bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do photosynthetic metabolism and habitat influence foliar water uptake in orchids?
Authors: Lima J. F. , Boanares D. , Costa V. E. , Moreira A. S. F. P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Epiphytic and rupicolous plants inhabit environments with limited water resources. Such plants commonly use Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM), a photosynthetic pathway that accumulates organic acids in cell vacuoles at night, so reducing their leaf water potential and favouring water absorption. Foliar water uptake (FWU) aids plant survival during drought events in environments with high water deficits. We hypothesized that FWU represents a strategy employed by epiphytic and rupicolous orchids for water acquisition and that CAM will favour increased water absorption.
We examined 6 epiphyte, 4 terrestrial and 6 rupicolous orchids that use C3 (n = 9) or CAM (n = 7) pathways. Five individuals per species were used to evaluate FWU, structural characteristics and leaf water balance.
Rupicolous species with C3 metabolism had higher FWU than other species. FWU (Cmax and k) could be related to succulence, SLM and leaf RWC. The results indicated that high orchid leaf densities favoured FWU, as area available for water storage increases with leaf density. Structural characteristics linked to water storage (e.g. high RWC, succulence), on the other hand, could limit leaf water absorption by favouring high internal leaf water potentials.
Epiphytic, rupicolous and terrestrial orchids showed FWU. Rupicolous species had high levels of FWU, probably through absorption from mist. However, succulence in plants with CAM appears to mitigate FWU.
Unearthing the alteration in plant volatiles induced by mycorrhizal fungi: A shield against plant pathogens
Authors: Sarkar Anup Kumar , Sadhukhan Sanjoy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlants produce a large range of structurally varied low molecular weight secondary metabolites, which evaporate, known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Several of them are emitted in response to biotic stress as a defensive measure against pathogen attacks. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMFs) can change the VOC pattern in parts of the plant and may promote plant defense via direct or indirect mechanisms. Mycorrhization of plants positively affects plant immunization along with growth and yield. The presence of AMF may raise the concentration of phenolic compounds and the activity of critical defense‐related enzymes. AMF‐induced changes in plant chemistry and associated volatile emissions lead to stronger immunity against pathogenic microorganisms. Despite substantial research into the origins of diversity in VOC‐mediated plant communication, very little is known about the mechanism of influence of several AMFs on plant VOC emissions and modulation of plant immunization. Moreover, the molecular mechanism for VOC sensing in plants and mycorrhizal association is still unclear. In the present review, we have presented an up‐to‐date understanding of the cross‐talk of AMF and VOC patterns in plants and the subsequent modulation of resistance against microbial pathogens.
Let's stay close: An examination of the effects of imagined contact on behavior toward children with disability
Authors: Cocco Veronica Margherita , Bisagno Elisa , Bernardo Gian Antonio Di , Bicocchi Nicola , Calderara Simone , Palazzi Andrea , Cucchiara Rita , Zambonelli Franco , Cadamuro Alessia , Stathi Sofia , Crisp Richard , Vezzali Loris 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn line with current developments in indirect intergroup contact literature, we conducted a field study using the imagined contact paradigm among high‐status (Italian children) and low‐status (children with foreign origins) group members (N = 122; 53 females, mean age = 7.52 years). The experiment aimed to improve attitudes and behavior toward a different low‐status group, children with disability. To assess behavior, we focused on an objective measure that captures the physical distance between participants and a child with disability over the course of a five‐minute interaction (i.e., while playing together). Results from a 3‐week intervention revealed that in the case of high‐status children imagined contact, relative to a no‐intervention control condition, improved outgroup attitudes and behavior, and strengthened helping and contact intentions. These effects however did not emerge among low‐status children. The results are discussed in the context of intergroup contact literature, with emphasis on the implications of imagined contact for educational settings.
Street Experiments and COVID‐19: Challenges, Responses and Systemic Change
Authors: Verhulst Lennert , Casier Corneel , Witlox Frank 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTCities have introduced street experiments, among others, in order to cope with the urgent health challenges caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. They are primarily intended to allow people to move safely in urban spaces according to physical distancing requirements. It has been suggested that street experiments have the potential to not only respond to pressing needs, but to also trigger systemic change in mobility. This paper explores urban case studies and demonstrates how pandemic‐induced street experiments provide a solution to specific challenges to mobility and public space. There are, however, issues concerning equity and citizen participation. Finally, we find that pandemic‐induced street experiments have a higher acceptance among the public and authorities, a more permanent character and a greater embeddedness in long‐term planning agendas. The paper concludes that the pandemic stimulated the introduction of street experiments and fostered their potential to enable systemic change in urban mobility.
Infection evaluation in the early period after liver transplantation: A single‐center exploration
Authors: Tu Zhen‐Hua , Jin Ping‐Bo , Chen Di‐Yu , Chen Zhi‐Yun , Li Zhi‐Wei , Zhang Bao‐Shan , Zhang Lin , Zhang Wei , Bai Xue‐Li , Liang Ting‐Bo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfection is a significant risk factor that impacts for perioperative morbidity and mortality in liver transplantation (LTx) patients and is difficult to evaluate quantitatively in the early posttransplantation period. Thus, a biomarker to assess the risk of infection and the prognosis of the recipient is highly desirable.MethodsA total of 128 consecutive patients with end‐stage liver diseases undergoing LTx between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were screened retrospectively. Graft preservation fluid and blood samples were collected for culture, and other perioperative laboratory examination results were recorded, for assessment of infection status.ResultsAfter a follow‐up period of 30 days, the survival rate among the 128 LTx recipients was 94.5%. Multivariable regression analysis showed that the logarithmically transformed neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (HR = 3.548, 95% CI: ; p = .041) on post‐LTx day 1 and graft preservation fluid culture positivity (HR = 12.032, 95% CI: ; p = .006) were independent predictive factors for early prognosis after LTx.ConclusionsPositive graft preservation fluid culture and the logarithmically transformed NLR on post‐LTx day 1 were independent predictive factors for early prognosis after LTx. The logarithmically transformed NLR could provide an earlier indication than culture results in clinical practice.
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Self S‐RNase inhibits ABF–LRX signaling to arrest pollen tube growth to achieve self‐incompatibility in pear
Authors: Wu Lei , Liu Xing , Zhang Ming‐Yue , Qi Kai‐Jie , Jiang Xue‐Ting , Yao Jia‐Long , Zhang Shao‐Ling , Gu Chao 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYGametophytic self‐incompatibility (GSI) has been widely studied in flowering plants, but studies of the mechanisms underlying pollen tube growth arrest by self S‐RNase in GSI species are limited. In the present study, two leucine‐rich repeat extensin genes in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2, were identified based on transcriptome and quantitative real‐time PCR analyses. The expression levels of these two LRX genes were significantly higher in the pollen grains and pollen tubes of the self‐compatible cultivar ‘Jinzhui’ (harboring a spontaneous bud mutation) than in those of the self‐incompatible cultivar ‘Yali’. Both PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2 stimulated pollen tube growth and attenuated the inhibitory effects of self S‐RNase on pollen tube growth by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton and enhancing cell wall integrity. These results indicate that abnormal expression of PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2 is involved in the loss of self‐incompatibility in ‘Jinzhui’. The PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2 promoters were directly bound by the ABRE‐binding factor PbABF.D.2. Knockdown of PbABF.D.2 decreased PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2 expression and inhibited pollen tube growth. Notably, the expression of PbLRXA2.1, PbLRXA2.2, and PbABF.D.2 was repressed by self S‐RNase, suggesting that self S‐RNase can arrest pollen tube growth by restricting the PbABF.D.2–PbLRXA2.1/PbLRXA2.2 signal cascade. These results provide novel insight into pollen tube growth arrest by self S‐RNase.
Multi‐omics analyses reveal stone cell distribution pattern in pear fruit
Authors: Gong Xin , Qi Kaijie , Chen Juanli , Zhao Liangyi , Xie Zhihua , Yan Xin , Khanizadeh Shahrokh , Zhang Shaoling , Tao Shutian 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYStone cells are the brachysclereid cells in pear (Pyrus) fruit, consisting almost entirely of lignified secondary cell walls. They are distributed mainly near the fruit core and spread radially in the whole fruit. However, the development of stone cells has not been comprehensively characterized, and little is known about the regulation of stone cell formation at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. In the present study, we performed phenomic analysis on the stone cells and their associated vascular bundles distributed near the fruit cores. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses revealed a significant positive regulation of biological processes which contribute to the lignification and lignin deposition in stone cells near the fruit core, including sucrose metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine biosynthesis. We found many metabolites generated from the phenylpropanoid pathway contributing to the cell wall formation of stone cells near the fruit core. Furthermore, we identified a key transcription factor, PbbZIP48, which was highly expressed near the fruit core and was shown to regulate lignin biosynthesis in stone cells. In conclusion, the present study provides insight into the mechanism of lignified stone cell formation near the pear fruit core at multiple levels.
A Theory of Cavitation Flow in Centrifugal-Pump Impellers
Authors: Gongwer Calvin A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper the present methods of describing pump cavitation performance are reviewed from the standpoint of the influence of eye design characteristics. From cavitation plots against three eye parameters, cavitation performance is related to eye design and the influence of the angle of attack of the vane leading edges on the flow is studied. Coefficients are derived for the pressure drop due to the vanes and shrouds separately. The parameter S or suction specific speed is related to the three eye parameters and interpreted as a design parameter. Cavitation design categories are suggested. The cavitation plots show that the discontinuity in the pump-discharge characteristic curves is due to a “stall” or separation of flow in the eye. A correlation is found between this separation and the angle of attack of the vane leading edges and design information is derived.
Parallel Versus Individual Operation of Multicyclones
Authors: Whiton L. C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the author discusses the problem of determining the comparative efficiencies of individual cyclone-type dust collectors and cyclones grouped with interconnecting ducts and hoppers. The test setup and procedure followed are described fully, while the results are completely tabulated. The conclusion is reached that, with a damper-equipped cyclone of the size used in actual practice and operated under identical conditions of resistance and temperature, performance of the individual cyclone is representative of the group in the field.
A Study of Circulation in High-Pressure Boilers and Water-Cooled Furnaces
Authors: Van Brunt John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper is devoted to a discussion of the elements of boiler and furnace design dealing with the problem of obtaining adequate circulation for the higher pressures now demanded by current practice. After explaining the action within a simple evaporating circuit, the author indicates the procedure in analyzing waterwall circuits and calculating the circulation in boiler tubes.
Multiple Phase Change Material-Based Heat Sink for Cooling of Electronics: A Combined Experimental and Numerical Study
Authors: Marri Girish Kumar , Srikanth R. , Balaji C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper reports an investigation of the thermal performance of an energy storage heat sink incorporated with multiple phase change materials (PCMs). A six-cavity cylindrical heat sink heated at the base is chosen for the investigations with Docosane, n-Eicosane, and Tetracosane as candidate PCMs. The phase transition of PCMs has been visualized with a digital camera and three-dimensional numerical simulations. The results show that the latent heat exploitation process of PCMs in a heat sink with multiple PCMs is different from the single PCM heat sink, where the PCMs in all cavities melt distinctly rather at a time, thereby opening up windows for obtaining deeper insights that can lead to better performing heat sinks. A trained artificial neural network (ANN) with 78 representative heat sink configurations based on the arrangement of the PCMs in the cavities as input and charging and discharging times as output is used to swiftly drive the optimization engine. Finally, multi-objective optimization is performed using the artificial bee colony algorithm with simultaneous consideration of two conflicting objectives (i.e., maximizing charging cycle time and minimizing discharging cycle time) of the heat sink. From the optimization study, best performing nondominated Pareto optimal heat sink configurations are obtained and validated with the in-house experimental results. From the investigations, it is found that the heat sink configurations with multiple PCMs perform on par with the single PCMs in the charging process and show a superiority of up to 24% in discharging process over a heat sink with single PCMs in terms of time to reach set point temperature.
Optimization of Energy Storage Systems and Demand Side Management to Maximize Water Utility Savings: A Hawaii Case Study
Authors: Manoharan Yogesh , Olson Keith , Headley Alexander John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Energy conservation is a concern in many industries, and consequently, facility operators are turning to various efficiency measures or alternative power sources to reduce electricity costs. With the expanding use of intermittent resources, energy storage systems (ESSs) and demand side management (DSM) options are also gaining interest to maximize potential energy savings. Here, we study the potential of ESSs versus DSM for water utilities through a case study of the National Energy Laboratory of the Hawaii Authority (NELHA). NELHA is a multizone water utility in which most of its electricity usage is dedicated to pumping water. In this study, the optimization of the overall electricity charges for NELHA, using both ESSs or DSM via pump load shifting and optimization of pump house output is investigated. An optimization algorithm is created to determine the optimal size of the batteries for installation considering the water demand and energy costs in each zone. An extended approach of considering the characteristics of individual pumps on each pump house in the optimization model is applied to provide insight into the proper optimization framework for dispatching pumps depending on the current zonal load, given pump efficiencies, and maximum flowrates from each pump. The outcome from mathematical models using general quadratic pump efficiency functions and a simplified linear version of pump efficiency is compared to determine the significance of this difference in modeling methodology in estimations and evaluations. Additionally, the effect of increasing solar power on electricity purchased is analyzed. This work will help to establish the role of ESS and DSM in energy savings for water utility industry as well as show what methods should be used for evaluation of the potential of ESS and DSM interventions.
Technical Evaluation of a Surfactant Injection Process for Heavy Oil Recovery by Laboratory-Scale Numerical Simulation
Authors: Ceballos Payares Juan Diego , Gambús Ordaz Maika Karen , Muñoz Navarro Samuel Fernando 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Surfactant flooding comes up as a potential enhanced oil recovery method for heavy oil exploitation as a solution to energy losses in thermal processes. This research aims to use an inverse problem to determine the most suitable application scenario of this process at the laboratory scale by the use of reservoir simulation. First of all, a numerical laboratory model was built, representing an alkali-surfactant flooding test of crude oil with a viscosity of 1800 MPa*s; second, an optimization process was carried out, where operational parameters, such as alkali and surfactant concentration, size of the main chemical slug and injection rate, were evaluated. Results showed that the most suitable scenario consisted of the injection of 0.5 PV from the combined mixture 0.2% Na2CO3 + 0.2% NaOH + 100 ppm Surfactant at an injection rate of 0.1 cm3/min, getting a final chemical-oil relation of about 0.0010 cm3 of chemical per cm3 of oil.
Assessing the SAC305 Solder Joint Fatigue in Ball Grid Array Assembly Using Strain-Controlled and Stress-Controlled Approaches
Authors: Wei Xin , Hamasha Sa'd , Alahmer Ali , Belhadi Mohamed El Amine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
One of the crucial factors in determining the reliability of an electronic device is fatigue failure of the interconnecting solder joints. In most cases, large bulk samples are used to study the fatigue characteristics of the solder materials. Real solder joints often encountered in ball grid array (BGA) components have only been considered in limited investigations. In this study, a specialized sandwich BGA test vehicle with a 3 × 3 solder joint was connected to the two substrates. The alloys were tested at room temperature using an Instron micromechanical tester in both the stress-controlled and strain-controlled methods. The tests were performed at a constant strain rate. Four stresses and four strain levels of the solder alloy Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) were examined using organic solderability preservative (OSP) and electroless nickel-immersion silver (ENIG) surface finishes. The work per cycle and plastic strain range was computed based on a systematic recording of the stress–strain (hysteresis) loops of each sample. A novel approach based on inelastic work is developed to calculate the fatigue life of a BGA assembled test vehicle. The results of the stress-controlled and strain-controlled tests indicated that the OSP surface finishes outperformed the ENIG surface finish. Regardless of the testing process and surface finish, the Coffin–Manson and Morrow energy models were acceptable for SAC305.
Sustaining improvement of hospital-wide initiative for patient safety and quality: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Moon Sarah E J , Hogden Anne , Eljiz Kathy 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundLong-term sustained improvement following implementation of hospital-wide quality and safety initiatives is not easily achieved. Comprehensive theoretical and practical understanding of how gained improvements can be sustained to benefit safe and high-quality care is needed. This review aimed to identify enabling and hindering factors and their contributions to improvement sustainability from hospital-wide change to enhance patient safety and quality.MethodsA systematic scoping review method was used. Searched were peer-reviewed published records on PubMed, Scopus, World of Science, CINAHL, Health Business Elite, Health Policy Reference Centre and Cochrane Library and grey literature. Review inclusion criteria included contemporary (2010 and onwards), empirical factors to improvement sustainability evaluated after the active implementation, hospital(s) based in the western Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Numerical and thematic analyses were undertaken.Results17 peer-reviewed papers were reviewed. Improvement and implementation approaches were predominantly adopted to guide change. Less than 6 in 10 (53%) of reviewed papers included a guiding framework/model, none with a demonstrated focus on improvement sustainability. With an evaluation time point of 4.3 years on average, 62 factors to improvement sustainability were identified and emerged into three overarching themes: People, Process and Organisational Environment. These entailed, as subthemes, actors and their roles; planning, execution and maintenance of change; and internal contexts that enabled sustainability. Well-coordinated change delivery, customised local integration and continued change effort were three most critical elements. Mechanisms between identified factors emerged in the forms of Influence and Action towards sustained improvement.ConclusionsThe findings map contemporary empirical factors and their mechanisms towards change sustainability from a hospital-wide initiative to improve patient safety and quality. The identified factors and mechanisms extend current theoretical and empirical knowledgebases of sustaining improvement particularly with those beyond the active implementation. The provided conceptual framework offers an empirically evidenced and actionable guide to assist sustainable organisational change in hospital settings.