bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prognostic significance of 1q21 gain/amplification in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma： a single‑center real world retrospective study of China
Authors: Li Ye , Deng Jing-jing , Chen Wen-ming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The gain or amplification 1q21(1q21+) is the most common abnormality in multiple myeloma, but their prognostic impact remains under debate in the era of novel agents. In addition, the prognosis of the 1q21 copy number is controversial. In this retrospective study, cytogenetic abnormalities detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and clinical outcomes of 375 newly diagnosed MM patients were analyzed. 1q21 + was detected in 164 (43.7%) patients, including 103 (27.5%) with 3 copies and 61(16.3%) with ≥4 copies. Patients with 1q21 were more likely to be accompanied by anemia and hypercalcemia and were also associated with the accompaniment of other high-risk cytogenetics abnormalities (HRCAs) such as t (4;14), t(14;16) (p༜0.001;p = 0.002 ). The median progression-free survival (PFS) of 1q21-, 1q21 gain, and 1q21 amp was not reached (NR), 35 months and 21 months, respectively (p < 0.001), and the median overall survival (OS) was NR, 56 months and NR, respectively (p = 0.049). And compared with 1q21gain, 1q21 amp has shorter PFS (p = 0.007), but not the OS (p = 0.258). Meanwhile, there was no difference outcome of survival between patients with 1q21gain alone,1q21amp alone, and FISH-. When accompanied by different HRCAs, 1q21 showed earlier disease progression than 1q21 + alone and FISH-. Combined application of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and immunomodulators (IMiDs) could improve the poor prognosis of 1q21 partly, and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) could prolong the survival of 1q21 + patients (p༜0.001). Hence, when coexisted with other cytogenetics abnormalities (CAs), 1q21 showed a relatively poor prognosis, especially 1q21amp.
Effectiveness of an educational and support intervention to increase breastfeeding, improve nutrition and reduce environmental impact: The GREEN MOTHER-II Project, an intervention study protocol
Authors: Cabedo-Ferreiro Rosa Maria , Liutsko Liudmila , Cos-Busquets Judit , García-Sierra Rosa , Colldeforns-Vidal Margalida , Reyes-Lacalle Azahara , Vicente-Hernández Mª Mercedes , Masvidal Miriam Gómez , Montero-Pons Laura , Cazorla-Ortiz Gemma , Torán-Monserrat Pere , Violán Concepció , Falguera-Puig Gemma 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of the educational intervention on breastfeeding was shown in previous studies. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal educational and support intervention on exclusive breastfeeding rates from a holistic point of view. We will study the environmental impacts of three feeding types (exclusive breastfeeding, mixed and formula feeding), including accessories used, as well as the mother's diet and other relevant factors to reduce the carbon footprint.
Methods: This is a prospective multicenter intervention study (Phase II of the GREEN MOTHER project) that will last from 24 weeks of pregnancy until 4-6 weeks after birth, with additional observations of feeding types at 1, 3, 4 and 6 months. The results on rates of different lactation types and duration together with environmental impacts associated to diet and feeding will be compared between 2 groups: 1) an experimental group, which will receive a multimodal educational and support intervention on healthy and sustainable nutrition and breastfeeding, and environmental impacts associated with both; and 2) a control group, which will receive standard educational courses and care.
This project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Jordi Gol i Gurina University Institute Foundation for Primary Health Care Research (IDIAP) under code 22/101-P dated 22/02/2023.
Discussion: To increase awareness of the environmental impacts of different types of lactation and mother’s diet will be disseminated among relevant professionals and stakeholders: community health worker associations and the general public.
ClusterDE: a post-clustering differential expression (DE) method robust to false-positive inflation caused by double dipping
Authors: Li Jingyi Jessica , Song Dongyuan , Li Kexin , Ge Xinzhou 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In typical single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data analysis, a clustering algorithm is applied to find putative cell types as clusters, and then a statistical differential expression (DE) test is employed to identify the differentially expressed (DE) genes between the cell clusters. However, this common procedure uses the same data twice, an issue known as “double dipping”: the same data is used twice to define cell clusters as potential cell types and DE genes as potential cell-type marker genes, leading to false-positive cell-type marker genes even when the cell clusters are spurious. To overcome this challenge, we propose ClusterDE, a post-clustering DE method for controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) of identified DE genes regardless of clustering quality, which can work as an add-on to popular pipelines such as Seurat. The core idea of ClusterDE is to generate real-data-based synthetic null data containing only one cluster, as contrast to the real data, for evaluating the whole procedure of clustering followed by a DE test. Using comprehensive simulation and real data analysis, we show that ClusterDE has not only solid FDR control but also the ability to identify cell-type marker genes as top DE genes and distinguish them from housekeeping genes. ClusterDE is fast, transparent, and adaptive to a wide range of clustering algorithms and DE tests. Besides scRNA-seq data, ClusterDE is generally applicable to post-clustering DE analysis, including single-cell multi-omics data analysis.
External validation and biomarker assessment of a high-risk, data-driven pediatric sepsis phenotype characterized by persistent hypoxemia, encephalopathy, and shock.
Authors: Atreya Mihir R. , Bennett Tellen D. , Geva Alon , Faustino E. Vincent S. , Rogerson Colin M. , Lutfi Riad , Cvijanovich Natalie Z. , Bigham Michael T. , Nowak Jeffrey , Schwarz Adam J. , Baines Torrey , Haileselassie Bereketeab , Thomas Neal J. , Luo Yuan , Sanchez-Pinto L. Nelson 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Identification of children with sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) at risk for poor outcomes remains a challenge. Data-driven phenotyping approaches that leverage electronic health record (EHR) data hold promise given the widespread availability of EHRs. We sought to externally validate the data-driven ‘persistent hypoxemia, encephalopathy, and shock’ (PHES) phenotype and determine its association with inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers, as well as biomarker-based pediatric risk-strata.
Design:
We trained and validated a random forest classifier using organ dysfunction subscores in the EHR dataset used to derive the PHES phenotype. We used the classifier to assign phenotype membership in a test set consisting of prospectively enrolled pediatric septic shock patients. We compared biomarker profiles of those with and without the PHES phenotype and determined the association with established biomarker-based mortality and MODS risk-strata.
Setting:
25 pediatric intensive care units (PICU) across the U.S.
Patients:
EHR data from 15,246 critically ill patients sepsis-associated MODS and 1,270 pediatric septic shock patients in the test cohort of whom 615 had biomarker data.
Interventions:
None
Measurements and Main Results:
The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of the new classifier to predict PHES phenotype membership was 0.91(95%CI, 0.90–0.92) in the EHR validation set. In the test set, patients with the PHES phenotype were independently associated with both increased odds of complicated course (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of 4.1, 95%CI: 3.2–5.4) and 28-day mortality (aOR of 4.8, 95%CI: 3.11–7.25) after controlling for age, severity of illness, and immuno-compromised status. Patients belonging to the PHES phenotype were characterized by greater degree of systemic inflammation and endothelial activation, and overlapped with high risk-strata based on PERSEVERE biomarkers predictive of death and persistent MODS.
Conclusions
The PHES trajectory-based phenotype is reproducible, independently associated with poor clinical outcomes, and overlap with higher risk-strata based on validated biomarker approaches.
Building MODFLOW Model in ModelMuse GUI For Bari Doab
Authors: Basharat Muhammad , Jawad Muhammad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This steady state groundwater model was developed in ModelMuse GUI developed by USGS, for irrigated areas of Bari Doab with an area of 2.95657 Mha (million hectares) GCA (gross command area). Under this study, the data of depth to watertable in all canal commands of Bari Doab was also collected and analyzed. Canal water supplies have recharged the aquifer and created a groundwater resource in the command areas. Continued abstraction and extensive exploitation of groundwater have resulted in the depletion of the ground watertable especially in fresh groundwater areas. Although there is clear evidence of groundwater over exploitation, in the form of falling watertables, even then, hundreds of new wells are being installed every year without knowing the sustainability of the aquifer for meeting this increased demand.
For this purpose, ModelMuse GUI (graphical user interface), which is downloadable without any fee, was used for building MODFLOW model for Bari Doab, which can be used for different scenario simulations such as climate change and re-allocation. Model was calibrated and graphs were prepared in Excel. According to the calibration results, farmers are pumping 50 to 60 % higher than canal and rainfall recharge to groundwater.
Epidemiology Of Hepatitis C In Hemodialysis Patients (A cross-sectional study)
Authors: Khdair Tarek , Alfawares Maamoun , Assaf Nihad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: Patients undergoing dialysis are at risk of infection with hepatitis C virus due to repeated blood transfusions, frequent hospitalizations and admissions to non-sterile dialysis units where hepatitis C virus prevalence is high, duration of dialysis and non-compliance with internationally recommended general precautions. A study of the prevalence of hepatitis C among hemodialysis patients in the dialysis unit in Damascus Hospitals and the Surgical College in Damascus.
Methods and materials: A retrospective cross-sectional study This study targeted the patients of Damascus Hospital and the College of Surgical Hospital in Damascus. Where the sample was randomly selected, about (200) patients were selected who met specific acceptance criteria, the most important of which is the presence of adequate information in the file, while all patients were excluded according to specific exclusion criteria.
Results: The sample included 200 patients (37% males), (63% females), the average age was (67 ± 19 years), and the age group most present in the study was (more than 60 years), and the percentage of smokers was 20%, and the average period of referral was in months 18 months and the percentage of patients with hepatitis C (24%).
Conclusion: There was a statistically significant relationship between each of the values of (ALT, AST, ALP) and infection with hepatitis C, where the statistical significance was less than 0.05. There was a statistically significant relationship between each of the dialysis period, the value of Creatine, urea, history of renal transfusion, and infection with hepatitis C, where the statistical significance was less than 0.05.
MI²T-UNet: Integrating Multi-Scale Input Image and Top-hat Context for Infrared Small Object Segmentation
Authors: Shah Imad Ali , Khalil Ihsan Ullah , Shah Mian Ibad Ali , Mohamed Nachaat , Ali Enas , Ghoneim Sherif S. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The segmentation of small objects in the infrared spectrum, commonly referred to as Infrared Small Object Segmentation (ISOS), holds significant importance in many applications, including but not limited to target detection, surveillance, and autonomous navigation. The task of achieving precise image segmentation of objects of interest is formidable, owing to the diminutive size of the objects in question, the intricate nature of the background, and the limited contrast differential. This research introduces a novel mobile-UNet architecture with attention gates, namely MI2T-UNet, which leverages multi-scale input images and top-hat operation. The proposed methodology involves the implementation of architectural modifications to improve the scale adaptation of the model. Specifically, these modifications include concatenating down-scaled input images with corresponding encoder layers, utilizing multi-kernel top-hats in the encoders and attention gates, and integrating encoder outputs with subsequent encoder layers to facilitate progressive information flow. This article also compares the proposed architecture against the top-performing models on the SIRST and IRSTD datasets, utilizing metrics for pixel level such as IoU/NIoU, object level including Pd/Fa, and model level comprising F-Score/AUC. The experimental results demonstrate that MI2T-UNet outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of segmentation, with an average margin of over 1±0.25% for evaluation metrics. This research contributes to the ISOS field by proposing a novel approach to enhance the discriminating ability of the network. Specifically, a modified mobile-UNet has been developed, tailored to the ISOS requirements. The proposed approach has the potential to make significant strides in infrared image analysis and streamline various applications that hinge on precise ISOS.
Blocked Cross–Validation: A Precise and Efficient Method for Hyperparameter Tuning
Authors: Merola Giovanni Maria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hyperparameter tuning plays a crucial role in optimizing the performance of predictive learners. Cross--validation (CV) is a widely adopted technique for estimating the error of different hyperparameter settings. Repeated cross--validation (RCV) has been commonly employed to reduce the variability of CV errors. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach called blocked cross--validation (BCV), where the repetitions are blocked with respect to both CV partition and the random behavior of the learner. Theoretical analysis and empirical experiments demonstrate that BCV provides more precise error estimates compared to RCV, even with a significantly reduced number of runs. We present extensive examples using real--world data sets to showcase the effectiveness and efficiency of BCV in hyperparameter tuning. Our results indicate that BCV outperforms RCV in hyperparameter tuning, achieving greater precision with fewer computations.
Evaluating Agile Neural Educational System for Effective Resource Management.
Authors: Missah Yaw Marfo , Inusah Fuseini , Ussiph Najim , Frimpong Twum 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The major challenge of most schools is inadequate educational resources despite a conscious effort to constantly provide resources. This is a result of inaccurate data management leading to inappropriate predictions for effective planning. The actual efficiency of a system is determined by its ability to predict real-life data with speed and accuracy. In this work, the neural educational expert system (ES) is evaluated using mathematical models for predicting the availability of resources for the growing school-aged population using a criteria-based formative evaluation to know resource life and its effect on availability. This will help in the decision to add more resources by knowing when and how the resources should be added. Technical mathematical model generation through differential equations is used to fuse the factors affecting the availability of educational resources. The real-life data is used in prediction regarding the actual enrolment of learners and the availability of resources. The model is evaluated and critically analyzed to know the degree of accuracy and the steady state. The findings revealed that the resources decay and attrite at an exponential rate in the long run and the constant number of resources provided cannot cater for the rate of decay, resulting in inadequacy. A proposed algorithm for managing the resources is presented.
Modeling of discharge in compound open channels with convergent and divergent floodplains using soft computing methods
Authors: Bijanvand Sajad , Mohammadi Mirali , Parsaie Abbas , Mandala Vishwanadham 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this research, the estimation of discharge in compound open channels with convergent and divergent floodplains using soft computing methods, including the neural fuzzy group method of data handling (NF-GMDH), support vector regression (SVR), and M5 tree algorithm were performed. For this purpose, the geometric and hydraulic characteristics of the flow, including relative roughness (ff), relative area (Ar), relative hydraulic radius (Rr), relative dimension of the flow aspects (δ*), relative width (β), relative flow depth (Dr), relative longitudinal distance (Xr), convergent or divergent angle (θ) of the floodplain and longitudinal slope (So) of the bed were used as input variables and discharge was considered as the target (output) variable. The results showed that the statistical indices of the NF-GMDH in the testing stage are RMSENF-GMDH = 0.004, R2NF-GMDH = 0.923 and in the same stage for SVR are RMSESVR= 0.002 and R2SVR = 0.941 and finally for M5 tree algorithm are RMSEM5 = 0.002, R2M5= 0.931. The evaluation of the structure of the M5 tree algorithm showed that the most effective parameters are ff, Dr, Rr, δ*, and θ which confirm the important parameters specified by MARS, GMDH, and GEP algorithms used by previous researchers.
Rare earth ions (La3+, Nd3+) substituted cobalt–strontium spinel ferrites for photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes
Authors: Ahmad Iram , Safdar Muhammad , Yasmin Nazia , Iftikhar Aisha , Kalsoom Ambreen , Khalid Sadia , Shams Zil e , Mirza Misbah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the industrial sector, productive and effective treatment of toxic dye-based color pollutants is a key issue. Lanthanum and neodymium substituted cobalt–strontium (Co–Sr) spinel ferrite (Co0.5Sr0.5RExFe2-xO4, x = 0.00 and 0.06) catalysts were synthesized and used to degrade Congo red and rhodamine B dyes from an aqueous solution mixture in this study. For this specific purpose, RE3+ ions substituted Co–Sr spinel ferrite nanoparticles with photocatalytic degradation ability were prepared through sol–gel method. The degradation of CR and RhB in recently synthesized nanoferrites was also examined. SEM and XRD were used to characterize the prepared samples. The optical band gap values of synthesized spinel ferrites were examined with the help of Tauc plots by using UV-visible absorption. It was determined that the energy bandgap ranged from 2.91 to 2.52 eV. For Co0.5Sr0.5Fe2O4, Co0.5Sr0.5La0.06Fe1.94O4, and Co0.5Sr0.5Nd0.06Fe1.94O4 nanoferrites, the rates of CR and RhB dye degradation were 73–90% and 45–85%, respectively, at pH 5–7. The kinetics models successfully described the degradation reaction as pseudo-first-order kinetics. It was, therefore, concluded that the prepared samples can be used as effective photocatalysts in order to eliminate hazardous pollutants present in wastewater.
Water quality characteristics of Lake Tanganyika in Burundi and Lake Victoria in Uganda
Authors: Niyongabo Alain , Guan Yiqing , Zhang Danrong , Ziyuan Wang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Water is necessary for all biological life and industrial, municipal, agricultural, and residential processes. It is challenging to imagine living without water. Unfortunately, human and natural activities are causing the sources of useable water to become contaminated. Despite having enormous and unique natural water resources, Africa has experienced unprecedented environmental pollution because of the abuse of these resources. Additionally, population increase and urbanization brought by technological advancements have significantly worsened water pollution in Africa. The significant causes of pollution for surface waterways are untreated effluents released into the environment by humans and machines. It is still being determined if the emission goals set by several African countries for surface water discharge have been fulfilled. Wells and boreholes are essential sources of drinking water for Africans. However, because of their location in sterile areas, the natural water quality of these groundwater sources could be better. The primary sources of water pollution in Africa include agricultural activities, mining, roadside discharges, trash from companies and workshops, landfills, and e-waste. Oil leaks are a severe problem in oil-rich African countries. Lake Tanganyika is East Africa's most significant freshwater reservoir, while Lake Victoria is the second-deepest lake in the world.
Effect of soil on leakage rates in water distribution pipes
Authors: Omar A. Alsaydalani Majed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

This paper describes an experimental and analytical study that examined the effects of soil on leakage rate from defective water pipes. An experimental model was designed and constructed to simulate idealized cracks in defective water pipes discharging into a bed of granular materials. Tests were run on three different materials: LBS-B, LBS-A, and glass ballotini with different characteristics. The results reveal that the presence of bedding material surrounding a leaking pipe causes a significant change in the leakage rate versus free flow conditions. The bedding has a greater impact on larger defect openings. There was a significant drop in the values of the coefficient of discharge (Cd) when the pipe discharged into a soil bed versus free flow conditions; this value was 38% lower for coarse particles and 70% for finer particles. The results also showed that high leakage rates could flow from the defective pipe without fluidization of the bedding materials. An analytical model based on the method of fragments was presented to predict the leakage rate after which the predicted results were compared with values measured experimentally.
Study of the applicability of Sponge City concepts for flood mitigation based on LID (low impact development) measures: A case study in Conakry City, Republic of Guinea
Authors: Bah Alhassane , Hongbo Zhang , Bah Alseny , Jufang He , Zhumei Luo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Urban flooding is becoming a significant urban epidemic in many nations throughout the world as a result of land use and climate change, and regular heavy rains. In this study, we choose to investigate the viability of Sponge City concepts for flood mitigation based on low impact development (LID) strategies in a 26.66 km2 area situated in Guinea's capital city of Conakry. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM5) was used to simulate the impact of LID measures on the lowering of runoff peaks and node flooding. Simulation results before and after LID facilities are compared in order to understand how LID measures improve flood mitigation. The study showed that LID techniques effectively reduce runoff, which helps mitigate the effects of flooding. The study demonstrated that all LID, whether used singly or in combination, can lower runoff and flooding. However, when it comes to reducing runoff and flooding, LID-combinations perform better than individual LID implementations. For the five return periods (one, five, 20, 50, and 100 years), the LID-combination reduced runoff by 67.83, 65.02, 50.44, 40.18, and 35.88%, and reduced flooding by 85.32, 72.65, 54.05, 46.17, and 42.80%, respectively. Additionally, the reduction rate of overflow junctions is 100, 100, 80, 67, and 70%, respectively.