bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inadvertent misplacement of pacemaker lead presented with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Erdem Almina , Torun Akin , Kılıç Şahhan , Cinar Tufan , Uzun Mehmet , Orhan Ahmet Lütfullah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIf a permanent pacemaker lead is misplaced in the left ventricle (LV), the lead may interfere with normal functioning of the heart leading various complications, including heart rhythm problems and blood clots. In our case, the LV lead that passed through the patent foramen ovale and was misplaced into the LV was detected in a 78‐year‐old patient who presented with embolic stroke. Thrombus regression was achieved with anticoagulation, and then the lead extraction was planned. The lead extraction is a priority in acute cases; but it is not the primary approach in long‐term leads that were misplaced into the LV. A patient‐based individual approach should be preferred in such cases.
Multifactorial in vivo regulation of the photoreceptor channelrhodopsin‐1 abundance
Authors: Wolfram Michaela , Greif Arne , Sizova Irina , Baidukova Olga , Hegemann Peter , Kreimer Georg 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOriented movement (phototaxis) is an efficient way to optimize light‐driven processes and to avoid photodamage for motile algae. In Chlamydomonas the receptors for phototaxis are the channelrhodopsins ChR1 and ChR2. Both are directly light‐gated, plasma membrane‐localized cation channels. To optimally adjust its overall light‐dependent responses, Chlamydomonas must tightly control the ChRs cellular abundance and integrate their activities into its general photoprotective network. How this is achieved is largely unknown. Here we show that the ChR1 protein level decreases upon illumination in a light‐intensity and quality‐dependent manner, whereas it is stable in prolonged darkness. Analysis of knockout strains of six major photoreceptors absorbing in the blue–violet range, which is most effective in evoking ChR1 degradation, revealed that only phototropin (PHOT) is involved. Notably, ChR2 degradation was normal in a ΔPHOT strain. Further, our results indicate that a COP1‐SPA1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, the transcription factor Hy5 as well as changes in the cellular redox poise and cyclic nucleotide levels are additional components involved in this light acclimation response of Chlamydomonas. Our data highlight the presence of an adaptive framework connecting phototaxis with general photoprotective mechanisms via the use of overlapping signaling components already at the level of the primary photoreceptor.
Jimmy Carter's cold war legacy
Authors: Donnelly Robert C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractJimmy Carter's presidency lasted only one term before Ronald Reagan defeated him in 1980. Since then, scholars have debated—and many have maligned—Carter's legacy, especially his foreign policy efforts. The criticism of Jimmy Carter's foreign policies seems particularly mistaken when it comes to the Cold War. With the counsel of his National Security Advisor, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Carter exposed Soviet weaknesses, which included their global influence, economy, and record on human rights. Declassified government documents, census data, and the reflections of former policymakers and government insiders support a revised view of Carter's Cold War policies. The president's Soviet policies helped exacerbate the Soviets' domestic and international troubles, and were far more effective than earlier critics claimed in helping to end the Cold War and contributing to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
A statistical approach for assessing cyber risk via ordered response models
Authors: Facchinetti Silvia , Osmetti Silvia Angela , Tarantola Claudia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProper evaluation of the risk associated to a cyber attack is a crucial aspect for many companies. There is an increasing need to plan for and implement effective ways to address cyber security, data security, and privacy protection. Estimating the risk of a successful cyber attack is an important issue, since this type of threat is proliferating and thus poses increasing danger to companies and the customers who use their services. While quantitative loss data are rarely available, it is possible to obtain a qualitative evaluation on an ordinal scale of severity of cyber attacks from experts of the sector. Hence, it is natural to apply order response models for the analysis of cyber risk. In particular, we rely on cumulative link models. We explain the experts' assessment of the severity of a cyber attack as a function of a set of explanatory variables describing the characteristics of the attack under consideration. A measure of diffusion of the effects of the attacks obtained via the use of a network structure is also incorporated into the set of explanatory variables of the model. Along with the description of the methodology, we present a detailed analysis of a real data set that includes information on serious cyber attacks occurred worldwide in the period 2017–2018.
Facial and body contouring with 1444 nm Nd:YAG laser‐assisted lipolysis: Clinical evidence
Authors: Piccolo Domenico , Mutlag Mohammed Hussein , Fusco Irene , Bonan Paolo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBody contouring is a significant area of dermatologic and plastic surgery. Surgical procedures, like surgical lipectomy, and less invasive procedures, such as various liposuction techniques, are the two main ways to reduce fat.AimOur study showed that 1444 nm Nd:YAG laser‐assisted lipolysis used with appropriate and specific parameters effectively destroys adipose tissue avoiding these risks and determining a safe clinical application.MethodA subcutaneous, 1444 nm Nd:YAG laser was used on 132 patients (range, 18–73 years; 109 women and 23 men with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes ranging between II and V) requiring body and face contouring. All patients were photographed for documentation. Digital clinical photography was taken under as near identical conditions as possible at baseline (pre‐treatment), and 16 weeks post‐treatment. The 5‐point Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) was recorded immediately after treatment and at their final assessment session (4 months). Adverse events were monitored.ResultsOn the basis of the investigator‐evaluated GAIS scale, the total GAIS scores showed satisfactory results. Clinician assessment from the clinical photography showed good efficacy and visible aesthetic results for body and face areas. No serious or unexpected adverse side effects were recorded, and transient pain, oedema, erythema and slight induration resolved within the first week of treatment.ConclusionsThe 1444 nm Nd:YAG laser is a new tool for performing lipolysis, and this study reports its effectiveness and safety.
Pilot study to determine the concordance between skin prick and intradermal test (IDT) reactivity to environmental allergens in atopic dogs using IDT as the gold standard
Authors: Fleischman Drew A. , Morris Daniel O. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrick testing is widely used as the first‐line in vivo test for environmental allergens in people owing to its noninvasive nature and speed of performance.ObjectivesTo determine concordance between skin prick testing (SPT) and intradermal testing (IDT) reactivity to environmental allergen mixes in dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD).AnimalsForty client‐owned dogs with cAD.Materials and MethodsSkin prick testing (GREER Pick System; Stallergenes Greer) and IDT were performed on 40 dogs using seven glycerinated and aqueous environmental allergen mixes, respectively (tree, grass and weed pollens, house dust mites and three mould mixes). Reactions for IDT and SPT were evaluated both subjectively and objectively (mean wheal diameter; MWD) and compared to saline and histamine controls.ResultsUsing IDT as the gold standard, with subjective scoring, SPT was 47.0% sensitive [95% confidence interval (CI) 36.0%–58.7%], 92.1% specific (95% CI 87.6%–95.3%) and agreement was moderate (79%, Cohen's kappa = 0.424). The positive predictive value of SPT was 36% and negative predictive value was 95%. Objective and subjective scores had only fair agreement.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceSkin prick testing with allergen mixes was specific yet poorly sensitive as compared to IDT. For both IDT and SPT, 95% (38 of 40) dogs failed to react to an allergen mix, despite showing a positive reaction to at least one component. Future studies comparing SPT and IDT should test individual allergens rather than mixes to prevent the dilution of individual components, which may have resulted in false negatives.
Influence of Pulsatility and Inflow Waveforms on Tracheal Airflow Dynamics in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Tiwari Bipin , Usmani Abdullah Y. , Bodduluri Sandeep , Bhatt Surya P. , Raghav Vrishank 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Tracheal collapsibility is a dynamic process altering local airflow dynamics. Patient-specific simulation is a powerful technique to explore the physiological and pathological characteristics of human airways. One of the key considerations in implementing airway computations is choosing the right inlet boundary conditions that can act as a surrogate model for understanding realistic airflow simulations. To this end, we numerically examine airflow patterns under the influence of different profiles, i.e., flat, parabolic, and Womersley, and compare these with a realistic inlet obtained from experiments. Simulations are performed in ten patient-specific cases with normal and rapid breathing rates during the inhalation phase of the respiration cycle. At normal breathing, velocity and vorticity contours reveal primary flow structures on the sagittal plane that impart strength to cross-plane vortices. Rapid breathing, however, encounters small recirculation zones. Quantitative flow metrics are evaluated using time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI). Overall, the flow metrics encountered in a real velocity profile are in close agreement with parabolic and Womersley profiles for normal conditions, however, the Womersley inlet alone conforms to a realistic profile under rapid breathing conditions.
Double Diffusive Convective Flow Study of a Hybrid Nanofluid in an Inverted T-Shaped Porous Enclosure Under the Influence of Soret and Dufour Prameters
Authors: Kumar Sumant , Kumar B. V. Rathish , Krishna Murthy S. V. S. S. N. V. G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study presents a numerical investigation to examine the influence of Soret and Dufour parameters on the double-diffusive convective flow of a hybrid nanofluid within an inverted T-shaped porous enclosure. The thermophysical properties and numerical values of the hybrid nanofluid are adopted from experimentally published data. The mathematical model is formulated based on the generalized Darcy–Brinkmann–Forchheimer equation and subsequently simulated using the penalty finite element method. A parametric study is conducted, encompassing a wide range of parameters for Rayleigh number, Darcy number, porosity value, buoyancy ratio, Lewis number, Soret parameter, and Dufour parameter. The resulting flow patterns, temperature distribution (isotherms), and concentration distribution (isoconcentration plots) provide insights into the fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer phenomena within the physical domain. Furthermore, the heat and mass transfer rates at the heated (concentrated) wall are quantitatively evaluated by the mean Nusselt number and mean Sherwood number, respectively, considering various combinations of flow parameters. As a key finding, it is observed that the smaller value of the Rayleigh number remains insignificant at convective flow of thermal and solute phenomena. Moreover, the higher value of Ra reinforces the convective strength of hybrid nanofluid, and it helps to identify the real impact of each parameter. Thus, at a higher Rayleigh number, it is observed that the increasing value of Darcy number, porosity value, Lewis number, and buoyancy ratio significantly influence the convective flow of heat and solute transport activity, whereas the impact of Soret and Dufour parameters shows a relatively less influence on the heat and mass transfer phenomena.
mSphere of Influence: Systemic decoding gene function in
Toxoplasma gondii
pathogenesis—CRISPR screens and beyond
Authors: Wang Yifan 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Yifan Wang works in the field of molecular parasitology with a focus on host-pathogen interactions. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how papers entitled “A genome-wide CRISPR screen in
Toxoplasma
identifies essential apicomplexan genes” by S. M. Sidik, D. Huet, S. M. Ganesan, M.-H. Huynh, et al. (Cell 166:1423.e12–1435.e12, 2016,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.019
) and “Mapping host-microbe transcriptional interactions by dual Perturb-seq” by S. Butterworth, K. Kordova, S. Chandrasekaran, K. K. Thomas, et al. (bioRxiv,
https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.21.537779
) made an impact on his research and changed the way he thinks how functional genomics and high-throughput screens provide novel insights into pathogen pathogenesis.
Supplemental Material: Development of a back-arc basin from initial rifting to seafloor spreading: Constraints from Paleozoic basic rocks in the North Qinling accretionary orogen, central China
Authors: Chang Huan , Wu Yuan-Bao , al. et 
Published: June 2023

<p>Figures S1–S6. Table S1: Zircon U-Pb isotopic data obtained by SIMS for samples 16QL87 and 16QL89 from the mafic dikes of the Qinling orogen. Table S2: Major (in wt%) and trace element (in ppm) contents of the mafic dike samples and international and Chinese standards. Table S3: Whole-rock Sr-Nd-Hf isotope compositions of the mafic dike samples (t = 453 Ma). Table S4: Zircon Hf and O isotopic data obtained by LA-MC-ICPMS and SIMS for samples 16QL87 and 16QL89, respectively. </p>
Effect of Small Angles of Attack on Turbulence Generation in Supersonic Boundary Layers on Swept Wings
Authors: Kosinov A. D. , Kocharin V. L. , Liverko A. V. , Semenov A. N. , Semionov N. V. , Smorodsky B. V. , Tolkachev S. N. , Yatskikh A. A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present the new (for Mach numbers М = 3 and 3.5) and generalizing (for Mach numbers from 2 to 4) results of experimental investigations on the effect of small angles of attack on laminar-turbulent transition in the supersonic boundary layer on a swept wing with the leading-edge slip angle of 72°. The angle-of-attack variation has a strong effect on the transition Reynolds number. The transition Reynolds number decreases with increase in the Mach number. The measurements were carried out by means of a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer using the proven procedure of determining the transition location. The eN method is used for the first time for numerically estimating the transition Reynolds numbers in the supersonic boundary layer on a swept wing with the leading-edge slip angle of 72°. The growth of the amplitudes of the steady and unsteady modes of the boundary layer crossflow are calculated in accordance with the linear stability theory, within the framework of the Lees–Lin system of equations. The numerical results indicate that, in accordance with the experimental results, laminar-turbulent transition in the boundary layer on the model swept wing is governed by the growth of stationary modes of the crossflow instability.
Senior trainee as endoscopy teacher: impact on trainee learning and attending experience
Authors: Feuille Colin , Sewell Justin L 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTraining in how to effectively teach endoscopy is not included in most gastroenterology (GI) training programme curricula, yet many gastroenterologists are expected to teach endoscopy in their careers. Near-peer teaching could help senior GI trainees learn how to teach endoscopy and have benefits for junior trainees. We performed a qualitative study of a peer teaching initiative where senior trainees taught endoscopy to junior trainees under attending supervision.DesignWe observed endoscopy sessions where the senior trainee taught a junior trainee under attending supervision, and then conducted individual interviews with the senior trainee teacher, junior trainee learner and attending to characterise affordances and barriers to learning. We performed thematic analysis on anonymised interview transcripts.Results10 observations and 30 interviews were completed. Junior trainees reported senior trainees more approachable than attendings and explained concepts in more understandable ways. Senior trainees reported the teaching role improved skill at both teaching and performing endoscopy. Attendings reported positive impressions of the experience for senior trainees, and generally positive impressions with some reservations of the experience for junior trainees. A few barriers to learning were reported, but they were generally perceived as being outweighed by affordances. An area for improvement was setting clear expectations for senior trainee and attending roles before the session.ConclusionNear-peer endoscopy teaching was feasible and provided perceived affordances for junior and senior trainees alike, with few barriers. Incorporating formal training in teaching endoscopy into GI training programme curricula may produce both better endoscopists and better endoscopy teachers.
Recurrent myocardial infarction and emergency department visits: a retrospective study on the Stockholm Area Chest Pain Cohort
Authors: Holzmann Martin J , Andersson Tomas , Doemland Martha L , Roux Sébastien 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundPatients who experience acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are at risk of recurrent AMI. Contemporary data on recurrent AMI and its association with return emergency department (ED) visits for chest pain are needed.MethodsThis Swedish retrospective cohort study linked patient-level data from six participating hospitals to four national registers to construct the Stockholm Area Chest Pain Cohort (SACPC). The AMI cohort included SACPC participants visiting the ED for chest pain diagnosed with AMI and discharged alive (first primary diagnosis of AMI during the study period not necessarily the patient’s first AMI). The rate and timing of recurrent AMI events, return ED visits for chest pain and all-cause mortality were determined during the year following index AMI discharge.ResultsAmong 1 37 706 patients presenting to the ED with chest pain as principal complaint from 2011 to 2016, 5.5% (7579/137 706) were hospitalised with AMI. In total, 98.5% (7467/7579) of patients were discharged alive. In the year following index AMI discharge, 5.8% (432/7467) of AMI patients experienced ≥1 recurrent AMI event. Return ED visits for chest pain occurred in 27.0% (2017/7467) of index AMI survivors. During a return ED visit, recurrent AMI was diagnosed in 13.6% (274/2017) of patients. One-year all-cause mortality was 3.1% in the AMI cohort and 11.6% in the recurrent AMI cohort.ConclusionsIn this AMI population, 3 in 10 AMI survivors returned to the ED for chest pain in the year following AMI discharge. Furthermore, over 10% of patients with return ED visits were diagnosed with recurrent AMI during that visit. This study confirms the high residual ischaemic risk and associated mortality among AMI survivors.
Digitally enabled acute care for atrial fibrillation: conception, feasibility and early outcomes of an AF virtual ward
Authors: Kotb Ahmed , Armstrong Susanne , Koev Ivelin , Antoun Ibrahim , Vali Zakariyya , Panchal Gaurav , Barker Joseph , Mavilakandy Akash , Chin Shui Hao , Lazdam Merzaka , Ibrahim Mokhtar , Sandilands Alastair , Somani Riyaz , Ng G Andre 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) represents a growing healthcare challenge, mainly driven by acute hospitalisations. Virtual wards could be the way forward to manage acute AF patients through remote monitoring, especially with the rise in global access to digital telecommunication and the growing acceptance of telemedicine post-COVID-19.MethodsAn AF virtual ward was implemented as a proof-of-concept care model. Patients presenting acutely with AF or atrial flutter and rapid ventricular response to the hospital were onboarded to the virtual ward and managed at home through remote ECG-monitoring and ‘virtual’ ward rounds, after being given access to a single-lead ECG device, a blood pressure monitor and pulse oximeter with instructions to record daily ECGs, blood pressure, oxygen saturations and to complete an online AF symptom questionnaire. Data were uploaded to a digital platform for daily review by the clinical team. Primary outcomes included admission avoidance, readmission avoidance and patient satisfaction. Safety outcomes included unplanned discharge from the virtual ward, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality.ResultsThere were 50 admissions to the virtual ward between January and August 2022. Twenty-four of them avoided initial hospital admission as patients were directly enrolled to the virtual ward from outpatient settings. A further 25 readmissions were appropriately prevented during virtual surveillance. Patient satisfaction questionnaires yielded 100% positive responses among participants. There were three unplanned discharges from the virtual ward requiring hospitalisation. Mean heart rate on admission to the virtual ward and discharge was 122±26 and 82±27 bpm respectively. A rhythm control strategy was pursued in 82% (n=41) and 20% (n=10) required 3 or more remote pharmacological interventions.ConclusionThis is a first real-world experience of an AF virtual ward that heralds a potential means for reducing AF hospitalisations and the associated financial burden, without compromising on patients’ care or safety.
Redox-responsive 1D-assembly built from cucurbit[8]uril and a water-soluble metalloporphyrin-based tecton
Authors: Chowdhury Shagor , Hennequin Paul , Cala Olivier , Denis-Quanquin Sandrine , Saint-Aman Éric , Frath Denis , Chevallier Floris , Bucher Christophe 
Published: June 2023

A linear porphyrin-based tecton bearing two 4,4[Formula: see text]bipyridinium units (viologens) and two monomethyl-ether triethylene glycol-substituted phenyl substituents at the meso positions was synthesized and characterized. The latter was involved in the redox-triggered formation of linear supramolecular assemblies with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) cavitands in aqueous media. The CB[8]-promoted intermolecular [Formula: see text]-dimerization of the viologen cation radicals introduced at the meso positions of the porphyrin platform has been brought to light through the diagnostic signatures of the 1:2 host-guest ternary caviplexes formed between viologen and CB[8] and by spectroscopic data collected after electrochemical reduction of the viologen-based tectons.