bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of the smartphone-based AI cough monitoring app - Hyfe Cough Tracker against solicited respiratory sounds
Authors: Galvosas Mindaugas , Gabaldón-Figueira Juan C. , Keen Eric M. , Orrillo Virginia , Blavia Isabel , Chaccour Juliane , Small Peter M. , Giménez Gerard , Rudd Matthew , Grandjean Lapierre Simon , Chaccour Carlos 
Published: June 2023

Background: Emerging technologies to remotely monitor patients’ cough show promise for various clinical applications. Currently available cough detection systems all represent a trade-off between convenience and performance. The accuracy of such technologies is highly contingent on the clinical settings in which they are intended to be used. Moreover, establishing gold standards to measure this accuracy is challenging. Objectives: We present the first performance evaluation study of the Hyfe Cough Tracker app, a passive cough monitoring smartphone application. We evaluate performance for cough detection using continuous audio recordings obtained within a controlled environment and cough counting by trained individuals as the gold standard. We propose standard procedures to use multi-observer cough sound annotation from continuous audio recordings as the gold standard for evaluating automated cough detection devices. Methods: This study was embedded in a larger digital acoustic surveillance study (clinicaltrial.gov NCT04762693). Forty-nine participants were included and instructed to produce a diverse series of solicited sounds in 10-minute sessions. Simultaneously, continuous audio recording was performed using a MP3 recorder and two smartphones running Hyfe Cough Tracker app monitored and identified cough events. All continuous audio recordings were independently labeled by three medically-trained researchers. Results: Hyfe Cough Tracker app showed sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 98% with a very high correlation between the cough rate measured by Hyfe and that of human annotators (Pearson correlation of 0.968). A standardized approach to establish an acoustic gold standard for identifying cough sounds with multiple observers is presented. Conclusion: This is the first performance evaluation of a new smartphone-based cough monitoring system. Hyfe Cough Tracker can detect, record and count coughs from solicited cough-like explosive sounds in controlled acoustic environments with very high accuracy. Additional steps are required to validate the system in clinical and community settings.
Perceived ease of use on visual learning application for mathematics using holography display for the topic on shape and space
Authors: Shiang Tyng Khoo , Badioze Zaman Halimah , Hanan Mohamad Ummul , Ahmad Azlina 
Published: June 2023

Background: A person's life is built on a solid foundation of mathematics. Common causes of learning difficulties in mathematics include abstract ideas, a lack of imagination, and a lack of comprehension of the concepts being studied. Because 3D shapes are abstract concepts, the aim of this study is to better understand how to recognize them in primary school students. Methods: The development of the Mathematics E-Learning Visual application MEL-VIS(MEL-VIS) application involves the design of the Visual Learning Application Iteration-Evolution Development Model, MEL-VIS (PIEMEL-VIS), the MEL-VIS ID Model, and the MEL-VIS Application Module. The development methodology and ID model are built based on the application of various components such as learning theory, a visualization approach, a play-while-learning approach based on scaffolding techniques, as well as interaction and interface based on various touch technologies using tablet computers. The study's contributions are: (i) an iterative-evolutionary development model of the Visual Learning Application, MEL-VIS (PIEMEL-VIS); (ii) a MEL-VIS ID model; (iii) a MEL-VIS application prototype; and (iv) a usability testing instrument for the ease of use of the MEL-VIS application. Results: The usability testing of the MEL-VIS application was carried out through a case study involving 80 students at a primary school in Putrajaya. A task-based, semi-experimental approach was used to assess the ease-of-use construct. Research instruments such as questionnaires and observation checklists are used in this test. The results of the study found that MEL-VIS has a positive impact on students after using the application. Conclusions: Based on the test conducted, primary school students have given positive feedback to the prototype of the E-Visual MEL-VIS application. Thus, it can be concluded that the prototype of the E-Visual MEL-VIS application as a whole is effective, easy to learn and easy to use for student use for primary school mathematics subjects.
ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT PROBLEMS OF LARGE AND MAJOR CITIES
Authors: Konovalova Tatiana V. , Senin Ivan S. , Nadiryan Sofia L. , Kotenkova Irina N. 
Published: June 2023

In this article, the authors consider the transport problems of the largest and largest cities on the example of Krasnodar. The growth of housing construction in recent years has led to an increase in motorization, which increases the load of the city’s road network. Based on the analysis, we can conclude about the main directions of the development of the transport network of cities and the most anticipated problems.
Purpose: is to analyze the rate of population growth in cities, the growth of motorization and draw conclusions about the main transport problems of the city associated with these factors.
Method or methodology of the work: statistical analysis, synthesis were used in the article.
Results: the main directions of activity for solving transport problems of large and largest cities are determined on the example of Krasnodar, the growth rates of population, population density, growth of motorization are analyzed and conclusions are drawn about the influence of these factors on the functioning of the city’s transport system.
Scope of application of the results: research activity on the development of new approaches in the field of organization of transportation and transport services.
METHOD FOR INCREASING THE UNIFORMITY OF THE GAS-AIR MIXTURE IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION TRANSPORT ENGINES
Authors: Penkin Aleksei L. , Metlyakova Sofya A. 
Published: June 2023

Increasing the uniformity of the gas-air mixture in gas transport engines makes it possible to ensure more complete combustion of fuel, reduce its specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas toxicity. There are known ways to increase uniformity, but there is no generalization of their principles and applicability for various engines. The article analyzes the existing methods and identifies their shortcomings. A method has been developed to increase the uniformity of the gas-air mixture in gas transport engines by controlling the position of the gas fuel jet in the incoming air stream. The dependence for controlling the position of the gas jet in the air flow is described. The results of experiments performed by means of computer modeling with central and distributed gas supply with different gas and air pressures are analyzed. During the experiments, the coefficient of uniformity of the gas-air mixture was determined. Separately, the depth of penetration of the gas fuel jet into the incoming air stream is estimated. Based on the simulation results, the effectiveness of the method was justified.
Purpose. Development of a method for increasing the uniformity of the gas-air mixture in internal combustion transport engines.
Methodology. Modeling of the movement of a methane jet in an air stream by the finite element method was used in the work.
Results. A method for increasing the uniformity of the gas-air mixture using the inlet pressure of the gas as the main variable parameter is formulated and justified.
Practical implications. The obtained results should be used to improve the efficiency and environmental friendliness of gas transport engines.
MANAGEMENT OF THE VAULTING SYSTEM BULK MATERIALS BASED ON A NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Vorobyov Alexander A. , Migrov Alexander A. , Romanova Irina Yu. , Evtyukov Stanislav S. , Moskvichev Oleg V. 
Published: June 2023

Background. This article presents the composition and algorithm of the automated control system for the parameters of a pneumatic arch-breaking system installed on bunkers with bulk materials. The relevance and practical significance of the issue considered in the article is determined by the fact that when unloading bulk material from the hopper, various violations of the technological process may occur, manifested in the formation of material freezes inside the container, a decrease in the amount of unloaded material, segregation, up to a complete stop of unloading due to the formation of arches.
Materials and/or methods. Methods of mathematical modeling, system analysis, comparison, systems theory, as well as architecture and mathematical model of a recurrent neural network with feedback are used.
Results. The composition of input and output parameters of the control system is substantiated. Methods for solving problems of classifying parameter sets are considered and an artificial recurrent neural network with feedback and with a sigmoidal activation function of neurons of the hidden layer and a linear activation function of the output layer is selected.
Conclusion. The article analyzes the requirements for the system of automated control of the parameters of the pneumatic arch-breaking system. Based on the analysis of possible states of the system, the composition of the system elements and the sets of input, intermediate and output parameters of the system, as well as the objective function of the system operation, are substantiated. It is shown that the system can be built on the basis of an artificial neural network. The algorithm of the automated control system for the parameters of the pneumatic arch-breaking system has been developed.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEED TO CLARIFY THE BASIC CONCEPTS AND FORMULAS OF AUTOMOTIVE EXPERTISE
Authors: Karev Boris N. , Volkov Andrey A. 
Published: June 2023

The reliability of the investigation and the conclusions of the examination depends on how accurate and correct the initial information – the facts, circumstances and parameters of the condition of vehicles, road conditions and the driver accepted for consideration – corresponds to the mechanism of the accident. The reasons for this kind of inconsistencies in the information of the real situation may be different: the ambiguity of the verbal description of the environment and the condition of the pavement, the variance of the values of parameters and coefficients relative to their discrete reference value, the dependence of calculated values on numerous factors, measurement errors. In addition, the result depends on the completeness and accuracy of the formulas used, the accuracy of the definition of certain concepts, in particular, the concepts of the delay time of the brake actuation, the time of the deceleration rise, the vehicle’s use, etc.
That is why in the works of many authors devoted to the examination of accidents, it has been repeatedly noted that the information used in the investigation carries elements of uncertainty, which inevitably affects the correctness and reliability of the conclusions of the investigation.
Purpose – is to show the need to clarify the basic concepts and formulas used in production
Methodology of the work: the methods of formalization and specification of formulas used in the investigation of the examination of an accident were used in the work
Results: the examples given in the paper and the theoretical studies carried out show that a significant number of formulas used in automotive research require refinement and refinement.
Practical implications: it is advisable to apply the results obtained when conducting automotive research – investigation and examination of road accidents.
Data Tracking Under Competition
Authors: Bimpikis Kostas , Morgenstern Ilan , Saban Daniela 
Published: June 2023

When Consumers May Benefit from Firms Tracking and Exploiting Their Data In today’s economy, firms routinely collect, track, and leverage consumer data to make decisions. Although the effects of these practices on consumers are complex and context-dependent, one may expect that that consumers would be disadvantaged if their data are used for a purpose that does not create value for them, such as personalized pricing. In “Data Tracking Under Competition,” Bimpikis, Morgenstern, and Saban develop a game-theoretic model to explore how technologies that allow firms to use consumer data for price discrimination affect market outcomes. Perhaps counter to intuition, they find that data-tracking practices may actually increase consumer surplus, even if consumers do not develop privacy concerns associated with disclosing their data and act myopically. However, this only occurs when multiple firms compete for consumers’ purchases. The study highlights the crucial role of competition in determining the benefits that consumers may derive from the data they generate and underscores the importance of considering competition in debates about the economic consequences of data-tracking practices.
Implementation of a novel nursing assessment tool in geriatric trauma patients with proximal femur fractures
Authors: Berk Till , Thalmann Marion , Jensen Kai Oliver , Schwarzenberg Peter , Jukema Gerrolt Nico , Pape Hans-Christoph , Halvachizadeh Sascha 
Published: June 2023

Background
Geriatric trauma patients represent a special challenge in postoperative care and are prone to specific complications. The goal of this study was to analyse the predictive potential of a novel nursing assessment tool, the outcome-oriented nursing assessment for acute care (ePA-AC), in geriatric trauma patients with proximal femur fractures (PFF).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of geriatric trauma patients aged ≥ 70 years with PFF was conducted at a level 1 trauma centre. The ePA-AC is a routinely used tool that evaluates pneumonia; confusion, delirium and dementia (CDD); decubitus (Braden Score); the risk of falls; the Fried Frailty index (FFI); and nutrition. Assessment of the novel tool included analysis of its ability to predict complications including delirium, pneumonia and decubitus.

Results
The novel ePA-AC tool was investigated in 71 geriatric trauma patients. In total, 49 patients (67.7%) developed at least one complication. The most common complication was delirium (n = 22, 44.9%). The group with complications (Group C) had a significantly higher FFI compared with the group without complications (Group NC) (1.7 ± 0.5 vs 1.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.002). Group C had a significantly higher risk score for malnutrition compared with Group NC (6.3 ± 3.4 vs 3.9 ± 2.8, p = 0.004). A higher FFI score increased the risk of developing complications (odds ratio [OR] 9.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0 to 47.7, p = 0.005). A higher CDD score increased the risk of developing delirium (OR 9.3, 95% CI 2.9 to 29.4, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The FFI, CDD, and nutritional assessment tools are associated with the development of complications in geriatric trauma patients with PFF. These tools can support the identification of geriatric patients at risk and might guide individualised treatment strategies and preventive measures.
Impact of end-stage knee osteoarthritis on perceived physical function and quality of life: A descriptive study from Jordan
Authors: Abujaber Sumayeh , Altubasi Ibrahim , Hamdan Mohammad , Al-Zaben Raed 
Published: June 2023

Objective
Of the present study was to evaluate the impact of end-stage knee OA on patient’s perception of their functional abilities and quality of life (QoL) using the self-reported questionnaire; the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and to determine the contribution of knee pain on patient’s perceived outcomes.

Methods
Patients with end-stage knee OA who are on the waiting list for total knee arthroplasty were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Patients were asked to fill out the KOOS questionnaire. Knee pain for both sides was quantified on a continuous scale from 0–10. Age, and anthropometric data were recorded. Descriptive statistics were calculated for patients’ characteristics, and for the scores of each KOOS subscale. Hierarchical linear regression models were created to determine the contributions of knee pain on two KOOS subscales; the function in daily living (KOOS-ADL), and the knee-related quality of life (KOOS-QoL).

Results
Patients in this study scored low across KOOS subscales (27.7% - 54.2%) with the QoL subscale being the lowest. After accounting for age and BMI, hierarchical linear regressions revealed that knee pain in both sides were determinants of self-perceived KOOS-ADLs, while only knee pain in the most-affected side significantly contributed to lower KOOS-QOL scores.

Conclusion
End-stage knee OA negatively impact the patients’ perceived function and quality of life. Patients’ KOOS scores were similar to those reported in other countries, with QoL being the domain most affected. Our findings demonstrate that the level of knee pain has a determinant effect on our patients’ perceptions of functional abilities and QoL. As waiting-list patients, addressing knee pain with a targeted regimen prior to TKA, as well as increasing patient’s awareness about knee pain management, may improve/ or minimize deterioration in perceived functional ability and QoL while awaiting TKA.
Multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from chicken droppings in poultry farms at Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tigabie Mitkie , Biset Sirak , Belachew Teshome , Amare Azanaw , Moges Feleke 
Published: June 2023

Background
The poultry sector is one of the largest and fastest-growing agricultural sub-sector, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. In poultry production, poultry farmers use sub-optimum doses of antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention purpose. This indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farms contributes to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which has adverse implications for public health. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from chicken droppings in poultry farms.

Methods
A total of 87 pooled chicken-dropping samples were collected from poultry farms from March to June 2022. Samples were transported with buffered peptone water. Selenite F broth was used for the enrichment and isolation of Salmonella spp. Isolates were cultured and identified by using MacConkey agar, Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar, and routine biochemical tests. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique and combination disk test were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and confirmation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production, respectively. Data were entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis.

Result
Out of 87 pooled chicken droppings, 143 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were identified. Of these, E. coli accounts for 87 (60.8%), followed by Salmonella spp. 23 (16.1%), P. mirabilis 18 (12.6%) and K. pneumoniae 11 (7.7%). A high resistance rate was observed for ampicillin 131 (91.6%), followed by tetracycline 130 (90.9), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 94 (65.7%). The overall multidrug resistance rate was 116/143 (81.1%; 95% CI: 74.7–87.5). A total of 12/143 (8.4%; CI: 3.9–12.9) isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers, with 11/87 (12.6%) E. coli and 1/11 (9.1%) K. pneumoniae.

Conclusion and recommendations
High prevalence of multi-drug resistant isolates was observed. This study alarms poultry as a potential reservoir of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, which might shed and contaminate the environment through faecal matter. Prudent use of antibiotics should be implemented to manage antibiotic resistance in poultry production.
Pregnancy pesticide exposure and child development in low- and middle-income countries: A prospective analysis of a birth cohort in rural Bangladesh and meta-analysis
Authors: Bliznashka Lilia , Roy Aditi , Christiani David C. , Calafat Antonia M. , Ospina Maria , Diao Nancy , Mazumdar Maitreyi , Jaacks Lindsay M. 
Published: June 2023

Background
Despite considerable evidence on a negative association between pregnancy pesticide exposure and child development in high-income countries, evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. Therefore, we assessed associations between pregnancy pesticide exposure and child development in rural Bangladesh and summarised existing literature in a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
We used data from 284 mother-child pairs participating in a birth cohort established in 2008. Eight urinary pesticide biomarkers were quantified in early pregnancy (mean gestational age 11.6±2.9 weeks) as an index of pesticide exposure. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition were administered at 20–40 months of age. Associations between creatinine-adjusted urinary pesticide biomarker concentrations and child development scores were estimated using multivariable generalised linear models. We searched ten databases up to November 2021 to identify prospective studies on pregnancy pesticide exposure and child development conducted in LMICs. We used a random-effects model to pool similar studies, including our original analysis. The systematic review was pre-registered with PROSPERO: CRD42021292919.

Results
In the Bangladesh cohort, pregnancy 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPY) concentrations were inversely associated with motor development (-0.66 points [95% CI -1.23, -0.09]). Pregnancy 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) concentrations were inversely associated with cognitive development, but the association was small: -0.02 points (-0.04, 0.01). We observed no associations between 4-nitrophenol and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) concentrations and child development. The systematic review included 13 studies from four LMICs. After pooling our results with one other study, we found consistent evidence that pregnancy 3-PBA concentrations were not associated with cognitive, language, or motor development.

Conclusion
Evidence suggests that pregnancy exposure to some organophosphate pesticides is negatively associated with child development. Interventions to reduce in-utero pesticide exposure in LMICs may help protect child development.