bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolithically Integrated BiVO4/Si Tandem Devices Enabling Unbiased Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Jung Gihun , Moon Choongman , Martinho Filipe , Jung Yonghoon , Chu Jinwoo , Park Hyewon , Hajijafarassar Alireza , Nielsen Rasmus , Schou Jørgen , Park Jeongyoung , Vesborg Peter Christian Kjærgaard , Hansen Ole , Lee Yun Seog , Canulescu Stela , Shin Byungha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting device based on a dual‐junction monolithic tandem cell that utilizes NiOOH/FeOOH/BiVO4/SnO2/Ta:SnO2 (TTO)/tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) Si is reported. The PEC device achieves a maximum photocurrent density of 1.4 mA cm−2 (equal to a solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of 1.72%) in 1.0 m potassium borate solution (pH 9) when illuminated with air mass 1.5 G simulated solar irradiation, which is the highest value among dual‐junction monolithic photoelectrochemical cells except for III–V materials. The TOPCon Si not only works as an appropriate bottom photoelectrode for subsequent high‐temperature BiVO4 processing but also offers a high photovoltage of 590 mV. Transparent and conductive TTO grown by pulsed laser deposition serves as a recombination layer to achieve effective integration. In addition, the TTO provides chemical and physical protection, allowing the surface of the TOPCon Si to exhibit 24 h of tandem cell stability under weak base electrolyte conditions. The SnO2 hole‐blocking layer inserted between TTO and BiVO4 enhances the charge separation of BiVO4, allowing the device to achieve high efficiency. Artificial leaf‐type monolithic tandem cells consisting of NiFe/BiVO4/SnO2/TTO/TOPCon Si/Ag/Ti/Pt with a solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 0.44% are also demonstrated.
Validation of the Numen Field by the Energy Conditions in the Early Universe
Authors: Melia Fulvio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe energy conditions in general relativity are introduced to establish powerful theorems without having to restrict their applicability to specific choices of the stress‐energy tensor. They are famously invoked, e.g., to prove the singularity theorems of Penrose and Hawking, but have also been applied elsewhere, including various tests of certain cosmological theories. These conditions have become somewhat controversial, however, because they appear to be violated by commonly accepted scenarios, such as inflation shortly after the Big Bang and late‐time acceleration of the cosmic expansion. But accommodating these processes by abandoning all of the energy conditions will promote other disquieting possibilities, including the breakdown of causality with traversable wormholes and closed timeloops. This paper advocates for the opposite viewpoint, demonstrating that the ‘numen’ scalar field, derived from the zero active mass condition in general relativity, satisfies all of the energy conditions in the early Universe. This unique feature among scalar fields adds to its success in accounting for the observed properties of the cosmic microwave background better than its inflationary counterpart. Specifically, numen's complete consistency with all of the energy conditions, and inflation's violation of at least one of them, provides additional justification for theoretically favoring the former over the latter.
Stabilizing Pt Single Atoms through Pt−Se Electron Bridges on Vacancy‐enriched Nickel Selenide for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Zanyu , Li Xiaopeng , Zhao Jun , Zhang Shiyu , Wang Jiajun , Zhang Hong , Zhang Jinfeng , Dong Qiujiang , Zhang Wanxing , Hu Wenbin , Han Xiaopeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRational design of Pt single‐atom catalysts provides a promising strategy to significantly improve the electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction. In this work, we presented a novel and efficient strategy for utilizing the low electron‐density region of substrate to effectively trap and confine high electron‐density metal atoms. The Pt single‐atom catalyst supported by nickel selenide with rich vacancies was prepared via a hydrothermal‐impregnation stepwise approach. Through experimental testation and DFT theoretical calculation, we confirm that Pt single atoms are well distributed at cationic vacancies of nickel selenide with loading amount of 3.2 wt. %. Moreover, the atomic Pt combined with the high electronegative Se to form Pt−Se bond as a “bridge” between single atoms and substrate for fast electron translation. This novel catalyst shows an extremely low overpotential of 45 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and an excellent stability over 120 h. Furthermore, the nickel selenide supported Pt SACs exhibits long‐term stability for practical application, which maintains a high current density of 390 mA cm−2 over 80 h with a retention of 99 %. This work points a promising direction for designing single atoms catalysts with high catalytic activity and stability for advanced green energy conversion technologies.
Using Aggregation to Chaperone Nanoparticles Across Fluid Interfaces
Authors: Fu Yuchen , Zhao Sai , Fan Yulong , Ho Yannis Yan Lum , Wang Yufeng , Lei Dangyuan , Gu Peiyang , Russell Thomas P. , Chai Yu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) transfer is usually induced by adding ligands to modify NP surfaces, but aggregation of NPs oftentimes hampers the transfer. Here, we show that aggregation during NP phase transfer does not necessarily result in transfer failure. Using a model system comprising gold NPs and amphiphilic polymers, we demonstrate an unusual mechanism by which NPs can undergo phase transfer from the aqueous phase to the organic phase via a single‐aggregation‐single pathway. Our discovery challenges the conventional idea that aggregation inhibits NP transfer and provides an unexpected pathway for transferring larger‐sized NPs (>20 nm). The charged amphiphilic polymers effectively act as chaperons for the NP transfer and offer a unique way to manipulate the dispersion and distribution of NPs in two immiscible liquids. Moreover, by intentionally jamming the NP‐polymer assembly at the liquid/liquid interface, the transfer process can be inhibited.
Dual‐emissive Iridium(III) Complexes as Phosphorescent Probes with Orthogonal Responses to Analyte Binding and Oxygen Quenching
Authors: Zhu Rongji , Dai Peiling , Yang Jun , Zhou Jie , Zhang Jin , Zhang Kenneth Yin , Li Yonghua , Liu Shujuan , Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing , Zhao Qiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhosphorescent probes often show sensitive response toward analytes at a specific wavelength. However, oxygen quenching usually occurs at the same wavelength and thus hinders the accurate detection of analytes. In this study, we have developed dual‐emissive iridium(III) complexes that exhibit phosphorescence responses to copper(II) ions at a wavelength distinct from that where oxygen quenching occurs. The complexes displayed colorimetric phosphorescence response in aqueous solutions under different copper(II) and oxygen conditions. In cellular imaging, variation in oxygen concentration over a large range from 5 % to 80 % can modulate the intensity and lifetime of green phosphorescence without affecting the response of red phosphorescence toward intracellular copper(II) ions.
Asymmetric Dearomatization of Phenols via Ligand‐Enabled Cooperative Gold Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Yongliang , Zhao Ke , Li Xinyi , Quintanilla Carlos D. , Zhang Liming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBy employing a chiral bifunctional phosphine ligand, a gold(I)‐catalyzed efficient and highly enantioselective dearomatization of phenols is achieved via versatile metal‐ligand cooperation. The reaction is proven to be remarkably general in scope, permitting substitutions at all four remaining benzene positions, accommodating electron‐withdrawing groups including strongly deactivating nitro, and allowing carbon‐based groups of varying steric bulk including tert‐butyl at the alkyne terminus. Moreover, besides N‐(o‐hydroxyphenyl)alkynamides, the corresponding ynoates and ynones are all suitable substrates. Spirocyclohexadienone‐pyrrol‐2‐ones, spirocyclohexadienone‐butenolides, and spirocyclohexadenone‐cyclopentenones are formed in yields up to 99 % and with ee up to 99 %.
Bis‐ and Tris‐norbornadienes with High Energy Densities for Efficient Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Schulte Robin , Afflerbach Sandra , Paululat Thomas , Ihmels Heiko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMolecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST) systems can convert, store and release solar energy in chemical bonds, i.e., as chemical energy. In this work, phenyl‐ and naphthyl‐linked bis‐ and tris‐norbornadienes are presented as promising MOST systems with very high energy densities. The substrates were synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions and their absorption properties and characteristic parameters for MOST applications were investigated. The norbornadiene derivatives showed absorption onsets of up to 386 nm and photoisomerization quantum yields of 56 % per photoisomerization event. The resulting quadricyclane products have half‐lifes up to 14 d and very high energy densities of up to 734 kJ/kg. Overall, these norbornadienes fulfill necessary criteria for an optimal MOST system and are, therefore, a highly promising basis for the development of materials for efficient solar energy conversion and storage.
Mild Synthesis of Polychlorinated Arenes for Efficient Organic Light‐emitting Diodes with Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Jiao Yihang , Chen Zijian , Qiu Weidong , Xie Hongwei , Yang Jiaji , Peng Xiaomei , Xie Wentao , Gu Qing , Li Mengke , Liu Kunkun , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolychlorinated (hetero)arenes have shown great promise for organic optoelectronics applications. However, the harsh synthetic routes for polychlorinated compounds and the possible luminescence quenching from the compact intermolecular π–π stacking induced by chlorine atoms limit their investigations and applications in luminescent materials. Herein, two isomeric polychlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds JY‐1‐Cl and JY‐2‐Cl consisting of rigidified aryl ketones and amine are designed and synthesized under mild conditions through nucleophilic chlorination intermediated by an electron donor‐acceptor complex. Among them, as a result of the strong π–π interactions induced by chlorine atoms, JY‐2‐Cl exhibits bright monomer and dimer emissions with dual thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characters. Notably, compared with the non‐chlorinated compounds, a high photoluminescence quantum yield is maintained after introducing multiple chlorine atoms into JY‐2‐Cl. The first dual‐TADF organic light‐emitting diodes are also successfully fabricated with maximum external quantum efficiency as high as 29.1 % by employing JY‐2‐Cl as emitter. This work presents a new paradigm and synthesis of polychlorinated amine‐carbonyl PAHs and demonstrates the great potential of the chlorinated materials for luminescent applications.
Preparation of MoS2/diesel dispersion nanofluid and its application in diluent blending‐viscosity reduction technology for heavy oil production
Authors: Fu Lipei , Ren Zhangkun , Jiang Lujun , Chen Wenzheng , Ding Wenli , Liao Kaili , Qiu Xinxin , Chen Lifeng , Shao Minglu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiluent blending‐viscosity reduction technology is an important method for heavy oil exploitation. For conventional diluent blending‐viscosity reduction technology, many disadvantages such as large amount of light oil and poor thermal conductivity limit its development in the oil field. In this paper, nano‐molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with excellent thermal conductivity was added into diesel to improve the thermal conductivity of light oil, and the stability of MoS2/diesel dispersion was improved by adding the dispersant. The effect of diluent blending‐viscosity reduction technology was evaluated using MoS2/diesel dispersion as light oil system. The results showed that the dispersion effect of ultrasonic cell crusher was better than that of a homogenizer and ultrasonic cleaner; the stability of MoS2/diesel dispersions decrease with the increase of the dosage of nanoparticles and with temperature. A certain degree of mechanical oscillation can improve the stability of MoS2/diesel dispersions. Compared with Span‐80 and N,N‐dimethylformamide, the stability was significantly improved when the concentration of succinimide ashless dispersant was 1%. The evaluation of diluent blending‐viscosity reduction technology experiment shows that adding an appropriate dosage of MoS2 can reduce the amount of light oil and improve the viscosity reduction effect at low temperature. When the blending ratio was 5% at 50°C, the viscosity reduction rate of MoS2/diesel dispersion relative to diesel increased by 44.9%. Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce the energy consumption and increase the production of heavy oil by diluent blending‐viscosity reduction technology based on oil‐based nanofluids with high thermal conductivity.
An efficient strategy to design and construct high‐strength and fluorescence poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels via freeze–Thaw cycles
Authors: Li Zhou , Wu Weihang , Chen Sina , Xia Biao , Lin Tengfei , Gao Min , Zhao Chunlin , Wu Xiao , Lin Cong , Yang Weijin , Wang Yu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFluorescent hydrogels are soft materials that can emit light under certain conditions, which makes them attractive for biomedical and engineering applications. Nevertheless, one of the major challenges in developing fluorescent hydrogels is their low mechanical properties. To overcome this challenge, we have developed an efficient method for preparing high‐strength and fluorescence hydrogels via freeze–thaw cycles. This approach offers a promising solution to enhance the mechanical properties of fluorescent hydrogels, which could broaden their applications in various fields. We used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the main component and added 2,4,6‐tri(4‐aminophenyl) triazine (TAPT) as a rigid fluorescent substance. We find that these hydrogels have higher strength than conventional PVA hydrogels. These hydrogels exhibit strong fluorescence. Hydrogen bonds and π‐π stacking between NH2 and PVA construct the network structure. The composite hydrogel has significant mechanical properties, with a maximum tensile strength of 44.7 MPa, maximum elongation at break of 310.1% and Young's modulus of 138.5 MPa. Compared with the PVA hydrogel, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the hydrogel with the addition of 2% TAPT are increased by 292.6% and 153.0%, respectively. TAPT molecules are bound to the inside of the gel network, which makes the composite hydrogels have strong fluorescence. These hydrogels with high strength and fluorescence have a wide range of applications in flexible electronics and information displays.
A Rehmannia glutinosa caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase functional identification: Reconstitution of the ferulic acid biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using Rehmannia glutinosa enzymes
Authors: Yang Yan Hui , Song Hao Wei , Lai Jun Yi , Li Rui Fang , Wang Zi Chao , Jia Hui Cong , Yang Yong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRehmannia glutinosa produces many pharmacological natural components, including ferulic acid (FA) which is also an important precursor of some medicinal ingredients, so it is very significant to explore FA biosynthesis for enhancing the production of FA and its derivations. This study aimed to determine and reconstitute the R. glutinosa FA biosynthetic pathway from phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a safe host for the biosynthesis of plant‐derived products. Although plant caffeic acid O‐methyltransferases (COMTs) are thought to be a vital catalytic enzyme in FA biosynthesis pathways, to date, none of the RgCOMTs in R. glutinosa has been characterized. This study identified an RgCOMT and revealed its protein enzymatic activity for FA production in vitro. The RgCOMT overexpression in R. glutinosa significantly increased FA yield, suggesting that its molecular function is involved in FA biosynthesis. Heterologous expression of the RgCOMT and reported R. glutinosa genes, RgPAL2 (encoding phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase [PAL] protein), RgC4H (cinnamate 4‐hydroxylase [C4H]), and RgC3H (p‐coumarate‐3‐hydroxylase [C3H]), in S. cerevisiae confirmed their catalytic abilities in the reaction steps for the FA biosynthesis. Importantly, in this study, these genes were introduced into S. cerevisiae and coexpressed to reconstitute the R. glutinosa FA biosynthetic pathway from Phe metabolism, thus obtaining an engineered strain that produced an FA titer of 148.34 mg L−1. This study identified the functional activity of RgCOMT and clarified the R. glutinosa FA biosynthesis pathway in S. cerevisiae, paving the way for the efficient production of FA and its derivatives.
Prostate cancer cells synergistically defend against CD8+ T cells by secreting exosomal PD‐L1
Authors: Li Dameng , Zhou Xueying , Xu Wenxian , Chen Yuxin , Mu Chenglong , Zhao Xinchun , Yang Tao , Wang Gang , Wei Liang , Ma Bo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains fatal and incurable, despite a variety of treatments that can delay disease progression and prolong life. Immune checkpoint therapy is a promising treatment. However, emerging evidence suggests that exosomal programmed necrosis ligand 1 (PD‐L1) directly binds to PD‐1 on the surface of T cells in the drain lineage lymph nodes or neutralizes administered PD‐L1 antibodies, resulting in poor response to anti‐PD‐L1 therapy in mCRPC.Materials and MethodsWestern blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to compare PD‐L1 levels in exosomes derived from different prostate cancer cells. PC3 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice, and then ELISA assay was used to detect human specific PD‐L1 in exosomes purified from mouse serum. The function of CD8+ T cells was detected by T cell mediated tumor cell killing assay and FACS analysis. A subcutaneous xenograft model was established using mouse prostate cancer cell RM1, exosomes with or without PD‐L1 were injected every 3 days, and then tumor size and weight were analyzed to evaluate the effect of exosomal PD‐L1.ResultsHerein, we found that exosomal‐PD‐L1 was taken up by tumor cells expressing low levels of PD‐L1, thereby protecting them from T‐cell killing. Higher levels of PD‐L1 were detected in exosomes derived from the highly malignant prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cell lines. Moreover, exosomal PD‐L1 was taken up by the PD‐L1‐low‐expressing LNCaP cell line and inhibited the killing function of CD8‐T cells on tumor cells. The growth rate of RM1‐derived subcutaneous tumors was decreased after knockdown of PD‐L1 in tumor cells, whereas the growth rate recovered following exosomal PD‐L1 tail vein injection. Furthermore, in the serum of mice with PCa subcutaneous tumors, PD‐L1 was mainly present on exosomes.ConclusionIn summary, tumor cells share PD‐L1 synergistically against T cells through exosomes. Inhibition of exosome secretion or prevention of PD‐L1 sorting into exosomes may improve the therapeutic response of prostate tumors to anti‐PD‐L1 therapy.
Growth of community‐based immunotherapy treatment in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Price Megan Ellis , Gordon Sarah , Emmitt Caroline , Ndugga Nambi , Kabdiyeva Aigerim , Mull Hillary , Pizer Steven , Garrido Melissa M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe MISSION and CHOICE Acts expanded the Veterans Health Administration's (VA) capacity to purchase immunotherapy services for VA patients from community‐based providers. Our objective was to identify predictors of community‐based immunotherapy treatment, and assess differences in cost and utilization across community treatment settingsMETHODSWe examined claims for 21,257 patients who started immunotherapy treatment between 2015 and 2020. We assessed growth in VA community‐based immunotherapy care, predictors of community‐based immunotherapy treatment using multivariable logistic regression based on patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. We compared utilization and costs among those who received community‐based immunotherapy services in hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs) versus physician office settings (POs).ResultsThe proportion of community‐based immunotherapy in the VA increased from 5.3% in 2015 to 32.1% in 2020, with total annual costs of immunotherapy growing from $6.1 million to $187 million. Older, married, and rural patients and those with more comorbidities were more likely than younger, single, or urban patients to be treated in the community. Black patients were more likely to be treated in the VA. Respiratory Cancer was the most common cancer type in both settings. Among community immunotherapy patients, we observed no meaningful differences in the number of units administered, the unit drug costs, or the cost per immunotherapy visit between POs and HOPDs.ConclusionDrug costs did not differ widely across HOPDs and POs among VA patients who receive community‐based immunotherapy.
Left segmental hypoplasia of liver with concomitant gallbladder agenesis
Authors: Pandit Narendra , Neupane Durga 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKey Clinical MessageCongenital liver anomalies are rarely reported. To the best of our knowledge and literature review, associated gallbladder agenesis with left hepatic lobe agenesis is extremely rare. The rarity of this condition and its uncertain radiological features often leads to misdiagnosis and unwarranted surgical treatments.
Successful treatment of fungal ball‐associated tinea capitis in a healthy infant: An unusual presentation
Authors: Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Payandeh Atefeh , Rastegarnasab Fereshteh 
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical MessagePresentation of tinea capitis with fungal mass in an infant is extremely rare. Tinea capitis with and without abscess formation is prone to be misdiagnosed in infants and should be considered as a differential diagnosis of inflammatory hair loss in infants and toddlers as well as school‐aged children.AbstractTinea capitis is the scalp fungal infection that most often affects early school children. It rarely affects neonates and adults. The presentation of fungal ball in the setting of tinea capitis is extremely rare. Herein, we describe a 7‐month‐old girl with a fungal ball associated with tinea capitis with a scalp mass adjacent to the scalp dermatophytosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of fungal ball in a healthy infant with tinea capitis.
Insights into the Application of Ultrasound Tomography in the Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Aghajanian Soheil , Koulountzios Panagiotis , Soleimani Manuchehr , Rymarczyk Tomasz , Koiranen Tuomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe application of an ultrasound tomography (UST) system in a liquid‐phase reactive crystallization process is reported. The measurement system was applied to precipitated calcium carbonate processing where liquid Na2CO3 was added to a CaCl2 solution. Analysis of the measured sound velocity signals from the experiments demonstrated a clear change in the average time‐of‐flight (TOF) delay signals, indicating the detection of the onset of the precipitation and the formation of the microcrystalline stable phase of calcite. Moreover, spatial‐centric TOF signals from the tomographic images were associated with an increase in the overall suspension density. These findings highlight the potential of the UST measurement system for studying the solidification phenomenon during CaCO3 precipitation.