bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes in a Large Sample of Youth and Adult Patients Receiving Virtual Evidence‐Based Treatment for ARFID: A Naturalistic Study
Authors: Hellner Megan , Cai Kelly , Freestone Dave , Baker Jessica H. , Menzel Jessie , Steinberg Dori M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTreatment outcomes research for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) has been limited to small, mixed‐age feasibility trials in face‐to‐face care settings. This study aims to examine clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in a large sample of youth and adult patients receiving virtual multidisciplinary team treatment for ARFID.MethodThe sample included N = 783 patients (532 youth and 251 adults) diagnosed with ARFID. Patients received cognitive behavioral therapy for ARFID (CBT‐AR) or family‐based treatment for ARFID (FBT‐ARFID) enhanced by specialized support from a multidisciplinary team. Patients (or caregivers) completed a number of measures assessing ARFID and mood‐related symptoms upon admission and throughout treatment.ResultsYouth patients on weight restoration (56%) started treatment around 85% [84%, 86%] of their target weight, and increased to 94% [93%, 96%] by week 35. Adults on weight restoration (47%) started at 85% [84%, 87%] and reached 92% [90%, 94%]. Scores improved for both groups on all PARDI‐AR‐Q subscales: (sensory sensitivity: b = −0.25 [−0.33, −0.16]; lack of interest: b = −0.08 [−0.16, −0.00]; fear of aversive consequences: b = −0.12 [−0.19, −0.04]). Both youth and adults demonstrated reliable improvements in willingness to try new foods (b = −0.64 [−0.89, −0.37]), anxiety symptoms (b = −0.71 [−0.95, −0.48]), and depression symptoms (b = −0.86 [−1.07, −0.64]).DiscussionYouth and adult patients demonstrated reliable symptom improvements over the course of treatment across all measures, offering preliminary support for the effectiveness of FBT‐ARFID and CBT‐AR delivered virtually by a multidisciplinary care team.
Registries on transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair in heart failure: Current evidence and future perspectives
Authors: Savarese Gianluigi , Basile Christian , Adamo Marianna , Anker Stefan D. , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Böhm Michael , Donal Erwan , Filippatos Gerasimos S. , Maisano Francesco , Ponikowski Piotr , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan , Metra Marco , Butler Javed 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsSecondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) are the most common valvular heart diseases in patients with heart failure (HF). Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) devices designed for treating MR and TR have been successfully tested in randomized controlled trials, but methodological issues have often challenged their interpretation. This manuscript aimed to provide an overview of TEER registries on SMR and TR in HF, highlighting their key features, describing clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients receiving these devices, and exploring the available data limitations.Methods and resultsPubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for registries reporting on TEER in SMR or TR. Registries were excluded if single‐centre and with <100 patients. Twenty‐six registries (46% prospective, 12% ongoing), including a total cohort of 18 925 patients, were retrieved for TEER in SMR, and six registries (50% retrospective, 33% ongoing) reported on the use of TEER for TR in a total cohort of 1412 patients. Limited geographical representativity outside North America and Europe, high number of missing values, and inconsistency in data reporting were the main existing evidence limitations.ConclusionRegistries on TEER represent a key data source in a setting where it is difficult to conduct randomized controlled trials. However, limitations in design, patient characterization, and outcomes reporting restrain their use. A novel conceptual framework for future prospective TEER registries, as proposed in this document, might inform current practice, address relevant clinical questions and future trial design.
Direct Inhibitory Effect of HTLV‐1‐Infected T Cells on the Production of Anti‐Ro/SS‐A Antibody by B Cells from Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Nagata Kinya , Tsukamoto Masako , Nagasawa Yosuke , Kitamura Noboru , Nakamura Hideki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe reasons for the low frequency of anti‐Ro/SS‐A antibody in patients with HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy complicated with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are unclear. In this study, we investigated whether HTLV‐1‐infected T cells can act directly on B cells and suppress B cells' production of antibodies, including anti‐Ro/SS‐A antibody. For this purpose, we established an in vitro T‐cell‐free B‐cell antibody production system. The productions of total IgG and anti‐cytomegalovirus IgG in B cells from healthy subjects and those of total IgG and anti‐Ro/SS‐A IgG in B cells from SS patients were significantly suppressed by the addition of HTLV‐1‐positive T‐cell lines (MT‐2 and HCT‐5). Our analysis of co‐cultured B cells identified no sign of HTLV‐1 infection and revealed that MT‐2 and HCT‐5 cells act on the early stages of B‐cell differentiation, not the activation stage. MT‐2 and HCT‐5 cells constitutively expressed CD70, ICAM‐1, LAP (TGF‐β), and PD‐L1/2, but blocking monoclonal antibodies to these molecules or PD‐L1/2 receptor PD‐1 had no significant canceling effect on B‐cell IgG production regarding their suppressive activity. Importantly, autologous CD4+CD25+CD127low Treg cells had no inhibitory effect on B‐cell IgG production. These results demonstrate that HTLV‐1‐positive T cells can directly suppress B‐cell antibody production through mechanisms that differ from Treg functions.
Integrating GIS Mapping and Artificial Neural Networks for Assessing Biomass Energy Potential From Agricultural Residues in Iran
Authors: Naeimi Ehsan Fartash , Gürdil Gürkan Alp Kağan , Demirel Bahadır 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAgricultural residues (such as straw and other nonmarketable plant waste) in Iran exceed 200 million tons annually, which can supply 10%–15% of the country's energy needs. The objective of this study was to investigate and estimate the biomass energy potential derived from crop residues in Iran using GIS mapping and artificial neural networks. The energy potential of the residues was determined by considering their heating value and the quantity of available residues. The available agricultural residues for the 10 crops studied were estimated to be 9,688,450 tons. Sugarcane and sugar beet contributed the largest shares, representing 32.33% and 25.72%, respectively. The largest quantities of sugarcane and wheat residues were found in Khuzestan province, amounting to 3,131,620 and 124,660 tons, respectively. For sugar beet, the maximum amount of residues was recorded in West Azerbaijan, with 719,140 tons. The total heating values for the residues were calculated to be 56,376 TJ for sugarcane, 18,212.36 TJ for wheat, and 42,887.32 TJ for sugar beet. The artificial neural network was able to predict the energy potential of biomass from the main products with a correlation coefficient of over 0.99 and the lowest error rate. GIS maps proved highly effective for rapidly analyzing the status of plant residues and their energy potential in each province. The findings suggest that agricultural residues in Iran have significant potential as a sustainable biomass energy source.
A Practical Approach to Time‐Varying Inflow Simulation and the Influence on Intermittent Airflow Within Urban Street Canyons
Authors: Zhang Yunwei , Zhao Lushuang , Jing Lizhi , Miao Haiyan , Su Junwei , Gu Zhaolin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBased on large eddy simulations, intermittent airflow within an urban street canyon was simulated. The practice of time‐varying inflow conditions (TVIC) required a time series of inflow wind velocity, which could be collected on a varying curve of the moving averaged measured data. The influences of the time interval of the wind series and the varying trend (or molded line) between adjacent data on airflow within the street canyon were analyzed. The results showed that TVIC would result in larger average wind velocity and turbulence intensity than that simulated under steady inflow conditions (SIC). The simulated total vertical air exchanges under TVIC would be one order of magnitude higher than that simulated under SIC. Airflow characteristics within street canyons were influenced by the varying trends and the time intervals of the time‐series inflow wind. Average vertical wind velocity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) simulated under the stepped varying trend was higher than that under the jagged varying trend. The shorter the time interval, the larger the TKE within the street canyon. Vertical air exchanges induced by turbulence (ACH′) at the roof level simulated under the stepped molded lines were twice that of the jagged molded line. Under the time interval of 30 s, the ACH′ was significantly increased, which was 2.558 times that simulated with a time interval of 1 min. Thus, the suggested practical approach for time‐varying inflow simulations is to obtain time‐series wind data with a time interval of 1 min or less, and the linearly molded line would be critical; for larger time intervals, reasonable molded lines would be required.
Experimental Study on the Performance of Gradient Pores Density Metal Foam in a Rectangular Channel
Authors: Hasan Mohammed H. , Saihood Raed G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTVarious approaches are employed to enhance the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number inside the channels. One of the techniques employed for these enhancements is the utilization of porous media. In the current article, a practical investigation of forced convection heat transfer in a rectangular cross‐section channel (0.05 × 0.1 m2) with 0.25 m length is conducted. A heater with a heat flux range (450–6000 W/m2) is imposed under a copper plate, and the other sides are covered by insulation layers. The air is considered as a working fluid with Re (600–2100). The test section is fully filled with gradient pores per inch (PPI) metal foam by taking three different pores densities PPI (10, 20, and 40 PPI) and studying its effects on the temperature of copper plate, the local heat transfer coefficient, average Nusselt number, pressure drop, friction factor, and the performance factor. Three cases were studied inside the channel: one empty case and two with gradient pore density case A (40–20–10) PPI and case B (10–20–40) PPI. The results showed that inserting the metal foam inside the channel improves h and Nu. Case B appeared the best of this improvement in h and Nu by 12% and 25%, respectively, compared with that in case A. While the friction factor was the same for two cases A and B. So, the performance factor in case B showed an improvement of around 25% and 50% in comparison to case A and the empty case, respectively.
Trametes cingulata: A white rot fungus in decolorization of azo dye reactive red 239
Authors: de Souza Daniel Juliana Feijó , Cardoso Fausto Rodrigues , Angilelli Karina B , Gomes Carolina Andrella , Abreu Lucas Magalhães , de Carvalho Junior Orlando 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAzo dyes in textile effluents represent a particular health concern because they include azo groups (NN), which are reactive with DNA nucleic acids. The enzymes produced by white rot fungi can biodegrade a broad range of environmental contaminants. This work addresses this by concentrating on novel and effective optimal conditions for Trametes cingulata to produce oxidative enzymes and the capacity to decolorize the azo dye reactive red 239.ResultsA multifactorial experimental design optimized enzymatic activity and azo dye decolorization. Concentrations of 2.5 g L−1 of copper sulfate (CS) and 3.0 g L−1 of yeast extract (YS) for 16 days produced 100% decolorization, with 7.72 U mL−1 of laccase (Lac) and 0.013 U mL−1 of lignin peroxidase (Lip). These were found to be the ideal conditions for the decolorization process. The maximal Lac activity was 12.22 U mL−1 with 2.5 g L−1 CS, 25.0 g L−1 YS and 16 days, in addition to 0.14 U mL−1 Lip activity and 59% decolorization. It was possible to ascertain that the dye's functional groups had been adsorbed to the fungal mycelium by employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Images obtained from scanning electron microscopy analyses enable the distinction of certain features that signify the adsorption process. Additionally, under ideal decolorization conditions, a 55% chemical oxygen demand decrease was noted.ConclusionThe findings reported show that T. cingulata may decolorize effluents containing azo dyes using two distinct processes: fungal mycelium biosorption and enzymatic degradation. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guanxinjing Capsule Based on Fingerprint and Multicomponent Simultaneous Quantitative Method
Authors: Zhang Guanhua , Liu Xin , Liang Hao , Wang Xu , Wang Qi , Wang Qiao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA novel dual‐wavelength ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) fingerprint was established, 56 common peaks were confirmed and attributed to the source of the medicinal materials, and 13 chromatographic peaks of them were identified by UHPLC quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐TOF)‐MS/MS and UHPLC‐UV method. Furthermore, a simple and sensitive HPLC‐quadrupole trap (Q‐TRAP)‐MS/MS was developed for the simultaneous determination of 16 active components with electrospray ionization (ESI) source switching between positive and negative modes in a single run. The above two methods were successfully applied for the quality evaluation of Guanxinjing capsule (GXJC). Finally, statistical analysis including principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis (OPLS‐DA) were applied, and 13 variables with great contribution to different groups of samples were screened. This study not only provides a rapid, accurate, and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative method for quality evaluation of GXJC but it also provides a reference workflow for the other traditional Chinese medicines.
Long‐Term Auditory and Speech Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Children with IP‐I Malformation
Authors: Liu Xianqi , Chao Xiuhua , Wang Ruijie , Luo Jianfen , Wang Min , Li JinMing , Hu Fangxia , Xu Lei 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the long‐term auditory and speech outcomes in children with Incomplete Partition Type I (IP‐I) who underwent cochlear implantation (CI) and compared their progress to implanted children with normal cochlea.MethodsThis study tracked 17 children with IP‐Ι for an average of 3.5 years post‐implantation. A control group with normal cochlea was also tracked. Regular assessments, including aided hearing threshold, categories of auditory performance (CAP), and speech intelligibility rating (SIR), were conducted every 6 months for the first 2 years post‐CI and annually thereafter. Speech recognition was tested for children who could cooperate with it.ResultsThe aided hearing threshold of IP‐I children had improved significantly from 90.51 dB HL before CI to 47.02 dB HL in the sixth‐month post‐CI, and it had further improved to 26.27 dB HL after more than 48 months post‐CI. Meanwhile, their median CAP scores had improved from 0 to 6.5 and median SIR scores from 1 to 4 over the same period. There was no significant difference in the improvement of mean aided hearing thresholds over time between the IP‐I and control groups postoperation. However, IP‐I children showed slower progress in CAP and SIR scores and had lower recognition rates for monosyllabic and disyllabic words compared with the control group.ConclusionChildren with IP‐Ι showed continuous but slower improvement in auditory and speech capabilities post‐CI compared to those with normal cochlea. Their speech recognition ability was also inferior.Level of EvidenceIII Laryngoscope, 2025
Estimating latent heat flux of subtropical forests using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Sahu Harekrushna , Deb Burman Pramit Kumar , Gnanamoorthy Palingamoorthy , Song Qinghai , Zhang Yiping , Wang Huimin , Chen Yaoliang , Wang Shusen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLatent heat flux (LE) is a measure of the water exchange between Earth's surface and atmosphere, also known as evapotranspiration. It is a fundamental component in the Earth's energy budget and hydrological cycle and plays an important role in regulating the weather and climate. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) offers a gap‐filled biophysical product for LE at 8‐day temporal and 500‐meter spatial resolutions. Nonetheless, validation against the in situ eddy covariance measurement reveals significant errors in MODIS LE estimation. Our study integrates ground‐measured, reanalysis and satellite data to predict LE by leveraging the advantage of the data‐driven method. The study draws upon flux data derived from the AsiaFlux database, alongside reanalysis datasets from the Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA) and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) products, as well as biophysical measurements from the MODIS satellite. An analysis of the annual water budget, based on ERA5 precipitation data, highlights net positive water balances across the study sites. By harnessing diverse datasets, we employ various machine learning regression algorithms. We find the support vector regression superior to linear, lasso, random forest, adaptive boosting and gradient boosting algorithms. This study highlights the robustness of support vector regression and accentuates the impact of climatic and environmental conditions on model performance, ultimately contributing to more precise predictions of latent heat flux.
Local land‐use decisions drive losses in river biological integrity to 2099: Using machine learning to disentangle interacting drivers of ecological change in policy forecasts
Authors: Bourne Kimberly , Calder Ryan S. D. , Zuidema Shan , Chen Celia Y. , Borsuk Mark E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractClimate and land‐use/land‐cover (LULC) change each threaten the health of rivers. Rising temperatures, changes in rainfall and runoff, and other perturbations, will all impact rivers' physical, biological, and chemical characteristics over the next century. While scientists and policymakers have increasing access to climate and LULC forecasts, the implications of each for outcomes of interest have been difficult to quantify. This is partially because climate and LULC perturb ecological outcomes via incompletely understood site‐specific, interacting, and nonlinear mechanisms that are not well suited to analysis using classical statistical methods. This creates uncertainties over the benefits of local‐level interventions such as green infrastructure investments and urban densification, and limits how forecasts can be used to inform decision‐making. Here, we demonstrate how machine learning can be used to quantify the relative contributions of LULC and climate drivers to impacts on riverine health as measured by taxonomic richness of the macroinvertebrate orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT). We develop a cross‐validated Random Forest (RF) model to link EPT taxa richness to meteorological, water quality, hydrologic, and LULC variables in watersheds in New Hampshire and Vermont, USA. Prospective climate and LULC scenarios are used to generate predictions of these variables and of EPT taxa richness trends through the year 2099. The model structure is mechanistically interpretable and performs well on test data (R2 ~ 0.4). Impacts on EPT taxa richness are driven by local LULC policy such as increased suburbanization. Future trends are likely to be exacerbated by climate change, although warming conditions suggest possible increases in springtime EPT taxa richness. Overall, this analysis highlights (1) the impact of local LULC decisions on riverine health in the context of a changing climate, and (2) the role machine learning methods can play in developing models that disentangle interacting physical mechanisms to advance decision support.
Design of Microwave Photonic Filter Using Zero‐Pole Placement Method With FBG Based Delay Lines
Authors: Ankita Rani , Sengupta Somnath 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA novel technique for design of microwave photonic filter using fiber Bragg grating based delay lines with zero‐pole placement method has been proposed and demonstrated. The concept of linear phase based finite impulse response (FIR) filter has been utilized. The proposed work focuses on technique to compute the filter‐tap coefficients for general delay‐line based microwave photonic filter structures for a desired spectral response. The filter coefficients have been obtained as real and positive and treated as the reflectivities of the FBGs connected in cascade. The low‐pass and multi‐band pass microwave photonic filter have been realized for operation in 0.2–25 GHz microwave frequency range. The filter performance has been analyzed in terms of bandwidth, order, and size of the filter. The size of the core component of the filter or overall FBG‐based delay link is obtained as 1–10 cm. The filter has been simulated both theoretically and experimentally and good agreement is achieved. The proposed design technique can also be applied for infinite impulse response (IIR) filters and as well as all classes of filters. The compact sized filter can be used for photonic‐integrated circuits.
From statistics to deep learning: Using large language models in psychiatric research
Authors: Hua Yining , Beam Andrew , Chibnik Lori B. , Torous John 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundLarge Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in enhancing psychiatric research efficiency. However, concerns related to bias, computational demands, data privacy, and the reliability of LLM‐generated content pose challenges.GapExisting studies primarily focus on the clinical applications of LLMs, with limited exploration of their potentials in broader psychiatric research.ObjectiveThis study adopts a narrative review format to assess the utility of LLMs in psychiatric research, beyond clinical settings, focusing on their effectiveness in literature review, study design, subject selection, statistical modeling, and academic writing.ImplicationThis study provides a clearer understanding of how LLMs can be effectively integrated in the psychiatric research process, offering guidance on mitigating the associated risks and maximizing their potential benefits. While LLMs hold promise for advancing psychiatric research, careful oversight, rigorous validation, and adherence to ethical standards are crucial to mitigating risks such as bias, data privacy concerns, and reliability issues, thereby ensuring their effective and responsible use in improving psychiatric research.