bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outside the brackets: Why school administrators fail to see gendered harassment within an antibullying law
Authors: Lane Jeffrey , Shepherd Hana , Avella Holly , Martin Aaron 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMuch of school bullying involves students policing the gender roles and sexuality of other students. The proliferation of antibullying laws presents an opportunity to formally punish and mark gendered harassment as unacceptable. However, when this form of peer policing involves girls, administrators often consider it to fall outside the purview of the law. We use bracketing theory to understand how middle school administrators in New Jersey assess whether student behavior violates a statewide harassment, intimidation, and bullying law. We find that, according to administrators, violations require relational asymmetry between an aggressor and victim: an imbalance of power and disproportionate participation. Administrators rarely see gendered harassment as bullying because of the relational stereotypes they attach to girl students, which often preclude interpretations of relational asymmetry. We discuss how gender beliefs among administrators and “bracketing failures” explain the ways antibullying laws allow hegemonic beliefs about gender and sexuality to remain untroubled.
Writing instruction for social justice: an investigation into the components of a teacher preparation course
Authors: Lavoie Émilie , Cavanagh Martine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFuture teachers must notice, navigate, and address ideologies in order to counter inequities in the literacy classroom. This article presents the findings of two teacher educators who have taken up the call to critically reflect on their own underlying beliefs and discourses regarding writing instruction. Through an education design framework, they analysed important components of the course, arguing for a higher degree of visibility of the ideologies and social forces that impact writing instruction. They found that despite encouraging a fairly complex and all‐encompassing view of learning to write to the future teachers in their course, the creativity discourse was present passively and the socio‐political was downright absent, despite clear social justice aims in the course. They discuss how well‐established discourses can serve as gateways to embed the socio‐political into the course and address more granularly the question of exclusion through selected mentor texts.
A Leland model for delta hedging in central risk books
Authors: Muhle‐Karbe Johannes , Wang Zexin , Webster Kevin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing a tractable extension of the model of Leland (1985), we study how a delta‐hedging strategy can realistically be implemented using market and limit orders in a centralized, automated market‐making desk that integrates trading and liquidity provision for both options and their underlyings. In the continuous‐time limit, the optimal limit‐order exposure can be computed explicitly by a pointwise maximization. It is determined by the relative magnitudes of adverse selection, bid–ask spreads, and volatilities. The corresponding option price—from which the option can be replicated using market and limit orders—is characterized via a nonlinear PDE. Our results highlight the benefit of tactical liquidity provision for contrarian trading strategies, even for a trading desk that is not a competitive market maker. More generally, the paper also showcases how reduced‐form models are competitive with “brute force” numerical approaches to market microstructure. Both the estimation of microstructure parameters and the simulation of the optimal trading strategy are made concrete and reconciled with real‐life high frequency data.
The Influence of Executive Processing on Reading Comprehension During Adolescence
Authors: Banich Marie T. , Wang Kai , Kim Hyojeong , Leopold Daniel R. , Reineberg Andrew E. , Thompson Lee A. , Willcutt Erik G. , Cutting Laurie E. , Petrill Stephen A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper reviews three studies investigating the relationship between brain regions involved in executive control and those involved in reading comprehension in typically‐developing teens. In the first study, three regions of posterior left lateral prefrontal cortex (i.e., precentral gyrus, inferior frontal junction, inferior frontal gyrus) were consistently activated across three task domains: reading comprehension, numerical estimation, and executive processes in working memory, suggesting these regions exert domain‐general executive control. In a second study, brain activity in the precentral gyrus during reading comprehension was found to be associated with individual differences in reading achievement. A subsequent investigation indicated that while all three prefrontal regions exhibit greater connectivity to the angular gyrus during reading comprehension compared to symbol identification, each also exhibits unique connectivity to distinct posterior regions implicated in reading processes. Hence, reading difficulties during adolescence may arise, in part, from difficulties in executive control over processing in language‐related brain regions.
Defensive symbiosis in the wild: Seasonal dynamics of parasitism risk and symbiont‐conferred resistance
Authors: Gimmi Elena , Wallisch Jesper , Vorburger Christoph 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParasite‐mediated selection can rapidly drive up resistance levels in host populations, but fixation of resistance traits may be prevented by costs of resistance. Black bean aphids (Aphis fabae) benefit from increased resistance to parasitoids when carrying the defensive bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa. However, due to fitness costs that come with symbiont infection, symbiont‐conferred resistance may result in either a net benefit or a net cost to the aphid host, depending on parasitoid presence as well as on the general ecological context. Balancing selection may therefore explain why in natural aphid populations, H. defensa is often found at intermediate frequencies. Here we present a 2‐year field study where we set out to look for signatures of balancing selection in natural aphid populations. We collected temporally well‐resolved data on the prevalence of H. defensa in A. f. fabae and estimated the risk imposed by parasitoids using sentinel hosts. Despite a marked and consistent early‐summer peak in parasitism risk, and significant changes in symbiont prevalence over time, we found just a weak correlation between parasitism risk and H. defensa frequency dynamics. H. defensa prevalence in the populations under study was, in fact, better explained by the number of heat days that previous aphid generations were exposed to. Our study grants an unprecedentedly well‐resolved insight into the dynamics of endosymbiont and parasitoid communities of A. f. fabae populations, and it adds to a growing body of empirical evidence suggesting that not only parasitism risk, but rather multifarious selection is shaping H. defensa prevalence in the wild.
Sultanism and Civil War in Libya
Authors: Tunesi Ibrahim Sadoun R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe 2011 Libyan uprising transformed into a civil war in a matter of days—and it has lasted more than a decade. What made this uprising different from others? This article argues that the type of system determined the outcome of the revolt. It posits a relationship between Muammar Qadhafi's sultanistic regime and the fragile political institutions that have allowed the chaos and rivalry to persist without resolution. To demonstrate this, Libyan citizens were surveyed about their perceptions of how Qadhafi shaped the political order responsible for today's institutional vacuum. While the revolution revealed the Qadhafi regime's lack of popular and foreign support, as well as the inadequacies of state institutions, it could not use institutional channels to mobilize the public and organize authority, as in Tunisia and Egypt. The civil war, coupled with the interventions of regional and international powers in support of local actors and militias, has made the Libyan case different. The article also explains how the passive stances of the League of Arab States and the United Nations paved the way for external rivalries.
Advantages and limitations of UV cross‐linking analysis of protein–RNA interactomes in microbes
Authors: Esteban‐Serna Sofia , McCaughan Hugh , Granneman Sander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) govern the lifespan of nearly all transcripts and play key roles in adaptive responses in microbes. A robust approach to examine protein–RNA interactions involves irradiating cells with UV light to form covalent adducts between RBPs and their cognate RNAs. Combined with RNA or protein purification, these procedures can provide global RBP censuses or transcriptomic maps for all target sequences of a single protein in living cells. The recent development of novel methods has quickly populated the RBP landscape in microorganisms. Here, we provide an overview of prominent UV cross‐linking techniques which have been applied to investigate RNA interactomes in microbes. By assessing their advantages and caveats, this technical evaluation intends to guide the selection of appropriate methods and experimental design as well as to encourage the use of complementary UV‐dependent techniques to inspect RNA‐binding activity.
Qualitative menu labelling in university restaurants and its influence on food choices: A systematic review and synthesis without meta‐analysis
Authors: Fogolari Natalia , Souza Aretusa D. , Bernardo Greyce L. , Uggioni Paula L. , Oliveira Renata C. , Rodrigues Vanessa M. , Proença Rossana P. C. , Fernandes Ana C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQualitative menu labelling can be defined as descriptive or non‐numerical interpretive labels (e.g. traffic light labelling, healthy food symbols, messages or ingredient lists). Qualitative information seems to have a positive influence on consumers' food choices, particularly in institutional food service establishments, such as in universities. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the influence of different formats of qualitative menu labelling on food choices in university restaurants. This systematic review was guided by the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) and Synthesis Without Meta‐Analysis (SWiM) and conducted vote counting of studies based on the direction of effect. Studies were retrieved from Cochrane Library, Scopus, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and Web of Science databases and reference lists of selected articles. Experimental and quasi‐experimental studies were included. Two independent researchers searched and extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. From the initial search (460 records), four papers were selected, plus one paper identified in a previous study and a further six from an update search, totalling 11 included studies, reporting 14 different interventions (n = 499 174). Types of interventions included the use of symbols and the inclusion of traffic light labelling. Outcomes of interest were food choice, expressed as mean, median or percent healthy food choices or purchases. Qualitative menu labels increased healthy food choices and/or purchase behaviour, with 10 of 12 interventions favouring the intervention (83%; 95%CI 55–95%; p = 0.0386). Most of the studies favouring the intervention used healthy food symbols for healthier foods or food components, alone or in association with another intervention and were of moderate and weak quality. These findings may serve as a basis for the implementation of nutrition information policies in university restaurants.
A retrospective database analysis of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent treatment patterns and associated healthcare resource use in patients with non–dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease–related anaemia in Japan
Authors: Mishina Sari , Waratani Miina , Onozawa Satoshi , Okumura Hiroyuki , Ito Yuichiro , Yasuda Yoshinari 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to evaluate clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and healthcare resource use (HCRU) for patients in Japan with non–dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anaemia.MethodsThis retrospective, longitudinal, epidemiological database extraction study used the JMDC Claims Database, comprising ~9.4 million unique beneficiaries. The observation period for anaemia and erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA)/iron treatment was 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018, and for HCRU and costs was 1 April 2016 to 31 March 2018. The non–dialysis‐dependent CKD anaemia population, and the ESA treatment, iron treatment, and no‐treatment cohorts were evaluated. Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes were summarised descriptively.ResultsThe non–dialysis‐dependent CKD anaemia population included 5908 patients (7.9%), with 464 patients in the ESA treatment cohort, 809 patients (13.7%) in the iron treatment cohort (13.7%), and 4405 (74.6%) patients in the no‐treatment cohort. The prevalence of patients prescribed an antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and/or antihyperlipidaemic medication generally increased with increasing baseline CKD stage. Proportions of no treatment for anaemia decreased while ESA treatment increased with increasing CKD stage; ESA treatment increased with decreasing baseline haemoglobin levels. Patients in the ESA treatment cohort generally had more frequent events associated with HCRU and higher costs from HCRU‐associated activities (e.g., inpatient and outpatient care, pharmacy).ConclusionAs CKD severity increased, anaemia management changed from iron use or no treatment to ESA use; however, anaemia may be undertreated across all CKD stages. ESA‐treated patients incurred greater HCRU‐associated costs relative to other patients with non–dialysis‐dependent CKD anaemia in Japan.
rWCVP: a companion R package for the World Checklist of Vascular Plants
Authors: Brown Matilda J. M. , Walker Barnaby E. , Black Nicholas , Govaerts Rafaël H. A. , Ondo Ian , Turner Robert , Nic Lughadha Eimear 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThe World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) is an extremely valuable resource that is being used to address many fundamental and applied questions in plant science, conservation, ecology and evolution. However, databases of this size require data manipulation skills that pose a barrier to many potential users. Here, we present rWCVP, an open‐source R package that aims to facilitate the use of the WCVP by providing clear, intuitive functions to execute many common tasks. These functions include taxonomic name reconciliation, geospatial integration, mapping and generation of multiple different summaries of the WCVP in both data and report format. We have included extensive documentation and tutorials, providing step‐by‐step guides that are accessible even to users with minimal programming experience. rWCVP is available on cran and GitHub.
The prospects for gun policy change following mass shootings
Authors: Merry Melissa K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe mass shootings in Buffalo, New York, and Uvalde, Texas in May 2022 prompted Congress to enact the first significant federal gun legislation since the 1990s. While many commentators have framed this policy change as a remarkable break from the long‐standing pattern of inaction on gun violence, I argue that political actors perceived and responded to the problem in familiar ways. Drawing on agenda setting and information processing theories, I highlight factors that suggest no fundamental alteration in how the U.S. political system responds to gun injury and death. I also point to changes in public opinion and in the interest group landscape that have the potential (in the long term) to transform the politics of gun policy. Finally, I conclude with some near‐term expectations for policy making and its effects on the issue.Related ArticlesCagle, M. Christine, and J. Michael Martinez. 2004. “Have Gun, Will Travel: The Dispute between the CDC and the NRA on Firearm Violence as a Public Health Problem.”Politics & Policy32(2): 278–310.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2004.tb00185.x.Joslyn, Mark R., and Donald P. Haider‐Markel. 2018. “Motivated Innumeracy: Estimating the Size of the Gun Owner Population and its Consequences for Opposition to Gun Restrictions.”Politics & Policy46(6): 827–50.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12276.Schwartz, Noah S. 2021. “Guns in the North: Assessing the Impact of Social Identity on Firearms Advocacy in Canada.”Politics & Policy49(3): 715–818.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12412.
Physical condition and activity of daily living among aging inpatients with mental disorders in Guangzhou, China: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wu Jialan , Ye Junrong , Wang Chen , Li Shaohua , Wu Chenxin , Yuan Lexin , Wang Haoyun , Gao Yun , Huang Xingxiao , Huang Meilian , Zhong Xiaomei , Ning Yuping , Guo Jianxiong , Xiao Aixiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe number of elderly with mental disorders is increasing, but few studies have been concerned with the physical condition and activities of daily living (ADL) of these patients. This study aims to describe the physical condition and ADL of patients with mental illnesses (PMI) from different age groups, which provides evidence to improve mental health services for PMI.MethodsIn this prospective cross‐sectional study, the samples were divided into three groups of less than 60 years old (group 1), 60–74 years old (group 2), and over 75 years old (group 3) for comparison. Participants' ADL and physical condition were measure by Barthel Index (BI), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Standardised swallowing assessment (SSA) and Short Form of Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA‐SF). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to measure psychological condition.ResultsTotally, 392 participants had been recruited, meanwhile 86% of them were diagnosed with at least one physical disease. There were statistically significant differences in the three groups of participants in BI (F = 50.603, P < 0.001), FAQ (F = 40.332, P < 0.001), SSA (F = 28.574, P < 0.001), and MNA‐SF (F = 18.366, P < 0.001). Group 2 and group 3 had significantly lower scores in BI and FAQ than group 1, and the SSA scores were significantly higher than the participants in group 1. In the negative symptoms subscale of BPRS, the mean score of group 3 was significantly higher than groups 1 and 2. Negative symptom subscale has different degrees of correlation with BI (r = −0.537), FAQ (r = 0.643), SSA (r = 0.480), MNA (r = −0.325) and MMSE (r = 0.607). In addition, the participants with comorbidities were related to BI (r = ‐0.364).ConclusionSomatic comorbidities play a pivotal role in the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with mental illness, thus greater effort should be paid to elderly patients suffering from mental illness with dysphagia, malnutrition, and cognitive decline. Further, the negative symptoms of elderly patients with mental disorders also deserve attention.
Inter‐rater reliability of the Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Oba Hikaru , Hiyama Masami , Okamoto Haruka , Onoda Rika , Matsuoka Teruyuki , Sato Shinichi , Narumoto Jin 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundCognitive assessment through communication has been the focus of recent studies because the conventional cognitive tests are often considered invasive for older people. Although the Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction is designed to assess cognitive function non‐invasively, inter‐rater reliability remains unclear. The current study investigated the Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction's reliability.MethodsThe Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction was used by four clinical psychologists, who evaluated 38 older people with and without cognitive dysfunction. One clinical psychologist evaluated the assessment based on face‐to‐face communication with participants, while the other clinical psychologists evaluated it according to the audio data in the digital voice recorder. All clinical psychologists were blind to the results of other conventional cognitive tests and details surrounding participants' daily living activities.ResultsThe univariate correlation scores of the Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction among evaluators ranged from 0.61 to 0.79, all of which were significant (P < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.64 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.53–0.79 for agreement) and 0.67 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.45–0.77 for consistency). The Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction score of all evaluators was significantly associated with conventional cognitive tests like the Mini‐Mental State Examination (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe findings suggested that the Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction has moderate to good inter‐rater reliability and high concurrent validity as a cognitive assessment tool, and it would be useful in clinical practice.
HLA‐DR+ mucosal‐associated invariant T cells predict poor prognosis in patients with sepsis: A prospective observational study
Authors: Tian Lijun , Xu Junxian , Chen Cong , Lin Jinfeng , Ju Linling , Chen Lin , Zhang Yufeng , Han Xudong , Liu Lijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are important in antibacterial immune responses; however, during sepsis, they are few in number and exhibit highly activated phenotypes. The relationship between MAIT cells in peripheral blood and the prognosis of sepsis is not well understood. Thus, this study aimed to examine the levels and phenotypes of MAIT cells in early sepsis, evaluate their clinical relevance, and investigate their association with patient prognosis. This prospective observational study enrolled 72 septic patients defined according to the Sepsis 3.0 criteria and 21 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Their peripheral blood samples were used to assay the expression of immune activation (CD69 and HLA‐DR) and immune checkpoint (PD‐1 and PD‐L1) markers on MAIT cells. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II, and sequential organ failure assessment scores were recorded. Subsequently, the association between MAIT cell characteristics and clinical indicators was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis with a forward stepwise approach assessed independent risk factors for 28‐day mortality. We noted a decrease in the percentage of MAIT cells in the patients' peripheral blood, which exhibited an activated phenotype. Besides, HLA‐DR+ MAIT cell percentage and the APACHE II score were independently associated with the 28‐day mortality and, in combination, were the best indicators of mortality. Thus, the percentage of HLA‐DR+ MAIT cells in early sepsis serves as a novel prognostic biomarker for predicting mortality and improves the predictive capacity of the APACHE II score.
TRACING DISTINCTIVE HUMAN MORAL EMOTIONS? THE CONTRIBUTION OF A THEOLOGY OF GRATITUDE
Authors: Deane‐Drummond Celia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDarwin thought that the moral sense was among the most challenging aspects of human life to account for through evolutionary explanations. This article seeks to probe the question about human uniqueness primarily from a theological perspective by focusing in depth on one distinctive moral sentiment, gratitude, particularly in the thought of Thomas Aquinas. It uses that example as a case study about how to consider the validity of arguments for human uniqueness within the broader compass of the cultural evolution of sociality and morality within the human sciences, including evolutionary anthropology. Further questions about the evolution of religion surface in this discussion since gratitude, from a theological perspective, necessarily includes gratitude to God as a fundamental aspect of religious faith and practice.