bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing analytical research on the current leads characteristics to the superconducting electromagnets
Authors: Sosnowski J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the paper is proposed new analytical approach to the optimization of the characteristics of the current leads to the superconducting electromagnets, basing on the analytical solution of the heat diffusion equation in stationary as well as dynamic, one dimensional case. Then temperature distribution in copper current leads to superconducting electromagnets through which flows current has been determined for monolithic lead with thermal intercept. The values of the low temperature losses, i.e. heat leak flowing through the cold end of lead at FEL-s type construction were determined as the function of current, while minimum of this leakage was found for various leads geometries. This new analytical approach allows to follow, in more visible form than advanced numerical calculations, the influence of physical parameters on the current leads operation.
Superconducting Phase shifter design for the afterburner at the European XFEL.
Authors: Grattoni V. , Baader J. E. , Casalbuoni S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAt the European XFEL, we are designing a superconducting afterburner for the SASE2 hard X-ray beamline. It will consist of a series of five undulator modules plus a pre-series one called S-PRESSO. One module corresponds to two superconducting undulator (SCU) coils of 2m length plus one phase shifter. Such an afterburner will enable photon energies above 30 keV. We foresee to install superconducting (SC) phase shifters in each undulator module to keep the correct phase delay between the electron beam and photon beam. In this contribution, we present the required SC phase shifter parameters to enable operation in the electron beam energy range 11.5-17.5 GeV. We also analyze different magnetic designs satisfying the calculated specifications.
An analytical study to determine the mechanical tolerances for the afterburner superconducting undulators at EuXFEL
Authors: Grattoni V. , Casalbuoni S. , Marchetti B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAt the European XFEL, a superconducting afterburner is planned for the SASE2 hard X-ray beamline. It will consist of 5 undulator modules plus a pre-series module called S-PRESSO. Within each module, two superconducting undulators (SCU) 2 m long are present. Such an afterburner will enable photon energies above 30 keV.The magnetic field of the SCU determines the quality of the electron beam trajectory and the free-electron laser (FEL) radiation. The mechanical accuracy of the SCU determines its magnetic field quality. In this contribution, we present the mechanical errors and an analytical study to determine the tolerances for our SCUs.
Development of cryogenic undulators and measurement equipment for PETRA IV
Authors: Abenhaim J , Bolat H , Schöps A , Vagin P , Tischer M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
DESY is planning to upgrade its current storage ring PETRA III into the ultra-low emittance photon source PETRA IV. The current H6BA cell design for the PETRA IV lattice will allow for insertion devices of up to 4 m length in the standard straight sections. In order to allow some beamlines to not only benefit from the performance improvements by the machine but also from the undulators, we started looking into using advanced undulator schemes as well. We decided to start the design of cryogenically cooled permanent magnet undulators (CPMUs) based on (Nd,Pr)FeB magnets for PETRA IV, since this technique has already been proven successfully by various other facilities. We will present the planned design for the magnet keepers, the pole tuning mechanism as well as a testbed for keepers under cryogenic conditions. We will also show a preliminary design for the in-situ Hall-probe bench currently developed for the upcoming PETRA IV CPMUs.
Characterization of helical APPLE X undulators with 90 mm period for the European XFEL
Authors: Yakopov M. , Calvi M. , Casalbuoni S. , Englisch U. , Karabekyan S. , Liang X. , Schmidt T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
European XFEL is going to provide full polarization control in the soft X-ray SASE line (SASE3). For this purpose, four helical APPLE X undulators with 90 mm period are installed downstream with respect to the planar undulators of the SASE3 undulator line consisting of 21 planar undulators with 68 mm period. In this contribution, the measurement technique, as well as the results of the measurements and tuning of the APPLE X undulators performed at European XFEL are presented.
Commissioning experience with two in-vacuum undulators at PETRA III
Authors: Schöps A , Vagin P , Keil J , Tischer M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In 2018 the high energy X-ray beamlines P07[1] and P21b[2] at DESY’s storage ring PETRA III received new undulators. The two identical devices were built by an industry collaboration of Research Instruments GmbH and Kyma S.p.A. according to DESY’s specifications. They have a magnetic length of 4 m, a period length of 21.2 mm and a deflection parameter K of 1.41 at a gap of 7.0 mm. We report about experience during magnet tuning, the final acceptance measurements and the commissioning in the accelerator tunnel.
Conceptual Design of a Liquid Helium Vertical Test-Stand for 2m long Superconducting Undulator Coils
Authors: Marchetti B. , Abeghyan S. , Baader J. , Barbanotti S. , Casalbuoni S. , Di Felice M. , Eckoldt H.-J. , Englisch U. , Grattoni V. , Grau A. , Hauberg A. , Jensch K. , La Civita D. , Lederer S. , Lilje L. , Ramalingam R. , Schnautz T. , Vannoni M. , Yakopov M. , Zimmermann R. , Ziolkowski P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSuperconducting Undulators (SCUs) can produce higher photon flux and cover a wider photon energy range compared to permanent magnet undulators (PMUs) with the same vacuum gap and period length.To build the know-how to implement superconducting undulators for future upgrades of the European XFEL facility, the test stand SUNDAE1 for the characterization of SCU is being developed. The purpose of SUNDAE1 is the training, tuning and development of new SCU coils by means of precise magnetic field measurements.The experimental setup will allow the characterization of magnets up to 2m in length. These magnets will be immersed in a Helium bath at 4K or 2K temperature.In this article, we describe the experimental setup and highlight its expected performances.
The new PTB beamline for vacuum-ultraviolet radiometry
Authors: Ogor O , Kroth U , Kaser H , Krzyzagorski M , Gottwald A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
At the Metrology Light Source, a 630 MeV electron storage ring for the use of synchrotron radiation for metrology applications, a new beamline is dedicated to radiometry in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectral range. The emphasis lies on the traceability of measurements and profound uncertainty analysis. To replace the previously existing normal incidence monochromator beamline which serviced for more than 20 years now at different facilities, a newly designed 2 m off-plane Eagle monochromator beamline concept was developed. Different reflective coatings for mirrors and gratings in combination with order-sorting filters ensure highest spectral purity of the monochromatized radiation in combination with optimized photon flux characteristics. The beamline is planned to go into full operation in late 2022.
HESEB: The Helmholtz state-of-the-art Soft-X-Ray Undulator beamline at SESAME
Authors: Abbadi Anas , Attal Maher , Bahrdt Johannes , Drube Wolfgang , Eberhardt Wolfgang , Martin Esser Frank , Follath Rolf , Froideval Annick , Fatih Genisel Mustafa , Groetsch Daniel , Rahman Hasoneh Abdel , Huck Maryam , Huttel Erhard , Kanngießer Birgit , Knaack Sebastian , Krueger Ole , Lausi Andrea , Lehner Frank , Lörgen Marcus , Meseck Atoosa , Momani Yazeed , Al Najdawi Mohammad , Natour Ghaleb , Paolucci Giorgio , Rial Edward , Roschka Michael , Scheer Michael , Schramm Barbara , Schuppler Stefan , Shehab Maher , Siewert Frank , Tiemann Christoph , Weissig Annette 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
SESAME and a consortium of five Helmholtz Centers are designing and installing a state-of-the-art soft X-Ray undulator beamline at the SESAME light source in Amman, Jordan. Funding is provided by the Helmholtz Association over a four year project cycle that started in January 2019. This is an interim report covering the first 36 months of the project where the construction and installation has been almost completed and commissioning and characterization of the beamline is about to start. Additionally, seminars, workshops, and a training program are part of the project aimed at establishing a broad user community.
A review on the High-Dynamic Double-Crystal Monochromator for Sirius/LNLS
Authors: Geraldes R R , de Brito Neto J L , Saveri Silva M , de Albuquerque G S , Luiz S A L , Pinto A C , Rigamonti Junior H , Eleotério M A S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The High-Dynamic Double-Crystal Monochromator (HD-DCM) started to be developed in 2015 by the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) for the 4th-generation light source Sirius. The reason for the unique and innovative control-based architecture was twofold, namely: 1) reaching the unprecedented target of 10 nrad RMS (root mean square) (1 Hz - 2.5 kHz) in crystals parallelism for a vertical-deflection DCM, to comply with the smaller new-generation source sizes; and 2) unlocking the potential of high-stability fixed-exit continuous energy scans, creating unmatching spectroscopy capabilities that benefit from the higher new beam brightness. The outcome is a machine built on essential high-precision mechatronics principles, with an integrated design for optimized dynamics, actuation, metrology, and thermal aspects. The first two units are operational at the MANACA (protein crystallography) and the EMA (extreme conditions and spectroscopy) undulator beamlines. This work reviews the key aspects of this new technology and presents experimental commissioning results at the beamlines, including high-quality energy continuous fly-scans up to 500 eV/s over 1 keV that demonstrate the good performance for X-ray spectroscopy by keeping inter-crystals stability below 15 nrad RMS up to 10 kHz. Preliminary EXAFS data collected at the EMA beamline at 1 keV/s is also shown. Furthermore, a discussion is held about the required beamline integration level, since the high-end experiments demand appropriate control strategies, data acquisition, triggering and performance capabilities, particularly concerning the source, the sample environment, and the detectors.
Design of a plane grating with multilayer coating for the soft X-ray tomography beamline
Authors: Su Yi-Jr , Yin Gung-Chian , Hsu Ming-Ying , Fu Huang-Wen , Fung Hok-Sum 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An alternate multilayer plane grating has been designed for the soft X-ray tomography beamline. At this beamline, a grating with 600 line/mm and Au coating has already been set up to serve the energy range from 260 eV to 1200 eV. To fit the original optical design, a varied-line-spacing plane grating optimized at 2473 eV will be used in this beamline. The groove depth is 2.5 nm and its duty cycle is 0.5. The B4C/Mo alternate layers with period 30 are selected to enhance diffraction efficiency in the energy range 1100 eV -- 2600 eV. The varied-line-spacing plane grating paired with a matched multilayer plane mirror constitutes a monochromator to provide energetic photons. Based on the designed multilayer conditions, the calculated diffraction efficiency of alternate multilayer varied-line-spacing plane grating is about 0.24 at 2473 eV; the calculated photon flux is about 2.3 × 1011 photons/s. The resolving power is about 1670; the openings of the entrance and exit slits are 25 and 50 μm respectively.
Soft X-ray grating monochromators as a source of spatial coherence degradation: A wave-optical approach
Authors: Khubbutdinov Ruslan , Seyrich Martin , Bagschik Kai 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present wave-optical simulations and a coherence analysis of the photon beam transported through a soft X-ray beamline, paying particular attention to a focusing varied line spacing (VLS) plane grating monochromator (PGM). We show that this beamline optical element used in several soft X-ray beamlines at synchrotron sources and free-electron lasers can cause a non-negligible spatial coherence degradation. We demonstrate that the origin of this effect arises from the coupling between spatial and spectral properties of the photon beam generated by the grating. The latter implies that space and frequency dependencies are not separable after such a dispersive element. It is shown which parameters are essential for this effect and how they are linked to each other.
Strategies to minimize beam and sample vibration-induced instabilities at the microfocus MX XAIRA beamline at ALBA
Authors: Quispe Marcos , Garriga Damià , González Nahikari , Šics Igors , Colldelram Carles , Nicolas Josep , Juanhuix Judith 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The performance of microfocus beamlines, and ultimately the quality of the diffraction data, is very sensitive to vibrations affecting the optical elements and the sample stages and holder. We report here the strategies applied in the design of the microfocus MX XAIRA beamline at ALBA synchrotron to mitigate the effects of two relevant sources of vibrations: circulation of LN2 flow to evacuate the thermal load on the monochromator and cryocooling gas stream being blown on the sample. The internal shape and size of the two cooling pads that clamp the monochromator optics have been designed to minimize the turbulences in the liquid nitrogen flow while maximizing heat transfer. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and some preliminary metrology tests are presented. Besides, in the end-station, the cryo-cooler is blowing typically a 5-10 L/min flow of nitrogen or helium gas at 100K on the sample, inducing vibrations in the micron range. The optimal geometrical configuration between the sample holder and the cryocooler has been assessed by means of CDF simulations and metrology tests.
Measurement of the Ellipsometric Parameters of Thin Graphene Layers in the Extreme Ultraviolet
Authors: Zuppella P , Samparisi F , Frassetto F , Rigato V , Campostrini M , Poletto L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A reflection polarimeter for the XUV (30 – 100 eV) spectral range realized with three ruthenium optics has been designed, developed and tested. The instrument is conceived to be an insertable device, maintaining unaltered the XUV beam propagation direction. For energies greater than ∼55 eV, ruthenium permits to obtain a higher throughput than the one obtainable with gold optics. We propose a procedure to measure properties of graphene: the method uses a reference sample in place of one ruthenium mirror, as consequence the measure does not depend on the optical properties of the two remaining ruthenium mirrors. With this instrument we have performed ellipsometric measurements on thin graphene layers in the 15 – 30 eV spectral range.
The beam stop as an intensity monitor
Authors: Müller L , Walther M , Riepp M , Philippi-Kobs A , Jo W , Roseker W , Bagschik K , Frömter R , Pan R , Lott D , Möller J , Bösenberg U , Hallmann J , Rodriguez-Fernandez A , Scholz M , Ansaldi G , Wrigley J , Zozulya A , Madsen A , Grübel G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Free-electron lasers (FELs) provide unique possibilities in investigating matter down to femtosecond time and nanometer length scales, as well as in the regime of non-linear light-matter interaction. Due to the nature of FEL sources, the produced beam is significantly more unstable than beams produced by 3rd generation synchrotrons. As a result, pulse-resolved normalization of measurement data becomes essential and can be challenging. The intensity monitors permanently installed at a facility might indeed accurately measure the pulse intensities at a certain point of the beamline, but cannot precisely normalize experimental data. For example the impact of pointing instabilities and hence different clipping of the beam downstream on the way to the actual experiment is not reflected in the intensity measurement. Here, we show how the integral intensity of the FEL beam transmitted through the sample can be measured by photodiodes providing a proper normalization of measurement data.
Improved Design of a Monochromatic beam Screen Monitor for Taiwan Photon Source Beamlines
Authors: Lee Longlife , Chen Hsin-Wei , Chuang Yu-Chun , Chang Shinh-Hung , Su Yi-Jr , Huang Chi-Yi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An X-ray phosphor screen is a standard component at beamlines of Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). It responds to x-rays, re-emitting the energy as visible light. This screen is used as a tool for the coarse alignment of the synchrotron beam. The development of TPS beamlines proceeds to Phase III. Based on the user feedback of Phases I and II, we redesigned the x-ray phosphor screen and utilized it as a fourth screen at beamline TPS 19A. It has a greater ratio of signal to noise than the existing screens and was successfully commissioned in 2021. We plan to introduce it at TPS phase-III beamlines.
Highly Charged Ions for High-Resolution Soft X-ray Grating Monochromator Optimisation
Authors: Hoesch Moritz , Seltmann Jörn , Trinter Florian , Kühn Steffen , Togawa Moto , Steinbrügge René , Bernitt Sonja , Crespo López-Urrutia José R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The energy-resolving performance of a synchrotron radiation monochromator can be characterised by measuring the fluorescence response of a gas in scans across characteristic absorption lines. Here, we describe a method using exceptionally narrow absorption features in the soft x-ray range. The features belong to helium-like ions and examples of the transition 1s → 2p in O6+ and Ne8+ are shown. We describe the instrument PolarX-EBIT and show typical data. A performance with ten times sharper effective feature width, when compared to neutral-gas absorption features, is demonstrated.
Measurement and calculation of scattered Synchrotron Radiation processes at the KARA visible light beamline
Authors: Batchelor D R , Blomley E , Huttel E , Hagelstein M , Mochihashi A , Schuh M , Simon R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
At KARA a visible light diagnostic beamline is in use to analyse the stored electron beam. Synchrotron light is deflected 90 degrees upwards by a cooled copper mirror, passes through a Quartz UHV window and is then reflected back into the horizontal plane but sideways through a hole in the wall to the diagnostics. Based on experience from similar Infrared beamlines no significant radiation (doserates larger than 0.5µSv/hr) was expected. Nevertheless, a higher radiation level exists but can be shielded with 0.3mm Aluminium foil or 2.0mm of Pyrex reducing the rate to an acceptable level. The presence of the radiation led to further investigation by experiment and calculation. A custom setup using a silicon drift detector (SDD) for energy dispersive spectroscopy showed the radiation to be predominantly Copper K-alpha and is confirmed by FLUKA and other calculations of the scattered Synchrotron radiation.
Efficient Coherent Mode Decomposition for Physical Optics Simulations of Beamlines and Experiments
Authors: Li Ruizi , Chubar Oleg 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present simulations of the partially coherent undulator radiation (UR) propagation through several hard X-ray beamlines at NSLS-II, performed with SRW code, adopting two different memory- and CPU-efficient strategies / algorithms for the coherent mode decomposition (CMD). One of these algorithms employs the subtraction of quadratic phase terms from 4D cross spectral density (CSD) at a non-zero radius of the radiation wavefront curvature, whereas the other one applies the CMD at / near a radiation beam waist, where the radiation wavefront is typically “flat”. We show that, when performing the CMD on the 4D CSD of the partially coherent radiation wavefront, the required numbers of grid points of radiation meshes are largely reduced in both cases, compared to standard approaches. This dramatically reduces memory requirements (from TBs typically to several GBs) and improves the time-to-solution of the decomposed modes (from many hours at a parallel execution to several minutes at a sequential execution). Thanks to the implemented algorithms, the propagation simulations of tens or hundreds of thousands coherent wavefronts generated by independent electrons for an undulator-based X-ray beamline at a low- or intermediate- emittance synchrotron light source is reduced to the simulation of over fewer than one thousand major coherent modes obtained from the CMD, which fully recovers the structure of the partially coherent UR before and after the propagation through a beamline. The efficiency and accuracy of the methods is further demonstrated with simulations for two hard X-ray NSLS-II beamlines: HXN and CHX.
Development of CoRDIA: an Imaging Detector for next-generation Synchrotron Rings and Free Electron Lasers
Authors: Marras A , Klujev A , Lange S , Laurus T , Pennicard D , Trunk U , Wunderer C B , Hafiane M L , Hemperek T , Kamilaris T , Krueger H , Wang T , Graafsma H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An x-ray imager is being developed for use in diffraction-limited synchrotron rings and continuous wave free electron lasers. The imager is named CoRDIA (COntinuous Readout Digitising Imager Array) and aims at achieving continuous operation at a frame rate in excess of 100kHz. Other goals include single-photon sensitivity at 12 keV (or below), a full well in excess of 10k photon/pixel/image, and a 100μm pixel pitch. The detector ASIC will be compatible with multiple sensor materials to cover different energy ranges. Exploratory prototypes of the readout ASIC (basic circuital blocks) have been manufactured in TSMC 65nm technology: they are presently under test.
Recent progress in high resolution X-ray customised detection systems
Authors: Vacchi A , Cirrincione D , Altissimo M , Antonelli M , Aquilanti G , Bellutti P , Bertuccio G , Borghi G , Carlomagno I , Cautero G , Ficorella F , Gandola M , Gianoncelli A , Giuressi D , Kourousias G , Mele F , Menk R H , Olivi L , Orzan G , Picciotto A , Rachevski A , Rashevskaya I , Stebel L , Zampa G , Zampa N , Zorzi N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The results of a collaborative development activity aimed to the realization of multi-cell detectors based on monolithic SDD pixel technology will be described. Two kind of detection systems, skilled for the light lines at synchrotrons, have been brought to high levels of finalization and integration; a 64 cells detection system dedicated to absorption spectroscopy (XAFS) and a 32 cells detector for the X-ray microscopy (TwinMic). The main targets of this effort, led in a tight collaboration with the beam lines scientists, were large sensitive area, high rate capabilities, state of the art efficiency and energy resolution. The aim is to reduce the beam time demand for each single measurement while delivering a cutting edge analytical power.
All basic elements of those detection systems, from the detector’s design and production to the front-end and read-out electronics including the final engineering of the integrated system were customized to the specific use addressed.
Digital signal processing algorithms for energy dispersive x-rays detectors
Authors: Adeel Sarmad , Tolkiehn Martin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Alternative to the traditional analog methods, several digital data preprocessing, shaping and postprocessing techniques have been investigated for the improvement in energy resolution of energy dispersive x-rays detectors. Initial experimental results show that by preprocessing the data, better energy resolution can be obtained at shorter shaping times; thus, it will allow good energy and time resolution at high count rates.