bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of slotted patch antenna based on photonic crystal for wireless communication
Authors: Britto Elizabeth Caroline , Danasegaran Sathish Kumar , Johnson William 
Published: September 2023

SummaryNowadays, the wireless communication is improved in numerous ranges, and the use of the high speed of data rate in the communication systems is needed. The standing problem of high‐performance planar antenna is reduced by the recently developed artificial dielectric called photonic crystal, which is used to control and manipulate the optical property of light. This paper addresses the slotted tube antenna structure, and the investigation is done by the concept of triangular lattice structure based on the photonic crystal. This utility enhances the return loss of −57.81 dB and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.002 at 2.37 THz operating frequencies. The increase in hole radius provides the shifting in zero dispersion point towards the shorter wavelength that helps for faster data rate transmission applications. Further, to characterize the model of the proposed antenna, the optimal value of the air hole, lattice constant value between holes and the thickness of the slot are found and the related parameters of such antenna are studied with the support of simulation software CST microwave studio.
Association of physical activity with dementia and cognitive decline in UK Biobank
Authors: Huang Xiangyuan , Tan Chuen Seng , Kandiah Nagaendran , Hilal Saima 
Published: September 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThere is a lack of studies on the association between specific physical activity (PA) types and dementia. We examined the association of leisure time physical activity (LTPA), occupational physical activity (OPA), and sedentary lifestyle with dementia risk and cognitive decline using the UK‐Biobank study.METHODSBaseline PA was collected using questionnaires. A total of 502,481 dementia‐free participants were recruited in 2006–2010 and followed for 10 years until the end of 2020 for the ascertainment of dementia. Associations of PA with incident dementia and cognitive decline were examined.RESULTSHigher levels of LTPA and OPA and lower levels of sedentary hours were associated with lower dementia risk. The fifth quintiles of LTPA (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43‐0.67) and OPA (HR = 0.68, 95% CI:0.51‐0.90) had lower dementia risk, whereas the fifth quintile of sedentary lifestyle had higher dementia risk (HR = 1.23, 95% CI:1.08‐1.41).DISCUSSIONOur findings suggest the promotion of an active lifestyle suggested to be preventive of dementia risk. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under Application Number 71022.
Nine‐coordinated Eu3+ Dipicolinate Compounds: Different Crystal Structures and Luminescence Properties as a Function of pH
Authors: Mortensen Sabina Svava , Sørensen Thomas Just 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwo compounds, Na3[Eu(DPA)3] ⋅ 14H2O and [Eu(DPA)(HDPA)(H2O)2] ⋅ 4H2O, were created and the structure determined using single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The single crystal luminescence properties were compared and related to the Eu3+ coordination geometry. The formation of single crystals from solutions of Eu(CF3SO3)3 and H2DPA was found change with the pH value of the H2DPA solution. Mixtures of Na3[Eu(DPA)3] ⋅ 14H2O and [Eu(DPA)(HDPA)(H2O)2] ⋅ 4H2O were observed with a pH ratio between the two structures. While visual inspection showed that all samples contained both Na3[Eu(DPA)3] ⋅ 14H2O and [Eu(DPA)(HDPA)(H2O)2] ⋅ 4H2O, the PXRD and luminescence data did not immediately reveal that the samples were pure. Having discovered that the samples were indeed mixtures, quantification was attempted by Rietveld refinement of the PXRD data, and the luminescence spectra were compared to those from single crystals. As the data was not found to reveal that the samples were mixtures, even though we knew that this was the case, we must urge caution when inferring structure‐property relationships from powder samples. In this case we were able to isolate monophasic systems and do a comparative study, but this requires that the samples are identified as mixtures.
Formal Radical Deoxyfluorination of Oxalate‐Activated Alcohols Triggered by the Selectfluor‐DMAP Charge‐Transfer Complex
Authors: Baunis Haralds , Pieber Bartholomäus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a photon‐ and metal‐free approach for the radical fluorination of aliphatic oxalate‐activated alcohols. The method relies on the spontaneous generation of the N‐(chloromethyl)triethylenediamine radical dication, a potent single electron oxidant, from Selectfluor and 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine. The protocol is easily scalable and provides the desired fluorinated products within only a few minutes reaction time.
HECC‐ABE: A novel blockchain‐based IoT healthcare data storage using hybrid cryptography schemes with key optimization by hybrid meta‐heuristic algorithm
Authors: Dubey Anil Kumar , Ramanjaneyulu N. , Saraswat Mala , Brammya G. , Govindasamy Chinnaraj , Ninu Preetha N. S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe most contemporary development in information technology is the Internet of Things (IoT), which integrates the digital world with the real world. It makes it possible for things and people to communicate via the Internet. Blockchain is one of the popular topics of interest right now, and it can be used in most IoT applications. The blockchain's salient characteristics, like decentralization, data integrity, confidentiality, protection, and openness, are the main reasons for implementing it in healthcare services. Hence, this paper introduces an effective approach for storing IoT‐based healthcare data storage in the blockchain. The procedures in this suggested paradigm are as follows: user authentication, user trust verification, and optimal key storage in the blockchain. Wearable sensors are inserted in or adhered to a patient's body and used by IoT networks to gather healthcare data. These details are supplied into the verification structure constructed by adaptive dilated long short term memory with attention network (AD‐LSTM‐AN). Once the user's authentication is confirmed, then the user's trust level is computed. The same AD‐LSTM‐AN‐based verification structure is used to verify the historical data that has been stored and retrieved by the user, together with their previous transactions, in this phase. The healthcare data are then sent to the hybrid elliptic curve cryptography with attribute‐based encryption (HECC‐ABE) cryptography schemes for data encryption once the authentication of the person who attempts to store the data is confirmed. An adaptive final position‐based golden eagle‐Harris hawks optimization (AFP‐GEHHO) algorithm is used for optimizing the keys of the encrypted data. The blockchain platform stores the encrypted data of the authorized user with a high level of trust. The same process is done in reverse order whenever a user needs to recover information that is saved in the blockchain to retrieve the initially stored healthcare data. The effectiveness of secure data storage in blockchain is tested through experimental simulations. Throughout the analysis, the designed model achieves 96% in terms of accuracy. Thus, the developed model shows more secure and effective, has less error and reduces the time and memory requirements compared to existing approaches.
A novel approach to assessing natural resource injury with Bayesian networks
Authors: Rowland Freya E. , Kotalik Christopher J. , Marcot Bruce G. , Hinck Jo Ellen , Walters David M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Quantifying the effects of environmental stressors on natural resources is problematic because of complex interactions among environmental factors that influence endpoints of interest. This complexity, coupled with data limitations, propagates uncertainty that can make it difficult to causally associate specific environmental stressors with injury endpoints. The Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration (NRDAR) regulations under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act and Oil Pollution Act aim to restore natural resources injured by oil spills and hazardous substances released into the environment; exploration of alternative statistical methods to evaluate effects could help address NRDAR legal claims. Bayesian networks (BNs) are statistical tools that can be used to estimate the influence and interrelatedness of abiotic and biotic environmental variables on environmental endpoints of interest. We investigated the application of a BN for injury assessment using a hypothetical case study by simulating data of acid mine drainage (AMD) affecting a fictional stream-dwelling bird species. We compared the BN-generated probability estimates for injury with a more traditional approach using toxicity thresholds for water and sediment chemistry. Bayesian networks offered several distinct advantages over traditional approaches, including formalizing the use of expert knowledge, probabilistic estimates of injury using intermediate direct and indirect effects, and the incorporation of a more nuanced and ecologically relevant representation of effects. Given the potential that BNs have for natural resource injury assessment, more research and field-based application are needed to determine their efficacy in NRDAR. We expect the resulting methods will be of interest to many US federal, state, and tribal programs devoted to the evaluation, mitigation, remediation, and/or restoration of natural resources injured by releases or spills of contaminants. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:562–573. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Artificial optoelectronic synapse based on spatiotemporal irradiation to source‐sharing circuitry of synaptic phototransistors
Authors: Song Seungho , Choi Changsoon , Ahn Jongtae , Lee Je‐Jun , Jang Jisu , Yu Byoung‐Soo , Hong Jung Pyo , Ryu Yong‐Sang , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Hwang Do Kyung 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo overcome the intrinsic inefficiency of the von Neumann architecture, neuromorphic devices that perform analog vector–matrix multiplication have been highlighted for achieving power‐ and time‐efficient data processing. In particular, artificial synapses, of which conductance should be programmed to represent the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network, have been intensively researched to realize neuromorphic devices. Here, inspired by excitatory and inhibitory synapses, we develop an artificial optoelectronic synapse that shows both potentiation and depression characteristics triggered only by optical inputs. The design of the artificial optoelectronic synapse, in which excitatory and inhibitory synaptic phototransistors are serially connected, enables these characteristics by spatiotemporally irradiating the phototransistor channels with optical pulses. Furthermore, a negative synaptic weight can be realized without the need for electronic components such as comparators. With such attributes, the artificial optoelectronic synapse is demonstrated to classify three digits with a high recognition rate (98.3%) and perform image preprocessing via analog vector–matrix multiplication.image
An improved cuckoo search algorithm with deep learning approach for classifying arrhythmia based on ECG signal
Authors: Srinivas Dava , Bhuvaneshwarri I. , Ramesh G. P. , Bhukya Shankar Nayak , Poonguzhali I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArrhythmias are variations in the heartbeat rhythm that occur frequently in a human's life. These arrhythmias can result in potentially deadly consequences, putting one's life in danger. As a result, the detection and classification of arrhythmias is an important issue in cardiac diagnostics. Electrocardiogram is one of the easiest ways to diagnose the heart disease but the complexities occur due to the noise present in it. This research introduced an Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm (ICSA) which is utilized to optimize the features. Initially, the data is gathered from MIT‐BIH arrhythmia dataset and the pre‐processing is performed using Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) which removes the unwanted noises from the signals. The major limitation in standard cuckoo search algorithm is the increased number of iterations. Whenever the value of probability distribution and the convergence is small then the efficiency will be poor and enhance the number of iterations. The ICSA eliminate these drawbacks by fixing the values for probability distribution and convergence at the early stage and increase the integrity among the solutions. Thus, ICSA is utilized in the process of optimizing the features and finally, the classification is performed using Support Vector Machine with Feed Forward Back Propagation Neural Network (SVM‐FFBPNN). The experimental results s how that the proposed ICSA effectively optimize the features and offers better classification accuracy of 98.21% which is comparatively higher than Improved Monarch Butterfly Optimization (IMBO) algorithm and Bat‐Rider Optimization Algorithm (BROA) with 97.75% and 91.32% respectively.
Validation and evaluation of a prior‐to‐admission medication list discrepancy risk‐scoring tool
Authors: Fleenor L. Montana , McCluggage Lauren K. , Schell Ryan F. , VanCleave Halden Z. , Nelson Scott D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionMedication reconciliation is vital in preventing medication errors during transitions of care. Implementation of effective medication reconciliation, however, remains a challenge for healthcare systems due to cost and resource constraints. The objective of this study was to evaluate a risk‐scoring tool for identifying patients at high risk for medication discrepancies and, therefore, prioritize pharmacy intervention with obtaining an admission medication history.MethodsSingle‐center validation study at an academic medical center including adult patients with a medication history note written by a pharmacy staff member. The primary outcome was the number of changes made to the prior‐to‐admission (PTA) medication list by pharmacy staff. Secondary outcomes included changes in risk score after medication history was completed, the number of changes based on disease state and medication class, and the number of clinically relevant changes for a randomized subgroup of patients.ResultsThe study included 12 122 patient encounters. The median PTA risk score was 29 (low risk), and 41% of patients were aged 40–65 years. The median number of discrepancies was higher for the high‐risk group (6, interquartile range [IQR] 3–11) compared to the low‐risk group (3, IQR 1–7), p < 0.001. For the primary outcome, Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.37, indicating a weak correlation between the PTA risk score and the number of changes to the medication list. The linear regression also indicated a weak correlation (R2 = 0.14). Parkinsonism, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis were associated with a higher median count of medication discrepancies.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that this PTA medication risk‐scoring tool could help identify patients at high risk of medication discrepancies, but the score did not correlate well with the number of medication list changes. Therefore, subgroup analyses and further studies are needed to determine the optimal medication list risk‐scoring tools.
Estimating the cost of illness of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Shahinul , Islam Alin Md. Saiful , Begum Farhana , Fahim Shah Mohammad , Tasnim Zareen , Alam Md. Mahabubul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing concern, affecting about 45 million of the Bangladeshi population. There is a paucity of research on the economic burden of NAFLD. The study aims to estimate the cost of illness of NAFLD in Bangladesh.MethodsIn this prospective, cross‐sectional study, a total of 250 patients of NAFLD, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and NASH cirrhosis were included from public and private hospitals. Costs of hospitalization, physician fees, investigation costs, expenditures on medical procedures, drugs; and nonmedical costs such as transport expenses and other informal payments (tips) were estimated.ResultsThe overall cost per patient per evaluation was (16.90–46 942.00) USD. The cost in public and private hospitals was 384.76 and 1146.93 USD, respectively. The cost per patient of NAFLD was 157.91 (16.90–955.08) USD, and for NASH cirrhosis was 1783.80 (422.48–46 942) USD. The cost of illness increased to USD 281.18 for diabetics and 254.52 USD for hypertensive. If all the NAFLD patients are evaluated once in healthcare settings, the projected cost will be 7.11 billion USD. In NAFLD, cost for investigations, medicines, transportation, and consultation of physicians was 49.08%, 32.41%, 11.11%, and 6.67%, respectively.ConclusionsNAFLD is causing a huge economic burden to the healthcare system. The cost of illness is increased with NASH cirrhosis. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the economic burden of NAFLD in Bangladesh and emphasizes the several ways of intervention to reduce the cost by preventive measures and accessible healthcare for affected individuals.
New tools for theoretical comparison of rectangular and sine wave operation of ion traps, guides and mass filters
Authors: Huntley Adam P. , Reilly Peter T.A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe first completely digital quadrupole mass filter was recently introduced. There is now a need to understand and demonstrate the benefits of digital operation and compare them to the commercial standards. Our work to date has demonstrated that sine and square wave operation are very similar because of their similar stability diagrams and because they use a direct current (DC) potential between the electrode pairs to narrow and limit the mass range. In contrast, rectangular wave‐operated digital mass filters and ion traps narrow and limit the stable mass range with the waveform duty cycle without the need for a DC potential. To understand and compare the differences between rectangular and sinusoidal modes of operation, our group has developed new spreadsheet tools that permit calculation of the m/z versus frequency space stability diagrams with the application of a DC potential between the electrode sets for rectangular and sine waveforms, and plots of the pseudopotential well depth against the entire range of stable m/zs for rectangular and sine waveforms. Our spreadsheets were used to make comparisons between fixed‐frequency variable‐voltage and fixed‐voltage variable‐frequency modes of operation. They provide a comprehensive companion tool for operating in the laboratory frame and are tunable to the instrument. This manuscript introduces these tools as it compares sine and rectangular wave modes of operation and provides a basis for understanding the advantages and disadvantages of digital operation relative to conventional technology.
Synergistic interaction of Cu(II) with caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid in α‐glucosidase inhibition
Authors: Tang Lihua , Guan Qinhao , Zhang Liangliang , Xu Man , Zhang Meng , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhenolic acids are widespread in foods and are beneficial to human health. However, the role of metal ions in influencing the binding of proteins with phenolic acids that contain the same parent nucleus structure remains unclear. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CHA) on α‐glucosidase and the biological effect of copper on this process.RESULTSIt was found that the esterification of CA with quinic acid could increase the fluorescence quenching, conformational change, and inhibitory effect of CHA on α‐glucosidase. Copper ions reduced their fluorescence quenching and conformation‐changing ability by binding to the neighboring phenolic hydroxyl group but also increased their ability to alter secondary structure and to inhibit α‐glucosidase and in vitro anti‐glycation.CONCLUSIONOverall, this study shows that the binding of copper ions to the phenolic hydroxyl group adjacent to CA and CHA synergistically inhibited α‐glucosidase. The findings will offer a theoretical basis for investigating the properties of metal ions and phenolic acid in food chemistry and their potential applications in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Soil properties and anthropogenic influences control the distribution of soil organic carbon in grasslands of northern China
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Song Zhaoliang , Zhang Dongbo , Wu Yuntao , Van Zwieten Lukas , Sun Shaobo , Wang Wenying , Liu Hongyan , Wang Yidong , Wang Hailong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) in grasslands not only plays an important role in carbon cycle but also largely affects soil function and thus determines grasslands' productivity. However, the influence mechanism of different factors on SOC storage in grasslands of northern China remains unclear. Based on an extensive field investigation and multiple statistical approaches, we mapped SOC of the grassland in northern China, and explored their correlations with climatic factors, biological factors, human activity intensity (HAI), and soil physicochemical factors. The effects of these factors on SOC were also analyzed by structural equation model. The results showed that the SOC varied across the regions and was strongly correlated with soil chemical factors (i.e., soil total nitrogen [TN], amorphous Al, and amorphous Fe) and soil physical factors (i.e., clay, silt, and sand). HAI, which was mainly influenced by grazing, had a significant but negative impact on SOC. Different from previous studies, we found that climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation indirectly affected SOC by influencing biological factors such as vegetation coverage, vegetation height, Shannon–Weiner index, and species richness. The soil physicochemical properties and HAI were the dominant influencing factors for controlling SOC distribution in the grasslands of northern China. Our findings will further increase the understanding of the carbon cycle in grassland ecosystems, while providing important scientific references for temperate grassland ecosystem management.