bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
myClim: Microclimate data handling and standardised analyses in R
Authors: Man Matěj , Kalčík Vojtěch , Macek Martin , Brůna Josef , Hederová Lucia , Wild Jan , Kopecký Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Microclimates have been recognised as one of the key drivers in global change biology. Durable microclimate loggers, detailed in‐situ measurements and sophisticated modelling tools are increasingly available, but a lack of standardised workflows for microclimate data handling hinders synthesis across the studies and thus progress in the global change biology. To overcome these limitations, we developed an R package myClim for microclimate data processing, storage and analyses. The myClim package supports complete workflow for microclimate data handling, including reading raw logger data files, their preprocessing and cleaning, time‐series' aggregation, calculation of ecologically relevant microclimatic variables, data export and storage.

The myClim package stores data in a size‐efficient, hierarchical structure which respects the hierarchy of field microclimate measurement (locality > loggers > sensors). For imported microclimatic data, myClim provides an informative summary and automatically detects and corrects common issues like duplicated and wrongly ordered measurements. The myClim package also provides advanced functions for microclimate data aggregation to various timescales (e.g. days, months, years or growing seasons) as well as tools for sensor calibration, data conversion and joining of multiple microclimatic time series.

The myClim package provides advanced functions for standardised calculation of ecologically relevant microclimatic variables like freezing and growing degree days, snow cover period, soil volumetric water content and atmospheric vapour pressure deficit. Calculated microclimatic variables are stored efficiently in myClim data format and can be easily exported to long or wide tables for further analyses and visualisations.

Adopting myClim can facilitate large‐scale syntheses, boost data sharing and increase the comparability and reproducibility of microclimatic studies. The stable version of myClim is available on CRAN (https://cran.r‐project.org/web/packages/myClim) and the development version is available on GitHub (https://github.com/ibot‐geoecology/myClim).
Current and future potential geographical distribution of Bactericera cockerelli: an invasive pest of increasing global importance
Authors: Suwandharathne Nimali I. , Holwell Gregory I. , Avila Gonzalo A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to ongoing climate change and the spread of invasive pests, understanding and predicting climatic suitability for invasive insect species has shown growing demand from government and industry biosecurity managers. The invasive pest Bactericera cockerelli, (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), commonly known as tomato potato psyllid (TPP), is native to North America and has recently invaded Australasia. TPP is also the vector of the bacterial plant pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), which has caused severe economic losses for potato growers worldwide. We used the niche modelling software CLIMEX to predict the potential geographical distribution of TPP in Australasia and worldwide under current and future climatic scenarios. Our model prediction of the current climate conditions closely agrees with all the known distributions of TPP. In its native range (North America), TPP is predicted to expand its current geographical range in semi‐arid, temperate, and continental climates. Within Australia, along with the known occurrence of TPP in Western Australia, potential expansion into South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland is predicted. The predicted distribution closely matches all the known records with higher climatic suitability in New Zealand. Globally, the model projected that the pest‐free countries in Europe and East Asia are climatically more suitable for TPP. Predictions under the future climate change scenarios (A1B, CSIRO Mk 3.0 for 2090) showed a significant reduction of the known geographical range of TPP with a possible expansion towards higher latitudes. Areas in North America and Australia are projected to be less climatically suitable for the survival of TPP in future climates. However, our model suggested that Europe and New Zealand will remain unchanged or will become more favourable in the future. These CLIMEX projections for current and future climatic distribution provide valuable information for existing and future biosecurity preparedness and management programmes, which may prove helpful in risk assessments and identifying potential areas that are likely to be susceptible to a TPP invasion.
Deficiency of hydrogen sulfide production and pregnancy rate in an experimental model: Association with preterm delivery
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Dimitrios , Andriopoulou Theano , Spanou Victoria‐Marina , Droggiti Dionysia‐Irene , Gkavogianni Theologia , Giamarellos‐Bourboulis Evangelos J. , Panagopoulos Periklis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProblemPro‐inflammatory phenomena drive preterm delivery (PTD). Hydrogen sulfide is a gasotransmitter with anti‐inflammatory properties produced through the activity of the enzyme cystathionine‐γ‐lyase (CSE), and its impact was studied in models of normal delivery and PTD in mice.Method of studyFemale CSE+/+ and CSE−/− mice were mated with male CSE+/+ mice; mating was done with drinking water unsupplemented and supplemented with cysteine. The pregnancy rate was monitored. PTD was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on day 14.5 of pregnancy. Mice were sacrificed for tissue collection and splenocyte isolation after 6 and 12 h. Isolated splenocytes were stimulated for the production of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)‐10 and interferon‐gamma (IFNγ); TNFα and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured in the fetuses and the placenta.ResultsThe successful pregnancy rate was lower in CSE−/− mice and it was restored with cysteine supplementation. CSE deficiency was associated with higher tissue concentrations of TNFα in the fetuses, attenuated IL‐10 responses and higher IFNγ production from splenocytes. CSE deficiency was not associated with PTD. Following PTD induction, CSE−/− mice did not show attenuated IL‐10 responses but the production of TNFα and IFNγ was lowered over‐time; placental VEGF was also increased over‐time.ConclusionsCSE deficiency has an unfavorable impact on pregnancy. H2S deficiency through CSE does not drive PTD but mediates pro‐inflammatory phenomena in fetuses.
There is room for everyone: Invasion credit cannot be inferred from the species–area relationship in fragmented forests
Authors: Trotta Giacomo , Boscutti Francesco , Jamoneau Aurélien , Decocq Guillaume , Chiarucci Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuestionsLand use change, habitat fragmentation and biological invasion represent major drivers of global change that strongly interact to alter ecosystems. Following the breaking apart of forests into smaller fragments or the afforestation of former agricultural lands, biodiversity experiences drastic changes due to species loss and turnover over time. This leads to two important outcomes, namely extinction debt and invasion (colonization) credit, which both reflect the inertia of the system's response to environmental changes. Our study investigated the following questions:

Is it possible to infer invasion credit from species–area relationship (SAR) residuals both for native and alien plants?
Is there any trend linked with the degree of habitat fragmentation through time?
LocationSomme, Oise and Aisne departments, northern France.MethodsWe analyzed the pattern of SARs' residuals for native and alien vascular plant species separately across nine sets of forest fragments that differ by the landscape matrix they are embedded in (i.e., open field, bocage, forest), while considering plant richness, area and age of the 355 forest patches.ResultsThe relationship between alien and native SARs’ residuals is positive across all landscapes, suggesting a lack of invasion credit. Instead, these results support the “rich get richer” hypothesis, that is a high environmental heterogeneity allows colonization by new species, be they native or alien. Interestingly, the relationship between alien and native residuals depends upon fragment age (i.e., time since patch creation) in the most intensively managed landscapes (i.e., open fields). In the latter, recent forest patches are more prone to alien invasion, as a likely consequence of increased alien propagule pressure (i.e., more sources and vectors for alien plants), increased forest invasibility (i.e., disturbance‐induced environmental heterogeneity), and decreased matrix permeability (i.e., natives are more dispersal‐limited than aliens).ConclusionsOur study provides new insights into alien species ecology, by showing that (i) it is not possible to infer “invasion credit” from the SAR's residuals; (ii) the invasion rate by alien species in forest fragments increases with their native species richness, and (iii) this relationship depends upon patch age in intensively managed landscapes.
Bayesian Causal Inference for Observational Studies with Missingness in Covariates and Outcomes
Authors: Zang Huaiyu , Kim Hang J. , Huang Bin , Szczesniak Rhonda 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Missing data are a pervasive issue in observational studies using electronic health records or patient registries. It presents unique challenges for statistical inference, especially causal inference. Inappropriately handling missing data in causal inference could potentially bias causal estimation. Besides missing data problems, observational health data structures typically have mixed-type variables - continuous and categorical covariates - whose joint distribution is often too complex to be modeled by simple parametric models. The existence of missing values in covariates and outcomes makes the causal inference even more challenging, while most standard causal inference approaches assume fully observed data or start their works after imputing missing values in a separate preprocessing stage. To address these problems, we introduce a Bayesian nonparametric causal model to estimate causal effects with missing data. The proposed approach can simultaneously impute missing values, account for multiple outcomes, and estimate causal effects under the potential outcomes framework. We provide three simulation studies to show the performance of our proposed method under complicated data settings whose features are similar to our case studies. For example, Simulation Study 3 assumes the case where missing values exist in both outcomes and covariates. Two case studies were conducted applying our method to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of treatments for chronic disease management in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and cystic fibrosis.
Human's moral judgements towards different social actors: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhou Ke , Lan Luo , Yan Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe proliferation of artificial intelligence may pose new challenges to people's moral judgements. We examined moral judgements towards different social actors and their influencing factors in children, adolescents and adults. Moral judgements were measured with ship problems which will ask participants whether they would choose to save humans, dogs, humanoid robots or animaloid robots. Results showed that (1) both adolescents and adults considered humans morally most important, followed by dogs, humanoid robots and animaloid robots. Children have not yet developed the tendency to morally prioritize humanoid robots over animaloid robots; (2) Individuals' moral judgements are influenced by their age, anthropomorphism and animacy of social actors; (3) With the development of individuals, animacy of social actors always have a greater impact on individuals' moral judgements than anthropomorphism of social actors. Findings indicated that the concept of moral judgement is more complex in the era of artificial intelligence and requires more attention from developmental psychology researchers.
Hydrogen sulfide: Recent development of its dual donors and hybrid drugs
Authors: Xu Shi , Shieh Meg , Paul Bindu D. , Xian Ming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gaseous signalling molecule known to be critically involved in regulating cellular redox homeostasis. As the beneficial and therapeutic effects of H2S in pathophysiology, such as in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, have emerged, so too has the drive for the development of H2S‐releasing compounds (aka donors) and their therapeutic applications. Most reported donor compounds singularly release H2S through biocompatible triggers. An emerging area in the field is the development of compounds that can co‐deliver H2S with other drugs or biologically relevant species, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively). These H2S‐based dual donors and hybrid drugs are expected to offset negative side effects from individual treatments or achieve synergistic effects rendering them more clinically effective. Additionally, considering that molecules exist and interact physiologically, dual donors may more accurately mimic biological systems as compared to single donors and allow for the elucidation of fundamental chemistry and biology. This review focuses on the recent advances in the development of H2S‐based dual donors and hybrid drugs along with their design principles and synergistic effects.
Prophylactic antibiotics has no benefit for outcome in clean myringoplasty—A register‐based cohort study from SwedEar
Authors: Westman Eva , Höglund Maria , Nilsson Frida Brännström , Bonnard Åsa , Englund Erling , Eriksson Per Olof 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate if prophylactic antibiotics (PA) in conjunction with myringoplasty of clean and uninfected ears entails a reduction of postoperative infections within 6 weeks after surgery, and whether it affects the healing rate of the tympanic membrane (TM) at follow‐up, 6–24 months after surgery.DesignA retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data.SettingData extracted from The Swedish Quality Register for Ear Surgery (SwedEar), the years 2013–2019.ParticipantsAll patients in SwedEar with a registered clean conventional myringoplasty (tympanoplasty type I) including a follow‐up visit.Main Outcome MeasuresThe effect of PA use on TM healing rate at follow‐up and postoperative infection within 6 weeks of surgery.ResultsIn the study group (n = 1665) 86.2% had a healed TM at follow‐up. There was no significant difference between the groups that had PA administered (87.2%) or not (86.1%). A total of 8.0% had a postoperative infection within 6 weeks. Postoperative infection occurred in 10.2% of the group that received PA (n = 187) compared with 7.7% of the group that did not receive PA. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Postoperative infection within 6 weeks significantly lowered the frequency of healed TMs.ConclusionPA administered during clean conventional myringoplasty does not improve the chance of having a healed TM at follow up, nor decrease the risk of having a postoperative infection within 6 weeks after surgery.
Apoptotic bodies inhibit inflammation by PDL1–PD1‐mediated macrophage metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Jiang Tao , Xia Yanmin , Wang Wenzhe , Zhao Jinbo , Liu Wenhao , Liu Shiyu , Shi Songtao , Li Bei , He Xiaoning , Jin Yan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractApoptosis triggers immunoregulation to prevent and suppress inflammation and autoimmunity. However, the mechanism by which apoptotic cells modulate immune responses remains largely elusive. In the context of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation, long‐term immunoregulation is observed in the host despite the short survive of the injected MSCs. In this study, utilizing a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI), we demonstrate that apoptotic bodies (ABs) released by transplanted human umbilical cord MSCs (UC‐MSCs) convert the macrophages from a pro‐inflammatory to an anti‐inflammatory state, thereby ameliorating the disease. Mechanistically, we identify the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) on the membrane of UC‐MSCs‐derived ABs, which interacts with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) on host macrophages. This interaction leads to the reprogramming of macrophage metabolism, shifting from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation via the Erk‐dependent pathway in ALI. Importantly, we have reproduced the PDL1–PD1 effects of ABs on metabolic switch using alveolar macrophages from patients with ALI, suggesting the potential clinical implications of developing therapeutic strategies for the patients.
Current practices and attitudes of dental practitioners regarding the provision of dental treatment for patients with solid organ transplants
Authors: O'Leary Fiona , Coffey Niamh , Burke Francis M. , Roberts Anthony , Plant Barry , Hayes Martina 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundSolid organ transplant provides a lifeline for people with end stage organ failure. Each year the number of individuals in receipt of a solid organ transplant is increasing. Prevention of post‐transplant sepsis and infection are critical for transplant success. The oral cavity contains more than 700 different species of bacteria and is a potential reservoir for disease causing pathogens. Prior to undergoing solid organ transplant, individuals must receive a certification of dental health from a dental practitioner. There are currently no guidelines or protocols for dental practitioners to follow when certifying a patient as dentally fit. This allows for a wide variation of the term ‘dentally fit’. This survey was conducted as part of a larger study assessing the oral health of adults with cystic fibrosis ongoing in Cork University Dental School and Hospital. The aim of the study was to ascertain current practices and attitudes of dental practitioners regarding the provision of dental treatment pre and post solid organ transplantation.MethodsAn anonymous cross sectional survey of dental practitioners in Ireland was conducted.ResultsThe data collected showed a wide variation in the provision of treatment for patient undergoing or in receipt of a solid organ transplant.ConclusionIt demonstrates a need for further research to be conducted to ascertain the full impact solid organ transplant has on oral health, so that guidelines can be developed to aid both dental and medical professionals in the treatment of this vulnerable cohort.
Oocyte cryopreservation for non‐medical reasons: Ethical and regulatory concerns in China
Authors: Lanyi Yu , Xiaomei Zhai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAssisted reproductive technology is a complex medical intervention with many potential social sensitivities. Within this domain, oocyte cryopreservation has emerged as an important research area for preserving female fertility. Against the backdrop of the hotly debated first legal case in China of a single woman wishing to freeze her eggs, and the implementation of the ‘three‐child policy’ in China, there is an urgent need to evaluate policies and address ethical considerations surrounding oocyte cryopreservation for non‐medical reasons. This review examines current policies, explores China's practices and research, and examines the latest ethical challenges surrounding non‐medical oocyte cryopreservation. It develops strategies and recommendations that will be relevant in China and other developing countries seeking to navigate this complex landscape.
Animal and plant space‐use drive plant diversity–productivity relationships
Authors: Albert Georg , Gauzens Benoit , Ryser Remo , Thébault Elisa , Wang Shaopeng , Brose Ulrich 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlant community productivity generally increases with biodiversity, but the strength of this relationship exhibits strong empirical variation. In meta‐food‐web simulations, we addressed if the spatial overlap in plants' resource access and animal space‐use can explain such variability. We found that spatial overlap of plant resource access is a prerequisite for positive diversity–productivity relationships, but causes exploitative competition that can lead to competitive exclusion. Space‐use of herbivores causes apparent competition among plants, resulting in negative relationships. However, space‐use of larger top predators integrates sub‐food webs composed of smaller species, offsetting the negative effects of exploitative and apparent competition and leading to strongly positive diversity–productivity relationships. Overall, our results show that spatial overlap of plants' resource access and animal space‐use can greatly alter the strength and sign of such relationships. In particular, the scaling of animal space‐use effects opens new perspectives for linking landscape processes without effects on biodiversity to productivity patterns.
Effect of basal texture on small crack behavior of magnesium alloy in very high cycle fatigue regime
Authors: Liu Chang , Dai Yajun , Wang Xiangyu , Chen Yao , Li Lang , Liu Yongjie , Wang Qingyuan , He Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe behavior of small cracks in magnesium alloy is key to understanding very high cycle fatigue (VHCF), which is influenced by microstructure and deformation mechanism. This study explores how basal texture affects VHCF failure mechanisms in extruded magnesium alloys. Findings reveal that faceted and rough morphologies characterize fracture surfaces during crack initiation and early propagation, respectively. Basal texturing inhibits basal slipping during faceted‐like crack initiation while compression twinning dominates deformation during early propagation, contributing to rough zones. Stress intensity factor and plastic zone size analysis indicates significant influence of basal texture on VHCF failure mechanisms but with limited effect on stable propagation.
Informal training and learning in Australian firms: The need for a new perspective
Authors: Smith Erica , Smith Andrew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the use of informal training for workers, by Australian companies and other organisations. Using survey data, it reports the prevalence of informal training and also the utilisation of different types of informal training. Differences are found by employer size, particularly for the different types. By examining qualitative responses, it is found that employers' perceptions of informal training are often not those reflected in existing literature. The paper therefore argues for a new definition of informal training which is comprehensible to employers and workers alike, so that more, and more reliable, research can be undertaken.