bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining priority areas for conservation of poorly known species: A case study of the endemic Brazilian three-banded armadillo
Authors: Feijó Anderson , Magalhães Rodolfo , Bocchiglieri Adriana , Cordeiro José Luís P. , Sena Liana Mara , Attias Nina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Conservation of poorly known species is challenging as lack of knowledge on their specific requirements may hamper effective strategies. Here, by integrating biogeographical and landscape analyses, we show that informed actions can be delineated for species with limited presence-only data available. We combine species distribution and connectivity models with temporal land cover changes to define priority areas for conservation of the endemic Brazilian three-banded armadillo, one of the most threatened xenarthrans that was once considered extinct in the wild. We revealed that areas of savanna and grassland are the most suitable habitats for the species and that uplands in the Caatinga ecoregion have a greater likelihood for dispersal. The few remnant armadillo populations are spatially associated with core areas of natural vegetation remnants. Worrisomely, 76% of natural core areas were lost in the past 30 years, mirroring the species’ severe population decline. Preserving the remnant core natural areas should be a high priority to ensure the species’ survival. We highlight key areas for proactive and reactive conservation actions for the three-banded armadillo that will benefit other threatened sympatric species. Our integrative framework provides a set of valuable information for guided conservation management that can be replicated for other poorly known species.
ITERATING THE COFINALITY- CONSTRUCTIBLE MODEL
Authors: YA’AR UR 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigate iterating the construction of
$C^{*}$
, the L-like inner model constructed using first order logic augmented with the “cofinality
$\omega $
” quantifier. We first show that
$\left (C^{*}\right )^{C^{*}}=C^{*}\ne L$
is equiconsistent with
$\mathrm {ZFC}$
, as well as having finite strictly decreasing sequences of iterated
$C^{*}$
s. We then show that in models of the form
$L[U]$
we get infinite decreasing sequences of length
$\omega $
, and that an inner model with a measurable cardinal is required for that.
Discovering fire events in the HAS1 settlement on the Dhofar coast (Oman) by a multi-methodological study of mollusk shells
Authors: Crippa Gaia , Lischi Silvia , Chiari Andrea , Dapiaggi Monica , Cremaschi Mauro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMollusk shells from archeological deposits are often exposed to high temperatures through human-caused or natural heating events. While heat exposure affects reliability of mollusk shells for environmental reconstructions based on geochemistry, it can provide a valuable source of information on past human behaviors and human–environment interactions. We analyzed burned and not-burned bivalve and gastropod specimens collected within two megalithic circular structures in the HAS1 settlement in Oman (Late Iron Age and Classical Period). Through a multi-methodological approach, we investigated shell microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), shell mineralogy using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and shell stable-isotopic composition (δ18O, δ13C) using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to infer the temperatures these specimens were exposed to and to reconstruct the processes responsible for heating the shells. Thermal response of aragonite and calcite shells having different microstructures were also determined. We found that mollusk shells at this site were exposed to three temperature ranges: a) no exposure or <300°C, b) between 250°C and 500°C, and c) ≥500°C. The heat source was likely a fire which engulfed the entire settlement, which is also supported by evidence of carbonized wooden poles found in situ inside the circular structures.
Ergothioneine: an underrecognised dietary micronutrient required for healthy ageing?
Authors: Tian Xiaoying , Thorne James L. , Moore J. Bernadette 
Published: January 2023

AbstractErgothioneine is a naturally occurring amino acid and thiol antioxidant found in high amounts in mushrooms and fermented foods. Humans and animals acquire ergothioneine from the diet through the pH-dependent activity of a membrane transporter, the large solute carrier 22A member 4 (SLC22A4), expressed on the apical membrane of the small intestine. The SLC22A4 transporter also functions in the renal reabsorption of ergothioneine in the kidney, with avid absorption and retention of ergothioneine from the diet observed in both animals and humans. Ergothioneine is capable of scavenging a diverse range of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, has metal chelation properties, and is predicted to directly regulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Although not lethal, the genetic knockout of the SLC22A4 gene in multiple organisms increases susceptibility to oxidative stress, damage and inflammation; in agreement with a large body of preclinical data suggesting the physiological function of ergothioneine is as a cellular antioxidant and cytoprotectant agent. In humans, blood levels of ergothioneine decline after the age of 60 years, and lower levels of ergothioneine are associated with more rapid cognitive decline. Conversely, high plasma ergothioneine levels have been associated with significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality and overall mortality risks. In this horizon’s manuscript, we review evidence suggesting critical roles for dietary ergothioneine in healthy ageing and the prevention of cardiometabolic disease. We comment on some of the outstanding research questions in the field and consider the question of whether or not ergothioneine should be considered a conditionally essential micronutrient.
Immunological mechanisms involved in macrophage activation and polarization in schistosomiasis
Authors: Licá Irlla Correia Lima , Frazão Gleycka Cristine Carvalho Gomes , Nogueira Ranielly Araujo , Lira Maria Gabriela Sampaio , dos Santos Vitor Augusto Ferreira , Rodrigues João Gustavo Mendes , Miranda Guilherme Silva , Carvalho Rafael Cardoso , Silva Lucilene Amorim , Guerra Rosane Nassar Meireles , Nascimento Flávia Raquel Fernandes 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuman schistosomiasis is caused by helminths of the genus Schistosoma. Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune regulation of this disease. These cells acquire different phenotypes depending on the type of stimulus they receive. M1 macrophages can be ‘classically activated’ and can display a proinflammatory phenotype. M2 or ‘alternatively activated’ macrophages are considered anti-inflammatory cells. Despite the relevance of macrophages in controlling infections, the role of the functional types of these cells in schistosomiasis is unclear. This review highlights different molecules and/or macrophage activation and polarization pathways during Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum infection. This review is based on original and review articles obtained through searches in major databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, ACS, PubMed, Wiley, Scielo, Web of Science, LILACS and ScienceDirect. Our findings emphasize the importance of S. mansoni and S. japonicum antigens in macrophage polarization, as they exert immunomodulatory effects in different stages of the disease and are therefore important as therapeutic targets for schistosomiasis and in vaccine development. A combination of different antigens can provide greater protection, as it possibly stimulates an adequate immune response for an M1 or M2 profile and leads to host resistance; however, this warrants in vitro and in vivo studies.
Structural brain plasticity and inflammation are independently related to changes in depressive symptoms six months after an index ECT course
Authors: Brooks John O. , Kruse Jennifer L. , Kubicki Antoni , Hellemann Gerhard , Espinoza Randall T. , Irwin Michael R. , Narr Katherine L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for treatment-resistant depression and leads to short-term structural brain changes and decreases in the inflammatory response. However, little is known about how brain structure and inflammation relate to the heterogeneity of treatment response in the months following an index ECT course.MethodsA naturalistic six-month study following an index ECT course included 20 subjects with treatment-resistant depression. Upon conclusion of the index ECT course and again after six months, structural magnetic resonance imaging scans and peripheral inflammation measures [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein] were obtained. Voxel-based morphometry processed with the CAT-12 Toolbox was used to estimate changes in gray matter volume.ResultsBetween the end of the index ECT course and the end of follow-up, we found four clusters of significant decreases in gray matter volume (p < 0.01, FWE) and no regions of increased volume. Decreased HAM-D scores were significantly related only to reduced IL-8 level. Decreased volume in one cluster, which included the right insula and Brodmann's Area 22, was related to increased HAM-D scores over six months. IL-8 levels did not mediate or moderate the relationship between volumetric change and depression.ConclusionsSix months after an index ECT course, multiple regions of decreased gray matter volume were observed in a naturalistic setting. The independent relations between brain volume and inflammation to depressive symptoms suggest novel explanations of the heterogeneity of longer-term ECT treatment response.
Altered frontolimbic activity during virtual reality-based contextual fear learning in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Siehl Sebastian , Wicking Manon , Pohlack Sebastian , Winkelmann Tobias , Zidda Francesca , Steiger-White Frauke , Nees Frauke , Flor Herta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeficiency in contextual and enhanced responding in cued fear learning may contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We examined the responses to aversive Pavlovian conditioning with an unpredictable spatial context as conditioned stimulus compared to a predictable context. We hypothesized that the PTSD group would demonstrate less hippocampal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation during acquisition and extinction of unpredictable contexts and an over-reactive amygdala response in the predictable contexts compared to controls.MethodsA novel combined differential cue-context conditioning paradigm was applied using virtual reality with spatial contexts that required configural and cue processing. We assessed 20 patients with PTSD, 21 healthy trauma-exposed (TC) and 22 non-trauma-exposed (HC) participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging, skin conductance responses, and self-report measures.ResultsDuring fear acquisition, patients with PTSD compared to TC showed lower activity in the hippocampi in the unpredictable and higher activity in the amygdalae in the predictable context. During fear extinction, TC compared to patients and HC showed higher brain activity in the vmPFC in the predictable context. There were no significant differences in self-report or skin conductance responses.ConclusionsOur results suggest that patients with PTSD differ in brain activation from controls in regions such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the vmPFC in the processing of unpredictable and predictable contexts. Deficient encoding of more complex configurations might lead to a preponderance of cue-based predictions in PTSD. Exposure-based treatments need to focus on improving predictability of contextual processing and reducing enhanced cue reactivity.
Epistemic injustice and the psychiatrist
Authors: Kious Brent M. , Lewis Benjamin R. , Kim Scott Y. H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatrists depend on their patients for clinical information and are obligated to regard them as trustworthy, except in special circumstances. Nevertheless, some critics of psychiatry have argued that psychiatrists frequently perpetrate epistemic injustice against patients. Epistemic injustice is a moral wrong that involves unfairly discriminating against a person with respect to their ability to know things because of personal characteristics like gender or psychiatric diagnosis.MethodsWe review the concept of epistemic injustice and several claims that psychiatric practice is epistemically unjust.ResultsWhile acknowledging the risk of epistemic injustice in psychiatry and other medical fields, we argue that most concerns that psychiatric practice is epistemically unjust are unfounded.ConclusionsThe concept of epistemic injustice does not add significantly to existing standards of good clinical practice, and that it could produce changes in practice that would be deleterious. Psychiatrists should resist calls for changes to clinical practice based on this type of criticism.
Comparison of ventricular synchrony in children with left bundle branch area pacing and right ventricular septal pacing
Authors: Li Jinghao , Jiang He , Cui Jian , Zhang Yi , Li Meiting , Zhou Huiming , Li Xiaomei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to determine the ideal pacing site in children by comparing the postoperative ventricular synchrony in children with left bundle branch area pacing and those with right ventricular septal pacing.Methods:This retrospective study included children with complete atrioventricular block who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation from March 2019 to August 2021. Patients were grouped according to their ventricular pacing site, the left bundle branch area pacing group and the right ventricular septal pacing group. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography was used to evaluate the ventricular synchrony.Results:Forty-eight children (median age, 2.7 years; interquartile range, 1.7–4.6 years) were included. The paced QRS duration in the left bundle branch area pacing group was significantly narrower than that in the right ventricular septal pacing group (100.2 ± 9.3 versus 115.4 ± 15.1 ms, p = 0.001). The median follow-up duration was 1.5 years (interquartile range, 1–2 years). At the last follow-up, the average capture threshold of the ventricular electrode in the left bundle branch area pacing group was lower than that in the right ventricular septal pacing group (0.79 ± 0.18 versus 1.20 ± 0.56 V, p = 0.008). The left ventricular intraventricular synchrony parameters in the left bundle branch area pacing group were better than those in the right ventricular septal pacing group (e.g. standard deviation of the time to peak longitudinal strain, 37.4 ± 4.3 versus 46.6 ± 8.2 ms, p = 0.000). The average interventricular mechanical delay time in the left bundle branch area pacing group was significantly shorter than that in the right ventricular septal pacing group (36.4 ± 14.2 versus 52.5 ± 22.7 ms, p = 0.016).Conclusion:Compared with right ventricular septal pacing, left bundle branch area pacing in children produces a narrower QRS duration and better pacing and ventricular synchrony parameters postoperatively.
Early re-replacement after mitral valve replacement using the chimney technique in a child: a case report
Authors: Maeda Toshi , Nagato Hisao , Ishihara Haruko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMitral valve replacement for small pediatric patients is technically difficult because of the small annulus and requires some technical ideas. The chimney technique is useful for supra-annular mitral valve replacement. We describe a paediatric case of early re-replacement owing to pannus formation after mitral valve replacement using the chimney technique.
Pregnancy in Eisenmenger syndrome: a case series from a tertiary care hospital of Northern India
Authors: Sharma Bharti , Sikka Pooja , Chopra Seema , Bansal Ramandeep , Suri Vanita , Aggarwal Neelam , Saha Subhas C. , Vijayvergiya Rajesh , Bhukal Ishwar , Kumar Praveen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground:Despite advances in medical care, we still come across pregnancy in Eisenmenger syndrome. Eisenmenger syndrome represents the severe end of the spectrum for disease in pulmonary artery hypertension associated with CHD. Due to very high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, pregnancy is contraindicated among these women. Current guidelines also recommend that the women who become pregnant should opt for early termination of pregnancy. Here, we present a case series of 11 women of Eisenmenger syndrome and their pregnancy outcome.Methods:It was a retrospective analysis of 12 pregnancies among 11 women with Eisenmenger syndrome who were managed in a tertiary care referral centre of Northern India.Results:The mean age of these women was 28 ± 4 years (range 22 to 36 years). Almost 80% of them (9/11) were diagnosed with Eisenmenger syndrome during pregnancy. The commonest cardiac lesion was Ventricular Septal defect (54.5%) followed by Atrial Septal defect (27.3%) and Patent Ductus arteriosus (9.1%). Only three women opted for medical termination of pregnancy, rest eight continued the pregnancy or presented late. Pregnancy complications found include pre-eclampsia (50%), abruption (22%), and fetal growth retardation (62.5%). There were three maternal deaths (mortality rate 27%) in postpartum period.Conclusion:This case series highlights the delay in diagnosis and treatment of CHD despite improvement in medical care. Women with Eisenmenger syndrome require effective contraception, preconceptional counselling, early termination of pregnancy, and multidisciplinary care.
A rare and fatal cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Danon disease
Authors: Türkmen Hasan , Uysal Fahrettin , Bostan Özlem Mehtap 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDanon disease is a rare and fatal disease caused by a mutation in the lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 gene. Impaired intracellular autophagy causes lysosomal vacuoles to accumulate mainly in myocardial and skeletal muscle cells, leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and varying degrees of intellectual disability. Two distinct childhood presentations of Danon disease are described in this report.
“It Doesn’t Affect Me!” – Do Immunity	Beliefs Prevent Subsequent Aggression After Playing a Violent Video	Game?
Authors: Ridge Robert D. , Hawk Christopher E. , McCombs Logan D. , Richards Kelsie J. , Schultz Cheyenne A. , Ashton Rowan K. , Hartvigsen Luke D. , Bartlett Derek 
Published: January 2023

Abstract: We identified participants in the United States ( N = 302) who believed that they were vulnerable to becoming more aggressive after playing a violent video game (a vulnerability belief) and those who believed that playing violent video games would not make them more aggressive (an immunity belief). Participants played either a violent or a nonviolent video game and then competed with a fictional opponent in a competitive reaction time task. Results revealed that those with an immunity belief did not behave more aggressively after playing a violent video game. Unexpectedly, those with a vulnerability belief behaved less aggressively after playing a violent video game. We discuss implications for future research and media literacy education.
Improvement in Dust Storm Simulation by Considering Stone Coverage Effects for Stony Deserts in East Asia
Authors: Sekiyama T. T. , Kurosaki Y. , Kajino M. , Ishizuka M. , Buyantogtokh B. , Wu J. , Maki T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractApproximately 50% of the Earth's deserts are covered with stony surfaces, not dunes. The stony surfaces often block or diminish mineral dust aerosol emissions through area fraction and roughness element effects. Incorporating these stone coverage effects is crucial for climate and environmental modeling research. Based on our field observations, this study combined the stone coverage effects into a dust simulation model for East Asia using two regression formulas and some constants. The double regression scheme assumed that the stone roughness density could be derived from the coarse fragment fraction of the SoilGrids 2.0 data set. According to the data set, the stone coverage is higher in Western Mongolia and Dzungaria and lower in the Chinese Gobi Desert and the Loess Plateau. Consequently, the model reproduced fewer dust aerosols in the higher coverage areas and more in the lower coverage areas. This simulation result was consistent with the World Meteorological Organization's current weather reports and satellite aerosol observations. The improved model reproduced the diversity of soil erodibility and was well balanced in performance statistics. This study is the first successful investigation of stone coverage effects on dust storm simulation using a realistic stone coverage map to the authors' best knowledge.
A Wetting‐Front Model for Vadose Zone Infiltration via Drywells
Authors: Moreno Z. , Paster A. , Kamai T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDrywell infiltration is a common approach to recharge groundwater and reduce load from drainage systems. In order to properly design a drywell, it is critical to predict its infiltration capacity, that is, its response to anticipated precipitation/stormwater/flood events. This is commonly conducted using models that solve the unsaturated flow in the subsurface using complex and costly numerical schemes. This work proposes a different approach, based on a solution for a sharp interface wetting front. The proposed model predicts the water level in the well and the subsurface wetting front location during and after an infiltration event. The model was tested and compared with numerical simulations of Richards' equation and with data from a field experiment, and proved to be sufficiently accurate. The typical run times of the model are smaller than 1 s and about three orders of magnitude shorter compared to the numerical model of Richards' equation. For illustrating possible applications, we use field data: the model is used to estimate the hydraulic properties via parameter optimization. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the drywell response was conducted, demonstrating some practical applications for analysis, which may be used for properly determining site‐specific drywell design.