bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
March of the Pigments
Authors: Orna Mary Virginia 
Published: February 2023

Take a colorful walk through human ingenuity.
Humans have been unpacking the earth to use pigments since cavemen times. Starting out from surface pigments for cave paintings, we’ve dug deep for minerals, mined oceans for colors and exploited the world of plants and animals. Our accidental fumbles have given birth to a whole family of brilliant blues that grace our museums, mansions and motorcars. We’ve turned waste materials into a whole rainbow of tints and hues to color our clothes, our food and ourselves. With the snip of a genetic scissor, we’ve harnessed bacteria to gift us with “greener” blue jeans and dazzling dashikis. As the pigments march on into the future, who knows what new and exciting inventions will emerge?
Mary Virginia Orna, a world-recognized expert on color, will lead you through an illuminating journey exploring the science behind pigments. Pausing for reflections en route to share stories around pigment use and discoveries informed by history, religion, sociology and human endeavour, this book will have you absorbing science and regaling tales. Jam packed with nuggets of information, March of the Pigments will have the curiously minded and the expert scientist turning pages to discover more.
The Chemists' War: 1914–1918
Authors: Freemantle Michael 
Published: February 2023

Within months of the start of the First World War, Germany began to run out of the raw materials it needed to make explosives. As Germany faced imminent defeat, chemists such as Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch came to the rescue with Nobel Prize winning discoveries that overcame the shortages and enabled the country to continue in the war. Similarly, Britain could not have sustained its war effort for four years had it not been for chemists like Chaim Weizmann who was later to become the first president of the State of Israel.
Michael Freemantle tells the stories of these and many other chemists and explains how their work underpinned and shaped what became known as The Chemists’ War. He reveals:
• how chemistry contributed to the care of the sick and wounded and to the health and safety of troops;
• how coal not only powered the war but was also an important source of the chemicals needed for the manufacture of explosives, dyes, medicines and antiseptics;
• how Britain’s production of propellants relied on the slaughter of tens of thousands of whales;
• how a precious metal played a critical role in the war;
• how poisonous chemicals were used as weapons of mass destruction for the first time in the history of warfare and how chemists developed gas masks for protection against these weapons;
• how the British naval blockade of Germany imperilled agricultural production in the United States.
The book will appeal to the general reader as well as the many scientists and historians interested in the Great War.
Everything Is Natural: Exploring How Chemicals Are Natural, How Nature Is Chemical and Why That Should Excite Us
Authors: Kennedy James 
Published: February 2023

Since the early 1990s, advances in toxicology have allowed scientists to detect traces of adulterant substances in everyday products – even down to parts per billion concentrations. We can now detect the presence of harmful ingredients at levels so low that they actually cause no harm.
Nonetheless, we get scared. We are now able to overreact to harmless, negligible sources of contamination and flock to ‘natural’, ‘organic’ and ‘chemical-free’ alternative products at elevated prices instead. This urge is driven in part by a set of interesting psychological quirks called the naturalness preference or biophilia. While exposure to many aspects of nature improves our physical and mental wellbeing, marketers are taking advantage of our naturalness preference by selling us ‘organic’ and ‘natural’ products with no functional advantage, sometimes to the detriment of the environment, and that have the unfortunate added effect of peddling a fear of conventional products that do not make such natural connotations. This fear of chemicals, exaggerated by marketers, has led some of us to seek nature in the form of expensive consumer product, which offer almost none of the benefits of spending time outdoors in real nature (which is free of charge).
We thus chase nature in the wrong form. We feel guilt, anxiety and mental stress from being coaxed into paying a hefty premium price for "natural" products that are neither safer nor more effective than conventional ones, and forget to appreciate real nature in the process.
This book explores the history of chemical fears and the recent events that amplified it. It describes how consumers, teachers, doctors, lawmakers and journalists can help make better connections with the public by telling stories that are more engaging about chemistry and materials science. Written in a sympathetic way, this book explains both sides of the argument for anyone with an interest in science.
A Primer in Frustrated Lewis Pair Hydrogenation: Concepts to Applications
Authors: Stephan Douglas 
Published: February 2023

Written for senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as those chemists unfamiliar with “frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs)”, this text serves as an introduction to the both the concept and application of FLPs in hydrogenation catalysis.
The book begins by setting the stage as it was around the turn of the century. While the dramatic impacts of catalysis were undeniable, there was dependence of such technologies on transition metal chemistry. Contrastingly, the chemistry of main group elements was dominated by Lewis acid-base behavior. However, these perceptions were altered with the discovery of the ability of “frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs)” to activate dihydrogen. The basic features, and mechanisms of action of these unique main group systems are chronicled, while the evolution of the initial findings to applications in catalytic hydrogenation is discussed. A subsequent chapter focuses on the breadth of organic substrates for which borane based FLP hydrogenations are effective. This is furthered with a chapter on the metal-free enantioselective reductions. FLP chemistry is not limited to systems involving boranes and this book also catalogues a range of FLP hydrogenation catalysts involving elements from across the periodic table. The final chapter in the book describes other directions of interest where the application of the concept of FLPs hydrogenation are beginning to emerge.
Ideal for course use and self study, this book provides synthetic chemists with a fresh, expert introduction to the field. The reader will be left recognizing that hydrogenation catalysts is a domain no longer limited to transition metals.
Water Droplets to Nanotechnology: A Journey Through Self-Assembly
Authors: Innocenzi Plinio , Malfatti Luca , Falcaro Paolo 
Published: February 2023

The ability of nanostructures to organize into complex arrangements leads to unique materials with valuable applications. Self-assembly is therefore a key concept for nanotechnology, but it can be quite a complex and difficult subject to approach. Water Droplets to Nanotechnology gives a simple and general overview of the different self-assembly processes which are at the basis of recent developments in nanotechnology.
The book shows how simple phenomenon from everyday examples can become sophisticated tools for self-assembly and the fabrication of nanomaterials. By exploring the coffee stain and tears of wine phenomena, the first part looks at how the evaporation of a droplet of colloidal solution can be used in designing organized structures. This leads onto more complex systems such as templated porous materials, photonic crystals, colloidal nanocrystals and quasi-crystals through to bottom-up systems for designing hierarchal materials.
By taking the reader on a journey from everyday life to the secrets of nanotechnology, the book is suitable for a non-specialist audience interested in self-assembly as well as the wider perspectives and latest developments of nanoscience.
Petroleum Engineering Explained: Basic Concepts for Novices
Authors: Shallcross David 
Published: February 2023

Assuming no mathematical or chemistry knowledge, this book introduces complete beginners to the field of petroleum engineering. Written in a straightforward style, the author takes a practical approach to the subject avoiding complex mathematics to achieve a text that is robust without being intimidating.
Covering traditional petroleum engineering topics, readers of this book will learn about the formation and characteristics of petroleum reservoirs, the chemical properties of petroleum, the processes involved in the exploitation of reservoirs, post-extraction processing, industrial safety, and the long-term outlook for the oil and gas production. The descriptions and discussions are informed by considering the production histories of several fields including the Ekofisk field in the North Sea, the Wyburn Field in Canada, the Manifa Field in Saudi Arabia and the Wilmington Field off the Californian Coast. The factors leading up to the well blowouts on board the Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Mantara Field in the Timor Sea are also examined. With a glossary to explain key words and concepts, this book is a perfect introduction for newcomers to a petroleum engineering course, as well as non-specialists in industry.
Professor David Shallcross is one of the foremost practitioners in chemical engineering education worldwide. Readers of this book will find his previous book, Chemical Engineering Explained, a useful companion.
p-Type ohmic contact to MoS2via binary compound electrodes
Authors: Ren Yin-Ti , Chen Yuan-Tao , Hu Liang , Wang Jiang-Long , Gong Peng-Lai , Zhang Hu , Huang Li , Shi Xing-Qiang 
Published: February 2023

Both n- and p-type ohmic contact to MoS2 can be obtained via different CuS surfaces, due to the weak metallicity and large work function variation of the CuS surfaces, and due to interface quasi-bonding between CuS and MoS2.
Assessing Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Strengths via Auditory Brainstem Response: Measurement and Variability in Normal-Hearing Individuals
Authors: Holtmann Laura Christine , Strahlenbach Amadea , Hans Stefan , Jung Lea , Lang Stephan , Eichler Theda , Arweiler-Harbeck Diana 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Optimal measurement settings to measure the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) in humans have not yet been defined. The purpose of this study was to advance the representation of the MOCR in auditory brainstem response (ABR) as an addition to the current diagnostic portfolio.

Participants and Method:
Twelve female and 14 male normal-hearing adults participated in the study. Potential effects of a contralateral acoustic stimulus (CAS) on amplitude changes were investigated by recording ABR waveform profiles on the left side at click intensities of 50/60/70 dB nHL with and without CAS (60 dB SPL). Secondly, to detect potential chronological order influences, measurement settings were rearranged on the right side and measurements were repeated. Additionally, ABR thresholds were recorded with and without a CAS in 10 patients.

Results:
When the effect of contralateral suppression was analyzed on the basis of amplitude changes, there was a change under administration of the CAS signal that was statistically significant. Interestingly, the order of recordings affected the degree of amplitude change. In three out of 10 patients, reproducible suppression effects on ABR thresholds were detectable upon CAS presentation.

Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this is the largest study dealing with the recording of the MOCR elicited by a contralateral noise via ABR in normal-hearing individuals. Effects of MOCR are measurable via amplitude changes upon CAS administration. Chronological orders influence the impact of this effect on amplitude changes. Optimal measurement settings have not yet been defined. However, experiments such as this study may help to further improve measurements, and thus advance the representation of the MOC reflex in ABR as an addition to the current diagnostic portfolio.
MetaFL: Metamorphic fault localisation using weakly supervised deep learning
Authors: Fu Lingfeng , Lei Yan , Yan Meng , Xu Ling , Xu Zhou , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeep‐Learning‐based Fault Localisation (DLFL) leverages deep neural networks to learn the relationship between statement behaviour and program failures, showing promising results. However, since DLFL uses program failures as labels to conduct supervised learning, a labelled dataset is a requisite of applying DLFL. A failure is detected by comparing program output with a test oracle which is the standard answer for the given input. The problem is, test oracles are often difficult, or even impossible to acquire in real life, and that has severely restricted the application of DLFL since we have only unlabelled datasets in most cases. Thus, MetaFL: Metamorphic Fault Localisation Using Weakly Supervised Deep Learning is proposed, to provide a weakly supervised learning solution for DLFL. Instead of using test oracles, MetaFL uses metamorphic relations to prescribe expected behaviour of a program, and defines labels of metamorphic testing groups by verifying integrity in each group of test cases. Hence, a coarse‐grained labelled dataset can be built from the originally unlabelled one, with which DLFL can work now, utilising a weakly supervised learning paradigm. The experiments show that MetaFL yields a performance comparable to plain DLFL under ideal condition (i.e. the labels of datasets are available). MetaFL successfully extends the methodology of DLFL from supervised learning to weakly supervised learning, and a fully labelled dataset is no longer mandatory for applying DLFL.
High Prevalence of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome in Patients Diagnosed with
Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Authors: Leblebicier Merve Akdeniz , Özlü Aysun , Bakçepınar Gülsüm , Cihan Emine 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective To evaluate foot function and prevalence of tarsal tunnel
syndrome in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome as compared with
healthy individuals.
Methods This prospective study included 111 participants, including 63
female patients with fibromyalgia (mean age: 46.17±6.64 years) and 48
female healthy controls (mean age: 46.16±9.38 years) who met the
selection criteria. The participants were evaluated for Tinel’s sign and
asked about the presence of foot pain and paraesthesia in both groups. In
addition, the participants were assessed using the Fibromyalgia Impact
Questionnaire and Foot Function Index (FFI) for functionality. Bilateral
electrophysiological studies of the tibial, peroneal, sural, medial and lateral
plantar nerves were performed.
Results Tarsal tunnel syndrome was present in 20 extremities of the
patients with fibromyalgia (15.9%) and four extremities of the controls
(4.2%)(p=0.005). Paraesthesia was observed in 56 extremities in
the fibromyalgia group (44.4%) and 10 extremities in the control group
(10.4%)(p<0.001). Tinel’s sign was positive in 69
extremities (54.8%) in the fibromyalgia group and 17 in the control
group (17.7%)(p<0.001). The total number of painful feet was 123
(97.6%) in the fibromyalgia group and 22 (22.9%) in the control
group (p<0.001). The mean total FFI was 66.26±60.80 for the
right foot and 66.28±64.12 for the left foot in the FMS group; in the
control group, it was 16.02±31.01 and 16.87±34.14, respectively.
Both values exhibited a statistically significant difference between the two
groups (p<0.001)
Conclusion In patients with fibromyalgia syndrome, paraesthesia and foot
pain may be seen more frequently. Therefore, electrophysiological evaluation of
the lower extremities may be recommended in these patients.
Komplikatives Hämatomediastinum einer 76-jährigen Patientin nach Durchführung einer endosonografisch gesteuerten transbronchialen Kryobiopsie (EBUS-TBKB) bei Verdacht einer Lymphomerkrankung
Authors: Schwick Björn , Kintsler Svetlana , Lindemann-Docter Katharina , Jonigk Danny , Sodi Luna José Miguel , Krüger Ingo 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungWir präsentieren den Fall einer Patientin mit schwerem Verlauf einer komplikativen mediastinalen Blutung nach endosonografisch gesteuerter transbronchialer Kryobiopsie (EBUS-TBKB) bei Verdacht einer fortgeschrittenen Lymphomerkrankung. Die EBUS-TBKB ist eine noch nicht routinemäßig angewandte effektive Untersuchungsmethode in der interventionellen Pneumologie zur Diagnose von Erkrankungen mit mediastinalen Lymphknotenvergrößerungen und intrathorakalen Tumoren, mit der große Gewebezylinder im Mediastinum gewonnen werden können. Aufgrund der hohen diagnostischen Wertigkeit der endobronchialen ultraschallgesteuerten transbronchialen Nadelaspiration (EBUS-TBNA) zur Abklärung einer Lymphadenopathie sollte die Untersuchung nicht als Routineanwendung erfolgen. Indikationen für eine primäre EBUS-TBKB können sich bei Verdacht auf intrathorakale maligne Lymphome oder andere seltene Tumoren, bei denen umfangreiches unfragmentiertes Gewebematerial für die Diagnosefindung erforderlich ist, ergeben. Eine seltene und bisher nicht in der Literatur beschriebene Komplikation ist ein Hämatomediastinum, sodass vor Intervention eine sorgfältige Risikoabwägung von möglicherweise auftretenden Blutungskomplikationen erfolgen sollte und die invasivere Mediastinoskopie eine sicherere Untersuchungsmethode sein kann.
Implementing an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome and Decision Support Tool in Early Intervention
Authors: Rizk Sabrin , Kaelin Vera C. , Sim Julia Gabrielle C. , Papautsky Elizabeth Lerner , Khetani Mary A. , Murphy Natalie J. , McManus Beth M. , Leland Natalie E. , Stoffel Ashley , James Lesly , Barnekow Kris 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to identify and prioritize early intervention (EI) stakeholders' perspectives of supports and barriers to implementing the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM), an electronic patient-reported outcome (e-PRO) tool, for scaling its implementation across multiple local and state EI programs.
Methods An explanatory sequential (quan > QUAL) mixed-methods study was conducted with EI families (n = 6), service coordinators (n = 9), and program leadership (n = 7). Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were used to share select quantitative pragmatic trial results (e.g., percentages for perceived helpfulness of implementation strategies) and elicit stakeholder perspectives to contextualize these results. Three study staff deductively coded transcripts to constructs in the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Data within CFIR constructs were inductively analyzed to generate themes that were rated by national early childhood advisors for their relevance to longer term implementation.
Results All three stakeholder groups (i.e., families, service coordinators, program leadership) identified thematic supports and barriers across multiple constructs within each of four CFIR domains: (1) Six themes for “intervention characteristics,” (2) Six themes for “process,” (3) three themes for “inner setting,” and (4) four themes for “outer setting.” For example, all stakeholder groups described the value of the YC-PEM e-PRO in forging connections and eliciting meaningful information about family priorities for efficient service plan development (“intervention characteristics”). Stakeholders prioritized reaching families with diverse linguistic preferences and user navigation needs, further tailoring its interface with automated data capture and exchange processes (“process”); and fostering a positive implementation climate (“inner setting”). Service coordinators and program leadership further articulated the value of YC-PEM e-PRO results for improving EI access (“outer setting”).
Conclusion Results demonstrate the YC-PEM e-PRO is an evidence-based intervention that is viable for implementation. Optimizations to its interface are needed before undertaking hybrid type-2 and 3 multisite trials to test these implementation strategies across state and local EI programs with electronic data capture capabilities and diverse levels of organizational readiness and resources for implementation.
Ad hoc concepts, affective attitude and epistemic stance
Authors: Padilla Cruz Manuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn relevance-theoretic pragmatics thelower-levelorfirst-order explicatureis a propositional form resulting from a series of inferential developments of the logical form. It amounts to the message the speaker communicates explicitly. Thehigher-levelorsecond-order explicatureis a description of the speech act that the speaker performs, her affective attitude towards what she says or her epistemic stance to the communicated information. Information about the speaker’s affective attitude or epistemic stance need not solely be represented in the latter, though. It could be included as beliefs in the mental files of pragmatically adjusted conceptual representations featuring in lower-level explicatures. Those beliefs would originate as lexical pragmatic processes operate and their representation would be triggered by elements like evaluative morphemes, expressive expletives, insulting terms and evidential participles. Although they may be true or false in their own right, such beliefs would not affect the truth-conditional content of the expressed proposition.
From implicit to explicit
Authors: Blochowiak Joanna , Grisot Cristina , Degand Liesbeth 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe presence of discourse relations can be marked explicitly with lexical items such as specialized and underspecified connectives or left implicit. It is now well established that the presence of specialized connective facilitates the processing of these relations. The question is to gauge how different degrees of explicitness affect the processing of discourse relations. This study investigates this question with respect to two relations, which are fundamental to our cognition and which are closely tied: causal relations and temporal relations. We carried out a self-paced reading experiment, in which we sought to compare the cost of inferring the presence of causal vs. temporal relations in the absence vs. presence of a connective indicating a given relation in French. For the explicit marking, two types of connectives were tested – one specialized for each relation (doncfor causality andpuisfor temporality) and one underspecified (etin its temporal and causal readings). Overall, our results confirm the facilitator role of discourse connectives: we find that explicit discourse relations are processed faster than implicit ones. The specific (rather than underspecified) connective facilitates processing for temporal relations but not for causal relations; and temporal relations were read equally fast as causal relations.
On the strength of presumptions
Authors: Bodlović Petar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTraditionally, a presumption is a dialogically privileged, yet defeasible proposition that allocates the burden of proof to a party who challenges it. This paper investigates the strength of presumptions. First, it explains how ‘strength’ contributes to defining the concept of presumption. Second, it provides an overview of (contextual, justificatory, and deontic) factors determining a presumption’s strength. Finally, it analyses the predominant view that defines strength in terms of the Challenger’s burden of proof: the stronger (weaker) the presumptionp, the more (less) difficult it is to prove non-p. I argue that the latter proposal applies only to practical presumptions, and that strength is conceived differently for cognitive presumptions.