bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer‐assisted English learning: Uncovering the relationship between motivation and self‐regulation
Authors: Wang Cong , Zhu Sida , Zhang Haijing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSince the outbreak of COVID‐19, universities in Hong Kong have implemented online and hybrid teaching modes, making computer‐assisted language learning (CALL) a primary way for English learning. Research on English learning motivation and self‐regulation has seldom considered learners' emotions (satisfaction and preparedness) and the synchronic online courses in a CALL context.ObjectivesThis study analyses the relationship between Hong Kong university students' motivation and self‐regulation by considering their emotions in computer‐assisted synchronic online English courses.Methods311 Hong Kong university students were invited to complete two questionnaires that investigated students' motivation and self‐regulation in computer‐assisted online English courses. SPSS 26 was employed for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to extract factors and exclude unsuitable items, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to verify the results of EFA. One‐way ANOVA was conducted to detect the impact of personal emotion on motivation and self‐regulation. AMOS 26 was adopted to construct a structural equation model (SEM) to explore the relationship between motivation and self‐regulation in the CALL context.Results and ConclusionsThe results show that satisfaction and preparedness positively correlate with online English learning motivation and self‐regulation. Instrumentality‐attitude significantly predicts all factors of self‐regulation via SEM and goal setting significantly predicts all factors of motivation. With feasible English learning goals, Hong Kong university students are more proactive in learning English online where they actively interact with teachers and peers.ImplicationsBased on the L2 self‐system (Dörnyei, The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition, 2005) and self‐determination theory (Barnard et al., Internet and Higher Education, 2009, 12, 1–6), this study clarifies the relationship between motivation and self‐regulation in the CALL context, expanding the application scope of the two theories. COVID‐19 has changed the teaching mode greatly, calling for a revolution in language education and learning. This study provides significant pedagogical implications that benefit both learners and teachers in CALL post‐COVID‐19.
Prevalence of stable and successfully treated periodontitis subjects and incidence of subsequent tooth loss within supportive periodontal care: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Rattu Varkha , Raindi Devan S. , Antonoglou Georgios N. , Nibali Luigi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo identify (i) the prevalence of meeting the endpoints of ‘stable periodontitis’ (probing pocket depth [PPD] ≤ 4 mm, bleeding on probing [BoP] < 10%, no BoP at 4 mm sites), ‘endpoints of therapy’ (no PPD > 4 mm with BoP, no PPD ≥ 6 mm), ‘controlled periodontitis’ (≤4 sites with PPD ≥ 5 mm), ‘PPD < 5 mm’ and ‘PPD < 6 mm’ at the start of supportive periodontal care [SPC]) and (ii) the incidence of tooth loss in relation to not meeting these endpoints within a minimum of 5 years of SPC.Materials and MethodsSystematic electronic and manual searches were conducted to identify studies where subjects, upon completion of active periodontal therapy, entered into SPC. Duplicate screening was performed to find relevant articles. Corresponding authors were contacted to confirm inclusion and retrieve required clinical data for further analyses to assess the prevalence of reaching endpoints and incidence of subsequent tooth loss, if available, within at least 5 years of SPC. Meta‐analyses were carried out to evaluate risk ratios for tooth loss in relation to not reaching the various endpoints.ResultsFifteen studies including 12,884 patients and 323,111 teeth were retrieved. Achievement of endpoints at baseline SPC was rare (1.35%, 11.00% and 34.62%, respectively, for ‘stable periodontitis’, ‘endpoints of therapy’ and ‘controlled periodontitis’). Less than a third of the 1190 subjects with 5 years of SPC data lost teeth—a total of 3.14% of all teeth were lost. Statistically significant associations with tooth loss, at the subject‐level, were found for not achieving ‘controlled periodontitis’ (relative risk [RR] = 2.57), PPD < 5 mm (RR = 1.59) and PPD < 6 mm (RR = 1.98).ConclusionsAn overwhelming majority of subjects and teeth do not achieve the proposed endpoints for periodontal stability, yet most periodontal patients preserve most of their teeth during an average of 10–13 years in SPC.
Commentary: Cognitive stimulation and executive functions in the prevention and treatment of childhood disorders – reflection on Phillips et al., 2023
Authors: Matthys Walter 
Published: July 2023

The study by Phillips et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2023) shows that preschool executive functions (EF) are a transdiagnostic mechanism through which deprivation increases the risk for psychopathology in adolescence. In addition, deprivation appeared to be a key mechanism through which economic adversity (i.e., lower income‐to‐needs ratio and maternal education) undermines EF and increases the risk for psychopathology in adolescence. In this commentary, implications for early prevention and treatment of childhood disorders are discussed. In view of optimal EF development attention is needed to cognitive and social stimulation both in: (a) selective prevention targeting preschool children at high risk for childhood disorders due to low socioeconomic status; (b) indicated prevention targeting preschool children with minimal but detectable symptoms from low socioeconomic status families; and (c) treatment targeting preschool children with a clinical disorder from low socioeconomic status families.
Fibre intake and supplementation during treatment for haematological malignancies: A scoping review
Authors: Andersen Sarah , Henden Andrea , Staudacher Heidi , Kennedy Glen , Gavin Nicole 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal microbiome diversity decreases rapidly during haematological cancer treatment with low diversity associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Therefore, factors that may benefit the microbiome require evaluation. This scoping review aimed to identify and describe the available research on fibre intake and supplementation during haematological cancer treatment.MethodsThis scoping review included observational studies of usual fibre intake and intervention fibre supplementation trials with patients undergoing chemotherapy, immunotherapy or stem cell transplantation for haematological malignancy. Comprehensive searching of four databases plus grey literature was conducted. Study design, type of fibre (for fibre supplementation trials) and evaluated outcomes were recorded. The review was registered on Open Science Framework and completed in three stages. There were no date restrictions in the search and only studies in English were included.ResultsFive studies met the inclusion criteria for the review including two observational studies and three supplementation trials. No randomised control trials were identified. The interventional studies provided either a single fibre supplement (fructo‐oligosaccharide) or a combination of fibres (polydextrose, lactosucrose, resistant starch or oligosaccharides plus fibre) during stem cell transplantation. The most frequently evaluated outcomes included tolerability of the fibre supplement, clinical outcomes (infection, graft versus host disease, survival) and the impact on the gastrointestinal microbiome.ConclusionsFurther research, including randomised controlled trials, is needed to investigate the role of fibre during haematological cancer treatment, including the pathways in which it might improve disease outcome.
Effects of two delivery matrix components, alginate and polyethylene glycol, on the intestinal tract and inflammatory response of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum
Authors: Just Philip N. , Slater Matthew J. , Müller Claudia , Köllner Bernd 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA critical step in the administration of oral vaccines in aquaculture is the effective protection of the vaccine antigens through the delivery route of water to stomach to the mucosal immune system in the gut. Bioactive substances can be incorporated into protective matrices to ensure safe ingestion and controlled release into the posterior digestive tract. Polyethylene glycol and alginate are promising and frequently applied substances in the oral administration of pharmaceutical substances; however, their direct influence on the intestinal tract or inflammatory response is not well investigated in aquaculture fish. In the current study, these two substances were evaluated separately and in combination. They were included in a commercial diet for juvenile rainbow trout (18.7 ± 0.1 g) and applied over 22 days in controlled feeding to determine possible gut alterations and inflammatory responses. Three different sections of the intestine, the anterior pyloric caeca, the mid‐intestine, and the posterior intestine, were histologically examined, and expression of inflammatory genes was measured in each. The inclusion of polyethylene glycol in the diet led to a significant reduction of villus height in the pyloric caeca and thus a significant reduction in active surface area. In the mid‐intestine, alginate inclusion resulted in a significant reduction of the mucus‐secreting goblet cells and a significant increase in villus width. In the posterior intestine, polyethylene glycol inclusion caused a significant increase in number of large vacuoles present; the addition of alginate buffered this effect. The results of the histological evaluation indicated symptoms that are usually evident in intestinal inflammation and can reduce functions of the respective intestinal segments. No significant increases in pro‐inflammatory gene expression tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐8, or IL‐1β were present, indicating no severe inflammatory response. Based on the observed histological impairments, negative consequences such as reduced efficiency of an oral vaccine or productivity of aquaculture rearing due to hindered nutrient digestion can be considered unlikely.
Empirical tests of scientific realism: A quantitative framework
Authors: McAllister James W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe scientific realism debate in philosophy of science raises some intriguing methodological issues. Scientific realism posits a link between a scientific theory's observational and referential success. This opens the possibility of testing the thesis empirically, by searching for evidence of such a link in the record of theories put forward in the history of science. Many realist philosophers working today propose case study methodology as a way of carrying out such a test. This article argues that a qualitative method such as case study methodology is not adequate for this purpose, for two reasons: to test scientific realism is to pose an effects‐of‐causes question, and observational and referential success are quantities that theories possess to a greater or lesser degree. The article concludes that an empirical test of scientific realism requires a quantitative method.
The value of philosophy: A Canguilhemian perspective
Authors: Vydra Anton 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper represents a philosophical reflection on the nature and value of philosophy itself. Georges Canguilhem somewhat scandalously argued that the fundamental value of philosophy does not lie in truth. He suggests that truth is a typical value of science because truth is what science says and what is said scientifically. Why would a philosopher depreciate his own discipline? And does he really do so? Or is there a different motivation: to help philosophy to become a much more self‐confident voice? And if truth is no longer a value of philosophy, what value fits it better? The article follows Canguilhem in his conception of truth, science, and philosophy. It is against the background of these considerations that the specific revised anthropology of the scientist or philosopher is formed. The main question is what this means for current philosophy and why it could be inspiring for philosophers today.
Multiattribute multitask transformer framework for vision‐based structural health monitoring
Authors: Gao Yuqing , Yang Jianfei , Qian Hanjie , Mosalam Khalid M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUsing deep learning (DL) to recognize building and infrastructure damage via images is becoming popular in vision‐based structural health monitoring (SHM). However, many previous studies solely work on the existence of damage in the images and directly treat the problem as a single‐attribute classification or separately focus on finding the location or area of the damage as a localization or segmentation problem. Abundant information in the images from multiple sources and intertask relationships are not fully exploited. In this study, the vision‐based SHM problem is first reformulated into a multiattribute multitask setting, where each image contains multiple labels to describe its characteristics. Subsequently, a general multiattribute multitask detection framework, namely ϕ‐NeXt, is proposed, which introduces 10 benchmark tasks including classification, localization, and segmentation tasks. Accordingly, a large‐scale data set containing 37,000 pairs of multilabeled images is established. To pursue better performance in all tasks, a novel hierarchical framework, namely multiattribute multitask transformer (MAMT2) is proposed, which integrates multitask transfer learning mechanisms and adopts a transformer‐based network as the backbone. Finally, for benchmarking purposes, extensive experiments are conducted on all tasks and the performance of the proposed MAMT2 is compared with several classical DL models. The results demonstrate the superiority of the MAMT2 in all tasks, which reveals a great potential for practical applications and future studies in both structural engineering and computer vision.
A novel tomato spotted wilt virus isolate encoding a noncanonical NSm C118F substitution associated with Sw‐5 tomato gene resistance breaking
Authors: Rodríguez‐Negrete Edgar Antonio , Guevara‐Rivera Enrique Alejandro , Arce‐Leal Ángela Paulina , Leyva‐López Norma Elena , Méndez‐Lozano Jesús 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe nonstructural protein NSm of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has been identified as the avirulence determinant of the tomato single dominant Sw‐5 resistance gene. Although Sw‐5 effectiveness has been shown for most TSWV isolates, the emergence of resistance‐breaking (RB) isolates has been observed. It is strongly associated with two point mutations (C118Y or T120N) in the NSm viral protein. TSWV‐like symptoms were observed in tomato crop cultivars (+Sw‐5) in the Baja California peninsula, Mexico, and molecular methods confirmed the presence of TSWV. Sequence analysis of the NSm 118–120 motif and three‐dimensional protein modelling exhibited a noncanonical C118F substitution in seven isolates, suggesting that this substitution could emulate the C118Y‐related RB phenotype. Furthermore, phylogenetic and molecular analysis of the full‐length genome (TSWV‐MX) revealed its reassortment‐related evolution and confirmed that putative RB‐related features are restricted to the NSm protein. Biological and mutational NSm 118 residue assays in tomato (+Sw‐5) confirmed the RB nature of TSWV‐MX isolate, and the F118 residue plays a critical role in the RB phenotype. The discovery of a novel TSWV‐RB Mexican isolate with the presence of C118F substitution highlights a not previously described viral adaptation in the genus Orthotospovirus, and hence, the necessity of further crop monitoring to alert the establishment of novel RB isolates in cultivated tomatoes.
Rice stripe virus nonstructural protein 3 suppresses plant defence responses mediated by the MEL–SHMT1 module
Authors: Wang Kun , Fu Shuai , Wu Liang , Wu Jianxiang , Wang Yaqin , Xu Yi , Zhou Xueping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOur previous study identified an evolutionarily conserved C4HC3‐type E3 ligase, named microtubule‐associated E3 ligase (MEL), that regulates broad‐spectrum plant resistance against viral, fungal and bacterial pathogens in multiple plant species by mediating serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1) degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. In the present study, we found that NS3 protein encoded by rice stripe virus could competitively bind to the MEL substrate recognition site, thereby inhibiting MEL interacting with and ubiquitinating SHMT1. This, in turn, leads to the accumulation of SHMT1 and the repression of downstream plant defence responses, including reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway activation, and the up‐regulation of disease‐related gene expression. Our findings shed light on the ongoing arms race between pathogens and demonstrate how a plant virus can counteract the plant defence response.
Diversification of JAZ‐MYC signaling function in immune metabolism
Authors: Johnson Leah Y. D. , Major Ian T. , Chen Yani , Yang Changxian , Vanegas‐Cano Leidy J. , Howe Gregg A. 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Jasmonate (JA) re‐programs metabolism to confer resistance to diverse environmental threats. Jasmonate stimulates the degradation of JASMONATE ZIM‐DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins that repress the activity of MYC transcription factors. In Arabidopsis thaliana, MYC and JAZ are encoded by 4 and 13 genes, respectively. The extent to which expansion of the MYC and JAZ families has contributed to functional diversification of JA responses is not well understood.
Here, we investigated the role of MYC and JAZ paralogs in controlling the production of defense compounds derived from aromatic amino acids (AAAs).
Analysis of loss‐of‐function and dominant myc mutations identified MYC3 and MYC4 as the major regulators of JA‐induced tryptophan metabolism. We developed a JAZ family‐based, forward genetics approach to screen randomized jaz polymutants for allelic combinations that enhance tryptophan biosynthetic capacity. We found that mutants defective in all members (JAZ1/2/5/6) of JAZ group I over‐accumulate AAA‐derived defense compounds, constitutively express marker genes for the JA–ethylene branch of immunity and are more resistant to necrotrophic pathogens but not insect herbivores.
In defining JAZ and MYC paralogs that regulate the production of amino‐acid‐derived defense compounds, our results provide insight into the specificity of JA signaling in immunity.
Patterns, predictors, and outcomes of situated expectancy‐value profiles in an introductory chemistry course
Authors: Perez Tony , Robinson Kristy A. , Priniski Stacy J. , Lee You‐kyung , Totonchi Delaram A. , Linnenbrink‐Garcia Lisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUsing latent profile analysis, we identified profiles of expectancy beliefs, perceived values, and perceived costs among 1433 first‐ and second‐year undergraduates in an introductory chemistry course for STEMM majors. We also investigated demographic differences in profile membership and the relation of profiles to chemistry final exam achievement, science/STEMM credits completed, and graduating with a science/STEMM major. Four motivational profiles were identified: Moderately Confident and Costly (profile 1), Mixed Values‐Costs/Moderate‐High Confidence (profile 2), High Confidence and Values/Moderate‐Low Costs (profile 3), and High All (profile 4). Underrepresented students in STEMM were more likely to be in profile 2 relative to profile 3. First‐generation college students were more likely to be in profile 4 than profile 3. Finally, students likely to be in profile 3 had higher final exam grades than the other profiles and were more likely to graduate with a science major compared to profile 1. There were no differences in graduating science major between profile 3 and the other two profiles. Thus, profile 3 was most adaptive for both proximal (final exam) and distal (graduating with a science major) outcomes. Results suggest that supporting motivation early in college is important for persistence and ultimately the talent development of undergraduate STEMM students.
Identity and functional characterisation of the transporter supporting the Na+‐dependent high‐affinity NO3− uptake in Zostera marina L.
Authors: Rubio Lourdes , Díaz‐García Jordi , Martín‐Pizarro Carmen , Siverio José M. , Raven John A. , Fernández José A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractZostera marina is a seagrass, a group of angiosperms that evolved from land to live submerged in seawater, an environment of high salinity, alkaline pH and usually very low NO3−. In 2000, we reported the first physiological evidence for the Na+‐dependent high‐affinity NO3− uptake in this plant. Now, to determine the molecular identity of this process, we searched for NO3− transporters common to other vascular plants encoded in Z. marina's genome. We cloned two candidates, ZosmaNPF6.3 and ZosmaNRT2 with its partner protein ZosmaNAR2. ZosmaNAR2 expression levels increase up to 4.5‐fold in Z. marina leaves under NO3−‐deficiency, while ZosmaNRT2 and ZosmaNPF6.3 expressions were low and unaffected by NO3−. NO3− transport capacity, kinetic properties and H+ or Na+‐dependence were examined by heterologous expression in the Hansenula polymorpha high‐affinity NO3− transporter gene disrupted strain (∆ynt1). ZosmaNPF6.3 functions as a H+‐dependent NO3− transporter, without functionality at alkaline pH and apparent dual kinetics (KM = 11.1 µM at NO3− concentrations below 50 µM). ZosmaNRT2 transports NO3− in a H+‐independent but Na+‐dependent manner (KM = 1 mM Na+), with low NO3− affinity (KM = 30 µM). When ZosmaNRT2 and ZosmaNAR2 are co‐expressed, a Na+‐dependent high‐affinity NO3− transport occurs (KM = 5.7 µM NO3−), mimicking the in vivo value. These results are discussed in the physiological context, providing evidence that ZosmaNRT2 is a Na+‐dependent high‐affinity NO3− transporter, the first of its kind to be functionally characterised in a vascular plant, that requires ZosmaNAR2 to achieve the necessary high‐affinity for nitrate uptake from seawater.
Identification and characterization of the compound heterozygous variants of TYR gene in a northern Chinese family with Oculocutaneous albinism type 1
Authors: Si Shuhan , Jia Xueyuan , Xu Lidan , Qin Qian , Wu Jie , Ji Wei , Dong Kexian , Zhang Xuelong , Cao Lin , Wang Hao , Liu Peng , Wang Rongrong , Bai Jing , Fu Songbin , Huang Yun , Sun Wenjing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a genetically heterogeneous disease and is most inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The characteristic manifestation of OCA is due to disfunction of melanin synthesis. OCA1 is the most severe subtype of OCA and is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in tyrosinase (TYR) gene, which is the key gene for melanin synthesis. This study aimed to identify the genetic variants of a northern Chinese family with OCA1. Clinical information and peripheral blood samples were collected. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were used to detect the entire exons and adjacent flanking sequences of TYR gene. Functional prediction of variants was performed by various bioinformatic analyses, while the pathogenicity classification of variants was evaluated according to ACMG standards and guidelines. A missense variant NM_000372.5:c.107G > C;NP_000363.1:p.C36S was discovered in TYR gene which converted cysteine to serine. Another variant in intron, NM_000372.5:c.1037–7 T > A, also affected the function of TYR gene. We verified the pathogenicity of the intron variant with a pCAS2 mini‐gene based splicing assay and found that c.1037–7 T > A led to an insertion of 5 bp upstream from the common acceptor site of exon 3, which caused a frameshift TYR:c.1037–7 T > A:p.G346Efs*11. The results showed that the compound heterozygous variants c.107G > C:p.C36S and c.1037–7 T > A:p.G346Efs*11 of TYR gene were the pathogenic variants for this OCA1 family.