioner’s knowledge, attitudes and prescribing intentions on e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid
Authors: Selamoglu Melis , Erbas Bircan , Wilson Hester , Barton Chris 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:A significant policy change impacting the availability of nicotine for use in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in Australia took effect from October 1, 2021. This change meant that nicotine containing liquids for use with e-cigarettes would only be available by prescription from a medical practitioner as part of a smoking cessation plan. This study aimed to explore General Practitioner’s (GP’s) perceptions about the role of e-cigarettes, and understand factors informing their intentions to prescribe nicotine e-liquid as part of a smoking cessation plan.Methods:In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen GP’s. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit participants. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to classify, describe and report themes in the data. QSR NVivo was used to aid coding, thematic analysis and retrieval of quotes.Results:Australian GP’s had diverse views on recommending e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids to patients and prescription of nicotine e-liquid. Some GP’s were willing to prescribe nicotine e-liquid for e-cigarettes to patients if other methods of smoking cessation had not worked but there were concerns, and uncertainty, about the safety and efficacy of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. There was poor understanding of the current policy and legislation about e-cigarettes in Australia. Mostly the GP’s in this sample did not feel confident or comfortable to prescribe, or have discussions about e-cigarettes with patients.Conclusion:Australian GP’s have diverse attitudes on recommending e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and prescribing nicotine e-liquids. Clarity in guidelines and consumer product information are required to enable GP’s to provide consistent and accurate advice to patients that wish to use e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid.
Synergistic effects of cannabidiol and cytokine-induced killer cells via the modulation of TRPV2 channel and intracellular p-ERK 1/2 expression on non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Li Yutao , Sharma Amit , Hoffmann Michèle J. , Skowasch Dirk , Essler Markus , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G. H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A multitude of findings from the cell cultures and animal studies are available to support the anti-cancer properties of cannabinoids cannabidiol (CBD). Since CBD acts on multiple molecular targets, its clinical adaptation, especially in combination with cancer immunotherapy regimen remains a serious concern. Considering this, herein, we extensively studied the effect of CBD on the cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells immunotherapy approach using multiple non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells harboring diverse genotypes. Our analysis showed that, a) CB2 receptor surface and intracellular expression increased significantly in NSCLC cells following co-culture with CIK cells, b) CBD exerts a pronounced synergistic effect on CIK-mediated lysis, resulting in a substantial increase in IFN-γ production, c) CBD explicitly promotes the CD25+CD69+ population and CD62L−CD45RA+ terminal effector memory (EMRA) population in NKT-CIK cells, suggesting an activation and effector memory T-cell differentiation. Of interest, we observed that clinically relevant CBD concentrations enhanced the calcium influx (mediated by the TRPV2 channel) and p-ERK expression directly in CIK cells, while in cancer cells it induced DNA double-strand breaks via upregulation of histone H2AX phosphorylation. Notably, the migration and invasion ability of NSCLC cells suppressed by CBD (in the absence of CIK cells) was rescued using the TRPV2 antagonist (Tranilast). We further investigated the epigenetic effects of this synergy and found that combining CBD with CIK cells decreased the LINE-1 mRNA expression and the global DNA methylation level in NSCLC cells carrying KRAS mutation. Taken together, CBD holds a great potential for treating NSCLC with CIK cell immunotherapy and its complete success requires careful consideration of the patients' genetic background.
Role of endoscopic ultrasound in staging and vascular assessment of pancreatic cancer
Authors: El-Nady Mohammed Ali , Hassan Amro Metwaly , Haridy Mustafa Ahmed , Abdelwahid Saad Rizk , Mohammed Mohammed Fakhry , Mohamed Omran , Abdelrazzak Emad , Ead Khalid Abdelazeem 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen with contrast is the gold standard method for the evaluation of pancreatic cancer concerning staging and vascular assessment. however, not all patients can be evaluated by contrast-enhanced CT abdomen as those with an allergy to the contrast agent, pregnancy, and renal impairment, in addition to hazards of radiation and non-availability of tissue sampling in CECT abdomen .so this study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of Endoscopic Ultrasound for staging and vascular assessment of pancreatic cancer in comparison to CT abdomen with contrast.
Method: fifty patients with cancer pancreas were evaluated by CECT and EUS as regard staging and vascular invasion. The vascular assessment was done by dividing the EUS findings into three types by the relationship between tumors and major vessels, type 1, clear invasion, encasement of the vessel by a tumor or tumor that contacts a vessel wall more than 180o; type2, Abutment, a tumor that contacts a vessel wall but less than 180o and type 3, clear non-invasion, the existence of distance between a tumor and a vessel. We regarded type 1 and type 2 as signs of vascular invasion and type 3 as a sign of vascular non-invasion, these findings were compared with the findings of the CECT abdomen. The endoscopist was blind to the CT result before the EUS examination.
Result: as regards staging of pancreatic cancer EUS showed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100% for all. and as regard vascular invasion EUS showed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%,95.93%, and 96% respectively for venous invasion and 95.65%,100%, and 99.5% for arterial invasion.
Conclusion: EUS can evaluate staging and vascular invasion of pancreatic cancer with very high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to the extent it can replace CT in evaluation, with the superiority of EUS due to tissue sampling.
Ulcerative Aspergillus tracheobronchitis in a severe burn victim without immune deficiency: a case report
Authors: Tong Xingyi , Liu Jingjing , Xiao Xuefei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Ulcerative Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is a rare invasive pulmonary Aspergillus disease, which is commonly seen in patients with immunocompromised function, but rarely seen in those with immunocompetent.
Case presentation
We describe a rare case of ulcerative Aspergillus tracheobronchitis in a 29-year-old man with severe burn and with immunocompetent. The man was admitted to the intensive care unit for a severe burn. Bronchial ulcer was detected via the bedside bronchoscopy, Aspergillus hyphae and spores were revealed via endobronchial biopsy and the ulcer was improved after systemic and local anti-Aspergillus treatment. These findings confirmed a diagnosis of ulcerative Aspergillus tracheobronchitis.
Conclusion
Clinicians should be reminded that Aspergillus tracheobronchitis can occur in patients without immune deficiency, particularly in patients who inhale large amounts of Aspergillus and with injured airway.
Acute isolation is associated with increased reward responsiveness in human adolescents
Authors: Tomova Livia , Towner Emily , Thomas Kirsten , Blakemore Sarah-Jayne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Social connection is a basic human need and particularly important during adolescence. How a lack of connection impacts adolescent behaviour is unclear. To address this question, we employed experimental short-term isolation, first, to assess how isolation affects reward seeking and reward learning in adolescents aged 16-19 years and, second, whether virtual interactions remediate isolation effects. Isolation was associated with faster decisions to exert effort for rewards and higher reward learning, especially from social feedback. These effects were stronger in participants who reported higher levels of loneliness following isolation. Virtual interactions remediated effects only partially and were associated with lower learning from social feedback. We explored predictors of sensitivity to isolation and found that participants with lower neural reward sensitivity at baseline showed stronger effects of isolation. These results demonstrate that, in adolescents, isolation is associated with higher reward responsiveness, a key driver of motivation and decision-making.
Glow discharge nitriding of nanobainitic X37CrMoV5-1 steel
Authors: Skołek Emilia , Chmielarz Krzysztof , Marciniak Szymon , Wierzchoń Tadeusz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One of the methods of improving mechanical properties of steels is nanostructuring via austempering, which leads to formation of a nanobainitic microstructure - a fine carbide-free bainitic ferrite plates with retained austenite. Due to high density of grain and interphase boundaries, this microstructure provides high tensile strength. Moreover, high amount of retained austenite guarantees high ductility and fracture toughness. However, retained austenite may also decrease hardness and wear resistance. Thus, to improve the properties of the surface an additional process is necessary. There are several methods of surface engineering which allow to produce hard diffusive layer, however most them are usually carried out at a temperature, in which nanobainite decomposes and loses its high properties. The purpose of the present work was to produce hard and wear-resistant nitrided diffusion layers on nanobainitic X37CrMoV5-1 steel surface during glow discharge nitriding, while keeping microstructure in core of the sample almost intact. Two temperatures of a nitriding were chosen. Obtained results were compared to the layers produced at quenched and tempered substrate to determine the influence of the microstructure of the substrate on the kinetics of the layer’s growth. The microstucture of the layers were described and their properties such as microhardness and wear resistance were investigated.
Log-normalizing to read depth outperforms compositional data transformations in machine learning applications
Authors: Yerke Aaron , Brumit Daisy , Fodor Anthony 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Normalization, as a pre-processing step, can significantly affect the resolution of machine learning analysis for microbiome studies. There are countless options for normalization scheme selection. In this study, we examined compositionally aware algorithms including the additive log ratio (alr), the centered log ratio (clr), and a recent evolution of the isometric log ratio (ilr) in the form of balance trees made with the PhILR R package. We also looked at compositionally naïve transformations such as raw counts tables and a transformation that log-normalizes samples to the average read depth (which we call “lognorm”).
Results: In our evaluation, we used 62 metadata variables culled from four publicly available datasets at the Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) level with a random forest machine learning algorithm, which demonstrate that random forest was reliably among the most effective machine learning classification algorithms. We found that different common pre-processing steps in the creation of the balance trees made very little difference in overall performance. Overall, we found that the compositionally aware data transformations such as alr, clr, and ilr (PhILR) performed generally slightly worse or only as well as compositionally naïve transformations. However, the lognorm transformation outperformed all other transformations by a small but reliably statistically significant margin.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that minimizing the complexity of transformations while correcting for read depth may be a generally preferable strategy in preparing data for machine learning compared to more sophisticated, but more complex, transformations that attempt to better correct for compositionality.
The Interface between Abortion Practice and Community Response in Amhara Region, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2017: A cross-sectional Study
Authors: Birhanu Antehunegn 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The issue of abortion is as old as human existence. People have used it as a fertility control from the distant past to the present. It is a universal and global phenomenon that existing competing sociocultural discourses can influence. These discourses, in turn, have profoundly affected women's abortion experiences (reason, intentions, and decision-making process) and on the negative attitude of the community towards abortion, particularly in patriarchal societies.
Objective
To examine the interface between the lived experience of women and the community's attitudes towards abortion in Woldia Town, North Wollo Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia, in 2017.
Method
This study employed a mixed approach: quantitative (household survey) and qualitative (focus group discussions, in-depth interviews with key informants, and case studies) to collect relevant data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed thematically and presented together with the quantitative.
Result
Numerous contextual and structural level factors hampered the practice of safe abortion in general, the lived experience of women who had induced abortions and the larger community's attitude towards abortion in particular. The constraining nature of such factors was more visible in abortion practice than in their enabling influence on the lives of women who performed an induced abortion.
Conclusion
This study claims that structural factors (religion, morality, medico-legal discourses, and gender roles) influenced the smooth functioning of safe abortion, women's reproductive rights and lived experiences on the one hand, and the community's attitude towards abortion on the other. As a result, the abortion experience of women is the result of both agency and structural level factors. Similarly, the community's negative attitude towards abortion stigmatized women in practicing induced abortion. This study's findings proposed policy implications at the agency and structural levels in addressing the prevailing problems associated with societal stigma, health complications, and psychological distress of women practicing abortion.