bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone for Inpatients With COVID-19 in a National Cohort
Authors: Mourad Ahmad , Thibault Dylan , Holland Thomas L. , Yang Siyun , Young Allison R. , Arnold Egloff Shanna A. , Thomas Laine E. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceLimited effective therapeutics are available to hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Clinical trials and observational studies have shown varying effects of systemic corticosteroids, including dexamethasone, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, with limited descriptions of important patient subgroups.ObjectiveTo examine the clinical use of dexamethasone for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 respiratory illness and to explore the heterogeneity of treatment outcomes across different subgroups.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a retrospective, propensity score–weighted cohort study of adult patients hospitalized for at least 48 hours for COVID-19 respiratory illness between July 1, 2020, and October 31, 2021, at a large health care network of 156 hospitals across the US. Data analysis was performed from March 2022 to February 2023.ExposuresSystemic dexamethasone administered within 48 hours of either admission or escalation in oxygen support.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll-cause in-hospital mortality or discharge to hospice.ResultsA total of 80 699 patients who met the eligibility criteria were identified (median [IQR] age, 64 [52-76] years; 37 606 women [46.6%]); 13 230 patients (16.4%) identified as Black, 49 222 (60.9%) as White, 18 247 (22.6%) as other race, and 20 340 (25.2%) as Hispanic ethnicity. Of these patients, 13 040 (16.2%) did not require supplemental oxygen within 48 hours of admission, 56 368 (69.8%) required supplemental oxygen, 7618 (9.4%) required noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and 3673 (4.6%) required mechanical ventilation (MV) and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). After adjustment by propensity score overlap weighting, early use of dexamethasone was associated with reduction in a composite outcome of in-hospital mortality or discharge to hospice for patients receiving supplemental oxygen (aOR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.98) and MV and/or ECMO (aOR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-0.99). In contrast, all-cause inpatient mortality or discharge to hospice was not lower for patients who received dexamethasone in the no supplemental oxygen group (aOR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.78-1.03) and in the NIPPV group (aOR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73-1.04). Importantly, patients with more comorbidities had greater benefit from dexamethasone use.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this national multicenter cohort study of inpatients with COVID-19, early administration of dexamethasone was associated with significantly reduced odds of mortality or discharge to hospice in those requiring supplemental oxygen or MV and/or ECMO but not in those requiring no supplemental oxygen or NIPPV. These results support the continued use of systemic dexamethasone in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Identifying temporal dynamics in post‐release survival of a restored large ungulate
Authors: Pero Ellen M. , Chitwood M. Colter , Hildreth Aaron M. , Keller Barbara J. , Sumners Jason A. , Hansen Lonnie P. , Isabelle Jason L. , Millspaugh Joshua J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Wildlife translocation is an important conservation tool for restoring species and reducing global biodiversity decline; however, this practice is challenging for wildlife, and translocated individuals must adjust to their release landscapes for restoration success. The period following release is a vulnerable time for wildlife and determining when animals acclimate following translocation improves long‐term estimates of population dynamics and allows researchers to efficiently tailor translocation design and post‐release management to each population's needs.

We evaluated demographic acclimation and investigated changes in post‐release survival of a population of 106 elk Cervus canadensis translocated to Missouri, USA, in 2011–2013 using generalized survival modelling. We defined the acclimation period as the duration of time prior to stabilization in mortality risk relative to time from release, and we evaluated acclimation duration from flexible plots of estimated mortality hazards across time. We simultaneously investigated factors contributing to post‐release survival and compared survival rates and mortality sources observed during acclimation and post‐acclimation periods.

Elevated mortality risk for translocated elk spanned a 5‐month acclimation period following release, with an additional 1‐year period reflecting reduced, but still elevated, mortality hazards. Baseline hazards during the initial 5‐month acclimation period were approximately four times higher than the subsequent 4.4 years following release.

Release cohort, but not age class or sex, was associated with post‐release mortality risk, and mortality sources within the acclimation period tended to be undetermined with greater frequency relative to mortalities occurring after the acclimation period.

Our results highlight the utility of flexible modelling approaches to evaluate dynamic post‐release responses of translocated populations. Translocated elk demonstrated a pronounced demographic acclimation period that spanned 5 months following release. Changes in mortality sources and the timing of stabilization in mortality hazards suggest that demographic acclimation in translocated elk was associated with adjustments in physiological stress and movement rates which stabilized over a similar post‐release duration. Improving post‐release monitoring and assessment of restored populations by evaluating temporal dynamics of manifold biological and ecological responses as translocated animals acclimate to their new landscapes is vital to successful restoration efforts.
A Scalable, Robust Polyvinyl‐Butyral‐Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte with Outstanding Ionic Conductivity for Laminated Large‐Area WO3–NiO Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Wang Xueqi , Yang Ye , Jin Qiongya , Lou Qicun , Hu Qizhao , Xie Ziling , Song Weijie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolyvinyl butyral (PVB) is a well‐established polymer interlayer material that has been used in laminated safety glass panels for over 80 years. However, its intrinsically poor ionic conductivity (σ) severely restricts its widespread application as a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) for laminated WO3–NiO electrochromic devices (ECDs). Here, a new strategy for significantly improving the σ of PVB via a cross‐linking reaction with 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560) is presented. The cross‐linked PVB‐SPE with 10 wt.% KH560 exhibits the highest room‐temperature σ value among the investigated samples (1.51 × 10−4 S cm−1), which is also higher than that of previously reported PVB‐based SPEs (10−5–10−7 S cm−1). Additionally, the prepared SPE exhibits comprehensive optical, mechanical, and thermal performances, including a high visible transmittance (>91%), relatively high adhesive strength (2.13 MPa), and superior thermal stability (up to 150 °C). Laminated WO3–NiO ECDs with dimensions of 5 × 5 cm2 and 20 × 20 cm2, fabricated by leveraging the aforementioned properties of the electrolyte, operate stably at temperatures ranging from −20 to 80 °C, underscoring the potential of the PVB‐SPE for realizing commercially viable large‐area ECDs.
All‐Organic Smart Textile Sensor for Deep‐Learning‐Assisted Multimodal Sensing
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Song Yilin , Xie Peng , Zhang Fan , Xie Tao , Liu Gang , Zhao Jiyu , Han Su‐Ting , Zhou Ye 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSmart textile for sensor is identified as a superior platform with greatly improved convenience and comfort for wearable bioelectronics. However, most reported textile‐based sensors cannot fully demonstrate the inherent advantages of textiles, such as comfortability, breathability, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness, mainly due to the intrinsic limitation of non‐textile or inorganic components. Here, an all‐textile, all‐organic, washable, and breathable sensor with discriminable pressure, proximity, and temperature sensing function is first reported. Multiple sensing functions and outstanding washability are demonstrated. The all‐textile sensor can also be seamlessly integrated into diverse types of fabrics to realize wide‐range sensing of human activities and noncontact stimuli without sacrificing biocompatibility and comfortability. Additionally, by combining with the deep‐learning technique, an all‐textile sensing system is established to recognize object shape, contactless trajectory, and even environmental temperature. These results open a new avenue for designing low‐cost, washable, comfortable, and biocompatible green textile electronics, providing a meaningful guideline in intelligent textiles.
Inhibition of Ion Migration for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhong Yang , Yang Jia , Wang Xueying , Liu Yikun , Cai Qianqian , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, organic‐inorganic halide perovskites are now emerging as the most attractive alternatives for next‐generation photovoltaic devices, due to their excellent optoelectronic characteristics and low manufacturing cost. However, the resultant perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) are intrinsically unstable owing to ion migration, which severely impedes performance enhancement, even with device encapsulation. There is no doubt that the investigation of ion migration and the summarization of recent advances in inhibition strategies are necessary to develop “state‐of‐the‐art” PVSCs with high intrinsic stability for accelerated commercialization. This review systematically elaborates on the generation and fundamental mechanisms of ion migration in PVSCs, the impact of ion migration on hysteresis, phase segregation, and operational stability, and the characterizations for ion migration in PVSCs. Then, many related works on the strategies for inhibiting ion migration toward highly efficient and stable PVSCs are summarized. Finally, the perspectives on the current obstacles and prospective strategies for inhibition of ion migration in PVSCs to boost operational stability and meet all of the requirements for commercialization success are summarized.
Dyslexia‐Related Hearing Loss Occurs Mainly through the Abnormal Spontaneous Electrical Activity of Spiral Ganglion Neurons
Authors: Hong Guodong , Fu Xiaolong , Chen Xin , Zhang Liyan , Han Xuan , Ding Shuqin , Liu Ziyi , Bi Xiuli , Li Wen , Chang Miao , Qiao Ruifeng , Guo Siwei , Tu Hailong , Chai Renjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDyslexia is a reading and spelling disorder due to neurodevelopmental abnormalities and is occasionally found to be accompanied by hearing loss, but the reason for the associated deafness remains unclear. This study finds that knockout of the dyslexia susceptibility 1 candidate 1 gene (Dyx1c1−/−) in mice, the best gene for studying dyslexia, causes severe hearing loss, and thus it is a good model for studying the mechanism of dyslexia‐related hearing loss (DRHL). This work finds that the Dyx1c1 gene is highly expressed in the mouse cochlea and that the spontaneous electrical activity of inner hair cells and type I spiral ganglion neurons is altered in the cochleae of Dyx1c1−/− mice. In addition, primary ciliary dyskinesia‐related phenotypes such as situs inversus and disrupted ciliary structure are seen in Dyx1c1−/− mice. In conclusion, this study gives new insights into the mechanism of DRHL in detail and suggests that Dyx1c1 may serve as a potential target for the clinical diagnosis of DRHL.
The Importance of Structural Uniformity and Chemical Homogeneity in Cobalt‐Free Lithium Excess Nickel Manganese Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Burke Sven , Whitacre Jay F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study explores the relationships between material quench rate during processing and the resulting structural and electrochemical properties of Li[Ni0.25Li0.167Mn0.583]O2. Samples of this lithium‐rich material are prepared with highly contrasting postfiring cooling methods: a rapid water emersion quench or closed‐door oven cooling. The contrasting approaches result in samples with different structural, chemical, and electrochemical behaviors; after cycling the rapidly quenched material yields greater capacity, greater stability, and initially lower, but more stable voltages than the slower cooled samples. Through the use of scanning tunneling electron microscopy, X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) it is demonstrated that rapidly quenched powders are more structurally uniform and chemically homogenous before cycling. By comparing these precycling sample to postcycling samples, it is then examined how this increased structural uniformity and chemical homogeneity leads to the superior electrochemical properties of the rapidly quenched samples.
Picosecond Time‐Scale Resistive Switching Monitored in Real‐Time
Authors: Csontos Miklós , Horst Yannik , Olalla Nadia Jimenez , Koch Ueli , Shorubalko Ivan , Halbritter András , Leuthold Juerg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe resistance state of filamentary memristors can be tuned by relocating only a few atoms at interatomic distances in the active region of a conducting filament. Thereby the technology holds promise not only in its ultimate downscaling potential and energy efficiency but also in unprecedented speed. Yet, the breakthrough in high‐frequency applications still requires the clarification of the dominant mechanisms and inherent limitations of ultra‐fast resistive switching. Here bipolar, multilevel resistive switchings are investigated in tantalum pentoxide based memristors with picosecond time resolution. Cyclic resistive switching operation due to 20 ps long voltage pulses of alternating polarity are experimentally demonstrated. The analysis of the real‐time response of the memristor reveals that the set switching can take place at the picosecond time‐scale where it is only compromised by the bandwidth limitations of the experimental setup. In contrast, the completion of the reset transitions significantly exceeds the duration of the ultra‐short voltage bias, demonstrating the dominant role of thermal diffusion and underlining the importance of dedicated thermal engineering for future high‐frequency memristor circuit applications.
A Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Linearity and High Sensitivity over a Wide Pressure Range using Thermoplastic Microspheres
Authors: Tagawa Yusaku , Lee Sunghoon , Someya Takao , Yokota Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA flexible pressure sensor with a linear response over a wide pressure range with high sensitivity is extremely desirable for high‐pressure applications, such as monitoring body weight and plantar pressure distributions. As a promising candidate to achieve the high sensitivity, a porous structure in capacitive pressure sensors is essential. However, this structure invokes the early saturation of sensitivity owing to a low compression modulus. In this study, thermoplastic microspheres (TPM) as porous materials are utilized, and demonstrate a solution‐processed simple structure that is highly sensitive (3.1 × 10−3 kPa−1) over a wide pressure range (1 MPa) with linearity (R2 = 0.996). The TPM‐containing pressure sensor responds within 100 ms and can withstand a 10 000 times cyclic test under 150 kPa. The linearity may be attributed to the rigid characteristics of the TPM‐containing membrane. These results show that the TPM‐containing pressure sensor has sufficient sensitivity and linearity to reduce the need for complex system calibrations and has potential applications in pressure distribution and weight monitoring.
Configurable NbOx Memristors as Artificial Synapses or Neurons Achieved by Regulating the Forming Compliance Current for the Spiking Neural Network
Authors: Han Chuan Yu , Fang Sheng Li , Cui Yi Lin , Liu Weihua , Fan Shi Quan , Huang Xiao Dong , Li Xin , Wang Xiao Li , Zhang Guo He , Tang Wing Man , Lai P. T. , Liu Jia , Wan Xianjie , Yu Zhou , Geng Li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor the first time, a configurable NbOx memristor is achieved that can be configured as an artificial synapse or neuron after fabrication by controlling the forming compliance current (FCC). When the FCC ≤ 2 mA, the memristors exhibit the resistive‐switching (RS) property, enabling multiple types of synaptic plasticity, including short‐term potentiation, paired‐pulse facilitation, short‐term memory, and long‐term memory. When the FCC ≥ 3 mA, the memristors can be electroformed and exhibit the threshold switching (TS) property with excellent endurance (>1012), thus achieving various biological neuron characteristics, such as threshold‐triggering, strength‐modulation of spike frequency, and leaky integrate‐and‐fire. This enables the successful implementation of a spiking Pavlov's dog that employs the spikes as information carrier by connecting an RS NbOx memristor as artificial synapse and a TS memristor as artificial neuron in series. Furthermore, a fully NbOx memristors‐based single‐layer spiking neural network is simulated. It is first found that, due to the forgetting property of synapse, the recognition accuracy for the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digits is increased from 85.49% to 91.45%. This study provides a solid foundation for the development of neuromorphic machines based on the principles of the human brain.
Integrated Memristor Network for Physiological Signal Processing
Authors: Cai Lei , Yu Lianfeng , Yue Wenshuo , Zhu Yihang , Yang Zhiyu , Li Yuqi , Tao Yaoyu , Yang Yuchao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHumans are complex organisms made by millions of physiological systems. Therefore, physiological activities can represent physical or mental states of the human body. Physiological signal processing is essential in monitoring human physiological features. For example, non‐invasive electroencephalography (EEG) signals can be used to reconstruct brain consciousness and detect eye movements for identity verification. However, physiological signal processing requires high resolution, high sensitivity, fast responses, and low power consumption, hindering practical hardware design for physiological signal processing. The bionic capability of memristor devices is very promising in the context of building physiological signal processing hardware and they have demonstrated a handful of advantages over the traditional Von Neumann architecture system in accelerating neural networks. Memristor networks can be integrated as a hardware system for physiological signal processing that can deliver higher energy efficiency and lower latency compared to traditional implementations. This review paper first introduces memristor characteristics, followed by a comprehensive literature study of memristor‐based networks. Physiology signal processing applications enabled by these integrated memristor networks are also presented in this review. In summary, this paper aims to provide a new perspective on physiological signal processing using integrated memristor networks.
Cognitive, adaptive and behavioral profile in Sotos syndrome children with 5q35 microdeletion or intragenic variants
Authors: Siracusano Martina , Riccioni Assia , Frattale Ilaria , Arturi Lucrezia , Dante Caterina , Galasso Cinzia , Gialloreti Leonardo Emberti , Conteduca Giuseppina , Testa Barbara , Malacarne Michela , Coviello Domenico , Mazzone Luigi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSotos syndrome (SoS) is a congenital overgrowth syndrome with variable degree of intellectual disability caused in the 90% of cases by pathogenetic variants of the Nuclear receptor binding SET Domain protein1 (NSD1) gene. NSD1 gene functions can be abrogated by different genetic alterations (i.e., small intragenic pathogenic variants like deletions/insertions, nonsense/missense pathogenic variants, partial gene deletions and whole deletions or microdeletion of 5q35 chromosomal region). Therefore, correlation of the genotype–phenotype with a possible contribution of more implicated genes to the medical, cognitive and behavioral profile is a topic of great interest. Although a more severe learning disability has been described in individuals with 5q35 microdeletion when compared to individuals with NSD1 intragenic pathogenic variants a fully delineated cognitive and behavioral phenotype has not been described yet. The importance of providing clinical characterization in relation to the genotype comes from the necessity to early identify children more at risk of developing psychopathological disorders. We characterize the cognitive, adaptive and behavioral phenotype of a pediatric sample of 64 individuals affected by SoS, performing a standardized neuropsychological evaluation. Secondly, we compare cognitive‐behavioral profiles of SoS individuals carrying and not carrying the 5q35 microdeletion. SoS participants were characterized by a mild cognitive impairment of both Intellectual Quotient and adaptive skills in association to borderline symptoms of attention deficit. Our results suggest that the 5q35 microdeletion is associated with lower scores specifically concerning the cognitive, adaptive functioning and behavioral domains. However, longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm these findings and delineate a developmental trajectory of SoS.
Digital Microfluidics and Magnetic Bead‐Based Intact Proteoform Elution for Quantitative Top‐down Nanoproteomics of Single C. elegans Nematodes
Authors: Leipert Jan , Kaulich Philipp T. , Steinbach Max K. , Steer Britta , Winkels Konrad , Blurton Christine , Leippe Matthias , Tholey Andreas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile most nanoproteomics approaches for the analysis of low‐input samples are based on bottom‐up proteomics workflows, top‐down approaches enabling proteoform characterization are still underrepresented. Using mammalian cell proteomes, we established a facile one‐pot sample preparation protocol based on protein aggregation on magnetic beads and intact proteoform elution using 40 % formic acid. Performed on a digital microfluidics device, the workflow enabled sensitive analyses of single Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, thereby increasing the number of proteoform identifications compared to in‐tube sample preparation by 46 %. Label‐free quantification of single nematodes grown under different conditions allowed to identify changes in the abundance of proteoforms not distinguishable by bottom‐up proteomics. The presented workflow will facilitate proteoform‐directed analysis on samples of limited availability.
Expanding Linker Dimensionality in Metal‐organic Frameworks for sub‐Ångstrom Pore Control for Separation Applications
Authors: Macreadie Lauren K. , Idrees Karam B. , Smoljan Courtney S. , Farha Omar K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials with high surface areas, which are acquiring rapid attention on an exponential basis. A significant characteristic of MOFs is their ability to act as adsorbents to selectively separate component mixtures of similar size, thereby addressing the technological need for an alternative approach to conventional distillation methods. Recently, MOFs comprising a 3‐Dimensional (3D) linker have shown outstanding capabilities for difficult separations compared to the parent 2‐Dimensional (2D) analogue. 3D‐linkers with a polycyclic core are underrepresented in the MOF database due to the widespread preferred use of 2D‐linkers and the misconceived high‐cost of 3D linkers. We summarize the recent research of 3D‐linker MOFs and highlight their beneficial employment for selective gas and hydrocarbon adsorption and separation. Furthermore, we outline forecasts in this area to create a platform for widespread adoption of 3D‐linkers in MOF synthesis.