bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition association with skin integrity and pressure injury in critically ill pediatric patients
Authors: Irving Sharon Y. , Berry Katarina G. , Morgan Sherry , Seiple Stephanie M. , Nagle Monica L. , Stetzer Molly , Tabatabaei Neeka , Murphy Sara , Srinivasan Vijay , Mascarenhas Maria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrent research highlights the positive impact of nutrition therapy, particularly enteral nutrition, in critical illness. However, little attention is given to the impact of nutrition on skin integrity during critical illness. Skin integrity is at risk in critically ill children owing to necessary clinical therapies and challenges of providing nutrition therapy.MethodsWe conducted a narrative literature review with three main thematic concepts to drive our literature search: the association of nutrition therapy with (1) skin integrity; (2) injury, wounds, and wound healing; and (3) differences of skin color. Using pertinent search and subject terms, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases were searched, yielding 316 articles. After removal of duplicates, articles were reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria defined by the authors; only eight articles met the defined criteria to inform this review.ResultsLarge and important gaps exist in the current literature regarding an association between nutrition therapy, skin injury, and wound healing. Little to no attention was found for associations with skin color. The resulting narrative review addresses these topics and subtopics with additional references included that are independent of the original search strategy.ConclusionsA dearth of evidence exists describing associations between nutrition and disruption of skin integrity in pediatric critical illness. Children with dark skin are at increased risk, as manifestation and identification of disruption to skin integrity may not be recognized. Research is needed to describe these associations and the impact of nutrition on skin integrity, including differences of skin color.
Simulation of magnetohydrodynamic flows of liquid metals with heat transfer or magnetic stirring
Authors: Bhattacharya Shashwat , Sanjari Seyed Loghman , Krasnov Dmitry , Boeck Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe discuss the effects of nonhomogeneous magnetic fields in liquid metal flows in two different configurations. In the first configuration, we briefly report the impact of fringing magnetic fields in a turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection setup, where it was shown that the global heat transport decreases with an increase of fringe‐width. The convective motion in regions of strong magnetic fields is confined near the sidewalls. In the second configuration, we numerically study the effects of an oscillating magnetic obstacle with different frequencies of oscillation on liquid metal flow in a duct. The Reynolds number is low such that the wake of the stationary magnetic obstacle is steady. The transverse oscillation of the magnet creates a sinusoidal time‐dependent wake reminiscent of the vortex shedding behind solid obstacles. We examine the behavior of the streamwise and spanwise components of the Lorentz forces as well as the work done by the magnets on the fluid. The frequency of the oscillation of the streamwise component of Lorentz force is twice that of the spanwise component as in the case of lift and drag on solid cylindrical obstacles. The total drag force and the energy transferred from the magnets to the fluid show a nonmonotonic dependence on the frequency of oscillation of the magnetic obstacle indicative of a resonant excitation of the sinusoidal vortex shedding.
Generation and study of antibodies against two triangular trimers derived from Aβ
Authors: Kreutzer Adam G. , Malonis Ryan J. , Parrocha Chelsea Marie T. , Tong Karen , Guaglianone Gretchen , Nguyen Jennifer T. , Diab Michelle N. , Lai Jonathan R. , Nowick James S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) are important Alzheimer's disease research tools and are now being used as Alzheimer's disease therapies. Conformation‐specific mAbs that target oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ assemblies are of particular interest, as these assemblies are associated with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and progression. This article reports the generation of rabbit mAbs against two different triangular trimers derived from Aβ. These antibodies are the first mAbs generated against Aβ oligomer mimics in which the high‐resolution structures of the oligomers are known. We describe the isolation of the mAbs using single B‐cell sorting of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from immunized rabbits, the selectivity of the mAbs for the triangular trimers, the immunoreactivity of the mAbs with aggregated Aβ42, and the immunoreactivity of the mAbs in brain tissue from the 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease mouse model. The characterization of these mAbs against structurally defined trimers derived from Aβ enhances understanding of antibody‐amyloid recognition and may benefit the development of diagnostics and immunotherapies in Alzheimer's disease.
Extending the frontiers of financial development for sustainability of the MENA states: The roles of resource abundance and institutional quality
Authors: Onifade Stephen Taiwo , Gyamfi Bright Akwasi , Haouas Ilham , Asongu Simplice A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResource abundance characterizes economies within the MENA region from North Africa to the Middle East. As such, to improve financial development (FD) for regional economic sustainability, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the roles of natural resources abundance and institutional quality indicators on the region's FD while underscoring the inflationary levels and general economic growth trends amidst rising globalization. The adopted empirical strategy (CS‐ARDL and AMG) is employed for potential cross‐sectional dependency (CD) and slope homogeneity in the regional data spanning over two decades (2000–2020). Unlike the extant literature, two separate regional FD indicators were considered for an insightful analysis namely, banking financial services via domestic credit to private sector, and financial stability via the Z‐score values showing the tendencies of default in a country's banking structure. Regardless of the FD indicator, the results reveal that natural resources, growth trends, and inflationary levels significantly spur long‐run regional FD thereby invalidating the financial resource curse hypothesis in the region. Furthermore, both institutional quality levels and globalization produced detrimental impacts on FD levels. However, the interaction between institutional quality levels and natural resources shows a desirable FD‐stimulating effect in the region, noticeably when FD is proxied by the Z‐score. Thus, implying that stronger institutions are crucial for MENA's overall financial stability vis‐à‐vis reduction in the risk of default in the banking system. Hence, policy recommendations including the strengthening of institutional capacities among others, were suggested to regional authorities toward harnessing resources for sustainable regional FD.
High‐Performance Indoor Perovskite Solar Cells by Self‐Suppression of Intrinsic Defects via a Facile Solvent‐Engineering Strategy
Authors: Han EQ , Lyu Miaoqiang , Choi Eunyoung , Zhao Yuying , Zhang Yurou , Lee Jaeho , Lee Su‐Min , Jiao Yalong , Ahmad Syed Haseeb Ali , Seidel Jan , Yun Jae Sung , Yun Jung‐Ho , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLead halide perovskite solar cells have been emerging as very promising candidates for applications in indoor photovoltaics. To maximize their indoor performance, it is of critical importance to suppress intrinsic defects of the perovskite active layer. Herein, a facile solvent‐engineering strategy is developed for effective suppression of both surface and bulk defects in lead halide perovskite indoor solar cells, leading to a high efficiency of 35.99% under the indoor illumination of 1000 lux Cool‐white light‐emitting diodes. Replacing dimethylformamide (DMF) with N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) in the perovskite precursor solvent significantly passivates the intrinsic defects within the thus‐prepared perovskite films, prolongs the charge carrier lifetimes and reduces non‐radiative charge recombination of the devices. Compared to the DMF, the much higher interaction energy between NMP and formamidinium iodide/lead halide contributes to the markedly improved quality of the perovskite thin films with reduced interfacial halide deficiency and non‐radiative charge recombination, which in turn enhances the device performance. This work paves the way for developing efficient indoor perovskite solar cells for the increasing demand for power supplies of Internet‐of‐Things devices.
Precise Design and Modification Engineering of Single‐Atom Catalytic Materials for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhang Pengxiang , Liu Yanyan , Liu Shuling , Zhou Limin , Wu Xianli , Han Guosheng , Liu Tao , Sun Kang , Li Baojun , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to their unique electronic and structural properties, single‐atom catalytic materials (SACMs) hold great promise for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Coordinating environmental and engineering strategies is the key to improving the ORR performance of SACMs. This review summarizes the latest research progress and breakthroughs of SACMs in the field of ORR catalysis. First, the research progress on the catalytic mechanism of SACMs acting on ORR is reviewed, including the latest research results on the origin of SACMs activity and the analysis of pre‐adsorption mechanism. The study of the pre‐adsorption mechanism is an important breakthrough direction to explore the origin of the high activity of SACMs and the practical and theoretical understanding of the catalytic process. Precise coordination environment modification, including in‐plane, axial, and adjacent site modifications, can enhance the intrinsic catalytic activity of SACMs and promote the ORR process. Additionally, several engineering strategies are discussed, including multiple SACMs, high loading, and atomic site confinement. Multiple SACMs synergistically enhance catalytic activity and selectivity, while high loading can provide more active sites for catalytic reactions. Overall, this review provides important insights into the design of advanced catalysts for ORR.
An assessment method to ensure applicability of concrete capacity method for design of anchorages: Linear force distribution approach
Authors: Bokor Boglárka , Sharma Akanshu , Pregartner Thilo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe concrete capacity design (CCD) method for the design of anchorages comes with a pre‐requisite that the base plate connecting the anchors of a group should be “sufficiently stiff.” This article addresses a frequently and vastly discussed topic in fastening technology, namely “What a sufficiently stiff base plate actually means?” The qualitative definition used by the codes requires that the deformation of the base plate should be small compared to the anchor displacements, in addition to the requirement that the base plate should remain linear elastic. This requirement indirectly ensures that the forces among the anchors of the group are distributed in a linear manner, which is the primary requirement to apply the CCD method for design of anchorages. Such a qualitative definition has raised more questions than answers and haunts the fastening technology community. Perhaps the possible solution to this problem requires asking the question differently, that addresses the problem directly: How can it be ensured that the tension forces among the anchors of a group are distributed in a linear manner? This paper first discusses the problem in detail highlighting several issues in the current approach and later provides an overview of an assessment method in form of a set of criteria that can be used to evaluate whether the tension force distribution is linear for an anchorage with a given anchor pattern, baseplate, attachment, and load case. The principle of the approach is based on a combination of simple mathematical formulations and the evaluation of finite element calculations performed on anchorages modeled with base plate, attachment, and anchors. The proposed formulations are described, and it is explained why they are adequate to find practical and safe general solutions to the problems. The application of the set of criteria allows the calculation of an optimum base plate thickness, sufficient to distribute the forces linearly among the anchors, without being overly conservative.
The Writing Engagement Scale: A Formative Assessment Tool
Authors: Parsons Seth A. , Ives Samantha T. , Fields R. Stacy , Barksdale Bonnie , Marine Jonathan , Rogers Paul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudents who are engaged writers are likely to produce better writing and to enjoy writing more than students who are disengaged writers. Yet, we are unaware of any existing tool that validly and reliably measures writing engagement. In this article, we describe what writing engagement is and why it is important. Then, we present the Writing Engagement Scale, a valid and reliable tool for measuring writing engagement, and outline how teachers can use this tool to better inform writing instruction in their classrooms.
Droughts in forested ecoregions in cold and continental climates: A review of vulnerability concepts and factors in socio‐hydrological systems
Authors: Stenfors Elin , Blicharska Malgorzata , Grabs Thomas , Teutschbein Claudia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn a changing climate, drought risk and vulnerability assessments are becoming increasingly important. Following the global call for proactive drought risk management, drought vulnerability assessments are progressively taking their stage in the drought research community. As the manifestation of drought vulnerability is dependent on the social, ecological, and hydroclimatic context in which it occurs, identifying vulnerability factors relevant for specific climatological and ecological regions may improve the quality of vulnerability assessments. Meanwhile, a holistic overview of factors affecting vulnerability in polar and cold climates is currently lacking. These regions are home to large socio‐hydrological systems including urban areas, energy systems, agricultural practices, and the boreal forest. By conducting an interdisciplinary systematic literature review, the manifestation and conceptualization of drought vulnerability were identified for forested ecoregions in the Köppen–Geiger D and E climates. Vulnerability factors, as described by several scientific disciplines, were identified and combined into a conceptual framework for drought vulnerability in the study region. The results demonstrate the wide range of conceptualizations that exist for assessing drought vulnerability, and the thematic differences between sectors such as forestry, water supply, and agriculture. The conceptual framework presented herein adopts a novel approach, categorizing vulnerability factors by their location in a socio‐hydrological system, and their relation to blue or green water sources. This allowed for identification of systemic vulnerability patterns, providing new insights into regional differences in drought vulnerability and a base for stakeholders performing proactive drought risk assessments in the study region.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Methods
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Human Water > Water Governance
A review to the methods of personality measurements in wild animals
Authors: Cheng Jiming , He Huimin , Zhang Min , Gan Baiqi , Niu Hongyu , Zhang Hongmao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOne of the challenges in the study of animal personalities is to select a suitable method to measure personality. Here, we reviewed the three common methods (traits rating, behavioral coding, and experimentation) used in animal personality measurement in wild animals. For each method, we summarized its experimental animals and conditions, advantages, and disadvantages in personality measurement. One method could be used to measure the personalities of different animal species, and different methods could be used to measure the personality of one animal species. Overall, traits rating was used to test the personalities of large animals (e.g., primates), behavioral coding was conducted both in large and small animals (e.g., primates, birds, rodents, and fishes), whereas experimentation was used in small animals (e.g., rodents, birds, amphibians, and insects). Although the methods of experimentation were originally designed for model animals (e.g., mice and rats), some of them were used to test the personalities of wild animals under indoor conditions, in which the experimental animals were transferred from the field to the laboratory. Unfortunately, few studies have estimated the applicability of these methods to wild animals. In the future, effective methods of personality measurement are needed for wild animals, especially the methods that can be used in the field.
A cross‐over dietary intervention in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus): Investigating the effects of glycine supplementation on blood parameters
Authors: van Boom Kathryn M. , Kohn Tertius A. , Tordiffe Adrian S. W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCaptive cheetahs are prone to unusual diseases which may be attributed to their high muscle meat, collagen deficient captive diet. Glycine is a simple amino acid that is abundant in collagen rich tissues and has many physiological functions, specifically in collagen synthesis and in the conjugation of detrimental by‐products produced during gut bacterial fermentation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 4 week glycine supplementation on the body measurements, haematology and serum blood parameters of 10 captive cheetahs using a randomised controlled cross‐over design. This approach has not yet been used to investigate the effect of diet in captive cheetahs. Cheetahs were randomly assigned to a control diet (horse meat only) or a glycine diet (30 g glycine per 1 kg meat) for 4 weeks before being crossed over. Blood was collected at baseline and after each intervention. The glycine diet resulted in a decreased serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase and total calcium concentration and increases in eosinophils and basophils counts compared to the control diet. Body weight also decreased on the glycine diet which may be due to increased β‐oxidation and fat loss. This was the first study to investigate the effect of glycine supplementation, which resulted in slight body and blood changes, in captive cheetahs using a cross‐over design and this approach should be utilised for future dietary studies.
Diskussion um Qualitätssicherung neuer Wohnformen dringender denn je
Authors: Kremer-Preiß Ursula , Wolf-Ostermann Karin 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Wohn- und Versorgungslandschaft für Pflegebedürftige hat sich in den vergangenen 30 Jahren sehr ausdifferenziert und es hat sich ein breites Spektrum an besonderen „neuen“ Wohnformen entwickelt. Aber nicht nur die Entwicklungen lassen sich in diesem Marktsegment aktuell nicht genau einschätzen, auch welche Bedeutung sie für die aktuelle Versorgungslandschaft Pflegebedürftiger haben, ist umstritten. „Neue“ Wohnformen bewegen sich zwischen den beiden klassischen Wohnsettings „Heim“ und „Häuslichkeit“ und versuchen als hybride Wohnformen, die schwer zu vereinbarenden Anforderungen nach Autonomie (Selbstständigkeit, Selbstbestimmung, Selbstverantwortung, Personalität) und Sicherheit (Versorgungssicherheit, [Für-]Sorge) neu auszubalancieren. Sie rücken die Achtung der Autonomie auch bei schwerstem Pflegebedarf ins Zentrum und organisieren Sicherheit für eine autonome Lebensgestaltung durch Befähigung und in gemeinsamer Verantwortung. Sie stehen damit für eine neue Verantwortungskultur in der Pflege- und Sorgearbeit. Qualitätssicherung bei neuen Wohnformen muss diese Besonderheit berücksichtigen. Zwar sind neue Wohnformen bereits heute mit einer Vielzahl ordnungs-, leistungs- und leistungserbringerrechtlichen Qualitätsanforderungen konfrontiert, es fehlen jedoch Qualitätsprüfverfahren zu den spezifischen Besonderheiten neuer Wohnformen. 2019 wurde im Auftrag der Vertragsparteien nach § 113 SGB XI auf der Grundlage der Anforderungen aus dem Dritten Pflegestärkungsgesetz (PSG III) ein Qualitätssicherungskonzept für neue Wohnformen entwickelt. Es enthält erste Konturen zur Qualitätssicherung der Besonderheiten in neuen Wohnformen, die einer weiteren Konkretisierung bedarf. Angesichts der enormen Herausforderungen in den klassischen Wohnsettings sind neue Konzepte gefragt. Eine Diskussion über die besondere Qualität neuer Wohnformen und deren Möglichkeiten der Umsetzung durch entsprechende Rahmenbedingungen ist daher dringender denn je.
Interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit für mehr Qualität in der Langzeitpflege
Authors: Behrend Ronja , Scheel Katharina 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Versorgungsanforderungen in Deutschland machen die interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit der Gesundheitsberufe jetzt und in Zukunft notwendig, um eine patientenzentrierte Versorgung sicherzustellen. Interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit wird unter anderem aufgrund der Versorgungsanforderungen und der sogenannten „Megatrends“ in der Gesellschaft immer relevanter (WHO 2010). Zu diesen gehört der demographische Wandel hin zu einer Bevölkerung mit einem größeren Anteil betagter und hochbetagter Menschen. Der epidemiologische Wandel, der ein verändertes Krankheitsspektrum hin zu chronisch und/oder multimorbid Erkrankten erkennbar werden lässt, führt ebenfalls dazu, dass eine Zusammenarbeit der Gesundheitsberufe notwendig ist, da diese Personengruppen oftmals komplex und langfristig erkranken und Leistungen verschiedener Akteure des Versorgungssystems benötigen (Wissenschaftsrat 2012). Hinzu kommt, dass der wissenschaftliche Fortschritt zu einem Wissenszuwachs in allen Gesundheitsberufen führt. Dieser macht den Austausch zwischen den Professionen notwendig, damit Versorgungsprozesse aufeinander abgestimmt bzw. miteinander erfolgen können. Gleichzeitig stellt sich die Herausforderung des Fachkräftemangels in den Pflege- und Gesundheitsberufen. Eine der zentralen Aufgaben ist es, die Gesundheitsberufe auf diese Herausforderungen und sich verändernden Gegebenheiten in der Versorgung vorzubereiten und sie entsprechend zu qualifizieren (Wissenschaftsrat 2012; Wissenschaftsrat 2022).
Infektionsschutz und Impfsurveillance in der Langzeitpflege
Authors: Said Dunja , Abu Sin Muna , Zanuzdana Arina , Schweickert Birgitta , Eckmanns Tim 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Steigerung der Lebenserwartung und der damit wachsende Anteil an Personen hohen Alters hat in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland zu einem zunehmenden Anteil an pflegebedürftigen Menschen geführt (Statistisches Bundesamt 2022). Nach Angaben des Statistischen Bundesamtes beträgt die Anzahl der Pflegebedürftigen derzeit ca. 4,1 Mio, wobei mit rund 80 % der überwiegende Anteil zu Hause, entweder durch Angehörige (51,3 %) oder ambulante Pflege- und Betreuungsdienste (23,8 %) bzw. eine Kombination von beidem, versorgt wird, während die anderen 20 % vollstationär in einem der 15.000 Alten- und Pflegeheime untergebracht sind (Statistisches Bundesamt 2020, 2022).Insbesondere die Bewohnenden dieser Einrichtungen gehören zu den Hochrisikogruppen für einen schweren oder tödlichen Verlauf von Infektionskrankheiten wie Covid-19. Der Vulnerabilität liegen verschiedene Faktoren zugrunde, wie Gebrechlichkeit und Immunschwäche sowie Komorbiditäten, insbesondere Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Diabetes oder Demenz. In Altenheimen leben darüber hinaus auch besonders häufig hochaltrige Personen ab 80 Jahren, die z. B. in Kombination mit einer Demenzerkrankung zwei wesentliche Risikofaktoren für einen tödlichen Covid-19-Verlauf vereinen (España et al. 2021).