bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress on Wavelength‐Selective Perovskite Photodetectors for Image Sensing
Authors: Wu Wenqiang , Lu Hui , Han Xun , Wang Chunfeng , Xu Zhangsheng , Han Su‐Ting , Pan Caofeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpectral sensing plays a crucial part in imaging technologies, optical communication, and other fields. However, complicated optical elements, such as prisms, interferometric filters, and diffraction grating, are required for commercial multispectral detectors, which hampers their advance toward miniaturization and integration. In recent years, metal halide perovskites have been emerging for optical‐component‐free wavelength‐selective photodetectors (PDs) because of their continuously tunable bandgap, fascinating optoelectronic properties, and simple preparation processes. In this review, recent advances in wavelength‐selective perovskite PDs, including narrowband PDs, dual‐band PDs, multispectral‐recognizable PDs, and X‐ray PDs, are highlighted, with an emphasis on device structure designs, working mechanisms, and optoelectronic performances. Meanwhile, the applications of wavelength‐selective PDs in image sensing for single‐/dual‐color imaging, full‐color imaging, and X‐ray imaging are introduced. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives in this emerging field are presented.
Saury Sensing for Packaging
Authors: Zou Min , You Mengbo , Kageyama Yoichi , Akashi Takuya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDetecting damages on the body of the saury is important for packaging in the fisheries industry. Moreover, the appearance of a fish is important in fisheries. Fish damage detection relies on manual assembly lines, which are labor‐intensive and time‐consuming. This paper proposes a novel saury damage detection method that automatically localizes the saury body region, determines the head‐tail orientation, and detects damaged parts from the body region. We collected a saury image dataset for training and built a simple naive convolutional neural network (CNN) model without transfer learning for damage discrimination. Seven evaluation metrics, such as accuracy, F1‐score, Area under the ROC curve (AUC), and prediction time, were comprehensively considered to select the optimal parameter configuration including the number of layers, number of filters, filter size, and input image size. We also utilized the transfer learning of eight pretrained CNN models to classify the saury into two categories for damage discrimination. Inception‐v3 and ResNet‐101 achieved the highest accuracy of for damage discrimination. Through extensive experiments and discussion of the results, this paper presents clear guidance for choosing pretrained networks for transfer learning in damage detection tasks. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Safe Lane-Changing in CAVs Using External Safety Supervisors: A Review
Authors: Lenka Lalu Prasad , Bouroche Mélanie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConnected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) can exploit information received from other vehicles in addition to their sensor information to make decisions. For this reason, their deployment is expected to improve traffic safety and efficiency. Safe lane-changing is a significant challenge for CAVs, particularly in mixed traffic, i.e. with human-driven vehicles (HDVs) on the road, as the set of vehicles around them varies very quickly, and they can only communicate with a fraction of them. Many approaches have been proposed, with most recent work adopting a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) approach, but those do not provide safety guarantees making them unsuitable for such a safety-critical application. A number of external safety techniques for reinforcement learning have been proposed, such as shielding, control barrier functions, model predictive control and recovery RL, but those have not been applied to CAV lane changing.This paper investigates whether external safety supervisors could be used to provide safety guarantees for MARL-based CAV lane changing (LC-CAV). For this purpose, a MARL approach to CAV lane changing (MARL-CAV) is designed, using parameter sharing and a replay buffer to motivate cooperative behaviour and collaboration among CAVs. This is then used as a baseline to discuss the applicability of the state-of-the-art external safety techniques for reinforcement learning to MARL-CAV. Comprehensive analysis shows that integrating an external safety technique to MARL for lane changing in CAVs is challenging, and none of the existing external safety techniques can be directly applied to MARL-CAV as these safety techniques require prior knowledge of unsafe states and recovery policies.
A Machine Learning Approach for Modeling and Analyzing of Driver Performance in Simulated Racing
Authors: Hojaji Fazilat , Toth Adam J. , Campbell Mark J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe emerging progress of esports lacks the approaches for ensuring high-quality analytics and training in professional and amateur esports teams. In this paper, we demonstrated the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) approach in the esports domain, particularly in simulated racing. To achieve this, we gathered a variety of feature-rich telemetry data from several web sources that was captured through MoTec telemetry software and the ACC simulated racing game. We performed a number of analyses using ML algorithms to classify the laps into the performance levels, evaluating driving behaviors along these performance levels, and finally defined a prediction model highlighting the channels/features that have significant impact on the driver performance. To identify the optimal feature set, three feature selection algorithms, i.e., the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forest (RF) have been applied where out of 84 features, a subset of 10 features has been selected as the best feature subset. For the classification, XGBoost outperformed RF and SVM with the highest accuracy score among the other evaluated models. The study highlights the promising use of AI to categorize sim racers according to their technical-tactical behaviour, enhancing sim racing knowledge and know how.
Formulierung von Gestaltungsprinzipien für schulisch geeignete VR-Lernumgebungen
Authors: Rieger Marc Bastian , Wallrath Simeon , Engl Alexander , Risch Björn 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungVirtuelle Realität (VR) entwickelt sich immer mehr zu einem wichtigen Bildungswerkzeug für den MINT-Bereich. So können VR-Lernumgebungen Lernprozesse im Schulunterricht positiv unterstützen, indem sie beispielsweise unsichtbare Phänomene sichtbar machen (z. B. submikroskopische Vorgänge auf Teilchenebene) oder Orte aufgesucht werden, die normalerweise nicht erreichbar wären (z. B. im Rahmen einer virtuellen Exkursion). Bisher mangelt es im Schulalltag jedoch an geeigneten VR-Lernumgebungen. Dies liegt auch daran, dass potenziellen Entwicklerinnen und Entwicklern bisher keine unterrichtsbezogenen Designkriterien vorliegen, an denen sie sich bei VR-Konzeptionen orientieren könnten. Im Rahmen des hier vorgestellten Forschungsprojekts werden aktuell relevante Kriterien ermittelt und als Gestaltungsprinzipien für die Erstellung von VR-Lernumgebungen formuliert. Das methodische Vorgehen orientiert sich an dem Design-based-Research-Ansatz. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Studie fokussieren das räumliche Präsenzerleben. Es werden Gestaltungsprinzipien zu den Bereichen „Selbstlokation“, „Handlungsmöglichkeiten“ sowie „Nutzungshäufigkeit“ abgeleitet.
Evaluation digitaler Arbeitsblätter im Chemieunterricht in Hinblick auf Usability und Interesse
Authors: Fitting Nils , Ulber Roland , Czubatinski Lars , Hornung Gabriele 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungMithilfe von HyperDocSystems (HDS), einem von der Fachdidaktik Chemie der TU Kaiserslautern (TUK) entwickelten digitalen Werkzeug, können binnendifferenzierende Arbeitsmaterialien von Lehrkräften erstellt werden. In einer Interventionsstudie wurden die Benutzerfreundlichkeit und das Interesse von Schülerinnen und Schülern beim Bearbeiten der HyperDocs (HD) über eine vierstündige Unterrichtsreihe im Vergleich zu analogen Arbeitsmaterialien im Fach Chemie untersucht. Bei den Analysen wurden Alter und Geschlecht teilnehmender Schülerinnen und Schüler mit einbezogen. Dabei zeigte sich eine hohe Benutzerfreundlichkeit und ein signifikant höheres Interesse gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe. Außerdem ließ sich ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der Benutzerfreundlichkeit und dem Interesse feststellen. HDS kann damit als Catch-Komponente zur Interessensförderung im Unterricht beitragen.
Minimal-invasive Katheterverfahren in der Varizentherapie
Authors: Böhler Kornelia 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Katheterverfahren werden in der Therapie der venösen Insuffizienz verbreitet eingesetzt.

Fragestellung
Arten, Funktionsweise und Stellenwert von Katheterverfahren in der Varizentherapie.

Material und Methode
Beschreibung der Anwendung, Wirkungsweise, Risiken und Effizienz von Katheterverfahren anhand von Literaturdaten.

Ergebnisse
Langzeitdaten zur Effizienz bestätigen, dass minimal-invasive Katheterverfahren der offenen Venenchirurgie ebenbürtig sind, bei deutlich geringerer postoperativer Morbidität.

Schlussfolgerung
Minimal-invasive Katheterverfahren sind eine Bereicherung der Therapie venöser Erkrankungen. Die geringe Schmerzbelastung und kurze Ausfallzeiten sind für PatientInnen vorteilhaft.
Is conservative management safe in patients with acute ureterolithiasis and perirenal stranding?
Authors: Grossmann Nico C. , Ardizzone Davide , Hermanns Thomas , Keller Etienne X. , Fankhauser Christian D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn patients presenting with ureterolithiasis, perirenal stranding is frequently observed in non-contrast computed tomography. Because perirenal stranding may be caused by tears in the collecting system, previous studies have described an increased risk of infectious complications and suggested broad empiric antibiotic therapy and immediate decompressing of the upper urinary tract. We hypothesized that these patients can also be managed conservatively. Therefore, we retrospectively identified patients with ureterolithiasis and perirenal stranding and compared diagnostic and treatment characteristics as well as treatment outcomes between patients undergoing conservative versus interventional management by ureteral stenting, percutaneous drainage or primary ureteroscopic stone removal. We classified perirenal stranding as mild, moderate or severe based on its radiological extent. Of 211 patients, 98 were managed conservatively. Patients in the interventional group had larger ureteral stones, more proximal ureteral stone location, more severe perirenal stranding, higher systemic and urinary infectious parameters, higher creatinine levels, and received more frequent antibiotic therapy. The conservatively managed group experienced a spontaneous stone passage rate of 77%, while 23% required delayed intervention. In the interventional and conservative groups, 4% and 2% of patients, respectively, developed sepsis. None of the patients in either group developed a perirenal abscess. Comparison of perirenal stranding grade between mild, moderate and severe in the conservatively treated group showed no difference in the spontaneous stone passage and infectious complications. In conclusion, conservative management without prophylactic antibiotics for ureterolithiasis and perirenal stranding is a valid treatment option as long as no clinical or laboratory signs of renal failure or infections are observed.
The First Modified Delphi Consensus‐Building Exercise on Surgical Ward Rounds in the United Kingdom National Health Service
Authors: Amr Bassem , Omar Islam , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Abdalkoddus Muhammad , Abou El Ella Yasmin , Abouelazayem Mohamed , Abubakr Mohammed O. A. , Andrews Sian , Awad Sherif , Bunting David , Callejas‐Diaz Lindes , Cambridge William A. , Carr William , Chesworth Angela , Courtney Michael J. , edge Jemma , Froghi Farid , Gilliam Andrew , graham Yitka , Harwood Sarah , Hollyman Marianne , Kimble Adam , kotb Ahmed , Majithia Ridhi , Mallinson Sue , Metcalfe Nicky , O'Kane Mary , Parmar Chetan , Saiyed Saniya , Shaban Mohamed , Singhal Rishi , Trewin Lisa , Wadhawan Himanshu , Mahawar Kamal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe ward round is an integral part of everyday surgical practice. It is a complex clinical activity that requires both sound clinical management and communication skills. This study reports the results of a consensus‐building exercise on the common aspects of the general surgical ward rounds.MethodsThe consensus‐building committee involving a range of stakeholders from 16 United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service trusts took part in this consensus exercise. The members discussed and suggested a series of statements concerning surgical ward round. An agreement of ≥ 70% among members was regarded as a consensus.
ResultsThirty‐two members voted on 60 statements. There was a consensus on fifty‐nine statements after the first round of voting, and one statement was modified before it reached consensus in the second round. The statements covered nine sections: a preparation phase, team allocation, multidisciplinary approach to the ward round, structure of the round, teaching considerations, confidentiality and privacy, documentation, post‐round arrangements, and weekend round. There was a consensus on spending time to prepare for the round, a consultant‐led round, involvement of the nursing staff, an MDT round at the beginning and end of the week, a minimum of 5 min allocated to each patient, utilisation of a round checklist, afternoon virtual round, and a clear handover and plan for the weekend.
ConclusionThe consensus committee achieved agreement on several aspects concerning the surgical ward rounds in the UK NHS. This should help improve the care of surgical patients in the UK.
Gaussian-process-based robot learning from demonstration
Authors: Arduengo Miguel , Colomé Adrià , Lobo-Prat Joan , Sentis Luis , Torras Carme 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLearning from demonstration allows to encode task constraints from observing the motion executed by a human teacher. We present a Gaussian-process-based learning from demonstration (LfD) approach that allows robots to learn manipulation skills from demonstrations of a human teacher. By exploiting the potential that Gaussian process (GP) models offer, we unify in a single, entirely GP-based framework, the main features required for a state-of-the-art LfD approach. We address how GP can be used to effectively learn a policy from trajectories in task space. To achieve an effective generalization across demonstrations, we propose the novel Task Completion Index (TCI) for temporal alignment of task trajectories. Also, our probabilistic GP-based representation allows encoding variability throughout the different phases of the task. Finally, we present a method to efficiently adapt the policy to fulfill new requirements and modulate the robot behavior as a function of task variability. This approach has been successfully tested in a real-world application, namely teaching a TIAGo robot to open different types of doors.
Preference for Male Risk Takers Varies with Relationship Context and Health Status but not COVID Risk
Authors: Grueter Cyril C. , Goodman Hannah , Fay Nicolas , Walker Bradley , Coall David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRisk taking is more commonly shown by males than females and has a signalling function, serving to advertise one’s intrinsic quality to prospective mates. Previous research has established that male risk takers are judged as more attractive for short-term flings than long-term relationships, but the environmental and socioeconomic context surrounding female preferences for male risk takers has been overlooked. Using a survey instrument, we examined female preferences for male risk takers across 1304 females from 47 countries. We found preferences for physical risk takers to be more pronounced in females with a bisexual orientation and females who scored high on risk proneness. Self-reported health was positively associated with preferences for high risk takers as short-term mates, but the effect was moderated by country-level health, i.e. the association was stronger in countries with poorer health. The security provided by better health and access to health care may allow females to capitalise on the genetic quality afforded by selecting a risk-prone male whilst concurrently buffering the potential costs associated with the risk taker’s lower paternal investment. The risk of contracting COVID-19 did not predict avoidance of risk takers, perhaps because this environmental cue is too novel to have moulded our behavioural preferences.
Dynamic failure characteristics of surrounding rocks under different lateral pressure coefficients in deep tunnel transient excavation
Authors: Xu Ying , Yu Yuchao , Yao Wei , Xia Kaiwen , Tang Junxi , Zhan Zhifeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA novel transient unloading testing system was adopted to simulate the transient excavation of tunnels under different lateral pressure coefficients (k0). The results show that the transient excavation of a tunnel induces significant stress redistributions and concentrations, particle displacements and vibrations to the surrounding rocks. The decrease of k0 enhances the dynamic disturbance of transient tunnel excavation, and especially when k0 = 0.4 and 0.2, the tensile stress can be observed on the top of the tunnel. The peak particle velocity (PPV) of the measuring points on the top of the tunnel decreases with the increasing distance between the tunnel boundary and measuring point. The transient unloading wave is generally concentrated on lower frequencies in the amplitude-frequency spectrum under the same unloading conditions, especially for lower k0 values. In addition, the dynamic Mohr–Coulomb criterion was used to reveal the failure mechanism of a transient excavated tunnel by involving the loading rate effect. It is found that the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) of the tunnel is dominated by the shear failure, and the number of the shear failure zones increases with the decrease of k0. The EDZ of tunnels after transient excavations varies from ring-shape to egg-shape and X-type shear with the decrease of k0. The evolution of the EDZ induced by the transient unloading is associated with k0, i.e., the shear failure of surrounding rocks mainly occurs in the stress redistribution stage under high k0 (1.0–0.7), while the dramatic destruction of surrounding rocks is more prone to occur after the transient unloading process when k0 ≤ 0.6.
Glass–ceramic foams from waste glass and natural red soil
Authors: Sadji Amel , Boudchicha Mohamed Redda , Ziouche Aicha , Filali Abdelkader , Achour Slimane 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, waste glass obtained from a discarded green glass bottle and unexploited natural red soil (RS) were prepared to get glass–ceramic foams. Red soil is an earthy material, which is used as a foaming agent. A mixture of starting powders containing different mass fractions (5–16 wt.%) of RS with particle size smaller than 20 μm was uniaxially pressed (at 30 MPa), and the obtained compacts were fired at different temperatures (750–850 °C) and holding time (30–120 min). Furthermore, the influences of temperature, holding time, and natural rock additions on the structure, type, and size of pores, besides physical and mechanical properties of the processed foamed glass–ceramic samples, were investigated. The results show that the optimum foaming temperature was found to be 800 °C leading to a maximum value of porosity as high as 90%, while the bulk density and compressive strength reached the values 0.26–0.75 g·cm−3 and 1.2–6.1 MPa, respectively. Based on the present data, the obtained glass–ceramic allowed the preparation of different porosity types. Therefore, they provide practical value for specific applications where thermal insulation is desired.
„Critical illness“: erhöhtes Frakturrisiko und potenzielle Gegenmaßnahmen
Authors: Kerschan-Schindl Katharina 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungBei kritisch kranken PatientInnen, die einer intensivmedizinischen Betreuung bedürfen, hat neben Inflammation, Medikation (zum Beispiel Glukokortikoide), Malnutrition und Vitamin-D-Mangel auch die Immobilisation besonders starke negative Auswirkungen auf Knochen- und Muskelstoffwechsel. Die Entkoppelung von Knochenresorption und -formation führt zu einem verstärkten Abbau von Knochenmasse und daher zu einer geringeren Belastbarkeit. Dies bedeutet bei erhöhtem Sturzrisiko ein gesteigertes Frakturrisiko, speziell bei der Remobilisation.Aus diesem Grund sollte trotz des akuten Geschehens nach der kardiorespiratorischen und neurologischen Stabilisierung der PatientInnen an die Frakturprävention gedacht werden. Eine Basismaßnahme ist die adäquate parenterale bzw. enterale Ernährung, wobei speziell auf ausreichende Zufuhr von Proteinen und Vitamin D zu achten ist. Wichtige Beiträge in der Protektion von Knochen und Muskel leisten ein gezieltes Training und eine frühzeitige Mobilisation. Auch wenn keine Osteoporosemedikamente für die Therapie bzw. Prävention der immobilisationsbedingten Osteoporose zugelassen sind, kann die Initiierung einer antiresorptiven Therapie mit Bisphosphonaten oder Denosumab im Sinne einer Einzelfallentscheidung während des Intensivaufenthaltes in Erwägung gezogen werden. Nach dem Aufenthalt auf der Intensivstation sollte das individuelle Frakturrisiko bestimmt und ggf. eine osteoporosespezifische Therapie eingeleitet werden. Die Fortsetzung der rehabilitativen Maßnahmen (progressives Training, Sturzprophylaxe) und die den jeweiligen Bedürfnissen entsprechende Supplementation von Vitamin D und Kalzium sind weitere wesentliche Bausteine in der Frakturprävention der Betroffenen nach ihrem Intensivaufenthalt.
The Influence of a Fast Start Versus a Conservative Start Pacing Strategy on Sprint Roller Skiing Performance in Highly Trained Female Junior Skiers
Authors: Losnegard Thomas , Granrud Even Dahlen , Tosterud Ola Kristoffer , Kjeldsen Kasper , Olstad Øyvind , Kocbach Jan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pacing profiles differ substantially in endurance sports with short competition duration (2–4 min). Herein, we investigated the effect of a fast start (FS) versus a conservative start (CS) pacing strategy on sprint time-trial performance in competitive junior cross-country skiers.

Methods
Sixteen females (~ 17 years old) performed two individual self-paced 1.4 km time-trials (TT) in free technique on roller skis separated by 40 min of recovery. Skiers were instructed to perform a FS and CS pacing strategy the first ~ 400-m (~ 1 min) in a randomized order. Split and finish time was determined using radio-based photocells, while speed characteristics were collected with GNSS/IMU sensors. 1–10 Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected retrospectively for 3 points during the TT. Based on mean FS and CS performance, skiers were divided into a Low- (n = 8) and High performers (n = 8).

Results
Overall, the FS strategy induced a faster ~ 400-m time (56.0 ± 3.8 s) than CS (58.7 ± 3.4 s) (P < 0.05), but no differences in finish times were found between strategies for the group as a whole (FS: 213.3 ± 12.0 s; CS, 212.9 ± 10.3 s, P = 0.68). However, High performers skied faster with FS than CS (203.4 ± 7.4 s vs. 205.1 ± 7.1 s; 0.8% ± 0.7%, P < 0.05), whereas the Low performers skied faster with CS than FS (220.7 ± 6.1 s vs. 223.1 ± 5.0 s; 1.1% ± 1.0%, P < 0.05). Independent of performance level, summated RPE during the TT was higher with FS versus CS (23 ± 2 vs. 22 ± 2, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Optimal pacing strategy for TT sprint skiing appears dependent of performance level. A “fast start” strategy was accompanied by higher discomfort during the time-trial.