bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive versus Conventional Aortic Root Surgery: Results of an Intermediate-Volume Center
Authors: Elghannam Mahmoud , Useini Dritan , Moustafine Vadim , Bechtel Matthias , Naraghi Hamid , Strauch Justus T. , Haldenwang Peter Lukas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background We evaluate the outcome of aortic root surgery via an upper J-shaped mini-sternotomy (MS) versus full sternotomy (FS) in an intermediate-volume center.
Methods Between November 2011 and February 2019, 94 consecutive patients underwent aortic root surgery: 62 (66%) patients were operated via a J-shaped MS (group A) and 32 (34%) patients via FS (group B). The primary endpoints were mortality, major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE), and reoperation in a 2-year follow-up. The secondary endpoints were perioperative complications and patient's satisfaction with the procedural results.
Results Valve sparing root replacement (David procedure) was performed in 13 (21%) of the MS and 7 (22%) of the FS patients. The Bentall procedure in MS versus FS was 49 (79%) versus 25 (78%), respectively. Both groups presented similar mean operation, cardiopulmonary bypass, and cross-clamp times. Postoperative bleeding was 534 ± 300 and 755 ± 402 mL (p = 0.01) in MS and FS, respectively, erythrocyte concentrate substitution was 3 ± 3 and 5.3 ± 4.8 (p = 0.018) in MS and FS, respectively, and pneumonia rates were 0 and 9.4% (p = 0.03) in MS and FS, respectively. The 30-day mortality was 0% in both groups, whereas MACCE was 1.6 and 3% (p = 0.45) in MS and FS, respectively. After 2 years, the mortality and MACCE were 4.6 and 9.5% (p = 0.11) and 4.6 and 0% (p = 0.66) in MS and FS, respectively. The number of patients who were satisfied with the surgical cosmetic results in groups A and B was 53 (85.4%) and 26 (81%), respectively.
Conclusion Aortic root surgery via MS is a safe alternative to FS even in an intermediate-volume center. It offers a shorter recovery time and similar midterm results.
Base-Promoted Formal (2+1) Cycloaddition of Benzofuran-Derived Oxadienes with Bromomalonates
Authors: Zhong Chen , Wang Xue , Liu Si-Jia , Tu Man-Su , Zhang Yu-Chen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA base-promoted formal (2+1) cycloaddition of benzofuran-derived oxadienes with bromomalonates was established that afforded benzofuranone-based spirocyclopropanes in generally good yields (up to 98%) and high diastereoselectivities (up to 91:9 dr). This reaction is the first highly diastereoselective formal (2+1) cycloaddition of benzofuran-derived oxadienes, and will contribute to the chemistry of these compounds. In addition, this approach provides an atom-economic and useful protocol for constructing benzofuranone-based spiro skeletons.
Automated Light Transmission Aggregometry with and without Platelet Poor Plasma Reference: A Method Comparison
Authors: Sachs Ulrich J. , Röder Lida , Cooper Nina , Radon Christian , Kolde Hans-Jürgen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Light transmission aggregometry (LTA) is considered the gold standard for the evaluation of platelet function but is labor-intensive and involves numerous manual steps. Automation may contribute to standardization. Here, we evaluate the performance characteristics of a new automated instrument, Thrombomate XRA (TXRA), and compare it against a manual instrument (PAP-8).
Materials and Methods Leftover blood samples from blood donors or patients were tested in parallel with identical reagents and in identical concentrations both manually using PAP-8 and automated on the TXRA. In addition to precision and method comparison, an additional evaluation was performed on the TXRA against “virtual” platelet-poor plasma (VPPP) based on artificial intelligence. The main focus was on comparing the maximum aggregation (MA%) values.
Results Precision for MA% ranged from 1.4 to 4.6% on TXRA for all reagents. Normal ranges for 100 healthy blood donors on both instruments were in a similar range for all reagents, with a tendency to slightly higher values with TXRA. Most agonists resulted in normally distributed MA%. Comparing 47 patient samples on both devices showed a good correlation for both slope and MA% with some differences in individual samples with epinephrine and TRAP. Correlation between the TXRA measurement against PPP and “virtual” PPP demonstrated excellent correlation. Reaction signatures of both devices were very similar.
Conclusion TXRA provides reproducible LTA results that correlate with an established manual method when tested against PPP or VPPP. Its ability to perform LTA only from platelet-rich plasma without requiring autologous PPP simplifies LTA. TXRA is an important step not only for further standardizing LTA but also for a more widespread use of this important method.
A proposal for the inductive categorisation of parenthetical discourse markers in Spanish using parallel corpora
Authors: Robledo Hernán , Nazar Rogelio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe propose a method for the automatic induction of categories of Spanish discourse markers using parallel corpora, based on a quantitative and empirical approach that minimises explicit linguistic knowledge. We conducted the analysis the using a large Spanish-English parallel corpus. First, we used this corpus to obtain a list of parenthetical discourse markers in each language. Then, we used it as a “semantic mirror”, inspecting the English equivalences and assessing which Spanish discourse markers fulfil a similar function in discourse and vice versa. The result of this procedure is an emerging categorisation of discourse markers. The main contribution is to offer empirical evidence for the adequacy of existing manually-compiled taxonomies and the potential for discovery of new, unaccounted categories. In this article we focus on units pertaining to the Spanish language but, since the method is purely quantitative, it is possible to apply it to different languages as well.
Crafting multimodal argumentative meshworks
Authors: Lv Junyi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractShort videos depicting rural China have gained popularity on social media domestically and internationally. Among the genre’s creators, Li Ziqi stands out for her unique style of culinary craft, starting from the most basic materials. I interpret Li Ziqi’s mushroom videos as multimodal “argumentative meshworks” casting a counterstatement to the “involuted” urban life and nature/culture division. To unfold the analyses, I first place videos in the context of urban ills. Built on previous studies of multimodal argumentation and entanglement anthropology, I define “argumentative meshworks” in three aspects: a human-nonhuman entanglement, a simplicity-complexity harmony, and a production-audience interaction. Then I select three mushroom videos as artefacts to unpack the multimodal meshworks. Following the empirical call argumentation studies, I use viewers’ comments to support my points throughout the whole piece. This inquiry explores multimodal argumentation’s new possibility to not only stress things out but create space for harmony and peace of mind.
Diplomatic letters from the Republic of Ragusa in the fifteenth century
Authors: Lalić Ana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I study the ways in which (im)politeness strategies are used in letters sent by the Republic of
Ragusa to its ambassadors in the Bosnian Kingdom during the fifteenth century. The corpus for this research comprises the

Lettere di Levante
collection, today kept in the Dubrovnik
State Archives, Croatia. I aim to determine the politeness strategies that were used in the letters based on the Brown and
Levinson framework. The paper focusses on mitigating strategies used when making requests, expressing condolences, offering
congratulations and making threats. The research reveals patterns in conversational and written exchanges, whose goal is to be
conventionally polite and diplomatic. This research aims to offer insights into intercultural communication in Europe,
inter-European influence, and communication patterns in diplomatic discourse and might be of interest to political scientists,
historians and diplomats.
Measuring language dominance in bilinguals with two sign languages
Authors: Lindeberg Dag Johan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study examines whether a multi-faceted construct of language dominance developed for spoken languages applies
to signed language bilinguals. Sign languages have been described as highly iconic and relatively similar to each other compared
to spoken languages. Attaining fluency in the signed modality might well require considerably less effort, and balanced
bilingualism may be more prevalent in the signed modality. Language dominance constructs, as currently understood, might differ in
the spoken and signed modality. Forty bilinguals with two sign languages responded to a language dominance questionnaire developed
for spoken languages and performed a phonological fluency (sign generation) task. Language dominance levels were found to vary in
the signed modality. The correlation between reported dominance levels and the number of signs generated in each sign language was
significant, suggesting that the construct of language dominance tested is robust and independent of modality.
Second language acquisition of depicting signs
Authors: Schönström Krister , Mesch Johanna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper concerns the acquisition of the sign lexicon in L2 learners of Swedish Sign Language. Sampled data (conversation and narrative retelling) from a longitudinal learner corpus with 16 adult L2 signers was analyzed and compared with data from nine L1 signers. The use of three broad types of signs was analyzed: lexical signs, partly-lexical signs (i.e. depicting signs) and non-lexical signs. The results revealed some differences between L1 and L2 signers, especially with regard to depicting signs. The number of depicting signs used by L2 learners increased over time, approaching the target language use. Qualitatively, we observed differences between L1 and L2 signers in their use of depicting signs, related to handshape choice and sign constructions. We discuss these findings in light of previous research linked to L2 vocabulary as well as the role of gestural knowledge in sign L2 acquisition.
Configurational entropy of black hole quantum cores
Authors: Casadio R , da Rocha R , Meert P , Tabarroni L , Barreto W 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Two types of information entropy are studied for the quantum states of a model for the matter core inside a black hole geometry. A detailed description is first given of the quantum mechanical picture leading to a spectrum of bound states for a collapsing ball of dust in general relativity with a non-trivial ground state. Information entropies are then computed, shedding new light on the stability of the ground state and the spectrum of higher excited states.
A ‘black hole theorem,’ and its implications
Authors: Giddings Steven B 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA general formulation of the basic conflict of the information problem is given, encapsulated in a ‘black hole theorem.’ This is framed in a more general context than the usual one of quantum field theory on a background, and is based on describing a black hole as a quantum subsystem of a larger system, including its environment. This sharpens the limited set of possible consistent options; as with the Coleman-Mandula theorem, the most important point is probably the loophole in the ‘theorem,’ and what this tells us about the fundamental structure of quantum gravity. This ‘theorem’ in particular involves the general question of how to define quantum subsystems in quantum gravity. If black holes do behave as quantum subsystems, at least to a good approximation, evolve unitarily, and do not leave remnants, the ‘theorem’ implies the presence of interactions between a black hole and its environment that go beyond a description based on local quantum fields. This provides further motivation for and connects to previous work giving a principled parameterization of these interactions, and investigating their possible observational signatures via electromagnetic or gravitational wave observations of black holes.
Generalized Newton–Cartan geometries for particles and strings
Authors: Bergshoeff E A , van Helden K , Lahnsteiner J , Romano L , Rosseel J 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe discuss the generalized Newton–Cartan geometries that can serve as gravitational background fields for particles and strings. In order to enable us to define affine connections that are invariant under all the symmetries of the structure group, we describe torsionful geometries with independent torsion tensors. A characteristic feature of the non-Lorentzian geometries we consider is that some of the torsion tensors are so-called ‘intrinsic torsion’ tensors. Setting some components of these intrinsic torsion tensors to zero leads to constraints on the geometry. For both particles and strings, we discuss various such constraints that can be imposed consistently with the structure group symmetries. In this way, we reproduce several results in the literature.
Modular low-cost 3D printed setup for experiments with NV centers in diamond
Authors: Stegemann Jan , Peters Marina , Horsthemke Ludwig , Langels Nicole , Glösekötter Peter , Heusler Stefan , Gregor Markus 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With the advent of quantum technology, the need for affordable, flexible and robust laboratory experiments not only for students, but also at high school level is increasing. Here, for the first time, we report on a simple modular 3D printed low-cost (<250 €) setup which fulfils these needs for quantum sensing experiments based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds. Commercially available setups for optically detected magnetic resonance in microdiamonds used as quantum sensor for magnetic fields are not only beyond the reach of any high school (>10 000 €), but also have shortcomings from a didactical point of view, as all the components of the setup are hidden within a ’black box’, doomed to be successful ’plug and play’. In contrast, our open-source experimental kit consists of optical components that are placed inside 3D printed open-framed cubes, that can be arranged freely on a grid. This modular and flexible design can provide an inquiry-based learning experience both at undergraduate and high school level.
Sparse optimization problems in fractional order Sobolev spaces
Authors: Antil Harbir , Wachsmuth Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We consider optimization problems in the fractional order Sobolev spaces with sparsity promoting objective functionals containing L

p
-pseudonorms,

p
∈
(
0
,
1
)

. Existence of solutions is proven. By means of a smoothing scheme, we obtain first-order optimality conditions, which contain an equation with the fractional Laplace operator. An algorithm based on this smoothing scheme is developed. Weak limit points of iterates are shown to satisfy a stationarity system that is slightly weaker than that given by the necessary condition.
Landau theory-based relaxational modeling of first-order magnetic transition dynamics in magnetocaloric materials
Authors: Costa Rui M , Lovell Edmund , Almeida R , Pinto R M C , Cohen Lesley F , Pereira A M , Araújo João P , Belo J H 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The magnetocaloric effect is often largest within the neighborhood of a first-order phase transition. This effect can be utilized in magnetocaloric refrigeration, which completely eliminates the need for the greenhouse gases utilized in conventional refrigeration. However, such transitions present unique dynamical effects and are accompanied by hysteresis, which can be detrimental for such refrigeration applications. In this work, a Landau theory-based relaxational model is used to study the magnetic hysteresis and dynamics of the first-order magnetic transition of LaFe13−x
Si
x
. Fitting the experimental magnetization data as a function of applied magnetic field under different field sweep rates with this model provided the Landau parameters (A, B, and C) and the kinetic coefficient of the studied material. We demonstrate the tendency of the magnetic hysteresis to increase with the magnetic field sweep rate, underlining the importance of studying and minimizing the magnetic hysteresis in magnetic refrigerants at practical field sweep rates. While evaluating the temperature dependence of the time required for a complete transition to occur, a nonmonotonic behavior and a sharp peak were found for temperatures near the transition temperature. Such peaks occur at the same temperature as the peak of the magnetic entropy change for low fields, whereas for higher fields the two peaks decouple. This information is critical for technological applications (such as refrigerators/heat pumps) as it provides guidelines for the optimization of the magnetic field amplitude in order to reduce the transition timescale and consequently maximize the machine operational frequency and amount of heat that is pumped in/out per second.
Method to subtract the effect of interference reactions that produce same product nucleus on the cross-section measurements of the target nuclear reaction and the cross-section of the 183W(n,p)183Ta reaction around 14 MeV neutrons
*
Authors: Song Yueli , Zhou Fengqun , Yuan Shuqing , Ji Pengfei , Zhang Xiaopeng , Hao Yajuan , Li Yong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For the problem of two or more nuclear reactions producing the same product nucleus in the actual cross-section measurements of nuclear reactions, a method is given for subtracting the effect of interference reactions that produce the same product nucleus on the cross-section measurements of the target nuclear reaction. The cross-section values were measured for the 183W(n,p)183Ta reaction at four different neutron energies from 13.5 to 14.8 MeV using the activation technique. In the process of calculating the cross-section data, the effects of the interference reactions 184W(n,d)183Ta and 184W(n,n+p)183Ta were subtracted using the above method. At the same time, the effect of the 186W(n,α)183Hf

→

β

−

183Ta process was also subtracted by using the previously developed method. Analysis and comparison show that our experimental cross-section values for the 183W(n,p)183Ta reaction agree with the previous results in the case of using the samples of enriched 183W at close energies. Discrepancies in the previous cross-section data of the 183W(n,p)183Ta reaction are clarified, and the recommendation excitation function curve for the 183W(n,p)183Ta reaction is given by adopting the nuclear theoretical model program system TALYS-1.95.
Quasielastic (p, n) reactions described by a microscopic optical model based on the Gogny force
Authors: Moraña Juan Lopez , Viñas Xavier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this work, we want to study quasielastic (p, n) exchange reactions using a semi-microscopic optical model derived from a previous work, Lopez Moraña and Viñas (2021 J. Phys.
G48 035104) based on a nuclear matter approach where the real and imaginary parts are given by the first and second order terms, respectively, of the mass operator obtained by a Brueckner–Hartree–Fock calculation using a G-matrix built up with an effective Gogny interaction. The study of these quasielastic reactions is performed within a Distorted Wave Born Approximation to evaluate the wave functions in the entrance and exit channels, which in turn are used to compute the transition matrix elements. This model, which is free of adjustable parameters, provides a reasonably good agreement with the considered experimental data, namely differential cross sections, analyzing powers and total cross sections, of different reactions spanned along the periodic table at several energies.
Prediction of various defects and material flow behavior during dissimilar FSW of DH36 shipbuilding steel and marine grade AA5083 using FE-based CEL approach
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rituraj , Datta Susmita , Hammad Ahmed , Biswas Pankaj 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) of steel-Al is a very tedious job. Inappropriate welding process parameters can lead to the initiation of inevitable defects associated with dissimilar FSW processes. These can be presented as tunnel defects, void generation, excessive flash formation, and other surface irregularities. Using conventional experimental trials makes it usually challenging to identify such defects. This research adopted an Abaqus/Explicit® framework utilizing a 3D thermo-mechanical based coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) methodology. In order to predict commonly observed defects in the FSW process, the proposed FEM uses the volume of fluid approach. By monitoring the material flow into and out of the computational/void domain, the suggested framework has made it feasible to predict surface, sub-surface, and volumetric defects. Defect formation is studied at a constant tool rotation speed of 875 rpm, welding speed of 90 mm min−1, and tilt angle of 0°. Tilt angles of 0° caused welding joints with a small tunnel defect. Thermal history, axial force variation, and material flow behavior are all strongly aligned with the principle of defect generation. An experimental trial has been conducted to validate the proposed finite element model. The previous analysis found that the average axial force closely matches the welding-related experimental findings with a percentage error of 7.85%. While a proportion error of approximately ∼0.57% was found between the compared numerical and experimental diameters of the pin end-hole defect. Furthermore, the proposed model accurately predicted the process of material flow along the thickness direction of the workpiece. It was seen that the stress generated at the root of the flashes reached a higher value ranging between 485.6 and 582.7 MPa. Finally, a good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental trial was established, showing the robustness of the developed computational FEM technique.
Questioning authority through a scientific inquiry on heliocentrism
Authors: Ng Yee-Hong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present an outline for students to apply the iterative process of scientific inquiry to the study of a few models that describe our Universe. Ultimately, they will falsify some of the models such as the geocentric model, and appreciate why the heliocentric model is the most up-to-date and accepted description of our Universe. As far as possible, emphasis is also placed on allowing students to question authority, to explore alternate explanations, and to challenge well-established conclusions. The approach presented in this paper should help students improve in their critical thinking abilities, and in the process, train them to become the better scientists that we want them to be.