bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What a Neurosurgeon Should Know About the Endolymphatic Sac: Part 2 – Diagnosis and Management of the Endolymphatic Sac Tumors
Authors: Vaz Marco Antônio Schlindwein , Moreira Monteiro Jander , Braga Francisco Luiz Souza , Lavinsky Joel , Santis Giuseppe Casella , Dini Leandro Infantini , da Rocha Filho Marcelo Assis Moro , Ribas Carmen Austrália Paredes Marcondes , de Araújo Ricardo Marques Lopes , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Isolan Gustavo Rassier 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective This article is divided into three parts. In the second part of this review, the authors focus on describing the endolymphatic sac tumor and presenting illustrative cases.
Methods A review of previous studies, from 1957 to 2021, from basic and translational research using human and animal endolymphatic sac (ES) tissue or cells, as well as other reviews on this theme.
Results The ES is an inner ear structure, which is responsible for the homeostatic regulation, as well as endolymphatic fluid volume control, immune response etc. One of the possible alterations of the ES is the ELST, a low-grade malign neoplasm that originates from the epithelium of the endolymphatic duct and sac. The clinical presentation of the ELST includes hearing loss, tinnitus, headache, and vertigo. The diagnosis in the early stages is rare, given that this group of symptoms is very similar to other, more common, diseases such as the Meniere syndrome. Its diagnosis is made by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), immunohistochemistry, and confirmed by histopathology. However, none of these examinations are part of the pathological guidelines for ELST. The treatment for ELST in the early stages has a high rate of success.
Conclusion The ELST is a very difficult diagnosis due to its presentation. Furthermore, the interactions between ELST and the Von Hippel-Lindau disease usually result in a more aggressive condition. Despite the difficulty of the diagnosis, doing it early increases the chances of successful treatment.
Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: “classic” knowledge and recent acquisitions
Authors: Piacentini Chiara , Argento Ornella , Nocentini Ugo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by inflammation, axonal demyelination, and neurodegeneration, which can have a strong impact on all aspects of the life of the patient. Multiple sclerosis causes motor, sensory, cerebellar, and autonomic dysfunctions, as well as cognitive and psychoemotional impairment. The most frequently compromised cognitive domains are complex attention/information processing, memory, executive and visuospatial functions. Recently, alterations have also been evidenced in complex cognitive functions, such as social cognition, moral judgment, and decision-making. Cognitive impairment is characterized by high variability and can affect work skills, social interactions, coping strategies and more generally the quality of life of patients and their families. With the use of sensitive and easy-to-administer test batteries, an increasingly accurate and early diagnosis is feasible: this allows to determine the effectiveness of possible preventive measures, to predict the future progression of the disease and to improve the quality of life of patients. There is currently limited evidence regarding the efficacy, on cognitive impairment, of disease-modifying therapies. The most promising approach, which has received strong empirical support, is cognitive rehabilitation.
Sleep assessment in adults with Down syndrome: correlation between functionality and polysomnographic findings
Authors: Callegari Marilia Rezende , dos Santos Kelly Brito , de Oliveira Barbara Valente , Amorim Ana Rita Avelino , Cymrot Raquel , Blascovi-Assis Silvana Maria 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Sleep disorders have a negative impact on health, being associated with neurocognitive problems, cardiovascular diseases and obesity, influencing children's development and learning.
Objective To assess the sleep pattern of people with Down syndrome (DS) and correlate changes with functionality and behavior.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the sleep pattern in adults with DS > 18 years old. Twenty-two participants were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Functional Independence Measure and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the 11 who presented indications of disorders by the screening questionnaires were referred to polysomnography. Statistical tests were performed using a significance level of 5%, including sample normality tests and correlation tests (sleep and functionality).
Results Impairment in sleep architecture was found due to an increase in the rate of awakenings in 100% of the participants, a decrease in the number of slow waves, and a high prevalence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), with higher averages in the Apnea and Hypopnea Index (AHI) in the group. There was a negative correlation between sleep quality and global functionality (p = 0.011) and the motor (p = 0.074), cognitive (p = 0.010), and personal care (p = 0.072) dimensions in the group. Global and hyperactivity behavior changes were related to worse sleep quality (p = 0.072; p = 0.015, respectively).
Conclusion There is an impairment in the sleep quality of adults with DS, with an increase in the rate of awakenings, a decrease in the number of slow waves, and a high prevalence of SDB affecting this population in the functional and behavioral aspects.
Ketogenic therapy in childhood and adolescence: recommendations of the Brazilian experts group
Authors: de Brito Sampaio Letícia Pereira , Henriques-Souza Adélia Maria de Miranda , Lin Katia , Neri Lenycia de Cassya Lopes , Inuzuka Luciana Midori , Uchôa Ludmila Inácio de Lima , Gregório Marcela Marques de Oliveira , Guilhoto Laura Maria , Montenegro Maria Augusta , Lunardi Mariana , Veiga Marielza , de Lima Patricia Azevedo , Braatz Vera 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKetogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) are a safe and effective treatment for pharmacoresistant epilepsy in children. There are four principal types of KDTs: the classic KD, the modified Atkins diet (MAD), the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet, and the low glycemic index diet (LGID). The International Ketogenic Diet Study Group recommends managing KDTs in children with epilepsy. However, there are no guidelines that address the specific needs of the Brazilian population. Thus, the Brazilian Child Neurology Association elaborated on these recommendations with the goal of stimulating and expanding the use of the KD in Brazil.
Brain Metastasis is Associated with Tumor Size, Nodal Status, and c-erbB-2 Expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Cambruzzi Eduardo , Zandoná Natália Brandelli , Silva José Nathan Andrade Müller da , Nascimento Gabriella Bezerra Cortês , Medeiros Mateus Scarabelot 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) of no special type (IBC-NST) is the second most common primary site of central nervous system metastases, affecting 15% to 30% of patients. Brain metastasis originating from IBC is associated with patient age, tumor size, and axillary lymph node status. Loss of expression of hormone receptors and c-erbB-2 amplification are frequent findings in patients who develop brain metastasis. Radiological studies of the central nervous system are carried out only in patients presenting with neurological signs or symptoms during the clinical follow-up.Objective To evaluate the associations of clinical and pathological findings with brain metastasis in breast cancer.Materials and Methods The sample comprised 73 patients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy with lymph node resection. The following variables were evaluated: tumor size, histological grade, nodal state, expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and c-erbB-2, and presence of brain metastasis.Results The histopathological findings associated with brain metastasis in patients with IBC were tumor size (p = 0.03), presence of nodal metastasis (p = 0.045), and c-erbB-2 expression (p = 0.012).Conclusion The assessment of specific pathological findings in breast carcinoma can help identify risk factors and/or clinical parameters associated with the development of brain metastasis.
291 Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms Treated with Fred, Silk, and Pipeline Stents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Teixeira Vinicius Fialho , Santos Rafael Brito , Alves Gabrielly Ramalho Mendonça , Santos Alexandro Colins dos , Bastos Albedy Moreira 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are present in ∼ 2 to 5% of the population. Several treatments have been used, including endovascular options such as flow diverter devices (FDDs). The present study retrospectively analyzed the effectiveness of three FDDs in the treatment of 291 aneurysms in the internal carotid artery. The devices analyzed were the flow-redirection endoluminal device (FRED), the SILK Embolization Device and the PIPELINE Embolization Device (PED).
Method This is a cross-sectional study which evaluates the outcome of control arteriography. The O'Kelly-Marotta (OKM) Scale was used to assess the degree of filling and flow stasis in the aneurysm 12 months after surgery.
Results Conjoining the result of the three devices, most aneurysms (87.9%) were from the classification C-D, that is, they presented complete or almost complete aneurysmal occlusion. However, 6.6% did not obtain aneurysm occlusion, so they were classified as belonging to group A. In group B, a subocclusion was presented in 5.5%. In addition, by analyzing individually the result of each device, there was a bigger proportion of those classified in the group A among those who used SILK and in the group C-D among those who used FRED. Regarding complications, 10 cases were found, corresponding to 4.23% of all 236 patients. Therefore, four of these patients had complications when treated with PED; this proportion is higher than expected concerning the other groups.
Conclusion The three devices are safe choices. Particularly, the FRED was found to be the most effective in treating internal carotid artery aneurysms.
Inhibition of Salvianolic Acid B and Ginsenoside Rg1 on Hemorrhagic Transformation after Stroke
Authors: Xing Rongrong , Wang Yiyu , Wang Linlin , Shen Haishang , Jin Yi , Yu Haoying , Liu Rongxia , Jiang Baohong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective Application of recanalization on stroke patients is not only limited with time window, but also accompanied with the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. In present study, the effects of salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg1 combination (SalB/Rg1) on time window and hemorrhagic transformation against ischemic stroke was evaluated on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice.Methods The protection and time window of SalB/Rg1 were estimated through infarct volume, neurobehavioral deficits, and histomorphological examination. The prohibition of SalB/Rg1 against hemorrhagic transformation was detected on MCAO mice stimulated with dextrose and reperfusion. Hemorrhagic transformation was assessed by the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. The mechanism of SalB/Rg1 against hemorrhagic transformation was identified by immunofluorescence staining and in situ gelatin zymography.Results First, SalB/Rg1 significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurobehavior in a dose-dependent manner. Then, the protective time window up to 9 hours was detected for SalB/Rg1 against stroke. Both the dose-dependent efficiency and longtime protection of SalB/Rg1 were further identified based on cytoarchitecture through histopathological stain. Second, SalB/Rg1 downregulated hemorrhagic score, infarct volume, and abnormal neurobehavior. Finally, the inhibition of SalB/Rg1 against hemorrhagic transformation was found to accompany with its protection on the integrity of neurovascular unit. Around the edge area of infarction, SalB/Rg1 attenuated the astrocyte activation, maintained the abundance of junction protein (claudin-5) between endothelial cells, considerably decreased matrix metallopeptidase 9 activity through in situ gelatin zymography.Conclusion SalB/Rg1 is a promising strategy for further development against stroke, especially against hemorrhagic transformation.
Crossover of energy deposition and semi-stable chemical bonding in the nonadiabatic dynamics of GaN under proton irradiation
Authors: He Yuan , Deng Zun-Yi , Feng Hong-Jian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Understanding the ion-solid interactions of charged particles in materials facilitates the development of ion beam irradiation techniques. Combining Ehrenfest dynamics and time-dependent density-functional theory, we investigated the electronic stopping power (ESP) of an energetic proton in GaN crystal and studied the ultrafast dynamic interaction between the proton and target atoms during the nonadiabatic process. We found a crossover phenomenon of ESP at 0.36 a.u. along the <100> and <110> channels, which is interpreted by the charge transfer between the host material and the projectile and the stopping force exerted on the proton. At velocities of 0.2 and 1.7 a.u., we demonstrated that the reversal of the average number of charge transfer and the average axial force resulted in the reversed energy deposition rate and ESP in the corresponding channel. Further analysis of the evolution of non-adiabatic electronic states revealed the existence of the transient and semi-stable N–H chemical bonding during irradiation process, which is introduced by the electron clouds overlap of N sp
3 hybridization and the s orbitals of the proton. These results provide meaningful information for the interactions between energetic ions and matter.
Emergent weak antilocalization and wide-temperature-range electronic phase diagram in epitaxial RuO2 thin film
Authors: Liu Jin , Gao Lei , Zou Yu Ting , Lin Ting , Zhu Ming Tong , Lyu Xiang Yu , Lu Chao , Wang Yu Qian , Ji Ai Ling , Zhang Qing Hua , Cheng Zhi Gang , Gu Lin , Cao Ze Xian , Lu Nian Peng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Binary ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) has gradually attracted much attention in condensed matter physics and material sciences due to its various intriguing physical properties, such as strain-induced superconductivity, anomalous Hall effect, collinear anti-ferromagnetism, etc. However, its complex emergent electronic states and the corresponding phase diagram over a wide temperature range remain unexplored, which is critically important to understanding the underlying physics and exploring its final physical properties and functionalities. Here, through optimizing the growth conditions by using versatile pulsed laser deposition, high-quality epitaxial RuO2 thin films with clear lattice structure are obtained, upon which the electronic transport is investigated, and emergent electronic states and the relevant physical properties are unveiled. Firstly, at a high-temperature range, it is the Bloch–Grüneisen state, instead of the common Fermi liquid metallic state, that dominates the electrical transport behavior. Moreover, the recently reported anomalous Hall effect is also revealed, which confirms the presence of the Berry phase in the energy band structure. More excitingly, we find that above the superconductivity transition temperature, a new positive magnetic resistance quantum coherent state with an unusual dip as well as an angel-dependent critical magnetic field emerges, which can be attributed to the weak antilocalization effect. Lastly, the complex phase diagram with multiple intriguing emergent electronic states over a wide temperature range is mapped. The results greatly promote the fundamental physics understanding of the binary oxide RuO2 and provide guidelines for its practical applications and functionalities.
Splitting and coexistence of 2-D strange attractors in a general family of Expanding Baker Maps
Authors: Marqués-Lobeiras A , Pumariño A , Rodríguez J Á , Vigil E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We consider a two-parameter family

Γ

a
,
θ

of Expanding Baker Maps on the plane, being a > 1 and

0
<
θ
<
π

an expansion rate and a rotation angle, respectively. We prove that

Γ

a
,
θ

exhibits strange attractors for every a sufficiently close to 1. We also study how such attractors may split into other ones of a larger number of connected pieces as a decreases to 1 and

θ

/

π

is a rational number. The study of the family

Γ

a
,
θ

is strongly motivated by the rich dynamics observed for the quadratic family

T

a
,
b

(
x
,
y
)
=
(
a
+

y

2

,
x
+
b
y
)

.
Full-field monitoring of the resin flow front and dry spot with noninvasive and embedded piezoelectric sensor networks
Authors: Cui Xiyue , Yu Yinghong , Liu Qijian , Liu Xiao , Qing Xinlin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Vacuum-assisted resin infusion (VARI) process has been proven to be an effective-cost technology for manufacturing large-scale composite structure with complex geometries and has a broad development prospect in industry fields, especially in aerospace. The resin impregnation, a crucial stage of the VARI process, can easily lead to dry spots and seriously reduce product quality or even lead to scrap due to improper resin flow. The non-invasive piezoelectric sensor (NPS) network and embedded piezoelectric sensor (EPS) network composed of Stanford Multi-actuator Receiver Transducer Layer are employed for full-field monitoring of the resin flow fronts and accurate localization of the dry spot defects. Also, an innovative experimental technique for creating dry spot defects is presented in this research. Based on the analysis of the Lamb wave signals, the A0 mode from the NPS network and the S0 mode of the EPS network are ideal for the monitoring of dry spots. Additionally, by fusing the impact of dry spot defects on the Lamb wave and the probability-based diagnostic imaging algorithm, a new damage index is proposed to precisely locate the dry spot defects. The experimental results further indicate that the method proposed can provide effective full-field monitoring of the resin flow front and dry spot defect locations.
Memristor-like behavior and negative resistance in a superconductor/insulator/ferromagnet device with a pinholes-governed interface
Authors: Bauer G , Ozeri M , Anwar M S , Matsuki H , Stelmashenko N , Yochelis S , Cuoco M , Robinson J W A , Paltiel Y , Millo O 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We investigate the voltage–current characteristics of a superconductor–insulator–ferromagnet heterostructure, where the insulating layer contains pinhole-defects. The superconducting layer exhibits multiple voltage jumps that are hysteretic with the current sweep direction. This characteristic of the resistive state is due to pinholes that induce local, distinct, coupling regions between the superconducting and ferromagnetic layers which may generate phase-slip lines or vortex channeling. These findings point to a magnetically driven design of a superconductor memristor. Concomitantly, the junctions display both absolute and differential negative resistances below the superconducting critical temperature and current. This anomalous behavior is analyzed using a circuit approach and is attributed to current passing through pinholes within the insulating layer. These two unique effects, which stem from the special topology of the pinholes-governed interface can be applied in superconductor-based switches and memory devices.
Taming chaos in generalized Liénard systems by the fractional-order feedback based on Melnikov analysis
Authors: Li Ruihong , Li Qinnan , Huang Dongmei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The dynamical behavior of Liénard systems has always been a hot topic in nonlinear analysis. In the present study, a simple fractional-order feedback controller is put forward to tame chaos for a class of forced generalized Liénard systems. Adopting harmonic balance method, the first-order approximate equivalent integer-order system of the original fractional-order system is deduced. Then the criterion for taming chaos is established by employing the Melnikov approach. Duffing-Rayleigh chaotic oscillator is taken as an example to illustrate the validity of the proposed method. Firstly, the critical feedback intensity and differential order for taming chaos are obtained by the proposed criterion. Then, multiple numerical indicators such as phase portrait, time history plot, Lyapunov exponent and bifurcation diagram are provided to assist in analyzing theoretical results.
Optical response properties of a hybrid optomechanical system with quantum dot molecules assisted by second-order optomechanical coupling
Authors: Mahajan Sonam , Aggarwal Neha , Bhattacherjee Aranya B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We theoretically investigated the optical response properties of the optical field in three-level quantum dot molecules assisted optomechanical system consisting of the mechanical resonator. We show that various system parameters like second-order optomechanical coupling can control these nonlinear effects. In this work, we study how the system parameters affect the normal mode splitting of the movable mirror and output field. Further, we show that the second-order optomechanical coupling plays an important role in creating optomechanical entanglement as well as producing a strong squeezing spectrum of the optical field.
Effusion of stochastic processes on a line
Authors: Dean David S , Majumdar Satya N , Schehr Grégory 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We consider the problem of leakage or effusion of an ensemble of independent stochastic processes from a region where they are initially randomly distributed. The case of Brownian motion, initially confined to the left half line with uniform density and leaking into the positive half line is an example which has been extensively studied in the literature. Here we derive new results for the average number and variance of the number of leaked particles for arbitrary Gaussian processes initially confined to the negative half line and also derive its joint two-time probability distribution, both for the annealed and the quenched initial conditions. For the annealed case, we show that the two-time joint distribution is a bivariate Poisson distribution. We also discuss the role of correlations in the initial particle positions on the statistics of the number of particles on the positive half line. We show that the strong memory effects in the variance of the particle number on the positive real axis for Brownian particles, seen in recent studies, persist for arbitrary Gaussian processes and also at the level of two-time correlation functions.
Nonergodic Brownian oscillator: low-frequency response
Authors: Plyukhin Alex V 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An undisturbed Brownian oscillator may not reach thermal equilibrium with the thermal bath due to the formation of a localized normal mode. The latter may emerge when the spectrum of the thermal bath has a finite upper bound ω
0 and the oscillator natural frequency exceeds a critical value

ω

c

, which depends on the specific form of the bath spectrum. We consider the response of the oscillator with and without a localized mode to the external periodic force with frequency Ω lower than ω
0. The results complement those obtained earlier for the high-frequency response at

Ω
⩾

ω
0

and require a different mathematical approach. The signature property of the high-frequency response is resonance when the external force frequency Ω coincides with the frequency of the localized mode

ω
∗

. In the low-frequency domain

Ω
<

ω
0

the condition of resonance

Ω
=

ω
∗

cannot be met (since

ω
∗

>

ω
0

). Yet, in the limits

ω
→

ω

c

and

Ω
→

ω
0
−

, the oscillator shows a peculiar quasi-resonance response with an amplitude increasing with time sublinearly.