bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric admissions with SARS-CoV-2 during the Delta and Omicron waves: an Australian single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Cheng Daryl R , Schrader Silja , McMinn Alissa , Crawford Nigel W , Tosif Shidan , Mcnab Sarah , Steer Andrew C 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe clinical course of Australian children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection is not well understood, particularly over the Omicron period.MethodsThis study describes paediatric admissions to a single tertiary paediatric institution through the Delta and Omicron variant waves. All children admitted from 1 June 2021 to 30 September 2022 with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection were included for analysis.Results117 patients were admitted during the Delta wave compared with 737 during the Omicron wave. The median length of stay was 3.3 days (IQR 1.7–6.75.1) during Delta, compared with 2.1 days (IQR 1.1–3.4) during Omicron (p<0.01). 83 patients (9.7%) required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, a greater proportion during Delta (20, 17.1%) than Omicron (63, 8.6%, p<0.01). Patients admitted to the ICU were less likely to have received a dose of COVID-19 vaccination prior to admission than patients admitted to the ward (8, 24.2% vs 154, 45.8%, p=0.028).ConclusionThe Omicron wave resulted in an absolute increase in the number of children compared with Delta, but cases had lower severity, demonstrated by shorter length of stay and a smaller proportion of patients requiring intensive care. This is consistent with US and UK data describing a similar pattern.
Association between serum uric acid/serum creatinine ratios and lung function in the general American population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007–2012
Authors: Wen Jun , Wei Chengcheng , Giri Mohan , Zhuang Rongjuan , Shuliang Guo 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAssessment of lung function is essential for the early screening chronic airway diseases (CADs). Nevertheless, it is still not widely used for early diagnosing CADs in epidemiological or primary care settings. Thus, we used data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to discuss the relationship between the serum uric acid/serum creatinine (SUA/SCr) ratio and lung function in general adults to gain the role of SUA/SCr in early assessment of lung function abnormalities.MethodsFrom 2007 to 2012 NHANES, a total of 9569 people were included in our study. Using the regression model, XGBoost algorithm model, generalised linear model and two-piecewise linear regression model, the link between the SUA/SCr ratio and lung function was investigated.ResultsAfter correcting for confounding variables, the data revealed that forced vital capacity (FVC) declined by 47.630 and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) decreased by 36.956 for each additional unit of SUA/SCr ratio. However, there was no association between SUA/SCr and FEV1/FVC. In the XGBoost model of FVC, the top five most important were glycohaemoglobin, total bilirubin, SUA/SCr, total cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase, whereas in FEV1, were glycohaemoglobin, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, SUA/SCr and serum calcium. In addition, we determined the linear and inverse association between SUA/SCr ratio and FVC or FEV1 by constructing a smooth curve.ConclusionsIn the general American population, the SUA/SCr ratio is inversely linked with FVC and FEV1, but not with FEV1/FVC, according to our research. Future studies should investigate the impact of SUA/SCr on lung function and identify possible mechanisms of action.
Long-term functional outcomes improved with deep brain stimulation in patients with disorders of consciousness
Authors: Yang Yi , He Qiheng , Dang Yuanyuan , Xia Xiaoyu , Xu Xin , Chen Xueling , Zhao Jizong , He Jianghong 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) has been preliminarily applied to treat patients with disorders of consciousness (DoCs). The study aimed to determine whether DBS was effective for treating patients with DoC and identify factors related to patients’ outcomes.MethodsData from 365 patients with DoCs who were consecutively admitted from 15 July 2011 to 31 December 2021 were retrospectively analysed. Multivariate regression and subgroup analysis were performed to adjust for potential confounders. The primary outcome was improvement in consciousness at 1 year.ResultsAn overall improvement in consciousness at 1 year was achieved in 32.4% (12/37) of the DBS group compared with 4.3% (14/328) of the conservative group. After full adjustment, DBS significantly improved consciousness at 1 year (adjusted OR 11.90, 95% CI 3.65–38.46, p<0.001). There was a significant treatment×follow up interaction (H=14.99, p<0.001). DBS had significantly better effects in patients with minimally conscious state (MCS) compared with patients with vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (p for interaction <0.001). A nomogram based on age, state of consciousness, pathogeny and duration of DoCs indicated excellent predictive performance (c-index=0.882).ConclusionsDBS was associated with better outcomes in patients with DoC, and the effect was likely to be significantly greater in patients with MCS. DBS should be cautiously evaluated by nomogram preoperatively, and randomised controlled trials are still needed.
FRACTAL INTERPOLATION ALGORITHMS FOR COMPLEX CURVES AND SURFACES
Authors: DAI ZHONG , LIU SHUTANG 
Published: March 2023

This paper provides a new idea for interpolating complex curves and surfaces by fractal interpolation. A type of bivariate fractal interpolation functions with function vertical scaling factors for the special interpolation data set is presented. The interpolation algorithm is proposed for complex curves by contour lines of two types of fractal interpolation functions which are proposed by this paper and Navascués et al. [Construction of fractal surfaces, Fractals 28(2) (2020) 2050033], respectively. Meanwhile, some properties of the interpolation algorithm are introduced. Then, the two classes of fractal interpolation functions are extended to the cases of trivariate functions. We also introduce the interpolation algorithm for complex surfaces based on iso-surfaces of fractal interpolation functions constructed. Finally, several examples are provided.
Kolmogorov bounds in the CLT of the LSE for Gaussian Ornstein Uhlenbeck processes
Authors: Balde Maoudo Faramba , Belfadli Rachid , Es-Sebaiy Khalifa 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we consider the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process defined as solution to the equation [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a Gaussian process with stationary increments, whereas [Formula: see text] is unknown parameter to be estimated. We provide an upper bound in Kolmogorov distance for normal approximation of the least squares estimator [Formula: see text] of the drift parameter [Formula: see text] on the basis of the continuous observation [Formula: see text], as [Formula: see text]. Our approach is based on some novel estimates involving a combination of Malliavin calculus and Stein’s method for normal approximation. We apply our result to fractional OU processes of the first kind, and improved the upper bound of the Kolmogorov distance for the LSE [Formula: see text] provided by [Y. Chen, N. Kuang and Y. Li, Berry–Esseen bound for the parameter estimation of fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes, Stoch. Dyn. 20(4) (2020) 2050023; Y. Chen and Y. Li, Berry–Esseen bound for the parameter estimation of fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes with the hurst parameter [Formula: see text], Commun. Stat. Theory Methods 50(13) (2021) 2996–3013], respectively, in the cases [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We also apply our approach to fractional OU processes of the second kind.
Ablation of p57+ Quiescent Cancer Stem Cells Suppresses Recurrence after Chemotherapy of Intestinal Tumors
Authors: Oka Takeru , Higa Tsunaki , Sugahara Osamu , Koga Daisuke , Nakayama Shogo , Nakayama Keiichi I. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Quiescent cancer stem cells (CSC) are resistant to conventional anticancer treatments and have been shown to contribute to disease relapse after therapy in some cancer types. The identification and characterization of quiescent CSCs could facilitate the development of strategies to target this cell population and block recurrence. Here, we established a syngeneic orthotopic transplantation model in mice based on intestinal cancer organoids to profile quiescent CSCs. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the primary tumors formed in vivo revealed that conventional Lgr5high intestinal CSCs comprise both actively and slowly cycling subpopulations, the latter of which specifically expresses the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57. Tumorigenicity assays and lineage tracing experiments showed that the quiescent p57+ CSCs contribute in only a limited manner to steady-state tumor growth but they are chemotherapy resistant and drive posttherapeutic cancer recurrence. Ablation of p57+ CSCs suppressed intestinal tumor regrowth after chemotherapy. Together, these results shed light on the heterogeneity of intestinal CSCs and reveal p57+ CSCs as a promising therapeutic target for malignant intestinal cancer.

Significance:
A quiescent p57+ subpopulation of intestinal CSCs is resistant to chemotherapy and can be targeted to effectively suppress the recurrence of intestinal cancer.
The GPER Agonist LNS8801 Induces Mitotic Arrest and Apoptosis in Uveal Melanoma Cells
Authors: Ambrosini Grazia , Natale Christopher A. , Musi Elgilda , Garyantes Tina , Schwartz Gary K. 
Published: March 2023

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults and has a high incidence of metastatic disease. Current treatments have shown limited clinical activity in patients with uveal melanoma with metastasis and there is an urgent need for new effective therapies. Recent findings have shown that women with uveal melanoma have better survival rates than men. The G protein–coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER) has distinct functions from those of the classic estrogen receptors ERα/β and its activation by specific agonists has tumor-suppressive roles in several cancers. However, the role of GPER had not previously been investigated in uveal melanoma. We demonstrated that downregulation of GPER in uveal melanoma cells decreased expression of p53 and stimulated cell growth. In contrast, the clinical GPER agonist, LNS8801, upregulated p53 and p21, induced melanocytic differentiation markers, inhibited cell proliferation and cell migration, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, LNS8801 treatment arrested the cells in G2–M-phase of the cell cycle with concomitant activation of mitotic markers and disruption of the mitotic spindle apparatus. LNS8801 significantly inhibited tumor growth of uveal melanoma xenografts in vivo, suggesting that GPER agonists may be a novel treatment for uveal melanoma.Significance:Current treatments against metastatic uveal melanoma have shown limited clinical activity and there is an urgent need for effective therapies. Here, we demonstrate that the GPER agonist LNS8801 induced both GPER-dependent and GPER-independent effects and elicited potent anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. Our results complement and support the ongoing clinical trial of LNS8801 in advanced uveal melanoma.
Arquivos literários — a vanguarda ativando os meios de conservação
Authors: Barbosa Aline Leal , Cardoso Marília Rothier 
Published: March 2023

Na esteira das reflexões sobre o centenário da Semana de Arte Moderna, observam-se algumas das principais instituições de guarda de arquivos da literatura brasileira e aponta-se, na iniciativa de sistematizar a conservação de documentos literários, o papel destacado dos líderes do movimento de 1922. Considerando que a noção de patrimônio histórico e artístico tanto quanto a gestão dos bens preservados resultam de ações de modernização material e intelectual das sociedades, traçou-se um percurso pelo IEB-USP, AMLB-FCRB, CEDAE-UNICAMP e AEM-CEL-UFMG[1], cujo momento de abertura correspondeu à recepção de acervos de modernistas, tendo contado com o apoio indispensável dos herdeiros do legado da Semana. Esta visita panorâmica à história da preservação de acervos literários, realizada predominantemente em universidades públicas, tem o propósito de contribuir para a revisão crítica da memória recente como reforço à articulação entre as tarefas de conservar, transformar e inventar.

[1] Essas siglas, indicadoras de instituições de guarda e conservação de arquivos literários, serão referidas, na introdução do artigo, aos nomes, por extenso, das respectivas instituições. Entre as mesmas, apenas o AMLB integra uma fundação do governo federal ligada ao Ministério da Cultura, as demais fazem parte de universidades públicas.
Aortic Valve Calcium in Relation to Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction and Risk of Heart Failure
Authors: Zhu Fang , Kaiser Yannick , Boersma Eric , Bos Daniel , Kavousi Maryam 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The link between (mild) aortic valve calcium (AVC) with subclinical cardiac dysfunction and with risk of heart failure (HF) remains unclear. This research aims to determine the association of computed tomography-assessed AVC with echocardiographic measurements of cardiac dysfunction, and with HF in the general population.

Methods:
We included 2348 participants of the Rotterdam Study cohort (mean age 68.5 years, 52% women), who had AVC measurement between 2003 and 2006, and without history of HF at baseline. Linear regression models were used to explore relationship between AVC and echocardiographic measures at baseline. Participants were followed until December 2016. Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard models were used to assess the association of AVC with incident HF, accounting for death as a competing risk.

Results:
The presence of AVC or greater AVC were associated with larger mean left ventricular mass and larger mean left atrial size. In particular, AVC ≥800 showed a strong association (body surface area indexed left ventricular mass, β coefficient: 22.01; left atrium diameter, β coefficient: 0.17). During a median of 9.8 years follow-up, 182 incident HF cases were identified. After accounting for death events and adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, one-unit larger log (AVC+1) was associated with a 10% increase in the subdistribution hazard of HF (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.03–1.18]), but the presence of AVC was not significantly associated with HF risk in fully adjusted models. Compared with the AVC=0, AVC between 300 and 799 (subdistribution hazard ratio, 2.36 [95% CI, 1.32–4.19]) and AVC ≥800 (subdistribution hazard ratio, 2.54 [95% CI, 1.31–4.90]) were associated with a high risk of HF.

Conclusions:
Presence and high levels of AVC were associated with markers of left ventricular structure, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Larger computed tomography-assessed AVC is an indicative of increased risk for the development of HF.
Hypertension in Primary Aldosteronism Is Initiated by Salt-Induced Increases in Vascular Resistance With Reductions in Cardiac Output
Authors: Kurtz Theodore W. , Morris R. Curtis , Pravenec Michal , Lujan Heidi L. , DiCarlo Stephen E. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Few studies have investigated the hemodynamic mechanism whereby primary aldosteronism causes hypertension. The traditional view holds that hyperaldosteronism initiates hypertension by amplifying salt-dependent increases in cardiac output (CO) by promoting increases in sodium retention and blood volume. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is said to increase only as a secondary consequence of the increased CO and blood pressure. However, mounting evidence indicates that aldosterone can influence multiple pathways regulating vascular tone. We investigated the primary hemodynamic mechanism whereby hyperaldosteronism promotes salt sensitivity and initiation of salt-dependent hypertension.

Methods:
In unilaterally nephrectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats given infusions of aldosterone or vehicle, we used chronically implanted arterial pressure probes and Doppler ultrasonic flow probes to continuously monitor changes in mean arterial pressure, CO, and SVR 24 hours/day, 7 days/week in response to increases in salt intake.

Results:
In vehicle-treated control rats, switching from a low-salt diet to a high-salt diet initiated modest increases in mean arterial pressure by increasing SVR while simultaneously decreasing heart rate and CO. In aldosterone-treated rats compared with control rats, switching from a low-salt diet to a high-salt diet initiated significantly greater increases in mean arterial pressure and SVR and significantly greater decreases in heart rate and CO.

Conclusions:
Aldosterone promoted salt sensitivity and initiation of salt-dependent hypertension by amplifying salt-induced increases in SVR while decreasing CO. Increases in CO are not required for the initiation or maintenance of hypertension. These findings challenge the traditional view of the hemodynamic mechanisms that cause hypertension in primary aldosteronism.
Science and research landscapes across D-8 organization member countries from a historical perspective: The policy context and collective agendas
Authors: Hayatdavoudi Javad , Kaltenbrunner Wolfgang , Costas Rodrigo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Intergovernmental Economic Organizations usually leverage the scientific capacity of their member countries to ensure economic prosperity through consensual science policies. The D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation is an intergovernmental economic forum constituting eight developing Muslim-majority countries with a host of recent initiatives toward encouraging interstate scientific and technological collaborations. This study presents an overview of the forum’s overarching science policies and the research performance in the member countries in the past two decades. The individual D-8 countries’ performance over a set of STI indicators is analyzed to examine the driving forces of the STI system in the member countries. The findings revealed marked disparities among the countries in economic prosperity, R&D expenditure, and the stock of researchers in their STI systems. Although the aggregate research volume of the D-8 countries almost quadrupled over the 2010s compared with the previous decade, there are salient differences in the research capacity and scientific impact among these countries. GDP, R&D expenditure, human development index, GNI per capita, and the number of researchers (FTE per million inhabitants) contribute to explain the growth of publications in some of the D-8 countries. Knowledge sharing, transfer of technology, research collaboration, and investment in R&D infrastructure among the member countries underline the recent overarching scientific policy initiatives of the D-8 organization.
Malaysian Early Childhood Educators’ Use of Web 2.0 for Informal Learning in Professional Development
Authors: Mui Pei Ern Rebekah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Early childhood educators’ professional knowledge and skills are often underappreciated (Moloney, 2015; Moss, 2006) even though they significantly impact children’s outcomes (Ackerman, 2004; Bellm and Whitebrook, 2004; Sylva, et al., 2004). In Malaysia, many early childhood educators lack qualifications and the resources to pursue them (Foong, et al., 2018). This study explored the experiences of seven early childhood educators in Malaysia with web-based informal professional development through interviews and media go-alongs, examining participants’ use of and perception towards Web 2.0, particularly for self-directed and interactive learning. Results showed a burgeoning integration of Web 2.0 platforms in participants’ professional learning. Participants emphasised the significant role of personal attitudes and workplace culture in encouraging learning and technology adoption and expressed interest in the development of Web 2.0 communities of practice that support professional discourse and knowledge creation. These have the potential to strengthen professional identities and foster society-wide recognition of early childhood education as a profession.
Assessing the Effects of Exercise, Cognitive Demand, and Rest on Audiovisual Multisensory Processing in Older Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Basharat Aysha , Barnett-Cowan Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A single bout of aerobic exercise is related to positive changes in higher-order cognitive function among older adults; however, the impact of aerobic exercise on multisensory processing remains unclear. Here we assessed the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on commonly utilized tasks that measure audiovisual multisensory processing: response time (RT), simultaneity judgements (SJ), and temporal-order judgements (TOJ), in a pilot study. To our knowledge this is the first effort to investigate the effects of three well-controlled intervention conditions on multisensory processing: resting, completing a cognitively demanding task, and performing aerobic exercise for 20 minutes. Our results indicate that the window of time within which stimuli from different modalities are integrated and perceived as simultaneous (temporal binding window; TBW) is malleable and changes after each intervention condition for both the SJ and TOJ tasks. Specifically, the TBW consistently became narrower post exercise while consistently increasing in width post rest, suggesting that aerobic exercise may improve temporal perception precision via broad neural change rather than targeting the specific networks that subserve either the SJ or TOJ tasks individually. The results from the RT task further support our findings of malleability of the multisensory processing system, as changes in performance, as assessed through cumulative probability models, were observed after each intervention condition. An increase in integration (i.e., greater magnitude of multisensory effect) however, was only found after a single bout of aerobic exercise. Overall, our results indicate that exercise uniquely affects the central nervous system and may broadly affect multisensory processing.
The Poetic Edda
Authors: Pettit Edward 
Published: March 2023

This book is an edition and translation of one of the most important and celebrated sources of Old Norse-Icelandic mythology and heroic legend, namely the medieval poems now known collectively as the Poetic Edda or Elder Edda.
Included are thirty-six texts, which are mostly preserved in medieval manuscripts, especially the thirteenth-century Icelandic codex traditionally known as the Codex Regius of the Poetic Edda. The poems cover diverse subjects, including the creation, destruction and rebirth of the world, the dealings of gods such as Óðinn, Þórr and Loki with giants and each other, and the more intimate, personal tragedies of the hero Sigurðr, his wife Guðrún and the valkyrie Brynhildr.
Each poem is provided with an introduction, synopsis and suggestions for further reading. The Old Norse texts are furnished with a textual apparatus recording the manuscript readings behind this edition’s emendations, as well as select variant readings. The accompanying translations, informed by the latest scholarship, are concisely annotated to make them as accessible as possible.
As the first open-access, single-volume parallel Old Norse edition and English translation of the Poetic Edda, this book will prove a valuable resource for students and scholars of Old Norse literature. It will also interest those researching other fields of medieval literature (especially Old English and Middle High German), and appeal to a wider general audience drawn to the myths and legends of the Viking Age and subsequent centuries.