bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the structures of new scalar resonances

Tcs0a(2900)++

and

Tcs0a(2900)0
Authors: Agaev S S , Azizi K , Sundu H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigate properties of the new scalar resonances

T

cs
0

a

(
2900
)

++

and

T

cs
0

a

(
2900
)

0

, which were recently reported by the LHCb collaboration. These states were observed as resonant structures in

D

s

+

π

+

and

D

s

+

π

−

invariant mass distributions in B
+ meson decays. We argue that

T

cs
0

a

(
2900
)

++

and

T

cs
0

a

(
2900
)

0

may be modeled as molecules



++

=

D

s

∗
+

ρ

+

and



0

=

D

s

∗
+

ρ

−

of conventional vector mesons, respectively. The mass m and current coupling f of the molecule



++

are calculated using a two-point sum rule method. The sum rule analysis is performed by taking into account vacuum condensates up to dimension 8. The obtained result for the mass, m = (2917 ± 135) MeV, permits us to consider the molecule



++

as one of the possible models of the resonance

T

cs
0

a

(
2900
)

++

. Because the second structure

T

cs
0

a

(
2900
)

0

is isospin partner of the doubly charged state, it should have a mass close to m.
How to derive a predictive field theory for active Brownian particles: a step-by-step tutorial
Authors: Vrugt Michael te , Bickmann Jens , Wittkowski Raphael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study of active soft matter has developed into one of the most rapidly growing areas of physics. Field theories, which can be developed either via phenomenological considerations or by coarse-graining of a microscopic model, are a very useful tool for understanding active systems. Here, we provide a detailed review of a particular coarse-graining procedure, theinteraction-expansion method(IEM). The IEM allows for the systematic microscopic derivation of predictive field theories for systems of interacting active particles. We explain in detail how it can be used for a microscopic derivation of active model B+, which is a widely used scalar active matter model. Extensions and possible future applications are also discussed.
In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 on SiO
x
/Si: Interface dipole and persistent surface groups
Authors: Li Jinxiong , Zhao Ran , Wang Xinwei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has become an essential technology in many areas. To better develop and use this technology, it is of the pivot to understand the surface chemistry during the ALD film growth. The growth of an ALD oxide film may also induce an electric dipole at the interface, which may be further tuned to modulate the flat band voltage for electronic device applications. To understand the associated surface chemistry and interface dipole formation process, we herein employ an in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique to study the ALD growth of Al2O3, from trimethylaluminum and H2O, on the SiO
x
/Si surface. We find that an electric dipole is formed at the Al2O3/SiO
x
interface immediately after the first Al2O3 layer is deposited. We also observe persistent surface methyl groups in the H2O half-cycle during ALD, and the amount of the persistent methyls is particularly higher during the initial Al2O3 ALD growth, which suggests the formation of Si−CH3 on the surface. These findings can provide useful routes and insights toward interface engineering by ALD.
Temperature dependent characteristics of flexible p-PANI/n-ZnO based hybrid heterojunction diode
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Singh Naorem Santakrus , Kumar Lalit , Annapoorni S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study aims to develop and characterize a flexible p-PANI/n-ZnO heterojunction diode developed from a combination of electrochemical and sputtering technique. Investigation of structural properties and morphology of the thin films has been done from XRD and SEM analysis. To study the temperature effect on the electrical properties of the diode, current–voltage–temperature (I–V–T) measurements were done for the temperature range 25–300 K. Applying the ideal thermionic emission theory, various diode parameters like reverse saturation current, quality factor, series resistance and barrier height were computed utilizing the semilogarithmic plot of I–V curve and Cheungs’ method. Barrier height, reverse saturation current and quality factor calculated from ln(I) versus V curve were observed to vary from 0.0627–0.725 eV, 0.236–98.8 nA and 54.43–3.29 respectively over the temperature range 25–300 K. It has been found that the series resistance falls with a rise in temperature. The barrier height, series resistance and ideality factor were observed to vary from 0.0628–0.692 eV, 15 900–46.8 Kohm and 41.88–2.27 respectively for the temperature range 25–300 K. The activation energy estimated from Arrhenius plot was observed to be 14.51 meV. Additionally, the fabricated PANI/ZnO diode was mechanically robust that can be bent without affecting its performance.
Addressing the carbon and nitrogen impurity screening issue on HL-2M snowflake minus and conventional divertor using SOLPS
Authors: Zhou Yue , Zheng Guoyao , Du Hailong , Li Jiaxian , Pan Wei , Xue Lei , Xue Miao , Wang Shuo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the benefits of the HL-2M SF (snowflake) minus divertor on power exhaust and impurity screening compared with the LSN (lower single null) conventional divertor using SOLPS 5.0 code package. In order to estimate the effectiveness of the impurity screening capability in the HL-2M SF minus divertor, we analyze the impurity transport behavior with intrinsic carbon impurities (P
sol = 4 MW) and external injected nitrogen impurities (P
sol = 6 MW) in the LSN and SF minus divertors. The simulation results reveal that an input power of

4

MW

and electron density of

2.5
×

10

19

m

−
3

on the outer mid-plane can induce a nearly 80% pressure drop in the SOL (scrape-off layer) flux tube, representing the transition of the detachment regime in the SF minus divertor. For the higher power operation with P
sol = 6 MW, a nitrogen gas puffing rate at

3
×

10

20

s

−
1

is sufficient to exhaust excessive energy and facilitate detachment in the SF minus divertor. However, a higher gas puffing rate is necessary for the LSN divertor, indicating an improved power exhaust capability in the SF minus divertor. Furthermore, the maximum effective charge (

Z

eff

) in the SF minus divertor SOL region is nearly 1.45 versus 3.5 in the LSN case with P
sol = 4 MW. The maximum

Z

eff

in the SF minus divertor SOL region is below 2.4, versus 5.5 in the LSN case with the same impurity gas puffing rate when

P

sol

=
6

MW

. Moreover, the impurity ions accumulate in the divertor region in the SF minus case, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the impurity screening capability in the HL-2M SF minus divertor. We find that the higher ionized state impurity ions contribute to the increase of

Z

eff

and determine the impurity level upstream. On the one hand, the detached divertor regime has the benefit of suppressing the impurity particles ionizing to a higher ionized state. On the other hand, the ionization rate distribution and the poloidal velocity influenced by the friction and thermal forces determine the impurity transport behavior.
Strongly magnetized plasma produced by interaction of nanosecond kJ-class laser with snail targets
Authors: Pisarczyk T , Renner O , Dudzak R , Chodukowski T , Rusiniak Z , Dostal J , Krupka M , Klir D , Domański J , Krasa J , Singh S , Cikhardt J , Batani D , Santos J , Burian T , Ehret M , Gajdos P , Zaras-Szydłowska A , Rosinski M , Tchórz P , Kustosz M , Vlachos C , Ospina-Bohórquez V , Jelinek S , Kocourkova G , Agrawal S , Borodziuk S , Krus M , Juha L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Magnetized plasma studies are necessary for many applied studies, including laser-driven inertial fusion, modeling astrophysically relevant phenomena, and innovative industrial and medical applications. An interesting method of generating highly magnetized plasma can be based on the interaction of a laser with spiral-shaped cavity (snail-like) targets. A target shaped in this way can represent the central area of a spherical pellet that is not irradiated radially, but rather through an entrance hole allowing the laser beam to almost impact its inner surface tangentially (Pisarczyk et al 2018 Sci. Rep.
8 17 895). In the reported experiment, snail targets of various diameters were irradiated by linearly or circularly polarized radiation of a Prague asterix laser system (PALS) iodine laser delivering ∼500 J, 350 ps and 1.315 μm pulses on targets. Three-frame complex interferometry demonstrated that plasma is generated on the entire inside and outside surfaces of the snail target, starting from the very beginning of the laser–target interaction. The time-resolved records of the magnetic field and the electron density distribution inside and outside the snail target characterize the changes in the structure of the magnetized plasma. Inside the target, the magnetic field survives long after the termination of the laser–matter interaction, namely longer than 10 ns. Compared to a circularly polarized laser pulse, the irradiation of targets with a p-polarized beam increases both the emission of hot electrons (HEs) and the intensity of the magnetic field. The emission of HEs is not isotropic, and their energy distribution cannot be characterized by a single temperature.
Discussion on the transport processes in electrons with non-Maxwellian energy distribution function in partially-ionized plasmas
Authors: Alvarez Laguna A , Esteves B , Raimbault J-L , Bourdon A , Chabert P 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In a previous work (Alvarez Laguna et al 2022 Phys. Plasmas
29 083507), we have developed a non-linear moment model for electrons that self-consistently captures non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution function effects. The model does not rely in the local approximation and the transport coefficients are calculated by expanding the distribution function into Hermite polynomials and by taking moments of the Boltzmann equation, including the collision operator for elastic and inelastic collisions with arbitrary cross sections. This model captures the classical Fick’s, Fourier’s, and Ohm’s law as well as Soret, Dufour, and Peltier effects. In addition, novel non-local transport phenomena appear as a result of spatial gradients of the kurtosis of the distribution function. In this paper, we discuss on the transport effects by analyzing two collisional models: constant collision frequency and constant cross section. We estimate the order of magnitude of the transport processes in non-equilibrium electrons by analyzing the Langmuir probe measurements of a low-pressure argon inductively-coupled discharge. The results show that, under these conditions, the transport produced by the spatial gradients in the kurtosis of the distribution function produces a heat-flux contribution that is of the same order of magnitude as the Fourier and Dufour’s effects. These transport effects are beyond the local field or the electron gradient expansions, commonly used in the low-temperature plasma modeling.
Progress of a gas-electron-multiplier based camera (GEM) in investigating EAST macroscopic instabilities
Authors: Li Erzhong , Chen Y , Qu H , Zhou T , Chen F , Zhang L , Wang H , Duan Y , Liu H , Shen B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In recent years magneto-hydrodynamic instabilities have been observed in different experimental scenarios by a gas electron multiplier (GEM) camera, since it was installed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The GEM camera is set up outside the EAST vacuum chamber to record x-ray photons through a beryllium window, which has obtained valuable data for analysis: (1) neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) onset and (2) plasma disruption dynamics in the presence of magnetic islands. Although not precisely compared with theory and simulations, the GEM, in synergy with other diagnostics, reveals the significance of electron dynamics in NTM and plasma disruption. This is meaningful for understanding and modeling the disruption instability of fusion plasmas.
Nafion-Pt IPMC electroactive behavior changes in response to environmental nonequilibrium conditions
Authors: Arnold Allison , Su Ji , Sabolsky Edward M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectroactive polymers (EAPs) continue to gain attention for their potential to offer unique and versatile solutions in the soft robotic and flexible electronic industries. Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are a class of ionic-type EAPs which can be configured as capacitor actuators with very low voltage requirements (⩽5 V AC or DC). Their compact, portable, and lightweight properties, coupled with a biomimetic bending actuation response make them ideal for human-machine integrated technologies such as medical implants, active skins, and artificial muscles. This work tested the IPMC’s actuation and electrical response in varying saturation conditions (70% RH, 85% RH, 95% RH, and DI water liquid immersion) and voltage application schemes (direct current voltage (DCV) cycled, continuously applied, and relaxation responses upon voltage removal). This information was then used to establish actuation and back-relaxation response patterns through repetitive testing for statistical certainty. These demonstrated maximized actuation in water vapor conditions where the IPMC’s dielectric permittivity is maximized (ε′≅1.37×106), and the dissipation factor is minimized (tanδ=4.6). The response trends in vapor conditions are gradual but yield larger actuation ranges with increasing hydration. Liquid immersion restricts the IPMC’s range of motion but produces a sharper response pattern. These trends were validated against previously published IPMC actuator models. All of this creates a more pragmatic perspective on the potential of this technology which aids in the advancement of this material’s evolution towards viable real-world application configurations which capitalize on the material’s natural responses.
Effect of boundary dimension on energy absorption behaviour of shear thickening fluids under impact
Authors: Cui Xiaoyu , Wang Hongjian , Ye Lin , Fu Kunkun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study examined the effect of boundary dimension on the energy absorption behaviour of concentrated shear thickening fluids (STFs). STFs were filled into a steel container with various depths and diameters and were impacted by a cylindrical striker. It was found that the energy absorption behaviour showed a response time after which an effective impact-resistant performance was demonstrated. Then, a simplified two-dimensional model was proposed to clarify the characteristics and mechanism of energy absorption behaviour of the impacted STF. For a relatively shallow STF, the energy absorption is mainly achieved by the axial compression of a semi-ellipsoid like jamming region underneath the striker with less radial boundary confinement. Therefore, an increase in depth weakens the energy absorption performance because of the delayed response time for the effective energy absorption. By comparison, the increase in diameter causes the reduction of interaction between the jamming region and the surrounding liquid-STF, slightly degrading the energy absorption performance. For a deep STF, this jamming region reaches to the lateral boundary prior to the effective energy absorption which is primarily achieved by both the compression and bending of the jamming layer supported by the underneath liquid-STF. Thus, an increase in diameter leads to a decrease in the energy absorption performance.
A large-step stick-slip rotary piezoelectric actuator with high velocity under low frequency and small backward motion
Authors: Xun Mingxin , Yu Hongpeng , Zhang Shijing , Chang Qingbing , Deng Jie , Liu Yingxiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Stick-slip rotary piezoelectric actuators (SRPAs) are commonly used nowadays. However, most of them achieve high velocity by high exciting frequency, which causes the problems of wide power-source passband requirement and the wear of actuators. Moreover, their further applications are limited, due to the poor motion stability caused by the backward motion. To solve the problems, the stick-slip process is analyzed with kinematics, indicating that the large step contributes greatly to SRPAs for achieving high velocity under low operating frequency and backward motion elimination. Then a large-step SRPA is proposed, fabricated, and tested. The experiments show that under the sawtooth signal with 100 V and 400 Hz, the prototype can reach a maximum velocity of 1.854 rad s−1, benefiting from the large step (above 4.636 mrad). While other works require the exciting frequency of several kilohertz to reach the same level of velocity. Additionally, by increasing the step, the backward ratio decreases from 14.43% to 8.89% at the frequency of 1 Hz, and the minimum no-backward frequency decreases from 120 Hz to 60 Hz. The results indicate the effectiveness of the large step for solving the problems, which is significant for the design of SRPA.
Dispersion characteristics of surface wave in SCCS: theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and MASW-based NDT
Authors: Chen Hongbing , Gan Shiyu , Li Yuanyuan , Nie Xin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To fully validate the feasibility of multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW)-based interfacial debonding detection for steel–concrete composite structures (SCCS), dispersion characteristics of surface waves in SCCS are systematically investigated using theoretical analysis and elaborate 3D numerical simulations. First, the influences of material strength and thickness of concrete core, steel plate thickness on the dispersion figures are analyzed based on the theoretical dispersion characteristic of Rayleigh wave. Scientific layering strategy, including single steel plate, double-layer, and three-layer medium assumptions, is investigated using the theoretical dispersion analysis of Lamb wave. Besides, the dispersion characteristics of surface wave in circular steel pipes are calculated to determine the appropriate theoretical dispersion curves for MASW measurement. Finally, the stress wave propagation processes in SCCSs with various internal structures, including stiffeners, studs, and diaphragms, as well as the debonding width, are simulated using 3D numerical simulation to validate the research finding of theoretical analysis and detectability of MASW-based non-destructive testing on interfacial debonding defects in rectangular and circular concrete-filled steel tubulars. Finally, the dispersion characteristics corresponding to displacement, velocity, and acceleration of surface waves are comparatively discussed. The research findings of this study are the cornerstone of experimental study and essential theoretical support for identifying interfacial debonding and bond-slip damage of SCCS components utilizing MASW method.
On-demand contactless programming of nonlinear elastic moduli in hard magnetic soft beam based broadband active lattice materials
Authors: Sinha P , Mukhopadhyay T 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Engineered honeycomb lattice materials with high specific strength and stiffness along with the advantage of programmable direction-dependent mechanical tailorability are being increasingly adopted for various advanced multifunctional applications. To use these artificial microstructures with unprecedented mechanical properties in the design of different application-specific structures, it is essential to investigate the effective elastic moduli and their dependence on the microstructural geometry and the physics of deformation at the elementary level. While it is possible to have a wide range of effective mechanical properties based on their designed microstructural geometry, most of the recent advancements in this field lead to passive mechanical properties, meaning it is not possible to actively modulate the lattice-level properties after they are manufactured. Thus the on-demand control of mechanical properties is lacking, which is crucial for a range of multi-functional applications in advanced structural systems. To address this issue, we propose a new class of lattice materials wherein the beam-level multi-physical deformation behavior can be exploited as a function of external stimuli like magnetic field by considering hard magnetic soft beams. More interestingly, effective property modulation at the lattice level would be contactless without the necessity of having a complex network of electrical circuits embedded within the microstructure. We have developed a semi-analytical model for the nonlinear effective elastic properties of such programmable lattice materials under large deformation, wherein the mechanical properties can be modulated in an expanded design space of microstructural geometry and magnetic field. The numerical results show that the effective properties can be actively modulated as a function of the magnetic field covering a wide range (including programmable state transition with on-demand positive and negative values), leading to the behavior of soft polymer to stiff metals in a single lattice microstructure according to operational demands.
Gravitational collapse and formation of a black hole in a type II minimally modified gravity theory
Authors: De Felice Antonio , Maeda Kei-ichi , Mukohyama Shinji , Pookkillath Masroor C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the spherically symmetric collapse of a cloud of dust in VCDM, a class of gravitational theories with two local physical degrees of freedom. We find that the collapse corresponds to a particular foliation of the Oppenheimer-Snyder solution in general relativity (GR) which is endowed with a constant trace for the extrinsic curvature relative to the time t constant foliation. For this solution, we find that the final state of the collapse leads to a static configuration with the lapse function vanishing at a radius inside the apparent horizon. Such a point is reached in an infinite time-t interval, t being the cosmological time, i.e. the time of an observer located far away from the collapsing cloud. The presence of this vanishing lapse endpoint implies the necessity of a UV completion to describe the physics inside the resulting black hole. On the other hand, since the corresponding cosmic time t is infinite, VCDM can safely describe the whole history of the universe at large scales without knowledge of the unknown UV completion, despite the presence of the so-called shadowy mode.
Primordial non-Gaussianity from the effects of the Standard Model Higgs during reheating after inflation
Authors: Litsa Aliki , Freese Katherine , Sfakianakis Evangelos I. , Stengel Patrick , Visinelli Luca 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We propose a new way of studying the Higgs potential at extremely high energies. The Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson, as a light spectator field during inflation in the early Universe, can acquire large field values from its quantum fluctuations which vary among different causal (Hubble) patches. Such a space dependence of the Higgs after the end of inflation leads to space-dependent SM particle masses and hence variable efficiency of reheating, when the inflaton decays to Higgsed SM particles. Inhomogeneous reheating results in (observable) temperature anisotropies. Further, the resulting temperature anisotropy spectrum acquires a significant non-Gaussian component, which is constrained by Planck observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and potentially detectable in next-generation experiments. Constraints on this non-Gaussian signal largely exclude the possibility of the observed temperature anisotropies arising primarily from Higgs effects. Hence, in principle, observational searches for non-Gaussianity in the CMB can be used to constrain the dynamics of the Higgs boson at very high (inflationary) energies.