bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Sekolah Penggerak Programme to Address Chemistry Teachers Competency on Design PjBL-based Digital Teaching Materials in Padang
Authors: Suryani Okta , Sari Trisna Kumala , Riga Riga , Mawardi Mawardi , Putra Ahadul 
Published: January 2025

Teaching materials for Sekolah Penggerak should be prepared based on a creative thinking learning model such as project-based learning (PjBL). However, based on the needs and situation of teachers towards the implementation of PjBL-based learning, implementation of PjBL in learning is still low, since the teachers in Padang need the advance training of preparation in PjBL learning material. The Community service activities have been carried out to provide experienced chemistry teachers in developing teaching materials based on Project-Based Learning. The implementation methods carried out in this activity are: (1) Analyzing the needs and situation of teachers towards the implementation of PjBL-based learning through questionnaires distributed, (2) Submission of material to service participants related to the PjBL learning model and syntax in this learning model explained by the speaker, then (3) Teachers are given the task of compiling and designing chemistry LKPDs using the PjBL model, (4) Teachers will present the results of the LKPD design compiled, and (5) evaluation of activities. The results of the service activities carried out can provide experience and understanding for chemistry teachers in Padang city regarding the PjBL learning model. Participants who attended this service activity could prepare chemistry teaching materials using the PjBL model so that teachers could be more innovative and creative. This activity service can provide motivation for teachers to prepare teaching materials in accordance with the demands of the Kurikulum Merdeka, especially in the implementation of project-based learning.
Understanding the vaginal microbiome among women with different genotypes of human papillomavirus infection in remote Andaman islands
Authors: Parvez Rehnuma , Vijayakumar Santhiya , Vins Alwin , Ramaiah Sudha , Anbarasu Anand , Biswas Lipika , Beniwal Nisha , Kaur Harpreet , Muruganandam Nagarajan 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection, and its acquisition and persistence are significantly influenced by the vaginal microbiota. Understanding and comparing the vaginal microbiome of HPV infected women in Andaman and Nicobar Islands is crucial.MethodsThe study involved collecting vaginal swabs and extracting DNA using the QIAamp DNA Minikit. The DNA was then subjected to PCR amplification to confirm HPV infection. illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform was utilized to perform sequencing utilizing 2 x 250 paired end chemistry. Taxonomic analysis was performed and Bacterial abundance plots were generated and samples were grouped based on demographic parameters, pap test diagnosis, and genotypes. To assess diversity, samples were rarefied to 49,000 sequence reads per sample, and alpha and beta diversity metrics were calculated.ResultsThe study analyzed the presence of 21 assigned phyla, with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, and Proteobacteria emerging as the predominant taxa. At the genus level, Lactobacillus and Gardnerella dominated across all samples. Gardnerella was significantly more abundant in HPV-positive (22.40%) compared to HPV-negative samples (10.04%). Symptomatic group of HPV-positive samples had Gardnerella, and unclassified Coriobacteriaceae being dominant. In terms of bacterial diversity, the study found statistically significant association when comprising individuals aged 21 to 30 years to those aged 31 to 40 years.ConclusionMost research concluded that exposure to HPV can boost bacterial diversity in vagina compared to healthy women, increasing the risk of cervical cancer development. Current study highlights the importance of vaginal microbiome associated with high and low risk HPV, various age group as well as the symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of HPV infected women in South Andaman.
Genetically predicted brain cortical structure mediates the causality between insulin resistance and cognitive impairment
Authors: Huang Chaojuan , Zhang Yuyang , Li Mingxu , Gong Qiuju , Yu Siqi , Li Zhiwei , Ren Mengmeng , Zhou Xia , Zhu Xiaoqun , Sun Zhongwu 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundInsulin resistance is tightly related to cognition; however, the causal association between them remains a matter of debate. Our investigation aims to establish the causal relationship and direction between insulin resistance and cognition, while also quantifying the mediating role of brain cortical structure in this association.MethodsThe publicly available data sources for insulin resistance (fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment beta-cell function and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, proinsulin), brain cortical structure, and cognitive phenotypes (visual memory, reaction time) were obtained from the MAGIC, ENIGMA, and UK Biobank datasets, respectively. We first conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the susceptibility of insulin resistance on cognitive phenotypes. Additionally, we applied a two-step MR to assess the mediating role of cortical surficial area and thickness in the pathway from insulin resistance to cognitive impairment. The primary Inverse-variance weighted, accompanied by robust sensitivity analysis, was implemented to explore and verify our findings. The reverse MR analysis was also performed to evaluate the causal effect of cognition on insulin resistance and brain cortical structure.ResultsThis study identified genetically determined elevated level of proinsulin increased reaction time (beta=0.03, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.01 to 0.05, p=0.005), while decreasing the surface area of rostral middle frontal (beta=-49.28, 95%CI=-86.30 to -12.27, p=0.009). The surface area of the rostral middle frontal mediated 20.97% (95%CI=1.44% to 40.49%) of the total effect of proinsulin on reaction time. No evidence of heterogeneity, pleiotropy, or reverse causality was observed.ConclusionsBriefly, our study noticed that elevated level of insulin resistance adversely affected cognition, with a partial mediation effect through alterations in brain cortical structure.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among physicians and pharmacists toward antibiotic use in sepsis
Authors: Zhang Jingmin , Shi Haipeng , Xia Yanmei , Zhu Zhenghua , Zhang Yaojun 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundSepsis management in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) presents a significant challenge within contemporary healthcare. The primary challenge lies in ensuring the timely and appropriate utilization of antibiotics. Inappropriate antibiotic use in sepsis management can result in a multitude of adverse outcomes. There has been insufficient focus on thoroughly understanding and resolving the issues related to the improper application of antibiotics in sepsis treatment by physicians and pharmacists. This gap in research is concerning, considering its potential implications for patient outcomes and public health. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among physicians and pharmacists toward antibiotic use in sepsis.MethodsThis web-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Shanxi Bethune Hospital between June 2023 and October 2023. A self-designed questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information of physicians and pharmacists, and to assess their knowledge, attitudes and practices toward antibiotic use in sepsis.ResultsA total of 200 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the participants, 115 (57.5%) were female and 118 (59%) had experience with ICU patient management. The mean knowledge, attitudes and practices scores were 10.2 ± 1.14 (possible range: 0–12), 45.88 ± 4.00 (possible range: 10–50) and 48.38 ± 5.84 (possible range: 11–55), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that attitudes (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.34–1.87, p &lt; 0.001), work experience of 15 years and above (OR = 7.17, 95%CI: 2.33–22.0, p = 0.001) were independently associated with proactive practices. For physicians, the structural equation model (SEM) demonstrated that attitudes directly affects practices, as indicated by a path coefficient of 0.91 (p &lt; 0.001). For pharmacist, SEM showed that knowledge directly affect attitudes, with a path coefficient of 0.75 (p &lt; 0.024), moreover, attitudes directly affect practices, with a path coefficient of 0.87 (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe findings revealed that physicians and pharmacists have sufficient knowledge, active attitudes, and proactive practices toward the antibiotic use in sepsis. Nonetheless, the findings also reveal the persistence of certain misconceptions, alongside notable shortcomings in both attitudes and practices. Comprehensive training programs are imperative for enhancing the practices of physicians and pharmacists in this field.
A study on the pharmacovigilance of various SGLT-2 inhibitors
Authors: Dong Yanwen , Wang Yangyang , Lan Xiaomei , Zeng Huiyan 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundSodium-glucose co-transporter two inhibitors (SGLT2is) are widely used in clinical practice due to their proven cardiovascular and renal benefits. However, various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have been reported. This study aims to systematically update the ADRs associated with SGLT2is and identify the differences among various SGLT2is acovigilance of various SGLT-2 inhibitors.MethodsData from the FAERS database covering Q1 2013 to Q2 2024 were selected for disproportionality analysis. ADRs were defined using the System Organ Classes (SOC) and Preferred Terms (PT) from the MedDRA 27.0 dictionary. Four signal detection metrics—reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratios (PRRs), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM)—were utilized to infer ADRs and assess differences among specific SGLT2i drugs through intersection analysis.ResultsExcept for canagliflozin, both dapagliflozin and empagliflozin showed a general increase in ADRs. Specifically, canagliflozin had 93 ADRs, dapagliflozin had 173, and empagliflozin had 214. Most of these were related to Infections and Infestations, Investigations, and Reproductive System and Breast Disorders, notably manifesting as inflammatory conditions of the urinary and reproductive systems, such as orchitis and testicular abscess, consistent with FDA labeling. Additionally, overlooked ADRs were identified, including bladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and thrombotic strokes, none of which were reported for canagliflozin.DiscussionWhile shared ADRs for SGLT2is are noted in FDA labeling, monitoring for high-risk populations, such as those with cancers or strokes, remains crucial to prevent deterioration. Medication regimens may need adjustment, including selecting canagliflozin or non-SGLT2i alternatives when necessary.
Treatment patterns and clinical profile in progressive pulmonary fibrosis: a Japanese cross-sectional survey
Authors: Yasuoka Hidekata , Waseda Yuko , Kaneko Yuko , Okazaki Masateru , Iwasaki Ryoko , Nagata Shoko , Small Mark , Ishii Haruyuki 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThere is a paucity of real-world data on patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) that are progressive, other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), including treatment patterns and attitudes toward treatment. This study aimed to investigate the diagnosis, clinical characteristics, treatment paradigm and current decision-making practices of IPF and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) in a Japanese real-world setting.MethodsData were drawn from the Adelphi Real World PPF-ILD Disease Specific Programme™, a cross-sectional survey with retrospective data collection of pulmonologists and rheumatologists in Japan from April to October 2022. Physicians provided data for up to 12 consecutive patients with a physician-confirmed diagnosis of progressive ILD; patients were also invited to complete patient self-completion forms. Analyses were descriptive.ResultsA total of 63 physicians (43 pulmonologists and 20 rheumatologists) provided data on 312 patients with PPF and 70 patients with IPF. Patients had a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age at survey date of 68.0 (11.6) years, 43.5% were female, 50.3% were former smokers and 18.1% were employed full time. For breathlessness, 26.5% of patients had Grade 2 physician-reported breathlessness; this was 16.7% when reported by patients themselves. A total of 81.4% of patients were currently receiving treatment for ILD. Mean (SD) duration of current treatment was 1.5 (1.4) years. Slowing disease progression was the primary reason influencing physicians’ choice of current ILD treatment (48.5%). A total of 16.0% had never been treated (most frequent physician-reported reason: disease was manageable without treatment, 55.7%) and 2.6% had treatment discontinued (most frequent reason: patient request, 70.0%). Physicians reported 82.3% of patients as fully compliant with their treatment regimen. As reported by patients themselves (n = 53), 49.1% never and 37.7% rarely missed a dose.ConclusionThis analysis of real-world data from Japan provides insights into the clinical profile of patients with IPF and PPF in Japan, and highlights differences between physicians and patients in perception of symptom severity and attitudes to treatment.
Upregulation of HSP90α in the lungs and circulation in sarcoidosis
Authors: Isshiki Takuma , Sunakawa Motoko , Vierhout Megan , Ayoub Anmar , Ali Pareesa , Naiel Safaa , Miyoshi Shion , Naqvi Asghar , Hambly Nathan , Kishi Kazuma , Ask Kjetil , Kolb Martin R. J. 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundSarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause. Natural improvement with favorable outcome is common, but a significant number of patients present with difficult to manage and progressive disease. The identification of biomarkers associated with disease activity and progression is warranted. Extracellular heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) α is a signaling molecule released by cells that induces proinflammatory signaling through interaction with certain receptors, such as lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1.Materials and methodsHSP90α protein expression in lung tissues derived from patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis and control subjects was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Serum HSP90α concentration was measured in sarcoidosis patients and healthy controls and correlated with clinical outcomes. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and analyzed for HSP90α expression. Extracellular HSP90α released from macrophages was examined in human primary cells and an immortalized cell line.ResultsMacrophages and granulomas in sarcoidosis-affected lungs showed high HSP90α expression. Serum HSP90α levels were elevated in sarcoidosis patients compared with controls and correlated with BALF HSP90α levels. HSP90α concentrations in the circulation were correlated with biomarkers of disease stage. Both primary and immortalized macrophages showed a high capacity for secreting extracellular HSP90α.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that macrophages in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients produce high levels of HSP90α, suggesting HSP90α as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
16S rRNA and metabolomics reveal the key microbes and key metabolites that regulate diarrhea in Holstein male calves
Authors: Cao P. P. , Hu C. L. , Li M. J. , An Y. H. , Feng X. , Ma X. H. , Wang D. Z. , Song Z. H. , Ji G. S. , Yang D. , Ma Q. , Yang W. F. , Dong J. N. , Zhang H. R. , Ma Y. , Ma Y. F. 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionDiarrhea is a prevalent disease among calves, which significantly hinders their growth and development, thereby impacting farm productivity and revenue. This study aimed to investigate the impact of diarrhea on calf growth.MethodsHolstein male calves with similar birth weight (39.5 ± 4.2 kg) were included in this study, and key parameters such as fecal score, diarrhea incidence, and growth performance from birth to weaning were measured. Rectal fecal samples from both diarrheic (n = 24) and healthy calves (n = 24) aged 1–4 weeks were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.ResultsOur findings indicated a high prevalence of diarrhea among calves between 1–4 weeks of age on pasture, which led to a marked decrease in growth performance, including average daily gain. At the genus level, the relative abundance of GCA-900066575 in one-week-old diarrheic calves was significantly higher; Escherichia-Shigella and Pseudoflavonifractor were more abundant in two-week-old calves; while Tyzzerella and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 increased significantly in four-week-old calves, and correlated negatively with average daily gain, suggesting that these bacteria may promote the occurrence of diarrhea. Correlation analysis revealed that fecal metabolites such as arachidonic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, oleic acid, choline, creatinine, and others were significantly negatively correlated with calf growth performance and were significantly increased in diarrheic calves. WGNCA identified that dark magenta module metabolites were significantly associated with diarrhea traits from 1–4 weeks. Thirteen metabolites, including glycerophospholipids (such as 1-stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), fatty acids (such as dodecanoic acid), and arachidonic acid, were positively correlated with GCA-900066575, Escherichia-shigella, Tyzzerella, and Clostridium_butyricum, but negatively correlated with UBA1819, Lachnoclostridium_sp_YL32, and Clostridium_scindens.DiscussionTherefore, GCA-900066575, Escherichia-shigella, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004, and Tyzzerella are likely key bacterial genera causing diarrhea in calves, while arachidonic acid, glycerol phospholipids, and fatty acids are critical metabolites associated with this condition. These alterations in the fecal microbiota and metabolite composition were found to be the principal contributors to growth retardation in diarrheic calves.
Dysphagia in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia through fluoroscopic study with barium swallow in a memory clinic
Authors: Martinez-Peña Georgina , Mimenza-Alvarado Alberto Jose , Aguilar-Navarro Sara Gloria 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionDysphagia and cognitive impairment are prevalent in older individuals. This study aimed to understand the characteristics of dysphagia through fluoroscopy in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at a memory clinic in a tertiary hospital in Mexico City. A total of 158 patients were included, of whom 86 (54.4%) showed a risk of dysphagia, and 84 underwent barium swallow fluoroscopy.ResultsAn association was observed between MCI and alteration in the oral phase (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12, 0.92, p = 0.034). Compared to patients with dementia, patients with MCI showed greater alteration in protection against regurgitation (OR 3.19, 95% CI: 1.05 to 9.72, p = 0.042) and in the contraction of the laryngeal muscles (OR 3.54, 95% CI: 1.30 to 9.62, p = 0.013).DiscussionOur findings highlight the altered phases of swallowing in patients with dementia. Additionally, we found a high prevalence of dysphagia in older adults with MCI, underscoring the importance of early detection and intervention.
Post-craniotomy intracranial pressure monitoring: a novel approach combining optic nerve sheath diameter ultrasonography and cervical-cerebral arterial ultrasound
Authors: Fu Zunfeng , Peng Lin , Guo Laicai , Hu Naixia , Zhu Yamin , Tang Shouxin , Lou Hongliang , Zhang Jiajun , Wang Chongqiang 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveElevated intracranial pressure (ICP), a common complication in traumatic brain injuries (TBI), can lead to optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) enlargement and flow spectrum changes from the internal carotid artery (ICA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA). This study will investigate the use of Cervical-Cerebral Arterial Ultrasound (CCAU) for non-invasive ICP assessment and evaluating the related indices’ clinical utility in TBI patients with decompressive craniotomy (DC).MethodsONSD and flow spectrum changes were measured within 24 h after DC in 106 patients via ultrasonic ONSD measurement and CCAU, simultaneously. Intracranial pressures were invasively monitored, using a microsensor or ventricular catheter as the gold standard. Patients were classified into two groups, namely the normal group and the elevated group, based on distinct intracranial pressure thresholds of 15 mmHg, 20 mmHg and 22 mmHg. Subsequently, Bland Altman plot used for evaluating agreement between estimate for ICP (ICPe) and invasive ICP (ICPi). Then, the correlation between ONSD, MCAPI (pulsatility index of MCA), PI-ratio (MCAPI/ICAPI), and ICPe was examined through linear regression analysis. Finally, receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC) were also analyzed for different indexes and their combinations (using logistic model).ResultsSignificant differences were observed between the normal and elevated ICP groups with respect to ONSD, PI-ratio, MCAPI and MCAFVd (diastolic flow velocity of MCA) (p &lt; 0.05). The correlation coefficients for the relationships between ONSD, PI ratio, FVdMCA, and PI with ICPi were 0.62, 0.33, 0.32 and 0.21, respectively, each demonstrating statistical significance (p &lt; 0.05). Analysis of the ROC curves demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting elevated ICPi at thresholds of 15 mmHg, 20 mmHg, and 22 mmHg via combined ultrasonographic measurements of the PI ratio and ONSD was the largest, specifically 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65–0.82), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.69–0.85), and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.86), respectively.ConclusionUltrasonographic measurements of ONSD, PI-ratio, MCAPI and MCAFVd demonstrate a moderate to low weak correlation with ICPi measurements. ICPe is not considered sufficiently precise for noninvasive accurate ICP assessment. The concurrent utilization of CCAU and ONSD measurements may offer superior accuracy for elevated ICP in TBI patients with DC, especially in specificity. Further research is imperative to validate these findings within a more extensive patient population.
Evaluating plasma biomarkers NfL, GFAP, GDF15, and FGF21 as indicators of disease severity in Charcot–Marie Tooth patients
Authors: Pretkalnina Dace , Kenina Elizabete , Gailite Linda , Rots Dmitrijs , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Kenina Viktorija 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT), a slowly advancing hereditary nerve disorder, presents a significant challenge in the medical field. Effective drugs for treatment are lacking, and we struggle to find sensitive markers to track the disease’s severity and progression. In this study, our objective was to investigate the levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in individuals with CMT and to compare them to a control group. Our primary goal is to determine whether these biomarker levels are related to the severity of the disease.MethodsInitially, 44 patients with CMT and 44 controls participated in this study. CMT diagnosis was approved by genetic testing. Disease severity was assessed through clinical evaluations using the CMT Neuropathy Score version 2 (CMTNSv2). NfL and GFAP concentrations were measured using Single molecule array, while FGF-21 and GDF-15 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsIn the group of patients with CMT, the concentrations of GDF15, FGF21, NfL, and GFAP were significantly higher than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). NfL and GFAP levels were correlated with the CMTNSv2 score (rs = 0.46, p = 0.002; rs = 0.31, p = 0.04).ConclusionOur study has provided confirmation that plasma concentrations of NfL, GFAP, GDF15, and FGF21 are significantly elevated in patients with CMT compared to controls. Furthermore, NfL and GFAP levels were correlated with the clinical severity of CMT. These findings suggest that NfL and GFAP can be reliable disease indicators in future research.