bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with early and late response to electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Hart Kamber L. , McCoy Thomas H. , Henry Michael E. , Seiner Stephen J. , Luccarelli James 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depressive symptoms, yet more research is needed to examine predictors of treatment response, and factors associated with response in patients not initially improving with treatment. This study reports factors associated with time to response (early vs. late) to ECT in a real‐world setting.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single‐center cohort study of patients endorsing moderate to severe depressive symptoms using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS; QIDS>10). Response was defined as 50% or greater decrease in QIDS score from baseline. We used logistic regression to predict response at treatment #5 (early response) as well as after treatment #5 (late response) and followed patients through ECT discontinuation or through treatment #20.ResultsOf the 1699 patients included in this study, 555 patients (32.7%) responded to ECT treatment at treatment #5 and 397 (23.4%) responded after treatment #5. Among patients who did not respond by treatment #5, those who switched to brief pulse width ECT from ultrabrief pulse ECT had increased odds of response after treatment #5 compared with patients only receiving ultrabrief pulse (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.16–2.07). Additionally, patients with less improvement in QIDS from baseline to treatment #5 had decreased odds of response after treatment #5 (aOR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.97–0.98).ConclusionAmong depressed patients treated with ECT, response occurred in 56.0% of patients by treatment #20. Patient receiving ultrabrief pulse ECT at baseline and who did not respond by treatment #5 had greater odds of subsequent response if switched to brief pulse ECT than if continued with ultrabrief pulse.
French Neocolonialism in Africa: Historical Overview and Summary of Current Events
Authors: Andjembe Etogho Elvine Belinda , Eben Sphynx Egbe‐Mbah , Dalton Amy L. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTIt is widely understood that, over a half‐century ago, most nations of Africa gained formal independence from colonial powers. What is not widely known is that in former French and Portuguese colonies, France was able to retain a significant degree of control over the economics and politics through a neocolonial system dubbed la Françafrique. Under that system, France has made use of the CFA franc, the management of natural resources, and one‐sided commercial contracts to siphon off much of the economic surplus generated by these 23 nations. In addition, France has effectively installed puppet governments in many nations and stifled dissent throughout the continent. Dissent against French domination of Africa has occurred at various times during the long period of Françafrique, and has intensified significantly in recent years. Several governments in West Africa are now openly rebelling against France, and diasporan communities and influential individuals are increasingly speaking out to support and interpret this dissent. This article provides an historical overview of Françafrique, reviews its current impacts, and sketches the contours of the growing movement to dismantle it.
EAACI guidelines on environmental science in allergic diseases and asthma – Leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning to develop a causality model in exposomics
Authors: Shamji Mohamed H. , Ollert Markus , Adcock Ian M. , Bennett Oscar , Favaro Alberto , Sarama Roudin , Riggioni Carmen , Annesi‐Maesano Isabella , Custovic Adnan , Fontanella Sara , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Nadeau Kari , Cecchi Lorenzo , Zemelka‐Wiacek Magdalena , Akdis Cezmi A. , Jutel Marek , Agache Ioana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAllergic diseases and asthma are intrinsically linked to the environment we live in and to patterns of exposure. The integrated approach to understanding the effects of exposures on the immune system includes the ongoing collection of large‐scale and complex data. This requires sophisticated methods to take full advantage of what this data can offer. Here we discuss the progress and further promise of applying artificial intelligence and machine‐learning approaches to help unlock the power of complex environmental data sets toward providing causality models of exposure and intervention. We discuss a range of relevant machine‐learning paradigms and models including the way such models are trained and validated together with examples of machine learning applied to allergic disease in the context of specific environmental exposures as well as attempts to tie these environmental data streams to the full representative exposome. We also discuss the promise of artificial intelligence in personalized medicine and the methodological approaches to healthcare with the final AI to improve public health.
Physical activity and sedentary behavior show distinct associations with tissue‐specific insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight
Authors: Wanders Lisa , Gijbels Anouk , Bakker Esmée A. , Trouwborst Inez , Jardon Kelly M. , Manusama Koen C. M. , Hul Gabby B. , Feskens Edith J. M. , Afman Lydia A. , Blaak Ellen E. , Hopman Maria T. E. , Goossens Gijs H. , Thijssen Dick H. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to investigate associations between the physical activity (PA) spectrum (sedentary behavior to exercise) and tissue‐specific insulin resistance (IR).MethodsWe included 219 participants for analysis (median [IQR]: 61 [55; 67] years, BMI 29.6 [26.9; 32.0] kg/m2; 60% female) with predominant muscle or liver IR, as determined using a 7‐point oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). PA and sedentary behavior were measured objectively (ActivPAL) across 7 days. Context‐specific PA was assessed with the Baecke questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models (adjustments include age, sex, BMI, site, season, retirement, and dietary intake) were used to determine associations between the PA spectrum and hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI), muscle insulin sensitivity index (MISI) and whole‐body IR (HOMA‐IR, Matsuda index).ResultsIn fully adjusted models, objectively measured total PA (standardized regression coefficient β = 0.17, p = 0.020), light‐intensity PA (β = 0.15, p = 0.045) and moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity PA (β = 0.13, p = 0.048) were independently associated with Matsuda index, but not HOMA‐IR (p > 0.05). A higher questionnaire‐derived sport index and leisure index were associated with significantly lower whole‐body IR (Matsuda, HOMA‐IR) in men but not in women. Results varied across tissues: more time spent sedentary (β = −0.24, p = 0.045) and a higher leisure index (β = 0.14, p = 0.034) were respectively negatively and positively associated with MISI, but not HIRI. A higher sport index was associated with lower HIRI (β = −0.30, p = 0.007, in men only).ConclusionWhile we confirm a beneficial association between PA and whole‐body IR, our findings indicate that associations between the PA spectrum and IR seem distinct depending on the primary site of insulin resistance (muscle or liver).
Spatial Modeling of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Transmission with Dyadic Genetic Relatedness Data
Authors: Warren Joshua L. , Chitwood Melanie H. , Sobkowiak Benjamin , Colijn Caroline , Cohen Ted 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Understanding factors that contribute to the increased likelihood of pathogen transmission between two individuals is important for infection control. However, analyzing measures of pathogen relatedness to estimate these associations is complicated due to correlation arising from the presence of the same individual across multiple dyadic outcomes, potential spatial correlation caused by unmeasured transmission dynamics, and the distinctive distributional characteristics of some of the outcomes. We develop two novel hierarchical Bayesian spatial methods for analyzing dyadic pathogen genetic relatedness data, in the form of patristic distances and transmission probabilities, that simultaneously address each of these complications. Using individual-level spatially correlated random effect parameters, we account for multiple sources of correlation between the outcomes as well as other important features of their distribution. Through simulation, we show the limitations of existing approaches in terms of estimating key associations of interest, and the ability of the new methodology to correct for these issues across datasets with different levels of correlation. All methods are applied to Mycobacterium tuberculosis data from the Republic of Moldova, where we identify previously unknown factors associated with disease transmission and, through analysis of the random effect parameters, key individuals, and areas with increased transmission activity. Model comparisons show the importance of the new methodology in this setting. The methods are implemented in the R package GenePair.
Development, psychometric assessment, and predictive validity of a breastfeeding subjective norms scale among an Australian prospective cohort of first‐time parents
Authors: Charlesworth Jessica , McAlpine Thomas , Martin Annegret , Scott Jane , Mullan Barbara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesBreastfeeding has a number of benefits for both mothers and their infants. Research has examined the psychosocial influences on breastfeeding, yielding important findings in relation to particular constructs that play a significant role in this vital health behaviour. One such construct is subjective norms. However, there are mixed findings in relation to the role of subjective norms in breastfeeding behaviours. This may be due to the lack of consistent measure of subjective norms across studies. Further, the influence of fathers' subjective norms on breastfeeding continuation remains unclear due to a lack of measurement. Thus, the aim of the current study was to develop and assess a reliable and valid subjective norms scale specific to breastfeeding for use among both mothers and fathers.Design/MethodsSubjective norms items were developed by researchers in the domain and were tested among 949 couples.ResultsFindings indicated that both subjective norms scales had excellent reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity. It was also found that both the mothers' and fathers' subjective norms scales tapped into two key structures: breastfeeding in general, and breastfeeding in public. Further, maternal subjective norms were predictive of breastfeeding behaviours but not paternal subjective norms.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the developed subjective norms scales are reliable and valid and capture key elements of breastfeeding subjective norms among both mothers and fathers. Use of this measure in future research can help better understand the role of both mothers' and fathers' subjective norms in influencing breastfeeding behaviours.
The structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: Theoretical and methodological considerations
Authors: Lloyd Maddison , Sugden Nicole , Thomas Matt , McGrath Andrew , Skilbeck Clive 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Zigmond ‐ Snaith, 1983) is widely used; however, its factor structure is unclear, with studies reporting differing unidimensional, two‐factor and three‐factor models. We aimed to address some key theoretical and methodological issues contributing to inconsistencies in HADS structures across samples. We reviewed existing HADS models and compared their fit using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We also investigated methodological effects by comparing factor structures derived from Rasch and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) methods, as well as effects of a negative wording factor. An Australian community‐dwelling sample consisting of 189 females and 158 males aged 17–86 (M = 35.73, SD = 17.41) completed the 14‐item HADS. The Rasch Analysis, PCA and CFA all supported the original two‐factor structure. Although some three‐factor models had good fit, they had unacceptable reliability. In the CFA, a hierarchical bifactor model with a general distress factor and uncorrelated depression and anxiety subscales produced the best fit, but the general factor was not unidimensional. The addition of a negative wording factor improved model fit. These findings highlight the effects of differing methodologies in producing inconsistent HADS factor structures across studies. Further replication of model fit across samples and refinement of the HADS items is warranted.
A model‐based approach to multivariate principal component regression: Selecting principal components and estimating standard errors for unstandardized regression coefficients
Authors: Gu Fei , Cheung Mike W.‐L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrincipal component regression (PCR) is a popular technique in data analysis and machine learning. However, the technique has two limitations. First, the principal components (PCs) with the largest variances may not be relevant to the outcome variables. Second, the lack of standard error estimates for the unstandardized regression coefficients makes it hard to interpret the results. To address these two limitations, we propose a model‐based approach that includes two mean and covariance structure models defined for multivariate PCR. By estimating the defined models, we can obtain inferential information that will allow us to test the explanatory power of individual PCs and compute the standard error estimates for the unstandardized regression coefficients. A real example is used to illustrate our approach, and simulation studies under normality and nonnormality conditions are presented to validate the standard error estimates for the unstandardized regression coefficients. Finally, future research topics are discussed.
Gamma frequency entrainment rescues cognitive impairment by decreasing postsynaptic transmission after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wang Weijie , Zhang Xiaotian , He Ruixing , Li Shaoxun , Fang Dazhao , Pang Cong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe relationship between oscillatory activity in hippocampus and cognitive impairment in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unclear. Although TBI decreases gamma oscillations and 40 Hz light flicker improves TBI prognosis, the effects and mechanism of rhythmic flicker on TBI remain unclear.AimsIn this study, we aimed to explore whether light flicker could reverse cognitive deficits, and further explore its potential mechanisms in TBI mouse model.MethodsThe Morris water maze test (MWM), step‐down test (SDT), and novel object recognition test (NOR) were applied to evaluate the cognitive ability. The local field potential (LFP) recording was applied to measure low gamma reduction of CA1 in hippocampus after TBI. And electrophysiological experiments were applied to explore effects of the gamma frequency entrainment on long‐term potentiation (LTP), postsynaptic transmission, and intrinsic excitability of CA1 pyramidal cells (PCs) in TBI mice. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were applied to explore the effects of 40 Hz light flicker on the expression of PSD95 in hippocampus of TBI mice.ResultsWe found that 40 Hz light flicker restored low gamma reduction of CA1 in hippocampus after TBI. And 40 Hz, but not random or 80 Hz light flicker, reversed cognitive impairment after TBI in behavioral tests. Moreover, 40 Hz light flicker improved N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor‐dependent LTP (LTPNMDAR) and L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel‐dependent LTP (LTPL‐VGCC) after TBI treatment. And gamma frequency entrainment decreased excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) of CA1 PCs in TBI mice. Our results have illustrated that 40 Hz light flicker could decrease intrinsic excitability of PCs after TBI treatment in mice. Furthermore, 40 Hz light flicker decreased the expression of PSD95 in hippocampus of TBI mice.ConclusionThese results demonstrated that 40 Hz light flicker rescues cognitive impairment by decreasing postsynaptic transmission in PCs after TBI treatment in mice.
Influence of different dispersants on the quality and stability of aqueous quinacridone magenta pigment dispersion for ink‐jet applications
Authors: Gaida Rafał , Dziubek Katarzyna , Król Katarzyna , Ostaszewska Monika , Wit Marian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe stability of water‐based pigment dispersions is a key factor in determining their utility in ink‐jet applications, and the appropriate choice of dispersant plays a special role. Among the pigment formulations tested to date, literature data on magenta pigments are very limited. Thus, the goal of this work was to study the influence of the type and loading of dispersants on the quality and stability of quinacridone magenta pigment dispersions. Three different commercially available dispersants were tested: (1) a cationic styrene‐maleic anhydride copolymer, (2) an anionic polyacrylate, and (3) a nonionic alkyl ethoxylate. Pigment and dispersing agents were analysed using the Fourier Transform–infrared method. The stability of pigment dispersions was determined by comparative studies of changes in the pigment particle size, viscosity, pH, filtration time, optical density and gloss during the accelerated ageing test. Moreover, Turbiscan AGS and LUMiFuge analysers were used for evaluations of the instability of the dispersions. The properties of each dispersing agent affected the performances of the different dispersants. The highest stability for the pigment formulations was provided using the nonionic dispersant (small particle size, < 60 nm; the lowest viscosity < 60 mPa·s at the optimal dispersant content; favourable results of the filtration test; the highest pigment dispersability, proven by optical density and gloss). The Turbiscan AGS and LUMiFuge results indicated that the stability of all tested quinacridone magenta pigment dispersions was excellent (Turbiscan Stability Index values below three, and no significant differences in transmission profiles, respectively). However, it was found that the measurement results were influenced by the viscosity of the formulations.
The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for family members impacted by another's substance use: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rushton Clare , Kelly Peter J. , Raftery Dayle , Beck Alison , Larance Briony 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionFamily members affected by another's substance use disorder experience physical health problems, breakdowns in relationships and reduced psychological wellbeing. This review examines the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for improving the wellbeing of family members.MethodsA systematic review of randomised‐controlled trials (RCT), non‐RCTs and pre‐post studies examining group or individual interventions for affected families. Five databases were searched (PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library). Outcomes included psychological functioning, quality of life, physical health and substance use, family functioning and coping. Outcomes were analysed by study design and mode of delivery (individual or group). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tools (RoB2, ROBINS‐I). The review followed PRISMA reporting guidelines and was prospectively registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42020200260).ResultsNineteen studies were included (k = 10 included in meta‐analyses). In k = 3 RCTs, individually administered interventions significantly reduced depression (standardised mean difference [SMD] 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21, 0.79) and distress (SMD 0.28, 95% CI 0.03, 0.54). In k = 2 pre‐post studies, individual interventions improved family functioning (d = 0.51, 95% CI 0.28, 0.73) and coping (d = 0.43, 95% CI 0.24, 0.61). In k = 3 non‐RCTs and k = 2 pre‐post designs group interventions significantly reduced depression (d = 0.50, 95% CI 0.17, 0.82) and distress (d = 0.44, 95% CI 0.13, 0.75), and improved coping (d = 0.81, 95% CI 0.29, 1.33).Discussion and ConclusionsThis review summarises the contemporary literature evaluating interventions for affected families, with both individual and group interventions demonstrating favourable outcomes. However, small sample sizes and methodologically weak‐quality studies limit conclusions.
The outcomes of auto‐transplanted premolars in the anterior maxilla following traumatic dental injuries
Authors: Albalooshy Amal , Duggal Monty , Vinall‐Collier Karen , Drummond Bernadette , Day Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground/AimsTooth auto‐transplantation is a treatment option, which is often not considered to replace anterior maxillary incisors in children and adolescents. There are multiple prognostic factors that may influence the outcomes of premolar auto‐transplantation, but there is limited evidence from human studies. The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of auto‐transplanted premolars in the anterior maxilla following traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and to identify their prognostic factors.Materials and MethodsThe clinical records of patients who had premolars transplanted in the anterior maxilla following TDI, with appropriate radiographs and a minimal of 1‐year follow‐up, were reviewed retrospectively. A specific data extraction form was developed, tested and used to collect information for the prognostic factors and outcomes.ResultsThe cohort included 120 patients with 144 auto‐transplanted premolars. The mean age was 12.2 years (±2.0), and the mean observation period was 3.7 years (±1.8). The success rate was 80%, and the survival rate was 93%. Unfavourable outcomes included external replacement resorption in 12.5%, uncontrolled external inflammatory resorption in 2.7%, and both resorption types in 4.9% of teeth. Periodontal healing was significantly associated with donor tooth root maturity, graft handling at the time of surgery including ease of donor tooth extraction and placement at the recipient sites, recipient site alveolar bone status, and post‐operative transplant mobility. Seventy‐four teeth (53.4%) were immature at the time of transplantation where pulp revascularisation was anticipated, and 52 (70%) of those had radiographic and clinical signs of pulp healing. Pulp healing was significantly related to donor tooth eruption stage, ease of extraction of donor tooth, and ease of placement in the recipient site.ConclusionsGood outcomes were observed for premolar teeth auto‐transplanted in the anterior maxilla. The main prognostic factors were ease of extraction of donor tooth and ease of placement in the recipient sites and donor tooth root maturity.
Links to rare climates do not translate into distinct traits for island endemics
Authors: Cutts Vanessa , Hanz Dagmar M. , Barajas‐Barbosa Martha Paola , Schrodt Franziska , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Denelle Pierre , Fernández‐Palacios José María , Gaüzère Pierre , Grenié Matthias , Irl Severin D. H. , Kraft Nathan , Kreft Holger , Maitner Brian , Munoz François , Thuiller Wilfried , Violle Cyrille , Weigelt Patrick , Field Richard , Algar Adam C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCurrent models of island biogeography treat endemic and non‐endemic species as if they were functionally equivalent, focussing primarily on species richness. Thus, the functional composition of island biotas in relation to island biogeographical variables remains largely unknown. Using plant trait data (plant height, leaf area and flower length) for 895 native species in the Canary Islands, we related functional trait distinctiveness and climate rarity for endemic and non‐endemic species and island ages. Endemics showed a link to climatically rare conditions that is consistent with island geological change through time. However, functional trait distinctiveness did not differ between endemics and non‐endemics and remained constant with island age. Thus, there is no obvious link between trait distinctiveness and occupancy of rare climates, at least for the traits measured here, suggesting that treating endemic and non‐endemic species as functionally equivalent in island biogeography is not fundamentally wrong.