bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma leading to fatal lung fibrosis
Authors: Kuhlen Michaela , Kunstreich Marina , Eilsberger Friederike , Luster Markus , Redlich Antje 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThis case report aims to discuss the development of fatal lung fibrosis in a young boy following treatment of metastasized differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Case presentationA 3.6-year-old boy was diagnosed in year 1995 with papillary thyroid carcinoma with extensive metastases. He underwent total thyroidectomy and received multiple courses of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy between September 1995 and February 1998. The patient received six courses of RAI therapy within 30 months, cumulatively amounting to 10 GBq 131I, in response to significantly elevated thyroglobulin levels and morphologically persistent miliary lung metastases. Despite the significant regression of his metastatic disease, the patient exhibited progressive lung fibrosis 2.75 years after the sixth RAI therapy. This condition ultimately led to respiratory failure and resulted in the patient’s death 6.7 years following the initial diagnosis.Discussion/conclusionThis case highlights the potential severe complications associated with several courses of RAI therapy in young children suffering from extensive lung metastases and underscores the need for careful treatment planning and long-term monitoring. Given the risks of RAI therapy, particularly the risk of fatal lung fibrosis, it is crucial to tailor RAI therapy carefully, especially in young patients. Notably, thyroglobulin levels can decrease even after cessation of RAI therapy, indicating that levels immediately post-therapy are not necessarily representing the development of the response over the following months.
Noncontact and nondestructive measurements of electrical properties for Mg ion-implanted layers on GaN single crystals using THz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: Wang Dingding , Fujii Takashi , Deura Momoko , Iwamoto Toshiyuki , Sugie Ryuichi , Suyama Atsushi , Kawanowa Hitoshi , Araki Tsutomu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To utilize GaN in power devices, a technology to form a p-type conductive layer by implant Mg ions is imperative. However, GaN decomposes at high temperatures under atmospheric pressure, posing challenges in activating Mg ions through annealing. Consequently, an AlN protective film was formed to protect the ion-implanted layer. However, the protective film necessitates additional steps, including protective film removal and electrode fabrication, to validate the electrical properties of the ion-implanted layer. We proposed a method to measure the electrical properties of multilayer semiconductor films using THz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry (THz-TDSE) without electrodes. The electrical properties of the ion-implanted layer of a sample with implanted Mg ions were measured using THz-TDSE. We obtained accurate measurements without AlN protective film removal. Analysis of the box-profiled Mg ion-implanted layer revealed an activation rate of approximately 1.5% at an annealing temperature of 1300 °C, with Mg implanted at concentrations of approximately 1 × 1017 cm−3.

Graphical abstract
Food insecurity and youth suicidal behaviours: Evidence from the Canadian Health Survey of Children and Youth
Authors: Lounis Lilia , Jacqdom Lovena , Elgar Frank J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
Youth suicide, a major cause of death, is linked to poverty and other adverse experiences. Evidence of its association with food insecurity is unclear due to inadequate controls for household income in previous research. This cross-sectional study used independent reports of household income, food insecurity, and suicidal behaviours to examine these associations in a population-based sample.

Methods
The 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth surveyed 6735 youth (15–17 years), gathering data on sadness/hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Adults provided information on household food insecurity using a multi-item scale and about diagnosed mood disorders in youth. Household income data were provided by government tax records. We used Poisson regressions to estimate the relative risk (RR) of each suicidal behaviour attributed to household food insecurity, adjusting for household income and other covariates.

Results
Approximately one in five (19.8%) youth experienced marginal (5.2%), moderate (7.9%), or severe (3.3%) food insecurity. Moderate or severe food insecurity was associated with increased risks of sadness/hopelessness, mood disorder, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts (RRs 1.30–2.17) after controlling for household income differences and other covariates. Generally, more severe food insecurity was positively associated with suicide behaviours.

Conclusion
Household food insecurity is associated with youth suicidal behaviours, independently of household income. Its underlying pathway to youth mental health includes social and psychological factors that require targeted policy intervention.
Analysis of Surface Wave to Assess Water Infiltration Beneath Dam Infrastructures: Insights from the Song Tranh 2 Reservoir
Authors: Shirzad Taghi , Orlecka-Sikora Beata , Środa Piotr 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Accurate seismic hazard assessment and fluid infiltration analysis near dam reservoirs require detailed crustal structure data. This study explores the interplay between subsurface structures and reservoir-induced seismicity at the Song Tranh 2 dam in Vietnam, focusing on implications for dam safety. Utilizing data from over 7000 induced microearthquakes recorded between August 2013 and June 2017, we selected over 3300 microearthquakes (M ≤ 3.6), and then by calculating dispersion curves (0.6–3.0 s periods), we applied surface-wave tomography to derive anisotropic and isotropic shear-wave velocity models between 0.5 and 2.5 km depth. The results reveal significant crustal heterogeneity, including velocity anomalies that suggest potential fluid infiltration pathways, pore pressure variations, and stress field modifications. Geological units (e.g., amphibolite and migmatite) play a key role in influencing seismic activity, with variations in seismic velocities reflecting differences in lithology and deformation intensity. With a few exceptions, the final tomography and anisotropy models align well with the mapped geologic units delineating four distinct reservoir sectors, each defined by unique seismicity patterns and fast anisotropic direction (local tectonic stresses). The findings emphasize the role of fault systems in shaping the stress regime and anisotropy, providing insights into mechanisms driving reservoir-triggered seismicity. Horizontal shear-wave slices reveal high velocities in sectors consisting of amphibolite and mafic granulite, whereas low velocities dominate sectors covered by migmatic and mafic granulite units where fracturing and water infiltration are likely contributing factors to the observed velocity reduction. Moreover, the analysis identifies regions with limited seismicity, likely indicative of less deformable subsurface structures, which may reduce seismic risks in certain areas. Discrepancies between anisotropic and isotropic radial anisotropy models (VSH and VSV discrepancies) and peak-to-peak differences in these models offer valuable insights into the subsurface structure around main and secondary fault junctions. Anisotropic cross-section profiles emphasize fault lines and tectonic influences, whereas isotropic profiles provide details on geological units. Around faults, anisotropic fast directions are inferred to be obscured by cracks or fluid infiltration, as seen in isotropic VSV and VSH models.
Consumer Acceptability of Coco-Squash Spread
Authors: M. Lomeda-Junio Michelle 
Published: February 2025

Consumer acceptability is a crucial factor in the success of processed foods, as it directly influences purchasing decisions and market sustainability. In the competitive food industry, sensory attributes such as appearance, taste and texture play a significant role in shaping consumer preferences. Understanding these sensory perceptions helps manufacturers enhance the product quality and align with consumer expectations. A health-conscious consumer increasing seek nutritious and innovative food options, the development of acceptable and appealing processed foods becomes even more relevant. The study aimed to evaluate the consumer’s level of acceptability of Coco-Squash Spread in terms of appearance, taste and consistency in the three different samples. Acceptability Score Sheet was utilized as the instrument in the research study to gather data through sensory evaluations of thirty (30) consumers as the respondents of the study. Results revealed that Sample 1 obtained a mean score of 3.7, Sample 2 achieved a mean score of 4.08, both results to acceptable and Sample 3 received a mean score of 2.9 rated as moderately acceptable. Analysis of Variance results indicated no significant differences among the three samples in terms of appearance, taste and consistency. The appearance of the samples was influenced by the proportion of squash compared to coconut milk. In terms of taste, the dominant squash taste remained noticeable despite the varying proportions among the samples. Additionally, the consistency across all samples was consistent due to the standardized preparation process, which included the same procedures for the coconut milk and squash. The study highlights the potential of Coco-Squash Spread as an acceptable food product with no significant in sensory across the evaluated samples.
Insurance for Medical Malpractice in the Republic of Moldova - Perspectives, Challenges, Solutions
Authors: Gugulan Evghenia , Cazacu Florin 
Published: February 2025

Medical malpractice insurance constitutes a new and challenging area for the insurance field in the Republic of Moldova. It is imperative to recognize the importance of insurance against medical malpractice in the Republic of Moldova. Crucial reforms, successfully implemented in the health system to improve and adapt standards to the European level, have initiated a development process in this direction. It is evident that there have been global criticisms and concerns regarding the quality of health services provided to the population. This situation has also increased interest in the quality of medical services and included this objective in health policy and remuneration mechanisms. This has led to an increase in the number of claims for medical damage compensation and forensic examinations related to the activity of doctors.The adoption of a malpractice law could remedy existing legal gaps by clearly defining and thoroughly detailing the responsibility of medical personnel in the health system. The Republic of Moldova, having a technical basis, can transpose legislation concerning medical malpractice insurance. The legislator must be aware of the urgent and inevitable need to implement a regulatory framework applicable to responsibility for professional negligence of doctors in the health system.
Usability Considerations for Open Data Portals
Authors: O'Grady Michael , Mangina Eleni 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Open Data portals represent a singular service for public access to open data, including government data. Nominally, anyone can access and utilise such portals. However, portals tend to cater to professional classes of users with domain expertise. In contrast, the public may encounter obstacles and barriers when accessing such portals. There is an increasing need for data portals to cater to a diverse user base, including the public, NGOs, and citizen scientists. This paper investigates the public's understanding of open data and its capability to harness open data portals. Participants from several European countries were requested to complete a short survey and then tasked to use a portal to find information. Results indicate a broadly positive view of open data and open data portals. While the usability of open data portals is good, there is potential for improvement. It is recommended that further measures to increase usability be undertaken and efforts be made to raise public awareness of the existence and potential of open data portals.
Substitution of polysorbates by plant-based emulsifiers: impact on vitamin D bioavailability and gut health
Authors: Bravo-Nunez Angela , Berthomé Angélique , Sabran Charlotte , Vairo Donato , Martin Jean-Charles , Alvarado-Ramos Katherine , Chassaing Benoit , Tomas Julie , Reboul Emmanuelle 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We evaluated the potential of plant-based emulsifiers as an alternative to synthetic emulsifiers such as polysorbates (Tween 80, T80). We first observed that combining pea protein (PPI) with arabinoxylans (CAX) as emulsifiers led to a similar vitamin D3 bioavailability than T80 in vitro and in vivo in mice. We then exposed mice to dietary doses of emulsifiers for 11 weeks. T80, PPI, and PPI + CAX groups were similar to the control group in terms of physiological characteristics, vitamin status and inflammation biomarkers. However, LPS-specific serum IgG levels were reduced in the PPI (-31.05%, p = 0.0006) and PPI + CAX (-34.66%, p = 0.0001) groups compared to the T80 group at the end of the intervention. Exposure to T80, but not to PPI or PPI + CAX, tended to reduce the distance between bacteria and the jejunal epithelium (-60.67%, p = 0.0779) and modified the composition of fecal microbiota. Combination of pea protein and arabinoxylans thus appears as a sustainable alternative to synthetic emulsifiers for vitamin D3 delivery.
Anterior Oblique Osteotomy for Mandibular Advancements: Highlighting a Minimally Invasive Solution
Authors: Claus Jonathas Daniel Paggi , Almeida Matheus Spinella , Lopes Hugo José Correia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is widely used for mandibular advancements but is often associated with complications such as nerve disturbances, limited angle projection, and mandibular notching. This study describes a modification, the anterior oblique osteotomy (AOO), within the minimally invasive orthognathic surgery (MIOS) concept, addressing these challenges.
METHODS
A single-center retrospective study was conducted involving 30 patients who underwent bimaxillary surgery using AOO. Pre- and postoperative computed tomography scans were analyzed to measure the increase in posterior mandibular height.
RESULTS
The mean mandibular advancement was 7.8 mm, with no unfavorable splits or nerve injuries. All patients achieved full recovery of the inferior alveolar nerve by two weeks postoperatively. Significant improvements in posterior mandibular height were observed, increasing from 58.3 mm preoperatively to 67.2 mm postoperatively (p < 0.001). No cases of non-union, malunion, malocclusion, or relapse were reported during follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
The AOO technique, when applied within the MIOS framework, presents a viable alternative to traditional BSSO, it offers reduced morbidity and enhanced aesthetic results. Further studies, including control groups, are recommended to confirm the long-term stability of the vertical increase and clinical outcomes.
Do the Orbitofrontal cortex and the Amygdala encode enough information to detect Small Animal Phobia? A binary support vector machine study
Authors: Scarano Alessandro ,   Ascensión Fumero3, Maddidini Luca Sarzi , Ruà Enrico , Rivero Francisco , Marrero Rosario J. , Olivares Teresa , Álvarez-Pérez Yolanda , Peñate Wenceslao , Grecucci Alessandro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Small animal phobia (SAP) is an anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear triggered by small animals. Existing studies on SAP have primarily used univariate analyses and small, unbalanced samples, leading to inconsistent findings. Many brain structures have been proposed as potential candidates for encoding SAP, including the amygdala, the orbitofrontal cortex, the insula, the cingulate gyrus, the hippocampus, the precuneus, and the putamen. However, no previous study has systematically compared the predictive role of each of these regions to determine which one provides the most accurate classification of individuals with SAP. To address this question, we tested the predictive power of these brain regions associated with SAP. Structural MRI images of 32 individuals with SAP and 90 matched healthy controls were analyzed using multiple Binary Support Vector Machines (BSVM). Our results showed that the most critical regions for classifying SAP, in order of significance, were the orbitofrontal cortex (balanced accuracy = 80.83%), the amygdala (76.15%), the insula (71.35%), and the posterior cingulate (71.25%). However, only the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala consistently exceeded chance levels across all additional parameters considered (precision, specificity, sensitivity, and F1-score). In conclusion, this study enhances the understanding of the neural basis of small animal phobia, suggesting new research directions and diagnostic strategies using advanced machine learning methods applied to neuroimaging data. Clinical implications are also discussed.
Water scarcity and the agricultural trade structure in Morocco: A quantification of virtual water flows in Morocco’s foreign trade of agricultural products
Authors: BOUDHAR Said , Boudhar Abdeslam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Morocco, a semi-arid/arid country located at the northwest of Africa, is facing serious water scarcity driven by the dual-stresses of decreasing availability of water resources and increasing water demands. Virtual water trade could be an effective tool to alleviate water scarcity. The paper presents an analysis of the relationships between agrarian productions, foreign trade and water sector in Morocco by deriving a comprehensive estimate of virtual water export and import in Morocco’s foreign trade of 40 crop products during the period from 2000 to 2017. Our objectives include determining the intensity of water consumption of exported and imported crop products and quantifying the water consumed and saved, respectively, by locally producing and importing these products. To this end, FAO's Penman-Monteith climate model was used to estimate crop water requirements based on data on meteorological factors. The results show that Morocco was a net virtual water importer during the study period. The deficit was 595.74 Gm3. The tendency of total virtual water export was on a rising trend, while the total virtual water import was on a downward trend. The main exported virtual water was from vegetables (68.87 Gm3., 72.47%) and the main imported virtual water was from cereals (679.68 Gm3., 98.4%). Regarding crop product's water intensity, we found that the exported crop products were excessively concentrated on water intensive products such as mandarin and clementine, figs, orange, apricots, plums, citrus fruits, olives, tomatoes, asparagus, peas and artichokes. On the other hand, the agricultural policy 2009–2020 increased the production of water-intensive products. This finding seems to be geeing against the virtual water trade theory, which states that water-poor countries should import water-intensive products, and produce locally products with lower water requirements.
John Keats’ Negative capability in J.K. Rowling’s Series, Harry Potter
Authors: Reem Adnan Hamad  
Published: February 2025

The English poet John Keats first coined the term "negative capability" in a letter he wrote to his brothers George and Tom in 1817. It refers to a writer's capability, "which Shakespeare possessed so enormously," to endure "uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason."
The notion of negative capability refers to the ability to exist inside the realm of mystery or to cope with unanswered concerns. It accepts this incomplete knowledge and encourages a deliberate suspension of disbelief in order to foster curiosity and receptivity toward a larger, more imaginative narrative. As a result, Rowling spends time explaining many things in her universe, where many other features of the world remain mysterious, such as the origins of magic or the method by which a Muggle-born kid acquires the wizard genes.
The achievable benefit of this study is that it expands the reader's and researcher's comprehension of the ideas and possibilities of a literary work from a negative standpoint by asking them to trust the author that the entire narrative can still be told even in the absence of complete knowledge about every detail of the story’s environment.
Ameliorating effect of Cynara scolymus (artichoke) against thiamethoxam-induced hepatotoxicity in poultry
Authors: Moktar Amal , S. Amer Magdy , E. Hassan Aza , Ateya Ahmed , Elashry Eman 
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effects of thiamethoxam (TMX), a neonicotinoid insecticide, on liver health in chickens and examined whether artichoke extract (ART) could offer protection. Forty-eight healthy chicks were divided into four groups: a control group given saline, a TMX group given TMX, a TMX + ART group given both TMX and ART and a protective ART + TMX group given ART first, then TMX. The results showed that artichoke extract significantly improved blood parameters and reduced liver damage markers compared to the TMX group. It also decreased oxidative stress and boosted antioxidant defenses. Gene expression analysis revealed that ART downregulated inflammatory markers in the liver. Histological examination confirmed that artichoke extract helped restore normal liver structure. Overall, artichoke extract effectively mitigated TMX-induced liver damage by reducing oxidative stress and improving biochemical and antioxidant markers.
Falling rates but projected rising numbers of fractures in elderly Norwegians: a study of fracture rates in the Norwegian patient registry from 2010 to 2021, extrapolated to 2041
Authors: Andvig Jørgen , Johnsen Lars G , Nilsen Sara M , Bjørnelv Gudrun W , Asheim Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Our aim was to calculate rates of major fractures by fracture location in elderly Norwegians over the years 2010 to 2021 and thereby estimate the volume of fractures in this population by 2041.Methods: We identified fractures in persons aged 65 years and over from the Norwegian Patient Registry. We summarized age- and sex-specific numbers of fractures and incidence rates by fracture location. Extrapolating adjusted incidence rates combined with population projections from Statistics Norway, we estimated the expected numbers of fracture cases for the following 20 years.Results: The total number of major fractures rose from 22,581 in 2010 to 27,596 in 2021. While the number of hip fractures was relatively stable (8,164 to 8,194 over the period), there were substantial increases in the number of fractures in the upper extremities, spine and pelvis, and lower extremities. Annual changes in incidence rates adjusted for age and sex were 0.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4–0.7), 1.2% (CI 0.9–1.4), 0.4% (CI 0.1–0.7), and –1.9% (CI –2.0 to –1.7) for upper extremity, spine and pelvis, lower extremity, and hip respectively. Extrapolating trends in incidence rates, we estimate a 64% (95% prediction interval 48–70) overall increase in the number of major fractures by 2041 compared with 2021, primarily due to the aging of the population.Conclusion: Incidence rates of hip fractures decreased over the period, while rates of other major fractures increased. We can expect a substantial increase in the number of fractures over the coming years, primarily due to the expected aging of the population.