bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Plastic Bottle Exposure with Infant Fecal Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Growth
Authors: Zhao Heather Jianbo , Tilves Curtis , Differding Moira , Zhang Mingyu , Liu Tiange , Benjamin-Neelon Sara , Hoyo Cathrine , Ostbye Truls , Mueller Noel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Plastic exposures have been shown to impact the microbiome, metabolism and growth of animals. However, no human studies have examined how plastic exposures are associated with fecal microbiota, microbial metabolites, or growth. Here we examine the association of plastic bottle feeding with infant fecal microbiota, microbial short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites, and anthropometry in the first year of life.
Methods
462 infants from the prospective Nurture Birth Cohort were included to examine frequency of plastic bottle feeding (every feeding vs. less than every feeding) at 3 months with anthropometric outcomes (skinfolds, length-for-age, and weight-for-length) at 1 year. A subset of 64 and 67 infants were included in analyses examining the fecal microbiota and fecal SCFAs, respectively. Microbial taxa were measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region and SCFA concentrations were quantified using gas chromatography at 3 and 12 months of age.
Results
After adjustment for potential confounders, less frequent plastic bottle use was associated with lower fecal microbiota alpha Shannon diversity at 3 months (mean difference for plastic bottle used less than every feeding vs. every feeding = -0.53, 95% CI: -0.90, -0.17, p < 0.01) and lower propionic acid concentration at 3 months (mean log + 1 difference for plastic bottle used every feeding vs. less than every feeding = -0.53, 95% CI: -1.00, -0.06, p = 0.03). Furthermore, compared to infants who used plastic bottle at every feeding, infants who were plastic bottle-fed less frequently (1–3 times/day) at 3 months had significantly lower length-for-age z-scores at 12 months (mean difference= -0.40, 95% CI: -0.72, -0.07, p = 0.016).
Conclusion
Plastic bottle exposure may impact early infant gut microbiota and microbial SCFAs, which may in turn affect growth.
Deformation scheme of nonlinear Rosen-Zener tunneling for Bose-Einstein condensates in a triple-well potential
Authors: Cao Hong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate Rosen-Zener tunneling for Bose-Einstein condensates in a triple-well potential within
the framework of mean-field treatment. Firstly, we exactly calculate tunneling dynamics for triple-well in the
linear case, where the population evolution of each well is robust, and all atoms are finally trapped in the single
well, that is initially uploaded. In this case, tunneling dynamics are symmetrical when all atoms are populated in the first well and third well. However, as the nonlinear interaction is introduced, tunneling dynamics will be significantly changed. On the one hand, the symmetry will be broken, some atoms will not be confined to the starting well. On the other hand, nonlinear Josephson oscillation will be presented within a fixing interval. When the interaction exceeds this interval, the self-trapping solution emerges.
Serological responses to the BNT-162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech vaccination in twin pregnancies- Comparison between immunization before conception and during pregnancy.
Authors: Svirsky Ran , Rabbi Moran Landau , Hamad Ramzia Abu , Sharabi-Nov Adi , Kugler Nadav , Galoyan Narina , Sharon Nataly Zilberman , Meiri Hamutal , Maymon Ron , Zion Osnat Korach-Lev 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives

Compare the levels of neutralizing Anti-Spike Protein IgG (Anti-S-IgG) during twin pregnancies in women who were immunized by the BNT-62b2-Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine for COVID-19 before conception vs. during pregnancy.

Methods

In this prospective study, three blood samples were collected from 83 pregnant and 200 age-matched non-pregnant women and subjected to Anti-S-IgG immunodiagnostics. Patient’s medical records were collected from the hospital’s electronic database, including vaccination and PCR test results.

Results

Of the 83 women with twin pregnancies, 74 were dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) and 9 were monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA), 49 were vaccinated before conception, 21 were vaccinated during pregnancy, and 13 were non-vaccinated. Nine non-vaccinated women experienced an uneventful pregnancy, one contracted COVID-19 before conception, three became positive during pregnancy, and all three were severely ill and required hospitalization in the 3rd trimester. By contrast, in two (9.5%) of the 21 women who were vaccinated during pregnancy and 7 (14.3%) of the 46 women vaccinated before conception COVID-19 infection during pregnancy caused only mild symptoms. The levels of neutralizing Anti-S-IgG in the 3rd trimester in the women vaccinated before conception were 1,475 Au/mL [IQR 392-3,020] vs. 112 [54–357] (ten-fold lower) in women vaccinated during pregnancy (p < 0.001)). No difference was found between DCDA and MCDA. Third-trimester Anti-S-IgG levels in twin pregnancies were higher compared to non-pregnant women and to gravid women with singletons (according to reported levels). In women vaccinated at 13–16 weeks gestation, neutralizing Anti-S-IgG at 20–22 weeks went up to 372 Au/mL[120–1598], but rapidly dropped to 112[54–357) at 28–30 weeks, (p < 0.001), a faster decline than in women vaccinated before conception, or women with singleton pregnancies, or non-pregnant women (p < 0.001). Infection before conception was associated with having low Anti-S-IgG levels during pregnancy, whereas COVID-19 during pregnancy led to a very high response in the 3rd trimester, as previously reported for singleton pregnancies.

Conclusion

Lower neutralizing Anti-S-IgG levels were observed in women who were vaccinated during pregnancy compared to those who were vaccinated before conception, and they also declined faster. Vaccinated women who came down with COVID-19 had milder symptoms than unvaccinated women. Thus, a full course of vaccination before conception is recommended.
ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS) Receipt Release Date: October 4, 2021
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04595214
Monolayer-interface-driven strain-free heteroepitaxy for single-crystal Ag thin films
Authors: Kim Su Jae , Kim Seon Je , Kim Young-Hoon , Park Jongkyoon , Jung Min-Hyoung , Lee Yousil , Cheon Miyeon , Lee Jegon , Seo Yu-Seong , Jeong Hu Young , Choi Woo Seok , Hwang Jungseek , Kim Seungchul , Jeong Se-Young , Kim Young-Min 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Wafer-scale growth of metallic films into single crystals is challenging owing to the large lattice mismatch and uncontrollable stacking of atoms during deposition. Here, single-crystal Ag(111) films are grown on flat Cu(111) buffer layers using atomic sputtering epitaxy, notwithstanding the large (approximately 13%) Ag/Cu lattice mismatch. Phenomenologically, the mismatch strain is localised to the first Ag monoatomic interface layer, without spreading into adjacent Ag layers. This perfect strain absorber occurs owing to regulated in-plane displacements of Ag atoms at the periodic colocalisation loci of Ag and Cu atoms. This extreme case does not require collective cooperation of dislocated atoms as opposed to the case of strain relaxation, thereby enabling defect-free growth of Ag films. The resulting film surfaces are inherently ultraflat and thus advantageous for perfect reflectors and plasmonic devices.
Gingival crevicular fluid osteocalcin level as a biomarker for periodontitis stage III grade B and C response to periodontal treatment after 6 months follow up of Egyptian population sample- Controlled Clinical trial.
Authors: Bahrawy Mohamed Al , Rauf Sahar Abdel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives: Periodontitis is characterized by an increased alveolar bone turnover with dominance of bone resorption over bone formation leading to alveolar bone loss and loss of attachment. Osteocalcin is the major noncollagenous calcium-binding single chain protein of bone and dentin matrix and it is a bone marker whose concentration in circulation has been used as a reflector of bone turnover.The present study was conducted to evaluate osteocalcin levels in healthy and diseased periodontium and to correlate the changes in its levels with the changes in the clinical and radiographic parameters before and after treatment.
Materials & Methods: Double blind clinical randomized trial, 40 patients divided into 3 groups; 15 patients diagnosed as periodontitis stage III grade B, 15 patients diagnosed as periodontitis stage III grade C, 10 healthy cases as control. Clinical parameters namely plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Pocket depth (PD), Clinical attachment loss (CAL), radiographic examination, beside gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples collection for Osteocalcin level, tested at 3 time points 1 before and 2 after periodontal treatment, which included phase I therapy, and respective periodontal surgery accompanied by systemic antibiotics protocol.
Results: revealed a positive correlation in the changes of osteocalcin levels in relation to probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and gingival index and a negative correlation with the changes in bone density although these correlations were insignificant.
Conclusions: Osteocalcin in gingival crevicular fluid as marker for diagnosis , prognosis, and follow up of the periodontitis infection activity, As a second conclusion cumulative non surgical, surgical and systemic antibiotic medication have high ability in the control of periodontal infection which could be measured clinically and radiographically.
Clinical relevance: Osteocalcin would be suitable for diagnosis and follow up of the disease, but not suitable for the prognosis of periodontal disease infection.
A data-driven high-precision modeling method of machine tool spatial error under the influence of Abbe error
Authors: Zhang Lin , jiang zhigang , Chen Guohua , Zhu Shuo , Hu yongwen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Due to the complex mechanism of the influence of Abbe error on spatial accuracy, the Abbe error accumulated in the traditional spatial accuracy model is hard to be identified and cannot be eliminated, which affects the modeling accuracy and restricts the effect of accuracy improvement. This paper presents a data-driven spatial accuracy modeling method for machine tool under the influence of Abbe error, using a three-axis coupling measurement optical path to directly measure the comprehensive spatial accuracy data of machine tool containing Abbe error. In addition, in order to effectively identify the Abbe error in the comprehensive spatial accuracy, the Abbe error quantization function is established to eliminate the Abbe error in the spatial accuracy data of machine tool by analyzing its formation mechanism in the measurement process. Further, aiming at the problem of small data samples after eliminating Abbe error, the data samples are extended based on the degradation mechanism of machine tool spatial accuracy at different coordinate positions, and a high-precision spatial error model for machine tool is given. Finally, the experiment is conducted on a three-axis CNC machine tool with the model accuracy of over 95%, and the example application verification shows that the developed model scheme is feasible and effective.
Easy-to-build rhizobox method to support wheat root research and breeding for future production systems
Authors: Rambla Charlotte , Kang Yichen , Ober Eric S. , Hickey Lee T , Alahmad Samir , Voss-Fels Kai Peter , Watt Michelle , Wasson Anton , Dinglasan Eric , Meer Sarah Van Der 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aims
Rhizoboxes allow non-invasive phenotyping of root systems and are often used as an alternative to evaluation in the field which typically requires excavation, a laborious endeavour. Semi-automated rhizobox methods can be used to screen large numbers of plants, but these platforms can be expensive due to the cost of customised components, assembly, and maintenance, which limits the accessibility for many root researchers. To widen access to the rhizobox method—for example for preliminary screening of germplasm for root system architecture traits—we present a method to build a simple, low-cost rhizobox method using widely available materials, which should allow any research group to conduct root experiments and phenotype root system architecture in their own laboratories and greenhouses.
Methods
The detailed construction of 80 wooden rhizoboxes is described (each 40 cm width x 90 cm height x 6 cm depth; total cost 1,786 AUD, or 22 AUD or [$15 USD] per rhizobox). Using a panel of 20 spring wheat lines, including parental lines and derived intro-selection lines selected for divergent seedling root traits (seminal root angle and root biomass), genotypic variation in root biomass distribution were examined in the upper (0–30 cm), middle (30–60 cm) and lower sections (60–90 cm) of the rhizobox. At the conclusion of the experiment, rhizobox covers were removed and the exposed roots were imaged prior to destructive root washing. Root morphological traits were extracted from the images using RhizoVision Explorer (Seethepalli and York 2020).
Results
There were significant genotypic differences in total root biomass in the upper and middle sections of the rhizobox, but differences were not detected in the deepest section. Compared with the recurrent elite parent Borlaug100, some of the intro-selection lines showed greater biomass (or less), depending on the status of the root biomass QTL on chromosome 5B. Genotypes also differed in shoot biomass and tiller number. The donor lines for high and low root biomass showed corresponding differences in shoot biomass. Additional root parameters such as total root length and branching frequency were obtained through image analysis and genotypic effects were detected at different depths.
Conclusions
The rhizobox set up is easy-to-build-and-implement for phenotyping the root distribution of wheat. This will support root research and breeding efforts to identify and utilise sources of genetic variation for target root traits that are needed to develop future wheat cultivars with improved resource use efficiency and yield stability.
Outlier Backdoor Attack Prevention Through Energy-Based Learning
Authors: Gao Xiangyu , Qiu Meikang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The improvement of data collection and data storage tech- niques enables it quite easier to obtain large amount of data. Accord- ingly, multiple big-data oriented machine learning become quite popular in terms of decision making. However, the quality of machine learning tools’ output is highly dependent on the cleanness of the input data. As for backdoor attackers, they have strong motivation to pollute the data set to negatively influence the final output. In response to this concern, this paper proposes to leverage energy-based learning to prevent back- door attacks. Specifically, our algorithm cleans the data set iteratively to rule out several possible polluted points before running the machine learning model. The experiments take linear regression as the example and show that out algorithm is fast to implement and can improve the accuracy of final output by 60% on average.
Local Administration of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Using a Hydrogel Carrier for Robust Bone Regeneration in a Large Animal Model of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Authors: Kim Harry , Ma Chi , Park Minsung , Monte Felipe , Gokani Vishal , Aruwajoye Olumide , Ren Yinshi , Liu Xiaohua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is juvenile idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) that has no effective clinical resolutions. Previously, local injection of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) for ONFH treatment showed a heterogeneous bone repair and a high incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) due to the BMP2 leakage. Here, we developed a BMP2-hydrogel treatment via a transphyseal bone wash and subsequential injection of BMP2-loaded hydrogel. In vivo studies showed that a hydrogel of gelatin-heparin-tyramine retained the BMP2 for four weeks. The injection of the hydrogel can efficiently prevent leakage. With the bone wash, the injected hydrogel had a broad distribution in the head. In vivo studies on pigs revealed that the BMP2-hydrogel treatment produced a homogeneous bone regeneration without HO. It preserved the subchondral contour and restored the subchondral endochondral ossification, although it increased growth plate fusions. In summary, the study demonstrated a promising BMP2-hydrogel treatment for ONFH treatment, especially for teenagers.
Validation of a Performance Based Rapid Seismic Assessment Methodology (PERA2019) based on Actual Earthquake Damages
Authors: Aydogdu Hasan Huseyin , Ilki Alper 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Most of the buildings in Turkey constructed before 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce Earthquakes do not have sufficient seismic resistance due to construction errors and do not satisfy the recent Turkish Building Earthquake Code (2018) or its preceding versions. In Istanbul, the ratio of buildings constructed before 2000 is nearly 70% in building stock. Clearly, seismic safety assessment of huge number of buildings is not practically possible by code-based detailed assessment approaches, which generally assess the seismic performance of buildings in terms of pass or fail, rather than rank and classify/prioritize these buildings considering their seismic safety. Moreover, the probability of a catastrophic earthquake that could hit Istanbul is high. Therefore, to minimize casualties and economic losses, it is important to determine the most vulnerable existing buildings effectively in terms of cost and duration. Accordingly, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality has started to evaluate the seismic safety of existing reinforced concrete buildings using the PERA2019 method considering the actual structural data collected on site. The buildings are then divided into 5 seismic risk classes from low-risk to very highrisk according to the computed seismic safety ratio. In this study, the reliability of the PERA2019 is evaluated by considering the predicted risk classes of another large group of actual buildings that have been subjected to actual earthquakes and experienced earthquakeinduced damages in different extents. The comparative evaluation of actual seismic damages and predictions of PERA2019 showed clearly that the methodology has a sound ability to estimate the structural seismic performance of the investigated buildings.
Recovery of amylolytic enzymes from triticale malt (X. Triticosecale Wittmack) using two-phase aqueous systems
Authors: Girón-Orozco Diego , Mariezcurrena-Berasain María Dolores , Aguilar Oscar , Ramírez-Dávila José Francisco , Heredia-Olea Erick 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Triticale malt has shown higher amylolytic activity than other cereal malts, a characteristic of great importance for the brewing and starch industry. The scope of this work was to obtain concentrated enzymatic aqueous extracts containing β-amylase, α-amylase, and amyloglucosidase from triticale malts of Bicentenario and Siglo-XXI varieties, using aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) for enzymes recovery.
Methodology: The malts produced had 5 days of germination and were dried at 50°C. The extracts were prepared by mixing ground malt with deionized water (1:10), stirred at 180 rpm, testing three stirring times (30, 120, and 270 min) and two temperatures (30 and 40°C) (12 treatments). The extracts were centrifugated, freeze-dried and purified, varying the concentrations of alcohol and Na3C6H5O7. Enzyme quantification was performed using: BETAMYL-3® (β-amylase); AOAC 2002.0I, AACC22-02.0I (α-amylase), and McCleary et al., (1991) (amyloglucosidase).
Results: In relation to the malt, an increase in extract enzyme quantification was achieved, mainly α-amylase for Siglo-XXI malt, initially with 99.56 CU/g to 1,268.89 CU/mL (507.5 CU/g dry matter) in 30 min/30°C extract. For the same treatment, the best ATPS for enzymatic recovery was 30% alcohol/18% Na3C6H5O7, α-amylase predominantly at the inferior phase 1,514.03 CU/mL (605.6 CU/g dry matter) and β-amylase 51.43 BU/mL (10.2 BU/g dry matter) at the upper phase.
Conclusion: Aqueous amylase extraction from triticale Siglo-XXI malt in 30 min/30°C conditions is a suitable option for production of β-amylase and α-amylase in combination with the use of ethanol and Na3C6H5O7 ATPS to recovery amylolytic enzymes.
Molecular characterization of haemosporidian and haemogregarine diversity in southwestern Iberian amphibians and reptiles
Authors: Parejo-Pulido Daniel , Mora-Rubio Carlos , Marzal Alfonso , Magallanes Sergio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The knowledge of the diversity and geographic distribution of parasite species is the first step towards understanding processes of global epidemiology and species conservation. Despite recent increases in research on reptiles and amphibians haemosporidian and haemogregarine parasites, we still know little about their diversity and parasite-host interactions, especially in the Iberian Peninsula, where a few studies have been conducted. In this study, the haemosporidian and hemogregarine diversity and phylogenetic relationships of southwestern Iberian amphibians and reptiles were assessed using PCR approaches on 145 blood samples. The amphibians did not present any of both groups of parasites studied. Regarding the reptile species, six Hepatozoon and one Haemocystidum haplotypes were found infecting four different species, revealing new host records for these parasites. Among them, we found one new isolate Haemocystidium haplotype and three new isolates and a previously reported Hepatozoon haplotype from a north African snake. This finding suggests that some Hepatozoon parasites may not be host-specific and have large geographic ranges even crossing geographical barriers. These results increased the geographic distribution and the number of known host species of some reptile apicomplexan parasites, highlighting the great unexplored diversity of them in this region.
The problems, their groups and metaproperties
Authors: Lee June 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study starts with the definition of problem; the problem is the difference between the current state and the target state. Based on the definition, three problem-solving approaches are made geometrically, i.e., current to target, target to current and mutual approach of current and target states. Further study is done on the approach from current to target states, and it is found that five problem groups exist. Most problems in the world fall into one of five problem groups, and the problems in each group follow identical problem-solving principles of the group. The authors suggest that these groups and problem-solving principles are the meta-properties of problems which overlook most of the problems in the world.