bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lenalidomide maintenance following high‐dose therapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in chemo‐resistant or high‐risk non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: A phase I/II study
Authors: Vose Julie M. , Ganguly Siddhartha , Bierman Philip J. , Bociek R. Gregory , Lunning Matthew , Lyden Liz , Meza Jane L. , Caimi Paolo F. , Armitage James O. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryImproved maintenance treatments are needed for patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive lymphomas after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Several studies with lenalidomide have been found to have activity in the treatment of relapsed/refractory aggressive lymphomas. In the present phase I/II, single‐arm, open‐label study, 59 patients with high‐risk relapsed non‐Hodgkin lymphoma received pretransplant BEAM chemotherapy and ASCT followed by 12 months of maintenance lenalidomide once daily on Days 1–21 (28‐day cycles) beginning at post‐transplantation Day 100. The most common histologies were mantle cell lymphoma (56%) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (24%). The maximum tolerated dose in the dose‐finding part of the study was 15 mg, but cytopenias led to the subsequent adoption of a 10 mg dose in the final study. Sixteen patients (27%) completed 12 cycles of lenalidomide maintenance. The most common reason for discontinuation was adverse events (31%). These were primarily haematologic, and 56% of patients experienced Grade 3–4 events. Two‐year PFS rates (95% CIs) were 70% (56%–80%), 45% (19%–68%) and 81% (66%–90%); 2‐year OS rates (95% CIs) were 91% (80%–96%), 93% (61%–99%) and 90% (76%–96%) in all patients, patients completing and patients not completing 12‐month maintenance respectively. These results do not support the use of lenalidomide maintenance in this setting.
Dynamin‐2 controls actin remodeling for efficient complement receptor 3‐mediated phagocytosis
Authors: Mularski Anna , Wimmer Ryszard , Arbaretaz Floriane , Goff Gabriel Le , Depierre Manon , Niedergang Florence 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground informationPhagocytosis is the mechanism of the internalization of large particles, microorganisms and cellular debris. The complement pathway represents one of the first mechanisms of defense against infection and the complement receptor 3 (CR3), which is highly expressed on macrophages, is a major receptor for many pathogens and debris. Key to dissecting the mechanisms by which CR3‐mediated phagocytosis occurs, is understanding how the complex actin binding protein machinery and associated regulators interact with actin during phagocytosis, from triggering of receptor, through to phagosome formation and closure.ResultsHere, we reveal that Dynamin‐2 is recruited concomitantly with polymerized actin at the phagocytic cup and during phagosome formation and closure. Inhibition of Dynamin activity leads to stalled phagocytic cups and a decrease in the amount of F‐actin at the site of phagocytosis.ConclusionsDynamin‐2 regulates the assembly of the F‐actin phagocytic cup for successful CR3‐mediated phagocytosis.SignificanceThese results highlight an important role for Dynamin‐2 in actin remodeling downstream of integrins.
HIV‐1 integrase inhibitor raltegravir promotes DNA damage‐induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma
Authors: Akcora‐Yildiz Dilara , Gonulkirmaz Nurbanu , Ozkan Tulin , Beksac Meral , Sunguroglu Asuman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRaltegravir, the first integrase inhibitor approved for the treatment of HIV infection, has been implicated as a promising potential in cancer treatment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the repurposing of raltegravir as an anticancer agent and its mechanism of action in multiple myeloma (MM). Human MM cell lines (RPMI‐8226, NCI H929, and U266) and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured with different concentrations of raltegravir for 48 and 72 h. Cell viability and apoptosis were then measured by MTT and Annexin V/PI assays, respectively. Protein levels of cleaved PARP, Bcl‐2, Beclin‐1, and phosphorylation of histone H2AX were detected by Western blotting. In addition, the mRNA levels of V(D)J recombination and DNA repair genes were analyzed using qPCR. Raltegravir treatment for 72 h significantly decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and DNA damage in MM cells while having minimum toxicity on cell viability of normal PBMCs approximately from 200 nM (0.2 μM; p < .01 for U66 and p < .0001 for NCI H929 and RPMI 8226 cells). Furthermore, raltegravir treatment altered the mRNA levels of V(D)J recombination and DNA repair genes. We report for the first time that treatment with raltegravir is associated with decreased cell viability, apoptosis induction, DNA damage accumulation, and alteration of mRNA expression of genes involved in V(D)J recombination and DNA repair in MM cell lines, all of which show its potential for anti‐myeloma effects. Hence, raltegravir may significantly impact the treatment of MM, and further studies are required to confirm its efficacy and mechanism of action in more detail in patient‐derived myeloma cells and in‐vivo models.
The effectiveness of a school mindfulness‐based intervention on the neural correlates of inhibitory control in children at risk: A randomized control trial
Authors: Andreu Catherine I. , García‐Rubio Carlos , Melcón María , Schonert‐Reichl Kimberly A. , Albert Jacobo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInterest in the applications of mindfulness practice in education is growing in the scientific community. Recent research has shown that mindfulness practice in schools may be beneficial for executive functions (EFs) which are abilities crucial for healthy development. The study of the effects of mindfulness practices on children's neural correlates of EFs, particularly inhibitory control, may provide relevant information about the impact and mechanisms of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) in children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a MBI in elementary school children on the neural correlates of inhibitory control via a randomized controlled trial. Children from two 4th grade classrooms and two 5th grade classrooms located in a school identified as having low socioeconomic status in Santiago de Chile were randomly assigned to either receive a MBI or serve as active controls and receive a social skills program. Both before and after the interventions, electroencephalographic activity was recorded during a modified version of the Go/Nogo task in a subsample of children in each group. Additionally, teachers completed questionnaires of students’ EFs and students completed self‐report measures. Results revealed increases in EFs assessed by questionnaires together with improved P3 amplitude associated with successful response inhibition in children who received the MBI compared to active controls. These results contribute to the understanding of the ways in which mindfulness practices can promote the development of inhibitory control together with EF improvement, factors identified as critical for children's social and emotional development and positive mental health.Research Highlights
This study investigated the effects of a mindfulness‐based intervention in children from a low socioeconomic status school on neural correlates of EFs.
Children performed a Go/Nogo task while electroencephalographic activity was recorded and completed questionnaires before and after a MBI or an active control program.
Improvements in EFs assessed by questionnaires together with an increased Nogo‐P3 activity associated with successful inhibition in children who received the MBI were found.
The results could contribute to understand how mindfulness practice can promote the development of inhibitory control in children from vulnerable populations.
Demographic resilience may sustain significant coral populations in a 2°C‐warmer world
Authors: Mason Robert A. B. , Bozec Yves‐Marie , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProjections of coral reefs under climate change have important policy implications, but most analyses have focused on the intensification of climate‐related physical stress rather than explicitly modelling how coral populations respond to stressors. Here, we analyse the future of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) under multiple, spatially realistic drivers which allows less impacted sites to facilitate recovery. Under a Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 CMIP5 climate ensemble, where warming is capped at ~2°C, GBR mean coral cover declined mid‐century but approached present‐day levels towards 2100. This is considerably more optimistic than most analyses. However, under RCP4.5, mean coral cover declined by >80% by late‐century, and reached near zero under RCP ≥6.0. While these models do not allow for adaptation, they significantly extend past studies by revealing demographic resilience of coral populations to low levels of additional warming, though more pessimistic outcomes might be expected under CMIP6. Substantive coral populations under RCP2.6 would facilitate long‐term genetic adaptation, adding value to ambitious greenhouse emissions mitigation.
Environmental impact of the production process of washing, assorting and packaging fresh potatoes and measures to mitigate it
Authors: Sáenz Mercedes , Latorre‐Biel Juan Ignacio , Martínez Eduardo , Jiménez Emilio , Longo Francesco , Blanco Julio 
Published: April 2023

SummaryPotato is a tuber that, due to its great variety, is available in the markets all year round. Moreover, it is a widely consumed product worldwide on the account of its affordability and versatility. Therefore, studying it in depth is significant from not only a nutritional or economic point of view, but also for considering its potential environmental impact. In this paper, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model is developed to assess the environmental impact of a model 5 kg bag of fresh washed potatoes. It considers all phases of potato processing, from the time the potato enters the facility until it leaves the gate (gate‐to‐gate LCA). The phase of the process with the greatest environmental impact is the cleaning and classification phase, mainly due to the significant consumption of water used in the cleaning process. The general consumption and storage phases are also relevant environmental impact phases to consider. In the case of these phases, the electricity consumption resulting from the operation of the facilities and product cooling is particularly noteworthy. After establishing the critical points, based on the environmental impact perspective, this paper proposes three measures to reduce the environmental impact of the process. The application of these three measures would reduce the environmental impact by 40% in environmental impact categories such as acidification or by 32% in the global warming category.
Fatty acid and triglyceride molecular species of milk fat fractionated by short‐path molecular distillation
Authors: Zhu Huiquan , Wang Xiaodan , Zhang Wenyuan , Zhang Yumeng , Gao Xixi , Wang Yunna , Gao Peng , Pang Xiaoyang , Zhang Shuwen , Lv Jiaping 
Published: April 2023

SummaryFractionation is important for the application of milk fat (MF). In this study, the contents of fatty acid (FA) and triglyceride (TAG) of MF and its fractions distilled by short‐path molecular distillation (SPMD) were detected. The results showed that a total of 19 FAs and 109 TAG molecular species were detected. Moreover, the short‐chain saturated FA, medium‐chain saturated FA, low‐molecular‐weight TAG, medium‐molecular‐weight TAG, S3 (TAG molecular species with three saturated FAs) and L2S (TAG molecular species with two long‐chain FAs and one short‐chain FA) were easily accumulated in the distillate, and the percentage of these components all increased first and then decreased during the whole distilling process. Compared with the distillate, polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and high‐molecular‐weight TAG (HMW‐TAG, with the carbon numbers: 41–54 and molecular weight: 704–888) were enriched in the residue, and the increasing ratio of PUFA and HMW‐TAG was 393.75% and 8.58% respectively. Further analysis showed that the 16:0/4:0/16:0, 16:0/4:0/14:0, 16:0/12:0/4:0, etc. were the discrepant TAG molecular species during SPMD. Therefore, these results demonstrated that different fractions of MF could be obtained by adjusting the fractionation temperature, and it also would provide more important theoretical guidance for regulating MF fractionation, enriching the nutritional information of MF fractions.
Regulation of CD8 T‐cell signaling, metabolism, and cytotoxic activity by extracellular lysophosphatidic acid
Authors: Torres Raul M. , Turner Jacqueline A. , D'Antonio Marc , Pelanda Roberta , Kremer Kimberly N. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an endogenous bioactive lipid that is produced extracellularly and signals to cells via cognate LPA receptors, which are G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Mature lymphocytes in mice and humans express three LPA receptors, LPA2, LPA5, and LPA6, and work from our group has determined that LPA5 signaling by T lymphocytes inhibits specific antigen‐receptor signaling pathways that ultimately impair lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and function. In this review, we discuss previous and ongoing work characterizing the ability of an LPA‐LPA5 axis to serve as a peripheral immunological tolerance mechanism that restrains adaptive immunity but is subverted during settings of chronic inflammation. Specifically, LPA‐LPA5 signaling is found to regulate effector cytotoxic CD8 T cells by (at least) two mechanisms: (i) regulating the actin‐microtubule cytoskeleton in a manner that impairs immunological synapse formation between an effector CD8 T cell and antigen‐specific target cell, thus directly impairing cytotoxic activity, and (ii) shifting T‐cell metabolism to depend on fatty‐acid oxidation for mitochondrial respiration and reducing metabolic efficiency. The in vivo outcome of LPA5 inhibitory activity impairs CD8 T‐cell killing and tumor immunity in mouse models providing impetus to consider LPA5 antagonism for the treatment of malignancies and chronic infections.
Alcohol, the gut microbiome, and liver disease
Authors: Jew Michael H , Hsu Cynthia L 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe microorganisms inhabiting our gastrointestinal tract are critical for human health. Chronic heavy alcohol use can modulate the composition and function of the gut microbiota, thereby exacerbating end‐organ damage via the gut–brain axis and the gut–liver axis. In this review, we summarize the bacterial, fungal, and viral gut microbial compositional changes associated with alcohol use and alcohol‐associated liver disease and discuss the mechanisms of action by which gut dysbiosis reinforces alcohol use behavior and liver inflammation and injury. We also highlight important pre‐clinical and clinical trials that target gut microbial‐specific mechanisms for the treatment of alcohol use disorder and alcohol‐associated liver disease.
Coffee Shop Owners as Unexpected Tourist Guides in İstanbul's Fener, Balat, and Ayvansaray Neighbourhoods
Authors: Karakılıç İlhan Zeynep , Narlı Ayşe Nilüfer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aims to understand how the durability of the past may be visible in a place whose past is constantly reinterpreted and unintentionally remade by coffee shop owners in their conversations with their customers in the framework of ongoing economic transformations while they weave their own identities into that of the neighbourhood. In the absence of any readily available information about the history of the area, the coffee shop owners of the Fener, Balat, and Ayvansaray neighbourhoods of İstanbul interpret the cosmopolitan past of the area within the limitations of the materiality of these neighbourhoods under the influence of economic conditions. In this respect, while this article shows how social memory is commodified and tamed for daily usage, it also argues that it is a process that includes different actors and their interpretations, and that this process is bounded by the materiality and durability of the past.
Cancer disparities in Appalachian Kentucky
Authors: Hudson Lauren , Burus Todd , Park Lee , Huang Bin , Hull Pamela C. , Vanderford Nathan L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeCancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and the disease burden is elevated in Appalachian Kentucky, due in part to health behaviors and inequities in social determinants of health. This study's goal was to evaluate Appalachian Kentucky's cancer burden compared to non‐Appalachian Kentucky, and Kentucky compared to the United States (excluding Kentucky).MethodsThe following data were analyzed: annual all‐cause and all‐site cancer mortality rates from 1968 to 2018; 5‐year all‐site and site‐specific cancer incidence and mortality rates from 2014 to 2018; aggregated screening and risk factor data from 2016 to 2018 for the United States (excluding Kentucky), Kentucky, non‐Appalachian Kentucky, and Appalachian Kentucky; and human papilloma virus vaccination prevalence by sex from 2018 for the United States and Kentucky.FindingsSince 1968, the United States has experienced a large decrease in all‐cause and cancer mortality, but the reduction in Kentucky has been smaller and slower, driven by even smaller and slower reductions within Appalachian Kentucky. Appalachian Kentucky has higher overall cancer incidence and mortality rates and higher rates for several site‐specific cancers compared to non‐Appalachian Kentucky. Contributing factors include screening rate disparities and increased rates of obesity and smoking.ConclusionsAppalachian Kentucky has experienced persistent cancer disparities, including elevated all‐cause and cancer mortality rates for 50+ years, widening the gap between this region and the rest of the country. In addition to addressing social determinants of health, increased efforts aimed at improving health behaviors and increased access to health care resources could help reduce this disparity.
Gray matter reserve determines glymphatic system function in young‐onset Alzheimer's disease: Evidenced by DTI‐ALPS and compared with age‐matched controls
Authors: Chang Hsin‐I , Huang Chi‐Wei , Hsu Shih‐Wei , Huang Shu‐Hua , Lin Kun‐Ju , Ho Tsung‐Ying , Ma Mi‐Chia , Hsiao Wen‐Chiu , Chang Chiung‐Chih 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS)‐index can be used to model the glymphatic system in vivo.AimThis study explores putative mechanisms between prediction of ALPS‐index and cognitive outcomes in young‐onset Alzheimer's disease (YOAD) and age‐matched controls (CTLs) and analyzes whether the link was mediated by the integrity of ALPS‐index‐anchored cerebral gray matter (GM).MethodsWe enrolled 130 patients with YOAD and 137 CTLs. All participants underwent three‐dimensional T1‐weighted MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and cognitive tests. We constructed GM regions correlated with the ALPS‐index in the YOAD and CTL groups. For the GM regions significantly correlated with the ALPS‐index and cognitive measures, we extracted a 4‐mm radius sphere. In the YOAD and CTL groups, we used mediator analysis to explore the ALPS‐index as predictor, GM partitions as mediators, and significant cognitive test scores as outcomes.ResultsPatient group had significantly lower ALPS‐index. The ALPS‐index was associated with GM volume in the cerebellar gray, dorsolateral prefrontal, thalamus, superior frontal, amygdala and hippocampus, and these coherent regions coincided with those showing GM atrophy in the YOAD group. Mediation analysis of the YOAD group suggested that the relationships between the ALPS‐index and cognitive performance were fully mediated by the integrity of ALPS‐index coherent GM areas.DiscussionReserved GM mediates the link between the glymphatic system and cognition. Our findings suggest that GM integrity rather than the glymphatic system could serve as a direct cognitive test scores predictor in patients with YOAD.
The politics of animal welfare: A scoping review of farm animal welfare governance
Authors: Hårstad Renate Marie Butli 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe lack of research in farm animal welfare governance is noticeable given how political science traditionally describes the agricultural field as politicized, i.e., subject to private and public regulations and governance. This paper shows how this issue is making its way into social and political science by using a scoping review methodology to map and analyze what exists in the research literature on farm animal welfare governance from 2000 to 2021. In evaluating drivers in farm animal governance, the literature points to increasing public concern. This is not necessarily because it changes the public's actions, but rather give legitimacy to actors to drive change in other domains such as research and the market. This review identifies retailers and animal welfare organizations as key actors in private farm animal welfare governance. Public government and political parties are perceived as “slower drivers,” thus leaving room for private governance.
Cross-Lagged Associations Between Physical Activity, Self-Rated Health, and Psychological Resilience Among Older American Adults: A 3-Wave Study
Authors: Lee Sunwoo 
Published: April 2023

The current study examined the reciprocal association between psychological resilience, physical activity, and self-rated health in older America adults. A 3-wave cross-lagged panel design was employed using data sampled from the Health and Retirement Study 2010, 2014, and 2018. In total, 8380 older adults, age ranged between 56 and 95 years at the baseline (mean age = 68.06, SD = 7.77), were analyzed. Using structural equation modeling, standardized path coefficients were estimated to determine the relationship between physical activity, self-rated health, and psychological resilience across 2 follow-up points. Cross-lagged analysis revealed that higher levels of physical activity at T1 and T2 were significantly associated with higher levels of self-rated health at T2 and T3, respectively. Self-rated health at T1 and T2 were significantly associated with physical activity at T2 and T3, respectively. Self-rated health and psychological resilience were positively related to one another at each time point. However, relationship between physical activity and psychological resilience was complex across time. Study findings support reciprocal prospective relationship between physical activity and self-rated health and the relationship between self-rated health and psychological resilience.