bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of hospital‐associated venous thromboembolism — Insight from the Getting It Right First Time thrombosis survey in England
Authors: Roberts Lara N. , Hunt Beverley J. , Briggs Tim W. , Arya Roopen 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYA national Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prevention Programme was introduced in England in 2010, with limited subsequent study of its impact. Whilst the National Outcomes Framework reports VTE deaths related to hospitalisation annually, there are little data regarding VTE prevention practice or non‐fatal VTE associated with hospitalisation. We report the first national thrombosis survey undertaken in collaboration with Getting It Right First Time. 98 Trusts (103 sites, 67% of 144 invited) participated in at least one survey, contributing data regarding VTE prevention in 9553 patients. Anti‐coagulant thromboprophylaxis was prescribed to 88% (when indicated), with 8.1% of patients missing doses. Written patient information was provided to 31%. Of 4595 episodes of hospital‐associated VTE, 13% were considered potentially preventable. The survey highlights the success of the national programme and areas for improvement in delivery of thromboprophylaxis and patient information.
Effect of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Ryu Hyejo , Wu Hong‐Gyun , Lee Kyu Eun , Chung Eun‐Jae , Ahn Soon‐Hyun , Park Young Joo , Choi Hoon Sung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with high risk features.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 187 patients treated for DTC from 1985 to 2019. DTC referred to nonanaplastic thyroid cancer originating from follicular cells. PORT was defined as the administration of external beam radiation to the thyroid and regional lymph nodes following surgery for initially diagnosed DTC. The patients were included in the analysis if they received PORT or exhibited any of the following features: (a) pT4 or pN1b according to the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer, (b) poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC), or (c) unfavourable variants such as anaplastic foci and etc. After 1:1 propensity matching, a total of 108 patients were analyzed according to PORT receipt. The median follow‐up duration of the matched group was 10.4 years.ResultsAfter matching, most of the variables became balanced, but the PORT group still had more PDTC and DTC with anaplastic foci. Radioactive iodine (RAI) was less frequently administered in the PORT group. PORT yielded a significantly higher 5‐year locoregional recurrence free survival (LRFS) than the No PORT group (5‐year LRFS 86.1% vs. 72.7%, p = 0.022), but the 10‐year cancer specific survival (CSS) was similar between them (97.8% vs. 85.9%, p = 0.122). The multivariable analysis indicated that PORT was a favourable prognostic factor (Hazard ratio 0.3, 95% Confidence interval 0.1–0.8, p = 0.02) for LRFS, but not for CSS. Among 133 patients without PORT for initial disease, 39 of them received salvage surgery followed by salvage PORT. No severe toxicity after PORT was reported.ConclusionPORT reduced locoregional recurrence in DTC patients without severe toxicity. PORT can be an effective and safe treatment to improve locoregional control in DTC with high risk features. However, further study is warranted to identify those who can benefit from PORT.
Evaluation of coronary microvascular dysfunction and risk factors in children and youth with Turner syndrome by magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Bai Wei , Huang Wei , Xu Rong , Fu Hang , Zou Qing , Chen Lin , Xu Huayan , Wen Lingyi , Xie Linjun , Wu Jin , Guo Yingkun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTurner syndrome (TS) has an increased predisposition to ischaemic heart disease and the status of coronary microcirculation in TS is largely unknown. This study aims to evaluate myocardial microvascular function in TS using first‐pass magnetic resonance perfusion imaging and determine significant risk factors contributing to microvascular dysfunction in the early stage.DesignPerspective cohort study.PatientsThe study cohort consisted of 67 children and youth with TS and 32 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Measurements Clinical characteristics, left ventricle (LV) volume and function and cardiovascular magnetic resonance‐derived myocardial perfusion parameters were assessed. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess the potential risk factors for microvascular dysfunction.ResultMicrovascular perfusion decreased in TS in global and segmented myocardium as reflected in the lower upslopecor and maximum signal intensity (MaxSI) of LV myocardium compared to controls. Multivariable linear regression analysis indicated that age (β = −0.107, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.201 to −0.013, p = .026) and being overweight/obese (β = −1.155, CI = −2.134 to −0.176, p = .021) were independent impact factors of microvascular dysfunction. Subgroup analysis showed the upslopecor of older patients with TS decreased more significantly compared with that of normal controls. Upslopecor and MaxSI were lower in overweight/obese patients with TS than in patients with normal body mass index (BMI) and controls.ConclusionMyocardial microvascular dysfunction can occur in children and youth patients with TS. Age and overweight/obesity were the independent risk factors of microvascular dysfunction, which imply the importance of lowering BMI for the prevention of coronary heart disease in young TS population.
Reconsidering the olfactory and brain structures in Kallmann's syndrome: New findings in the analysis of volumetry
Authors: Bortolotto Felippe Trentin Marilia , Borges Daniel Karla , Reis Fabiano , Adolfo Silva Junior Nivaldo , Appenzeller Simone , Rittner Letícia , Benetti Pinto Cristina , Garmes Heraldo M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveKallmann's syndrome (KS) is characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and olfactory disorders. The complementary exams for evaluating of patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism are important for the diagnosis and management of these patients.PatientsWe performed a well‐established olfactory Sniffin' Stick test (SST) on 17 adult patients with KS and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate olfactory structures and further analysis by Freesurfer, a software for segmentation and volumetric evaluation of brain structures. We compared the Freesurfer results with 34 healthy patients matched for age and sex and performed correlations between the data studied.ResultsMore than half of the patients with KS reported preserved smell but had olfactory disorders in the SST. In the MRI, 16 patients showed changes in the olfactory groove, the olfactory bulb‐tract complex was altered in all of them and 52% had symmetrical structural changes. Interestingly, the pituitary gland was normal in only 29%. Regarding correlations, symmetrical changes in the olfactory structures were related to anosmia in 100%, while asymmetric changes induced anosmia in only 50% (p = .0294). In Freesurfer's assessment, patients with KS, compared to controls, had lower brainstem volume. In those with aplastic anterior olfactory sulcus, the brainstem volume was lower than in hypoplasia (p = .0333).ConclusionsOlfactory assessment and MRI proved to be important auxiliary tools for the diagnosis and management of patients with KS. New studies are needed to confirm the decrease in brainstem volume found by the Freesurfer software in patients with KS. Further studies are needed to confirm the decrease in brainstem volume found by the Freesurfer software in patients with KS.
Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire: Scaling severity of quality‐of‐life impact
Authors: Garden Elizabeth Mairenn , Kumaresan Kala , Clark Allan , Philpott Carl Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (ODQ) is widely used for patients suffering from olfactory disorders to depict the impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to scale and produce reference values for patients ODQ score according to Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) severity.MethodsIn this prospective study, a cross‐sectional anonymous survey was created, which combined EQ‐5D‐5L, BDI and ODQ. Correlation was calculated between the three questionnaires. Receiver operator characteristic curves were created to produce cut‐off values for ODQ scores based on three BDI categories (mild, borderline clinical and moderate‐to‐severe depression).ResultsOf the 578 who responded to the survey, 445 completed all sections and were included in the study. Majority were female (n = 327,73.5%), median age group 55–70 years (n = 193,43.4%). There was a strong correlation between BDI score and total ODQ score. There was a clear gradient in total ODQ score for each BDI classification; those with mild depression had the lowest mean ODQ score (101.8, range 39–168), those with moderate‐to‐severe depression had the highest (138.24, range 74–177). Due to overlapping of confidence intervals we were unable to grade the ODQ score.ConclusionThe study was unable to generate reference values for the ODQ due to lower numbers of patients with borderline clinical to extreme depression. However, we were able to appreciate the general trend, that the higher the ODQ score, the higher the risk of depression. These findings should guide clinical practice to ensure appropriate care and support is provided for those with olfactory dysfunction.
Distinct latitudinal community patterns of Arctic marine vertebrates along the East Greenlandic coast detected by environmental DNA
Authors: Jensen Mads Reinholdt , Høgslund Signe , Knudsen Steen Wilhelm , Nielsen Julius , Møller Peter Rask , Rysgaard Søren , Thomsen Philip Francis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimGreenland is one of the places on Earth where the effects of climate change are most evident. The retreat of sea ice has made East Greenland more accessible for longer periods during the year. East Greenland fjords have been notoriously difficult to study due to their remoteness, dense sea ice conditions and lack of infrastructure. As a result, biological monitoring across latitudinal gradients is scarce in East Greenland and relies on sporadic research cruises and trawl data from commercial vessels. We here aim to investigate the transition in fish and marine mammal communities from South to Northeast Greenland using environmental DNA (eDNA).LocationSouth to Northeast Greenland.MethodsWe investigated the transition in fish and marine mammal communities from South to Northeast Greenland using eDNA metabarcoding of seawater samples. We included both surface and mesopelagic samples, collected over approximately 2400 km waterway distance, by sampling from Cape Farewell to Ella Island in August 2021.ResultsWe demonstrate a clear transition in biological communities from south to northeast, with detected fish and mammal species matching known distributions. Samples from the southern areas were dominated by capelin (Mallotus villosus) and redfish (Sebastes), whereas northeastern samples were dominated by polar cod (Boreogadus saida), sculpins (Myoxocephalus) and ringed seal (Pusa hispida). We provide newly generated 12S rRNA barcodes from 87 fish species, bringing the public DNA database closer to full taxonomic coverage for Greenlandic fish species for this locus.Main ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that eDNA sampling can detect latitudinal shifts in marine biological communities of the Arctic region, which can supplement traditional fish surveys in understanding species distributions and community compositions of marine vertebrates. Importantly, sampling of eDNA can be a feasible approach for detecting northward range expansions in remote areas as climate change progresses.
RNA‐binding protein PUM2 promotes T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via competitively binding to RBM5 3′UTR with miR‐28‐5p
Authors: Bai Taomin , Liu Na 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveT‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy, and T‐ALL patients are prone to early disease relapse and suffer from poor outcomes. The crucial function of RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) has been reported in the progression of cancers by regulating the expression of transcripts. This study aimed to reveal the role and molecular regulatory mechanism of RBP Pumilio2 (PUM2) in T‐ALL.MethodsThe expression of genes was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blot analysis. The viability, proliferation, and apoptosis of T‐ALL cells were evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, and flow cytometry analysis. Luciferase reporter, RNA pulldown, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to confirm the binding of PUM2 to RBM5. The combination between RNA‐binding motif protein 5 (RBM5) and microRNA (miR)‐28‐5p was validated using luciferase reporter assay.ResultsOur data revealed that PUM2 was highly expressed in T‐ALL blood samples and cell lines. PUM2 knockdown suppressed the proliferation but accelerated the apoptosis of T‐ALL cells in vitro. Additionally, RBM5 exhibited a low expression level in T‐ALL samples and cells. PUM2 negatively regulated RBM5 via targeting its 3′untranslated region (3′UTR). Moreover, PUM2 competitively bound to RBM5 3′UTR with miR‐28‐5p. Rescue experiments showed that RBM5 knockdown reversed the anti‐tumor effects mediated by PUM2 knockdown in T‐ALL cells.ConclusionPUM2 plays as a novel oncogenic RBP in T‐ALL by competitively binding to RBM5 mRNA with miR‐28‐5p.
Clinical characteristics of Australian treatment‐naïve patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma from the lymphoma and related diseases registry
Authors: Nguyen James , Wellard Cameron , Chung Eliza , Cheah Chan Y. , Dickinson Michael , Doo Nicole Wong , Keane Colm , Talaulikar Dipti , Berkahn Leanne , Morgan Susan , Hamad Nada , Cochrane Tara , Johnston Anna M. , Forsyth Cecily , Opat Stephen , Barraclough Allison , Mutsando Howard , Ratnasingam Sumita , Giri Pratyush , Wood Erica M. , McQuilten Zoe K. , Hawkes Eliza A. ,   the Lymphoma and Related Diseases Registry investigators
Published: December 2022

AbstractComprehensive clinical characteristics of Australian patients with classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) have not previously been systematically collected and described. We report real‐world data of 498 eligible patients from the first 5 years of the Lymphoma and Related Diseases Registry (LaRDR), including baseline characteristics, histologic subtype, and treatment patterns in first‐line therapy. Patient demographics and distribution of histopathological subtypes of cHL are similar to reported international cohorts. Doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) was the most common therapy for both early and advanced‐stage disease, and 48% of patients with the early‐stage disease received radiotherapy. Treatment patterns are consistent with international guidelines. In comorbid patients ≥60 years of age with advanced‐stage disease, there is greater variation in treatment. In patients with a recorded response, the objective response rate (ORR) was 96% in early‐stage disease, and 88% in advanced‐stage disease. Early progression‐free survival data suggest Australian patients with cHL have good outcomes, similar to other international studies.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of cannabidiol in patients with treatment‐resistant epilepsies: Four‐year results from the expanded access program
Authors: Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Devinsky Orrin , Lopez Merrick , Park Yong D. , Zentil Pilar Pichon , Patel Anup D. , Thiele Elizabeth A. , Wechsler Robert T. , Checketts Daniel , Sahebkar Farhad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveCannabidiol (CBD) expanded access program, initiated in 2014, provided add‐on CBD to patients with treatment‐resistant epilepsies (TREs) at 35 US epilepsy centers. Prior publications reported results through December 2016; herein, we present efficacy and safety results through January 2019.MethodsPatients received plant‐derived highly purified CBD (Epidiolex®; 100 mg/ml oral solution), increasing from 2 to 10 mg/kg/day to tolerance or maximum 25–50 mg/kg/day dose, depending on the study site. Efficacy endpoints included percentage change from baseline in median monthly convulsive and total seizure frequency and ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% responder rates across 12‐week visit windows for up to 192 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were documented at each visit.ResultsOf 892 patients in the safety analysis set, 322 (36%) withdrew; lack of efficacy (19%) and AEs (7%) were the most commonly reported primary reasons for withdrawal. Median (range) age was 11.8 years (range = 0–74.5), and patients were taking a median of three (range = 0–10) antiseizure medications (ASMs) at baseline; the most common ASMs were clobazam (47%), levetiracetam (34%), and valproate (28%). Median top CBD dose was 25 mg/kg/day; median exposure duration was 694 days. Median percentage reduction from baseline ranged 50%–67% for convulsive seizures and 46%–66% for total seizures. Convulsive seizure responder rates (≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% reduction) ranged 51%–59%, 33%–42%, and 11%–17% of patients across visit windows, respectively. AEs were reported in 88% of patients and serious AEs in 41%; 8% withdrew because of an AE. There were 20 deaths during the study deemed unrelated to treatment by the investigator. The most common AEs (≥20% of patients) were diarrhea (33%), seizure (24%), and somnolence (23%).SignificanceAdd‐on CBD was associated with sustained seizure reduction up to 192 weeks with an acceptable safety profile and can be used for long‐term treatment of TREs.
Divergent selection predating the Last Glacial Maximum mainly acted on macro‐phenotypes in Norway spruce
Authors: Tiret Mathieu , Olsson Lars , Grahn Thomas , Karlsson Bo , Milesi Pascal , Lascoux Martin , Lundqvist Sven‐Olof , García‐Gil Maria Rosario 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe current distribution and population structure of many species were, to a large extent, shaped by cycles of isolation in glacial refugia and subsequent population expansions. Isolation in and postglacial expansion through heterogeneous environments led to either neutral or adaptive divergence. Norway spruce is no exception, and its current distribution is the consequence of a constant interplay between evolutionary and demographic processes. We investigated population differentiation and adaptation of Norway spruce for juvenile growth, diameter of the stem, wood density, and tracheid traits at breast height. Data from 4461 phenotyped and genotyped Norway spruce from 396 half‐sib families in two progeny tests were used to test for divergent selection in the framework of QST vs. FST. We show that the macroscopic resultant trait (stem diameter), unlike its microscopic components (tracheid dimensions) and juvenile growth, was under divergent selection that predated the Last Glacial Maximum. Altogether, the current variation in these phenotypic traits in Norway spruce is better explained by local adaptation to ancestral environments than to current ones, where populations were partly preadapted, mainly through growth‐related traits.
Identifying possible thresholds for nonstructural carbohydrates in the insulin dysregulated horse
Authors: Macon Erica Lyn , Harris Patricia , Bailey Simon , Caldwell Barker Ashley , Adams Amanda 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying intake levels of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) that limit the postprandial insulinaemic response in the insulin dysregulated (ID) horse may help reduce hyperinsulinaemia‐associated laminitis (HAL) risk.ObjectiveTo determine if ID horses have thresholds for pure sources of starch and sugar, above which there is an augmented insulin response.Study designRandomised crossover experiment.MethodsFourteen adult horses (6 ID and 8 noninsulin dysregulated, NID; matched for bodyweight) were randomly fed eight dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were formulated using a base of low‐nonstructural carbohydrate pellet (LNSC; 0.04 g of water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSCs)/kg bwt and 0.01 g of starch/kg bwt), to which pure sugar (dextrose) or starch (50:50 mix of waxy‐maize and oat starch powder) sources were titrated to create diets with increasing amounts of either WSC (0.06–0.17 g WSC/kg bwt), or starch (0.03–0.1 g starch/kg bwt). Horses were fed each dietary treatment at a rate of 1 g/kg bwt once over 12 weeks. Serial blood samples were collected pre‐ and up to 240 min postprandially. Insulin was determined via RIA and diet analytes were determined via wet chemistry. Statistical analysis was performed with a mixed effect model. Positive incremental area under the curve for insulin (IAUCi) was calculated for all horses and dietary treatments.ResultsThere was no significant effect of diet in NID horses but diets with NSC >0.1 g/kg bwt produced an augmented response in ID horses compared with the LNSC (p < 0.05). ID horses IAUCi were also significantly different to all NID IAUCi for diets with NSC >0.1 g/kg (p < 0.04). Apparent thresholds for sugar and starch addition varied.ConclusionsBased on this study, using supplemental pure starch and sugar sources, ID horses seem to have an apparent threshold for NSC of around 0.1 g/kg bwt/meal, above which significantly increased insulin responses are seen compared with NID horses.
People‐watching and urban life: Toward a research agenda
Authors: Jayne Mark 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTaking inspiration from studies of ‘seeing‐and‐being‐seen’ at the vanguard of intellectual debates regarding urban life since the late‐eighteenth century, this paper explores the popular contemporary pastime of people‐watching. Drawing on cumulative theoretical, empirical, and methodological resources generated by generations of critical urbanists I highlight the ways in which geographies of people‐watching is a topic deserving of sustained academic attention. More specifically, I explore how engagement with rhythm, repetition, habit and events, testimony, and protocols offer fruitful avenues to interrogate everyday practices, mundane conversations and internalized un‐spoken dialectics that constitutes people‐watching. Concluding remarks signpost how a research agenda focused on people‐watching can add value to long‐standing and newly emerging urban geographies.