bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating WBC margination in different microfluidic geometries: influence of RBC shape and size
Authors: Mane Sanjay , Hemadri Vadiraj , Tripathi Siddhartha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhite blood cells (WBCs) reside close enough to the endothelium vascular wall to detect a variety of chemical signals and combat bacterial and viral diseases in the human body. It is vital to understand the phenomenon of WBC margination since it is an essential mechanism in microcirculation which aids fighting infections. Several factors influence WBC margination, including hematocrit (Hct), flow rate, red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, RBC and WBC deformability, and the width of RBC free layer. WBC dynamics is strongly influenced by the presence of RBCs. In this study, we investigate WBC margination by varying the size and shapes of RBCs. The change in size and shape of RBCs is achieved by altering the tonicity of the blood sample. The margination phenomenon is studied at different values of hematocrits (3%–40% Hct) and flow rates (0.2–1μl min−1). The different values of hematocrits is achieved by diluting the whole human blood using normal saline (0.9% NaCl), hypotonic saline (0.45% NaCl), and hypertonic saline (3% NaCl) solutions, respectively. Experiments are conducted using three different geometrical microchannels; straight, curved, and constriction-expansion (CE). The findings of hypotonic and hypertonic saline solutions are compared to the results of normal saline solutions. It is found that hypotonic and hypertonic solutions have minimum effect on WBC margination in a curved channel; however, in the case of straight and CE channel margination improves. When blood cells are diluted with hypotonic saline, WBC margination is shown to be highest in CE microchannels, whereas for straight microchannel, the hypertonic solution provides the best margination. We also report particle dynamics within the microchannel and compare their behavior with experimental results for Hct 3%. This study provides critical information on WBC margination in situations where RBCs deviate from their normal shape and size.
PDMS-polyimide transcutaneous blood gas collector with self-folding out-of-plane heater elements
Authors: Seton Ragnar , Khaji Zahra , Persson Anders 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces and evaluates a novel, highly scalable fabrication technique for folding flexible printed circuit board (PCB) features into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The technique is then used to create fast and effective skin-heaters in a prototype gas collector for transcutaneous blood gas monitoring (TBM), a well-established technique to non-invasively measure the amount of CO2 and O2 in a patient’s blood. Previous studies have shown that TBM can be made safer by heating the patient’s skin with short pulses rather than continuously. Hence, the effects of incorporating a resistive heater with folded heating elements into a PDMS gas collector was investigated and compared to a heater with surface mounted heating elements. The results show that the fabrication technique provides consistent, controllable folding angles using only the surface and viscous forces of the flexible PCB and PDMS. With the investigated design- and material parameters a maximum folding angle of 30° was achieved, resulting in a 2000% increase in initial surface heating compared to an un-folded reference. For the intended application, this corresponds to reducing the time needed to heat the skin of a patient to less than half. The presented fabrication technique is, however, not limited to the application investigated in this paper, but rather offers the possibility to quickly and automatically fold complex structures and circuits into the bulk of the PDMS without introducing any time overhead as the number of features and folds grow.
Quasi-deuterons in light nuclei
Authors: Müther H , Srivastava Praveen C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The role of pairing correlations for nucleon pairs with isospin T = 1 and T = 0 is investigated for ground-states of nuclei in the mass region 12 ≤ A ≤ 42. For that purpose, the two-nucleon densities resulting from nuclear shell-model calculations in one and two major shells are analyzed. Various tools are applied in this analysis including the sensitivity of correlation effects on components of the NN interaction. Significant effects on the resulting energies are observed due to the formation of T = 0 pairs. The formation of quasi-deuterons is maximal for symmetric nuclei with N = Z. The formation of T = 0 pairs is less sensitive to the density of single-particle states close to the Fermi energy than the T = 1 pairing. Therefore the correlations in T = 0 pairs are relevant also for excitations across shell closures. This robustness also explains why T = 0 pairing does not lead to such clear evidence in comparing energies of neighbored nuclei as the ‘odd–even mass staggering’ due to the formation of T = 1 pairing.
Unusually strong electronic correlation and field-induced ordered phase in YbCo2
Authors: Valenta J , Tsujii N , Yamaoka H , Honda F , Hirose Y , Sakurai H , Terada N , Naka T , Nakane T , Koizumi T , Ishii H , Hiraoka N , Mori T 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report the first study of electrical resistivity, magnetization, and specific heat on YbCo2. The measurements on a single-phased sample of YbCo2 bring no evidence of magnetic ordering down to 0.3 K in a zero magnetic field. The manifestations of low Kondo temperature are observed. The specific heat value divided by temperature, C/T, keeps increasing logarithmically beyond 7 J/mol K2 with decreasing temperature down to 0.3 K without no sign of magnetic ordering, suggesting a very large electronic specific heat. Analysis of the magnetic specific heat indicates that the large portion of the low-temperature specific heat is not explained simply by the low Kondo temperature but is due to the strong intersite magnetic correlation in both the 3d and 4f electrons. Temperature-dependent measurements under static magnetic fields up to 7 T are carried out, which show the evolution of field-induced transition above 2 T. The transition temperature increases with increasing field, pointing to a ferromagnetic character. The extrapolation of the transition temperature to zero field suggests that YbCo2 is in the very proximity of the quantum critical point. These results indicate that in the unique case of YbCo2, the itinerant electron magnetism of Co 3d-electrons and the Kondo effect within the vicinity of quantum criticality of Yb 4f-local moments can both play a role.
Synergistic coupling of IrNi/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets with polypyrrole and iron oxyhydroxide layers for efficient electrochemical overall water splitting
Authors: Duan Zhongyao , Zhang Mei , Mao Qiqi , Deng Kai , Yu Hongjie , Wang Ziqiang , Xu You , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The design of electrocatalysts with excellent activity and stability for overall water splitting is highly desirable, and remains a challenge. Constructing heterojunctions onto the same substrate is beneficial for the integration of a water-splitting reaction. Herein, self-supported IrNi/Ni(OH)2@PPy and IrNi/Ni(OH)2@FeOOH are fabricated by coupling polypyrrole (PPy) and iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) on IrNi/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets array, respectively. Benefiting from the nanosheet structure, composition, and heterogeneous interface, the as-constructed IrNi/Ni(OH)2@PPy and IrNi/Ni(OH)2@FeOOH catalysts can efficiently drive the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. Moreover, the electrolyzer consisting of IrNi/Ni(OH)2@PPy and IrNi/Ni(OH)2@FeOOH for water splitting requires only a low cell voltage of 1.49 V to deliver 10 mA cm−2. This study provides a useful strategy for constructing efficient electrocatalysts by synergistic composition modulation and interface engineering.
An easy-to-build optical spectrometer for the Rayleigh scattering investigation of coffee solution
Authors: Dedeler Ayse Pelin , Ozturk Yavuz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Spectroscopy is an essential technique required in numerous analytical fields, yet spectrometers are often expensive instruments. In this study, we present an easy-to-build and low-cost optical spectrometer. The spectrometer is constructed from readily accessible materials including a white LED as the light source, a collimating lens, a cuvette, a slit, a DVD as the diffraction grating, and a webcam. This device is designed to measure the visible light spectra of liquid samples, which could then be processed into transmittance, absorbance, and spectral intensity graphs. We took measurements from several absorbing and scattering samples to evaluate the designed spectrometer. We chose solutions of food colouring as an absorbing medium and instant coffee as a scattering medium. We showed that instant coffee is a very good candidate for Rayleigh scattering experiments, and that the relative concentration of coffee can be investigated by these experiments.
Electron scattering cross sections from NH3: a comprehensive study based on R-matrix method
Authors: Chen Yingqi , Jiang Xianwu , Yao Lufeng , Jiang Wei , Liu Hainan , Zhang Ya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive cross-sectional computation on the electron scattering from NH3 was performed using the frame of the R-matrix method. Cross section sets for total elastic, differential, momentum transfer, total ionization, and electronic excitation are presented. The electron-impact dissociation of NH3 to NH

2

+

H and NH+H2 was considered by summing up the cross sections for the molecular dissociative excitations to the correlated dissociation channels. The reported cross sections for vibrational excitation of NH3 remain controversial and are unable to distinguish the N–H symmetric and asymmetric stretching modes of close frequencies. Here, the excitation cross section for each vibrational mode of NH3 was computed by applying the theoretical approach combining the fixed-nuclei R-matrix method, normal mode approximation and the vibrational frame transformation. The uncertainties of the cross section sets computed in this study were estimated for convenience of use in the plasma modeling.
Formation of a lateral p–n junction light-emitting diode on an n-type high-mobility GaAs/Al0.33Ga0.67As heterostructure
Authors: Dobney C P , Nasir A , See P , Ford C J B , Griffiths J P , Chen C , Ritchie D A , Kataoka M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We have fabricated a device which includes two lateral p–n junctions on an n-type GaAs/Al0.33Ga0.67As heterostructure. A section of the n-type material has been converted to p-type by removing dopants and applying a voltage to a gate placed in this region. Controlled electroluminescence from both of the p–n junctions has been demonstrated by varying the applied bias voltages. An emission peak with a width of

∼

8

nm is observed around 812 nm. The electroluminescence seen from both junctions is considered to originate from the GaAs quantum well layer in the device. The lithographic techniques that we have developed are compatible for further integration of gated quantum devices such as single-electron pumps to build on-demand single-photon sources.
Testing of the tungsten pin dump prototype at the JUDITH 2 testing facility
Authors: Weissman L. , Loewenhoff Th. , Pintsuk G. , Raz R. , Wirtz M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A prototype of tungsten pins beam dump was tested with high
power electron beam at the JUDITH 2 facility. A maximum electron
beam power of 40 kW was applied on a nominal beam spot area of
4 × 4 cm2. This corresponds to the highest achieved
beam power density of 1.4 kW/cm2. Approximately 16% of the
deposited energy was removed by radiation at the highest beam power
values, corresponding to estimated surface temperature of
≈ 3100 K. The results of the irradiation test are
presented. The further improvements of the prototype are
discussed. This result provides an encouraging input for possible
design of a full power beam dump for SARAF Phase II.
Moisture origins of the Amazon carbon source region
Authors: Staal Arie , Koren Gerbrand , Tejada Graciela , Gatti Luciana V 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The southeastern Amazon has recently been shown to be a net carbon source, which is partly caused by drying conditions. Drying depends on a number of factors, one of which is the land cover at the locations where the moisture has originated as evaporation. Here we assess for the first time the origins of the moisture that precipitates in the Amazon carbon source region, using output from a Lagrangian atmospheric moisture tracking model. We relate vegetation productivity in the Amazon carbon source region to precipitation patterns and derive land-cover data at the moisture origins of these areas, allowing us to estimate how the carbon cycle and hydrological cycle are linked in this critical part of the Amazon. We find that, annually, 13% of the precipitation in the Amazon carbon source region has evaporated from that same area, which is half of its land-derived moisture. We further find a moisture-recycling-mediated increase in gross primary productivity of roughly 41 Mg carbon km−2 yr−1 within the Amazon carbon source region if it is fully forested compared to any other land cover. Our results indicate that the parts of the Amazon forest that are already a net carbon source, still help sustain their own biomass production. Although the most degraded parts of the Amazon depend mostly on oceanic input of moisture, further degradation of this region would amplify carbon losses to the atmosphere.
Quantifying airborne fraction trends and the destination of anthropogenic CO2 by tracking carbon flows in a simple climate model
Authors: Pressburger Leeya , Dorheim Kalyn , Keenan Trevor F , McJeon Haewon , Smith Steven J , Bond-Lamberty Ben 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations have increased as a direct result of human activity and are at their highest level over the last 2 million years, with profound impacts on the Earth system. However, the magnitude and future dynamics of land and ocean carbon sinks are not well understood; therefore, the amount of anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions that remain in the atmosphere (the airborne fraction) is poorly constrained. This work aims to quantify the sources and controls of atmospheric CO2, the fate of anthropogenic CO2 over time, and the likelihood of a trend in the airborne fraction. We use Hector v3.0, a coupled simple climate and carbon cycle model with the novel ability to explicitly track carbon as it flows through the Earth system. We use key model parameters in a Monte Carlo analysis of 15 000 model runs from 1750 to 2300. Results are filtered for physical realism against historical observations and CMIP6 projection data, and we calculate the relative importance of parameters controlling how much anthropogenic carbon ends up in the atmosphere. Modeled airborne fraction was roughly 52%, consistent with observational studies. The overwhelming majority of model runs exhibited a negative trend in the airborne fraction from 1960–2020, implying that current-day land and ocean sinks are proportionally taking up more carbon than the atmosphere. However, the percentage of atmospheric CO2 derived from anthropogenic origins can be much higher because of Earth system feedbacks. We find it peaks at over 90% between 2010–2050. Moreover, when looking at the destination of anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions, only a quarter ends up in the atmosphere while more than half of emissions are taken up by the land sink on centennial timescales. This study evaluates the likelihood of airborne fraction trends and provides insights into the dynamics of anthropogenic CO2 in the Earth system.
Optical properties of PVDF-TrFE and PVDF-TrFE-CTFE films in terahertz band
Authors: Kalel Sudarshan , Wang Wei-Chih 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Polymers have enormous potential in the optoelectronic and biomedical fields due to flexibility, biocompatibility, and ease of fabrication. Recent developments in the use of terahertz (THz) waves for biomedical and security applications demand information on the optical properties of the polymers and polymer composites in this region. In the present work, transmission, refractive index (n), and extinction coefficient (k) of PVDF-TrFE (75/25 mol.) copolymer and PVDF-TrFE-CTFE (73/23/4 mol.) terpolymer films with different thicknesses (40 μm, 60 μm, 80 μm) are measured by the THz-TDS system (up to 1 THz). PVDF copolymer and terpolymer films show average transmission of more than 90% irrespective of thickness. The average refractive index of PVDF-TrFE (75/25 mol.) copolymer and PVDF-TrFE-CTFE (73/23/4 mol.) terpolymer films are 1.50 ± 0.04 and 1.45 ± 0.05 respectively. The estimated extinction coefficient is considerably low for both polymer films for frequencies less than 0.6 THz. The average indices for PVDF-TrFE and PVDF-TrFE-CTFE films are close, however, the loss in PVDF-TrFE films is larger than the PVDF-TrFE-CTFE films. High transmission, low loss and ferroelectric properties make these PVDF based polymers highly desirable in light-wave manipulation, flexible electronic and solar devices.
Copper and silver doped in CdTe quantum dots: C. albicans and C. tropicalis antifungal nanomaterials
Authors: Tirado-Guizar Antonio , Pina-Luis Georgina E , Trujillo-Navarrete Balter , Paraguay-Delgado Francisco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Quantum dots based on CdTe and Copper or Silver doped CdTe were used for antifungal against C. albicans and C. tropicalis by microdilution method protocol by CLSI. Pure and doped QDs were characterized by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy which showed sizes between 7.1 and 15.9 nm. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy was carried out to determinate the metal doping in the QDs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was obtained. The pure QDs fungicidal effect at 500 mg l−1 but 10 mg l−1 of 10% Copper doped QDs show fungicidal for both yeast.
A lab-on-chip solution for the detection and suppression of COVID-19 severity
Authors: Laxmi Vijai , Joshi Suhas S , Agrawal Amit 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
At present, the conventional method for detecting COVID-19 infection is reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed on nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal swabs. In addition, other detection techniques such as isothermal nucleic acid amplification, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have also been proposed and are being used. However, these techniques are limited to central hospitals and pathologies. Point-of-care solutions may play an important role in rapid and timely detection by an individual at their doorstep. In addition, the disease adversely affects the functioning of various constituents of human blood. For example, it reduces the platelets count, increases production of proinflammatory cytokine which results in cytokine storm, and increases level of various plasma proteins with the severity of the disease. Therefore, monitoring and transfusion of blood plasma and platelets may play an essential role in detection and suppression of severity of COVID-19 infection. In this regard, we propose evolution of our existing microdevice for the detection and suppression of severity of COVID-19 infection. We propose modification of our microdevice in the following ways (i) as a platelet-rich plasma separation unit, (ii) as an on-chip device to study inter-cellular properties of platelets, and (iii) for on-chip detection of infection by separating plasma. The integration of these microdevices with lateral flow assays, flow-virometry reader (FVR), direct serological biosensor assay along with proprietary technology based on plasmonic, place these microdevices in an advantageous position. Moreover, coupling of the microdevices with machine leaning application for rapid detection of the severity of COVID-19 and platelets related disorders makes these microdevices as a complete unit for point-of-care application.
Stretching mode deformation analysis for an elastomeric encapsulation-assisted stable flexible electronic substrate
Authors: Tripathy Kamalesh , Bhattacharjee Mitradip 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The substrate plays an important role in flexible devices and sensors. In this direction, it is observed that elastomeric encapsulation assists the sensor system to deform successfully under stretching. The encapsulation not only makes it flexible but also protects it from environmental factors and mechanical damage. In this paper, a finite element method analysis is used to study the mechanical effects on the encapsulated system, which provides insight into the design of a stretchable substrate for flexible electronic systems. Here, a serpentine silver electrode is designed on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate, which is then encapsulated by polydimethylsiloxane. With the variation in the ratio of top-to-bottom encapsulation thickness i.e. T
en1: T
en2, the interfacial stress was studied. The mismatch in T
en1 and T
en2 may result in compressive bending strain, which can be avoided by making T
en1 = T
en2. It is observed from the simulation that, there is a spike in von-Mises stress at the interface of the substrate and the encapsulation when stretching mode deformation is applied. Also, this maximum stress varies with the variation in encapsulation thickness. For a range of total encapsulation thickness i.e. T
EN = T
en1 + T
en2 = 30 μm to 100 μm, the optimum thickness is found to be 55 μm, for which the spike in interfacial von-Mises stress is minimum.
System model of neuromorphic sequence learning on a memristive crossbar array
Authors: Siegel Sebastian , Bouhadjar Younes , Tetzlaff Tom , Waser Rainer , Dittmann Regina , Wouters Dirk J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Machine learning models for sequence learning and processing often suffer from high energy consumption and require large amounts of training data. The brain presents more efficient solutions to how these types of tasks can be solved. While this has inspired the conception of novel brain-inspired algorithms, their realizations remain constrained to conventional von-Neumann machines. Therefore, the potential power efficiency of the algorithm cannot be exploited due to the inherent memory bottleneck of the computing architecture. Therefore, we present in this paper a dedicated hardware implementation of a biologically plausible version of the Temporal Memory component of the Hierarchical Temporal Memory concept. Our implementation is built on a memristive crossbar array and is the result of a hardware-algorithm co-design process. Rather than using the memristive devices solely for data storage, our approach leverages their specific switching dynamics to propose a formulation of the peripheral circuitry, resulting in a more efficient design. By combining a brain-like algorithm with emerging non-volatile memristive device technology we strive for maximum energy efficiency. We present simulation results on the training of complex high-order sequences and discuss how the system is able to predict in a context-dependent manner. Finally, we investigate the energy consumption during the training and conclude with a discussion of scaling prospects.