bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brincidofovir: A Novel Agent for the Treatment of Smallpox
Authors: Huston Jessica , Curtis Stacey , Egelund Eric F. 
Published: January 2023

Objective: This article reviews the published data encompassing the development, pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of brincidofovir, a nucleotide analogue DNA polymerase inhibitor developed for the treatment of smallpox. Data Sources: A literature review was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception up to December 2022, using terms Tembexa, brincidofovir, CMX001, smallpox treatment, and variola treatment. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Data were limited to studies published in English language, which evaluated the efficacy and safety of brincidofovir. Data Synthesis: Two surrogate animal models were included in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) decision to approve brincidofovir: ectromelia virus in mice and rabbitpox in rabbits. Phases 2 and 3 studies established safety for approval. Brincidofovir biweekly for the treatment of disseminated adenovirus disease resulted in all-cause mortality, ranging from 13.8% to 29%. In a study for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis, patients with clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection through week 24 posttransplant was 51.2% with brincidofovir and 52.3% with placebo. Conclusions: Brincidofovir adds a second oral agent to treat smallpox, with a different mechanism of action than tecovirimat. In the event of a smallpox outbreak, prompt treatment will be necessary to contain its spread. Brincidofovir shows efficacy in surrogate animal models. In healthy volunteers and individuals treated, or used as prophylaxis, for cytomegalovirus or adenovirus, the primary adverse events were gastrointestinal in addition to transient hepatotoxicity. Additionally, excessive deaths were observed in hematopoietic cell transplant patients receiving it as cytomegalovirus prophylaxis, requiring a black box warning.
Machine Learning and MRI-based Diagnostic Models for ADHD: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Zhang-James Yanli , Razavi Ali Shervin , Hoogman Martine , Franke Barbara , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Machine learning (ML) has been applied to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based diagnostic classifiers for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review examines this literature to clarify its clinical significance and to assess the implications of the various analytic methods applied. Methods: A comprehensive literature search on MRI-based diagnostic classifiers for ADHD was performed and data regarding the utilized models and samples were gathered. Results: We found that, although most studies reported the classification accuracies, they varied in choice of MRI modalities, ML models, cross-validation and testing methods, and sample sizes. We found that the accuracies of cross-validation methods inflated the performance estimation compared with those of a held-out test, compromising the model generalizability. Test accuracies have increased with publication year but were not associated with training sample sizes. Improved test accuracy over time was likely due to the use of better ML methods along with strategies to deal with data imbalances. Conclusion: Ultimately, large multi-modal imaging datasets, and potentially the combination with other types of data, like cognitive data and/or genetics, will be essential to achieve the goal of developing clinically useful imaging classification tools for ADHD in the future.
Clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of early-onset gingivitis and periodontitis in cats (1997–2022)
Authors: Soltero-Rivera Maria , Vapniarsky Natalia , Rivas Iris L , Arzi Boaz 
Published: January 2023

Objectives This study aimed to characterize the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of early-onset gingivitis (EOG) and periodontitis in cats. Methods The medical records database was searched for cats diagnosed with histologically confirmed EOG or periodontitis from 1997 to 2022. Information such as medical history, lifestyle factors, clinical presentation, radiographic and histopathologic features were included for 27 client-owned cats. Response to treatment and long-term follow-up was also recorded. Results Moderate-to-severe periodontal disease was radiographically confirmed in 78% (21/27) of cats with moderate-to-severe EOG, compared with the evidence of periodontal disease noted in 30% (8/27) of cases during awake oral examination. Horizontal bone loss, along with missing teeth, were the predominant radiographic features noted in 89% (24/27) of cases. The predominant histopathologic feature was moderate-to-severe, erosive-to-ulcerative, neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with varying degrees of epithelial and stromal hyperplasia. Two cats developed feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS)-like lesions, and seven cats exhibited worsening of aggressive periodontitis (AP). Lack of improvement in the severity of gingivitis or clinical signs evident at the first follow-up appointment was significantly associated with progression of disease ( P = 0.004). Conclusions and relevance The results of this study demonstrate the importance of oral evaluations in cats as early as 6 months of age. For cats exhibiting substantial gingivitis, an anesthetized evaluation, periodontal treatment and long-term monitoring are recommended. Given the high frequency of moderate-to-severe periodontitis encountered in these cats, clients should be informed about the potential need for tooth extractions. EOG may progress to AP. Finally, this study suggests that there could be a link between EOG and FCGS; however, further studies are needed to better characterize this condition and establish any potential link between the two entities.
The effectiveness of tele-triage during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Farzandipour Mehrdad , Nabovati Ehsan , Sharif Reihane 
Published: January 2023

Background Telehealth services were used by healthcare centers during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to identify and manage patients at the forefront of the healthcare system. As one of these technologies, tele-triage refers to the assessment of a patient's health status through telephone or another means of communication and recommending treatment or providing appropriate referrals in emergency rooms and primary care offices. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of the evidence on the effectiveness of tele-triage, as one of these technologies, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant English articles published since the pandemic's onset until December 30, 2021. Studies investigating the tele-triage's effect on patient safety, clinical outcomes, and patient satisfaction were included. Data on study characteristics, intervention characteristics, and their effects on study outcomes were extracted separately by two authors. A narrative synthesis of the included studies was ultimately performed. Results Out of the 6312 retrieved studies, 14 met the inclusion criteria. The tele-triage intervention was offered by an algorithm-based system in eight studies (57.14%) and by healthcare providers in six other studies (42.86%) to determine the patient's level of care. According to the results, tele-triage interventions during COVID-19 can reduce unnecessary emergency room visits (by 1.2–22.2%), improve clinical outcomes after intervention (such as would closure in diabetic feet), reduce mortality and injuries, and ensure patient satisfaction with tele-triage (53–98%). Conclusions This study found that tele-triage interventions reduced unnecessary visits, improved clinical outcomes, reduced mortality, and injuries, increased patient satisfaction, reduced healthcare provider workload, improved access to primary care consultation, and increased patient safety and satisfaction. Therefore, tele-triage systems are not only suitable for providing acute and emergency care remotely but they are also recommended as an alternative tool to monitor and diagnose COVID-19.
Neurotypical, but not autistic, adults might experience distress when looking at someone avoiding eye contact: A live face-to-face paradigm
Authors: Clin Elise , Kissine Mikhail 
Published: January 2023

Many autistics report being distressed by eye contact, but eye-tracking studies suggest that eye contact is associated with hypo-arousal rather than hyper-arousal in autism. Within a live face-to-face paradigm combining a wearable eye-tracker with electrodermal activity sensors, 80 adults (40 autistics) defined words in front of an experimenter either staring at their eyes (direct gaze condition) or looking elsewhere (averted gaze condition). Autistics did not differ from neurotypicals in their eye behaviours nor their skin conductance responses. Autistics did not appear distressed when they were looking at the experimenter’s eyes in the direct gaze condition. However, neurotypicals, compared to autistics, might experience more stress when looking at the experimenter in the averted gaze condition, even after controlling for social anxiety and alexithymia. In comparison to autistics, neurotypicals might be hyper-aroused when they look at someone avoiding eye contact. Based on a bidirectional perspective on interactional difficulties in autism, we speculate that the neurotypicals’ distress when their attempts to eye contact are not reciprocated could make their behaviour insistent, which, in turn, could make the autistics uncomfortable. In our study, participants’ partner remained passive, displaying no specific reaction when a mutual gaze was shared or not. Future studies should test different partner reactions to gaze in various social contexts. Lay abstract What is already known about the topic? Autistics are usually reported to share less eye contact than neurotypicals with their interlocutors. However, the reason why autistics might pay less attention to eyes looking at them is still unknown: some autistics express being hyper-aroused by this eye contact, while some eye-tracking studies suggest that eye contact is associated with hypo-arousal in autism. What this paper adds? This study is based on a highly controlled live face-to-face paradigm, combining a wearable eye-tracker (to study eye behaviours) with electrodermal activity sensors (to assess potential stress). We draw a nuanced picture of social attention in autism, as our autistic participants did not differ from our neurotypical group in their eye behaviours nor their skin conductance responses. However, we found that neurotypicals, compared to autistics, seemed to be much more distressed when their interlocutor did not gaze at them during the experiment. Implications for practice, research or policy: Our study encourages to consider social interaction difficulties in autism as a relational issue, instead as an individual deficit. This step might be first taken in research, by implementing paradigms sensitive to the experimenter’s role and attitude.
Autologous Blood-Clot Embolisation of Iatrogenic Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm Caused by Arterial Sheath Placement; A Case Report
Authors: Tayebi Pouya , Mahmoudlou Fatemeh , Ershad Negin 
Published: January 2023

Iatrogenic Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm (FAP) is a common complication that occurs in diagnostic and therapeutic catheterization procedures and can cause morbidity and even mortality in patients. Aneurysm larger than 2 cm, symptomatic or complicated should be treated. Here we report a 59-year-old man with post-catheterization FAP following femoral artery angiography, treated successfully by direct transcatheter autologous blood clot embolisation. To the best of our knowledge, our case report is the first to demonstrate that FAP can be successfully treated endovascularly by autologous blood clot embolisation.
A Report of Penile Mondor’s Disease After Mechanochemical Ablation and Adjunct Foam Sclerotherapy of Bilateral Lower Extremity Truncal Incompetence
Authors: Foley Megan Power , Westby Daniel , Walsh Stewart R 
Published: January 2023

Introduction Mondor’s disease of the penis, or superficial thrombophlebitis affecting penile veins, is a rare condition. Common causes include prothombotic states, venous stasis or excessive manipulation. The literature includes one case report of Mondor’s Disease after endovenous laser ablation and foam sclerotherapy and a case series after open saphenofemoral junction ligation. However, there have been no noted cases of this rare complication after mechanochemical ablation of the GSV. Case Details A 50-year-old man with bilateral great saphenous venous incompetence had truncal mechanochemical ablation of both above-knee GSV segments with the ClariveinTM device with adjunctive 1% Fibrovein foam to varicose tributaries. Day three post-operatively he began experiencing suprapubic pain and noted tender “cord-like” veins along the penile shaft. Duplex investigation of the penis demonstrated occlusive thrombus in the superficial veins draining into the dorsal vein of the penis. The patient was treated with 75 mg oral Clopidogrel for four weeks and his symptoms resolved without functional impairment. Conclusions Vascular surgeons should be aware that this rare albeit self-limiting thrombotic complication can occur after endovenous mechanochemical ablation of the great saphenous vein with adjunct foam sclerotherapy, particularly as this procedure is performed very frequently. Interestingly, the majority of reported cases have occurred after bilateral interventions. The patients can be reassured that their symptoms will likely settle and the use of anti-thrombotic therapy is largely at the surgeon’s discretion.
Gender Differences in Iliofemoral Vein Stenting for Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Authors: Dionne Elyssa , Bai Halbert , Collins Lucas , Cho Logan D , Gonzalez Christopher , Vasan Vikram , Cooke Peter V , Kim Jinseo , Kang Yeju , Tadros Rami O , Ting Windsor 
Published: January 2023

Introduction Little is known about gender’s role in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of gender on outcomes of iliac vein stenting(IVS) for CVI. Methods 866 patients who underwent vein stenting for CVI at one institution from August 2011 to June 2021 were analyzed via retrospective review. Patients were followed up to 5 years after initial stent placement. Presenting symptoms were quantified using Venous Clinical Severity Score(VCSS), Clinical Assessment Score(CAS), and Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology (CEAP) class. Reoperations after initial IVS were recorded. Major reoperations were defined as iliac interventions using venography. Minor reoperations were defined as thermal ablation. Multivariate logistic regression models were used determine odds of any and major reintervention. Results Compared to females, males pre-operatively presented with a higher mean CEAP class (3.6 vs .3.3; P < .001), VCSS composite (11.3 vs .9.9; P < .001), and smoking history (134 vs .49; P < .001). The 2 groups were similar in age ( P = .125), BMI( P = .898), previous DVT ( P = .085), diabetes ( P = .386), hypertension ( P = 1.0), and CAD ( P = .499). Multivariate analyses revealed no association between gender and any reintervention (OR, 1.02; 95%CI, .71-1.46; P = .935) or gender and major reintervention (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, .86-2.23 P = .177). There were no differences in number of stents placed ( P = .736) or symptomatic improvement at 1 month ( P = .951), 3 months ( P = .233), 6 months( P = .068), and greater than 1 year ( P = .287). At the 1 year follow-up, the male cohort had higher CAS values than females P = .034). Males had larger reduction in composite VCSS than women at 1 year (5.1 vs. 3.8; P = .003) and 3 years (5.3 vs .3.7; P = .031) of follow-up and similar levels of improvement in post-op (4.0 vs .3.5; P = .059), 2 years (4.3 vs .3.8; P = .295), 4-years (5.1 vs .4.6; P = .529), 5 years (5.6 vs .4.2; P = .174), and 6 years (5.93vs.3.3 P = .089). Conclusions In a single site study of IVS in patients with CVI, males tended to present worse symptoms than females. After surgery, however, both cohorts showed improvement, and both seemed to improve to the same degree of residual symptoms.
Pregnancy, childbirth and neonatal outcomes of women with rare inherited coagulation disorders
Authors: McCann Lucy Jane , Scullion Erin , Doy Lauren , Ciantar Etienne 
Published: January 2023

Background We aimed to describe the characteristics and the pregnancy outcomes of women with rare inherited coagulation factor disorders managed at a tertiary obstetric-haematology unit in the United Kingdom. Methods A retrospective service evaluation was conducted using routinely collected medical records. Descriptive analyses were applied to investigate pregnancy, childbirth and neonatal management and outcomes. Results Overall, 20 patients with rare inherited coagulation disorders were included who birthed 30 live infants from 29 pregnancies. Regarding maternal bleeding outcomes, 3% experienced antepartum haemorrhage, 38% of pregnancies experienced primary post-partum haemorrhage, and none experienced secondary post-partum haemorrhage. Five (17%) neonates had cranial ultrasound scans for imaging to investigate for a neonatal haemorrhage, which were all normal. Conclusions Although women with rare inherited coagulation disorders may be more susceptible to complications in pregnancy, within this cohort there was no evidence that the condition led to increased morbidity or mortality when best practices were observed.
A systematic review of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia
Authors: Tawati Dalal A , Chan Wee-Shian 
Published: January 2023

Background The association of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and severe preeclampsia/eclampsia has been established but the frequency is uncertain. Objectives To determine the frequency of PRES in severe preeclampsia or eclampsia. Methods We searched published articles in PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, and CINAHL from 1990 to 2020. We included articles that reported on six or more cases of PRES with eclampsia or severe preeclampsia who underwent neuroimaging during pregnancy or up to 6 weeks postpartum. Results We identified 29 studies presenting data on 1519 women with eclampsia or severe preeclampsia. Among 342 women with eclampsia who had neuroimaging, 176 (51.4%) were diagnosed with PRES. Of 121 women with severe preeclampsia, 24 (19.8%) had PRES. The pooled maternal death rate was 5.3% (21/395). Conclusion PRES is commonly reported on neuroimaging of women with eclampsia/ severe preeclampsia. The role of neuroimaging in eclampsia and especially in women with severe preeclampsia requires re-evaluation as further management is often dictated by this finding.
Predictors of patients’ acceptance of video consultation in general practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic applying the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model
Authors: Esber André , Teufel Martin , Jahre Lisa , in der Schmitten Jürgen , Skoda Eva-Maria , Bäuerle Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to an increase in remote consultations in health care. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of video consultation as an alternative to face-to-face in-office visits in general practice (GP) and to investigate its drivers and barriers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Germany during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic from December 2020 to April 2021. Participants were recruited among patients in 16 GP surgeries. Assessed were sociodemographic and medical data as well as information and communications technology related data. Acceptance of video consultation and its predictors were determined using a modified questionnaire based on a short version of the renowned unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model. Results In total, 371 participants were included in the data analysis. Acceptance of video consultation was moderate. A hierarchical regression revealed acceptance was significantly predicted by the PHQ-2, taking no regular medication, computer proficiency, knowledge about digital health care solutions, no prior use of video consultation, and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology predictors performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence. The extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model explained significantly more variance than the restricted unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model in acceptance of video consultation. Conclusions In this study computer proficiency, existing knowledge about digital health care solutions and depressive symptoms functioned as drivers to acceptance, no prior use of video consultation could be identified as a potential barrier. Patients with regular medication have been particularly receptive to video consultation. The study confirmed the validity of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model in determining acceptance of video consultation. Considering that there is growing demand and acceptance for different approaches to engage with health care providers, additional steps should be taken to establish video consultation as a genuine alternative.
Smartphone apps for mental health and wellbeing: A usage survey and machine learning analysis of psychological and behavioral predictors
Authors: Vera Cruz Germano , Aboujaoude Elias , Khan Riaz , Rochat Lucien , Ben Brahim Farah , Courtois Robert , Khazaal Yasser 
Published: January 2023

Objective Despite the availability of thousands of mental health applications, the extent to which they are used and the factors associated with their use remain largely unknown. The present study aims to (a) assess in a representative US-based population sample the use of smartphone apps for mental health and wellbeing (SAMHW), (b) determine the variables predicting the use of SAMHW, and (c) explore how a set of variables related to mental health, smartphone use, and smartphone “addiction” may be associated with the use of SAMHW. Methods Data was collected via online questionnaire from 1989 adults. The data gathered included information on smartphone use behavior, mental health, and the use of SAMHW. Latent class analysis was used to categorize participants. Machine learning and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the most important predictors of SAMHW use and associations between predictors and outcome variables. Results While two-thirds of participants had a statistically high probability for using SAMHW, nearly twice more had high probability for using them to improve wellbeing compared to using them to address mental health problems (43% vs. 18%). In both groups, these participants were more likely to be female and in the younger adult age bracket than male and in the adult or older adult age bracket. According to the machine learning model, the most important predictors for using the relevant smartphone apps were variables associated with smartphone problematic use, COVID-19 impact, and mental health problems. Conclusion Findings from the present study confirm that the use of SAMHW is growing, particularly among younger adult and female individuals who are negatively impacted by problematic smartphone use, COVID-19, and mental health problems. These individuals tend to bypass traditional care via psychotherapy or psychopharmacology, relying instead on smartphones to address mental health conditions or improve wellbeing. Advising users of these apps to also seek professional help and promoting efforts to prove the efficacy and safety of SAMHW would seem necessary.