bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeat transcranial Doppler ultrasound imaging in Kuwaiti children with sickle cell disease after a 10‐year interval: A prospective, cohort study
Authors: Asbeutah Akram M. , Zahra Akmal M. , Al‐Abboh Hanan , AlMajran Abdullah A. , Adekile Adekunle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTranscranial Doppler imaging (TCDI) of the cerebral arteries is the method of choice to predict patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) at risk for stroke. This study reports TCDI follow‐up of cerebral blood flow in a cohort of Kuwaiti children with SCD after a 10‐year interval.MethodsTwenty‐one pediatric patients with SCD, aged 16.0 ± 1.6 years were initially studied when they were aged 6.5 ± 1.2 years. TCDI scanning was carried out using a phased‐array transducer of 1–3 MHz through the trans‐temporal window. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), time‐averaged mean of the maximum velocity (TAMMV), resistive index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) were obtained in the anterior and posterior Circle of Willis vessels.ResultsThe follow‐up indices were mostly lower than in the initial study although they remained within the normal range in all the arteries. TAMMV was less than 170 cm/s, and PSV did not exceed 200 cm/s in all vessels. The initial and follow‐up TAMMV (mean ± SD) were: 77.3 ± 20.9 and 71.6 ± 9.9 in the terminal internal carotid artery, 94.3 ± 25.8 and 82 ± 18.2 in the middle cerebral artery, 76.6 ± 25.6 and 70.6 ± 10.7 in the anterior cerebral artery, and 59.1 ± 15.8 and 63.9 ± 8.5 in the posterior cerebral artery, respectively. The mean differences between the old and follow‐up data for RI, and PI were statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionsKuwaiti patients with SCD appear to be largely protected from cerebral artery vasculopathy in childhood.
Research progress of neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy in nonhuman primate models
Authors: Guan Yi‐Huan , Zhou Hong‐Su , Luo Bo‐Yan , Hussain Sajid , Xiong Liu‐Lin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the important complications of neonatal asphyxia, which not only leads to neurological disability but also seriously threatens the life of neonates. Over the years, animal models of HIE have been a research hotspot to find ways to cope with HIE and thereby reduce the risk of neonatal death or disability in moderate‐to‐severe HIE. By reviewing the literature related to HIE over the years, it was found that nonhuman primates share a high degree of homology with human gross neural anatomy. The basic data on nonhuman primates are not yet complete, so it is urgent to mine and develop new nonhuman primate model data. In recent years, the research on nonhuman primate HIE models has been gradually enriched and the content is more novel. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to further summarize the methods for establishing the nonhuman primate HIE model and to better elucidate the relevance of the nonhuman primate model to humans by observing the behavioral manifestations, neuropathology, and a series of biomarkers of HIE in primates HIE. Finally, the most popular and desirable treatments studied in nonhuman primate models in the past 5 years are summarized.
Antibodies to Hepatitis B core antigen prevalence study in Kazakhstan
Authors: Savchuk Tatyana , Grinvald Yelena , Ali Mohamed , Sepetiene Ramune , Saussakova Saniya , Zhangazieva Kuralay , Imashpayev Dulat , Abdrakhmanova Saniya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionKazakhstan is being considered medium‐endemic for Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). HBV remains transmissible by direct exposure to infected blood or organic fluids. This cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anti‐HBcore and the risk factors impacting positive anti‐HBcore markers among donors at Scientific‐Production Center of Transfusiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Materials and MethodsThe samples taken from blood donors were tested for anti‐HBcore, by the chemiluminescence immunoassay method on the Architect i2000SR (Abbott). In case of positive anti‐HBcore, the blood samples were further tested for anti‐HBs on the Architect i2000SR (Abbott). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) indicators were tested by kinetic method on the Biosystems A25 analyzer. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software (version 4.1.1, 2021).ResultsFive thousand seven hundred and nine people aged 18–66 years included in the study, the proportion of men and women was 68.17% and 31.83%, respectively. The average age of the participants was 35.7 ± 10.57 years. The prevalence of anti‐HBcore among donors was 17.2% (983). Among participants with elevated ALT (170), this marker was determined in 23%, and for donors with normal levels of ALT (5539)−17%. Participants with positive anti‐HBcore scores were on average older (41.8 vs. 34.4 years, p < .001) and Kazakhs (88.7% vs. 83.0%, p < .001) by nationality than study participants with negative results of anti‐HBcore.ConclusionsAnti‐HBcore prevalence in Kazakhstan (17.2%) compared with other countries (Croatia 7%, France 7%, Germany 9%, Iran 16%, Malaysia 20%, respectively) remains above average. Given the prevalence of HBV and risk factors, it is recommended to include an additional anti‐HBcore marker in the mandatory screening of donated blood in the Kazakhstan Republic and improve preventive measures to prevent HBV transmission by blood transfusions.
NCR negative group 3 innate lymphoid cell (NCR−ILC3) participates in abnormal pathology of lung in cigarette smoking‐induced COPD mice
Authors: Chu Shuyuan , Ma Libing , Yang Xia , Xiao Bo , Liang Yaxi , Zheng Shaojie , Li Linqiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundNatural cytotoxicity receptor negative innate lymphoid cell (NCR−ILC3) involves into mucosal homeostasis, inflammation regulation and tissue remodeling. The proportion of NCR−ILC3 is increased in the lung of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there's still few understandings on the role of NCR−ILC3 in COPD pathogenesis.MethodsCOPD mice were induced by cigarette smoking. The pathology in lung was detected in histology. The frequency of NCR−ILC3 (CD3‐CD45+RORγt+NkP46‐) from murine lung was detected using flow cytometry. IL‐17+RORγt+ double positive cells in lung were assessed by double immunofluorescence staining. The protein expressions of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, namely E‐cadherin and Vimentin, were assessed using immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting.ResultsThe frequency of NCR−ILC3 in lung was higher in COPD group than controls. The IL‐17+RORγt+ cells in lung from COPD mice were more than controls. E‐cadherin expression was decreased but Vimentin expression was increased in lung of COPD mice, when compared with controls. The frequency of NCR−ILC3 in lung tissues were positively correlated with mean linear intercept in lung, destructive index in lung and EMT, respectively.ConclusionsNCR−ILC3 could contribute to emphysema and EMT in lung of cigarette smoking‐induced COPD, which will provide further understanding on COPD pathogenesis of immune response.
High‐throughput screening and biological display technology: Applications in molecular imaging
Authors: Luo Renli , Liu Hongguang , Cheng Zhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMolecular imaging plays important roles in many fields, including disease diagnosis, therapeutic efficacy evaluation, intraoperative imaging guidance, drug metabolism monitoring, and patient selection for appropriate treatment. As a key component, the targeting ligand determines the specificity, affinity, and in vivo performance of molecular imaging probes. In this review, high‐throughput screening and biological display platforms for the discovery of ligands applicable to molecular imaging are briefly reviewed. Basic information on ligand development for molecular imaging is first introduced, followed by a presentation of various selection platforms and typical or iterative cases. The features, advantages, limitations, and application scope of screening and display platforms are compared and discussed. Last, a basic selection strategy and a perspective for protein‐based ligands are provided.
GNA11 Variants Identified in Patients with Hypercalcemia or Hypocalcemia
Authors: Howles Sarah A. , Gorvin Caroline M. , Cranston Treena , Rogers Angela , Gluck Anna K. , Boon Hannah , Gibson Kate , Rahman Mushtaqur , Root Allen , Nesbit M. Andrew , Hannan Fadil M. , Thakker Rajesh V. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 2 (FHH2) and autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 2 (ADH2) are due to loss- and gain-of-function mutations, respectively, of the GNA11 gene that encodes the G protein subunit Gα11, a signaling partner of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). To date, four probands with FHH2-associated Gα11 mutations and eight probands with ADH2-associated Gα11 mutations have been reported. In a 10-year period, we identified 37 different germline GNA11 variants in &gt;1200 probands referred for investigation of genetic causes for hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia, comprising 14 synonymous, 12 noncoding, and 11 nonsynonymous variants. The synonymous and noncoding variants were predicted to be benign or likely benign by in silico analysis, with 5 and 3, respectively, occurring in both hypercalcemic and hypocalcemic individuals. Nine of the nonsynonymous variants (Thr54Met, Arg60His, Arg60Leu, Gly66Ser, Arg149His, Arg181Gln, Phe220Ser, Val340Met, Phe341Leu) identified in 13 probands have been reported to be FHH2- or ADH2-causing. Of the remaining nonsynonymous variants, Ala65Thr was predicted to be benign, and Met87Val, identified in a hypercalcemic individual, was predicted to be of uncertain significance. Three-dimensional homology modeling of the Val87 variant suggested it was likely benign, and expression of Val87 variant and wild-type Met87 Gα11 in CaSR-expressing HEK293 cells revealed no differences in intracellular calcium responses to alterations in extracellular calcium concentrations, consistent with Val87 being a benign polymorphism. Two noncoding region variants, a 40bp-5'UTR deletion and a 15bp-intronic deletion, identified only in hypercalcemic individuals, were associated with decreased luciferase expression in vitro but no alterations in GNA11 mRNA or Gα11 protein levels in cells from the patient and no abnormality in splicing of the GNA11 mRNA, respectively, confirming them to be benign polymorphisms. Thus, this study identified likely disease-causing GNA11 variants in &lt;1% of probands with hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia and highlights the occurrence of GNA11 rare variants that are benign polymorphisms. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The Importance of Recent Prevalent Fracture Site for Imminent Risk of Fracture – A Retrospective, Nationwide Cohort Study of Older Swedish Men and Women
Authors: Axelsson Kristian F. , Litsne Henrik , Lorentzon Mattias 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
There is limited evidence regarding which fracture types carry the highest risk for subsequent fracture. The aim of this study was to investigate how the risk of imminent fracture depends on index fracture site. This nationwide retrospective cohort study utilized national registers in Sweden to determine the risk of fracture according to recent (≤2 years) index fracture site and according to an old (&gt;2 years) prevalent fracture compared with the risk observed in controls without a fracture. All Swedes 50 years or older between 2007 and 2010 were included in the study. Patients with a recent fracture were designated a specific fracture group depending on the type of previous fracture. Recent fractures were classified as major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), including fractured hip, vertebra, proximal humerus, and wrist, or non-MOF. Patients were followed until December 31, 2017, censored for death and emigration, and the risk of any fracture and hip fracture was assessed. A total of 3,423,320 persons were included in the study, 70,254 with a recent MOF, 75,526 with a recent non-MOF, 293,051 with an old fracture, and 2,984,489 persons with no previous fracture. The median time of follow-up for the four groups was 6.1 (interquartile range [IQR] 3.0–8.8), 7.2 (5.6–9.4), 7.1 (5.8–9.2), and 8.1 years (7.4–9.7), respectively. Patients with a recent MOF, recent non-MOF, and old fracture had a substantially increased risk of any fracture (hazard ratio [HR] adjusted for age and sex 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08–2.14; HR 2.24, 95% CI 2.21–2.27; and HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.76–1.78, respectively) compared with controls. All recent fractures, MOFs, and non-MOFs, as well as older fractures, increase the risk of subsequent fracture, suggesting that all recent fractures should be included in fracture liaison services and that case-finding strategies for those with older fractures may be warranted to prevent subsequent fractures. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Analytical performance evaluation of Lumipulse® SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen assay in 392 asymptomatic patients
Authors: Petruzziello Arnolfo , Sabatino Rocco , Catapane Livia Anna , De Falco Carmela , Petti Antonella , Tripaldelli Elena , Loquercio Giovanna , Annecchiarico Angela , Salzillo Angela , Caradonna Eugenio , Maggi Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is one of the current public health care challenges. The main strategy adopted to prevent the spread of infection is the rapid identification of COVID‐19‐positive subjects. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of Lumipulse® antigen immunoassay with the real‐time RT‐PCR, the gold standard for the diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, in a strictly selected asymptomatic population.Materials and MethodsA total of 392 consecutive oro‐nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients with no symptoms related to COVID‐19 at the Emergency Department of AORN Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy to evaluate the analytical performance of Lumipulse® SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen compared to qualitative real‐time RT‐PCR in asymptomatic patients.ResultsLumipulse® SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen assay shows an overall agreement rate of 97% with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 98%, with a PPV and NPV of 97%. The sensitivity varies according to the cycle threshold (Ct)‐value reaching 100% and 86% with 15 < Ct < 25 and Ct ≥ 25, respectively. The ROC analysis yielded an AUC value of 0.98, suggesting that the antigen test may accurately detect SARS‐CoV‐2.ConclusionOur data showed that Lumipulse® SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen assay might be an efficient tool in the identification and limitation of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in large asymptomatic populations.
Non‐Invasive prenatal testing with rolling circle amplification: Real‐world clinical experience in a non‐molecular laboratory
Authors: Saidel Matthew L. , Ananth Uma , Rose Donna , Farrell Cara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundNon‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) circulating in maternal blood provides a sensitive and specific screening technique for common fetal aneuploidies, but the high cost and workflow complexity of conventional methodologies limit its widespread implementation. A unique rolling circle amplification methodology reduces cost and complexity, providing a promising alternative for increased global accessibility as a first‐tier test.MethodsIn this clinical study, 8160 pregnant women were screened on the Vanadis system for trisomies 13, 18, and 21, and positive results were compared to clinical outcomes where available.ResultsThe Vanadis system yielded a 0.07% no‐call rate, a 98% overall sensitivity, and a specificity of over 99% based on available outcomes.ConclusionThe Vanadis system provided a sensitive, specific, and cost‐effective cfDNA assay for trisomies 13, 18, and 21, with good performance characteristics and low no‐call rate, and it eliminated the need for either next‐generation sequencing or polymerase chain reaction amplification.
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI: Capability for Predicting Therapeutic Effect of Chemoradiotherapy on Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Ohno Yoshiharu , Yui Masao , Yamamoto Kaori , Takenaka Daisuke , Koyama Hisanobu , Nagata Hiroyuki , Ueda Takahiro , Ikeda Hirotaka , Ozawa Yoshiyuki , Toyama Hiroshi , Yoshikawa Takeshi 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAmide proton transfer (APT) weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer CEST (APTw/CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been suggested as having the potential for assessing the therapeutic effect of brain tumors or rectal cancer. Moreover, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and positron emission tomography fused with computed tomography by means of 2‐[fluorine‐18]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG‐PET/CT) have been suggested as useful in same setting.PurposeTo compare the capability of APTw/CEST imaging, DWI, and FDG‐PET/CT for predicting therapeutic effect of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on stage III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Study TypeProspective.PopulationEighty‐four consecutive patients with Stage III NSCLC, 45 men (age range, 62–75 years; mean age, 71 years) and 39 women (age range, 57–75 years; mean age, 70 years). All patients were then divided into two groups (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST] responders, consisting of the complete response and partial response groups, and RECIST non‐responders, consisting of the stable disease and progressive disease groups).Field Strength/Sequence3 T, echo planar imaging or fast advanced spin‐echo (FASE) sequences for DWI and 2D half Fourier FASE sequences with magnetization transfer pulses for CEST imaging.AssessmentMagnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) at 3.5 ppm, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax,) on PET/CT were assessed by means of region of interest (ROI) measurements at primary tumor.Statistical TestsKaplan–Meier method followed by log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with multivariate analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsProgression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) had significant difference between two groups. MTRasym at 3.5 ppm (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.70) and SUVmax (HR = 1.41) were identified as significant predictors for PFS. Tumor staging (HR = 0.57) was also significant predictors for OS.Data ConclusionAPTw/CEST imaging showed potential performance as DWI and FDG‐PET/CT for predicting the therapeutic effect of CRT on stage III NSCLC patients.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1
The presence of resistance‐associated mutations in reverse transcriptase gene is associated with cerebrospinal fluid HIV‐1 escape: A multicentric retrospective analysis
Authors: Trunfio Mattia , Pinnetti Carmela , Arsuffi Stefania , Bai Francesca , Celani Luigi , D'Ettorre Gabriella , Vera Jaime H. , D'Arminio Monforte Antonella , Focà Emanuele , Ghisetti Valeria , Bonora Stefano , Antinori Andrea , Calcagno Andrea 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigher risk of cerebrospinal fluid escape (CVE) has been associated with the use of specific antiretroviral (ARV) classes, such as protease inhibitors. We assessed whether archived resistance‐associated mutations (RAMs) can mediate this relationship by identifying patients treated with incompletely active antiretroviral regimens. A retrospective multicentric study on 282 adult people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and available historical plasma genotype resistance testing (HGRT) for reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease genes between 2001 and 2021. The odds ratio for demographic, clinic‐, and ART‐related variables and CVE was estimated by multivariable modeling. HGRT‐adjusted central nervous system effectiveness penetration (CPE) score was computed in modeling the risk. Median age, plasma VL, and CD4 count were 49 years, <50 copies/mL, and 310 cells/μL. CVE was detected in 51 participants (17.0%). No difference in CVE prevalence was observed according to ART type, number of ARVs or ARV classes. Participants with CVE had more frequently plasma (52.9% vs. 32.1%, p = 0.005) and CSF RAMs in RT (n = 63, 57.1% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.029), but not in protease gene. The presence of plasma RAMs in RT associated with increased odds of CVE in adjusted analyses (aOR 3.9, p < 0.001) and in models restricted to plasma viral load ≤50 copies/mL (n = 202; aOR 4.3, p = 0.003). CVE risk decreased by 40% per each point increase in HGRT‐adjusted CPE score in multivariable models (p < 0.001). Rather than the type of ARV classes or of ART regimens, functional mono or dual regimens caused by the presence of RAMs affecting ART components may explain the majority of cases of CVE.
Clinical performance of a newly developed domestic urine‐based HPV test for cervical cancer screening in China
Authors: Xu Hui‐Fang , Zhao Xue‐Lian , Zhao Shuang , Hu Shang‐Ying , Zhang Xun , Zhao Fang‐Hui , Qiao You‐Lin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough urine‐based human papillomavirus (HPV) detection is promising in cervical cancer screening, it has not yet been well‐developed. Women aged 30–65 were invited to participate in the current study to provide one urine and two paired vaginal samples. Urine was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based HPV test (urine‐based HPV test). Two vaginal samples were tested by careHPV and GenPlex® HPV genotyping assay, respectively. Women with vaginal HPV positive were called back for colposcopy and biopsied if clinically indicated. The consistency was 79.0% (κ = 0.563) and 80.5% (κ = 0.605) between the urine‐based HPV test, careHPV test, and GenPlex® HPV genotyping assay. Against CIN2 detection, the careHPV test showed 77.4% sensitivity, and 71.0% specificity, while the GenPlex® HPV genotyping assay had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 58.7%. For urine‐based HPV test, the corresponding rates were 96.8% and 58.7%. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the urine‐based HPV test and careHPV test (p = 0.3395) and GenPlex® HPV genotyping assay (p = 0.338). The newly developed urine‐based HPV test demonstrated acceptable consistency and comparable clinical performance with referenced HPV tests for vaginal samples. Therefore, urine‐based HPV detection could be a useful alternative for women with difficulties to access cervical cancer screening.
“The two voices,” or more? Music and gender from myth and conquests to the neurosciences
Authors: Majno Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMusic is a unique phenomenon, constantly eliciting interest from a variety of viewpoints, several of which intersect the universal trait of musicality with sex/gender studies and the neurosciences. Its unparalleled power and physical, social, aesthetic, as well as cognitive, emotional and clinical ramifications make it a specially promising terrain for studies and reflections on sex and gender differences and their impact. This overview wishes to enhance awareness of such issues, also fostering an interdisciplinary exchange between the natural sciences, the humanities, and the arts. Over the centuries, different associations of music with the feminine gender have contributed to a pendulum between progressive recognition and stereotypical setbacks requiring to be overcome. Against this backdrop, music‐related neurophysiological and psychological studies on sex and gender specificities are reviewed in their multiple approaches and results, exposing or questioning differences in structural, auditory, hormonal, cognitive, and behavioral areas, also in relation to abilities, treatment, and pedagogy. Thus, the bridging potential of music as universal yet diverse language, art, and practice, recommends its gender‐aware integration into education, protective endeavors, and therapeutic interventions, to promote equality and well‐being.