bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration or distraction? A synergetic-based attention weights optimization method
Authors: Wang Zihao , Li Haifeng , Ma Lin , Jiang Feng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe attention mechanism empowers deep learning to a broader range of applications, but the contribution of the attention module is highly controversial. Research on modern Hopfield networks indicates that the attention mechanism can also be used in shallow networks. Its automatic sample filtering facilitates instance extraction in Multiple Instances Learning tasks. Since the attention mechanism has a clear contribution and intuitive performance in shallow networks, this paper further investigates its optimization method based on the recurrent neural network. Through comprehensive comparison, we find that the Synergetic Neural Network has the advantage of more accurate and controllable convergences and revertible converging steps. Therefore, we design the Syn layer based on the Synergetic Neural Network and propose the novel invertible activation function as the forward and backward update formula for attention weights concentration or distraction. Experimental results show that our method outperforms other methods in all Multiple Instances Learning benchmark datasets. Concentration improves the robustness of the results, while distraction expands the instance observing space and yields better results. Codes available at https://github.com/wzh134/Syn.
GIPC-GAN: an end-to-end gradient and intensity joint proportional constraint generative adversarial network for multi-focus image fusion
Authors: Li Junwu , Li Binhua , Jiang Yaoxi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs for the problems of boundary blurring and information loss in the multi-focus image fusion method based on the generative decision maps, this paper proposes a new gradient-intensity joint proportional constraint generative adversarial network for multi-focus image fusion, with the name of GIPC-GAN. First, a set of labeled multi-focus image datasets using the deep region competition algorithm on a public dataset is constructed. It can train the network and generate fused images in an end-to-end manner, while avoiding boundary errors caused by artificially constructed decision maps. Second, the most meaningful information in the multi-focus image fusion task is defined as the target intensity and detail gradient, and a jointly constrained loss function based on intensity and gradient proportional maintenance is proposed. Constrained by a specific loss function to force the generated image to retain the information of target intensity, global texture and local texture of the source image as much as possible and maintain the structural consistency between the fused image and the source image. Third, we introduce GAN into the network, and establish an adversarial game between the generator and the discriminator, so that the intensity structure and texture gradient retained by the fused image are kept in a balance, and the detailed information of the fused image is further enhanced. Last but not least, experiments are conducted on two multi-focus public datasets and a multi-source multi-focus image sequence dataset and compared with other 7 state-of-the-art algorithms. The experimental results show that the images fused by the GIPC-GAN model are superior to other comparison algorithms in both subjective performance and objective measurement, and basically meet the requirements of real-time image fusion in terms of running efficiency and mode parameters quantity.
Low-Intensity Mindfulness and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: Pilot Study
Authors: Noda Shota , Honda Yumi , Komatsu Chika , Hasegawa Yosuke , Hasegawa Asuka , Minami Fusaka , Shirotsuki Kentaro , Nakao Mutsuhiro , Kaiya Hisanobu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA four-session program of mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy (M-CBT) is a low-intensity treatment module for individuals with high cost/probability bias and social anxiety symptoms. We tested its effectiveness with 23 patients with social anxiety disorder. The patients completed a set of questionnaires that evaluated social anxiety symptoms, cost/probability bias, fear of negative evaluation from others, self-focused attention, trait mindfulness, depressive symptoms, cognitive reappraisal, and suppression at pretreatment, the time before each session of treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models showed that the M-CBT was effective for social anxiety symptoms, cost/probability bias, fear of negative evaluation from others, self-focused attention, trait mindfulness, depressive symptoms, and cognitive reappraisal. The M-CBT also produced significant pre-post-improvements in social anxiety symptoms and cost bias with high effect sizes (social anxiety symptoms: d = 1.04–1.06, cost bias: d = 0.82–1.02). These results suggest that M-CBT is effective for treating social anxiety symptoms and cost bias. This study demonstrates that M-CBT is feasible and acceptable for social anxiety disorder. It may comprise a treatment module for those who do not respond to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy. Trial registration number: University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN CTR) UMIN000043720, Registered 23 Mar 2021.
A causal loop diagram of older persons’ emergency department visits and interactions of its contributing factors: a group model building approach
Authors: Smeekes Oscar S. , Willems Hanna C. , Blomberg Ilse , Buurman Bianca M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Understanding the etiology of older persons’ emergency department (ED) visits is highly needed. Many contributing factors have been identified, however, the role their interactions play remains unclear. Causal loop diagrams (CLDs), as conceptual models, can visualize these interactions and therefore may elucidate their role. This study aimed to better understand why people older than 65 years of age visit the ED in Amsterdam by capturing the interactions of contributing factors as perceived by an expert group in a CLD through group model building (GMB).

Methods
Six qualitative online focus group like sessions, known as GMB, were conducted with a purposefully recruited interdisciplinary expert group of nine that resulted in a CLD that depicted their shared view.

Results
The CLD included four direct contributing factors, 29 underlying factors, 66 relations between factors and 18 feedback loops. The direct factors included, ‘acute event’, ‘frailty’, ‘functioning of the healthcare professional’ and ‘availability of alternatives for the ED’. All direct factors showed direct as well as indirect contribution to older persons’ ED visits in the CLD through interaction.

Conclusion
Functioning of the healthcare professional and availability of alternatives for the ED were considered pivotal factors, together with frailty and acute event. These factors, as well as many underlying factors, showed extensive interaction in the CLD, thereby contributing directly and indirectly to older persons’ ED visits. This study helps to better understand the etiology of older persons’ ED visits and in specific the way contributing factors interact. Furthermore, its CLD can help to find solutions for the increasing numbers of older adults in the ED.
Ethnic segregation and spatial patterns of attitudes: studying the link using register data and social simulation
Authors: Feliciani Thomas , Tolsma Jochem , Flache Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe theorize the causal link between ethnic residential segregation and polarization of ethnic attitudes within and between ethnic groups (e.g. attitudes towards immigration policies, multiculturalism, tolerance or trust in certain ethnic groups). We propose that the complex relationship between segregation and polarization might be explained by three assumptions: (1) ethnic membership moderates social influence–residents influence each other’s attitudes and their ethnic background moderates this influence; (2) spatial proximity between residents increases opportunities for influence; (3) the degree of ethnic segregation varies across space–and therefore, the mix of intra- and inter-ethnic influence also varies across space. We borrow and extend an (agent-based) simulation model of social influence to systematically explore how these three assumptions affect the polarization of ethnic attitudes within and between ethnic groups under the assumptions made in the model. We simulate neighborly interactions and social influence dynamics in the districts of Rotterdam, using empirically observed segregation patterns as input of our simulations. According to our model, polarization in ethnic attitudes is stronger in districts and parts of districts where mixing of ethnic groups allows for many opportunities to interact with both the ethnic ingroup and the outgroup. Our study provides a new theoretical perspective on polarization of ethnic attitudes by demonstrating that the segregation-polarization link can emerge as an unintended outcome from repeated intra- and inter-ethnic interactions in segregated spaces.
Das Konstrukt der Verbundenheit und seine Bedeutung für das Handschreiben
Authors: Odersky Eva , Speck-Hamdan Angelika , Lenzgeiger Barbara , Stark Maximilian , Lohrmann Katrin 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von einer unverbundenen Druckschrift und einer meist im 2. Schuljahr erlernten verbundenen Ausgangsschrift ist die Entwicklung einer persönlichen Handschrift ein Ziel des Grundschulunterrichts. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, welche Schriften – eher unverbunden oder eher verbunden – Schülerinnen und Schüler am Ende der 4. Jahrgangsstufe schreiben. Offen ist zudem, wie die Zugehörigkeit zu einer Klasse und die von den Schülerinnen und Schülern empfundene Freiheit der Schriftwahl mit der Verbundenheit der Schrift zusammenhängen. Auch Zusammenhänge zwischen der Verbundenheit der Schriften und ihrer Automatisierung sind bisher nicht geklärt. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden im Rahmen einer querschnittlich-quantitativen Studie Schriftproben von 322 Schülerinnen und Schülern der 4. Jahrgangsstufe untersucht. Hier wurde deutlich, dass sich jenseits der erlernten unverbundenen bzw. verbundenen Ausgangsschriften individuelle Weiterentwicklungen hin zu teilverbundenen Schriften zeigen; insgesamt konnten sieben Kategorien identifiziert werden. Die Analyse der Chi-Quadrat-Tests, der multinomialen logistischen Regressionen sowie der linearen Regressionsmodelle weisen auf die Bedeutung der Klassenzugehörigkeit für die Handschriften der Kinder hin und deuten an, dass vor allem teilverbundene Schriften einen hohen Grad an Automatisierung aufweisen.
Development and Initial Validation of a School Self-assessment Tool to Measure the Extent to Which Schools are Prepared to Prevent and Respond to Cyberbullying and Other Challenges to the School Social Environment
Authors: Van Dyke Nina , MacDonald Fiona , Bajayo Rachael , Nguyen Chinh Duc , Leung Cynthia , Francis Sophie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBullying, which includes cyberbullying and face-to-face bullying, is amongst the most pervasive threats to the wellbeing of children and young people. As social environments, schools are at the forefront of managing bullying behaviours. The rapidly changing and complex nature of bullying requires schools to put in place and maintain systems to prepare for and respond to such activities, and to continually test and refine these systems to ensure optimal performance. Despite this clear need, there is a lack of school level, self-assessment tools that enable schools to assess and measure their preparedness to deal with bullying and related disruptive activities. The aim of this paper was to describe the development, and reliability and validity testing, of such a tool—the School Self-Assessment Tool. The result is a 22-item, evidence-based, reliable, and validated instrument, situated within socio-ecological theory, and drawing on theories of behaviourism, social learning theory, prevention science, and systems change in the school climate literature. Schools may use the SSAT-22 in a number of ways depending on their needs, including to monitor progress, examine areas of strengths or challenges, and/or assist in collaborative efforts with other schools.
Pain Catastrophizing Related to Psychological Inflexibility, Self-Reported Injuries and Perfectionism in Soccer Referees
Authors: Arbinaga Félix 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to analyze how psychological flexibility, perfectionism, and reported injuries are related to pain catastrophizing in soccer referees.

Methods
Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Data were collected online from 199 soccer referees. Pain catastrophizing was assessed with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, psychological inflexibility with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, and perfectionism with the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Data were also gathered on other injury-related variables.

Results
Referees with medium–high scores on psychological inflexibility showed greater pain catastrophizing (t = 5.322, P < 0.001), rumination (t = 4.004, P < 0.001), helplessness (t = 5.023, P < 0.001) and magnification (t = 5.590, P < 0.001) than those with low scores. Psychological inflexibility emerged as a significant predictor of catastrophizing (β = 0.313, P = 0.006). A slight relationship was found between perfectionism and catastrophizing. For all subscales, the referees who reported mild–moderate injuries in the last three seasons showed greater pain catastrophizing, while those with severe injuries obtained higher scores on all dimensions of catastrophizing except magnification. Finally, those who reported severe injuries only obtained higher scores on rumination and helplessness.

Conclusion
These results provide a better understanding of the variables that influence pain perception. Possible interventions are suggested based on the observation that greater psychological flexibility was associated with lower pain catastrophizing, with the specific features of the latter depending on the presence and severity of the injury.
Knitting Circular Ties: Empowering Networks for the Social Enterprise-led Local Development of an Integrative Circular Economy
Authors: Pusz Małgorzata , Jonas Andrew E. G. , Deutz Pauline 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCircular economy (CE) discourse primarily focuses on business-as-usual and resource-related economic processes whilst overlooking relational-spatial aspects, especially networking for local development. There are, however, many mission-driven social enterprises (SEs) engaging in short-loop activities at the neighbourhood and city scales (e.g., reuse, upcycling, refurbishing or repair). Such localised activities are often overlooked by mainstream policies, yet they could be vital to the local development of the CE into a more socio-environmentally integrated set of localised social structures and relations. This paper examines the role of SEs, their networks and structures in building a more socially integrated CE in the City of Hull (UK). Drawing upon the Social Network Analysis approach and semi-structured interviews with 31 case study SEs representing variegated sectors (e.g., food, wood/furniture, textiles, arts and crafts, hygiene, construction/housing, women, elderly, ethnic minorities, homeless, prisoners, mentally struggling), it maps SEs’ cross-sector relationships with private, public and social sector organizations. It then considers how these network constellations could be ‘woven’ into symbiotic relationships between SEs whilst fostering knowledge spillovers and resource flows for the local development of a more socially integrative CE. We contend that integrating considerations of SEs’ organizational attributes and their socio-spatial positioning within networks and social structures offers new insights into the underlying power-relations and variegated levels of trust within the emergent social-circular enterprise ecosystem. These aspects are presented in the form of a comprehensive heuristic framework, which reveals how respective organizational and network characteristics may impact SEs’ performance outcomes and, ultimately, a more integrated approach to local CE development.
ON EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS INDUCED BY LOCALLY COMPACT ABELIAN POLISH GROUPS
Authors: DING LONGYUN , ZHENG YANG 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Given a Polish group G, let

$E(G)$

be the right coset equivalence relation

$G^{\omega }/c(G)$

, where

$c(G)$

is the group of all convergent sequences in G. The connected component of the identity of a Polish group G is denoted by

$G_0$

.
Let

$G,H$

be locally compact abelian Polish groups. If

$E(G)\leq _B E(H)$

, then there is a continuous homomorphism

$S:G_0\rightarrow H_0$

such that

$\ker (S)$

is non-archimedean. The converse is also true when G is connected and compact.
For

$n\in {\mathbb {N}}^+$

, the partially ordered set

$P(\omega )/\mbox {Fin}$

can be embedded into Borel equivalence relations between

$E({\mathbb {R}}^n)$

and

$E({\mathbb {T}}^n)$

.
Hidden Sources of Anti-Muslim Attitudes: Joint Effects of Interactions and Exposure to Out-Groups
Authors: Tanaka Seiki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInteractions between social identity groups can reduce perceptions of threatening out-groups and improve inter-group attitudes. But these interactions have an inevitable side effect: while an interaction may improve attitudes among its participants, the same interaction can increase exposure to out-groups in the proximity of the interaction, leading to increased perceptions of threat among those not participating in the interaction. With such negative externalities in mind, this paper argues that the presence of a large number of out-group members both improves and aggravates native attitudes toward out-groups in the same area, which may, in the aggregate, conceal a hot spot of anti-immigration attitudes. This study examines the effects of interaction and exposure through a series of surveys of native attitudes toward Muslim immigrants in the Netherlands. While the exposure effect was not observed, empirical analyses suggest that brief interactions tend to worsen negative attitudes toward Muslims, possibly due to their physical and religious appearances. This highlights the importance of visual cues in shaping inter-group relations, as these visual cues may prompt natives to sort out interactions based on appearance, hindering efforts to promote inter-group contact between Muslims and non-Muslims.
The benefits of nurturant-involved parenting for children’s internalizing symptoms and cardiometabolic health in high-risk contexts
Authors: Wiggins Elizabeth R. , Brisson Julie M. , Lavner Justin A. , Ehrlich Katherine B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite evidence that nurturant-involved parenting is linked with children’s social, psychological, and physiological development, less is known about the specific contexts in which nurturant-involved parenting is most beneficial for children’s mental and physical health. The present study examined how associations between nurturant-involved parenting and children’s internalizing symptoms and cardiometabolic risk varied as a function of children’s stress and discrimination. Participants included 165 Black and Latinx children (Mage= 11.5 years) and their guardians. Children reported on their ongoing stress, experiences of discrimination, and internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety). Guardians provided information about their nurturant-involved parenting practices. Children’s cardiometabolic risk was assessed as a composite reflecting a high level of systolic or diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, HbA1c, triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol. Regression analyses indicated that among youth who reported high levels of stress and discrimination, nurturant-involved parenting was negatively associated with cardiometabolic risk. Although children’s stress and discrimination were significantly associated with their internalizing symptoms, neither stress nor discrimination moderated the relation between nurturant-involved parenting and internalizing symptoms. Results highlight the significant role that parents play in shaping children’s health, particularly among youth experiencing high levels of stress and discrimination.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Symptom Self-Management Behaviors Tool for adolescents/young adults with cancer
Authors: Stegenga Kristin , Erickson Jeanne M. , Linder Lauri , Macpherson Catherine Fiona , Elswick R.K. , Ameringer Suzanne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesAdolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) with cancer experience symptoms related to disease and treatment. To manage these symptoms, they need to develop self-management behaviors, yet no tool exists to assess these behaviors. The Symptom Self-Management Behaviors Tool (SSMBT) was developed to meet this need.MethodsThe study consisted of 2 phases. Phase 1 evaluated content validity, and Phase 2 evaluated reliability and validity. The SSMBT initially contained 14 items with 2 dimensions: (1) behaviors used to Manage Symptoms and (2) behaviors used to communicate with providers regarding symptoms. Four oncology professionals and 5 AYAs with cancer assessed the content validity. Evaluation of reliability and validity involved 61 AYAs with cancer. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was assessed with factor analysis. Discriminant validity was assessed using associations with symptom severity and distress.ResultsContent validity evaluation supported the importance of the items. Factor analysis supported a two-factor structure: Manage Symptoms (8 items) and Communicate with Healthcare Providers (4 items) subscales. Internal consistency reliability for the total SSMBT was acceptable with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.74. Cronbach’s alpha value for the Manage Symptoms subscale was α = 0.69 and for the Communicate with Healthcare Providers subscale was α = 0.78. The SSMBT total and the Manage Symptoms subscale scores were moderately correlated with symptom severity (r = 0.35, p = 0.014; r = 0.44, p = 0.002, respectively), partially supporting discriminant validity.Significance of resultsSystematic assessment of behaviors AYAs use is critical for clinical practice and evaluate interventions to improve self-management. The SSMBT demonstrates initial reliability and validity but requires further evaluation for clinical interpretation and future use.