bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics, mortality, associated variables with death, and therapeutic response among HIV-positive, solid organ transplant (SOT), and non-HIV-positive/non-transplant (NHNT) patients with cryptococcosis: First multicenter cohort study in Brazil
Authors: Bridi Cavassin Francelise , Vidal Jose Ernesto , Baú-Carneiro João Luiz , Silva de Miranda Godoy Cássia , de Bastos Ascenço Soares Renata , Magri Marcello Mihailenko Chaves , Falci Diego Rodrigues , Sakuma De Oliveira Carla , Verena Almeida Mendes Ana , Breda Giovanni Luís , Rego Caroline Martins , Araujo Félix Maíra , Pacheco Katopodis Paula , da Silva do Ó Julia Raquel , Pereira Lima Abrão Mirela , Taborda Mariane , Teles Teixeira Pereira Talita , Queiroz-Telles Flávio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCryptococcosis is traditionally associated with immunocompromised patients but is increasingly being identified in those without the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or other immunocompetent individuals. We aim to describe the characteristics, mortality, and associated variables with death among hospitalized patients with cryptococcosis in Brazil. This is the first multicenter retrospective cohort study conducted in seven public tertiary Brazilian hospitals. A total of 384 patients were included; the median age was 39 years and 283 (73.7%) were men. In all, 304 HIV-positive were hosts (79.2%), 16 (4.2%) solid organ transplant (SOT), and 64 (16.7%) non-HIV-positive/non-transplant (NHNT). Central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis had a significantly higher number across disease categories, with 313 cases (81.5%). A total of 271 (70.6%) patients were discharged and 113 (29.4%) died during hospitalization. In-hospital mortality among HIV-positive, SOT, and NHNT was 30.3% (92/304), 12.5% (2/16), and 29.7% (19/64), respectively. Induction therapy with conventional amphotericin B (AMB) mainly in combination with fluconazole (234; 84.2%) was the most used. Only 80 (22.3%) patients received an AMB lipid formulation: liposomal (n = 35) and lipid complex (n = 45). Most patients who died belong to the CNS cryptococcosis category (83/113; 73.4%) when compared with the others (P = .017). Multivariate analysis showed that age and disseminated cryptococcosis had a higher risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.05; P = .008 and OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.01–3.53; P = .048, respectively). Understanding the epidemiology of cryptococcosis in our settings will help to recognize the burden and causes of mortality and identify strategies to improve this scenario.
Relaxed blue ellipticals: accretion-driven stellar growth is a key evolutionary channel for low mass elliptical galaxies
Authors: Lazar I , Kaviraj S , Martin G , Laigle C , Watkins A , Jackson R A 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
How elliptical galaxies form is a key question in observational cosmology. While the formation of massive ellipticals is strongly linked to mergers, the low mass (M⋆/M⊙ &lt; 109.5) regime remains less well explored. In particular, studying elliptical populations when they are blue, and therefore rapidly building stellar mass, offers strong constraints on their formation. Here, we study 108 blue low-mass ellipticals (which have a median stellar mass of 108.7 M⊙) at z &lt; 0.3 in the COSMOS field. Visual inspection of extremely deep optical HSC images indicates that less than 3 per cent of these systems have visible tidal features, a factor of 2 less than the incidence of tidal features in a control sample of galaxies with the same distribution of stellar mass and redshift. This suggests that the star formation activity in these objects is not driven by mergers or interactions but by secular gas accretion. We combine accurate physical parameters from the COSMOS2020 catalogue, with measurements of local density and the locations of galaxies in the cosmic web, to show that our blue ellipticals reside in low-density environments, further away from nodes and large-scale filaments than other galaxies. At similar stellar masses and environments, blue ellipticals outnumber their normal (red) counterparts by a factor of 2. Thus, these systems are likely progenitors of not only normal ellipticals at similar stellar mass but, given their high star formation rates, also of ellipticals at higher stellar masses. Secular gas accretion therefore likely plays a significant (and possibly dominant) role in the stellar assembly of elliptical galaxies in the low-mass regime.
Oxygen depletion in giant planets with different formation histories
Authors: Fonte S , Turrini D , Pacetti E , Schisano E , Molinari S , Polychroni D , Politi R , Changeat Q 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The atmospheric C/O ratio of exoplanets is widely used to constrain their formation. To guarantee that the C/O ratio provides robust information, we need to accurately quantify the amount of C and O in exoplanetary atmospheres. In the case of O, water and carbon monoxide are generally studied as the two key carriers. However, oxygen is a very reactive element and does not bind only with carbon; depending on the temperature, it also binds to refractory elements. Estimating the amount of oxygen bound to refractory elements is therefore critical for unbiased estimates of the C/O ratio. In this work, we investigate the oxygen deficit due to refractory elements and its effects on the atmospheric C/O ratio of giant exoplanets as a function of their metallicity and equilibrium temperature. We model the composition of planetary atmospheres assuming chemical equilibrium and using as input physically justified elemental mixtures arising from detailed planet formation simulations. Our results show how the interplay between the atmospheric temperature and non-solar abundances of oxygen and refractory elements can sequester large fractions of oxygen, introducing significant biases in evaluating the C/O ratio when this effect is not accounted for. We apply our results to the case of Jupiter in the Solar system and show how the currently estimated water abundance points to a true oxygen abundance that is four times the solar one.
Stochastic processes for pulsar timing noise: fluctuations in the internal and external torques
Authors: Antonelli Marco , Basu Avishek , Haskell Brynmor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractYoung pulsars deviate from a perfectly regular spin-down by two non-deterministic phenomena: impulsive glitches and timing noise. Both phenomena are interesting per se and may provide insights into the superfluid properties of neutron stars, but they also act as a barrier to high-precision pulsar timing and gravitational wave experiments. We study a minimal stochastic model to describe the spin-down of a multicomponent neutron star, with fluctuations in both the internal and external torques. The power spectral density and timing noise strength of this kind of model can be obtained analytically and compared with known results from pulsar timing observational campaigns. In particular, the presence of flat regions of the power spectral density can be interpreted as a signature of the presence of internal superfluid components. We also derive the expected scaling of the timing noise strength with the pulsar’s rotational parameters (or characteristic age). Therefore, the present framework offers a theoretical guideline to interpret the observed features of timing noise in both single pulsars and across the pulsar population.
The vertical structure of the spiral galaxy NGC 3501: first stages of the formation of a thin metal-rich disc
Authors: Sattler Natascha , Pinna Francesca , Neumayer Nadine , Falcón-Barroso Jesus , Martig Marie , Gadotti Dimitri A , van de Ven Glenn , Minchev Ivan 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We trace the evolution of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 3501, making use of its stellar populations extracted from deep integral-field spectroscopy MUSE observations. We present stellar kinematic and population maps, as well as the star formation history, of the south-western half of the galaxy. The derived maps of the stellar line-of-sight velocity and velocity dispersion are quite regular, show disc-like rotation, and no other structural component of the galaxy. However, maps of the stellar populations exhibit structures in the mass-weighted and light-weighted age, total metallicity, and [Mg/Fe] abundance. These maps indicate that NGC 3501 is a young galaxy, consisting mostly of stars with ages between 2 and 8 Gyr. Also, they show a thicker more extended structure that is metal-poor and α-rich, and another inner metal-rich and α-poor one with smaller radial extension. While previous studies revealed that NGC 3501 shows only one morphological disc component in its vertical structure, we divided the galaxy into two regions: an inner metal-rich mid-plane and a metal-poor thicker envelope. Comparing the star formation history of the inner thinner metal-rich disc and the thicker metal-poor disc, we see that the metal-rich component evolved more steadily, while the metal-poor one experienced several bursts of star formation. We propose this spiral galaxy is being observed in an early evolutionary phase, with a thicker disc already in place and an inner thin disc in an early formation stage. So we are probably witnessing the birth of a future massive thin disc, continuously growing embedded in a preexisting thicker disc.
Dust survival rates in clumps passing through the Cas A reverse shock – II. The impact of magnetic fields
Authors: Kirchschlager Florian , Schmidt Franziska D , Barlow M J , De Looze Ilse , Sartorio Nina S 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTDust grains form in the clumpy ejecta of core-collapse supernovae where they are subject to the reverse shock, which is able to disrupt the clumps and destroy the grains. Important dust destruction processes include thermal and kinetic sputtering as well as fragmentation and grain vaporization. In the present study, we focus on the effect of magnetic fields on the destruction processes. We have performed magnetohydrodynamical simulations using AstroBEAR to model a shock wave interacting with an ejecta clump. The dust transport and destruction fractions are computed using our post-processing code Paperboats, in which the acceleration of grains due to the magnetic field and a procedure that allows partial grain vaporization have been newly implemented. For the oxygen-rich supernova remnant Cassiopeia A, we found a significantly lower dust survival rate when magnetic fields are aligned perpendicular to the shock direction compared to the non-magnetic case. For a parallel field alignment, the destruction is also enhanced but at a lower level. The survival fractions depend sensitively on the gas density contrast between the clump and the ambient medium and on the grain sizes. For a low-density contrast of 100, e.g. 5 nm silicate grains are completely destroyed while the survival fraction of $1\,\mu{\rm m}$ grains is 86 per cent. For a high-density contrast of 1000, 95 per cent of the 5 nm grains survive while the survival fraction of $1\,\mu{\rm m}$ grains is 26 per cent. Alternative clump sizes or dust materials (carbon) have non-negligible effects on the survival rate but have a lower impact compared to density contrast, magnetic field strength, and grain size.
Formation of asymmetric arms in barred galaxies
Authors: Sánchez-Martín P , García-Gómez C , Masdemont J J , Romero-Gómez M 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We establish a dynamical mechanism to explain the origin of the asymmetry between the arms observed in some barred disc galaxies, where one of the two arms emanating from the bar ends is very well defined, while the second one displays a ragged structure, extending between its ridge and the bar. To this purpose, we study the invariant manifolds associated with the Lyapunov periodic orbits around the unstable equilibrium points at the ends of the bar. Matter from the galaxy centre is transported along these manifolds to the periphery, forming this way the spiral arms that emanate from the bar ends. If the mass distribution in the galaxy centre is not homogeneous, because of an asymmetric bar with one side stronger than the other, or because of a non-centred bulge, the dynamics about the two unstable Lagrange points at the ends of the bar will not be symmetric as well. One of their invariant manifolds becomes more extended than the other, enclosing a smaller section and the escaping orbits on it are fewer and dispersed in a wider region. The result is a weaker arm and more ragged than the one at the other end of the bar.
Disc-halo gas outflows driven by stellar clusters as seen in multiwavelength tracers
Authors: Vasiliev Evgenii O , Drozdov Sergey A , Nath Biman B , Dettmar Ralf-Jürgen , Shchekinov Yuri A 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We consider the dynamics of and emission from growing superbubbles in a stratified interstellar gaseous disc driven by energy release from supernovae explosions in stellar clusters with masses Mcl = 105 − 1.6 × 106 M⊙. Supernovae are spread randomly within a sphere of rc = 60 pc, and inject energy episodically with a specific rate $1/130~\mathrm{M}_\odot ^{-1}$ proportional to the star formation rate (SFR) in the cluster. Models are run for several values of SFR in the range 0.01 to 0.1 M⊙ yr−1, with the corresponding average surface energy input rate ∼0.04–0.4 erg cm−2 s−1. We find that the discrete energy injection by isolated SNe are more efficient in blowing superbubbles: Asymptotically they reach heights of up to 3 to 16 kpc for Mcl = 105 − 1.6 × 105 M⊙, correspondingly, and stay filled with a hot and dilute plasma for at least 30 Myr. During this time, they emit X-ray, Hα and dust infrared emission. X-ray luminosities LX∝SFR3/5 that we derive here are consistent with observations in star-forming galaxies. Even though dust particles of small sizes a ≤ 0.03 μm are sputtered in the interior of bubbles, larger grains still contribute considerably ensuring the bubble luminosity $L_{\rm IR}/{\rm SFR}\sim 5\times 10^7 \, \mathrm{L}_\odot \, \mathrm{M}_\odot ^{-1} ~{\rm yr}$. It is shown that the origin of the North Polar Spur in the Milky Way can be connected with activity of a cluster with the stellar mass of ∼105 M⊙ and the SFR ∼ 0.1 M⊙ yr−1 some 25–30 Myr ago. Extended luminous haloes observed in edge-on galaxies (NGC 891 as an example) can be maintained by disc spread stellar clusters of smaller masses M* ≲ 105 M⊙.
Effects of turbulent diffusion and back-reaction on the dust distribution around two resonant planets
Authors: Marzari Francesco , D’Angelo Gennaro 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
In evolved and dusty circumstellar discs, two planets with masses comparable to Jupiter and Saturn that migrate outwards while maintaining an orbital resonance can produce distinctive features in the dust distribution. Dust accumulates at the outer edge of the common gas gap, which behaves as a dust trap, where the local dust concentration is significantly enhanced by the planets’ outward motion. Concurrently, an expanding cavity forms in the dust distribution inside the planets’ orbits, because dust does not filter through the common gaseous gap and grain depletion in the region continues via inward drifting. There is no cavity in the gas distribution because gas can filter through the gap, although ongoing gas accretion on the planets can reduce the gas density in the inner disc. Such behaviour was demonstrated by means of simulations neglecting the effects of dust diffusion due to turbulence and of dust backreaction on the gas. Both effects may alter the formation of the dust peak at the gap outer edge and of the inner dust cavity, by letting grains filter through the dust trap. We performed high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of the coupled evolution of gas and dust species, the latter treated as pressureless fluids, in the presence of two giant planets. We show that diffusion and backreaction can change some morphological aspects of the dust distribution but do not alter some main features, such as the outer peak and the expanding inner cavity. These findings are confirmed for different parametrizations of gas viscosity.
Introduction
Authors: De Castro Juan E. , López-Calvo Ignacio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Introduction to The Oxford Handbook to the Latin American Novel presents a historical and critical frame to the essays included in the volume. It begins with a brief overview of anglophone responses to the region’s narrative: from the indifference of influential critics like Edmund Wilson and Lionel Trilling during the first half of the twentieth century; to the enthusiasm of the 1960s, under the spell of the Cuban Revolution and the novels of the so-called Boom, such as One Hundred Years of Solitude; to the cooling off of this interest after the 1970s with the Post-Boom. The Introduction also looks at the history of the region’s novel, highlighting its relationship with the earlier Peninsular narrative of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, as well as with the historical texts written by Spaniard, Criollos, and Mestizos. It finally looks at the divisions and traditions that are included in the Latin American novel, such as that between Lusophone Brazil and the rest of the region, as well as that of the novel written by women and the traditions established by indigenous, Afro-Latin American, Asian-Latin American, Arab-Latin American. LGBTQ+ authors, among other groups.
The Latin American Novel in the 1960s and Early 1970s
Authors: De Castro Juan E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the Latin American novel written in Spanish during the 1960s and 1970s, a period often known as the Boom. In particular, it studies the relationship between the main Boom authors—Julio Cortázar, Carlos Fuentes, Gabriel García Márquez, and Mario Vargas—and their contemporaries with the region’s modernist narrative, which began in the 1920s. It also looks at the connections between this literary Boom, acclaimed worldwide, with the economic, commercial, and political realities that made it possible. It also considers some of the authors that were excluded from the Boom, such as José María Arguedas. Elena Garro, or Rosario Castellanos, and the reasons underlying these exclusions. Finally, it looks at some of the narrative trends that arose during the 1970s and that signaled the passing of the high-modernist Boom aesthetic.
An Interventional Response Phenotyping Study in Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Mechanistic Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hassett Afton L , Williams David A , Harris Richard E , Harte Steven E , Kaplan Chelsea M , Schrepf Andrew , Kratz Anna L , Brummett Chad M , Kidwell Kelley M , Tsodikov Alexander , Shaikh Sana , Murphy Susan L , Lobo Remy , King Anthony , Favorite Todd , Fisher Laura , Golmirzaie Goodarz M , Kohns David J , Schneiderhan Jill R , Mawla Ishtiaq , Ichesco Eric , McAfee Jenna , Wasserman Ronald A , Banner Elizabeth , Scott Kathy A , Cole Courtney , Clauw Daniel J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvidence-based treatments for chronic low back pain (cLBP) typically work well in only a fraction of patients, and at present there is little guidance regarding what treatment should be used in which patients. Our central hypothesis is that an interventional response phenotyping study can identify individuals with different underlying mechanisms for their pain who thus respond differentially to evidence-based treatments for cLBP. Thus, we will conduct a randomized controlled Sequential, Multiple Assessment, Randomized Trial (SMART) design study in cLBP with the following three aims. Aim 1: Perform an interventional response phenotyping study in a cohort of cLBP patients (n = 400), who will receive a sequence of interventions known to be effective in cLBP. For 4 weeks, all cLBP participants will receive a web-based pain self-management program as part of a run-in period, then individuals who report no or minimal improvement will be randomized to: a) mindfulness-based stress reduction, b) physical therapy and exercise, c) acupressure self-management, and d) duloxetine. After 8 weeks, individuals who remain symptomatic will be re-randomized to a different treatment for an additional 8 weeks. Using those data, we will identify the subsets of participants that respond to each treatment. In Aim 2, we will show that currently available, clinically derived measures, can predict differential responsiveness to the treatments. In Aim 3, a subset of participants will receive deeper phenotyping (n = 160), to identify new experimental measures that predict differential responsiveness to the treatments, as well as to infer mechanisms of action. Deep phenotyping will include functional neuroimaging, quantitative sensory testing, measures of inflammation, and measures of autonomic tone.
The Fokker–Planck formalism for closed bosonic strings
Authors: Ishibashi Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvery Riemann surface with genus g and n punctures admits a hyperbolic metric, if 2g − 2 + n &gt; 0. Such a surface can be decomposed into pairs of pants whose boundaries are geodesics. We construct a string field theory for closed bosonic strings based on this pants decomposition. In order to do so, we derive a recursion relation satisfied by the off-shell amplitudes, using Mirzakhani’s scheme for computing integrals over the moduli space of bordered Riemann surfaces. The recursion relation can be turned into a string field theory via the Fokker–Planck formalism. The Fokker–Planck Hamiltonian consists of kinetic terms and three-string vertices. Unfortunately, the worldsheet BRST symmetry is not manifest in the theory thus constructed. We will show that the invariance can be made manifest by introducing auxiliary fields.
Consequences of coronavirus disease in women with breast cancer
Authors: Cvetkovic Jovana Lj 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic produces widespread concerns, fear and stress throughout the world, and our country is no exception in that regard, which is a natural and normal human reaction to this inconsistent and uncertain situation for us all.

Methods
For the purpose of this study a sociodemographic questionnaire was devised as well as a Serbian version of the self-reported Depression, anxiety and stress scale-21.

Results
The average age ± [standard deviation (SD)] of the participants in the study was 49.20 ± 11.2 years. Regarding the depression score, 55/93 examinees (59.13%) had a normal score in the first examination, whereas in the second it rose to 57/93 (61.29%) and in the third it was 52/93 (58.06%). A normal anxiety score in March 2020 was seen in 52/93 (55.91%), whereas in September that year it was 53/93 (56.98%) and in March 2021 it was 39/93 (41.93%). The average value of stress score at the measurement in March 2020 was 5.51, lower in September (4.92) and in March 2021 it was 5.63.

Conclusion
The results of this study refer to the process of clinical assessment and monitoring of breast cancer patients with evident symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Adequate counseling about COVID-19 is therefore a priority in an attempt to alleviate its psychological impact in these patients.
Trust, Transparency, and Complexity
Authors: Thakor Richard T , Merton Robert C 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper develops a theory that generates an equilibrium relationship between product complexity, transparency, and trust in firms. Complexity, transparency, and the evolution of trust are all endogenous, and equilibrium transparency is nonmonotonic. The least-trusted firms choose the lowest product complexity, remain opaque, and substitute ex ante third-party verification for information disclosure and trust. Firms with an intermediate level of trust choose an intermediate level of complexity and transparency through disclosure, with more trusted firms choosing greater complexity and lower transparency. The most-trusted firms choose maximum complexity while remaining opaque, eschewing both verification and disclosure.