bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable tamarind kernel powder/kappa‐carrageenan hydrogel for efficient removal of cationic dyes from effluents
Authors: Vaid Vasudha , Jindal Rajeev 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs an adsorbent for wastewater treatment, an eco‐friendly biodegradable hydrogel was utilized in an effort to reduce the hydrogel production costs and decrease its negative impact on the environment. The biodegradable hydrogel of natural polysaccharides, tamarind kernel powder (tkp) with kappa‐carrageenan (kcg), was employed as an adsorbent to remove cationic dyes from an aqueous environment. The impact of factors such as initial adsorbate concentration, pH, contact time, temperature, and adsorbent dosage on maximum adsorption were investigated. The tkp–kcg hydrogel has a remarkable swelling percentage of 1840%. The high water penetration of the tkp–kcg hydrogel made the internal adsorption sites for safranin (SF) and auramine‐O (AO) dye adsorption accessible. The correlation coefficient supported the Langmuir isotherm model's applicability, with maximum adsorption efficiency of 9.372 mg g−1 for SF and 9.225 mg g−1 for AO. The kinetics of adsorption revealed a pseudo‐second order process. Adsorption was an exothermic and spontaneous, according to thermodynamic analyses. Furthermore, the adsorbent was effectively used for five consecutive cycles of SF and AO dye adsorption–desorption. The biodegradation of tkp–kcg hydrogel was characterized by percentage of weight loss, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The composting technique of biodegradation was used in the biodegradation studies. Using the composting process, 92.6% of the synthesized hydrogel was degraded after 70 days. The results demonstrated that the hydrogel has a high microbiological biodegradability. It is believed that the tkp–kcg hydrogel could have excellent wastewater and agricultural applications due to its high water absorption, excellent retention capacities, cost‐effective and ecofriendly synthesis.Practitioner Points
Microwave assisted tkp‐kcg hydrogel was synthesized with the swelling percentage of 1840%.
Synthesized hydrogel showed excellent cationic dyes (SF and AO) adsorption capacity with a good recyclability.
The synthesized hydrogel showed very good biodegradability of 92.6 % in 70 days by using composite method.
Boosting transformation of dissolved oxygen to superoxide radical: Function of P25
Authors: Ren Qiang , Liu Juming , Yang Zhilin , Yang Qi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTiO2(P25) could significantly accelerate the degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) in the UV/K2S2O8 system by about 4 times, and 88.5% of the CT was dechlorinated. The presence of dissolved oxygen (DO) could delay the degradation process. The addition of P25 produced •O2− through the transformation of DO, so as to prevent the inhibitory effect. In this work, it was proved that P25 could not enhance the persulfate (PS) activation. The presence of P25 delayed the CT degradation in the absence of DO. Furthermore, the results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching experiments demonstrated that the presence of P25 could produce •O2−, which could remove CT. Therefore, this work highlights the function of •O2− during the reaction and excludes the possibility that the presence of P25 could activate PS under the UV illumination. Then, the pathway of the CT degradation is discussed. Heterogeneous photocatalysis could provide a new method to deal with the problems caused by DO.Practitioner Points
The main reason of the improvement in P25‐PS‐UV‐EtOH system is transformation of dissolved oxygen into superoxide radical in presence of P25.
The addition of P25 could not accelerate PS activation in P25‐PS‐UV‐EtOH system.
Photo‐induced electron, superoxide radical, alcohol radical and •SO4− could all contribute to CT degradation, and the pathway is discussed.
Heat transfer analysis in a curvilinear flow of hybrid nanoliquid across a curved oscillatory stretched surface with nonlinear thermal radiation
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Naveed Muhammad , Iftikhar Babar , Abbas Zaheer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe primary objective of the study is to examine the influence of the nonlinear thermal radiation on the flow of the hydromagnetic hybrid nanoliquid across an oscillating stretched curved surface. In addition, the impacts of velocity and thermal slip conditions are also considered. Curvilinear coordinate scheme is adopted to construct the mathematical form of the flow model in terms of nonlinear partial differential equations. Analytical solution of the formulated flow equations in the form of convergent series solution is accomplished by employing the Homotopy analysis technique (HAM). A comprehensive inspection of the consequences of different flow parameters, such as the hybrid nanoparticles parameter, magnetic parameter, non‐dimensional velocity slip parameter, dimensionless radius of curvature, dimensionless thermal slip parameter, Prandtl number, dimensionless temperature parameter on the flow, pressure, surface drag force, temperature and on the local Nusselt number is conducted out through graphs and tables and discussed in detail. It is noticed that the amplitude of the liquid velocity is a reducing function of the solid volume fraction parameter for copper and the velocity slip parameter, whereas it is enhanced with increasing solid volume fraction parameter for alumina.
Non‐Darcy‐Forchheimer flow of Casson‐Williamson nanofluid on melting curved stretching sheet influenced by magnetic dipole
Authors: B Nagaraja , AR Ajaykumar , A Felicita , Kumar Pradeep , NG Rudraswamy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing a non‐Darcy‐Forchheimer model with nonlinear thermal radiation, homo‐heterogenic reactions, Joule heating, exponential heat propagation, suction/injection, and melting heat peripheral conditions, the mathematical possibility of Casson‐Williamson nanofluid flow carried over a magnetic dipole‐enabled curved stretching sheet has been considered. Using similarity catalysts, the complex partial differential equations needed to display the given flow are transformed into more manageable ordinary differential equations. The Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg (RKF) 4–5th order tool has been used to draw solution graphs. Each graph has been analyzed in depth and commented on. The research shows that the inverse Darcy parameter and the suction/injection parameter have a detrimental effect on velocity distribution. In addition, the investigation showed that the nonlinear radiation parameter and the melting parameter had contradictory effects on the thermal profile. As a value addition, the flow and temperature distribution have been shown graphically using streamlines and isotherms. Therefore, considered flow over curved geometry is very new with cutting‐edge results which are useful in further research in the field.
From locality to irregularity: introducing local quenches in massive scalar field theory
Authors: Ageev Dmitry S. , Belokon Aleksandr I. , Pushkarev Vasilii V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we initiate the study of operator local quenches in non-conformal field theories. We consider the dynamics of excited local states in massive scalar field theory in an arbitrary spacetime dimension and generalize the well-known two-dimensional CFT results. We derive the energy density, U(1)-charge density and ϕ2(x)-condensate post-quench dynamics, and identify different regimes of their evolution depending on the values of the field mass and the quench regularization parameter. For local quenches in higher-dimensional free massless scalar theories, we reproduce the structure of the available holographic results. We also investigate the local quenches in massive scalar field theory on a cylinder and show that they cause an erratic and chaotic-like evolution of observables with a complicated localization/delocalization pattern.
Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) are highly complex and do not chemically mimic their hosts
Authors: Ronchetti Federico , Schmitt Thomas , Romano Marcello , Polidori Carlo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough recognition using cuticular chemistry is important for host–parasite interactions within aculeate Hymenoptera, cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of only a few host–parasite pairs were characterized and compared. One largely neglected family in this context is the Mutillidae (velvet ants), whose species are ectoparasitoids of bees and wasps. In our study, we characterized and compared the CHC profiles of five species of Mutillidae and seven host species. The CHC profile of velvet ants differed among species and included large proportions of n-alkanes and methyl-branched alkanes. Alkenes were much less abundant in the CHC profiles of three species of velvet ants compared with their hosts, while the other two species possess a much lower abundance of methyl-branched alkanes than their hosts. Both the number of peaks and compound diversity were generally higher in velvet ants compared with their hosts. Thus, CHC profiles of parasitoids did not show signs of mimicry when compared with their hosts. In dyadic encounters between one species of velvet ant and its host bee species, the parasitoid mainly avoided interacting, while aggression by the host was rare. Our results suggest that velvet ants did not evolve chemical mimicry, perhaps in accordance with their wide host spectrum which would limit chemical specialization. However, the reduction of alkenes in social bee-attacking species and the reduction of methyl-branched alkanes in social wasp-attacking species may favour host nest invasion, since these two CHC classes are known to be important in nestmate recognition for social bees and wasps, respectively. A larger, phylogeny-corrected comparison of Mutillidae and hosts may help clarifying the evolution of the CHC profile of these parasitoids.
„Polypill“ in der kardiovaskulären Prävention – erfolgreich durch Vereinfachung?
Authors: Despang Patrick , Schikora Martin , Doehner Wolfram 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen sind nach wie vor die häufigste Todesursache weltweit. Neben einem erhöhten Blutdruck ist ein weiterer modifizierbarer Risikofaktor ein erhöhtes Low-density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterin. Obwohl beides gut medikamentös kontrollierbar ist, bleibt die Kontrolle bisher mangelhaft. Eine wesentliche Ursache ist eine unzureichende Adhärenz zur Medikation. Eine Lösung hierfür ist das Konzept der „Polypill“, also die Kombination mehrerer Wirkstoffe in einer einzelnen Tablette. Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Therapieadhärenz verbessert, sondern auch eine Verringerung kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse und eine Verbesserung der Prognose der Patienten erreicht.

Ziel der Übersicht
Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die aktuellen Evidenzen aus randomisierten klinischen Studien in der Primär- und Sekundärprävention zusammen. Ein wesentlicher Fokus liegt auf der aktuell publizierten SECURE-Studie, die die Wirksamkeit der „Polypill“ in der Sekundärprävention untersucht.

Datenlage
Viele Studien zur „Polypill“ beschäftigen sich mit der Kontrolle der Risikofaktoren und der Verbesserung der Therapieadhärenz, ohne jedoch einen prognostischen Vorteil zu adressieren. Neuere Studien wie HOPE‑3, PolyIran und TIPS‑3 konnten in der Primärprävention einen prognostischen Vorteil aufzeigen. In der Sekundärprävention war dies bis jetzt noch nicht geschehen. Diese Lücke wurde nun durch die SECURE-Studie geschlossen. Hier wurde bei Patienten nach Infarkt nicht nur eine signifikante Reduktion schwerwiegender kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse, sondern auch eine Reduktion kardiovaskulärer Todesfälle durch die „Polypill“ nachgewiesen.

Schlussfolgerung
Das Konzept der „Polypill“ hat sich von einer Komfortmaßnahme – einer Erleichterung der Medikamenteneinnahme für die Patienten – weiterentwickelt hin zu einem innovativen Therapiekonzept mit nachgewiesenem prognostischem Vorteil in Form einer Reduktion schwerwiegender Ereignisse und Todesfälle. Es ist an der Zeit, das Konzept der „Polypill“ breit einzusetzen, um die Bürde der Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen weltweit zur verringern.
Effect of eggshell powder on the microstructural and thermal behavior of Al7075/waste eggshell surface composites produced by solid-state friction stir processing developed for potential thermal applications
Authors: Srivastava Ashish Kumar , Nag Akash , Dwivedi Suryank , Dixit Amit Rai , Hloch Sergej 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Lightweight composite materials for potential thermal applications are the contemporary demand for manufacturing and aircraft industries where the possibility to improve and tailor the desired properties is based on the application. Carbonized eggshell powder is a solid lubricant with absorbent capability and has proven as a reinforcement for metallic base composites. In the present work, an attempt is made to investigate the effect of carbonized chicken eggshell powder (3 to 9% by weight) on the microstructural and thermal properties of Al7075 alloy processed by solid-state friction stir processing. An infrared thermography and three K-type thermocouples equipped with the base plate at three equal distances are used to measure the temperature with respect to time. The comparative study of microstructure and grain structure analysis has been done by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction methods. The findings explored the dynamic recrystallization and grain recovery with a reduced grain size of 6.2 to 10.3 µm at a varying percentage of eggshell powder (3 to 9%) in the stir zone. The thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were measured for the temperature range of 50 to 400 °C. In addition to it, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and derivative thermo-gravimetric analysis (DTG) are conducted for the temperature range of 25 to 900 °C to discuss the endothermic, exothermic nature, and degradation characteristics. The result revealed the decreasing trend of thermal conductivity, and CTE values were found in the range of 97 to 53 W/mK and 26.6 to 24 × 10−6 K−1 (heating cycle), 27.2 to 23.8 × 10−6 K−1(cooling cycle), respectively. Furthermore, the higher and lower thermal conductivity of 108 W/mK and 62 W/mK is observed at higher and lower terminal voltages, 250 V and 100 V, respectively. The DTA, TGA, and DTG curves explored the maximum weight loss, which varies up to 5.25% with exothermic peaks and decomposition steps for each surface composite.
A systematic review of the effect of structured exercise on inflammation and body composition in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Mc Gettigan Neasa , Allen Kathryn , Saeidi Reza , O’ Toole Aoibhlinn , Boland Karen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Given the substantial risk of treatment failure in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), adjuvant therapies may play a role in disease management. We aim to carry out a systematic review to examine the effects of structured exercise on the inflammatory response in patients with IBD. Our secondary aim is to examine the effect of structured exercise programmes on body composition given both an increase in visceral obesity and the presence of sarcopenia have deleterious effects on outcomes in IBD.

Methods
A systematic review was carried out following the Methodological Expectations of Cochrane Intervention Reviews (MECIR) manual and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Title/Abstract and MeSH Terms were used to search for relevant studies.

Results
In total, 1516 records were screened for eligibility, and 148 records were reviewed for eligibility, of which 16 were included and a further 7 studies were identified from hand searching references. Four studies included body composition outcomes, and 14 studies reviewed the inflammatory response to exercise.

Conclusion
Further studies of adequate duration are required to include patients with more active disease to demonstrate an inflammatory response to exercise. Body composition measurements including muscle mass and visceral adiposity may play a key role in response to medical therapy in IBD and should be included as exploratory outcomes in future studies. A meta-analysis was not carried out due to the significant heterogeneity amongst studies.
Ocular manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bulloch Gabriella , Seth Ishith , Zhu Zhuoting , Sukumar Sharanya , McNab Alan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with development of eye diseases is unclear. This current systematic review and meta-analysis attempts to summarize and analyze associations between OSA and ocular disorders in the literature.

Methods
PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web Of Science, and Scopus databases were searched from 1901 to July 2022 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting in Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Our primary outcome assessed the association between OSA and the odds of developing floppy eyelid syndrome (FES), glaucoma, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), keratoconus (KC), idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR) through odds ratio calculated at the 95% confidence interval.

Results
Forty-nine studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled OR estimate was highest for NAION [3.98 (95% CI 2.38, 6.66)], followed by FES [3.68 (95% CI 2.18, 6.20)], RVO [2.71(95% CI 1.83, 4.00)], CSR [2.28 (95% CI 0.65, 7.97)], KC [1.87 (95% CI 1.16, 2.99)], glaucoma [1.49 (95% CI 1.16, 1.91)], IIH [1.29 (95% CI 0.33, 5.01)], and AMD [0.92 [95% CI 0.24, 3.58] All observed associations were significant (p < 0.001) aside from IIH and AMD.

Conclusion
OSA is significantly associated with NAION, FES, RVO, CSR, KC, and glaucoma. Clinicians should be informed of these associations so early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of eye disorders can be addressed in at-risk groups, and early referral to ophthalmic services is made to prevent vision disturbances. Similarly, ophthalmologists seeing patients with any of these conditions should consider screening and referring patients for assessment of possible OSA.
Factors associated with severe corneal endothelial damage following acute primary angle closure in Chinese subjects
Authors: Li Zhi , Fan Ning , Cheng Yanyan , Xiang Fei , Pan Xiaohua , Cao Kai , Zhang Ye , Zhang Qing , Li Shuning 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the corneal endothelial damage caused by acute primary angle closure (APAC) and related risk factors for severe corneal endothelial cell damage in Chinese subjects.

Methods
In this multicentre retrospective study, 160 Chinese patients (171 eyes) diagnosed with APAC were recruited. Endothelial cell density (ECD) and morphological changes short after APAC were studied. Univariate regression and multivariate regression were used to identify risk factors associated with the extent of ECD reduction, including age, gender, education level, patients’ location, systemic diseases, APAC duration (hours), highest recorded intraocular pressure (IOP), and presenting IOP. Factors associated with the probability of severe corneal damage (ECD lower than 1000/mm2) were analysed based on a linear function.

Results
After one APAC episode, 12.28% eyes had ECD lower than 1000/mm2, 30.41% had ECD between 1000 and 2000/mm2, and 57.31% had ECD more than 2000/mm2. Attack duration was the only factor associated with severe endothelial damage (p < 0.0001). If the attack were to be subsided within 15.0 h, possibility of ECD lower than 1000/mm2 could be controlled under 1%.

Conclusion
Shortly after the abortion of APAC, 12.28% patients experienced severe endothelial cell damage with ECD less than 1000/mm2. The only factor associated with severe ECD decrease was attack duration. Immediate and effective treatment is pivotal for preserving corneal endothelial function in APAC patients.
Effects of water flossing on gingival inflammation and supragingival plaque microbiota: a 12-week randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhou Yishan , Liu Chengcheng , Zhao Lei , Zhang Ling , Li Haolai , Li Yi , Cheng Xingqun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives

The effects of water flossing on dental plaque removal have been suggested, but its ecological impact on dental plaque microbiota needs further investigation. In addition, whether this plaque control measure by water flossing promotes the control of halitosis still needs clinical validation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of water flossing on gingival inflammation and supragingival plaque microbiota.

Materials and methods
Seventy participants with gingivitis were randomly assigned to control (toothbrushing) and experimental (toothbrushing + water flossing) groups (n = 35). Participants were recalled at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and their gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, bleeding on probing, dental plaque index, and oral malodor values were measured. The microbiota of supragingival plaque was further investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR.

Results
Sixty-three participants completed all revisits (control: n = 33; experimental: n = 30). The experimental and control groups exhibited similar clinical characteristics and dental plaque microbiota at baseline. Adjunctive water flossing effectively reduced the gingival index and sulcus bleeding index as compared to the toothbrushing control group. The water-flossing group showed reduced oral malodor at week 12 as compared to the baseline. Consistently, the water-flossing group exhibited altered dental plaque microbiota at week 12, characterized by a depletion of Prevotella at genus level and Prevotella intermedia at species level as compared to the toothbrushing control. In addition, the plaque microbiota of water-flossing group exhibited a more aerobic phenotype, while the control group was more anaerobic.

Conclusions
Daily water flossing can effectively alleviate gingival inflammation and reduce oral malodor, possibly by depleting oral anaerobes and altering the oral microbiota to a more aerobic phenotype.

Clinical relevance
Water flossing adjunctive to toothbrushing effectively alleviated gingival inflammation, representing a promising oral hygiene practice to promote oral health.

Clinical trial registration

The trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=61797, #ChiCTR2000038508) on September 23, 2020.