bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rim plate in the treatment of hyperextension tibial plateau fracture: surgical technique and a series of cases
Authors: Sun Zhijian , Li Ting , Liu Yabo , Mao Yujiang , Li Weihua , Guo Qi , Li Shaoliang , Li Changrun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The existence of a “bare area” at the anterior plateau has been observed in cases where anteromedial and/or anterolateral proximal tibial locking plates are used for fixation in the treatment of hyperextension tibial plateau fractures (HTPF). The objective of this study is to introduce the rim plate fixation technique and evaluate its clinical efficacy.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on HTPF patients who underwent treatment with a combination of rim plate and proximal tibial locking plate at our hospital between April 2015 and December 2019. All patients were followed up for a minimum of one year. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed using anteromedial/posteromedial and/or anterolateral approaches for all cases. The surgical strategies employed for rim plate fixation were introduced, and both radiographic and clinical outcomes were assessed.

Results
Thirteen patients were enrolled in the study, with an average follow-up time of 4.3 years. Satisfactory reduction was achieved and radiographically maintained in all cases. Additionally, all patients exhibited satisfactory clinical functions, as evidenced by a mean hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score of 96.2 ± 2.0 (range: 90–98). Furthermore, no wound complications or implant breakage were observed in this series.

Conclusion
The combination of the rim plate and proximal tibial plate proved to be an effective fixation configuration, resulting in satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Safety and efficacy of precision hepatectomy in the treatment of primary liver cancer
Authors: Zhang Junhong , Zhang Pengfei , Cao Jinglin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of precision hepatectomy in the treatment of primary liver cancer.

Methods
An randomized controlled trial of 98 patients with primary liver cancer admitted to our hospital from February 2020 to February 2021 were analyzed for the study, and they were divided into 49 cases each in the control group (conventional hepatectomy) and the study group (precision hepatectomy) according to the different surgical methods. The surgical condition, complications and follow-up results of the two groups were counted, and the liver function and immune function of the two groups were observed before and 1 week after surgery.

Results
The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, hospitalization time and anal venting time in the study group were less than those in the control group (P < 0.05). One week after surgery, AST, TBiL, ALT and ALB levels decreased, with in the study group significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05); CD4+, CD3 + and CD4+/CD8 + levels were significantly higher in the study group (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After 2 years of follow-up, the recurrence rate and mortality rate of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05); the difference was not statistically significant when comparing the metastasis rate between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Precision hepatectomy can effectively treat primary liver cancer with high safety and could be promoted in clinical practice.
The impact of sarcopenia on esophagectomy for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Park Amanda , Orlandini Marina Feliciano , Szor Daniel José , Junior Ulysses Ribeiro , Tustumi Francisco 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Esophagectomy is the gold-standard treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer but has high morbimortality rates. Sarcopenia is a common comorbidity in cancer patients. The exact burden of sarcopenia in esophagectomy outcomes remains unclear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to establish the impact of sarcopenia on postoperative outcomes of esophagectomy for cancer.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing sarcopenic with non-sarcopenic patients before esophagectomy for cancer (Registration number: CRD42021270332). An electronic search was conducted on Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and LILACS, alongside a manual search of the references. The inclusion criteria were cohorts, case series, and clinical trials; adult patients; studies evaluating patients with sarcopenia undergoing esophagectomy or gastroesophagectomy for cancer; and studies that analyze relevant outcomes. The exclusion criteria were letters, editorials, congress abstracts, case reports, reviews, cross-sectional studies, patients undergoing surgery for benign conditions, and animal studies. The meta-analysis was synthesized with forest plots.

Results
The meta-analysis included 40 studies. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with increased postoperative complications (RD: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.14), severe complications (RD: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.19), and pneumonia (RD: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.18). Patients with sarcopenia had a lower probability of survival at a 3-year follow-up (RD: -0.16; 95% CI: -0.23 to -0.10).

Conclusion
Preoperative sarcopenia imposes a higher risk for overall complications and severe complications. Besides, patients with sarcopenia had a lower chance of long-term survival.
Sequence dependencies and mutation rates of localized mutational processes in cancer
Authors: Poulsgaard Gustav Alexander , Sørensen Simon Grund , Juul Randi Istrup , Nielsen Morten Muhlig , Pedersen Jakob Skou 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Cancer mutations accumulate through replication errors and DNA damage coupled with incomplete repair. Individual mutational processes often show nucleotide sequence and functional region preferences. As a result, some sequence contexts mutate at much higher rates than others, with additional variation found between functional regions. Mutational hotspots, with recurrent mutations across cancer samples, represent genomic positions with elevated mutation rates, often caused by highly localized mutational processes.

Methods
We count the 11-mer genomic sequences across the genome, and using the PCAWG set of 2583 pan-cancer whole genomes, we associate 11-mers with mutational signatures, hotspots of single nucleotide variants, and specific genomic regions. We evaluate the mutation rates of individual and combined sets of 11-mers and derive mutational sequence motifs.

Results
We show that hotspots generally identify highly mutable sequence contexts. Using these, we show that some mutational signatures are enriched in hotspot sequence contexts, corresponding to well-defined sequence preferences for the underlying localized mutational processes. This includes signature 17b (of unknown etiology) and signatures 62 (POLE deficiency), 7a (UV), and 72 (linked to lymphomas). In some cases, the mutation rate and sequence preference increase further when focusing on certain genomic regions, such as signature 62 in transcribed regions, where the mutation rate is increased up to 9-folds over cancer type and mutational signature average.

Conclusions
We summarize our findings in a catalog of localized mutational processes, their sequence preferences, and their estimated mutation rates.
A reduced Galerkin finite element formulation based on proper orthogonal decomposition for the generalized KDV-RLW-Rosenau equation
Authors: Zhao Wenju , Piao Guang-Ri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates reduced-order modeling of the Korteweg de Vries regularized long-wave Rosenau (KdV-RLW-Rosenau) equation using semi- and fully-discrete B-spline Galerkin approximations. The approach involves the application of a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method to a Galerkin finite element (GFE) formulation, resulting in a POD GFE formulation with lower dimensions and high accuracy. The error between the reduced POD GFE solution and the traditional GFE solution is analyzed using the Crank-Nicolson method. Numerical examples show that the theoretical conclusions are consistent with the results of the numerical computation, and that the POD method is effective and feasible.
Conversion surgery for advanced jejunal adenocarcinoma with multiple peritoneal metastases: a case report
Authors: Obayashi Miku , Otsuka Shimpei , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Yamada Mihoko , Kawakami Takeshi , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Sugiura Teiichi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Small bowel cancer (SBC) is a rare malignancy that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Palliative chemotherapy is the standard treatment for patients with metastatic SBC. The relevant literature on conversion surgery in patients who have responded favorably to chemotherapy is limited.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old man was diagnosed with jejunal carcinoma with multiple peritoneal metastases. After implanting an expandable metallic stent at the primary site, the patient underwent 6 months of FOLFOX therapy, resulting in a clinical complete response. Chemotherapy was continued, and four years after the initiation of therapy, the patient showed no evidence of disease progression. Nevertheless, anemia of continuous minor hemorrhages from the stent site and general malaise of chemotherapy got progressively worse during treatment. After confirming negative ascites cytology and the absence of peritoneal metastasis via staging laparoscopy, the patient underwent partial jejunectomy. Pathologically, no residual tumor was detected in the resected specimen. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient remained free of recurrence for 30 months after surgery without chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Although infrequent, conversion surgery may be a valid therapeutic option for selected cases of SBC with peritoneal metastasis.
The influence of outcome expectancy on interpretation bias training in social anxiety: an experimental pilot study
Authors: Frommelt Tonya , Traykova Milena , Platt Belinda , Wittekind Charlotte E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) trainings have shown positive effects on interpretation bias in both active interpretation bias training conditions and structurally similar control conditions. Outcome expectations have been suggested to contribute to these placebo effects. The goal of this pilot experimental study was to test the feasibility of positive expectancy induction, to gain preliminary insight into whether this has implications for the efficacy of CBM-I training, and to assess the feasibility of recruitment and the overall study design.

Methods
Socially anxious individuals aged 18 years and older received a single session (approx. 45 min) of either CBM-I or placebo training preceded by either a positive expectancy induction or no expectancy induction. We first tested whether the expectancy induction had modified participants’ expectations of training. We then explored the effects of CBM-I training and expectancy induction on interpretation bias. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of recruitment and further study procedures.

Results
Due to pandemic-related difficulties, fewer participants were recruited than initially planned. Thirty-four (22 females and 12 males) participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (interpretation bias training + high expectancy = 10, interpretation bias training + no expectancy = 8, placebo training + high expectancy = 11, placebo training + no expectancy = 5). Participants in the positive expectancy condition had more positive expectations of the training (CBM-I or placebo) than participants in the no expectancy condition. We were unable to conduct the planned 2 × 2 × 2 analysis of interpretation bias due to the small sample size. When looking at these groups individually, we found that participants in the active training condition and participants in the high expectancy condition showed increases in positive interpretation bias and decreases in negative interpretation bias from pre- to post-training, while participants in the placebo and no expectancy conditions showed no change.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the expectancy manipulation utilized in this study may be adopted by future studies which investigate outcome expectations as an unspecific mechanism of CBM-I. Preliminary analyses suggest that participants’ expectations are likely to play a role in the effect of CBM-I training, although these effects require replication in a larger sample. Several observations about the study feasibility were made which could inform future trials.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered on the August 23, 2022, through the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00029768).
Will the gap ever be bridged? A cross-national comparison of non-native students’ educational achievements
Authors: Porcu Mariano , Sulis Isabella , Usala Cristian , Giambona Francesca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA crucial element in evaluating the success of immigrant integration policies is to compare the school performances of immigrant students with that of natives. According to large-scale international assessments, immigrant students tend to underperform their native peers even after controlling for socioeconomic conditions, with relevant differences depending on countries’ migration histories. This article analyses the evolution in the skills gap between native students and students with an immigrant background by comparing traditional (France, Germany, and the United Kingdom) and new immigration countries (Italy and Spain) using data collected from the Program for International Student Assessment survey from 2009 to 2018. We model students’ learning outcomes in mathematics and reading in a multilevel setting by clustering students at the high school level. This approach allows us to compare countries’ relative performances concerning the immigrant integration process by accounting for the role played by high schools and students’ backgrounds. Results show that the differences between native and immigrant students in both sets of countries are narrowing but still present.
Provocative mesenteric angiography for occult gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review
Authors: Hegde Siddhi , Sutphin Patrick D. , Zurkiya Omar , Kalva Sanjeeva P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOccult gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a challenge for physicians to diagnose and treat. A systematic literature search of the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted up to January 1, 2023. Eligible studies included primary research studies with patients undergoing provocative mesenteric angiography (PMA) for diagnosis or localization of occult GIB. Twenty-seven articles (230 patients) were included in the review. Most patients (64.8%) presented with lower GIB. The average positivity rate for provocative angiography was 48.7% (58% with heparin and 46.7% in thrombolytics). Embolization was performed in 46.4% of patients, and surgical management was performed in 37.5%. Complications were rare. PMA can be an important diagnostic and treatment tool but studies with high-level evidence and standardized protocols are needed to establish its safety and optimal use.
Series of fast reperfusion with simultaneous proximal and distal aspiration in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Zahner Jule , Lausberg Nora , Schott Peter , Haage Patrick , Freyhardt Patrick , Feyen Ludger 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Various endovascular techniques for the recanalization of large vessel occlusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke have been established. In this series a combined distal and proximal aspiration technique was used as a novel approach. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether this technique achieves reperfusion faster and if embolization in distal territories can be reduced.

Results
The success of the treatment was dependent on the localization of the clot. Fast reperfusion was achieved in all patients when the clot was located at the level of the middle cerebral artery. Aspiration failed when the vessel occlusion was located at the level of the carotid-T and subsequent rescue treatment was performed. Median groin puncture to reperfusion time was 20 min (range 9–66). No Embolization to new territories (ENT) and no intracerebral hemorrhage were observed. One patient died. In all other patients favorable neurological outcome was observed as measured by a modified Rankin score at discharge (mRS 0, range 0–1).

Conclusion
Simultaneous proximal and distal aspiration appears to be fast and effective. Furthermore, it reliably prevented ENT in patients with vessel occlusion at the level of the middle cerebral artery in a small cohort.
A step in the right direction: exploring the effects of aerobic exercise on HbA1c reduction
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Koneru Yogitha Chowdary , Zimmerman Holden , Kanagala Sai Gautham , Milne Indigo , Sethi Anirudh , Jain Rohit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiabetes has become a serious health concern for the global population. An estimated 643 million people will have type 2 diabetes mellitus by the year 2030. A sedentary lifestyle is one of the important risk factors along with obesity, hypertension, and diet. Exercise improves blood glucose levels and reduces glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Physical aerobic exercise utilizes energy stored in the form of ATP and helps to burn stored fat. The process of muscular contraction during a physical workout controls the mechanisms responsible for improving blood glucose levels. These involve complex pathways that ultimately increase the uptake of blood glucose, improve insulin sensitivity and blood flow, and optimize the functioning of the endocrine pancreas. An overall reduction in HbA1C can be achieved through the interplay of all these pathways.
Bead Mill-driven Acceleration of Catalytic Methanolysis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Kawase Tomoya , Ishitani Haruro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigated the depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into its monomer dimethyl terephthalate with the assistance of pulverization using bead-milling technology. The results of this study revealed pulverization conditions under which catalytic methanolysis proceeded at &lt;90 °C. The suitable selection of milling media and solvents was important for efficient methanolysis. The results suggested the contribution of low-molecular-weight PET, generated through ZrO2-mediated bead milling.
The Impact of Government Interventions on COVID-19 Spread and Consumer Spending
Authors: Zhao Nan , Yao Song , Thomadsen Raphael , Wang Chong Bo 
Published: August 2023

We examine the impact of government interventions on the spread of COVID-19 and consumer spending. We do this by first estimating models of COVID-19 spread, consumer spending, and social distancing in the United States during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing has a large effect on reducing COVID-19 spread and is responsive to national and local case numbers. Nonmask government interventions reduce COVID-19 spread, whereas the effectiveness of mask mandates is much smaller and statistically insignificant. Mask mandates tend to increase social distancing, as do nonmask governmental restrictions as a whole. Social distancing hurts spending in the absence of a mask mandate but has a negligible effect on spending if there is a mask mandate. Mask mandates have a direct effect of increasing spending in counties with high levels of social distancing while reducing spending in counties with low levels of social distancing. We use these three estimated models to calculate the effect of mask mandates and other governmental interventions on COVID-19 cases, deaths, and consumer spending. Implemented mask mandates decreased COVID-19 cases by a statistically insignificant 774,000 cases, saving 28,000 lives, over a four-month period, but led to $76B–$155B of additional consumer spending. Other nonmask governmental interventions that were implemented reduced the number of COVID-19 cases by 34M, saving 1,230,000 lives, while reducing consumer spending by approximately $470B–$703B over our 4-month period of the study. Thus, these restrictions were cost effective as long as one values each saved life at $387,000–$608,000 or more. This paper was accepted by Matt Shum, marketing. Supplemental Material: The data is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4853 .
A nurse led cauda equina service: a quality improvement project
Authors: Stewart Trudy , Hogan-Tricks Michelle 
Published: August 2023

Background: People with cauda equina syndrome (CES) often experience bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction, which can result in short to significant issues. It was recognised in the authors' hospital that the post-operative follow-up and management of CES complications was inconsistent for CES patients. Consequently, a nurse led cauda equina service was developed using a quality improvement framework that focused on enhancing the post-operative care and the support these patients receive both in hospital and following discharge. Aim: To evaluate this 2-year long nurse led CES service to identify areas of success and improvement. Results: In this particular hospital, there was a yearly increase in CES patients (46 patients in 2020 and 59 patients in 2021), with many patients left with some degree of bladder (26%), bowel (30%) and sexual (24%) dysfunction. Conclusion: It is clear that the nurse led cauda equina service has improved the process for managing patients with CES post-surgery.
Evaluation of Xpert MTB/XDR test for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first and second-line drugs in Uganda
Authors: Katamba Achilles , Ssengooba Willy , Sserubiri James , Semugenze Derrick , Kasule George William , Nyombi Abdunoor , Byaruhanga Raymond , Turyahabwe Stavia , Joloba Moses L. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is one of the major challenges to TB control.

Design and methods
This was a blinded, laboratory-based cross-sectional study using sputum samples or culture isolates. Samples were from patients with rifampicin-resistant—TB and/or with high risk for isoniazid (INH) resistance and/or 2nd line fluoroquinolones (FQ) and injectable agents (IAs). The diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert® MTB/XDR test was compared to MGIT960 and the Hain Genotype® MTBDRplus and MDRsl assays (LPA) as reference DST methods. Factors for laboratory uptake of the Xpert® MTB/XDR test were also evaluated.

Results
Of the 100 stored sputum samples included in this study, 65/99 (65.6%) were resistant to INH, 5/100 (5.0%) were resistant to FQ and none were resistant to IAs using MGIT960. The sensitivity and specificity, n (%; 95% Confidence Interval, CI) of Xpert® MTB/XDR test for; INH was 58 (89.2; 79.1–95.5) and 30 (88.2; 72.5–96.6) and for FQ; 4 (80.0; 28.3–99.4) and 95 (100; 96.2–100), respectively. Using LPA as a reference standard, a total of 52/98 (53.1%) were resistant to INH, 3/100 (3.0%) to FQ, and none to IA. The sensitivity and specificity, n (%; 95%CI) of Xpert® MTB/XDR test compared to LPA for; INH was 50 (96.1; 86.7–99.5) and 34 (74.0; 58.8–85.7) for FQ 3 (100; 29.2–100) and 96 (99.0; 94.3–99.9) respectively. The factors for laboratory uptake and roll-out of the Xpert® MTB/XDR test included: no training needed for technicians with, and one day for those without, previous Xpert-ultra experience, recording and reporting needs were not different from those of Xpert-ultra, the error rate was 4/100 (4%), one (1%) indeterminate rate and test turn-around-time were 1hr/45 minutes.

Conclusion
There is high sensitivity and specificity of Xpert® MTB/XDR test for isoniazid and fluoroquinolones. There are acceptable Xpert® MTB/XDR test attributes for the test uptake and roll-out.