bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of marine vertebrates on polar terrestrial invertebrate communities
Authors: Zmudczyńska-Skarbek Katarzyna , Bokhorst Stef , Convey Peter , Gwiazdowicz Dariusz J. , Skubała Piotr , Zawierucha Krzysztof , Zwolicki Adrian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMarine birds and pinnipeds which come to land to breed, rest and moult are widely known to fertilize adjacent terrestrial ecosystems, with cascading effects on vegetation and other trophic levels. We provide a synthesis of the consequences of allochthonous nutrient enrichment for terrestrial invertebrate communities within and around marine vertebrate aggregation sites and nutrient sources in the High Arctic and Continental and Maritime Antarctic, the most nutrient-poor and environmentally extreme parts of the polar regions. Using a combination of literature review (identifying 19 articles from the Arctic Svalbard archipelago and 12 from different Antarctic locations) and new analyses of available datasets of springtail, mite and tardigrade community composition, we confirmed that terrestrial invertebrate abundance and species richness tended to increase, and their community compositions changed, as a result of marine vertebrate fertilisation in both polar regions. These changes were significantly greater on talus slopes enriched by kittiwakes, guillemots and little auks in the Arctic, as compared to the edges of penguin colonies in the Antarctic. Both these habitat areas were typically abundantly vegetated and provided the most favourable microhabitat conditions for terrestrial invertebrates. The most heavily disturbed and manured areas within Antarctic penguin rookeries and seal wallows, generally on flat or gently sloping ground, were typically characterised by extremely low invertebrate diversity. In the Arctic, only sites directly beneath densely-occupied bird cliffs were to some extent comparably barren. Invertebrate responses are dependent on a combination of vertebrate activity, local topography and vegetation development.
The first record of a non-native seaweed from South Georgia and confirmation of its establishment in the Falkland Islands: Ulva fenestrata Postels & Ruprecht
Authors: Mrowicki Robert J. , Brodie Juliet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDetecting non-native species can be challenging, particularly in the case of taxa such as seaweeds, which can be difficult to distinguish based on morphology and often require molecular-assisted taxonomy for reliable identification. The sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia supports unique and important marine biodiversity, including a rich seaweed flora, but despite its isolation, its inshore ecosystems are susceptible to the introduction of potentially invasive non-native species. Here, we provide the first report of a non-native seaweed in South Georgia, Ulva fenestrata Postels & Ruprecht (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta), and confirm its widespread presence in the Falkland Islands via molecular-assisted taxonomy. Phylogenetic analyses of tufA and rbcL-3P genetic markers enabled the identification of a specimen collected from Grytviken, South Georgia in November 2021 as U. fenestrata. In terms of tufA sequence, this sample was identical to specimens collected from four sites spanning West and East Falkland in 2013 and 2018. This study represents the second Southern Hemisphere record of U. fenestrata, which is generally regarded as a Northern Hemisphere species. Our findings provide a foundation for monitoring this potentially invasive species in South Georgia, and for determining its likely source and mode of arrival, while emphasising the importance of robust biosecurity measures.
Post-mortem changes of the vascular system—a thanatological study using multidetector computed tomography
Authors: Egger Coraline , Wiskott Kim , Vaucher Paul , Suppan Laurent , Doenz Francesco , Bize Pierre , Grabherr Silke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractForensic pathologists have to deal with post-mortem changes of the human body. Those post-mortem phenomena are familiar and largely described in thanatology. However, knowledge about the influence of post-mortem phenomena on the vascular system is more limited, except for the apparition and development of cadaveric lividity. The introduction of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the forensic field and the expansion of their usage in medico-legal routine, allow for exploring the inside of corpses differently and may play a part in the understanding of thanatological processes. This study aimed to describe post-mortem changes in the vascular system by investigating the presence of gas and collapsed vessels.We investigated post-mortem MDCT data of 118 human bodies. Cases with internal/external bleeding or corporal lesion allowing contamination with external air were excluded. Major vessels and heart cavities were systematically explored and a trained radiologist semi-quantitatively assessed the presence of gas.Collapsed veins were observed in 61.9% of cases (CI95% 52.5 to 70.6) and arteries in 33.1% (CI95% 24.7 to 42.3). Vessels most often affected were for arteries: common iliac (16.1%), abdominal aorta (15.3%), external iliac (13.6%), and for veins: infra-renal vena cava (45.8%), common iliac (22.0%), renal (16.9%), external iliac (16.1%), and supra-renal vena cava (13.6%). Cerebral arteries and veins, coronary arteries, and subclavian vein were unaffected. The presence of collapsed vessels was associated with a minor degree of cadaveric alteration. We observed that arteries and veins follow the same pattern of gas apparition for both the quantity and the location.In post-mortem radiology, collapsed vessels and intravascular gas are frequently visualized and as a result of all post-mortem changes, the assessment of the distribution of blood can be confusing. Therefore, knowledge of thanatological phenomena is crucial to prevent post-mortem radiological misapprehensions and possible false diagnoses.
Myasthenia gravis, respiratory function, and respiratory tract disease
Authors: Gilhus Nils Erik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is characterized by muscle weakness caused by autoantibodies that bind to the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction and impair acetylcholine receptor function. Weakness of respiratory muscles represents the most severe MG manifestation, and 10–15% of all patients experience an MG crisis with the need of mechanical ventilatory support at least once in their life. MG patients with respiratory muscle weakness need active immunosuppressive drug treatment long term, and they need regular specialist follow-up. Comorbidities affecting respiratory function need attention and optimal treatment. Respiratory tract infections can lead to MG exacerbations and precipitate an MG crisis. Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange are the core treatments for severe MG exacerbations. High-dose corticosteroids, complement inhibitors, and FcRn blockers represent fast-acting treatments that are effective in most MG patients. Neonatal myasthenia is a transient condition with muscle weakness in the newborn caused by mother’s muscle antibodies. In rare cases, treatment of respiratory muscle weakness in the baby is required.
On the hyperbolic thermoelasticity with several dissipation mechanisms
Authors: Fernández José R. , Quintanilla Ramón 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, we study a two-dimensional problem involving a thermoelastic body with four dissipative mechanisms. The well-known theory proposed by Lord and Shulman is used. The existence and uniqueness of solution is proved by using theory of linear semigroups. Then, introducing some assumptions of the coupling coefficients, we prove that the energy decay is exponential. An extension to the theory provided by Green and Lindsay is briefly presented and to the three-dimensional case is also commented.
Self-reported quantity and quality of sleep in children and adolescents with a chronic condition compared to healthy controls
Authors: Biemans Camille F. M. , Nijhof Sanne L. , Gorter Jan Willem , Stevens Gonneke J. W. M. , van de Putte Elise , Hoefnagels Johanna W. , van den Berg Anemone , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Dudink Jeroen , Verschuren Olaf W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo assess self-reported quantity and quality of sleep in Dutch children with a chronic condition compared to healthy controls and to the recommended hours of sleep for youth. Sleep quantity and quality were analyzed in children with a chronic condition (cystic fibrosis, chronic kidney disease, congenital heart disease, (auto-)immune disease, and medically unexplained symptoms (MUS); n = 291; 15 ± 3.1 years, 63% female. A subset of 171 children with a chronic condition were matched to healthy controls using Propensity Score matching, based on age and sex, ratio 1:4. Self-reported sleep quantity and quality were assessed with established questionnaires. Children with MUS were analyzed separately to distinguish between chronic conditions with and without an identified pathophysiological cause. Generally, children with a chronic condition met the recommended amount of sleep, however 22% reported poor sleep quality. No significant differences in sleep quantity and quality were found between the diagnosis groups. Children with a chronic condition and with MUS slept significantly more than healthy controls at ages 13, 15, and 16. Both at primary and secondary school, poor sleep quality was least frequent reported in children with a chronic condition and most often reported in children with MUS. Conclusion: Overall, children with chronic conditions, including MUS, met the recommended hours of sleep for youth, and slept more than healthy controls. However, it is important to obtain a better understanding of why a substantial subset of children with chronic conditions, mostly children with MUS, still perceived their sleep quality as poor.

What is Known:• According to the Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep medicine, typically developing children (6 to 12 years) should sleep 9 to 12 h per night, and adolescents (13 to 18 years) should sleep 8 to 10 h per night.• Literature on the optimal quantity and quality of sleep in children with a chronic condition is very limited.

What is New:Our findings are important and provide novel insights:• In general, children with a chronic condition sleep according to the recommended hours of sleep.• A substantial subset of children with chronic conditions, perceived their sleep quality as poor. Although this was reported mostly by children with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS), the found poor sleep quality was independent of specific diagnosis.
The magmatic evolution of South-East Crater (Mt. Etna) during the February–April 2021 sequence of lava fountains from a mineral chemistry perspective
Authors: Musu Alessandro , Corsaro Rosa Anna , Higgins Oliver , Jorgenson Corin , Petrelli Maurizio , Caricchi Luca 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe South-East Crater (SEC) at Mt. Etna started a period of lava fountaining in December 2020, producing over 60 paroxysms until February 2022. The activity had an intense sequence from February 16 to April 1, 2021, totaling 17 paroxysmal events separated by repose times varying from 1 to 7 days. The eruptive sequence was extensively monitored, providing a unique opportunity to relate the chemistry and texture of the erupted products to eruption dynamics. We investigate the temporal evolution of the magmatic system through this eruptive sequence by quantifying variations in the composition and texture of clinopyroxene. Clinopyroxene major element transects across crystals from five representative lava fountains allow us to determine the relative proportions of deep versus shallow-stored magmas that fed these events. We use hierarchical clustering (HC), an unsupervised machine learning technique, to objectively identify clinopyroxene compositional clusters and their variations during this intense eruptive phase. Our results show that variations of monitoring parameters and eruption intensity are expressed in the mineral record both as changes in cluster proportions and the chemical complexity of single crystals. We also apply random forest thermobarometry to relate each cluster to P-T conditions of formation. We suggest that the February–April 2021 eruptive sequence was sustained by the injection of a hotter and deeper magma into a storage area at 1–3 kbar, where it mixed with a slightly more evolved magma. The February 28 episode emitted the most mafic magma, in association with the highest mean lava fountain height and highest time–averaged discharge rate, which make it the peak of the analyzed eruptive interval. Our results show that after this episode, the deep magma supply decreased and the erupted magma become gradually more chemically evolved, with a lower time–average discharge rate and fountain height. We propose this approach as a means to rapidly, objectively, and effectively link petrological and geophysical/geochemical monitoring during ongoing eruptions. We anticipate that the systematic application of this approach will serve to shed light on the magmatic processes controlling the evolution of ongoing eruptions.
MLPK function is not required for self-incompatibility in the S29 haplotype of Brassica rapa L.
Authors: Ohata Mayu , Takada Yoshinobu , Sato Yui , Okamoto Takumi , Murase Kohji , Takayama Seiji , Suzuki Go , Watanabe Masao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Key message
S29 haplotype does not require the MLPK function for self-incompatibility in Brassica rapa.

Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) in Brassicaceae is regulated by the self-recognition mechanism, which is based on the S-haplotype-specific direct interaction of the pollen-derived ligand, SP11/SCR, and the stigma-side receptor, SRK. M locus protein kinase (MLPK) is known to be one of the positive effectors of the SI response. MLPK directly interacts with SRK, and is phosphorylated by SRK in Brassica rapa. In Brassicaceae, MLPK was demonstrated to be essential for SI in B. rapa and Brassica napus, whereas it is not essential for SI in Arabidopsis thaliana (with introduced SRK and SP11/SCR from related SI species). Little is known about what determines the need for MLPK in SI of Brassicaceae. In this study, we investigated the relationship between S-haplotype diversity and MLPK function by analyzing the SI phenotypes of different S haplotypes in a mlpk/mlpk mutant background. The results have clarified that in B. rapa, all the S haplotypes except the S29 we tested need the MLPK function, but the S29 haplotype does not require MLPK for the SI. Comparative analysis of MLPK-dependent and MLPK-independent S haplotype might provide new insight into the evolution of S-haplotype diversity and the molecular mechanism of SI in Brassicaceae.
Positionspapier: Operation und Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)
Authors: Kietaibl Antonia-Therese , Huber Joakim , Clodi Martin , Abrahamian Heidemarie , Ludvik Bernhard , Fasching Peter 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Positionspapier beschreibt die Sicht der Österreichischen Diabetes Gesellschaft hinsichtlich des perioperativen Managements von Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus auf Basis der verfügbaren wissenschaftlichen Evidenz. Dabei wird Bezug genommen auf die präoperative Begutachtung und Vorbereitung sowie auf die perioperative Stoffwechselkontrolle mittels oraler Antidiabetika und/oder injektabler Therapie (Insulin‑/GLP-1-RA-therapie).
Andere spezifische Diabetesformen und exokrine Pankreasinsuffizienz (Update 2023)
Authors: Kaser Susanne , Hofer Sabine E. , Kazemi-Shirazi Lili , Festa Andreas , Winhofer Yvonne , Sourij Harald , Brath Helmut , Riedl Michaela , Resl Michael , Clodi Martin , Stulnig Thomas , Ress Claudia , Luger Anton 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie unter der Kategorie „andere spezifische Diabetesformen“ zusammengefassten Störungen des Glukosestoffwechsels stellen pathophysiologisch und therapeutisch eine sehr heterogene Krankheitsgruppe dar. Umfasst werden Diabetesformen, die im Rahmen von anderen endokrinologischen Erkrankungen auftreten (z. B. Akromegalie, Cushing-Syndrom), medikamentös induzierte Diabetesformen (z. B. Antipsychotikatherapie, Glukokortikoidtherapie, HAART, Checkpoint-Inhibitoren, genetische Formen (z. B. i. R. eines MODY, neonataler Diabetes, Down-Syndrom, Klinefelter-Syndrom, Turner-Syndrom), pankreoprive Formen (z. B. postoperativ, Pankreatitis, Pankreastumoren, Hämochromatose, zystische Fibrose), Infektionen (z. B. kongenitale Rötelninfektion) und seltene autoimmune Formen (z. B. Stiffman-Syndrom). Die Diagnose der spezifischen Diabetesform kann die therapeutischen Erwägungen beeinflussen. Nicht nur pankreoprive Formen, sondern auch Typ 1 oder langjähriger Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus sind häufig mit einer exokrinen Pankreasinsuffizienz assoziiert.
Lipide: Diagnostik und Therapie bei Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)
Authors: Wascher Thomas C. , Paulweber Bernhard , Toplak Hermann , Saely Christoph H. , Drexel Heinz , Föger Bernhard , Hoppichler Friedrich , Stulnig Thomas , Stingl Harald , Clodi Martin ,   Ausschuss Leitlinien
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungHyper- und Dyslipidämie tragen zur kardiovaskulären Morbidität und Mortalität diabetischer Patienten bei. Überzeugende Daten zeigen, dass eine medikamentöse Therapie mit Statinen, Ezetimibe und PCSK9 Hemmern das kardiovaskuläre Risiko von Patienten mit Diabetes senken kann. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt die Behandlungsvorschläge der Österreichischen Diabetes Gesellschaft zum Einsatz lipidsenkender Medikamente dar.
Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer (Update 2023)
Authors: Wascher Thomas C. , Stulnig Thomas M. , Saely Christoph H. , Stechemesser Lars ,   Ausschuss Leitlinien
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungAkute atherothrombotische Komplikationen tragen, im Rahmen der beschleunigten Atherosklerose, zur kardiovaskulären Morbidität und Mortalität von Menschen mit Diabetes bei. Die Hemmung der Thrombozytenaggregation kann das Risiko für das Auftreten akuter atherothrombotischer Komplikationen reduzieren. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt die Behandlungsvorschläge der österreichischen Diabetesgesellschaft zum Einsatz von Thrombozytenaggregationshemmern dar.
Blutzuckerselbstkontrolle Update 2023
Authors: Wascher Thomas C. , Stechemesser Lars , Harreiter Jürgen ,   Ausschuss Leitlinien
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungBlutzuckerselbstkontrolle trägt zum integrierten Management des Diabetes mellitus bei. Sie sollte für alle Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus zur Verfügung stehen. Die Blutzuckerselbstkontrolle erhöht die Patientensicherheit, die Lebensqualität und verbessert die Blutzuckerkontrolle. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt die Behandlungsvorschläge der österreichischen Diabetesgesellschaft zum Einsatz der Blutzuckerselbstkontrolle dar.
Population ageing and entrepreneurship under a regional perspective. A bibliometric and content analysis
Authors: Cucculelli Marco , Di Marcoberardino Davide , Giampaoli Noemi , Renghini Matteo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to the ageing population and the changing demographics, mature age or older entrepreneurship is becoming an important area of research within the regional literature. Using a hybrid literature review technique (bibliometrics and content analyses), we explore the literature (963 articles between 1990 and 2021) on the topic of population ageing and entrepreneurship under a regional perspective. After a general overview of the research on entrepreneurship and aging, we find two main streams of research and potential avenues for future study: (i) the role that regions have in entrepreneurship and start-up and (ii) the linkages between population ageing, entrepreneurship and the local and regional context. Finally, the paper recommends several research questions to extend the literature.
Determining the Thermal Conductivity of Gehlenite by Thermal Microscopy at Room Temperature
Authors: Inoue Yuta , Watanabe Takashi , Hayashi Miyuki , Susa Masahiro , Endo Rie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of a single-phase gehlenite (2CaO Al2O3 SiO2) sample was determined using thermal microscopy. The composition of the primary crystal region of the gehlenite sample was CaO: SiO2:Al2O3 = 38:28:34 (mass%), which was maintained after melting and cooling. After polishing the samples, the size of the gehlenite crystal was sufficiently large to be measured using a thermal microscope. The value of $$\sqrt{\lambda C\rho }$$

λ
C
ρ

, where λ is thermal conductivity C is specific heat andρis density, of the samples was measured every 10 μm to obtain its distribution. When comparing the results with the optical microscopy image of the sample, the gehlenite region showed a larger value of $$\sqrt{\lambda C\rho }$$

λ
C
ρ

than the glassy region. Specifically, the value of $$\sqrt{\lambda C\rho }$$

λ
C
ρ

of the gehlenite region was determined to be 2.2 ± 0.1 kJs−0.5·m−2·K−1, which resulted in a thermal conductivity of 2.1 ± 0.2 Wm−1·K−1. Moreover, the oxide gehlenite phase showed lower thermal conductivity than the other constituent phases, i.e., CaO, Al2O3, and SiO2.
The Impact of Health and Education on Labor Force Participation in Aging Societies: Projections for the United States and Germany from Dynamic Microsimulations
Authors: Böheim René , Horvath Thomas , Leoni Thomas , Spielauer Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe project the labor force in the United States to 2060 and contrast the outcomes with comparative projections for Germany. In both countries, the population will age, but the demographic dynamics are fundamentally different. According to our dynamic microsimulations, the labor force in the U.S. will increase by 17 percent between 2020 and 2060 (about 29 million workers) despite population aging. In contrast, the labor force in Germany will decline by 11 percent (about 4.5 million workers). Our baseline projections indicate that an expansion of education will increase the labor force by about 3 million persons in the United States and about half a million persons in Germany by 2060. In several what-if scenarios, we examine the effects of further expanding education and of removing health barriers on labor force participation. Higher educational attainment among those with currently low education has the largest impact on labor force participation, relative to the additional years of schooling. However, health improvements and the labor market integration of people with health limitations suggest a larger increase in labor force participation rates. Using Sweden as a benchmark, we show that reducing the health participation gap would increase the U.S. labor force by as much as 13 million people in 2060 (+6.8 percent compared to our baseline).