bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Profile of Blood Stream Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, J&K. India
Authors: Gulzar Binish , Farhana Anjum 
Published: February 2023

Background: Worldwide, bacteremia is one of the serious infections that cause significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. A wide range of microorganisms have been implicated in the etiology of BSIs. Early detection of these pathogens along with the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns have been shown to improve treatment outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the microbiological profile of BSIs in a major tertiary care hospital in North India.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology Government Medical College Srinagar. Blood samples submitted in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth for culture and sensitivity over a period of one year from September 2021 to 30th August 2022 were included in the study and processed per standard laboratory protocol techniques for isolating and identifying pathogens causing BSI. The antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates was determined by the disc diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
Results: Out of 4260 blood samples, 1204(28.26%) isolates were obtained. Of these isolates, 575(47.75%) were Gram‑positive bacteria and 468 (38.87%) were Gram‑negative bacteria. Candida species were isolated from 161(13.7%) positive samples and 32 showed contamination. The most commonly identified organism was Coagulase‑negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (22.59%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus(17.69%), Acinetobacter spp. (13.70%), Klebsiella spp (10.13%) and Escherichia coli (6.47%). Among the gram-positive bacteria, maximum resistance was seen with methicillin and azithromycin. No resistance was seen with vancomycin and linezolid. Most of the gram-negative bacilli were multidrug-resistant. Maximum resistance was seen with ampicillin(91.7%), amoxiclav (86.5%), ceftriaxone (88.5%), and gentamicin (60.9%). Higher prevalence of resistance was observed in Gram‑negative bacteria when compared with Gram‑positive bacteria.
Conclusion: Hence, empirical treatment of BSIs should be based on the current knowledge of bacterial resistance profiles as provided by microbiology laboratory reports. The results of this study warrant continuous monitoring of antimicrobial patterns for the clinicians along with judicious antibiotic policy to mandate antimicrobial sensitivity testing against the BSIs in the hospital setup so that appropriate therapeutic measures should be taken at the earliest.
Sb2Te3/MoS2 Van der Waals Junctions with High Thermal Stability and Low Contact Resistance
Authors: Chang Wen Hsin , Hatayama Shogo , Saito Yuta , Okada Naoya , Endo Takahiko , Miyata Yasumitsu , Irisawa Toshifumi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) demonstrate great potential in nanoelectronics devices owing to their high carrier mobility in the atomically thin channel regime. However, high contact resistance between source/drain electrodes and TMDC channels hinders the TMDCs applications in the very‐large‐scale integration (VLSI) field. Here, this work reports atomically aligned van der Waals (vdW) junction fabrications through thermal‐induced crystallization of layered Sb2Te3 electrodes on monolayer MoS2 using VLSI‐compatible physical vapor deposition and annealing processes. Due to Fermi‐level unpinning with a small band offset between Sb2Te3 and MoS2 and small density of state of Sb2Te3, better device performance is demonstrated on MoS2 MOSFETs with Sb2Te3/W contact than that of Sb/W contact. Moreover, the ideal vdW junctions are found to demonstrate extreme high‐thermal robustness. No intermixing at the Sb2Te3/MoS2 interface or crystallinity degradation of Sb2Te3 is observed after 450 °C annealing, leading to higher thermal stability than its Sb counterpart. Sb2Te3 is a promising candidate as an n‐type contact material for TMDC‐based devices such as MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2 in future VLSI electronics and various other applications.
The role of indigenous knowledge in fisheries resource management for aquaculture development: A case study of the Kenyan Lake Victoria region
Authors: Obiero Kevin Odhiambo , Mboya Jimmy Brian , Ouko Kevin Okoth , Kembenya Elijah Migiro , Nyauchi Elizabeth Akinyi , Munguti Jonathan Mbonge , Outa Nicholas Otieno , Githukia Cecilia Muthoni 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIndigenous knowledge is critical in the conservation of wild fish genetic resources and consequent development of fish seed for improved aquaculture production. Local fisher communities rely on aquatic resources mainly for livelihood and subsistence and have therefore come up with systems to manage these resources for sustainable use. This study aimed at identifying the role of indigenous people's knowledge in fish conservation as a way of improving aquaculture, with a specific focus on the conservation of aquaculture fish species in Kenya. Data was collected from individual fisherfolk through semi‐structured questionnaires and field observations. Pearson's chi‐square test was performed on variables that were predicted to influence indigenous knowledge. The chi‐square tests revealed a significant relationship between age and indigenous knowledge (χ2 = 15.153, p = 0.004). Results also revealed a significant relationship between an individual's years of residence in the area and indigenous knowledge (χ2 = 17.767, p = 0.003). It was found that the indigenous people use various concepts and strategies for fish conservation and fish production. From the findings of the study, it is recommended that scientists and policy actors should adopt the indigenous people's knowledge as a source of baseline information for fisheries and aquaculture research, and as additional or alternative strategies for the management of fish genetic resources.
Medial metatarsal rigidity in extant non‐human catarrhine primates
Authors: Patel Biren A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study quantifies hallucal metatarsal (Mt1) and second metatarsal (Mt2) polar second moment of areas (J) in hominoids and cercopithecoids to address three questions. Which catarrhines have more rigid Mt1s versus Mt2s? Is asymmetry in medial metatarsal rigidity (e.g., Mt1 > Mt2) different among taxa? Does asymmetry in medial metatarsal rigidity correlate with relative intrinsic hallucal muscle mass across species.Materials and MethodsJ was calculated from CT images in 345 specimens and compared between groups: Pan, Gorilla, Pongo, hylobatids, cercopithecines, and colobines. Differences between the Mt1 and Mt2 within groups were assessed using paired t tests. Log10‐transformed Mt1:Mt2 J ratios were used to assess asymmetry in rigidity and inter‐group comparisons were made. Additionally, correlations were performed between species means of log10‐transformed Mt1:Mt2 J ratios and species means of relative intrinsic hallucal muscle mass.ResultsAfrican ape and hylobatid Mt1s are significantly more rigid than their Mt2s. Rigidity in medial metatarsals are more variable in Pongo, but most individuals have stronger Mt2s. Greatest variation is observed in cercopithecoids, with some species having consistently stronger Mt1s or Mt2s, but the majority show no bias for either. Log10‐transformed Mt1:Mt2 J ratios are significantly correlated with relative intrinsic hallucal muscle mass; taxa with more rigid Mt1s have more developed muscle.DiscussionDifferences between metatarsals in rigidity do not correlate with previously documented regional differences in peak plantar pressure during weight support. Rather, asymmetry in metatarsal rigidity, specifically Mt1 > Mt2, reflect adaptations of larger intrinsic hallucal musculature capable of producing greater hallucal grasping force.
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Progression Increases Risk of Incident Parkinsonism
Authors: Jacob Mina A. , Cai Mengfei , Bergkamp Mayra , Darweesh Sirwan K. L. , Gelissen Liza M. Y. , Marques José , Norris David G. , Duering Marco , Esselink Rianne A. J. , Tuladhar Anil M. , de Leeuw Frank‐Erik 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is associated with motor impairments and parkinsonian signs cross‐sectionally, however, there are little longitudinal data on whether SVD increases risk of incident parkinsonism itself. We investigated the relation between baseline SVD severity as well as SVD progression, and incident parkinsonism over a follow‐up of 14 years.MethodsThis study included 503 participants with SVD, and without parkinsonism at baseline, from the RUN DMC prospective cohort study. Baseline inclusion was performed in 2006 and follow‐up took place in 2011, 2015, and 2020, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and motor assessments. Parkinsonism was diagnosed according to the UK Brain Bank criteria, and stratified into vascular parkinsonism (VaP) and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Linear mixed‐effect models were constructed to estimate individual rate changes of MRI‐characteristics.ResultsFollow‐up for incident parkinsonism was near‐complete (99%). In total, 51 (10.2%) participants developed parkinsonism (33 VaP, 17 IPD, and 1 progressive supranuclear palsy). Patients with incident VaP had higher SVD burden compared with patients with IPD. Higher baseline white matter hyperintensities (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.46 per 1‐SD increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21–1.78), peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (HR = 1.66 per 1‐SD increase, 95% CI = 1.34–2.05), and presence of lacunes (HR = 1.84, 95% CI = 0.99–3.42) were associated with increased risk of all‐cause parkinsonism. Incident lacunes were associated with incident VaP (HR = 4.64, 95% CI = 1.32–16.32).InterpretationBoth baseline SVD severity and SVD progression are independently associated with long‐term parkinsonism. Our findings indicate a causal role of SVD in parkinsonism. Future studies are needed to examine the underlying pathophysiology of this relation. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1130–1141
Generation and Use of Glycosyl Radicals under Acidic Conditions: Glycosyl Sulfinates as Precursors
Authors: Xu Shiyang , Zhang Wei , Li Caiyi , Li Yanjing , Zeng Hongxin , Wang Yingwei , Zhang Yang , Niu Dawen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe herein report a method that enables the generation of glycosyl radicals under highly acidic conditions. Key to the success is the design and use of glycosyl sulfinates as radical precursors, which are bench‐stable solids and can be readily prepared from commercial starting materials. This development allows the installation of glycosyl units onto pyridine rings directly by the Minisci reaction. We further demonstrate the utility of this method in the late‐stage modification of complex drug molecules, including the anticancer agent camptothecin. Experimental studies provide insight into the reaction mechanism.
Mesogenic Groups Control the Emitter Orientation in Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitter Films**
Authors: Chen Dongyang , Tenopala‐Carmona Francisco , Knöller Julius A. , Mischok Andreas , Hall David , Madayanad Suresh Subeesh , Matulaitis Tomas , Olivier Yoann , Nacke Pierre , Gießelmann Frank , Laschat Sabine , Gather Malte C. , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe use of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters and emitters that show preferential horizontal orientation of their transition dipole moment (TDM) are two emerging strategies to enhance the efficiency of OLEDs. We present the first example of a liquid crystalline multi‐resonance TADF (MR‐TADF) emitter, DiKTa‐LC. The compound possesses a nematic liquid crystalline phase between 80 °C and 110 °C. Importantly, the TDM of the spin‐coated film shows preferential horizontal orientation, with an anisotropy factor, a, of 0.28, which is preserved in doped poly(vinylcarbazole) films. Green‐emitting (λEL=492 nm) solution‐processed OLEDs based on DiKTa‐LC showed an EQEmax of 13.6 %. We thus demonstrate for the first time how self‐assembly of a liquid crystalline TADF emitter can lead to the so‐far elusive control of the orientation of the transition dipole in solution‐processed films, which will be of relevance for high‐performance solution‐processed OLEDs.
Advances in bioreactor control for production of biotherapeutic products
Authors: Nikita Saxena , Mishra Somesh , Gupta Keshari , Runkana Venkataramana , Gomes James , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdvanced control strategies are well established in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing industries. Over the past decade, the application of these strategies is being explored for control of bioreactors for manufacturing of biotherapeutics. Most of the industrial bioreactor control strategies apply classical control techniques, with the control system designed for the facility at hand. However, with the recent progress in sensors, machinery, and industrial internet of things, and advancements in deeper understanding of the biological processes, coupled with the requirement of flexible production, the need to develop a robust and advanced process control system that can ease process intensification has emerged. This has further fuelled the development of advanced monitoring approaches, modeling techniques, process analytical technologies, and soft sensors. It is seen that proper application of these concepts can significantly improve bioreactor process performance, productivity, and reproducibility. This review is on the recent advancements in bioreactor control and its related aspects along with the associated challenges. This study also offers an insight into the future prospects for development of control strategies that can be designed for industrial‐scale production of biotherapeutic products.
Simultaneous pharmacokinetic assessment of phytopharmaceuticals in fenugreek extract using LC–MS/MS in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Agrawal Sristi , Bisen Amol Chhatrapati , Biswas Arpon , Sanap Sachin Nashik , Verma Sarvesh Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Jaiswal Shubham , Kumar Ashok , Narender Tadigoppula , Bhatta Rabi Sankar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFenugreek seeds are used in numerous marketed herbal formulations with therapeutic benefits. Some of its bioactive components such as 4‐hydroxyisoleucine, trigonelline, raffinose, and pinitol are reported to possess potential therapeutic activities, such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, stomach stimulant, and anti‐invasive, against hyperandrogenism and other allied diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome. A fully validated, selective, and sensitive bioanalytical method for the simultaneous rapid quantification of the aforementioned bioactive components has been developed using hyphenated liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The analytes were separated within 5 min using gradient elution in a C18 column at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Plasma protein precipitation technique was employed to isolate the analytes from the samples. Oral pharmacokinetic profile of the four bioactive components in Sprague–Dawley rats was further evaluated using noncompartmental analysis using Phoenix WinNonlin software.
Cold atmospheric plasma: Novel opportunities for tumor microenvironment targeting
Authors: Dai Xiaofeng , Zhu Kaiyuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith mounting preclinical and clinical evidences on the prominent roles of the tumor microenvironment (TME) played during carcinogenesis, the TME has been recognized and used as an important onco‐therapeutic target during the past decade. Delineating our current knowledge on TME components and their functionalities can help us recognize novel onco‐therapeutic opportunities and establish treatment modalities towards desirable anti‐cancer outcome. By identifying and focusing on primary cellular components in the TME, that is, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor‐associated macrophages, cancer‐associated fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, we decomposed their primary functionalities during carcinogenesis, categorized current therapeutic approaches utilizing traits of these components, and forecasted possible benefits that cold atmospheric plasma, a redox modulating tool with selectivity against cancer cells, may convey by targeting the TME. Our insights may open a novel therapeutic avenue for cancer control taking advantages of redox homeostasis and immunostasis.
Chemical Synthesis Enables the Configurational Determination of Myristriol, a Highly Oxygenated Phenylpropanoid from Myristica fragrans Houtt
Authors: Xiao Wen‐Wen , Zhang Hong‐Lin , Wang Chao‐Fan , Chen Yang , Zhan Rui , Li Dashan , Shao Li‐Dong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA new phenylpropanoid, myristriol (1), along with 11 known ones were isolated from the seed kernel of Myristica fragrans Houtt. Their chemical structures were clearly elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. In which, the relative configuration of 1 was finally determined as erythro‐1 by comparison the NMR data of two synthetic erythro‐ and threo‐diastereoisomers with that of natural 1.
Epidermal nevus superimposed by psoriatic plaque in a girl with proteous syndrome
Authors: Mohaghegh Fatemeh , Zavare Zahra , Mousavi Marziehsadat 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProteus syndrome (PS) is a rare syndrome characterized by asymmetric limb overgrowth, vascular malformation, and hamartomas. In this study we report a case of PS in a 13‐year‐old girl with chief complaint of a new cutaneous lesion that was diagnosed and treated as leishmaniasis.
Stroke in a child with pulmonary tuberculosis and pleural effusion—An important clue for the diagnosis of disseminated central nervous system tuberculosis
Authors: Chaudhary Nagendra , Gupta Binod Kumar , Poudel Astha , Kafle Manish , Singh Neeva , Chaudhary Hanshmani Prasad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCentral nervous system tuberculosis (CNS‐TB) is one of the most devastating and life‐threatening conditions having high mortality and morbidity. Here, we report a 12‐year‐old child with pulmonary tuberculosis and pleural effusion presenting with ischemic stroke as an important manifestation of central nervous system tuberculosis.
Continuous Crystallization Process of Cefminox Sodium in MSMPR Crystallizer
Authors: Du Xue , Xie Chenxin , Liu Baoshu , Yuan Peiquan , Sun Hua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractContinuous crystallization technology has attracted rising attention from chemists and material scientists. In this paper, cefminox sodium is selected as a model drug for consecutive antisolvent crystallization using a multistage mixed suspension mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer. The effects of operating parameters on the product crystal particle size, crystal habit, and yield under steady‐state conditions are investigated in detail: operating parameters such as the initial concentration of the crystallization solution, the volume ratio of the crystallization solution to antisolvent, the total flow rate, the amount of seed crystals added, the crystallization temperature, and the mixing rate. The kinetic solubility data of cefminox sodium in two binary aqueous mixed solvents at 278.15–303.15 K are determined by laser dynamic method, and two empirical models are subsequently borrowed to fit the obtained data. This work provides a new crystallization process for cefminox sodium. After optimization, the mass yield is increased to 89.11%, the average particle size Dv(50) is about 164 µm.
The mitochondrial genomes of the Geometroidea (Lepidoptera) and their phylogenetic implications
Authors: Ding Weili , Xu Haizhen , Wu Zhipeng , Hu Lizong , Huang Li , Yang Mingsheng , Li Lili 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Geometroidea is a large superfamily of Lepidoptera in species composition and contains numerous economically important pest species that cause great loss in crop and forest production. However, understanding of mitogenomes remains limited due to relatively fewer mitogenomes previously reported for this megadiverse group. Here, we sequenced and annotated nine mitogenomes for Geometridae and further analyzed the mitogenomic evolution and phylogeny of the whole superfamily. All nine mitogenomes contained 37 mitochondrial genes typical in insects, and gene organization was conserved except for Somatina indicataria. In S. indicataria, the positions of two tRNAs were rearranged. The trnR was located before trnA instead of after trnA typical in Lepidoptera, whereas the trnE was detected rarely on the minority strand (N‐strand). This trnR‐trnA‐trnN‐trnS1‐trnE‐trnF newly recognized in S. indicataria represents the first gene rearrangement reported for Geometroidea and is also unique in Lepidoptera. Besides, nucleotide composition analyses showed little heterogeneity among the four geometrid subfamilies involved herein, and overall, nad6 and atp8 have higher nucleotide diversity and Ka/Ks rate in Geometridae. In addition, the taxonomic assignments of the nine species, historically defined by morphological studies, were confirmed by various phylogenetic analyses based on the hitherto most extensive mitogenomic sampling in Geometroidea.
Predation on a pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus, by the noble false widow spider, Steatoda nobilis
Authors: Dugon Michel M. , Lawton Colin , Sturgess Dawn , Dunbar John P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe noble false widow spider Steatoda nobilis is a globally invasive species with implications for public health and possibly for native ecosystems. Here, we report on a case of predation on a protected species of vertebrate, a pygmy shrew Sorex minutus in Britain. The importance and novelty of this report are: (1) this is the third documented case of S. nobilis preying on a vertebrate in five years, suggesting that small vertebrates are likely to be a more frequent component of their diet than previously thought; (2) this is the first case of a Theridiidae spider preying on a shrew in Britain; and (3) this is the first case of predation on shrews by the genus Steatoda globally. Overall, S. nobilis fits the profile of a habitual vertebrate‐eating spider.
Electrochemical Properties of Ru Polypyridyl Phosphonates
Authors: Herath Hashini N. K. , MacRae Austin L. , Ugrinov Angel , Morello Glenn R. , Parent Alexander R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract[Ru(bpyPO3H2)(bpy)Cl]Cl (bpyPO3H2=6,6’‐bipyridin‐2‐yl)phosphonic acid) and [Ru(tpy)(MepyPO3H2)Cl]Cl (MepyPO3H2=(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)phosphonic acid) were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically and electrochemically. Each compound was found to exhibit proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET). In the case of [Ru(bpyPO3H2)(bpy)Cl]Cl, a Ru(V/IV) couple was detected at 1.4 V vs. NHE. Each complex was tested for its ability to catalyze C−H bond oxidation using a variety of sacrificial oxidants, and it was found that under aqueous conditions [Ru(bpyPO3H2)(bpy)Cl]Cl oxidizes secondary C−H bonds using sodium periodate (NaIO4) as the primary oxidant.