bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Thermoelectricity for Power Generation
Authors: Ayachi Sahar , He Xin , Yoon Hyo Jae 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThermoelectric materials convert waste heat into electricity, making sustainable power generation possible when a temperature gradient is applied. Solar radiation is one potential abundant and eco‐friendly heat source for this application, where one side of the thermoelectric device is heated by incident sunlight, while the other side is kept at a cooler temperature. This is known as solar thermoelectric generation. Various thermoelectric materials are used for different solar thermoelectric applications, and different methods are explored to enhance the temperature gradient across the material. Solar optical concentrators, thermal and selective absorbers, and other tools are proposed to improve the performance of solar thermoelectrics. Despite continuous research and development, experimental solar thermoelectric efficiencies remain below 10%, and theoretical efficiencies do not surpass 20%. In this review, the different designs of solar thermoelectric generators are examined within the context of thermoelectric elements, optical concentrators, solar absorbers, and other techniques to enhance their performance. Last, an overview of the current state of solar thermoelectrics is provided, areas for improvement are suggested, and the future of these devices is predicted.
Size‐Controlled Synthesis of IrO2 Nanoparticles at High Temperatures for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Malinovic Marko , Paciok Paul , Koh Ezra Shanli , Geuß Moritz , Choi Jisik , Pfeifer Philipp , Hofmann Jan Philipp , Göhl Daniel , Heggen Marc , Cherevko Serhiy , Ledendecker Marc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIridium oxide is the state‐of‐the‐art catalyst for electrochemical water oxidation in an acidic medium. Despite being one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust, there is a pressing need to maximize the utilization and longevity of active iridium centers. While conventional low‐temperature synthesis can yield nanostructures with high mass‐specific activity, they are often insufficiently stable during water oxidation. Structurally ordered iridium oxide is one of the most stable electrocatalysts utilized in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis that benefits from the chemically ordered structure. However, its preparation requires thermal treatment at high temperatures, which improves its durability but can also result in reduced surface area and altered particle morphology. In this study, the challenge of controlling nanoparticle size during the preparation of structurally ordered iridium oxide is successfully addressed, which typically requires high‐temperature thermal treatment. By utilizing a silica nanoreactor as a hard template, a precise control is achieved over the nanoparticle size during high‐temperature thermal treatment. This approach maintains high durability while avoiding the common problem of reduced surface area and altered particle morphology. Specifically, this study is able to synthesize iridium oxide nanoparticles at temperatures up to 800 °C, while keeping their dimensions below 10 nm.
Expanding the Diversity of Azepino [3,2,1‐hi] Indoles via Transition Metal‐based Strategies such as Cross‐coupling Reaction and Ring Closing Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Meher Punam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHere we report several useful synthetic strategies to azepino hi‐indoles, that are structural units in natural products by using commercially available indole derivatives such as 7‐bromo indole and 7‐formylindole via palladium catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction, ring closing olefin metathesis (RCM) as key steps. Later, we extended this strategy to seven‐membered fused indoles containing dioxano and dioxocano derivatives via allylation, double bond isomerization and RCM sequence as key step. Additionally, azepino indole having diene moiety was obtained by enyne metathesis and shown to be useful for Diels−Alder strategy. Along similar lines, we also report eight‐membered fused azocino indole using Grignard reaction and RCM as key steps and we demonstrated that the product obtained is useful for Fischer indolization to obtain bis‐indole derivative. Here several synthetically useful transformations were performed to generate diversity in the fused indole derivatives. All the compounds synthesized here are well characterized by NMR and HRMS data.Introduction
Early β‐amyloid accumulation in the brain is associated with peripheral T cell alterations
Authors: Gericke Christoph , Kirabali Tunahan , Flury Roman , Mallone Anna , Rickenbach Chiara , Kulic Luka , Tosevski Vinko , Hock Christoph , Nitsch Roger M. , Treyer Valerie , Ferretti Maria Teresa , Gietl Anton 
Published: June 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFast and minimally invasive approaches for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are highly anticipated. Evidence of adaptive immune cells responding to cerebral β‐amyloidosis has raised the question of whether immune markers could be used as proxies for β‐amyloid accumulation in the brain.METHODSHere, we apply multidimensional mass‐cytometry combined with unbiased machine‐learning techniques to immunophenotype peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a total of 251 participants in cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies.RESULTSWe show that increases in antigen‐experienced adaptive immune cells in the blood, particularly CD45RA‐reactivated T effector memory (TEMRA) cells, are associated with early accumulation of brain β‐amyloid and with changes in plasma AD biomarkers in still cognitively healthy subjects.DISCUSSIONOur results suggest that preclinical AD pathology is linked to systemic alterations of the adaptive immune system. These immunophenotype changes may help identify and develop novel diagnostic tools for early AD assessment and better understand clinical outcomes.
A life‐threatening case of pheochromocytoma crisis with hemodynamic instability
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroaki , Kiriu Nobuaki , Kato Hiroshi , Kiyozumi Tetsuro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPheochromocytoma crisis (PCC) is a fatal disease characterized by hyper and/or hypotension, hyperthermia, and encephalopathy, and its diagnosis and treatment are challenging.Case presentationA 50‐year‐old woman presented with hypertension, and computed tomography showed an adrenal tumor. Fever, shock, and impaired consciousness were observed, and PCC was diagnosed clinically. Systolic blood pressure fluctuated from 40–220 mmHg within a few minutes, and circulatory agonists were adjusted accordingly. The blood pressure changes gradually stabilized with α‐blockade. Surgery was performed on hospital day 26, and the pathological diagnosis was consistent with a pheochromocytoma. She was discharged on hospital day 37.ConclusionComputed tomography may facilitate early diagnosis in the acute phase of PCC in case of limited patient medical information and insufficient time to wait for a definitive diagnosis using traditional hormone tests. The shock requires pharmacological therapy to maintain circulation, and paradoxically, the administration of α‐blockade can be lifesaving.
Metagenomics of the Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease: Prodromal Changes
Authors: Palacios Natalia , Wilkinson Jeremy , Bjornevik Kjetil , Schwarzschild Michael A. , McIver Lauren , Ascherio Alberto , Huttenhower Curtis 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivePrior studies on the gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease (PD) have yielded conflicting results, and few studies have focused on prodromal (premotor) PD or used shotgun metagenomic profiling to assess microbial functional potential. We conducted a nested case–control study within 2 large epidemiological cohorts to examine the role of the gut microbiome in PD.MethodsWe profiled the fecal metagenomes of 420 participants in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study with recent onset PD (N = 75), with features of prodromal PD (N = 101), controls with constipation (N = 113), and healthy controls (N = 131) to identify microbial taxonomic and functional features associated with PD and features suggestive of prodromal PD. Omnibus and feature‐wise analyses identified bacterial species and pathways associated with prodromal and recently onset PD.ResultsWe observed depletion of several strict anaerobes associated with reduced inflammation among participants with PD or features of prodromal PD. A microbiome‐based classifier had moderate accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.76 for species and 0.74 for pathways) to discriminate between recently onset PD cases and controls. These taxonomic shifts corresponded with functional shifts indicative of carbohydrate source preference. Similar, but less marked, changes were observed in participants with features of prodromal PD, in both microbial features and functions.InterpretationPD and features of prodromal PD were associated with similar changes in the gut microbiome. These findings suggest that changes in the microbiome could represent novel biomarkers for the earliest phases of PD. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:486–501
Bestimmung der Produktivität der direkten Umwandlung von Methan in Methanol mittels Kupfer ausgetauschtem Zeolith Omega (MAZ) mittels dem Sauerstoff Looping Verfahren
Authors: Wieser Johannes , Knorpp Amy J. , Stoian Dragos C. , Rzepka Przemyslaw , Newton Mark A. , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDie Methan in Methanol (MtM) Umwandlung über den Sauerstoff‐Looping‐Ansatz unter Verwendung von kupferausgetauschten Zeolithen wurde in den letzten zehn Jahren eingehend untersucht. Während sich ein Großteil der Forschung auf die Maximierung von Ausbeute und Selektivität konzentrierte, wurde der Produktivität weniger Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt ‐ einer Kennzahl, die für die Bewertung des industriellen Potenzials viel aussagekräftiger ist. Anhand von kupferausgetauschtem Zeolith Omega (Cu‐Omega), einem Material mit hoher Aktivität und Selektivität für die MtM‐Umwandlung über den isothermen Sauerstoff‐Looping‐Ansatz, zeigen wir, dass dieses Material ein noch nicht dagewesenes Potenzial für die industrielle Anwendung aufweist. Dabei stellen wir auch eine neuartige Methodik vor, welche Operando XAS und Massenspektrometrie für das Screening von Materialien für die MtM‐Umwandlung im Sauerstoff‐Looping‐Verfahren kombiniert.
N−X⋅⋅⋅O−N Halogen Bonds in Complexes of N‐Haloimides and Pyridine‐N‐oxides: A Large Data Set Study
Authors: Puttreddy Rakesh , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Yu Shilin , Rissanen Kari 
Published: June 2023

AbstractN−X⋅⋅⋅−O−N+ halogen‐bonded systems formed by 27 pyridine N‐oxides (PyNOs) as halogen‐bond (XB) acceptors and two N‐halosuccinimides, two N‐halophthalimides, and two N‐halosaccharins as XB donors are studied in silico, in solution, and in the solid state. This large set of data (132 DFT optimized structures, 75 crystal structures, and 168 1H NMR titrations) provides a unique view to structural and bonding properties. In the computational part, a simple electrostatic model (SiElMo) for predicting XB energies using only the properties of halogen donors and oxygen acceptors is developed. The SiElMo energies are in perfect accord with energies calculated from XB complexes optimized with two high‐level DFT approaches. Data from in silico bond energies and single‐crystal X‐ray structures correlate; however, data from solution do not. The polydentate bonding characteristic of the PyNOs’ oxygen atom in solution, as revealed by solid‐state structures, is attributed to the lack of correlation between DFT/solid‐state and solution data. XB strength is only slightly affected by the PyNO oxygen properties [(atomic charge (Q), ionization energy (Is,min) and local negative minima (Vs,min)], as the σ‐hole (Vs,max) of the donor halogen is the key determinant leading to the sequence N‐halosaccharin>N‐halosuccinimide>N‐halophthalimide on the XB strength.
A Low‐Strain Cathode by sp‐Carbon Induced Conversion in Multi‐Level Structure of Graphdiyne
Authors: Gao Xiaoya , Tian Jianxin , Cheng Shujin , Zuo Zicheng , Wen Rui , He Feng , Li Yuliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA multi‐level architecture formed alternatively by the conformal graphdiyne (GDY) and CuS is well engineered for Li‐free cathode. Such a proof‐of‐concept architecture efficiently integrates the advantages of GDY and produces new functional heterojunctions (sp−C−S−Cu hybridization bond). The layer‐by‐layer 2D confinement effect successfully avoids structural collapse, the selective transport inhibits the shuttling of active components, and the interfacial sp−C−S−Cu hybridization bond significantly regulates the phase conversion reaction. Such new sp−C−S−Cu hybridization of GDY greatly improves the reaction dynamics and reversibility, and the cathode delivers an energy density of 934 Wh kg−1 and an unattenuated lifespan of 3000 cycles at 1 C. Our results indicate that the GDY‐based interface strategy will greatly promote the efficient utilization of the conversion‐type cathodes.
Testing protocols to optimize DNA extraction from tough leaf tissue: A case study in Encephalartos
Authors: Jones Maia M. , Nagalingum Nathalie S. , Handley Vanessa M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPremisePlants with stiff, leathery leaves pose a challenge for standard DNA extraction protocols. These tissues are recalcitrant to mechanical disruption via TissueLyser (or analogous devices) and are often high in secondary metabolites. These compounding factors result in low yields, which may be sufficient for PCR amplification but are generally inadequate for genomic applications that require large quantities of high‐quality DNA. Cycads in the genus Encephalartos exemplify these challenges, as this group of plants is fortified for life in harsh, dry habitats with notoriously thick and rigid leaves.Methods and ResultsUsing a DNA extraction kit, we tested three methods of mechanical disruption and examined the differences between stored vs. freshly collected samples and mature vs. senescing leaflets. We found that the manual method of pulverizing tissue yields the highest concentrations of DNA, and that both senescing leaflets and leaflet tissue that has been stored for extended periods yield sufficient DNA for genomic analyses.ConclusionsThese findings shed light on the feasibility of using senescing leaves and/or tissue that has been stored on silica for long periods of time when attempting to extract large amounts of DNA. We provide here an optimized DNA extraction protocol that can be applied to cycads and other plant groups with tough or rigid leaves.
Modified CTAB protocols for high‐molecular‐weight DNA extractions from ferns
Authors: Xie Pei‐Jun , Ke Ya‐Ting , Kuo Li‐Yaung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPremiseEfficient protocols for extracting high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) DNA from ferns facilitate the long‐read sequencing of their large and complex genomes. Here, we perform two cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)‐based protocols to extract HMW DNA and evaluate their applicability in diverse fern taxa for the first time.Methods and ResultsWe describe two modified CTAB protocols, with key adjustments to minimize mechanical disruption during lysis to prevent DNA shearing. One of these protocols uses a small amount of fresh tissue but yields a considerable quantity of HMW DNA with high efficiency. The other accommodates a large amount of input tissue, adopts an initial step of nuclei isolation, and thus ensures a high yield in a short period of time. Both methods were proven to be robust and effective in obtaining HMW DNA from diverse fern lineages, including 33 species in 19 families. The DNA extractions mostly had high DNA integrity, with mean sizes larger than 50 kbp, as well as high purity (A260/A230 and A260/A280 > 1.8).ConclusionsThis study provides HMW DNA extraction protocols for ferns in the hope of facilitating further attempts to sequence their genomes, which will bridge our genomic understanding of land plant diversity.
Pulling back the curtain: Exploring norms and practices among a sample of anatomy‐related departments in U.S. medical schools
Authors: Griffith MacKenzie , Ferrigno Christopher , Wilson Adam B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnatomy‐related departments have access to comparative research productivity data (e.g., Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research), yet no datasets exist for comparing departments' general practices pertinent to education‐focused faculty. Practice trends in anatomy‐related departments across U.S. medical schools were explored by surveying departmental leaders. The survey inquired about: (i) faculty time allocations, (ii) anatomy teaching services, (iii) faculty labor distribution models, and (iv) faculty compensation practices. A nationally representative sample of 35 departments (of 194) responded to the survey. On average, anatomy educators are allotted 24% (median = 15%) protected time for research, irrespective of funding, 62% for teaching and course administration (median = 68%), 12% for service, and 2% for administration. Forty‐four percent (15 of 34) of departments taught at least five different student populations, often across multiple colleges. Many departments (65%; 11 of 17) applied formulaic methods for determining faculty workloads, often as a function of course credits or contact hours. Average base salaries for assistant and associate professors reported by this survey were consistent (p ≥ 0.056) with national means (i.e., Association of American Medical Colleges Annual Faculty Salary Report). Merit‐based increases and bonuses averaged 5% and 10% of faculty's salaries, respectively, when awarded. Cost‐of‐living increases averaged 3%. Overall, departments' workload and compensation practices vary widely, likely a consequence of different institutional cultures, locations, needs, and financial priorities. This sample dataset allows anatomy‐related departments to compare and reflect upon their practices and competitiveness in recruiting and retaining faculty.
Improving physiotherapy students' anatomy learning experience and short‐term knowledge retention—An observational study in Malta
Authors: Cuschieri Sarah , Narnaware Yuwaraj 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnatomy is physiotherapy's foundation. However, undergraduate classroom learning and knowledge acquisition‐retention remain questionable. This study explored the possibility of improving this learning experience and evaluates the gross anatomy of abdomen and pelvis short‐term knowledge retention among first‐year physiotherapy students in Malta. The online Kahoot! game‐based quiz platform was used through an instructor‐designed best‐of‐four multiple‐choice questions. Correctly answered questions and Kahoot! scores generated by the platform were utilized to measure knowledge retention. Kahoot! sessions 1 and 3 shared similar attendance and response rate and were compared together. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare Kahoot! scores and Chi test for trend to compare correctly answered questions. Students' perceived learning experiences before and after the introduction of the Kahoot quizzes were gathered through Likert scores and analyzed using McNamar's chi‐square test. Overall, a significantly increased trend in correctly answered questions (χ2: 23.38, p‐value: <0.001) across the Kahoot! sessions were evident. Four questions out of 12 exhibited significant Kahoot! scores differences. Students reported better learning experiences following the initiation of Kahoot! (χ2: 5.1, p‐value: 0.02). Indeed, all students agreed that the use of the interactive quiz improved their anatomy short term knowledge retention. Introducing an online interactive quiz as part of the lecture program may be useful to improve the learning experience and anatomy knowledge retention among physiotherapy students.
Using a collaborative working group model to develop an ADHD resource for school staff
Authors: Ward Rebecca J. , Kovshoff Hanna , Kreppner Jana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInclusive education for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presents challenges for school staff and professional development is lacking. Training is not always available when needed, strategies suggested by external experts can be impractical and staff lack autonomy in choosing the best way of being resourced. Additionally, the experience and knowledge of the range of school staff is not utilised. A collaborative working group of school staff and a researcher explored an alternative method of ADHD resourcing. Co‐construction of knowledge defines how the group discursively identified actionable knowledge from the different perspectives and knowledge brought by individual group members. A systemic framework was used to critically reflect on the collaboration. The framework enabled reflection on four areas to understand how and why the collaboration led to a published web‐based school staff ADHD resource. Firstly, starting conditions and assumptions were considered to identify and articulate the rationale for the resource. Secondly, the context and system dynamics enabled consideration of the socio‐cultural and political landscape of the project and the impact of COVID‐19. Thirdly, the different voices of participants and power dynamics were reflected on. Finally, emergence was a frame in which to elucidate knowledge production and changes in practice. The collaborative working group addressed the research–practice gap and the need for diversity of voices to be heard across the school. Knowledge co‐construction positions staff as knowledge bearers and, together with different forms of knowledge, they can be empowered to create new, contextualised evidence‐based knowledge.
A home‐based approach to demonstrate column and thin layer chromatography during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ediriweera Meran Keshawa , Fernando Dilusha , Thoradeniya Tharanga , Warawitagei Dilanthi Hewa , Siridewa Kithmini 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused several educational challenges. Conducting laboratory experiments was an uphill task during the pandemic. Here, we developed a low‐cost and reliable home‐based experimental setup to teach column and thin layer chromatography (TLC) using silica gel granules available at home. Powdered silica gel, prepared by grinding silica gel granules, was used as the stationary phase. Iso‐propyl alcohol, purchased from a pharmacy, was diluted with water and used as the mobile phase. A food coloring was chromatographically separated using the designed column. Moreover, TLC plates were prepared using powdered silica gel and a drop of food coloring was separated on TLC plates using the same mobile phase. In the article, we show our experiences by providing methods used to implement this experimental setup. We assume that this experimental setup will be helpful for other universities, research institutes and schools to develop online laboratory curricula to demonstrate basic chromatography techniques required for subjects such as chemistry, biochemistry and biology.
Lanthanide‐doped rare earth nanoparticles for near‐infrared‐II imaging and cancer therapy
Authors: Zhao Hongxia , Xiao He , Liu Ying , Ju Huangxian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe optical nanoprobes with emissions in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) show low tissue autofluorescence and photon scattering; therefore, they provide high spatial resolution and acceptable tissue penetration depth. These advantages make them appropriate for in vivo applications, including bioimaging, NIR‐II triggered disease therapy, and even on‐site efficacy monitoring. Among the various developed NIR‐II fluorescence probes, lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles (LDNPs) exhibit high photo stability and narrow emission bandwidths with long photoluminescence lifetimes and low cytotoxicity; therefore, they have been widely studied in the biomedical field. This review summarizes the typical compositions and optical properties of recently developed NIR‐II emitting LDNPs. Their applications in in vivo NIR‐II bioimaging and cancer therapy are reviewed. The perspectives and challenges of NIR‐II LDNPs are also discussed.