bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment Relations Past, Present and Future: Demise or Resurrection in India?
Authors: Venkataraman A. 
Published: January 2023

This critical reflective paper draws upon my reading, studying and teaching employment relations (ER) and human resource management (HRM) over the years, from a sociological perspective. I make a compelling case for ER as a research activity, an organisational habit and a way of reflexive thinking. There is a false perception that ER is outdated. Indifferent to fads, ER endeavours to see clearly and speak the truth fearlessly and excavate the challenges and possibilities of the socio-economic exchange within any employment relationship. ER’s real strength is its granular holistic, multi-layered understanding of the totality of the wage-effort bargain. It has always been interdisciplinary because it draws from a vast canvas of sociology, economics, political economy and even psychology. Tracing its trajectory, I map the context in which ER evolved from Fordism to Post-Fordism, how HRM tried to take its place, and why it cannot do what ER does. It is only with this critical sceptical inquisitive spirit of ER that an effective emotionally intelligent transparent HR-lifecycle with a well-thought-out employee voice mechanism can craft better workplaces. ER in India speak for gig workers and other casualised employment and intervenes urgently on their behalf by bringing their concerns to academic discussion and advocating change. In conjunction with critical management studies, the sociology of work and ER in India must go to the nub of inequality. It must reach out to broader constituencies to mitigate workplace inequalities in different situational and longitudinal work contexts.
Convergence of four measures of multi-morbidity
Authors: Grossardt Brandon R. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Boyd Cynthia M. , Bobo William V. , St Sauver Jennifer L. , Rocca Walter A. 
Published: January 2023

Objectives To compare the agreement between percentile ranks from 4 multi-morbidity scores. Design Population-based descriptive study. Setting Olmsted County, Minnesota (USA). Participants We used the medical records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP; http://www.rochesterproject.org ) to identify all residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota who reached one or more birthdays between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2014 (10 years). Methods For each person, we calculated 4 multi-morbidity scores using readily available diagnostic code lists from the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Clinical Classifications Software, and the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index. We calculated scores using diagnostic codes received in the 5 years before the index birthday and fit quantile regression models across age and separately by sex to transform unweighted, simple counts of conditions into percentile ranks as compared to peers of same age and of same sex. We compared the percentile ranks of the 4 multi-morbidity scores using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results We assessed agreement in 181,553 persons who reached a total of 1,075,433 birthdays at ages 18 years through 85 years during the study period. In general, the percentile ranks of the 4 multi-morbidity scores exhibited high levels of agreement in 6 score-to-score pairwise comparisons. The agreement increased with older age for all pairwise comparisons, and ICCs were consistently greater than 0.65 at ages 50 years and older. Conclusions The assignment of percentile ranks may be a simple and intuitive way to assess the underlying trait of multi-morbidity across studies that use different measures.
Lymphovascular invasion represents a superior prognostic and predictive pathological factor of the duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Linjie , Deng Yuxiang , Liu Songran , Zhang Weili , Hong Zhigang , Lu Zhenhai , Pan Zhizhong , Wu Xiaojun , Peng Jianhong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) can indicate poor survival outcomes in colorectal cancer, but few studies have focused on stage III colon cancer. The current study aimed to confirm the prognostic value of LVI and PNI and identify patients who could benefit from a complete duration of adjuvant chemotherapy based on the two pathological factors.

Methods
We enrolled 402 consecutive patients with stage III colon cancer who received colon tumor resection from November 2007 to June 2016 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Survival analyses were performed by using Kaplan–Meier method with log-rank tests. Risk factors related to disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified through Cox proportional hazards analysis.

Results
141 (35.1%) patients presented with LVI, and 108 (26.9%) patients with PNI. The LVI-positive group was associated with poorer 3-year DFS (86.5% vs. 76.3%, P = 0.001) and OS (96.0% vs. 89.1%, P = 0.003) rates compared with the LVI-negative group. The PNI-positive group showed a worse outcome compared with the PNI-negative group in 3-year DFS rate (72.5% vs. 86.7%, P < 0.001). Moreover, LVI-positive group present better 3-year DFS and OS rate in patients completing 6–8 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy than those less than 6 cycles (3-year DFS: 80.0% vs. 64.9%, P = 0.019; 3-year OS: 93.2% vs. 76.3%, P = 0.002).

Conclusions
LVI is a superior prognostic factor to PNI in stage III colon cancer patients undergoing curative treatment. PNI status can noly predict the 3-year DFS wihout affecting the 3-year OS. Furthermore, LVI also represents an effective indicator for adjuvant chemotherapy duration.
Afatinib plus osimertinib in the treatment of osimertinib-resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma: a phase I clinical trial
Authors: Miura Satoru , Koh Yasuhiro , Azuma Koichi , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Koyama Kenichi , Teraoka Shunsuke , Ishii Hidenobu , Kibata Kayoko , Ozawa Yuichi , Tokito Takaaki , Oyanagi Jun , Shimokawa Toshio , Kurata Takayasu , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Conquering acquired resistance to osimertinib remains a major challenge in treating patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, we aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of combination treatment with osimertinib and afatinib for patients with acquired resistance to osimertinib.

Methods
This open-label phase I study was a feasibility study of the combination of afatinib and osimertinib for patients with advanced EGFR-positive NSCLC who had progressive disease after receiving osimertinib. The primary endpoint was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). We enrolled patients who received afatinib at three different dose levels (level 1, 20 mg; level 2, 30 mg; level 3, 40 mg) combined with osimertinib at a standard dose of 80 mg once per day.

Results
Thirteen patients were enrolled in this study. The MTD was defined as 30 mg afatinib when combined with daily oral administration of osimertinib (80 mg). The most frequent adverse events were diarrhea (76.9%), anemia (76.9%), and rash (69.2%). Considering the toxicity profiles during all treatment periods, the recommended oral dose of afatinib was determined as 20 mg daily, with an osimertinib dose of 80 mg. For all evaluable patients (n = 12), the response rate was 7.7% and the disease-control rate was 46.2%.

Conclusion
Combination therapy with osimertinib and afatinib was tolerable; however, the synergistic effect of afatinib with osimertinib may be limited in osimertinib-resistant patients.

Trial registration
Japan Registry of Clinical Trials ID: jRCTs051180008, registered date: 08/11/2018.
A comparative analysis of solitary suicides, suicides following homicide, and suicide pacts using the National Violent Death Reporting System
Authors: Ashley Jenna , Kim Kawon Victoria , Russell Cayley , Lange Shannon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Incidents of suicide can be categorized into three main types: solitary suicides, suicides following homicide, and suicide pacts. Although these three suicide incidents vary by definition, no studies to-date have simultaneously examined and compared them for potential differences. The objective of the current study was to empirically and descriptively compare solitary suicides, suicides following homicide, and suicide pacts in the United States.

Methods
Restricted-access data from the National Violent Death Report System for 2003–2019 for 262,679 solitary suicides, 4,352 suicides following homicide, and 450 suicide pacts were used. Pairwise comparisons of the three suicide incident types were made for demographic factors, method of suicide, preceding circumstances, mental health status, and toxicology findings.

Results
Solitary suicides, suicides following homicide, and suicide pacts have distinct profiles, with statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences across all pairwise comparisons of sex, race, ethnicity, marital status, education, method of suicide, financial problems, interpersonal relationship problems, physical health problems, mental health problems, mood disorders, suicide attempt history, and opiate use at the time of death.

Conclusion
Despite sharing a few commonalities, solitary suicides, suicides following homicide, and suicide pacts represent distinct phenomena. Each of these suicide incident types likely have their own unique prevention pathways.
Features and effects of computer-based games on cognitive impairments in children with autism spectrum disorder: an evidence-based systematic literature review
Authors: Rezayi Sorayya , Tehrani-Doost Mehdi , Shahmoradi Leila 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have different cognitive and intelligence profiles than typical developing individuals. Some of these children need cognitive rehabilitation. This study's main purpose is to provide a systematic review about applying computerized cognitive games for autistic children and to determine the effectiveness of such interventions.

Material and methods
A thorough search of the ISI Web of Science, Medline (through PubMed), Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and APA PsycInfo databases was performed for articles published from inception to May 17, 2022.

Results
Of 1746 papers, 28 studies were found to be eligible in this systematic review. Fifteen studies (53.57%) compared a Control Group (CG) with Experimental Groups (EGs), while 13 papers (46.42%) evaluated only the impact of the applied intervention in an experimental group. Major domains of cognitive functions are divided into five main categories: 1. Executive functions, 2. Social cognition/emotions, 3. Attention/concentration, 4. Learning and memory, and 5. Language. In 42.85% (12 studies) of the screened papers, social cognition and emotions were assessed after cognitive rehabilitation. The highest rate of effects reported by studies were related to social cognition enhancement. Of the total number of included studies, 17 studies reported a positive effect at all scales, of which nine were quasi-experimental, and seven were fully experimental.

Conclusion
Using suitable computerized game-based solutions could enhance cognition indexes in autistic children. Hence, further investigation is needed to determine the real effectiveness of these novel technologies.
Efficiency of the new reciprocating and rotary systems with or without ultrasonics in removing root-canals filling with calcium silicate-based sealer (MTA)
Authors: Madarati Ahmad A. , Sammani Aya M. N. , Alnazzawi Ahmad A. , Alrahlah Ali 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
To compare the efficiency of endodontic rotary and reciprocating systems in removing calcium silicate-sealer based fillings and to investigate the impact of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on their efficiency.

Materials and methods
160 root-canals were instrumented, filled with gutta-percha and calcium silicate based-sealer and divided into 10 equal groups. Five groups in which the reciprocating systems (WaveOne-Gold, Reciproc-Blue and R-Motion) and rotary systems (Fanta-AF-One and Tango-Endo) were used to remove root-canals’ fillings. In the other five groups the fillings were removed by the same systems then additionally with PUI. The times to complete retreatments procedures were recorded. Micro-computed tomography’s analysis of the root-canals fillings’ volume before and after retreatments was used to determine the remaining filling materials (RFMs) volumes.

Results
The RFMs after using rotary systems (10.1%) was greater than after using reciprocating systems (3.8%) (P < 0.001). The RFMs after using WOG (2%) and RB systems (2.6%) were less than those in the RM (6.8%), TE (9.5%) and FAFO (10.7%) systems [P < 0.05]. The times required to remove the filling materials using the TE (3.7 min), FAFO (4.1 min) and RM (4.1 min) systems were shorter than those required by the RB (5.4 min) and WOG (4.9 min) systems [P < 0.05]. Using PUI resulted in less RFMs (1.44%) when compared to using only rotary or reciprocating systems (6.27%) [P < 0.001].

Conclusions
Endodontic reciprocation systems were more effective, but needed longer times than rotary systems in removing calcium silicate based- sealers fillings. The PUI significantly improved removal of the root-canals’ filling materials.
Clinical relevance: Reciprocating systems and PUI are recommended whenever root-canals retreatment is considered regardless of using calcium silicate-based sealers.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of early-onset breast cancer: a comparative analysis of cases from across Ghana
Authors: Akakpo Patrick Kafui , Imbeah Emmanuel Gustav , Edusei Lawrence , Naporo Simon , Ulzen-Appiah Kofi , Clegg-Lamptey Joe Nat , Dedey Florence , Nsaful Josephine , Affram Nelson , Wiafe Beatrice , Mensah Samuel , Nortey Michael , Sheriff Mohammed , Amponsah-Manu Forster , Agbedinu Kwabena , Jiagge Evelyn Mawunyo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the commonest cancer diagnosed globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women younger than 40 years. This study comparatively reviewed the demographic, pathologic and molecular features of Early-Onset Breast Cancer (EOBC) reported in Ghana in relation to Late Onset Breast Cancer (LOBC).

Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used, with purposive sampling of retrospective histopathology data from 2019 to 2021. Reports of core or incision biopsy, Wide Local Excision or Mastectomy with or without axillary lymph node dissection specimen and matched immunohistochemistry reports were merged into a single file and analysed with SPSS v. 20.0. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages were used to describe categorical variables. Cross-tabulation and chi-square test was done at a 95% confidence interval with significance established at p < 0.05.

Results
A total of 2418 cases were included in the study with 20.2% (488 cases) being EOBCs and 79.8% (1930 cases) being LOBCs. The median age at diagnosis was 34.66 (IQR: 5.55) in the EOBC group (< 40 years) and 54.29 (IQR: 16.86) in the LOBC group (≥ 40 years). Invasive carcinoma—No Special Type was the commonest tumour type with grade III tumours being the commonest in both categories of patients. Perineural invasion was the only statistically significant pathologic parameter with age. EOBC was associated with higher DCIS component (24.8% vs 21.6%), lower hormone-receptor-positive status (52.30% vs 55.70%), higher proliferation index (Ki-67 > 20: 82.40% vs 80.30%) and a higher number of involved lymph nodes (13.80% vs 9.00%). Triple-Negative Breast cancer (26.40% vs 24.30%) was the most predominant molecular subtype of EOBC.

Conclusion
EOBCs in our setting are generally more aggressive with poorer prognostic histopathological and molecular features when compared with LOBCs. A larger study is recommended to identify the association between relevant pathological features and early onset breast cancer in Ghana. Again, further molecular and genetic studies to understand the molecular genetic drivers of the general poorer pathological features of EOBCs and its relation to patient outcome in our setting is needed.
Revealing the significant shortcomings in the learning environment at the three largest medical schools in Syria: what’s next?
Authors: Alfakhry Ghaith , Naeem Ahmad , AboHajar M. Bader , Alfakhry Aisha , Mohandes Abdul Fattah , Ali Iyad , Makhoul Ebrahim , Ahmed Nadeem , Abla M. Mhdy , Alhomsi Khaled , Jamous Issam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedical education in Syria still adopts a traditional, teacher-centered curriculum to this day. These elements imply the existence of issues in the learning environment (LE). This study aims to provide the first evaluation of the LE at the largest medical schools in Syria using the DREEM inventory.MethodsThe three largest medical schools in Syria are the ones at Damascus University (DU), University of Aleppo (AU), Tishreen University (TU). The Arabic version of the DREEM questionnaire was used. Students across all years of study except year 1 were approached. Both paper-based and electronic surveys were conducted.ResultsA total of 1774 questionnaire forms were completed (DU:941, AU:533, TU: 300). The overall DREEM score at DU, AU, and TU were 100.8 ± 28.7, 101.3 ± 31.7, and 97.8 ± 35.7 respectively with no significant difference (P = 0.254) between the three universities. DREEM subscales concerningLearning, Atmosphere, Academic Self-perception and Social Self-perceptionhad a low score across all universities. Clinical-stage students reported significantly lower perception (P ≤ 0.001) of the LE in comparison to their pre-clinical counterparts across all subscales.ConclusionsThe findings of this study highlight the significant shortcomings of the medical LE in Syria. If not addressed properly, the academic, clinical, and professional competence of the healthcare workforce will continue to deteriorate. Moreover, the negative LE might be a predisposing factor for medical students’ exodus. The Syrian medical education system requires leaders who are willing to defy the status quo to achieve a true educational transformation.
Researching the application of virtual reality in medical education: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial
Authors: Gan Wenyi , Mok Tsz-Ngai , Chen Junyuan , She Guorong , Zha Zhengang , Wang Huajun , Li Hua , Li Jieruo , Zheng Xiaofei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCompared with traditional tendon repair teaching methods, using a virtual reality (VR) simulator to teach tendon suturing can significantly improve medical students’ exercise time, operation flow and operation knowledge. At present, the purpose of this study is to explore the long-term influence of VR simulator teaching on the practice performance of medical students.MethodThis is a one-year long-term follow-up study of a randomized controlled study. A total of 117 participants who completed the initial study were invited to participate in the follow-up study. Participants in the VR group and the control group were required to complete a questionnaire developed by the authors and the teachers in the teaching and research department and to provide their surgical internship scores and Objective Structure Clinical Examination(OSCE) graduation scores.ResultsOf the 117 invitees, 108 completed the follow-up. The answers to the questions about career choice and study habits were more positive in the VR group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The total score for clinical practice in the VR group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the OSCE examination, the scores for physical examination, suturing and knotting and image reading were higher in the VR group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of the one-year long-term follow-up indicated that compared with medical students experiencing the traditional teaching mode, those experiencing the VR teaching mode had more determined career pursuit and active willingness to learn, better evaluations from teachers in the process of surgical clinical practice, and better scores in physical examination, suturing and knotting and image reading in the OSCE examination. In the study of nonlinear dynamics to cultivate a good learning model for medical students, the VR teaching model is expected to become an effective and stable initial sensitive element.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry(25/05/2021, ChiCTR2100046648);http://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=90180.
Trends in carbapenem resistance in Pre-COVID and COVID times in a tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Chatterjee Nirupama , Nirwan Pushpa K. , Srivastava Shruti , Rati Ruchi , Sharma Lalit , Sharma Priyanka , Dwivedi Priyambada , Jaggi Namita 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Carbapenem resistance is endemic in the Indian sub-continent. In this study, carbapenem resistance rates and the prevalence of different carbapenemases were determined in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa during two periods; Pre-COVID (August to October 2019) and COVID (January to February 2021) in a north-Indian tertiary care hospital.

Methods
Details of patient demographics and clinical condition was collated from the Hospital Information System and detection of carbapenemases NDM, OXA-48, VIM, IMP and KPC was done by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 152 and 138 non-consecutive carbapenem resistant isolates during the two study periods respectively. Conjugation assay and sequencing of NDM and OXA-48 gene was done on a few selected isolates.

Results
As compared to Pre-COVID period, co-morbidities and the mortality rates were higher in patients harbouring carbapenem resistant organisms during the COVID period. The overall carbapenem resistance rate for all the four organisms increased from 23 to 41% between the two periods of study; with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae showing significant increase (p < 0.05). OXA-48, NDM and co-expression of NDM and OXA-48 were the most common genotypes detected. NDM-5 and OXA-232 were most common variants of NDM and OXA-48 family respectively during both the study periods.

Conclusion
Higher rate of carbapenem resistance in COVID times could be attributed to increase in number of patients with co-morbidities. However, genetic elements of carbapenem resistance largely remained the same in the two time periods.