bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalized Clausius inequalities in a nonequilibrium cold-atom system
Authors: Mayer Daniel , Lutz Eric , Widera Artur 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThermodynamic inequalities, such as the Clausius inequality, characterize the direction of nonequilibrium processes. However, the latter result presupposes a system coupled to a heat bath that drives it to a thermal state. Far from equilibrium, the Clausius inequality can be generalized using information-theoretic quantities. For initially isolated systems that are moved from an equilibrium state by a dissipative heat exchange, the generalized Clausius inequality is predicted to be reversed. We here experimentally investigate the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of an initially isolated dilute gas of ultracold Cesium atoms that can be either thermalized or pushed out of equilibrium by means of laser cooling techniques. We determine in both cases the phase-space dynamics by tracing the evolution with position-resolved fluorescence imaging, from which we evaluate all relevant thermodynamic quantities. We confirm the validity of the generalized Clausius inequality for the first process and of the reversed generalized Clausius inequality for the second transformation.
Ambulantes Operieren: Warum es im Krankenhaus (noch) nicht klappt – und in der Praxis auch nicht
Authors: Volkmer Björn G. , Schultz-Lampel Daniela , Speck Thomas , Borchers Holger 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDen hohen Kosten im deutschen Gesundheitswesen und dem Mangel an Pflegekräften kann nur durch eine Verlagerung stationärer Leistungen in den ambulanten Sektor begegnet werden. Der angekündigte neue Ambulante OP-Katalog soll bis zu 50% aller urologischen Leistungen umfassen. Trotz der Erwartung großer Veränderungen können aktuell weder Krankenhäuser noch Praxen sich angemessen darauf vorbereiten, da weder der genaue Katalog, noch die Infrastrukturbedingungen, noch die Vergütung geklärt sind. Ohne eine Planungssicherheit ist aber niemand bereit, in die zukünftigen Strukturen zu investieren.
Scaphoid Length Loss Following Nonunion Is Associated with Dorsal Intercalated Segment Instability
Authors: Bulstra Anne Eva J. , Vidovic Alex Jug , Doornberg Job N. , Jaarsma Ruurd L. , Buijze Geert Alexander 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) in scaphoid nonunions is frequently attributed to fracture location relative to ligamentous attachments onto the scaphoid apex. We hypothesize scaphoid length loss to have a stronger correlation with DISI deformity than fracture location in patients with scaphoid nonunion.
Questions/Purposes To investigate the correlation between (1) scaphoid length loss, (2) fracture location relative to the scaphoid apex, and (3) type of nonunion (Herbert classification) and DISI deformity in skeletally mature patients with scaphoid nonunion.
Patients and Methods Twenty-seven cases of computed tomography (CT)–confirmed scaphoid nonunion (>6 months) were retrospectively included. Our primary outcome was the degree of DISI as measured by the radiolunate (RL) angle on CT. Scaphoid length loss was expressed as height-to-length (H/L) ratio. Fracture location was classified as proximal or distal to the scaphoid apex. Nonunions were classified as fibrous unions (type D1) or pseudoarthrosis (type D2). The correlation between RL angle, H/L ratio, fracture location, and nonunion type was evaluated.
Results H/L ratio was the only factor associated with the degree of DISI as measured by RL angle. As scaphoid length loss increased (increasing H/L ratio), the RL angle increased. There was no significant difference in RL angle between fractures located proximal (30 degrees) or distal (28 degrees) to the scaphoid apex, or type D1 (31 degrees) versus type D2 (28 degrees) nonunions. There was no correlation between patient age, sex, or wrist side affected and RL angle.
Conclusions Scaphoid length loss, rather than fracture location, is correlated to the degree of DISI deformity in patients with scaphoid nonunion. This highlights the importance of restoring scaphoid height when planning scaphoid nonunion reconstruction.
Level of Evidence Level III, diagnostic study.
Rupture of the Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon Involved between the Radial Shaft and the Volar Locking Plate
Authors: Hiraishi Yuri , Kimura Hiroo , Suzuki Taku , Matsumura Noboru , Iwamoto Takuji , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe report the case of a 61-year-old woman with right-sided flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon ruptured a month after volar locking plate fixation. Five months after the initial operation, hardware removal and reconstruction of the FPL tendon with the ipsilateral palmaris longus were performed. The proximal stump of the ruptured FPL tendon was found in the space between the distal radius and plate.
COVID-19 exposes weaknesses in public health in the Peruvian Amazon and highlights opportunities for a One Health approach
Authors: Ormea Verónica , Evaristo Roberto , Durand Salomon , Lover Andrew , Rüegg Simon R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Amazon is home to important wildlife and a biodiversity hotspot of global importance. The ancestral knowledge kept by Indigenous communities about its fauna and flora contributes further to its irreplaceable value. The Peruvian Amazon was heavily struck by the COVID-19 epidemic with a cumulative incidence of 725, a mortality rate of 34 per 100,000 inhabitants, and a case fatality rate of 4.6% by the end of July 2020. In this work, we review scientific literature and media to trace the events that happened at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Peruvian Amazon. Results are synthesized in three observations: (1) the evolution of the COVID-19 epidemic within the Peruvian Amazon and the response of the Peruvian health care system, (2) Confusing information about Ivermectin use for COVID-19 treatment and prevalent self-medication (3) The response of the traditional Indigenous health care system to the COVID-19 epidemic. These three observations are interdependent. There is an unexploited potential for integrative approaches linking traditional medical practices (TMP) and biomedical approaches and they may benefit from the interactions that occur between them. Synergies can also be explored between the human and animal health care sector, especially in terms of the use and stewardship of medicines. We conclude that there is a benefit of the One Health approach in the region, which can go through the common ambition to improve the integrated health of people, animals and ecosystems, facilitate the enhancement of equity and inclusion while improving access to health services and conserving biodiversity.

One Health Impact Statement
The Amazon region is home to wildlife flora and fauna and indigenous Amazon communities. The case presented in this work shows that an existing grassroots initiative has been reducing case fatality rates tenfold during the COVID-19 epidemic, while acting in respect towards nature and the environment, and using its resources. This is in stark contrast to the uncontrolled, ineffective self-medication with ivermectin in that same period, which may endanger the biodiversity hotspot through metabolic residues. While the current example seems to illustrate community resilience due to government negligence, it also shows the vastly unexplored potential of integrating biomedical and traditional indigenous knowledge in a solidaric and co-creative framework such as One Health.
A rare case report of fatal acute myocardial infarction as a complication of myocardial abscess
Authors: Lutsenko Lina , Sokolov Maksym , Krychkevych Viktoriya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Myocardial abscess is a very rare life-threatening suppurative infection of the heart. Usually, myocardial abscess is a complication of infective endocarditis, and it is rarely associated with isolated myocardial infection. We present a case of an isolated myocardial abscess presenting with acute myocardial infarction.

Case summary
A 61-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease presented with a 3-h history of chest pain and inferior ST elevation. He had been treated for right-sided pneumonia 1.5 months prior to admission. Coronary angiography revealed acute occlusion of the posterolateral ventricular artery, and he underwent balloon angioplasty, which successfully restored TIMI-3 blood flow. Unfortunately, the patient went into cardiac arrest several hours later from which he could not be resuscitated. A post-mortem revealed a myocardial abscess in the inferior wall of the left ventricle.

Discussion
Myocardial abscess is a challenging diagnosis due to the speed of clinical deterioration and rarity. High clinical suspicion and urgent multimodality imaging may aid in the diagnosis.
Bayesian model-based outlier detection in network meta-analysis
Authors: Metelli Silvia , Mavridis Dimitris , Créquit Perrine , Chaimani Anna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In network meta-analysis, some of the collected studies may deviate markedly from the others, for example, having very unusual effect sizes. These deviating studies can be regarded as outlying with respect to the rest of the network and can be influential on the pooled results. Thus, it could be inappropriate to synthesise those studies without further investigation. In this paper, we propose two Bayesian methods to detect outliers in a network meta-analysis via: (a) a mean-shifted outlier model and (b) posterior predictive p-values constructed from ad-hoc discrepancy measures. The former method uses Bayes factors to formally test each study against outliers while the latter provides a score of outlyingness for each study in the network, allowing to numerically quantify the uncertainty associated with being outlier. Furthermore, we present a simple method based on informative priors as part of the network meta-analysis model to down-weight the detected outliers. We conduct extensive simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology while comparing it to some alternative outlier detection tools. Two case studies are then used to demonstrate our methods in practice.
A Diagnostic Biomarker for Cervical Myelopathy Based on Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Berberat Jatta , Andereggen Lukas , Gruber Philipp , Hausmann Oliver , Reza Fathi Ali , Remonda Luca 
Published: April 2023

Study Design.
Multicenter prospective observational study.

Objective.
Diffusion tensor imaging in flexion extension improves the diagnosis of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). We aimed to provide an imaging biomarker for the detection of DCM.

Summary of Background Data.
DCM is the most common form of spinal cord dysfunction in adults; however, imaging surveillance for myelopathy remains poorly characterized.

Patients and Methods.
Symptomatic DCM patients were examined in maximum neck flexion-extension and neutral positions in a 3T-magnetic resonance imaging scanner and allocated to 2 groups: (1) Patients with visible intramedullary hyperintensity (IHIS) on T2-weighted imaging (IHIS+, n = 10); and (2) Patients without IHIS (IHIS−, n = 11). Range of motion, space available for the spinal cord, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity, and fractional anisotropy were measured and compared between the neck positions and between the groups as well as between control (C2/3) and pathologic segments.

Results.
Significant differences between the control level (C2/3) and pathologic segments were appreciated for the IHIS+ group at neutral neck position in AD; at flexion in ADC and AD; and at neck extension in ADC, AD, and fractional anisotropy values. For the IHIS− group, significant differences between the control level (C2/3) and pathologic segments were found only for ADC values in neck extension. When comparing diffusion parameters between groups, radial diffusivity was significantly different in all 3 neck positions.

Conclusion.
Significant increases in ADC values between the control and pathologic segments were found for both groups in neck extension only. This may serve as a diagnostic tool to identify early changes in the spinal cord related to myelopathy to indicate potentially reversible spinal cord injury and support the indication for surgery in select circumstances.
Communication challenges: perioperative risks and care directives
Authors: Habet Victoria , Teele Sarah A. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Effective communication and shared decision-making is crucial in caring for children with congenital or acquired heart disease. Despite high mortality, complications related to interventions, and suffering in pediatric advanced heart disease, there is a disproportionate lack of research and advancements in communication and shared decision-making surrounding perioperative risks and advance care planning. We have comprehensively reviewed recent research on this multifaceted topic in the past 1.5 years to highlight major findings and propose priorities for future research.

Recent findings
Research has focused on parental perception of clinician/team communication with a notable paucity of research investigating the clinician perception of barriers to effective communication. Although there are discrepancies between parental and clinician perception, lack of trust between the patient's family and provider was acknowledged as a barrier by both parents and clinicians. Insight into interprofessional needs and expansion of structured language for discussions around shared decision-making should be prioritized.

Summary
Clinician discomfort with communication skills and conveying uncertainty in prognosis are two major areas for future research. On the basis of the literature to date, the focus should be placed on interprofessional needs and structured language for discussions around shared decision-making.
Evaluation of the ability of a commercially available cuffless wearable device to track blood pressure changes
Authors: Tan Isabella , Gnanenthiran Sonali R. , Chan Justine , Kyriakoulis Konstantinos G. , Schlaich Markus P. , Rodgers Anthony , Stergiou George S. , Schutte Aletta E. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
Cuffless wearable blood pressure (BP) devices may allow detailed evaluation of BP for prolonged periods, but their ability to accurately track BP changes is uncertain. We investigated whether a commercially available cuffless wearable device tracks: 24-h systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) compared to conventional ambulatory monitoring (ABPM); and antihypertensive medication-induced BP changes compared to cuff-based home BP monitoring (HBPM).

Methods:
We fitted 41 participants (32% females, 58 ± 14 years, 80% hypertensive) with a wrist-wearable cuffless BP device (Aktiia) continuously for 6–12 days. At the beginning and the end of this period, 24-h ABPM was performed. Three participants with hypertension (one female; 60 ± 8 years) wore the Aktiia device and performed HBPM continuously one week before and 2 weeks after antihypertensive medication uptitration.

Results:
Compared to ABPM, Aktiia reported higher average SBP for 24-h (difference 4.9 mmHg, 95% CI [1.9, 7.9]) and night-time (15.5[11.8, 19.1] mmHg; all P ≤ 0.01), but similar daytime (1.0 [–1.8, 3.8] mmHg; P = 0.48). Similarly, average cuffless DBP was higher for 24-h (4.2 [2.3, 6.0] mmHg) and night-time (11.8 [9.5, 14.1] mmHg; both P < 0.001), but similar during daytime (1.4 [–0.4, 3.23] mmHg; P = 0.13). Aktiia also reported reduced night-time dip for SBP (difference 14.2 [12.1, 16.3] mmHg) and DBP (10.2 [8.5, 11.9] mmHg; both P < 0.001). The average medication-induced SBP/DBP decline after 2 weeks of uptitration was –1.0/–0.8 mmHg with Aktiia vs. –19.7/–11.5 mmHg with HBPM (P = 0.03 for difference).

Conclusion:
This cuffless wearable device did not accurately track night-time BP decline and results suggested it was unable to track medication-induced BP changes.
Circadian blood pressure variability and asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with glaucoma: cross-sectional study of The LIGHT cohort
Authors: Yoshikawa Tadanobu , Obayashi Kenji , Miyata Kimie , Jimura Hironobu , Saeki Keigo , Ogata Nahoko 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
Glaucoma is reportedly associated with asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and circadian blood pressure (BP) variability, including night-time SBP. We determined whether ADMA level is associated with night-time SBP in patients with glaucoma.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, we measured the serum ADMA level and ambulatory BP of 163 patients with glaucoma and 705 participants without glaucoma. Based on the tertiles of serum ADMA level, the patients were divided into three groups: low, intermediate, and high-ADMA. Night-time SBP was determined based on ambulatory BP measured every 30 min for 48 h. The nondipper BP pattern was defined as having a night-time mean SBP decline of less than 10% relative to the mean daytime SBP.

Results:
In the glaucoma group, the night-time SBP in the high-ADMA group was significantly higher than in the low-ADMA group (123.0 and 114.4 mmHg, respectively; P = 0.003). Multivariable analysis adjusted for the potential confounders showed the night-time SBP, and the odds ratio for nondipper in the high-ADMA group were also significantly higher than in the low-ADMA group (P = 0.030 and P = 0.021, respectively). Significant associations between continuous serum ADMA levels with night-time SBP and nondipper were also found (P = 0.002 and 0.006, respectively). In the control group, however, no significant associations were found between serum ADMA levels and night-time SBP and nondipper. A significant interaction effect of the serum ADMA levels and glaucoma on nondipper was found (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:
Serum ADMA level was significantly associated with the disturbance of circadian BP variability in patients with glaucoma.
Validation of the ABPMpro ambulatory blood pressure monitor in the general population according to AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018)
Authors: Roth Bernhard , Bothe Tomas Lucca , Patzak Andreas , Pilz Niklas 
Published: April 2023

Objective
The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the oscillometric upper-arm device ABPMpro (SOMNOmedics) for ambulatory blood pressure measurement in the general population according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization (AAMI/ESH/ISO) Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018) at rest and during dynamic exercise.

Methods
Subjects were recruited to fulfill the age, sex, blood pressure (BP) and cuff distribution criteria of the AAMI/ESH/ISO standard using the same arm sequential BP measurement method. Three appropriate cuff sizes (18–24, 24–34 and 34–46 cm) of the tested device were used for the arm-varying circumferences. The inflation and deflation measurement modes of the ABPMpro were investigated.

Results
For the general validation study, 100 subjects were recruited and 90 were analyzed. For validation criterion (1), the mean ± SD of the differences between ABPMpro and reference BP was 0.7 ± 7.3/–0.7 ± 5.8 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) for inflation and 1.4 ± 7.7/–0.6 ± 6.1 mmHg for deflation measurements. For criterion (2), the SD of the averaged BP differences per subject was 5.98/5.10 mmHg for inflation and 6.46/5.36 mmHg for deflation measurements, thereby passing the threshold. In the ambulatory validation study (N = 36), the mean difference was -1.2 ± 7.9/ 2.4 ± 6.6 mmHg for inflation and –0.7 ± 7.6/3.1 ± 7.0 mmHg for deflation measurements.

Conclusion
The ABPMpro device fulfilled the ISO 81060-2:2018 requirements in the general population and in the ambulatory setting and can therefore be recommended for clinical use.
Diagnostic accuracy of an oscillometric blood pressure monitor for atrial fibrillation screening
Authors: Li Linyi , Bing Sen , Liu Kui , Jiang Jun , Zhang Jieqiong , Chen Changsheng , Wan Yi 
Published: April 2023

Objective
Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia of clinical significance and hypertension is one of its major risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an automated oscillometric blood pressure (BP) monitor with the function of atrial fibrillation detection for atrial fibrillation screening.

Materials and methods
Patients attending outpatient cardiology clinics were recruited for atrial fibrillation screening by the BP monitor with triplicate BP measurements for atrial fibrillation detection. Furthermore, a single-lead ECG was recorded simultaneously for comparison as the reference standard. The diagnostic test’s evaluation index were analyzed, including sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
A total of 295 participants were analyzed including 166 males and 129 females, with an average age of 72.5 ± 5.9 years. The sensitivity and specificity for atrial fibrillation detection by the device were 1.000 and 0.904, respectively, with the area under the ROC curve of 0.952 (95% confidence interval: 0.929–0.975, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the device had a Kappa-value of 0.781 (P < 0.001) with the single-lead ECG in detecting atrial fibrillation.

Conclusion
The automated oscillometric BP monitor (G.LAB MD41A0) with atrial fibrillation detection function has high sensitivity and specificity with good accuracy for atrial fibrillation screening, which could be used as a reliable screening tool for the early detection of atrial fibrillation with potential benefits.
Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma Identified by PET/CT
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Miao , Guan Meichao , Huang Jianmin , Xie Peng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma is a rare subtype of extranodal invasive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and the diagnosis is challenging. Here we report findings of 18F-FDG PET/CT study in a case of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma invading bilateral lungs and kidneys in a 63-year-old woman. The PET/CT images showed diffuse increased FDG uptake in bilateral lungs and kidneys. Unexpectedly, there was no abnormal density on the CT images. The 18F-FDG PET/CT seems to be valuable and sensitive in the diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma.
Extinction of Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum FDG Uptake With Propranolol Premedication
Authors: Callaud Aurélien , Metrard Gilles , Besse Hélène , Bailly Matthieu , Thibault Frédérique 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum is a rare lesion of the heart. CT and cardiac MR are often sufficient to determine the benign lipomatous nature of the tumor and can avoid the need for histological confirmation. Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum contains variable amounts of brown adipose tissue, resulting in different degrees of18F-FDG uptake in PET. We report the case of a patient with an interatrial lesion suspected of malignancy, discovered on CT and failing cardiac MR, with initial18F-FDG uptake. Final characterization was made thanks to18F-FDG PET with β-blocker premedication, avoiding an invasive procedure.