bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Variations in Calcination Temperature on the Character of ZnO and ZnO/Mopl-CTAB in Degrading Methyl Orange
Authors: Rosanti Aulia Dewi , Hidayat Fahmi , Kusumawati Yuly , Fadlan Arif , Shobirin Rizky Arief , Wijaya Fanni Kurnia 
Published: July 2023

Medan orange peel (Mopl), which has been modified using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), has the potential to adsorb methyl orange (MO), and thus it can be used as a supporting material for ZnO. The ZnO is a photocatalytic material that is environmentally friendly, inexpensive, non-toxic, and has a wide band gap value. This study aims to determine the effect of calcination temperature on ZnO and ZnO characteristics due to modification using Mopl-CTAB and its effect on the degradation of MO. This research was carried out by synthesizing ZnO and ZnO/Mopl-CTAB materials using impregnation method and varying the calcination temperatures at 150, 250, 350, and 450 °C. The solid material powder obtained was characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). Based on the results of the characterization, greater calcination temperature can affect the characteristics of the photocatalyst, including its morphology, functional groups, crystal structure, crystal lattice, crystallinity, surface area, pore size, pore volume, and energy band gap. The MO photodegradation activity test using the synthesized material was conducted under dark and light conditions. The results of the test revealed that the best or optimum material to be used in degrading MO is a calcined material at 450 °C under light conditions. ZnO material using Mopl-CTAB is better in degrading ZnO/Mopl-CTAB 450 °C than ZnO 450 °C. This study found that ZnO material using Mopl-CTAB had a percent removal of 78% in 50 min, while ZnO 450 °C only had a percent removal of 53% in 40 min. The reaction kinetics in dark and light conditions follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
The progressive use of visual cues in skilled adolescent cricket batters
Authors: Taliep Mogammad Sharhidd , Mhlonngo Njabulo , Draper Catherine E. , Rust Ruan , Gray Janine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the visual anticipation of skilled adolescent cricket batters during a temporal occlusion task. Thirty skilled adolescent cricket batters were recruited for the study. A temporal occlusion paradigm was employed to allow participants to predict the swing and length of the delivery. A projected video was occluded at seven points during the delivery, with each subsequent point providing progressively more visual information. Skilled adolescent batters were not able to correctly anticipate the delivery without ball flight information. They required between 100 and 200 ms of ball flight to correctly perceive the delivery type above the level of chance. These findings have implications for the development of visual anticipation skills for children in striking sports.
Deconstructing 3D Structured Materials by Modern Ultramicrotomy for Multimodal Imaging and Volume Analysis across Length Scales
Authors: Wacker Irene , Curticean Ronald , Ryklin Daniel , Weidinger Britta , Mayer Frederik , Huang Li‐Yu , Hoffmann Julian , Islam Monsur , von Coelln Nadine , Schmitt Tanja , Huck Christian , Tegeder Petra , Feist Florian , Kammerer Jochen A. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Wegener Martin , Blasco Eva , Gengenbach Ulrich , Schröder Rasmus R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBased on the rapid advances in additive manufacturing, micro‐patterned heterostructures of soft materials have become available that need to be characterized down to the nanoscale. Advanced function‐structure relationships are designed by direct 3D structuring of the object and – in the future – fine control over material functionality in 3D will produce complex functional objects. To control their design, fabrication and final structure, morphological and spectroscopical imaging in 3D at nanometer resolution are critically required. With examples of carbon‐based objects, it is demonstrated how serial ultramicrotomy, that is, cutting a large number of successive ultrathin sections, can be utilized to gain access to the interior of 3D objects. Array tomography, hierarchical imaging and correlative light and electron microscopy can bridge length scales over several orders of magnitude and provide multimodal information of the sample's inner structure. Morphology data derived from scanning electron microscopy are correlated with spectroscopy in analytical transmission electron microscopy and probe microscopy at nanometer resolution, using TEM‐electron energy loss spectroscopy and infrared‐scanning‐near‐field microscopy. The correlation of different imaging modalities and spectroscopy of carbon‐based materials in 3D provides a powerful toolbox of complementary techniques for understanding emerging functions from nanoscopic structuring.
Molecular Engineering of NIR‐II AIE Luminogen Excited at 1700 nm for Ultradeep Intravital Brain Two‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Li Dan , Deng Xiangquan , Xu Zhourui , Wang Deliang , Xu Gaixia , Zhang Pingyu , Qiu Ping , Xie Weixin , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Ke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe limited tissue penetration depth and spatial resolution are the major bottlenecks for deep‐brain imaging. In this study, molecular engineering by tailoring electron donors is conducted to develop for the first time an NIR‐II (second near‐infrared) emissive fluorescence probe, namely DCTBT, for effective deep‐brain two‐photon fluorescence imaging. Benefiting from its good biocompatibility, high photostability, bright NIR‐II emission as aggregates and large two‐photon fluorescence action cross section at the 1700 nm excitation window, DCTBT offers the imaging depths of 2180 and 1135 µm in mouse brain with removed and intact skull, respectively. These results are the record depths for brain imaging, compared to all kinds of fluorescent probes and all modalities of multiphoton microscopy at all demonstrated excitation wavelengths. Moreover, with DCTBT labeling, hemodynamic imaging of blood flow in mouse brain vessels down to a depth of 714 µm with the intact skull is achieved. Multiphoton fluorescence imaging with the NIR‐II probe DCTBT excited at the 1700 nm window may readily provide methodology for deep‐brain structural and hemodynamic research.
Controllable Thermochemical Generation of Active Defects in the Horizontal/Vertical MoS2 for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhou Yu , Li Cheng , Zhang Yu , Wang Li , Fan Xiulian , Zou Luwei , Cai Zhao , Jiang Jinming , Zhou Shen , Zhang Bo , Zhang Hongyan , Li Weihan , Chen Zhihui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs for 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, the creation of proper active defects concentrations is considered as the efficient strategy for improving hydrogen evolution performance. However, the synthesis methods of large‐area MoS2 catalysts with controllable active defects are limited, also for its working mechanism. Herein, thermochemical generation of active defects for MoS2 catalysts has established by annealing sodium hypophosphite, in which the phosphine is spontaneously generated and chemically tailors the MoS2 lattice. The defects formation is confirmed by the investigation of slightly‐changed surface structure and unpaired electrons for the annealed samples. The hydrogen evolution reaction performances of horizontally/vertically grown MoS2 films are improved by controlling reaction conditions, indicating the active defects could form in the basal plane and edges with retained crystal structure. The overpotential of MoS2 samples converted from 10 nm Mo reduces from −520 to −265 mV with largely decreased Tafel slope. The electrochemical microreactor studies reveal the protons adsorption of active sites shows much more significant contribution, than interfacial charge transfer with the enhanced remarkable performance (−100 mV at 10 mA cm−2). This study presents the large‐area synthesized strategy for MoS2 based catalysts with controllable defects concentration and helps establish rational design principles for future MoS2 family electrocatalysts.
A Self‐Independent Binary‐Sublattice Construction in Cu2Se Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Zhao Huijuan , Hu Haihua , Li Jing‐Wei , Li Jing‐Feng , Zhu Jing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe atomic‐scale structure of cuprous selenide room temperature phase (α‐Cu2Se), which plays an important role in understanding the mechanism of its high thermoelectric performance, is still not fully determined. Here, direct observation with atomic‐scale resolution is realized to reveal the fine structure of α‐Cu2Se via spherical‐aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. It is observed to be an interesting self‐independent binary‐sublattice construction for Cu and Se in α‐Cu2Se, respectively, which shows a variety of ordered copper fluctuation structures are embedded in a rigid pseudo‐cubic Se sublattice. Ordering of Cu uses a variety of configurations with little energy difference, forming considerable amounts of “boundaries,” which may lead to ultrastrong phonon scattering. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations indicate that the electronic structures are mainly determined by the rigid Se face‐centered cubic sublattice and not sensitive to the various copper fluctuations, which may guarantee the electron transfers with large carrier mobility. The self‐independent binary‐sublattice construction is speculated to enhance phonon scattering while still maintaining good electrical transport property. This study provides new critical information for further understanding the possible correlation between the specific structure and thermoelectric performance of α‐Cu2Se, as well as designing new thermoelectric materials.
Revealing the Intrinsic Decay of Mechanoluminescence for Achieving Ultrafast‐Response Stress Sensing
Authors: Chen Changjian , Lin Zhu , Huang Honghui , Pan Xin , Zhou Tian‐Liang , Luo Hongde , Jin Libo , Peng Dengfeng , Xu Jian , Zhuang Yixi , Xie Rong‐Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConverting mechanical energy into photon emission provides a promising route for intelligent sensing, self‐powered lighting, and distributed energy harvesting, which is of great significance for finding a feasible solution to the current sensing technical bottleneck and energy crisis. As the basis for understanding the conversion mechanism and realizing high‐frequency mechanical energy utilization, elucidating the dynamic process of intensity variation in the mechano‐to‐photon conversion remains a great challenge. Herein, a time‐domain characterization scheme that enables to unravel the intrinsic decay of mechanoluminescence (ML) with lifetimes from milliseconds down to tens of microseconds is constructed. It is demonstrated that ML decay characterization is an important tool to reveal the dynamics of charge migration in ML materials. The ML decay in a typical self‐reproducible ML material ZnS:Mn2+ shows temperature dependence and stress fluctuation resistance, which opens up a new reliable approach for self‐powered and remote temperature sensing. Finally, benefiting from the shortest ML lifetime recorded to date, an ultrafast‐response stress sensor that enables to detect individual pulses of ultrasonic waves with ML sensing technology is developed.
Advances of Nanotechnology Toward Vaccine Development Against Animal Infectious Diseases
Authors: Wang Xinlian , Gao Xinglong , Wang Liuxiang , Lin Jinhui , Liu Ying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVaccines are the most effective means of controlling infectious diseases. Increasingly epidemics have driven the development of vaccines for human use. However, insufficient attention has been paid to preventing animal epidemics. The spread of animal epidemics directly affects food and nutritional safety, the economy, and outbreaks of zoonotic diseases, which can eventually threaten human health. Reducing safety risks, saving production costs, adapting to mass vaccination, and improving immunogenicity are important that must be considered in animal vaccines. Nanotechnology in vaccine development provides unique advantages in meeting these challenges, both at in vitro preparation and in vivo immune response levels. In terms of in vitro vaccine formulation, nanoparticles offer the possibility to provide multiple antigen display sites, maintain antigen conformation, and improve vaccine stability, which facilitates the development of vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity and thermal stability. In terms of in vivo vaccine‐induced immunity, nanoparticles show superior immunostimulatory activity which facilitates multiple immune response processes, including antigen delivery, cellular uptake, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte activation, thus markedly augmenting vaccine‐mediated immune responses. Herein, the application of nanotechnology to vaccine development and the characteristics of animal vaccines are reviewed, aiming to provide general guidelines for the design of future vaccines against animal infectious diseases and promote harmonious coexistence of humans and animals.
Dynamic Balance of Partial Charge for Small Organic Compound in Aqueous Zinc‐Organic Battery
Authors: Sun Tianjiang , Yi Zhehan , Zhang Weijia , Nian Qingshun , Fan Hong Jin , Tao Zhanliang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrganic cathodes for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) feature intrinsic flexibility and favorable kinetics, but they suffer from high solubility. Herein, a partial charge regulation strategy is deployed by designing a small organic molecule with extended π‐conjugated plane, namely benzo[i]benzo[6′,7′]quinoxalino[2′,3′:9,10]phenanthro[4,5‐abc]phenazine‐5,10,16,21‐tetraone (PTONQ). The charge equalization of active sites induced by the extended π‐conjugated plane of the PTONQ molecule combined with high aromaticity renders the molecule low solubility, fast charge transfer, and high structural stability. The fabricated Zn//PTONQ battery cycles more than 500 h at 175 mA g−1 with small capacity reduction, fast charged/discharged kinetics, and anti‐freeze performance (below ‐20°C). By a series of ex situ characterizations, it is attested that the capacity originates mainly from Zn2+ insertion/removal of PTONQ without H+ incorporation, which also accounts for the formation of Znx(CF3SO3)y(OH)2x‐y·nH2O by‐products. This result benefits the understanding of the by‐product formation mechanism of organic cathode and paves a new way to advance the aqueous Zn‐organic batteries.
Highly Tough and Biodegradable Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Based Bioadhesives for Large‐Scaled Liver Injury Hemostasis and Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Huang Yiqian , Jing Wei , Zeng Jianping , Xue Yunxia , Zhang Yan , Yu Xueqiao , Wei Pengfei , Zhao Bo , Dong Jiahong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConventional tissue adhesives face challenges for hemostasis and tissue regeneration in large‐scaled hemorrhage and capillary hypobaric bleeding due to weak adhesion, and inability to degrade at specific sites. Herein, convenient and injectable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based adhesives are developed to address the issues for liver hemostasis. The PEG‐bioadhesives are composed of tetra‐armed PEG succinimide glutarate (PEG‐SG), tetra‐armed PEG amine (PEG‐NH2), and tri‐lysine. By mixing the components, the PEG‐bioadhesives can be rapidly formulated for use of liver bleeding closure in hepatectomy. The PEG‐bioadhesives also possess mechanical compliance to native tissues (elastic modulus ≈40 kPa) and tough tissue adhesion (≈28 kPa), which enables sufficient adhering to the injured tissues and promotes liver regeneration with the PEG‐bioadhesive degradation. In both rats of liver injury and pigs of large‐scaled hepatic hemorrhage, the PEG‐bioadhesives show effective hemostasis with superior blood loss than conventional tissue adhesives. Due to biocompatibility and degradability, the PEG‐bioadhesive is advantageous for liver regeneration, while commercial adhesives (e.g., N‐octyl cyanoacrylate) display adhesion failure and limited liver reconstructions. These PEG‐bioadhesive components are FDA‐approved, and demonstrate excellent adhesion to various tissues not only for liver hemostasis, it is a promising candidate in biomedical translations and clinical applications.
Photocontrollable Elongation Actuation of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Films with Well‐Defined Crease Structures
Authors: Huang Yinliang , Xu Yiyi , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Liu Zhongcheng , Wang Jinyu , Tao Yu , Yang Tao , Huang Shuai , Yang Hong , Li Quan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have demonstrated various applications in artificial muscles and soft robotics, their inherent flexibility and orientation‐dependent forces limit their functions. For instance, LCEs can sustain a high actuation force when they contract but cannot elongate to drive loads with large displacements. In this study, it is demonstrated that photocontrollable elongation actuation with a large strain can be achieved in polydomain LCEs by programming the crease structures in a well‐defined order to couple the actuation forces. Efficient photoactuation without overheating‐induced damage to the materials is favored, based on the well‐designed photosensitive molecular switch crosslinker via the synergy of photochemical and photothermal effects. The LCE actuator can jack up heavy loads, elongate freely, and contract back to manipulate distant objects. Theoretical analysis based on a finite element simulation of the deformation energy during the actuation process reveals a trade‐off between the abilities of jacking‐up and withstanding load. More importantly, this study simplifies the design of a single material with functions inherent only in other soft robotic devices based on the assembly of multiple modules, thus providing a design strategy for surpassing instinctive properties of conventional soft materials to expand the functions of soft robotics.
Novel Gas Phase Route Toward Patterned Deposition of Sputter‐Free Pt/Al Nanofoils
Authors: Isaac Nishchay A. , Schlag Leslie , Ispas Adriana , Reiprich Johannes , Soydan Alper K. , Moreira Pedro H. O. , Thiele Sebastian , Aliabadian Bardia , Flock Dominik , Knauer Andrea , Jiménez Juan J. , Bund Andreas , Morales Francisco M. , Pezoldt Jörg , Jacobs Heiko O. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article reports a new approach toward fabrication and directed assembly of nanoparticulate reactive system (Nanofoils) on patterned substrates. Different from current state‐of‐the‐art, gas phase electrodeposition uses nanoparticles instead of atoms to form densely packed multilayered thin films at room temperature‐pressure. On ignition, the multilayer system undergoes an exothermic self‐propagating reaction. The numerous contact points between two metallic nanoparticulate layers aid in high heat release. Sub‐10‐nm Platinum (Pt) and Aluminum (Al) particles are synthesized through cathode erosion of metal electrodes in a flow of pure nitrogen gas (spark ablation). Pt/Al bilayer stacks with total thickness of 3–8 µm undergo self‐propagating reaction with a 10.3 mm s−1 wavefront velocity on local ignition. The reaction wavefront is captured using high speed videography. Calorimetry studies reveal two exothermic peaks suggesting Pt/Al alloy formation. The peak at 135 °C has a higher calorific value of 150 mW g−1 while the peak at 400 °C has a 12 mW g−1 exothermic peak. X‐ray diffraction study shows reaction‐products are cubic Al2Pt with small quantities of orthorhombic Al6Pt and orthorhombic AlPt2. Electron microscopy studies help draw a correlation between film morphology, bimetallic interface, nanoparticle oxidation, and self‐propagating reaction kinetics that is significant in broadening our understanding towards nanoparticulate reactive systems.
Bienzymatic Generation of Interpenetrating Polymer Networked Engineered Living Materials with Shape Changing Properties
Authors: Klemperer R. George , Shannon Mark R. , Ross Anderson J. L. , Perriman Adam W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of a porous shape‐changing interpenetrating network (IPN) bioink for the fabrication of large‐scale (cm) reversibly thermosensitive structures is described. The poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) IPN is generated in situ within an ionically crosslinked alginate hydrogel at room temperature and under aerobic conditions using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/glucose oxidase (GOx) bienzymatic initiation system. Mechanical testing assessment of the IPN hydrogels confirm mechanical reinforcement via covalent single network interdigitation. Furthermore, the thermosensitive bioink can be used to print biohybrid reactors containing genetically engineered phosphotriesterase‐expressing E. coli capable of hydrolyzing toxic organophosphorus compounds. Herein, increasing the bioink pore size using the contractile‐thermosensitive response of the IPN improves the temperature‐dependent theoretical mass‐transfer‐limited enzyme catalyzed reaction rate, providing a plausible route to externally regulated enzymatic catalysis within bioprinted structures.
Direct Ink Writing of Nanocellulose and PEDOT:PSS for Flexible Electronic Patterned and Supercapacitor Papers
Authors: Lay Makara , Say Mehmet Girayhan , Engquist Isak 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrinted electronic paper identifies its interest in flexible organic electronics and sustainable and clean energy applications because of its straightforward production method, cost‐effectiveness, and positive environmental impact. However, current limitations include restricted material thickness and the use of supporting substrate for printing. Here, 2D and 3D electronic patterned paper are fabricated from direct ink writing (DIW) nanocellulose and PEDOT:PSS‐based materials using syringe deposition and 3D printing. The conductor patterns are integrated in the bulk of the paper, while non‐conductive sections are used as support to form free‐standing paper. The strong interface between the patterns of electronic patterned paper gives mechanical stability for practical handling. The conductive paper‐based electrode has 202 S cm−1 and is capable of handling electric current up to 0.7 A, which can be used for high‐power devices. Printed supercapacitor papers show high specific energy of 4.05 Wh kg−1, specific power of 4615 W kg−1 at 0.06 A g−1, and capacitance retention above 95% after 2000 cycles. The new design structure of electronic patterned papers presents a solution for additive manufacturing of paper‐based composites for supercapacitors, wearable electronics, or sensors for smart packaging.
A Novel Al–Cu Composite with Ultra‐High Strength at 350 °C via Dual‐Phase Particle Reinforced Submicron‐Structure
Authors: Xie Kewei , Nie Jinfeng , Liu Chang , Cha Wenhao , Wu Ge , Liu Xiangfa , Liu Sida 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThermal stability determines a material's ability to maintain its performance at desired service temperatures. This is especially important for aluminum (Al) alloys, which are widely used in the commercial sector. Herein, an ultra‐strong and heat‐resistant Al‐Cu composite is fabricated with a structure of nano‐AlN and submicron‐Al2O3 particles uniformly distributed in the matrix. At 350 °C, the (8.2AlN+1Al2O3)p/Al‐0.9Cu composite achieves a high strength of 187 MPa along with a 4.6% ductility under tension. The high strength and good ductility benefit from strong pinning effect on dislocation motion and grain boundary sliding by uniform dispersion of nano‐AlN particles, in conjunction with the precipitation of Guinier–Preston (GP) zones, enhancing strain hardening capacity during plastic deformation. This work can expand the selection of Al–Cu composites for potential applications at service temperatures as high as ≈350 °C.