bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of gas/air tamponade on refractive outcomes after flanged intrascleral intraocular lens fixation
Authors: Tanaka Yui , Inoue Tatsuya , Mohamed Shaheeda , Yamaguchi Takefumi , Iwashita Yume , Hirono Kazushi , Nakamura Kentaro , Asaoka Ryo , Kobayashi Shinobu , Yamane Shin , Yanagi Yasuo , Maruyama-Inoue Maiko , Kadonosono Kazuaki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The current study aims to investigate the postoperative refractive outcomes in eyes that underwent the flanged intrascleral IOL fixation combined with vitrectomy with or without gas/air tamponade.

Methods:
We divided the eyes into two groups (Group A; eyes that underwent flanged intrascleral IOL fixation with gas/air tamponade, Group B; eyes that underwent flanged intrascleral IOL fixation without gas/air tamponade). The predicted spherical equivalent (SE) refraction values were calculated using the SRK/T formula. Then, the prediction error (PE) was calculated by subtracting the predicted SE refraction from the postoperative objective SE refraction and the absolute prediction error (AE) was calculated as the absolute value of the PE for each eye.

Results:
A total of 68 eyes were included in the current study. There was a significant correlation between the predicted and postoperative SE refraction in both groups (Group A, r = 0.968, p<0.0001, Group B, r = 0.943, p<0.0001, linear regression analysis). The PE demonstrated a mild myopic shift after the flanged intrascleral IOL fixation in both groups (Group A, -0.40 ± 0.96 D, Group B, -0.59 ± 0.95 D). There was no significant difference in PE and AE between the two groups (p=0.44, p=0.70, Wilcoxon rank sum test).

Conclusion:
The postoperative SE refraction after flanged intrascleral IOL fixation was not influenced by gas/air tamponade.
Influence of CX3CR1 Deletion on Cochlear Hair Cell Survival and Macrophage Expression in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Schiel Viktoria , Xia Anping , Santa Maria Peter L. 
Published: June 2023

Objective
Our objective was to determine whether the receptor CX3CR1 is necessary for the recruitment of macrophages to the cochlea in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and if its deletion can prevent hair cell loss in CSOM.

Background
CSOM is a neglected disease that afflicts 330 million people worldwide and is the most common cause of permanent hearing loss among children in the developing world. It is characterized by a chronically discharging infected middle ear. We have previously demonstrated that CSOM causes macrophage associated sensory hearing loss. The receptor CX3CR1 is expressed on macrophages, which have been shown to be increased at the time point of outer hair cell (OHC) loss in CSOM.

Methods
In this report, we examine the influence of CX3CR1 deletion (CX3CR1−/−) in a validated model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) CSOM.

Results
The data show no difference in OHC loss between the CX3CR1−/− CSOM group and CX3CR1+/+ CSOM group (p = 0.28). We observed partial OHC loss in the cochlear basal turn, no OHC loss in the middle and apical turns in both CX3CR1−/− and CX3CR1+/+ CSOM mice at 14 days after bacterial inoculation. No inner hair cell (IHC) loss was found in all cochlear turns in all groups. We also counted F4/80 labeled macrophages in the spiral ganglion, spiral ligament, stria vascularis and spiral limbus of the basal, middle, and apical turn in cryosections. We did not find a significant difference in the total number of cochlear macrophages between CX3CR1−/− mice and CX3CR1+/+ mice (p = 0.97).

Conclusion
The data did not support a role for CX3CR1 macrophage associated HC loss in CSOM.
Quantification of Fat Graft Retention in the Translabyrinthine Approach Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volumetric Analysis
Authors: Vesole Adam S. , Shapiro Scott B. , Samy Ravi N. , Pensak Myles L. , Breen Joseph T. 
Published: June 2023

Objective
To characterize the viability and volume of autologous free fat grafts over time, determine clinical/patient factors that may affect free fat graft survival and assess the clinical impact of free fat graft survival on patient outcomes in the translabyrinthine approach for lateral skull base tumor resection.

Study Design
Retrospective chart review.

Setting
Tertiary neurotologic referral center.

Patients
Forty-two adult patients who underwent translabyrinthine craniotomy for resection of a lateral skull base tumor with the mastoid defect filled by autologous abdominal fat graft and subsequently underwent more than one postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain.

Intervention(s)
Mastoid obliteration with abdominal fat after craniotomy, postoperative MRI

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Rate of fat graft volume loss, fraction retention of original fat graft volume, initial fat graft volume, time to steady-state fat graft retention, rate of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and/or pseudomeningocele formation.

Results
Patients were followed postoperatively with MRI for a mean of 31.6 months with a mean of 3.2 postoperative MRIs per patient. Initial graft size was a mean of 18.7 cm3 with a steady-state fat graft retention of 35.5%. Steady-state graft retention (<5% loss per year) was achieved at a mean of 24.96 months postoperatively. No significant association was found in multivariate regression analysis of clinical factors impact on fat graft retention and CSF leak/pseudomeningocele formation.

Conclusions
In the use of autologous abdominal free fat graft for filling mastoid defects after translabyrinthine craniotomy, there is a logarithmic decline in fat graft volume over time, reaching steady state in 2 years. Rates of CSF leak or pseudomeningocele formation were not significantly affected by initial volume of the fat graft, rate of fat graft resorption, nor the fraction of original fat graft volume at steady state. In addition, no analyzed clinical factors significantly influenced fat graft retention over time.
Acute Disorders of Consciousness in Pediatric Severe Sepsis and Organ Failure: Secondary Analysis of the Multicenter Phenotyping Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Failure Study*
Authors: Cheung Christina , Kernan Kate F. , Berg Robert A. , Zuppa Athena F. , Notterman Daniel A. , Pollack Murray M. , Wessel David , Meert Kathleen L. , Hall Mark W. , Newth Christopher , Lin John C. , Doctor Allan , Shanley Tom , Cornell Tim , Harrison Rick E. , Banks Russell K. , Reeder Ron W. , Holubkov Richard , Carcillo Joseph A. , Fink Ericka L. ,   on behalf of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Acute disorders of consciousness (DoC) in pediatric severe sepsis are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We sought to examine the frequency of and factors associated with DoC in children with sepsis-induced organ failure.

DESIGN:
Secondary analysis of the multicenter Phenotyping Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Failure Study (PHENOMS).

SETTING:
Nine tertiary care PICUs in the United States.

PATIENTS:
Children less than 18 years old admitted to a PICU with severe sepsis and at least one organ failure during a PICU stay.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary outcome was frequency of DoC, defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) less than 12 in the absence of sedatives during an ICU stay, among children with severe sepsis and the following: single organ failure, nonphenotypeable multiple organ failure (MOF), MOF with one of the PHENOMS phenotypes (immunoparalysis-associated MOF [IPMOF], sequential liver failure-associated MOF, thrombocytopenia-associated MOF), or MOF with multiple phenotypes. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between clinical variables and organ failure groups with DoC. Of 401 children studied, 71 (18%) presented with DoC. Children presenting with DoC were older (median 8 vs 5 yr; p = 0.023), had increased hospital mortality (21% vs 10%; p = 0.011), and more frequently presented with both any MOF (93% vs 71%; p < 0.001) and macrophage activation syndrome (14% vs 4%; p = 0.004). Among children with any MOF, those presenting with DoC most frequently had nonphenotypeable MOF and IPMOF (52% and 34%, respectively). In the multivariable analysis, older age (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12) and any MOF (3.22 [1.19–8.70]) were associated with DoC.

CONCLUSIONS:
One of every five children with severe sepsis and organ failure experienced acute DoC during their PICU stay. Preliminary findings suggest the need for prospective evaluation of DoC in children with sepsis and MOF.
A quantitative analysis of optimum design for rigid ankle foot orthoses: The effect of thickness and reinforcement design on stiffness
Authors: Chatzistergos Panagiotis E. , Eddison Nicola , Ganniari-Papageorgiou Evangelia , Chockalingam Nachiappan 
Published: June 2023

Background:
An ankle foot orthosis (AFO) which is prescribed to be rigid should only deform a small amount to achieve its clinical goals. Material thickness and the design of reinforcing features can significantly affect AFO rigidity, but their selection remains based on anecdotal evidence.

Objectives:
To quantify the effect of these parameters on AFO stiffness and to set the basis for quantitative guidelines for the design optimisation of rigid AFOs.

Study design:
Experimental and computational study.

Methods:
A polypropylene AFO was produced according to UK standard practice and its stiffness was experimentally measured for 30Nm of dorsiflexion. Its geometry and mechanical characteristics were utilised to create a finite element (FE) model of a typical AFO prescribed to be rigid. Following validation, the model was used to quantify the effect of material thickness and reinforcement design (i.e., reinforcement placement, length) on stiffness. A final set of AFO samples was produced to experimentally confirm key findings.

Results and conclusions:
For a specific AFO geometry and loading magnitude, there is a thickness threshold below which the AFO cannot effectively resist flexion and buckles. FE modelling showed that stiffness is maximised when reinforcements are placed at the anterior-most position possible. This key finding was also experimentally confirmed. The stiffness of an AFO reinforced according to standard practice with lateral and medial ribbing was 4.4 ± 0.1 Nm/degree. Instructing the orthotic technician to move the ribbings anteriorly increased stiffness by 22%. Further stiffening is achieved by ensuring the reinforcements extend from the footplate to at least two-thirds of the AFO's total height.
Transcriptome analysis of hepatic injury caused by delayed resuscitation following severe burns in rats
Authors: Liu Zhaoxing , Li Dawei , Yang Jianqiu , Liu Xinzhu , Zhang Bohan , Zang Yu , Zhang Wen , Song Yaoyao , Niu Yuezeng , Shen Chuanan 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Delayed resuscitation (DR) can induce hepatic reperfusion injury after severe burns. The underlying molecular mechanisms of DR-induced hepatic injury remain unidentified. This study sought to predict candidate genes and molecular pathways in a DR-induced hepatic injury preclinical model.

METHODS
Rats were randomized into three groups: the sham injury (Sham) group; the DR group, which had third-degree burns covering 30% of the body surface area and DR; and the early resuscitation (ER) group, in which ER was administered. The liver tissue was harvested for the purpose of evaluating hepatic injury and performing transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for DR versus Sham and ER versus DR were analyzed respectively. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were used. The DEGs and critical module genes were intersected to obtain critical genes. Immune infiltration and competing endogenous RNA networks were also analyzed. Validation was conducted using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS
Hepatic injury was evident in DR rats. There were 2,430 DEGs between DR and Sham and 261 DEGs between ER and DR. Differentially expressed genes were mostly enriched in metabolic process for DR versus Sham, and immune and inflammatory processes for ER versus DR. Four critical genes (Tff3, C1galt1, Cd48, and MGC105649) were obtained by screening. Five immune cells were significantly different between DR and Sham, and seven immune cells were significantly different between ER and DR in immunoassays. Three critical genes, 75 miRNAs, 7 lncRNAs, and 197 edges constituted the mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA linkages, which included C1galt1-rno-miR-330-5p-Pvt1, among others.

CONCLUSION
This is the first attempt to perform a high-throughput analysis of gene expression profiles in DR-induced hepatic injury. It shows that immunity and inflammation-related RNAs and pathways play an important role in the progression of hepatic injury. It also provides insight into some important RNAs and regulatory targets related to disease.
Prolonging the therapeutic window for valproic acid treatment in a swine model of traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Jin Guang , Ho Jessie W. , Keeney-Bonthrone Toby Philip , Pai Manjunath P. , Wen Bo , Ober Rebecca Ariel , Dimonte Deanna , Chtraklin Kiril , Joaquin Theodore Alan , Latif Zoya , Vercruysse Claire , Alam Hasan B. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
It has previously been shown that administration of valproic acid (VPA) can improve outcomes if given within an hour following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This short therapeutic window (TW) limits its use in real-life situations. Based upon its pharmacokinetic data, we hypothesized that TW can be extended to 3 hours if a second dose of VPA is given 8 hours after the initial dose.

METHOD
Yorkshire swine (40–45 kg; n = 10) were subjected to TBI (controlled cortical impact) and 40% blood volume hemorrhage. After 2 hours of shock, they were randomized to either (1) normal saline resuscitation (control) or (2) normal saline–VPA (150 mg/kg × two doses). First dose of VPA was started 3 hours after the TBI, with a second dose 8 hours after the first dose. Neurologic severity scores (range, 0–36) were assessed daily for 14 days, and brain lesion size was measured via magnetic resonance imaging on postinjury day 3.

RESULTS
Hemodynamic and laboratory parameters of shock were similar in both groups. Valproic acid–treated animals had significantly less neurologic impairment on days 2 (16.3 ± 2.0 vs. 7.3 ± 2.8) and 3 (10.9 ± 3.6 vs. 2.8 ± 1.1) postinjury and returned to baseline levels 54% faster. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no differences in brain lesion size on day 3. Pharmacokinetic data confirmed neuroprotective levels of VPA in the circulation.

CONCLUSION
This is the first study to demonstrate that VPA can be neuroprotective even when given 3 hours after TBI. This expanded TW has significant implications for the design of the clinical trial.
Precision Automated Critical Care Management: Closed-loop critical care for the treatment of distributive shock in a swine model of ischemia-reperfusion
Authors: Ganapathy Aravindh S. , Patel Nathan T.P. , Wiley Aidan P. , Lane Magan R. , Jordan James E. , Johnson M. Austin , Adams Jason Y. , Neff Lucas P. , Williams Timothy K. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Goal-directed blood pressure management in the intensive care unit can improve trauma outcomes but is labor-intensive. Automated critical care systems can deliver scaled interventions to avoid excessive fluid or vasopressor administration. We compared a first-generation automated drug and fluid delivery platform, Precision Automated Critical Care Management (PACC-MAN), to a more refined algorithm, incorporating additional physiologic inputs and therapeutics. We hypothesized that the enhanced algorithm would achieve equivalent resuscitation endpoints with less crystalloid utilization in the setting of distributive shock.

METHODS
Twelve swine underwent 30% hemorrhage and 30 minutes of aortic occlusion to induce an ischemia-reperfusion injury and distributive shock state. Next, animals were transfused to euvolemia and randomized into a standardized critical care (SCC) of PACC-MAN or an enhanced version (SCC+) for 4.25 hours. SCC+ incorporated lactate and urine output to assess global response to resuscitation and added vasopressin as an adjunct to norepinephrine at certain thresholds. Primary and secondary outcomes were decreased crystalloid administration and time at goal blood pressure, respectively.

RESULTS
Weight-based fluid bolus volume was lower in SCC+ compared with SCC (26.9 mL/kg vs. 67.5 mL/kg, p = 0.02). Cumulative norepinephrine dose required was not significantly different (SCC+: 26.9 μg/kg vs. SCC: 13.76 μg/kg, p = 0.24). Three of 6 animals (50%) in SCC+ triggered vasopressin as an adjunct. Percent time spent between 60 mm Hg and 70 mm Hg, terminal creatinine and lactate, and weight-adjusted cumulative urine output were equivalent.

CONCLUSION
Refinement of the PACC-MAN algorithm decreased crystalloid administration without sacrificing time in normotension, reducing urine output, increasing vasopressor support, or elevating biomarkers of organ damage. Iterative improvements in automated critical care systems to achieve target hemodynamics in a distributive-shock model are feasible.
Damage-control resuscitation in pediatric trauma: What you need to know
Authors: Russell Robert T. , Leeper Christine M. , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Damage-control resuscitation (DCR) consists of rapid control of bleeding, avoidance of hemodilution, acidosis, and hypothermia; early empiric balanced transfusions with red blood cells, plasma and platelets, or whole blood when available, and the use of intravenous or mechanical hemostatic adjuncts when indicated. The principles used in pediatric and adult trauma patients are quite similar. There are very important recognized physiologic differences in children with traumatic hemorrhagic shock that warrant slight variations in DCR. In pediatric trauma patients, early physiologic signs of shock may be different from adults and the early recognition of this is critical to enable prompt resuscitation and utilization of damage control principles. This review details the current principles of pediatric DCR based on the best available literature, expert consensus recommendations, and also describes a practical guide for implementation of DCR strategies for pediatric trauma patients.
HNF4α regulates acyl chain remodeling and ether lipid accumulation in hepatic steatosis
Authors: Von Bank Helaina , Geoghegan Gisela , Jain Raghav , Kotulkar Manasi , Hurtado-Thiele Mae , Gonzalez Paula , Kirsh Charlie , Chevalier Autumn , Huck Ian , Scheuler Kathryn , Attie Alan , Keller Mark , Apte Udayan , Simcox Judith 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is an established transcriptional master regulator of differentiation, maintenance, and metabolism. Polymorphisms in HNF4α are linked to several diseases in humans including diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Identifying novel regulation of lipid metabolism by HNF4α would inform on NAFLD development and progression. We directly assessed HNF4α activity through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing and integration of untargeted lipidomics. Direct regulation by HNF4α can be difficult to assess due to the role of HNF4α in liver homeostasis; to rapidly disrupt activity, mice were exposed to cold stress which induces hepatic steatosis in several hours. Cold exposure shifted HNF4α activity with differential genome occupancy of more than 50% of HNF4α binding sites. Focusing on HNF4α binding to promoter with active transcription determined that HNF4α directly regulates fatty acid desaturation, ether lipid synthesis, and peroxisomal biogenesis in response to cold exposure. Integration of lipidomics found that cold exposure increases the very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of the hepatic lipid pool, including ether lipids, in an HNF4α dependent manner. Because portions of ether lipid synthesis are in the peroxisome and peroxisomal biogenesis is directly HNF4α regulated, we analyzed peroxisomal abundance and found increases with cold exposure that are ablated with loss of HNF4α. This peroxisomal regulation was independent of PPARα— a known regulator of peroxisomes and lipid metabolism—since loss of HNF4α was not rescued by PPARα overexpression. These data determined that regulation of hepatic steatosis by HNF4α is more complex than triglyceride accumulation and includes acyl chain modifications, ether lipid synthesis, and peroxisomal oxidation.
Can higher aggressiveness effectively compensate for a virulence deficiency in plant pathogen? A case study ofPuccinia triticina’s fitness evolution in a diversified varietal landscape
Authors: Fontyn Cécilia , Meyer Kevin JG , Boixel Anne-Lise , Picard Corentin , Destanque Adrien , Marcel Thierry C , Suffert Frédéric , Goyeau Henriette 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPlant resistances impose strong selective pressure on plant pathogen populations through the deployment of resistance genes, which leads to the emergence of new virulences. The pathogen adaptation also involves other parasitic fitness traits, especially aggressiveness components. A previous study on Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, revealed that the distribution frequency of virulences in the French pathogen population cannot be fully explained by the major resistance genes deployed in the landscape. From 2012 to 2015, two dominant pathotypes (distinguished by their combination of virulences) were equally frequent despite the theoretical advantage conferred to one pathotype (166 317 0) by its virulence to Lr3, frequent in the cultivated landscape, whereas the other (106 314 0) is avirulent to this gene. To explain this apparent contradiction, we assessed three components of aggressiveness — infection efficiency, latency period and sporulation capacity — for 23 isolates representative of the most frequent genotype within each pathotype (106 314 0-G2 and 166 317 0-G1, identified by their combination of microsatellite markers). We tested these isolates on seedlings of Michigan Amber, a ‘naive’ wheat cultivar that has never been grown in the landscape, Apache, a ’neutral‘ cultivar with no selection effect on the landscape-pathotype pattern, and several cultivars that were frequently grown. We found that 106 314 0-G2 was more aggressive than 166 317 0-G1, with a consistency for the three components of aggressiveness. Our results show that aggressiveness plays a significant role in driving evolution in pathogen populations by acting as a selective advantage, even offsetting the disadvantage of lacking virulence towards a major Lr gene. Higher aggressiveness represents a competitive advantage that is likely even more pronounced when exhibited at the landscape scale as the expression of its multiple components is amplified by the polycyclic nature of epidemics.