bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farmers’ first rain: investigating dry season rainfall characteristics in the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Klein Cornelia , Potter Emily R , Zauner Cornelia , Gurgiser Wolfgang , Cruz Encarnación Rolando , Cochachín Rapre Alejo , Maussion Fabien 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the Peruvian Andes, the first light rainfalls towards the end of the dry season in August-September are known as pushpa. Softening soils and improving sowing conditions, these rains are crucial for planting dates and agricultural planning. Yet pushpa remains to date unexplored in the literature. This study uses observations and convection-permitting model simulations to describe the characteristics of pushpa in the Rio Santa valley (Peru). Comparing an observed pushpa case in August 2018 with a dry and wet event of the same season, we find pushpa to coincide with upper-level westerly winds that are otherwise characteristic for dry periods. These conditions impose an upper-level dry layer that favours small-scale, vertically-capped convection, explaining the low rainfall intensities that are reportedly typical for pushpa. Climatologically, we find 83% of pushpa-type events to occur under westerly winds, dominating in August, when 60% of the modelled spatial rainfall extent is linked to pushpa. Larger, more intense deep-convective events gradually increase alongside more easterly winds in September, causing the relative pushpa cloud coverage to drop to ̃20%. We note high inter-annual and -decadal variability in this balance between pushpa and intense convective rainfall types, with the spatial extent of pushpa rainfall being twice as high during 2000-2009 than for the 2010-2018 decade over the key sowing period. This result may explain farmers’ perception in the Rio Santa valley, who recently reported increased challenges due to delayed but more intense pushpa rains before the rainy season start. We thus conclude that the sowing and germination season is crucially affected by the balance of pushpa-type and deep-convective rain, resulting in a higher probability for late first rains to be more intense.
High-harmonic generation in spin and charge current pumping at ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic resonance in the presence of spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Varela-Manjarres Jalil , Nikolić Branislav K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
One of the cornerstone effects in spintronics is spin pumping by dynamical magnetization that is steadily precessing (around, for example, the z-axis) with frequency ω
0 due to absorption of low-power microwaves of frequency ω
0 under the resonance conditions and in the absence of any applied bias voltage. The two-decades-old ‘standard model’ of this effect, based on the scattering theory of adiabatic quantum pumping, predicts that component

I

S
z

of spin current vector

(

I

S
x

(
t
)
,

I

S
y

(
t
)
,

I

S
z

)

∝

ω
0

is time-independent while

I

S
x

(
t
)

and

I

S
y

(
t
)

oscillate harmonically in time with a single frequency ω
0 whereas pumped charge current is zero

I
≡
0

in the same adiabatic

∝

ω
0

limit. Here we employ more general approaches than the ‘standard model’, namely the time-dependent nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) and the Floquet NEGF, to predict unforeseen features of spin pumping: namely precessing localized magnetic moments within a ferromagnetic metal (FM) or antiferromagnetic metal (AFM), whose conduction electrons are exposed to spin–orbit coupling (SOC) of either intrinsic or proximity origin, will pump both spin

I

S
α

(
t
)

and charge I(t) currents. All four of these functions harmonically oscillate in time at both even and odd integer multiples

N

ω
0

of the driving frequency ω
0. The cutoff order of such high harmonics increases with SOC strength, reaching

N

m
a
x

≃
11

in the one-dimensional FM or AFM models chosen for demonstration. A higher cutoff

N

m
a
x

≃
25

can be achieved in realistic two-dimensional (2D) FM models defined on a honeycomb lattice, and we provide a prescription of how to realize them using 2D magnets and their heterostructures.
PRELIMINARY SAFETY, EFFICACY AND PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) RESULTS OF KN026 (A HER2 BISPECIFIC ANTIBODY) MONOTHERAPY IN ADVANCED SOLID TUMOR PATIENTS WITH HER2 EXPRESSION
Authors: Xu Ting , Lv Yuan , Sun Jie , Peng Jianjian , Li Jingqiu , Li Xionghui , Guo Baohong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
KN026 is a novel bispecific antibody and simultaneously binds to two distinct HER2 epitopes which are the same domains as trastuzumab (ECD4) and pertuzumab (ECD2). It showed higher maximal binding than monospecific HER2 antibodies and favors that crosslinking of HER2 receptors could enhance the receptors internalization in preclinical studies. KN026 significantly inhibited the growth of human cancer cell lines and demonstrated obviously antitumor activity against different xenografts models. The encouraging efficacy and manageable safety of KN026 were reported in Chinese cancer patients (pts) with HER2 expression and ph3 study is ongoing in gastric cancer (NCT05427383).

Methods
The late line solid tumor pts with HER2 expression who were refractory to or ineligible for standard therapy were recruited in this phase I dose-escalation study in US (NCT03847168). All pts intravenously received KN026 monotherapy at ascending dose of 10 mg/kg (QW), 20 mg/kg (Q2W) or 30 mg/kg (Q3W). Dose escalation followed standard “3 + 3” design. Expansion was determined by Safety Monitoring Committee (SMC). The primary objectives were to evaluate safety and tolerability of KN026 and determine the MTD and/or RP2D. Safety was evaluated according to CTCAE v 5.0, and efficacy was assessed by RECIST 1.1.

Results
A total of 22 pts with median 4 lines prior treatment were enrolled, including 5 breast cancer pts, 3 gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer pts and 14 other solid tumor pts. 21 pts were included in the efficacy analysis. The median age was 57.0 (47-79), with 8 males and 14 females and most of pts were Caucasian (72.7%). 3, 10 (7 at expansion phase), and 9 (6 at expansion phase) pts were treated at 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 30mg/kg, respectively. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed and MTD wasn’t reached. 20 pts (90.9%) occurred TRAEs and the common (≥20%) TRAEs were diarrhea (45.5%), fatigue (40.9%), chills (36.4%) and nausea (27.3%). Most of TRAE were Gr 1-2, and only 3 pts (13.6%) experienced ≥ Gr3 TRAE (anemia, fatigue and pneumonitis) without treatment discontinuation and death caused by KN026. 4 of 21 pts (1 at 10mg/kg, 2 at 20 mg/kg, 1 at 30mg/kg) achieved objective response (ORR 19.0%, 95% CI: 5.5, 41.9), and DCR was 61.9% (95% CI: 38.4, 81.9). The exposure of KN026 and T1/2 increased with dose escalation. Accumulation ratio of Cmax and AUC was 1.18-1.42 and 1.14-1.71. The concentration of Ctrough was over 20μM at all dose levels. There was only one positive ADA sample in 20 mg/kg group in C1D1. And the RP2D was 20mg/kg Q2W or 30mg/kg Q3W.

Conclusion
KN026 was well tolerated and showed the promising anti-tumor activity in US pts with HER2 expression. Besides, KN026 has well pharmacokinetic profile and favorable immunogenicity.
Wonderful Worlds: Disinterested Engagement and Environmental Aesthetic Appreciation
Authors: Claessens Benjamin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Among the infinitude of nature’s various forms, precisely what should we aesthetically appreciate? And supposing we come to achieve such discernment, how should we properly appreciate the aesthetic qualities we thereby find? To address these questions, Carlson has argued that the aesthetic appreciation of nature ought to be guided by scientific insight. In response, non-cognitivists have levelled criticism and suggested alternatives, yet Carlson’s (2009) scientific cognitivism remains the best-argued approach to nature appreciation in the field. One non-cognitivist position that Carlson rejects—although much too quickly—is Berleant’s (1985)engagement model. The purpose of this paper is to modify and revive that model. Specifically, I will argue that genuine engagement requires a particular form of disinterest. The result is a non-cognitivist approach to the aesthetic appreciation of nature, stronger than the extant alternatives.
Chasing the fitness optimum: temporal variation in the genetic and environmental expression of life-history traits for a perennial plant
Authors: Kulbaba Mason W , Yoko Zebadiah , Hamilton Jill A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
The ability of plants to track shifting fitness optima is crucial within the context of global change, where increasing environmental extremes may have dramatic consequences for life history, fitness, and ultimately population persistence. However, tracking changing conditions relies on the relationship between genetic and environmental variance, where selection may favour plasticity, the evolution of genetic differences, or both depending on the spatial and temporal scale of environmental heterogeneity.

Methods
Over three years, we compared the genetic and environmental components of phenological and life-history variation in a common environment for the spring perennial Geum triflorum. Populations were sourced from alvar habitats that exhibit extreme but predictable annual flood–desiccation cycles and prairie habitats that exhibit similar but less predictable variation in water availability.

Key Results
Heritability was generally higher for early life-history (emergence probability) relative to later life-history traits (total seed mass), indicating that traits associated with establishment are under stronger genetic control relative to later life-history fitness expressions, where plasticity may play a larger role. This pattern was particularly notable in seeds sourced from environmentally extreme but predictable alvar habitats relative to less predictable prairie environments. Fitness landscapes based on seed source origin, largely characterized by varying water availability and flower production, described selection as the degree of maladaptation of seed source environment relative to the prairie common garden environment. Plants from alvar populations were consistently closer to the fitness optimum across all years. Annually, the breadth of the fitness optimum expanded primarily along a moisture gradient, with inclusion of more populations onto the expanding optimum.

Conclusions
These results highlight the importance of temporally and spatially varying selection in life-history evolution, indicating plasticity may become a primary mechanism needed to track fitness for later life-history events within perennial systems.
Hydrolysis-transglycosylation of sucrose and production of β-(2→1)-fructan by inulosucrase from Neobacillus drentensis 57N
Authors: Kido Yusuke , Saburi Wataru , Nagura Taizo , Mori Haruhide 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Inulin, β-(2→1)-fructan, is a beneficial polysaccharide used as a functional food ingredient. Microbial inulosucrases (ISs), catalyzing β-(2→1)-transfructosylation, produce β-(2→1)-fructan from sucrose. In this study, we identified a new IS (NdIS) from the soil isolate, Neobacillus drentensis 57N. Sequence analysis revealed that, like other Bacillaceae ISs, NdIS consists of a glycoside hydrolase family 68 domain and shares most of the 1-kestose-binding residues of the archaeal IS, InuHj. Native and recombinant NdIS were characterized. NdIS is a homotetramer. It does not require calcium for activity. High performance liquid chromatography and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that NdIS catalyzed the hydrolysis and β-(2→1)-transfructosylation of sucrose to synthesize β-(2→1)-fructan with chain lengths of 42 or more residues. The rate dependence on sucrose concentration followed hydrolysis–transglycosylation kinetics, and a 50% transglycosylation ratio was obtained at 344 m m sucrose. These results suggest that transfructosylation from sucrose to β-(2→1)-fructan occurs predominantly to elongate the fructan chain because sucrose is an unfavorable acceptor.
An integrative latent class model of heterogeneous data modalities for diagnosing kidney obstruction
Authors: Jang Jeong Hoon , Chang Changgee , Manatunga Amita K , Taylor Andrew T , Long Qi 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARY
Radionuclide imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of kidney obstruction. However, most practicing radiologists in US hospitals have insufficient time and resources to acquire training and experience needed to interpret radionuclide images, leading to increased diagnostic errors. To tackle this problem, Emory University embarked on a study that aims to develop a computer-assisted diagnostic (CAD) tool for kidney obstruction by mining and analyzing patient data comprised of renogram curves, ordinal expert ratings on the obstruction status, pharmacokinetic variables, and demographic information. The major challenges here are the heterogeneity in data modes and the lack of gold standard for determining kidney obstruction. In this article, we develop a statistically principled CAD tool based on an integrative latent class model that leverages heterogeneous data modalities available for each patient to provide accurate prediction of kidney obstruction. Our integrative model consists of three sub-models (multilevel functional latent factor regression model, probit scalar-on-function regression model, and Gaussian mixture model), each of which is tailored to the specific data mode and depends on the unknown obstruction status (latent class). An efficient MCMC algorithm is developed to train the model and predict kidney obstruction with associated uncertainty. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. An application to an Emory renal study demonstrates the usefulness of our model as a CAD tool for kidney obstruction.
Neural substrate underlying the learning of a passage with unfamiliar vocabulary and syntax
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Xiaosha , Zou Jiajie , Duan Jipeng , Shen Zhuowen , Xu Nannan , Chen Yan , Zhang Jianfeng , He Hongjian , Bi Yanchao , Ding Nai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Speech comprehension is a complex process involving multiple stages, such as decoding of phonetic units, recognizing words, and understanding sentences and passages. In this study, we identify cortical networks beyond basic phonetic processing using a novel passage learning paradigm. Participants learn to comprehend a story composed of syllables of their native language, but containing unfamiliar vocabulary and syntax. Three learning methods are employed, each resulting in some degree of learning within a 12-min learning session. Functional magnetic resonance imaging results reveal that, when listening to the same story, the classic temporal-frontal language network is significantly enhanced by learning. Critically, activation of the left anterior and posterior temporal lobe correlates with the learning outcome that is assessed behaviorally through, e.g. word recognition and passage comprehension tests. This study demonstrates that a brief learning session is sufficient to induce neural plasticity in the left temporal lobe, which underlies the transformation from phonetic units to the units of meaning, such as words and sentences.
Mapping between cognitive theories and psycho-physiological models of attention system performance
Authors: Guidetti Oliver A , Speelman Craig P , Bouhlas Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Declines in the capacity to sustain attention to repetitive, monotonous tasks is a phenomenon known as vigilance decrement (Endsley M, Kiris E. The out-of-the-loop performance problem and level of control in automation. 1995. Hum Factors. 37:32–64). This review compares cognitive theories with psycho-physiological models of vigilance decrement, and a gap is identified in mapping between the 2. That is, theories of vigilance decrement refer to “cognitive” resources; by contrast, psychophysiological models of the cerebral systems associated with attention explain performance functions according to neurochemical resources. A map does not currently exist in the literature that bridges the gap between cognitive theories of vigilance decrement and psychophysiological models of the human attention system. The link between “cognitive resource” theories of vigilance decrement and the psychophysiological models of attention performance is a gap in the literature that this review fills. This comprehensive review provides an expanded psychophysiological understanding of vigilance decrement that could help inform the management of declines in sustained attention capacity in operational settings. In addition, elucidating the link between cognitive theories of vigilance decrement and psychophysiological models of the human attention system might be used to treat and better understand pathologies such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Mass Tuberculosis Screening Among the Elderly: A Population-Based Study in a Well-Confined, Rural County in Eastern China
Authors: Hu Zhengfang , Liu Kui , Zhou Meng , Jiang Xineng , Feng Yaling , Yu Zhicheng , Li Yuhao , Chen Songhua , Wu Qian , Wang Wei , Horsburgh C Robert , Zhang Yu , Zhou Lin , Chen Bin , Hu Chonggao , Martinez Leonardo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMass tuberculosis (TB) screening has been recommended in certain high-risk populations. However, population-based screening interventions have rarely been implemented. Whether mass screening improves health equity is unknown.MethodsWe implemented a mass TB screening intervention among elderly persons (&gt;60 years old) in Lanxi County, China. Standardized questionnaires, physical examinations, and chest radiographs (CXRs) were administered to all participants. Systematic testing with computed tomography, smear, culture, or Xpert was performed among persons with an abnormal CXR. We assessed TB prevalence per 100 000 persons and constructed multivariable regression models among subgroups that were and were not screened. Medical insurance was categorized as participation in either a basic program with limited coverage or a more comprehensive coverage program.ResultsIn total, 49 339 individuals (32% of the elderly population in Lanxi) participated in the screening. One hundred fifteen screened persons were diagnosed with TB (233 cases per 100 000 persons), significantly higher than persons not screened (168 cases among 103 979 person-years; prevalence-to-case notification ratio, 1.44 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.14–1.83]). This increase was largely driven by diagnosis of asymptomatic disease during mass screening (n = 57 [50% of participants with TB]). Participants with basic medical insurance were much more likely to be diagnosed through mass screening than by passive detection (adjusted odds ratio, 4.52 [95% CI, 1.35–21.28]).ConclusionsIn a population-based, mass TB screening intervention encompassing &gt;30% of the elderly population in a county in rural China, case finding was 44% higher than background detection, driven by diagnosis of TB without recognized symptoms. Importantly, mass screening identified TB in people with limited healthcare options who were less likely to be found through background case detection.
Bringing freedom back to developmentalism: industrialisation as national independence
Authors: Ahumada José Miguel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Why is developmentalism as an economic school aimed at the industrialisation of peripheral nations? Based on a reading of key authors from both the ‘American System of political economy’ of the 19th century and the Latin American structuralist and dependency schools of the 20th century, this article suggests that the answer lies, not in an economic, but in a political dimension: to ensure the material basis for national freedom. To sustain this hypothesis, the article argues that there is a common implicit conception of freedom shared by Alexander Hamilton, Henry Carey and Friedrich List, on the side of the American school, and Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Raúl Prebisch, Celso Furtado and Osvaldo Sunkel, from the Latin American school. This conception is heir to the idea of Machiavelli’s Free State, its core is the notion of liberty as non-dependency and collective autonomy and identifies in industrialisation the way for a periphery to be able to live without depending on the arbitrary will of foreign powers. This definition differs from both the liberal and capability conceptions of freedom and allows for the identification of forms of domination that occur between nations and through the global market that requires the peripheries to erect autonomous collective productive capabilities for their overcoming.
Cardiovascular outcomes in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Galimzhanov Akhmetzhan , Istanbuly Sedralmontaha , Tun Han Naung , Ozbay Benay , Alasnag Mirvat , Ky Bonnie , Lyon Alexander R , Kayikcioglu Meral , Tenekecioglu Erhan , Panagioti Maria , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Abdel-Qadir Husam , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
It is unclear whether the future risk of cardiovascular events in breast cancer (Bc) survivors is greater than in the general population. This meta-analysis quantifies the risk of cardiovascular disease development in Bc patients, compared to the risk in a general matched cancer-free population, and reports the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with Bc.

Methods and results
We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases (up to 23 March 2022) for observational studies and post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials. Cardiovascular death, heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke were the individual endpoints for our meta-analysis. We pooled incidence rates (IRs) and risk in hazard ratios (HRs), using random-effects meta-analyses. Heterogeneity was reported through the I2 statistic, and publication bias was examined using funnel plots and Egger’s test in the meta-analysis of risk. One hundred and forty-two studies were identified in total, 26 (836 301 patients) relevant to the relative risk and 116 (2 111 882 patients) relevant to IRs. Compared to matched cancer-free controls, Bc patients had higher risk for cardiovascular death within 5 years of cancer diagnosis [HR = 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.11], HF within 10 years (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.33), and AF within 3 years (HR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.21). The pooled IR for cardiovascular death was 1.73 (95% CI 1.18, 2.53), 4.44 (95% CI 3.33, 5.92) for HF, 4.29 (95% CI 3.09, 5.94) for CAD, 1.98 (95% CI 1.24, 3.16) for MI, 4.33 (95% CI 2.97, 6.30) for stroke of any type, and 2.64 (95% CI 2.97, 6.30) for ischaemic stroke.

Conclusion
Breast cancer exposure was associated with the increased risk for cardiovascular death, HF, and AF. The pooled incidence for cardiovascular endpoints varied depending on population characteristics and endpoint studied.

Registration
CRD42022298741.