bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic demyelination of rabbit lesions is attributable to failed oligodendrocyte progenitor cell repopulation
Authors: Cooper James J. M. , Polanco Jessie J. , Saraswat Darpan , Peirick Jennifer J. , Seidl Anna , Li Yi , Ma Dan , Sim Fraser J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe failure of remyelination in the human CNS contributes to axonal injury and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). In contrast to regions of chronic demyelination in the human brain, remyelination in murine models is preceded by abundant oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) repopulation, such that OPC density within regions of demyelination far exceeds that of normal white matter (NWM). As such, we hypothesized that efficient OPC repopulation was a prerequisite of successful remyelination, and that increased lesion volume may contribute to the failure of OPC repopulation in human brain. In this study, we characterized the pattern of OPC activation and proliferation following induction of lysolecithin‐induced chronic demyelination in adult rabbits. The density of OPCs never exceeded that of NWM and oligodendrocyte density did not recover even at 6 months post‐injection. Rabbit OPC recruitment in large lesions was further characterized by chronic Sox2 expression in OPCs located in the lesion core and upregulation of quiescence‐associated Prrx1 mRNA at the lesion border. Surprisingly, when small rabbit lesions of equivalent size to mouse were induced, they too exhibited reduced OPC repopulation. However, small lesions were distinct from large lesions as they displayed an almost complete lack of OPC proliferation following demyelination. These differences in the response to demyelination suggest that both volume dependent and species‐specific mechanisms are critical in the regulation of OPC proliferation and lesion repopulation and suggest that alternate models will be necessary to fully understand the mechanisms that contribute to failed remyelination in MS.
Deciding with Others: Interdependent Decision‐Making
Authors: Largent Emily A. , Clapp Justin , Blumenthal‐Barby Jennifer S. , Grady Christine , McGuire Amy L. , Karlawish Jason , Grill Joshua D. , Stites Shana D. , Peterson Andrew 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOver the course of human life, health care decision‐making is often interdependent. In this article, we use “interdependence” to refer to patients’ engagement of nonclinicians—for example, family members or trusted friends—to reach health care decisions. Interdependence, we suggest, is common for patients in all stages of life, from early childhood to late adulthood. This view contrasts with the common bioethical assumption that medical decisions are either wholly independent or dependent and that independence or dependence is tightly coupled with a person's decision‐making capacity. In this article, we array various approaches to decision‐making along a continuum of interdependence. An appreciation of this continuum can empower patients and elucidate ethical challenges that arise when people transition between different kinds of interdependence across the life span.
Development of a soil exposure assessment for plant protection products in Brazil: Requirements, options, and recommendations
Authors: Mackay Neil , Cione Ana , Hammel Klaus , Jene Bernhard , Tincani Flavio , Spickermann Gregor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Brazilian Environmental Authority (IBAMA) has recently identified soil organisms as a priority area for risk assessment development for plant protection products. This includes consideration of which species in soil fauna are important to be tested for risk assessment purposes, which ecotoxicological tests should be used, and which exposure models would be suitable, considering Brazilian soils, local agricultural practices, and local biodiversity. In this brief communication, we present proposals and recommendations for the selection of appropriate regulatory exposure assessment techniques to support initial or foundation tier assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:862–869. © 2022 FMC Corporation, Syngenta, Adama, Bayer AG, BASF SE. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Magnetoresistive Single‐Molecule Junctions: the Role of the Spinterface and the CISS Effect
Authors: Aragonès Albert C. , Aravena Daniel , Ugalde Jesús M. , Medina Ernesto , Gutierrez Rafael , Ruiz Eliseo , Mujica Vladimiro , Díez‐Pérez Ismael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis review is an effort in putting together the latest results about room‐temperature magnetoresistive (MR) effects in nanoscale/single‐molecule electronic devices consisting of one (few) molecule(s) placed in electrical contact between two nanoscale electrodes. Molecules represent powerful building blocks for developing state‐of‐the‐art MR devices, as they bring long spin relaxation timescales, low cost and high tunability of their electrical and magnetic properties via chemical modifications. The capability to control at room temperature and under bespoke electrodes’ magnetization the MR response of a single‐molecule (SM) device has been a longstanding quest. Such SM platforms could serve as fundamental tools to understand what the main mechanistic ingredients of MR effects in a molecular device are, leading to their use as building‐blocks for miniaturization in spintronic applications. The work carried out so far in this field has identified two key components directly involved in the MR response of a single(few)‐molecule(s) device: (i) The molecule|electrode spinterface, defining the interplay between interfacial electrostatics and spin density, has been proven to play a fundamental role in the interpretation of the observed single‐molecule junction's MR effects, which is governed by the electrode material and the electrode‐molecule chemistry. (ii) Two aspects of the molecular structure have been demonstrated to be involved in the spin‐dependent conduction mechanism: (1) the presence of paramagnetic metal centres in the molecular structure and how their orbitals bearing the unpaired electrons couple with the device electrodes, and (2), the degree of chirality within the molecular wire. This contribution will focus on the above points (i‐ii) by making use of specific examples in the literature.
Multi‐planar 3D knee MRI segmentation via UNet inspired architectures
Authors: Sengar Sandeep Singh , Meulengracht Christopher , Boesen Mikael Ploug , Overgaard Anders Føhrby , Gudbergsen Henrik , Nybing Janus Damm , Perslev Mathias , Dam Erik Bjørnager 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe UNet has become the golden standard method for the segmentation of 2D medical images that any new method must be validated against. In recent years, a number of variations to the seminal UNet have been proposed with promising results in the papers introducing them. However, there is no clear consensus if any of these architectures generalize as well and the UNet currently remains the methodological golden standard. For the segmentation of 3D scans, UNet‐inspired methods are also dominant, but there is a larger variety across applications. By evaluating the architectures in a different dimensionality, embedded in a different method, and for a different task, we aimed to evaluate if any of these UNet alternatives are promising as a new golden standard that generalizes even better than the UNet. The purpose of this study was to compare UNet inspired models for generalized 3D segmentation. To efficiently segment the 3D scans, we employed each UNet variant architecture as the central 2D segmentation core in the multi‐planar UNet 3D segmentation method that previously demonstrated excellent generalization in the MICCAI Segmentation Decathlon. It would strongly support a claim of generalizability, if a promising UNet‐variant consistently outperforms the UNet in this quite different setting. The experimental results show that the multi‐planar‐based UNet2+ (MPUNet2+) method outperforms other variants including the original multi‐planar UNet (MPUNet).
Inhibition of autophagy reduces the rate of fluoride‐induced LS8 apoptosis via regulating ATG5 and ATG7
Authors: Zhao Lin , Wang Han , Liu Sijia , Xi Tao , Wang Liyuan , Li Yang , Chen Lu , Jianping Ruan , Liang Kristina Xiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExcessive fluoride affects ameloblast differentiation and tooth development. The fate of fluorinated ameloblasts is determined by multiple signaling pathways in response to a range of stimuli. Both autophagy and apoptosis are involved in the regulation of dental fluorosis as well as in protein synthesis and enamel mineralization. Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy and apoptosis are interconnected and that their interaction greatly influences cell death. However, the effect of autophagy on apoptosis in fluoride‐treated ameloblasts is unclear. Here, we employed an in vitro cellular model of fluorosis in mouse ameloblast‐like LS8 cells and induced autophagy using sodium fluoride (NaF). Our findings suggest that NaF treatment induces autophagy in LS8 cells, and ATG5 and ATG7 are important molecules involved in this process. We also showed that NaF treatment reduced cell viability in Atg5/7 siRNA and autophagy inhibitor‐treated LS8 cells. More importantly, NaF‐induced apoptosis can be reversed by inhibiting early stage of autophagy. In conclusion, our study shows that autophagy is closely related to dental fluorosis, and inhibition of autophagy, especially ATG5/7, reduces fluoride‐induced cell death and apoptosis.
TGFβ+ small extracellular vesicles from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells reprogram macrophages towards a pro‐angiogenic phenotype
Authors: Ludwig Nils , Yerneni Saigopalakrishna S. , Azambuja Juliana H. , Pietrowska Monika , Widłak Piotr , Hinck Cynthia S. , Głuszko Alicja , Szczepański Mirosław J. , Kärmer Teresa , Kallinger Isabella , Schulz Daniela , Bauer Richard J. , Spanier Gerrit , Spoerl Steffen , Meier Johannes K. , Ettl Tobias , Razzo Beatrice M. , Reichert Torsten E. , Hinck Andrew P. , Whiteside Theresa L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a major component of tumor‐derived small extracellular vesicles (TEX) in cancer patients. Mechanisms utilized by TGFβ+ TEX to promote tumor growth and pro‐tumor activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are largely unknown. TEX produced by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines carried TGFβ and angiogenesis‐promoting proteins. TGFβ+ TEX stimulated macrophage chemotaxis without a notable M1/M2 phenotype shift and reprogrammed primary human macrophages to a pro‐angiogenic phenotype characterized by the upregulation of pro‐angiogenic factors and functions. In a murine basement membrane extract plug model, TGFβ+ TEX promoted macrophage infiltration and vascularization (p < 0.001), which was blocked by using the TGFβ ligand trap mRER (p < 0.001). TGFβ+ TEX injected into mice undergoing the 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4‐NQO)‐driven oral carcinogenesis promoted tumor angiogenesis (p < 0.05), infiltration of M2‐like macrophages in the TME (p < 0.05) and ultimately tumor progression (p < 0.05). Inhibition of TGFβ signaling in TEX with mRER ameliorated these pro‐tumor activities. Silencing of TGFβ emerges as a critical step in suppressing pro‐angiogenic functions of TEX in HNSCC.
Genetic counseling students' use of patient‐centered communication skills predicts standardized patient satisfaction during virtual simulated sessions
Authors: Lowe Chenery , Roter Debra L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCommunication is essential to effective genetic counseling, but few studies have systematically evaluated methods of assessing communication skills among genetic counseling trainees. The study's objective is to compare the strength of associations between standardized patient (SP) satisfaction with simulated genetic counseling sessions and student skill use during the sessions, as reported by SPs and students. We hypothesized that (1) Both SP‐ and student‐reported skill use will be significantly associated with SP satisfaction ratings during the baseline simulation and (2): SP ratings of student skill use will show a stronger relationship to SP satisfaction than student self‐rating of skill use. Sixty genetic counseling students and recent graduates (referred to as “students”) from accredited U.S. and Canadian programs participated in the study and completed a baseline virtual‐simulated genetic counseling session. Both students and SPs completed post‐session questionnaires about communication skill use (a 22‐item checklist) and SPs completed a satisfaction questionnaire based on the session (a 14‐item Likert scale). Multilevel regression models assessed associations between SP satisfaction during the baseline session and SP‐ or student‐reported skill use. SP satisfaction was significantly associated with skill use reported by both SPs and students, but the model based on SP report explained a higher proportion of the variance in SP satisfaction than student‐reported skill use (SP model fixed effects R2 = 27%, adjusted R2 = 21%; vs. student model R2 = 7%, adjusted R2 = −2%). For both the SP and student models, use of more skills from the LISTEN domain (which focused on eliciting the patient's perspective) was associated with higher SP satisfaction, while other skill category domains were not. These findings support the SP satisfaction measure as sensitive to variation in student performance of key communication skills, especially those eliciting the patient's perspective. Moreover, SP assessment of session satisfaction can be a useful assessment of student communication performance and a meaningful proxy for actual patient satisfaction.
Comparative embryology of Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale), Balaena mysticetus (bowhead whale), and Stenella attenuata (pan‐tropical spotted dolphin) (Cetacea: Mammalia)
Authors: Gavazzi Lia , Cooper Lisa N. , Usip Sharon , Suydam Robert , Stimmelmayr Raphaela , George John C. , O'Corry‐Crowe Greg , Hsu Chih‐Wei , Thewissen Johannes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEmbryogenesis of cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises) is best known in Stenella attenuata, the pan‐tropical spotted dolphin, based on a remarkably complete and well‐studied prenatal ontogenetic series. Our study expands understanding of cetacean embryology by adding two additional cetacean taxa: the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas, Odontoceti), and the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus, Mysticeti). We identify key features that characterize these taxa at specific stages and highlight heterochrony between the odontocetes and mysticetes. The toothed whales are more similar in developmental timing to each other than either is to Balaena. The two odontocete taxa, Stenella and Delphinapterus, share similar developmental trajectories while early Balaena specimens differ from the odontocetes. This developmental variation proves challenging to ascribe to the existing Carnegie staging system. Most notably, flippers, hindlimbs, and flukes all provide morphological traits for characterization within the Carnegie staging system. A presomitic Delphinapterus embryo is also described. This study applies the Carnegie staging system to two more cetacean taxa and forms a framework for future research on cetacean developmental genetics and the modeling of fetal growth.
Bone abnormalities in the middle Anisian marine sauropsids from Winterswijk
Authors: Surmik Dawid , Szczygielski Tomasz , Słowiak‐Morkovina Justyna , Sander Martin , Rothschild Bruce , Duda Piotr , Klein Nicole 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile the occurrence of skeletal pathologies in Middle Triassic marine reptiles has been poorly documented until now, massive accumulations of bone remains from the Germanic Basin provide the opportunities for documentation. Herein, we describe skeletal abnormalities in the Middle Triassic bone material from the Vossenveld Formation of Winterswijk, the Netherlands. The aim of the study is to distinguish in the studied bones pathologies resulting from malady or trauma and taphonomic alterations. Furthermore, an attempt was made to assess on how the pathologies also represent paleoecological data. Our survey led to the identification of one broken and healed bone, one case of abnormal coossification, and one case of posttraumatic fibro‐osseous dysplasia. While the latter two pathologies give little insight into the ecology and function of the affected animals, the fractured dentary is attributed to Nothosaurus marchicus, a common sauropterygian macropredator. It proves that the individual survived long enough to heal, despite the injury hampering its hunting potential. One abnormally shaped humerus is interpreted as postmortem taphonomic deformation, emphasizing the necessity of utilization of detailed diagnostics to distinguish actual paleopathologies from nonbiological distortion.
Review of individualized current flow modeling studies for transcranial electrical stimulation
Authors: Hunold Alexander , Haueisen Jens , Nees Frauke , Moliadze Vera 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is substantial intersubject variability of behavioral and neurophysiological responses to transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), which represents one of the most important limitations of tES. Many tES protocols utilize a fixed experimental parameter set disregarding individual anatomical and physiological properties. This one‐size‐fits‐all approach might be one reason for the observed interindividual response variability. Simulation of current flow applying head models based on available anatomical data can help to individualize stimulation parameters and contribute to the understanding of the causes of this response variability. Current flow modeling can be used to retrospectively investigate the characteristics of tES effectivity. Previous studies examined, for example, the impact of skull defects and lesions on the modulation of current flow and demonstrated effective stimulation intensities in different age groups. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis of electrical conductivities in current flow modeling indicated the most influential tissue compartments. Current flow modeling, when used in prospective study planning, can potentially guide stimulation configurations resulting in individually effective tES. Specifically, current flow modeling using individual or matched head models can be employed by clinicians and scientists to, for example, plan dosage in tES protocols for individuals or groups of participants. We review studies that show a relationship between the presence of behavioral/neurophysiological responses and features derived from individualized current flow models. We highlight the potential benefits of individualized current flow modeling.
Complete genome sequence of Bacillus Licheniformis NWMCC0046, a candidate for the laundry industry
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zeng Songyu , Yu Jinfeng , Xiang Jun , Zhang Fumei , Takriff Mohd S. , Ding Gongtao , Ma Zhongren , Zhou Xueyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, selected properties of protease and the complete genome sequence of Bacillus licheniformis NWMCC0046 were investigated, to discover laundry applications and other potential probiotic properties of this strain. Partial characterization of B. licheniformis NWMCC0046 showed that its protease has good activity both in alkaline environments and at low temperatures. Also, the protease is compatible with commercial detergents and can be used as a detergent additive for effective stain removal at low temperatures. The complete genome sequence of B. licheniformis NWMCC0046 is comprised of a 4,321,565 bp linear chromosome with a G + C content of 46.78% and no plasmids. It had 4504 protein‐encoding genes, 81 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 24 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Genomic analysis revealed genes involved in exocellular enzyme production and probiotic properties. In addition, genomic sequence analysis revealed specific genes encoding carbohydrate metabolism pathways, resistance, and cold adaptation capacity. Overall, protease properties show its potential as a detergent additive enzyme. The complete genome sequence information of B. licheniformis NWMCC0046 was obtained, and functional prediction revealed its numerous probiotic properties.
Association between surveillance imaging and survival outcomes in small bowel neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Watanabe Akie , Mckendry Geoffrey , Yip Lily , Loree Jonathan M. , Stuart Heather C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurveillance guidelines following the resection of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SB‐NETs) are inconsistent. We evaluated the impact of surveillance imaging on SB‐NET recurrence and overall survival (OS).MethodsPatients with completely resected SB‐NETs referred to a provincial cancer center (2004–2015) were reviewed. Associations between imaging frequency, recurrence, post‐recurrence treatment, and OS were determined using univariate and Cox‐regression analyses.ResultsAmong 195 completely resected SB‐NET patients, 31% were ≥70 years, 43% were female, and 80% had grade 1 disease. Imaging frequency was predictive of recurrence (hazard ratio 2.52, 95% confidence interval 1.84–3.46, p < 0.001). 72% underwent interventions for recurrent disease. Patients who were treated for the recurrent disease had comparable OS to those who did not recur (median 152 vs. 164 months; p = 0.25). Imaging frequency was not associated with OS in those with treated recurrent disease (p = 0.65). Patients who recurred underwent more computerized tomography (CT) scans than those who did not recur (CT: 1.47 ± 0.89 vs. 1.02 ± 0.81 scans/year, p < 0.001). Detection of disease recurrence was 5%–7% per year during the first 6 years of surveillance and peaked at 17% in Year 9.ConclusionLess frequent imaging over a longer duration should be emphasized to capture clinically relevant recurrences that can be treated to improve OS.
Temperature‐dependent kinetics of the reactions of CH2OO with acetone, biacetyl, and acetylacetone
Authors: Cornwell Zachary A. , Enders Jonas J. , Harrison Aaron W. , Murray Craig 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTemperature‐dependent rate constants for the reactions of CH2OO with acetone (Ac), biacetyl (BiAc), and acetylacetone (AcAc) have been measured over the range 275–335 K using a flash photolysis, transient absorption spectroscopy technique. The measurements were performed at a total pressure of ∼80 Torr in N2 bath gas, which corresponds to the high‐pressure limit for these reactions. All three reactions show linear Arrhenius plots with negative temperature dependences. Rate constants increase in the order Ac < AcAc « BiAc across the temperature range; at 295 K the rate constants are kAc = (4.8 ± 0.4) × 10–13 cm3 s–1, kAcAc = (8.0 ± 0.7) × 10–13 cm3 s–1, and kBiAc = (1.10 ± 0.09) × 10–11 cm3 s–1. Sensitivity to temperature, characterized by the magnitude of the negative activation energy, increases in the order AcAc < BiAc < Ac (Ea/R values of –1830 ± 170 K, –1260 ± 170 K, and –460 ± 180 K, respectively). CBS‐QB3 calculations show that the Ac and BiAc reactions proceed via formation of an entrance channel complex followed by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition to form secondary ozonide products via a submerged transition state. For the BiAc reaction, the rate limiting step appears to be rearrangement of a long‐range van der Waals complex into the short‐range complex that subsequently leads directly to the cycloaddition transition state with a very low energy barrier. The calculations show that two reaction pathways are competitive for AcAc with nearly identical transition state free energies (ΔG° = +10.1 kcal mol–1 at 298 K) found for cycloaddition at the C=O and at the C=C site of the dominant enolone tautomer. The weak temperature dependence observed is likely due to competition between these pathways.