bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreign Aid, Norm Diffusion, and Local Support for Gender Equality: Comparing Evidence from the World Bank and China’s Aid Projects in Africa
Authors: Zhang Chuanhong , Huang Zhenqian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDoes foreign aid change local attitudes toward gender equality? Drawing on a theory of norm diffusion through intervention, we contend that when donors integrate norms into aid projects, such norms can be diffused to individuals in recipient countries. The World Bank and China are two comparable donors to examine this relationship. We matched the geocoded aid projects of the two donors from AidData and Afrobarometer surveys in Africa to test our hypotheses. Our strategy is to compare respondents’ attitudes toward gender equality who were near a site where the project had been implemented at the time of the interview to those who were close to a site where the project would be started after the interview. We find that the World Bank aid increases local support for gender equality and the results differ across sectors and gender. Aid going to gender-sensitive sectors has the most significant impact on women’s attitudes toward gender equality. In contrast, Chinese aid shows no similar effects. This study sheds light on the linkage between aid and social norm change and is expected to exert implications for policymakers and development practitioners adventuring in the land of aid.
Trevet’s Medea: A Reading of Seneca’s Medea Through Nicholas Trevet’s Medieval Commentary
Authors: Chong-Gossard James H. Kim On 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn 1314, the Oxford Dominican monk Nicholas Trevet was commissioned to write a commentary on Seneca’s tragedies. Trevet’s interpretation of character and plot in Seneca’s Medea differs in many ways from 21st-century classical scholars. Because Trevet relied on a single manuscript from the A tradition, he and his readers did not have access to a Senecan Medea who asks Jason whether he ‘recognizes his wife’ before departing Corinth in a flying chariot drawn by serpents because the last nineteen lines of the play did not exist in A. Trevet did not know a Medea who told her Nurse that she ‘would become’ Medea. It is Trevet’s Medea, and not Jason, who is being pursued by Pelias’s son Acastus. For Trevet, Jason’s alliance with Creon’s daughter Creusa is calculated not to protect himself and his sons from an angry and dangerous Acastus, but in order to save Medea’s life. Furthermore, the theme of Medea as Jason’s saviour, and this act of salvation itself as the cause of crime, informs Trevet’s reading (and misreading) of important passages. Finally, when Medea argues back and forth with herself, Trevet attributes Medea’s regard for her sons as ‘not mine’ to her loss of power over them because of her exile from Corinth, without any mention that the sons might now belong to Jason’s new wife Creusa. These are all subtle interpretations that cumulatively form a unique ‘reading’ of Seneca’s Medea offered by the very first commentator on all of Seneca’s plays, seven hundred years ago.
Differences in emotional contagion, interpersonal relationships and social rewards in males and females: examining the links with primary and secondary psychopathic traits
Authors: Kyranides Melina Nicole , Lu Kiara Margarita , Ten Seldam Silene 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIndividuals with psychopathic traits display low empathy and as a result they have difficulties maintaining meaningful relationships. Emotional contagion, the ability to automatically mimic others’ emotional states (facial expressions, movements), is a precursor of empathy that contributes to relationship quality and is impaired in individuals with psychopathic traits. The current study examines sex differences in primary and secondary psychopathic traits in a sample of 389 participants (Mage = 33.61; 241 females) and the association of these personality traits with romantic and peer relationships, susceptibility to negative (sadness, fear, anger) and positive (happiness, love) emotional contagion and social motivation factors. Hierarchical multiple regressions run separately in male and female participants, revealed different factors contribute to the maintenance of primary and secondary psychopathic traits. Findings infer different difficulties in social functioning (forming and maintaining relationships), regulating emotions, empathizing via emotional contagion, and motivating factors to engage socially, relate to primary and secondary traits, as well as differences in men and women. This research reflects the importance of investigating psychopathic traits heterogeneously in males and females, to better inform prevention efforts focused on hindering the development and maintenance of these personality traits.
Assessment of the Long-Term Exposure to Lead in Four European Countries Using PBPK Modeling
Authors: Sy Moustapha , Eleftheriadou Dimitra , Jung Christian , Lindtner Oliver , Karakitsios Spyros , Sarigiannis Dimosthenis , Weber Till , Kolossa-Gehring Marike , Greiner Matthias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLead (Pb) is a naturally occurring heavy metal that received, in the last decades, much attention in the human health risk assessment community. In the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU), Pb was identified as a priority substance as various scientific and policy questions were open and still to be answered. They included the further investigation of the internal exposure to Pb, the factors determining it, and its variations within European populations. The aim of this work was to develop an integrative modeling framework for the assessment of the aggregated long-term exposure to Pb in Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, and Norway. This framework enabled predicting the concentrations of Pb in human blood (PbB) from estimates of the external exposure. The effect of past and current exposure events was accounted for, as multiple country-specific Pb concentration data in environmental compartments and diet, and estimates of the dietary intake of Pb covering a period from the 1970s until the present times were compiled. This modeling approach allowed, using a two-dimensional Monte Carlo (MC2D) approach, running a population-based simulation and characterizing the inter-individual variability within the simulated populations and the uncertainty on the external exposure estimates. The predicted PbB levels were compared with the results drawn from HBM data. To the best of our knowledge, this holistic modeling approach combines for the first time temporal and country-specific trends in environmental lead concentrations to derive internal exposure, in order to get better insights into the relationship between environmental and human lead exposure, and to characterize individual exposure at different ages.
Graphical Abstract
Specific Reduction in the Cortisol Awakening Response after Socio-Affective Mental Training
Authors: Engert Veronika , Hoehne Katja , Singer Tania 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Psychosocial stress is an inherent part of modern lifestyle, and many suffer from chronic stress exposure and the subsequent development of stress-related diseases. In searching for efficient low-cost interventions to reduce stress, we investigated the effects of regular contemplative mental practice on diurnal cortisol activity as an indicator of the basal, everyday stress load.

Method
Data were collected in the context of the ReSource Project, an open-label efficacy trial comprising three distinct 3-month training modules targeting attention and interoception (Presence Module), socio-affective (Affect Module) or socio-cognitive abilities (Perspective Module) through dyadic exercises and secularized meditation practices. Diurnal cortisol activity was assayed at four time points: pre-training and after 3, 6, and 9 months. As outcome measures, the cortisol awakening response (CAR), cortisol slope over the course of the day, and total daily cortisol output were computed.

Results
Analyses revealed a stable reduction in CAR specifically after the compassion- and care-based Affect Module, contrasted by a CAR increase following the attention- and interoception-based Presence training. Cortisol slope over the day and total daily cortisol output were unaffected by any of the mental trainings.

Conclusions
These findings emphasize the necessity for a more granular approach in the investigation of contemplative mental training effects. Not all types of training can be expected to equally beneficial for all types of hardship. Specifically, with regard to the CAR, which represents the anticipatory stress response to the upcoming day, compassion- and care-based qualities rather than bare attention or meta-cognitive skills seem to drive stress reduction.

Preregistration
This study is not preregistered.
Justice before Expediency: Robust Intuitive Concern for Rights Protection in Criminalization Decisions
Authors: Bystranowski Piotr , Hannikainen Ivar Rodríguez 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe notion that a false positive (false conviction) is worse than a false negative (false acquittal) is a deep-seated commitment in the theory of criminal law. Its most illustrious formulation, the so-called Blackstone’s ratio, affirms that “it is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer”. Are people’s evaluations of criminal statutes consitent with this tenet of the Western legal tradition? To answer this question, we conducted three experiments (total N = 2492) investigating how people reason about a particular class of offenses—proxy crimes—known to vary in their specificity and sensitivity in predicting actual crime. By manipulating the extent to which proxy crimes convict the innocent and acquit those guilty of a target offense, we uncovered evidence that attitudes toward proxy criminalization depend primarily on its propensity toward false positives, with false negatives exerting a substantially weaker effect. This tendency arose across multiple experimental conditions—whether we matched the rates of false positives and false negatives or their frequencies, whether information was presented visually or numerically, and whether decisions were made under time pressure or after a forced delay—and was unrelated to participants’ probability literacy or their professed views on the purpose of criminal punishment. Despite the observed inattentiveness to false negatives, when asked to justify their decisions, participants retrospectively supported their judgments by highlighting the proxy crime’s efficacy (or inefficacy) in combating crime. These results reveal a striking inconsistency: people favor criminal policies that protect the rights of the innocent, but report comparable concern for their expediency in fighting crime.
An operational concept flying GLS approaches using satellite-based augmentation systems
Authors: Biernatzki Janes , Dautermann Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA new converter technology allows suitably equipped aircraft to use data provided by the satellite-based augmentation system in receivers originally designed for the ground-based augmentation landing system. For these aircraft, that system enables a lower decision altitude and, hence, improved access to airports. To make this technology usable, air crews require an operational concept and the flight crew has to be presented with the appropriate information in the form of approach charts. Two different possibilities for an operational concept were developed and the corresponding approach charts created. One option is a modified area navigation approach chart, to which the specific information is added. The other chart is an entirely separate procedure for the approach. These two options were tested with airline pilots in an Airbus A320 full-flight training simulator. During the simulator flights, aircraft performance data was recorded and the participants filled in questionnaires regarding workload and quality of the operational concept. The results show different behavior during the intercept of the final course, but all approaches remained within the required limits. The questionnaires revealed that the workload is higher during the area navigation variant and that all participants prefer the separate ground-based augmentation landing system variant.
Skeleton for the one-dimensional aggregation equation
Authors: Cantero Juan Carlos , Orobitg Joan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor the aggregation equation in $$\mathbb {R}$$
R
, we consider the evolution of an initial density corresponding to the characteristic function of some set $$\Omega _0$$

Ω
0

. We study the limit measure at the blow up time 1 for $$\Omega _0$$

Ω
0

open or compact and we inspect the limit set (skeleton) where this measure is supported.
On the consistency of the matrix equation $$X^\top A X=B$$ when B is symmetric: the case where CFC(A) includes skew-symmetric blocks
Authors: Borobia Alberto , Canogar Roberto , De Terán Fernando 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, which is a follow-up to Borobia et al. (Mediterr J Math, 18:40, 2021), we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the matrix equation $$X^\top AX=B$$

X
⊤

A
X
=
B

to be consistent when B is symmetric. The condition depends on the canonical form for congruence of the matrix A, and is proved to be necessary for all matrices A, and sufficient for most of them. This result improves the main one in the previous paper, since the condition is stronger than the one in that reference, and the sufficiency is guaranteed for a larger set of matrices (namely, those whose canonical form for congruence, CFC(A), includes skew-symmetric blocks).
Sequential treatment of teriparatide and alendronate versus alendronate alone for elevation of bone mineral density and prevention of refracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty in osteoporosis: a prospective study
Authors: Yang Dazhi , Tan Jie , Long Yufeng , Huang Kang , Han Weidong , Wang Min , Zhu Shizhuang , Zeng Shutong , Yi Weihong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Percutaneous vertebroplasty was the most common strategy for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. However, refracture after vertebroplasty also occurred and bone mineral density (BMD) was one of the main factors associated with refracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Aims
To investigate the efficacy of a short-sequential treatment of teriparatide followed by alendronate on prevention of refracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty in osteoporotic patients, and compare it with the therapy of alendronate alone.

Methods
From January 2018 to January 2020, we recruited 165 female osteoporosis patients after percutaneous vertebroplasty who were assigned into sequential treatment of teriparatide followed by alendronate group (TPTD + ALN group) and alendronate alone group (ALN group). The vertebral fracture occurred during this process was also recorded in both the groups. A total of 105 participants completed the 1-year follow-up. Furthermore, BMD and serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) were compared between the two groups during 1-year follow-up.

Results
The 105 patients were finally included, with 59 in ALN group and 46 in TPTD + ALN group. During 1-year follow-up, the vertebral refracture rate in TPTD + ALN group was much lower than that in ALN group (2.2% vs. 13.6%, p < 0.05). At 12 months, the BMDs at lumbar in TPTD + ALN group were significantly elevated when compared to the ALN group (0.65 ± 0.10 vs. 0.57 ± 0.07, p < 0.001).

Discussion and conclusion
A short-sequential administration of teriparatide followed by alendronate was more effective in elevating the BMD and decreasing the refracture rate at 12-month follow-up, compared to the counterpart with alendronate alone.
Hypomagnesemia and incident delirium in hospitalized older persons
Authors: Boccardi Virginia , Ercolani Sara , Serra Rocco , Bubba Valentina , Piccolo Alessandro , Scamosci Michela , Villa Alfredo , Ruggiero Carmelinda , Mecocci Patrizia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Altered serum magnesium (Mg) levels in older persons have been hypothesized to have a role in predicting hospitalization and mortality. Hypomagnesemia and delirium are frequent problems in older patients, but no study has evaluated such an association in acute geriatric setting.

Aims
We investigated the impact of hypomagnesemia on the incidence of delirium in an acute geriatric setting.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted on 209 older hospitalized patients. All subjects underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Mg was measured in serum by routine laboratory methods. The presence of incident delirium was determined by the 4AT screening tool. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between serum Mg and delirium controlling for multiple covariates.

Results
209 patients (77.9% women) were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 85.7 ± 6.50 years (range 65–100). 27 subjects (12.9%) developed delirium during the hospitalization, with no difference between genders. Subjects with delirium had lower serum magnesium levels than those without (1.88 ± 0.34 versus 2.04 ± 0.28; p = 0.009). Delirium risk was significantly higher in patients with lower serum magnesium levels (OR 5.80 95% CI 1.450–23.222; p = 0.013), independent of multiple covariates.

Conclusion
Our data show that low serum Mg level is a good predictor of incident delirium in acute geriatric settings. Present findings have relevant implications for clinical management, highlighting the need for analyzing Mg concentration carefully. Whether Mg supplementation in patients with hypomagnesemia could lead to delirium prevention and/or control needs further investigation.
Local versus national banking development in Europe: who is the winner?
Authors: Fasano Francesco , La Rocca Maurizio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the role of local banking development, per se, in European SME debt policies, using a cross-country dataset. Moreover, it assesses whether the debt policies of SMEs are mainly driven by local or national banking development. We find that higher levels of local banking development increase the amount of debt used by SMEs. Results suggest that national banking institutions reduce the influence of local banking sectors on SME financial behavior. Several robustness and further tests validate our results, suggesting that whilst the process of international integration and digitalization of financial markets, local banking development is still relevant despite the moderating role of national banking policies. Consequently, policy makers should first and foremost allow headquarters and central banks to better support local banks in integrating national banking policies in order to reduce the financial constraints on SMEs and spur their economic growth.
Timing of fungicide application against Cercospora leaf spot disease based on aerial spore dispersal of Cercospora beticola in sugar beet
Authors: Liebe Sebastian , Imbusch Frederike , Erven Tobias , Varrelmann Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCercospora leaf spot is an important foliar disease in sugar beet caused byCercospora beticola. Tolerant cultivars are available, but application of fungicides is still mandatory for disease control. The timing of the fungicide application is crucial as it determines the outcome of disease epidemiology. A disease incidence (DI) of 5% is widely used as a threshold for fungicide application. Recently a method was developed that allows the quantification of aerial spore dispersal ofC.beticolafor measuring spore flight intensity. It was aimed in this study to prove if fungicide application based on spore flight might improve disease control compared to DI. In a field trial with artificial inoculation, a single fungicide application at the onset of spore flight slowed down disease development as indicated by reduced disease severity and aerial spore dispersal. However, it did not provide sufficient control in terms of sugar yield. Only a second fungicide application based on spore flight detection achieved an efficacy similar to two fungicide applications based on DI. In contrast, a single fungicide application based either on spore flight or DI was sufficient in two on-farm trials under natural infection with moderate disease pressure. This highlights the necessity of an early timed first fungicide application followed by a second application under high disease pressure induced by artificial inoculation. Although fungicide application based on spore flight achieved sufficient control success in on-farm trials, it seems not to improve disease control compared to the usage of DI as threshold.
Architecture’s Allagmatics
Authors: Radman Andrej 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe chapter addresses the topic of architectural intelligence whose sole purpose is to create affordances and make experience ‘stand on its own’, apart from architecture and distinct from the architect. The principles of sensation constitute the principles of composition of an existential niche whose structure reveals the genetic conditions of real experience. The argument is unpacked across three sections by reference to the Simondonian concept of allagmatics defined as the theory of operations. The first section ‘Ticks and Cats’ argues in favour of inserting an interval between the input and output, with the aim of debunking the mechanicist allegiance to linearity and promoting the concept of quasi-causality. In the second section ‘Ducks and Rabbits’ the affordance theory meets contemporary neurosciences to revamp the concept of metastability and plasticity. Its goal is to reframe the subject as the effect of (architectural) affect. The concluding radical empiricist section ‘Zebras and Flies’ revisits the lesson of the LeibnizianMonadologyto tie sense to sensibility and matter to manner. The overall ambition of the chapter is to contest the philosophy of representation through the concept of difference and multiplicity.
What Has Genomics Taught an Evolutionary Biologist?
Authors: Zhang Jianzhi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Genomics, an interdisciplinary field of biology on the structure, function, and evolution of genomes, has revolutionized many subdisciplines of life sciences, including my field of evolutionary biology, by supplying huge data, bringing high-throughput technologies, and offering a new approach to biology. In this review, I describe what I have learned from genomics and highlight the fundamental knowledge and mechanistic insights gained. I focus on three broad topics that are central to evolutionary biology and beyond—variation, interaction, and selection—and use primarily my own research and study subjects as examples. In the next decade or two, I expect that the most important contributions of genomics to evolutionary biology will be to provide genome sequences of nearly all known species on Earth, facilitate high-throughput phenotyping of natural variants and systematically constructed mutants for mapping genotype–phenotype–fitness landscapes, and assist the determination of causality in evolutionary processes using experimental evolution.