bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synapsid tracks with skin impressions illuminate the terrestrial tetrapod diversity in the earliest Permian of equatorial Pangea
Authors: Calábková Gabriela , Březina Jakub , Nosek Vojtěch , Madzia Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLower Permian deposits of the Boskovice Basin in the Czech Republic have long been renowned for extraordinarily abundant specimens of discosauriscid seymouriamorphs, some of which showing exceptional preservation, including widespread soft tissues. The only other tetrapods from the strata are represented by rare temnospondyls. However, recent fieldwork in the Asselian (lowermost Permian) of the Boskovice Basin has yielded a diverse assemblage of tetrapod tracks, illuminating a hidden terrestrial tetrapod diversity. Here, we describe well-preserved isolated tracks, manus-pes couples, and a slab with trackways composed of approximately 20 tracks in at least four different directions belonging to early-diverging, or ‘pelycosaur-grade’, synapsids. The material originates from three localities situated within the Letovice and Padochov formations and is assignable to the ichnotaxon Dimetropus. The best-preserved specimen further shows rare skin impressions, which have not been observed from the hands or feet of early-diverging mammal-line amniotes before. The new material adds to the scarce record of synapsids from the Carboniferous/Permian transitional interval of equatorial Pangea. At the same time, it highlights the significance of the ichnological record of the Boskovice Basin which has long been neglected despite offering evidence for the presence of diverse faunal components that have not been reported from these basinal deposits before.
Novel methods for coupled prediction of extreme wind speeds and wave heights
Authors: Gaidai Oleg , Xing Yihan , Xu Xiaosen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTwo novel methods are being outlined that, when combined, can be used for spatiotemporal analysis of wind speeds and wave heights, thus contributing to global climate studies. First, the authors provide a unique reliability approach that is especially suited for multi-dimensional structural and environmental dynamic system responses that have been numerically simulated or observed over a substantial time range, yielding representative ergodic time series. Next, this work introduces a novel deconvolution extrapolation technique applicable to a wide range of environmental and engineering applications. Classical reliability approaches cannot cope with dynamic systems with high dimensionality and responses with complicated cross-correlation. The combined study of wind speed and wave height is notoriously difficult, since they comprise a very complex, multi-dimensional, non-linear environmental system. Additionally, global warming is a significant element influencing ocean waves throughout the years. Furthermore, the environmental system reliability method is crucial for structures working in any particular region of interest and facing actual and often harsh weather conditions. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach by applying it to the concurrent prediction of wind speeds and wave heights from NOAA buoys in the North Pacific. This study aims to evaluate the state-of-the-art approach that extracts essential information about the extreme responses from observed time histories.
Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen stocks and CO2 emissions in top- and subsoils with contrasting management regimes in semi-arid environments
Authors: Okolo Chukwuebuka C. , Gebresamuel Girmay , Zenebe Amanuel , Haile Mitiku , Orji Jephter E. , Okebalama Chinyere B. , Eze Chinedu E. , Eze Emmanuel , Eze Peter N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents and stocks, CO2emissions and selected soil properties in croplands, grazing lands, exclosures and forest lands of semi-arid Ethiopia. Sampling was done at 0–30, 30–60 and 60–90 cm soil depths and concentration and stocks of SOC, TN and selected soil properties were determined using standard routine laboratory procedures. There were variations in distribution of SOC and TN stock over 90 cm depth across land use types and locations, decreasing from topsoils to subsoil, with average values ranging from 48.68 Mg C ha−1and 4.80 Mg N ha−1in Hugumburda cropland to 303.53 Mg C ha−1and 24.99 Mg N ha−1in Desa’a forest respectively. Forest sequestered significant higher SOC and TN stock, decreasing with depth, compared with other land use types. In Desa'a and Hugumburda, the conversion of forest to cropland resulted in a total loss of SOC stock of 9.04 Mg C ha−1and 2.05 Mg C ha−1, respectively, and an increase in CO2emission of 33.16 Mg C ha−1and 7.52 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The establishment of 10 years (Geregera) and 6 years (Haikihelet) exclosures on degraded grazing land increased SOC stock by 13% and 37% respectively.
Resilience of soybean cultivars to drought stress during flowering and early-seed setting stages
Authors: Poudel Sadikshya , Vennam Ranadheer Reddy , Shrestha Amrit , Reddy K. Raja , Wijewardane Nuwan K. , Reddy Krishna N. , Bheemanahalli Raju 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDrought stress during the reproductive stage and declining soybean yield potential raise concerns about yield loss and economic return. In this study, ten cultivars were characterized for 20 traits to identify reproductive stage (R1–R6) drought-tolerant soybean. Drought stress resulted in a marked reduction (17%) in pollen germination. The reduced stomatal conductance coupled with high canopy temperature resulted in reduced seed number (45%) and seed weight (35%). Drought stress followed by rehydration increased the hundred seed weight at the compensation of seed number. Further, soybean oil decreased, protein increased, and cultivars responded differently under drought compared to control. In general, cultivars with high tolerance scores for yield displayed lower tolerance scores for quality content and vice versa. Among ten cultivars, LS5009XS and G4620RX showed maximum stress tolerance scores for seed number and seed weight. The observed variability in leaf reflectance properties and their relationship with physiological or yield components suggested that leaf-level sensing information can be used for differentiating drought-sensitive soybean cultivars from tolerant ones. The study led to the identification of drought-resilient cultivars/promising traits which can be exploited in breeding to develop multi-stress tolerant cultivars.
Determinants of early neonatal mortality (hospital based retrospective cohort study in Somali region of Ethiopia)
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Tahir , Farah Abdifatah Elmi , Ali Hussein Nooh , Ibrahim Muse Obsiye 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEarly neonatal mortality occurs when a newborn dies within the first seven days of life. Despite interventions, neonatal mortality remains public health problem over time in Ethiopia (33 per 1000 live births). Determinants varies on level of neonatal mortality. The study's goal was to determine magnitude of early newborn death, as well as its determinants and causes in Newborn Intensive Care Unit of Referral hospital in Ethiopia's Somali region. Health facility based retrospective study review was conducted between May 2019 to May 2021 in Shiek Hassan Yabare Referral Hospital of Jigjiga University of Ethiopia. All neonates admitted at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with complete data and get registered using the new NICU registration book from May 2019 to May 2021 were included. Kobo toolkit was used for data collection and analyzed in SPSS 20. The magnitude of early neonatal mortality rate was defined as death between 0 and 7 days. Logistic regression model was used to estimate maternal and neonatal characteristics as a determinant variables on neonatal mortality. The statistical significance was considered at P-value < 0.05. The magnitude of early neonatal mortality rate of Ethiopia’s Somali region is estimated to be 130 per 1000 live births—that is say 130 newborn couldn’t celebrate their seventh day in every 1000 live births. Hypothermia, prematurity, maternal death at birth and shorter length of stay in NICU were increasing the chance of neonatal mortality at early stage while neonatal resuscitation had shown protective effect against neonatal mortality. Similarly birth asphyxia, preterm, sepsis, and congenital abnormalities were major causes of admission and death in the NICU. The magnitude of early neonatal mortality is considerable and most of the determinants are preventable. Enhancing quality of intra-partum and NICU care including infection prevention, managing hypothermia and neonatal resuscitation as per the national standard within the first golden hour is key.
Reprogramming of fibroblast cells to totipotent state by DNA demethylation
Authors: Ghazimoradi Mohammad H. , Hasegawa Kouichi , Zolghadr Ehsan , Montazeri Samaneh , Farivar Shirin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany attempts have been made to induce high-quality embryonic stem cells such as pluripotent stem cells and totipotent stem cells, but challenges remain to be overcome such as appropriate methods and sources. Demethylation of the genome after fertilization is an important step to initiate zygote gene activation, which can lead to the development of new embryos. Here, we tried to induce totipotent stem cells by mimicking DNA demethylation patterns of the embryo. Our data showed, after induction of DNA demethylation via chemicals or knockdown of Dnmts, cells positive for Nanog, and Cdx2 emerged. These cells could differentiate into the pluripotent and trophoblast lineage cells in-vitro. After transferring these cells to the uterus, they can implant and form embryo-like structures. Our study showed the importance of DNA demethylation roles in totipotent stem cell induction and a new and easy way to induce this cell type.
Variability of trunk muscle synergies underlying the multidirectional movements and stability trunk motor tasks in healthy individuals
Authors: Saito Hiroki , Yokoyama Hikaru , Sasaki Atsushi , Matsushita Kazuya , Nakazawa Kimitaka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMuscle synergy analysis is useful for investigating trunk coordination patterns based on the assumption that the central nervous system reduces the dimensionality of muscle activation to simplify movement. This study aimed to quantify the variability in trunk muscle synergy during various trunk motor tasks in healthy participants to provide reference data for evaluating trunk control strategies in patients and athletes. Sixteen healthy individuals performed 11 trunk movement and stability tasks with electromyography (EMG) recording of their spinal and abdominal muscles (6 bilaterally). Non-negative matrix factorization applied to the concatenated EMG of all tasks identified the five trunk muscle synergies (W) with their corresponding temporal patterns (C). The medians of within-cluster similarity defined by scalar products in W and rmax coefficient using the cross-correlation function in C were 0.73–0.86 and 0.64–0.75, respectively, while the inter-session similarities were 0.81–0.96 and 0.74–0.84, respectively. However, the lowest and highest values of both similarity indices were broad, reflecting the musculoskeletal system’s redundancy within and between participants. Furthermore, the significant differences in the degree of variability between the trunk synergies may represent the different neural features of synergy organization and strategies to overcome the various mechanical demands of a motor task.
Extreme βHCG levels in first trimester screening are risk factors for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes
Authors: Younesi Sarang , Eslamian Laleh , Khalafi Nikta , Taheri Amin Mohammad Mahdi , Saadati Pourandokht , Jamali Soudabeh , Balvayeh Payam , Modarressi Mohammad-Hossein , Savad Shahram , Amidi Saloomeh , Delshad Saeed , Navidpour Fariba , Yazdani Bahareh , Aasdi Fatemeh , Chagheri Samira , Mohammadi Yalda , Marsoosi Vajiheh , Jamal Ashraf , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultiples of the normal median (MoM) of free βHCG is a valuable parameter in evaluation of risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In the current retrospective study, we assessed the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women having free βHCG MoM levels < 0.2 or > 5 in their first trimester screening (FTS). Relative risk of trisomy 21 was significantly higher in patients having free βHCG MoM > 5. On the other hand, relative risk of trisomies 13 and 18 and Turner syndrome were higher in those having free βHCG MoM < 0.2. Other chromosomal abnormalities were nearly equally detected between those having free βHCG MoM < 0.2 or > 5. Relative risk of hydrocephaly and hydrops fetalis was higher when free βHCG MoM was below 0.2. On the other hand, relative risk of low birth weight was higher when free βHCG MoM was above 5. Moreover, frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, preterm delivery and vaginal bleeding increased with levels of free βHCG MoM. However, polyhydramnios had the opposite trend. Frequencies of premature rupture of membranes and pregnancy induced hypertension were highest among pregnant women having levels of free βHCG MoM < 0.2. The current study indicates importance of free βHCG MoM in identification of at-risk pregnancies in terms of both fetal and maternal outcomes. In fact, βHCG MoM < 0.2 or > 5 can be regarded as risk factors for adverse maternal or fetal outcomes irrespective of the presence of other abnormalities in the FTS results.
Filamentous structures in the cell envelope are associated with bacteroidetes gliding machinery
Authors: Shibata Satoshi , Tahara Yuhei O. , Katayama Eisaku , Kawamoto Akihiro , Kato Takayuki , Zhu Yongtao , Nakane Daisuke , Namba Keiichi , Miyata Makoto , McBride Mark J. , Nakayama Koji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes move on solid surfaces, called gliding motility. In our previous study with the Bacteroidetes gliding bacterium Flavobacterium johnsoniae, we proposed a helical loop track model, where adhesive SprB filaments are propelled along a helical loop on the cell surface. In this study, we observed the gliding cell rotating counterclockwise about its axis when viewed from the rear to the advancing direction of the cell and revealed that one labeled SprB focus sometimes overtook and passed another SprB focus that was moving in the same direction. Several electron microscopic analyses revealed the presence of a possible multi-rail structure underneath the outer membrane, which was associated with SprB filaments and contained GldJ protein. These results provide insights into the mechanism of Bacteroidetes gliding motility, in which the SprB filaments are propelled along tracks that may form a multi-rail system underneath the outer membrane. The insights may give clues as to how the SprB filaments get their driving force.
TRIM24 controls induction of latent HIV-1 by stimulating transcriptional elongation
Authors: Horvath Riley M. , Dahabieh Matthew , Malcolm Tom , Sadowski Ivan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBinding of USF1/2 and TFII-I (RBF-2) at conserved sites flanking the HIV-1 LTR enhancer is essential for reactivation from latency in T cells, with TFII-I knockdown rendering the provirus insensitive to T cell signaling. We identified an interaction of TFII-I with the tripartite motif protein TRIM24, and these factors were found to be constitutively associated with the HIV-1 LTR. Similar to the effect of TFII-I depletion, loss of TRIM24 impaired reactivation of HIV-1 in response to T cell signaling. TRIM24 deficiency did not affect recruitment of RNA Pol II to the LTR promoter, but inhibited transcriptional elongation, an effect that was associated with decreased RNA Pol II CTD S2 phosphorylation and impaired recruitment of CDK9. A considerable number of genomic loci are co-occupied by TRIM24/TFII-I, and we found that TRIM24 deletion caused altered T cell immune response, an effect that is facilitated by TFII-I. These results demonstrate a role of TRIM24 for regulation of transcriptional elongation from the HIV-1 promoter, through its interaction with TFII-I, and by recruitment of P-TEFb. Furthermore, these factors co-regulate a significant proportion of genes involved in T cell immune response, consistent with tight coupling of HIV-1 transcriptional activation and T cell signaling.
How does precursor RNA structure influence RNA processing and gene expression?
Authors: Herbert Austin , Hatfield Abigail , Lackey Lela 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRNA is a fundamental biomolecule that has many purposes within cells. Due to its single-stranded and flexible nature, RNA naturally folds into complex and dynamic structures. Recent technological and computational advances have produced an explosion of RNA structural data. Many RNA structures have regulatory and functional properties. Studying the structure of nascent RNAs is particularly challenging due to their low abundance and long length, but their structures are important because they can influence RNA processing. Precursor RNA processing is a nexus of pathways that determines mature isoform composition and that controls gene expression. In this review, we examine what is known about human nascent RNA structure and the influence of RNA structure on processing of precursor RNAs. These known structures provide examples of how other nascent RNAs may be structured and show how novel RNA structures may influence RNA processing including splicing and polyadenylation. RNA structures can be targeted therapeutically to treat disease.
The dynamic relaxation form finding method aided with advanced recurrent neural network
Authors: Zhao Liming , Sun Zhongbo , Liu Keping , Zhang Jiliang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow to establish a self‐equilibrium configuration is vital for further kinematics and dynamics analyses of tensegrity mechanism. In this study, for investigating tensegrity form‐finding problems, a concise and efficient dynamic relaxation‐noise tolerant zeroing neural network (DR‐NTZNN) form‐finding algorithm is established through analysing the physical properties of tensegrity structures. In addition, the non‐linear constrained optimisation problem which transformed from the form‐finding problem is solved by a sequential quadratic programming algorithm. Moreover, the noise may produce in the form‐finding process that includes the round‐off errors which are brought by the approximate matrix and restart point calculating course, disturbance caused by external force and manufacturing error when constructing a tensegrity structure. Hence, for the purpose of suppressing the noise, a noise tolerant zeroing neural network is presented to solve the search direction, which can endow the anti‐noise capability to the form‐finding model and enhance the calculation capability. Besides, the dynamic relaxation method is contributed to seek the nodal coordinates rapidly when the search direction is acquired. The numerical results show the form‐finding model has a huge capability for high‐dimensional free form cable‐strut mechanisms with complicated topology. Eventually, comparing with other existing form‐finding methods, the contrast simulations reveal the excellent anti‐noise performance and calculation capacity of DR‐NTZNN form‐finding algorithm.
Multi‐granularity re‐ranking for visible‐infrared person re‐identification
Authors: Wang Yadi , Zhang Hongyun , Miao Duoqian , Pedrycz Witold 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVisible‐infrared person re‐identification (VI‐ReID) is a supplementary task of single‐modality re‐identification, which makes up for the defect of conventional re‐identification under insufficient illumination. It is more challenging than single‐modality ReID because, in addition to difficulties in pedestrian posture, camera shooting angle and background change, there are also difficulties in the cross‐modality gap. Existing works only involve coarse‐grained global features in the re‐ranking calculation, which cannot effectively use fine‐grained features. However, fine‐grained features are particularly important due to the lack of information in cross‐modality re‐ID. To this end, the Q‐center Multi‐granularity K‐reciprocal Re‐ranking Algorithm (termed QCMR) is proposed, including a Q‐nearest neighbour centre encoder (termed QNC) and a Multi‐granularity K‐reciprocal Encoder (termed MGK) for a more comprehensive feature representation. QNC converts the probe‐corresponding modality features into gallery corresponding modality features through modality transfer to narrow the modality gap. MGK takes a coarse‐grained mutual nearest neighbour as the dominant and combines a fine‐grained nearest neighbour as a supplement for similarity measurement. Extensive experiments on two widely used VI‐ReID benchmarks, SYSU‐MM01 and RegDB have shown that our method achieves state‐of‐the‐art results. Especially, the mAP of SYSU‐MM01 is increased by 5.9% in all‐search mode.
A clutter suppression algorithm via subspace‐weighted mixed‐norm minimisation
Authors: Wang Degen , Wang Tong , Cui Weichen , Zhang Xinying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpace‐time adaptive processing (STAP) struggles to effectively suppress clutter in the heterogeneous clutter environment due to the lack of training samples. In order to enhance clutter suppression performance of STAP, a subspace‐weighted mixed‐norm minimisation approach is given. First, a roughly estimated clutter subspace is obtained using the subspace augment (SA) approach. The weight vector is then designed using the association between the dictionary matrix and the noise subspace, allowing the algorithm to penalise sparse coefficients democratically. Finally, in order to solve the subspace‐weighted mixed‐norm minimisation problem, we derive a fast algorithm based on the alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) framework. The proposed algorithm does not require iteratively updating the weight vector in contrast to the iterative re‐weighted (IRL1) algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of computational efficiency and clutter suppression performance.