bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Authentic Leadership on Employee Performance: Ethical Climate as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Arimatika Erlina Unting , Erlina Rr. , Hayati Keumala 
Published: May 2023

In the environment of State Universities in the City of Bandar Lampung, the ethical climate is a major concern considering the duties and obligations of institutions that are bound to ethics. The existence of ethical weaknesses in each State University can lead to weaknesses, namely the lack of high level of authentic leadership as it will arise that only leaders with the mind, not with the heart, causing a lack of communication between staff and leaders with procedures that are still not right and a lack of focus results, causing a lot of less work to be completed on time. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of authentic leadership on employee performance. The effect of ethical climate as a moderating variable, this study used the Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) analysis tool. The empirical findings obtained are that authentic leadership has a significant positive effect on employee performance and an ethical climate that is not met moderates the effect of authentic leadership on employee performance. Some things are suggested in order to consider all options and counter views before taking a series of actions with good planning thinking and discussing openly, focusing on others is expected to increase awareness around ethics according to morality and honesty, especially superiors so that they can set an exemplary role model or role model for subordinates, as well as increasing responsibility and creating order to others so that it can run well.
The entire population of State Universities is 1650 employees, with a sample of 174 respondents came from employees at State Universities in Bandar Lampung City. The data collection used is by distributing questionnaires. Based on the results of Multiple Regression Analysis, it is known that the sig values of the Authentic Leadership variables (X), Ethical Climate (M) are sig values of 0.900, a significant level of > 0.05 indicates that authentic leadership, if moderated by an ethical climate, does not have a positive and significant effect on employee performance.
Influence of Distributive Fairness on Performance Appraisal Practices in Public Secondary Schoolsin Cherangany Sub-County
Authors: Njuguna Benson Chege , Kisilu Kitainge 
Published: May 2023

Aims: Teachers’ performance appraisal has been an integral component of teacher management system in Kenya. As such its application is critical in ensuring quality delivery. This study therefore sought to establish the influence of distributive fairness on implementation of performance appraisal practices in public secondary schools in Cherangany Sub-County.
Study Design: The study used concurrent triangulation design.
Place and Duration of the Study: Public secondary schools in Cherangany Sub-County.
Methodology: The study included 187 respondents. Of these there were 37 (25 male and 12 femaleprincipals having an age range of 35 – 51 years). In addition 150(80 male and 70 female teachers were included. Stratified, simple random and purposive sampling was used to select respondents. Questionnaire was used to collect information and opinions from teachers and interviews from the principals.
Results: There was a significant positive influence of distributive fairness on implementation of performance appraisal practices (r= 0.51, p =0.000). Therefore, the more distributive fairness led to an increase in implementation of performance appraisal practices.
Conclusion: The results indicated positive influence of distributive fairness in the implementation of performance appraisal practices in public secondary schools in Cherangany Sub-County. To change the negative influence from the teachers, the study recommends use of a combination of methods in collection of performance appraisal data such as peer observation, self-evaluation, 360-degree assessment, verbal discussions and external assessment. The teachers should however be involved in selection of the preferred appraisal methods.
Estimation of Lipid and Fatty Acids Composition over the Ground Part of Nepeta olgae Regel (L.) Plants Growing in Namangan Region
Authors: Mamadjonova M. Yu. , Dekhkanov R. S. , Abdullaev Sh. V. 
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the study of lipids and fatty acid composition of the above-ground part of the Nepeta olgae Regel (L.) plant of the Laminaceae family. It was found that the content of neutral lipids (NL) is 5.54%, PL - 6.12%, and total lipids (NL, PL) - 11.66%. Of the neutral lipids, the unsaponifiable substances (HB) had a bright yellow color, which is explained by a small amount of carotenoids (88.87 mg%). Glycolipids dominate in PL. Among the unsaponifiable substances were found biologically active components such as hydrocarbons, carotenoids, aliphatic alcohols, sterols and triterpenols. Phytosterols were the main component of unsaponifiable NS.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of fatty acids from the plant Nepeta olgae Regel (L.) was carried out by gas chromatography (GC). 28 acids were identified, of which 11 compounds are saturated, and 7 compounds are unsaturated fatty acids. Of the fatty acids, the main ones are linolenic 18:3 (35.48), palmitic 16:0 (33.38%), as well as ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosanoic 20:1, cis-11,14-eicosadienoic 20:2, 8,11,14-eicosatriene 20:3 + arachidonic 20:4.
Extracts of Nepeta olgae Regel (L.) were distinguished by a high content of polyunsaturated acids, which determines their potential biological activity.
Association between Age Gain, Parkinsonism and Pesticides: A Public Health Problem?
Authors: Cristina-Pereira Renata , Trevisan Kaynara , Vasconcelos-da-Silva Ediana , Figueredo-da-Silva Sylla , F. Magri Micheli Patricia de , Brunelli Lisandre F. , Aversi-Ferreira Tales Alexandre 
Published: May 2023

As life expectancy increases worldwide, so does the time available for prolonged exposure to toxic materials in the environment that have the potential to exert gradual pressure, facilitating the onset of aging in the body.
Neural/behavioral alterations are linked to age gain, making the understanding of the aging process more complex considering the high complexity of the neural system and, although neuropsychological, pathological and neuroimaging criteria have been established to differentiate between normal and pathological aging, diagnosing the mild cognitive problems of each elderly individual remains a challenge.
Parkinson's disease is recognized as one of the most common neurological disorders in the elderly, whose intrinsic cause is still unknown, but its main molecular basis is the decrease in dopamine produced in the substantia nigra. Studies have suggested that exposure to organophosphate, the glyphosate class, in different organisms, are capable of promoting bodily malformations, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, metabolic disorders, among others. The effects of pesticides on the environment, associated with their exacerbated permanence in the environment, indicate that more and more people may suffer their deleterious action, which may be the cause of some neurodegenerative disorders. The main objective of this study was to use specific data from the literature on Parkinsonism, correlating it with aging and contamination by pesticides.
In fact, the health risks inherent in the use of pesticides are greater the greater the intensity of exposure to them and, considering the widespread use of pesticides today, the number of poisoning of the human population and animals will increase. Therefore, in terms of literary data, contamination with pesticides may be associated with a public health problem and, therefore, a possible increase in dementia processes, thus Parkinsonism.
National Telehealth Contingency Staffing Program and Primary Care Quality in the VHA
Authors: Liu Terrence , Wheat Chelle L. , Rojas Jorge , O’Shea Amy M. J. , Nelson Karin M. , Reddy Ashok 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceThe Veterans Health Administration (VHA) launched the Clinical Resource Hub (CRH), a national telehealth contingency staffing program, to address primary care staffing shortages and improve veteran access to primary care. How this large-scale telehealth intervention affects quality of care is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the quality of care for chronic disease management among US veterans receiving high vs low levels of CRH-delivered primary care services and whether racial and ethnic minority veterans experience outcomes similar to those of White veterans when receiving CRH-delivered care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective quality improvement study was conducted using VHA administrative data. Veterans receiving primary care services from CRH clinicians between October 1, 2022, to September 30, 2023, were included.ExposuresLow, medium, and high tertiles of CRH intensity, defined as the proportion of a veteran’s CRH primary care visits to their total primary care visits within the study period.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were chronic disease quality measures for 2 common conditions in ambulatory care: diabetes and hypertension. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between individual-level receipt of care from a CRH clinician and the study outcomes.ResultsThis study included 71 508 veterans (mean [SD] age, 66 [15] years; 91.4% were male). Veterans who received a higher proportion of care from CRH clinicians were more likely to have improved blood pressure control compared with those who received a lower proportion of care. Higher vs lower CRH intensity was associated with improved blood pressure control among veterans with diabetes (79.5% [95% CI, 78.5%-80.4%] vs 76.6% [95% CI, 75.7%-77.5%]) and veterans with hypertension (76.8% [95% CI, 76.0%-77.5%] vs 73.9% [95% CI, 73.2%-74.7%]). Among racial and ethnic minority veterans, no association between CRH intensity and clinical quality was observed.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this large retrospective cohort study among veterans receiving primary care services through a national telehealth contingency staffing program, veterans with a higher proportion of care from CRH clinicians had improvement in blood pressure outcomes. These findings suggest that the CRH program may be helpful in addressing veteran primary care needs without introducing or worsening disparities in ambulatory quality measures among racial and ethnic minority veterans. As health systems face staffing shortages in primary care, these findings can inform strategies for equitable implementation of large-scale telehealth initiatives to fill these gaps and maintain timely access to primary care.
SPRINT Treatment Among Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease From 2 Large Health Care Systems
Authors: Kurella Tamura Manjula , Huang Mengjiao , An Jaejin , Zhou Mengnan , Niu Fang , Sim John J. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Gaussoin Sarah A. , Li June , Odden Michelle C. , Chang Tara I. , Charu Vivek , Montez-Rath Maria E. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceIt is unclear whether the effects of intensive vs standard blood pressure (BP) targets seen in clinical trials generalize to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) encountered in everyday practice due to differences in the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and coexisting conditions.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the beneficial and adverse effects of intensive vs standard BP control observed in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) are transportable to a target population of adults with CKD in clinical practice.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis comparative effectiveness study identified 2 populations with CKD who met the eligibility criteria for SPRINT between January 1 and December 31, 2019, in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Kaiser Permanente of Southern California (KPSC). Baseline covariate, treatment, and outcome data from SPRINT were combined with covariate data from these populations to estimate the treatment effects in the target population, applying models that estimated outcomes using distributions in the trial. Analysis was performed between May 2023 and October 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were major cardiovascular events, all-cause death, cognitive impairment, CKD progression, and adverse events at 4 years.ResultsA total of 85 938 patients (mean [SD] age, 75.7 [10.0] years; 81 628 [95.0%] male) from the VHA and 13 983 patients (mean [SD] age, 77.4 [9.6] years; 5371 [38.4%] male) from KPSC were included. Compared with 9361 SPRINT participants (mean [SD] age, 67.9 [9.4] years; 6029 [64.4%] male), these patients were older, had less prevalent cardiovascular disease, higher albuminuria, and used more statins. The associations of intensive vs standard BP control with major cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and adverse events were transportable from the trial to the VHA and KPSC populations; however, the trial’s effects on cognitive and CKD outcomes were not transportable in 1 or both clinical populations. Intensive vs standard BP treatment was associated with lower absolute risks for major cardiovascular events at 4 years by 5.1% (95% CI, −9.8% to 3.2%) in the VHA population and 3.0% (95% CI, −6.3% to 0.3%) in the KPSC population and higher risks for adverse events by 1.3% (95% CI, −5.5% to 7.7%) in the VHA population and 3.1% (95% CI, −1.5% to 8.3%) in the KPSC population.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this comparative effectiveness study, the reduction in fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular end points and the increase in adverse events observed in SPRINT were largely transportable to trial-eligible CKD populations from clinical practice, suggesting benefits of implementing intensive BP targets.
KRAS Mutation Status and Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Norton Carter , Shaw Matthew Steven , Rubnitz Zachary , Smith Jarrod , Soares Heloisa P. , Nevala-Plagemann Christopher D. , Garrido-Laguna Ignacio , Florou Vaia 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceDespite the high prevalence of KRAS alterations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the clinical impact of common KRAS mutations with different cytotoxic regimens is unknown. This evidence is important to inform current treatment and provide a benchmark for emergent targeted KRAS therapies in metastatic PDAC.ObjectiveTo assess the clinical implications of common KRAS G12 mutations in PDAC and to compare outcomes of standard-of-care multiagent therapies across these common mutations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study obtained deidentified clinical data for 5382 patients from a nationwide (US-based) clinicogenomic database. The deidentified data originated from approximately 280 US cancer clinics (approximately 800 sites of care). Patients diagnosed with metastatic PDAC from February 9, 2010, to September 20, 2022, and with sufficient follow-up and treatment data were included.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMedian overall survival (OS) and time to next treatment (TTNT) were calculated for each KRAS mutation group. Hazard ratios (HRs) were generated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for KRAS mutations and mutation-treatment combinations.ResultsA total of 2433 patients with PDAC were included in the analysis (mean age at first treatment, 67.0 [range, 66.0-68.0] years; 1340 male [55.1%]). Among 2023 patients with KRAS mutations, those with G12R had the longest median TTNT (6.0 [95% CI, 5.2-6.6] months) and the longest median OS (13.2 [95% CI, 10.6-15.2] months). Patients with KRAS G12D and G12V mutations had a significantly higher risk of disease progression (HRs, 1.15; [95% CI, 1.04-1.29; P = .009] and 1.16 [95% CI, 1.04-1.30; P = .01], respectively) and death (HRs, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.15-1.45; P &amp;lt; .001] and 1.23 [95% CI, 1.09-1.39; P &amp;lt; .001], respectively) compared with KRAS wild type. The FOLFIRINOX regimen (fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin) had a significantly lower risk of treatment progression and death than gemcitabine with (HRs, 1.19 [95% CI, [1.09-1.29; P &amp;lt; .001] and 1.18 [95% CI, 1.07-1.29; P &amp;lt; .001], respectively) or without (HRs, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.11-1.69; P = .003] and 1.41 [95% CI 1.13-1.75; P = .002], respectively) nab-paclitaxel across all patients.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of 2433 patients with PDAC, KRAS G12D and G12V mutations were associated with worse patient outcomes compared with KRAS wild type. KRAS G12R was associated with more favorable patient outcomes, and FOLFIRINOX was associated with better patient outcomes than gemcitabine-based therapies. These findings highlight the need for more effective systemic therapies for these groups of patients.
Computer‐Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS)
Authors: Séror Jérémie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The digital age has ushered in a new era of software programs and applications designed to support research. While many of these tools have become commonplace for researchers, tools designed to support qualitative data analysis remain a source of questions regarding their impact, value, and unique affordances for both novice and established qualitative scholars. Also known as computer‐assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) or qualitative data analysis software (QDAS), these computer programs are designed to assist researchers as they engage in the process of carrying out qualitative data analysis. This entry provides an overview of the affordances of these tools, including an overview of recent developments and their potential to allow researchers to work digitally with qualitative data to enhance the efficiency and validity of the analytical process and its research outcomes.
Critical Pedagogy in Language Teaching
Authors: Crookes Graham V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this entry, the application of critical pedagogy to second‐language teaching is summarized. Critical pedagogy is a perspective on teaching and curriculum which intends to foster action to increase social justice in cultures and societies. It has been increasingly applied in the teaching of second languages. The entry addresses the overall goals of critical pedagogy (social justice). It briefly considers actions that have been reported and forms of classroom activity (such as the project) that lend themselves to fostering action. Other characteristic features of curriculum and materials that support critical language teaching, such as the use of “codes” in materials, are considered. In conclusion, the history and future of this area are considered briefly.
Pragmatics and Stance
Authors: Spronck Stef 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This entry examines stance, here defined as those aspects of language that reveal features of individual experience and ways of relating to the world and others. Stance imbues every human (communicative) act, but is also associated with a range of dedicated linguistic expressions, which makes it particularly challenging to delimit the phenomenon in a cross‐theoretical and cross‐linguistically uncontroversial fashion. This is where pragmatics comes in: an explicit pragmatic theory is required to identify and motivate relevant semantic and notional categorizations in the linguistic analysis of stance.

Stef Spronck is a lecturer in language and communication at Utrecht University and a postdoctoral researcher in Indigenous Studies at the University of Helsinki. He obtained his PhD from the Australian National University (2016) with a thesis on reported speech in the Aboriginal language Ngarinyin and subsequently worked on perspective taking as a postdoctoral fellow at the Universities of Leuven and Helsinki. He is interested in the relation between social cognition, dialogue, and grammar and, in particular, studies the cross‐linguistic forms and functions of reported speech. His research has appeared in journals like
Frontiers of Communication
,
Journal of Pragmatics
,
Linguistic Typology
, among many others.
Complementation
Authors: Egan Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Complementation is one of the two main ways in which linguistic forms, such as words, may be linked to other forms. The other major relationship is called modification. A complement is said to be licensed by another word, which is in need of it in order to make sense. For instance, an object which is licensed by a transitive verb is said to be a complement of that verb. In order to form a meaningful utterance, the object needs to be either explicitly present or implicit in the context. There are five main word classes that take complements, verbs and prepositions (or postpositions), which normally require them, and adjectives, nouns, and adverbs, which occasionally require them. The five are illustrated in this chapter with examples from English, which, unlike some languages, exhibits all five types.
Modal Particles in German
Authors: Schoonjans Steven 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Modal particles (
Modalpartikeln
, often also called discourse particles) in German constitute a group of words that are used to add a particular intersubjective nuance, called
Abtönung
“downtoning,” to an utterance: they modify the illocutionary function of an utterance by indicating, for instance, the speaker's take on the utterance or on how it relates to the context, thereby giving an indication of how the interlocutor is expected to react. The category of modal particles is mainly defined through formal features that are mostly put in a negative way: modal particles are uninflected, typically unstressed, cannot be intensified or negated, do not normally occur outside of the so‐called middle field of the sentence, and while they are often combined, they cannot be subject to coordination. This entry offers a more extensive presentation of the category of modal particles in German, discussing in more detail their function and their form features, and gives an overview of prominent research topics in current modal particle research.
Translingual Writing
Authors: Machado Emily 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Translingual writing is a theoretical and pedagogical approach that seeks to reframe understandings of linguistic difference in writing. Rooted in the field of composition studies, translingual perspectives build on efforts to acknowledge and value increasing linguistic diversity in writing classrooms and disrupt the monolingual ideologies on which writing instruction has often relied. Such perspectives encourage students to compose using a wide range of communicative resources and urge instructors to take up stances of openness as they read students' work. Translingual writing is often associated with practices such as code‐meshing and translation. However, translingual perspectives extend beyond a focus on practices and products alone and can be applied in the study of all forms of writing. Translingualism has contributed to multiple fields of study (e.g., literacy studies, applied linguistics, and bilingual education), particularly as it has supported researchers and instructors in rethinking what is valued as “good” writing.