bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and morphological characterization of fungi isolated from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: ARIFAH FITRI , AINI LUQMAN QURATA , MUHIBUDDIN ANTON 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Arifah F, Aini LQ, Muhibuddin A. 2023. Molecular and morphological characterization of fungi isolated from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 441-453. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is one of the predominant commodities from Indonesia exported to the EU market. However, it is frequently rejected due to mycotoxin (especially aflatoxin) content exceeding the aflatoxin standard set by the EU. The high levels of aflatoxin were hypothesized to be produced by a toxigenic fungus infecting nutmeg during and after harvest. The study aims to determine and identify fungal contaminants in nutmeg kernels and provide information on the types of mycotoxins produced. Ten fungal morphotypes were isolated from nutmeg kernels collected from North Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, and were grouped into four genera (Aspergillus, Lasiodiplodia, Rhizopus, and Penicillium) based on morphological characters. Ten fungal morphotypes were identified, i.e., Aspergillus flavus (Groups I and II), A. tamarii (Groups I and II), A. niger, A. aculeatus, A. ochraceus, Lasiodiplodia sp., Rhizopus delemar, and Penicillium sp. Isolates of A. flavus and A. tamarii were divided into two groups based on slight differences in their colony appearances. Molecular identification using homology of 18S rDNA sequences and ITS regions supports morphological identification except for isolates of A. flavus (Groups I and II), Lasiodiplodia sp., and Penicillium sp. These isolates were identified as A. nomiae and A. aflatoxiformans (A. autswikcii), L. theobromae, and P. citrinum. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showed that isolates from the same species were grouped in the same clade. The L. theobromae was the most dominant type of fungus in the nutmeg kernels (55.61%), followed by A. niger (23.8%) and A. tamarii (10.53%). It is the first report of A. aflatoxiformans or A. autswikcii in nutmeg kernels, and no incidence of L. theobromae in nutmeg kernels from Indonesia previously.
Detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in cow milk and hands of farmers in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: KHAIRULLAH ASWIN RAFIF , KURNIAWAN SHENDY CANADYA , SUDJARWO SRI AGUS , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , AFNANI DANIAH ASHRI , SILAEN OTTO SAHAT MARTUA , PUTRA GIOVANNI DWI SYAHNI , RIWU KATTY HENDRIANA PRISCILIA , WIDODO AGUS , RAMANDINIANTO SANCAKA CHASYER 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Afnani DA, Silaen OSM, Putra GDS, Riwu KHP, Widodo A, Ramandinianto SC. 2023. Detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci in cow milk and hands of farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 658-664. Cow milk is a nutrient-dense food containing various nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, fat, and protein. However, it can potentially spread several pathogenic bacteria, such as staphylococci. Staphylococci cause public health problems. Staphylococcal strains were divided into two groups based on coagulase characteristics, namely coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Coagulase-positive was represented by Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus and CoNS can become resistant to several antibiotics, known as multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria. S. aureus and CoNS bacteria are known as causal agents in human infections. This study aims to identify the presence of multidrug resistance S. aureus and CoNS bacteria in several dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia. We collected 332 milk and 125 swab samples from the hand of farmers from several dairy farms in Probolinggo, Tulungagung, and Blitar of East Java, Indonesia. The collected S. aureus and CoNS were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotic used were cefoxitin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and oxacillin. The results of isolation and identification based on morphological and biochemical characteristics showed that out of 457 samples, 291 samples (63.68%) were positive for S. aureus, and 166 samples (36.32%) were positive for CoNs. There were 15 S. aureus isolates (5.15%) and 7 CoNS isolates (4.22%) confirmed as MDR; therefore, it is confirmed that S. aureus and CoNS resistance to various drugs was very high in the province of East Java. Intensive livestock systems, high livestock densities, and excessive use of antibiotics in modern dairy systems may predispose the developing growth of MDR S. aureus and CoNS infections. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate the presence of very high multidrug resistant S. aureus and CoNS in the East Java provinces. MDR bacteria can be prevented from spreading by improving biosecurity, hygiene in the milking process, and regular health care for animals and dairy workers.
Non-Gaussian Imaging Properties and Synthetical Imaging Qualities of Arrays
Authors: Shaomin Wang 
Published: February 2023

Non-Gaussian imaging phenomenon of GRIN fiber array was discovered by Rees(1).
On the other hand, some experiments were demonstrated which show how corner-cube arrays have been used to approximate phase conjugation(2-4).
It is possible to find an intrinsic connection between them.
In this report, the imaging properties, pseudo-phase-conjugate properties, synthetical imaging aberrations and optimized design for arrays as compact unit magnification imaging devices are given by means of developed matrix optics.
Phase Manipulations in Synthetic Holography
Authors: Wyrowski Frank , Hauck Richard , Bryngdahl Olof 
Published: February 2023

In the construction process of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) it is possible to introduce and influence the phase in several ways: superpostion of a suitable phase variation onto
(1) the object data and/or
(2) the hologram itself.
In contrast to optical holography it is easy to realize any desired phase distribution in computer holography.
High-Resolution FT Spectroscopy of the Violet Transitions in the Nitrogen Molecular Ion N 2 +
Authors: McDowell Robin S. , Krohn Burton J. , Palmer Byron A. , Hof Douglas E. , Manning Thomas J. , Winefordner James D. 
Published: February 2023

The Los Alamos Fourier transform spectrometer has been used to study the following four near-ultraviolet transitions of nitrogen molecules in a helium inductively-coupled plasma torch:

N
2
+

1NG: B

2

Σ
u
+

−

X
2

Σ
g
+

(
0
−
0
)

and N22PG: C3Πu- B3Πg (0-2, 0-1, 0-0). Molecular constants for the

N
2
+

band have been determined using combination differences and polynomial fits, and will be compared with published values. These data demonstrate the usefulness of this instrument for molecular spectroscopy.
Photocaloric reevaluation of the nonradiative relaxation of Cr3+ in crystalline and amorphous hosts.
Authors: Strauss E. , Seelert W. 
Published: February 2023

We report on an investigation of the nonradiative relaxation of photoexcited Cr3+ employing photocaloric spectroscopy. It is shown, that this method supplements fluorescence lifetime and photoacoustic measurements1) to completely determine the branching into different relaxation channels.
In photocaloric experiments one measures quantitatively that part of the absorbed photon energy that is converted into heat. Precise heat measurements are performed using a caloric compensation scheme. Suitable tests proved that all energy-absorbed from a laser beam is detected to within ±2 %, in the range 5 mW to 200 mW. A higher sensitivity can be achieved with more sophisticated control circuitry.2)
Study of the Ambipolar Carrier Drift in Silicon by an Optical Time-of-Flight Method
Authors: Laurich B. , Forchel A. , Hoai T.X. 
Published: February 2023

We present a new method to study the ambipolar expansion of surface excited plasma in Si, based on the time resolved detection of the luminescence of a doped layer opposed to the excitation area.
This novel time-of-flight technique is used to study directly the carrier transport below and above the critical temperature Tc=23K for electron-hole droplet (EHD) condensation. Previously studies of the movement of the EHD in Si have been limited by the lack of time resolution1. The same holds for the surface created plasma (EHP) above Tc for which a drift has been deduced indirectly by a line shape analysis of the EHP emission spectra2.
Dynamic Correlations in Optical Systems with Parametric Noise
Authors: Miguel M. San , Hernández-Machado A. 
Published: February 2023

It has been suggested that anomalous fluctuation phenomena found experimentally in dye lasers(1) can be due to fluctuations of the pump parameter. The schochastic dynamical model proposed is In appropriate units I is the intensity of the laser field and ∝ is the mean value of the pump parameter. The stochastic force ξ (t) models fluctuations of ∝. Away from the immediate vecinity of the instability point, ξ (t) can not be modeled by a white noise. We take for ξ (t) and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise with correlation <ξ (t) ξ (t')> = z-1 exp (-|t-t'|/z). We present here a calculation of the short time behavior of the normalized steady state correlation function

λ

s

=

<

I

s

I

o

>

s
t

−
<

I

>

st

2

/

<

I

>

st

2
Behavior of Optical Solitons Which are Periodically Amplified by Stimulated Raman Process
Authors: Hasegawa Akira 
Published: February 2023

Transmission properties of optical solitons which are periodically amplified by the stimulated Raman process in a glass fiber is numerically studied for various parameters.
Optical solitons have two unique merits when used for extra high bit rate transmission systems:
1. the pulse shape does not distort in spite of the group dispersion of a glass fiber and
2. the pulse shape, whose width spreads in the presence of the fiber loss, can be reshaped only by appropriate amplifications.
Anisotropic Polarizers for Ti: LiNbO3 Strip Waveguides
Authors: Papuchon M. , Enard M. , Thyagarajan K. , Vatoux M. 
Published: February 2023

Polarizers are important devices for integrated optic applications. Several solutions have been already proposed and experimentally verified with different types of waveguides. In general they can be separated into two classes:
The polarizers based on a differential attenuation for TE and TM and the polarizers working on a principle similar to anisotropic devices in classical optics.
Calculation of 3-Bar Resolution from OTF Data: Possible Problems
Authors: Rogers John R. 
Published: February 2023

The resolution of 3-bar targets is an established criterion for the quality of optical systems; however, most optical design programs calculate the OTF function rather than the 3-bar resolution. In order to be able to predict the resolution of a system before it is built and experimentally tested, a conversion of the OTF data to resolution data would be useful. This paper deals with the problems associated with this conversion. A calculation method is given which correctly accounts for the following properties of 3-bar imaging: square-wave vs. sine-wave object; finite vs. infinite number of cycles in the pattern; linear systems theory vs. non-linear film behavior.
It is shown that the use of a threshold function for the MTF can lead to incorrect results, since the threshold function method does not take the shape of the MTF curve into account. Furthermore, it is shown that when 3-bar resolution is measured using the ANSI standard resolution chart, the resolution of a particular pattern may be significantly affected by the presence of neighboring patterns. It is seen that the use of highly non-linear film for resolution testing can lead to inaccurate measurements.
Observation of modulational instability for normal dispersion
Authors: Rothenberg Joshua E. 
Published: February 2023

Optical modulational instability (MI), the spontaneous generation of intensity modulation, has received much attention recently as a novel nonlinear-optical process and as a source of high-repetition-rate sub picosecond pulses. In a detailed analysis1 it was pointed out that MI would only be seen for anomalous group-velocity dispersion(GVD,β = 0). This effect was first observed in the nonlinear propagation of infrared light in optical fibers.2 The situation of waves nonlinearly coupled through cross phase modulation in a biréfringent fiber was treated3 for anomalous GVD. A straightforward extension of this analysis shows that MI occurs even for normal dispersion.4 We find that gain exists in a band of frequencies centered about

Ω
≅
δ
/
β
,

where

δ
=

v

g

(

s
l
o
w

)

−
1

−

v

g

(

f
a
s
t

)

−
1

is the group-velocity mismatch of the two polarization modes. Each wave develops intensity modulation, and the slow wave develops a single sideband frequency downshifted by Ω, and the fast wave is upshifted by Ω. This behavior is in contrast to previously observed optical MI,2 in which the pump develops dual sidebands and thus represents a new class of MI.
Heterogeneously integrated III–V-on-Si laser with embedded photonic molecule mirrors
Authors: de Rezende Guilherme F. M. , Frateschi Newton C. , Roelkens Gunther 
Published: February 2023

We have designed, fabricated, and characterized a III–V-on-Si laser employing photonic molecule mirrors with high potential for laser tunability and control. Resonant mirrors are realized by tailoring supermodes of coupled microrings. A laser threshold of 40 mA (L-band), series resistance of 10 Ω, and side mode suppression ratio of 40 dB are demonstrated.
New near infrared spectra of the CH2 radical
Authors: Chang Bor-Chen , Wu Ming , Hall Gregory E. , Sears Trevor J. 
Published: February 2023

An analysis of the

b
˜

1

B
1

−

a
˜

1

A
1

electronic spectrum of methylene was first reported in 1966 by Herzberg and Johns.1 Since that time, numerous experimental and theoretical investigations have been carried out on this chemically important species. The two lowest singlet states in CH2 lie approximately 3000 and 12000 cm-1 above the ground

X
˜

3

B
1

state and correlate with a degenerate

1

Δ
g

state at the linear configuration of the molecule. This degeneracy leads to extreme complexity in the spectrum. The

a
˜

and

b
˜

states may be regarded as derived from a severe Renner-Teller effect in a linear singlet CH2 molecule and the resulting vibronic structure leads to a highly irregular band system, especially at energies near to that of the degenerate linear configuration, recently2 calculated to lie some 8800 cm-1 above the zero point level of the

a
˜

state. Although the visible region of the

b
˜

−

a
˜

spectrum has been extensively studied3,4 since the original work of Herzberg and Johns, there have been no experiments reported in the near infrared region due to less efficient dye laser operation at these wavelengths.
Static and Dynamic Optical Bistability in Fabry-Pérot and Distributed Feedback Resonators with Quantum Well structures
Authors: Castelli F. , Lugiato L.A. , Bava G.P. , Debernardi P. 
Published: February 2023

Recently relevant results on optical bistability in Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) structures at room temperature have been reported [1].
In this paper a rather complete model for optical bistability in Fabry-Pérot (FP) and Distributed Feedback devices (DFB) including a MQW structure is described. It includes the optical dielectric response of the MQW structure, the static output power vs. input power and finally the dynamical behaviour.
FHbp variants among meningococci of serogroup B in Italy: Evolution and selective pressure, 2014–2017
Authors: Lo Presti Alessandra , Carannante Anna , Fazio Cecilia , Neri Arianna , Vacca Paola , Ambrosio Luigina , Lista Florigio , Fillo Silvia , Stefanelli Paola 
Published: February 2023

Background
Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) is the causative agent of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Meningococcus of serogroup B (MenB) is one of the main serogroup causing IMD. MenB strains may be prevented by meningococcal B vaccines. In particular, vaccines with Factor H-binding protein (FHbp), classified into two subfamilies (A or B) or in three variants (v1, v2 or v3), are those available. The objective of the study was to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of FHbp subfamilies A and B (variants v1, v2 or v3) genes and proteins, together with their evolution patterns and selective pressure.

Materials and methods
Overall, alignments of FHbp nucleotide and protein sequence from 155 MenB samples collected in different parts of Italy, from 2014 to 2017, were analyzed by ClustalW. JModeltest and the Smart Model Selection software were used for the statistical selection of the best-fit substitution models for nucleotide and protein alignments. Site-specific positive and negative selection were estimated through the HYPHY package. The phylogenetic signal was investigated with the likelihood mapping method. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic reconstructions were performed with Phyml.

Results
The phylogenic analysis identified different clusters within the FHbp subfamily A and B variants, confirming sequence diversity. The pattern of selective pressure in our study indicated that subfamily B FHbp sequences are subjected to greater variations and positive selective pressure respect to subfamily A, with 16 positively supported selected sites identified.

Conclusion
The study pointed out the need for continued genomic surveillance for meningococci to monitor selective pressure and amino acidic changes. Monitoring the genetic diversity and molecular evolution of FHbp variants may be useful to investigate genetic diversity which may emerge over time.
Spatial pattern and determinants of institutional delivery in Ethiopia: Spatial and multilevel analysis using 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey
Authors: Awol Mukemil , Edosa Dejene , Jemal Kemal 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundIn Ethiopia, despite the progress that has been made to improve maternal and child health, the proportion of births occurring at health institutions is still very low (26%), Which significantly contribute to a large number of maternal death 412 deaths/100,000 live births. Therefore, this study intended to determine spatial pattern and factors affecting institutional delivery among women who had live birth in Ethiopia within five years preceding survey.MethodData from 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey were used. Taking into account the nested structure of the data, multilevel logistic regression analysis has been employed to a nationally representative sample of 5753 women nested with in 305 communities/clusters.ResultA significant heterogeneity was observed between clusters for institutional delivery which explains about 57% of the total variation. Individual-level variables: primary education (OR = 1.8: 95% CI: 1.44–2.26), secondary education (OR = 3.65: 95% CI: 2.19–6.1), diploma and higher (OR = 2.74: 95% CI: 1.02–7.34), women who had both Radio and Television were 4.6 times (OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 2.52, 8.45), four and above Antenatal visit (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI:2.2, 3.34), rich wealth index (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.62–2.99), birth interval for 18 to 33 months (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.92), and women who space birth for 33 and above months (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.3, 3.12) were associated with institutional delivery. Community level variables, community high proportion of antenatal visit (OR = 4.68; 95% CI: 4.13–5.30), and Region were associated with institutional delivery.ConclusionA clustered pattern of areas with low institutional delivery was observed in Ethiopia. Both individual and community level factors found significantly associated with institutional delivery theses showed the need for community women education through health extension programs and community health workers. And the effort to promote institutional delivery should pay special attention to antenatal care, less educated women and interventions considering awareness, access, and availability of the services are vital for regions. A preprint has previously been published.
Microbiological diagnosis and mortality of tuberculosis meningitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Seid Getachew , Alemu Ayinalem , Dagne Biniyam , Gamtesa Dinka Fekadu 
Published: February 2023

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis poses a significant public health global treat. Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) accounts for approximately 1% of all active TB cases. The diagnosis of Tuberculosis meningitis is notably difficult due to its rapid onset, nonspecific symptoms, and the difficulty of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In 2019, 78,200 adults died of TB meningitis. This study aimed to assess the microbiological diagnosis TB meningitis using CSF and estimated the risk of death from TBM.

Methods
Relevant electronic databases and gray literature sources were searched for studies that reported presumed TBM patients. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools designed for prevalence studies. Data were summarized using Microsoft excel ver 16. The proportion of culture confirmed TBM, prevalence of drug resistance and risk of death were calculated using the random-effect model. Stata version 16.0 was used perform the statistical analysis. Moreover, subgroup analysis was conducted.

Results
After systematic searching and quality assessment, 31 studies were included in the final analysis. Ninety percent of the included studies were retrospective studies in design. The overall pooled estimates of CSF culture positive TBM was 29.72% (95% CI; 21.42–38.02). The pooled prevalence of MDR-TB among culture positive TBM cases was 5.19% (95% CI; 3.12–7.25). While, the proportion of INH mono-resistance was 9.37% (95% CI; 7.03–11.71). The pooled estimate of case fatality rate among confirmed TBM cases was 20.42% (95%CI; 14.81–26.03). Based on sub group analysis, the pooled case fatality rate among HIV positive and HIV negative TBM individuals was 53.39% (95%CI; 40.55–66.24) and 21.65% (95%CI;4.27–39.03) respectively.

Conclusion
Definite diagnosis of TBM still remains global treat. Microbiological confirmation of TBM is not always achievable. Early microbiological confirmation of TBM has great importance to reduce mortality. There was high rate of MDR-TB among confirmed TBM patients. All TB meningitis isolates should be cultured and drug susceptibility tested using standard techniques.