bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wrist arthrodesis combined with a bulk bone allograft for implant loosening after total wrist arthroplasty: A case report
Authors: Nasu Yoshihisa , Nishida Keiichiro , Natsumeda Masamitsu , Nakahara Ryuichi , Harada Ryozo , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) is a challenging procedure for wrist joints severely destroyed by rheumatoid arthritis. The most common postoperative complication of TWAs is the loosening of the carpal component. Revision surgeries for failed TWAs can be complicated owing to severe bone loss and concomitant soft-tissue problems. Here, we report a case (68-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis for 24 years) of severe aseptic loosening of semi-constrained TWA and its salvage surgery. During the primary arthroplasty procedure, severe instability at the second through fifth carpometacarpal joints was observed and arthrodesis of these joints was required. The radiographs obtained 9 months after surgery showed loosening of the carpal component. Subsequently, she suffered a stroke, resulting in a loss of follow-up, and higher stress was loaded on her upper extremities during standing and walking. In the radiograph taken at her revisit 25 months after the primary surgery, the subsidence of the carpal component progressed and loosening of the radial component was observed. Total wrist arthrodesis was performed using a bulk bone allograft of the femoral head, combined with a penetrating Wrist Fusion Rod®. Rapid bone union was achieved without soft-tissue irritation. We conclude that wrist arthrodesis with a bulk bone allograft combined with an intramedullary nail is a reasonable option for failed total wrist arthroplasty.
Integrated 3D genome, epigenome and transcriptome analyses reveal transcriptional coordination of circadian rhythm in rice
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Guoting , Deng Li , Gao Baibai , Yang Jing , Ding Cheng , Zhang Qing , Ouyang Weizhi , Guo Minrong , Wang Wenxia , Liu Beibei , Zhang Qinghua , Sung Wing-Kin , Yan Jiapei , Li Guoliang , Li Xingwang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Photoperiods integrate with the circadian clock to coordinate gene expression rhythms and thus ensure plant fitness to the environment. Genome-wide characterization and comparison of rhythmic genes under different light conditions revealed delayed phase under constant darkness (DD) and reduced amplitude under constant light (LL) in rice. Interestingly, ChIP-seq and RNA-seq profiling of rhythmic genes exhibit synchronous circadian oscillation in H3K9ac modifications at their loci and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression at proximal loci. To investigate how gene expression rhythm is regulated in rice, we profiled the open chromatin regions and transcription factor (TF) footprints by time-series ATAC-seq. Although open chromatin regions did not show circadian change, a significant number of TFs were identified to rhythmically associate with chromatin and drive gene expression in a time-dependent manner. Further transcriptional regulatory networks mapping uncovered significant correlation between core clock genes and transcription factors involved in light/temperature signaling. In situ Hi-C of ZT8-specific expressed genes displayed highly connected chromatin association at the same time, whereas this ZT8 chromatin connection network dissociates at ZT20, suggesting the circadian control of gene expression by dynamic spatial chromatin conformation. These findings together implicate the existence of a synchronization mechanism between circadian H3K9ac modifications, chromatin association of TF and gene expression, and provides insights into circadian dynamics of spatial chromatin conformation that associate with gene expression rhythms.
Cross-Species Metabolomic Analyses in the Brassicaceae Reveals Common Responses to Ultraviolet-B Exposure
Authors: Jing Yue , Watanabe Mutsumi , Aarabi Fayezeh , Fernie Alisdair R , Borghi Monica , Tohge Takayuki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Exposure to UV-B radiation, an intrinsic component of solar light, is detrimental to all living organisms as chromophore units of DNA, RNA and proteins readily absorb high-energy photons. Indirect damage to the same molecules and lipids is mediated by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, a side effect of exposure to UV-B stress. To protect themselves from UV-B radiation, plants produce phytochemical sunscreens, among which flavonoids have shown to be particularly effective. The core aglycone of flavonoid molecules is subjected to chemical decoration, such as glycosylation and acylation, further improving sunscreen properties. In particular, acylation, which adds a phenolic ring to flavonoid molecules, enhances the spectral absorption of UV-A and UV-B rays, providing to this class of compounds exceptional shielding power. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the responses to UV-B radiation in four Brassicaceae species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Brassica oleracea, and Brassica rapa. Our study revealed a complete reprogramming of the central metabolic pathway in response to UV-B radiation characterized by increased production of functional precursors of specialized metabolites with UV-B shielding properties, indicating a targeted effort of plant metabolism to provide increased protection. The analysis of specialized metabolites and transcripts revealed the activation of the phenylpropanoid–acetate pathway, leading to the production of specific classes of flavonoids and a cross-species increase in phenylacylated-flavonoid glucosides with synapoyl glycoside decorations. Interestingly, our analysis also revealed that acyltransferase genes of the class of serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPLs) proteins are costitutively expressed, but downregulated in response to UV-B radiation, possibly independently of the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) signaling pathway.
Mitochondria as a therapeutic: a potential new frontier in driving the shift from tissue repair to regeneration
Authors: Main Evan N , Cruz Thaiz M , Bowlin Gary L 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFibrosis, or scar tissue development, is associated with numerous pathologies and is often considered a worst-case scenario in terms of wound healing or the implantation of a biomaterial. All that remains is a disorganized, densely packed and poorly vascularized bundle of connective tissue, which was once functional tissue. This creates a significant obstacle to the restoration of tissue function or integration with any biomaterial. Therefore, it is of paramount importance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to emphasize regeneration, the successful recovery of native tissue function, as opposed to repair, the replacement of the native tissue (often with scar tissue). A technique dubbed ‘mitochondrial transplantation’ is a burgeoning field of research that shows promise in in vitro, in vivo and various clinical applications in preventing cell death, reducing inflammation, restoring cell metabolism and proper oxidative balance, among other reported benefits. However, there is currently a lack of research regarding the potential for mitochondrial therapies within tissue engineering and regenerative biomaterials. Thus, this review explores these promising findings and outlines the potential for mitochondrial transplantation-based therapies as a new frontier of scientific research with respect to driving regeneration in wound healing and host–biomaterial interactions, the current successes of mitochondrial transplantation that warrant this potential and the critical questions and remaining obstacles that remain in the field.
Seller Debt in Acquisitions of Private Firms: A Security Design Approach
Authors: Jansen Mark , Phalippou Ludovic , Noe Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We propose a security design model in which a potential acquirer approaches a firm with a value-add plan. The target has a single owner, who possesses private information: he alone knows whether his firm is compatible with the plan. The owner agrees that the acquirer will add value but believes that the value-add will not be as much as what the acquirer expects. Although the acquirer can choose any monotone limited liability security to offer along with cash, we show that, under general conditions, any security that is employed always takes the form of nonrecourse debt provided by the seller.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
Diverse Hedge Funds
Authors: Lu Yan , Naik Narayan Y , Teo Melvyn 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hedge fund teams with heterogeneous educational backgrounds, academic specializations, work experiences, genders, and races, outperform homogeneous teams after adjusting for risk and fund characteristics. An event study of manager team transitions, instrumental variable regressions, and an analysis of managers who simultaneously operate solo- and team-managed funds address endogeneity concerns. Diverse teams deliver superior returns by arbitraging more stock anomalies, avoiding behavioral biases, and minimizing downside risks. Moreover, diversity allows hedge funds to circumvent capacity constraints and generate persistent performance. Our results suggest that diversity adds value in asset management.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
The Rise of Star Firms: Intangible Capital and Competition
Authors: Ayyagari Meghana , Demirgüç-Kunt Asli , Maksimovic Vojislav 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The large divergence in the returns of top-performing star firms and the rest of the economy is substantially reduced when we account for the mismeasurement of intangible capital. Star firms produce and invest more per dollar in invested capital, have more valuable innovations as measured by the market value of patents, and are as exposed to competitive shocks as nonstars. Star firms have higher markups that are predicted early in their life cycle at a time when they are small. Overall, after we correct for the mismeasurement of intangibles, the evidence points to the superior ability of star firms.
Heart valve disease in primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Niznik Stanley , Rapoport Micha J , Avnery Orly , Kidon Mona , Shavit Ronen , Ellis Martin H , Agmon-Levin Nancy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
APS-associated heart valve disease (HVD) is well described. Nonetheless, limited data exist on clinical parameters associated with the course of primary APS (pAPS) patients with HVD. The goal of this study was to assess clinical features and related outcomes in patients with APS-associated HVD.

Methods
In this multicentre retrospective study, we identified 33 pAPS patients with HVD (pAPS-HVD group) and compared their clinical course with 128 pAPS patients with normal heart valves on echocardiography (pAPS-control group).

Results
pAPS-HVD patients had more cerebrovascular events (56.3% vs 25%, P = 0.005) and livedo reticularis (24.2% vs 7.8%, P = 0.013) than pAPS-controls. Furthermore, catastrophic-APS (CAPS) (12.1% vs 2.4%, P = 0.034), recurrent thrombosis (33.3% vs 4.7%, P &lt; 0.001) and need for advanced therapy (i.e. IVIG, plasmapheresis or rituximab) were more frequent in pAPS-HVD patients. Anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 IgG (84.8% vs 63.2%, P = 0.034), anti-cardiolipin IgG (90.9% vs 64.8%, P = 0.005) and triple positive aPL (75.8% vs 56.5%, P = 0.047) were commoner in pAPS-HVD patients vs pAPS-controls. Ten of the 33 patients with pAPS-HVD underwent valve surgery, which was associated with male gender, smoking, arterial limb ischaemia and livedo reticularis.

Conclusion
pAPS-HVD patients had a more severe APS clinical course including CAPS and thrombotic events as well as a specific serology, namely IgG isotype aPL antibodies and triple positivity. Our data suggest that pAPS-HVD represents a high-risk subgroup of APS patients.
Differential processing of risk and reward in delinquent and non-delinquent youth
Authors: Duell Natasha , Perino Michael T , McCormick Ethan M , Telzer Eva H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The present study examined the behavioral and neural differences in risky decision-making between delinquent (n = 23) and non-delinquent (n = 27) youth ages 13–17 years (M = 16, SD = 0.97) in relation to reward processing. While undergoing functional neuroimaging, participants completed an experimental risk task wherein they received feedback about the riskiness of their behavior in the form of facial expressions that morphed from happy to angry. Behavioral results indicated that delinquent youth took fewer risks and earned fewer rewards on the task than non-delinquent youth. Results from whole-brain analyses indicated no group differences in sensitivity to punishments (i.e. angry faces), but instead showed that delinquent youth evinced greater neural tracking of reward outcomes (i.e. cash-ins) in regions including the ventral striatum and inferior frontal gyrus. While behavioral results show that delinquent youth were more risk-averse, the neural results indicated that delinquent youth were also more reward-driven, potentially suggesting a preference for immediate rewards. Results offer important insights into differential decision-making processes between delinquent and non-delinquent youth.
Political Representation and Intersectionality: Perspectives of Ethnically/Racially Minoritized Citizens
Authors: de Jong Judith C , Mügge Liza M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
How do ethnically/racially minoritized citizens feel represented by increasingly diverse parliaments? We approach this question intersectionally and study how ethnically/racially minoritized citizens (i) constitute and politicize self-identifications and interests, (ii) assess political representation, and (iii) discuss who represents them. We draw on twelve focus groups with Turkish, Moroccan, and Surinamese-Dutch citizens (N = 65), and find that citizens’ political self-identifications, rather than predefined group labels, are key to understanding assessments of representation. Citizens prefer politicians who act on their substantive concerns but feel that mainstream parties sometimes fail to do so. Parties led by ethnically/racially minoritized politicians and social movements fill this void by contesting the status quo. An intersectional perspective reveals that symbolic representation by descriptive representatives specifically matters for young women of color who lack role models.
Building better foundations: the Dubai International Financial Centre foundation law consultation
Authors: Saleem Shabana , Moldoveanu Mihaela Cornelia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The current proposed amendments to the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) Foundations Law No 3 of 2018 (consolidated version of 2022) (“Foundations Law”) come at an opportune time and are testament to the wider progressive measures taken by the DIFC legislator, and to the growing popularity of foundations. The DIFC consultation paper introduces specific amendments to enhance this legislation. If implemented, the amended law will help meet the needs of the ever-growing private client base that increasingly uses foundations as a preferred structuring and succession-planning option. This article focuses on the key tenets of the DIFC consultation paper’s proposed amendments to the Foundation Law.
Discovery of phytochelatins in human urine: Evidence for function in selenium disposition and protection against cadmium
Authors: Jarrell Zachery R. , Liu Ken H. , Dennis Kristine K. , Hu Xin , Martin Greg S. , Jones Dean P. , Go Young‐Mi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis report identifies, for the first time, a phytochelatin compound, phytochelatin 2 [γ‐E‐C‐γ‐E‐C‐G], and related metabolites in human urine. Phytochelatins are metal‐binding peptides produced by plants. They are present in nearly all human diets, due to their ubiquity in plants. The urinary concentration of phytochelatin 2 among 143 adults was in the low micromolar range, and phytochelatin 2 and its metabolites had differential correlations with urinary selenium and toxic metals. Activities of ingested phytochelatins are largely undescribed. Observed urinary metal interactions were investigated further in cell and animal models. Selenite reacted with phytochelatin to form a phytochelatin selenotrisulfide, and the preformed selenotrisulfide showed increased selenium uptake by renal proximal tubule cells. In vivo studies further showed that oral phytochelatin increased renal selenium content and decreased lung cadmium in mice. Presence of phytochelatin in human urine combined with its function in selenium and heavy metal distribution present a new route by which diet may influence metal disposition and bioavailability.
Invasion is accompanied by dietary contraction in Ponto-Caspian amphipods
Authors: Copilaș-Ciocianu Denis , Garbaras Andrius , Šidagytė-Copilas Eglė 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA species’ expansion beyond the native range is often assumed to be associated with an increased dietary niche breadth. However, empirical evidence remains limited due to a scarcity of studies comparing both the parental and invaded ranges. Here, we test the trophic niche expansion hypothesis by examining stable isotopes and functional morphology across native (NW Black Sea) and invaded (SE Baltic Sea) ranges of two amphipods,Dikerogammarus villosusandPontogammarus robustoides, originating from the Ponto-Caspian region – a major source of species invading Holarctic inland waters. Stable isotopes revealed that both species underwent a twofold contraction of the dietary niche with a shift towards decreased carnivory in the invaded range. This dietary shift was morphologically mirrored by an overall reduction of prey grasping appendages, antennae, and mouthpart palps. The magnitude of dietary and morphological change was greater inD. villosus. Our findings indicate that previous experimental reports of aggressive predation inD. villosusreflect opportunistic foraging and align with local stable isotope studies which generally indicate a low trophic position. We conclude that Ponto-Caspian species can undergo rapid, if non-intuitive, changes in both diet and functional morphology outside the native range, likely contributing to their invasive potential.
Extract from Polygala fallax Hemsl. Protects Kidneys in db/db Mice by Inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Bao Yukun , Wang Zeyue , Xu Qing , Wang Lixin , Wen Yi , Deng Peng , Xu Qin 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic kidney disease caused by the loss of renal function. The extract of Polygala fallax Hemsl (EPF) possesses anti-inflammatory a nd other pharmacological effects. Objective: To investigate the effect and potenti al mechanism of EPF in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy-associated inflammati on. Materials and methods: Db/db mice were administered varying doses of EPF (15, 30, 60 mg/kg), after which the kidney organ index and glucose tolerance were calcu lated. Urine microalbumin was detected in urine collected over 24 hours. Serum FBG, Cr, and BUN levels were measured, and H&E and PAS staining were used to observe pathological changes in the kidney. The expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and MMP −9 in kidney tissue was measured using immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-tim e PCR, and western blotting. Additionally, the expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-1βinflammatory factors in the serum was measured by ELISA. Results : EPF significantly decreased the renal organ index and ameliorated glucose intole rance symptoms in db/db mice, reduced 24-hour mALB, FBG, Cr, and BUN serum levels, and mitigated renal pathological changes. Moreover, EPF significantly inhibited th e expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, MMP-9, and related inflammatory factors TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-1βin kidney tissue. Discussion and conclusions: E PF from P. fallax exhibits low toxicity and is safe for use. For the first time, it was discovered that EPF might reduce renal inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/M yD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo, thereby protecting the kidneys of db/db mic e from damage.
CDK19 and CDK8 Mediator kinases drive androgen-independentin vivogrowth of castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Li Jing , Hilimire Thomas A. , Liu Yueying , Wang Lili , Liang Jiaxin , Gyorffy Balazs , Sikirzhytski Vitali , Ji Hao , Zhang Li , Cheng Chen , Ding Xiaokai , Kerr Kendall R. , Dowling Charles E. , Chumanevich Alexander A. , Schools Gary P. , Lim Chang-uk , Zi Xiaolin , Porter Donald C. , Broude Eugenia V. , McInnes Campbell , Wilding George , Lilly Michael B. , Roninson Igor B. , Chen Mengqian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCastration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains incurable due to its high plasticity. We found that Mediator kinases CDK8 and CDK19, pleiotropic regulators of transcriptional reprogramming, are differentially affected by androgen, which downregulates CDK8 and upregulates CDK19. Accordingly, expression of CDK8 decreases while CDK19 increases during prostate carcinogenesis, but both CDK19 and CDK8 are upregulated in metastatic CRPC. Genetic inactivation of CDK8 and CDK19 suppresses CRPC tumor growth in castrated male mice and renders CRPC responsive to androgen deprivation. Restoration of active CDK19 or CDK8 kinases reverses this phenotype, indicating that CRPC becomes dependent on Mediator kinase activity forin vivogrowth under the conditions of androgen deprivation. Selective CDK8/19 inhibitors suppress androgen-independent growth of cell line-based and patient-derived CRPC xenografts, whereas prolonged inhibitor treatment induces tumor regression and even leads to cures. Mediator kinase activity was found to affect tumor and stromal gene expression preferentially in castrated mice, orchestrating castration-induced transcriptional reprogramming. These results warrant the exploration of Mediator kinase inhibitors for CRPC therapy.
It is the Frequency that Matters --- Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Release and Content of Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Wang Yihua , Worrell Gregory A. , Wang Hai-Long 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound structures that originate from various cell types and carry molecular cargo to influence the behavior of recipient cells. The use of EVs as biomarkers and delivery vehicles for diagnosis and treatment in a wide range of human disease is a rapidly growing field of research and clinical practice. Four years ago, we postulated the hypothesis that electromagnetic fields (EMF) will influence the release and content of EVs (1). Since then, we have optimized several technical aspects of our experimental setup. We used a bioreactor system that allows cells to grow in a three-dimensional environment mimickingin-vivoconditions. We designed a custom-made EMF stimulation device that encompasses the bioreactor and delivers uniform EMFs. We established a three-step EV purification protocol that enables high-density production of EVs. We then performed mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis on EV-related proteins and used high-resolution nanoparticle flowcytometry for single-vesicle analysis. We demonstrate that electrical stimulations of current amplitudes at physiological level that are currently applied in therapeutic deep brain stimulation can modulate EV content in a frequency-dependent manner, which may have important implications for basic biology and medical applications. First, it raises intriguing questions about how the endogenous electrical activity of neuronal and other cellular assemblies influence the production and composition of EVs. Second, it reveals an additional underlying mechanism of how therapeutic electrical stimulations can modulate EVs and treat human brain disorders. Third, it provides a novel approach of utilizing electrical stimulations in generating specific EV cargos.