bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the direct effects of the genetic liabilities to bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and behavioral traits on suicide attempt using a multivariable Mendelian randomization approach
Authors: Cabrera-Mendoza Brenda , Aydin Necla , Fries Gabriel R. , Docherty Anna R. , Walss-Bass Consuelo , Polimanti Renato 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are associated with higher odds of suicide attempt (SA). In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of BD and SZ genetic liabilities on SA, also considering the contribution of behavioral traits, socioeconomic factors, and substance use disorders. Leveraging large-scale genome-wide association data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and the UK Biobank (UKB), we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the putative causal effect of BD (41,917 cases, 371,549 controls) and SZ (53,386 cases, 77,258 controls) on SA (26,590 cases, 492,022 controls). Then, we assessed the putative causal effect of BD and SZ on behavioral traits, socioeconomic factors, and substance use disorders. Considering the associations identified, we evaluated the direct causal effect of behavioral traits, socioeconomic factors, and substance use disorders on SA using a multivariable MR approach. The genetic liabilities to BD and SZ were associated with higher odds of SA (BD odds ratio (OR)=1.24, p=3.88×10−12; SZ OR=1.09, p=2.44×10−20). However, while the effect of mental distress (OR=1.17, p=1.02×10−4) and risk-taking (OR=1.52, p=0.028) on SA was independent of SZ genetic liability, the BD-SA relationship appeared to account for the effect of these risk factors. Similarly, the association with loneliness on SA was null after accounting for the effect of SZ genetic liability. These findings highlight the complex interplay between genetic risk of psychiatric disorders and behavioral traits in the context of SA, suggesting the need for a comprehensive mental health assessment for high-risk individuals.
The plasma proteome of plant-based diets: analyses of 1463 proteins in 50,000 people
Authors: Tong Tammy Y.N. , Smith-Byrne Karl , Papier Keren , Atkins Joshua R. , Parsaeian Mahboubeh , Key Timothy J. , Travis Ruth C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and objectivesCirculating proteins are integral to many biological processes. We aimed to assess differences in the plasma proteome between people of different dietary groups defined by degree of animal food consumption.MethodsThe UK Biobank recruited middle-aged adults (mostly 40 to 69 years) throughout the UK between 2006-2010. Relative concentrations of 1463 plasma proteins were quantified using the Olink Proximity Extension Assay on blood samples from 49,326 participants, who were also asked to report their ethnicity and consumption of red and processed meat, poultry, fish, dairy and eggs. We defined six diet groups among the white British participants (23,116 regular meat eaters, 23,323 low meat eaters, 484 poultry eaters, 1074 fish eaters, 722 vegetarians, and 54 vegans), and two diet groups among the British Indians (390 meat eaters and 163 vegetarians). We used multivariable-adjusted linear regressions to assess differences in protein concentrations between diet groups, with correction for multiple testing.ResultsWe observed significant differences in many plasma proteins by diet group (683 proteins in white British participants, 1 in British Indians), in particular many proteins that are majority expressed in the digestive system. Of the biggest differences, compared with regular meat eaters, the non-meat eaters had significantly higher FGF21 (e.g. +0.40 SD in vegetarians), GUCA2A (+0.33), FOLR1 (+0.32), IGFBP2 (+0.31) and DSG2 (+0.30); all groups except the vegans had lower HAVCR1 (−0.38 in vegetarians). The observed differences were generally similar in direction in both ethnicities.DiscussionIn this first comprehensive assessment of plasma proteins by diet group, we identified many differences in proteins between groups defined by animal food consumption; this variation in protein levels suggests differences in various biological activities, including gastrointestinal tract and kidney function, which may relate to differences in future disease risk.
Arterial Stiffness is an Important Predictor of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction - The Effects of Phosphate Retention-
Authors: Mizuno Yuji , Ishida Toshifumi , Tsujita Kenichi , Yoshimura Michihiro 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUNDHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major health concern. There is a growing recognition of the causal interplay between arterial stiffness and HFpEF. We recently reported that the deterioration of phosphate homeostasis is a trigger for both arterial stiffness. This study focuses on whether arterial stiffness due to phosphate retention could be a predictor for HFpEF.METHODSThe study subjects were 158 patients (68 males and 90 females, mean age 74.8±11.2). They received echocardiography, central blood pressure (BP) and blood biochemistry tests. HFpEF was defined according to the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology 2021. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure (CSBP) were used as markers for arterial stiffness and cardiac afterload, respectively. We measured serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) as markers of phosphate retention.RESULTSThe serum levels of FGF23 had significant relationship with PWV (t=3.33, p<0.001). PWV had a significant positive relationship with CSBP (t=4.54, p<0.001). PWV furthermore had significant relationships with LV mass index (t=4.74), plasma BNP levels (t=5.44), and relative wall thickness (t=3.83), e’ (t=-4.21) and E/e’ (t=7.88) (p<0.001, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis using independent factors, including PWV higher values, sex and hypertension, revealed that PWV higher values (t=5.89, p<0.0001) and hypertension (t=2.17, p=0.031) were significant predictors for the dependent factor (HFpEF).CONCLUSIONSArterial stiffness amplified cardiac afterload, leading to LV concentric hypertrophy and LV diastolic dysfunction. This study presents that arterial stiffness due to phosphate retention, and hypertension are important predictors of HFpEF.What is New?Arterial stiffness is an important predictor for HFpEF. Arterial stiffness is caused by an increase in phosphate retention due to aging and CKD via kidney nephron loss. Arterial stiffness amplifies cardiac afterload leading to LV concentric hypertrophy and LV diastolic dysfunction.What are the Clinical Implications?Arterial calcification and/or stiffness should be a new target in cardiovascular diseases. Phosphate is thought to be an important aging accelerating factor. Phosphate regulating medications, phosphate restriction diets, and osteoporosis therapies may all be protective against aging related diseases including HFpEF.
Non-invasive canine electroencephalography (EEG): a systematic review
Authors: Kulgod Akash , van der Linden Dirk , França Lucas G S , Jackson Melody , Zamansky Anna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe emerging field of canine cognitive neuroscience uses neuroimaging tools such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the cognitive processes of dogs to neural substrates in their brain. Within the past decade, the non-invasive use of EEG has provided real-time, accessible, and portable neuroimaging insight into canine cognitive processes. To promote systematization and create an overview of framings, methods and findings for future work, we provide a systematic review of non-invasive canine EEG studies (N=22), dissecting their study makeup, technical setup, and analysis frameworks and highlighting emerging trends. We further propose new directions of development, such as the standardization of data structures and integrating predictive modeling with descriptive statistical approaches. Our review ends by underscoring the advances and advantages of EEG-based canine cognitive neuroscience and the potential for accessible canine neuroimaging to inform both fundamental sciences as well as practical applications for cognitive neuroscience, working dogs, and human-canine interactions.
Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Navel orange cv. Gannanzao (Citrus sinensisOsbeck cv. Gannanzao)
Authors: Xiong Zhiwei , Yin Hui , Wang Nian , Han Guanzhu , Gao Yuxia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNavel orange cv. Gannanzao is a variant of the navel orange cv. Newhall (C. sinensisOsbeck cv. Newhall) that exhibits an earlier maturation, making it commercially valuable. However, the underlying mechanism underneath its early maturation remains unknown. To address this question, we conducted genome sequencing and de novo assembly of navel orange cv. Gannanzao. The assembled genome sequence is 334.57 Mb in length with a GC content of 31.48%. It comprises 318 contigs (N50 = 3.23 Mb) and 187 scaffolds (N50 = 31.86 Mb). The BUSCO test demonstrates 94.6% completeness. The annotation revealed 23,037 gene models, 164.95 Mb of repetitive sequences, and 2,554 ncRNA. Comparative analysis identified 323 fruit ripening-related genes in navel orange cv. Gannanzao genome, while navel orange cv. Newhall genome contained 345 such genes. These genes were organized into 320 orthologous gene families, with 30.3% of them exhibiting differences in gene copy numbers between the two genomes. Additionally, we identified 15 fruit ripening-related genes that have undergone adaptive evolution, suggesting their potential role in advancing fruit maturation in navel orange cv. Gannanzao. Whole genome sequencing and annotation of navel orange cv. Gannanzao provides a valuable resource to unravel the early maturation mechanism of citrus and enriches the genomic resources for citrus research.
Estimating the Total Variance Explained by Whole-Brain Imaging for Zero-inflated Outcomes
Authors: Ren Junting , Loughnan Robert , Xu Bohan , Thompson Wesley K. , Fan Chun Chieh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZero-inflated outcomes are very common in behavioral data, particularly for responses to psychological questionnaires. Modeling these challenging distributions is further exacerbated by the absence of established statistical models capable of characterizing total signals attributed to whole-brain imaging features, making the accurate assessment of brain-behavior relationships particularly formidable. Given this critical need, we have developed a novel variational Bayes algorithm that characterizes the total signal captured by whole-brain imaging features for zero-inflated outcomes . Ourzero-inflated variance(ZIV) estimator robustly estimates the fraction of variance explained (FVE) and the proportion of non-null effects from large-scale imaging data. In simulations, ZIV outperformed other linear prediction algorithms. Applying ZIV to data from one of the largest neuroimaging studies, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM(ABCD) Study, we found that whole-brain imaging features have a larger FVE for externalizing compared to internalizing behavior. We also demonstrate that the ZIV estimator, especially applied to focal sub-scales, can localize key neurocircuitry associated with human behavior.
Sex Differences in Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and Dorsal Striatum Determined by Chronic Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry: Effects of social housing and repeated stimulation
Authors: Gonzalez Ivette L. , Turner Christopher A. , Patel Paras R. , Leonardo Noah B. , Luma Brandon D. , Richie Julianna M. , Cai Dawen , Chestek Cynthia A. , Becker Jill B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe investigated sex differences in dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) using a chronic 16-channel carbon fiber electrode and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Electrical stimulation (ES; 60Hz) induced DA release was recorded in the NAc of single or pair-housed male and female rats. When core (NAcC) and shell (NAcS) were recorded simultaneously, there was greater ES DA release in NAcC of pair-housed females compared with single females and males. Housing did not affect ES NAc DA release in males. In contrast, there was significantly more ES DA release from the DLS of female rats than male rats. This was true prior to and after treatment with methamphetamine. Furthermore, in castrated (CAST) males and ovariectomized (OVX) females, there were no sex differences in ES DA release from the DLS, demonstrating the hormone dependence of this sex difference. However, in the DLS of both intact and gonadectomized rats, DA reuptake was slower in females than in males. Finally, DA release following ES of the medial forebrain bundle at 60Hz was studied over four weeks. ES DA release increased over time for both CAST males and OVX females, demonstrating sensitization. Using this novel 16-channel chronic FSCV electrode, we found sex differences in the effects of social housing in the NAcS, sex differences in DA release from intact rats in DLS, sex differences in DA reuptake in DLS of intake and gonadectomized rats, and we report sensitization of ES-induced DA release in DLSin vivo.Significance StatementDopamine release is not uniform or fixed. In the nucleus accumbens, pair housing, compared with individual housing, is shown to differentially affect dopamine responsiveness to stimulation in a sex-dependent and region-specific way. There are also sex differences in stimulated dopamine release in the dorsolateral striatum of intact rats, which are not seen in gonadectomized rats, indicating the hormone dependence of this sex difference. However, reuptake of dopamine was slower in females than in males, independent of gonadal hormones. Importantly, the electrical stimulation-induced dopamine release in the dorsolateral striatum of gonadectomized rats demonstrated sensitization of dopamine releasein vivowithin animals for the first time. Thus, stimulated dopamine release exhibits sex-specific neuroplasticity that is modified in females by the housing conditions.
Shining Light on Osteoarthritis: Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy as a Window into Cartilage Health
Authors: Raj Piyush , Wu Lintong , Almeida Craig , Conway Lauren , Tanwar Swati , Middendorf Jill , Barman Ishan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArticular cartilage is a complex tissue, and early detection of osteoarthritis (OA) is crucial for effective treatment. However, current imaging modalities lack molecular specificity and primarily detect late-stage changes. In this study, we propose the use of Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) for non-invasive, depth-dependent, and molecular-specific diagnostics of articular cartilage. We demonstrate the potential of SORS to penetrate deep layers of cartilage, providing a comprehensive understanding of disease progression. Our SORS measurements were characterized and validated through mechanical and histological techniques, revealing strong correlations between spectroscopic measurements and both Young’s modulus and depth of cartilage damage. By longitudinally monitoring enzymatically degraded condyles, we further developed a depth-dependent damage-tracking method. Our analysis revealed distinct components related to sample depth and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) changes, offering a comprehensive picture of cartilage health. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of SORS as a valuable tool for enhancing OA management and improving patient outcomes.
Prevalence and determinants of cervicovaginal, oral, and anal HPV infection in a population of transgender and gender diverse people assigned female at birth
Authors: McIntosh Ryan D. , Andrus Emily C. , Walline Heather M. , Sandler Claire B. , Goudsmit Christine M. , Moravek Molly B. , Stroumsa Daphna , Kattari Shanna K. , Brouwer Andrew F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionHPV causes oral, cervicovaginal, and anogenital cancer, and cervical cancer screening options include HPV testing of a physician-collected sample. Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people assigned female at birth (AFAB) face discrimination and stigma in many healthcare settings; are believed to be a lower risk for cervical cancer by many physicians; are less likely to be up to date on preventive health care services such as pelvic health exams; and are more likely to have inadequate results from screening tests. Self-sampling options may increase access and participation in HPV testing and cancer screening.MethodsWe recruited 137 TGD individuals AFAB for an observational study, mailing them a kit to self-collect cervicovaginal, oral, and anal samples at home. We tested samples for HPV genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73 and 90 using a PCR mass array test.Results102 participants completed the study. Among those with valid tests, 8.8% were positive for oral HPV, 30.5% were positive for cervicovaginal HPV, and 39.6% were positive for anal HPV. A large fraction of anal (50.0%) and oral (71.4%) infections were concordant with a cervicovaginal infection of the same type.ConclusionsHPV infection in TGD people AFAB may be just as high, if not higher, than in cisgender women. It is essential that we reduce barriers to cancer screening for TGD populations, such as through the development of a clinically approved self-screening HPV test.
Quantifying the linkages between California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) strandings and particulate domoic acid concentrations at piers across Southern California
Authors: Smith Jayme , Cram Jacob A. , Berndt Malena , Hoard Vanessa , Shultz Dana , Deming Alissa C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDomoic acid producing blooms of the diatom genusPseudo-nitzschiaare pervasive in coastal environments globally. Domoic acid, a neurotoxin, accumulates via trophic transfer into marine food webs and are often associated with mass marine mammal mortality and stranding events. In Southern California, California sea lions (Zalophus californiaus) are an indicator species for food web impacts of domoic acid because they are abundant secondary consumers, sensitive to domoic acid intoxication, and are actively monitored by stranding networks. However, domoic acid exposure may occur a distance from where a sea lion ultimately strands. This spatiotemporal variation complicates coupling domoic acid observations in water to strandings. Therefore, we sought to quantify whether monitoring data from four pier sites across the region, covering nearly 700 km of coastline from 2015-2019, could be used to predict adult and subadult sea lion strandings along the 68 km Orange County coastline surveyed by the Pacific Marine Mammal Center. We found that increased sea lion strandings were often observed just prior to an increase in particulate domoic acid at the piers, confirming that clusters of subadult and adult sea lion strandings with clinical signs of domoic acid intoxication a serve as indicators of bloom events. In addition, domoic acid concentrations at Stearns Wharf, nearly 200 km from stranding locations, best predicted increased total sea lion strandings, and strandings of sea lions with domoic acid intoxication symptoms. Particulate domoic acid concentrations greater than 0.05 μg/L at Stearns Wharf led to a detectable increase in stranding probability in Orange County, and concentrations over 0.25 μg/L resulted in a nearly 1.6-fold increase in stranding probabilities for a given week.
Individual genotype but not phenotype predicts river migration success in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Moccetti Paolo , Bolland Jonathan D. , Adams Colin E. , Rodger Jessica R. , Honkanen Hannele M. , Newton Matthew , Lothian Angus J. , Nunn Andy D. , Joyce Domino A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMigratory species typically undertake demanding long-distance journeys, across different habitat types during which they are exposed to multiple natural and anthropogenic stressors. Mortality during migration is typically high, and may be exacerbated by human-induced pressures. Understanding individual responses to these selection pressures is rarely attempted, because of the challenges of relating individual phenotypic and genetic data to migration success. Here we show distinct Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sets significantly differentiated between Atlantic salmon smolts making successful migrations to sea and those that failed to migrate, in two different rivers. In contrast, morphological variation was not diagnostic of migration success. Populations from each river were genetically distinct, and while different genes were possibly implicated in migration success in each river, they related to common biological processes (for example osmoregulation and immune and stress response). Given that migration failure should quickly purge polymorphism at selected SNPs from a population, the question of how genetic diversity in these populations is maintained is an important one. Standing genetic variation could be maintained by different life history strategies and/or environmentally driven balancing selection. Our work highlights the importance of preserving genetic diversity to ensure evolutionary resilience at the population level, and has practical implications for management.
Accurate determination of house dust mite sensitization in asthma and allergic rhinitis through cytometric detection of Der p 1 and Der p 2 binding on Basophils (CytoBas)
Authors: Hsin Lin , Varese Nirupama , Aui Pei Mun , Wines Bruce D. , Mascarell Laurent , Hogarth Mark P. , Hew Mark , O’Hehir Robyn E. , van Zelm Menno C. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundHouse dust mite (HDM) is the commonest allergen trigger globally for allergic rhinitis and atopic asthma. To expedite accurate confirmation of allergen sensitization, we designed fluorescent allergen tetramers to directly stain specific IgE on basophils to detect allergen sensitization using the flow cytometric CytoBas assay.MethodsRecombinant proteins of major HDM allergens (component), Der f 1, Der p 1 and Der p 2 were biotinylated and conjugated with fluorochrome streptavidins as tetramers. Blood samples from 64 HDM-allergic patients and 26 non-HDM-sensitized controls were incubated with allergen tetramers for evaluation of basophil binding (CytoBas) and activation (BAT) with flow cytometry.ResultsThe tetramers effectively bound and activated basophils from allergic patients but not non-sensitized controls. CytoBas with Der p 1 as a single allergen had comparable sensitivity and specificity (92% and 100%) to BAT (91% and 100%), similarly for CytoBas with a single Der p 2 (95% and 96%) to BAT (95% and 87%) in detecting allergen sensitization. A positive staining for Der p 1 and/or Der p 2 was 100% sensitive and 96% specific for HDM allergy.ConclusionsCytoBas has diagnostic accuracy for group 1 and group 2 HDM allergens that is comparable to a BAT assay, but with additional advantages of multiple allergen components in a single tube and no requirement forin vitrobasophil activation. These findings endorse a single, multiplex CytoBas assay for accurate and component-resolved diagnosis of aeroallergen sensitization in patients with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis.CAPSULE SUMMARYA single flow cytometry stain of basophils (CytoBas) with both Der p 1 and Der p 2 provides >95% specificity and sensitivity for detection of functional HDM allergen sensitization.HighlightsFluorescent tetramers of recombinant Der f 1, Der p 1 and Der p 2 can be used to detect functional IgE sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) by flowcytometric detection on basophils (CytoBas).A single CytoBas assay with inclusion of both Der p 1 and Der p 2 can detect HDM sensitization with >95% sensitivity and specificity.