bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Intricacies: Deciphering the Mystique of Primary Central Nervous System Angiosarcoma
Authors: Ahuja Sana , Malik Shaivy , Ahluwalia Charanjeet 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAngiosarcoma of the central nervous system (CNS) is an exceptionally rare and aggressive vascular malignancy presenting significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report the case of a 22-year-old female with CNS angiosarcoma, highlighting diagnostic intricacies, therapeutic approaches, and management outcomes. Initial symptoms included headache and dizziness, with magnetic resonance imaging revealing a space-occupying lesion in the right parietal lobe, initially misinterpreted as cavernoma. Subsequent surgical resection confirmed angiosarcoma histologically, supported by immunohistochemical analysis showing endothelial markers. Treatment comprised local irradiation postoperatively, resulting in no recurrence or metastasis. Histopathological examination revealed an infiltrative growth pattern with atypical endothelial cells forming irregular vascular spaces. Challenges in diagnosis arise due to overlapping features with other intracranial lesions. Multimodal treatment approaches involving surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy were employed, although their efficacy remains uncertain. Prognosis remains poor, underscoring the imperative for collaborative efforts to enhance understanding and management of this rare malignancy. Our case contributes valuable insights to the limited literature on CNS angiosarcoma, emphasizing the need for comprehensive case studies to refine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Momentum dependent potentials from a parity doubling CMF model in UrQMD: results on flow and particle production
Authors: Steinheimer Jan , Reichert Tom , Nara Yasushi , Bleicher Marcus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) part of the UrQMD model is extended to allow implementation of momentum dependent potentials from a parity doubling chiral mean field (CMF) model. Important aspects like energy conservation and effects on particle production and flow are discussed. It is shown, that this new implementation reproduces qualitatively and quantitatively available data over a wide range of beam energies and improves the description of observables without exception. In particular the description of hyperon and pion production at SIS18 energies is improved. From a comparison with HADES data one could conclude that the present parametrization of the CMF model leads to a slightly too weak momentum dependence. However, a more firm conclusion will require a systematic comparison with flow and multiplicity data over a range of beam energies and system sizes. Our work serves as an important step towards such future studies where the properties of dense QCD matter, through parameters of the CMF model, can be constraint using a comparison of the UrQMD model with high precision heavy ion data, finally also allowing direct comparisons with neutron star and neutron star merger observables.
Universal underwater camera calibration method based on a forward multilayer refractive model
Authors: Wang Yukun , Ye Fan , Chen Xiaobo , Xi Juntong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multiple refractions between different media lead to camera refractive distortions, thereby making it difficult to ensure underwater measurement accuracy. Consequently, precise modeling and calibration of underwater multilayer imaging systems is essential to address these distortions. In this paper, employing a perspective projection scale factor along the light propagation direction, a universal forward multilayer refractive model is presented. On this basis, the refractive model incorporates a general rotation matrix, which not only enriches application diversity but also enhances solution precision. Allowing for direct underwater camera calibration without prior calibration in air, the model simplifies the calibration process and enhances its suitability for practical applications. Through underwater calibration experiments, the refractive model enhances solution efficiency, improves identification precision and distributes evenly and mediately in terms of reprojection error. In addition, it increases the number of identifiable parameters, demonstrating its robustness and superiority in complex parameter identification scenarios. Finally, underwater measurement experiments indicate that the absolute accuracy calibrated and measured by the refractive model is better than 0.25 mm. Overall, combining all the benefits of forward and backward compensation methods, the forward refractive model offers versatility in handling multiple refractions without limited refractive layers.
Relativistic effects on properties of halogen group elements/ions
Authors: Kahil Mohamed , Joudieh Nabil , Chamoun Nidal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the influence of relativistic effects on some atomic properties of the halogen group and gold atoms, including their ions (±1). The analysis covers radii, orbital’s energy, first and second ionization energies, electron affinity, and polarizability. The study confirms that the p1/2 orbitals contract under relativistic effects, whereas for the p3/2 orbitals, the mass-velocity and spin–orbit effects do not appear to cancel each other out completely. This may indicate that the spin–orbit effect grows, when increasing the atomic number, slightly faster than the mass-velocity effect. In addition, expansion of the np3/2 orbitals may lead to dilation of the bond length in the related molecules. We found that the non-relativistic Hartree–Fock method gave, for atoms from fluorine to iodine, first ionization energy values with smaller deviations from their experimental ones than other methods involving relativistic and correlation effects. In particular, the method accurately, up to three significative digits, predicts the experimental value for chlorine, and thus can be adopted, discarding other sophisticated methods considering the huge computational effort required by them while not improving much on the agreement with experiment, when evaluating physical/chemical properties of large systems containing light halogen elements. It also predicts an electron affinity of 2.4 eV for the tennessine atom, where it shows also that the relativistic effects play a more important role than in gold atoms.
Stochastic parabolic system: homogenization in time-dependent potential and random fluctuations
Authors: Li Wanyun , Ma Feiyao , Wo Weifeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study the convergence of the solution to the parabolic system with time-dependent, zero-mean Gaussian potential. Depending on the decorrelation properties of the Gaussian potential, the spatial dimension, and the order of the elliptic operator, we prove that the solution to the parabolic system strongly converges to the deterministic solution of the homogenized system. Additionally, we also get&#xD;that the random fluctuation converges in distribution, after a certain scaling transformation, to the solution of the stochastic partial differential system with additive noise. Unlike the error term, the random fluctuation can asymptotically capture the stochasticity in the solution.
Viral load inference of high dynamic range signals using non-adaptive pooled testing
Authors: Sheikh Mansoor , Saad David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Medical diagnostic testing can be made significantly more efficient using pooled testing protocols. These typically require a sparse infection signal and use either binary or real-valued entries of

O
(
1
)

. However, existing methods do not allow for inferring viral loads which span many orders of magnitude. We develop a message passing algorithm coupled with a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) specific noise function to allow accurate inference of realistic viral load signals. A version of the Combinatorial Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm is employed to compare the obtained inference results with those of our probabilistic message passing. This work is in the non-adaptive setting and could open the possibility of efficient screening where viral load determination is clinically important.
Enhancement of optoelectronic performance by plasmonic effect in TiO2-rGO/Ag-TiO2 based on UV detectors
Authors: Zhumabekov Аlmar , Dossanov Talgat , Kassanova Assia , Ispulov Nurlybek , Iskakova Anargul , Temirbayeva Dilara , Daniyarova Zhanat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the plasmonic effect in ultraviolet (UV) detectors based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Studies have shown that a TiO2-rGO nanocomposite material is obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Adding silver nanoparticles (NPs) and Ag-TiO2 ‘core-shell’ nanostructures (NSs) leads to the plasmonic effect and an increase in the optoelectronic parameters. The TiO2-rGO images were obtained with the help of SEM and Raman spectroscopy, and the ratio ID/IG was found. Hydrothermal synthesis results in a long-term reduction of rGO, i.e., the amount of oxygen-containing groups decreases. Raman spectroscopy shows the presence of peaks characteristic of the starting materials. The absorption properties when adding plasmonic nanoparticles to the films show changes in the absorption spectrum in the visible light region due to the transparency of rGO. The current-voltage characteristics show that the presence of plasmonic particles in the nanocomposite material leads to an increase in the photoinduced current of about 94 μA, which is almost 3.0 times greater. When irradiated, the multicomponent nanocomposite material with plasmonic nanoparticles responds to light three times faster than TiO2- rGO. The results can be used to develop new light-sensitive devices for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications.
Scale–free localization: the role of semi-edges
Authors: Yuce Cem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In a one-dimensional lattice, a semi-edge refers to a boundary region where one direction of coupling between lattice sites is absent, while the coupling in the opposite direction remains intact. This creates a transitional regime where the lattice does not exhibit a complete edge with zero couplings in both directions, but rather shows partial edge-like characteristics due to the absence of coupling in one direction. In this region, certain properties or behaviors associated with edges appear. We consider a one-dimensional non-Hermitian lattice and explore skin localization in the presence of a coupling impurity that acts as a semi-edge. Our findings reveal the emergence of scale-free localized (SFL) modes when an impurity significantly reduces coupling in one direction.
Detection of Emission Line Galaxies in the Slitless Spectra of HST and CSST
Authors: Chen Kaiyuan , Zhu Shuairu , Jiang Linhua , Zheng Zhenya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Slitless spectroscopy onboard space telescopes is a powerful tool to detect emission-line objects such as emission-line galaxies (ELGs) and quasars. In this work, we present a study of ELGs observed with slitless spectroscopy by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in a deep field of ​​​​​​∼44 arcmin2. This is one of the deepest HST fields with a wealth of imaging and spectral data. In particular, previous VLT/MUSE observations have covered this field and identified a large number of ELGs. We reduce the HST spectra using the latest pipeline with a forward modeling algorithm and construct a sample of ELGs. By comparing with the MUSE spectra, we characterize our ELG detection in the HST spectra, including the impact of the line flux, line width, signal-to-noise ratio, etc. We find that the morphological broadening may affect the detection of ELGs, such that more compact sources are easier to be detected in slitless spectra. We discuss its implications to future slitless spectroscopic surveys that will be carried out by the China Space Station Telescope (CSST) and find that the CSST slitless spectroscopy has a capability comparable to that of HST in terms of the detection of emission lines.
Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D
Authors: Ratynskaia S. , Tolias P. , Rizzi T. , Paschalidis K. , Kulachenko A. , Hollmann E. , Beidler M. , Liu Y. , Rudakov D. , Bykov I. , Pitts R.A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The thermo-mechanical response of an ATJ graphite sample to controlled runaway electron (RE) dissipation, realized in DIII-D, is modelled with a novel work-flow that features the RE orbit code KORC, the Monte Carlo particle transport code Geant4 and the finite element multiphysics software COMSOL. KORC provides the RE striking positions and momenta, Geant4 calculates the volumetric energy deposition and COMSOL simulates the thermoelastic response. Brittle failure is predicted according to the maximum normal stress criterion, which is suitable for ATJ graphite owing to its linear elastic behavior up to fracture and its isotropic mechanical properties. Measurements of the conducted energy, damage topology, explosion timing and blown-off material volume, impose a number of empirical constraints that suffice to distinguish between different RE impact scenarios and to identify RE parameters which provide the best match to the observations.
Understanding the formation of a low-pressure pedestal in the presence of a strong internal transport barrier in DIII-D high βp plasmas
Authors: Zhang X.R. , Jian X. , Zhu Y.R. , Zou Y.P. , Li Z.Y. , Zhou Y.J. , Liu L.Z. , Zheng S. , Wang Z.X. , Chen W. , Ding S.Y. , Garofalo A.M. , Chan V.S. , Li G.Q. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As a promising scenario for fusion reactors, the high poloidal-beta (

β

P

) scenario is characterized by a strong large radius internal transport barrier (ITB), which significantly enhances the overall confinement quality and the bootstrap current fraction for fully non-inductive operation. It is frequently observed that in the presence of a strong ITB, the pedestal height is lower and is accompanied by small edge localized modes (ELMs), which further improves the compatibility of a high performance core with an edge solution. A mechanism for the formation of the low pedestal is proposed in this paper. It is found that the strong ITB creates an off-axis bootstrap current to clamp the local safety factor q, and thus the magnetic shear in the outer core/pedestal region is increased. Gyrokinetic simulations with the CGYRO code show that the higher magnetic shear brings the experimental profiles into the range where the growth rate of drift-wave instabilities and thus transport is higher, and therefore a lower pedestal gradient is expected. The combination of low pedestal and high magnetic shear further enhances the turbulent transport across the whole pedestal, consistent with power balance analysis. Such a positive feedback mechanism ultimately results in a lower pressure pedestal as observed in experiments. Under such a low pedestal, linear simulations with BOUT++ predict the growth rates of peeling–ballooning modes to be lower across the whole toroidal mode number spectra, and the nonlinear BOUT++ simulation exhibits lower saturated fluctuation intensity as well, consistent with the experimentally observed lower ELM size.
Mapping the social-ecological suitability of agroforestry in the US Midwest
Authors: Castle Sarah E , Miller Daniel C , Wardropper Chloe B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Agroforestry practices offer the potential to increase agricultural sustainability, but their adoption remains limited, especially in some of the world’s most highly productive regions like the United States (US) Midwest. Integrated assessment of the environmental, social, and economic factors that determine agroforestry’s potential benefits and social acceptability is needed to effectively target agroforestry expansion. To meet this need, we used geospatial multi-criteria decision analysis to map agroforestry’s suitability across the US Midwest. We mapped priority areas where agroforestry is expected to reduce the risk of environmental degradation, provide productive tree growth, and be socially and economically viable. We show that integrating social and economic factors dramatically shifted priorities compared to an environmental-only suitability assessment. Using COMET-Planner, we estimated that expanding agroforestry to the top 5% most suitable land from our analysis (totaling 18.3 million acres) has the potential to store 43 [29–58] Mt of CO2e per year over the business-as-usual scenario. Our integrated approach can help stakeholders identify target areas for agroforestry and provides a theoretical foundation for interdisciplinary suitability mapping that can be adapted for use in other global regions.
The Dirac equation near centenary: a contemporary introduction to the Dirac equation consideration
Authors: Simulik V M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
More then 35 approaches to the Dirac equation derivation are presented. Various physical principles and mathematical methods are used. A review of well-known and not enough known contributions to the problem is given, unexpected and unconventional derivations are presented as well. Three original approaches to the problem suggested by the author are considered: (i) generalization of H. Sallhofer derivation, (ii) obtaining of massless Dirac equation from the Maxwell equations in a maximally symmetrical form, (iii) derivation of the Dirac equation with nonzero mass from relativistic canonical quantum mechanics of the fermion-antifermion spin s = 1/2 doublet. Today we are able to demonstrate new features of our derivations given in original papers. In some sense the important role of the Dirac equation in contemporary theoretical physics is demonstrated. A criterion for the usefulness of one or another derivation of the Dirac equation is established.
Volumetric bioprinting of the osteoid niche
Authors: Duquesne Jessie , Parmentier Laurens , Vermeersch Edward , Lemaire Flora , Seo Jung Won , Dmitriev Ruslan I , Vlierberghe Sandra Van 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Volumetric bioprinting has revolutionized the field of biofabrication by enabling the creation of cubic centimeter-scale living constructs at faster printing times (in the order of seconds). However, a key challenge remains: developing a wider variety of available osteogenic bioinks that allow osteogenic maturation of the encapsulated cells within the construct. Herein, the bioink exploiting a step-growth mechanism (norbornene–norbornene functionalized gelatin in combination with thiolated gelatin—GelNBNBSH) outperformed the bioink exploiting a chain-growth mechanism (gelatin methacryloyl—GelMA), as the necessary photo-initiator concentration was three times lower combined with a more than 50% reduction in required light exposure dose resulting in an improved positive and negative resolution. To mimic the substrate elasticity of the osteoid, two concentrations of the photo-initiator Li-TPO-L (1 and 10 mg ml−1) were compared for post-curing whereby the lowest concentration was selected since it resulted in attaining the osteogenic substrate elasticity combined with excellent biocompatibility with HT1080 cells (>95%). Further physico-chemical testing revealed that the volumetric printing (VP) process affected the degradation time of the constructs with volumetric constructs degrading slower than the control sheets which could be due to the introduced fibrillar structure inherent to the VP process. Moreover, GelNBNBSH volumetric constructs significantly outperformed the GelMA volumetric constructs in terms of a 2-fold increase in photo-crosslinkable moiety conversion and a 3-fold increase in bulk stiffness of the construct. Finally, a 21-day osteogenic cell study was performed with highly viable dental pulp-derived stem cells (>95%) encapsulated within the volumetric printed constructs. Osteogenesis was greatly favored for the GelNBNBSH constructs through enhanced early (alkaline phosphatase activity) and late maturation (calcium production) osteogenic markers. After 21 d, a secretome analysis revealed a more mature osteogenic phenotype within GelNBNBSH constructs as compared to their chain-growth counterpart in terms of osteogenic, immunological and angiogenic signaling.
Plasmonic waveguide-mode based aluminum nanogratings for enhanced chemical and biological sensing in the UV regime
Authors: Ahmed K , Agrawal A K , Kaushik S , Dhawan A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We have designed and modeled one dimensional narrow-gap aluminum nanogratings for plasmonic sensing of bulk and localized changes in the refractive index in the UV spectral region. The proposed configuration of the plasmonic sensors based on narrow-gap nanogratings allows normally light to be directly coupled into plasmonic waveguide modes in the gaps between the nanogratings, thereby alleviating the problem of employing bulky prism coupling mechanisms. The rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) simulations were performed to optimize all the narrow-gap nanograting parameters such as the periodicity ‘P’, the gap between the nanograting walls ‘W’, and height ‘H’ of the nanogratings such that the plasmonic sensors based on these nanogratings operated in the UV spectral region and had the highest values of sensing performance characteristics. The plasmon resonance related dips in the reflectance spectra of these narrow-groove nanogratings can be tuned in the far-UV and deep-UV wavelength ranges by varying the different structural parameters of these nanogratings. Furthermore, we have defined other performance parameters like FOM
bulk
* and FOM
localized
* to account for the depth of the plasmonic resonance dip along with the sensitivity (S) and figure of merit (FOM). These narrow-gap nanogratings have localized regions of high electromagnetic fields inside the gaps between the nanogratings, which results in enhanced sensitivity of the proposed structures. We have calculated the maximum bulk sensitivity (S) of 190 nm RIU−1 with the figure of merit (FOM
bulk
*) of 2.567 RIU−1 in the UV region. Similarly, the highest localized sensitivity (S
s) of 18.2 nm nm−1 and a figure of merit (FOM
localized
*) of 0.15356 nm−1 was obtained for the narrow-gap aluminum nanograting based plasmonic sensor. The high sensitivity achieved in localized and bulk sensing enables this configuration to be developed into a compact and highly robust sensor for chemical and bio-sensing applications.