bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOCIALLY VULNERABLE PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE ARE AT INCREASED RISK FOR VACCINE PREVENTABLE ILLNESS
Authors: Jordan Ariel , Sheehan Jessica , Newman Kira , Eloubeidi Dala , Johnson Laura , Higgins Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects patients across diverse ethnic, minority, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds; however, the relationship between these social determinants of health (SDOH) and IBD outcomes is not well-studied. SDOH have a known impact on disparities in vaccination, but these effects may be more salient in the IBD population where patients are at greater risk for vaccine-preventable illness from immunosuppressive therapies. The social vulnerability index (SVI) is a tool provided by Centers for Disease Control that can identify individuals at risk for health care disparities by estimating neighborhood-level social need on a 0-1 scale (higher scores indicating greater social vulnerability). Utilizing census tract-level SVI data, we aimed to identify the relationship between the SDOH and vaccination rates in patients with IBD.

METHODS
We used a retrospective cohort design of patients seen at a single IBD center between 01/01/2015 and 08/31/2022. Using the current address listed in the electronic medical record, we geocoded patients to individual census tracts and linked them to corresponding SVI and subscales (Figure 1). Controlling a priori for age, gender, race, ethnicity, marital status, English proficiency, electoral district, and religious affiliation, we used multivariable linear regression to examine the relationship between SVI and vaccination against influenza, Covid-19, pneumococcal pneumonia (conjugate and polysaccharide), and Zoster.

RESULTS
15,245 patients with IBD were included and the percent of unvaccinated individuals was high across all vaccine types: flu (42.8%), Covid-19 (50.9%), pneumonia (62.4%), and Zoster (89.6%). High total levels of social vulnerability were associated with lower vaccination rates across all vaccine groups: flu (B -1.3, 95% CI -1.5, -1.2, p&lt;0.001), Covid-19 (B -0.99, 95% CI -1.1, -0.88), p&lt;0.001), pneumonia (B -0.21, 95% CI -0.27, -0.14, p&lt;0.001), Zoster (B -0.23, 95% CI -0.27, -0.19, p&lt;0.001). On SVI sub-scales, high scores in Socioeconomic Status, Household Composition, and Housing/Transportation were important predictors of vaccine uptake while Minority Status/Language was non-significant (Table 1).

CONCLUSION
Living in a socially vulnerable community is associated with lower vaccination rates across all vaccine types. Higher scores on neighborhood level Socioeconomic Status, Household Composition, and Housing/Transportation were also associated with lower vaccine uptake. Many factors may affect why socially vulnerable patients are under-vaccinated, including a lack of patient and provider knowledge of routine vaccines, lack of access to care, and poor trust in vaccines and healthcare system. Further research is needed improve IBD health maintenance in gastroenterology clinics and ensure equitable distribution of vaccines to socially vulnerable patients.
SEX-BASED DIFFERENCES IN DRUG DURABILITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
Authors: Tirath Ankita , Arora Jyoti , Ciorba Matthew , Deepak Parakkal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
With an increasing number of therapeutic options to treat IBD, identification of patient-specific factors predictive of drug efficacy is crucial. Sex has been postulated to play a role in response to therapy with possible proposed mechanisms including sex-based hormones and microbiome and epigenetic differences. However, prior clinical data on drug durability stratified by sex are mixed and limited.

METHODS
Using the SPARC IBD (Study of a Prospective Adult Research Cohort with Inflammatory Bowel Disease) registry, we analyzed time to drug discontinuation for female versus male patients started on a new IBD medication (including biologic and small molecule therapy) after enrollment between 2016 and August 2022. Drug persistence was examined using Kaplan-Meier plots. A Cox regression model was used to adjust for baseline differences in Crohn’s disease phenotype, rates of perianal disease, and concurrent immunomodulator use. A marginal means/rates model was used to adjust for within-patient correlation given that 252 patients had multiple medication starts.

RESULTS
A total of 1185 patients were identified with 1492 unique new medication starts (n=830 female, 662 male). In this sample, male patients had more complex Crohn’s disease phenotype and higher rates of perianal disease and concurrent immunomodulator use. No significant difference was seen in 12 month drug therapy survival rates based on sex (67.5% females, 65.7% males). Median drug continuation time was 33.5 months in females (95% CI 25.8, 37.4) and 24.5 months in males (95% CI 20.3, 32.8). No difference was seen in anti-TNF and small molecule subgroup analyses. Cox model adjusted for baseline differences in disease severity showed no significant different in probability of drug discontinuation per unit time in females compared to males [HR (95% CI) = 0.95 (0.75-1.21)].

CONCLUSION
Both males and females have similar rates of IBD drug durability over time. The reasons for drug discontinuation should be explored in further studies as this may aid physicians in clinical decision-making.
The Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Greenland
Authors: Gantzel Rasmus Hvidbjerg , Vesterdal Jos Dalvad , Haase Anne-Mette , Petersen Alice Juhl , Grønbæk Henning , Pedersen Michael Lynge 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is sparsely investigated in Arctic populations. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) in Greenland.

Methods
Cross-sectional nationwide data on demography, anthropometry, biochemistry, and pharmacotherapy were extracted from the electronic medical records in Greenland. Diagnoses of UC and CD were based on International Classification of Diseases–Tenth Revision and International Classification of Primary Care–Second Edition coding and treatment with mesalazine. Data from Statistics Greenland were used for prevalence calculations.

Results
In total, 254 patients in Greenland experienced IBD, with 214 cases of UC and 40 cases of CD. The overall IBD prevalence was 0.45%, distributed as 0.38% with UC and 0.07% with CD. The IBD prevalence was similar across the 5 regions of Greenland. However, a higher prevalence was observed in the region main towns with the largest populations (0.53%) compared with the small towns along the coastline (0.29%). UC patients were prescribed mesalazine treatment with a frequency of 78%. Furthermore, 10% of all IBD patients received treatment with nonspecific immunomodulators and 7% received biologics.

Conclusions
This study estimates the prevalence and uncovers characteristics of IBD in Greenland. Although CD may be underdiagnosed or less prevalent, the overall prevalence of IBD in Greenland parallels Scandinavian countries and North America. These results boost the knowledge on autoimmune diseases in arctic populations and may guide clinicians in their management of IBD in Greenland. Furthermore, the results may encourage research in IBD across the Arctic regions.
Industrial policy, local firm growth paths, and capability building in low-income countries: lessons from Ethiopia’s floriculture export sector
Authors: Melese Ayelech T , Whitfield Lindsay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The industrial policy literature has made important contributions to understanding how to catalyze industrialization, but it tends to focus more on the industrial policies required to incentivize learning than on studying firm-level learning dynamics and investments in technological capabilities. Furthermore, global value chain studies on export sectors in low-income countries rarely consider whether local firms are part of broader business groups and if so, how that position within business groups affects local firms’ business strategies regarding the global supply chain in question as well as investments outside it. This article examines local firms’ investments in a new export industry, and they are shaped by dynamics linked to their family business groups, industrial policies, and the wider national economic and political contexts of low-income countries. It does so through a case study of Ethiopia and the emergence of its floriculture export industry. The article explains firm-level motivations in acquiring knowledge and building capabilities as well as their export trajectories and firm growth paths and how they are shaped by owners’ decisions related to the overall business group. It argues that industrial policies need to consider not only the existing capabilities, organizations, and networks of local firms but also tailor industrial policies to the potential of the family business groups to drive capability building in new industries.
Intra-atrial coronary artery reconstruction during surgery for cardiac angiosarcoma
Authors: Liu XinPei , Liang YingXiang , Miao Qi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA cardiac angiosarcoma is usually located in the right atrium and tends to involve the right coronary artery. Our goal was to report a novel reconstruction technique after en bloc resection of a cardiac angiosarcoma with right coronary artery invasion. This technique includes orthotopic reconstruction of the invaded artery and atrial patch suturing onto the epicardium lateral to the reconstructed right coronary artery. Intra-atrial reconstruction with an end-to-end anastomosis can enhance the graft patency compared to a distal side-to-end anastomosis and can reduce the risk of anastomotic stenosis. Moreover, suturing the graft patch to the epicardium did not increase the risk of bleeding because the pressure in the right atrium was low.
Evaluation of Strontium Interference in Calcium Measurement Procedures and Content in Supplements as Measured by ICP-MS
Authors: Williams Grace R , Downs John W , Wolf Carl E , Cumpston Kirk L , Tobarran Natasha , Wills Brandon K , Bachmann Lorin M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Bone health supplements containing strontium are available without prescription, however, the effects of strontium interference on clinical laboratory calcium measurement procedures are unknown.

Methods
To evaluate strontium interference on total calcium measurements, plasma pools with exogenously added strontium were measured by 3 total calcium measurement procedures. For ionized calcium measurements, whole blood pools prepared with exogenously added strontium were measured by 2 ionized calcium measurement procedures. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assay (ICP-MS) was validated for research measurements of strontium content in commercially available supplements.

Results
Exogenous strontium addition to plasma caused positive bias for total calcium measurements. Strontium concentrations of 1.0 mg/dL (0.114 mmol/L), 2.5 mg/dL (0.284 mmol/L), and 5.0 mg/Dl (0.568 mmol/L) resulted in mean biases of 1.9% to 3.5%, 4.9% to 9.0%, and 10.8% to 19.2%, respectively, for total calcium measurement procedures. Biases for ionized calcium measurements were less than 4.5% for a strontium concentration of 5.0 mg/dL (0.568 mmol/L). An in-house–developed ICP-MS assay for strontium in commercially available supplements exhibited within-laboratory and within-run coefficients of variation of less than 3%, and a linear response was obtained over the assay analytical measurement range of 10 to 100 000 ng/mL (0.0001 to 1.141 mmol/L). Strontium recovery for the ICP-MS assay was 97.1% to 105.3%. The largest amount of strontium measured in dietary supplements was 395 mg in a 1054 mg tablet.

Conclusions
Some dietary supplements contain larger amounts of strontium than indicated on the product label. High concentrations of strontium may cause significant interference for total calcium measurement procedures, but ionized calcium measurement procedures are not significantly affected.
Effect of a biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase on the digestibility of phosphorus and phytate in midlactating dairy cows
Authors: Dersjant-Li Yueming , Kok Ivonne , Westreicher-Kristen Edwin , García-González Rubén , Mereu Alessandro , Christensen Trine , Marchal Leon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effect of a biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase (PhyG) on the digestibility and excretion of crude protein (CP), phosphorus (P), and phytate-P (PP) in midlactating dairy cows was investigated. Thirty Holstein-Friesians were assigned to three treatments with 10 cows per treatment in a randomized block design. Cows were fed forage (grass and corn silage) provided ad libitum, and a concentrate (without added inorganic phosphate) administered separately in amounts individualized per cow according to milk production, supplemented with phytase according to treatment. The formulated forage-to-concentrate-ratio was ~65%:35%. Dietary treatments comprised the control diet (CON) and CON supplemented with 2,000 (PhyG2,000) or 5,000 (PhyG5,000) phytase units (FTU)/kg DM in the total diet. The experiment comprised an 18-d preperiod for the collection of data to facilitate the allocation of cows to the treatments, followed by a 19-d experimental period comprising a 14-d diet adaptation period and 5 d of twice daily feces collection. Fecal samples were analyzed for the determination of apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of chemical constituents in the diet. The ATTD of PP was 92.6% in CON suggesting a high but incomplete degradation of phytate by ruminal microbial phytases. Cows fed PhyG2,000 exhibited increased ATTD of CP and PP [68.4% (2.7% points above CON) and 95.1% (2.5% points above CON), respectively] whilst PhyG5,000 further increased ATTD PP and also increased ATTD P [54.1% (7.8% points above CON)]; ATTD of Ca tended to be increased in PhyG5,000 vs. CON. Linear dose–response relationships were observed for ATTD of DM, CP, P, Ca, and PP. In addition, fecal excretion of P, and PP linearly reduced and that of Ca and CP tended to linearly reduce with increasing PhyG dose level. No difference was observed for DM intake and milk composition was unaffected except for milk protein which tended to be higher in cows fed PhyG5,000 than CON. In summary, the addition of exogenous phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg or higher to diets of lactating dairy cows improved P, PP, Ca, and CP digestibility and reduced fecal excretion of P, PP, and CP in a dose-dependent manner.
Forward Guidance and Household Expectations
Authors: Coibion Olivier , Georgarakos Dimitris , Gorodnichenko Yuriy , Weber Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe compare causal effects of forward guidance about future interest rates on households’ expectations of inflation and nominal mortgage rates to the effects of communication about inflation in a randomized control trial using more than 20,000 U.S. consumers in the Nielsen Homescan Panel. We elicit consumers’ expectations, and then provide 22 different forms of information regarding past, current, and/or future interest rates and inflation. Information treatments about current or future interest rates all have similar and offsetting effects on interest rate and inflation expectations, yielding limited pass-through into perceived real rates. Information about mortgage rates has much more powerful effects on interest rate perceptions, with no offsetting effects on inflation expectations, thereby delivering much larger changes in perceived real rates. Revisions in perceived real rates causally lead to changes in the ex-post purchases of durable goods by households.
The Interplay between International Humanitarian Law and International Environmental Law
Authors: van Steenberghe Raphaël 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
It is well known that armed conflicts may cause extensive damage to the environment and that International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is lacking any adequate protection against such damage. International Environmental Law (IEL) could therefore be used to fill the gaps. This nonetheless raises the complex issue of the interplay between that body of law and IHL. This article intends to provide a comprehensive framework on such interplay, the originality of which is to draw inspiration from the relationship between IHL and International Human Rights Law (IHRL). It examines two processes through which IEL may impact the regulation of armed conflict: the ‘interpretation process’, whereby IHL is interpreted in light of IEL, and the ‘application process’, whereby IEL applies alongside IHL to activities related to armed conflicts. While both processes involve the operation of formal mechanisms, including the lex specialis principle and the principle of systemic integration, they must be guided by substantial considerations, which seek coherence between the two bodies of law.
Who finds the short proof?
Authors: Benzmüller Christoph , Fuenmayor David , Steen Alexander , Sutcliffe Geoff 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper reports on an exploration of Boolos’ Curious Inference, using higher-order automated theorem provers (ATPs). Surprisingly, only suitable shorthand notations had to be provided by hand for ATPs to find a short proof. The higher-order lemmas required for constructing a short proof are automatically discovered by the ATPs. Given the observations and suggestions in this paper, full proof automation of Boolos’ and related examples now seems to be within reach of higher-order ATPs.
Diet flexibility of wolves and black bears in the range of migratory caribou
Authors: Bonin Michaël , Dussault Christian , Taillon Joëlle , Pisapio John , Lecomte Nicolas , Côté Steeve D 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe diet of predators can be highly variable, which is exemplified by their ability to acclimate to a wide range of ecological conditions. Such flexibility in foraging may be a key aspect of their performance in unpredictable environments such as at the edge of the range of a species or where food availability varies greatly in time and space. Gaining information on the diets of predators under such conditions could foster our comprehension of their ecological flexibility and the potential role of predation on the population dynamics of prey. We determined the diet of wolves (Canis lupus) and black bears (Ursus americanus) in northern Québec and Labrador (Canada) within the range of two migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herds: the high-abundance Rivière-aux-Feuilles herd (RFH) and low-abundance Rivière-George herd (RGH). Worldwide, decline in caribou populations has become a concern, stressing the need to better understand the factors involved in these declines, including predation. In northern Québec (RFH range), caribou was the primary year-round prey of wolves while moose (Alces alces) and muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) were consumed in some sectors. The diet of wolves in northern Labrador (RGH range) varied seasonally, with caribou, moose, and fish as main prey during different periods throughout the year. Black bear diets varied seasonally and regionally. Among the foods we analyzed, caribou was the main source of animal protein for bears in northern Québec and northern Labrador, except during a high abundance of Ungava collared lemming (Dicrostonyx hudsonius). Only bears in northern Québec ate caribou during late summer/fall. Our results highlight the diet flexibility of wolves and black bears in northern food webs, and how their diets change in relation to the distribution and abundance of prey. Our results will help quantify the potential impact of these predators on prey populations in northern systems.
Extension-based semantics for incomplete argumentation frameworks: properties, complexity and algorithms
Authors: Mailly Jean-Guy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIncomplete Argumentation Frameworks (IAFs) have been defined to incorporate some qualitative uncertainty in abstract argumentation: information such as ‘I am not sure whether this argument exists’ or ‘I am not sure whether this argument attacks that one’ can be expressed. Reasoning with IAFs is classically based on a set of completions, i.e. standard argumentation frameworks (AFs) that represent the possible worlds encoded in the IAF. The number of these completions may be exponential with respect to the number of arguments in the IAF. This leads, in some cases, to an increase of the complexity of reasoning, compared to the complexity of standard AFs. In this paper, we follow an approach that was initiated for Partial Argumentation Frameworks (PAFs) (a subclass of IAFs), which consists in defining new forms of conflict-freeness and defense, the properties that underly the definition of Dung’s semantics for AFs. We generalize these semantics from PAFs to IAFs. We show that, among three possible types of admissibility, only two of them satisfy some desirable properties. We use them to define two new families of extension-based semantics. We study the properties of these semantics, and in particular, we show that their complexity remains the same as in the case of Dung’s AFs. Finally, we propose a logical encoding of these semantics, and we show experimentally that this encoding can be used efficiently to reason with IAFs, thanks to the power of modern SAT solvers.
Social Justice, Privilege, and Oppression
Authors: Goforth Anisa N. , Pham Andy V. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The education and mental health professions are political and ideological activities that inherently involve ideals, power, and opportunity. This creates unavoidable conflict, particularly in school systems where biases, prejudice, and discrimination are likely to occur and escalate. Social justice is an aspiration that recognizes diversity and equity of social, economic, political, and educational rights through redistribution of resources, opportunities, and privilege, and through representation of diverse people, thoughts, and ideas. Promoting social justice requires cultivating cultural humility and establishing positive relationships with colleagues, families, and students who historically have been marginalized. It also requires our efforts, energy, and additional resources to create systems-level change. The chapter provides a cultural humility framework that can aid in promoting social justice at the individual and systemic levels.
Creating Positive Relationships with Children and Families
Authors: Goforth Anisa N. , Pham Andy V. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Partnerships between families and schools are crucial for children’s overall success in school. Engaging with families can be especially challenging when cultural differences are present. Ultimately, collaboration is the foundation needed for these partnerships to be authentic and successful. Healthy family–school relationships are built on trust, sensitivity, and equality. This chapter describes the elements necessary to form partnerships between schools and families, including engaging in critical reflexivity, developing partnerships through trust and reciprocity, creating an action team, developing goals, and finally, implementing and evaluating the action plan. The connections that practitioners have with students and their families inspire them to continue the work they do, even when they might face challenges that naturally come with working in schools.