bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription practices related to maintenance intravenous fluid in children
Authors: Harish Kamlesh , Gupta Garima , Kumar Deepak , Pemde Harish Kumar , Roychoudhari Snehanshu 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Maintenance intravenous fluids (IVFs) play a key role in patient management. However, the type of fluids that has to be used should be prudently selected. Past surveys depict the tendency of residents to prescribe hypotonic fluids, following the traditional practice. The increased incidence of hyponatremia has been reported with the use of hypotonic fluids. The study was conducted to investigate the composition and volume of maintenance IVFs prescribed by pediatricians in various clinical settings.

Subjects and Methods:
A predesigned questionnaire was generated online and distributed via E-mail to pediatricians from teaching institutes, general hospitals, and private clinics. Different clinical scenarios were created, and respondents were asked the composition and volume of IVFs to be prescribed.

Results:
A total of 438 responses were analyzed. Hypotonic fluids for maintenance therapy were selected by 47% of respondents irrespective of patient's age and clinical condition, whereas 83% opted for hypotonic fluids for infants <2 months, and half of them prescribed very hypotonic fluids in these infants. Isotonic fluids were considered significant in central nervous system infections, head trauma, and as an initial fluid for the management of shock. Variability is evident for the preference of hypotonic versus isotonic fluids and is affected by the clinical position, experience, and workplace of the respondents.

Conclusions:
The outcome of this survey portrays that the participants are not well aware of the fluid management protocols for children. Formulation of universal guidelines and their implementation is required as the priority to overcome this uncertainty to provide the best care to pediatric patients.
Assessment of Quality of Life in Vitiligo Patients in terms of Clinical Severity and Psychological Burden in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sajan Cyril , Shah Priyanshi R. , Mahajan Rashmi , Chandrakar Vikas , Baxi Disha , Patel Hiral 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Vitiligo is characterized depigmented macules and patches over the skin. It has a major impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients, many of whom feel distressed and stigmatized by their condition.

Aim:
To assess QoL in vitiligo patients in terms of clinical severity and psychological burden.

Materials and Methods:
An observational study on 60 patients with age ≥16 years was conducted at an outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected in a predesigned pro forma. The QoL of patients and family members was assessed using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Family DLQI (FDLQI), respectively. The clinical severity was measured using Vitiligo Area Severity Index (VASI) and psychological burden by Vitiligo Impact Score-22 (VIS-22) questionnaire.

Results:
Sixty patients were included in the study. The mean age was 35.27 ± 2.24. Male-to-female ratio was 1.1:1. About 51.7% of patients were married. Majority of patients were students (30%). The time of presentation after disease onset was 5 years. About 20% of subjects had positive family history. The common sites were face (75%), lower limb (71.67%), and upper limb (60%), with leukotrichia in 11.7% of patients. The mean VASI score at baseline and at 1-month of follow-up after starting treatment was 4.11 ± 0.38 and 3.59 ± 0.58, respectively. The mean DLQI, FDLQI and VIS-22 score were 11.73 ± 0.80, 10.58 ± 0.71, and 37.32 ± 1.53, respectively. VIS-22 and VASI score correlated with changes in DLQI (P < 0.059).

Conclusion:
Vitiligo largely impairs the QoL of patients. The more the clinical severity (high VASI score), the higher the psychological burden, impairing QoL of patients, and family members.
Attitude of Parents Toward Child's Dental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic among the Population of Visnagar, Gujarat
Authors: Bafna Yash , Mehta Ruchir , Fernandes Shoba , Patel Dharati , Mistry Harsh , Shah Kavya 
Published: March 2023

Aims:
This questionnaire-based survey was designed to assess the acquaintance, apprehension, and perceptions of parents toward the COVID-19 pandemic and toward seeking dental care for their children in Visnagar, Gujarat, India.

Settings and Design:
This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study.

Subjects and Methods:
The online Google survey form included 6 units with 27 close-ended questions in twin languages (regional and English). Inquiries covered demographics, changes in daily acts, dietary traditions, and preparedness to seek child oral care during November 2020 to January 2021.

Results:
Out of 400 parents, 172 responded to the electronic survey form. Over half of the guardians affirmed that alveolar treatment could fan out COVID-19. Around 90% resorted to medication (self-medication – 39%, home remedies – 32.6%, and teledentistry – 17.4%) to evade personal dental visits for their children.

Conclusions:
The awareness about COVID-19 and precautions was significantly high. Though parents were unaware about safeguards practiced by dentists during Covid19. Measures were taken to correct misconceptions among parents about safe dental procedures.
The Community of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Ratlam City, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Sajan Cyril , Jacob Elizabeth 
Published: March 2023

Background: Not long ago, the National AIDS Control Organization awakened the matter of men who have sex with men (MSM) and incorporated it as the most important group population. Targeted interventions (TI), as projected in the NACP-III, have made dauntless efforts to launch about, that this group demands an urgent and intensive attention, indicating a significant amount of departure from its previous polices. All above-mentioned reasons prompted us to undertake this study on evaluating the risk of MSM for sexually transmitted infections.

Methods:
A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted and all the acquired data were entered using epi info version 3.5 software and along with proper statistical procedures. Results: In the current study, 156 participants were involved, of which 90% of respondents were male and the remaining were transgender. Majority of the participants in the present study were involved in MSM activity with both regular and nonregular partners (RP)/casual partners. In the present study, 85.3% of the study participants were involved in MSM activity with a regular partner in the last 6 months, which is similar to nonregular partners reflecting high-risk activity.

Conclusion:
This study offers compelling evidence that MSM is more vulnerable to HIV due to a variety of variables. According to the current studies, about 37% of MSM were married. This brings up additional issues, such as the fact that women often contract HIV, because they are partners of men who are members of the population groups that are most at risk for HIV infection, such as MSM, rather than due to their own sexual behavior.
Medication Adherence and Adverse Drug Reactions of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Kakinada
Authors: Kruthika M. Mani , Devi Kandavalli Sri , Prasad K. V. Siva , Devi Pilla S. Surya Durga 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) have a synergistic effect. Suppression of the immune system by HIV increases the risk for TB infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV). It is known for many years that isoniazid 300 mg for a period of 6 months is given for the prevention of TB.

Aim:
The present study is a prospective study to assess adverse drug reaction (ADR) and patient adherence to isoniazid in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Subjects and Methods:
A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 2 months, i.e., January 2021 and February 2021, in the department of ART at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Kakinada. This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. The adherence to Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) was assessed using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and all the ADRs reported were assessed for clinical pattern, causality, severity, and preventability.

Results:
Out of 122 reports, a total of 37 reactions occurred in 24 people. Rash and itching are the majorly reported ADRs, followed by headache and giddiness. According to the WHO causality assessment scale, 21 (87.5%) of the reported cases were probable and 3 (12.5%) were possibly related to suspected medication. Major ADRs were mild (91.6%) according to the severity assessment done by Modified Hartwig and Siegel Scale.

Conclusions:
Medication adherence is good (61.4%) in the majority of the population (PLHIV), in spite of mild ADRs. The majority of ADRs are mild in nature and the necessity for dechallenge did not arise. Most of the ADRs come under probable, and the majority of them are preventable by proper periodic assessment.
Reduction of Kummer surfaces modulo 2 in the non-supersingular case
Authors: Lazda Christopher , Skorobogatov Alexei 
Published: March 2023

We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the good reduction of Kummer surfaces attached to abelian surfaces with non-supersingular reduction when the residue field is perfect of characteristic 2. In this case, good reduction with an algebraic space model is equivalent to good reduction with a scheme model, which we explicitly construct.Comment: 31 pages, comments welcome!
Estimación del consumo de combustible en un vehículo Ford Explorer aplicando la técnica Ecodriving en la ciudad de Guayaquil
Authors: Vinicio Noroña Merchán Marco , Alexandra Jerez Mayorga Daniela , Mero Cindy Melissa Loor , Barrezueta Manuel Fernando Gómez 
Published: March 2023

En la actualidad el incremento en el costo del combustible, el cambio climático, los problemas de salud por contaminación atmosférica y los problemas de carácter socioeconómico; que éstos acarrean han sido los principales motivantes para el desarrollo de alternativas para el ahorro energético. La gama de automóviles propulsado por gasolina son uno de los cuales tiene una mayor oportunidad de mejora en cuanto a eficiencia energética se refiere. Una estrategia de eficiencia es modificar el estilo de los conductores a un modo conocido como Ecodriving, que se puede aplicar a vehículos alimentados por gasóleo. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar el consumo de combustible en un motor de combustión interna por chispa, aplicando un modo de conducción normal y uno de conducción eficiente, en un vehículo Ford Explorer con un motor 2.3L I-4 TiVCT Turbo Ecoboost. Para ello se utiliza el método de investigación cuantitativo ya que, por medio de fijar una ruta de una distancia de 24 km de recorrido de ida y 26 km de recorrido de vuelta, que tiene una ruta de alto tráfico, cuenta con un gran número de semáforos a lo largo del trayecto y esta ruta se encuentra una variación de límites de velocidad en todo el trazado delimitado. Mediante el dispositivo OBII Azuga se obtiene varios parámetros que se registraran al aplicar un estilo de conducción normal y un estilo de conducción ecológica. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que al aplicar un modo de conducción ecológica se reduce el consumo instantáneo de combustible obteniendo beneficios de ahorro de combustible en la ciudad de Guayaquil y mayor rendimiento por galón.
The effectiveness of the use of various methods of shock wave therapy in the complex treatment of athletes with lateral epicondylitis
Authors: Ivanov M. V. , Samoylov A. S. , Pustovoyt V. I. 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of various methods of shock wave therapy in the complex treatment of athletes with lateral epicondylitis.Materials and methods: the study involved 122 people. with a diagnosis of Lateral epicondylitis, aged 20 to 45 years, of which 55 (45.1 %) women and 67 (54.9 %) men. All patients were divided into 4 groups: a control group, which included 28 people who underwent standard treatment, and 3 groups, a total of 94 people, who underwent shock wave procedures using various methods against the background of standard treatment. The examination included the collection of complaints, anamnesis, physical examination, assessment of the function of the upper limb using the QuickDASH questionnaire, assessment of tennis elbow using the PRTEE questionnaire, carpal dynamometry was performed on a MEGEON-34090 dynamometer, and statistical methods. All studies were conducted before, after treatment, as well as after 3 weeks and 1 month. after treatment.Results: shockwave therapy applied to tendons, flexors of the hand, and triceps brachii outperformed shockwaves to tendons or tendons and flexors of the hand in terms of Upper Limb Functional Activity (DASH) (p < 0,05) and score tennis elbow (PRTEE) (p < 0,05) after 3 weeks and after 1 month after treatment.Conclusion: reducing the severity of pain syndrome and functional disorders of the upper limb when performing various types of activities, when conducting shock wave therapy on the area of the tendons, flexor muscles of the hand and the triceps muscle of the shoulder indicates a faster recovery of the functions of the upper limb, which is especially important for athletes.
Analysis of the effectiveness of countering doping in sports in the framework of medical and biological support for athletes of national teams
Authors: Derevoedov A. A. , Zholinsky A. V. , Feshchenko V. S. , Vykhodets I. T. , Pavlova A. A. 
Published: March 2023

Objective: analysis of the effectiveness of combating doping in sports in the process of medical and biological support of athletes forming the national teams of the Russian Federation, and determining its ways.Materials and methods: based on the reports of anti-doping organizations for 2017–2022, sociological studies of the prevalence of doping in sports and therapeutic use structures, a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators reflecting the directions of various doping encounters was carried out.Results: a significant discrepancy was revealed between the assessment of the prevalence of anti-doping rule violations based on the results of sociological surveys and the results of laboratory anti-doping studies.A significant positive dynamic of approval of therapeutic use exemptions, which allowed doubling the share of positive decisions of anti-doping organizations is shown.The main directions of improving anti-doping work in the process of carrying out medical and biological support measures are determined.
Improving the indicators of schoolchildren’s adaptation to physical activity using an individual approach, taking into account the types of vegetative regulation
Authors: Gorelik V. V. , Filippova S. N. , Nazarenko N. N. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: physiological substantiation of the physical activity selection based on the differences in the functional state of schoolchildren with different types of cardiovascular system autonomic regulation.Methods: 60 schoolchildren, 12 years old, were examined. The experimental group consisted of schoolchildren who were engaged in physical exercises for 6 months according to the developed individual typological program. Students in the control group followed the school programm. The assessment of the functional state was carried out by the method of “Express assessment of the physical health of schoolchildren” and the method of diagnosing indicators of heart rate variability.Results: at the beginning of the survey, the indicators in the experimental group and the control group were determined by the characteristics of 4 types of autonomic regulation: I, II, III, IV. Of these, I, II corresponded to the predominance of sympathetic-tonic destabilizing influences on the cardiovascular system, in IV parasympathetic influences prevailed, manifested in the asthenia of the functional state of students. Whereas type III refers to the physiological norm and manifested itself in the form of a balance of regulatory influences of the parts of the autonomic nervous system.Conclusions: at the control examination, the indicators of adaptation and health improved in all types of schoolchildren, while in the control group there was no positive dynamics of indicators of adaptation and health. This testifies to the effectiveness of individually typologically oriented classes at a physical education lesson as having a health-improving effect on schoolchildren.
Tocilizumab for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hao Qiukui , Grobelna Aleksandra 
Published: March 2023

Patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder treated with tocilizumab may experience decreased risks of relapse or disability progression compared to before treatment, but it is uncertain whether these changes can be entirely attributed to tocilizumab (TCZ) treatment.
TCZ might be better than azathioprine for patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in reducing relapse risk.
TCZ might improve or have no impact on pain and fatigue measures for patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
Adverse events were common during TCZ treatment, but patients treated with TCZ may experience adverse events at a similar or lower rate to those treated with azathioprine.
One evidence-based guideline suggests that TCZ can be used as 1 of the second-line drugs to prevent long-term relapse for patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder who have no response to other immunosuppressants.
We did not find any studies that compared TCZ to other immunosuppressants or any studies on the cost-effectiveness of TCZ for treating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder that met the inclusion criteria for this report.
Development of the morphodynamics on Little Ice Age lateral moraines in 10 glacier forefields of the Eastern Alps since the 1950s
Authors: Betz-Nutz Sarah , Heckmann Tobias , Haas Florian , Becht Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the middle of the 19th century, Alpine glaciers have been subject to severe recession that is
enhanced by the recent global warming. The melting glaciers expose large
areas with loose sediments in the form of lateral moraines, amongst other forms. Due to their instability and high slope angle, the lateral moraines are reworked by geomorphological processes such as debris flows, slides, or fluvial erosion. In this study, the development of the morphodynamics and changes in geomorphological processes on lateral moraines were observed over decades, based on a selection of 10 glacier forefields in the Eastern Alps. To identify geomorphological changes over time, several datasets of archival aerial images reaching back to the 1950s were utilized in order to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) and DEMs of difference. The aerial images were complemented by recent drone images for selected moraine sections, enabling a high-resolution analysis of the processes currently occurring. The results concerning the development of morphodynamics on lateral moraine sections are diverse: some slopes display a stagnation of the erosion rates, whereas the rates of one section
increase significantly; however, the majority of the slopes show a decline in morphodynamics over decades but stay on a high level in many cases. In particular, moraine sections with high morphodynamics at the beginning of the observation period mostly show high erosion rates up until present-day measurements, with values up to 11 cm yr−1. These moraine sections also feature heavy gullying on their upper slopes. A correlation between the development of morphodynamics and the time since deglaciation could scarcely be established. In fact, the results instead indicate that characteristics of the lateral moraines such as the initial slope angle at the time of deglaciation have a significant influence on the later morphodynamics. These observations raise concerns as to whether the until now often conducted
analyses based on the comparison of lateral moraine sections with different distances to the glacier terminus, assumed to represent varying time spans since deglaciation, can provide sound evidence concerning the process of
stabilization.
The presumption of innocence as a constitutional phenomenon
Authors: Shupitskaya A. N. 
Published: March 2023

Report. The presumption of innocence is a legal phenomenon that constantly attracts the attention of researchers. It is considered in legal science from the point of view of its origin, legal formalization, content and meaning. The interest in this problem is caused, on the one hand, by the multidimensional nature of this presumption, and, on the other, by its practical significance not only for society and the state, but, first of all, for a specific individual. The presumption of innocence is usually considered by specialists in the field of criminal law and criminal procedure, since, in their opinion, it belongs to the criminal sphere, the sphere of judicial proceedings, evidence. Meanwhile, such a view of the problem, it seems, limits the true essence of the phenomenon and reduces its significance.The purpose of this study is to substantiate the constitutional nature of the principle of the presumption of innocence.Research methodology. In this work, general scientific and private scientific research methods were used, such as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and the case method.The results of the conducted research. As a result of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the presumption of innocence is a constitutional principle. The constitutional nature of this phenomenon is inherent in its nature, sources, content, meaning. Conclusions. The presumption of innocence is a constitutional principle. Considering it exclusively through the prism of criminal law and criminal procedure, as an element of judicial proceedings related to the theory of evidence and the adversarial nature of the parties, greatly limits its role and significance, leads to too narrow an understanding of its content. The presumption of innocence is a legal phenomenon that affects various social relations, including those related to the electoral process, to administrative proceedings, to tax relations, etc. As a constitutional principle, the presumption of innocence interacts with other constitutional principles: the principle of the rule of law, the social state, the democratic state, freedom, equality, justice, legality, etc. The presumption of innocence expresses the balance of the public and private interests of a state-organized society. The existence of this one of the most important constitutional phenomenon shows the value of the individual in the legal system.