bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic steatosis and advanced hepatic fibrosis are independent predictors of long‐term mortality in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Chin YipHan , Lim Jieyu , Kong Gwyneth , Ng Cheng Han , Goh Rachel , Muthiah Mark , Mehta Anurag , Chong Bryan , Lin Chaoxing , Chan Kai En , Kong William , Poh Kian Keong , Foo Roger , Chai Ping , Yeo Tiong‐Cheng , Low Adrian F. , Lee Chi Hang , Tan Huay Cheem , Chan Mark Yan‐Yee , Richards A Mark , Loh Poay‐Huan , Chew Nicholas W. S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the prevalence and prognosis of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in post‐acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.MethodsPatients presenting with AMI to a tertiary hospital were examined from 2014 to 2021. Hepatic steatosis and advanced hepatic fibrosis were determined using the Hepatic Steatosis Index and fibrosis‐4 index, respectively. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Cox regression models identified determinants of mortality after adjustments and Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed for all‐cause mortality, stratified by hepatic steatosis and advanced fibrosis.ResultsOf 5765 patients included, 24.8% had hepatic steatosis, of whom 41.7% were diagnosed with advanced fibrosis. The median follow‐up duration was 2.7 years. Patients with hepatic steatosis tended to be younger, female, with elevated body mass index and an increased metabolic burden of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Patients with hepatic steatosis (24.6% vs. 20.9% mortality, P < .001) and advanced fibrosis (45.6% vs. 32.9% mortality, P < .001) had higher all‐cause mortality rates compared with their respective counterparts. Hepatic steatosis (adjusted hazard ratio 1.364, 95% CI 1.145‐1.625, P = .001) was associated with all‐cause mortality after adjustment for confounders. Survival curves showed excess mortality in patients with hepatic steatosis compared with those without (P = .002).ConclusionsHepatic steatosis and advanced fibrosis have a substantial prevalence among patients with AMI. Both are associated with mortality, with an incrementally higher risk when advanced fibrosis ensues. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis could help risk stratification of AMI patients beyond conventional risk factors.
Can longitudinal strain analysis differentiate between Takotsubo syndrome and acute coronary syndrome?
Authors: Wilk Aleksandra , Król Wojciech , Anna Żarek‐Starzewska , Ziemska‐Gorczyca Marlena , Tetera Weronika , Konopka Marcin , Binkiewicz‐Orluk Maria , Braksator Wojciech 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTakotsubo syndrome (TTS) is characterized by transient abnormalities of myocardial contractility. Noninvasive tests are currently being sought to differentiate TTS from acute coronary syndrome (ACS).The aim of the studyTo evaluate the prevalence of TTS and echocardiographic parameters to distinguish apical TTS from acute anterior wall infarction.Material and methodsThe medical records of patients with suspected TTS, hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology (TTS group n = 18) were analyzed. The control group included patients with STEMI of the left ventricle anterior wall and anterior and lateral wall (STEMI group n = 17). Standard transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was supplemented with segmental longitudinal strain (LS) assessment with the use of acoustic marker tracking.ResultsA statistically significant difference was observed in the second cardiac troponine I (CTNI) measurement (TTS: 3241.2 ng/L vs. STEMI: 12032.6 ng/L; p < 0.05). A significant difference in left and right ventricular size was observed on TTE. Left ventricular end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes were considerably smaller in TTS group; (86.1 vs. 104 ml and 48.1 vs. 74.1 ml, respectively). LS were significantly higher (in absolute values) in patients with TTS than in those with STEMI in the apical and middle lateral segments, LS in the apical four‐chamber view (apSept −14.9 vs. −8.9; apLat −14.8 vs. −6.84; midLat −13.26 vs. −9.11).ConclusionsPatients with TTS are characterized by a different LS pattern in the apical segments of the left ventricle compared to patients with STEMI. TTE examination with LS remains insufficient to distinguish TTS from ACS at the early stage of diagnosis.
The income loss of a political crisis: Evidence from Madagascar
Authors: Fontaine Idriss , Razafindravaosolonirina Justinien 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSince the late 1950s, Madagascar has experienced four constitutional changes and four crises of a political nature. In the present paper, we assess the economic effects of the 2009 Malagasy political crisis, which stands out from the three previous crises because of its suddenness and its duration. For this purpose, we use the synthetic control method, which involves determining the most credible counterfactual for the Malagasy economy from a subset of optimally weighted untreated countries. This empirical approach clearly shows that the output loss of this crisis is sizable, leading to a per capita income loss of around 25% 8 years after the start of the crisis. Sensitivity analyses applied to verify the robustness of our main result confirm that the effect of the 2009 Malagasy political crisis was unusually large. We then conduct an in‐depth analysis to understand the main mechanisms that explain this output loss. We confirm that investments are probably the main determinants explaining the output loss after the crisis. We believe that our approach reveals that political instability is one of the main constraints preventing Madagascar from prospering.
Pragmatisms' Generations: A Forewording of Philosophies for Democracy From One American Perspective
Authors: Stone Lynda 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article gives a historical‐philosophical overview of three generations of pragmatist thinking centered around the question of democracy. It serves as an introduction and contextualization to the papers that develop a third generation pragmatic point of view in the remainder of the special issue. The perspective is from one American‐trained philosopher of education who has studied and written widely in pragmatism and European social theory. The article has sections on three generations generally described and with primary influences of John Dewey, Richard Rorty, and Bruno Latour. In each generation, other important philosophic contributions discussed come from C. S. Peirce and William James, Hilary Putnam, Donna Haraway, and Isabelle Stengers as well as relevant commentators. The first two, Dewey and Rorty, contribute to a sub‐theme of democracy in their writings that the third, Latour, continues in politics in a section elaboration. The introduction sets forth a generational theme and an international setting for pragmatism. The conclusion summarizes the article's key ideas and points to a need in education for a democratic future.
Prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study on the provision of information regarding sudden unexpected death in epilepsy to adults with epilepsy
Authors: Wadle Nora‐Elena , Schwab Christina , Seifart Carola , von Podewils Felix , Knake Susanne , Willems Laurent M. , Menzler Katja , Schulz Juliane , Conradi Nadine , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveDespite increased awareness of the serious epilepsy complication sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), a substantial population of people with epilepsy (PWE) remain poorly informed. Physicians indicate concern that SUDEP information may adversely affect patients' health and quality of life. We examined SUDEP awareness and the immediate and long‐term effects of providing SUDEP information to PWE.MethodsBaseline knowledge and behaviors among PWE and behavioral adjustments following the provision of SUDEP information were evaluated in a prospective, multicenter survey using the following validated scales: Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy for depression symptoms, the EuroQoL five‐dimension scale for health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), a visual analog scale for overall health, the revised Epilepsy Stigma Scale for perceived stigma, and the Seizure Worry Scale for seizure‐related worries. The prospective study collected data through semiquantitative interviews before (baseline), immediately after, and 3 months after the provision of SUDEP information.ResultsIn total, 236 participants (mean age = 39.3 years, range = 18–77 years, 51.7% women) were enrolled, and 205 (86.9%) completed long‐term, 3‐month follow‐up. One patient died from SUDEP before follow‐up. No worsening symptoms from baseline to 3‐month follow‐up were observed on any scale. At baseline, 27.5% of participants were aware of SUDEP. More than 85% of participants were satisfied with receiving SUDEP information. Three quarters of participants were not concerned by the information, and >80% of participants recommended the provision of SUDEP information to all PWE. Although most patients reported no behavioral adjustments, 24.8% reported strong behavioral adjustments at 3‐month follow‐up.SignificanceThe provision of SUDEP information has no adverse effects on overall health, HRQoL, depressive symptoms, stigma, or seizure worry among PWE, who appreciate receiving information. SUDEP information provision might improve compliance among PWE and reduce but not eliminate the increased mortality risk.
The long‐term effects of primary school‐based obesity prevention interventions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Smit Michel S. , Boelens Mirte , Mölenberg Famke J. M. , Raat Hein , Jansen Wilma 
Published: December 2022

SummaryIntroductionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis investigate the long‐term effects of primary school‐based obesity prevention interventions on body‐mass index (and z‐scores), waist circumference (and z‐scores) and weight status.MethodsFour databases were searched for studies from date of inception until June 8th, 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCT) and non‐RCTs investigating effects ≥12 months post‐intervention of primary school‐based interventions with intervention duration ≥6 months and containing a diet and/or physical activity component on outcomes of interest. Articles were assessed on risk of bias and methodological quality by RoB2 and ROBINS‐I. Meta‐analysis was performed and results were narratively summarized. Evidence quality was assessed with GRADE.ResultsNineteen studies were included, 9 were pooled in a meta‐analysis. No long‐term effects were found on body‐mass index (+0.06 kg/m2; CI95% = −0.38, 0.50; I2 = 66%), body‐mass index z‐scores (−0.08; CI95% = −0.20, 0.04; I2 = 36%), and waist circumference (+0.57 cm; CI95% = −0.62, 1.75; I2 = 13%). Non‐pooled studies reported mixed findings regarding long‐term effects on body‐mass index, body‐mass index z‐scores and weight status, and no effects on waist circumference and waist circumference z‐scores. Evidence certainty was moderate to very low.DiscussionNo clear evidence regarding long‐term effects of primary school‐based interventions on obesity‐related outcomes was found. Recommendations for further research and policy are discussed.Prospero registration ID: CRD42021240446.
Migration narratives in Northern Triangle, Mexican and US media from 1999 to 2019
Authors: Hinck Robert S. , Utterback Robert , Kitsch Sara R. , Wenzel Sarah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study conceptualizes the mediated discussions of migration in Central America as narratives, arguing for the need to examine the broader contours of policy‐related migration reporting across time. Using machine learning and text mining analyses, combined with qualitative narrative analysis, the study examines 53,441 news articles from 17 US, Mexican and Northern Triangle media outlets from 1999 to 2019, tracing and critiquing the shifts in coverage. Findings suggest that all three media systems generally align in their depiction of the scene, key agents and acts regarding migration; however, US narratives increasingly diverge from Northern Triangle and Mexican narratives regarding the purpose and instruments by which migration occurs, with US value claims narrowing over time emphasizing border security. This narrative trajectory within US media ignores migrants' determination and underlining rationales for migration, pushing them to take increasingly dangerous means to migrate to the USA and exacerbating the situation for all parties.
Lower serum cystatin C level predicts poor functional outcome in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage independent of renal function
Authors: Zhou Yongfang , Dong Wentao , Wang Likun , Ren Siying , Wei Weiqing , Wu Guofeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe explored the association between the serum level of cystatin C (CysC) at admission and short‐term functional outcome in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) without chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total of 555 patients with HICH were consecutively recruited after admission and were followed‐up for 3 months after admission. The primary outcome was poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≥ 3). The median serum CysC level in our cohort was 1.03 mg/L (interquartile range, .89–1.20). Patients were categorized into four groups according to the serum CysC quartiles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a negative association between serum CysC and poor functional outcome at 3‐month follow‐up (quartile [Q]1 vs. Q4: adjusted odds ratio [OR] = .260, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .098, .691, p < .001). The negative association between serum CysC and poor functional outcome at 3 months was more pronounced in subgroups with smaller hematoma volume (≤ 30 mL), and absence of secondary intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Addition of serum CysC to a model containing conventional risk factors improved the model performance with net reclassification index (NRI) of .426% (p < .001) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) of .043% (p < .001) for poor functional outcome. Serum CysC was found to be a negative predictor of poor short‐term functional outcome in HICH patients independent of renal function.
Rationale, Design, and Characteristics of the VALIANT (COVID‐19 in Older Adults: ALongitudinal Assessment) Cohort
Authors: Cohen Andrew B. , McAvay Gail J. , Geda Mary , Chattopadhyay Sumon , Lee Seohyuk , Acampora Denise , Araujo Katy , Charpentier Peter , Gill Thomas M. , Hajduk Alexandra M. , Ferrante Lauren E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMost older adults hospitalized with COVID‐19 survive their acute illness. The impact of COVID‐19 hospitalization on patient‐centered outcomes, including physical function, cognition, and symptoms, is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we collected longitudinal data about these issues from a cohort of older survivors of COVID‐19 hospitalization.MethodsWe undertook a prospective study of community‐living persons age ≥ 60 years who were hospitalized with COVID‐19 from June 2020–June 2021. A baseline interview was conducted during or up to 2 weeks after hospitalization. Follow‐up interviews occurred at one, three, and six months post‐discharge. Participants completed comprehensive assessments of physical and cognitive function, symptoms, and psychosocial factors. An abbreviated assessment could be performed with a proxy. Additional information was collected from the electronic health record.ResultsAmong 341 participants, the mean age was 71.4 (SD 8.4) years, 51% were women, and 37% were of Black race or Hispanic ethnicity. Median length of hospitalization was 8 (IQR 6–12) days. All but 4% of participants required supplemental oxygen, and 20% required care in an intensive care unit or stepdown unit. At enrollment, nearly half (47%) reported at least one preexisting disability in physical function, 45% demonstrated cognitive impairment, and 67% were pre‐frail or frail. Participants reported a mean of 9 of 14 (SD 3) COVID‐19‐related symptoms. At the six‐month follow‐up interview, more than a third of participants experienced a decline from their pre‐hospitalization function, nearly 20% had cognitive impairment, and burdensome symptoms remained highly prevalent.ConclusionsWe enrolled a diverse cohort of older adults hospitalized with COVID‐19 and followed them after discharge. Functional decline was common, and there were high rates of persistent cognitive impairment and symptoms. Future analyses of these data will advance our understanding of patient‐centered outcomes among older COVID‐19 survivors.
US clinicians' perspectives on advance care planning for persons with dementia: A qualitative study
Authors: Tjia Jennifer , D'Arcangelo Noah , Carlston Daniel , Bronzi Olivia , Gazarian Priscilla , Reich Amanda , Porteny Thalia , Gonzales Kristina , Perez Stephen , Weissman Joel S. , Ladin Keren 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough advance care planning (ACP) for persons with dementia (PWD) can promote patient‐centered care by aligning future healthcare with patient values, few PWD have documented ACPs for reasons incompletely understood. The objective of this paper is to characterize the perceived value of, barriers to, and successful strategies for completing ACP for PWD as reported by frontline clinicians.MethodsQualitative study using semi‐structured interviews (August 2018–December 2019) with clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, social workers) at 11 US health systems. Interviews asked clinicians about their approaches to ACP with PWDs, including how ACP was initiated, what was discussed, how carepartners were involved, how decision‐making was approached, and how decision‐making capacity was assessed.ResultsOf 75 participating generalist and specialty clinicians from across the United States, 61% reported conducting ACP with PWD, of whom 19% conducted ACP as early as possible with PWD. Three themes emerged: value of early ACP preserves PWD's autonomy in cases of differing PWD carepartner values, acute medical crises, and clinician paternalism; barriers to ACP with PWD including the dynamic and subjective assessment of patient decision‐making capacity, inconsistent awareness of cognitive impairment by clinicians, and the need to balance patient and family carepartner involvement; and strategies to support ACP include clarifying clinicians' roles in ACP, standardizing clinicians' approach to PWD and their carepartners, and making time for ACP and decision‐making assessments that allow PWD and carepartner involvement regardless of the patients' capacity.ConclusionsClinicians found early ACP for PWD valuable in promoting patient‐centered care among an at‐risk population. In sharing their perspectives on conducting ACP for PWD, clinicians described challenges that are amenable to changes in training, workflow, and material support for clinician time. Clinical practices need sustainable scheduling and financial support models.
Molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity and detoxification of trace metals and metalloids in plants
Authors: Tang Zhong , Wang Han‐Qing , Chen Jie , Chang Jia‐Dong , Zhao Fang‐Jie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlants take up a wide range of trace metals/metalloids (hereinafter referred to as trace metals) from the soil, some of which are essential but become toxic at high concentrations (e.g., Cu, Zn, Ni, Co), while others are non‐essential and toxic even at relatively low concentrations (e.g., As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg). Soil contamination of trace metals is an increasing problem worldwide due to intensifying human activities. Trace metal contamination can cause toxicity and growth inhibition in plants, as well as accumulation in the edible parts to levels that threatens food safety and human health. Understanding the mechanisms of trace metal toxicity and how plants respond to trace metal stress is important for improving plant growth and food safety in contaminated soils. The accumulation of excess trace metals in plants can cause oxidative stress, genotoxicity, programmed cell death, and disturbance in multiple physiological processes. Plants have evolved various strategies to detoxify trace metals through cell‐wall binding, complexation, vacuolar sequestration, efflux, and translocation. Multiple signal transduction pathways and regulatory responses are involved in plants challenged with trace metal stresses. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in trace metal toxicity, detoxification, and regulation, as well as strategies to enhance plant resistance to trace metal stresses and reduce toxic metal accumulation in food crops.
The clinico‐pathological characterisation of focal cortical dysplasia type IIb genetically defined by MTOR mosaicism
Authors: Wang Yajie , Yu Tao , Blümcke Ingmar , Cai Yanning , Sun Ke , Gao Runshi , Wang Yujiao , Fu Yongjuan , Wang Wei , Wang Yuping , Zhang Guojun , Piao Yueshan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsFocal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a major cause of drug‐resistant paediatric epilepsy and is amenable to successful neurosurgical resection. FCD ILAE Type IIb is the most common FCD subtype, and brain somatic mutations affecting the mTOR pathway play a major pathogenic role. The aim of this study was to comprehensively describe the genotype–phenotype association of 20 patients with histopathologically confirmed FCDIIb using next generation sequencing (NGS) of paired blood–brain samples.MethodsClinical and neuropathological data were retrospectively reviewed from the hospital archive. The NGS panel included 11 mTOR‐pathway‐related genes with maximum coverage of 2000×. The detected variants were validated by digital droplet PCR.ResultsPathogenic MTOR variants were identified in 10 patients (50%). Further comparison with MTOR‐wildtype FCDIIb suggested a profound genotype–phenotype association characterised by (1) a non‐temporal lobe lesion on MRI, (2) a larger lesion volume occupying grey and white matter (3.032 ± 1.859 cm3 vs 1.110 ± 0.856 cm3, p = 0.014), (3) more balloon cells (50.20 ± 14.40 BC/mm2 vs 31.64 ± 30.56 BC/mm2, p = 0.099) and dysmorphic neurons (48.72 ± 19.47DN/mm2 vs 15.28 ± 13.95DN/mm2, p = 0.000) and (4) a positive correlation between VAF and the lesion volume (r = 0.802, p = 0.017).ConclusionsOur study identified frequent MTOR mutations in the cell‐rich FCDIIb phenotype, clinically characterised by a non‐temporal location and large lesion volume. Comprehensive genotype–phenotype associations will help us further explore and define the broad spectrum of FCD lesions to make more targeted therapies available in the realm of epileptology.
Scheduling with present bias
Authors: Hall Nicholas G. , Liu Zhixin 
Published: December 2022

The study of time‐inconsistent decision‐making, in particular present bias, has greatly influenced the field of behavioral economics over the last two decades. Moreover, it has resulted in the design and implementation of widely used incentive schemes for various important applications. However, the effect of present bias on decision‐making for operational problems has been studied less. This work considers the effect of present bias in a simple scheduling system that requires decisions about project timing and sequencing. We design algorithms that enable optimization of revenue less cost under present bias for both naive and sophisticated (i.e., self‐aware) decision‐makers. We describe managerial insights about the relative performance of time‐consistent, naive, and sophisticated decision‐makers, and how to mitigate the effects of present bias. Both theoretical and computational results support these insights.