bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tapestry of Edgelands: Defining Carceral Edgeland(s) in Masafer Yatta (Firing Zone 918)
Authors: Gandolfo Luisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe carceral edgeland occupies a unique position. At times, it is acknowledged; at others, it remains unseen by those outside its boundaries. In cases where the edgeland is architectural, such as a prison or a detention center, it can prompt viewers to consider the power dynamics exercised within. This article, however, is concerned with the possibilities for the edgeland to be moveable and embodied. Focusing on the transformation of the area of Masafer Yatta in the occupied West Bank into a military training zone, the article shifts the discourse from the connection between the edgeland and the symbolic power of carceral architecture to suggest alternative carceral edgelands: the occupying edgeland, wherein the moveable and embodied converge to form a tapestry of edgelands. The Israeli military presence varies in intensity, yet the result is the realization of Achille Mbembe's ‘infrastructural warfare’ (2003) that manifests through the moveable edgeland, and second, the embodied edgeland that is enacted by the military personnel who symbolize the state. In Masafer Yatta, the army's long‐term presence has had an impact on the communities that evokes Lauren Berlant's ‘political depression’ (2011). Building on Paul Farley and Michael Symmons Roberts' recognition of multitudinous edgelands (2012), this article suggests that there can be multiple carceral edgelands at one site, all of which facilitate exclusion and political depression through enclosure, whether through fences, walls, or moveable checkpoints.
Neuroimaging features of FOXR2‐activated CNS neuroblastoma: A case series and systematic review
Authors: Shimazaki Kenichiro , Kurokawa Ryo , Franson Andrea , Kurokawa Mariko , Baba Akira , Bou‐Maroun Laura , Kim John , Moritani Toshio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeCNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2‐activated (CNS NB‐FOXR2) is a newly recognized tumor type in the 2021 World Health Organization classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We aimed to investigate the clinical and neuroimaging findings of CNS NB‐FOXR2 and systematically review previous publications and three new cases.MethodsWe searched PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase databases for patients with pathologically proven CNS NB‐FOXR2 with sufficient information for preoperative CT and MRI findings. Two board‐certified radiologists reviewed the studies and imaging data.ResultsThirty‐one patients from six previous publications and 3 patients from our hospital comprised the study population (median age, 4.2 [range: 1.4‐16] years; 19 girls). Clinically, CNS NB‐FOXR2 mainly affected children between 2 and 6 years (24/34, 67.6%). Nausea/vomiting and seizures were reported as the main presenting symptoms (100% in total). The tumors frequently showed hyperdensity compared to the cortex on nonenhanced CT (4/5, 80%) with calcification along the inner rim of the tumor (4/5, 80%). More than half of patients showed susceptibility artifacts indicating intratumoral hemorrhage and/or calcification (15/28, 53.6%) on T2*‐ and/or susceptibility‐weighted imaging. Elevated relative cerebral blood volume and flow and percentile signal recovery were observed in one case with dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI.ConclusionsCharacteristic imaging features including hyperdense attenuation of the solid components and calcification along the inner rim on CT and susceptibility‐weighted imaging may assist with preoperative diagnosis of CNS NB‐FOXR2 in pediatric patients.
The Way to Spend a Workday Matters in School Principals' Somatic and Psychological Discomfort
Authors: Ning Bo , Li Jiayang , Vandecandelaere Machteld , Liu Hongqiang 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool principals usually have to sacrifice health and family obligations to obtain sufficient work time. This study investigates school principals' somatic and psychological discomfort related to their time allocation to diverse work contexts and life domains, so as to test the optimal allocation of time to each context and domain.METHODSThis study is based on survey data of 347 school principals, from the preexisting 2021 Survey of School Teachers' Living Conditions in Shanghai. Generalized linear regression modeling was adopted to analyze the data according to the research purpose.RESULTSThis study finds that school principals' daily time spent on work at home, sleep, breakfast, exercise, and family obligations significantly predict their somatic or psychological discomfort. However, their time spent on work at school, daytime napping, lunch, and dinner are not of significance.CONCLUSIONSThis study reveals several unhealthy ways of working and lifestyle habits among school principals from a perspective of time allocation, such as extended periods working at home, sleep deficits, hurried breakfast, lack exercise, and failure to meet familial obligations.
Paternal sleep deprivation induces metabolic perturbations in male offspring via altered LRP5 DNA methylation of pancreatic islets
Authors: Zeng Yi , Zhang Zhen , Liang SiTing , Chang XinMiao , Qin RuiJie , Chen Hong , Guo LiXin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiabetes and metabolic perturbation are global health challenges. Sleep insufficiency may trigger metabolic dysregulation leading to diabetes. However, the intergenerational transmission of this environmental information is not clearly understood. The research objective was to determine the possible effect of paternal sleep deprivation on the metabolic phenotype of the offspring and to investigate the underlying mechanism of epigenetic inheritance. Male offspring of sleep‐deprived fathers exhibit glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion. In these SD‐F1 offspring, a reduction in beta cell mass and proliferation of beta cells were observed. Mechanistically, in pancreatic islets of SD‐F1 offspring, we identified alterations in DNA methylation at the promoter region of the LRP5 (LDL receptor related protein 5) gene, a coreceptor of Wnt signaling, resulting in downregulation of downstream effectors cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and Ctnnb1. Restoration of Lrp5 in the pancreas of SD‐F1 male mice could improve impaired glucose tolerance and expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and Ctnnb1. This study might significantly contribute to our understanding of the effects of sleeplessness on health and metabolic disease risk from the perspective of the heritable epigenome.
Associations between actigraphy‐derived rest–activity rhythm characteristics and hypertension in United States adults
Authors: Yeung Chris Ho Ching , Bauer Cici , Xiao Qian 
Published: February 2023

SummaryPeople with disrupted circadian rhythms, such as shift workers, have shown a higher risk of hypertension. However, it is unclear whether more subtle differences in diurnal rest–activity rhythms in the population are associated with hypertension. Clarifying the association between the rest–activity rhythm, a modifiable behavioural factor, and hypertension could provide insight into preventing hypertension and possibly cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the association between rest–activity rhythm characteristics and hypertension in a large representative sample of United States adults. Cross‐sectional data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 (N = 6726; mean [range] age 49 [20–79] years; 52% women). Five rest–activity rhythm parameters (i.e., pseudo F statistic, amplitude, mesor, amplitude:mesor ratio, and acrophase) were derived from 24‐h actigraphy data using the extended cosine model. We performed multiple logistic regression to assess the associations between the rest–activity rhythm parameters and hypertension. Subgroup analysis stratified by age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index and diabetes status was also conducted. A weakened overall rest–activity rhythm, characterised by a lower F statistic, was associated with higher odds of hypertension (odds ratio quintile 1 versus quintile 5 [OR Q1vs.Q5 ] 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–2.05; p trend < 0.001). Similar results were found for lower amplitude (OR Q1vs.Q5 1.51, 95% CI 1.13–2.03; p trend = 0.01) and amplitude:mesor ratio (OR Q1vs.Q5 1.34, 95% CI 1.01–1.78; p trend = 0.03). The results were robust to the adjustment of confounders, individual behaviours including physical activity levels and sleep duration and appeared consistent across subgroups. Possible interaction between the rest–activity rhythm and body mass index was found. Our results support an association between weakened rest–activity rhythms and higher odds of hypertension.
Susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection in adults living in Spain
Authors: Soriano Vicente , Aguilera Antonio , Benito Rafael , González‐Díez Rocío , Miró Elisenda , Liendo Paloma , Rodríguez‐Diaz Juan Carlos , Cabezas Teresa , Richart Alberto , Ramos José Manuel , Barea Luisa , Álvarez Carmen , Treviño Ana , Gómez‐Gallego Félix , Corral Octavio , de Mendoza Carmen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundA protective hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine has been available for four decades. Universal HBV vaccination of infants is recommended by the WHO since the 1990s. Furthermore, HBV immunization is advised for all adults with high‐risk behaviours and no seroprotection. However, HBV vaccine coverage remains globally suboptimal. The advent of new more efficacious trivalent HBV vaccines has renewed the interest in HBV vaccination. At present, the extent of current HBV susceptibility in adults remains unknown in Spain.MethodsHBV serological markers were assessed on a large and representative sample of adults in Spain, including blood donors and individuals belonging to high‐risk groups. Serum HBsAg, anti‐HBc and anti‐HBs were tested in specimens collected during the last couple of years.ResultsFrom 13 859 consecutive adults tested at seven cities across the Spanish geography, overall 166 (1.2%) had positive HBsAg. Past HBV infection was recognized in 14% and prior vaccine immunization in 24%. Unexpectedly, 37% of blood donors and 63% of persons belonging to high‐risk groups had no serum HBV markers and therefore were potentially HBV susceptible.ConclusionRoughly 60% of adults living in Spain seem to be HBV susceptible. Waning immunity might be more common than expected. Hence, HBV serological testing should be performed at least once in all adults regardless of risk exposures. HBV vaccine full courses or boosters should be administered to all adults lacking serological evidence of HBV protection.
Breastfeeding sick children in hospital: Exploring the experiences of mothers in UK paediatric wards
Authors: Hookway Lyndsey , Brown Amy , Grant Aimee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is a paucity of literature exploring the challenges of breastfeeding sick children in hospital. Previous research has focused on single conditions and hospitals which limits understanding of the challenges in this population. Although evidence suggests that current lactation training in paediatrics is often inadequate, it is unclear where the specific training gaps are. This qualitative interview study of UK mothers aimed to explore the challenges of breastfeeding sick infants and children on a paediatric ward or paediatric intensive care unit. From 504 eligible respondents, a sample of 30 mothers of children aged 2–36 months with various conditions and demographic backgrounds was purposively chosen, and a reflexive thematic analysis undertaken. The study identified previously unreported impacts such as complex fluid needs, iatrogenic withdrawal, neurological irritability and changes to breastfeeding behaviour. Mothers described breastfeeding as emotionally and immunologically meaningful. There were many complex psychological challenges such as guilt, disempowerment, and trauma. Wider struggles such as staff resistance to bedsharing, inaccurate breastfeeding information, lack of food and inadequate breast pump provision made breastfeeding more challenging. There are numerous challenges related to breastfeeding and responsively parenting sick children in paediatrics, and these also impacted maternal mental health. Staff skill and knowledge gaps were widespread, and the clinical environment was not always conducive to supporting breastfeeding. This study highlights strengths in clinical care and provides insight into what measures are perceived as supportive by mothers. It also highlights areas for improvement, which may inform more nuanced paediatric breastfeeding standards and training.
Secondary invasive fungal infection in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 in the United States
Authors: Thompson George R. , Miceli Marisa H. , Jiang Jeanette , Shortridge Emily F. , Davies Kalatu , Gurumoorthy Giridharan , Kimura Tomomi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundInvasive fungal infections (IFIs) have been identified as a complication in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). To date, there are few US studies examining the excess humanistic and economic burden of IFIs on hospitalised COVID‐19 patients.ObjectivesThis study investigated the incidence, risk factors, clinical and economic burden of IFIs in patients hospitalised with COVID‐19 in the United States.Patients/MethodsData from adult patients hospitalised with COVID‐19 during 01 April 2020–31 March 2021 were extracted retrospectively from the Premier Healthcare Database. IFI was defined either by diagnosis or microbiology findings plus systemic antifungal use. Disease burden attributable to IFI was estimated using time‐dependent propensity score matching.ResultsOverall, 515,391 COVID‐19 patients were included (male 51.7%, median age: 66 years); IFI incidence was 0.35/1000 patient‐days. Most patients did not have traditional host factors for IFI such as hematologic malignancies; COVID‐19 treatments including mechanical ventilation and systemic corticosteroid use were identified as risk factors. Excess mortality attributable to IFI was estimated at 18.4%, and attributable excess hospital costs were $16,100.ConclusionsInvasive fungal infection incidence was lower than previously reported, possibly due to a conservative definition of IFI. Typical COVID‐19 treatments were among the risk factors identified. Furthermore, diagnosis of IFIs in COVID‐19 patients may be complicated because of the several non‐specific shared symptoms, leading to underestimation of the true incidence rate. The healthcare burden of IFIs was significant among COVID‐19 patients, including higher mortality and greater cost.
Phylogenetic structure of the extinction and biotic factors explaining differential survival of terrestrial notosuchians at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene crisis
Authors: Aubier Paul , Jouve Stéphane , Schnyder Johann , Cubo Jorge 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough the clade Crocodylomorpha is represented by few extant species (Crocodylia), it has a rich fossil record. Hundreds of species, adapted to terrestrial, semi‐aquatic and marine environments, have existed over more than 200 million years. Numerous studies have attempted to characterize the factors driving the diversification and extinction events of Crocodylomorpha, resulting in ambiguous and even contradictory conclusions, which points to the need for phylogenetically and temporally smaller‐scaled studies. Here, we focus on differential survival at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) crisis of Notosuchia, a diverse clade of mostly terrestrial Crocodylomorpha that achieved great diversity during the Cretaceous. More precisely, we tested the effect of body size and palaeotemperatures on notosuchian survival probability during the K–Pg crisis as well as the effect of diet on the evolution of their body size. We find that Notosuchia showed an evolutionary trend towards larger body sizes through time, associated with a shift from an omnivorous to a carnivorous diet. This may explain why sebecids were the only notosuchians to survive the K–Pg crisis. We also corroborate the conclusions of previous studies that detected a Lagerstätten effect occurring in the Adamantina Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Brazil, Bauru Group). This work confirms the value of more finely‐scaled macroevolutionary studies for understanding the history of a rich and complex group such as Crocodylomorpha.
Baby boomers in Europe: demography, socioeconomic and health status, and oral health needs
Authors: Kossioni Anastassia E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe European countries are aging fast. Baby boomers in Europe constitute a diverse population group with several differences in life events and living conditions. The fiscal effects of the aging of European population have led to changes in policies and legislation that largely affect the lives of baby boomers necessitating an increase in their working lives. Furthermore, reforms are planned in the existing health and long‐term care systems.Although some baby boomers in Europe face chronic medical conditions, the majority perceive their general health as good or very good. However, approximately one quarter have reported unmet needs for medical care, mainly due to cost or long waiting lists with large variability among different countries.The oral health of baby boomers has improved compared to previous generations particularly related to tooth loss. However, older groups in many countries face an increase in dental caries and periodontal disease. Some baby boomers may enter very old age with many natural teeth, functional impairment, limited ability to perform oral hygiene and an increased demand for more complex dental care as well as domiciliary care. However, in contrast to medical care, dental expenses in Europe are mainly financed with out‐of‐pocket payments while domiciliary dental care is rarely provided leading to unmet dental care needs for the most vulnerable individuals.Educational interventions for all healthcare professionals, as well as formal and informal carers and the public are required, and appropriate policies and legislations are needed to promote the oral health of the aging European population.
Health literacy and uptake of annual physical checkups among emerging adults in the United States: Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Alawode Oluwatobi A. , Nicholson Harvey L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPublic health literature is replete with evidence on the determinants of preventive healthcare utilization. However, gap exists in the relationship between health literacy, a key social determinant of health, and annual physical checkups, especially among younger adults in the United States. This age group is one of the least likely to utilize such services for screening and prevention of diseases, which can have a significant impact on their long‐term health as they progress through the life course. Using the Andersen Healthcare Utilization framework, this study investigated the association between health literacy, an enabling factor, and uptake of annual physical checkups among emerging adults aged 18–29. A binary logistic regression model was employed to achieve the study objective using data from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (N = 9515). Findings showed that 61% of young adults had physical checkups in the past year. After adjusting for predisposing, need, and other enabling factors, experiencing difficulties with oral and written health literacy and having difficulties obtaining medical information and advice were significantly associated with lower odds of physical checkups in the past year. These findings provide evidence for strategies like Healthy People 2030 that aim to increase preventive healthcare service utilization among emerging adults.
The consumption of ritual and the changing values of filial piety in ancestor worship
Authors: Cao Meng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAncestor worship is regarded as the key element of the Han people's belief system across most of China. However, the rituals pertaining to death, such as in funerals and annual ancestor worship, vary from place to place. For decades, the state has made tremendous efforts to reform and standardise funerals consistent with its path to modernization by insisting on more socialist practices rather than those that are perceived as ‘superstitious’ and ‘irrational’, such as burning paper and incense or performing rituals. I argue that despite regulating the use of funeral materials or memorial types, the state has failed to reform the essence of death rituals, that is, the duty of filial piety and people's conception of the afterlife. In addition, funerals and other rituals related to death contribute to individual's social reputation.
Using trends and outliers in managing delayed transfusions
Authors: Bahar Burak , Gehrie Eric A. , Mo Yunchuan D. , Jacquot Cyril , Delaney Meghan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate if time to initiate a blood transfusion after an informative laboratory test could feasibly be used by the transfusion medicine service as a metric to monitor for transfusion delays.BackgroundDelayed transfusions may result in patient morbidity and mortality, but no standards for timely transfusion have been developed. Information technology tools could be implemented to identify gaps in provision of blood and to recognise areas of improvement.Materials and MethodsData obtained from a children's hospital's data science platform and time from the release of laboratory results to the initiation of transfusions were calculated and weekly medians were used for trend analyses. Outlier events were obtained using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing and generalised extreme studentized deviate test.ResultsOverall, the number of outlier events on the timing of transfusions based on patients' haemoglobin level and platelet count were small (n = 1 and n = 0 for 139 weeks, respectively). Investigation of these events for adverse clinical outcomes was non‐significant.ConclusionsHerein, we propose that the trends and outlier events could be further investigated and used to make decisions and implement protocols to improve patient care.
Polymorphism of glutathione S‐transferase P1 of dogs with mammary tumours
Authors: Fedets Oleh M. , Dmytruk Kostyantyn V. , Adaszek Lukasz , Kurlyak Iryna M. , Dmytruk Olena V. , Lisiecka Urszula , Winiarczyk Stanislaw 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMammary tumours constitute more than half of neoplasms in female dogs from different countries. Genome sequences are associated with cancer susceptibility but there is little information available about genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S‐transferase P1 (GSTP1) in canine cancers. The aim of this study was to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GSTP1 of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) with mammary tumours compared to healthy dogs and to determine the association between GSTP1 polymorphisms and the occurrence of these tumours. The study population included 36 client‐owned female dogs with mammary tumours and 12 healthy female dogs, with no previous diagnosis of cancer. DNA was extracted from blood and amplified by PCR assay. PCR‐products were sequenced by Sanger method and analysed manually. The 33 polymorphisms were found in GSTP1: 1 coding SNP (exon 4), 24 non‐coding SNPs (9 in exon 1), 7 deletions and 1 insertion. The 17 polymorphisms have been found in introns 1, 4, 5 and 6. The dogs with mammary tumours have significant difference from healthy in SNPs I4 c.1018 + 123 T > C (OR 13.412, 95%CI 1.574–114.267, P = .001), I5 c.1487 + 27 T > C (OR 10.737, 95%CI 1.260–91.477, P = .004), I5 c.1487 + 842 G > C (OR 4.714, 95% CI 1.086–20.472, P = .046) and I6 c.2481 + 50 A > G (OR 12.000, 95% CI 1.409–102.207, P = .002). SNP E5 c.1487 T > C and I5 c.1487 + 829 delG also differed significantly (P = .03) but not to the confidence interval. The study, for the first time, showed a positive association of SNPs in GSTP1 with mammary tumours of dogs, that can possibly be used to predict the occurrence of this pathology.