bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy and Exercise: Current Insights and Future Research
Directions
Authors: Botella Javier , Shaw Christopher S , Bishop David J 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAutophagy is a cellular process by which proteins and organelles are degraded
inside the lysosome. Exercise is known to influence the regulation of autophagy
in skeletal muscle. However, as gold standard techniques to assess autophagy
flux in vivo are restricted to animal research, important gaps remain in
our understanding of how exercise influences autophagy activity in humans. Using
available datasets, we show how the gene expression profile of autophagy
receptors and ATG8 family members differ between human and mouse skeletal
muscle, providing a potential explanation for their differing exercise-induced
autophagy responses. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive view of autophagy
regulation following exercise in humans by summarizing human transcriptomic and
phosphoproteomic datasets that provide novel targets of potential relevance.
These newly identified phosphorylation sites may provide an explanation as to
why both endurance and resistance exercise lead to an exercise-induced reduction
in LC3B-II, while possibly divergently regulating autophagy receptors, and,
potentially, autophagy flux. We also provide recommendations to use ex
vivo autophagy flux assays to better understand the influence of
exercise, and other stimuli, on autophagy regulation in humans. This review
provides a critical overview of the field and directs researchers towards novel
research areas that will improve our understanding of autophagy regulation
following exercise in humans.
A General Protocol for the Chemo- and Stereoselective Construction of α,β-Unsaturated γ-Amino Sulfonyl Fluorides
Authors: Qin Hua-Li , Tao Xiang-Feng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA general protocol for the simple, efficient, and mild synthesis of α,β-unsaturated γ-amino sulfonyl fluorides is developed via a base-catalyzed N-alkylation reaction of aromatic amines with (E)-3-bromoprop-1-ene-1-sulfonyl fluoride. This transformation exhibits excellent chemo- and stereoselectivity, mild conditions, broad functional group compatibility and operational simplicity, making it a potentially valuable procedure in medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, and drug discovery.
Gallbladder Drainage: IR and GI Perspective
Authors: Vezeridis Alexander M. , Satyavada Sagarika , Barakat Monique T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCholecystitis and gallbladder disease are an important, growing, and costly problem. As interventional radiology (IR) and gastroenterology (GI) have evolved and become even more minimally invasive and technically capable, we play an increasingly important role in the management of cholecystitis, particularly in nonsurgical and palliative settings. This review highlights the modern and future role of IR and GI in gallbladder drainage for the management of acute cholecystitis.
W-band tunable, multi-channel, frequency comb Doppler backscattering diagnostic in the ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Molina Cabrera P. A. , Kasparek W. , Happel T. , Eixenberger H. , Kammerloher L. , Hennequin P. , Höfler K. , Honoré C. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: August 2023

This article presents the design, implementation, and first data of a uniquely flexible, multi-channel, frequency comb Doppler backscattering diagnostic recently made operational in the ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak [A. Gruber and O. Gruber, Fusion Sci. Technol. 44, 569 (2003)]. It uses a double side-band signal fed into a ×6 frequency multiplier to produce a multiple-frequency output spectrum. Seven of these frequencies are simultaneously measured in the receiver via a two-step frequency down-conversion and traditional I/Q demodulation. The frequency comb spectrum is fully tunable to sit anywhere in the W-band. The inter-frequency separation is also uniquely tunable remotely between 0.1 and 6 GHz without any hardware changes. The diagnostic can be operated in both O and X-mode polarizations and at both oblique and normal incidence to the cutoff layer. The time evolution of backscattered signals, in excess of 30 dB, from seven distinct frequencies sampled simultaneously is presented across an L-to-H-mode confinement regime transition.
Stark control of multiphoton ionization through Freeman resonances in alkyl iodides
Authors: Casasús Ignacio M. , Corrales María E. , Murillo-Sánchez Marta L. , Marggi Poullain Sonia , de Oliveira Nelson , Limão-Vieira Paulo , Bañares Luis 
Published: August 2023

Multiphoton ionization (MPI) of alkyl iodides (RI, R = CnH2n+1, n = 1–4) has been investigated with femtosecond laser pulses centered at 800 and 400 nm along with photoelectron imaging detection. In addition, the ultraviolet (UV)–vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorption spectra of gas-phase RIs have been measured in the photon energy range of 5–11 eV using the VUV Fourier transform spectrometer at the VUV DESIRS beamline of the synchrotron SOLEIL facility. The use of high-laser-field strengths in matter–radiation interaction generates highly non-linear phenomena, such as the Stark shift effect, which distorts the potential energy surfaces of molecules by varying both the energy of electronic and rovibrational states and their ionization energies. The Stark shift can then generate resonances between intermediate states and an integer number of laser photons of a given wavelength, which are commonly known as Freeman resonances. Here, we study how the molecular structure of linear and branched alkyl iodides affects the UV–VUV absorption spectrum, the MPI process, and the generation of Freeman resonances. The obtained results reveal a dominant resonance in the experiments at 800 nm, which counter-intuitively appears at the same photoelectron kinetic energy in the whole alkyl iodide series. The ionization pathways of this resonance strongly involve the 6p(2E3/2) Rydberg state with different degrees of vibrational excitation, revealing an energy compensation effect as the R-chain complexity increases.
Experience of primary caregivers in utilising an mHealth application for remote dental screening in preschool children
Authors: Azimi Somayyeh , Fernando Chrishan , Estai Mohamed , Patel Jilen , Silva Desiree , Tennant Marc 
Published: August 2023

Objectives This study aimed to address the acceptance of mHealth applications for a dental screening app that facilitates patient information entry and captures dental photos remotely to assist in caries diagnosis in preschool children in Australia. Methods All participants were recruited through the ORIGINS Project, a community-based interventional birth cohort study in Western Australia. Forty-two primary caregivers, who were the users of a teledental screening app, were given a questionnaire with 17 questions; these were constructed based on the theme of the Technology Acceptance Model: perceived ease of use (PE), perceived usefulness (PU), behavioural intention to adopt (BI), anxiety (ANX), attitude toward a behaviour (ATB), and self-efficacy (SE). Cronbach’s alpha was estimated to determine internal consistency. Path analysis was employed to quantify the relationship between each theme. Results The mean values for most themes indicated high satisfaction with the intervention among caregivers (scores out of 5): PE (4.54 ± 0.55), PU (4.65 ± 0.49), BI (4.40 ± 0.65), ATB (4.23 ± 0.70), SE (4.36 ± 0.64). Results indicated high consistency in response in the PE, PU, ATB, and SE (α = 0.74–0.84) and moderate consistency was observed in ANX and BI (α = 0.50–0.62). The overall intention of using the dental screening app was significantly related to both PU and ATB (P < 0.05); in addition, the SE and PE also positively affected the PU. Conclusion The perceived usefulness and attitude toward behaviours influenced the overall behavioural intention of the participants to use the telehealth model in dental screening. Recognising these relationships indicates community readiness for implementing the telehealth application in the dental program and enables identification of areas for improving its diffusion.
Benefit Sharing from Maasai Manyatta Visits
Authors: Obombo Magio E. , Charlotte Louwman-Vogels 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Cultural Manyatta, a tourist attraction in Dagurugurueti village, was designed as a way of sharing tourism revenue with the Maasai community. Through in-depth interviews with local leaders and local communities, this case study presents the benefit-sharing experiences of local communities from the cultural Manyatta visits. The local communities indicate that there are concerns relating to limited funds and unequal revenue distribution from cultural Manyatta visits entrance fees paid by tourists. They point to the need for benefit-sharing mechanisms that create a large and equitable share of tourism revenues for all stakeholders.

Information
© The Authors 2023
The differential impact of socioeconomic status indicators on values and self-mastery (El impacto diferencial de los indicadores del nivel socioeconómico en los valores y el autodominio)
Authors: Rea Jessica 
Published: August 2023

Socioeconomic status and social class are measured with a wide and complex range of indicators with little attention paid to the impact these choices may have on empirical findings. This research tests whether different socioeconomic indicators consistently predict motivational differences in the same sample. Two studies were conducted in the United Kingdom. The first study ( N = 430) examined the relationship between income, employment, education and personal values. The study found inconsistent relationships between different socioeconomic indicators and value preferences. A similar pattern of inconsistent relationships between socioeconomic status indicators and measures of self-mastery, and personal values, was found in the second study ( N = 959). The only universal finding across all socioeconomic indicators in both studies was the null relationship with self-transcendence value preferences. These results indicate that we need to be more cautious in framing socioeconomic status as a construct and more rigorous in assessing differences observed across social classes.
Seeing the unseen—enhancing and evaluating undergraduate polarization experiments with interactive Mixed-Reality technology
Authors: Schlummer P , Abazi A , Borkamp R , Lauströer J , Schulz-Schaeffer R , Schuck C , Pernice W , Heusler S , Laumann D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Learning from hands-on experiments requires learners to interpret their concrete interactions with the setup in terms of abstract physical concepts. To facilitate conceptual learning and close the gap between abstract physical models and the haptic interaction with the pertinent experimental setup, we developed an interactive Mixed-Reality learning environment centred around an undergraduate lab experiment dealing with light polarization. The use of Smartglasses (Microsoft HoloLens II) enables real-time visualization of data measured in the setup and ensures a high degree of spatial and temporal contiguity between functional components and model-based representations. A pilot study with N = 73 undergraduate students was conducted in a pre/post design to evaluate the learning environment with respect to learning outcome and learners’ affection towards the experiment. The results show that students’ knowledge had significantly increased after working with the learning environment with a large effect size (t(72) = 8.50, p ≤ 0.001, d = 1.03), and the activities are perceived as interesting and enjoyable. This proves the effectiveness of the environment with regard to learning about polarization and opens the pathway for an extension of our approach to other topics in science education.
On band-to-band tunneling and field management in NiOx/β-Ga2O3 PN junction and PiN diodes
Authors: Mukherjee Ankita , Vasquez Jose Manuel Taboada , Ashai Aasim , Yuvaraja Saravanan , Rajbhar Manoj , Sarkar Biplab , Li Xiaohang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Due to the non-availability of p-type β-Ga2O3 films, p-type NiO
x
is gaining attention as a promising alternative to complement the n-type β-Ga2O3 films. This work investigated the band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) related reverse leakage current in NiO
x
/β-Ga2O3 PN junction diodes. The analysis reveals that a low barrier between the valence band maxima of NiO
x
and conduction band minima of β-Ga2O3 may promote direct BTBT and trap-assisted BTBT currents during the reverse bias. On the contrary, NiO
x
/β-Ga2O3 diodes in PiN configuration offer a wider BTBT depletion width and lower peak electric field, lowering the reverse leakage current by orders of magnitude. Thus, we show that NiO
x
/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction diodes in PiN configuration offer better field management strategies and suppression of the reverse leakage. The analysis performed in this work is thought to be valuable in informing device-design of NiO
x
/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction diodes for future high-power applications.
Resonant Auger spectromicroscopy in ultrathin Fe films on W(110)
Authors: Cojocariu I , Jugovac M , Locatelli A , Menteş T O 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
L3M

2
,
3

M

2
,
3

Auger transition is measured near the L3 resonance of ferromagnetic Fe films on W(110). The kinetic energies of the Auger peaks display the typical Raman behaviour for photon energies well below the absorption threshold, where the Auger energy follows the changes in the photon energy. Classical Auger behaviour with constant kinetic energy sets in at about 1.5 eV below the L3 resonance independently from the number of Fe layers down to the monolayer thickness. Strong x-ray circular magnetic dichroism is observed at the L3 edge in the entire L3M

2
,
3

M

2
,
3

Auger spectrum. Different Auger features originating from the final state with two 3p core holes show slight variations in the dichroic signal, which is attributed to the exchange interaction between the core holes and the valence band. Finally, XMCD-PEEM magnetic domain imaging using Auger electrons is demonstrated with a high level of contrast and lateral resolution approaching that of imaging with secondary photoelectrons.
Combination of fluorescence sensor and artificial intelligence—a new method of quantitative ketamine detection
Authors: Zeng Lanqing , Fu Yusheng , Guo Jiuchuan , Guo Jinhong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Drug abuse is currently a growing concern, with the abuse of narcotic drugs, represented by ketamine, being particularly serious. Chronic use and overdose of such drugs can lead to hallucinations and serious health risks. Therefore, it is essential to establish a fast and high-precision detection method for strict control of drug abuse. In this study, we propose a fast detection process for small instruments, and the use of data augmentation and transfer learning techniques makes it possible to build a high-precision detection model based on small data sets. We also propose an EfficientNet-based Ketamine quantitative detection network. We maintain its lightweight architecture while introducing large kernel convolution to obtain a stronger feature representation without increasing the number of parameters. Our proposed detection process is time-saving and effective, reducing the time required to acquire large data sets, and our proposed model predicts all test data perfectly, solving the problem of bias of other networks in predicting low concentration samples, and breaking the limit of optical biosensor detection accuracy from 1 ng ml−1 to 0.1 ng ml−1.
Effect of simple cubic, face-centered cubic, and body-centered cubic-electrodes on the electric double layer capacitance of supercapacitors
Authors: Nigam Ravi , Kar Kamal K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The continuum theory has been used to analyze the polarization, ion crowding, and electrostatic forces of the electric double layer in the electrode materials having simple cubic (SC), body-centered cubic (BCC), and face-centered cubic (FCC) morphologies. The study manifests the effect of thickness of electrodes, electrode’s particle size, and porosity on electric double-layer specific capacitance (EDLC). Electrochemical interference and the specific capacitance depend on the packing factor. The larger particle size decreases the specific capacitance, but porosity increases due to more surface area. Due to symmetry, SC, BCC, and FCC morphologies have 1, 3, and 5 spheres in a unit cell. The number of unit cells is varied from 1 to 100 in model 1 to analyze the effect of electrode thickness. Model 2 has three unit cells to understand the effect of porosity, and only pore lengths are varied. The critical thickness of the electrodes is the integer multiples of 1.71 μm in all the morphologies. The Stern layer-specific capacitance is 167.6 μF cm−2 in all cases. The EDLC in BCC is around 5.6–7.6 μF cm−2 in the steady state that is intermediate between SC and FCC morphologies. The more dense packing of carbon particles in a unit cell increases the energy storage capabilities of electrodes. The average electrode permittivity slightly decreases due to the combined effect of the high electric field, status of polarization, and electrode particle size. The least optical transmission of electrodes is 98.35%.
Enhanced PET imaging using progressive conditional deep image prior
Authors: Li Jinming , Xi Chen , Dai Houjiao , Wang Jing , Lv Yang , Zhang Puming , Zhao Jun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Unsupervised learning-based methods have been proven to be an effective way to improve the image quality of positron emission tomography (PET) images when a large dataset is not available. However, when the gap between the input image and the target PET image is large, direct unsupervised learning can be challenging and easily lead to reduced lesion detectability. We aim to develop a new unsupervised learning method to improve lesion detectability in patient studies. Approach. We applied the deep progressive learning strategy to bridge the gap between the input image and the target image. The one-step unsupervised learning is decomposed into two unsupervised learning steps. The input image of the first network is an anatomical image and the input image of the second network is a PET image with a low noise level. The output of the first network is also used as the prior image to generate the target image of the second network by iterative reconstruction method. Results. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated through the phantom and patient studies and compared with non-deep learning, supervised learning and unsupervised learning methods. The results showed that the proposed method was superior to non-deep learning and unsupervised methods, and was comparable to the supervised method. Significance. A progressive unsupervised learning method was proposed, which can improve image noise performance and lesion detectability.
Acquaintance immunization with limited knowledge of network structure
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Huang Qiangjuan , Dong Gaogao , Yao Meng , Shekhtman Louis M , Eugene Stanley H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Optimal and efficient immunization of large networks remains a challenging task. Many theories and approaches have been suggested, however most of them require complete knowledge of the underlying network structure. Here, we study a targeted immunization strategy that incorporates the fact that there is often limited knowledge on the network structure. Previous work has suggested ‘acquaintance’ immunization, where rather than selecting a random individual to immunize, an individual is selected and then one of their acquaintances is immunized. Here, we generalize acquaintance immunization to the case where rather than selecting a random acquaintance, we examine the degrees of n acquaintances and immunize the one with the highest degree. We develop and solve an analytic framework for this model and verify our model with extensive numerical simulations. We determine the critical percolation threshold pc
and the size of the giant component,

P
∞

, for arbitrary degree distributions. We also consider our immunization strategy on real-world networks and determine the variation of pc
with increasing n. We find that our new approach improves on both acquaintance immunization and random immunization using limited knowledge.
Molecular dynamics study on martensitic transformation behavior of SLM-NiTi alloy induced by temperature and stress
Authors: Che Jianwei , Shi Guangfeng , Li Lunxiang , Yu Zhenglei , Zhang Jingran , Wang Yonghua , Zhou Tianwen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) technology is currently one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies for complex metal components. NiTi alloy has been highly regarded in advanced applications due to its excellent shape memory and good biocompatibility. However, as a new material, SLM-NiTi alloy is far from being applied in actual advanced fields. In the actual processing, such as grinding, turning, polishing, electrical discharge machining, all involve changes in temperature and stress, Therefore, it is very important to study the martensitic phase transition caused by temperature and stress changes in the precision machining process of SLM-NiTi alloy. However, it is difficult to observe the martensitic phase transition changes directly in the actual processing, so the method of molecular dynamics is adopted in this paper. Moreover, in the process of preparing NiTi alloy by selective laser melting, the ratio of Ni to Ti is very important, which determines the final forming quality. Therefore, this paper studied the martensitic transformation behavior induced by temperature and stress under different nickel proportions, different initial temperatures and different model sizes, and expounded the variation laws of stress–strain, potential energy, volume and dislocation. The microstructure and shear strain were demonstrated on the atomic scale. The results show that temperature plays an important role in the martensite transformation of SLM-NiTi alloy, low temperature will largely inhibit martensite transformation, and high temperature will promote martensite transformation. The stress induced martensite reorientation in SLM-NiTi alloy is accomplished by the migration of the interface between different martensite variants. When the nickel content is 52% and 55%, there is no inflection point between volume and potential energy with the change of temperature, when the nickel content is 50.8%, there is an obvious jump between volume and potential energy. The research in this paper is helpful to guide the processing technology of SLM-NiTi alloy, and also broadens the application of additive manufacturing materials.