bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation on the effect of pressurization scenarios on the deformation behaviours and operating volume of a four-chambered soft actuator
Authors: Doreswamy Deepak , B.R. Abhijay , D’Souza Jeane Marina , H.K. Sachidananda , Bhat Subraya Krishna 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Soft actuators using pneumatic-chamber (PneuNet)-based designs have been of interest in the area of soft robotics with scope of application in the area of biomedical assistance and smart agriculture. Researchers have attempted to investigate multiple chambers in parallel to examine their deformation characteristics. However, there is a lacuna for investigation of the deformation characteristics of four parallel chambered soft actuators. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate the different possible actuation scenarios and the resulting bending/deformation behaviours.

Design/methodology/approach
Therefore, in this study, a four-chambered PneuNet actuator is numerically investigated to evaluate the effects of pressurization scenarios and pressure levels on its performance, operating reaching and working volume.

Findings
The results of this study revealed that two-adjacent chamber equal pressurization and three-chamber pressurizations result in increased bending. However, two-opposite chamber pressurization reduces the bending angle with pressure levels in the lower pressure chamber. The maximum bending angle of 97° was achieved for single-chamber pressurization of 300 kPa. The two-adjacent chamber unequal pressurization can achieve a sweeping motion in the actuator along with bending. The working volume and reaching capability analysis revealed that the actuator can reach around 71% of the dimensional operating space.

Practical implications
The results provide fundamental guidance on the output nature of motion which can be obtained under different pressurization scenarios using the four-chambered design soft actuator, thereby making it a practical guide for implementation for useful applications.

Originality/value
The comprehensive pressurization scenarios and pressure level variations reported in this study will serve as fundamental operating guidelines for any practical implementation of the four-chambered PneuNet actuator.
Rapidly progressing generalized bullous fixed drug eruption after the first dose of COVID‐19 messenger RNA vaccination
Authors: Choi Sooyeon , Kim Sung Hee , Hwang Ji‐Hye , Jang Hyun Woo , Oh Sang Ho , Kim Do‐Young , Kim Tae‐Gyun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGeneralized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE) is a rare type of life‐threatening severe cutaneous adverse reaction that is considered a medical emergency because of its potential lethality. Currently, only a few cases of bullous adverse reactions have been reported after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination. We describe a patient with distinct clinical, histopathological, and immunological findings that are consistent with severe GBFDE, after Pfizer messenger RNA COVID‐19 vaccination. An 83‐year‐old man presented with a fever and well‐demarcated multiple erythematous patches that occurred only 4 h after receiving the first dose of COVID‐19 Pfizer vaccination. Over the next few days, the patches became generalized and turned into blisters covering approximately 30% of the body surface. The patient was started on intravenous methylprednisolone and oral cyclosporine. There were no additional blistering lesions after 10 days of treatment, prompting a gradual dose reduction. Our case suggests that a stepwise vaccination adhering to the standard dosing schedule should be warranted with close monitoring for possible significant side effects.
Nitrogen addition and experimental drought simplified arthropod network in temperate grassland
Authors: Zhang Bingchuan , Ma Wang , Song Lin , Liang Xiaosa , Xi Xinqiang , Wang Zhengwen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Biodiversity is threatened by global changes, but related research has focused primarily on species or functional group diversity, neglecting their interaction networks. The latter are particularly sensitive to global changes and essential for biodiversity maintenance. Furthermore, multiple global change factors are typically examined separately, rather than in concert which is more realistic in nature.

To explore the responses of arthropod networks to multiple global changes, we conducted a field experiment in temperate grassland in northeast China, in which nitrogen (N) deposition, drought, snowmelt timing and their interactions were manipulated. We constructed and assessed networks of arthropod functional groups, and explored their responses to changes in plant communities and the abiotic environments.

Nitrogen addition decreased arthropod network complexity because increased foliar N and simplified plant community strengthened trophic chains along a single pathway, weakening the net effect of other pathways. However, experimental drought decreased network complexity by filtering out plant species and changing micro‐habitats. While delayed snowmelt significantly increased arthropod abundance only in early spring, its interaction with N addition or with drought had various impacts on arthropod functional groups. Our results suggest that the interaction of arthropod consumers with plant species richness and with plant nutrients finally reduced the robustness, connectedness and function of entire species/functional group networks in response to global change factors.

In conclusion, species loss and increasing plant nutrient concentrations are key factors simplifying networks under multiple global changes, and such simplification is likely to be strengthened if coupled with changes in micro‐habitats. Our study highlighted that the effects of multiple global change factors should be studied in concert, even though they occur in different seasons, so that their effects on ecological networks can be perceived as a panorama.

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Taxon‐specific responses to landscape‐scale and long‐term implementation of environmentally friendly rice farming
Authors: Katayama Naoki , Baba Yuki G. , Okubo Satoru , Matsumoto Hitoshi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Rice feeds about half of the world's population. The intensification of rice farming has threatened biodiversity and ecosystem services, such as pest control. A growing body of evidence suggests that Environmentally or wildlife‐friendly farming (EFF) can be effective in biodiversity conservation. However, its dependence on spatial and temporal scales of EFF implementation and surrounding semi‐natural habitats has remained largely unknown.

We evaluated the effects of three types of EFF (organic farming, winter flooding and integrated pest management [IPM]) against conventional farming on plants, spiders and waterbirds in Japan. Through systematic surveys of 254 rice fields across rice production areas, we monitored EFF implementation at field and landscape scales, considering the time since transition to EFF and the surrounding semi‐natural areas.

EFF implementation at the field scale, such as organic farming, was found to have positive effects on plant richness and spider abundance, whereas the percent area of EFF fields within a 200‐m radius positively affected Ardeidae abundance. However, as the percent area of surrounding semi‐natural habitats increased, the difference in the plant richness between organic and other fields decreased.

Prolonged implementation periods of IPM or winter flooding, together with a reduction of more than 50% in synthetic fertilisers and pesticides from conventional agriculture, led to an increase in the spider abundance. Conversely, no clear positive effect of longer implementation periods of organic farming resulted in similar spider abundance in the three EFF types after 20 years.

Synthesis and applications: This suggests that the benefits of EFF depend on their spatial and temporal scales and the surrounding semi‐natural areas. We propose that such a context dependency should be considered in future policy. Our findings also provide a starting point for future research to test the mixed biodiversity benefits of EFF across cropland types and around the world.
Whose policy uncertainty affects trade flows between Japan and the U.S.?
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Nouira Ridha , Saafi Sami 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrevious studies mostly assumed that the effects of policy uncertainty on trade flows are symmetric. In this article, we add to this literature by arguing and demonstrating that the effects could be asymmetric. Since asymmetry analysis requires using non‐linear models, such models yield a more significant outcome than linear models. We show this by considering the trade flows of 66 two‐digit U.S. exporting industries to Japan and 59 two‐digit Japanese exporting industries to the United States. While both the linear and non‐linear models predicted short‐run effects of the U.S. and Japanese policy uncertainty on exports of most industries, the long‐run effects were significantly different. In the long run, while the linear model predicted no significant effects of either uncertainty measure, the non‐linear model 12 (14) U.S. exporting industries that were affected by changes in the Japanese (the U.S.) policy uncertainty measure and six (10) Japanese exporting industries that were affected by changes in the Japanese (the U.S.) policy uncertainty measure. Several large industries were among the affected industries.
Well‐being and doctor visits: The mediating role of a healthy diet
Authors: Kesavayuth Dusanee , Shangkhum Prompong , Zikos Vasileios 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSubjective well‐being is associated with many positive health outcomes. However, little is known about whether these favourable outcomes translate into a reduction in the number of doctor visits. Using large‐scale panel data from Australia, we find that individuals with high life satisfaction need fewer visits to their family doctor or general practitioner. We also present evidence on the pathways underlying this relationship, showing it is significantly explained by a person's diet. These findings remain after correcting for sample selection bias using Heckman's approach as well as controlling for various confounding factors.
US Policies That Define Foods for Junk Food Taxes, 1991–2021
Authors: POMERANZ JENNIFER L , CASH SEAN B , MOZAFFARIAN DARIUSH 
Published: April 2023

Policy Points
Suboptimal diet is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States.
Excise taxes on junk food are not widely utilized in the United States. The development of a workable definition of the food to be taxed is a substantial barrier to implementation.
Three decades of legislative and regulatory definitions of food for taxes and related purposes provide insight into methods to characterize food to advance new policies. Defining policies through Product Categories combined with Nutrients or Processing may be a method to identify foods for health‐related goals.
ContextSuboptimal diet is a substantial contributor to weight gain, cardiometabolic diseases, and certain cancers. Junk food taxes can raise the price of the taxed product to reduce consumption and the revenue can be used to invest in low‐resource communities. Taxes on junk food are administratively and legally feasible but no definition of “junk food” has been established.MethodsTo identify legislative and regulatory definitions characterizing food for tax and other related purposes, this research used Lexis+ and the NOURISHING policy database to identify federal, state, territorial, and Washington DC statutes, regulations, and bills (collectively denoted as “policies”) defining and characterizing food for tax and related policies, 1991–2021.FindingsThis research identified and evaluated 47 unique laws and bills that defined food through one or more of the following criteria: Product Category (20 definitions), Processing (4 definitions), Product intertwined with Processing (19 definitions), Place (12 definitions), Nutrients (9 definitions), and Serving Size (7 definitions). Of the 47 policies, 26 used more than one criterion to define food categories, especially those with nutrition‐related goals. Policy goals included taxing foods (snack, healthy, unhealthy, or processed foods), exempting foods from taxation (snack, healthy, unhealthy, or unprocessed foods), exempting homemade or farm‐made foods from state and local retail regulations, and supporting federal nutrition assistance objectives. Policies based on Product Categories alone differentiated between necessity/staple foods on the one hand and nonnecessity/nonstaple foods on the other.ConclusionsIn order to specifically identify unhealthy food, policies commonly included a combination of Product Category, Processing, and/or Nutrient criteria. Explanations for repealed state sales tax laws on snack foods identified retailers’ difficulty pinpointing which specific foods were subject to the tax as a barrier to implementation. An excise tax assessed on manufacturers or distributors of junk food is a method to overcome this barrier and may be warranted.
Wee1 epigenetically modulates H2B mono‐ubiquitination at K120 lysine and DNA double‐strand break repair through phosphorylation of H2BY37‐dependent manner in small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Xiaoliang , Wen Xiaohua , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDNA damage repair is a crucial mechanism highly related to therapy resistance for various therapeutic strategies. Our previous results have shown that the degree of drug resistance in small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines was proportional to both the transcription and expression levels of Wee1, indicating that Wee1, an evolutionarily highly conserved kinase, plays a vital role in the therapeutic resistance of SCLC. In the present study, we aim to determine the nonclassical mechanism of Wee1 on DNA repair regulation.MethodsWestern blot was conducted to determine the mono‐ubiquitination level of H2Bub. Comet assay was used to evaluate the degree of DNA damage. Immunofluorescence was conducted to determine the DNA repair markers. Co‐immunoprecipitation was utilized to assess the potential interactions with H2BY37ph. MTT assays were used to evaluate the survival rates of SCLC cells.ResultsOverexpression of Wee1 increases the level of H2BK120ub and alleviates ionizing radiation (IR)‐induced DNA damage in SCLC cells. Moreover, H2BK120ub is a crucial molecule in Wee1‐mediated double‐strain break (DSB) repair in SCLC cells. Mechanisms study indicated that H2BY37ph is involved in Wee1‐mediated H2BK120ub through interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF20–RNF40 complex and upregulates its phosphorylation, mutation of H2BY37 phosphorylation sites attenuated DSB repair and enhanced the sensitivity of IR‐induced SCLC cell death.ConclusionH2BY37ph produces crosstalk with H2BK120ub in an E3 ubiquitin ligase‐dependent manner, promoting Wee1‐mediated DSB repair in SCLC cells. This study clarifies the nonclassical mechanism of Wee1 regulation of DSB repair, which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical understanding of the regulatory network of Wee1 and its use as a target for overcoming multiple types of therapeutic resistance.
The association between marital locus of control and break‐up intentions
Authors: Boto‐García David , Perali Federico 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding couple instability is a topic of social and economic relevance. This paper investigates how the risk of dissolution relates to efforts to solve disagreements. We study whether marital locus of control (a noncognitive trait that captures individual's perception of control over problems within the couple) is associated with the prevalence of relationship instability in the past. We implement a list experiment using the count‐item technique to a sample of current real‐life couples to elicit truthful answers about couple break‐up intentions in the past at the individual level. We find that around 44% of our sample has considered to end their relationship with their current partner at least once in the past. The intention to break‐up is more prevalent among those who score low in marital locus of control, males, low‐income earners, individuals with university studies, and couples without children.
Australian experience of side‐to‐side isoperistaltic stricturoplasty in Crohn's disease
Authors: Petrucci Ryan , Papanikolas Michael , Gilmore Andrew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Michelassi stricturoplasty has demonstrated efficacy for Crohn's disease in European and American series but has not had uptake in Australia. We report the short‐term results of side‐to‐side isoperistaltic stricturoplasty (SSIS) in an Australian Practice.MethodsBetween March 2015 and October 2021 SSIS procedures were performed on Crohn's patients with long segment Crohn's strictures associated with obstructive symptoms, despite best medical therapy. Surgical demographics and results were recorded via inpatient and outpatient follow‐up in a prospective database.ResultsTwenty‐one SSIS performed in 16 patients, nine female, mean age 40 years. Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) was used in 10 patients. The standard Michelassi SSIS used for 11 strictures and a Poggioli variant used for 10. Mean stricture length 32 cm (range 5–100); mean SSIS length 24 cm (range 6–55). Associated bowel resection in seven cases with a mean length of 47 mm. Ten patients had an average of three additional stricturoplasties. Complications included central line sepsis in one, deep surgical site infection in one and superficial wound infection in four patients. Mean duration of operation; 346 min and length of stay 10 days.ConclusionSSIS techniques are safe for the management of long segment stricturing Crohn's disease. Although not widely used in Australia, surgeons should consider the Michelassi stricturoplasty, and its variants, for long Crohn's strictures as they are isoperistaltic whilst avoiding bowel resection and blind pouches.
Description of a new ultrasound sign to distinguish Crohn's anal fistula from cryptoglandular fistula: The rosary sign
Authors: de la Portilla F. , Sojo V. , Vázquez‐Monchul J. M. , Pintor‐Tortolero J. , Dios S. , Reyes‐Díaz M. L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimEndoanal and endorectal ultrasound are essential diagnostic tools for perianal fistula. Recent studies have examined ultrasound signs that help differentiate cryptoglandular anal fistula from perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease. The main aim of this work was to describe a new ultrasound sign for perianal fistula and to evaluate its ability to differentiate Crohn's disease from cryptoglandular anal fistula.MethodThis study included 363 patients (113 women; mean age 46.5 ± 14.3 years). Overall, 287 (79.1%) patients had a cryptoglandular perianal fistula and 76 (20.9%) had fistulizing Crohn's disease. All patients underwent three‐dimensional anal endosonography for perianal fistula. The reading was carried out by two observers.ResultsObserver 1, who was an experienced sonographer and colorectal surgeon, observed the ultrasound sign in 120 patients (33.1%), while observer 2, who was inexperienced, observed it in 129 patients (35.5%). The overall interobserver agreement was 67.22%. The Kappa coefficient measuring interobserver agreement was 0.273 (0.17–0.38). Among those patients with Crohn's disease, 48.68% had the sign and 16% did not (p = 0.001). A logistic regression study showed that the sign was a predictor of Crohn's disease (p = 0.001), with an odds ratio of 2.33 (1.39–3.91). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 38.68%, 71.08%, 30.83%, 83.95% and 66.39%, respectively.ConclusionThis study provides a new ultrasound sign for perianal fistula (the rosary sign) in patients with Crohn's disease. The sign can be used to differentiate Crohn's disease from other types of fistula. This is useful in the management of patients with anal fistula.
A comparison between common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and human infants sheds light on traits proposed to be at the root of human octave equivalence
Authors: Wagner Bernhard , Šlipogor Vedrana , Oh Jinook , Varga Marion , Hoeschele Marisa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo notes separated by a doubling in frequency sound similar to humans. This “octave equivalence” is critical to perception and production of music and speech and occurs early in human development. Because it also occurs cross‐culturally, a biological basis of octave equivalence has been hypothesized. Members of our team previousy suggested four human traits are at the root of this phenomenon: (1) vocal learning, (2) clear octave information in vocal harmonics, (3) differing vocal ranges, and (4) vocalizing together. Using cross‐species studies, we can test how relevant these respective traits are, while controlling for enculturation effects and addressing questions of phylogeny. Common marmosets possess forms of three of the four traits, lacking differing vocal ranges. We tested 11 common marmosets by adapting an established head‐turning paradigm, creating a parallel test to an important infant study. Unlike human infants, marmosets responded similarly to tones shifted by an octave or other intervals. Because previous studies with the same head‐turning paradigm produced differential results to discernable acoustic stimuli in common marmosets, our results suggest that marmosets do not perceive octave equivalence. Our work suggests differing vocal ranges between adults and children and men and women and the way they are used in singing together may be critical to the development of octave equivalence.Research Highlights
A direct comparison of octave equivalence tests with common marmosets and human infants
Marmosets show no octave equivalence
Results emphasize the importance of differing vocal ranges between adults and infants
Precautionary savings and rural‐to‐urban migration: Evidence from Chinese hukou status
Authors: Chen Guowen , DeLoach Stephen B. , Islam T. M. Tonmoy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRural‐to‐urban migrants account for more than one‐third of the total population in China. However, because of China's hukou system, urban migrants can have limited access to different public services in urban areas. Consequently, this can affect their consumption and savings behaviour. However, little is known about how the hukou system changes migrants' allocation of savings across different savings instruments. In this study, we utilize the 2013 round of the Urban and Rural Residents Income Distribution and Living Conditions Survey of China to see if migrants' hukou status affects allocation between short‐term and long‐term assets. Propensity score matching is used to match migrants with migrants who have obtained urban hukou. When comparing the urban migrants having rural hukou with hukou holders who converted their hukou from rural to urban, we find that the migrants hold significantly higher proportions of savings in cash and other short‐term assets. Those who have obtained urban hukou, appear to hold a greater share of their portfolio in long‐term, higher returning assets. The differences in portfolio allocations appear to be larger for migrants with lower household income. We argue that these results are consistent with savings behaviour driven by a precautionary motive.