bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatile anesthetic preconditioning modulates oxidative stress and nitric oxide in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Dharmalingam Sathish Kumar , Amirtharaj G Jayakumar , Ramachandran Anup , Korula Mary 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Myocardial preconditioning using volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane and sevoflurane have beneficial effects in decreasing morbidity in cardiac surgical patients. Studies in animal models have indicated that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species probably play a role in mediating these effects. However, data from human studies are scarce and the differential effect of sevoflurane vs. isoflurane on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) has not been studied extensively.

Materials and Methods:
Randomized clinical control trial comparing preconditioning effects of volatile agents isoflurane and sevoflurane when administered during coronary artery bypass surgeries on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Serum samples were collected at 3 time points before induction, after cross clamp release and one hour after separation from CPB. Levels of oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide were analyzed in these samples.

Results:
Hemodynamic indices, cardio-pulmonary bypass duration, and ICU stay were similar between the groups. CKMB values 12 hours post-op were decreased in majority of patients in the sevoflurane group compared to isoflurane. Serum malondialdehyde and nitrate levels were lower with sevoflurane (P < 0.05) when compared to the isoflurane group, but no significant differences in protein carbonyl content or protein thiol content were evident between the 2 groups. Sevoflurane also prevented the decrease in total thiols during later stages of surgery.

Conclusions:
Volatile anesthetics, isoflurane and sevoflurane modulate oxidative and nitrosative stress during CABG. Between the two pre-conditioning agents, isoflurane seems to provide better protection during the pre-bypass period, while sevoflurane provides protection during both pre- as well as post-bypass period.
Renal Function and Inflammatory Response in Neonates Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With or Without Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion—A Post hoc Analysis
Authors: Jahnukainen Timo , Rautiainen Paula , Tainio Juuso , Pätilä Tommi , Salminen Jukka T , Keski-Nisula Juho 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may lead to tissue hypoxia, inflammatory response, and risk for acute kidney injury (AKI). We evaluated the prevalence of AKI and inflammatory response in neonates undergoing heart surgery requiring CPB with or without antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP).

Methods:
Forty neonates were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the use of ACP. AKI was classified based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Inflammatory response was measured using plasma concentrations of interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10), white blood cell count (WBC), and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Results:
Eight patients (20%) experienced AKI: five (29%) in the ACP group and three (13%) in the non-ACP group (P = 0.25). Postoperative peak plasma creatinine and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were significantly higher in the ACP group than in the non-ACP group [46.0 (35.0–60.5) vs 37.5 (33.0-42.5), P = 0.044 and 118.0 (55.4–223.7) vs 29.8 (8.1–109.2), P = 0.02, respectively]. Four patients in the ACP group and one in the non-ACP group required peritoneal dialysis (P = 0.003). Postoperative plasma IL-6, IL-10, and CRP increased significantly in both groups. There were no significant differences between the ACP and non-ACP groups in any of the inflammatory parameters measured.

Conclusions:
No significant difference in the AKI occurrence or inflammatory response related to CPB modality could be found. In our study population, inflammation was not the key factor leading to AKI. Due to the limited number of patients, these findings should be interpreted with caution.
Fluid Resuscitation after Cardiac Surgery in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ramanan Mahesh , Roberts Shaun , McCullough James Patrick Adrian , Naidoo Rishendran , Rapchuk Ivan , Matebele Mbakise , Tabah Alexis , Kruger Peter , Smith Julian , Shekar Kiran 
Published: March 2023

Context and Aims:
To describe current fluid and vasopressor practices after cardiac surgery in Australia and New Zealand cardiothoracic intensive care units (ICU).

Design and Setting:
This web-based survey was conducted in cardiothoracic ICUs in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods:
Intensivists, cardiac surgeons, and anesthetists were contacted to complete the online survey that asked questions regarding first and second choice fluids and vasopressors and the tools and factors that influenced these choices.

Results:
There were 96 respondents including 51 intensivists, 27 anesthetists, and 18 cardiac surgeons. Balanced crystalloids were the most preferred fluids (70%) followed by 4% albumin (18%) overall and among intensivists and anesthetists; however, cardiac surgeons (41%) preferred 4% albumin as their first choice. The most preferred second choice was 4% albumin (74%). Among vasopressors, noradrenaline was the preferred first choice (93%) and vasopressin the preferred second choice (80%). 53% initiated blood transfusion at a hemoglobin threshold of 70 g/L. Clinical acumen and mean arterial pressure were the most commonly used modalities in determining the need for fluids.

Conclusions:
There is practice variation in preference for fluids used in cardiac surgical patients in Australia and New Zealand; however, balanced crystalloids and 4% albumin were the most popular choices. In contrast, there is broad agreement with the use of noradrenaline and vasopressin as first and second-line vasopressors. These data will inform the design of future studies that aim to investigate hemodynamic management post cardiac surgery.
Spectrum of COVID-19 Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Mukherjee Topoti , Bonu Ravishankar , Prakash G. K. , Sankaran Sundar , Ballal Sudarshan 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
COVID-19 infection can be mild to devastating in renal transplant recipients. We looked at the clinical course in all the renal transplant recipients who attended our hospital for COVID-19 infection.

Study Design:
Case series - This was a retrospective observational study of renal transplant recipients infected with varying degrees of COVID-19 infection, who sought care in our hospital. COVID-19 infection was defined as mild, moderate, or severe based on the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.

Settings and Participants:
The study included all renal transplant recipients with a functioning graft, who attended our hospital for COVID-19 infection between July 2020 and January 2022. Their data were obtained from electronic records.

Results and Observations:
A total of 18 renal transplant recipients sought care at our center for COVID-19 infection. There were 19 episodes of COVID infection in these 18 patients (one reinfection). Seven of these were transplanted at our center and 11 were transplanted elsewhere and were following up at our center. Of the 18 patients, 12 (66.67%) had mild infection, 2 (11.11%) had moderate COVID-19 infection, and 4 (22.22%) had severe or critical disease. Two of the severe cases died with a functioning graft, one had graft loss, and one recovered. Acute kidney injury occurred in 22.22% of cases (n = 4). The most common presenting symptom was fever (77.78%). The most common comorbidity was hypertension. The source of infection was predominantly the community (17/18 patients). The number of renal transplants during the above period at our center was 24. The infection rate and mortality rate among these patients were 29.16% (n = 7) and 42/1000 (n = 1), respectively.

Limitations:
The study was based on the availability of data in our electronic records. There was no standard immunosuppression protocol followed. The retrospective design and small numbers are added limitations of our study. As we included all renal transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection irrespective of the time and place of transplant, the infection rate and mortality rate could not be computed on all 18 patients using a common denominator.

Conclusion:
Transplant patients have a variable outcome after COVID-19 infection. There may be an inherent individual susceptibility in addition to risk factors such as immunocompromised state and diabetes.
Correlates of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease in Stable Postrenal Transplant Patients from South India
Authors: Manual Maria Bethsaida , Medooru Kusuma Kumari , Yadagiri Lakshmi Amancharla , Vanajakshamma Velam , Bitla Aparna R. , Ram Rapur , Vishnubotla Siva Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) show increased mortality after 1st year of undergoing renal transplantation. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of mortality in these patients. Oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction (ED) represent a key triad for the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. The present study was undertaken to assess OS, inflammatory biomarkers, and ED as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis in stable RTRs.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty stable post-RTRs along with 30 healthy individuals as controls were included in the study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India. Lipid profile; OS markers; malondialdehyde (MDA), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP); inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 (IL-6); ED markers nitric oxide (NO) and P-selectin were estimated using standard methods. Lipid indices were calculated. Carotid intima-media thickness, two-dimensional echocardiogram, and renal Doppler scans were done.

Results:
No difference in lipid profile was observed between the RTRs and the control groups. RTRs had significantly higher oxidant markers (MDA and IMA), inflammatory marker (IL-6), marker of ED (NO), and lower antioxidant marker (FRAP) (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. RTRs had significantly more number of carotid plaques compared to the control group. A positive correlation was observed between number of carotid plaque and OS, ED, and inflammatory markers.

Conclusion:
RTRs have increased CVD risk despite undergoing renal replacement therapy. This can be attributed to the increased OS and inflammation which is seen in these patients.
A Prospective Observational Study to Compare ABO Isoagglutinin Titer by Conventional Test Tube and Column Agglutination Technique after Heat Inactivation of Plasma in O Blood Group Individuals
Authors: Ranjan Shweta , Pandey Prashant , Setya Divya , Kumari Supriya 
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims:
When determining ABO antibody titers, IgG antibodies can be masked by immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Hence, the measurement of actual concentration of IgG requires methods such as heat inactivation (HI) of plasma. This study was aimed at determining the effects of HI on IgM and IgG titers performed by conventional test tube (CTT) technique and column agglutination technique (CAT).

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective, observational study conducted from October 2018 to March 2020. All consecutive O group donors who gave consent for participation were included in the study. All samples were consecutively tested by CTT and CAT, before and after HI (pCTT and pCAT).

Results:
A total of 2005 donors were included. IgG titers were found to be more than IgM titers. pCTT IgG results are similar or lower when compared to results obtained by solid-phase red cell adherence (SPRCA), whereas pCAT IgG titers were higher with pCAT when compared to hemagglutination (HA)/SPRCA. The results of titers obtained by pCTT were lower as compared to pCAT and HA/SPRCA, with majority giving results <64. The median IgG and IgM titers for both anti-A and anti-B were highest in pCAT, whereas the median IgG and IgM anti-A and anti-B titers were similar to HA and pCTT.

Conclusion:
Results obtained by HA/SPRCA were closer to results obtained by pCTT, with the advantage of less time consumption, automation requiring less expertise, and no interobserver variation. Titers obtained by pCAT were higher in comparison to HA/SPRCA and pCTT results, due to high sensitivity.
Association of Abnormal Oral Habits with Body Mass Index among 6–12-year-old School Children in and Around Melmaruvathur: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Siva L , Krishnakumar R , Sugumaran DK , Mohan G , Ahamed SS , Prabhu A 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The habit of eating more of sugary drinks and foods with high in trans fats and excessive saturated fatty foods, when the person is in stress has an effect on the individual’s weight.

Objectives:
To evaluate the body mass index (BMI) and determine its association with abnormal oral habits in 6–12-year-old school-going children.

Materials and Methods:
The 46 schools were selected based on simple random sampling technique and all children who were aged between 6 and 12 years were included in the study. Among 5525 children screened, 1665 (30.13%) had various types of abnormal oral habits. The BMI of these children was calculated. The obtained BMI values were compared using Chi-square test in IBM SPSS windows version 20 software, where P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The association between bruxism, lip biting, nail biting, and pencil biting habits with their BMI was found to be statistically significant and other habits like thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, mouth breathing and masochistic habits with their BMI which was found to be statistically non-significant.

Conclusion:
The children with stress-related oral habits had high BMI and their associations were found to be statistically significant. Hence, identification of children with stress-related oral habits and sensitization of parents, teachers, and the caregiver is of great importance.
A comparative study of 20% azelaic acid cream versus 5% tranexamic acid solution for the treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients with acne vulgaris: A single-blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sobhan Mohammadreza , Talebi-Ghane Elaheh , Poostiyan Elnaz 
Published: March 2023

Background:
There is a lack of evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of topical tranexamic acid (TA) for the treatment of acne-related postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of twice-daily administration of 20% azelaic acid (AZA) cream versus 5% TA solution for the treatment of PIH in patients with acne vulgaris.

Materials and Methods:
Patients in the present single-blinded randomized clinical trial were randomized into AZA or TA groups for 12 weeks. The rate of healing was assessed by scoring recorded photographs based on postacne hyperpigmentation index (PAHI) at baseline, 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. The frequency of side effects was examined and recorded at each study time point.

Results:
Thirty volunteers in each treatment group completed the intervention. PAHI score in both AZA and TA groups improved during the study course (Ptime < 0.001, for both groups). However, mean PAHI scores were comparable in the two groups (Pgroup = 0.05). No significant interaction was also found between time and treatments in terms of PAHI score (Ptime × group = 0.66). The frequency of treatment-related side effects was significantly higher in the AZA group compared to the TA group at week 4 of treatment (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the frequency of reported side effects at weeks 8 and 12 of the treatment (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Topical administration of 20% AZA cream and 5% TA solution was comparably efficient in the treatment of acne-related PIH with a significantly better safety profile of TA in the 1st month of the treatment.
Validity of Science Literacy on the Respiratory System in Indonesia’s Merdeka Curriculum
Authors: Apriliyani Putri , Susantini Endang , Yuliani Yuliani 
Published: March 2023

Objective: This study aims to produce a junior high school-level scientific literacy test on the topic of the human respiratory system in the Merdeka Indonesia curriculum. Method: The method used in this study is a modified research and development method. The data collection technique was carried out using the validation method of Aiken calculations. The scientific literacy test instrument was developed using scientific literacy indicators from the adaptation of Gormally et al. (2012) combined with learning objectives. Then it was validated by three validators who are experts in their fields. The validator provides a Likert scale score (1-4) and suggestions as material for consideration for improvement. The validator assesses the instrument based on material substance, construction, and language aspects. The research data were analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. Results: The results of the validation were then carried out by Aiken calculations, with very valid results, namely the value of V ≤ 0.80 on the substance aspect of 0.89, the construction aspect of 0.94, and the language aspect of 0.93. The scientific literacy instruments developed are valid and can be used to measure the scientific literacy of junior high school students in the Merdeka Indonesia Curriculum. Novelty: This research can provide an overview of scientific literacy instruments per the Merdeka curriculum, which can motivate teachers to train in scientific literacy.
Improving the efficiency of personal security of employees of correctional institutions of the penal system
Authors: Василенко С.Н. 
Published: March 2023

В статье рассматриваются вопросы законодательного закрепления определения безопасности уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации в целом и личной безопасности сотрудника; анализируются меры организационно-правового характера обеспечения безопасности персонала УИС, определенные законодательством Российской Федерации; внешние и внутренние факторы, которые влияют на безопасность сотрудников пенитенциарных учреждений. Отмечаются проблемы, связанные с нововведениями при приеме на службу, которые усложняют процедуру трудоустройства на должности младшего начальствующего состава, вследствие чего офицерский состав в исправительном учреждении вынужден брать на себя ряд не свойственных для данной категории сотрудников УИС обязанностей. Также для повышения уровня безопасности автор указывает на необходимость технической оснащенности сотрудников ИУ, проведения занятий по служебно-боевой подготовке, изучения нормативных правовых актов, строгого соблюдения законности при обращении с лицами, отбывающими уголовные наказания, а также законного применения мер личной безопасности сотрудников ИУ при работе с осужденными.
The article deals with the issues of legislative consolidation of the definition of the security of the penal system in general and the personal security of the employee of the penal system; measures of organizational and legal nature of ensuring the security of the personnel of the penal system, determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, are analyzed; external and internal factors that affect the security of prison staff. There are problems associated with innovations in recruitment, which complicate the procedure for employment in the positions of junior commanding staff, as a result of which the officers in the correctional institution are forced to take on a number of duties unusual for this category of employees of the penal system. Also, in order to increase the level of security, the author points out the need for technical equipment of the employees of the penitentiary, conducting classes in service and combat training, studying regulatory legal acts, strict observance of the law when dealing with persons serving criminal sentences, as well as the legal application of personal security measures for employees of the penitentiary at work with the convicts.
Method for determining the risk of developing reproductive loss in the 1st trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Kastsova L. V. 
Published: March 2023

Objective. To develop a method for determining the risk of reproductive loss in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.Materials and methods. Blood serum, whole blood, medical records of an inpatient (form No. 003/-07), and exchange cards (form No. 113/-07) of 94 pregnant women. Interleukin-6 concentration was assessed in the examined patients by immune-enzyme analysis. The level of leukocytes and monocytes was determined in whole blood by general clinical routine methods on a hematology analyzer. Statistica 10.0 software package and “R” programming language, version 4.1, were used for statistical analysis.Results. The developed logistic regression equation (sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 83.33%; classification accuracy, 86.17%) by determining the linear predictor Z makes it possible to assign a pregnant woman to the high risk group for the development of reproductive loss in the 1st trimester (Z > -0.4519).Conclusion. The proposed new method for determining a high risk of developing reproductive loss in the 1st trimester of pregnancy makes it possible to carry out appropriate therapeutic measures to help preserve women’s reproductive health, improve fertility, and increase the birth rate.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: diagnostic features
Authors: Yudenko M. A. , Buinevich I. V. , Rusanau D. Yu. 
Published: March 2023

Objective. To study demographic, clinical characteristics and concomitant pathology of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Gomel city and Gomel region for the period 2017-2021. To evaluate the informative value of different techniques for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in non-respiratory samples in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.Materials and methods. A retrospective study of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases registered from 2017 to 2021 in Gomel and Gomel region (308 patients) was carried out. The results of microscopic, bacteriological and molecular genetic methods of non-respiratory and respiratory samples relevant in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis were analyzed.Results. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with EPTB in Gomel and Gomel region for the period 20172021 were revealed. Concomitant pathology in patients with EPTB was analyzed, the features of EPTB diagnostics were studied. It was determined that EPTB is more susceptible to males aged 31 to 50 years and to women aged over 60 years. EPTB is more frequently diagnosed in patients from urban areas and when patients come to medical institutions with nonspecific complaints, except for intrathoracic lymph node tuberculosis (ITLN).Conclusion. In the structure of clinical forms of EPTB, lesions of bones and joints (62.7%) and intrathoracic lymph nodes (19.5%) predominate. HIV-positive patients are more common in the ITLN group. MBT is most often detected in the following localizations of extrapulmonary process: intrathoracic and peripheral lymph nodes, pleural tuberculosis. The most highly informative method of examination of biological nonrespiratory material for detection of MBT in extrapulmonary localization is molecular genetic study.