bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DenseNet weed recognition model combining local variance preprocessing and attention mechanism
Authors: Mu Ye , Ni Ruiwen , Fu Lili , Luo Tianye , Feng Ruilong , Li Ji , Pan Haohong , Wang Yingkai , Sun Yu , Gong He , Guo Ying , Hu Tianli , Bao Yu , Li Shijun 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to effectively and accurately identify weed species in crop fields in complex environments. There are many kinds of weeds in the detection area, which are densely distributed.MethodsThe paper proposes the use of local variance pre-processing method for background segmentation and data enhancement, which effectively removes the complex background and redundant information from the data, and prevents the experiment from overfitting, which can improve the accuracy rate significantly. Then, based on the optimization improvement of DenseNet network, Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) mechanism is introduced after the convolutional layer to increase the weight of important features, strengthen the weed features and suppress the background features.ResultsUsing the processed images to train the model, the accuracy rate reaches 97.98%, which is a great improvement, and the comprehensive performance is higher than that of DenseNet, VGGNet-16, VGGNet-19, ResNet-50, DANet, DNANet, and U-Net models.DiscussionThe experimental data show that the model and method we designed are well suited to solve the problem of accurate identification of crop and weed species in complex environments, laying a solid technical foundation for the development of intelligent weeding robots.
Psychiatric disorders and comorbidity in a Spanish sample of prisoners at the end of their sentence: Prevalence rates and associations with criminal history
Authors: Pagerols Mireia , Valero Sergi , Dueñas Lourdes , Bosch Rosa , Casas Miquel 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThis study examined, for the first time, the prevalence of mental disorders and comorbidities among inmates who were about to be released, and their association with criminal history.MethodsA Spanish sample of 140 prisoners at the end of their sentence was recruited from an occupational program. Psychiatric disorders were determined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Bivariate analyses followed by multivariate regression models were conducted to identify significant variables for repeat incarceration and violent offending.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of Axis I disorders was 81.4%, with substance use disorders (SUD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) being the most common diagnoses (51.4 and 31.4%, respectively). The current prevalence of Axis I disorders was 59.0%, including learning disorders (38.6%), ADHD (16.4%), and SUD (5.71%) among the most frequent syndromes. Thirty-six (26.5%) participants met criteria for a current Axis II disorder, which commonly was an antisocial personality disorder (12.5%). The majority of the sample (60.8%) suffered from two or more comorbid disorders during their lifetime, although the current prevalence fell to 23.3%. Childhood ADHD increased the number of imprisonments, while inmates convicted of a violent crime were more likely to present a learning disorder. Having a lifetime diagnosis of SUD or multiple psychiatric disorders appeared to be associated with both repeat incarceration and violent offending.ConclusionGiven the high rate of mental disorders still present among subjects completing prison sentences and the challenges they may encounter to benefit from vocational programs, our results suggest that appropriate psychiatric care should be provided during imprisonment and after release to facilitate their community reintegration.
Survivors’ perceptions regarding the follow-up of pain complaints after breast cancer treatment: Distinct coping patterns
Authors: Slaghmuylder Yaël , Lauwerier Emelien , Pype Peter 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAfter finishing cancer treatment, breast cancer survivors often experience both physical and psychosocial symptoms such as pain. In some, pain can persist for months or even years. Pain is a complex experience. Its occurrence and maintenance are explained through interactions between multiple factors, which are biological/physiological, psychological, and social in nature. Unaddressed needs related to this problem - such as insufficient pain relief, limited validation of the problem, and minimal physical and psychological support - may cause severe disability and negatively impact well-being and quality of life. This study investigated how breast cancer survivors perceive their (chronic) pain complaints to be addressed during follow-up care. Furthermore, we explored how they coped with the way their trajectories happened to unfold.MethodsWe conducted four focus groups with a total of thirty-one breast cancer survivors. Each focus group consisted of an asynchronous part with an online discussion platform and a synchronous part through video calls. Data analysis was guided by the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven.ResultsNarratives revealed the unmet needs of survivors and showed variability in the lived experiences of having to deal with pain. Some survivors tend to ignore the pain, while others look for solutions to reduce pain. A third coping pattern is accepting pain and its impact. Furthermore, how survivors cope with pain is influenced by intrapersonal, interpersonal, and societal processes. For example, pain-related beliefs and prejudices among healthcare providers, family, friends, colleagues, other cancer survivors, and society could possibly steer a survivor towards a certain way of coping. In these processes, the role of healthcare providers seems pivotal. For instance, when survivors do not feel heard or taken seriously by healthcare providers, their acceptance of pain can be impeded.DiscussionTo conclude, a person’s way of coping with pain and the associated needs is dynamic and influenced by factors at multiple levels such as the intrapersonal, interpersonal and societal level. To sufficiently address the problem of pain among cancer survivors, we therefore also need actions that tackle the health care system and its stakeholders, as well as the public debate concerning cancer follow-up care.
Intention to consume news via personal social media network and political trust among young people: The evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Zhang Youliang , Tian Zhen , Zhou Ziwei , Huang Jing , Zhu Alex Yue Feng 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAssessing the effect of different media sources on political trust provides an overall picture of the role of the current media landscape in influencing the legitimacy of political institutions.MethodsA cross-lagged model was developed and tested by applying it to a three-wave dataset obtained by surveying young people in Hong Kong in order to evaluate the unique impact of intention to consume newsviapersonal social media network on political trust.ResultsAfter controlling for the impact of other news channels and respondents’ prior political interest, we found their political trust was most significantly affected by information intentionally obtained from friends and family through their personal social media network.DiscussionMedia exhibits a relatively weak effect on political trust, which is primarily influenced by selection, indicating that policymakers do not have to be concerned with online exchange of information that is critical of the government. Moreover, this evidence from Hong Kong suggests that, when it comes to developing political trust throughout the society, conflicts resulting from opposing views are better than ignorance.
Mindfulness and compassion training for health professionals: A qualitative study
Authors: Brun Clémence , Akinyemi Alexis , Houtin Laurène , Mizzi Claire , Cardoso Thierry , Isnard Bagnis Corinne 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundCompassion is a key component of quality care. Encouraging Health Care Professionals (HCPs) to develop a patient-centered care relationship through mindfulness and compassion training may be beneficial for both patients and HCPs.MethodWe assessed the impact of a compassion-centered mindfulness program [i.e., the Mindfulness Based (MB) CARE program] on healthcare practice conducting 10 phone interviews with HCPs who experienced the program.ResultsThe training had an overall positive impact on the HCPs ability to feel compassion toward their patients and themselves, helped them develop kindness toward themselves and their patients, and enhanced their attention to their patient’s needs and theirs. Participants were better able to accept the difficult work experiences or those their patients experienced, with more perceived equanimity and less reactivity.ConclusionProfessional mindfulness and compassion training programs could be operational levers for institutions aiming at fostering more compassionate HCPs–patients relationships.
Performance evaluation of automated white matter hyperintensity segmentation algorithms in a multicenter cohort on cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Gaubert Malo , Dell’Orco Andrea , Lange Catharina , Garnier-Crussard Antoine , Zimmermann Isabella , Dyrba Martin , Duering Marco , Ziegler Gabriel , Peters Oliver , Preis Lukas , Priller Josef , Spruth Eike Jakob , Schneider Anja , Fliessbach Klaus , Wiltfang Jens , Schott Björn H. , Maier Franziska , Glanz Wenzel , Buerger Katharina , Janowitz Daniel , Perneczky Robert , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Teipel Stefan , Kilimann Ingo , Laske Christoph , Munk Matthias H. , Spottke Annika , Roy Nina , Dobisch Laura , Ewers Michael , Dechent Peter , Haynes John Dylan , Scheffler Klaus , Düzel Emrah , Jessen Frank , Wirth Miranka ,   for the DELCODE study group
Published: January 2023

BackgroundWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH), a biomarker of small vessel disease, are often found in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their advanced detection and quantification can be beneficial for research and clinical applications. To investigate WMH in large-scale multicenter studies on cognitive impairment and AD, appropriate automated WMH segmentation algorithms are required. This study aimed to compare the performance of segmentation tools and provide information on their application in multicenter research.MethodsWe used a pseudo-randomly selected dataset (n = 50) from the DZNE-multicenter observational Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) that included 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images from participants across the cognitive continuum. Performances of top-rated algorithms for automated WMH segmentation [Brain Intensity Abnormality Classification Algorithm (BIANCA), lesion segmentation toolbox (LST), lesion growth algorithm (LGA), LST lesion prediction algorithm (LPA), pgs, and sysu_media] were compared to manual reference segmentation (RS).ResultsAcross tools, segmentation performance was moderate for global WMH volume and number of detected lesions. After retraining on a DELCODE subset, the deep learning algorithm sysu_media showed the highest performances with an average Dice’s coefficient of 0.702 (±0.109 SD) for volume and a mean F1-score of 0.642 (±0.109 SD) for the number of lesions. The intra-class correlation was excellent for all algorithms (&gt;0.9) but BIANCA (0.835). Performance improved with high WMH burden and varied across brain regions.ConclusionTo conclude, the deep learning algorithm, when retrained, performed well in the multicenter context. Nevertheless, the performance was close to traditional methods. We provide methodological recommendations for future studies using automated WMH segmentation to quantify and assess WMH along the continuum of cognitive impairment and AD dementia.
Medical outcomes study social support survey (MOS-SSS) in patients with chronic disease: A psychometric assessment
Authors: Merino-Soto Cesar , Núñez Benítez Miguel Ángel , Domínguez-Guedea Miriam Teresa , Toledano-Toledano Filiberto , Moral de la Rubia José , Astudillo-García Claudia I. , Rivera-Rivera Leonor , Leyva-López Ahidée , Angulo-Ramos Marisol , Flores Laguna Omar Arodi , Hernández-Salinas Gregorio , Rodríguez Castro Jorge Homero , González Peña Omar Israel , Garduño Espinosa Juan 
Published: January 2023

PurposeCurrently, information on the psychometric properties of the Medical outcomes study-social support survey (MOS-SSS) for patients with chronic disease in primary health care, suggests problems in the dimensionality, specifically predominant unidimensionality in a multidimensional measure. The aim of this study was to determine the internal structure (dimensionality, measurement invariance and reliability) and association with other variables.MethodsA total of 470 patients with chronic disease from a Family Medicine Unit at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, with a mean age of 51.51 years were included. Participants responded to the Questionnaire of Sociodemographic Variables (Q-SV), SF-36 Health-Related Quality of Life Scale–version 1.1, and MOS-SSS.ResultsNon-parametric (Mokken scaling analysis) and parametric (confirmatory factor analysis) analyses indicated unidimensionality, and three-factor model was not representative. A new 8-item version (MOS-S) was developed, where measurement invariance, equivalence with the long version, reliability, and relationship with the SF-36 were satisfactory.ConclusionThe MOS-SSS scale is unidimensional, and the shortened version yields valid and reliable scores for measuring social support in patients with chronic disease at the primary health care.
Loneliness in sports active and non-active school-age children: Can sport protect children against loneliness?
Authors: Tubić Tatjana , Modrić Toni , Sekulić Damir , Bianco Antonino , Radjo Izet , Drid Patrik 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThis study aims to examine can sport protect children against loneliness and, if yes, whether this relationship depends on gender and/or sports-related variables.MethodsThe sample includes 762 10-year-old children (414 boys). The total score of The Children's Loneliness Scale is a dependent variable in the study, while sports participation (sports active—individual or team sports, or non-active) and level/duration of sports participation are independent variables.ResultsObtained results indicate that the degree of loneliness differs depending on gender and whether the children are in sports activities or not. Unlike the level of sports participation, the duration of sports participation is relevant to the loneliness degree in both boys and girls.DiscussionThis research results could represent the right direction for educators and/or parents in their endeavor to preserve and develop school-age children's mental health.
Inflammation mediated the effect of dietary fiber on depressive symptoms
Authors: Zhang Ting , Cui Xiao-mei , Zhang Yu-ying , Xie Tao , Deng Yuan-jia , Guo Fang-xi , Wang Qi , Wu Qing-feng , Dong Ming-hua , Luo Xiao-ting 
Published: January 2023

Background and aimsPrevious studies showed that inflammation affects depressive symptoms. Dietary fiber may be associated with inflammation and depressive symptoms. We aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammation and depressive symptoms at different levels of dietary fiber intake and to explore whether dietary fiber affects depression through inflammation.MethodsA total of 8,430 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) samples were collected between 2015 and 2018. Factor analysis was used to determine dietary patterns. Linear regression and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between nutrients, inflammation, and depressive symptoms, and the mediation analysis was conducted using the bootstrap method.ResultsFactor 3 (dietary fiber and vitamins) was inversely associated with depressive symptoms and inflammation. The upper quartile scores of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were associated with depressive symptoms compared with controls (DII: OR = 1.851, 95% CI: 1.267–2.705; CRP: OR = 1.737, 95% CI: 1.136–2.656). The DII score and CRP were associated with depressive symptoms in the group with low dietary fiber intake (DII: OR = 2.736, 95% CI: 1.628–4.598; CRP: OR = 2.092, 95% CI: 1.196–3.658) but not in the high dietary fiber intake group. Mediating analysis showed that CRP partially mediated the effect of dietary fiber intake on depressive symptoms (βindirect = −0.0025, 95% CI: −0.0038 to −0.0013), and the mediated proportion was 10.5%.ConclusionIn this study, we found that DII scores and CRP were not associated with depressive symptoms in participants with high dietary fiber intake, and inflammation partially mediates the effect of dietary fiber on depressive symptoms.
Identifying risk factors of developing type 2 diabetes from an adult population with initial prediabetes using a Bayesian network
Authors: Fuster-Parra Pilar , Yañez Aina M. , López-González Arturo , Aguiló A. , Bennasar-Veny Miquel 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundIt is known that people with prediabetes increase their risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), which constitutes a global public health concern, and it is associated with other diseases such as cardiovascular disease.MethodsThis study aimed to determine those factors with high influence in the development of T2D once prediabetes has been diagnosed, through a Bayesian network (BN), which can help to prevent T2D. Furthermore, the set of features with the strongest influences on T2D can be determined through the Markov blanket. A BN model for T2D was built from a dataset composed of 12 relevant features of the T2D domain, determining the dependencies and conditional independencies from empirical data in a multivariate context. The structure and parameters were learned with the bnlearn package in R language introducing prior knowledge. The Markov blanket was considered to find those features (variables) which increase the risk of T2D.ResultsThe BN model established the different relationships among features (variables). Through inference, a high estimated probability value of T2D was obtained when the body mass index (BMI) was instantiated to obesity value, the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to more than 6 value, the fatty liver index (FLI) to more than 60 value, physical activity (PA) to no state, and age to 48–62 state. The features increasing T2D in specific states (warning factors) were ranked.ConclusionThe feasibility of BNs in epidemiological studies is shown, in particular, when data from T2D risk factors are considered. BNs allow us to order the features which influence the most the development of T2D. The proposed BN model might be used as a general tool for prevention, that is, to improve the prognosis.
Health behaviors and subsequent mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal analysis of adults in the UK
Authors: Russell Jonsson Kenisha , Taylor-Robinson David C. , Schultz Straatmann Viviane , Melis Gabriella , Adjei Nicholas Kofi 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionPublic health mitigation policies aimed at slowing the spread of COVID-19 led to an increase in mental health problems (MHPs). This study examines the association between multiple pre-pandemic health behaviors and MHPs prior to, and during, the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe analyzed a representative population sample of 11,256 adults (aged 20–65 years) from Understanding Society—The UK Household Longitudinal Study. Baseline data from participants interviewed in 2017/2019 (wave 9) were linked to web surveys conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify mutually exclusive health behavior (physical activity, alcohol consumption, eating habits and smoking tobacco) clusters by gender, and examined the sociodemographic correlates of each cluster. We assessed how pre-pandemic latent classes of health behaviors were associated with changes in MHPs during the pandemic using fixed effects regression models.ResultsThree health behavior clusters were identified: positive (33%), moderate (24%), and high risk (43%), where similar behaviors clustered within individuals and sociodemographic circumstances. In particular, gender, age, migrant status and ethnicity were found to have strong associations with each cluster. Our results also demonstrated a clear association in MHPs with health behaviors both prior to, and during the pandemic. There were significant increases in MHPs between 2017/2019 and January 2021, with fluctuations coinciding with changes in public health mitigation policies. Assessments across the three clusters showed about 25.2%, 16.9%, and 0.7% increases in MHPs in the positive, moderate and high risk health behavior clusters, respectively.DiscussionThis study shows that pre-pandemic health behaviors were significantly associated with mental health before and during the pandemic. Holistic policy interventions and promotions targeting multiple health behaviors may be an effective strategy to improve mental health in the pandemic recovery period.
The provision and utilization of essential health services in Afghanistan during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Neyazi Narges , Lindan Christina , Perdes Saber , Ibrahimi Abdul Ghani , Horemans Dirk , Al Afsoor Deena 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted provision of essential health services and overwhelmed even robust health systems worldwide. The Afghanistan health system has suffered both from the pandemic, as well as from political upheaval and regime change.MethodsWe evaluated essential service delivery using data collected from a cross-sectional survey of health care facilities in Afghanistan based on administration of a World Health Organization standardized assessment of frontline service readiness. A multi-stage sampling scheme was used to identify a representative sample of 92 health facilities (68 clinics and 24 hospitals) providing essential health services in five provinces. Facility managers were asked to report on changes in health service delivery in late 2021 and early 2022 (corresponding to the end of a significant national COVID-19 surge in infections) compared to the same period one year earlier.ResultsAmong health facilities evaluated; 29 were in urban and 63 were in rural settings. Most facilities reported an increase in the provision of outpatient care particularly in maternal and child health services as well as for tuberculosis, chronic respiratory diseases, mental health, and substance abuse; the number of in-patients also increased. In contrast, provision of services for malaria, neglected tropical diseases, and community outreach programs decreased. Nearly all facilities used strategies to maintain services, including targeting high-risk patients, promoting self-care, and redirecting patients to alternative health care sites. Nearly three fourth (70.6%) of facilities provided no training about COVID-19 to staff; only 65.2% referred COVID-19 patients to designated hospitals and 44.6% had safe transportation for these patients.DiscussionIncreased demand for services during this period was likely due to a backlog in need generated during the preceding COVID-19 surge and the political changes happened a few months earlier to this survey. Facilities used various methods to maintain services, although the decrease in provision of community outreach was concerning. Facilities appeared to be able to maintain essential health services, despite an increase in demand. However, awareness and training of COVID-19 protocols and appropriate and safe referrals need to be improved. In general, these series of surveys are informative and helpful to identify any changes in provision of essential health services and can facilitate recovery of health systems during and after pandemics.