bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immuntherapie in der Hepatogastroenterologie: Wirkung und Nebenwirkung
Authors: Krimmel Laurenz , Quante Michael , Bengsch Bertram 
Published: March 2023

Was ist neu?
Ösophagus-Karzinom Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (ICI) sind Bestandteil der adjuvanten Therapie des Plattenepithelkarzinoms und des Karzinoms des ösophagogastralen Übergangs nach vorheriger neoadjuvanter Radiotherapie. Die Kombination von ICI mit Chemotherapie (CTx) ist in der palliativen ersten (Nivolumab und Ipilimumab) und zweiten (Nivolumab) Therapielinie zugelassen. Plattenepithelkarzinome sprechen wahrscheinlich besser auf ICI an als Adenokarzinome und es gibt eine Zulassung für Ipilimumab und Nivolumab als alleinige ICI-Therapie für Plattenepithelkarzinome.
Magenkarzinom Die Kombination von Chemotherapie mit ICI ist auch beim metastasierten Magenkarzinom wirksam und zugelassen. Mikrosatelliten-instabile (MSI-H) Tumore sprechen besonders gut auf ICI an und können in der 2. Linie mit Pembrolizumab behandelt werden.
Kolorektales Karzinom Pembrolizumab ist als Erstlinientherapie und Nivolumab in Kombination mit Ipilimumab als Zweitlinientherapie für MSI-H/dMMR metastasierte Kolorektale Karzinome (CRC) etabliert. Für andere CRC ist bislang keine Zulassung erfolgt.
Hepatozelluläres Karzinom Atezolizumab in Kombination mit Bevacizumab hat seine Überlegenheit gegenüber Sorafenib in der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Hepatozellulären Karzinoms (HCC) bewiesen und ist der neue Therapiestandard in der Erstlinie. Für weitere ICI liegen bereits positive Phase-III-Studien vor.
Biliäre Karzinome Durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) mit Gemcitabin/Cisplatin war in einer Phase-III-Studie erfolgreich in der Behandlung von inoperablen, cholangiozellulären und Gallenblasen-Karzinomen. Eine Zulassung ist noch nicht erfolgt. Pembrolizumab ist in der Zweitlinientherapie für MSI-H/Mismatch-Reparatur-defizienten (dMMR) Karzinomen in Europa zugelassen.
Pankreaskarzinom ICI konnten in der Behandlung des Pankreaskarzinoms bisher keine klinischen Effekte aufzeigen. Einzig in der Zweitlinientherapie von MSI-H/dMMR-Pankreaskarzinomen ist Pembrolizumab von der FDA zugelassen.
Immunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen ICI bewirken eine Disinhibition der Immunantwort, die immunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen (iNW) auslösen kann. Häufig betroffen sind Haut, Gastrointestinaltrakt, Leber und endokrine Organe. Bei höhergradigen Nebenwirkungen (ab Grad 2) muss die Immuntherapie pausiert und meist eine Steroidbehandlung begonnen werden. Nach Grad 4 iNW sollte i.d.R. keine Wiederaufnahme von ICI stattfinden. Der frühe, hochdosierte Einsatz von Steroiden wirkt sich negativ auf das onkologische Patientenoutcome aus. Neue Therapieansätze für iNW wie die Extrakorporale Photopherese befinden sich in klinischer Erprobung.
Mammakarzinom beim Mann
Authors: Preuss Caroline , Wunderle Marius , Hack Carolin C. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Wenkel Evelyn , Jud Sebastian , Heindl Felix 
Published: March 2023

Was ist neu?
Risikofaktoren Hormonelles Ungleichgewicht, Gynäkomastie, Lifestyle-Faktoren und genetische Veränderungen (insbesondere BRCA2-Mutationen) zählen zu den Hauptrisikofaktoren für das Mammakarzinom beim Mann.
Prognose Die Brustkrebserkrankungen von Männern gehen mit einer schlechteren Prognose einher als die der Frauen.
Diagnostik Zur Abklärung eines suspekten Befunds in der männlichen Brust sollten nach Anamnese und klinischer Untersuchung eine Mammasonografie und Mammografie durchgeführt werden.
Therapie Die Behandlung wird in enger Anlehnung an das Vorgehen bei der Brustkrebserkrankung der Frau durchgeführt. Es steht eine Vielzahl an medikamentösen Therapiemöglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Einige sind jedoch nur als Off-Label-Use anzuwenden, da eine Zulassung beim Mann fehlt.
Nachsorge Die Nachsorge erfolgt nach einem standardisierten Nachsorgeschema analog dem weiblichen Mammakarzinom. Bei positiver Familienanamnese für das Mammakarzinom und/oder Ovarialkarzinom erfolgt die Beratung und Testung gemäß den Kriterien des Deutschen Konsortiums Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs.
Steuerung der Volumentherapie von Intensivpatienten: Neue Strategien und optimale Zielparameter?
Authors: Fortenbacher Silke , John Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Was ist neu?Strategien zum Volumenmanagement – Vorteile individualisierter Ansätze: Es bestehen nach wie vor Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich des optimalen Volumenmanagements in der Schocktherapie, insbesondere in der Initialphase des septischen Schocks. Sowohl eine Hypovolämie als auch eine Hypervolämie sind schädlich und führen zu Organdysfunktionen und negativem Outcome. In zahlreichen Studien wurde eine Korrelation zwischen Volumenüberladung und erhöhter Sterblichkeit bei kritisch kranken Patienten nachgewiesen. Ob jedoch ein restriktives Volumenmanagement einen Überlebensvorteil darstellt, konnte bislang nicht aufgezeigt werden. In einer kürzlich hierzu veröffentlichten internationalen Studie wurde ein restriktives Volumenmanagement mit einer Standardvolumentherapie im septischen Schock in Bezug auf die 90 Tage-Mortalität untersucht. Hier fand sich keine geringere Mortalitätsrate in der Gruppe mit restriktiver Volumentherapie. Anstelle eines starren Flüssigkeitsregimes sollte ein patientenadaptiertes Volumenmanagement erfolgen.Steuerung der Volumentherapie – evidenzbasierte Ziele und Kriterien fehlen: Klar definierte, evidenzbasierte Ziele und Kriterien für die Steuerung der Volumentherapie von Schockpatienten existieren nicht. Ein wichtiges Instrument stellt die Testung der Volumenreagibilität dar. Bei ihrer Beurteilung werden dynamische Parameter statischen Parametern vorgezogen: die atemabhängige Pulsdruckvariation (PPV) bzw. die Schlagvolumenvariation (SVV), die sonographische Kompression der V. cava inferior oder die Zunahme des Schlagvolumens im passive leg raise-Test (PLR) sagen zuverlässiger einen Anstieg des Herzzeitvolumens als Antwort auf eine Volumengabe vorher.
Dative alternation in Chinese
Authors: Zhang Dong , Xu Jiajin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the factors significantly constraining dative alternation in Chinese by adopting mixed-effects logistic regression modelling. The analysis showed that such factors significantly affected the choice of dative variants in Chinese, including the animacy, pronominality, and definiteness of the recipient, the accessibility and concreteness of the theme, and the length difference between the theme and the recipient. Findings were compared with those for the English dative alternation discussed in the literature. When the theme was recoverable from context or shorter than the recipient, the prepositional dative construction was preferred in both English and Chinese. This can be explained by the principles of end-focus and end-weight. However, when the recipient was animate or definite, the double object construction was preferred in English, while the prepositional dative construction was more likely to be used in Chinese. This divergence is due to the different syntactic and semantic features of their recipient markers.
Measuring the visual in audio-visual input
Authors: Pujadas Geòrgia , Muñoz Carmen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This exploratory study investigates the effects of imagery on word learning through audio-visual input. A total of 82 adolescent EFL learners were exposed to 8 episodes of a TV series under four conditions, depending on the language of the on-screen text (L1 or L2) and whether they were pre-taught target words or not. The effects of co-occurrence of the word with its image, and the image time on screen (ITOS) were explored, alongside frequency, proficiency, and learning condition variables. Results showed that both image-related variables and frequency predicted word-form learning, while only ITOS predicted word-meaning recall, with a longer exposure to image associated to higher gains, suggesting that, at this age and proficiency level, the images associated with the words can be conducive to learning.
German and Romance civility in contact
Authors: Gennies Linda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I argue for a systematic study of the role that language contact has played in the development of German, French, Italian and Spanish address systems. While the current state of research clearly points to contact-induced changes in Early Modern European polite address, some important desiderata concerning the precise direction, nature and scope of contact influences remain. Against this background, I present historical foreign language manuals as a promising source for the comparative study of historical European address practices and their development. Through an explorative analysis of metapragmatic comments and model dialogues in selected foreign language manuals, the increasingly dynamic pressures experienced by interlocutors both to distance themselves from one another and to express solidarity come to light, as multi-level address systems emerge and mixed styles of address gain in importance.
Opportunities for new physics searches with heavy ions at colliders
Authors: d’Enterria David , Drewes Marco , Giammanco Andrea , Hajer Jan , Bratkovskaya Elena , Bruce Roderik , Burmasov Nazar , Dyndal Mateusz , Gould Oliver , Grabowska-Bold Iwona , Gumberidze Malgorzata , Gunji Taku , Holzmann Romain , Jowett John M , Kryshen Evgeny , Okorokov Vitalii A , Schmidt Ida , Upreti Aditya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Opportunities for searches for phenomena beyond the Standard Model (BSM) using heavy-ions beams at high energies are outlined. Different BSM searches proposed in the last years in collisions of heavy ions, mostly at the Large Hadron Collider, are summarized. A few concrete selected cases are reviewed including searches for axion-like particles, anomalous τ electromagnetic moments, magnetic monopoles, and dark photons. Expectations for the achievable sensitivities of these searches in the coming years are given. Studies of CP violation in hot and dense QCD matter and connections to ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays physics are also mentioned.
Assessment of fracture process of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) by time-frequency analysis of acoustic emission signals
Authors: Wang Wentao , Xu Mingfeng , Bao Yi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Engineered cementitious composite (ECC), also known as strain-hardening cementitious composite, exhibits high ductility and high toughness. The high ductility and high toughness of ECC are associated with finely-tuned matrix cracking, fiber rupture, and fiber-matrix debonding. This study investigates the fracture process of ECC through a time-frequency analysis of acoustic emission (AE) signals. The frequency characteristics of individual AE hits were used to evaluate different types of damage throughout the fracture process. The evolution of damage was assessed, and the AE energy was calculated. The effects of matrix flaw and fiber content on the fracture process were investigated. The test results revealed that different damage stages featured different AE frequency characteristics, which were used to classify damage types. ECC showed high energy absorption along with the high toughness. This research enhances the understanding of the fracture process of ECC and advances the capability of assessing the damages.
Uniform plasma generation with filament assisted DC discharge in a linear plasma device
Authors: Bora Dibyajyoti , Tarafder Aritra , Biswas Subir , Chowdhuri Malay B , Ghosh Joydeep 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Uniform and quiescent (δ
n/n < 0.5%) laboratory plasma has been produced in a linear plasma device with a simple filament-assisted DC source without using any magnetic field for plasma confinement. A filament-assisted DC plasma source has been designed, fabricated in-house, and operated successfully to achieve the desired plasma parameters. A stainless steel(ss)-grid is placed in-front of the filament assembly and biased appropriately using a DC-regulated power supply to accelerate thermionically emitted electrons from the heated filaments along the length of the main chamber and facilitate the production of uniform plasma. Heating of the filaments was done by passing a current of ∼3.8 − 4.2 A through it using another DC-regulated power supply. 2-dimensional spatial profiles of plasma density (n

e
), electron temperature (T

e
) and plasma potential (V

P
) obtained from the Langmuir Probe measurements by inserting 4 number of Langmuir Probes inside the plasma from 4 co-linear radial ports of the plasma chamber and scanning them radially with the help of indigenously built probe drive setups reveal spatially uniform plasma generation with n

e
in the range ∼(1 − 2) × 1015 m−3 and T

e
∼ (2.5 − 3.5) eV. Variations of plasma parameters and its spatial uniformity with neutral pressure are also investigated. It is observed that the spatial uniformity of the plasma produced at neutral pressures in the range of ∼(3 − 6) × 10−4 mbar is very good with δ
n/n < 0.5%.
On the duality of unsteady stretching surface flow: the sheet and disk cases
Authors: Mehmood Ahmer , Tabassum Ghulam Dastgir , Usman Muhammad , Dar Aman-ullah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This communication is a continuation of our previously published works on the duality of solution of stretching/shrinking surface flows. In this regard, a huge volume of literature is already available advocating that the duality of the solution is a salient feature of the shrinking surface flows, only. It is believed that for a shrinking surface flow the solution does not exist; requires sufficient wall suction for its existence; and is non-unique whenever it exists. On this basis, the shrinking surface flow is believed to be richer in physics by exhibiting more non-linear phenomena. Because of such facts, the available literature has developed a significant miSunderstanding about the shrinking surface flows. It has been established that the shrinking surface flows constitute a superior class of viscous flows instigated by the motion of a continuous surface. However, we think that there is nothing special with the shrinking surface flows, at all. All the fascinations attributed to the shrinking surface flows can be seen for the stretching surface flows, too. The reason behind the appearance of such fascinating features is the retarded nature of the ongoing boundary-layer flow. A retarded boundary-layer can be assisted in a variety of ways; and an assisted, retarded, boundary-layer exhibits a non-unique behavior. In this study, the duality of the solution has been discussed for unsteady stretching surface flow by considering two-dimensional planner and axisymmetric cases corresponding to flat sheet and disk geometries. It is shown that in a stretching surface flow, it is possible to observe the duality of the solution not only in the presence of wall suction but also in the presence of wall injection velocity.
First-order quantum phase transition in the squeezed Rabi model
Authors: Yang Jingwen , Shi Zhicheng , Yang Zhen-Biao , Shen Li-tuo , Zheng Shi-Biao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Quantum phase transition and entanglement in the Rabi model with a squeezed light are investigated. We find a special unitary-transformation method that removes the nonintegrable squeezing and counterrotating-wave interactions when the qubit frequency is close to the field frequency. The analytical ground state agrees well with the numerical solution. We demonstrate that the ground state exhibits a first-order quantum phase transition at a critical point induced linearly by the squeezed light. This quantum phase transition requires neither multiple qubits nor an infinite ratio of qubit frequency to field frequency, which solves a critical problem for the theory and experiment in Rabi model. As the qubit-field coupling strength increases, the ground-state entanglement reaches its maximum value at the critical point.
Hybrid multi-fluid-particle simulations of the cosmic neutrino background
Authors: Chen Joe Zhiyu , Mosbech Markus R. , Upadhye Amol , Wong Yvonne Y.Y. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Simulation of the cosmic clustering of massive neutrinos is a daunting task, due both to
their large velocity dispersion and to their weak clustering power becoming swamped by Poisson
shot noise. We present a new approach, the multi-fluid hybrid-neutrino simulation, which
partitions the neutrino population into multiple flows, each of which is characterised by its
initial momentum and treated as a separate fluid. These fluid flows respond initially linearly to
nonlinear perturbations in the cold matter, but slowest flows are later converted to a particle
realisation should their clustering power exceed some threshold. After outlining the multi-fluid
description of neutrinos, we study the conversion of the individual flows into particles, in order
to quantify transient errors, as well as to determine a set of criteria for particle conversion.
Assembling our results into a total neutrino power spectrum, we demonstrate that our multi-fluid
hybrid-neutrino simulation is convergent to < 3% if conversion happens at z = 19 and agrees with
more expensive simulations in the literature for neutrino fractions as high as Ω
νh
2 =
0.005. Moreover, our hybrid-neutrino approach retains fine-grained information about the
neutrinos' momentum distribution. However, the momentum resolution is currently limited by
free-streaming transients excited by missing information in the neutrino particle initialisation
procedure, which restricts the particle conversion to z ≳ 19 if percent-level resolution
is desired.
Fluctuating dark energy and the luminosity distance
Authors: Vedder Casper J.G. , Belgacem Enis , Chisari Nora Elisa , Prokopec Tomislav 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The origin of dark energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe is still
mysterious. We explore the possibility that dark energy fluctuates, resulting in spatial
correlations. Due to these fluctuations, the Hubble rate itself becomes a fluctuating quantity. We
discuss the effect this has on measurements of type Ia supernovae, which are used to constrain the
luminosity distance. We show that the luminosity distance is affected by spatial correlations in
several ways. First, the luminosity distance becomes dressed by the fluctuations, thereby
differing from standard ΛCDM. Second, angular correlations become visible in the two-point
correlation function of the luminosity distance. To investigate the latter we construct the
angular power spectrum of luminosity distance fluctuations. We then perform a forecast for two
supernova surveys, the ongoing Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space
and Time (LSST), and compare this effect with relativistic lensing effects from perturbed
ΛCDM. We find that the signal can rise above the lensing effects and that LSST could test
this effect for a large part of the parameter space. As an example, a specific realisation of such
a scenario is that quantum fluctuations of some field in the early universe imprint spatial
correlations with a predictable form in the dark energy density today. In this case, the Hubble
rate fluctuates due to the intrinsic quantum nature of the dark energy density field. We study
whether the signal of this specific model would be measurable, and conclude that testing this
model with LSST would be challenging. However, taking into account a speed of sound cs
< 1 of the
dark energy fluid can make this model observable.
Optimal metabolic strategies for microbial growth in stationary random environments
Authors: Paola Muntoni Anna , De Martino Andrea 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In order to grow in any given environment, bacteria need to collect information about the medium composition and implement suitable growth strategies by adjusting their regulatory and metabolic degrees of freedom. In the standard sense, optimal strategy selection is achieved when bacteria grow at the fastest rate possible in that medium. While this view of optimality is well suited for cells that have perfect knowledge about their surroundings (e.g. nutrient levels), things are more involved in uncertain or fluctuating conditions, especially when changes occur over timescales comparable to (or faster than) those required to organize a response. Information theory however provides recipes for how cells can choose the optimal growth strategy under uncertainty about the stress levels they will face. Here we analyse the theoretically optimal scenarios for a coarse-grained, experiment-inspired model of bacterial metabolism for growth in a medium described by the (static) probability density of a single variable (the ‘stress level’). We show that heterogeneity in growth rates consistently emerges as the optimal response when the environment is sufficiently complex and/or when perfect adjustment of metabolic degrees of freedom is not possible (e.g. due to limited resources). In addition, outcomes close to those achievable with unlimited resources are often attained effectively with a modest amount of fine tuning. In other terms, heterogeneous population structures in complex media may be rather robust with respect to the resources available to probe the environment and adjust reaction rates.
A Characterization of the ALMA Phasing System at 345 GHz
Authors: Crew G. B. , Goddi C. , Matthews L. D. , Rottmann H. , Saez A. , Martí-Vidal I. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The development of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) phasing system (APS) has allowed ALMA to function as an extraordinarily sensitive station for very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at frequencies of up to 230 GHz (λ ≈ 1.3 mm). Efforts are now underway to extend the use of the APS to 345 GHz (λ ≈ 0.87 mm). Here we report a characterization of APS performance at 345 GHz based on a series of tests carried out between 2015 and 2021, including a successful global VLBI test campaign conducted in 2018 October in collaboration with the Event Horizon Telescope.
Improving the X-Ray Energy Resolution of a Scientific CMOS Detector by Pixel-level Gain Correction
Authors: Wu Qinyu , Ling Zhixing , Wang Xinyang , Zhang Chen , Yuan Weimin , Zhang Shuang-Nan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Scientific Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (sCMOS) sensors are finding increasingly more applications in astronomical observations, thanks to their advantages over charge-coupled devices such as a higher readout frame rate, higher radiation tolerance, and higher working temperature. In this work, we investigate the performance at the individual pixel level of a large-format sCMOS sensor, GSENSE1516BSI, which has 4096 × 4096 pixels, each of 15 μm in size. To achieve this, three areas on the sCMOS sensor, each consisting of 99 × 99 pixels, are chosen for the experiment. The readout noise, conversion gain and energy resolutions of the individual pixels in these areas are measured from a large number (more than 25,000) of X-ray events accumulated for each of the pixels through long time exposures. The energy resolution of these pixels can reach 140 eV at 6.4 keV at room temperature and shows a significant positive correlation with the readout noise. The accurate gain can also be derived individually for each of the pixels from its X-ray spectrum obtained. Variations of the gain values are found at a level of 0.56% statistically among the 30 thousand pixels in the areas studied. With the gain of each pixel determined accurately, a precise gain correction is performed pixel by pixel in these areas, in contrast to the standardized ensemble gain used in the conventional method. In this way, we could almost completely eliminate the degradation of energy resolutions caused by gain variations among pixels. As a result, the energy resolution at room temperature can be significantly improved to 124.6 eV at 4.5 keV and 140.7 eV at 6.4 keV. This pixel-by-pixel gain correction method can be applied to all kinds of CMOS sensors, and is expected to find interesting applications in X-ray spectroscopic observations in the future.