bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of low socioeconomic status and primary health care access on emergency department presentations in young children in regional Queensland
Authors: McCosker Catherine , Beccaria Gavin , Beccaria Lisa , Machin Tanya 
Published: June 2023

AimThe purpose of this study was to empirically evaluate if children from low socio‐economic status (SES) families in regional southeast Queensland utilise acute care services for low acuity health care rather than utilising primary health services.MethodsA retrospective audit of children under the age of 5 years presented at a regional hospital emergency department (ED) over a 12‐month period. Medical records were examined for presenting problem, Australasian triage category, care outcomes, whether the child's parent/guardian held an Australian concession/health care card (AC/HCC) and accessed child health services or a general medical practitioner (GP).ResultsEight hundred and eighty‐eight children who had not reached their fifth birthday presented to ED between 1 June 2019 and 31 May 2020, with a total of 1691 presentations. Most children were bought to the ED by their parents with semi‐urgent health concerns and were discharged home following medical review. Holding an AC/HCC was a significant predictor for hospital presentation. Holding an AC/HCC was not associated with access to child health services. However, accessing child health services resulted in a small but significant increase in hospital presentations.ConclusionsThe AC/HCC may be an important proxy to identify low SES individuals. These card holders tended to use acute services more frequently than those who did not qualify for an AC/HCC. Furthermore, families that engage with primary care services such as child health also accessed acute care services more frequently. The results indicate accessing primary health‐care services does not ameliorate the use of acute care services.
The periodontal ligament, temperature‐sensitive ion channels TRPV1–4, and the mechanosensitive ion channels Piezo1 and 2: A Nobel connection
Authors: Lukacs Linda , Rennekampff Isabelle , Tenenhaus Mayer , Rennekampff Hans‐Oliver 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTeeth are subject to a variety of mechanical forces and vectors. The periodontal ligament (PDL), fibrous tissue that connects the cementum of the tooth to the bony socket, plays a decisive role in transmitting force to alveolar bone via Sharpey fibers, transforming and converting these forces into biological signals. This interaction effects significant osteoblastic and osteoclastic responses via autocrine proliferative and paracrine responses. Recent discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch by the Nobel laureates David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, respectively have a profound impact on orthodontics. Transient receptor vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1), initially described as a receptor for temperature, has been proposed to participate in the sensing of force. TRPV4, another ion channel receptor, perceives tensile forces as well as thermal and chemical stimuli. Piezo1 and 2, the classic receptors for touch, in addition to the aforementioned receptors, have similarly been described on PDL‐derived cells. In this text, we review the role of the temperature‐sensitive ion channels and mechanosensitive ion channels on their biological function and influence in orthodontic treatment.
Identification of a Prunus MAX1 homolog as a unique strigol synthase
Authors: Wu Sheng , Zhou Anqi , Hiugano Kozue , Yoda Akiyoshi , Xie Xiaonan , Yamane Kenji , Miura Kenji , Nomura Takahito , Li Yanran 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Strigol is the first identified and one of the most important strigolactones (SLs), but the biosynthetic pathway remains elusive. We functionally identified a strigol synthase (cytochrome P450 711A enzyme) in the Prunus genus through rapid gene screening in a set of SL‐producing microbial consortia, and confirmed its unique catalytic activity (catalyzing multistep oxidation) through substrate feeding experiments and mutant analysis.

We also reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of strigol in Nicotiana benthamiana and reported the total biosynthesis of strigol in the Escherichia coli‐yeast consortium, from the simple sugar xylose, which paves the way for large‐scale production of strigol.

As proof of concept, strigol and orobanchol were detected in Prunus persica root extrudes. This demonstrated a successful prediction of metabolites produced in plants through gene function identification, highlighting the importance of deciphering the sequence–function correlation of plant biosynthetic enzymes to more accurately predicate plant metabolites without metabolic analysis.

This finding revealed the evolutionary and functional diversity of CYP711A (MAX1) in SL biosynthesis, which can synthesize different stereo‐configurations of SLs (strigol‐ or orobanchol‐type). This work again emphasizes the importance of microbial bioproduction platform as an efficient and handy tool to functionally identify plant metabolism.
Strategies for managing group caregiving following hip‐fracture surgery among family members: A grounded theory study
Authors: Teng Hui‐Chin , Shyu Yea‐Ing L. , Liang Jieying , Teppo Kröger 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFamily members in many countries often share caregiving responsibilities for an older relative recovering from an injury. However, few studies have examined strategies employed when multiple family members provide care for an older relative recovering from hip‐fracture surgery.ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand family group caregiving strategies when two or more family members provide caregiving for an older relative recovering from hip‐fracture surgery.MethodsThis study used a grounded theory design. Semistructured interviews were conducted over 1 year with 13 Taiwanese family caregivers from five families. Caregivers shared caregiving responsibilities for an older relative (62–92 years of age) recovering from hip‐fracture surgery. Transcribed interviews were analysed using open, axial and selective coding.ResultsThe core category describing caregiving among family members was ‘Preventive Group Management: strategies for family group caregiving’. Three strategies were employed: explicit division of labour (two stem/patriarchal families and one older two‐generation/democratic family); disconnected caregiving (one nuclear/noncommunicative family) and patriarchal caregiving (one extended/traditional Chinese family). Strategies reflected family type, structure, cultural values, communication patterns and available outside support. Components of family group caregiving involved family type's division of labour, approaches to caregiving and implementation challenges and allowed family caregivers to maximise safety and stability and prevent harmful events during their relative's recovery from surgery.ConclusionsThere was no one‐size‐fits‐all approach for the strategies of family group caregiving. Components of Preventive Group Management varied with family type, cultural values, communication patterns and available outside support. Healthcare professionals should be sensitive to the dynamics of family caregivers.Implications for PracticeEnhance group management for family caregivers by developing interventions to optimize collaboration, thereby better addressing the needs of older adults recovering from hip fracture surgery.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Maraging Steel: A Review
Authors: Kizhakkinan Umesh , Seetharaman Sankaranarayanan , Raghavan Nagarajan , Rosen David W. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (PBF/L) is a popular metal additive manufacturing (AM) process used to manufacture complex metallic 3D components. Maraging steel is one of the metals used in AM and it belongs to the class of ultra-high-strength steels used in aerospace and tooling industries. In the PBF/L process, a laser beam is used to melt and fuse the metal powder particles. This creates a high thermal gradient and rapid cooling of the melt pool results in columnar grains. The microstructure of AM part is entirely different from the conventionally manufactured case and this necessitates post-AM heat treatments. The current paper reviews the effects of printing parameters and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of PBF/L produced maraging steel 300 alloy. Tensile, impact, fracture, and fatigue properties of as-built and heat-treated PBF/L parts are discussed in detail.
Postactivation Potentiation and the Asynchronous Action of Muscular and Neural Responses
Authors: Xenofondos Anthi , Papavasileiou Anastasia , Bassa Eleni , Vrabas Ioannis S. , Patikas Dimitrios A. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: This study examined the underlying mechanisms of postactivation potentiation and the time course of muscular- and neural-related variables. Methods: Fourteen trained males executed 4 sets of six 6-second maximum isometric conditioning plantar flexions, with 15 seconds and 2 minutes of interval between the contractions and sets, respectively. Peak twitch torque (TT), rate of torque development, time to peak torque, half relaxation time, and the neural-related variables of H-reflex and electromyogram, normalized to the maximum M-wave (H/M and RMS/M, respectively), were evaluated, as well as the level of the voluntary activation, assessed by the twitch interpolation technique. All neural-related variables were analyzed for the trial within each set when TT was maximal and for the trial within each set when the neural-related variable itself was maximal. Results: Compared with the baseline measures, TT and rate of torque development significantly increased in all sets (P < .001), whereas time to peak torque and half relaxation time significantly decreased in sets 1 to 4 and 2 to 4, respectively (P < .001). However, H/M and the RMS/M did not change for the repetition of each set for which the TT was maximal (P > .05). Interestingly, the within-set maximum H/M ratio of the lateral gastrocnemius muscle revealed a significant increase in all sets (P < .05), compared with the baseline measures. Conclusion: One set of 4 contractions with 6-second duration is sufficient to cause postactivation potentiation for most participants, whereas peak TT augmentation does not coincide with changes in the examined neural-related variables. Further experiments should consider the time lag on their maximal values and their inherent between-participants variability.
Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection results in long-lasting microbiota instability
Authors: Upadhyay Vaibhav , Suryawanshi Rahul K. , Tasoff Preston , McCavitt-Malvido Maria , Kumar Renuka G. , Murray Victoria Wong , Noecker Cecilia , Bisanz Jordan E. , Hswen Yulin , Ha Connie W. Y. , Sreekumar Bharath , Chen Irene P. , Lynch Susan V. , Ott Melanie , Lee Sulggi , Turnbaugh Peter J. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTViruses targeting mammalian cells can indirectly alter the gut microbiota, potentially compounding their phenotypic effects. Multiple studies have observed a disrupted gut microbiota in severe cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that require hospitalization. Yet, despite demographic shifts in disease severity resulting in a large and continuing burden of non-hospitalized infections, we still know very little about the impact of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection on the gut microbiota in the outpatient setting. To address this knowledge gap, we longitudinally sampled 14 SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects who remained outpatient and 4 household controls. SARS-CoV-2 cases exhibited a significantly less stable gut microbiota relative to controls. These results were confirmed and extended in the K18-humanized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 mouse model, which is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. All of the tested SARS-CoV-2 variants significantly disrupted the mouse gut microbiota, including USA-WA1/2020 (the original variant detected in the USA), Delta, and Omicron. Surprisingly, despite the fact that the Omicron variant caused the least severe symptoms in mice, it destabilized the gut microbiota and led to a significant depletion inAkkermansia muciniphila. Furthermore, exposure of wild-type C57BL/6J mice to SARS-CoV-2 disrupted the gut microbiota in the absence of severe lung pathology.IMPORTANCETaken together, our results demonstrate that even mild cases of SARS-CoV-2 can disrupt gut microbial ecology. Our findings in non-hospitalized individuals are consistent with studies of hospitalized patients, in that reproducible shifts in gut microbial taxonomic abundance in response to SARS-CoV-2 have been difficult to identify. Instead, we report a long-lasting instability in the gut microbiota. Surprisingly, our mouse experiments revealed an impact of the Omicron variant, despite producing the least severe symptoms in genetically susceptible mice, suggesting that despite the continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2, it has retained its ability to perturb the intestinal mucosa. These results will hopefully renew efforts to study the mechanisms through which Omicron and future SARS-CoV-2 variants alter gastrointestinal physiology, while also considering the potentially broad consequences of SARS-CoV-2-induced microbiota instability for host health and disease.
Relationship between left-behind status and cognitive function in older Chinese adults: a prospective 3-year cohort study
Authors: Zhang Hong-Guang , Fan Fang , Zhong Bao-Liang , Chiu Helen Fung-Kum 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundDue to the inaccuracy of the traditional geographical distance-based definition of left-behind status, data on the negative effect of left-behind status on cognitive function among older adults are controversial.AimsThis study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of left-behind status with cognitive function in older Chinese adults. The left-behind status definition was based on the frequency of face-to-face parent–child meetings.MethodsData from a nationally representative sample of 8 682 older adults (60+ years) in 2015 (5 658 left behind and 3 024 non-left behind), of which 6 933 completed the follow-up in 2018, were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Left-behind older adults were broadly defined as those aged 60+ years who had living adult children and saw their children less than once per month. The cognitive function was assessed with a composite cognitive test with higher total scores indicating better cognitive function.ResultsLeft-behind older adults had significantly lower cognitive test scores than non-left-behind older adults in both 2015 (11.1 (6.0) vs 13.2 (5.9), t=15.863, p<0.001) and 2018 (10.0 (6.6) vs 12.4 (6.7), t=14.177, p<0.001). After adjusting for demographic factors, lifestyle factors, chronic medical conditions and the baseline cognitive test score (in the longitudinal analysis only), on average, the cognitive test score of left-behind older adults was 0.628 lower than their non-left-behind counterparts in 2015 (t=5.689, p<0.001). This difference in cognitive test scores attenuated to 0.322 but remained significant in 2018 (t=2.733, p=0.006).ConclusionsLeft-behind older Chinese adults have a higher risk of poor cognitive function and cognitive decline than their non-left-behind counterparts. Specific efforts targeting left-behind older adults, such as encouraging adult children to visit their parents more regularly, are warranted to maintain or delay the progression of cognitive decline.
Historical shift in pathological type of progressive massive fibrosis among coal miners in the USA
Authors: Go Leonard H T , Rose Cecile S , Zell-Baran Lauren M , Almberg Kirsten S , Iwaniuk Cayla , Clingerman Sidney , Richardson Diana L , Abraham Jerrold L , Cool Carlyne D , Franko Angela D , Green Francis H Y , Hubbs Ann F , Murray Jill , Orandle Marlene S , Sanyal Soma , Vorajee Naseema I , Sarver Emily A , Petsonk Edward L , Cohen Robert A 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundPneumoconiosis among coal miners in the USA has been resurgent over the past two decades, despite modern dust controls and regulatory standards. Previously published studies have suggested that respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is a contributor to this disease resurgence. However, evidence has been primarily indirect, in the form of radiographic features.MethodsWe obtained lung tissue specimens and data from the National Coal Workers’ Autopsy Study. We evaluated specimens for the presence of progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) and used histopathological classifications to type these specimens into coal-type, mixed-type and silica-type PMF. Rates of each were compared by birth cohort. Logistic regression was used to assess demographic and mining characteristics associated with silica-type PMF.ResultsOf 322 cases found to have PMF, study pathologists characterised 138 (43%) as coal-type, 129 (40%) as mixed-type and 55 (17%) as silica-type PMF. Among earlier birth cohorts, coal-type and mixed-type PMF were more common than silica-type PMF, but their rates declined in later birth cohorts. In contrast, the rate of silica-type PMF did not decline in cases from more recent birth cohorts. More recent year of birth was significantly associated with silica-type PMF.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate a shift in PMF types among US coal miners, from a predominance of coal- and mixed-type PMF to a more commonly encountered silica-type PMF. These results are further evidence of the prominent role of RCS in the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis among contemporary US coal miners.
Cytogenetic, molecular, and morphological characterization of Odocoileus pandora (Merriam, 1901) (Artiodactyla, Cervidae)
Authors: Sandoval Eluzai Dinai Pinto , Bernegossi Agda Maria , Gallina Sonia , Reyna-Hurtado Rafael , Duarte José Maurício Barbanti 
Published: June 2023

The Yucatan brown brocket deer was initially described as Mazama pandora Merriam, 1901. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA recovered the species as sister group of the genus Odocoileus and subsequently the species was repositioned to this genus naming Odocoileus pandora (Merriam, 1901). However, there is still a lack of taxonomic consensus that could assist in nomenclature definition of the species. We aim to clarify the taxonomy of O. pandora through an integrative assessment using morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular data from recently collected specimens. Morphological characterizations identified O. pandora as a medium-sized brocket deer. The skull shows an inflated auditory bulla and a narrow zygomatic arch. Males present long, broad, spike-like antlers converging inward, marked with deep longitudinal grooves. Odocoileus pandora shows a karyotype with 2 n = 60 FN = 74. Bacterial artificial chromosome clone hybridization showed that centric and tandem fusions, and inversions are involved in karyotypical divergences between O. pandora, S. gouazoubira, M. americana, and O. virginianus. Our phylogeny based on Bayesian Inference of mitogenome recovered O. pandora as monophyletic within the subtribe Odocoileina, with Odocoileus as sister taxa. Morphological and genetic characteristics of O. pandora agrees in differencing the Yucatan brown brocket from Mazama and Odocoileus genera. Therefore, a new generic name should be indicated for this taxon.
Linear analysis of the gravitational beam–plasma instability
Authors: Moretti Fabio , Prete Matteo Del , Montani Giovanni 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe investigate the well-known phenomenon of the beam–plasma instability in the gravitational sector when a fast population of particles interacts with the massive scalar mode of a Horndeski theory of gravity, resulting in linear growth of the latter amplitude. Following the approach used in the standard electromagnetic case, we start from the dielectric representation of the gravitational plasma, as introduced in a previous analysis of the Landau damping for the scalar Horndeski mode. We then set up the modified Vlasov–Einstein equation, using a Dirac delta function to describe the fast beam distribution. We thus provide an analytical expression for the dispersion relation, and we demonstrate the existence of a nonzero growth rate for the linear evolution of the Horndeski scalar mode. A numerical investigation is then performed with a trapezoidal beam distribution function, which confirms the analytical results and allows us to demonstrate how the growth rate decreases as the beam spread increases.
Bromo- and Extra-Terminal Domain Inhibitors Induce Mitochondrial Stress in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rana Manjul , Kansal Rita G. , Bisunke Bijay , Fang Jie , Shibata David , Bajwa Amandeep , Yang Jun , Glazer Evan S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Identifying novel, unique, and personalized molecular targets for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains the greatest challenge in altering the biology of fatal tumors. Bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are activated in a noncanonical fashion by TGFβ, a ubiquitous cytokine in the PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that BET inhibitors (BETi) represent a new class of drugs that attack PDAC tumors via a novel mechanism. Using a combination of patient and syngeneic murine models, we investigated the effects of the BETi drug BMS-986158 on cellular proliferation, organoid growth, cell-cycle progression, and mitochondrial metabolic disruption. These were investigated independently and in combination with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy (gemcitabine + paclitaxel [GemPTX]). BMS-986158 reduced cell viability and proliferation across multiple PDAC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, even more so in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy (P &lt; 0.0001). We found that BMS-986158 reduced both human and murine PDAC organoid growth (P &lt; 0.001), with associated perturbations in the cell cycle leading to cell-cycle arrest. BMS-986158 disrupts normal cancer-dependent mitochondrial function, leading to aberrant mitochondrial metabolism and stress via dysfunctional cellular respiration, proton leakage, and ATP production. We demonstrated mechanistic and functional data that BETi induces metabolic mitochondrial dysfunction, abrogating PDAC progression and proliferation, alone and in combination with systemic cytotoxic chemotherapies. This novel approach improves the therapeutic window in patients with PDAC and offers another treatment approach distinct from cytotoxic chemotherapy that targets cancer cell bioenergetics.