bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex‐vivo histopathologic examination of irrigated radiofrequency ablation utilizing half‐normal saline of the human heart
Authors: Pillai Ajay , Robila Valentina , Kasirajan Vigneshwar , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. , Koneru Jayanthi N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) utilizing half‐normal saline (HNS) irrigation is a promising intervention to circumvent commonly encountered limitations during radiofrequency ablation of deep myocardial substrate. Few studies to date have analyzed the morphologic changes in the human myocardium following HNS RFA.Methods and ResultsThree patients with symptomatic ventricular tachycardia (VT) who underwent RFA with HNS irrigation underwent pathological specimen examination at time of autopsy or following native heart explant at the time of cardiac transplantation. Gross evaluation of the heart was performed fresh and after fixation in 10% formalin. A routine examination was performed with fixation in 10% formalin. Sections of lesioned tissue were paraffin embedded and evaluated using standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.ConclusionIrrigated RF ablation with HNS irrigant produces coagulative necrosis as well as several delayed histopathological changes with a deeper field of effective ablation. Transmurality may not be obtained in the ventricular myocardium with endocardial, epicardial, or sequential unipolar HNS ablation.
Rates and predictors of hospital and emergency department care after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Friedman Daniel J. , Freeman James V. , Wong Charlene , Febre Janice , Iglesias Maximiliano , Khanna Rahul , Piccini Jonathan P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlthough atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation has become increasingly safer, rehospitalization and emergency department (ED) evaluations can occur in the postablation period. Better understanding of the frequency, causes, and predictors for hospitalization and ED evaluation after ablation are needed, particularly as same‐day discharge programs expand.MethodsThe Optum Clinformatics database was used to define rates, causes, and predictors of hospital and ED care after AF ablation performed between January 2016 and May 2019. Primary outcomes were all‐cause hospital and ED care within 30 days of discharge. Independent predictors of all‐cause ED and hospital admissions care were determined via logistic regression.ResultsOf the 18 848 patients in this study, the mean age was 67.5 ± 10 years, 37.9% were female, and the mean CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 3.27 ± 1.84. Within 30 days of AF ablation, 1440 of 18 848 patients (7.6%) required hospital care of which 15% had >1 admission; 7.9% required ED care of which 28.6% had >1 ED visit. The most common reasons for hospital admission (which occurred on average 12.3 days after discharge) were supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) or AF (33.2%), heart failure (12.7%), and infection (12.2%). The most common reasons for ED care were SVT/AF (15.0%), noncardiac chest pain (13.3%), and noninfectious respiratory illness (12.2%). Age, female sex, ablation in an inpatient setting, and co‐morbidities were associated with increased risk of rehospitalization. Age, female sex, patient comorbidities, and non‐use of direct oral anticoagulation were associated with increased risk of ED visit.ConclusionApproximately 7%–8% of patients require unplanned hospitalization or ED care after AF ablation, most commonly due to SVT/AF. Predictors of unscheduled care include patient age, sex, and several patient comorbidities. This study can inform quality improvement initiatives by identifying common causes for unscheduled care.
Anticoagulation after pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation: Associations with CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score, sex, and rhythm
Authors: Wang Tom Kai Ming , Chan Nicholas , Arockiam Aro D. , Cremer Paul C. , Kanj Mohamed , Baranowski Bryan , Saliba Walid , Hussein Ayman , Wazni Oussama M. , Jaber Wael A. ,   Other members of the Cleveland Clinic Cardiovascular Imaging and Electrophysiology Collaborative Group
Published: February 2023

AbstractGuidelines recommend using the CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score to determine anticoagulation decisions in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, including those who undergo pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), however this may not consistently occur in the real‐world setting because of other clinical factors. We sought to evaluate the anticoagulation prescription rates patterns in AF patients 1 year PVI at our institution. Consecutive AF patients undergoing PVI in our prospective registry during 2014−2018 who were alive at 1‐year post‐PVI were studied. Anticoagulation prescription rates at this time‐point were adjudicated, and correlated to CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score, sex, and heart rhythm status at 1 year. Amongst 4596 patients undergoing PVI, mean age was 64.2 ± 10.0 years, 1328 (28.9%) were female, and based on CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score anticoagulation was not indicated, can be considered and indicated in 872 (19.0%), 1183 (25.7%), and 2541 (55.3%) patients, respectively. At 1‐year after PVI, 3504 (76.2%) patients were on anticoagulation, and 792 (17.2%) had recurrence of AF. Anticoagulation was continued in over half of AF patients without classic CHA₂DS₂‐VASc indication particularly in those with AF recurrence and women, while they were mildly under‐prescribed in those with indication, especially for those without AF recurrence and men. In a large real world cohort of patients after PVI, anticoagulation prescription is not solely depending on the CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score and sex, but also heart rhythm status and other clinical or imaging factors.
Predictors of procedural failure of left bundle branch pacing in scarred left ventricle
Authors: Ponnusamy Shunmuga Sundaram , Murugan Mariappan , Ganesan Vithiya , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionPresence of scar at the implantation‐site is considered as a major factor in determining the success of left bundle branch pacing (LBBP). We aimed at analyzing the predictors of procedural failure in patients with scarred‐left ventricle (LV) as demonstrated by cardiac‐magnetic resonance‐imaging (CMR).MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational single‐center‐study that included consecutive cardiomyopathy patients with LV‐scar as demonstrated by late‐gadolinium‐enhancement (LGE) in CMR requiring LBBP. Procedural‐failure was defined as the inability to penetrate the septum to reach the LV subendocardiumResultsA total of 25 cardiomyopathy patients demonstrated LGE in CMR and were included in the study. LBBP was successful in 16 patients (group‐I; 64% acute‐procedural‐success). In the remaining 9 patients (group‐II) lead could not be penetrated and hence biventricular‐pacing was done. LBBP resulted in reduction in QRS‐duration and improvement in LV ejection fraction in group‐I patients during a mean follow‐up of 11.2 ± 3.7 months. Computed‐tomography‐angiography after LBBP showed the successful lead deployment site (LBBP‐Zone) as the overlapping areas of inferior aspect of antero‐septum and superior aspect of infero‐septum (segment 2/3; AHA‐model) in short‐axis view(figure‐1C). CMR showed LGE in significantly more number of LV‐segments and high scar‐burden in group‐II as compared to group‐I (figure‐1). A total scar score value of >1.0 predicted failure with 100%‐sensitivity and 75%‐specificity. CMR revealed transmural‐scar in the LBBP‐Zone in all patients in group‐II (n = 9; 100%). Transmural scar in LBBP‐Zone by CMR had 100%‐sensitivity and 100%‐specificity for predicting the procedural‐failure.ConclusionCMR helps in predicting the procedural failure of LBBP in patients with scarred LV. Presence of transmural‐LGE in the LBBP‐Zone predicts failure with high sensitivity and specificity.
Comparative and experimental studies on the relationship between body size and countershading in caterpillars
Authors: Hwang Yerin , Yoo Sohee , Park Chohee , Kang Changku 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Countershading is a gradient of colouration in which the illuminated dorsal surfaces are darker than the unilluminated ventral surface. It is widespread in the animal kingdom and endows the body with a more uniform colour to decrease the chance of detection by predators. Although recent empirical studies support the theory of survival advantage conferred by countershading, this camouflage strategy has evolved only in some of the cryptic animals, and our understanding of the factors that affect the evolution of countershading is limited. This study examined the association between body size and countershading using lepidopteran larvae (caterpillars) as a model system. Specifically, we predicted that countershading may have selectively evolved in large-sized species among cryptic caterpillars if (1) large size constrains camouflage which facilitates the evolution of a trait reinforcing their crypsis and (2) the survival advantage of countershading is size-dependent. Phylogenetic analyses of four different lepidopteran families (Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Erebidae, and Geometridae) suggest equivocal results: countershading was more likely to be found in larger species in Saturniidae but not in the other families. The field predation experiment assuming avian predators did not support size-dependent predation in countershaded prey. Collectively, we found only weak evidence that body size is associated with countershading in caterpillars. Our results suggest that body size is not a universal factor that has shaped the interspecific variation in countershading observed in caterpillars.
Abstract
We tested whether there exists an association between body size and countershading in caterpillars using phylogenetic analyses and field predation experiments. We found only weak evidence that body size is associated with countershading in caterpillars.
Effect of food restriction on survival and reproduction of a termite
Authors: Lin Silu , Pen Ido , Korb Judith 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFood availability affects the trade‐off between maintenance and reproduction in a wide range of organisms, but its effects on social insects remain poorly understood. In social insects, the maintenance‐reproduction trade‐off seems to be absent in individuals but may appear at the colony level, although this is rarely investigated. In this study, we restricted food availability in a termite species to test how it affects survival and reproduction, both at the individual and colony level. Using Bayesian multivariate response models, we found very minor effects of food restriction on the survival of queens, individual workers or on the colonies. In contrast, queen fecundity was significantly reduced, whereas colony‐level fecundity (i.e., the number of dispersing alates, future reproductives) increased under food restriction as workers gave up cooperation within the colony and became alates that dispersed. Our study shows that life‐history trade‐offs can be mitigated by individuals' social behaviours in social organisms.
In‐vitro pulpal temperature increases when photo‐curing bulk‐fill resin‐based composites using laser or light‐emitting diode light curing units
Authors: Maucoski Cristiane , Price Richard Bengt , Sullivan Braden , Guarneri Juliana Anany Gonzales , Gusso Bruno , Arrais Cesar Augusto Galvão 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the in vitro pulpal temperature rise (ΔT) within the pulp chamber when low‐ and high‐viscosity bulk‐fill resin composites are photo‐cured using laser or contemporary light curing units (LCUs).Materials and MethodsThe light output from five LCUs was measured. Non‐retentive Class I and V cavities were prepared in one upper molar. Two T‐type thermocouples were inserted into the pulp chamber. After the PT values reached 32°C under simulated pulp flow (0.026 mL/min), both cavities were restored with: Filtek One Bulk Fill (3 M), Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (3 M), Tetric PowerFill (Ivoclar Vivadent), or Tetric PowerFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent). The tooth was exposed as follows: Monet Laser (1 and 3 s), PowerCure (3 and 20 s), PinkWave (3 and 20 s), Valo X (5 and 20 s) and SmartLite Pro (20 s). The ΔT data were subjected to one‐way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's post hoc test.ResultsMonet 1 s (1.9 J) and PinkWave 20 s (30.1 J) delivered the least and the highest amount of energy, respectively. Valo X and PinkWave used for 20 s produced the highest ΔT values (3.4–4.1°C). Monet 1 s, PinkWave 3 s, PowerCure 3 s (except FB‐Flow) and Monet 3 s for FB‐One and TP‐Fill produced the lowest ΔT values (0.9–1.7°C). No significant differences were found among composites.ConclusionsShort 1‐ to 3‐s exposures produced acceptable temperature rises, regardless of the composite.Clinical SignificanceThe energy delivered to the tooth by the LCUs affects the temperature rise inside the pulp. The short 1–3 s exposure times used in this study delivered the least amount of energy and produced a lower temperature rise. However, the RBC may not have received sufficient energy to be adequately photo‐cured.
Impact of falling‐film freeze concentration in a commercial Lager beer
Authors: Osorio M. , Moreno F.L. , Hernández E. , Ruiz‐Pardo Ruth Yolanda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInnovations and technology are the driving forces for new beer industry products, especially in exploring new flavor profiles. Freeze concentration (FC) emerges as an alternative to take advantage of this opportunity. This work studied the falling‐film freeze concentration (FFFC) application on ethanol–water solutions and commercial beer. The effect of flow rate, freezing temperature, and initial concentration of ethanol in the model solution was studied, and the best conditions were found with a surface response analysis and then applied to a commercial beer. The effect on the sensory profile was determined by multidimensional approximation for the lager beer and the concentrated liquid. A significant effect of initial concentration and freezing temperature were found in the ethanol–water solutions, and the best condition was found at −25°C, 400 L/h, and 0.03 w/w, with a concentration index of 1.35. This condition was evaluated for commercial beer, where a concentration index of 1.18 was achieved, caused by solids in beer and molecular interactions of ethanol with other compounds. The sensory profile of a commercial lager beer was modified by increasing the intensity in 38% of the flavor descriptors and the preservation of the other 41% after applying FFFC. The effect of this technique in beer could be a novel method to produce beer products with new flavor profiles.Practical applicationsInnovations in science and technology added to the search for new flavors promote the development of new products in the beer industry. In this article, a potential use of this freeze concentration (FC) technology was identified for the development of new concentrated beer products. The impact of falling‐film FC in a commercial lager beer was studied. First, obtaining a concentrated beer from this technique was possible, with a higher concentration of total solids and ethanol. In addition, the beer's sensory profile was modified by applying FC, which resulted in an increase in the intensity of 38% of the descriptors and the preservation of 41%. It also allowed the appearance of new flavors and aromas.
‘Feta is obviously very dangerous stuff looking at all those reds’: Can nutrition labelling help people living with type 2 diabetes to self‐manage their condition?
Authors: McClinchy Jane , Dickinson Angela , Wills Wendy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe consumption of a healthy balanced diet is the cornerstone of treatment for people living with type 2 diabetes (PLWT2DM). The United Kingdom recommends a standardised voluntary front‐of‐pack food labelling system which uses the green–amber–red colour coding to indicate the presence of nutrients in a food item. Research with PLWT2DM suggests that they may find it challenging to interpret the information on food labels. This paper draws from a larger study exploring nutrition information practices for PLWT2DM. The aim of this paper is to explore the experiences of using nutrition information found on food labels among PLWT2DM and their partners/carers.MethodsThis study used a qualitative and mixed methods design, using a solicited 4‐week unstructured diary followed by a qualitative interview with each participant. The theoretical framework drew on practice theory. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsNineteen PLWT2DM and one partner took part. Data consisted of 19 diaries and interviews. Almost all participants used food labels to help manage their condition; however, the colour‐coding link with traffic lights appeared to overemphasise the need to avoid foods with red labels. Participants' beliefs about sugar influenced their food choices which in turn could impact on their nutritional intake. Highly developed mathematical skills were needed to interpret information about portion sizes.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals and patient support groups should focus more on educating PLWT2DM about how to interpret food labels so that they are able to apply these to their own food choices. Future research and development of subsequent versions of the food labelling system should include PLWT2DM to ensure that labels are both clear and relevant to them.
Phosphorylation of the LCB1 subunit of Arabidopsis serine palmitoyltransferase stimulates its activity and modulates sphingolipid biosynthesis
Authors: Li Yuan , Cao Hanwei , Dong Tingting , Wang Xiaoke , Ma Liang , Li Kun , Lou Huiqiang , Song Chun‐Peng , Ren Dongtao 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTSphingolipids are the structural components of membrane lipid bilayers and act as signaling molecules in many cellular processes. Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) is the first committed and rate‐limiting enzyme in the de novo sphingolipids biosynthetic pathway. The core SPT enzyme is a heterodimer consisting of LONG‐CHAIN BASE1 (LCB1) and LCB2 subunits. SPT activity is inhibited by orosomucoid proteins and stimulated by small subunits of SPT (ssSPTs). However, whether LCB1 is modified and how such modification might regulate SPT activity have to date been unclear. Here, we show that activation of MITOGEN‐ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3 (MPK3) and MPK6 by upstream MKK9 and treatment with Flg22 (a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern) increases SPT activity and induces the accumulation of sphingosine long‐chain base t18:0 in Arabidopsis thaliana, with activated MPK3 and MPK6 phosphorylating AtLCB1. Phosphorylation of AtLCB1 strengthened its binding with AtLCB2b, promoted its binding with ssSPTs, and stimulated the formation of higher order oligomeric and active SPT complexes. Our findings therefore suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for SPT activity.
Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism
Authors: Zhang Guojin , Hu Yi , Huang Ming‐Zhong , Huang Wei‐Chang , Liu Ding‐Kun , Zhang Diyang , Hu Haihua , Downing Jason L. , Liu Zhong‐Jian , Ma Hong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrchidaceae (with >28,000 orchid species) are one of the two largest plant families, with economically and ecologically important species, and occupy global and diverse niches with primary distribution in rainforests. Among orchids, 70% grow on other plants as epiphytes; epiphytes contribute up to ~50% of the plant diversity in rainforests and provide food and shelter for diverse animals and microbes, thereby contributing to the health of these ecosystems. Orchids account for over two‐thirds of vascular epiphytes and provide an excellent model for studying evolution of epiphytism. Extensive phylogenetic studies of Orchidaceae and subgroups have ;been crucial for understanding relationships among many orchid lineages, although some uncertainties remain. For example, in the largest subfamily Epidendroideae with nearly all epiphytic orchids, relationships among some tribes and many subtribes are still controversial, hampering evolutionary analyses of epiphytism. Here we obtained 1,450 low‐copy nuclear genes from 610 orchid species, including 431 with newly generated transcriptomes, and used them for the reconstruction of robust Orchidaceae phylogenetic trees with highly supported placements of tribes and subtribes. We also provide generally well‐supported phylogenetic placements of 131 genera and 437 species that were not sampled by previous plastid and nuclear phylogenomic studies. Molecular clock analyses estimated the Orchidaceae origin at ~132 million years ago (Ma) and divergences of most subtribes from 52 to 29 Ma. Character reconstruction supports at least 14 parallel origins of epiphytism; one such origin was placed at the most recent common ancestor of ~95% of epiphytic orchids and linked to modern rainforests. Ten occurrences of rapid increase in the diversification rate were detected within Epidendroideae near and after the K‐Pg boundary, contributing to ~80% of the Orchidaceae diversity. This study provides a robust and the largest family‐wide Orchidaceae nuclear phylogenetic tree thus far and new insights into the evolution of epiphytism in vascular plants.
Incompatibility between serpentinization and epidote formation in the lower oceanic crust: Evidence from the Oman Drilling Project
Authors: Nozaka Toshio , Tateishi Yamato 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is a general tendency that epidote, which is a typical greenschist facies mineral, is scarce in the lower oceanic crust, in spite of the widespread occurrence of the other minerals indicative of similar temperature conditions such as chlorite, actinolite, prehnite and serpentine. To find the cause of this, we carried out petrological analyses of lower crustal rocks of the Oman ophiolite sampled by the Oman Drilling Project of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). Petrographic observations revealed the tendency, as expected, that the amount of epidote formed by static alteration of plagioclase decreases with depth. Because mineral assemblages indicative of a wide range of temperature conditions from amphibolite to subgreenschist facies occur throughout the cores without systematic variations of abundance, the decrease of epidote amount cannot be explained by the difference of temperature condition of alteration. Petrographic observations also revealed that epidote is absent or rare in rocks containing serpentinized olivine in contrast to prehnite showing a close association with serpentinization of olivine. In an exceptional sample containing both epidote and serpentinized olivine, epidote occurs with chlorite that cuts or replaces plagioclase, mantles adjacent olivine and is connected with chlorite + lizardite veins cutting mesh‐forming serpentine veins. The distribution and mode of occurrence of epidote suggest decoupling of its formation with the main stage of serpentinization. Serpentine veins cutting olivine to form mesh texture are typically lizardite with magnetite ribbons at vein centres and have compositions of lizardite–cronstedtite solid solution at vein margins or in magnetite‐free veins, suggesting a chemical condition with low silica and low oxygen potentials at an early stage of serpentinization. Thermodynamic modelling for olivine and plagioclase alteration at greenschist facies conditions indicates that silica potential for plagioclase alteration to form prehnite + chlorite and epidote + chlorite could be higher than for olivine serpentinization. On the other hand, oxygen potential for the prehnite + chlorite formation is lower than for the epidote + chlorite formation and is comparable with that for olivine serpentinization. From the observations and analyses, it is concluded that epidote formation is inhibited by olivine serpentinization, which maintains a reducing condition for alteration in the lower oceanic crust.