bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue-specific biological aging predicts progression in prostate cancer and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ramakrishnan Anitha , Datta Indrani , Panja Sukanya , Patel Harmony , Liu Yingci , Craige Michael W. , Chu Cassandra , Jean-Marie Giselle , Oladoja Abdur-Rahman , Kim Isaac , Mitrofanova Antonina 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionChronological aging is a well-recognized diagnostic and prognostic factor in multiple cancer types, yet the role of biological aging in manifesting cancer progression has not been fully explored yet.MethodsGiven the central role of chronological aging in prostate cancer and AML incidence, here we investigate a tissue-specific role of biological aging in prostate cancer and AML progression. We have employed Cox proportional hazards modeling to associate biological aging genes with cancer progression for patients from specific chronological aging groups and for patients with differences in initial cancer aggressiveness.ResultsOur prostate cancer-specific investigations nominated four biological aging genes (CD44, GADD45B, STAT3, GFAP) significantly associated with time to disease progression in prostate cancer in Taylor et al. patient cohort. Stratified survival analysis on Taylor dataset and validation on an independent TCGA and DKFZ PRAD patient cohorts demonstrated ability of these genes to predict prostate cancer progression, especially for patients with higher Gleason score and for patients younger than 60 years of age. We have further tested the generalizability of our approach and applied it to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our analysis nominated three AML-specific biological aging genes (CDC42EP2, CDC42, ALOX15B) significantly associated with time to AML overall survival, especially for patients with favorable cytogenetic risk score and for patients older than 56 years of age.DiscussionComparison of the identified PC and AML markers to genes selected at random and to known markers of progression demonstrated robustness of our results and nominated the identified biological aging genes as valuable markers of prostate cancer and AML progression, opening new avenues for personalized therapeutic management and potential novel treatment investigations.
Accuracy of lung and diaphragm ultrasound in predicting infant weaning outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Yang , Yin Hong , Wang Mei-Huan , Gao Yue-Hua 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundAlthough lung and diaphragm ultrasound are valuable tools for predicting weaning results in adults with MV, their relevance in children is debatable. The goal of this meta-analysis was to determine the predictive value of lung and diaphragm ultrasound in newborn weaning outcomes.MethodsFor eligible studies, the databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase were thoroughly searched. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS−2) method was used to evaluate the study's quality. Results were gathered for sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the curve of summary receiver operating characteristic curves (AUSROC). To investigate the causes of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted.ResultsA total of 11 studies were suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis, which included 828 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound (LUS) were 0.88 (95%CI, 0.85–0.90) and 0.81 (95%CI, 0.75–0.87), respectively. The DOR for diaphragmatic excursion (DE) is 13.17 (95%CI, 5.65–30.71). The AUSROC for diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) is 0.86 (95%CI, 0.82–0.89). The most sensitive and specific method is LUS. The DE and DTF were the key areas where study heterogeneity was evident.ConclusionsLung ultrasonography is an extremely accurate method for predicting weaning results in MV infants. DTF outperforms DE in terms of diaphragm ultrasound predictive power.
The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum prevents lung tumorigenesis induced by tobacco smoke carcinogens
Authors: Shahid Ayaz , Chen Mengbing , Yeung Steven , Parsa Cyrus , Orlando Robert , Huang Ying 
Published: September 2023

Ganoderma lucidum (GL), commonly known as “Lingzhi”, is a well-known medicinal mushroom with antioxidant and anti-cancer activity. This study examined the effects of a commercial GL product (GLSF) containing the spore and fruiting body in a 30:8 ratio on tobacco smoke carcinogen-induced lung toxicity and carcinogenesis. The potential chemopreventive effect of GLSF was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The non-tumorous human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) were treated with GLSF extract (0.025 and 0.05 mg/mL), which significantly blocked malignant transformation induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) in a dose-dependent manner. To confirm its anti-carcinogenic activity in vivo, the mice were pre-treated with GLSF (2.0 g/kg of body weight) or curcumin (100 mg/kg of body weight) by oral gavage daily for 7 days and then exposed to a single dose of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (125 mg/kg of body weight). The GLSF-treated mice showed a significant reduction in B[a]P-induced lung toxicity, as indicated by decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity, malondialdehyde levels, inflammatory cell infiltration, and improved lung histopathology. We next determined the chemopreventive activity of GLSF in mice which were exposed to two weekly doses of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, 100 mg/kg, on the 1st and 8th days) and fed with control or a modified diet containing GLSF (2.0 g/kg) or metformin (250 mg/kg) for 33 weeks. The GLSF and metformin treatments blocked NNK-induced lung tumor development by decreasing the lung weight, tumor area, and tumor burden compared to the mice exposed to NNK only. GLSF treatment also attenuated the expression of inflammatory, angiogenic, and apoptotic markers in lung tumors. Therefore, GLSF may be used for ameliorating tobacco smoke carcinogens-induced lung toxicity and carcinogenesis.
Psychological need satisfaction across work and personal life: an empirical test of a comprehensive typology
Authors: Fernet Claude , Morin Alexandre J. S. , Mueller Marcus B. , Gillet Nicolas , Austin Stéphanie 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionA comprehensive typology of the satisfaction of psychological needs at work and in personal life was developed and tested. The typology proposes five scenarios (Enriched, Middling, Impoverished, Work-Fulfilled, and Personal Life-Fulfilled) accounting for various profiles of employees showing distinct configurations of global and specific levels of need satisfaction at work and in personal life.MethodsThe scenarios were tested in a sample of 1,024 employees.ResultsUsing latent profile analysis, five profiles were identified that were consistent with four or the five scenarios, either aligned (Globally Satisfied, Globally Unsatisfied) or misaligned (Globally Satisfied at Work with High Relatedness, Globally Satisfied in Personal Life with High Autonomy, and Globally Satisfied in Personal Life with Low Autonomy) across domains. No profile corresponding to the Middling scenario was observed.DiscussionThe results indicate that perceived job and individual characteristics predicted membership in distinct profiles. More importantly, unlike the profile Globally Unsatisfied, the profile Globally Satisfied contributed substantially to higher well-being (vitality and lower psychological distress), and to more favorable job attitudes (job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions) and behaviors (self-rated job performance and lower absenteeism, presenteeism, and work injuries). Furthermore, two of the misaligned profiles were also substantially associated with highly desirable outcome levels.
The effect of smartphone dependence on learning burnout among undergraduates: the mediating effect of academic adaptability and the moderating effect of self-efficacy
Authors: Chen Chunmei , Shen Yuanyi , Xiao Fanghao , Ni Jianchao , Zhu Yujie 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionSmartphone dependence is closely related to the physical and mental health development of undergraduates and their learning. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between smartphone dependence, academic adaptability, self-efficacy and learning burnout among undergraduates and its underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe study was conducted on 2,110 undergraduates using the Smartphone Dependence Scale, the Undergraduates Learning Adjustment Scale, the Learning Burnout Undergraduates Scale and the Self-Efficacy Scale to develop a mediation model and a moderation model.ResultsThe findings of this study revealed that (1) smartphone dependence significantly negatively predicted academic adaptability; (2) academic adaptability significantly negatively predicted learning burnout; (3) smartphone dependence significantly positively predicted learning burnout; (4) academic adaptability partially mediated the effect of smartphone dependence on learning burnout; (5) self-efficacy played a moderating role in the effect of academic adaptability on learning burnout.ConclusionThese findings can help researchers and educators better understand the underlying mechanisms between smartphone dependence and learning burnout in undergraduates.
Attitudes towards sex workers: a nationwide cross-sectional survey among German healthcare providers
Authors: Langenbach Benedikt P. , Thieme Andreas , van der Veen Raquel , Reinehr Sabrina , Neuendorff Nina R. 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundWorldwide, sex workers face stigmatization and discrimination, also within healthcare. Only few studies on healthcare providers’ attitudes towards care of sex workers have been performed. This study assessed attitudes and knowledge of healthcare providers in Germany towards sex workers and their specific health risks.MethodsGerman healthcare professionals and medical students were invited to participate in a nationwide cross-sectional study in 2022. The online survey used a German translation of the “Attitudes towards Prostitutes and Prostitution Scale” by Levin and Peled for assessment of attitudes towards sex work and workers, together with prevalence estimates of common mental and physical disorders.ResultsA total of 469 questionnaires were included into analysis. Older participants tended to regard sex work as less of a choice (p &lt; 0.004) and sex workers as more victimized (p &lt; 0.001). The frequency of professional contact to sex workers neither affected the perception of sex workers’ status as victims vs. independent individuals, nor the perceived moral status. Moreover, healthcare professionals overestimated the prevalence of various disorders which was influenced by participants’ attitudes towards sex workers.DiscussionA comparison to a recent Allensbach survey demonstrated similar attitudes of healthcare providers and the general population towards sex workers. Our results suggest that German healthcare professionals are not free of prejudices against sex workers, as has been shown for other marginalized groups in society. Instead, they seem to be influenced by personal opinion rather than by objective facts which they should have acquired during their professional education. Future interventions (e.g., better training regarding marginal societal groups) are necessary to encounter these issues in order to improve healthcare for sex workers.
The impact of endometriosis on depressive and anxiety symptoms and quality of life: a systematic review
Authors: Szypłowska Małgorzata , Tarkowski Rafał , Kułak Krzysztof 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionEndometriosis is a common gynecological disorder affecting approximately 10–15% of women of reproductive age. The main complaints of patients with endometriosis are pain and fertility problems. Symptoms of endometriosis can impact the psychological functioning of the patients and significantly compromise their mental health.Methods The aim of this review was to assess the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and quality of life in endometriosis patients. For this systematic review, we searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, ProQuest, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect electronic databases up to March 2023 to identify potentially relevant studies. The systematic review in the present paper is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance.ResultsOf four records identified, 18 were eligible to be reviewed on the association between endometriosis and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Of 8,901 records identified, 28 were reviewed on the association between endometriosis and quality of life. The reviewed articles showed a prevalence ranging from 9.8 to 98.5% for depressive symptoms and 11.5 to 87.5% for anxiety. The quality of life in patients with endometriosis was significantly impaired, regardless of the tool used for evaluation.DiscussionThis systematic review shows that endometriosis is associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms and impaired HRQoL. Broad correlating factors modulate mental health outcomes, indicating the complex relationship between the disease and the psychological health of the patients.
Gait analysis comparison between manual marking, 2D pose estimation algorithms, and 3D marker-based system
Authors: Menychtas Dimitrios , Petrou Nikolaos , Kansizoglou Ioannis , Giannakou Erasmia , Grekidis Athanasios , Gasteratos Antonios , Gourgoulis Vassilios , Douda Eleni , Smilios Ilias , Michalopoulou Maria , Sirakoulis Georgios Ch. , Aggelousis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionRecent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Vision (CV) have led to automated pose estimation algorithms using simple 2D videos. This has created the potential to perform kinematic measurements without the need for specialized, and often expensive, equipment. Even though there's a growing body of literature on the development and validation of such algorithms for practical use, they haven't been adopted by health professionals. As a result, manual video annotation tools remain pretty common. Part of the reason is that the pose estimation modules can be erratic, producing errors that are difficult to rectify. Because of that, health professionals prefer the use of tried and true methods despite the time and cost savings pose estimation can offer.MethodsIn this work, the gait cycle of a sample of the elderly population on a split-belt treadmill is examined. The Openpose (OP) and Mediapipe (MP) AI pose estimation algorithms are compared to joint kinematics from a marker-based 3D motion capture system (Vicon), as well as from a video annotation tool designed for biomechanics (Kinovea). Bland-Altman (B-A) graphs and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) are used to identify regions of statistically significant difference.ResultsResults showed that pose estimation can achieve motion tracking comparable to marker-based systems but struggle to identify joints that exhibit small, but crucial motion.DiscussionJoints such as the ankle, can suffer from misidentification of their anatomical landmarks. Manual tools don't have that problem, but the user will introduce a static offset across the measurements. It is proposed that an AI-powered video annotation tool that allows the user to correct errors would bring the benefits of pose estimation to professionals at a low cost.
Virtual reality exposure therapy for reducing social anxiety associated with stuttering: the role of outcome expectancy, therapeutic alliance, presence and social presence
Authors: Chard Ian , Van Zalk Nejra , Picinali Lorenzo 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Although several trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) for reducing social anxiety, there is little understanding about the factors that lead to symptom reduction across different treatment designs. Such factors may include outcome expectancy, therapeutic alliance, presence (perception of being in the virtual environment) and social presence (perception of interacting with others). We report on findings from a pilot trial of VRET targeting social anxiety in people who stutter, and examine the association of these four factors with treatment outcome.Methods: People who stutter reporting heightened social anxiety (n = 22) took part in the trial after being recruited via online adverts. Remotely delivered VRET was administered to participants in three sessions across three weeks. Each session targeted both performative and interactive anxiety. A virtual therapist helped participants to engage with treatment strategies, whilst also guiding them through exercises.Results: Findings showed that presence and social presence were both negatively related to changes in fear of negative evaluation between pre- and post-treatment. However, presence, outcome expectancy and therapeutic alliance were positively related to changes in social anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, outcome expectancy and therapeutic alliance were quadratically related to fear of negative evaluation change. Nevertheless, the effect of presence on social anxiety, and the effects of presence and therapeutic alliance on fear of negative evaluation must be interpreted with caution as these were not large enough to reach sufficient statistical power. Therapeutic alliance did not mediate the relationship between outcome expectancy and treatment outcome.Discussion: These findings suggest that the current VRET protocol affected social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation differently. We discuss how presence may underlie these mixed associations. We also suggest that the unexpected positive effects on social anxiety symptoms may have resulted from insufficient treatment strategies which inadvertently encouraged maladaptive learning.
U.S. manure methane emissions represent a greater contributor to implied climate warming than enteric methane emissions using the global warming potential* methodology
Authors: Beck Matthew R. , Thompson Logan R. , Rowntree Jason E. , Thompson Terra N. , Koziel Jacek A. , Place Sara E. , Stackhouse-Lawson Kim R. 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionIt is important to relate different greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to a carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalence (CO2-e) basis. This is typically done by multiplying the emissions of a GHG by its global warming potential (GWP), usually on a 100-year basis (GWP100). For methane (CH4), the predominant GHG from livestock production, the GWP100 value is 28. The GWP100 method has been shown to not adequately relate CH4 emissions to actual climate warming due to CH4′s short atmospheric lifespan (~12 years). As such, a newer method has been developed, termed GWP*. This method relates current emission rates to previous emission rates, typically on a 20-year time horizon. To date, the implications of using GWP* rather than GWP100 have not been discussed for manure emissions and have not been discussed for enteric and manure emissions relative to different livestock species or geographical regions of the United States.MethodsUsing emission estimate data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), we assessed how national manure and enteric CH4 emissions changed from 1990 to 2020.ResultsThe average rate of change was analyzed by regression. Enteric CH4 emissions remained relatively constant with a non-significant slope (P = 0.51), whereas manure CH4 emissions have been increasing (P &lt; 0.01; R2 = 0.96) by 0.03-MMT/year. Furthermore, investigation demonstrated that the increase in manure CH4 emissions was largely driven by the dairy (25.9-kt increase in manure CH4 per year; P &lt; 0.01; R2 = 0.98) and swine (5.4-kt increase in manure CH4 per year; P &lt; 0.01; R2 = 0.50) industries. Due to the increasing emission estimates, manure CH4 [90.8-MMT CO2-warming equivalence (CO2-we) on average] was a larger contributor to climate warming than enteric CH4 (89.2-MMT CO2-we on average) from 2010 through 2020, when calculated with the GWP* methodology. This stands in contrast to the GWP100 methodology, which suggests that enteric CH4 emissions (191-MMT CO2-e) from 2010 to 2020 were on average 206% greater contributors to warming than manure CH4 emissions (62.3-MMT CO2-e).DiscussionThese results suggest that manure CH4 emissions may be contributing more to climate warming than enteric CH4, and more effort may be required to mitigate this source of emissions.
Do Silicon and Salicylic Acid Attenuate Water Deficit Damage in Talisia esculenta Radlk Seedlings?
Authors: Figueiredo Vanda Maria de Aquino , Scalon Silvana de Paula Quintão , Santos Cleberton Correia , Linné Jéssica Aline , Silverio Juliana Milene , Cerqueira Wállas Matos , de Almeida João Lucas da Costa Santos 
Published: September 2023

Water deficit is one of the factors that most influence plant growth and yield. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of silicon and salicylic acid application and water deficit on the growth and photosynthetic and osmoregulatory metabolism of Talisia esculenta Radlk. seedlings and their recovery potential after the resumption of irrigation. Six treatments were performed: irrigation, irrigation suspension, irrigation suspension + silicon at 0.5 g L−1, irrigation suspension + silicon at 1.0 g L−1, irrigation suspension + salicylic acid at 50 mg L−1, and irrigation suspension + salicylic acid at 100 mg L−1. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning of the experiment, at 10 and 15 days after irrigation suspension, when the seedlings showed a photosynthetic rate close to zero, and at recovery. The plants were subjected to water restriction for up to 15 days, then re-irrigated until the recovery point, which was monitored based on the photosynthetic rate. Silicon application attenuated the harmful effects of water deficit on gas exchange and initial fluorescence, promoted proline accumulation in the leaf and root, and provided higher seedling quality. Salicylic acid application contributed to the maintenance of the relative water content of leaves during the water deficit period. Silicon and salicylic acid applications can attenuate the harmful effects of water stress, with silicon being the most effective agent in maintaining its growth and metabolism.
Assessment of cancer alertness level in dentists: large regional centre case study (Altai Territory)
Authors: Lunitsyna Yu. V. , Tokmakova S. I. , Bondarenko O. V. 
Published: September 2023

Relevance. Numerous studies confirm the increase in malignant neoplasm number in the incidence pattern worldwide. The proportion of oral mucosa diseases, including precancerous lesions and cancer, is also quite high in dental diseases. Cancer alertness is a paramount professional competence for a dentist, and its implementation should be a priority in daily practical work. Studies conducted by a number of authors in various regions of our country prove the fact of low cancer alertness in clinicians.The study aimed to assess the level of cancer alertness in dentists of the Altai Territory.Material and methods. To achieve the goal, the study surveyed 1,150 dentists of the Altai Territory with various specializations and work experience in institutions of various forms of ownership.Results. The mistakes made by dentists proved to be often caused by non-compliance with the patient examination protocol, insufficient knowledge of cancer alertness principles and existing screening methods. In addition, the study found routing errors in patients with a diagnosed malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity and little knowledge of the main regional documents concerning the provision of care to patients with cancer.Conclusion. Thus, analyzing the survey results, we revealed the imperfection of early diagnosis of oncological diseases at a dental appointment in the Territory. Insufficient knowledge of screening tests and patient routing schemes by dentists, the principles of cancer alertness, and lack of examination represent a serious problem that prevents early diagnosis of a disease.