bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in digital mentoring for language teachers: Promising practices, caveats, and future directions
Authors: Semingson Peggy , Smith Pete 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the future of mentoring by focusing on digital mentoring of language and TESOL teachers in higher education with a lens on nurturing the faculty‐student dynamic in primarily online/digital/blended teaching contexts. We also focus on a review of recent extant literature from the last ten years (2012‐2022) on the topic in three key categories. The paper draws upon a framework of connectivism and networked knowledge as well as a constructivist approach to learning. A constructivist model for digital mentoring builds on students’ needs, knowledge, and experience, seeing the instructor and student mentoring dynamic in multi‐faceted ways. Mentoring in a digital era draws on frameworks that suggest that mentors and mentees are part of connected communities, especially digitally connected communities. Digital mentoring has been used across both synchronous and asynchronous learning contexts (e.g., email, videoconference, etc.) and increasingly over social media (e.g., Twitter).
More than meets the eye: Community cultural wealth as a theory for mentoring international students
Authors: Kelley Jacob , Watson Ashley N. , Bindamnan Abdulrahman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInternational students bring rich and complex experiences to postsecondary education in the United States. Unfortunately, they too often encounter many challenges along their academic journeys. This article suggests that the practice of mentoring might be enhanced by deploying Yosso's theory of community cultural wealth as a way for faculty members to acknowledge, affirm, and appreciate the capital that international students bring to mentor‐mentee relationships. Three forms of capital, in particular, are examined in relation to mentoring international students: aspirational, familial, and linguistic.
Mentoring by design: Examples of effective faculty development programs
Authors: Johnson Benjamin A. , Arocho Rachel , Tolman Anton O. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on professional development by exploring two faculty education programs that create opportunities for faculty to learn best practices for mentoring students in scholarly work. These programs promote the inclusion of diverse and underrepresented student populations in research experiences; help faculty develop as effective, ethical mentors; and improve support for long‐term student achievement.
Ecological problems associated with personal care products and the role of microbes in aquatic environment
Authors: Paul Sonali , Paul Sharanya , Bhattacharjee Shreya , Nath Somava , Sharma Upasana , Mahakud Jitesh , Mukherjee Susmita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the present world, everyone is health, hygiene, and beauty conscious. Most households use different personal care products (PCPs) to keep themselves clean and hygienic. But when it comes to disposal, not much care is taken. PCPs are being liberated into the environment on a regular basis causing harm to the ecosystem. The prevalence of these PCPs as soaps, nail paints, hair dyes, fragrances, emulsifiers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, preservatives, disinfectants, etc. is posing severe health concerns. It has been studied that together these PCPs being biologically active and highly persistent, in turn impacts the lives of living beings. This review work aimed to elucidate and analyze the problems associated with personal care products when discharged into the aquatic system from different sources that cause detrimental effects on the organisms at different trophic levels and on human beings which has been included in this discussion, the variety of sources and how they impact the aquatic life as well as the movement of the emerging toxicants to the higher trophic levels through the food chain. This work also has analyzed the bioremediation of a few toxicants like, paraben, phthalate, sulphate by some potential microorganisms and the limitations in the microbial remediation process.
Umami Taste Signaling from the Taste Bud to Cortex
Authors: Delay Eugene R. , Roper Stephen D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUmami is the meaty or savory taste elicited by monosodium glutamate and other amino acids. The presence of these amino acids in foods and beverages can alter dietary intake and nutritional balance and thus the health of human and nonhuman animals. Umami has been a major culinary influence in Eastern cultures for over a century and has gradually become an important factor in Western diets. Throughout its history, research on umami, especially the unique taste elicited by monosodium glutamate and its synergistic interaction with ribonucleotides such as inosine 5′-monophosphate, has played an important role in discovering peripheral taste receptors, cellular and molecular transduction mechanisms, and the neuroanatomy of the gustatory system. Umami taste has also been a focus of study to identify brain stem and cortical structures involved in sensory processing and generating food-directed behavior. This chapter provides a brief history of umami taste, a description of the molecular receptors and cellular transduction mechanisms for umami taste stimuli in chemosensory cells in the oral cavity and gut, and an overview of the brain systems involved in umami taste perception. An understanding of these aspects of umami taste is of fundamental importance for basic science and for healthcare professions working with patient populations with dietary challenges.
Umami Taste: Inborn and Experiential Effects on Taste Acceptance and Satiation During Infancy
Authors: Gabriel Ana San , Mennella Julie A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFrom an early age, humans can detect the umami taste sensation of the free amino acid glutamate, as evidenced by the facial expressions of pleasure displayed by newborns. This chapter briefly reviews the biology of umami flavor and summarizes the earliest routes of exposure to free amino acids in amniotic fluid, human milk, and infant formula, highlighting how exposure to free glutamate, and umami tastes, varies from gestation to postnatal feedings and from infant to infant. It then summarizes scientific evidence revealing that during infancy, the amount of free glutamate ingested impacts satiation and growth during milk feedings, as well as the development of preferences for similarly flavored foods. The study of umami as a basic taste during infancy and childhood has been neglected compared to other basic tastes, and gaps in knowledge are highlighted.
Agency and Policy: Who Controls the Linguistic Landscape of a School?
Authors: Troyer Robert A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAgency has been an ongoing topic of concern in Linguistic Landscape (LL) studies since the field’s emergence while more recently notions of top-down vs. bottom-up power have been questioned in favor of more nuanced appreciations of the multiple factors that influence a local LL actor’s selection and emplacement of public language. Agency in public schools in the United States exists at the nexus of policy (determined at national, state, and local district levels) and the many decisions made by administrators at individual schools while teachers and support staff, students, and other stakeholders act according to and sometimes against explicit and implied policies. Previous studies of the LL of schools (schoolscapes) have demonstrated the role that public displays of language play in constructing identities, agency, diversity, and ideologies that affect multilingualism and literacy practices. This chapter reports findings of a mixed-methods study of all three elementary schools and the two secondary schools in a mid-sized public school district in Oregon. The combination of photographs, video-recorded walking tours led by schoolscape actors, and interviews with teachers and administrators documents the district’s schoolscapes and provides insight regarding their composition. This data leads to a classification of the functions of schoolscape signage and comparisons across the three elementary schools and across educational levels in terms of languages present, attitudes, policies, and agency. A Nexus Analysis focuses on the ideological positioning of Spanish relative to English and the construction of collective identities primarily as they affect English Language Learners and Spanish heritage speakers in the district.
N-Level Hierarchy-Based Optimal Control to Develop Therapeutic Strategies for Ecological Evolutionary Dynamics Systems
Authors: Sun Jiayue , Xu Shun , Liu Yang , Zhang Huaguang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter mainly proposes an evolutionary algorithm and its first application to develop therapeutic strategies for Ecological Evolutionary Dynamics Systems (EEDS), obtaining the balance between tumor cells and immune cells by rationally arranging chemotherapeutic drugs and immune drugs. Firstly, an EEDS nonlinear kinetic model is constructed to describe the relationship between tumor cells, immune cells, dose, and drug concentration. Secondly, the N-Level Hierarchy Optimization (NLHO) algorithm is designed and compared with 5 algorithms on 20 benchmark functions, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of NLHO. Finally, we apply NLHO into EEDS to give a dynamic adaptive optimal control policy, and develop therapeutic strategies to reduce tumor cells, while minimizing the harm of chemotherapy drugs and immune drugs to the human body. The experimental results prove the validity of the research method.
Improved Thermal Sensitivity Using Virtual Monochromatic Imaging Derived from Photon Counting Detector CT Data Sets: Ex Vivo Results of CT-Guided Cryoablation in Porcine Liver
Authors: Decker Josua A. , Risch Franka , Schwarz Florian , Scheurig-Muenkler Christian , Kroencke Thomas J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate differences in thermal sensitivity of virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) series generated from photon-counting detector (PCD) CT data sets, regarding their use to improve discrimination of the ablation zone during percutaneous cryoablation.

Materials and Methods
CT-guided cryoablation was performed using an ex vivo model of porcine liver on a PCD-CT system. The ablation zone was imaged continuously for 8 min by acquiring a CT scan every 5 s. Tissue temperature was measured using fiberoptic temperature probes placed parallel to the cryoprobe. CT-values and noise were measured at the tip of the temperature probes on each scan and on VMI series from 40 to 130 keV. Correlation of CT-values and temperature was assessed using linear regression analyses.

Results
For the whole temperature range of [− 40, + 20] °C, we observed a linear correlation between CT-values and temperature in reference 70 keV images (R2 = 0.60, p < 0.001) with a thermal sensitivity of 1.4HU/°C. For the most dynamic range of [− 15, + 20] °C, the sensitivity increased to 2.4HU/°C (R2 = 0.50, p < 0.001). Using VMI reconstructions, the thermal sensitivity increased from 1.4 HU/°C at 70 keV to 1.5, 1.7 and 2.0HU/°C at 60, 50 and 40 keV, respectively (range [− 40, + 20] °C). For [− 15, + 20]°C, the thermal sensitivity increased from 2.4HU/°C at 70 keV to 2.5, 2.6 and 2.7HU/°C at 60, 50 and 40 keV, respectively. Both CT-values and noise also increased with decreasing VMI keV-levels.

Conclusion
During CT-guided cryoablation of porcine liver, low-keV VMI reconstructions derived from PCD-CT data sets exhibit improved thermal sensitivity being highest between + 20 and − 15 °C.

Graphical Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is associated with muscle area asymmetries in the lumbar spine
Authors: Becker Luis , Li Zhao , Wang Zhen , Pumberger Matthias , Schömig Friederike 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
While the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains unclear, it is assumed that muscular asymmetries contribute to curve progression. As previous studies have found asymmetries of the thoracic paraspinal muscles in AIS patients, our study’s aim was to analyze differences in the erector spinae, multifidus, quadratus lumborum, and psoas muscles of the lumbar spine depending on the curve’s radiographic characteristics.

Methods
We retrospectively included all patients who received posterior reposition spondylodesis for AIS treatment at our institution. Patients were classified according to the Lenke classification. Muscle cross-sectional areas were obtained from magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine. Data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon rank sum test, the Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc testing, or the Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Results
Seventy-four (14 males and 60 females) AIS patients with a median age of 16 (IQR ± 4) years and a mean Cobb angle of 56.0° (± 18.0°) were included. In curve types Lenke 1 and 2 (n = 45), the erector spinae (p < 0.001) and multifidus (p < 0.001) muscles had a significantly larger cross-sectional area on the convex side, whereas the quadratus lumborum (p = 0.034) and psoas (p < 0.001) muscles each had a significantly larger cross-sectional area on the lumbar contralateral side.

Conclusion
Our results show an asymmetry of the lumbar spine’s muscles which depends on both the convexity and the extent of the scoliotic curve. While our results cannot prove whether these differences are the deformity’s cause or effect, they may contribute to a better understanding of AIS pathogenesis and may allow for more specific preoperative physiotherapy.
Sensors for in situ monitoring of oral and dental health parameters in saliva
Authors: Timpel Julia , Klinghammer Stephanie , Riemenschneider Leif , Ibarlucea Bergoi , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Hannig Christian , Sterzenbach Torsten 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The oral cavity is an easily accessible unique environment and open system which is influenced by the oral fluids, microbiota, and nutrition. Little is known about the kinetics and dynamics of metabolic processes at the intraoral surfaces. Real-time monitoring of salivary biomarkers, e.g., glucose, lactate, fluoride, calcium, phosphate, and pH with intraoral sensors is therefore of major interest. The aim of this review is to overview the existing literature for intraoral saliva sensors.

Materials and methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed to review the most relevant studies on intraoral saliva sensor technology.

Results
There is limited literature about the in situ saliva monitoring of salivary biomarkers. Bioadhesion and biofouling processes at the intraoral surfaces limit the performances of the sensors. Real-time, long-term, and continuous intraoral measurement of salivary metabolites remains challenging and needs further investigation as only few well-functioning sensors have been developed until today. Until now, there is no sensor that measures reliably beyond hours for any analyte other than glucose.

Conclusions
Saliva’s complex and dynamic structure as well as bioadhesion are key challenges and should be addressed in the future developments. Consequently, more studies that focus particularly on biofouling processes and interferential effects of the salivary matrix components on sensor surfaces are required.

Clinical relevance
By monitoring fluids in the oral cavity, as the entrance to the digestive system, extensive information can be obtained regarding the effects of foods and preventive agents on the oral microbiota and the tooth surfaces. This may lead to a better understanding of strategies to modulate oral and general health.
Comparing two relaxation procedures to ease fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Garis Guadalupe , Dettmers Christian , Hildebrandt Andrea , Duning Thomas , Hildebrandt Helmut 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Various relaxation procedures have been proposed to reduce fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it is unknown, which type of relaxation has the largest effect on fatigue reduction and on autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity.

Objective
We aimed to compare two biofeedback-supported relaxation exercises: a deep breathing (DB) exercise and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), which may ameliorate MS fatigue and alter ANS activity.

Methods
We performed a single-blind randomized clinical trial, introducing MS patients (n = 34) to the DB or PMR exercise. We first tested cardiovagal integrity, reflected by changes in heart rate variability (HRV) in response to DB. Participants then performed a fatigue-inducing vigilance task, followed by the DB or PMR. State fatigue was recorded consecutively at baseline, after the vigilance task, and after the relaxation exercise, along with HRV reflecting ANS activity.

Results
Only patients assigned to the PMR group experienced a significant drop in fatigue, whereas both relaxation exercises changed ANS activity. MS patients showed the expected autonomic response during the cardiovagal reflex test. The vigilance task elevated short-term feelings of fatigue and significantly reduced HRV parameters of parasympathetic activity. Trait fatigue was negatively correlated with HRV during the second half of the vigilance task.

Conclusion
PMR alleviates short-term feelings of fatigue in persons with MS. The vigilance task in combination with HRV measurements may be helpful for evaluating relaxation procedures as a treatment of fatigue. Hereby, future studies should ensure longer and more frequent relaxation exercises and focus on patients with weak to moderate fatigue.

Trial registration
Trial Registry: DRKS00024358.
Local projection stabilized finite element methods for advection–reaction problems
Authors: Garg Deepika , Ganesan Sashikumaar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn a priori analysis for generalized local projection stabilized finite element approximations for the solution of an advection–reaction equation is presented in this article. The stability and a priori error estimates are derived for the conforming, and nonconforming (Crouzeix–Raviart) approximations in the local projection streamline derivative norm. Finally, the validation of the proposed stabilization scheme and verification of the derived estimates are presented with appropriate numerical experiments.
On thresholds for controlling negative particle (PM2.5) readings in air quality reporting
Authors: Jiang Ningbo , Akter Rinat , Ross Glenn , White Stephen , Kirkwood John , Gunashanhar Gunaratnam , Thompson Scott , Riley Matthew , Azzi Merched 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAmbient PM2.5 (particles less than 2.5 μm in diameter) is monitored in many countries including Australia. Occasionally PM2.5 instruments may report negative measurements, although in realty the ambient air can never contain negative amounts of particles. Some negative readings are caused by instrument faults or procedural errors, thus can be simply invalidated from air quality reporting. There are occasions, however, when negative readings occur due to other factors including technological or procedural limitations. Treatment of such negative data requires consideration of factors such as measurement uncertainty, instrument noise and risk for significant bias in air quality reporting. There is very limited documentation on handling negative PM2.5 data in the literature. This paper demonstrates how a threshold is determined for controlling negative hourly PM2.5 readings in the New South Wales (NSW) air quality data system. The investigation involved a review of thresholds used in different data systems and an assessment of instrument measurement uncertainties, zero air test data and impacts on key reporting statistics when applying different thresholds to historical datasets. The results show that a threshold of −10.0 μg/m3 appears optimal for controlling negative PM2.5 data in public reporting. This choice is consistent with the measurement uncertainty estimates and the zero air test data statistics calculated for the NSW Air Quality Monitoring Network, and is expected not to have significant impacts on key compliance reporting statistics such as data availability and annual average pollution levels. The analysis can be useful for air quality monitoring in other Australian jurisdictions or wider context.
Needs Analysis About Intercultural Communicative Competence Among Undergraduate Tourism Students
Authors: Trang Tran Thi Thu , Phuong Vo Tu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith both the quantitative and qualitative data from 628 responses to a set of questionnaire collected from the undergraduates of three educational institutions in central Vietnam, this study analyzed learners’ needs of intercultural communication competence (ICC) related to their studying of English for tourism purposes and future occupations. The methodology used for data analysis including semi-structured interviews, and the questionnaire. The findings showed that the students preferred intercultural language learning activities referring to authentic materials and real-life experience. The results also revealed the participants’ great needs of various ICC attitudes and regular tasks in tourism workplaces. Particularly, they had positive attitudes in intercultural communication, and higher needs of tasks for improving discourse and behavioural competences more than other ICC dimensions. The study has implications for tourism learners, educators and related stakeholders to raise their awareness in learning, teaching and developing this long-lasting competence.
From boots to suits: do military directors protect shareholders’ wealth?
Authors: Nawaz Tasawar , Haniffa Roszaini , Hudaib Mohammad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the influence of military directors in protecting shareholders’ wealth through CEO compensation and corporate dividend payout policies. Based on manually collected data on corporate boards of non-financial companies operating in Pakistan, the results indicate a significant negative association between the presence of military directors on corporate boards and CEO compensation, thus supporting the notion that such directors are effective in monitoring and curtailing excessive rent seeking behaviour by the agents. In other words, presence of military directors on Pakistani corporate boards reduces agency costs and in turn enhances shareholders’ wealth. Results also indicate significant positive relationship between presence of military directors on boards and dividend payout, hence signifying that such directors are effective in enhancing shareholders’ wealth by reducing free cash flow opportunities that would otherwise be deployed by agents for their private benefits. We further found military directors with business education and wider networks to have significant positive association with dividend payout but not the case with CEO compensation. We control for board attributes, agent heterogeneity and firm-specific attributes in all our models. Overall, the benefits of military directors’ inclusion on corporate boards in Pakistan have far broader strategic, economic and policy implications on the nation besides resolving the principal-agent problems in the boardroom.
Definite descriptions and hybrid tense logic
Authors: Indrzejczak Andrzej , Zawidzki Michał 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe provide a version of first-order hybrid tense logic with predicate abstracts and definite descriptions as the only non-rigid terms. It is formalised by means of a tableau calculus working on sat-formulas. A particular theory of DD exploited here is essentially based on the approach of Russell, but with descriptions treated as genuine terms. However, the reductionist aspect of the Russellian approach is retained in several ways. Moreover, a special form of tense definite descriptions is formally developed. A constructive proof of the interpolation theorem for this calculus is given, which is an extension of the result provided by Blackburn and Marx.