bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement patterns and habitat use for the sympatric species: Gambelia wislizenii and Aspidoscelis tigris
Authors: McAlpine‐Bellis Elizabeth , Utsumi Kaera L. , Diamond Kelly M. , Klein Janine , Gilbert‐Smith Sophia , Garrison Grace E. , Eifler Maria A. , Eifler Douglas A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMovement is an important characteristic of an animal's ecology, reflecting the perception of and response to environmental conditions. To effectively search for food, movement patterns likely depend on habitat characteristics and the sensory systems used to find prey. We examined movements associated with foraging for two sympatric species of lizards inhabiting the Great Basin Desert of southeastern Oregon. The two species have largely overlapping diets but find prey via different sensory cues, which link to their differing foraging strategies—the long‐nosed leopard lizard, Gambelia wislizenii, is a visually‐oriented predator, while the western whiptail, Aspidoscelis tigris, relies more heavily on chemosensory cues to find prey. Using detailed focal observations, we characterized the habitat use and movement paths of each species. We placed markers at the location of focal animals every minute for the duration of each 30‐min observation. Afterward, we recorded whether each location was in the open or in vegetation, as well as the movement metrics of step length, path length, net displacement, straightness index, and turn angle, and then made statistical comparisons between the two species. The visual forager spent more time in open areas, moved less frequently over shorter distances, and differed in patterns of plant use compared to the chemosensory forager. Path characteristics of step length and turn angle differed between species. The visual predator moved in a way that was consistent with the notion that they require a clear visual path to stalk prey whereas the movement of the chemosensory predator increased their chances of detecting prey by venturing further into vegetation. Sympatric species can partition limited resources through differences in search behavior and habitat use.
Exotic tree plantations in the Chilean Coastal Range: Balancing effects of discrete disturbances, connectivity and a persistent drought on catchment erosion
Authors: Tolorza Violeta , Mohr Christian , Zambrano-Bigiarini Mauricio , Sotomayor Benjamin , Poblete-Caballero Dagoberto , Carretier Sebastien , Galleguillos Mauricio , Seguel Oscar 
Published: August 2023

The Coastal Range in the Mediterranean segment of Chile is a soil
mantled landscape with potential to store valuable supplies of fresh
water and support a biodiverse native forest. Nevertheless, human
intervention has been increasing soil erosion for ~ 200
yr, with intensive management of exotic tree plantations during the
last ~ 45 yr. At the same time, this landscape has been
affected by a prolonged megadrought, and is not yet well understood how
the combined effect of anthropogenic disturbances and hydrometeorologic
trends affect sediment transport at the catchment scale.
In this study we calculate a decadal-scale catchment erosion rate from
suspended sediment loads and compare it with a
10-year-scale catchment denudation rate estimated
from detritic Be. We then contrast these rates
against the effects of discrete anthropogenic disturbances and
hydroclimatic trends. Erosion/denudation rates are similar on both time
scales, i.e. 0.018 ± 0.005 mm/yr and 0.024 ± 0.004 mm/yr, respectively.
Recent human-made disturbances include logging operations during each
season and a dense network of forestry roads, which increase structural
sediment connectivity. Other disturbances include two widespread
wildfires (2015 and 2017) and one Mw 8.8 earthquake (2010).
We observe a decrease in suspended sediment load during the wet seasons
for the period 1986-2018 coinciding with declines in streamflow,
baseflow and rainfall. The low 10-year denudation
rate agrees with a landscape dominated by slow diffusive soil creep.
However, the low 10-year-scale erosion rate and the decrease in
suspended sediments are not in agreement with the expected effect of
intensive anthropogenic disturbances and increased structural (sediment)
connectivity. These paradox suggest that, either suspended sediment
loads and, thus, catchment erosion, are underestimated, and/or that
decennial sediment detachment and transport were smeared by decreasing
rainfall and streamflow. Our findings indicate that human-made
disturbances and hydrometeorologic trends may result in opposite,
partially offsetting effects on recent erosion, but both contribute to
the landscape degradation.
Finite‐element‐based machine‐learning algorithm for studying gyrotactic‐nanofluid flow via stretching surface
Authors: Chandra Priyanka , Das Raja 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm with back‐propagated neural network (BLM‐NN) based on machine learning is used in a dynamic fashion in this study to examine the 2D boundary layer flow of a nanofluid comprising gyrotactic microorganisms flowing across a stretchable vertically inclined surface (NGM‐ISSFM), immersed in a porous medium. An extensively verified finite‐element method (FEM) is used to produce the reference data set for BLM‐NN by altering five crucial parameters of the flow model in MATLAB. The main objective of this innovative approach is to minimize longer execution times (for larger number of elements) and more expensive digital computer requirements that are the key barriers to opting the FEM, and in order to obtain the entire function instead of the discrete solution that other numerical methods typically produce. To estimate the NGM‐ISSFM model's result for diverse scenario, BLM‐NN is trained, tested, and validated. Several BLM‐NN implementations using MSE‐based indices have shown the performance's veracity and validity through descriptive statistics. The results show that when the Prandtl number increases, the temperature profile and density profile of microorganisms fall dramatically, implying that a fluid with a low Prandtl number is required to enhance the rate of heat transmission.
A meta‐analysis of the effect of probiotic administration on age‐related sarcopenia
Authors: Shokri‐Mashhadi Nafiseh , Navab Fatemeh , Ansari Shakila , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein , Hajhashemy Zahra , Saraf‐Bank Sahar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlobal increase in the prevalence of age‐related diseases, such as sarcopenia, highlights the need of recognizing agents that improve muscle health; however, the evidence synthesis on the impact of probiotic administration on sarcopenia is scarce. To summarize and evaluate findings regarding the effect of supplementation with probiotics on sarcopenia, this meta‐analysis was conducted. Using databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI–Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, interventional studies were included if they investigate the effect of probiotic administration on at least one of the components of sarcopenia up to 6 October 2022. Risk of bias evaluation was conducted using the Cochrane quality assessment tool. The random‐effects model which takes between‐study variations into account was used to obtain the overall effect sizes. The STATA version 14.0 was used for statistical analyses. Overall, 17 studies were included. There was high certainty of evidence that probiotic supplementation has a beneficial effect on muscle mass (kg) (WMD: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.05; I2: 0.0%, p = .995), and muscle function (WMD: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.23; I2: 65.6%, p = .05). Moreover, administration of probiotics for more than 12 weeks significantly increased muscle strength (WMD: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.44; I2: 0.0%, p = .77). However, probiotic supplementation had no effect on anthropometric indices, including body mass index. Probiotic supplementation could improve muscle mass and muscle function in adults more than 55 years old. The beneficial effect of probiotics on muscle strength could appear after 12 weeks of supplementation.
Computed tomography‐defined sarcopenia as a risk factor for short‐term postoperative complications in oral cancer patients with free flap reconstruction: A retrospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lin Bo , Lin Jianlin , Wang Feng , Wang Yufan , Shen Shiyue , Hong Xia , Yang HuiJun , Wang Shunji , Yang Hongyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative complications after free flap reconstruction for oral cancer can increase cost and prolong hospitalization. This study explored risk factors for complications, focusing on sarcopenia.MethodsThe study explored the associations between computed tomography‐defined sarcopenia and the occurrence of postoperative complications, adjusted for age, gender, smoking, alcohol, ASA scoring, clinical stage of tumor, tumor site, type of free flap used, presence of tracheotomy, and blood test parameters.ResultsOf 253 patients, 17.39% (44/253) of oral cancer patients had comorbid sarcopenia. Univariate analysis showed an overall postoperative complication rate of 65.90% in the sarcopenia group and 51.67% in the non‐sarcopenia group. Multivariate modeling showed sarcopenia and smoking were major risk factors for total and respiratory complications, increasing the risks by over two‐fold. No factors significantly impacted surgery‐specific complications.ConclusionsThis study identified sarcopenia as a risk factor for postoperative complications in oral cancer patients undergoing flap reconstruction.
Non‐invasive biochemical analysis and comparison of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis skin using handheld confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Dinish U. S. , Yew Yik Weng , Vinod Ram Keertana , Bi Renzhe , Attia Amalina Binte Ebrahim , Teo Xinhui Valerie , Rajarahm Poongkulali , Oon Hazel Hweeboon , Thng Steven Tien Guan , Olivo Malini 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA handheld non‐invasive confocal Raman system (CRS) was used to evaluate the differences in skin biochemicals between atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis, which are inflammatory skin conditions. Raman spectral measurements in the fingerprint and high wavenumber region were acquired using a portable in‐house CRS system with excitation lasers operating at 671 and 785 nm. It was deduced that relative amount of water decreases in the following sequence of skin: healthy, psoriasis and AD. Moreover, differential trends were observed for the subclasses of ceramides such that ceramide 3 is lower in the lesional AD and psoriasis skin as compared to healthy, while ceramide 2 showed a contrasting trend of decrease in lesional AD and increase in lesional psoriasis as opposed to healthy skin. Amount of cholesterol was significantly higher in lesional psoriasis as compared to lesional AD and healthy skin. These differences can aid in an objective classification of the skin conditions and in the formulation of new disease‐specific topical treatments.
Primary cilia: Structure, dynamics, and roles in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment
Authors: Guan Yi‐Ting , Zhang Chong , Zhang Hong‐Yong , Wei Wen‐Lu , Yue Wei , Zhao Wei , Zhang Dong‐Hui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite the initiation of tumor arises from tumorigenic transformation signaling in cancer cells, cancer cell survival, invasion, and metastasis also require a dynamic and reciprocal association with extracellular signaling from tumor microenvironment (TME). Primary cilia are the antenna‐like structure that mediate signaling sensation and transduction in different tissues and cells. Recent studies have started to uncover that the heterogeneous ciliation in cancer cells and cells from the TME in tumor growth impels asymmetric paracellular signaling in the TME, indicating the essential functions of primary cilia in homeostasis maintenance of both cancer cells and the TME. In this review, we discussed recent advances in the structure and assembly of primary cilia, and the role of primary cilia in tumor and TME formation, as well as the therapeutic potentials that target ciliary dynamics and signaling from the cells in different tumors and the TME.
Cdon ablation in motor neurons causes age‐related motor neuron degeneration and impaired sciatic nerve repair
Authors: Kim Sunghee , An Subin , Lee Jinwoo , Jeong Yideul , You Chang‐Lim , Kim Hyebeen , Bae Ju‐Hyeon , Yun Chae‐Eun , Ryu Dongryul , Bae Gyu‐Un , Kang Jong‐Sun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe functional deterioration and loss of motor neurons are tightly associated with degenerative motor neuron diseases and aging‐related muscle wasting. Motor neuron diseases or aging‐related muscle wasting in turn contribute to increased risk of adverse health outcomes in the elderly. Cdon (cell adhesion molecule‐downregulated oncogene) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecule and plays essential roles in multiple signalling pathways, including sonic hedgehog (Shh), netrin, and cadherin‐mediated signalling. Cdon as a Shh coreceptor plays a critical role in motor neuron specification during embryonic development. However, its role in adult motor neuron function is unknown.MethodsHb9‐Cre recombinase‐driven motor neuron‐specific Cdon deficient mice (mnKO) and a compound mutant mice (mnKO::SOD1G93A) were generated to investigate the role of Cdon in motor neuron degeneration. Motor neuron regeneration was examined by using a sciatic nerve crush injury model. To investigate the phenotype, physical activity, compound muscle action potential, immunostaining, and transmission electron microscopy were carried out. In the mechanism study, RNA sequencing and RNA/protein analyses were employed.ResultsMice lacking Cdon in motor neurons exhibited middle age onset lethality and aging‐related decline in motor function. In the sciatic nerve crush injury model, mnKO mice exhibited an impairment in motor function recovery evident by prolonged compound muscle action potential duration (4.63 ± 0.35 vs. 3.93 ± 0.22 s for f/f, P < 0.01) and physical activity. Consistently, neuromuscular junctions of mnKO muscles were incompletely occupied (49.79 ± 5.74 vs. 79.39 ± 3.77% fully occupied neuromuscular junctions for f/f, P < 0.0001), suggesting an impaired reinnervation. The transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that mnKO sciatic nerves had smaller axon diameter (0.88 ± 0.13 vs. 1.43 ± 0.48 μm for f/f, P < 0.0001) and myelination defects. RNA sequencing of mnKO lumbar spinal cords showed alteration in genes related to neurogenesis, inflammation and cell death. Among the altered genes, ErbB4 and FgfR expressions were significantly altered in mnKO as well as in Cdon‐depleted NSC34 motor neuron cells. Consistently, Cdon‐depleted NSC34 cells exhibited elevated levels of cleaved Caspase3 and γH2AX proteins, as well as Bax transcription. Cdon‐depleted NSC34 cells also exhibited impaired activation of Akt in response to neuregulin‐1 (NRG1) treatment.ConclusionsOur current data demonstrate the functional importance of Cdon in motor neuron function and nerve repair. Cdon ablation causes alterations in neurotrophin signalling that leads to motor neuron degeneration.
One‐year change in sarcopenia was associated with cognitive impairment among haemodialysis patients
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Da Jingjing , Yuan Jing , Zha Yan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOur study aimed to evaluate change in sarcopenia, its defining components over 1 year follow‐up and investigate associations with subsequent cognitive decline, incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia among patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD).MethodsIn the multicentre, longitudinal study, 1117 HD patients aged 56.8 ± 14.3 years (654 men; and 463 women) from 17 dialysis centres in Guizhou Province, China, were recruited in 2019 and followed up for 1 year in 2020. Sarcopenia was diagnosed with Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria using appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) and handgrip strength (HGS). Body composition was measured using body composition monitor; body water, weight, and height were corrected to calculate ASMI. HGS was measured by mechanical handgrip dynamometer. Cognitive function was measured with Mini Mental State Examination. Multivariate linear, logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were employed to examine the associations of changes in sarcopenia, ASMI, and HGS with Mini Mental State Examination score change, and incident MCI, dementia.ResultsFour hundred fourteen (37.1%) patients had sarcopenia at baseline; during 1 year follow‐up, 257 (23.0%) developed MCI and 143 (12.8%) developed dementia. According to changes in sarcopenia, patients were stratified into four groups: non‐sarcopenia; non‐sarcopenia to sarcopenia; sarcopenia; and sarcopenia to non‐sarcopenia. HD patients in sarcopenia and non‐sarcopenia to sarcopenia groups had higher risk of MCI (34.8%, 32.0%, vs. 17.4%) and dementia (20.6%, 19.8%, vs. 8.7%), compared non‐sarcopenia group (P < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that sarcopenia [regression coefficients (β) −1.098, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.872, −0.324, P = 0.005] and non‐sarcopenia to sarcopenia (β −1.826, −2.441, −1.212, P < 0.001) were associated with faster cognitive decline compared to non‐sarcopenia. HGS decline (β 0.046, 0.027–0.064, P < 0.001) and ASMI decline (β 0.236, 0.109–0.362, P < 0.001) were both positively associated with cognitive decline. Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that patients with sarcopenia and non‐sarcopenia to sarcopenia were both at increased risk of developing MCI [odds ratio (OR) 1.788, 95% CI 1.115–2.870, P = 0.016 and OR 1.589, 95% CI 1.087–2.324, P = 0.017, respectively], but only non‐sarcopenia to sarcopenia was at increased risk of dementia (OR 1.792, 95% CI 1.108–2.879, P = 0.017). Both greater change of ASMI and HGS had lower risk of MCI with adjusted ORs of 0.857 (0.778–0.945, P = 0.002) and 0.976 (0.963–0.989, P < 0.001). Robust associations were found among female individuals, aged >60 years, and with low educational level.ConclusionsLongitudinal associations were observed between new‐onset, persistent sarcopenia, and cognitive impairment. Early detection and intervention should be implemented to delay the onset of sarcopenia and improve cognitive health among HD patients.
When do the effects of single‐session interventions persist? Testing the mindset + supportive context hypothesis in a longitudinal randomized trial
Authors: Hecht Cameron A. , Gosling Samuel D. , Bryan Christopher J. , Jamieson Jeremy P. , Murray Jared S. , Yeager David S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐session interventions have the potential to address young people's mental health needs at scale, but their effects are heterogeneous. We tested whether the mindset + supportive context hypothesis could help explain when intervention effects persist or fade over time. The hypothesis posits that interventions are more effective in environments that support the intervention message. We tested this hypothesis using the synergistic mindsets intervention, a preventative treatment for stress‐related mental health symptoms that helps students appraise stress as a potential asset in the classroom (e.g., increasing oxygenated blood flow) rather than debilitating. In an introductory college course, we examined whether intervention‐consistent messages from instructors sustained changes in appraisals over time, as well as impacts on students' predisposition to try demanding academic tasks that could enhance learning.MethodsWe randomly assigned 1675 students in the course to receive the synergistic mindsets intervention (or a control activity) at the beginning of the semester, and subsequently, to receive intervention‐supportive messages from their instructor (or neutral messages) four times throughout the term. We collected weekly measures of students' appraisals of stress in the course and their predisposition to take on academic challenges. Trial‐registration: OSF.io; DOI: 10.17605/osf.io/fchyn.ResultsA conservative Bayesian analysis indicated that receiving both the intervention and supportive messages led to the greatest increases in positive stress appraisals (0.35 SD; 1.00 posterior probability) and challenge‐seeking predisposition (2.33 percentage points; 0.94 posterior probability), averaged over the course of the semester. In addition, intervention effects grew larger throughout the semester when complemented by supportive instructor messages, whereas without these messages, intervention effects shrank somewhat over time.ConclusionsThis study shows, for the first time, that supportive cues in local contexts can be the difference in whether a single‐session intervention's effects fade over time or persist and even amplify.
Synthesized 7T MPRAGE From 3T MPRAGE Using Generative Adversarial Network and Validation in Clinical Brain Imaging: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Duan Caohui , Bian Xiangbing , Cheng Kun , Lyu Jinhao , Xiong Yongqin , Xiao Sa , Wang Xueyang , Duan Qi , Li Chenxi , Huang Jiayu , Hu Jianxing , Wang Z. Jane , Zhou Xin , Lou Xin 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundUltra‐high field 7T MRI can provide excellent tissue contrast and anatomical details, but is often cost prohibitive, and is not widely accessible in clinical practice.PurposeTo generate synthetic 7T images from widely acquired 3T images with deep learning and to evaluate the feasibility of this approach for brain imaging.Study TypeProspective.Population33 healthy volunteers and 89 patients with brain diseases, divided into training, and evaluation datasets in the ratio 4:1.Sequence and Field StrengthT1‐weighted nonenhanced or contrast‐enhanced magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient‐echo sequence at both 3T and 7T.AssessmentA generative adversarial network (SynGAN) was developed to produce synthetic 7T images from 3T images as input. SynGAN training and evaluation were performed separately for nonenhanced and contrast‐enhanced paired acquisitions. Qualitative image quality of acquired 3T and 7T images and of synthesized 7T images was evaluated by three radiologists in terms of overall image quality, artifacts, sharpness, contrast, and visualization of vessel using 5‐point Likert scales.Statistical TestsWilcoxon signed rank tests to compare synthetic 7T images with acquired 7T and 3T images and intraclass correlation coefficients to evaluate interobserver variability. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOf the 122 paired 3T and 7T MRI scans, 66 were acquired without contrast agent and 56 with contrast agent. The average time to generate synthetic images was ~11.4 msec per slice (2.95 sec per participant). The synthetic 7T images achieved significantly improved tissue contrast and sharpness in comparison to 3T images in both nonenhanced and contrast‐enhanced subgroups. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between acquired 7T and synthetic 7T images in terms of all the evaluation criteria for both nonenhanced and contrast‐enhanced subgroups (P ≥ 0.180).Data ConclusionThe deep learning model has potential to generate synthetic 7T images with similar image quality to acquired 7T images.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1