bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The case for Instant Runoff Voting
Authors: Richie Rob , Seitz-Brown Jeremy , Kaufman Lucy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInstant runoff voting (IRV) is an electoral system that produces better elections and more representative outcomes in races with three or more candidates. Used by over 50 American jurisdictions, IRV addresses the challenges of plurality voting in crowded candidate fields. It upholds majority rule, promotes voter engagement, discourages personal attacks, and minimizes strategic voting. IRV is preferable to runoff systems and other proposed single-winner methods. In comparison to runoffs, IRV produces higher, more equitable turnout and reduces costs and demands on voters. In contrast to methods based on rating candidates, voters in IRV elections have incentives to indicate their honest preferences. IRV demonstrates greater political viability and more intuitively fair outcomes than Condorcet methods. For legislative elections, IRV complements the single transferable vote, which is the best way to address the U.S.’s governance and polarization crises, end gerrymandering, and secure fairer representation for all.
Is substrate choice an overlooked variable in ecotoxicology experiments?
Authors: Sinclair Georgia M. , Di Giannantonio Michela , Jones Oliver A. H. , Long Sara M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is crucial to understand the effects caused by experimental parameters such as temperature, light, and food type on lab and field-based ecotoxicology experiments, as these variables, and combinations thereof, can affect results. The type of substrate used in exposure experiments, however, is generally assumed to have no effect. This may not always be correct. The metabolic changes in the freshwater crustacean, Austrochiltonia subtenuis exposed to copper, using three common substrates, gauze; toilet paper; and cellulose were investigated. Substrate alone did not affect survival, but each substrate elicited a different metabolic response and adult and juvenile amphipods had different substrate preferences. Several classes of metabolites were shown to change in response to different substrates and toxicant. These included disaccharides, monosaccharides, fatty acids, and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. The results illustrate that metabolomic responses can differ in response to experimental factors that were previously thought not to be significant. In fact, our data indicate that substrate should be viewed as an experimental factor as important to control for as more well-known confounders such as temperature or food, thus challenging the current paradigm. Assuming substrate type has no effect on the experiment could potentially lead to errors in contaminant toxicity assessments. We propose that ideal good practise would be that all experimental factors should be evaluated for their potential influence on metabolomic profiles prior to contaminant response experiments being undertaken.
Flexible multibody formulation using finite elements with 3 DoF per node with application in railway dynamics
Authors: Pagaimo João , Millan Pedro , Ambrósio Jorge 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFlexible multibody formulations allow the dynamic analysis of mechanisms with slender or thin-walled structures that deform during their operation. However, the majority of the existing flexible multibody methodologies are formulated assuming finite element models featuring 6 nodal degrees of freedom, specifically 3 translations and 3 rotations. This work initially revises the existing flexible multibody methodology in which the modeling of the flexibility is independent of the modeling of the baseline multibody system while ensuring the coupling between the rigid and flexible components. The flexible multibody methodology includes the use of suitable reference conditions, the component mode synthesis, and the virtual bodies methodology. Commonly, solid elements found in finite element software exclusively have three nodal translation degrees of freedom, featuring no explicit angular degrees of freedom. In this work, we propose the enhancement of the existing formulation for a rigid-flexible joint to support the use of virtual bodies rigidly connected to the nodes of solid elements. The computational implementation of the methodology is demonstrated using a benchmark case. The methodology developed in this work is further applied to study the dynamics of a locomotive with a flexible bogie frame. Although not influencing the overall vehicle dynamics, the bogie flexible multibody model allows the evaluation of the PSD of the accelerations in different points of the bogie that are sensitive to structural defects. The comparison of the response of healthy and damaged bogie frames supports the development of tools to monitor the condition of bogie frames during the operation. This development will be explored in forthcoming works, thus expanding the use of flexible multibody methodologies to new applications.
Categorial modal realism
Authors: Brunet Tyler D. P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe current conception of the plurality of worlds is founded on a set theoretic understanding of possibilia. This paper provides an alternative category theoretic conception and argues that it is at least as serviceable for our understanding of possibilia. In addition to or instead of the notion of possibilia conceived as possible objects or possible individuals, this alternative to set theoretic modal realism requires the notion of possible morphisms, conceived as possible changes, processes or transformations. To support this alternative conception of the plurality of worlds, I provide two examples where a category theoretic account can do work traditionally done by the set theoretic account: one on modal logic and another on paradoxes of size. I argue that the categorial account works at least as well as the set theoretic account, and moreover suggest that it has something to add in each case: it makes apparent avenues of inquiry that were obscured, if not invisible, on the set theoretic account. I conclude with a plea for epistemological humility about our acceptance of either a category-like or set-like realist ontology of modality.
The 30-year impact of post-windthrow management on the forest regeneration process in northern Japan
Authors: Li Jing , Morimoto Junko , Hotta Wataru , Suzuki Satoshi N. , Owari Toshiaki , Toyoshima Motoko , Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe frequency and intensity of typhoons are expected to increase over time due to climate change. These changes may expose forests to more windthrow in the future, and increasing the resilience of hemiboreal forests through forest management after windthrow is important. Here, we quantified forest structure recovery using aerial photos and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data after catastrophic windthrow events. Our aims are to test the following three hypotheses: (1) forest structure will not recover within 30 years after windthrow, (2) forest recovery will be affected not only by salvaging but also pre-windthrow attributes and geographical features, and (3) various post-windthrow management including salvaging will drastically alter tree species composition and delay forest recovery. Our results revealed that hypothesis (1) and (2) were supported and (3) was partially supported. The ordination results suggested that more than 30 years were needed to recover canopy tree height after windthrow in hemiboreal forests in Hokkaido, Japan. Salvage logging did not delay natural succession, but it significantly decreased the cover ratio of conifer species sites (0.107 ± 0.023) compared with natural succession sites (0.310 ± 0.091). The higher the elevation, the steeper the site, and the higher the average canopy height before windthrow, the slower the recovery of forest stands after windthrow and salvaging. Scarification and planting after salvage logging significantly increased the number of canopy trees, but those sites differed completely in species composition from the old growth forests. Our study thus determined that the choice and intensity of post-disturbance management in hemiboreal forests should be carefully considered based on the management purpose and local characteristics.
Inappropriate Hospital Admission According to Patient Intrinsic Risk Factors: an Epidemiological Approach
Authors: San Jose-Saras D. , Vicente-Guijarro J. , Sousa P. , Moreno-Nunez P. , Espejo-Mambié M. , Aranaz-Andres J. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundInappropriate hospital admissions compromise the efficiency of the health care system. This work analyzes, for the first time, the prevalence of inappropriate admission and its association with clinical and epidemiological patient characteristics.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and economic impact of inappropriate hospital admissions.Design and ParticipantsThis was a cross-sectional observational study of all hospitalized patients in a high complexity hospital of over 901 beds capacity in Spain. The prevalence of inappropriate admission and its causes, the association of inappropriateness with patients’ intrinsic risk factors (IRFs), and associated financial costs were analyzed with theAppropriateness Evaluation Protocolin a multivariate model.Main Measures and Key ResultsA total of 593 patients were analyzed, and a prevalence of inappropriate admissions of 11.9% (95% CI: 9.5 to 14.9) was found. The highest number of IRFs for developing health care-related complications was associated with inappropriateness, which was more common among patients with 1 IRF (OR [95% CI]: 9.68 [3.6 to 26.2.] versus absence of IRFs) and among those with surgical admissions (OR [95% CI]: 1.89 [1.1 to 3.3] versus medical admissions). The prognosis of terminal disease reduced the risk (OR [95% CI]: 0.28 [0.1 to 0.9] versus a prognosis of full recovery based on baseline condition). Inappropriate admissions were responsible for 559 days of avoidable hospitalization, equivalent to €17,604.6 daily and €139,076.4 in total, mostly attributable to inappropriate emergency admissions (€96,805.3).ConclusionsThe prevalence of inappropriate admissions is similar to the incidence found in previous studies and is a useful indicator in monitoring this kind of overuse. Patients with a moderate number of comorbidities were subject to a higher level of inappropriateness. Inappropriate admission had a substantial and avoidable financial impact.
Can Deliberative Participatory Fora Cure Representation Gaps in France and Germany?
Authors: Blome Agnes , Hartlapp Miriam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe French and the German national parliaments are dominated by highly educated, older, and mostly male politicians. There are growing calls for a more balanced political representation of different social groups. This paper seeks to inform this debate by conceptualizing and measuring representation gaps for women, people of immigrant origin, the working class, and younger age groups in France and Germany and by assessing the potential of deliberative participatory fora to ameliorate underrepresentation. Based on theories of deliberative and participatory democracy, it suggests three criteria these fora must fulfill to potentially balance underrepresentation (descriptive representation in composition, deliberative quality, and coupling to politics) and explores them empirically in four recent cases of deliberative participatory fora: the Grand Débat National and the Convention Citoyenne pour le Climat in France and the Bürgerrat Deutschlands Rolle in der Welt and the Bürgerrat Klima in Germany. We show that significant representation gaps exist for all groups studied. They have been narrowing for women and people of immigrant origin and remain most pronounced for class. Regarding institutional features, our cases fare relatively well in terms of balanced composition and deliberative quality, but the potential to balance representation gaps is seriously limited by a lack of coupling to the political system.
From shops to bins: a case study of consumer attitudes and behaviours towards plastics in a UK coastal city
Authors: Northen Stephanie Lucy , Nieminen Laura Karoliina , Cunsolo Serena , Iorfa Steven Kator , Roberts Keiron Philip , Fletcher Stephen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the use behaviours of plastic items within households is important to enable informed policy development, particularly with the emerging and developing global plastic treaty. A survey of 400 permanent residents in Portsmouth aimed to identify the general trends in single-use plastic product (SUPP) use and disposal, and their personal motivations and barriers to reducing and recycling plastic. This included identifying common influencers of attitudes such as environmental values, situational characteristics, psychological factors and the individual demographic characteristics of residents. Key factors in consumer behaviour were found to be product availability, affordability and convenience. Often, less conveniently recycled plastics more frequently end up in landfill such as films, shopping bags and personal care items. The age of respondents was found to be the most significantly associated demographic with SUPP consumption, reuse and recycling behaviours. Other demographic variables such as a resident’s location within the city, income and vehicle ownership were potential drivers influencing individual attitudes and their incentives towards reducing and recycling their plastic waste. The findings from this study brought to light the importance of effective local plastic governance. This study also identified consumer perceptions and behaviours that could contribute to future holistic plastic policy recommendations.
Comparative study of supracervical hysterectomy between da Vinci SP® surgical system and conventional single-site laparoscopy for uterine fibroid: single center experiences
Authors: Lee Juhun , Hong Dae Gy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to review the surgical outcomes of supracervical hysterectomy using the da Vinci SP® surgical system and conventional single-site laparoscopic surgery for uterine fibroids. This study included 79 patients who underwent supracervical hysterectomy with the da Vinci SP® surgical system and conventional single-site laparoscopy for uterine fibroid between June 2018 and April 2021. All the surgeries were performed by an experienced surgeon. Surgical outcomes and complications were reviewed in both groups. No significant difference was found between the two groups with regards to the patients’ preoperative surgical conditions such as weight of the uterus, history of pelvic surgery, and pelvic adhesion. A significantly longer operation time (p < 0.01) and higher levels of C-reactive protein (p < 0.01) were found in the robotic surgery group; in particular, the uterus-out time was significantly longer (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found in other surgical outcomes such as complication rates and hospital stays. Supracervical hysterectomy using the da Vinci® SP surgical system is comparable to conventional single-site laparoscopy in uncomplicated cases. However, it requires a significantly longer operative time and has a higher inflammatory response.
An experimental focus on learning effect and interaction quality in human–robot collaboration
Authors: Gervasi Riccardo , Mastrogiacomo Luca , Franceschini Fiorenzo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the landscape of the emerging Industry 5.0, human–robot collaboration (HRC) represents a solution to increase the flexibility and reconfigurability of production processes. Unlike classical industrial automation, in HRC it is possible to have direct interaction between humans and robots. Consequently, in order to effectively implement HRC it is necessary to consider not only technical aspects related to the robot but also human aspects. The focus of this paper is to expand on previous results investigating how the learning process (i.e., the experience gained through the interaction) affects the user experience in the HRC in conjunction with different configuration factors (i.e., robot speed, task execution control, and proximity to robot workspace). Participants performed an assembly task in 12 different configurations and provided feedback on their experience. In addition to perceived interaction quality, self-reported affective state and stress-related physiological indicators (i.e., average skin conductance response and heart rate variability) were collected. A deep quantitative analysis of the response variables revealed a significant influence of the learning process in the user experience. In addition, the perception of some configuration factors changed during the experiment. Finally, a significant influence of participant characteristics also emerged, auguring the necessity of promoting a human-centered HRC.
Professionelle Nähe in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Domes Michael , Bahr Marcus , Kist Sebastian 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel gibt einen Einblick in ein Seminarkonzept, das Studierenden Räume der Auseinandersetzung mit der eigenen (professionellen) Haltung eröffnet. Dabei stehen besonders Aspekte von professioneller Nähe und Beziehungsgestaltung im Fokus der Reflexion. Die Beschreibungen von zwei Studierenden lassen die Leser_innen an ihrem persönlichen Entwicklungs- und Reflexionsprozess teilhaben.
Altered binaural hearing in pre-ataxic and ataxic mutation carriers of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Jacobi Heike , Andermann Martin , Faber Jennifer , Baumann Felicitas , Rupp André 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Brainstem degeneration is a prominent feature of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), involving structures that execute binaural synchronization with microsecond precision. As a consequence, auditory processing may deteriorate during the course of disease. We tested whether the binaural “Huggins pitch” effect is suitable to study the temporal precision of brainstem functioning in SCA3 mutation carriers. We expected that they would have difficulties perceiving Huggins pitch at high frequencies, and that they would show attenuated neuromagnetic responses to Huggins pitch. The upper limit of Huggins pitch perception was psychoacoustically determined in 18 pre-ataxic and ataxic SCA3 mutation carriers and in 18 age-matched healthy controls. Moreover, the cortical N100 response following Huggins pitch onset was acquired by means of magnetoencephalography (MEG). MEG recordings were analyzed using dipole source modeling and comprised a monaural pitch condition and a no-pitch condition with simple binaural correlation changes. Compared with age-matched controls, ataxic but not pre-ataxic SCA3 mutation carriers had significantly lower frequency limits up to which Huggins pitch could be heard. Listeners with lower frequency limits also showed diminished MEG responses to Huggins pitch, but not in the two control conditions. Huggins pitch is a promising tool to assess brainstem functioning in ataxic SCA3 patients. Future studies should refine the psychophysiological setup to capture possible performance decrements also in pre-ataxic mutation carriers. Longitudinal observations will be needed to prove the potential of the assessment of Huggins pitch as a biomarker to track brainstem functioning during the disease course in SCA3.
Design and development of a disease-specific clinical database system to increase the availability of hospital data in China
Authors: Liu Mimi , Luo Jinni , Li Lin , Pan Xuemei , Tan Shuyan , Ji Weidong , Zhang Hongzheng , Tang Shengsheng , Liu Jingjing , Wu Bin , Chen Zebin , Wu Xiaoying , Zhou Yi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeIn order to meet restrictions and difficulties in the development of hospital medical informatization and clinical databases in China, in this study, a disease-specific clinical database system (DSCDS) was designed and built. It provides support for the full utilization of real world medical big data in clinical research and medical services for specific diseases.MethodsThe development of DSCDS involved (1) requirements analysis on precision medicine, medical big data, and clinical research; (2) design schematics and basic architecture; (3) standard datasets of specific diseases consisting of common data elements (CDEs); (4) collection and aggregation of specific disease data scattered in various medical business systems of the hospital; (5) governance and quality improvement of specific disease data; (6) data storage and computing; and (7) design of data application modules.ResultsA DSCDS for liver cirrhosis was created in the gastrointestinal department of a 3A grade hospital in China and had more than nine data application modules. Based on this DSCDS, a series of clinical studies are being carried out, such as retrospective or prospective cohorts, prognostic studies using multimodal data, and follow-up studies.ConclusionThe development of the DSCDS for liver cirrhosis in this paper provides experience and reference for the design and development of DSCDSs for other specific diseases in China; it can even expand to the development of DSCDSs in other countries if they have the demand for DSCDS and the same or better medical informatization foundation. DSCDS has more accurate, standard, comprehensive, multimodal and usable data of specific diseases than the general clinical database system and clinical data repository (CDR) and provides a credible data foundation for medical research, clinical decision-making and improving the medical service quality of specific diseases.
The multidimensional prognostic index in hospitalized older adults: practicability with regard to time needs
Authors: Bonnekoh Selma Irmgard , Meyer Anna Maria , Pickert Lena , Schulz Ralf-Joachim , Becker Ingrid , Polidori M. Cristina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is decisive in patient-centered medicine of the aged individual, yet it is not systematically used.

Aim
The aim of this study was to provide precise practice-relevant time expenditure data for the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), a questionnaire-based frailty assessment tool.

Methods
MPI was determined in ninety older multimorbid adults in three geriatric departments (cohorts 1, 2 and 3). The time needed to perform the MPI (tnpMPI) was recorded in minutes. Follow-up data were collected after 6 months.

Results
The median tnpMPI was 15.0 min (IQR 7.0) in the total collective. In the last visited cohort 3, the median was 10.0 min and differed significantly from cohorts 1 and 2 with medians of 15.5 and 15.0 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
These findings indicate, that MPI, as a highly informative frailty tool of individualized medicine, can be performed in an adequately practicable time frame.
Planetary Ethics: Rereading Seyla Benhabib in the Age of Climate Refugees
Authors: Lysaker Odin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the Anthropocene, humans are drastically impacting the Earth system. Though the numbers are disputed, millions of climate refugees might soon appear worldwide due to, for example, rising sea levels. To better tackle these intertwined ecological and migrational crises, I expand on Seyla Benhabib’s theoretical legacy by discerning within it a multidimensional framework containing mutually intersecting moral, legal, and political dimensions. Within this framework, I argue, Benhabib approaches the issue of climate refugees from three different yet supplementary discourses. From her engagement with discourses on cosmopolitanism and global justice, she endorses reforming the Refugee Convention to include climate refugees. From her contribution to discourses on human rights and human dignity, Benhabib opens the door for a human right to the environment to better protect climate refugees. Against the backdrop of her longstanding work to reformulate a feminist and critical-theoretical discourse ethics, I argue, Benhabib puts forward an ecocentric planetary ethics that embraces climate refugees and the rest of nature. In all, I conclude that Benhabib’s legacy demonstrates the need for a multidimensional approach to climate refugees in times of ecocrisis.