bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The perspectives of community members on COVID-19-related social stigma and mitigation strategies: A qualitative study in Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Diwan Vishal , Sharma Moina , Sahoo Krushna Chandra , Negi Sapna , Kalyanasundaram Madhanraj , Tiwari Rajnarayan Ramshankar 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Stigma is a well-documented impediment to health-seeking behaviors and treatment adherence. An explicit societal understanding is essential to halt the stigmatization. Studies documented COVID-19-associated stigma among healthcare personnel. However, there is little evidence regarding community perceptions and experiences of the stigma associated with COVID-2019. We described how various communities perceive and experience the stigma associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:
We conducted a phenomenological study in three districts of Madhya Pradesh, with both urban and rural areas. We conducted 36 in-depth phone interviews. All the interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated into English and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:
Two major themes were derived: 1) experiences of coronavirus disease 2019 recovered individuals and community members on discrimination and stigma, and 2) efforts to reduce coronavirus disease 2019-associated discrimination and stigma. Social support is critical in mitigating the adverse effects of stigma and thereby aiding in preventing disease spread. They express gratitude to the local government for moral support. Although activities involving information, education, and communication may be beneficial in reducing the stigma associated with COVID 2019, the mass media have a critical role.

Conclusions:
The multidisciplinary teams comprising medical, social, and behavioral scientists and communication and media experts should be formed to reduce the risk of ambiguous messages and misinformation related to COVID-19 at primary care at the community level. Furthermore, it is vital for anti-stigma orientation among community members via mass media.
Sexual performances after mild and moderate head injury in Indian adult males: An institutional experience
Authors: Satapathy Ayusman , Venkati Gajbhare S. , Satapathy Ashirbad , Tanvi Choubey , Singh Rahul 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide than any other injuries. Disorders in sexual functions constitute one of the most prevalent and least discussed problems following head injury, which need to be studied in detail.

Objective:
To find out the intensity of sexual dysfunction following head injury in Indian adult males.

Methods and materials:
Prospective cohort study was conducted among 75 adult Indian males with mild and moderate head injury with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 4 or 5. Arizona sexual experience (ASEX) scale was used to evaluate sexual changes in these male patients following TBI.

Results:
Most of the patients experienced satisfactory sexual changes (P < 0.0001) in terms of sex drive, sexual arousal, erection, ease of orgasm and orgasm satisfaction. Most of the patients (77.3%) showed a total individual score of ≤18 on ASEX scale. A score of <5 on any one item on ASEX scale was seen in majority (80%) of the patients. In our study, sexual changes experienced following TBI were significantly (P < 0.0001) of mild severity as compared with moderate and severe sexual disability. Type of head injury was not associated with significant (P > 0.05) sexual changes experienced following TBI.

Conclusions:
In this study, some patients experienced mild sexual disability. Addressing those sexual issues, sexual education and rehabilitation programmes following head injury should be an integral part of follow-up care in such patients.
Lateral medullary syndrome: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Thapliyal Khyati , Garg Ashutosh , Singh Vivek P. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Lateral medullary syndrome (LMS) or Wallenberg’s syndrome is an uncommon and often underdiagnosed cause of posterior circulation stroke. Thrombosis, embolization, or dissection of vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) often results into LMS. The most pathognomonic symptoms of LMS includes pain and temperature deficits on ipsilateral facial side and contralateral side of rest of the body, ipsilateral ataxia, vertigo, nystagmus, dysphagia, hoarseness, hiccups and Horner’s syndrome.
We report a case of LMS in a 49-year-old Indian female with no known classical risk factors for stroke who presented with chief complaints of debilitating headache. Clinical examination was suggestive of LMS and radiological investigation confirmed the diagnosis. Patient’s hospital stay was uneventful and she was discharged to home with gradual improvement in her symptoms.
Relevance of health education to e-learning-associated problems among the school-going adolescents in Bareilly city: An interventional study
Authors: Sinha Akanksha , Khatri Vedant , Nath Bhola 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
E-learning has assumed a significant part during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Imposition of health education has productive outcomes on e-learners.

Objectives:
To evaluate the outcome of health education in preventing and controlling the e-learning-associated health problems among the school-going adolescents in Bareilly city by imparting health education and comparing the pre- and post-intervention findings.

Materials and Methods:
An interventional study was led in Bareilly city, Uttar Pradesh, India, among the school-going adolescents aged 10–19 years. All participants were explained about the objectives of the study, and an informed written consent was obtained from the parents or guardians of the study subjects. Data were collected, and their clearing, coding, and recoding were performed appropriately in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. After this, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 23.0) for windows. The pre- and post-effects of health education on the health problems of students involved in e-learning were assessed by comparing the data and applying the paired sample Wilcoxon rank test.

Results:
The pre- and post-effects of health education upon the health problems of students involved in e-learning were evaluated. The various health parameters selected for the comparison were as follows: concentration, mood, behaviour, fitness, headache, body-ache, vision problems, academic performances, body mass index (BMI), sleep cycle, and anxiety. The pre- and post-comparison of all health parameters showed a statistically significant difference.

Conclusions:
The outcome of the study stated a statistically significant difference in values of pre- and post-health parameters (concentration, mood, behaviour, fitness, headache, body-ache, vision problems, academic performances, BMI, sleep cycle, and anxiety) associated with e-learning. Hence, this research is highly relevant to the practice of primary care physicians.
Perceptions of diet diaries’ usage in pediatric dental practice
Authors: Hambire Chaitali , Hambire Umesh , Wani Vaibhav Ravindra 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Diet diaries are a significant tool for dietary assessment and advice. There is paucity of studies assessing the usage of diet diaries by pediatric dentists during their patient management. Hence, this study was designed and conducted to explore the perceptions of the pediatric dentists regarding the possible difficulties and their solutions for the usage of diet diaries in their dental office.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire was designed to understand the awareness of pediatric dentists regarding the utility of diet diaries while preparing the diet modifications for their patients. The factors related with adherence of pediatric patients to the diet diaries were understood by using qualitative research method.

Results:
The information regarding the diet was collected verbally by 78% of pediatric dentists. Monetary constraint (43%), time (35%), poor compliance (12%), and lack of skills (10%) were the other reasons. The results of the qualitative study showed that adhering to diet diaries was a multi-contextual phenomenon.

Conclusions:
Utilization of diet diaries by pediatric dentists and adherence to the diet modifications by the patients are very poor. A supportive health-care system, motivation of parents as well as children, along with an efficient tool seem to be needed for achieving success in utilization of diet diaries.
Assessment of the efficacy of hearing screening program in infants in Zahedan
Authors: Gharibi Reza , Khavidaki Gholam-Ali Dashti 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Hearing loss is one of the major congenital problems. The frequency of this problem in different countries has been found to be 3.5–9%, which may induce negative effects on communications, education, and language learning in children. In addition, diagnosing this problem in infants is not possible without implementing the hearing screening methods. Therefore, the objective of this research was to assess the efficacy of newborn hearing screening programs in Zahedan, Iran.

Method:
In the present cross-sectional observational study, all infants born in the maternity hospitals of Zahedan city (hospitals of Nabi Akram, Imam Ali, and Social Security hospitals) in 2020, were assessed. For conducting the research, TEOAE was primarily performed for all newborns. Following that, according to the findings obtained in the ODA test and in case of inappropriate response, evaluation was performed again for the cases. Cases that were rejected again in the second assessment were subjected to the AABR test and in case of failure in this test, the cases underwent a diagnostic ABR test.

Results:
According to our findings, 7700 babies were initially assessed with the OAE test. Among them, 580 (8%) showed no OAE response. Out of 580 newborns that were rejected in the first phase, 76 babies were also rejected in the second phase and amongst them, 8 cases were re-diagnosed with hearing loss. Finally, out of 3 infants who were diagnosed with hearing impairments, 1 (33%) had conductive hearing loss and 2 (67%) had sensorineural hearing loss.

Conclusion:
According to the results of this research, the use of comprehensive neonatal hearing screening programs is necessary for on-time diagnosis and therapy of hearing loss. In addition, screening programs could help improving the health of newborns and their personal, social, and educational development in the future.
Prispevek naravne skladnje k določanju slogovnih razločkov
Authors: Cvetko Orešnik Varja , Orešnik Janez 
Published: December 2022

V okviru naravne skladnje (osnove katere so povzete v Dodatku) se prispevek osredinja na pare skladenjskih dvojnic, med katerimi je slogovni razloček (npr. ena dvojnica je knjižne narave, druga dvojnica je pogovorne narave). Morda je presenetljivo, da je razloček med knjižnim in pogovornim v okviru naravne skladnje mogoče napovedati, čeprav knjižno in pogovorno nista skladenjski značilnosti. Vsaka napoved je pravilna ob predpostavki naravne skladnje (ki se izraža v lestvici), da je pogovorno bolj naravno kot knjižno, in pod pogojem, da se določijo ustrezne vrednosti naslednjih spremenljivk: (a) skladenjski dvojnici, (b) njuna relativna naravnost, izražena v lestvici, in (c) okolje izpeljave (in posledično vzporedno ali navzkrižno povezovanje vrednosti na lestvicah).
Jezikovno gradivo je angleško in izhaja večinoma iz dela Huddleston/Pullum (2002). Ta opisna slovnica (skoraj 1800 strani) vsebuje okoli 150 uporabnih podatkov o slogovnih razločkih. Toda zaradi prostorskih omejitev so v članku obravnavani samo relevantni podatki s strani 1–282. Zajetih je 14 primerov slogovnih razločkov.
Stanje razumljivosti in razumevanja na Slovenskem
Authors: Smolej Mojca 
Published: December 2022

Na stanje razumevanja in razumljivosti na Slovenskem in obenem tudi ustreznosti zahtev izključevanja ali omejevanja katerekoli ravni norme ali oblike, varietete med drugim kažejo tudi rezultati pismenosti, ali posplošeno, sporazumevalne zmožnosti osnovnošolskih otrok. Rezultati Nacionalnega preverjanja znanja kažejo, da se iz leta v leto stopnjujejo težave pri samostojnem tvorjenju jezikovno pravilnih zaokroženih besedil katerekoli vrste, prav tako pri povzemanju teme, sklepanju o posledicah; posebej izstopajoče je, da precej učencev po 9-letnem šolanju ne dosega niti minimalnih standardov pri rabi lastnega jezika. Kot navajajo poročila (Statistični podatki NPZ), imajo učenci, kadar morajo v izhodiščnih besedilih poiskati ustrezne podatke in jih uporabiti v besedilu, ki ga sami tvorijo, precej težav, čeprav gre tudi pri teh nalogah za naloge, ki po učnem načrtu preverjajo minimalne standarde. Še več težav imajo učenci pri uporabi, ki zahteva tudi analizo in sintezo. To se še posebej izrazito kaže pri samostojnem tvorjenju zaokroženih besedil (in sicer ob besedilu katerekoli zvrsti oz. vrste), in to kljub temu da gre za vodeno pisanje z razmeroma natančnimi navodili glede vsebine, in kljub dejstvu, da imajo učenci s podobnimi besedili (kot je npr. interpretacija grafa) opraviti tudi pri drugih predmetih. Posebno pozornost velja nameniti tudi jezikovni pravilnosti oz. ustreznosti tvorjenih besedil. Čeprav gre za minimalne standarde, učenci z najnižjimi dosežki pri tej točkovani enoti dosegajo komaj kako točko.
Il linguaggio giuridico sloveno e il linguaggio giuridico italiano
Authors: Paolucci Sandro 
Published: December 2022

Nel presente contributo si illustrano gli esiti di una ricerca avente per oggetto il linguaggio giuridico sloveno e il linguaggio giuridico italiano. In primis, si è proceduto allo studio di numerose fonti, da cui sono emerse le origini, l’evoluzione avvenuta nel corso dei secoli e l’influenza di altre lingue sui due linguaggi giuridici in esame. In riferimento a quest’ultimo punto, si pensi all’influsso del francese in seguito all’entrata in vigore del Code Napoleon nel 1804, del tedesco per effetto della dottrina pandettistica verso la fine dell’Ottocento e dell’inglese dall’inizio del Novecento in poi.
Successivamente si è passati allo studio delle principali specialità lessicali e terminologiche dei linguaggi giuridici in generale e del linguaggio giuridico sloveno e italiano in particolare, rilevando talune analogie e differenze particolarmente significative. Per esemplificare, in ambito lessicale si pensi alla marcata presenza della polisemia (per esempio il termine italiano azione può corrispondere in sloveno a tožba, storitev o delnica).
Segue una breve indagine a livello terminologico volta a individuare origine, evoluzione e influenza di altre lingue e di altri sistemi giuridici sulla scelta di determinati termini giuridici, che potremmo definire equivalenti funzionali, presenti rispettivamente nella Costituzione italiana e in quella slovena. Ne emergono elementi alquanto significativi che richiedono naturalmente ulteriori estensioni e approfondimenti.
Novel series of thiazole-based complxes; characterization, structural optimization, in-vitro and in-silico assessments against Covid-19 virus compared to Palxlovid drug
Authors: K. Alnefaie Riman , Abou-Melha Khlood , El-Metwaly Nashwa 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. New thiazole-based complexes were prepared and suggested to be 1:1 metal to ligand ratio. This formula was built depending on different analyses. Various spectroscopic tools were used to confirm the mode of bonding for the ligand towards the metal ions. The ligand behaved as a neutral bidentate mode towards Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) ions. The DFT method was applied to confirm the nucleophilicity of O(13) and N(2) atoms which qualified for excellent coordination. The new compounds were in-silico tested against 6lu7 and 6lzg as the main protease complex of COVID-19 and the receptor of coronavirus spike, respectively. This is according to the recent use of a thiazole-based compound (ritonavir) in treatment of COVID-19. This study was extended to handle the paxlovid antiviral (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) in comparing to new compounds. The ritonavir drug as well as the Co(II) complex appeared as promising inhibitors. To deepen the study, we tested the cytotoxicity of the complexes and interestingly, the Co(II) complex showed a vital inhibition for liver and prostate cancers which exceeds 5-fluorouracil drug.

KEY WORDS: New complexes, Spectral studies, Molecular modelling, In-silico methods towards COVID-19

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 427-447.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.13
Synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations and biological evaluation of azo dye ligand containing 1,3-dimethylxanthine and its Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes
Authors: Shamran Mohammed Hasan , Abed Al-Hasan Hussein , Chaieb Zahira , Zizi Zahia , Najm Abed Hussein 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. The azo dye of 1,3-dimethylxanthine, namely 8-[(4-acetyl phenyl azo)]-1,3-dimethylxanthine (APAX), was prepared in two steps. The first step included the formation of the diazonium salt by reacting 4-aminoacetophenone with sodium nitrite NaNO2 under acidic conditions and completing the diazotization process while maintaining a low temperature below 5 °C. The resulting diazonium salt was reacted with the 1,3-dimethylxanthine compound and obtained on the azo dye, which was characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. DFT calculations were performed to obtain optimized geometry of the ligand. These calculations were performed using three functionals and 6-311++ G (d,p) basis and allow to determinate bond length, bond angles, dihedral and HOMO and LUMO energies. The APAX ligand exhibited considerable color changes when it mixed with solution of cobalt, copper and zinc ions, therefore, it is considered a probe to detect these ions. Metallic complexes of APAX ligand were prepared by interacting aqueous solutions of the metallic salts of Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with APAX ligand under a molar ratio equal to 2:1 (APAX ligand : metal). The APAX dye and the complexes showed exciting biological activity against E. coli, Staph. aureus and Aspergillus. The APAX dye was pH sensitive and exhibited interesting photochromic behavior.

KEY WORDS: 1,3-Dimethylxanthine, Dye, Complexes, pH sensitive, Probe, Bacteria, DFT calculations

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 347-356.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.8
The Influence of Fadama Activities on Women Empowerment in Ede North Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Gasu Martin Binde 
Published: December 2022

The study was conducted to assess the influence of Fadama activities on women empowerment in the Ede North Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained purposively with the use of 240 structured questionnaires in a survey of 24 Fadama Users Groups (FUGs) whose representatives constitute 6 Fadama Communities Associations (FCAs) in the study area. Secondary data were, on the other hand, obtained from existing literature. Data were analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to obtain both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings show that 58.8 percent (mostly women) were into agro-processing, 25.4 percent into farming, 12.5 percent into poultry, and 2.9 percent were into fish farming. The results further show that only 16.25 percent of the respondents received an average monthly income of N29.000-N39.000, 4.16 percent received above N40.000 before the commencement of the program. After the program, 45.00 percent now earned an income of N29.000-N39. 000 while 42.08 percent earned above N40. 000. The result of the factor analysis reveals that the total variance explained by each component extracted made up to 69.61 percent of the total variance, with variable one gender explaining 31.34 percent. The findings from the study revealed that the Fadama program in Ede North Local Government increased the participation and income of rural women farmers in agricultural production, which has helped in reducing the problem of gender discrimination. This trend, we assume, could reduce poverty and advance the success of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Evaluation of HIV Non-occupational Post-exposure Prophylaxis Utilisation in a Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria
Authors: Fatai Olatunde Olanrewaju , Muphy Mufutau Oripelaye , Atinuke Arinola Ajani , Ademola Olusegun Enitan 
Published: December 2022

Background
The Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for more than 70% of the global burden of HIV infections. Non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis, when initiated within 72 hours of HIV exposure for 28 days, can prevent seroconversion in 80% of HIV exposures.
Objectives
To evaluate the characteristics, prevalence and outcome of non-occupational HIV post-exposure prophylaxis utilization in a tertiary hospital.
Method
This was a retrospective study that involved the medical records of 143 patients who sought HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis between 1st June 2011 and 31st May 2021. A questionnaire was used to collect information about the socio-demographic data, profiles of both the source and exposed persons, antiretroviral completion rate and outcome at follow-up.
Results
Females accounted for 125 (87.4%). Sexual assaults were the main reasons for seeking non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis in 119 (83.2%). High-risk exposures were observed in 134 (93.7%). HIV status of the sources was unknown in 126 (88.1%). 123 (86.0%) initiated antiretroviral within 72 hours of exposure and antiretroviral completion rate was 70.6%. Only 28 (19.6%) reported for follow-up scheduled HIV screening and were all negative.
Conclusion
Early initiation of postexposure prophylaxis, improvement in baseline HIV testing of the source, and follow-up HIV screening, will significantly improve services and outcomes.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(3):264-275