bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of MRI in Early Detection of Non-Neoplastic Articular Causes of Hip Joint Disability in Adults
Authors: Nassef Mohamed Amin , Hashish Mahmoud Ahmed Ibrahim , Hemida Ragab Samir Ibrahem 
Published: August 2023

Background
Painful hip is a common problem in the absence of a known acute trauma, it can be a diagnostic problem as it can be attributed to many causes. The most common causes are avascular necrosis, transient osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, FAI or inflammatory causes.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to clarify the role of MRI in diagnosis of the etiology of hip pain in adults that causes hip joint disability and to compare between the accuracy of both conventional radiography and MRI in various abnormalities and conventional MRI and MR arthrography in FAI and labrum tear.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on 96 symptomatic patients (14 males and 16 females with age ranged from 18 to 68 years) diagnosed clinically with hip joint disability due to certain hip pathology at Orthopedic and Physiotherapy Departments and referred to Radiodiagnosis Department of Ain shams University Hospitals.

Results
After statistical analysis of the results depending on the final outcome of the cases, it was found that MRI is more sensitive and specific than conventional radiography in detection of different hip joint pathologies with MRI sensitivity, specificity, and total accuracy ranging from 80 to 100% and conventional radiography sensitivity and specificity and total accuracy ranging from 50 to 90 %.

Conclusion
MRI has become an essential imaging modality in musculoskeletal system in general and in hip region specifically. It is a non-invasive technique with no radiation hazards, informative and essential in painful hip.
Role of DWI/ADC in the Assessment of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Its Correlation to Gleason Score
Authors: El khalek Yasser Ibrahim Abd , Mohamed Mohamed Yosry , Hassan Rewan Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Background
Cancer prostate represents a major health problem. it is one of the most common solid malignancies among male population. Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered one of the most common cancers among male population. Its incidence increases with age, ranging from 34% in the fifth decade, to 70% over the 80 years.

Aim of the Work
The objective of the study is to correlate and compare the DWI and ADC values of prostate cancer with the histopathological grading via Gleason score.

Patients and Methods
During a period of 6 months duration thirty patients were enrolled in the study. All patients with elevated PSA values greater than 4 ng/ml underwent sextant TRUS guided biopsies. MRI examination was done either prior to the TRUS biopsy or at least 3 weeks after the TRUS biopsy.

Results
In our study, we found that the ADC values correlated significantly with Gleason score of prostate cancer based on TRUS biopsy with significant p value &lt; 0.001 and were significantly predictive of high-grade prostate cancer. This outcome agrees with recent reports that found an inverse correlation between ADC and Gleason score. They confrmed the correlation between ADC derived DWI and tumor alteration. ADC analysis seems to show a high capability in defining the tumor aggressiveness, as in monitoring radiation therapy effect or surgical recurrence.

Conclusion
ADC values showed a negative correlation with GS. This study suggests that ADC values may allow the noninvasive assessment of biological aggressiveness of prostate cancer, which may contribute in targeting biopsy to MRI-positive foci using a fusion of MRI and transrectal ultrasound. Incorporating the GS on targeted biopsy with the ADC value will further improve the detection of highgrade cancer foci also plays a role in planning initial treatment strategies.
The moral economy of land: from land reform to ownership society, 1880–2018
Authors: Dobeson Alexander , Kohl Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article offers a comparative-historical perspective on the moral economy of land. We reconstruct the moral economy of the popular land reform movement that opposed the illegitimate income streams of rentiers and speculators in the early 20th century, tracing the movement’s legacy through a long-run analysis of political party platforms since 1880 in the USA, the UK, Germany and Sweden. We find that the land reformers’ conceptualization of land as a moral good was a key topic in early 20th-century party politics. Parties across the political spectrum called for wide-ranging interventions in unregulated land markets. But despite the movement’s relative success, the new ideal of the ownership society soon gained ground as an alternative to the more radical politics of land decommodification. We find growing multipartisan support for small property owners over time, culminating in the rise of a new moral conceptualization of land as capital. With the recent comeback of the land question, both rural and urban, we conclude that an understanding of historical land reform debates should inform future research toward a much-needed sociology of land.
Uterine cancer deaths certified as part unspecified: an unsolved issue
Authors: Esposito Giovanna , Santucci Claudia , Parazzini Fabio , Mignozzi Silvia , Malvezzi Matteo , La Vecchia Carlo , Negri Eva 
Published: August 2023

Objective
A large percentage of uterine cancer deaths worldwide are not attributed to the cervix or corpus, but classified as uterus part ‘unspecified’. We provided the trend for the proportion of uterine cancer deaths certified as ‘unspecified’ in selected countries.

Methods
We derived the proportions of ‘unspecified’ uterine cancers for 20 selected high- and middle-income countries with reliable death certification over the period 1994–2021, using official mortality data from the WHO database coded according to the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases.

Results
For the earliest available year, the proportion of deaths classified as ‘unspecified’ uterine cancers ranged from 5.8% in Mexico to 65.6% in Italy. In some countries only, this proportion decreased over time. For 10 countries the proportion of ‘unspecified’ uterus in the most recent available year was around 20%. The proportion of deaths at 20–44 years registered as uterus ‘unspecified’ was lower for all countries during the study period.

Conclusion
A substantial number of uterine cancer deaths worldwide coded as ‘unspecified’ was observed, also in high-income countries where death certification for other common neoplasms is accurate. Valid attribution of uterine cancer deaths to the cervix or corpus is feasible and should be adopted.
Implementation of upfront DPYD genotyping with a low-cost and high-throughput assay to guide fluoropyrimidine treatment in cancer patients
Authors: Pinheiro Manuela , Peixoto Ana , Rocha Patrícia , Santos Catarina , Escudeiro Carla , Veiga Isabel , Porto Miguel , Guerra Joana , Barbosa Ana , Pinto Carla , Arinto Patrícia , Resende Adriana , Teixeira Manuel R. 
Published: August 2023

Objectives
Genetic variants in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) gene are associated with reduced dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase enzyme activity and can cause severe fluoropyrimidine-related toxicity. We assessed the frequency of the four most common and well-established DPYD variants associated with fluoropyrimidine toxicity and implemented a relatively low-cost and high-throughput genotyping assay for their detection.

Methods
This study includes 457 patients that were genotyped for the DPYD c.1129-5923C>G, c.1679T>G, c.1905 + 1G>A and c.2846A>T variants, either by Sanger sequencing or kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) technology. Of these, 172 patients presented toxicity during treatment with fluoropyrimidines (post-treatment group), and 285 were tested before treatment (pretreatment group).

Results
Heterozygous DPYD variants were identified in 7.4% of the entire series of 457 patients, being the c.2846A>T the most frequent variant. In the post-treatment group, 15.7% of the patients presented DPYD variants, whereas only 2.5% of the patients in the pretreatment group presented a variant. The KASP assays designed in this study presented 100% genotype concordance with the results obtained by Sanger sequencing.

Conclusions
The combined assessment of the four DPYD variants in our population increases the identification of patients at high risk for developing fluoropyrimidine toxicity, supporting the upfront routine implementation of DPYD variant genotyping. Furthermore, the KASP genotyping assay described in this study presents a rapid turnaround time and relatively low cost, making upfront DPYD screening feasible in clinical practice.
Understanding factors affecting the integration of geriatric nurse practitioners into health systems
Authors: Porat-Dahlerbruch Joshua , Ratz Shoshana , Aaron Eliana , Ellen Moriah 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Geriatric nurse practitioners (NPs) are introduced into health systems to alleviate provider shortages and improve care for older adults. To achieve these goals, geriatric NPs must be integrated into the health system such that they can efficaciously practice. Internationally, little is known about factors affecting the integration of NPs. Such evidence would improve policymaking and the impact of geriatric NPs on care. In Israel, geriatric NPs were recently introduced. Their ongoing integration is an exemplar for other countries.

Purpose:
To identify factors affecting the integration of geriatric NPs in Israel and discuss application of these factors in international policy and research.

Methodology:
The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided this qualitative descriptive study. A semistructured interview guide was used to collect data from four professional groups (geriatric NPs, physicians, administrators, and policymakers), which, together, provide a system-level perspective. Factors were identified using deductive content analysis and designated as facilitators, barriers, neutral, or mixed effects.

Results:
There were 58 participants across the four professional groups. Twenty-eight factors were identified, including patient needs and leadership engagement (facilitators), available information (barrier), culture (mixed), and evidence strength (neutral). Perspectives on several factors differed by the professional group's role in integrating NPs (e.g., costs).

Conclusions:
The barriers highlight lacking interprofessional support from a priori policymaking and communication breakdowns. Policies should reflect priorities of administrators, clinicians, and policymakers.

Implications:
These factors may inform policymaking in other countries but would be most effective if based on country-specific research. This implementation science approach may inform future studies.
Prevalence, Predictive Factors, and Clinical Manifestations of Fungal Esophagitis in Children
Authors: Correia Alison A. , Weber Martin A. , Krishnan Usha 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
Fungal esophagitis (FE) is the most common cause of esophageal infection and its prevalence in immunocompetent adults is rising. However, there is minimal data on FE in children without human immunodeficiency virus. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, symptoms, endoscopic appearances, and predictive factors of FE in children, regardless of immune status.

Methods:
A 2010–2020 retrospective case-control study was conducted on 1823 children presenting to Sydney Children’s Hospital for elective endoscopy with esophageal biopsy. Histopathology reports were reviewed to identify FE cases and determine prevalence rates. Thirty-two patients with FE were age- and sex-matched (1:2) to 64 controls. Significant symptoms and risk factors of FE were identified via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:
The prevalence of FE in children was 1.76%. Common symptoms included dysphagia (25%), heartburn (25%), poor oral intake (21.9%), vomiting (18.8%), cough (15.6%), nausea (12.5%), and weight loss (9.4%). No significant differences in symptoms were found between cases and controls. On endoscopy, although white plaques were associated with FE (P < 0.001), visually normal findings were reported in 28.1% of cases. Topical swallowed corticosteroids were a significant independent risk factor for FE (adjusted odds ratio = 10.740, 95% confidence interval: 1.213–95.101, P = 0.033).

Conclusions:
The prevalence of FE in this pediatric cohort reflects rates among immunocompetent adults. Given that many of these children presented with a wide range of gastrointestinal symptoms, esophageal biopsy is required to accurately diagnose FE. Pediatricians should consider the risk of FE when prescribing topical swallowed corticosteroids.
Pseudokordiimonas caeni gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge
Authors: Li Na , Yang Yingxin , Wu Jing , Zhang Hao , Liu Bin , He Jian 
Published: August 2023

A bacterial strain designated as LB-31T was isolated from activated sludge. Strain LB-31T was Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped with a single polar flagellum. The isolate grew at 15–37 °C, pH 5.5–8.5 and 0.5–8.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 3.55 Mb, a G+C content of 61.1 mol% and 3222 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain LB-31T formed a phyletic lineage that was distinct from the three known genus within the family

Kordiimonadaceae

. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain LB-31T to all recognized bacterial species was no more than 94 %. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain LB-31T and its phylogenetic neighbours were below 72 and 22 %, respectively. The average amino acid identity values for strain LB-31T and its closed phylogenetic neighbours

Kordiimonas

and

Eilatimonas

were below 63%, supporting that strain LB-31T was a member of a novel genus. The predominant respiratory quinone is Q-10, the fatty acid profile predominantly consisted of iso-C17 : 1
ω9c, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C15 : 02-OH/C16 : 1
ω7c), and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain LB-31T represents a novel species of a novel genus in the family

Kordiimonadaceae

, for which the name Pseudokordiimonas caeni gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pseudokordiimonas caeni is LB-31T (=GDMCC 1.3625T=KCTC 92687T).
Pseudo-neighbourhoods: Approximating the Social Characteristics of Saskatoon’s Locally-Defined Neighbourhoods using Statistics Canada’s Census Profiles
Authors: Marouzi Anousheh , Plante Charles , Neudorf Cory 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is a growing desire to use social data to support local evidence-based health planning and decision-making. However, the geographic boundaries which social data are disseminated for do not usually align exactly with boundaries used by local health organizations. In this paper, we propose a method we call “pseudo-geography” to estimate counts for locally-defined geographic boundaries using data on smaller spatial units. We compared six different pseudo-geography methods, using data in Saskatoon, and identified the most accurate one, which incorporates the area-weighted spatial join technique. We further found that the pseudo-geography method can be refined by eliminating the areas with few or no residents before carrying out any spatial joins. We expect this method to be more accurate in larger cities and when the ratio of the locally-defined area to the smaller spatial units gets larger.
An Incognito Standardized Patient Approach for Measuring and Reducing Intersectional Healthcare Stigma
Authors: Smith M. Kumi , Luo Danyang , Meng Siyan , Fei Yunqing , Zhang Wei , Tucker Joseph , Wei Chongyi , Tang Weiming , Yang Ligang , Joyner Benny L , Huang Shujie , Wang Cheng , Yang Bin , Sylvia Sean Y 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundConsistent evidence highlights the role of stigma in impairing healthcare access in people living with HIV (PLWH), men who have sex with men (MSM), and people with both identities. We developed an incognito standardized patient (SP) approach to obtain observations of providers to inform a tailored, relevant, and culturally appropriate stigma reduction training. Our pilot cluster randomized control trial assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of an intervention to reduce HIV stigma, anti-gay stigma, and intersectional stigma.MethodsDesign of the intervention was informed by the results of a baseline round of incognito visits in which SPs presented standardized cases to consenting doctors. The HIV status and sexual orientation of each case was randomly varied, and stigma was quantified as differences in care across scenarios. Care quality was measured in terms of diagnostic testing, diagnostic effort, and patient-centered care. Impact of the training, which consisted of didactic, experiential, and discussion-based modules, was assessed by analyzing results of a follow-up round of SP visits using linear fixed effects regression models.ResultsFeasibility and acceptability among the 55 provider participants was high. We had a 87.3% recruitment rate and 74.5% completion rate of planned visits (N=238) with no adverse events. Every participant found the training content “highly useful” or “useful.” Preliminary effects suggest that, relative to the referent case (HIV negative straight man), the intervention positively impacted testing for HIV negative MSM (0.05 percentage points [PP], 95% CI,-0.24, 0.33) and diagnostic effort in HIV positive MSM (0.23 standard deviation [SD] improvement, 95% CI, -0.92, 1.37). Patient-centered care only improved for HIV positive straight cases post-training relative to the referent group (SD, 0.57; 95% CI, -0.39, 1.53). All estimates lacked statistical precision, an expected outcome of a pilot RCT.ConclusionsOur pilot RCT demonstrated high feasibility, acceptability, and several areas of impact for an intervention to reduce enacted healthcare stigma in a low-/middle-income country setting. The relatively lower impact of our intervention on care outcomes for PLWH suggests that future trainings should include more clinical content to boost provider confidence in the safe and respectful management of patients with HIV.
Disrupted excitation-inhibition balance in cognitively normal individuals at risk of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fortel Igor , Zhan Liang , Ajilore Olusola , Wu Yichao , Mackin Scott , Leow Alex 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSex differences impact Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology, but cell-to-network level dysfunctions in the prodromal phase are unclear. Alterations in hippocampal excitation-inhibition balance (EIB) have recently been linked to early AD pathology.ObjectiveExamine how AD risk factors (age, APOE-ɛ4, amyloid-β) relate to hippocampal EIB in cognitively normal males and females using connectome-level measures.MethodsIndividuals from the OASIS-3 cohort (age 42-95) were studied (N = 437), with a subset aged 65+ undergoing neuropsychological testing (N = 231).ResultsIn absence of AD risk factors (APOE-ɛ4/Aβ+), whole-brain EIB decreases with age more significantly in males than females (p = 0.021, β = -0.007). Regression modeling including APOE-ɛ4 allele carriers (Aβ-) yielded a significant positive AGE-by-APOE interaction in the right hippocampus for females only (p = 0.013, β = 0.014), persisting with inclusion of Aβ+ individuals (p = 0.012, β = 0.014). Partial correlation analyses of neuropsychological testing showed significant associations with EIB in females: positive correlations between right hippocampal EIB with categorical fluency and whole-brain EIB with the trail-making test (p < 0.05).ConclusionSex differences in EIB emerge during normal aging and progresses differently with AD risk. Results suggest APOE-ɛ4 disrupts hippocampal balance more than amyloid in females. Increased excitation correlates positively with neuropsychological performance in the female group, suggesting a duality in terms of potential beneficial effects prior to cognitive impairment. This underscores the translational relevance of APOE-ɛ4 related hyperexcitation in females, potentially informing therapeutic targets or early interventions to mitigate AD progression in this vulnerable population.
Gender differences in submission behavior exacerbate publication disparities in elite journals
Authors: Basson Isabel , Ni Chaoqun , Badia Giovanna , Tufenkji Nathalie , Sugimoto Cassidy R. , Larivière Vincent 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWomen are particularly underrepresented in journals of the highest scientific impact, with substantial consequences for their careers. While a large body of research has focused on the outcome and the process of peer review, fewer articles have explicitly focused on gendered submission behavior and the explanations for these differences. In our study of nearly five thousand active authors, we find that women are less likely to report having submitted papers and, when they have, to submit fewer manuscripts, on average, than men. Women were more likely to indicate that they did not submit their papers (in general and their subsequently most cited papers) toScience, Nature, orPNASbecause they were advised not to. In the aggregate, no statistically significant difference was observed between men and women in how they rated the quality of their work. Nevertheless, regardless of discipline, women were more likely than men to indicate that their “work was not ground-breaking or sufficiently novel”as a rationale for not submitting to one of the listed prestigious journals. Men were more likely than women to indicate that the “work would fit better in a more specialized journal.” We discuss the implications of these findings and interventions that can serve to mitigate the disparities caused by gendered differences in submission behavior.SignificancePublishing in high-impact scholarly journals has a significant effect on researchers’ careers. Our findings identify factors that affect submission toScience, Nature, and theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America(PNAS) and explore whether there is a relationship between gender and desk rejections or submission rates. We found no relationship between gender and reported desk rejection and a relationship between gender and reported submissions. Women were more likely than men to indicate that their “work was not ground-breaking or sufficiently novel” for the listed prestigious journals and that they were advised against submitting to these venues. Men were more likely to indicate that the “work would fit better in a more specialized journal.”