bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probleme der Flechten‐Chemotaxonomie — Stoffkombinationen und ihre taxonomische Wertung
Authors: Leuckert Christian 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung und SchlußfolgerungDie Kombination (Koppelung) der Stoffe im Chemosyndrom kann gegenseitig oder einseitig obligat oder auch fakultativ sein. Dabei ist die Stellung der beteiligten eng verwandten Produkte im Rahmen der Biosynthese von Fall zu Fall verschieden. — Dem Chemotaxonomen kann die Berücksichrigung dieser Aspekte zumindest tendenziell als Anhaltspunkt dienen. Bei Vorkommen der Komponenten in verschiedenen Verwandtschaftskreisen wird man ein Chemosyndrom ‐ also eine Kornbination biogenetisch eng verwandter Verbindungen ‐ urn so eher als ein einziges Merkmal betrachten können, je seltener die Kombination aufgelöst ist. Zweifellos stellen der solitare Stoff als Einzelmerkmal und die ohne Ausnahme auftretende (obligate) Kombination als Einzelmerkmal nur Extreme einer gleitenden Reihe dar.Herrn Prof. Dr. E. KLUG (Berlin) danke ich für die Durchsicht des Manuskripts und für werrvolle Diskussion, Herrn H. LÜNSER für die sorgfältige Ausführung der Zeichnungen, Frau I. EGGERT, Frau C. MÜLLER und Frau 1. POHL für die Hilfen bei der Vorbereitung des Manuskripts. Herrn Dr. M. SEAWARD (Bradford) bin ich für Beratung und Diskussion in Zusammenhang mit der Form der englischen Zusammenfassung sehr zu Dank verpflichter,
Morphologie, Anatomie und Systematik carotinoidhaltiger Blätterpilze
Authors: Kost Gerhard 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungWährend Carotinoide innerhalb mehrerer natürlicher Verwandtschaftsgruppen der Heterobasidiomyceten charakteristisch und regelmäßig auftreten, ist das Vorkommen dieser Sekundärstoffklasse innerhalb der Homobasidiomyceten auf wenige Arten der corticioiden, clavarioiden, cantharelloiden, agaricoiden und gateroiden Organisationsstufen beschränkt (Tab. 1). Die Anatomie der Fruchtkörper und die Morphologie der Hyphen und Basidien der agaricoiden Vertreter, Phyllotopsis nidulans, Gerronema chrysophyllum, Haasiella venustissima wurden mit verschiedenen lichtmikroskopischen Methoden untersucht. Die gewonnenen Daten wurden mit Mikrophotographien und maßstabsgetreuen Zeichnungen belegt.Die Merkmale von Phyllotopsis nidulans — dickwandige Hyphen in der Fruchtkörpertrama, Medaillonschnallen in der Lamellentrama, sehr schmale Basidien, allantoide Sporen und der Besitz von Zystiden — können bei den anderen Arten nicht gefunden werden. Merulius, Phlebia, Gloeoporus, Auriculariopsis, Dictyoploca u. a. müssen als nah verwandte Gattungen angesehen werden. Die beiden anderen omphalinoid organisierten Blätterpilze, Gerronema chrysophyllum und Haasiella venustissima zeigen trotz Ähnlichkeiten in der Fruchtkörperform zueinander kaum Übereinstimmungen. Gerronema chrysophyllum besitzt Parallelen im Merkmalsbestand zu Cantharellus‐Arten, vor allem zu Arten der Untergattung Phaeocantharellus. Dies kann durch den Aufbau der Huthaut, des verdickenden Hymeniums, der Basidien und der Stieltrama belegt werden. Besonders durch die Ontogenie der Fruchtkörper und der Lamellen wird diese Annahme unterstützt.Haasiella venustissima bleibt trotz neu dargestellter Merkmale der Fruchtkörpermorphologie — wenig differenzierte Huthaut, mehrschichtige Lamellentrama, Kaulozystiden in hymenialer Anordnung — und der Karyologie der Basidie in seiner systematischen Stellung isoliert, zumal Vergleichsdaten anderer, für einen Vergleich notwendiger Arten vielfach fehlen.
Fichtenerkrankungen in den Hochlagen der Bayerischen Mittelgebirge
Authors: Osswald W. F. , Elstner E. F. 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungAufgrund unserer Analysedaten sind wir der Ansicht, daß Fichten durch verschiedene abiotische Faktoren, wie durch SO2 im Fichtelgebirge, oder durch Photooxidantien (Ozon) in sog. Reinluftgebieten, bzw. in Kombination mit saurem Nebel, primär geschädigt werden, wobei ungünstige Standortbedingungen (Podsole Böden, Urgestein) verstärkend wirken können. Die mögliche chronische Belastung äußert sich als Pigmentoxidation und Membranzerstörung innerhalb der Zelle, was als Vergilbung der Nadeln nach außen sichtbar wird. Gleichzeitig kommt es zu einem teilweisen Abbau der strukturellen Resistenz, wodurch die Nadeln für verschiedene pilzliche Pathogene sekundär leichter zugänglich werden. Es ist denkbar, daß bereits im Inneren der Nadeln siedelnde Pathogene („Endophyten”) in gelben Nadeln bessere Wachstumsbedingungen vorfinden, in die nekrotrophe Wachstumsphase übergehen und die Nadel bzw. Nadelabschnitte abtöten. Nekrotisierte Nadeln sind abgestorben und werden abgeworfen.Inwieweit die fungitoxische Substanz p‐Hydroxyacetophenon für das Pilzwachstum, bzw. für die Vergilbung der Nadeln von Bedeutung ist, müssen weitere Versuche zeigen.
Gαi2 regulates the adult myogenesis of masticatory muscle satellite cells
Authors: Kong Lin , Fang Yi , Du Mingyuan , Wang Yunlong , He Hong , Liu Zhijian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough similar to trunk and limb skeletal muscles, masticatory muscles are believed as unique in both developmental origins and myogenesis. Gαi2 has been demonstrated to promote muscle hypertrophy and muscle satellite cell differentiation in limb muscles. However, the effect of Gαi2 on masticatory muscles is still unexplored. This study aimed to identify the role of Gαi2 in the proliferation and differentiation of masticatory muscle satellite cells, further exploring the metabolic mechanism of masticatory muscles. The proliferation rate, myotube size, fusion index of masticatory muscle satellite cells and Pax7, Myf5, MyoD, Tcf21 and Musculin expressions were significantly decreased by Gαi2 knockdown, while in cells infected with AdV4‐Gαi2, the proliferation rate, myotube size, fusion index and Tbx1 expression were significantly increased. Masticatory muscle satellite cells also displayed phenotype transformation as Gαi2 changed. In addition, Gαi2 altered myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms of myotubes with less MyHC‐2A expression in siGαi2 group and more MyHC‐slow expression in AdV4‐Gαi2 group. In conclusion, Gαi2 could positively affect the adult myogenesis of masticatory muscle satellite cells and maintain the superiority of MyHC‐slow. Masticatory muscle satellite cells may have their unique Gαi2‐regulated myogenic transcriptional networks, although they may share some common characteristics with trunk and limb muscles.
Contribution of MALDI‐TOF‐MS‐based principal component analysis for distinguishing foodborne pathogens
Authors: Numanoğlu Çevik Yasemin , Kaynar Mursaloğlu Pınar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFoodborne diseases are important to determine bacteria in strain level, which are analyzed by library‐based devices and bioinformatics‐enabled. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of principal component analysis (PCA) with matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) to distinguish according to the differences of bacterial strains as rapidly screening of foodborne bacteria. The MALDI‐TOF‐MS‐based PCA analysis was used for differentiating bacterial strains isolated from ready‐to‐eat foods. According to the results of PCA analysis, the percentages of distance and proximity between species were evaluated by composite correlation indexes (CCI). Bacillus cereus were detected in burghul salad (BC1) and macaroni salad (BC2) taken from the SB2‐snack bar, and the similarity rate was determined as 97%. Three other B. cereus bacteria (BC3, BC4, and BC5) in the same cluster were also isolated from salads collected from SB4‐snack bar. The similarity of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, which have the codes KP1 and KP2, isolated from macaroni salad and burghul salad taken from the SB2 snack bar respectively were 96%. Additionally, the CCI values of two E. coli strains in burghul (EC1) salad and Russian salad (EC2) in the same sampling point (SB1) were determined as 97%. In conclusion, this analysis with MALDI‐TOF‐MS based PCA has revealed the relationships between bacteria genera and species, beyond just the identification of bacteria and the rapid screening of bacteria in perishable foodstuffs. Similarities between bacterial strains identified for different samples from the same sampling point suggested that there were not adequate hygiene rules and storage requirements were not followed.
Effects of epidural analgesia at 1 cm cervical dilatation on labor interventions in full‐term primigravida: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Shunbin , Ye Siping , Wu Chenhua , Jia Xiufeng , Li Sangsang , Zeng Xiaomei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of epidural analgesia administered as early as cervical dilatation of 1 cm on labor interventions and maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective research recruited 1007 full‐term primigravidas, who were distributed to two separate cohorts for eligibility: epidural analgesia 1 (cervical dilatation = 1 cm) and epidural analgesia 2 (cervical dilatation >1 cm). Labor interventions (artificial rupture of membranes and oxytocin administration) and duration of labor were the primary outcomes.ResultsThe effect of initiation timing of epidural analgesia on artificial membrane rupture was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.85 [0.58–1.24], p > 0.05). Less oxytocin was used in the epidural analgesia 2 group compared with the epidural analgesia 1 group (the adjusted OR: 0.68 [0.49–0.95], p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the median time to latent phase of labor, active phase of labor, second, and third stages of labor (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes between the epidural analgesia 1 group and the epidural analgesia 2 group.ConclusionEpidural analgesia could be administered at cervical dilatation = 1 cm.
Nocturnal sleep duration trajectories in early childhood and school performance at age 10 years
Authors: Petit Dominique , Touchette Evelyne , Pennestri Marie‐Hélène , Paquet Jean , Côté Sylvana , Tremblay Richard E. , Boivin Michel , Montplaisir Jacques Y. 
Published: March 2023

SummarySleep plays a fundamental role in brain development and resultant functions. The aim was to verify whether nocturnal sleep duration during early childhood has long‐term associations with academic achievement at age 10 years. The present study is part of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a representative cohort of infants born in 1997–1998 in the province of Quebec, Canada. Children with known neurological conditions were excluded from this cohort. Four trajectories of parent‐reported nocturnal sleep duration at ages 2.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years were determined using a SAS procedure named PROC TRAJ. Sleep duration at age 10 years was also reported. Teachers provided data on academic performance when the children were age 10 years. These data were available for 910 children (430 boys, 480 girls; 96.6% Caucasians). Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed using SPSS. Children who slept less than 8 hr per night at 2.5 years but normalized later on (Traj1) had three–five times the odds of having grades below the class average in reading, writing, mathematics and science compared with children who slept sufficiently (Traj3–4: 10–11 hr per night). Children who slept about 9 hr per night throughout childhood (Traj2) had two–three times the odds of being below the class average in mathematics and science. Sleep duration at age 10 years was not correlated with the academic performance. These results point to the presence of a very important early period during which sufficient sleep is needed to fine‐tune the functions necessary for academic achievement later on.
Long‐term morphometric changes in the anterior alveolar bone in adolescents and adults after space closure: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Lingfeng , Chen Yanxi , Wang Jingxi , Luo Nan , Wu Yan , Dai Hongwei , Zhou Jingping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the morphometric changes in the anterior alveolar bone of both the maxilla and mandible after space closure and retention for 18‐36 mo in adults and adolescents.Materials and MethodsForty‐two subjects with 4 first premolars extracted followed by retracting anterior teeth were included and divided into two age groups: adult group (4 males, 17 females, mean age: 23.67 ± 5.29 y, treatment duration: 27.95 mo, retention duration: 26.96 mo, ANB: 4.8 ± 2.1, U1‐L1: 117.2 ± 9.2, U1‐PP: 120.2 ± 7.2, L1‐MP: 99.2 ± 5.3) and adolescent group (6 males, 15 females, mean age: 11.52 ± 1.21 y, treatment duration: 26.18 mo, retention duration: 25.79 mo, ANB: 5.2 ± 2.1, U1‐L1: 116.0 ± 8.6, U1‐PP: 119.8 ± 4.9, L1‐MP: 99.7 ± 4.9). Alveolar bone height and thickness of anterior teeth in both groups were measured using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging performed at the pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2) and retention phases (T3). One‐way repeated‐measure ANOVAs were performed to evaluate the alveolar bone changes. Voxel‐based superimpositions were performed to measure the amount of tooth movement.ResultsAfter orthodontic treatment, the lingual bone height and thickness of both arches and the labial bone height of the mandible decreased significantly in both age groups (P < .05). Most of the labial bone height and thickness of the maxilla in both groups remained unchanged (P > .05). After retention, the lingual bone height and thickness increased significantly in both age groups (P < .05). The amounts of increased height ranged from 1.08 to 1.64 mm in adults and from 0.78 to 1.21 mm in adolescents, and the amounts of increased thickness ranged from 0.23 mm to 0.62 mm in adults and from 0.16 mm to 0.36 mm in adolescents. Obvious movements of the anterior teeth during retention were not found (P > .05).ConclusionsAlthough lingual alveolar bone loss occurred in adolescents and adults during orthodontic treatment, continuous remodelling occurred in the later retention phase, which provides a reference for clinical treatment planning of bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.
Wavelet based analysis of oil price shocks, exchange rate and stock market behaviour: Evidences from emerging markets
Authors: Kaur Amrita , Mittal Prabhat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring the second quarter of 2020, with an impact of novel coronavirus (COVID‐19), the oil sector has witnessed the most volatile phase of our economic history. Liquidity in the market became extremely tight and significantly impacted the stock markets. The study primarily aims at investigating the interdependence of the crude oil prices, Nifty50 Index and USDINR exchange rates. Wavelet coherence plots are employed to examine the interdependence of oil prices with Nifty and exchange rates and to analyse the time series information at different times and frequencies. The results also report the existence of long‐run relations using Johansen's cointegration test and vector error correction model. Moreover, the shocks in one variable have been noticed with a persistent and prolonged effect on other variables. However, the results explain that these shocks have short‐term effects, but in the long run, the market becomes stable. The policymakers should create regulations that protect investors' desire to profit and lessen their exposure to unanticipated shocks in the market. The study would assist investors in analysing and comprehending the effects of the abrupt volatility brought on by lockdown during the pandemic on the stock market.
Clinical Effects of Upper Facet Joint En Bloc Resection in the Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery—Two Layers and Two Tunnels Strategy
Authors: Chen Xukang , Jing Wanli , Wang Yunguo , Lin Wei , Xue Yuan 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe upper facet joint en bloc resection is the key step to open the intervertebral foramina for achieving the intervertebral fusion in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgery. Our purpose is to introduce a upper facet joint resection technique which can avoid injuring the nerve root termed “two layers and two tunnels strategy” in TLIF surgery and to evaluate its clinical effects and neurological safety.MethodsAll 108 patients who underwent TLIF surgery using two layers and two tunnels strategy between December 2015 and January 2019 were analyzed for postoperative clinical treatment parameter. The visual analogue scale (VAS) method, Oswestry disability index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and the Macnab scoring system were used to evaluate the clinical effects during post‐operative check‐ups at 7 days, 3 months, 6 months, and the last follow‐up visit. Data were represented by mean and standard deviation, and repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to make comparison.ResultsThe result noted that, the VAS scores for back pain decreased by 30.13% at 7 days post‐operation (3.64 ± 0.86), 63.15% at 3 months (1.92 ± 0.55), 72.17% at 6 months (1.45 ± 0.61) and 70.44% at the last follow‐up (1.54 ± 0.62) compared with pre‐operation (5.21 ± 0.93). The VAS scores for lower limb pain decreased by 44.22% at 7 days (3.86 ± 0.90), 61.42% at 3 months (2.67 ± 0.72), 66.62% at 6 months (2.31 ± 0.79) and 66.47% at the last follow‐up (2.32 ± 0.72) compared with pre‐operation (6.92 ± 1.04). The ODI scores decreased by 49.08% at 7 days (32.19 ± 5.13), 67.92% at 3 months (20.28 ± 5.50), 74.00% at 6 months (16.44 ± 4.21) and 75.42% at the last follow‐up (15.54 ± 3.85) compared with pre‐operation (63.22 ± 7.58). The JOA scores increased by 51.41% at 7 days (18.49 ± 1.48), 69.26% at 3 months (22.35 ± 1.44), 73.28% at 6 months (23.22 ± 1.18) and 77.53% at the last follow‐up (24.14 ± 0.99) compared with pre‐operation (7.37 ± 1.71). Among 108 cases, there is no neurological complications.ConclusionTwo layers and two tunnels strategy is an effective and safe procedure that can certainly avoid nerve root injury to reduce neurological complication and increase safety of TLIF surgery.
Nb‐UVB and PUVA therapy in treating early stages of Mycosis Fungoides: A single‐center cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zengarini Corrado , Baruffaldi Gregorio , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Bardazzi Federico , Mussi Martina , Hrvatin Stancic Bor , Pileri Alessandro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionMycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome are the most common forms of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Early‐stage MF is known to have an indolent behavior, and the EORTC guidelines recommend treating patients with skin‐directed therapies, such as phototherapy, instead of systemic therapies. Phototherapy is a popular therapeutic option, with two commonly used light sources—PUVA and narrow band‐nb UVB. PUVA is less commonly used due to its potential carcinogenic role, but it has systemic effects, while nb‐UVB has mostly skin‐limited effects. There is ongoing debate regarding the role of UVB light, and in 2021, the Cutaneous Lymphoma Italian Study Group reached a consensus on technical schedules for NB‐UVB and PUVA for MF. This study aims to analyze and compare the efficacy of the two phototherapy options in treating early‐MF patients.Materials and methodsThe study included patients diagnosed with stage IA/B MF in the last 10 years, who had at least 12 months of follow‐up data and a minimum of 24 phototherapy sessions (PUVA or nb UVB) and treated with topical steroids apart from phototherapy.ResultsResults showed that the two phototherapy options were similarly effective in treating early MF, with no significant differences in clinical response, although PUVA was associated with more adverse effects.ConclusionsThe study provides valuable insights into the use of phototherapy in early MF, and the results can be used to guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.
Reward advantage over punishment for incentivizing visual working memory
Authors: Sun Yurong , Kang Pyungwon , Huang Leyu , Wang Huimin , Ku Yixuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe prospects of gaining reward and avoiding punishment widely influence human behavior. Despite of numerous attempts to investigate the influence of motivational signals on working memory (WM), whether the valence and the magnitude of motivational signals interactively influence WM performance remains unclear. To investigate this, the present study used a free‐recall working memory task with EEG recording to compare the effect of incentive valence (reward or punishment), as well as the magnitude of incentives on visual WM. Behavioral results revealed that the presence of incentive signals improved WM precision when compared with no‐incentive condition, and compared with punishing cues, rewarding cues led to greater facilitation in WM precision, as well as confidence ratings afterward. Moreover, event related potential (ERP) results suggested that compared with punishment, reward led to an earlier latency of late positive component (LPC), a larger amplitude of contingent negative variation (CNV) during the expectation period, and a larger P300 amplitude during the sample and delay periods. Furthermore, reward advantage over punishment in behavioral and neural results were correlated, such that individuals with larger CNV difference between reward and punishment conditions also report greater distinction in confidence ratings between the two conditions. In sum, our results demonstrate what and how rewarding cues cause more beneficial effects than punishing cues when incentivizing visual WM.
Duration of the diabetic state altered platelet indices from baseline values in a streptozotocin‐induced rat model for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Oudeh Sahar , Javahery Vayghan Abbas , Ahmadi‐hamedani Mahmood 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundChanges in platelet indices in naturally occurring type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have been described in several studies. In this study, platelet indices such as platelet count (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and MPV to PLT ratio were investigated according to diabetic duration after streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced T1DM, as well as for their correlation with glucose.MethodsForty healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups of ten (5 rats of each sex), including the control group, the 7, 14, and 28 days diabetic groups (D7, D14, and D28, respectively).ResultsIn diabetic groups, plasma glucose was significantly higher than in control (P < 0.01). D7, D14, and D28 groups presented significantly lower PLT than the control (P < 0. 01). A significant decrease in PCT was observed in D14 and D28 females (P < 0.05). Mean platelet volume was significantly higher in the D28 group than in to control. D28 females also showed a significant difference in PLT, MPV, and the MPV‐to‐PLT ratio compared with D7 females (P < 0.05). A comparison between D28 females and males showed a significant difference in PDW (P < 0.05). Both females and males showed a significant correlation between glucose and PLT, PCT, MPV, and the MPV‐to‐PLT ratio.ConclusionsPlatelet indices change significantly with the duration of diabetes compared with the baseline values, and female and male rats did not have significant differences in platelet indices in any period except the 28 days.