bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Heideggerian analysis of good care in an acute hospital setting: Insights from healthcare workers, patients and families
Authors: Dewar Jan , Cook Catherine , Smythe Elizabeth , Spence Deborah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study articulates the relational constituents of good care beyond techno‐rational competence. Neoliberal healthcare means that notions of care are readily commodified and reduced to quantifiable assessments and checklists. This novel research investigated accounts of good care provided by nursing, medical, allied and auxiliary staff. The Heideggerian phenomenological study was undertaken in acute medical‐surgical wards, investigating the contextual, communicative nature of care. The study involved interviews with 17 participants: 3 previous patients, 3 family members and 11 staff. Data were analysed iteratively, dwelling with stories and writing and rewriting to surface the phenomenality of good care. The data set highlighted the following essential constituents: authentic care: caring encompassing solicitude (fürsorge); impromptu care: caring beyond role category; sustained care: caring beyond specialist parameters; attuned care: caring encompassing family and culture; and insightful care: caring beyond assessment and diagnosis. The findings are clinically significant because they indicate the importance of nurse leaders and educators harnessing the potential capacity of all healthcare workers to participate in good care. Healthcare workers reported that participating in or witnessing good care was uplifting and added meaning to their work, contributing to a sense of shared humanity.
Non‐invasive monitoring of tomato graft dynamics using thermography and fluorescence quantum yields measurements
Authors: Frey Carlos , Hernández‐Barriuso Andrés , Encina Antonio , Acebes José Luis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGrafting involves a sequence of modifications that may vary according to genotypes, grafting techniques and growing conditions. This process is often monitored using destructive methods, precluding the possibility of monitoring the entire process in the same grafted plant. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of two non‐invasive methods—thermographic inference of transpiration and determination of chlorophyll quantum yields—for monitoring graft dynamics in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) autografts and to compare the results with other reliable measures: mechanical resistance parameters and xylem water potential. The mechanical resistance of grafted plants steadily increased from 6 days after grafting (DAG), 4.90 ± 0.57 N/mm, to reach values similar to non‐grafted plants at 16 DAG, 8.40 ± 1.78 N/mm. Water potential showed an early decrease (from −0.34 ± 0.16 MPa in non‐grafted plants to −0.88 ± 0.07 MPa at 2 DAG), recovering at 4 DAG to reach pre‐grafting values at 12–16 DAG. Thermographic inference of transpiration dynamics displayed comparable changes. Monitoring maximum and effective quantum yield in functional grafts showed a comparable pattern: an initial decline, followed by recovery from 6 DAG onwards. Correlation analyses revealed a significant correlation between variation in temperature (thermographic monitoring of transpiration), water potential (r = 0.87; p = 0.02) and maximum tensile force (r = 0.75; p = 0.05). Additionally, we found a significant correlation between maximum quantum yield and some mechanical parameters. In conclusion, thermography monitoring, and to a lesser extent maximum quantum yield measurements, accurately depict changes in key parameters in grafted plants and serve as potential timing indicators of graft regeneration, rendering them valuable tools for monitoring graft functionality.
Is stress among street‐level bureaucrats associated with experiences of administrative burden among clients? A multilevel study of the Danish unemployment sector
Authors: Mikkelsen Kim Sass , Madsen Jonas Krogh , Baekgaard Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch on street‐level bureaucracy argues that factors such as stress and burnout affect the behaviors of street‐level bureaucrats toward clients. At the same time, the literature on administrative burdens argues that citizens face a series of costs when they experience policy implementation as onerous. We draw on both literatures to theorize ways in which street‐level bureaucrats' behavioral responses to stress states may influence client experiences of administrative burden. Using a multilevel dataset of unemployment counselors and unemployment benefit recipients from 53 departments of a Danish unemployment insurance fund, we find that stress states among counselors are positively associated with benefit recipients' experiences of both learning costs, compliance costs, and experiences of autonomy loss. We conclude by discussing limitations and practical implications. In particular, we call for research into how street‐level bureaucrat characteristics influence client experiences of administrative burden.
Knowledge for results and the efficiency of public agencies in Colombia
Authors: Arisi Diego , Acevedo Alix Cortes , Delic Diego , Rossi Martin A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of an intervention focused on lean thinking and knowledge sharing. The intervention involves the transfer of information from efficient private organizations to public agencies to improve bureaucratic procedures. Specifically, we analyze the effectiveness of the Knowledge for Results (K4R) program in improving the efficiency of public agencies in Colombia. Our research provides two examples that demonstrate the positive impact of this particular form of lean thinking on operational efficiency. The first example shows that K4R reduces the time required by local ombudsman offices to process petitions from citizens. The second example shows that K4R reduces the time that oncology patients spend in emergency clinics before they can check out from hospitalization. These improvements are quantitatively significant, resulting in efficiency gains ranging from 25 to 40 percent compared with pre‐program levels.
Low seroprotection against diphtheria and tetanus in Lao adolescents
Authors: Vantava Sonephet , Hefele Lisa , Virachith Siriphone , Vannachone Souphaphone , Khounvisith Vilaysone , Nouanthong Phonethipsavanh , Hübschen Judith M. , Sayasone Somphou , Black Antony P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThere is currently no booster diphtheria or tetanus vaccine for Lao children before adolescence, despite international recommendations. We investigated seroprotection against diphtheria and tetanus among Lao adolescents.MethodsSeven hundred seventy‐nine serum samples were tested for anti‐diphtheria and anti‐tetanus antibodies.ResultsOverall, 25.8% of the adolescents had antibody titers corresponding to protection against diphtheria and 30.9% to sufficient immunity against tetanus. Female participants >16 years were more likely to be protected against diphtheria (p < 0.001) and tetanus (p < 0.029).ConclusionLow protection against diphtheria and tetanus, possibly due to low vaccination coverage or antibody waning, suggests booster doses are warranted before adolescence.
Revealing vertical geopolitics: Quantifying the volume of militarised restricted airspaces in the USA using GIS
Authors: Havlick David G. , Dao Thi Hong Diep 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe US military maintains significant control of land and sea territory, both domestically and internationally. Extending vertically, the US military also restricts vast areas of airspace to protect its interests in training, testing, surveillance, and security. In order to convey the multidimensional extent of spatial control maintained by the US Department of Defence, in this paper we critically assess, calculate, and depict the volume of militarised restricted airspaces in the USA. Airspace restrictions vary across days, times, and spatial extent, requiring an analysis and volumetric visualisation that can account for three‐ and four‐dimensional change. Applying this analysis casts the extent and variability of US military spatial control in fuller relief and makes visible new aspects of a vertical geopolitics. The research brings important new insights and methods to bear on little‐examined attributes of US militarisation and engages increasingly relevant questions about militarised airspace and contestable claims on near space.
Developing a Biomechanical Testing Setup of the Pelvis—Part I: Computational Design of Experiments
Authors: Soliman Ahmed , Ricci Pierre-Louis , Kedziora Slawomir , Kelm Jens , Gerich Torsten , Maas Stefan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Biomechanics of the human pelvis and the associated implants are still a medical and engineering debated topic. Today, no biomechanical testing setup is dedicated to pelvis testing and associated reconstructive implants with accepted clinical relevance. This paper uses the computational experiment design procedure to numerically design a biomechanical test stand that emulates the pelvis physiological gait loading. The numerically designed test stand reduces the 57 muscles and joints' contact forces iteratively to only four force actuators. Two hip joints' contact forces and two equivalent muscle forces with a maximum magnitude of 2.3 kN are applied in a bilateral reciprocating action. The stress distribution of the numerical model of the developed test stand is very similar to that of the numerical model of the pelvis with all 57 muscles and joint forces. For instance, at the right arcuate line, the state of stress is identical. However, at the location of superior rami, there is a deviation ranging from 2% to 20% between the two models. The boundary conditions and the nature of loading adopted in this study are more realistic regarding the clinical relevance than state-of-the-art. The numerically developed biomechanical testing setup of the pelvis in this numerical study (Part I) was found to be valid for the experimental testing of the pelvis. The construct of the testing setup and the experimental testing of an intact pelvis under gait loading are discussed in detail in Part II: Experimental Testing.
An Experimental and Numerical Investigation to Improve the Efficiency of Combustion Systems for Heavy-Duty Applications
Authors: Yadav Jaykumar , Pischinger Stefan , Schönfeld Sascha , Deppenkemper Kai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The European Union made new CO2 limits for heavy-duty vehicles mandatory in 2019, aiming to reduce the average tailpipe CO2 emissions by 15% in 2025 and by 30% in 2030, relative to the 2019 baseline. To meet these challenges, new technologies are needed to further reduce the fuel consumption of new heavy-duty trucks (“tank to wheel”) by using more efficient engines. The present study shows the pathways to improve thermal efficiency through better mixture formation and air utilization. This is achieved by designing a new piston bowl shape that has been numerically optimized iteratively to improve the air/fuel mixing by carefully considering the interaction between the fuel spray plume and the piston bowl. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was calibrated using data from experimental studies with a heavy-duty single-cylinder diesel engine in the best efficiency and rated power operation. Heat transfer and turbulence models are studied to determine their influence on the combustion process and NOX emissions. Indicated thermal efficiency and air utilization were used to evaluate the performance of the piston bowl shape. For three different bowl shapes, the fuel spray interaction with the piston bowl was investigated and compared with the base bowl shape with a compression ratio CR = 18.3. Moreover, the effect of a higher CR of 21 on performance and mixture formation was analyzed for the optimized bowl shape. The higher CR of 21 was attained by a geometrically similar reduction of the optimized piston bowl. The results of the numerical and experimental investigations show that a CR of 21 leads to an increase in the indicated thermal efficiency of ∼3% in absolute values.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Prediction of Rotordynamic Coefficients for Grooved Seals: Model and Numerical Sensitivity
Authors: Gibbons Nathaniel , Watson-Kassa Cori , Goyne Christopher 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies for annular seals continues to gain popularity as a powerful tool for seal rotordynamic analysis, but the wide variety in setup and modeling choices without sufficient justification prevent more widespread use of these methods. This study applies the quasi-steady (QS) method for rotordynamic coefficient prediction to an incompressible grooved seal model in order to rigorously quantify the influence of various prominent modeling choices on prediction results. Variation of the upstream region configuration confirms the dependence of the cross-coupled stiffness on the development of circumferential velocity, which is a strong function of upstream geometry. An axial inlet upstream region is shown to be a sufficient approximation to a radial inlet with axial symmetry, representative of a back-to-back seal configuration. Significant stiffness variation is observed for particular downstream region configurations, though the additional pressure perturbation is mostly confined to the downstream region itself. When no downstream region is included, sensitivity to the amount of pressure profile blending enforced at the seal outlet plane is demonstrated, further underscoring the need for an experimentally accurate downstream geometry. This is the first paper dedicated to a quantitative sensitivity investigation of this nature specific to incompressible grooved seals that examines upstream and downstream region configuration, rotor centrifugal growth effects, and modeling whirl amplitude. Use of these results will foster more accurate application of the QS method for rotordynamic predictions of incompressible grooved seals, ultimately enabling more widespread use of CFD methods for general seals predictions.
Thrust Command Scheduling for Uncertainty-Tolerant Control of Gas Turbine Aero-Engines
Authors: Wei Zhiyuan , Zhang Shuguang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Uncertainties in measurements and gas path including manufacture tolerance and degradation effects unavoidably influence thrust regulation of gas turbine aero-engines. In this paper, a thrust command scheduling (TCS) controller is proposed based on current measurement precision levels and the improvement of the industrial sensor-based baseline controller, which aims at enhancing the uncertainty tolerance capabilities for a fleet of in-service gas turbine aero-engines. The TCS controller is fulfilled in two steps. A measurement-insensitive thrust mode is selected via random analysis, followed by a two-dimensional thrust command scheduling approach of a family of thrust maps. Industrial baseline controllers with common thrust modes, i.e., low-pressure shaft speed (N1) and engine pressure ratio (EPR) modes are designed as benchmarks. Simulations are conducted on a validated aero-thermal turbofan engine model with publically available uncertainty statistics. Simulation results at the takeoff state on the new and degraded engine fleets reveal that N1 mode is insensitive to measurement uncertainties but owns significant thrust deviation due to degradation effects. Conversely, EPR mode just has the opposite thrust control behavior, compared to N1 mode. The TCS controller regulates the degraded engine fleet with a tight thrust distribution and suppresses the thrust variation of N1 mode via utilizing the remaining N1 margin. Hence, the uncertainty tolerance benefits of the proposed controller are confirmed.
Review of Turbine Cooling Technologies
Authors: Olczak Dariusz , Jaworski Maciej 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Modern gas turbines operate in very demanding thermomechanical conditions. The operating temperatures are typically higher than material capability, which requires the parts to be cooled. This work aims to provide a concise overview of the current cooling methods and heat transfer mechanisms occurring in modern gas turbines, including different types of turbulence promoters, impingement, film cooling, microcooling, and the impact of recent applications of additive manufacturing.
Impact of Aspect Ratio on Drag and Flow Structure for Cylinders With Two Free Ends
Authors: Shepard Thomas , Law Deify , Dahl Jacob , Reichstadt Rhett , Selvamani Arun Sriniwas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
When examining the literature for flow effects on circular cylinders one can find many studies on infinite cylinders and cantilevered cylinders but minimal data related to cylinders with two free ends (Shepard, T., Law, D., Dahl, J., Reichstadt, R., and Selvamani, A. S., 2022, “Impact of Aspect Ratio on Drag and Flow Structure for Cylinders With Two Free Ends,” ASME Paper No. V001T03A031.). The limited data available shows that the cylinder aspect ratio affects the drag and frequency content of flow within the wake however these studies were done at discreet Reynolds numbers. In order to better understand the combined impact of aspect ratio and Reynolds number a series of wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations has been conducted for cylinders with two free ends having aspect ratios of 2–15. Tests were carried out in the subcritical regime with Reynolds numbers ranging 13000–105,000. Tip vortex effects, which vary with aspect ratio, are shown to impact the cylinder surface pressure, drag coefficient, and wake Strouhal numbers though Reynolds number effects are minor for the conditions studied. The results are compared against existing historical data and show the trend of drag coefficient increasing with cylinder aspect ratio (Shepard, T., Law, D., Dahl, J., Reichstadt, R., and Selvamani, A. S., 2022, “Impact of Aspect Ratio on Drag and Flow Structure for Cylinders With Two Free Ends,” ASME Paper No. V001T03A031).
Glucocorticoids Orchestrate Adult Hippocampal Plasticity: Growth Points and Translational Aspects
Authors: Gulyaeva Natalia V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The review analyzes modern concepts about the control of various mechanisms of the hippocampal neuroplasticity in adult mammals and humans by glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid hormones ensure the coordinated functioning of key components and mechanisms of hippocampal plasticity: neurogenesis, glutamatergic neurotransmission, microglia and astrocytes, systems of neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, proteases, metabolic hormones, neurosteroids. Regulatory mechanisms are diverse; along with the direct action of glucocorticoids through their receptors, there are conciliated glucocorticoid-dependent effects, as well as numerous interactions between various systems and components. Despite the fact that many connections in this complex regulatory scheme have not yet been established, the study of the factors and mechanisms considered in the work forms growth points in the field of glucocorticoid-regulated processes in the brain and primarily in the hippocampus. These studies are fundamentally important for the translation into the clinic and the potential treatment/prevention of common diseases of the emotional and cognitive spheres and respective comorbid conditions.
19 The inflammation in the pathology of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Wiesinger Anna-Maria , Lagler Florian , Bigger Brian , Kampmann Christoph , Giugliani Roberto , Scarpa Maurizio 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionMucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare lysosomal storage diseases caused by different enzyme deficiencies that lead to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in lysosomes and the extracellular matrix. This storage-induced inflammation is a key driver of cytopathology in MPS, and pharmacological immunomodulation can improve brain, cartilage and bone symptoms in rodents. As the approved enzyme replacement therapy cannot stop the progression of CNS involvement and several other symptoms, we develop a rational for personalized treatment to address the unmet clinical need in MPS patients.MethodsFirst, we conducted comprehensive literature reviews on MPS type specific inflammatory immune response and on the safety and efficacy of Adalimumab, Infliximab, Abatacept, Alemtuzumab, Anakinra. Second, by expert consensus top candidates for innovative personalized drug repurposing in MPS patients were identified and ranked.ResultsThe key process is the upregulation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) pathway induced by the accumulation of heparan sulfate (HS) in MPS type I, II and III. This and other relevant mech-anisms indicate TNF-alpha and IL-1 as most promising targets. Systematic analysis of the clinical pharmacology of all relevant candidates and several expert focus group meetings identified Anakinra, Adalimumab, Cladribine and Abatacept as top candidate’s dependent on the individual clinical situation.ConclusionsThese results provide the rational for individual treatment trials (ITTs) with the aim to evaluate immunomodulatory molecules, repurposed in MPS. Furthermore, they will – together with the results of the ITTs – be utilized for the development of a decision tool for the personalized treatment of unmet clinical needs in these patients.
36 Mapping variation between national and local clinical practice guidelines for acute paediatric asthma from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands
Authors: Koldeweij Charlotte , Clarke Jonathan , Rodriguez Gonzalvez Carmen , Nijman Joppe , Maconochie Ian , Appelbaum Nicholas 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionIncreasingly, hospitals rely on local clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) alongside national guidance to standardise clinical care. This study examines variation between national and local CPGs, using the example of acute paediatric asthma (APA) CPGs from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.MethodsFifteen British and Dutch local CPGs were collected with the matching national guidance for the management of APA. The drug sequences, routes and methods of administration recommended for patients with severe APA were represented. Deviations from national guidance were measured. Variation in recommended doses of intravenous salbutamol was examined. CPG quality was assessed using the AGREE II instrument.ResultsBritish and Dutch national CPGs differed in the recommended drug choices, sequences, routes and methods of administration for severe APA. Local British CPGs diverged from national guidance for 23% of their recommended interventions compared to 8% for Dutch local CPGs. Variation in second-line recommendations was greater than for first-line recommendations across local CPGs from both countries. Recommended starting doses for salbutamol infusions varied by more than tenfold. The quality of the sampled local CPGs was low across five out of six AGREE domains (<60%).ConclusionsLocal CPGs for the management of severe APA featured substantial variation and frequently diverged from national guidance. Their methodological quality was low. Although limited to one condition, this study suggests that unmeasured variation across local CPGs may contribute to variation of care more broadly, potentially undermining healthcare quality.