bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Luffa cylindrica/polypyrrole composite for removing dyes from aqueous media
Authors: de Aguiar Maurício F. , Leal Andressa N. R. , Silva Joyce , de Andrade Gizele G. F. , de Melo Celso P. , Alves Kleber G. B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe report the preparation of a Luffa cylindrica/polypyrrole (LC/PPy) composite and its use for the removal of tartrazine dye (E102) from aqueous media. By use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopies, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we were able to confirm that the PPy chains thoroughly coat the LC matrix, with the composite presenting both amorphous and crystalline phases such as pristine LC. We examined the effects of varying parameters, such as the times allotted for the polymerization and the dye–adsorbent interaction, the E102 initial concentration and the temperature and pH of the solution, on the removal capacity (qe) of the composite. The largest adsorption rate was exhibited by the composite resulting from a 30 min polymerization. At 298 K, the highest value of qe (374.2 mg g−1) occurred at pH 2.0, after 360 min of interaction. The adsorption process occurs spontaneously and is favored by an increase in temperature, with qe = 672.4 mg g−1 at 313 K. We determined that the composite could be used in at least five consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles without noticeable losses of properties. Preliminary experiments indicate that good results were also obtained for the removal of the dyes Remazol Black B, methylene blue and toluidine blue. Overall, these results suggest that the LC/PPy composite is a promising material for use in protocols of removal of dyes from aqueous media. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Comparison of childhood trauma between depressive disorders and personality disorders
Authors: Jayakody Kaushadh , Gunadasa Shalmini 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe relationship between childhood trauma with major depressive disorder (MDD) and personality disorders is complex. We explored the differences in the subjective reporting of childhood trauma to determine whether there were differences between those with a diagnosis of personality disorder and those with MDD. Adult patients with depressive symptoms were recruited from three adult psychiatry inpatient wards. Sixty inpatients fulfilled the study criteria and were requested to complete the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). At discharge, diagnosis was determined and was allocated mainly to two groups: those with MDD and those with personality disorder. Those with MDD, dysthymia and subsyndromal depressive symptoms were included in the Depression Broad Definition (DBD) group (secondary analysis). Significantly higher subjective reporting of childhood trauma was observed in the personality disorder group compared with MDD in three CTQ domains. Similarly, significantly higher reporting of childhood trauma was observed in all five CTQ domains in those with a personality disorder compared with the DBD group. In conclusion, the presence of personality disorder was associated with greater subjective reporting of childhood trauma compared with those with MDD, and further research is required to explore the differences in objective experience of childhood trauma between the diagnoses using objective measures.
Sintering evolution monitoring of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene
Authors: Zhou Ying , Ohnishi Takuya , Lesser Alan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUHMWPE nascent powders have been commercially processed by sintering for decades although key aspects of the mechanisms and kinetics of this process are not fully understood. Herein, the volume change during each stage of the sintering is monitored by in‐situ measurements with other characterization methods. Results indicate that the α‐transition plays a crucial role in the early stages of the sintering process. Without pressure during sintering, a large expansion is observed during heating through the α‐transition well before melting and this apparent volume change is also related to the residual stress resulting from the compaction. However, the application of a moderate pressure during heating leads to a significant densification. Specifically, five distinct processes are identified from the in‐situ measurements via customized pressure sintering apparatus. These include room temperature densification, subsequent densification while heating through the α‐transition, process of melt explosion that involves the enthalpic process of crystal melting and the entropic process density changes during the isothermal sintering of non‐equilibrium melt, and the subsequent recrystallization under pressure. The density evolution offers a comprehensive understanding of the intricate processing of UHMWPE nascent powder and this can be effectively employed to investigate the impact of various processing parameters on the sintering process.
Preparation of electrospun PVA@Ls@BAC@PDMS composite nanofibrous air filtration membrane with high efficiency removal for PM2.5 and excellent heat resistance
Authors: Wang Yi , Miao Yu , Cai Yuxin , Wang Enfu , Liang YiPeng , Zhong Jinhuan , Zhang Wenbiao , Huang Jingda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDevelopment of water‐soluble polymer air filtration materials attracts considerable attentions due to their environmentally friendly performance and high efficiency, but the balance of mechanical strength, efficiency and pressure drop still is a severe challenge. Focusing on this issue, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), bamboo activated carbon (BAC) and sodium lignosulfonate (Ls) were combined to construct an electrospinning system with two filtration functions. In the PVA@Ls@BAC system, the 3D network constructed by the electrospun PVA based nanofibrous could effectively intercept PM2.5, and the introduced Ls enhanced the mechanical strength of PVA nanofibrous due to its good rigidity. In addition, the added negatively charged BAC facilitated the electrostatic adsorption of PM2.5 while also improved the heat resistance of the system. Moreover, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was introduced to enhance the water resistance of the system. The resulting electrospun PVA@Ls@BAC@PDMS composite nanofibrous air filtration membrane exhibited excellent air filtration performance (98.67%), water repellency (123.7° of WCA), and reusable performance, as well as having good mechanical property and the tensile fracture strain reaching 112%. Because of its good performance and simple preparation process, the electrospun PVA@Ls@BAC@PDMS composite nanofibrous air filtration membrane has great application space.
Atmospheric kinetic energy spectra from global and regional NCMRWF unified modelling system
Authors: Niranjan Kumar Kondapalli , Ashrit Raghavendra , Sreevathsa Raghavendra , Kumar Sumit , Mishra A. K. , Thota Mohan S. , Jayakumar A. , Mohandas Saji , Mitra A. K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCharacteristics of the atmospheric kinetic energy (KE) spectrum follow a distinct power‐law dependence in the synoptic (k−3) and mesoscales (k−5/3), where k is the horizontal wave‐number. The representation of this canonical spectral behaviour provides a testimony of the acceptability of the design, configuration and performance of a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. Therefore, the characteristics of the KE spectrum are studied using an operational version of the high‐resolution National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) Unified Model (NCUM) system considering both global (∼12 km mesh) and regional (∼4 km mesh) configurations during the northern hemispheric summer period (June–August 2020). The synoptic‐scale spectral characteristics of the NCUM global (NCUM‐G) model match well with the observed spectrum in the tropics, midlatitudes and polar regions. However, the regional NCUM model (NCUM‐R) outperforms the NCUM‐G in representing the canonical slope at mesoscales. As the NCMRWF is accelerating towards a high‐resolution 6 km global (NCUM‐G6) operational model, the spectral characteristics from NCUM‐G6 are also studied during the monsoon period. Though the representation of the mesoscale spectrum is better in NCUM‐G6 relative to NCUM‐G, the regional model surpasses both the global models while demonstrating the mesoscale characteristics close to the observed spectral slopes. Further, the mesoscale spectrum deviates gradually from the Lindborg (1999) analytical fit in the mesoscales around 20Δx (where Δx ∼ 4 km), which specifies an effective resolution of the regional model. Hence, the regional model needs refinements optimally to further reduce the energy dissipation at high wave‐numbers to improve the mesoscale features at the limits of its grid resolution.
Daytime convective development over land: The role of surface forcing
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWater availability at the Earth surface determines the portioning of the surface heat flux into its sensible and latent components, that is, the surface heat flux Bowen ratio. The two components affect differently the surface buoyancy flux and thus the development and growth of the convective boundary layer. As a result, the Bowen ratio has a strong impact on the daytime development of dry and moist convection over land. We use two canonical modeling test cases, one for the shallow convection and one for the shallow‐to‐deep convection transition, to document the impact of the surface Bowen ratio on daytime convection development. A simple approach is used where results from simulations featuring the original setup are contrasted with simulations where the surface‐sensible heat flux takes on values of the latent heat flux and vice versa. Such a change illustrates the key impact of the surface water availability without changing the total surface heat flux. Because of the larger surface buoyancy flux, simulations with the reversed surface heat fluxes feature faster deepening of the convective boundary layer and wider clouds once moist convection develops. Mean cloud‐base width of cumulus clouds increases with the boundary‐layer depth. For shallow‐to‐deep convection transition, comparison of simulations with the observed large‐scale flow that feature substantial lower‐tropospheric shear with simulations with no mean horizontal flow suggests that the organization of convective circulations within the boundary layer strongly affects initial size and organization of shallow convection, as well as the subsequent width increase once convection deepens and eventually transitions to deep precipitating convection. A simple explanation is provided of why a deeper well‐mixed convective subcloud layer results in wider clouds. The key is the larger width of boundary‐layer coherent updraft structures when the mixed layer is deeper.
Spontaneous Collapse by Entanglement Suppression
Authors: Buks Eyal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA modified Schrödinger equation having an added nonlinear term, which gives rise to disentanglement, has been recently proposed. The process of quantum measurement is explored for the case of a pair of coupled spins. It is found that the deterministic time evolution generated by the modified Schrödinger equation mimics the process of wavefunction collapse. Added noise gives rise to stochasticity in the measurement process. Conflict with both principles of causality and separability can be avoided by postulating that the nonlinear term is active only during the time when subsystems interact. Moreover, in the absence of entanglement, all predictions of standard quantum mechanics are unaffected by the added nonlinear term.
Magnetic Field Sensitivity Optimization of Negatively Charged Boron Vacancy Defects in hBN.
Authors: Whitefield Benjamin , Toth Milos , Aharonovich Igor , Tetienne Jean‐Philippe , Kianinia Mehran 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOptically active spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have recently emerged as compelling quantum sensors hosted by a two dimensional (2D) material. The photodynamics and sensitivity of spin defects are governed by their level structure and associated transition rates. These are, however, poorly understood for spin defects in hBN. Here, optical and microwave pump‐probe measurements are used to characterize the relaxation dynamics of the negatively charged boron vacancy (VB−)—the most widely‐studied spin defect in hBN. A 5‐level model is used to deduce transition rates that give rise to spin‐dependent VB− photoluminescence, and the lifetime of the VB− intersystem crossing metastable state. The obtained rates are used to simulate the magnetic field sensitivity of VB− defects and demonstrate high resolution imaging of the magnetic field generated by a single magnetic particle using optimal sensing parameters predicted by the model. The results reveal the rates that underpin VB− photodynamics, which is important for both a fundamental understanding of the VB− as a spin‐photon interface and for achieving optimal sensitivity in quantum sensing applications.
Laparoscopic to robotic living donor nephrectomy: Is it time to change surgical technique?
Authors: Papa Sarah , Popovic Aleksandar , Loerzel Sharon , Iskhagi Samir , Gallay Brian , Leggat John , Saidi Reza , Hod Dvorai Reut , Shahbazov Rauf 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to explore differences in outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic donor nephrectomies (LDN).MethodsThis study compared robotic and laparoscopic surgical techniques for live donor nephrectomies in 153 patients at a single centre.ResultsLeft nephrectomies were more common in both groups, but with no significant difference between the groups (76.6% vs. 77.6%, p = 0.88). The robotic donor nephrectomies (RDN) group experienced significantly less blood loss (60 vs. 134 mL, p < 0.01), but warm ischaemia time was similar between groups (3.2 vs. 3.7 min, p = 0.54).The RDN group had decreased subjective pain scores (3.54 vs. 4.21, p = 0.04) and shorter length of hospitalisation (2.22 vs. 3.04 days, p < 0.01).There were also fewer complications in the RDN than the LDN group (4 vs. 8, p = 0.186).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that RDN is a safe and alternative to LDN. Decreased blood loss and hospital stays and fewer complications may reflect decreased tissue manipulation with robotic assistance.
Bioremediation potential of Brevibacillus parabrevis AMB‐CD‐2 in spinach under lead toxicity
Authors: Ismail Safina , Mannade Ajit Kumar , Tedia Koshlendra , Singh Anup Kumar , Chowdhury Tapas , Soni Ravindra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of lead toxicity on the growth parameters of spinach and the performance of lead‐resistant bacterial isolates under lead stress conditions. Out of four bacterial isolates selected for this study, only two isolates AMB‐CD‐2 and AMB‐CD‐4 were selected based on their lead tolerance ability. A polybag experiment was conducted with six treatments and four replications in spinach. The treatments included T1 (RDF + control), T2 (lead acetate), T3 (AMB‐CD‐2 + lead), T4 (AMB‐CD‐4 + lead), T5 (AMB‐CD‐2), and T6 (AMB‐CD‐4). Results showed that lead contamination significantly decreased plant growth parameters, particularly in the treatment T2 (lead acetate) when compared with other treatments. Similarly, reduced uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) was recorded in T2. Inoculation with lead‐resistant bacteria, AMB‐CD‐2, significantly improved plant growth parameters (plant height, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and root length). The uptake of NPK was higher in T5 (AMB‐CD‐2) in the absence of lead by approximately 0.81%, 0.37%, and 0.42% than in the control, respectively. Through atomic absorption spectrophotometer analysis, the lead concentration in treatment T2 (control) was about 3.20 mg/g while in treatment T3 (AMB‐CD‐2 + lead) it was about 1.32 ppm. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that AMB‐CD‐2 resembles Brevibacillus parabrevis. The results demonstrate that the lead‐resistant bacteria B. parabrevis AMB‐CD‐2 showed a significant lead reduction of approximately 58.75% compared to the control.
Whose entry to primary school is deferred or delayed? Evidence from the English National Pupil Database
Authors: Campbell Tammy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper explores national patterns of entry to primary school in England over the past decade. It focuses on deferred entry (where children begin Reception with the cohort below) and delayed entry (where children miss some or all of Reception, and enter Year 1 with their ‘normal’ cohort). In 2014, the Department for Education's (DfE's) guidance began to be updated to clarify the ‘right to request’ later entry. Analyses of the National Pupil Database (NPD) show a rise in deferral rates from this point. However, rates of delayed entry remain fairly steady after this time. Variation by local authority in deferral rates has become wider over recent years. Children with special educational needs and/or disabilities (SEND), as recorded in the NPD, are now much more likely to defer entry, alongside those who would be youngest in their ‘normal’ cohort (August‐borns). Children from families eligible for free school meals (FSM) and from families speaking English as an Additional Language (EAL) are less likely. When these factors are interacted, children with SEND from more advantaged families (proxied by FSM and EAL) are most likely. Alongside additional inequalities in patterns of deferral and delay, these findings interrogate the DfE's assessment that ‘good progress has been made’ in terms of ‘right to request’ later school entry, and that, ‘the system is now working well’. They also raise wider questions around the accessibility, fairness and efficacy of such quasi‐policies which confer a ‘right to request’ aspects of a child's education, rather than enshrining them through legislation as an unconditional, mainstreamed option for all.Context and implicationsRationale for this studyBefore this study, there was no national quantitative evidence on patterns of and inequalities in deferred and delayed entry to primary school in England.Why the new findings matterNew findings show that children from more advantaged (higher‐income/English‐speaking) families are more likely to be deferred and to enter reception with the cohort below.Implications for policy‐makersPolicy makers should consider whether a system relying on non‐statutory guidance and ‘right to request’ later school entry adds to inequities, if access to the option is not equitably accessible. They should transparently assess the current situation, using new evidence, and ensure all children's needs are met when beginning primary school.
Carbon sequestration potential of process‐based river restoration
Authors: Hinshaw Sarah , Wohl Ellen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFloodplain restoration can enhance the capacity for carbon sequestration by facilitating higher water tables, deposition of fine sediment, and increased input and residence time of organic matter. We measured floodplain soil organic carbon stocks in nine stream restoration projects across the western United States and compared them to nearby degraded and reference condition floodplains. Degraded floodplains had the lowest soil mean carbon stocks in the majority of floodplains measured (range 161–894 Mg C/ha), and reference stocks had the highest stocks (range 391–904 Mg C/ha) of those with statistically significant differences between the three categories. Across all sites measured, stream restoration sites, referred to as treatment sites, had stocks (range 203–1028 Mg C/ha) similar to degraded condition floodplains but the largest range. When modeled under degraded conditions, four out of nine of the treatment sites had significantly higher OC stocks than predicted. Climate and geologic variables are most influential in predicting carbon stocks, and floodplains in the interior western USA have the highest carbon stocks. As the demand for carbon sequestration increases due to climate change, ecologically responsible floodplain restoration provides a significant opportunity for carbon storage. However, despite the statistically significant relationships we observed in this dataset, the variations within the data in relation to degraded/treatment/reference categories illustrate the uncertainties in quantifying the effects of restoration on floodplain carbon stocks.
Nerve‐Sparing Gynecologic Surgery Enabled by A Near‐Infrared Nerve‐Specific Fluorophore Using Existing Clinical Fluorescence Imaging Systems
Authors: Barth Connor W. , Rizvi Syed Zaki Husain , Masillati Anas M. , Chakraborty Samrat , Wang Lei G. , Montaño Antonio R. , Szafran Dani A. , Greer William S. , van den Berg Nynke S. , Sorger Jonathan , Rao Deepa A. , Alani Adam W.G. , Gibbs Summer L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPatients undergoing gynecological procedures suffer from lasting side effects due to intraoperative nerve damage. Small, delicate nerves with complex and nonuniform branching patterns in the female pelvic neuroanatomy make nerve‐sparing efforts during standard gynecological procedures such as hysterectomy, cystectomy, and colorectal cancer resection difficult, and thus many patients are left with incontinence and sexual dysfunction. Herein, a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent nerve‐specific contrast agent, LGW08‐35, that is spectrally compatible with clinical fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) systems is formulated and characterized for rapid implementation for nerve‐sparing gynecologic surgeries. The toxicology, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of micelle formulated LGW08‐35 are examined, enabling the determination of the optimal imaging doses and time points, blood and tissue uptake parameters, and maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Application of the formulated fluorophore to imaging of female rat and swine pelvic neuroanatomy validates the continued clinical translation and use for real‐time identification of important nerves such as the femoral, sciatic, lumbar, iliac, and hypogastric nerves. Further development of LGW08‐35 for clinical use will unlock a valuable tool for surgeons in direct visualization of important nerves and contribute to the ongoing characterization of the female pelvic neuroanatomy to eliminate the debilitating side effects of nerve damage during gynecological procedures.
Injectable Hydrogels Including Magnetic Nanosheets for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Magnetic Hyperthermia
Authors: Gong Jinyu , Hu Jinlong , Yan Xu , Xiang Luyao , Chen Sheng , Yang Huai , Chen Zichao , Hou Qingbing , Song Yonghong , Xu Yunjun , Liu Dongquan , Ji Chaofei , Qin Qin , Sun Haiyi , Peng Junbin , Cao Baoqiang , Lu Yang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRelapse and unresectability have become the main obstacle for further improving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment effect. Currently, single therapy for HCC in clinical practice is limited by postoperative recurrence, intraoperative blood loss and poor patient outcomes. Multidisciplinary therapy has been recognized as the key to improving the long‐term survival rate for HCC. However, the clinical application of HCC synthetic therapy is restricted by single functional biomaterials. In this study, a magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel (CG‐IM) with iron oxide nanoparticle‐loaded mica nanosheets (Iron oxide nanoparticles@Mica, IM) is reported. This biocompatible magnetic hydrogel integrated high injectability, magnetocaloric property, mechanical robustness, wet adhesion, and hemostasis, leading to efficient HCC multidisciplinary therapies including postoperative tumor margin treatment and percutaneous locoregional ablation. After minimally invasive hepatectomy of HCC, the CG‐IM hydrogel can facilely seal the bleeding hepatic margin, followed by magnetic hyperthermia ablation to effectively prevent recurrence. In addition, CG‐IM hydrogel can inhibit unresectable HCC by magnetic hyperthermia through the percutaneous intervention under ultrasound guidance.