bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The antioxidant activity, preliminary phytochemical screening of Zingiber zerumbet and antimicrobial efficacy against selective endodontic bacteria
Authors: Assiry Ali A. , Ahmed Naveed , Almuaddi Abdulmajeed , Saif Ahmed , Alshahrani Mohammed Abdulrahman , Mohamed Roshan Noor , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is rising across the world. For a very long time, bitter ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) has been used as one of the most popular herbal remedies to treat a wide range of common diseases. Ginger has been shown to have antioxidant and antibacterial activity. It has various bioactive chemicals that might be utilized as an alternative treatment option for many infectious diseases. The present study aimed to examine the biochemical profile of ginger, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity against selective endodontic microbes. Antioxidant was measured using DPPH and antibacterial activity was performed using disk diffusion tests. Streptococcus mutants, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. were tested for antibacterial activity. Before evaluating the dried extracts, all solvents were eliminated using rotary evaporation. The obtained IC50 value revealed that ethanol extract had the greatest antioxidant activity. Concerning each bacterium, the plant extracts demonstrated considerable antibacterial activity (p = .001). Ethanol extracts showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the studied microorganisms. This study highlights that the Zingiber zerumbet (Z. zerumbet) is a strong antibacterial herb against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) gram‐positive bacteria. It may also be employed as a possible natural antioxidant source.
Curcumin protects against bisphenol A‐induced hepatic steatosis by inhibiting cholesterol absorption and synthesis in CD‐1 mice
Authors: Hong Ting , Zou Jun , Yang Jie , Liu Hao , Cao Zhuo , He Youming , Feng Dan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCurcumin is a polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of turmeric, and our previous research showed that curcumin inhibited cholesterol absorption and had cholesterol‐lowering effect. Bisphenol A (BPA), a common plasticizer, is widely used in the manufacture of food packaging and is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesized that curcumin could protect against BPA‐induced hepatic steatosis by inhibiting cholesterol absorption and synthesis. Male CD‐1 mice fed BPA‐contaminated diet with or without curcumin for 24 weeks were used to test our hypothesis. We found that chronic low‐dose BPA exposure significantly increased the levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and the contents of liver TG and TC, resulting in liver fat accumulation and hepatic steatosis while curcumin supplementation could alleviate BPA‐induced dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, the anti‐steatosis and cholesterol‐lowering effects of curcumin against BPA coincided with a significant reduction in intestinal cholesterol absorption and liver cholesterol synthesis, which was modulated by suppressing the expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐2 (SREBP‐2), Niemann–Pick C1‐like 1 (NPC1L1), and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in the small intestine and liver. In addition, the expression levels of liver lipogenic genes such as liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), SREBP‐1c, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and ACC2 were also markedly down‐regulated by curcumin. Overall, our findings indicated that curcumin inhibited BPA‐induced intestinal cholesterol absorption and liver cholesterol synthesis by suppressing SREBP‐2, NPC1L1, and HMGCR expression, subsequently reducing liver cholesterol accumulation and fat synthesis, thereby preventing hepatic steatosis and NAFLD.
New horizons in emotional well‐being and brain aging: Potential lessons from cross‐species research
Authors: Lin Feng Vankee , Zuo Yi , Conwell Yeates , Wang Kuan Hong 
Published: June 2023

Key pointsEmotional wellbeing (EWB) is a multi‐faceted concept of immediate relevance to human health.NEW Brain Aging Center focuses on mechanistic understanding of EWB in relation to brain aging.A reactivity and reappraisal model can serve the understanding of EWB and its age‐related changes.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on nasopharyngeal carcinoma extent at FDG PET/MR staging: The NPCOVIPET study
Authors: Cao Caineng , Xu Yuanfan , Qiang Mengyun , Tao Changjuan , Huang Shuang , Wang Lei , Chen Xiaozhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on disease extent in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using 18 fuorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included biopsy‐proven, newly diagnosed NPC patients using whole‐body FDG PET/MR staging in two selected intervals: 1 May 2017 to 31 January 2020 (Group A, the pre‐COVID‐19 period), and 1 February 2020 to 30 June 2021 (Group B, the COVID‐19 period).ResultsThree‐hundred and ninety patients were included. No significant difference was observed in terms of T classification, N classification, overall stage, N stations, and M stations between the two groups (p > 0.05). For the involved neck node levels, more patients had developed level Vc metastasis in the group B (p = 0.044).ConclusionAlthough the overall stage was not affected, more patients with NPC had developed level Vc metastasis in the era of COVID‐19.
Early granulocyte colony stimulating factor administration increases the risk of cytokine release syndrome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients receiving anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy
Authors: Cao Manxiong , Han Shi , Qiu Yingqi , Zhou Lijuan , Su Yongzhong , Tu Sanfang , Li Yuhua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and neutropenia are common toxicities associated with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy. The role of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) in CAR‐T‐cell‐treated patients remains unclear. To explore the efficacy and safety of early G‐CSF administration in patients with relapsed/refractory B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B‐ALL) who were receiving autologous anti‐CD19 CAR‐T cells, we retrospectively collected and summarized clinical data to compare patients receiving G‐CSF within 14 days (early G‐CSF group) to patients receiving later or no G‐CSF (control group) after their CART infusion. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence and duration of neutropenia between the early G‐CSF group and the control group (77% vs. 63%, p = 0.65; 8 vs. 4 days, p = 0.37, respectively). However, the incidence and duration of CRS were significantly higher in the early G‐CSF group than in the control group (81% vs. 38%, p = 0.03; 3 vs. 0 days, p = 0.004, respectively). Moreover, early G‐CSF application had no significant effect on the expansion and efficacy of CAR‐T cells. In conclusion, our study suggested that early G‐CSF administration did not reduce the incidence and duration of neutropenia but rather increased the incidence and duration of CRS.
Pharmacies' income and its effective factors in Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bayati Mohsen , Gholami Ahmad , Emadi Mehrnoosh , Goudarzi Zahra , Keshavarz Khosro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeFinancial assessment of pharmacies and the factors affecting it is an important issue in health system and pharmaceutical industry. The present study aimed to analyze the revenue of pharmacies in Iran and the factors affecting it.MethodsIn the present study revenue data of all active pharmacies in Shiraz in 2018 (n = 298) were gathered using a checklist. Descriptive statistics, mean difference test, correlation, and regression analysis were performed for statistical evaluation. Heteroskedasticity and multicollinearity also were checked. Stata 15 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsAverage monthly income of the pharmacies was $82,879 USD (SD = 30,635). The monthly revenue of 24 h pharmacies was about $6560 higher than that of the daily pharmacies. The pharmacies founded by non‐pharmacists made about $44,038 more than others, and the pharmacies located on main streets earned over $84,247 more than the ones located on side streets. Besides, the pharmacies inside or near hospitals, clinics, or physician buildings made more money than others. Correlation analysis also showed that the pharmacies' working years, the number of adjacent pharmacies, the number of OTC prescriptions, and the number of staff working at the cosmetics counters had a positive relationship with the pharmacies' income.ConclusionsFinal findings indicated that 24 h pharmacies, pharmacies located on main streets, the ones located in hospitals or private clinics and physician buildings, pharmacies with more OTC prescriptions, and the ones with a larger number of employees in the cosmetics departments had higher monthly revenues.
Deubiquitinase USP9X loss sensitizes renal cancer cells to mTOR inhibition
Authors: Roldán‐Romero Juan M. , Valdivia Carlos , Santos Maria , Lanillos Javier , Maroto Pablo , Anguera Georgia , Calsina Bruna , Martinez‐Montes Angel , Monteagudo María , Mellid Sara , Leandro‐García Luis J. , Montero‐Conde Cristina , Cascón Alberto , Roncador Giovanna , Coloma Javier , Robledo Mercedes , Rodriguez‐Antona Cristina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of mammalian metabolism and physiology. Aberrant hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway promotes tumor growth and metastasis, and can also promote tumor resistance to chemotherapy and cancer drugs; this makes mTOR an attractive cancer therapeutic target. mTOR inhibitors have been approved to treat cancer; however, the mechanisms underlying drug sensitivity remain poorly understood. Here, whole exome sequencing of three chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) patients with exceptional mTOR inhibitor sensitivity revealed that all three patients shared somatic mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP9X. The clonal characteristics of the mutations, which were amassed by studying multiple patients' primary and metastatic samples from various years, together with the low USP9X mutation rate in unselected chRCC series, reinforced a causal link between USP9X and mTOR inhibitor sensitivity. Rapamycin treatment of USP9X‐depleted HeLa and renal cancer 786‐O cells, along with the pharmacological inhibition of USP9X, confirmed that this protein plays a role in patients' sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors. USP9X was not found to exert a direct effect on mTORC1, but subsequent ubiquitylome analyses identified p62 as a direct USP9X target. Increased p62 ubiquitination and the augmented rapamycin effect upon bortezomib treatment, together with the results of p62 and LC3 immunofluorescence assays, suggested that dysregulated autophagy in USP9X‐depleted cells can have a synergistic effect with mTOR inhibitors. In summary, we show that USP9X constitutes a potential novel marker of sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors in chRCC patients, and represents a clinical strategy for increasing the sensitivity to these drugs.
Neurosurgical morbidity in pediatric supratentorial midline low‐grade glioma: Results from the German LGG studies
Authors: Weiß Sarah , Thomale Ulrich‐Wilhelm , Schulz Matthias , Kandels Daniela , Schuhmann Martin U. , El Damaty Ahmed , Krauss Juergen , Driever Pablo Hernáiz , Witt Olaf , Bison Brigitte , Pietsch Torsten , Gnekow Astrid , Simon Michèle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurgical resection is a mainstay of treatment for pediatric low‐grade glioma (LGG) within all current therapy algorithms, yet associated morbidity is scarcely reported. As supratentorial midline (SML) interventions are particularly challenging, we investigated the frequency of neurosurgical complications/new impairments aiming to identify their risk factors. Records were retrospectively analyzed from 318 patients with SML‐LGG from successive German multicenter LGG studies, undergoing surgery between May 1998 and June 2020. Exactly 537 operations (230 resections, 167 biopsies, 140 nontumor procedures) were performed in 318 patients (54% male, median age: 7.6 years at diagnosis, 9.5 years at operation, 11% NF1, 42.5% optic pathway glioma). Surgical mortality rate was 0.93%. Applying the Drake classification, postoperative surgical morbidity was observed following 254/537 (47.3%) and medical morbidity following 97/537 (18.1%) patients with a 40.1% 30‐day persistence rate for newly developed neurological deficits (65/162). Neuroendocrine impairment affected 53/318 patients (16.7%), visual deterioration 34/318 (10.7%). Postsurgical morbidity was associated with patient age <3 years at operation, tumor volume ≥80 cm3, presence of hydrocephalus, complete resection, surgery in centers with less than median reported tumor‐related procedures and during the earlier study period between 1998 and 2006, while the neurosurgical approach, tumor location, NF1 status or previous nonsurgical treatment were not. Neurosurgery‐associated morbidity was frequent in pediatric patients with SML‐LGG undergoing surgery in the German LGG‐studies. We identified patient‐ and institution‐associated factors that may increase the risk for complications. We advocate that local multidisciplinary teams consider the planned extent of resection and surgical skills.
Applying machine learning to screen for acute myocardial infarction‐related biomarkers and immune infiltration features and validate it clinically and experimentally
Authors: Zhan Zhenrun , Han Pengyong , Tang Xu , Yang Jinpeng , Bi Xiaodan , Zhao Tingting 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been responsible for 8.5 million deaths worldwide each year over the past decade and is the leading cause of death. It is a severe illness worldwide and can happen in multiple age categories. Despite the significant progress in fundamental and clinical studies of AMI, biomarkers for AMI development have not been adequately investigated. The present research aimed to characterize potential new biomarkers of AMI by comprehensive analysis and to explore the immune infiltration characteristics of this pathophysiological process. In this study, we identified 68 DEGs and performed gene set enrichment analysis, GO, disease oncology, and KEGG analysis, and the results suggested that several functional signaling pathways and essential genes were strongly related to the onset and progression of AMI. In addition, combining multiple algorithms, FCER1G, CLEC4D, SRGN, and SLC11A1 were determined to be prospective biomarkers of AMI and showed good diagnostic value. Immuno‐infiltration analysis suggested that neutrophils, CD8+ T cells, monocytes, and M0 macrophages might be involved in the onset and progress of AMI. In conclusion, a combined approach was employed to select biomarkers associated with AMI and to probe the critical function of immune cells in the progression of AMI. In addition, clinical studies were applied to analyze the correlation between the occurrence of AMI and lipid dysregulation.
NIR and THz spectroscopy: An experimental investigation toward nicotine‐related devices
Authors: Bratu Ana‐Maria , Bojan Mihaela , Banita Stefan , Petrus Mioara , Popa Cristina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examined the content of nicotine‐delivery products using terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS) and breath ethylene investigated with CO2 laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (CO2 LPAS) system as a biomarker of oxidative stress after smoking. The THz‐TDS method provided valuable information on the transmission spectra of tobacco and nicotine in smoking products. From the CO2 LPAS data it was observed that in cigarette (TC) smoking the mean breath ethylene was 687 parts per billion (ppb), while in electronic cigarettes and tobacco heating devices smoking the mean ethylene was 56 ppb and 48 ppb, respectively. The main finding was that TC showed higher transmission in the THz region producing a higher oxidative stress on the body.
The mitochondrial‐related effect of the 905 nm photobiomodulation therapy on 50B11 sensory neurons
Authors: Zupin Luisa , Crovella Sergio , Milena Cadenaro , Barbi Egidio , Celsi Fulvio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhotobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is known as a complementary tool to alleviate pain sensation in patients, nevertheless, there is still a gap of knowledge on its mechanism of action, thus limiting its clinical employment. In this study, a possible molecular mechanism of the 905 nm PBMT (0.25 W/cm2; 3, 6, 12, and 18 J/cm2, 5 Hz) analgesic effect was tested on 50B11 cells, by investigating its impact on mitochondria. A decrement of adenosine triphosphate was detected, moreover, an increment of total reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide anion was found after PBMT with all protocols tested. PBMT at 18 J diminished the mitochondrial membrane potential, and influenced mitochondrial respiration, decreasing the oxygen consumption rate. Finally, a decrement of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation was observed with the protocol using 12 J. Taken together these findings highlighted the intracellular effects, mainly correlated to mitochondrial, induced by 905 nm PBMT in sensory neurons, indicating the central role of this organelle in the cellular response to 905 nm near‐infrared laser light.
Machine learning models to predict outcomes at 30‐days using Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition combinations with and without muscle mass in people with cancer
Authors: Kiss Nicole , Steer Belinda , de van der Schueren Marian , Loeliger Jenelle , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Edbrooke Lara , Deftereos Irene , Laing Erin , Khosravi Abbas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEquipment to assess muscle mass is not available in all health services. Yet we have limited understanding of whether applying the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria without an assessment of muscle mass affects the ability to predict adverse outcomes. This study used machine learning to determine which combinations of GLIM phenotypic and etiologic criteria are most important for the prediction of 30‐day mortality and unplanned admission using combinations including and excluding low muscle mass.MethodsIn a cohort of 2801 participants from two cancer malnutrition point prevalence studies, we applied the GLIM criteria with and without muscle mass. Phenotypic criteria were assessed using ≥5% unintentional weight loss, body mass index, subjective assessment of muscle stores from the PG‐SGA. Aetiologic criteria included self‐reported reduced food intake and inflammation (metastatic disease). Machine learning approaches were applied to predict 30‐day mortality and unplanned admission using models with and without muscle mass.ResultsParticipants with missing data were excluded, leaving 2494 for analysis [49.6% male, mean (SD) age: 62.3 (14.2) years]. Malnutrition prevalence was 19.5% and 17.5% when muscle mass was included and excluded, respectively. However, 48 (10%) of malnourished participants were missed if muscle mass was excluded. For the nine GLIM combinations that excluded low muscle mass the most important combinations to predict mortality were (1) weight loss and inflammation and (2) weight loss and reduced food intake. Machine learning metrics were similar in models excluding or including muscle mass to predict mortality (average accuracy: 84% vs. 88%; average sensitivity: 41% vs. 38%; average specificity: 85% vs. 89%). Weight loss and reduced food intake was the most important combination to predict unplanned hospital admission. Machine learning metrics were almost identical in models excluding or including muscle mass to predict unplanned hospital admission, with small differences observed only if reported to one decimal place (average accuracy: 77% vs. 77%; average sensitivity: 29% vs. 29%; average specificity: 84% vs. 84%).ConclusionsOur results indicate predictive ability is maintained, although the ability to identify all malnourished patients is compromised, when muscle mass is excluded from the GLIM diagnosis. This has important implications for assessment in health services where equipment to assess muscle mass is not available. Our findings support the robustness of the GLIM approach and an ability to apply some flexibility in excluding certain phenotypic or aetiologic components if necessary, although some cases will be missed.
Association between the dynamic movement of hyperechoic foci and patients'/sonographic outcomes among pediatric patients with portal venous gas following a cardiac event
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Tanami Yutaka , Sato Yumiko , Nomura Koji , Oguma Eiji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo demonstrate the association between the dynamic movements of hyperechoic foci in portal venous gas (PVG) and patients'/sonographic outcomes after congenital heart disease or cardiac events.MethodsThirty‐one pediatric patients requiring management of congenital heart diseases or cardiac events who had PVG on ultrasound were included in this retrospective study. The patient outcome was prognosis: dead or alive. The sonographic outcome was recovery from PVG, measured as days from PVG detection to when it diminished on ultrasound. The following sonographic findings of hyperechoic foci in PVG were compared between patients: detection within the mesenteric vein, having to‐and‐fro movements within the intrahepatic portal vein, distribution (left segment or both left and right segments) and shape (line or punctate) in the liver, and detection within the portal and hepatic veins. Comparisons were made using Fisher's exact/Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsFour patients died without having recovered from PVG. A significant difference was observed in terms of the to‐and‐fro movement (with/without to‐and‐fro movement in dead vs. alive patients: 3/1 vs. 1/26, respectively; P = 0.003). Furthermore, a significant difference in sonographic outcomes was observed regarding patients with/without hyperechoic foci within the mesenteric vein (days with vs. without this finding: 2.0 ± 1.24(1–5) vs.1 ± 0(1), respectively; P = 0.011).ConclusionsIn our small limited cohort, when PVG was visualized on ultrasound, close evaluation of the dynamic movement of hyperechoic foci, especially their to‐and‐fro movement within the intrahepatic portal vein and detection of hyperechoic foci within the mesenteric vein, were useful in predicting patients' outcomes and the time to PVG diminishment.