bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The temporal neurovascular coupling response remains intact during sinusoidal hypotensive and hypertensive challenges
Authors: Burma Joel S , Rattana Selina , Oni Ibukunoluwa K , Lapointe Andrew P , Dunn Jeff F , Smirl Jonathan D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction. Neurovascular coupling (NVC) describes the coupling of neuronal metabolic demand to blood supply, which has shown to be impaired with chronic hypertension, as well as with prolonged hypotension. However, it is unknown the extent the NVC response remains intact during transient hypo- and hyper-tensive challenges. Methods. Fifteen healthy participants (9 females/6 males) completed a visual NVC task (‘Where’s Waldo?’) over two testing sessions, consisting of cyclical 30 s eyes closed and opened portions. The Waldo task was completed at rest (8 min) and concurrently during squat-stand maneuvers (SSMs; 5 min) at 0.05 Hz (10 s squat/stand) and 0.10 Hz (5 s squat-stand). SSMs induce 30–50 mmHg blood pressure oscillations, resulting in cyclical hypo- and hyper-tensive swings within the cerebrovasculature, allowing for the quantification of the NVC response during transient hypo- and hyper-tension. Outcome NVC metrics included baseline, peak, relative increase in cerebral blood velocity (CBv), and area-under-the-curve (AUC30) within the posterior and middle cerebral arteries indexed via transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Within-subject, between-task comparisons were conducted using analysis of variance with effect size calculations. Results. Differences were noted between rest and SSM conditions in both vessels for peak CBv (all p < 0.045) and the relative increase in CBv (all p < 0.049) with small-to-large effect sizes. AUC30 metrics were similar between all tasks (all p > 0.090) with negligible-to-small effect sizes. Conclusions. Despite the SSMs eliciting ∼30–50 mmHg blood pressure oscillations, similar levels of activation occurred within the neurovascular unit across all conditions. This demonstrated the signaling of the NVC response remained intact during cyclical blood pressure challenges.
The propagation loss of ultrashort laser pulses in water clouds
Authors: Yang Zhi , Zhang Chong , Zhang Hongchao , Lu Jian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
When a high-power laser beam is incident on water clouds, often along with optical breakdown occurs. In that case, the droplet becomes highly opaque and strongly absorbs incident laser light. In this study, we construct a transient coupling model to elucidate the evolution of the light field and the distribution of plasma in the interaction between laser and cloud droplet in detail, and further quantify the nonlinear absorption of droplet under the action of high-power laser. The results showed that linear dependence existed between the proportion of absorbed energy by the droplet and the incident laser wavelength at the same laser energy. Such a relationship, combined with existing scattering theory, can be used to evaluate the propagation distance of the ultrashort laser in water clouds and the specific light attenuation under different parameters. In the same type of water cloud, the laser propagation distance decreases with increasing laser intensity, thereby confirming the availability of non-linear absorption on the laser propagation. Furthermore, a smaller pulse duration typically corresponds to a larger peak power, which results in stronger non-linear absorption and a shorter propagation distance in water clouds. On the other hand, a comparison of laser propagation distances in different types of water clouds reveals that scattering effects dominate in dense water clouds, with stronger propagation losses to the incident laser. Finally, the light attenuation in different water clouds is given accordingly. This study opens up new perspectives for the assessment of laser propagation loss in different water clouds and the propagation distance.
Artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and big data techniques for the advancements of superconducting technology: a road to smarter and intelligent superconductivity
Authors: Yazdani-Asrami Mohammad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The last 100 years of experience within the superconducting community have proven that addressing the challenges faced by this technology often requires incorporation of other disruptive techniques or technologies into superconductivity. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods including machine learning, deep learning, and big data techniques have emerged as highly effective tools in resolving challenges across various industries in recent decades. The concept of AI entails the development of computers that resemble human intelligence. The papers published in the focus issue, “Focus on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Superconductivity”, represent the cutting-edge and forefront research activities in the field of AI for superconductivity.
Current redistribution model of anomalous resistance behaviour in superconductor-topological insulator heterostructures
Authors: S Abhirami , Amaladass Edward Prabu , Sharma Prashant , K Vinod , A V Thanikaiarasu , Mani Awadhesh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Superconductor-topological insulator (TI) heterostructures are interesting due to induced p-wave superconductivity on the TI surface states near the interface. Transport studies carried out in this work on the TI surface of superconductor-TI (NbN-Bi1.95Sb0.05Se3) heterostructures have revealed anomalous resistance upturn and downturn at millimetre length scales away from the interface. Magnetotransport measurements have indicated that the anomaly is caused due to the superconducting transition of the NbN layer. The strength of the jump in resistance has been found to be strongest at the edges and the sign of the jump found to be opposite along opposite edges. Such resistance upturns and downturns have been previously reported in literature, wherein the upturns have been attributed to the antagonistic ground states of p-wave Cooper pairing and the spin-polarized TI states, and the downturns attributed to induced long-range proximity effects. However, the possibility of long-range superconducting proximity effect has been ruled out in this study through the observation of similar anomaly in NbN-Au and NbN-Al heterostructures. The present study demonstrates that the anomalies in resistance occur due to current redistribution (CRD) effects at the superconducting transition due to the geometry of the heterostructure. Results obtained from finite element analysis using COMSOL software have validated the proposed CRD model of long-range resistance anomalies in superconductor-TI and superconductor-metal heterostructures.
A dual-purpose sensor with a sawtooth U-shaped cavity and a rectangle-shaped cavity in a MIM waveguide structure
Authors: Su Mingrui , Qi Yunping , Li Hao , Zhang Shu , Wang Xiangxian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To improve the performance of subwavelength refractive index and temperature sensors, this paper proposes a subwavelength metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide structure consisting of a sawtooth U-shaped cavity and a rectangular cavity based on surface plasmon polaritons. The transmission spectrum of the system is simulated using the finite element method (FEM) and verified with multi-mode interference coupled-mode theory (MICMT). The results demonstrate excellent sensing characteristics for the system, with a refractive index sensitivity of 1300 nm RIU−1, a figure of merit (FOM*) of 191.262, and a temperature sensitivity of 0.525 nm/°C. This indicates that the nano-plasma system is highly significant in refractive index and temperature sensing.
Entropic force for quantum particles
Authors: Bhattacharya Jayarshi , Gangopadhyay Gautam , Gangopadhyay Sunandan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Entropic force has been drawing the attention of theoretical physicists following E Verlinde’s work in 2011 to derive Newton’s second law and Einstein’s field equations of general relativity. In this paper, we extend the idea of entropic force to the distribution of quantum particles. Starting from the definition of Shannon entropy for continuous variables, here we have derived quantum osmotic pressure as well as the consequent entropic forces for bosonic and fermionic particles. The entropic force is computed explicitly for a pair of bosons and fermions. The low temperature limit of this result show that the entropic force for bosons is similar to Hooke’s law of elasticity revealing the importance of this idea in the formation of a Bose–Einstein condensate. For fermions, the low temperature limit boils down to the well known Neumann’s radial force and also reveals the Pauli’s exclusion principle. The classical limit of the entropic force between quantum particles is then discussed. As a further example, the entropic force for quantum particles in noncommutative space is also computed. The result reveals a violation of the Pauli exclusion principle for fermions in noncommutative space.
Estimation of the size and location of an artificial weld seam defect based on the actual ultrasonic welding phenomenon for online inspection
Authors: Hussen Muktar Seid , Kyosev Yordan Kostadinov , Pietsch Kathrin , Boll Jessica , Kabish Abera Kechi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA series of research has been conducted to analyze the quality of weld seams by non-destructive testing methods. Research on defect analysis using the actual ultrasonic welding phenomenon has not been addressed yet. To ensure a comprehensive quality evaluation, this research estimates the size and location of artificial weld seam defects by the actual ultrasonic welding phenomenon without conventional inspection systems. The welding parameters (power, pressure force, and speed) were carefully selected to ensure optimal bond strength. A superimposed type of seam was produced longitudinally by PVC-coated hybrid textiles in rough to smooth surface contact for two welding groups, using a welding width of 10 mm with an activated cooling air effect. Artificial defects were introduced across the weld seam at five different locations spaced 50 mm apart using Teflon films of 3 and 5 mm width. The actual weld phenomenon of ultrasonic welding process parameters was determined after the recorded machine parameters were converted. The effect of welding process parameters on the seam quality was also analyzed, comparing the weld seam quality between different welding groups and Teflon widths. Based on the discovered graph of the actual welding phenomenon, the location and extent of artificial weld seam defects were estimated. The artificial weld seam defect with a thickness of 0.059 mm at a width of 3.85 mm was estimated at an interval of 50.77 mm using 275 N welding pressure force and 120 W welding power at 2 m min−1welding speed for 3 mm Teflon width. The results showed that the estimated values closely align with the actual size and position of defects. Overall, this research contributes to the development of a non-destructive testing approach for detecting weld seam defects in ultrasonic welding, emphasizing the importance of these techniques for online inspection and control of weld seam quality.
As2O3-poly(1H-pyrrole) nanocomposite for hydrogen generation from Red Sea water with high efficiencey
Authors: Hadia N M A , Rabia Mohamed , Alzaid Meshal , Mohamed W S , Hasaneen M F , Ezzeldien Mohammed , Shaban Mohamed , Ahmed Ashour M , Mohamed S H , Awad M A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This research focuses on the synthesis of a new composite material, As2O3-poly(1H-pyrrole) (P1HP), for the generation of hydrogen gas. The novelty lies in the utilization of eco-friendly and cost-effective seawater as the source of hydrogen gas. The study aims to develop a sustainable and efficient approach for hydrogen production using this novel composite material and seawater as the raw materials. The As2O3/P1HP nanocomposite is synthesized through the polymerization of 1H-pyrrole. The crystal structure and size of the nanocomposite are determined using XRD analysis, which indicates a lattice constant of 11.06 Å and a crystallite size of 4.03 nm via the Scherer equation. The surface topography is visualized using SEM and TEM, revealing the presence of both large agglomerate particles and very small particles with a size of approximately 21 nm. The nanocomposite exhibits excellent optical absorption behavior and a small bandgap of 1.73 eV, making it suitable for hydrogen generation using Red Sea water as an electrolyte. The hydrogen production rate is measured to be 21 μmole cm−1.h, while the current density (Jph) values with and without incidence light are −0.24 and −0.05 mA.cm−2, respectively. The Jph values increase from −0.09 to −0.15 mA.cm−2 as the incidence photon wavelengths increase from 440 to 730 nm, indicating an enhancement in the rate of hydrogen generation. The use of low-cost materials and a natural source of electrolyte make this approach a promising candidate for renewable energy production and hydrogen gas generation.
Solitons in fourth-order Schrödinger equation with parity-time-symmetric extended Rosen-Morse potentials
Authors: Zhang Jia-Rui , Zhu Fang-Yu , Li Wan-Peng , Shen Yu-Jia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigate the fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation modulated by parity-time-symmetric extended Rosen-Morse potentials. Since the imaginary part of the potentials does not vanish asymptotically, any slight fluctuations in the field can eventually cause the nonlinear modes to become unstable. Here we obtain stable solitons by adding the constraints of coefficients, which make the imaginary part of the potentials component vanish asymptotically. Furthermore, we get other fundamental stable single-hump and double-hump solitons by numerical methods. Then we consider excitations of the soliton via adiabatical change of system parameters. The results we obtained in this work provide a way to search for stable localized modes in parity-time-symmetric extended Rosen-Morse potentials with fourth-order dispersion.
Model-independent bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium
Authors: Ai Wen-Yuan , Laurent Benoit , van de Vis Jorinde 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAccurately determining bubble wall velocities in first-order phase transitions is of great importance for the prediction of gravitational wave signals and the matter-antimatter asymmetry. However, it is a challenging task which typically depends on the underlying particle physics model. Recently, it has been shown that assuming local thermal equilibrium can provide a good approximation when calculating the bubble wall velocity. In this paper, we provide a model-independent determination of bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium. Our results show that, under the reasonable assumption that the sound speeds in the plasma are approximately uniform, the hydrodynamics can be fully characterized by four quantities: the phase strengthαn, the ratio of the enthalpies in the broken and symmetric phases, Ψn, and the sound speeds in both phases,csandcb. We provide a code snippet that allows for a determination of the wall velocity and energy fraction in local thermal equilibrium in any model. In addition, we present a fit function for the wall velocity in the casecs=cb= 1/√(3).
Revisiting Affleck-Dine leptogenesis with light sleptons
Authors: Enomoto Kazuki , Hamaguchi Koichi , Kamada Kohei , Wada Juntaro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe revisit the Affleck-Dine leptogenesis via the L H_u flat direction with a light slepton field. Although the light slepton field is favored in low-energy SUSY phenomenologies, such as the muong- 2 anomaly and bino-slepton coannihilation, it may cause a problem in the Affleck-Dine leptogenesis: it may create an unwanted charge-breaking vacuum in the Affleck-Dine field potential so that the Affleck-Dine field is trapped during the course of leptogenesis. We investigate the conditions under which such an unwanted vacuum exists and clarify that both thermal and quantum corrections are important for the (temporal) disappearance of the charge-breaking minimum. We also confirm that if the charge-breaking vacuum disappears due to the thermal or quantum correction, the correct baryon asymmetry can be produced while avoiding the cosmological gravitino problem.
Experimental Verification of a One-dimensional Diffraction-limit Coronagraph
Authors: Itoh Satoshi , Matsuo Taro , Ota Shunsuke , Hara Kensuke , Ikeda Yuji , Kojima Reiki , Yamada Toru , Sumi Takahiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We performed an experimental verification of a coronagraph. As a result, we confirmed that, at the focal region where the planetary point spread function exists, the coronagraph system mitigates the raw contrast of a star-planet system by at least 1 × 10−5 even for the 1-λ/D star-planet separation. In addition, the verified coronagraph keeps the shapes of the off-axis point spread functions when the setup has the source angular separation of 1λ/D. The low-order wave front error and the non-zero extinction ratio of the linear polarizer may affect the currently confirmed contrast. The sharpness of the off-axis point spread function generated by the sub-λ/D separated sources is promising for the fiber-based observation of exoplanets. The coupling efficiency with a single mode fiber exceeds 50% when the angular separation is greater than 3–4×10−1
λ/D. For sub-λ/D separated sources, the peak positions (obtained with Gaussian fitting) of the output point spread functions are different from the angular positions of sources; the peak position moved from about 0.8λ/D to 1.0λ/D as the angular separation of the light source varies from 0.1λ/D to 1.0λ/D. The off-axis throughput including the fiber-coupling efficiency (with respect to no focal plane mask) is about 40% for 1-λ/D separated sources and 10% for 0.5-λ/D separated ones (excluding the factor of the ratio of pupil aperture width and Lyot stop width), where we assumed a linear-polarized-light injection. In addition, because this coronagraph can remove point sources on a line in the sky, it has another promising application for high-contrast imaging of exoplanets in binary systems.
Comparison of the detection efficiency of the four elpasolite scintillators
Authors: Chen Wei , Cao Jinjia , Zhang Biao , Zhang Yulong , Zheng Xiaochang , Gong Xueyu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Elpasolite scintillator is a new inorganic scintillator with
excellent performance, which can be used for neutron and γ
dual mode measurement. The model of elpasolite scintillator detector
was established by Geant4 program based on Monte Carlo method, and
the detection efficiency of four kinds of elpasolite scintillator
was compared, including Cs2LiYCl6 (CLYC),
Cs2LiLaCl6 (CLLC), Cs2LiYBr6 (CLYB), and
Cs2LiLaBr6 (CLLB). The effects on the detection efficiency
of scintillators are studied in four aspects: different section
shape, crystal size, γ/neutron energy, and distance between
radiation source and detector. The results indicate that the
detection efficiencies of CLYB and CLLB are better than those of
CLYC and CLLC, and the detection efficiencies of CLYC and CLLC are
better than those of CLYB and CLLB when the scintillators take the
same cross section parameters. The simulation results also show that
CLYC and CLLC crystals are more suitable for thermal neutron
measurement, while CLYB and CLLB are suitable for slow neutron
detection. This study has certain reference value for designing and
practical application of elpasolite scintillator detector.
Sensitivity analysis of SPH parameters for long-distance water wave propagation
Authors: Trimulyono A , Abror I , Yudo H , Purwanto D B 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The hydrodynamics field continues to be interested in one of the classic free surface flow problems, the propagation of water waves. In this paper, long-distance water wave propagation is investigated using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). One of the mesh-free, Lagrangian particle approaches is SPH. The study’s goal is to derive a set of parameters appropriate for water wave propagation in a large wave tank. A 24.6 m wave gauge was placed in front of the piston wavemaker, which was used to replicate regular waves. Several SPH parameters are subjected to the sensitive analysis. In this investigation, DualSPHysics version 5.0, an open-source SPH solver, was employed. The findings demonstrated that a parameter with a substantial impact on the accuracy of wave profile is double-precision, particle distance, and coefficient of artificial viscosity.
A Study of the Resistance Components of Planing Hull Using Interceptors
Authors: Samuel S. , Yulianti Serliana , Manik Parlindungan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The extreme motions created a negative effect on planing hull. Otherwise, interceptors enable the improvement of hydrodynamic characteristics of the highspeed craft. The total drag of the ship can be divided into two components: pressure and shear forces. This project specifically aims to predict the drag component based on CFD simulation with and without an interceptor based on resistance components. The volume of fluid is used in a compound with a RANS solver to determine drag and trim in calm water conditions. SIMPLE algorithm using overset mesh and DFBI was modeled free in heave and pitch to simulate the rigid body motion as a response to shear and pressure drag exerted by the fluid. A grid independence study has been used to predict uncertainties using time-step and grid spacing. Additionally, to guarantee to proceed with the simulation, ITTC recommendations had been followed. The benchmark study was undertaken as an experimental comparison by Park et al. In general, ship performance was controlled by pressure force in the displacement phase and planing phase, the shear and pressure forces are balanced. The interceptor can decrease the pressure force by 5% in the hump region and planing phase.
Hydraulic Stability of Concrete Armour Unit: A 2D Physical Model Study
Authors: Utami W , Armono H D , Wahyudi  , Sutanto M H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Coastal structures designed to protect against erosion caused by wave action, storm surge, and currents are called revetment. The revetment armour layer design is the critical component of the stability of the structure. Structural failure could occur due to a faulty armour unit’s weight design. The stability test of the BPPT Lock primary layer unit for revetment will be conducted in this study. This study employs an experimental approach to evaluate revetment models in the laboratory using three different structural slope configurations and BPPT Lock primary layer units. It was shown that structure with a 1: 1.15 slope has the least stability, while a structure with a slope of 1: 2 is the most stable for the various wave heights identified in the test. The damage was found in the run-up and run-down areas. A 16 cm wave height in the 1: 1.15 structure’s slope results in 8.99% damage, while at the slope of 1: 1.5 and 1: 2, the damage occurs at 5.42% and 2.56%, respectively.