bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The critical importance of timing of retrieval practice for the fate of nonretrieved memories
Authors: Kriechbaum Verena M. , Bäuml Karl-Heinz T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRetrieval practice performed shortly upon the encoding of information benefits recall of the retrieved information but causes forgetting of nonretrieved information. Here, we show that the forgetting effect on the nonretrieved information can quickly evolve into recall enhancement when retrieval practice is delayed. During a time window of twenty minutes upon the encoding of information, the forgetting effect observed shortly after encoding first disappeared and then turned into recall enhancement when the temporal lag between encoding and retrieval practice was prolonged. Strikingly, recall enhancement continued to emerge when retrieval practice was postponed up to one week. The results illustrate a fast transition from the forgetting of nonretrieved information to recall enhancement. This fast transition is of relevance for daily life, in which retrieval is often selective and delayed.
Trends in SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values in the Czech Republic from April 2020 to April 2022
Authors: Musalkova Dita , Piherova Lenka , Kwasny Ondrej , Dindova Zuzana , Stancik Lubor , Hartmannova Hana , Slama Otomar , Peckova Petra , Pargac Josef , Minarik Gabriel , Zima Tomas , Bleyer Anthony J. , Radina Martin , Pohludka Michal , Kmoch Stanislav 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe inability to predict the evolution of the COVID-19 epidemic hampered abilities to respond to the crisis effectively. The cycle threshold (Ct) from the standard SARS-CoV-2 quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) clinical assay is inversely proportional to the amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the sample. We were interested to see if population Ct values could predict future increases in COVID-19 cases as well as subgroups that would be more likely to be affected. This information would have been extremely helpful early in the COVID-19 epidemic. We therefore conducted a retrospective analysis of demographic data and Ct values from 2,076,887 nasopharyngeal swab RT-qPCR tests that were performed at a single diagnostic laboratory in the Czech Republic from April 2020 to April 2022 and from 221,671 tests that were performed as a part of a mandatory school surveillance testing program from March 2021 to March 2022. We found that Ct values could be helpful predictive tools in the real-time management of viral epidemics. First, early measurement of Ct values would have indicated the low viral load in children, equivalent viral load in males and females, and higher viral load in older individuals. Second, rising or falling median Ct values and differences in Ct distribution indicated changes in the transmission in the population. Third, monitoring Ct values and positivity rates would have provided early evidence as to whether prevention measures are effective. Health system authorities should thus consider collecting weekly median Ct values of positively tested samples from major diagnostic laboratories for regional epidemic surveillance.
Attraction, mobility, and preference by Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) to microbially-mediated volatile emissions by two species of fungi in stored grain
Authors: Ponce Marco A. , Sierra Petra , Maille Jacqueline M. , Kim Tania N. , Scully Erin D. , Morrison William R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInsects and microbes are known to interact in a variety of ways at food facilities, compounding damage. However, little research has explicated how specific common fungal species affect the behavior of the cosmopolitan secondary stored product pest,Lasioderma serricorne. Enhanced knowledge about attraction to microbially-produced volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) may be used to manipulate insect behavior.Aspergillus flavusandFusarium verticillioidesare two common, widespread pre- and postharvest fungi on small cereals that produce aflatoxins and fumonisins, respectively, while directly competing with each other for nutrients. Our goals were to (1) characterize the volatile emissions from grain inoculated byA. flavusorF. verticillioidesderived from the cuticle ofL. serricornecompared to uninoculated and sanitized grain, and (2) understand how MVOCs from each fungal species affects mobility, attraction, and preference byL. serricorne. Headspace collection revealed that theF. verticillioides- andA. flavus-inoculated grain produced significantly different volatiles compared to sanitized grain or the positive control. Changes in MVOC emissions affected close-range foraging during an Ethovision movement assay, with a greater frequency of entering and spending time in a small zone with kernels inoculated withA. flavuscompared to other treatments. In the release-recapture assay, MVOCs were found to be attractive toL. serricorneat longer distances in commercial pitfall traps. There was no preference shown among semiochemical stimuli in a still-air, four-way olfactometer. Overall, our study suggests that MVOCs are important for close- and long-range orientation ofL. serricorneduring foraging, and that MVOCs may have the potential for inclusion in behaviorally-based tactics for this species.
The impact of alertness vs. fatigue on interrogators in an actigraphic study of field investigations
Authors: Krizan Zlatan , Miller Anthony J. , Meissner Christian A. , Jones Matthew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInvestigative interviews (e.g., interrogations) are a critical component of criminal, military, and civil investigations. However, how levels of alertness (vs. sleepiness) of the interviewer impact outcomes of actual interviews is unknown. To this end, the current study tracked daily fluctuations in alertness among professional criminal investigators to predict their daily experiences with actual field interviews. Fifty law-enforcement investigators wore a sleep-activity tracker for two weeks while keeping a daily-diary of investigative interviews conducted in the field. For each interview, the investigators indicated how well they established rapport with the subject, how much resistance they encountered, how well they maintained their own focus and composure, and the overall utility of intelligence obtained. Daily alertness was biomathematically modeled from actigraphic sleep duration and continuity estimates and used to predict interview characteristics. Investigators consistently reported more difficulties maintaining their focus and composure as well as encountering more subject resistance during interviews on days with lower alertness. Better interview outcomes were also reported on days with subjectively better sleep, while findings were generally robust to inclusion of covariates. The findings implicate adequate sleep as a modifiable fitness factor for collectors of human intelligence.
Lifetime prevalence and treatment of mental disorders in Saudi youth and adolescents
Authors: Altwaijri Yasmin , Kazdin Alan E. , Al-Subaie Abdullah , Al-Habeeb Abdulhameed , Hyder Sanaa , Bilal Lisa , Naseem Mohammad Talal , De Vol Edward 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrevious global and regional studies indicate that adolescents and young adults (i.e., youth) are affected by various mental disorders with lifelong consequences. However, there are no national estimates of mental disorders prevalent among Saudi youth. Using data from the Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS), we examined the lifetime prevalence, treatment, and socio-demographic correlates of mental disorders among Saudi youth (aged 15–30). A total of 4004 interviews were conducted using the adapted Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Cross tabulations and logistic regression were used to generate estimates for the SNMHS youth sample (n = 1881). The prevalence of a mental disorder among Saudi youth was 40.10%, where anxiety disorders affected 26.84% of the sample, followed by disruptive behavior disorders (15.44%), mood disorders (9.67%), substance use disorders (4%) and eating disorders (7.06%). Sex, education, parental education, income, marital status, region, and family history of disorders were significant correlates of various classes of mental disorders. Only 14.47% of Saudi youth with any mental disorder received treatment for a lifetime disorder. Age, parental education, and family history of disorders emerged as significant correlates of mental health treatment. Lifetime mental disorders are highly prevalent among Saudi youth. There is an unmet need for culturally sensitive and age-appropriate treatment of lifetime mental disorders among youth in Saudi Arabia.
Effective CO2 capture by using poly (acrylonitrile) nanofibers based on the radiation grafting procedure in fixed-bed adsorption column
Authors: Tourzani Ali Ahmadizadeh , Hormozi Faramarz , Asadollahzadeh Mehdi , Torkaman Rezvan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, a new adsorbent was investigated for CO2 adsorption in the fixed-bed column. Poly (acrylonitrile) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, then grafting under gamma irradiation with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Then, the nanofibers were modified with ethanolamine (EA), diethylamine (DEA) and triethylamine (TEA) to adsorb carbon dioxide molecules. Dynamic adsorption experiments were performed with a mixture of CH4, CO2 in a constant bed column at ambient pressure and temperature and CO2 feed concentration (5%). The maximum adsorption capacity is 2.84 mmol/g for samples with 172.26% degree of grafting (DG) in 10 kGy. Also, the degree of amination with ethanolamine was achieved equal to 170.83%. In addition, the reduction of the regeneration temperature and the stability of this adsorbent after four cycles indicated the high performance of this adsorbent for CO2 adsorption.
Time domain double slit interference of electron produced by XUV synchrotron radiation
Authors: Kaneyasu T. , Hikosaka Y. , Wada S. , Fujimoto M. , Ota H. , Iwayama H. , Katoh M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present a new realization of the time-domain double-slit experiment with photoelectrons, demonstrating that spontaneous radiation from a bunch of relativistic electrons can be used to control the quantum interference of single-particles. The double-slit arrangement is realized by a pair of light wave packets with attosecond-controlled spacing, which is naturally included in the spontaneous radiation from two undulators in series. Photoelectrons emitted from helium atoms are observed in the energy-domain under the condition of detecting them one by one, and the stochastic buildup of the quantum interference pattern on a detector plane is recorded.
Modulation of the executive control network by anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves task shielding in dual tasking
Authors: Mahesan Devu , Antonenko Daria , Flöel Agnes , Fischer Rico 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTask shielding is an important executive control demand in dual-task performance enabling the segregation of stimulus–response translation processes in each task to minimize between-task interference. Although neuroimaging studies have shown activity in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during various multitasking performances, the specific role of dlPFC in task shielding, and whether non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) may facilitate task shielding remains unclear. We therefore applied a single-blind, crossover sham-controlled design in which 34 participants performed a dual-task experiment with either anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS, 1 mA, 20 min) or sham tDCS (1 mA, 30 s) over left dlPFC. Task shielding was assessed by the backward-crosstalk effect, indicating the extent of between-task interference in dual tasks. Between-task interference was largest at high temporal overlap between tasks, i.e., at short stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). Most importantly, in these conditions of highest multitasking demands, atDCS compared to sham stimulation significantly reduced between-task interference in error rates. These findings extend previous neuroimaging evidence and support modulation of successful task shielding through a conventional tDCS setup with anodal electrode over the left dlPFC. Moreover, our results demonstrate that NIBS can improve shielding of the prioritized task processing, especially in conditions of highest vulnerability to between-task interference.
Quantification of bulk lipid species in human platelets and their thrombin-induced release
Authors: Heimerl Susanne , Höring Marcus , Kopczynski Dominik , Sigruener Alexander , Hart Christina , Burkhardt Ralph , Black Anne , Ahrends Robert , Liebisch Gerhard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLipids play a central role in platelet physiology. Changes in the lipidome have already been described for basal and activated platelets. However, quantitative lipidomic data of platelet activation, including the released complex lipids, are unavailable. Here we describe an easy-to-use protocol based on flow-injection mass spectrometry for the quantitative analysis of bulk lipid species in basal and activated human platelets and their lipid release after thrombin activation. We provide lipid species concentrations of 12 healthy human donors, including cholesteryl ester (CE), ceramide (Cer), free cholesterol (FC), hexosylceramide (HexCer), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), sphingomyelin (SM) and triglycerides (TG). The assay exhibited good technical repeatability (CVs < 5% for major lipid species in platelets). Except for CE and TG, the inter-donor variability of the majority of lipid species concentrations in platelets was < 30% CV. Balancing of concentrations revealed the generation of LPC and loss of TG. Changes in lipid species concentrations indicate phospholipase-mediated release of arachidonic acid mainly from PC, PI, and PE but not from PS. Thrombin induced lipid release was mainly composed of FC, PS, PC, LPC, CE, and TG. The similarity of the released lipidome with that of plasma implicates that lipid release may originate from the open-canalicular system (OCS). The repository of lipid species concentrations determined with this standardized platelet release assay contribute to elucidating the physiological role of platelet lipids and provide a basis for investigating the platelet lipidome in patients with hemorrhagic or thrombotic disorders.
Longitudinal lung cancer prediction convolutional neural network model improves the classification of indeterminate pulmonary nodules
Authors: Paez Rafael , Kammer Michael N. , Balar Aneri , Lakhani Dhairya A. , Knight Michael , Rowe Dianna , Xiao David , Heideman Brent E. , Antic Sanja L. , Chen Heidi , Chen Sheau-Chiann , Peikert Tobias , Sandler Kim L. , Landman Bennett A. , Deppen Stephen A. , Grogan Eric L. , Maldonado Fabien 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA deep learning model (LCP CNN) for the stratification of indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) demonstrated better discrimination than commonly used clinical prediction models. However, the LCP CNN score is based on a single timepoint that ignores longitudinal information when prior imaging studies are available. Clinically, IPNs are often followed over time and temporal trends in nodule size or morphology inform management. In this study we investigated whether the change in LCP CNN scores over time was different between benign and malignant nodules. This study used a prospective-specimen collection, retrospective-blinded-evaluation (PRoBE) design. Subjects with incidentally or screening detected IPNs 6–30 mm in diameter with at least 3 consecutive CT scans prior to diagnosis (slice thickness ≤ 1.5 mm) with the same nodule present were included. Disease outcome was adjudicated by biopsy-proven malignancy, biopsy-proven benign disease and absence of growth on at least 2-year imaging follow-up. Lung nodules were analyzed using the Optellum LCP CNN model. Investigators performing image analysis were blinded to all clinical data. The LCP CNN score was determined for 48 benign and 32 malignant nodules. There was no significant difference in the initial LCP CNN score between benign and malignant nodules. Overall, the LCP CNN scores of benign nodules remained relatively stable over time while that of malignant nodules continued to increase over time. The difference in these two trends was statistically significant. We also developed a joint model that incorporates longitudinal LCP CNN scores to predict future probability of cancer. Malignant and benign nodules appear to have distinctive trends in LCP CNN score over time. This suggests that longitudinal modeling may improve radiomic prediction of lung cancer over current models. Additional studies are needed to validate these early findings.
A proof-of-concept assay for quantitative and optical assessment of drug-induced toxicity in renal organoids
Authors: Dilz Jasmin , Auge Isabel , Groeneveld Kathrin , Reuter Stefanie , Mrowka Ralf 
Published: April 2023

AbstractKidneys are complex organs, and reproducing their function and physiology in a laboratory setting remains difficult. During drug development, potential compounds may exhibit unexpected nephrotoxic effects, which imposes a significant financial burden on pharmaceutical companies. As a result, there is an ongoing need for more accurate model systems. The use of renal organoids to simulate responses to nephrotoxic insults has the potential to bridge the gap between preclinical drug efficacy studies in cell cultures and animal models, and the stages of clinical trials in humans. Here we established an accessible fluorescent whole-mount approach for nuclear and membrane staining to first provide an overview of the organoid histology. Furthermore, we investigated the potential of renal organoids to model responses to drug toxicity. For this purpose, organoids were treated with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin for 48 h. When cell viability was assessed biochemically, the organoids demonstrated a significant, dose-dependent decline in response to the treatment. Confocal microscopy revealed visible tubular disintegration and a loss of cellular boundaries at high drug concentrations. This observation was further reinforced by a dose-dependent decrease of the nuclear area in the analyzed images. In contrast to other approaches, in this study, we provide a straightforward experimental framework for drug toxicity assessment in renal organoids that may be used in early research stages to assist screen for potential adverse effects of compounds.
Predicting a kidney transplant patient’s pre-transplant functional status based on information from waitlist registration
Authors: Mark Ethan , Goldsman David , Gurbaxani Brian , Keskinocak Pinar , Sokol Joel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith over 100,000 patients on the kidney transplant waitlist in 2019, it is important to understand if and how the functional status of a patient may change while on the waitlist. Recorded both at registration and just prior to transplantation, the Karnofsky Performance Score measures a patient’s functional status and takes on values ranging from 0 to 100 in increments of 10. Using machine learning techniques, we built a gradient boosting regression model to predict a patient’s pre-transplant functional status based on information known at the time of waitlist registration. The model’s predictions result in an average root mean squared error of 12.99 based on 5 rolling origin cross validations and 12.94 in a separate out-of-time test. In comparison, predicting that the pre-transplant functional status remains the same as the status at registration, results in average root mean squared errors of 14.50 and 14.11 respectively. The analysis is based on 118,401 transplant records from 2007 to 2019. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previously published research on building a model to predict kidney pre-transplant functional status. We also find that functional status at registration and total serum albumin, have the most impact in predicting the pre-transplant functional status.
A new data integration framework for Covid-19 social media information
Authors: Ansell Lauren , Dalla Valle Luciana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic presents a serious threat to people’s health, resulting in over 250 million confirmed cases and over 5 million deaths globally. To reduce the burden on national health care systems and to mitigate the effects of the outbreak, accurate modelling and forecasting methods for short- and long-term health demand are needed to inform government interventions aiming at curbing the pandemic. Current research on Covid-19 is typically based on a single source of information, specifically on structured historical pandemic data. Other studies are exclusively focused on unstructured online retrieved insights, such as data available from social media. However, the combined use of structured and unstructured information is still uncharted. This paper aims at filling this gap, by leveraging historical and social media information with a novel data integration methodology. The proposed approach is based on vine copulas, which allow us to exploit the dependencies between different sources of information. We apply the methodology to combine structured datasets retrieved from official sources and a big unstructured dataset of information collected from social media. The results show that the combined use of official and online generated information contributes to yield a more accurate assessment of the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic, compared to the sole use of official data.
The role of Klotho and FGF23 in cardiovascular outcomes of diabetic patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia: a prospective study
Authors: Biscetti Federico , Rando Maria Margherita , Cecchini Andrea Leonardo , Nicolazzi Maria Anna , Rossini Enrica , Angelini Flavia , Iezzi Roberto , Eraso Luis H. , Dimuzio Paul J. , Pitocco Dario , Gasbarrini Antonio , Massetti Massimo , Flex Andrea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCardiovascular complications after lower extremity revascularization (LER) are common in diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). The Klotho-fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) axis is associated with endothelial injury and cardiovascular risk. We aimed to analyze the relationship between Klotho and FGF23 serum levels and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE) after LER in diabetic patients with PAD and CLTI. Baseline levels of Klotho and FGF23, and their association with subsequent incidence of MACE and MALE were analyzed in a prospective, non-randomized study in a population of diabetic patients with PAD and CLTI requiring LER. A total of 220 patients were followed for 12 months after LER. Sixty-three MACE and 122 MALE were recorded during follow-up period. Baseline lower Klotho serum levels (295.3 ± 151.3 pg/mL vs. 446.4 ± 171.7 pg/mL, p < 0.01), whereas increased serum levels FGF23 (75.0 ± 11.8 pg/mL vs. 53.2 ± 15.4 pg/mL, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with the development of MACE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis confirmed the predictive power of Klotho and FGF23 baseline levels. Furthermore, decreased Klotho levels were associated with the occurrence of MALE after LER (329.1 ± 136.8 pg/mL vs 495.4 ± 183.9 pg/mL, p < 0.01). We found that Klotho and FGF23 baseline levels are a potential biomarker for increased cardiovascular risk after LER in diabetic patients with PAD and CLTI.