bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NIV support bronchoscopy by tracheostomy after decannulation failure: avoid new tracheostomy—case report and review analysis
Authors: Mohamed Hadeel , Elshazly Mostafa , Esquinas Antonio 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Decannulation is an essential step in liberating tracheostomised patients from mechanical ventilation. There is a paucity of literature on tracheostomy decannulation methods and procedures, leaving the decision to expert opinion and institutional guidelines. Failure to decannulate may result from several reasons, such as severe dysphagia, retention of copious secretions requiring invasive airway clearing techniques, or tracheal stenosis. Meanwhile, the combined use of either non-invasive ventilation during bronchoscopy has been reported as a successful strategy in different diagnostic and therapeutic clinical conditions.

Case presentation
We describe a patient admitted to the intensive care unit due to respiratory failure after a decannulation process and the use of non-invasive ventilation as rescue therapy during urgent flexible bronchoscopy to support this procedure and control acute hypercapnic respiratory failure and avoid recannulation process.

Conclusions
This case presents the rationale approach of using non-invasive ventilation during bronchoscopy to avoid decannulation failure by accumulation of secretions during this procedure.
Duodenal diversion surgery in management of intractable tracheobroncho-gastric fistula after esophagectomy
Authors: Urabe Masayuki , Yagi Koichi , Yoshimura Shuntaro , Ri Motonari , Yajima Shoh , Okumura Yasuhiro , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Tracheobroncho-gastric fistula (TGF), a rare but potentially fatal complication following esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction, has conventionally been treated with surgical repair and/or airway stenting. However, satisfactory therapeutic outcomes with these modalities have yet to be obtained because of difficulty in controlling persistent inflammation caused by digestive juice reflux.

Case presentation
We adopted duodenal diversion (DD), a classic anti-reflux surgical method, as an additional option for TGF management and have experienced two cases undergoing DD surgery for post-esophagectomy TGF (all male, 76–77 years old). TGF was developed after gastric conduit necrosis and anastomotic leakage, respectively, in these patients. In both cases, the DD procedure combined with surgical fistula repair was feasible with no DD-related complications. These operations achieved a good effect in terms of preventing gastroduodenal reflux and ameliorating respiratory status. Reconstructive surgery after DD was performed and oral dietary intake was successfully resumed in one case.

Conclusion
DD appears to be a valid evacuation therapy when airway contamination with gastroduodenal reflux is not amenable to the conventional approach alone, and can usefully be included in the TGF treatment strategy in appropriate cases.
Violence in first-episode psychosis: evidence from an early intervention in psychosis programme
Authors: Mentxaka Oihane , Recio-Barbero María , Arana-Arri Eunate , Segarra Rafael 
Published: September 2023

Background
Psychotic disorders are frequently associated with a public perception of dangerousness and belligerence. This situation has contributed to the social stigmatisation of people with severe mental illness and the resulting discrimination that this scenario entails. Despite efforts to demystify such disorders, the association between violent behaviour and psychosis remains unclear.

Aims
To explore the incidence of the main types of violent offences in a cohort of patients presenting with first-episode psychosis (FEP).

Method
Participants were recruited from the First Episode Psychosis Intervention Program (CRUPEP) cohort between 2009 and 2016. The main clinical variables were collected, including medical-forensic records of participants registered at the Basque Institute of Forensic Medicine (BIFM), to identify any violent acts in which participants were involved, either as victims or as offenders.

Results
Overall, 79.5% (n = 182) of the participants had no record of violent crime or offence recorded in the BIFM. Annual crime rates for the 2009–2016 period show a decreasing trend in both the general population (IRR = 0.981, 95% CI 0.978–0.983, P < 0.001) and in the FEP group (IRR = 0.019, 95% CI 0.012–0.028, P < 0.001); this pattern is more pronounced in the FEP group. Victimisation accounted for the vast majority of reported incidents; nevertheless, participants who had committed violent offences were mostly involved in intrafamily violence.

Conclusions
Individuals with FEP were not involved in a higher number of crimes than the general population. The types of violent acts committed by people with FEP were heterogeneous, with extreme violence being particularly uncommon.
Protocol on comparative evaluation of the effect of application of 38% silver diamine fluoride on sealing ability of Biodentine and MTA Angelus as a perforation repair material: a confocal laser microscopic study
Authors: Wazurkar Saee , patel Dr. Aditya Singh 
Published: September 2023

Background: Perforation can occur while performing root canal treatment. Biodentine has been made utilizing MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate) as a base, and claims to improve its properties in aspects such as physical property, durability, and handling, as well as its many other applications in restorative dentistry. The chemical components of SDF (silver diamine fluoride) have been suggested to have the following benefits: fluoride aids in remineralization and prevention, silver salts induce dentin sclerosis/calcification, and exhibit germicidal actions. It works by occluding dentinal tubules thus helping in preventing microleakage. This study aims to focus on the use of SDF on Biodentine and MTA as perforation repair material using a confocal microscope. Methods: Mandibular molars will be selected for the study. The study will be divided into 4 groups: Group 1: Biodentine without application of 38% SDF; Group 2: Biodentine with the application of 38% SDF; Group 3: MTA Angelus without application of 38% SDF; and Group 4: MTA Angelus along with the application of 38% SDF. An artificial perforation 2 mm in diameter will be made directly in the middle of the pulpal floor. 38% silver diamine fluoride (FAMAGAIN) will be applied on the walls of the perforation according to the manufacturer’s instructions for the experimental groups (Groups 2 and 4). In the four groups, Biodentine will be applied in groups 1 and 2 and MTA will be applied in 3 and 4 (perforation repair material). To evaluate the sealing capacity of perforation material in this study, we will use the average values of coronal dye leakage at the perforation site and Escobar’s criteria, which are used to assess the infiltration proportions. Conclusions: It is expected that application of 38% of silver diamine fluoride on MTA Angelus and Biodentine may show better sealing ability than MTA Angelus and Biodentine alone.
A model curriculum in sexual medicine for undergraduate education in Europe
Authors: Di Dionisio Carlo Matteo , Bitzer Johannes , Greil-Soyka Marianne 
Published: September 2023

Sexual health has been recognized as an essential component of the overall health and wellbeing. The current article aims, first, to review the current state of sexual health education in undergraduate medical curricula, identifying gaps, needs and challenges. The main part of this paper describes the development and content of an undergraduate sexual medicine curriculum based on a clear concept of the competencies students should learn regarding knowledge, skills and attitudes. The content is based on a biopsychosocial understanding of human sexuality elaborated by international experts from different European countries integrating basic knowledge in biology, psychology, sociocultural and political sciences, preventive medicine, and the various therapeutic approaches to help women, men and couples with sexual health problems on a primary care level. In order to enable students to learn the basic skills of sexual history taking and sexual basic counselling two educational videos were produced. The material presented is part of the European Collaboration in Science and Technology (COST) supported project European Sexual Medicine Network (ESMN). The material provided can serve universities to give the training as a 25-30 hours course equivalent to 1 ECTS.
Thermal stress analysis of laser cleaning of aluminum alloy oxide film
Authors: Dong Hang , Li Jingyi , Li Yahui , Zhang Wei , Jin Guangyong 
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a theoretical model for laser cleaning of aluminium alloy oxide film is presented from the perspective of thermal stress. Additionally, we developed a two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model for calculation. Thermal stresses result from thermal expansion. Using thermodynamic equations, numerical calculations enable the determination of a theoretical cleaning threshold by comparing the thermal stresses to the adhesion between the oxide film and the substrate. Through theory and experiments, it is known that the greater the laser fluence, the better is the cleaning effect. The findings indicate that cleaning of the oxide film on aluminum alloys can be achieved under appropriate parameters. The cleaning threshold for laser cleaning of the oxide film is determined to be 3629.47J/cm2 (continuous laser fluence is 3628.73J/cm2; nanosecond laser fluence is 0.74J/cm2). The thermal stress model of laser cleaning is highly useful for selecting the appropriate laser flux in practical applications. Both a simulation and experimental results can provide an explanation for the mechanism of interaction between the laser and the aluminum alloy oxide film, demonstrating that thermal stress is one of the cleaning mechanisms during the laser cleaning process of the oxide film.
Design method of an ultra-thin two-dimensional geometrical waveguide near-eye display based on forward-ray-tracing and maximum FOV analysis
Authors: Ruan Ningye , Shi Feng , Tian Ye , Xing Peng , Zhang Wanli , Qiao Shuo 
Published: September 2023

A two-dimensional geometrical waveguide enables ultra-thin augmented reality (AR) near-eye display (NED) with wide field of view (FOV) and large exit-pupil diameter (EPD). A conventional design method can efficiently design waveguides that meet the requirements, but is unable to fully utilize the potential display performance of the waveguide. A forward-ray-tracing waveguide design method with maximum FOV analysis is proposed, enabling two-dimensional geometrical waveguides to achieve their maximum FOV while maintaining minimum dimensions. Finally, the designed stray-light-suppressed waveguide NED has a thickness of 1.7 mm, a FOV of 50.00°H × 29.92°V, and an eye-box of 12 mm × 12 mm at an eye-relief of 18 mm.
The clinical impact of comorbidities among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis undergoing anti-fibrotic treatment: A multicenter retrospective observational study
Authors: Aoki Ayako , Hara Yu , Fujii Hiroaki , Murohashi Kota , Nagasawa Ryo , Tagami Yoichi , Enomoto Tatsuji , Matsumoto Yutaka , Masuda Makoto , Watanabe Keisuke , Horita Nobuyuki , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Kudo Makoto , Ogura Takashi , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: September 2023

Background
Among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), few studies have investigated the clinical impact of anti-fibrotic treatment (AFT) with and without comorbidities. The aim of the study was to determine whether Charlson Comorbidity Index score (CCIS) can predict the efficacy of AFT in patients with IPF.

Methods
We retrospectively assessed data extracted from the medical records of IPF patients who received anti-fibrotic agents between 2009 and 2019. The collected data included age, sex, CCIS, pulmonary function test, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pattern, gender/age/physiology (GAP) score, and 3-year IPF-related events defined as the first acute exacerbation or death within 3 years after starting AFT.

Results
We assessed 130 patients (median age, 74 years) who received nintedanib (n = 70) or pirfenidone (n = 60). Median duration of AFT was 425 days. Patients were categorized into high (≥ 3 points) and low (≤ 2 points) CCIS groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, sex, duration of AFT, GAP score, or incidence of usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on HRCT except percentage predicted diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide. Also, significant difference was not seen between the groups for 3-year IPF-related events (P = 0.75). Especially, in the low CCIS group but not the high CCIS group, the longer duration of AFT had better disease outcome.

Conclusion
In the present study, we could not show any relation between CCIS and IPF disease outcomes in patients undergoing AFT, though the longer duration of AFT might be beneficial for IPF outcomes among patients with low CCIS.
Challenges and Barriers to Transformative Climate Change Education
Authors: Oranga Josephine , Gisore Billiah , Areba George 
Published: September 2023

The urgency with which climate change education is required demands massive coordination across all formal education systems (primary, secondary and tertiary institutions), non-formal systems (community-based and non-governmental organisations), and informal systems (museums, over the radio, in libraries, or bus stops). It also demands attention from individuals in both low and high-carbon emitting countries, as well as within and across sectors (education, energy, agriculture, transportation and urban planning). Rather positively though, education has a ripple effect that goes beyond the individual learner and has the potential to build greater environmental enlightenment and concern amongst family members and communities. Accordingly, education (formal, informal and non-formal) would also help individuals and communities build resilience and lessen their vulnerabilities to a rapidly changing climate. Hence this paper explores the barriers that impede enhanced climate change education with a view to helping surmount them and enlightening learners and communities at large, on the dangers of climate change and strategies of minimising human activities that bring about or accelerate climate change, even as communities get sensitised on resilience measures. Accordingly, the barriers to climate change as determined by this analysis are lack of political leadership, low eco-literacy levels, cognitive challenges, scepticism of scientific evidence, misinformation and disinformation of facts about climate change, lack of knowledge and skills to impart climate change education, moral and behavioural challenges and psychological and social issues. It is thus, recommended that salient aspects of climate change be integrated into teacher-training curricula worldwide and policies be enacted aimed at mitigating scepticism and disinformation of facts concerning climate change. Furthermore coordination of efforts between the private sector, government, community members and civil society to promote climate change education is recommended together with adoption of transformative learning that results in perspective and behaviour change.
A critical review of telecollaboration in Chinese as a second language education: a post-COVID-19 outlook
Authors: Lan Xinya , Yu Zhonggen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With the advent of information and communication technology, telecollaboration projects in foreign language education have received growing attention. This study critically reviews telecollaboration practices in the context of Chinese as a second language. Our objective is to identify the inherent problems associated with existing programs and suggest a comprehensive framework for new telecollaborative practices, encompassing aspects such as language partner-matching, research topics, in/pre-service teacher-related issues, and overall benefits, adverse effects, and limitations of such. The study employed VOSviewer and CitNetExplorer to visualize partial results and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) for screening literature. The findings indicate a pressing need to address the rationale behind selecting and matching language partners for Chinese as a second language. The predominant research topics concern student perception and learning gains resulting from telecollaboration projects, with scant attention given to teacher perception and requisite training, specifically among pre-service Chinese teachers. Additionally, the researchers examined the implications for future research, notably the establishment of a shared resource platform designed to enhance writing, reading, interpreting, and translating skills within the scope of informal Chinese language learning contexts, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Anxiety in L2 Chinese from different angles
Authors: Zhou Jing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The current study examines the influence of experience, reading and writing anxieties, and self-assessed proficiency on foreign language anxiety in the context of learning Chinese as a foreign language. Data were collected using questionnaires from 93 learners of Chinese and analyzed using correlational and multiple regression methods. Results indicated that learners at level 200 (i.e., intermediate low/mid) were more anxious compared to those at level 400 (i.e., advanced low/mid). Foreign language anxiety, foreign language reading anxiety, and foreign language writing anxiety were significantly correlated with each other. Foreign language reading anxiety, foreign language writing anxiety, and self-assessed proficiency (listening and reading) were shown to significantly predict foreign language anxiety in the context of L2 Chinese.
Antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of ortho- and para-substituted Schiff bases derived from metformin hydrochloride: Validation by molecular docking and in silico ADME studies
Authors: Al-Qadsy Inas , Saeed Waseem Sharaf , Al-Odayni Abdel-Basit , Alrabie Ali , Al-Faqeeh Lena Ahmed Saleh , Al-Adhreai Arwa , Al-Owais Ahmad Abdulaziz , Semlali Abdelhabib , Farooqui Mazahar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This work evaluates the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of two metformin hydrochloride-based Schiff bases. Moreover, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to examine the in vitro cytotoxic effects of HL1 and HL2 on the A549 lung cancer cell line. The two Schiff bases that have been previously synthesized by using two effective, green techniques, namely stirring and microwave-assisted, are N,N-dimethyl-N′-[(Z)-(2-nitrophenyl) methylidene] imidodicarbonimidic diamide and N,N-dimethyl-N′-[(Z)-(4-nitrophenyl) methylidene] imidodicarbonimidic diamide, indicated by HL1 and HL2, respectively. Studies of antidiabetic efficacy using alpha-amylase revealed that HL2 has a higher inhibition than HL1, but the results on sucrase enzyme showed that HL1 had the highest inhibitory action, whereas the outcome of the antioxidant test with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay demonstrated that HL2 was the most effective antioxidant, followed by ascorbic acid and HL1. In the MTT assay, HL1 had the best result, with an IC50 value of 57.13 µg/mL compared to HL2 with an IC50 value of 76.83 µg/mL. It was observed that HL1 was the most effective against the human lung cancer cell line A459. The findings were supported by computational and pharmacokinetic studies (SwissADME). Based on empirical and computational studies, we suggest that HL1 and HL2 are promising candidates as antioxidants and antidiabetics after being examined in vivo.
A new approach to model the fluid dynamics in sandwich packings
Authors: Franke Patrick , Shabanilemraski Iman , Schubert Markus , Hampel Uwe , Kenig Eugeny Y. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sandwich packings represent new separation column internals, with a potential to intensify mass transfer. They comprise two conventional structured packings with different specific geometrical surface areas. In this work, the complex fluid dynamics in sandwich packings is modeled using a novel approach based on a one-dimensional, steady momentum balance of the liquid and gas phases. The interactions between the three present phases (gas, liquid, and solid) are considered by closures incorporated into the momentum balance. The formulation of these closures is derived from two fluid-dynamic analogies for the film and froth flow patterns. The adjustable parameters in the closures are regressed for the film flow using dry pressure drop measurements and liquid hold-up data in trickle flow conditions. For the froth flow, the tuning parameters are fitted to overall pressure drop measurements and local liquid hold-up data acquired from ultra-fast X-ray tomography (UFXCT). The model predicts liquid hold-up and pressure drop data with an average relative deviation of 16.4 % and 19 %, respectively. Compared to previous fluid dynamic models for sandwich packings, the number of adjustable parameters could be reduced while maintaining comparable accuracy.
Depression, anxiety, eating problems, and diabulimia risk in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a case–control study
Authors: Kara Aziz , Gerçek Hacer Gizem , Özkan Yekta , Çelikkol Sadıç Çağla , Koca Serkan Bilge 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) causes psychological distress, negatively impacting normal childhood activities. Depression, anxiety disorders, and eating problems are commonly observed in this population.

Methods
The study population consisted of 40 adolescents (22 females and 18 males) who had been diagnosed with T1D and 41 healthy adolescents (21 females and 20 males). The aim of this study was to compare adolescents with T1D to healthy controls in terms of depression, anxiety, and eating problems and subsequently examine the T1D group in relation to the risk of diabetes-specific eating disorders. Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), and Diabetes Eating Problem Survey – Revised (DEPS-R) scales were used to compare the case and control groups.

Results
The case group exhibited significantly higher scores in EAT-40 total score, RCADS parent form major depressive disorder (MDD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), total anxiety score, total scale scores, RCADS child form MDD, PD, and total scale scores compared to the control group. Individuals at high risk of diabetes-specific eating disorder within the case group demonstrated significantly higher RCADS (child and parent form) MDD scores and RCADS parent form separation anxiety (SA) and total scale scores. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the RCADS parent form total scale score could predict DEPS-R.

Conclusions
Routine screening of children and adolescents diagnosed with T1D for depression, anxiety, and eating disorder risk may facilitate early detection of possible psychopathologies, allowing for early intervention to address factors that may disrupt treatment adherence. Further longitudinal studies with larger samples are needed to investigate psychopathologies, particularly eating disorders, in children and adolescents with T1D.