bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistency of Supervisory Interpretations of Stop-Search Justification in London: A Vignette Assessment Analysis
Authors: Brittain Andy , Sims Christopher , Harinam Vincent , Strang Heather 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Research Question
Do police supervisors reach different conclusions about the legality of a decision to stop and search in survey vignettes using similar facts with the ethnicity of subjects described as either black or white?

Data
We utilize a vignette survey design, presenting 15 real-world stop and search examples from within the South Basic Command Unit policing area to 118 frontline uniformed supervisors (Sergeants and Inspectors) in the Metropolitan Police Service of London.

Methods
We introduce a randomised characteristic assignment of the ethnicity of the subject featured in the vignette to compare officer decision-making when the suspect is black or white. Using both Likert scale and free-text responses, a combination of descriptive statistics, inferential methods, and text mining is applied to the survey data.

Findings
We found no substantive difference in the justification of stop and search powers by officers between white suspects and black suspects. We did find substantial variability in supervisor assessments of whether vignettes provided sufficient legal grounds for conducting a stop and search.

Conclusions
Within the limits of the methodology, we conclude that there is no racial disparity in perceptions of legal thresholds for conducting searches across a range of circumstances. We must also conclude that there is a substantial range of opinion regarding different specific circumstances that are understood to provide a threshold of sufficient evidence to search.
Existential Terrorism: Can Terrorists Destroy Humanity?
Authors: Kallenborn Zachary , Ackerman Gary 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMass-casualty terrorism and terrorism involving unconventional weapons have received extensive academic and policy attention, yet few academics have considered the broader question of whether such behaviours could pose a plausible risk to humanity’s survival or continued flourishing. Despite several terrorist and other violent non-state actors having evinced an interest in causing existential harm to humanity, their ambition has historically vastly outweighed their capability. Nonetheless, three pathways to existential harm exist: existential attack, existential spoilers and systemic harm. Each pathway varies in its risk dynamics considerably. Although an existential attack is plausible, it would require extraordinary levels of terrorist capability. Conversely, modest terrorist capabilities might be sufficient to spoil risk mitigation measures or cause systemic harm, but such actions would only result in existential harm under highly contingent circumstances. Overall, we conclude that the likelihood of terrorism causing existential harm is extremely low, at least in the near to medium term, but it is theoretically possible for terrorists to intentionally destroy humanity.
Uniform spectral gap and orthogeodesic counting for strong convergence of Kleinian groups
Authors: Liu Beibei , Vargas Pallete Franco 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We show convergence of small eigenvalues for geometrically finite hyperbolic n-manifolds under strong limits. For a class of convergent convex sets in a strongly convergent sequence of Kleinian groups, we use the spectral gap of the limit manifold and the exponentially mixing property of the geodesic flow along the strongly convergent sequence to find asymptotically uniform counting formulas for the number of orthogeodesics between the convex sets. In particular, this provides asymptotically uniform counting formulas (with respect to length) for orthogeodesics between converging Margulis tubes, geodesic loops based at converging basepoints, and primitive closed geodesics.
Evaluation of an antigen-test–based strategy to reduce duration of transmission-based precautions for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in hospitalized patients
Authors: Schrank Gregory M. , Harris-Williams Michelle , Schiavone Kelly , Lusby Martha C. , Dove Cindy , Leekha Surbhi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn academic hospital implemented a severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen-test–based strategy to facilitate discontinuation of precautions for patients admitted with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Of 171 patients that underwent antigen testing, 68% had an initial negative test performed a median of 5 days after admission. Antigen testing reduced isolation time by 144 hours.
Translator as Historical Re-Narrator: The Case of the Persian Translation of Clements Markham's History of Persia
Authors: Delzendehrooy Somaye 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper examines Mirza Rahim Khan's Persian translation (1885) of Clement Markham's A General Sketch of the History of Persia (1874) as a historical event. To this end, this article looks at two copies of the translation manuscripts: one written by the translator, which also includes revisions of his first draft, and the other an illuminated copy presented to Naser al-Din Shah, the fourth Qajar shah. A close comparative examination of the texts shows the translation reverberates three distinct voices: the writer, the translator, and his patron, the shah. The translator's shifts of meaning show that the changes, far from being slight and local, affect the whole text, resulting in a different narrative, mostly conforming to the ruling system. However, there are cases where Mirza Rahim expresses his dissident voice in the translation. Furthermore, this examination also reveals the socio-political condition under which the translation took place, shedding light on aspects of Qajar rule only revealed by analyzing translations of the time.
The faceless and vulnerable other – the visual portrayal of older people on German online news sites within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Myrczik Janina , Schwender Clemens , Franke Annette , Kessler Eva-Marie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent studies provide evidence that the coverage of older people's issues in the mass media during the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by a (re-)emergence of negative stereotypes surrounding the question of age. However, these studies primarily relied on written materials. As visual imagery has the power to attract greater attention than words, this study set out to investigate the visual portrayal of older adults in the mass media. Via web crawling, we identified a total of 3,560 articles with keywords such as ‘older adults’ and ‘COVID-19 pandemic’ in the four most popular online news sites in Germany during the first phase of the pandemic. We applied visual content analysis to assess the frequency of a diverse set of characteristics of older adults in the cover photos of the articles in question (N = 604). Older individuals were most often depicted as physically weak, alone, professionally taken care of, passive, living at home or in a nursing home, and cognitively inactive. The images – mostly of female passing persons – were characterised by a stereotypical presentation that evokes distance to the subject by cropping out any faces. Our results reflect findings on the negative media representation of older adults as homogenously vulnerable in verbal materials during the COVID-19 pandemic in contrast to increasingly diverse representations in pre-pandemic times. This stereotypical misrepresentation of older adults can be interpreted as visual ageism, which is amplified by their visual othering. Our findings demonstrate the need for the media to reflect upon these practices as negative age stereotypes have an impact on mental health for people of all ages.
Organic Compounds, Radiocarbon, Trace Elements and Atmospheric Transport Illuminating Sources of Elemental Carbon in a 300‐Year Svalbard Ice Core
Authors: Ruppel M. M. , Khedr M. , Liu X. , Beaudon E. , Szidat S. , Tunved P. , Ström J. , Koponen H. , Sippula O. , Isaksson E. , Gallet J.‐C. , Hermanson M. , Manninen S. , Schnelle‐Kreis J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) particles produced by incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels warm the atmosphere and decrease the reflectivity of snow and ice, hastening their melt. Although the significance of BC in Arctic climate change is widely acknowledged, observations on its deposition and sources are few. We present BC source types in a 300‐year (1700–2005) Svalbard ice core by analysis of particle‐bound organic compounds, radiocarbon, and trace elements. According to the radiocarbon results, 58% of the deposited elemental carbon (EC, thermal‐optical proxy of BC) is of non‐fossil origin throughout the record, while the organic compounds suggest a higher percentage (68%). The contribution of fossil fuels to EC is suggested to have been elevated between 1860 and 1920, particularly based on the organics and trace element data. A second increase in fossil fuel sources seems to have occurred near the end of the record: according to radiocarbon measurements between 1960 and 1990, while the organics and trace element data suggest that the contribution of fossil fuels has increased since the 1970s to the end of the record, along with observed increasing EC deposition. Modeled atmospheric transport between 1948 and 2004 shows that increasing EC deposition observed at the glacier during that period can be associated with increased atmospheric transport from Far East Asia. Further observational BC source data are essential to help target climate change mitigation efforts. The combination of robust radiocarbon with organic compound analyses requiring low sample amounts seems a promising approach for comprehensive Arctic BC source apportionment.
Two Distinct Magma Storage Regions at Ambrym Volcano Detected by Satellite Geodesy
Authors: Shreve T. , Zhan Y. , Le Mével H. , Roman D. , Moussallam Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe flux of eruptible magma into a magmatic plumbing system influences eruption size and timing. If magma transfer is possible between two hydraulically‐connected magma lenses, system destabilization can tap a larger magma volume than stored in any one melt lens. This study identifies two distinct magma reservoirs beneath Ambrym, a basaltic island volcano in Vanuatu, during the time period February 2019 to January 2022. Using InSAR time series and a data assimilation approach, we estimate pressure changes within two reservoirs (located 5–7 and 4–6 km b.s.l.). Furthermore, a theoretical model demonstrates that the reservoirs may not currently be hydraulically connected, despite evidence of physical mixing of magma derived from each reservoir during the December 2018 eruption. These findings further our understanding of how magmatic plumbing systems at basaltic calderas may change after rift‐zone eruptions.
Microbiota influences host exercise capacity via modulation of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in mice
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Kim Youn Ju , Kim Yong Jae , Baek Ji Hyeon , Kim Hak Su , Kim Il Yong , Seong Je Kyung 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe microbiota enhances exercise performance and regulates host physiology and energy metabolism by producing beneficial metabolites via bacterial fermentation. In this study, we discovered that germ-free (GF) mice had a reduced capacity for aerobic exercise as well as low oxygen consumption rates and glucose availability. Surprisingly, GF mice showed lower body weight gain and lower fat mass than specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that these paradoxical phenotypes could be mediated by a compensatory increase in lipolysis in adipose tissues owing to impaired glucose utilization in skeletal muscle. Our data revealed that gut microbiota depletion impairs host aerobic exercise capacity via the deterioration of glucose storage and utilization. The improved browning ability of GF mice may have contributed to the lean phenotype and negatively affected energy generation. These adaptations limit obesity in GF mice but impede their immediate fuel supply during exercise, resulting in decreased exercise performance.
Exosomal PGAM1 promotes prostate cancer angiogenesis and metastasis by interacting with ACTG1
Authors: Luo Jun-qi , Yang Tao-wei , Wu Jun , Lai Hou-hua , Zou Li-bin , Chen Wen-bin , Zhou Xu-min , Lv Dao-jun , Cen Sheng-ren , Long Zi-ning , Mao Yi-you , Zheng Peng-xiang , Su Xiao-hong , Xian Zhi-yong , Shu Fang-peng , Mao Xiang-ming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTumor-derived exosomes and their contents promote cancer metastasis. Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is involved in various cancer-related processes. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of exosomal PGAM1 in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we performed in vitro and in vivo to determine the functions of exosomal PGAM1 in the angiogenesis of patients with metastatic PCa. We performed Glutathione-S-transferase pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting and gelatin degradation assays to determine the pathway mediating the effect of exosomal PGAM1 in PCa. Our results revealed a significant increase in exosomal PGAM1 levels in the plasma of patients with metastatic PCa compared to patients with non-metastatic PCa. Furthermore, PGAM1 was a key factor initiating PCa cell metastasis by promoting invadopodia formation and could be conveyed by exosomes from PCa cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, exosomal PGAM1 could bind to γ-actin (ACTG1), which promotes podosome formation and neovascular sprouting in HUVECs. In vivo results revealed exosomal PGAM1 enhanced lung metastasis in nude mice injected with PCa cells via the tail vein. In summary, exosomal PGAM1 promotes angiogenesis and could be used as a liquid biopsy marker for PCa metastasis.
Histone acetylation by HBO1 (KAT7) activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote leukemogenesis in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wang Hao , Qiu Yingqi , Zhang Honghao , Chang Ning , Hu Yuxing , Chen Jianyu , Hu Rong , Liao Peiyun , Li Zhongwei , Yang Yulu , Cen Qingyan , Ding Xiangyang , Li Meifang , Xie Xiaoling , Li Yuhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractB-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is an aggressive hematological disorder with a dismal prognosis. The dysregulation of histone acetylation is of great significance in the pathogenesis and progression of B-ALL. Regarded as a fundamental acetyltransferase gene, the role of HBO1 (lysine acetyltransferase 7/KAT7) in B-ALL has not been investigated. Herein, we found that HBO1 expression was elevated in human B-ALL cells and associated with poor disease-free survival. Strikingly, HBO1 knockdown inhibited viability, proliferation, and G1-S cycle progression in B-ALL cells, while provoking apoptosis. In contrast, ectopic overexpression of HBO1 enhanced cell viability and proliferation but inhibited apoptotic activation. The results of in vivo experiments also certificated the inhibitory effect of HBO1 knockdown on tumor growth. Mechanistically, HBO1 acetylated histone H3K14, H4K8, and H4K12, followed by upregulating CTNNB1 expression, resulting in activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, a novel small molecule inhibitor of HBO1, WM-3835, potently inhibited the progression of B-ALL. Our data identified HBO1 as an efficacious regulator of CTNNB1 with therapeutic potential in B-ALL.
Cyclical dermal micro-niche switching governs the morphological infradian rhythm of mouse zigzag hair
Authors: Takeo Makoto , Toyoshima Koh-ei , Fujimoto Riho , Iga Tomoyo , Takase Miki , Ogawa Miho , Tsuji Takashi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBiological rhythms are involved in almost all types of biological processes, not only physiological processes but also morphogenesis. Currently, how periodic morphological patterns of tissues/organs in multicellular organisms form is not fully understood. Here, using mouse zigzag hair, which has 3 bends, we found that a change in the combination of hair progenitors and their micro-niche and subsequent bend formation occur every three days. Chimeric loss-of-function and gain-of-function of Ptn and Aff3, which are upregulated immediately before bend formation, resulted in defects in the downward movement of the micro-niche and the rhythm of bend formation in an in vivo hair reconstitution assay. Our study demonstrates the periodic change in the combination between progenitors and micro-niche, which is vital for the unique infradian rhythm.
Non-invasive electromechanical assessment during atrial fibrillation identifies underlying atrial myopathy alterations with early prognostic value
Authors: Enríquez-Vázquez Daniel , Quintanilla Jorge G. , García-Escolano Alba , Couselo-Seijas Marinela , Simón-Chica Ana , Lee Peter , Alfonso-Almazán José Manuel , Mahía Patricia , Redondo-Rodríguez Andrés , Modrego Javier , Ortega-Hernández Adriana , Marcos-Alberca Pedro , Magni Ricardo , Calvo Enrique , Gómez-Gordo Rubén , Yan Ping , La Rosa Giulio , Bustamante-Madrión José , Pérez-García Carlos Nicolás , Martín-Sánchez F. Javier , Calvo David , de la Hera Jesús M. , García-Torrent María Jesús , García-Osuna Álvaro , Ordonez-Llanos Jordi , Vázquez Jesús , Pérez-Villacastín Julián , Pérez-Castellano Nicasio , Loew Leslie M. , Sánchez-González Javier , Gómez-Garre Dulcenombre , Filgueiras-Rama David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElectromechanical characterization during atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a significant gap in the understanding of AF-related atrial myopathy. This study reports mechanistic insights into the electromechanical remodeling process associated with AF progression and further demonstrates its prognostic value in the clinic. In pigs, sequential electromechanical assessment during AF progression shows a progressive decrease in mechanical activity and early dissociation from its electrical counterpart. Atrial tissue samples from animals with AF reveal an abnormal increase in cardiomyocytes death and alterations in calcium handling proteins. High-throughput quantitative proteomics and immunoblotting analyses at different stages of AF progression identify downregulation of contractile proteins and progressive increase in atrial fibrosis. Moreover, advanced optical mapping techniques, applied to whole heart preparations during AF, demonstrate that AF-related remodeling decreases the frequency threshold for dissociation between transmembrane voltage signals and intracellular calcium transients compared to healthy controls. Single cell simulations of human atrial cardiomyocytes also confirm the experimental results. In patients, non-invasive assessment of the atrial electromechanical relationship further demonstrate that atrial electromechanical dissociation is an early prognostic indicator for acute and long-term rhythm control.
Structures and immune recognition of Env trimers from two Asia prevalent HIV-1 CRFs
Authors: Niu Jun , Wang Qi , Zhao Wenwen , Meng Bing , Xu Youwei , Zhang Xianfang , Feng Yi , Qi Qilian , Hao Yanling , Zhang Xuan , Liu Ying , Xiang Jiangchao , Shao Yiming , Yang Bei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStructure-guided immunofocusing HIV-1 vaccine design entails a comprehensive understanding of Envs from diverse HIV-1 subtypes, including circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of Envs from two Asia prevalent CRFs (CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC) at 3.0 and 3.5 Å. We compare the structures and glycosylation patterns of Envs from different subtypes and perform cross-clade statistical analyses to reveal the unique features of CRF01_AE V1 region, which are associated with the resistance to certain bNAbs. We also solve a 4.1 Å cryo-EM structure of CRF01_AE Env in complex with F6, the first bNAb from CRF01_AE-infected individuals. F6 recognizes a gp120-gp41 spanning epitope to allosterically destabilize the Env trimer apex and weaken inter-protomer packing, which in turn hinders the receptor binding and induces Env trimer disassembly, demonstrating a dual mechanism of neutralization. These findings broaden our understanding of CRF Envs and shed lights on immunofocusing HIV-1 vaccine design.
Visible-light-driven reversible shuttle vicinal dihalogenation using lead halide perovskite quantum dot catalysts
Authors: Li Yonglong , Gao Yangxuan , Deng Zhijie , Cao Yutao , Wang Teng , Wang Ying , Zhang Cancan , Yuan Mingjian , Xie Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDihalogenation of alkenes to the high-added value vicinal dihalides is a prominent process in modern synthetic chemistry. However, their effective conversion still requires the use of expensive and hazardous agents, sacrificial half-reaction coupling or primary energy input. Here, we show a photocatalytically assisted shuttle (p-shuttle) strategy for redox-neutral and reversible vicinal dihalogenation using low-cost and stable 1,2-dihaloethane under visible light illumination. Energetic hot electrons from metal-halide perovskite QDs enable the challenging photocatalytic reactions. Ultrafast laser transient absorption spectroscopy have unveiled the energy matching of the hot electrons with the high reduction potential of 1,2-dihaloethane, via two consecutive photoexcitation process. Powered by the sustainable energy as the only energy input, our new catalytic system using metal-halide perovskite QDs for dibromination, dichlorination and even unexplored hetero-dihalogenation, shows good tolerance with a wide range of alkenes at room temperature. In contrast to homogeneous photocatalysts, chalcogenide QDs and other semiconductor catalysts, perovskite QDs deliver previously unattainable performance in photoredox shuttle vicinal dihalogenation with the turnover number over 120,000. This work provides new opportunities in visible-light-driven heterogeneous catalysis for unlocking novel chemical transformations.
Proteomic profiling across breast cancer cell lines and models
Authors: Kalocsay Marian , Berberich Matthew J. , Everley Robert A. , Nariya Maulik K. , Chung Mirra , Gaudio Benjamin , Victor Chiara , Bradshaw Gary A. , Eisert Robyn J. , Hafner Marc , Sorger Peter K. , Mills Caitlin E. , Subramanian Kartik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe performed quantitative proteomics on 60 human-derived breast cancer cell line models to a depth of ~13,000 proteins. The resulting high-throughput datasets were assessed for quality and reproducibility. We used the datasets to identify and characterize the subtypes of breast cancer and showed that they conform to known transcriptional subtypes, revealing that molecular subtypes are preserved even in under-sampled protein feature sets. All datasets are freely available as public resources on the LINCS portal. We anticipate that these datasets, either in isolation or in combination with complimentary measurements such as genomics, transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, can be mined for the purpose of predicting drug response, informing cell line specific context in models of signalling pathways, and identifying markers of sensitivity or resistance to therapeutics.