bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaches to Muslim Biomedical Ethics: A Classification and Critique
Authors: Dabbagh Hossein , Mirdamadi S. Yaser , Ajani Rafiq R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper provides a perspective on where contemporary Muslim responses to biomedical-ethical issues stand to date. There are several ways in which Muslim responses to biomedical ethics can and have been studied in academia. The responses are commonly divided along denominational lines or under the schools of jurisprudence. All such efforts classify the responses along the lines of communities of interpretation rather than the methods of interpretation. This research is interested in the latter. Thus, our criterion for classification is the underlying methodology behind the responses. The proposed classification divides Muslim biomedical-ethical reasoning into three methodological categories: 1) textual, 2) contextual, and 3) para-textual.
Physical activity behaviour change in people living with and beyond cancer following an exercise intervention: a systematic review
Authors: Salisbury Chloe E. , Hyde Melissa K. , Cooper Ella T. , Stennett Rebecca C. , Gomersall Sjaan R. , Skinner Tina L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Exercise interventions can increase physical activity and wellbeing of people living with/beyond cancer. However, little is known about maintenance of physical activity in this population ≥ 6 months post-exercise intervention, when theoretical evidence suggests behaviour maintenance occurs. Study aims are to (i) systematically review maintenance of physical activity ≥ 6-month post-exercise intervention, and (ii) investigate the influence of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) on physical activity maintenance in people living with/beyond cancer.

Methods
CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE and PubMed databases were searched for randomised controlled trials up to August 2021. Trials including adults diagnosed with cancer that assessed physical activity ≥ 6 months post-exercise intervention were included.

Results
Of 142 articles assessed, 21 reporting on 18 trials involving 3538 participants were eligible. Five (21%) reported significantly higher physical activity ≥ 6 months post-exercise intervention versus a control/comparison group. Total number of BCTs (M = 8, range 2–13) did not influence intervention effectiveness. The BCTs Social support, Goal setting (behaviour), and Action planning, alongside supervised exercise, were important, but not sufficient, components for long-term physical activity maintenance.

Conclusions
Evidence for long-term physical activity maintenance post-exercise intervention for people living with/beyond cancer is limited and inconclusive. Further research is required to ensure the physical activity and health benefits of exercise interventions do not quickly become obsolete.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Implementation of the BCTs Social support, Goal setting (behaviour), and Action planning, alongside supervised exercise, may enhance physical activity maintenance and subsequent health outcomes in people living with/beyond cancer.
Pre-surgery dietician counseling can prevent post-thyroidectomy body weight gain: results of an intervention trial
Authors: Croce Laura , Pallavicini Cristina , Busca Noemi , Calì Benedetto , Bellastella Giuseppe , Coperchini Francesca , Magri Flavia , Chiovato Luca , Cena Hellas , Rotondi Mario 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
It is widely accepted that patients experience weight gain after total thyroidectomy, and preventive measures should be recommended.

Methods
A prospective study was designed to assess the efficacy of a dietetic intervention to prevent post-thyroidectomy weight gain in patients undergoing surgery for both benign and malignant thyroid conditions. Patients undergoing total thyroidectomy were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive a personalized pre-surgery diet counseling (GROUP A) or no intervention (GROUP B), according to a 1:2 ratio. All patients underwent follow-up with body-weight measurement, thyroid function evaluation and lifestyle and eating habits assessment at baseline (T0), 45 days (T1) and 12 months (T2) post-surgery.

Results
The final study group encompassed 30 patients in Group A and 58 patients in Group B. The two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, pre-surgery BMI, thyroid function and underlying thyroid condition. The evaluation of body weight variations showed that patients in Group A did not experience significant body weight changes at either T1 (p = 0.127) nor T2 (p = 0.890). At difference, patients in Group B underwent a significant body weight increase from T0 to both T1 (p = 0.009) and T2 (p = 0.009). TSH levels were similar in the two groups, both at T1 and T2. Lifestyle and eating habits questionnaires failed to register any significant difference between the two groups, apart from an increase in sweetened beverages consumption in Group B.

Conclusions
A dietician counseling is effective in preventing the post-thyroidectomy weight gain. Further studies in larger series of patients with a longer follow-up appear worthwhile.
Associations between age, social reward processing and social anxiety symptoms
Authors: Kilford Emma J. , Foulkes Lucy , Blakemore Sarah-Jayne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReward processing undergoes marked changes in adolescence, with social interactions representing a powerful source of reward. Reward processing is also an important factor in the development of social anxiety disorder, a condition that most commonly first appears in adolescence. This study investigated the relationship between age, social reward processing and social anxiety in a cross-sectional sample of female participants (N = 80) aged 13–34. Participants performed two versions of a probabilistic reward anticipation task, in which a speeded response could result in different probabilities of receiving either social or monetary rewarding feedback. Participants also completed self-report assessments of social reward value, trait anxiety and social anxiety symptoms. At high reward probabilities, performance on both reward tasks showed a quadratic effect of age, with the fastest responses at around 22–24 years. A similar quadratic effect was found for subjective liking ratings of both reward stimuli, although these were not associated with performance. Social anxiety was not associated with a subjective liking of the rewards but did predict performance on both tasks at all reward probabilities. Age-related variation in reward processing was not accounted for by age-related variation in social anxiety symptoms, suggesting that, while both social anxiety and age were associated with variation in reward processing, their effects were largely independent. Together, these findings provide evidence that social reward processing continues to develop across adolescence and that individual differences in social anxiety should be considered when considering reward sensitivity during this period.
The effects of teacher’s emotional intelligence on team-member exchange and job performance: the moderating role of teacher seniority
Authors: Lu Tzu-Ping , Chen Junjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aims to examine the effects of teachers’ seniority, emotional intelligence (EI), and team-member exchange (TMX) quality on their job performance in primary schools. In particular, the mediating role of TMX on the relationship between EI and job performance, and the moderated mediating effect of teacher seniority on EI-TMX-job performance relationships were scrutinised. Data were collected from 387 teachers of primary schools in Taiwan. The SPSS PROCESS macro and structural equation modelling (SEM) were applied to test the hypotheses using SPSS 26.0. The research findings indicated that primary teachers’ EI positively affected their TMX and job performance. The findings also provide empirical evidence for the positive mediating effect of TMX on the relationship between EI and job performance, as well as the negative moderating effect of teachers’ seniority on the linkage between EI and TMX. Recommendations are made on the enhancement of teachers’ EI and the relationship of TMX in teachers’ professional development programs, educational policies, and practice.
A Systematic Review of Instruments Measuring Social and Emotional Skills in School-Aged Children and Adolescents
Authors: Martinez-Yarza Nerea , Santibáñez Rosa , Solabarrieta Josu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStrengthening social and emotional skills can be particularly relevant concerning the emerging skills need as it yields benefits for individuals’ successful development. A growing body of research suggests that social and emotional competences are associated with well-being and positive life and academic outcomes. Despite the notable benefits of social and emotional skills, assessment tools are still scarce or target specific risk and problematic behaviours. This systematic review seeks to address this gap and identify instruments measuring social and emotional skills for students in elementary through secondary education. This review also aims to describe the study characteristics and key features of the identified instruments and to assess the extent to which the instruments comprehensively evaluate the five Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL) areas of competence. A systematic search of the literature was carried out in Scopus, Web of Science and ERIC databases. This review resulted in the identification of 25 unique assessments over a 20-year period, reported on the basis of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our results suggest a rapid growth and notable advancements of social and emotional skills assessment systems and demonstrate the direct influence of the CASEL framework. Our results also show that a combination of multi-method and multi-informant assessment should be employed to effectively assess social and emotional skills. Thus, this paper contributes to support school-based practitioners and psychologists in their efforts to lead social and emotional skills instruction and assessment in routine educational practice.
The influence of the capping ligands on the optoelectronic performance, morphology, and ion liberation of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Liu Yongfeng , Tang Shi , Gao Zhaoju , Shao Xiuwen , Zhu Xiaolin , Ràfols Ribé Joan , Wågberg Thomas , Edman Ludvig , Wang Jia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPerovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) endowed with capping ligands exhibit impressive optoelectronic properties and enable for cost-efficient solution processing and exciting application opportunities. We synthesize and characterize three different PeQDs with the same cubic CsPbBr3 core, but which are distinguished by the ligand composition and density. PeQD-1 features a binary didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and octanoic acid capping ligand system, with a high surface density of 1.53 nm−2, whereas PeQD-2 and PeQD-3 are coated by solely DDAB at a gradually lower surface density. We show that PeQD-1 endowed with highest ligand density features the highest dispersibility in toluene of 150 g/L, the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 95% in dilute solution and 59% in a neat film, and the largest core-to-core spacing in neat thin films. We further establish that ions are released from the core of PeQD-1 when it is exposed to an electric field, although it comprises a dense coating of one capping ligand per four surface core atoms. We finally exploit these combined findings to the development of a light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), where the active layer is composed solely of solution-processed pure PeQDs, without additional electrolytes. In this device, the ion release is utilized as an advantage for the electrochemical doping process and efficient emissive operation of the LEC.
A whole system approach to childhood obesity: how a supportive environment was created in the city of Brighton and Hove, United Kingdom
Authors: Salm Leah , Nisbett Nicholas , Cuming Katie , Hrynick Tabitha , Lulache Alexandra , MacGregor Hayley 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChildhood obesity is a growing global challenge, and no country has yet reversed the upward trend in prevalence. The causes are multifaceted, spanning individual, societal, environmental, and political spheres. This makes finding solutions complex as traditional linear models of treatment and effect have proven only minimally successful or unfeasible at the population level. There is also a paucity of evidence of what works, and few examples of intervention that operate on a ‘whole systems’ level. The city of Brighton in the United Kingdom has experienced a downward trend in child obesity rates compared to national figures. The aim of this study was to explore what has led to successful change in the city. This was done through a review of local data, policy and programs, and thirteen key informant interviews with key stakeholders involved in the local food and healthy weight agenda. Our findings highlight key mechanisms that have plausibly contributed to a supportive environment for obesity reduction in Brighton according to key local policy and civil society actors. These mechanisms include; a commitment to early years intervention such as breastfeeding promotion; a supportive local political context; the ability to tailor interventions to community needs; governance structures and capacity that enable cross-sectoral collaboration; and a citywide framing of obesity solutions in the context of a ‘whole system’ approach. However, substantial inequalities persist in the city. Engaging families in areas of high deprivation and operating in an increasingly difficult context of national austerity are persistent challenges. This case study sheds light on some mechanisms of what a whole systems approach to obesity looks like in practice in a local context. This is of relevance to both policymakers and healthy weight practitioners across a spectrum of sectors who need to be engaged to tackle child obesity.
A comprehensive methodology for reservoir cut-off determination
Authors: Zeyghami Mohammad , Taghizadeh Sarvestani Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe main objective of net pay determination, as an important step of any reservoir study, is to exclude non-reservoir intervals so that better results are obtained from reservoir characterization, hydrocarbon in-place calculations, and dynamic flow simulation of the reservoir. This study is a comprehensive presentation of the most applicable methods available for net pay determination, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and their input data, and presenting a new procedure to prepare the input data, determine the reservoir net pay, and validate the final results. These methods include conventional best-fit line and quadrant methods in a porosity–permeability cross-plot, Worthington method, rules of thumb, cumulative hydrocarbon column plot, and production constraints. This study, unlike previous ones, presents a stepwise methodology to reach the correct answer considering both rock and fluid properties. The necessity for the definition of net pay is discussed in the current study in the first step. Determination of net pay and the net-to-gross ratio is done by definition of some cut-off values for petrophysical properties such as porosity, water saturation, and shale volume. The new procedure presented in this study as a flowchart to determine pay zone uses different methods to determine cut-off values. The sequential and systematic use of all these methods gives a consistent and more reliable answer. The key steps to determine net pay is to find the porosity cut-off based on a porosity–permeability cross-plot and a pre-defined limiting value for permeability and then to use this value to find the shale volume and water saturation cut-offs using their cross-plots versus porosity. To take into account the fluid properties effect, a mobility cut-off is used as the starting point instead of permeability. Cumulative hydrocarbon column plots are used as a sensitivity tool to determine what percentage of the hydrocarbons will be discarded by any cut-off value. Finally, the determined net pay should be validated using the results of production logging and wireline formation tests. The proposed methodology was applied to a real field to determine its net pay. Porosity and water saturation cut-offs were calculated to be 2% and 55%, respectively, and due to the clean nature of the reservoir, a shale volume cut-off was not necessary. Simultaneous application of porosity and water saturation cut-offs discarded 6.3% of the hydrocarbon column for the field example.
Timeless spaces: Field experiments in the physiological study of circadian rhythms, 1938–1963
Authors: Hussey Kristin D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the middle of the twentieth century, physiologists interested in human biological rhythms undertook a series of field experiments in natural spaces that they believed could closely approximate conditions of biological timelessness. With the field of rhythms research was still largely on the fringes of the life sciences, natural spaces seemed to offer unique research opportunities beyond what was available to physiologists in laboratory spaces. In particular, subterranean caves and the High Arctic became archetypal ‘natural laboratories’ for the study of human circadian (daily) rhythms. This paper is explores the field experiments which occurred in these ‘timeless spaces’. It considers how scientists understood these natural spaces as suitably ‘timeless’ for studying circadian rhythms and what their experimental practices can tell us about contemporary physiological notions of biological time, especially its relationship to ‘environmentality’ (Formosinho et al. in Stud History Philos Sci 91:148–158, 2022). In so doing, this paper adds to a growing literature on the interrelationship of field sites by demonstrating the ways that caves and the Arctic were connected by rhythms scientists. Finally, it will explore how the use of these particular spaces were not just scientific but also political – leveraging growing Cold War anxieties about nuclear fallout and the space race to bring greater prestige and funding to the study of circadian rhythms in its early years.
Effects of short-loop material recycling on mechanical properties of parts by Arburg Plastic Freeforming
Authors: Mele Mattia , Pisaneschi Gregorio , Zucchelli Andrea , Campana Giampaolo , Fiorini Maurizio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArburg Plastic Freeforming allows for transforming granulated thermoplastics with variable shapes and sizes. This opens marvellous opportunities for in-place recycling of process waste and auxiliary structures. The present study investigates for the first time the effects of recycled material on the mechanical properties of manufactured parts. To this end, the mechanical, thermomechanical and rheological properties of parts produced with different contents of recycled material are investigated. Findings demonstrate that a balanced mixture of primary and secondary material determines a drop in mechanical performances due to a less accurate deposition. A higher percentage of recycled material determines a sharp decrease in viscosity, leading to a more homogeneous layer and tensile properties similar to those of the virgin polymer. The drop in viscosity also affects the accuracy of deposition, determining a worse definition of sharp edges.
YOLF-ShipPnet: Improved RetinaNet with Pyramid Vision Transformer
Authors: Qiu Zhiruo , Rong Shiyang , Ye Likun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the field of ship detection, the intricate nature of ship images arises from a multitude of factors, including variations in ship orientation, color contrasts, and diverse shapes. These factors collectively contribute to the challenge of achieving high detection precision. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the application of advanced networks for ship image detection. In this paper, we have put forward an improved network called YOLF-ShipPnet, which utilizes a popular pyramid vision transformer with increased depth as the backbone for the RetinaNet network. To increase the model’s generalization ability, You Only Look Once eXtreme’s (YOLOX’s) hue, saturation, and value (HSV) random augmentation technique is employed to simulate light and color effects on ship images during the construction of the network. Ablation experiments were conducted on the model with two popular datasets: High-Resolution Ship Collections 2016 (HRSC2016) and SAR Ship Detection Dataset (SSDD). The YOLF-ShipPnet network has been verified to improve detection precision and generalization ability in ship detection by $$5.22\%$$

5.22
%

and $$5.46\%$$

5.46
%

, respectively, compared to RetinaNet baseline, exhibiting strong robustness and high effectiveness. The proposed network is applicable to the field of fine-grained ship detection and achieves an accuracy improvement of $$10.03\%$$

10.03
%

compared to the baseline network.
Global political leaders during the COVID-19 vaccination: Between propaganda and fact-checking
Authors: Rivas-de-Roca Rubén , Pérez-Curiel Concha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe advent of COVID-19 vaccination meant a moment of hope after months of crisis communication. However, the context of disinformation on social media threatened the success of this public health campaign. This study examines how heads of government and fact-checking organizations in four countries managed communications on Twitter about the vaccination. Specifically, we conduct a content analysis of their discourses through the observation of propaganda mechanisms. The research draws on a corpus of words related to the pandemic and vaccines in France, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States (n = 2,800). The data were captured for a five-month period (January–May 2021), during which COVID-19 vaccines became available for elderly people. The results show a trend of clearly fallacious communication among the political leaders, based on the tools of emphasis and appeal to emotion. We argue that the political messages about the vaccination mainly used propaganda strategies. These tweets also set, to a certain extent, the agendas of the most relevant fact-checking initiatives in each country.
When Parties Move to the Middle: The Role of Uncertainty
Authors: Lindvall Johannes , Rueda David , Zhai Haoyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolitical parties face a crucial trade-off between electoral and partisan goals: should they put electoral goals first, pursuing the policies they think will win them the most votes in the next election, or should they put partisan goals first, pursuing the policies their members, activists, and most loyal voters prefer? In this paper we argue that main political parties make different choices depending on the information environment they are in. They have strong incentives to follow the median voter when the median voter's position is well known, but when there is more uncertainty they have strong incentives to adopt policies they prefer for partisan reasons, since uncertainty makes party leaders more willing to bet that the party's preferred policies are also vote winners. We develop an empirical analysis of how the main parties on the left and the right in twenty democracies have changed their platforms from election to election since the 1960s.
Independent Director Tenure and Corporate Governance: Evidence from Insider Trading
Authors: Gao Meng , Huang Sheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExecutives trade more profitably and opportunistically over the course of the tenure of independent directors (IDs). IDs’ increased connections with and hence allegiance to executives are likely the channel through which ID tenure can affect executive trading. Executive opportunism is mitigated by disciplinary factors that include the presence of a firm’s internal trading policy, blockholders, and IDs with legal expertise as well as the risk of shareholder-initiated derivative lawsuits. These results point to an association between long-tenured IDs and weakened corporate governance.