bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ quantification of ribosome number by electron tomography
Authors: El Hankouri Mounir , Nousch Marco , Poddar Aayush , Müller‐Reichert Thomas , Fabig Gunar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRibosomes, discovered in 1955 by George Palade, were initially described as small cytoplasmic particles preferentially associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Over the years, extensive research has focused on both the structure and function of ribosomes. However, a fundamental question – how many ribosomes are present within whole cells – has remained largely unaddressed. In this study, we developed a microscopic method to quantify the total number of ribosomes in hTERT‐RPE‐1 cells and in nematode cells from various tissues of Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites. Using electron tomography of high‐pressure frozen, freeze‐substituted and resin‐embedded samples, we determined that the ribosome number in hTERT‐RPE‐1 cells is in the same order of magnitude as biochemical measurements obtained via RNA capillary electrophoresis. As expected, control worms exhibited a higher number of ribosomes compared to RNA polymerase I A subunit (RPOA‐1)‐depleted worms in two out of three analysed tissue types. Our imaging‐based approach complements established biochemical methods by enabling direct quantification of ribosome numbers in specific samples. This method offers a powerful tool for advancing our understanding of ribosome localisation and distribution in cells and tissues across diverse model systems.
Enhancing Communication and Empathy Skills in Geriatric Care: Nurses' Reflections on Simulation‐Based Training for Patient Interaction and Education
Authors: Mohammed Sobhia Ahmed Abdel Kader , Shaban Mostafa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo explore the impact of simulation‐based training on communication and empathy skills among nurses working with elderly patients in the Abha region of Saudi Arabia. The study also aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to applying these skills in real‐world clinical practice.DesignA qualitative study.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted between June and July 2024 with 17 nurses from urban and rural healthcare settings in the Abha region. Data were analysed using both deductive framework analysis, guided by social support theory, and inductive thematic analysis to identify key themes related to communication, empathy, and the application of simulation‐based skills in practice. We adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist.ResultsThe study involved 17 participants aged 22–50 years, with diverse educational backgrounds and work experience. The findings indicated that simulation‐based training significantly improved nurses' confidence in delivering difficult news and their ability to empathise with elderly patients. Nurses working in urban settings with regular access to simulation training reported better outcomes compared to those in rural settings with less frequent training opportunities.ConclusionSimulation‐based training has a positive impact on enhancing communication and empathy skills among nurses, but challenges in real‐world application remain. Efforts should be made to improve the accessibility of simulation training and address the barriers preventing its effective implementation in clinical practice.Implication for the Profession and/or Patient CareHealthcare practitioners and policymakers should prioritise simulation‐based training in nursing education and professional development to improve the quality of care for elderly patients.Reporting MethodThe Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).Patient or Public ContributionThe engagement and interview data from nursing participants provided valuable insights into the impact of simulation‐based training on communication and empathy in elderly care.
Social jetlag decreases across the lifespan: A prospective big data analysis of objective sleep metrics
Authors: Gottlieb Elie , Gupta Supaksh , Gahan Luke , Raymann Roy J. , Watson Nathaniel F. 
Published: January 2025

SummaryChanges in social zeitgebers across the lifespan affect the interaction between biological and social clocks, potentially contributing to social jetlag. Extant literature suggests a reduction in social jetlag given declining social obligations occurring after retirement, but is limited to self‐reported methods and cross‐sectional designs. Leveraging longitudinal and ecologically valid data from consumer sleep technology, we analysed objective sleep data from 2439 users of the polysomnography‐validated SleepScore mobile application, encompassing 500,415 total nights recorded. We examined the relationship between age as a continuous variable, age as a proxy for retirement status, and social jetlag. Additional linear models were employed to assess the effect of self‐reported chronotype, average reported daily caffeine, alcohol and stress on social jetlag. There was a significant negative association between overall age and social jetlag (β = −0.64, t = −9.90, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.040), such that every 1‐year increase in age corresponded with a 0.64‐min reduction in social jetlag. The inclusion of self‐reported chronotype, stress, caffeine and alcohol increased the explanatory power of our models slightly, but the effect of age remained consistent (β = −0.642, t = −8.91, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.046). Retirement‐aged individuals exhibited nearly 50% less reduction in social jetlag than pre‐retirement (30.6 ± 48.2 min versus post‐retirement: 15.8 ± 41.6 min, p < 0.0001). While social jetlag after retirement was most pronounced for strong evening chronotypes (β = −0.41, t = −2.876, p = 0.004, effect size = −0.4276), pairwise comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences in the slopes between chronotypes (p > 0.05). Thus, social jetlag decreases across the lifespan, and its reduction appears to be amplified post‐retirement even after accounting for behavioural factors.
Characterisation of a Betasatellite Associated With Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Guangdong Virus and Discovery of an Unusual Modulation of Virus Infection Associated With C4 Protein
Authors: Li Zhenggang , Tang Yafei , She Xiaoman , Yu Lin , Lan Guobing , Ding Shanwen , He Zifu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTomato yellow leaf curl Guangdong virus (TYLCGdV), a monopartite begomovirus first identified in 2004, remains poorly characterised. In this study, we demonstrate that TYLCGdV associates with a betasatellite, TYLCGdB, and the βC1 protein encoded by TYLCGdB is essential for symptom development. We also explore the role of TYLCGdV C4 protein by generating a C4‐deficient infectious clone (TYLCGdVmC4), revealing a dynamic role for TYLCGdV C4. Specifically, viral accumulation in TYLCGdVmC4/TYLCGdB‐inoculated plants was significantly lower than that in TYLCGdV/TYLCGdB‐inoculated plants at 7 and 14 days post‐inoculation (dpi), but surpassed that of TYLCGdV/TYLCGdB‐inoculated plants by 25 dpi. Furthermore, although C4 proteins in other begomoviruses typically exhibit one or more of the following properties: (i) suppression of post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), (ii) suppression of transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), (iii) enhancement of pathogenicity in potato virus X (PVX) and (iv) symptom induction when transgenically expressed, TYLCGdV C4 did not exhibit any of these properties. However, the dynamic role of TYLCGdV C4 in viral infection appears to result from its effects on viral DNA methylation. At 7 dpi, the cytosine methylation level in the TYLCGdVmC4 genome was notably elevated compared to that of the wild‐type virus. However, this trend reversed by 14 dpi, with the wild‐type virus exhibiting a higher methylation level. By 25 dpi, the cytosine methylation levels of both TYLCGdVmC4 and TYLCGdV were comparable. These results indicate that TYLCGdV C4 modulates viral infection via an unconventional mechanism. This novel observation highlights the need for further investigation into the diverse roles of C4 proteins in begomoviruses.
Lower Risk of New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Conduction System Pacing Compared With Right Ventricular Pacing
Authors: Li Feng , Zhang You , Huang Jian , Peng Si‐Liang , Jin Meng‐Chao , Geng Chi , Ravi Venkatesh , Sharma Parikshit S. , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi , Li Hui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundConduction system pacing (CSP) has been reported to improve clinical outcomes in comparison of right ventricular pacing (RVP). However, the performance between CSP and RVP on the risk of new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) remains elusive.MethodsFour online databases were systematically searched up to July 1, 2024. Studies comprising the rate/risk of new‐onset AF between CSP and RVP group were included. Subgroup analysis was performed to screen the potential determinants for the new‐onset AF risk for CSP therapy. The pooled risk of new‐onset AF based on ventricular pacing burden (Vp) between CSP and RVP group were evaluated.ResultsA total of six studies including 1577 patients requiring pacing therapy were eligible. The pooled new‐onset AF rates for CSP and RVP group were 0.09 and 0.27, respectively. Compared with RVP group, CSP group showed a lower pooled risk (risk ratio [RR] 0.38, p = 0.000) and adjusted risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.32, p = 0.000) of new‐onset AF. Meanwhile, a significant intervention–covariate interaction for the adjusted risk of new‐onset AF between CSP and RVP group was identified with Vp < 20% and Vp ≥ 20%.ConclusionsOur study suggests that CSP is associate with a significantly lower occurrence of new‐onset AF compared with RVP. The Vp ≥ 20% may be the key determinant on the lower risk of new‐onset AF with CSP therapy.Trial Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023492551, identifier (CRD42023492551)
A Genome‐Wide Association Screen for Genes Affecting Leaf Trichome Development and Epidermal Metal Accumulation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bezvoda Radek , Landeo‐Ríos Yazmín Mónica , Kubátová Zdeňka , Kollárová Eva , Kulich Ivan , Busch Wolfgang , Žárský Viktor , Cvrčková Fatima 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo identify novel genes engaged in plant epidermal development, we characterized the phenotypic variability of rosette leaf epidermis of 310 sequenced Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, focusing on trichome shape and distribution, compositional characteristics of the trichome cell wall, and histologically detectable metal ion distribution. Some of these traits correlated with cLimate parameters of our accession's locations of origin, suggesting environmental selection. A novel metal deposition pattern in stomatal guard cells was observed in some accessions. Subsequent GWAS analysis identified 1546 loci with protein sequence‐altering SNPs associated with one or more traits, including 5 genes with previously reported relevant mutant phenotypes and 80 additional genes with known or predicted roles in relevant developmental and cellular processes. Some candidates, including GFS9/TT9, exhibited environmentally correlated allele distribution. Several large gene famiLies, namely DUF674, DUF784, DUF1262, DUF1985, DUF3741, cytochrome P450, receptor‐Like kinases, Cys/His‐rich C1 domain proteins and formins were overrepresented among the candidates for various traits, suggesting epidermal development‐related functions. A possible participation of formins in guard cell metal deposition was supported by observations in available loss of function mutants. Screening of candidate gene lists against the STRING interactome database uncovered several predominantly nuclear protein interaction networks with possible novel roles in epidermal development.
An Integrated Segmentation Framework Utilizing Mamba Fusion for Optical and SAR Images
Authors: Ma Mengqi , Liu Can , Li Qing , Liu YuZhao , Zhang Dongxu , Dun Yuanbo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSemantic segmentation of multimodal remote sensing images is an effective approach to enhancing segmentation accuracy. Optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images capture ground features from distinct perspectives, offering varied information for ground observation. Effectively fusing these two modalities information and performing multimodal segmentation remains a promising yet challenging task due to their complementary nature and significant differences. The existing methods have the problem of ignoring spatial dimension information and being unable to bridge semantic gaps. However, the proposal of Selective Structured State Space Models (Mamba) provides opportunities for multimodal fusion. Therefore, we propose a segmentation framework based on Mamba fusion of optical and SAR images. The framework introduces a novel fusion module inspired by the principle of Mamba. This module selects effective features from different modalities for cross‐fusion within a global sensing field, facilitating the mutual compensation of optical and SAR image features and reducing the semantic gap. The fused features are then accurately segmented using a decoder that incorporates the Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) technique. On the WHU‐OPT‐SAR dataset, this method outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art deep learning approaches, achieving an overall accuracy (OA) of 84.13%, compared to 76.29% for the Kappa statistic.
Late Cretaceous aeolianites in South China: Implications for palaeowind systems and palaeoclimate
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Li Xianghui , Rasbury E. Troy , Zheng Chenyu , Zhang Chaokai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDespite reports of palaeowind from aeolian deposits across several basins in South China, knowledge of the Late Cretaceous palaeowind system and its associated palaeoclimatic conditions in East Asia remains inadequate. To elucidate the palaeowind system, numerous Late Cretaceous sandstones from 15 basins in South China were studied. Sedimentary features such as reddish orange colour, large‐scale and high angle cross‐beddings, good sorting, Fe‐varnish and impact scars demonstrate that the studied sandstones are aeolian in origin. The widespread occurrence of the Late Cretaceous aeolian deposition in South China suggests extensive aridification at this time. Based on the reconstruction of bedform morphology and dune architecture, these aeolian deposits are identified as (superposed) individual barchan, compound barchans and compound transverse dunes. Over 3000 measurements, corrected for structural tilting, together with published data show a primary dip direction of 0° to 200°. These dip directions reflect palaeowind blowing‐towards directions of 40° to 160°, from which two dominant sets of north‐east ca 70° and south‐east ca 110° are identified. These prevailing wind directions are interpreted to reflect a large regional, perhaps continental‐scale, monsoon system set up by the topographic barrier created by the Cretaceous Coastal Mountain in East Asia. The record of aeolian dunes, spanning ca 90 to 80 Ma (Coniacian–early Campanian), provides insights into the transition from the greenhouse conditions of the mid‐Cretaceous into the cool climate of the Late Cretaceous.
Notification of blood donors who test positive for transfusion‐transmissible infections
Authors: O'Brien Sheila F. , Naicker Kiyuri , Osmond Lori , Holloway Kelly , Drews Steven J. , Bigham Mark , Goldman Mindy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDespite screening procedures, a few blood donors confirm positive for transfusion‐transmissible infections and are deferred. Effective notification of laboratory results is essential to ensure that donors are advised of confirmed results and to seek medical care. Here we report results from post‐notification interviews of Canadian Blood Services donors.Materials and MethodsOver 17 years, 2006–2022, all donors with confirmed positive results for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T‐cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and syphilis were notified by registered mail of their result and advised to see a physician. In a separate communication, all donors were later invited to participate in a scripted interview asking whether they tested positive for an infection; if yes, which one, what their reaction was, whether they consulted a physician and whether public health contacted them. Frequencies of responses were calculated.ResultsOf 2654 donors with confirmed positive test results, 876 (33%) participated; 90% said they were informed of a positive test result. Of these, about a quarter did not know for which infection they were positive. Most were surprised, and some were sad or disappointed. Most saw a physician after notification (77%). About two‐thirds with HBV or HCV said they were contacted by public health, slightly fewer (58%) with syphilis, 27% of those with HTLV.ConclusionMost donors recalled being notified and were aware of their positive test, but details of the infection were sometimes not understood or recalled, and not all donors consulted a physician about the infection.
In vivo calcium imaging reveals directional sensitivity of C‐low threshold mechanoreceptors
Authors: Semizoglou Evangelia , Lo Re Laure , Middleton Steven J. , Perez‐Sanchez Jimena , Tufarelli Tommaso , Bennett David L. , Chisholm Kim I. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractC‐low threshold mechanoreceptors (C‐LTMRs) in animals (termed C‐tactile (CT) fibres in humans) are a subgroup of C‐fibre primary afferents, which innervate hairy skin and respond to low‐threshold punctate indentations and brush stimuli. These afferents respond to gentle touch stimuli and are implicated in mediating pleasant/affective touch. These afferents have traditionally been studied using low‐throughput, technically challenging approaches, including microneurography in humans and teased fibre electrophysiology in other mammals. Here we suggest a new approach to studying genetically labelled C‐LTMRs using in vivo calcium imaging. We used an automated rotating brush stimulus and von Frey filaments, applied to the hairy skin of anaesthetized mice to mirror light and affective touch. Simultaneously we visualized changes in C‐LTMR activity and confirmed that these neurons are sensitive to low‐threshold punctate mechanical stimuli and brush stimuli with a strong preference for slow brushing speeds. We also reveal that C‐LMTRs are directionally sensitive, showing more activity when brushed against the natural orientation of the hair. We present in vivo calcium imaging of genetically labelled C‐LTMRs as a useful approach that can reveal new aspects of C‐LTMR physiology.
imageKey points
C‐low threshold mechanoreceptors are sensitive to the directionality of a brush stimulus, being preferentially activated by brushing against the grain of the hair, compared with brushing with the grain of the hair. This is surprising as brushing against the grain of the hair is considered less pleasant.
In vivo calcium imaging is a useful approach to the study of C‐low threshold mechanoreceptors.
While viral transfection, using systemic AAV9, is effective in labelling most sensory neuron populations in the dorsal root ganglion, it fails to label C‐low threshold mechanoreceptors.
Performance Enhancement of Single Slope Solar Still With Sensible Heat Storage System: An Experimental Investigation Under Climatic Conditions of Northeast India
Authors: Kumar Vishwanath , Das Biplab , Gupta Rajat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study conducts an experimental assessment to investigate the influence of black gravel and cylindrical cement fins as thermal heat storage materials in a single-slope solar still. The trials are performed under the meteorological conditions of North-East, Silchar (24.76°N, 92.80°E), India. The performance of each modification is evaluated experimentally and compared to a conventional solar still (CSS) at three different water depths in the basin: 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm. The study assessed the cumulative distillate output, along with a 4E analysis (energy, exergy, economic, and ecological analyses) of the solar stills. The outcomes show that at a 2 cm water depth, the daily yield and efficiency of the solar still with black gravel (SSBG) are 27% and 18% higher, respectively, when compared to the CSS. Additionally, the solar still with cylindrical cement fins (SSCCFs) achieved the highest daily production of 4462.4 mL/m2 with an efficiency of 41.5%. The cost assessment disclosed that the cost per liter of distillate water produced by SSBG and SSCCF is 18% and 23% lower, respectively, than the CSS at a water level of 2 cm. Moreover, the SSCCF improved carbon credits by 26% and enhanced carbon emission mitigation by 110.87% compared to the CSS at the same water depth. Solar stills equipped with energy storage provide a cost-effective solution for tackling water scarcity.
A Radiation-Based Analytical Model for the Computation of Temperature in the Arc Column of Submerged Arc Additive Manufacturing Process
Authors: Goala Suraj , Joshi Shrikrishna N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Submerged Arc Additive Manufacturing (SAAM) is an advanced Wire Arc-based Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technique known for its uniform deposition structure, high deposition rate, and superior surface finish. However, it is difficult and expensive to experimentally investigate the arc column in SAAM due to its submerged nature under flux. This paper presents an effective alternative: developing a radiation-based analytical model to predict the complex temperature distribution within the SAAM arc column. It focuses on the radiation heat transfer phenomenon since the temperatures attained inside the arc column are beyond the melting temperature of the material involved, and the presence of granular flux and slag intensifies the effect of the same. The model incorporates key input process parameters like wire diameter, stick-out length, current, voltage, and travel speed alongside design parameters like bead width, penetration depth, and material reinforcement. The double ellipsoidal heat source model is the foundation for generating the temperature profile. The predicted temperature profile resembles the double ellipsoid in other arc welding-based additive manufacturing techniques. The model's predictions showed a deviation of approximately 14% from experimental results, validating its effectiveness. Extensive parametric studies were carried out using the developed model. It was observed that longer stick-out lengths dampened temperature variations, while higher currents confined the affected zone further. Increased travel speed reduces the heating and cooling rate, while voltage behaves the opposite way. This analytical approach offers a cost-effective alternative for optimizing process parameters to achieve desired dimensions and deposition quality in SAAM applications.
Complete genome sequence of
Bacillus subtilis
GL-4
Authors: Qin Shaomin , Zeng Wenting , Wei Jue , Chen Fenglian , Ma Ling , Qin Shuying , Lin Jun , Xu Lishi , Zhu Peng , Liu Jinfeng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

A cellulase-producing
Bacillus
was previously isolated from the intestinal tract of domestic bamboo rat and identified as
Bacillus subtilis
GL-4. In this study, we present the complete genome sequence of
B. subtilis
GL-4. The genome is 4,271,214 bp long, with a guanine-cytosine content of 43.45%.
Complete genome sequence of a Bangladesh-developed live-attenuated lumpy skin disease (LSD) vaccine strain
Authors: Samad Mohammed A. , Hossen Anowar , Karim Md. Rezaul , Uddin ASM Ashab , Roy Dipu , Shithi Khairun Nahar , Akter Mst Nazia , Das Taposh Kumar , Selleck Paul , Bulach Dieter M. , Bowden Timothy R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle is managed through live-attenuated vaccines. Bangladesh LSD vaccine was developed from LSD virus isolate Bangladesh LSD-29 by passaging 60 times in cell culture. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Bangladesh LSD vaccine strain.