bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selecting Sunak: Conservative MPs’ Nomination Preferences in the (Second) British Conservative Party Leadership Election
Authors: Booth Oliver , Butler Chris , Jeffery David , Roe-Crines Andrew 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article utilises an original dataset covering all members of the Parliamentary Conservative Party (PCP) to analyse the basis of support for Rishi Sunak, Boris Johnson and Penny Mordaunt in the October 2022 British Conservative Party leadership election. The significance of our findings is that they form the basis for a new understanding of how conservatism in the UK is changing post-Brexit. Our political variables include constituency majority size, red wall status, constituency support for leave, an MP’s position in the June 2022 vote of confidence in Johnson’s leadership of the Conservative Party, ministerial status and rebellion rates on key legislation. Our ideological variables include EU referendum position and membership of the European Research Group and the Conservative Environment Network, along with whether MPs are classed as socially liberal, socially conservative or pro-levelling up. We find that candidates appealed to different, often rival, sections of the Conservative Party. In line with previous studies of this nature, social liberalism still represents a key dividing line within the party, and the European dimension of intra-party conflict has remained significant in light of the UK’s decision to leave the European Union.
Viral synergism suppresses R gene-mediated resistance by impairing downstream defense mechanisms in soybean
Authors: Alazem Mazen , Bwalya John , Hsuan Pai , Yu Jisuk , Cam Chu Huong , Burch-Smith Tessa , Kim Kook-Hyung 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Viral synergism occurs when mixed infection of a susceptible plant by 2 or more viruses leads to increased susceptibility to at least 1 of the viruses. However, the ability of 1 virus to suppress R gene-controlled resistance against another virus has never been reported. In soybean (Glycine max), extreme resistance (ER) against soybean mosaic virus (SMV), governed by the Rsv3 R-protein, manifests a swift asymptomatic resistance against the avirulent strain SMV-G5H. Still, the mechanism by which Rsv3 confers ER is not fully understood. Here, we show that viral synergism broke this resistance by impairing downstream defense mechanisms triggered by Rsv3 activation. We found that activation of the antiviral RNA-silencing pathway and the proimmune mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), along with the suppression of the proviral MAPK6, are hallmarks of Rsv3-mediated ER against SMV-G5H. Surprisingly, infection with bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) disrupted this ER, allowing SMV-G5H to accumulate in Rsv3-containing plants. BPMV subverted downstream defenses by impairing the RNA-silencing pathway and activating MAPK6. Further, BPMV reduced the accumulation of virus-related siRNAs and increased the virus-activated siRNA that targeted several defense-related nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) genes through the action of the suppression of RNA-silencing activities encoded in its large and small coat protein subunits. These results illustrate that viral synergism can result from abolishing highly specific R gene resistance by impairing active mechanisms downstream of the R gene.
The Virtues of Mediation: Milton’s Ludlow Maske
Authors: Rao Namratha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This essay, partly by way of Milton’s Spenserian engagements, argues that A Maske is neither a celebration of resolve, nor a univocal assertion of exceptional virtue that facilitates some fusion of pleasure and virtue, but is instead a risky exploration of the mediacy of virtue and the virtues of mediation, however much they fail to satisfy. Several kinds of mediation texture A Maske: mediation as the middle ground between disparate things, mediation as intervention in conflict, mediation as the making sensuous of ideas or putting into medium, and, above all, mediation as the material and social process that takes place in and through opposites that both require and condition one another. Consequently, Milton exploits rather than forecloses the dialectical promise of the masque form and leaves open, but not unanswered, the difficult questions of immediacy and transcendence. Drawing on the writings of T. W. Adorno, this essay suggests that mediation—and his related concept, ‘constellation’—afford supple and illuminating ways with which to think through the contradictions of Milton’s poetic-philosophical thought. It offers new interpretations of cruxes in A Maske and shows how each of its characters entails others through a combination of fissures and resemblances. In presenting not an isolated form of virtue, but sketching instead a constellation of interrelated forms, A Maske reveals how—in tending to its mediations—the drear woods of the world might be made to disclose the starry threshold with which we begin and from which we are removed.
Cisgendered Workspaces: Outright and Categorical Exclusion in Cisgendered Organizations
Authors: Jones Angela 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Scholars have only begun exploring how cisgenderism and its byproduct, cissexism, shape organizational processes and how classification systems produce categorical exclusions that harm transgender and non-binary people in cisgendered organizations. Drawing from in-depth interviews with transmasculine and non-binary sex workers, I build on burgeoning research on categorical exclusion in cisgendered organizations, examining how cisgenderism and cissexism, alongside racism, shape what I call cisgendered workspaces. Cisgendered workspaces is a conceptual framework that scholars can use to analyze the complex ways that cisgenderism and cissexism shape the design of workspaces, the administration of gender, workers’ labor experiences, and the adverse effects of cissexist exclusion. I argue that cisgendered workspaces produce two distinct modes of exclusion: outright exclusion and categorical exclusion. I demonstrate how transmasculine and non-binary sex workers experience outright exclusion (e.g., brothels or agencies that refuse to hire them) and categorical exclusions (e.g., escort advertising sites that have options for only cisgender women and men). I explore how cissexist exclusions and racism contribute to workers’ lack of access to critical resources and produce adverse mental health outcomes—all conditions that adversely affect worker job satisfaction and thwart experiences of joy and pleasure.
“The Yo-Yo Effect”: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Social Workers’ Experiences with Job Flexibility during the Pandemic
Authors: Kranke Derrick , Gioia Debbie , Alenkin Nikola , Mudoh Yvonne , Solorzano Emily , Dobalian Aram 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSocial work turnover from the emotional overload of providing care during the pandemic has created staff shortages and exposed many gaps in service delivery. Those social workers who sustained employment during this pandemic are asked to take on flexible/additional roles to fill in those gaps in services to their most vulnerable clients. This qualitative study (N = 12) of U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) inpatient social workers at two sites across the country assesses their experiences of taking on additional roles at their respective VA facility. Three research questions were addressed to the participants: (1) Describe your roles and responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic? (2) How did those responsibilities change/evolve over time? and (3) Did you receive training for your new roles or tasks? Thematic analysis revealed six themes that would facilitate effectiveness and continuity of care: (1) recognizing insufficient training to handle a pandemic, (2) meeting the demand for care, (3) responding to unexpected aspects of flexibility, (4) adjusting to new roles over time, (5) adaptation and support, and (6) additional resources to simplify efforts. With COVID rates stabilizing across much of the United States, now is the time to implement trainings and education about job flexibility in the future instance of a pandemic.
Delineating asthma according to inflammation phenotypes with a focus on paucigranulocytic asthma
Authors: Feng Yinhe , Liu Xiaoyin , Wang Yubin , Du Rao , Mao Hui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness. However, the differences in pathophysiology and phenotypic symptomology make a diagnosis of “asthma” too broad hindering individualized treatment. Four asthmatic inflammatory phenotypes have been identified based on inflammatory cell profiles in sputum: eosinophilic, neutrophilic, paucigranulocytic, and mixed-granulocytic. Paucigranulocytic asthma may be one of the most common phenotypes in stable asthmatic patients, yet it remains much less studied than the other inflammatory phenotypes. Understanding of paucigranulocytic asthma in terms of phenotypic discrimination, distribution, stability, surrogate biomarkers, underlying pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and current therapies is fragmented, which impedes clinical management of patients. This review brings together existing knowledge and ongoing research about asthma phenotypes, with a focus on paucigranulocytic asthma, in order to present a comprehensive picture that may clarify specific inflammatory phenotypes and thus improve clinical diagnoses and disease management.
Assessment of Risk Factors Correlated with Outcomes of Traumatic Lower Extremity Soft Tissue Reconstruction
Authors: Levin Scott R. , Burke Peter A. , Brahmbhatt Tejal S. , Siracuse Jeffrey J. , Slama Jaromir , Roh Daniel S. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Identifying risk factors for traumatic lower extremity reconstruction outcomes has been limited by sample size. We evaluated patient and procedural characteristics associated with reconstruction outcomes using data from almost four million patients.

Methods:
The National Trauma Data Bank (2015–2018) was queried for lower extremity reconstructions. Univariable and multivariable analyses determined associations with inpatient outcomes.

Results:
There were 4675 patients with lower extremity reconstructions: local flaps (77%), free flaps (19.2%), or both (3.8%). Flaps were most commonly local fasciocutaneous (55.1%). Major injuries in reconstructed extremities were fractures (56.2%), vascular injuries (11.8%), and mangled limbs (2.9%). Ipsilateral procedures prereconstruction included vascular interventions (6%), amputations (5.6%), and fasciotomies (4.3%). Postoperative surgical site infection and amputation occurred in 2% and 2.6%, respectively. Among survivors (99%), mean total length of stay (LOS) was 23.2 ± 21.1 days and 46.8% were discharged to rehab. On multivariable analysis, vascular interventions prereconstruction were associated with increased infection [odds ratio (OR) 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–3.79, P = 0.04], amputation (OR 4.38, 95% CI 2.56–7.47, P < 0.001), prolonged LOS (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.14–2.22, P = 0.01), and discharge to rehab (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.07–2.07, P = 0.02). Free flaps were associated with prolonged LOS (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.74–2.49, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Prereconstruction vascular interventions were associated with higher incidences of adverse outcomes. Free flaps correlated with longer LOS, but otherwise similar outcomes. Investigating reasons for increased complication and healthcare utilization likelihood among these subgroups is warranted.
Outcomes of abdominal false lumen embolization for chronic aortic dissection after prior proximal repair with stent-graft
Authors: Kuo Ching-Yuan , Huang Chun-Yang , Chen Tai-Wei , Hsu Hung-Lung , Shih Chun-Che , Hsu Chiao-Po 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Persistent false lumen (FL) perfusion with aneurysmal formation is common after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for typical extended aortic dissection and is associated with poor outcomes. Endovascular FL embolization (FLE) has recently been tried for treatment of postdissection aortic aneurysm (PDAA). However, most reports address thoracic rather than abdominal FLE. In this study, we present the results of abdominal FLE in patients with residual patent abdominal FL following stent-graft repair for aortic dissection.

Methods:
Between 2015 and 2019, 24 patients (mean age: 56.7 ± 11.8 years, range: 40-84 years, 18 male) received endovascular abdominal FLE using vascular plugs, coils, or candy plugs as the main surgery (5 patients) or auxiliary procedure (19 patients) after earlier stent-graft repair for aortic dissection (Type A: 9, Type B: 15). The medical records were reviewed and aortic remodeling was examined comparing the preembolization computed tomography (CT) and the most recent CT before reintervention.

Results:
Technical success was achieved without any intraoperative complications, early morbidity, or mortality. Median follow-up was 34.4 months (range: 12-71). Regarding thoracic FL, 15 patients exhibited complete thrombosis before the procedure and did not change status thereafter except for 1 patient with distal stent-graft-induced new entry. In the other 9 patients, 6 exhibited increased thrombosis. With regard to the abdominal aorta, increased FL thrombosis only occurred in 8 patients with 3 (12.5%) achieving complete thrombosis. The maximal thoracic aortic diameter did not change (1.4 ± 5.6 mm) statistically, but the abdominal diameter increased significantly (4.3 ± 3.7 mm, p < 0.005).

Conclusion:
From our results, abdominal FLE is a safe procedure. However, covering all the re-entry tears is complex and the possibility of complete FL thrombosis is low. The abdominal aortic diameter appears to become enlarged in these patients. Continuous follow-up is necessary after FLE.
Link Between the Female Athlete Triad and Gymnastics-Related Injury in Retired Collegiate Gymnasts
Authors: Fryar Caroline , Howell David R. , Seehusen Corrine N. , Tilley David , Casey Ellen , Sweeney Emily A. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:To compare gymnastics-related injuries between former collegiate gymnasts who did and did not report components of the female athlete triad (Triad) during college, including disordered eating or menstrual irregularity. We hypothesized that athletes reporting these 2 triad symptoms would have higher rates of time loss injury and injuries requiring surgery.Design:Retrospective case–control.Setting:Online survey.Patients:Four hundred seventy former collegiate gymnasts.Interventions:Athletes completed online survey distributed through social media.Main Outcome Measures:Participants were grouped based on self-reported menstrual irregularity and disordered eating during college. We compared time loss injuries, injuries resulting in surgery, and injury locations between the groups using χ2analyses.Results:Seventy percent (n = 328) of participants in this study reported a time loss college injury without surgery, and 42% (n = 199) reported an injury during college that required surgical treatment. A significantly greater proportion of gymnasts with only disordered eating reported a time loss gymnastics injury (without surgery) compared with those who reported only menstrual irregularity during college (79% vs 64%;P=0 .03). A significantly greater proportion of the disordered eating–only group reported a spine injury compared with the menstrual irregularity–only group (P= 0.007) and the group who reported neither menstrual irregularity nor disordered eating (P= 0.006).Conclusions:College gymnasts who experienced disordered eating were more likely to experience a nonsurgical time loss injury while in college, as well as spine injury compared with those with menstrual irregularity. Sports medicine providers should be aware of the association between injuries and individual components of Triad in gymnasts beyond bone stress injuries.
Systolic Blood Pressure and Objective Hearing Thresholds Among Japanese Middle-Aged Adults: A Facility-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Miyata Jun , Umesawa Mitsumasa , Yoshioka Tetsuya , Iso Hiroyasu 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Very few studies have compared the magnitude of the changes in the hearing thresholds at 1 and 4 kHz according to the systolic blood pressure (SBP). We investigated the effects of SBP on repeated measures of hearing threshold using pure-tone audiometry.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 5,479 (for the analysis at 1 kHz) and 2,045 (for 4 kHz) individuals aged 50 to 59 years who underwent facility-based health checkups. A multivariable generalized linear mixed model was constructed for the analysis at 1 and 4 kHz.

Results
The mean follow-up durations were 30,262 and 7,454 person-years, respectively. The interaction of SBP and year was significantly associated with the change in hearing threshold in both analyses at 1 kHz (with estimated slope, 0.00080; 95% confidence interval, 0.00049–0.00110) and 4 kHz (with estimated slope, 0.0042; 95% confidence interval, 0.0028–0.0057). The 10-year changes in hearing threshold with baseline SBP of 110 and 140 mm Hg were 0.4 and 0.6 dB at 1 kHz and 1.0 and 2.3 dB at 4 kHz, respectively.

Conclusions
Higher SBP was associated with an increased hearing threshold at both 1 and 4 kHz among middle-aged individuals.
Molecular Genetic Etiology and Revisiting the Middle Ear Surgery Outcomes of Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome: Experience in a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Nam Dong Woo , Kang Dae Woong , Lee So Min , Park Moo Kyun , Lee Jun Ho , Oh Seung Ha , Suh Myung-Whan , Lee Sang-Yeon 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
To explore the phenotypes and genotypes of patients with branchio-oto-renal (BOR) and branchio-otic (BO) syndrome, and to analyze the middle ear surgery outcomes qualitatively and quantitatively, proposing a factor usefully prognostic of surgical outcomes.

Study design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Tertiary referral center.

Patients
Eighteen patients with BOR/BO syndrome in 12 unrelated Korean families.

Intervention
Middle ear surgery, including either stapes surgery or ossicular reconstruction.

Main Outcome Measure
Clinical phenotypes, genotypes, and middle ear surgery outcomes

Results
Eight probands (66.7%) were confirmed genetically; the condition segregated as a dominant or de novo trait. Six EYA1 heterozygous variants were identified by exome sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. All variants were pathogenic or likely pathogenic based on the ACMG/AMP guidelines. Two novel EYA1 frameshift variants (p.His373Phefs*4 and p.Gln543Asnfs*90) truncating a highly conserved C-terminal Eya domain were identified, expanding the genotypic spectrum of EYA1 in BOR/BO syndrome. Remarkably, middle ear surgery was individualized to ensure optimal audiological outcomes and afforded significant audiological improvements, especially in BOR/BO patients without enlarged vestibular aqueducts (EVAs). A significant difference in air-bone gap closure after middle ear surgery was noted between the two groups even after adjusting for confounders: −20.5 dB in ears without EVAs (improvement) but 0.8 dB in ears with EVAs (no change or deterioration). Furthermore, the success rate was significantly associated with the absence of EVA.

Conclusions
The results of this study were against the notion that middle ear surgery is always contraindicated in patients with BOR/BO syndrome, and an EVA could be a negative prognostic indicator of middle ear surgery in BOR/BO patients. This may aid to determine the strategy of audiological rehabilitation in patients with BOR/BO syndrome.
Adjunctive Cilostazol in Patients With High Residual Platelet Reactivity After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: A Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Center, Prospective Study (ADJUST-HPR)
Authors: Long Zhe Guo , Hau Yu Long , Lee Dong-Hyun , Kim Moo Hyun , Serebruany Victor 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Cilostazol as an adjunct to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) postcoronary stenting may further reduce vascular occlusion risks. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cilostazol on high residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) in patients undergoing drug-eluting coronary stent implantation.

Methods:
In a randomized, open-label, single-center, prospective study, the degree of platelet inhibition by cilostazol 100 mg twice daily was assessed on top of conventional DAPT compared with standard clopidogrel and low-dose aspirin combination in poststent patients with HRPR. HRPR was defined as P2Y12 units (PRU) > 240 as measured by the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay. In addition, the platelet activity was assessed by light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) and Multiplate electrode analyzer (MEA).

Results:
The total of 148 patients were screened, and HRPR was observed in 64 (43.2%). Those were randomized for DAPT versus triple therapy (TAPT). After 30 days, TAPT group exhibited significantly lower rate of HRPR when assessed by all 3 devices (VerifyNow: 40.0 vs. 66.7% P = 0.04, LTA: 6.7 vs. 30.0% P = 0.02, MEA: 10.0 vs. 30.0% P = 0.05 L all vs. DAPT). Also, higher absolute mean difference in TAPT versus DAPT group after 30 days (VerifyNow: 71.3 ± 38.2 vs. 24.6 ± 40.2 P < 0.001, LTA: 23.9 ± 15.1 vs. 9.4 ± 11.8 P < 0.001, MEA: 9.3 ± 12.9 vs. 2.4 ± 17.3 P = 0.08) was observed.

Conclusions:
Cilostazol in addition to standard DAPT reduces the incidence of HRPR and diminishes further platelet activity in poststent patients. Whether this favorable laboratory finding will affect clinical outcomes requires an adequately powered randomized trial.
Histopathological Changes in Liver of Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis Requiring Surgical Intervention and Their Clinical Significance
Authors: Saluja Sundeep Singh , Varshney Vaibhav Kumar , Kumar Ajay , Sugumaran Kandasamy , Aravinda PS , Mishra Pramod Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
The histopathological changes in the liver and their clinical implication in chronic pancreatitis (CP) have not been studied well. We analyzed the incidence, risk factors, and long-term outcomes of these changes in CP.

Methods
Chronic pancreatitis patients who underwent surgery with intraoperative liver biopsy from 2012 to 2018 formed the study group. Based on liver histopathology, 3 groups were formed: normal liver, group NL; fatty liver, group FL; and inflammation/fibrosis, group FS. The risk factors and long-term outcomes, including mortality, were evaluated.

Results
Among 73 patients, 39 (53.4%) had idiopathic, and 34 (46.6%) had alcoholic CP. The median age was 32 years, 52 (71.2%) were males and comprised NL, n = 40 (55%); FL, n = 22 (30%); and FS, n = 11 (15%). The preoperative risk factors were comparable among NL and FL groups. Overall 14 of 73 patients (19.2%) (NL, 5 of 40; FL, 5 of 22; FS, 4 of 11 [P = 0.82]) had died at median follow-up of 36 months (range, 25–85 months). The main causes of mortality were tuberculosis and severe malnutrition secondary to pancreatic insufficiency.

Conclusions
The mortality is higher in patients with inflammation/fibrosis or steatosis in liver biopsy, and such patients need monitoring for progression of liver disease and pancreatic insufficiency.