bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Generation Without Political Gender Biases?
Authors: Bjarnegård Elin , Erikson Josefina , Zetterberg Pär 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the Sweden experiment, gender does not appear to be a relevant component of leadership templates, for either male or female participants. The only evidence of more favorable evaluations of men is with participants who did not state a preferred party, and then only for evaluations to be party leader or to win preference votes. Regarding policy areas, while men and women candidates are both evaluated as capable to handle masculine policies, women are evaluated more favorably than men for some stereotypically feminine policies. Party ideology, however, is important in how candidates are evaluated, and party effects are stronger than gender effects. These findings fit expectations as Swedish young people grew up in what is arguably one of the most gender equal political spheres in the world, and in a country with a long-time emphasis on social welfare programs.
Mental Disorder
Authors: May Joshua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDoes having a mental disorder excuse bad behavior? On a standard naïve view, the mentally ill are often regarded as clear examples of individuals lacking full-fledged freedom and responsibility. However, our evolving understanding of the brain and human agency reveals that there is more agency in mental disorders than it might seem at first blush. Psychopathology affects agency in such a variety of ways that it’s difficult to draw an inference about one’s moral responsibility merely from the fact that one has a mental disorder. Symptoms only sometimes reduce one’s agency and sometimes enhance it. This nuanced view paves the way for a cognitive continuum on which all people lie, which can help to reduce the stigma we commonly attach to mental disorders.
Moral Enhancement
Authors: May Joshua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractShould we alter our brains to become better people? This chapter evaluates five key ethical concerns with going beyond treatment to enhancing ourselves. Such endeavors could, for example, bypass one’s agency, promote a problematic desire to master oneself, or lead to the rich getting morally richer. Although such concerns are to be taken seriously, they are typically overblown. Brain interventions will work best and most ethically when they merely aid more traditional forms of character building, such as moral instruction and exemplars. These work through our rational learning mechanisms rather than bypassing them in some posthuman fashion. The result is a realistic conception of moral enhancements as no more problematic than traditional modes of moral improvement. To make our discussion concrete, we begin by considering the neurobiological manipulation of intelligence and compassion.
Song
Authors: Link Nathan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 explores the incongruity that sets opera seria apart from most other forms of mimetic storytelling: the discrepancy between the mode of expression in representation (song) and the mode of expression within the story (usually speech, thought, or nonmusical emoting). This discontinuity between the actor’s and character’s respective modes of expression is the exception in film and spoken drama but the rule in opera, in which the only mimetic equivalence can only occur when a character actually sings. Instances in which characters do sing (“phenomenal” singing) are usually of great importance to the story. To appreciate the significance of phenomenal song in Handel, we must first learn to distinguish it from “noumenal” singing (song that the audience hears, but which is not perceived as such by any in-story characters). This chapter offers approaches for identifying the rare instances of phenomenal song and explores its profound significance for the story.
Orchestra
Authors: Link Nathan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The clearest example of non-mimetic operatic expression is the music of the pit orchestra. While the singers onstage ostensibly represent the characters within the story, the orchestra usually has no clear in-story referent; its representational mode seems closer to mimesis than to diegesis—closer to telling than to showing. But what do Handel’s orchestral utterances mean? Clearly they convey beauty, or excitement, or dread, depending on the situation, but how and what do they contribute to the storytelling process? Sometimes the orchestra seems to play a role analogous to the commenting chorus of Greek drama. In other passages, it seems unconcerned with any character, instead depicting the scenic backdrop in vivid musical detail. In still others, it suggests a capacity to mime in sound certain events—from physical gestures to Cartesian passions—that, while fictively “real” in the story, are not perceptible in-story as sound, a process I term “sonification.”
How Whiteness Structures Restrictive Immigration Attitudes
Authors: Matos Yalidy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 uses the American National Election Studies (ANES) to focus on whites’ restrictive immigration attitudes. Most white Americans express restrictive immigration attitudes. The chapter first shows how these attitudes are related to the maintenance of the group, i.e., whiteness. It then tests the relationship between white identity, white group consciousness, and predispositions on immigration attitudes. An examination of both white identity and white group consciousness reveals that the former very seldomly influences restrictive immigration attitudes, while the latter sporadically does so. Once predispositions are considered, however, they are shown to be stronger predictors of restrictive immigration attitudes. The chapter finds that white identity and whiteness do moderate when predispositions are most important and that moral traditionalism is one of the most consistent and strongest predictors of restrictive immigration attitudes.
The Role of the Internet in Research on BDSM
Authors: Wignall Liam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The internet has had a transformational impact on social and sexual aspects of life. However, research in BDSM studies has not fully engaged with this social trend. In this short critical review of the existing literature, how BDSM studies has engaged with this trend is discussed, alongside the limitations of this research. A summary of the literature on the internet and sexuality more broadly is provided, before turning to how BDSM studies has focused primarily on FetLife as a way of reaching community participants. The chapter concludes by highlighting four distinct areas that future BDSM studies should develop and expand to enhance the understanding of the effect of the internet on BDSM broadly conceived and advance the field of critical BDSM studies.
The World of Rope Bondage
Authors: Jones Zoey 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rope bondage is a social world positioned underneath the broader umbrella of pansexual BDSM subculture. When rope bondage is depicted and explored in research and media, it is often represented as just one among many expressions of kink and sexuality. This chapter utilizes interviews with rope bondage practitioners to illustrate how people’s experiences of rope can often exceed this simplistic framing and be an intensely social and personal experience; it can also be an activity around which kinksters build focused, distinct communities and subcultures across the globe. Next, this chapter demonstrates how racialized and disabled rope bondage practitioners’ experiences ideologically and literally shape the nature of the subculture; their accounts of oppression, alienation, and resistance provide a narrative that is critical to understanding these spaces. Last, this chapter will highlight stories of pleasure to help explain the drive behind people’s engagement with and commitment to rope bondage community.
Perverting Innocence in Age Play?
Authors: Bauer Robin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
BDSM practices and relationships playing with performed age differences are associated with cultural taboos like incest or pedophilia. In practice, age play can be sexual or asexual, playful and light or serious and boundary-transgressing, striving for authenticity or creative in its reference to real-life childhood. Based on one interview study with a les-bi-trans-queer BDSM community sample and one content analysis of a German online age play community forum, this chapter takes a look at differences in these two community contexts. Informed by childhood studies, it asks what effects age play practices have on constructions of children in cultural contexts that consider particular notions of adulthood as a norm that devalues other modes of existence such as being or acting like children, so-called adultist societies. The analysis focuses on how childhood innocence is constructed and deconstructed during age play practices.
Examining Representations of BDSM in Undergraduate Human Sexuality Textbooks
Authors: Graham Benjamin C. , Kirakosyan Tsolak M. , Fox Jessica A. , Ruvabalca Miles 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Human sexuality textbooks reflect how the social sciences understand and frame the experience of BDSM, which in turn can influence how undergraduates interpret it. Sex researchers and advocates have championed participatory approaches to representing marginalized sexual identities. A need exists to assess BDSM representation in textbooks informed by both academic and community perspectives. The current study is the second in a three-part project that addresses this need. A content analysis was conducted of five top-selling undergraduate human sexuality textbooks to determine the structure of BDSM representation. Inductive and deductive coding results indicate that there exist distinct differences between representations of BDSM and community member experiences. From these analyses nine recommendations are proposed for improving BDSM descriptions. This chapter provides a resource for textbook authors, sex educators, and others concerned about the representation of marginalized sexual identities.
A Record of Violence
Authors: Bennett Theodore 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
“A Record of Violence” engages with the continuing criminalization of BDSM activities that cause minor injuries within the Western common law jurisdictions of Australia, Canada, England and Wales, and the United States of America. It highlights the impact of criminalization on BDSM participants and communities, identifies the barriers preventing decriminalization from occurring, and explores the liberalizing potential of claims based on BDSM identity. It notes that the major barrier holding back legal change is the interlinking of BDSM and violence within legal discourse, and it shows how this barrier can be overcome by using the broader academic literature on “violence” to better understand how BDSM and violence dis/connect. This chapter concludes that (1) BDSM activities not involving physical force/injury fail to satisfy any legally relevant definition of violence and (2) BDSM activities involving physical force/injury may constitute descriptive violence, but they do not constitute legally disqualifying normative violence.
The Politics of BDSM Play
Authors: Norman Amber R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
“The Politics of BDSM: Racial Dynamics and Critical Consent” examines how historically marginalized groups with limited social power (e.g., racial and sexual minorities) communicate their needs and boundaries within the power-laden practice of BDSM. In this study, 13 Black BDSM practitioners were interviewed to examine how racial identity plays a role in BDSM practice. Racial identity is a non-negotiable marker that has created a structural dynamic in power relationships since the time of chattel slavery in the Americas, and racial dynamics continue to influence status and personal agency in the modern era. It is argued that the disavowal of systemic objectification and racial domination impedes consent and agency in BDSM settings. The findings of this study include the narratives of Black practitioners who provide insight into how role enactment, fetishism, and negotiation must be approached from a culturally responsive lens to enhance safety in BDSM.
Survivors of Sexual Victimization and the Negotiation of BDSM Play
Authors: Holt Karen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the meanings and experiences of sexual victimization among five individuals who identify as BDSM participants in a kink community in the Midwest region of the United States. The author explores how a history of sexual victimization affects BDSM play and the ways in which these individuals understand, define, and experience BDSM. Those who report abuse histories have unique BDSM experiences and construct their practices differently, relying more on therapeutic narratives. The author draws from the literature on sexual victimization, constructions of consent, and BDSM as therapy and trauma play to describe how forms of erotic practice are used by the participants to make sense of their past victimization and their present BDSM activities. Implications of the research for practice and treatment as well as future avenues for exploration are discussed.
Engaging Politics, Culture, and Religious Difference
Authors: Markofski Wes 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 shifts attention to how multicultural evangelicals navigate political, cultural, and religious difference and disagreement in organizational practices and public life. It introduces post-secular “particularist pluralism” as one preferred mode of public religion among multicultural evangelicals. The chapter describes Christians for the Common Good’s (CCG) advocacy and lobbying efforts in the Oregon legislature, drawing on participant observation, interviews, organizational records and other documents to investigate CCG’s health care, anti-poverty, and environmental legislation and education efforts. The case highlights key issues involving evangelical and mainline Protestant relations, partnership with religious and secular others, issue selection and voting prioritization in evangelical circles, navigating political partisanship and divisive culture war issues, and various organizational funding and mobilization challenges that face progressive-leaning evangelical advocacy organizations. A final section examines multicultural evangelical approaches to gender and sexuality from the perspective of women holding leadership positions in Portland- and Atlanta-area faith-based organizations.
Reflexive Evangelicalism
Authors: Markofski Wes 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The first section of this chapter explores multicultural evangelical approaches to multifaith collaboration and evangelism, a defining feature of evangelical religious identity. Multicultural evangelical research participants practiced social reflexivity by critically examining and adjusting evangelistic expression while interacting across different types of organizational and public settings. Subsequent sections investigate reflexive evangelical approaches to, (1) politics and culture war, (2) poverty and economic inequality, and (3) racial difference and inequality. A final section explores the biblical and experiential meanings and motivations of strategic relocation given its significance as an intensive case of multicultural evangelical approaches to racial justice and integration. In light of recent events, the chapter pays particular attention to whether and how the perspectives of white evangelical interview respondents grew or changed through strategic relocation or their involvement in faith-based public service, political advocacy, community development, and community organizing groups across the United States.
Ethical Democracy and Four Modes of Social Reflexivity
Authors: Markofski Wes 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter defines and gives examples of the four distinct modes of social reflexivity I observed in my research: segmented reflexivity, transposable reflexivity, deep reflexivity, and frozen reflexivity. Individuals and groups practice segmented reflexivity when they think and interact flexibly and self-critically with respect to one type of social difference but not others. They practice transposable reflexivity when they think and interact flexibly and self-critically across multiple domains. Individuals and groups practice frozen reflexivity when they think and interact self-critically, but partially and inflexibly, with respect to identities, groups, and settings in which they are involved. Deep reflexivity, by contrast, is reliably recursive and fallibilist, involving iterative capacity for flexible and self-critical thought and action whilst recognizing the inescapably partial and fallible nature of human understanding and action across difference. Though emerging from research on multicultural evangelicals, these concepts offer a potentially generalizable framework applicable to other groups and settings.
Conclusion
Authors: Markofski Wes 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the post-2020 era, it is clear that evangelicalism and democracy in America alike are in need of deep transformation and renewal. In the concluding chapter, I summarize the book’s main findings and arguments concerning reflexive and multicultural evangelicalism, the relationship between multicultural and other varieties of evangelicalism, the importance of deep and transposable social reflexivity across difference for ethical democracy, and make my closing arguments for a postsecular pragmatist approach to pluralism and ethical democracy in the United States, one with potential to help us better navigate the persistent existence of deep difference and disagreement in our pursuit of ethical democracy and common goods in American public and political life.
A Revolution That Did Not Happen
Authors: Pravilova Ekaterina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the Bolsheviks’ failed attempt to create a new socialist currency. War communism, a bewildering experiment in the eradication of money, resulted in its de-governmentalization. The state lost its monopoly on the production of money, but money hardly went away. The Russian economy, devastated by war, switched to barter, and dozens of new monetary signs circulated across the country that was falling apart into semi-independent regions and territories. The New Economic Policy (NEP) was the Bolshevik government’s attempt to regain control over the currency and to reconstruct the pre-1914 monetary order. The reform of 1921–24 bore many traces of Witte’s gold standard, for example, the centrality of the state and the obsession with the size of the gold reserve.
Epilogue
Authors: Pravilova Ekaterina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
After the end of the New Economic Policy, the Soviet ruble remained inconvertible. With the creation of the planned command economy, money lost its economic meaning as a measure of value. However, its political role became even more significant. The government used the ruble as a means of political control and class struggle. The monetary reforms of 1947 and 1961 repeated the patterns of imperial reforms because they pursued the interests of the state and confiscated the private wealth of Soviet citizens. In the late 1980s, the Soviet government tried to fix its monetary system without changing the principles of political organization and economic governance. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the ruble turned into the currency of sovereign Russia, but even in the reforms of the 1990s, one could see the legacy of the imperial and Soviet past. The ruble remained the tool of state governance and political control.
Transitions to Empire in Early China and Rome
Authors: Robinson Rebecca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
“Transitions to Empire in Early China and Rome” compares and contrasts the histories of early China and Rome up to the time of Emperor Wu and Augustus, respectively, paying particular attention to how each state developed into what we now recognize as an empire. In particular, it examines the challenges faced by each ruler to consolidate their authority. In the Han, although one-man rule had long been the norm, central authority over the commanderies and kingdoms was often tenuous. In Rome, Augustus was faced with the opposite challenge. Roman authority was generally not contested in the provinces, but the rule of one man was strongly opposed.
State Cult in Early China and Rome
Authors: Robinson Rebecca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
“State Cult in Early China and Rome” builds on the groundwork laid in Chapter 2, and turns to compare the histories of state-sponsored religion in early China and Rome as well as the religious institutions that existed in each place. This chapter shows that although we cannot make direct comparisons between the types of religious institutions and practices that existed in early China and Rome, in both societies, religious activity was closely integrated into government systems. Chapter 3 shows that a more fruitful comparison can be made by examining the place of these religious institutions within their respective states as well as by comparing the transformations that took place during the reigns of Emperor Wu and Augustus.
Redefining Ceremony
Authors: Robinson Rebecca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
“Redefining Ceremony” analyzes some of the most important sacrifices and ceremonies performed or sponsored by Augustus and Emperor Wu. In the Han, many of the sacrifices and ceremonies performed by the emperor were relatively new, while in Rome, Augustus claimed to revive sacrifices that had long been neglected. In both cases, the rulers shaped, or reshaped, these sacrifices to demonstrate their unprecedented authority and to celebrate their glorious reigns. The chapter closes with a case study of two ceremonies: the feng 封 and shan 禪 sacrifices performed by Emperor Wu and the ludi saeculares celebrated by Augustus. In these performances, couched in the language of tradition, the two rulers ushered in new golden ages.
Conclusion
Authors: Robinson Rebecca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Conclusion revisits some of the main themes of the book and highlights the advantages and new perspectives offered by a comparative approach. Following this, it turns to look at the legacies of the religious reforms. While the sacrificial system established by Emperor Wu was dismantled in the generations following his reign, the position of the emperor as the central authority in religious and other matters was well established. In contrast, the precedent set by Augustus, that the princeps would be a member of each of the priestly colleges and have ultimate authority over religious decisions, remained in place long after his reign.
The Use of Real or Imagined Inscriptions in Late Antique Literature
Authors: Sitz Anna M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 gathers the literary evidence for the late antique reading and appropriation of ancient inscriptions, complementing earlier research on the use of inscriptions in Greek and Roman literature. Some authors, such as Agathias of Myrina and Kosmas Indikopleustes, copied down real, centuries-old inscriptions with remarkable attention to detail; others, such as the anonymous authors of hagiographies or theosophical texts, invented inscriptions to make a point. One of our key examples in this chapter, the Life of Abercius, drew on at least one real ancient inscription: the famous grave stone of Abercius himself. The precise way it was used in this hagiography, however, requires a re-evaluation of the materiality of the stone and its local context. These textual sources not only indicate that older epigraphic material was of interest to late antique writers, they also show the variety of lenses through which inscriptions were interpreted. While some authors were interested in what inscriptions communicated about the past, others were preoccupied with the future, as epigraphic material took on a new, prophetic role for both pagans and Christians.