bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Tumor Mutational Burden and Outcomes in Patients With Diverse Advanced Cancers Treated With Immunotherapy
Authors: Aggarwal Charu , Ben-Shachar Rotem , Gao Yinjie , Hyun Seung Won , Rivers Zachary , Epstein Carrie , Kaneva Kristiyana , Sangli Chithra , Nimeiri Halla , Patel Jyoti 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceThere are few studies assessing the association of tumor mutational burden (TMB) and clinical outcomes in a large cohort of patients with diverse advanced cancers.ObjectiveTo clinically validate a TMB biomarker from a next-generation sequencing targeted gene panel assay.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA prespecified cohort study using the deidentified clinicogenomic Tempus database of patients sequenced between 2018 and 2022, which contained retrospective, observational data originating from 300 cancer sites including 199 community sites and 101 academic sites. Patients with advanced solid tumors across 8 cancer types and more than 20 histologies, sequenced with Tempus xT who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the first-line or second-line setting were included. Data were analyzed from September 2018 to August 2022.ExposureTreatment with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved antiprogrammed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) ICI and/or in combination with a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 ICI.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the association of tumor mutational burden (TMB) binary category (high [≥10 mut/mb] vs low) with overall survival (OS) in patients treated with ICIs. Secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), and time to progression (TTP).ResultsIn the evaluable cohort of 674 patients, the median (IQR) age was 69.4 (28.6-89.8) years, 271 patients (40.2%) were female, and 435 patients (64.5%) were White. The most common advanced cancers were non–small cell lung cancer (330 patients [49.0%]), followed by bladder cancer (148 patients [22.0%]), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (96 patients [14.8%]). Median (IQR) follow-up was 7.2 (3.2-14.1) months. High TMB (TMB-H) cancers (206 patients [30.6%]) were significantly associated with longer OS than low TMB (TMB-L) cancers (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; upper confidence bound [UCB], 0.91; P = .01). In a prospective subset of 403 patients treated with ICIs after TMB testing, TMB-H cancers (135 patients [33.5%]) were significantly associated with longer OS (HR, 0.61; UCB, 0.84; P = .005), PFS (HR, 0.62; UCB, 0.82; P = .003), and TTP (HR, 0.67; UCB, 0.92; P = .02) than TMB-L cancers. An overall survival benefit was seen regardless of the type of ICI used (pembrolizumab, 339 patients; HR, 0.67; UCB, 0.94; P = .03), other ICIs (64 patients; HR, 0.37; UCB, 0.85; P = .03), and after adjusting for PD-L1 and microsatellite stability status (403 patients; HR = 0.67; UCB, 0.92; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with advanced solid tumors treated with ICIs in diverse clinics, TMB-H cancers were significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes compared with TMB-L cancers.
Hybrid Shear‐Thinning Hydrogel Integrating Hyaluronic Acid with ROS‐Responsive Nanoparticles
Authors: Bezold Mariah G. , Hanna Andrew R. , Dollinger Bryan R. , Patil Prarthana , Yu Fang , Duvall Craig L. , Gupta Mukesh K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNanoparticle (NP) supra‐assembly offers unique opportunities to tune macroscopic hydrogels’ mechanical strength, material degradation, and drug delivery properties. Here, synthetic, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive NPs are physically cross‐linked with hyaluronic acid (HA) through guest‐host chemistry to create shear‐thinning NP/HA hydrogels. A library of triblock copolymers composed of poly(propylene sulfide)‐b‐poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐b‐poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide‐co‐N‐(1‐adamantyl)acrylamide) are synthesized with varied triblock architectures and adamantane grafting densities and then self‐assembled into NPs displaying adamantane on their surface. Self‐assembled NPs are mixed with β‐cyclodextrin grafted HA to yield eighteen NP/HA hydrogel formulations. The NP/HA hydrogel platform demonstrates superior mechanical strength to HA‐only hydrogels, susceptibility to oxidative/enzymatic degradation, and inherent cell‐protective, antioxidant function. The performance of NP/HA hydrogels is shown to be affected by triblock architecture, guest/host grafting densities, and HA composition. In particular, the length of the hydrophilic second block and adamantane grafting density of self‐assembled NPs significantly impacts hydrogel mechanical properties and shear‐thinning behavior, while ROS‐reactivity of poly(propylene sulfide) protects cells from cytotoxic ROS and reduces oxidative degradation of HA compared to HA‐only hydrogels. This study provides insight into polymer structure‐function considerations for designing hybrid NP/HA hydrogels and identifies antioxidant, shear‐thinning hydrogels as promising injectable delivery platforms for small molecule drugs and therapeutic cells.
NIR Mechanoluminescence from Cr3+ Activated Y3Al5O12 with Intense Zero Phonon line
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Yu Xue , Peng Qingpeng , Zhu Xiaodie , Xiao Jianqiang , Xu Jiangtao , Jiang Shouxiang , Qiu Jianbei , Xu Xuhui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML) materials with long‐wavelength emission bands are essential for future in vivo bioimaging, non‐destructive testing of solids, etc. The lack of a defined mechanism, however, prevents the application of near infrared ML materials above 650 nm in several new fields. Here, the addition of Ga3+ ions to Y3Al5O12: Cr3+ manipulates matrix microstructure evolution, boosting near‐infrared (NIR) zero‐phonon line (ZPL) stress optical output of the Cr3+ ion at 688 nm. The key factor changing the crystal field intensity Dq/B due to the addition of Ga3+ ions is what causes the luminescence amplification of ZPL. The ML fabricated by composite polydimethylsiloxane and Y3Al4GaO12: Cr3+ (YAGG: Cr3+) may penetrate chicken feet epidermal tissue and 4 mm pork tissue thanks to the strong NIR ZPL emission of YAGG: Cr3+ phosphor. This discovery of enhancing near‐infrared ZPL intensity by solid solution provides us with a new technique for optimizing NIR ML materials, as well as a new prospect for NIR ML materials in biological applications.
Phase Transition Induced Thermal Reversible Luminescent of Perovskite Quantum Dots Fibers
Authors: Zheng Jinxiao , Yue Guichu , Zhou Zi'an , Li Hui , Hou Lanlan , Sun Chenghua , Li Xuanze , Kang Lei , Wang Nü , Zhao Yong , Zhou Shuyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConverting and patterning high‐quality perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) into flexible thin films is of great significance for high‐performance solid‐state optical applications. However, the poor stability and low quantum efficiency of PQDs after film formation is a big challenge hindering their usability. Here, an in situ synthesis strategy to prepare ligand‐free long‐term stable CsPb(Br0.3I0.7)3@poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) PQDs fibers with thermal responsive fluorescence performance is demonstrated. The luminescence of the CsPb(Br0.3I0.7)3@PMMA PQDs fibers can rapidly and reversibly quench and recover between heating and cooling cycles. It reveals that the thermally induced phase transition of CsPb(Br0.3I0.7)3 results in this thermally reversible luminescence phenomenon. This temperature‐reversible luminescence characteristic not only deepens the comprehension of the temperature‐dependent phase transition behavior of perovskite materials but also broadens their applications in the fields of information encryption storage, anti‐counterfeiting, temperature warning, and other temperature‐responsive fields.
N‐Rich Solid Electrolyte Interface Constructed In Situ Via a Binder Strategy for Highly Stable Silicon Anode
Authors: Wang Yuxiao , Yang Xiaofei , Yuan Ye , Wang Zhi , Zhang Hongzhang , Li Xianfeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSilicon (Si) is regarded as a promising anode material for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries due to its high specific capacity (4200 mAh g−1) and low potential (0.3 V vs Li+/Li). However, the large volume change (over 300%) of Si during the lithiation/delithiation process leads to severe pulverization, electrode structure destruction, and finally capacity fading, which slows down its step to practical application. Herein, a poly(vinylamine) (PVAm) binder containing amino (NH2) and amide (NHCHO) is proposed to improve the stability of Si anodes from particle to electrode structure. The N‐containing functional groups show strong interaction with the Si particles and form a uniform and thin layer on the surface, which would decompose and form an N‐rich inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer during discharging. The high mechanical stability N‐rich SEI helps relieve the pulverization of Si particles through stress dissipation, maintains electrode structural stability, and reduces the loss of active materials. Thus, the Si anode with PVAm binder exhibits high capacity of ≈2000 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles, which is much higher than that of using Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binder (66 mAh g−1) and Poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA binder (820 mAh g−1). This facile and practical strategy provides a new perspective for the application of Si anodes in advanced batteries.
In Situ Reconstruction of Electrocatalysts for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Zeng Pan , Su Bin , Wang Xiaolian , Li Xiaoqin , Yuan Cheng , Liu Genlin , Dai Kehua , Mao Jing , Chao Dongliang , Wang Qingyuan , Zhang Liang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current research of Li–S batteries primarily focuses on increasing the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts to inhibit the polysulfide shuttling and enhance the redox kinetics. However, the stability of electrocatalysts is largely neglected, given the premise that they are stable over extended cycles. Notably, the reconstruction of electrocatalysts during the electrochemical reaction process has recently been proposed. Such in situ reconstruction process inevitably leads to varied electrocatalytic behaviors, such as catalytic sites, selectivity, activity, and amounts of catalytic sites. Therefore, a crucial prerequisite for the design of highly effective electrocatalysts for Li–S batteries is an in‐depth understanding of the variation of active sites and the influence factors for the in situ reconstruction behaviors, which has not achieved a fundamental understanding and summary. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in understanding the reconstruction behaviors of different electrocatalysts for Li–S batteries during the electrochemical reaction process, mainly including metal nitrides, metal oxides, metal selenides, metal fluorides, metals/alloys, and metal sulfides. Moreover, the unexplored issues and major challenges of understanding the reconstruction chemistry are summarized and prospected. Based on this review, new perspectives are offered into the reconstruction and true active sites of electrocatalysts for Li–S batteries.
Amplification of Cerenkov Luminescence Using Semiconducting Polymers for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Hsu Jessica C. , Aluicio‐Sarduy Eduardo , Barnhart Todd E. , Engle Jonathan W. , Cai Weibo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy is limited by the ability of light to penetrate tissues. Due to this limitation, Cerenkov luminescence (CL) from radionuclides has recently been proposed as an alternative light source in a strategy referred to as Cerenkov radiation‐induced therapy (CRIT). Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have ideal optical properties, such as large absorption cross‐sections and broad absorbance, which can be utilized to harness the relatively weak CL produced by radionuclides. SPNs can be doped with photosensitizers and have ≈100% energy transfer efficiency by multiple energy transfer mechanisms. Herein, an optimized photosensitizer‐doped SPN is investigated as a nanosystem to harness and amplify CL for cancer theranostics. It is found that semiconducting polymers significantly amplify CL energy transfer efficiency. Bimodal positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging studies show high tumor uptake and retention of the optimized SPNs when administered intravenously or intratumorally. Lastly, it is found that photosensitizer‐doped SPNs have excellent potential as a cancer theranostics nanosystem in an in vivo tumor therapy study. This study shows that SPNs are ideally suited to harness and amplify CL for cancer theranostics, which may provide a significant advancement for CRIT that are unabated by tissue penetration limits.
Selective Surface Engineering of Perovskite Microwire Arrays
Authors: Li Dengji , Meng You , Zhang Yuxuan , Xie Pengshan , Zeng Zixin , Wang Wei , Lai Zhengxun , Wang Weijun , Tsang Sai‐Wing , Wang Fei , Liu Chuntai , Lan Changyong , Yip SenPo , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe surface of low‐dimensional perovskites play a crucial role in determining their intrinsic property. Understanding their characteristics and the influence of certain surfaces is valuable in designing functional surface‐engineered structures. Meanwhile, surface passivation can also be applied to stabilize and optimize the state‐of‐the‐art perovskite‐based optoelectronics. Herein, cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) microwire parallel arrays are designed and fabricated with specific (100)‐terminated crystal planes, which exhibit excellent photodetection performance with long‐term environment stability >3000 h. Notably, it is uncovered experimentally and theoretically that environmental oxygen can not only passivate the Br‐vacancy‐related trap states on the (100) surface, but also create charge carrier nanochannels to enhance the (opto)electronic properties. The coupling effects between oxygen species and the specific terminated crystal planes of perovskites highlight the importance of surface engineering for designing and optimizing perovskite‐based devices.
Body Heat Powered Wirelessly Wearable System for Real‐time Physiological and Biochemical Monitoring
Authors: An Zijian , Fu QiQi , Lv Jingjiang , Zhou Tao , Wu Yue , Lu Yanli , Liu Guang , Shi Zhenghan , li Xin , Zhang Fenni , Liu Qingjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThrough harvesting energy from the environment or human body, self‐power wearable electronics have an opportunity to break through the limitations of battery supply and achieving long‐term continuous operation. Here, a wireless wearable monitoring system driven entirely by body heat is implemented. Based on the principle of maximizing heat utilization, while optimizing internal resistance and heat dissipation, the stretchable TEG improves the power density of previous similar devices from only a few microwatts per square centimeter to tens and makes it possible to continuously drive wireless wearable electronic systems. Furthermore, ceaseless self‐power energy gives wearable electronics unparalleled continuous working ability, which can realize the tracking and monitoring of biochemical and physiological indicators at different time scale. A practical system demonstrates the ability to real‐time monitor heart rate, sweat ingredient and body motion at a high sampling rate. This study marks an important advance of self‐powered wearable electronics for wirelessly real‐time healthy monitoring.
Development of a Novel DNA Aptamer Targeting Colorectal Cancer Cell‐Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agent
Authors: Cha Byung Seok , Jang Young Jun , Lee Eun Sung , Kim Do Yeon , Woo Ji Su , Son Jinseo , Kim Seokjoon , Shin Jiye , Han Jinjoo , Kim Seokhwan , Park Ki Soo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) as the second leading cause of global cancer deaths poses critical challenges in clinical settings. Cancer‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which are secreted by cancer cells, have been shown to mediate tumor development, invasion, and even metastasis, and have thus received increasing attention for the development of cancer diagnostic or therapeutic platforms. In the present study, the sEV‐targeted systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (E‐SELEX) is developed to generate a high‐quality aptamer (CCE‐10F) that recognizes and binds to CRC‐derived sEVs. Via an in‐depth investigation, it is confirmed that this novel aptamer possesses high affinity (Kd = 3.41 nm) for CRC‐derived sEVs and exhibits a wide linear range (2.0 × 104–1.0 × 106 particles µL−1) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 × 103 particles µL−1. Furthermore, the aptamer discriminates CRC cell‐derived sEVs from those derived from normal colon cell, human serum, and other cancer cells, showing high specificity for CRC cell‐derived sEVs and significantly suppresses the critical processes of metastasis, including cellular migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, which are originally induced by sEVs themselves. These findings are highly encouraging for the potential use of the aptamer in sEV‐based diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Multi‐Resonant Mie Resonator Arrays for Broadband Light Trapping in Ultrathin c‐Si Solar Cells
Authors: Lee Nayeun , Xue Muyu , Hong Jiho , van de Groep Jorik , Brongersma Mark Luitzen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEffective photon management is critical to realize high power conversion efficiencies for thin crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells. Standard few‐100‐µm‐thick bulk cells achieve light trapping with macroscopic surface textures covered by thin, continuous antireflection coatings. Such sizeable textures are challenging to implement on ultrathin cells. Here, it is illustrated how nanoscale Mie‐resonator‐arrays with a bimodal size distribution support multiple resonances that can work in concert to achieve simultaneous antireflection and light‐trapping across the broad solar spectrum. The effectiveness of these light‐trapping antireflection coatings is experimentally demonstrated on a 2.8 µm‐thick c‐Si solar cell. The measured short‐circuit current and corresponding power conversion efficiency are notably improved, achieving efficiencies as high as 11.2%. Measurements of the saturation current density on completed cells indicate that thermal oxides can effectively limit surface recombination. The presented design principles are applicable to a wide range of solar cells.
Direct Probing of Lattice‐Strain‐Induced Oxygen Release in LiCoO2 and Li2MnO3 without Electrochemical Cycling
Authors: Kim Dongho , Hwang Jaejin , Byeon Pilgyu , Kim Wonsik , Kang Dong Gyu , Bae Hyung Bin , Lee Sang‐Gil , Han Seung Min , Lee Jaekwang , Chung Sung‐Yoon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince the recognition of a significant oxygen‐redox contribution to enhancing the capacity of Li transition‐metal oxide cathodes, the oxygen release and subsequent structural variations together with capacity fading are critical issues to achieve better electrochemical performance. As most previous reports dealt with the structural degradation of cathodes after electrochemical cycling, it is fairly difficult to clarify how substantial the effect of lattice strain on the oxygen release will be while exclusively ruling out any electrochemical influences. By utilizing nanoindentation and mechanical surface polishing of single‐crystal LiCoO2 and Li2MnO3, the local variations of both the atomic structure and oxygen content are scrutinized. Atomic‐column‐resolved imaging reveals that local LiM (M = Co and Mn) disordering and further amorphization are induced by mechanical strain. Moreover, substantial oxygen deficiency in the regions with these structural changes is directly identified by spectroscopic analyses. Ab initio density functional theory calculations also demonstrate energetically favorable formation of oxygen vacancies under shear strain. Providing direct evidence of oxygen release as a consequence of lattice strain, the findings in this work suggest that efficient strain relaxation will be of great significance for longevity of the anion framework in layered oxide cathodes.
A Biodegradable, Waterproof, and Thermally Processable Cellulosic Bioplastic Enabled by Dynamic Covalent Modification
Authors: Zhou Guowen , Zhang Haishan , Su Zhiping , Zhang Xiaoqian , Zhou Haonan , Yu Le , Chen Chaoji , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe growing environmental concern over petrochemical‐based plastics continuously promotes the exploration of green and sustainable substitute materials. Compared with petrochemical products, cellulose has overwhelming superiority in terms of availability, cost, and biodegradability; however, cellulose's dense hydrogen‐bonding network and highly ordered crystalline structure make it hard to be thermoformed. A strategy to realize the partial disassociation of hydrogen bonds in cellulose and the reassembly of cellulose chains via constructing a dynamic covalent network, thereby endowing cellulose with thermal processability as indicated by the observation of a moderate glass transition temperature (Tg = 240 °C), is proposed. Moreover, the cellulosic bioplastic delivers a high tensile strength of 67 MPa, as well as excellent moisture and solvent resistance, good recyclability, and biodegradability in nature. With these advantageous features, the developed cellulosic bioplastic represents a promising alternative to traditional plastics.
BiFeO3 Nanoparticles: The “Holy‐Grail” of Piezo‐Photocatalysts?
Authors: Amdouni Wafa , Fricaudet Matthieu , Otoničar Mojca , Garcia Vincent , Fusil Stephane , Kreisel Jens , Maghraoui‐Meherzi Hager , Dkhil Brahim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently, piezoelectric‐based catalysis has been demonstrated to be an efficient means and promising alternative to sunlight‐driven photocatalysis, where mechanical vibrations trigger redox reactions. Here, 60 nm‐size BiFeO3 nanoparticles are shown to be very effective for piezo‐degrading Rhodamine B (RhB) model dye with record degradation rate reaching 13 810 L mol−1 min−1, and even 41 750 L mol−1 min−1 (i.e., 100% RhB degradation within 5 min) when piezocatalysis is synergistically combined with sunlight photocatalysis. These BiFeO3 piezocatalytic nanoparticles are also demonstrated to be versatile toward several dyes and pharmaceutical pollutants, with over 80% piezo‐decomposition within 120 min. The maintained high piezoelectric coefficient combined with low dielectric constant, high‐elastic modulus, and the nanosized shape make these BiFeO3 nanoparticles extremely efficient piezocatalysts. To avoid subsequent secondary pollution and enable their reusability, the BiFeO3 nanoparticles are further embedded in a polymer P(VDF‐TrFE) matrix. The as‐designed flexible, chemically stable, and recyclable nanocomposites still keep remarkable piezocatalytic and piezo‐photocatalytic performances (i.e., 92% and 100% RhB degradation, respectively, within 20 min). This work opens a new research avenue for BiFeO3 that is the model multiferroic and offers a new platform for water cleaning, as well as other applications such as water splitting, CO2 reduction, or surface purification.