bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing safe motherhood: Effect of novel partograph on labor outcomes and its utility: An Indian perspective
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Parwez Saroj , Batra Kiran , Pareek Bharat 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Safe motherhood ensures safe pregnancy and childbirth. One of the noteworthy causes of maternal morbidity and mortality is the complications arising from prolonged or obstructed labour. World Health Organization recommends the use of partograph to significantly reduce the maternal mortality crisis. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel partograph in terms of maternal and perinatal outcomes along with its utility.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 400 intranatal women were selected in a non-randomized control trial to evaluate the effectiveness of novel partograph on selected maternal and perinatal outcomes. Subjects in experimental group (n=200) received care with newly developed partograph whereas subjects in control group (n=200) received standard care. Effectiveness was determined at a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. Utility of the novel partograph was determined as perceived by nurses.

Results:
There was significant reduction in the duration of the 1st and 2nd stage of labour (P=0.023 and 0.006 respectively) and number of vaginal examinations performed during labour (P=0.017) among mothers in the experimental group. Significant improvement in the Apgar score (P=0.005) was also observed among the infants of mothers in experimental group. Novel partograph was considered as of having extreme utility by 71% nurses.

Conclusion:
Study concluded that subjects monitored by the partograph experienced improved maternal and perinatal outcomes. It was found to be having extreme utility.
Oral health status among Bhoi children of Nimapara block in Puri district, Odisha – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kumar Gunjan , Jalaluddin Mohammad , Jena Samikshya , Bagchi Anandamoy , Tripathi Ranjan Mani , Das Satyabrata 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
In Odisha, the scheduled castes account for 17.13% of the overall population. In spite of prioritizing the oral health status of children globally, oral diseases continue to be a major public health problem in India. Due to lack of literature and baseline data, the aim of the study was to assess the oral health status of children of Bhoi scheduled caste of Nimapara block in Puri district of Odisha.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 208 Bhoi children who were enrolled using a multistage randomized sampling method in Nimapara Block of Dhanua Gram Panchayat, Puri District. Information on sociodemographic details and oral health status were collected using the modified WHO Oral Health Assessment Form for children, 2013. Number and percentages was derived using MS Excel and SPSS package version 26.0. Comparison between discrete and continuous data was done using Chi-square test and ANOVA. P value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
The mean DMFT and dmft of the total study participants were 1.28 ± 1.159 and 2.53 ± 1.058, respectively, and these findings were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among the age group of 6-12 years, the mean number of sextants with bleeding and calculus were 0.66 ± 0.476 and 0.62 ± 0.686, respectively, and among 13-15 years aged group, they were 0.86 ± 0.351 and 1.52 ± 0.688. Mild fluorosis was detected in the study population. Dental trauma was seen in 21% of the Bhoi children.

Conclusion:
Most of the participants had poor oral hygiene and the prevalence of dental caries was high. As there is lack of knowledge about oral hygiene maintenance, proper health education should be administered. Under these circumstances, the implementation of preventive programs such as pit and fissure sealants, atraumatic restorative restorations can be implemented to reduce the dental caries.
Role of steroid on management of limb swelling and local pain in haematotoxic snake bite
Authors: Ghosh Manas , Acharyya Amitava , Bhattacharya Paramita , Chakrabortty Supratick 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Local Pain and swelling in the biting area of haematotoxic snake bite victims are very common symptoms. This study was conducted to retrospectively observe the effect of oral Tab Prednisolone on a short-term basis as an add-on therapy of haematotoxic snake bite management in respect of Local Pain and swelling recovery.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal among 36 haematotoxic snake bite victims, admitted from February 2020 to January 2021. After collection of the data from hospital records and screened by inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 participants were included in two groups based on the treatment regimen. Group A (n: 24) received only conventional treatment and Group B (n: 12) received oral Tab Prednisolone on a short-term basis as an add-on therapy of conventional treatment. Swelling was measured as a distance from the site of the bite with measuring tape in centimeters and pain was measured by a numerical rating pain scale (NRS) between 0 and 10. Ethical permission has been waived from the Institutional Ethical Review Committee.

Result:
A total of 36 patients (32 male and 4 female) were included in the study. Age (Mean ± SD) of the snake victim persons in Group A and Group B were 35.79 ± 8.34 years and 31.33 ± 6.47 years, respectively. The local swelling length and pain score reduced significantly among group B patients on day 6 in comparison to day 2. However, in Group A, the pain score and local swelling increased significantly on day 6 in comparison to day 2.

Conclusion:
A short course of systemic steroids as an adjuvant with anti-venom serum (ASV) for the management of local pain and edema in case of haematotoxic snake bite may be beneficial if there is no contraindication.
Community-based appraisal of menopause-specific health problems and quality of life among women of rural Western Maharashtra
Authors: Sheereen Fatima , Kadarkar Kalpak S. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Menopause is an important hormonal transition of women’s lifespan which can strike as early as 30–35 years of age. Menopause-specific quality of life (MENQoL) mainly depends upon awareness, frequency, and intensity of menopausal symptoms; sociocultural, lifestyle, and dietary factors; and availability of health services specifically focusing on these issues. As life expectancy increases, women have to spend more years after menopause. So menopause specific quality of life will be a major issue of concern in the near future. The aim of this study was to assess the post-menopausal symptoms and quality of life (QoL) amongst post-menopausal women and their association with various sociodemographic factors.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken at Sakuri village among 100 postmenopausal women. Information was collected using MENQoL questionnaire. Unpaired t-test and Chi-squared test were used.

Results:
The mean age of participants and menopause was 51.8 ± 4.54 years and 46.42 ± 4.13 years, respectively. The major symptoms reported were hot flushes (70%), under accomplishment (100%), bloating (100%), decrease in physical strength (95%), and change in sexual desire (78%). Statistically significant association was found between age and psychosocial domain. QoL was associated with age and educational level.

Conclusion:
More than half of the participants had poor QoL for all four domains. Awareness about post-menopausal changes and available treatment modalities can improve QoL. Accessible and affordable gynaecological and psychiatric health services through channel of primary health care are necessary to alleviate these complaints.
Pattern and clinico-epidemiological profile of female patients of RTI/STIs attending an STI clinic in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Sharma Shloka , Saxena Vartika , Mundhra Rajlaxmi , Garg Deepanshi , Mallick Bhawana Kumari , Bahadur Anupama 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Reproductive tract infections/sexual tract infections (RTI/STIs) have a huge economic impact in terms of costs of healthcare, loss of productivity and the long-term sequelae.

Aims:
This study was aimed at documenting the pattern of RTI/STIs and clinico-epidemiological profiles of patients attending an STI clinic.

Settings and Design:
Seventy-six female patients attending the STI clinic at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS Rishikesh between November 2017 and March 2018 were recruited after taking informed verbal consent in this cross-sectional study.

Methods and Materials:
All patients were evaluated and managed according to the syndromic approach (NACO). Patients were interviewed and data were entered into a semi-structured questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016 (Microsoft Corporation, released September 22, 2015).

Results:
The average age of the patients was 34.46 ± 8.77 years, with a maximum of patients (41%) in the age group 25–35 years. The majority of patients were from an urban background (62%), Hindu (91%), married (95%) and housewives (74%). Most had some level of formal education (97%) and belonged to the lower middle class (43%). The most common diagnosis was lower abdominal pain (LAP) (68%) followed by vaginal/cervical discharge (VD/CD) (30%). Only one patient out of 76 had genital ulcer disease - herpetic (GUD-H).

Conclusions:
There is a need for focussed community-based interventions targeting the young, urban, lower-middle-class population to reduce the burden of STIs, particularly LAP.
Operational efficiency and out-of-pocket expenditure in attendees of anti-rabies vaccination: A time and motion study
Authors: Patnaik Asmita , Dash Anshuman , Pradhan Srabani , Nanda Sikata 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
Throughout the world, many healthcare settings have started using time and motion studies to improve their work pattern and efficiency whose basic purpose is to know the exact time taken in different service delivery points as well as to assess the perception of beneficiaries regarding the total time spent in the Outpatient Department (OPD). The aim of this study is to assess the operational efficiency as well as the satisfaction of patients attending the anti rabies vaccination (ARV) OPD.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out in a referral teaching hospital from 1st July to 31st August 2021. The study population comprised of animal bite patients attending the hospital. Data was collected using a pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire and a 5-point Likert scale.

Results:
The majority of patients were female, i.e., 811 (56.3%), and were between 15 to 30 years of age, i.e., 439 (30.5%). Maximum time was spent by patients in the OPD on Mondays. The mean time spent at Niramaya by new cases was 14.80 ± 6.09 minutes, whereas the same was 0.23 ± 1.89 minutes for follow-up cases. More than half of the respondents, i.e., 56.3% and 55.9%, found the time spent at consultation and the pace of registration to be satisfactory, respectively.

Conclusion:
Decentralization of registration counters is much needed to provide quality services to the patients.
Impact of cognitive impairment on activities of daily living among older adults of North India
Authors: Panghal Charu , Belsiyal C Xavier , Rawat Vikram Singh , Dhar Minakshi 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Older persons are at risk of developing cognitive impairment, often considered a precursor to more severe conditions, such as dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive impairment among older adults is one of the most rapidly growing burdens, especially in developing countries.

Aim:
To assess the impact of cognitive impairment on activities of daily living (ADL) among older adults.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 135 older adults visiting a selected tertiary care centre in Uttarakhand (India) during December 2020, recruited using total enumerative sampling. Data were collected using standardized and validated tools that consisted of socio-demographic information, Hindi Mental Status Examination, and Everyday Abilities Scale for India. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, including descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, and median) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test, binary logistic regression).

Results:
The results with pooled analysis have shown that 30% of the older adults had mild cognitive impairment, 9% had moderate cognitive impairment, and 61% had normal cognition. About 16% of the older adults’ ADL were affected. The statistically significant predictors for cognitive impairment were age group 80 years [odds ratio (OR) = 36.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.23–210.59], Muslim religion (OR = 6.26; 95% CI = 1.12–34.93), and middle-class families (OR = 11.95; 95% CI = 1.84-77.78).

Conclusion:
A considerably large proportion of the older adults had cognitive impairment, which further impacted activities of daily living. There is an urgent need to develop geriatric mental health services across all hospitals in the region.
Knowledge and attitude of paediatric first aid among elementary schoolteachers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsulami Maher , Madkhali Abdulaziz A. , Alharbi Majed T. , Alzahrani Abdulaziz R. , Aljohani Ibrahim N. , Al-Thaqafy Majid S. , Alsulami Adnan A. , Eldigre Mohamed , Aloraibi Saleh 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Children at schools are at risk of getting injuries during their activities. In the absence of medical support and delays in ambulance arrival, teachers are the first responders to provide first aid when accidents occur. There is a lack of information about schoolteachers’ awareness and knowledge about first aid administration. This study aimed to assess the current level of knowledge and attitude toward paediatric first aid among elementary schoolteachers in Jeddah of Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:
This is a cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire-based survey was administered to teachers in primary male schools in the Jeddah region. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP software, continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation (SD), data for categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages and statistical tests ANOVA and Chi Square were also used. The P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 221 male schoolteachers were interviewed online in our study. Most of the research participants were aged between 26 and 50 years and most had a bachelor’s degree as the highest education (81.9%). In addition, half of the participants, that is, 50.2%, had between 20 years and 30 years of experience in teaching. Almost all the teachers (99.5%) heard about first aid with more than half (57%) attending training in first aid. The source of information for almost half of them (48%) came from social media and most of them (85%) agree that there is a need for first aid education.

Conclusion:
Our findings reveal that schoolteachers know about the importance of first aid but lack the training and skills to administer first aid before the ambulance arrives. Therefore, there is an urgent need for proper first aid training for teachers and support staff to prepare them to deal with all the emergencies that most frequently arise at children’s schools.
A randomized prospective study to compare early versus delayed access to antiretroviral therapy over clinical and immunological sequel in HIV-positive adults
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Sharma Ankita , Singh Jatinder , Singh Harpreet 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the cornerstone for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Our study aimed to compare the impact of early versus delayed access to ART over clinical and immunological outcomes in HIV-positive adults.

Methods:
The prospective, randomized, open-label study was conducted for nine months, and comprised HIV-positive adults who presented to the ART center. Patients who presented early in their course of disease with baseline cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 count ≥350/mm3 were recruited in the early arm and in the late arm, if <350/mm3. The primary objectives were to evaluate disease progression in terms of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stages, functional status, and opportunistic infections. Statistical analysis was done by applying an unpaired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square test, and Kaplan–Meier analysis with a P value <0.05 as significant at a 95% confidence interval.

Results:
A total of 134 HIV-positive patients meeting eligibility criteria were randomized. All patients including 60 in the early and 74 in the late arm received tenofovir + lamivudine + efavirenz (TLE). There was a significant difference in CDC stages and immunological status at baseline and post ART initiation (p-value < 0.001). TB-HIV co-infections were significantly (p-value = 0.006) more in late arm.

Conclusion:
The study suggests CD4 counts at ART initiation, as the most important factor in predicting post-treatment recovery in terms of clinical and immunological outcomes.
Prevalence and correlates of vibration perception threshold based diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Gujarati urban population: A cross sectional study
Authors: Solanki Jayesh D. , Doshi Rishita D. , Virani Neel R. , Sheth Nidhi S. , Dhamecha Jatin K. , Shah Chinmay J. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is common microvascular complication with lack of data from many regions. Vibration perception threshold (VPT) is an objective tool to screen vibration-based neuropathy both quantitatively and qualitatively. We studied prevalence that correlates VPT in diabetic sample population.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed in 100 under treatment urban type 2 diabetics. Using bioesthesiometer, we tested VPT from sole of lower limbs of each participant. VPT >25 was considered as DPN. VPT was further correlated to determinants using t test, chi square, and multiple linear regressions. P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results:
Mean age was 57, mean duration was 9.42 years, 40% were good glycemic, 28% were symptomatic for neuropathy, half subjects had co-existing hypertension and positive family history. VPT >25 was prevalent in 38% participants and mild, moderate, severe grades of DPN were present in 10%, 20%, 38%, respectively. VPT was associated with all three measures of glycemic control both quantitatively and qualitatively imposing significant odds risk (3.45, 2.63, 3.63 for HbA1C, FPG, 2hPG, respectively). Presence of symptoms, duration, and family history were significant predictors of VPT, whereas age, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and glycemic control were not.

Conclusion:
In chronic type 2 diabetics from a city Gujarat, we report 38% prevalence of DPN, related to symptoms, duration, family history, and all measures of glycemic triad. Unrelated to age and gender, VPT is superior to symptoms to detect DPN and it should be used optimally to insinuate timely preventive measures.
Effectiveness of psychological intervention package on anxiety and wellness level among patients with anxiety disorders
Authors: Mathew Binu 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background of the Study:
Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders in all age groups and they are associated with short-term and long-term impairment in social, academic, familial, and psychological functioning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of psychological interventions to decrease anxiety thereby improving the wellness level of patients with anxiety disorder.

Methods:
A quasi-experimental research design (a nonequivalent control group design) for evaluating the effectiveness of the psychological intervention on anxiety and wellness level among neurotic patients (n = 100). Psychological interventions consisted of psychoeducation and simple relaxation exercises was administered.

Results:
The study findings revealed that in pre-test, there is no significant difference between experimental and control groups, but in post-test significant difference is observed between experimental group and control group as depicted by the t values at first post-test was t = 2.04 at P = 0.04, df = 98, at third month post-test t = 6.32 at P = 0.001, df = 98 and at sixth month post-test t = 11.03 at P = 0.001, df = 98. The experimental group patients are having 20.3% anxiety reduction and 23.0% improved wellness score, whereas in control group anxiety reduction is only 1.4% and only 2.4% improved wellness score which shows the effectiveness of psychological intervention.

Interpretation and Conclusion:
The results demonstrated the importance of improving patient’s awareness of anxiety and how to manage and access help. Nurses can play a vital role in screening and managing anxiety, and educating people in strategies to prevent episodes of panic. This nurse-led intervention, increased perceived self-efficacy in patients with anxiety disorders, compared with control patients.
Impact of biomass fuels on the respiratory functions of women in Rural India
Authors: Wankar Reema L. , Deo Deepali S. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
In India, about 90% of the rural population relied upon biomass fuels like animal dung, crop residues and wood. Women generally being involved in cooking are at higher risk of developing respiratory diseases following use of unclean fuels. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the association of respiratory morbidity with different fuels and the duration of exposure in the women residing in the rural area of Maharashtra.

Methodology:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine of Government Medical College in Maharashtra. Total of 994 eligible subjects were included in the study and data was collected using predesigned structured questionnaire. Abnormal pulmonary function of the study subjects was assessed by the measurement of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Statistical tests such as ANOVA, bivariate and multivariate analysis were used.

Results:
Out of 994 subjects, 725 (72.9%) subjects were using only biomass fuel and 120 (12.1%) were using only LPG for domestic purposes. Lowest mean PEFR was seen in mixed fuel users, that is, 284.09 (SD ± 64.83), followed by biomass fuel users, that is, 287.88 (SD ± 61.47). Respiratory morbidity was seen in 369 (38.1%) subjects with maximum morbidity in biomass users, that is, 262 (p < 0.001). Occurrence of respiratory symptoms like dyspnoea, cough and rhinitis was significantly higher amongst the subjects using biomass fuel, with P < 0.001. Bivariate and multivariate analysis showed that use of biomass fuel, age above 60 years and EI more than 90 had higher odds of having respiratory morbidity.

Conclusion:
The risk of developing respiratory morbidities is high in subjects using biomass fuel. Also, the occurrence of such morbid conditions depends on the higher age and longer duration of exposure to biomass smoke.