bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators to accessing sexual health services for older LGBTQIA+ adults: a global scoping review and qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Conyers Hayley , Wu Dan , Kpokiri Eneyi , Zhang Qihang , Hinchliff Sharron , Shakespeare Tom , Tucker Joseph 
Published: January 2023

The number of older adults identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and other sexual and gender diverse identities (LGBTQIA+) is growing as populations age and social environments become more accepting. This study uses a global evidence synthesis to understand perceived barriers and facilitators to access to sexual healthcare globally for older LGBTQIA+ adults. We used a scoping review and qualitative evidence synthesis. Embase, PubMed and PsycInfo were searched with terms related to LGBTQIA+ populations, adults aged 45 years, and sexual health care. We used the Cochrane Handbook and the review protocol was registered. Primary and secondary textual data were coded and grouped into themes using PRISMA-SCR and the Minority Stress Model. The certainty of review findings was assessed using the GRADE-CERQual approach. We identified 19 studies and 15 were included in the qualitative evidence synthesis. All studies were from high-income countries. Heterocentricity and male-centricity of sexual healthcare services contributed to feelings of exclusion for older LGBTQIA+ adults. Both anticipated and enacted stigma from healthcare providers resulted in older LGBTQIA+ adults, especially those with chronic conditions, avoiding health services (seven studies each, low certainty). Older LGBTQIA+ adults have unique sexual health needs and may feel their age empowers them to access appropriate care (four studies, low certainty). This review highlights the need for additional research and interventions to improve sexual health services for older LGBTQIA+ adults. Practical strategies to make sexual health less heterocentric (e.g. gender neutral signage) may increase uptake of essential sexual health services.
Changing trends in transgender demographics and morbidity: baseline data from a Spanish cohort
Authors: González Fernández Pedro , Grau Bolado Gema , Fernández López Carmen , Ponce de León Saenz de Navarrete Susana , Guadilla Fernández María Luisa , Vázquez San Miguel Federico , Bellido Virginia , Rica Echevarria Itxaso 
Published: January 2023

The number of transgender people who request hormone treatment is increasing worldwide. We obtained base clinical and demographic information from transgender people treated at a specialised clinic in Spain (n = 484) and studied changes over time. Transgender women treated in 2009–14 were older than those treated in 2015–20 (29 years vs 17 years), had a lower academic level and had higher anxiolytics consumption. Transgender men treated in 2009–14 were older than those treated later (27 years vs 17 years) and had a lower academic level. These trends reflect favourable changes in how the transgender population is treated by society and health services.
A thermal microfluidic actuator based on a novel microheater
Authors: Qaiser Nadeem , Khan Sherjeel M , Babatain Wedyan , Nour Maha , Joharji Lana , Shaikh Sohail F , Elatab Nazek , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Microfluidic actuators based on thermally-induced actuation are gaining intense attraction due to their usage in disease diagnosis and drug release-related devices. These devices use a thermally-expandable polymer called Expancel that expands once its temperature exceeds a particular threshold value. Achieving such devices that are cost-effective and consume low input power is crucial for attaining efficacy. Therefore, the need for a low-energy consuming actuator necessitates the improved configurations of microheaters that provide the required heat. We report a novel topology of a copper-based microheater called square-wave meander, exhibiting a 44% higher output temperature, showing high actuation efficiency, as compared to the conventionally used meander design. The reason for increased temperature with low input energy is attributed to increased resistance by a jagged structure while maintaining the same surface area, i.e. without changing the effective thickness of the microheater. Numerical modeling demonstrates the comparison of temperature and electric potential contours for reported and conventionally used microheaters. We reveal the merit of the reported design by comparing the volumetric thermal strains for both designs. We experimentally demonstrate the increased expansion of 25% for the reported design at the same applied current of 200 mA and faster operation time. Later, we show the microfluidic actuator device integrated into the microheater and poly-dimethylsiloxane-Expancel, controlling the operation/actuation of a fluid through a microchannel. This work might improve the performance of the advanced microfluidic-based drug release and other fluid-based applications.
Active control of metasurface via integrated spintronic terahertz emitter
Authors: Feng Zheng , Wang Dacheng , Zhang Caihong , Sun Song , Xiang Xingcheng , Jia Xiaoqing , Jin Biaobing , Tan Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Active metasurfaces have attracted increased attention due to their capabilities in function switching and wavefront shaping. Here we develop a new paradigm for active control of metasurfaces via integrating a tunable and programmable spintronic terahertz emitter (STE). While compatible with almost all conventional materials for metasurfaces, the STE can empower the passive metasurfaces to be active with increased flexibility. For the sake of illustration, a STE integrated metasurface quarter-wave plate is demonstrated, which enables broadband full polarization control over the entire Poincaré sphere. We also share a future perspective that the STE integrated metasurface can be readily programmed by using a commercial spatial light modulator. This work bridges the studies of metasurfaces and spintronic THz emitters, and may inspire more fruitful active metasurface designs and applications.
120 MeV swift Au9+ ion induced phase transition in ZrO2: monoclinic to tetragonal and cubic to tetragonal structure
Authors: Lokesha H S , Nagabhushana K R , Singh Fouran , Thejavathi N R , Tatumi Sonia Hatsue , Prinsloo A R E , Sheppard C J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study reports the effect of 120 MeV swift Au9+ ion irradiation on the structures of monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic ZrO2, probed through x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Three phases of ZrO2 were prepared using the solution combustion method. The tetragonal and cubic phases of ZrO2 were stabilized at room temperature by adding 6% and 10% of yttrium ions, respectively. Both the XRD and Raman results confirm the partial phase transition from monoclinic to tetragonal, which was approximately 74%. Tetragonal ZrO2 is stable under 120 MeV Au9+ ion irradiation. Interestingly, a phase transition from cubic to tetragonal ZrO2 was observed under 120 MeV Au9+ ion irradiation. The roles of transient temperature, defects and strain in the lattice induced by swift heavy ions are discussed. This study reveals the structural stability of different phases of ZrO2 under swift heavy ion irradiation and should be helpful in choosing potential hosts for various applications such as inert fuel matrix inside the core of nuclear reactors, oxygen sensors and accelerators, and radiation shielding.
Dislocation characterization in c-plane GaN epitaxial layers on 6 inch Si wafer with a fast second-harmonic generation intensity mapping technique
Authors: Chiang Shou-En , Chang Wen-Hsin , Chen Yu-Ting , Li Wen-Chung , Yuan Chi-Tsu , Shen Ji-Lin , Chang Sheng Hsiung 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) intensity, Raman scattering stress, photoluminescence and reflected interference pattern are used to determine the distributions of threading dislocations (TDs) and horizontal dislocations (HDs) in the c-plane GaN epitaxial layers on 6 inch Si wafer which is a structure of high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). The Raman scattering spectra show that the TD and HD result in the tensile stress and compressive stress in the GaN epitaxial layers, respectively. Besides, the SHG intensity is confirmed that to be proportional to the stress value of GaN epitaxial layers, which explains the spatial distribution of SHG intensity for the first time. It is noted that the dislocation-mediated SHG intensity mapping image of the GaN epitaxial layers on 6 inch Si wafer can be obtained within 2 h, which can be used in the optimization of high-performance GaN based HEMTs.
Regional variations distinguish auditory from visual evoked potentials in healthy 4-week old piglets
Authors: Oeur R Anna , Palaniswamy Maduran , Ha Matthew , Fernández Corazza Mariano , Margulies Susan S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Evoked potentials (EP), measured using electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings provide an opportunity to monitor cognitive dysfunctions after neurological diseases or traumatic brain injury (TBI). The 4-week-old piglet is an established model of paediatric TBI; therefore, healthy piglets were studied to establish feasibility of obtaining responses to auditory and visual stimuli. A secondary aim was to input the EEG data into a piglet computational model to localize the brain sources related to processing. We tested the hypotheses: 1) Visual, auditory-standard, and auditory-target stimuli elicit responses, 2) There is an effect of stimulus type, day tested, and electrode region on EPs from EEG, 3) There is an effect of stimulus type, day tested, and brain region on localized sources from a computational model. Eleven 4-week-old female piglets were fitted with a 32-electrode net and presented with a simple white light stimulus and an auditory oddball click train (70 standard; 30 target tones). N1 and P2 amplitudes were consistently observed for all stimulus types. Significant interaction effects between brain region and stimulus for EP and current density demonstrate that cognitive responses are specific to each modality with auditory localizing to the temporal region and visual to the occipital regions. There was a day effect where larger responses were found on the first day than day 2 and 3 and may be due to the novelty of the stimulus on the first day. Visual stimuli had larger P1 amplitudes and earlier latencies (P1, N1) than auditory which coincides with current density results at 50 ms where larger activations were observed for visual. At 85 ms, auditory had significantly larger current densities coincident with larger and longer N1 amplitudes and latencies than visual. Auditory and visual processing were successfully and consistently obtained in a porcine model and can be evaluated as a diagnostic assessment for TBI.
Temperature-compensated optical cavities for laser frequency stabilization
Authors: Zhadnov N O , Masalov A V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We propose a method for thermal expansion compensation of reference monolithic optical cavities for laser frequency stabilization. Two schemes of optical cavities are considered: a Fabry–Perot interferometer with a crimp ring and a whispering-gallery-mode cavity with a clamp. In each scheme, thermal expansion compensation is achieved due to the strained connection of the cavity with an element made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal expansion. The temperature range of the cavities’ optical length stabilization is estimated.
Parametric study of midplane gas puffing to maximize ICRF power coupling in ITER
Authors: Zhang W. , Messiaen A. , Helou W. , Bobkov V. , Lamalle P. , Pitts R.A. , Tierens W. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Midplane gas puffing close to the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) antennae has been demonstrated to be robust in improving ICRF power coupling in current tokamaks. It is also shown in a previous study (Zhang 2019 Nucl. Mater. Energy
19 364–71) that in ITER, midplane gas puffing with a puff rate of ∼4.5 × 1022 electrons s−1 can increase the antenna loading/coupling resistance by about a factor of two. In this paper, a comprehensive parametric study has been carried out to characterize the influence of midplane gas puffing on ICRF power coupling in additional and broader range of parameter scans. The new parameter scans include the gas puff rate, the poloidal location of the gas pipe orifices (GPOs), the separatrix density, the particle perpendicular diffusion coefficient, the radial distance between the plasma and antenna as well as the antenna phasing. The 3D edge plasma fluid and neutral transport code EMC3-EIRENE code has been used to simulate the 3D distributions of plasma density in the presence of gas puffing, which are then used in the antenna code ANTITER II to calculate the antenna coupling. The simulation results indicate that the ITER ICRF local midplane gas injection layout (with the GPOs located on one side of each antenna port) increases the ICRF power coupling significantly in all studied plasma scenarios and antenna parameters. We are hence confident that the chosen layout for the ICRF local gas injection on ITER is appropriate. We are also confident that the ITER local gas injection will allow boosting the ICRF coupling with all studied plasma conditions and antenna phasings.
Watermelons on the half-plane
Authors: Nurligareev Kh D , Povolotsky A M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study the watermelon probabilities in the uniform spanning forests on the two-dimensional semi-infinite square lattice near either the open or closed boundary to which the forests can or cannot be rooted, respectively. We derive universal power laws describing the asymptotic decay of these probabilities with the distance between the reference points growing to infinity, as well as their non-universal constant prefactors. The obtained exponents match with the previous predictions made for the related dense polymer models using the Coulomb gas technique and conformal field theory, as well as with the lattice calculations made by other authors in different settings. We also discuss the logarithmic corrections some authors argued to appear in the watermelon correlation functions on the infinite lattice. We show that the full account for diverging terms of the lattice Green function, which ensures the correct probability normalization, provides the pure power law decay in the case of semi-infinite lattice with the closed boundary studied here, as well as in the case of infinite lattice discussed elsewhere. The solution is based on the all-minors generalization of the Kirchhoff matrix tree theorem, the image method and the developed asymptotic expansion of the Kirchhoff determinants.
Robust pulse shape discrimination algorithm using canonical correlation analysis of gamma and neutron pulses
Authors: El-Shazly Ehab H. , Abdelhakim Assem 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a robust pulse shape discrimination algorithm
is proposed to classify neutron and gamma pulses in radiation
detectors. Scalogram of the induced pulses, which represent the
absolute value of the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT)
coefficients in the time-frequency domain, is used as feature
descriptors. A two-dimensional principal component analysis (2D PCA)
is employed to achieve dimensionality reduction of the obtained
features and remove the redundancy in the given data. Accordingly,
dominant features are selected and stacked together to construct two
feature sets representing the two classes (neutron and
gamma). Canonical Correlation Analysis is performed between the
testing and training feature sets to find the basis vectors on which
the new projected set pairs are highly correlated. Experimental
results showed that the proposed method outperforms the other
state-of-the art PSD methods in terms the discrimination accuracy.
A sub-picosecond digital clock monitoring system
Authors: Saradhy Rohith , Frahm Erich , Mendes Eduardo B.S. , Rusack Roger 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We describe a low-cost system designed to monitor wander in digital clocks with a precision of ≤ 1 ps. With this system we have shown that it is possible to track phase variations at the sub-picosecond level by adding noise to a reference clock. As in many cases where a clock is part of a complex distribution network small changes in temperature and other effects can lead to small changes in the clock's phase. As a further demonstration of the system, we have used it to measure the phase changes induced in optical signals in fibers.
Incorporation of clay minerals into magnesium phosphate bone cement for enhancing mechanical strength and bioactivity
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Zhu Yongfeng , Mu Bin , Wang Aiqin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The poor mechanical strength and bioactivity of magnesium phosphate bone cements (MPCs) are the vital defects for bone reconstruction. Clay minerals have been widely used in biomedical field due to the good reinforcing property and cytocompatibility. Here, laponite, sepiolite or halloysite were incorporated to fabricate MPCs composite, and the composition, microstructure, setting time, compressive strength, thermal stability, degradation performance, in vitro bioactivity and cell viability of MPCs composite were investigated. The results suggested that the MPCs composite possessed appropriate setting time, high mechanical strength and good thermal stability. By contrast, MPCs composite containing 3.0 wt.% of sepiolite presented the highest compressive strength (33.45 ± 2.87 MPa) and the best thermal stability. The degradation ratio of MPCs composite was slightly slower than that of MPCs, and varied in simulated body fluid and phosphate buffer solution. Therefore, the obtained MPCs composite with excellent bioactivity and cell viability was expected to meet the clinical requirements for filling bone defect.
Net zero targets in science and policy
Authors: Rogelj Joeri 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Since the adoption of the 2015 Paris Agreement and the publication of the 2018 Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, net zero targets have become a central feature in climate policy. This Perspective looks back at the scientific foundations of this recent policy development, the current state of play, and next frontiers for research on this topic.
A critical review of natural gas emissions certification in the United States
Authors: Garg Sankalp , Boz Deniz Ege , Gilbert Ben , Crompton Jim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Concerns about the climate and local air impacts of emissions from the oil and gas supply chain have caused a reevaluation of natural gas’ role in a low carbon future. In response, some producers, large purchasers, and investors have pushed to certify some gas deliveries as ‘responsibly-sourced’ or ‘green’, which could give rise to a differentiated gas market. Third-party oil and gas certifications have been under development for several years, however, their focus has historically been on a broader set of societal impacts and risks, and they have typically focused on the upstream sector. Recent advances have been focused on methane emissions and supply chains into the certification process. In this paper we provide a critical review of several prominent natural gas certification processes. We do so within a broader historical context of using third-party market certifications and labels to differentiate clean vs. dirty versions of commodities.
Sign inversion in the lateral van der Waals force between an anisotropic particle and a plane with a hemispherical protuberance: an exact calculation
Authors: Queiroz Lucas , Nogueira Edson C M , Alves Danilo T 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate the lateral van der Waals (vdW) force between an anisotropic polarizable particle and a perfectly conducting plane with a hemispherical protuberance with radius R. We predict, via an exact calculation, a sign inversion in the lateral vdW force, in the sense that, instead of pointing to the protuberance, in certain situations this force points to the opposite direction. In the literature, predictions of sign inversions in the lateral vdW force were based on perturbative solutions, valid when the height of the protuberance is very small when compared to the distance z
0 between the particle and the plane. Here, taking into account exact formulas, we investigate how such nontrivial geometric effect depends on the ratio

R

/

z
0

, and how the particle orientation and anisotropy affect this sign inversion.
The spectrum of local random Hamiltonians
Authors: Collins B , Yin Z , Zhao L , Zhong P 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The spectrum of a local random Hamiltonian can be represented generically by the so-called ϵ-free convolution of the probability distributions of its local terms. We establish an isomorphism between the set of ϵ-noncrossing partitions and permutations to study its spectrum. Moreover, we derive some lower and upper bounds for the maximal eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian.
Strong entanglement criteria for mixed states, based on uncertainty relations
Authors: Manju  , Biswas Asoka , Dasgupta Shubhrangshu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We propose an entanglement criterion, specially designed for mixed states, based on uncertainty relation and the Wigner–Yanase skew information. The variances in this uncertainty relation do not involve any classical mixing uncertainty, and is therefore purely of quantum mechanical nature. We show that a large class of mixed entangled states can be characterized by our criterion. We demonstrate its utility for several generalized mixed entangled state including two-qubit and two-qutrit Werner states and it turns out, for the states discussed in this paper, to be stronger than any other known criterion in identifying the correct domain of relevant parameters for entanglement. The relevant uncertainty relation reduces to the Schrodinger–Robertson inequality for pure states.
Development of Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) Facilities as Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Transportation in the Losari Beach Area of Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Irafany S A , Jinca M Y , Wunas S , Zamhuri M Y 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) or non-motorized transportation is a form of sustainable transportation and environmentally friendly, reducing the environmental impact caused by transportation activities. Motor vehicle emissions cause greenhouse gas emissions and affect global warming and climate change worldwide. Walking is a form of non-motorized transportation. This research aims to determine the priority for developing Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) facilities in Makassar City, focusing on pedestrian paths that are comfortable for everyone. The research location is in the Losari Beach area to Fort Rotterdam as one of the recreational areas that are dense with the activities of the people of Makassar City. This research is descriptive quantitative, analyzing pedestrian paths availability and comfort level using a Likert scale to obtain comfort levels and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to get pedestrian path development priorities. The results showed that Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) facilities, such as pedestrian paths in Makassar City, were not maximally available, and utilization was not optimal.