bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peptides from the Site of Rabbit Antibody: Anti-3-Azopyridine Antibody
Authors: Friedenson Bernard , Takeda Yasushi , Roholt Oliver A. , Pressman David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The amino acid sequences of two peptides containing tyrosine that appears to be derived from the combining site of an anti-3-azopyridine antibody were determined. Binding studies showed that the antibody was inactivated by iodination and that the attack was in the site, since the presence of the hapten, pyridine, during iodination prevented the loss of sites. Peptides from the site were isolated after a paired labeling procedure as follows. One portion of the antibody was iodinated with 125I-labeled hypoiodite. A second portion was iodinated with 131I-labeled hypoiodite in the presence of hapten to protect the site from iodination. The protected and unprotected preparations were mixed, digested with pepsin and the iodinated peptides separated. The ratio of 125I/131I relative to that of the unfractionated digest was determined for the peptides; a high ratio was taken to indicate that the peptide was derived from the antibody site. Two high-ratio peptides, each in a yield of about 30% of the total antibody site initially present and probably from different populations of the anti-3P antibody, had the sequences Val-Ser-MIT (monoiodotyrosine) and MIT-Ser-Leu. The two peptides were shown to be derived from the heavy chain of the antibody and probably from the variable portion. A third high-ratio peptide, present in a much smaller amount (5% yield), was from the light chain fraction.
Antibody Response in Genetically Thymus-Less Nude Mice Injected with Normal Thymus Cells
Authors: Kindred Berenice 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nude (nu/nu) mice, which lack the thymus, failed to produce an immune response to various antigens. When such animals were injected intravenously with normal thymus cells, lasting immune responsiveness was restored only if the cells came from animals “related” to the nude recipients. The required relationship was probably H-2 compatibility. An allotype marker was used to determine the specificity of the antibody-producing cells. Even after a period of 12 weeks the antibody produced was entirely of host cell type. No evidence that thymus cells may develop into antibody-producing cells was found.
Effect of Antigen Variation on Production of Antibody in Canine Tracheal Secretions
Authors: Lieberman Phillip , Patterson Roy , Petersen Verlyn , Chakrin Lawrence W. , Wardell Joe R. , Ricks John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mongrel dogs with tracheal pouches were immunized by pouch injection with bovine serum albumin (BSA), keyhole limpit hemocyamin (KLH) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Antibody responses were assayed in tracheal secretions and in serum. Antibody apparently gained access to tracheal secretions by two means. Antibodies to KLH and BSA in tracheal secretions appeared to have been produced systemically and transported to the pouch and into the secretions. In contrast, antibodies to SRBC were apparently manufactured locally as well as systemically, as shown by the presence of an IgA anti-SRBC that was detected in tracheal secretions but not in sera.
Immune Fever in the Rabbit: Responses of the Hematologic and Complement Systems
Authors: Mickenberg Ira D. , Snyderman Ralph , Root Richard K. , Mergenhagen Stephen E. , Wolff Sheldon M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Non-pyrogenic human serum albumin (HSA) administered to specifically immunized rabbits or given as HSA-anti HSA complexes to normal recipients induced fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and consumption of complement. The pattern of these responses was distinctive from those induced by endotoxin of comparable pyrogenicity. Whereas the degree of in vitro complement consumption related directly to the antigen-antibody ratio, that observed in vivo after complex administration was more dependent upon the quantity of complexes given and their duration in the circulation. The rate of clearance of complexes from the circulation was independent of the degree of complement consumption but dependent upon the antigen-antibody ratio of the complexes. In general, no correlation was found between the extent of in vivo complement consumption and the degree or duration of fever, leukopenia or thrombocytopenia, although at low dosages the degree of complement consumption paralleled febrile responses.
Schistosomal Egg Antigen-Induced Lymphocyte Blastogenesis in Experimental Murine Schistosoma mansoni Infection
Authors: Colley Daniel G. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Cultures of lymph node cells from mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni underwent a vigorous blastogenic reaction in response to a soluble antigen preparation derived from schistosomal eggs. Lymph node cell cultures from normal mice failed to respond to this antigen. Dose response studies demonstrated that as little as 1 µg protein of the antigen preparation would induce marked specific tritiated thymidine incorporation in cultures of infected mouse lymphocytes. The kinetics of this response are comparable to those seen in other instances of antigen-induced blastogenesis. Neither the response to phytohemagglutinin nor that to pokeweed mitogen was altered by schistosomal infection.
Enhancement of Hemolytic Complement Activity by Treatment of Human Serum with Iodine
Authors: Polley Margaret J. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A method has been described for enhancing the biologic activity of human complement by treatment of whole human serum with a critical concentration of iodine. The effect was due to oxidation of the second component of the complement system (C2) contained in the serum. This chemical modification increased the activity of this component to the point at which it no longer limited the complement reaction sequence.
Relation of the Human Antibody Response to Flagellin to Gm Genotype
Authors: Wells J. Vivian , Fudenberg H. Hugh , MacKay Ian R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The incidence and distribution of the Gm allotypic markers Gm (a), (x), (g), (b) and (f) were studied in 113 Caucasian subjects who were classified on the basis of the serum titer of “natural” anti-flagellin antibodies and their response to injection with 5µg flagellin from Salmonella adelaide. There were 59 subjects with a low titer (&lt; 100) of “natural” anti-flagellin antibodies (LNA) and of these, 43 had a low primary response (LPR, peak titer &lt; 100) to injected flagellin; these 59 subjects were classified as “low responders.” There were 18 subjects with a high titer of “natural” antibodies (HNA, titer τ; 600) and a separate group of 36 with a high primary response (HPR, titer τ; 10,000); these 54 subjects were classified as “high responders.”.
As expected in Caucasians, all subjects positive for Gm (a) were also positive for Gm (g) (64.6%) and all subjects positive for Gm (b) were also positive for Gm (f) (89.4%). The number of Gm (a,g) subjects was significantly higher in group HNA than in group LNA (P &lt; 0.05) and significantly higher in “high responders” than in “low responders” (P &lt; 0.05). Otherwise stated, the absence of the Gma,g gene group was associated with a lower response to flagellin. The results indicate a significant association in these subjects between the magnitude of the immune response to flagellin (indicated by antibody titers) and the Gm genotype.
The Importance of θ and Ig Bearing Cells in the Immune Response to Various Antigens
Authors: Takahashi T. , Mond J. J. , Carswell E. A. , Thorbecke G. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Transfers of normal and/or immune BALB/c spleen cells into x-irradiated syngeneic recipients were performed in order to characterize further the nature of memory cells. Incubation of the cells with antisera to either the θ-antigen or to mouse immunoglobulin in the presence of C was used to remove selectively T-cells (θ-bearing) or B-cells (Ig-bearing).
Primary and secondary responses to Brucella abortus (BA) were reduced by incubation with anti-Ig but were unaffected by removal of T-cells, suggesting the thymus-independence of this response. Responses to sheep erythrocytes (SE) were always greatly inhibited after incubation of the cells with anti-θ, while being reduced to a variable extent by anti-Ig. With DNP-hemocyanin as the antigen, primary and early memory responses were unaffected by anti-θ, whereas the late memory response to this antigen was greatly reduced by such treatment.
Addition of equal numbers of untreated normal spleen cells to antisera treated immune spleen cells resulted in minimal reconstitution of the memory responses. Such reconstitution was only obtained by recombination of anti-θ and anti-Ig treated immune spleen cells. It is concluded that immunologic memory can be expressed by both the B- and the T-lymphoid cell lines in the mouse.
Regulation of Antibody Response in Vitro
Authors: Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Effect of anti-γ chain and anti-µ chain on secondary antibody response of rabbit spleen cells was studied in vitro. Spleen cells from rabbits primed with dinitrophenylbovine γ globulin (DNP-BGG) were stimulated in vitro with the antigen either in the presence or absence of anti-heavy chain antibody. After 24 hr of incubation, the cells were washed and cultured in the absence of the antigen. Antibody response was evaluated by enumerating IgG and IgM antibody producing cells and by measuring anti-DNP antibodies in culture media. It was found that anti-γ chain suppressed both IgG and IgM antibody response, while anti-µ chain suppressed only IgM antibody response. When the primed cells were cultured without antigen stimulation, IgM antibody producing cells increased after 3 days' culture. The response was also suppressed by treatment of the cells by either anti-γ or anti-µ chain. The treatment with anti-heavy chains did not inhibit secretion of antibodies from antibody producing cells. It appears that anti-heavy chain suppressed differentiation of precursor cells to antibody-producing cells.
Cell Surface Associated Gamma Globulins in Lymphocytes
Authors: Lee S.-T. , Paraskevas F. , Israels L. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The reverse immune cytoadherence test (RICA) was modified to enable the detection of two different classes of surface associated γ globulins on mouse spleen lymphocytes (mixed RICA). This was achieved by the use of two 5S hybrid antibodies each carrying one anti-γ globulin site highly specific for one class of γ globulin. Two different indicator cells were used to demonstrate the binding of both hybrid antibodies on the same lymphocyte, thus forming a mixed rosette. With the mixed RICA we were able to determine that per 1000 spleen cells approximately 200 lymphocytes carry both major mouse γ globulin classes, γG (7Sγ2a) and γF (7Sγ1) on their surface and 100 lymphocytes carry only γF globulin. Few cells were detected carrying only γG globulin. If the surface γ globulins indicate the potential of the cell to synthesize that γ globulin our results indicate that the majority of mouse spleen “resting” lymphocytes are pluripotential. The co-existence of unipotential cells (carrying only γF globulin) may result from previous antigenic stimulation.
Latent Measles Virus Infection of the Hamster Central Nervous System
Authors: Wear Douglas J. , Rapp Fred 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human measles virus adapted to the hamster brain replicated to high titers and initiated neural signs of encephalitis when incoulated intracerebrally into unprotected newborn hamsters. However, the presence of high levels of maternally acquired measles neutralizing antibody blocked the onset of acute encephalitis without interrupting intracellular virus replication. the measles infection remained latent until cyclophosphamide was introduced. A large percentage of the immunosuppressed hamsters developed chronic persistent myoclonic tremors of various muscular areas. Virus was isolated from these animals as long as 90 days post-infection. Thus, the newborn hamster is a useful model for the study of latent central nervous system infection by measles virus.
The Specificity and Cross-Reactivity of Antimyelin Antibodies as Determined by Sequential Adsorption Analysis
Authors: McMillan Paul N. , Mickey Don D. , Kaufman Bernard , Day Eugene D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Through the process of sequential adsorption analysis of antimyelin I antibodies, raised in rabbits, rat myelin I was shown to possess a class of determinants distinct from synaptosomes and brain mitochondria, a class shared with synaptosomes but not brain mitochondria, and a class shared with synaptosomes and brain mitochondria as well as with liver mitochondria. Myelin and synaptosomes were thus distinguished immunologically from mitochondria and from each other. Although most of the antimyelin I antibodies also cross-reacted with myelin II some remained distinctive for myelin I, thus revealing a class of determinants in I not prominent in II. Crossreactions of the rabbit antirat-myelin antibodies with myelin I from different species in increasing order were bullfrog, 23%; chicken, 37%; rabbit, 50%; guinea pig, 50%; dog, 53%; human, 59%; neonatal rat, 61%; mouse, 72%; and hamster, 73%. The last three values were felt to be underestimated.
The Effect of Excision of the Site of Application on the Induction of Delayed Contact Sensitivity
Authors: Godfrey H. P. , Baer Harold 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of excision of the site of topical application of 3 µmols of PDC on the development of contact sensitivity in guinea pigs has been studied. The mean sensitivity induced was decreased by excision within the first 24 hr but more than half of the animals developed some degree of sensitivity even when excision took place at 1 hr. Animals with reduced geometric mean sensitivity were similar to control guinea pigs sensitized with 1 µmol of PDC; they were not tolerant to PDC when resensitized with 3 µmols. If two processes are associated with contact sensitization—1) passive drainage of sensitizer into the regional lymph node, and 2) assisted drainage into the node in association with lymphocytes (“peripheral sensitization”), then sensitization to the substituted dinitrobenzenes may be associated to a greater degree with assisted drainage of sensitzer into the regional node than is sensitization to PDC.
Antigen Binding Cells
Authors: Unanue E. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bone marrow cells of non-immune mice are rendered immunologically incompetent by incubation with highly radioactive hemocyanin. Lethally irradiated mice that are reconstituted with such bone marrow cells respond poorly to KLH but well to sheep erythrocytes and exhibit a lower number of lymphocytes binding KLH in spleen. These results suggest that some bone marrow cells are already differentiated to respond immunologically to a given antigen.
Murine Amyloidosis: Immunologic Characterization of Amyloid Fibril Protein
Authors: Isersky Chaviva , Page David L. , Cuatrecasas Pedro , DeLellis Ronald A. , Glenner George G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunization of rabbits with amyloid-laden murine tissue denatured with 6 M guanidine-HC1 produced antibodies to denatured purified murine amyloid fibril protein. Attempted immunization with native amyloid-laden murine tissues, however, failed to produce antibodies to any component unique to amyloid tissues, indicating that native murine amyloid was not immunogenic. Radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescence studies, nonetheless, demonstrated that native amyloid possessed antigenic determinants in common with denatured amyloid. A high degree of immunologic cross-reactivity was detected between extracts of amyloidotic tissues from different strains of mice regardless of the method of amyloid induction. Sera from amyloidotic mice were shown to contain a component capable of inhibiting the reaction between specific antibodies and purified amyloid protein.
Bence Jones Proteins and Light Chains of Immunoglobulins
Authors: McLaughlin Carla L. , Solomon Alan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Extensive immunochemical comparisons among κI, κII and κIII Bence Jones proteins belonging to different κ-chain groups can have identical antigenic sites in the amino terminal (variant) half of the light polypeptide chain. Certain antisera prepared against κ-chains belonging to one group have the capacity to detect antigenic differences among proteins of another group, i.e., an anti-κI antiserum can differentiate among κIII proteins. Immunochemical studies on Bence Jones proteins and light chains of known sequence and the subsequent integration of immunochemical and sequence data have permitted the localization of certain regions in the light polypeptide chain for which our antisera have specificity and which are responsible for the intragroup differences and intergroup similarities among κ-chains.
Lymphoproliferative Cycles in the Thymus Cortex
Authors: Bryant B. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The belief held for many years that small lymphocytes are terminal cells of lymphocytopoietic differentiation has recently been challenged by observations that antigens and nonspecific lymphomitogens can stimulate peripheral small lymphocytes to enlarge and proliferate. The resulting blastoid cells may form descendant clones of antibody-forming cells or small lymphocytes (1). These complex, perhaps cyclical, differentiative actions of small lymphocytes outside the thymus prompted efforts to reexamine lymphocyte differentiation within the thymus.
Animals used in this study comprised 6-week-old male mice of Swiss-Webster (SW) and C3H strains and 1-month-old guinea pigs of the Hartley strain. Animals of adolescent age were used because a steadier state of thymocytokinetics obtains during this period of interphase between organ growth and involution than at other ages (2).
Counts of lymphocyte mitoses in thymus sections of SW mice killed at 2-hr intervals during a 24-hr period were used to estimate mean mitotic indices of 1.88 ± 0.30% in cortex and 0.38 ± 0.08% in medulla.
Hepatitis-Associated Antigen: Detection by Antibody-Sensitized Latex Particles
Authors: Fritz Robert B. , Rivers Shirley L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Latex particles sensitized with anti-hepatitis-associated antigen were found to agglutinate specifically when mixed with hepatitis-associated antigen-containing human serum. An assay for the agent based on this reaction was found to be slightly more sensitive than complement fixation. Comparison of this method with other assays done independently in different laboratories on the same coded samples showed excellent correlation. Results obtained by testing 4255 normal random blood donors by latex particle agglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis are included. The rapidity and simplicity of the latex particle agglutination assay suggest that it may be adaptable to large scale blood donor screening.
Carboxy-Terminal Amino Acid Sequences of Canine Immunoglobulin G Subclasses
Authors: Grant J. Andrew , Harrington John T. , Johnson John S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The carboxy-terminal octadecapeptides from canine heavy chains of 1) IgGa, b (from normal serum) and 2) IgGd (from a paraprotein) were isolated. The amino acid sequences of both octadecapeptides were determined. Both peptides are clearly homologous to the same heavy chain region of IgG's from other mammals. Previously it has been shown that canine IgGd and equine IgG (T) share certain biologic properties; however, comparison of the sequences of their C-terminal octadecapeptides reveals no uniquely shared residues which would support a close phylogenetic relationship.
In Vitro Immunity to TNP and Penicillin: Specific Inhibition with Hapten-Conjugated Isologous Red Cells
Authors: Naor David , Mishell Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Syngeneic mouse red cells conjugated with trinitrophenyl (TNP) or penicillin inhibit immune responses to these haptens in vitro, The inhibition is specific and requires a significant excess of inhibiting red cells over immunogenic red cells. Inhibition is probably due to competition for specific binding sites during the initiation of the response, since the inhibitor must be present at the time of immunization. Specific inhibition with free haptens was not observed.
Electrokinetic Behavior of Intermediate Cells in Immune Hemolysis
Authors: Okada H. , Kojima K. , Yoshida T. O. , Nishioka K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Electrophoretic mobility of intermediate cells was increased with the reaction of C2 and further increased with the addition of C3. Less than 18 molecules of C2 per cell produced detectable change in electrophoretic mobility. The increase in mobility by the formation of C2 sites diminished with the decay of C2 sites. C1 is required to maintain the high mobility of EAC142, EAC1423 or EAC143. No change in the mobility of intermediate cells was observed by the reaction of C5, C6, C7 or C8. After the reaction of C9, the electrophoretic mobility of E* decreased significantly before rupture of the cell.
In Vitro Cooperation of Cells of Bone Marrow and Thymus Origins in the Generation of Antibody-Forming Cells
Authors: Vann Douglas C. , Kettman John R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
B cells and T cells cooperate in the in vitro generation of hemolytic plaque-forming cells to sheep, horse and burro erythrocytes. The B cells are obtained from the spleens of lethally irradiated mice injected with bone marrow cells. The T cells are obtained from the spleens of lethally irradiated mice injected with thymus cells and heterologous erythrocytes. Both cell populations are obtained after 7 days residence in the irradiated hosts. Neither cell population can respond when cultured alone. The in vitro function of B cells, but not T cells, is inactivated by exposure to 2000 R γ irradiation. The T cells function best in in vitro response to the erythrocyte antigens with which they were injected into the irradiated hosts. Responses were also generated to other foreign erythrocytes and to the trinitrophenyl hapten coupled to erythrocyte carriers.
Precipitin Reactions between Polyribonucleotides and Heat Labile Serum Factors
Authors: Natali Pier Giorgio , Tan Eng M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunodiffusion in agarose was used to study precipitin reactions between synthetic polyribonucleotides and human sera. A high incidence of precipitin lines was observed between certain polyribonucleotides and normal human sera. These were due to heat labile serum factors, one of which was related to C1q component of complement. In addition, heat stable serum factors were present in a few systemic lupus erythematosus sera which precipitated with polyribonucleotides. The latter precipitin reactions could be abolished by absorption of sera with heat-denatured single-stranded DNA.
Immunologic Deficiencies in Senescence
Authors: Price G. B. , Makinodan T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to characterize immunologic deficiencies which occur in senescent mice. Extrinsic deficiencies, i.e., environmental deficiencies, were studied by transfer of immunocompetent cells into either young or old mice and assessment of the capacity of the cells to generate IgM antibody-forming cells. Non-cellular (environmental) factor(s) in the old mice were observed to be detrimental to the rate of growth of the antibody-forming cell population and to the full expression of the immune potential of normal young immunocompetent cells.