bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review; Efficacy Assessment of Novel Therapy in Treating Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Mona Yousif , Cuomo Raphael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is one of the prominent ocular diseases that lead to vision loss in older patients. With the gradual loss of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells, the macula atrophies over time causing nonreversible central blindness. Steroid injections (such as Avastin & Vabysmo) are used today in clinics as the most common regimen for AMD symptom management. However, classical steroid injections do not always work, and have a high probability of procedure-related complications due to repeated monthly injections. Gene-manipulating and stem cell treatments offer an alternative, radical treatment path from the classic therapy to treat genetically triggered AMD with higher efficacy and specificity with far less frequency of administration compared to standard care. Six randomized phase 1/II clinical trials were selected from a pool of studies that investigated effectiveness, safety or both based on a strict search criteria that consisted of the terms and parameters of interest. A diagnostic table of the proper variables of interest was constructed and a meta-analysis assessing the odds ratio (OR) for therapy vs control arms was printed on a forest plot based on our selected data. This process utilized Microsoft Excel and R-Studio for all the statistical analyses performed. The meta-analysis revealed that Weiss et al. and Parker et al. were the two leading studies with the most significant weight of 33% and 24% respectively. The overall common effect from all the studies was found to be OR=3.28 (95% CI = 1.90-5.64). The common effect indicates that the odds of higher visual acuity fall within the study arm that received some sort of gene-related therapy in comparison to control. The overall study measure is statistically insignificant (p-value = 0.19 > 0.05), which was expected due to the small sample size recruited in all studies. The heterogeneity and Q-test values were all within the expected and accepted range considering the small sample size and therapy novelty as well. Light must be shed on gene and stem cell therapy by the scientific community as it has shown clinical evidence in treating many complicated diseases, including AMD. Moreover, such therapies can be utilized to target certain regions of the eye that are impacted by the illness, enabling a more specialized and efficient course of treatment.
Artificial Intelligence Predictive Model for Hormone Therapy Use in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Spratt Daniel E , Tang Siyi , Sun Yilun , Huang Huei-Chung , Chen Emmalyn , Mohamad Osama , Armstrong Andrew J , Tward Jonathan D , Nguyen Paul L , Lang Joshua M , Zhang Jingbin , Mitani Akinori , Simko Jeffry P , DeVries Sandy , Wal Douwe van der , Pinckaers Hans , Monson Jedidiah M , Campbell Holly A , Wallace James , Ferguson Michelle J , Bahary Jean-Paul , Schaeffer Edward M , Consortium NRG Prostate Cancer AI , Sandler Howard M , Tran Phuoc T , Rodgers Joseph P , Esteva Andre , Yamashita Rikiya , Feng Felix Y 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with radiotherapy can benefit patients with localized prostate cancer. However, ADT can negatively impact quality of life and there remain no validated predictive models to guide its use.
Methods
Digital pathology image and clinical data from pre-treatment prostate tissue from 5,727 patients enrolled on five phase III randomized trials treated with radiotherapy +/- ADT were used to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-derived predictive model to assess ADT benefit with the primary endpoint of distant metastasis. After the model was locked, validation was performed on NRG/RTOG 9408 (n = 1,594) that randomized men to radiotherapy +/- 4 months of ADT. Fine-Gray regression and restricted mean survival times were used to assess the interaction between treatment and predictive model and within predictive model positive and negative subgroup treatment effects.
Results
In the NRG/RTOG 9408 validation cohort (14.9 years of median follow-up), ADT significantly improved time to distant metastasis (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] = 0.64, 95%CI [0.45–0.90], p = 0.01). The predictive model-treatment interaction was significant (p-interaction = 0.01). In predictive model positive patients (n = 543, 34%), ADT significantly reduced the risk of distant metastasis compared to radiotherapy alone (sHR = 0.34, 95%CI [0.19–0.63], p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between treatment arms in the predictive model negative subgroup (n = 1,051, 66%; sHR = 0.92, 95%CI [0.59–1.43], p = 0.71).
Conclusions
Our data, derived and validated from completed randomized phase III trials, show that an AI-based predictive model was able to identify prostate cancer patients, with predominately intermediate-risk disease, who are likely to benefit from short-term ADT.
Development and Validation of Nomogram Model to Predict Cancer-Specific Survival and Overall Survival in Adult Patients with Malignant Glioma: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Ma Huihui , Sun Jialin , Xiong Siyuan , Cai Ronglong , Wang Yan , Yu Xiushi , Zhang Zhongshuang , Si Junqiang , Luo Shu , Ma Ketao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Malignant glioma (MG) is the most common primary central nervous system malignancy; it is highly invasive and has a poor prognosis. Accurate and effective evaluation of prognostic factors is of great clinical significance for individualized treatment, prognosis and follow-up of MG patients. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) in adult MG patients. The data of adult MG patients were downloaded from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to determine independent risk factors for the prognosis of adult MG patients. Nomograms were developed to predict the CSS and OS of adult MG patients based on a multivariate Cox regression model. Furthermore, calibration curves were used to verify the consistency of the nomogram model. The consistency index (C-index) and the area under the subject operating characteristic curve (AUC) values were used to test for the models’ accuracy and discrimination, respectively. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical applicability of the nomogram models. Subsequently, a risk score was calculated for each patient based on the nomogram. ROC was used to find the optimal cut-off value, and all patients were divided into the high-risk group or the low-risk group. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve of the high-risk group and the low-risk group was drawn, and the survival difference between both two groups was tested by the Log-rank test. The differences in survival with respect to various surgical procedures and sequence number (SN) were analyzed. Finally, a computer and mobile calculators were designed to facilitate the use of the nomograms. In total, 37474 adult MG patients were included from 2004 to 2019. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models revealed that age, marital status, race, tumor site, laterality, histology, stage, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and SN were independent risk factors for predicting CSS and OS in adult patients with MG. The calibration curve demonstrated that the model had good consistency. The C-index and AUC verified the discrimination of the model, and the DCA revealed that the nomogram model had superior clinical applicability to the stage model of the SEER database. The models can help doctors and patients to make better clinical decisions.
Association ofACE Gene Polymorphisms with In-Stent Restenosis by Stent Type (Biomime, Supraflex, Xience)
Authors: Klashami Zeynab Nickhah , Roudbordeh Majid Gholamzadeh , Asadi Mojgan , Ebrahimi Pirooz , Amoli Mahsa Mohammadi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme or ACE is an exopeptidase that causes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, vasoconstriction, and aldosterone secretion. ACE gene polymorphism (I/D) causes more enzyme activity and increases the risk of coronary artery disease or CAD.
Aims: To examine the role of ACE (I/D) Gene Polymorphisms by Stent Types (Biomime, Supraflex, Xience) has been investigated in patients who underwent angioplasty in this study.
Material & Methods: Patients in the in-stent restenosis group (ISR+) (N=53) and patients non-ISR group (ISR-) (N=68) have been enrolled in this study based on follow-up angiography > 1 year after PCI. Frequencies of allele and genotypes of the ACE (I/D) variant were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: The genotypes and allele frequencies were not significantly different between the studied populations (p-Values > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between people with a history of Clopidogrel use in the ISR- and ISR+ groups observed (p-Values > 0.005).
Conclusion: In the present study, there was no statistically significant relationship between ACE (I/D) gene polymorphism and the incidence of restenosis in patients who underwent repeat angiography. However, the ratio of frequency percentage of alleles to each other in terms of frequency shows the highest to lowest alleles I/D, D/D, and I/I in both groups. In the comparison of drugs used among patients, the drug Clopidogrel (Plavix) is discussed in the incidence of restenosis, in this study, the results showed that the number of patients who received Clopidogrel in the ISR+ group was significantly less than the ISR- group. This issue can indicate the inhibitory effect of Clopidogrel in the recurrence of stenosis.
Treatment and reuse of a pesticide-containing wastewater by a combination of physicochemical, biological and membrane processes
Authors: Gaioto Fernanda Cazelato , Matheus Maurício , Chaves Bianca Miguel de Souza , Campos Juacyara Carbonelli , Barra Thamara Andrade , Azevedo Débora de Almeida , Bassin João Paulo , Dezotti Márcia Walquíria de Carvalho 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Proper treatment and reuse of industrial wastewaters are efficient ways to mitigate their environmental impacts. In this work, a pesticide formulation wastewater pretreated by activated carbon was combined with sewage (4:96) and subjected to biotreatment in a lab-scale moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with 50% media filling ratio and 6h HRT. Throughout 180 days, efficient removal was achieved for organic matter (86%, tCOD) and ammonium (88%). Additionally, the MBBR effluent exhibited higher quality than the water of the river used by the pesticide industry. For evaluating the possibility of wastewater reuse, the effluents from the MBBR (M) and a lubricant industry (L, from the same industrial site) were combined with the river water (R) that feeds the industrial water treatment plant (WTP) and submitted to a lab-scale reproduced WTP: coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, sand filtration and microfiltration. River water and two combinations (RM: 85:15 and RML: 80:15:5) were assessed. The mixtures improved the efficiency of the lab-reproduced WTP; however, the fouling potential was high (SDI15>5) for reverse osmosis at the end of the WTP. Thus, after microfiltration, two ultrafiltration (UF) membranes (10 and 50 kDa) were tested, producing similar quality water (0.02 NTU, low SDI and color). After UF, the total turbidity and color removals for R, RM and RML were, respectively, 99.87%, 99.84% and 99.81%, and 96.2%, 87.3% and 93.1%. The UF implementation produced stable high-quality water, implying a reduction of RO membrane costs and cleaning frequency, while increasing the permeate flux. Ultimately, complete wastewater reuse was enabled by the proposed chain.
Solution of Green function in near-field from high-speed railway seismic source and simulation signal analysis
Authors: Jia Baoxin , Yuan Wenya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Establishing and simplifying the high-speed railway seismic source model in near-field was crucial to analyzing the propagation law and energy radiation of high-speed railway seismic wave. With the forward calculation of Green function, the study on the simulation signal was carried out by MATLAB. By comparing the simulation signal with real signal, the Green function in the near-field term of high-speed-railway seismic source was verified to be reliable. In addition, according to simulation signal analysis on vibration curves, frequency spectra and energy distribution maps, the results showed that in the near-field of high-speed railway seismic source，the vibration curves were characterized with two peaks in the direction parallel to the high-speed railway, reflecting the propagation law of high-speed railway seismic wave under the moving-line source, while the propagation law and energy attenuation were obvious in the direction perpendicular to the ground surface. The high-speed railway seismic signal appeared broadband with clear discrete spectral lines, of which the feature frequencies varied from 60Hz to 370Hz, affected by the propagation distance of high-speed railway seismic wave. Within 150 meters, the energy of high-speed railway seismic wave under the feature frequencies below 200Hz attenuated greater, while when the high-speed railway seismic wave propagated farther than 150 meters, that under the feature frequencies between 200Hz to 300Hz attenuated much more. The energy distribution of high-speed railway seismic wave depended on the frequency response property at seismic source, and the frequency response property showed significant difference with the frequency ranging from 40Hz to 500Hz.
Cilostazol ameliorates motor dysfunction and Schwann cell impairment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Chang Lin-Li , Wu Yu-Ming , Wang Hung-Chen , Tseng Kuang-Yi , Wang Yi-Hsuan , Lu Yen-Mou , Cheng Kuang-I 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cilostazol on motor dysfunction, spinal motor neuron abnormalities, and schwannopathy in rats with diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in rats via femoral intravenous streptozotocin (STZ) injection (60 mg/kg). After successful DM induction, cilostazol was administered on day 15 via oral gavage (100 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks until sacrifice. Behavioral assays, including motor function were performed weekly. The sciatic nerve, L5 spinal cord, and spinal ventral root were collected to evaluate the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin protein zero (P0), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. DM rats displayed decreased running speeds, running distance, and toe spread but increased foot pressure. In addition, loss of non-myelinating Schwann cells and myelin sheaths was observed in the sciatic nerve and L5 spinal ventral root. Reduced numbers of motor neurons were also found in the L5 spinal ventral horn. Cilostazol administration significantly potentiated running speed and distance, increased hind paw toe spread, and decreased foot pressure. In the sciatic nerve and L5 spinal ventral root, cilostazol treatment significantly improved non-myelinated Schwann cells and increased myelin mass. ChAT expression in motor neurons in the spinal ventral horn was improved, but not significantly. Cilostazol administration may protect sensorimotor function in diabetic rats.
Metabolic Phenotyping of BMI to Characterize Cardiometabolic Risk: Evidence from Large Population-Based Cohorts
Authors: Meikle Peter , Beyene Habtamu , Giles Corey , Huynh Kevin , Wang Tingting , Cinel Michelle , Mellett Natalie , Olshansky Gavriel , Meikle Thomas , Watts Gerald , Hung Joseph , Hui Jennie , Cadby Gemma , Beilby John , Blangero John , Moses Eric , Shaw Jonathan , Magliano Dianna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, a substantial proportion of patients with these conditions have a seemingly normal body mass index (BMI). Conversely, not all obese individuals present with metabolic disorders giving rise to the concept of “metabolically healthy obese”. Using comprehensive lipidomic datasets from two large independent population cohorts in Australia (n = 14,831), we developed models that predicted BMI and calculated a metabolic BMI score (mBMI) as a measure of metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity. We postulated that the mBMI score would be an independent metric for defining obesity and help identify a hidden risk for metabolic disorders regardless of the measured BMI. Based on the difference between mBMI and BMI (mBMI delta; “mBMIΔ”), we identified individuals with a similar BMI but differing in their metabolic health profiles. Participants in the top quintile of mBMIΔ (Q5) were more than four times more likely to be newly diagnosed with T2DM (OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 3.1–6.6), more than two times more likely to develop T2DM over a five year follow up period (OR = 2.5; CI = 1.5–4.1) and had higher odds of cardiovascular disease (heart attack or stroke) (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.5–3.1) relative to those in the bottom quintile (Q1). Exercise and diet were associated with mBMIΔ suggesting the ability to modify mBMI with lifestyle intervention. In conclusion, our findings show that, the mBMI score captures information on metabolic dysregulation that is independent of the measured BMI and so provides an opportunity to assess metabolic health to identify individuals at risk for targeted intervention and monitoring.
The Full Multi-wake Vortex Lattice Method: a detached flow model based on Potential Flow Theory
Authors: Pimentel Jesus Carlos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
One of the main issues concerning to the standard Vortex Lattice Method is its application to partially or fully detached flow conditions, where non-linear aerodynamic characteristics appears as the angle of attack increases and/or the aspect ratio decreases. In order to solve such limitations a pure numerical approach based entirely on the Vortex Lattice Method concepts has been developed. The so-called steady “Full Multi-wake Vortex Lattice Method” comes from the main hypothesis that each discretized element on the body’s surface detaches their own wakes downstream. Obtained results match for lift, induced drag and moment coefficients for the entire aspect ratio range configurations (under straight wakes and inviscid assumptions). A future unsteady version of such multi-wake approach could improve the current results obtained through Vortex Element Methods (as vortons or isolated vortex filaments).
Simulating the Breathing Phase Transitions of Metal-organic Frameworks : Volume Control of Nanocrystallites
Authors: Schmid Rochus , Schaper Larissa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can undergo structural transitions with significant pore volume changes upon guest adsorption or other external triggers while maintaining their porosity. In computational studies of this breathing behavior, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations within periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) are commonly performed. However, to account for the finite size and surface effects affecting the phase transition mechanism, the simulation of non-periodic nanocrystallite (NC) models without the constraint of PBCs is an important alternative. In this study, we present an approach allowing the analysis and control of the volume of finite-size structures during MD simulations by a tetrahedral tessellation of the (deformed) NC's volume. The new method allows for defining the current NC's volume during the simulation and manipulating it regarding a particular reference volume to compute free energies for the phase transformation via umbrella sampling. The application on differently sized DMOF‑1 and DUT‑128 NCs reveals flexible pore closing mechanisms without significant biasing of the transition pathway. The concept provides the theoretical foundation for further research on flexible materials regarding targeted initialization of the breathing phase behavior to elucidate the underlying mechanism, which can be used to improve the applications of flexible materials by targeted controlling of the phase transition.
Novel QTL for Lateral Root Density and Length improve Phosphorus Uptake in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Dinh Lam Thi , Ueda Yoshiaki , Gonzalez Daniel , Tanaka Juan Pariasca , Takanashi Hideki , Wissuwa Matthias 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The rice root system consists of two types of lateral roots, indeterminate larger L-types capable of further branching, and determinate, short, unbranched S-types. L-type laterals correspond to the typical lateral roots of cereals whereas S-type laterals are unique to rice. Both types contribute to nutrient and water uptake and genotypic variation for density and length of these laterals could be exploited in rice improvement to enhance adaptations to nutrient and water-limited environments. Our objectives were to determine how best to screen for lateral root density and length and to identify markers linked to genotypic variation for these traits. Using different growing media showed that screening in nutrient solution exposed genotypic variation for S-type and L-type density, but only the lateral roots of soil-grown plants varied for their lengths. A QTL mapping population developed from parents contrasting for lateral root traits was grown in a low-P field, roots were sampled, scanned and density and length of lateral roots measured. One QTL each was detected for L-type density (LDC), S-type density on crown root (SDC), S-type density on L-type (SDL), S-type length on L-type (SLL), and crown root number (RNO). The QTL for LDC on chromosome 5 had a major effect, accounting for 46% of the phenotypic variation. This strong positive effect was confirmed in additional field experiments, showing that lines with the donor parent allele at qLDC5 had 50% higher LDC. Investigating the contribution of lateral root traits to P uptake using stepwise regressions indicated LDC and RNO were most influential, followed by SDL. Simulating effects of allelic differences of main QTL in a P uptake model confirmed that qLDC5 was most effective in improving P uptake followed by qRNO9 for RNO and qSDL9 for S-type lateral density on L-type laterals. Pyramiding qLDC5 with qRNO9 and qSDL9 is possible given that trade-offs between traits were not detected. Phenotypic selection for the RNO trait during variety development would be feasible, however, the costs of doing so reliably for lateral root density traits is prohibitive and markers identified here therefore provide the first opportunity to incorporate such traits into a breeding program.