bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide analysis of NBS-LRR genes revealed contribution of disease resistance from Saccharum spontaneum to modern sugarcane cultivar
Authors: Jiang Zhengjie , Zhao Mengyu , Qin Hongzhen , Li Sicheng , Yang Xiping 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionDuring plant evolution, nucleotide-binding sites (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) genes have made significant contributions to plant disease resistance. With many high-quality plant genomes sequenced, identification and comprehensive analyses of NBS-LRR genes at whole genome level are of great importance to understand and utilize them.MethodsIn this study, we identified the NBS-LRR genes of 23 representative species at whole genome level, and researches on NBS-LRR genes of four monocotyledonous grass species, Saccharum spontaneum, Saccharum officinarum, Sorghum bicolor and Miscanthus sinensis, were focused. Results and discussionWe found that whole genome duplication, gene expansion, and allele loss could be factors affecting the number of NBS-LRR genes in the species, and whole genome duplication is likely to be the main cause of the number of NBS-LRR genes in sugarcane. Meanwhile, we also found a progressive trend of positive selection on NBS-LRR genes. These studies further elucidated the evolutionary pattern of NBS-LRR genes in plants. Transcriptome data from multiple sugarcane diseases revealed that more differentially expressed NBS-LRR genes were derived from S. spontaneum than from S. officinarum in modern sugarcane cultivars, and the proportion was significantly higher than the expected. This finding reveals that S. spontaneum has a greater contribution to disease resistance for modern sugarcane cultivars. In addition, we observed allelespecific expression of seven NBS-LRR genes under leaf scald, and 125 NBS-LRR genes responding to multiple diseases were identified. Finally, we built a plant NBS-LRR gene database to facilitate subsequent analysis and use of NBSLRR genes obtained here. In conclusion, this study complemented and completed the research of plant NBS-LRR genes, and discussed how NBS-LRR genes responding to sugarcane diseases, which provided a guide and genetic resources for further research and utilization of NBS-LRR genes.
Insecticidal and biochemical effects of Dillenia indica L. leaves against three major stored grain insect pests
Authors: Singh Kabrambam D. , Koijam Arunkumar S. , Bharali Rupjyoti , Rajashekar Yallappa 
Published: February 2023

The Last four decades have witnessed the banning of several synthetic insecticides mainly due to the development of resistance to the target pests and due to hazardous effects on humans and the environment. Hence, the development of a potent insecticide with biodegradable and eco-friendly nature is the need of the hour. In the present study, the fumigant property, and biochemical effects of Dillenia indica L. (Dilleniaceae) were studied against three coleopterans stored-products insects. The bioactive enriched fraction (sub-fraction-III) was isolated from ethyl acetate extracts of D. indica leaves and found toxic to rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera); lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (L.) (Coleoptera) and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera) with the LC50 values of 101.887, 189.908 and 115.1 µg/L respectively after 24 h exposure. The enriched fraction was found to inhibit the function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme when tested against S. oryzae, T. castaneum, and R. dominica with LC50 value of 88.57 µg/ml, 97.07 µg/ml, and 66.31 µg/ml respectively, in in-vitro condition. It was also found that the enriched fraction caused a significant oxidative imbalance in the antioxidative enzyme system such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). GCMS analysis of the enriched fraction indicates three major compounds namely, 6-Hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2(4H)-one, 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, and Benzothiazole, 2-(2-hydroxyethylthio)-. Finally, we concluded that the enriched fraction of D. indica has insecticidal properties and the toxicity may be due to the inhibition of the AChE enzyme in association with oxidative imbalance created on the insect’s antioxidant enzyme systems.
Youth and social cohesion in times of the COVID pandemic: Most negatively affected? Most resilient?
Authors: Hartz Carina , Dragolov Georgi , Arant Regina , Delhey Jan , Unzicker Kai , Boehnke Klaus 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe current article reports findings from three large representative survey studies in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg. The studies are part of the Social Cohesion Radar research initiative of Bertelsmann Stiftung.MethodsThe article explores the role of social cohesion in the relationship between COVID-based objective and subjective strain, on the one hand, and future optimism for the youth, citizens of active age, and the elderly. In particular, it focuses on the question whether the degree of social cohesion perceived by respondents moderates the relationship between strain and optimism in the different age groups.Results and discussionFindings show that the impact of perceived social cohesion in people’s life context has only modest effects on the relationship between strain and future optimism. Yet, the results show that having been affected by COVID in one way or the other leads to a small but persistent bounce-back effect. People affected by COVID tend to look more optimistic into the future than those who were not.
The relationship between parental involvement and psychological adjustment among Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder in the transition from kindergarten to primary school: A chain-mediating model
Authors: Hou Yujia , Yan Tingrui , Zhang Junfang 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThis study examined the impact of parental involvement on the psychological adjustment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the role of parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress in the transition from kindergarten to primary school.MethodsUsing the questionnaires, we collected data from 237 Chinese parents of children with ASD.ResultsMediation analyses showed that parental involvement partially promoted the psychological adjustment of children with ASD, which was reflected in the fact that parental involvement promoted children’s prosocial behavior but did not reduce their emotional/behavioral problems. Mediation analyses also revealed the role of the mediator in parenting stress between parental involvement and the psychological adjustment of children. Additionally, the results suggested that parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress played a chain-mediating role in the association between parental involvement and psychological adjustment in children with ASD.DiscussionThese findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between parental involvement and psychological adjustment in children with ASD in the transition from kindergarten to primary school.
Sense of hope affects secondary school students’ mental health: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Sun Yajing , Yu Haibo , Wu Xiaoguang , Ma Chao 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe study assesses the moderated mediation effect of sense of hope on the mental health of secondary school students.MethodsThe Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 1776 secondary school students.ResultsThe results showed that total mental health scores of secondary school students were significantly negatively correlated with sense of hope and psychological resilience; sense of hope was significantly positively correlated with psychological resilience; sense of hope significantly and positively predicted the level of mental health of secondary school students, and psychological resilience played a mediating role in it; gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between sense of hope and psychological resilience.DiscussionThe study further revealed the mechanism of the effect of sense of hope on secondary school students’ mental health, and provided suggestions for cultivating positive psychological qualities and promoting the mental health development of secondary school students.
Category characteristics of high school students’ sense of hope and its relationship with mental health
Authors: Wang Rui , Di Siyu , Sun Yajing , Liu Yafei , Ma Chao 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThis study used the latent profile analysis technique to investigate the latent categories of high school students’ sense of hope and their relationship with mental health.MethodsA total of 1,513 high school students from six middle schools in China was tested using the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale and the Symptom Checklist 90. Analysis of variance was used to explore the relationship between latent categories of sense of hope and mental health.ResultsHigh school students’ sense of hope scores are negatively associated with mental health scores. The high school students’ sense of hope could be divided into three latent categories: negative sense of hope group, moderate sense of hope group and positive sense of hope group. The differences in scores on each dimension of mental health among high school students with different latent categories of sense of hope were statistically significant. The positive sense of hope group had lower scores on the dimensions of somatization, compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia, and psychosis than the negative sense of hope group and the moderate sense of hope group.ConclusionThere are three latent categories of high school students’ sense of hope, and the sense of hope category is closely related to mental health. Based on the different categories of high school students’ sense of hope, the program of mental health education can be reasonably selected to create a positive general environment for mental health education and ultimately enhance the mental health of high school students.
Development of a simplified version of the smoking rationalization belief scale for Chinese male smokers
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Chen Hao , Mao Yimeng , Zheng Shichen , Zheng Pinpin 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to simplify the smoking rationalization belief (SRB) scale among Chinese male smokers and provide a convenient measuring tool with good reliability and validity to promote the assessment and further intervention of SRB among smokers.MethodsThrough purposive sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among adult male smokers in three districts in Shanghai, and 1,307 valid questionnaires were collected. Exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the simplified scale, and Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and Cronbach’s α were used to test the reliability and validity of the simplified scale.ResultsThe SRB scale was simplified from 26 items to 8 items and had good overall reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.757). There was a strong correlation between the simplified scale and the original scale (P &lt; 0.001, r = 0.911), and the scores of SRB measured by the two scales were both negatively associated with a willingness to quit smoking (P &lt; 0.001), which reflected the practical effectiveness of the simplified version.ConclusionThe simplified version of the SRB scale showed good reliability and validity among Chinese smokers, which facilitates smoking cessation-related research and practice.
Life-course fertility and multimorbidity among middle-aged and elderly women in China: Evidence from China health and retirement longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Mingjun , Guo Jianhui , Lin Yawen , Xu Jialiang , Hu Yuduan , Yang Le , Xu Xingyan , Zhu Li , Zhou Jungu , Zhang Zhiyu , Li Huangyuan , Lin Shaowei , Wu Siying 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundMultimorbidity has become an important public health problem in China, especially among middle-aged and elderly women. Few studies have been reported on the association between multimorbidity and female fertility, which is an important stage in the life course. This study aimed to explore the association between multimorbidity and fertility history among middle-aged and elderly women in China.MethodsData from 10,182 middle-aged and elderly female participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018 were used in this study. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of at least two or more chronic conditions. Logistic regression analysis, negative binomial regression analysis, and restrictive cubic splines (RCSs) were used to analyze the relationship between female fertility history and multimorbidity or the number of chronic conditions. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between female fertility history and multimorbidity pattern factor scores.ResultsThe results of this study showed that high parity and early childbearing were significantly associated with an increased risk of multimorbidity and an increased number of chronic conditions among middle-aged and elderly women in China. Late childbearing was significantly associated with reduced risk of multimorbidity and lessened diseases. Parity and age of first childbirth were significantly correlated with the odds of multimorbidity. The association between fertility history and multimorbidity was found to be influenced by age and urban–rural dual structure. Women with high parity tend to have higher factor scores of cardiac-metabolic, visceral-arthritic, and respiratory-psychiatric patterns. Women with early childbearing tended to have higher factor scores of the visceral-arthritic pattern and those with late childbearing tended to have lower factor scores of the cardiac-metabolic pattern.ConclusionFertility history has a significant effect on multimorbidity in the middle and later lives of Chinese women. This study is of great importance for reducing the prevalence of multimorbidity among Chinese women through their life course and promoting health during their middle and later lives.
Physical education, muscle strengthening exercise, sport participation and their associations with screen time in adolescents
Authors: Hu Xiaoqing , Drenowatz Clemens , Duncan Michael , Bao Ran , Chen Sitong , He Jinsheng , Tang Yan 
Published: February 2023

Background/ObjectivePhysical activity (PA) has been suggested to reduce screen time. This study aimed to explore the associations of physical education (PE), muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE), and sport participation with screen time.MethodsA multi-cluster sampling design was used to select 13,677 school-attending adolescents that participated in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance 2019 survey. Adolescents self-reported their frequency of PE attendance, participations in MSE, sport participation and hours for screen time. Additionally, participants provided demographic information including sex, age, race, grade, and weight status.ResultsCollectively, there were beneficial associations between participating in MSE for 4 (OR = 1.31, CI: 1.02–1.68), 5 (OR = 1.65, CI: 1.31–2.08), 6 (OR = 2.23, CI: 1.47–3.36), 7 (OR = 1.62, CI: 1.30–2.01) days and video or computer game hours. Similarly, beneficial associations between participating in 1 team sport (OR = 1.23, CI: 1.06–1.42), 2 team sports (OR = 1.61, CI: 1.33–1.95), 3 or more team sports (OR = 1.45, CI: 1.16–1.83) and video or computer game hours were observed. Participating in 1 team sport (OR = 1.27, CI: 1.08–1.48), 2 teams sport (OR = 1.41, CI: 1.09–1.82), 3 or more team sport (OR = 1.40, CI: 1.03–1.90) also increased the odds for meeting guidelines for television viewing hours. Only 2 days of PE attendance (OR = 1.44, CI: 1.14–1.81) was significantly associated with video or computer game hours.ConclusionThe promotion of sports participation appears to be an important component for reducing excess screen time in adolescents. Further, MSE may have beneficial effects on reducing time spent on the computer and playing video games.
Robust optimization for casualty scheduling considering injury deterioration and point-edge mixed failures in early stage of post-earthquake relief
Authors: Zhou Yufeng , Gong Ying , Hu Xiaoqin 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveScientifically organizing emergency rescue activities to reduce mortality in the early stage of earthquakes.MethodsA robust casualty scheduling problem to reduce the total expected death probability of the casualties is studied by considering scenarios of disrupted medical points and routes. The problem is described as a 0-1 mixed integer nonlinear programming model. An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to solve the model. A case study of the Lushan earthquake in China is conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm.ResultsThe results show that the proposed PSO algorithm is superior to the compared genetic algorithm, immune optimization algorithm, and differential evolution algorithm. The optimization results are still robust and reliable even if some medical points fail and routes are disrupted in affected areas when considering point-edge mixed failure scenarios.ConclusionDecision makers can balance casualty treatment and system reliability based on the degree of risk preference considering the uncertainty of casualties, to achieve the optimal casualty scheduling effect.
Quantifying day-to-day variability of O/N2 and its correlation with geomagnetic activity using GOLD
Authors: Martinez Benjamin C. , Lu Xian 
Published: February 2023

We quantify the short-term (&lt;30 day) variability of column O/N2 measured by GOLD from January 2019 to August 2022 for various geomagnetic activity conditions. We find enhanced variabilities at high latitudes during active (Kp ≥ 3.0) times and weak but statistically significant variabilities at low latitudes. For active times, the largest absolute variability of O/N2 ratio is 0.14 and the largest relative variability is 20.6% at ∼60.0°N in Fall, which are about twice those of quiet times. The variability at higher latitudes can be larger than that of lower latitudes by a factor of 5–8. We further quantify contributions of magnetospheric forcing to O/N2 variability in the Ionosphere-Thermosphere region by correlating O/N2 perturbations with Dst. During geomagnetic active times, positive correlations as large as +0.66 and negative correlations as large as −0.65 are found at high and low latitudes, respectively, indicative of storm-induced O and N2 upwelling at high latitudes and down welling at low latitudes. During quiet times, correlations between O/N2 perturbations and Dst become insignificant at all latitudes, implying a more substantial contribution from below. O/N2 variabilities maximize in Fall and decrease towards Summer, while correlations maximize in Spring/Summer and decrease in Winter/Spring, which may be related to seasonal variations of geomagnetic activity and mean circulation.
Inclusion of Azolla pinnata as an unconventional feed of Zaraibi dairy goats, and effects on milk production and offspring performance
Authors: Hassanein Hanan A. M. , Maggiolino Aristide , Abou El-Fadel Magdy H. , De Palo Pasquale , El-Sanafawy Heba A. , Hussein Ahmed M. , Salem Abdelfattah Z. M. 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThis study investigated the effects of using sun-dried Azolla (Azolla pinnata) meal (SDAM) protein to replace sunflower meal protein in the diets of Zaraibi goats dams on nutrient digestibility, milk yield, composition, and economics.MethodA total of 15 Zaraibi goats (32.23 ± 0.2 kg) were randomly divided into three equal groups, R1, R2, and R3 which were fed based on average milk production. The basal ration was a concentrated feed mixture containing 0, 10, and 20% SDAM which replaced 0, 25, and 50% of sunflower meal protein in the respective groups.ResultsNutrient digestibility and feeding values were improved with R3 goats, which had the highest level of azolla (20%) R3 versus R2 and R1 goats. The total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration in the in-rumen liquor was elevated by increasing the level of azolla up to 20% in R3 goats. The results revealed significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) mean milk yield in the SDAM groups in comparison to R1 (1184, 1131 and 1034 respectively). The beneficial effects of the tested groups were observed in milk composition, milk fat, milk protein, and non- fats solids. Whereas the milk fat yield was higher in the SDAM group in comparison with the control group (40.84, 37.20, and 33.92). Ration inclusion of SDAM improved economic feed efficiency (relative feed cost and relative daily profit) and had a significant effect on the yield of milk constituents. In general, using up to a level of 20% SDAM in place of sunflower meal for feeding lactating Zaraibi goats improved milk production, milk fat yield, and cost-benefit ratio.DiscussionThis study recommended that, inclusion of sun-dried azolla meal up to 20%, as an unconventional feed for Zaraibi dairy goats and offspring, improved milk production and economically feed efficiency.
Ghana’s Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (1000) Program Seasonally Impacts Birthweight: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis
Authors: Quinones Sarah , Mendola Pauline , Tian Lili , Lin Shao , Novignon Jacob , Angeles Gustavo , Palermo Tia 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Low birthweight (LBW) prevalence remains high in African countries and evidence of cash transfer impacts on birthweight, particularly by season of infant birth, is limited. This study examines overall and seasonal cash transfer impacts on LBW in rural Ghana.Methods: Data come from a longitudinal, quasi-experimental impact evaluation of the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) 1,000 unconditional cash transfer program for impoverished pregnant or lactating women in rural districts of Northern Ghana. LEAP1000 program impacts on average birthweight and LBW were estimated for a multiply imputed sample of 3,258 and a panel sample of 1,567 infants using differences-in-differences models and triple difference models to assess impacts by season.Results: LEAP1000 decreased LBW prevalence by 3.5 and 4.1 percentage points overall and in the dry season, respectively. LEAP1000 increased average birthweight by 94, 109, and 79 g overall, in the dry season, and in the rainy season, respectively.Conclusion: Our findings of positive LEAP1000 impacts on birthweight across seasons and on LBW in the dry season demonstrate the need to take seasonal vulnerabilities into account when designing and implementing programs for rural populations in Africa.