bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune cell profiling of vaginal blood from patients with early pregnancy bleeding
Authors: Guterstam Ylva Crona , Acharya Ganesh , Schott Katharina , Björkström Niklas K. , Gidlöf Sebastian , Ivarsson Martin A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProblemVaginal bleeding during early pregnancy is estimated to occur in 20% of all pregnancies and it is often difficult to predict who will ultimately miscarry. The role of immune cells in early pregnancy loss is poorly understood.Method of StudyIn this prospective cohort study, 28 pregnant women presenting with first‐trimester vaginal bleeding donated vaginal blood, peripheral venous blood, and saliva during their initial emergency room visit, and at a follow‐up. The composition, frequency, and phenotype of immune cells in the vaginal blood were determined using flow cytometry. The proteome of serum and saliva was analyzed with OLINK proximity extension assay and correlated to vaginal immune cell phenotype and outcome of pregnancy. The course and outcome of pregnancies were followed and recorded.ResultsVaginal blood contained all main immune cell lineages including B cells, NK cells, T cells, and monocytes/macrophages. Notably, vaginal blood immune cells expressed tissue residency markers including CD49a. Women who subsequently miscarried had a higher frequency of vaginal blood CD49a+ NK cells compared to those who did not miscarry, and this correlated with serum levels of granzyme A and H, as well as CSF1, CAIX, and TWEAK. Women in the miscarriage group also had a higher frequency of peripheral blood T cells expressing CD49a.ConclusionsOur study provides novel insight into human reproductive immunology in relation to miscarriage. Tissue‐resident NK cells in vaginal blood alone or in combination with serological biomarkers hold potential as prognostic factors in the prediction of pregnancy outcome in women with early pregnancy bleedings.
‘When they were taken it is like grieving’: Understanding and responding to the emotional impact of repeat care proceedings on fathers
Authors: Philip Georgia , Youansamouth Lindsay , Broadhurst Karen , Clifton John , Bedston Stuart , Hu Yang , Brandon Marian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere is growing recognition, in the UK and internationally, of the huge costs of recurrent appearances of parents in local authority care proceedings. This paper contributes to pressing policy and practice concerns to reduce recurrence. It presents qualitative longitudinal data from the first study of fathers' experiences of recurrent care proceedings in England. Demonstrating the emotional impact of repeat proceedings and successive loss of children on fathers, in terms of grief, loss and shame, we highlight the trauma and abuse in their developmental histories. We consider complex connections between anger and shame for these fathers, including within the arena of family justice. With the use of literature on complex trauma, shame and parental disengagement, we explore ideas for re‐framing fathers', and professionals', resistance to engagement and for better understanding fathers' intense emotions. We suggest that the link between shame and complex trauma and the value of shame reducing, dignity promoting practice in response provide a valuable way forward for working with fathers. As is recognized to be the case for mothers, without holistic, empathic interventions to address the vulnerabilities of such fathers, the risks for children, mothers and fathers are unlikely to reduce.
Anakinra versus etoposide‐based therapy added to high‐dose steroids for the treatment of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Lee Benjamin J. , Cao Yen , Vittayawacharin Pongthep , É'Leima Ghaydá , Rezk Sherif , Reid Jack , Brem Elizabeth A. , Ciurea Stefan O. , Kongtim Piyanuch 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare life‐threatening, hyperinflammatory syndrome usually treated with high‐dose steroids (HDS), often complemented with adjunct therapies, such as etoposide (HLH‐94 protocol). Anakinra has been reported to effectively treat HLH; however, has not been comparatively examined with etoposide‐based therapies. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and durability of these treatment approaches.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all adult patients diagnosed with secondary HLH between January 2011 and November 2022 who received anakinra and HDS, the HLH‐94 protocol, HDS alone, or supportive care.ResultsThirty adult patients with secondary HLH were included. Cumulative incidence (CI) of response at 30 days was 83.3%, 60%, and 36.4% for patients treated with anakinra, the HLH‐94 protocol, and HDS alone, respectively. CI of relapse at 1 year was 50%, 33.3%, and 0% with the HLH‐94 protocol, HDS, and anakinra and HDS, respectively. Overall survival at 1 year was higher with anakinra and HDS compared to the HLH‐94 protocol, yet was not statistically significant (77.8% vs. 33.3%; hazard ratio: 0.29; p = .25).ConclusionTreatment with anakinra and HDS in adults with secondary HLH was associated with higher response rates with longer survival compared with alternative therapies and should be further investigated in this setting.
Comparing end‐of‐life care of hematologic malignancy versus solid tumor patients in a tertiary care center
Authors: Burstein Rachel , Aviv Ariel , Even‐Zohar Noa Gross , Nachmias Boaz , Haran Arnon , Braun Michal , Rottenberg Yakir , Shaulov Adir 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo compare end‐of‐life (EOL) care for solid tumor and hematologic malignancy (HM) patients.MethodsWe collected data on the last 100 consecutive deceased HM and 100 consecutive deceased solid tumor patients who died prior to June 1st 2020, treated at a single center. We compared demographic parameters, cause of death as ascertained by review of medical records by two independent investigators, and EOL quality indicators including: place of death, use of chemotherapy or targeted/biologic treatment, emergency department visits as well as hospital, inpatient hospice and Intensive Care Unit admissions and the time spent as inpatient over the last 30 days of life; mechanical ventilation and use of blood products during the last 14 days of life.ResultsIn comparison with solid tumor patients, HM patients more commonly died from treatment complications (13% vs. 1%) and unrelated causes (16% vs. 2%, p < .001 for all comparisons). HM patients died more frequently than solid tumor patients in the intensive care unit (14% vs. 7%) and the emergency department (9% vs. 0%) and less frequently in hospice (9% vs. 15%, p = .005 for all comparisons). In the 2 weeks prior to death HM patients were more likely than solid tumor patients to undergo mechanical ventilation (14% vs. 4%, p = .013), receive blood (47% vs. 27%, p = .003) and platelet transfusions (32% vs. 7%, p < .001); however, no statistical difference was found in use of either of chemotherapy (18% vs. 13%, p = .28) or targeted treatment (10% vs. 5%, p = .16).ConclusionsHM patients were more likely than solid tumor patients to undergo aggressive measures at EOL. Rarity of HM deaths, frequently caused by complications of treatment and unrelated causes, may affect treatment choices at EOL.
N400 event‐related brain potential index of semantic processing and two‐year clinical outcomes in persons at high risk for psychosis: A longitudinal study
Authors: Lepock Jennifer R. , Sanches Marcos , Ahmed Sarah , Gerritsen Cory J. , Korostil Michele , Mizrahi Romina , Kiang Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe N400 event‐related brain potential (ERP) semantic priming effect reflects greater activation of contextually related versus unrelated concepts in long‐term semantic memory. Deficits in this measure have been found in persons with schizophrenia and those at clinical high risk (CHR) for this disorder. In CHR patients, we previously found that these deficits predict poorer social functional outcomes after 1 year. In the present study, we tested whether these deficits predicted greater psychosis‐spectrum symptom severity and functional impairment over 2 years. We measured N400 semantic priming effects at baseline in CHR patients (n = 47) who viewed prime words each followed by a related/unrelated target word at stimulus‐onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 300 or 750 ms. We measured psychosis‐spectrum symptoms using the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms and role and social functioning with the Global Functioning: Role and Social scales, at baseline, 1 (n = 29) and 2 years (n = 25). There was a significant interaction between the N400 semantic priming effect at the 300‐ms SOA and time on GF:Role scores, indicating that, contrary to expectations, smaller baseline N400 semantic priming effects were associated with more improvement in role functioning from baseline to Year 1, but baseline N400 priming effects did not predict role functioning at Year 2. N400 priming effects were not significantly associated with different trajectories in psychosis‐spectrum symptoms or social functioning. Thus, CHR patients' N400 semantic priming effects did not predict clinical outcomes over 2 years, suggesting that this ERP measure may have greater value as a state or short‐term prognostic neurophysiological biomarker.
Plant chemical traits define functional and phylogenetic axes of plant biodiversity
Authors: Furey George N. , Tilman David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo determine which types of plant traits might better explain ecosystem functioning and plant evolutionary histories, we compiled 42 traits for each of 15 perennial species in a biodiversity experiment. We used every possible combination of three traits to cluster species. Across these 11,480 combinations, clusters generated using tissue %Ca, %N and %K best mapped onto phylogeny. Moreover, for the 15 best combinations of three traits, 82% of traits were chemical, 16% morphological and 2% metabolic. The diversity‐dependence of ecosystem productivity was better explained by the %Ca, %N and %K clusters: compared to adding a new species at random, adding a species from an absent cluster/clade better‐explained gains in productivity. Species number impacted productivity only when all clusters were present. Our results suggest that tissue elemental chemistry might be more phylogenetically conserved and more strongly related to ecosystem functioning than commonly measured morphological and physiological traits, a possibility that merits exploration.
The immune function of dermal fibroblasts in skin defence against pathogens
Authors: Wang Jianing , Duan Zhimin , Chen Xu , Li Min 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDermal fibroblasts are the main resident cells of the dermis. They have several significant functions related to wound healing, extracellular matrix production and hair cycling. Dermal fibroblasts can also act as sentinels in defence against infection. They express pattern recognition receptors such as toll‐like receptors to sense pathogen components, followed by the synthesis of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (including IL‐6, IFN‐β and TNF‐α), chemokines (such as IL‐8 and CXCL1) and antimicrobial peptides. Dermal fibroblasts also secrete other molecules‐like growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases to benefit tissue repair from infection. Crosstalk between dermal fibroblasts and immune cells may amplify the immune response against infection. Moreover, the transition of a certain adipogenic fibroblasts to adipocytes protects skin from bacterial infection. Together, we discuss the role of dermal fibroblasts in the war against pathogens in this review. Dermal fibroblasts have important immune functions in anti‐infection immunity, which should not be overlooked.
Mothers' work conditions, income, and parenting of young children
Authors: Sattler Kierra M. P. , Prickett Kate C. , Crosnoe Robert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we investigated the interplay of positive work conditions with parenting behaviors across children's first 4 years.BackgroundMost mothers in the United States are employed in paid work during their children's early years. Research typically has focused on the ways that such employment can conflict with the intensive demands of parenting, but it can also help mothers socially and psychologically during this important period of children's development.MethodIntegrating federal survey data on occupational conditions with parenting reports of job flexibility and parenting behaviors from 5,250 mothers in the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Birth Cohort, we estimated how work conditions were associated with stimulating and sensitive parenting and whether these associations were stronger for mothers with lower income.ResultsResults of autoregressive modeling demonstrated that job flexibility, opportunities for mastery, and opportunities for connection were positively associated with a composite measure of stimulating and sensitive parenting. Significant interactions indicated that many associations were more pronounced for mothers with lower income.ConclusionOur results build upon prior work, demonstrating that positive work conditions can support parenting during early childhood and that this is especially true for low‐income households.ImplicationsThese results bridge the work–family and parenting literatures with important policy implications, such as adopting family‐friendly policies within companies.
Can the measurement of Locomo Age improve motivation for exercise in fitness club users?
Authors: Hisamoto Kazufumi , Okubo Naoki , Fukushima Hideki , Yamanaka Takashi , Okizuka Yoshinori , Matsui Tomoyuki , Shinjo Hironari , Morihara Toru , Takahashi Kenji 
Published: June 2023

AimIn 2022, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association developed “Locomo Age,” which can be used to measure mobility. The potential effects of measuring Locomo Age on motivation to exercise are yet to be explored. This study aimed to determine whether the measurement of Locomo Age improved motivation for exercise.MethodsIn total, 90 fitness club users (17 men and 73 women) were enrolled in the study. The participants performed the locomotive syndrome risk test. These results were entered on a smartphone website, and their Locomo Age was automatically calculated. Questionnaires about impressions of Locomo Age and changes in motivation for exercise after measuring Locomo Age were surveyed.ResultsThe mean Locomo Age of the participants was 84.4 ± 8.5 years, which was significantly higher than their actual age (75.9 ± 7.2 years, P < 0.001). Questionnaires showed that 55 participants (61.1%) felt that their Locomo Age was higher than expected; 42 participants (46.7%) had increased motivation for exercise, and only two participants (2.2%) had decreased motivation. The rate of improvement in motivation for exercise was higher in the group of participants who reported having an older Locomo Age than they expected compared with that of the group with a Locomo Age that was the same as they expected (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe measurement of Locomo Age improved the motivation for exercise. This result remained true even when the Locomo Age was higher than expected, as it did not decrease the participants' motivation. Locomo Age allows for the comprehension of participants' mobility without medical knowledge. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 589–594.
Injecting a ventricular tachycardia into the heart—Α unique case report
Authors: Kanoupakis Emmanuel M. , Plevritaki Anthoula , Koutalas Emmanuel P. , Lazopoulos George L. , Patrianakos Alexandros P. , Foukarakis Εmmanuel , Lempidakis Dimitriοs , Kalogerakos Paris Dimitrios , Koutentakis Dimitrios , Kochiadakis George E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionA 52‐year‐old woman presented with a complex ventricular arrhythmia in an intraoperative context, during kyphoplasty for an osteoporotic fracture of a lumbar vertebra. The subject showed no indications of a previous cardiovascular condition.Methods and ResultsCauses of arrhythmias associated with the procedure were excluded. Due to her positive family history for dilated cardiomyopathy, upcoming thoughts were made for unmasking a previous asymptomatic cardiomyopathy. Nevertheless, an intracardiac cement embolism was diagnosed and, finally, the patient underwent an open‐heart surgery with successful removal of the cardiac cement. Νo new arrhythmia recorded during follow up.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ventricular arrhythmogenic presentation of a cardiac cement embolus after a KP procedure.
Is Oppositional Behaviour in European Union Affairs Gendered? Evidence from Plenary Debates and Committee Deliberations in Four Legislatures
Authors: Karlsson Christer , Mårtensson Moa , Persson Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIs oppositional behaviour in legislatures gendered? Despite a growing literature on gender and legislative behaviour, there is a conspicuous absence of research on differences between female and male members of parliament (MPs) when it comes to one of the key aspects of parliamentary debates: the voicing of opposition. This article connects the literature on gender and legislative behaviour with opposition scholarship. We examine the role of gender for oppositional behaviour in four legislatures with a focus on debates concerning European Union affairs. Our results show that female MPs generally are equally likely to express opposition as their male colleagues. This result, however, is conditioned by government status. Whilst there is no significant difference between the proportion of opposition expressed by female and male MPs from opposition parties, we find that male MPs representing government parties express more than twice as much opposition as their female colleagues.
Sovereign debt assistance and democratic decision‐making
Authors: Ben‐Yashar Ruth , Krausz Miriam , Nitzan Shmuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOrganizational reforms stimulating democratic decision‐making play a role in the economic effectiveness of concessional debt and debt relief. Effectiveness is defined as the increase in project approval produced by debt assistance. This claim is supported by a theoretic model illustrating the role of democratic decision‐making in increasing lending as well as in determining the effectiveness of debt assistance. Using the framework of group decision‐making in a fixed‐size committee, we suggest a novel explanation to the advantage of conditioning debt assistance on organizational reforms that target the decision‐making structure in organizations. The results imply that if the aid organization can affect the level of democratization in organizations, it can exploit its advantage and set the debt assistance that induces the maximal increase in project approval. We derive conditions under which organizational reforms that impose various forms of democratic norms in decision‐making are important for increasing the effectiveness of debt assistance. We also point to the case where replacing an autocratic decision maker can cause debt assistance effectiveness to decline.
The association between intraoperative fluid management and perioperative allogenic blood transfusion during adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery
Authors: Pardessus Pierre , Loiselle Maud , Silins Vilnis , Horlin Anne‐Laure , Brouns Kelly , Marsac Lucile , Fait Charlotte , Ilharreborde Brice , Julien‐Marsollier Florence , Dahmani Souhayl 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionBleeding and transfusion remain important concerns during surgical correction of scoliosis even when multiple conservative strategies, such as preoperative recombinant erythropoietin and/or antifibrinolytic agents, are used. The current work aimed to determine the impact of other potential risk factors, especially the volume of intraoperative fluid intake, on the perioperative risk of allogenic transfusion during surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.MethodsThis prospective study included all cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis operated in a single center during 2 years (2018–2020). Predictors analyzed were as follows: body mass index, preoperative hemoglobin concentration, thoracoplasty, preoperative halo‐gravity, volume of intraoperative crystalloid administration, use of esophageal Doppler (for goal‐directed fluid therapy), and duration of surgery. Statistical analyses were performed using a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsTwo hundred patients were included in the analysis. Multivariable analysis found: an increased volume of intraoperative crystalloid administration as a significant predictor of allogenic blood transfusion. Receiving operator characteristics analysis found the model exhibiting an area under the curve of 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.75–0.95). Optimizing stroke volume using esophageal Doppler was associated with a decrease in intraoperative crystalloid intake.ConclusionThese results indicate a statistical association between the increase in crystalloid intake and the risk of allogenic blood transfusion during surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Controlled studies are needed to address the causative relation between intraoperative fluid intake and the risk of allogenic transfusion.
Regulation of B‐1 cell numbers and B cell‐mediated antibody production by Inpp4b
Authors: Xu Meizhen , Ren Jinfeng , Jia Wenyu , Wang Siyu , Liu Yuting , Chen Xinzhu , Shi Jianhong , Wang Hui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractT and B lymphocytes are crucial players in cellular and humoral immune responses. The development, activation and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes are regulated by the best characterized PI3K‐PI (3,4,5) P3‐AKT phosphoinositide signalling pathway. As a branch of the phosphoinositide signalling pathway, the lipid phosphatase INPP4B inhibits AKT activation through degrading the phosphoinositide signalling messenger PI (3,4) P2. However, the role of Inpp4b in T and B lymphocytes remains elusive. Here, we reported that Inpp4b was highly expressed in human and murine T‐ and B‐1 lymphocytes. Despite its higher expression in T lymphocytes, neither T cell development and homeostasis nor in vitro T cell activation and CD4+ T cell differentiation were altered upon loss of Inpp4b. Interestingly, combined direct phenotype analysis of Inpp4b conventional knockout mice and adoptive transfer studies revealed that ablation of Inpp4b intrinsically reduced peritoneal B‐1 cells rather B‐2 cells. Moreover, Inpp4b deficiency led to impaired thymus independent (TI) and thymus dependent (TD) antigens‐induced antibody production. Further in vitro analysis revealed that CD40‐mediated B cell proliferation was impaired upon ablation of Inpp4b. Our findings reveal that Inpp4b is required in regulating B‐1 cell numbers and B cell‐mediated antibody production.