bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pyran Copolymer on Leukemogenesis in Immunosuppressed AKR Mice
Authors: Hirsch Martin S. , Black Paul H. , Wood Mary L. , Monaco Anthony P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum twice weekly from 4 months of age accelerated leukemogenesis in AKR mice. In contrast, monthly injections of Pyran copolymer retarded development of leukemia both in immunologically intact and suppressed animals of this strain. These studies provide further evidence for the absence of immunologic tolerance to viral or tumor antigens in AKR mice, and for the efficacy of Pyran copolymer as a prophylactic agent against virus-associated oncogenesis in immunosuppressed hosts.
Myelination Inhibition Factor: Its Absence in Sera from Subhuman Primates Sensitized with Myelin Basic Protein
Authors: Seil Fredrick J. , Rauch Helene C. , Einstein Elizabeth Roboz , Hamilton Ann E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced in subhuman primates by inoculation with either whole monkey brain plus Freund's adjuvant or with purified bovine myelin basic protein combined with Freund's adjuvant. Sera from the whole brain-sensitized primates, when incorporated into tissue culture nutrient medium and applied continuously to cerebellar cultures from the day of explantation on, prevented the formation of myelin in the explants. Sera from basic protein-sensitized primates, on the other hand, failed to inhibit myelination when applied in like fashion to cerebellar tissue cultures, confirming a previous demonstration of a similar lack of myelination-inhibiting activity in sera from basic protein-sensitized guinea pigs. The results suggest that the tissue culture myelination inhibition factor is induced by a component of whole central nervous system tissue other than the encephalitogenic protein.
Complement As a Regulator of Interactions Between Immune Complexes and Cell Membranes
Authors: Miller Gary W. , Nussenzweig Victor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Soluble immune complexes prepared with limited amounts of complement and injected into mice bind to circulating cells, and are then rapidly released into the plasma. The complex release is complement-dependent. Complexes prepared with excess complement do not bind to the circulating cells or to mouse lymphocytes in vitro; thus the target of the complement activity is the complex, not the cell membrane. Since complement can act to either increase or decrease the affinity of immune complexes for cell membranes, depending upon various factors, we propose that complement serves as a sensitive regulator of interactions between immune complexes and cell membranes.
Characterization of Antibodies Specific for Polyglycerophosphate
Authors: Frederick G. Thomas , Chorpenning Frank W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immunoglobulin classes of antibodies specific for polyglycerophosphate (PGP) in human, guinea pig, rabbit and rat sera detected by passive hemagglutination of antigen-coated erythrocytes were characterized by column chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, 2-mercaptoethanol sensitivity, and precipitation with monospecific antisera. All serum samples from normal (uninjected) humans and guinea pigs had anti-PGP antibodies in both the IgM and IgG classes. Normal rats were divided between those with antibodies in both classes and those with antibodies in the IgM class only. All normal rabbits had antibody in the IgM class only and produced antibody in both IgM and IgG only after injection (i.p.) of antigen. It is suggested that the results in rabbits may be due to presentation of antigen to different immunocompetent cell populations or an involvement of antigen-specific T cells in the production of the IgG antibody. All guinea pig IgG anti-PGP antibodies, whether from normal or antigen-injected animals, were restricted to the IgG1 subclass. Guinea pigs injected with certain other antigens produced antibodies in both subclasses. A hypothesis is presented to account for this difference.
Combined Detection of Human T and B Lymphocytes by Rosette Formation with Sheep Erythrocytes and Zymosan-C3 Complexes
Authors: Mendes Nelson F. , Miki Silvia S. , Peixinho Zulma F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new method for detecting human complement receptor (B) lymphocytes by utilizing rosette formation with zymosan particles treated with mouse complement (ZC) has been described in this paper. The method has been compared with rosette formation with human erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit antibody and mouse complement (HEAC). T cells have been detected by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E). The combined detection of both B and T lymphocytes could be performed by using as indicator a mixture of ZC and E. Mean percentage values for E and ZC were 60.5 and 15.2 by using the combined determination to study lymphocytes from 30 normal subjects. The mean percentage value for HEAC was 19.5. Only a small proportion of lymphocytes (1 to 2%) formed mixed rosettes with ZC and E. This paper further demonstrates the use of this combined indicator for the study of the distribution of B and T cells in tissue sections.
The Inactivation of Human C1 by Benzamidine and Pyridinium Sulfonylfluorides
Authors: Bing David H. , Cory Michael , Doll Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Affinity chromatographically purified C1̄ was demonstrated to be inhibitable by a variety of benzamidine and pyridinium fluorosulfonyl-substituted compounds. Four of the compounds tested afforded greater than 50% inhibition at concentrations between 10-6 and 10-5 M. The data indicated that inhibition was greatest with those compounds which contained a substituted benzamidine and sulfonyl-fluoride group. The site of action was the esterase activity associated with the C1.
Human Lymphocyte Membrane Immunoglobulin as a Reflection of Maturation
Authors: James Karen K. , Hurtubise Paul E. , Macpherson Colin R. , Murphy Samuel G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes can be divided into two subpopulations on the basis of surface antigens and membrane receptors. It is generally well recognized that lymphocytes that contain readily detectable surface or membrane-bound immunoglobulin (M-Ig)3 are B lymphocytes (1). The published data on the normal range of B lymphocytes in various studies have not taken into account the possibility of age-related changes in the number and class distribution of human B lymphocytes (2–12). This study was designed to investigate both the number and class distribution of M-Ig on human B lymphocytes obtained from normal subjects in the 1st through the 8th decade of life.
The following points are demonstrated: 1) Children (ages 1 to 10) have B lymphocytes bearing IgM (M-IgM) in significantly greater numbers than adults ages 21 to 90 (t = 6.03, p &lt; 0.001). 2) Lymphocytes bearing IgG (M-IgG) in children appear decreased when compared to adults (t = 2.37, p &lt; 0.02).
Separation of T and B Lymphocytes by Nylon Wool Columns: Evaluation of Efficacy by Functional Assays in Vivo
Authors: Trizio Domenico , Cudkowicz Gustavo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A study was made of antibody-forming cell precursors (B cells) and thymus-derived helper cells (T cells) of mouse spleen filtered through nylon wool columns. Two populations of spleen cells were separated: effluent cells nonadhering to the nylon fibers, and nylon-adherent cells which could be eluted from the columns by mechanical agitation. The presence or absence of functional lymphocytes was demonstrated by transplantation into irradiated syngeneic recipients, challenge with antigen, and assay for specific antibody-forming cells. By transplanting each of the column-filtered subpopulations separately, in combination, and with either bone marrow or thymus cells (known sources of B or T lymphocytes, respectively), it was possible to establish that B and T cells were separated by the column filtration; the effluent population was enriched with functional helper cells and depleted of precursor cells, whereas the nylon-adherent population was enriched with competent precursors and depleted of helpers.
Type-Specific Antibodies in Human Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections of the Eye
Authors: Briones Odeon C. , Hanna Lavelle , Jawetz Ernest , Dawson Chandler R. , Ostler H. Bruce 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sera from humans with ocular chlamydial infections were examined for type-specific antibodies by immunofluorescence before and after extensive cross-absorption with type-specific antigens of Chlamydia trachomatis. In trachoma-inclusion conjunctivitis infections ascribable to types C, A, or F, and occasionally types B and E, the antibody response was so narrow and specific as to make serologic diagnosis of the infecting agent feasible. In other ocular or oculongenital infections with types B, Ba, E, and D, and with lymphogranuloma venereum, there was only a broad antibody pattern. In experimental infections with types F or D, the initial antibody response of volunteers was narrowly directed at the dominant type-specific antigen of the infecting strain; then it broadened with time to include cross-reactive antibodies. In sequential infections with different types, the antibody to the first infecting type was recalled to a higher level by the second, heterotypic infection. In some individuals, treatment with tetracycline drugs resulted both in regression of clinical activity and decrease in antibody titer. Perhaps such a serologic response may indicate loss of antigen and cure.
Studies on Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Stone Marvin J. , Fedak Jennifer E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Factors influencing the precipitation of a mixed cryoglobulin formed by the interaction of a Waldenström macroglobulin antibody (IgMSie) with its antigen (human IgG) have been studied. Binding of FabµSie fragments to a G1, κ myeloma protein in the analytical ultracentrifuge showed that the IgG antigen was effectively univalent. Consequently, IgM(IgG)10 is the largest potential complex that can form in this system. Experiments performed by the method of equilibrium molecular sieving demonstrated that primary affinity of antibody combining site for antigenic determinant exhibits modest temperature dependence similar to that observed in other antigen-antibody systems. Solvent ionic strength and change in pH near neutrality did not significantly alter the association constant. By contrast, precipitation of the IgMSie-IgG complex was profoundly affected by variation in temperature, ionic strength, and pH. Larger complexes were required for precipitation to occur when the reaction was carried out under non-optimal environmental conditions or when certain IgG antigens were employed. These results indicate that the cryoprecipitating phenomenon is explicable by the finite size and limited solubility of the IgM-IgG immune complexes.
Resistance to Tumor Growth Mediated by Listeria Monocytogenes. Destruction of Experimental Malignant Melanoma by Lm-Activated Peritoneal and Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Youdim Said 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A murine experimental model of nonspecific tumor destruction mediated by cells activated by Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is described. B16 melanoma growth is prevented or suppressed in the syngeneic host when tumor cells are inoculated in contact with viable LM. In vitro, cultured B16 cells are destroyed by LM immune peritoneal or splenic cells in the presence of the bacterial antigen(s). Activation of LM immune cells in vitro is immunologically specific. Replacement of LM by sheep red blood cells or bovine serum albumin in the in vitro cultures aborts the cytotoxic effect. Further, no tumor cell killing is obtained when thioglycollate-induced or normal peritoneal cells are substituted for LM immune cells in the in vitro cultures. Normal spleen cells in the presence of LM are weakly cytotoxic for B16 cells. Normal peritoneal cells plus LM or LM alone are not. Elimination of thymus derived “T” cells by anti-θ C3H or rabbit anti-mouse brain serum (RAMB) abrogated the cytotoxic effect. Therefore, LM-induced tumor destruction probably occurs through nonspecific mechanism(s) consequent to activation of host “T” cells by specific immune reactivity to LM antigen(s).
Antibody in the Sera of Tumor-Bearing Mice that Mediates Spleen Cell Cytotoxicity toward the Autologous Tumor
Authors: Blair Phyllis B. , Lane Mary-Anne , Mar Pearl 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pretreatment of MTV-induced BALB/cfC3H mammary tumor cells with autologous serum results in increased spleen cell cytotoxic activity and the recruitment of previously inactive spleen cells to cytotoxic activity against the target cells. These recruiting antibodies are tumor-specific for individual tumors; pretreatment with such serum of target cells of an MTV-induced mammary tumor obtained from a different BALB/cfC3H female results in blocking of spleen cell activity. The autologous recruiting factors are active at dilutions of 1000 or more of whole serum and are found in the 19S fraction after gel filtration.
Effect of Lectins on the Levels of cAMP and cGMP in Guinea Pig Lymphocytes: Early Responses of Lymph Node Cells to Mitogenic and Non-Mitogenic Lectins
Authors: Burleson David G. , Sage Harvey J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes were reacted with two mitogenic lectins (LcL-A or PHA) and two nonmitogenic lectins (AbL or WGA), and the levels of cAMP and cGMP were determined during 30 min of culture. Various concentrations of LcL-A and PHA caused modest (1.5 to 2-fold) rises in cAMP levels. However, the rise in cAMP did not correlate with the degree of mitogenicity. AbL caused a greater rise in cAMP than the mitogenic lectins whereas WGA had no effect on cAMP levels. None of the four lectins causes an appreciable (i.e., greater than 1.5-fold) change in cGMP levels. There does not seem to be any positive correlation between early changes of cAMP and/or cGMP and mitogenesis.
Adjuvant Regulation of T Cell Function
Authors: Reinisch Carol L. , Gleiner Nancy A. , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) on distinct T cell functions was investigated. Adjuvant was found to suppres the generation of cytolytic T cells in vivo when mixed with allogeneic P815 cells before immunization of C57BL/6 mice. Inoculation of the mice with either adjuvant or adjuvant emulsified with allogeneic cells resulted in whole splenic populations or immunoabsorbent-purified T cells that did not generate cytolytic activity in vitro against allogeneic cells. Mixing T cells from normal and adjuvant-treated mice before in vitro sensitization resulted in suppression of lytic activity. However, memory T cells were not subject to the same suppressive regulation as were precytotoxic T cells since adjuvant had no effect on subsequent boosting of memory.
Adjuvant augmented the humoral response to allogeneic cells since immunization of mice with P815 cells in adjuvant resulted in prolonged cytotoxic antibody levels. This response was predominantly IgG, reflecting the enhanced activity of another T cell subpopulation, helper T cells.
We conclude that the effect of adjuvant is compartmentalized among T cell subpopulations. Activity of precytotoxic T cells is diminished by suppressor cells, whereas helper T cell function is augmented. Memory T cells do not appear to be under the same regulatory control as precytotoxic cells since adjuvant does not suppress the boosting of memory T cell responses in vitro.
Generation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Vitro
Authors: Fitch Frank W. , Engers Howard D. , Cerottini Jean-Charles , Bruner K. Theodor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Irradiated cells obtained from MLC at the peak of the CTL response caused profound suppression of generation of CTL when added in small numbers at the initiation of primary MLC prepared with normal spleen cells. The inhibitory activity of the MLC cells was not affected by irradiation (1000 rads) but was abolished by treatment with anti-θ serum and complement. The suppression was immunologically specific. The response of A (H-2a) spleen cells toward C3H (H-2k) alloantigens was suppressed by irradiated MLC cells obtained from MLC prepared with A spleen cells and irradiated C3H-stimulating cells, whereas the response of A spleen cells toward DBA/2 (H-2d) alloantigens was affected relatively little. However, if irradiated C3H × DBA/2 F1 hybrid spleen cells were used to stimulate A spleen cells in MLC, addition of irradiated MLC cells having cytotoxic activity toward C3H antigens abolished the response to both C3H and DBA/2 antigens. The response to DBA/2 antigens was much less affected when a mixture of irradiated C3H and DBA/2 spleen cells was used as stimulating cells. Thus, the presence of MLC cells having cytotoxic activity toward one alloantigen abolished the response to another non-cross-reacting antigen only when both antigens were present on the same F1 hybridstimulating cells. This suppression of generation of CTL by irradiated MLC cells apparently involves inactivation of alloantigen-bearing stimulating cells as a result of residual cytotoxic activity of the irradiated MLC cells. This mechanism may be active during the decline in CTL activity noted in the normal immune response in vivo and in vitro.
Humoral Immunity in Aged Mice
Authors: Segre Diego , Segre Mariangela 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mixed cultures of DNP-primed spleen cells from old and young BC3F1 mice in diffusion chambers yielded significantly fewer secondary PFC than expected from the numbers of PFC found when young and old spleen cells were cultured alone. There was a negative correlation between the log of the number of PFC found in cultures of old spleen cells alone and the degree of immunosuppression exerted by the cells. The immunosuppressive effect was abolished by pretreatment of the old spleen cells with anti-θ serum and complement. Thus, the effect was attributed to the presence of large numbers of suppressor T cells in the spleen of primed old mice. No suppression was found in mixed cultures of spleen cells from old unimmunized mice and young primed mice.
Genetic Control of Immune Response against Random Copolymers of Glutamic Acid and Alanine (GA) and Tyrosine (GT) in Inbred Mice
Authors: Merryman Carmen F. , Muarer Paul H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An immune response (Ir) gene(s) controlling responses to synthetic random copolymers of two amino acids of glutamic acid and alanine (GA) in mice has been well documented. This specific Ir gene is linked to the major histocompatibility complex of the species. Mice of the H-2a, b, d, f, k, r and s haplotypes produce high titer antibodies and thus are high responders; whereas mice of the H-2 haplotypes j, ja, p and q produce no detectable antibody and are nonresponders. The response is “all or none” and high response is dominant.
Attempts to detect an Ir-GT gene (glutamic acid and tyrosine) after immunization with two GT random copolymers were unsuccessful. However, GT antibody could be produced after immunization with GT-methylated bovine serum albumin aggregates.
Visual Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen on Surfaces
Authors: Giaever Ivar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An attempt is made to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at clinically interesting concentrations by using a simple immunologic surface test. Antibodies to CEA are detected in a direct test at concentrations below 1 ng/ml. The sensitivity of this assay is mainly limited by diffusion to the reacting surface. CEA is detected in an inhibition test at concentrations down to 20 ng/ml. The sensitivity of this inhibition test is limited by the average equilibrium constant in solution of the antibody-antigen reaction.
An IgG-Fc Receptor Induced in Cytomegalovirus-Infected Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Keller Robert , Peitchel Ricki , Goldman John N. , Goldman Margaret 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cytomegalovirus- (CMV) infected cultured human fibroblasts incubated with normal human serum were shown to react with IgG by direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests. The binding of IgG to infected cells was unrelated to the presence of anti-CMV complement fixing (CF) antibodies and was not observed with uninfected cells. The reaction was first observed 36 hr after infection as diffuse cytoplasmic staining which by 72 hr became localized into a dense perinuclear structure. The cytoplasmic fluorescence was not detected with anti-IgA or anti-IgM fluorescent conjugates. The reaction was seen with purified IgG and Fc fragments but was only minimally detectable with Fab fragments. It occurred in fibroblasts infected with three standard laboratory strains of CMV and seven recent CMV isolates from patients and was observed in six separate lots of human foreskin fibroblast cultures as well as in WI-38 cells. We conclude that CMV infection induces the formation of a IgG receptor in human fibroblasts.
A New Alloantigenic System Associated with the Mls Locus in the Mouse
Authors: Tonkonogy Susan L. , Winn Henry J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An antiserum prepared by injecting C3H/HeJ mice with CBA/J tissues has been shown to react with cell surface components that are not part of any previously described system of serologically detectable alloantigens. The antiserum, which is designated AST-101, acts selectively in cytotoxic tests carried out with lymphoid cells, killing B cells, but not T cells. Phagocytic cells found in peritoneal exudates are also killed by AST-101 and complement in vitro; the sensitivity of other cell types has not been determined. Strain distribution does not indicate any association of the AST-101 system with H-2, Ly, or Thy systems; genetic analysis reveals close linkage with the mouse minor MLC-stimulating (Mls) locus. Serologic analysis also points to a close association between antigens reactive with AST-101 and the products of the Mls genes.
Factors Influencing the Isolation of Membrane Immunoglobulins from T and B Lymphocytes
Authors: Cone Robert E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The optimal conditions for the extraction and isolation of immunoglobulins from the cell membrane (M-Ig) of T and B lymphocytes radioiodinated with lactoperoxidase were studied. A combination of 10 M-urea, 1.5 M acetic acid and the non-ionic detergents Triton X-100 or Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) was found to overcome the tendency for membrane proteins to precipitate after extraction in urea-acetic acid alone. However, detection of T cell Ig was more dependent on detergent concentration than B cell M-Ig. Less T cell Ig was detected when the detergent concentration was increased from 0.1% to 1.0%, whereas the amount of B cell M-Ig was not affected by higher detergent concentrations. All polyvalent and anti-κ-chain antisera tested reacted with T and B cell M-Ig, however, anti-µ-chain sera bound B cell M-Ig only. Disc electrophoresis (PAGE) of reduced and alkylated T M-Ig revealed polypeptide chains with mobilities of Ig µ and L chains and additional polypeptides with apparent m.w. of 45,000 and 30,000. The latter two polypeptides were present in nonspecific precipitates also. PAGE analysis of B cell M-Ig revealed µ-chains, a second heavy chain with an apparent m.w. of 65,000 as well as L chains, and, in addition, polypeptides with apparent m.w. of 45,000 and 30,000.
It is suggested that T cell immunoglobulin is structurally distinct from B cell membrane Ig and may share some properties characteristic of integral membrane proteins.