bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of different types of anemia on HbA1c levels in non-diabetics
Authors: Alzahrani Basil A. , Salamatullah Hassan K. , Alsharm Faisal S. , Baljoon Jamil M. , Abukhodair Abdullah O. , Ahmed Mohammed Eldigire , Malaikah Hebah , Radi Suhaib 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases worldwide with significant morbidity and mortality. HbA1c remains one of the most important methods for diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Since HbA1c is a reflection of the glucose attached to red blood cells, factors affecting hemoglobin and red blood cells’ half-life can influence HbA1c measurements.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the effect of different types of anemia including iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell anemia, β -thalassemia trait, and megaloblastic anemia on HbA1c levels in a tertiary hospital over the past 6 years (2016–2022).

Method
This is a retrospective chart review study of 324 patients including those with one of the four types of anemia mentioned above and a control group. The control group were healthy adults with normal HbA1c and hemoglobin, who were not known to have diabetes or anemia. Patients with diabetes or prediabetes based on self-reporting or elevated fasting, random blood sugar, or 2 hours post-prandial blood glucose were excluded.

Results
The mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher in sickle cell anemia at 5.83% (95% CI = 5.39–6.28) and in iron deficiency anemia at 5.75% (95% CI = 5.68–5.82) when compared to the control group at 5.32% (95% CI = 5.22–5.41). However, the mean HbA1c levels in megaloblastic anemia were 5.38% (95% CI = 5.26–5.5) and 5.45% (95% CI = 5.21–5.69) in beta thalassemia trait, which were not significantly different when compared to the control group. HbA1c significantly decreased from 5.75 to 5.44% after treatment in the iron-deficient group with a p-value of < 0.001. Moreover, lower hemoglobin and higher red cell distribution width correlated with higher HbA1c levels in patients with sickle cell anemia.

Conclusion
This study found a significant increase in HbA1c levels in iron deficiency anemia and sickle cell disease in patients not known to have diabetes. However, there was no significant effect in those patients with β-thalassemia trait and megaloblastic anemia. Treatment of iron deficiency anemia significantly decreased the HbA1c level, bringing it back to normal.
Copper ions inhibit Streptococcus mutans–Veillonella parvula dual biofilm by activating Streptococcus mutans reactive nitrogen species
Authors: Yun Zhang , Xianghong Liu , Qianhua Gao , Qin Du 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the inhibition mechanism of copper ions onStreptococcus mutans–Veillonella parvuladual biofilm.MethodsS. mutans–V. parvuladual biofilm was constructed and copper ions were added at different concentrations. After the biofilm was collected, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR were then performed to get gene information.ResultsThe coculture ofS. mutansandV. parvulaformed a significantly better dual biofilm of larger biomass thanS. mutansmono biofilm. And copper ions showed a more significant inhibitory effect onS. mutans–V. parvuladual biofilm than onS. mutansmono biofilm when copper ions concentration reached 100 µM, and copper ions showed a decreased inhibitory effect onS. gordonii–V. parvuladual biofilm andS. sanguis–V.parvuladual biofilm than on the two mono biofilms as the concentration of copper ions increased. And common trace elements such as iron, magnesium, and zinc showed no inhibitory effect difference onS. mutans–V. parvuladual biofilm. The RNA-seq results showed a significant difference in the expression of a new ABC transporterSMU_651c,SMU_652c,SMU_653c, andS. mutanscopper chaperonecopYAZ.SMU_651c,SMU_652c, andSMU_653cwere predicted to function as nitrite/nitrate transporter-related proteins, which suggested the specific inhibition of copper ions onS. mutans–V. parvuladual biofilm may be caused by the activation ofS. mutansreactive nitrogen species.ConclusionsStreptococcus mutansandVeillonella parvulaare symbiotic, forming a dual biofilm of larger biomass to better resist the external antibacterial substances, which may increase the virulence ofS. mutans. While common trace elements such as iron, magnesium, and zinc showed no specific inhibitory effect onS. mutans–V. parvuladual biofilm, copper ion had a unique inhibitory effect onS. mutans–V. parvuladual biofilm which may be caused by activatingS. mutansRNS when copper ions concentration reached 250 µM.
Clinical evaluation of marginal fit of uncemented CAD-CAM monolithic zirconia three-unit restorations in anterior areas, using scannable and conventional polyvinyl siloxane impression materials
Authors: Kalantari Mohammad Hassan , Abbasi Benika , Giti Rashin , Rastegar Zahra , Tavanafar Saeid , Shahsavari-pour Sheila 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The accuracy of impression techniques determines the marginal fit of fixed prostheses. Marginal accuracy plays a main role in the success and failure of treatments. This in-vivo study evaluated the marginal fit of anterior three-unit monolithic zirconia fixed partial dentures (FPDs) using conventional and scannable polyvinyl siloxane impression materials.

Methods
Ten patients were selected to replace the lateral teeth with a three-unit monolithic zirconia bridge. For each patient, in the first group, an impression was made with a two-step putty-wash technique using scannable polyvinyl siloxane material (BONASCAN; DMP, Greece). In the identical session, as the second group, an impression of conventional putty-wash polyvinyl siloxane was taken (BONASIL A+ Putty; DMP, Greece). The marginal discrepancy was measured through the replicas, which were cut perpendicularly within the buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. An Independent t-test was employed for data analyses (P < 0.05).

Results
The marginal discrepancy in a conventional method for central abutment in mid-buccal, mid-lingual, mid-mesial, and mid-distal was higher than in the scannable method but it was not significant (P > 0.05). Also, the marginal discrepancy for canine abutment in the conventional method was higher than in the scannable method, but it was not significant, either (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
FPDs fabricated from both scannable and conventional impression materials were not superior to each other in marginal fit for both central and canine abutments by evaluation using the replica technique.
Potent hepatoprotective activity of common rattan (Calamus rotang L.) leaf extract and its molecular mechanism
Authors: Anwar Walaa S. , Abdel-maksoud Fatma M. , Sayed Ahmed M. , Abdel-Rahman Iman A. M. , Makboul Makboul A. , Zaher Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCalamus rotangL. (CR) is an Indian shrub. The leaves and other organs of the plant are traditionally used in India for treatment of various diseases. The in vitro antioxidant property of the leaves extract was previously established. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of CR ethyl acetate extract at a dose of 350 mg/kg on CCl4induced hepatotoxic rats through different mechanisms.MethodsHistopathological examination of the treated rats’ group in comparison with positive and negative controls were performed. Quantitative measuring of the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF α), inflammatory regulators (Arginase, PPAR α) and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in comparison with positive and negative control groups was achieved using immunohistochemical examination. HPLC profiling of the polyphenol contents and molecular docking of the identified compounds against BH3 proapoptotic protein were correspondingly studied to evaluate the potential antiapoptotic property.ResultsThe CR extract greatly protects the liver tissue through the suppression of TNF α, arginase and PPAR α induced by CCl4as well as its enhancement of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Fourteen polyphenols of different classes were identified in CR extract and tested via molecular docking for their potential antiapoptotic activities against BH3 protein. Naringin, rutin, 7-hydroxy flavone, and ellagic acid compounds exhibit the highest affinity and potential inhibition of pro-apoptotic protein BH3 via molecular docking study.ConclusionsThe ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves ofC. rotangis rich in polyphenols that exhibited potent hepatoprotective effect on CCl4induced hepatotoxic rats through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-steatosis and antiapoptotic properties.
Objective structured clinical examination versus traditional written examinations: a prospective observational study
Authors: Lebdai Souhil , Bouvard Béatrice , Martin Ludovic , Annweiler Cédric , Lerolle Nicolas , Rineau Emmanuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecently, Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) became an official evaluation modality for 6-year medical students in France. Before, standard examination modalities were: written progressive clinical cases (PCC), written critical reading of scientific articles (CRA), and internship evaluation (IE). The aim of this study was to assess the performances of 6-year medical students in their final faculty tests by comparing OSCE-exams with standard examination modalities.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study. We included all 6-year medical students in our university from 2020 to 2021. The endpoints were the scores obtained at the following final faculty tests during the 6thyear of medical studies: OSCE-training, OSCE-exams, written PCC, written CRA, and IE. All scores were compared in a paired-analysis.ResultsA total of 400 students were included in the study. No student was excluded in the final analysis. The mean scores obtained at the OSCE-exams were significantly different from those obtained at OSCE-training, PCC, CRA, and IE (12.6 ± 1.7, 11.7 ± 1.7, 13.4 ± 1.4, 13.2 ± 1.5, 14.7 ± 0.9, respectively;p < 0.001). OSCE-exams scores were moderately and significantly correlated with OSCE-training and PCC (Spearman rho coefficient = 0.4,p < 0.001); OSCE examination scores were lowly but significantly correlated with CRA and IE (Spearman rho coefficient = 0.3,p < 0.001). OSCE-scores significantly increased after an OSCE training session.ConclusionIn our faculty, 6-year medical students obtained lower scores at OSCE exams compared to other standard evaluation modalities. The correlation was weak to moderate but significant. These results suggest that OSCE are not redundant with the other evaluation modalities. Interestingly, a single OSCE training session led to an improvement in OSCE scores underlining the importance of a specific training.
Chronic stress in solid tumor development: from mechanisms to interventions
Authors: Yan Jiajing , Chen Yibing , Luo Minhua , Hu Xinyu , Li Hongsheng , Liu Quentin , Zou Zhengzhi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChronic stress results in disturbances of body hormones through the neuroendocrine system. Cancer patients often experience recurrent anxiety and restlessness during disease progression and treatment, which aggravates disease progression and hinders treatment effects. Recent studies have shown that chronic stress-regulated neuroendocrine systems secret hormones to activate many signaling pathways related to tumor development in tumor cells. The activated neuroendocrine system acts not only on tumor cells but also modulates the survival and metabolic changes of surrounding non-cancerous cells. Current clinical evidences also suggest that chronic stress affects the outcome of cancer treatment. However, in clinic, there is lack of effective treatment for chronic stress in cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the main mechanisms by which chronic stress regulates the tumor microenvironment, including functional regulation of tumor cells by stress hormones (stem cell-like properties, metastasis, angiogenesis, DNA damage accumulation, and apoptotic resistance), metabolic reprogramming and immune escape, and peritumor neuromodulation. Based on the current clinical treatment framework for cancer and chronic stress, we also summarize pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches to provide some directions for cancer therapy.
Health and healthcare equity within the Canadian cancer care sector: a rapid scoping review
Authors: Lambert Leah K. , Horrill Tara C. , Beck Scott M. , Bourgeois Amber , Browne Annette J. , Cheng Shannon , Howard A. Fuchsia , Kaur Jagbir , McKenzie Michael , Stajduhar Kelli I. , Thorne Sally 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite a publicly-funded healthcare system, alarming cancer-related health and healthcare inequities persist in Canada. However, it remains unclear how equity is being understood and taken up within the Canadian cancer context. Our objective was to identify how health and healthcare equity are being discussed as goals or aims within the cancer care sector in Canada.

Methods
A rapid scoping review was conducted; five biomedical databases, 30 multidisciplinary websites, and Google were searched. We included English-language documents published between 2008 and 2021 that discussed health or healthcare equity in the Canadian cancer context.

Results
Of 3860 identified documents, 83 were included for full-text analysis. The prevalence of published and grey equity-oriented literature has increased over time (2008-2014 [n = 20]; 2015-2021 [n = 62]). Only 25% of documents (n = 21) included a definition of health equity. Concepts such as inequity, inequality and disparity were frequently used interchangeably, resulting in conceptual muddling. Only 43% of documents (n = 36) included an explicit health equity goal. Although a suite of actions were described across the cancer control continuum to address equity goals, most were framed as recommendations rather than direct interventions.

Conclusion
Health and healthcare equity is a growing priority in the cancer care sector; however, conceptual clarity is needed to guide the development of robust equity goals, and the development of sustainable, measurable actions that redress inequities across the cancer control continuum. If we are to advance health and healthcare equity in the cancer care sector, a coordinated and integrated approach will be required to enact transformative and meaningful change.
A case report of Indium lung with progressive emphysema and fibrosis underwent lung unilateral transplantation 20 years after the end of the exposure
Authors: Inoue Chihiro , Ohkouchi Shinya , Chonan Tatsuya , Amata Atsuko , Hirama Takashi , Saito-Koyama Ryoko , Kawabata Yoshinori , Suzuki Takashi , Okada Yoshinori , Tanaka Akiyo , Kurosawa Hajime 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Indium lung is characterized by interstitial pneumonia and/or emphysema which occurs in indium-tin oxide (ITO) workers. Indium lung is now known to progress after stopping exposure to ITO, but the long-term influences of ITO remain unclear.

Case presentation
Forty seven years old, a never-smoker, who had been engaged in an ITO manufacturing process for 8 years. Emphysema was indicated by the medical check-up for ex-ITO workers, and he was diagnosed with indium lung. He underwent partial lung resections for pneumothorax two times, and obstructive pulmonary dysfunction had progressed through the years. He underwent right single lung transplant 20 years after ITO exposure. Pathologically, his lung showed severe distal acinar emphysema and honeycomb change. Fibrosis and destruction of the lung tissue significantly progressed compared to the previous partial resections. Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed that the deposited particles contained indium and tin. After the transplantation, his respiratory function was improved.

Conclusions
In this case, ITO resided in the lung tissue for 20 years, and lung tissue destruction kept progressing. Careful medical follow-up is recommended for ITO-workers even if they are asymptomatic.
YOLO POD: a fast and accurate multi-task model for dense Soybean Pod counting
Authors: Xiang Shuai , Wang Siyu , Xu Mei , Wang Wenyan , Liu Weiguo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The number of soybean pods is one of the most important indicators of soybean yield, pod counting is crucial for yield estimation, cultivation management, and variety breeding. Counting pods manually is slow and laborious. For crop counting, using object detection network is a common practice, but the scattered and overlapped pods make the detection and counting of the pods difficult.

Results
We propose an approach that we named YOLO POD, based on the YOLO X framework. On top of YOLO X, we added a block for predicting the number of pods, modified the loss function, thus constructing a multi-task model, and introduced the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM). We achieve accurate identification and counting of pods without reducing the speed of inference. The results showed that the R2 between the number predicted by YOLO POD and the ground truth reached 0.967, which is improved by 0.049 compared to YOLO X, while the inference time only increased by 0.08 s. Moreover, MAE, MAPE, RMSE are only 4.18, 10.0%, 6.48 respectively, the deviation is very small.

Conclusions
We have achieved the first accurate counting of soybean pods and proposed a new solution for the detection and counting of dense objects.
Germline heterozygous exons 8–11 pathogenic BARD1 gene deletion reported for the first time in a family with suspicion of a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome: more than an incidental finding?
Authors: Carrera Sergio , Rodríguez-Martínez Ana Belén , Garin Intza , Sarasola Esther , Martínez Cristina , Maortua Hiart , Callejo Almudena , Ruiz de Lobera Abigail , Muñoz Alberto , Miñambres Nagore , Jiménez-Labaig Pablo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent disease in developed countries. Inherited Mendelian causes account for approximately 5% of CRC cases, with Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis being the most prevalent forms. Scientific efforts are focused on the discovery of new candidate genes associated with CRC and new associations of phenotypes with well-established cancer-related genes. BRCA1-associated ring domain (BARD1) gene deleterious germline variants are associated with a moderate increase in the relative risk of breast cancer, but their association with other neoplasms, such as CRC, remains unclear.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 49-year-old male diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma whose maternal family fulfilled Amsterdam clinical criteria for Lynch syndrome. Genetic test confirmed the presence in heterozygosis of a germline pathogenic deletion of exons 8–11 in BARD1 gene. The predictive genetic study of the family revealed the presence of this pathogenic variant in his deceased cancer affected relatives, confirming co-segregation of the deletion with the disease.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published work in which this BARD1 deletion is detected in a family with familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) syndrome, in which the clinical criteria for Lynch syndrome without alteration of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system are fulfilled. Whether this incidental germline finding is the cause of familial colorectal aggregation remains to be elucidated in scientific forums. Patients should be carefully assessed in specific cancer genetic counseling units to account for hypothetical casual findings in other genes, in principle unrelated to the initial clinical suspicion, but with potential impact on their health.
Efficacy and safety of the novel GlyT1 inhibitor BI 425809 in Alzheimer’s dementia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wunderlich Glen , Blahova Zuzana , Garcia Miguel , Jessen Frank 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
This phase II proof-of-concept study assessed the efficacy and safety of BI 425809, a novel selective glycine transporter-1 inhibitor, for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with probable Alzheimer’s disease dementia.

Methods
This 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study randomized (1:1:1:1:1) patients with mild-to-moderate probable Alzheimer’s disease dementia to BI 425809 2, 5, 10, and 25 mg or placebo once daily. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline in Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale 11-item total score after 12 weeks of treatment. Safety was also assessed.

Results
Six hundred and ten male and female patients were randomized to BI 425809 2 mg (n = 123), 5 mg (n = 122), 10 mg (n = 122), and 25 mg (n = 123) or placebo (n = 120). Approximately 47% (n = 286) were male; the mean (standard deviation) age was 72.9 (7.7) years. Treatment compliance was above 97% for all dose groups. The Mini-Mental State Examination category on the median score was < 22 in 47% (n = 287) of patients and ≥ 22 in 53% (n = 322) of patients. No significant, non-flat dose–response relationship was detected for the primary endpoint (adjusted p-value > 0.76 for all models). BI 425809 was generally well-tolerated. Overall, 47.9% (n = 292) of patients reported at least one adverse event during the trial; the frequency of patients with investigator-defined drug-related adverse events was similar in all treatment groups, ranging from 15.4 to 19.5% across the BI 425809 treatment groups and 15.8% for placebo.

Conclusions
No clinically meaningful changes from baseline were observed following treatment with BI 425809 in patients with mild-to-moderate probable Alzheimer’s disease dementia.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02788513 (1346-0023). Registered on June 2, 2016. EU Clinical Trials Register 2015-005438-24. Registered on May 6, 2016
Identifying clinically useful biomarkers in neurodegenerative disease through a collaborative approach: the NeuroToolKit
Authors: Johnson Sterling C. , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Suridjan Ivonne , Minguillón Carolina , Gispert Juan Domingo , Jonaitis Erin , Michna Agata , Carboni Margherita , Bittner Tobias , Rabe Christina , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease, which requires reliable biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring disease activity. Preanalytical protocol and technical variability associated with biomarker immunoassays makes comparability of biomarker data across multiple cohorts difficult. This study aimed to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker results across independent cohorts, including participants spanning the AD continuum.

Methods
Measured on the NeuroToolKit (NTK) prototype panel of immunoassays, 12 CSF biomarkers were evaluated from three cohorts (ALFA+, Wisconsin, and Abby/Blaze). A correction factor was applied to biomarkers found to be affected by preanalytical procedures (amyloid-β1–42, amyloid-β1–40, and alpha-synuclein), and results between cohorts for each disease stage were compared. The relationship between CSF biomarker concentration and cognitive scores was evaluated.

Results
Biomarker distributions were comparable across cohorts following correction. Correlations of biomarker values were consistent across cohorts, regardless of disease stage. Disease stage differentiation was highest for neurofilament light (NfL), phosphorylated tau, and total tau, regardless of the cohort. Correlation between biomarker concentration and cognitive scores was comparable across cohorts, and strongest for NfL, chitinase-3-like protein-1 (YKL40), and glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Discussion
The precision of the NTK enables merging of biomarker datasets, after correction for preanalytical confounders. Assessment of multiple cohorts is crucial to increase power in future studies into AD pathogenesis.