bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Antigen‐Specific T and B Cells for Monitoring Immune Protection Against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: De Biasi Sara , Paolini Annamaria , Lo Tartaro Domenico , Gibellini Lara , Cossarizza Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImmunological memory is the basis of protection against most pathogens. Long‐living memory T and B cells able to respond to specific stimuli, as well as persistent antibodies in plasma and in other body fluids, are crucial for determining the efficacy of vaccination and for protecting from a second infection by a previously encountered pathogen. Antigen‐specific cells are represented at a very low frequency in the blood, and indeed, they can be considered “rare events” present in the memory T‐cell pool. Therefore, such events should be analyzed with careful attention. In the last 20 years, different methods, mostly based upon flow cytometry, have been developed to identify such rare antigen‐specific cells, and the COVID‐19 pandemic has given a dramatic impetus to characterize the immune response against the virus. In this regard, we know that the identification, enumeration, and characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T and B cells following infection and/or vaccination require i) the use of specific peptides and adequate co‐stimuli, ii) the use of appropriate inhibitors to avoid nonspecific activation, iii) the setting of appropriate timing for stimulation, and iv) the choice of adequate markers and reagents to identify antigen‐specific cells. Optimization of these procedures allows not only determination of the magnitude of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific responses but also a comparison of the effects of different combinations of vaccines or determination of the response provided by so‐called “hybrid immunity,” resulting from a combination of natural immunity and vaccine‐generated immunity. Here, we present two methods that are largely used to monitor the response magnitude and phenotype of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T and B cells by polychromatic flow cytometry, along with some tips that can be useful for the quantification of these rare events. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Identification of antigen‐specific T cellsBasic Protocol 2: Identification of antigen‐specific B cells
Efficacy of omecamtiv mecarbil in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction according to N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide level: insights from the GALACTIC‐HF trial
Authors: Docherty Kieran F. , McMurray John J.V. , Claggett Brian L. , Miao Zi Michael , Adams Kirkwood F. , Arias‐Mendoza Alexandra , Cleland John G.F. , Diaz Rafael , Echeverria Correa Luis E , Felker G. Michael , Fonseca Candida , Li Jing , Metra Marco , Sliwa‐Hahnle Karen , Solomon Scott D. , Vandekerckhove Hans J. , Vinereanu Dragos , Voors Adriaan A. , Heitner Stephen B. , Kupfer Stuart , Malik Fady I. , Meng Lisa , Teerlink John R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimN‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) is predictive of both outcomes and response to treatment in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil according to baseline NT‐proBNP level in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure trial (GALACTIC‐HF).Methods and resultsThe primary outcome was the composite of a worsening heart failure event (urgent clinic visit, emergency department visit, or hospitalization) or cardiovascular death. We prespecified analysis of the effect of treatment according to baseline NT‐proBNP (≤ median, > median), excluding individuals with atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL). Of the 8232 patients analysed, 8206 had an available baseline NT‐proBNP measurement. Among the 5971 patients not in AF/AFL, the median (Q1–Q3) NT‐proBNP level was 1675 (812–3579) pg/ml. Hazard ratios (HR) for the effect of omecamtiv mecarbil, compared with placebo, for the primary endpoint in patients without AF/AFL were: ≤ median 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–1.09), > median 0.81 (0.73–0.90) (p‐interaction = 0.095); for the overall population (including patients with AF/AFL) the HRs were ≤ median 1.01 (0.90–1.15) and > median 0.88 (0.80–0.96) (p‐interaction = 0.035). There was an interaction between treatment and NT‐proBNP, examined as a continuous variable, with greater effect of omecamtiv mecarbil on the primary outcome in patients with a higher baseline NT‐proBNP (p‐interaction = 0.086).ConclusionsIn GALACTIC‐HF, the benefit of omecamtiv mecarbil appeared to be larger in patients with higher baseline NT‐proBNP levels, especially in patients without AF/AFL.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02929329; EudraCT number, 2016‐002299‐28.
Mobile SARS‑CoV‑2 screening facilities for rapid deployment and university‐based diagnostic laboratory
Authors: Stanislawski Nils , Lange Ferdinand , Fahnemann Christian , Riggers Christoph , Wahalla Marc‐Nils , Porr Marc , Cholewa Fabian , Jonczyk Rebecca , Thoms Stefanie , Witt Martin , Stahl Frank , Beutel Sascha , Winkel Andreas , Pott Philipp‐Cornelius , Stiesch Meike , Paulsen Mira , Melk Anette , Lucas Henning , Heiden Stefanie , Blume Holger , Blume Cornelia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic has created a public crisis. Many medical and public institutions and businesses went into isolation in response to the pandemic. Because SARS‐CoV‐2 can spread irrespective of a patient's course of disease, these institutions’ continued operation or reopening based on the assessment and control of virus spread can be supported by targeted population screening. For this purpose, virus testing in the form of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and antibody detection in blood can be central. Mobile SARS‐CoV‐2 screening facilities with a built‐in biosafety level (BSL)‐2 laboratory were set up to allow the testing offer to be brought close to the subject group's workplace. University staff members, their expertise, and already available equipment were used to implement and operate the screening facilities and a certified diagnostic laboratory. This operation also included specimen collection, transport, PCR and antibody analysis, and informing subjects as well as public health departments. Screening facilities were established at different locations such as educational institutions, nursing homes, and companies providing critical supply chains for health care. Less than 4 weeks after the first imposed lockdown in Germany, a first mobile testing station was established featuring a build‐in laboratory with two similar stations commencing operation until June 2020. During the 15‐month project period, approximately 33,000 PCR tests and close to 7000 antibody detection tests were collected and analyzed. The presented approach describes the required procedures that enabled the screening facilities and laboratories to collect and process several hundred specimens each day under difficult conditions. This report can assist others in establishing similar setups for pandemic scenarios.
Hosting capacity in distribution grids: A review of definitions, performance indices, determination methodologies, and enhancement techniques
Authors: Qamar Naveed , Arshad Ammar , Mahmoud Karar , Lehtonen Matti 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor the past few years, the world has seen a great shift toward renewable energy resources from conventional ones. But the ever‐increasing integration of distributed generation (DG) to the electrical network leads to integration limiting constraints like overvoltage, under voltage, harmonics, equipment ampacity violations, and failure of protection schemes. Therefore, an extensive investigation of the methodologies in which DGs can be incorporated into the electrical network is presented in this manuscript. This article provides an extensive review of all the hosting capacity (HC) terms, references, limiting constraints of the studied networks, geographical segregation, and their determination methodologies. Moreover, the factors defining the HCs of various networks and the architectures employed to increase them, are also explained briefly in the conducted review study.
Feeling More Black in Portland: Diversity and the Enregisterment of Livability
Authors: Cameron‐Domínguez Kim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between diversity and urban livability in Portland, Oregon, as ideological and pragmatic projects. I argue that diversity enregisters the city as livable, because the progressive ideals that diversity puts forth index one of many innovative approaches that Portland has taken to resolve the challenges of urban life. Black professional women are both rhetors and subjects of this enregisterment process. They are routinely called on to make public arguments about diversity. However, I show that diversity work just as routinely creates situations where the communicable power of whiteness in the city is both evident and maintained. Women describe navigating this dynamic as “feeling more Black in Portland” than anywhere else they have lived. I contend that this feeling of racialized affect is engendered by diversity's subordination to livability—a structural relation that indexes both the neoliberal underpinnings of local belonging and how narrowly the space is constructed to include Blackness and womanhood.
The effect of a low versus high sodium diet on blood pressure in diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Gholizadeh‐Moghaddam Mahsa , Shahdadian Farnaz , Shirani Fatemeh , Hadi Amir , Clark Cain C. T. , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere have been numerous clinical trials that have investigated the effect of sodium intake on blood pressure in diabetic patients. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the clinical trial studies performed on the effect of low sodium diet (LSD) versus high sodium diet (HSD) on blood pressure in diabetic patients. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from database inception to July 10, 2021. Both type 1 and 2 diabetes was considered. Overall, there were 15 studies included in this meta‐analysis. The weighted (WMD) mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a random‐effects model. Risk of bias in the studies was assessed based on the Cochrane collaboration tool and the quality of all the studies was considered as good. Overall, LSD significantly reduced SBP (systolic blood pressure) (WMD: −3.79 mmHg, 95% CI: −6.02, −1.56) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) (WMD: −1.62 mmHg, 95% CI: −2.84, −0.40), in comparison with HSD, in diabetics. However, LSD had no significant effect on MAP (mean arterial pressure) in comparison with HSD (WMD: −1.81, 95%CI: −5.49, 1.87). Although subgroup analysis could not attenuate heterogeneity in SBP, subgroup analysis in DBP based on duration (≤1 week: WMD: −2.35, 95%CI: −3.69, −1.00, I2 = 48.9%, p = 0.081, >1 week: WMD: −1.04, 95% CI: −2.83, 0.76, I2 = 74.7%, p = 0.003) and study design (cross‐over: WMD: −1.94, 95% CI: −2.71, −1.17, I2 = 32.1%, p = 0.183, parallel: WMD: −2.17, 95% CI: −6.48, 2.13, I2 = 82.4%, p = 0.001) successfully detected sources of heterogeneity. LSD significantly reduced SBP and DBP, however, had no effect on MAP, in comparison with HSD.
Genesis of a functional astrocyte syncytium in the developing mouse hippocampus
Authors: Zhong Shiying , Kiyoshi Conrad M. , Du Yixing , Wang Wei , Luo Yumeng , Wu Xiao , Taylor Anne T. , Ma Baofeng , Aten Sydney , Liu Xueyuan , Zhou Min 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAstrocytes are increasingly shown to operate as an isopotential syncytium in brain function. Protoplasmic astrocytes acquire this ability to functionally go beyond the single‐cell level by evolving into a spongiform morphology, cytoplasmically connecting into a syncytium, and expressing a high density of K+ conductance. However, none of these cellular/functional features exist in neonatal newborn astrocytes, which imposes a basic question of when a functional syncytium evolves in the developing brain. Our results show that the spongiform morphology of individual astrocytes and their spatial organization all reach stationary levels by postnatal day (P) 15 in the hippocampal CA1 region. Functionally, astrocytes begin to uniformly express a mature level of passive K+ conductance by P11. We next used syncytial isopotentiality measurement to monitor the maturation of the astrocyte syncytium. In uncoupled P1 astrocytes, the substitution of endogenous K+ by a Na+‐electrode solution ([Na+]p) resulted in the total elimination of the physiological membrane potential (VM), and outward K+ conductance as predicted by the Goldman‐Hodgkin‐Katz (GHK) equation. As more astrocytes are coupled to each other through gap junctions during development, the [Na+]p‐induced loss of physiological VM and the outward K+ conductance is progressively compensated by the neighboring astrocytes. By P15, a stably established syncytial isopotentiality (−73 mV), and a fully compensated outward K+ conductance appeared in all [Na+]p‐recorded astrocytes. Thus, in view of the developmental timeframe wherein a singular syncytium is anatomically and functionally established for intra‐syncytium K+ equilibration, an astrocyte syncytium becomes fully operational at P15 in the mouse hippocampus.
The potential role of telemedicine in the infectious disease pandemic with an emphasis on COVID‐19: A narrative review
Authors: Shokri Fazlollah , Bahrainian Sara , Tajik Fatemeh , Rezvani Elaheh , Shariati Aref , nourigheimasi Shima , Shahrebabaki Elahe Saberi , Ebrahimi Maryam , Shamoon Farhan , Heidary Mohsen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDue of its low cost, rapid speed, data record, and vast communication coverage, information and communication technology might be useful for health‐related fields in times of crisis. By providing medical or hygienic services to a patient who lives elsewhere using communication methods like email, fax, cellphones, applications, and wireless gadgets, telemedicine can aid in the better management of diseases. Reviewing the potential role of telemedicine in the pandemic of infectious diseases with a focus on the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic was the main goal of this study.Methods“Google Scholar,” “PubMed,” “Science Direct,” and “Scopus” databases were searched to collect the papers that identify the advantages and disadvantages of telemedicine in the disease pandemic. Searched keywords include: telepharmacy, telemedicine, remote communication, pandemic(s), epidemic, distant care, distant communication, phone consulation, video conference communication and patient education.ResultsInformation and communication technology are crucial, especially when dealing with pandemics of infectious diseases like COVID‐19. Less “in‐person” patient visits to hospitals as a result of telemedicine eventually means less labor for the medical staff, less viral exposure for patients, and ultimately less disease spread. By establishing a bidirectional reciprocal relationship between patients and healthcare providers although they are in separate geographical areas, it can improve patient health status.ConclusionGovernments are currently facing a significant budgetary burden because to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Since patients are not sent to medical facilities in person, which could be a source of infection, telemedicine reduces disease spread while saving money.
Assessment of climate change impact on maximum precipitation in Spain
Authors: Requena Ana I. , Jiménez‐Álvarez Antonio , García Celia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe potential effect of climate change on maximum precipitation is studied by considering several temporal intervals for its incorporation into flood risk management in Spain. The methodology used allows for a complete assessment of the effect of climate change on maximum precipitation by accounting for uncertainty, and may be applied to other case studies. Behaviour regarding observations, trends and changes in climate model maximum precipitation series are evaluated. In turn, multi‐model mean (and percentile) relative changes accounting for statistical significance, torrential rate changes, and relative changes in daily annual maximum precipitation accumulated along river network are estimated. Results show a large variability in climate model outcomes. In general, a suitable behaviour is found for the climate model ensemble regarding observations: it properly represents seasonality of daily annual maximum precipitation for all regions, and observation‐based statistics are found to be within range of simulation‐based statistics for most regions. As an exception, daily annual maximum precipitation is underestimated in Mediterranean regions, which may be attributed to known limitations of current climate models in adequately reproducing convective precipitation typical of those areas. Results also show an intensifying increase in trends and changes as precipitation duration decreases, a torrentiality rise, and relative changes related to accumulated maximum precipitation of up to 35%. These findings support the notion that the effect of climate change may be stronger for extreme precipitation associated with short precipitation durations. This may be attributed to a stronger scaling between change in extreme precipitation and mean surface temperature increase for shorter durations. The findings also highlight the importance of analysing statistical significance of relative changes in quantile for allowing its attribution to climate change. Statistical model choice is found to be essential for identifying significant changes.
Warmer and drier ecosystems select for smaller bacterial genomes in global soils
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Zhang Haiyang , Powell Jeff , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Wang Juntao , Singh Brajesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBacterial genome size reflects bacterial evolutionary processes and metabolic lifestyles, with implications for microbial community assembly and ecosystem functions. However, to understand the extent of genome‐mediated microbial responses to environmental selections, we require studies that observe genome size distributions along environmental gradients representing different conditions that soil bacteria normally encounter. In this study, we used surface soils collected from 237 sites across the globe and analyzed how environmental conditions (e.g., soil carbon and nutrients, aridity, pH, and temperature) affect soil bacterial occurrences and genome size at the community level using bacterial community profiling. We used a joint species distribution model to quantify the effects of environments on species occurrences and found that aridity was a major regulator of genome size with warmer and drier environments selecting bacteria with smaller genomes. Drought‐induced physiological constraints on bacterial growth (e.g., water scarcity for cell metabolisms) may have led to these correlations. This finding suggests that increasing cover by warmer and drier ecosystems may result in bacterial genome simplifications by a reduction of genome size.
Capturing 2D van der Waals magnets with high probability for experimental demonstration from materials science literature
Authors: Song Haiyang , Zhao Yinghe , Turner Eleanor , Wu Yu , Li Yuan , Wu Menghao , Feng Guang , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: January 2023

Abstract2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets have opened intriguing prospects for next‐generation spintronic nanodevices. Machine learning techniques and density functional theory calculations enable the discovery of 2D vdW magnets to be accelerated; however, current computational frameworks based on these state‐of‐the‐art approaches cannot offer probability analysis on whether a 2D vdW magnet can be experimentally demonstrated. Herein, a new framework can be established to overcome this challenge. Via the framework, 2D vdW magnets with high probability for experimental demonstration are captured from materials science literature. The key to the successful establishment is the introduction of the theory of mutual information. Historical validation of predictions substantiates the high reliability of the framework. For example, half of the 30 2D vdW magnets discovered in the literature published prior to 2017 have been experimentally demonstrated in the subsequent years. This framework has the potential to become a revolutionary force for progressing experimental discovery of 2D vdW magnets.image
Co‐initiators of polymerization can modulate the inflammatory cytokine release without major cytotoxic effects in human dental pulp cells
Authors: Agostinelli Bárbara Gabriela , Andia Denise Carleto , Lima Adriano F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the cytotoxicity of co‐initiators of polymerization and its influence on cytokine release from human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Cells were isolated from the dental pulp of sound human third molars. The co‐initiators dimethylaminoethyl amine benzoate—(EDAB), 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA); 2‐Ethylhexyl 4‐(dimethylamino)benzoate (EHA) and bis(4‐methyl phenyl)iodonium hexafluorophosphate (BPI) were diluted in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at different concentrations. In this way, experimental groups and one control (without treatment) were obtained. hDPCs (10 × 104 cell per well) were seeded on 96 well plates and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 48 h. After this, the cells were exposed to different concentrations of co‐initiators cited for 24 h. After this time, the culture medium was removed, and the mitochondrial metabolism was evaluated by MTT assay, cell death by flow cytometry, and cytokine released (IL‐1β, IL6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and TNF‐α) was analyzed by MAGPIX assay. The data were analyzed by ANOVA one‐way and Tukey's test. EHA, DMAEMA, and EDAB did not reduce the mitochondrial metabolism. BPI presented high toxicity with remarkable reduction (80%) after exposure to 1 mM. The cell death of all test groups was similar to control. After 24 h treatment, the IL‐8 was up‐regulated by all compounds, while IL‐6 was upregulated after exposure to EHA and downregulated after DMAEMA stimulation. BPI, EHA, EDAB, and DMAEMA can trigger an initial inflammatory response, upregulating the IL‐8 secretion in hDPCs in a compound‐concentration‐dependent manner; however, this was not accompanied by major cytotoxic effects at cell death or mitochondrial‐metabolism levels.
Facile synthesis of zirconia supported nanomaterials for efficient photocatalytic applications
Authors: Khan Khushbakhat , Saeed Muhammad , Awad Sameer A. , Khan Muhammad Younas , Khalaf Eman M. , Zaman Muhammad Saleh , Aiman Vaneeza , Irshad Tasmia , Ahsan Hadia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe recent study enlightens the synthesis and characterization of zirconia (ZrO2), Fe‐doped ZrO2 (Fe@ZrO2), and Ni‐doped ZrO2 (Ni@ZrO2) catalysts having new‐fangled morphology with tuned band gap as photocatalysts for degradation of textile wastewater dyes methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and their mixtures. SEM imaging of Fe@ZrO2 and Ni@ZrO2 is interestingly varied from ZrO2 as well as doping of transition metals greatly affects the morphology of composites. The optimization study depicts that the pH, time (min) and catalyst amount (g) have a direct relation with degradation efficiency, while the dye concentration (mg/L) has an indirect relation as well. The photocatalytic studies depict that the degradation of MB and MG follows oxidation pathway via hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and holes. Reusability of catalysts corresponds to a little decrease in degradation efficiency in the first two cycles and decreases to about ∼10% (Ni@ZrO2) and ∼12% (Fe@ZrO2) in next three cycles.