bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Textile Dyeing Effluent Using Agriculture Waste Based Adsorbents - A Review
Authors: Kharat Dal Singh , Gupta Meenal 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Removal of colour from the textile dyeing effluent is a major problem due to high tinctorial value, complex structure of the dyes, toxicity and presence of metals in some dyes. The colouring matter has to be removed from the effluent before its discharge as it constitutes the major fraction of pollution. The spent dyes in the textile effluent have to be removed before disposal as they constitutes major fraction of pollution. Review of waste based adsorption of the spent dyes, performance, economics involved and disposal options for the spent adsorbents are the objectives of the present work.
Methods: Various techniques are used for the removal of colour including adsorption. Although the activated carbon is an ideal adsorbent, it is expensive for effluent treatment due to its high production and regeneration costs. High cost of activated carbon has led to the search for alternate non-conventional adsorbents. Attempts have been made by researchers to use the non-conventional, low-cost and naturally occurring waste materials as adsorbents. The findings are based on literature survey and authors’ experience.
Findings: This review seeks to give an overview of the agriculture waste based adsorbents together with physical and chemical processing needs, adsorption parameters including mechanisms and the adsorption potential of various adsorbent-adsorbate systems for removal of different dyes from the effluents. Comparative studies conducted with synthetic effluents as well real textile dyeing effluent are also included. The cost involved in the dyeing effluent treatment is always a concern for the textile dyeing industries. The cost issue can be addressed using the waste based adsorbents for which an economics have been presented.
Conclusion: The gaps between practices and the present research works have been identified and highlighted along with further research needs for treatment of the dyeing effluents. The waste based adsorbents are mainly agricultural residues and combustible. The spent adsorbents can be reused as fuel in the boiler furnace that can offset the expenses on fuel to some extent.
Effect of Spacing and Manganese on Growth and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.)
Authors: Sangeetha Tappeta , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur , Pradhan Akanshya 
Published: February 2023

A research trail was conducted during Zaid season (2022) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). To study the effect of spacing and manganese on the growth and yield of sesame. The Treatments consist of 3 levels of spacing (30 ×10 cm, 40×10 cm, 50 ×10 cm)and three levels of manganese (1.5,3.0,4.5kg/ha) are included respectively. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The results showed that spacing of 50×10cm+ Mnso4 4.5kg/ha (Treatment-9) Plant height (87.66 cm), Number of branches/plant (6.27), plant dry weight (15.74 g/plant), number of capsules per plant (52.47), number of seeds per capsules (74.50), test weight (3.37 g), seed yield (1.19 t/ha), straw yield (2.67 t/ha) and Biological yield (3.6t/ha).
Ameliorations of Gamma Radiations on Chlorophyll Spectrum and Morphological Characteristics of Peas
Authors: Barela Akash , Jain Sudhanshu , Khandalkar V. S. , Singh Praveen , Rahangdale Shivangi , Behra Karishma , Singh Jyoti 
Published: February 2023

Aims: we aimed to investigate the chlorophyll spectrum and morphological characteristics of Pea under the influence of gamma radiations.
Methods: The experimental material comprised three pea genotypes viz; Arkel, Kashi Nandini, and PSM-3. Mature and well-filled seeds were irradiated with 150 and 200 Gy doses of gamma rays, and six treatments with three control were laid into randomized block design at Research Farm, Krishi Vigyan Kendra during the spring of 2018-19.
Results: The highest frequency of chlorophyll mutation was recorded in PSM-3 at 150 Gy and the lowest in Kashi Nandini at 200 Gy. The widest spectrum of chlorophyll mutation with seven different mutants was recorded in the PSM-3 at a 150 Gy dose. With an increase in the dose of gamma rays, there was a decrease in the mutation frequency in all the varieties.
Conclusions: Gamma rays at a rate of 150 Gy were the best for increasing the mutation frequency and they can be used for the induction of desirable mutations in peas. The obtained results confirm that the high potency of the selected mutagenic doses induced a high phenotypic diversity in the treated population and the isolated distinct mutants were of great economic, as well as academic interest for future breeding on peas. The seeds derived from the control and treated populations should be advanced to further generations, to release more variability for quantitative traits which will favor better selection.
Studies on Performance Parameters for Development of Finger Millet Thresher
Authors: Kumar Patel Kishan , Kumar Naik Rajesh 
Published: February 2023

Aims: To study about the design parameters and optimizations of the performance parameters for the finger millet thresher development.
Study Design: Development of prototype to test the design parameters and optimization through experiments.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Swami Vivekanand College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology and Research Station, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, between September 2021 to April 2022.
Methodology: A prototype was developed which consisted of threshing drum, concave unit and reciprocating sieve unit. A study was conducted by taking four feed rate (120, 150, 180 and 210kg/h), four types of threshing cylinder (peg type, canvas type, combination of peg and canvas type and flail type) along with three types of concave (bar type, perforated sheet and combination of both) to find out the optimized threshing parameters for finger millet. The statistical analysis was carried out by three factor randomised block design with the three replications. The various performance parameters were also calculated.
Results: The result showed that the maximum threshing efficiency (97.25%), cleaning efficiency (99.25%), total broken percentage (2.08%) and threshing capacity (121.5kg/h) were observed with 180 kg feed rate, combination of peg and canvas type of threshing cylinder, combination of bar and perforated sheet type concave.
Conclusion: It was concluded that combination of peg and canvas type threshing cylinder works better compared to other and gives a combination of impact and rubbing action. This impact and rubbing action can be used to develop a thresher for such crop which needs impact with rubbing such as finger millet.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Poly- L-Lactic Acid Thread and Platelet Rich Plasma in Treatment of Atrophic Scars
Authors: Ezat El-Ghobashy Sara , Abdelaziz Mohamed Dareen , Hamouda Elgarhy Lamia , Abd Elsamad Ibrahim Zeinab 
Published: February 2023

Background: Atrophic scars are the result of insufficient compensation of dermal collagen and decreased production of connective tissue during tissue injury healing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Poly-L- Lactic Acid (PLLA )threads and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in the treatment of atrophic scar.
Methods: This study included 24 patients with atrophic scar for at least one year and did not receive any treatment in the last six months. Cases were divided into 3 equal groups: group (A) received subcision with PLLA threads insertion, group (B) received subcision with PLLA threads insertion and PRP. PRP injected monthly for four sessions and group )C( received subcision with PRP injection monthly for four sessions. general examination, detailed dermatological examination, routine investigations, digital photography: Photographic evaluation was done with the same equipment, lighting and location by 3 dermatologists, and skin biopsies.
Results: There was a significant enhancement in the Global aesthetic improvement scale in both group A and B than group C (p=0.047, 0.017) respectively. In group (A), there was significant negative correlation between duration of scar and the degree of clinical improvement (r -0.961/ p value<0.001) while in group (B) and (C), there was insignificant correlation between duration of scar and the degree of clinical improvement.
Conclusions: PLLA threads alone and combined with PRP injection could be deemed as a safe and useful in the management of atrophic scars.
Pathologic Predictors of Chemotherapy Response in Post Neo-Adjuvant Breast Cancer
Authors: Rizwan Sabiha , Soomro Rufina , Hashmi Atif Ali , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Pathological complete response (pCR) is the most important prognostic factor in determining survival in post-neoadjuvant breast cancer. In this study, we evaluated the pathologic predictors that are associated with pCR in post-neoadjuvant breast cancer.
Methods: It was a retrospective observational study conducted in Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Pakistan, from January 2019 to December 2020 over a period of two years. All patients with primary breast cancer that received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy at Liaquat National Hospital were included in the study. Pathological parameters from pre-chemotherapy specimens like tumor type, grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) and proliferative index Ki67 status were recorded. Pathological response to chemotherapy from post-chemotherapy specimens was recorded as complete or partial responses to chemotherapy.
Results: A total of 287 patients were included in the study, among whom pCR was noted in 65 (22.6%) cases. A significant association of pCR was noted with Ki67 proliferative index, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) statuses, whereas no significant association was noted with tumor size, histological type, grade, or nodal metastasis.
Conclusion: The pCR was significantly seen more in cases with higher Ki67 index, hormone receptor negativity and HER2/neu positivity. These pathological predictors can help develop post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols and guide patients regarding their likely chemotherapy response and prognosis.
Humanitarian Food Assistance and Nutrition Outcomes among Refugees: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Ecega Guli Alfred , Barakagira Alex , Zombeire Regis 
Published: February 2023

Background: Humanitarian interventions are done after a significant disruption of people’s daily life which in turn affect their food security and nutrition needs. Food assistance has become a key element of humanitarian aid to conflict-affected populations. Hunger and undernutrition can significantly worsen during situations of prolonged conflicts and where institutional capacities are weak. Humanitarian food aid provided in the form of food or non-food items for people affected by famine, drought, or natural disaster is intended to feed, shelter, and provide legal protection. Malnutrition in children is related to insufficient food intake, poor food quality, and severe or repeated infectious diseases. Therefore, humanitarian food assistance is given to ensure sufficient, safe, and nutritious food is consumed to prevent malnutrition and prevent death.
Objectives: This paper seeks to understand the following specific objectives; to explore the evolution of humanitarian food assistance or food aid; to gain an understanding of the contemporary views on humanitarian food assistance; to explore the comparative views on humanitarian food assistance, and to find out the implications of shifting from Food Aid to Food Assistance.
Study Design/Method: Secondary data collection method was used and both published and official documents were reviewed based on the objectives of this paper, and relevant information was picked. The review provides evidence on the benefits as well as gaps related to humanitarian food assistance interventions and their relationship with the nutrition status of children below the age of five years.
Results: Food in-kind directly impacts positively on the nutrition status of households and influences the coping mechanisms of the affected populations. In Mali, a study found food transfers exert a protective effect on food-insecure populations in conflict situations and increased micro-nutrient availability. Another study found improvement in nutrition status among children in Myanmar, Kenya, Niger, and South Sudan. While global acute malnutrition (GAM) in Myanmar declined from 6.6% to 2.6% and from 7.5% to 4.7%, in Niger, GAM rates declined from 21.3% to 13.6%, and 11.4% to 7.3% in Kenya and South Sudan, a decline of 6% GAM. Also, a study on the “impact of cash transfers on food consumption in humanitarian settings found cash transfer” is an appropriate and effective modality in humanitarian settings for meeting the needs of vulnerable populations.
Conclusion: The strategic shift from food aid to food assistance has the potential to enhance effectiveness in addressing hunger because there is increased use of non-food aid in operational modalities and other initiatives to enhance local production and purchase, and the use of vouchers and cash transfers in humanitarian response.
Association of War With Vaccination Dropout Among Children Younger Than 2 Years in the North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Mezen Muluemebet Kassa , Lemlem Getasew Assefa , Biru Yemisrach Belete , Yimer Abebaw Mengesha 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceA civil war that lasted for about 6 months in the North Wollo zone of Ethiopia destroyed numerous health care facilities. However, no studies have been conducted to determine the association of the war with vaccination dropout in the area.ObjectiveTo assess the association of war with vaccination dropout among children younger than 2 years in the North Wollo zone.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the North Wollo zone from April 1 to June 30, 2022. Participants included children younger than 2 years and their mothers. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the participants.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA vaccination dropout rate (yes or no) was assessed by interviewing mothers.ResultsThe study included 449 children younger than 2 years and their mothers, 291 (64.8%) of whom were 20 to 34 years of age. Almost all of the mothers (426 [94.9%]) were married. More than half of the mothers (271 [60.4%]) had a primary level education. Seventy-one children (15.8%) in the area received all basic vaccinations. One hundred ninety-eight children (44.1%) who started vaccination prior to the war dropped out of the immunization program. Additionally, 64 children (14.3%) born during the war did not receive any vaccination. Losing a family member (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.11 [95% CI, 1.63-5.93]; P = .001), not being informed about catch-up vaccination (AOR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.39-3.43]; P &amp;lt; .001), being a rural resident (AOR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.37-3.58]; P &amp;lt; .001), home birth (AOR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.11-2.77]; P = .002), and length of war (AOR for 5 months, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.28-0.93; P = .04]) were associated with the outcome variable.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that nearly 60% of children in the North Wollo zone remained undervaccinated or unvaccinated. Stakeholders should make coordinated efforts to overcome the humanitarian crisis in the area and optimize the accessibility of health services.
Large‐scale analysis of the genome of the rare alkaline‐halophilic Stachybotrys microspora reveals 46 cellulase genes
Authors: Abdeljalil Salma , Borgi Ines , Ben Hmad Ines , Frikha Fakher , Verlaine Olivier , Kerouaz Bilal , Kchaou Nesrine , Ladjama Ali , Gargouri Ali 
Published: February 2023

Fungi are of great importance in biotechnology, for example in the production of enzymes and metabolites. The main goal of this study was to obtain a high‐coverage draft of the Stachybotrys microspora genome and to annotate and analyze the genome sequence data. The rare fungus S. microspora N1 strain is distinguished by its ability to grow in an alkaline halophilic environment and to efficiently secrete cellulolytic enzymes. Here we report the draft genome sequence composed of 3715 contigs, a genome size of 35 343 854 bp, with a GC content of 53.31% and a coverage around 20.5×. The identification of cellulolytic genes and of their corresponding functions was carried out through analysis and annotation of the whole genome sequence. Forty‐six cellulases were identified using the fungicompanion bioinformatic tool. Interestingly, an S. microspora endoglucanase selected from those with a low isoelectric point was predicted to have a halophilic profile and share significant homology with a well‐known bacterial halophilic cellulase. These results confirm previous biochemical studies revealing a halophilic character, which is a very rare feature among fungal cellulases. All these properties suggest that cellulases of S. microspora may have potential for use in the biofuel, textile, and detergent industries.
Cardiac motion and its dosimetric impact during radioablation for refractory ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Harms Joseph , Schreibmann Eduard , Mccall Neal S. , Lloyd Michael S. , Higgins Kristin A. , Castillo Richard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionCardiac radioablation (CR) is a noninvasive treatment option for patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) during which high doses of radiation, typically 25 Gy, are delivered to myocardial scar. In this study, we investigate motion from cardiac cycle and evaluate the dosimetric impact in a cohort of patients treated with CR.MethodsThis retrospective study included eight patients treated at our institution who had respiratory‐correlated and ECG‐gated 4DCT scans acquired within 2 weeks of CR. Deformable image registration was applied between maximum systole (SYS) and diastole (DIAS) CTs to assess cardiac motion. The average respiratory‐correlated CT (AVGresp) was deformably registered to the average cardiac (AVGcardiac), SYS, and DIAS CTs, and contours were propagated using the deformation vector fields (DVFs). Finally, the original treatment plan was recalculated on the deformed AVGresp CT for dosimetric assessment.ResultsMotion magnitudes were measured as the mean (SD) value over the DVFs within each structure. Displacement during the cardiac cycle for all chambers was 1.4 (0.9) mm medially/laterally (ML), 1.6 (1.0) mm anteriorly/posteriorly (AP), and 3.0 (2.8) mm superiorly/inferiorly (SI). Displacement for the 12 distinct clinical target volumes (CTVs) was 1.7 (1.5) mm ML, 2.4 (1.1) mm AP, and 2.1 (1.5) SI. Displacements between the AVGresp and AVGcardiac scans were 4.2 (2.0) mm SI and 5.8 (1.4) mm total. Dose recalculations showed that cardiac motion may impact dosimetry, with dose to 95% of the CTV dropping from 27.0 (1.3) Gy on the AVGresp to 20.5 (7.1) Gy as estimated on the AVGcardiac.ConclusionsCardiac CTV motion in this patient cohort is on average below 3 mm, location‐dependent, and when not accounted for in treatment planning may impact target coverage. Further study is needed to assess the impact of cardiac motion on clinical outcomes.
Large‐Area Smooth Conductive Films Enabled by Scalable Slot‐Die Coating of Ti3C2Tx MXene Aqueous Inks
Authors: Guo Tiezhu , Zhou Di , Gao Min , Deng Shungui , Jafarpour Mohammad , Avaro Jonathan , Neels Antonia , Hack Erwin , Wang Jing , Heier Jakob , Zhang Chuanfang (John) 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLarge‐area flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) featuring excellent optoelectronic properties (low sheet resistance, Rs, at high transparency, T) are vital for integration in transparent wearable electronics (i.e., antennas, sensors, supercapacitors, etc.). Solution processing (i.e., printing and coating) of conductive inks yields highly uniform TCEs at low cost, holding great promise for commercially manufacturing of transparent electronics. However, to formulate such conductive inks as well as to realize continuous conductive films in the absence of percolation issue are quite challenging. Herein, the scalable slot‐die coating of Ti3C2Tx MXene aqueous inks is reported for the first time to yield large‐area uniform TCEs with outstanding optoelectronic performance, that is, average DC conductivity of 13 000 ± 500 S cm−1. The conductive MXene nanosheets are forced to orientate horizontally as the inks are passing through the moving slot, leading to the rapid manufacturing of highly aligned MXene TCEs without notorious percolation problems. Moreover, through tuning the ink formulations, such conductive MXene films can be easily adjusted from transparent to opaque as required, demonstrating very low surface roughness and even mirror effects. These high‐quality, slot‐die‐coated MXene TCEs also demonstrate excellent electrochemical charge storage properties when assembled into supercapacitors.
Bioinspired Self‐healing Soft Electronics
Authors: Qi Miao , Yang Ruiqi , Wang Zhe , Liu Yanting , Zhang Qichong , He Bing , Li Kaiwei , Yang Qing , Wei Lei , Pan Caofeng , Chen Mengxiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInspired by nature, various self‐healing materials that can recover their physical properties after external damage have been developed. Recently, self‐healing materials have been widely used in electronic devices for improving durability and protecting the devices from failure during operation. Moreover, self‐healing materials can integrate many other intriguing properties of biological systems, such as stretchability, mechanical toughness, adhesion, and structural coloration, providing additional fascinating experiences. All of these inspirations have attracted extensive research on bioinspired self‐healing soft electronics. This review presents a detailed discussion on bioinspired self‐healing soft electronics. Firstly, two main healing mechanisms are introduced. Then, four categories of self‐healing materials in soft electronics, including insulators, semiconductors, electronic conductors, and ionic conductors, are reviewed, and their functions, working principles, and applications are summarized. Finally, human‐inspired self‐healing materials and animal‐inspired self‐healing materials as well as their applications, such as organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), pressure sensors, strain sensors, chemical sensors, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), and soft actuators, are introduced. This cutting‐edge and promising field is believed to stimulate more excellent cross‐discipline works in material science, flexible electronics, and novel sensors, accelerating the development of applications in human motion monitoring, environmental sensing, information transmission, etc.