bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark respiration explains nocturnal stomatal conductance in rice regardless of drought and nutrient stress
Authors: Yan Yulin , Ryu Youngryel , Dechant Benjamin , Li Bolun , Kim Jongmin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe ecological mechanism underlying nocturnal stomatal conductance (gsn) in C3 and C4 plants remains elusive. In this study, we proposed a ‘coordinated leaf trait’ hypothesis to explain gsn in rice plants. We conducted an open‐field experiment by applying drought, nutrient stress and the combined drought–nutrient stress. We found that gsn was neither strongly reduced by drought nor consistently increased by nutrient stress. With the aforementioned multiple abiotic stressors considered as random effects, gsn exhibited a strong positive correlation with dark respiration (Rn). Notably, gsn primed early morning (5:00–7:00) photosynthesis through faster stomatal response time. This photosynthesis priming effect diminished after mid‐morning (9:00). Leaves were cooled by gsn‐derived transpiration. However, our results clearly suggest that evaporative cooling did not reduce dark respiration cost. Our results indicate that gsn is more closely related to carbon respiration and assimilation than water and nutrient availability, and that dark respiration can explain considerable variation of gsn.
Unsuspected consequences of synonymous and missense variants in OCA2 can be detected in blood cell RNA samples of patients with albinism
Authors: Michaud Vincent , Sequeira Angèle , Mercier Elina , Lasseaux Eulalie , Plaisant Claudio , Hadj‐Rabia Smail , Whalen Sandra , Bonneau Dominique , Dieux‐Coeslier Anne , Morice‐Picard Fanny , Coursimault Juliette , Arveiler Benoît , Javerzat Sophie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2) is the second most frequent form of albinism and represents about 30% of OCA worldwide. As with all types of OCA, patients present with hypopigmentation of hair and skin, as well as severe visual abnormalities. We focused on a subgroup of 29 patients for whom genetic diagnosis was pending because at least one of their identified variants in or around exon 10 of OCA2 is of uncertain significance (VUS). By minigene assay, we investigated the effect of these VUS on exon 10 skipping and showed that not only intronic but also some synonymous variants can result in enhanced exon skipping. We further found that excessive skipping of exon 10 could be detected directly on blood samples of patients and of their one parent with the causal variant, avoiding invasive skin biopsies. Moreover, we show that variants, which result in lack of detectable OCA2 mRNA can be identified from blood samples as well, as shown for the most common OCA2 pathogenic missense variant c.1327G>A/p.(Val443Ile). In conclusion, blood cell RNA analysis allows testing the potential effect of any OCA2 VUS on transcription products. This should help to elucidate yet unsolved OCA2 patients and improve genetic counseling.
Justice in Theory and Practice: Debates about Utopianism and Political Action
Authors: Laurence Ben 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis essay provide an overview of debates about the method of political philosophy that have recently gripped the field, focusing on the relationship of theory to practice. These debates can be usefully organized using two oppositions that together carve the field into three broad families of views. Call “practicalism” the view that the theory of justice exists to guide political action. Call “utopianism” the view that reflection on the idea of a just society plays an important role in the theory of justice. Call the view that combines the two positions, “utopian practicalism”. On this view, reflection on the nature of a just society has an important role to play in guiding action. There would appear to be two ways to depart from this position: by rejecting the view's utopianism or its practicalism. So we find in the literature three broad camps: utopian practicalists, anti‐utopians, and anti‐practicalists. This essay provide an opinionated overview the ongoing debates between these three broad positions. It touches on the recent cases against practicalism by G.A. Cohen and David Estlund, the comparativist methodologies advocated by anti‐utopians such as Amartya Sen and Gerry Gaus, and systems failure approaches of Elizabeth Anderson and David Wiens. It also considers the recent development of novel utopian practicalist perspectives in the work of theorists including Erik Wright, Tommie Shelby, Lea Ypi, Pablo Gilabert, and Ben Laurence.
Cell wall polysaccharide and glycoprotein content tracks growth‐form diversity and an aridity gradient in the leaf‐succulent genus Crassula
Authors: Fradera‐Soler Marc , Mravec Jozef , Harholt Jesper , Grace Olwen M. , Jørgensen Bodil 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCell wall traits are believed to be a key component of the succulent syndrome, an adaptive syndrome to drought, yet the variability of such traits remains largely unknown. In this study, we surveyed the leaf polysaccharide and glycoprotein composition in a wide sampling of Crassula species that occur naturally along an aridity gradient in southern Africa, and we interpreted its adaptive significance in relation to growth form and arid adaptation. To study the glycomic diversity, we sampled leaf material from 56 Crassula taxa and performed comprehensive microarray polymer profiling to obtain the relative content of cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. This analysis was complemented by the determination of monosaccharide composition and immunolocalization in leaf sections using glycan‐targeting antibodies. We found that compact and non‐compact Crassula species occupy distinct phenotypic spaces in terms of leaf glycomics, particularly in regard to rhamnogalacturonan I, its arabinan side chains, and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). Moreover, these cell wall components also correlated positively with increasing aridity, which suggests that they are likely advantageous in terms of arid adaptation. These differences point to compact Crassula species having more elastic cell walls with plasticizing properties, which can be interpreted as an adaptation toward increased drought resistance. Furthermore, we report an intracellular pool of AGPs associated with oil bodies and calcium oxalate crystals, which could be a peculiarity of Crassula and could be linked to increased drought resistance. Our results indicate that glycomics may be underlying arid adaptation and drought resistance in succulent plants.
Transcriptome analyses reveal transcriptional profiles of horse oocytes before and after in vitro maturation
Authors: Song Xinhui , Jiang Hancai , Lv Peiru , Cui Kuiqing , Liu Qingyou , Yin Shan , Liu Hongbo , Li Zhipeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOocyte in vitro maturation is necessary for the study and application of animal‐assisted reproduction technology in animal reproduction and breeding. The comprehensive transcriptional profile of equine oocyte maturated in vitro has not been fully mined yet, which makes many key transcriptional events still unidentified. Here, Smart‐seq2 was performed to analyse the gene expression pattern and the underlying regulatory mechanism of horse germinal vesicle (GV) and in vitro metaphase II (MII) oocytes. The results showed that 6402 genes (2640 up‐regulated and 3762 down‐regulated in MII samples compared to GV) and 4021 lncRNA transcripts (1210 up‐regulated and 2811 down‐regulated in MII samples compared to GV) were differentially expressed in GV and MII oocytes. Further, GO and KEGG analysis found that differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were mainly enriched in the pathways related to energy and lipid metabolism. In addition, LGALS3 was found a key gene in mediating the regulation of oocyte meiosis recovery and fertilization ability. This study provides novel knowledge about gene expression and energy metabolism during equine oocyte maturation and a reference for the further study and application of assisted reproductive technology in horse reproduction and breeding.
Tightness shifts in the U.S. and China: Implications of tightening or loosening norms during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: McLamore Quinnehtukqut , Syropoulos Stylianos , Li Mengyao , Mentrup Ezra Fabian , Leidner Bernhard , Young Kevin , Yeung Wai Lan Victoria , Mohammad Tasneem , Tamkin Jennifer , Ngyuen Lam Ha , Baracewicz Julia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEmergent research identifies cultural tightness‐looseness as an important factor for understanding cross‐national outcome differences during the coronavirus pandemic. Because perceived tightness‐looseness can be measured as an individual‐level difference rather than a nation‐level difference, and because tightness‐looseness may shift during large‐scale crises, we investigated whether such shifts occurred early in the coronavirus pandemic in both China (a relatively tight nation, n = 3642) and the U.S. (a relatively loose nation, n = 3583) across three cohorts. Tightness increased across cohorts in China and reduced across cohorts in the U.S. These changes transmitted corresponding indirect effects whereby compliance and institutional trust (scientific and government) about the pandemic were increased in China across cohorts, but decreased in the U.S. across cohorts. These patterns extend advice that national governments can increase compliance and trust via “tightening” by cautioning against norm‐setters signaling the reverse (that norms about compliance are loose) given the outcomes observed in the U.S. samples.
Chased from Heaven or Escaping Tourist Hell? Venice's Graduate Students in Focus
Authors: Russo Antonio Paolo , Salerno Giacomo‐Maria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work addresses a key question for the construction and evolution of university cities: their retentiveness of the student population once they complete their studies. It so does with a focus on a distinctively tourist city like Venice, highly attractive for young adults in education, yet at the same time subject to strong pressures for displacement of stable residents. The balance between these two forcefields seems to be on the losing side in recent years. In our research we trace this evolution, through the life histories of a sample of graduates at local universities that resided in Venice in different periods over the last 30 years. We therefore tackle the experiences, motivations and perceptions that have either favoured their integration in this ‘dream place’, or triggered an eventual decision to leave, framed by the irresistible expansion of the city's tourist dimension.
A modified full‐thickness labial/buccal rotational flap reconstruction technique following bilateral rostral maxillectomy and nasal planectomy for resection of maxillary tumors: Technique and results in two dogs
Authors: Kokkinos Panagiotis , Elliott James , Almansa Ruiz José C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a naso‐facial reconstruction technique following bilateral rostral maxillectomy and its functional and cosmetic outcomes.AnimalsTwo dogs.Study designClinical case series.MethodsTwo dogs were presented with a right rostral maxillary mass. Preoperative biopsy and staging revealed a biologically high‐grade and histologically low‐grade fibrosarcoma (Hi‐Lo FSA). A combined nasal planectomy and radical bilateral rostral maxillectomy was performed sparing the labial/buccal mucocutaneous flaps bilaterally. Surgery resulted in asymmetry of the width of the flaps; the narrower flap was rotated medially to reconstruct the lip and create an oral vestibule. The wider flap was rotated medially to cover the remaining dorsolateral opening of the nasal conchae. The flaps overlapped in a parallel manner, discretely concealing the nasal passages, and separating them from the oral cavity. Hemorrhage occurred in both dogs, with one dog requiring a blood transfusion postoperatively.ResultsOral Hi‐Lo FSA with tumor‐free margins was confirmed in both dogs. Both dogs recovered uneventfully within 4 weeks. Owners reported being very satisfied with the functional (return to normal exercise/activities and uncompromised respiration) and cosmetic outcomes. Based on the owners' telephone follow up, no tumor recurrence was noted at 15 (Dog 1) and 6 (Dog 2) months postoperatively.ConclusionThe full‐thickness bilateral labial/buccal rotational flaps were used successfully to reconstruct the rostral maxilla, external nose and facial defects involving the nasal cavity. The technique resulted in acceptable functional and cosmetic outcomes and can be considered for naso‐facial reconstruction in selected cases.
Effect of Instantaneous Starting Pump on Fluid Transient Flow in Managed Pressure Cementing
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Xiang Shilin , Ding Jian , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The fluctuating pressure generated by the instantaneous starting pump of the cementing operation might easily cause formation fracture in narrow safety window formations. Accurate transient fluctuating pressure calculation and dynamically managed backpressure are required to achieve precise control of wellbore pressure in managed pressure cementing. Considering the transient flow characteristics of cementing fluids in the wellbore, unsteady transient friction, and the variation of high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) cementing fluid properties, a transient flow mathematical model of instantaneous starting pump during managed pressure cementing is established, and the method of characteristics is used for solution. Based on this, the established model analyzes the magnitude and variation of wellbore pressure under different model factors, temperature conditions, pump start durations, and target pump flowrates, which can achieve more accurate analysis of transient flow. The pressure and flow fluctuations generated during the instantaneous starting pump of cementing are significant, and the dynamically managed wellhead backpressure can effectively control the wellbore pressure in the narrow safety pressure window formations. This can reduce the risk of well leakage and provide reliable technical support for safe operations of instantaneous starting pumps during managed pressure cementing.
Natural Biopolymer–Hydrogel Nanofibers for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Habeeb Salih Abbas , Abdulkadhim Mushreq Kareem 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study used a suitable solvent such as deionized water and aqueous acetic acid to dissolve completely polymer blends such as gelatin: chitosan: pullulan (G: CS: PUL) with mixing ratios of 80:10:10, 60:20:20, 40:30:30, and 20:40:40, respectively. The properties of natural polymer mixtures, viscosity, surface tension, and electrical conductivity were examined, and the fiber diameter and nanofiber diameter distribution were measured. Increasing the gelatin content from 20% to 80% in the G: CS: PUL increases the properties of biopolymer solutions, such as viscosity, surface tension, and electrical conductivity of 157%, 14%, and 37%, respectively. In addition, increasing the gelatin content reduces the contact angle by 55%. In other words, the average diameter of the nanofibers increased from 91.177 ± 27.162 to 212.46 ± 67.91 nm with the increase of the gelatin content by 40–100% in the blends and obtaining uniform fibers without beads, which enhanced the ability of nanofibers for releasing into the aqueous media and enhancing their use in packaging food such as (80:10:10 and 60:20:20). Moreover, the blend ratio 60:30:30 (G:CS: PUL) had better resistance to bacterial growth; the inhibition zone diameters were 26 and 23 mm for E. coli and S. aureus and had better average crystalline size and crystallinity.
The Effect of Wind Direction on the Cooling Capacity of Short Dry Natural Draft Cooling Towers Operating in Close Proximity
Authors: Khamooshi Mehrdad , Anderson Timothy , Nates Roy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The layout of multiple natural draft dry cooling towers could have a significant influence on the performance of the cooling system in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants; however, this has never been quantified. Hence, this work used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to analyze the cooling capacity of two short natural draft dry cooling towers (NDDCTs) on a common site for a range of tower spacings, wind-speeds, and wind incidence angles. The results show that the cooling performance of the towers is a strong function of tower spacing and their orientation with respect to the wind direction. It was found that when the wind came at a 90-deg wind incidence angle (i.e., normal to a line drawn between the two towers), their cooling capacity was improved at tower spacings of less than 1.8 tower diameters (1.8D), though for the other tower spacings, there was no interaction between the towers. However, with the wind at 45 deg to the towers, the flow around the towers resulted in a decrease in their cooling capacity at tower spacings of 1.8D and 2.6D. Most interestingly, it was found that orienting the towers in line with the prevailing wind direction delivered improvements in the cooling capacity of up to 30%. This is due to the windward tower acting as a passive windbreak. Hence, as CSP plant capacity is increased, and additional cooling towers are required, these should be placed close to any existing tower and oriented along the line of the prevailing winds.
Modeling of Flash Temperature for Elastic Sliding Contact of Single Micro-Asperity Pair
Authors: Wu Zhe , Zhang Yuying , Xu Yang , Jie Desuan , Jackson Robert L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The flash temperature in the sliding frictional contact between micro-asperities has an important influence on the frictional characteristics of advanced functional ceramics. In this paper, the elastic sliding frictional contact of a three-dimensional micron/submicron scale asperity pair is considered. A three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) for fully coupled thermal-stress analysis of sliding contact of SiC/Al2O3 asperity pair is developed. An empirical correction factor for contact characteristics is obtained based on the FEM results. The FEM results show that, compared with the Hertz theoretical solution, the contact area becomes smaller and the contact pressure becomes larger in the case of sliding contact with large deformation. The flash temperature has a negative correlation with the composite radius of the asperity pair and a positive correlation with the interference depth and sliding speed. Using Hertz theory, a parabolic distributed heat source, the Fourier heat conduction law, and the newly proposed correction factor, a semi-analytical model of flash temperature during the elastic frictional sliding between two single asperities is established. The relative difference between the flash temperature predicted by the established semi-analytical model and the FEM model is less than 1.2%. The relative difference decreases with the increasing interference depth. This work is a valuable reference for studying the frictional heat-related issues of advanced ceramics.
Icy thermometers: Quantifying the impact of volcanic heat on glacier elevation
Authors: Howcutt Stephen , Spagnolo Matteo , Rea Brice R. , Jaszewski Jan , Barr Iestyn , Coppola Diego , De Siena Luca , Girona Társilo , Gomez-Patron Andie , Mullan Donal , Pritchard Matthew E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present a continentwide study of 600 glaciers located on and near 37 ice-clad volcanoes in South America. Results demonstrate glacier sensitivity to volcanic heat. We distinguished between “volcanic glaciers” (≤1 km from volcanic centers; n = 74), and “proximal glaciers” (1–15 km; n = 526) and calculated their equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs). For each ice-clad volcano, we compared the ELAs of its volcanic glaciers to those of its proximal glaciers, which showed that the ELAs of the former are higher than the ELAs of the latter. ΔELAmean, defined as the offset between the mean ELA of the volcanic glaciers compared with that of the proximal glaciers, was calculated for each ice-clad volcano. ΔELAmean was positive for 92% of the 37 volcanoes, and a quantitative relationship between ΔELAmean and volcanic thermal anomaly was established. Results highlight the impact of volcanic heat on glacier elevation; emphasize the need to exclude glaciers on, or near, volcanoes from glacier-climate investigations; and demonstrate the first-order potential for glaciers as “volcanic thermometers.” Volcanic-glacier monitoring could contribute to our understanding of magmatic and thermal activity, with changes in glacier geometries potentially reflecting long-term fluctuations in volcanic heat and unrest.
Preliminary results on validity and reliability from two prospective cohort studies on a new Neonatal Coma Score
Authors: Hart Anthony Richard , Kieran Martha , Matthews Elizabeth , Mandefield Laura , Williams Tamanna , Johnson Kathryn , English Sharon , Evans Denise , Cutsey Lisa , Goodden John 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo collect data on content/face validity and interobserver agreement for a Neonatal Coma Score (NCS) in well full-term neonates and on construct validity in unwell and preterm babies, specifically how the NCS changed with gestational age and illness.DesignProspective cohort studies.SettingTwo UK tertiary neonatal units (Sheffield and Leeds).Patients151 well full-term (≥37 weeks gestational age) newborn babies recruited between January and February 2020 in Sheffield and April and May 2021 in Leeds; 101 sick preterm and full-term babies admitted to Sheffield neonatal unit between January 2021 and May 2022.InterventionA new NCS.Main outcome measuresDetermination of normal values in well babies born ≥37 weeks gestational age; data on how the NCS changes with gestational age and illness.ResultsFace validity was demonstrated during development of the NCS. The median NCS of well, full-term newborn babies was 15 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.78 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.84). In the ‘well’ preterm population, 95% <28 weeks had a score ≥11; 28–31 weeks ≥11; 32–36 weeks ≥13 and 37–44 weeks 14–15. The NCS dropped during periods of deterioration, demonstrating evidence of construct validity. Criterion validity was not assessed.ConclusionsThe NCS has good intraobserver agreement in well full-term babies, with a normal NCS 14–15. The NCS in preterm neonates depended on gestational age, and deterioration from baseline was associated with illness. Further work is needed to determine normal scores each gestational age, reliability at lower levels, how early the NCS identifies deterioration and comparison with other assessment tools to demonstrate criterion validity.
Religious Hybridity: Opportunities and Challenges for African Christian Theology
Authors: Hounguevou Barnabé 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Religious hybridity points to the religiosity of individuals who are anchored in one religious system while involved at various levels through affiliation, participation, belonging, or allegiance to other religious traditions. If religious hybridity presents some Christological challenges for African theology, it also brings some opportunities since the persistence of religious hybridity reflects particular aspects of Christian teachings or practices which need further reflections and/or actions. Some areas of the Christian teaching or rituals do not seem to provide sufficient or satisfactory answers to some African Christians who therefore feel the need to retain elements of their traditional religions. African Christian theology is compelled to respond to those unmet needs which are mainly the demands for a genuine inculturation of transitional rites, a more holistic approach to healing, and a proactive engagement with the social reality. The palaver model can be a useful tool to approach those issues.