bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying high-risk children for dental caries in school settings: A simple predictive model
Authors: Wickramasinghe Danushi , Usgodaarachchi Udaya 
Published: August 2023

Background: Untreated caries in permanent teeth is the most prevalent condition worldwide. Use of a simple, validated caries risk prediction tool will offer a low-cost mechanism to identify high-risk children for targeted preventive programmes.Objectives: To develop and validate a caries risk prediction model for 5-6-year-old Sri Lankan children. Methods: Two case-control studies were done[p1] for model development and validation. Cases and controls were defined as 8-9-year-olds with and without permanent tooth caries respectively. Based on dental records and confirmation by clinical examination, 120 cases and 360 controls for model development, and 100 cases and 100 controls for model validation were selected. Data was collected using dental records and a pretested parental self-administered questionnaire. Risk predictors were identified by logistic regression analysis. Cut-off point was determined by plotting a ROC curve. Results: Four risk predictors were identified: ‘having 5 or more posterior decayed teeth’ (OR= 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0 - 4.4), ‘brushing frequency of once or less’ (OR= 3.5, 95% CI: 2.1 - 6.0), ‘not using fluoridated toothpaste’ (OR= 3.2, 95% CI: 1.8 - 5.6) and ‘consuming more than two snacks containing fermentable carbohydrates in between meals’ (OR= 1.6, 95% CI: 0.9 - 2.9). A 10-point score was developed. Following external validation, a sensitivity of 31% (95% CI: 22.1% - 41.0 %) and a specificity of 87% (95% CI: 78.8% - 92.9 %) was obtained for a cut-off value of 2.5. Conclusion: The model could be used to identify high-risk children, especially in areas with higher disease burdens.[p1]Carried out
CORRELATION OF TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY WITH LIVER IRON CONCENTRATION, AND SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH TRANSFUSION-DEPENDENT THALASSEMIA MAJOR PATIENTS FROM OMAN
Authors: Khan Hammad , Panjwani Vinodh , Al Rahbi Sara , Eltigani Abubakr , Qureshi Rizwan , Unnisa Khaleeq , Sehar Najmus , Mittal Alok , Pathare Anil 
Published: August 2023

Aims: In a cross-sectional study we aimed to assess the correlation between ultrasound transient elastography (TE), serum ferritin (SF), liver iron content (LIC) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2* along with the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score as a screening tool to detect significant liver fibrosis among chronically transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia (TDT) patients.

Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary health center treating TDT patients. Transient elastography was performed within 3 months of Liver MRI T2* examinations at the radiology department. T-test for independent data or Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between groups and Spearman correlation with linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between TE liver stiffness measurements and Liver MRI T2* values along with SF levels.

Results: In this study on 91 patients, the median age (IQR) of the subjects was 33 (9) years and body mass index was 23.8 (6.1) kg/m2. Median (IQR) TE by fibroscan, MRI T2*(3T), Liver iron concentration (LIC) by MRI Liver T2* and SF levels were 6.38 (2.6) kPa, 32.4 (18) milliseconds, 7(9) g/dry wt., and 1881 (2969) ng/mL, respectively. TE measurements correlated with LIC g/dry wt. (rS =0.39, p=0.0001) and with SF level (rS =0.43, P=0.001) but not with MRI T2* values (rS =-0.24; P=0.98).

Conclusion: We observed that in transfusion dependent β thalassemia major patients there was a significant correlation with the TE measured by ultrasound transient elastography, and LIC by MRI as well as SF levels but not with the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score.

Key Words: Serum ferritin; Fibrosis-4; Transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia; Transient elastography; Magnetic resonance imaging
Recurring nocardial mycetoma in an immunocompetent host: A rare case report
Authors: Shivanna Vijaya , Venkatesha D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Actinomycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous infection caused by aerobic bacteria of genus Nocardia. Nocardia species commonly affects immunocompromised patients but can rarely infect immunocompetent individuals. An agriculturist aged about 40 years presented with swelling and multiple sinuses with serous discharge on the left shoulder region. The pus sample yielded Nocardia brasiliensis by conventional culture techniques. We present a rare case of recurring nocardial mycetoma in an immunocompetent person.
Glomus tumor of volar pulp of little finger: A rare presentation
Authors: Shukla Surendra K , Shikalgar Tausif Ahmed A , Kadakia Gaurav 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Glomus tumors are tumors with unknown etiology. Though the most common location is subungual region of distal phalanx of hand, occurrence in the volar pulp region is a rare presentation and less commonly reported. Herewith, we are reporting a case of glomus tumor of the volar pulp region of hand.
A case report of post-traumatic patellofemoral instability managed by newer modification of standard Cambell approach
Authors: Ahmed Parwej , Gupta Rahul , Khan Azad , Siddiqui Areeb Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A case report of management of medial patellofemoral ligament instability in a 15-year-old male with habitual patella dislocation. A 15-year-old patient presented with a complaint of habitual patellar dislocation. He was diagnosed with a case of medial patellofemoral ligament insufficiency; there was a history of direct trauma to the knee 6 years back. Clinical examination showed a critical angle of dislocation of the patella of 15 degrees of flexion. The patient was managed by modification in the standard Campbell approach with lateral slit grafting of vastus lateralis with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction fixed with an interference screw. The patient showed a significant improvement after surgery. Preoperatively stability was checked at an extreme range of motion the stability was satisfactory. In this case, there is no abnormality of knee extensor apparatus or predisposing bony factors; isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction seems effective in treating confirmed patellar instability with the standard Campbell approach (lateral slip grafting of vastus lateralis with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction fixed with interference screw) shows good result and good patient satisfaction.
Giant cell rich lesion at distal end radius in a skeletally immature patient
Authors: Julfiqar Muhammad , Khan Abdul Qayyum , Abbas Mazhar , Sabir Aamir Bin , Siddiqui Yasir Salam , Motiwala Zainab Yusufali , Khan Isna Rafat 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Giant cell tumor has been reported rarely in pediatric age groups and the reported literature incidence varies from 1.8% to 10.6%. This case study is novel because it reports a rare presentation of giant cell tumor (GCT) as progressive pain and swelling in the wrist in a 12-year-old boy. Radiological workup revealed a lytic lesion and further histopathology revealed the presence of multinucleated giant cells thus confirming the diagnosis of GCT. It was managed by local tumor resection and 2-year follow-up had no signs of recurrence with satisfactory ROM at the elbow wrist and forearm with mild valgus at the wrist.
Studying functional and radiological outcome of calcaneum fracture fixation using operative and nonoperative techniques in treatment of calcaneal fractures
Authors: Tank Gyaneshwar , Garg Sahil , Bhati Shivam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Backgroun:
Management of Calcaneum fractures includes non-operative and operative management. Their has been various controversies regarding the same . With this study we have tried to gather the results of operative and non- operative management.

Method:
We conducted a prospective study for a period of 1.5 years to compare operative and nonoperative techniques in the treatment of calcaneal fractures. Patients attending the casualty, outpatient department (OPD), and those who were admitted indoors of SVBP hospital associated with LLRM Medical College and were assigned into two groups based on the treatment given operative and nonoperative treatment from April 2021 to October 2022 and were regularly followed for a period of 1.5 years .Radiological evaluation and functional assessment were done at 6 months and 1 year. The Functional outcome measures were assessed using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale and radiological parameters by means of Bohler’s and Gissane’s angles.

Results:
Forty patients with calcaneal fractures participated in our study. Twenty of them were operated, and 20 patients were treated conservatively with pop cast. Amongst operated cases, radiological Bohler’s angle was restored in 12 cases, and had good functional results at 1 year follow-up, and six cases showed fair results, whereas two patients had poor results (mean Bohler: 20.7; AOFAS: 70.8). Amongst the Twenty cases treated conservatively with pop cast had showed fair results (mean Bohler: 28.2; mean AOFAS: 69.3).

Conclusion:
The overall outcome of operated cases were better than non-operated cases. There is a proportionate relationship between the restoration of Bohler’s and Gissane’s angles and the functional outcome of the patients (SD operative:3.33; SD nonoperative: 1.69; t value: 8.453; P = 0.001). Operative treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures gave good results at 1-year follow-up, provided Bohler’s angle was restored to normal range.
Factors Associated with the Use of Electronic Cigarettes among Youths
Authors: Klinsophon Thaniya , Thaveeratitham Premtip , Waongenngarm Pooriput 
Published: August 2023

Background::
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are rapidly becoming a popular new trend among youths and adolescents. However, there is little information available about the causes of e-cigarette use in youths, especially the mental, belief/attitude, and marketing factors that lead to e-cigarette usage.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with e-cigarette use among youths.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1164 youths, administering a self-report questionnaire relating to the risk factors for e-cigarette usage: individual, family and friends, mental, belief/attitude, and marketing factors. We used logistic regression analysis to examine the factors and their association with e-cigarette use.

Results:
The prevalence of current e-cigarette use was 10.6%, while 19.4% of participants had used e-cigarettes at some time in their lives. History of drug use and attitudes about e-cigarette use (e-cigarettes are not harmful to health, using e-cigarettes can help stop smoking, and e-cigarettes help people improve social skills) were significantly associated with the current use of e-cigarettes. GPAX was a protective factor against current e-cigarette use.

Conclusion:
E-cigarette use is relatively high among youths. We discovered erroneous beliefs and attitudes (misunderstanding or disinformation regarding the harmful effects of e-cigarette use). Interventions to enhance knowledge about e-cigarettes are required for youths to reduce current e-cigarette use.
Motivation to study speech and hearing: A survey of undergraduate students in India
Authors: Lokheshwar Shanmugasundaram , Abhijith Mohankumar , Lokheshwar Anu , Jayaram Mannarukrishnaiah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
India does not have sufficient speech and hearing professionals to cater the large population with communication disorders. Understanding student’s motive to take up professional training in the field of speech and hearing will help administrators and policy makers to strategies to get more students. The study aimed to identify factors that influence students to choose Bachelor of Audiology and Speech-language Pathology (B.ASLP).

Materials and Methods:
A 10-item questionnaire on Google Form was answered by undergraduate students pursuing training in audiology and speech-language pathology from different institutions across India. The responses of the students were analyzed through descriptive statistics.

Results:
In total, 1018 students from 37 colleges responded that they joined speech and hearing programs because the field is related to medical profession (47%); has good career prospects (36.9%); and that it enables them to serve the disabled population (30.4%). B.ASLP was the first choice for study for as many as 48.5% of the students.

Conclusion:
As students in India need to make a major academic decision in their eleventh year of schooling to choose between science, commerce, and arts, the institutes offering B.ASLP must orient and create awareness among high-school students to attract them to the speech and hearing field.
Test–retest reliability of sound-field localization test in normal-hearing children
Authors: Syeda Aisha , Kavassery Nisha Venkateswaran , Jain Chandni 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Traditionally, auditory spatial acuity is assessed using a sound-field localization test that involves the auditory stimuli emitted from array of loudspeakers in a sound-treated room. Although the use of loudspeakers mimics real life environments, its reliability has not been evaluated in children. Thus, the present study examined the test–retest reliability of sound-field localization test in school-aged normal-hearing children.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-four typically-developing children in the age range of 7–12 years (M
age: 9.97 ± 0.88) participated in the study. Localization testing was carried out twice on all the participants using an array of 18 loudspeakers (spaced 20° apart) arranged in a circular form. A 500 ms broadband noise was randomly presented at each azimuth. The overall accuracy and quadrant-specific accuracy scores were compared between the two sessions.

Results:
The Wilcoxon sign rank test results showed no significant difference in overall (P = 0.58) and quadrant-wise accuracy scores between the two sessions. The intra-class correlation (ICC) results also demonstrated a high test–retest reliability (0.91) for the overall localization accuracy score. The results also showed low within-subject variability (5.78%) of overall scores with a minimal response bias of 7.56%.

Conclusions:
The present study’s results show a high test–retest reliability of the sound-field localization test, suggestive of its efficacy in assessing spatial processing abilities in school-aged children. High reliability of the test favors its application in localization assessment in children with spatial hearing disorders.
Biomechanical Behaviour of Abutment Teeth Prepared using the Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique: A Systematic Review
Authors: Manoj Smita Sara , Ravi Radhika , Mithula M. S. , Varghese Kurien 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT) is a protocol in which a vertical tooth preparation is done without margins, elimination of cemento-enamel junction followed by gingitage and an immediate provisional restoration with the aim of adapting the marginal periodontal tissues to a newer crown emergence profile created by the laboratory fabricated prosthesis. However, there is limited documented scientific evidence on this topic.

Purpose:
The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the biological and mechanical behaviour of abutment teeth prepared using the BOPT through a review of documented clinical evidence.

Materials and Methods:
This review followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Using the key words, an electronic search was completed in databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Research Gate and Scopus without placing any restriction on the year of publication. Manual search was also done. The search strategy included articles published until 30 September, 2022. Two investigators independently evaluated the quality of the studies that met the inclusion criteria by applying the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. The lack of consensus was resolved by a third investigator. A fourth investigator provided final data verification and technical support.

Results:
Eight articles that fulfilled the proposed inclusion criteria for the review were selected, which included 1 randomised control trial, 3 prospective clinical studies, 1 longitudinal study, 2 clinical reports and a case report on an extracted tooth. Population or problem, intervention, comparison, outcome format was applicable only to one randomised control trial and three prospective studies. All the studies have shown that the biomechanical behaviour of abutment teeth prepared using the BOPT technique in terms of emergence profile, gingival health, marginal stability and bleeding on probing was similar to the conventional method. However, it was observed that all the articles published had a common author.

Conclusions:
Although a favourable biomechanical behaviour of abutment teeth prepared using BOPT was documented, long-term follow-up studies are required before its implementation.

Clinical Implications:
BOPT can be considered an alternative to the conventional tooth preparation technique. However, long-term clinical research is required for further recommendation.
Study of coagulopathy in preterms
Authors: Baby Denna Ann , Anand M. R. , Preetha Remesh , Vishnu Mohan P. T. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
A lack of evidence surrounding the assessment of coagulation abnormalities in neonates points to an urgent need to have a consensus on normal values based on gestation and postnatal age, so that we can have a consistent practice in treating abnormal clotting profiles.

OBJECTIVES:
The primary objective of this study was to study the incidence of bleeding associated with and without coagulopathy in high-risk preterms using NeoBAT score and prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin clotting time values with a prospective observational study. The secondary objective of this study was to study the incidence of asymptomatic coagulopathy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a prospective observational study conducted in a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit. All high-risk preterms less than 34 weeks were included in the study. The outcome was to study the incidence of bleeding associated with and without coagulopathy.

RESULTS:
The incidence of coagulopathy was 69.8%, whereas that of clinical bleeding manifestation was 6.7%. Of these, 6% was associated with coagulopathy and 0.7% was not associated with coagulopathy. Approximately 63.6% had asymptomatic coagulopathy.

CONCLUSION:
Asymptomatic coagulopathy is a common occurrence in preterms. Most of the coagulopathy may resolve on its own. Fresh frozen plasma administration alone is not protective against clinical bleeding.
Prevalence of the different phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescents and its association to metabolic and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Mendoza Lianne M. , Reyes Lylah D. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent heterogeneous disorder in females. Timely diagnosis and management are important, especially in adolescents; despite this, there is a paucity of data focusing on this group.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the different phenotypes of PCOS in adolescents and identify their association with metabolic and cardiovascular risk.

METHODOLOGY:
All medical records of patients seen at the OPD of a tertiary institution from January 2015 to December 2019 that had a diagnosis of PCOS were reviewed. The data that were extracted included the patient's age, blood pressure at the time of consult, weight, height, signs and symptoms (anovulation and hirsutism), and laboratory results (transvaginal ultrasound, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], and lipid profile). Purposive sampling was done for this study.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of phenotypes A is 31.9%, B at 31.9%, C around 5.8%, and D at 49.6%, respectively. Those Phenotype D adolescents had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.021), while those having phenotype B had significantly higher total cholesterol levels (P = 0.038). No significant differences were noted in the blood pressure, 75 g OGTT, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides among the different PCOS phenotypes.

CONCLUSION:
Adolescents with PCOS have an increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes; however, there is no significant difference when compared across all phenotypes. It was among those having phenotype D that were found to have a BMI classified as overweight, and phenotype B have elevated total cholesterol levels.
Emergence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) producing Enterobacterales from water sources: An impending public health challenge in Adamawa-north senatorial zone, Nigeria
Authors: Tula M. Y. , Enabulele O. I. , Ophori E. A. , Okojie R. O. , Joel F. 
Published: August 2023

Background: The emergence of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) among Enterobacterales in water sources has raised a major public health concern and constitute critical threat to human health as these organisms exhibits high level of resistance to available potent antibiotics. The aim of this study is to detect the presence of NDM-1 gene among carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) isolates from water sources.
Methodology: A total of 256 water samples were collected from randomly selected hand-dug wells (128 samples) and river/stream (128 samples) for each of dry and rainy seasons in four out of the five local government areas (LGAs) of Adamawa-north senatorial zone, Nigeria. The water samples were filtered using membrane filtration technique and the filters introduced into appropriate bacteriologic media for bacterial growth. The bacterial isolates recovered were identified by both phenotypic and molecular protocols. Phenotypic carbapenem (imipenem) resistance was determined by disc diffusion test, blaNDM-1 gene was detected by specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, and plasmid DNA was extracted and electrophoresed by standard procedure.
Results: Of the 256 water samples analyzed for bacteria growth, 300 bacterial isolates of the order Enterobacterales were recovered. Of these, only 45 (12.6%) isolates were phenotypically resistant to carbapenem (imipenem) antibiotic and blaNDM-1 gene was detected in 30 (66.7%) of these. While blaNDM-1 gene was detected in all the isolates of Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella variicola, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter hormaechei, Enterobacter asburiae, Citrobacter freundii, and Morganella morganii that were resistant to imipenem, other isolates harbored blaNDM-1 gene in varying proportion. Most of the isolates positive for blaNDM-1 also harbored R-plasmids.
Conclusion: Emergence of carbapenem resistance mediated by NDM-1 gene in Enterobacterales isolated from water sources constitutes an emerging public health challenge with potential transmission to humans, thereby complicating the treatment of infections caused by these resistant pathogens in man. As such, the urgent need for antimicrobial surveillance and stewardship is of utmost importance.