bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Well Spacing and Stacking in Vaca Muerta Fm. Using Interference Tests and Tracers
Authors: Irazuzta Verónica Laura , Klix Belén , Solís Diego , Herrero Clar Francisco , Alvarez Matias Guillermo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLa Calera is an unconventional wet gas field located close to Añelo city in Neuquén province. There are currently 30 horizontal wells in production from Vaca Muerta formation, drilled at three different landings in 3-wells pads. As in every unconventional asset development, well spacing stands as one of the main optimization objectives in order to maximize project net present value. This paper aims to show that performing interference tests at different times of the life of a well can help to get a better understanding of the optimum well spacing.This study is focused on the analysis of several interference tests performed on a specific pad with three horizontal wells. So far, four interference tests were conducted with downhole pressure measurement. The first test had the objective of analyzing the interference between the wells after being fractured and first opened. After two years of production, all three wells were closed to minimize frac hits effects from child wells being stimulated 350 m (1150 ft) apart. A second interference test was performed before the stimulation of the child wells and a third one was done after it. Finally, when the child wells were first opened, a fourth test was performed between parent and child wells.The information analyzed consists of pressure registers from well head sensors and downhole gauges located in the parent wells and gas and liquid production information measured in both pads. In order to complete the analysis, water tracers were injected in the child wells and then sampled in all the six wells.During the first test, moderate interference was observed among the three wells even though there is a vertical offset of 120 m (400 ft) between the lower and upper landing. The second test helped to quantify how interferences varied after two years of production. Important frac hits were observed during stimulation of the child wells using well head pressures gauges. Once the parent wells were back on production, changes in water and condensate production were observed. Water tracers sampled in both pads incorporated valuable information as they showed that some fractures from the child wells affected parent wells although there was no increment in pressure detected.All the information gathered will help to gain insight of the optimum well spacing, understand if a 350 m-spacing (1150 ft) is appropriate, and determine if a new interference test between pads should be performed after achieving a whole year of production from the child wells. Finally, it is important to establish if the risk of a possible loss of productivity should be considered for the parent wells when forecasting a full field development.
Discrete Measurements of the Least Horizontal Principal Stress from Core Data: An Application of Viscoelastic Stress Relaxation
Authors: McCormack Kevin L. , McLennan John D. , Jagniecki Elliot A. , McPherson Brian J. 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The emerging Paradox Oil Play in southeastern Utah is among the most significant unconventional plays in the western USA. The mean total undiscovered oil resources within just the Pennsylvanian Cane Creek interval of the Paradox Basin are believed to exceed 215 million barrels. However, to date, less than 5% (~9 million barrels) of the total Cane Creek resource has been produced from fewer than 40 wells, and only approximately one-half of those are horizontal wells. More than 95% of production is from the central Cane Creek Unit (CCU). Natural fractures are a key feature of many production wells, but stimulation by induced hydraulic fractures is not consistently successful. We hypothesize that more effective production in this play will rely on better fundamental characterization, especially on better quantification of the state of stress. Approximately 110 ft of core, well logs, and a diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT) were acquired from the State 16-2 well within the CCU. With these data, we applied two methods to constrain and clarify the state of stress. The first technique, the Simpson’s coefficient method, provides lower bounds on the two horizontal principal stresses and relies on only limited data. Alternatively, the viscoelastic stress relaxation (VSR) method is used to estimate the least horizontal principal stress, building on observations that principal stresses become more isotropic as the viscous behavior of a rock is more pronounced. Results of these two methods support the hypothesis that the state of stress in the CCU of the Paradox Basin is nearly lithostatic and isotropic. Other factors consistent with this hypothesis include high formation pore pressure, which tends to reduce the possible stress states by changing the frictional failure equilibrium; lack of induced fractures in the core, which should be present in the case of stress anisotropy; and interbedded halite layers, which given their high degree of ductility, probably lead to greater VSR for the entire sedimentary package.
Neuronal mechanisms of dynamic strategic competition
Authors: Jiang Yaoguang , McDonald Kelsey , Pearson John , Platt Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Competitive social interactions, as in chess or poker, often involve multiple moves and countermoves deployed tactically within a broader strategic plan. Such maneuvers are supported by mentalizing or theory-of-mind—reasoning about the beliefs, plans, and goals of an opponent. The neuronal mechanisms underlying strategic competition remain largely unknown. To address this gap, we studied humans and monkeys playing a virtual soccer game featuring continuous competitive interactions. Humans and monkeys deployed similar tactics within broadly identical strategies, which featured unpredictable trajectories and precise timing for kickers, and responsiveness to opponents for goalies. We used Gaussian Process (GP) classification to decompose continuous gameplay into a series of discrete decisions predicated on the evolving states of self and opponent. We extracted relevant model parameters as regressors for neuronal activity in macaque mid-superior temporal sulcus (mSTS), the putative homolog of human temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), an area selectively engaged during strategic social interactions. We discovered two spatially-segregated populations of mSTS neurons that signaled actions of self and opponent, sensitivities to state changes, and previous and current trial outcomes. Inactivating mSTS reduced kicker unpredictability and impaired goalie responsiveness. These findings demonstrate mSTS neurons multiplex information about the current states of self and opponent as well as history of previous interactions to support ongoing strategic competition, consistent with hemodynamic activity found in human TPJ.
Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Block Using Bupivacaine - Magnesium Sulphate Versus Bupivacaine - Dexmedetomidine in Lumbar Spine Surgeries. A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Refaat Sameh Ahmed , Abdelmageed Walid Mohammed , Alwedeny Hadil Magdy , Fouly Mohammed Abdelmoneim , Soliman Ehab Hussein 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Since the introduction of Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) in 2016 it has been used with success in various thoracic, abdominal, and back surgeries. Many theories have been suggested for its mechanism of action, although the exact mechanism remains unknown. Spine surgeries result in significant postoperative pain, while using postoperative opioids provide adequate pain control in most of the cases, some cases still suffer from uncontrolled pain and patients receiving multiple doses of opioids suffer from various side effects including postoperative nausea and vomiting, constipation, and delayed ambulation. The aim of the study was to compare between the adjuvant effect of dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate given along with bupivacaine 0.25% in ESPB.
Methods: This was a prospective randomized single blinded study including 52 patients divided in 2 groups; one receiving ESPB with a combination of bupivacaine 0.25% and magnesium sulfate and the other receiving the same block with a combination of bupivacaine 0.25% and dexmedetomidine. Statistical analysis for data collected was done using the (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 26. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of the data distribution. Quantitative variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation, median, inter-quartile range, minimum and maximum as appropriate.
Results: The group receiving bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine showed a significant decrease in intraoperative pulse and blood pressure compared to the other group (p< 0.05). They showed a prolonged postoperative analgesia duration as well and a decreased total opioid consumption (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: Although dexmedetomidine results in prolonged postoperative analgesia duration compared to magnesium sulfate when combined with bupivacaine 0.25% in ESPB, its negative effects on hemodynamics should be considered.
Trial registration: This trial was registered retrospectively on Clinicaltrials.gov registry (NCT05694897) on 23/1/2023.
Amplification of Chinook Heatwaves in a Warming Climate
Authors: Lackmann Gary 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A category of dynamically forced warm-season heat events are associated with Chinook (or foehn) flows in the vicinity of substantial topography. Latent warming of such flows exhibits exponential dependence on temperature, which for warm-season events, can result in extreme heat. The June 2021 Western North American heatwave event featured air trajectories that experienced latent warming over the Gulf of Alaska and during orographic ascent in coastal regions of Southeast Alaska. Thermodynamic analysis of air trajectories demonstrates that a Chinook-type mechanism can explain the extreme lower-tropospheric warmth in coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia. Using projected end-of-century warming values for the trajectory source region, thermodynamic analysis and model simulations indicate that Chinook warming amplification of up to 75% would occur. This additional warming is driven by exponential growth of latent warming, a formidable amplifier of climate warming for this class of topographically forced heat events.
The Research Landscape of immunology research in spinal cord injury from 2012 to 2022
Authors: liu songlin , kuang yirui , yuan dun , huang haoxuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To systematically analyze the research hotspots and dynamic scientific developments of immunology research in SCI, we conducted a bibliometric and knowledge map analysis to help researchers gain a global perspective in this research field. The bibliometric study we completed included 1788 English-language papers published in 553 journals by 8861 authors from 1901 institutions in 66 countries/regions. Based on the references and keyword analysis, researchers in the past 10 years have mainly focused on the research directions of "monocyte chemoattractor protein 1", "nitric oxide", "pain", and "nitric oxide synthase" related to immunological research in SCI. However, with the development of other new directions such as "extracellular vesicles" (2019–2022), "Regenerative medicine" (2019–2022), "stromal cells" (2018–2022), "motor recovery" (2019–2022), and "glial activation" (2019–2022). Researchers prefer to study the application of regenerative strategies in SCI, the mechanism of extracellular vesicles in the development of SCI, the activation of spinal glial cells in SCI, and the pathways of motor recovery. This bibliometric analysis of immunology research in SCI summarizes the current status of this research field. The relationship between extracellular vesicles, regenerative medicine, stromal cells, motor recovery, and glial activation is currently a major research frontier. Further research and cooperation worldwide need to be enhanced. We believe that our research can help researchers quickly grasp the current hotspot of immunology research in SCI and determine a new direction for future research.
Preventing Postoperative Infection In Liver Transplant Patients : Preoperative Assessment, Intraoperative Challenges And Postoperative Management
Authors: Li Xuexue , Huang Lisi , Pei XiaoShan , Liao Xiaoyan , Ni Lijia , Rui Shen , Chen Baiji , Duan Chaohui , Xie Xiaoying 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
(1) Background: Infection after liver transplant recipients (LTR) added a great burden to the healthcare system, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Infection prevention and control of LTR were particularly complicated due to application of immunological inhibitor and the surge of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens.
(2) Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 131 patients with postoperative infections at our center from 2019 to 2021 and the impact of active screening for infection on epidemiology and outcomes.
(3) Results: Postoperative infections occurred in51.1% of LTR , a total of 149 isolates were detected in these infections patients. Time to tracheal intubation,hot ischemia time and tacrolimus concentration after LT were independent risk factors for postoperative infections. More isolated Gram-negative bacteria (65%) than positive bacteria (28%), then fungus (7%), were found. The predominant Gram-negative bacteria were Non-fermentative bacteria (31%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (15%). The main Gram-positive bacteria were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS, 14%) and Enterococcus (6%). The main infections included pulmonary infections (38%), abdominal infections (28%) and bloodstream infections (19%). Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (24%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (21%) were the principal pathogens associated with pulmonaryinfections, while Klebsiella pneumoniae (18%) and CoNS (16%) were the main pathogens of abdominal infections. CoNS (27%) and fungi(23%)contribute to half of bloodstream infections. 49%(73/149) of the pathogens were detected as MDR, mainly including Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii (CRAB) (77%,10/13), CR Klebsiella Pneumoniae (CRKP) (46%,12/26), CR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPAE) (46%,6/13),Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (80%,4/5) and MRCoNS (67%,16/24).
(4) Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the risk factors and microorganisms' antibiotic resistance characteristics of LT infection, with detailed analysis from different sites of infection. We further provided the empirical regimens base on local antibiotics data to assist the clinician to early initiate appropriate antibiotic therapy and effective infection prevention strategies for common pathogens in different infection sites. More experience, improved surgical techniques, and meticulous donor evaluation will help to minimize infection rates in patients after LT.
Bug Fix Time Optimization Using K-medoids Clustering Technique
Authors: Fanoos MADONNA , HAMDY ABEER , NAGATY KHALED 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In software engineering practice, bug triaging, assigning a developer for a bug report to fix it, consumes time besides being error-prone process. Most of previously proposed automation approaches focus on classification techniques. However, the developer workload and developer availability are taken into account in only a handful number papers. In this work, a new automated triaging approach is proposed, which automates the triaging process and optimizes the total fixing time, considering the developer workload, developer availability and the developer previous experience. The proposed solution leverages text mining and clustering technique (K-medoids algorithm). Linux, Eclipse and Apache repositories are explored for evaluating the proposed algorithm. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm (1) reduces the total fixing time by 58.16%, 22.84%, and 23.17% in Linux, Eclipse and Apache respectively, (2) normalizes the developer workload and (3) considers the developer availability in assignment decisions.
Development of an educational program to improve skills for preventing, diagnosing, and treating non-communicable chronic diseases for final-year medical students in rural and urban communities
Authors: García-Ulloa Ana Cristina , Chávez-Manzanera Emma Adriana , Almeda-Valdes Paloma , Real-Ramírez Janet , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos Alberto , Gomez-Velasco Donaji , Elias-López Daniel Benjamín , Muñoz-Hernández Liliana , Moreno-Loaeza Lizbeth , Martagon-Rosado Alexandro , Mehta Roopa , Alcántara-Garcés María Teresa , Arizmendi-Rodríguez Rodrigo , Velasco-Pérez María Luisa , Urbina-Arronte Luz Elena , Infanzón-Talango Héctor , Rojas-Torres Francis Evelin , Lara-Sánchez Carolina , Flores-Gonzalez Eduardo , Tinoco-Ventura Erendi , García-García Juan Eduardo , Kaufer-Horwitz Martha , Rodríguez-Flores Marcela , Vázquez-Velázquez Verónica , Vera-Zertuche Mauricio , Gotés-Palazuelos José , Oseguera-Moguel Jorge , Galindo-Uribe Jaime , Fernández-López Margarita , Hernández Norma , Cruz-Bautista Ivette 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The e-Learning with flipped classroom approach educational program is an alternative to online learning (e-Learning) and face-to-face learning for addressing the challenges related to long-distance skill training.
Methods: Consisting of weekly live-time virtual sessions with expert physicians, available resources including updated guidelines, review articles, and blog interactions between colleagues for discussing the clinical cases to improve learning techniques. The availability of all the content (recorded lectures and bibliography) at any time for review is an important aspect for easy learning. This multimodal approach was directed to medical students working in rural communities to get the necessary skills for preventing, diagnosing, treating, and improving the quality of care in non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCD). In addition, this model includes a pre and post-course evaluation, a quality of care test, and a dropout and satisfaction survey. The students who obtain the approving grade at the end of the course get a certificate with medical endorsement.
Engineering grain boundaries in monolayer molybdenum disulfide for an efficient water/ion separation
Authors: Han Yu , Shen Jie , Aljarb Areej , Cai Yichen , Liu Xing , Min Jiacheng , Wang Yingge , Zhang Chenhui , Chen Cailing , Hakami Marim , Fu Jui-Han , Zhang Hui , Li Guanxing , Wang Xiaoqian , Chen Zhuo , Li Jiaqiang , Dong Xinglong , Tung Vincent , Shi Guosheng , Pinnau Ingo , Li Lain-Jong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials have long been considered as ideal platforms for developing separation membranes. However, it is difficult to generate uniform subnanometer pores over large areas on 2D materials. Herein, we report that the well-defined defect structure of monolayer MoS2, namely, eight-membered ring (8-MR) pores typically formed at the boundaries of two antiparallel grains, can serve as molecular sieves for efficient water/ion separation. The 8-MR pores (4.2 × 2.4 Å) in monolayer MoS2 allow rapid single-file water transport while rejecting various hydrated ions. Further, the density of grain boundaries and, consequently, the density of pores can be tuned by regulating the nucleation density and size of MoS2 grains during the chemical vapor deposition process. The optimized MoS2 membrane exhibited an ultrahigh water/NaCl selectivity of ~6.5 × 104 at a water permeance of 232 mol m−2 h−1 bar−1, outperforming the state-of-the-art desalination membranes. When used for direct hydrogen production from seawater by combining the forward osmosis and electrochemical water splitting processes, the membrane achieved ~40 times the energy conversion efficiency of commercial polymeric membranes. It also exhibited a rapid and selective proton transport behavior desirable for fuel cells and electrolysis. The bottom-up approach of creating precise pore structures on atomically thin films via grain boundary engineering presents a promising route for producing large-area membranes suitable for various applications.
From countercultural ecovillages to mainstream green neighbourhoods - a view on current trends in Denmark
Authors: Nielsen-Englyst Camilla , Gausset Quentin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper describes how the ecovillage model for sustainability is currently spreading in Denmark through two different avenues. The first avenue the creation of new eco-communities inspired by the ecovillage movement. While traditional ecovillages have been established through bottom-up grassroot engagement, eco-communities are usually created through top-down municipal support or from the side by the involvement of professional community builders. A commercial market for eco-communities is emerging, creating a diverse range of eco-communities that attracts segments of the Danish population that the traditional bottom-up ecovillage model does not. The second avenue is the spread of some aspects of the ecovillage model to “mainstream” housing neighbourhoods through the green neighbourhood movement, when neighbours meet, discuss what kind of sustainable interests they share, and act together to change their environmental practices and to live more sustainably. Although eco-communities and green neighbourhoods will probably achieve lower carbon footprint reductions than ecovillages, they are exploring interesting avenues through which the spread of the ecovillage model, which is slow, costly, and exclusive, can be sped up and reach a tipping point. This evolution of ecovillages can trigger a mass movement that has the potential of bringing widespread changes, on a scale compatible with what is required to address the current climate crisis.
Virtual Learning Environment to Develop Specimen Collection Skills for Dried Blood Spots
Authors: Majid Hafsa , Jafri Lena , Rehman Shanzay , Jamil Azeema , Khanam Fatima , Shah Nadir , Khan Nasir Ali , Khan Aysha Habib 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective:
The dried blood spot (DBS) specimen quality affects the newborn screening (NBS) results. For accurate newborn screening, a properly collected dried blood spot (DBS) specimen is required, hence, proper training for specimen collection is essential. We created a training module on Moodle, a virtual learning environment, to train allied health professionals (AHPs) on how to collect DBS samples. The purpose of this study was to determine the acceptability and viability of a virtual learning environment (VLE) for collecting DBS specimens.
A VLE module for AHPs and nurses was created on Moodle. Participants were enrolled, and upon completion, certificates were distributed. Data analysis included the total number of participants enrolled, participants who passed assessments, and unacceptable samples collected between March and December 2019 (onsite training) and January and June 2020 (offsite/online training).
Results:
55 nurses were trained on-site, while 116 nurses and AHPs completed the module and received certificates through online VLE-based training. The specimen rejection rate was reduced from 0.85% (43 rejected out of 5075 total specimens collected) to 0.5% (15/2375) after online training.
This study shows that by using a virtual learning environment, DBS specimen collection training can be provided to allied health professionals.