bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three segment ligation of a 104 kDa multi-domain protein by SrtA and OaAEP1
Authors: Azatian Stephan B. , Canny Marella D. , Latham Michael P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNMR spectroscopy is an excellent tool for studying protein structure and dynamics which provides a deeper understanding of biological function. As the size of the biomolecule of interest increases, it can become advantageous to dilute the number of observed signals in the NMR spectrum to decrease spectral overlap and increase resolution. One way to limit the number of resonances in the NMR data is by selectively labeling a smaller domain within the larger macromolecule, a process called segmental isotopic labeling. Many examples of segmental isotopic labeling have been described where two segments of a protein are ligated together by chemical or enzymatic means, but there are far fewer descriptions of a three or more segment ligation reaction. Herein, we describe an enzymatic segmental labeling scheme that combines the widely used Sortase A and more recently described OaAEP1 for a two site ligation strategy. In preparation to study proposed long-range allostery in the 104 kDa DNA damage repair protein Rad50, we ligated side-chain methyl group labeled Zn Hook domain between two long segments of otherwise unlabeled P.furiosus Rad50. Enzymatic activity data demonstrated that the scars resulting from the ligation reactions did not affect Rad50 function within the Mre11-Rad50 DNA double strand break repair complex. Finally, methyl-based NMR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the full-length ligated protein. Our strategy highlights the strengths of OaAEP1 for segmental labeling, namely faster reaction times and a smaller recognition sequence, and provides a straightforward template for using these two enzymes in multisite segmental labeling reactions.
Absolute quantification of cellular levels of photosynthesis-related proteins in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Jackson Philip J. , Hitchcock Andrew , Brindley Amanda A. , Dickman Mark J. , Hunter C. Neil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantifying cellular components is a basic and important step for understanding how a cell works, how it responds to environmental changes, and for re-engineering cells to produce valuable metabolites and increased biomass. We quantified proteins in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 given the general importance of cyanobacteria for global photosynthesis, for synthetic biology and biotechnology research, and their ancestral relationship to the chloroplasts of plants. Four mass spectrometry methods were used to quantify cellular components involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoid and bilin pigments, membrane assembly, the light reactions of photosynthesis, fixation of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and hydrogen and sulfur metabolism. Components of biosynthetic pathways, such as those for chlorophyll or for photosystem II assembly, range between 1000 and 10,000 copies per cell, but can be tenfold higher for CO2 fixation enzymes. The most abundant subunits are those for photosystem I, with around 100,000 copies per cell, approximately 2 to fivefold higher than for photosystem II and ATP synthase, and 5–20 fold more than for the cytochrome b6f complex. Disparities between numbers of pathway enzymes, between components of electron transfer chains, and between subunits within complexes indicate possible control points for biosynthetic processes, bioenergetic reactions and for the assembly of multisubunit complexes.
Farmers Experiencing Potato Seed Degeneration Respond but Do Not Adjust Their Seed Replacement Strategies in Ecuador
Authors: Navarrete Israel , Andrade-Piedra Jorge L. , López Victoria , Yue Xuanyu , Herrera Jazmín , Barzallo Mayra , Quimbiulco Klever , Almekinders Conny J. M. , Struik Paul C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn Ecuador, farmers poorly adopt practices to manage potato seed degeneration. This could be related to the deficient understanding of the farmers’ capacity to experience seed degeneration and respond to it. We contribute to this understanding by answering: How do farmers experience seed degeneration?; What practices do farmers implement when their seed is degenerated?; and Is experiencing degeneration the pivotal factor determining how farmers replace their seed regardless their income? We analysed data collected in Ecuador through farmers’ focus group discussions, farmers’ surveys and interviews, and the Ecuadorian employment status survey. We found that approximately half of the farmers experienced degeneration. Farmers experienced it through low yields, change in seed appearance, crop weakening, and seed physiological problems. When farmers experienced degeneration, they replaced their seed, sought for technical advice, applied more agricultural inputs, or grew other crops. Income was an important trigger for farmers to change their seed replacement practices.
Bounded birationality and isomorphism problems are computable
Authors: Truong Tuyen Trung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLet X, Y be two irreducible subvarieties of the projective space $${\mathbb {P}}^n$$

P

n

, and $$d\ge 1$$

d
≥
1

an integer number. The main result of this paper is an algorithm to construct explicitly, in terms of d and the ideals defining X and Y, a quasi-affine algebraic variety parametrising the set of all birational maps f from X onto Y which can be extended to a self-rational map of $${\mathbb {P}}^n$$

P

n

of algebraic degree $$\le d$$

≤
d

. We also prove similar results for the case f is a dominant rational map, regular morphism, isomorphism or regular embedding. Similar results are valid for varieties over an arbitrary algebraically closed field, and also for maps on non-projective varieties.
Alloy modification for additive manufactured Ni alloy components Part II: Effect on subsequent machining properties
Authors: Engelking Lorenz , Schroepfer Dirk , Kannengiesser Thomas , Eissel Antonia , Treutler Kai , Wesling Volker 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlloy 36 (1.3912) is an alloy with 36% nickel and 64% iron and is generally classified as a difficult-to-cut material. Increasingly complex structures and the optimization of resource efficiency are making additive manufacturing (AM) more and more attractive for the manufacture or repair of components. Subsequent machining of AM components is unavoidable for its final contour. By using modern, hybrid machining processes, e.g., ultrasonic-assisted milling (US), it is possible to improve the cutting situation regarding the resulting surface integrity as well as the cutting force. Part I deals with the influence of the alloying elements Ti, Zr, and Hf on the microstructure and the hardness of the initial alloy 36. Part II focusses on the effect of the alloy modifications and the ultrasonic assistance on machinability as well as on the surface integrity after finish-milling. The results show a highly significant influence of the ultrasonic assistance. The cutting force during the US is reduced by over 50% and the roughness of approx. 50% compared to conventional milling (CM) for all materials investigated. Moreover, the US causes a defect-free surface and induces near-surface compressive residual stresses. CM leads to a near-surface stress state of approx. 0 MPa.
Peer-Assisted Learning in Undergraduate Medical Education for Resilience and Well-being
Authors: Snapp Cathy , Bassett Casey , Baldwin Amy , Hill Janette R. , DeBusk Ruth 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peers are a powerful resource in the learning process. Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is a high value activity for the peer and the coach. We report here a PAL activity focused on resilience and well-being for first-year undergraduate medical students. The model and lessons learned are described.
A Comparative Study of Stand-alone and Cloud-Based Fuzzy Logic Systems for Human Fall Detection
Authors: Pandya Bhavesh , Pourabdollah Amir , Lotfi Ahmad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTraditionally, fuzzy logic systems are linked to specific hardware or software systems. Observations reveal that dispersed and distributed designs of intelligent systems are gaining attraction. Due to the possible complexities of fuzzy logic computations, distributed architectures have the potential to add value to the development of fuzzy systems. However, the absence of best practices and standard methodologies may prevent widespread adoption. By broadening the IEEE-1855 (2016) standard in terms of system definition and data exchange, this research offers a standard solution for building a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) as a novel method of implementing fuzzy logic systems by means of a cloud-based collecting, processing, and examining data over the web. A comparison between the performances of a stand-alone hardware-dependent solution and a cloud-based solution (known as fuzzy-as-a-service) is performed. The analysis is also carried out on two different cloud service providers and software libraries (Amazon Web Services using JFML as a java-based library and Azure Web Services using Simpful as a python-based library). The analysis and evaluation are performed on a human fall detection scenario involving wearable sensors. The proposed algorithm can identify between fall and non-fall events. However, the results show that the processing time taken per 10,000 samples using smartwatch and mobile was 2220 s and 101 s for a cloud-based non-fuzzy machine learning system, 1111 s and 45 s for a cloud-based fuzzy system with AWS and JFML, and 1250 s and 97 s for a cloud-based fuzzy system with Microsoft Azure and Simpful libraries. It has been observed that a smartwatch with a fuzzy stand-alone crashed after processing 5000 samples and a mobile phone requires 179.42 s to process 10,000 samples.
Design methods of blast resistant façades, windows, and doors in Germany: a review
Authors: van der Woerd Jan Dirk , Wagner Matthias , Pietzsch Achim , Andrae Matthias , Gebbeken Norbert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExplosion events represent an extraordinary action for buildings and especially for the building envelope. In addition to accidents in chemical plants or during transport of explosive substances, the threat of terrorist attacks has increased in recent years. Façade constructions, windows, and doors represent weak points in the event of an incident, through which blast waves can enter the building. Debris and fragments resulting from the failure of building components endanger people inside and outside the building. For structures that are threatened, appropriate elements with protective properties must be chosen so that an acceptable level of safety is achieved. The design and execution of a sufficiently blast-resistant building envelope is not a trivial task. In limited cases, necessary protection can be achieved by use of certified products. Since buildings in need of protection mostly have high architectural demands, standard elements can usually not be used. Or the blast load used for certification deviates greatly from the assumed blast load for the threat scenario. There are several methods to verify the explosion resistant properties of façades, windows, doors, etc., e. g. experimental methods, numerical methods, engineering approaches and empirical methods. In this article, an introduction to explosions and their effect on the building envelope is given. Methods for verification of blast resistance are presented and critical discussed. The article presents an overview of the state of the art in practice with a focus on Germany.
Shape and Stability Matter: Enhanced Catalytic Reactions via Sol–gel-Entrapped Catalysts
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe possibility to tune the solid catalyst morphology and the unique chemical and physical stability of organosilica-entrapped sol–gel catalysts allow the application of these catalysts to the synthesis of a wide variety of valued molecules, including polymers, manufactured by the fine-chemical industry. Referring to selected independent research achievements, we provide a practice oriented insight on these materials that will hopefully be useful in new, unified catalysis education aimed to foster the uptake of heterogeneous catalysis in the fine and specialty chemical industry.
Graphic abstract
CHARACTERISTICS OF PINE NEEDLES EXPOSED TO MULTI-SOURCE POLLUTION IN SILESIA: RADIOCARBON CONCENTRATION IN PINE NEEDLES AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE NEEDLES’ SURFACE DEPOSITS
Authors: Sensuła Barbara , Toroń Bartłomiej , Rocznik Joanna , Sasiela Agnieszka , Świątkowski Jakub , Tomaszowska Aleksandra 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTWe present here the analysis of the radiocarbon concentration and the components deposited on 2-year-old Pinus sylvestris L. needles collected in 2021, which were exposed to air contaminants for approximately two years. The needles were collected from seven sampling sites located near roads, households, and industrial factories in Silesia, the most industrialized part of Poland. The radiocarbon concentration was investigated using liquid scintillation spectrometry. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to quantitatively analyze the elements deposited on the surface of pine needles. The depletion of the radiocarbon concentration in pine needles relative to clean air was observed at most of the investigated sites. Although it has been observed that in the research area, the fossil fuel CO2 emission ranging from 0.4 to 3%, we cannot exclude that Suess effect may be underestimated due to biomass burning and mixing of the 14CO2 origin from different sources. A significant amount of silicon, nitrogen, and sulfur was commonly found in samples, Metal elements of Ca, Fe, Al, Mg, and K were also present in most samples. Heavier elements of Fe and Ti were present in higher concentrations only in needles obtained from sites nearer to the heat and power plant in Łaziska Górne.
Biological control of the stink bug Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) by two parasitoids and their interaction in non-crop habitats: a simulation model
Authors: Liljesthröm G. G. , Rabinovich J. E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNon-cultivated areas are resting, overwintering, feeding, and/or reproducing habitats for insects, and also places from where crop areas are colonized; thus, they are essential for understanding the biological control programs in agroecosystems. We developed a simulation model for a non-cultivated area of Buenos Aires province (Argentina), and we analyzed the control of Nezara viridula achieved by the action of two parasitoids: the oophagous Trissolcus basalis and the tachinid Trichopoda giacomellii, which attack older nymphs and adults. The model is a discrete time, deterministic, phenomenological, spatially homogeneous with a 1-week time interval simulation model, based on the age-structure and/or stage-structure of N. viridula and its two parasitoids. The host–parasitoid interactions were combined with a degree-day model affecting development times of T. giacomellii pupae and T. basalis pre-imaginal stages. The simultaneous attack of both parasitoid species enables the persistence of the system at low host densities, mediated by the functional response of the parasitoids, identified as population regulation factors. However, if only one parasitoid exists (i.e., only T. basalis or only T. giacomellii) the interaction N. viridula–parasitoid persisted but at higher density of N. viridula. These results explain the successful biological control of N. viridula after the introduction of T. basalis in the 1980s, when T. giacomellii was the only parasitoid present, unable to control N. viridula. Our model shows an indirect competition when both parasitoids are present: the attack of one of them diminished the potential number of hosts available to the other parasitoid species. In the field this interaction is obscured by the hibernation period which acted as a reset mechanism affecting the density and age/stage structure of all three populations. Our model was supported by field observations, and never exhibited the extinction of any of the parasitoids from the interaction.
Terrorist Attacks against Concerts and Festivals: A Review of 146 Incidents in the Global Terrorism Database
Authors: De Cauwer Harald , Barten Dennis G. , Tin Derrick , Mortelmans Luc J. , Ciottone Gregory R. , Somville Francis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground:Mass gatherings are vulnerable to terrorist attacks and are considered soft targets with potential to inflict high numbers of casualties. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize all documented terrorist attacks targeted at concerts and festivals reported to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) over a 50-year period.Methods:The GTD was searched for all terrorist attacks against concerts and festivals that occurred world-wide from 1970 through 2019. Analyses were performed on temporal factors, location, target type, attack and weapon type, attacker type, and number of casualties or hostages. Ambiguous incidents were excluded if there was doubt about whether they were exclusively acts of terrorism. Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate trends over time and differences in attack types.Results:In total, 146 terrorist attacks were identified. In addition to musical concerts, festivals included religious, cultural, community, and food festivals. With 53 incidents, South Asia was the most heavily hit region of the world, followed by the Middle East & North Africa with 25 attacks. Bombings and explosions were the most common attack types. The attacks targeted attendees, pilgrims, politicians, or police/military members who secured the concerts and festivals.Conclusion:This analysis of the GTD, which identified terrorist attacks aimed at concerts and festivals over a 50-year period, demonstrates that the threat is significant, and not only in world regions where terrorism is more prevalent or local conflicts are going on. The findings of this study may help to create or enhance contingency plans.
Big Five, Dark Triad, and Face Masks
Authors: Howard Matt C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Face masks are an effective method to reduce the spread of COVID-19, but many people are reluctant to wear them. Recent authors have called for studies of personality to determine which people may have particularly negative face mask perceptions and reduced face mask wearing. In the current article, we assess the relation of the Big Five and Dark Triad with face mask perceptions and wearing. We apply a four-wave longitudinal research design collected via MTurk ( n = 209, Mage = 36.97 years, 50% female, 85% American), and we use the eight-dimension Face Mask Perceptions Scale to test mediating mechanisms between personality and behavior. When tested together, conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism did not have notable relations with perceptions or wearing; openness and the Dark Triad had significant relations with face mask perceptions, and agreeableness had significant indirect effects on face mask wearing via perceptions. These results indicate that personality does relate to face mask perceptions and behaviors. We call on future research to conduct facet-level studies of personality with face mask perceptions and behaviors to ascertain the cause of these observed relations, further identify the importance of specific face mask perceptions, and integrate personality into models of health behaviors.
Shortening Rates and Recurrence of Large Earthquakes From Folded and Uplifted Terraces in the Western Danghe Nan Shan Foreland, North Tibet
Authors: Shao Yanxiu , van der Woerd Jerome , Liu‐Zeng Jing , Yuan Daoyang , Yao Yunsheng , Zou Xiaobo , Wang Pengtao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the three‐dimensional structure, segmentation, and kinematics of complex fault systems is essential to assessing the size of potential earthquakes and related seismic hazards. The Danghe Nan Shan thrust, a major splay of the Altyn Tagh fault (ATF) in north Tibet, is one of these complex fault junctions. Near the town of Subei, the western Danghe Nan Shan thrust composes two left‐stepping faults outlined by fault scarps in front of folded and uplifted alluvial fans and terraces. Age constraints and 2D reconstructions of the accumulated slip above a transient base level of four terraces standing 7–60 m above the present stream bed yield shortening and vertical uplift rates of 0.5 ± 0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.3 mm/yr, respectively, over the last 130 ka on the southern thrust. Along the northern thrust, vertical terrace offsets of 1.5–3.6 m and horizontal slip of 4.5 m documented in a paleoseismological trench occurred after 12 ± 4 ka, constraining coeval rates of 0.3 ± 0.1 mm/yr for uplift and shortening. Overall, 1.4 ± 0.4 mm/yr terrace uplift and 0.8 ± 0.2 mm/yr shortening rates are determined, in agreement with late Miocene long‐term exhumation rate estimates. Our fault mapping and geomorphic and structural observations imply that the western Danghe Nan Shan thrust accommodates slip transfer from the ATF to the west to thrusting and shortening farther east in the Qilian Shan region. Considering the scarp sizes, their lateral extent, the geometry of the faults at depth, and their slip‐rate, we suggest the possible occurrence of Mw 7+ earthquakes near Subei.
Single-cell analysis reveals the chemotherapy-induced cellular reprogramming and novel therapeutic targets in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Li Kening , Du Yuxin , Cai Yun , Liu Wenjie , Lv Yan , Huang Bin , Zhang Lishen , Wang Zhi , Liu Ping , Sun Qian , Li Ning , Zhu Mengyan , Bosco Bakwatanisa , Li Liangyu , Wu Wei , Wu Lingxiang , Li Jianyong , Wang Qianghu , Hong Ming , Qian Sixuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChemoresistance and relapse are the leading cause of AML-related deaths. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we dissected the cellular states of bone marrow samples from primary refractory or short-term relapsed AML patients and defined the transcriptional intratumoral heterogeneity. We found that compared to proliferating stem/progenitor-like cells (PSPs), a subpopulation of quiescent stem-like cells (QSCs) were involved in the chemoresistance and poor outcomes of AML. By performing longitudinal scRNA-seq analyses, we demonstrated that PSPs were reprogrammed to obtain a QSC-like expression pattern during chemotherapy in refractory AML patients, characterized by the upregulation of CD52 and LGALS1 expression. Flow cytometric analysis further confirmed that the preexisting CD99+CD49d+CD52+Galectin-1+ (QSCs) cells at diagnosis were associated with chemoresistance, and these cells were further enriched in the residual AML cells of refractory patients. Interaction of CD52-SIGLEC10 between QSCs and monocytes may contribute to immune evading and poor outcomes. Furthermore, we identified that LGALS1 was a promising target for chemoresistant AML, and LGALS1 inhibitor could help eliminate QSCs and enhance the chemotherapy in patient-derived primary AML cells, cell lines, and AML xenograft models. Our results will facilitate a better understanding of the AML chemoresistance mechanism and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for relapsed/refractory AML patients.