bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carboxylation of sulfated cellulose nanocrystals by family AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases
Authors: Llàcer Navarro Saül , Tõlgo Monika , Olsson Lisbeth , Nypelö Tiina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) from the auxiliary activity 9 (AA9) family act on cellulose through an oxidative mechanism that improves cellulose saccharification in concert with other cellulolytic enzymes. Degradation and solubilization of cellulose chains are known to take place when various cellulose hierarchies, fibers, nanofibers, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are subjected to LPMOs, either alone or in combination with other cellulose acting enzymes. The use of LPMOs to modify and prepare CNCs has been proposed mostly in top-down synthesis from larger hierarchies. Here, we attempted a direct surface modification of CNCs with LPMOs with the aim of investigating the role played by the charged sulfate groups on CNCs. Sulfate half-ester groups are introduced during the preparation of CNCs from cellulose using sulfuric acid. It has been proposed that the charged sulfate groups hinder the binding of enzymes or affinity of charged reactants on the surface and hence reduce enzymatic and chemical reaction efficiency. We demonstrate the modification of commercial sulfated CNCs using a family AA9 LPMO. Conductometric titration and spectrometric characterization of the oxidized particles indicate that carboxylation of up to 10% was possible without degradation of the crystals. Unexpectedly, the carboxyl groups could only be introduced to the crystals containing sulfate groups, while desulfated crystals remained unfunctionalized. This was deemed to be due to that the sulfate groups limit the adsorption of the enzymes and hence modulate the cuts facilitated by the enzymes on the surface. This limits the release of chains from the surface and enables the carboxylation of the insoluble substrate rather than the release of the solubilized chains. This study highlights the importance of analyzing both the solid and soluble reaction products to gain insights into the oxidation mechanism. We demonstrated that 10% functionalization suffices for the use of CNCs in coupling chemistry.
Psychosocial Outcomes in Autistic Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Plak Rachel , Rippe Ralph , Merkelbach Inge , Begeer Sander 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudies on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on autistic children’s psychosocial outcomes have shown mixed results. In the current study we aimed to gain a better insight into the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing psychosocial outcomes collected pre-pandemic with data collected during the pandemic. We used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to examine change over time in psychosocial outcomes of autistic children from pre-pandemic (T0) to lockdown I (T1) and lockdown II (T2) in the Netherlands. We expected a deterioration in psychosocial outcomes. There were 224 participants in T0 and T1, of which 141 also participated in T2. The results showed a surprising improvement in psychosocial outcomes from T0 to T1. Special education and female gender were associated with increased difficulties over time, while higher age was associated with decreased difficulties. At the subdomain level we found that emotional problems remained stable, while hyperactivity, conduct problems, and peer problems decreased, and prosocial behavior increased. Attending special education predicted increased peer problems over time, while higher age predicted both decreased conduct problems and increased prosocial behavior over time. The COVID-19 pandemic may have temporarily improved the fit between the psychosocial needs and the environment for children with autism in the Netherlands.
Thermodynamically Traceable Calorimetric Results for Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions from T = (273.15 to 373.15) K up to the Saturated Solutions: Part 1—The Quantities Associated with the Partial Molar Enthalpy
Authors: Partanen Lauri J. , Partanen Jaakko I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe three-parameter extended Hückel equations with parameters B, b1, and b2 have recently been successfully tested against existing vapor pressure, electrochemical, and solubility data for aqueous NaCl solutions at temperatures from (273 to 373) K (Partanen and Partanen in J. Chem. Eng. Data 65:5226–5239, 2020). In the present study, we extend this model to the apparent and partial molar enthalpy data of these solutions. The enthalpy equations were determined using a new calculation method that gives practically the same results as that used in another previous study (Partanen et al. in J. Chem. Eng. Data 62:2617–2632, 2017), but the new method is much simpler. In the previous enthalpy study, dilute NaCl solutions up to m = 0.2 mol⋅kg−1 were considered in the range from T = 273 to 353 K. Following the success of the three-parameter extended Hückel model within the whole concentration range at various temperatures, we tabulate new values for relative apparent and partial molar enthalpies for NaCl solutions at rounded molalities. The resulting values are extensively tested against the literature ones. The best agreement is obtained for temperatures below 288 K and between 313 and 353 K. Elsewhere, at least a reasonable agreement is obtained. As no enthalpy or heat capacity data were used in the estimation of our model’s parameters and as the model has excelled in explaining other high-precision thermodynamic data, we argue that the recommended enthalpy values should be preferred even for the temperatures where the agreement is only reasonable due to potential problems associated with the literature values. These problems are also considered in the study.
Graphical Abstract
Investigation of travelling wave solutions for the (3 + 1)-dimensional hyperbolic nonlinear Schrödinger equation using Riccati equation and F-expansion techniques
Authors: Ali Mohamed R. , Khattab Mahmoud A. , Mabrouk S. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe (3 + 1)-dimensional hyperbolic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (HNLS) is used as a model for different physical phenomena such as the propagation of electromagnetic fields, the dynamics of optical soliton promulgation, and the evolution of the water wave surface. In this paper, new and different exact solutions for the (3 + 1)-dimensional HNLS equation is emerged by using two powerful methods named the Riccati equation method and the F-expansion principle. The behaviors of resulting solutions are different and expressed by dark, bright, singular, and periodic solutions. The physical explanations for the obtained solutions are examined by a graphical representation in 3d profile plots.
Quasi-In Situ Localized Corrosion of an Additively Manufactured FeCo Alloy in 5 Wt Pct NaCl Solution
Authors: Pramanik Sudipta , Krüger Jan , Schaper Mirko , Hoyer Kay-Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFeCo alloys are important materials used in pumps and motors in the offshore oil and gas drilling industry. These alloys are subjected to marine environments with a high NaCl concentration, therefore, corrosion and catastrophic failure are anticipated. So, the surface dissolution of additively manufactured FeCo samples is investigated in a quasi-in situ manner, in particular, the pitting corrosion in 5.0 wt pct NaCl solution. The local dissolution of the same sample region is monitored after 24, 72, and 168 hours. Here, the formation of rectangular and circular pits of ultra-fine dimensions (less than 0.5 µm) is observed with increasing immersion time. In addition, the formation of a corrosion-inhibiting surface layer is detected on the sample surface. Surface dissolution leads to a change in the surface structure, however, no change in grain shape or grain size is noticed. The surface topography after local dissolution is correlated to the grain orientation. Quasi-in situ analysis shows the preferential dissolution of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) leading to a change in the fraction of HAGBs and low-angle grain boundaries fraction (LAGBs). For the FeCo sample, a potentiodynamic polarisation test reveals a corrosion potential (Ecorr) of − 0.475 V referred to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) and a corrosion exchange current density (icorr) of 0.0848 A/m2. Furthermore, quasi-in situ experiments showed that grains oriented along certain crystallographic directions are corroding more compared to other grains leading to a significant decrease in the local surface height. Grains with a plane normal close to the $$\langle {1}00\rangle$$

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100
⟩

direction reveal lower surface dissolution and higher corrosion resistance, whereas planes normal close to the $$\langle {11}0\rangle$$

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110
⟩

direction and the $$\langle {111}\rangle$$

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111
⟩

direction exhibit a higher surface dissolution.
What is the role of robotic surgery in ovarian cystectomy with fertility preservation?
Authors: Lee Ju Hye , Park So Yun , Jeong Kyungah , Yun Ha Yeoung , Chung Hye Won 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo investigate the role of robotic single-site (RSS) ovarian cystectomy in fertility preservation, which was compared with single-port laparoscopic (SPL) surgery based on AMH changes. We retrospectively analyzed medical records of total 156 patients who underwent SPL (n = 72) or RSS (n = 84) surgery with the da Vinci® Si or Xi system. The pre/post-operative AMH levels and total diameter of ovarian cysts were measured. In addition to the surgical method, AMH changes were compared according to the laterality, multiplicity, and pathology of ovarian cysts. A comparison of the characteristics of the SPL group and RSS group, revealed that there were no significant differences in the average age, the diameter of the ovarian cyst, and the number of locule. There were also no statistical differences between the pre-operative and post-operative AMH levels and the average surgical time including the docking time in robotic surgery. A comparison based on the surgical methods, revealed that the decrease in post-operative AMH was lower in the RSS group (24.2 ± 35.9%) than in the SPL group (34.9 ± 29.1%) significantly (p = 0.044). In patients with endometriosis, the decrease in AMH was greater, than that in patients without endometriosis. A longer operation time, larger ovarian cysts and multi-locular cysts were associated with lower AMH level in both the SPL and RSS groups (Pearson correlation coefficient: – 0.320, p = 0.0001, – 0.218, p = 0.007, – 0.236, p = 0.003, respectively). RSS ovarian cystectomy could be a promising new therapeutic option for fertility preservation in complex cases to avoid an additional side port.
The Effects of Soil Microbial Disturbance and Plants on Arsenic Concentrations and Speciation in Soil Water and Soils
Authors: Guan Hang , Caggìa Veronica , Gómez-Chamorro Andrea , Fischer Daniela , Coll-Crespí Miquel , Liu Xiaowen , Chávez-Capilla Teresa , Schlaeppi Klaus , Ramette Alban , Mestrot Adrien , Bigalke Moritz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArsenic (As) in soils harms soil organisms and plants, and it can enter the human food chain via the dietary consumption of crops. The mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of As are determined by its concentration and speciation. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil microbial disturbance and maize plants on arsenic concentration and speciation in soil (pore) water and soils. Three soil treatments with varying microbial disturbance were designed for this experiment: native soil, sterilized soil and sterilized soil reconditioned with soil indigenous microbes. The three soil treatments were intersected with three levels of As in soils (0, 100 and 200 mg kg−1 spiked As). Ten pots of each treatment were planted with maize, while three pots were filled with soil without maize. The difference between native and reconditioned soil indicated the abiotic sterilization effect (artifact of the sterilization process), while the difference between sterilized and reconditioned soil showed the microbial disturbance effect. Both effects increased As release into soil water. The microbial disturbance effect was more pronounced for organic As species, showing the influence of soil microbes involved in As methylation. The abiotic sterilization effect was more evident in unplanted pots than planted pots and the microbial disturbance effect was observed only in unplanted pots, suggesting that both effects were mitigated by the presence of maize.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Bullying Victimization and Emotional Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study on Natives and Students With Immigrant Backgrounds
Authors: Basilici Maria Chiara , Palladino Benedetta Emanuela , Upadyaya Katja , De Luca Lisa , Salmela-Aro Katariina , Menesini Ersilia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic affected adolescents’ social interactions and mental health. However, it is still unclear how the developmental trajectories of individuals at higher risk of social exclusion and victimization changed during this challenging period. Using the Latent Growth Curve Analysis (LGCA), the present study aims to investigate whether belonging to a minority ethnic group might be an additional risk factor, by analyzing trends over time in both bullying victimization (V) and emotional symptoms (ES) from the pre-pandemic period to 15-months after the outbreak. 826 students (46.4% females; Mage=15.22; SD = 0.63; 18.5% with an immigrant background) attending the first year of high school were followed before the pandemic (T1-January 2020), to 12 months (T2-February 2021) and 15-months (T3-May 2021) after the outbreak. Findings highlighted the pervasive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all students, with no differences between natives and students with immigrant background. Indeed, results showed a decrease in victimization, especially the more systematic behaviors, and an increase in emotional symptoms over time. However, we found a greater growth in emotional symptoms in students who started with a lower level of victimization before the pandemic. It seems like a tsunami has passed and completely engulfed everyone. The present study warns about the return to school in face-to-face mode for adolescents after a period of great suffering, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Seamount and Ridge Subduction at the Java Margin, Indonesia: Effects on Structural Geology and Seismogenesis
Authors: Xia Yueyang , Kopp Heidrun , Klaeschen Dirk , Geersen Jacob , Ma Bo , Schnabel Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Java ‐ Lesser Sunda margin, which features multi‐scale subducting oceanic basement relief, is classified as neutral (Lombok and Sumbawa) to erosional (Central Java to Bali) in comparison to its accretionary counterpart offshore Sumatra. However, a comprehensive analysis of how plate boundary and upper plate structure across the neutral to erosional transition are modulated by the subduction of oceanic basement relief is lacking to date. To shed light on the tectonic parameters that push the margin into the neutral or erosional domain, we combine multi‐channel reflection seismic images derived through a grid‐based P‐wave velocity inversion, and multibeam bathymetric maps. The data document how different scales of subducting topography modify seafloor morphology, upper plate structure, and décollement position. Large‐scale subducting features cause a landward shift of the deformation front, shortening of the accretionary wedge, and seafloor steepening at the relief's trailing edge. Small‐scale subducting ridges primarily impact the frontal prism resulting in over‐steepening at the trench and localized slope failure. Ahead of subducting relief, deformation of the accretionary wedge encompasses enhanced compression and a reduction in seafloor slope but appears independent of the size of the relief. Ridge and seamount subduction induce frontal erosion and basal erosion offshore Lombok and Bali, respectively. Our P‐wave velocity models indicate that the rigidity of the upper plate's base along the eastern Sunda margin is significantly lower than the worldwide trend. We conclude that this favors the genesis of tsunami earthquakes that have occurred on the Java margin.
The Structure of the Warped Io Plasma Torus Constrained by the Io Footprint
Authors: Schlegel Stephan , Saur Joachim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStandard models of force balance along Jovian field lines predict the location of the Io Plasma Torus to be the centrifugal equator of Jupiter’s magnetosphere, that is, the position along the magnetic field lines farthest away from Jupiter’s rotational axis. In many models, the centrifugal equator is assumed to lay on a plane, calculated from a (shifted) dipole magnetic field, rather than on a warped surface which incorporates Jupiter’s higher magnetic field moments. In this work, we use Hubble Space Telescope observations of the Io Main Footprint to constrain density, scale height, and lateral position of the Io Plasma Torus. Therefore, we employ the leading angle of the footprints to calculate expected travel times of Alfvén waves and carry out an inversion of the observations. For the magnetic field, we use the JRM33 magnetic field model. The inversion results show peak densities between ρ0 = 1,830 cm−3 and ρ0 = 2,032 cm−3 and scale heights between H = 0.92RJ and H = 0.97RJ consistent with current literature values. Using a warped multipole centrifugal equator instead of a planar dipole increases the quality of the fit by about 25%. We additionally develop two tests to confirm that the multipole centrifugal equator from the JRM33 model fits explains the applied data set better than the dipole centrifugal equator. The quadropole moments alter Io’s relative position to the torus, which changes the plasma density around Io by up to Δρ/ρ = 20%.
Global Empirical Models of Wave Amplitudes and Normal Angles of Banded Plasmaspheric Hiss Obtained From Van Allen Probes Observations
Authors: Dong Junhu , Xiang Zheng , Ni Binbin , Liu Yangxizi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe unique banded structure of plasmaspheric hiss with an upper band above ∼200 Hz and a lower band below ∼150 Hz has been recently reported. Based on observations from the twin Van Allen Probes from 15 September 2012 to 30 June 2019, we statistically investigate the global distributions of amplitude and power‐weighted wave normal angle (WNA) of banded hiss waves with respect to L, MLT, MLAT, and AE*. The results indicate that amplitudes of dayside banded hiss significantly depend on the substorm level (AE* index), while the variation of WNAs on the AE* index is slight. The WNAs of upper band hiss show a peak at L ∼ 3, while the WNAs of lower band hiss are relatively uniform at L < 4. The WNAs of both bands decrease with increasing L values at L > 4. We further develop the global empirical models of banded hiss wave amplitudes and WNAs to fit the statistical results, which show good agreement with satellite observations. These results can be essentially useful to evaluate the role of banded plasmaspheric hiss in the dynamic variations of Earth's radiation belt electrons.
Fiber‐Optic Observations of Internal Waves and Tides
Authors: Williams E. F. , Ugalde A. , Martins H. F. , Becerril C. E. , Callies J. , Claret M. , Fernandez‐Ruiz M. R. , Gonzalez‐Herraez M. , Martin‐Lopez S. , Pelegri J. L. , Winters K. B. , Zhan Z. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough typically used to measure dynamic strain from seismic and acoustic waves, Rayleigh‐based distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is also sensitive to temperature, offering longer range and higher sensitivity to small temperature perturbations than conventional Raman‐based distributed temperature sensing. Here, we demonstrate that ocean‐bottom DAS can be employed to study internal wave and tide dynamics in the bottom boundary layer, a region of enhanced ocean mixing but scarce observations. First, we show temperature transients up to about 4 K from a power cable in the Strait of Gibraltar south of Spain, associated with passing trains of internal solitary waves in water depth <200 m. Second, we show the propagation of thermal fronts associated with the nonlinear internal tide on the near‐critical slope of the island of Gran Canaria, off the coast of West Africa, with perturbations up to about 2 K at 1‐km depth and 0.2 K at 2.5‐km depth. With spatial averaging, we also recover a signal proportional to the barotropic tidal pressure, including the lunar fortnightly variation. In addition to applications in observational physical oceanography, our results suggest that contemporary chirped‐pulse DAS possesses sufficient long‐period sensitivity for seafloor geodesy and tsunami monitoring if ocean temperature variations can be separated.
Efficient qualitative risk assessment of pipelines using relative risk score based on machine learning
Authors: Vanitha C. N. , Easwaramoorthy Sathishkumar Veerappampalayam , Krishna S. A. , Cho Jaehyuk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPipelines are observed one of the economic modes of transport for transporting oil, gas, and water between various locations. Most of the countries in the world transport petroleum and other flammable products through underground pipelines. The underground and aboveground pipelines are facing various damages due to corrosion, dents, and ruptures due to the environment and operational fluid conditions. The danger of leaks and accidents increases as a result of these damages. Pipelines must be evaluated on a regular basis to make sure they are fit for transmission. By evaluating the effects of damages and the possibility of catastrophic failures using a variety of techniques, pipeline integrity is controlled. Applying the relative risk scoring (RRS) technique, pipeline failures are predicted. One of the probabilistic techniques used to forecast risk based on an impartial assessment is machine learning. With different parameters like corrosion, leakage, materials, atmosphere, surface, earth-movements, above-ground and underground facilities, etc., the RRS method provides an accuracy of 97.5% in identifying the risk and gives a precise classification of risk, whether the pipeline has a high, medium, or low risk without any delay on the prediction compared with Naive Bayes, decision tree, support vector machine, and graph convolutional network.
Design and fabrication of carbon fiber lattices using 3D weaving
Authors: McClintock Hayley , Xiong Zechen , Rergis Bruno , Lipson Hod 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a method of designing and fabricating 3D carbon fiber lattices. The lattice design and fabrication is based on crocheting and sewing techniques, where carbon fiber tow is woven through two parallel carbon fiber grids and reinforced with vertical carbon fiber tubes. Compression testing is then performed on three different designs, and these results are compared to other similar lattice structures, finding that the lattices perform similarly to comparable lattices. Finite element analysis is also performed to validate the experimental findings, and provides some insight into the experimental results. The process presented here allows for more design flexibility than other current methods. For example, within a single lattice, different density weave patterns can be used to address specific load requirements. Though fabricated manually here, this process can also be automated for large scale production. With this design flexibility, simplified fabrication, and high strength, the lattices proposed here offer an advantage as compared to similar existing structures.