bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Talking About Social Inequality: Three Concepts of Difference
Authors: Barlösius Eva 
Published: June 2023

The article analyzes the categories and classifications of social inequality by asking which linguistic possibilities are available for developing concepts of social inequality. The article builds on Koselleck’s three kinds of differentiation: above and below, inner and outer, and earlier and later. It examines how these three kinds are used in the concepts of social inequality and demonstrates processes of shifting from one kind of differentiation to another. In conclusion, I claim that the three kinds of differentiation reach their limits in increasingly heterogeneous societies that expect differences like sexual orientation and ethnicity to be equally valued and recognized.
SIKAP MASYARAKAT DESA PULAU BURUNG KEPADA PENGELOLAAN TAMAN WISATA ALAM
Authors: Sutanti Putri Festu , Peran Setia Budi , Naemah Dina 
Published: June 2023

Pulau Burung Nature Tourism Park which is currently managed is a type of mangrove forest which was previously a Nature Reserve which has changed its function in accordance with the wishes of the Tanah Bumbu Regency government and the village community who live in the area, because this area has economic and natural tourism potential and can be developed for the socio-economic interests of the people in and around it, but how the attitude of the community towards the changing functions and management of this area needs to be studied through this research. The purpose of this study is to study the attitude of the village community who live in the tourist park by changing the function of the Nature Reserve where they live into a nature tourism park, and to assess their attitude towards several factors (things) that have been determined in the management of the relevant natural tourism park. Interviews were conducted using a questionnaire to respondents determined by Simple Random Sampling by taking random samples based on the number of houses in the research village. Samples were taken as many as 30 respondents. Attitude analysis was carried out using the Bakhdal and Sinaga scoring and formula. The results showed that the community had a positive attitude towards changing the function of the Nature Reserve into a natural tourism park and also towards the management of the natural tourism park in Pulau Burung VillageTaman Wisata Alam Pulau Burung yang dikelola saat ini merupakan tipe hutan mangrove yang sebelumnya merupakan Cagar Alam yang berubah fungsinya sesuai dengan keinginan pemerintah Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu dan masyarakat Desa yang bermukim di areal kawasan tersebut, karena wilayah ini memilikki potensi ekonomis dan wisata alam dan dapat dikembangkan bagi kepentingan sosial-ekonomi masyarakat di dalam dan di sekitarnya, namun bagaimana sikap masyarakat terhadap berubahnya fungsi dan pengelolaan kawasan ini perlu dikaji melalui penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji sikap masyarakat desa yang bermukim di dalam taman wisata tersebut dengan berubahnya fungsi Cagar Alam tempat mereka bermukim menjadi taman wisata alam, dan menilai sikap mereka terhadap beberapa faktor (hal) yang telah ditetapkan dalam pengelolaan taman wisata alam yang bersangkutan. Wawancara dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner kepada responden yang ditetapkan secara Simple Random Sampling dengan melakukan pengambilan sampel secara acak berdasarkan nomor rumah di desa penelitian. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 30 responden. Analisis sikap dilakukan menggunakan skoring dan rumus Bakhdal dan Sinaga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat berisikap positif terhadap perubahan fungsi Cagar Alam menjadi taman wisata alam dan juga terhadap pengelolaan taman wisata alam di Desa Pulau Burung tersebut.
Intracerebroventricular delivery of glatiramer acetate: proof-of-concept for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by promoting innate phagocytosis and antagonizing amyloid-β toxicity
Authors: Huang Xin , Chen Feng , Doughty Larissa , Li Qiao-Xin , Ou Wensi , Li Yihan , Drysdale Candace , Alrehaili Arwa , Birchall Ian E. , Wong Joelyn , Park Keunha , Lim Michael , Sun Mujun , Semple Bridgette D. , Shultz Sandy R. , Adlard Paul A. , Parker Michael W. , McKinley Michael , Masters Colin L. , Wiley James S. , Gu Ben J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the brain, leading to neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. Developing therapeutic strategies that enhance Aβ clearance is an active area of research.
Methods: In this study, we investigated glatiramer acetate (GA) that has demonstrated the ability to promote Aβ phagocytosis by mouse microglia. Through a series of experiments, we aimed to understand the underlying mechanisms and their implications for AD pathogenesis. First, the interaction between GA and Aβ was investigated using circular dichroism and microscale thermophoresis. Second, the reduction of Aβ-mediated toxicity and attenuation of neuroinflammation were investigated using MTT assay, membrane fluidity assay and long-term potentiation (LTP). Third, the long-term therapeutic effect was investigated by directly delivering GA into lateral cerebral ventricles of 22-month-old APP/PS1 mice and evaluating with behavioural tests, LTP, ELISA and IHC. Finally, biosafety and pharmacokinetics were investigated in sheep.
Results: Our findings suggest that the binding between GA and Aβ contributes to the reduction of Aβ-mediated toxicity. Additionally, by enhancing Aβ clearance and attenuating microglial activation, GA creates an environment more conducive to synaptic plasticity and the restoration of long-term potentiation (LTP), contributing to the improvement of cognitive function and behavioural deficits observed in mouse model of AD.
Conclusions: Overall, these results highlight the potential of the phagocytosis-promoting drugs to enhance Aβ clearance and its therapeutic implications for AD.
Arctic and red fox population responses to climate and cryosphere changes at the Arctic’s edge
Authors: Verstege Jacqueline S , Johnson-Bice Sean , Roth James 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Responses of one species to climate change may influence population dynamics of others, particularly in the Arctic where food webs are strongly linked. Specifically, changes to the cryosphere may limit prey availability for predators. We examined Arctic (Vulpes lagopus) and red fox (V. vulpes) population dynamics near the southern edge of the Arctic fox distribution using fur harvest records from Churchill, Manitoba, Canada between 1955–2012. Arctic foxes showed a declining population trend over time (inferred from harvest records corrected for trapping effort), whereas the red fox population trend was relatively stable. The positive relationship between annual Arctic and red fox harvests suggested interspecific competition did not promote the Arctic fox decline. To investigate alternative mechanisms, we evaluated the relative influence of sea-ice phenology, snow depth, snow duration, winter thaws, and summer temperature on the harvest dynamics of both species in the most recent 32 years (1980–2012; n = 29) of our data. Arctic fox harvests were negatively related to the length of time Hudson Bay was free of sea ice. Shorter sea ice duration may reduce access to seal carrion as an alternative winter food source when lemming densities decline. Contrary to our prediction, red fox harvest was not related to summer temperature but was positively related to snow depth, suggesting winter prey availability may limit red fox population growth. Predators have an important ecological role, so understanding the influence of changes in the cryosphere on predator-prey interactions may better illuminate the broader influence of climate change on food-web dynamics.
Atmospheric small-scale turbulence from three-dimensional hot-film data
Authors: Freire Livia , Chamecki Marcelo , Patton Edward 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The behavior of small-scale atmospheric turbulence is investigated using the three-dimensional CHATS hot-film data. The analysis relies on an in situ calibration from simultaneous sonic anemometer measurements. The calibration is based on King’s law and geometric relationships between the sensors, and is able to account for the errors associated with sensors’ misalignment and the high turbulence intensity. The details of the calibration are provided, and its performance is validated by comparing results of spectra and structure functions with standard wind-tunnel data and model spectra. A single 3h block of data was selected, containing 33 subblocks of 2 min data without error gaps, whose statistics were averaged to provide smooth results. These data were measured above canopy under stable conditions, and correspond to a Taylor Reynolds number Re λ ≈ 1550. The agreement with wind tunnel results for a similar Reλ and with model predictions provides a validation for the in situ calibration method applied. Furthermore, the results indicate a presence of the bottleneck effect in the lateral and vertical spectra, in addition to a lack of inertial range in the second-order structure function due to the low Reynolds number. An additional analysis of the effect of Reynolds number on the inertial range is provided using atmospheric data from the literature.
Race and Income Inequality: A Case of the U.S.A
Authors: Fawaz Fadi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Racial inequality in the U.S. is typically described in terms of categorical discrimination. We use released data from the U.S. from 1973- 2019 to show income inequality by perceived skin color and racial self-identification and examine which measure better captures racial disparities. We document color and racial hierarchies across the Americas, revealing some unexpected patterns. Whereas blacks at times have higher mean incomes than other racial populations. Results complicate theoretical debates about U.S. racial exceptionalism and methodological debates about how best to measure income. Rather than supporting one measure over another, our analysis underscores race’s multidimensionality.
We employ a fixed effects regression model to uncover structural change in the Kuznets curves for the U.S. aggregate, Black, White, Asian, and Hispanic American segments of the population. Unlike to prior studies, we find that the Kuznets curves does not switch to a U-shape. We found conclusive evidence linking income inequality to race.
JEL Codes: C13, C30, E25, O51
Vitamin D Receptor BsmI and Vitamin D Binding Protein Polymorphisms associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Susceptibility in Cirrhotic HCV Patients
Authors: El-masry Asmaa Samir , Medhat Amina Mohamed , El-Bendary Mahmoud , Mohamed Rania Hassan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: The severity of chronic hepatitis C and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are currently associated with specific genetic variations within vitamin D receptor (VDR). This study aims to assess the association of VDR and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) gene polymorphisms with HCC susceptibility in Egyptian cirrhotic HCV patients.
Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VDR (rs2228570, rs3782905, rs11568820) and DBP rs7041 genes were genotyped using single-stranded polymorphism PCR (SSP-PCR) or restriction fragment length-PCR (RFLP-PCR) techniques. These SNPs genotypes, haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium analyses were examined in 299 Egyptian individuals (100 HCV-cirrhotic patients, 99 HCC- HCV patients, and 100 healthy controls). Logestic regression analysis was also applied to determine association with HCC progression risk.
Result: The VDR rs2228570 CC genotype, VDR rs3782905 GC and CC genotypes, and DBP rs7041 GG genotype are significantly correlated with a higher risk of HCC. It is noteworthy that, VDR rs3782905 CC and DBP rs7041 TG genotypes are more associated with higher risk of HCV induced liver cirrhosis than with HCC progression in HCV infected patients. Furthermore, among patients, the relationship between these SNPs and smoking status, gender, and HCC susceptibility was reported.
Conclusion: Among the four investigated SNPs, there is an association between VDR rs3782905 and DBP rs7041 and the HCC progression in Egyptian patients chronically infected with HCV. The combinations of these SNPs with smoking status and gender are statistically linked to a high risk of HCC. These results suggest that VDR polymorphisms may be potential determinants for HCC susceptibility in Egyptian HCV patients.
Effects of CD44 siRNA on inhibition, survival, and apoptosis of breast cancer cells
Authors: Dehbokri Shaho Ghahremani , Olyaei Saeid Nour , Baghbani Elham , Moghaddamneshat Niloofar , Javaheri Tohid , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Despite the many advances that have been made in the treatment of patients, a large number of patients are still resistant to treatment. CD44 is one of the surface glycoproteins of BC cells that plays an important role in the proliferation of these cells and inhibition of their apoptosis. Therefore, targeting it can be a treatment way for BC patients.
Methods
In this study, the effect of anti-CD44 siRNA on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration rate of MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells was investigated. The techniques used in this study were MTT assay, RT-PCR, Flowcytometry.
Results
The rates of apoptosis and proliferation in CD44 siRNA-treated cells were higher and lower, respectively, compared to untreated cells. Also, cell migration was less in treated cells compared to untreated cells. CD44 siRNA also decreased the expression of CXCR4, c-myc, Vimentin, ROCK, and MMP-9.
Conclusion
Finally, it can be said that CD44 targeting can be a good treatment option to make BC cells more sensitive to apoptosis.
Dynamics of edible oils/water separation using Milkweed floss fiber
Authors: Moghaddam Meghdad Kamali , Moezzi Meysam , Dannandeh Fatemeh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One of the environmental oil pollutants is kitchen sewage, which is made up of a mixture of water and cooking oil, particularly frying oils. By trapping the oil droplets in their fibrous network, the milkweed plant's inherent cellulose fibers may separate the oil from the water. Milkweed packing densities of 0.07, 0.09, and 0.1 g/cm3; the fiber arrangement inside the kit (regular and random); and the liquid flow rates of 0.04 and 0.02 m3/h were tested in order to assess the dynamics of oil/water separation in milkweed filters. The adsorbent kit manufactured from milkweed fruit fibers may adsorb more oil at a low flow rate than at a high flow rate, according to the findings of the oil adsorption capacity tests. The oil absorption capacity of the adsorbent kit is also influenced by the fiber packing density; hence, a high packing density results in a reduction in oil absorption capacity. Contrarily, the positioning of the fibers within the adsorption kit is crucial because regular arrangement of the fibers in the direction of the sewage flow path will increase oil absorption more than tangled and random placement. The milkweed floss fibers were tested for water wettability, and the results showed that they are hydrophobic, with a water contact angle of roughly 140o. Nevertheless, performing the same test in the fiber's channel is virtually impossible. To solve this issue, a novel analytical computation of the oil's contact angle was performed, and the conclusions were supported by in-process microscopic photographs of oil absorption.
A Real-time Control System of Upper-limb Human Musculoskeletal Model with Environmental Integration
Authors: Saputra Azhar Aulia , Matsuda Tadamitsu , Kubota Naoyuki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The intricate dynamics of the human musculoskeletal system require complex mathematical
computations for accurate simulation, posing challenges in estimating muscle activity. Real-time processes
and comprehensive analysis greatly influence the effectiveness of monitoring applications. The objective
of our research was to enhance real-time muscle activity predictions by incorporating environmental data
into human musculoskeletal simulations, focusing on the upper extremity. Our model, developed using
MuJoCo software, consisted of 50 Hill-type muscles and integrated environmental context. Information
on human posture was collected from single RGBD sensors positioned at 32 three-dimensional node
locations. We used inverse kinematics computations to convert this data into joint angle parameters for
our simulation model. The stretch reflex of each muscle was regulated to initiate movement in the target
joints. Desired muscle stretch length was derived from the mechanical interaction between the bone
structure and the muscle-tendon actuator connected to it. Our model also allowed for the application of
artificial force to simulate external load conditions. To validate our model, we performed basic movements
with the upper extremity and measured muscle activity using EMG sensors. Our results confirmed the
model’s ability to accurately predict muscle activation and the force exerted by each muscle. Further
experiments demonstrated its potential for seamless integration with dynamic environmental conditions,
thereby enhancing its utility as a comprehensive human physical monitoring system.
Modelling flood susceptibility zones using hybrid machine learning models of an agricultural dominant landscape of India
Authors: Saini Satish Kumar , Mahato Susanta , Pandey Deep Narayan , Joshi Pawan Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One of the most destructive natural disasters is flood because it destroys a significant amount of property and infrastructure, and often causes death. Due to complexity and ferocity of severe flooding, predicting flood-prone areas is a difficult task. Each year, flooding results in destruction of agriculture, damage to resources, and fatalities in the Asia and the Pacific. Thus, creating flood susceptibility maps at local level is though challenging but inevitable task. In order to implement a flood management plan for the Balrampur district, an agricultural dominant landscape of India, and strengthen its resilience flood susceptibility modeling and mapping is carried out. In the present study, three hybrid machine learning models namely Fuzzy-ANN (Artificial Neural Network), Fuzzy-RBF (Radial Basis Function) and Fuzzy-SVM (Support Vector Machine) with 12 topographic, hydrological and other flood influencing factors were used to determine flood susceptible zones. To ascertain the relationship between the occurrences and flood influencing factors, Correlation Attributes Evaluation (CAE) and multicollinearity diagnostics tests were used. The predictive power of these models was validated and compared using a variety of statistical techniques, including Wilcoxon signed-rank, t-paired tests, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Result shows the Fuzzy-RBF model out performed other hybrid machine learning models for modelling flood susceptibility, followed by Fuzzy-ANN and Fuzzy-SVM. Overall, these models have shown promise in identifying flood-prone areas in the basin and other basins around the world. The outcomes of the work would benefit policymakers and government bodies to capture the flood-affected areas for necessary planning, action and implementation.
Softening of a flat phonon mode in the kagome ScV6Sn6
Authors: Blanco-Canosa Santiago , Korshunov Artem , Hu Haoyu , Subires David , Jiang Yi , Calugaru Dumitru , Feng Xiaolong , Rajapitamahuni Anil , Yi Changjiang , Roychowdhury Subhajit , Vergniory Maia , Strempfer Joerg , Shekhar Chandra , Vescovo Elio , Chernyshov Dmitry , Said Ayman , Bosak Alexey , Felser Claudia , Bernevig Bogdan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The long-range electronic modulations recently discovered in the geometrically frustrated kagome lattice have opened new avenues to explore the effect of correlations in materials with topological electron flat bands. Charge density waves (CDW), magnetism and superconducting phases are thought to be - depending on the electron number - the result of either the flat bands, the multiple Dirac crossings or the van Hove singularities close to the Fermi level. Nevertheless, the observation of the lattice response to the emergent new phases of matter, a soft phonon mode, has remained elusive and the microscopic origin of CDWs is still unknown. Here, we show, for the first time, a complete melting of the ScV$_6$Sn$_6$ (166) kagome lattice.
The low energy longitudinal phonon with propagation vector $\frac{1}{3} \frac{1}{3} \frac{1}{2}$ collapses at 98 K, without the emergence of long-range charge order, which, remarkably, sets in with a propagation vector $\frac{1}{3} \frac{1}{3} \frac{1}{3}$. The CDW is driven (but locks at a different vector) by the softening of an overdamped phonon flat plane at k$_z$=$\pi$, characterized by an out-of-plane vibration of the trigonal Sn atoms. We observe broad phonon anomalies in momentum space, pointing to \hhy{(1)} the existence of approximately flat phonon bands which gain some dispersion due to electron renormalization, and \hhy{(2)} the effects of the momentum-dependent electron-phonon interaction in the CDW formation.
\textit{Ab initio} and analytical calculations corroborate the experimental finding to indicate that the weak leading order phonon instability is located at the wave vector $\frac{1}{3} \frac{1}{3} \frac{1}{2}$ of a rather flat collapsed mode. In particular, we analytically calculate the phonon frequency renormalization from high temperatures to the soft mode, and relate it to a peak in the orbital-resolved susceptibility of the trigonal Sn atoms, obtaining excellent match with both ab initio and experimental results, and explaining the origin of the approximately flat phonon dispersion. Our data report the first example of the collapse of a kagome bosonic mode (softening of a flat phonon plane)
and promote the 166 compounds of the kagome family as primary candidates to explore correlated flat phonon-topological flat electron physics.
Competing charge-density wave instabilities in the kagome metal ScV6Sn6
Authors: Song Yu , Cao Saizheng , Xu Chenchao , Fukui Hiroshi , Manjo Taishun , Shi Ming , Liu Yang , Cao Chao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Owing to its unique geometry, the kagome lattice hosts various many-body quantum states including frustrated magnetism, superconductivity, charge-density waves (CDWs), and topologically nontrivial phases of matter. Kagome metals with 2×2 CDWs, corresponding to the nesting of van Hove saddle points, are found to exhibit a number of exotic electronic phases, and have been the focus of much recent research. More recently, a √3×√3 CDW was discovered in the kagome metal ScV6Sn6 below TCDW≈91 K, whose underlying mechanism and formation process remain unclear, particularly in comparison with the 2×2 kagome CDWs. Using inelastic X-ray scattering, we discover a short-range √3×√3×2 CDW that is dominant in ScV6Sn6 well above TCDW, distinct from the √3×√3×3 CDW below TCDW. The short-range CDW grows upon cooling, and is accompanied by the softening of phonons, indicative of its dynamic nature. As the √3×√3×3 CDW appears, the short-range CDW becomes suppressed, revealing a competition between these CDW instabilities. The competing CDW instabilities in ScV6Sn6 lead to an unusual CDW formation process, with the most pronounced phonon softening and the static CDW occurring at different wavevectors. Our first-principles calculations indicate that the √3×√3×2 CDW is energetically favored, consistent with experimental observations at high temperatures. However, the √3×√3×3 CDW is selected as the ground state due to a large wavevector-dependent electron-phonon coupling (EPC), which also accounts for the enhanced electron scattering above TCDW. Our findings reveal the dominance of EPC-driven correlated many-body physics in ScV6Sn6, making it an ideal system to study emergent quantum matter in the strong EPC regime.