bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimalist Design of Wireframe DNA Nanotubes: Tunable Geometry, Size, Chirality, and Dynamics
Authors: Luo Xin , Saliba Daniel , Yang Tianxiao , Gentile Serena , Mori Keita , Islas Patricia , Das Trishalina , Bagheri Neda , Porchetta Alessandro , Guarne Alba , Cosa Gonzalo , Sleiman Hanadi F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDNA nanotubes (NTs) have attracted extensive interest as artificial cytoskeletons for biomedical, synthetic biology, and materials applications. Here, we report the modular design and assembly of a minimalist yet robust DNA wireframe nanotube with tunable cross‐sectional geometry, cavity size, chirality, and length, while using only four DNA strands. We introduce an h‐motif structure incorporating double‐crossover (DX) tile‐like DNA edges to achieve structural rigidity and provide efficient self‐assembly of h‐motif‐based DNA nanotube (H‐NT) units, thus producing programmable, micrometer‐long nanotubes. We demonstrate control of the H‐NT nanotube length via short DNA modulators. Finally, we use an enzyme, RNase H, to take these structures out of equilibrium and trigger nanotube assembly at a physiologically relevant temperature, underlining future cellular applications. The minimalist H‐NTs can assemble at near‐physiological salt conditions and will serve as an easily synthesized, DNA‐economical modular template for biosensors, plasmonics, or other functional materials and as cost‐efficient drug‐delivery vehicles for biomedical applications.
Nitrate rejection of sulfonic acid group incorporated polyethersulfone‐type nanofiltration membrane and reutilization of the concentrated solution
Authors: Li Zeya , Wang Xiuli , Zhang Qinglei , Zhai Mingyu , Yang Shuqin , Li Xida , Yang Sirui , Wu Xin , Song Laizhou 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology has attracted considerable attention for the rejection removal of various salts. However, the practical application of this membrane separation process has been severely retarded due to the ineffective rejection of monovalent ions (such as nitrate and chloride), undesirable filtration flux, and insufficient disposal of the concentrated solution. In this work, three polyethersulfone‐type NF membranes were fabricated and their morphologies, functional groups, chemical components, wettabilities, chargeabilities, and rejection molecular weights were characterized. Among them, the membrane of NF_M3 bearing sulfonic acid group (SO3H) shows the desirable rejection efficiency of nitrate (90.32%), acceptable solution filtration flux (10.15 L m−2 h−1 at 0.6 MPa), and the decent pure water permeation flux (50.8 L m−2 h−1 at 0.6 MPa). The introduction of SO3H can significantly enhance the performances of NF_M3 membrane in hydrophilicity, chargeability, anti‐fouling, and the oxidation resistance. Promisingly, the concentrated nitrate was ingeniously recycled for the electrochemical intercalation of flake graphite to prepare expandable graphite, and the obtained expanded graphite has an acceptable expanded volume (243 mL g−1 via the microwave expansion process), thereby achieving the resource utilization of NF concentrated solution.
Enhancement of sustainable fused deposition modeling 3D‐printing with agave Americana fiber‐reinforced poly(lactic) acid biofilaments
Authors: da Silva Neto Thalita , de Freitas João Vitor Gomes , Barbosa Rennan F. S. , Medeiros Simone F. , Rosa Derval S. , Mulinari Daniella R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of eco‐friendly biocomposites has been growing recently to obtain green fillers capable of reducing bioplastic costs without compromising the material processability and performance. This paper aims to study the effect of using different Agave America fiber volume ratios on the morphological, chemical, and thermal properties, contact angle, and hardness of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) filament for 3D printing. Sustainable biofilaments of PLA filled with 10 and 5 wt% of Agave Americana fiber were prepared in a thermokinetic mixer and extruded in a machine, and then used to print testing samples using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer. Biofilaments were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The addition of fiber did not significantly influence the biofilament's diameter and density compared to pure PLA. On the other hand, it influenced printed biofilaments' thermal stability and morphological characteristics. The biocomposites developed have shown enhancement in their shore hardness. Thus, the use of Agave Americana fiber reinforced in a PLA matrix did not compromise its thermal properties, nor its processability and printability, which could open the possibility of future research with a biocomposite with higher fiber content and an environmentally friendly alternative over traditional filler materials.
Effects of B Cell Depletion by CD19‐Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in a Murine Model of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Avouac Jérôme , Cauvet Anne , Orvain Cindy , Boulch Morgane , Tilotta Françoise , Tu Ly , Thuillet Raphaël , Ottaviani Mina , Guignabert Christophe , Bousso Philippe , Allanore Yannick 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveOur goal was to study the tolerance and efficacy of two B cell depletion strategies, including one with CD19‐targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, in a preclinical model mimicking the severe lung damages observed in systemic sclerosis.MethodsB cell depletion strategies were evaluated in the Fra‐2 transgenic (Tg) mouse model. We considered a first group of 16 untreated mice, a second group of 15 mice receiving a single dose of anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), and a third group of 8 mice receiving CD19‐targeted CAR‐T cells in combination with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody. After six weeks of clinical evaluation, different validated markers of inflammation, lung fibrosis, and pulmonary vascular remodeling were assessed.ResultsCD19‐targeted CAR‐T cells infusion in combination with anti‐CD20 mAb resulted in a deeper B cell depletion than anti‐CD20 mAb alone in the peripheral blood and lesional lungs of Fra‐2 Tg mice. CAR‐T cell infusion worsened the clinical score and increased mortality in Fra‐2 Tg mice. In line with the above findings, CAR‐T cell infusion significantly increased lung collagen content, the histological fibrosis score, and right ventricular systolic pressure. CAR‐T cells accumulated in lesional lungs and promoted T activation and inflammatory cytokine production. Treatment with anti‐CD20 mAb in monotherapy had no impact on lung inflammation–driven fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension.ConclusionB cell therapies failed to show efficacy in the Fra2 Tg mice. The exacerbated Fra‐2 lung inflammatory burden stimulated accumulation and expansion of activated CD19‐targeted CAR‐T cells, secondarily inducing T cell activation and systemic inflammation, finally leading to disease worsening.
Exploring the therapeutic mechanisms of Sijunzi decoction in the treatment of sarcopenia: Key targets and signaling pathways
Authors: Dai Jin , Wang Haifeng , Jiang Libin , Zhang Fuying , Lin Jin , Wang Ling , Yang Jun , Wang Xiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSarcopenia, an age‐associated condition, negatively impacts the quality of life. This study investigates the mechanism of Sijunzi decoction (SJZD), a traditional Chinese formula, against sarcopenia. Active compounds and potential targets of SJZD for sarcopenia were gathered from databases. Hub targets were identified using protein–protein interaction networks, with GO and KEGG analyses suggesting potential pathways. Molecular docking was used to assess compound–target affinity. A lipopolysaccharide‐induced sarcopenia rat model was used to verify the targets. Sijunzi decoction contains 92 compounds and 47 targets for sarcopenia. The top 10 hub targets comprise AKT1, ALB, INS, IL6, TNF, TP53, VEGFA, SIRT1, CAT and FOS. GO and KEGG analyses indicate involvement in steroid hormone response, vesicle lumen, receptor agonist activity, and FoxO and HIF‐1 signaling pathways. Validation experiments showed that SJZD alleviates sarcopenia by downregulating SIRT1, IL‐6, TNF and AKT1. Sijunzi decoction treats sarcopenia by targeting SIRT1, IL‐6, TNF and AKT1, potentially involving FoxO and HIF‐1 signaling pathways. This highlights SJZD’s potential for sarcopenia treatment.
High compassion predicts fewer sleep difficulties: A general population study with an 11‐year follow‐up
Authors: Tolonen Iina , Saarinen Aino , Puttonen Sampsa , Kähönen Mika , Hintsanen Mirka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigated the cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between self‐reported compassion and sleep quality.MethodsThe data came from the population‐based Young Finns Study with an 11‐year follow‐up on compassion and sleep (n = 1064). We used regression models, multilevel models, and cross‐lagged panel models to analyze the data.ResultsThe results showed that high compassion was cross‐sectionally associated with lesser sleep deficiency and fewer sleep difficulties. High compassion also predicted fewer sleep difficulties over an 11‐year follow‐up (adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic position in childhood and adulthood, body mass index, health behaviors, and working conditions). This association disappeared when controlling for depressive symptoms. The predictive pathway seemed to proceed more likely from high compassion to fewer sleep difficulties than vice versa.DiscussionCompassion may buffer against sleep difficulties, possibly via reducing depressive symptoms.
Co‐opted board, environment, social and governance
Authors: Maneenop Sakkakom , Padungsaksawasdi Chaiyuth , Treepongkaruna Sirimon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe ultimate goal shared by society is sustainable development, a process of addressing current needs without sacrificing resources of future generations. To achieve sustainability, companies should consider of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) in their stakeholder engagement process. Investment in ESG activities is unavoidably decided at the board, making board characteristics become crucial for sustainability. We explore the effect of co‐opted directors, appointed after the incumbent CEO assumes office, on corporate ESG performance. Our findings show that firms with co‐opted directors tend to have poorer ESG performance. Investing in ESG is a long‐run corporate policy. Consistent with the managerial myopia hypothesis, the co‐opted directors, representing weaker governance mechanisms with ineffective monitoring roles, provide managers fewer incentives to invest in the long run. We address endogeneity concerns by conducting instrumental variable analyses.
A deep learning‐based interpretable decision tool for predicting high risk of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients prescribed highly emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Jingyue , Cui Xudong , Yang Chong , Zhong Diansheng , Sun Yinjuan , Yue Xiaoxiong , Lan Gaoshuang , Zhang Linlin , Lu Liangfu , Yuan Hengjie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to develop a risk prediction model for chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and identify the variables that have the most significant impact on prediction.MethodsData from Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were collected and subjected to stepwise data preprocessing. Deep learning algorithms, including deep forest, and typical machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM), categorical boosting (CatBoost), random forest, decision tree, and neural network were used to develop the prediction model. After training the model and conducting hyperparameter optimization (HPO) through cross‐validation in the training set, the performance was evaluated using the test set. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), partial dependence plot (PDP), and Local Interpretable Model‐Agnostic Explanations (LIME) techniques were employed to explain the optimal model. Model performance was assessed using AUC, F1 score, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and Brier score.ResultsThe deep forest model exhibited good discrimination, outperforming typical machine learning models, with an AUC of 0.850 (95%CI, 0.780–0.919), an F1 score of 0.757, an accuracy of 0.852, a specificity of 0.863, a sensitivity of 0.784, and a Brier score of 0.082. The top five important features in the model were creatinine clearance (Ccr), age, gender, anticipatory nausea and vomiting, and antiemetic regimen. Among these, Ccr had the most significant predictive value. The risk of CINV decreased with increased Ccr and age, while it was higher in the presence of anticipatory nausea and vomiting, female gender, and non‐standard antiemetic regimen.ConclusionThe deep forest model demonstrated good discrimination in predicting the risk of CINV in cancer patients prescribed HEC. Kidney function, as represented by Ccr, played a crucial role in the model's prediction. The clinical application of this predictive tool can help assess individual risks and improve patient care by proactively optimizing the use of antiemetics in cancer patients receiving HEC.
Physical based motion reconstruction from videos using musculoskeletal model
Authors: Sun Libo , Tian Rui , Qin Wenhu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel method that combines human pose estimation and physical simulation of character animation. Our approach allows characters to learn from the actor's skills captured in videos and subsequently reconstruct the motions with high fidelity in a physically simulated environment. Firstly, we model the character based on the human musculoskeletal system and build a complete dynamics model of the proposed system using the Lagrange equations of motion. Next, we employ the pose estimation method to process the input video and generate human reference motion. Finally, we design a hierarchical control framework consisting of a trajectory tracking layer and a muscle control layer. The trajectory tracking layer aims to minimize the difference between the reference motion pose and the actual output pose, while the muscle control layer aims to minimize the difference between the target torque and the actual output muscle force. The two layers interact by passing parameters through a proportional differential controller until the desired learning objective is achieved. A series of complex experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can learn to produce comparable high‐quality motions with high similarity from videos of different complexity levels and remains stable in the presence of muscle contracture weakness perturbations.
Management ofPALB2‐associated breast cancer: A literature review and case report
Authors: Toss Angela , Ponzoni Ornella , Riccò Beatrice , Piombino Claudia , Moscetti Luca , Combi Francesca , Palma Enza , Papi Simona , Tenedini Elena , Tazzioli Giovanni , Dominici Massimo , Cortesi Laura 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessageGermline pathogenic variants (PV) of thePALB2tumor suppressor gene are associated with an increased risk of breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. In previous research,PALB2‐associated breast cancer showed aggressive clinicopathological phenotypes, particularly triple‐negative subtype, and higher mortality regardless of tumor stage, type of chemotherapy nor hormone receptor status. The identification of this germline alteration may have an impact on clinical management of breast cancer (BC) from the surgical approach to the systemic treatment choice. We herein report the case of a patient with a germline PV ofPALB2, diagnosed with locally advanced PD‐L1 positive triple‐negative BC, who progressed after an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐containing regimen and then experienced a pathologic complete response after platinum‐based chemotherapy. This case report hints a major role of the germlinePALB2alteration compared to the PD‐L1 expression as cancer driver and gives us the opportunity to extensively review and discuss the available literature on the optimal management ofPALB2‐associated BC. Overall, our case report and review of the literature provide additional evidence that the germline analysis ofPALB2gene should be included in routine genetic testing for predictive purposes and to refine treatment algorithms.
Metal‐Free Electrochemical Reduction of Disulfides in an Undivided Cell under Mass Transfer Control
Authors: Malviya Bhanwar K. , Hansen Eric C. , Kong Caleb J. , Imbrogno Joseph , Verghese Jenson , Guinness Steven M. , Salazar Chase A. , Desrosiers Jean‐Nicolas , Kappe C. Oliver , Cantillo David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElectroorganic synthesis is generally considered to be a green alternative to conventional redox reactions. Electrochemical reductions, however, are less advantageous in terms of sustainability, as sacrificial metal anodes are often employed. Divided cell operation avoids contact of the reduction products with the anode and allows for convenient solvent oxidation, enabling metal free greener electrochemical reductions. However, the ion exchange membranes required for divided cell operation on a commercial scale are not amenable to organic solvents, which hinders their applicability. Herein, we demonstrate that electrochemical reduction of oxidatively sensitive compounds can be carried out in an undivided cell without sacrificial metal anodes by controlling the mass transport to a small surface area electrode. The concept is showcased by an electrochemical method for the reductive cleavage of aryl disulfides. Fine tuning of the electrode surface area and current density has enabled the preparation of a wide variety of thiols without formation of any oxidation side products. This strategy is anticipated to encourage further research on greener, metal free electrochemical reductions.
CO2‐Free Calcium Carbide Manufacturing: Demanded Strategy in the Carbon‐Neutral Chemical Industry
Authors: Samoylenko Dmitriy E. , Rodygin Konstantin S. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive SummaryCalcium carbide is considered a possible key component in the sustainable carbon cycle, including convenient recycling of carbon wastes to industrial uptake. However, currently employed CaC2 manufacturing process produces significant amounts of CO2. One of the main factors of its appearance is the formation of carbon oxide during the reaction. The reaction of lime ore with coal inevitably results in the formation of CO and the loss of one carbon atom. CO is usually burnt, forming CO2 to maintain the required high temperature during synthesis – 2200 °C. In the present study, we discuss that the use of calcium metal instead of lime represents a good opportunity to prevent CO2 emission since the reaction of Ca with carbon occurs in an atom‐efficient manner and results in only CaC2 at a much lower temperature of 1100 °C. Here, the reaction of Ca with carbon was successfully tested to synthesize CaC2. The desired product was isolated in gram‐scale amounts in 97.2% yield and 99% purity. The environmental friendliness of the proposed method originates from the calculations of the E‐factor. Rationalization is provided concerning the cost factor of Ca within the considered process.
PY‐IT, an Excellent Polymer Acceptor†
Authors: Bai Qingqing , Liang Qiming , Liu Qian , Liu Bin , Guo Xugang , Niu Li , Sun Huiliang 
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive SummaryAll‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their inherent advantages over other types of organic solar cells, including superior optical and thermal stability, as well as exceptional mechanical durability. Recently, all‐PSCs have experienced remarkable advancements in device performance thanks to the invention of polymerized small‐molecule acceptors (PSMAs) since 2017. Among these PSMAs, PY‐IT has garnered immense interest from the scientific community due to its exceptional performance in all‐PSCs. In this review, we presented the design principles of PY‐IT and discussed the various strategies employed in device engineering for PY‐IT‐based all‐PSCs. These strategies include additive and interface engineering, layer‐by‐layer processing methods, meniscus‐assisted coating methods, and ternary strategy. Furthermore, this review highlighted several novel polymeric donor materials that are paired with PY‐IT to achieve efficient all‐PSCs. Lastly, we summarized the inspiring strategies for further advancing all‐PSCs based on PY‐IT. These strategies aim to enhance the overall performance and stability of all‐PSCs by exploring new materials, optimizing device architectures, and improving fabrication techniques. By leveraging these approaches, we anticipate significant progress in the development of all‐PSCs and their potential as a viable renewable energy source.
Coordinated Axial Ligand and d‐π Conjugated Network Makes the Difference: Engineered 2D Mn‐Based Antioxidase Mimic for Enhancing Stem Cell Protection
Authors: Fatrekar Adarsh P. , Sreeram Swathi , Vernekar Amit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) refer to various partially reduced oxygen moieties that are naturally generated due to biochemical processes. Elevated formation of ROS leads to damage to biomolecules, resulting in oxidative stress and cell death. The increased level of ROS also affects therapeutics based on stem cell transplantation. Nanomaterials‐based enzyme mimetics have attracted immense attention, but there are several challenges to be addressed in terms of selectivity, efficiency, and biocompatibility. This highlight focuses on a recent investigation by Cheng and coworkers, who engineered an Mn‐superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD)‐inspired material with Mn‐N5 sites having an axial ligand and 2D d‐π‐conjugated network. This engineering approach enhances antioxidase‐like function and effectively rescues stem cells from ROS. In addition, it also protects osteogenesis‐related gene transcription, ensuring survival rates and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs under ROS environment. This versatile and robust artificial antioxidase holds promise for stem cell therapies and ROS‐originated diseases.
Neuroarchitecture of the central complex in the Madeira cockroach Rhyparobia maderae: Pontine and columnar neuronal cell types
Authors: Jahn Stefanie , Althaus Vanessa , Heckmann Jannik , Janning Mona , Seip Ann‐Katrin , Takahashi Naomi , Grigoriev Clara , Kolano Juliana , Homberg Uwe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInsects have evolved remarkable abilities to navigate over short distances and during long‐range seasonal migrations. The central complex (CX) is a navigation center in the insect brain that controls spatial orientation and directed locomotion. It is composed of the protocerebral bridge (PB), the upper (CBU) and lower (CBL) division of the central body, and a pair of noduli. While most of its functional organization and involvement in head‐direction coding has been obtained from work on flies, bees, and locusts that largely rely on vision for navigation, little contribution has been provided by work on nocturnal species. To close this gap, we have investigated the columnar organization of the CX in the cockroach Rhyparobia maderae. Rhyparobia maderae is a highly agile nocturnal insect that relies largely but not exclusively on antennal information for navigation. A particular feature of the cockroach CX is an organization of the CBU and CBL into interleaved series of eight and nine columns. Single‐cell tracer injections combined with imaging and 3D analysis revealed five systems of pontine neurons connecting columns along the vertical and horizontal axis and 18 systems of columnar neurons with topographically organized projection patterns. Among these are six types of neurons with no correspondence in other species. Many neurons send processes into the anterior lip, a brain area highly reduced in bees and unknown in flies. While sharing many features with the CX in other species, the cockroach CX shows some unique attributes that may be related to the ecological niche of this insect.