bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘No one size fits all’ – community trust-building as a strategy to reduce COVID-19-related health disparities
Authors: Rämgård Margareta , Ramji Rathi , Kottorp Anders , Forss Katarina Sjögren 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCitizens with low levels of social capital and social status, and relative poverty, seem to have been disproportionally exposed to COVID-19 and are at greater risk of experiencing poor health. Notably, the incidence of COVID-19 was nearly three times higher among citizens living in socially vulnerable areas. Experiences from the African Ebola epidemic show that in an environment based on trust, community partners can help to improve understanding of disease control without compromising safety. Such an approach is often driven by the civil society and local lay health promoters. However, little is known about the role of lay health promoters during a pandemic with communicable diseases in the European Union. This study had its point of departure in an already established Community Based Participatory Research health promotion programme in a socially disadvantaged area in southern Sweden. The aim of this study was to explore how citizens and local lay health promoters living in vulnerable neighbourhoods responded to the COVID-19 pandemic a year from the start of the pandemic. MethodIn-depth interviews with the 5 lay health promoters and focus group discussions with 34 citizens from the neighbourhood who were involved in the activities within the programme were conducted in autumn 2020. The interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis following an inductive approach. ResultsFour themes emerged including, ‘balancing between different kinds of information’, ‘balancing between place-based activities and activities on social media’, ‘bridging between local authorities and the communities and community members’, and ‘balancing ambivalence through participatory dialogues’.ConclusionThe study highlights that a Community Based Participatory Research programme with lay health promoters as community trust builders had a potential to work with communicable diseases during the pandemic. The lay health promoters played a key role in promoting health during the pandemic by deepening the knowledge and understanding of the role that marginalised citizens have in building resilience and sustainability in their community in preparation for future crises. Public health authorities need to take the local context into consideration within their pandemic strategies to reach out to vulnerable groups.
Impact of easing COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on traumatic injuries in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: one-year experience at a major trauma centre
Authors: Alharbi Rayan Jafnan , Al-Jafar Rami , Chowdhury Sharfuddin , Rahman Muhammad Aziz , Almuwallad Ateeq , Alshibani Abdullah , Lewis Virginia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Lockdown restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic have reduced the number of injuries recorded. However, little is known about the impact of easing COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on the nature and outcome of injuries. This study aims to compare injury patterns prior to and after the easing of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions in Saudi Arabia.

Method
Data were collected retrospectively from the Saudi TraumA Registry for the period between March 25, 2019, and June 21, 2021. These data corresponded to three periods: March 2019–February 2020 (pre-restrictions, period 1), March 2020–June 2020 (lockdown, period 2), and July 2020–June 2021 (post easing of restrictions, period 3). Data related to patients’ demographics, mechanism and severity of injury, and in-hospital mortality were collected and analysed.

Results
A total of 5,147 traumatic injury patients were included in the analysis (pre-restrictions n = 2593; lockdown n = 218; post easing of lockdown restrictions n = 2336). An increase in trauma cases (by 7.6%) was seen in the 30–44 age group after easing restrictions (n = 648 vs. 762, p < 0.01). Motor vehicle crashes (MVC) were the leading cause of injury, followed by falls in all the three periods. MVC-related injuries decreased by 3.1% (n = 1068 vs. 890, p = 0.03) and pedestrian-related injuries decreased by 2.7% (n = 227 vs. 143, p < 0.01); however, burn injuries increased by 2.2% (n = 134 vs. 174, p < 0.01) and violence-related injuries increased by 0.9% (n = 45 vs. 60, p = 0.05) post easing of lockdown restrictions. We observed an increase in in-hospital mortality during the period of 12 months after easing of lockdown restrictions—4.9% (114/2336) compared to 12 months of pre-lockdown period—4.3% (113/2593).

Conclusion
This is one of the first studies to document trauma trends over a one-year period after easing lockdown restrictions. MVC continues to be the leading cause of injuries despite a slight decrease; overall injury cases rebounded towards pre-lockdown levels in Saudi Arabia. Injury prevention needs robust legislation with respect to road safety measures and law enforcement that can decrease the burden of traumatic injuries.
Increased interaction between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria following sleep deprivation
Authors: Aboufares El Alaoui Amina , Buhl Edgar , Galizia Sabrina , Hodge James J. L. , de Vivo Luisa , Bellesi Michele 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Prolonged cellular activity may overload cell function, leading to high rates of protein synthesis and accumulation of misfolded or unassembled proteins, which cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to re-establish normal protein homeostasis. Previous molecular work has demonstrated that sleep deprivation (SD) leads to ER stress in neurons, with a number of ER-specific proteins being upregulated to maintain optimal cellular proteostasis. It is still not clear which cellular processes activated by sleep deprivation lead to ER- stress, but increased cellular metabolism, higher request for protein synthesis, and over production of oxygen radicals have been proposed as potential contributing factors. Here, we investigate the transcriptional and ultrastructural ER and mitochondrial modifications induced by sleep loss.

Results
We used gene expression analysis in mouse forebrains to show that SD was associated with significant transcriptional modifications of genes involved in ER stress but also in ER-mitochondria interaction, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial respiratory activity. Using electron microscopy, we also showed that SD was associated with a general increase in the density of ER cisternae in pyramidal neurons of the motor cortex. Moreover, ER cisternae established new contact sites with mitochondria, the so-called mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs), important hubs for molecule shuttling, such as calcium and lipids, and for the modulation of ATP production and redox state. Finally, we demonstrated that Drosophila male mutant flies (elav > linker), in which the number of MAMs had been genetically increased, showed a reduction in the amount and consolidation of sleep without alterations in the homeostatic sleep response to SD.

Conclusions
We provide evidence that sleep loss induces ER stress characterized by increased crosstalk between ER and mitochondria. MAMs formation associated with SD could represent a key phenomenon for the modulation of multiple cellular processes that ensure appropriate responses to increased cell metabolism. In addition, MAMs establishment may play a role in the regulation of sleep under baseline conditions.
Lean or diabetic subtypes predict increased all-cause and disease-specific mortality in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Chung Goh Eun , Yu Su Jong , Yoo Jeong-Ju , Cho Yuri , Lee Kyu-na , Shin Dong Wook , Kim Donghee , Kim Yoon Jun , Yoon Jung-Hwan , Han Kyungdo , Cho Eun Ju 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) encompasses diverse disease groups with potentially heterogeneous clinical outcomes. We investigated the risk of all-cause and disease-specific mortality in MAFLD subgroups.

Methods
Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, participants were divided into four subgroups: no MAFLD, MAFLD-diabetes, MAFLD-overweight/obese, and MAFLD-lean. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) values for all-cause and disease-specific mortality according to MAFLD subgroups were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
Among 9,935,314 participants, those with MAFLD-diabetes showed the highest risk of all-cause and disease-specific mortality. The HRs (95% CI) for all-cause mortality were 1.61 (1.59–1.63), 1.36 (1.34–1.38), and 1.19 (1.18–1.20) in the MAFLD-diabetes, MAFLD-lean, and MAFLD-overweight/obese groups, respectively. The magnitude of cardiovascular disease and cancer-related risk showed the same pattern. The risk of liver-related mortality in the MAFLD-lean group (HR: 2.84, 95% CI: 2.72–2.97) was comparable with that in the MAFLD-diabetes group (HR: 2.85, 95% CI: 2.75–2.95). When stratified by body mass index, liver-related mortality was the highest in MAFLD-lean individuals in the underweight group (HR, 5.03, 95% CI: 4.23–5.97).

Conclusions
The MAFLD-lean and MAFLD-diabetes groups had a higher risk of all-cause and disease-specific mortality than did the MAFLD-overweight/obese group. Classifying MAFLD subgroups based on metabolic phenotypes might help risk stratification of patients with MAFLD.
Colonization of Fusobacterium nucleatum is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients with venous thromboembolism: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Chang , Yang Zhou , Tang Xiance , Zhao Fangfang , He Mengke , Liu Changpeng , Zhou Dongmin , Wang Lifeng , Gu Bo , Yuan Yiqiang , Chen Xiaobing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) often colonizes cancerous gastric tissues and is characterized by the promotion of platelet aggregation and the development of visceral thrombosis. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) leads to a significant increase in the mortality of gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, the relationship between the colonization of F. nucleatum and the prognosis of GC patients is still unknown.

Aim
The aim of this study was to explore whether the colonization of F. nucleatum is related to the prognosis of GC patients complicated with VTE and to explore other potential risk factors.

Methods
From 2017–2021, the data of 304 patients with new VTEs during the treatment of GC at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University were collected. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of F. nucleatum was performed on pathological sections of cancer tissues from the patients. Survival analysis methods, including the Kaplan‒Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model, were performed.

Results
F. nucleatum colonization was significantly associated with splanchnic vein thrombosis, higher platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lower absolute lymphocyte count. In the multivariable Cox model, F. nucleatum colonization was found to be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of GC, with an adjusted HR of 1.77 (95% CI, 1.17 to 2.69 [P = 0.007]). In addition, patients with high PLR (HR: 2.65, P = 0.004) or VTE occurring during four cycles of chemotherapy (HR: 2.32, P = 0.012) exhibited shorter survival. Conversely, those experiencing VTE later (HR per month from diagnosis of GC: 0.95, P = 0.006) or using IVC filters (HR: 0.27, P = 0.011) had longer survival.

Conclusion
Colonization of F. nucleatum in GC tissues was associated with lower absolute lymphocyte count and higher PLR in GC patients with VTE. F. nucleatum colonization also appeared to be associated with the development of VTE in specific sites, in particular the splanchnic vein. Colonization of F. nucleatum may potentially represent an independent predictor of poor prognosis in GC patients. Additional research is necessary to validate these findings.
Colchicine treatment can be discontinued in a selected group of pediatric FMF patients
Authors: Cohen Keren , Spielman Shiri , Semo-Oz Rotem , Bitansky Guy , Gerstein Maya , Yacobi Yonatan , Vivante Asaf , Tirosh Irit 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) patients are required to adhere to a life-long treatment with colchicine, primarily for preventing amyloidosis. As some patients may be asymptomatic for long periods of time, it remains unclear whether it is possible to discontinue colchicine treatment in a selective group of patients. We aimed to identify predictive characteristics for a successful cessation of colchicine therapy.

Methods
Out of 646 FMF pediatric patients followed in our referral FMF clinic, colchicine treatment was discontinued in 51 patients. In this study we compared the genetic, demographic, and clinical characteristics between patients for whom a successful cessation of therapy was made (Group 1; n = 21) and patients for whom cessation of therapy was deemed a failure (Group 2; n = 30) and consequently had to resume colchicine therapy.

Results
Patients for whom a successful cessation of therapy was achieved had no biallelic pathogenic MEFV mutations, were less likely to have “severe attacks” (two or more FMF characteristic symptoms) (24% vs 80%; P = 0.000067) and did not require higher than 1 mg/day of colchicine, prior to the drug cessation. Remission duration under colchicine treatment was significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (4.36 years ±2.12 vs 2.53 years ±2; P = 0.0036).

Conclusion
This study supports the concept of colchicine free remission in a minority of FMF patients (3%). Holding treatment, under close monitoring, may be reasonable when selecting the appropriate patients.
Vascular lipidomics analysis reveales increased levels of phosphocholine and lysophosphocholine in atherosclerotic mice
Authors: Zhang Li , Xiong Liling , Fan Li , Diao Haoyang , Tang Mi , Luo Erdan , Guo Wenmei , Yang Xiao , Xing Shasha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveAtherosclerosis (AS) is the major cause of cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia is a principal determinant of the initiation and progression of AS. Numerous works have analyzed the lipid signature of blood, but scarce information on the lipidome of vascular tissue is available. This study investigated the lipid profile in the aorta ofApoE−/−mice.MethodApoE−/−mice were randomly divided into two groups: (1) the normal diet (ND) group and (2) the high-fat diet (HFD) group. After feeding for 8 weeks, the plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TGs) levels were measured. UHPLC-Q Exactive plus MS was used to assess the lipid profile using both positive and negative ionization modes.ResultsLDL and TC levels were significantly increased in HFD mice, and lipid deposition, plaque area and collagen fiber levels were increased in HFD group. In addition, a total of 131 differential lipids were characterized, including 57 lipids with levels that were increased in the HFD group and 74 with levels that were decreased. Further analysis revealed that the levels of several differentially expressed phosphocholines (PCs) and lysophosphocholines (LPCs) were significantly increased. These PCs included PC (38:3), PC (36:4), PC (36:3), PC (36:2), PC (36:1), PC (34:1e), PC (34:1), PC (32:1), PC (18:0/18:1), and PC (38:5), and the LPCs included LPC (18:1), LPC (18:0) and LPC (16:0).ConclusionOur findings indicate the presence of a comprehensive lipid profile in the vascular tissue of atherosclerotic mice, particularly involving PC and LPC, which exhibited significantly increased levels in AS.
Non-producer multiple myeloma presenting with acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy: case report
Authors: Verma Karina , Zhang Tina , Mueller David , Li Julie , Sanchorawala Vaishali , Staron Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Hyperammonemic encephalopathy (HE) is a rare and life-threatening complication of multiple myeloma, with underlying mechanisms that are not fully understood. In contrast to previously reported cases, most of which have been associated with IgG or IgA isotypes, we describe a patient with HE as the presenting symptom of non-producer multiple myeloma (NPMM).

Case presentation
A 60-year-old man developed lethargy that progressed into coma. He was found to have an elevated ammonia level, despite normal hepatic function. He was diagnosed with HE secondary to NPMM, demonstrating 80% plasma cells without light chain expression in the bone marrow and absence of a monoclonal protein in the serum or urine, including by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (MASS-FIX). Myeloma-directed therapy with daratumumab, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone successfully reversed his HE. At clinical relapse, he received salvage chemotherapy followed by venetoclax therapy, leading to a short period of neurological recovery.

Conclusions
This case demonstrates that HE can occur in a patient with NPMM and challenges the mechanism suggested by limited prior studies; i.e., that excess ammonia in multiple myeloma arises from degradation of M-proteins. We postulate that the neoplastic plasma cells in NPMM have amplified amino acid metabolism, despite lacking detectable intracellular or secreted immunoglobulins.
Quantitative evaluation of hemodynamic parameters by echocardiography in patients with post-cardiotomy cardiac shock supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Ye Fuyong , Yang Yuwen , Liang Yinting , Liu Jianhua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
When drugs fail to reverse post-cardiotomy cardiac shock (PCS), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is considered the most effective adjuvant strategy. Transthoracic echocardiography is a useful imaging modality for monitoring of cardiac hemodynamics. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of echocardiography for monitoring the left and right heart hemodynamics in PCS patients before, during, and after weaning from ECMO.

Methods
Fifty-two patients were divided into successful weaning group (group A, n = 23) and non-successful weaning group (group B, n = 29). Hemodynamic parameters measured by echocardiography were collected before, during, and after ECMO. The intra-group changes and inter-group differences were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
In group A, the central venous pressure (CVP), proximal right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), velocity of tricuspid valve (TVDV), and systolic velocity of tricuspid annulus ($${\text{s}}_{{{\text{TV}}}}^{{\prime }}$$

s

TV

′

) during ECMO were significantly lower than those before ECMO. After ECMO, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), systolic velocity of mitral annulus ($${\text{s}}_{{{\text{MV}}}}^{{\prime }}$$

s

MV

′

), and velocity–time integral of LV outflow tract (LVOT-VTI) were higher than pre-ECMO levels, and CVP, LVEF, $${\text{s}}_{{{\text{MV}}}}^{{\prime }}$$

s

MV

′

, LVOT-VTI, RVOT, TAPSE, TVDV and $${\text{s}}_{{{\text{TV}}}}^{{\prime }}$$

s

TV

′

were higher than those during ECMO (all P < 0.05).
In group B, compared to pre-ECMO, subjects exhibited decreased CVP, RVOT, TAPSE, TVDV and $${\text{s}}_{{{\text{TV}}}}^{{\prime }}$$

s

TV

′

during ECMO. TAPSE, TVDV, and $${\text{s}}_{{{\text{TV}}}}^{{\prime }}$$

s

TV

′

were continuously lower after ECMO, while CVP and RVOT increased after ECMO (all P < 0.05). After ECMO, LVEF, $${\text{s}}_{{{\text{MV}}}}^{{\prime }}$$

s

MV

′

, LVOT-VTI, TAPSE, TVDV and $${\text{s}}_{{{\text{TV}}}}^{{\prime }}$$

s

TV

′

in group A were higher than those in group B (all P < 0.05). Inter-group comparison showed the LVEF and RV Tei indices of group A were significantly different than those of group B before, during, and after ECMO.

Conclusion
Quantitative assessment of both LV and RV by echocardiography is important for ECMO weaning. Patients with better LVEF and lower RV Tei index may have a better chance of successful weaning from ECMO.
Hepatocellular carcinoma detection via targeted enzymatic methyl sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA
Authors: Guo Ping , Zheng Hailing , Li Yihan , Li Yuntong , Xiao Yue , Zheng Jin , Zhu Xingqiang , Xu Huan , He Zhi , Zhang Qian , Chen Jinchun , Qiu Mingshan , Jiang Min , Liu Pingguo , Chen Hongliang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundEpigenetic variants carried by circulating tumor DNA can be used as biomarkers for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by noninvasive liquid biopsy. However, traditional methylation analysis method, bisulfite sequencing, with disadvantages of severe DNA damage, is limited in application of low-amount cfDNA analysis.ResultsThrough mild enzyme-mediated conversion, enzymatic methyl sequencing (EM-seq) is ideal for precise determination of cell-free DNA methylation and provides an opportunity for HCC early detection. EM-seq of methylation control DNA showed that enzymatic conversion of unmethylated C to U was more efficient than bisulfite conversion. Moreover, a relatively large proportion of incomplete converted EM-seq reads contains more than 3 unconverted CH site (CH = CC, CT or CA), which can be removed by filtering to improve accuracy of methylation detection by EM-seq. A cohort of 241 HCC, 76 liver disease, and 279 normal plasma samples were analyzed for methylation value on 1595 CpGs using EM-seq and targeted capture. Model training identified 283 CpGs with significant differences in methylation levels between HCC and non-HCC samples. A HCC screening model based on these markers can efficiently distinguish HCC sample from non-HCC samples, with area under the curve of 0.957 (sensitivity = 90%, specificity = 97%) in the test set, performing well in different stages as well as in serum α-fetoprotein/protein induced by vitamin K absence-II negative samples.ConclusionFiltering of reads with ≥ 3 CHs derived from incomplete conversion can significantly reduce the noise of EM-seq detection. Based on targeted EM-seq analysis of plasma cell-free DNA, our HCC screening model can efficiently distinguish HCC patients from non-HCC individuals with high sensitivity and specificity.
Precoding-based complex field network coding strategy for multi-source UAV cooperative system
Authors: Zhao Mingfei , Xue Rui , Jiang Hang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRelay-based UAV swarm can further expand the surveillance range for more complex missions. Microsatellite swarms provide invulnerability and stability compared to conventional satellites and are selected for multi-UAVs multi-satellites systems. Determining how to recover more valuable information from the multi-source data is of significant importance. Considering that vast amounts of multi-source data from UAV swarm require higher throughput performance of transmission schemes, complex field network coding (CFNC) is selected for UAV cooperative system. However, adverse effects like inter-user interference of fading channels will limit the reliability performance of UAV cooperative system. To improve the reliability performance and recover more accurate valuable information, we propose a precoding-based CFNC strategy for multi-source UAV cooperative system. The proposed transmission scheme processes data through precoding matrix, which is obtained by the transformation of channel state matrix. Compared to conventional CFNC schemes, precoding-based CFNC scheme improves the accuracy of detections. Through theoretical analysis and experimental results, the precoding-based CFNC transmission scheme not only maintains high throughput, but also recover more valuable information and achieves better reliability performance.