bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of taxon-like schizotypal clusters of non-clinical individuals on polygenic scores for schizophrenia and related phenotypes
Authors: Alfimova M. , Kondratyev N. , Plakunova V. , Lezheiko T. , Golimbet V. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSchizotypy is conceptualized to be on the continuum of the risk for psychosis. However, previous studies that used the dimensional approach to schizotypy failed to confirm the expected relations between schizotypal traits and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia. A taxonic approach is an alternative way of looking at schizotypy, but to the best of our knowledge it has not been used to explore the genetic architecture of this construct.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to fill this gap by comparing groups with different profiles of schizotypal traits on PRS for schizophrenia and related phenotypes.MethodsTo find clusters with different combinations of schizotypal traits, we conducted data mining of an ethnically homogeneous cohort of 1377 healthy individuals completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Four clusters emerged, termed low, positive, negative, and high mixed schizotypy. Approximately equal groups from each cluster were selected for genotyping. After quality control, PRS for schizophrenia, depression, neuroticism, and educational attainment were calculated for 320 individuals (mean age = 31.74, SD 12.25 years, 59% women) based on the summary statistics of the largest genome-wide association studies of the respective traits. The groups from different clusters were then compared on PRS.ResultsThe schizotypy groups were similar in age and sex composition but differed in educational attainment and neuroticism (as measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory), with the high mixed schizotypes having the lowest education and highest neuroticism scores among the schizotypy groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in any PRS. However, the high mixed schizotypy group showed the largest PRS for schizophrenia, neuroticism, and depression. At a nominally significant level, it differed from negative and positive schizotypes in schizophrenia PRS and from low schizotypy in neuroticism PRS. The positive and negative schizotypal groups had non-significantly lower schizophrenia PRS than low schizotypy subjects.ConclusionsOur study showed no reliable difference between groups with different schizotypal profiles in PRS of schizophrenia and related phenotypes. At the same time, a number of trends were observed suggesting that only the high mixed schizotypy might be viewed as a condition with an elevated genetic risk of schizophrenia. This is in line with Meehl’s quasi-dimensional model of schizotypy and warrants further investigation in larger samples. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant 20-013-00230.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Role of Body Mass Index on Perceived Stress in Medical Students
Authors: Jbir R. , Masmoudi R. , Abdelkefi M. , Hentati S. , Feki I. , Sellami R. , Masmoudi J. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe study period to become a medical professional is notoriously stressful This label can be attributed to various factors like long tedious training, social expectations, long work hours, high liability, sleep deprivation, and a constant lack of time to relaxin this vulnerable area, physical appearance, either weight loss or obesity, can affect the mental health of these young people.ObjectivesTo determine the role of body mass index (BMI) on the levels of perceived stress in medical students.MethodsOur study was descriptive and analytical cross-sectional, carried out with medical students in the faculty of medicine of sfax (Tunisia) during October 2022.An anonymous survey was asked to the students.Data collection was done by a self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms administered in the students’ Facebook groups. The questionnaire was composed of a part for the collection of socio-demographic data and a psychometric scale:
-Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to determine the level of stressResultsA total of 95 responses was collected.The average age of our sample was 25.8±3.4 with female predominance (78,9%).The half of the population (53,7%) were residents in medicine.The majority of them (88,4%) had an average socio-economic level and singles (83,2%) .81,1% had a stressor related to studies in 50,5%,to family in 40 % and financial in 9,5%.Tobacco consumption were reported by 14,7 % .A psychiatric history was reported by 17.9% of the students, 76.5% of whom are anxiety disorders.27.4% tried to control their weight. Several methods of weight control were used, the most frequent (65.4%) was diet, none resorted to laxatives and 8.4% consulted a nutritionist.Almost half of the population (57,9%) slept between 5 and 7 hours.The average body mass index was 23.64 kg/m2 (SD=3.53).According to PSS scores, 21.1% of students had severe level of stress, 69.5% had moderate stress level while 9.5% had low level of stress.Those followed in psychiatry had a higher level of stress (p<10-3), especially those with anxiety disorder (p=0,02).The students pressed for weight control were more stressed than their peers.The levels of stress were higher among underweight students (BMI < 18.5) and overweight students (BMI >25) without significantly correlations.ConclusionsThe current study revealed that medical students, especially underweight or overweight students, are more susceptible to develop stress symptoms,that is why psychic support must be available on their university.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Innovations in treatment of psychosis in southeast europe
Authors: Jovanovic N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSoutheast Europe (SEE) is home to 70 million people living across 12 countries. These countries share similar socioeconomic background and tradition of healthcare systems, although many differences exist in the organisation of mental health care. The region has been called ‘the blind spot on the global mental health map’ due to lack of research and innovations in mental health care. In recent years European Commission has invested significant resources to improve mental health care of individuals with severe mental disorders in Southeast Europe. Two major, recently completed, projects are Recover-e and Impulse. This presentation will focus on findings from the Impulse study. We will start with an overview of evidence-based, non-pharmacological interventions for individuals with psychosis, with focus on what is offered and implemented in 12 SEE countries. Next, we will present key findings from the hybrid type II effectiveness-implementation psychosocial randomised-controlled trial. We will show an evidence-based approach how to improve psychosocial aspect of treatment of individuals with psychotic disorders. Mental health services that offer a combined-therapy approach, including psychosocial interventions and pharmacotherapy, can ensure holistic care, preferred by patients and their families. Discussion will include the role of implementation science tool in mental health care and sustainability of implemented interventions.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Neuroimaging in Internet gaming disorder comorbid with Attention-deficit disorder
Authors: Wildenberg B. , Pires R. , Pereira D. , Faria I. , Madeira N. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionInternet gaming disorder (IGD) refers to a pattern of persistent gambling behaviour or recurring gambling, on the Internet, with impaired control, increased priority, and continuation or escalation of gambling despite the occurrence of negative consequences. Currently, online gambling - more frequent among men - represents a very important, constantly growing economic activity. Since the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to conduct classes online, there has been an increase in the rate of IGD in children and youth (7-25 years old). Comorbidities, namely attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), have been associated with a higher prevalence of IGD. They share core traits, such as impulsiveness, seeking immediate reward, deficient motivation, and hostility, which may translate into neuroimaging similarities.ObjectivesNon-systematic review of the literature about neuroimaging of IGD comorbid with ADHD.MethodsA search was conducted on PubMed and other databases, using the MeSH terms “Internet Addiction Disorder”, “Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity” and {“MRI” OR “fMRI” OR “functional connectivity” OR “neuroimaging OR neural alteration OR neuronal alteration OR neural change"}.ResultsIGD and ADHD have shared and disorder specific patterns of structural and functional abnormalities, particularly in reward function. For instance, IGD has been associated with lower putamen grey matter volume (GMV), while ADHD patients have lower GMV in the orbitofrontal cortex. Disorder-specific fMRI activation has been observed in the precuneus in IGD; in ADHD, there is special activation in the fusiform gyrus. Finally, shared structural and functional alterations between IGD and ADHD seem to converge in the prefrontal-striatum circuit, especially the anterior cingulate cortex.ConclusionsADHD has been suggested as the most significant predictor of IGD in cross-sectional and prospective studies, however there is no study that clarifies their relationship. It is unclear whether IGD causes ADHD symptoms or whether a problem with gambling is a prodromal sign of the development of full ADHD. Studies revealing common neurobiological foundations between these disorders are pivotal to understand their basic mechanisms, while alerting to the necessity to screen for both pathologies when one is present. They may also point to an overlapping target (the reward circuit) for behavioural and pharmacological treatment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Heavy and Chronic Cannabis Use Impact on Human Emotions: BOLD-fMRI Study
Authors: Boujraf S. , Jaafari M. , Houate A. , Aalouane R. , Maaroufi M. , Rammouz I. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionLong term cannabis use has been expanding drastically over the last two decades and has become a major health issue worldwide. Recent studies demonstrate that brain complications in adults with cannabis use are associated with cognitive and emotional impairments, but little is known about the relationship between structural alterations and behavioral manifestations. Therefore, studying the relationship between alterations of emotional system, in parallel with structural degenerative phenomena is very critical.ObjectivesHence, the aim of this study is to demonstrate such alterations by making use of appropriate paradigms during BOLD-fMRI scans. Positive, negative and neutral emotions were examined, in relations with DTI and functional connectivity.Methods11 cannabis addicted patients volunteered for the study. Volunteers were fully healthy. However, any additional comorbidity was a strict criterion of exclusion, and a healthy general state was an indispensable criterion of inclusion. Additionally, it was excluded any patient that have any additional substance use such as tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, etc. And strict use of cannabis was a must.All patients underwent blood and urine assessments to ensure the selection criteria.All patients underwent BOLD-fMRI and anatomical MRI using both motor and emotional paradigm.The motor task consisted of rest alternating with finger tapping. The emotional task included 3 conditions. Positive, neutral and negative were each alternating with silent mental counting. The fMRI data was processed using SPM12 package. A sample of 12 age-matched controls was also included.ResultsThe present results are based on analysis of behavioral and BOLD-fMRI data of 11patients and similar age-matched controls. Analysis of behavioral data showed an alteration of emotional abilities in cannabis addicted patients compared to controls. Analysis of fMRI data revealed significant changes of activation within a large cortical network including prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex, and that emotional responses and BOLD signal were inversely correlated.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that the brain of cannabis addicted patients undergoes and emotional alterations that parallel silent structural degenerative phenomena. Although the causal mechanisms are still to be investigated, the fact that functional impairments can be detected in emotional, cognitive and motor domains calls for the development of preventive measures using neurobehavioral tools for this population of patient, and even in at risk users.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Neuropsychological diagnosis of impaired mental functions in alcoholic disease of the second stage
Authors: Baranskaya L. T. , Babushkina E. I. , Potapov V. I. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionIn the global practice and in Russia, alcohol abuse in the population remains one of the main risk factors for disability and premature death of the able-bodied populationObjectivesSystemic neuropsychological study of impaired mental functions caused by the toxic effects of alcohol.MethodsThe study was in the substance use unit. Patients over the age of 24 years, with a period of abstinence from alcohol of at least 7 days before the study. The experimental group included 24 patients diagnosed with “Chronic alcoholism” stage II, (including 23 men and 1 woman). The age of patients was 47.1±4.5. The research method was standardized neuropsychological technique by A.R. LuriaResultsIn the study group, a direct relationship was found between disorders in the mental functions (frontal lobe of the brain) and the age of patients suffering from alcohol dependence (r = 0.477; p<0.05). This indicates premature cognitive aging, which manifested in a decrease in the processes of processing new information and working memory. With age, such patients become emotionally labile, impulsive, with behavioral disorders, similar to what occurs in different types of dementia and is the result of damage to the prefrontal lobe of the brainConclusionsBecause of the study, moderate and / or pronounced impaired of mental functions revealed in most patients: impaired of dynamic praxis in all processes deployed in the time; impaired of voluntary regulation of behavior and regulatory aspects of memory, attention, thinking, speech; impaired of orientation in space and in performing operations with spatial characteristicsDisclosure of InterestNone Declared
New nerurological viewpoints of psychiatric sysndromes
Authors: Krupa M. , Tóth T. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionWe research new neurological viewpoints of psychiatric syndromes in social cohesion regarding, especially the problematic of lymbic system and amygdala in adults. Nowadays, the number of the problematic use of internet is higher than before the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of the digital techniques is impulsive, which can be the main reason of most neurological dysfunctions and the change of the social communication.ObjectivesIn this presentation, we review studies investigating the relationship among the new digital techniques, limbic system and development of psychiatric syndromes. We attempt to provide a summary of new theories and the areas currently being researched around the topic. Another aim of our research is to present the change of the social communication and emotion regulation, which are risk factors of problematic use of internet and behavioral addictive disorders. These appear in different ways in rehabilitation and social inclusion in Europe.MethodsIn order to learn about recent international results, we conducted a literature search in 4 databases ( PubMed , Medline , Web of Science, Google Scolar) using keywords (amygdala, psychiatric syndromes, adults, emotion regulation, problematic use of internet, social cohesion) over the past 5 years. From the obtained results, the English empirical journal articles were used to prepare the literature review.ResultsThe frequency of co-occurrence of amygdala dysfunction, problematic use of internet and behavioral addictive disorders are correlated. The studies examined the presence of symptoms of impulsivity and dopamine level of the brain primarily through cross-sectional studies. The social cohesion and inclusion regarding types are different in the regions of Europe.ConclusionsThe dysfunctions of lymbic system regulation cause maladaptive emotion regulation and are risk factors and make the person vulnerable to the development of psychiatric symptoms, problematic use of internet and behavioral addictive disorders. The differents of regions and areas in Europe with the new neurological viewpoints in psychiatric disorders can help with rehabilitation in the social cohesion regarding. These changes are particularly pronounced during adolescence, when the demand for self regulation across a variety of emotional and social situations may be the greatest.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Homosexual Obsessive–compulsive Disorder Comorbid with Bipolar Disorder: A Rare Case report
Authors: Gardabbou M. , Feki R. , Smaoui N. , Gassara I. , Omri S. , Maalej Bouali M. , Charfi N. , Ben Thabet J. , Zouari L. , Maalej M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionWhile bipolar disorder–obsessive compulsive disorder overlap is quite common, sexuality remains a largely unexplored area of this clinical entity.ObjectivesIllustrate through a clinical vignette the case of a patient with diagnosed homosexual obsessive –compulsive disorder (OCD) comorbid with bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsThe clinical case report was prepared through the review of the patient´s clinical record.ResultsWe report a rare case of a 22 year-old man who was diagnosed with Homosexual Obsessive–compulsive Disorder comorbid with Bipolar Disorder, admitted to our department for a suicide attempt. He came from a religious and conservative background and suffered from intrusive, unwanted mental images of homosexual behaviour since the age of 17. He presented periods of remission from his obsessive thoughts, while showing signs of elevated mood, talkativeness, restlessness, agitation and hyperactivity that would last for a few days, with recrudescence of obsessive and depressive symptoms again afterwards. The present case showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and in the impact of his obsessive intrusive thoughts after prescription of Risperidone and Sodium Valproate along with Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy conducted over a period of 6 weeks.ConclusionsThe homosexual OCD comorbid with bipolar disorder can cause important distress and impairment and severely impact a person’s life in multifaceted ways. Correct diagnosis, adequate medication and psychotherapy provide the effective treatment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Developing as an early-career clinician academic after a baby
Authors: Kilic O. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBalancing career and family is a hard job for everyone. Academic life with multiple and conflicting demands on our time necessitates prioritizing among responsibilities. This resonates especially for a woman academic who takes care of a baby. The speaker will address specific challenges of mothers who are in both academia and clinical practice, give reflections and elaborate on patterns and ways of dealing with this challenge. The talk is hoped to promote awareness and discussion on addressing the inner and outer sources and planning one’s own way on a career path.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Religiosity and Mental Health among Muslim Cancer Patients
Authors: Becarevic N. , Softic R. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionReligiosity and spirituality are resources, frequently used by patients as a strategy against chronic diseases. Islam is the fastest growing monotheistic religion whose belief is based on the unity of God and devotion to God’s will, gratitude, and satisfaction with God’s provision. Despite many researches have proven mostly positive correlation between religion and health, there is a lack of them directed to a single religion.ObjectivesTo provide an overview of the most recent researches that have examined the role of Islam religion in cancer treatment.MethodsPubMed database was screened using the keywords, “Islam, religion, cancer, treatment”.ResultsPatients expressed a lack of religiosity/spirituality support and it is connected to a significantly lower quality of life compared to those who adequately addressed their spiritual needs. The study which included 800 Muslim cancer patients showed that cancer patients (82.8%) prayed more than non-cancer individuals (72.5%). Many Muslim patients do not consider disease as a penance, but rather, as a redemption of sins, because they have trust and faith in God’s will. There are studies postulating the positive effects of fasting on cancer treatment.ConclusionsMuslim cancer patients are more religious and spiritual than the non-cancer Muslim population, and they are in need of spiritual support with the aim to reduce depression, anxiety, and stress. Health care professionals may encourage the patients to use their religious beliefs to cope with the challenges of therapy.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Effects of cumulative trauma from multiple natural disasters
Authors: Agyapong B. , Shalaby R. , Eboreime E. , Obuobi-Donkor G. , Owusu E. , Adu M. , Mao W. , Oluwasina F. , Agyapong V. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionFort McMurray, a city in northern Alberta, Canada, has experienced multiple traumatic events in the last five years, including the 2016 wildfire, the 2020 floods, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Traumatic events often lead to increased mental health burdens in affected communities.ObjectivesTo assess if the number of traumatic events experienced by residents of Fort McMurray correlates with the prevalence and severity of mental health issues experienced.MethodsA cross-sectional study using an online survey questionnaire was used to gather demographic, trauma (wildfire, flooding, and COVID-19), and clinical information from the resident of Fort McMurray between April 24 to June 2 2021. Likely Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and low resilience were measured using standardized rating scales. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 26 using Chi-Square tests and multivariate regression analysis.ResultsRespondents who experienced COVID-19 and either flood or wildfire traumas (N = 101) were eleven times more likely to have GAD symptoms (OR: 11.39; 95% CI: 1.43-91.04), four times more likely to have likely MDD, (OR: 3.85; 95% CI: .995-14.90), ten times more likely to have likely PTSD (OR: 10.47; 95% CI: 1.28-85.67), and low resilience (OR: 10.56; 95% CI: 1.21-92.17). Respondents who experienced COVID-19, flooding, and wildfire traumas (N = 47) were eighteen times more likely to express GAD symptoms (OR: 18.30; 95% CI: 2.20-152.45) and more than eleven times likely to have likely PTSD (OR: 11.41; 95% CI: 1.34-97.37) in comparison to the respondents who experienced COVID-19 only trauma (N = 19).ConclusionsMeasures to reduce climate change and associated natural disasters could reduce the impact of cumulative trauma and associated mental health burden in vulnerable populations. It is essential that more mental health resources are mobilized to support communities impacted by multiple natural disasters.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared