bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BETON SEBAGAI AGREGAT KASAR PADA ASPAL BERONGGA MENGGUNAKAN ASPAL PENETRASI 60/70
Authors: Gasruddin Ahmad 
Published: January 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan nilai karakteristik marshall pada setiap kadar aspal yang direncanakan dari campuran aspal berongga dengan memanfaatkan limbah beton sebagai agregat kasar. Dalam penelitian ini perencanaan benda uji dilakukan dengan menentukan komposisi campuran baik penentuan komposisi agregat mapun penentuan kadar aspal rencana dimana variasi kadar aspal rencana yaitu : 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, dan 7 % dan setiap kadar aspal terdiri dari lima sampel. Benda uji dipadatkan dengan pemadatan 2x50 tumbukan, Kemudian menyiapkan benda uji untuk tes Marshall dan Permeabilitas. Dari hasil pengujian didapat nilai karakteristik marshall dari campuran aspal berongga didapat nilai tertinggi terdapat pada kadar aspal 7 % dimana nilai Stabilitas yaitu 2950,13 kg, nilai Kelelehan/Flow yaitu 2,63 mm, nilai VIM/ Porositas yaitu 19,86 % dan nilai Permeabilitas yaitu 0,42 ltr/dtk sedangkan nilai yang terendah terdapat pada kadar aspal 4% dimana nilai Stabilitas yaitu 1669,37 kg, nilai Kelelehan/Flow yaitu 5,83 mm, nilai VIM/ Porositas yaitu 22,56 % dan nilai Permeabilitas yaitu 0,54 ltr/dtk.
PENGARUH SUBTITUSI PASIR BESI TERHADAP NILAI KUAT TEKAN BETON
Authors: Agus Irzal 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai kuat tekan beton dengan penambahan pasir besi sebagai bahan campuran dalam pembuatan beton. Subtitusi pasir besi dalam beton dilakukan dengan empat komposisi yaitu masing-masing dengan variasi penambahan 0%, 5%, 10% dan 15%. Pengujian dilakukan pada umur perawatan 3, 7 dan 28 hari, dengan dimensi benda uji silinder 15 cm x 30 cm. setiap komposisi dibuat 9 benda uji dengan jumlah keseluruhan 36 benda uji. Hasil pengujian kuat tekan beton yang dihasilkan mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan penambahan subtitusi pasir besi pada campuran beton. Hasil Uji Kuat tekan beton normal (0%) pada umur 3 hari adalah 97,2 kg/cm2, umur 7 hari adalah 126,4 kg/cm2 dan 28 hari adalah 145,3 kg/cm2, nilai kuat tekan beton dengan subtitusi pasir besi (5%) pada umur 3 hari adalah 100 kg/cm2, umur 7 hari adalah 134,9 kg/cm2 dan 28 hari adalah 158,5 kg/cm2, nilai kuat tekan beton dengan penambahan pasir besi (10%) pada umur 3 hari adalah 104,7 kg/cm2, umur 7 hari adalah 144,4 kg/cm2 dan 28 hari adalah 166,1 kg/cm2 dan nilai kuat tekan beton dengan penambahan pasir besi (15%) pada umur 3 hari adalah 124,6 kg/cm2, umur 7 hari adalah 164,2 kg/cm2 dan 28 hari adalah 205,7 kg/cm2.
PEMANFAATAN LGA SEBAGAI FILLER PADA KONSTRUKSI JALAN (HOTMIX AC-WC)
Authors: Gasruddin Ahmad 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh penggunaan nilai karakteristik Marshall pada campuran Laston Lapis Aus (AC-WC) dengan pemanfaatan LGA sebagai bahan pengisi (filler). Perencanaan benda uji dilakukan dengan menentukan komposisi campuran agregat, kadar aspal rencana dan kadar filler. Kadar aspal rencana adalah 6%. Kadar LGA sebagai filler rencana bervariasi yaitu: 0%, 1,5%, 3%, 4,5% dan 5%. Benda uji yang direncanakan 15 buah. Hasil uji laboratorium untuk LGA 0% diperoleh nilai Density 2,28 gr/cm³; VMA 17,29%; VIM 5,58%; VFA 72,34%; Stabilitas 1207 kg; Flow 4,98 mm; MQ 250 kg/mm. Campuran menggunakan LGA 1,5% diperoleh nilai Density 2,29 gr/cm³; VMA 16,71%; VIM 4,92%; VFA 72,49%; Stabilitas 1491 kg; Flow 4,47 mm; MQ 347 kg/mm. Campuran menggunakan LGA 3% diperoleh nilai Density 2,30 gr/cm³; VMA 16,65%; VIM 4,85%; VFA 75,53%; Stabilitas 1571 kg; Flow 3,31 mm; MQ 475 kg/mm. Campuran menggunakan LGA 4,5% diperoleh nilai Density 2,31 gr/cm³; VMA 16,06%; VIM 4,17%; VFA 77,43%; Stabilitas 1888 kg; Flow 3,70mm; MQ 527 kg/mm. Campuran menggunakan LGA 5% diperoleh nilai Density 2,31 gr/cm³; VMA 16,05%; VIM 4,17%; VFA 77,43%; Stabilitas 1727 kg; Flow 3,55 mm; MQ 488 kg/mm.
PENGARUH GRADASI AGREGAT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MARSHALL PADA CAMPURAN LAWELE GRANULAR ASPHAL (LGA)
Authors: Dairi Rachmat Hidayat 
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan Gradasi agregat terhadap karakteristik Marshall pada campuran Lawele Granular Asphal (L G A). Penelitian ini mengunakan gradasi menerus dan gradasi senjang dengan variasi kadar Lawele Granular Asphal (LGA). yaitu : 0%, dan 4,5%. masing-masing varian 5 sampel untuk gradasi menerus 10 sampel benda uji dan untuk gradasi senjang 10 sampel benda uji, sehingga total benda uji sebanyak 20 buah. Kemudian pengujian Marshall Test. Dari hasil pengujian aspal Laston (AC-WC) menggunakan aspal penetrasi 60/70 sebagai pengikat dengan gradasi menerus diperoleh nilai Density 2,37 gr/cm3, dan 2,35 gr/cm3, Nilai VIM yaitu 3,58%, dan 4,34%. Nilai VMA yaitu 17,16%, dan 17,81%. Nilai VFB yaitu 79,21%, dan 75,81%. Nilai stability yaitu 1084,31kg, dan 953,24 kg. Nilai Flow yaitu 3,24 mm, dan 4,06 mm. Nilai MQ yaitu 324,25 kg/mm, dan 253,18 kg/mm,. Sedangkan dengan mengunakan gradasi senjang diperoleh nilai Density 2,38 gr/cm3, dan 2,37 gr/cm3, Nilai VIM yaitu 3,23%, dan 3,43%. Nilai VMA yaitu 16,85%, dan 17,03%. Nilai VFB yaitu 80,93%, dan 80,16%. Nilai stability yaitu 1029,50kg, dan 1068,45 kg. Nilai Flow yaitu 3,88 mm, dan 4,02 mm. Nilai MQ yaitu 266,02 kg/mm, dan 269,64 kg/mm.
STUDI KARATERISTIK BETON ASPAL (AC-BC) DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN HASIL PEMBAKARAN KULIT KERANG KIMA (KIMA CRECEA) SEBAGAI FILLER
Authors: Bitu Laswar Gombilo 
Published: January 2023

Tujuan dan manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan kerang kima sebagai pengisi (filler) pada campuran Aspal Beton (AC-BC) terhadap pengujian marshallAspal yang digunakan adalah aspal pen 60/70, dengan kadar aspal optimum 6%. pada variasi filler 0%, 1,5%, 3%, 4,5%, 6%. Berdasarkan karakteristik agregat, diperoleh komposisi agregat untuk AC-BC : Batu pecah 54,0%, Batu medium 40,0% dan filler 6%. Pengujian ini dilakukan di laboratorium struktur dan bahan Teknik si[pil Universitas Dayanu Ikhsanuddin. Berdasarkan pengujian untuk campuran AC-BC diperoleh kadar filler optimum sebesar 1,5% dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut : Stabilitas (kg) =1680 > 800, flow (mm) = 3,07 > 2,0, Density (t/m³) = 2,40 > 2,0, VIM (%) = 4.09 > 3,0, VMA (%) = 15,28 > 15,0, VFB (%) = 77,00 > 65,0, MQ (%) = 548,52 > 250. Bila dibandingkan dengan spesifikasi campuran beraspal panas maka kerang kima dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif bahan pengisi (filler) dalam campuran AC-BC
Leadership Style and the Morale and Productivity of Sales Force: A Study of Banking Industry of Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Zobia Zaman  
Published: January 2023

This study tries to explore, The Impact of leadership style on Employees Performance, Since leadership styles are entering with lots of new changes in the last ten years and has seen a remarkable development. This study expands the knowledge of the impact of leadership style on employee’s performance, when examining how leadership style works. Contributors were requested to respond to a questionnaire focused on the impact or leadership style on employee’s performance, motivation, self-esteem, reward, turnover and diversity . Questions related to the level of interest and understanding of leadership importance and its styles towards employees’ performance. On the basis of convenience, a sample of 250 respondents was taken. Questionnaire had two variables, that is, leadership style and employees’ performance, and each of them was defined in four secondary variables. The reliability of the questionnaire was within the acceptable range.
Public Participation in School Management as a Catalytic agent for the Enhancement of Education Quality
Authors: Bushra Waqar  
Published: January 2023

The right to education is not only indicating the right to access to education but also emphasizing the right to quality education. To improve the quality of education, World Bank and other donor agencies introduced the need of community involvement in school management system in achieving the right to education. Thus, multiple reform programs initiated based on community involvement known as school-Based Management (SBM) or School Management Committee (SMC). Given this, to improve the quality education, many countries initiated multiple reform programs and indicated the need of community involvement through community-school partnership. Therefore, in Pakistan, like other provinces, Sindh has also formed School Management Committee (SMC). This study is an attempt to evaluate the impact of community involvement i.e. SMC on quality of education in Sindh province, Pakistan. For the analysis, the study has used Sindh Education Management Information System (SEMIS) database for the year 2013-14. To evaluate the impact of SMC intervention, the study has constructed different measures of quality education such as school environment index, teacher’s resource index, promotion rate, repetition rate, and dropout rate. Further, the study has also assessed the quality of matching based on different measures of matching quality. Since the study has selected those schools of Sindh in which SMC is functional. Hence, to control the problem of self-selection bias, the study has used a semi-parametric propensity score matching technique (PSM). The overall findings of the study provide useful insights and reveals that the establishment of SMC has positive and significant impact on access to school and quality of school measures except the one i.e. student’s dropout rate. The study recommends that an impact evaluation is one of the best ways to provide evidence-based useful insights for the policymakers to improve educational outcomes for future generations.
A Historical Glance at the Origin of the People of Kohikhana District in Faryab Province
Authors: Baher Pohanyar Mawladad 
Published: January 2023

The subject that we are discussing here is the historical origin of the ethnic groups that live in an area of ​​9 square kilometers. This area is known as (the Kohikhana District) of Maimana city. Kohikhana district is located in the eastern part of Maimana city at the the hillside of the mountain range that stretches to the north and south. The residence of this area consists of different ethnic groups such as Lefrai, Kolani, Zai Reza, Turkmen, Uzbek, Punjabi, and Pashtun. There are various traditions and views about the origin and habitat of these ethnic groups, the form of settlement, and the method of immigration.
The majority of the residents of this region are Lefrai, Kolani, and Zai Reza, who are all known under the title (AAimaq or Firouzkohi). The above tribes came here from the mountain areas of Faryab province or Ghor province and settled here. Besides them, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Punjabis, and Pashtuns have also come here from different areas and live peacefully together.
The purpose of this article is to show that the tribes living in this area came to this area and settled at what time? Which region and land were they from? Under what conditions and factors did the foundation of immigration in this direction? What was their naming philosophy? And in which position did they settle in this area?
INVESTIGATING PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE TEST TAKERS DURING TAKING TOEFL TEST
Authors: Rahman Arif , Purwaningtyas Maya 
Published: January 2023

One of standardized test that measure students’ proficiency level in English which is called as Test of English as Foreign Language (TOEFL) has been used worldwide by more than 9.000 colleges, universities and agencies in more than hundreds countries in the world. Nowadays, English proficiency test is taken not only on purpose of pursuing study abroad but also as a prerequisite to complete college, especially in institutions. Further, it is also used in the admissions process of applicants to get a job especially in companies where English is used to communicate. However, to pass the TOFL test is not an easy task and even there are many test taker failed the test though they had spent months preparing for the test. There are many problem happened during the test that caused the test taker into failure. This research aimed to investigate problems that occur during the test. This study used descriptive qualitative design and the subjects were ten college students who had taken TOEFL prediction test in the Language Center of Mandalika University of Education (UNDIKMA). The instrument used in this study was an interview which then the result of interview was analyzed in three steps, i.e. data condensation, display, and conclusion. The result of the study showed that most of the test taker failed and made a bad score due to some problems, i.e. less practice, lack of vocabulary, bad time management, feeling nervous, etc. It was noted that those who had minimum problem scored higher than those who had various problem.
Penetapan Harga Swab Antigen oleh Penyedia Jasa Swab di Area Pelabuhan Gilimanuk
Authors: Maulida Mutia Rahma , Fidhayanti, S.HI., M.H. Dwi 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam terhadap penetapan harga yang dilakukan penyedia jasa klinik di area Gilimanuk dengan menggunakan pandangan Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis empiris dan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis, Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer dan sekunder dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dalam pengolahan dan analisis data melewati beberapa tahapan: Editing, Classifying, Analyzing, dan Verifikasi. penetapan harga dibawah harga pasar yang hanya dilakukan oleh sekelompok penyedia jasa swab tertentu mengakibatkan kerugian bahkan tutupnya usaha klinik swab pesaing, meskipun menetapkan harga merupakan kebebasan tiap perusahaan namun menurut Pasal 20 UU. No. 5 Tahun 1999, tindakan penetapan harga dibawah harga pasar tidak perlu didasarkan harus berupa perjanjian untuk membuktikan legal atau ilegalnya, sebab kebenarannya dapat dilihat dari pengaruh ekonomi yang telah disusun secara rule of reason, hal tersebut diverifikasi hingga penentuan harga menghancurkan pasar dan berusaha menghilangkan pesaingnya dengan harga dibawah pada umumnya.
Kata Kunci: Penetapan Harga; UU Anti monopoli; Swab Antigen.

Abstract
This study aims to examine more deeply the pricing carried out by clinic service providers in the Gilimanuk area by using the views of Law No. 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Unfair Business Competition. This research is empirical juridical research and using a sociological juridical approach, the data collected is primary and secondary data with data collection methods through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. This research in data processing and analysis goes through several stages: Editing, Classifying, Analyzing, and Verification. Pricing below the market price that is only done by a certain group of swab service providers causes losses and even the closure of competitor swab clinic businesses, although setting prices is the freedom of each company but according to Article 20 of the Law. No. 5 of 1999, the act of pricing below market prices does not need to be based on an agreement to prove legal or illegal, because the truth can be seen from the economic influence that has been compiled in a rule of reason, it is verified until the determination of prices destroys the market and seeks to eliminate its competitors at below prices in general.
Keywords: Pricing; Antimonopoly Law; Antigen Swab.
Quo Vadis : Kepastian Hukum Aturan Praktik Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat Pada Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja
Authors: Tektona Rahmadi 
Published: January 2023

Konsep Omnibus Law merupakan skema membangun perekonomian untuk menarik investor dan menjadi solusi menyederhanakan peraturan yang banyak dan diharapkan tercipta iklim investasi yang semakin kondusif, mengatasi tumpang tindih regulasi dan memangkas masalah dalam birokrasi. Melihat isi pasal Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, diketahui terdapat substansi perubahan terhadap Undang-Undang Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat yang berkaitan dengan penegakan hukum larangan praktik monopoli pada persaingan usaha Indonesia, perubahan upaya keberatan dari Pengadilan Negeri ke Pengadilan Niaga, penghapusan jangka waktu pembacaan putusan keberatan dan kasasi oleh Pengadilan Niaga dan Mahkamah Agung, penghapusan batasan denda maksimal, penghapusan ancaman pidana atas bentuk pelanggaran praktik monopoli. Rumusan masalah apakah kepastian hukum aturan praktik Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat Pada Undang-Undang Tentang Cipta Kerja. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis Kepastian hukum dan menganalisis implikasi hukum yang ditimbulkannya. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan dalam karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah jenis penelitian yuridis normatif.
Kata Kunci: Ekonomi; Implikasi; Monopoli.

Abstract
The concept of the Omnibus Law is a form of scheme in building the economy to attract investors and is a solution to simplify many regulations and it is hoped to create a more conducive investment climate, overcome overlapping regulations and reduce problems in the bureaucracy. Looking at the contents of the Articles of the Job Creation Law, it is known that there are substantial changes to the Law on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition relating to law enforcement on the prohibition of monopolistic practices on Indonesian business competition, changes to objections from the District Court to the Commercial Court, the abolition of the period for reading the decision on objections and cassation by the Commercial Court and the Supreme Court, the abolition of the maximum fine limit, the elimination of criminal threats for violations of monopolistic practices. The concept of Omnibus Law can be a solution to simplify too many regulations so that legal certainty can be achieved as a form of protection for justice seekers. The research objective is to analyze legal certainty and analyze the legal implications it causes. The research method used in this article is normative research and deductive analysis, the type of research approach used is a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. Researchers also use the library method. The certainty of benefit and justice is a final goal that should be achieved, the existence of Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation is expected to achieve this without compromising one another.
Keywords : Economy; Implication; Monopoly.
Development of Perception-Focused Nutrition Education Material for Mothers of Children in Early Childhood
Authors: Noor Remesah , Khurshid Faiza , Arshad Qurat-ul-ain , Qamar Ujala , Yousaf Fabia , Akbar Javeria , Tanweer Afifa 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Mothers play a crucial role in shaping the eating behavior of their children. Several studies have shown that mothers misperceive the diet quality, total energy intake, and portion sizes of their children. This misperception leads to overestimation or even underestimation of their children’s dietary intake which can have a detrimental effect on their health. Mothers associate a chubby child with good health and have a lot of emotional investment related to the amount of food their child ate.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Even though past research articles acknowledge the existence of these perceptions, nutrition education material that could target these misperceptions has not been developed. The first step was to conduct a needs assessment and the second was to develop perception-focused nutrition education material.
Findings: Three themes were identified by conducting a needs assessment and six themes were identified by going through research articles from the past. These nine themes identified were then organized and developed into three lesson plans with specific objectives.
Practice implications: The perception-focused nutrition education material, thus developed, can be delivered to mothers through oral and visual aids. Through our developed nutrition educational material, future researchers will be able to test the perceptions of mothers regarding their child’s diet.
Analisa Pasir Besi Alam dari Sungai Musi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Melinia Luh Ayu , Puspita Endah , Naibaho Marzuki , Ramlan Ramlan , Ginting Masno 
Published: January 2023

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai sifat magnetik dan kandungan pasir besi yang berasal dari Sungai Musi-Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia. Sampel pasir besi diekstraksi menggunakan magnet permanen, kemudian dipreparasi dengan metode milling. Selanjutnya sampel dikarakterisasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy dengan Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) dan Vibrating Sampel Magnetometer (VSM). Berdasarkan hasil dari uji SEM-EDX menunjukkan bahwa partikel pasir besi dari sungai musi teraglomerasi dengan ukuran rata-rata ± 0.5 m serta terdapat kandungan pengotor (gangue) antara lain Si, Ti, Mg, Al dan Mn sehingga sampel pasir besi bersifat ferromagnetik dan termasuk kategori semi-hard-magnet dengan nilai saturasi (Ms), remanensi (Mr) dan koersivitas (Hc) masing-masing sebesar 46,61 emu/g, 8,72 emu/g dan 322,09 0e.
Studi Parameter Burn-up Sel Bahan Bakar Uranium Nitrit Dengan Penambahan Minor Aktinida Berpendingin S-CO2
Authors: Gontina Wulan , Monado Fiber , Ariani Menik 
Published: January 2023

Abstrak Bahan bakar nuklir adalah komponen utama dalam reaktor yang diperoleh dari isotop alami seperti Uranium. Dengan penambahan unsur-unsur minor aktinida pada bahan bakar dapat dilihat performa sel bahan bakar selama burn-up nya. Studi parameter pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari perhitungan tingkat sel bahan bakar uranium nitrit pada perbandingan 95% uranium nitrit dan 5% penambahan minor aktinida berupa nuklida Am241 dan Np237 dengan komposisi 1% hingga 7% dengan pendingin S-CO2. Persentase fraksi volume tingkat sel adalah 65% fuel, 10% cladding (stainless steel) dan 25% coolant. Hasil perhitungan terhadap parameter survey tingkat sel bahan bakar diperoleh dari nilai K-inf sepanjang sejarah burn-up selama 120 tahun, level burn-up sepanjang sejarah burn-up selama 120 tahun, densitas atom terkait U235,U238 dan Pu239,konversi rasio sepanjang sejarah burn-up selama 120 tahun. Hasil perhitungan parameter neutronik tingkat sel memperlihatkan dampak dari penambahan minor aktinida terhadap bahan bakar uranium nitrit untuk performa sel bahan bakar selama burn-up nya. Kata kunci : sel bahan bakar, uranium nitrit, minor aktinida, S-CO2 Abstract Nuclear fuel is the main component in the reactor which is obtained from natural isotopes such as Uranium. By adding actinide minor elements to the fuel, it can be seen how the performance of the fuel cell during its burn-up can be seen. Parameter studies in this study were obtained from the calculation of the level of uranium nitrite fuel cells at a ratio of 95% uranium nitrite and 5% the addition of minor actinides with Am241 and Np237 nuclides with a composition of 1% to 7% with S-CO2 coolant. The percentage of cell level volume fraction is 65% fuel, 10% cladding (stainless steel) and 25% coolant. Calculation results for the fuel cell level survey parameters are obtained from the K-inf value over the 120 year burn-up history, the burn-up level over the 120 year burn-up history, the atomic density associated with U235, U238 and Pu239, the conversion ratio over the 120 year burn-up history . The results of the calculation of the cell-level neutronic parameters show the impact of the minor addition of actinide to uranium nitrite fuel on the performance of the fuel cell during its burn-up. Keywords: fuel cell, uranium nitrite, actinide minor, S-CO2