bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic consumption and utilization at a large tertiary care level hospital in Uganda: A point prevalence survey
Authors: Kizito Mark , Owachi Darius , Lule Falisy , Jung Laura , Bazanye Vivian , Mugerwa Ibrahim , Nabadda Susan , Kabugo Charles 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Effective antimicrobial stewardship programs require data on antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and utilization (AMU) to guide interventions. However, such data is often scarce in low-resource settings. We describe the consumption and utilization of antibiotics at a large tertiary-level hospital in Uganda.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, we analyzed medicine delivery records for the period July 2021 to June 2022, accessed on 12/08/2022, to extract AMC data expressed as defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). We used the WHO point prevalence survey (PPS) to analyze AMU data with a systematic sampling of outpatient department (OPD) for a period between June and August 2022 and selected all inpatient department (IPD) patients admitted before 8:00 AM on 27/11/2022. AMU data was analyzed as the proportion of individual antibiotic prescriptions, indications for prescriptions, and compliance with the national treatment guidelines. Both AMC and AMU data were categorized by the WHO AWaRe (access, watch, and reserve) criteria.

Results
In the year 2021–2022, a total of 6.05 DID of antibiotics were consumed comprising 3.61 DID (59.6%) access, 2.44 DID (40.3%) watch, and 0.003 (0.1%) reserve antibiotics. The most consumed antibiotics comprised penicillin (1.61 DID, 26.7%), cephalosporins (1.51, 25%), and imidazole (1.10 DID, 18.1%).
A total of 119/211 (56%) patients in the OPD and 99/172 (57.5%) patients in the IPD were prescribed antibiotics. Of the 158 OPD antibiotic prescriptions, 73 (46.2%) were access, 72 (45.6%) were watch, 0 (0%) were reserve, and 13 (8.2%) were unclassified antibiotics. Of the 162 IPD antibiotic prescriptions, 62 (38.3%) were access, 88 (54.3%) were watch, 01 (0.6%) was reserve, and 11 (6.8%) were unclassified antibiotics. Indications for antibiotic prescriptions in the OPD comprised respiratory tract infections (53, 38.1%), urinary tract infections (34, 26.6%), gastrointestinal infections (20, 14.4%), sepsis (17, 12.2%), and medical prophylaxis (12, 8.7%). The indications for antibiotic prescriptions in the IPD comprised sepsis (28.2%), respiratory tract infections (18.3%), burn wounds (14.1%), and gastrointestinal infections (14.1%).

Conclusion
Prescription of watch antibiotics in both OPD and IPD hospital settings was high. Establishment of robust antimicrobial stewardship measures could help improve the rational prescription of antibiotics.
Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a single test rule out biomarker for acute kidney injury: A cross-sectional study in patients admitted to the emergency department
Authors: Wetterstrand Vicky Jenny Rebecka , Schultz Martin , Kallemose Thomas , Torre André , Larsen Jesper Juul , Friis-Hansen Lennart , Brandi Lisbet 
Published: January 2025

Objectives
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome with high mortality and morbidity in part due to delayed recognition based on changes in creatinine. A marker for AKI based on a single measurement is needed and therefore the performance of a single measurement of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL) to predict AKI in patients admitted to the emergency department was tested.

Methods
Samples from the Triage study which included 6005 consecutive adult patients admitted to the emergency department were tested for pNGAL. The optimal cutoff for pNGAL was determined by the AUC and compared to AKI based on creatinine using different estimations of the premorbid kidney function.

Results
In 4833 patients, two or more plasma creatinine (pCr) measurements were available allowing the detection of AKI. The highest prevalence of AKI (10%) was found when defining AKI as an increase in pCr ≥26.5 μmol/L from the prior year’s mean pCr. At these conditions the AUC for pNGAL to predict AKI was 85% giving an optimal cutoff of 142.5 ng/mL with a negative predictive value of 0.96, a positive predictive value of 0.35, a specificity of 0.87 and a sensitivity of 0.70.

Conclusion
The study illustrates that the value of a single measurement of pNGAL is primarily in excluding AKI whereas it`s poorer in predicting the presence of AKI. When diagnosing AKI with pCr the optimal baseline pCr level is the mean of available pCr (mb-pCr) measurements from up to a year prior to the current event.
Praxisbericht: Das Konzept des neuen Centers für Informations- und Medienkompetenz der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek
Authors: Werner Margot 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Der tiefgreifende Wandel in der Medienlandschaft stellt auch die Österreichische Nationalbibliothek vor die strategische Herausforderung der Transformation zur „Teaching Library“. Der digitale Umbruch macht es erforderlich, nicht nur Wissen bereitzustellen, sondern Leser*innen auch dabei zu unterstützen, dieses Wissen zu finden, ihnen Werkzeuge für ihren Weg durch den Mediendschungel in die Hand zu geben und Know-how für das Erkennen von seriösen Informationsquellen und die Nutzung neuer Technologien zu vermitteln. Diese strategische Neupositionierung neben ihrer Archivfunktion haben Bibliotheken weltweit zu bewältigen. Mit dieser Zielsetzung wurde 2022 das Center für Informations- und Medienkompetenz organisatorisch in der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek verankert. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden das Konzept und das Programm des Centers für Informations- und Medienkompetenz vorgestellt und über die Erfahrungen nach den ersten beiden Jahren des Betriebs berichtet.
Phytochemical investigation and evaluation of antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in aqueous extracts of Cedrus atlantica
Authors: Idrissi Amine Mounadi , Mahraz Mohamed Adil , Drioua Soufiane , Assouguem Amine , Ali Essam A. , Ibrahim Mohamed A. , Mehta Chandra Mohan , Lahlali Rachid , Tlemcani Sara , Moussaoui Fatima , En-nabety Ghizlan , Eloutassi Noureddine , Lahkimi Amal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem requiring innovative approaches for effective management. Natural compounds derived from medicinal plants offer promising avenues due to their diverse biological activities. The aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effects of Cedrus atlantica extracts on the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which play a crucial role in the regulation of postprandial glucose levels, as well as to investigate their phytochemical composition and antioxidant capabilities. Aqueous extract of bark (EA), aqueous extract of cones (CA), and aqueous extract of leaves (FA) of C. atlántica were prepared and evaluated for enzyme inhibition using acarbose as a standard. The CA extract showed potent α-amylase inhibition (IC50 307 ± 0.02 μg/mL) and remarkable α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 70 ± 0.04 μg/mL), outperforming the FA and EA extracts. Quantitative analysis revealed that EA and CA extracts had higher total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and tannin content than FA extract. Antioxidant assessments highlighted the outstanding performance of CA extract, with a low IC50 ABTS (30.65 ± 0.1 μg/mL) and an impressive EC50 FRAP (59.43 ± 1.19 μg/mL), outperforming FA extract. The results demonstrate the remarkable antidiabetic potential of C. atlantica extracts, particularly the CA extract, by inhibiting key enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion. These extracts possess various phytochemical compounds with significant antioxidant capacities, suggesting that they are suitable for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic applications. Further research to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds in CA extract could lead to new therapeutic strategies for managing diabetes and oxidative stress-related conditions.
Axial compression damage constitutive model and damage characteristics of fly ash/silica fume modified magnesium phosphate cement after being treated at different temperatures
Authors: Guo Boyu , Zhu Jincai , Meng Xiaokai , Cao Qi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The relationship between fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF)-modified magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) at varying temperatures remains unclear. In this study, the mechanical properties and damage characteristics of FA- and SF-modified MPC at 20–1,000°C were analysed through uniaxial compression tests. The results indicate that the compressive strength of MPC diminishes at varying temperatures, while FA and SF can enhance the compressive strength of MPC following exposure to high temperatures. In addition, with an increase in the temperature, the peak strain of MPC increased, and the deformation modulus first decreased and then increased. At 1,000°C, the deformation modulus of MPC was 5.09–10.92 GPa. The proposed damage constitutive model can predict the mechanical parameters of FA- and SF-modified MPC at different temperatures. The total damage variable reflects an “S-shaped” change trend under the action of axial compression loads. MPC exhibited irreversible initial temperature damage after being treated at different temperatures. More specifically, the temperature damage variable first increased and then decreased by increasing the temperature. At 600°C, the temperature damage variable exceeds 30% of the total damage variable associated with the peak strain, and at 1,000°C, it surpasses 10%.
Utilizing Modern Technology for the Preservation of Ancient Manuscripts and Rare Books: The Digitization Project at King Abdulaziz Complex for Endowment Libraries as a Model
Authors: Abdoh Esra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Preserving rare manuscripts through digitization has become an essential part of efforts to safeguard cultural heritage in the digital age. These fragile or deteriorating documents face the risk of damage and loss, and information technology provides an effective solution to protect these valuable resources for future generations. It not only helps preserve the originals, but also makes historical knowledge more accessible and flexible. This study adopted a descriptive and analytical approach to present the experience of the King Abdulaziz Complex for Endowment Libraries in digitizing manuscripts, rare books, and 3D-objects. The study relied on observations and field visits to the digitization lab at the King Abdulaziz Complex for Endowment Libraries. Most of these libraries contain a unique collection of manuscripts and rare documents of historical significance. The study resulted in many findings, the most notable of which is the completion of the digitization of 13,411 manuscripts, while 2,280 manuscripts still require conservation. The total number of digitized rare books is 7,644. This study demonstrates that digitization represents a modern and effective technical means for the preservation of ancient manuscripts and rare books, facilitating access and sharing, long-term preservation, and significantly contributing to the preservation of human cultural heritage.
Immunomodulatory effects of novel nano micelle based curcumin in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A double blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Khamar Faezeh , Atabaki Mahdi , Samadi Morteza , Reisi Marzieh , Sandoughi Mahnaz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a well-known systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease. This investigation aimed to assess the effects of Sina-curcumin, a novel nano micelle-based curcumin, on immune system responses of RA patients.

Methods
This pilot study is a randomized double blinded, controlled trial. Patients who fulfilled the European League against Rheumatism-American College of Rheumatology (EULAR-ACR) criteria for RA were assigned to receive curcumin or placebo for 12 weeks. The outcomes of this study were comparison of changes in mean value of Disease Activity Score of 28 joints erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), frequency of T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells population.

Results
From 150 RA patients who were assessed for eligibility, data from 30 patients (15 patients in each group) were analyzed. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age (P = 0.6441) and body mass index (BMI, P = 0.6016). Our measurement showed a statistically significant reduction in ESR (P < 0.0001), CRP (P < 0.0001) and a non-significant decrease in DAS28-ESR (P = 0.5125) in the curcumin group. Also, the Th1/Th2 ratio favorably decreased in the curcumin group. This finding was due to a significant increase in Th2 cells (P < 0.0001) and a nonsignificant decrease in Th1 cells (P = 0.1532).

Conclusion
Our trial findings revealed the immunomodulatory effects of curcumin. It could be used and recommended as adjunctive treatment for RA patients.
Alpha-synuclein inhibits the secretion of extracellular vesicles through disruptions in YKT6 lipidation
Authors: Tsunemi Taiji , Ishiguro Yuta , Yoroisaka Asako , Feng Dou , Shimada Tomoyo , Niiyama Shunichi , Sasazawa Yukiko , Ishikawa Keiichi , Akamatsu Wado , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: January 2025

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the presence of α-synuclein (α-syn) primarily containing Lewy bodies in neurons. Despite decades of extensive research on α-syn accumulation, its molecular mechanisms have remained largely unexplored. Recent studies by us and others have suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, can mediate the release of α-syn from cells, and inhibiting this pathway could result in increased intracellular α-syn levels. In this study, we have discovered that elevated levels of α-syn themselves lead to reduced α-syn -containing EVs in α-syn inducible H4 cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons from both sexes. Our investigations have revealed that the impairment in EV secretion is not due to their generation but rather a consequence of changes in a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein, YKT6. Specifically, as α-syn levels increase, membrane-associated YKT6 is reduced. Pharmacological inhibition of farnesylation using FTI has led to decreased EV secretion and subsequent elevated levels of α-syn. In summary, our findings suggest that increased levels of α-syn impair YKT6-mediated EV secretion, establishing a detrimental cycle of intracellular α-syn accumulation in human DA neurons.Significance StatementNeurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), are characterized by the pathological accumulation of insoluble proteins, primarily in neurons. Regulating intracellular levels of these proteins is critical. Despite extensive research for decades, the precise mechanism of these protein deposits remains unexplained. In this study, we discovered that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in regulating alpha-synuclein (a-syn) levels through release from neurons. Furthermore, increased levels of a-syn impede its EV secretion, creating a pathological loop. Elevated levels of a-syn interfere with the localization of YKT6, a SNARE protein, to the vesicle membrane by inhibiting YKT6 palmitoylation. These findings illustrate a novel mechanism of a-syn accumulation in neurons and provide a target to potentially mitigate PD pathology.
Improving Writing Skills of Santri Through English Training Program at Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Rozi Fahrur , Ikhsananto Aan , Nazira Ayesha Shifa , Sari Septiani Kartika , Oktafiani Elisa 
Published: January 2025

There are four aspects of English skills: reading skills, writing skills, listening skills, and speaking skills. Writing skills are often also called the art of writing because strategies must be made to get a good response from the readers. This community service aims to assist santri at Pondok Pesantren Putra Putri as Salafy Al Asror Patemon Gunungpati Semarang to improve their writing skills to prepare for employment through English Language Training. It is the right solution to help them learn how to write application letters, prepare for interviews, and develop strategies for answering interview questions in English. This training is accompanied by experienced English and Economics lecturers who create a positive and supportive environment and increase consistency in sharpening the santri' skills. This community service is implemented offline (outside the network) at Pondok Pesantren Putra Putri as Salafy Al Asror Patemon Gunungpati Semarang for one day. Santri can write application letter and have good interview skill in English. Then, the community service results a video and other documents. The expected output targets are publishing articles in journals and mass media publications.
Statistical tests in particle physics
Authors: Valenzuela Mississippi 
Published: January 2025

Particle physics emerged as a pioneer discipline in "big science"; experiments are being carried out in accelerators that are increasing in energy and complexity by the collaborations of thousands of physicists from hundreds of institutes in a few dozen countries. In "big science" a research methodology has been developed in which statistics is of great importance to interpret the results obtained from these experiments. Despite the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, which contributed to the success of the Standard Model and the award of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics. Based on these motivations, in the present work certain statistical tests based on the “likelihood” method are shown and are applied in high energy physics in the discovery of new phenomena, by making use of the construction of confidence intervals of the model parameters. We focus on properties of methods called statistical “proofs” that allow systematic uncertainties to be included. Also, we work with explicit formulas for the asymptotic distributions of the statistical tests. In addition, we will use a representative data set, called the “Asimov” data set, which provides a method for obtaining the experimental sensitivity of a search or measurement, as well as the fluctuations in that expectation.
Factores que influyen en la implementación de prácticas para la transformación digital en el sector público
Authors: Santisteban José , Serrano Quispe Pilar Gabriela 
Published: January 2025

Recientemente, las organizaciones públicas han enfrentado presiones por parte de líderes políticos y ciudadanos para llevar a cabo una transformación digital en la prestación de sus servicios. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estas iniciativas no han producido los resultados esperados en las entidades estatales. Esto se debe, en gran medida, a que no se aborda adecuadamente la planificación y navegación por el proceso de transformación digital. En consecuencia, urge identificar los factores que impactan en las prácticas para la adopción de la transformación digital y lograr así los resultados exitosos en el sector público del Estado peruano. En este estudio, se identificaron 7 factores y 10 prácticas clave para la transformación digital, así como 26 relaciones de influencia entre ellos (factor → práctica) que fueron validadas empíricamente a través de un estudio que incluyó la participación de 111 ejecutivos. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las 26 relaciones propuestas fueron calificadas como "Alta" o "Muy Alta" con un nivel de confianza del 95%, según la prueba de t-Student. Específicamente, la relación entre el factor “Compromiso y apoyo de la alta dirección” y la práctica “Toma de decisiones del Comité de dirección de TI” destacó como la relación con mayor influencia.
Trajetória Hipotética de Aprendizagem (THA) e a Prática Docente: Contribuições e Desafios
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Bochenek de , Rossetto Hallynnee Hellenn Pires , Melo Filho Raimundo Nonato de , Zivich Beatriz Silva 
Published: January 2025

A Trajetória Hipotética de Aprendizagem (THA) foi concebida pelo pesquisador americano Martin Simon em 1995. Este instrumento possibilita ao docente conjecturar e delinear com maior detalhamento o percurso de ensino para que a aprendizagem seja significativa. Com este trabalho, buscamos responder à seguinte questão: como o processo de reformulação da THA contribui para a prática docente? O estudo realizado foi fundamentado em dissertações e teses publicadas no Brasil. A coleta de dados baseou-se em um levantamento realizado na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2024, utilizando-se a delimitação do tema “Trajetória Hipotética de Aprendizagem”. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo e interpretativo, com base na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que a reformulação da THA pode ter um impacto significativo na prática docente, proporcionando aos professores uma estrutura flexível e adaptável para planejar, implementar e avaliar o ensino. O estudo destacou aspectos importantes para a prática docente, como a personalização do ensino, a identificação de lacunas de aprendizagem, o estabelecimento de metas realistas, a avaliação formativa e o desenvolvimento profissional docente, provocando reflexões e compartilhamento de estratégias eficazes para práticas de ensino.
Palavras-chave: Formação de Professores. Planejamento. Reflexão sobre a Prática. Ensino.
Abstract
The Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) was conceived by American researcher Martin Simon in 1995. This tool enables teachers to conjecture and outline the teaching process in greater detail to ensure meaningful learning. This study seeks to answer the following question: how does the process of reformulating the HLT contribute to teaching practice? The study was based on dissertations and theses published in Brazil. Data collection was conducted through a survey in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) in February and March 2024, using the keyword “Hypothetical Learning Trajectory”. The research is qualitative and interpretive in nature, based on content analysis. The results indicate that the reformulation of the HLT can have a significant impact on teaching practice, providing teachers with a flexible and adaptable framework for planning, implementing, and assessing instruction. The study highlighted important aspects of teaching practice, such as personalized instruction, identifying learning gaps, setting realistic goals, formative assessment, and professional development, fostering reflections and the sharing of effective teaching strategies.
Keywords: Teacher Education. Planning. Reflection on Practice. Teaching.