bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and quantitative chemical characterization of spray‐dried extracts and the development of an innovative oral solid formulation from Lippia alba
Authors: de Almeida Maiara Prates , Silva Lorena Alves de Oliveira , Zimmermann Lara Almida , Bernardes Lilian Sibelle Campos , da Silva Marcelo Aparecido , da Silva Geraldo Alves , Amaral Juliano Geraldo , Gomes Angélica Ferraz , Leite Mateus Freire 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA novel tablet formulation using Lippia alba was developed with spray‐dried extract leaf to obtain a product with anxiolytic properties. This work describes in silico study, extracting chemical qualitative and quantitative profiles, and the development and formulation of chemical‐physical characterization. A comprehensive understanding of L. alba oral dosage form components was obtained using a method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer for the separation and characterization of L. alba tablets. Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis and Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking allowed the identification of 36 compounds in the spray‐dried extract including flavonoids, iridoids, and phenylpropanoids glycosides. To determine biological markers, in silico analyzes were carried out with 15 compounds previously identified in this species. Acteoside was suggested as a biological marker, and the results of the Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances pointed to a possible anxiolytic action. A quantitative method by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection for Acteoside was also validated. The extract and formulation showed excellent flow characteristics, which favored the development of the formulation by direct compression. The tablets obtained were met for the quality control tests. Associating chemical strategies and technological development the novel tablet formulation could be used as a treatment for anxiolytic disorders.
Characteristics, properties, and analytical and bio‐analytical methods of enzalutamide: A review
Authors: Bondigalla Ramachandra , Challa Gangu Naidu , Yarraguntla Srinivasa Rao , Bandu Raju , Alla Subba Reddy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEnzalutamide is a potent second‐generation androgen receptor inhibitor that is used to treat metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. It was developed by Medivation and Astellas and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2012 under the brand name Xtandi. Enzalutamide has three major anticancer mechanisms, it inhibits the binding of androgens to the ligand‐binding domain of androgen receptors; inhibits nuclear translocation of androgen receptors; inhibits binding of androgen receptors to deoxyribonucleic acid. It demonstrates reduced expression of androgen receptor‐dependent genes, decreased prostate cancer cell proliferation, and induction of cancer cell death and tumor regression. As a result, patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer have a higher chance of survival. Enzalutamide is very important in anticancer therapy, hence, it's necessary to compile all the analytical and bio‐analytical methods to monitor the bioequivalence, bioavailability, and therapeutic monitoring of a drug substance during the course of patient follow‐ups. Thus, this study presents a comprehensive review of the literature on characteristics, properties, and analytical and bio‐analytical methods in various matrices, including formulations, biological fluids, and drug delivery systems.
Effect of ECC layer thickness and reinforcement ratio on the load carrying capacity of steel‐reinforced composite beams
Authors: Arulanandam Preethy Mary , Kanakubo Toshiyuki , Singh S. B. , Sivasubramanian Madappa V. R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study investigates the effect of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) layer thickness against various reinforcement ratios on the flexural performance of reinforced ECC–concrete composite beams. In total, 20 reinforced composite beams are selected from the literature to predict their flexural response using Finite Element (FE) analysis. In addition to the FE analyses, a detailed analytical study is performed using the strain compatibility procedure to predict the flexural strength of ECC–concrete composite beams. The results from the FE analyses are compared against the experimental results and are found to show a close agreement. Using the validated FE models, detailed parametric studies are conducted to determine the effectiveness of different design parameters such as (a) ECC height replacement for a reinforcement ratio, (b) reinforcement ratio for an ECC height replacement, and (c) adequate reinforcement ratio for effective strengthening. The results of the parametric study show that the use of 0.4 ECC height replacement ratio and 1.70% steel reinforcement ratio exhibit better load‐carrying capacity in ECC–concrete composite beams. The effective tensile reinforcement ratio for the ECC–concrete composite beams from minimum to maximum varies in the range of 0.92%–1.85%, respectively. The moment capacities predicted from the section analysis is in good agreement with the experimental and numerical moment capacities.
Effect of terminal heat stress on osmolyte accumulation and gene expression during grain filling in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Sihag Pooja , Kumar Upendra , Sagwal Vijeta , Kapoor Prexha , Singh Yogita , Mehla Sheetal , Balyan Priyanka , Mir Reazul Rouf , Varshney Rajeev K. , Singh Krishna Pal , Dhankher Om Parkash 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe grain‐filling stage in Triticum aestivum (wheat) is highly vulnerable to increasing temperature as terminal heat stress diminishes grain quality and yield. To examine the mechanism of terminal heat tolerance, we performed the biochemical and gene expression analyses using two heat‐tolerant (WH730 and WH1218) and two heat‐sensitive (WH711 and WH157) wheat genotypes. We observed a significant increase in total soluble sugar (25%–47%), proline (7%–15%), and glycine betaine (GB) (22%–34%) contents in flag leaf, whereas a decrease in grain‐filling duration, 1000‐kernel weight (8%–25%), and grain yield per plant (11%–23%) was observed under the late‐sown compared to the timely sown. The maximum content of osmolytes, including total soluble sugar, proline, and GB, was observed in heat‐tolerant genotypes compared to heat‐sensitive genotypes. The expression of 10 heat‐responsive genes associated with heat shock proteins (sHsp‐1, Hsp17, and HsfA4), flavonoid biosynthesis (F3′‐1 and PAL), β‐glucan synthesis (CslF6 and CslH), and xyloglucan metabolism (XTH1, XTH2, and XTH5) was studied in flag leaf exposed to different heat treatments (34, 36, 38, and 40°C) at 15 days after anthesis by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A significant increase in the relative fold expression of these genes with increasing temperature indicated their involvement in providing heat‐stress tolerance. The high differential expression of most of the genes in heat‐tolerant genotype “WH730” followed by “WH1218” indicates the high adaptability of these genotypes to heat stress compared to heat‐sensitive wheat genotypes. Based on the previous results, “WH730” performed better in terms of maximum osmolyte accumulation, grain yield, and gene expression under heat stress.
X‐ray computed microtomography time‐dependent analysis of sandwich bread in different storage conditions
Authors: de Lima João Carlos R. , de Araújo Olga M. O. , de Sá Silva Aline S. , Bastos Luan F. , Machado Alessandra S. , Oliveira Davi F. , Lopes Ricardo T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBread is one of the oldest foods of mankind, and among them, the sandwich bread is worldwide known and used. In this study we used the non‐destructive computed microtomography technique (microCT) to evaluate the behavior of bread structure over weeks after the production. In addition, the influence of the storage location of the sandwich bread, we performed a comparative analysis between storage at ambient temperature and refrigerated conditions. The analysis of the reconstructed images shows that the bread suffers loss of structure over the weeks. We also have found that keeping the bread refrigerated loses liquid, drying the bread, and thus increasing the loss of its structure. In addition, the porous structure of the bread was evaluated, and a complete characterization of the microstructural changes was performed over time.
Construction of the advanced flavin mononucleotide producers in the flavinogenic yeast Candida famata
Authors: Fedorovych Dariya V. , Tsyrulnyk Andriy O. , Ruchala Justyna , Sobchuk Svitlana M. , Dmytruk Kostyantyn V. , Fayura Lyubov R. , Sibirny Andriy A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFlavin mononucleotide (FMN, riboflavin‐5′‐phosphate) is flavin coenzyme synthesized in all living organisms from riboflavin (vitamin B2) after phosphorylation in the reaction catalyzed by riboflavin kinase. FMN has several applications mostly as yellow colorant in food industry due to 200 times better water solubility as compared to riboflavin. Currently, FMN is produced by chemical phosphorylation of riboflavin, however, final product contains up to 25% of flavin impurities. Microbial overproducers of FMN are known, however, they accumulate this coenzyme in glucose medium. Current work shows that the recombinant strains of the flavinogenic yeast Candida famata with overexpressed FMN1 gene coding for riboflavin kinase in the recently isolated by us advanced riboflavin producers due to overexpression of the structural and regulatory genes of riboflavin synthesis and of the putative exporter of riboflavin from the cell, synthesized elevated amounts of FMN in the media not only with glucose but also in lactose and cheese whey. Activation of FMN accumulation on lactose and cheese whey was especially strong in the strains which expressed the gene of transcription activator SEF1 under control of the lactose‐induced LAC4 promoter. The accumulation of this coenzyme by the washed cells of the best recombinant strain achieved 540 mg/L in the cheese whey supplemented only with ammonium sulfate during 48 h in shake flask experiments.
No invariant perfect qubit codes
Authors: Mansuroglu Refik , Sahlmann Hanno 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Perfect tensors describe highly entangled quantum states that have attracted particular attention in the fields of quantum information theory and quantum gravity. In loop quantum gravity, the natural question arises whether SU(2) invariant tensors, which are fundamental ingredients of the basis states of spacetime, can also be perfect. In this work, we present a number of general constraints for the layout of such invariant perfect tensors (IPTs) and further describe a systematic and constructive approach to check the existence of an IPT of given valence. We apply our algorithm to show that no qubit encoding of valence 6 can be described by an IPT and close a gap to prove a no-go theorem for invariant perfect qubit encodings. We also provide two alternative proofs for the non-existence of 4-valent qubit IPTs which has been shown in [1, 2].
The two-loop eight-point amplitude in ABJM theory
Authors: He Song , Huang Yu-tin , Kuo Chia-Kai , Li Zhenjie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present the two-loop correction to scattering amplitudes in three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 Chern-Simons matter theory. We use the eight-point case as our main example, but the method generalizes to all multiplicities. The integrand is completely fixed by dual conformal symmetry, maximal cuts, constraints from soft-collinear behavior, and from the vanishing of odd-multiplicity amplitudes. After performing integrations with Higgs regularizations, the integrated results demonstrate that the infrared divergence is again identical to that of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills. After subtracting divergences, the finite part is dual conformal invariant, and respects various symmetries; it has uniform transcendentality weight two and exhibits a nice analytic structure.
Delicate windows into evaporating black holes
Authors: Craps Ben , Hernandez Juan , Khramtsov Mikhail , Knysh Maria 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We revisit the model of an AdS2 black hole in JT gravity evaporating into an external bath. We study when, and how much, information about the black hole interior can be accessed through different portions of the Hawking radiation collected in the bath, and we obtain the corresponding full quantitative Page curves. As a refinement of previous results, we describe the island phase transition for a semi-infinite segment of radiation in the bath, establishing access to the interior for times within the regime of applicability of the model. For finite-size segments in the bath, one needs to include the purifier of the black hole microscopic dual together with the radiation segment in order to access the interior information. We identify four scenarios of the entropy evolution in this case, including a possibility where the interior reconstruction window is temporarily interrupted. Analyzing the phase structure of the Page curve of a finite segment with length comparable to the Page time, we demonstrate that it is very sensitive to changes of the parameters of the model. We also discuss the evolution of the subregion complexity of the radiation during the black hole evaporation.
Noise-induced periodicity in a frustrated network of interacting diffusions
Authors: Marini Elisa , Andreis Luisa , Collet Francesca , Formentin Marco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigate the emergence of a collective periodic behavior in a frustrated network of interacting diffusions. Particles are divided into two communities depending on their mutual couplings. On the one hand, both intra-population interactions are positive; each particle wants to conform to the average position of the particles in its own community. On the other hand, inter-population interactions have different signs: the particles of one population want to conform to the average position of the particles of the other community, while the particles in the latter want to do the opposite. We show that this system features the phenomenon of noise-induced periodicity: in the infinite volume limit, in a certain range of interaction strengths, although the system has no periodic behavior in the zero-noise limit, a moderate amount of noise may generate an attractive periodic law.
Zukunftstrends und Einsatzmöglichkeiten digitaler Technologien in der settingbezogenen Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung – eine Delphi-Befragung
Authors: Stark Anna Lea , Albrecht Joanna , Dongas Eleana , Choroschun Katharina , Dockweiler Christoph 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Digitale Technologien zeigen ein hohes Nutzenpotenzial für die Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention, eine Analyse entlang der Planungs‑, Umsetzungs- und Evaluationsphasen von settingbasierter Gesundheitsförderung erfolgte bisher nicht. Auch ist noch unklar, inwiefern digitale Technologien Partizipation, Partnerschaften, Empowerment und Gerechtigkeit in Settings fördern.

Ziel
Die vorliegende Studie zielt auf die Erschließung künftiger Trends und Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Technologien entlang der Phasen settingbasierter Gesundheitsförderung in den nächsten 5 Jahren. Weiter wird der Technologieeinsatz zur Schaffung von Partizipation, Partnerschaften, Empowerment und Gerechtigkeit in Settings diskutiert und Unterschiede in Prognosen zwischen Expert*innen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis werden aufgezeigt.

Methode
Es erfolgte eine 2‑stufige webbasierte Delphi-Befragung von Expert*innen der settingbezogenen Gesundheitsförderung/Prävention. Offene Fragen wurden inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet, geschlossene Fragen quantitativ.

Ergebnisse
Die digitale Transformation wird laut Expert*innen (N = 42, vollständige Teilnahme erste Befragungsrunde) in den nächsten 5 Jahren zunehmend Einzug in die verschiedenen Prozessphasen halten. Insbesondere Technologien zur Verhaltensänderung in Hybridformaten werden erwartet. Der Technologieeinsatz kann künftig einerseits zu mehr Partizipation, Partnerschaften, Empowerment und Gerechtigkeit in Settings führen, andererseits aber auch Exklusion und Ungerechtigkeit verstärken, wenn keine geeigneten Rahmenbedingungen vorliegen.

Diskussion
Es bedarf der Forschung zu verhältnispräventiven Technologien. Der Ausbau digitaler Kompetenzen und Infrastrukturen in Settings ist nötig, damit die Entwicklung gesundheitsfördernder Settings digital unterstützt werden kann.
Human–machine coordination in mixed traffic as a problem of Meaningful Human Control
Authors: Mecacci Giulio , Calvert Simeon C. , Santoni de Sio Filippo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe urban traffic environment is characterized by the presence of a highly differentiated pool of users, including vulnerable ones. This makes vehicle automation particularly difficult to implement, as a safe coordination among those users is hard to achieve in such an open scenario. Different strategies have been proposed to address these coordination issues, but all of them have been found to be costly for they negatively affect a range of human values (e.g. safety, democracy, accountability…). In this paper, we claim that the negative value impacts entailed by each of these strategies can be interpreted as lack of what we call Meaningful Human Control over different parts of a sociotechnical system. We argue that Meaningful Human Control theory provides the conceptual tools to reduce those unwanted consequences, and show how “designing for meaningful human control” constitutes a valid strategy to address coordination issues. Furthermore, we showcase a possible application of this framework in a highly dynamic urban scenario, aiming to safeguard important values such as safety, democracy, individual autonomy, and accountability. Our meaningful human control framework offers a perspective on coordination issues that allows to keep human actors in control while minimizing the active, operational role of the drivers. This approach makes ultimately possible to promote a safe and responsible transition to full automation.
Case Studies in the Assessment of Microbial Fitness: Seemingly Subtle Changes Can Have Major Effects on Phenotypic Outcomes
Authors: Worthan Sarah B. , McCarthy Robert D. P. , Behringer Megan G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFollowing the completion of an adaptive evolution experiment, fitness evaluations are routinely conducted to assess the magnitude of adaptation. In doing so, proper consideration should be given when determining the appropriate methods as trade-offs may exist between accuracy and throughput. Here, we present three instances in which small changes in the framework or execution of fitness evaluations significantly impacted the outcomes. The first case illustrates that discrepancies in fitness conclusions can arise depending on the approach to evaluating fitness, the culture vessel used, and the sampling method. The second case reveals that variations in environmental conditions can occur associated with culture vessel material. Specifically, these subtle changes can greatly affect microbial physiology leading to changes in the culture pH and distorting fitness measurements. Finally, the last case reports that heterogeneity in CFU formation time can result in inaccurate fitness conclusions. Based on each case, considerations and recommendations are presented for future adaptive evolution experiments.
Loss of Heterozygosity and Its Importance in Evolution
Authors: Smukowski Heil Caiti 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a mitotic recombination event that converts heterozygous loci to homozygous loci. This mutation event is widespread in organisms that have asexual reproduction like budding yeasts, and is also an important and frequent mutation event in tumorigenesis. Mutation accumulation studies have demonstrated that LOH occurs at a rate higher than the point mutation rate, and can impact large portions of the genome. Laboratory evolution experiments of heterozygous yeasts have revealed that LOH often unmasks beneficial recessive alleles that can confer large fitness advantages. Here, I highlight advances in understanding dominance, fitness, and phenotypes in laboratory evolved heterozygous yeast strains. I discuss best practices for detecting LOH in intraspecific and interspecific evolved clones and populations. Utilizing heterozygous strain backgrounds in laboratory evolution experiments offers an opportunity to advance our understanding of this important mutation type in shaping adaptation and genome evolution in wild, domesticated, and clinical populations.
Role of T cells in severe COVID-19 disease, protection, and long term immunity
Authors: Hermens Julia Maret , Kesmir Can 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInfection with SARS-CoV-2 causes wide range of disease severities from asymptomatic to life-threatening disease. Understanding the contribution of immunological traits in immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and in protection against severe COVID-19 could result in effective measures to prevent development of severe disease. While the role of cytokines and antibodies has been thoroughly studied, this is not the case for T cells. In this review, the association between T cells and COVID-19 disease severity and protection upon reexposure is discussed. While infiltration of overactivated cytotoxic T cells might be harmful in the infected tissue, fast responding T cells are important in the protection against severe COVID-19. This protection could even be viable in the long term as long-living memory T cells seem to be stabilized and mutations do not appear to have a large impact on T cell responses. Thus, after vaccination and infections, memory T cells should be able to help prevent onset of severe disease for most cases. Considering this, it would be useful to add N or M proteins in vaccinations, alongside the S protein which is currently used, as this results in a broader T cell response.
Simulating cookiecutter shark bites with a 3D-printed jaw-dental model
Authors: Grace Mark A. , Huber Daniel , Travis Kevin , Doosey Michael H. , Ford Jonathan , Decker Summer , Mann Justin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEctoparasitic cookiecutter sharks (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Dalatiidae; Isistius) share common features for jaw and teeth structure, in particular, robust lower jaws and dignathic heterodonty (upper teeth crowns are more slender and shorter than the broader and longer lower teeth crowns). The jaws and teeth are well suited for feeding by excising a nearly symmetrical oval-flesh bite plug from a variety of prey species including marine mammals, fishes, and squids. There is considerable speculation regarding cookiecutter shark bite dynamics given that natural feeding behavior has not been observed. To elucidate cookiecutter shark bite dynamics, bites were experimentally simulated for the two cookiecutter shark species; the Cookiecutter Shark, Isistius brasiliensis (Quoy JRC, Gaimard, P (1824) Zoologie (3) Imprimerie royale) and the Largetooth Cookiecutter Shark, Isistius plutodus (Garrick JAF, Springer S (1964) Isistius plutodus, a new squaloid shark from the Gulf of Mexico. Copeia 678–682), using three-dimensional printed models of jaws with teeth. Bite simulations were conducted at standardized jaw bite-gape angles and ballistic gelatin was used to approximate prey flesh, from which aspect ratio analysis of bite wound geometrics was used to determine bite wound morphometrics for each species. The simulated bite experiment also was useful for assessing factors that potentially affect cookiecutter shark total length estimates when based on natural bite geometrics. In addition, the mechanics of producing experimental bites provide new insights related to the necessity for cookiecutter sharks to rotate their body to create nearly symmetrical oval bite wounds.