bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Microalgae as a Good Motivator of Ossimi Lamb's Health and Growth
Authors: Allak Masouda A. , Fayed Ayat Kassem , Mahmoud Rania M. , Adawy Asmaa A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn tropical and subtropical countries like Egypt, sheep breeding faces environmental thermal stress, especially during the summer when air temperature and humidity are very high. Using Microalgae as an alternative feedstuff can significantly improve sheep growth, health and oxidative status. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of consuming two different species of microalgae: Spirulina platensis (SP) and Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) on the following: growth performance, oxidative status, kidney and liver function, serum Glu, proteins and lipids profile and haematological parameters under hot dry environmental conditions. A total of 32 Ossimi male lambs were divided randomly into four equal groups (n = 8), (G1) was fed the control diet, (G2) was supplemented with S. platensis, (G3) was supplemented with a combination between (S. platensis and C. vulgaris) and (G4) was supplemented C. vulgaris. The results of our study revealed that microalgae supplementation significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced lamb's growth, liver and kidney function, levels of serum immunoglobulin IgG, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and haematological parameters. Moreover, the levels of thyroid hormones and serum proteins profile were significantly increased in all treated lambs compared to the control group. Our research revealed that including microalgae in sheep's feed can enhance their immune system, promote growth and enhance their general health by mitigating the harmful effects of heat and oxidative stress.
Structural analysis of a membrane‐associated delta‐6 fatty acid desaturase from Prorocentrum micans
Authors: Du Zhihong , Sun Kaiwen , Xu Shangyi , Qiu Xiao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDelta‐6 fatty acid desaturases, which play key roles in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are membrane‐associated enzymes that present significant challenges for isolation and purification, complicating their structural characterization. Here we report the identification and structure–function analysis of a novel Δ6 fatty acid desaturase (PmD6) from the marine alga Prorocentrum micans with substrate preference to α‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐3). Structural modeling revealed a mushroom‐like structure of PmD6 formed by four transmembrane α‐helices as a stem and three cytoplasmic domains as a cap. Structural alignment identified several key residues positioned around the substrate tunnel and catalytic center in PmD6. Functional analysis of these residues by site‐directed mutagenesis showed that Tyr226, Trp235, Phe345, and Ser349, facing the middle region of the substrate tunnel of PmD6, played critical roles in defining the structure for acceptance of substrates. Thr200, Leu391, and Met389, surrounding the end of the substrate tunnel, had roles in interaction with the methyl end of substrates. Asp255, close to a metal iron in the catalytic center, was essential for catalytic reaction by supporting the regional structure. These results have provided mechanistic insights into the structure–function relationship of membrane‐bound front‐end fatty acid desaturases.
Three Decades of Research on Iberian Wild Ungulates: Key Insights and Promising Research Avenues
Authors: Carvalho João , Carpio António , Figueiredo Ana M. , Fonseca Carlos , Ferreira Eduardo , Serrano Emmanuel , Barja Isabel , Sánchez‐Zapata José , Carranza Juan , Palacios Laura Barbero , Ortiz‐Jiménez Lorena , Rosalino Luís Miguel , Rossa Mariana , Velamazán Mario , Santos Nuno , Fandos Paulino , Acevedo Pelayo , Perea Ramón , Castillo‐Contreras Raquel , Pascual‐Rico Roberto , Jiménez‐Ruiz Saúl , Torres Rita Tinoco 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The Iberian Peninsula is witnessing ever‐faster environmental changes, and new challenges for wild ungulates are continuously emerging as they become more abundant and widespread.

We conducted a systematic review to analyse the knowledge on wild ungulates inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula. We used Web of Science and Scopus search engines, complemented by searches in nonindexed journals, to examine peer‐reviewed articles published between January 1990 and July 2023.

The annual average growth rate in the number of publications was 17%. Most studies focussed on diseases and pathogens (36%), physiology, endocrinology and reproduction (19%), and behaviour, population and community ecology (17%). Red deer and wild boar are the most targeted species in scientific literature, followed by the Iberian wild goat, roe deer, fallow deer, Southern chamois, mouflon and aoudad.

We identify key knowledge gaps that deserve further attention such as the ecological and social impacts of (re)introductions, the effects of increasing ungulate densities on ecosystem integrity and the impact of different hunting and management techniques (some unique to the Iberian Peninsula) on population dynamics. We also highlight the need to stimulate Iberian collaboration and extend the discussion to a wider range of stakeholders to integrate different perspectives on the research agenda for Iberian wild ungulates.
A universal geography neural network for mobility flow prediction in planning scenarios
Authors: Guo Jifu , Bai Shengguang , Li Xun , Xian Kai , Liu Erjian , Ding Wenting , Ma Xizhi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study primarily focuses on generating mobility flow in regions and cities, which plays an important role in urban planning and management. The majority of existing mobility flow models, including conventional statistical models and deep learning‐based models, are heavily dependent on historical data to predict future mobility flows. The application of these models poses significant challenges in the planning and construction of emerging cities and regions, particularly in developing countries experiencing swift urbanization. These challenges are exacerbated by a dearth of historical data and rapid shifts in mobility patterns. Consequently, the scenario necessitates a mobility flow generation model capable of generating flows without historical data. This study introduces the universal geography neural network, an algorithm designed to glean potential patterns in human mobility across diverse cities and temporal spans. This is achieved through the analysis of substantial quantities of location‐based data, resulting in the generation of mobility flows within a city. Our experiment, designed to extract various features and generate fine‐grained mobility flows in the testing set, outperforms both traditional models and state‐of‐the‐art deep learning models. Moreover, our model has proven capable of generating reliable results across various time periods and grid areas.
Non‐territorial autonomy in Russia during the revolution and the civil war
Authors: Nam Irina 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the numerous attempts at implementing the idea of non‐territorial autonomy (NTA) during the revolution and civil war in Russia in 1917–1922, when the fate of the disintegrating multinational empire was being discussed. Projects of Russian political parties offered various options for the implementation of NTA—from a universal model for solving national problems to an alternative to the territorial option and to specific projects intended for ethnic minorities only. The Constitutional Democrats, whose main priority was the indivisibility of Russia, saw NTA as a counterweight to the increasingly influential federalist movement. The Socialist parties envisaged the possibility of both territorial and non‐territorial solutions to the national question. The idea of NTA was embodied in the projects of the national movements of Jews, Germans and Ukrainians; in the national‐religious movement of Muslim Turko‐Tatars; and in the activities of the provisional democratic governments in the country's east, that is, the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly, the Provisional Siberian Government based in Omsk and the Ministry of National Affairs of the Far Eastern Republic.
Using Discrete Choice Experiments to Measure the Preferences of Older People for Home Care Services in China
Authors: Xu Yue , Xiao Danni , Li Yuchang , Hu Linlin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe global aging demographic trend has led to an increased demand for home care services among older people. We measured the preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) of older adults in China for home care services using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) design. A total of 496 valid responses from older adults were included. The analysis was performed using conditional logit and mixed logit models to estimate utility parameters, WTP, and uptake rates. The attributes for home care services included the following: home care service content, service quality, supervision, and feedback collection during service provision, and out‐of‐pocket payment. The findings indicated that respondents were willing to pay RMB 197.487 more per month for medical care services, RMB 76.227 more per month for higher quality services, and RMB 134.397 more for services with supervision. Improving these attributes could increase the likelihood of older adults using home care services by 29.33%. Policymakers should reduce the economic burden on older adults, enhancing service content as well as supervision and quality to improve the acceptability and sustainability of home care services.
Small Intestinal Slow Wave Dysrhythmia and Blunted Postprandial Responses in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zhu Ying , Gong Shiyuan , Li Shiying , Li Yan , Wang Yan , Wu Gaojue , Chen Jiande D. Z. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundGastric dysmotility and gastric slow wave dysrhythmias have been well documented in patients with diabetes. However, little is known on the effect of hyperglycemia on small intestine motility, such as intestinal slow waves, due to limited options in measuring its activity. Moreover, food intake and digestion process have been reported to alter the small intestine motility in normal rats, but their roles in that of diabetic rats remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect of hyperglycemia on small intestinal myoelectrical activity (IMA) and responses to various meals in diabetic and normal rats.MethodsIMA was recorded via chronically implanted serosal electrodes in the proximal small intestine in rats with type 2 diabetes induced by high‐fat diet feeding followed by a low dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) and normal rats. The percentage of normal slow wave (%NSW), dominant power, and dominant frequency (DF) were assessed from the IMA under various conditions. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and blood was collected via the tail vein at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after glucose administration for the measurement of blood glucose. Regular laboratory chow, high‐fat diet, and small or large nutrient liquid meal were used to explore IMA responses to different meals in diabetic and normal rats.Results(1) Compared with a postprandial increase in DF in normal rats (p = 0.007), diabetic rats showed a blunted postprandial response in DF (p = 0.145) after a regular chow. However, no difference was found in %NSW between diabetic and normal rats in both fasting and fed states; (2) In the fasting state, %NSW was correlated with the blood glucose level in diabetic rats (r = −0.817, p = 0.004, N = 8) as well as HbA1C (r = −0.871, p = 0.005, N = 8). After glucose administration, the increase in blood glucose was correlated with a decrease in %NSW (r = −0.655, p < 0.001, N = 8). (3) %NSW in diabetic rats during the 30‐min postprandial state was not altered after a meal, either liquid or solid, regular or high‐fat diet, small or large meal, suggesting an absence of gastric‐small intestinal reflex.ConclusionsIn type 2 diabetic rats, the regularity of intestinal slow waves is negatively correlated with the blood glucose level in both fasting and fed states. Diabetic rats exhibit a blunted postprandial response in intestinal slow waves compared with normal rats. There seems to be a lack of gastric‐small intestinal reflex upon food ingestion in diabetic rats.
The role of adipogenic niche resident cells in colorectal cancer progression in relation to obesity
Authors: Domagalski Mikołaj , Olszańska Joanna , Pietraszek‐Gremplewicz Katarzyna , Nowak Dorota 
Published: January 2025

SummaryColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and has one of the highest mortality rates. Considering its nonlinear etiology, many risk factors are associated with CRC formation and development, with obesity at the forefront. Obesity is regarded as one of the key environmental risk determinants for the pathogenesis of CRC. Excessive food intake and a sedentary lifestyle, together with genetic predispositions, lead to the overgrowth of adipose tissue along with a disruption in the number and function of its building cells. Adipose tissue‐resident cells may constitute part of the CRC microenvironment. Alterations in their physiology and secretory profiles observed in obesity may further contribute to CRC progression, and despite similar localization, their contributions are not equivalent. They can interact with CRC cells, either directly or indirectly, influencing various processes that contribute to tumorigenesis. The main aim of this review is to provide insights into the diversity of adipose tissue resident cells, namely, adipocytes, adipose stromal cells, and immunological cells, regarding the role of particular cell types in co‐forming the CRC microenvironment. The scope of this study was also devoted to the abnormalities in adipose tissue physiology observed in obesity states and their impact on CRC development.
Celebrating the Pyrite Anniversary of the Congressional Budget Act
Authors: Meyers Roy T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe congressional budget process has not aged well after years of polarized partisan competition. Republicans, who now control government, may enact budget resolutions and reconciliation bills, or instead end the filibuster. Though debt levels need to be reduced, Republicans favor tax cuts. This places the burden on spending cuts, which lack an election mandate, and that will be opposed strenuously by beneficiaries. Republicans plan to outsource the generation of spending cuts to a nonexpert “Department of Government Efficiency,” and to empower the President to impound funds. The conditions of President Trump's reelection will endanger the legitimacy of budget decisions.
Understanding the war in Ukraine: Comparing knowledge and bias in Russia and the U.S.
Authors: Beattie Peter , Sherstoboeva Elena 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhat mass publics know about foreign affairs is of great importance in international politics. Knowledge and ignorance probabilistically delimit the range of opinions likely to form on foreign affairs issues. Military strategists understand the importance of “information warfare,” since publics apply foreign affairs knowledge to form opinions that may help or hinder a government's foreign policy goals. However, little research has investigated what the Russian and U.S. publics know about the invasion of Ukraine. By using a signal detection technique to assess the accuracy of, and bias in, knowledge related to the war in its first few months, this study provides insight into the knowledge both publics used to form opinions about the conflict in mid‐2022. The results indicate that both groups have more accurate knowledge pertaining to the dominant narrative in the opposing country, compared to the dominant narrative in their own country. Both groups evinced greater bias toward their own‐country narrative, with Russians more biased than Americans. These results are connected to differences and similarities in the two countries' media systems and political contexts. Normative implications differ; from a classical realist international relations perspective, public ignorance is expected and irrelevant, but some versions of democratic theory require unbiased and accurate knowledge found absent here.
Attempted ablation of an orbital cyst in a dog with 1% polidocanol using fluoroscopy and contrast cystography
Authors: Matthews Marissa R. , Jones Katrina E. V. , Flanders Hannah , Wotman Kathryn , Cleymaet Allison , Scansen Brian A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA 4‐year‐old female spayed mixed‐breed dog received enucleation surgery of the right eye in 2018 following the diagnosis of glaucoma. The patient was presented in 2021 for recurrent swelling of the right orbit. Ultrasound confirmed the presence of a cystic structure, and chemical ablation with 1% polidocanol (compounded, Stokes Pharmacy, Mt. Laurel, NJ) and contrast cystography was elected for treatment. Iodinated contrast was injected under fluoroscopy and after no leakage was noted, the contrast was aspirated from the orbital cyst and immediately followed by an injection of 1% polidocanol solution. The orbital cyst collapsed within 24 h but returned 25 days post‐injection. A second attempt was made for chemical cyst wall ablation with 1% polidocanol foam and ultrasound guidance. The orbital cyst returned 12 weeks post 1% polidocanol foam injection, and the patient presented for surgical removal. Histopathology revealed an orbital conjunctival inclusion cyst associated with granulomatous and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. Histopathology confirmed that the draining cyst was lined by conjunctiva and likely represented conjunctival remnants from the previous enucleation. This report describes fluoroscopic guidance for sclerotherapy in the treatment of a post‐enucleation orbital cyst in a dog. Contrast cystography may be useful to verify catheter position and demonstrate cyst margins prior to injection. This case report highlights the importance of complete conjunctival excision during enucleation.
Another traveler’s tale: African tick-bite fever
Authors: Brunet A. , Leplatois A. , Lier Clement , Limelette A. , N’Guyen Y. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background
In the present report, we discuss the clinical and species-specific diagnosis of African tick-bite fever.

Case Summary

A 58-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for fever, headache, and myalgia. The clinical examination yielded only two small purpuric lesions with a dark center on the thigh and the abdomen. The patient reported that he had just returned from a 10-day trip to the eastern region of South Africa, and that he had hiked through the bush in Eswatini 7 days before the onset of fever. The white blood cell count showed lymphopenia, and the C reactive protein and alanine aminotransferase levels were mildly elevated. The diagnoses of bacteremia, malaria, COVID 19, and arboviruses were ruled out. Both the diagnoses of African tick-bite fever and Mediterranean spotted fever were plausible because both
Rickettsia africae
and
Rickettsia conorii
are present in South Africa. The presence of two skin lesions presumed to be necrotic eschars was a bit more suggestive of African tick-bite fever. Treatment with doxycycline was started once blood serology and a biopsy of the abdominal lesion had been performed. The outcome was rapidly favorable. A PCR assay performed on the abdominal eschar confirmed the involvement of
R. africae,
while the successive serological assays did not.

Conclusion
Numerous necrotic eschars without secondary maculopapular rash affecting the sole and palms are more commonly observed in African tick-bite fever than in Mediterranean spotted fever.
Association between thyroid dysfunction and insulin resistance: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Krishnamurthy Hari , Suresh Chithra , Siriwardhane Thushani , Krishna Karthik , Song Qi , Jayaraman Vasanth , Wang Tianhao , Bei Kang , Rajasekaran John J 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between thyroid disease and diabetes markers.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe study was conducted in a diagnostic setting where the primary care providers recommended the patients to test for thyroid and diabetes panels.ParticipantsThe thyroid and diabetes markers were tested in 32 787 subjects with suspected thyroid and related conditions who visited Vibrant America Clinical Laboratory between January 2015 and June 2019.ResultsOur general prevalence results showed that homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was elevated in overt hypothyroid subjects (43.7%) and overt hyperthyroid subjects (42.2%). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) was elevated in subclinical hypothyroid subjects (19.2%), overt hypothyroid subjects (22.3%) and overt hyperthyroid subjects (21.2%). Glucose was significantly elevated in subclinical hypothyroid subjects (24.2%) and overt hyperthyroid subjects (31.0%). Insulin was significantly elevated in overt hypothyroid subjects (15.1%). Interestingly, we found that 70.3% of subjects who had their HOMA-IR score escalated from negative (HOMA-IR<2.7) to positive (HOMA-IR>2.7) during their multiple visits had anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) 369 (±242) days prior to the onset of this change.ConclusionOur findings showed that anti-TPO levels are elevated before the onset of insulin resistance, indicating its potential use as a predictive marker.
Prevalence and factors associated with neonatal sepsis in Mali: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Traoré Fatoumata Bintou , Camara Bienvenu Salim , Diallo Elhadj Marouf , Sidibé Cheick Sidya , Diallo Alhassane , Sidibé Sidikiba , LY Birama Apho , Yaro Fatimata , Traoré Mariam , Dembelé Haoua , Touré Abdoulaye , Camara Alioune , Delamou Alexandre , Sangho Hamadoun 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to selected health facilities in the Bamako district and Koulikoro region in Mali.DesignThis is a prospective cross-sectional study. Data were analyses using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.SettingThis facility-based study was conducted in four health facilities consisting of two hospitals and two reference health centres in Mali.ParticipantsThe study participants comprised 795 randomly selected neonates and their indexed mother.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome of the study was the prevalence of sepsis in the considered health facilities. The other variables of interest were risk factors for sepsis.ResultsThe prevalence of neonatal sepsis among the study population was 21.00%. More than 74% of sepsis cases were early onset (<72 hours). Neonatal age <7 days (AOR=2.79, 95% CI 1.59 to 4.89, p=0.000), low birth weight <2500 g (AOR=2.88, 95% CI 1.41 to 5.86, p=0.003), Apgar score <7 (AOR=4.03, 95% CI 3.09 to 5.24, p=0.000), mother with no education (AOR=2.24, 95% CI 1.15 to 4.33, p=0.02), maternal fever (AOR=2.31, 95% CI 1.53 to 3.53, p=0.000), prolonged rupture of membranes (AOR=1.87, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.54, p=0.04) and prolonged labour (AOR=2, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.88, p=0.04) were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis.ConclusionThe prevalence of sepsis in Mali is still high. Given the country’s current security context, the findings in this study can support prevention activities, particularly given the limited resources available. It is essential to facilitate antenatal and postnatal visits, to promote in-facility births and rigorous monitoring of neonates at high risk of sepsis. Furthermore, it would be beneficial for future research on neonatal sepsis to include neonates born at home.