bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pileup and Infrared Radiation Annihilation (PIRANHA): a paradigm for continuous jet grooming
Authors: Alipour-fard Samuel , Komiske Patrick T. , Metodiev Eric M. , Thaler Jesse 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Jet grooming is an important strategy for analyzing relativistic particle collisions in the presence of contaminating radiation. Most jet grooming techniques introduce hard cutoffs to remove soft radiation, leading to discontinuous behavior and associated experimental and theoretical challenges. In this paper, we introduce Pileup and Infrared Radiation Annihilation (Piranha), a paradigm for continuous jet grooming that overcomes the discontinuity and infrared sensitivity of hard-cutoff grooming procedures. We motivate Piranha from the perspective of optimal transport and the Energy Mover’s Distance and review Apollonius Subtraction and Iterated Voronoi Subtraction as examples of Piranha-style grooming. We then introduce a new tree-based implementation of Piranha, Recursive Subtraction, with reduced computational costs. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of Recursive Subtraction in mitigating sensitivity to soft distortions from hadronization and detector effects, and additive contamination from pileup and the underlying event.
RG flows in 2d QCD
Authors: Delmastro Diego , Gomis Jaume 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
2d QCD, Yang-Mills theory with gauge group G and massless quarks in representations (Rℓ, Rr) of G, flows in the infrared to a CFT or a TQFT depending on whether spectrum is gapless or gapped. We identify the infrared effective theory and construct the explicit RG flow map between the QCD operators in the UV and the IR, in particular identifying which operators create massive excitations and decouple in the IR, and those that create massless excitations or vacua and remain as nontrivial IR operators. We determine the exact scaling dimensions of the QCD operators that remain in the IR, which generically acquire large anomalous dimensions. We also study QCD deformed by various operators in the ultraviolet (such as mass terms or four-fermi interactions), and determine the theory that emerges at low energies. We conjecture and provide some evidence for QCD deformed by various operators developing a nonperturbative fermion condensate that dynamically breaks the gauge symmetry G, thus explicitly realizing an old idea known as “tumbling” in an exactly soluble setting.
Reflected entropy and Markov gap in Lifshitz theories
Authors: Berthiere Clément , Chen Bin , Chen Hongjie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study the reflected entropy in (1+1)-dimensional Lifshitz field theory whose groundstate is described by a quantum mechanical model. Starting from tripartite Lifshitz groundstates, both critical and gapped, we derive explicit formulas for the Rényi reflected entropies reduced to two adjacent or disjoint intervals, directly in the continuum. We show that the reflected entropy in Lifshitz theory does not satisfy monotonicity, in contrast to what is observed for free relativistic fields. We analytically compute the full reflected entanglement spectrum for two disjoint intervals, finding a discrete set of eigenvalues which is that of a thermal density matrix. Furthermore, we investigate the Markov gap, defined as the difference between reflected entropy and mutual information, and find it to be universal and nonvanishing, signaling irreducible tripartite entanglement in Lifshitz groundstates. We also obtain analytical results for the reflected entropies and the Markov gap in 2 + 1 dimensions. Finally, as a byproduct of our results on reflected entropy, we provide exact formulas for two other entanglement-related quantities, namely the computable cross-norm negativity and the operator entanglement entropy.
The Constant of Interpolation in Bloch Type Spaces
Authors: Miralles Alejandro , Maletzki Mario P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is known that there exists a constant $$0<\Delta _1 < 1$$

0
<

Δ
1

<
1

such that any $$\Delta _1$$

Δ
1

-separated sequence for the pseudohyperbolic distance in the open unit disk $$\textbf{D}$$
D
of $$\mathbb {C}$$
C
is interpolating for the classical Bloch space $$\mathcal {B}$$
B
. We will prove that $$0.8114< \Delta _1 < 0.9785$$

0.8114
<

Δ
1

<
0.9785

and we will also generalize this result for Bloch type spaces $$\mathcal {B}_{v_p}$$

B

v
p

for $$v_p(z)=(1-|z|^2)^p$$

v
p

(
z
)

=

(
1
-
|
z
|

2

)

p

. In particular, we will provide a construction to calculate an estimate of the lower and upper bounds for the corresponding constant of separation $$\Delta _p$$

Δ
p

for these spaces. We also prove that $$\Delta _p$$

Δ
p

tends to 1 when $$p \rightarrow \infty $$

p
→
∞

.
The journey of boswellic acids from synthesis to pharmacological activities
Authors: Ragab Ehab A. , Abd El-Wahab Mohammed F. , Doghish Ahmed S. , Salama Rania M. , Eissa Nermin , Darwish Samar F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere has been a lot of interest in using naturally occurring substances to treat a wide variety of chronic disorders in recent years. From the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and Boswellia carteri, the pentacyclic triterpene molecules known as boswellic acid (BA) are extracted. We aimed to provide a detailed overview of the origins, chemistry, synthetic derivatives, pharmacokinetic, and biological activity of numerous Boswellia species and their derivatives. The literature searched for reports of B. serrata and isolated BAs having anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and clastogenic activities. Our results revealed that the cytotoxic and anticancer effects of B. serrata refer to its triterpenoid component, including BAs. Three-O-acetyl-11-keto—BA was the most promising cytotoxic molecule among tested substances. Activation of caspases, upregulation of Bax expression, downregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), and stimulation of poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage are the primary mechanisms responsible for cytotoxic and antitumor effects. Evidence suggests that BAs have shown promise in combating a wide range of debilitating disease conditions, including cancer, hepatic, inflammatory, and neurological disorders.
Graphical abstract
Shape memory effect in cross-linked polyethylene matrix composites: the effect of the type of reinforcing fiber
Authors: Tatár Balázs , Mészáros László 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe recovery stress of shape-memory polymers is often low; therefore their field of application is limited. In this study, we compared the effects of different fiber reinforcements on the shape memory characteristics of cross-linked polyethylene (X-PE) matrix. We used fiber reinforcement to increase the recovery stress of the shape memory polymer and compared the results of different fiber reinforcements to find the ones that confer the best shape memory properties. We investigated glass, carbon, Kevlar®, and Dyneema® fibers to find the fibers that increase the recovery stress of the composites most. The deformed shape was created by three-point bending, and then heat-activated shape recovery was examined. All reinforcements increased the recovery stress and decreased the shape fixity ratio and the shape recovery ratio. The samples had similar characteristics, except for the low recovery stress Kevlar® fibers and the low recovery ratio of the composite reinforced with glass fibers. With the polyethylene Dyneema® fibers, the composite was self-reinforced and did very well by all metrics. They increased the maximum recovery stress from 0.3 to 2.4 MPa, through having excellent adhesion to the matrix and high strength in their own right. Our research proved that self-reinforced composites could measure up to conventional composites in shape memory applications. Aside from the Dyneema® fibers carbon fibers work best in the X-PE matrix, and should be the preferred conventional reinforcement materials.
Insights on the SWEET Gene Role in Soluble Sugar Accumulation via the CO2 Fixation Pathway in Forage Maize Under Salt Stress
Authors: Amombo Erick , Ashilenje Dennis S. , Hirich Abdelaziz , Kouisni Lamfeddal , Oukarroum Abdallah , Ghoulam Cherki , Meksem Khalid , El Gharous Mohamed , Nilahyane Abdelaziz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRising soil and water salinity endanger plant growth and crop productivity, putting global food security at risk. As plants are sessile, their adaptation to rapidly changing environments is slow, endangering their survival. As a result, mitigation efforts should shift to developing smart crops capable of withstanding dynamic and heterogeneously distributed salinity. Recent breakthroughs in bioinformatics and high throughput genomics can cost-effectively accelerate the introduction of superior varieties for saline regions. Sugar plays an essential role in biomass accumulation and is thus a viable target for forage crop improvement programs. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) gene family transcribes for source-sink carbon allocation in the form of sugar in higher plants. However, little is known about SWEET’s role in maize's phenotypes of agronomic interest for forage production. Here, through a genome-wide analysis, we identified and characterized 19 SWEET genes that are expressed across various shoot phenotypes. Eleven of the genes are salt-responsive, and ZmSWEET7 is most abundant in high-sugar-yielding varieties compared to low-sugar varieties. Homologous overexpression of the ZmSWEET7 increases the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (FV/FM), CO2 assimilation rate (A), soluble sugar content, and dry matter, with the quantum yield for CO2 fixation efficiency (phiCO2) showing the most significant increase. There is a strong positive association between phiCO2 and soluble sugar content, dry matter, and FV/FM in ZmSWEET7 overexpressing mutants compared to the wild. These findings indicate that ZmSWEET7-mediated CO2 fixation efficiency rather than assimilation rate plays a positive pleiotropic role in C accumulation in the form of sugar or dry matter via increased FV/FM. This work lays a strong foundation for salt-tolerant forage maize genetic improvement.
Turbulent flow and friction in a pipe with repeated rectangular ribs
Authors: Tummers M. J. , Schenker-van Rossum M. C. , Delfos R. , Twerda A. , Westerweel J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMeasurements were conducted in the fully developed turbulent flow in a pipe with internal diameter $$D$$
D
at a Reynolds number of $${\text{Re}}_{{\text{D}}} = 1.6 \times 10^{5}$$

Re
D

=
1.6
×

10
5

. The pipe walls were equipped with regularly spaced square ribs of relative height $$h/D = 0.154$$

h
/
D
=
0.154

, while the pitch-to-roughness height was varied between $$p/h = 1.67$$

p
/
h
=
1.67

and $$p/h = 6.67$$

p
/
h
=
6.67

. The measurements include mean velocity components, Reynolds shear and normal stresses and pressure losses. It is investigated whether the effects of the large roughness on the (time and axially averaged) velocity profile can be described by the classical rough-wall formulation by allowing the value of the von Kármán constant to deviate from its standard value of 0.41.
Transcriptional mutagenesis of α-synuclein caused by DNA oxidation in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis
Authors: Basu Sambuddha , Song Minkyung , Adams Levi , Jeong Inhye , Je Goun , Guhathakurta Subhrangshu , Jiang Jennifer , Boparai Nikpreet , Dai Wei , Cardozo-Pelaez Fernando , Tatulian Suren A. , Han Kyu Young , Elliott Jordan , Baum Jean , McLean Pamela J. , Dickson Dennis W. , Kim Yoon-Seong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOxidative stress plays an essential role in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxodG, oxidized guanine) is the most abundant oxidative stress-mediated DNA lesion. However, its contributing role in underlying PD pathogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that 8-oxodG can generate novel α-synuclein (α-SYN) mutants with altered pathologic aggregation through a phenomenon called transcriptional mutagenesis (TM). We observed a significantly higher accumulation of 8-oxodG in the midbrain genomic DNA from PD patients compared to age-matched controls, both globally and region specifically to α-SYN. In-silico analysis predicted that forty-three amino acid positions can contribute to TM-derived α-SYN mutation. Here, we report a significantly higher load of TM-derived α-SYN mutants from the midbrain of PD patients compared to controls using a sensitive PCR-based technique. We found a novel Serine42Tyrosine (S42Y) α-SYN as the most frequently detected TM mutant, which incidentally had the highest predicted aggregation score amongst all TM variants. Immunohistochemistry of midbrain sections from PD patients using a newly characterized antibody for S42Y identified S42Y-laden Lewy bodies (LB). We further demonstrated that the S42Y TM variant significantly accelerates WT α-SYN aggregation by cell and recombinant protein-based assays. Cryo-electron tomography revealed that S42Y exhibits considerable conformational heterogeneity compared to WT fibrils. Moreover, S42Y exhibited higher neurotoxicity compared to WT α-SYN as shown in mouse primary cortical cultures and AAV-mediated overexpression in the substantia nigra of C57BL/6 J mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the possible contribution of TM-generated mutations of α-SYN to LB formation and PD pathogenesis.
An isoelastic monoblock cup versus a modular metal-back cup: a matched-pair analysis of clinical and radiological results using Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyse software
Authors: Afghanyar Yama , Möller Jens Hendrik , Wunderlich Felix , Dargel Jens , Rehbein Philipp , Gercek Erol , Drees Philipp , Kutzner Karl Philipp 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Bone preservation and long-term survival are the main challenges in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). A good bone stock is especially important for adequate anchorage of the cup in revision cases. However, the optimal acetabular cup design for preserving good bone stock is still unclear. We aimed to compare clinical outcome, radiological alterations, migration, and wear at mid-term for two different cup types.

Materials and methods
This retrospective matched-pair study was performed using the data for 98 THA cases treated with a monoblock cup composed of vitamin E-blended highly cross-linked polyethylene (VEPE; monoblock group) or a modular cup composed of a highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) without an antioxidant (modular group). Clinical results were evaluated using the Harris Hip Score (HHS). The obtained radiographs were analyzed for radiological alterations, migration, and wear using Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyse (EBRA) software.

Results
The mean follow-up duration was 73.2 ± 19.2 months (range: 32–108 months) and 60.5 ± 12.2 months (range: 20–84 months) in the monoblock and modular groups, respectively. HHS improved to 95.7 points in the monoblock group and 97.6 points in the modular group, without significant differences (p = 0.425). EBRA measurements were obtained in all cases. Acetabular bone alterations were not detected on radiological assessments. Mean cup migration was 1.67 ± 0.92 mm (range: 0.46–3.94 mm) and 1.24 ± 0.87 mm (range: 0.22–3.62 mm) in the monoblock and modular groups. The mean wear rate was 0.21 ± 0.18 mm (range: 0.00–0.70 mm) and 0.20 ± 0.13 mm (range: 0.00–0.50 mm) in the monoblock and modular groups. Both migration and wear pattern showed no significant differences (p = 0.741 and 0.243). None of the cases required revision surgery, yielding an implant survival rate of 100% in both groups.

Conclusion
The isoelastic press-fit monoblock VEPE cup and modular metal-back HXLPE cup showed equivalent mid-term wear and cup migration. Long-term studies are required to determine the effects of modularity, isoelasticity, and polyethylene stabilization with vitamin E on cup loosening and survival rates.
Current landscape of hospital information systems in gynecology and obstetrics in Germany: a survey of the commission Digital Medicine of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics
Authors: Pfob André , Griewing Sebastian , Seitz Katharina , Hillen Christoph , Becker Sven , Bayer Christian , Wagner Uwe , Fasching Peter , Wallwiener Markus ,   For the Kommission Digitale Medizin, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Gebursthilfe (DGGG), Abele Harald , Alexa Matthias , Cieslik Jan Philipp , Dannehl Dominik , Deutsch Thomas , Fehm Tanja , Graupner Oliver , Hackelöer Max , Hartkopf Andreas , Hein Alexander , Henninsen Maike , Hirsch Martin , Hoffmann Sascha , Hübner Hanna , Hollatz-Galuschki Elsa , Jäger Bernadette , Janse Heike , Kainer Fran , Karsten Maria M. , Kiechle Marion , Lattrich Claus Richard , Schmutzler Andreas , Schulmeyer Elke , Steiner Eric , Volmer Lea Louise , Wallwiener Stephanie , Weichert Jan , Weiß Martin , Wöckel Armin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hospital information systems (HIS) play a critical role in modern healthcare by facilitating the management and delivery of patient care services. We aimed to evaluate the current landscape of HIS in the specialty of gynecology and obstetrics in Germany.

Methods
An anonymous questionnaire was distributed via the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics newsletter in December 2022. The questionnaire covered the domains baseline demographic information, satisfaction with daily use, satisfaction with implementation, and degree of digitization.

Results
Ninety-one participants completed the survey. Median age was 34 years; 67.4% (60 of 89) were female, and 32.6% (29 of 89) were male. Of the survey participants, 47.7% (42 of 88) were residents, 26.1% (23 of 91) senior physicians, and 9.1% (8 of 88) medical directors. The degree of digitization of clinical documentation is mainly mixed digital and paper-based (64.0%, 57 of 89) while 16.9% (15 of 89) operate mainly paper-based. The current HIS has been in use on average for 9 years. The median number of different software systems used in daily routine is 4. About 33.7% (30 of 89) would likely or very likely recommend their current HIS to a colleague.

Conclusions
The current landscape of HIS in gynecology and obstetrics in Germany is characterized by a high heterogeneity of systems with low interoperability and long service life; thus, many healthcare professionals are not satisfied. There is both a need to enhance and an interest in modernizing the technological infrastructure to meet today’s requirements for patient care.
Targeting metacognitive change mechanisms in acute inpatients with psychotic symptoms: feasibility and acceptability of a modularized group intervention
Authors: Gussmann Eva , Lindner Christoph , Lucae Susanne , Falkai Peter , Padberg Frank , Egli Samy , Kopf-Beck Johannes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests the usefulness of psychological interventions targeting metacognitive change mechanisms in patients experiencing psychosis. Although many of these patients are treated in acute psychiatric contexts, only few studies have adapted such interventions for acute inpatient settings. The present study aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary clinical outcomes of a novel modularized group intervention focusing on different aspects of metacognitive change mechanisms. In particular, the intervention aims to reduce patients’ acute symptoms by enhancing cognitive insight and to relieve distress via cognitive defusion (i.e. coping). A sample of 37 participants with acute psychosis received up to nine sessions of the intervention. Baseline and post-intervention assessments were conducted for general psychopathology, psychotic symptoms, global functioning, and symptom distress. Measures of change mechanisms were assessed before and after the respective treatment module. Participants’ experiences were explored in feedback questionnaires and interviews. Recruitment, retention, and attendance rate met the pre-set feasibility benchmark of 80%. The intervention was well received by participants, who emphasised the group’s clear structure, positive atmosphere, and helpful contents. Response rates were high and linear mixed models revealed significant medium-to-large time effects on all clinical outcomes. As expected, increase in hypothesised change mechanisms cognitive insight and decrease in cognitive fusion was found. However, the uncontrolled design limits interpreting clinical effects. The study provides evidence that an intervention based on a metacognitive model is feasible and acceptable for acute inpatients with psychosis. Positive results on clinical outcomes and change mechanisms warrant further exploration in a randomized controlled trial.
The origin of Na-alkaline lavas revisited: new constraints from experimental melting of amphibole-rich metasomes+lherzolite at uppermost mantle pressure
Authors: Grützner Tobias , Prelević Dejan , Berndt Jasper , Klemme Stephan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a new experimental dataset for reaction experiments between natural amphibole-clinopyroxene metasomes (hornblendite) and synthetic lherzolite that produced Na-rich alkaline melts. Experiments were conducted at 1, 3 and 4 GPa and 1000–1300 °C. The generated melts range from foidite over basanite to phonotephrite. At 1 GPa between 1000 and 1100 °C amphibole decompression-breakdown products generate a phonotephritic melt. Among the breakdown components rhönite was found to be stable up to 1100 °C and 1 GPa. At 3 and 4 GPa the melt compositions are affected by phlogopite melting and shift to more foiditic compositions. We find that the melting of hornblendites and the reaction of the melt with the lherzolite produce wehrlitic residues with different olivine/clinopyroxene ratios. Wehrlite formation does not always require separate metasomatic processes but can be a direct by-product of alkaline volcanism. We applied a metasome melting model to the magmas of the Kula volcanic province, Turkey, and show that at 1 GPa basanite melts and phonotephrite melts cover the whole range of known Kula lava compositions. The Kula lava compositional trend can be therefore generated by basanite-phonotephrite melt mixing. A comparison of high-pressure (3–4 GPa) melts with natural nephelinite data shows overlap with many major, minor, and trace elements but differences in SiO2, FeO, and TiO2 argue that the natural nephelinite data do not represent primary metasome melts.