bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parsimony optimization of phylogenetic networks
Authors: Wheeler Ward C. , Washburn Alexander J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn algorithm is described for the optimization of character data (e.g. qualitative, nucleic acid sequence) on softwired phylogenetic networks. The algorithm presented here is an extension of those developed for trees under the parsimony criterion and can form the basis for phylogenetic network search procedures. Although the problem is (in general) an NP‐Hard optimization, the resolution‐based algorithm we describe here capitalizes on the significant amount of shared structure in sub‐graphs containing network edges, reducing the execution time and allowing for the analysis of empirical datasets.
Much ado about nothing: inapplicable data as insertion–deletion events
Authors: Wheeler Ward C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe treatment of inapplicable characters has proved especially vexing to systematists. Investigators have wrestled with alternative coding scenarios to capture both the presence and absence of a feature, and its variation when present, in a reasonable manner. Three basic issues have presented themselves: (i) impossible states at internal nodes; (ii) action at a distance among disparate parts of the tree; and (iii) “secondary” (i.e. aspect variation) characters overwhelming “primary” (i.e. character presence/absence) patterns in grouping taxa. Multiple methods have been proposed to deal with these issues in the context of standard character coding with varying levels of complexity. Here, I show that these issues can be dealt with in a direct fashion by treating presence/absence not as a character, but as insertion/deletion of a character with all its potential variation. This approach removes these three problems in simple, straightforward manner.
Peripheral atherosclerosis evaluation through ultrasound: A promising diagnostic tool for coronary artery disease
Authors: Artyszuk Łukasz , Błażejowska Ewelina , Danielecka Zuzanna , Jurek Jonasz , Olek Ewa , Abramczyk Piotr 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEffective treatment, but also proper diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, remains a major challenge in everyday practice. A quick, safe, and economically acceptable non‐invasive procedure should play a leading role in cardiovascular risk assessment before invasive diagnostics is performed. The staging of subclinical atherosclerosis may help in further clinical decisions. Safe, widely available, and relatively inexpensive, ultrasonography is a promising examination that should find wider application in clinical practice. The latest ESC guidelines emphasize the usefulness of carotid ultrasound in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and subclinical assessment of atherosclerosis, which help to determine the level of cardiovascular risk. Ultrasound examination of peripheral arteries, especially superficial vessels such as the femoral arteries, is quite easy, quick, and accurate. Other vascular beds, such as iliac and renal, are more demanding to examine, but can also provide valuable information. This review summarizes important studies comparing the severity of atherosclerosis in ultrasound‐visible vascular beds in patients with established CAD. We especially emphasize the benefits of the combined assessment of atherosclerosis features, which were characterized by high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of CAD and other serious cardiovascular diseases.
Experimental Analysis of the Leakage Characteristics of Three Types of Annular Segmented Seals
Authors: Fourt Erwan , Arghir Mihai , Jolly Pascal , Andasmas Mohamed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present paper presents an experimental analysis of the leakage characteristics of three kinds of segmented seals. The segments of the first seal have smooth pads while the second seal has pads with pockets. The pads of the third seal are smooth but the rotor is textured with inclined grooves. The pockets or the textures lift the segments from the rotor and create a radial clearance. This is reflected by the leakage flow rate, the friction torque, and the seal's temperature. These characteristics are hereby measured on a dedicated test rig. The presented results are dimensionless, the measured values for the three types of seal types being divided by the same maximum value. This makes it possible to compare the performance of different segmented seal technologies and to evaluate the compromise between low leakage and enhanced lifespan. The assumptions made on the opening of the segmented seal with pockets during the tests are finally verified with a simple analytical model.
Supplementary Figure S10 from LNS8801 inhibits Acute Myeloid Leukemia by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species and activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway
Authors: Lee Inyoung , Doepner Miriam , Weissenrieder Jillian S , Majer Ariana D , Mercado Sophia , Estell Angela , Natale Christopher A , Sung Pamela J , Foskett J. Kevin , Carroll Martin , Ridky Todd W 
Published: July 2023

<p>Supplementary Figure S10. LNS8801 induces cell death independently of the classical secreted death ligands (A) Time course western blot of U937 cells treated with 250nM LNS8801. (B) Annexin V staining flow analysis of U937 cells treated with either 20ng/mL TNF⍺, 10ug/mL TNFR1 antibody, or 250nM LNS8801. Cells were incubated for 72 hours. 3 replicates were used per condition. (C) Annexin V staining flow analysis of U937 cells treated with LNS8801-treated U937 conditioned media. Cells were incubated in conditioned media for 72 hours. 3 replicates were used per condition. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis (*p=<0.05, **p=<0.01, ***p=<0.001, ****p=<0.0001).</p>
Study of the knowledge of medical secrecy and the rationale for exempting a doctor from medical secrecy by the court - research article
Authors: Błotnicki Maciej , Ćwik-Błotnicka Dominika 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: medical confidentiality is one of the basic rights of the patient and plays a key role in ensuring trust between doctor and patient. However, in a criminal trial, where there is a conflict between the protection of the patient's rights and the need for proper sentencing by the criminal court, the doctor may be exempted from medical confidentiality.
The aim of the study: was to illustrate the respondents' level of knowledge about medical confidentiality. The intention was also to find out the opinion of the respondents as to whether the court should have the right to exempt a doctor from medical secrecy and how often such a situation was encountered.
Material and method: A questionnaire of our own authorship was used. 223 people were surveyed. A comparison of answers to questions between subgroups was made. It was based on current criminal literature and court decisions.
Results: well acquainted with the subject is only 30%, and mostly those with medical or legal education. Nearly ¾ of the respondents believe that in exceptional situations the court should have the right to exempt a doctor from the obligation of medical secrecy.
Conclusions: as a result of the fact that almost 90% of those surveyed believe that most people are unaware of the rationale for exempting a doctor from the obligation of medical secrecy, this topic should be popularized in society. It must be emphasized that balancing the protection of professional secrecy with the needs of justice is a challenge that requires a comprehensive legal analysis in each case.
Current views on pathogenesis of rosacea
Authors: Barczak Iga , Bondos Borys , Kochan Robert , Barczuk Patryk , Bara Sebastian , Dzięgielewski Jędrzej , Bączek Kacper , Barć Jan , Gałajda Elżbieta , Antonik Jacek 
Published: July 2023

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease that usually affects the central part of the face. The primary symptoms include facial flushing, persistent erythema, telangiectasia, inflammatory pustules and papules. Based on groups of these symptoms, four basic rosacea subtypes have been defined: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, ocular, phymatous; and one variant, granulomatous rosacea. Although the pathophysiology of this disorder is not fully known, many components such as immune and neurovascular dysregulation, oxidative stress, genetic background, gut microbiome, skin microbiome as well as external aspects are thought to play a role. In this article, we present the main factors that are speculated to be involved in the pathogenesis of rosacea.
Methods and materials: We reviewed the literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar using the words "rosacea”, „rosacea pathogenesis”, „demodex”, „reactive oxygen species”, „rosacea microbiome”.
Summary
Rosacea is a chronic dermatosis whose etiology, despite many studies, is not fully understood. Currently, an abnormal inflammatory reaction caused by excessive stimulation of TLR-2 receptors is suspected as the main factor in the pathomechanism of the disease. Vascular disorders, transmission disorders, genetic factors, skin and intestinal dysbiosis also participate in the pathogenesis of rosacea. It is assumed that exogenous factors such as diet and exposure to UV radiation also play a role in the development of the disease.
Self-esteem, stress and anxiety among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Łaskawiec-Żuławińska Daria , Wlazło Marika , Grajek Mateusz , Szlacheta Patryk , Korzonek-Szlacheta Ilona 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The effects of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of many individuals are now becoming increasingly apparent, especially among health care workers, who not infrequently develop the so-called post-pandemic stress syndrome, referring in essence to post-traumatic stress disorder. This is a consequence of the fact that medics, especially those who worked on the front lines during the pandemic experienced enormous challenges and difficulties every day that burdened and/or exceeded their individual abilities to adapt.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess well-being and the incidence of stress and anxiety among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods: 182 people participated in the study, belonging to the representatives of medical personnel. The study used a questionnaire technique, by providing a survey with questions in electronic form. The survey consisted of both original questions and standardized psychometric tools, i.e. WHO-5, PSS-10, GAD-7.
Results: Based on the scales, 78.6% of respondents were found to have elevated levels of stress and anxiety with a concomitant decrease in well-being in relation to COVID-19 work.
Conclusions: Disturbing mental health implications were found among health care workers. Those surveyed showed elevated levels of experiencing anxiety and stress, as well as reduced well-being while working during the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensure optimal mental well-being among medical professionals, he recommends guaranteeing access to mental health support and assistance programs for health care workers.
Heavy metal content in duck eggs and meat that consumes feed containing Sapu-sapu fish (Hypostomus plecostomus)
Authors: ASNAWI ASNAWI 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Asnawi. 2023. Heavy metal content in duck eggs and meat that consumes feed containing Sapu-sapu fish (Hypostomus plecostomus). Biodiversitas 24: 3201-3206. This study aimed to evaluate heavy metals in the eggs and meat of ducks feeding on the Sapu-sapu fish (Hypostomus plecostomus Linnaeus, 1758) on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The observation of collected Sapu-sapu fish samples from three major Mataram rivers. Duck eggs and meat were collected from a livestock group that fed Sapu-sapu fish. The observed variables include; macronutrients (moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash) and heavy metal content (Cu and Pb) in the Sapu-sapu fish, duck meat and eggs fed by Sapu-sapu fish. The study found that the Sapu-sapu fish possesses complete macronutrients, making it a possible duck feed. The heavy metal content of copper (Cu) in the Sapu-sapu fish ranges from 189.314±0.0238 ppm, while the lead (Pb) content ranges from 4.25±0.18 ppm. The average heavy metal content of Cu in the eggs and meat of ducks consuming Sapu-sapu fish was 7.692±2.158 ppm and 14.523±6.481 ppm, while the levels of lead in eggs and meat of cesarean fish were 0.936±1.557 ppm 0.373±0.211 ppm. The study concluded that the Sapu-sapu fish in the Mataram city stream has a complete nutritional content (protein, fat, amino acids, minerals) but contains high heavy metals. Therefore, if consumed, ducks dispose of it into the eggs and duck meat. As a result, the eggs and meat of ducks that consume sapu-sapu fish contain heavy metals Cu and Pb that exceed the threshold, so they are unsafe for human consumption.
Establishing the concept of advocacy for nursing home residents with dementia by nurses using a hybrid model: Making a weak but strong life
Authors: KIM Eun Young , CHANG Sung Ok 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Advocates are essential for nursing home (NH) residents with dementia, and NH nurses are suitable advocates. For nurses to advocate for NH residents with dementia, it is necessary to clarify this concept by ascertaining its attributes.
Aim
To confirm the definition and attributes of nurses’ advocacy for NH residents with dementia using a hybrid model.
Methods
We applied a hybrid model consisting of a theoretical phase, a fieldwork phase, and a final analytic phase to develop the concept. In the theoretical phase, 34 studies on definitions and measurements were analysed. During the fieldwork stage, in-depth interviews were conducted with seven participants (nurses in NH), and content analysis was conducted. In the final analytical phase, the results of the theoretical and fieldwork phases were combined to define nurses’ concepts of advocacy for NH residents with dementia.
Results
Finally: Four dimensions (relational, individual, supportive, and ethical) were confirmed, and 13 attributes (communication, trust, empathy, respect, independence, customised care, safety, protection, acceptance, professionalism, susceptibility to abuse, guarantee of legal rights, and representation) were identified.
Conclusion
This study confirms the advocacy structure among NH residents with dementia. This suggests a specific and detailed direction for research on nurses’ advocacy of NH residents with dementia. Based on this study, various studies that can improve nurses’ advocacy for NH residents with dementia should be developed in the future.
Human health risk assessment for NO2, SO2 and CO emissions from a refinery using CALPUFF; A case study Kangan, Iran
Authors: Kiaei Reza , Pardakhti Alireza , Zahed Mohammad Ali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, remarkable attention is being devoted to the issue of air pollutants like NO2, SO2, and CO emitted from refineries. Such contaminants have hazardous effects on people's health. They are regarded as the main contributors to lung cancer, heart disease, pulmonary lesions, etc. Hence, it is essential to provide basic solutions for reducing the effects of air pollutants or preventing their emission. For this purpose, the related studies considered risk assessment of air pollution in cities with high concentrations of pollutants. The current paper models the dispersion of NO2, SO2, and CO emitted from flares and chimneys of Phase 12 of the South Pars refinery, considering risk assessment for the citizens of Kangan, Iran. CALPUFF software was employed for simulating the conditions of the considered case study, and the outcomes were compared with those presented by Iran's air quality monitoring system. An acceptable agreement was observed between the results, while the difference could not be ignored. According to the modeling results and risk assessment, there is no risk for CO and NO2. Nevertheless, there is a risk for SO2 based on the modeling and results of Iran's air pollution monitoring system. Thus, the essence of taking preventative actions and reducing SO2 emissions is required. The novelty of this paper lies in the heart of the accuracy and authenticity of the numerical results achieved for the citizens of Kangan, Iran. Additionally, the results of the other works confirm the findings of this paper which is evidence for the validation of the findings.
A Pharmacotherapeutic Approaches for Managing Labour Pain Using
Synthetic Drugs and Natural Therapies
Authors: Liu Chunxiao , Pang Liyan , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Lili , Ma Dandan , Chen Jing , Nie Guimei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
The birth of a child is a critical and potentially traumatic experience for women, entailing
multiple physiological and psychosocial changes. The psychological effects of childbirth pain
can have both immediate and long-term effects on the mother's health and her bond with her child.
Many studies investigated the different ranges of synthetic drugs available for pain control in labour,
inclusive of neuraxial analgesics, inhaled analgesics, and various opioids. The inadequate efficacy
and unfavourable side effects of these synthetic drugs prevent appropriate pharmacotherapy,
resulting in a quest for natural therapies for reducing labour pain. Herbal therapies (aromatherapy)
using several essential oils obtained from various natural plants are another alternative that calms
and manages the mind and body through aromatic compounds that have neurological and physiological
effects. The review discussed the safety profile of various synthetic drugs with their dosage
information and also deliberated on the mechanism and safety profile of various natural plants that
are used in aromatherapy. The review also briefly highlighted the other non-pharmacological miscellaneous
techniques such as TENS, hypnosis, immersion in water, acupuncture, massage, and
different other tactics that aim to assist women in coping with pain in labour.
Effects of service-learning as opposed to traditional teaching-learning contexts: a pilot study with three different courses
Authors: Pinto J. C. , Costa-Ramalho Susana 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionService-Learning (SL) is an innovative teaching-learning proposal with an increasingly wide application in higher education. Previous studies show its potential to generate positive personal, academic, social and citizenship outcomes among students who participate in it. But studies that help understand in depth its real impact, particularly in comparison with more traditional teaching-learning contexts, are still scarce. MethodThis study explores the effects of Service-Learning on 122 university students, who were attending Psychology (n = 80), Social Work (SW; n = 19) and Applied Foreign Languages (AFL; n = 23) degree courses. These participants were organized into service-learning and traditional teaching-learning groups and assessed on expectations and impact of the service-experience, development of social and civic skills, and life goals.ResultsResults show significant differences between pre- and post-tests in life goals, namely an increase in hedonistic and wellbeing goals for Psychology students, political, hedonistic, religious, personal development, and wellbeing goals for SW students, and social and wellbeing goals for AFL students. Students in Psychology and AFL increased their expectations with the service and students in the AFL developed more pro-social behaviors.DiscussionThese results are encouraging for the expansion of this transformative teaching-learning practice to courses of different scientific areas, although with some specificities, with the purpose of contributing to a more responsible, critical and participatory society in the creation of the common good.
Variability in coastal downwelling circulation in response to high-resolution regional atmospheric forcing off the Pearl River estuary
Authors: Lai Wenfeng , Gan Jianping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. We investigated the variabilities in coastal circulation
and dynamics in response to spatiotemporally variable high-resolution
atmospheric forcing off the Pearl River estuary during the downwelling wind.
Our investigation focused on the dynamics of coastal downwelling circulation
in response to variable atmospheric forcing of (1) single-station
observation, (2) global reanalysis data, and (3) a high-resolution regional
atmospheric model. We found that the high-resolution atmospheric model
significantly improved the representations of the near-surface wind and air
temperature, and the ocean model driven by the high-resolution and spatially
variable atmospheric forcing improved the circulation and associated
hydrographic properties in the coastal ocean. Momentum and vorticity
analyses further revealed that the cross-isobath water exchange was
primarily governed by the along-isobath pressure gradient force (PGF), which
was influenced by different components of the atmospheric forcing. The
spatial–temporal variability in high-resolution wind forcing determined the
strength and structure of coastal circulation and improved estimates of
cross-isobath transport and the associated PGF by refining the net stress
curl and nonlinear advection of relative vorticity in the simulation. The
high-resolution heat forcing can greatly improve the sea surface temperature
simulation and adjust the nonlinear advection of relative vorticity,
resulting in changes in cross-isobath transport.
Desain Media Pembelajaran Online Menggunakan Aplikasi Padlet pada Mata Pelajaran Simulasi dan Komunikasi Digital di SMK Swasta Muhammadiyah Singkil
Authors: Khairuman Khairuman , Zakir Supratman , Sesmiarni Zulfani , Aprison Wedra 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian dilatarbelakangi terkait persoalan proses belajar mengajar yang masih melakukan pembelajaran secara konvensional. Pembelajaran dilakukan dengan metode tatap muka dan membagi siswa kedalam beberapa shif sehingga mengurangi penularan Covid-19. Keterbatasan pada sharing atau berbagai file/modul pembelajaran ketika pandemi covid-19 dan disaat guru atau siswa berhalangan hadir masih sulit dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menghasilkan media pembelajaran online pada mata pelajaran simulasi & komunikasi digital yang tervalidasi dan mendeskripsikan kevalidan, kepraktisan dan keefektifannya. Penelitian ini merupakan Research and Development dengan lima tahapan (ADDIE) yaitu Analisis, Desain, Pengembangan, Implementasi dan Evaluasi. Pada tahap development model pengembangan media pembelajaran yang digunakan versi Luther Sutopo yang terdiri dari enam tahap, yaitu concept, design, materil collecting, assembly, testing & distribution. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) uji validitas dari 3 orang ahli dibidang sistem komputer menunjukkan nilai 0,75 dengan kategori valid; (2) uji praktikalitas dari 1 orang ahli materi dan 2 siswa menunjukkan nilai 93 dengan kategori sangat praktis; (3) uji efektifitas dari 3 orang siswa pada pembelajaran komputer dan jaringan dasar menunjukkan nilai 0,88 dengan kategori efektifitas tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil uji validitas, praktikalitas dan efektifitas, maka produk desain media pembelajaran online dinilai layak dan dapat digunakan pada pembelajaran mata pelajaran simulasi dan komunikasi digital, sehingga disarankan guru dan siswa dapat memanfaatkannya sebagai salah satu alternative media pembelajaran.