bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High‐Density Raman Photometry for Tracking and Quantifying of AchE Activity in The Brain of Freely Moving Animals with Network
Authors: Zhang Zhonghui , Liu Zhichao , Wu Peicong , Guo Xinhua , Luo Xiao , Yang Youjun , Chen Jinquan , Tian Yang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA high‐density Raman photometry based on a dual‐recognition strategy is created for accurately quantifying acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in 24 brain regions of free‐moving animals with network. A series of 5‐ethynyl‐1,2,3,3‐tetramethyl‐based molecules with different conjugated structures and substitute groups are designed and synthesized for specific recognition of AchE by Raman spectroscopy. After systematically evaluating the recognition ability toward AchE, 2‐(4‐((4‐(dimethylamino)benzoyl)oxy)styryl)‐5‐ethynyl‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐indol‐1‐ium (ET‐5) is finally optimized for AchE determination, which shows the highest selectivity, the greatest sensitivity, and the fastest response time among the investigated seven molecules. More interestingly, using the developed probe for AchE with high accuracy and sensitivity, the optimized AchE regulated by nitric oxide (NO) is discovered for promoting the neurogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs). Benefiting from the high‐density photometry, it is found that the activity and distribution of AchE varied in 24 brain regions, and the levels of AchE activity in 24 brain regions of Alzheimer's mice (AD) are lower than those of normal mice. It is the first time that a functional network of AchE in 24 brain regions is established. It is also found that the loss of AchE functional network in AD mice is restored and reconstructed by the controlled release of AchE regulated by NO.
Eliminating the Imbalanced Mobility Bottlenecks via Reshaping Internal Potential Distribution in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Cui Yu , Zhao Chao , Souza João Paulo Araújo , Benatto Leandro , Koehler Marlus , Ma Wei , Yan Han 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe imbalanced carrier mobility remains a bottleneck for performance breakthrough in even those organic solar cells (OSCs) with recorded power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, a counter electrode doping strategy is proposed to reshape the internal potential distribution, which targets to extract the low mobility carriers at far end. Device simulations reveal that the key of this strategy is to partially dope the active layer with a certain depth, therefore it strengthens the electric field for low mobility carriers near counter electrode region while avoids zeroing the electric field near collection electrode region. Taking advantage of these, PCE enhancements are obtained from 15.4% to 16.2% and from 16.9% to 18.0%, respectively, via cathode p‐doping and anode n‐doping. Extending its application from opaque to semitransparent devices, the PCE of dilute cell rises from 10.5% to 12.1%, with a high light utilization efficiency (LUE) of 3.5%. The findings provide practical solutions to the core device physical problem in OSCs.
A novel report of a fertile female with partial Y chromosome gain completing a healthy pregnancy
Authors: Coleman John , Kavanagh Karl , Kesterton Ian , Hegarty Ann‐Marie , O'Connell Susan M. , Lynch Sally Ann 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present a female patient with a complex sex chromosomal rearrangement [GRCh38] Xp22.33(10701_981101)x1,Yq11.221q11.23(13948013_26483746)x1 who conceived spontaneously and carried a healthy pregnancy to term. The patient presented with extreme short stature (more than 4SD below expected) and a bilateral Madelung deformity suggesting a possible SHOX deletion. The patient was otherwise medically well. This patient's short stature was found to be a result of a complex chromosome rearrangement involving a partial X chromosome deletion, which included the SHOX gene and a gain of Y chromosomal material. The Y chromosome material did not contain the SRY gene locus. This is the first recorded case to date of this rearrangement in a female who spontaneously conceived which resulted in a live birth. This patient had normal external and internal anatomy and normal endocrine evaluation with normal puberty. X‐inactivation studies revealed no evidence of skewed inactivation.
Hand preference in wild crab‐eating capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) in the coastal area of Northest Brazil
Authors: Salmi Roberta , Le Kristie , Silva Jardeani M. , Conceição Daiana P. , Presotto Andrea , Rodrigues dos Santos Ricardo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHandedness is a fundamental human trait, although recent research, especially on nonhuman primates, has shown that it is displayed by other animals as well (e.g., chimpanzees, gorillas). In this study, we explore hand preference in wild crab‐eating tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) inhabiting a mangrove forest located on the coastal area of Northeast Brazil (Maranhão State). Tufted capuchin monkeys at our site use facultatively wooden tools to crack open crabs. We observed hand preference in 12 subjects who spontaneously participated in experiment sessions, in which we provided crabs and tools on wooden platforms. We recorded (using events and bouts) two unimanual tasks, (tool or crab) grabbing and (tool or crab) pounding, and one bimanual task, crab pulling, where one hand kept the crab in place while the other pulled off parts of the crab. Hand preference increased with greater strength needed to perform the task and its complexity. While only 17%−25% of capuchins showed hand preference during grabbing, 44%−64% showed hand preference during pounding, and most subjects 64%−80% displayed a right‐hand preference when performing the bimanual task, for which all lateralized individuals were right‐handed. Hand preference did not vary between adults and juvenile individuals and was not consistent across tasks. Group‐level hand preference was found only for the bimanual task, for which all lateralized individuals were right‐handed. Our findings are in concordance with those of other primate studies showing the emergence of hemispheric specialization for bimanual actions, highlight the importance of conducting such studies on diverse type of tasks, and show the feasibility to conduct experimental manipulation under natural conditions.
Neurocranial growth in the OIM mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Husain Tooba S. , Moore Jacob C. , Huston Lila A. , Miller Courtney A. , Steele Ashley T. , Gonzales Lauren A. , Handler Emma K. , Organ Jason M. , Menegaz Rachel A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disorder of type I collagen characterized by abnormal bone formation. The OI craniofacial phenotype includes midfacial underdevelopment, as well as neurocranial changes (e.g., macrocephaly and platybasia) that may also affect underlying nervous tissues. This study aims to better understand how OI affects the integrated development of the neurocranium and the brain. Juvenile and adult mice with OI (OIM) and unaffected wild type (WT) littermates were imaged using in vivo micro‐computed tomography (microCT). Virtual endocast models were used to measure brain volume, and 3D landmarks were collected from the cranium and brain endocasts. Geometric morphometric analyses were used to compare brain shape and integration between the genotypes. OIM mice had increased brain volumes (relative to cranial centroid size) only at the juvenile stage. No significant difference was seen in cranial base angle (CBA) between OIM and WT mice. However, CBA was higher in juvenile than in adult OIM mice. Brain shape was significantly different between OIM and WT mice at both stages, with OIM mice having more globular brains than WT mice. Neurocranial and brain morphology were strongly integrated within both genotypes, while adult OIM mice tended to have lower levels of skull‐brain integration than WT mice. These results suggest that neurocranial dysmorphologies in OI may be more severe at earlier stages of postnatal development. Decreased skull‐brain integration in adult mice suggests that compensatory mechanisms may exist during postnatal growth to maintain neurological function despite significant changes in neurocranial morphology.
Challenges and Opportunities for Large‐Scale Electrode Processing for Sodium‐Ion and Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Klemens Julian , Wurba Ann‐Kathrin , Burger David , Müller Marcus , Bauer Werner , Büchele Sebastian , Leonet Olatz , Blázquez J. Alberto , Boyano Iker , Ayerbe Elixabete , Ehrenberg Helmut , Fleischer Jürgen , Smith Anna , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries are an emerging technology that is still at an early stage of development. The electrode processing for anode and cathode is expected to be similar to lithium‐ion batteries (drop‐in technology), yet a detailed comparison is not published. There are ongoing questions about the influence of the active materials on processing parameters such as slurry viscosity, coating thicknesses, drying times, and behavior during fast drying. Herein, the expected drying time for the same areal capacity of anodes (graphite vs. hard carbon) and cathodes (lithium iron phosphate vs. Prussian blue analogs) are compared based on respective specific capacities reported in the literature. Estimates are made for the materials’ impact on production speed or dryer length. Within the experimental part, water‐based slurries of the same composition are mixed using different active materials according to identical procedure and the viscosity is compared. When drying at a constant drying rate (0.75 g m−2 s−1), lithium iron phosphate electrodes with different areal capacities (1–3 mAh cm−2) are shown to have the highest adhesion. For high drying rates (3 g m−2 s−1) at constant areal capacity, especially the investigated electrodes based on hard carbon show that no binder migration occurs.
Eliminating genes for a two‐component system increases PHB productivity in Cupriavidus basilensis 4G11 under PHB suppressing, nonstress conditions
Authors: Sander Kyle , Abel Anthony J. , Friedline Skyler , Sharpless William , Skerker Jeffrey , Deutschbauer Adam , Clark Douglas S. , Arkin Adam P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpecies of bacteria from the genus Cupriavidus are known, in part, for their ability to produce high amounts of poly‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) making them attractive candidates for bioplastic production. The native synthesis of PHB occurs during periods of metabolic stress, and the process regulating the initiation of PHB accumulation in these organisms is not fully understood. Screening an RB‐TnSeq transposon library of Cupriavidus basilensis 4G11 allowed us to identify two genes of an apparent, uncharacterized two‐component system, which when omitted from the genome enable increased PHB productivity in balanced, nonstress growth conditions. We observe average increases in PHB productivity of 56% and 41% relative to the wildtype parent strain upon deleting each gene individually from the genome. The increased PHB phenotype disappears, however, in nitrogen‐free unbalanced growth conditions suggesting the phenotype is specific to fast‐growing, replete, nonstress growth. Bioproduction modeling suggests this phenotype could be due to a decreased reliance on metabolic stress induced by nitrogen limitation to initiate PHB production in the mutant strains. Due to uncertainty in the two‐component system's input signal and regulon, the mechanism by which these genes impart this phenotype remains unclear. Such strains may allow for the use of single‐stage, continuous bioreactor systems, which are far simpler than many PHB bioproduction schemes used previously, given a similar product yield to batch systems in such a configuration. Bioproductivity modeling suggests that omitting this regulation in the cells may increase PHB productivity up to 24% relative to the wildtype organism when using single‐stage continuous systems. This work expands our understanding of the regulation of PHB accumulation in Cupriavidus, in particular the initiation of this process upon transition into unbalanced growth regimes.
Adult‐onset Still's disease complicated by macrophage activation syndrome
Authors: Awoyemi Toluwalase , Conti Alexandra , Aguilar Frank G. 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessageYoung patients with persistent rash and fevers despite antibiotic treatment should be evaluated for non‐infectious etiologies. In our patient's case, these findings led to a diagnosis of MAS, which ultimately affected how she was managed.AbstractAdult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare, often difficult to diagnose autoimmune disease that typically presents as a rash, unresolving fevers and joint pains capable of mimicking a number of autoimmune diseases. Here, we present the case of a young postpartum woman whose clinical presentation, which included a pruritic maculopapular rash that evolved to include a flagellate component, and serological studies, chief among them cytopenias and a Ferritin >15,000 nm/mL) allowed us to make an early diagnosis of AOSD complicated by macrophage activation syndrome. We discuss the treatment for AOSD complicated by MAS with Hydrocortisone and Anakinra, the final discharge regimen prescribed for our patient, and report on her state 3 months post‐hospitalization, which was favorable. Our case is unique because we ultimately believe that pregnancy itself triggered her ASOD, because of how the quality of the flagellate component of her rash allowed us to narrow the differential diagnosis, and because of how the significant cytopenias and significant liver dysfunction alerted us to the possibility of MAS.
Single‐atom Pt on carbon nanotubes for selective electrocatalysis
Authors: Hardisty Samuel S. , Lin Xiaoqian , Kucernak Anthony R. J. , Zitoun David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUtilizing supported single atoms as catalysts presents an opportunity to reduce the usage of critical raw materials such as platinum, which are essential for electrochemical reactions such as hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). Herein, we describe the synthesis of a Pt single electrocatalyst inside single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via a redox reaction. Characterizations via electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron microscopy, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy show the single‐atom nature of the Pt. The electrochemical behavior of the sample to hydrogen and oxygen was investigated using the advanced floating electrode technique, which minimizes mass transport limitations and gives a thorough insight into the activity of the electrocatalyst. The single‐atom samples showed higher HOR activity than state‐of‐the‐art 30% Pt/C while almost no oxygen reduction reaction activity in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating range. The selective activity toward HOR arose as the main fingerprint of the catalyst confinement in the SWCNTs.
Biologische Methanisierung als innovative Energiespeichertechnologie für den Einsatz auf Biogasanlagen
Authors: Manig Robert , Deutschmann Anne , Birkner Christoph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIm Rahmen des Verbundprojektes BioStore (SAB, FKZ: 100310024) wurde ein Verfahren zur biologischen Methanisierung in Blasensäulenreaktoren optimiert. Neben Einzelblasensäulen in verschiedenen Maßstäben wurde eine Kaskadenlösung vergleichend untersucht. Zielstellung war auf energieintensive Komponenten wie Rührwerke und Gasabtrennung weitestgehend zu verzichten. Das Gaseinbringsystem als entscheidendes leistungsbestimmendes Bauteil zur Maximierung von Umsatz und Methangehalt wurde optimiert. Im Ergebnis wurde ein Methangehalt von 96 Vol.‐% bei einer Methanbildungsrate von 2 L/(L · d) im kontinuierlichen Betrieb erreicht. Damit ist eine Voraussetzung für die Direkteinspeisung in das deutsche Erdgasnetz erfüllt.
Construction of Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Gene Carriers
Authors: Lin Dongfa , Yu Chenxi , Yang Lixinhao , Huang Shangyuan , Song Muyi , Liu Shuting , Guan Shuwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPeptide‐ and polypeptide‐based self‐assembling gene delivery systems have received considerable attention owing to their inherent biocompatibility and bioactivity. Gene carriers based on elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) have been extensively studied because of their controllability and unique temperature responsiveness. The (EK)10‐PLGLAG‐Tat polypeptide sequence was selected for tumor gene delivery, with ELP serving as the hydrophobic core. In this sequence, a hydration layer can be formed on the surface of the carrier using the zwitterionic peptide segment (EK)10, which helps prevent the nonspecific adsorption of plasma proteins. Additionally, the MMP‐2 enzyme‐responsive PLGLAG peptide segment is responsible for exposing the cell‐penetrating peptide Tat specifically near tumor cells, facilitating the penetration of tumor cells. To introduce (EK)10‐PLGLAG‐Tat into the self‐assembling carrier while ensuring its bioactivity, a leucine zipper ZR/ZE with opposite charges was used to link it to the ELP. Because of its high specificity and low systemic toxicity, the carrier was named environmentally responsive gene carrier (ERGV). Experimental results demonstrated that the ERGV effectively removed (EK)10 in MMP‐2 overexpressed environments, altering the surface charge from negative to positive and facilitating ssDNA delivery into tumor cells. These findings highlight the potential of ERGVs as a safe and efficient method for targeted gene delivery to tumors.
Towards a Correlation Between Iron/Cobalt Content, Support Pore Size and Metal Particle Size in Supported Catalysts
Authors: Battiston Lucas L. , Oliveira Kátia D. , Lião Luciano M. , Oliveira Gerlon A. R. , Kolicheski Mônica B. , Ávila‐Neto Cícero N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFe−Co‐based catalysts supported on γ‐Al2O3, Aerosil 200 silica and zeolite 4A were prepared by co‐precipitation of the respective nitrates in the presence of ammonium hydroxide. The objective was to demonstrate the influence of Fe/Co mass ratio and support pore size on metal particle size. Catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) microscopies. It was demonstrated that the minimal presence of Fe was enough to reduce the average particle diameters by half. Increasing Fe content did not cause proportional decreases in the average particle diameter. The support pore diameter probably played a role in the crystallization step of bimetallic and Fe monometallic catalysts, whose particle diameters were similar to those observed for the pores. This phenomenon was not observed for Co monometallic catalysts.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of the artificial intelligence diagnosis support system for early gastric cancers
Authors: Yonazu Shion , Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Nakanishi Tamiji , Ochiai Kentaro , Shibata Junichi , Osawa Hiroyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Kato Yusuke , Tajiri Hisao , Tada Tomohiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe introduction of artificial intelligence into the medical field has improved the diagnostic capabilities of physicians. However, few studies have analyzed the economic impact of employing artificial intelligence technologies in the clinical environment. This study evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of a computer‐assisted diagnosis (CADx) system designed to support clinicians in differentiating early gastric cancers from non‐cancerous lesions in Japan, where the universal health insurance system was introduced.MethodsThe target population to be used for the CADx was estimated as those with moderate to severe gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. Decision trees with Markov models were built to analyze the cumulative cost‐effectiveness of using CADx relative to the pre‐artificial intelligence status quo, a condition reconstructed from data in published reports. After conducting a base‐case analysis, we performed sensitivity analyses by modifying several parameters. The primary outcome was the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio.ResultsCompared with the status quo as represented in the base‐case analysis, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of CADx in the Japanese market was forecasted to be 11,093 USD per quality‐adjusted life year. The sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the expected incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were within the willingness‐to‐pay threshold of 50,000 USD per quality‐adjusted life year when the cost of the CAD was less than 104 USD.ConclusionsUsing CADx for EGCs may decrease their misdiagnosis, contributing to improved cost‐effectiveness in Japan.
A nitrifier‐enriched microbial community contributes to the degradation of environmental DNA
Authors: Beattie Rachelle E. , Helbing Caren C. , Imbery Jacob J. , Klymus Katy E. , Lopez Duran Jonathan , Richter Catherine A. , Thambirajah Anita A. , Thompson Nathan , Edwards Thea M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) surveys are a promising alternative to traditional monitoring of invasive species, rare species, and biodiversity. Detecting organism‐specific eDNA reduces the need to collect physical specimens for population estimates, and the high sensitivity of eDNA assays may improve detection of rare or cryptic species. However, correlating estimated concentrations of eDNA with species abundance can be difficult due to the many abiotic and biotic factors that influence eDNA persistence and degradation. Here, we assessed the impact of a nitrifier‐enriched microbial (NEM) community on the persistence and degradation of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) milt eDNA using experimental aquatic mesocosms and a quantitative PCR approach. The NEM community was cultured from combined sediment and water samples collected from a golf course pond in Columbia, Missouri (USA), and experiments were conducted in the dark at 22°C. We found that the NEM community transformed organic nitrogen from silver carp milt to measurable amounts of nitrate, both in the presence and absence of ammonia nitrogen. Additionally, regardless of ammonia availability, milt eDNA followed a one‐phase exponential decay pattern after an initial 24‐h plateau in the presence of the NEM community. However, milt eDNA had a shorter half‐life (12.5 h) in the absence of exogenous ammonia compared to when ammonia was present (15 h). In sterile mesocosms, eDNA was stable during the 72‐h experiment. Together, these results suggest that the presence of microorganisms is necessary for short‐term degradation of eDNA. Furthermore, nitrifying microbial communities, which are ubiquitous in most soil and water environments, could limit eDNA persistence in the environment. Understanding the contributions of environmental microbial communities will allow more confidence in sampling design and eDNA result interpretations for biodiversity management applications.