bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total ammonia and coliform concentrations at the end of the Mississippi River from 1900 to 2019
Authors: Turner R. Eugene 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTotal ammonia (TA) concentrations (NH3 +NH4+) at four locations at the terminal end of the Mississippi River, the largest river on the North American continent, were assembled to examine trends and relationships with point and non-point loadings from 1980 to 2019 and compared to values in 1900 to 1901. TA concentrations were lowest in 1900 to 1901, highest in 1980 and then declined, and then rose slightly in the last 2 decades. Variations in individual measurements and in situ temperature are indirectly related because of the influence temperature has on ammonia solubility and protein degradation rates. Importantly, the average annual concentrations of TA were directly related to both total coliform and fecal coliform densities. The highest measured average annual TA concentrations in the river (15.5 ± 1.5 SE µmol in 1985) were below the currently recommended toxicity thresholds for freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Sewerage loadings are implicated as controlling factors on TA concentrations, not nitrogen stabilizers added to fertilizers to reduce ammonia conversion to nitrate, nor the fertilizer loadings.
Distributed Calculations with Algorithmic Skeletons for Heterogeneous Computing Environments
Authors: Herrmann Nina , Kuchen Herbert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractContemporary HPC hardware typically provides several levels of parallelism, e.g. multiple nodes, each having multiple cores (possibly with vectorization) and accelerators. Efficiently programming such systems usually requires skills in combining several low-level frameworks such as MPI, OpenMP, and CUDA. This overburdens programmers without substantial parallel programming skills. One way to overcome this problem and to abstract from details of parallel programming is to use algorithmic skeletons. In the present paper, we evaluate the multi-node, multi-CPU and multi-GPU implementation of the most essential skeletons Map, Reduce, and Zip. Our main contribution is a discussion of the efficiency of using multiple parallelization levels and the consideration of which fine-tune settings should be offered to the user.
Laser-assisted hatching improves pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles of cleavage-stage embryos: a large retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching
Authors: Wei Chaofeng , Xiang Shan , Liu Danqi , Wang Chenggang , Liang Xiaoyu , Wu Haicui , Lian Fang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionLaser-assisted hatching (LAH) is a commonly used adjunct technique; however, its effectiveness has not been fully established.ObjectiveWe evaluated the effects of LAH on pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles of cleavage-stage embryos.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study involved 5779 FET cycles performed at the Reproductive and Genetic Center in the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2016 and December 2020. After propensity score matching, 3535 FET cycles were included, out of which 1238 were subjected to LAH while the remaining 2297 cycles were non-LAH (NLAH). The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) while secondary outcomes included implantation rate (IR), biochemical pregnancy rate (BPR), ectopic pregnancy rate (EPR), pregnancy loss rate (PLR), multiple pregnancy rate (MPL), and monozygotic twinning rate (MTR). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to adjust for possible confounders. Subgroup analysis was also performed based on the endometrial preparation regimen.ResultsThe LAH group exhibited a higher LBR, compared to the NLAH group (34.9% vs. 31.4%, OR = 1.185, 95% CI = 1.023, 1.374,P = 0.024). Additionally, the LAH group showed a decreasing trend in PLR and EPR; however, differences were insignificant (P = 0.078,P = 0.063 respectively). Differences in IR (24.6% vs. 24.3%), BPR (41.8% vs. 40.4%), CPR (40.7% vs. 38.3%), MPR (14.1% vs. 17.3%), and MTR (1.4% vs. 1.1%) were insignificant. Subgroup analysis revealed that LAH may be more conducive for pregnancy outcomes in hormone replacement cycles.ConclusionsIn summary, LAH has an increased chance of achieving live births. However, further prospective studies should be performed to confirm our findings.
Clinical Differences of mild, Moderate, and Severe Gambling Disorder in a Sample of Treatment Seeking Pathological Gamblers in Sweden
Authors: Mide Mikael , Arvidson Elin , Gordh Anna Söderpalm 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroduction: Gambling disorder (GD) is classified among the addictive disorders in the DSM-5 and the severity of the diagnosis can be specified as mild, moderate and severe. It has been seen that individuals with more severe gambling problems have a higher rate of comorbid disorders and other health problems compared to individuals with a milder clinical picture. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore clinical psychiatric differences related to the severity of disorder in treatment-seeking patients with GD. Method: A sample of 163 patients with GD seeking treatment at an outpatient clinic was diagnosed using the SCI-GD, screened for comorbid diagnoses using the MINI, and further completed a range of self-report questionnaires measuring alcohol-, and drug-problems, symptoms of depression and anxiety, emotion regulation, cognitive distortions, and quality of life. Results: Greater severity was associated to more problems with alcohol and illicit drugs. Severe gamblers were more likely to gamble to “escape”, and had more symptoms of depression and anxiety. Participants with moderate and severe gambling disorder had more difficulties with emotion regulation. Cognitive distortions were the same between severities. All groups had Quality-of-Life problems at a clinical level. Discussion: There are some distinctive differences between GD of different severities. The features shown by patients with severe GD indicates a more emotionally vulnerable group with increased symptom severity. Further knowledge about the features of GD severity levels is important for treatment planning in the clinic.
Patterns, predictors and prognostic relevance of high-grade hematotoxicity after temozolomide or temozolomide-lomustine in the CeTeG/NOA-09 trial
Authors: Weller J. , Schäfer N. , Schaub C. , Tzaridis T. , Zeyen T. , Schneider M. , Potthoff A. L. , Giordano F. A. , Steinbach J. P. , Zeiner P. S. , Kowalski T. , Sabel M. , Hau P. , Krex D. , Grauer O. , Goldbrunner R. , Schnell O. , Tabatabai G. , Ringel F. , Schmidt-Graf F. , Brehmer S. , Tonn J. C. , Bullinger L. , Vajkoczy P. , Glas M. , Vatter H. , Herrlinger U. , Seidel C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In the randomized phase III trial CeTeG/NOA-09, temozolomide (TMZ)/lomustine (CCNU) combination therapy was superior to TMZ in newly diagnosed MGMT methylated glioblastoma, albeit reporting more frequent hematotoxicity. Here, we analyze high grade hematotoxicity and its prognostic relevance in the trial population.

Methods
Descriptive and comparative analysis of hematotoxicity adverse events ≥ grade 3 (HAE) according to the Common Terminology of Clinical Adverse Events, version 4.0 was performed. The association of HAE with survival was assessed in a landmark analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict HAE during the concomitant phase of chemotherapy.

Results
HAE occurred in 36.4% and 28.6% of patients under CCNU/TMZ and TMZ treatment, respectively. The median onset of the first HAE was during concomitant chemotherapy (i.e. first CCNU/TMZ course or daily TMZ therapy), and 42.9% of patients with HAE receiving further courses experienced repeat HAE. Median HAE duration was similar between treatment arms (CCNU/TMZ 11.5; TMZ 13 days). Chemotherapy was more often discontinued due to HAE in CCNU/TMZ than in TMZ (19.7 vs. 6.3%, p = 0.036). The occurrence of HAE was not associated with survival differences (p = 0.76). Regression analysis confirmed older age (OR 1.08) and female sex (OR 2.47), but not treatment arm, as predictors of HAE.

Conclusion
Older age and female sex are associated with higher incidence of HAE. Although occurrence of HAE was not associated with shorter survival, reliable prediction of patients at risk might be beneficial to allow optimal management of therapy and allocation of supportive measures.

Trial registration
NCT01149109.
The eruption in Fagradalsfjall (2021, Iceland): how the operational monitoring and the volcanic hazard assessment contributed to its safe access
Authors: Barsotti S. , Parks M. M. , Pfeffer M. A. , Óladóttir B. A. , Barnie T. , Titos M. M. , Jónsdóttir K. , Pedersen G. B. M. , Hjartardóttir Á. R. , Stefansdóttir G. , Johannsson T. , Arason Þ. , Gudmundsson M. T. , Oddsson B. , Þrastarson R. H. , Ófeigsson B. G. , Vogfjörd K. , Geirsson H. , Hjörvar T. , von Löwis S. , Petersen G. N. , Sigurðsson E. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAfter more than a year of unrest, a small effusive eruption commenced in Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, on 19 March 2021. The eruption lasted six months. The first six weeks were characterized by multiple fissure openings, and the remainder was dominated by effusive activity from a single crater. During the eruption, lava and low-level gases propagated over the complex terrain: a hyaloclastite massif with mountain peaks up to about 350 m asl with valleys in between. The area is uninhabited, but easily accessible at about 30 km distance from Reykjavík. While the eruption was ongoing, more than 356,000 tourists visited the eruptive site. To maintain low risk access to the area, it was critical to monitor the eruption (including opening of new fissures) in real-time, forecast the transport of gas and lava flow emplacement, and assess the evolving hazards. In addition to data accessibility and interpretation, managing this volcanic crisis was possible thanks to strong collaboration between the scientific institutions and civil protection agencies. The eruption presented an opportunity to tune, test and validate a variety of numerical models for hazard assessment as well as to refine and improve the delivery of information to the general public, communities living near the eruption site and decision makers. The monitoring team worked long hours during both the pre- and syn-eruptive phases for identifying low risk access areas to the eruption site and to provide a regular flow of information. This paper reviews the eruption and its associated hazards. It also provides an overview of the monitoring setup, the adopted numerical tools and communication materials disseminated to the general public regarding current exclusion zones, hazards and possible future eruptive scenarios.
Travelling wave solution for the Landau-Ginburg-Higgs model via the inverse scattering transformation method
Authors: Ali Mohamed R. , Khattab Mahmoud A. , Mabrouk S. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs (LGH) equation explains the ocean engineering models, superconductivity and drift cyclotron waves in radially inhomogeneous plasma for coherent ion-cyclotron waves. In this paper, with a simple modification of the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) formalism, the integrability of LGH equation is proved by deriving the Lax pair. Hence for that, the inverse scattering transformation (IST) is applied, and the travelling wave solutions are obtained and graphically represented in 2d and 3d profiles.
Behavior of bismuth ions in the two glassy systems of 50 LiF-50 P2O5 and 50 LiF-50 B2O3 (mol %) assessed by optical, FTIR and photoluminescence spectra in addition to thermal expansion properties
Authors: ElBatal F. H. , Marzouk M. A. , ElBatal H. A. , Hamdy Y. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlasses from two varieties of (LiF-B2O3) and (LiF-P2O5) systems with equal 50 mol % for each partner together with samples doped with 1 or 2% Bi2O3 were synthesized by melting–annealing mechanism. Multiple optical, FTIR and photoluminescence spectral measurements were carried out. Optical spectra of Bi2O3—doped glasses exhibit UV-near visible peaks owing to the specific absorption of Bi3+ ions. FTIR spectra elucidate the presence of characteristic vibrational bands from (LiF-B2O3) glass due to (BO3) and (BO3F) groups beside (LiF4) groups while the fluorophosphate glasses (LiF-P2O5) show vibrations due to PO4 and (PO3F) groups and also the possible sharing of (LiF4) groups. Photoluminescence spectral data reveal extended emission from about 375 to 700 nm and is more prominent in (LiF-B2O3) system than (LiF-P2O5) system. The thermal expansion data reveal similar behavior and the derived transition and softening temperatures are slightly lower in (LiF-P2O5) glasses than (LiF-B2O3) glasses.
Uplink serial relay laser satellite communication over turbulent channel: performance analysis
Authors: Refaai Ali , Newagy Fatma , Fathy Abo Sree Mohamed , Aly Moustafa H. , Elhennawy Hadia , Abaza Mohamed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOptical space communication as a relay satellite system has been employed. The use of laser satellite communication (SatCom) can alleviate the issues that RF satellite communication encounters. In this study, channel turbulence, additional technologies, intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD), decoding, and forwarding (DF) are used to evaluate the effectiveness of a proposed laser uplink satellite relay communication model in terms of outage probability (OP) and bit error rate (BER) indicators. This article looks at the necessary channel properties to analyze how operating wavelength affects system performance and compares our results with those of the optical direct link. The performance of the system is investigated by looking at the necessary system parameters, which show the superiority of the proposed system over the optical downlink SatCom, which can improve the required aperture radius up to 10% and the overall system performance up to 57%.
Dealing with Institutional Sexism: the Coping Strategies of Hong Kong Clergywomen
Authors: Yih Caroline 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClergywomen in the male sphere of the deeply patriarchal and hierarchical church system are exposed to many types of gender maltreatment requiring them to constantly adapt and manage the challenges in their role. In this article, I examine how Hong Kong clergywomen cope when facing gravely oppressive and marginalising gender maltreatment at work. I identify four primary types of coping strategies: tolerance, defying the status quo, seeking external support, and quitting. Collectively, these coping behaviours are utilised by women ministers to endure and fulfil their ministerial callings in the face of discriminatory and oppressive actions of their colleagues. The article aims to raise awareness and draw attention to the prevailing conditions of institutional sexism within the church and to the need to address the enduring impacts of wounds inflicted on clergywomen.
The Contrasting Effects of Ethnic and Partisan Identity on Performance Evaluation
Authors: Gutiérrez-Romero Roxana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhy is voting behaviour tied to ethnicity in many new democracies? A predominant view, offered by the instrumentalist theory, argues that voters use candidates’ identity -ethnic or partisan- as a signal of expected performance. However, voters will reward well-performing politicians by being more likely to vote for them and punish bad performance regardless of candidates’ identity. To test these assumptions, we conduct a nationally representative survey in Kenya asking voters about their spending preference for the country’s main anti-poverty programme, which is managed by MPs in collaboration with citizens. We find that voters, regardless of ethnicity or party, have an erroneous view of how their MP spent the anti-poverty funds. Then in an experiment, we share with voters the spending made by the MPs and audit results probing for corruption. Once voters are aware that their MP’s spending does not match their spending priorities, their approval and likelihood of voting for the MP decreases if primed to view the politician as partisan. Voters also electorally punish MPs for corruption whether copartisan or non-copartisan. In contrast to instrumentalist expectations, if voters are primed to view their MP in ethnic terms, they are more likely to vote for their coethnic overlooking bad performance and corruption. The availability of alternative parties in local elections may explain why voters attach partisanship to performance evaluation. Still, in our case study, as in other new democracies, politicians continue mobilising support along ethnic lines, perhaps explaining why voters prioritise group loyalties if primed to think about ethnicity.
The risks of autonomous machines: from responsibility gaps to control gaps
Authors: Hindriks Frank , Veluwenkamp Herman 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResponsibility gaps concern the attribution of blame for harms caused by autonomous machines. The worry has been that, because they are artificial agents, it is impossible to attribute blame, even though doing so would be appropriate given the harms they cause. We argue that there are no responsibility gaps. The harms can be blameless. And if they are not, the blame that is appropriate is indirect and can be attributed to designers, engineers, software developers, manufacturers or regulators. The real problem lies elsewhere: autonomous machines should be built so as to exhibit a level of risk that is morally acceptable. If they fall short of this standard, they exhibit what we call ‘a control gap.’ The causal control that autonomous machines have will then fall short of the guidance control they should emulate.
Integrated modeling to achieve global goals: lessons from the Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land-use, and Energy (FABLE) initiative
Authors: Jones Sarah K. , Monjeau Adrian , Perez-Guzman Katya , Harrison Paula A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHumanity is challenged with making progress toward global biodiversity, freshwater, and climate goals, while providing food and nutritional security for everyone. Our current food and land-use systems are incompatible with this ambition making them unsustainable. Papers in this special feature introduce a participatory, integrated modeling approach applied to provide insights on how to transform food and land-use systems to sustainable trajectories in 12 countries: Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Germany, Finland, India, Mexico, Rwanda, Sweden, the UK, and USA. Papers are based on work completed by members of the Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land-use, and Energy (FABLE) initiative, a network of in-country research teams engaging policymakers and other local stakeholders to co-develop future food and land-use scenarios and modeling their national and global sustainability impacts. Here, we discuss the key leverage points, methodological advances, and multi-sector engagement strategies presented and applied in this collection of work to set countries and our planet on course for achieving food security, biodiversity, freshwater, and climate targets by 2050.
A Survey on Recent Advances and Challenges in Reinforcement Learning Methods for Task-oriented Dialogue Policy Learning
Authors: Kwan Wai-Chung , Wang Hong-Ru , Wang Hui-Min , Wong Kam-Fai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDialogue policy learning (DPL) is a key component in a task-oriented dialogue (TOD) system. Its goal is to decide the next action of the dialogue system, given the dialogue state at each turn based on a learned dialogue policy. Reinforcement learning (RL) is widely used to optimize this dialogue policy. In the learning process, the user is regarded as the environment and the system as the agent. In this paper, we present an overview of the recent advances and challenges in dialogue policy from the perspective of RL. More specifically, we identify the problems and summarize corresponding solutions for RL-based dialogue policy learning. In addition, we provide a comprehensive survey of applying RL to DPL by categorizing recent methods into five basic elements in RL. We believe this survey can shed light on future research in DPL.
AI in Human-computer Gaming: Techniques, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Yin Qi-Yue , Yang Jun , Huang Kai-Qi , Zhao Mei-Jing , Ni Wan-Cheng , Liang Bin , Huang Yan , Wu Shu , Wang Liang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the breakthrough of AlphaGo, human-computer gaming AI has ushered in a big explosion, attracting more and more researchers all over the world. As a recognized standard for testing artificial intelligence, various human-computer gaming AI systems (AIs) have been developed, such as Libratus, OpenAI Five, and AlphaStar, which beat professional human players. The rapid development of human-computer gaming AIs indicates a big step for decision-making intelligence, and it seems that current techniques can handle very complex human-computer games. So, one natural question arises: What are the possible challenges of current techniques in human-computer gaming and what are the future trends? To answer the above question, in this paper, we survey recent successful game AIs, covering board game AIs, card game AIs, first-person shooting game AIs, and real-time strategy game AIs. Through this survey, we 1) compare the main difficulties among different kinds of games and the corresponding techniques utilized for achieving professional human-level AIs; 2) summarize the mainstream frameworks and techniques that can be properly relied on for developing AIs for complex human-computer games; 3) raise the challenges or drawbacks of current techniques in the successful AIs; and 4) try to point out future trends in human-computer gaming AIs. Finally, we hope that this brief review can provide an introduction for beginners and inspire insight for researchers in the field of AI in human-computer gaming.
Clinical testing of the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette substitution for smoking: a living systematic review
Authors: La Rosa Giusy , Vernooij Robin , Qureshi Maria , Polosa Riccardo , O’Leary Renée 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSome persons who smoke have substituted e-cigarettes for tobacco cigarettes, either completely or partially. What effect does this have on cardiovascular functioning? We conducted a living systematic review on human clinical studies measuring the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette substitution for smoking. The Scopus, PubMed, and CENTRAL Cochrane Library databases were searched on January 31 and April 29, 2021. Three secondary searches and a grey literature search were conducted. Included study designs were randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental clinical trials, and cohort studies. Risk of bias and study quality were evaluated with the JBI Critical Appraisal tools and the Oxford Catalogue of Bias. The systematic review covered 25 studies comprising 1810 participants who smoked. Twenty studies were rated at high risk of bias, and five as some concerns. A tabular synthesis by direction of effect was conducted due to heterogeneity in the data. Nearly two-thirds of the test analyses indicated that e-cigarette use had no significance difference compared with tobacco cigarettes on heart rate, blood pressure, and in other cardiovascular tests. In two studies, participants with hypertension experienced a clinically relevant reduction in systolic blood pressure after 1 year of e-cigarette use. E-cigarette substitution incurs no additional cardiovascular risks, and some possible benefits may be obtained, but the evidence is of low to very low certainty. An update search on May 30, 2022 retrieved five studies that did not alter our conclusion.Registration PROSPERO #CRD42021239094.