bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total and differential ionization cross sections in collision between nitrogen atom and singly charged sodium ion
Authors: Al-Ajaleen M. , Tőkési K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present a theoretical study of the ionization of nitrogen atom by a singly charged sodium ion using the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method. Although we suffer from a lack of cross section data of this collision system, the knowledge of the basic cross sections is essential in fusion science, because this reaction has potential applications in the diagnostic of magnetically confined fusion plasmas. In our investigations, the Na+–N collision system is reduced to a three-body problem. The interaction between the collision partners is described by the Garvey-type model potential. The results of our study provide insight into the dynamics of singly charged sodium–nitrogen interactions. The total cross sections are presented in the impact energy range between 10 keV and 10 MeV and compared them with the available experimental data. The single and double differential cross sections are presented at 30, 40, 50 and 60 keV energies related to the energies of the plasma diagnostic used in the nuclear fusion.
Extracting spatial knowledge from track and field broadcasts for monocular 3D human pose estimation
Authors: Baumgartner Tobias , Paassen Benjamin , Klatt Stefanie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCollecting large datasets for investigations into human locomotion is an expensive and labor-intensive process. Methods for 3D human pose estimation in the wild are becoming increasingly accurate and could soon be sufficient to assist with the collection of datasets for analysis into running kinematics from TV broadcast data. In the domain of biomechanical research, small differences in 3D angles play an important role. More precisely, the error margins of the data collection process need to be smaller than the expected variation between athletes. In this work, we propose a method to infer the global geometry of track and field stadium recordings using lane demarcations. By projecting estimated 3D skeletons back into the image using this global geometry, we show that current state-of-the-art 3D human pose estimation methods are not (yet) accurate enough to be used in kinematics research.
Co-delivery of streptomycin and hydroxychloroquine by labeled solid lipid nanoparticles to treat brucellosis: an animal study
Authors: Moez Narjes Morovati , Hosseini Seyed Mostafa , kalhori Fereshte , Shokoohizadeh Leili , Arabestani Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCan brucellosis-related biochemical and immunological parameters be used as diagnostic and treatment indicators? The goal of this project was to look at biochemical parameters, trace elements, and inflammatory factors in the acute and chronic stages of brucellosis after treatment with streptomycin and hydroxychloroquine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (STR-HCQ-SLN). The double emulsion method was used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Serum levels of trace elements, vitamin D, CRP, and biochemical parameters were measured in rats involved in brucellosis. The therapeutic effect of STR-HCQ-SLN was compared with that of free drugs. In both healthy and infected rats, serum concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, potassium, and biochemical parameters of the liver were significantly different. By altering the serum levels of the aforementioned factors, treatment with STR-HCQ-SLN had a positive therapeutic effect on chronic brucellosis. Vitamin D levels declined (46.4%) and CRP levels rose (from 7.5 mg to less than 1 mg) throughout the acute and chronic stages of brucellosis. This study showed that by comparing the biochemical parameters and the levels of trace elements in the serum of healthy and diseased mice in the acute and chronic stages of brucellosis, it is possible to get help from other routine methods for diagnosis.
Carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics of carbonate rocks in the Mesoproterozoic Jixian System of the Ordos Basin and their implications
Authors: Xiaofeng Liu , Zenglin Hong , Jiwei Liang , Xiaodan Guo , Xuping Xue , Shifeng Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe paleoenvironment of Jixian carbonate rocks in the Mesoproterozoic Ordos Basin is studied by carbon and oxygen isotope analyses, diagenetic environment analysis, and the restoration of paleosalinity and paleotemperature. The results indicate that the carbonate rocks of the Jixian System have always been in a near-surface environment and have not been deeply buried. The ranges of variation in δ13CPDB and δ18OPDB are relatively narrow, ranging from − 5.75 to 1.41‰ and − 8.88 to − 4.01‰, respectively, which is consistent with the stable tidal flat sedimentary environment during the Mesoproterozoic in the study area. The paleosalinity (Z) values range from 111.7 to 127.1, and the paleotemperature (T) values range from 32.7 to 57.33 °C, indicating a relatively warm paleoclimatic environment during the Mesoproterozoic era in the study area. The analysis shows that in a warm paleoclimatic environment, although carbon and oxygen isotopes, Z, and T have certain fluctuations, their ranges are relatively small, reflecting to some extent the stable tectonic environment of the study area during the Mesoproterozoic era. Comprehensive research shows that the Ordos Basin had a warm climate and a stable tectonic environment in the Mesoproterozoic, which may be a good response to the North China Block's position near the equator and continuous thermal subsidence in the Mesoproterozoic.
A novel plasmonic metal–semiconductor–insulator–metal (MSIM) color sensor compatible with CMOS technology
Authors: Asl A. Beheshti , Ahmadi H. , Rostami A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractColor detection is one of the top interests in both biological and industrial applications. Specifically, the Determination of the light wave characteristics is vital in photonic technology. One of the features in the color sense that should be found out is its wavelength or color. In this work, we propose a structure that can be used to detect RGB colors separately in an efficient way. The proposed detector consists of the plasmonic filter sensing desired wavelength (red, green, and blue) and the PN diode to convert the received photons to the electrical current. At the input intensity of 1 mW × cm−2, the current density for blue, green, and red colors are 27, 35, and 48 µA × cm−2, respectively. It is shown that the intensities needed to obtain the current densities of 0.1 µA × cm−2 are 3.94, 2.98, and 2.25 µW × cm−2 for the blue, green, and red spectra respectively. It should mention that by using high-precision photodetector structures such as PIN diode, the minimum detectable level can be decreased. Simple adjusting for desired wavelength and linear operation for different input intensities are the characteristics of the designed structure. This detector is compatible with CMOS technology and can be easily utilized in numerous applications, such as charge-coupled devices, displays, and cameras.
Study on reservoir optimal operation based on coupled adaptive ε constraint and multi strategy improved Pelican algorithm
Authors: He Ji , Guo Xiaoqi , Wang Songlin , Chen Haitao , Chai Fu-Xin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe optimal operation of reservoir groups is a strongly constrained, multi-stage, and high-dimensional optimization problem. In response to this issue, this article couples the standard Pelican optimization algorithm with adaptive ε constraint methods, and further improves the optimization performance of the algorithm by initializing the population with a good point set, reverse differential evolution, and optimal individual t-distribution perturbation strategy. Based on this, an improved Pelican algorithm coupled with adaptive ε constraint method is proposed (ε-IPOA). The performance of the algorithm was tested through 24 constraint testing functions to find the optimal ability and solve constraint optimization problems. The results showed that the algorithm has strong optimization ability and stable performance. In this paper, we select Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs as the research objects, establish the maximum peak-cutting model of terrace reservoirs, apply the ε-IPOA algorithm to solve the model, and compare it with the ε-POA (Pelican algorithm coupled with adaptive ε constraint method) and ε-DE (Differential Evolution Algorithm) algorithms, the results indicate that ε. The peak flow rate of the Huayuankou control point solved by the IPOA algorithm is 12,319 m3/s, which is much lower than the safe overflow flow rate of 22,000 m3/s at the Huayuankou control point, with a peak shaving rate of 44%, and other algorithms do not find effective solutions meeting the constraint conditions. This paper provides a new idea for solving the problem of flood control optimal operation of cascade reservoirs.
Maximum principle for partially observed leader–follower stochastic differential game
Authors: Li Ruijing , Ma Heping , Hu Chaozhu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with the optimal control problem for partially observed leader–follower stochastic differential game. By virtue of the classical variational method and Girsanov's theorem, the stochastic maximum principles for the follower under one type of partially observed case and for the leader under the complete information structure are derived. As applications, two partially observed cases are considered for the linear–quadratic models. Then by the stochastic filtering technique, the optimal feedback controls for the follower and the leader are represented by the new stochastic Riccati equations.
Optimal allocation of photovoltaic generations in buildings‐to‐distribution‐network integration system using improved backtracking search optimization algorithm
Authors: Tang Wenhu , Huang Kecan , Zhang Yin , Qian Tong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA novel optimal allocation framework for photovoltaic generations in an integration system of buildings‐to‐distribution‐network using improved backtracking search optimization algorithm is proposed here. In the proposed framework, photovoltaic generations are optimally allocated to optimize the overall performance of a buildings‐to‐distribution‐network regarding the efficient active power usage of photovoltaic generations, the energy savings, and voltage profile improvement of distribution network. The effects of building active demand response on the photovoltaic generations' optimal allocation are considered in the proposed framework. An improved backtracking search algorithm using two new operators is developed to optimize the active power reduction factors and locations of photovoltaic generations. The test results of IEEE 33‐bus and 69‐bus systems demonstrate that the developed framework can take full advantage of photovoltaic generation power and the active demand response of buildings to coordinate the efficient active power usage of photovoltaic generations, the voltage profile improvement and energy savings of a buildings‐to‐distribution‐network. In addition, the improved backtracking search optimization algorithm converges faster than genetic algorithm, classical backtracking search optimization algorithm, and bird swarm algorithm.
Inferring the presence of very massive stars in local star-forming regions
Authors: Martins F. , Schaerer D. , Marques-Chaves R. , Upadhyaya A. 
Published: August 2023

Context. Very massive stars (VMS) have masses in excess of 100 M⊙ and are rare. However, owing to their powerful winds, very high luminosity, and efficient nucleosynthesis, they are key players of star-forming regions. In particular, their strong ionizing fluxes impact the surrounding interstellar medium.
Aims. We aim at detecting VMS in local star-forming region from the imprint they leave on the integrated UV and optical light.
Methods. We analyzed a sample of 27 star-forming regions and galaxies in the local Universe. We selected sources with a metallicity close to 12+log(O/H) = 8.3, which is typical of the Large Magellanic Cloud. We defined empirical criteria to distinguish sources dominated by VMS and Wolf-Rayet stars (WR), using template spectra of VMS- and WR-dominated regions. We subsequently built population synthesis models with an updated treatment of VMS. We investigated the successes and failures of these new models in accounting for the UV-optical spectroscopy of our sample sources.
Results. We show that the UV range alone is not sufficient to distinguish between VMS- and WR-dominated sources because their spectra are almost identical in this range. The region of the WR bumps in the optical breaks the degeneracy. In particular, the morphology of the blue bump at 4640–4686 Å is a key diagnostic. Beyond the prototypical R136 region, which contains VMS, we identify two galaxies showing clear signatures of VMS. In two other galaxies or regions the presence of VMS can be suspected, as already discussed in the literature. The stellar population is clearly dominated by WR stars in seven other sources. The most recent BPASS population synthesis models can neither account for the strong He II 1640 emission, nor for the shape of the blue bump in VMS- and WR-dominated sources. Our models that include VMS more realistically reproduce the UV-optical spectra of VMS-dominated sources.
Conclusions. We conclude that VMS are present in some local star-forming regions, but that separating them from WR-dominated populations requires optical spectroscopy with a high signal-to-noise ratio. A high equivalent width of He II 1640 is not a sufficient condition for identifying VMS. Populations synthesis models need to take VMS into account by incorporating not only evolutionary tracks, but also dedicated spectral libraries. Finally, we stress that the treatment of WR stars needs to be improved as well.
Chronic Hepatitis B In Children: Case Series From A Tertiary
Paediatric Hospital
Authors: Zirek Fazilcan , Hosnut Ferda Ozbay , Sahin Gulseren , Senel Saliha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains an important global public
health problem. Seroconversion is highly correlated with favourable long-term
outcome. There is no consensus on the treatment method, onset time and duration
for paediatric CHB patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the course of
children with CHB, to determine the characteristics of the patients who
developed spontaneous seroconversion and treatment indications, and to compare
the effectiveness of different treatment modalities.
Patients and Methods Patients aged 1–18 years with a diagnosis of
CHB were included in this study and evaluated for the development of spontaneous
hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)/surface antigen (HBsAg)
seroconversion and treatment modalities. The treated patients were divided into
two groups according to their treatment regimen.
Results Of the 114 patients, the median age at diagnosis was 8.4 years and
median follow-up period was 5.2 years. Spontaneous HBeAg and HBsAg
seroconversion developed in 18 (20.6%) of 87 HBeAg positive patients and
two (1.8%) patients, respectively. Thirty-one patients were treated. The
follow-up period was higher in the group with HBeAg seroconversion (p:0.005).
There was no statistical difference between the patients in terms of
seroconversion development and treatment status. The serum alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) values at the time of diagnosis were statistically higher
in treated patients.
Conclusion HBV infection and CHB continue to be an important problem for
children in our country. Consensus on the appropriate ALT ULN is needed for the
treatment of hepatitis in children.
Capsule endoscopy with artificial intelligence-assisted technology: Real-world usage of a validated AI model for capsule image review
Authors: O'Hara Fintan John , Mc Namara Deirdre 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Capsule endoscopy is a time-consuming procedure with a significance error rate. Artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially reduce reading time significantly by reducing the number of images that need human review. An OMOM Artificial Intelligence-enabled small bowel capsule has been recently trained and validated for small bowel capsule endoscopy video review. This study aimed to assess its performance in a real-world setting in comparison with standard reading methods.
Patients and methods In this single-center retrospective study, 40 patient studies performed using the OMOM capsule were analyzed first with standard reading methods and later using AI-assisted reading. Reading time, pathology identified, intestinal landmark identification and bowel preparation assessment (Brotz Score) were compared.
Results Overall diagnosis correlated 100% between the two reading methods. In a per-lesion analysis, 1293 images of significant lesions were identified combining standard and AI-assisted reading methods. AI-assisted reading captured 1268 (98.1%, 95% CI 97.15–98.7) of these findings while standard reading mode captured 1114 (86.2%, 95% confidence interval 84.2–87.9), P < 0.001. Mean reading time went from 29.7 minutes with standard reading to 2.3 minutes with AI-assisted reading (P < 0.001), for an average time saving of 27.4 minutes per study. Time of first cecal image showed a wide discrepancy between AI and standard reading of 99.2 minutes (r = 0.085, P = 0.68). Bowel cleansing evaluation agreed in 97.4% (r = 0.805 P < 0.001).
Conclusions AI-assisted reading has shown significant time savings without reducing sensitivity in this study. Limitations remain in the evaluation of other indicators.
The Bethesda ERCP Skills Assessment Tool (BESAT) can reliably differentiate endoscopists of different experience levels
Authors: Liu Kevin , Elmunzer B. Joseph , Wani Sachin , Taft Tiffany , Walsh Catharine M , Arain Mustafa A , Berzin Tyler M. , Buxbaum James , DiMaio Christopher , Fehmi Syed M. Abbas , Gupta Neil , Jonnalagadda Sreenivasa , Kushnir Vladimir , Maple John T. , Muthusamy Raman , Rastogi Amit , Shah Janak N , Chak Amitabh , Faulx Ashley , Forbes Nauzer , Keswani Rajesh N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims The Bethesda ERCP Skill Assessment Tool (BESAT) is a video-based assessment tool of technical endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) skill with previously established validity evidence. We aimed to assess the discriminative validity of the BESAT in differentiating ERCP skill levels.
Methods Twelve experienced ERCP practitioners from tertiary academic centers were asked to blindly rate 43 ERCP videos using the BESAT. ERCP videos consisted of native biliary cannulation and sphincterotomy and were recorded from 10 unique endoscopists of various ERCP experience (from advanced endoscopy fellow to > 10 years of ERCP experience). Inter-rater reliability, discriminative validity, and internal structure validity were subsequently assessed.
Results The BESAT was found to reliably differentiate between endoscopists of varying levels of ERCP experience with experienced ERCPists scoring higher than novice ERCPists in 11 of 13 (85%) instrument items. Inter-rater reliability for BESAT items ranged from good to excellent (intraclass correlation range: 0.86 to 0.93). Internal structure validity was assessed with item-total correlations ranging from 0.53 to 0.83.
Conclusions Study findings demonstrate that the BESAT, a video-based ERCP skill assessment tool, has high inter-rater reliability and has discriminative validity in differentiating novice from expert ERCP skill. Further investigations are needed to determine the role of video-based assessment in improving trainee learning curves and patient outcomes.
Sociodemographic Factors and Intestinal Microbiome Development in Preterm, Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Desorcy-Scherer Katelyn , Lamberti Monica F. Torrez , Weaver Michael , Lorca Graciela L. , Parker Leslie A. 
Published: August 2023

Objective Preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are at risk for intestinal morbidities and dysbiotic development of the intestinal microbiome. Despite the influence of sociodemographic factors on premature infant health outcomes, whether they shape the intestinal microbiome early in life is not clear. The objective was to explore the associations between race, sex, and socioeconomic status and the intestinal microbiome of VLBW infants during the first 4 weeks of life.
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of data from an ongoing randomized trial of 79 infants ≤30 weeks' gestation and ≤1,500 g. Stool samples were collected at week 1 through week 4, frozen to −80°C and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing of the V4 region using Illumina MiSeq. Reads were analyzed to measure α and β diversity as well as relative abundance of bacteria in the intestinal microbiome.
Results Of the 79 infants, 63 had at least one sample available. Twenty-three (37%) of infants were African American, 30 (48%) were male, and 44 (71%) had Medicaid insurance. There were no statistically significant (<0.05) differences in α diversity or β diversity, and the differential abundance analysis suggests limited patterns of distinction in the intestinal microbiome between non-African American and African American infants, male and female infants, and infants with maternal private or Medicaid insurance.
Conclusion Our results suggest race, sex, and socioeconomic status shape colonization of specific microorganisms to a limited extent. Future studies should confirm these findings and determine clinical relevance through further study of differentially abundant microorganisms and additional factors contributing to colonization patterns.
Key Points
Detecting Oxygenator Thrombosis in ECMO: A Review of Current Techniques and an Exploration of Future Directions
Authors: Leerson Jack , Tulloh Andrew , Lopez Francisco Tovar , Gregory Shaun , Buscher Hergen , Rosengarten Gary 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-support technique used to treat cardiac and pulmonary failure, including severe cases of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) involving acute respiratory distress syndrome. Blood clot formation in the circuit is one of the most common complications in ECMO, having potentially harmful and even fatal consequences. It is therefore essential to regularly monitor for clots within the circuit and take appropriate measures to prevent or treat them. A review of the various methods used by hospital units for detecting blood clots is presented. The benefits and limitations of each method are discussed, specifically concerning detecting blood clots in the oxygenator, as it is concluded that this is the most critical and challenging ECMO component to assess. We investigate the feasibility of solutions proposed in the surrounding literature and explore two areas that hold promise for future research: the analysis of small-scale pressure fluctuations in the circuit, and real-time imaging of the oxygenator. It is concluded that the current methods of detecting blood clots cannot reliably predict clot volume, and their inability to predict clot location puts patients at risk of thromboembolism. It is posited that a more in-depth analysis of pressure readings using machine learning could better provide this information, and that purpose-built imaging could allow for accurate, real-time clotting analysis in ECMO components.
Reconstruction Of Facial Defect In Cancrum Oris
Authors: Khan Prof. Masood H. , Khan Dr. Arshad Hafeez , Yaseen Dr. Mohd. , Bhat Dr. Farooq 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReconstruction of composite, massive tissue loss in 12 cases of cancrum oris is carried out. Three different flaps have been used and their merits are listed.