bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airborne observations of the surface cloud radiative effect during different seasons over sea ice and open ocean in the Fram Strait
Authors: Becker Sebastian , Ehrlich André , Schäfer Michael , Wendisch Manfred 
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This study analyses the cloud radiative effect (CRE) obtained from near-surface observations of three airborne campaigns in the Arctic north-west of Svalbard: Airborne measurements of radiative and turbulent FLUXes of energy and momentum in the Arctic boundary layer (AFLUX, March/April 2019), Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD, May/June 2017), and Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate – Airborne observations in the Central Arctic (MOSAiC-ACA, August/September 2020). The surface CRE quantifies the potential of clouds to modify the radiative energy budget at the surface and is calculated by combining broadband radiation measurements during low-level flight sections in mostly cloudy conditions with radiative transfer simulations of cloud-free conditions. The significance of surface albedo changes due to the presence of clouds is demonstrated, and this effect is considered in the cloud-free simulations. The observations are discussed with respect to differences of the CRE between sea ice and open-ocean surfaces and between the seasonally different campaigns. The results indicate that the CRE depends on cloud, illumination, surface, and thermodynamic properties. The solar and thermal-infrared (TIR) components of the CRE, CREsol and CRETIR, are analysed separately, as well as combined for the study of the total CRE (CREtot). The
inter-campaign differences of CREsol are dominated by the seasonal cycle of the solar zenith angle, with the strongest cooling effect in summer. The lower surface albedo causes a stronger solar cooling effect over open ocean than over sea ice, which amounts to −259 W m−2 (−108 W m−2) and −65 W m−2 (−17 W m−2), respectively, during summer (spring). Independent of campaign and surface type, CRETIR is only weakly variable and shows values around 75 W m−2. In total, clouds show a negative CREtot over open ocean during all campaigns. In contrast, over sea ice, the positive CREtot suggests a warming effect of clouds at the surface, which neutralizes during mid-summer. Given the seasonal cycle of the sea ice distribution, these results imply that clouds in the Fram Strait region cool the surface during the sea ice minimum in late summer, while they warm the surface during the sea ice maximum in spring.
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Authors: Delgado-Balbuena Josué , Loescher Henry W. , Aguirre-Gutiérrez Carlos A. , Alfaro-Reyna Teresa , Pineda-Martínez Luis F. , Vargas Rodrigo , Arredondo Tulio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Infrequent and small precipitation (PPT) events characterize PPT patterns in semiarid grasslands; however, plants and soil microorganisms are
adapted to use the unpredictable small pulses of water. Several studies have shown short-term responses of carbon and nitrogen mineralization rates
(called the “priming effect” or the Birch effect) stimulated by wet–dry cycles; however, dynamics, drivers, and the contribution of the priming
effect to the annual C balance are poorly understood. Thus, we analyzed 6 years of continuous net ecosystem exchange measurements to
evaluate the effect of the PPT periodicity and magnitude of individual PPT events on the daily/annual net ecosystem C exchange (NEE) in a semiarid
grassland. We included the period between PPT events, previous daytime NEE rate, and previous soil moisture content as the main drivers of the
priming effect. Ecosystem respiration (ER) responded within a few hours following a PPT event, whereas it took 5–9 d for gross ecosystem exchange (GEE; where −NEE = GEE + ER) to respond. Precipitation events as low as 0.25 mm
increased ER, but cumulative PPT > 40 mm infiltrating deep into the soil profile stimulated GEE. Overall, ER fluxes following PPT events
were related to the change in soil water content at shallow depth and previous soil conditions (e.g., previous NEE rate, previous soil water
content) and the size of the stimulus (e.g., PPT event size). Carbon effluxes from the priming effect accounted for less than 5 % of ecosystem
respiration but were significantly high with respect to the carbon balance. In the long term, changes in PPT regimes to more intense and less frequent
PPT events, as expected due to the effects of climate change, could convert the semiarid grassland from a small C sink to a C source.
Towards a conceptualization of the hydrological processes behind changes of young water fraction with elevation: a focus on mountainous alpine catchments
Authors: Gentile Alessio , Canone Davide , Ceperley Natalie , Gisolo Davide , Previati Maurizio , Zuecco Giulia , Schaefli Bettina , Ferraris Stefano 
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The young water fraction (Fyw*), defined as the fraction of catchment outflow with transit times of less than 2–3 months, is increasingly used in hydrological studies that exploit the potential of
isotope tracers. The use of this new metric in catchment intercomparison
studies is helpful to understand and conceptualize the relevant processes
controlling catchment functioning. Previous studies have shown surprising
evidence that mountainous catchments worldwide yield low Fyw*. These low values have been partially explained by isolated hydrological processes, including deep vertical infiltration and long groundwater flow paths. However, a thorough framework illustrating the relevant mechanisms leading to a low Fyw* in mountainous catchments is missing. The main aim of this paper is to give an overview of what drives Fyw* variations according to elevation, thus clarifying why it generally decreases at high elevation. For this purpose, we assembled a data set of 27 study catchments, located in both Switzerland and Italy, for which we calculateFyw*. We assume that this decrease can be explained by the groundwater storage potential, quantified by the areal extent of Quaternary deposits over a catchment (Fqd), and the low-flow duration (LFD) throughout the period of isotope sampling (PoS). In snow-dominated systems, LFD is strictly related to the snowpack persistence, quantified through the mean fractional snow cover area (FSCA). The drivers are related to the catchment storage contribution to the stream that we quantify by applying a cutting-edge baseflow separation method to the discharge time series of the study sites and by estimating the mean baseflow fraction (Fbf) over the PoS. Our results suggest that Quaternary deposits could play a role in modulating
Fyw* elevation gradients via their capacity to store groundwater, but subsequent confirmation with further, more detailed geological information is necessary. LFD indicates the proportion of PoS in which the stream is sustained and dominated by stored water coming from the catchment storage. Accordingly, our results reveal that the increase of LFD at high elevations, to a large extent driven by the persistence of winter snowpacks and the simultaneous lack of a liquid water input to the catchments, results in lower Fyw*. In our data set, Fbf reveals a strong complementarity with Fyw*, suggesting that the latter could be estimated as Fyw*≃1-Fbf for catchments without stable water isotope measurements. As a conclusion, we develop a perceptual model that integrates all the results of our analysis into a framework for how hydrological processes
control Fyw* according to elevation. This lays the foundations for an improvement of the theory-driven models.
Legal status of non-fungible tokens (NFT): current state and prospects of legal regulation
Authors: Makarov V. O. 
Published: June 2023

The subject. The paper considers the legal status of non-fungible tokens – a technology that allows to secure and confirm the possession of a certificate that refers to a specific digital object, based on a distributed ledger (blockchain).The purposeof the article is to research the current state of the legal status of NFTs in the Russian Federation, as well as to determine the applicability of the current Russian legislation to NFTs.The research methodologyis based on the application of methods of systemic and structural analysis, formal logic, as well as methods of legal forecasting and interpretation of legal norms.The results.There is a lack of comprehensive studies on this issue in legal science. The value of NFT is substantiated through the categories of "rivalrousness" and "scarcity". The process of creating NFT - "mint", that is, the tokenization of a digital object, is described. The legal status of NFT is investigated, as a result of which it is concluded that the token is not equivalent to a digital object, but rather acts as a custodian of information about this object.Taking into account, firstly, the independent nature of the NFT, which is not only a digital copy of the original work, secondly, the vast scope of utilitarian application and, thirdly, its independent commercial value, it is indicated that in the perspective of the development of legislation and judicial practice, NFT should be regarded as an independent digital asset, the rights to which are subject to legal protection.Conclusions.At present, Russian legislation does not contain a legal structure suitable for NFTs. The problems of using NFT are highlighted, including the "tokenization" of other people's works, interference in the operation of trading platforms using technical vulnerabilities, as well as fraud. Since NFT can confirm not only the right of ownership, but also represent any subjective right, it is assumed that this technology can be used to maintain decentralized blockchain registries of real estate, shares, members of the society, vote in elections, as well as to verify identity, while simultaneously ensuring the protection of personal data.
AN STUDY OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHANNELS IN DIGITAL MARKETING
Authors: R JAYASHREE et al.  
Published: June 2023

The world is shifting from analog to digital and marketing is no exception. As technology development is increasing, the use of digital marketing, social media marketing, search engine marketing is also increasing. Internet users are increasing rapidly and digital marketing has profited the most because it mainly depends on the internet. Consumer's buying behavior is changing and they are more inclined towards digital marketing rather than traditional marketing. The purpose of this project is to study the impact of digital marketing and how important it is for both consumers and marketers. This project begins with an introduction of digital marketing and then it highlights the mediums of digital marketing, the difference between traditional and digital marketing, and the pros, cons, and importance of digital marketing in today's era.
The researcher used the descriptive research design and adopted the convenience sampling method. The sample size is taken as 100 and analysis was done based on the data collected from the questionnaire. The tools used for analyzing the data are Percentage analysis, ANOVA analysis, chi-square, Correlation Analysis and Friedman Analysis.
“Becoming-Animal”: Cosplay as Sorcery through Deleuze and Guattari’s Tenth Plateau
Authors: Mountfort Paul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cosplay is commonly understood to involve cosplayers donning the accoutrements of popular media entities in a complexly mediated type of “performance.” This article asks to what extent Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s “becoming-animal” from the tenth plateau of A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1980) can mobilize other understandings of these moments—in particular, their becoming that transcends mimesis, resemblance, or representation. Such “sorcery” is a “molecular” becoming based on alliance with a “demonic” character, one’s passing “by contagion” into becoming with an animal pack, a second alliance with a new human group, effecting a further and dynamic contagion of the human and animal. Maintaining such becoming requires a micropolitical struggle that differs from the identarian one in its capacity for offering schizoanalytic realizations of desire. Does, or can, cosplay effectuate such becoming, in which the human becomes “animal” and the animal becomes human, producing irreducible dynamisms, lines of flight?
Roles of Imitation Seifuku School Uniforms in Japan: A Case Study of Students at Uniform-Free Schools and the Iconic J-pop Performers of AKB48
Authors: Kimura Tets 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In Japan school uniforms have been used for role-playing by those other than cosplayers. In order to understand this social discourse, this article examines the chronological development of Japanese school uniforms and then discusses how and why imitation school uniforms have been adopted and adapted by students at uniform-free schools as well as by female J-pop performers. The article argues that school uniforms are sentimentally valuable in Japan as they represent narratives of youth before entering a tough and restricted adult life. School uniforms symbolize freedom and a future full of possibilities, growth, and hope. In this regard, the uniform-like costumes are attractive to both the youth who wear them, such as the students and popstars, and to the grown-ups, such as fans of pop stars, as the costumes remind them that life was once good in the “good old days.”
Bazı Tarım Ürünlerinin “Emanet” Adıyla Satılması ve Bunun İsticrâr Akdi ile İlişkisi
Authors: AKKUŞ Mehmet , YERLİKAYA Ünal 
Published: June 2023

Satım akdinde oluşan fiyat belirsizliği güncel bazı meselelerde karşımıza çıkan önemli hususlardandır. Fiyat belirsizliği içeren bir alışveriş akdini yapmaya insanları sevk eden pek çok faktör sayılabilir. Şüphesiz paranın alım gücünün zayıflamasına bağlı olarak malın veya alacağın değerini koruma amacı da bulunmaktadır.
Enflasyonun yüksek olduğu dönemlerde, vadeli alışverişleri malın fiyatını belirlemeden yapmak durumunda kalınmaktadır. Ödeme gününe kadar, çoğu zaman malın değerinin ne kadar olacağı kestirilememekte ve bu da vade farkı eklemek suretiyle oluşacak değer kaybının malın fiyatına yansıtılmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu sebeple mal, değeriyle değil cins, isim, miktar vb. ile kaydedilmektedir.
Piyasa değeri üzerinden olması kaydıyla isticrâr akdi uygulamalarına cevaz verildiği bilinmektedir. Zira ticari hayatın devamlılığı gibi bir ihtiyaç söz konusudur. Özellikle fındık, çay, buğday, arpa, üzüm gibi zirai ürünlerde “emanete bırakma” adıyla yapılan ticari uygulamalarda, ürün her ne kadar ‘emanet’ diye teslim edilse de söz konusu işlem satım akdi olarak yapılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede işlemin, emanet ve karz akdi olarak kabul edilmesi doğru bulunmamıştır. Ancak fiyatı belirlenmeden satın alınan malın bedeli tarafların karşılıklı rızası ile ödeme günündeki rayiç fiyat üzerinden yapılabilir.
Kazakhstan on the way to the criminal liability of legal entities
Authors: Федоров А.В. 
Published: June 2023

Статья посвящена рассмотрению вопросов развития казахского уголовного законодательства об ответственности юридических лиц. Анализируются научные исследования в Республике Казахстан по вопросу уголовной ответственности юридических лиц и имевшие место в этой республике законодательные предложения об установлении такой ответственности. Рассматриваются вопросы становления и развития казахского уголовного права; выделяются, начиная с момента провозглашения Казахстаном независимости в 1991 г., в уголовной науке Казахстана и казахском законотворчестве три периода научной дискуссии и подготовки законодательных инициатив об уголовной ответственности юридических лиц. Дается краткая характеристика каждому из этих периодов. Обращается внимание на взаимосвязи рассмотрения вопросов о введении такой ответственности в Российской Федерации и в Республике Казахстан. Проводится сравнение имеющейся в Казахстане административной ответственности юридических лиц и предлагаемых вариантов установления уголовной ответственности юридических лиц; излагаются доводы за и против установления такой ответственности. Отмечается новация казахского законодательства об установлении разных по размеру наказаний для трех категорий юридических лиц – субъектов малого, среднего и крупного предпринимательства. Отмечается особая роль У.С. Джекебаева в разработке проблемы уголовной ответственности юридических лиц. Оцениваются перспективы принятия в Казахстане законодательства об уголовной ответственности юридических лиц.
The article is devoted to the development of the Kazakh criminal legislation on the liability of legal entities. The author analyses the scientific research in the Republic of Kazakhstan on the issue of criminal liability of legal entities and legislative proposals that took place in this republic on establishing such liability. The article deals with the formation and development of Kazakh criminal law; three periods of scientific discussion and legislative initiatives concerning the criminal liability of legal entities in Kazakh criminal science and Kazakh law-making from the moment Kazakhstan proclaimed its independence in 1991 are distinguished. A brief description of each of these periods is given. Attention is drawn to the interrelationship of consideration of issues on the introduction of such liability in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The available administrative liability of legal entities in Kazakhstan is compared with the proposed options of establishing criminal liability of legal entities; arguments for and against the introduction of such liability are given. The novelty of the Kazakh legislation on the establishment of different sized penalties for three categories of legal entities - small, medium and large businesses is noted. The special role of U. S. Dzhekebayev in the development of the problem of criminal liability of legal entities is noted. The prospects for adoption of legislation on the criminal liability of legal entities in Kazakhstan are assessed.
On the peculiarities of the processes of formation of deliberately false identifications of witnesses and victims of detection and investigation of violations in special conditions
Authors: Озеров И.Н. , Журбенко А.М. 
Published: June 2023

В статье рассмотрены этапы формирования дачи ложных показаний свидетелями и потерпевшими при раскрытии и расследовании преступлений в особых условиях. Представлена дача ложных показаний в криминалистическом аспекте с выделенными этапами: подготовительным и собственно процессом передачи заведомо ложных сведений. Проявление данных случаев в особых условиях, в которых оперативному сотруднику или следователю иногда необходимо выполнять служебные обязанности, осложняет процесс раскрытия и расследования преступлений. Отмечено, что дача заведомо ложных показаний может быть обусловлена боязнью лицом мести со стороны противоборствующей стороны в период действия специальной военной операции.
The article considers the stages of formation of false testimony by witnesses and victims in the detection and investigation of crimes in special conditions. The article presents the giving of false testimony in the forensic aspect with the highlighted stages: preparatory and the process of transmitting deliberately false information, respectively. This circumstance acquires special significance in special conditions. At the same time special conditions imply those conditions in which an operative or investigator needs to perform official duties, and they should be covered by the introduction of a special legal regime. The giving of deliberately false testimony may be due to a person's fear of revenge from the opposing side during the period of a special military operation.
Deformation Responses of Extruded Zinc Alloy
Authors: Farayola Olanrewaju , Oyekeye Manasseh O. , Ochulor Ezenwanyi Fidelia , Gbenebor Oluwashina Philips , Odili Cletus Chiosa , Olaleye Samuel Adebayo , Adeosun Bio-Sketch Samson Oluropo 
Published: June 2023

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a technique used to obtain ultrafine grains (UFGs). However, this technology is expensive and time consuming. In this study, conventional deformation technique is used to study the deformation responses of extruded zinc alloy for fine grain development with varying die entry angles. Zinc alloy samples were cast into cylindrical billets in sand mould, the samples were machined and tapered at the edges to allow for easy entry into the die for the extrusion process. The die and tools materials were made from mild steel with the die entry angles of 15o, 30o, 45o, 60o, 75o and 90o respectively. Prior to extrusion, the samples were annealed at 400°C because of its hexagonal close packed (HCP) structure for ease of deformation. After annealing, the plastic deformation of alloy samples occurred at 350°C as the deformation was not feasible at ambient temperature (32°C). The extrusion was done with the aid of a hydraulic press machine that applies pressure on a cylindrical punch and forces the billet through the extrusion die. Extruded zinc recorded the highest extrusion stress of 192MPa at 45° die entry angle with fine grains neatly distributed in the matrix and at 60° die entry angle, the tensile strength and hardness are 177MPa and 95HV respectively with improved ductility. The microstructure of Zn alloy showed equally distributed dendrite-like second phase intermetallic in the matrix.
Otomobil Servisinin Araç Parkına Bağlı Kapasite, Personel Ve Hizmet Alanı Planlaması Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KANER Billur 
Published: June 2023

Günümüzde, otomotiv sektöründe rekabetin artması araç satış karını düşürmektedir. Ancak trafikte artan araç sayısı, satış sonrası hizmet gelirinin büyümesine ve kar oranının artmasına neden olmaktadır. Tüketicilerin markayı satın alma kararında, satış sonrası hizmetlerin önemli bir etken olduğu da belirlenmiştir. Başlıca bu nedenlerle, otomotiv sektöründe satış sonrasının ticari önemi artmıştır. Otomobil kullanıcılarının markaya bağlılıklarında satış sonrası hizmetlerin etkileri, birçok yazılı kaynakta incelenmiştir.
Bir servisin yatırım planı hazırlanırken markaya ait araç parkı, kapasite, personel sayısı ve hizmet alan planlaması gibi başlıklar, servisin kar ve verimliliğinde önceliklidir. Günümüzde birçok firma, servise günlük araç giriş sayısını belli aralıklarda gruplayarak servisteki personel ve alan dağılımı ortalama değerlerini tahmini belirlemekte ve yatırım planlamasını yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise, servisin kapasite gereksinimi, asgari personel sayısı ve temel hizmet alan ihtiyacının ilk belirlemesini analitik bir hesaplama modeliyle yapmaktır. Microsoft office excel programı yardımıyla da bir yazılım hazırlanmıştır. Servis kapasitesini planlama, çıktıların değerlendirilmesi ve karşılaştırılmasında, karar verme aşamasında yazılım kolaylık sağlamaktadır.
Çalışmada, araç giriş sayısına ve üretkenliğe bağlı olarak gerekli personel sayısı hesaplanmakta, atölyelere ve ofislere dağılımı yapılmaktadır. İş alan gereksinimleri de adet olarak belirlenip daha sonra metrekare olarak hesaplanmaktadır. Atölye iş alanları, diğer gerekli kapalı ve açık temel hizmet iş alanları dağılımı sayısal verilmektedir. Ayrıca hesaplama modeline örnek olarak, 2018 yılında İzmir Bölgesinde hizmet vermeye başlayan günlük 52 adet araç giriş kapasiteli bir Citroen servisi yatırım planlaması sunulmuştur. Servisin dönemsel faaliyet raporlarındaki reel verilerden hedeflere ulaşıldığı ve iş akışında aksama olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Analitik hesaplamalar, farklı markalara ait servislerde işletmenin fiziksel yapısı, finansal işleyişi, alan kullanımı, personel çalışma performanslarından ve akademik kaynaklardan elde edilen bulguların yıllar içinde optimize edilmesine dayanmaktadır. Mevcut servislerin iyileştirme sürecinde ve girişimcilerin servis kurma taleplerine, ilk ihtiyaçların belirlenmesinde bir öngörü kazandırarak sektöre katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışma, bilimsel literatürde kısıtlı kaynakların olduğu bir alana hitap etmektedir. Süreç içinde farklı yönlerden genişletilebilir.