bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update
Authors: Patel Payal K. , Advani Sonali D. , Kofman Aaron D. , Lo Evelyn , Maragakis Lisa L. , Pegues David A. , Pettis Ann Marie , Saint Sanjay , Trautner Barbara , Yokoe Deborah S. , Meddings Jennifer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract and purposeThe intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format designed to assist physicians, nurses, and infection preventionists at acute-care hospitals in implementing and prioritizing their catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention efforts. This document updates the Strategies to Prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Acute-Care Hospitals published in 2014. It is the product of a collaborative effort led by SHEA, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), the American Hospital Association (AHA), and The Joint Commission.
Relative Dehn functions, hyperbolically embedded subgroups and combination theorems
Authors: Bigdely Hadi , Martínez-Pedroza Eduardo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConsider the following classes of pairs consisting of a group and a finite collection of subgroups:•
$ \mathcal{C}= \left \{ (G,\mathcal{H}) \mid \text{$\mathcal{H}$ is hyperbolically embedded in $G$} \right \}$
•
$ \mathcal{D}= \left \{ (G,\mathcal{H}) \mid \text{the relative Dehn function of $(G,\mathcal{H})$ is well-defined} \right \} .$
Let
$G$
be a group that splits as a finite graph of groups such that each vertex group
$G_v$
is assigned a finite collection of subgroups
$\mathcal{H}_v$
, and each edge group
$G_e$
is conjugate to a subgroup of some
$H\in \mathcal{H}_v$
if
$e$
is adjacent to
$v$
. Then there is a finite collection of subgroups
$\mathcal{H}$
of
$G$
such that1.If each
$(G_v, \mathcal{H}_v)$
is in
$\mathcal C$
, then
$(G,\mathcal{H})$
is in
$\mathcal C$
.2.If each
$(G_v, \mathcal{H}_v)$
is in
$\mathcal D$
, then
$(G,\mathcal{H})$
is in
$\mathcal D$
.3.For any vertex
$v$
and for any
$g\in G_v$
, the element
$g$
is conjugate to an element in some
$Q\in \mathcal{H}_v$
if and only if
$g$
is conjugate to an element in some
$H\in \mathcal{H}$
.That edge groups are not assumed to be finitely generated and that they do not necessarily belong to a peripheral collection of subgroups of an adjacent vertex are the main differences between this work and previous results in the literature. The method of proof provides lower and upper bounds of the relative Dehn functions in terms of the relative Dehn functions of the vertex groups. These bounds generalize and improve analogous results in the literature.
Identity, Conflict and Discourse: Understanding Military Contestation in Brazil
Authors: Littlefield Ned , Block Douglas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Brazilian military has recently executed an unexpected return to politics by engaging more actively in domestic policymaking and implementation both before and during the Bolsonaro government, thus jeopardising democratic consolidation. To help understand this development, we examine why the military openly challenges civilian authority over some issues, while remaining silent on others. Whereas prior work emphasises external factors like civilians’ threats to military prerogatives, we argue that contestation of civilian authority stems in no small part from internal military conflict over how to utilise power. The military uses contestation to coordinate prerogatives with civilians and to communicate within the armed forces to increase cohesion. We illustrate this argument with case studies of military contestation surrounding political leadership selection and internal security, using the Army Commander's discourse via Twitter posts and public statements, plus key informant interviews and military publications.
Factor-augmented QVAR models: an observation-driven approach
Authors: Alanya-Beltran Willy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractI develop and study a factor-augmented quasi-vector autoregressive (FAQVAR) model for economic policy analysis in tumultuous times. An observation-driven framework that exploits the information from the score of the model allows a maximum likelihood estimation. This multivariate FAQVAR model, which assumes a Studentterror distribution, is robust to atypical observations such as the global financial crisis and the recent pandemic. The model outperforms the FAVAR moving average model because of the assumed heavy tails that capture the COVID-19 atypical data and other turbulent episodes. An empirical application to the U.S. economy assessing its monetary policy reveals that estimates and impulse responses are stable when considering the sample before and during COVID-19.
Interventions to prevent obesity in Latinx children birth to 6 years globally: a systematic review
Authors: Bleiweiss-Sande Rachel , Skelton Kara , Zaltz Daniel , Bacardí-Gascón Montserrat , Jiménez-Cruz Arturo , Benjamin-Neelon Sara E 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective:To conduct a systematic review of obesity prevention interventions in Latinx children ages birth to 6 years published in any language from 2010–2020.Design:We used PubMed, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Google Scholar databases to conduct a search on May 1 2020, January 1 2021 and November 1 2022. We included randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and non-randomised interventions with a control or comparison group that reported measures of adiposity.Setting:Interventions taking place in the United States, Latin America or the Caribbean.Participants:Latinx children ages birth to 6 years.Results:Of 8601 unique records identified, forty manuscripts about thirty-nine unique studies describing thirty distinct interventions in the United States and nine interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean met our inclusion criteria. Interventions were primarily based in early care and education centres (n 13) or combined home settings, for example home and community (n 7). Randomised interventions taking place in community or home settings were more likely to report significant reductions in adiposity or weight-related outcomes compared to other settings. Using the Cochrane risk of bias tools for randomised and non-randomised studies, we judged thirty-eight randomised trials and nine non-randomised interventions to have a high or unclear risk of bias.Conclusions:The results highlight a need for more rigorous designs and more effective intervention strategies in Latinx children at risk for having overweight and obesity. Registered with the PROSPERO database for systematic reviews under registration number CRD42020161339.
Development of an initiatives package to increase children’s vegetable intake in long day care centres using the Multiphase Optimisation Strategy (MOST) randomised factorial experiment
Authors: Bell Lucinda K , Morgillo Samantha , Zarnowiecki Dorota , Gardner Claire , Leemaqz Shalem , Arguelles Jennifer , Poelman Astrid AM , Cochet-Broch Maeva O , Cox David N , Golley Rebecca K 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective:To inform a package of initiatives to increase children’s vegetable intake while in long day care (LDC) by evaluating the independent and combined effects of three initiatives targeting food provision, the mealtime environment and the curriculum.Design:Using the Multiphase Optimisation Strategy (MOST) framework, a 12-week, eight-condition (n 7 intervention, n 1 control) randomised factorial experiment was conducted. Children’s dietary intake data were measured pre- and post-initiative implementation using the weighed plate waste method (1× meal and 2× between-meal snacks). Vegetable intake (g/d) was calculated from vegetable provision and waste. The optimal combination of initiatives was determined using a linear mixed-effects model comparing between-group vegetable intake at follow-up, while considering initiative fidelity and acceptability.Setting:LDC centres in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia.Participants:32 centres, 276 staff and 1039 children aged 2–5 years.Results:There were no statistically significant differences between any of the intervention groups and the control group for vegetable intake (all P > 0·05). The curriculum with mealtime environment group consumed 26·7 g more vegetables/child/day than control (ratio of geometric mean 3·29 (95 % CI 0·96, 11·27), P = 0·06). Completion rates for the curriculum (> 93 %) and mealtime environment (61 %) initiatives were high, and acceptability was good (4/5 would recommend), compared with the food provision initiative (0–50 % completed the menu assessment, 3/5 would recommend).Conclusion:A programme targeting the curriculum and mealtime environment in LDC may be useful to increase children’s vegetable intake. Determining the effectiveness of this optimised package in a randomised controlled trial is required, as per the evaluation phase of the MOST framework.
Introduction to special issue: Feminist manifestos and global constitutionalism
Authors: Houghton Ruth , O’Donoghue Aoife 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFeminists and women activists use manifestos to express their frustrations with legal and political systems, expose the harms suffered in their lived experiences under patriarchy, colonialism and capitalism, and call for radical political, legal and social change. This special issue on feminist manifestos and global constitutionalism considers the role of feminist manifestos in global constitutionalism. It interrogates the role of feminist manifestos in bringing about legal and political reform, their role as historical texts and sources of global constitutionalization, and their limitations as tools that are potentially both exclusionary and de-political. In their article, Ruth Houghton and Aoife O’Donoghue outline a role for feminist manifestos within feminist approaches to constituent power. Sheri Labenski uncovers from the archives the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom manifesto from 1924 and the outline for a ‘New International Order’. Gina Heathcote and Lucia Kula centre Lusophone African feminist action in Luanda, Angola, to problematize an approach to feminist manifestos that reiterates dominant feminisms, and instead argue for active silence by those more dominant feminist voices. In her conclusion to the special issue, Emily Jones uses posthuman feminism to interrogate and critique the claim of universality in global constitutionalism. Across this special issue, key themes emerge: the potential of inclusion and exclusion, and the role of manifesto as a method in knowledge production.
The Effect of a Short Observational Record on the Statistics of Temperature Extremes
Authors: Zeder Joel , Sippel Sebastian , Pasche Olivier C. , Engelke Sebastian , Fischer Erich M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn June 2021, the Pacific Northwest experienced a heatwave that broke all previous records. Estimated return levels based on observations up to the year before the event suggested that reaching such high temperatures is not possible in today's climate. We here assess the suitability of the prevalent statistical approach by analyzing extreme temperature events in climate model large ensemble and synthetic extreme value data. We demonstrate that the method is subject to biases, as high return levels are generally underestimated and, correspondingly, the return period of low‐likelihood heatwave events is overestimated, if the underlying extreme value distribution is derived from a short historical record. These biases have even increased in recent decades due to the emergence of a pronounced climate change signal. Furthermore, if the analysis is triggered by an extreme event, the implicit selection bias affects the likelihood assessment depending on whether the event is included in the modeling.
Signal‐To‐Noise Calculations of Emergence and De‐Emergence of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Authors: Robertson F. , Revell L. E. , Douglas H. , Archibald A. T. , Morgenstern O. , Frame D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe year when total column ozone (TCO) returns to 1980 levels is commonly used to quantify recovery from disturbance caused by ozone‐depleting substances. This date is reasonable but somewhat arbitrary. Here we borrow an indicator from climate change research, the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) metric to investigate how TCO might return to statistically similar levels to those of the pre‐ozone hole era (1960–1970). We calculate S/N for ozone projections from the Chemistry‐Climate Model Initiative. In most regions, a return to 1980 levels doesn't represent TCO recovery to pre‐disturbance conditions because it does not account for internal variability or reflect when statistically significant TCO losses occurred. Future projections show that, in most regions, TCO “de‐emerges” (i.e., S/N becomes less than one standard deviation from the pre‐disturbance mean) before it returns to its 1980 value. We conclude that S/N is an appropriate, perhaps complementary metric for determining when TCO returns to a pre‐disturbance state.
Predicting Postfire Sediment Yields of Small Steep Catchments Using Airborne Lidar Differencing
Authors: Guilinger James J. , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi , Gray Andrew B. , Randerson James T. , Smyth Padhraic , Barth Nicolas C. , Goulden Michael L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPredicting sediment yield from recently burned areas remains a challenge but is important for hazard and resource management as wildfire impacts increase. Here we use lidar‐based monitoring of two fires in southern California, USA to study the movement of sediment during pre‐rainfall periods and postfire periods of flooding and debris flows over multiple storm events. Using a data‐driven approach, we examine the relative importance of terrain, vegetation, burn severity, and rainfall amounts through time on sediment yield. We show that incipient fire‐activated dry sediment loading and pre‐fire colluvium were rapidly flushed out by debris flows and floods but continued erosion occurred later in the season from soil erosion and, in ∼9% of catchments, from shallow landslides. Based on these observations, we develop random forest regression models to predict dry ravel and incipient runoff‐driven sediment yield applicable to small steep headwater catchments in southern California.
Electron Aurora and Polar Rain Dependencies on Solar Wind Parameters
Authors: Bouriat S. , Wing S. , Barthélémy M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractData analysis was performed using 17 years of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program SSJ/4/5 data to characterize the relations between the solar wind parameters and the electron low‐energy fluxes measured on both magnetic poles (magnetic latitude above 55°). Inputs are solar wind velocity, density, dynamic pressure, and Bz of the interplanetary magnetic field. The median of electron energy flux for each MLAT‐MLT pair has been computed for given values of solar wind condition parameters. Results highlight that high velocity, density or pressure implies higher energy flux overall, higher polar rain energy fluxes, and wider nightside oval. There seems to be a positive correlation between polar rain and solar wind density, contrary to a previous study. As a function of Bz, the oval width has a “U” shape and the polar cap activity a “V” shape, with their minimum at Bz around zero.
Multiple Longitude Sector Storm‐Enhanced Density (SED) and Long‐Lasting Subauroral Polarization Stream (SAPS) During the 26–28 February 2023 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Aa Ercha , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Wang Wenbin , Erickson Philip J. , Coster Anthea J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper conducts a multi‐instrument analysis and data assimilation study of midlatitude ionospheric disturbances over the European and North American longitude sectors during a strong geomagnetic storm on 26–28 February 2023. The study uses a set of ground‐based (GNSS receivers, ionosondes) observations, space‐borne (DMSP, GOLD) measurements, and a new TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS). We observed a series of distinct storm‐time features with regard to storm‐enhanced density (SED) and subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) as follows: (a) Under multiple ring current intensifications, the storm‐time subauroral ionosphere produced long‐lasting duskside SAPS for ∼36 hr along with considerable dawnside SAPS for several hours. (b) Associated with long‐lived SAPS, strong SED occurred consecutively in the European longitude sector near local noon during a positive ionospheric storm and later in the North American longitude sector near local dusk during a negative ionospheric storm. (c) The 3‐D morphology of SED in multiple longitude sectors was reconstructed using TIDAS data assimilation technique with fine‐scale details, which revealed a narrow ionospheric plasma channel with electron density enhancement and layer uplift.
An Entropy Weight‐Based Method for Path Loss Predictions for Terrestrial Services in the VHF and UHF Bands
Authors: Wang Jian , Hao Yulong , Yang Cheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVHF and UHF are widely used frequency bands, and accurate path loss prediction in these bands is of great significance. In order to improve the prediction accuracy and stability of radio wave propagation, we propose a combined modeling method based on the entropy weight method. This method assigns appropriate weights to the predicted values of sub‐models using entropy, and calculates the final predicted value through weighted aggregation. To validate the feasibility of our proposed method, we conduct modeling using data from Denver, Colorado. We compare our method with the ITU‐R models and a model established using the coefficient of variation method. The results demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms the compared models. Specifically, the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of our proposed model is reduced by 5.94 and 5.51 dB compared to the ITU‐R P.1546 and 2001 models, respectively. Moreover, our proposed model exhibits better stability than the ITU‐R models. We also use the improvement percentage (γ) to evaluate the degree of improvement of our model over the sub‐models, which is 49.13% and 47.86% for the ITU‐R P.1546 and 2001 models, respectively. Additionally, by comparing the RMSE and absolute error, we find that the entropy weight‐based method outperforms the coefficient of variation‐based method. This research demonstrates the superiority of the entropy weight‐based modeling method, providing a valuable channel modeling approach for path loss prediction and supporting the regional assimilation of radio propagation prediction methods.
EIF4A3-mediated circ_0042881 activates the RAS pathway via miR-217/SOS1 axis to facilitate breast cancer progression
Authors: Ju Chenxi , Zhou Mingxia , Du Dan , Wang Chang , Yao Jieqiong , Li Hongle , Luo Yang , He Fucheng , He Jing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Studies have shown the potential impact of circRNAs in multiple human tumorigeneses. Research on the vital signaling pathways and therapeutic targets of circRNAs is indispensable. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical implications and underlying mechanisms of circ_0042881 in BC. RT-qPCR validated circ_0042881 was notably elevated in BC tissues and plasma, and closely associated with BC clinicopathological features. Functionally, circ_0042881 significantly accelerated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0042881 promoted BC progression by sponging miR-217 to relieve its inhibition effect in son of sevenless 1 (SOS1), which further activated RAS protein and initiated downstream signaling cascades, including MEK/ERK pathway and PI3K/AKT pathway. We also demonstrated that treatment of BAY-293, an inhibitor of SOS1 and RAS interaction, attenuated BC progression induced by circ_0042881 overexpression. Furthermore, Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-III (EIF4A3) could facilitate circ_0042881 circularization. Altogether, we proposed a novel signaling network in which circ_0042881, induced by EIF4A3, influences the process of BC tumorigenesis and metastasis by miR-217/SOS1 axis.
New insight into protein glycosylation in the development of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Zhao Jingwei , Lang Minglin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that seriously endangers the physical and mental health of patients, however, there are still no effective drugs or methods to cure this disease up to now. Protein glycosylation is the most common modifications of the translated proteins in eukaryotic cells. Recently many researches disclosed that aberrant glycosylation happens in some important AD-related proteins, such as APP, Tau, Reelin and CRMP-2, etc, suggesting a close link between abnormal protein glycosylation and AD. Because of its complexity and diversity, glycosylation is thus considered a completely new entry point for understanding the precise cause of AD. This review comprehensively summarized the currently discovered changes in protein glycosylation patterns in AD, and especially introduced the latest progress on the mechanism of protein glycosylation affecting the progression of AD and the potential application of protein glycosylation in AD detection and treatment, thereby providing a wide range of opportunities for uncovering the pathogenesis of AD and promoting the translation of glycosylation research into future clinical applications.
DNA methylation at the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene influences height in childhood
Authors: Issarapu Prachand , Arumalla Manisha , Elliott Hannah R. , Nongmaithem Suraj S. , Sankareswaran Alagu , Betts Modupeh , Sajjadi Sara , Kessler Noah J. , Bayyana Swati , Mansuri Sohail R. , Derakhshan Maria , Krishnaveni G. V. , Shrestha Smeeta , Kumaran Kalyanaraman , Di Gravio Chiara , Sahariah Sirazul A. , Sanderson Eleanor , Relton Caroline L. , Ward Kate A. , Moore Sophie E. , Prentice Andrew M. , Lillycrop Karen A. , Fall Caroline H. D. , Silver Matt J. , Chandak Giriraj R. ,   the EMPHASIS study group, Di Gravio Chiara , Potdar Ramesh D. , Chopra Harsha , Sane Harshad , Gandhi Meera , Jarjou Landing , Prentice Ann , Kehoe Sarah H. , Owens Stephen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman height is strongly influenced by genetics but the contribution of modifiable epigenetic factors is under-explored, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). We investigate links between blood DNA methylation and child height in four LMIC cohorts (n = 1927) and identify a robust association at three CpGs in the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene which replicates in a high-income country cohort (n = 879). SOCS3 methylation (SOCS3m)—height associations are independent of genetic effects. Mendelian randomization analysis confirms a causal effect of SOCS3m on height. In longitudinal analysis, SOCS3m explains a maximum 9.5% of height variance in mid-childhood while the variance explained by height polygenic risk score increases from birth to 21 years. Children’s SOCS3m is associated with prenatal maternal folate and socio-economic status. In-vitro characterization confirms a regulatory effect of SOCS3m on gene expression. Our findings suggest epigenetic modifications may play an important role in driving child height in LMIC.