bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of simplified lung lesions scoring systems to inform future codes for routine meat inspection in pigs
Authors: Pessoa Joana , McAloon Conor , Boyle Laura , García Manzanilla Edgar , Norton Tomas , Rodrigues da Costa Maria 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Across the European Union (EU), efforts are being made to achieve modernisation and harmonisation of meat inspection (MI) code systems. Lung lesions were prioritised as important animal based measures at slaughter, but existing standardized protocols are difficult to implement for routine MI. This study aimed to compare the informative value and feasibility of simplified lung lesion scoring systems to inform future codes for routine post mortem MI.

Results
Data on lung lesions in finisher pigs were collected at slaughter targeting 83 Irish pig farms, with 201 batches assessed, comprising 31,655 pairs of lungs. Lungs were scored for cranioventral pulmonary consolidations (CVPC) and pleurisy lesions using detailed scoring systems, which were considered the gold standard. Using the data collected, scenarios for possible simplified scoring systems to record CVPC (n = 4) and pleurisy (n = 4) lesions were defined. The measurable outcomes were the prevalence and (if possible) severity scoring at batch level for CVPC and pleurisy. An arbitrary threshold was set to the upper quartile (i.e., the top 25% of batches with high prevalence/severity of CVPC or pleurisy, n = 50). Each pair of measurable outcomes was compared by calculating Spearman rank correlations and assessing if batches above the threshold for one measurable outcome were also above it for their pairwise comparison. All scenarios showed perfect agreement (k = 1) when compared among themselves and the gold standard for the prevalence of CVPC. The agreement among severity outcomes and the gold standard showed moderate to perfect agreement (k = [0.66, 1]). The changes in ranking were negligible for all measurable outcomes of pleurisy for scenarios 1, 2 and 3 when compared with the gold standard (rs ≥ 0.98), but these changes amounted to 50% for scenario 4.

Conclusions
The best simplified CVPC scoring system is to simply count the number of lung lobes affected excluding the intermediate lobe, which provides the best trade-off between value of information and feasibility, by incorporating information on CVPC prevalence and severity. While for pleurisy evaluation, scenario 3 is recommended. This simplified scoring system provides information on the prevalence of cranial and moderate and severe dorsocaudal pleurisy. Further validation of the scoring systems at slaughter and by private veterinarians and farmers is needed.
Factors and Barriers to Goals-of-Care Conversations for Patients With Cancer and Inpatient Mortality
Authors: Wheless Margaret , Lee Julie J. , Domenico Henry J. , Martin Barbara J. , Bennett Marc L. , Martin Sara F. , Berlin Jordan , Green Jennifer K. , Agarwal Rajiv 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE Conversations about personal values and goals of care (GOC) at the end of life are essential in caring for patients with advanced cancer. However, GOC conversations may be influenced by patient and oncologist factors during transitions of care. METHODS We electronically administered surveys to medical oncologists of inpatients who died from May 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021. Primary outcomes included oncologists' knowledge of inpatient death, anticipation of patient death, and recollection of GOC discussions. Secondary outcomes, including GOC documentation and advance directives (ADs), were collected retrospectively from electronic health records. Outcomes were analyzed for association with patient, oncologist, and patient-oncologist relationship factors. RESULTS For 75 patients who died, 104/158 (66%) surveys were completed by 40 inpatient and 64 outpatient oncologists. Eighty-one oncologists (77.9%) were aware of patients' deaths, 68 (65.4%) anticipated patients' deaths within 6 months, and 67 (64.4%) recalled having GOC discussions before or during the terminal hospitalization. Outpatient oncologists were more likely to report knowledge of patient death ( P < .001), as were those with longer therapeutic relationships ( P < .001). Inpatient oncologists were more likely to correctly anticipate patient death ( P = .014). Secondary outcomes revealed 21.3% of patients had documented GOC discussions before admission and 33.3% had ADs; patients with a longer duration of cancer diagnosis were more likely to have ADs ( P = .003). Oncologist-reported barriers to GOC included unrealistic expectations from patients or family (25%) and decreased patient participation because of clinical conditions (15%). CONCLUSION Most oncologists recalled having GOC discussions for patients with inpatient mortality, yet documentation of serious illness conversations remained suboptimal. Further studies are needed to examine barriers to GOC conversations and documentation during transitions of care and across health care settings.
Microrheology of haemolymph plasma of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris
Authors: Lechantre Amandine , Martinet Baptiste , Thévenet Véronique , Souramasing Oune-Saysavanh , Bico José , Abou Bérengère 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Viscosity, which impacts the rate of haemolymph circulation and heat transfer, is one of the transport properties that affects the performance of an insect. Measuring the viscosity of insect fluids is challenging because of the small amount available per specimen. Using particle tracking microrheology, which is well suited to characterise the rheology of the fluid part of the haemolymph, we studied the plasma viscosity in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. In a sealed geometry, the viscosity exhibits an Arrhenius dependence with temperature, with an activation energy comparable to that previously estimated in hornworm larvae. In an open to air geometry, it increases by 4–5 orders of magnitude during evaporation. Evaporation times are temperature dependent and longer than typical insect haemolymph coagulation times. Unlike standard bulk rheology, microrheology can be applied to even smaller insects, paving the way to characterise biological fluids such as pheromones, pad secretions or cuticular layers.
Development of Annulative Coupling and Aromatic Amination toward the Synthesis of Structurally New Aromatic Amines
Authors: Murakami Kei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aromatic amines are widely recognized as some of the most important scaffolds in various functional molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and materials. Two reactions have been developed to access structurally novel aromatic amines: 1) annulative coupling and 2) aromatic amination. This account summarizes the recent progress in these two reactions.
Skeletal discrepancies Part 3: assessment, aetiology and management of facial asymmetry
Authors: Padashi-Fard Melisa , Yin Mun Michelle Wong , Haworth Jennifer , Fowler Peter , Ireland Anthony J 
Published: June 2023

This is the third article in a three-part series considering skeletal discrepancies in the vertical and transverse dimensions. Significant discrepancies in the transverse dimension are relatively rare but present challenges for the orthodontist, in terms of treatment planning, management and relapse. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article aims to increase awareness of the assessment, aetiology and management of patients presenting with facial asymmetry.
Antibiotic prescribing for children referred to an emergency dental clinic during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Muhsin Hanean , Ondhia Amrisha , Patel Kunal , Muirhead Vanessa , Davies Janet 
Published: June 2023

Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, antibiotics for dental infections have been prescribed more frequently owing to reduced access to face-to-face appointments. Updated guidance emphasised antimicrobial prescribing for children. This study assessed whether the correct dose of antibiotics had been prescribed for children who were triaged by telephone at a dental emergency clinic in a London teaching hospital during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods Data were collected for a retrospective service evaluation from the case notes of children whose parents had contacted the triage telephone line between May and September 2020. A proforma was used to extract information including the type of antibiotics that had been prescribed, the prescriber and the dose. Results Of the 815 children who were triaged via the telephone emergency clinic, 229 (28%) had received antibiotics. Three-quarters (n = 175, 76%) had been prescribed amoxicillin. Half of these (n = 88, 50%) had been prescribed a lower than recommended dose of amoxicillin; all incorrect dosages were prescribed by dentists in primary care. Patients aged 5–11 years were most affected by this (65%). Conclusions Incorrect antibiotic dose prescribing is a likely contributor to antimicrobial resistance as these patients often required further antimicrobial treatment. Our service evaluation highlights the importance of prescribing in line with the latest guidelines and literature.
Joint RMSSA scheme and link load balancing for static SD-SCNs from model building to algorithm design
Authors: Yang Xin , Sun Qiang 
Published: June 2023

The spatial channel network (SCN) is a new optical network architecture that can support traffic requests from 100 Gb/s to 10 Tb/s and beyond. Software-defined networking (SDN) has superb management and control capabilities, making it easier to obtain network topology and link load information with it than with traditional networks. Combining the advantages of both, we propose a multi-plane SDN-based spatial channel network (SD-SCN) architecture and focus on solving the routing, modulation format, spatial lane, and spectrum block assignment (RMSSA) problem in static SD-SCNs. In this paper, we build a multi-plane network model of an SD-SCN, design the functional modules of each plane, and give the operation principle of the model. Furthermore, we formulate the RMSSA problem in the static SD-SCN model and propose a heuristic spatial lane and spectrum block minimization and load balancing (MLB2) algorithm to solve the problem. Also, we design an improved ant colony optimization (IACO) algorithm (the heuristic function and iteration criterion are optimized) to implement the routing path assignment function of the MLB2 algorithm. The simulation results show that the MLB2 algorithm can carry traffic requests with minimum network resources, and when the total traffic rate is high, the link load can be balanced by invoking the IACO algorithm to increase the network throughput. The MLB2 algorithm performs better in small-scale networks than in large-scale networks.
Patterns of Drug Use in Geriatric Patients at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Mohd Altaf Dar  , Mudasir Maqbool  , Irfat Ara  
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Geriatrics is a specialty of medicine that focuses on the health and well-being of the elderly. The elderly in India make up 12.8% of the world's total population. Elderly people sometimes have a wide range of health issues that necessitate the use of prescription medications to treat and avoid consequences. All other age groups use fewer drugs than the elderly do. The current study was done to determine the drug use patterns of elderly patients at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Jammu and Kashmir.
METHODS
This was a four-month-long study in a tertiary care hospital in Jammu and Kashmir that used a prospective and observational approach. The patient case records, patient/patient caretaker interview at the bedside, prescription charts, and lab results were used to gather pertinent patient data for the study. After getting the patient's/patient caretaker's permission, patients who met the eligibility requirements were enrolled.
RESULTS
For a total of four months, 120 patients were included in the research. Patients in this study ranged in the age groups of 60 to 70 years (55.73%), 71 to 80 years (25.83%), 81 to 90 years (10.83%), and more than 90 years (7.51 percent ). In this study, individuals with a wide range of illnesses were enrolled, including COPD (21 patients), hypertension (19 patients), diabetes (13 patients), IHD (9 patients), acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma (7 patients), jaundice (4 patients), and pulmonary tuberculosis (6 patients).
CONCLUSIONS
It was found that poly-pharmacy is linked to a variety of side effects and interactions with medications, including an increase in adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Drug interactions can be minimized if the prescribing physician receives assistance from a clinical pharmacist when designing a treatment plan.
Evaluation of the Effect of the Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure Measurement on Postoperative Sore Throat
Authors: Hussein Talib Mohsin  , Mustafa Mohammed Salih  , Ali Ridha Hassoon  
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Following general anaesthesia, up to 62% of patients experience postoperative sore throat. Despite the fact that it resolves on its own, efforts must be made to reduce it. We wanted to evaluate the difference between conventional method and instrumental measurement of cuff pressure in incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat in this study.
METHODS
A prospective observational study that included 150 adult patients aged < 50 years scheduled for elective surgical operation requiring general anaesthesia and endotracheal intubation. They were divided randomly into two groups: Group A included 75 patients and the adequacy of cuff inflation was generally assessed clinically and group B included 75 patients and the adequacy of cuff inflation was generally assessed by using a cuff manometer.
RESULTS
Incidence of postoperative sore throat in all times was significantly lower in Group B than in Group A. Prevalence of mild postoperative sore throat after one hr. was significantly higher in group B than that in group A (94.1% versus 61.4%, P= 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Impaired tracheal mucosal blood flow was an important factor in the incidence of postoperative sore throat associated with tracheal intubation and recommended that a cuff inflation pressure of 30 cmH2O should not be exceeded.
A comparative study on the mechanical properties of African teff and snake grass fiber-reinforced hybrid composites: effect of bio castor seed shell/glass/SiC fillers
Authors: Manickaraj K. , Ramamoorthi R. , Sathish S. , Johnson Santhosh A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The environmental awareness and sustainable nature of plant-based fibers have forced material researchers and automakers to use natural fibers instead of petroleum-based fibers for various industrial applications. The need for environmentally and biodegradable fibers has created a demand in the transportation industry. In this study, bio castor seed shell (C), glass fiber (G), and SiC (SC) fillers in a constant weight fraction (10 %) were reinforced separately with varying weight fractions (5–25 %) of African teff and snake grass fibers to improve the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites. Both African teff and snake grass fibers were subjected to alkaline treatment to remove amorphous elements such as hemicellulose, lignin, and wax, resulting in high surface roughness. The hybrid composites were fabricated by the compression molding technique and their mechanical properties were characterized as per ASTM standards. The fractured surface of the treated fiber was examined by scanning electron microscopy. From the results, it was found that SC10SG20AT showed maximum mechanical properties compared to C10SG20AT and G10SG20AT due to higher load-bearing capacity of SiC filler. Therefore, SC10SG20AT can be recommended for lightweight applications.
Provable security against generic attacks on stream ciphers
Authors: Moch Alexander 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent lightweight hardware-based stream cipher designs keep an external non-volatile internal state that is not part of the cipher’s hardware module. The purpose of these so-called small-state ciphers is to keep the size of the hardware and the power consumption low. We propose a random oracle model for stream ciphers. This will allow us to analyse the recent small-state stream cipher designs’ resistance against generic attacks and, in particular, time-memory-data tradeoff attacks. We analyse the conventional construction underlying stream ciphers like Grain and Trivium, constructions continuously using the external non-volatile secret key during keystream generation like Sprout, Plantlet, Fruit, and Atom, constructions continuously using the external non-volatile IV, and constructions using a combination of the IV and the key like DRACO. We show the tightness of all bounds by first presenting the time-memory-data tradeoff attacks on the respective constructions, establishing the upper bound on security, and then presenting the proof of security to establish the lower bound on security. In this work, we extend the theoretical work done by Hamann et al. who introduced the DRACO stream cipher at FSE 2023. We use the same random oracle model as the aforementioned work and apply it to the earlier work by Hamann et al. presented at SAC 2019, which showed security for two of the four constructions we consider in this work. Our model is equivalent but allows for a much simpler proof of security. Furthermore, we provide a proof of security for stream ciphers continuously using the secret key during keystream generation, giving upper and lower bounds for all four generic stream cipher constructions proposed so far.
Numerical investigation of ice crystal melting characteristic and icing risk in an axial compressor
Authors: Jia Wei , Yang Bowen , Zheng Miao , Kong Qingguo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The ingestion of ice crystals in aero-engine will cause engine surge, flameout, thrust loss, and even in-flight shutdown in the extreme cases, which seriously endanger the flight safety. In order to quantitatively investigate the ice crystal melting characteristic in the compressor, a method based on the compressor mean line flow was developed and validated. Results showed that the wet-bulb temperature increases as the temperature offset increases. The increase in temperature offset or decrease in particle size result in earlier or faster melting of the ice crystals in the low-pressure compressor. The rate of increase in melting ratio decreases with the increase of ice water content at the descent condition. The ambient temperature and ice crystal property are both the important factors affecting the icing risk in the compressor. Higher ambient temperature, smaller particle size or higher ice water content can increase the icing risk in the low-pressure compressor.
Development of Google Sites-based Multiple Representations Learning Media on Benzene and Its Derivatives Topic
Authors: Wiguna Muhammad Anarda , Zamhari Muhammad 
Published: June 2023

COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the transformation of education and forced the digitalization of education to create effective learning. The understanding of complex chemical structures and reactions holds great significance in the realm of chemistry education. Benzene and its derivatives are particularly challenging topics that require a robust representation approach. The research aims to develop and assess the feasibility of Google Sites-based multiple representations learning media on benzene and its derivatives material. The research utilized the Research and Development (R&D) approach, adhering to the ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) development model. The research was carried out until the development stage. The developed learning media effectively integrated three levels of chemical representation for benzene and its derivatives, utilizing various features such as text, animation, video, 3D molecular simulation, and images. The validation conducted by content and media experts indicated that the learning media is valid with scores of 95.8% and 92.5%, respectively, with excellent category. Furthermore, the product quality assessment conducted by experts and students' responses showed that media could be used practically, with percentages of 95% and 95% as excellent categories. These findings confirm the suitability of the developed learning media for facilitating students' understanding of benzene and its derivatives during the learning process.
Numerical simulation of springback and twisting of stamped thin U-shaped copper alloy sheets with a change of the blank alignment
Authors: Ha Giap Xuan 
Published: June 2023

An experimental database of springback and twisting of U-shaped elongated structures is available from a previous study. The materials are copper alloys: pure Cu, CuBe2, and CuFe2P, provided in thin sheets of thickness around 0.1 mm. After deep-drawing of rectangular blanks, which can be aligned with the tools or slightly misaligned, and tool withdrawal, the U-shaped structure exhibits an opening of the section (2D springback) and twisting (3D springback). Characteristic features of the deformed geometry are significantly different for the three alloys. This study is directed to understand the origin of that difference with a numerical simulation of the process. The mechanical behaviour of the materials was investigated in tension and hydraulic bulge test, out of comparison’s sake and to derive the hardening law over a strain range representative of the process. Finite element simulations are performed using the von Mises criterion coupled with isotropic hardening, to compare the predicted forming load and springback parameters with experimental values.
SERUM VITAMIN D IN PATIENTS WITH BENIGN, PRIMARY MALIGNANT AND METASTATIC BONE TUMORS
Authors: Drobotun Oleg , Ternovy Мykola , Kolotilov Мykola 
Published: June 2023

Participant in the process of normal bone remodeling is vitamin D, which, in addition, has antiinflammatory (anti-cytokine), anti-proliferative and anti-tumor effects. Objective of the study is to assess the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration in blood serum before the start of treatment in patients with benign, primary malignant and metastatic bone tumors, taking into account polymorbidity. Materials and methods. The following patients were included in the study: 21 patients with benign pelvic bone tumors; 52 patients with malignant tumors of the bones of the pelvis and lower limbs; 52 patients with metastatic tumors of the bones of the pelvis and lower limbs. The control group consisted of 22 practically healthy volunteers without chronic diseases. The content of vitamin D was determined by the immunochemiluminescence method. The results. The content of vitamin D in blood serum in patients with benign bone tumors is in the range from 22.4 to 29.6 ng/ml, with primary malignant tumors — from 7.8 to 15.9 ng/ml, with metastatic ones — from 13.8 to 15.5 ng/ml. There are no statistically significant differences between the histotypes of primary malignant bone tumors (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Polymorbidity statistically significantly increases vitamin D deficiency in patients with osteogenic sarcoma and patients with metastatic bone tumors (p < 0.05). According to the national classification of vitamin D content, patients with benign bone tumors have a suboptimal level of vitamin D, while patients with primary malignant and metastatic bone tumors have vitamin D deficiency.