bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using social norm nudges in supermarket shopping trolleys to increase fruit and vegetable purchases
Authors: McGrath Greg M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing obesity and chronic diseases: however, only one in twenty Australian adults consume F&Vs at the recommended two servings of fruit and five servings of vegetables per day. What and how much people eat is influenced by their social and physical environments. Supermarkets are a key setting influencing food purchases, and as such, they can shape consumption patterns of F&Vs. Implementing effective strategies to increase F&V intake is crucial. The objective of this research was to test if shopper purchasing behaviour can be modified to purchase more F&Vs using social norm nudge messages (prompts) placed in shopping trolleys. Placards giving the message that the majority of shoppers purchased F&Vs at each shop were placed in shopping trolleys. Applying an intervention research design, 30 out of ~100 trolleys were fitted with the placards and shopper purchases were measured by collecting receipts to measure the quantity (kg), total and F&V spending (Australian dollars) for intervention versus control trolleys. We also conducted a short intercept survey that was administered independently from the research study day. Shoppers who selected trolleys with the social norm nudge placards (n = 109) purchased 1.25 kg more F&Vs (Intervention: mean = 5.45 kg, SD = 4.23 kg, 95% CI 4.65 kg, 6.26 kg vs. Control: mean 4.19 kg, SD = 3.75 kg, 95% CI 3.48 kg, 4.90 kg, p = 0.020, Cohen's d = 0.32) and spent an extra $9.10 more on F&Vs compared to shoppers in the control group (n = 109; Intervention: mean = $36.20, SD = $26.30, 95% CI = $31.24, $41.26 vs. Control: mean $27.10, SD = $24.00, 95% CI = $22.50, $31.67, p = 0.008, Cohen's d = 0.36). The social norm nudge placard shows promise in modifying shoppers' purchases to buy more F&Vs. Larger studies are required to elucidate and confirm these findings over the longer term.
Autonomous sensory meridian response is associated with a larger heartbeat‐evoked potential amplitude without differences in interoceptive awareness
Authors: Villena‐Gonzalez Mario , Rojas‐Thomas Felipe , Morales‐Torres Ricardo , López Vladimir 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAutonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) describes the experience of a pleasant body sensation accompanied by a feeling of well‐being and relaxation in response to specific audiovisual stimuli, such as whispers and personal attention. Previous work suggests a relationship between this experience with the processing of affective and body states; however, no research has explored differences in interoception between people experiencing ASMR and those who do not. We hypothesized that the ASMR experience is based on interoception processing. To test this, we assessed group differences across different dimensions of interoception: Interoceptive sensibility (IS), measured using the multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness (MAIA); Interoceptive accuracy score (IAS), measured by calculating performance in a heartbeat counting task (HCT), and the electrophysiological index of interoception, the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP), which was calculated during the HCT and an ASMR tingle reporting task (ASMR‐TRT). Our results showed that IS and IAS, dimensions requiring conscious awareness, showed no differences between groups. However, HEP amplitude was larger in the ASMR group in both tasks. We concluded that the ASMR experience is based on an unconscious interoceptive mechanism, reflected by HEP, where exteroceptive social‐affective stimuli are integrated to represent a body state of positive affective feelings and relaxation, as has been described for affective touch. The relevance of this finding relies on that interoceptive function, body regulation, and emotional/affective experiences are fundamental for well‐being, and the relationship between ASMR and interoception opens the way to future research exploring the causal relationship between them and their potential clinical applications.
Soil erosion and runoff: The need to rethink mitigation strategies for sustainable agricultural landscapes in western Europe
Authors: Boardman John , Vandaele Karel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAgricultural landscapes that are intensively farmed, as in western Europe, face the challenge of a transition to more sustainable systems. Although erosion rates are relatively low in western Europe, the agricultural landscape is confronted by the need to mitigate the off‐site impacts of erosion. An important challenge is that of disrupting connectivity between runoff and sediment sources, often farmers' fields, and freshwater systems or local communities. Mitigation strategies should include monitoring of erosion rates and off‐site impacts and a mix of engineered and alternative measures such as buffer strips and retention ponds. Also needed are supportive government policies and actions including awareness of institutional memory problems and the promotion of farmer education. For the future, the risk of climate change must be appreciated and built into the planning of comprehensive mitigation strategies. Our perspective is that the overall aim should be a ‘sustainable agricultural landscape’ and not simply a reduction of erosion and runoff on farmers' fields.
A Case for Unifying Accelerometry-Derived Movement Behaviors and Tests of Exercise Capacity for the Assessment of Relative Physical Activity Intensity
Authors: Orme Mark W. , Lloyd-Evans Phoebe H.I. , Jayamaha Akila R. , Katagira Winceslaus , Kirenga Bruce , Pina Ilaria , Kingsnorth Andrew P. , Maylor Ben , Singh Sally J. , Rowlands Alex V. 
Published: February 2023

Albert Einstein taught us that “everything is relative.” People’s experience of physical activity (PA) is no different, with “relativism” particularly pertinent to the perception of intensity. Markers of absolute and relative intensities of PA have different but complimentary utilities, with absolute intensity considered best for PA guideline adherence and relative intensity for personalized exercise prescription. Under the paradigm of exercise and PA as medicine, our Technical Note proposes a method of synchronizing accelerometry with the incremental shuttle walking test to facilitate description of the intensity of the free-living PA profile in absolute and relative terms. Our approach is able to generate and distinguish “can do” or “cannot do” (based on exercise capacity) and “does do” or “does not do” (based on relative intensity PA) classifications in a chronic respiratory disease population, facilitating the selection of potential appropriate individually tailored interventions. By synchronizing direct assessments of exercise capacity and PA, clearer insights into the intensity of PA performed during everyday life can be gleaned. We believe the next steps are as follows: (1) to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using relative and absolute intensities in combination to personalize the approach, (2) to determine its sensitivity to change following interventions (eg, exercise-based rehabilitation), and (3) to explore the use of this approach in healthier populations and in other long-term conditions.
Protocolised reduction of non-resuscitation fluids versus usual care in patients with septic shock (REDUSE): a protocol for a multicentre feasibility trial
Authors: Lindén Anja , Fisher Jane , Lilja Gisela , Olsen Markus Harboe , Sjövall Fredrik , Jungner Mårten , Spångfors Martin , Samuelsson Line , Oras Jonatan , Linder Adam , Unden Johan , Kander T , Lipcsey Miklós , Nielsen Niklas , Jakobsen Janus C , Bentzer Peter 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionAdministration of large volumes of fluids is associated with poor outcome in septic shock. Recent data suggest that non-resuscitation fluids are the major source of fluids in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients suffering from septic shock. The present trial is designed to test the hypothesis that a protocol targeting this source of fluids can reduce fluid administration compared with usual care.Methods and analysisThe design will be a multicentre, randomised, feasibility trial. Adult patients admitted to ICUs with septic shock will be randomised within 12 hours of admission to receive non-resuscitation fluids either according to a restrictive protocol or to receive usual care. The healthcare providers involved in the care of participants will not be blinded. The participants, outcome assessors at the 6-month follow-up and statisticians will be blinded. Primary outcome will be litres of fluids administered within 3 days of randomisation. Secondary outcomes will be proportion of randomised participants with outcome data on all-cause mortality; days alive and free of mechanical ventilation within 90 days of inclusion; any acute kidney injury and ischaemic events in the ICU (cerebral, cardiac, intestinal or limb ischaemia); proportion of surviving randomised patients who were assessed by European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions 5-Level questionnaire and Montreal Cognitive Assessment; proportion of all eligible patients who were randomised and proportion of participants experiencing at least one protocol violation.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained in Sweden. Results of the primary and secondary outcomes will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT05249088.
Development and design of a mobile application for prescription opioid clinical decision-making: a feasibility study in New York City, USA
Authors: Marziali Megan E , Giordano Mirna , Gleit Zachary , Prigoff Jake , Landau Ruth , Martins Silvia S 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesExcessive opioid prescribing is a contributing factor to the opioid epidemic in the USA. We aimed to develop, implement and evaluate the usability of a clinical decision-making mobile application (app) for opioid prescription after surgery.MethodsWe developed two clinical decision trees, one for opioid prescription after adult laparoscopic cholecystectomy and one for posterior spinal fusion surgery in adolescents. We developed a mobile app incorporating the two algorithms with embedded clinical decision-making, which was tested by opioid prescribers. A survey collected prescription intention prior to app use and participants’ evaluation. Participants included opioid prescribers for patients undergoing (1) laparoscopic cholecystectomy in adults or (2) posterior spinal fusion in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.ResultsEighteen healthcare providers were included in this study (General Surgery: 8, Paediatrics: 10). Intended opioid prescription before app use varied between departments (General Surgery: 0–10 pills (mean=5.9); Paediatrics: 6–30 pills (mean=20.8)). Intention to continue using the app after using the app multiple times varied between departments (General Surgery: N=3/8; Paediatrics: N=7/10). The most reported reason for not using the app is lack of time.ConclusionsIn this project evaluating the development and implementation of an app for opioid prescription after two common surgeries with different prescription patterns, the surgical procedure with higher intended and variable opioid prescription (adolescent posterior spinal fusion surgery) was associated with participants more willing to use the app. Future iterations of this opioid prescribing intervention should target surgical procedures with high variability in both patients’ opioid use and providers’ prescription patterns.
Validating a clinical laboratory parameter-based deisolation algorithm for patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit using viability PCR: the CoLaIC multicentre cohort study protocol
Authors: Schoenmakers Tom , van Bussel Bas C T , Gorissen Stefan H M , van Loo Inge H M , van Rosmalen Frank , Verboeket-van de Venne Wilhelmine P H G , Wolffs Petra F G , van Mook Walter N K A , Leers Mathie P G 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionTo investigate whether biochemical and haematological changes due to the patient’s host response (CoLab algorithm) in combination with a SARS-CoV-2 viability PCR (v-PCR) can be used to determine when a patient with COVID-19 is no longer infectious.We hypothesise that the CoLab algorithm in combination with v-PCR can be used to determine whether or not a patient with COVID-19 is infectious to facilitate the safe release of patients with COVID-19 from isolation.Methods and analysisThis study consists of three parts using three different cohorts of patients. All three cohorts contain clinical, vital and laboratory parameters, as well as logistic data related to isolated patients with COVID-19, with a focus on intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The first cohort will be used to develop an algorithm for the course of the biochemical and haematological changes of the host response of the COVID-19 patient. Simultaneously, a second prospective cohort will be used to investigate the algorithm derived in the first cohort, with daily measured laboratory parameters, next to conventional SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase PCRs, as well as v-PCR, to confirm the presence of intact SARS-CoV-2 particles in the patient. Finally, a third multicentre cohort, consisting of retrospectively collected data from patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, will be used to validate the algorithm.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee from Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (cohort I: 2020-1565/300523) and Zuyderland MC (cohorts II and III: METCZ20200057). All patients will be required to provide informed consent. Results from this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and congress/consortium presentations.
Qualitative studies of the lived experiences of being in foster care: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Hayes Claire , Tongs Christian , Bhaskara Adella , Buus Niels 
Published: February 2023

The aim of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the existing qualitative research concerning the lived experiences of children and young people currently in foster care.IntroductionLived experience of foster care is an area of limited research. Studies tend to focus on foster caregiver retention rates, education performance outcomes, evaluations and policy development. Although these studies are important, they provide little insight into the everyday lives of those currently in foster care, which is likely to influence these previous areas of research.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s approach to scoping studies. A systematic database search of PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO will be conducted followed by a systematic chain search of referenced and referencing literature. English-language peer-reviewed qualitative studies of children and young people currently in foster care will be included. We will exclude studies linked to transitioning out of foster care and studies with samples mixed with other types of out-of-home care. Mixed-methods studies will be excluded in addition to programme, treatment or policy evaluations. Following removal of duplicates, titles and abstracts will be screened, followed by a full-text review. Two researchers will independently screen references against inclusion and exclusion criteria using Covidence software. The quality of the included studies will be assessed by two independent reviewers using the appropriate Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist.Ethics and disseminationInformation gathered in this research will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences relevant to foster care services and quality improvement. Reports will be disseminated to relevant foster care agencies, where relevant. Ethical approval and informed consent are not required as this protocol is a review of existing literature. Findings from the included studies will be charted and summarised thematically in a separate manuscript.
Representation of patients with non-English language preferences in motor vehicle collision trauma and emergency medicine research
Authors: Smith Margaret , Tibbetts Claire , Agrawal Pooja , Cordone Alexis , Leff Rebecca , Smith Rand N , Moran Timothy P , Brackett Alexandria , Zeidan Amy 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundIndividuals with non-English language preferences (NELP) represent a growing proportion of the USA population. Prior studies demonstrate disparate health outcomes related to NELP status; however, this patient population is often excluded from medical research. There is a paucity of literature describing the impact of NELP status on trauma, specifically injury and outcomes related to vehicle occupants injured during motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). The goal of this study was to evaluate the representation of patients with NELP in both emergency medicine and trauma literature.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of US-based publications from 2010 to 2021. Titles, abstracts and full texts of eligible articles were evaluated. Data were extracted using an a priori determined standardised reporting tool to evaluate language as study inclusion/exclusion criteria, manuscript reporting of language, assessment of language as a primary variable and consideration of language in study methodology.ResultsA total of 82 studies met inclusion criteria. Twenty-three studies (28%) excluded NELP populations and only one study explicitly included the NELP population. None of the studies evaluated language as a primary outcome of the study or included language as a variable in the analysis. Over half of the studies (53.6%) used a public data set or registry.ConclusionNELP populations are routinely excluded from and are difficult to identify in MVC trauma research. Without appropriate inclusion and identification, it will be difficult to understand the prevalence and outcomes of traumatic injury in NELP patients and to develop culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions.
Immunoproteasome subunit β5i promotes perifascicular muscle atrophy in dermatomyositis by upregulating RIG-I
Authors: Zhang Lu , Xia Qisheng , Li Wenli , Liu Qingyan , Zhang Lining , Tian Xiaolan , Ye Lifang , Wang Guochun , Peng Qinglin 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundPerifascicular atrophy is a unique pathological hallmark in dermatomyositis (DM)-affected muscles; however, the mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of the immunoproteasome subunit β5i and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) in DM-associated muscle atrophy.MethodsThe expression of β5i and RIG-I in the muscles of 16 patients with DM was examined by PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The associations between β5i and RIG-I expression levels and muscle disease severity were evaluated. Lentivirus transduction was used to overexpress β5i in human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMMs) and consequent cell functional changes were studied in vitro.Resultsβ5i and RIG-I expression in the muscle of patients with DM was significantly increased and closely associated with muscle disease severity. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses showed the marked colocalised expression of β5i and RIG-I in perifascicular myofibres. β5i overexpression in HSMMs significantly upregulated RIG-I, the muscle atrophy marker MuRF1, type I IFN-related proteins (MxA and IFNβ) and NF-κB pathway-related proteins (pIκBα, pIRF3 and pNF-κBp65). In addition, the viability of HSMMs decreased significantly after β5i overexpression and was partly recovered by treatment with a β5i inhibitor (PR957). Moreover, activation of RIG-I by pppRNA upregulated IFNβ and MuRF1 and reduced the cell viability of HSMMs.ConclusionThe immunoproteasome subunit β5i promotes perifascicular muscle atrophy in DM via RIG-I upregulation; our findings suggest a pathomechanistic role of β5i and RIG-I in DM-associated muscle damage, highlighting these components as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of DM.
Symptom documentation and intervention in paediatric cancer care-association with severity: observational study
Authors: Tomlinson Deborah , Chakkalackal Lauren , Calligan Maryann , Tardif-Theriault Cassandra , Kuczynski Susan , Schechter Tal , Vettese Emily , Tomlinson George A , Dupuis L Lee , Sung Lillian 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesPrimary objectives were to determine the relationship between prevalence of symptom documentation and intervention provision, and increasing severity of bothersome symptoms, as identified by guardians using guardian-reported Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (proxy-SSPedi), which is validated and measures the extent of bothersome symptoms in paediatric patients with cancer.MethodsWe included guardians of children 2–7 years of age receiving cancer treatments and seen in hospital daily for 4 consecutive days. Guardians reported proxy-SSPedi at study enrolment and 3 days later. Chart review was performed between the day prior and the day following proxy-SSPedi completion. Symptom documentation and intervention provision were determined by two independent abstractors.ResultsWe enrolled 190 guardians who provided 371 proxy-SSPedi assessments in 190 children. The most common severely bothersome symptoms were ‘feeling tired’, ‘feeling more or less hungry than they usually do’ and ‘feeling cranky or angry’. Among those with increasing severity of bother, documentation was significantly more common for 12 symptoms while intervention was significantly more common for 7 symptoms. Intervention was not significantly more common with increasing severity of bother due to ‘feeling tired’, ‘feeling more or less hungry than they usually do’ and ‘feeling cranky or angry’.ConclusionsSymptom documentation was generally more common in patients with severely bothersome symptoms. Intervention was not more common among those with increasing severity of bother due to fatigue, changes in hunger or anger, which were the most common severely bothersome symptoms. Future efforts should focus on facilitating intervention provision to patients with bothersome symptoms.
Palliative gastrointestinal surgical oncology–outcomes after palliative care consultation: retrospective observational study
Authors: Laitamäki Matti , Piili Reetta P , Laukkarinen Johanna , Ukkonen Mika 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesPalliative surgery aims to relieve patients’ symptoms and improve quality of life with surgical interventions. While a multidisciplinary approach has been found beneficial for critically ill patients, limited evidence supports this approach in palliative surgery. Here we sought to study whether palliative care consultations can improve outcomes among patients undergoing palliative surgery.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing palliative care at gastrosurgical wards in a tertiary Finnish university hospital during a 2-year study period were included. Outcomes of those undergoing surgery with or without palliative care consultation were compared. The main outcome measures were patients’ functional status, postoperative morbidity and mortality.ResultsA total of 312 patients were included, of whom 173 underwent surgery, 77 endoscopic care and 62 were treated conservatively. Of the operated patients, 24 underwent multidisciplinary assessment while among the rest, the treatment decision was based on the surgeons’ assessment. Multidisciplinary assessment was associated with a clinically significantly reduced morbidity (8.3% vs 23%, p=0.111), in-hospital mortality (8.3% vs 17%, p=0.051) and rate of hospital readmissions (8.3% vs 21%, p=0.052). There was no difference in median survival 49 (2–440) vs 45 (1–971) days (p=0.949). Of those undergoing conservative care, 44% could have undergone surgery.ConclusionsThe aim of the palliative surgery is to relieve symptoms among patients with no hope of being cured. While the involvement of the palliative care consultation into the surgical decision-making is likely to reduce unnecessary operations, it is likely to be even more important in improving quality of end-of-life care.