bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scientific investigation on antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic effects and TLC bioautography of Terminalia schimperiania stem bark extracts
Authors: Sipping Marius , Kumar T. Sathish , Kamdem Nestor 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives

Terminalia schimperiana Hochst, belonging to the Combretaceae family, is known for its ethnomedicinal values, particularly in treating various diseases in Africa. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of T. schimperiana stem bark extracts, with a specific focus on assessing their bioactive potential and identifying active compounds via TLC bioautography.

Methods
The in vitro antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method against selected clinical strains. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using several methods including free radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelation assays and total phenolic content analysis. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed using MTT assay towards Raw 264.7 and Vero cell lines.

Results
All extracts demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against the bacteria tested, with inhibition zones (IZ) ranging from 6.50 ± 0.71 to 15.50 ± 0.71 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.95 to 1,250 μg/ml. The hydroethanolic extract exhibited strongest antioxidant activities with EC50 values of 188.50; 245.30, and 281.50 μg/mL for DPPH; ABTS, ferrous ion chelation assays respectively, and a high content of phenolic compounds (101.67 ± 2.97 µgEFA/mg DW). Importantly, no cytotoxic effects were observed on Raw 264.7 and Vero cell lines. HPTLC analysis identified alkaloids and phenolic compounds in both aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts.

Conclusions
These findings indicate T. schimperiana provides a wealth of bio-compounds that can be utilised in the pharmaceutical industry as antibacterial and antioxidant agents to combat antibiotic resistance.
Computational analyses to reveal the key determinants of the high malignancy level of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xuan , Liu Aoran , Mu Xuechen , Wang Zhihang , Xiao Jun , Qu Yinwei , Huang Zhenyu , Zhang Ye , Xu Ying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) is a rare and highly aggressive cancer that originates in the bile duct; it has an average five-year survival rate of 9%, which makes it the cancer with the lowest survival rate among all 33 cancer types in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) Program. The aim of this study is to elucidate the key determinants of the high malignancy level of CHOL through computational and cell-based experimental approaches and, particularly, to investigate how bile acids (BAs) influence CHOL’s propensity to metastasize.

Methods
Our study analyzed the transcriptomic data from 1835 tissue samples of 7 digestive system cancer types in the TCGA database and compared them with those of 330 control tissue samples. Multiple cellular and molecular factors were considered in the study, including the level of hypoxia, level of immune cell infiltration, degree of cellular dedifferentiation, and level of sialic acid (SA) accumulation on the surface of cancer cells. Using these factors, we developed a multivariable regression model for the five-year survival rate, as reported by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program reports, and analyzed how BA biology influences a few of these factors and causes CHOL to have a high malignancy level.

Results
CHOL exhibited the highest level of SA accumulation and B-cell infiltration among all cancer types studied. BAs inhibit the cell cycle progression through the receptor GPBAR1, thereby limiting the rate of nucleotide biosynthesis—which in turn forces the cells to increase SA biosynthesis in order to maintain the intracellular pH at a stable level—thereby driving cell migration and metastasis, as established in our previous study.

Conclusions
BAs are the key contributors to the lowest five-year survival rate of CHOL among the seven cancer types studied here. This finding not only reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the high malignancy level of CHOL but also provides a new potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of CHOL.
Both Generable and Alterable in Aristotle’s
On Generation and Corruption
I.1 & I.4
Authors: O’Connor Scott 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In GC I.1 Aristotle criticizes the monists and pluralists for accepting positions that eliminate either generation or alteration, and in GC I.4 he defends the existence of both. Thus, he must believe that his account is immune to those objections he raises against his predecessors, but it is difficult to reconstruct these objections, and so difficult to discern how Aristotle distinguishes his own account from theirs. In this paper, I propose a new reconstruction of these objections, and I show how Aristotle’s own account is immune to them so reconstructed. On my interpretation, Aristotle argues that neither the monists nor the pluralists can explain the generation of a substance. The monists cannot explain how an ultimate subject of predication–one mark of substance–is generated. The pluralists cannot explain how a being that can alter–another mark of substance–is generated. I subsequently show how Aristotle’s own account in GC I.4 sufficiently diverges from his predecessors to allow something that is both generable and alterable.
The Boogeyman in the Closet: A Cognitive-Behavioral Account of Epicurean Emotions
Authors: Poulakidas Panagiotis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vain emotions are, according to Epicurus, the source of our mental disturbance. The aim of this paper is to discuss and analyze this connection by clarifying the structure of vain emotions in Epicurean philosophy. In order to achieve this, I present, first, the major lines of interpretation regarding the structure of epicurean emotions. Second, I highlight potential problems for each one of these interpretations. Third, I conclude that the existing interpretations cannot capture the whole picture regarding the epicurean structure of emotions and thus I propose an alternative reading of the latter which surpasses the problems facing the existing interpretations.
Antroponyma v koexistenci s přírodou Vlastní jména osob ve vztahu k živočichům a rostlinám
Authors: Janečková Marie 
Published: January 2025

Studie se zabývá antroponymy, konkrétně příjmeními se vztahem k přírodě, tedy k živočichům a rostlinám. Současná příjmení z názvů zvířat (savci, ptáci, ryby atd.) a rostlin (byliny, květiny, stromy) mají dlouhou tradici. Záměrem studie je sledovat současnou frekvenci takových příjmení. K tomuto účelu jsme využili server KdeJsme.cz, který se opírá o databázi příjmení Ministerstva vnitra České republiky. Příjmení z názvů zvířat jsou většinou metaforická a metonymická. Nejvyšší frekvenci výskytu mají příjmení z názvů savců (jelen, vlk, liška, ježek). V češtině převládají formy deminutivní, například Jelínek (9815 jmen) proti Jelen (764), totéž Vlček (6909) proti Vlk (3259). Příjmení z názvů zpěvných ptáků, tj. Čermák (7955), Sýkora (5852), Strnad (4422), Slavík (4404) a mnoho dalších, jsou velmi rozmanitá. Výrazné zastoupení mají také příjmení z názvů chovaných, stejně jako volně žijících ptáků: Holub (6439), Kohout (3848), Hrdlička (3278). Příjmení z názvů dravých ptáků a ostatních živočichů nejsou tak početná. Vysoký počet nositelů mají příjmení z názvů květin: Růžička (9599), Fiala (9182). Příjmení z názvů ostatních rostlin, např. Kopřiva (2549), Šafránek (1781) aj. vykazují nižší frekvenci výskytu. Slovotvorná struktura příjmení z názvů tradičně rozšířených stromů (dub, buk, bříza, javor, lípa aj.) je bohatá. Jména vyjadřují podobnost, nebo vlastnost, např. Doubek (1609), Bouček (895), ale také vztah k místu bydliště: Dubský (1418), Bukovský (625), Březina (3064). Frekvence příjmení z názvů stromů ve srovnání s ostatními typy je však celkově nižší. Jen příjmení Jedlička (3666) a Vrba (3551) vynikají početností.V celkovém srovnání frekvence jsou příjmení z názvů zvířat mnohem početnější. Příjmení Jelínek, Čermák, Vlček, Holub, Sýkora, Liška, Strnad, Slavík, Ježek, Beránek, řazené podle počtu nositelů, patří do první stovky nejpočetnějších českých příjmení.
Cross-Generational Customer Journey Analysis: Unveiling Instagram's Effectiveness in Clinic Marketing
Authors: Husen Abeng Anandri , Arini Merita , Wan Mamat Wan Hasliza 
Published: January 2025

The rise in private primary care necessitates clinic entrepreneurs to innovate and improve clinic performance through effective marketing, particularly through social media platforms like Instagram. The digital era presents challenges due to the simultaneous presence of five generations: baby boomers, generation X, generation Y, generation Z, and generation Alpha, each with unique attitudes, preferences, and behaviors. This research aims to explore the effectiveness of Instagram as a clinic marketing platform across generations in a private clinic. Method: A cross-sectional design was conducted in this research. Data was collected using a consecutive sampling method among the Instagram clinic’s followers (n = 377). The collected data is then analyzed using the percentage value of customer path 5A attributes, conversion rate, purchase action ratio (PAR), brand advocacy ratio (BAR), and one-way ANOVA. The percentage value of customer path 5A attributes showed a good result in four generations, including the conversion rate scores. PAR and BAR scores have optimal results in four generations. There was a significant difference in 5A attributes, PAR, and BAR (p<0.05). Instagram is an effective social media platform for clinical marketing for every generation. This study contributes to reassuring clinic entrepreneurs to utilize Instagram as their marketing platform.
Fast Isolation and Purification of the Antidepressant Alkaloids Mesembrine and Mesembrenone From Mesembryanthemum tortuosum
Authors: Niekerk Suzanne Elaine Van , Malan Dorothea , Hamman Josias Hendrik , Kooy Frank van der 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Mesembryanthemum tortuosum L., Aizoaceae, is a medicinal plant that has traditionally been used as mood elevator, stress reducer, analgesic, anxiolytic, and even a narcotic. The main activity is attributed to the mesembrine-type alkaloids, which have shown promise to provide pharmacologically and clinically antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Due to the limited availability and cost of pure reference compounds of the main active chemical compounds of M. tortuosum, this study aimed to develop a fast purification method for mesembrine and mesembrenone from M. tortuosum. A simple acid-base extraction was used as the first semi-purification step, which was directly followed by semi-preparative HPLC purification as final step. This reduced the number of steps as previously reported. Analytical quantities of mesembrine and mesembrenone (chemical structures confirmed by NMR and MS) could be purified up to roughly 98% purity (as determined by HPLC) with the whole purification process from extraction to obtaining the pure compounds completed at the relatively short period of only four hours. A quick and simple method to purify the mesembrine-type alkaloids, mesembrine and mesembrenone, was developed which produced sufficient quantities for use in analytical and biological studies. This provides a cost-effective method to overcome the lack of pure reference compounds for M. tortuosum.
Hot and Hungry: High temperatures induce changes in leaf carbohydrate dynamics and sugar isotope fingerprints
Authors: Schuler Philipp , Didion-Gency Margaux , Vitali Valentina , Saurer Matthias , Oettli Manuela , Diao Haoyu , Buchmann Nina , Gessler Arthur , Lehmann Marco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Accurate predictions of vegetation responses to global warming require a precise understanding of physiological temperature responses. We investigated the effects of air temperature (10°C to 40°C) under constant low vapour pressure deficit and sufficient water supply on leaf-level gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations, and the hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic composition of leaf water and leaf sugar in C3 trees, forbs, grasses, and one C4 grass. Rising temperatures significantly altered leaf physiology, NSC composition, and the leaf sugar isotopic composition. We observed a shift from starch to sugar above 30°C, indicating a preference for a more readily available carbohydrate, with a concomitant shift in the hydrogen isotopic composition of leaf sugar. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time the close relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and stable isotope fractionation, with 2H enrichment in leaf sugar with increasing temperature. Our results suggest that C3 plants may experience shifts in their carbon metabolism at temperatures above 30°C, which can be detected by δ2H of leaf sugar. Such carbon imbalances may reduce the resilience of C3 plants in an increasingly warming world.
Phylogenomics of crabs provides insights into their origin and evolution
Authors: Wang Zhongkai , Tang Boping , Li Yongxin , Wang Gang , Liu Hongyue , Liu Qiuning , Sun Yishan , Lu Xiang , Han Ge , Zhang Huabin , Hao Fei , Wang Zhengfei , Xu Biyang , Ng Ngan Kee , Li Haorong , Sun Yue , Jiang Hui , Xuan Fujun , Jiang Senhao , Shen Jiafei , Sun Hongying , She Shusheng , Dong Dong , Wang Kun , Li Xinzheng , Qiu Qiang , Wang Wen , Zhang Daizhen , Li Yuanning 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Crabs encompass the infra-orders Brachyura and Anomura, collectively constitute the clade Meiura within order Decapoda. Despite their considerable diversity, genomic resources for crabs remain scarce, hindering our understanding of their phylogeny and genetic mechanisms underlying such unique traits as carcinization. To address these questions, here we sequenced genomes of 10 crab species covering all currently controversial taxonomies at section level. Our whole-genome phylogenetic results support Raninoida is closer to Eubrachyura rather than Dromiacea, challenging the traditional classifications. Notably, the freshwater crab subsection Potamoida, represented by S. planum, is found to be more closely related to subsection Thoracotremata than to Heterotremata as previously suggested, indicating that crab classification based solely on morphology may be misleading. Our results also clarify that the family Gecarcinidae should be classified into Thoracotremata, contrary to previous placements in Heterotremata. Comparative genomic analyses identified lineage-specific families related to crab traits, including ionotropic glutamate receptors, neurotransmitters, and energy metabolism. Additionally, transcriptomic studies of Chinese mitten crab larval stages suggest that some lineage-specific genes such as ghrA, and TCB2, may account for the prominent carcinization in brachyurans. This study not only significantly expands the genomic repository for crabs, but also provides insights into the phylogeny and trait evolution of crabs.
Adherence to Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Comparison Between Residents and Attending Physicians
Authors: Mohammadi Abbas , Youssef Ibrahim , Kobita Iryna , Hazhir-Karzar Nazanin , Akhondi Hossein A , Spaccavento Leo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) requires adherence to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for optimal outcomes. This study aimed to assess GDMT adherence at a teaching hospital and compare discharge prescriptions by residents and attending physicians.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Spring Valley Hospital from August 2023 to March 2024. Patients with HFrEF and decompensated heart failure as the primary reason for admission were identified through electronic health records. Adherence to GDMT at discharge was evaluated based on 2022 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, focusing on beta-blockers (BB), angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). The primary outcome was comparing GDMT adherence between residents and attending physicians. Secondary outcomes included adherence to individual medications, combination regimens, and reasons for non-adherence.
Results
Among 243 patient charts reviewed, 80 met inclusion criteria (33 residents, 47 attendings). Adherence to beta-blockers was significantly higher than to other GDMT medications (p<0.0001). Residents showed slightly higher adherence to BB, MRA, and SGLT2i, though differences were not statistically significant. Double and triple therapies were prescribed more often than quadruple therapy (p=0.002, p=0.01). Residents demonstrated higher adherence to double therapy with BB and MRA (55% vs. 28%, p=0.02).
Conclusion
Adherence to GDMT for HFrEF was comparable between residents and attending physicians. Improving adherence to key medications can further enhance HFrEF management and patient outcomes.
Antagonistic effect of diffusible metabolites produced by Bacillus velezensis OEE1 against Biscogniauxia mediterranea causing the charcoal canker on olive trees
Authors: Cheffi Manel , Mallek Rahma , Gharsallah Houda , Amara Asma Ben , Karoui Eetizez , Gharbi Yaakoub , Ennouri Karim , Krid Samira , Triki Mohamed Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

An increase in olive trees diseases caused by wood-borne fungi like Biscogniauxia mediterranea has been reported to cause serious damages. Due to the importance of this plant in the Mediterranean countries, the search for sustainable measures to control this disease is necessary. The strain OEE1 of Bacillus velezensis was selected to evaluate its potential to control this fungus. The results showed a high antagonistic activity by dual-plate assays reaching 87% and producing microscopic mycelial alterations. The crude diffusible metabolites when incorporated with different amount in PDA medium revealed a total inhibition of B. mediterranea’s radial growth with a concentration of 75%. This concentration is considered fungicidal for this pathogen. The growth inhibition is accompanied with an obstruction of spores’ germination. An evaluation of the antagonistic potential was also assessed on 2-years-old olive trees cv chemlali to treat preventively and curatively the cankers developed after the artificial inoculation with B. mediterranea. This study provides valuable findings to encourage the use of B. velezensis OEE1 as suitable biocontrol agent against charcoal canker disease in olive trees.
Dual-Polarization Quadrupling Generation for RoF-DWDM Transmission Using OCS with Dual-Parallel DD-MZM Under Nonlinear Effects
Authors: chebra abdennour fellag , Bendaoud Mohammed , Imam Abderrahmane , Ghnimi Said , Gharsallah Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The rapid advancement of next-generation wireless networks is revolutionizingcommunication systems, focusing on providing high-speed connectivity, extensivebandwidth, and broad coverage. Within this framework, Radio over Fiber (RoF)technology has gained prominence as an innovative approach to enable broadbandwireless communication, utilizing micro and pico cells integrated with centralizedaccess networks. This paper presents and evaluates a dual-polarization quadruplingmillimeter-wave (mm-wave) generation technique based on Optical CarrierSuppressed (OCS) modulation to enhance RoF-DWDM system performance. Theproposed technique utilizes dual-polarization dual-parallel modulators integratedwith phase-shifting operations to enable OCS transmission, suppressing unwantedspectral components and facilitating efficient mm-wave generation. The approachgenerates dual-polarization RF signals at 28 GHz, supporting data rates of 10Gbps per polarization state, and achieves high-capacity transmission in a 40-channel system over 150 km of SMF with 75 GHz channel spacing. The impactof nonlinear effects poses significant limitations on the transmission capacitywhen utilizing a filterless OCS approach in each modulator within the system.These effects lead to a degradation in spectral integrity, impairing overall performance.the integration of a 4th-order Bessel filter into the transmission systemeffectively mitigates these issues. This solution suppresses unwanted sidebands, enhances spectral efficiency, and reduces interference, resulting in improved systemperformance and reliability. The performance of the proposed system hasbeen evaluated and optimized to achieve high-quality transmission while minimizingthe impact of nonlinear effects. Simulations reveal the most efficient inputpower levels between 5 dBm and 10 dBm, resulting in a quality factor of 8.16 and a BER of 1.66 x 10−16 using the filterless OCS communication method. Theincorporation of an OBPF improves transmission performance, achieving a qualityfactor of 14.59 and a BER of 1.12 x 10−48 The system demonstrates resilienceto nonlinearities, achieving an FWM efficiency of 42.5 dBm and reducing SRSeffects to 0.2 dBm. PMD analysis indicates a sensitivity range of -36.9 dBm to -9.8 dBm at a PMD coefficient of 0.2 ps/km; however, higher PMD values degradesensitivity. Despite these challenges, the system confirms its suitability for longdistance,high-capacity transmission in next-generation RoF-DWDM networks.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio dynamics: prognostic value and potential for surveilling glioblastoma recurrence
Authors: Chung Meng-Wu , Tzeng Ching-Chieh , Huang Yin-Chen , Wei Kuo-Chen , Hsu Peng-Wei , Chuang Chi-Cheng , Lin Ya-Jui , Chen Ko-Ting , Lee Cheng-Chi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a challenging malignancy with a poor prognosis. While the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is reported to correlate with the prognosis, the significance of changes in the NLR and its prognostic value in GBM remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate changes in the NLR and its predictive value for GBM prognosis and recurrence.
Methods
The cohort included 69 newly-diagnosed GBM patients undergoing a standard treatment protocol. NLR was assessed at multiple time points. The dynamic change in NLR (dNLR), defined as the NLR at the point of interest (post-CCRT or post-Stupp) divided by the preoperative NLR, also was assessed. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between the NLR, dNLR and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
Results
Univariate analysis revealed that age at diagnosis ≥ 70 (p = 0.019) and post-Stupp dNLR ≥ 1.3 (p = 0.006) were significantly associated with shorter OS. Significant correlations were found between pre-operative KPS ≥ 60 (p = 0.017), gross total resection (p = 0.042), post-Stupp dNLR ≥ 1.3 (p = 0.043) and PFS. Multivariate analysis showed age at diagnosis ≥ 70, pre-operative KPS ≥ 60, post-Stupp NLR ≥ 5 and dNLR ≥ 1.3 were significantly associated with a shorter OS. Significant correlation was found between pre-operative KPS ≥ 60 and PFS.
Conclusion
This study revealed that post-Stupp NLR ≥ 5 and dNLR ≥ 1.3 correlated significantly with a worse glioblastoma prognosis and dNLR could be a more reliable parameter for surveilling glioblastoma recurrence.