bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofloc technology and cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea) insect meal-based diet for Nile tilapia: zootechnical performance, proximate composition and bacterial profile
Authors: Tubin Jiovani Sergio Bee , Gutiérrez Sthephaniee Maya , Monroy-Dosta Maria del Carmen , Khanjani Mohammad Hossein , Emerenciano Maurício Gustavo Coelho 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Different inclusion levels of cockroach meal Nauphoeta cinerea (CM) were investigated in diets for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in biofloc systems in substitution of the soybean meal. Five treatments were evaluated (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of CM inclusion) using three experimental units per treatment. The experiment lasted for five weeks with units stocked with 10 juveniles (3.00±0.25 g) per replicate. Water quality, zootechnical performance, bacteriological profile, and proximate composition were analyzed and monitored. Zootechnical data was submitted to a regression analysis up to second order. No differences were verified regarding feed conversion, survival and productivity. The CM presented high protein levels (66.84%), high estimated gross energy (5270 kcal kg−1), low lipids (6.07%) and mainly long-chain saturated fatty acids. Different bacteriological profiles were identified including species which may be potentially pathogenic and responsible for degrading organic matter. The overall results indicated that it is possible to include CM up to 10% in diets for tilapia juveniles raised in biofloc systems.
Turnover in EU Monetary Policy in a Crisis
Authors: Lebedeva Larysa , Shkuropadska Diana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The role of monetary policy has become increasingly important in recent years, as a range of economic challenges have emerged, affecting both developing and economically advanced countries. The aim of this article is to examine the shift in the monetary policy of the EU, which has been expressed through changes in the tools used by the European Central Bank (ECB), and to consider the causes and economic implications of this shift. The descriptive analytical method was used to achieve this goal. The study identified that the aim of the ECB’s interest rate increases was primarily to slow down core inflation rates. The ECB has raised the refinancing rate from 0.5% to 2.5% in 2022 and halted asset purchase programs, such as the Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme, which had previously stimulated liquidity growth. Despite these changes, forward guidance has been maintained as a useful tool for providing clarity and certainty to financial markets and the public about the future path of monetary policy. It is concluded in the study that the impact of the shift towards contractionary monetary policy is likely to be felt across a range of economic sectors, with higher borrowing costs potentially leading to reduced investment and lower levels of economic growth.
تحليل واقع الدين العام في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة (2004-2020)
Authors: سلمان الوائلي احمد , كاظم العتابي سامر 
Published: May 2023

يركز البحث على تحليل تطور الدين العام في العراق للمدة ( 2004 – 2020 ) باعتبار الدين العام أحد مصادر تمويل عجز الموازنة العامة للدولة ، والذي ينعكس بدوره على هيكل النمو الاقتصادي في العراق ، وتتمحور مشكلة البحث ان العراق يعاني من ازمات اقتصادية تتمثل بزيادة النفقات العامة وانخفاض الايرادات العامة الامر الذي ادى الى حدوث عجز في الموازنة العامة إذ تم تغطيته من خلال الدين العام وينعكس ذلك بصورة سلبية على الاقتصاد المحلي . ومن اهم نتائج البحث زيادة العجز المالي في الموازنات العامة بسبب السياسات المالية التوسعية التي أدت إلى زيادة الدين العام الداخلي والخارجي ، حيث تجاوزت الزيادات في الإنفاق العام الزيادات في الإيرادات العامة لأن العراق غارق في أكثر من أزمة سياسية وعسكرية ، بالإضافة إلى زيادة الإنفاق العام نتيجة الصدمة المزدوجة للعراق في الفترة 2014-2016 ، والتي أدت إلى زيادة الدين العامانخفاض أسعار النفط ، والحرب على الإرهاب. وتكلفة النزوح الجماعي للمواطنين وتدمير العديد من البنى التحتية ، وبينما انخفضت الإيرادات مما أدى إلى عجز في الموازنة العامة ، تحولت الدولة إلى الاقتراض لأن الدين كان حلاً سريعًا لتغطية هذا العجز. بينما تشير اهم التوصيات الى ضرورة عمل الحكومة العراقية على وضع سياسة مالية جديدة تتماشى مع السياسة النقدية لاسيما في ظل الأوضاع التي يواجهها العراق من انخفاض اسعار النفط ، إذ ان الهدف من هذه السياسة هي معالجة العجز في الموازنة العامة ، ذلك تؤدي الى قليل الحاجة المستمرة الى الاقتراض الداخلي او الخارجي على أن لا يتعارض ذلك مع الوظائف الاساسية للموازنة العامة في مجال التنمية الاقتصادية وتحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي.
Implementasi Metode Halaqah Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menghafal Al-Qur’an Di Pondok Pesantren Kampung Qur’an Pulau Banyak
Authors: Raidatam Mardiyah  , Nurmisda Ramayani  , Satria Wiguna  
Published: May 2023

Metode Halaqah yang diterapkan di Pondok Pesantren masih dengan menggunakan teknik klasik pondok pesantren yang dianggap belum mengarah pada inovasi pembelajaran kreatif. Selain itu guru dan santri belum memiliki keahlian khusus dalam penerapan metode Halaqah. Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Metode pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan model Miles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari tiga komponen yaitu Reduksi Data (data reduction), Penyajian Data (data display), dan penarikan serta pengujian kesimpulan (drawing and verifyingconclution). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengajaran menggunakan metode Halaqah dengan memanfaatkan media belajar yang inovatif yaitu guru membentuk kelompok belajar siswa dengan membentuk lingkaran kemudian melakukan tes membaca, mendengarkan, guru membaca murid menirukan, guru membaca bersama-sama murid, dan juga tehnik baca simak dan juga di dukung peran guru yang lain sehingga kemampuan menghafal siswa yang sebelumnya kurang menjadi meningkat lebih baik dari sebelumnya. Sedangkan kemampuan siswa dalam menghafal Al-Qur’an di Pondok Pesantren Kampung Qur’an dengan tingkat persentase kemampuan siswa menghafal sejumlah 75 %. Hal ini disebabkan program Tahfiz Qur’an menjadi program unggulan di pondok pesantren kampung Qur’an.
The Role of Health Literacy in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shojaei Baghini Mahdie , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Health literacy is an essential indicator of health care habits and consequences. Health literacy and having the right information is effective in better managing symptoms and problems and improving the overall quality of life. This systematic review aimed to analyze previous studies and collect information on multiple sclerosis patients' health literacy.Material and Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were used to define the systematic review methods. PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect Journal, ProQuest, Wiley Online Library, SID, and Magiran databases were searched on 14 January 2022, without restrictions in publication time. We also searched Google Scholar and Research Proposal Information System. Two independent reviewers reviewed the papers' eligibility and extract data into a spreadsheet using a structured form.Results: Of the 165 articles retrieved, 14 were eventually included in the study. All of the studies’ audiences and targets were MS patients and their families or caregivers. Four studies examined the level of health literacy of individuals. Other objectives included determining variables affecting the relationship between patients' health literacy and behaviors, comparing the effects of lecture-based teaching and peer group experience on improving patients' health literacy, and determining psychometric characteristics of the MS patient’s health literacy questionnaire. Studies assessing people's health literacy revealed that most people have an adequate or acceptable health literacy level.Conclusion: Improving the level of health literacy is one of the fundamental ways to improve the physical and mental health of MS patients to increase compliance and self-care and medication adherence. Accordingly, policymakers need to work on designing effective programs to develop health literacy and overcome the challenges associated with it.
Case Study on the Application of Microstructural Features Extracted by Convolutional Neural Network for Cold Spray of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Tu Siyu , Vo Phuong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The use of process-microstructure-property relationships for cold spray can significantly reduce application development cost and time compared to legacy trial and error strategies. However, due to the heterogeneous microstructure of a cold spray deposit, with (prior) particle boundaries outlining consolidated splats (deformed particles) in the as-spray condition, the use of automated analysis methods is challenging. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of quantitative data developed from a convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction of cold spray microstructures. Specifically, the power of CNN is harnessed to automatically segment the deformed particles, which is hardly accessible at scale with traditional image processing techniques. Deposits produced with various processing conditions are evaluated with metallography. Parameters related to particle morphology such as compactness are also quantified and correlated to strength.
Visual Navigation for Autonomous Mobile Material Deposition Systems using Remote Sensing
Authors: Maleki S. , McDonald A. , Hashemi E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, we propose a novel visual navigation method to estimate the state of mobile and fixed cold-spray material deposition systems using a stereo-camera sensor installed in the workspace. Unlike other visual localization algorithms that exploit costly onboard sensors such as LiDARs or fully rely on distinct visual cues on the robot and grid markers in the environment, our method significantly reduces the cost and complexity of the sensory setup by utilizing a cost-effective remote stereo vision system. This allows for the localization of the target system regardless of its appearance or the environment, and enables scalability for tracking and operation of multiple mobile material deposition systems at the same time. To achieve this aim, deep neural networks, kinematic constraints, and learning-aided state observers are employed to detect and estimate the location and orientation of the deposition system. A physical model of the system with bounded uncertainty and fusion with a remote visual sensing module is proposed. This accounts for frames in which depth estimation accuracy is reduced due to perceptually degraded conditions in the cold spraying context. The algorithm is evaluated on a fixed and mobile setup that demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method.
Application of Machine Learning for Optimization of HVOF Process Parameters
Authors: Gerner Daniel , Azarmi Fardad , McDonnell Martin , Okeke Uchechi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A variety of process parameters affect the properties of the deposited coatings in the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) spraying process. In fact, the quality of coatings can be improved without changing feedstock or deposition technology by the application of optimized spraying process parameters. In this study, a large set of data “Big Data” is used to create a variety of machine learning models for prediction of porosity content and hardness values of HVOF deposited coatings. A set of process parameters was selected as validation run and actual HVOF coating was deposited using those parameters. The porosity level and hardness were measured and compared to those predicted by models. The models differ based on the number of neurons utilized in each layer for the calculations. A model with six neurons could predict closest porosity level and the one with three was the best in prediction of hardness. The final model could be obtained by running data through both models. Through this study, a robust machine learning model for the optimization of HVOF process parameters will be developed that could be used for other coatings and thermal spraying techniques.
Quantitative and Qualitative Nondestructive Evaluation of Cold Spray Manufactured Copper and Aluminum Samples
Authors: Ozdemir Ozan C. , Indu Kumar Kishore Kumar , Patel Mann Baijukumar , Boese Samuel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cold spray (CS) is a solid-state process for depositing metal powder, accelerated by a high-velocity gas such that it bonds to the substrate metal through kinetic impact energy. Although the technology is finding applications in non-load bearing repair and coating applications, work is needed in the quality control procedures for CS for its use in load bearing structural applications. in this study, the viability of electrical conductivity and through thickness ultrasound wave velocity measurement methods are studied to serve as a means for nondestructive quantitative measurement methods for quality control in CS and potentially other additive manufacturing (AM) methods. Eddy current, ultrasound, porosity, hardness, and uniaxial tensile strength tests were conducted on copper and aluminum samples that were manufactured using CS. Ultrasound measurements of longitudinal wave velocity and eddy current electrical conductivity measurements showed good correlation with process conditions that were varied to control particle velocity to intentionally produce samples with varying deposition quality. Influence of process conditions on particle velocity was confirmed via particle image velocimetry. Porosity, hardness, and tensile test results were further correlated to ultrasound wave velocity and electrical conductivity measurements. The results of this work show that nondestructive testing methods can be effectively used to quantitatively assess the cold spray products for quality control purposes.
Cold Sprayed Deposits Characterized by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
Authors: Cizek Jan , Medricky Jan , Stefanik Filip , Cizek Jakub , Melikhova Oksana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cold spray additive manufacturing technology (CSAM) is a progressive method of 3D print of metals and alloys. Its inherent work principles allow production of the components below the material melting points, thereby avoiding several undesired material degradation processes. Among other inherently associated phenomena, the work principles of CSAM involve extreme plastic deformation of the materials, triggering formation of several types of lattice defects. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) is an analytical technique capable of studying deformation on the atomic scale level, even in extremely deformed materials. In our study, the first historical analysis of CSAM materials by PAS was carried out. For the demonstration, four different base metals were selected (Al, Cu, Ni, Ti). For these, the character of dislocations and vacancies was observed and the respective densities were quantified. The results show that the extremely high strain rate in the cold spray process prevents recovery of vacancies by diffusion to sinks. The deformation-induced vacancies agglomerate into small vacancy clusters. Hence, metals deposited using CSAM contain not only dislocations but also vacancy clusters. Both kinds of defects were detected by positron annihilation spectroscopy.
Application of In Situ Observation Techniques for Understanding the Principles of the Cold Spray Coating Formation
Authors: Yao Yijun , Li Wenbo , Shi Zhoukun , Planche Marie-Pierre , Liao Hanlin , Deng Sihao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As it has been demonstrated that the use of the observation equipment applied on the spray process helps to gain a better coating in terms of properties, non-intrusive observation equipment (Control Vision Inc's SprayCam) is used in the current work for the observations of the jet and particles during the spray process. The application of such in-situ observation techniques concerns the field of cold spraying and brings new insights into the formation process of cold sprayed coatings. The build-up of coatings operated with different parameters (copper powder, nozzle, etc.) are recorded with an extreme short unit of time and then analyzed with the help of digital techniques such as image processing. The basic theories on cold spraying were previously verified by simulation and then compared to experimental results considering the distribution of flying particles involving in the build-up of the coating. The accumulation of data collected by in situ processing techniques during the spray allows understanding the complete steps of the coating formation consequently could bring the entire cold spraying mechanism to a higher level of research.
Microstructural Evaluation of Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt (WC-17Co) Alloy Deposited by Cold Spraying, High Velocity Air Fuel, and High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Spraying Technologies
Authors: Grabowski Theresa , Gerner Daniel , Azarmi Fardad , McDonnell Martin , Okeke Uchechi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, microstructural characterization is conducted on WC-17Co coatings produced via High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF), High Velocity Air Fuel (HVAF), and Cold Spraying (CS). All coatings prepared were observed to be of good quality and with relatively low porosity content. SEM study showed important microstructural features and grain morphologies of each coating. While composition of feedstock material was approximately similar, elemental composition using EDS showed higher Co content and lower WC in the CS deposited coating. XRD experiment identified formation of more complex oxides and tungsten phases in coatings deposited technologies involving melting of powders such as HVOF and HVAF. These phases consisted mainly of cobalt oxides and brittle phases such as W3Co3C or W2C caused by decarburization of the tungsten carbide particles. Hardness of all coating samples were examined and CS deposited coating exhibited considerably lower hardness compared to the other two coating samples instead of having significantly lower porosity content. It could be contributed to dissociation and physical loss of hard carbide phase during high velocity impact of particles in CS process. It is in good agreement with detection of higher amount of cobalt in CS deposited coating material. It is strongly believed that results obtained from this study can be used for future investigation in thermo-mechanical properties of WC-Co coatings.
Cavitation Performance of Steel Substrate and HVOF Sprayed WC-Co-Cr Coatings
Authors: Algoburi Ahmed , Ahmed Rehan , Nazarinia Mehdi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The cavitation performance of wear resistant cermet coatings can deteriorate in a corrosive environment. This investigation therefore considered the cavitation resistance in seawater of thermally sprayed High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) WC-10Co-4Cr coatings deposited on two different substrate materials of carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel. Coatings were deposited using industrially optimised parameters. Cavitation tests were conducted following the ASTM G32 test method in indirect mode, where there was a gap of 0.5 mm between the sonicator and the test surface. A submersed copper cooling coil controlled the temperature of the seawater. The cumulative cavitation erosion mass loss and cavitation erosion rate results are reported. The eroded substrate and coating surfaces were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) to understand the failure modes. Coating phases were identified using x-ray diffraction. Results are discussed in terms of the cavitation failure modes and cavitation erosion rates for both the substrate and coated surfaces.
How to Determine Process Fluctuations in Wire-Arc Spraying
Authors: Bobzin K. , Heinemann H. , Burbaum E. , Naber H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Wire-arc spraying is particularly used for large-area coatings due to the high cost efficiency of the process but is also characterized by strong fluctuations. Nowadays, a costly and time-consuming inspection is required after coating in order to identify and eliminate possible coating defects caused by the process instability. Therefore, a sensor unit with seven channels is established, which realizes an in situ monitoring of the process. The voltage and current sensors are analyzed in detail within this work. Additionally, a variation of the process parameters voltage and wire feed was used to compare the data of a stable and an instable process regarding the arc stability. For a deeper understanding of the process and its performance, the surface is characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and cross-sections are investigated by SEM as well as light microscopy. The new and so far, unique sensor unit is successfully established for the current and the voltage sensor on the wire-arc spraying process. The in situ recording identifies fluctuations of the spraying process. Anomalies of the current I were detected before the break down of the arc occurred. The parameter variation showed an influence on the coating properties. A higher voltage results in a denser coating structure.
The Effect of a Gradient Porous Structure on the Performance of Cold-Sprayed Electrodes used in Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Jiang Xinge , Liu Taikai , Liao Hanlin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Alkaline water electrolysis is currently the most promising approach to produce hydrogen. However, a main limitation for large-scale application originates from the significant energy loss caused by the coverage of bubbles on the electrode surface. Here, pore-graded Ni electrodes with a positive and negative gradient porous structure that boosts the desorption and release of gas bubble are reported, resulting in a greatly advanced mass transference. The electrodes are obtained from a blend of Ni and Al via high-pressure cold spray. The gradient porosity is realized by varying the addition of Al and chemical etching. As-sprayed electrodes are annealed to eliminate the residual stress and strengthen the adhesion of layers, hence improving their durability. As a result, the electrode with a positive pore-graded structure exhibits a better HER/OER performance when tested with a carbon rob counter electrode. Notably, when tested with an annulus counter electrode of Nickel foam, the electrode with a negative pore-graded structure achieves minimal HER/OER overpotential, outperforming other porous electrodes. This is benefited from improved bubble removal and mass transference capability. All prepared electrodes showed an excellent stability that after 500 cycles of HER/OER test without a large potential fluctuation.
Additive Manufacturing of Multi-Material Assembly
Authors: Kusuran Amela , Darut Geoffrey , Vitu Ludovic , Planche Marie-Pierre , Mercs David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The objective of this work is to assemble an aluminum alloy to a steel to reduce the final mass of this assembly. Doing that, cold spray is considered as an efficient solution. Surfaces are previously prepared with a texturing laser to improve the adhesion of the coating on the substrate. Deposits are slightly rough (Ra &lt; 10 μm), porosity is less than 1% and adhesion is higher than 80 MPa for textured surfaces. These high values are also due to the high filling rates in holes (100% for steel and 65% for aluminum alloy). Shear values obtained through the combination of laser texturing and cold spray for multi-material assembly are of 90 MPa (a heat treatment of 3h at 300°C applied on the joining point improves mechanical strength and increases it by three). By analogy with linear joining methods such as Laser Welding (190 MPa), the values obtained in uniaxial tension by this assembly method are significantly lower (around 50 MPa). It can be explained by the nature of the joining bead, which is made of aluminum alloy.