bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of seedling salinity tolerance of Bangladeshi coastal rice landraces using morpho-physiological stress indices
Authors: Somaddar Uzzal , Mim Sarah Khanam , Chandra Dey Hridoy , Biswas Ashish 
Published: April 2023

Salt stress has detrimental effects on the growth and development of rice seedlings. In the present study we assessed salt-responsiveness of three coastal rice landraces namely Nona-morchi, Kalihytta and Nara. We conducted two factors pot trial that included five rice genotypes (three candidates coastal rice landraces, Binadhan-10 as tolerant check and BRRI dhan48 as sensitive check) against three salinity levels e.g., control (tap water), 6 and 12 dSm-1 of sodium chloride. Study revealed that, at 12 dSm-1 of salinity, Binadhan-10 showed the lowest reduction in shoot length (14.62%), shoot fresh weight (30.04%) and shoot dry weight (33.71%) which was followed by Nona-morchi, Kalihytta, Nara and BRRI dhan48. Two stress tolerance indices e.g., relative water content (RWC) and electrolyte leakage (EL), also support salt-induced responses of these five rice genotypes. At the highest level of salinity (12 dSm-1), the lowest RWC reduction was observed in Nona-morchi (8.20%) which is followed by
Binadhan-10 (11.38%), Kalihytta (38.93%), BRRI dhan48 (36.30%) and Nara (36.51%). And, the highest EL increased in Nara (40.06%) which is followed by BRRI dhan48 (22.06%), Kalihytta (21.12%), Binadhan-10 (8.64%) and Nona-morchi (5.87%) compared with their respective controls. Importantly, photosynthetic pigments profile (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll) were increased in Nona-morchi (24.48, 15.22 and 21.87%, respectively) and Binadhan-10 (13.75, 12.50 and 13.41%, respectively) and reduced in Kalihytta (7.89, 19.42 and 11.08%, respectively), Nara (27.76, 31.32 and 28.76%, respectively) and BRRI dhan48 (32.73, 36.97 and 34.02%, respectively) at 12 dSm-1 salinity compared with their respective controls. It is to noteworthy that at 6 dSm-1 of salt stress, shoot length significantly decreased in the sensitive check BRRI dhan48 by 23.07%, Kalihytta by 17.32% and Nara by 11.54%. While, no significant effect of 6 dSm-1 of salt stress was observed in Binadhan-10 and Nona-morchi in case of shoot length, root length, shoot fresh and dry weight, EL and RWC . Among the three coastal rice landraces, Nona-morchi found as highly tolerant and Kalihytta were found as moderately tolerant while Nara was identified as sensitive against salt stress (12 dSm-1). In the future, these identified salt tolerant rice genotypes might be the ideal resource for breeding new salt tolerant rice varietie
Exploring the Antioxidant Potential of Hen Egg White Lysozyme N-acetylmuramide Glycan Hydrolase in Full Fat Mozzarella Cheese
Authors: Saleem Iqra , Gulzar Nabila , Nadeem Muhammad 
Published: April 2023

To explore the antioxidant potential of hen egg white lysozyme N-acetylmuramide Glycan hydrolase in full fat Mozzarella cheese, an experiment was conducted where control sample was brined without the addition of lysozyme; while four samples were brined along with 0.02%;w/v (T1), 0.04%;w/v (T2), 0.06%;w/v (T3) and 0.08%;w/v (T4) lysozyme. The antioxidant potential of hen egg white lysozyme in full fat Mozzarella cheese samples were measured through several methods, including 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid assay (ABTS), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, superoxide radical scavenging activity (PMS-NADH system), free fatty acid analysis and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay in a linoleic acid emulsion system. Intensity scale was used to evaluate the sensory characteristics of cheese. The results showed the percentage inhibition for DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion activity in control sample increased up to 30 days; but decreased afterwards till 40 days of storage However in case of lysozyme treated samples % inhibition increased throughout storage. Free fatty acid % in full fat Mozzarella cheese was affected by lysozyme and storage days. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity in α-linoleic acid model system of lysozyme added samples showed lower absorbance at 500 nm showing higher lipid peroxidation inhibition. Furthermore, it was observed that absorbance was decreased till 30 days of storage which increased further upto 40 days storage period. The study showed that addition of lysozyme improved the shelf life and sensory characteristics of full fat Mozzarella cheese.
Keywords: Lysozyme, Antioxidants, N-acetylmuramide Glycan Hydrolase, Full fat Mozzarella cheese,
Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Dielectrics for Energy Conversion: Mechanism, Strategy, and Applications
Authors: Wu Fan , Xie Aming , Jiang Lai , Mukherjee Soumya , Gao Han , Shi Jiaoyan , Wu Jiale , Shang Hongcheng , Sheng Zhengxiao , Guo Ronghui , Wu Lipeng , Liu Jun , Suss Matthew E. , Terzis Alexandros , Li Weijin , Zeng Haibo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDielectric materials with higher energy storage and electromagnetic (EM) energy conversion are in high demand to advance electronic devices, military stealth, and mitigate EM wave pollution. Existing dielectric materials for high‐energy‐storage electronics and dielectric loss electromagnetic wave absorbers are studied toward realizing these goals, each aligned with the current global grand challenges. Libraries of dielectric materials with desirable permittivity, dielectric loss, and/or dielectric breakdown strength potentially meeting the device requirements are reviewed here. Regardless, aimed at translating these into energy storage devices, the oft‐encountered shortcomings can be caused by either of two confluences: a) low permittivity, high dielectric loss, and low breakdown strength; b) low permittivity, low dielectric loss, and process complexity. Contextualizing these aspects and the overarching objectives of enabling high‐efficiency energy storage and EM energy conversion, recent advances in by‐design inorganic–organic hybrid materials are reviewed here, with a focus on design approaches, preparation methods, and characterization techniques. In light of their strengths and weaknesses, potential strategies to foster their commercial adoption are critically interrogated.
Cuttlebone‐Derived Organic Matrix: A Facile Periosteum Substitute for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wei Yuanqing , Ju Miaomiao , Zheng Fei , Wei Shuang , Han Shuying , Lu Shengfeng , Liu Rui , Wu Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArtificial periosteum has become a novel strategy for bone healing. Several efforts are made to develop novel periosteum substitutes with excellent osteogenesis and angiogenesis performance. The problem, however, is that many inconveniences, such as unattainable materials and complex preparation processes, limit its clinical application. In this study, cuttlebone‐derived organic matrix (CDOM) film is developed as a facile obtained artificial periosteum with good bioactivity, biodegradability, and biosafety. In this study, CDOM films are prepared by etching calcium carbonate of cuttlebone with hydrochloric acid (HCl), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), respectively. CDOM films possess “S” oriented grooves on one surface, providing suitable space for survival, adhesion, and proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Among three CDOM films, CDOM‐EDTA is the most efficient at enhancing bone regeneration in vivo, with an increase in neovascularization and new bone formation. Meanwhile, CDOM‐EDTA is degradable in two months and of extremely low toxicity. There is a great deal of promise in the future for this novel periosteum substitute to be used for bone defect healing in clinical settings.
Competing Heat Carriers Leading to Distinctive Cation Concentration Dependent Thermal Conductivity of Amorphous LixS (x = 0–2) Batteries
Authors: Gao Yufei , Fan Hongzhao , Zhou Yanguang , Hu Ming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThermal transport in amorphous lithium‐sulfur (a‐LixS) is systematically investigated using molecular dynamics and the contributions from different types of heat carriers are quantitatively evaluated. In general, the thermal conductivity (TC) of a‐LixS changes largely by varying the concentration (x) of Li ions in a‐LixS. Interestingly, the TC of a‐LixS shows three distinct regimes of dependence on Li concentration. For low Li concentration (x = 0.4–1.2), the TC grows slowly, followed by a rapid increase in TC for medium Li concentration (x = 1.2–1.6), where the growth rate is three times that of the first regime, and finally, the TC is independent of Li concentration (x = 1.6–2.0). The TC enhancement in the first and second regimes is mainly attributed to propagating and non‐propagating vibrational modes in a‐LixS, respectively. In contrast, the stable thermal transport regime is governed by the competition between propagating and non‐propagating phonons. These investigations provide quantitative TC data of various polysulfides for shuttling analysis, and a fundamental understanding of the thermal transport mechanism of complex a‐LixS structures, which is beneficial for the rational design of thermal management of Li‐S batteries.
Ammonia Tolerance of Atomically Dispersed Single Metal Site Catalysts: Mechanistic Understanding and High‐Performance Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wu Zirui , Wang Yongying , Cao Yiming , Wang Bing , Sun Zhongti , Yang Juan , Li Yi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe anion‐exchange membrane direct ammonia fuel cell, as a carbon‐free fuel cell type, has recently received increasing attention albeit suffering from high cost of using the platinum‐group metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. To pave the development of this promising power source, the atomically dispersed transition metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (M‐N‐C) materials with low cost and high ORR performance have allured to investigate their ammonia tolerance during the ORR. Herein, it is initially deconvoluted how compositional and structural elements of FeN4 sites modulate catalyst's performance. Furthermore, ORR catalytic activities of the M‐N‐C (M = Fe, Co or Mn) and Pt/C catalysts are investigated in ammonia‐containing electrolytes, showing that M‐N‐C catalysts have better ammonia tolerance than Pt/C. Among others, the Fe‐N‐C exhibits the best ammonia tolerance with only 4 mV negative shifts of half‐wave potential, 2.7% decrease of current, and negligibly irreversible activity loss. The superior ammonia tolerance of MN4 sites to Pt (111) surface is further confirmed by density functional theory calculations. The adsorption capacity of MN4 for O2 is higher than NH3 and the bonding force between MN4 and O2 is stronger than NH3, whereas opposite adsorption capacity and bonding force trends are observed on Pt (111) surface.
A Bio‐Functional Wnt3a Gradient Microarray for Cell Niche Studies
Authors: Wang Xinna , Ou Wanjing , Feng Di , Gao Bo , Chan Barbara Pui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) signaling is a central player in regulating multiple cellular events ranging from developmental process, adult homeostasis to tumorigenesis. In native microenvironments, Wnt signals often function through the concentration gradients between the secreting site and the targeting site. Hence, presenting Wnt molecules in a concentration gradient in vitro in a controllable manner recapitulates the native Wnt niche. Nevertheless, most in vitro Wnt niche models, where the ligands are homogeneously immobilized on material surface, fail in reconstituting the concentration gradient of Wnt as that in vivo. Herein, using a previously established Multiphoton Microfabrication and Micropatterning (MMM) technology, a concentration gradient of Wnt3a is immobilized on a protein substrate via neutravidin‐biotin interactions, in a quantitatively and spatially controllable manner. Such Wnt3a gradient is bioactive as it triggers a dose‐ and time‐dependent upregulation of β‐catenin and cell proliferation, in model mouse L cells. Most importantly, human hair dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs) cultured in a cell niche with Wnt3a gradient proliferate in a Wnt3a‐gradient‐dependent manner and exhibit a Wnt3a‐gradient‐dependent hair‐inductive phenotype including Wnt/β‐catenin signaling activation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression. This work contributes to the future development of a hair follicle inductivity biochip for screening of drugs and therapeutics on hair regeneration.
Chemically Customizing Mechanical Properties and Optical Transparency in Underwater Superoleophobic Coating
Authors: Borbora Angana , Dhar Manideepa , Shome Arpita , Barman Nishanta , Roy Swaraj , Manna Uttam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe inherent ability of bio‐inspired underwater superoleophobicity to prevent oil/oily fouling underwater makes it appropriate for a wide range of applications related to environmental remediation, bio‐adhesion, microfluidics, chemical sensing, etc.; however, the co‐association of mechanical durability and optical transparency is essential for realistic performance. While the design of mechanically durable and absolutely optically transparent underwater superoleophobic coating remains challenging, here, a covalently cross‐linked and chemically reactive sol‐gel conversion process is introduced through 1,4‐conjugate addition reaction to achieve a substrate‐independent and tolerant coating for orthogonally modulating the underwater oil wettability, optical transparency, and even mechanical properties of highly deformable porous and fibrous substrates. The post‐modification of residual chemical reactivity in the prepared coating allows to embed underwater superoleophobicity, and the β‐amino‐ester‐cross‐links improve the mechanical property of selected deformable substrates. Moreover, it displayed unperturbed performance even after prolonged (30 days) exposures in practically relevant chemically harsh aquatic conditions—including extremes of pH, artificial seawater, surfactant contaminated water, etc. The approach is successfully applied to coat various substrates—including porous, fibrous, and planar objects, and it would be useful in protecting various relevant marine infrastructures from oil/oily fouling, and various other potential applications.
Ultraviolet Light‐Based Micropattern Printing on Titanium Surfaces to Promote Early Osseointegration
Authors: Lou Yiting , Sun Mouyuan , Zhang Jingyu , Wang Yu , Ma Haiying , Sun Zheyuan , Li Shengjie , Weng Xiaoyan , Ying Binbin , Liu Chao , Yu Mengfei , Wang Huiming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPatterned interfaces are widely used for surface modification of biomaterials because of a morphological unit similar to that of native tissue. However, engineering fast and cost‐effective high‐resolution micropatterns directly onto titanium surfaces remains a grand challenge. Herein, a simply designed ultraviolet (UV) light‐based micropattern printing to obtain geometrical patterns on implant interfaces is fabricated by utilizing customized photomasks and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods as a photo‐responsive platform. The technique manipulates the cytoskeleton of micropatterning cells on the surface of TiO2 nanorods. The linear pattern surface shows the elongated morphology and parallel linear arrangements of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), significantly enhancing their osteogenic differentiation. In addition to the upregulated expression of key osteo‐specific function genes in vitro, the accelerated osseointegration between the implant and the host bone is obtained in vivo. Further investigation indicates that the developed linear pattern surface has an outstanding effect on the cytoskeletal system, and finally activates Yes‐Associated Protein (YAP)‐mediated mechanotransduction pathways, initiating hMSCs osteogenic differentiation. This study not only offers a microfabrication method that can be extended to fabricate various shape‐ and size‐controlled micropatterns on titanium surfaces, but also provides insight into the surface structure design for enhanced bone regeneration.
Copper Increases the Sensitivity of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells to Tripterine by Inhibiting TMX2‐Mediated Unfolded Protein Reaction Activation
Authors: Liu Hongwen , Xu Lei , Zhang Yiyang , Xie Yiqiong , Wang Lishan , Zhou Yue , Wang Zhangding , Pan Yani , Li Wenying , Xu Lu , Xu Xinyun , Wang Ting , Meng Kui , He Jian , Qiu Yudong , Xu Guifang , Ge Weihong , Zhu Yun , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChemotherapy‐induced adaptive resistance is a significant factor that contributes to low therapeutic efficacy in tumor cells. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a key mechanism in the development of drug resistance and serves as a critical reactive system for endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cu(II) can reduce the abundance of 60S ribosomal subunits and inhibit rRNA processing, leading to a decrease in the translation efficiency of the GRP78/BiP mRNA, which serves as a primary sensor for UPR activation. In this study, CuET‐Lipid@Cela, composed of CuET and tripterine (Cela), demonstrates a significant synergistic antitumor effect on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. RNA‐Seq is used to investigate the underlying mechanism, which suggests that the transmembrane protein 2 (TMX2) gene may be crucial in Cu(II) regulation of UPR by inhibiting the activation of GRP78/BiP and PERK/eIF2α. The synergistic antitumor efficacy of CuET‐Lipid@Cela via inhibition of TMX2 is also confirmed in a myrAKT/YapS127A plasmid‐induced primary CCA mouse model, providing new insights into the reversal of acquired chemotherapy‐induced resistance in CCA.
Cocrystal Growth in Organic Semiconductor Thin Films: Simulation of Pentacene, Perfluoropentacene, and Their 1:1 Blend Deposited On Graphite
Authors: Lorini Emilio , Soprani Lorenzo , Muccioli Luca 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe understanding of crystal formation in thin films and the precise knowledge of the relation between structure and surface diffusion are two important requirements for the efficient (nano)fabrication of organic electronic devices. Here a computational approach for simulating vapor‐phase deposition is employed to obtain and investigate three types of crystalline thin films on graphite. All systems, namely pentacene, perfluoropentacene, and their 1:1 blend, which forms an alternate cocrystal, are constituted by recumbent molecules in accordance with experimental findings. The contributions of intermolecular interactions and of molecular rearrangements occurring during the deposition are analyzed to rationalize the final morphologies. Then, the generated structures are employed to evaluate the energy barriers that prevent molecular diffusion at terraces and step‐edges, and to study the reorganization of the films upon high‐temperature annealing. The broad agreement with experimental observations and the possibility of evaluating the potential energy surface at the molecular detail render the proposed approach a promising tool to make predictions for other systems.
Oral Fungal Alterations in Patients with COVID‐19 and Recovered Patients
Authors: Hu Xiaobo , Wang Haiyu , Yu Bo , Yu Jia , Lu Haifeng , Sun Junyi , Sun Ying , Zou Yawen , Luo Hong , Zeng Zhaohai , Liu Shanshuo , Jiang Yan , Wu Zhongwen , Ren Zhigang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe oral bacteriome, gut bacteriome, and gut mycobiome are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, the oral fungal microbiota in COVID‐19 remains unclear. This article aims to characterize the oral mycobiome in COVID‐19 and recovered patients. Tongue coating specimens of 71 COVID‐19 patients, 36 suspected cases (SCs), 22 recovered COVID‐19 patients, 36 SCs who recovered, and 132 controls from Henan are collected and analyzed using internal transcribed spacer sequencing. The richness of oral fungi is increased in COVID‐19 versus controls, and beta diversity analysis reveals separate fungal communities for COVID‐19 and control. The ratio of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota is higher in COVID‐19, and the opportunistic pathogens, including the genera Candida, Saccharomyces, and Simplicillium, are increased in COVID‐19. The classifier based on two fungal biomarkers is constructed and can distinguish COVID‐19 patients from controls in the training, testing, and independent cohorts. Importantly, the classifier successfully diagnoses SCs with positive specific severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G antibodies as COVID‐19 patients. The correlation between distinct fungi and bacteria in COVID‐19 and control groups is depicted. These data suggest that the oral mycobiome may play a role in COVID‐19.
Dragonfly‐Inspired Wing Design Enabled by Machine Learning and Maxwell's Reciprocal Diagrams
Authors: Zheng Hao , Mofatteh Hossein , Hablicsek Marton , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid , Akbarzadeh Masoud 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis research is taking the first steps toward applying a 2D dragonfly wing skeleton in the design of an airplane wing using artificial intelligence. The work relates the 2D morphology of the structural network of dragonfly veins to a secondary graph that is topologically dual and geometrically perpendicular to the initial network. This secondary network is referred as the reciprocal diagram proposed by Maxwell that can represent the static equilibrium of forces in the initial graph. Surprisingly, the secondary graph shows a direct relationship between the thickness of the structural members of a dragonfly wing and their in‐plane static equilibrium of forces that gives the location of the primary and secondary veins in the network. The initial and the reciprocal graph of the wing are used to train an integrated and comprehensive machine‐learning model that can generate similar graphs with both primary and secondary veins for a given boundary geometry. The result shows that the proposed algorithm can generate similar vein networks for an arbitrary boundary geometry with no prior topological information or the primary veins' location. The structural performance of the dragonfly wing in nature also motivated the authors to test this research's real‐world application for designing the cellular structures for the core of airplane wings as cantilever porous beams. The boundary geometry of various airplane wings is used as an input for the design proccedure. The internal structure is generated using the training model of the dragonfly veins and their reciprocal graphs. One application of this method is experimentally and numerically examined for designing the cellular core, 3D printed by fused deposition modeling, of the airfoil wing; the results suggest up to 25% improvements in the out‐of‐plane stiffness. The findings demonstrate that the proposed machine‐learning‐assisted approach can facilitate the generation of multiscale architectural patterns inspired by nature to form lightweight load‐bearable elements with superior structural properties.