bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MMT and policy assignment in an open economy context: Simplicity is useful, oversimplification not so much
Authors: Razmi Arslan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractModern Monetary Theory (MMT) has recently received significant attention in academic and policy circles. Critics question the sustainability of MMT‐prescribed approaches to fiscal and monetary policy, especially over extended periods of time, in the presence of international financial markets, and for developing country governments that borrow in foreign currency. I formalize some of these arguments using a dynamic, open economy, Tobin‐Markowitz portfolio balance environment that takes into account: (1) the role of expectations in the foreign exchange market and the feedback mechanisms between these and the exchange rate and inflation, and (2) interactions between the current account, debt accumulation, and the goods market. I show that continuous monetary accommodation of fiscal policy by a consolidated authority that operates along MMT‐prescribed lines is likely to generate instability and make it hard to maintain full employment with stable inflation. Importantly, this is true even in the absence of rational forward‐looking expectations or sovereign foreign indebtedness.
Bacterial filaments recover by successive and accelerated asymmetric divisions that allow rapid post‐stress cell proliferation
Authors: Cayron Julien , Dedieu‐Berne Annick , Lesterlin Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFilamentation is a reversible morphological change triggered in response to various stresses that bacteria might encounter in the environment, during host infection or antibiotic treatments. Here we re‐visit the dynamics of filament formation and recovery using a consistent framework based on live‐cells microscopy. We compare the fate of filamentous Escherichia coli induced by cephalexin that inhibits cell division or by UV‐induced DNA‐damage that additionally perturbs chromosome segregation. We show that both filament types recover by successive and accelerated rounds of divisions that preferentially occur at the filaments' tip, thus resulting in the rapid production of multiple daughter cells with tightly regulated size. The DNA content, viability and further division of the daughter cells essentially depends on the coordination between chromosome segregation and division within the mother filament. Septum positioning at the filaments' tip depends on the Min system, while the nucleoid occlusion protein SlmA regulates the timing of division to prevent septum closure on unsegregated chromosomes. Our results not only recapitulate earlier conclusions but provide a higher level of detail regarding filaments division and the fate of the daughter cells. Together with previous reports, this work uncovers how filamentation recovery allows for a rapid cell proliferation after stress treatment.
Lack of difference between amyloid‐beta burden at gyral crests and sulcal depths in diverse neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Ichimata Shojiro , Kim Ain , Nishida Naoki , Kovacs Gabor G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to clarify whether there is a difference in amyloid‐beta burden between gyral crests (GCs) and sulcal depths (SDs) in different neurodegenerative proteinopathies.MethodsWe analysed the burden and distribution of amyloid‐beta deposition in post‐mortem brain samples from 138 autopsies, including Alzheimer's disease (n = 30), Down's syndrome (n = 11), Lewy body disease (LBD; n = 53), multiple system atrophy (n = 8) and progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 36). We applied quantitative amyloid‐beta burden analysis to compare amyloid‐beta deposition in both GCs and SDs. We also evaluated the prevalence of amyloid‐beta plaques in both regions in samples exhibiting high or low amounts of amyloid‐beta pathology.ResultsAmyloid‐beta burden was evaluated in 67 and 84 samples of the frontal and temporal cortices, respectively. We did not find significant differences in the amyloid‐beta burden between GCs and SDs in these regions in any examined disease. In addition, amyloid‐beta plaques were almost evenly distributed in both regions in cases with low amounts of amyloid‐beta pathology. Females in the LBD group showed significantly higher amyloid‐beta burden than males (temporal cortex, p < 0.01). Furthermore, only one LBD case showed SD‐predominant deposition associated with the coarse‐grained plaques.ConclusionsWe have shown that amyloid‐beta is almost evenly distributed in both GCs and SDs in the frontal and temporal lobes from the early stage, in diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Sex may contribute to differences in the amyloid‐beta burden. The coarse‐grained plaque may show SD‐predominant neuritic tau deposition that must be carefully distinguished from chronic traumatic encephalopathy‐related SD tau pathology.
Christ, Image of the Father. On the Lasting Importance of the Christology of Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Schoot Henk J.M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis contribution discusses the expression ‘Image of the Father’ as a case in point to Aquinas's approach of naming Christ: Christology and Trinitarian theology, as well as the discussion of analogical naming in divinis, need to be taken together. ‘Image’ and ‘Father’ are predicated differently of Christ and God the Father than of human beings. Moreover, God is ‘Father’ in a different way towards the Son than regarding human beings. Christ is the unique image of the Father: the invisible image of the invisible Father.
Revisiting the relationship between turgor pressure and plant cell growth
Authors: Ali Olivier , Cheddadi Ibrahim , Landrein Benoit , Long Yuchen 
Published: December 2022

SummaryGrowth is central to plant morphogenesis. Plant cells are encased in rigid cell walls, and they must overcome physical confinement to grow to specific sizes and shapes. Cell wall tension and turgor pressure are the main mechanical components impacting plant cell growth. Cell wall mechanics has been the focus of most plant biomechanical studies, and turgor pressure was often considered as a constant and largely passive component. Nevertheless, it is increasingly accepted that turgor pressure plays a significant role in plant growth. Numerous theoretical and experimental studies suggest that turgor pressure can be both spatially inhomogeneous and actively modulated during morphogenesis. Here, we revisit the pressure–growth relationship by reviewing recent advances in investigating the interactions between cellular/tissular pressure and growth.
Short‐term variation in leaf‐level water use efficiency in a tropical forest
Authors: Davidson Kenneth J. , Lamour Julien , Rogers Alistair , Ely Kim S. , Li Qianyu , McDowell Nate G. , Pivovaroff Alexandria L. , Wolfe Brett T. , Wright S. Joseph , Zambrano Alfonso , Serbin Shawn P. 
Published: December 2022

Summary

The representation of stomatal regulation of transpiration and CO2 assimilation is key to forecasting terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change. Given its importance in determining the relationship between forest productivity and climate, accurate and mechanistic model representation of the relationship between stomatal conductance (gs) and assimilation is crucial.

We assess possible physiological and mechanistic controls on the estimation of the g1 (stomatal slope, inversely proportional to water use efficiency) and g0 (stomatal intercept) parameters, using diurnal gas exchange surveys and leaf‐level response curves of six tropical broadleaf evergreen tree species.

g1 estimated from ex situ response curves averaged 50% less than g1 estimated from survey data. While g0 and g1 varied between leaves of different phenological stages, the trend was not consistent among species. We identified a diurnal trend associated with g1 and g0 that significantly improved model projections of diurnal trends in transpiration.

The accuracy of modeled gs can be improved by accounting for variation in stomatal behavior across diurnal periods, and between measurement approaches, rather than focusing on phenological variation in stomatal behavior. Additional investigation into the primary mechanisms responsible for diurnal variation in g1 will be required to account for this phenomenon in land‐surface models.
Prevalence of mental health symptoms in children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Deng Jiawen , Zhou Fangwen , Hou Wenteng , Heybati Kiyan , Lohit Simran , Abbas Umaima , Silver Zachary , Wong Chi Yi , Chang Oswin , Huang Emma , Zuo Qi Kang , Moskalyk Myron , Ramaraju Harikrishnaa Ba , Heybati Shayan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and its accompanying infection control measures introduced sudden and significant disruptions to the lives of children and adolescents around the world. Given the potential for negative impacts on the mental health of youths as a result of these changes, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances in children and adolescents during the pandemic. We searched major literature databases for relevant cross‐sectional or longitudinal studies that included primary and secondary school students or children and adolescents ≤18 years of age. Prevalence values were extracted, logit‐transformed, and pooled. Based on 191 included studies with 1,389,447 children and adolescents, we found the pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances to be 31%, 31%, and 42%, respectively. Age, grade levels, education levels, gender, geographical regions, and electronics use were correlated with the prevalence of mental health symptoms. The prevalence of mental health symptoms also increased with time, although signs of recovery and stabilization were also observed. Overall, the results from this review demonstrate the need for increased mental health research, monitoring, and intervention for children and adolescents during the current and future pandemics.
Childhood obesity trends: Association with same‐day hospital admission in a National Outpatient Surgical Population
Authors: Tram Nguyen K. , Mpody Christian , Owusu‐Bediako Kwaku , Murillo‐Deluquez Marcelino E. , Tobias Joseph D. , Nafiu Olubukola O. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the prevalence of obesity in the general population and its perioperative implications among children undergoing inpatient surgeries are well known, little is known about obesity prevalence among children scheduled for ambulatory surgery.AimsHere, we report the trends of obesity and severe obesity among children who underwent ambulatory surgery across multiple centers in the United States and explore the association of obesity status with admission following elective ambulatory surgery.Materials and MethodsUsing data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program‐Pediatric (2012–2019), we selected children 2–18 years old who underwent outpatient surgical procedures under general anesthesia and had documented height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) data. We estimated the prevalence of overweight, obesity (class 1), and severe obesity (class 2 and class 3) patients and explored their association with same‐day hospital admission, defined as hospital length of stay ≥1 day.ResultsData from 152 918 children (mean age: 9.7 ± 4.7 years) were analyzed. Of these, 16.4% (n = 25 007) were overweight, 13.8% (n = 21 085) were class 1 obese, 5.2% (n = 7879) were class 2 obese, and 3.0% (n = 4623) were class 3 obese. From 2012 to 2019, class 2 or 3 obesity prevalence increased by 26.7% and 32.5%, respectively. Overweight and obese children had relatively higher odds of same‐day hospital admission compared to healthy weight children (overweight odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.05 [1.02, 1.08]; class 1 obesity: 1.04 [1.00, 1.07]; class 2 obesity: 1.09 [1.02, 1.16]; class 3 obesity: 1.20 [1.11, 1.30]).Discusion and ConclusionThe burden of obesity continues to increase in children scheduled for ambulatory surgery. Children with class 2 and class 3 obesity have higher rates of same‐day hospital admission following elective ambulatory surgery compared to healthy weight children, a factor that should be considered in scheduling these patients.
Acute phase proteins in cattle and swine: A review
Authors: Saco Yolanda , Bassols Anna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe major acute phase proteins (APPs) in cattle are haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), and in swine, are Hp, SAA, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and Pig major acute phase protein (Pig‐MAP). Many methodologic assays are presently available to measure these parameters, which are still being improved to increase their specificity, sensitivity, user‐friendliness, and economic availability. In cattle, the main applications are the diagnosis and monitoring of frequent diseases such as mastitis and metritis in dairy cows and respiratory problems in young calves. In pigs, APPs are useful in the control of bacterial and viral infections, and they may be used at the slaughterhouse to monitor subclinical pathologies and improve food safety. The utility of APP in animal production must not be forgotten; optimization of protocols to improve performance, welfare, and nutrition may benefit from the use of APPs. Other sample types besides serum or plasma have potential uses; APP determination in milk is a powerful tool in the control of mastitis, saliva is a non‐invasive sample type, and meat juice is easily obtained at the slaughterhouse. Increasing our knowledge of reference intervals and the influence of variables such as age, breed, sex, and the season is important. Finally, worldwide harmonization and standardization of analytical procedures will help to expand the use of APPs.
Paleozoic vegetation increased fine sediment in fluvial and tidal channels: Evidence from secular changes to the mudrock content of ancient point bars
Authors: McMahon William J. , Davies Neil S. , Kleinhans Maarten G. , Mitchell Ria L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The amount of mudrock preserved globally in alluvium increased in stratigraphic synchrony with the Paleozoic evolution of land plants. This observation has been explained by vegetation promoting both the retention of mud through baffling, stabilization, and flocculation, and the production of mud through chemical weathering. However, the latter explanation has been challenged on the basis that it is perceived to require imbalance in the long-term global carbon cycle. We present a compendium of empirical evidence that is supportive of increased global fine sediment supply, and thus the contention that land plants did, in fact, promote the production of mud on the continents. We refine previous broad-brush analyses of Paleozoic mudrock content by specifically tracking shifts in the mudrock content of regions of alluvial and tidal landscapes that remained locally unvegetated even after the greening of the continents, namely inclined heterolithic stratification (IHS) that records submerged in-channel bars. We show that the Paleozoic mudrock increase was pronounced even within these areas, away from any biomechanical binding and baffling effects of plants. Precambrian and Cambrian IHS are composed almost exclusively of sandstone, whereas Silurian through to Carboniferous examples show a steady increase in total mudrock content. This progressive rise in the mudrock component of channel bars cannot alone be explained by physical retention of mud by vegetation and requires heightened fine sediment concentrations from the hinterland, which suggests that plants increased the volume of mud available at source. The muddying of Earth’s preserved IHS serves as a proxy that suggests evolving Paleozoic land plants triggered a global increase in the production and supply of fine-grained sediment.
Digital disparities among healthcare workers in typing speed between generations, genders, and medical specialties: cross sectional study
Authors: Schuurman Alex R , Baarsma M E , Wiersinga W Joost , Hovius Joppe W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the typing skills of healthcare professionals.

Design
Cross sectional study.

Setting
Two large tertiary medical centres in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Participants
2690 hospital employees working in patient care, research, or medical education.

Main outcome measures
Participants completed a custom built, web based, Santa themed, typing test in 60 seconds and filled out an associated questionnaire. The primary outcome was corrected typing speed, defined as crude typing speed (words per minute) multiplied by accuracy (correct characters as a percentage of total characters in the final transcribed text). Feelings towards administrative tasks scored on the Visual Analogue Scale to Weigh Respondents’ Internalised Typing Enjoyment (VAS-WRITE), in which 0 represents the most negative and 100 the most positive feelings towards administration, were also recorded.

Results
Between 18 and 21 May 2021, a representative cohort of 2690 study participants was recruited (1942 (72.2%) were younger than 40 years; 2065 (76.8%) were women). Respondents’ mean typing speed was 60.1 corrected words per minute (standard deviation 20.8; range 8.0-136.6) with substantial differences between professions and specialties, in which physicians in internal medicine were the fastest among the medical professionals. Typing speed decreased significantly with every age decade (rho −0.51, P<0.001), and people with a history of completing a typing course were more than 20% faster than those who had not (mean difference 12.1 words (standard error 0.8), (95% confidence interval 10.6 to 13.6), P<0.001). The corrected typing speed did not differ between genders (0.5 (0.9) words, (−1.4 to 2.4), P=0.61). Women were less negative towards administration than were men (mean difference VAS-WRITE score 7.68 (standard error 1.17), (95% confidence interval 5.33 to 10.03), P<0.001). Of all professional groups, medical staff reported the most negative feelings towards administration (mean VAS-WRITE score of 33.5 (standard deviation 22.9)).

Conclusions
Important differences were reported in typing proficiency between age groups, professions, and medical specialties. Specific groups are at a disadvantage in an increasingly digitalised healthcare system, and these data could inform the implementation of training modules and alternative methods of data entry to level the playing field.
Study protocol for the BRAIN Training Trial: a randomised controlled trial of Balance, Resistance, And INterval training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Valenzuela Trinidad , Coombes Jeff S , Liu-Ambrose Teresa , Mavros Yorgi , Kochan Nicole , Sachdev Perminder S , Hausdorff Jeffrey , Smith Emily C , Hollings Matthew , Hawkins Tess C , Ashley Nicholas J , Feter Natan , Wilson Guy C , Shih Isabel Hui En , Guerrero Yareni , Jiang Jiyang , Wen Wei , Bailey Tom , Stensvold Dorthe , Wisløff Ulrik , Falck Ryan S , Fiatarone Singh Maria 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionEpidemiological evidence suggests that both poor cardiovascular fitness and low muscle mass or strength markedly increase the rate of cognitive decline and incident dementia in older adults. Results from exercise trials for the improvement of cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have reported mixed results. This is possibly due to insufficient exercise intensities. The aim of the Balance, Resistance, And INterval (BRAIN) Training Trial is to determine the effects of two forms of exercise, high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) and high-intensity power training (POWER) each compared with a sham exercise control group on cognition in older adults with MCI.Methods and analysisOne hundred and sixty community-dwelling older (≥ 60 years) people with MCI have been randomised into the trial. Interventions are delivered supervised 2–3 days per week for 12 months. The primary outcome measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months is performance on a cognitive composite score measuring the executive domain calculated from a combination of computerised (NeuroTrax) and paper-and-pencil tests. Analyses will be performed via repeated measures linear mixed models and generalised linear mixed models of baseline, 6-month and 12-month time points, adjusted for baseline values and covariates selected a priori. Mixed models will be constructed to determine the interaction of GROUP × TIME.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the University of Sydney (HREC Ref.2017/368), University of Queensland (HREC Ref. 2017/HE000853), University of British Columbia (H16-03309), and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (V16-03309) Human Research Ethics. Dissemination will be via publications, conference presentations, newsletter articles, social media, talks to clinicians and consumers and meetings with health departments/managers.It is expected that communication of results will allow for the development of more effective evidence-based exercise prescription guidelines in this population while investigating the benefits of HIIT and POWER on subclinical markers of disease.Trial registration numberACTRN12617001440314 Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
Outcomes of a telemedicine smoking cessation programme for heated tobacco product users in Japan: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nomura Akihiro , Ikeda Takaaki , Fujimoto Toshiki , Morita Yusaku , Taniguchi Chie , Ishizawa Tetsuro , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesJapan is one of the largest markets for heated tobacco products (HTPs), and the number of HTP users, including dual users, is growing. However, it is not yet clear whether a telemedicine smoking cessation programme is effective for nicotine-dependent HTP users to quit smoking. We assessed the outcomes of a telemedicine smoking cessation programme in terms of continuous smoking cessation among smokers who had used HTPs compared with those who used exclusively cigarettes.DesignA retrospective cohort study to assess the outcomes of the telemedicine smoking cessation programme provided by Linkage, Japan, comparing the success rates of smoking cessation between exclusively cigarette group (as reference) and HTP user groups (exclusively HTPs or dual use of both cigarettes and HTPs).SettingLinkage telemedicine smoking cessation programme database, covering programme participants in Japan.ParticipantsProgramme participants from between August 2018 and October 2020.Outcome measuresContinuous abstinence rates (CARs) from 9 to 24 weeks (CAR9–24) and 9 to 52 weeks (CAR9–52). Adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% CIs for CAR were calculated to compare the exclusively cigarette group with exclusively HTP and dual use groups.ResultsWe analysed 733 telemedicine smoking cessation programme participants. Exclusively HTP users had higher CARs than the exclusively cigarette group for CAR9–24 (aOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.23; p=0.02) and CAR9–52 (1.09, 0.99 to 1.19; p=0.08). Conversely, dual users had lower CARs than the exclusively cigarette group for CAR9–24 (0.85, 0.76 to 0.95; p=0.004) and CAR9–52 (0.88, 0.79 to 0.97; p=0.01).ConclusionsExclusive HTP users achieved higher CARs, whereas dual users had lower CARs than exclusively cigarette users over short-term and long-term periods. A telemedicine smoking cessation programme may be a reasonable option for exclusive HTP users.