bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the drug–drug interaction potential for therapeutic proteins with pro‐inflammatory activities
Authors: Yu Yanke , Henrich Charity , Wang Diane 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is well‐recognized that therapeutic proteins (TPs) with pro‐inflammatory activities elevate the pro‐inflammatory cytokines and result in cytokine‐drug interactions. In the current review, several pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐2, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α, as well as an anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10, were summarized for their respective effect on major cytochrome P450 enzymes and efflux transporter PgP. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines are generally associated with suppression of CYP enzymes across assay systems but have varied effect on Pgp expression levels and activities depending on the individual cytokines and assay systems, whereas IL‐10 had no significant impact on CYP enzymes and P‐gp. A cocktail drug‐drug interaction (DDI) study design could be an ideal approach for simultaneously assess the impact of TPs with pro‐inflammatory activities on multiple CYP enzymes. Clinical DDI studies using the cocktail approach have been conducted for several TPs with pro‐inflammatory activities and for those TPs with pro‐inflammatory activities which had no clinical DDI study conducted, languages for potential DDI risk due to cytokine‐drug interaction were included in the label. Up to date drug cocktails, including clinically validated and unvalidated for DDI assessment, were summarized in this review. Most clinically validated cocktails focused either on CYP enzymes or transporters. Additional effort was needed to validate a cocktail to include both the major CYP enzymes and key transporters. In silico methods for assessment of the DDI for TPs with pro‐inflammatory activities were also discussed.
1054. Puya castellanosii L.B. Sm. a narrow Argentinian endemic species: Bromeliaceae
Authors: Compton James , Battle Christine 
Published: March 2023

SummaryPuya castellanosii L.B. Sm., is illustrated and its relationships are discussed. Its habitat is described and illustrated, and suggestions for its cultivation are given. Seed was collected and it was raised and distributed by the plantsman Nori Pope who died in 2019.
1055. Tricyrtis lasiocarpa Matsumura: Liliaceae
Authors: Moore Richard , Langhorne Joanna 
Published: March 2023

SummaryTricyrtis lasiocarpa Matsumura is a deciduous perennial herb endemic to Taiwan, often cultivated for its attractive flowers produced from late summer in to autumn. Tricyrtis lasiocarpa is illustrated here, t. 1055; its introduction, horticultural merits and cultivation are discussed.
Evolutionary emergence of alternative stable states in shallow lakes
Authors: Ardichvili Alice Nadia , Loeuille Nicolas , Dakos Vasilis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEcosystems under stress may respond abruptly and irreversibly through tipping points. Although mechanisms leading to alternative stable states are much studied, little is known about how such ecosystems could have emerged in the first place. We investigate whether evolution by natural selection along resource gradients leads to bistability, using shallow lakes as an example. There, tipping points occur between two alternative states dominated by either submersed or floating macrophytes depending on nutrient loading. We model the evolution of macrophyte depth in the lake, identify the conditions under which the ancestor population diversifies and investigate whether alternative stable states dominated by different macrophyte phenotypes occur. We find that eco‐evolutionary dynamics may lead to alternative stable states, but under restrictive conditions. Such dynamics require sufficient asymmetries in the acquisition of both light and nutrient. Our analysis suggests that competitive asymmetries along opposing resource gradients may allow bistability to emerge by natural selection.
Analyses of ecdysteroid transporters in the fat body ofTribolium castaneum
Authors: Wellmeyer Benedikt , Böhringer Anna Christina , Rösner Janin , Merzendorfer Hans 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe control of insect moulting and metamorphosis involves ecdysteroids that orchestrate the execution of developmental genetic programs by binding to dimeric hormone receptors consisting of the ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP). In insects, the main ecdysteroids comprise ecdysone (E), which is synthesized in the prothoracic gland and secreted into the haemolymph, and 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E), which is considered the active form by binding to the nuclear receptor of the target cell. While biosynthesis of ecdysteroids has been studied in detail in different insects, the transport systems involved in guiding these steroid hormones across cellular membranes have just recently begun to be studied. By analysing RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum, we have identified three transporter genes,TcABCG‐8A,TcABCG‐4DandTcOATP4‐C1, whose silencing results in phenotypes similar to that observed when the ecdysone receptor geneTcEcRAis silenced, that is, abortive moulting and abnormal development of adult compound eyes during the larval stage. The genes of all three transporters are expressed at higher levels in the larval fat body ofT. castaneum. We analysed potential functions of these transporters by combining RNAi and mass spectrometry. However, the analysis of gene functions is challenged by mutual RNAi effects indicating interdependent gene regulation. Based on our findings, we propose thatTcABCG‐8A,TcABCG‐4DandTcOATP4‐C1participate in the ecdysteroid transport in fat body cells, which are involved in E → 20E conversion catalysed by the P450 enzyme TcShade.
Serum ammonia does not guide management and is overutilised in patients with cirrhosis in hospital settings
Authors: Hannah Nicholas , Vasic Dubravka , Kansal Abhik , Al‐Ani Aysha , Hebbard Geoff , Sood Siddharth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundHepatic encephalopathy is a confusional state associated with cirrhosis. Serum ammonia levels are neither sensitive nor specific for the diagnosis.AimsWe audited the ordering location and hospital unit whilst assessing the impact on management at a major Australian tertiary centre.MethodsWe conducted a single‐centre retrospective chart review of the ordering of serum ammonia levels between 1 March 2019 and 29 February 2020 at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, a tertiary‐referral centre in Melbourne, Victoria. Demographic, medication and pathology results, including serum ammonia measurements, were collected. The main outcomes assessed were ordering location, sensitivity, specificity and impact on management.ResultsA total of 1007 serum ammonia tests were ordered in 425 patients. Nearly all ammonia ordering was by non‐gastroenterologists, 24.2% by the intensive care unit, 23.1% by general medicine and 19.5% by the emergency department (ED). Only 21.6% of patients had a history of cirrhosis, with hepatic encephalopathy diagnosed in 13.6%. On subgroup analysis, 217 ammonia tests were performed in 92 patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients were older (64 vs 59 years, P = 0.012) and had higher median ammonia levels (64.46 vs 59 μmol/L, P < 0.001) compared with non‐cirrhotic patients. In cirrhotic patients, the sensitivity and specificity for serum ammonia and diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy were 75% and 52.3% respectively.ConclusionWe affirm the poor utility of serum ammonia levels for guiding management of hepatic encephalopathy within the Australian context. ED and general medical units account for the majority of test ordering within the hospital. Understanding where ordering occurs provides a target for targeted education.
The seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus in Western Australia prior to implementation of SARS‐CoV‐2 non‐pharmaceutical interventions
Authors: Minney‐Smith Cara A. , Foley David A. , Sikazwe Chisha T. , Levy Avram , Smith David W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasonality is dependent on the local climate. We assessed the stability of RSV seasonality prior to the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic in Western Australia (WA), a state spanning temperate and tropical regions.MethodRSV laboratory testing data were collected from January 2012 to December 2019. WA was divided into three regions determined by population density and climate: Metropolitan, Northern and Southern. Season threshold was calculated per region at 1.2% annual cases, with onset the first of ≥2 weeks above this threshold and offset as the last week before ≥2 weeks below.ResultsThe detection rate of RSV in WA was 6.3/10,000. The Northern region had the highest detection rate (15/10,000), more than 2.5 times the Metropolitan region (detection rate ratio 2.7; 95% CI, 2.6–2.9). Test percentage positive was similar in the Metropolitan (8.6%) and Southern (8.7%) regions, with the lowest in the Northern region (8.1%). RSV seasons in the Metropolitan and Southern regions occurred annually, with a single peak and had consistent timing and intensity. The Northern tropical region did not experience a distinct season. Proportion of RSV A to RSV B in the Northern region differed from the Metropolitan region in 5 of the 8 years studied.ConclusionsDetection rate of RSV in WA is high, especially in the Northern region, where climate, an expanded at‐risk population and increased testing may have contributed to greater numbers. Before the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, RSV seasonality in WA was consistent in timing and intensity for the Metropolitan and Southern regions.
Model construction of factors influencing intensive care unit nurses' medical device‐related pressure injury knowledge, attitude, and practice
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Xuan , Chen Rui‐Bin , Fang Ping‐Ping , Yu Ran , Wang Xu‐Xing , Liu Jia‐Qiu , Chen Ying , Ling Hua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ability of knowledge, attitude, and practice of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses to perform medical device‐related pressure injuries (MDRPIs) can affect the incidence of MDRPI in ICU patients. Therefore, in order to improve ICU nurses' understanding and nursing ability of MDRPIs, we investigated the non‐linear relationship (synergistic and superimposed relationships) between the factors influencing ICU nurses' ability of knowledge, attitude, and practice. A Clinical Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for the Prevention of MDRPI in Critically Ill Patients was administered to 322 ICU nurses from tertiary hospitals in China from January 1, 2022 to June 31, 2022. After the questionnaire was distributed, the data were collected and sorted out, and the corresponding statistical analysis and modelling software was used to analyse the data. IBM SPSS 25.0 software was used to conduct Single factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis on the data, so as to screen the statistically significant influencing factors. IBM SPSS Modeler18.0 software was used to construct a decision tree model of the factors influencing MDRPI knowledge, attitude, and practice of ICU nurses, and ROC curves were plotted to analyse the accuracy of the model. The results showed that the overall passing rate of ICU nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice score was 72%. The statistically significant predictor variables ranked in importance were education background (0.35), training (0.31), years of working (0.24), and professional title (0.10). AUC = 0.718, model prediction performance is good. There is a synergistic and superimposed relationship between high education background, attended training, high years of working and high professional title. Nurses with the above factors have strong MDRPI knowledge, attitude, and practice ability. Therefore, nursing managers can develop a reasonable and effective scheduling system and MDRPI training program based on the study results. The ultimate goal is to improve the ability of ICU nurses to know and act on MDRPI and to reduce the incidence of MDRPI in ICU patients.
Is Creativity Masculine? Visual Arts College Students’ Perceptions of the Gender Stereotyping of Creativity and Its Influence on Creative Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Luo Ning , Guan Tao , Wang Jinling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigated visual arts college students’ perceptions of the gender stereotyping of creativity and the influence of this stereotyping on creative self‐efficacy. The sample consisted of 1198 Chinese visual arts college students. The results showed that (a) both male and female students identified stereotypically masculine traits as more important to creativity than stereotypically feminine traits are, (b) male students demonstrated higher creative self‐efficacy than their female counterparts did, and (c) students’ gender significantly moderated the effect of the gender stereotyping of creativity on creative self‐efficacy. Specifically, the gender stereotyping of creativity had a positive effect on male students and a negative effect on female students. These findings revealed that gender stereotypes dominate concepts of creativity in Chinese art education and may hinder female students’ development of creative self‐efficacy, resulting in gendered inequality in the visual arts field. The implications of these findings for visual arts education in China are discussed.
Freezing of green peppers assisted by combined electromagnetic fields: Effects on juice loss, moisture distribution, and microstructure after thawing
Authors: Chen Bing , Zhang Min , Wang Yuchuan , Mujumdar Arun S. , Yu Dongxing , Luo Zhenjiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe combination of electric and magnetic field assisted freezing has potential as a new means of improving the freeze–thaw quality of green peppers. In this work, the quality of the freeze–thawed product was assessed in terms of thawing juice loss, moisture profile, ascorbic acid content, antioxidant activity, flavor, and microstructure. Juice loss was reduced by 16%–68%, freezing time was shortened by 15%–26%, and the nutrient retention rate was higher in the physical field‐assisted case compared to the no‐physical field case. Interestingly, the combined freezing of the two physical fields showed better freezing results compared to a single electric or magnetic field, with juice loss reduced to 3.04%, retention of 82% of calcium ions, retention of ascorbic acid increased by 6%–15%. In addition, the content of hexenal and methyl salicylate and other aromatic substances increased, showing a good flavor quality such as increased umami. The results suggest that combined electric and magnetic field assisted freezing is better in improving the quality of frozen products and may be a potential alternative to freezing and thawing of fruits and vegetables.Practical applicationThis research provides a simple and novel method for improving the speed and quality of frozen products. These steps combine electric and magnetic fields to explore, improve the quality of frozen products, but also provide a new idea for freezing research.
Connectivity between surface and interior in catalytic subunits of acetylcholinesterases inferred from their X‐ray structures
Authors: Radić Zoran 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCatalytic activity and function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) have been recognized and studied for over a century and its quaternary and primary structures for about half a century, and its tertiary structure has been known for about 33 years. Clear understanding of relationships between the structure and the function is still pending for this enzyme. Hundreds of crystallographic, static snapshots of AChEs from different sources reveal largely one general backbone conformation with narrow entry into the active center gorge, tightly fit to accept one acetylcholine (ACh) molecule, in contrast to its high catalytic turnover. This short review of available X‐ray structures of AChEs from electric ray Torpedo californica, mouse and human, finds some limited, yet consistent deviations in conformations of selected secondary structure elements of AChE relevant for its function. The observed conformational diversity of the acyl pocket loop of AChE, unlike the large Ω‐loop, appears consistent with structurally dynamic INS data and solution‐based SAXS experiments to explain its dominant role in controlling the size of the active center gorge opening, as well as connectivity between the immediate surroundings of the buried active Ser, and catalytically relevant sites on the AChE surface.image
Do pension buyouts help or hurt employees (retirees)?
Authors: Lin Yijia , MacMinn Richard D. , Shi Tianxiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article compares expected pension default losses of employees and retirees before and after pension buyouts. The comparisons are made using a stochastic model calibrated with market data. The analysis shows that the lower protection level provided by the State Guarantee Association relative to that of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a critical factor that explains the welfare reduction, or equivalently, larger expected pension default losses, of most retirees who become annuity holders in the buyouts. The analysis also shows that the employee welfare, or equivalently expected pension default gains or losses, depends on the continued PBGC protection and, critically, their employers' postbuyout default risk and pension funding status. Moreover, these employee welfare changes are quite different for the corporations included in this analysis. Our results suggest that welfare improvements depend on the PBGC and state insurance regulators' cooperation in protecting pension participants and supervising buyout insurers.
Lessons Learned from a Predominantly Latinx Autistic Population: Preliminary Effects of the PEERS Intervention on Neural and Perceived Educational Performance
Authors: Baker Elizabeth , Choy Tricia , Veytsman Elina , Martin Ann Marie , Blacher Jan , Stavropoulos Katherine Kuhl Meltzoff 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThirteen autistic teens, who were predominantly Latinx, completed the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS), a 16‐week social skills intervention. Time‐frequency decomposition was calculated using advanced electroencephalographic techniques to measure oscillatory brain activity during reward anticipation and processing before and after PEERS. Fourteen neurotypical teens participated but did not receive intervention. The perception of educational performance was also measured. The perception of educational performance did not differ between groups and did not change after participation in PEERS. Approach motivation increased after intervention in the autistic group. This suggests an enhancement of social motivation after learning social skills in a group composed of a majority of Latinx autistic teens.
Epigenetic mechanisms underlying stress‐induced visceral pain: Resilience versus vulnerability in a two‐hit model of early life stress and chronic adult stress
Authors: Louwies Tijs , Mohammadi Ehsan , Greenwood‐Van Meerveld Beverley 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWomen with a history of early life stress (ELS) have a higher risk of developing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In addition, chronic stress in adulthood can exacerbate IBS symptoms such as abdominal pain due to visceral hypersensitivity. We previously showed that sex and the predictability of ELS determine whether rats develop visceral hypersensitivity in adulthood. In female rats, unpredictable ELS confers vulnerability and results in visceral hypersensitivity, whereas predictable ELS induces resilience and does not induce visceral hypersensitivity in adulthood. However, this resilience is lost after exposure to chronic stress in adulthood leading to an exacerbation of visceral hypersensitivity. Evidence suggests that changes in histone acetylation at the promoter regions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) underlie stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of histone acetylation in the CeA on visceral hypersensitivity in a two‐hit model of ELS followed by chronic stress in adulthood.MethodsMale and female neonatal rats were exposed to unpredictable, predictable ELS, or odor only (no stress control) from postnatal days 8 to 12. In adulthood, rats underwent stereotaxic implantation of indwelling cannulas. Rats were exposed to chronic water avoidance stress (WAS, 1 h/day for 7 days) or SHAM stress and received infusions of vehicle, the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) or the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor garcinol (GAR) after each WAS session. 24 h after the final infusion, visceral sensitivity was assessed and the CeA was removed for molecular experiments.ResultsIn the two‐hit model (ELS + WAS), female rats previously exposed to predictable ELS, showed a significant reduction in histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) acetylation at the GR promoter and a significant increase in H3K9 acetylation at the CRF promoter. These epigenetic changes were associated with changes in GR and CRF mRNA expression in the CeA and an exacerbation of stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity in female animals. TSA infusions in the CeA attenuated the exacerbated stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity, whereas GAR infusions only partially ameliorated ELS+WAS induced visceral hypersensitivity.ConclusionThe two‐hit model of ELS followed by WAS in adulthood revealed that epigenetic dysregulation occurs after exposure to stress in two important periods of life and contributes to the development of visceral hypersensitivity. These aberrant underlying epigenetic changes may explain the exacerbation of stress‐induced abdominal pain in IBS patients.
Relationship between dietary macronutrient composition with weight loss after bariatric surgery: A systematic review
Authors: de Souza Vilela Darlene Larissa , da Silva Alessandra , Pinto Sônia Lopes , Bressan Josefina 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis systematic review evaluated the relationship between macronutrient intake and weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS). The MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, COCHRANE/CENTRAL, and SCOPUS databases were accessed in August 2021 to search for eligible articles: original publications with adults undergoing BS and indicating the relationship between macronutrients and weight loss. Titles that did not meet these criteria were excluded. The review was written according to the PRISMA guide, and the risk of bias was according to the Joanna Briggs manual. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by another. Eight articles with 2.378 subjects were included. The studies indicated a positive relationship between weight loss and protein intake after BS. Prioritization of protein followed by carbohydrates with a lower percentage of lipids favors weight loss and increases weight stability after BS. Among the results found, a 1% increase in protein intake raises the probability of obesity remission by 6%, and high‐protein diet increase 50% weight loss success. Limitations are the methods of included studies and review process. It is concluded that high‐protein intake >60 g a 90 g/day may favor weight loss and maintenance after BS, but it is relevant to balance the other macronutrients.