bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striking adrenal glands enlargement in a patient with 21-hydroxylase deficiency during stress: a case report
Authors: Zheng Chengcheng , Zhao Lianling , Chen Tao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:
Adrenal cortex cells proliferate to produce sufficient cortisol in response to stress by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. In humans, such morphological changes are too mild to be observed. 21-hydroxylase deficiency was the most common type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and chronically elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone level stimulated by cortisol insufficiency can result in adrenal cortex hyperplasia. Here, we report a case of a remarkable enlargement of the bilateral adrenal glands in a short period of time due to the acute stress in a patient with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. It allows doctors to recognize how great potential the adrenal glands have to secrete compensated adrenocortical glucocorticoids in response to certain stress from the perspective of adrenal alteration in morphology and function.
Case Description:
A 40-year-old man was received chest computed tomography (CT) scan for determining the acute respiratory infection, then significant bilateral adrenal glands enlargement was found accidentally, which the adrenal glands volume was 2.5 times than the past glands six years before. Nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency was diagnosed by genetic testing, and impaired adrenocortical function was determined by a corticotropin stimulation test. The re-examined CT showed that the adrenal glands had returned to the baseline within a month without any treatment. The bilateral adrenal enlargement in the short term was explained by a physiological response to the acute stress, after excluding other pathological causes.
Conclusions:
For bilateral adrenal enlargement, in addition to adrenal tumors, infections and autoimmune diseases, physiological adrenal hyperplasia under acute stress should also be considered, especially in patients with adrenocortical dysfunction.
Simplified Algorithms for Order-Based CoreMaintenance
Authors: Guo Bin , Sekerinski Emil 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Graph analytics attract much attention from both research and industry communities. Due to its linear time complexity, the $k$-core decomposition is widely used in many real-world applications such as biology, social networks, community detection, ecology, and information spreading. In many such applications, the data graphs continuously change over time. The changes correspond to edge insertion and removal. Instead of recomputing the $k$-core, which is time-consuming, we study how to maintain the $k$-core efficiently. That is, when inserting or deleting an edge, we need to identify the affected vertices by searching for more vertices. The state-of-the-art order-based method maintains an order, the so-called $k$-order, among all vertices, which can significantly reduce the searching space. However, this order-based method is complicated to understand and implement, and its correctness is not formally discussed.In this work, we propose a simplified order-based approach by introducing the classical Order Data Structure to maintain the $k$-order, which significantly improves the worst-case time complexity for both edge insertion and removal algorithms. Also, our simplified method is intuitive to understand and implement; it is easy to argue the correctness formally. Additionally, we discuss a simplified batch insertion approach.The experiments evaluate our simplified method over 12 real and synthetic graphs with billions of vertices. Compared with the existing method, our simplified approach achieves high speedups up to 7.7x and 9.7x for edge insertion and removal, respectively.
Beneficial effect of fingolimod in a Lafora disease mouse model by preventing reactive astrogliosis-derived neuroinflammation and brain infiltration of T-lymphocytes.
Authors: Rubio Teresa , Campos-Rodríguez Ángela , Sanz Pascual 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lafora disease (LD; OMIM#254780) is a rare, devastating, and fatal form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy that affects young adolescents and has no treatment yet. One of the hallmarks of the disease is the accumulation of aberrant poorly branched forms of glycogen (polyglucosans, PGs) in the brain and peripheral tissues. The current hypothesis is that this accumulation is causative of the pathophysiology of the disease. Another hallmark of LD is the presence of neuroinflammation. We have recently reported the presence of reactive glia-derived neuroinflammation in LD mouse models and defined the main inflammatory pathways that operate in these mice, mainly TNF and IL-6 signaling pathways. In addition, we described the presence of infiltration of peripheral immune cells in the brain parenchyma, which could cooperate and aggravate the neuroinflammatory landscape of LD. In this work, we have checked the beneficial effect of two compounds with the capacity to ameliorate neuroinflammation and reduce leukocyte infiltration into the brain, namely fingolimod and dimetylfumarate. Our results indicate a beneficial effect of fingolimod in reducing reactive astrogliosis-derived neuroinflammation and T-lymphocyte infiltration, which correlated with the improved behavioral performance of the treated Epm2b-/- mice. On the contrary, dimethylfumarate, although it was able to reduce reactive astrogliosis, was less effective in preventing neuroinflammation and T-lymphocyte infiltration and in modifying behavioral tests.
PdM (M=Fe, Co, Ni) Bimetallic Nanowires Enhances Oxygen Reduction Catalysis in Acid Medium
Authors: Yu Dan , Dong Seng , Liu Qian , jia weiyi , Gao Faming , wang yatao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The preparation of platinum-free electrocatalysts with ideal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity is of great significance for cost-effective fuel cells. Herein, we developed a facile method for prepared Pd-based (PdFe, PdCo, PdNi, and Pd) nanowires (PdM NWs) with diameter about 10 nm and length above microns. The mass activity of the series of Pd-based catalysts followed the descending order: PdNi NWs/C > commercial Pt/C > PdCo NWs/C > PdFe NWs/C > pure Pd NWs/C. The optimal half-wave (E1/2) of PdNi NWs/C (839 mV) is positive shift 138 and 25 mV compared with pure Pd NWs/C (701 mV) and commercial Pt/C (814 mV), respectively. The mass activity (MA) of PdNi NWs/C only dropped 28 % after 10000 potential cycles between 0.6-1.1 V versus RHE in acid medium. This work provides a promising and reliable strategy to synthesize high performance Pd-based electrocatalyst, which is promising alternative to expensive Pt-based electrocatalysts for fuel cells.
Destalking chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties through induced mutation for dry chilli processing industry.
Authors: Ajjappalavara Prabhudeva , D. Satish , Allolli Tejappa , M. Abdul Kareem , Gollagi Sanganabasava , T. Shantappa , H.P. Maheswarappa , Biradar Irangouda , h.m pallavi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMutation breeding experiment was initiated during 2012-13 with an objective of inducing variability in ‘GPM00-120-S-1’ (Byadgi Dabbi segment a popular chilli cultivar in Karnataka, India) an advanced breeding line. In 0.4 per cent of EMS treated M3population, a plant with soft and deciduous fruit character was identified and selfed seeds were used to grow a larger number of plants in M4generation. Two kinds of plants were observed in M4generationviz.,soft flesh (named as non persistent calyx , NPC-4) and normal flesh (normal flesh with erect type named as NPC-3 and normal flesh with pendent type named as NPC-5) with deciduous fruits. All the three putative mutants were selected and further advanced by pure line selection method until they reach the homozygosity. The homozygous lines were then evaluated for yield, quality and response to incidence of pest and diseases along with check variety for four years from 2017-2021. Molecular characterization was also done using SSR marker. The lines exhibited stability for the trait of deciduous fruits and high yield over the seasons and over the checks. The newly developed stalk less chilli varieties with novel traits may not only reduces the cost of harvest crop but also improves the quality of the chilli powder and other products.
Clinical course of anorexia-cachexia according to type of first-line chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Mitsunaga Shuichi , Okada Mao , Ohba Akihiro , Satake Tomoyuki , Watanabe Kazuo , Sasaki Mitsuhito , Imaoka Hiroshi , Okusaka Takuji , Ikeda Masafumi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose Anorexia-cachexia is characterized by weight and appetite loss, systemic inflammation, fatigue, and muscle weakness. Differences between various chemotherapy regimens might affect the clinical course of anorexia-cachexia in pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the timing of anorexia-cachexia onset among various chemotherapy regimens for advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods This retrospective observational study enrolled patients who underwent first-line chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer. Anorexia-cachexia was defined as weight loss ≥ 5%, appetite loss, and fulfilling at least two of the following conditions: fatigue, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status ≥ 1, or any one of the following: albumin < 3.2 g/dL, C-reactive protein > 0.5 mg/dL, and hemoglobin < 12 g/dL. Anorexia-cachexia was evaluated every 4 weeks until disease progression. The hazard ratios (HRs) of time to anorexia-cachexia between two groups were evaluated using a Cox regression hazard model.Results Anorexia-cachexia was observed in 35 of 150 evaluable patients, 29 of whom (89.5%, 29/35) experienced anorexia-cachexia within the first 12 weeks of commencing chemotherapy. Compared to patients receiving gemcitabine (GEM) (n = 49), time to anorexia-cachexia was longer in patients receiving GEM + nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) (n = 46; HR, 0.275; 95%CI, 0.097–0.729), but not in patients receiving modified FOLFIRINOX (a 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan combination) (n = 42; HR, 0.931; 95%CI, 0.427–2.108).Conclusions Anorexia-cachexia showed early onset in patients receiving first-line chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer. Development of anorexia-cachexia was less with GEM + nab-PTX as compared to modified FOLFIRINOX.
A database on the socioeconomic and behavioral impact in Sri Lanka through multiple waves of COVID-19
Authors: Ilangarathna Gayanthi Anuradha , Ramanayake Lakshitha , Senarath Neranjan , Weligampola Harshana , Dedunupitiya Wathsala , Wijesiri Thanuja , Rathnaweera Pabodha , Godaliyadda Roshan , Herath Vijitha , Ekanayake Janaka , Yatigammana Sakunthala , Rathnayake Anuruddhika , Pinnawala Mallika , Maheswaran Muthucumaru , Thilakaratne Ganga , Dharmarathne Samath 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives:
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was diverse and disproportionate among nations and population segments. The impacts of the disease and the containment strategies adopted are broad and cut across multiple facets of life, society, and the economy, which are intimately interlinked. To ascertain the socioeconomic impact and human behavior changes due to the pandemic and the containment strategies adopted a large household survey was conducted covering all the provinces in Sri Lanka.
Data description:
We conducted a cross-sectional Household survey covering all 9 provinces, including 20 districts in Sri Lanka from August 2021 to September 2021. This dataset consists of the data collected from 3020 households, on the impact of the pandemic through three distinctly identified pandemic waves in Sri Lanka. The questionnaire was designed to capture COVID-19 impact in 2 primary sections (socioeconomic impact and behavioral impact) which were further divided into 8 sub-sections: educational impact, impact on mobility, access to health services, economic impact, human interactions, food consumption, religious and cultural, and psychological impact. This dataset will enable researchers and policymakers to analyze the impact of the pandemic through a multifaceted perspective enabling a more holistic approach to decision-making.
Cortical Dynamics of Perception as Trains of Coherent Gamma Oscillations, with the Pulvinar as Central Coordinator
Authors: Farineau Jean P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Synchronization of spikes carried by the visual streams is strategic for the proper binding of cortical assemblies, hence for the perception of visual objects as coherent units. Perception of a complex visual scene involves multiple trains of gamma oscillations, coexisting at each stage in visual and associative cortex. Here, we analyze how these trains are managed, so that the perception of each visual object can emerge despite this complex interweaving of cortical activations. After a brief review of structural and temporal facts, we analyze how these oscillations are made coherent for all elements related to the same visual object. We continue with the propagation of these gamma oscillations within the sensory chain. The dominant role of the pulvinar as cortical coordinator is the common thread running through this step-by-step description. Cortical mechanisms are analyzed in the context of visual perception, although the present considerations are not limited to this sense. An experiment is described, with the aim of assessing the validity of the elements developed here. An initial set of results is provided, together with a proposed method to go further in this investigation.
Impact of population based indoor residual spraying in combination with mass drug administration on malaria incidence and test positivity in a high transmission setting in north eastern Uganda
Authors: Ronald Mulebeke , Humphrey Wanzira , Geertruyden Van , Yeka Adoke 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Mass drug administration (MDA) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are potent malaria burden reduction tools. The impact of combining MDA and IRS is not well documented. We evaluated the impact of MDA+IRS compared to IRS alone at a high transmission site in Eastern Uganda.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was implemented in Toroma and Kapujan subcounties in north eastern Uganda. Both subcounties received four rounds of IRS using primiphos-methyl (Acttellic SC300) six to eight months apart from December 2016 to December 2018. Eligible residents of Kapujan simultaneously received MDA using dihydroartemesinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ). Health facility data was used to monitor malaria case incidence rate and test positivity rates.
Results: In the MDA+IRS arm, malaria incidence dropped by 83% (IRR: 0·17 (0·16– 0·18); p<0·001) in children under 5 year and by 78% (IRR: 0·22 (0·22– 0·23); p<0·001) in persons aged ≥ 5 years from the pre-intervention to the intervention period. In the IRS arm malaria incidence dropped by 47% (IRR: 0·53 (0·51, 0·56); p<0·001) in children under 5 years and by 71% 0·29 (0·28, 0·30); p<0·001) in persons aged ≥5 years. A drastic drop occurred immediately after the intervention after which cases slowly increased in both arms. Malaria test positivity rate (TPR) dropped at a rate of 21 (p=0·003) percentage points per 1000 persons in the MDA+IRS arm compared to the IRS arm. There was a mean decrease of 60 (p-value, 0·040) malaria cases among children under five years and a mean decrease in TPR of 16·16 (p-value, 0·001) in the MDA+IRS arm compared to IRS arm.
Interpretation: MDA significantly reduced malaria burden among children <5 years however the duration of this impact needs to be further investigated.
Funding:Pilgrim Africa, Government of Uganda Ministry of Health
Intraoperative transillumination of the lateral parapatellar area during lateral release in total knee arthroplasty can preserve blood supply in patella: a pilot study
Authors: Karimov Murodulla , Madrakhimov Sarvar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background.
Intraoperative patellofemoral maltracking/instability is often corrected by lateral retinaculum release. Due to the fact, that the medial parapatellar approach dissects medial genicular arteries, forced lateral release can also cause excision of lateral vessels, which leads to total devascularization of the patella and obviously devastating patellar complications. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of precise intraoperative localization of the lateral genicular arteries (aa. superior et inferior genicularis lateralis) by an orthopaedic surgeon using the transillumination method.
Methods.
12 patients underwent cemented TKA with patella-friendly Zimmer Biomet NexGen Legacy Posterior Stabilized prostheses (without patellar resurfacing), 7 right knees and 5 left knees. The mean age of patients in the study group was 66.636 ± 7.003 years. The minimal follow-up period was 13 months (mean – 16,363 ± 2,5 months). Functional outcomes were assessed using Knee Society and a specific patellar questionnaire - Kujala Score. Intraoperative detection of insufficient patellar stability and/or patellar maltracking was based on the no-thumb technique. In pre- and postoperative period X-ray investigation, standard standing X-ray and Merchant view were used to evaluate implant position and patellofemoral congruency.
Results.
In this study, ten out of twelve knee joints (83.3%) had at least one artery visible by the proposed method in the lateral parapatellar area. Five out of ten knee joints had more than one artery that could be visualized and identified as an arterial vessel. In postoperative Doppler ultrasound sonography, we found at least 1 artery, namely the superior lateral genicular artery in all 12 patients, 8 out of 12 patients had also an inferior genicular artery. Postoperative Knee Society score showed significant improvement from a mean 51.181 ± 3,868 to a mean 88,727 ± 3,663. Mean hospital length of stay is 8.545 ± 1.863 days. X-ray assessment using standard anteroposterior, lateral and Merchant skyline views showed appropriate implant positioning and patellofemoral congruency. The mean Kujala score in the postoperative period (3 and 6 months) was 67.3 ± 6.75 and 75.6 ± 6.42 perspectively.
Conclusions.
Using the proposed transillumination method can help preserve the lateral blood supply to the patella and to avoid devascularized patella-related complications
Trial registration:
This study was retrospectively approved by the Republican Ethical Committee. Trial registration number 3/3-1757 on 5 of May 2023.
Community perception of the autodissemination of pyriproxyfen for controlling malaria vectors in south-eastern Tanzania
Authors: Tarimo Felista , Dillip Angel , Kosia Efraim , Lwetoijera Dickson 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The efficacy of the autodissemination of pyriproxyfen to control malaria vectors has been demonstrated under semi field environment in Tanzania. However, the information on how best communities should be engaged for its routine and large-scale adoption are lacking. This study assessed the community’s level of knowledge, perceptions, acceptability on the autodissemination approach, and the perceived risks and safety of pyriproxyfen on the environment.
Methods
This was a concurrent mixed methods study, comprised of a community-based survey of 400 household representatives and eight focus group discussions (FGDs). The study was conducted in two villages in Mlimba district in south-eastern Tanzania between June and August 2022. For the quantitative data, descriptive statistics were applied using R software, while inductive approach was used for qualitative data analysis, using Nvivo software.
Results
Knowledge on autodissemination approach was found to be relatively low among the surveyed community members (36%, n = 144). Nevertheless, when the approach was explained to them, the envisioned community support was relatively high (97%, n = 388). One of the major perceived benefits of the autodissemination approach was the reduction of malaria transmitting mosquitoes and associated malaria transmission. Environmental impact of pyriproxyfen on non-target organisms and health risk to children were among of the major concerns. When provided with information on how it works and its safety, 93.5% (n = 374) of the survey respondents said that they would allow the PPF-contaminated pots to be placed around their homes. Similarly, participants of the FGDs were receptive towards the autodissemination approach, but emphasized on the need for raising awareness among community members before related field trials.
Conclusion
This study indicates a low knowledge but high support for scaling up of the autodissemination approach as a complementary tool for malaria control in rural Tanzania. Our findings suggest that community sensitization activities are required to improve the community’s acceptability and trust of the approach before prior to respective field trials.
Multiscale Nonlinearity of Error Growth in High-Resolution Forecasts for Mesoscale Convective Systems
Authors: Ono Kosuke , Inatsu Masaru 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, the nonlinearity in a weather forecast, defined as the extent to which the initial opposite-sign state vector does not keep the same magnitude and opposite direction in a forecast time, was examined in an environment containing a multiscale convective system. A pair of 18-h forecast experiments with initial perturbations of different signs was conducted for a heavy rainfall event in western Japan on 13 August 2021. Despite the initially different signs, the perturbations at a given forecast time had the same sign, which was emphasized by the low-pass filter. This result suggested that the nonlinearity was found not only on the convective scale but also on the meso-α scale. An additional forecast experiment with the initial perturbation only for water vapor applied in a limited area indicated that this meso-α scale nonlinearity originated from the asymmetry of water vapor perturbations to avoid supersaturation in the wet environment. The nonlinearity was propagated by large-scale gravity waves emitted from the perturbed convective areas. This explanation was supported by a pair of forecast experiments with dry and moisture perturbation areas on a scale larger than that of convection, in which the state vectors kept the opposite sign at a given forecast time.
Phlorizin Prolongs the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by insulin/SIR-2.1 Regulation
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Wang Xinxin , Pei Yang , Zhang Ye , Wang Yurong , Liu Qingdai , Sun Zhenou , Wang Hao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Phlorizin, a natural compound, was studied using C. elegans to explore its potential mechanism for extending lifespan. Results showed that phlorizin mitigated the harmful effects of high temperatures and hydrogen peroxide, reduced oxidative stress, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced MDA levels. Through network pharmacological analysis, it was determined that the AKT1, INSR and SOD2 signaling pathway plays a key role in the anti-aging effects of phlorizin. Experiments with mutants and transgenic C. elegans showed that phlorizin lifespan extension and antioxidant effects are mainly mediated by insulin and SIR-2.1 pathways that regulate DAF-16 and SKN-1 nuclear translocation and its downstream targets SOD-3 and HSP-16.2. These findings were supported by molecular docking experiments. Overall, this study provides insight into the potential use of phlorizin as an anti-aging agent and highlights the importance of the DAF-16/SOD-3 signaling pathway in mediating its action.