bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children victims of drug abuser parents: Hair testing as a forensic tool to assess exposure—A cohort of 37 cases from Spain
Authors: García‐Caballero Carlos , Martínez‐González María Antonia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHair testing is a useful tool to investigate suspected pediatric exposure to drugs of abuse. Newborns and young children are at high risk of exposure to drugs of abuse from parents or caregivers who consumed these substances, a fact prosecuted by Spanish authorities as child abuse. A retrospective study based on a cohort of 37 cases classified using several parameters, which involve children under 12 years old, were analyzed at the Drugs Laboratory of the National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences (Madrid, Spain) between 2009 and 2021. Hair samples were tested for the presence of opiates, cocaine, ketamine, amphetamines, methadone, and cannabis using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. A 59% of the studied children had ages in the range of 1–3 years old, and in 81% of cases, victims required hospitalization. In 81% of cases (n = 30), hair was submitted only or in combination with other samples, and these were classified in four categories according to analyzed samples: A (only hair), B (hair and blood), C (hair and urine), and D (hair, blood, and urine). The 93.3% of these cases (n = 28) showed a positive result of cannabinoids (THC and CBN in hair and THC‐COOH in urine; 71.4% n = 20), cocaine and metabolites (benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene; 46.4% n = 13), opiates (morphine and 6‐acetylmorphine), and amphetamines (MDMA and MDMA; 3.10% n = 1). Hair analysis matched positive results in cases where urine screening test was carried out previously (n = 24) and in those cases where blood and/or urine were also submitted (35.6% n = 11). As a conclusion, hair analysis was confirmed as a useful tool to detect previous exposure to acute poisoning events in children.
Microglial tissue surveillance: The never‐resting gardener in the developing and adult CNS
Authors: Petry Philippe , Oschwald Alexander , Kierdorf Katrin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImmunosurveillance by microglia is a dynamic process in the central nervous system (CNS) with versatile functions to maintain tissue homeostasis and provide immune defense. A tightly controlled microglia network throughout the CNS parenchyma facilitates efficient immunosurveillance, where each cell guards a certain tissue territory. Each cell is constantly surveilling its environment and the surrounding cells, screening for pathogens but also removing cell debris and metabolites, grooming neighboring cells and facilitating cellular crosstalk. In the absence of inflammation, this “tissue surveillance” by microglia presents an essential process for CNS homeostasis and development. In this review, we provide a summary on different tissue surveillance functions mediated by microglia, the underlying molecular machineries, and how defects, such as genetic mutations, can alter these surveillance mechanisms and cause disease onset.
Access to Bis(σ‐B−H) Complexes of Ruthenium Bearing Monoaryl Borate and Borane Ligands
Authors: Tian Minghui , Wei Yongliang , Han Feifei , Sui Site , Wang Tongdao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA series of ruthenium bis(σ‐B−H) borate complexes 1–4 have been prepared by a salt‐elimination protocol using lithium monoaryl trihydroborates Li[ArBH3] (R=Ph, 3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3, o‐tol or Mes) and the corresponding metal halide Cp*Ru(PCy3)Cl. All of these bis(σ‐B−H) borate complexes are stable at room temperature and isolated in good yields (70–92 %). Additionally, treatment of 4 with the hydride abstracting agent B(C6F5)3 generated rare cationic bis(σ‐B−H) borane complex 5. Crystallographic characterization data are provided for 3 and 5. All these new complexes were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Studying molecular interactions via capillary electrophoresis and microscale thermophoresis: A review
Authors: Asmari Mufarreh , Michalcová Lenka , Ibrahim Adel Ehab , Glatz Zdeněk , Wätzig Hermann , El Deeb Sami 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe process of choosing the most proper technique for studying the molecular interactions is based on critical factors such as instrumentation complexity, automation, experimental procedures, analysis time, consumables, and cost‐value. This review has tracked the use of affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) techniques in the evaluation of molecular binding among different molecules during the 5 years 2016–2021. ACE has proved to be an attractive technique for biomolecular characterization with high resolution efficiency where small variations in several controlling factors can much improve such efficiency compared to other analytical techniques. Meanwhile, MST has proved its higher sensitivity for smaller amounts of complex non‐purified biosamples without affecting its robustness while providing high through output. However, the main motivation to review both techniques in the proposed review was their capability to carry out all experiments without the need for immobilizing one interacting partner, besides a great flexibility in the use of buffering systems. The proposed review demonstrates the importance of both techniques in different areas of life sciences. Moreover, the recent advances in exploiting ACE and MST in other research interests have been discussed.
A computational convection analysis of SiO2/water and MoS2‐SiO2/water based fluidic system in inverted cone
Authors: Hussain Syed Ibrar , Ahmad Iftikhar , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Umer Ch Muhammad Zulfiqar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA complete shape factor investigation of water‐based mixture type hybrid nanofluid in a permeable boundary with the impact of magnetic field, thick dissemination, and warm radiation is presented in this article. A computational convection analysis of an inverted semi vertical cone with a porous surface in the form of /water nanofluid and /water hybrid nanofluid transport is developed. The system of differential equations is presented and solved numerically by the Lobatto IIIA method. The temperature distributions and fluid velocity are studied along with the coefficient of skin friction and the Nusselt number, taking into account the form of distinct nano‐particles. The flow problem's results are approximated by using several embedding variables. Tables and graphs are constructed for a variety of scenarios including maximum residual error, mesh points, and Nusselt numbers. We conclude that boundary film thickness reduces and the fluid flow is resisted by magnetic field presence. Fluid flow slows down as increases, and this reduction is more evident in nanofluids than in hybrid nanofluids. With an increment in , velocity drops. A detailed analysis of the proposed ordinary differential equations, boundary conditions, and numerical data of skin friction is given both in tabular and graphical forms. Additionally, it is observed that the fluid flow slows down more for the hybrid nanofluid than for the /water nanofluid. Moreover, it is clear that the temperature increase for the /water nanofluid is substantially greater. The authors deduce that the existence of a magnetic field resists fluid flow for hybrid nanofluid forms and decreases the thickness of the viscous boundary layer.
Experimental investigation of engine characteristics of CI engine fueled with fatty acid Millettia Pinnata oil with non‐fatty acid Pinus oil blended fuel
Authors: Gurusamy Manikandaraja , Vijayaragavan Mathanraj , Subramaniyan Malarmannan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article studied the effect of blending low‐viscous Pinus oil with high‐viscous Millettia Pinnata oil on CI engine characteristics. The three blends of a combination of Pinus oil and Millettia Pinnata oil (P70K30, P50K50, and P30K70) were tested in a single‐cylinder water‐cooled computerized diesel engine coupled with an eddy current dynamometer by varying the load from 0% to 100%. The performance result establishes a positive correlation between BTE and the amount of Pinus oil in the blended fuel. Among the tested biofuel samples, P70K30 has the highest brake thermal efficiency of 29.73% but is 4.8% lower than diesel. At full load, the BSFC and BSEC of P70K30 show a 7.4% and 8.6% drop compared to diesel fuel but are higher than P50K50 and P30K70. Among the tested biofuel samples, a maximum in‐cylinder pressure of 70.96 bar was observed for P70K30, which is higher than P50K50 and P30K70 but lower than diesel. The net heat release rate and rate of pressure rise were found to be 48.26 J/oCA and 5.57 bar/oCA for P70K30, the highest among all tested conditions. Cycle‐to‐cycle variations were studied by calculating the standard deviation, range, and coefficient of variation for the in‐cylinder peak pressure of 100 cycles. The P70K30 has a coefficient of variation of 1.24%, which is higher than the P50K50 and P30K70 but lower than diesel. The P‐v diagram concludes that the three tested biofuels have strong thermodynamic properties since they have a good expansion rate and a pattern similar to diesel fuel. The emissions results show that increasing the amount of Pinus oil in blended fuel increases the NOx to 1410 ppm emissions and decreases the CO to 0.18%, HC to 44 ppm, and smoke to 76.6%.
Molecular simulation of the effects of activated carbon structure on the adsorption performance for volatile organic compounds in fumes from gasoline
Authors: Chen Zihan , He Ren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImproving the adsorption performance of activated carbon can effectively reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this paper, the influences of pore size, functional groups, and water molecular content on the adsorption for four gasoline evaporation VOCs (n‐butane, n‐hexane, p‐xylene, and ethanol) were investigated in terms of equilibrium adsorption capacity and threshold pressure by molecular simulation. The simulation results show that capillary condensation can increase the equilibrium adsorption capacity of gas, while functional groups and water molecules will reduce the effective adsorption volume of activated carbon. On the other hand, the threshold pressure depends primarily on the interaction energy and the number of adsorption sites. The superposition effect of the adsorption force field makes the lowest threshold pressure of four VOCs. The threshold pressure of n‐butane, n‐hexane, and p‐xylene is increased by the presence of functional groups and water molecules, while functional group modification and a certain amount of water molecules can improve the adsorption capacity of ethanol at low pressure. The results of the study can provide a reference for the selection of activated carbon in vehicle carbon canisters and the development of high‐performance activated carbon.
Epilepsy in Niger: An overview of the current situation
Authors: Toudou‐Daouda Moussa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA major public health concern in the world, particularly in sub‐Saharan African countries, epilepsy is poorly studied in Niger, and its prevalence in the general population is unknown. Only two hospital‐based studies have been published in Niger, reporting an estimated mean hospital prevalence of epilepsy of 24.2% (95% CI: 23.2–25.2), mainly affecting patients younger than 18 years (54.6%, 95% CI: 52.2–57.0), and males (59.8%, 95% CI: 57.4–62.2). To date in Niger, people living with epilepsy (PWE) are usually cared for by non‐physician healthcare workers (mainly nurse technicians in mental health), general medical doctors (non‐specialist physician), and non‐neurologist physicians. In routine practice, these health workers make the diagnosis of epilepsy essentially based on the clinic, i.e., the repetition of epileptic seizures over time (mainly generalized tonic–clonic seizures) because most of them practiced in health centers or district hospitals or regional hospital centers in which electroencephalogram and neuroradiological explorations are of limited access or unavailable as well as a referral neurologist. Only 10 neurologists are currently practicing in Niger for a total population estimated at 21466800 inhabitants by the World Health Organization in 2018. In 41.8% (95% CI: 39.4–43.2) of the cases, the etiology was unknown with neuroradiological explorations and laboratory tests not performed in most cases. Genetic etiologies are the most frequent etiologies (40.8; 95% CI: 38.4–43.2), followed by Structural etiologies (11.7; 95% CI: 10.1–13.3) particularly hypoxic–ischemic brain injury, and infectious etiologies (6.8%; 95% CI: 5.6–8.0), especially cerebral malaria. PWEs are the target of social stigma and discrimination due to erroneous cultural and religious beliefs about epilepsy of the people from Niger. The present review is an update on the different aspects of epilepsy in Niger.
SEEG‐based reevaluation of epileptogenic networks and the predictive role for reoperation in MTLE patients with surgical failure
Authors: Xu Ke , Yang Xue , Zhou Jian , Guan Yuguang , Zhao Meng , Wang Mengyang , Wang Jing , Li Tianfu , Wang Xiongfei , Luan Guoming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveApproximately 20%–30% of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients got unfavorable seizure control after surgery, and there was a discrepancy about the reasons for the surgical failure. The functional connectivity (FC) patterns obtained from stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) reveal information about the dynamics of the epileptic brain and the added value of extracting information that was not identifiable in the SEEG data using FC analysis. This study aims to find out the patterns of the potential epileptogenic network of failure patients and the electrophysiological predictors of reoperation.MethodsFrom January 2012 to December 2019, the MTLE patients with surgical failure were reviewed, and all patients underwent SEEG‐guided reoperation. The epileptogenic network was quantified by calculating FC indicators, including phase slope index (PSI), mutual information (MI) strength, imaginary coherence (icoh), and Granger causality.ResultsTen patients with 13 seizures were included in the analysis, and 7 of them achieved a favorable outcome after the SEEG‐guided reoperation. The surgical zone (SZ) with a favorable prognosis showed greater outward information flow than the non‐SZ, whereas the SZ with an unfavorable prognosis showed greater inward information flow. The recurrent patients with favorable prognosis had strong connectivity between the posterior hippocampus, temporal neocortex, and insula, whereas the patients with unfavorable prognosis showed strong functional connectivity between the insula and temporal–parietal‐occipital junction. The power spectrum of patients with favorable prognosis was significantly lower than that of patients with unfavorable prognosis, especially showing a more oscillation power of low frequency.SignificanceThe SEEG‐guided reoperation could achieve favorable seizure control outcomes for recurrent patients. The FCs were a potential indicator to help construct the temporal epileptic network and predictor for the reoperative prognosis in the recurrent patients.
Bio‐inspired optical structures for enhancing luminescence
Authors: Zhang Zemin , Vogelbacher Florian , Song Yanlin , Tian Yang , Li Mingzhu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLuminescence is an essential signal for many plants, insects, and marine organisms to attract the opposite sex, avoid predators, and so on. Most luminescent living organisms have ingenious optical structures which can help them get high luminescent performances. These remarkable and efficient structures have been formed by natural selection from long‐time evolution. Researchers keenly observed the enhanced luminescence phenomena and studied how these phenomena happen in order to learn the characteristics of bio‐photonics. In this review, we summarize the optical structures for enhancing luminescence and their applications. The structures are classified according to their different functions. We focus on how researchers use these biological inspirations to enhance different luminescence processes, such as chemiluminescence (CL), photoluminescence (PL), and electroluminescence (EL). It lays a foundation for further research on the applications of luminescence enhancement. Furthermore, we give examples of luminescence enhancement by bio‐inspired structures in information encryption, biochemical detection, and light sources. These examples show that it is possible to use bio‐inspired optical structures to solve complex problems in optical applications. Our work will provide guidance for research on biomimetic optics, micro‐ and nano‐optical structures, and enhanced luminescence.
Exploring phenotypic variation of diverse bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L) origin and development of mini‐core collection for future breeding
Authors: Uba Charles U. , Oselebe Happiness O. , Tesfaye Abush A. , Mekonen Getachew S. , Abtew Wosene G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the phenotypic variation and designing a mini‐core collection is an efficient method to accelerate the genetic gain of bambara groundnut. A collection of 300 bambara groundnut landraces from 25 different countries of origin sourced from gene banks were used to analyze phenotypic variability among the landraces and develop a mini‐core collection for future breeding. The landraces were evaluated in alpha lattice design with two replications for 2 years (2019 and 2020). The results showed highly significant differences (p < 0.001) among the bambara groundnut landraces for all the studied traits implying the selection of landraces with better agronomic traits could be achieved from the crop genetic pool. In addition, landrace x year interactions were significant for studied traits, except for shelling percentage and number of seeds per pod. The genotypic coefficient of variation values were high for most yield component traits, with the highest (65.39%) value obtained on seed dry weight. Furthermore, high heritability in conjunction with high genetic advance obtained in seed dry weight, pod dry weight, petiole length and plant height implies that these traits are majorly controlled by additive genetic action and could be improved through selection. Highly significant and positive correlations of yield were found with seed dry weight, pod dry weight, number of pod per plant, number of leaves, petiole length and plant height. A mini‐core collection of 60 landraces (20%) was developed that represents the entire collection using Core Hunter algorithm. In general, the study provides insight into bambara groundnut germplasm that would enhance cultivar development and sustains the utilization of the crop. In addition, the mini‐core collection established in the present study could be exploited for future bambara groundnut improvement efforts.
Maternal Vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy and lactation induced damaged intestinal structure and intestinal flora homeostasis in offspring mice
Authors: Zhou Junming , Sun Bo , Li Minli , Xu Haoyu , Feng Ying , Wu Xiaowei , Guo Meixia , Wang Xiaomin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe small intestine serves as the first channel of dietary Vitamin A (VA) and the unique organ of VA absorption and metabolism. However, there have not been extensive investigations on the exact mechanisms within VA‐related changes in intestinal metabolic disorders. This research is designed to analyze whether and how VA affects intestinal metabolic phenotypes. Male C57BL/6 mice after weaning were randomly fed a VA control diet (VAC) or a VA‐deficient diet (VAD) during the entire pregnancy and lactation process. After a total of 11 weeks, cohorts of VA deprived were next fed to a VA control diet (VAD‐C) for another 8 weeks. The concentration of retinol was measured by a high‐performance liquid chromatography system. The 16S gene sequencing was used to evaluate the intestinal microbiota changes. Through the use of histological staining, western blots, quantitative PCR, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, the intestinal morphology, inflammatory factors, and intestinal permeability were all evaluated. Following the decrease of the tissue VA levels, VAD mice show a decrease in tissue VA levels, community differences, and the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota. VAD diet‐driven changes occur in intestinal microbiota, accompanied by a higher mRNA expression of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and an increase in intestinal permeability. As dietary VA is reintroduced into VAD diet‐fed mice, the tissue VA levels, inflammatory response, and intestinal homeostasis profiles are all restored, which are similar to those found after the occurrence of VA‐controlled changes within intestinal microbiota. VA deficiency caused the imbalance of intestinal metabolic phenotypes through a mechanism involving changes in intestinal microbiota. It is thought that intestinal microbiota metabolic influences represent a new salient and additional mechanism, which can be used as a new method to achieve the onset and treatment of the effect of VAD on intestinal homeostasis impairment.
Meat and dairy products intake is associated with gastric cancer: Case–control study findings
Authors: Tayyem Reema F. , Nawaiseh Hala , Al‐Awwad Narmeen , Al‐Jaberi Tareq , Hushki Ahmad , Allehdan Sabika 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCountries experiencing a significant shift toward Western lifestyle are facing an increased risk of gastric cancer (GC). While many studies have explored the link between diet and GC, the role of meat and dairy consumption remains uncertain. To delve deeper into this association, we conducted a case–control study in Jordan involving 173 GC cases and 314 controls, matched by age and marital status. Using a validated food frequency questionnaire, we assessed the intake of different dairy and meat products. The adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals indicated a strong correlation between high intake of red meat, milk, and buttermilk and GC. Our multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that daily consumption of red meat (≥1 serving/day; OR, 3.34 [95% CI 1.85–6.03, p value of trend <.001], ≥1 serving/day) and weekly intake of milk (2–3 servings/week; OR, 2.04 [95% CI 1.14–3.64, p value of trend = .041]) and buttermilk (2–3 servings/week; OR, 2.07 [95% CI 1.12–3.83, p value of trend = .018], per 2–3 servings/week) were significantly associated with an increased risk of GC. Furthermore, consuming cooked eggs daily (OR = 2.44, 95% CI 1.24–4.79, p trend <.001) or weekly (OR, 3.34, 95% CI 1.58–7.10, p value of trend <.001) was also associated with an increased risk of GC. These findings highlight the potential health risks associated with excessive meat and some dairy products consumption and suggest that a balanced intake of these products, along with eggs, may help prevent GC.
RoPE: A robust profile likelihood method for differential gene expression analysis
Authors: Zhong Lehang , Strug Lisa J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVariation in RNA‐Seq data creates modeling challenges for differential gene expression (DE) analysis. Statistical approaches address conventional small sample sizes and implement empirical Bayes or non‐parametric tests, but frequently produce different conclusions. Increasing sample sizes enable proposal of alternative DE paradigms. Here we develop RoPE, which uses a data‐driven adjustment for variation and a robust profile likelihood ratio DE test. Simulation studies show RoPE can have improved performance over existing tools as sample size increases and has the most reliable control of error rates. Application of RoPE demonstrates that an activePseudomonas aeruginosainfection downregulates theSLC9A3Cystic Fibrosis modifier gene.