bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Heritage Accessibility in the Digital Era and the Greek Legal Framework
Authors: Markellou Marina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNew technologies provide great opportunities for cultural heritage to become more widely accessible and for cultural experience to be more meaningful. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the strengths and vulnerabilities of the cultural heritage sector and the need to accelerate its digital transformation to make the most of the opportunities it provides. The Commission Recommendation on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation (2011/711/EU) concluded that there is an urgent need to protect and preserve European cultural heritage, and, in particular, endangered cultural heritage is still present. However, the diversity of legal approaches to cultural heritage by the Member States discourages the creation of a common European data space for cultural heritage as the European Commission recently proclaimed. In Greece, there have been significant efforts in recent decades to digitise and digitally preserve cultural heritage goods. However, the attention was not drew upon the accessibility and reuse of the digitized cultural heritage content. According to the relevant regulatory framework the existing rules on the use of digital technologies for the reproduction, use and preservation of cultural heritage content is obviously outdated. According to the paragraphs 4 and 5 of article 46 of the Greek Code for the protection of antiquities and cultural heritage in general (Law 4858/2021), a previous permission granted by the Ministry of Culture is required for the production, reproduction and dissemination to the public of impressions, copies or depictions of monuments belonging to the Public Sector, or immovable monuments that are located within archaeological sites and historical places or are isolated, or movable monuments that are kept in museums or public collections, in any way and by any means whatsoever, including Information Communication Technologies. Such permission is granted to natural or legal persons for a fee paid to the Hellenic Organization of Cultural Resources Development (HOCRED) upon the decision of the Minister of Culture, while the decision also specifies the temporal validity of the permission, the terms on which the permission is granted and the fee that must be paid. The production, reproduction and use of the aforementioned goods for other purposes, such as artistic, educational or scientific purposes, is again allowed for a fee paid to HOCRED, however, the fee can be waived upon the decision of the Minister of Culture. This Paper will examine the existing Greek legal framework and will attempt to propose an appropriate framework that will ensure open access to the digitized cultural heritage assets, enhance the recovery and transformation of the cultural heritage sector and support cultural heritage institutions in becoming more empowered and more resilient in the future.
Small-Scale Dynamos: From Idealized Models to Solar and Stellar Applications
Authors: Rempel Matthias , Bhatia Tanayveer , Bellot Rubio Luis , Korpi-Lagg Maarit J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article we review small-scale dynamo processes that are responsible for magnetic field generation on scales comparable to and smaller than the energy carrying scales of turbulence. We provide a review of critical observation of quiet Sun magnetism, which have provided strong support for the operation of a small-scale dynamo in the solar photosphere and convection zone. After a review of basic concepts we focus on numerical studies of kinematic growth and non-linear saturation in idealized setups, with special emphasis on the role of the magnetic Prandtl number for dynamo onset and saturation. Moving towards astrophysical applications we review convective dynamo setups that focus on the deep convection zone and the photospheres of solar-like stars. We review the critical ingredients for stellar convection setups and discuss their application to the Sun and solar-like stars including comparison against available observations.
A group identification account of collective epistemic vices
Authors: Miyazono Kengo , Iizuka Rie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper offers an account of collective epistemic vices, which we call the “group identification account”. The group identification account attributes collective epistemic vices to the groups that are constituted by “group identification”, which is a primitive and non-doxastic self-understanding as a group member (Turner, 1982; Brewer, 1991; Brewer & Gardner, 1996; Pacherie, 2013; Salice & Miyazono, 2020). The distinctive feature of the group identification account is that it enables us to attribute epistemic vices not just to established social groups (e.g. committees, research teams, juries) but also to loose social groups (e.g. loosely connected people in an echo chamber) when they are constituted by group identification. The group identification account is contrasted with Fricker’s (2010, 2020) influential account, the “joint commitment account”, which focuses on established social groups, and has difficulty in making sense of collective epistemic vices of loose social groups. The group identification account is motivated by the fact that collective epistemic vices can be useful to diagnose not only the epistemic performance of established groups but also that of loose groups in real-life cases, such as echo chamber (Nguyen, 2020), implicit bias (Holroyd, 2020), group polarization (Broncano-Berrocal & Carter, 2021), etc.
Simulation of CO2 Storage Using a Parameterization Method for Essential Trapping Physics: FluidFlower Benchmark Study
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Zhang Ziliang , Vuik Cornelis , Hajibeygi Hadi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn efficient compositional framework is developed for simulation of CO$$_{2}$$

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storage in saline aquifers during a full-cycle injection, migration and post-migration processes. Essential trapping mechanisms, including structural, dissolution, and residual trapping, which operate at different time scales, are accurately captured in the presented unified framework. In particular, a parameterization method is proposed to efficiently describe the relevant physical processes. The proposed framework is validated by comparing the dynamics of gravity-induced convective transport with that reported in the literature. Results show good agreement for both the characteristics of descending fingers and the associated dissolution rate. The developed simulator is then applied to study the FluidFlower benchmark model. An experimental setup with heterogeneous geological layers is discretized into a two-dimensional computational domain where numerical simulation is performed. Impacts of hysteresis and the diffusion of CO$$_{2}$$

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in liquid phase on the migration and trapping of CO$$_{2}$$

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plume are investigated. Inclusion of the hysteresis effect does not affect plume migration in this benchmark model, whereas diffusion plays an important role in promoting convective mixing. This work casts a promising approach to predict the migration of the CO$$_{2}$$

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plume, and to assess the amount of trapping from different mechanisms for long-term CO$$_{2}$$

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storage.
Estimation of genetic parameters for semen traits in Egyptian buffalo bulls
Authors: Salem Mohamed M. I. , Amin Amin M.S. , Ashour Ayman F. , EL Nagar Ayman G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted to characterize semen traits (ejaculate volume (VOL), mass motility (MM), sperm livability (LS), percentage of abnormal sperms (AS), and sperm concentration (CONC)) of Egyptian buffalo bulls and evaluate the importance of some nongenetic factors (year (YC) and season (SC) of semen collection and age of bull genetically and environmentally at collection (ABC)) affecting the investigated traits. A total of 7761 normal semen ejaculates were collected from 26 bulls from 2009 to 2019. Single-trait and bivariate repeatability animal models using Bayesian methods were used to estimate variance components, heritability, repeatability, and genetic correlations among the investigated semen traits. YC and ABC exerted significant effects on most semen traits, whereas SC exerted no significant effect on all the investigated semen traits. Heritability estimates were 0.08, 0.52, 0.51, 0.04, and 0.49 for VOL, MM, LS, AS, and CONC, respectively. Repeatability estimates were 0.14, 0.82, 0.79, 0.06, and 0.78 for VOL, MM, LS, AS, and CONC, respectively. The genetic correlations between MM and each of LS and CONC were highly significant (0.99 ± 0.01 and 0.95 ± 0.14, respectively), and that between LS and CONC was also highly significant (0.92 ± 0.20). The high heritability estimates for MM, LS, and CONC combined with the favorable high significant genetic correlations between these traits indicated that direct selection for MM may be an effective method to enhance semen quality in Egyptian buffalo bulls and consequently improve fertility.
Symbolic Treatment of Trigonometric Parametrizations: The General Unirational Case and Applications
Authors: Lastra Alberto , Sendra Juan Rafael , Sendra Juana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider symbolic (hybrid trigonometric) parametrizations defined as tuples of real rational expressions involving circular and hyperbolic trigonometric functions as well as monomials, with the restriction that variables in each block of functions are different. We prove that the varieties parametrizable in this way are exactly the class of real unirational varieties of any dimension. In addition, we provide symbolic algorithms to implicitize and to convert a hybrid trigonometric parametrization into a unirational one, and vice versa. We illustrate by some examples the applicability of having these different types of parametrizations, namely, hybrid trigonometric and unirational.
Speciesist bias in AI: a reply to Arandjelović
Authors: Hagendorff Thilo , Bossert Leonie , Fai Tse Yip , Singer Peter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe elimination of biases in artificial intelligence (AI) applications—for example biases based on race or gender—is a high priority in AI ethics. So far, however, efforts to eliminate bias have all been anthropocentric. Biases against nonhuman animals have not been considered, despite the influence AI systems can have on normalizing, increasing, or reducing the violence that is inflicted on animals, especially on farmed animals. Hence, in 2022, we published a paper in AI and Ethics in which we empirically investigated various examples of image recognition, word embedding, and language models, with the aim of testing whether they perpetuate speciesist biases. A critical response has appeared in AI and Ethics, accusing us of drawing upon theological arguments, having a naive anti-speciesist mindset, and making mistakes in our empirical analyses. We show that these claims are misleading.
Quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) density and stock in the Urmodi River watershed of Maharashtra, India: implications for sustainable land management
Authors: Bagwan Wasim Ayub , Gavali Ravindra Sopan , Maity Ashis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSoil Organic Carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle, affecting soil fertility and agricultural sustainability. Our study focused on areas with low SOC, where increasing its levels could enhance soil health and carbon management. We used an earth science approach to analyze SOC density and stock in different land classes of the Urmodi River watershed in Maharashtra, India. Using GIS, we estimated SOC from soil samples collected up to 20 cm depth, and produced maps of SOC, SOC density (SOCD), and SOC stock. Our results showed that natural vegetation areas, such as closed and open forests, had a higher nutritional status of SOC and SOC stock, indicating the importance of land cover history on soil health. We found the average SOC to be 1.4 g/kg−1, SOCD to be 57.36 kg/m−2, SOC stock to be 3.46 ton/ha−1. We also depicted the relationship between elevation and SOCD using a scatterplot, revealing the distribution of SOC across different elevations. Our study demonstrates the use of modern geoscientific analysis tools to understand the physical and chemical properties of soil, which can be useful in assessing soil health. Overall, our results provide valuable insights into the distribution of SOC and its relationship with other geo-chemical aspects at a regional scale.
From one end of the scale to the other: overweight and obese individuals’ experiences with anorexic attitudes, cognitions, and behaviours
Authors: Beaulieu Danie A. , Best Lisa A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe weight-based definition of anorexia nervosa (AN) can result in heavier individuals being excluded from evidence-based interventions and erroneously included in practices with negative physical and psychological consequences. Our purpose was to address the AN weight criteria limitation by expanding upon the components of disordered eating underlying membership in weight categories that are considered unhealthy. In this cross-sectional study, 733 male and female participants completed online questionnaires assessing age, gender, BMI (height and weight), and disordered eating behaviours and attitudes. Participants were grouped according to their weight status (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese). Results indicated that BMI was positively associated with many aspects of disordered eating but was inversely associated with restricting eating, excessive exercise, and muscle building in women. Underweight men and women reported similar levels of body dissatisfaction, but compared to men, the effect was much more pronounced in women as weight increased. Taken together, lighter-weight individuals reported higher levels of AN-specific behaviour (restricting eating) compared to heavier-weight participants. In contrast, heavier-weight individuals had higher AN-related attitudes, cognitions, and behaviours, such as body dissatisfaction, cognitive restraint, and binge eating. These results support that AN attitudes, cognitions, and behaviours can be found in individuals regardless of whether they are underweight or obese. Future research is needed to develop interventions addressing anorexic symptoms in people considered overweight or obese to meet their specific needs.
Chinese investment, anti-poverty and institutional improvement: evidence from the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Chen Yongjun , Yu Wenwen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the expansion of Chinese overseas investment, the local impact of Chinese investment arose much attention. Much research has found that Chinese investment has short term effect on local economic activities, employment and institution quality. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the poverty reduction effect of Chinese investment and how institution quality mediating the impact of Chinese investment on local residents’ wellbeing. Using data from Afrobarometer's public opinion survey and Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset, we show that active Chinese investment project under the Belt and Road Initiative can reduce the poverty level of residents nearby. Besides, we find that institution improvement enhance the poverty reduction effect of Chinese investment under the Belt and Road Initiative when we measure poverty as short of cash income, and institution improvement do not have impact on poverty reduction effect when we measure poverty using basic needs method and include more dimensions.
Utilizing the Un-Meeting model to advance innovative translational and team science
Authors: Augustine Erika F. , Steele Scott J. , McIntosh Scott , Sugarwala Laura , White Robert J. , Yousefi-Nooraie Reza , Zand Martin S. , Ossip Deborah J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Advances in translational science require innovative solutions, and engagement of productive transdisciplinary teams play a critical role. While various forms of scientific meetings have long provided venues for sharing scientific findings and generating new collaborations, many conferences lack opportunities for active discussions. We describe the use of an Un-Meeting to foster innovative translational science teams through engaged discussions across multidisciplinary groups addressing a shared theme. The Un-Meeting was delivered by the University of Rochester Center for Leading Innovation and Collaboration, the national coordinating center for the National Institutes of Health Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program. This pilot CTSA program Un-Meeting focused on engaging translational scientists, policy-makers, community members, advocates, and public health professionals to address the opioid crisis. The participant-driven format leveraged lightning talks, attendee-led idea generation, and extensive breakout discussions to foster multidisciplinary networking. Results indicated participation by a broad set of attendees and a high level of networking during the meeting. These results, coupled with the growth of the Un-Meeting across the CTSA Consortium, provide practices and models to potentially advance team and translational science. While future work will further assess the impact of Un-Meetings, this format presents a promising approach to enhance translational science.
An ethical framework adapted for infection prevention and control
Authors: Tan Charlie , Ofner Marianna , Candon Heather L. , Reel Kevin , Bean Sally , Chan Adrienne K. , Leis Jerome A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjective:The ethical implications of infection prevention and control (IPAC) are recognized, yet a framework to guide the application of ethical principles is lacking. We adapted an ethical framework to provide a systematic approach for fair and transparent IPAC decision making.Methods:We conducted a literature search for existing ethical frameworks in IPAC. Working with practicing healthcare ethicists, an existing ethical framework was adapted for use in IPAC. Indications were developed for application to practice, with integration of ethical principles and process conditions specifically relevant to IPAC. Practical refinements were made to the framework based on end-user feedback and application to 2 real-world situations.Results:In total, 7 articles were identified that discussed ethical principles within IPAC, but none proposed a systematic framework to guide ethical decision making. The adapted framework, named the Ethical Infection Prevention and Control (EIPAC) framework, takes the user through 4 intuitive and actionable steps, centering key ethical principles that facilitate reasoned and just decision making. In applying the EIPAC framework to practice, weighing the predefined ethical principles in different scenarios was a challenge. Although no hierarchy of principles can apply to all contexts in IPAC, our experience highlighted that the equitable distribution of benefits and burdens, and the proportional impacts of options under review, are particularly important considerations for IPAC.Conclusions:The EIPAC framework can serve as an actionable ethical principles-based decision-making tool for use by IPAC professionals encountering complex situations in any healthcare context.
Characteristics, costs, and outcomes associated with central-line–associated bloodstream infection and hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia in US hospitals
Authors: Yu Kalvin C. , Jung Molly , Ai ChinEn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectives:To compare characteristics and outcomes associated with central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) and electronic health record–determined hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) cases in hospitalized US adults.Methods:We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients in 41 acute-care hospitals. CLABSI cases were defined as those reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). HOB was defined as a positive blood culture with an eligible bloodstream organism collected during the hospital-onset period (ie, on or after day 4). We evaluated patient characteristics, other positive cultures (urine, respiratory, or skin and soft-tissue), and microorganisms in a cross-sectional analysis cohort. We explored adjusted patient outcomes [length of stay (LOS), hospital cost, and mortality] in a 1:5 case-matched cohort.Results:The cross-sectional analysis included 403 patients with NHSN-reportable CLABSIs and 1,574 with non-CLABSI HOB. A positive non-bloodstream culture with the same microorganism as in the bloodstream was reported in 9.2% of CLABSI patients and 32.0% of non-CLABSI HOB patients, most commonly urine or respiratory cultures. Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae were the most common microorganisms in CLABSI and non-CLABSI HOB cases, respectively. In case-matched analyses, CLABSIs and non-CLABSI HOB, separately or combined, were associated with significantly longer LOS [difference, 12.1–17.4 days depending on intensive care unit (ICU) status], higher costs (by $25,207–$55,001 per admission), and a >3.5-fold increased risk of mortality in patients with an ICU encounter.Conclusions:CLABSI and non-CLABSI HOB cases are associated with significant increases in morbidity, mortality, and cost. Our data may help inform prevention and management of bloodstream infections.
Embedding citizens within airborne microplastic and microfibre research
Authors: Williams Ben , De Vito Laura , Sardo Ana M. , Pringle Kirsty , Hansen Mark , Taylor Mark , Lamb-Riddell Kathryn , Laggan Sophie , Cox Tim , Radford Freya , Hayes Enda T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in our environment but their presence in air is less well understood. Homes are likely a key source of airborne microplastics and microfibres to the environment owing to the frequent use and storage of plastics and textiles within them. Studying their presence, concentration and distribution in these environments is difficult without the participation of citizens due to accessibility challenges. Few studies have examined the intricacies of the prevalence of indoor microplastics and microfibres or the link between indoor exposure and behavioural and regulatory approaches that could reduce their concentrations. The application of a quintuple innovation helix framework, within which a co-creative citizen science research methodology is applied, provides an opportunity for citizens to shape the scientific method, ensuring that methods are accessible and appropriate for widespread use and designed by the citizen, for the citizen. Exploring behaviours and motivations in plastic and textile use by citizens with industry may reduce the generation of these particles. Future studies should consider the importance of citizen inclusion when designing research strategies for measuring and reducing microplastic concentrations in homes, enabling a nuanced understanding of their generation and distribution and facilitating the development of appropriate behavioural, industrial and regulatory messaging and mitigative measures.
Reply to Sprenger’s “A Novel Solution to the Problem of Old Evidence”
Authors: Pregel Fabian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractI discuss a contemporary solution to the dynamic problem of old evidence (POE), as proposed by Sprenger. Sprenger’s solution combines the Garber–Jeffrey–Niiniluoto (GJN) approach with Howson’s suggestion of counterfactually removing the old evidence from scientists’ belief systems. I argue that in the dynamic POE, the challenge is to explain how an insight under beliefs in which the old evidence E is known increased the credence of a scientific hypothesis. Therefore, Sprenger’s counterfactual solution, in which E has been artificially removed, does not resolve the problem. I consider several potential responses.