bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transverse varestraint weldability testing in laser powder bed fusion 316L stainless steel
Authors: Guzman Jhoan , Riffel Kaue C. , Berkson Jacque W. , Casto Samuel , Ramirez Antonio J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The use of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) for faster and more customized manufacturing has grown significantly. However, LPBF parts often require welding to other components, raising concerns about their weldability due to differences in microstructure compared to conventionally manufactured parts. Despite its importance, research on the weldability of additive manufacturing materials remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the susceptibility of LPBF 316L stainless steel to weld solidification cracking using transverse varestraint testing and compare results with conventional 316L. Tests were conducted across strain levels from 0.5 to 7%, revealing a saturated strain of 4%, with maximum crack length (MCL), maximum crack distance (MCD), and total number of cracks (TNC) of approximately 0.36 mm and 31, respectively. Compared to existing literature, LPBF 316L produced with optimized printing parameters and low nickel equivalent content exhibited higher resistance to weld solidification cracking, reflected in lower MCL and MCD values. Cracks initiated at the solidus interface and propagated along the ferrite–austenite boundary under strain. Microstructural changes were observed after testing, transitioning from cellular austenitic solidification in LPBF to a skeletal ferrite-austenitic mode due to material remelting and slower cooling rates. These findings highlight that reduced nickel equivalent, alongside optimized printing parameters, contribute to enhanced weld solidification cracking resistance in LPBF 316L. This study advances understanding of the weldability of LPBF materials.
“We are Running a Marathon not a Sprint”: Educators’ Experiences and Perspectives on Inclusion for Autistic Students Through Strengths-Based Approaches in Mainstream High Schools
Authors: White Jia , McGarry Sarah , Williams P. John , Black Melissa H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As part of global efforts in inclusive education, more autistic students are attending mainstream schools. However, many have negative school experiences and lower educational attainment. Strengths-based approaches have been proposed to improve these outcomes, but there is limited research on their implementation in mainstream high schools. Understanding educators’ experiences with these approaches could provide insights into improving the inclusion of autistic students. This study aimed to understand educators’ experiences and perspectives on implementing strengths-based approaches for autistic students in mainstream high schools. Thirty-nine high school educators participated in semi-structured interviews or provided written responses in an online survey which were analysed phenomenologically. Ten themes were identified: (1) educator understanding of strengths-based approaches; (2) implementation of strengths-based approaches in schools; (3) identifying strengths through a holistic profile; (4) building student–teacher relationships through genuine interests; (5) strengths-based pedagogical strategies providing individualised support; (6) strengths-based curriculum adding meaning into standard curriculum; (7) strengths-based post-school transition providing pathways to adulthood; (8) the central role of collaboration in strengths-based approaches; (9) ongoing professional development equipping educators for strengths-based approaches; and (10) the impact of strengths-based approaches on individuals and school community. Educators reported favourable views towards strengths-based approaches but faced barriers across the educational system and school environment. Insights provided by educators play an essential role in closing the gap between inclusive education theory and practice, thereby improving school experiences and educational outcomes for autistic students.
Beneficial Effects of a 26-Week Exercise Intervention Using IoT Devices on Cognitive Function and Health Indicators
Authors: Soga Keishi , Higuchi Akira , Tomita Naoki , Kobayashi Koki , Kataoka Hiroki , Imankulova Aizhan , Salazar Carlos , Thyreau Benjamin , Nakamura Shota , Tsushita Yuki , Uchiyama Akiyoshi , Taki Yasuyuki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study examines the impact of 26-week exercise intervention facilitated by IoT devices on cognitive function, hippocampal volume, and health indicators in a real-world setting based on the Transtheoretical Model.

Methods
Middle-aged participants (n = 121, mean age = 49.8 ± 7.62 years) were randomly assigned to BrainUp (n = 61) or Sham (n = 60) application groups. Both groups engaged in voluntary aerobic exercise over a period of 26 weeks using an IoT device. The BrainUp application was designed to deliver personalized exercise routines aimed at enhancing participants’ cognitive function and hippocampal volume based on their individual level.

Results
Linear mixed models revealed that both groups exhibited improvements in cognitive function and health indicators at post-intervention compared to pre-intervention, but no significant changes in hippocampal volume in either group over time. Path analysis and structural equation modeling indicated that motivation for exercise at 26 weeks played a key role in improving cognitive function and blood glucose, and alleviating depression.

Conclusions
Integrating physical activity with IoT devices in real-world settings shows promise for enhancing brain health and preventing hippocampal volume loss due to aging. Motivation might play a crucial role in maximizing the health benefits of physical activity, especially during the transition from the Action to Maintenance stages of behavioral changes to an active lifestyle.
Honeycomb-structured biochar from waste pomelo peel for synergistic adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI)
Authors: Wang Wei , Wei Pengfei , Wang Chenjun , Liang Pengfei , Tao Feifei , Yang Song , Dou Weidong , Hu Baowei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Efficient removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) as a well-known highly toxic heavy metal is extremely necessary for people’s health and environmental safety. Biochar from waste biomass has attracted widespread attention in pollutant removal due to abundant pores, high surface area and low-cost, especially the presence of persistent free radical (PFRs). Here, waste pomelo peel was utilized to synthesize the activated biochar with the interconnected porous frameworks (APC). The obtained APC has an exponentially high specific surface area of 997.46 m2·g−1 as compared with pristine biochar (PPC) (8.78 m2·g−1) due to distinctive three-dimensional (3D) honeycomb-structured framework with interconnected pores. Meanwhile, through such green synthesis with the introduction of no other substances besides KOH, the APC is enriched with the oxygen-containing functional groups of C=O, C-H and O–H, which can firmly grasp Cr(VI) ions and convert them into low toxic Cr(III) ions. The APC exhibits excellent adsorption and photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI). The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) reaches a maximum of 307.3 mg·g−1 as compared with the PPC (194.2 mg·g−1), which obeys pseudo-second-order kinetics and is a spontaneous endothermic process mainly controlled by intraparticle diffusion. Subsequently, the enriched Cr(VI) can be completely reduced under illumination by the existence of PFRs. Compared with PPC, the APC has strong light absorption, low band gap, more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and rapid charge carrier transfer, leading to high photocatalytic activity. Based on the trapping experiments and quantitative analysis of reactive species, the removal mechanism of Cr(VI) over APC is proposed. This work affords an effective approach to construct the honeycomb-like APC for the synergistic adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI), and hierarchical porous frameworks and PFRs are particularly beneficial for the enhancement of Cr(VI) removal, exhibiting potential practical application in wastewater treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Resilient isolation valve system design considering water shortage equity of water distribution system
Authors: Kwon Soon Ho , Lee Seungyub 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The water distribution system (WDS) plays a crucial role in sustaining our society, serving as a vital lifeline. However, the performance of WDS is often compromised by various disturbances. To address this challenge and prevent functionality losses, isolation valves are strategically installed within the WDS. This study introduces a novel approach to isolation valve system (IVS) design, aiming to maximize equity during segment isolation. The proposed method utilizes an objective function centered on equity maximization. To achieve this, the study extends the conventional Gini coefficient by incorporating water demand ratio (reliability) instead of income. This adaptation results in the creation of the Water Lorenz Curve and Water Gini coefficient, which serve as essential metrics for assessing equity in the context of water distribution. An optimization model based on the genetic algorithm (GA) is developed, leveraging the newly introduced metrics. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach, a comparison is drawn with the traditional reliability-based design approach. The study applies both models to five benchmark networks, providing insights into their respective performances. The application of these models to the benchmark networks highlights that, while the proposed approach may involve trade-offs in traditional reliability metrics, it excels in various performance indicators. This suggests the potential for a shift from reliability-based designs to equity-based designs without imposing significant cost burdens. Key performance metrics, including reliability, system robustness, resilience, hydraulic geodesic index, and valve installation cost, are employed to comprehensively compare the outcomes of the two design approaches.
The evolution of similarity-biased social learning
Authors: Smaldino Paul E. , Velilla Alejandro Pérez 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Humans often learn preferentially from ingroup members who share a social identity affiliation, while ignoring or rejecting information when it comes from someone perceived to be from an outgroup. This sort of bias has well-known negative consequences – exacerbating cultural divides, polarization, and conflict – while reducing the information available to learners. Why does it persist? Using evolutionary simulations, we demonstrate that similarity-biased social learning (also called parochial social learning) is adaptive when (1) individual learning is error-prone and (2) sufficient diversity inhibits the efficacy of social learning that ignores identity signals, as long as (3) those signals are sufficiently reliable indicators of adaptive behaviour. We further show that our results are robust to considerations of other social learning strategies, focusing on conformist and pay-off-biased transmission. We conclude by discussing the consequences of our analyses for understanding diversity in the modern world.
Floer homology and non-fibered knot detection
Authors: Baldwin John A. , Sivek Steven 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We prove for the first time that knot Floer homology and Khovanov homology can detect non-fibered knots and that HOMFLY homology detects infinitely many knots; these theories were previously known to detect a mere six knots, all fibered. These results rely on our main technical theorem, which gives a complete classification of genus-1 knots in the 3-sphere whose knot Floer homology in the top Alexander grading is 2-dimensional. We discuss applications of this classification to problems in Dehn surgery which are carried out in two sequels. These include a proof that

$0$

-surgery characterizes infinitely many knots, generalizing results of Gabai from his 1987 resolution of the Property R Conjecture.
Rigidity of symmetric simplicial complexes and the lower bound theorem
Authors: Cruickshank James , Jackson Bill , Tanigawa Shin-ichi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe show that if
$\Gamma $
is a point group of
$\mathbb {R}^{k+1}$
of order two for some
$k\geq 2$
and
$\mathcal {S}$
is a k-pseudomanifold which has a free automorphism of order two, then either
$\mathcal {S}$
has a
$\Gamma $
-symmetric infinitesimally rigid realisation in
${\mathbb R}^{k+1}$
or
$k=2$
and
$\Gamma $
is a half-turn rotation group. This verifies a conjecture made by Klee, Nevo, Novik and Zheng for the case when
$\Gamma $
is a point-inversion group. Our result implies that Stanley’s lower bound theorem for centrally symmetric polytopes extends to pseudomanifolds with a free simplicial automorphism of order 2, thus verifying (the inequality part of) another conjecture of Klee, Nevo, Novik and Zheng. Both results actually apply to a much larger class of simplicial complexes – namely, the circuits of the simplicial matroid. The proof of our rigidity result adapts earlier ideas of Fogelsanger to the setting of symmetric simplicial complexes.
Urban History in Kumase, Ghana: A Note on Archives
Authors: Manu-Osafo Manuel J. , Bob-Milliar George M. , Jones Ben 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This note seeks to bring awareness to the wide variety of archival documents available for research in urban history in Kumase, Ghana’s second city and capital of the historic Asante Kingdom. We draw mainly on our experiences researching the history of Jackson Park, one of colonial Kumase’s earliest public parks.
Exploring the distribution and correlates of future self-continuity in a large, nationally representative sample
Authors: Hershfield Hal E. , Brimhall Craig I. , Kerbel Susan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many people struggle to make tradeoffs between present wants and future wishes, resulting in the tendency to overly discount the value of future rewards. To explain such behavior, past work has pointed to future self-continuity or the perceived connection between a person’s current and future selves. Yet, most of this past work has been conducted on small-to-medium size convenience samples, and as such, little is known regarding the population-level statistics of future self-continuity or how its link to important financial health variables like saving behavior and financial well-being play out in a nationally representative sample. Here, we use a nationally representative sample of over 6,000 Americans to investigate the generalizability of future self-continuity and its connection to financial outcomes such as savings behavior and global financial well-being. We also examine the strength of these associations in the face of a host of other relevant constructs. Overall, this research replicates and extends existing work on the relationship between future self-continuity and financial decision-making among a representative population, and sheds further insight on its potential implications for interventions aimed at enhancing long-term financial well-being.
Challenging the Indian Child Welfare Act: colorblind racism, whiteness as property, and the legal architecture of settler colonialism
Authors: Brown Hana E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bringing critical race theory and settler colonial theory to bear on legal mobilization scholarship, this article examines the ongoing campaign to strike down the 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA). ICWA sought to end the forced removal of American Indian children from their tribes. If successful, the challenges to ICWA’s constitutionality stand to undermine tribal sovereignty writ large. Drawing on a content analysis of documents from 17 major court cases (2013–2023) and a unique dataset of public-facing documents from the leading ICWA challengers, I interrogate the argumentative architecture of this legal mobilization. I find that the campaign to strike down ICWA is structured around three ideological maneuvers: erasure, settler normativity, and reclassification. These maneuvers scaffold a fourth – colorblindness – and the claim that ICWA is an unconstitutional race-based statute. I show how ICWA adversaries use these ideological maneuvers to legitimate white possession of Indigenous children and delegitimize tribal sovereignty. While existing work tends to treat colorblind racism and settler colonialism as analytically distinct, these findings shed light on the linkages between the two. They also marshal empirical analysis to illustrate how the embeddedness of settler colonialism and racism in the law enables broad claims to and defense of whiteness as property.
‘Brigantaggio’ revisited: historiographical experiences and prospects for research
Authors: Pinto Carmine , Fruci Gian Luca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article describes the results of the Progetto di ricerca di interesse nazionale (Research Project of National Interest [PRIN]) ‘Il brigantaggio rivisitato’ (‘“Brigantaggio” Revisited’), which investigated the practices and imagery of brigandage (and the fight against it) in modern and contemporary Italy from a Euro-Atlantic perspective. A large community of scholars, both within Italy and further afield, tackled numerous historiographical issues: forms of rural criminality in the modern age; the profile of the brigands (both male and female); their level of politicisation and relationship with the Legitimists and the Catholic Church; the reaction of the security forces and the unification movement; the evolving definition of the word ‘brigand’; the politics and military strategy of the post-unification anti-brigandry campaign; and the interaction between the local dimension and global view of banditry and irregular warfare. In-depth work was also conducted on the image of the bandits spread through visual and material culture by the media and on their performative consequences in different eras, through to their present-day reuse.
DERIVATIVES OF THETA FUNCTIONS AS TRACES OF PARTITION EISENSTEIN SERIES
Authors: AMDEBERHAN TEWODROS , ONO KEN , SINGH AJIT 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In his “lost notebook,” Ramanujan used iterated derivatives of two theta functions to define sequences of q-series

$\{U_{2t}(q)\}$

and

$\{V_{2t}(q)\}$

that he claimed to be quasimodular. We give the first explicit proof of this claim by expressing them in terms of “partition Eisenstein series,” extensions of the classical Eisenstein series

$E_{2k}(q),$

defined by

$$ \begin{align*}\lambda=(1^{m_1}, 2^{m_2},\dots, n^{m_n}) \vdash n \ \ \ \longmapsto \ \ \ E_{\lambda}(q):= E_2(q)^{m_1} E_4(q)^{m_2}\cdots E_{2n}(q)^{m_n}. \end{align*} $$

For functions

$\phi : \mathcal {P}\mapsto {\mathbb C}$

on partitions, the weight

$2n$

partition Eisenstein trace is

$$ \begin{align*}\operatorname{\mathrm{Tr}}_n(\phi;q):=\sum_{\lambda \vdash n} \phi(\lambda)E_{\lambda}(q). \end{align*} $$

For all t, we prove that

$U_{2t}(q)=\operatorname {\mathrm {Tr}}_t(\phi _U;q)$

and

$V_{2t}(q)=\operatorname {\mathrm {Tr}}_t(\phi _V;q),$

where

$\phi _U$

and

$\phi _V$

are natural partition weights, giving the first explicit quasimodular formulas for these series.
Strengthening Religious Ties: The Neo-Protestant Church and the Integration of Romanian Migrants in the United States
Authors: Moldovan Ionut-Daniel , Gherghina Sergiu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Previous studies show how religious affiliation and activity often facilitate the integration of migrants and their descendants, strengthens their sense of belonging, and increases their acceptance in the host society. However, the characteristics of immigrants who benefit from the church’s help in the integration process remain largely unknown. This article addresses this gap in the literature and analyzes the ways in which the Neo-Protestant Church supports Romanian migrants in their integration in the US. We use primary data from an online survey conducted in September-November 2021 and semi-structured interviews conducted in 2022 with Romanian immigrants in the US. The results indicate that the church provides extensive help to people who are involved in religious organizations or associations, and to those who frequently attend religious services.
UK cancer vaccine advance – Recognising and realising opportunities
Authors: Craddock Charles , Earwaker Philip , Fittall Matthew , Fontana Elisa , Ganesh Divya , Gerlinger Marco , Ghafoor Qamar , Jones Robert P , Kunene Victoria , Lee Lennard , Lee Rebecca , Lee Siow-Ming , Linch Mark , Little Martin , Liu Justin , McKenzie Hayley , Petty Russell , Pinato David J , Powles Thomas , Protheroe Andrew , Robinson Tim , Ross Paul J , Shiu Kai Keen , Spicer James , Symeonides Stefan , Tilby Michael , Vimalachandran Dale , Wang Jenny Y , Wardley Andrew , Winter Helen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vaccines have revolutionised the field of medicine, eradicating and controlling many diseases. Recent pandemic vaccine successes have highlighted the accelerated pace of vaccine development and deployment. Leveraging this momentum, attention has shifted to cancer vaccines and personalised cancer vaccines, aimed at targeting individual tumour-specific abnormalities. The UK, now regarded for its vaccine capabilities, is an ideal nation for pioneering cancer vaccine trials. This article convened experts to share insights and approaches to navigate the challenges of cancer vaccine development with personalised or precision cancer vaccines, as well as fixed vaccines. Emphasising partnership and proactive strategies, this article outlines the ambition to harness national and local system capabilities in the UK; to work in collaboration with potential pharmaceutic partners; and to seize the opportunity to deliver the pace for rapid advances in cancer vaccine technology.
Temporal trends in winter wheat yield: the role of NPK-fertilization and climate over decades of field experiments
Authors: Roman Muhammad , Hlisnikovský Lukáš , Menšík Ladislav , Zemanová Veronika , Kunzová Eva 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Changes in climate patterns have a significant impact on agricultural production. A comprehensive understanding of weather changes in arable farming is essential to ensure practical and effective strategies for farmers. Our research aimed to investigate how different fertilization interacts with environmental factors, examine their effects on wheat yield and varietal response over time, minimize nitrogen (N) fertilizer using alfalfa as a proceeding crop, and recommend an optimum N dose based on the latest weather conditions. A long-term experiment including 15 seasons (1961–2022) was studied, where a wheat crop followed alfalfa with different N applications. Our results indicated that the average temperature in the Caslav region has increased by 0.045°C per year, more significantly since 1987. Moreover, precipitation slightly decreased by 0.247 mm, but not significantly. The average November temperatures are gradually rising, positively affecting wheat grain yield. July precipitation negatively impacted grain yield only in years with extraordinary rainfall. Additionally, new wheat varieties (Contra, Mulan, Julie) yielded statistically more than the old variety (Slavia). Effectively managing nitrogen under various climate conditions is essential for promoting plant growth and reducing environmental N losses. The optimal N dosage was determined at 65 kg/ha N, resulting in an average yield of 9.1 t/ha following alfalfa as a preceding crop. Alfalfa reduces the need for N fertilization and contributes to sustainable conventional agriculture. Our findings will serve as a foundation for designing future climate change adaptation strategies to sustain wheat production.