bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming waste red mud and fly ash to wealth by designing a hybrid Al alloy composite with improved mechanical and tribological properties
Authors: Kumar S. , Bera S. , Mandal D. , Chakraborty A. K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the present work, we demonstrate the development of a cost‐effective hybrid composite of aluminium 6063 alloys by utilizing some industrial wastes like fly ash and red mud as reinforcement. Alloy composites have been produced with varying concentrations of reinforcement by a two‐step stir‐casting method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of fly ash and red mud whereas microstructural analysis through optical microscopy showed a uniform distribution of the reinforcements within the alloy matrix. The composite formed with optimized weight fractions of red mud and fly ash exhibited higher ultimate tensile strength in comparison with base aluminium alloy. Furthermore, the dry sliding wear behaviour of the alloy and its composites have been investigated at low sliding speed against a hardened disk at three different loads (2 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg). The wear rate increases with increasing load in the alloy as well as in the composite. Sem images of worn surfaces of the hybrid composite exhibit fewer grooves when 5 wt.‐% of both reinforcements are present. Essentially, the overall wear rate of the composite is found lower than the base alloy. Hybrid composites with 5 wt.‐% of both reinforcements show maximum wear resistance.
Pricing and Procurement Strategies for Substitute Products in Extreme Weather
Authors: Xu Haonan , Liu Jiaguo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTClimate change is causing frequent extreme weather events, posing disruption risks to supply chains. A two‐echelon supply chain comprising two suppliers and one retailer is constructed from a risk perspective. A game theory model is utilized to analyze all parties' optimal decisions and risk management measures under climate disturbances. The reactions of the retailer and suppliers, who sell vertically differentiated substitute products, are examined, and the changes in social welfare are observed. Our analysis exhibits that (1) the retailer mitigated the negative impact of risk disturbance through product differentiation and pricing strategies and even achieved higher profits than without extreme weather events; (2) there is a possibility that the sales volume will be higher in extreme weather, which is related to the antidisturbance ability of the supply chain; and (3) although extreme weather disturbs the supply, it may lead to a win–win relationship between retailer's profit and social welfare. The operational decisions derived from this study exhibit robustness in mitigating the adverse effects of extreme weather, enabling maximization of both retailers' profits and social welfare, thus contributing to the theoretical foundation for sustainable socioeconomic systems.
Vascularized Periosteal Grafts for Bone Union in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Soldado Francisco , Gonzalez‐Morgado Diego , Romero‐Larrauri Pablo , Nguyen Trong‐Quynh , da Costa Antonio Carlos , Knorr Jorge 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe periosteum is the main organ responsible for bone regeneration. Vascularized Periosteal Grafts (VPG) have demonstrated exceptional efficacy and speed in facilitating bone union among children with challenging bone healing conditions. Despite their promising results, the overall impact of these interventions has yet to be comprehensively evaluated through systematic review. This systematic review aimed to provide comprehensive insights into bone union outcomes and complications related to the use of VPG in children.Materials and MethodsMEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to September 2023 and screened for relevant studies. Data were collected regarding patient demographics, disease, treatment, anatomical location, graft used, donor and receptor vessels, skin paddle monitoring, follow‐up duration, time to union, consolidation, and complications. The correlation between age and bone union was assessed using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, as appropriate. Study quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non‐randomized Studies Criteria.ResultsA total of 15 studies involving 135 patients were included. All the studies were classified as Level 4 evidence. The mean MINORS score was 5.1 ± 1. The aim of the VPG was nonunion treatment in 90 patients (67%), nonunion prevention in 35 patients (26%), and bone union acceleration in 10 patients (7%). The origin of the bone union problem was traumatic in 59 cases (44%), congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia or fibula in 48 patients (35%), oncologic in 23 patients (17%), and infectious in 5 patients (4%). Nine different sources of periosteal flaps were used to enhance bone union. Bone union rate was 96% with a mean time of 4.2 months (range 1–18 months). Spearman test showed a non‐statistically significant negative correlation between age and bone union time (r = −0.3, p = 0.759).ConclusionsVPGs are a safe and reliable treatment for promoting bone union, especially in the context of complex pediatric bone‐healing challenges.
Nano carbon powder‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes/poly(vinylidene fluoride) percolating composites with low‐percolation binary functional phases and negative permittivity
Authors: Shi Guangyue , Liu Yao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolymer percolating composites with negative permittivity via the construction of percolating structures are of great interest in electromagnetism. In this study, nano carbon powder‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (CP‐MWCNTs/PVDF) composites comprising binary functional phases CP‐MWCNTs were fabricated using hot‐pressing method. The composites achieved both low percolation threshold and tunable negative permittivity properties across the entire frequency range of testing. Percolation phenomenon was observed as functional phases content reaching 5 wt%, which was reflected as the establishment of percolation network and the occurrence of electrical percolation, resulting in a shift toward metal‐like conduction mechanism. Additionally, the notably low percolation threshold can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between the binary functional phases. The plasma oscillation of free electrons within conductive percolation network plays a crucial role in achieving negative permittivity, a phenomenon that can be elucidated using the Drude model from the free electron theory. Furthermore, analyses of the impedance and equivalent circuit illuminate the connection between percolation phenomenon and dielectric behavior. These findings further reveal the influence of functional phases' morphology and composition on percolation behavior and negative permittivity properties, while expanding the application of polymer‐based percolating composites in electromagnetic devices.Highlights
Tunable negative permittivity related to plasma oscillation is achieved.
Binary functional phases exhibit a low percolation threshold.
Synergistic effect of functional phases leads to low percolation threshold.
Analyzing How Zhizi Baipi Decoction Regulates VEGF to Suppress RA Angiogenesis Using Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhu Yulong , Wei Yi , Gan Peirong , Xia Shilin , Li Ya , Jiang Xiaoman , Wang Yan , Wu Hong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily manifests with symptoms such as heat and toxin. However, the key components and molecular mechanisms of Zhizi Baipi decoction (ZBD) in the treatment of RA are still unclear.ObjectivesThe study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of ZBD for treating RA through ingredient analysis, network pharmacology, and experimental validation.Material and MethodsThe chemical constituents of ZBD were identified by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q‐TOF‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MSE). Additionally, the active ingredients of ZBD treating RA were screened by network pharmacology and using molecular docking to verify the binding energy of the active ingredients and ZBD's targets. Then we elucidated ZBD's mechanism of action on collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model rats. Subsequently, experimental validations were used to validate the findings of network pharmacology.ResultsA total of 84 chemical constituents was identified by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MSE. The results of network pharmacology indicated that ZBD could exert its therapeutic effect on RA through the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Molecular docking revealed a strong binding capacity between the target KDR and the active ingredients. Additionally, we quantified the five active ingredients of ZBD. In vivo experiments demonstrated that ZBD inhibited synovial angiogenesis and alleviated the occurrence and progression of RA.ConclusionOverall, ZBD has a significant therapeutic effect on RA. The results of qualitative analysis, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo experiments indicated that the main active components of ZBD could modulate the VEGF pathway to treat RA.
A Teleological Interpretation of the Definition of DeepFakes in the EU Artificial Intelligence Act—A Purpose‐Based Approach to Potential Problems With the Word “Existing”
Authors: Łabuz Mateusz 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe EU Artificial Intelligence Act is the world's first attempt to holistically regulate artificial intelligence. It presents an extensive, multi‐faceted definition of deepfakes, and introduces specific safeguards against their misuses. These guardrails have the potential to become a global role model. The AI Act uses concepts that leave room for interpretation, which is important given the constant development of technology and the need for adjustments. However, some solutions raise the problem of vagueness, which in turn may result in a narrower interpretation of a linguistic nature, and reduce the scope of legally permissible countermeasures. The aim of this study is to critically evaluate the definition of deepfakes contained in the AI Act in relation to the word “existing” used. A narrow interpretation could potentially exclude some synthetic media from the scope of transparency obligations due to the non‐classification of these media as deepfakes. Therefore, a teleological interpretation of the provisions is proposed, reinforced with elements of systemicity, so that the safeguards built by the AI Act also include deepfakes that do not depict any identifiable pre‐existing persons, objects, places, entities or events to better reflect goals of the regulation, and complement the value‐based system of the AI Act.
Position Optimization of Bulky Tetraphenylsilane in Multiple Resonance Molecules for Highly Efficient Narrowband OLEDs
Authors: Bai Jue‐Yao , Liu Jun‐Yu , Zhang Zhen , He Yi‐Hui , Chen Guo‐Wei , Wang Yan‐Chun , Li Hao‐Ze , Xie Feng‐Ming , Tang Jian‐Xin , Li Yan‐Qing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMultiple resonance (MR)‐type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have garnered significant interest due to their narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and high electroluminescence efficiency. However, the planar structures and large singlet‐triplet energy gaps (ΔESTs) characteristic of MR‐TADF molecules pose challenges to achieving high‐performance devices. Herein, two isomeric compounds, p‐TPS‐BN and m‐TPS‐BN, are synthesized differing in the connection modes between a bulky tetraphenylsilane (TPS) group and an MR core. This strategy aims to suppress intermolecular interactions, reduce ΔEST values, and investigate how connection positions influence photoelectric properties. Both compounds exhibit remarkably small ΔEST values (0.08–0.09 eV) and high internal quantum yields (95.0–97.8%). Notably, p‐TPS‐BN demonstrates a faster reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) with a rate constant of 2.54 × 10⁵ s⁻¹, attributed to its optimal long‐range charge transfer (LRCT) process. A narrowband device employing p‐TPS‐BN achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency of 35.8% with an FWHM of 36 nm. This work offers an effective framework for studying structure‐property relationships in MR molecules, paving the way for the development of high‐efficiency electroluminescent devices.
The lived experience of postpartum depression and psychosis in women: a bottom‐up review co‐written by experts by experience and academics
Authors: Fusar‐Poli Paolo , Estradé Andrés , Mathi Keshnie , Mabia Constance , Yanayirah Nur , Floris Valentina , Figazzolo Elisa , Esposito Cecilia M. , Mancini Milena , Rosfort René , Catalan Ana , Baldwin Helen , Patel Rashmi , Stanghellini Giovanni , Ratcliffe Matthew , Maj Mario 
Published: January 2025

This is the first bottom‐up review of the lived experience of postpartum depression and psychosis in women. The study has been co‐designed, co‐conducted and co‐written by experts by experience and academics, drawing on first‐person accounts within and outside the medical field. The material initially identified was shared with all participants in a cloud‐based system, discussed across the research team, and enriched by phenomenological insights. The subjective world of postpartum depression is characterized by a sudden onset (“being hit with a ton of bricks”), unbearable loneliness and sadness that are often suffered in silence, inability to feel positive emotions, grieving over the loss of self, feelings of being bad mothers (haunted by a suffocating burden of guilt due to that), inability to concentrate, lack of control of thoughts (“feeling like a tightrope walker without control over thoughts and emotions”), insecurity (up to needing to be nurtured and mothered themselves), and thoughts of death (“contemplating death as a glimmer of hope to escape the living nightmare”). In addition to these themes, the subjective world of postpartum psychosis is characterized by difficulty in articulating thoughts (“feeling the brain in a centrifuge”); perceptual abnormalities and unusual beliefs disrupting the sense of personal unity (with, in a few cases, thoughts of harming themselves or their baby, so that women may feel that they are “sinking in the depths of hell”); losing trust (“ploughing through the fog and losing trust and safety”), and stripping down relationships. Much of the isolation, guilt and disorientation experienced in these conditions relates to sociocultural and family environments, especially a gulf between how women feel and a web of norms and expectations surrounding motherhood. In most cases, stigma is related to a lack of knowledge of what postpartum depression or psychosis are. Stigma and lack of knowledge are core drivers impacting health care in terms of seeking professional help, accessing mental health services, and receiving pharmacological or psychological treatments. The narratives described in this paper should inform clinical practice, research and public health education. This study brings voice to the unspoken and unheard, and fosters relational connections within which different mothering experiences may be expressed and understood. This is vital to challenging negative sociocultural attitudes towards postpartum depression and psychosis, and providing the most supportive care to women experiencing such pervasive psychiatric disorders at a critical, fragile time in their lives.
Photoperiodic plasticity of pigment-dispersing factor immunoreactive fibers projecting toward prothoracicotropic hormone neurons in flesh fly Sarcophaga similis larvae
Authors: Ohe Yutaro , Hasebe Masaharu , Hamanaka Yoshitaka , Goto Shin G. , Shiga Sakiko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Larvae of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga similis exhibit photoperiodic responses to control pupal diapause. Although the external coincidence model is applicable to S. similis photoperiodism, it remains unknown how the circadian clock system integrates day-length information. To explore the mechanisms, we examined the neural circuitry involving circadian clock lateral neurons (LNs) and prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) neurons. We also examined the photoperiodic effects on LN-fiber patterns in third-instar S. similis larvae. Immunohistochemistry showed that the clock protein PERIOD and the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) were co-localized in four cells per brain hemisphere, and we named these PDF-LNs of S. similis. Single-cell polymerase chain reaction of backfilled neurons from the ring gland showed that two pairs of pars lateralis neurons with contralateral axons (PL-c neurons) to the ring gland expressed ptth. Double labeling with immunohistochemistry and backfills revealed that PDF-immunoreactive varicose fibers projected close to fibers from PL-c neurons. short neuropeptide f (snpf) receptor and glutamate-gated chloride channel but not pdf receptor were expressed in PL-c neurons. sNPF and L-glutamate but not PDF acutely inhibited the spontaneous firing activity of PL-c neurons. The number of PDF-immunoreactive varicosities of PDF-LNs in the dorsal protocerebrum was significantly higher under short-day than that under long-day conditions in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that sNPF and/or glutamate signaling to PTTH neurons and PDF-LNs form a potential neural circuity for the photoperiodic control of pupal diapause and that photoperiod modifies the connectivity strength between PDF-LNs and their post- or pre-neurons in the circuitry.
Current evidence on powered versus manual circular staplers in colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martín-Arévalo José , Moro-Valdezate David , Pérez-Santiago Leticia , López-Mozos Fernando , Peña Carlos Javier , Carbonell Asins Juan Antonio , Casado Rodrigo David , García-Botello Stephanie , Gil-Alfosea Claudia , Pla-Martí Vicente 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of powered circular staplers (PCS) compared to manual circular staplers (MCS) in reducing anastomotic leakage (AL) and postoperative bleeding (AB) in colorectal surgery.

Methods
Extensive searches were performed in the Embase, PubMed, and SCOPUS electronic bibliographic databases. Most studies were of an observational nature, and only one randomized clinical trial was identified.

Results
Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria for anastomotic leakage and five for anastomotic hemorrhage. The number of patients included for AL analysis was 4524. The leakage rate was 4.6% (208 cases). The number of patients with AB was 2868 with a bleeding rate of 4.99% (143 patients). After identifying outliers and studies with possible selection bias, the odds ratio (OR) for leaks and PCS was 0.38 (95% CI 0.26–0.55), the relative risk was − 0.05 (95% CI − 0.07 to 0.03), and the number needed to treat to prevent one leak was 20. For bleeding, the PCS OR for PCS was 0.20 (95% CI 0.0772–0.5177).

Conclusion
Powered circular staplers could be associated with a significantly lower risk of leakage and anastomotic bleeding than two-row manual circular staplers. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to validate these findings.
3D basin modeling of the Lower Saxony Basin, Germany: the role of overpressure in Mesozoic claystones with implications for nuclear waste storage
Authors: Castro-Vera Leidy , Gaus Garri , Colling Cassel Marlise , Amberg Sebastian , Littke Ralf 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Jurassic and Cretaceous organic-lean claystone formations in the Lower Saxony Basin (LSB), Germany, are considered for nuclear waste storage due to their favorable physical properties. Understanding the burial and thermal history of these formations, including overpressure generation and its impact, is crucial for site selection. Past undetected overpressures may result in erroneous estimation of present-day petrophysical properties. Therefore, this study investigates the evolution and spatial distribution of overpressure in claystones in northern Germany on a rather large scale, focusing on Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous units. Utilizing 3D numerical basin modeling, this study: (i) reconstructs the geodynamic evolution of the LSB, (ii) identifies key mechanisms driving overpressure during burial, (iii) detects areas of high pore-to-lithostatic pressure ratios susceptible to fracturing, and (iv) assesses overpressure’s influence on the evolution of petrophysical properties. Results reveal that during the fastest burial phase, overpressure generation began, primarily driven by disequilibrium compaction coupled with gas generation, peaking around 99 Ma at the basin’s depocenter. During the Late Cretaceous uplift, thousands of meters of sediment were eroded within the basin’s depocenter, and overpressure dissipated. According to the model, absolute overpressures were higher for Jurassic than Cretaceous claystones, but dissipation was slower for Cretaceous claystones leading to relatively higher pore-to-lithostatic pressure ratios during uplift. During overpressure buildup, the porosity reduction slowed due to undercompaction effects, underscoring overpressure’s influence on petrophysical properties. While Pleistocene glaciations caused localized overpressure, they did not impact the petrophysical properties of the assessed units. Glacial-induced erosion, however, is projected to reduce remaining overpressure substantially.

Graphical abstract
Livestock farmer-reported knowledge and attitudes regarding agroforestry planning and management
Authors: De-Sousa Karolini Tenffen , Wright Melanie , Cárdenas Laura M. , Deniz Matheus , Dittrich João Ricardo , Hötzel Maria José , Enriquez-Hidalgo Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes of livestock farmers from the United Kingdom regarding agroforestry planning and management issues. The farmers (n = 48) answered an online survey with demographic, open, closed and Likert scale questions. Almost half of the participants said they need more information to successfully plan and manage an agroforestry system, and self-reported low knowledge on management practices related to trees. Participants stated they did not expect to receive technical support from governmental agencies to maintain the agroforestry area. However, they would like to improve their knowledge through field days, courses, and Internet sources. Benefits to the environment, animals and farm profitability were considered central to successful agroforestry systems. In conclusion, participants cannot successfully plan and manage agroforestry, but they are willing to improve their knowledge and skills.