bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting reproductive health among birthing persons with chronic conditions in the United States: A qualitative multilevel study using systems thinking to inform action
Authors: Smith Cambray , Fatima Hiba , McClain Erin , Bryant Katherine , Verbiest Sarah , Hassmiller Lich Kristen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjective (Study Question)To use systems thinking with diverse system actors to (a) characterize current problems at the intersection of chronic conditions (CCs) and reproductive health (RH) care and their determinants, (b) determine necessary system actors for change, and (c) document cross‐system actions that can improve identified problems in the United States.Data Sources/Study SettingData were collected from six groups of system actors via online focus groups.Study DesignThis is a qualitative multilevel study using the iceberg systems thinking framework.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsData were collected by note‐taking and recording six focus groups; analysis incorporated perspective triangulation using the systems thinking iceberg and system mapping to visualize interconnected system challenges, actors, and action ideas.Principal FindingsParticipants described eight necessary system actors: health care institutions, medical leaders, medical providers, patient advocates and foundations, patients and families, payors, policy makers, and research funders. Forty pain points were identified, spread across each of the four levels of the systems thinking iceberg: undesirable outcomes (6), concerning trends (9), system structure flaws (15), and problematic mental models (10). In response to these pain points, a set of 46 action ideas was generated by participants and mapped into nine action themes: (1) adjust QI metrics, incentives, and reimbursement, (2) bolster RH medical education and training, (3) break down medical silos, (4) enrich patient education, (5) expand the health care team, (6) improve holistic health care, (7) modify research and programmatic funding to prioritize RH and CC, (8) spur innovation for patient visits, and (9) support professional champions and leaders.ConclusionsBy embracing system complexity, creating visual maps, and pushing participants to identify actionable strategies for improvement, this study generates a set of specific actions that can be used to address pain points across the multiple system levels that make improving reproductive care for people with CCs so challenging.
Particle size influences decay rates of environmental DNA in aquatic systems
Authors: Brandão‐Dias Pedro F. P. , Hallack Daniel M. C. , Snyder Elise D. , Tank Jennifer L. , Bolster Diogo , Volponi Sabrina , Shogren Arial J. , Lamberti Gary A. , Bibby Kyle , Egan Scott P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a powerful tool for remote detection of target organisms. However, obtaining quantitative and longitudinal information from eDNA data is challenging, requiring a deep understanding of eDNA ecology. Notably, if the various size components of eDNA decay at different rates, and we can separate them within a sample, their changing proportions could be used to obtain longitudinal dynamics information on targets. To test this possibility, we conducted an aquatic mesocosm experiment in which we separated fish‐derived eDNA components using sequential filtration to evaluate the decay rate and changing proportion of various eDNA particle sizes over time. We then fit four alternative mathematical decay models to the data, building towards a predictive framework to interpret eDNA data from various particle sizes. We found that medium‐sized particles (1–10 μm) decayed more slowly than other size classes (i.e., <1 and > 10 μm), and thus made up an increasing proportion of eDNA particles over time. We also observed distinct eDNA particle size distribution (PSD) between our Common carp and Rainbow trout samples, suggesting that target‐specific assays are required to determine starting eDNA PSDs. Additionally, we found evidence that different sizes of eDNA particles do not decay independently, with particle size conversion replenishing smaller particles over time. Nonetheless, a parsimonious mathematical model where particle sizes decay independently best explained the data. Given these results, we suggest a framework to discern target distance and abundance with eDNA data by applying sequential filtration, which theoretically has both metabarcoding and single‐target applications.
Difficult diagnosis in the ICU: making the right call but beware uncertainty and bias
Authors: Pisciotta W. , Arina P. , Hofmaenner D. , Singer M. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryDealing with an uncertain or missed diagnosis is commonplace in the intensive care unit setting. Affected patients are subject to a potential decrease in quality of care and a greater risk of a poor outcome. The diagnostic process is a complex task that starts with information gathering, followed by integration and interpretation of data, hypothesis generation and, finally, confirmation of a (hopefully correct) diagnosis. This may be particularly challenging in the patient who is critically ill where a good history may not be forthcoming and/or clinical, laboratory and imaging features are non‐specific. The aim of this narrative review is to analyse and describe common causes of diagnostic error in the intensive care unit, highlighting the multiple types of cognitive bias, and to suggest a diagnostic framework. To inform this review, we performed a literature search to identify relevant articles, particularly those pertinent to unclear diagnoses in patients who are critically ill. Clinicians should be cognisant as to how they formulate diagnoses and utilise debiasing strategies. Multidisciplinary teamwork and more time spent with the patient, supported by effective and efficient use of electronic healthcare records and decision support resources, is likely to improve the quality of the diagnostic process, patient care and outcomes.
Circular RNA ARHGAP5 inhibits cisplatin resistance in cervical squamous cell carcinoma by interacting with AUF1
Authors: Deng Sisi , Qian Lili , Liu Luwen , Liu Hanyuan , Xu Zhihao , Liu Yujie , Wang Yingying , Chen Liang , Zhou Ying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide. Patients with advanced cervical carcinoma always have a poor prognosis once resistant to cisplatin due to the lack of effective treatment. It is urgent to investigate the molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are known to exert their regulatory functions in a series of malignancies. However, their effects on CSCC remain to be elucidated. Here, we found that cytoplasmic circARHGAP5, derived from second and third exons of the ARHGAP5 gene, was downregulated in cisplatin‐resistant tissues compared with normal cervix tissues and untreated cervical cancer tissues. In addition, experiments from overexpression/knockdown cell lines revealed that circARHGAP5 could inhibit cisplatin‐mediated cell apoptosis in CSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circARHGAP5 interacted with AU‐rich element RNA‐binding protein (AUF1) directly. Overexpression of AUF1 could also inhibit cell apoptosis mediated by cisplatin. Furthermore, we detected the potential targets of AUF1 related to the apoptotic pathway and found that bcl‐2‐like protein 11 (BIM) was not only negatively regulated by AUF1 but positively regulated by circARHGAP5, which indicated that BIM mRNA might be degraded by AUF1 and thereby inhibited tumor cell apoptosis. Collectively, our data indicated that circARHGAP5 directly bound to AUF1 and prevented AUF1 from interacting with BIM mRNA, thereby playing a pivotal role in cisplatin resistance in CSCC. Our study provides insights into overcoming cancer resistance to cisplatin treatment.
Exploration of caregiver experiences of reported first signs of autism
Authors: Smith Holly , Black Melissa H. , Thompson Craig , Falkmer Marita , Falkmer Torbjorn , Girdler Sonya , Milbourn Ben 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThis study explored caregiver‐reported first signs of autism and caregiver experiences of reporting these signs to health professionals using a multiple methods approach.BackgroundWithin the Australian context, children who have been diagnosed with autism represent a significant proportion of individuals requiring access to disability services. Due to the importance of accessing early intervention services to support future outcomes, it is vital that first signs are noticed, reported, and the diagnosis process begun as soon as possible.MethodPhase 1 of the study included a secondary analysis of a survey of caregivers, while phase 2 consisted of focus groups of caregivers of children on the autism spectrum.ResultsSurvey data indicated that most children were aged 12–18 months when first signs were noticed, with first signs noticed earlier in females than males. Children were age 2–6 years when caregivers sought advice and received a diagnosis. Uncertainty and a lack of information often left caregivers feeling frustrated and under‐supported when seeking advice and diagnosis. Despite first signs being recognised early by caregivers, barriers to information and seeking help and support resulted in significant delays in receiving a diagnosis.ConclusionsThe study provides valuable consideration of the caregiver perspective regarding reported first signs of autism and the additional challenges faced by caregivers living in regional and rural areas. By being more informed of what caregivers first notice, health professionals may also be able to provide better support and advice to caregivers in regard to access to diagnosis and early intervention services.
From Villages to Urban Neighborhoods: Urbanization and Health
Authors: Shen Yu , Sun Wenkai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith rapid urbanization, millions of rural villagers have become urban citizens in China. This paper estimates the effect of the in situ urbanization policy on an individual's health by employing the difference‐in‐differences framework and using panel survey data from the China Family Panel Studies. Our findings show that this program, unlike other kinds of urbanization, which have had negative impacts on mental health or made people smoke or drink more, increased people's self‐reported health status significantly. Further mechanism analysis reveals that the in situ urbanization policy affected health by increasing people's confidence in the future, their satisfaction with their current lives, and their medical insurance enrollment. This study highlights the importance of “the city comes to villagers” urbanization in China, and it can play an essential role in advancing the urbanization rate and avoiding the negative impacts of urbanization on health.
Paediatric eating disorders: Exploring virtual family therapy during a global pandemic
Authors: Pereira Jessica , Boachie Ahmed , Shipley Caitlin , McLeod Martha , Garfinkel Stephen , Dowdall Janet 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimExplore treatment response and effectiveness of virtual treatment for a paediatric eating disorder sample.MethodsTwenty patients and their families who received either virtual or in‐person family therapy were included in the study. Family therapy was informed by family‐based treatment (FBT) principles. Patients' weight restoration at 1, 3, and 6 months after starting treatment was examined. Independent sample t tests assessed group differences and a Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the association between treatment group and weight restoration.ResultsWeight restoration did not significantly differ between treatment groups (virtual vs. in‐person) at any time point and there was no association between group and remission weight at 6 months.ConclusionsStudy results are considered exploratory. Future research addressing study limitations is needed. Results suggest that paediatric eating disorder patients may benefit from family therapy delivered via a virtual platform.
Analysis of co‐medication in people with dementia
Authors: Wurm Raphael , Parvizi Tandis , Goeschl Stella , Untersteiner Helena , Silvaieh Sara , Stamm Tanja , Cetin Hakan , Reichardt Berthold , Stögmann Elisabeth 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeDementia prevalence is increasing, with numbers projected to double by 2050. Risk factors for its development include age and cardiovascular comorbidities, which are found more often in patients with dementia and should be treated properly to improve outcomes. In this case–control study, we analysed a large population‐based prescription database to explore the patterns of co‐medication in patients with dementia.MethodsPrescription claims covering >99% of the Austrian population from 2005 to 2016 were obtained. Patients who were treated with an approved antidementia drug (ADD) were included and co‐medication exposure was recorded. A group of people not taking ADDs was matched for age, sex and follow‐up duration as a control.ResultsWe included 70,799 patients on ADDs who were exposed to a mean of 5.3 co‐medications while control patients were treated with a total of 5.2 co‐medications (p < 0.001). We found that patients on ADDs received less somatic (4.1 vs. 4.5) but more psychiatric medication (1.1 vs. 0.6;p < 0.001 for both). Patients on ADDs were less likely to be treated for pain, cardiovascular conditions or hyperlipidemia. More than 50% of patients on ADDs were treated with antidepressants or antipsychotics. Greater number of co‐medications was associated with markers of more intensive antidementia treatment.ConclusionPatients on ADDs received more medications overall but were less frequently treated for somatic conditions known to be more prevalent in this group. Together, our data suggest that management of comorbidities in dementia could be improved to optimize outcome and quality of life.
Evisceration in a Thoroughbred gelding following application of a topical chemotherapy agent for the treatment of sarcoids
Authors: Baldwin Alexandra J. , Mair Tim S. , Busschers Evita 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis report describes the evisceration of the jejunum following acute dehiscence of the abdominal wall in an 18‐year‐old gelding, which had undergone treatment for suspected sarcoids on the ventral abdomen with a topical caustic/chemotherapy agent 6 weeks previously. The sarcoid lesions appeared to be responding appropriately to the topical therapy until the day of presentation. The jejunum was safely contained in an abdominal bandage and the horse underwent emergency referral before immediate anaesthesia and further assessment. The horse was euthanised at the owners' request following a guarded prognosis.
Eptinezumab improved patient‐reported outcomes in patients with migraine and medication‐overuse headache: Subgroup analysis of the randomized PROMISE‐2 trial
Authors: Starling Amaal J. , Cowan Robert P. , Buse Dawn C. , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Marmura Michael J. , Hirman Joe , Brevig Thomas , Cady Roger 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of eptinezumab on patient‐reported outcomes in patients with chronic migraine (CM) and medication‐overuse headache (MOH).BackgroundMOH is a secondary headache disorder commonly occurring in patients with CM and associated with functional and psychological impairments. Medication overuse and monthly headache and migraine days were reduced with eptinezumab compared with placebo as published previously; however, these outcomes do not fully capture the burden of migraine and treatment effect.MethodsPROMISE‐2 was a phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in adults with CM. Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to receive eptinezumab 100 mg, eptinezumab 300 mg, or placebo (up to 2 doses, 12 weeks apart). Patients completed the following patient‐reported outcomes: 6‐item Headache Impact Test (HIT‐6), Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), patient‐identified most bothersome symptom (PI‐MBS), and 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36).ResultsA total of 431 CM patients (139, 147, and 145 patients in the eptinezumab 100 mg, eptinezumab 300 mg, and placebo groups, respectively) had MOH diagnosed at screening (40.2% of the total PROMISE‐2 population [n = 1072]). In CM with MOH patients, both doses of eptinezumab were associated with clinically meaningful improvements in mean HIT‐6 total scores by week 4 and remained improved throughout the 24‐week study. Responder rates for individual HIT‐6 items were greater with eptinezumab than with placebo at all time points. At week 12, almost twice as many eptinezumab‐treated patients indicated the PGIC was “much” or “very much” improved (58.5% [79/135, 100 mg] and 67.4% [95/147, 300 mg] vs. 35.8% [48/134, placebo]). Patients in the eptinezumab groups showed numerically greater improvements over placebo in the PI‐MBS and SF‐36 scores.ConclusionsThis subgroup analysis in patients with CM/MOH at baseline suggests that eptinezumab treatment is associated with early, sustained, and clinically meaningful improvements in patient‐reported outcomes.
Online demand disruption in the presence of constrained capacity
Authors: Chen Yujing , Zha Yong , Wang Dong , Bi Gongbing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDemand disruptions are common during emergencies and are typically accompanied by capacity constraints. Using a model in which a firm sells products through an online platform channel and an offline direct channel, we study the effect of demand disruptions on the firm and the online platform in the presence of constrained capacity. Our analysis reveals that prices in both channels are all subject to markup due to constrained capacity in the absence of demand disruptions. When the demand disruption is sufficiently mild, the firm adopts the constant online allocation strategy with sufficient capacity and the constant allocation strategy with limited capacity. When demand fluctuates substantially, the firm chooses a flexible allocation strategy or allocation‐shifting strategy according to whether the capacity is sufficient or constrained. Different from prior studies, the boundary of the firm's optimal strategies depends on the capacity constraint. Furthermore, we find that when the capacity is low relative to some threshold, increasing capacity harms the firm's profits. Finally, we impart insights and provide guidance for the firm in determining optimal pricing and product allocation strategies when facing demand disruptions in other related emergency scenarios.
Phase stability and tensorial thermal expansion properties of single to high‐entropy rare‐earth disilicates
Authors: Salanova Alejandro , Brummel Ian A. , Yakovenko Andrey A. , Opila Elizabeth J. , Ihlefeld Jon F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTemperature limitations in nickel‐base superalloys have resulted in the emergence of SiC‐based ceramic matrix composites as a viable replacement for gas turbine components in aviation applications. Higher operating temperatures allow for reduced fuel consumption but present a materials design challenge related to environmental degradation. Rare‐earth disilicates (RE2Si2O7) have been identified as coatings that can function as environmental barriers and minimize hot component degradation. In this work, single‐ and multiple‐component rare‐earth disilicate powders were synthesized via a sol‐gel method with compositions selected to exist in the monoclinic C 2/m phase (β phase). Phase stability in multiple cation compositions was shown to follow a rule of mixtures and the C 2/m phase could be realized for compositions that contained up to 25% dysprosium, which typically only exists in a triclinic, P , phase. All compositions exhibited phase stability from room temperature to 1200°C as assessed by X‐ray diffraction. The thermal expansion tensors for each composition were determined from high‐temperature synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and accompanying Rietveld refinements. It was observed that ytterbium‐containing compositions had larger changes in the α31 shear component with increasing temperature that led to a rotation of the principal axes. Principal axes rotation of up to 47° were observed for ytterbium disilicate. The results suggest that microstructure design and crystallographic texture may be essential future avenues of investigation to ensure thermo‐mechanical robustness of rare‐earth disilicate environmental barrier coatings.
Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for feeding behaviour and feed efficiency‐related traits in Nelore cattle
Authors: Kava Rafaela , Peripolli Elisa , Brunes Ludmilla C. , Espigolan Rafael , Mendes Egleu D. M. , da Silva Neto João Barbosa , Londoño‐Gil Marisol , Sainz Roberto D. , Lobo Raysildo B. , Baldi Fernando 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to obtain (co)variance components, heritability, and genetic and phenotypic correlation estimates for feed efficiency and feed behaviour‐related indicator traits. Further, it aimed to predict the direct and correlated responses for feed efficiency traits when selection was applied for feeding behaviour‐related traits in Nelore cattle. Phenotypic records (n = 4840) from 125 feed efficiency tests (RFI: Residual feed intake and DMI: Dry matter intake) carried out between 2011 and 2018 were considered in this study. Animals belonged to five farms located in two Brazilian geographical regions (Midwest and Southeast). Animals under similar management and environmental conditions in the feedlot were evaluated when they attained an average of 13.5 ± 4.15 months of age. Feed behaviour‐related traits were also obtained, including meal criteria (MC), meal frequency (MF), average meal duration (AMD), meal duration (MD), average consumption per meal (ACM), and consumption rate (CR) through the GrowSafe System® electronic bunk system. The contemporary groups for all traits were composed of farm, management group, feed efficiency test, sex, and birth year. The (co)variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method considering a multi‐trait (n = 8) animal model. The heritability estimates for RFI (0.23 ± 0.02), DMI (0.31 ± 0.02), MF (0.65 ± 0.02), AMD (0.29 ± 0.02), ACM (0.24 ± 0.02), MD (0.41 ± 0.02), MC (0.48 ± 0.02), and CR (0.42 ± 0.02) were moderate to high. The highest genetic correlation was obtained between CR and MD (−0.91 ± 0.04), MD and AMD (0.73 ± 0.03), CR and AMD (−0.68 ± 0.04), and RFI and DMI (0.81 ± 0.02). The highest phenotypic correlation was between ACM and AMD (0.76 ± 0.02), DMI and MD (0.77 ± 0.02), and DMI and RFI (0.77 ± 0.02). Genetic improvement for feed efficiency and feeding behaviour‐related traits is feasible and the results obtained herein provided valuable information regarding the genetic background of Nelore feeding behaviour‐related traits. The genetic association between feeding behaviour and feed efficiency‐related traits suggested that animals spending less time feeding at a low feeding rate also had lower DMI and higher feed efficiency (RFI), and likely had lower energy maintenance requirements. The relative efficiency of selection showed that feeding behaviour‐related traits were not adequate indicator traits to improve RFI and DMI. The DMI might be an effective selection criterion to improve RFI and reduce the herd's maintenance requirements.