bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive fecaloma causing bilateral hydronephrosis and acute kidney injury: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: AlJardali Baraa , Nasrallah Oussama G. , Deeba Samer , El Hajj Albert 
Published: January 2025

Introduction and importance:
Postrenal acute kidney injury is caused by urinary outflow obstruction either by urethral obstruction or bilateral ureteral obstruction. Fecal impaction was rarely reported to cause hydronephrosis or acute kidney injury.

Case presentation:
A 76-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, severe constipation, and lethargy. CT scan showed a massive rectosigmoid fecaloma with changes consistent with stercoral colitis with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis due to the mass effect from the large fecaloma on the distal ureters. Creatinine had climbed to 1.7 mg/dL with electrolyte disturbances. On the sixth day of hospitalization the patient had perforation of the left colon requiring Hartmann’s procedure. The hydronephrosis resolved after surgery with complete recovery from acute kidney injury as creatinine went back to baseline of 0.46 mg/dL.

Clinical discussion:
The literature described a few cases of fecalomas causing hydronephrosis due to compression of the urinary tract. The presence of a urinary tract infection in the presence of ureteral obstruction poses a risk of developing obstructive pyelonephritis thereby requiring urgent treatment of the cause.

Conclusion:
Most fecalomas can be cleared using conservative measures. However, recognition of the need of surgical intervention in timely manner is paramount to avoid complications including acute kidney injury and bowel perforation
Fall Risk Assessment in Acute Rehabilitation: Comparison of Two Assessment Tools
Authors: Menard Heidi E. , Castro-Pearson Sandra , Dahle Nate , Edmonds Stephanie W. , Kozitza Brandy J. , Webb Johanna J. , Bryant Ruth A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Many fall risk assessment tools exist. However, few of these fall risk assessment tools have been tested in the acute rehabilitation setting. The purpose of our study was to compare the accuracy of the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model (HIIFRM) and Sunnyview Test Scale in predicting falls. We also identified factors associated with falls in the rehabilitation patient.

Design and Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted electronic health record data from two acute inpatient rehabilitation units and compared the predictive validity of the HIIFRM and the Sunnyview Test Scale.

Results
Our sample included 134 fallers and 1,667 nonfallers. The HIIFRM and the Sunnyview Test Scale had similar predictive performance with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of .62 and .60, respectively.

Conclusion
The HIIFRM and the Sunnyview Test Scale had poor performance (AUC < .70) predicting falls in this acute rehabilitation setting. Using a fall risk assessment tool alone does not consider unique risk factors and makes implementation of individualized prevention interventions challenging. Nurses need a framework to use individualized factors to determine high fall risk. Further research is needed to clarify variables specific to the inpatient rehabilitation population.

Clinical Relevance
Current fall risk assessment tools are inadequate in the inpatient rehabilitation setting; an individualized fall prevention plan is recommended to ensure patient safety.
Mettl15-Mettl17 modulates the transition from early to late pre-mitoribosome
Authors: Zgadzay Yury , Mirabello Claudio , Wanes George , Pánek Tomáš , Chauhan Prashant , Nystedt Björn , Zíková Alena , Whitford Paul C. , Gahura Ondřej , Amunts Alexey 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe assembly of the mitoribosomal small subunit involves folding and modification of rRNA, and its association with mitoribosomal proteins. This process is assisted by a dynamic network of assembly factors. Conserved methyltransferases Mettl15 and Mettl17 act on the solvent-exposed surface of rRNA. Binding of Mettl17 is associated with the early assembly stage, whereas Mettl15 is involved in the late stage, but the mechanism of transition between the two was unclear. Here, we integrate structural data fromTrypanosoma bruceiwith mammalian homologs and molecular dynamics simulations. We reveal how the interplay of Mettl15 and Mettl17 in intermediate steps links the distinct stages of small subunit assembly. The analysis suggests a model wherein Mettl17 acts as a platform for Mettl15 recruitment. Subsequent release of Mettl17 allows a conformational change of Mettl15 for substrate recognition. Upon methylation, Mettl15 adopts a loosely bound state which ultimately leads to its replacement by initiation factors, concluding the assembly. Together, our results indicate that assembly factors Mettl15 and Mettl17 cooperate to regulate the biogenesis process, and present a structural data resource for understanding molecular adaptations of assembly factors in mitoribosome.
Rewilded Highland Cattle in conservation grazing may not groom more when horseflies are present and temperature is higher
Authors: Kim Jinhwi , Korner Pius , Amrhein Valentin , Lovasz Lilla 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGrooming behavior in domestic cattle serves various functions, including hygiene maintenance, social bonding, and stress alleviation. We examined the grooming patterns of rewilded Highland cattle, to describe their behavioral adaptations and responses to environmental factors in a conservation grazing system. We observed 21 Highland cattle in a French nature reserve from November 2020 to September 2021 using mixed focal and scan sampling methods, recording a total of 1225 grooming bouts. Grooming primarily consisted of self-grooming (83%), followed by tree-grooming (16%), and social-grooming (1%). The average grooming duration per bout was 48.2 seconds per 15-minute interval, indicating a stable and consistent grooming pattern across all observed cattle. We used linear and generalized mixed effect models to assess the effects of environmental factors such as the presence of horseflies, the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI), and habitat type. Our results showed that grooming behavior was influenced by habitat and group, while environmental stressors had only minor effects on grooming duration and frequency. This limited response may be attributed to the relatively low density of horseflies in our study area and the opportunity of adaptive behaviors, such as wallowing, to manage heat and ectoparasites. By examining grooming behavior under near-natural conditions, this study provides a baseline for understanding behavioral patterns and adaptations in rewilded cattle, while also serving as a potential reference for identifying behavioral changes in domestic cattle and informing future management practices.
Variations in iron profile among dialysis adherent chronic kidney disease patients and compare with the non-adherence chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Ogolla Collince Odiwuor , Karani Lucy W. , Musyoki Stanslaus 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) constitutes one of the most important global health challenges and iron deficiency (ID) anemia are both frequent complications, especially in patients on dialysis. Dialysis treatment is an important aspect of addressing these complications, yet the treatment adherence rate is low in CKD patients and the association between dialysis adherence and differences in iron profiles among CKD patients is unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess differences in iron profile in dialysis-adherent and non-adherent chronic kidney disease subjects and analyze the profiles between both groups.MethodsOne hundred twenty patients undergoing hemodialysis were included in this cross-sectional study, divided into two groups based on two subcategories of dialysis adherence-adherent (n=60) and nonadherent (n=60). The parameters of iron profile-also defined as serum ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), hemoglobin, and serum iron-were studied. Further, multivariate regression analysis was carried out, adjusting possible confounders such as age, sex, diabetes, and duration of dialysis. Results: Serum ferritin was significantly higher among patients in the adherent group when compared with those in the non-adherent group (235.6 120.2 ng/mL vs. 185.2 105.3 ng/mL; p=0.03), TSAT (33.4 9.3% vs. 28.8 10.2%; p=0.02), and hemoglobin level (11.5 1.8 g/dL vs. 10.2 2.1 g/dL; p=0.04). That is, non-adherence to the therapy was associated with a significantly higher number of patients having iron deficiency anemia (63% in non-adherent vs. 40% in adherent patients; p=0.01). Multivariate analysis confirmed that dialysis adherence was independently associated with better iron status (p<0.05 for all parameters).ConclusionIn hemodialysis patients, adherence to dialysis presents as a strong predictor of better iron profile. More “iron parameters” were better and showed a decreased reliance on iron deficiency anemia for adherents. Such improvement, however, may significantly reduce anemia-associated complications through strategies that improve adherence to dialysis treatment by optimizing iron metabolism among chronic kidney disease patients.What this study addsThis study demonstrates a significant relationship between adherence to dialysis and improved iron profiles, showing that a chronic kidney disease patient who is adherent has a better iron status and a reduced rate of having iron deficiency anemia compared with an individual who is nonadherent.
Chromatin Changes Associated with Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation in Whole Blood Reflect Complex Immune Signaling
Authors: Cayford Justin , Atteberry Brandi , Singh-Taylor Akanksha , Retter Andrew , Berman Benjamin P. , Kelly Theresa K 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophils are key players in innate immunity, forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to defend against infections. However, excess NET formation is implicated in inflammatory conditions such as sepsis and immunothrombosis. Studying NET formation in isolated neutrophils provides important mechanistic insights but does not reflect the complexity of immune interactions in whole blood, limiting our understanding of neutrophil responses.MethodsThis study investigates chromatin accessibility changes using Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-Seq) during phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced NET formation in whole blood. We compared chromatin accessibility patterns in neutrophils following PMA treatment in isolation and whole blood to assess the impact of other immune cells and signaling environment.ResultsWhole blood PMA stimulation elicited consistent chromatin accessibility changes across donors, demonstrating organized chromatin decondensation during NET formation. The chromatin response was characterized by increased accessibility in genomic regions enriched for immune-specific pathways, highlighting the role of immune cell interactions in NET formation. Differentially accessible regions (DARs) present following PMA induction in whole blood and isolated neutrophils showed greater association with NET-related and inflammatory transcription factors, while DARs specific to isolated neutrophils showed fewer relevant motifs. Pathway analysis indicated that whole blood responses involved more robust activation of immune-specific pathways, such as interleukin and cytokine signaling, compared to isolated neutrophils.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the importance of studying NET formation within a whole blood environment to capture the complexity of neutrophil responses and immune cell interactions. This understanding is crucial for identifying effective therapeutic targets in NET-associated inflammatory diseases.
Humidity-driven ABA depletion determines plant-pathogen competition for leaf water
Authors: Yasuda Shigetaka , Shinozawa Akihisa , Hirase Taishi , Weng Yuanjie , Ishizaki Haruka , Suzuki Ryuji , Ueda Shioriko , Sk Rahul , Yotsui Izumi , Toyota Masatsugu , Okamoto Masanori , Saijo Yusuke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBacterial phytopathogens, such asPseudomonas syringaepv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, induce water-soaked lesions in the leaf apoplast under high humidity, facilitating infection. However, it remains largely unclear how plants regulate their resistance to restrict bacterial infection in response to humidity. Here, we demonstrate that abscisic acid (ABA)-catabolizing ABA 8’-hydroxylase, encoded byCYP707A3, plays a critical role in this resistance inArabidopsis thaliana. Elevated humidity inducesCYP707A3expression, which is essential for reducing ABA levels and promoting stomatal opening, thereby limiting bacterial water-soaking and infection following leaf invasion. High humidity also increases cytosolic Ca2+levels via the Ca2+channels CNGC2 and CNGC4, with partial involvement from CNGC9, activating the calmodulin-binding transcription activator CAMTA3 to driveCYP707A3induction. However,PstDC3000 counteracts this defense response using type III secretion effectors, particularly AvrPtoB, facilitating water-soaking. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the competition between plants and bacteria for leaf water under elevated humidity.
Repeated intraperitoneal administration of the GABABreceptor agonist baclofen reduces body weight in the mouse
Authors: Ebenezer Ivor S 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChronic intraperitoneal (ip) administration of the GABABreceptor agonist baclofen has been shown to reduce body weight in rats without significantly affecting daily food intake. The present study was undertaken to extend these observations to another rodent species. Male C57B/10 mice (n=27) that had free access to food and water were injected once daily for 15 days with either saline or baclofen (4 or 8 mg / kg; i.p). Body weight and food intake were measured 24h after each injection. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that the 4 mg / kg dose of baclofen significantly reduced body weight gain in the mice during the first 5 days while the 8 mg / kg dose reduced body weight gain throughout the 15 days of the study when compared with saline control animals (F(2,21)=4.88, P<0.02). Baclofen (4 or 8 mg / kg) generally had no significant effects on daily 24h food intake except on days 1 and 2 when the 8 mg / kg dose produced small but significant decreases in food intake (P<0.05) that were probably due to the initial depressant effects of the drug on behaviour. The results of this study extend previous findings in rat to another rodent species and show that systemic administration of the GABABreceptor agonist baclofen reduces body weight gain in the mouse without affecting daily food intake. These results lend further support to the hypothesis that GABABreceptor agonists decreases body weight by increasing metabolic rate.
Hypoxia-Mediated Molecular Interactions of Tissue-Specific Mesenchymal Stem Cells Drive Metabolic Reprogramming and Immunomodulation in Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Mendiratta Mohini , Mendiratta Meenakshi , Malhotra Lakshay , Rai Sandeep , Sarangathem Vijaya , Dahiya Prince , Gupta Ritu , Bakhshi Sameer , Dadhwal Vatsla , Pushpam Deepam , Aggarwal Mukul , Gupta Aditya Kumar , Malik Prabhat Singh , Pramanik Raja , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Seth Tulika , Dhawan Rishi , Bandyopadhyay Sabyasachi , Hariprasad GuruRao , Nayak Baibaswata , Singh Thoudam Debraj , Kumar Sachin , Mir Riyaz Ahmed , Sharawat Surender Kumar , Prakash Hridayesh , Mohanty Sujata , Sahoo Ranjit Kumar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mediate immunomodulation through various mechanisms, including apoptosis, efferocytosis, and mitochondrial transfer. Our study investigates the impact of hypoxia preconditioning on the immune metabolic reprogramming and immunomodulatory potential of MSCs in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Additionally, we explored the differential immunomodulatory effects of tissue-specific MSCs, specifically bone marrow (BM) and Wharton’s Jelly (WJ), and elucidated the mechanisms underlying variability in their therapeutic efficacy.MethodsMSCs were isolated from BM and WJ and subjected to hypoxia preconditioning. Their immunometabolic programming potential was assessed by evaluating T-cell proliferation, regulatory T-cell (Treg) induction, effector T-cell differentiation toward Th2, Th9 phenotypes, and macrophage polarization, T-cell bioenergetics in the direct co-culture systems.ResultsWJ-MSCsHYPexhibited superior immunomodulatory properties compared to BM-MSCsHYP, by inhibiting T-cell proliferation, enhancing Treg induction, and promoting anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. WJ-MSCsHYPdemonstrated enhanced mitochondrial transfer to T-cell, improving mitochondrial health, reducing ROS, and promoting oxidative phosphorylation, leading to immune homeostasis. Unlike BM-MSCs, WJ-MSCs exhibited higher rates of apoptosis, which facilitated immune modulation through mechanisms independent of efferocytosis.ConclusionOur findings highlight that WJ-MSCsHYPis a superior candidate for aGVHD by utilizing apoptosis, mitochondrial transfer, and metabolic reprogramming to achieve immune regulation.
Tracking changes in stability of North Sea Atlantic cod in 40 years
Authors: Tao Hsiao-Hang , Hsieh Chih-hao , Hidalgo Manuel , Dakos Vasilis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTracking changes in the stability of low-abundance populations is vital for conservation. While the stability of natural populations is often assessed based on linear dynamics, many exhibit state-dependent dynamics, such as the iconic Atlantic cod in the North Sea (Gadus morhua). This fish population experienced an abrupt decline in the year 2000 and has not shown a clear sign of recovery despite relaxed fishing pressure. To understand the mechanisms behind the recovery dynamics, we used a dynamical systems approach to reconstruct the state space of the population from yearly abundance data of age groups between 1982-2021. Specifically, we estimated yearly interaction matrices of age groups and derived yearly population stability, defined as the rate of recovery to or departure from the current state after a small perturbation to the matrix. We found that since the abrupt decline in abundance of North Sea cod in the year 2000, the population continued to fluctuate closer to the transition threshold; some age groups experienced weaker self-regulation; and age-1 group became more sensitive to perturbations than older groups. These results provide important information on North Sea cod’s resilience and capacity to buffer natural and anthropogenic impacts.
Serial intravital microscopy reveals temporal dynamics of autoreactive germinal centers in the spleen
Authors: Pohl Layla , Wittenborn Thomas R. , Shahrokhtash Ali , Kastberg Kristian S. , Fahlquist-Hagert Cecilia , Jensen Lisbeth , Sardella Donato , Pulfer Alain , Sutherland Duncan , Gonzalez Santiago F. , Schiessl Ina Maria , Degn Søren E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe spleen plays a key role in clearing blood-borne infections and is involved in autoimmune and hematological disorders. It undergoes extensive remodeling during inflammation and immune reactions, but its localization in the peritoneal cavity has hampered studies of these dynamic changes. Here, we establish and validate a protocol for serial 2-photon microscopy of the murine spleen to capture dynamic processes in the living animal. As a proof-of-principle, we elucidate the expansion and contraction of autoreactive germinal centers (GCs) induced by epicutaneous application of the small-molecule TLR7 agonist resiquimod (R848). Leveraging a biocompatible abdominal imaging window, intravital labeling techniques, and fluorescent reporters, we follow GCs up to 180 µm below the capsule for more than 2 weeks by tracking follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks. This was accomplished without appreciable perturbation of normal physiology, paving the way for a deeper understanding of the biology of the spleen and its associated disease states.HighlightAn abdominal imaging window allowing the study of dynamic processes in the spleen of live mice over the course of several weeks.
DTPPI: predicting drug interactions using a weighted drug-protein network
Authors: Szydlik Szymon , Taheri Golnaz 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolypharmacy, the practice of using multiple drugs to treat complex diseases, poses a significant risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which can lead to unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and toxicity. Identifying and understanding these DDIs is crucial to ensuring the safety of polypharmacy. Traditional laboratory-based methods for detecting DDI are costly and time consuming, prompting the development of computational approaches. However, many of these methods face limitations, mainly the lack of utilization of biological networks to model drug mechanics. Such an approach could lead to a new technique with better and more accurate DDI predictions. In response to these challenges, we propose the DTPPI network, a novel machine learning approach that leverages a drug-target-protein-protein interaction network to improve DDI prediction. By extracting topological features and combining them with biological drug features, the DTPPI method enhances the performance of a multilayer perceptron model. The evaluation results showed an AUC of 0.64 for topological characteristics alone, 0.89 for biological characteristics, and 0.91 for combined features, demonstrating that integrating topological and biological data significantly improves the prediction accuracy of DDI. Materials and implementations are available at:https://github.com/Golnazthr/DTPPIHighlightsConstructs a weighted graph network to model interactions among drugs, proteins, and targets, applicable to all drug types.Extracts six universal topological features from the graph, independent of chemical structure.Enhances DDI prediction by using topological features alone or alongside traditional drug features.Incorporates an MLP model for superior predictive accuracy using combined features.