bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Testimony Gap: Machines and Reasons
Authors: Sparrow Robert , Flenady Gene 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Most people who have considered the matter have concluded that machines cannot be moral agents. Responsibility for acting on the outputs of machines must always rest with a human being. A key problem for the ethical use of AI, then, is to ensure that it does not block the attribution of responsibility to humans or lead to individuals being unfairly held responsible for things over which they had no control. This is the “responsibility gap”. In this paper, we argue that the claim that machines cannot be held responsible for their actions has unacknowledged implications for the conditions under which the outputs of AI can serve as reasons for belief. Following Robert Brandom, we argue that, because the assertion of a claim is an action, moral agency is a necessary condition for the giving and evaluating of reasons in discourse. Thus, the same considerations that suggest that machines cannot be held responsible for their actions suggest that they cannot be held to account for the epistemic value — or lack of value — of their outputs. If there is a responsibility gap, there is also a “testimony gap.” An under-recognised problem with the use of AI, then, is to ensure that it does not block the attribution of testimony to human beings or lead to individuals being held responsible for claims that they have not asserted. More generally, the “assertions” of machines are only capable of serving as justifications for belief or action where one or more people accept responsibility for them.
Spectral clustering analysis: discrimination of grass-herb roots and live-dead roots in VISNIR and SWIR regions
Authors: Baykalov Pavel , Bodner Gernot , Ostonen Ivika , Rewald Boris 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and aims
Hyperspectral imaging is becoming a key, high-throughput technique in plant research. However, its application to roots has not yet received sufficient attention. The aims of this study are to identify spectral features that distinguish fine roots from soil, non-woody roots of different species, and dead from living roots, and to identify appropriate analytical techniques.

Methods
Roots of Alopecurus pratensis (meadow foxtail) and Urtica dioica (nettle) and the rhizosphere were imaged in rhizoboxes in the wavelength range 400–1700 nm, covering both visible near- (VISNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) regions. Principal Component Analysis, K-means clustering, and Generalised Linear Model, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis, and Distributed Random Forest models were used to classify groups. Wavebands critical for classification were identified.

Results
Our results demonstrate the intricate nature of spectra clustering, highlighting the challenges in the VISNIR range and the promise of SWIR data for enhanced separability. While species differentiation is challenging, the determination of the living conditions of the roots is possible within the SWIR range. The analysis reveals the significance of specific spectral regions, notably those associated with water content and senescence, in distinguishing between living and dead roots. Water content regions (mainly 1245 nm and 1450 nm) were most important in discriminating between roots and soil.

Conclusions
This study highlights the potential of spectral analysis, particularly in the SWIR region, for distinguishing roots by species and vitality. Further efforts are needed to develop robust methods for mixed data sets containing roots of different species and degrees of vitality.

Graphical abstract
Experimental Political Theory: Behavioural, Careful, Radical
Authors: Floyd Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
On one level, the idea here is simple: organise people into small groups and see how they react to different ways of doing politics. On another, it is more challenging: evaluate different political principles by seeing how people behave when they have to work with them. Do they, for example, become more or less engaged as we alter the number of chairing roles, debates, and votes? Do they stick around longer in-person or online? Do they come back more or less often when key powers are distributed by lottery? There is then a focus here, not on the decisions participants make, as found in ‘X-Phi’ and deliberative-democracy experiments, but rather on the process by which they came to make those decisions. We want to know how they found that process as a way of doing politics. Or, more precisely, how they reacted to the institutions and in turn principles those processes represent, because, if we know that, we also know something fundamental about the value of those principles.
Exploring approaches to overcome challenges in adopting human resource analytics through stakeholder engagement
Authors: Alam Shafiq , Dong Zhan , Kularatne Indrapriya , Rashid Muhammad Salman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As modern enterprises increasingly turn to data-driven decision-making, human resource management (HRM) has also embraced the potential of human resource analytics (HRA) to optimize talent management and gain a competitive edge. However, adopting HRA in practice presents challenges across data governance, technical, and organizational domains. This systematic review, synthesizing insights from 110 studies, identifies key obstacles and practical strategies to address them. Recommendations include fostering a data-driven culture, enhancing training and development, and promoting team collaboration. By tackling these challenges, HR professionals can unlock the full potential of HRA, transforming HRM into a strategic driver of organizational success.
Event-Causal Libertarianism, Indeterministic Weightings, and the Pragmatic Approach
Authors: Caruso Gregg 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In his recent book, Free Will’s Value: Criminal Justice, Pride, and Love, John Lemos defends an event-causal libertarian account of free will and argues that the belief in such free will plays an important, if not essential, role in supporting certain vital values. This paper examines Lemos’ account, critically evaluating his event-causal libertarianism and his pragmatic justification of belief in such free will. It begins by examining the libertarian account of Robert Kane, since Lemos defends a modified version of it, and then moves on to Lemos’ own indeterministic weightings view. In the second half of the paper, I then critically examine Lemos’ pragmatic defense of libertarian free will. I argue that the libertarian accounts of Kane and Lemos both face insurmountable difficulties, and Lemos’ pragmatic defense of libertarianism is unconvincing.
Repair of Single-Crystal CMSX-4 Using the High Velocity Air Fuel Process
Authors: Létang M. , Björklund S. , Joshi S. , Sebold D. , Guillon O. , Vaßen R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Turbine blades in aircraft engines and land-based gas turbines are exposed to harsh environmental conditions that make them susceptible to degradation mechanisms, such as creep, oxidation, and fatigue damage. Therefore, research into effective repair methods is of high importance, especially for single crystal components, as they are cost-intensive to produce. The HVAF process is suitable for repair applications as it can produce dense layers with low oxygen content, which are essential for the repaired area. Additionally, the fine grain structure is advantageous for the subsequent directional recrystallization planned in future studies, aiming to transform the repair layer into a columnar or even single-crystal structure. This study focuses on applying CMSX-4 powder to single crystal substrates of similar composition using High Velocity Air Fuel Spraying (HVAF). Specifically, the effects of powder particle size, nozzle configuration, and various other process parameters, such as spray distance and carrier gas flow, on the characteristics of HVAF-deposited CMSX-4 were investigated. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Particle velocity and temperature measurements were performed to enhance comprehension of the process.
Improving Mechanical Properties and Grain Refinement Mechanism of a High-Speed Extruded Zn-Free Mg-5.2Al-0.37Mn (Mass%) Alloy Using Large Extrusion Ratio
Authors: Nakata T. , Ohkawa T. , Kanitani S. , Matsumoto Y. , Ogawa M. , Shimizu K. , Kamado S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A commercial Mg-5.2Al-0.37Mn alloy (mass%, AM50) alloy was extruded using different extrusion speeds (3.5 m/min and 8.7 m/min) and ratios (20 and 50). The effect of the extrusion conditions on the mechanical properties and microstructures were evaluated. When the extrusion ratio of 20 was used, the extrusion at the high speed of 8.7 m/min resulted in grain coarsening. The 0.2% proof stresses in tension and compression (TPS and CPS) decreased to 187 MPa and 137 MPa, respectively, causing a large anisotropy (CPS/TPS = 0.73). In contrast, using the extrusion ratio of 50 was effective in refining grain structures even after the extrusion at the high speed, which contributed to the TPS of 208 MPa, CPS of 171 MPa, and an improved anisotropy of CPS/TPS = 0.82. Finite element modeling revealed that the extrusion at the high speed resulted in a substantial increase in temperature, which led to coarsening of grain structures. However, the extrusion ratio of 50 was effective in introducing large plastic strain, and a large density of dislocations was introduced by an enhanced activity of pyramidal slip, contributing to a grain refinement despite a large increase in temperature.
Exsanguination from an arteriovenous dialysis fistula: accident, suicide or medical malpractice?
Authors: Schof S. , Hertzberg J. , Jahnke A. , Birngruber Christoph G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A female senior dialysis patient was found dead in her apartment, covered in blood. Bloodstains were observed in different rooms of the apartment. During the post-mortem examination on site, a small, roundish opening of the skin was observed on the flexor side of the upper arm, within a longitudinal scar, from which blood was draining. Throughout police investigation, the possibility of an accident, a suicidal act, or medical malpractice during dialysis care was considered. An autopsy was ordered for further clarification. The autopsy identified exsanguination from a fistula on the flexor side of the left upper arm as the cause of death. The fistula could be traced into an arteriovenous shunt vessel that had been created a long time ago for dialysis. Upon projection onto the shunt vessel, punctiform crusts with underlying hemorrhages in the subcutaneous fatty tissue were identified in the skin. Histological examinations of the fistula and its surrounding tissue revealed no evidence of vasculitis or perivascular inflammatory changes, but puncture sites of varying ages with connective tissue texture disruption of the vessel wall and the adjacent subcutaneous tissue. Forensic medical examination concluded that death was caused by bleeding from an arteriovenous dialysis shunt vessel as a complication of hemodialysis. This case illustrates the relevance of comprehensive forensic medical case processing as the basis for a well-founded assessment.
Document clustering with evolved multi-word search queries
Authors: Hirsch Laurence , Hirsch Robin , Ogunleye Bayode 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Text clustering holds significant value across various domains due to its ability to identify patterns and group related information. Current approaches which rely heavily on a computed similarity measure between documents are often limited in accuracy and interpretability. We present a novel approach to the problem based on a set of evolved search queries. Clusters are formed as the set of documents matched by a single search query in the set of queries. The queries are optimized to maximize the number of documents returned and to minimize the overlap between clusters (documents returned by more than one query). Where queries contain more than one word they are interpreted disjunctively. We have found it useful to assign one word to be the root and constrain the query construction such that the set of documents returned by any additional query words intersect with the set returned by the root word. Not all documents in a collection are returned by any of the search queries in a set, so once the search query evolution is completed a second stage is performed whereby a KNN algorithm is applied to assign all unassigned documents to their nearest cluster. We describe the method and present results using 8 text datasets comparing effectiveness with well-known existing algorithms. We note that as well as achieving the highest accuracy on these datasets the search query format provides the qualitative benefits of being interpretable and modifiable whilst providing a causal explanation of cluster construction.
Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Clinic Attendance Over Time Among People in Argentina Living with HIV and Lost to Care
Authors: Sued Omar , Rodriguez Violeta J. , Weiss Stephen M. , Alcaide Maria Luisa , Cecchini Diego , Cahn Pedro , Cassetti Isabel , Kaminsky Chloe J. , Jones Deborah L. ,   The COPA Study Group
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Although Argentina provides access to no cost HIV care, treatment adherence and retention in care remain suboptimal. This study aimed to explore factors associated with self-reported adherence and appointment attendance over time.

Method
Participants (N = 360) were people living with HIV (PLWH) that were lost to care (i.e., three missed pharmacy pickups in the last 6 months, or had not attended a physician visit in the last 12 months). Participants were recruited from seven HIV clinics in four urban centers in Argentina and re-engaged in care. Demographic variables, predictors, i.e., alcohol use, self-efficacy, motivation, patient-provider communication, insurance type (private/public), and outcomes, i.e., missed infectious disease (ID) specialist appointments, other missed clinic and lab appointments, and self-reported adherence were assessed over 2 years. A logistic regression and Poisson regression model within a generalized linear mixed model framework was used to analyze the association between predictors, treatment adherence outcomes, and interactions with time.

Results
Following re-engagement in care, increased alcohol use was associated with lower odds of antiretroviral therapy adherence over time, increased odds of missing ID specialist appointments, and missed clinic/lab appointments. Self-efficacy was associated with better medication adherence and fewer missed ID specialist appointments over time. Similarly, both motivation and patient/provider communication were associated with fewer missed ID specialist and clinic/lab appointments over time. Having private health insurance was also associated with less missed clinic/lab appointments.

Conclusion
Findings suggest alcohol use reduction interventions could improve treatment outcomes in this population. Additionally, interventions targeting patient-provider communication and patient self-efficacy and motivation may enhance retention following re-engagement in care.
Evaluation of Combined Use of Protein and Postbiotics Feed Supplements in Honey Beehives in Autumn and Spring
Authors: García-Vicente Eduardo J. , Benito-Murcia María , Martín María , Pérez Ana , Hermosilla Noelia , Alonso Juan Manuel , Risco David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Feed supplementation in beehives is a commonly necessary practice in beekeeping today, to address the many risks the honey bees face, mainly the climate change and times of food scarcity, agricultural pesticides, or pathogens such as Varroa destructor or Nosema ceranae. Protein supplements and postbiotics products have been evaluated in beehives feed, obtaining improvements of the strength and sanitary status, but they have not been tested in combination. In this study, two experiences have been carried out in autumn and spring to check the potential beneficial effect of this combination in the beehives. Two monitoring were carried out, before and after 1 month of the application of products, in order to assess the strength (number of bees, amount of brood, brood survival, and pollen/honey reserves) and sanitary status (V. destructor and N. ceranae infestation levels) of the colonies. Firstly, the results obtained in autumn experience showed a reduction of both pathogens in supplemented group. On the other hand, in spring, the combination of protein and postbiotics enhanced the brood survival and honey yield, and decreased the V. destructor infestation. Thus, the combined use of protein and postbiotics as feed supplements could be an important tool to improve the sanitary status after the cold season, and to increase the strength and production of beehives in spring, unifying the benefits of both supplements.
The Green Soft and Hard Talent Management and Social Sustainability: a Moderated Serial Mediation Model
Authors: Fasih Syeda Tayyaba , Zia Muhammad Qamar , Ellahi Rizwan Matloob , Mahmood Amir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The research meticulously explores the intricate dynamics of green talent management (GTM), social sustainability (SS), and the complex serial mediating roles of green competencies (GC) and employee engagement (EE). It also examines the moderation effects of a sustainable learning organization (SLO) and self-leadership (SL) within the context of the oil and gas industry in Pakistan, aiming to augment the conceptual and pragmatic comprehension of green talent management. Data were collected through time lagged and from multiple sources by HR professionals, environmental health and safety (EHS) managers, and directors or teams from HR departments and ESG departments in the oil and gas industry. Meanwhile, 314 participants completed the questionnaires. To validate the model suggesting the tested model has the relationship between green soft and hard talent management practices (GSHTM), green competencies (GC), and employee engagement, as well as the impact on social sustainability. Research evidence shows that green competencies make substantial contributions to the levels of engagement of the employees, which affects social sustainability. As has been asserted, sustainable learning organizations boost the linkage between green competencies and employee engagement, whereas self-leadership does not moderate. This research is the first empirical analysis that incorporates green competencies, EE, and social sustainability into the context of GTM practices in the oil and gas industry. Based on the social exchange theory, it provides a systematic investigation into the relationship between GTM and positive employee-related outcomes. Implementation issues as well as the theoretical, managerial, and policy implications of effective talent management for social sustainability in organizations are considered.
Bridging the Gap: Enhancing Prostate Cancer Survivorship and Advocacy Among Ethnically Diverse Black Men Through Community Town Halls
Authors: Ogunsanya Motolani E. , Kaninjing Ernest , DeForge Sara M. , Morton Daniel J. , Cole Perry , Beckford Patrick , Reese Donald , Mitchell Thomas , Montgomery Everett , Odeleye Roland , Miró-Rivera Erick Y. , Roberts Kaitlin , Neil Jordan M. , Alexander Adam C. , Funk-Lawler Rachel K. , Azizoddin Desiree , Roach Mack , Washington Samuel L. , Dwyer Kathleen , Young Mary Ellen , Odedina Folakemi T. , Kendzor Darla E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present findings from town hall meetings held with ethnically diverse Black prostate cancer (CaP) survivors in 2022 and 2023. Four town halls (total participants, N = 265) focused on diagnosis, treatment, psychosocial support, and overall survivorship. Moderated by a long-term CaP survivor, each session featured a panel that included medical providers (urologic oncologists and clinical psychologists), as well as CaP survivors of American, Caribbean, and African origin and their spouses. Surveys captured demographic data, clinical information, CaP-specific details (for survivors only), and perceptions of the town halls. The meetings highlighted three interrelated themesinfluencing decision-making: access to comprehensive information, the strength of support networks, and the availability of culturally competent care. These town halls revealed important educational and support opportunities for ethnically diverse Black men with CaP, promoting informed decision-making throughout the cancer journey and improving quality of life while reducing decisional regret during survivorship.
The Influence of the Collective Effect of Tooth–tooth Interaction on the Feeding Efficiency of Gastropods: A Biomimetic Approach
Authors: Krings Wencke , Riesel Tamina , Kaiser Thomas M. , Daasch Alexander , Schulz-Kornas Ellen , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The radula is a crucial adaptation for food-processing in molluscs. A deeper understanding of the interaction between the radula and the preferred food is lacking, complicating the inference of the precise ecological roles of radular structures. This study presents the first experimental set-up that allows to study the influence of the radular morphology, specifically the degree of tooth-tooth interlocking (so-called collective effect), on the feeding efficiency. For this purpose, physical 3D models of the teeth were designed using CAD software and 3D printing technique. The feeding efficiencies with models of different degree of interlocking were determined by tensile tests, pulling the models trough agar gels with different viscosities. The forces generated by the models and the masses of the removed gel fragments were determined. We found, that radular models with a high degree of tooth–tooth interlocking performed best as they were able to remove most agar. We additionally broke the teeth and determined, that the teeth with the highest degree of interlocking could resist to highest force. Overall, the study highlights the complex interplay between radular morphology and its ecological function, suggesting that even minor morphological alterations can significantly impact the efficiency and effectiveness of food gathering. Understanding these interactions cannot only shed light on the ecological adaptations of molluscs, but provide further insights into development of more effective grinding, scraping, and cleaning technical devices.
The significance of foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade openness: evidence from nine European economies
Authors: Yeboah Evans , Baffour Alexander Amo , Chibalamula Haggai Chibale , Atiso Francis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade openness on economic growth in nine European countries using World Bank data (1995–2021). The analysis employs the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to capture both short- and long-run dynamics. The findings indicate that FDI has a positive short-term effect but a negative long-term impact on economic growth. Similarly, trade openness stimulates growth in the short run but exerts a negative influence in the long run. Gross fixed capital formation has no immediate effect on GDP per capita but contributes positively in the long term. Granger causality tests reveal a unidirectional relationship from GDP per capita to both trade openness and gross fixed capital formation, while a bidirectional relationship exists between gross fixed capital formation and trade openness. These findings suggest the need for balanced policy measures to maximize the benefits of FDI and trade openness while mitigating long-term risks. Policymakers should focus on strengthening domestic industries, enhancing economic resilience, and implementing strategies to improve the absorptive capacity of FDI to optimize its long-run contributions to growth.