bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential cardiovascular impacts of sodium salts: unveiling the distinct roles of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate—consequences for heart failure patients
Authors: Sadki Dalil , Fawaz Sami , Liegey Jean-Sebastien , Pucheu Yann , Boulestreau Romain , Beuque Gauthier , Foucher Jeanne , Hein Louise , Couffinhal Thierry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Misconceptions surrounding sodium compounds, particularly the interchangeable use of sodium and sodium chloride (table salt), persist within the medical community, influencing dietary recommendations and patient management especially in heart failure (HF) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This narrative review aims to dissect these misconceptions and discusses the physiological impacts of sodium, chloride, and sodium bicarbonate on cardiovascular (CV) physiology. The conflation of sodium and sodium chloride in dietary recommendations has obscured critical differences in their physiological effects. While sodium chloride is traditionally linked to hypertension, emerging evidence suggests that chloride, rather than sodium, may be the primary driver of hypertension and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In contrast, sodium bicarbonate, when administered orally, seems to exert minimal effects on blood pressure and plasma volume, offering a promising and safe way for managing HF patients with renal insufficiency. Indeed, the therapeutic benefits of sodium bicarbonate in CKD patients, including preservation of muscle mass, slowing of renal function decline, lowering of all-cause mortality, and improved nutritional status, are quite proven; this underscores its potential utility in patients suffering from both HF and renal insufficiency. Despite concerns about metabolic alkalosis, recent studies suggest that judicious sodium bicarbonate therapy may mitigate major adverse cardiac events without exacerbating HF. This review advocates for a paradigm shift in CV medicine, urging clinicians to discern between sodium chloride and other sodium salts, particularly sodium bicarbonate, in patient care. By elucidating these distinctions, clinicians can tailor dietary recommendations and therapeutic interventions to optimize outcomes for HF patients with CKD and address the multi-faceted complexities of atherosclerotic disease.
Habitat management and restoration as missing pieces in flats ecosystems conservation and the fishes and fisheries that they support
Authors: Griffin Lucas P , Danylchuk Andy J , Casselberry Grace A , Brownscombe Jacob W , Robichaud Jessica A , Piczak Morgan L , Haley Anne L , Morely Danielle , Cooke Steven J 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Flats ecosystems are dynamic, shallow, nearshore marine environments that are interconnected and provide immense ecological and socio-economic benefits. These habitats support a diversity of fish populations and various fisheries, yet they are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic stressors, including overfishing, habitat degradation, coastal development, and the cascading effects of climate change. Effective habitat management and restoration are essential but are often missing for flats ecosystems. Despite navigating a landscape of imperfect knowledge for these systems, decisive action and implementation of habitat protection and restoration is currently needed through policy and practice. We present a comprehensive set of 10 strategic guiding principles necessary for integrating habitat management and restoration for the conservation of interconnected flat ecosystems. These principles include calls for comprehensive ecosystem-based ­management, integrating adaptive strategies that leverage diverse partnerships, scientific research, legislative initiatives, and local and traditional ecological knowledge. Drawing on successes in other environmental management realms, we emphasize the importance of evidence-informed approaches to address the complexities and uncertainties of flats ecosystems. These guiding principles aim to advance flats habitat management and restoration, promoting ecological integrity and strengthening the socio-economic resilience of these important marine environments.
Epistasis and cryptic QTL identified using modified bulk segregant analysis of copper resistance in budding yeast
Authors: Buzby Cassandra , Plavskin Yevgeniy , Sartori Federica M O , Tong Qiange , Vail Janessa K , Siegal Mark L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The contributions of genetic interactions to natural trait variation are challenging to estimate experimentally, as current approaches for detecting epistasis are often underpowered. Powerful mapping approaches such as bulk segregant analysis, wherein individuals with extreme phenotypes are pooled for genotyping, obscure epistasis by averaging over genotype combinations. To accurately characterize and quantify epistasis underlying natural trait variation, we have engineered strains of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to enable crosses where one parent’s chromosome is fixed while the rest of the chromosomes segregate. These crosses allow us to use bulk segregant analysis to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) whose effects depend on alleles on the fixed parental chromosome, indicating a genetic interaction with that chromosome. Our method, which we term epic-QTL (for epistatic-with-chromosome QTL) analysis, can thus identify interaction loci with high statistical power. Here we perform epic-QTL analysis of copper resistance with chromosome I or VIII fixed in a cross between divergent naturally derived strains. We find seven loci that interact significantly with chromosome VIII and none that interact with chromosome I, the smallest of the 16 budding yeast chromosomes. Each of the seven interactions alters the magnitude, rather than the direction, of an additive QTL effect. We also show that fixation of one source of variation—in this case chromosome VIII, which contains the large-effect QTL mapping to CUP1—increases power to detect the contributions of other loci to trait differences.
Impact of non-significant right coronary ostial involvement on coronary events in type A aortic dissection surgery
Authors: Huang Ling-Chen , Hu Xiang-Min , Zhang Ai-Kai , Shao Ze-Hua , Sun Yang-Xue , Zhao Dong , Chang Yi , Qian Xiang-Yang , Guo Hong-Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Coronary-related technical complications constantly occur during type A aortic dissection surgical repair and are potentially fatal, yet their risk factors require further investigation. The intricate morphology of coronary ostial involvement may have a substantial impact.

METHODS
From June 2019 to January 2024, consecutive type A aortic dissection patients who underwent open surgery were included. Patients were divided into the coronary involvement group (non-significant involvement: Neri A-dissected intima involving the margin of the coronary ostium; significant involvement: Neri B and Neri C) and the non-involvement group. Coronary events were defined as coronary-related technical complications necessitating bailout coronary revascularization or coronary ostial repair. Logistic regression analysis identified risk factors associated with coronary events. Overall survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis.

RESULTS
Of 1,168 patients, 660 patients had coronary involvement, while 508 did not. Coronary events occurred in 58 patients (4.97%), including 53(4.54%) who required bailout coronary revascularization. Patients with coronary involvement had a higher incidence of coronary events (8.18% vs 0.79%, p &lt; 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that significant right coronary involvement was associated with coronary events (odds ratio : 20.58, 95%confidence interval : 7.37–57.50, p &lt; 0.001). Notably, non-significant right coronary involvement, accounting for 44.61% of patients, was also associated with coronary events compared to those without involvement (odds ratio : 7.05, 95%confidence interval : 2.69–18.50, p &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Coronary events occurred in 4.97% patients. Significant right coronary involvement is strongly associated with coronary events; non-significant right coronary involvement, which is relatively common in surgical patients, also poses a substantial risk for coronary events and warrants attention.
Interesting properties of Opuntia’s cladodes: an updated review
Authors: Arias Gorman Adriana M , Monzon Celina M , La Cava Enzo L , Sgroppo Sonia C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Opuntia, cactus plants native to Mexico, have adapted to arid and semiarid environments through Crassulacean Acid Metabolism. With over 150 species, they’re found across the Americas, Africa, Australia, India, and the Mediterranean, prized for water storage and ecological implications. Rich in bioactive compounds, Opuntia are gaining attention in nutrition, phytochemistry and technological uses. This review updates knowledge on Opuntia cladodes, explores novel uses like vegetable coatings, evaluates how preservation and cooking impact nutrition, and delves into consumer preferences. Opuntia is common in Mexican and global cuisine, with potential as edible coatings. Opuntia-derived biopolymer films reduce plastic dependency, are eco-friendly, and have varied applications. Research on mucilage’s antimicrobial properties and alternative uses is ongoing. Opuntia’s underutilized status presents numerous opportunities for innovation across food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and material science sectors, with potential benefits including climate resilience and economic empowerment of communities. Continuous research aims to fully exploit their potential for societal and environmental benefit.
Halophilic archaea produce wax esters and use an alternative fatty acyl-CoA reductase for precursor synthesis
Authors: Grossi Vincent , Cuny Philippe , Militon Cécile , Witwinowski Jerzy , Eddhif Balkis , Sylvi Léa , Nowakowski Mireille , Kosta Artemis , Antheaume Ingrid , Cornil Johan , Dubrac Sarah , Kende Julia , Gribaldo Simonetta , Borrel Guillaume 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wax esters are fatty acid-based neutral lipids thought to be restricted to bacteria and eukaryotes that play a key role in the functioning and maintenance of cells, especially under adverse conditions. Here we show that several halophilic archaea (Halobacteriales) carry a homologue of the bacterial wax synthase gene. Wax ester synthesis and accumulation is demonstrated in one of these (poly)extremophilic archaea, Natronomonas pharaonis, during growth on long-chain fatty acids. Our bioinformatic analysis also shows that the synthesis of fatty alcohols required for wax ester synthesis could be performed by an enzyme evolutionarily related to class I 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR, classically involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis). Using heterologous expression and enzymatic assays, we show that this HMGR homolog, which we named FcrA (for fatty acyl-CoA reductase), reduces fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohol, but cannot reduce 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to mevalonate. The conservation of HMGR catalytic residues in FcrA suggests that the two enzymes have a similar catalytic mechanism, whereas an elongated substrate-binding pocket and distinct residues may explain FcrA’s selectivity for long chain fatty acyl-CoA. In addition to archaea, FcrA is present in a wide range of bacteria, including ~25% of those predicted to produce wax esters, and accounts for a large proportion of the fatty acyl-CoA reductases found in various environments. Challenging the long-held paradigm that archaea cannot biosynthesize fatty acid-based neutral lipids de novo, this study lays the foundations for further physiological, ecological, and biotechnological investigation of neutral lipid production by systems markedly different from those of eukaryotes and bacteria.
Global perspectives on patient-centered outcomes: advancing patient-centered cancer clinical trials globally
Authors: Monge Cecilia , Eldridge Linsey , Pearlman Paul C , Venkatesh Viji , Tregear Michelle , Loehrer Patrick J , Galassi Annette , Gopal Satish , Ginsburg Ophira 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Patient-centered clinical trials prioritize the patient experience and outcomes that matter most to those affected by cancer. By centering on patient values and experiences, patient-centered outcomes research generates evidence to inform policies and practices, facilitating more personalized and effective cancer care. This manuscript explores the importance of patient-centered approaches in the global context, emphasizing challenges and opportunities for substantive patient engagement and the integration of patient-reported measures in clinical therapeutic trials in low- and middle-income countries. Despite important barriers such as limited infrastructure and funding constraints, leveraging innovative strategies and investing in research infrastructure and regulatory harmonization initiatives can enhance the capacity of low- and middle-income countries to conduct high-quality research and address the global burden of cancer more effectively. Through these efforts, patient-centered care and research can be extended to underserved populations, ensuring equitable access to cancer care worldwide.
The fundamentals of multiplicity adjustment in biostatistics
Authors: Izmirlian Grant , Sirota Lev A , Berger Vance W , Kipnis Victor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The statistical problem of multiplicity is concerned with making protected multiple inferences and their valid interpretation in a particular study. Most discussions of multiplicity focus on the increase of type I error rate if testing is done without any adjustment, with only a few papers discussing its ramifications for type II errors/power. We provide a survey of main approaches to protected inference in biomedical studies, touching on procedures to control the family-wise error rate, false discovery rate, as well as false discovery exceedance probability. We discuss several notions of power including total power, average power, and power defined as exceedance probability for the true positive proportion. We provide commentary on best practices for adjusting for multiplicity in both type I and type II errors within families defined by primary, secondary, and exploratory endpoints in clinical trials and in experimental studies.
Resisting dehumanisation – Exploring nonideal human rights education
Authors: Kasa Tuija , Leiviskä Anniina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human rights and human rights education (HRE) have been criticized for being too ideal and decontextualized. Current critical HRE discussion emphasizes the political contestation of rights, and is suspicious of universals. Many such criticisms provide important insights for revising HRE. However, in this article, we argue that the denial of universality and normativity regarding the philosophical grounding of HRE is somewhat unjustified, and leads to moral and philosophical problems. Therefore, we seek to renew the theoretical foundations of HRE through the approach of nonideal theorizing. Drawing on the works of the previously neglected Judith Shklar and other nonideal theorists in the context of HRE, we construct a nonideal universalism founded on a negative moral conception of dehumanization. We argue that approaching human rights violations from the perspective of dehumanization offers theoretical renewal to the current discussion on human rights, and a basis for nonideal HRE. This is a new angle in the current critical HRE discussion because it takes the prevailing criticisms of human rights and HRE seriously but does not deny the non-negotiable, universal moral core of human rights. We argue that such a core is necessary for making sense of the moral responsibilities related to HRE and for transcending given contexts. We emphasize the importance of this moral approach for HRE and suggest that nonideal HRE can foster a sensitivity to injustice through political and moral imagination against actual cases of dehumanization. Additionally, nonideal HRE has the potential to disturb passive injustice and foster moral sensibility through education.
Thermal equilibration in collisionless magnetospheric plasmas via entropy-mode turbulence
Authors: Numata Ryusuke 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
A planetary magnetosphere is a peculiar plasma environment where a high-temperature plasma is confined in a strongly inhomogeneous dipolar magnetic field generated by a planet. Turbulence driven by the magnetic curvature and density gradient (the entropy mode) is known to cause the inward pinch whereby particles are transported against the density gradient to achieve high confinement. However, a comprehensive understanding of how the global magnetospheric plasma confinement is determined is still missing. Here, we show that the entropy-mode turbulence equilibrates temperatures between species without collisions in a magnetospheric plasma. The classical stability analysis in terms of energetic consideration reveals the interchangeable roles of electrons and ions for destabilization due to resonance with drift waves depending on their temperature. One of the species has negative energy and grows its energy fed from the background density gradient. Turbulence driven by the microscopic (kinetic) instability tends to rearrange the internal energy between species, pre-dominantly via linear physics, leading to an equal temperature state. Our new finding adds an ingredient to energy transport processes and contributes to a consistent explanation of the global self-organization of magnetospheric plasmas.
Highly engaging events reveal semantic and temporal compression in online community discourse
Authors: Desiderio Antonio , Mancini Anna , Cimini Giulio , Di Clemente Riccardo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
People nowadays express their opinions in online spaces, using different forms of interactions such as posting, sharing and discussing with one another. How do these digital traces change in response to events happening in the real world? We leverage Reddit conversation data, exploiting its community-based structure, to elucidate how offline events influence online user interactions and behavior. Online conversations, as posts and comments, are analysed along their temporal and semantic dimensions. Conversations tend to become repetitive with a more limited vocabulary, develop at a faster pace, and feature heightened emotions. As the event approaches, the shifts occurring in conversations are reflected in the users’ dynamics. Users become more active and they exchange information with a growing audience, despite using a less rich vocabulary and repetitive messages. The recurring patterns we discovered are persistent across a wide range of events and several contexts, representing a fingerprint of how online dynamics change in response to real-world occurrences.
The development of a keratoacanthoma following injection of hyaluronic acid–based dermal fillers into the lips
Authors: Mackender Emma , Kamp Erin , Hendrix Nicole , Nardini Nastassia , Drake Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This case report illustrates an unusual case of a keratoacanthoma (KA) developing on the lips following repeated injections with hyaluronic acid-based dermal fillers. Hyaluronic acid dermal fillers dominate nonsurgical aesthetic treatments in the UK due to their effectiveness, while also being relatively safe. The vast increase in various filler products has resulted in an increase in adverse events, although these likely remain under-reported. There have been no previously reported cases of KA directly post-hyaluronic acid injections, and KAs are not currently considered a side-effect. The patient in our case had several risk factors for developing a KA, including high sun exposure and smoking, as well as a history of repeated injections performed by a lay practitioner. Moreover, poor injection technique and repeated trauma to the lips from the injections are also likely to be implicated. Given the all-time high increase in demand for cosmetic dermal fillers, we believe that KA should be considered a possible adverse reaction of dermal fillers, particularly in patients with other significant risk factors for KA development.
Effectiveness of Mental Health Treatment Interventions for At-Risk Youth Within the Minnesota Runaway Intervention Program
Authors: Triliegi Romana , Fleming Elizabeth , LaBore Kathryn , Hurtley Karla 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
The Runaway Intervention Program (RIP) is a strengths-based, nurse-led home visitation and case management model for runaway youth at risk of sexual exploitation, violence, and mental health challenges. RIP aims to promote healthy development, reduce trauma responses, and lower risk behaviors. This study evaluates the effectiveness of three optional psychological interventions—individual therapy, group therapy, and combined therapy—administered by licensed mental health practitioners. Using archival data from 128 RIP participants enrolled between 2015 and 2019, the study assessed pretreatment and posttreatment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms using the University of California Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Index.
Statistical analysis suggested a reduction in PTSD symptoms from pretreatment (M = 35.33, SD = 15.29) to posttreatment (M = 22.91, SD = 16.31), regardless of treatment type. There was no significant difference in symptom reduction between the three treatment modalities, indicating comparable effectiveness across modalities. Across all treatment modalities, clinically significant change analysis showed that 41% of participants recovered, 51% showed no change, 2% improved, and 6% deteriorated. These findings suggest that although RIP interventions effectively reduce PTSD symptoms, no single modality outperformed the others. The results underscore the value of flexible therapeutic options to address the diverse needs of runaway youth.
Identifying Human Trafficking in the Hospital via an Abuse Screening Tool
Authors: Weiss Kali , Harland Karisa K. , Findlay Shannon 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Healthcare professionals play a vital role in the identification and assistance of individuals affected by trafficking who are seen in the healthcare setting. The objective of this project was to analyze a screening tool with newly added questions specifically geared at human trafficking and determine its efficacy in identifying trafficked persons who were seen in the emergency department or who were inpatients.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study occurred at a large Level 1 trauma center located in the Midwest. Nursing staff administered a mandatory Abuse Risk + Human Trafficking tool. A retrospective chart review was conducted. Data from the abuse screen were reviewed from April 1, 2021, to February 28, 2023.

Results
Of all positive screens on the Abuse Risk + Human Trafficking tool, 33% were positive for at least one human trafficking question. Among those with a positive screen on the human trafficking questions, 25 screenings (20 adults, five minors) were associated with patients who had documentation highly concerning for trafficking. There were also 11 screenings with documentation highly concerning for trafficking that did not screen positive on any human trafficking questions and were positive for the non-human-trafficking questions only.

Discussion
The addition of three human trafficking questions to create the Abuse Risk + Human Trafficking tool resulted in an increase in the identification of individuals exploited by human trafficking in this hospital setting when compared with the existing Abuse Risk tool that did not have the additional human trafficking questions.