bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic factors associated to knowledge and attitudes towards dengue prevention among the Peruvian population: findings from a national survey
Authors: Fernandez-Guzman Daniel , Caira-Chuquineyra Brenda , Calderon-Ramirez Pablo M , Cisneros-Alcca Shanelin , Benito-Vargas Raysa M 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequency of knowledge and attitudes towards dengue prevention among the Peruvian population, as well as the sociodemographic factors associated with reported knowledge and attitude outcomes.Design/settingA cross-sectional study was conducted, based on information from the National Survey of Budget Programs of Peru, 2019.ParticipantsWe included 57 829 respondents with a mean age of 40.3±17.4 years, of whom 52.8% were women and 87.6% were from urban areas.Primary and secondary outcomesKnowledge about dengue infection (transmission, symptoms, importance of going to a health centre and not self-medicating) and preventive attitudes to avoid infection.ResultsOf all the respondents, 36.2% (n=23 247) presented good knowledge about dengue and 11.6% (n=7890) had a higher number of preventive attitudes (≥3 attitudes). In the multivariate regression analysis, we found that being female (for knowledge: aPR (adjusted prevalence ratio): 1.03; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.03; and for attitude: aPR: 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02), being married/cohabiting (for knowledge: aPR: 1.02; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03; and for attitude: aPR: 1.01; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.02) and residing in the jungle (for knowledge: aPR: 1.14; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.16; and for attitude: aPR: 1.09; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.11) were associated with better knowledge and more preventive attitudes. In addition, we found that being an adolescent (for knowledge: aPR: 0.97; 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99; and for attitude: aPR: 0.99; 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99), and belonging to the Quechua ethnic group (for knowledge: aPR: 0.93; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.94; and for attitude: aPR: 0.98; 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99) were associated with a lower proportion of adequate knowledge and fewer preventive attitudes.ConclusionsOur study found a high proportion of poor knowledge and few preventive attitudes towards dengue in the Peruvian population. That highlights the requirement to implement national strategies to educate people about dengue and promote preventive attitudes, considering the factors found.
Alkaline picritic volcanism on northern Ellesmere Island associated with initial rifting of the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic
Authors: Koglin Nikola , Estrada Solveig , Läufer Andreas , Ruppel Antonia , Jacques Guillaume 
Published: March 2023

The Caledonian and Ellesmerian orogenies were followed by extension and development of intracontinental rift basins since the late Paleozoic, as represented by the Sverdrup Basin along the Canadian Arctic Islands. The initial rifting was accompanied by pulses of volcanic activity during the Carboniferous and Permian. A new occurrence of mafic volcanic rocks, the “Taconite volcanics” (informal name), was discovered on northern Ellesmere Island between the head of Ayles Fiord and M’Clintock Inlet. The mainly alkali-picritic lavas are exposed within the central part of the Pearya Terrane as an outcrop in faulted contact with upper Carboniferous red beds of the Canyon Fiord Formation. The contact to the Ordovician island-arc volcanic rocks of the Pearya Terrane is unclear. The outcrop is characterized by a small circular magnetic anomaly. Ar–Ar whole-rock geochronology on the volcanic rocks yielded an age of 290 ± 19 Ma suggesting emplacement of the lavas during the early Permian. Whole rock geochemical analyses for eight samples revealed a geochemical affinity to ocean island basalt (OIB) and indicate variable mixing of low-degree melts in the fields of garnet and spinel peridotite (∼80–90 km depth). The involvement of a metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle is indicated by high Pb, Nb, and Ta concentrations. Geochemical differences (as enrichments in Ti, Nb, Zr, and the light rare earth elements (REE)) to the known Carboniferous and Permian spilitic altered basalt occurrences of northwestern Ellesmere and northern Axel Heiberg islands are probably based on differences in the mantle source. The Sr isotope ratios of the Taconite volcanics are primitive ((87Sr/86Sr)t: 0.7037–0.7042) and its Nd isotope ratios are moderately depleted (εNd(t): +2.20 to +2.85) in contrast to the enriched εNd(t) values of the Permian Esayoo formation.
Tachyon condensation in a chromomagnetic background field and the groundstate of QCD
Authors: Bordag M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractI consider the chromomagnetic vacuum in SU(2). The effective Lagrangian in one loop approximation is known to have a minimum below zero which results in a spontaneously generated magnetic field. However, this minimum is not stable; the effective action has an imaginary part. Over the past decades, there were many attempts to handle this situation which all were at some point unsatisfactory. I propose an idea for a new solution by assuming that the tachyonic mode, at low temperature, acquires a condensate and, as a result, undergoes a phase transition like in the Higgs model. I consider the approximation where all gluon modes are dropped except for the tachyonic one. For this mode, we have a O(2)-model with quartic self-interaction in two dimensions. I apply the CJT (2PI) formalism in Hartree approximation. As a result, at zero and low temperatures, a minimum of the effective action at a certain value of the condensate and of the background fields is observed and there is no imaginary part. Raising the temperature, this minimum becomes shallower and at a critical temperature, the perturbative state becomes that with lower effective potential; the symmetry is restored. The physical interpretation says that the unstable mode creates tachyons until these come into equilibrium with their repulsive self-interaction and form a condensate. The relation to the Mermin-Wagner theorem is discussed.
Outcomes of Investigating T Wave Inversion With Echocardiography in an Unselected Young Male Preparticipation Cohort
Authors: Ho Wilbert H. H. , Lim Daniel Y. Z. , Thiagarajan Nishanth , Wang Hankun , Loo Wesley T. W. , Sng Gerald G. R. , Lee Joshua S. W. , Shen Xiayan , Dalakoti Mayank , Sia Ching‐Hui , Tan Benjamin Y. Q. , Lim Huai Yang , Wang Luo‐Kai , Chow Weien , Chua Terrance S. J. , Lim Paul C. Y. , Yeo Tee Joo , Chong Daniel T. T. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Electrocardiography (ECG) may be performed as part of preparticipation sports screening. Recommendations on screening of athletes to identify individuals with previously unrecognized cardiac disease are robust; however, data guiding the preparticipation screening of unselected populations are scarce. T wave inversion (TWI) on ECG may suggest an undiagnosed cardiomyopathy. This study aims to describe the prevalence of abnormal TWI in an unselected young male cohort and the outcomes of an echocardiography‐guided approach to investigating these individuals for structural heart diseases, focusing on the yield for cardiomyopathies.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Consecutive young male individuals undergoing a national preparticipation cardiac screening program for 39 months were studied. All underwent resting supine 12‐lead ECG. Those manifesting abnormal TWI, defined as negatively deflected T waves of at least 0.1 mV amplitude in any 2 contiguous leads, underwent echocardiography. A total of 69 714 male individuals with a mean age of 17.9±1.1 years were studied. Of the individuals, 562 (0.8%) displayed abnormal TWI. This was most frequently observed in the anterior territory and least so in the lateral territory. A total of 12 individuals (2.1%) were diagnosed with a cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy diagnoses were significantly associated with deeper maximum TWI depth and the presence of abnormal TWI in the lateral territory, but not with abnormal TWI in the anterior and inferior territories. No individual presenting with TWI restricted to solely leads V
1
to V
2
, 2 inferior leads or both was diagnosed with a cardiomyopathy.

CONCLUSIONS
Cardiomyopathy diagnoses were more strongly associated with certain patterns of abnormal TWI. Our findings may support decisions to prioritize echocardiography in these individuals.
Noninvasive Hemodynamic Evaluation Following TAVI for Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Grinberg Tzlil , Aviv Yaron , Vaturi Mordehay , Perl Leor , Wiessman Maya , Vaknin‐Assa Hanna , Codner Pablo , Shapira Yaron , Kornowski Ran , Orvin Katia 
Published: March 2023

Background
Various hemodynamic changes occur following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) that may impact therapeutic decisions. NICaS is a noninvasive bioimpedance monitoring system aimed at hemodynamic assessment. We used the NICaS system in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) to evaluate short‐term hemodynamic changes after TAVI.

Methods and Results

We performed hemodynamic analysis using NICaS on 97 patients with severe AS who underwent TAVI using either self‐expandable (68%) or balloon‐expandable (32%) valves. Patients were more often women (54%) and had multiple comorbidities including hypertension (83%), coronary artery disease (46%), and diabetes (37%). NICaS was performed at several time points—before TAVI, soon after TAVI, at hospital discharge, and during follow‐up. Compared with baseline NICaS measurements, we observed a significant increase in systolic blood pressure and total peripheral resistance (systolic blood pressure 132±21 mm Hg at baseline versus 147±23 mm Hg after TAVI,
P
<0.001; total peripheral resistance 1751±512 versus 2084±762 dynes*s/cm
5
, respectively,
P
<0.001) concurrent with a decrease in cardiac output and stroke volume (cardiac output 4.2±1.5 versus 3.9±1.3 L/min,
P
=0.037; stroke volume 61.4±14.8 versus 56.2±15.9 mL,
P
=0.001) in the immediate post‐TAVI period. At follow‐up (median 59 days [interquartile range, 40.5–91]) these measurements returned to values that were not different from the baseline. A significant improvement in echocardiography‐based left ventricular ejection fraction was observed from baseline to follow‐up (55.6%±11.6% to 59.4%±9.4%,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Unique short‐term adaptive hemodynamic changes were observed using NICaS in patients with AS soon after TAVI. Noninvasive hemodynamic evaluation immediately following TAVI may contribute to the understanding of complex hemodynamic changes and merits favorable consideration.
Discontinuous Combinatory Constituency Parsing
Authors: Chen Zhousi , Komachi Mamoru 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We extend a pair of continuous combinator-based constituency parsers (one binary and one multi-branching) into a discontinuous pair. Our parsers iteratively compose constituent vectors from word embeddings without any grammar constraints. Their empirical complexities are subquadratic. Our extension includes 1) a swap action for the orientation-based binary model and 2) biaffine attention for the chunker-based multi-branching model. In tests conducted with the Discontinuous Penn Treebank and TIGER Treebank, we achieved state-of-the-art discontinuous accuracy with a significant speed advantage.
Beleaguered City, Beleaguered Planet
Authors: Sklair Leslie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article sets out to analyze the connections between three different but related phenomena (capitalist globalization, the Anthropocene, and the coronavirus epidemic) through the lens of iconic buildings and spaces and the cities in which they are mostly found. I argue that the transnational capitalist class uses cities as competitors in a global system of lucrative investment opportunities. Capitalist globalization is widely implicated in the Anthropocene (signifying human impacts on the Earth system, usually destructive) and together they facilitate the spread of the coronavirus. The concept of “administrative evil” is mobilized to highlight the ethical dimensions of city planning, and the increasingly “beleaguered city.”
Entangled Futures: Big Oil, Political Will, and the Global Environmental Movement
Authors: Darian-Smith Eve 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) identified a lack of “political will” by national leaders as the main obstacle to mitigating the climate emergency in its 2022 report. However, the report makes no mention that contributing to this political deficiency has been rising antidemocracy over the past two decades, furthered by the support of the powerful fossil fuel industry. This article explores the synergy between antidemocratic leaders embracing anti-climate agendas that prioritize oil and gas companies over the rights of their citizens. I conclude by reflecting on possible responses to this bleak reality from members of the global environmental movement. This involves acknowledging the deep complicity of liberal democratic states in extractive capitalism, while also rethinking democratic principles of social equality and political inclusion to ensure that historically underrepresented communities can engage in emancipatory pro-climate political mobilization.
The Socio-ecological Question, the Global Environmental Justice Movement and Anti-systemic Environmentalism
Authors: Yaşın Zehra Taşdemir 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article makes two central arguments: i) we can understand the current phase of anti-systemic movements predominantly through the globally expanding forms of resistance centered on environment, food, climate, soil, water, and so on as a collective socio-ecological critique and confrontation of the global capitalist relations of production; and ii) we can conceptually specify the global environmental justice movement through the notion of anti-systemic environmentalism expressing “the second contradiction of capitalism,” i.e., the socio-ecological crisis of the capitalist world system. In making these arguments, it introduces the concept of the socio-ecological question, theoretically grounded in the value theory of nature, in establishing the world-historical relationality among diverse place-based socio-environmental movements.
Neglecting the Marginalized: Corporate Valuation Discourses in Environmental Struggles
Authors: Llavero-Pasquina Marcel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The unequal distribution of environmental goods and pollution burdens is determined by valuation decisions dependent on the values present in the public sphere. Accordingly, corporations and movements of resistance adopt strategies to influence public value systems to prioritize their interests. However, pre-existing asymmetric relationships of power grant corporations a dominant position over the public sphere, eschewing environmental management towards instrumental and transactional modes of valuation. The hegemonic valuation of the environment is thus a product and source of power, and a key element for the reproduction of systems of oppression. This article will discuss the mechanisms used by extractive corporations to neglect alternative value systems, illustrated with examples from the oil giant TotalEnergies.
No Fear from Heaven: How Song Confucian Classicists Discredited the Omenology of the Five Phases
Authors: Lan Xing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article employs Tzvetan Todorov’s ‘triggers of interpretation’ to examine how Song Confucian classicists disproved the omenology of the Five Phases. Since the first century, the omenology has shifted to being the paradigm of interpreting omens and disasters. However, many Confucian classicists during the Song dynasty grew dissatisfied with this paradigm and offered arguments to challenge its authority and validity. A few studies have noted this but have not dissected why Song Confucianists could discredit the system deeply ingrained in the Chinese intellectual landscape. To address this gap, I first revisit the omenology of the Five Phases and identify that its feasibility rests on the authority of Confucian learning and the analogy between signs and interpretants. Next, I discover that the counterarguments of most Song Confucianists not only elucidated this omenology as a misinterpretation of Confucian classics by Han Confucian classicists, but also found the analogy unreasonable and devoid of any ground.
Redefining ‘Sign’/‘Symbol’ and Semiotics
Authors: Zhao Yiheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Both ‘sign’ and ‘symbol’ are words with a long and polysemic history in Western culture. Moreover, the 120-year history of the modern semiotics movement has failed to provide a highly needed definition of these most basic terms, thus resulting in ambiguity of the definition of the discipline itself. This paper proposes defining ‘sign/symbol’ as ‘a sensuous entity to be regarded as carrying meaning’. Furthermore, the terminological chaos that arises between ‘sign’ and ‘symbol’, which originated in Western languages, has caused chaos for translators in selecting the appropriate Chinese term from the options Fuhao and Xiangzheng, since a phonetic rendition is hardly possible in Chinese. On this basis, the paper attempts to define ‘semiotics’ as ‘the formal study of meaning-making’. In this understanding, semiotics covers not only signification but also communication and interpretation of meaning.
Multiple cardiotoxicities during osimertinib therapy
Authors: Kobat Hasan , Davidson Michael , Elkonaissi Islam , Foreman Emma , Nabhani-Gebara Shereen 
Published: March 2023

Introduction The tyrosine-kinase inhibitor osimertinib is an oral anti-cancer agent that is used for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer harbouring sensitising EGFR mutations. Patients receiving osimertinib are at higher risk of developing cardiac toxicity, and here we present the case of a 72-year-old male who developed multiple cardiotoxicities during therapy (i.e. QTc prolongation, atrial fibrillation, heart failure). Case Report A 72-year-old white British, ex-smoker male patient was admitted to our cancer centre with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Afatinib, gefitinib, osimertinib, and carboplatin plus pemetrexed chemotherapy were the treatments he received. At the 15th month of osimertinib therapy, the patient developed QTc prolongation. Two weeks after the first incidence of QTc prolongation, electrocardiography showed rate-controlled atrial fibrillation. In addition to his atrial fibrillation, echocardiography revealed severely impaired left ventricular systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction: 30%). Management and Outcomes Baseline to osimertinib, an electrocardiography investigation was carried out as per the protocol. Baseline drug history was reviewed and rosuvastatin was discontinued before initiating osimertinib as both drugs contribute to QTc prolongation. Dabigatran, bisoprolol, and digoxin were started for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Ramipril and spironolactone were prescribed for the treatment of heart failure but osimertinib continued uneventfully. The patient died of non-small cell lung cancer. Discussion Recommendations for practical and clinically relevant baseline and on-treatment assessments are considered which may reduce the risk of cardiac toxicity during osimertinib therapy. These include baseline cardiac risk stratification, consideration of concomitant medications that may result in additive cardiac risk, and use of electrocardiography and echocardiography surveillance.
Apixaban for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Nikodem Anne , Arjuna Ashwini , Hu Chengcheng , Nasar Aasya , Lam Jade C. , Cherrier Lauren 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Guidelines recommend the use of direct oral anticoagulation therapy over warfarin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism and atrial fibrillation. However, there is uncertainty and a lack of data supporting the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation therapy in lung transplant recipients. Additionally, there are unique considerations for this population, such as labile renal function and drug interactions. Project Aims The objective of this program evaluation was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of apixaban therapy for atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism in lung transplant recipients. Design Medical records of all adult lung transplant recipients who received apixaban for atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism treatment between January 1, 2018, and August 31, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Safety was evaluated by the incidence of bleeding. Efficacy was evaluated by the recurrence of blood clots or the incidence of stroke. Results A total of 134 recipients were included in the review. Thromboembolisms occurred in 14 recipients (10%), and none experienced a stroke. Bleeding occurred in 12 recipients (9%). Conclusions The results of this evaluation were similar to those seen in smaller studies of the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulation therapy for the treatment of atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism in lung transplant recipients, especially in recipients taking interacting azole antifungals. Prospective, comparative studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Peripheral artery disease and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Examining a high-risk cohort over time
Authors: Alnahhal Khaled I , Majumdar Monica , Irshad Ali , Kapur Navin , Kumar Shivani , Salehi Payam 
Published: March 2023

Objective Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a resource-intensive approach for the management of refractory cardiogenic shock. Within this population exists a substantial cohort of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), which independently increases the risk of complications and all-cause mortality. We studied 10-year national trends of the impact of PAD among VA-ECMO recipients to better understand the prevalence of PAD and implications on outcomes in this vulnerable population. Methods This 10-year retrospective, propensity score-matched study identified all adult patients (≥18) who underwent VA-ECMO between 2009 and 2018, from a large US database (National Inpatient Sample). Patients with an ICD diagnosis of PAD were identified. The primary endpoints of in-hospital mortality, bleeding complications and major limb loss (above- or below-knee amputation) were compared between patients with PAD to those without. Results A total of 6768 patients were identified, of which 342 (5.3%) had PAD. The median age at admission was significantly higher in PAD patients [64 years vs. 55 years; p < .01], as was male gender [71% vs. 64%; p < .01]. Patients with PAD had higher rates of smoking (38.9% vs. 23.3%), hypertension (71.1% vs. 50%), diabetes (37.4% vs. 27.0%), chronic kidney disease (30.1% vs. 18.0%), coronary artery disease (76.0% vs. 35.0%) and dyslipidemia (76.0% vs. 35.0); all p < .01. After propensity-matching 2:1 for comorbidities, PAD patients were found to have significantly greater overall complications, including in-hospital mortality, bleeding, surgical wound infections, pseudoaneurysms, and major adverse limb events [71.9% vs. 63.9%; p < .01]. Subgroup analysis revealed greater in-hospital mortality [62.2% vs. 55.3%; p < .05], major amputations [4.1% vs. 0.3%; p < .01] and blood transfusions [32.2% vs. 26.2%; p < .05] in PAD patients. Over 2014–2018, the non-PAD group demonstrated statistically discernable trends in a 51.1% decrease in overall complications and a 28.1% increase in survival to discharge (all p < .01). Over the same time period the PAD cohort experienced a modest, nonsignificant, decrease in complications [7.0%, p = .40] and a decrease in those surviving to discharge [47.1% vs. 40.5%, p = .91]. Conclusion Patients with PAD on VA-ECMO are sicker at baseline and experience significantly greater major amputations and higher in-hospital mortality. They have not benefitted from the considerable decrease in complication rates and increase in survival to discharge over time as compared to their non-PAD counterparts. These findings demonstrate the substantial frailty of the PAD population within an already high-risk cohort, and highlight the need for better procedural approaches and innovative technologies.