bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging the Systems Engineering Life Cycle Process for Reverse Engineering
Authors: Daily Jeremy , Eddy Amy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSystems kept in service for extended periods may experience issues caused by changes to the original requirements. This can manifest as parts obsolescence issues caused by changes in mission scope, industry regulations, or technology used to support the system. This paper discusses best practices for using a systems engineering life cycle methodology to support reverse engineering processes in structural‐mechanical aerospace/defense products. The concepts herein compare systems engineering methodologies to determine the best approach to identify changes in system requirements in the modern environment. The availability of operational data to inform the process is explored through three case studies of legacy components with requirements changes. Systems engineers that reverse engineer by beginning with existing requirements will fail to resolve complications that contributed to the original issue. Reverse engineering of aging subsystems and components to resolve a parts obsolescence issue warrants a full systems engineering approach beginning with requirements review.
Digital Collaborative Environments: A Digital Engineering Perspective
Authors: Gerstner Brandi , Rodriguez Sami , La Jimmy , Montgomery Calvin , Obenland Jonathan , Peña Jorge 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe systems engineering discipline focuses on managing and coordinating many domains, specialties, and lines of business. It enables the successful creation of new complex systems using rigorous principles and concepts, scientific thinking, technological tools, and management methods. Engineering collaboration occurs when individuals unite in an effort too large or complex for any of them to perform independently. A digital collaborative environment facilitates the sharing, revision, storage, and publication of ideas, documents, and products through digital means. Until recently, efforts to assemble teams to solve the problems of large, complex systems focused primarily on infrastructure: co‐locating teams, integrated modeling environments, efforts to connect tools, and model‐based systems engineering (MBSE). Today new technologies offer opportunities to bring systems engineering collaboration into a new era, one which is cloud‐based, interdisciplinary, secure, and efficient. This paper introduces a framework for understanding the modern digital collaborative environment as well as its current technical limitations.
Why System Models Need the RDS 81346 Reference Model: The key to digital continuity across silos and enterprises
Authors: Balslev Henrik , Barré Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces the ISO/IEC 81346 Standard series which defines a Reference Designation System (RDS). It is used to create a Reference model with unambiguous identifiers representing system breakdowns of systems and their elements in different views called aspects. The relations among the system elements, both inside each aspect as well as across aspects i.e., relations among systems of systems, then gets an unambiguous Reference designation, which is used for Reference purposes. The views are stored in a common Reference model, which holds systems and their elements and their relations for the purpose of being referred to unambiguously from any other representation of a system for example a model. The RDS Reference model thereby offers a discipline neutral model representing a system in its purest form as well as designations which allows for referencing to and from any system in it as well as the system relations within the model.As selected use case, the Digital Design, Manufacturing & Services (DDMS) digitalization project at AIRBUS S.A.S. (Toulouse, France) has started to use RDS since 2017 and share their positive observations and conclusions to support the RDS 81346 Technique in this paper.
Controlling the Digital Engineering Ecosystem: An Elastic Model Governance Guide for the Digital Thread
Authors: Davidz Heidi L. , Orellana Douglas W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs Digital Engineering employs a digital thread with a broad range of interconnected models, it can be difficult to govern linked models across disciplines, organizations, and contractual boundaries. After an introduction to the challenges of model governance, a survey of related literature is provided. An Elastic Model Governance Guide for the digital thread is then described. Key features include: (1) model‐based guidance with in‐model work instructions; (2) integration of the overall Model Governance System, Digital Engineering Environment, individual models, and composite models; (3) scoping of model purpose and resolution of technical debt; (4) automated validation for insight on compliance; (5) customization for flexibility and tailoring. Excerpts from the governance guide are provided and discussed, and next steps are given. Integrating model governance practices with additional mechanisms for flexibility, scalability, and automated validation provides robust control over the Digital Engineering ecosystem to enhance the value delivered to customers.
Agile Insight ‐ Gating Alternatives for Agile Projects
Authors: Rosser Larri Ann 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrent technical oversight approaches (e.g., Stage‐Gate reviews) are not agile – their expectations are not aligned with agile development cadences, and they are not adequately responsive to continuous unpredictable change. These mismatches lead to the (incorrect) assertion that agile projects don't need technical oversight, and to more accurate concerns that current gate reviews do not effectively provide insight into gaps and risk on agile projects. Large complex agile efforts need a light weight, interactive approach to technical oversight that provides insight in the form of good predictive feedback to agile projects with minimal burden of labor on the project and the reviewers. Fixed expectations of how oversight is done, and non‐agile oversight approaches written into contracts and processes impede the evolution of gating for agile projects. This paper explores ways to provide insight and responsive forward looking actionable guidance for agile projects in the context of government and defense programs. It proposes a general oversight approach that produces minimal drag and disruption and keeps pace with agile product development.
A SysML Profile for MIL‐STD‐882E (System Safety)
Authors: Raymond Ross , Hecht Myron 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a profile that extends the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) to support the requirements of MIL‐STD‐882E and facilitate the System Safety process. MIL‐STD‐882E is the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) standard for System Safety Engineering (SSE). It mandates a series of analyses for hazard identification and tracking throughout system development, operation, sustainment, and disposal. These analyses are required to be documented in a series of reports set forth in the standard. For large systems, analyzing the system design and producing the mandated reports requires significant effort with a corresponding cost and resource impact on the overall program. Furthermore, while such analyses should be integrated with the development processes, they are often performed after design decisions are made and without the involvement of the primary development team. The System Safety Profile (SSP) presented here integrates the System Safety process with the design process by translating SSE concepts into structured elements within SysML, including representations of System Safety hazards, risks, mitigations, analysis activities, and the relations between them.
Circulating miR‐222‐3p is associated with ankylosing spondylitis development and predicts therapeutic efficacy of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: Jiang Guohong , Wang Fei , Qi Fuliang , Zhang Ling 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic rheumatic disease, and some microRNAs (miRNAs) in AS have been identified. This study aimed to measure miR‐222‐3p expression in AS patients, investigate the association of miR‐222‐3p with AS disease activity, and explore the clinical value of miR‐222‐3p in diagnosing AS and predicting therapeutic efficacy of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on AS patients. This study included 96 patients with AS, 58 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 90 healthy controls. miR‐222‐3p expression was detected by reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ability of miR‐222‐3p to discriminate between different groups was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The predictive value of miR‐222‐3p on the efficacy of NSAID treatment for AS was assessed by logistic regression analysis. AS patients treated with oral NSAIDs diclofenac sodium were divided into response (n = 76) and no‐response (n = 20) groups after 16 weeks of treatment. miR‐222‐3p in AS patients was higher than that in healthy subjects and RA patients. miR‐222‐3p had high diagnostic value in distinguishing patients with AS from RA patients and healthy controls. miR‐222‐3p, increased in active AS patients, had the ability to screen active AS patients from inactive AS patients. miR‐222‐3p was decreased in the response group, and had high accuracy in predicting the therapeutic efficiency of NSAIDs. The findings indicate that increased miR‐222‐3p in AS patients may function as a diagnostic biomarker for AS, and predictive biomarker for the therapeutic efficacy of NSAIDs in patients with AS. In addition, miR‐222‐3p is associated with AS disease activity.
Interventions to increase vaccine uptake among people who live and work in prisons: A global multistage scoping review
Authors: Moazen Babak , Agbaria Nisreen , Ismail Nasrul , Mazzilli Sara , Klankwarth Ulla‐Britt , Amaya Arianna , Rosello Alicia , D'Arcy Jemima , Plugge Emma , Stöver Heino , Tavoschi Lara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine interventions implemented to increase vaccine uptake among people who live and work in prisons around the world. Peer‐reviewed and gray literature databases were searched systematically to identify relevant information published from 2012 to 2022. Publications were evaluated by two researchers independently and underwent quality assessment through established tools. Of the 11,281 publications identified through peer‐reviewed (2607) and gray literature (8674) search, 17 met the inclusion criteria. In light of limited data, the identified interventions were categorized into two categories of educational and organizational interventions, and are discussed in the text. The lack of availability of vaccination services and interventions to increase vaccine uptake among people who live and work in prisons, worldwide, is a serious public health concern. These interventions reported in this review can be adapted and adopted to mitigate the burden of infectious diseases among people who live and work in prisons.
PTK2 promotes uveal melanoma metastasis by activating epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Luo Pu , Duan Jingjing , Chen Qiong , Shao Ling , Xiao Wen , Liu Xunqi , Zhang Gengwei , Tan Xiaohua , Fan Zhongyi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults. More than half of UM cases develop distant metastasis to the liver, lung, bone, and other organs, which frequently results in patient death. However, the mechanisms underlying UM metastasis remain largely unknown. Here, we report that protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2), a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase also known as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), was overexpressed in most examined UM specimens. Furthermore, we identified PTK2 expression as a novel independent risk factor that predicts poor prognosis of UM patients. Mechanistic studies revealed that PTK2 promotes the EMT phenotype, leading to metastasis of UM cells. We showed that PTK2, located on chromosome 8q, is a functional gene of chromosome 8q gain to UM metastasis, which may represent the molecular mechanism for the aberrant expression and activation of PTK2 in UM. Our data reveal a novel role and mechanism of PTK2 in the metastatic process of UM, suggesting PTK2 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for UM metastasis and a promising therapeutic target for UM treatment.
Achieving comparability in glycemic control between antidiabetic treatment strategies in pregnancy when using real world data
Authors: Cesta Carolyn E. , Hernández‐Díaz Sonia , Huybrechts Krista F. , Bateman Brian T. , Vine Seanna , Seely Ellen W. , Patorno Elisabetta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeHealthcare utilization databases often lack information on glycemic control, a key confounder when studying the safety of antidiabetic treatments, since patients with worse control are channeled to second‐line agents, in particular insulin, versus first‐line agents such as metformin. We evaluated whether adjustment for measured characteristics attains balance in glycemic control when comparing antidiabetic treatment strategies in pregnant women with pregestational type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsIn a US insurance claims database, we identified 3360 women with T2DM pregnant between 2004 and 2015, of whom a subset of 996 had data on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. We selected insulin only as the comparator group and used propensity score (PS)‐matching on comorbidities and proxies of diabetes severity, but not on HbA1c, to adjust for confounding. We used standardized differences (st.diff) to assess balance in claims‐based covariates and mean HbA1c (% ± SD) in the subset.ResultsThere were imbalances in claims‐based covariates before PS‐matching, with smaller differences when both treatment strategies included insulin. After PS‐matching, balance was achieved in most claims‐based covariates (st.diff <0.1). Mean HbA1c was similar before and after PS‐matching when both treatments included insulin (e.g., 7.1 ± 1.5 vs. 7.7 ± 1.8 and 7.1 ± 1.5 vs. 7.5 ± 1.7, respectively, for metformin + insulin vs. insulin only). Differences in mean HbA1c remained after PS‐matching when non‐insulin treatments were compared to treatments including insulin (e.g., 6.3 ± 1.1 vs. 7.6 ± 1.7 for metformin only vs. insulin only).ConclusionsBalance in both claims‐based characteristics and glycemic control was attained after restricting the population to women with T2DM and comparing treatment strategies indicated for patients with similar diabetes severity. When comparing treatment strategies with versus without insulin, differences in glycemic control persisted after PS‐matching even when balance was attained for other measured characteristics.
Transient thrust behavior of low‐aspect‐ratio rocket propulsion systems**
Authors: Zanjani Aref , Tahsini Amir Mahdi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, the transient thrust force of the solid propellant rocket motor is numerically computed to illustrate the shortcomings of the common thrust formula in transient periods of operation. The internal ballistics of the solid rocket motor is simulated using the quasi one‐dimensional governing equations in which the finite volume method and the Roe′s scheme are utilized in calculation procedure. This is demonstrated that in transient operation of the propulsion systems, the common thrust formula may ignore some parts of physical phenomena because it has been derived based on steady state assumption, but there are some moving waves in transient operation in the combustion chamber which induce the fluctuations on the thrust force. So, the thrust‐time history must be computed by pressure force integration over the whole solid boundaries of the motor at any instant. The results show that such transient thrust behavior is more intense in low aspect ratio propulsion systems like small space thrusters.
Z‐Scheme TiO2/g‐C3N4 Activation of Peroxymonosulfate to Remove Organic Pollutants: Properties and Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Ren Xuechang , Yang Linhai , Wang Huijuan , Chen Juxiang , Li Jinhui , Wang Rong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTiO2/g‐C3N4 hybrids (TCNs) were constructed by an ammonium salt‐assisted hydrothermal‐high temperature calcination method and used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade multiple simulated pollutants. The Z‐scheme heterojunction between TiO2 and g‐C3N4 can effectively promote the separation of electron‐hole pairs and improve the photocatalytic activation effect of TCN. The degradation efficiency of RhB in the TCN1/PMS system was 92.3 %, which was only 59.8 % and 63.2 % in g‐C3N4 /PMS the g‐C3 N4/PMS system and TiO2/PMS system, respectively, after 60 min of reaction under sunlight. The TCN1‐4 sample prepared by adding (NH4)2SO4 into the precursor of TCN1 has a higher specific surface area (116.44 m2/g), which provides a better photocatalytic activation effect on PMS: the degradation efficiency of RhB in the TCN1‐4/PMS system can reach 93.9 % after 30 min, which was similar to that of the TCN1/PMS system after 60 min (92.3 %), and the reaction efficiency was doubled. Radical quenching experiments showed that free radicals (⋅OH, SO4⋅−, ⋅O2−), nonradicals (1O2) and h+ existed in the TCN1‐4/PMS reaction system.
Preparation a Magnetic Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Specific Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Pollutants
Authors: Öter Çiğdem 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAmoxicillin (AMX) is an antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial and respiratory diseases in humans and animals. In this study, magnetically imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were successfully synthesized and characterized by the surface imprinting method to selectively separate AMX from an aqueous medium. The suitability of kinetic models and isothermal models for the adsorption of AMX from aqueous solutions using magnetic polymers was compared with an unprinted reference polymer (MNIP). The obtained data showed that the adsorption process is compatible with the pseudo‐second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. In addition, adsorption selectivity experiments were performed and it was found that the MMIPs exhibited excellent selective adsorption capacity for AMX. The MMIPs possessed an adsorption capacity of 134 mg/g for AMX and the imprinting factor was 2.23. The MMIPs were also recyclable and retained 86 % of their adsorption capacity after 7 cycles. Based on these results, the study provides a sustainable option in terms of high added value, environmentally friendly, flexible, safe, energy efficient and cost effective in terms of effective removal of pollutants and recycling of adsorbents.
Coacervate Droplets for Synthetic Cells
Authors: Lin Zi , Beneyton Thomas , Baret Jean‐Christophe , Martin Nicolas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe design and construction of synthetic cells – human‐made microcompartments that mimic features of living cells – have experienced a real boom in the past decade. While many efforts have been geared toward assembling membrane‐bounded compartments, coacervate droplets produced by liquid–liquid phase separation have emerged as an alternative membrane‐free compartmentalization paradigm. Here, the dual role of coacervate droplets in synthetic cell research is discussed: encapsulated within membrane‐enclosed compartments, coacervates act as surrogates of membraneless organelles ubiquitously found in living cells; alternatively, they can be viewed as crowded cytosol‐like chassis for constructing integrated synthetic cells. After introducing key concepts of coacervation and illustrating the chemical diversity of coacervate systems, their physicochemical properties and resulting bioinspired functions are emphasized. Moving from suspensions of free floating coacervates, the two nascent roles of these droplets in synthetic cell research are highlighted: organelle‐like modules and cytosol‐like templates. Building the discussion on recent studies from the literature, the potential of coacervate droplets to assemble integrated synthetic cells capable of multiple life‐inspired functions is showcased. Future challenges that are still to be tackled in the field are finally discussed.
RETRACTED: NIK‐mediated reactivation of SIX2 enhanced the CSC‐like traits of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through suppressing ubiquitin–proteasome system
Authors: Daren Liu , Dan Ye , Jinhong Wu , Chao Li 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe critical roles of NF‐κB Inducing Kinase (NIK) in tumor progression have been elucidated in various tumors; however, its effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression are still confusing. Here, we found that NIK level was upregulated in HCC tissues compared to that of normal tissues, and positively correlated with the levels of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. Then we established HCC cells with NIK‐stable knockdown and found that NIK knockdown suppressed the CSC—like traits of HCC cells through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Mechanistically, we revealed that SIX2 protein level, but not its mRNA level, was significantly reduced in HCC cells with NIK knockdown, which was rescued by MG132 treatment. Furthermore, NIK knockdown promoted the ubiquitination level of SIX2 and decreased its protein stability. Moreover, Six2 overexpression partially reversed the inhibition of NIK knockdown on the CSC‐like traits of HCC cells. This study identified a novel NIK/SIX2 axis conferring HCC stemness.
The role of a cryocompression device following total knee arthroplasty to assist in recovery: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marinova Mira , Sundaram Abayasankar , Holtham Katie , Ebert Jay R. , Wysocki David , Meyerkort Daniel , Radic Ross 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeThe study sought to investigate the effectiveness of a cryocompression Game Ready™ (GR) versus usual care protocol (UC) on early post‐operative recovery following total knee arthroplasty.MethodsThis study prospectively randomised 72 total knee arthroplasties to a 2‐week (from day 0) intervention of GR treatment (n = 36, 63.9% females) or UC of ice with static compression (n = 36, 45.7% females). Knee flexion and extension range of motion (ROM), a visual analogue pain scale and limb circumference were documented at day 1, 2 and 14, as well as 6 weeks post‐surgery. Medication usage and length of hospital stay were documented. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and a Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire. Statistical analysis using linear mixed modelling and analysis of variance table with Satterthwaite's method were used along with two‐tailed t‐tests.ResultsThere were no significant group‐by‐time interactions regarding any of the outcomes. The GR group had 19% lost to follow‐up at 2 weeks, while the UC group had 8%. The GR group demonstrated significantly better knee extension ROM at day 1 (p = 0.048) and day 14 (p = 0.007) compared with the UC group. There were no group differences (n.s.) observed in pain, flexion ROM, limb circumference, opioid use or PROMs. Overall, higher pain levels resulted in increased opioid intake (p = 0.002), older patients used significantly less opioids (p < 0.001) and males reported significantly less pain than females (p = 0.048). No adverse effects were observed due to either protocol.ConclusionDespite patients gaining significantly more knee extension during the initial two‐week intervention period when using GR compared to UC, this effect was likely due to chance. No further significant differences were observed between the groups during or after cession of the intervention.Level of evidenceLevel 2.