bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analogous response of temperate terrestrial exoplanets and Earth’s climate dynamics to greenhouse gas supplement
Authors: Hochman Assaf , Komacek Thaddeus D. , De Luca Paolo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHumanity is close to characterizing the atmospheres of rocky exoplanets due to the advent of JWST. These astronomical observations motivate us to understand exoplanetary atmospheres to constrain habitability. We study the influence greenhouse gas supplement has on the atmosphere of TRAPPIST-1e, an Earth-like exoplanet, and Earth itself by analyzing ExoCAM and CMIP6 model simulations. We find an analogous relationship between CO2 supplement and amplified warming at non-irradiated regions (night side and polar)—such spatial heterogeneity results in significant global circulation changes. A dynamical systems framework provides additional insight into the vertical dynamics of the atmospheres. Indeed, we demonstrate that adding CO2 increases temporal stability near the surface and decreases stability at low pressures. Although Earth and TRAPPIST-1e take entirely different climate states, they share the relative response between climate dynamics and greenhouse gas supplements.
Response of seed yield and biochemical traits of Eruca sativa Mill. to drought stress in a collection study
Authors: Nikzad Sharifeh , Mirmohammady Maibody Seyed Ali Mohammad , Ehtemam Mohammad Hossein , Golkar Pooran , Mohammadi Seyed Abolghasem 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDrought tolerance is a complex trait in plants that involves different biochemical mechanisms. During two years of study (2019–2020), the responses of 64 arugula genotypes to drought stress were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications under field conditions. Several metabolic traits were evaluated, i.e. relative water content, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), proline, malondialdehyde, enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase), total phenolic and flavonoid contents and seed yield. On average, the drought stress significantly increased the proline content (24%), catalase (42%), peroxidase (60%) and malondialdehyde activities (116%) over the two years of study. As a result of the drought stress, the seed yield (18%), relative water content (19.5%) and amount of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) dropped significantly. However, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed no significant changes. Under drought stress, the highest seed yields were seen in the G50, G57, G54, G55 and G60 genotypes, while the lowest value was observed in the G16 genotype (94 g plant−1). According to the findings, when compared to the drought-sensitive genotypes, the drought-tolerant arugula genotypes were marked with higher levels of proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity. Correlation analysis indicated the positive effects of peroxidase, catalase and proline on seed yield under drought conditions. These traits can be considered for the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes in breeding programs.
Irreversible and quantum thermodynamic considerations on the quantum zeno effect
Authors: Lucia Umberto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe quantum zeno effect slows down the quantum system’s time evolution under frequent measurements. This paper aims to study this quantum effect by introducing the definition of time based on an irreversible thermodynamic analysis of quantum systems. Consequently, the quantum zeno effect requires (i) high values of the electromagnetic entropy generation rate related to the spontaneously down-converted light and (ii) a decrease in the quantum system’s entropy value. So, the quantum zeno effect is a quantum process related to the interaction between a quantum system and the electromagnetic waves of the measurement device, causing a quantum thermodynamic stationary state. Last, the fundamental role of irreversibility emerges.
Spheresomes are the main extracellular vesicles in low-grade gliomas
Authors: Baselga Marta , Iruzubieta Pablo , Castiella Tomás , Monzón Marta , Monleón Eva , Berga Carmen , Schuhmacher Alberto J. , Junquera Concepción 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCancer progression and its impact on treatment response and prognosis is deeply regulated by tumour microenvironment (TME). Cancer cells are in constant communication and modulate TME through several mechanisms, including transfer of tumour-promoting cargos through extracellular vesicles (EVs) or oncogenic signal detection by primary cilia. Spheresomes are a specific EV that arise from rough endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi vesicles. They accumulate beneath cell membrane and are released to the extracellular medium through multivesicular spheres. This study describes spheresomes in low-grade gliomas using electron microscopy. We found that spheresomes are more frequent than exosomes in these tumours and can cross the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, the distinct biogenesis processes of these EVs result in unique cargo profiles, suggesting different functional roles. We also identified primary cilia in these tumours. These findings collectively contribute to our understanding of glioma progression and metastasis.
Neuromuscular compartmentation of the subscapularis muscle and its clinical implication for botulinum neurotoxin injection
Authors: Cho Tae-Hyeon , Hong Ju-Eun , Yang Hun-Mu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, using immunohistochemistry with fresh cadavers, deliberate histological profiling was performed to determine which fibers are predominant within each compartment. To verify the fascial compartmentation of the SSC and elucidate its histological components of type I and II fibers using macroscopic, histological observation and cadaveric simulation for providing an anatomical reference of efficient injection of the BoNT into the SSC. Seven fixed and three fresh cadavers (six males and four females; mean age, 82.5 years) were used in this study. The dissected specimens revealed a distinct fascia demarcating the SSC into the superior and inferior compartments. The Sihler’s staining revealed that the upper and lower subscapular nerves (USN and LSN) innervated the SSC, with two territories distributed by each nerve, mostly corresponding to the superior and inferior compartments of the muscle, although there were some tiny communicating twigs between the USN and LSN. The immunohistochemical stain revealed the density of each type of fiber. Compared with the whole muscle area, the densities of the slow-twitch type I fibers were 22.26 ± 3.11% (mean ± SD) in the superior and 81.15 ± 0.76% in the inferior compartments, and the densities of the fast-twitch type II fiber were 77.74% ± 3.11% in the superior and 18.85 ± 0.76% in the inferior compartments. The compartments had different proportions of slow-fast muscle fibers, corresponding to the functional differences between the superior compartment as an early-onset internal rotator and the inferior compartment as a durable stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint.
ALDH1A1 promotes PARP inhibitor resistance by enhancing retinoic acid receptor-mediated DNA polymerase θ expression
Authors: Lavudi Kousalya , Banerjee Ananya , Li Na , Yang Yajing , Cai Shurui , Bai Xuetao , Zhang Xiaoli , Li Aidan , Wani Elsa , Yang Shyh-Ming , Zhang Junran , Rai Ganesha , Backes Floor , Patnaik Srinivas , Guo Peixuan , Wang Qi-En 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPoly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have been approved for both frontline and recurrent setting in ovarian cancer with homologous recombination (HR) repair deficiency. However, more than 40% of BRCA1/2-mutated ovarian cancer lack the initial response to PARPi treatment, and the majority of those that initially respond eventually develop resistance. Our previous study has demonstrated that increased expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) contributes to PARPi resistance in BRCA2-mutated ovarian cancer cells by enhancing microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we find that ALDH1A1 enhances the expression of DNA polymerase θ (Polθ, encoded by the POLQ gene) in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the retinoic acid (RA) pathway is involved in the transcription activation of the POLQ gene. The RA receptor (RAR) can bind to the retinoic acid response element (RARE) located in the promoter of the POLQ gene, promoting transcription activation-related histone modification in the presence of RA. Given that ALDH1A1 catalyzes the biosynthesis of RA, we conclude that ALDH1A1 promotes POLQ expression via the activation of the RA signaling pathway. Finally, using a clinically-relevant patient-derived organoid (PDO) model, we find that ALDH1A1 inhibition by the pharmacological inhibitor NCT-505 in combination with the PARP inhibitor olaparib synergistically reduce the cell viability of PDOs carrying BRCA1/2 mutation and positive ALDH1A1 expression. In summary, our study elucidates a new mechanism contributing to PARPi resistance in HR-deficient ovarian cancer and shows the therapeutic potential of combining PARPi and ALDH1A1 inhibition in treating these patients.
Effect of Coulomb impurities on the electronic structure of magic angle twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad Sufyan , Goodwin Zachary A. H. , Mostofi Arash A. , Kuc Agnieszka , Lischner Johannes 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn graphene, charged defects break the electron-hole symmetry and can even give rise to exotic collapse states when the defect charge exceeds a critical value which is proportional to the Fermi velocity. In this work, we investigate the electronic properties of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) with charged defects using tight-binding calculations. Like monolayer graphene, tBLG exhibits linear bands near the Fermi level but with a dramatically reduced Fermi velocity near the magic angle (approximately 1.1°). This suggests that the critical value of the defect charge in magic-angle tBLG should also be very small. We find that charged defects give rise to significant changes in the low-energy electronic structure of tBLG. Depending on the defect position in the moiré unit cell, it is possible to open a band gap or to induce an additional flattening of the low-energy valence and conduction bands. Our calculations suggest that the collapse states of the two monolayers hybridize in the twisted bilayer. However, their in-plane localization remains largely unaffected by the presence of the additional twisted layer because of the different length scales of the moiré lattice and the monolayer collapse state wavefunctions. These predictions can be tested in scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments.
Atypical functional connectivity hierarchy in Rolandic epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Qirui , Li Jiao , He Yan , Yang Fang , Xu Qiang , Larivière Sara , Bernhardt Boris C. , Liao Wei , Lu Guangming , Zhang Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFunctional connectivity hierarchy is an important principle in the process of brain functional organization and an important feature reflecting brain development. However, atypical brain network hierarchy organization in Rolandic epilepsy have not been systematically investigated. We examined connectivity alteration with age and its relation to epileptic incidence, cognition, or underlying genetic factors in 162 cases of Rolandic epilepsy and 117 typically developing children, by measuring fMRI multi-axis functional connectivity gradients. Rolandic epilepsy is characterized by contracting and slowing expansion of the functional connectivity gradients, highlighting the atypical age-related change of the connectivity hierarchy in segregation properties. The gradient alterations are relevant to seizure incidence, cognition, and connectivity deficit, and development-associated genetic basis. Collectively, our approach provides converging evidence for atypical connectivity hierarchy as a system-level substrate of Rolandic epilepsy, suggesting this is a disorder of information processing across multiple functional domains, and established a framework for large-scale brain hierarchical research.
NMR-based quantification of liquid products in CO2 electroreduction on phosphate-derived nickel catalysts
Authors: Preikschas Phil , Martín Antonio J. , Yeo Boon Siang , Pérez-Ramírez Javier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecently discovered phosphate-derived Ni catalysts have opened a new pathway towards multicarbon products via CO2 electroreduction. However, understanding the influence of basic parameters such as electrode potential, pH, and buffer capacity is needed for optimized C3+ product formation. To this end, rigorous catalyst evaluation and sensitive analytical tools are required to identify potential new products and minimize increasing quantification errors linked to long-chain carbon compounds. Herein, we contribute to enhance testing accuracy by presenting sensitive 1H NMR spectroscopy protocols for liquid product assessment featuring optimized water suppression and reduced experiment time. When combined with an automated NMR data processing routine, samples containing up to 12 products can be quantified within 15 min with low quantification limits equivalent to Faradaic efficiencies of 0.1%. These developments disclosed performance trends in carbon product formation and the detection of four hitherto unreported compounds: acetate, ethylene glycol, hydroxyacetone, and i-propanol.
Practical advantage of quantum machine learning in ghost imaging
Authors: Xiao Tailong , Zhai Xinliang , Wu Xiaoyan , Fan Jianping , Zeng Guihua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDemonstrating the practical advantage of quantum computation remains a long-standing challenge whereas quantum machine learning becomes a promising application that can be resorted to. In this work, we investigate the practical advantage of quantum machine learning in ghost imaging by overcoming the limitations of classical methods in blind object identification and imaging. We propose two hybrid quantum-classical machine learning algorithms and a physical-inspired patch strategy to allow distributed quantum learning with parallel variational circuits. In light of the algorithm, we conduct experiments for imaging-free object identification and blind ghost imaging under different physical sampling rates. We further quantitatively analyze the advantage through the lens of information geometry and generalization capability. The numerical results showcase that quantum machine learning can restore high-quality images but classical machine learning fails. The advantage of identification rate are up to 10% via fair comparison with the classical machine learning methods. Our work explores a physics-related application capable of practical quantum advantage, which highlights the prospect of quantum computation in the machine learning field.
Polyethylene degradation and assimilation by the marine yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
Authors: Vaksmaa Annika , Polerecky Lubos , Dombrowski Nina , Kienhuis Michiel V M , Posthuma Ilsa , Gerritse Jan , Boekhout Teun , Niemann Helge 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ocean plastic pollution is a severe environmental problem but most of the plastic that has been released to the ocean since the 1950s is unaccounted for. Although fungal degradation of marine plastics has been suggested as a potential sink mechanism, unambiguous proof of plastic degradation by marine fungi, or other microbes, is scarce. Here we applied stable isotope tracing assays with 13C-labeled polyethylene to measure biodegradation rates and to trace the incorporation of plastic-derived carbon into individual cells of the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, which we isolated from the marine environment. 13C accumulation in the CO2 pool during 5-day incubation experiments with R. mucilaginosa and UV-irradiated 13C-labeled polyethylene as a sole energy and carbon source translated to degradation rates of 3.8% yr−1 of the initially added substrate. Furthermore, nanoSIMS measurements revealed substantial incorporation of polyethylene-derived carbon into fungal biomass. Our results demonstrate the potential of R. mucilaginosa to mineralize and assimilate carbon from plastics and suggest that fungal plastic degradation may be an important sink for polyethylene litter in the marine environment.
„Halb zog sie ihn, halb sank er hin …“: Über die Verquickung von Liebe und Manipulation
Authors: Fischer Alexander , Illies Christian 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der Psychologie/Psychiatrie/Psychotherapie lässt sich ein Verständnis von Manipulation finden, das oft einseitig auf die Psychopathologien eines Manipulators blickt und Manipulation als defizitäres, egoistisches Kommunikationsverhalten herausstellt, das die Manipulierte täuscht und unter Druck setzt. In diesem Beitrag wollen wir ein differenziertes Verständnis von Manipulation als Form der Beeinflussung ergründen, das Platz lässt für toxische, aber auch wohlwollende Manipulationen. Als Experimentierfeld dient uns hierfür der Schauplatz der Liebe, der Möglichkeiten für sinnvolle Unterscheidungen bezüglich der Manipulation bereitstellt. Unsere Schlussfolgerung ist, dass Liebe mit einer wohlwollenden Manipulation vereinbar ist.
Synthesis of the Key Saccharide Fragments of the Glucuronic Acid-Containing Repeat Unit of Pentosan Polysulfate, a Heparin Sulfate Mimetic
Authors: Banwell Martin G. , Schwartz Brett D. , Marshall Sarah , Ward Jas S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSuitably protected mono- and di-saccharide residues associated with the glucuronic acid-containing repeat unit related to pentosan polysulfate have been prepared. The stereo-controlled coupling, using trichloroacetimidate chemistry, of certain of these is also described and the structure of a disaccharide so-formed has been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Primary Anterior Thoracic Wall Abscess with Osteomyelitis by Salmonella paratyphi A: Case Report
Authors: Murthy Neetha S. , Mahale Rashmi P. , MVS Krishna Karthik 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi have been imputed in the causation of enteric fever. Cardiovascular and extraintestinal Salmonella infections have been documented among immunocompromised individuals. Rarely these pathogens are ascribed in the causation of extraintestinal infections among immunocompetent hosts due to hematogenous seeding. We report a case of anterior chest wall abscess with osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent adult by Salmonella paratyphi A without any prior predisposing conditions or gastrointestinal symptoms. The patient underwent incision and drainage of the loculated pus and the involved costochondral junction was curetted. Medical management was guided by automated antibiotic susceptibility testing. Patient responded well to treatment and was discharged with no residual morbidities. Prompt diagnosis complements appurtenant treatment and thereby averts defunct consequential sequelae.
Expert Review on Nonsurgical Management of Parapneumonic Effusion: Advances, Controversies, and New Directions
Authors: Fitzgerald Deirdre B. , Polverino Eva , Waterer Grant W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractParapneumonic effusion and empyema are rising in incidence worldwide, particularly in association with comorbidities in an aging population. Also driving this change is the widespread uptake of pneumococcal vaccines, leading to the emergence of nonvaccine-type pneumococci and other bacteria. Early treatment with systemic antibiotics is essential but should be guided by local microbial guidelines and antimicrobial resistance patterns due to significant geographical variation. Thoracic ultrasound has emerged as a leading imaging technique in parapneumonic effusion, enabling physicians to characterize effusions, assess the underlying parenchyma, and safely guide pleural procedures. Drainage decisions remain based on longstanding criteria including the size of the effusion and fluid gram stain and biochemistry results. Small-bore chest drains appear to be as effective as large bore and are adequate for the delivery of intrapleural enzyme therapy (IET), which is now supported by a large body of evidence. The IET dosing regimen used in the UK Multicenter Sepsis Trial -2 has the most evidence available but data surrounding alternative dosing, concurrent and once-daily instillations, and novel fibrinolytic agents are promising. Prognostic scores used in pneumonia (e.g., CURB-65) tend to underestimate mortality in parapneumonic effusion/empyema. Scores specifically based on pleural infection have been developed but require validation in prospective cohorts.
On the need to explicitize the unstated argument in cancer research: an ethnography on scientific argumentation
Authors: Mnasri Salaheddine , Jovic Marina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWithin the framework of scientific argumentation, this study explores the role of what we here call theunstated argumentin knowledge construction. The case study conducted in a cancer research lab in Brussels, uses observation, open interviews, and discourse analysis. Guided by Discursive Psychology as a theory and method, it examines the bases of a specificunstated argumentembedded intacit knowledge. The unstated argument is aboutmedium usagein cancer research. The medium is a chemical liquid composed of a number of substances injected into the cells that scientists use to carry out experiments. The findings suggest that the unstated argument comprises a claim and de facto evidence. The claim is that the medium usage is appropriate and not problematic for research results. The evidence: (1) does not emanate from research; (2) is based onpersonal opinion; and (3) is backed up by the following factors: (a) practicing the status quo; (b) adhering to cancer-research standards; and (c) being bound by the demand and supply interplay. Provoked by the present study, counterevidence is ultimately substantiated by the same scientists. The counterevidence happens to challenge the claim, as it is based onexpert-opinion. The study suggests that ethnography can offer a unique methodological stance to discern the unstated arguments embedded in tacit knowledge.