bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bestatin as a treatment modality in experimental periodontitis
Authors: Kaminska Marta , Benedyk‐Machaczka Malgorzata , Adamowicz Karina , Aliko Ardita , Drzazga Kamila , Słysz Klaudia , Bielecka Ewa , Potempa Jan , Mydel Piotr 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic periodontitis (CP), the most prevalent dysbiotic bacteria‐driven chronic inflammatory disease, is an underestimated global health problem in itself, and due to a causative relationship with other disorders such as cardiovascular diseases or Alzheimer disease. The CP pathogenesis is primarily driven by Porphyromonas gingivalis in humans, and Porphyromonas gulae in dogs. These microorganisms initiate a pathogenic shift in the composition of the tooth‐surface microflora. Our objective was to evaluate antimicrobial effects of bestatin, a potential CP drug candidate.MethodsWe evaluated bestatin bacteriostatic efficiency against periodontopathogens in planktonic cultures via microplate assay, and mono‐ and multispecies oral biofilm models. Neutrophil bactericidal activities, such as phagocytosis, were investigated in vitro using granulocytes isolated from the peripheral blood. The therapeutic efficacy and the immunomodulatory function of bestatin was assessed in a murine model of CP.ResultsBestatin exhibited bacteriostatic activity against both P. gingivalis and P. gulae, and controlled the formation and species composition of the biofilm. We demonstrated that bestatin promotes the phagocytosis of periodontopathogens by neutrophils. Finally, we found that providing bestatin in the animal feed prevented alveolar bone resorption.ConclusionsWe show that in a murine model of CP bestatin not only shifted the biofilm species composition from pathogenic to a commensal one, but also promoted bacteria clearance by immune cells and alleviated inflammation. Taken together, these results suggest that bestatin is a promising drug choice for the treatment and/or prevention of periodontitis and clinical trials are required to fully evaluate its potency.
Synaptic Loss in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Revealed by SV2A Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Chen Zhao , Liao Guang , Wan Na , He Zhiyou , Chen Daji , Tang Zhichao , Long Zhe , Zou Guangdong , Peng Linliu , Wan Linlin , Wang Chunrong , Peng Huirong , Shi Yuting , Tang Yongxiang , Li Jian , Li Yulai , Long Tingting , Hou Xuan , He Lang , Qiu Rong , Chen Dengming , Wang Junling , Guo Jifeng , Shen Lu , Huang Yiyun , Ashizawa Tetsuo , Klockgether Thomas , Tang Beisha , Zhou Ming , Hu Shuo , Jiang Hong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSevere reduced synaptic density was observed in spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) in postmortem neuropathology, but in vivo assessment of synaptic loss remains challenging.Objective Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3The objective of this study was to assess in vivo synaptic loss and its clinical correlates in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) patients by synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A)‐positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.MethodsWe recruited 74 SCA3 individuals including preataxic and ataxic stages and divided into two cohorts. All participants received SV2A‐PET imaging using 18F‐SynVesT‐1 for synaptic density assessment. Specifically, cohort 1 received standard PET procedure and quantified neurofilament light chain (NfL), and cohort 2 received simplified PET procedure for exploratory purpose. Bivariate correlation was performed between synaptic loss and clinical as well as genetic assessments.ResultsIn cohort 1, significant reductions of synaptic density were observed in cerebellum and brainstem in SCA3 ataxia stage compared to preataxic stage and controls. Vermis was found significantly involved in preataxic stage compared to controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves highlighted SV2A of vermis, pons, and medulla differentiating preataxic stage from ataxic stage, and SV2A combined with NfL improved the performance. Synaptic density was significantly negatively correlated with disease severity in cerebellum and brainstem (International Co‐operative Ataxia Rating Scale: ρ ranging from −0.467 to −0.667, P ≤ 0.002; Scale of Assessment and Rating of Ataxia: ρ ranging from −0.465 to −0.586, P ≤ 0.002). SV2A reduction tendency of cerebellum and brainstem identified in cohort 1 was observed in cohort 2 with simplified PET procedure.ConclusionsWe first identified in vivo synaptic loss was related to disease severity of SCA3, suggesting SV2A PET could be a promising clinical biomarker for disease progression of SCA3. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Pedicled double‐paddle conjoined medial sural artery perforator flap for popliteal defect coverage after skin tumor excision: A case report
Authors: Fritz Caroline , Meroni Matteo , Scaglioni Mario F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDefect coverage in the popliteal region represents a challenging task because of its peculiar features. The tissue here has to be thin and pliable, to enable proper function, but also resistant to the high stress forces typical of this region. In addition, the adjacent skin is limited in availability and mobility. Therefore, complex reconstruction procedures are usually required to cover defects in the popliteal region. The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap is a thin and pliable flap, with a long arc of rotation provided by its pedicle length, which makes it a suitable procedure for local and regional defects reconstruction. In the present work, we report the use of a pedicled double‐paddle conjoined MSAP flap to reconstruct a 7 cm × 7 cm soft tissue defect after resection of a basal cell carcinoma in the popliteal fossa. The MSAP flap was based on two perforators of the medial sural artery. Therefore, the cutaneous island could be split into two islands, which were rearranged to cover the defect side by side in a so‐called “kissing flap” technique. The further postoperative course was uneventful. Despite the complex perforator dissection, which can be challenging because of its intramuscular dissection, we believe that the MSAP flap represents a valid solution for local defect coverage in the popliteal region, providing a sufficient amount of tissue and meeting the “like‐with‐like” criteria.
Systematic approach in enhancing the selectivity of titanium tetrabutoxide towards high molecular weight poly(butylene succinate) synthesis
Authors: Savitha K. S. , Senthil Kumar M. , Jagadish R. L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChemo‐selectivity of titanium tetrabutoxide towards trans‐esterification reaction during polycondensation step in poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) synthesis has been improved by activating the free terminal carboxylic acids in PBS oligomer using trialkyl borates. It is anticipated that the addition of trialkyl borates converts the free terminal carboxylic acid groups in PBS oligoner into a highly reactive acyloxy boron intermediate, which in turn enhances the selectivity of titanium tetrabutoxide towards trans‐esterification reaction to give the corresponding relatively high molecular weight PBS.
Patient selection for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Vardeny Orly , Houle Hailee 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe mineralocorticoid receptor is a steroid hormone receptor that contributes to cardiac tissue inflammation, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction and plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) are an important component of guideline‐directed medical therapy for heart failure to improve clinical outcomes. Clinical trial evidence in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) informed a strong guideline recommendation for use of MRA in symptomatic patients, barring contraindications. In heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), data are less robust, and this drug class received a weaker recommendation in the heart failure treatment guidelines. Thus, careful selection of patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF who are most likely to benefit from MRA is paramount to better optimize use of these medications. The purpose of this narrative review is to outline the rationale for the use of MRA in heart failure, summarize the clinical trial evidence for MRA in HFmrEF/HFpEF, discuss clinical considerations for their use, and describe investigations of nonsteroidal MRA in HFmrEF/HFpEF.
Highly efficient silicon heterojunction solar cells with ZnO:Al transparent electrode and transition metal doped indium oxide interfacial layer
Authors: Dong Gangqiang , Li Jia , Zhao Yu , Ran Xiaochao , Peng Chen‐Wei , He Daliang , Jin Chuanhong , Wang Qi , Jiang Hao , Zhang Yongsheng , Cao Xinmin , Yu Cao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIndium consumption is the roadblock for terawatt‐scale silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. Here, we report that M6 wafer scale SHJ cells reached an efficiency of 24.94% using room temperature DC sputtering deposited ZnO:Al (AZO) transparent electrode. Compared with indium tin oxide (ITO) standard cells, interfacial contact and smaller bandgap are observed to be the main factors that limit the AZO solar cell performance. By introducing a transition metal doped indium oxide (IMO) interfacial layer, significantly higher SHJ cell performance is achieved owing to better interface and AZO quality. With increasing IMO thickness, the conversion efficiency of SHJ cells surpasses that of the ITO reference cell when only about 50% of indium is consumed. The certified efficiency of the SHJ cells with stacked transparent electrodes reached 25.62%, which is one of the best results for low‐indium SHJ cells. The present work provides a novel and practical solution to overcome the shortage of indium resources for terawatt‐scale SHJ cells.
Do scores ‘define’ us? Adolescents' experiences of wellbeing as ‘welldoing’ at school in England
Authors: Clarke Tania 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResearch exploring the educational relevance of wellbeing only tentatively confronts the ‘tension’ of expecting educators to nurture pupils' wellbeing while school effectiveness is evaluated by metrics of academic performance. Complete wellbeing includes hedonia (feeling) and eudaimonia (doing) well. Accordingly, school ‘happiness agendas’ overlook the latter, despite psychologists suggesting eudaimonia (‘welldoing’) is foundational for wellbeing, particularly in adolescence. Rooted in Aristotlean ideas of ‘living and doing well’, philosophers underline eudaimonia's educational significance. However, high‐stakes testing undermines eudaimonia, with England's performativity culture representing a barrier. Recently scholars have called for ‘stronger evidence’ documenting links between adolescent mental illness and academic pressures. The present study therefore explored 18 adolescents' (14–15 years' old) lived experiences of wellbeing in one English state school. Although existing studies document adolescents' conceptualisations of ‘wellbeing’, adolescents' lived experiences, particularly of eudaimonia and specifically in school, are comparatively absent. Interviews adopting a phenomenological approach therefore investigated (1) how adolescents experience wellbeing, and (2) what ‘doing well’ at school means to adolescents. Adolescents' welldoing experiences did not resemble eudaimonia, which involves individuals connecting with personal purpose through cultivation of their unique abilities. Instead, welldoing at school was instrumentalised as obtaining good grades. Although hedonia was reflected in adolescents' experiences, hedonia was intrinsically connected to welldoing, with mental health attributed to achieving ‘good’ or ‘bad’ grades, respectively. Recommendations include the need for wholescale integration of wellbeing into education in England, which requires (1) overhauling educational aims to focus on supporting individual flourishing as opposed to academic standards, and (2) de‐emphasising harmful performativity culture.
Implications of potential clinically relevant interactions between COVID‐19 vaccines and concomitant medications
Authors: Badary Osama A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCOVID‐19 was announced as a global pandemic in 2020. Several types of COVID‐19 vaccines are available such as mRNA vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, and protein subunit or inactivated virus vaccines. Vaccines are often administered in patients with chronic diseases who are likely to be treated with several drugs. A growing number of clinical observations indicated the possibility of interactions between COVID‐19 vaccines and drugs. A hyperinflammatory state may spark significant imbalances in drug metabolism that may result in the alteration of drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic response. Furthermore, interactions may result in additive or antagonistic or synergistic vaccine immune response. Information about COVID‐19 vaccine–drug interactions is needed by physicians and pharmacists to make rational drug‐use decisions. In this review, several individual and categorical evidence‐based potential COVID‐19 vaccine–drug interactions of clinical importance are described. Vigilance is needed to detect previously unreported COVID‐19 drug interactions and to further assess known interactions. The clinical significance of which is not fully determined. Evidence suggests that adverse events to some drugs are rare after COVID‐19 vaccination and their possibility should not affect vaccination of patients at risk. Clinicians prescribing medications should be aware of the likely risk of interaction with COVID‐19 vaccines and may benefit from taking into account present recommendations of the best measures to avoid consequences of such interactions to preserve vaccine efficacy and patient safety.
Electrochemical Oxidation Encapsulated Ru Clusters Enable Robust Durability for Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Hou Zhiqian , Cui Chenghao , Yang Yanan , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrochemical oxidization and thermodynamic instability agglomeration are a primary challenge in triggering metal‐support interactions (MSIs) by immobilizing metal atoms on a carrier to achieve efficient oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Herein, Ru clusters anchored to the VS2surface and the VS2nanosheets embedded vertically in carbon cloth (Ru‐VS2@CC) are deliberately designed to realize high reactivity and exceptional durability. In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that the Ru clusters are preferentially electro‐oxidized to form RuO2chainmail, both affording sufficient catalytic sites and protecting the internal Ru core with VS2substrates for consistent MSIs. Theoretical calculations elucidate that electrons across the Ru/VS2interface aggregate toward the electro‐oxidized Ru clusters, while the electronic coupling of Ru 3p and O 2p orbitals boosts a positive shift in the Fermi energy level of Ru, optimizing the adsorption capacity of the intermediates and diminishing the migration barriers of the rate‐determining steps. Therefore, the Ru‐VS2@CC catalyst demonstrated ultra‐low overpotentials of 245 mV at 50 mA cm−2, while the zinc–air battery maintained a narrow gap (0.62 V) after 470 h of reversible operation. This work has transformed the corrupt into the miraculous and paved a new way for the development of efficient electrocatalysts.
Point‐and‐shoot Strategy based on Enzyme‐assisted DNA “Paper‐Cutting” to Construct Arbitrary Planar DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Yuan Junjie , Liu Jiajia , Zou Haixia , Yang Lin , Chen Hong , Qu Xiangmeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDNA self‐assembly provides a “bottom‐up” route to fabricating complex shapes on the nanometer scale. However, each structure needs to be designed separately and carried out by professionally trained technicians, which seriously restricts its development and application. Herein, a point‐and‐shoot strategy based on enzyme‐assisted DNA “paper‐cutting” to construct planar DNA nanostructures using the same DNA origami as the template is reported. Precisely modeling the shapes with high precision in the strategy based on each staple strand of the desired shape structure hybridizes with its nearest neighbor fragments from the long scaffold strand. As a result, some planar DNA nanostructures by one‐pot annealing the long scaffold strand and selected staple strands is constructed. The point‐and‐shoot strategy of avoiding DNA origami staple strands’ re‐designing based on different shapes breaks through the shape complexity limitation of the planar DNA nanostructures and enhances the simplicity of design and operation. Overall, the strategy's simple operability and great generality enable it to act as a candidate tool for manufacturing DNA nanostructures.
Rare complex fistulations of frontal sinus, occulo‐nasal and oro‐nasal passages due to nasal form of canine transmissible venereal tumour
Authors: Palanisamy Selvaraj , Devaraju Sumathi , Margandan Venkatesan , Mahalingam Gomatheeswari 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnusual manifestations in commonly occurring diseases often mislead the diagnostic approaches of general veterinary practitioners. A 2.5‐year‐old male Spitz dog was evaluated for frequent episodes of nasal discharges. With no resolution of signs with treatments, the dog was brought to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital. On presentation, the dog had purulent nasal discharge from the right nostrils, right eye and from an opening in the right frontal sinus region along with mild swelling on the right nasal region and stertor. Anterior rhinoscopy confirmed the concurrent presence of frontal sinus, oculo‐nasal and oro‐nasal fistula. Endoscopic aspirations and washing confirmed an extra genital form of canine transmissible venereal tumour. Interestingly no genital lesions were seen. Treatment with vincristine resulted in complete remission with no further relapses over the last 8 years. Chronic nasal signs should be taken as warning signs and nasal washings should be evaluated for possible tumour cells, as observed in this study.
The inapplicability of variational methods in the cohesive crack problem for initially rigid traction‐separation relation and its solution using integral equations
Authors: Singh Gaurav 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA cohesive crack problem with initially rigid traction‐separation relation has been considered here. It has been shown that the total potential energy is not differentiable at the crack‐tip. This makes the application of a variational operator over this total potential energy theoretically incorrect in the general sense. It further implies that variational methods are not applicable in this situation. One way to overcome this problem is to introduce a penalty of initial stiffness in the traction‐separation relationship. However, this means modifying the material property of a solid. To avoid variational operator, an integral equation form of this problem has been numerically solved. The results thus obtained conform to the present understanding of cohesive stresses. This method is theoretically more accurate to solve a cohesive crack problem whenever the total potential energy is non‐differentiable.
Traditional Malay Marriage Ceremonies in Brunei Darussalam: Between Adat and Syariah
Authors: Samad Nur E’zzati Rasyidah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBrunei Darussalam is an Islamic Malay state well known for its local cultural heritage and adat (customs and traditions) that have been steadfastly maintained to this day. Adat is considered to be one of the most significant practices that reflects the unique identity and foundation of Brunei Malay society and culture. It is part of what is referred to as ‘calak Brunei’, the Brunei mould or way, and has been practised and passed down from one generation to another. Adat functions as a social, political and cultural marker of Brunei Malay society. However, with increasing Islamisation, there has been a decline in the performance and practice of adat, especially in traditional Malay marriage customs which are in part regarded as religiously incompatible with adat. This chapter explores the tensions and contestations between adat and Islam in the practices of marriage customs, and documents the various changes and negotiations made to accommodate adat within Islamic practices and values.
Development and first results of a national databank on care and treatment outcome after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Younsi Alexander , Unterberg Andreas , Marzi Ingo , Steudel Wolf-Ingo , Uhl Eberhard , Lemcke Johannes , Berg Florian , Woschek Mathias , Friedrich Michaela , Clusmann Hans , Hamou Hussam Aldin , Mauer Uwe Max , Scheer Magnus , Meixensberger Jürgen , Lindner Dirk , Schmieder Kirsten , Gierthmuehlen Mortimer , Hoefer Christine , Nienaber Ulrike , Maegele Marc ,   for The TBI Databank Expert Group, Wolf Stefan , Behmanesh Bedjan , Watzlawick Ralf , Bender Michael , Howaldt Hans-Peter , Rohde Veit , Tanrikulu Levent , Czorlich Patrick , Emami Pedram , Wild Florian , Esmaeilzadeh Majid , Prajsnar-Borak Anna , Firsching Raimund , Luchtmann Michael , Holling Markus , Strowitzki Martin , Reuter Felix , Yousif Miron , Lefering Rolf , Westermaier Thomas , Stetter Christian , Sommer Björn , Bullinger Yannik 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In absence of comprehensive data collection on traumatic brain injury (TBI), the German Society for Neurosurgery (DGNC) and the German Society for Trauma Surgery (DGU) developed a TBI databank for German-speaking countries.

Methods
From 2016 to 2020, the TBI databank DGNC/DGU was implemented as a module of the TraumaRegister (TR) DGU and tested in a 15-month pilot phase. Since its official launch in 2021, patients from the TR-DGU (intermediate or intensive care unit admission via shock room) with TBI (AIS head ≥ 1) can be enrolled. A data set of > 300 clinical, imaging, and laboratory variables, harmonized with other international TBI data collection structures is documented, and the treatment outcome is evaluated after 6- and 12 months.

Results
For this analysis, 318 patients in the TBI databank could be included (median age 58 years; 71% men). Falls were the most common cause of injury (55%), and antithrombotic medication was frequent (28%). Severe or moderate TBI were only present in 55% of patients, while 45% suffered a mild injury. Nevertheless, intracranial pathologies were present in 95% of brain imaging with traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages (76%) being the most common. Intracranial surgeries were performed in 42% of cases. In-hospital mortality after TBI was 21% and surviving patients could be discharged after a median hospital stay of 11 days. At the 6-and 12 months follow-up, a favorable outcome was achieved by 70% and 90% of the participating TBI patients, respectively. Compared to a European cohort of 2138 TBI patients treated in the ICU between 2014 and 2017, patients in the TBI databank were already older, frailer, fell more commonly at home.

Conclusion
Within five years, the TBI databank DGNC/DGU of the TR-DGU could be established and is since then prospectively enrolling TBI patients in German-speaking countries. With its large and harmonized data set and a 12-month follow-up, the TBI databank is a unique project in Europe, already allowing comparisons to other data collection structures and indicating a demographic change towards older and frailer TBI patients in Germany.