bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SAIL study of stroke, systemic embolism and bleeding outcomes with warfarin anticoagulation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (S4-BOW-AF)
Authors: Harris Daniel E , Torabi Fatemeh , Mallory Daniel , Akbari Ashley , Thayer Daniel , Wang Ting , Grundy Sarah , Gravenor Mike , Alikhan Raza , Lister Steven , Halcox Julian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
In patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) prescribed warfarin, the association between guideline defined international normalised ratio (INR) control and adverse outcomes in unknown. We aimed to (i) determine stroke and systemic embolism (SSE) and bleeding events in NVAF patients prescribed warfarin; and (ii) estimate the increased risk of these adverse events associated with poor INR control in this population.

Methods and results
Individual-level population-scale linked patient data were used to investigate the association between INR control and both SSE and bleeding events using (i) the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) criteria of poor INR control [time in therapeutic range (TTR) &lt;65%, two INRs &lt;1.5 or two INRs &gt;5 in a 6-month period or any INR &gt;8]. A total of 35 891 patients were included for SSE and 35 035 for bleeding outcome analyses. Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.5 (SD = 1.7), and the mean follow up was 4.3 years for both analyses. Mean TTR was 71.9%, with 34% of time spent in poor INR control according to NICE criteria.
SSE and bleeding event rates (per 100 patient years) were 1.01 (95%CI 0.95–1.08) and 3.4 (95%CI 3.3–3.5), respectively, during adequate INR control, rising to 1.82 (95%CI 1.70–1.94) and 4.8 (95% CI 4.6–5.0) during poor INR control.
Poor INR control was independently associated with increased risk of both SSE [HR = 1.69 (95%CI = 1.54–1.86), P &lt; 0.001] and bleeding [HR = 1.40 (95%CI 1.33–1.48), P &lt; 0.001] in Cox-multivariable models.

Conclusion
Guideline-defined poor INR control is associated with significantly higher SSE and bleeding event rates, independent of recognised risk factors for stroke or bleeding.
Heterogeneous plaque–lumen geometry is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events
Authors: Gu Sophie Z , Huang Yuan , Costopoulos Charis , Jessney Benn , Bourantas Christos , Teng Zhongzhao , Losdat Sylvain , Maehara Akiko , Räber Lorenz , Stone Gregg W , Bennett Martin R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Prospective studies show that only a minority of plaques with higher risk features develop future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), indicating the need for more predictive markers. Biomechanical estimates such as plaque structural stress (PSS) improve risk prediction but require expert analysis. In contrast, complex and asymmetric coronary geometry is associated with both unstable presentation and high PSS, and can be estimated quickly from imaging. We examined whether plaque–lumen geometric heterogeneity evaluated from intravascular ultrasound affects MACE and incorporating geometric parameters enhances plaque risk stratification.

Methods and results
We examined plaque–lumen curvature, irregularity, lumen aspect ratio (LAR), roughness, PSS, and their heterogeneity indices (HIs) in 44 non-culprit lesions (NCLs) associated with MACE and 84 propensity-matched no-MACE-NCLs from the PROSPECT study. Plaque geometry HI were increased in MACE-NCLs vs. no-MACE-NCLs across whole plaque and peri-minimal luminal area (MLA) segments (HI curvature: adjusted P = 0.024; HI irregularity: adjusted P = 0.002; HI LAR: adjusted P = 0.002; HI roughness: adjusted P = 0.004). Peri-MLA HI roughness was an independent predictor of MACE (hazard ratio: 3.21, P &lt; 0.001). Inclusion of HI roughness significantly improved the identification of MACE-NCLs in thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFA, P &lt; 0.001), or with MLA ≤ 4 mm2 (P &lt; 0.001), or plaque burden (PB) ≥ 70% (P &lt; 0.001), and further improved the ability of PSS to identify MACE-NCLs in TCFA (P = 0.008), or with MLA ≤ 4 mm2 (P = 0.047), and PB ≥ 70% (P = 0.003) lesions.

Conclusion
Plaque–lumen geometric heterogeneity is increased in MACE vs. no-MACE-NCLs, and inclusion of geometric heterogeneity improves the ability of imaging to predict MACE. Assessment of geometric parameters may provide a simple method of plaque risk stratification.
Decolonizing classroom discourse: insights from interactional research
Authors: Kimura Daisuke , Tsai Aurora 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the goal of contributing to ongoing efforts to decolonize ELT, this article addresses the potential of microanalytic research into classroom interaction in disrupting hegemonic forces of coloniality. Microanalytic research provides a step-by-step, minute examination of interactional discourse, and it has the capacity to reveal gaps between official policies/participants’ beliefs and actual communication practices. To set the scene, we begin the article with a sketch of our experience in Japan and a review of previous studies reporting on teachers’ struggles and responses in confronting coloniality in the ELT classroom. We then turn to microanalytic research to show how this strand of work may complement ongoing efforts towards decolonizing ELT by foregrounding participants’ resourcefulness and agency in rewriting existing norms and structures. In closing, we consider future directions for decolonizing ELT classroom interaction research and pedagogy, emphasizing the affordances of microanalytic insights for pedagogical reflection and practice.
A 6-O-endosulfatase activity assay based on synthetic heparan sulfate oligomers
Authors: Benicky Julius , Sanda Miloslav , Panigrahi Aswini , Liu Jian , Wang Zhangjie , Pagadala Vijayakanth , Su Guowei , Goldman Radoslav 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sulf-2 is an extracellular heparan 6-O-endosulfatase involved in the postsynthetic editing of heparan sulfate (HS), which regulates many important biological processes. The activity of the Sulf-2 and its substrate specificity remain insufficiently characterized in spite of more than two decades of studies of this enzyme. This is due, in part, to the difficulties in the production and isolation of this highly modified protein and due to the lack of well-characterized synthetic substrates for the probing of its catalytic activity. We introduce synthetic HS oligosaccharides to fill this gap, and we use our recombinant Sulf-2 protein to show that a paranitrophenol (pNP)-labeled synthetic oligosaccharide allows a reliable quantification of its enzymatic activity. The substrate and products of the desulfation reaction are separated by ion exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography and quantified by UV absorbance. This simple assay allows the detection of the Sulf-2 activity at high sensitivity (nanograms of the enzyme) and specificity. The method also allowed us to measure the heparan 6-O-endosulfatase activity in biological samples as complex as the secretome of cancer cell lines. Our in vitro measurements show that the N-glycosylation of the Sulf-2 enzyme affects the activity of the enzyme and that phosphate ions substantially decrease the Sulf-2 enzymatic activity. This assay offers an efficient, sensitive, and specific measurement of the heparan 6-O-endosulfatase activity that could open avenues to in vivo activity measurements and improve our understanding of the enzymatic editing of the sulfation of heparan.
502 The effects of removing the requirement for prior reimbursement approval on anticoagulant use in Ireland: A cross sectional study
Authors: Scannell M , Burton E , Kearney P M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Prior approval for reimbursement is a cost containment policy, aimed at reducing demand (1). It has been used temporarily in the Irish Healthcare system to deal with the initial financial challenges posed by the shift in use towards the Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) (apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban and dabigatran) from warfarin. Improved safety of DOACs use was a secondary aim of this policy. The use of prior approval policies is increasing in Ireland but studies assessing their effectiveness are limited.

Aim
To examine the effect of removing the cost containment policy of prior approval for reimbursement of apixaban and rivaroxaban using a national pharmacy claims database.

Methods
The Health Service Executive-Primary Care Reimbursement Service database in Ireland was used in this cross-sectional study. The prescribing frequencies and associated costs of the oral anticoagulants; ((OACs) apixaban, rivaroxaban, and warfarin) listed in the top 100 most frequently prescribed drugs on the Community Drug Schemes (CDS), between 2018 and 2021 were examined. Levothyroxine was used as a negative control to detect any external deviances in the prescribing data records. Interrupted time series Poisson regression was used to assess the impact of removing the approval requirement of apixaban in September 2019 followed by the other DOACs in November 2020.

Results
The prescribing frequency of OACs increased by almost 20% during the study period. Figure1 shows the prescribing frequencies of apixaban , rivaroxaban , warfarin and levothyroxine on each of the three community drug schemes – General medical scheme (GMS), Drug payments scheme (DPS) and Long term illness scheme (LTI) during the study period.Timelines at September 2019 and November 2020 show the removal of prior approval for apixaban and all DOACs respectively.

This study showed there were significant differences in the proportion of OACs prescribed among the CDS. A statistically significant decreased use of apixaban (&lt;1%, p&lt;0.05) occurred when prior approval was removed for all DOACs.

Conclusion
The removal of prior approval for reimbursement of DOACs in Ireland had a minimal impact on the prescribing frequency trends of the OACs. Future use of these potentially useful policies by healthcare systems requires careful consideration of drug type, approval criteria and length of time the policy remains in place.

References
1. Moreno-Serra R. The impact of cost-containment policies on health expenditure 2014 Available from: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/paper/budget-13-5jxx2wl6lp9p
Reparations for Indigenous Women Subjected to Sexual and Environmental Violence in the Colombian Post-Peace Agreement
Authors: Loperena Ana Iris , Rosas Fabián , Cáceres Paula , Carianil Laura , Santamaria Angela 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT∞
The peace agreement with the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia involved both gender- and ethnic-based approaches. However, crimes against the sexual freedom and integrity of indigenous women and related territorial rights reparations continue to be problematic. Notably, no in-depth knowledge exists regarding the individual and collective effects of sexual and environmental violence on indigenous women, the obstacles hindering their access to ordinary justice, special indigenous jurisdiction or peace jurisdiction. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the conceptualizations of restorative justice and reparation from the perspective of indigenous Wiwa women. To do so, it focuses on the case of the Marokazo and Teyunke regions, examining some important characteristics of indigenous reparation processes vis-à-vis sexual and environmental violence against this community. It also explores the individual conditions underlying the development of local indigenous reparation processes and the place of biological materials and natural resources in these reparation processes.
Effects of prenatal and postnatal melatonin supplementation on overall performance, male reproductive performance, and testicular hemodynamics in beef cattle
Authors: Reid Dana S , Geary Thomas W , Zezeski Abigail L , Waterman Richard C , Van Emon Megan L , Messman Riley D , Burnett Derris D , Lemley Caleb O 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Melatonin has been documented to alleviate compromised pregnancies and enhance livestock performance traits. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of prenatal and postnatal melatonin supplementation on overall calf performance and dam milking traits in relation to calves, molecular factors involved in growth and metabolism of calves, along with testicular physiology and fertility traits in subsequent bulls. On days 190, 220 and 250 of gestation, dams (N = 60) were administered either two subdermal ear melatonin implants (preMEL) or no implants (preCON). After parturition, birth weights were recorded and calves were blocked based on prenatal treatment and sex. Calves received either melatonin implants (posMEL) or none (posCON) on days 0, 30, and 60 of age. On day 60 of lactation, a subset of dams (N = 32) were selected based on age, weight, and calf sex for milk collection and analysis. At weaning, (day 210 postnatally) calf weight, morphometric data, liver samples, and loin samples were collected. At 12 mo of age, bull (N = 30) scrotal circumference, scrotal temperature, and testicular artery measurements were recorded. Milk yield and fat percent from dams tended to decrease in the preMEL group (P &lt; 0.07) compared with preCON group. Prenatal melatonin administration did not affect (P = 0.95) calf birth weight and similarly calf weaning weight was unaffected (P &lt; 0.10) by prenatal or postnatal melatonin supplementation. Blood analysis demonstrated that plasma concentrations of melatonin were not different (P = 0.12) in dams; however, an increase (P &lt; 0.001) in plasma concentrations of melatonin was observed in posMEL vs. posCON calves. A tendency (P &lt; 0.10) for decreased MYF5 and MYOD1 expression in loin muscle was observed in the posMEL calves. Prenatal and postnatal melatonin administration did not affect subsequent bull scrotal measurements or testicular hemodynamics (P ≥ 0.14). Administering supplemental melatonin via implants during the prenatal and postnatal phase did not alter performance characteristics in offspring. In this study, dams were implanted in winter months, whereas calves were implanted in the spring months. Seasonal differences involving photoperiod and ambient temperature might have attributed to a lack of differences in melatonin levels during the prenatal phase. In the postnatal period, the level of developmental plasticity appears to be too low for melatonin properties to be effective.
New York State Tick Blitz: harnessing community-based science to understand range expansion of ticks
Authors: Foley Nicole , Balamurali Siddhi , Lampman Joellen , Gangloff-Kaufman Jody , Eastwood Gillian , Cumbie Alexandra N , Mader Emily M , Harrington Laura C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases are an immense public health burden in New York State (NYS), United States. Tick species and associated pathogens are expanding into new areas, shifting threats to human, and animal health across the state. For example, the invasive tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), was first detected in the United States in 2017 and has since been identified in 17 states, including NYS. In addition, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) is a native tick thought to be reestablishing historical populations in NYS. We implemented a community-based science project called the “NYS Tick Blitz” to determine the distribution of A. americanum and H. longicornis in NYS. Community volunteers were recruited, provided with education, training, and materials to conduct active tick sampling during a 2-wk period in June 2021. Fifty-nine volunteers sampled 164 sites across 15 counties, for a total of 179 separate collection events and 3,759 ticks collected. The most frequently collected species was H. longicornis, followed by Dermacentor variabilis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), and A. americanum, respectively. Through the NYS Tick Blitz collections, H. longicornis was identified for the first time in Putnam County. We conducted pooled pathogen testing on a subset of specimens, with the highest rates of infection detected for pathogens transmitted by I. scapularis, including Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia microti. Most participants who completed a follow-up survey (n = 23, 71.9%) were promoters of the NYS Tick Blitz and 50% (n = 15) reported that they enjoyed participating in meaningful science.
Identifying suitable habitat forIxodes scapularis(Acari: Ixodidae) infected withAnaplasma phagocytophilum(Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae),Babesia microti(Piroplasmida: Babesiidae), andBorrelia miyamotoi(Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) to guide surveillance efforts in the eastern United States
Authors: Burtis James C , Foster Erik , Parise Christina M , Eisen Rebecca J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the distribution of infected ticks is informative for the estimation of risk for tickborne diseases. The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae), is the primary vector for 7 medically significant pathogens in United States. However, knowledge of the ranges of these pathogens in host-seeking ticks is incomplete, particularly for those occurring at low prevalence. To aid in prioritizing costly field sampling efforts, we estimated ranges of suitable habitat for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi in the eastern United States based on existing county-level surveillance records. The resulting suitability maps were compared against those developed previously for Bo. burgdorferi s.s., which shares similar ecology but has been detected in a greater number of counties. The overall accuracy of the habitat suitability models was high (AUC ≥ 0.92) for all 4 pathogens. The most important predictors were related to temperature and moisture. The upper midwestern and northeastern states were predicted to be highly suitable for all 4 pathogens. Based on our models, we prioritized sampling in 431, 275, and 539 counties currently lacking pathogen records that our models classified as suitable for A. phagocytophilum, Ba. microti, and Bo. miyamotoi, respectively. As a second-tier priority, we identified 311 (A. phagocytophilum), 590 (Ba. microti), and 252 (Bo. miyamotoi) counties, based on high suitability scores for Bo. burgdorferi. Our models can be used to improve cost-effectiveness of field sampling efforts aimed at improving accuracy and completeness of pathogen distribution maps.
Successful replantation of total scalp amputation due to dog bites in geriatric patient with prolonged tissue ischemia and comorbidities: a case report
Authors: Muzakkie Mufida , Hasbi Hilda Nadhila , Tardha Muhammad Tafdhil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTraumatic scalp amputation is a rare and life-threatening case causing massive blood loss and serious tissue damage. This report aims to record a successful scalp replantation on a 69-year-old woman with total scalp amputation due to dog bites. The challenges of this case were age, prolonged tissue ischemia and several comorbidities such as high glucose index (uncontrolled diabetes mellitus), hypertension and obesity. After 2 hours of admission, 9 hours of stabilization and 7 hours of revascularization, left superficial temporal artery and vein end-to-end anastomosis was successful, adding to 18 hours total of warm tissue ischemia time. The patient was discharged on Day 8 without signs of reperfusion injury or infection. Elderly patients with comorbidities and long-term tissue ischemia may be at risk for reperfusion injury and infection. However, sufficient vascular anastomosis, good tissue quality and optimal evaluation can achieve a good result.
Giant retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma: a case report
Authors: Hermi Amine , Boussaffa Hamza , Saadi Ahmed , BelHadjKacem Linda , Chakroun Marouene , Slama Riadh Ben 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRetroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas are rare tumors, mostly malignant. They are silent slow growing, and at the time of diagnosis, they are often of a considerable size. Management necessitates en bloc resection of the mass with adjacent organs, which is often challenging due to large size of the tumor. Herein, we present a case of 59-year-old male patient presenting for surgical management of 190 × 150 × 140 mm retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma.
Small bowel ischemia secondary to gastric pacemaker wires—a case report
Authors: Goyal Vinay , Elshiekh Mohanad , Drinnon Kyle , Puckett Yanna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGastric stimulator has been used as a surgical option for patients with gastroparesis refractory to medical management. Only one previous report of small bowel gangrene secondary to gastric pacemaker wires has been reported in the literature. Our patient was a 38-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus and history of total colectomy who underwent an uneventful open gastric pacemaker placement for idiopathic gastroparesis. Four months after the initial placement of the pacemaker, she presented to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain and was found to have gangrene of 140 cm of small bowel secondary to looping of gastric pacemaker wires around small bowel mesentery. She underwent uneventful small bowel resection and anastomosis with an ileorectal anastomosis. This case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion for this catastrophic complication in patients with gastric pacemakers.
Extensive subcutaneous emphysema and intra-abdominal sepsis following haemorrhoid operation: a rare complication of a novel procedure
Authors: Turco Jennifer D , Trivedi Anand 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDoppler-guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation and recto anal repair (HAL-RAR) procedure is a relatively new, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of Grades III and IV haemorrhoids. A 71-year-old female presented with sepsis, abdominal distension and extensive subcutaneous emphysema and was found to have intra- and extraperitoneal rectal perforation requiring repair, laparoscopy and sigmoid colostomy. Suture ligation of the haemorrhoidal artery can inadvertently be above the peritoneal reflection and result in full thickness rectal perforation secondary to ischaemic necrosis. Previous vaginal prolapse mesh repair should be considered as a relative contraindication to HAL-RAR as it can significantly distort the anatomy.
Diverticular perforation of terminal ileum associated with chemotherapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Kasuga So , Abe Shinya , Nozawa Hiroaki , Sasaki Kazuhito , Murono Koji , Emoto Shigenobu , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Yuichiro , Nagai Yuzo , Yoshioka Yuichiro , Shinagawa Takahide , Sonoda Hirofumi , Ushiku Tetsuo , Ishihara Soichiro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA 71-year-old man was diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma and treated with chemotherapy developed ileocecal diverticulitis three times over the last 2 months of receiving second-line treatment. During the fourth diverticulitis event, the patient presented with fever and abdominal pain, worsening after 5 days. Abdominal computed tomography showed ascites and intra-abdominal free air, suggesting bowel perforation with acute diffuse peritonitis. We performed emergency surgery; the surgical findings showed diverticulosis with perforated diverticula in the ileocecal region. We performed ileocecal resection, an ileostomy and a mucous fistula of the ascending colon. Histopathological examinations revealed pseudodiverticula at the perforation, where the mucosa was depressed through the muscularis propria. Hence, we diagnosed perforated ileal diverticulitis. Repeated diverticulitis triggered by chemotherapy might have resulted in perforation. Small bowel diverticula are rare, but diverticulitis can occur in patients receiving chemotherapy and with cases of unexplained fever and abdominal pain.