bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug innovation studies targeting Diabetes: A computational docking approach on muti-drug targets including COVID Inhibitors
Authors: Goyal Richa , Kumar Manoj , Mallick M. Anwar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus cases are rising exponentially and promoting hyperglycemia with multifactorial disease conditions and also increases susceptibility to viral infection (Corona virus). Many antidiabetic drugs are available on the market but, still its control is a challenging task and the need of time is to develop a cost-effective, potent antidiabetic drug having no side effects. The objective of the study is concerned with lead preparation and insilico analysis of the mechanism of action of biomolecule on multiple targets of the diseases.
Methods: In the present study, lead was prepared from C. roseus alkaloids ligand library (21 compounds) then tested its molecular interaction with 4 drug targets (AMPK, DPP4, alpha glucosidase and PPARy) for antihyperglycemic effect. Insilico testing of lead compound vindoline (CID: 425978) with drug targets- AMPK, DPP4, alpha glucosidase and PPARy was by advanced computational docking studies and system biology approaches.
Result: Molecular docking studies of vindoline with multiple potential drug targets show strong non-covalent interactions. Docking results of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator metformin with AMPK1 and AMPK2 targets were -4.0 Kcal/mol and -4.2 Kcal/mol, while vindoline docked score showed -6.2 and - 6.3 Kcal/mol respectively; Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor vildagliptin with DPP4 target was -6.7 Kcal/mol and for the vindoline - 6.8 Kcal/mol. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose with the target was -6.7 Kcal/mol, vindoline – 6.8 Kcal/mol and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARy) activator pioglitazone with PPARy nuclear receptor was -6.4 Kcal/mol, while vindoline – 6.1 Kcal/mol. Drulito and Osiris explorer's result shows that the bioactive compounds had good solubility (Log S= -3.12 mol/lit), absorption (cLogP =1.32), permeation (Molecular weight=456), action (TPSA=88.54), drug likeness= +3.95, drug-score=0.74, non-toxic characteristics.
Conclusion: C. roseus alkaloid vindoline (CID: 425978) has the potential to act on multiple target sites, efficiently reduce blood glucose levels as well as control secondary pathological aspects of diabetes with few side effects. Also, it has antiviral and antimicrobial properties. Hence, it has a high probability of becoming a potent antihyperglycemic drug and can be used as a futuristic first line antidiabetic drug and the 4th line of drugs for chronic complicated cases of diabetes.
BEST: A blockchain sharding scheme based on nodes performance for enhancing both security and effiency
Authors: Huang Haihui , Zhao Xi , Liu Jun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sharding technology is seen as the most likely solution to the scalability of blockchain, by dividing nodes into smaller groups called shards that transactions can be processed in parallel. However, most sharding scheme adopted random sharding to avoid the aggregation of malicious nodes, while the performance difference between nodes is ignored, resulting in the transaction efficiency gap of each sharding. In this paper, we propose BEST, a blockchain sharding scheme with both security and effiency, nodes are allocated to a shard according to the reputation score, which guarantees the consistent comprehensive performance of each shard. A multi-attribute leader decision model is established instead of randomly selecting leader nodes. We verify the scheme through theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation, and the results show that the proposed scheme improves the parallel throughput of the system while ensuring system security.
Economic pathways to healthy, sustainable and culturally acceptable diets in Mexico
Authors: Viera Marcos Esau Dominguez , Smeets-Kristkova Zuzana , Castellanos-Gutierrez Anali , Batis Carolina , Berg Marrit van den , Cantu Joana C. Chapa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA predominantly plant-based diet would aid low- and middle- income countries to deviate from the existing negative trends in health and environmental outcomes. Taking Mexico as case study, we assessed the impact of adopting such a diet on multiple food system indicators and identified a menu of fiscal policies to reach the intake targets determined in the EAT-Lancet framework. A macroeconomic model named MAGNET and a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model were employed for the analysis. Two diets were modelled, an adaptation of the EAT diet considering existing intakes in Mexico and a version proposed here based on traditional eating patterns (i.e., Milpa diet). Our results showcased that the magnitude of the changes needed to attain the proposed dietary intakes is such that fiscal policies alone were found implausible. We thus modelled the change to two thirds of the EAT targets by 2040 (the goal was 100% of the EAT targets by 2050). Still, to keep fiscal policies feasible (up to +/-80% ad-valorem tax rates) 75% of the required change in consumption would need to come from other strategies. Substantial environmental gains are expected from the adoption of the EAT diet, and at the same time, foods would be more affordable for all but the poorer households. At the household level, subsidies would improve the intakes of fruits, vegetables and added fats, but the targets would be attained only by the highest income households and possibly by the urban households. Subsidies would be ineffective to reach the intake target for plant-based proteins. Given the projected progress, increased taxes are strongly advised for the foods with targeted intake reductions, particularly for the well-off and urban households. Policy makers should be cautious in the design of taxes to dairy foods, as these could lead to excessive intake reductions among vulnerable populations.
One-dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Ashique Sumel , Upadhyay Aakash , Gulati Monica , Singh Dilpreet , Chawla Pooja A. , Chawla Viney 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Nanocomposites have become a promising approach for drug delivery in the pharmaceutical
field due to several benefits and current research development. Polymer nanocomposites
(PNCs) are blends of nanomaterials and polymers with at least one-dimensional structure and
one component in the sub-100 nm range. By incorporating nanoparticles into the polymer matrix,
it is feasible to create a new class of given characteristics. Nano-clay (a type of nanocomposite)
is mainly used for the controlled release of therapeutics in various disease conditions.
Nanocomposites are promising drug delivery systems due to several advantages, including surface
and rheological characteristics. Considering physical and chemical properties, nanocomposites
are divided into two different components. Polymer-fabricated nanocomposites are potentially
used in multi-particulate systems, which results in a controlled drug release profile with
improved mechanical integrity. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery nanocomposites offer an
improved half-life, greater biocompatibility, minimum immunogenicity, site-specific targeting,
and avoid membrane barriers. Specifically, one-dimensional (1D) nanocomposites show promising
responses in theranostics due to improved surface area-to-volume ratios that offer specific
targeting, improved encapsulation efficiency, and susceptibility to biomolecules.
Exploring the Role of Nanotherapeutics for Diagnosis and Treatment of
Solid Tumor
Authors: Verma Ravinder , Akter Rokeya , Kumar Manish , Bhatt Shailendra , Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Tagde Priti , Pandey Parijat , Mittal Vineet , Purohit Deepika , Redhu Rakesh , Rahman Md. Habibur , Kaushik Deepak 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Tumors are increasingly heterogeneous throughout the process of their
growth, producing a mixed-cell community with a range of molecular features and susceptibility
to therapies. Nanotechnology has shown tremendous potential in diagnosing and treating solid
tumors.

Objective:
Most cancer-related deaths are attributed to the lack of early detection and effective
treatment. Its early diagnosis helps overall survival and health-related quality of life in patients
identified with cancer. Nanosystems are favorable for endocytic intracellular retention, high drug
loading, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, greater drug-circulation time, superior dose scheduling
for patient compliance, and site-specific targeting. Integrating nanosystems into biomedical applications
will also reintroduce medicines that are no longer used in clinical practice because of
certain drawbacks and help the identification of new active medicines with their sub-optimal
kinetic profiles. This review provides insights about the targeted cancer treatment based on active
targeting (folate receptor-α, heat shock protein, receptor 2 for epidermal human growth
factor, and CD44 receptor) and various nano device-based systems.

Methodology:
The highly relevant articles were retrieved using various search engines, including
Web of Sciences, Science Direct, Scihub, PubMed, Scopus, PubChem, Google Scholar, and
others. The keywords and phrases used for the search are “liposomes,” “quantum dots,” “nanoparticles,”
“nanocrystals,” “photodynamic therapy,” “passive targeting,” “active targeting,” “nanomaterials,”
“nanotechnology,” “cancer,” “nanotheranostics” and several others. In this review,
we briefly introduced the concept of the contribution of nanotheranostics to cancer therapy with
their recent findings. We also discuss the role of biosensor-based nanosystems in cancer.

Conclusion:
This review addresses nanotechnology’s exciting role in identifying, imaging, and
managing solid tumors and their immense potential.
Use of Saliva to Assess the Adherence to Treatment with Oral Hypoglycemic
Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: de Faria Baltazar Heloisa , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Castelo Paula Midori , da Costa Aguiar Alves Beatriz , Gascón Thaís , da Veiga Glaucia Luciano , Pereira Edimar Cristiano 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is made by demonstrating
the hypoglycemic condition, which involves the determination of plasma glucose, and the
follow-up of hypoglycemic treatment is performed by assessing the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
concentration.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the saliva as an alternative sample in assessing the
adherence to treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Methods:
We selected 68 patients with T2DM, who were subjected to venous blood and saliva
collection, in addition to answering a standardized questionnaire on adherence to hypoglycemic
treatment. Laboratory tests performed on saliva, whole blood, serum or plasma included assessment
of glycemia, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol,
VLDL-cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin.

Results:
It was concluded that 82% of the patients adhered to hypoglycemic treatment based on
glycated hemoglobin concentration (cut-off value of 7.0%). Comparing the groups that adhered to
hypoglycemic treatment and those that did not adhere, statistical differences (P<0.05) were observed
in the glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin use (insulin therapy) parameters.
Plasma glucose and urea serum concentration showed positive correlations when compared to saliva
samples. Regarding the questionnaire, it was found that 35% of the patients presented positive
screening for belief barriers and 83% positive score for recall barriers, and the positive screening
correlated with glycated hemoglobin.

Conclusion:
Data have shown that it is possible to use saliva as an alternative sample to the laboratory
assessment of hypoglycemic treatment adherence in T2DM patients.
NEUROPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES
Authors: PURWONINGSIH EMNI , AROZAL WAWAIMULI , LEE HEE J. , MUNIM ABDUL 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of leaves aqueous extract Moringa oleifera (MW) in chronic stress mouse models.
Methods: Water immersion and stress restraint for 16 d to obtain a chronic stress model animal. Moringa extract flour dissolved in Aquades, dose 800 mg/kg for 23 d, for chronic Stress+MOW group. Fluoxetine in aquades at a dose of 18 mg/kg BW for 23 d for chronic stress group+Fluoxetine. Aquades were given to normal mice (group N), and mice under chronic stress conditions (chronic stress control group). Furthermore, measure behavioral abnormalities by testing depressive behavior and oxidative stress parameters such as anxiety, Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF).
Results: Moringa oleifera water extract administration can improve behavioral disorders caused by stress by decreasing immobility time on the Force swim test, increasing time in the middle area, and increasing the number of returns to center areas on the Open field test. When chronically stressed mice were given fluoxetine and MOW, their MDA levels (p=0.008 and 0.041, respectively) and SOD activity (p=0.001 and 0.004) decreased significantly compared to the chronic stress control group. In contrast, Catalase activity increased significantly in chronically stressed mice given fluoxetine and MOW compared to the chronic stress control group (p=0.010 and 0.013). Administration of fluoxetine and MOW may increase the expression of mRNA BDNF compared to the chronic stress control group (p=0.000 and 0.013).
Conclusion: The study found that MOW can improve behavioral abnormalities, namely anxiety and depression behavior caused by chronic stress exposure, through antioxidant pathways and oxidant systems, and also BDNF
OPTIMIZATION OF ACYCLOVIR SUSPENSION: FORMULATING DEVELOPMENT USING NA-CMC AND QUALITY CONTROL OF FINISHED PRODUCTS
Authors: MUSTARICHIE RESMI , PRIAMBODO DRAJAD , RAMDHANI DANNI , SAPTARINI NYI MEKAR 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Acyclovir is widely used as a potent antiviral drug to treat viral infections of herpes and varicella-zoster families. Unfortunately, the drug has a very poor oral bioavailability character (15-30%). The purpose of this study was to develop a formulation of acyclovir suspension with a simple suspension method using Na-CMC (carboxymethylcellulose sodium), and to carry out quality control of the finished product.
Methods: The formulation was developed by designing variations in Na-CMC concentration and quality control, including pH, viscosity, dispersibility, storage stability, microscopic measurement, sedimentation volume, and evaluation of acyclovir levels. Quality control is to evaluate the suspension in order to obtain good and stable physicochemical properties of the suspension.
Results: Design variations of Na-CMC concentrations of 1.4%, 1.5%, and 1.6% resulted in a homogeneous suspension and easily dispersed perfectly. The three formulas did not have a significant difference in the value of viscosity, permeability, and sedimentation volume, which were not significant. All formulas have pseudoplastic flow properties, with good particle size uniformity in the range of 0–13 µm. The stability of pH during storage time was shown by the formula with 1.5% Na-CMC.
Conclusion: The acyclovir suspension with 1.5% Na-CMC concentration was the best compared to the other formulas in terms of stability and physicochemical properties.
ADVANCES IN AMELIORATING RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS BY ANDROGRAPHOLIDE ETHOSOME-BASED GEL: PHARMACOKINETIC AND ACTIVITY STUDY IN RATS
Authors: ASTUTI KARTIKA FIDI , SURINI SILVIA , BAHTIAR ANTON 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Andrographolide is the primary active constituent that was isolated from Andrographis paniculata and has been adopted to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Several studies revealed that it has poor oral bioavailability and skin penetration, which can be solved through the transdermal delivery of ethosomes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles, relative bioavailability, and efficacy of andrographolide in the form of transdermal ethosomal gel in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) animal models. Methods: Andrographolide was processed into ethosomes using the thin layer hydration-sonication technique. Its physical properties were then characterized, including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency, before it was incorporated into a gel dosage form. An in vivo study was also carried out on male Sprague Dawley rats. Subsequently, two gels, namely ethosomal and non-ethosomal, as well as an oral solution were prepared for the pharmacokinetic study. For the anti-rheumatic activity, thirty-six male rats were divided into three controls as well as three treatment groups, which were treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of andrographolide. During the induction and post-treatment phases, clinical manifestations of arthritis were thoroughly monitored. Results: The andrographolide ethosomes were successfully prepared with particle sizes of 76.35±0.74 nm and entrapment efficiency of 97.87±0.23%. Based on the pharmacokinetic studies, the Cmax obtained for ethosomal and non-ethosomal gel, as well as oral suspension, were 53.07±4.73, 27.34±1.48, and 11.72±0.74 μg/ml with AUC0-∞ of 152.10±16.53, 77.15±12.28, and 23.20±3.46 μg. h/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the relative bioavailability recorded for the preparations was 655.60%. Anti-rheumatic activity investigations revealed that the 50 and 100 mg/kg ethosomal gels reduced oedema volume closely with 0.135 mg methotrexate subcutaneously. Conclusion: The ethosomal gel enhanced Cmax, AUC0-∞, and the relative bioavailability of andrographolide. Furthermore, it reduced oedema volume, ankle joint diameter, and arthritic scores in RA rats.
TEOREMA STOLPER-SAMUELSON, BRECHA SALARIAL Y LIBERALIZACIÓN COMERCIAL: ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE MÉXICO Y ESTADOS UNIDOS, 1990-2020
Authors: Cerezo García Verónica , Landa Díaz Heri Oscar 
Published: January 2023

En la teoría del comercio internacional estándar se asume que el libre intercambio comercial puede conducir a la convergencia de los precios de los bienes y a la igualación de los precios de los factores de la producción. La mayor integración comercial entre México y Estados Unidos ha propiciado un incremento del volumen de exportaciones y una mayor inversión extranjera directa en México. El objetivo principal de este artículo es identificar si el proceso de liberalización comercial ha generado un efecto Stolper-Samuelson en ambos países. Mediante un modelo econométrico con datos panel del periodo 1990-2020, encontramos evidencia de que en México la brecha salarial ha disminuido para los trabajadores con menos educación y de que en Estados Unidos ha sucedido un fenómeno similar para los trabajadores con más educación.

THE STOLPER-SAMUELSON THEOREM, WAGE GAP AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MÉXICO AND THE UNITED STATES, 1990-2020
ABSTRACT
The standard theory of international trade maintains that free trade leads to good and factor of production prices equalization. Following this conventional wisdom, North American countries —in particular Mexico— engaged in a major trade liberalization which led significant increases of both exports and foreign direct investment in Mexico. The aim of this article is to assess whether economic liberalization has induced a Stolper-Samuelson effect in Mexico and the United States. An econometric model is built using panel data for the period 1990-2020 to enquire whether the wage gap has been affected by trade liberalization. It is shown empirically that such gap has been reduced for low-skilled Mexican workers, whereas a similar phenomenon is confirmed for higher-skilled American workers.
Penegakan Hukum Pidana terhadap Polisi yang Melakukan Kekerasan terhadap Para Pengunjuk Rasa
Authors: Sasmita Susi , Lasmadi Sahuri , Erwin Erwin 
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the article is to: write about the regulation of criminal law enforcement and the legal consequences for the police who commit violence against protesters. With this aim, in this article, we will discuss: The regulation of criminal law enforcement and legal consequences for the Police who commit violence against Protesters. With this discussion, the research method used is normative juridical research. This article concludes that: 1) In providing security during rallies, law enforcement officers, in this case the police, still carry out many acts of violence to deal with anarchic protesters. 2) The police as law enforcement officers in dealing with anarchic protesters should prioritize preventive measures and other actions that are permitted and allowed by law to be carried out. 3) Violent actions in dealing with anarchic protesters must be avoided, however, because they can provoke anarchy and even greater chaos. In addition, to Article 18 of Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Police, amendments also need to be made because it is still unclear and firm on the use of the article, as well as regarding the limits on actions that are allowed to be carried out based on that article.
Abstrak
Tujuan artikel untuk: menulis tentang pengaturan penegakan hukum pidana dan akibat hukumnya bagi Polisi yang melakukan kekerasan terhadap Pengunjuk Rasa. Dengan tujuan tersebut maka dalam artikel ini akan dibahas tentang: Pengaturan penegakan hukum pidana dan akibat hukum bagi Polisi yang melakukan kekerasan terhadap Pengunjuk Rasa. Dengan pembahasan tersebut maka metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normative. Artikel ini disimpulkan bahwa: 1)Dalam melakukan pengamanan dalam aksi unjuk rasa, aparat penegak hukum dalam hal ini Polisi masih banyak yang melakukan tindakan kekerasan untuk menangani pengunjuk rasa yang anarkis. 2)Polisi sebagai aparat penegak hukum dalam menangani pengunjuk rasa yang anarkis seharusnya mengedepankan tindakan pencegahan dan tindakan-tindakan lainnya yang dalam aturan hukum diperbolehkan dan memungkinkan untuk dilakukan. 3)Tindakan kekerasan dalam menangani pengunjuk rasa yang anarkis bagaimanapun harus dihindarkan untuk dilakukan karena bisa memancing terjadinya anarkis dan kericuhan yang lebih besar lagi. Selain itu, terhadap Pasal 18 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 Tentang Kepolisian juga perlu dilakukan perubahan dikarenakan masih kurang jelas dan tegas terhadap penggunaan pasal tersebut, serta mengenai batasan atas tindakan yang diperbolehkan untuk dilakukan berdasarkan pada pasal tersebut.