bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of anemia among reproductive women in different social group in India: Cross-sectional study using nationally representative data
Authors: Sharif Nowaj , Das Bhaswati , Alam Asraful 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe common cause of anemia in the general population is iron deficiency. Anemia is adversely affecting women of reproductive age and child health which in turn results in increased morbidity and maternal death, and also hamper social-economic growth. Reproductive women are more prone to anemia due to inadequate dietary intake and iron loss during menstruation and pregnancy.ObjectivesThis study examined the level and trend of anemia prevalence among the socially disadvantaged group (SC&ST, OBC) of women as compared to the other women (general) and identified the main responsible factors behind this.Data and methodsThe data for this analysis has been taken from three rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted during 2005–2006 (NFHS 3), 2015–16 (NFHS 4) and 2019–21 (NFHS 5). Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to assess the level of anemia among reproductive age group women of different social groups. The regression model represents the relative risk of different confounding factors on the occurrence of anemia. GIS technique used for graphical representation of anemia prevalence rate among different social groups of women in different states of India.ResultIn India more than 15 states belong to the high prevalence (>%55) of anemia among socially backward groups in 2019–21. The anemia prevalence was high (>55%) in all social groups (SC & ST, OBC, general) observed in 7 states in NFHS-3, 4 in NFHS-4 and 11 states in NFHS-5. The overall result reveals that the SC&ST women were more prone to any anemia than OBC and general women and the prevalence rate slightly increased from 2005–06 to 2019–21. Among all variables, economic status dominantly controls the anemia level in all social groups. Anemia prevalence of the poor and poorest group of general women were much worse than the women of richer and richest groups of SC&ST, OBC. The odds of women having anemia were lower among higher educated and urban women as compared to the non educated and rural women, irrespective of social group. The prevalence of anemia decreases with increased age of women and increases with the number of child bearing. All differences were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe problem of iron deficiency remains a major issue in India, where the majority of the states (eastern, north-eastern and central) suffer from high anemia prevalence rate and it increases over time. It is observed that multiple socio-demographic factors ranging from poor economic and educational status, rural residence to higher childbearing of women are responsible for predicting anemia levels among the social groups of women in India. To eradicate this problem India should improve women’s overall nutrition status and their income. Meanwhile, GOI should be more focused on the existing policies related to anemia and on their actual implementation on grassroots level.
Serum lactate dehydrogenase is associated with impaired lung function: NHANES 2011–2012
Authors: Hu Sheng , Ye Jiayue , Guo Qiang , Zou Sheng , Zhang Wenxiong , Zhang Deyuan , Zhang Yang , Wang Silin , Su Lang , Wei Yiping 
Published: February 2023

Background
Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels reflect disease status in a variety of organs, but its role in indicating pulmonary function is not yet clear. Therefore, this study explored the correlation between pulmonary function and serum lactate dehydrogenase, and investigated thresholds for changes in pulmonary function indicators in the total population as well as in different strata of the population.

Methods
Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012 (n = 3453), univariate and stratified analyses were performed to investigate factors associated with pulmonary function, and multiple regression analysis was used to further investigate the specific relationship with serum lactate dehydrogenase. Smoothed curve fitting, threshold effect and saturation effect analysis were used to explore the threshold level of serum lactate dehydrogenase at the onset of changes in pulmonary function indicators.

Results
Adjusted smoothed curve fit plots showed a linear relationship between serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second: for each 1 U/L increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, forced vital capacity decreased by 1.24 mL (95% CI = -2.05, -0.42, P = 0.0030) and forced expiratory volume in one second by 1.11 mL (95% CI = -1.82, -0.39, P = 0.0025).

Conclusions
Serum lactate dehydrogenase was negatively and linearly correlated with pulmonary function indices in the total population analyzed. Based on the total population and different population stratifications, this study determined the threshold values of serum lactate dehydrogenase at the onset of decline of pulmonary function in different populations. This provides a new serological monitoring indicator for patients suffering from respiratory diseases and has implications for patients with possible clinical impairment of pulmonary function. However, our cross-sectional study was not able to determine a causal relationship between these two factors, and further research is needed.
Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus and compliance with hepatitis B vaccination schedules among outpatient clinic attendees in Nairobi
Authors: Langat Benard , Muge Edward K. , Night Doris , Okoth Fredrick , Ochwedo Kevin O. , Songok Elijah M. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundHepatitis B is becoming a growing public health problem in Kenya. To combat the threat, HBV vaccination should be recommended, particularly for individuals who are not covered by the national immunization program. Vaccination provides sero-protection rates approaching 95% among healthy adults after completing the three-dose vaccination course, but decreases to 87% among those who receive only two doses, emphasizing the importance of completing the three-dose vaccination course. However, data on adult adherence to HBV multi-dose vaccines in Sub-Saharan Africa are limited, despite the fact that this information is critical for prevention. As a result, more research on HBV vaccine dose completion is required. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among out-patient clinic attendees in Nairobi, Kenya, as well as to identify beneficiaries of free vaccination and barriers to completing the recommended vaccine doses.MethodsBetween July 30thand September 30th, 2015, 2644 outpatient clinic attendees aged ≥ 4 were recruited from three hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya: Mama Lucy, Riruta, and Loco. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic information, and blood samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using the KEMRI HEPCELL Rapid® (Hepatitis B Detection kit) test kit. Individuals who tested negative for HBsAg were given a free course of three doses of HBV vaccine. The vaccination register provided information on the number of doses administered.ResultsThe average age of the study population was 31.4 years (range: 4–66), with females accounting for 59.2%. 1.82% (48/2644) of the participants tested positive for HBsAg. Among the 2596 individuals eligible for vaccination, 66% (1720/2596) received at least one dose, and 51.8% (1345/2596) received all three doses. Vaccination acceptance increased with age, with older patients more likely to return for subsequent dose (OR>1 for second and third dose). Unavailability and failure to contact client were cited as significant (p<0.0001) barrier to vaccination completion by 53.7% (666/1226, 95% CI 0.5–0.6) and 37% (454/1226, 95% CI 0.3–0.4) of respondents respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of HBV infection among outpatient clinic attendees highlights the importance of expanding HBV immunization programs in Kenya. However, given the low vaccination completion rate, there is a need for public awareness of the vaccine’s importance in preventing HBV and HBV-related complications.
Estratigrafía, radiocarbono y producción textil: seriación cronotipológica de las pesas de telar de la Edad del Bronce en el cuadrante suroriental de la península ibérica
Authors: Basso Rial Ricardo , Jover Maestre Francisco Javier , L´ópez Padilla Juan Antonio 
Published: February 2023

En este artículo se pretende evidenciar la importancia que, como indicador cronológico, posee en el cuadrante suroriental de la península ibérica uno de los objetos del registro arqueológico de la Edad del Bronce hasta ahora no considerados: las pesas de telar. A partir del análisis de su seriación tipológica, debidamente concatenada con la información contextual de aparición en ámbitos de hábitat y cronoestratigráfica a partir de dataciones absolutas asociadas de yacimientos argáricos, del Bronce Valenciano y del Bronce en La Mancha, se muestra cómo más allá de las implicaciones que sus cambios morfológicos pudieron tener en el marco de las innovaciones técnicas y en la organización de la artesanía textil a lo largo más de un milenio, también pueden ser empleadas como un indicador cronológico fiable en la ordenación temporal de contextos de hábitat.
Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Acute Infectious Gastroenteritis Among Adults Treated in Outpatient Settings in US Health Systems
Authors: Moon Rena C. , Bleak Tammy C. , Rosenthal Ning A. , Couturier Brianne , Hemmert Rachael , Timbrook Tristan T. , Brown Harold , Fang Ferric C. 
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Acute infectious gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common reason for outpatient visits and hospitalizations in the United States. This study aimed to understand the demographic and clinical characteristics, common pathogens detected, health care resource utilization (HRU), and cost among adult outpatients with AGE visiting US health systems.

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using one of the largest hospital discharge databases (PINC AI Healthcare Database) in the United States. Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with a principal diagnosis of AGE during an outpatient visit between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2021, were included. Pathogen detection analysis was performed in those with microbiology data available.

RESULTS:
Among 248,896 patients, the mean age was 44.3 years (range 18–89+ years), 62.9% were female, and 68.5% were White. More than half (62.0%) of the patients did not have any preexisting comorbidity, and only 18.3% underwent stool workup at the hospital. Most patients (84.7%) were seen in the emergency department, and most (96.4%) were discharged home. Within 30 days of discharge, 1.0% were hospitalized, and 2.8% had another outpatient visit due to AGE. The mean cost of the index visit plus 30-day AGE-related follow-up was $1,338 per patient, amounting to $333,060,182 for the total study population. Among patients with microbiology data available (n = 12,469), common pathogens detected were Clostridioides difficile (32.2%), norovirus (6.3%), and Campylobacter spp. (4.0%).

DISCUSSION:
AGE is a common and costly disease affecting adults of all ages and more females than males, including individuals with or without baseline conditions in a hospital-based outpatient setting. C. difficile was the most common pathogen detected.
Early Antibody Dynamics in a Prospective Cohort of Children At Risk of Celiac Disease
Authors: Valitutti Francesco , Leonard Maureen M. , Kenyon Victoria , Montuori Monica , Piemontese Pasqua , Francavilla Ruggiero , Malamisura Basilio , Norsa Lorenzo , Calvi Angela , Lionetti Maria Elena , Baldassarre Mariella , Trovato Chiara Maria , Perrone Michela , Passaro Tiziana , Sansotta Naire , Crocco Marco , Morelli Annalisa , Raguseo Lidia Celeste , Malerba Federica , Elli Luca , Cristofori Fernanda , Catassi Carlo , Fasano Alessio ,   CD-GEMM Team
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION:
The purpose of this study was to identify possible serum biomarkers predicting celiac disease (CD) onset in children at risk.

METHODS:
A subgroup from an ongoing, international prospective study of children at risk of CD was classified according to an early trajectory of deamidated gliadin peptides (DGPs) immunoglobulin (Ig) G and clinical outcomes (CD, potential CD, and CD autoimmunity).

RESULTS:
Thirty-eight of 325 children developed anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody (anti-tTG IgA) seroconversion. Twenty-eight of 38 children (73.6%) showed an increase in anti-DGPs IgG before their first anti-tTG IgA seroconversion.

DISCUSSION:
Anti-DGPs IgG can represent an early preclinical biomarker predicting CD onset in children at risk.
HEGEMONI OLIGARKI DAN AMBRUKNYA SUPREMASI HUKUM
Authors: Suteki Suteki 
Published: February 2023

Hukum, demokrasi dan hak asasi manusia mempunyai hubungan yang bersifat piramidal. Baik buruknya citra negara hukum akan memengaruhi perwujudan demokrasi. Sementara itu, supremasi hukum merupakan suatu prinsip yang harus diutamakan dalam penyelenggaraan negara hukum. Supremasi hukum dapat ambruk oleh dominasi atau hegemoni kekuasaan baik dari aspek penguasa pemerintahan, pengusaha hingga partai politik. Studi dalam perspektif hukum dan masyarakat ini penting untuk memahami bagaimana hubungan implikatif antara hegemoni oligarki terhadap supremasi hukum di negara demokrasi Indonesia tersebut. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa ketika parpol seakan menganut sistem oligarki maka terjadilah pembungkaman suara rakyat hingga timbul rasa apatis di sebagian besar kalangan masyarakat terhadap politik itu sendiri. Pada akhirnya, oligarki kekuasaan dapat menyebabkan collaps-nya negara hukum dan dengan sendirinya prinsip-prinsip demokrasi akan mati. Ketika oligarki kekuasaan muncul, mesin demokrasi pun sebenarnya telah mengalami senjakala. Pertanyaan tentang “How Democracies Die” dengan demikian sudah terjawab. Jalan keluar mengurangi hegemoni oligarki hingga supremasi hukum terwujud ialah menerapkan sistem hukum berkeadilan ala Islam dengan prinsip: tidak boleh dipengaruhi oleh rasa suka atau tak suka, kawan atau lawan, dekat atau jauh. Selain itu, tidak boleh dipengaruhi oleh rasa kasihan sehingga berakibat tidak menjalankan hukum terhadap pelaku kriminal, serta hukum berlaku untuk semua.
KEADILAN RESTORATIF DALAM PENERAPAN DIVERSI TERHADAP PELAKU KLITIH DI D.I.YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Pribadi Bagas 
Published: February 2023

Kejahatan tindak pidana penganiayaan oleh anak di bawah umur di wilayah D.I.Yogyakarta atau yang dikenal dengan klitih merupakan salah satu tindak pidana yang penyelesaiannya melalui penerapan sistem diversi, diversi diterapkan dengan tujuan mencapai nilai keadilan restoratif bagi pelaku dan korban. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektifitas dari penerapan diversi terhadap pelaku klitih dalam mencapai keadilan restorative dalam bentuk perlindungan hak anak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan dengan menggunakan bahan sekunder berupa tulisan ilmiah seperti buku, artikel hukum maupun undang-undang. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan diversi pada pelaku klitih dapat menjadi sarana pemulihan dari apa yang menjadi faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana klitih, seperti faktor psikis dari keluarga maupun faktor lingkungan yang buruk, pemulihan dilakukan melalui pembinaan dengan keterlibatan masyarakat sekitar, dengan begitu anak sebagai pelaku klitih dapat terhindar dari stigma negatif di masyarakat dan dapat memperbaiki kesalahannya sekaligus terlindungi haknya dalam tumbuh kembang.
Konsep Ideal Pencegahan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Terhadap Perempuan
Authors: Sopacua Margie Gladies 
Published: February 2023

Hubungan antara suami dengan isteri seharusnya dilandasi dengan nuansa yang harmonis dan bahagia, tetapi pada kenyataanya isteri sering menghadapi tindakan kekerasan oleh suami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep pencegahan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) yang ideal terhadap perempuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa konsep pencegahan KDRT yang mana isteri sebagai korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga ternyata masih menjadi problematis setelah adanya pengaturan dari Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga, untuk itulah harus dibentuk sebuah sistem pencegahan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga terhadap isteri yang ideal, diantaranya yaitu dengan membentuk kaidah sistem pencegahan dan menyediakan rumah perlindungan yang aman. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu konsep yang ideal yaitu membentuk konsep kaidah hukum sistem pencegahan pada setiap orang atau manusia, yang mengatur bahwa barang siapa dengan sengaja membiarkan seorang dalam keadaan terancam fisik, psikis, seksual atau terlantar, karena kekerasan fisik maupun verbal, atau membiarkan seorang dalam keadaan luka, sengsara, atau menderita akibat kekerasan fisik, sedangkan menurut hukum yang berlaku ia wajib memberi laporan kepada RT atau RW atau kepala desa atau lurah atau polisi, akan diberikan sanksi hukuman.
Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia Di Masa Adaptasi Kebiasaaan Baru Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Elviandri Elviandri , Shaleh Ali Ismail 
Published: February 2023

Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) adalah Warga Negara Indonesia yang sebelum bekerja, setelah bekerja dan akan bekerja di luar negeri menurut Undang Undang Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Migran. Badan Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (BP2MI) memiliki peran penting dalam penyaluran PMI baik sebelum bekerja,telah bekerja dan akan bekerja di luar negeri, sehingga pada era Covid-19 terdapat berbagai kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah untuk perlindungan PMI di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran BP2MI dalam perlindungan PMI di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Sekaligus menganalisis kendala yang dihadapi BP2MI dalam Perlindungan PMI di masa New Normal di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan pendekatan Yuridis Empiris yang diperoleh melalui data primer dan sekunder yang dianalisis menggunakan metode Analisis Kualitatif. Pada hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wabah Covid 19 telah mempengaruhi pengiriman PMI ke luar negeri sehingga pengiriman PMI mengalami penurunan pada rentang waktu tahun 2020 sehingga peranan lembaga BP2MI sangat mendesak dalam melindungi PMI di luar negeri di masa new normal berdasarkan Undang-Undang Perlindungan PMI dan Kpeputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja tentang masa adaptasi baru (New Normal), Pada rentang waktu tahun 2020 BP2MI harus menjamin perlindungan terhadap setiap PMI yang akan di salurkan melalui Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan berkoordinasi dengan P3MI sebagai perusahaan penyalur sehingga keamanan dan keselamatan terpenuhi bagi setiap PMI di masa adaptasi kebiasaan baru dewasa ini.
Medium and high energy electron detectors onboard BeiDou navigation satellite in MEO
Authors: Zhang Huanxin , Shen Guohong , Zhang Shenyi , Quan Lin , Tian Chao , Cui Xiangtang , Tuo Changsheng , Hou Donghui , Sun Ying , Cheng Lihui , Zhou Ping , Ji Wentao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This work introduces the instruments’ design of multi-directional medium-energy electron detector (energy range: 30–770 keV) and high-energy electron detector (energy range: 400 keV to 5.8 MeV) deployed on one of the BeiDou navigation satellites in medium earth orbit. Through the electromagnetic compatibility design, the problem of the detector signal being susceptible to electromagnetic interference is solved and the lower detection limit reaches a very low level of 20 keV. The proton contamination in the electron measurement can be effectively removed by designing the light-blocking layer and the logical working mode of the sensors. The detector circuits and sensor structure are optimized and the miniaturization of the instrument is realized. This study also introduces the calibration method of the detectors, and gives the ground test results, which can provide a basis for the on-orbit calibration and data processing of the instrument.
Die Migration der Bibliographia Cartographica
Authors: Engelhardt Franziska , Freitag Nicole , Wildermuth Miriam 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die Bibliographia Cartographica ist seit fast 50 Jahren eine wichtige Recherchequelle der internationalen kartographischen Fachcommunity. Ursprünglich als Druckausgabe veröffentlicht und dann in eine Datenbank migriert, muss sie aktuell, funktional und erweiterbar bleiben. Aus diesem Grund wurden ihre Daten aus veralteten Datenbankstrukturen in den Verbundkatalog des GBV migriert. Der Artikel beschreibt Herausforderungen und Arbeitsschritte dieses Migrationsprojekts, in dessen Mittelpunkt das Werkzeug OpenRefine stand. Weiterhin werden alle dafür verwendeten Tools vorgestellt und das erforderliche Mapping der Daten ins PICA-Format beschrieben.
Simultaneous extraction of uranium and niobium from a low-grade natural betafite ore
Authors: Lv Zihu , Zhao Dengkui , Sun Qiliang , Liu Changmiao , Cheng Hongwei , Yang Fei , Zhang Bo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This work efficiently investigated the simultaneous extraction of uranium (U) and niobium (Nb) from a low-grade natural betafite ore by using novel technique, namely, sulfatizing roasting coupled to sulfuric acid leaching process. First, the sulfatizing roasting was adopted to alert the properties of the raw ore, aiming to destroy the crystal structure of the ores and convert the valuable elements to soluble sulfate compounds. Moreover, the influences of the parameters affecting the sulfatizing roasting including roasting temperature, amount of sulfuric acid, and roasting time were studied. The results indicated that the extraction of U and Nb from the ores with sulfatizing roasting was an order of magnitude higher than the extraction of U and Nb from the ores without roasting under the same test conditions. Then, the effects of amount of sulfuric acid concentration, liquid–solid ratio, leaching temperature, and leaching time on U and Nb recoveries were systematically investigated. To verify the process parameters of extracting U and Nb for the novel technique, three validating tests were conducted, and the results showed that over 95% of U and 85% of Nb were leached out under the optimal conditions. The novel technique was proven as advantageous since it conspicuously improved the leaching rates of U and Nb and promoted the refractory natural betafite ores to become an economic source for uranium.
The relationship between multilingual ability and poverty in Southwest China
Authors: Yuan Yichuan , Duan Yuanbing , Feng Zhiwen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Language plays a pivotal role in poverty alleviation. This article aims to explore the relationship between multilingual ability and poverty in Southwest China. By adopting a mixed design, this article studies the multilingual ability, occasions for language use, and attitudes towards the importance of language of the participants, as well as the correlations between the participants’ multilingual ability and the cause of poverty in relation to monthly household income. The sample comes from the mainstream Han ethnic group and 13 ethnic minority groups in 34 border poverty counties in Yunnan, Guangxi, and Tibet. The investigation concludes that Mandarin Chinese ability and local dialect ability quantitatively influence the income of the documented households, while ethnic minority language ability and English language ability qualitatively influence their household income to some degree. It is hoped that this study will provide both theoretical and practical implications for rural language strategies in the post-poverty alleviation period and rural revitalization in China.