bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Adolescent and Adult Males With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L , Adriaansen Bas P H , Falhammar Henrik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency results in severe cortisol and aldosterone deficiency, leading to persistent adrenal stimulation and excess production of ACTH and adrenal androgens. This review examines the clinical considerations and challenges of balancing under- and overtreatment with glucocorticoids in adolescent and adult male individuals with CAH. Adolescents face many unique challenges that can hinder adherence, hormonal control, and transition to independence. Thus, patient education is critical during adolescence, especially in poorly controlled postpubertal males who lack obvious symptoms and may not recognize the long-term consequences of nonadherence, such as reduced final height, reduced reproductive health, poor bone health, obesity, and hypertension. The risk of subfertility/infertility begins early, especially in males with poor hormonal control, who often have reduced sperm counts, small testes, and benign tumors called testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs). Even males with good hormonal control can experience subfertility/infertility due to TARTs. In addition, several factors such as hypogonadism and long-term glucocorticoid treatment can predispose males with CAH to poor bone health (eg, low bone mineral density, increased risk of osteoporosis/osteopenia and fractures) and metabolic syndrome (eg, obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension). Regular monitoring is recommended, with glucocorticoid dose optimization and prophylactic treatment to maximize future fertility potential and protect long-term bone health. Early implementation of lifestyle interventions and medical treatment are needed to address cardiometabolic consequences.
Estimating the impact of school closures on the COVID-19 dynamics in 74 countries: A modelling analysis
Authors: Ragonnet Romain , Hughes Angus E. , Shipman David S. , Meehan Michael T. , Henderson Alec S. , Briffoteaux Guillaume , Melab Nouredine , Tuyttens Daniel , McBryde Emma S. , Trauer James M. 
Published: January 2025

Background
School closures have been a prominent component of the global Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) response. However, their effect on viral transmission, COVID-19 mortality and health care system pressure remains incompletely understood, as traditional observational studies fall short in assessing such population-level impacts.

Methods and findings
We used a mathematical model to simulate the COVID-19 epidemics of 74 countries, incorporating observed data from 2020 to 2022 and historical school closure timelines. We then simulated a counterfactual scenario, assuming that schools remained open throughout the study period. We compared the simulated epidemics in terms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, deaths, and hospital occupancy pressure. We estimated that school closures achieved moderate to significant burden reductions in most settings over the period 2020 to 2022. They reduced peak hospital occupancy pressure in nearly all countries, with 72 out of 74 countries (97%) showing a positive median estimated effect, and median estimated effect ranging from reducing peak hospital occupancy pressure by 89% in Brazil to increasing it by 19% in Indonesia. The median estimated effect of school closures on COVID-19 deaths ranged from a 73% reduction in Thailand to a 7% increase in the United Kingdom. We estimated that school closures may have increased overall COVID-19 mortality (based on median estimates) in 9 countries (12%), including several European nations and Indonesia. This is attributed to changes in population-level immunity dynamics, leading to a concentration of the epidemic during the Delta variant period, alongside an upward shift in the age distribution of infections. While our estimates were associated with significant uncertainty, our sensitivity analyses exploring the impact of social mixing assumptions revealed robustness in our country-specific conclusions. The main study limitations include the fact that analyses were conducted at the national level, whereas school closure policies often varied by region. Furthermore, some regions, including Africa, were underrepresented due to insufficient data informing the model.

Conclusions
Our analysis revealed nuanced effects of school closures on COVID-19 dynamics, with reductions in COVID-19 impacts in most countries but negative epidemiological effects in a few others. We identified critical mechanisms for consideration in future policy decisions, highlighting the unpredictable nature of emerging variants and potential shifts in infection demographics associated with school closures.
Longitudinal observational (single cohort) study on the causes of trypanocide failure in cases of African animal trypanosomosis in cattle near wildlife protected areas of Northern Tanzania
Authors: Richards Shauna , Pagnossin Davide , Buyugu Paul Samson , Manangwa Oliver , Mramba Furaha , Sindoya Emmanuel , Paxton Edith , Torr Steve J. , Ritchie Ryan , Rossi Giovanni E. , Anyanwu Lawrence Nnadozie , Barrett Michael P. , Morrison Liam J. , Auty Harriet 
Published: January 2025

African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) in cattle is primarily managed through trypanocide administration and insecticide application. Trypanocides can be used for both treatment and prophylaxis, but failure is often reported; this may occur due to resistance, substandard drugs, or inappropriate administration. This study in Tanzania aims to quantify reasons for trypanocide failure. An observational year-long longitudinal study was conducted in high-risk AAT areas in Serengeti District between June 2021-October 2022. Purposive sampling targeted herds with high utilization of the prophylactic trypanocide isometamidium chloride (ISM). When a farmer administered a trypanocide (ISM, diminazine aceturate, homidium), the project veterinarian assessed administration and treatment outcomes were determined based on PCR results from blood samples. A multivariable mixed model was utilized to evaluate risk factors for prophylaxis failure. Quality analysis was performed on trypanocide samples using High Performance Liquid Chromatography.
A total of 630 cattle from 21 farms were monitored for a year-long period. A total of 295 trypanocide administrations were reported, predominantly being ISM (56%) used for prophylaxis (87%). One-third of trypanocide administrations were not given adequately, and many trypanocides were given to animals that tested negative for trypanosome infections by PCR. Failures occurred in 7% (95% CI 3.0–14%) of curative treatments, and 44% (95% CI 35–42%) of prophylactic administrations. The brand of ISM was significantly associated with odds of prophylaxis failure (p = 0.011). On quality analysis, two ISM samples had no detectable ISM isomers, but the remainder of ISM and DA samples (n = 46) fell within the range of acceptable levels. Drug counterfeiting, inadequate use of trypanocides, and resistance are all contributing to trypanocide failure, limiting effective AAT control and with implications for human disease risk. In order to curb trypanocide failure a multi-modal approach to managing the use of trypanocides is required to address all contributing factors.
A human pathogenic hantavirus circulates and is shed in taxonomically diverse rodent reservoirs
Authors: Goodfellow Samuel M. , Nofchissey Robert A. , Ye Chunyan , Banther-McConnell Jaecy K. , Suriyamongkol Thanchira , Cook Joseph A. , Dunnum Jonathan L. , Mali Ivana , Bradfute Steven B. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Orthohantaviruses are negative-sense RNA viruses that can cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in humans. In the United States, Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV) is the primary cause of HCPS, with a fatality rate of 36% and most cases occuring in the southwestern states. The western deer mouse, Peromyscus sonoriensis, is the primary reservoir for SNV; however, it remains unclear if alternative reservoirs exist.

Results
We conducted an extensive survey of SNV genetic prevalence in wild-caught small mammal communities throughout New Mexico and observed that 27% of all animals were positive for SNV. Through longitudinal trapping at a site of patient exposure, we found that SNV circulates at a high rate in multiple species over time. Furthermore, we isolated live SNV from tissues and feces from multiple small mammal species, demonstrating infectious virus in alternative and novel reservoirs.

Significance
Altogether, this work shows that SNV is widely prevalent and persistent throughout New Mexico in multiple small mammal reservoirs that can harbor and shed infectious virus. This encourages future work for additional surviellance efforts and revaluates host-species dynamics for New World hantaviruses.
ANÁLISE DOS POTENCIAIS DE UM JÚRI SIMULADO SOBRE GÊNERO E CORPOS FEMININOS NO ESPORTE NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS
Authors: Quixadá Agnis Vitória , Galieta Nacimento Tatiana 
Published: January 2025

Neste artigo analisamos uma prática de ensino realizada com estudantes de um curso de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas que promoveram um júri simulado com o tema gênero e corpos femininos no esporte. A discussão se deu em torno do caso fictício “Atleta é excluída da Copa do Mundo de Futebol Feminino por não comprovar gênero em exame” que deveria ser analisado pelas licenciandas. Descrevemos a dinâmica do júri com a divisão da turma em grupos que representaram diferentes atores sociais e apresentaram argumentos, favoráveis ou contrários, bem como questionamentos sobre a participação da atleta no evento mundial. Por fim, trazemos algumas considerações acerca das contribuições dessa metodologia de ensino para o desenvolvimento de habilidades argumentativas dos futuros professores.
JUVENTUDES E MASCULINIDADES GAYS
Authors: Bonai Danimar , Cristine	Basso Soares Severo Rita 
Published: January 2025

Este artigo é um recorte da pesquisa de mestrado profissional em Educação que objetiva investigar a produção das masculinidades gays entre os jovens, homens, no cotidiano escolar, atravessados pelas suas singularidades e sociabilidades inerentes ao espaço escolar. A metodologia utilizada para este artigo é de natureza teórica, de maneira que para encontrar as produções científicas acerca do tema proposto transitamos em três portais: Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações CAPES/MEC; Repositório Digital da UFRGS – LUME e o Google Acadêmico. A partir da revisão realizada e a subsequente interpretação dos saberes a luz dos Estudos culturais, pós-estruturalistas, estudos de gênero e sexualidades, consideramos que homens jovens gays em meio ao espaço escolar compõe um vasto campo de possibilidades de ser e estar no mundo. Talvez se possa falar numa luta por espaço, mas não exatamente o espaço físico das paredes, e muito mais aquele ligado a cultura do corpo que está a ponto de contar novas histórias de sujeitos que reivindicam o direito a diversidade.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estudos Culturais. Juventudes. Masculinidades gays. Escola.
PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS DOS ANOS FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL E SUAS PRÁTICAS DOCENTES
Authors: Coutinho Maria Beatriz , Rotta Jeane 
Published: January 2025

As epistemologias feministas evidenciaram que os ideais de neutralidade, objetividade e imparcialidade das ciências são questionáveis, sendo induzidos pelas relações de poder, incluindo as de gênero. Estudos investigam como que o movimento feminista tem influenciado o Ensino de Ciências. Assim, visamos compreender a percepção dos professores de Ciências dos anos finais do ensino fundamental sobre o feminismo, e analisar se incorporam esta perspectiva em suas práticas pedagógicas. A metodologia foi qualitativa e participaram seis docentes. Os depoimentos foram analisados pela Análise Textual Discursiva e elaboramos três categorias intermediárias: Formação Docente; Reconhecimento do feminismo como um movimento social e Práticas Pedagógicas feministas. A categoria final, Abordagem do Feminismo no Ensino de Ciências, evidenciou que a ausência de conhecimento sobre o feminismo, na formação profissional, não o/as impediu de terem consciência sobre a importância deste movimento para a valorização das mulheres. Além disso, não impossibilitou a realização de práticas pedagógicas feministas em suas aulas.
Thresholds of Interpretation: Paratexts of The Four Books Translated by Cheng Lin
Authors: Yu Peiwen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cheng Lin and his translation The Four Books, the first complete English translation of The Four Books by a Chinese translator, are less-known to the world due to China’s tumultuous years. The paper, employing textual research method, conducts an in-depth case study of the paratexts of the translated version in order to reveal the paratextual values in translation and global dissemination, in the hope of providing theoretical approach and translation experience for Chinese Classics’ international communication.
Current Trends in Augmented Reality to Improve Senior High School Students’ Skills in Education 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Yanti Febri , Lufri Lufri , Ahda Yuni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) became increasingly popular in education worldwide as a useful tool for improving student engagement, teamwork, and problem-solving abilities to enhance students’ skills in Education 4.0 (E4.0). This research aimed to analyze and highlight several research publications that examined the use of AR to improve the skills of senior high school students in E4.0. This research employed the systematic literature review method. Searching for relevant articles using the Publish or Perish application, identifying articles, filtering articles, selecting potential articles using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) diagram, analyzing and synthesizing findings qualitatively, and preparing research reports. We obtained articles from three databases: Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. The research results indicated an increasing use of AR in E4.0 to enhance high school students’ skills, including creative thinking and innovation, critical thinking and problem-solving, communication, and collaboration.
The Relationship between Epistemological Beliefs and Assessment Conceptions among Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Tessema Girma , Michael Kassa , Areaya Solomon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examined the relationship between pre-service teachers’ epistemological views and their assessment conceptions, as well as how epistemological beliefs and their components contribute to the variation in their assessment conceptions. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive correlational research design, data were collected from 197 pre-service teachers at Fitche College of Teacher Education in Ethiopia through the Epistemological Belief Questionnaire and Assessment Conception Questionnaire. The analysis involved correlation and multiple regression techniques. The findings revealed a significant association between epistemological beliefs and assessment conceptions with a strong correlation in the ‘omniscient authority’ and ‘simple knowledge’ sub-dimensions. However, the ‘quick learning’ sub-dimension exhibited a weaker relationship. Furthermore, pre-service teachers showed a high level of agreement with the concepts of improvement and school accountability, whereas agreement with the irrelevance of assessment was moderate, yet students’ accountability was not significantly related to their epistemological beliefs. Generally, the findings of the study uncovered a meaningful correlation between pre-service teachers’ epistemological beliefs and their conceptions of assessment. This study’s findings could highlight the need to incorporate progressive assessment concepts and advanced epistemological beliefs into educational programs such as teacher education to improve pre-service teachers’ professional beliefs and competencies that would have cascaded effects on the school teaching-learning.
Evaluation of the serum level of CTRP-3 and CTRP-6 in patients with Hashimoto’s disease and correlation with thyroid hormones and lipid profile
Authors: Al-Abboody Rafal Sameer , Heydari Nadia , Saravani Mohsen , Nosaratzehi Shahin , Akbari Hamideh , Jafari Seyyed Mehdi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Numerous studies show that the adipokines play a role in on the thyroid axis. The aim of this study was the evaluation of serum level of CTRP-3 and CTRP-6 as a member of the adipokines family in patients with Hashimoto’s.

Methods
The levels of CTRP-3 and CTRP-6 were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 70 subjects (35 newly diagnosed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 35 healthy subjects). Their relationship with the thyroid hormone and some biochemical factors was analyzed.

Results
The levels of CTRP3 and CTRP6 in patients with Hashimoto’s disease were higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between CTRP3 and TSH levels (r=0.286 and p=0.017). There was a significant relationship between CTRP3 and Fasting Blood Sugar (r=0.249 and p=0.038). There was a significant inverse negative correlation between CTRP6 levels and T3 (r=−0.269 and p=0.024), and T4 (r=−0.272 and p=0.023). Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between CTRP6 serum levels and TSH serum levels (r=0.397 and p=0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between CTRP6 levels and Cholesterol (r=0.351 and p=0.003), and LDL (r=−0.244 and p=0.042).

Conclusions
Finally, our results demonstrated that serum levels of CTRP3 and CTRP6 are higher in patients with Hashimoto’s compared to the control group and probably play a role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Eating in colonial institutions: desiccated plant remains from nineteenth-century Sydney
Authors: Connor Kimberley G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Institutional food is renowned for being monotonous and unappetising, yet the accuracy of these prescribed diets is difficult to verify archaeologically. Desiccated plant remains from beneath the floorboards at Hyde Park Barracks in Sydney offer a rare insight into the culture of food at the Female Immigration Depot (1848–1887) and the Destitute Asylum (1862–1886). Here, the author reveals the wide range of unofficial plant foods accessed by inhabitants at these two institutions—representing resources sourced from across the British Empire—and the sometimes-illicit nature of their consumption, highlighting the importance of incorporating archaeological evidence into discussions of institutional life.
Pallidothalamic Circuit-Selective Manipulation Ameliorates Motor Symptoms in A Rat Model of Parkinsonian
Authors: Jackson Jacob , Loughlin Hannah , Looman Chloe , Yu Chunxiu 
Published: January 2025

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) effectively treats motor symptoms of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), with the globus pallidus interna (GPi) commonly targeted. However, its therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. We employed optogenetic stimulation in the entopeduncular nucleus (EP), the rat homologue of GPi, in a unilateral 6-OHDA lesioned female Sprague Dawley rat model of PD. We quantified behavioral effects of optogenetic EP DBS on motor symptoms and conducted single-unit recordings in EP and ventral lateral motor thalamus (VL) to examine changes in neural activity. Behavioral tests showed high-frequency optogenetic EP DBS (75, 100, 130Hz) reduced ipsilateral turning and corrected forelimb stepping, while low-frequency (5 and 20Hz) had no effect. EP and VL neurons exhibited mixed response during stimulation, with both increased and decreased firing. Notably, the average firing rate of all recorded neurons in the EP and VL significantly increased at 130 Hz but not at other frequencies. While beta-band oscillatory activity was reduced in most EP neurons across high frequencies (75, 100, 130 Hz), reductions in beta-band oscillations with the VL occurred only at 130 Hz. These findings suggest that the neural firing rates within EP and VL circuits were differentially modulated by EP DBS, they may not fully explain the frequency-dependent behavioral effect. Instead, high-frequency optogenetic EP DBS at 130Hz may ameliorate parkinsonian motor symptoms by reducing abnormal oscillatory activity in the EP-VL circuits. This study underscores the therapeutic potential of circuit-specific modulation in the pallidothalamic pathway using optogenetic EP DBS to alleviate motor deficits in a PD rat model.Significance StatementThe contribution of EP local cells to the therapeutic effects of EP DBS in PD has been unclear. Our study addressed this by employing local cell-specific optogenetic stimulation. Directly stimulating EP local neurons using optogenetics effectively reduced parkinsonian symptoms in the 6-OHDA lesioned rat. These findings highlight the importance of precise circuit manipulation through optogenetic techniques within the pallidothalamic pathway, suggesting a promising approach for ameliorating motor deficits in PD.
Coronin1A regulates the trafficking of alpha synuclein in microglia
Authors: Biggs Karl E. , Fikse Emma N. , Anderson Faith L. , Kettenbach Arminja N. , Havrda Matthew C. 
Published: January 2025

Microglia respond to cytotoxic protein aggregates associated with the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Pathological protein aggregates activate the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome resulting in proinflammatory signaling, secretion, and potentially pyroptotic cell death. We characterized mixed sex primary mouse microglia exposed to microbial stressors and alpha synuclein preformed fibrils (αsyn PFFs) to identify cellular mechanisms related to Parkinson’s disease. Microglia package and release the endosome fate regulator Coronin1A (Coro1A) in EVs in anNlrp3-dependent manner in widely used experimental activation conditions. We were surprised to find that Coro1A packaging and release was notNlrp3-dependent in αsyn PFF exposure conditions.Coro1A-/-microglia exposed to αsyn PFFs trafficked more αsyn to lysosomal compartment increasing lysosomal membrane permeabilization. This corresponds to a decrease in αsyn released in EVs suggesting that Coro1A functions to shunt pathological proteins to a secretory pathway to attenuate lysosomal stress. αsyn PFF driven lysosomal stress resulting fromCoro1aloss was associated with enhanced cytotoxicity. Intrinsic apoptosis signaling was unaffected, but we observed elevated cytosolic cathepsin B and the presence of a cathepsin associated 55kD PARP cleavage product. Post-mortem analysis of the PD mesencephalon supported a role for Coro1a in microglia, revealing elevated levels of Coro1A protein in human PD brains compared to those of healthy donors. Findings are relevant to the distribution of pathological αsyn and indicate thatCoro1aprotects microglia from lysosomal overload, inflammasome activation, and pyroptotic demise.Significance StatementMicroglia are responsible for clearing toxic protein aggregates such as alpha synuclein (αsyn) in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). PD is slowly progressive, implying that microglia are under proteinaceous stress for an extended time, maintaining some level of homeostasis while attempting to clear pathologically aggregated proteins. Pathological proteins can overload the lysosomes resulting in rupture, decreasing the ability of microglia to clear protein aggregates, and contributing to a hyperreactive inflammatory state. We determined that the protein Coronin1A functions in microglia to attenuate αsyn-induced lysosomal stress, preventing Nlrp3-inflammasome activation, and cell death. These findings identify a protective cellular mechanism operating in microglia that may contribute to the distribution of pathological proteins into the microenvironment.