bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Control of Immune Response to Sperm Whale Myoglobin in Mice
Authors: Okuda Kenji , Twining Sally S. , David Chella S. , Atassi M. Zouhair 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The genetic control of T lymphocyte proliferative response to the five synthetic antigenic sites of myoglobin, two synthetic nonantigenic control peptides, and one “nonsense” peptide was determined in independent and recombinant strains of mice. In all the strains examined, the nonantigenic control peptides and the “nonsense” peptide did not invoke a response in myoglobin-primed mice. Further, when mice were not primed with whole myoglobin, no response was obtained with any of the antigenic sites. Haplotypes H-2d, H-2f, and H-2s are higher responders to sites 1 and 2, whereas haplotypes H-2d and H-2s are high responders to site 5. Response to site 3 may be controlled by a non-H-2-linked gene. Site 4 can stimulate H-2b and H-2k haplotypes that are nonresponders to the whole myoglobin. Studies with the recombinant strains suggested that Ir genes to sites 1 and 2 map in the I-A subregion and I-C subregion and were designated Ir-Mb-1,2(A) and Ir-Mb-1,2(C). Ir genes to sites 4 and 5 mapped only in the I-A subregion and were designated Ir-Mb-4(A) and Ir-Mb-5(A). These studies suggest that individual antigenic sites in a molecule are controlled by unique Ir genes.
Human Leukocyte Fc (IgG) Receptors: Quantitation and Affinity with Radiolabeled Affinity Cross-Linked Rabbit IgG
Authors: Alexander Elaine L. , Titus Julie A. , Segal David M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Quantitative studies have been made of Fc receptors on human leukocytes derived from peripheral blood, thymus, tonsil, and spleen. The relative affinities and average numbers of receptors per cell were determined by measuring the binding of 125I-labeled, affinity cross-linked trimers of rabbit IgG to various populations of cells. In parallel, the sizes of receptor-bearing populations were determined by fluorescence microscopy. Fc receptors could be detected on leukocytes from peripheral blood and spleen, but not from tonsil or thymus. In the peripheral blood, the highest density of receptors was found on polymorphonuclear leukocytes; a subpopulation of lymphocytes had somewhat fewer receptors per cell, and circulating monocytes had the lowest receptor density. Among splenocytes, most of the receptors were found on myeloid cells and monocytes. In all populations, the affinity of Fc receptors for the trimer was about the same. At 0°C the average value for the association constant was 5 × 107 M-1.
Fractionation and Immunologic Assessment of KCl-Extracted Cardiac Antigens in Coxsackievirus B3 Virus-Induced Myocarditis
Authors: Paque Ronald E. , Straus David C. , Nealon Timothy J. , Gauntt Charles J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hypertonic salt extracts prepared from the heart tissues of adolescent CD-1 mice were fractionated on Sephadex G-100 columns. Two separate fractions were obtained. Fraction I, containing the antigenic immunoreactive activity, was able to inhibit the migration of CVB3-PPD immune mouse peritoneal exudate cells (IMPEC) as well as PEC from mice infected with CVB3 virus alone. Fraction II did not have antigenic activity as assessed by the agarose droplet cell migration inhibition assay. As controls, Fraction I prepared from the livers or spleens of CVB3-infected CD-1 mice was unable to inhibit the migration of CVB3 IMPEC. Unimmunized or “normal” mouse peritoneal exudate cells (NMPEC) were not inhibited by Fraction I. Antibodies prepared against Fractions I and II were unable to neutralize CVB3m virus in the plaque reduction test, and polyacrylamide gel analysis revealed multiple bands in 10% SDS gels.
The Genetics of PLT Response
Authors: DeWolf William C. , Carroll Peter G. , Mehta Cyrus R. , Martin Sharon L. , Yunis Edmond J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
PLT response is restricted by the HLA-D region. The present study was undertaken to help define the role of HLA-DRw in PLT restimulation. Haplotype-primed intrafamily PLT cells were made against specificities HLA-Drw1, HLA-DRw3, and HLA-DRw7; each PLT was then restimulated with cells from a 35-member unrelated panel. Restimulation values for each PLT were subjected to bimodal clustering analysis. In addition, blocking experiments were performed with other intrafamily and homozygous typing cell PLT after preincubation with B cell alloantisera. The results show a high correlation (0.881 ≤ r ≤ 1.00) between the HLA-DRw specificity of the priming haplotype and the HLA-DRw specificity of unrelated panel cells that restimulate in PLT. When stimulating cells were absorbed with the corresponding DRw alloantisera or p29,34 heteroantiserum (against B cell specific antigens), PLT restimulation was significantly blocked. However, the PLT cells treated with antisera showed no effect. The results strongly suggest that HLA-DRw is the principal PLT-stimulating determinant.
Glucocorticoids Inhibit Trypsin-Induced DNA Release from Phytohemagglutinin-Stimulated Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Distelhorst Clark W. , Rogers John C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Trypsin-induced DNA release from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes is inhibited by different glucocorticosteroid compounds at low pharmacologic concentrations, in a dose-dependent manner, and in order of the known anti-inflammatory potency of the different preparations, In contrast, PHA-stimulated cell growth is 100- to 1000-fold less sensitive to inhibition by the same glucocorticoids. Nonglucocorticoid steroids have little effect on either DNA release or cell growth except at high concentrations. Inhibition of DNA release appears to be mediated through glucocorticoid receptors since progesterone, which is ineffective alone, competitively inhibits the effect of dexamethasone. The glucocorticoid effect on DNA release is tightly coupled to the initial, PHA-induced stimulus. Glucocorticoids are maximally effective when added to cultures 1 hr before PHA. When added 6 hr after PHA, their effect is minimal or absent, even though they are then continuously present until DNA release is measured 5 days later. Lymphocytes from certain donors in these studies were resistant to glucocorticoids; these individuals all had allergies, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and bee sting hypersensitivity.
Complement-Mediated Solubilization of Immune Precipitates Prepared with Antibodies of Different Avidity
Authors: Stassen Frans L. , Beek Cor J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Complement-mediated solubilization of immune precipitates prepared with HSA and rat IgG anti-HSA has been quantitatively analyzed. Early and late IgG anti-HSA antibodies were obtained 27 and 49 days after immunization, respectively. Immune precipitates prepared with early IgG anti-HSA were solubilized by rat serum to a larger extent than complexes prepared with late IgG anti-HSA. The affinities for HSA of the early and late antibodies were not significantly different. The quantitative differences in solubilization were neither due to differences in the Ab/Ag ratios of the immune precipitates, nor appeared to be brought about by changes in the distribution of the antibodies over the IgG subclasses. The avidity of the late IgG anti-HSA antibodies was higher than the avidity of the early IgG antibodies. Presumably, the avidity of the antibodies greatly affected the complement-mediated solubilization of the immune precipitates. In addition, the solubilization was found to be dependent on the conditions employed to prepare the immune precipitates.
Role of Surface IgM and IgD in the Functional Differentiation of Human B Lymphocytes: Effect of Papain Treatment
Authors: Dosch Hans-Michael , Kwong Shirley , Tsui Florence , Zimmerman Barry , Gelfand Erwin W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Short-term treatment of normal human B lymphocytes with low concentrations of papain resulted in selective and reversible removal of sIgD determinants, whereas HLA and Ia-like antigens, sIgM as well as receptors for E, C3, and FcIgG were unaffected. When studied for their capacity to generate antigen-specific direct PFC, papain-treated (δ-) B cells were highly sensitive to inactivation by even low concentrations of antigen. In addition, these cells were impaired in their ability to cooperate normally with T-helper cells or their humoral product(s).
C3e: An Acidic Fragment of Human C3 with Leukocytosis-Inducing Activity
Authors: Ghebrehiwet Berhane , Müller-Eberhard Hans J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have isolated a leukocytosis-inducing peptide of degraded human C3 that has the electrophoretic behavior of prealbumin and a m.w. of 10,000 to 12,000. The peptide has been designated C3e. It was generated by two methods: Incubation of isolated C3 with 2% (w/w) trypsin for 120 min at 37°C, or incubation of serum at 37°C for 5 days under sterile conditions. C3e preparations obtained by the two methods were virtually indistinguishable with respect to molecular size, amino acid composition, and immunochemical properties. The electrophoretic mobility of C3e at pH 8.6 is -7.5 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 sec-1. Anti-C3e reacts with C3e, C3, C3b, and C3c, but not with C3a or C3d. Since the β-chain of C3 is not affected by the liberation of C3e, it is concluded that C3e arises from cleavage of the portion of the α-chain that is part of the C3c fragment. Purified C3e was found to mobilize leukocytes from bone marrow upon perfusion of isolated rat femur. Intravenous injection of C3e into rabbits caused a 2- to 3-fold increase in the number of circulating leukocytes after 60 min which lasted 2 hr. Leukocytosis was preceded by mild leukopenia. Leukocytosis-inducing activity was abrogated by treating C3e preparations with solid phase anti-C3. Incubation of heparinized rabbit blood with radioiodinated C3e resulted in preferential binding of C3e to polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Intradermal injection of C3e into rabbits evoked increased vascular permeability after 15 to 30 min. The evidence indicates that C3e is a fragment of C3 with biologic activity distinct from that of other C3 fragments.
Functional Studies of Fc Receptor-Bearing Human Lymphocytes: Effect of Treatment with Proteolytic Enzymes
Authors: Perussia Bice , Trinchieri Giorgio , Cerottini Jean-Charles 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In order to analyze the role that Fc receptors (FcR) play in spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SLMC), lymphocytes from single donors were tested in parallel for their ability to form rosettes with IgG antibody-coated erythrocytes (EA), and to mediate antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) and SLMC. Experimental conditions were chosen in which the expression of FcR at the cell surface is altered (i.e., after enzymatic treatment or reaction with immune complexes). Trypsintreated lymphocytes still expressed FcR and were able to mediate ADCC, but SLMC was completely abolished. Pronase treatment, on the contrary, destroyed FcR and both ADCC and SLMC. When the enzyme-treated cells were cultured for up to 48 hr FcR was reexpressed at the cell surface, and both lytic activities were regained. SLMC from B cell-deprived trypsin-treated cells was recovered in culture in spite of the presence of F(ab′)2 anti-human F(ab′)2 antibodies in the culture medium and throughout the test. Moreover, incubation of the trypsintreated cells in medium containing autologous serum could not reconstitute SLMC. When lymphocytes were reacted with immune complexes, a modulation of both ADCC and SLMC was observed. In this case, the lytic activities could not be recovered even after incubation at 37°C. A partial inhibition of the modulation of FcR was observed when the cells were reacted with immune complexes in the absence of Ca++ ion. The possible existence of two different mechanisms operating in ADCC and SLMC is discussed.
Further Evidence for the Antibody Nature of C3 Nephritic Factor (C3NeF)
Authors: Daha Mohamed R. , van Es Leendert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF), found in the sera of some patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, has been shown to be composed of two heavy and two light chains, like IgG; in addition it shares antigenic determinants with IgG. Purified C3NeF binds to the amplification convertase of complement, C3b,Bb, and thereby prevents decay of its C3-cleaving potential. The capability of C3NeF to bind to C3b,Bb was used as a means for purifying C3NeF to homogeneity. The investigation described in this report suggests that binding of C3NeF to C3b,Bb occurs via the Fab portion of the molecule. Pepsin treatment of eight C3NeF preparations resulted in an average loss of 76% of C3NeF functional activity. Papain treatment induced a loss of approximately 90%. The decrease in functional activity could be attributed to the accelerated rate of dissociation of 125I-F(ab′)2 and 125I-Fab fragments from stabilized cell-bound C3b,Bb. The dissociation rate of 125I-F(ab′)2 from C3b,Bb was comparable with the decay of the functional activity of C3b,Bb stabilized by F(ab′)2 or Fab fragments of C3NeF. Although these results suggest that the stabilizing activity of C3NeF is mediated by the Fab portion of the molecule, it was found that the Fc portion also contributes to its functional activity.
Chemical Cross-Linking of Ia Alloantigen α and β Chains with Dimethyl 3,3′-Dithiobispropionimidate
Authors: Dancey George F. , Cutler John , Schwartz Benjamin D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have examined the polypeptide chain composition of membrane-bound and detergent-solubilized Ia antigens using the chemical cross-linking reagent dimethyl 3,3′-dithiobispropionimidate (DTBP). Products of the I-E/C subregion of the major histocompatibility complex, which were solubilized from spleen cells with the detergent NP-40 and partially purified by affinity chromatography on lentil lectin-agarose, could be almost completely cross-linked by DTBP. Thus, the characteristic 33,000 m.w. (α) and 28,000 (β) polypeptide chains seen on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gels disappeared and a major new species of 60,000 m.w. appeared after cross-linking. When isolated and reduced with 2-mercaptoethanol, the 60,000 m.w. peak was found to be comprised of α and β chains. Similar results were obtained when I-E/C, as well as I-A, α and β chains were cross-linked on the cell surface. These data demonstrate that the α and β chains of the Ia antigens exist primarily in the form of a dimer both in detergent solution and in situ.
T Cell Recognition in the Mixed Lymphocyte Response
Authors: Ahmann Gerald B. , Nadler Paul I. , Birnkrant Alan , Hodes Richard J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability of subpopulations of murine spleen cells to stimulate a mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) was studied. It was found that T cells (nylon-nonadherent spleen cells) and B cells [G-10 passed and treated with rabbit anti-mouse brain serum (RAMB) and complement (C)] were poor stimulators of an MLR. In contrast, whole spleen cells or B cells plus adherent cells (RAMB +C-treated spleen cells) produced good stimulation. However, a non-T, radiation-resistant splenic adherent cell (SAC) population was up to 20 to 50 times more efficient as a stimulator of an MLR on a per cell basis than an unseparated spleen population. These SAC were shown to express Ia determinants encoded by genes in I-A and I-E/C. These results suggest that Ia+ SAC may be the predominant stimulating cells in spleen cell populations, and the preferential target for T cell recognition in cell interaction events.
The Relationship Between Surface Immunoglobulin Isotype and Immune Function of Murine B Lymphocytes
Authors: Zan-Bar I. , Strober S. , Vitetta E. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We developed a quantitative procedure to examine the ability of memory B cells to give rise to AFC, and to more memory B cells (propagation of memory) after antigenic stimulation. Sublethally irradiated (BALB/c × C57BL/Ka)F1 mice were given an excess of BSA-primed T cells, graded numbers of DNP-primed B cells, and challenged with DNP-BSA in saline. The anti-DNP response of these adoptive (intermediate) hosts measures the production of AFC. After a rest period of 8 to 12 weeks, spleen cells from these intermediate hosts were transferred to sublethally irradiated final hosts. The latter animals were also given an excess of primed T cells and challenged with DNP-BSA. The anti-DNP response of the final hosts measures the ability of memory B cells to propagate memory.
The relationship between the expression of surface immunoglobulin isotype (IgM, IgD, IgG), and the ability to produce AFC or propagate memory was studied by purifying populations of IgM+, IgD+, and IgG+ memory B cells on the FACS. The experimental results show that IgM+, IgD+, and IgG+ cells give rise to AFC, but that only the IgD+ subset can propagate memory. This suggests that memory B cells lacking surface IgD undergo terminal differentiation after antigenic stimulation, but that those bearing IgD are capable of self-renewal.
Induction of Allograft Tolerance after Total Lymphoid Irradiation (TLI): Development of Suppressor Cells of the Mixed Leukocyte Reaction (MLR)
Authors: Slavin S. , Strober S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We searched for the presence of suppressor cells of the MLR in C57BL/Ka → BALB/c chimeras. The chimeras were made with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and marrow transplantation. Spleen cells from the old chimeras inhibited the MLR of BALB/c responder cells against C57BL/Ka stimulator cells. Inhibition was specific for the stimulator cells, since no effect on the MLR was observed with C3H or BALB.C3H stimulator cells. Maximal inhibition was achieved when the responder cells in the MLR shared the H-2 haplotype of the chimeric recipient. Spleen cells obtained from chimeras young 30 to 40 days after BM transplantation inhibited the MLR nonspecifically, since similar marked inhibition was observed regardless of the H-2 haplotype of the responder or stimulator cells. The finding of antigen-specific and nonspecific suppressor cells is similar to that observed in mice rendered tolerant to bovine serum albumin after treatment with TLI.
The Heterogeneous Distribution of 5′-Nucleotidase Among Rabbit Lymphocytes
Authors: Gregory Stephen H. , Kern Milton 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Assay of 5′-nucleotidase activity revealed a nonuni-form distribution of enzyme activity among rabbit lymphoid tissues. Although 5′-nucleotidase activity was readily observed in rabbit spleen cells, it was essentially undetectable in cells derived from thymus, blood, bone marrow, and appendix. Popliteal lymph node cells, on the other hand, exhibited approximately 6% of the specific activity observed in spleen. Cytochemical reactions carried out on splenocyte smears showed that only 20% of the spleen cells in the total population possessed demonstrable 5′-nucleotidase activity. The results of cell separation studies indicated that the bulk of the activity was not principally associated with either T cells, B cells, or macrophage cells. However, the association of some enzyme activity with subpopulations of these cell types could not be excluded by this kind of analysis. Autoradiographic studies indicated that 5′-nucleotidase did not afford a selective advantage to those splenocytes possessing the enzyme inasmuch as both enzyme-bearing and enzyme-nonbearing cells, when present in the same population, readily incorporated label derived from extracellular [3H]adenosine-labeled 5′-AMP. Thymus cells, which did not contain a 5′-nucleotidase-bearing population were unable to utilize extracellular 5′-AMP.
The distribution of two other plasma membrane-associated enzymes was also explored. Whereas nucleotide pyrophosphatase was more uniformly distributed, the distribution of phosphodiesterase I was quite heterogeneous yet distinguishable from that observed for 5′-nucleotidase.
Immunoregulation of Localized and Disseminated Murine Myeloma: Antigen-Specific Regulation of Mopc-315 Stem Cell Proliferation and Secretory Cell Differentiation
Authors: Rohrer James W. , Lynch Richard G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tumor development, MOPC-315 stem cells, and M315-secretory cells were quantitated in carrier-primed BALB/c mice that had been challenged subcutaneously or i.v. with mixtures of TNP-carrier and TNP-binding MOPC-315 cells. We observed that tumor incidence, myeloma stem cells, and secretory myeloma cells were: i) suppressed in mice in whom carrier-specific suppressor T cells had previously been induced and ii) initially enhanced in mice with carrier-specific helper T cells. The early enhancement in mice with carrier-specific helper T cells was followed by progressively declining myeloma stem cell frequencies and regression of established tumors. These studies demonstrate that T cell-derived immunoregulators of host origin can be focused onto localized and disseminated malignant B cells and specifically regulate the expansion and differentiation of the neoplastic clone.
Suppressor Activity of T Lymphocytes from Infants Assessed by Co-Culture with Unfractionated Adult Lymphocytes in the Pokeweed Mitogen System
Authors: Miyawaki Toshio , Seki Hidetoshi , Kubo Minoru , Taniguchi Noboru 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
T lymphocytes were isolated by E rosette sedimentation from cord blood lymphocytes and from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy children of various ages. Fc(IgG) receptor-bearing T lymphocytes were enumerated by rosette formation with ox erythrocytes coated by IgG fraction of rabbit antisera. Relative proportions of Fc(IgG) receptor-bearing T cells in T cell-enriched populations of cord blood and newborn infants were higher than those in later life and decreased to near healthy adult levels by 3 months of age. Only a few of lymphocytes in cord blood were differentiated into immunoglobulin(Ig)-producing cells in vitro by poke-weed mitogen-(PWM) stimulation. The generation of Ig-producing cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes increased with age and reached about half the adult mean at 3 years of age.
The suppressor activity of T lymphocytes were evaluated by co-culture with unfractionated adult lymphocytes on PWM-system. The PWM-induced differentiation of adult B lymphocytes into Ig-producing cells was markedly suppressed by the addition of T lymphocytes from cord blood. The suppressor activity of cord T lymphocytes was dose dependent to some extent and appeared to be equally effective on the generation of Ig-producing cells of three major classes, IgG, IgA, and IgM. Such suppressor activity of T lymphocytes was observed throughout infancy and gradually decreased with age. At 2 years of age or later, the suppressor activity of T lymphocytes, as evaluated by co-culture with adult lymphocytes, was not consistently demonstrated.