bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in advanced endometrial carcinoma after surgery: a retrospective analysis of the SEER Database
Authors: Zheng Chunqin , Chen Weiqiang , Zheng Zhixiang , Liang Xiaoling , Xu Xiuxia , Fang Danmei , Ma Ruijun , Fan Fufang , Ni Yanhong , Zhang Peili , Wu Xuanhua 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to construct and validate a prognostic nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) after surgery in patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma (EC).DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database contains cancer incidence and survival data from population-based cancer registries in the USA. A total of 5445 patients from the SEER Database diagnosed with advanced EC between 2004 and 2015 were included and randomised 7:3 into a training cohort (n=3812) and a validation cohort (n=1633).Outcome measureCSS.ResultsThe nomograms for CSS included 10 variables (positive regional nodes, age, tumour size, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, grade, ethnicity, income, radiation, chemotherapy and historical stage) based on the forward stepwise regression results. They revealed discrimination and calibration using the concordance index (C-index) and area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve, with a C-index value of 0.7324 (95% CI=0.7181 to 0.7468) and 0.7511 (95% CI=0.7301 to 0.7722) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Using calibration plots, a high degree of conformance was shown between the predicted and observed results. Additionally, a comparison of the nomogram and FIGO staging based on changes in the C-index, net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement demonstrated that the nomogram had better accuracy and efficacy.ConclusionsWe successfully constructed an accurate and effective nomogram to predict CSS in patients with advanced EC, which may help clinicians determine optimal individualised treatment strategies for patients with advanced EC. The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated thoroughly, but only internally. Therefore, further validation using different data sources is warranted in future related studies.
Plasma type I collagen α1 chain in relation to coronary artery disease: findings from a prospective population-based cohort and an acute myocardial infarction prospective cohort in Sweden
Authors: Hammaréus Filip , Nilsson Lennart , Ong Kwok-Leung , Kristenson Margareta , Festin Karin , Lundberg Anna K , Chung Rosanna W S , Swahn Eva , Alfredsson Joakim , Holm Nielsen Signe , Jonasson Lena 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between type I collagen α1 chain (COL1α1) levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) by using absolute quantification in plasma. Also, to investigate the correlates of COL1α1 to clinical characteristics and circulating markers of collagen metabolism.DesignLife conditions, Stress and Health (LSH) study: prospective cohort study, here with a nested case–control design.Assessing Platelet Activity in Coronary Heart Disease (APACHE) study: prospective cohort study.SettingLSH: primary care setting, southeast Sweden.APACHE: cardiology department, university hospital, southeast Sweden.ParticipantsLSH: 1007 randomly recruited individuals aged 45–69 (50% women). Exclusion criteria was serious disease. After 13 years of follow-up, 86 cases with primary endpoint were identified and sex-matched/age-matched to 184 controls.APACHE: 125 patients with myocardial infarction (MI), 73 with ST-elevation MI and 52 with non-ST-elevation MI. Exclusion criteria: Intervention study participation, warfarin treatment and short life expectancy.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was the association between baseline COL1α1 and first-time major event of CAD, defined as fatal/non-fatal MI or coronary revascularisation after 13 years. Secondary outcomes were the association between the collagen biomarkers PRO-C1 (N-terminal pro-peptide of type I collagen)/C1M (matrix metalloproteinase-mediated degradation of type I collagen) and CAD; temporal change of COL1α1 after acute MI up to 6 months and lastly, correlates between COL1α1 and patient characteristics along with circulating markers of collagen metabolism.ResultsCOL1α1 levels were associated with CAD, both unadjusted (HR=0.69, 95% CI=0.56 to 0.87) and adjusted (HR=0.55, 95% CI=0.41 to 0.75). PRO-C1 was associated with CAD, unadjusted (HR=0.62, 95% CI=0.47 to 0.82) and adjusted (HR=0.61, 95% CI=0.43 to 0.86), while C1M was not. In patients with MI, COL1α1 remained unchanged up to 6 months. COL1α1 was correlated to PRO-C1, but not to C1M.ConclusionsPlasma COL1α1 was independently and inversely associated with CAD. Furthermore, COL1α1 appeared to reflect collagen synthesis but not degradation. Future studies are needed to confirm whether COL1α1 is a clinically useful biomarker of CAD.
Sensitivity and specificity of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, PHQ-8, PHQ-2) and General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7, GAD-2) for depression and anxiety diagnosis: a cross-sectional study in a Peruvian hospital population
Authors: Villarreal-Zegarra David , Barrera-Begazo Juan , Otazú-Alfaro Sharlyn , Mayo-Puchoc Nikol , Bazo-Alvarez Juan Carlos , Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD) are widely used screening tools, but their sensitivity and specificity in low-income and middle-income countries are lower than in high-income countries. We conducted a study to determine the sensitivity and specificity of different versions of these scales in a Peruvian hospital population.DesignOur study has a cross-sectional design.SettingOur participants are hospitalised patients in a Peruvian hospital. The gold standard was a clinical psychiatric interview following ICD-10 criteria for depression (F32.0, F32.1, F32.2 and F32.3) and anxiety (F41.0 and F41.1).ParticipantsThe sample included 1347 participants. A total of 334 participants (24.8%) were diagnosed with depression, and 28 participants (2.1%) were diagnosed with anxiety.ResultsThe PHQ-9’s≥7 cut-off point showed the highest simultaneous sensitivity and specificity when contrasted against a psychiatric diagnosis of depression. For a similar contrast against the gold standard, the other optimal cut-off points were: ≥7 for the PHQ-8 and ≥2 for the PHQ-2. In particular, the cut-off point ≥8 had good performance for GAD-7 with sensitivity and specificity, and cut-off point ≥10 had lower levels of sensitivity, but higher levels of specificity, compared with the cut-off point of ≥8. Also, we present the sensitivity and specificity values of each cut-off point in PHQ-9, PHQ-8, PHQ-2, GAD-7 and GAD-2. We confirmed the adequacy of a one-dimensional model for the PHQ-9, PHQ-8 and GAD-7, while all PHQ and GAD scales showed good reliability.ConclusionsThe PHQ and GAD have adequate measurement properties in their different versions. We present specific cut-offs for each version.
Comparative evaluation of 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing in the diagnosis and understanding of bacterial endophthalmitis
Authors: Asao Kazunobu , Hashida Noriyasu , Maruyama Kazuichi , Motooka Daisuke , Tsukamoto Teruhisa , Usui Yoshihiko , Nakamura Shota , Nishida Kohji 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of metagenomic analysis in the search for causative organisms of bacterial endophthalmitis.Methods and analysisTwenty-one consecutive treatment-naïve patients (13 men and 8 women; mean age, 60.8±19.8 years) with suspected endophthalmitis were recruited. Vitrectomy was performed to diagnose and treat endophthalmitis. Bacterial culture and metagenomic analysis of the vitreous body were performed. Extracted DNA was analysed using 16S rRNA sequences, and libraries were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq sequencer. To compare the bacterial composition in each case, α and β diversities were determined.ResultsPatients were categorised into three groups: endophthalmitis cases with matching predominant organisms according to metagenomic analysis and bacterial culture, those with negative results for bacterial culture and those with negative results in both cases. In 7 of 15 culture-negative cases, results from metagenomic analysis could detect pathogens. The diversity of bacterial populations was significantly lower in the group with positive results for predominant bacteria according to culture and metagenomic analysis. All patients with uveitis were included in the group for which the causative pathogen could not be determined by culture or metagenomic analysis. The structures of bacterial populations significantly differed between the positive and negative groups by culture and metagenomic analysis.ConclusionsMetagenomic analysis could be useful for prompt detection of causative pathogens, for precise diagnosis of infection, and as a marker of inflammation processes such as uveitis.
Tobacco industry corporate social responsibility activities and other interference after ratification of a strong tobacco law in Ethiopia
Authors: Mengesha Sisay Derso , Brolan Claire , Gartner Coral E 
Published: September 2023

Background
Since strict new tobacco control laws were introduced in 2019 and 2020, the National Tobacco Enterprise (NTE), the main manufacturer and distributor of cigarettes in Ethiopia, strategically engaged in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and other tactics to interfere in tobacco control policymaking. This study systematically identified and reviewed tobacco industry activities that undermine Ethiopia’s strict new tobacco control laws.

Methods
We collated, reviewed and analysed evidence on tobacco industry CSR activities from February 2019 to November 2022 in Ethiopia, including newspapers, organisational websites, social media and government documents related to tobacco industry activities, contract agreements and other policy interference attempts.

Results
NTE’s CSR activities included: (1) Funding educational programmes (eg, postgraduate scholarships); (2) Community service (eg, donating COVID-19 prevention materials, providing water, sanitation and hygiene supplies); and (3) Supporting government programmes (eg, greening initiatives and training programmes). NTE facilitated CSR activities via a contract agreement with the Ethiopian government that was created when Japan Tobacco International purchased the Government’s majority share in NTE. NTE subsequently partnered with the Japanese Embassy in Addis Ababa and private law firms on CSR activities. The tobacco control community stopped NTE distributing free COVID-19 prevention products in Addis Ababa but had limited impact on other identified breaches of laws prohibiting tobacco advertising promotion and sponsorship.

Conclusion
The new laws have not stopped NTE using multiple CSR activities to interfere in tobacco control policy. Regular monitoring of tobacco industry CSR activities to identify potential breaches is recommended. Moreover, the Ethiopian government should revise its contractual agreement with NTE to end NTE’s participation in law-making processes and partnerships on illicit tobacco control.
Differential susceptibility of Iowa waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) populations to 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate
Authors: Hamberg Ryan C. , Yadav Ramawatar , Owen Micheal D.K. , Licht Mark A. 
Published: September 2023

Multiple herbicide-resistant waterhemp ( Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer) has limited herbicide options for Iowa row crop production. Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars and corn ( Zea mays L.) hybrids resistant to 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate have provided more herbicide options for waterhemp management. A probability-based survey of Iowa fields was conducted in fall 2019 wherein waterhemp seeds were collected and their susceptibility to 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate was determined. The average survival of all populations treated with 1× 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate was 17%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. Seven percent of treated populations exhibited ≥50% survival to 1× rates of 2,4-D.
Thought experiments in electromagnetic theory and the ordinary Hall effect
Authors: Mareš Jiří J. , Špička Václav , Hubík Pavel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThought experiments are effective tools of theoretical physics, and historically they have led to the discovery of many useful ideas and relations. Yet they also give rise to paradoxes that persist for long periods of time despite enormous efforts to resolve them. A problem par excellence, one that falls within the realm of classical electrodynamics and has been investigated exclusively by means of thought experiments, is the famous problem of hidden momentum. It concerns the conversion of the electromagnetic momentum generated by static electromagnetic fields into momentum of a non-electromagnetic nature and the resulting momentum balance. As a rule, this effect, which takes place in ponderable systems, is very subtle, of the order of $$\sim$$
∼
1/c2; thus, until now it has only been studied theoretically and has never been demonstrated experimentally. The main subject of this paper is the analysis of a robust and experimentally well-established phenomenon operating in static electromagnetic fields—the ordinary Hall effect—which has been interpreted anew in terms of the Poynting vector and proven to be sufficiently sensitive for direct comparison with typical quantitative estimates encountered in the hidden momentum problem. Confrontation of hypothetical models with a real experiment enables us to formulate the general conditions and rules that should be observed when designing thought experiments in classical electrodynamics.
Disruption of Anterior Temporal Lobe Reduces Distortions in Memory From Category Knowledge
Authors: Tompary Alexa , Xia Alice , Coslett Branch H. , Thompson-Schill Sharon L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMemory retrieval does not provide a perfect recapitulation of past events, but instead an imperfect reconstruction of event-specific details and general knowledge. However, it remains unclear whether this reconstruction relies on mixtures of signals from different memory systems, including one supporting general knowledge. Here, we investigate whether the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) distorts new memories because of prior category knowledge. In this preregistered experiment (n = 36), participants encoded and retrieved image–location associations. Most images' locations were clustered according to their category, but some were in random locations. With this protocol, we previously demonstrated that randomly located images were retrieved closer to their category cluster relative to their encoded locations, suggesting an influence of category knowledge. We combined this procedure with TMS delivered to the left ATL before retrieval. We separately examined event-specific details (error) and category knowledge (bias) to identify distinct signals attributable to different memory systems. We found that TMS to ATL attenuated bias in location memory, but this effect was limited to exploratory analyses of atypical category members of animal categories. The magnitude of error was not impacted, suggesting that a memory's fidelity can be decoupled from its distortion by category knowledge. This raises the intriguing possibility that retrieval is jointly supported by separable memory systems.
Cleaning up the Brickyard: How Theory and Methodology Shape Experiments in Cognitive Neuroscience of Language
Authors: van der Burght Constantijn L. , Friederici Angela D. , Maran Matteo , Papitto Giorgio , Pyatigorskaya Elena , Schroën Joëlle A. M. , Trettenbrein Patrick C. , Zaccarella Emiliano 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The capacity for language is a defining property of our species, yet despite decades of research, evidence on its neural basis is still mixed and a generalized consensus is difficult to achieve. We suggest that this is partly caused by researchers defining “language” in different ways, with focus on a wide range of phenomena, properties, and levels of investigation. Accordingly, there is very little agreement among cognitive neuroscientists of language on the operationalization of fundamental concepts to be investigated in neuroscientific experiments. Here, we review chains of derivation in the cognitive neuroscience of language, focusing on how the hypothesis under consideration is defined by a combination of theoretical and methodological assumptions. We first attempt to disentangle the complex relationship between linguistics, psychology, and neuroscience in the field. Next, we focus on how conclusions that can be drawn from any experiment are inherently constrained by auxiliary assumptions, both theoretical and methodological, on which the validity of conclusions drawn rests. These issues are discussed in the context of classical experimental manipulations as well as study designs that employ novel approaches such as naturalistic stimuli and computational modeling. We conclude by proposing that a highly interdisciplinary field such as the cognitive neuroscience of language requires researchers to form explicit statements concerning the theoretical definitions, methodological choices, and other constraining factors involved in their work.
Functional and structural connectivity success predictors of real-time fMRI neurofeedback targeting DLPFC: Contributions from central executive, salience, and default mode networks
Authors: Pereira Daniela Jardim , Pereira João , Sayal Alexandre , Morais Sofia , Macedo António , Direito Bruno , Castelo-Branco Miguel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback (NF), a training method for the self-regulation of brain activity, has shown promising results as a neurorehabilitation tool, depending on the ability of the patient to succeed in neuromodulation. This study explores connectivity-based structural and functional success predictors in an NF n-back working memory paradigm targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We established as the NF success metric the linear trend on the ability to modulate the target region during NF runs and performed a linear regression model considering structural and functional connectivity (intrinsic and seed-based) metrics. We found a positive correlation between NF success and the default mode network (DMN) intrinsic functional connectivity and a negative correlation with the DLPFC-precuneus connectivity during the 2-back condition, indicating that success is associated with larger uncoupling between DMN and the executive network. Regarding structural connectivity, the salience network emerges as the main contributor to success. Both functional and structural classification models showed good performance with 77% and 86% accuracy, respectively. Dynamic switching between DMN, salience network and central executive network seems to be the key for neurofeedback success, independently indicated by functional connectivity on the localizer run and structural connectivity data.
Numbers 4:20 and Non-Priestly Viewing of the Holy Vessels in the Second Temple Period
Authors: Orian Matan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In discussing the dismantling and transport of the tabernacle and its furnishings, Numbers 4:20 prohibits any viewing of the “holy,” except by Aaron, the priest, and his sons. Philo of Alexandria, as well as several modern scholars, read this as a prohibition on any non-priestly viewing of the sacred, Jewish cultic vessels, including the menorah, the shewbread table and the incense altar. Accordingly, a dominant view in research holds that during the Second Temple period these cultic utensils were concealed from the sight of non-priests. However, this view partly overlooks and partly misinterprets our main source in that respect: Josephus indicates that the Jewish holy vessels were actually displayed to the Jewish crowd gathered in the temple court during the Second Temple period. This is supported by the images on certain Hasmonean coins as well as by later texts, such as P.Oxy. 840 and rabbinic literature.
Evaluation of the RainFARM Statistical Downscaling Technique Applied to IMERG over Global Oceans Using Passive Aquatic Listener In Situ Rain Measurements
Authors: Bytheway Janice L. , Thompson Elizabeth J. , Yang Jie , Chen Haonan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
High-resolution oceanic precipitation estimates are needed to increase our understanding of and ability to monitor ocean–atmosphere coupled processes. Satellite multisensor precipitation products such as IMERG provide global precipitation estimates at relatively high resolution (0.1°, 30 min), but the resolution at which IMERG precipitation estimates are considered reliable is coarser than the nominal resolution of the product itself. In this study, we examine the ability of the Rainfall Autoregressive Model (RainFARM) statistical downscaling technique to produce ensembles of precipitation fields at relatively high spatial and temporal resolution when applied to spatially and temporally coarsened precipitation fields from IMERG. The downscaled precipitation ensembles are evaluated against in situ oceanic rain-rate observations collected by passive aquatic listeners (PALs) in 11 different ocean domains. We also evaluate IMERG coarsened to the same resolution as the downscaled fields to determine whether the process of coarsening then downscaling improves precipitation estimates more than averaging IMERG to coarser resolution only. Evaluations were performed on individual months, seasons, by ENSO phase, and based on precipitation characteristics. Results were inconsistent, with downscaling improving precipitation estimates in some domains and time periods and producing worse performance in others. While the results imply that the performance of the downscaled precipitation estimates is related to precipitation characteristics, it is still unclear what characteristics or combinations thereof lead to the most improvement or consistent improvement when applying RainFARM to IMERG.
Changes in Mature Human Milk Macronutrient Composition over 45 years in an Urban Population in Indonesia
Authors: Nurani Neti , Wibowo Tunjung , Susilowati Rina , Hastuti Janatin , Haksari Ekawaty Lutfia , Julia Madarina , Van Weissenbruch Mirjam 
Published: September 2023

Background: With improvement in a population’s welfare, its food consumption patterns may change, including those of nursing mothers. This, in turn, could influence their human milk composition. Research Aim: To investigate the secular trend in macronutrient composition of mature human milk from mothers of healthy, full-term infants in urban populations in Indonesia from 1974 and 2019. Method: We compared the macronutrient composition of mature human milk of healthy full-term infants from 1974 and 2019. The data from 2019 used the Human Milk Analyzer MIRIS to quantify the milk’s carbohydrate, fat, and protein content, while the historical data used methods available at that time, that is, methods described by Benedict, Gerber and Kjeldahl, respectively. Results: There were no significant differences in carbohydrate, protein and fat content across categories of maternal nutritional status in the respective periods. However, the fat content of human milk from 2019 was significantly higher than that of 1974 (4.7 g/dl, SD = 1.7 g/dl vs. 3.3 g/dl, SD = 1.1 g/dl; p < 0.001), while its carbohydrate content was significantly lower (6.2 g/dl, SD = 2.1 g/dl vs. 7.1 g/dl, SD = 0.2 g/dl; p < 0.001). There was no difference in the protein content between the two periods (1.4 g/dl, SD = 0.5 g/dl vs. 1.6 g/dl, SD = 0.3 g/dl; p = 0.491). Conclusion: The mature human milk from 2019 has a higher fat and total energy content but lower carbohydrate content than those observed 4 decades ago. The protein content remained the same.