bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
κ/β‐Ga2O3 Type‐II Phase Heterojunction
Authors: Lu Yi , Miranda Cortez Patsy A. , Tang Xiao , Liu Zhiyuan , Khandelwal Vishal , Krishna Shibin , Li Xiaohang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUltrawide‐bandgap gallium oxide (Ga2O3) holds immense potential for crucial applications such as solar‐blind photonics and high‐power electronics. Although several Ga2O3 polymorphs, i.e., α, β, γ, δ, ε, and κ phases, have been identified, the band alignments between these phases have been largely overlooked due to epitaxy challenges and inadvertent neglect. Despite having similar stoichiometry, heterojunctions involving different phases may exhibit band offsets. Here, β‐Ga2O3/κ‐Ga2O3‐stacked “phase heterojunction” is demonstrated experimentally. This phase heterojunction has a sharp and well‐defined interface, and subsequent measurements reveal an unbeknown type‐II band alignment with significant valence/conduction band offsets of ≈0.65 eV/0.71 eV. This alignment is promising for self‐powered deep ultraviolet (DUV) signal detection, necessitating an internal electric field near the junction and matching the absorption properties for effective electron–hole separation. The fabricated phase heterojunction photodetector displays a responsivity of three orders of magnitude higher at 17.8 mA W−1, with improved response times (rise time ≈0.21 s, decay time ≈0.53 s) under DUV illumination and without external bias in comparison to the bare β‐Ga2O3 and κ‐Ga2O3 photodetectors, confirming the strong interfacial electrical field. This study provides profound insight into Ga2O3/Ga2O3 heterojunction interfaces with different polymorphs, allowing the use of phase heterojunctions to advance electronic device applications.
A Bioinspired Virus‐Like Mechano–Bactericidal Nanomotor for Ocular Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infection Treatment
Authors: Zhang Hengrui , Li Dewei , Ren Huifang , Ma Zhenrui , Meng Shuqin , Qiao Yujie , Yang Jiabao , Wang Yao , Zhou Qingjun , Xie Lixin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMultidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria and their associated biofilms are major causative factors in eye infections, often resulting in blindness and presenting considerable global health challenges. Presently, mechano–bactericidal systems, which combine distinct topological geometries with mechanical forces to physically induce bacterial apoptosis, show promising potential. However, the physical interaction process between current mechano–bactericidal systems and bacteria is generally based on passive diffusion or Brownian motion and lacks the force required for biofilm penetration; thus, featuring low antibacterial efficacy. Here, a biomimetic mechano–bactericidal nanomotor (VMSNT) is synthesized by functionalizing COOH‐PEG‐phenylboronic acid (PBA) on virus‐like mesoporous silica, with subsequent partial coating of Au caps. Enhanced by self‐thermophoresis capabilities and virus‐like topological shapes, VMSNT significantly improves mechanical antibacterial effects and biofilm penetration. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) analyses demonstrate that VMSNT can precisely target bacteria within the infection microenvironment, facilitated by PBA's ability to recognize and bind to the peptidoglycan on bacterial surfaces. Remarkably, VMSNT is also effective in eliminating MDR bacteria and reducing inflammation in mice models of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)‐infected keratitis and endophthalmitis, with minimal adverse effects. Overall, such a nanomotor presents a promising approach for addressing the challenges of ocular MDR bacterial infections.
Zero‐Waste Polyanion and Prussian Blue Composites toward Practical Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Yun , Zhang Xiaoyue , Zhang Hang , Peng Jian , Hua Weibo , Xiao Yao , Liu Xiao‐Hao , Li Li , Qiao Yun , Wang Jiao‐Zhao , Zhang Chaofeng , Chou Shulei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractClosed‐loop transformation of raw materials into high‐value‐added products is highly desired for the sustainable development of the society but is seldom achieved. Here, a low‐cost, solvent‐free and “zero‐waste” mechanochemical protocol is reported for the large‐scale preparation of cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). This process ensures full utilization of raw materials, effectively reduces water consumption, and simplifies the operating process. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between the cubic Prussian blue analogs (c‐NFFHCF) and dehydrated polyanionic sulfates (m‐NFS), the generated composite exhibits promising wide‐temperature electrochemical performance and excellent practical application potential. The synergistic effect between m‐NFS and c‐NFFHCF in the composite is revealed through multiple in situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations. The proposed mechanochemical strategy can be scaled to a kilogram‐grade level, providing a sustainable method for the value‐added utilization of the by‐products during Prussian blue analogs synthesis, advancing the design of “zero‐waste” cathode materials for low‐cost practical SIBs.
Flat‐Band Electronic Bipolarity in a Janus and Kagome van der Waals Semiconductor Nb3TeI7
Authors: Yun Jo Hyun , Sung Minki , Choi Minhyuk , Kim Kyoo , Yang Wooin , Kim Dowook , Kim Min Joong , Her Sung‐Hyuk , Choi Si‐Young , Kim Tae‐Hwan , Kim Jae Young , Yeom Han Woong , Kim Jun Sung 
Published: January 2025

AbstractJanus materials, a novel class of materials with two faces of different chemical compositions and electronic polarities, offer significant potential for various applications with catalytic reactions, chemical sensing, and optical or electronic responses. A key aspect for such functionalities is face‐dependent electronic bipolarity, which is usually limited by the chemical distinction of terminated surfaces and has not been exploited in the semiconducting regime. Here, it is showed that a Janus and Kagome van der Waals (vdW) material Nb3TeI7 has ferroelectric‐like coherent stacking of the Janus layers and hosts strong electronic bipolar states in the semiconducting regime. A large potential difference of ∼ 0.7 eV between the I4 and TeI3 terminated surfaces is observed, despite only one fourth of the I atoms being replaced by Te atoms on one side of the layers. Additionally, robust semiconducting properties with the face‐dependent n‐type and p‐type field‐effect transistor behaviors are demonstrated. These unique properties are attributed to Nb 4d orbital flat bands of the breathing‐Kagome lattice, of which significantly large electron mass makes the semiconducting properties immune to impurity doping, and inherent strong electron correlation enhances asymmetric electron distribution, thereby amplifying a built‐in electric field. These findings highlight that naturally‐grown Janus and Kagome vdW semiconductors provide a promising material platform for utilizing strong electronic bipolarity in 2D‐material‐based applications.
Tailoring the Electrocatalytic Activity and Corrosion Resistance of CoCrFeNi and MnCrFeNi Thin Films by Anodization
Authors: Linder Clara , Vagin Mikhail , Boyd Robert , Greczynski Grzegorz , Lundin Daniel , Törne Karin , Eklund Per , Björk Emma M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTransition metal oxides like Co, Ni, and Mn are promising alternatives to noble metals such as Pt for oxygen electrocatalysis in green energy. Alloying these metals forms multicomponent catalysts with compelling properties. In this study, CoCrFeNi and MnCrFeNi thin films are synthesized using High‐Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) and their catalytic activity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR), the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER), and corrosion resistance in 1 molar (1 M) potassium hydroxide (KOH) are evaluated. MnCrFeNi films exhibit a fine‐grained single face‐centered cubic (FCC) phase, while CoCrFeNi films have larger grains and multiple phases. ORR on CoCrFeNi follows a 2+1 electron transfer pathway, producing hydroxide radicals, while MnCrFeNi exhibits a 2‐electron pathway, yielding hydrogen peroxide. Anodization reduces the CoCrFeNi overpotential from 0.9 to 0.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), comparable to platinum and iridium catalysts (Pt/C, Ir/C). Anodization also shifts CoCrFeNi ORR to a 2‐electron pathway. In situ Raman spectroscopy detects no ORR intermediates, but nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) appears during OER. Substituting Mn for Co increases corrosion resistance by raising the corrosion potential. All films show passive behavior during polarization, demonstrating their potential for corrosion protection and electrocatalysis in green energy applications.
Plasmon‐Driven Gold Nanopillar Multiarrayed Gene Amplification Methodology for the High‐Throughput Discrimination of Pathogens
Authors: Seo Sung Eun , Kim Kyung Ho , Kim Seo Jin , Ko Kyong‐Cheol , Kim Woo‐Keun , Lee Kyoung G. , Kwon Oh Seok 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMolecular diagnosis limitations, including complex treatment processes, low cost‐effectiveness, and operator‐dependent low reproducibility, interrupt the timely prevention of disease spread and the development of medical devices for home and outdoor uses. A newly fabricated gold nanopillar array‐based film is presented for superior photothermal energy conversion. Magnifying the metal film surface‐to‐volume ratio increases the photothermal energy conversion efficiency, resulting in a swift reduction in the gene amplification reaction time. Plasmonic energy‐based ultrafast gene amplification and facile confirmation methodology offer a rapid disease discrimination platform for high‐throughput multiplexed diagnosis. The superior performance of the gold nanopillar arrayed film is demonstrated by measuring the amount of pathogen (Vibrio cholerae) with a sensitivity of 101 cfu mL−1 in 5.5 min. The newly engineered gold nanopillar arrayed film can be utilized to diagnose universal pathogens to achieve an increasingly successful complete cure.
3D Femtosecond Laser Beam Deflection for High‐Precision Fabrication and Modulation of Individual Voxelated PCM Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Han Weina , Wei Donghui , Peng Biye , Jiang Jianhui , Tong Jintao , Xu Zhehao , Zou Xueyan , Hu Jie , Cheng Qian , Jiang Lan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOptical metasurfaces have found widespread applications in the field of optoelectronic devices. However, achieving dynamic and flexible control over metasurface functionalities, while also developing simplified fabrication methods for metasurfaces, continues to pose a significant challenge. Here, the study introduces a PCM‐only metasurface that exclusively consists of voxel units crafted from different phases of phase‐change materials. Micro‐nano regions, with varying phase states, are directly utilized as resonant elements and embedded in the material, forming the metasurface voxel meta‐atoms. By manipulating the morphology, size, and arrangement of these meta‐atoms, the study achieves both the fabrication and modulation of the PCM‐only metasurface. Additionally, a 3D high‐precision voxelated beam deflection method based on femtosecond laser phase modulation is introduced to streamline the fabrication and modulation of PCM‐only metasurface. By using a spatial light modulator to load the blazed grating phase manipulation beam for precise deflection, high‐precision deflection processing of individual meta‐atom on metasurfaces can be achieved, with a deflection accuracy of up to 200nm. By loading Fresnel phase manipulation beams to move along the z‐axis, perfect modulation of PCM sub‐meta‐atoms can be achieved. The 3D femtosecond laser beam deflection technology will bring many potential application opportunities in the fields of optoelectronic device fabrication and functional control.
Mechanoluminescence from Organic–Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskite Derivative
Authors: Zhao Hongyuan , Yang Xinyu , Bai Yunfei , Meng Qichao , Wen Ziying , Sun Haibo , Wei Qilin , Huang Dan , Yu William W. , Liu Feng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetal halide perovskites and their derivatives are gaining significant attention as photoluminescent materials due to their exceptional light‐emitting properties. However, most research has concentrated on electroluminescence and photoluminescence, there remains a substantial gap in the exploration of mechanoluminescence (ML) properties in perovskites, making this field largely uncharted. ML is an ancient and intriguing luminescent phenomenon that occurs when a material is subjected to mechanical forces. Here, the discovery of the first organic–inorganic hybrid terbium (Tb3+)‐based metal halide, a type of perovskite derivative, which exhibits notable ML properties is reported. Through material orthogonal design, the critical roles played by molecular geometry and metal‐site ions in achieving remarkable ML in organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides are identified.
Post‐rice soybeans and peanuts differ in performance, water use, and water‐use efficiency in the rainfed lowlands
Authors: Vongthilard S. , Inthavong T. , Sengxua P. , Eberbach P. , Harnpichitvitaya D. , Wade L. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study examined patterns of water use and water‐use efficiency in soybeans (Glycine max) and peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), for which data are rare, to assess their suitability as post‐rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops in the rainfed lowlands. A field experiment was conducted at Pakse in southern Lao PDR, comprising two irrigation regimes (weekly and as needed), three surface mulch treatments (nil, straw, and plastic), and two species (soybeans, peanuts), in a split–split design with three replicates. Volumetric soil water content was measured using time‐domain reflectometry. Water deficit was more severe under as needed irrigation, Nil cover, in soybeans, and late in the life cycle. Water use was highest in soybeans under nil cover and weekly irrigation (432 mm) and was lowest in peanuts under plastic cover and as needed irrigation (225 mm). Soybeans were responsive in plant height (41.5–62.7 cm), while peanuts were responsive in grain yield (1.05–1.81 Mg ha−1). Water‐use efficiency was lowest in soybeans under nil cover and weekly irrigation (2.48 kg ha−1 mm−1), and highest in peanuts under plastic cover and as needed irrigation (8.04 kg ha−1 mm−1). The paper concludes that peanuts should have a role as a post‐rice crop in the rainfed lowlands, with access to supplementary irrigation.
Machine Learning in Predicting Activation Barrier Energy of C=N Bond Rotation in Amides
Authors: Tomasini Michele , Szostak Michal , Poater Albert 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study applies machine learning (ML) to predict activation energy barriers for cis‐trans isomerization in twisted amides, focusing on the C=N bond. Amides are increasingly used in synthetic chemistry, particularly in cross‐coupling reactions, due to their versatility. However, the C=N bond's high activation energy presents a challenge. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, the study evaluates key structural parameters and energy barriers for different amides. ML models, including support vector regression and neural networks, are developed to predict these activation barriers based on molecular descriptors. The results show that twisted amides, particularly N‐Ts and N‐Boc types, exhibit unique reactivities influenced by steric and electronic factors. The neural network model outperformed other methods with R2 values of around or over 0.9 for ΔG≠ and ΔGtrans, though overfitting remains a concern. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of amide reactivity, facilitating the design of more efficient catalytic systems.
Unraveling the transcriptomic landscape of brain vascular cells in dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Sewell Michael , Fialova Nela , Montagne Axel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCerebrovascular dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of dementia and related neurodegenerative disorders. Recent omics‐driven research has revealed associations between vascular abnormalities and transcriptomic alterations in brain vascular cells, particularly endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs). However, the impact of these molecular changes on dementia remains unclear.METHODSWe conducted a comparative analysis of gene expression in ECs and PCs across neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease, and arteriovenous malformation, utilizing transcriptomic data from published postmortem human tissue studies.RESULTSWe identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) consistently dysregulated in ECs and PCs across these pathologies. Notably, several DEGs are linked to vascular cell zonation and genetic risks for AD and cerebral small vessel disease.DISCUSSIONOur findings provide insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction in dementia, highlight the knowledge gaps, and suggest potential novel vascular therapeutic targets, including genes not previously investigated in this context.Highlights
Systematic review of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in vascular cells from neurodegenerative single‐nuclear RNA‐sequencing (snRNA‐seq) studies.
Identify overlapping DEGs in multiple vascular cell types across studies.
Examine functional relevance and associations with genetic risk for common DEGs.
Outline future directions for the vascular omics field.
An evaluation of a community dementia screening program in rural Kenya: DEM‐SKY
Authors: Farina Nicolas , Musyimi Christine W. , Onuonga Kevin , Ndetei David M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis study describes the implementation outcomes and evaluation of DEM‐SKY, a community‐based dementia screening program developed in rural Kenya with the support of community health care workers (CHWs).METHODSDEM‐SKY was delivered to 3546 older adults in Makueni County, Kenya, over a 6‐month period. Using a mixed‐methods design, we explored implementation outcomes with stakeholders through surveys and interviews.RESULTSThe program demonstrated good acceptability, adoption, and fidelity and was effective in instigating behavior change. Individuals who screened positive for dementia were 28.7 times more likely to intend to speak to a doctor. Qualitative data showed that participants valued the program but indicated scope for improvement, particularly further down the diagnostic pathway.DISCUSSIONDEM‐SKY was successful across several implementation metrics. Although the program demonstrates that community‐based screening can be conducted effectively with minimal resources, future research needs to explore the long‐term benefits of dementia screening in Kenya.Highlights
Community‐based dementia screening is feasible in rural Africa.
Involving community health workers strengthens trust in health care systems.
Empowering community health workers enhances the community capacity to address dementia
Screening promotes proactive health seeking among older adults.
Cognitive aging outcomes are related to both tau pathology and maintenance of cingulate cortex structure
Authors: Pezzoli Stefania , Giorgio Joseph , Chen Xi , Ward Tyler J. , Harrison Theresa M. , Jagust William J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSuccessful cognitive aging is related to both maintaining brain structure and avoiding Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, but how these factors interplay is unclear.METHODSA total of 109 cognitively normal older adults (70+ years old) underwent amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognitive testing. Cognitive aging was quantified using the cognitive age gap (CAG), subtracting chronological age from predicted cognitive age.RESULTSLower CAG (younger cognitive age) was related to slower decline in episodic memory, multi‐domain cognition, and atrophy of the midcingulate cortex (MCC). Lower entorhinal cortical tau was linked to slower decline in episodic memory, multi‐domain cognition, and hippocampal atrophy.DISCUSSIONThese results suggest that aging outcomes may be influenced by two independent pathways: one associated with tau accumulation, affecting primarily memory and hippocampal atrophy, and another involving tau‐independent structural preservation of the MCC, benefiting multi‐domain cognition over time.Highlights
Younger cognitive age (lower cognitive age gap [CAG]) is related to slower cognitive decline.
Lower CAG is linked to slower midcingulate cortex (MCC) atrophy.
Reduced tau in the entorhinal cortex is related to less hippocampal atrophy and cognitive decline.
Structural preservation of the MCC benefits multi‐domain cognition over time.
Two independent pathways influence cognitive aging: tau accumulation and MCC preservation.
Decoding brain structure to stage Alzheimer's disease pathology in Down syndrome
Authors: Kennedy James T. , Wisch Julie K. , Dincer Aylin , Roman June , Gordon Brian A. , Handen Benjamin , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Head Elizabeth , Mapstone Mark , Christian Bradley T. , Tudorascu Dana L. , Laymon Charles L. , Hartley Sigan L. , Lao Patrick , Brickman Adam M. , Zaman Shahid H. , Ances Beau M. ,   the ABC‐DS and DIAN Consortia
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) in Down syndrome (DS) is associated with changes in brain structure. It is unknown if thickness and volumetric changes can identify AD stages and if they are similar to other genetic forms of AD.METHODSMagnetic resonance imaging scans were collected for 178 DS adults (106 nonclinical, 45 preclinical, and 27 symptomatic). Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were compared between DS groups and evaluated as a staging metric using receiver operating characteristic analyses. Thickness patterns were compared to those previously reported in autosomal‐dominant AD (ADAD).RESULTSDecreased parietal and temporal lobe thickness differentiated amyloid positivity (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.83) and impairment (AUC = 0.81), and slightly outperformed subcortical volumes (AUC = 0.8/0.74). Thickness differences in DS were more widespread, severe, and had better discriminative ability than ADAD.DISCUSSIONCortical thickness can stage AD pathology in DS. Identification of brain regions affected by AD may aid in tracking disease course and evaluating treatment effects.Highlights
DSAD is associated with reduced temporal and parietal cortical thickness.
DSAD is associated with smaller hippocampal and striatal volumes.
Thickness differences can stage DSAD better than other forms of AD.
DSAD thickness differences are more extensive and severe than ADAD.