bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Mindset Scale using the positive norms
Authors: Im Seongah , Park Hye‐Jin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGrowth mindset in mathematics is an approach to teaching mathematics, believing that students' abilities can be developed with efforts, strategies, and support. With a sample of 178 middle school students, this study proposed a scale for mathematical mindset utilizing Boaler's positive norms in teaching mathematics and collected evidence for initial validation. The scale was unidimensional and reliable. Specifically, it was highly reliable for middle to low mathematical mindset levels. However, measurement precision was not as desirable in assessing high‐level mathematical mindset. The convergent and discriminant evidence was established in relation to growth mindset, math anxiety, and math engagement. Item response theory analysis showed that the response categories properly gauged different levels of mathematical mindset. In sum, the results supported the scale to be a psychometrically sound measure of mathematical mindset. Implications for future studies and proper use of the scale were further discussed.
Design, synthesis, crystal structure, and antimicrobial activities of new quinazoline derivatives containing both the sulfonate ester and piperidinylamide moieties
Authors: Li Pei‐Jia , Yan Ya , Wu Nan , Yang Ye‐Hui , An Lian , Tian Guang‐Min , Bao Xiao‐Ping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo discover more efficient antimicrobial agents in agriculture, a series of new quinazoline derivatives bearing both sulfonate ester and piperidine‐4‐carboxamide moieties were synthesized and assessed for their antimicrobial effects.RESULTSAll of the target compounds were fully characterized by proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), carbon‐13 (13C) NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS), and compound III‐6 containing a 3‐bromophenyl substituent was clearly confirmed via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The bioassay results indicated that some compounds displayed noticeable inhibitory effects in vitro against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc). Further measurements of median effective concentration (EC50) values showed that compound III‐17 bearing a 4‐methoxyphenyl group had the best anti‐Xoc efficacy (EC50 = 12.4 μg mL−1), far better than the commercialized bismerthiazol (77.5 μg mL−1). Moreover, this compound also demonstrated good protection and curative activities in vivo against rice bacterial leaf streak caused by Xoc.CONCLUSIONCompound III‐17 had a good potential for further development as a new bactericide for controlling Xoc. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure‐response analysis of a single dose of sotrovimab in the early treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID‐19
Authors: Sager Jennifer E. , El‐Zailik Asma , Passarell Julie , Roepcke Stefan , Li Xiaobin , Aldinger Melissa , Nader Ahmed , Skingsley Andrew , Alexander Elizabeth L. , Yeh Wendy W. , Mogalian Erik , Garner Chad , Peppercorn Amanda , Shapiro Adrienne E. , Reyes Maribel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSotrovimab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that has been shown to prevent progression to hospitalization or death in non‐hospitalized high‐risk patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 following either intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) administration. Population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) and exposure‐response (ER) analyses were performed to characterize single dose sotrovimab pharmacokinetics (PK) and the relationship between exposure and response (probability of progression), as well as covariates that may contribute to between‐participant variability in sotrovimab PK and efficacy following i.v. or i.m. administration. Sotrovimab PK was described by a two‐compartment model with linear elimination; i.m. absorption was characterized by a sigmoid absorption model. PopPK covariate analysis led to the addition of the effect of body weight on systemic clearance and peripheral volume of distribution, sex on i.m. bioavailability and first‐order absorption rate (KA), and body mass index on KA. However, the magnitude of covariate effect was not pronounced and was therefore not expected to be clinically relevant based on available data to date. For ER analysis, sotrovimab exposure measures were predicted using the final PopPK model. An ER model was developed using the exposure measure of sotrovimab concentration at 168 h that described the relationship between exposure and probability of progression within the ER dataset for COMET‐TAIL. The number of risk factors (≤1 vs. >1) was incorporated as an additive shift on the model‐estimated placebo response but had no impact on overall drug response. Limitations in the ER model may prevent generalization of these results to describe the sotrovimab exposure‐progression relationship across severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 variants.
Pulmonary embolism or COVID‐19 pneumonia? A case report
Authors: Borna Nahid , Niksolat Maryam , Shariati Behnam , Saeedi Vahid , Kamalzadeh Leila 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) is the most severe clinical presentation of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which can be challenging to diagnose due to its non‐specific symptoms. The overlapping clinical symptoms of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and PE may make distinguishing between the two difficult. Thus, the diagnosis of PE may be delayed or missed, with grave consequences for the patient's outcome and safety. We herein present the case of a 63‐year‐old Iranian female admitted to our hospital showing symptoms of delirium superimposed on dementia. Soon after her admission, she developed a fever and respiratory symptoms. However, overestimating the likelihood of COVID‐19 pneumonia and attributing the patient's symptoms to this disease led to a delayed diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism, resulting in the patient's death. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, a high index of suspicion is required for the timely diagnosis of PE, especially in patients with identifiable risk factors. This is specifically true for older patients who cannot express their symptoms due to neurocognitive disorders.
Clinical efficacy of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies in preventing hospitalisation and mortality among patients infected with Omicron variants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Miljanovic Danijela , Cirkovic Andja , Lazarevic Ivana , Knezevic Aleksandra , Cupic Maja , Banko Ana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUntil now, the treatment protocols for COVID‐19 have been revised multiple times. The use and approval of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for COVID‐19 treatment represent exceptional achievements in modern science, technology and medicine. SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron evasion of pre‐existing immunity represents a serious public health problem nowadays. This systematic review with meta‐analysis provided comprehensive and up‐to‐date evidence of the clinical efficacy of therapeutic anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs against Omicron subvariants in COVID‐19 patients and included 10 articles. The prevalence of hospitalisation among Omicron‐positive patients treated with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs was 2.8% (89/3169) while it controls (Omicron‐positive patients treated with other therapies) 11% (154/1371). There was a statistically significantly different number of hospitalisations between the two studied groups in favour of the anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs treated group. (OR = 0.56, 95% CI OR = 0.41–0.77,p < 0.001, respectively). Eight deaths (0.30%) out of 2619 Omicron‐positive patients occurred in the anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs treated group, while in the control group (Omicron‐positive patients treated with other therapies), 27 patients died out of 1401 (1.93%). There was a significantly different number of deaths between the two studied groups in favour of Omicron‐positive patients treated with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs (OR = 0.38, 95% CI OR = 0.17–0.85,p = 0.020). Using sotrovimab in treating Omicron‐positive patients indicated a reduction of hospitalisation and mortality for 49% and 89% in favour of sotrovimab, respectively (OR = 0.51, 95% CI OR = 0.34–0.79,p = 0.002; OR = 0.11, 95% CI OR = 0.03–0.39,p = 0.001). We could only provide evidence of the positive impact in reducing hospitalisation and mortality rates when anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs were used to treat patients infected with Omicron variants BA.1 or BA.2 and not on other Omicron variants.
Decentralized observer‐based integral sliding mode control design of large‐scale interconnected systems and its application to doubly fed induction generator‐based wind farm model
Authors: Lakshmanan Shanmugam , Joo Young Hoon 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis paper presents the design of a decentralized observer‐based control scheme for large‐scale interconnected systems based on the integral sliding mode control (ISMC) approach. To do this, a novel decentralized observer is designed via the ISMC approach that helps to estimate the unmeasured states. Then, by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions are derived in terms of matrix inequality, which guarantees the asymptotic stability of the interconnected system and the ultimate boundedness of estimation errors under external disturbances. An interconnected power system (IPS) integrated with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind farm model is provided as a direct application. Theoretical conditions are validated through numerical simulations, in this regard, a well‐structured model of IPS with a DFIG‐based wind farm is introduced. From the simulation results, it is proven that the proposed decentralized observer‐based ISMC can provide a better estimation of the internal states in two area IPS with DFIG‐based wind farm.
Xenon Difluoride Dry Etching for the Microfabrication of Solid Microneedles as a Potential Strategy in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Eş Ismail , Kafadenk Abdullah , Gormus M. Burak , Inci Fatih 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough hypodermic needles are a “gold standard” for transdermal drug delivery (TDD), microneedle (MN)‐mediated TDD denotes an unconventional approach in which drug compounds are delivered via micron‐size needles. Herein, an isotropic XeF2 dry etching process is explored to fabricate silicon‐based solid MNs. A photolithographic process, including mask writing, UV exposure, and dry etching with XeF2 is employed, and the MN fabrication is successfully customized by modifying the CAD designs, photolithographic process, and etching conditions. This study enables fabrication of a very dense MNs (up to 1452 MNs cm−2) with height varying between 80 and 300 µm. Geometrical features are also assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D laser scanning microscope. Roughness of the MNs are improved from 0.71 to 0.35 µm after titanium and chromium coating. Mechanical failure test is conducted using dynamic mechanical analyzer to determine displacement and stress/strain values. The coated MNs are subjected to less displacement (≈15 µm) upon the applied force. COMSOL Multiphysics analysis indicates that MNs are safe to use in real‐life applications with no fracture. This technique also enables the production of MNs with distinct shape and dimensions. The optimized process provides a wide range of solid MN types to be utilized for epidermis targeting.
Development and Characterization of a 96‐Well Exposure System for Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials
Authors: Kohl Yvonne , Müller Michelle , Fink Marielle , Mamier Marc , Fürtauer Siegfried , Drexel Roland , Herrmann Christine , Dähnhardt‐Pfeiffer Stephan , Hornberger Ramona , Arz Marius I. , Metzger Christoph , Wagner Sylvia , Sängerlaub Sven , Briesen Heiko , Meier Florian , Krebs Tobias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, a 96‐well exposure system for safety assessment of nanomaterials is developed and characterized using an air–liquid interface lung epithelial model. This system is designed for sequential nebulization. Distribution studies verify the reproducible distribution over all 96 wells, with lower insert‐to‐insert variability compared to non‐sequential application. With a first set of chemicals (TritonX), drugs (Bortezomib), and nanomaterials (silver nanoparticles and (non‐)fluorescent crystalline nanocellulose), sequential exposure studies are performed with human lung epithelial cells followed by quantification of the deposited mass and of cell viability. The developed exposure system offers for the first time the possibility of exposing an air–liquid interface model in a 96‐well format, resulting in high‐throughput rates, combined with the feature for sequential dosing. This exposure system allows the possibility of creating dose‐response curves resulting in the generation of more reliable cell‐based assay data for many types of applications, such as safety analysis. In addition to chemicals and drugs, nanomaterials with spherical shapes, but also morphologically more complex nanostructures can be exposed sequentially with high efficiency. This allows new perspectives on in vivo‐like and animal‐free approaches for chemical and pharmaceutical safety assessment, in line with the 3R principle of replacing and reducing animal experiments.
Pressure‐Gradient Counterwork of Dual‐Fuel Driven Nanocarriers in Abnormal Interstitial Fluids for Enhancing Drug Delivery Efficiency
Authors: Zheng Zhiwen , Zheng Xiaotong , Kong Degang , Ding Kai , Zhang Zhao , Zhong Run , He Jing , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe abnormal pressure in tumor tissue is a significant limitation on the drug delivery efficiency of tumor therapy. This work reports a gradient‐driven nanomotor as drug nanocarrier with the pressure‐counterworking function. The dual‐fuel nanomotors are formed by co‐electrospinning of the photosensitive polymers with calcium peroxide (CaO2) and catalase (CAT), followed by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and bovine serum albumin (BSA) incubation. The UV‐responsive cleavage nanomotors can effectively release O2 molecules at the fractures as a driving force to increase the delivery speed and escape the phagocytosis of macrophage system in normal tissues. Furthermore, CAT catalyzes H2O2 produced by CaO2 and the tumor interstitial fluids to provide stronger power for the nanomotors. Additionally, according to the analysis of directional motions of the nanomotors, the functional relationship between the rotational diffusion coefficient (DR) and the physiological viscosity is constructed. The dual‐fuel nanocarriers enable up to 13.25% of the injected dose (ID)/per gram tissue and significantly improve the penetration in deep tumor. It is of vital importance to design and obtain the adaptive pressure‐gradient counterworking nanomotors, which can effectively improve the drug delivery efficiency in vitro and in vivo.
COVID on campus: An empirical analysis of COVID infection rates at U.S. colleges and universities
Authors: Davis Lewis , Schmidt Stephen J. , Zacher Sophia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe provide an empirical analysis of the determinants of cumulative COVID infection rates at 1069 U.S. colleges and universities during the 2020–21 academic year. We propose that financially constrained educational institutions faced a trade‐off between the reduction of COVID infection risks and an institution's educational, social, reputational, and financial goals. We find that cumulative infection rates are higher at wealthier institutions, measured by higher endowments per student or higher tuition rates. Institutions with lower enrollment yields in admissions also have higher COVID infection rates, perhaps reflecting the greater influence of student preferences on decision making at these institutions. Economies of scale in COVID mitigation emerge gradually over the course of the year. Finally, COVID infection rates do not differ significantly for otherwise similar public and private institutions in states with Democratic governors, but they are significantly higher for public institutions in states with Republican governors.
Recent Advances in the Syntheses of N‐CF3 Scaffolds up to Their Valorization
Authors: Crousse Benoît 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis review provides a recent overview of the different synthetic routes of the N‐CF3 group. This scaffold can be prepared from the desulfurization of thiocabamoyl fluorides or isothiocyanates with fluoride ions. Electrophilic and radical trifluoromethylations are also a great way to generate this motif. This report also focuses on the valorization of some N‐CF3 compounds, which leads to new unknown N‐trifluoromethyl derivatives. Finally, the first metabolic stability studies will be given for certain structures.
Mobilizing Intangibles under the Acceluction Regime
Authors: Bounfour Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe way value is created is deeply influenced by two major transformational phenomena: (1) the emergence of intangibles as a main source of value creation and (2) the emergence of digital as a deep transformational phenomenon. Taking this as a starting point, the paper underlines the need to better characterize the emerging value production system. By reference to a large international research program (ISD) I coordinated, I coined the term acceluction as an umbrella concept to characterize such a production system. Compared to previous production systems, such as the lean, value is now created by accelerated production of links (acceluction). The acceluction regime is defined in its key dimensions: content, value spaces, the role of intangibles and the governance mechanisms, with a specific focus on platforms.
Fooling Partial Dependence via Data Poisoning
Authors: Baniecki Hubert , Kretowicz Wojciech , Biecek Przemyslaw 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany methods have been developed to understand complex predictive models and high expectations are placed on post-hoc model explainability. It turns out that such explanations are not robust nor trustworthy, and they can be fooled. This paper presents techniques for attacking Partial Dependence (plots, profiles, PDP), which are among the most popular methods of explaining any predictive model trained on tabular data. We showcase that PD can be manipulated in an adversarial manner, which is alarming, especially in financial or medical applications where auditability became a must-have trait supporting black-box machine learning. The fooling is performed via poisoning the data to bend and shift explanations in the desired direction using genetic and gradient algorithms. We believe this to be the first work using a genetic algorithm for manipulating explanations, which is transferable as it generalizes both ways: in a model-agnostic and an explanation-agnostic manner.
Emergency Radiology of the Abdomen and Pelvis
Authors: Mellnick Vincent M. , Poletti Pierre-Alexandre 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImaging plays a key role in the assessment of blunt abdominal trauma patients since clinical examination has been shown unreliable in this setting. If ultrasound and conventional radiology are mainly used for the initial triage phase at the resuscitation bay (primary survey), CT has become the leading imaging tool to be systematically used in hemodynamically blunt abdominal stable patients. CT signs are now included in most of the classifications and grading organ systems used by the radiologists, the emergency physician, and the surgeons for both the diagnostic and the therapeutic management of these patients, in which angiographic interventional procedures also play a growing role (Pierre-Alexandre Poletti).Abdominal pain is a common reason for presentation to the emergency department. Particularly given the fast-paced work environment and frequently nonspecific data from history and physical examination, medical imaging proves indispensable in guiding management of patients presenting with abdominal pain. While the number of conditions that may lead to abdominal pain are myriad, this portion of the chapter will begin with conditions divided by abdominal quadrants, followed by conditions that may present with more diffuse symptoms (Vincent M Mellnick).
Congenital and Acquired Pathologies of the Pediatric Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Kox Laura S. , Smets Anne M. J. B. , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAge is a key factor in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) pathology in children. Imaging is crucial in a range of pediatric GI disorders. In term neonates, congenital anomalies of the GI tract causing obstruction are at the forefront: atresia, intestinal malrotation with or without midgut volvulus, Hirschsprung’s disease, meconium plug syndrome, and meconium ileus. In the premature neonate, necrotizing enterocolitis can be a life-threatening complication.Intussusception is the most common cause of obstruction in infants and young children. Inflammatory bowel disease is the main focus in older children and adolescents. Appendicitis can occur at any age although most frequently in children older than 5 years of age. The distal ileum is where GI tract duplication cysts are most frequently situated. They are usually detected on prenatal ultrasound and sometimes only later in life when causing obstruction.Different imaging modalities can be used to image the GI tract. Plain films, ultrasound, and contrast studies are the principal imaging tools. CT and MRI are problem solvers and are used in a specific context, such as trauma, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diseases of the biliary tree, and tumoral pathology.
Advances in Molecular Imaging and Therapy and Its Impact in Oncologic Imaging
Authors: Burger Irene A. , Hope Thomas A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe theranostic concept to use diagnostic and therapeutic nuclides to image and treat cancer was established many years ago for thyroid disease. With the success of [177Lu]-labeled therapeutic agents targeting neuroendocrine tumors or prostate cancer, the interest for this concept has been significantly rising. The possibility to localize and quantify a therapeutic target within the patient opens up novel possibilities, but also challenges for patient selection, dosimetry, and response assessment. Especially for response assessment we however, still rely on the morphologic changes. With the increasing use of immunotherapy and other biological approaches, image interpretation needs a profound understanding of the therapeutic mechanism and impact on imaging parameters for accurate assessment of tumor response and guidance for appropriate therapy selection.
Indeterminate Retroperitoneal Masses
Authors: Messiou Christina , Kunz Wolfgang G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRetroperitoneal (RP) masses represent a wide variety of pathologies. They can grow to a substantial size before presenting symptoms that lead to imaging work-up. They are also often detected incidentally due to increased use of cross-sectional imaging. Contrast-enhanced CT is the modality of choice, yet MRI can clarify involvement of muscle, bone, or neural foramina. 18F FDG PET/CT is not routinely indicated, however, for lesions which are inaccessible to percutaneous biopsy it can differentiate between intermediate/high-grade lesions and low grade/benign lesions. This chapter aims to describe the most common indeterminate RP masses and to highlight features which help in the differential diagnosis.