bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in resting-state functional MRI connectivity during and after transcranial direct current stimulation in healthy adults
Authors: Bouchard Amy E. , Renauld Emmanuelle , Fecteau Shirley 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) at rest can influence behaviors. However, its mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study examined the effect of a single session of tDCS over the bilateral DLPFC on resting-state functional connectivity using fMRI (rs-fcMRI) during and after stimulation in healthy adults. We also investigated whether baseline rs-fcMRI predicted tDCS-induced changes in rs-fcMRI.MethodsThis was a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. We delivered tDCS for 30 min at 1 mA with the anode and cathode over the left and right DLPFC, respectively. We used seed-based analyses to measure tDCS-induced effects on whole-brain rs-fcMRI using a 3 (before, during, after stimulation) × 2 (active, sham stimulation) ANOVA.ResultsThere were four significant Time × Stimulation interactions on the connectivity scores with the left DLPFC seed (under the anode electrode) and no interactions for the right DLPFC seed (under the cathode electrode). tDCS changed rs-fcMRI between the left DLPFC seed and parieto-occipital, parietal, parieto-occipitotemporal, and frontal clusters during and after stimulation, as compared to sham. Furthermore, rs-fcMRI prior to stimulation predicted some of these tDCS-induced changes in rs-fcMRI during and after stimulation. For instance, rs-fcMRI of the fronto-parietooccipital network predicted changes observed after active stimulation, rs-fcMRI of the fronto-parietal network predicted changes during active stimulation, whereas rs-fcMRI of the fronto-parieto-occipitotemporal and the frontal networks predicted changes both during and after active stimulation.DiscussionOur findings reveal that tDCS modulated rs-fcMRI both during and after stimulation mainly in regions distal, but also in those proximal to the area under the anode electrode, which were predicted by rs-fcMRI prior to tDCS. It might be worth considering rs-fcMRI to optimize response to tDCS.
An innovative EEG-based emotion recognition using a single channel-specific feature from the brain rhythm code method
Authors: Li Jia Wen , Lin Di , Che Yan , Lv Ju Jian , Chen Rong Jun , Wang Lei Jun , Zeng Xian Xian , Ren Jin Chang , Zhao Hui Min , Lu Xu 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionEfficiently recognizing emotions is a critical pursuit in brain–computer interface (BCI), as it has many applications for intelligent healthcare services. In this work, an innovative approach inspired by the genetic code in bioinformatics, which utilizes brain rhythm code features consisting of δ, θ, α, β, or γ, is proposed for electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition.MethodsThese features are first extracted from the sequencing technique. After evaluating them using four conventional machine learning classifiers, an optimal channel-specific feature that produces the highest accuracy in each emotional case is identified, so emotion recognition through minimal data is realized. By doing so, the complexity of emotion recognition can be significantly reduced, making it more achievable for practical hardware setups.ResultsThe best classification accuracies achieved for the DEAP and MAHNOB datasets range from 83–92%, and for the SEED dataset, it is 78%. The experimental results are impressive, considering the minimal data employed. Further investigation of the optimal features shows that their representative channels are primarily on the frontal region, and associated rhythmic characteristics are typical of multiple kinds. Additionally, individual differences are found, as the optimal feature varies with subjects.DiscussionCompared to previous studies, this work provides insights into designing portable devices, as only one electrode is appropriate to generate satisfactory performances. Consequently, it would advance the understanding of brain rhythms, which offers an innovative solution for classifying EEG signals in diverse BCI applications, including emotion recognition.
Choroidal circulation disturbance is an initial factor in outer retinal degeneration in rats under simulated weightlessness
Authors: Mu Yuxue , Wei Dongyu , Yao Lilingxuan , Xu Xinyue , Li Shaoheng , Cao Ruidan , Chen Tao , Zhang Zuoming 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Microgravity contributes to ocular injury yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism behind choroidal circulation disorder and outer retinal degeneration in rats with simulated weightlessness.Methods: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to evaluate choroidal circulation and retinal morphological alterations in rats with weightlessness simulation. Electroretinogram and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the ultrastructure and function of the choroid and outer retina. Furthermore, histological and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to monitor retinal morphology. Western blotting was performed to analyze the expressions of blood-retinal outer barrier function-related proteins (Cx43, ZO-1, and occludin).Results: The choroidal thickening was observed from the fourth week of simulated weightlessness (p &lt; 0.05), and choroidal capillary density started to decline by the fifth week (p &lt; 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the choroidal vessels were open and operating well by the fourth week. However, most of the mitochondria within the vascular endothelium underwent mild swelling, and by the fifth week, the choroidal vessels had various degrees of erythrocyte aggregation, mitochondrial swelling, and apoptosis. Additionally, ERG demonstrated a decline in retinal function beginning in the fifth week (p &lt; 0.05). TUNEL staining revealed a significantly higher apoptotic index in the outer nuclear layer of the retina (p &lt; 0.05). At the sixth week weeks of simulated weightlessness, OCTA and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of retinal sections revealed that the outer nuclear layer of the retina started to become thin (p &lt; 0.05). Results from western blotting revealed that Cx43, ZO-1, and occludin exhibited decreased expression (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Based on our findings in a rat model of simulated weightlessness, choroidal circulation disturbance induced by choroidal congestion is the initial cause of outer retinal degeneration. Blood-retinal barrier disruption is significant in this process.
Antibiotic Resistance/Susceptibility Profiles of Staphylococcus equorum Strains from Cheese, and Genome Analysis for Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Authors: Vázquez Lucía , Srednik Mariela E. , Rodríguez Javier , Flórez Ana Belén , Mayo Baltasar 
Published: July 2023

In food, bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes could play a prominent role in the spread of resistance. Staphylococcus equorum populations can become large in a number of fermented foods, yet the antibiotic resistance properties of this species have been little studied. In this work, the resistance/susceptibility (R/S) profile of S. equorum strains (n = 30) from cheese to 16 antibiotics was determined by broth microdilution. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all antibiotics was low in most strains, although higher MICs compatible with acquired genes were also noted. Genome analysis of 13 strains showed the S. equorum resistome to be composed of intrinsic mechanisms, acquired mutations, and acquired genes. As such, a plasmidic cat gene providing resistance to chloramphenicol was found in one strain; this was able to provide resistance to Staphylococcus aureus after electroporation. An msr(A) polymorphic gene was identified in five strains. The Mrs(A) variants were associated with variable resistance to erythromycin. However, the genetic data did not always correlate with the phenotype. As such, all strains harbored a polymorphic fosB/fosD gene, although only one acquired copy was associated with strong resistance to fosfomycin. Similarly, a plasmid-associated blaR1-blaZI operon encoding a penicillinase system was identified in five ampicillin- and penicillin G-susceptible strains. Identified genes not associated with phenotypic resistance further included mph(C) in two strains and norA in all strains. The antibiotic R/S status and gene content of S. equorum strains intended to be employed in food systems should be carefully determined.
AYRILMA AKÇESİNİN HESAPLANMASI BAKIMINDAN GERÇEK DEĞER KAVRAMI
Authors: ÖZDAMAR Emine 
Published: July 2023

Limited şirkette ortak şirketten ayrılmakla esas sermaye payının gerçek değerine uyan ayrılma akçesini talep etme hakkına sahip olur. Gerçek değerine uyan ibaresini kanun tanımlamamıştır. Doktrinde çoğunlukla gerçek değerin bilanço değeri olduğu kabul edilmektedir.
Gerçek değer ilkesi şirket sermayesini, alacaklıları ve ayrılan ortağı korumayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrılan ortağın ayrılma akçesine ilişkin hakkı, ortağın ayrılma sebebi ve kusurundan bağımsızdır. Ayrılma akçesinin esas sermaye payının gerçek değeri üzerinden ödenmesi bakımından da ortağın şirketten ayrılma sebebinin bir önemi yoktur.
Payın gerçek değerinin hesaplanmasında taahhüt edilen sermaye payı değil ödenmiş sermaye payı dikkate alınır. Gerçek değerin tam olarak belirlenebilmesi için payın değerine etki eden, paya bağlı hak ve imtiyazlar ile yükümlülüklerin de dikkate alınması gerekir. Payın gerçek değerinin belirlenmesinde esas alınacak tarihe ilişkin TTK md. 597 ve ayrılmaya ilişkin diğer hükümlerde herhangi bir özel düzenleme bulunmamaktadır. Kural olarak bu değerin belirlenmesinde, ortağın ayrıldığı tarih esas alınmalıdır.
Testing SALT Approximations with Numerical Radiation Transfer Code. I. Validity and Applicability
Authors: Carr C. , Michel-Dansac L. , Blaizot J. , Scarlata C. , Henry A. , Verhamme A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Absorption line spectroscopy offers one of the best opportunities to constrain the properties of galactic outflows and the environment of the circumgalactic medium. Extracting physical information from line profiles is difficult; however, for the physics governing the underlying radiation transfer is complicated and depends on many different parameters. Idealized analytical models are necessary to constrain the large parameter spaces efficiently, but are typically plagued by model degeneracy and systematic errors. Comparison tests with idealized numerical radiation transfer codes offer an excellent opportunity to confront both of these issues. In this paper, we present a detailed comparison between SALT, an analytical radiation transfer model for predicting UV spectra of galactic outflows, with the numerical radiation transfer software, RASCAS. Our analysis has led to upgrades to both models including an improved derivation of SALT and a customizable adaptive mesh refinement routine for RASCAS. We explore how well SALT, when paired with a Monte Carlo fitting procedure, can recover flow parameters from nonturbulent and turbulent flows. Overall we find that turbulence leads to biases in the recovery of kinematic parameters and the optical depth, but find that derived quantities (e.g., mass outflow rates, column density, etc.) are still well recovered. From the analysis, we estimate average uncertainties in our ability to measure metal flow rates spanning 0.65 (0.95) dex in M
⊙ yr−1 and uncertainties spanning 0.54 (0.94) dex in cm−2 for column densities at a resolution of 20 (100) km s−1 and signal-to-noise ratio = 10.
Enhanced Black Hole Mergers in Active Galactic Nucleus Disks due to Precession-induced Resonances
Authors: Gautham Bhaskar Hareesh , Li Gongjie , Lin Douglas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks can host sources of gravitational waves. Compact binaries can form and merge in AGN disks through their interactions with the gas and other compact objects in the disk. It is also possible for the binaries to shorten the merging timescale due to eccentricity excitation caused by perturbations from the supermassive black hole (SMBH). In this paper, we focus on effects due to precession-induced (eviction-like) resonances, where the nodal and apsidal precession rates of the binary are commensurable with the mean motion of the binary around the SMBH. We focus on intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH)–stellar-mass black hole binaries and consider binary orbit inclined from the circum-IMBH disk, which leads to the orbital J
2 precession. We show that if a binary is captured in these resonances and is migrating toward the companion, it can undergo large eccentricity and inclination variations. We derive analytical expressions for the location of fixed points, libration timescale, and width for these resonances and identify two resonances in the near-coplanar regime (the evection and eviction resonances) as well as two resonances in the near-polar regime that can lead to mergers. We also derive analytical expressions for the maximum eccentricity that a migrating binary can achieve for given initial conditions. Specifically, the maximum eccentricity can reach 0.9 when captured in these resonances before orbital decay due to gravitational-wave emission dominates, and the capture is only possible for slow migration (∼10 Myr) two to three orders of magnitude longer than the resonance libration timescale. We also show that capture into multiple resonances is possible and can further excite eccentricities.
Hydrodynamic Mixing of Accretion Disk Outflows in Collapsars: Implications for r-process Signatures
Authors: Barnes Jennifer , Duffell Paul C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The astrophysical environments capable of triggering heavy-element synthesis via rapid neutron capture (the r-process) remain uncertain. While binary neutron star mergers (NSMs) are known to forge r-process elements, certain rare supernovae (SNe) have been theorized to supplement—or even dominate—r-production by NSMs. However, the most direct evidence for such SNe, unusual reddening of the emission caused by the high opacities of r-process elements, has not been observed. Recent work identified the distribution of r-process material within the SN ejecta as a key predictor of the ease with which signals associated with r-process enrichment could be discerned. Though this distribution results from hydrodynamic processes at play during the SN explosion, thus far it has been treated only in a parameterized way. We use hydrodynamic simulations to model how disk winds—the alleged locus of r-production in rare SNe—mix with initially r-process-free ejecta. We study mixing as a function of the wind mass, wind duration, and the initial SN explosion energy, and find that it increases with the first two of these and decreases with the third. This suggests that SNe accompanying the longest long-duration gamma-ray bursts are promising places to search for signs of r-process enrichment. We use semianalytic radiation transport to connect hydrodynamics to electromagnetic observables, allowing us to assess the mixing level at which the presence of r-process material can be diagnosed from SN light curves. Analytic arguments constructed atop this foundation imply that a wind-driven r-process-enriched SN model is unlikely to explain standard energetic SNe.
Vibrationally Resolved Absorption and Fluorescence Cross Sections of Adamantane in the Far-ultraviolet Spectral Range on an Absolute Scale
Authors: Marder Lutz , Breier Alexander , de Oliveira Nelson , Reiss Philipp , Schmidt Philipp , Ozga Christian , Küstner-Wetekam Catmarna , Giesen Thomas , Nahon Laurent , Hans Andreas , Knie André , Ehresmann Arno 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
High-resolution absorption, dispersed fluorescence emission, and photoionization cross sections are presented for gas-phase adamantane excited by synchrotron radiation in the exciting-photon energy range of 6–30 eV. Relative and absolute absorption cross sections of so-far unmatched resolution of down to 0.27 cm−1 line width in the region from 6.4–28 eV are shown along with newly discovered vibronic substructures around the HOMO–LUMO transition. Absorption line positions are provided with very high accuracy and listed in tabular form to be used as spectral fingerprints for the detection of adamantane in interstellar media, where its column density may be determined via the absolute cross sections. The fluorescence emission lies in the ultraviolet range from 190–250 nm and is excited starting at the HOMO–LUMO transition at 6.49 eV, which corresponds to the highest fluorescence emission energy. Hitherto unreported fluorescence in the same spectral range and relative photoionization cross sections in the exciting-photon energy range up to 30 eV are also presented along with lifetime measurements for differentiation of the involved electronic states.
The LSST Cadence Impact on Non-time-critical Eclipsing Binary Science
Authors: Prša Andrej , Yoachim Peter , Jones Lynne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is slated to commence in 2025 at the Vera Rubin Observatory. One of the crucial parts of preparing the survey is the choice of observing cadence in an effort to optimize auxiliary science goals while maintaining the core project requirements. Here we look at the impact of proposed cadences, encoded in different operation simulations (opsims), on non-time-critical eclipsing binary science. This is particularly pertinent because LSST is the first large-scale survey that will provide us with color information in addition to high-precision coverage of faint targets. We study the differences between the baseline opsim v2.1 and the latest opsim v3.0 runs. We find that all runs provide sufficient data coverage to enable in-depth studies in the field of eclipsing binaries, and that there are no adverse impacts from any proposed opsim modification studied here.
Pola Intensitas Komunikasi Orang Tua dan Anak terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Anak Usia Prasekolah
Authors: Ulumiatul Fawaida Mohamad Abdul Azis, 
Published: July 2023

Keluarga dan pendidikan tidak bisa dipisahkan, pendidikan di lingkungan keluarga terjadi sejak anak lahir, bahkan setelah anak dewasa pun orangtua masih berhak memberikan pendidikan kepada anaknya. Tetapi saat ini banyak orangtua yang lupa dan menyerahkan tanggung jawab mendidik anaknya hanya kepada sekolah atau guru. padahal sekolah atau guru hanya sebatas membantu orangtua dalam mendidik anak dalam lingkungan sekolah. Orangtua banyak disibukan dengan pekerjaannya, sehingga pola intensitas komunikasi orangtua dengan anak pun berkurang, semestinya anak bisa berbagi informasi dan masalah mereka pada orangtua tetapi intensitas komunikasi jadi berkurang atau bahkan tidak ada. Padahal disisi lain Pola intensitas komunikasi merupakan tingkat kedalaman penyampaian pesan dari individu sebagai anggota keluarga kepada yang lainnya. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar Pola Intensitas Komunikasi Antara Orangtua dan Anak Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Anak Usia Prasekolah, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian Kuantitatif, dengan memakai teknik korelasi sebab akhibat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara Pola Komunikasi Orangtua Dan Anak Terhadap Perkembangan Soasial Anak Usia Prasekolah. Sebab seorang anak yang tumbuh dalam sebuah keluaraga yang tinggi tingkat pola intensitas komunikasinya maka akan memiliki perkembangan sosial yang baik pula.
Urgensi Kepemimpinan Karismatik Kepala Sekolah dalam Manajemen Pendidikan
Authors: Sugiarti Anja 
Published: July 2023

Kepemimpinan merupakan salah satu hal urgen dan vital yang mengarahkan organisasi menuju hasil akhir yang ingin dicapai. Salah satu gaya kepemimpinan yang menarik untuk dikaji adalah gaya kepemimpinan karismatik. Penelitian ini mencoba menguraikan definisi kepemimpinan karismatik dan menganalisisnya dalam konteks manajemen pendidikan yang digeluti oleh kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin lembaga pendidikan. Penelitian ini memiliki paradigma kualitatif. Penelitian ini mengambil data berupa pengertian dan konsep-konsep dari manajemen pendidikan dan kepemimpinan karismatik. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan kepemimpinan karismatik adalah gaya kepemimpinan dari seorang pemimpin yang mampu memengaruhi dan menggerakkan orang-orang yang dipimpinnya. Adapun urgensi dari kepemimpinan karismatik bagi seorang kepala sekolah antara lain perencanaan dilakukan secara musyawarah dan terbuka dan didukung oleh bawahan, organizing dapat dilakukan dengan mudah dan proporsional, actuating sangat efektif berjalan sesuai rencana karena adanya loyalitas yang tinggi terhadap sosok kepala sekolah, dan pengawasan sangat efektif disebabkan oleh kemampuan kepala sekolah dalam membangun relasi dan seorang public speaker yang andal.
Commons and Dynamics of Power in Medieval Southern Europe
Authors: Viso Martín Iñaki , Rao Riccardo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article presents a comparative analysis of
the commons in two broad regions of medieval southern Europe: northern
Italy and the Iberian Peninsula’s Duero Plateau. Recent scholarship on
different regions of northern Europe has highlighted the centrality of
common lands to both agrosystems and the organization of communities,
drawing on the economic theories of Elinor Ostrom and generally
focusing on the early modern period. It has also suggested a contrast
between resilient communities in northern Europe, where the presence
of stable commons helped absorb social inequality, and those of
southern Europe, where less solid commons supposedly resulted in lower
cohesion among communities. Our longue-durée comparative study of these two
regions shows, however, that commons existed in southern Europe from
the early medieval period on. It also reveals how they evolved and
adapted throughout the High and late Middle Ages, in tandem with the
documentary practices that recorded them. This resilience took
different forms in each of the areas studied, reflecting the influence
of a range of different factors across southern Europe. The commons
endured because they were part of a “moral economy” of collective use,
which, in constant dialogue with notions of property and ownership,
helped forge lasting identities in both rural and urban contexts and
on different scales.