bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and practice of road safety measures among motor-bikers in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Das Sadhan Kumar , Tamannur Tahazid , Nesa Arifatun , Noman Abdullah Al , Dey Piue , Kundu Shuvojit Kumar , Sultana Hafiza , Riaz Baizid Khoorshid , Islam ANM Shamsul , Sharower Golam , Dhar Bablu Kumar , Rahman Mohammad Meshbahur 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionRoad traffic accidents (RTAs) including motorbike accidents are the leading cause of death for teenagers between 15 and 29 and have been a serious concern in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of knowledge and practice on road safety measures among motorbikers in Bangladesh.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022 among 350 motor-bikers of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh via a series of face-to-face interviews. Motor bikers who regularly ride a motorcycle were interviewed about their road rafety knowledge and practices through two-stage cluster sampling technique. Frequency distribution, independent sample t-test, and One-way ANOVA were performed.ResultsOut of the 350 motorbikers, only 54.6% had good knowledge and 16.9% had poor knowledge on the signs and safety regulations of roads. Moreover, only 50.6% of respondents followed good practices while 23.4% followed poor practices of road safety measures. One way ANOVA analysis demonstrates that the average knowledge score was significantly (p<0.05) higher among higher-educated, unmarried and non-smokers. Additionally, higher education level, non-smoking status and being Muslim were significantly (P<0.05) associated with good road safety practices.ConclusionsThe overall good knowledge level and practices of road safety measures among the motorbikers were not satisfactory albeit the majority of them knew individual signs and regulations. Therefore, this study suggests that education and strict enforcement of traffic rules may increase their knowledge and practice behavior regarding road safety which in turn would minimize traffic injuries and fatalities.
Bioinformatics Unravels the Epigenetic Mechanisms of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: Deciphering Molecular Complexity
Authors: de Oliveira Andrade Luis Jesuino , de Oliveira Luís Matos , de Oliveira Luisa Correia Matos , de Oliveira Gabriela Correia Matos 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionRecent research in the field of epigenetics has shed light on the impact of epigenetic modifications in the development and progression of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). However, the epigenetic roles in HT are still not fully elucidated.ObjectiveTo exhibit anin silicorepresentation of the epigenetic mechanism in HT development and explicate their function in the pathogenesis of the ailment.MethodsGenetic data were retrieved from GEO database (NCBI) for DNA methylation assessment through bioinformatics. We evaluated 6 HT samples from GSE29315 dataset. Normalization of the data was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Standardization of all expression data was accomplished using the R programming language. The R package was employed for the analysis of DEGs. Genes exhibiting an expression fold change greater than 4 and a P-value less than 0.05 were considered to be DEGs.ResultsThe expression data from the 6 HT specimens in GSE29315 (GSM724489, GSM724490, GSM724491, GSM724492, GSM724493, GSM724494) were patterned. In total, 71 DEGs, including 63 positively regulated genes and 7 negatively regulated genes, were identified. An expression density plot was used to display the clustering of DEGs, and average log-expression was constructed to visually display all DEGs in the HT sample. In thein silicosimulation of the methylated regions in gene GSE29315, we identify specific CpG sites within the analyzed regions that showed significant methylation changes: Region 1 - Promoter Region: CpG site 1: Hypomethylated (40% methylation), CpG site 2: Hypomethylated (35% methylation), and CpG site 3: Hypomethylated (38% methylation); Region 2 - Enhancer Region: CpG site 4: Hypermethylated (80% methylation). CpG site 5: Hypermethylated (75% methylation), and CpG site 6: Hypermethylated (85% methylation); Region 3 - Transcription Start Site: CpG site 7: Hypomethylated (30% methylation), CpG site 8: Hypomethylated (25% methylation), and CpG site 9: Hypomethylated (28% methylation); Region 4 - Intronic Region: CpG site 10: Hypermethylated (70% methylation), CpG site 11: Hypermethylated (65% methylation), and CpG site 12: Hypermethylated (75% methylation.ConclusionOur analysis of the GSE29315 gene revealed significant hypermethylation in specific regions, which could lead to gene silencing or altered gene expression. Additionally, we identified regions of hypomethylation that may upregulate gene activity.
Trend, multivariate decomposition and spatial distribution of perinatal mortality in Ethiopia using further analysis of EDHS 2005-2016
Authors: Agimas Muluken Chanie , Kefale Demewoz , Tesfie Tigabu Kidie , Kefale Demewoz , Necho Worku , Munye Tigabu , Abeje Gedefaw , Tesfahun Yohannes , Simegn Amare , kassaw Amare , Zeleke Shegaw , Demis Solomon , Hailemeskel Habtamu Shimels 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPerinatal mortality is the global health problem, especially Ethiopia has the highest perinatal mortality rate. Studies about perinatal mortality were conducted in Ethiopia, but which factors specifically contribute to the change in perinatal mortality across time is unknown.ObjectivesTo assess the trend, multivariate decomposition and spatial analysis of perinatal mortality in Ethiopia using EDHS 2005 to 2016.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study design was used. EDHS 2005-2016 data was used and weighting has been applied to adjust the difference in the probability of selection. Logit based multivariate decomposition analysis was used using STATA version 14.1. Moran’s I statistics using ArcGIS was also used to identify the significant clustering of perinatal mortality.ResultThe trend of perinatal mortality in Ethiopia decreased from 37 per 1000 births in 2005 to 33 per 1000 births in 2016. About 83.3% of the decrease in perinatal mortality in the survey was attributed to the difference in the endowment (composition) of the women. Among the differences in the endowment, the difference in the composition of ANC visits, take TT vaccine, urban residence, occupation, secondary education, birth attendant significantly decreased the perinatal mortality in the last 10 years. Among the differences in coefficients, skilled birth attendant significantly decreased the perinatal mortality. The spatial distribution of perinatal mortality was randomly distributed.ConclusionThe perinatal mortality in Ethiopia has declined over time. Variables like ANC visit, taking TT vaccine, urban residence, have occupation, secondary education and skilled birth attendant reduce perinatal mortality. Perinatal mortality was distributed randomly in Ethiopia. To reduce perinatal mortality more, scaling-up the maternal and newborn health services has a critical role.
Healthcare Providers’ Satisfaction and associated factors with clinical laboratory service at government hospitals in Southwest Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Asaye Sintayehu , Alemu Getachew , Gebre Dejene , Teshager Lule , Yadesa Girma 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare providers are vital clients of the clinical laboratory. Problems in laboratory services have a significant impact on healthcare providers’ diagnosis, intervention, or prevention strategies during patient healthcare. Healthcare providers’ satisfaction wasn’t assessed in the study area. So, the study aimed to evaluate their satisfaction, which helps improve laboratory services and serves as a prerequisite for accreditation.The study aims to assess healthcare providers’ satisfaction associated factors with laboratory services among all government hospitals in the southwest Shewa zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia 2022.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 314 healthcare providers from June to July 2022. Healthcare providers who met the eligibility criteria and volunteers were included. Before being exported to SPSS version 25, the data were coded and entered into Epi Data version 3.1 for completeness checks. After descriptive statistics were performed, variables were subjected to bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify associated variables, and variables with a p. value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Finally, the results were shown in the text and table.ResultsAccording to the study, 54 % of healthcare providers were satisfied with laboratory services. The assistance of the lab. Handbook (AOR=1.676, 95% CI=1.002, 2.801), notification of the change in services (AOR=1.735, 95% CI=1.029, 2.925), getting urgent test results in time (AOR=2.349, 95% CI=1.39, 3.68), courtesy of lab. Staff (AOR=1.924, 95% CI=1.115, 3.321), reliable/quality of lab. result (AOR=3.69, 95% CI= 2.083, 6.538), and consistency of laboratory quality services (AOR=1.706, 95% CI=1.012, 2.875) were factors significantly related to satisfaction.ConclusionAbout half of the healthcare providers were dissatisfied with laboratory services. Therefore, to increase the satisfaction of healthcare providers’ hospital administrative and laboratory staff, they should work together on the identified factors. In order to determine overall clients’ satisfaction with laboratory services, an assessment of patient satisfaction will be required
Responses of the hyper-diverse community of canopy-dwelling Hymenoptera to oak decline
Authors: Le Souchu E. , Cours J. , Cochenille T. , Bouget C. , Bankhead-Dronnet S. , Braet Y. , Burguet P. , Gabard C. , Galkowski C. , Gereys B. , Herbrecht F. , Joncour B. , Marhic E. , Michez D. , Buhl P. Neerup , Noblecourt T. , Notton D. G. , Penigot W. , Rasplus J.-Y. , Robert T. , Staverlokk A. , Vincent-Barbaroux C. , Sallé A. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTForest decline and dieback are growing phenomena worldwide, resulting in severe, large-scale degradation of the canopy. This can profoundly alter the provision of trophic resources and microhabitats for canopy-dwelling arthropods.In 2019, we assessed the effect of oak decline on the community of canopy-dwelling Hymenoptera. We selected 21 oak stands, and 42 plots, located in three forests in France, presenting contrasting levels of decline. Insects were sampled at the canopy level with green multi-funnel and flight-interception traps.We collected a particularly diverse community of 19,289 insect individuals belonging to 918 taxa, ten larval trophic guilds and five nesting guilds.Oak decline had no effect on the abundance or richness of the overall community, but significantly reshaped the community assemblages. Decline had contrasting effects depending on the taxa and guilds considered. Specialist parasitoids were more abundant at intermediate levels of decline severity while generalists were negatively affected. Taxa depending on ground-related resources and microhabitats were promoted. Saproxylic taxa were more abundant while xylophagous insects were negatively impacted.Reduced leaf area index promoted several guilds, and the diversity of the overall community. While an increasing tree mortality rate enhanced the abundance and diversity of deadwood resources, it had negative impacts on several Hymenoptera guilds. Our results suggest that micro-environmental changes at the ground-level due to canopy decline have major cascading effects on the communities of canopy-dwelling Hymenoptera.Our study highlights the relevance of studying Hymenoptera communities to investigate the outcomes of disturbances on forest biodiversity.
Depletion of alloreactive B cells by chimeric alloantigen receptor T cells with drug resistance to prevent antibody-mediated rejection in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Dragon Anna C. , Bonifacius Agnes , Verboom Murielle , Hudecek Michael , Figueiredo Constanca , Blasczyk Rainer , Eiz-Vesper Britta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the present study, we developed a novel cell therapy approach to selectively combat antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), a major and unresolved complication after solid organ transplantation (SOT) caused by donor-HLA-specific, alloreactive B cells. Current treatment options including B-cell depletion protocols are inefficient and result in complete loss of humoral immunity. To selectively eliminate alloreactive B cells characterized by corresponding anti-donor-HLA B-cell receptors (BCRs), we engineered T cells with a novel chimeric receptor comprising a truncated HLA molecule fused to intracellular 4-1BB/CD3ξ signaling domains to generate T cells overcoming rejection by antibodies (CORA-Ts). As proof-of-concept, CORA receptors based on HLA-A*02 were shown to bind anti-HLA-A*02 antibodies from the serum of kidney transplant recipients, indicating their suitability to also target the respective membrane-bound anti-HLA-A*02 BCRs on alloreactive B cells. In co-cultures with B-cell lines expressing and releasing anti-HLA-A*02 antibodies, CORA-Ts were specifically activated, released pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IFN-γ, granzyme B), and exhibited strong cytotoxicity resulting in an effective reduction of anti-HLA-A*02 antibody release. A modification of the HLA-A*02 α3-domain within the CORA receptor effectively abrogated T-cell sensitization. Additionally, using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of a selected binding protein, CORA-Ts were able to resist immunosuppressive treatment to ensure high efficiency in transplant patients. Our results demonstrate that CORA-Ts are able to specifically recognize and eliminate alloreactive B cells, and thus selectively prevent formation of anti-HLA antibodies even under immunosuppressive conditions. This suggests CORA-Ts as potent novel approach to specifically combat AMR and improve long-term graft survival in SOT patients while preserving their overall B-cell immunity.
Opposing functions of glutamatergic inputs between the globus pallidus external segment and substantia nigra pars reticulata
Authors: Yoshida Atsushi , Hikosaka Okihide 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThe indirect pathway of the basal ganglia, including the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus external segment (GPe), is believed to play a crucial role in suppressing involuntary movements. However, recent evidence suggests the STN and GPe also facilitate voluntary movements. This study hypothesized that excitatory inputs from the STN to the GPe contribute to this facilitation, and that excitatory projections to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) are involved in the inhibition. To disrupt the STN-GPe or STN-SNr projections in monkeys during choice and fixation tasks, glutamate receptor inhibitors were injected into the GPe or SNr, which induced delayed saccade latencies toward good choices in the choice task (GPe) and caused frequent reflexive saccades to objects in the fixation task (SNr). Our findings suggest excitatory inputs to the GPe and SNr work in opposing manners, providing new insights that redefine our understanding of the functions of basal ganglia pathways.HighlightsSTN and GPe neuronal activity increased when good objects were chosenSNr activity increased when rejecting bad objects and decreased when accepting good objectsExcitatory inputs inactivation in the GPe caused delayed saccade to good objectsExcitatory projection inhibition to the SNr suppressed involuntary saccade control
Learning attentional templates for value-based decision-making
Authors: Jahn Caroline I. , Markov Nikola T. , Morea Britney , Ebitz R. Becket , Buschman Timothy J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAttention filters sensory inputs to enhance task-relevant information. It is guided by an ‘attentional template’ that represents the stimulus features that are relevant for the current task. To understand how the brain learns and uses new templates, we trained monkeys to perform a visual search task that required them to repeatedly learn new attentional templates. Neural recordings found templates were represented across prefrontal and parietal cortex in a structured manner, such that perceptually neighboring templates had similar neural representations. When the task changed, a new attentional template was learned by incrementally shifting the template towards rewarded features. Finally, we found attentional templates transformed stimulus features into a common value representation that allowed the same decision-making mechanisms to deploy attention, regardless of the identity of the template. Altogether, our results provide new insight into the neural mechanisms by which the brain learns to control attention and how attention can be flexibly deployed across tasks.
Evidence for ecological tuning of novel anuran biofluorescent signals
Authors: Whitcher Courtney , Ron Santiago R. , Ayala-Varela Fernando , Crawford Andrew , Herrera-Alva Valia , Castillo-Urbina Ernesto , Grazziotin Felipe , Bowman Randi M. , Lemmon Alan R. , Lemmon Emily Moriarty 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOur study assesses the variability of amphibian biofluorescence and provides insight into its potential functions and role in anuran evolution. Via a field survey across South America, we discovered and documented patterns of biofluorescence in tropical amphibians. We more than tripled the number of species that have been tested for this trait and added representatives from previously untested anuran families. We found evidence for ecological tuning (i.e., the specific adaptation of a signal to the environment in which it is received) of the novel anuran biofluorescent signals. Across groups, the fluorescence excitation peak matches the wavelengths most available at twilight, the light environment in which most frog species are active. Additionally, biofluorescence emission spans both wavelengths of low availability in twilight and the peak sensitivity of green-sensitive rods in the anuran eye, likely increasing contrast of this signal for a conspecific receiver. With evidence of tuning to the ecology and sensory systems of frogs, our results suggest frog biofluorescence is likely functioning in anuran communication.
Population genetics ofGlossina palpalis gambiensisin the sleeping sickness focus of Boffa (Guinea) before and after eight years of vector control: no effect of control despite a significant decrease of human exposure to the disease
Authors: Kagbadouno Moise S. , Séré Modou , Ségard Adeline , Camara Abdoulaye Dansy , Camara Mamadou , Bucheton Bruno , Bart Jean-Mathieu , Courtin Fabrice , de Meeûs Thierry , Ravel Sophie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman African trypanosomosis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is still a major concern in endemic countries. Its cyclical vector are biting insects of the genusGlossinaor tsetse flies. In Guinea, the mangrove ecosystem contains the main HAT foci of Western Africa. There, the cyclical vector isGlossina palpalis gambiensis. A still ongoing vector control campaign (VCC) started in 2011 in the focus of Boffa, using tiny targets, with a 79% tsetse density reduction in 2016 and significant impact on the prevalence of the disease (from 0.3% in 2011 to 0.11% in 2013, 0.0352% in 2016 and 0.0097% in 2019). To assess the sustainability of these results, we have studied the impact of this VCC on the population biology ofG. p. gambiensisin Boffa. We used the genotyping at 11 microsatellite markers and population genetic tools of tsetse flies from different sites and at different dates before and after the beginning of the VCC. In variance with a significant impact of VCC on the apparent densities of flies captured in the traps deployed, the global population ofG. p. gambiensisdisplayed no variation of the sex-ratio, no genetic signature of control, and behaved as a very large population occupying the entire zone. This implies that targets deployment efficiently protected the human populations locally, but did not impact tsetse flies where targets cannot be deployed and where the main tsetse population exploits available resources. We thus recommend the pursuit of vector control measures with the same strategy, through the joint effect of VCC and medical surveys and treatments, in order to protect human populations from HAT infections until the disease can be considered as entirely eradicated from the focus.
Laser microdissection, proteomics and multiplex immunohistochemistry: a bumpy ride into the study of paraffin-embedded fetal and pediatric lung tissues
Authors: Cardoso dos Santos L.M. , Avila Y. , Schvartz D. , Rougemont A-L , Bochaton-Piallat M-L , Ruchonnet-Metrailler I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge about lung development or lung disease is mainly derived from data extrapolated from mouse models. This comes with obvious drawbacks in developmental diseases, particularly due to species differences. Our objective is to describe the development of complementary analysis methods that will allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of rare congenital diseases.MethodsParaffin-embedded human pediatric and fetal lung samples were laser microdissected to enrich different lung regions, namely bronchioli or alveoli. These samples were analyzed by data independent acquisition-based quantitative proteomics and lung structures were subsequently compared. To confirm the proteomic data, we employed and optimizedSequentialIMmunoPeroxidaseLabeling andErasing (SIMPLE) staining for specific proteins of interest.ResultsBy quantitative proteomics, we identified typical pulmonary proteins from being differentially expressed in the different regions. While the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), surfactant protein C (SFTPC) were downregulated, tubulin beta 4B (TUBB4B) was upregulated in bronchioli, compared to alveoli. In fetal tissue, CD31 was downregulated in fetal bronchioli, compared to canaliculi. Moreover, we confirmed their presence using SIMPLE staining. Some expected proteins did not show up in the proteomic data, like SOX-9 that was only detected by means of immunohistochemistry in the SIMPLE analysis.ConclusionOur data underlines the robustness and applicability of this type of experimental approach, especially for rare paraffin-embedded tissue samples. It also strengthens the importance of these methods for future studies, in particular, when considering developmental lung diseases, such as congenital lung anomalies.
Improved chromosome-level genome assembly for marigold (Tagetes erecta)
Authors: Jiang Fan , Yuan Lihua , Wang Sen , Wang Hengchao , Xu Dong , Wang Anqi , Fan Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMarigold (Tagetes erectaL.) is a popular ornamental plant of the Asteraceae family, and its petals are considered the most abundant source of lutein. A low-continuity chromosome-level genome sequence of marigold was published recently, with poor annotation of the protein-coding genes, which hinders the studies of lutein biosynthesis. Here, we generated a near telomere-to-telomere level genome assembly of marigold based on highly accurate high-fidelity (HiFi) long reads and Hi-C sequencing data. Compared to the previously reported marigold genome, the current assembly had obviously higher contiguity and higher completeness of gene set. The current genome assembly has a 27-fold increase in contig N50 size, a 12.1% increase in chromosome anchoring rate, and a 9.0% increase in BUSCO complete rate for the gene set. Besides, the current assembly has much fewer assembly errors. Based on this high-quality genome assembly, we found that the 170-bp repeats are the most abundant centromeric unit and all centromeric regions are distributed along the whole chromosomes for all 12 centromeres, indicating the existence of the holocentromeres in marigold. In addition, we analyzed the structure and phylogenetic relationship of the fourPSYgenes, and revealed that these genes have diversified and possibly executed different functions in various tissues. Our near telomere-to-telomere level genome assembly and comprehensive gene annotation will greatly facilitate the breeding of marigold and researches aimed at improving lutein production.