bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Response of the Pixelated CZT SPECT Imaging System and Comparison with the Conventional SPECT System
Authors: Noori-Asl Mahsa , Sayyah-Koohi Pooneh 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the response of the pixelated CZT SPECT imaging systems and to compare the performance of these systems with the conventional SPECT imaging systems.

Materials and Methods:
By using the simulation technique, the effect of applied voltage, gap size between the anode pixels, and electron cloud mobility on the response of a pixelated CZT SPECT system are investigated. Then, the response of this system is compared with the conventional SPECT system in both single- and dual-radioisotope imaging.

Results:
The results of this study show that increasing the applied voltage, electron cloud mobility or decreasing the gap size, in the optimal range of these parameters obtained in this study, leads to reducing the lateral charge diffusion and consequently improving the probability of the complete charge collection by the target anode pixel. In dual-radioisotope imaging by the pixelated CZT SPECT system, although higher energy resolution results in better separation of photopeaks, the presence of a low-energy tail leads to an overestimation of counts in the low-energy photopeak.

Conclusion:
The use of the optimal values for the applied voltage, gap size, and electron cloud mobility strongly affect the performance of the pixelated CZT SPECT systems. In addition, the presence of a tail restricts the use of these systems for dual-radioisotope imaging and also, the use of the conventional methods for scatter correction.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Image-Based Segmentation of Brain Tumor Using the Modified Transfer Learning Method
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Singh Benoy Kumar , Kumar Anuj 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
The goal of this study was to improve overall brain tumor segmentation (BraTS) accuracy. In this study, a form of convolutional neural network called three-dimensional (3D) U-Net was utilized to segment various tumor regions on brain 3D magnetic resonance imaging images using a transfer learning technique.

Materials and Methods:
The dataset used for this study was obtained from the multimodal BraTS challenge. The total number of studies was 2240, obtained from BraTS 2018, BraTS 2019, BraTS 2020, and BraTS 2021 challenges, and each study had five series: T1, contrast-enhanced-T1, Flair, T2, and segmented mask file (seg), all in Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative (NIFTI) format. The proposed method employs a 3D U-Net that was trained separately on each of the four datasets by transferring weights across them.

Results:
The overall training accuracy, validation accuracy, mean dice coefficient, and mean intersection over union achieved were 99.35%, 98.93%, 0.9875%, and 0.8738%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The proposed method for tumor segmentation outperforms the existing method.
Study of Anxiety Among Medical Teachers About the Recent Change in “Publication-Based Faculty Promotions” as Per the National Medical Commission Guidelines 2022
Authors: Gowardhan Atul Kawaduji , Bagade Priya Manohar 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Primarily collegiate promotions, placement retention, professional progress, and career mobility of any medical fraternity are determined by the growth in their research productivity. Universities and medical institutes also recruit and promote those academicians who have voluminous resume with ample number of publications. However, the mandatory criteria for article publication and the frequent changes made in them, challenge the medical professionals and create a sense of anxiety and insecurity in them about their future prospects. This study aims at screening these medical academicians, for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in response to the recent change in "Minimum Teachers Eligibility Qualifications in Medical Institutions Regulations" as per the National Medical Commission (NMC) guidelines 2022.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional pilot study conducted in two medical institutes including 76 medical teachers due for their promotions. Knowledge and anxiety towards the recent change in "Minimum Teachers Eligibility Qualifications in Medical Institutions Regulations" as per the NMC guidelines 2022 was assessed by the GAD-7 scoring system with help of a questionnaire. The medical professionals were grouped into minimal, mild, moderate, and severe anxiety depending on their GAD-7 score.

Results:
Hundred percent of medical teachers were aware of the recent changes in the promotion criteria laid down by the NMC in February 2022. 31.57% and 34.78% of medical professionals were found to have mild and moderate anxiety respectively about the promotion criteria. Although less, but 15% of them were screened to be severely anxious about the same matter.

Conclusion:
All the study participants were updated about the recent changes in the promotion criteria put forward by NMC in February 2022 but this revision has created a sense of apprehension and uncertainty among the medical professionals regarding their due promotions.
Behavioural sleep problems in children
Authors: Ting Chun Yi , Thomas Biju 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Behavioural sleep problems are very common in children and are concerns for many parents. This review discusses normal sleep physiology and sleep development and focuses on common behavioural sleep problems in childhood, including behavioural insomnia of childhood, parasomnias and sleep-related movement disorders, highlighting their clinical features and management. Behavioural insomnia of childhood is characterised by learned difficulties in falling asleep and/or staying asleep. Management includes establishing bedtime routines and behavioural techniques. Parasomnias include confusional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep terrors and nightmares, and these usually resolve with time. Management includes parental reassurance and behavioural interventions such as scheduled awakening. With regards to sleep enuresis, management includes behavioural modifications, enuresis alarm and desmopressin. Sleep-related movement disorders include sleep-related bruxism and sleep-related rhythmic movements, of which body rocking is the most common. Early identification and management of behavioural sleep problems may prevent their negative impact on children as well as their families.
Una perspectiva comunicacional y psicológica de la acción social constructivista
Authors: Pitti Ronald 
Published: January 2023

Para que ocurra acción social debe aparecer en escena un elemento indispensable: el ser humano involucrado, interesado en resolver situaciones y problemas que afectan su condición de tal para un alcance significativo de sus realizaciones personales y sociales.
Al tomar la psicología como objeto de estudio individuos concretos, se encuentra ante sujetos con una visión del mundo básicamente individual y que para involucrarse en el contexto de acción social, deben agruparse, organizarse y relacionarse en diversos estratos sociales jugando diversos papeles que pueden ser activos, conscientes y creativos, o al menos parecen serlo. Esta interacción involucra procesos de conciencia, sentimientos y acción comunicativa.
Análisis de un periodismo de datos al servicio de la propaganda política. Caso del diario La Rioja
Authors: Mateos Martín Concha 
Published: January 2023

En "Teoría de la segregación de públicos al servicio de la propaganda política" desarrollamos la primera parte de este análisis. En aquella describimos conceptualmente un proceso con el que se segregaba a los lectores de periódicos y secciones especializadas y generalistas. Con ello dejamos trazado el marco en el que encuadrar ahora el análisis de las páginas que el diario regional La Rioja dedica a informar sobre la evolución de los precios dentro de su sección de asuntos generales de la comunidad autónoma (sección Región).
La prensa en la Era Digital Estrategias periodísticas para fidelizar a los lectores y generar nuevas fuentes de ingresos a lo largo de toda la cadena de valor
Authors: Rojo Villada Pedro Antonio 
Published: January 2023

Aunque los periódicos ya cuentan con una sólida posición en sus respectivos mercados locales, muchos de ellos tienen dificultades para mantener el volumen de ventas y generar mayores márgenes de beneficio debido a la fuerte competencia procedente de los nuevos medios interactivos (portales, directorios, buscadores, weblogs) y de las publicaciones gratuitas. Estos nuevos competidores representan una seria amenaza para los lectores de la prensa.
Para mantener e incrementar sus ventas los diarios tienen que aprovechar sus atributos más valiosos, o sea, el contenido, la afinidad a lo local y las nuevas posibilidades de distribución. Estas fortalezas permiten a los diarios concentrarse en cuatro ámbitos claves: el desarrollo de productos, el marketing de la marca, el valor añadido y el factor humano para aumentar su calidad y mantener un prestigio secular, combatiendo la amenaza de sus rivales.
Performance Investigations of the Charging and Discharging Processes in a 3-Tank Thermal Energy Storage System
Authors: Tusiime Swalehe , Nyeinga Karidewa , Okello Denis , Nydal Ole J. 
Published: January 2023

The paper presents a 3 tank thermal energy storage system. The system consists of cold oil reservoir, heat storage tank, and a residual drainage tank. Cold oil flows by gravity into a heating chamber and after being heated to the required temperature, a mechanical thermostat opens allowing the hot oil to flow into a heat storage tank. The storage tank was discharged through the cooking unit by boiling 0.5 litres of water. The used oil flowed by gravity to the drainage tank. The discharge flow rates of 0.5, 2.1, 2.8 and 6.5 g/s were considered. A charging efficiency of 51.3% and overall discharging efficiency range of 15.3 34.7% were achieved. Charging efficiency increased when the source was embedded in the storage tank. The instantaneous discharge power had a peak value for each flow rate. The adopted cooking unit had a thermal transfer efficiency range of 34.7 57.6%. A method for sizing oil based TES systems was proposed and illustrated based on the obtained discharge results.
Keywords: 3-tank, sizing, discharging, efficiency, thermal energy
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Urinary Schistosomiasis-Related Morbidity among Communities in Itilima District, Tanzania
Authors: Yohana Coletha , Kinung’hi Safari M. , Nyundo Bruno A. , Rambau Peter F. , Bakuza Jared S. 
Published: January 2023

Long-term infections by urinary schistosomiasis can result in urinary tract morbidities and increase the threats to public health. Information on the community’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on various aspects of urinary schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma haematobium has been lacking in Itilima District, which is likely to perpetuate the transmission of the disease and its negative health consequences. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices on schistosomiasis-related morbidities in Itilima District from February to June 2021. A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire was used, and a total of 657 participants were involved in the study. A total of 575 participants (87.5%) had awareness on schistosomiasis compared to 82 (12.5%) who were not aware of the disease, and this variation was statistically significant (x² = 369.938, DF = 1, p < 0.001). The relationship between urinary schistosomiasis and its related morbidities was known by 111 (16.9%) respondents, while 546 (83.1%) knew nothing about it, and this variation was also statistically significant (c2 = 388.166, DF = 1, p < 0.001). It can be concluded that knowledge of urinary schistosomiasis and its related morbidities among the communities was limited. This is possibly because knowledge of infection stages of S. haematobium that causes the morbidity requires an understanding of disease etiology. Therefore, this study recommends that interventions to impart knowledge on schistosomiasis and the associated morbidities should be implemented in Itilima District.
Keywords: Schistosomiasis, Urinary tract morbidity, Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices, Itilima District
Determination of Sugars, Amino Acids, pH and Alcohol in Bamboo Beverage from Southern Highlands, Tanzania
Authors: Kaale Lilian D. 
Published: January 2023

The amounts of sugars and amino acids play significant roles in defining the fermentation process and quantifying the alcohol levels in beverages, while pH affects the biological stability, colour, oxidation rate, and protein stability of alcoholic beverages. This study investigated the sugar content, amino acids, alcohol levels, and pH of bamboo beverage from Tanzania's southern highlands. During storage, the sugars significantly decreased (p < 0.05), especially when kept at room temperature from 52.96 to 0.00 (source 1), 53.35 to 0.00 (source 2) and 53.57 to 0.00 (source 3) g/L for fructose, from 47.93 to 14.78 (source 1), 47.23 to 14.91 (source 2) and 47.61 to 14.77 (source 3) g/L for glucose, and from 0.40 to 0.00 (source 1), 0.36 to 0.00 (source 2) and 0.37 to 0.00 (source 3) g/L for sucrose after six days of storage. A total of 15 amino acids were determined from the bamboo beverage with tyrosine being the most prevalent (597.68 mg/L for source 1, 599.44 mg/L for source 2 and 597.83 mg/L for source 3), followed by valine (261.13 mg/L for source 1, 261.24 mg/L for source 2 and 262.54 mg/L for source 3), threonine (76.69 mg/L for source 1, 76.91 mg/L for source 2 and 77.13 mg/L for source 3), and serine (66.37 mg/L for source 1, 67.23 mg/L for source 2 and 66.68 mg/L for source 3). After six days of storage at room temperature, there was a significant decrease in pH from 4.04 to 3.63. Alcohol content ranged from 3.11 to 9.05% v/v at the room temperature storage. These results might facilitate the optimal use of bamboo beverages, which have been neglected due to lack of scientific information such as amino acid and sugar levels.
Keywords: Bamboo beverage, ulanzi, amino acids, sugars, alcohol content
Phytochemical and Antibacterial Evaluations of Chloroform Extract of Mondia whitei (Hook F) skeels
Authors: Shehu Abdullahi , Egwemi Ojochide Inikpi , Ajayi Olufunmilayo Adeola , Hamid Abdulmumeen Amao 
Published: January 2023

Mondia whitei, also known as Mondia, is an aromatic plant of Apocynaceae family. It is used as aphrodisiac, antidepressant, fertility medication and to improve appetite. The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of the plant. The chloroform extract of M. whitei was screened for its antibacterial effects using agar diffusion method against five bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi). The extract was active against S. typhi, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus at 400, 400 and 200 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the extract was observed in a dose-dependent manner and was compared with standard antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, phlobatannins and phytosterols. The GC-MS analysis of the extract afforded seventeen (17) compounds with major components being n-hexadecanoic acid (23.80%). The exhibited antibacterial activities justify the ethnomedicinal uses of M. whitei root.
Keywords: Mondia whitei, GC-MS, Antibacterial activity, Phytochemical
Spatial Analysis of Groundwater Potential: A first hand Approach towards Groundwater Development in Moroto District, Uganda
Authors: Lowot Musa W. , Alexander Augustina C. 
Published: January 2023

Groundwater is a vital resource that helps mankind and development. However, in Moroto District challenges of groundwater development has increased arising from changes in rainfall patterns coupled with high abstraction from population increase. In this study, the spatial variability of groundwater potential was assessed to develop a tool that will aid decision on groundwater potential sites selection for groundwater development/exploration. The study utilized an integrated technique and tools such as Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in analysis and delineation of potential areas for successful groundwater development. The generated map through weighted overlay of thematic layers (slope, soil, lithology, rainfall, land use and land cover) produced five categories of potential zones indicating 90% (i.e., 35% very high, 40% high and 15% moderate) of the study area to be suitable for groundwater development and only 10% (i.e., 2% poor and 8% very poor) exists as poor groundwater potential zones. Maps produced from this study can hence be used to identify appropriate sites for groundwater development, and therefore minimizing unsuccessful boreholes development.
Keywords: GIS; Groundwater Development; Groundwater Potential; MCDA; Spatial Analysis.
Impacts of Climate Change on Small Pelagic Fish Catches in the Coastal Artisanal Fishers Communities of Tanzania
Authors: Kapapa Lyidia , Onyango Paul , Mukherjee Nibedita , Mfilinge Prosper 
Published: January 2023

Climate-related effects occur across all regions in Tanzania, affecting primary sectors such as agriculture and fishing. This study investigated the impacts of climatic change on small pelagic catches in fishers in Kilindoni, Kipumbwi and Kilwa Kivinje villages along the Tanzanian coast. We studied how changes in rainfall, sea surface temperature, wind speed and chlorophyll a affect small pelagic fisheries using primary and secondary data. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied. Primary data collection involved questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Secondary data was obtained from Tanzania Meteorological Agency and remote sensing from Modi's sensor. Results showed an increase in sea surface temperature (tau = 0.0151, 0.0121, 0.0238 for Kilindoni, Kilwa Kivinje and Kipumbwi, respectively) and unpredictable changes in rainfall patterns which affected small pelagic fisheries. The average rainfall was 284.6, 97.5 and 56.4 mm in Kilindoni, Kilwa Kivinje and Kipumbwi, respectively. In recent years, rain has been unreliable compared to the past 20 years. Unpredictable rainfall, increased sea surface temperature, wind speed and chlorophyll a had negatively impacted the small pelagic fishery. There was a strong relationship between the decline of small pelagic catches and climatic variables. The findings of this study have implications for coastal fisher's livelihood, income and food security.
Keywords: Coastal communities; small pelagic fishery; climate change; fisheries; livelihood
Quantifying the Effects of Guessing, Position Bias and Prior Knowledge in Multiple Choice Exams
Authors: Maguya Almasi S. 
Published: January 2023

“Can an examinee pass a multiple-choice (MC) exam by chance?” Many studies have tried to address this question. However, these studies ignore different types of position bias associated with picking an item from a list. Despite the presence of considerable evidence on the existence of position bias in guessing answers in MC exams, these studies assume an examinee chooses answers with equal probability. This paper seeks to fill this gap by quantifying the chance of success in MC exams due to guessing when different types of position bias and prior knowledge are taken into consideration. The paper proposes a probabilistic model for position bias and uses it to conduct a series of computer simulations for quantifying the chance of passing an MC exam. Results show that the chance of passing an MC exam by pure random guessing is generally negligible even for a poorly set MC exam. Furthermore, resultsshow that chances for an examinee with a fair amount of prior knowledge passing an MC exam of acceptable standard are between very high and perfect. Since a typical examinee is expected to possess some amount of prior knowledge, these results imply that despite their popularity, MCexams should be avoided particularly in high-stake exams where they can lead to false positives.
Keywords: Multiple-choice exams; multiple-choice questions; position bias; computer simulation.
Gastro-intestinal stromal tumor (GIST): Experience from a tertiary care center in a low resource country
Authors: Siddiqui M. Tayyab H. , Inam Pal K. M , Shaukat Fatima , Fatima Aliza , Babar Pal K. M , Abbasy Jibran , Shazad Noman 
Published: January 2023

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to review the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of GISTs treated surgically at our center over the past decade.
Material and Methods: We undertook a 12-year retrospective review of our experience in treating this condition with a focus on long-term outcomes of treated patients in a resource-constrained environment. Incomplete follow-up information continues to be a major problem with studies conducted in low resource settings, and in order to overcome this, we undertook telephonic contact with patients or their relatives to get the necessary information about their clinical status.
Results: Fifty-seven patients with GIST underwent surgical resection during this period of time. The stomach was the most common organ involved in the disease, with 74% of the patients. Surgical resection was the main treatment approach, with R0 resection possible in 88%. Nine percent of the patients were given Imatinib as neoadjuvant treatment and 61% were offered the same, as adjuvant therapy. The duration of adjuvant treatment changed from one year to three years over the study period. Pathological risk assessment categorized the patients as Stage I, 33%; Stage II, 19%; Stage III, 39%; and Stage IV, 9%. Of the 40 patients who were at least three years from surgery, 35 were traceable giving an 87.5%, overall three-year survival. Thirty-one patients (77.5%) were confirmed to be disease-free at three years.
Conclusion: This is the first report of mid-long-term outcomes of the multimodality treatment of GIST from Pakistan. Upfront surgery continues to be the main modality. OS & DFS in resource-poor environments can be similar to those seen in a better-structured healthcare setting.