bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal association of the brain structure with the susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity of COVID‐19: A large‐scale genetic correlation study
Authors: Fan Zhihua , Ruan Zhe , Liu Zhi , Guo Bin , Wang Chao , Fan Xuegong , Chen Lizhang , Zhao Shushan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBrain structure is related to its ability to resist external pathogens. Furthermore, there are several abnormal anatomical brain events and central system symptoms associated with COVID‐19. This study, which was conducted based on genetic variables, aimed to identify the causal association between brain structure and COVID‐19 phenotypes. We performed a two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis using genetic variables obtained from large genome‐wide association studies as instruments to identify the potential causal effects of various brain imaging‐derived phenotypes (BIDPs) traits on susceptibility, hospitalisation, and severity of COVID‐19. We explored the genetic correlations of 1325 BIDPs with the susceptibility, hospitalisation, and severity of COVID‐19 using Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression. We observed a causal relationship between increased cortical thickness of the left inferior temporal area and an increased risk of increased COVID‐19 infection (p = 4.29 × 10‐4) and hospitalisation (p = 3.67 × 10‐3). Moreover, the larger total surface area of the whole brain was negatively correlated with the risk of hospitalisation for COVID‐19. Furthermore, there was a significant causal association between increased cerebrospinal fluid volume and decreased severity of COVID‐19 (p = 3.74 × 10‐3). In a conclusion, we provide new insights into the causal association between BIDPs and COVID‐19 phenotypes, which may help elucidate the aetiology of COVID‐19.
Coxsackievirus B: The important agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Chen Junwei , Zhang Ming , Guo Wei , Feng Changzeng , Liu Jiansheng , Xu Lilan , Gao Na , Ma Shaohui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common pediatric infectious illness caused by enteroviruses (EVs). EV‐A serotypes are the main pathogens associated with HFMD. In this study, 213 stool samples from 213 children with severe HFMD in Yunnan, China in 2013, 2015, and 2016 were further analyzed retrospectively for EV‐B infection. A total of 70.0% of the specimens tested positive for EV.20 EV serotypes were detected. The predominant serotype was enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71, 27.7%), followed by coxsackievirus B4 (CV‐B4, 16.4%), CV‐A16 (9.9%), CV‐B5 (6.6%), and Echovirus 9 (E‐9,4.7%). EV‐A and EV‐B accounted for 45.1% and 41.3%, respectively. Among the positive specimens, 28.6% were CV‐Bs. Co‐infection was present in 19.3% of these cases. In the study, CV‐B5 and the majority of CV‐B4 isolates belonged to genotypes VI and C3, respectively. This result indicates that EV‐B, especially CV‐Bs, might be the important agents associated with HFMD and this knowledge will contribute to the prevention and treatment of the disease.
Tan IIA mitigates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration induced by ox‐LDL through the miR‐137/TRPC3 axis
Authors: Li Wei , Gao Zhi , Guan Qing‐Long 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) has an important role in treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. The vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are a major part of the atherosclerotic plaque. However, the biological functions of Tan IIA in regulating VSMCs function remain mostly unclear. This research aimed at identifying the explicit molecular mechanism that Tan IIA regulates oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐mediated VSMC proliferation and migration. VSMCs challenged by ox‐LDL were adopted as cellular model of atherosclerosis, and suffered from Tan IIA treatment. After that, cells proliferation, apoptosis or migration were measured. The expression levels of microRNA (miR)‐137, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3 (TRPC3) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were measured. The targeting relationship between miR‐137 and TRPC3 was determined. It was found that Tan IIA blunted VSMC proliferation, PCNA expression and migration mediated by ox‐LDL. Tan IIA promoted miR‐137 level, and miR‐137 knockdown reversed the influences of Tan IIA on VSMC proliferation, PCNA expression and migration in the presence of ox‐LDL. TRPC3 was verified to be targeted by miR‐137. Moreover, TRPC3 silencing exacerbated the influences of Tan IIA on VSMC proliferation, apoptosis and migration, and it mitigated the inhibitive effects of miR‐137 knockdown on function of Tan IIA. We confirmed for the first time that Tan IIA constrained ox‐LDL‐stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration via regulating the miR‐137/TRPC3 axis, which provided a theoretical basis for the research and promotion of Tan IIA as a therapeutic drug.
Actinomyces: An Under Appreciated Cause of Postoperative Infection in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Eitan Dana N. , Grunebaum Lisa D. , Howard Brittany E. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo discuss a case series of Actinomyces infection post‐rhinoplasty and review the literature for correct diagnosis and management.Study DesignCase series with chart review.MethodsThree cases are presented of patients with a history of recurrent infectious symptoms post revision rhinoplasty later being diagnosed as Actinomyces.ResultsThree patients were identified having undergone revision rhinoplasty and later being diagnosed with Actinomyces infection. They initially presented with underwhelming physical exams, mild erythema, slight swelling, yet extreme pain. They also had periods of recurrent infection once antibiotics were stopped. Aerobic, anaerobic, fungal, and Actinomyces cultures were sent to pathology and returned positive for Actinomyces. Treatment typically involved a combination of prolonged antibiotics, incision and drainage, and/or surgical debridement.ConclusionsAwareness of Actinomyces as a possible cause of infection post‐rhinoplasty is significant as this pathogen can lead to extensive tissue destruction and fistula formation which could be detrimental for a rhinoplasty. Duration of treatment is beyond typical lengths for other infections and a specific culture for Actinomyces is required to be sent as it isn't captured in standard aerobic/anaerobic cultures. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is required by physicians to ensure that patients are evaluated thoroughly. Laryngoscope, 133:2948–2950, 2023
Treatments for Age‐related Vocal Atrophy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bhatt Neel K. , Garber David , Baertsch Hans , Beard Lynly , Giliberto J. P. , Meyer Tanya K. , Merati Albert L. , Sauder Cara 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveAge‐related vocal atrophy (ARVA) can dramatically affect voice, communication, and quality of life. The objectives of this systematic review were to (1) determine whether treatments for ARVA were superior to controls (2) compare the relative efficacy of procedural and behavioral treatments (3) review the various types of outcome measures, and (4) evaluate the quality of studies.Review MethodsThe literature was searched using strategies designed by a medical librarian (2/18/21, updated 3/9/22). Studies investigating treatments for bilateral vocal atrophy were included. Studies involving unilateral atrophy, presbyphonia (without endoscopic findings), or an absent comparator group were excluded. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses checklist was used to guide this study.ResultsAfter applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 8 articles remained, including 4 randomized trials and 4 cohort studies, and a narrative synthesis was performed. Surgical and behavioral treatments for ARVA appeared to be superior to control groups, based on specific outcome measures. However, the superiority of these treatments over controls was not uniformly observed across multiple outcome measures. When comparing different treatments, superiority could not be established based on the quality and completeness of the studies included in the systematic review. Outcome measures also varied between individual studies. Finally, the risk of bias was analyzed and scored. Consistent point deductions among reviewed studies were noted.ConclusionsWhen comparing treatments for ARVA. Surgery and voice therapy were both superior to control groups based on specific outcome measures from different domains. Superiority of one treatment could not be established.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 133:2846–2855, 2023
Ultrabroadband Multichannel Vector Vortex Beams With Versatile Electrically Induced Functionality
Authors: Sun Peizhi , Liu Binghui , Wang Yifei , Yuan Conglong , Jia Shuzhen , Shen Dong , Zheng Zhi‐Gang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe emergence of vector vortex beams (VVBs) has opened new avenues for various applications in optics and photonics. However, owing to the formidable phase aberration ascribed to the chromatic dispersion, the generation of VVBs suffers from a limited working spectrum, thus rendering the massive integration level and functionality challenging. Here, this work proposes a creative paradigm to generate ultrabroadband multichannel VVBs, via programming the electric field vector through the twisted nematic liquid crystals configured by photopatterning. It is experimentally demonstrated the multichannel VVBs propagate along a group of diffraction orders among an unprecedented bandwidth over 1000 nm covering the visible and NIR band, and the working spectrum can be extended into the mid‐IR region even at 10 µm wavelength with a sufficient efficiency of more than 80%. Remarkably, distinct from the usual electrical switching on–off cycle, the multichannel VVBs can be optionally regulated in either a reversible or irreversible manner by conveniently adjusting the applied voltage, thus endowing the versatile functionality for smart control and confidential purposes. The combination of multichannel VVB generation, ultrabroad spectral range, versatile controllability, and simplicity renders the methodology quite promising in photonics, quantum science, and fundamental physics.
Atomistic MD Simulations of n‐Alkanes in a Phospholipid Bilayer: CHARMM36 versus Slipids
Authors: Wurl Anika , M. Ferreira Tiago 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLinear alkanes (n‐alkanes) are chemically the most simple linear hydrophobic molecules in nature. Studying the incorporation of n‐alkanes into lipid membranes is therefore a good starting point toward understanding the behavior of hydrophobic molecules in lipid membranes and to assess how accurately molecular dynamics models describe such systems. Here, the miscibility and structure of different n‐alkanes—n‐decane (C10), n‐eicosane (C20), and n‐triacontane (C30)—in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine membranes are investigated using two of the most used force fields for lipid membrane molecular dynamics simulations (CHARMM36 and Slipids). The n‐alkanes are miscible in the membrane up to a critical volume fraction, ϕc, that depends on the force field interaction parameters used. ϕc is dependent on alkane chain length only for the model with more disordered chains (Slipids). Below ϕc, a comparison with 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra indicates that a more realistic structure of the longer alkane molecules (C20 and C30) is obtained using the Slipids force field. On the other hand, for the shorter alkane (C10), Slipids simulations underestimate molecular order and CHARMM36 simulations enable a precise prediction of its experimental spectrum. The predicted 2H NMR spectra are highly sensitive to 1–4 electrostatic interactions, and suggest that a reduction of the partial charges of the longer alkanes and acyl chains in CHARMM36 results in a better performance. The results presented indicate that lipid membranes with incorporated alkanes are highly valuable systems for the validation of force fields designed to perform lipid membrane simulations.
Peripheral Inflammation Is Associated with Dopaminergic Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Muñoz‐Delgado Laura , Labrador‐Espinosa Miguel Ángel , Macías‐García Daniel , Jesús Silvia , Benítez Zamora Belén , Fernández‐Rodríguez Paula , Adarmes‐Gómez Astrid D. , Reina Castillo María Isabel , Castro‐Labrador Sandra , Silva‐Rodríguez Jesús , Carrillo Fátima , García Solís David , Grothe Michel J. , Mir Pablo 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundPeripheral inflammatory immune responses are suggested to play a major role in dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a well‐established biomarker of systemic inflammation in PD. Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system can be assessed in vivo using [123I]FP‐CIT single photon emission computed tomography imaging of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) density.ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between the peripheral immune profile (NLR, lymphocytes, and neutrophils) and striatal DAT density in patients with PD.MethodsWe assessed clinical features, the peripheral immune profile, and striatal [123I]FP‐CIT DAT binding levels of 211 patients with PD (primary‐cohort). Covariate‐controlled associations between the immune response and striatal DAT levels were assessed using linear regression analyses. For replication purposes, we also studied a separate cohort of 344 de novo patients with PD enrolled in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI‐cohort).ResultsA higher NLR was significantly associated with lower DAT levels in the caudate (primary‐cohort: β = −0.01, p < 0.001; PPMI‐cohort: β = −0.05, p = 0.05) and the putamen (primary‐cohort: β = −0.05, p = 0.02; PPMI‐cohort: β = −0.06, p = 0.02). Intriguingly, a lower lymphocyte count was significantly associated with lower DAT levels in both the caudate (primary‐cohort: β = +0.09, p < 0.05; PPMI‐cohort: β = +0.11, p = 0.02) and the putamen (primary‐cohort: β = +0.09, p < 0.05, PPMI‐cohort: β = +0.14, p = 0.01), but an association with the neutrophil count was not consistently observed (caudate; primary‐cohort: β = −0.05, p = 0.02; PPMI‐cohort: β = 0, p = 0.94; putamen; primary‐cohort: β = −0.04, p = 0.08; PPMI‐cohort: β = −0.01, p = 0.73).ConclusionsOur findings across two independent cohorts suggest a relationship between systemic inflammation and dopaminergic degeneration in patients with PD. This relationship was mainly driven by the lymphocyte count. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Surface Molecularly Imprinted Cellulose‐Synthetic Hybrid Particles Prepared via ATRP for Enrichment of Flavonoids in Olive Leaf
Authors: Gomes Catarina P. , Dias Rolando C. S. , Costa Mário Rui P. F. N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSurface molecularly imprinted cellulose‐synthetic hybrid particles are prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The two‐step process involves the immobilization of α‐bromoisobutyryl bromide in the pristine microcrystalline cellulose, to generate ATRP macroinitiator particles, and then the creation of a crosslinked‐imprinted shell in the particles surface considering ATRP of 4‐vinylpyridine (4VP) and ethylene glycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA) with quercetin as imprinting template. Among the polymerization recipes tested, a system with ethanol as solvent preserves a final size of the hybrid particles suitable for application as adsorbent, while also incorporating the 4VP/EGDMA co‐monomers. Testing of imprinted/non‐imprinted particles for sorption/desorption of standard phenolic compounds shows the modification of the surface of the pristine cellulose and also the achievement of molecular imprinting (imprinting factor ≈2.6). Particles are used for the enrichment of flavonoids in olive leaf extracts and the special features of the developed molecularly imprinted adsorbents are again highlighted with this complex mixture of phenolic compounds. It is shown that production of fractions rich in luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside, or quercetin, among other flavonoids is possible (estimated enrichment factors up to 4). These results point up for the usefulness of natural‐synthetic materials with processes to get high‐added value compounds in the framework of circular bio‐economy.
B1 mapping using an EPI‐based double angle approach: A practical guide for correcting slice profile and B0 distortion effects
Authors: Nöth Ulrike , Shrestha Manoj , Deichmann Ralf 
Published: March 2023

PurposeAim of this study was to develop a reliable B1 mapping method for brain imaging based on vendor MR sequences available on clinical scanners. Correction procedures for B0 distortions and slice profile imperfections are proposed, together with a phantom experiment for deriving the approximate time‐bandwidth‐product (TBP) of the excitation pulse, which is usually not known for vendor sequences.MethodsThe double angle method was used, acquiring two gradient echo echo‐planar imaging data sets with different excitation angles. A correction factor C (B1, TBP, B0) was derived from simulations for converting double angle method signal quotients into bias‐free B1 maps. In vitro and in vivo tests compare results with reference B1 maps based on an established in‐house sequence.ResultsThe simulation shows that C has a negligible B1 dependence, allowing for a polynomial approximation of C (TBP, B0). Signal quotients measured in a phantom experiment with known TBP reconfirm the simulation results. In vitro and in vivo B1 maps based on the proposed method, assuming TBP = 5.8 as derived from a phantom experiment, match closely the reference B1 maps. Analysis without B0 correction shows marked deviations in areas of distorted B0, highlighting the importance of this correction.ConclusionDouble angle method‐based B1 mapping was set up for vendor gradient echo‐echo‐planar imaging sequences, using a correction procedure for slice profile imperfections and B0 distortions. This will help to set up quantitative MRI studies on clinical scanners with release sequences, as the method does not require knowledge of the exact RF‐pulse profiles or the use of in‐house sequences.
Nonlinear stochastic dynamics of an array of coupled micromechanical oscillators
Authors: Katsidoniotaki Maria I. , Petromichelakis Ioannis , Kougioumtzoglou Ioannis A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe stochastic response of a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom nonlinear dynamical system is determined based on the recently developed Wiener path integral (WPI) technique. The system can be construed as a representative model of electrostatically coupled arrays of micromechanical oscillators, and relates to an experiment performed by Buks and Roukes. Compared to alternative modeling and solution treatments in the literature, the paper exhibits the following novelties. First, typically adopted linear, or higher‐order polynomial, approximations of the nonlinear electrostatic forces are circumvented. Second, for the first time, stochastic modeling is employed by considering a random excitation component representing the effect of diverse noise sources on the system dynamics. Third, the resulting high‐dimensional, nonlinear system of coupled stochastic differential equations governing the dynamics of the micromechanical array is solved based on the WPI technique for determining the response joint probability density function. Comparisons with pertinent Monte Carlo simulation data demonstrate a quite high degree of accuracy and computational efficiency exhibited by the WPI technique. Further, it is shown that the proposed model can capture, at least in a qualitative manner, the salient aspects of the frequency domain response of the associated experimental setup.
Bioorthogonal chemical imaging of solid lipid nanoparticles with minimal labeling by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Lang Xiaoqi , Gao Xin , Wei Mian , Qian Naixin , Min Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are a state‐of‐the‐art lipid‐based pharmaceutical drug delivery system. Advantages of SLNs include high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, superiority in drug encapsulation capacity, and improved colloidal stability. They became widely known in late 2020, as several COVID‐19 vaccines are built upon SLNs technology. Despite the increasing impact, the characterization methods of SLNs are currently very limited especially in biological environment, which hinders fundamental understanding of the delivery mechanism and contributes to relatively low success rate in clinical translations. Here, we present close‐to‐label‐free imaging of deuterated SLNs using the emerging stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. The introduction of deuterium to lipid structure renders bioorthogonal chemical specificity. Notably, with this approach, we have achieved ultrahigh single‐particle sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo, even with particle counting ability. Our bioorthogonal chemical imaging modality by SRS microscopy can be generalized to visualize a wide spectrum of lipid‐based drug carriers with high spatiotemporal resolution, chemical specificity, and ultimate sensitivity. This work opens up ways to address critical questions in SLN drug delivery and could also facilitate innovations in lipid nanotechnology and clinical translations.Key points
Direct imaging of lipid nanocarrier that is the basis of the COVID‐19 vaccines.
Novel single‐particle imaging technique applied to nanomedicine.
Frontier of nanomaterial, optical imaging, and molecular pharmacology.
The contribution of crowdfunding for philanthropy: A systematic review and framework of donation and reward crowdfunding
Authors: van Teunenbroek Claire , Dalla Chiesa Carolina , Hesse Laura 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhich novelties do donation‐ and reward‐based crowdfunding bring to philanthropy? Scholars interested in crowdfunding contributed to developing empirical explanations on which features impact online giving. However, the focus on theory building is limited. We developed a theoretical framework by categorizing the empirical findings reported in 198 studies, which resulted in four crowdfunding features impacting giving: (1) project creator, (2) social information, (3) rewards, and (4) project description. We explain why these features impact giving by integrating them with insights from several fields of social sciences, deriving seven giving mechanisms. We conclude that with impacting donations via crowdfunding, three giving themes exist: being affected by (1) the perceived project's quality, (2) social connections and/or (3) tangible rewards. The categorization of mechanisms for giving allows initiators to extract best practice examples for increasing the probability of successful crowdfunding projects considering the giving mechanisms.
Regulating Zhibo in China: Exploring multiple levels of self‐regulation and stakeholder dynamics
Authors: Qiu Yuanbo , Dwyer Timothy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, user‐generated live streaming platforms have grown significantly in their popularity. However, the circulation of objectionable live streaming content and the unpredictability and high‐intensity user engagement generated by live streaming has posed challenges to the existing regulatory frameworks. In China, the situation of regulating Zhibo (literally ‘live streaming’) is arguably even more complex due to the rapid industrial changes, a mass scale of video content along with the Wanghong Economy, and fragmented internet governance. Drawing on interviews and analysis of regulatory documents, this study investigated the dynamic negotiations among regulatory actors in Chinese live streaming sectors, underscoring that the idea of multiple levels of self‐regulation with minimal state oversight has become the principal strategy for regulating live streaming in a multiactor coordination context. Regulation of the Zhibo is characterized by a conflict between uneven accountability and decentralized regulatory activities in the contemporary regulatory regime.