bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate—dependent metabolic reprogramming induces skeletal muscle atrophy during cancer cachexia
Authors: Zhu Xinting , Hao Juan , Zhang Hong , Chi Mengyi , Wang Yaxian , Huang Jinlu , Xu Rong , Xincai Zhao , Xin Bo , Sun Xipeng , Zhang Jianping , Zhou Shumin , Cheng Dongdong , Yuan Ting , Ding Jun , Zheng Shuier , Guo Cheng , Yang Quanjun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCancer cachexia is characterized by weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. Based on the up-regulation of catabolism and down-regulation of anabolism, here we showed genetic mutation-mediated metabolic reprogramming in the progression of cancer cachexia by screening for metabolites and investigating their direct effect on muscle atrophy. Treatment with 93 μM D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) resulted in reduced myotube width and increased expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutant patients had higher D2HG than non-mutant patients. In the in vivo murine cancer cachexia model, mutant IDH1 in CT26 cancer cells accelerated cachexia progression and worsened overall survival. Transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed a distinct D2HG-induced metabolic imbalance. Treatment with the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib delayed the progression of cancer cachexia in murine GL261 glioma model and CT26 colorectal carcinoma models. These data demonstrate the contribution of IDH1 mutation mediated D2HG accumulation to the progression of cancer cachexia and highlight the individualized treatment of IDH1 mutation associated cancer cachexia.
Anomaly detection speed-up by quantum restricted Boltzmann machines
Authors: Moro Lorenzo , Prati Enrico 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuantum machine learning promises to revolutionize traditional machine learning by efficiently addressing hard tasks for classical computation. While claims of quantum speed-up have been announced for gate-based quantum computers and photon-based boson samplers, demonstration of an advantage by adiabatic quantum annealers (AQAs) is open. Here we quantify the computational cost and the performance of restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs), a widely investigated machine learning model, by classical and quantum annealing. Despite the lower computational complexity of the quantum RBM being lost due to physical implementation overheads, a quantum speed-up may arise as a reduction by orders of magnitude of the computational time. By employing real-world cybersecurity datasets, we observe that the negative phase on sufficiently challenging tasks is computed up to 64 times faster by AQAs during the exploitation phase. Therefore, although a quantum speed-up highly depends on the problem’s characteristics, it emerges in existing hardware on real-world data.
300-Gbps optical interconnection using neural-network based silicon microring modulator
Authors: Hu Fangchen , Zhang Yuguang , Zhang Hongguang , Li Zhongya , Xing Sizhe , Shi Jianyang , Zhang Junwen , Xiao Xi , Chi Nan , He Zhixue , Yu Shaohua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSilicon microring modulators (Si-MRM) are critical components for high-performance electro-optical (E-O) signal conversion at optical interconnections due to their ultrawide bandwidth. However, the current transmission speed at the interconnections is still limited to 240 Gbps because of the low spectral-efficiency, as a result of the inherent modulation nonlinearity of Si-MRMs. Here, we theoretically analyse the modulation nonlinearity of a depletion-mode Si-MRM. Based on the analytical results, we further propose a physics-inspired neural network, named as bidirectional gate recurrent unit (Bi-GRU) to mitigate the signal distortion in Si-MRMs. Bi-GRU matches the analytical E-O modulation dynamics within Si-MRMs, thus can accurately capture the impairment features and accelerate the data transmission speed. We then fabricate a Si-MRM with −3dB E-O bandwidth of 42.5 GHz, achieving an ultrahigh speed optical interconnection with a data rate of 302 Gbps. The maximum spectral-efficiency of modulated signals is improved to 5.20 bit/s/Hz. The results provide insights to develop ultrahigh-speed Si-MRM using emerging AI techniques.
Voltage rise rate‐related generalised probabilistic lifetime model of turn‐to‐turn insulation in inverter‐fed motors
Authors: Yang Yan , Bai Xueyang , Lei Yuxing , Liu Kai , Wu Guangning 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe lifetime model of turn‐to‐turn insulation in inverter‐fed motors is studied. A lifetime model has been built by considering the effect of inverter‐generated high voltage rise rate (dv/dt up to 20 V/ns). This model is followed by the generalised probabilistic model, in which the lifetime is proportional to the nth power of the voltage rise rate. Moreover, by investigating the effect of voltage rise rate on the partial discharge characteristics, it is found that the effect of voltage rise rate on the charge transport process in a voltage cycle is similar to that of the voltage amplitude. The enhanced partial discharge activity and induced charges are responsible for accelerated ageing and thus determine the final lifetime of turn‐to‐turn insulation. In this case, the generalised probabilistic electric lifetime model is applicable to the voltage rise rate as well as the voltage amplitude.
General theory of data, artificial intelligence and governance
Authors: de Pedraza Pablo , Vollbracht Ian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBig Data (BD) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) play a fundamental role in today’s economy that traditional economic models fail to capture. This paper presents a theoretical conceptualisation of the data economy and derives implications for digital governance and data policies. It defines a hypothetical data-intensive economy where data are the main input of AI and in which the amount of knowledge generated is below the socially desired amount. Intervention could consist of favouring the creation of additional knowledge via data sharing. We show that the framework suggested describes many features of today’s data-intensive economy and provides a tool to assist academic, policy and governance discussions. Our conclusions support data sharing as a way of increasing knowledge production on societal challenges and dilemmas of data capitalism and transparency in AI.
Cloud cover and expected oil returns
Authors: Hao Xianfeng , Wang Yudong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSatellites can “sense” oil inventory, but cloud cover prevents observation, which reduces the flow of information into the oil market and creates uncertainty about information availability. The effects of the availability of such information on oil prices need to be thoroughly explored. Therefore, using time-series prediction, this paper examines the effects of the availability of satellite-based information on oil returns. The cloud cover above the floating roof tanks in major oil storage areas is measured to predict oil returns through regression approaches. The empirical results indicate that higher cloudiness in a week leads to lower oil returns in the following week. The predictive ability of cloudiness is significant from both in-sample and out-of-sample perspectives. The ability of cloudiness measures to predict oil returns can be explained by information uncertainty and information flow channels. The findings have important implications for asset pricing and risk management using big data.
Effects of rapid cold-hardening and cold acclimation on egg survival and cryoprotectant contents in Ceracris kiangsu (Orthoptera: Arcypteridae)
Authors: Zhao Qian , Zhu Dao-Hong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The bamboo grasshopper, Ceracris kiangsu Tsai, is a serious pest of bamboo in China and Southeast Asia, and it overwinters as eggs for a period of up to 9 mo. Despite its importance, cold tolerance has not been thoroughly examined in this species. Thus, the present study investigated the low-temperature tolerance of overwintering eggs collected in the field, particularly the effects of rapid cold-hardening (RCH) and cold acclimation (ACC) on egg survival, and changes in the cryoprotectant contents. The supercooling point of overwintering eggs collected from the field was −23.9 °C, and their survival rate after exposure to −22 °C for 6 h was 26.6%, thereby suggesting that the cold tolerance strategy employed by C. kiangsu is freeze avoidance. After exposure to 0 and 4 °C for 12 and 24 h, or 0, 4, and 8 °C for 5 days, the survival rate of eggs subjected to −22 °C increased to approximately 50%, with significant effects of RCH and ACC. The glycerol levels in RCH and ACC treated eggs were also significantly higher than those in the control group, but the protein and trehalose contents were either reduced or not significantly altered. These results indicate that glycerol functions as a low molecular weight cryoprotectant in C. kiangsu eggs, and that RCH and ACC treatment facilitate its accumulation, thereby enhancing cold tolerance. Furthermore, the correlation between RCH and ACC was investigated.
The effectiveness of community-based palliative care programme components: a systematic review
Authors: Hughes M Courtney , Vernon Erin , Hainstock Allison 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
There is evidence that community-based palliative care programmes can improve patient outcomes and caregiver experiences cost-effectively. However, little is known about which specific components within these programmes contribute to improving the outcomes.

Aim
To systematically review research that evaluates the effectiveness of community-based palliative care components.

Design
A systematic mixed studies review synthesising quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods study findings using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PROSPERO: ID # CRD42022302305.

Data sources
Four databases were searched in August 2021 (CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest Federated and PubMed including MEDLINE) and a close review of included article references. Inclusion criteria required articles to evaluate a single, specific component of a community-based palliative care programme either within an individual programme or across several programmes.

Results
Overall, a total of 1,674 articles were identified, with 57 meeting the inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, 21 were qualitative, 25 were quantitative and 11 had mixed methods. Outcome measures consistently examined included patient/caregiver satisfaction, hospital utilisation and home deaths. The components of standardised sessions (interdisciplinary meetings about patients), volunteer engagement and early intervention contributed to the success of community-based palliative care programmes.

Conclusions
Certain components of community-based palliative care programmes are effective. Such components should be implemented and tested more in low- and middle-income countries and key and vulnerable populations such as lower-income and marginalised racial or ethnic groups. In addition, more research is needed on the cost-effectiveness of individual programme components.
Interventions for reducing anticholinergic medication burden in older adults—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Braithwaite Eve , Todd Oliver M , Atkin Abigail , Hulatt Rachel , Tadrous Ragy , Alldred David P , Pirmohamed Munir , Walker Lauren , Lawton Rebecca , Clegg Andrew 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Anticholinergic medications block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain and peripheral nervous system. Many medications have anticholinergic properties, and the cumulative effect of these medications is termed anticholinergic burden. Increased anticholinergic burden can have short-term side effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision and urinary retention as well as long-term effects including dementia, worsening physical function and falls.

Methods
We carried out a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis (MA) looking at randomised controlled trials addressing interventions to reduce anticholinergic burden in older adults.

Results
We identified seven papers suitable for inclusion in our SR and MA. Interventions included multi-disciplinary involvement in medication reviews and deprescribing of AC medications. Pooled data revealed no significant difference in outcomes between control and intervention group for falls (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.52–1.11, n = 647), cognition (mean difference = 1.54, 95% CI: −0.04 to 3.13, n = 405), anticholinergic burden (mean difference = 0.04, 95% CI: −0.11 to 0.18, n = 710) or quality of life (mean difference = 0.04, 95% CI: −0.04 to 0.12, n = 461).

Discussion
Overall, there was no significant difference with interventions to reduce anticholinergic burden. As we did not see a significant change in anticholinergic burden scores following interventions, it is likely other outcomes would not change. Short follow-up time and lack of training and support surrounding successful deprescribing may have contributed.
‘Auspicious liaisons’—evaluating the impact of a liaison geriatrician initiative on older adults psychiatric wards
Authors: Swann Peter , Tolley Abraham , Paschalis Theodoros , Zahedi Daniel , Wong Heng C , Kirthisingha Viveca , Ruiz-Mendoza Eladia , Rubinsztein Judy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Although liaison services in acute hospitals are now the norm, the reverse is not usually available for patients in mental health trusts. Following the introduction of support from geriatricians to older people’s mental health inpatient wards, we wanted to see if this intervention was effective and acceptable to clinicians.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort service evaluation on the impact of a liaison geriatrician, using routinely collected data, and assessed acceptability among medical staff by semi-structured interview.

Intervention
Our service introduced regular sessions from consultant community geriatricians across older adults psychiatric wards including a mixture of video conference and face-to-face input.

Results
There was no significant decrease in emergency transfers but there was a significant reduction in length of stay with an associated cost benefit for the service after the introduction of a liaison geriatrician. There was a significant increase in geriatrician consultations and a decrease in specialty consultations to other specialists. There was no change in discharge prescriptions or destination. There was a significant reduction in falls in the intervention arm but not in falls leading to emergency hospital admissions geriatricians gave confidence to psychiatrists of all grades to treat physical health care issues.

Conclusions
A liaison geriatrician service may be a component in reducing length of stay (although there are many others) and improving continuity of care, although it confers no impact on emergency transfers. The intervention was highly acceptable to clinicians.
Physical compatibility of sulbactam/durlobactam with select intravenous drugs during simulated Y-site administration
Authors: Ruiz Victor H , Shen Yuwei , Abouelhassan Yasmeen , Fouad Aliaa , Nicolau David P , Kuti Joseph L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Sulbactam/durlobactam is a combination antibiotic designed to target Acinetobacter baumannii, including carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant strains. The objective of this study was to determine the physical compatibility of sulbactam/durlobactam solution during simulated Y-site administration with 95 intravenous (IV) drugs.

Methods
Vials of sulbactam/durlobactam solution were diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride injection to a volume of 100 mL (the final concentration of both drugs was 15 mg/mL). All other IV drugs were reconstituted according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride injection to the upper range of concentrations used clinically or tested undiluted as intended for administration. Y-site conditions were simulated by mixing 5 mL of sulbactam/durlobactam with 5 mL of the tested drug solutions in a 1:1 ratio. Solutions were inspected for physical characteristics (clarity, color, and Tyndall effect), turbidity, and pH changes before admixture, immediately post admixture, and over 4 hours. Incompatibility was defined as any observed precipitation, significant color change, positive Tyndall test, or turbidity change of ≥0.5 nephelometric turbidity unit during the observation period.

Results
Sulbactam/durlobactam was physically compatible with 38 out of 42 antimicrobials tested (90.5%) and compatible overall with 86 of 95 drugs tested (90.5%). Incompatibility was observed with albumin, amiodarone hydrochloride, ceftaroline fosamil, ciprofloxacin, daptomycin, levofloxacin, phenytoin sodium, vecuronium, and propofol.

Conclusion
The Y-site compatibility of sulbactam/durlobactam with 95 IV drugs was described. These compatibility data will assist pharmacists and nurses to safely coordinate administration of IV medications with sulbactam/durlobactam.
Promoting Minority Language Use to Foster Revitalisation: Insights From New Speakers of West Frisian
Authors: Kircher Ruth , Kutlu Ethan , Vellinga Mirjam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Language planners are increasingly aware of the importance of new speakers (individuals acquiring a language outside the home, typically later-on in life) for the revitalisation of minority languages. Yet, little is known about new speakers’ activation (the process by which they become active and habitual minority language users). This article presents a questionnaire-based investigation of new speakers’ (n = 264) use of West Frisian in Fryslân, Netherlands—and the role traditional speakers play in new speakers’ activation. Qualitative and quantitative data show that participants use West Frisian only rarely; and when they do use it, it is mainly in the classroom. Minority language interactions outside the classroom, with traditional speakers, consist mostly of a few tokenistic words or phrases. The findings show to what extent different behaviours by traditional speakers discourage and/or encourage new speakers’ minority language use, highlighting how the complex dynamics between the speaker groups are hindering revitalisation efforts. The article discusses the implications of these findings for language planning to promote the activation of new speakers, and thereby the revitalisation of West Frisian.
A Call for Methodological Reflexivity in Researching Language Testing and Migration
Authors: Schildt Laura , Deygers Bart 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A growing scholarly literature in a subfield of applied linguistics focuses on language testing and language requirements for migrants. We sought to understand what theoretical paradigms and methodological approaches have framed this research and propose future research directions. To this end, we conducted a systematic review of articles on language testing and migration published between 2001 and 2022 in the applied linguistics field. For each of the 46 studies which met inclusion/exclusion criteria, we randomly selected a control article from the same journals. Both the test corpus and the control corpus were double coded for theoretical and methodological characteristics and analysed using contingency tables, Mann–Whitney tests, and forward stepwise logistic regression to predict group membership. The findings revealed that literature on language testing and migration is highly reliant on critical theory and less reliant on features associated with empirical methods. We suggest that research in this domain would benefit from methodological reflexivity (i.e. questioning prevalent assumptions and employing theoretical variety) and that complementary approaches could lead to a more nuanced research consensus and promote research-policy collaboration.
Management of Lipedema Beyond Liposuction: A Case Study
Authors: Bouillon Victoria N , Hinson Chandler S , Hu MengJie , Brooks Ronald M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Lipedema is a pathologic accumulation of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer of the extremities. This connective tissue disorder, which predominately affects females, is often misdiagnosed despite an incidence of ∼11%. Misdiagnosis often leads to delays in appropriate treatment, further increasing the morbidity of the condition. The authors report their facilities' experience in treating a patient with lipedema, requiring multiple surgical interventions involving liposuction and skin debulking to achieve desired aesthetic outcomes. The patient presented to the plastic surgery clinic with severe lipedema of the bilateral lower extremities. She previously underwent a panniculectomy and bilateral lower extremity liposuction without achieving the desired aesthetic results. Prior conservative management and liposuction alone were both unsuccessful treatment options and she required debulking procedures, along with further liposuction, as definitive management. The patient underwent 2 procedures at the clinic, both consisting of liposuction and panniculectomy of the lower extremities and buttocks. The procedures were conducted 1 year apart but were able to achieve the patient's desired aesthetics goals. Management of lipedema can be challenging, but not impossible. This case report shows that local excision is a viable option for treatment if minimally invasive options yield limited results.

Level of Evidence: 5
Adaptive differentiable grids for cryo-electron tomography reconstruction and denoising
Authors: Wang Yuanhao , Idoughi Ramzi , Rückert Darius , Li Rui , Heidrich Wolfgang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Tilt-series cryo-electron tomography is a powerful tool widely used in structural biology to study 3D structures of micro-organisms, macromolecular complexes, etc. Still, the reconstruction process remains an arduous task due to several challenges: The missing-wedge acquisition, sample misalignment and motion, the need to process large data, and, especially, a low signal-to-noise ratio.

Results
Inspired by the recently introduced neural representations, we propose an adaptive learning-based representation of the density field of the captured sample. This representation consists of an octree structure, where each node represents a 3D density grid optimized from the captured projections during the training process. This optimization is performed using a loss that combines a differentiable image formation model with different regularization terms: total variation, boundary consistency, and a cross-nodes non-local constraint. The final reconstruction is obtained by interpolating the learned density grid at the desired voxel positions. The evaluation of our approach using captured data of viruses and cells shows that our proposed representation is well adapted to handle missing wedges, and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed tomogram. The reconstruction quality is highly improved in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods, while using the lowest computing time footprint.

Availability and implementation
The code is available on Github at https://github.com/yuanhaowang1213/adaptivediffgrid_ex.