bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Contact Resistance of Dual‐Gated MoS2 FETs Using Fermi‐Level Pinning‐Free Antimony Semi‐Metal Contacts
Authors: Ngo Tien Dat , Huynh Tuyen , Jung Hanggyo , Ali Fida , Jeon Jongwook , Choi Min Sup , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAchieving low contact resistance (RC) is one of the major challenges in producing 2D FETs for future CMOS technology applications. In this work, the electrical characteristics for semimetal (Sb) and normal metal (Ti) contacted MoS2 devices are systematically analyzed as a function of top and bottom gate‐voltages (VTG and VBG). The semimetal contacts not only significantly reduce RC but also induce a strong dependence of RC on VTG, in sharp contrast to Ti contacts that only modulate RC by varying VBG. The anomalous behavior is attributed to the strongly modulated pseudo‐junction resistance (Rjun) by VTG, resulting from weak Fermi level pinning (FLP) of Sb contacts. In contrast, the resistances under both metallic contacts remain unchanged by VTG as metal screens the electric field from the applied VTG. Technology computer aided design simulations further confirm the contribution of VTG to Rjun, which improves overall RC of Sb‐contacted MoS2 devices. Consequently, the Sb contact has a distinctive merit in dual‐gated (DG) device structure, as it greatly reduces RC and enables effective gate control by both VBG and VTG. The results offer new insight into the development of DG 2D FETs with enhanced contact properties realized by using semimetals.
Beyond pollen:ovule ratios: Evolutionary consequences of pollinator dependence and pollination efficiency for pollen and ovule production in angiosperms
Authors: Harder Lawrence D. , Johnson Steven D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPremiseThe relative per‐flower production of ovules and pollen varies broadly with angiosperm mating systems, with outcrossing types commonly producing more pollen grains per ovule than selfing types. The evolutionary causes of this variation are contentious, especially the relevance of pollination risk. Resolution of this debate may have been hampered by its focus on pollen:ovule (P:O) ratios rather than on the evolution of pollen and ovule numbers per se.MethodsUsing published mean ovule and pollen counts, we analyzed associations with the proportion of removed pollen that reaches stigmas (pollen‐transfer efficiency) and differences between pollinator‐dependent and autogamous forms within and among species. Analyses involved Bayesian methods that simultaneously considered variation in pollen and ovule numbers and accounted for phylogenetic relatedness. We also assessed the utility of P:O ratios as mating‐system proxies and their association with female outcrossing rates.ResultsMedian pollen number declined consistently with pollen‐transfer efficiency among species, whereas median ovule number did not. Similarly, in both intraspecific and interspecific analyses, pollinator‐dependent plants produced more pollen than autogamous plants, whereas ovule production did not differ statistically. Distributions of P:O ratios overlapped extensively for self‐incompatible and self‐compatible species and for different mating‐system classes, and P:O ratios correlated weakly with outcrossing rate.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that pollinator dependence and pollination efficiency commonly influence the evolution of pollen number per flower but have more limited effects on ovule number. P:O ratios provide ambiguous, possibly misleading, information about mating systems, especially when compared among clades.
Gas chromatographic separation of the fatty acid methyl esters prepared from dairy products, partially hydrogenated oils, and refined vegetable oils applying a negative temperature gradient
Authors: Delmonte Pierluigi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo date no single gas chromatographic method can simultaneously measure all fatty acids (FA), including trans‐FA (TFA), that are contained in dairy products, partially hydrogenated oils (PHO), and refined vegetable oils. Using 100% poly(biscyanopropyl siloxane) capillary columns, ruminant and dairy fats are preferentially analyzed by applying temperature programs that separate short chain FA, but not trans‐18:3 from 20:1. Refined vegetable oils and PHO are preferentially analyzed by applying isothermal elutions that provide quantification of all 18 carbon TFA including trans‐18:3 FA, but not of all short chain FA. In this short communication, we propose a temperature program method capable of simultaneously measuring short chain FA and all 18 carbon TFA including trans‐18:3 by applying a negative temperature gradient after the elution of trans‐18:1. A simplified version of the method is also described for equipment not able to perform negative temperature gradients.
Synthesis and characterizations of polystyrene materials with low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss at high frequency
Authors: Zhang Sai , Zhang Yulin , Wang Zhi Yuan , Qiao Wenqiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, a facile and efficient approach to the modification of polystyrene (PS) materials with low dielectric properties at high frequency is reported. A series of N‐acetoxy amide (AA)‐containing polystyrenes (PSAAs) synthesized by free‐radical polymerization can be transformed into NCO‐containing polymers (rPSAAs) via Lossen rearrangement reaction of the AA group. The modified PS materials were then obtained by reacting the rPSAAs with hydroxyl‐terminated poly(phenylene oxide) (PPOD), polybutadiene, and amino‐terminated polysiloxane, respectively. The thermal stability, mechanical, and dielectric properties of PPOD‐modified PS materials were improved with increase of PPOD content. The PPOD (20 wt%)‐modified PS had a dielectric constant of 2.22 and dissipation factor of 1.65 × 10−3 at 10 GHz. This work provides an easy and effective method to prepare high performance modified PS materials by introducing poly(phenylene oxide), which could meet the requirement of new‐generation communication technology.
A μ‐H∞ control strategy for decreasing torque fluctuation of electro‐hydraulic integrated braking system in mode switching
Authors: Zhang Ruijun , Zhao Wanzhong , Wang Chunyan , Xu Can , Wu Gang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the difference of time‐domain response between hydraulic braking and regenerative braking, as well as changes of equivalent parameters and operating parameters during braking mode switching, it is liable to cause torque fluctuation, which affects braking safety and vehicle ride comfort. First, the uncertainties of vehicle load and frictional coefficient model are investigated. Second, the hybrid system theory is applied to provide state transfer condition for mode switching strategy. Finally, the control strategy that utilizes regenerative braking torque to compensate for difference of the required braking torque is designed, and a new μ‐H∞ control algorithm through D‐K iteration is presented to improve the robust performance. The proposed μ‐H∞ control strategy is examined under various braking situations, and the results indicate that (1) the μ‐H∞ controller have the advantage of robustness performance, the amplitude of regenerative braking is decreased by 6.14%, and the steady‐state error of hydraulic braking is decreased by 5.26% over the H∞, and (2) under the braking mode switching, the designed compensation control strategy has the performance of fast and accurate tracking of the desired torque, and the steady‐state error does not exceed 3.5%.
Mitigating Wildland Interface Fires for Water Utilities
Authors: Gutierrez Robert , Lagunas Esaud 
Published: May 2023

Key TakeawaysFacing an increase in the size and complexity of wildland interface fires, water utilities must pay more attention to protecting vital infrastructures during potentially catastrophic wildfires.Water utilities can mitigate the impacts of wildfires by using a three‐pronged approach that includes collaborating with fire agencies, protecting infrastructure, and supporting air assets like firefighting helicopters.Gaining situational awareness at the onset of a wildfire helps minimize its impacts.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy complicated by coagulopathy: A case report
Authors: Kumari Swati , Lamichhane Ramesh , Karki Pawan , Adhikari Pritha 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageWe present the case of a rare obstetric emergency, which is usually fatal. Our case highlights suspicion of AFLP in patients presenting with jaundice in the third trimester with good maternal and fetal outcomes after a timely intervention.AbstractAcute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare, obstetric emergency characterized by maternal liver dysfunction that can lead to maternal and fetal complications. We report a case of 28‐year‐old primigravida 39 weeks gestation diagnosed with AFLP complicated by coagulopathy with good maternal and fetal outcomes after a timely intervention.
Hospital‐at‐home care for immunodeficient patients with COVID‐19: Approach to persistent COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Miyamoto Yuki , Matsumura Yasufumi , Sumiyoshi Shougen , Morikami Yoshiki , Nagao Miki 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessagePatients with COVID‐19 who have undergone B‐cell depletion therapy could have prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 infection; therefore, even in the hospital‐at‐home setting, primary care physicians should carefully consider the treatment regimen and the timing of ending isolations in such cases, and should not hesitate to consult with infectious disease specialists if necessary.AbstractWe presented the first reported case of hospital‐at‐home care for a patient with persistent COVID‐19 who had undergone B‐cell depletion therapy. He received hospital‐at‐home care, including two courses of remdesivir; however, he ultimately failed to recover and was transferred to the hospital.
Pelvic gunshot wound presenting as bladder clot concealing a left external iliac injury
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba , Mathye Charles Eustachia 
Published: May 2023

Key clinical messageThis is the first reported case of a pelvic gunshot wound with a bladder injury masking a coinciding left external iliac artery injury. A high index of suspicion for an acute and traumatic ilio‐vesical fistula should be raised in the presence of the following triad: bright red hematuria, bladder distension from clot retention, hemodynamic instability after bladder decompression “Mukendi's triad.”AbstractIliac artery injury from gunshot wounds is very rare and a lethal injury associated with high mortality rate. Concurrent ballistic external iliac artery and bladder injuries resulting in an acute ilio‐vesical shunt or fistula and discovered at the time of presentation are extremely rare.In this report, we present an unprecedented case of multiple pelvic gunshot wounds presented with a distended injured bladder full of clots concealing a left external iliac injury by tamponade effect.
Enantiomeric discrimination by chiral electromagnetic resonance enhancement
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Simon Alexander , Kotov Nicholas A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCircularly polarized light interacts preferentially with the biomolecules to generate spectral fingerprints reflecting their primary and secondary structure in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The spectral features can be transferred to the visible and near‐infrared regions by coupling the biomolecules with plasmonic assemblies made of noble metals. Nanoscale gold tetrahelices were used to detect the presence of chiral objects that are 40 times smaller in size by using plane‐polarized light of 550 nm wavelength. The emergence of chiral hotspots in the gaps between 80 nm long tetrahelices differentiate between weakly scattering S‐ vs R‐molecules with optical constants similar to that of organic solvents. Simulations map the spatial distribution of the scattered field to reveal enantiomeric discrimination with selectivity up to 0.54.
The effects of voluntary running exercise on the astrocytes of the medial prefrontal cortex in APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Liu Mei , Zhu Lin , Guo Yi‐jing , Zhang Shan‐shan , Jiang Lin , Zhang Yi , Chao Feng‐lei , Tang Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPathological changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and astrocytes are closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Voluntary running has been found to effectively delay AD. However, the effects of voluntary running on mPFC astrocytes in AD are unclear. A total of 40 10‐month‐old male amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice and 40 wild‐type (WT) mice were randomly divided into control and running groups, and the running groups underwent voluntary running for 3 months. Mouse cognition was assessed by the novel object recognition (NOR), Morris water maze (MWM), and Y maze tests. The effects of voluntary running on mPFC astrocytes were investigated using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and stereology. APP/PS1 mice performed significantly worse than WT mice in the NOR, MWM, and Y maze tests, and voluntary running improved the performance of APP/PS1 mice in these tests. The total number of mPFC astrocytes was increased, cell bodies were enlarged, and protrusion number and length were increased in AD mice compared with WT mice, but there was no difference in component 3 (C3) levels in the mPFC (total mPFC level); however, C3 and S100B levels in astrocytes were increased in AD mice. Voluntary running reduced the total number of astrocytes and S100B levels in astrocytes and increased the density of PSD95+ puncta in direct contact with astrocyte protrusions in the APP/PS1 mouse mPFC. Three months of voluntary running inhibited astrocyte hyperplasia and S100B expression in astrocytes, increased the density of synapses in contact with astrocytes, and improved cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice.
Genomic prediction for drought tolerance using multienvironment data in a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) breeding program
Authors: Morais Odilon Peixoto , Müller Bárbara S. F. , Valdisser Paula Arielle Mendes Ribeiro , Brondani Claudio , Vianello Rosana Pereira 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis work evaluated the efficiency of different genomic prediction (GP) methods in a diverse Mesoamerican panel of 339 common bean accessions, genotyped with 3398 SNP markers. Field experiments were carried out for three consecutive years, with adequate water supply (non‐stress—NS) and water restriction imposition (water‐stress—WS), analyzing seed weight (SW) and grain yield (GY). Two methods to predict the accuracies (rĝg) were adopted (GBLUP and Bayes) and also considered the environmental variation (GBLUP‐based reaction norm model). Similar accuracies were observed for both methods. For GY, the highest rĝg were detected under NS (rĝg = 0.49) in 2016 (rĝg = 0.49) and in the joint analysis for the WS condition (rĝg = 0.33), both for models using local landraces. For SW under NS, the rĝg was higher for the elite lines (rĝg = 0.72), whereas for WS, the rĝg dropped considerably, ranging from 0.45 to 0.61 for the joint analysis, considering the landraces and all samples, respectively. For GY and SW, under NS, the rĝg using both models increased with increasing number of SNPs, until reaching a plateau of 800 and 300 SNPs, respectively. Increasing the training population (TP) size resulted in greater accuracy. Taking in account the Genotype × Environment, the multienvironment model performed better especially for more complex traits (GY/NS: rĝg = 0.32). The GP approach has great potential to help commercial bean breeding programs improving the performance of target quantitative traits.
The effect of sea‐level rise on estuary filling in scaled landscape experiments
Authors: Weisscher Steven A. H. , Adema Pelle H. , Rossius Jan‐Eike , Kleinhans Maarten G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstactWhen sea‐level rise slowed down in the middle Holocene, fluvial and coastal sediments filled the newly created accommodation, whilst others remained largely unfilled because of limited sediment supply. In view of current and future rapid sea‐level rise, the question arises how estuarine systems will adapt and whether the land‐level rise may keep up. Besides geological data and conceptual models of large‐scale and long‐term estuary filling, little is known about the filling process during sea‐level rise on the decadal‐to‐centennial time scale that is relevant for society. This study focusses on how sea‐level rise affects the morphological and hydrodynamic development of filling estuaries. To this end, scaled laboratory experiments were conducted in a tilting flume facility that creates bidirectional tidal currents and develops entire estuaries. A net importing estuary with sand, mud and vegetation was formed that was subjected to linear sea‐level rise. Findings show less of the imported sand was deposited landward following sea‐level rise than in an experiment without sea‐level rise. The bay‐head delta and the flood‐tidal delta retained nearly enough sediment to keep up with sea‐level rise, whilst the tidal embayment in between drowned except for the highest vegetated bars. Sea‐level rise also reduced vegetation survival and sprouting potential, as prolonged inundation increased mortality, negating the potential eco‐engineering effect. This resulted in lower vegetation coverage with sea‐level rise than under constant sea level. These findings suggest that sea‐level rise may cause natural systems to drown even if nearly sufficient sediment is available to fill the newly created accommodation, particularly in areas further away from the fluvial and marine sediment sources. Finally, depending on the sea‐level rise rate, the flood‐tidal delta may show back‐stepping like fluvial deltas, but in the reverse direction towards the sea.
Phylogenetic and functional trait‐based community assembly within Pacific Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae): Evidence for clustering at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Johnson Melissa A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTropical rainforest communities are often characterized by a small number of species‐rich genera that contribute disproportionately to the alpha diversity in these habitats. In the Pacific Basin, there are nearly 200 species of Cyrtandra, most of which are white‐flowered woody shrubs that are single‐island endemics. Within these island communities, multiple Cyrtandra species are commonly observed to occur sympatrically in wet forest understories, forming swarms of what appear to be ecologically similar taxa. The aim of this study was to determine whether species of these plants are randomly assembled with respect to phylogenetic relatedness and traits that are ecologically relevant. I examined assembly patterns across three Pacific archipelagoes using a combination of 10 functional traits and a well‐resolved phylogeny comprising 34 species of Cyrtandra. Coexisting species were found to be more closely related and more phenotypically similar than would be expected by chance. This pattern was observed at both regional (island) and local (site) spatial scales. The retention of phylogenetic signal in floral traits and the strong influence of these traits on the observed degree of phylogenetic clustering may indicate that generalist insect pollinators act as a biotic filter on oceanic islands, driving selection for similar floral morphology among closely related species of Pacific Cyrtandra. Phylogenetic signal was also detected in leaf size, which contributed to niche clustering at both spatial scales. Coupled with a propensity for long‐distance dispersal, and the restricted distribution of Cyrtandra to rainforest understories, this finding suggests that environmental filtering along this trait axis may be more important than dispersal limitation in determining species assemblages. This study supports the theory that plant species are not randomly assembled, and instead, that niche‐based processes structure biodiversity at regional and local spatial scales in diverse congeneric species assemblages.
Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in children with mild malformation of cortical development and oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy
Authors: Liu Xianyu , Zhu Ying , Liu Qingzhu , Zhang Shuang , Wu Pengxia , Sun Yu , Zhang Jie , Wang Ruofan , Ji Taoyun , Wang Shuang , Liu Xiaoyan , Jiang Yuwu , Cai Lixin , Wu Ye 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveMild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE) is a new and rare histopathological entity of cortical developmental malformations. The clinical characteristics of MOGHE remain challenging.MethodsChildren with histologically confirmed MOGHE were retrospectively studied. The clinical findings, electroclinical and imaging features, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed, and previously published studies were reviewed up to June 2022.ResultsThirty‐seven children were included in our cohort. Clinical characteristics included early onset in infancy (94.6% before 3 years), multiple seizure types, and moderate or severe delay. Epileptic spasm is the most common seizure type and initial manifestation. The lesions were mainly multilobar (59.5% multiple lobes and 8.1% hemispheres), and predominance in the frontal lobe was observed. The interictal EEG pattern was circumscribed or widespread. The prominent MRI characteristics were cortical thickening, cortical/subcortical hyperintense T2/FLAIR signal, and blurring at the GM and WM transition. Among the 21 children followed up for more than 1 year after surgery, 76.2% were seizure‐free. Preoperative interictal circumscribed discharges and larger resections were significantly associated with a good postoperative outcome. The clinical features of 113 patients in the reviewed studies were similar to those we reported, but the lesions were mainly unilobar (73.5%) and Engel I was achieved in only 54.2% after surgery.SignificanceDistinct clinical characteristics in MOGHE, especially age at onset, epileptic spasm, and age‐related MRI characteristics, can help in early diagnosis. Preoperative interictal discharge and surgical strategy may be predictors of postoperative outcomes.
Distance‐dependent distribution thresholding in probabilistic tractography
Authors: Chang Ya‐Ning , Halai Ajay D. , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTractography is widely used in human studies of connectivity with respect to every brain region, function, and is explored developmentally, in adulthood, ageing, and in disease. However, the core issue of how to systematically threshold, taking into account the inherent differences in connectivity values for different track lengths, and to do this in a comparable way across studies has not been solved. By utilising 54 healthy individuals' diffusion‐weighted image data taken from HCP, this study adopted Monte Carlo derived distance‐dependent distributions (DDDs) to generate distance‐dependent thresholds with various levels of alpha for connections of varying lengths. As a test case, we applied the DDD approach to generate a language connectome. The resulting connectome showed both short‐ and long‐distance structural connectivity in the close and distant regions as expected for the dorsal and ventral language pathways, consistent with the literature. The finding demonstrates that the DDD approach is feasible to generate data‐driven DDDs for common thresholding and can be used for both individual and group thresholding. Critically, it offers a standard method that can be applied to various probabilistic tracking datasets.