bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Properties and Refractive Index of Wintertime Aerosol at a Highly Polluted North‐Indian Site
Authors: Kapoor Taveen Singh , Phuleria Harish C. , Sumlin Benjamin , Shetty Nishit , Anurag Gupta , Bansal Mahak , Duhan Sandeep Singh , Khan Mohd Shahzar , Laura Jitender Singh , Manwani Pooja , Chakrabarty Rajan K. , Venkataraman Chandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEstimation of aerosol radiative forcing continues to suffer from large uncertainties, partially from a lack of observations of aerosol optical properties. Limited measurements of the atmospheric aerosol imaginary refractive index (iRI) have been made, especially in some of the world's most polluted regions. In this study, we measured aerosol optical and micro‐physical properties at a regional site, Rohtak, India, representative of polluted cities in the Indo‐Gangetic plains in northern India. The average PM2.5 measured during the campaign was 163 μg/m3 with a single‐scatter albedo of 0.7, indicating the presence of strongly absorbing aerosol components. Measurements of aerosol absorption, scattering, and particle number size distributions were used to estimate the effective refractive index using an established Mie inversion technique. The calculated iRI was spectrally invariant in the visible region with values ranging between 0.076 and 0.145. Brown carbon absorption, estimated using an existing Mie optimization method, ranged 34–88 Mm−1, with strongly absorbing mass absorption cross‐sections (∼1.9 m2/g). Higher iRI were observed during periods with higher brown carbon absorption, which are likely directly emitted from combustion sources. Low volatility organic carbon fractions dominated during these periods, with likely persistence of atmospheric absorption. The iRI values are at the upper end of previously reported ranges of urban aerosol iRI. In a sensitivity analysis to measured parameters, the absorption had the dominant effect on estimated iRI. Measured single scatter albedos, were lower than those from climate model simulations over the region, demonstrating the need for intrinsic property measurements to evaluate and constrain climate models.
Disentangling the role of NAc D1 and D2 cells in hedonic eating
Authors: Guillaumin Mathilde C. C. , Viskaitis Paulius , Bracey Eva , Burdakov Denis , Peleg-Raibstein Daria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOvereating is driven by both the hedonic component (‘liking’) of food, and the motivation (‘wanting’) to eat it. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key brain center implicated in these processes, but how distinct NAc cell populations encode ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ to shape overconsumption remains unclear. Here, we probed the roles of NAc D1 and D2 cells in these processes using cell-specific recording and optogenetic manipulation in diverse behavioral paradigms that disentangle reward traits of ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ related to food choice and overeating in healthy mice. Medial NAc shell D2 cells encoded experience-dependent development of ‘liking’, while D1 cells encoded innate ‘liking’ during the first food taste. Optogenetic control confirmed causal links of D1 and D2 cells to these aspects of ‘liking’. In relation to ‘wanting’, D1 and D2 cells encoded and promoted distinct aspects of food approach: D1 cells interpreted food cues while D2 cells also sustained food-visit-length that facilitates consumption. Finally, at the level of food choice, D1, but not D2, cell activity was sufficient to switch food preference, programming subsequent long-lasting overconsumption. By revealing complementary roles of D1 and D2 cells in consumption, these findings assign neural bases to ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ in a unifying framework of D1 and D2 cell activity.
HMGB1 neuroimmune signaling and REST-G9a gene repression contribute to ethanol-induced reversible suppression of the cholinergic neuron phenotype
Authors: Crews Fulton T. , Fisher Rachael P. , Qin Liya , Vetreno Ryan P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdolescent binge drinking increases Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), the endogenous TLR4/RAGE agonist high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and proinflammatory neuroimmune signaling in the adult basal forebrain in association with persistent reductions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs). In vivo preclinical adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) studies find anti-inflammatory interventions post-AIE reverse HMGB1-TLR4/RAGE neuroimmune signaling and loss of BFCNs in adulthood, suggesting proinflammatory signaling causes epigenetic repression of the cholinergic neuron phenotype. Reversible loss of BFCN phenotype in vivo is linked to increased repressive histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) occupancy at cholinergic gene promoters, and HMGB1-TLR4/RAGE proinflammatory signaling is linked to epigenetic repression of the cholinergic phenotype. Using an ex vivo basal forebrain slice culture (FSC) model, we report EtOH recapitulates the in vivo AIE-induced loss of ChAT+IR BFCNs, somal shrinkage of the remaining ChAT+ neurons, and reduction of BFCN phenotype genes. Targeted inhibition of EtOH-induced proinflammatory HMGB1 blocked ChAT+IR loss while disulfide HMBG1-TLR4 and fully reduced HMGB1-RAGE signaling decreased ChAT+IR BFCNs. EtOH increased expression of the transcriptional repressor RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) and the H3K9 methyltransferase G9a that was accompanied by increased repressive H3K9me2 and REST occupancy at promoter regions of the BFCN phenotype genes Chat and Trka as well as the lineage transcription factor Lhx8. REST expression was similarly increased in the post-mortem human basal forebrain of individuals with alcohol use disorder, which is negatively correlated with ChAT expression. Administration of REST siRNA and the G9a inhibitor UNC0642 blocked and reversed the EtOH-induced loss of ChAT+IR BFCNs, directly linking REST-G9a transcriptional repression to suppression of the cholinergic neuron phenotype. These data suggest that EtOH induces a novel neuroplastic process involving neuroimmune signaling and transcriptional epigenetic gene repression resulting in the reversible suppression of the cholinergic neuron phenotype.
Genome-wide CRISPR screening reveals ADCK3 as a key regulator in sensitizing endometrial carcinoma cells to MPA therapy
Authors: Zhang Zijing , Zhang Meng , Zhou Jingyi , Wang Donglai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The effectiveness of conservative treatment of endometrial carcinoma (EC) with oral progesterone therapy, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), can be blunted due to primary or acquired resistance, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined.

Methods
Genome-wide CRISPR screening was performed to identify potential regulators in response to MPA in Ishikawa cells. Crystal violet staining, RT–qPCR, western blotting, ChIP–qPCR and luciferase assays were employed to elucidate the p53-AarF domain-containing kinase 3 (ADCK3) regulatory axis and its roles in sensitizing EC cells to MPA treatment.

Results
ADCK3 is identified as a previously unrecognized regulator in response to MPA in EC cells. Loss of ADCK3 in EC cells markedly alleviated MPA-induced cell death. Mechanistically, loss of ADCK3 primarily suppresses MPA-mediated ferroptosis by abrogating arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) transcriptional activation. Moreover, we validated ADCK3 as a direct downstream target of the tumor suppressor p53 in EC cells. By stimulating the p53-ADCK3 axis, the small-molecule compound Nutlin3A synergized with MPA to efficiently inhibit EC cell growth.

Conclusions
Our findings reveal ADCK3 as a key regulator of EC cells in response to MPA and shed light on a potential strategy for conservative EC treatment by activating the p53-ADCK3 axis to sensitize MPA-mediated cell death.
E3 ligase HECTD3 promotes RNA virus replication and virus-induced inflammation via K33-linked polyubiquitination of PKR
Authors: Huang Jiaying , Yu Zhou , Li Xuelian , Yang Mingjin , Fang Qian , Li Zheng , Wang Chunmei , Chen Taoyong , Cao Xuetao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUncontrolled viral replication and excessive inflammation are the main causes of death in the host infected with virus. Hence inhibition of intracellular viral replication and production of innate cytokines, which are the key strategies of hosts to fight virus infections, need to be finely tuned to eliminate viruses while avoid harmful inflammation. The E3 ligases in regulating virus replication and subsequent innate cytokines production remain to be fully characterized. Here we report that the deficiency of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HECTD3 results in accelerated RNA virus clearance and reduced inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HECTD3 interacts with dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) and mediates Lys33-linkage of PKR, which is the first non-proteolytic ubiquitin modification for PKR. This process disrupts the dimerization and phosphorylation of PKR and subsequent EIF2α activation, which results in the acceleration of virus replication, but promotes the formation of PKR-IKK complex and subsequent inflammatory response. The finding suggests HECTD3 is the potential therapeutic target for simultaneously restraining RNA virus replication and virus-induced inflammation once pharmacologically inhibited.
The clinical performance of bulk-fill versus the incremental layered application of direct resin composite restorations: a systematic review
Authors: Sengupta Arjita , Naka Olga , Mehta Shamir B. , Banerji Subir 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To systematically review the scientific evidence comparing the clinical effectiveness of bulk-fill versus incrementally layered conventional resin composites and to evaluate if one method offers clear merits with specific clinical outcomes.

Materials and methods
Using relevant mesh terms and pre-established eligibility criteria in PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science, a thorough scientific search was conducted with an end-date of 30.04.2023. Randomized controlled clinical trials that involved the direct comparison of Class I and Class II resin composite restorations applied using incremental layering techniques versus bulk-filled in permanent teeth with an observation period of at least six months were considered. To evaluate the bias risk of the finalized records, a revised version of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was implemented.

Results
Out of the 1445 records determined, 18 eligible reports were chosen for qualitative analysis. Data obtained was categorized as per, the cavity design, the intervention, the comparator(s), the methods of success/failure assessment, the outcomes, and follow-up. Two studies demonstrated an overall low-risk of bias, fourteen studies raised some concerns, and two studies exhibited high-risk.

Conclusion
Bulk filled resin composite restorations demonstrated clinical outcomes similar to those of incrementally layered resin composite restorations within a review interval of 6 months to 10 years.
Pattern recognition in reciprocal space with a magnon-scattering reservoir
Authors: Körber Lukas , Heins Christopher , Hula Tobias , Kim Joo-Von , Thlang Sonia , Schultheiss Helmut , Fassbender Jürgen , Schultheiss Katrin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMagnons are elementary excitations in magnetic materials and undergo nonlinear multimode scattering processes at large input powers. In experiments and simulations, we show that the interaction between magnon modes of a confined magnetic vortex can be harnessed for pattern recognition. We study the magnetic response to signals comprising sine wave pulses with frequencies corresponding to radial mode excitations. Three-magnon scattering results in the excitation of different azimuthal modes, whose amplitudes depend strongly on the input sequences. We show that recognition rates as high as 99.4% can be attained for four-symbol sequences using the scattered modes, with strong performance maintained with the presence of amplitude noise in the inputs.
T cell receptor signaling strength establishes the chemotactic properties of effector CD8+ T cells that control tissue-residency
Authors: Abdelbary Mahmoud , Hobbs Samuel J. , Gibbs James S. , Yewdell Jonathan W. , Nolz Jeffrey C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+T cells are largely derived from recently activated effector T cells, but the mechanisms that control the extent of TRMdifferentiation within tissue microenvironments remain unresolved. Here, using an IFNγ-YFP reporter system to identify CD8+T cells executing antigen-dependent effector functions, we define the transcriptional consequences and functional mechanisms controlled by TCR-signaling strength that occur within the skin during viral infection to promote TRMdifferentiation. TCR-signaling both enhances CXCR6-mediated migration and suppresses migration toward sphingosine-1-phosphate, indicating the programming of a ‘chemotactic switch’ following secondary antigen encounter within non-lymphoid tissues. Blimp1 was identified as the critical target of TCR re-stimulation that is necessary to establish this chemotactic switch and for TRMdifferentiation to efficiently occur. Collectively, our findings show that access to antigen presentation and strength of TCR-signaling required for Blimp1 expression establishes the chemotactic properties of effector CD8+T cells to promote residency within non-lymphoid tissues.
Effects of organic zinc on production performance, meat quality, apparent nutrient digestibility and gut microbiota of broilers fed low-protein diets
Authors: Dong Liping , Li Yumei , Zhang Yonghong , Zhang Yan , Ren Jing , Zheng Jinlei , Diao Jizhe , Ni Hongyu , Yin Yijing , Sun Ruihong , Liang Fangfang , Li Peng , Zhou Changhai , Yang Yuwei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe high cost of feed and nitrogen pollution caused by high-protein diets have become major challenges restricting sustainable development in China's animal husbandry sector. Properly reducing protein levels and improving protein utilization in feed are effective approaches to solving this problem. To determine the optimal dose of methionine hydroxyl analogue chelated zinc (MHA-Zn) in broiler diets with a 1.5% reduction in crude protein (CP), a total of 216 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 4 groups (each group consisted of 3 replications with 18 broilers per replicate), and growth and development indexes were assessed after 42 days. The broilers in control group were fed a basic diet, whereas those in the three test groups were fed diets with a 1.5% reduction in CP. The results showed no significant difference in the edible parts of broilers between low-protein (LP) diet group (90 mg/kg MHA-Zn) and normal diet group (p > 0.05), and adding 90 mg/kg MHA-Zn to LP diet significantly improved ileum morphology and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrient (p < 0.01; p < 0.05). A 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that supplementing the LP diet with 90 mg/kg MHA-Zn was adequate for production performance of broilers and promoted beneficial bacteria in the cecum (Lactobacillus, Butyricoccus, Oscillospira, etc.) (p < 0.01). In summary, adding an optimal dose of organic zinc (90 mg/kg MHA-Zn) in low protein diets led to enhanced production performance of broilers and optimized cecum microbiota. Additionally, the reduction of crude protein consumption in broiler production proved to be a cost-effective measure, while also mitigated nitrogen pollutant emissions in the environment.
Fast crystal growth of ice VII owing to the decoupling of translational and rotational ordering
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yao Yifeng , Li Hongyi , Python Andre , Mochizuki Kenji 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the abundance of water’s crystalline polymorphs, the growth mechanisms of most ice forms remain poorly understood. This study applies extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the growth of ice VII, revealing a fast growth rate comparable to pure metals while maintaining robust hydrogen-bond networks. The results from an unsupervised machine learning applied to identify local structure suggest that the surface of ice VII consistently exhibits a body-centered cubic (bcc) plastic ice layer, indicating the decoupling of translational and rotational orderings. The study also uncovers the ultrafast growth rate of pure plastic ice, indicating that orientational disorder in the crystal structure may be associated with faster kinetics. Additionally, we discuss the impacts of interfacial plastic layer width and surface roughness on growth mode.
Multimodal predictive classification of Alzheimer's disease based on attention‐combined fusion network: Integrated neuroimaging modalities and medical examination data
Authors: Chen Hui , Guo Huiru , Xing Longqiang , Chen Da , Yuan Ting , Zhang Yunpeng , Zhang Xuedian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEarly diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) plays a key role in preventing and responding to this neurodegenerative disease. It has shown that, compared with a single imaging modality‐based classification of AD, synergy exploration among multimodal neuroimages is beneficial for the pathological identification. However, effectively exploiting multimodal information is still a big challenge due to the lack of efficient fusion methods. Herein, a multimodal fusion network based on attention mechanism is proposed, in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission computed tomography (PET) images are converted into feature vectors with the same dimension, while the demographic information and clinical data are preprocessed and converted into feature vectors through embedding. This attention model can focus on important feature points, fuse the multimodal information more effectively, and thus provide accurate diagnosis and prediction for different pathological stages. The results show that the model achieves an accuracy of 84.1% for triple classification tasks in normal cognition (NC) versus mild cognitive impairment (MCI) versus AD and 93.9% prediction accuracy in stable MCI (sMCI) versus progressive MCI (pMCI). In contrast to the existing multimodal diagnosis methods, our model yields a state‐of‐the‐art accuracy of AD diagnosis, which is powerful and promising in clinical practice.
Adaptive learning Unet‐based adversarial network with CNN and transformer for segmentation of hard exudates in diabetes retinopathy
Authors: Zhang Xinfeng , Zhang Jiaming , Zhang Yitian , Jia Maoshen , Li Hui , Liu Xiaomin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAccurate segmentation of hard exudates in early non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy can assist physicians in taking appropriate treatment in a more targeted manner, in order to avoid more serious damage to vision caused by the deterioration of the disease in the later stages. Here, an Adaptive Learning Unet‐based adversarial network with Convolutional neural network and Transformer (CT‐ALUnet) is proposed for automatic segmentation of hard exudates, combining the excellent local modelling ability of Unet with the global attention mechanism of transformer. Firstly, multi‐scale features are extracted through a CNN dual‐branch encoder. Then, the information fusion of features at adjacent scale is realized and the fused features are selected adaptively to maintain the overall consistency of features by attention‐guided multi‐scale fusion blocks (AGMFB). After that, the high‐level encoded features are input to transformer blocks to extract global contexts. Finally, these features are fused layer‐by‐layer to achieve accurate segmentation of hard exudates. In addition, adversarial training is incorporated into the above segmentation model, which improves Dice scores and MIoU scores by 7.5% and 3%, respectively. Experiments demonstrate that CT‐ALUnet shows more reliable segmentation and stronger generalization ability than other SOTA methods, which lays a good foundation for computer‐assisted diagnosis and assessment of efficacy.
Dynamic sequential radar cross section properties of airborne corner reflector in array
Authors: Wu Lingang , Hu Shengliang , Xu Jianghu , Liu Zhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the spread of airborne corner reflector (ACR) in the field of shipborne equipment, radar guided anti‐ship missile is facing new challenges. In order to achieve the mastery of the jamming principle of this apparatus, the paper studied its motion properties and sequential Radar Cross Section (RCS) properties. Firstly, the motion model of the ACR was obtained under certain constraints, by deriving the centroid dynamics equation and rotation dynamics equation according to the theoretical mechanics. Then, the dynamic sequential RCS model of ACR array was established by combining the motion model with the modified geometric optics method and coherent synthesis method. Through the simulation and analysis of the motion model, it was found that the flight process of the ACR can be divided into two stages: fast falling and steady falling. In the fast falling stage, the variables of the ACR system change rapidly, while the ACR rotates slowly and falls smoothly in the steady falling stage. From simulation of dynamic sequential RCS model, the results showed that the obvious depolarisation effect is occur in the fast falling stage. Further statistical analysis showed that, the omnidirectivity of single ACR is well from the dynamic perspective, meanwhile array placement can effectively enhance RCS amplitude and improve the probability density distribution.
Blockchain technology as an enabler for cross‐sectoral systems integration for developing smart sustainable cities
Authors: Khawaja Sarmad , Javidroozi Vahid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSmart cities driven by modern technologies are the need of the day to alleviate the urbanisation challenges and improve the overall experience of the citizens. As the role of data‐sharing to facilitate systems integration across city sectors for developing smart cities has grown ever so profoundly, there is a need for decentralisation, transparency, and openness in terms of integration of city sectors to have efficient data diffusion among them. This is extremely important as the requirements of smart sustainable cities are open data sharing to allow service providers to better serve the citizens. Blockchain technology offers these characteristics with the extremely important added advantage of maintaining data security via an immutable record. However, the notion of the use of Blockchain for smart sustainable cities is still in the early years and requires extensive efforts to research and test it. In this research, a state‐of‐the‐art review is conducted to explore the usefulness of Blockchain technology in smart sustainable city development with a specific focus on cross‐sectoral systems integration, highlighting the gaps in the existing body of knowledge. This leads to the proposal of a novel framework for the use of Blockchain for smart sustainable cities, linking together service providers and citizens.