bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Math: A Method to Make Complex Data Meaningful
Authors: Yocco Victor , Pulli Ashley 
Published: September 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARYSocial math presents numerical data as a compelling story about a social issue to inspire an active audience response. The approach simplifies complex statistics by reframing them within more familiar contexts. Visual images reinforce the comparison and message, surpassing simple data presentation to offer a meaningful and informative story. Organizations seeking to stimulate response to social problems by citing powerful statistics often turn to social math. The impact of social math is strengthened by reference to numbers that are familiar, understandable and small and by alluding to dramatic events. Examples illustrate social math being used effectively and ways to improve the presentations. Key guidelines for social math include clearly defining the issue and specific focus, using reliable data, customizing the comparison to the audience, having a clear visualization and a strong call to action.
Nudges for responsible finance? A survey of interventions targeted at financial decision making
Authors: Gajewski Jean‐Francois , Heimann Marco , Meunier Luc , Ohadi Sima 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn a comprehensive review, we investigate how nudges can help financial decisionmakers allocate funds according to ethical considerations to promote sustainable development. We begin by identifying the main nudge frameworks and highlighting their many similarities, including the use of default options, making information more salient, and manipulating the framing of incentives. While nudges have been used in personal finance primarily to promote saving for retirement or avoiding credit card debt, they can also encourage socially responsible investment (SRI). We propose potential nudges in SRI and provide a primer on nudge implementation by reviewing methods for selecting effective nudges and ensuring their ethical acceptability.
Oxidative Depolymerization of Polyphenylene Oxide into Benzoquinone
Authors: Shimoyama Yoshihiro , Nakajima Yumiko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPoly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) is one of the most important engineering plastics commonly utilized in various fields. Herein, chemical recycling of PPO was performed via oxidative depolymerization to form 2,6‐diemthyl‐p‐benzoquionone (26DMBQ) as a sole aromatic product in 66 % yield using nitronium ions (NO2+) as a mild oxidant. Mechanistic studies revealed that PPO is oxidized by NO2+ generated from the combination of a silicotungstic acid and nitrate salts, and then subsequently attacked by H2O to achieve C−O bond cleavage, resulting in the formation of 26DMBQ, which was sublimed at the headspace of the reaction vessel in pure form. 26DMBQ was applied to polymerization with dianilines to form polyimides. Thus, an upgrade recycling process of PPO was demonstrated.
Plasma tumour necrosis factor‐alpha‐related proteins in prognosis of heart failure with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Engel Sällberg Adam , Helleberg Sara , Ahmed Salaheldin , Ahmed Abdulla , Rådegran Göran 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsPatients with heart failure (HF) exhibit poor prognosis, which is further deteriorated by pulmonary hypertension (PH), with negative impact on morbidity and mortality. As PH due to left HF (LHF‐PH) is among the most common causes of PH, there is an urge according to the 2021 European Society of Cardiology HF guidelines to find new biomarkers that aid in prognostication of this patient cohort. Given the role of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in HF progression, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of plasma proteins related to TNF‐α in patients with LHF‐PH, in relation to haemodynamic changes following heart transplantation (HT).Methods and resultsTwenty TNF‐α‐related plasma proteins were analysed using proximity extension assay in healthy controls (n = 20) and patients with LHF‐PH (n = 67), before and 1 year after HT (n = 19). Plasma levels were compared between the groups, and the prognostic values were determined using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. Plasma levels of lymphotoxin‐beta receptor (LTBR), TNF receptor superfamily member 6B (TNFRSF6B), and TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptors 1 and 2 (TRAIL‐R1 and TRAIL‐R2, respectively) were higher in LHF‐PH pre‐HT vs. controls (P < 0.0001), as well as higher in pre‐HT vs. post‐HT (P < 0.001). The elevated pre‐HT levels of LTBR, TNFRSF6B, TRAIL‐R1, and TRAIL‐R2 decreased towards the levels of healthy controls after HT. Higher preoperative levels of LTBR, TNFRSF6B, TRAIL‐R1, and TRAIL‐R2 in LHF‐PH were associated with worse survival rates (P < 0.002). In multivariate Cox regression models, each adjusted for age and sex, LTBR, TNFRSF6B, TRAIL‐R1, and TRAIL‐R2 predicted mortality (P < 0.002) [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.12 (1.04–1.19), 1.01 (1.004–1.02), 1.28 (1.14–1.42), and 1.03 (1.02–1.04), respectively].ConclusionsElevated pre‐HT plasma levels of the TNF‐α‐related proteins LTBR, TNFRSF6B, TRAIL‐R1, and TRAIL‐R2 in LHF‐PH decreased 1 year after HT, displaying a normalization pattern towards the levels of the healthy controls. These proteins were also prognostic, where higher levels were associated with worse survival rates in LHF‐PH, providing new insight in their potential role as prognostic biomarkers. Larger studies are warranted to validate our findings and to investigate their possible pathobiological mechanisms in LHF‐PH.
A classification application for using learning methods in bank costumer's portfolio churn
Authors: Simsek Murat , Tas Iclal Cetin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo ensure the sustainability of customer‐company loyalty and to control the financial flow of the company, studies involving customer loss or gain are carried out. When the studies are examined, it is seen that many methods are used for this purpose. Traditional machine learning methods are widely used in loss analysis due to their ability to process large amounts of customer data. In this study, the classification of the customer group in the banking sector has been made. In the context of the banking sector, this study delved into the classification of customer groups, utilizing a dataset and various machine learning models. Since the imbalance in the data set negatively affects the success parameters, the imbalance of the data is also discussed in this study. Within the scope of the study, the results obtained from the models analyzed by applying them to the dataset were evaluated by using F1‐score, precision, recall, and model accuracy comparison tools. When the results are compared, it is seen that the proposed random oversampling (ROS)‐voting (random forest [RF]‐gradient boosting machines [GBM])model has a better classification and prediction success than the other applied models and an accuracy rate of 95%.
The bridge to quality financial reporting: Audit committees’ mediating role in IFRS implementation for emerging markets
Authors: Kateb Ines 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aims to examine the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on financial reporting quality in Saudi Arabia, with a specific focus on the mediating role of effective audit committees (ACs) and the specific characteristics of ACs that have a negative correlation with earnings management (EM) practices. The research collected financial data from 92 listed firms spanning the period from 2012 to 2020 encompassing both the years before and after the IFRS adoption in 2017. The study used regression and rigorous mediation analysis based on the Baron and Kenny (1986) approach to investigate the relationship between IFRS adoption, ACs, and EM. The findings indicate that IFRS adoption has a negative and significant impact on EM practices. Additionally, the study found that AC expertise is positively influenced by the IFRS adoption, while the AC size has a positive correlation with EM levels. The study further revealed that AC expertise has a negative correlation with EM levels and fully mediates the relationship between IFRS adoption and EM. The research's findings carry significant practical implications for a range of stakeholders. Regulators and policymakers in Saudi Arabia should consider the positive impact of IFRS adoption on financial reporting transparency and accountability when evaluating their regulatory framework. Firms can strengthen their corporate governance practices by focusing on the recruitment and training of AC members with robust financial and accounting backgrounds. This emphasis on AC quality, rather than size, is crucial to mitigating EM practices and enhancing the effectiveness of IFRS implementation. Lastly, investors and analysts can utilize these findings to assess the reliability of financial statements and identify firms with robust governance structures. Furthermore, the study contributes to the discourse on financial reporting and governance dynamics in emerging markets, offering insights for future research and policy discussions.
Sources of the predictability of month‐to‐month variation of precipitation anomalies in East Asia during summer
Authors: Sun Bo , Li Huixin , Zhu Baoyan , Xue Rufan , Li Wanling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring boreal summer, the patterns of precipitation anomalies in East Asia have notable month‐to‐month variations, which may induce alternated wet and dry conditions in different regions of East Asia during summer. In this study, based on observation and reanalysis data, the dynamic processes of monthly precipitation anomalies in three sub‐regions of East Asia (South China, the Yangtze River valley and northern–northeastern China) are investigated, which are associated with different combined effects of tropical air–sea interaction and mid‐to‐high latitude Rossby waves during different months. These dynamic processes dominate the leading modes of month‐to‐month variation of precipitation anomalies in East Asia during summer. To understand what dynamic processes are the key sources of the predictability of month‐to‐month variation of precipitation anomalies in East Asia during summer, a method of spatially running pattern correlation coefficient (SR_PCC) is applied to examine the differences in prediction skill of geopotential height anomalies, sea‐level pressure anomalies and sea surface temperature anomalies between the years of well and poorly predicted precipitation anomalies. Based on the results of CFSv2 hindcast and CMIP6‐AMIP experiments, both the air–sea interaction over tropical Indo–Pacific region and the mid‐to‐high latitude Rossby waves over the Eurasian continent are key sources of predictability of month‐to‐month variation of precipitation anomalies in East Asia during boreal summer.
Active anterior rhinomanometry: A study on nasal airway resistance, paradoxical reactions to decongestion, and repeatability in healthy subjects
Authors: Sunnergren Ola , Ahonen Hanna , Holmström Mats , Broström Anders 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesAnterior active rhinomanometry (AAR) is widely used in Swedish routine clinical practice to decide if septoplasty is necessary. The scientific basis for the method needs to be strengthened. Therefore, the aims were to evaluate nasal airway resistance (NAR), paradoxical reactions to pharmacological decongestion, and test–retest characteristics of the Rhino‐Comp® AAR in healthy subjects.MethodsA prospective longitudinal design was used. AAR was performed before and after decongestion at baseline and after ≥6 months on 60 healthy volunteers. The relationships between NAR, height, weight, BMI, sex, and allergic rhinitis were evaluated by regression analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate paradoxical reactions. Test–retest and repeatability characteristics were evaluated with intra‐class coefficients (ICC), Cronbach's α, and standard error of measurementResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between genders or nasal cavity sides. NAR was statistically significantly related to height. Short‐ and long‐term test–retest characteristics were good with ICC and Cronbach's α > .75. The minimal significant difference in NAR Log10V2 values between the two measurements was 0.11 and 0.09 (long‐ and short‐term). Paradoxical reactions to pharmacological decongestion were rare, mostly weak, and not evidently reproducible.ConclusionIn this study, we report reference data for healthy subjects, test–retest capabilities, and the minimal relevant difference between two measurements for the Rhino‐Comp® AAR, information that is vital and necessary for the appropriate use of AAR in clinical practice. An effective method for pharmacological decongestion is described and recommended for future studies and clinical practice. Paradoxical reactions to pharmacological decongestants exist but maybe without clinical significance.Level of EvidenceNA.
Interview: "Es ist zu viel CO2 in der Luft und einer muss es rausholen"
Authors: Neubauer Uta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDas Schweizer Unternehmen Climeworks baut Anlagen, die CO2 aus der Umgebungsluft abscheiden. Im Interview erläutert Carlos Härtel, Senior Technology Advisor der Geschäftsführung, wie das als Direct Air Capture bezeichnete Verfahren funktioniert und warum er in der Chemieindustrie einen wichtigen Partner sieht.
Recycling: Labor statt Müllcontainer
Authors: Heinrich Markus R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractManche Wirkstoffe in alten Medikamenten sind zu wertvoll, um in der Müllverbrennung entsorgt zu werden. Eine Arbeitsgruppe der Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg extrahiert sie und macht sie als Chemikalien für Forschung und Lehre nutzbar.
Optimal control in a magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient‐echo sequence
Authors: Vernier Benoît , Van Reeth Eric , Pilleul Frank , Lapert Marc , Beuf Oliver , Ratiney Hélène 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article proposes a numerical framework to determine the optimal magnetization preparation in a three‐dimensional magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MP‐RAGE) sequence to obtain the best achievable contrast between target tissues based on differences in their relaxation times. The benefit lies in the adaptation of the algorithm of optimal control, GRAdient Ascent Pulse Engineering (GRAPE), to the optimization of magnetization preparation in a cyclic sequence without full recovery between each cycle. This numerical approach optimizes magnetization preparation of an arbitrary number of radio frequency pulses to enhance contrast, taking into account the establishment of a steady state in the longitudinal component of the magnetization. The optimal control preparation offers an optimized mixed
contrast in this traditional
‐weighted sequence. To show the versatility of the proposed method, numerical and in vitro results are described. Examples of contrasts acquired on brain regions of a healthy volunteer are presented for potential applications at 3 T.
Simple regulation of dielectric pulsing properties of polyethylene glycol‐poly(vinylidene fluoride) coaxial nanofiber films based on blow‐spinning process
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Gong Yutie , Li Hairong , Xu Aihua , Wang Lina , Gong Xue , Jiang Ming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between the fabrication process and the dielectric behavior of thermo‐responsive dielectric materials and accordingly optimizing the dielectric response behavior through simple regulation is critical to advancing their practical applications. For this purpose, we systematically analyze and demonstrate the effects of blow‐spinning process parameters, the feed rate and airflow pressure, on the orientation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) chains, the individual phase fractions of PVDF, the structure of the core‐sheath nanofibers, the mechanical properties, and the dielectric pulsing properties in polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐PVDF core‐sheath fiber films, and achieve the goal of effectively regulating the thermo‐responsive dielectric behavior. In particular, by increasing the airflow pressure, the polar phase fraction of the PVDF can be effectively increased, thus strengthening the dielectric pulsing effect. The significant influence of the processing parameters on the nanofiber structure also allows us to tailor the strength and toughness of the nanofiber films over a wide range by adjusting the feed rate and airflow pressure. Our work shows that the regulation of feed rate and airflow pressure can be used as an effective strategy to optimize the dielectric pulsing and mechanical properties of PEG‐PVDF films, enabling a simple and low‐cost performance optimization of thermo‐responsive dielectric materials.Highlights
Effective regulation of thermal dielectric behavior by tuning process parameters.
Simple tuning of mechanical properties of nanofiber films over a wide range.
High ratio of β‐ and γ‐phases of PVDF by solution blow spinning.
Major polar phases contribute to improved mechanical and dielectric properties.
The role of non‐resident family ties in rural staying
Authors: Ferguson Sara , Haartsen Tialda , Steinführer Annett , Catney Gemma 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInternal migration research is paying increasing attention to the role in migration behaviour of having non‐resident family—family living outside of the household—living close by, and also to non‐migration and staying in general. Combining these two themes, this paper investigates the role of non‐resident family ties in rural staying for adults aged 31–64. Using a mixed methods analysis of survey and interview data from the Netherlands, Germany and Northern Ireland (UK), we examine if the presence of non‐resident family nearby relates to future intentions to stay in the rural region, and we explore the meanings of different family relations and how they relate to past and ongoing staying behaviours. Our findings reveal that living near non‐resident children and in‐laws increases the likelihood of the intention to stay in the rural region for the rest of one's lifetime. While the quantitative analyses suggest that the presence of parents in the area does not contribute to future staying intentions, the interviews revealed that parents' residential proximity was integral in the original staying decision. Non‐resident family members provide emotional and instrumental support, offer location‐specific structural opportunities, and provide a sense of security. Partly, family obligations also play a role in staying, yet not in the sense that rural stayers are ‘stuck in place’ because of family ties, but rather in an implicit way, intertwined with senses of belonging and attachment.
Robotic hepatectomy and cholecystectomy in the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the biliary tract: A case report and literature review
Authors: Savsani Kush , Hansen‐Artache Katrina , Alfonso Anjelica , Lee Seung , Hatfield Bryce , Imai Daisuke , Khan Aamir , Sharma Amit , Saeed Irfan , Kumaran Vinay , Cotterell Adrian , Levy Marlon , Bruno David A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the Western Hemisphere, Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the biliary tract (IPMN‐B) is a rare lesion with uncertain aetiology. This report outlines a scarcely documented instance of IPMN‐B treated using robotic hepatectomy and cholecystectomy supplemented with intraoperative imagery aimed at informing future robotic procedures.MethodsA healthy person with acute cholangitis symptoms underwent diagnostic imaging followed by successful robotic hepatectomy and cholecystectomy. Pathological examination confirmed IPMN‐B.ResultsThe patient was consulted regarding the proposed procedure of robotic left hepatectomy, cholecystectomy, and potential hepaticojejunostomy, to which she provided consent. Subsequent surgical intervention resulted in clear margins for malignancy, and the patient recovered without complications.ConclusionsThis case emphasises the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in managing IPMN. The use of a robotic approach, specifically through robotic left hepatectomy combined with cholecystectomy, offers minimally invasive surgery that provides exceptional visualisation and precise control.
Residuals and diagnostics for multinomial regression models
Authors: Gerber Eric A. E. , Craig Bruce A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we extend the concept of a randomized quantile residual to multinomial regression models. Customary diagnostics for these models are limited because they involve difficult‐to‐interpret residuals and often focus on the fit of one category versus the rest. Our residuals account for associations between categories by using the squared Mahalanobis distances of the observed log‐odds relative to their fitted sampling distributions. Aside from sampling variation, these residuals are exactly normal when the data come from the fitted model. This motivates our use of the residuals to detect model misspecification and overdispersion, in addition to an overall goodness‐of‐fit Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. We illustrate the use of the residuals and diagnostics in both simulation and real data studies.
Self‐Healing Behavior of the Metal Halide Perovskites and Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Chenyun , Qu Du , Zhou Bin , Shang Chuanzhen , Zhang Xinyue , Tu Yongguang , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells have achieved rapid progress in the new‐generation photovoltaic field, but the commercialization lags behind owing to the device stability issue under operational conditions. Ultimately, the instability issue is attributed to the soft lattice of ionic perovskite crystal. In brief, metal halide perovskite materials are susceptible to structural instability processes, including phase segregation, component loss, lattice distortion, and fatigue failure under harsh external stimuli such as high humidity, strong irradiation, wide thermal cycles, and large stress. Developing self‐healing perovskites to further improve the unsatisfactory operational stability of their photoelectric devices under harsh stimuli has become a cutting‐edge hotspot in this field. This self‐healing behavior needs to be studied more comprehensively. Therefore, the self‐healing behavior of the metal halide perovskites and photovoltaics is classified and summarized in this review. By discussing recent advances, underlying mechanisms, strategies, and existing challenges, this review provides perspectives on self‐healing of perovskite solar cells in the future.