bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coke
Authors: Schobert Harold 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Using coals to produce coke, a fuel and reducing agent for metallurgical processes, is the second-largest application of coals, though small compared to the electricity market. Many bituminous coals soften, swell, and then resolidify when heated. The product is metallurgical coke, used worldwide in blast furnaces to produce iron. Producing a tonne of iron today requires only one-third the amount of coke used years ago, thanks to improvements in furnace technology. In the furnace, coke must react readily with the air blast, generate temperatures high enough to melt iron and slag, and yet retain enough strength to avoid being crushed by the great weight of ore, flux, and more coke above it. Sulfur and phosphorus are undesirable impurities in coke because they will enter the iron and affect its strength.
Retail Deterrence of Very High-Risk Groups
Authors: Braga Anthony A. , Cook Philip J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Most shootings are highly concentrated among groups of criminally active individuals who use guns to settle disputes emanating from personal clashes, drug market business, ongoing gang rivalries, and other conflicts. Cities can diminish their overall gun violence problems by reducing violent victimization in these very high-risk groups through the strategic application of “carrots and sticks” or, more formally, incentives and disincentives. “Focused deterrence” programs designed to change offender behavior through a credible threat of law enforcement are effective in controlling crime. These programs gain legitimacy if coupled with social services and opportunities for targeted offenders, and they can help improve police–community relationships in disadvantaged minority communities. These multifaceted programs can be difficult to implement and sustain over extended periods. Jurisdictions must develop a strong network of willing partners, adopt accountability structures and sustainability plans, and conduct upfront and ongoing analyses of gun violence problems to customize the program to local conditions.
The anion channel SLAH3 interacts with potassium channels to regulate nitrogen–potassium homeostasis and the membrane potential in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Beibei , Feng Changxin , Fang Xianming , Ma Zhen , Xiao Chengbin , Zhang Shuaishuai , Liu Zhenzhen , Sun Doudou , Shi Hongyong , Ding Xiaoqin , Qiu Chenyang , Li Jia , Luan Sheng , Li Legong , He Kai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are essential macronutrients for plants. Sufficient N and K uptake from the environment is required for successful growth and development. However, how N and K influence each other at the molecular level in plants is largely unknown. In this study, we found loss-of-function mutation in SLAH3 (SLAC1 HOMOLOGUE 3), encoding a NO3− efflux channel in Arabidopsis thaliana, enhanced tolerance to high KNO3 concentrations. Surprisingly, slah3 mutants were less sensitive to high K+ but not NO3−. Addition of NO3− led to reduced phenotypic difference between wild-type and slah3 plants, suggesting SLAH3 orchestrates NO3−-K+ balance. Non-invasive Micro-test Technology analysis revealed reduced NO3− efflux and enhanced K+ efflux in slah3 mutants, demonstrating that SLAH3-mediated NO3− transport and SLAH3-affected K+ flux are critical in response to high K +. Further investigation showed that two K+ efflux channels, GORK (GATED OUTWARDLY-RECTIFYING K+ CHANNEL) and SKOR (STELAR K+ OUTWARD RECTIFIER), interacted with SLAH3 and played key roles in high K+ response. The gork and skor mutants were slightly more sensitive to high K+ conditions. Less depolarization occurred in slah3 mutants and enhanced depolarization was observed in gork and skor mutants upon K+ treatment, suggesting NO3−/K+ efflux-mediated membrane potential regulation is involved in high K+ response. Electrophysiological results showed that SLAH3 partially inhibited the activities of GORK and SKOR in Xenopus laevis oocytes. This study revealed that the anion channel SLAH3 interacts with the potassium channels GORK and SKOR to modulate membrane potential by coordinating N–K balance.
Exogenous Ca2+ promotes transcription factor phosphorylation to suppress ethylene biosynthesis in apple
Authors: Xu Yaxiu , Liu Zhi , Lv Tianxing , Wei Yun , Liu Weiting , Wei Yajing , Yang Guangxin , Liu Li , Li Tong , Wang Aide 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEthylene biosynthesis in apple (Malus domestica) fruit can be suppressed by calcium ions (Ca2+) during storage; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we identified the apple transcription factor MCM1-AGAMOUS-DEFICIENS-SRF5 (MdMADS5), which functions as a transcriptional activator of the ethylene biosynthesis-related gene 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID SYNTHASE1 (MdACS1), a partner of the calcium sensor CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES7 (MdCDPK7). Ca2+ promoted the MdCDPK7-mediated phosphorylation of MdMADS5, which resulted in the degradation of MdMADS5 via the 26S proteasome pathway. MdCDPK7 also phosphorylated 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID OXIDASE1 (MdACO1), the key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis, leading to MdACO1 degradation and inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis. Our results reveal that Ca2+/MdCDPK7–MdMADS5 and Ca2+/MdCDPK7–MdACO1 are involved in Ca2+-suppressed ethylene biosynthesis, which delays apple fruit ripening. These findings provide insights into fruit ripening, which may lead to the development of strategies for extending the shelf life of fruit.
SL (2, ℤ) action on quantum field theories with U(1) subsystem symmetry
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider SL$(2,\mathbb {Z})$ action on quantum field theories with U(1) subsystem symmetry in five dimensions. This is an analog of the SL$(2,\mathbb {Z})$ action considered by E. Witten [From Fields to Strings: Circumnavigating Theoretical Physics: A Conference in Tribute to Ian Kogan, p. 1173 (2003) [arXiv:hep-th/0307041]]. We show that the exotic level-one BF theory and the exotic level-one Chern–Simons theories are trivial and almost trivial, respectively. By using this fact, we define the S operation and T operation. These operations give the SL$(2,\mathbb {Z})$ group up to a possible invertible phase that is unity within the spacetimes treated in this paper. We also demonstrate SL$(2,\mathbb {Z})$ action on the φ theory as an example.
Fractional topological charge in lattice Abelian gauge theory
Authors: Abe Motokazu , Morikawa Okuto , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe construct a non-trivial $U(1)/\mathbb {Z}_q$ principal bundle on T4 from the compact U(1) lattice gauge field by generalizing Lüscher’s constriction so that the cocycle condition contains $\mathbb {Z}_q$ elements (the ’t Hooft flux). The construction requires an admissibility condition on lattice gauge field configurations. From the transition function so constructed, we have the fractional topological charge that is $\mathbb {Z}_q$ one-form gauge invariant and odd under the lattice time reversal transformation. Assuming a rescaling of the vacuum angle θ → qθ suggested from the Witten effect, our construction provides a lattice implementation of the mixed ’t Hooft anomaly between the $\mathbb {Z}_q$ one-form symmetry and the time reversal symmetry in the U(1) gauge theory with matter fields of charge $q\in 2\mathbb {Z}$ when θ = π, which was studied by Honda and Tanizaki [J. High Energy Phys. 12, 154 (2020)] in the continuum framework.
Analysis ofSOD1variants in Chinese patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Li H , Yuan L , Yang H , Guo Y , Zheng W , Fan K , Deng S , Gong L , Xu H , Yang Z , Cheng J , Kang M , Deng H 
Published: January 2023

SummaryBackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, and genetic contributors exert a significant role in the complicated pathogenesis. Identification of the genetic causes in ALS families could be valuable for early diagnosis and management. The development of potential drugs for patients with genetic defects will shed new light on ALS therapy.AimTo identify causative variants in three Chinese families with familial ALS (FALS), reveal the pathogenic mechanism and look for the targeted drug for ALS.Design and methodsWhole-exome sequencing and bioinformatics were used to perform genetic analysis of the ALS families. Functional analysis was performed to study the variants’ function and search for potential drug targets.ResultsThree heterozygous missense variants of the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1) were identified in families with FALS. The clinical manifestations of these patients include spinal onset, predominant lower motor neurons presentation and absence of cognitive involvement. Functional analysis showed that all three SOD1 variants led to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reduced cell viability and formation of cytoplasmic aggregates. Remarkably, the decreased cell viability induced by variants was rescued after treatment with the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine.ConclusionsThis study identified three SOD1 variants in three families with FALS. The variant SOD1 toxicity was associated with oxidative damage and aggregation, and N-acetylcysteine could rescue the decreased cell viability induced by these variants. Our findings support a pathogenic role for ROS in SOD1 deficiencies and provide a potential drug N-acetylcysteine for ALS therapy, especially in SOD1 patients with limb onset.
COVID-19 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity decay and breakthrough illness in adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases
Authors: Yeo Joo Guan , Teh Kai Liang , Chia Wan Ni , Book Yun Xin , Hoh Sook Fun , Gao Xiaocong , Das Lena , Zhang Jinyan , Sutamam Nursyuhadah , Poh Su Li , Lim Amanda Jin Mei , Tay Shi Huan , Yaung Katherine Nay , Ong Xin Mei , Leong Jing Yao , Wang Lin-Fa , Albani Salvatore , Arkachaisri Thaschawee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the humoral immunogenicity for 6 months after the two-dose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases (cRDs).

Methods
This monocentric observational study was conducted between August 2020 and March 2022. Humoral immunogenicity was assessed at 2–3 weeks after first vaccine dose and 1, 3 and 6 months after the second dose by the cPass™ severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralization antibody (nAb) assay. An inhibition signal of ≥30% defined the seroconversion threshold and the readings were calibrated against the World Health Organization International Standard for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Results. One hundred and sixty-nine
AYAs with cRDs were recruited [median age 16.8 years (interquartile range, IQR 14.7–19.5), 52% female, 72% Chinese]. JIA (58%) and SLE (18%) comprised the major diagnoses. After second vaccine dose, 99% seroconverted with a median nAb titre of 1779.8 IU/ml (IQR 882.8–2541.9), declining to 935.6 IU/ml (IQR 261.0–1514.9) and 683.2 IU/ml (IQR 163.5–1400.5) at the 3- and 6-month timepoints, respectively. The diagnosis of JIA [odds ratio (OR) 10.1, 95% CI 1.8–58.4, P = 0.010] and treatment with anti-TNF-α (aTNF) (OR 10.1, 95% CI 1.5–70.0, P = 0.019) were independently associated with a &gt;50% drop of nAb titres at 6 months. Withholding MTX or MMF did not affect the vaccine response or decay rate. The COVID-19 breakthrough infection was estimated at 18.2 cases/1000 patient-months with no clinical risk factors identified.

Conclusion
Over half of AYAs with cRDs had a significant drop in SARS-CoV-2 nAb at 6-month despite an initial robust humoral response. JIA and aTNF usage are predictors of a faster decay rate.
Urine proteomics by mass spectrometry identifies proteins involved in key pathogenic pathways in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Morales Melissa , Alayi Tchilabalo D , Tawalbeh Shefa M , Sydenstricker Agnes V , Spathis Rita , Kim Hanna , Nagaraju Kanneboyina , Hathout Yetrib , Rider Lisa G 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To identify and validate biomarkers in JDM patients using a multiplexing tandem mass tag urine proteome profiling approach.

Methods
First morning void urine samples were collected from JDM patients (n = 20) and healthy control subjects (n = 21) and processed for analysis using a standardized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach. Biomarkers with significantly altered levels were correlated with clinical measures of myositis disease activity and damage. A subset of candidate biomarkers was validated using commercially available ELISA kits.

Results
In total, 2348 proteins were detected in the samples, with 275 proteins quantified across all samples. Among the differentially altered proteins, cathepsin D and galectin-3 binding protein were significantly increased in the urine of JDM patients (adjusted P &lt; 0.05), supporting previous findings in myositis patients. These two candidate biomarkers were confirmed with ELISAs. Cathepsin D positively correlated with Myositis Damage Index (r = 0.57, P &lt; 0.05) and negatively correlated with the Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (r = −0.54, P &lt; 0.05). We also identified novel JDM candidate biomarkers involved with key features of myositis, including extracellular matrix remodelling proteins.

Conclusion
This study confirmed the presence of several proteins in the urine of JDM patients that were previously found to be elevated in the blood of myositis patients and identified novel candidate biomarkers that require validation. These results support the use of urine as a source for biomarker development in JDM.
Cannabis and male sexual health: contemporary qualitative review and insight into perspectives of young men on the internet
Authors: Shahinyan Gary K , Hu Ming-Yeah Y , Jiang Tommy , Osadchiy Vadim , Sigalos John T , Mills Jesse N , Kachroo Naveen , Eleswarapu Sriram V 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionCannabis use is increasing across the United States, yet its short- and long-term effects on sexual function remain controversial. Currently, there is a paucity of studies exploring the relationship between cannabis and men’s health.ObjectivesTo summarize the available literature on cannabis and men’s health and provide insight into lay perceptions of this topic.MethodsWe performed a qualitative PubMed review of the existing literature on cannabis and men’s health according to the PRISMA guidelines. Separately, we analyzed relevant themes in online men’s health forums. We utilized a Google cloud–based platform (BigQuery) to extract relevant posts from 5 men’s health Reddit forums from August 2018 to August 2019. We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of the posts and quantitatively analyzed them using natural language processing and a meaning extraction method with principal component analysis.ResultsOur literature review revealed a mix of animal and human studies demonstrating the negative effects of cannabis on semen parameters and varying effects on erectile function and hormone levels. In our analysis of 372 686 Reddit posts, 1190 (0.3%) included relevant discussion on cannabis and men’s health. An overall 272 posts were manually analyzed, showing that online discussions revolve around seeking answers and sharing the effects of cannabis on various aspects of sexual health and quality of life, often with conflicting experiences. Quantitative analysis revealed 1 thematic cluster related to cannabis, insecurity, and mental/physical health.ConclusionsThere is a limited number of quality human studies investigating the effects of cannabis on men’s health. Men online are uncertain about how cannabis affects their sexual health and seek more information. As the prevalence of cannabis use increases, so does the need for research in this area.
Prescription Drug Misuse with Alcohol Coingestion among US Adolescents: Youth Experiences, Health-related Factors, and Other Substance Use Behaviors
Authors: Ford Jason A. , McCabe Sean Esteban , Schepis Ty S. 
Published: January 2023

Background
While alcohol use and prescription drug misuse (PDM) are common among adolescents, there is relatively little research on coingestion. This is disquieting as polysubstance use has become a major contributing factor in drug overdose deaths among young people in the United States.

Methods
The current research uses multiple years of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015–2019) to assess characteristics associated with coingestion among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (N = 57,352). Multinomial logistic regression analysis is used to identify characteristics associated with past 30-day PDM with and without alcohol coingestion. The primary objective is to determine how youth experiences with parents, involvement in conventional activities, religiosity, social support, and school status are associated with coingestion.

Results
Among adolescents who report past 30-day PDM, 18.6% coingest with alcohol and 77.5% of adolescents who coingest report at least one substance use disorder. Several youth experiences were significantly associated with opioid coingestion including increased conflict with parents (relative risk ratio [RRR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.48), lower levels of religiosity (RRR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52–0.98), less social support (RRR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18–0.69), and not being in school (RRR, 3.86; 95% CI, 1.33–11.17). In addition, emergency department visits, depression, and other substance use behaviors were also significantly associated with coingestion.

Conclusions
Findings demonstrate a strong connection between coingestion and substance use disorder among US adolescents. The findings from the current study can inform prevention and intervention efforts by identifying youth experiences and health-related factors that are associated with coingestion.
Nutraceuticals in the Prevention and Therapeutic Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Fleenor Bradley S. , Carlini Nicholas A. , Martens Christopher R. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
This review overviews and highlights arterial stiffening as a key physiological process and target for the prevention and/or lowering of cardio- and cerebrovascular disease (collectively CVD) risk.

Methods:
We identified nutraceutical approaches from randomized controlled trials and discussed the associated mechanisms by which these compounds lower age-related arterial stiffness. Age-related CVD are the leading cause of mortality in modernized societies. Arterial dysfunction, specifically stiffening of the large elastic arteries during midlife, is a key physiological process resulting in increased CVD risk. Current pharmaceutical approaches for lowering age-related arterial stiffness have limited efficacy, thus highlighting the need to identify novel approaches for lowering arterial stiffness and thereby CVD risk. Lifestyle interventions are a historical first-line approach to prevent and/or lower the adverse arterial stiffening effects observed with aging. Nutraceutical interventions, defined as a food or part of a food providing health benefits, are a nonpharmacological, novel lifestyle approach to lower age-associated arterial stiffness. Therefore, identifying nutraceutical approaches to lower CVD risk is clinically significant.

Summary:
This review provides a basic, yet essential, understanding for emerging nutraceutical strategies for the prevention and therapeutic treatment of CVD.
Association between renal sympathetic denervation and arterial stiffness: the ASORAS study
Authors: Zeijen Victor J.M. , Feyz Lida , Kardys Isabella , Geleijnse Marcel L. , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Zijlstra Felix , Lafeber Melvin , Van Der Geest Rob J. , Hirsch Alexander , Daemen Joost 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
Renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) reduces blood pressure (BP). However, one out of three patients does not exhibit a significant BP response to the therapy. This study investigates the association between noninvasive vascular stiffness indices and RDN-mediated BP reduction.

Methods:
In this prospective, single-arm pilot study, patients with systolic office BP at least 140 mmHg, mean 24-h systolic ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) at least 130 mmHg and at least three prescribed antihypertensive drugs underwent radiofrequency RDN. The primary efficacy endpoint was temporal evolution of mean 24-h systolic ABP throughout 1-year post RDN (measured at baseline and 3–6–12 months). Effect modification was studied for baseline ultrasound carotid–femoral and magnetic resonance (MR) pulse wave velocity (PWV), MR aortic distensibility, cardiac MR left ventricular parameters and clinical variables. Statistical analyses were performed using linear mixed-effects models, and effect modification was assessed using interaction terms.

Results:
Thirty patients (mean age 62.5 ± 10.7 years, 50% women) with mean 24-h ABP 146.7/80.8 ± 13.7/12.0 mmHg were enrolled. Following RDN, mean 24-h systolic ABP changed with −8.4 (95% CI: −14.5 to −2.3) mmHg/year (P = 0.007). Independent effect modifiers were CF-PWV [+2.7 (0.3 to 5.1) mmHg/year change in outcome for every m/s increase in CF-PWV; P = 0.03], daytime diastolic ABP [−0.4 (−0.8 to 0.0) mmHg/year per mmHg; P = 0.03], age [+0.6 (0.2 to 1.0) mmHg/year per year of age; P = 0.006], female sex [−14.0 (−23.1 to −5.0) mmHg/year as compared with men; P = 0.003] and BMI [+1.2 (0.1 to 2.2) mmHg/year per kg/m2; P = 0.04].

Conclusion:
Higher CF-PWV at baseline was associated with a smaller reduction in systolic ABP following RDN. These findings could contribute to improve identification of RDN responders.
INVESTIGATION OF INCIDENCE AND CAUSES OF ACUTE VISION LOSS DURING ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION DURING A FOUR-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Machida Akira , Oishi Akio , Tsuiki Eiko , Maekawa Yuki , Kurihara Junko , Hirata Yuki , Machida Eriko , Kitaoka Takashi 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of patients with age-related macular degeneration who experienced acute vision loss despite periodic injections of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for 4 years.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included patients who were diagnosed with treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration and completed a 4-year follow-up. The incidence and risk factors for the occurrence of three or more lines of visual loss at every checkup were investigated.

Results:
The analysis included 76 eyes of 76 patients. Acute vision loss occurred in 30 eyes (39.5%) over 4 years. Lower baseline best-corrected visual acuity and disrupted ellipsoid zone were independent predictors of vision loss occurrence. Although the causes and timing of visual acuity loss varied, retinal pigment epithelium tears were observed only in the first year. Most patients (86.7%) who experienced vision loss recovered their vision to pre-loss levels at least once; however, the final best-corrected visual acuity was worse than that in the group that did not experience acute vision loss.

Conclusion:
Approximately half of the patients with age-related macular degeneration experienced acute vision loss during a 4-year follow-up, despite continuous anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Most patients recovered from vision losses temporarily; however, they experienced worse visual outcomes subsequently.