bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different role of spring season Atlantic SST anomalies in Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) variability before and after early 2000
Authors: Pillai Prasanth A , Dhakate Ashish R , G Kiran V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present study shows that the weak (out-of-phase) correlation between the boreal spring Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) index and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) during the 1990–2002 periods turned into a significant positive relationship after that. During the first period, the major mode of spring season Atlantic SST has stronger cooling in the southeastern region and is intensified by summer. After 2002, the spring pattern has stronger north Atlantic warming extending to the equatorial region continuing to summer. The pattern change of the Atlantic SST is associated with a pre-existing El Nino during period 1 and the formation of La Nina by summer during period 2. During period 1, ENSO-induced ISMR anomalies dominated with weak divergence over India and the Atlantic region, while during period 2, the warm SST anomalies of north Atlantic-induced off-equatorial convection and associated circulation contributed to increased ISMR along with La Nina direct influence on monsoon. The study further showed that during period 2, the increased correlation of ENSO and ISMR is also contributed by the Atlantic SST anomalies with additional off-equatorial wind anomalies and circulation from the north Atlantic extending to the Indian Ocean and monsoon region. Thus, Atlantic SST anomalies play a significant role in ENSO phase reversal and ISMR during the recent period. Many of the seasonal prediction models that participated in the NMME project capture the phase reversal of AMM-ISMR correlation when initialized during February. But models have stronger equatorial SST patterns during the summer season, which is mainly contributed by co-occurring ENSO. The models with a weak AMM-ISMR relationship in the recent period also have a feeble AMM-ENSO association, resulting in weak North Atlantic SST anomalies associated with AMM. The study indicates that the spring season AMM index can provide a predictive signal for ISMR in seasonal prediction models, but they need to simulate proper interactions of the tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Simultaneous succinylacetone-nitisinone measurement in tyrosinemia type I patients and evaluation of nitisinone therapeutic range
Authors: Öktem Rıdvan Murat , İnci Aslı , Biberoğlu Gürsel , Okur İlyas , Ezgü Fatih Süheyl , Tümer Leyla 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction: In tyrosinemia type I (HT1) accumulation of succinylacetone causes severe hepatic and renal dysfunction and hepatocellular carcinoma, and the only drug used in the treatment is nitisinone (NTBC). While succinylacetone measurement from dried blood spots (DBS) is used in the diagnosis of patients, simultaneous measurements of succinylacetone and NTBC are preferred in the treatment follow-up. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of simultaneous LC-MS/MS analysis of succinylacetone and NTBC in HT1 patients. We also evaluated the plasma/DBS ratio and the upper therapeutic range for NTBC. Materials and method: Plasma and DBS samples from HT1 patients were used for succinylacetone and NTBC analyses and LC-MS/MS was used for simultaneous measurements of both of them. Results: The plasma/DBS ratio for NTBC was 1.92. The succinylacetone level, which was determined as the treatment goal, was suppressed (< 1 nmol/L) with the use of NTBC in 95.6% (109/114) of the cases. However, NTBC level was found above the therapeutic upper limit in 64.7% of these cases. Conclusion: The suppression rate of succinylacetone, which is one of the treatment targets for HT1, is high with 95.6%. However, the recommended therapeutic upper limit for NTBC was exceeded in 64.7% of the patients. It is also important to calculate the plasma/DBS NTBC ratio in laboratories analysing NTBC from DBS and to evaluate the therapeutic range targets according to this ratio. Evaluation of an individualized dose with a review of the therapeutic target may be considered in longitudinal studies examining clinical outcomes.
Relationship between SUVmax on 18F-FDG PET and PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: zhou xiang , hu yongquan , sun hong , chen ruohua , huang gang , Liu Jianjun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Our study was to investigate the correlation between 18F-FDG uptake in HCC and tumor PD-L1 expression in HCC, and assess the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for predicting PD-L1 expression in HCC.
Methods
A total of 102 patients with confirmed HCC were included in this retrospective study. The PD-L1 expression and immune cell infiltrating of tumors were determined through immunohistochemistry staining. The SUVmax of HCC lesions were assessed using 18F-FDG PET/CT. The correlation between PD-L1 expression and the clinicopathological were evaluated by the Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis
Results
The SUVmax of HCC primary tumors was higher in patients with poorly differentiated HCC, large tumor size, portal vein tumor thrombus, lymph node and distant metastases, and death. The SUVmax of HCC are correlated with the PD-L1 expression and the number of cytotoxic T cells and M2 macrophage infiltration. PD-L1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor SUVmax, tumor differentiation, tumor size, portal vein tumor thrombosis, and patient survival status and infiltrating M2 macrophages. Further, our results confirmed that SUVmax, portal vein tumor thrombosis, and the number of infiltrating M2 macrophages were closely related to PD-L1 expression and were independent risk factors by multivariate analysis. The combined assessment of SUVmax values and the presence of portal vein tumor thrombosis by 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging can help determine PD-L1 expression in HCC.
Conclusions
FDG uptake in HCC was positively correlated with the PD-L1 expression and the number of cytotoxic T cells and M2 macrophage infiltration. The combined use of SUVmax and portal vein tumor thrombosis by PET/CT imaging assess the PD-L1 expression better in HCC. These findings also provide a basis for clinical studies to assess the immune status of tumors by PET/CT.
Estimating the transmission dynamics of Omicron in Beijing, November to December 2022
Authors: Leung Kathy , Lau Eric H. Y. , Wong Carlos King Ho , Leung Gabriel , Wu Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We tracked the effective reproduction number Rt of Omicron BF.7 in Beijing in November – December 2022 by fitting a transmission dynamic model parameterized with real-time mobility data to (i) the daily number of new symptomatic cases on November 1–11 (when the zero-covid interventions were still strictly enforced) and (ii) the proportion of individuals who participated in online polls on December 10–14 and self-reported to have been previously test-positive. After the announcement of “20 measures”, we estimated that Rt increased to 3.42 (95% CrI: 2.79–4.17) on November 18. Infection incidence peaked on December 10, and the cumulative infection attack rate was 42.5% (95% CrI: 20.3–63.9) on December 14. Surveillance programmes should be rapidly set up to monitor the evolving epidemiology and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 across China.
Development of unsupported IrO2 nano-catalysts for PEM water electrolyzer applications
Authors: Karels Simoné , Felix Cecil , Pasupathi Sivakumar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
IrO2 is a commonly used catalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) applications due to its high stability during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, its activity needs to be significantly improved to justify the use of such a high-cost material. In this study, the activity of the IrO2 catalyst was improved by optimizing two synthesis methods i.e., the modified Adams fusion method (MAFM) and the molten salt method (MSM). Physical characterizations were done via x-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) analyses. The OER performances were evaluated ex-situ via cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and chronopotentiometry (CP) analyses. The XRD results showed that the IrO2 crystallinity and crystallite size increased with increasing temperatures. Optimum OER performances of the IrO2 catalysts were obtained at different temperatures for the two synthesis methods. For the MAFM, a synthesis temperature of 350℃ produced the IrO2 catalyst with the highest OER activity and stability. However, for the MSM, a synthesis temperature of 350℃ produced the IrO2 catalyst with the highest activity while a synthesis temperature of 500℃ produced the catalyst with the highest stability. The IrO2 catalysts showed significantly improved OER performances compared to a commercial IrO2 catalyst under the study’s test conditions.
High-throughput microbead assay system with a portable, cost-effective Wi-Fi imaging module, and disposable multi-layered microfluidic cartridges for virus and microparticle detection, and tracking
Authors: Castro Jorge Manrique , Sommerhage Frank , Khanna Rishika , Childs Andre , DeRoo David , Rajaraman Swaminathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In recent years biomedical scientific community has been working towards the development of high-throughput devices that allow a reliable, rapid and parallel detection of several strains of virus or microparticles simultaneously. One of the complexities of this problem lies on the rapid prototyping of new devices and wireless rapid detection of small particles and virus alike. By reducing the complexity of microfluidics microfabrication and using economic materials along with makerspace tools (Avra Kundu, Ausaf, and Rajaraman 2018) it is possible to provide an affordable solution to both the problems of high-throughput devices and detection technologies. We present the development of a wireless, standalone device and disposable microfluidics chips that rapidly generate parallel readouts for selected, possible virus variants from a nasal or saliva sample, based on motorized and non-motorized microbeads detection, and imaging processing of the motion tracks of these beads in micrometers. Microbeads and SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Delta variant were tested as proof-of-concept for testing the microfluidic cartridges and wireless imaging module. The Microbead Assay (MA) system kit consists of a WiFi readout module, a microfluidic chip, and a sample collection/processing sub-system. Here, we focus on the fabrication and characterization of the microfluidic chip to multiplex various micrometer-sized beads for economic, disposable, and simultaneous detection of up to six different viruses, microparticles or variants in a single test, and data collection using a commercially available, WiFi-capable, and camera integrated device (Fig. 1).
To bury or not to bury the k-wires after fixation of a pediatric both bone forearm fracture, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Khaled Mohamed , Fadle Amr A , Hassan Ahmed Abdelazim , Khalifa Ahmed , Nabil Andrew , Hafez Abdelkhaleak , Oyoun Nariman Abol Abol 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The primary objective was to compare refracture incidence of both radius and ulna fracture in two groups treated using intramedullary k-wires where the wires were buried in group I and left exposed in group II. The secondary objective was to compare the final functional outcomes and complications incidence.
Methods
Between March 2019 and February 2021, 60 pediatric patients presented with unstable radius and ulna fractures amenable to surgical intervention using intramedullary K-wires were randomized into Group I (k-wires were buried under the skin) or group II (k-wires were exposed above the skin by 2 cm). In group I, k-wires were removed after full union under general anesthesia as a day case procedure; in group II they were removed in the outpatient clinic. Functional outcome per Price criteria was reported at one-year follow-up.
Results
Included patients had a mean age of 7.6 years (range 5 to 10). The mean operative time was significantly higher in group I (32.33 ± 7.51 vs. 36.77 ± 8.70 minutes, P = 0.03), no difference regarding intraoperative x-ray exposure (43.12 ± 15.52 vs. 41.6 ± 11.96 seconds, P = 0.67). Fracture union was achieved after a mean of 44 ± 2.6 days in group I and 43 ± 1.87 days in group II. One patient had refracture, and two had deep infection necessitated surgical debridement in group I. All patients reported excellent scores per Price criteria and achieved full wrist and elbow ROM compared to the contralateral non-injured side.
Conclusion
Exposed implants are a safe option when dealing with pediatric forearm fractures with similar complications rate and functional outcomes compared to buried implants; however, it confers fewer hospital admissions.
Histopathological Patterns of Cervical Cancer Among Females Presenting to Makerere University Pathology Core Reference Laboratory. A 5-year Review
Authors: Fred Lopwonya , Moses Mwanja 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction:The global burden of cervical cancer is heavily concentrated in low- and middle-income countries, having the highest rates in sub-Saharan Africa. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in Ugandan women with an estimated 6959 new cases and 4607 deaths in 2020. The histopathological differentiation of cervical cancer is a major determinant in treatment options for cervical cancer and is a major determinant of the prognosis of the disease. However, there is paucity of data regarding cervical cancer patterns in Uganda. The study aimed to determine the histopathological pattern of cervical cancer among females presenting to Makerere university pathology core reference laboratory.
Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study employing the use of quantitative methods of data collection was conducted within Makerere university pathology core reference laboratory. The study obtained information on patients who had a cervical cancer diagnosis by histology from 2017 to 2021.The Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 18.
Results: A total of 120 patients from 2017 to 2021 were recruited into the study. The mean age of the patients was 47.5 (SD 13.1), the youngest patient was 21 years and the oldest was 80 years of age. Cervical cancer was more prevalent in women aged between 35 to 54 years 77(64.2%) and women with HIV infection 26(21.7%). Squamous cell carcinoma presents in 102 (85%) patients was the most prevalent pattern of cervical cancer. This was followed by adenocarcinoma 7 (5.8%) and adenosquamous 5 (4.2%) histological patterns of cervical cancer.
Conclusions: Cervical cancer is predominant among women with HIV and women aged 35-55 years. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent pattern of cervical cancer in Uganda present in every 9 out 10 cervical cancer patients. Routine screening of all HIV positive women and women aged 35 years and above is recommended
Carbon footprint of agricultural groundwater pumping with energy demand and supply management analysis
Authors: Koushki Raana , Warren Jason , Krzmarzick Mark James 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Irrigation water is required for increased crop yield and production to satisfy global food demand. However, irrigation also has negative impacts, including the production of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from groundwater pumping. To lessen this environmental problem, management methods that minimize agricultural GHG emissions from groundwater pumping should be identified. This work aims to compare measures that decrease agricultural groundwater withdrawal GHG emissions. A comparison among different energy supply and demand management choices for groundwater pumping was made to identify the most effective measure. Results indicated that the best agricultural groundwater pumping management practices are affected by the type of pump (e.g., electricity, natural gas) and source of pumping energy (e.g., coal, natural gas, oil, wind, solar). Due to their higher operational pump efficiency (OPE), electric pumps consume less energy than natural gas pumps to extract an equal volume of groundwater under similar conditions. Nevertheless, natural gas pumps produce less GHG emissions than electric pumps using the U.S. Central and Southern Pains electricity mix. Hence, groundwater pumping energy demand management through improving the OPE)of natural gas pumps will save more GHG emissions (7600 kg CO2-eq year− 1) than switching to electric pumps using the electricity mix applied to this study (2800 kg CO2-eq year− 1). Additionally, switching to cleaner energy sources (wind and solar) can save significantly higher amounts of carbon than just improving OPE. This analysis can guide policymakers and individuals to assist in meeting global GHG emission reduction goals and targets while satisfying increasing food demand.
Non-interference patterns and interference patterns of double slit experiments showing on screen simultaneously
Authors: peng hui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The standard interpretation of Young’s double slit experiment is that the light behaves as waves before and after passing through the diaphragm of the double slit. Recently, the convex lens has been utilized to study the behavior of photons near the diaphragm. The experiments show that, within certain macroscopic distance, the pattern is the particle pattern, e.g., the non-interference pattern, and that the non-interference pattern gradually evolve to the interference pattern.
In this article, we show that, in the double slit experiments, the particle pattern (non-interference pattern) and interference pattern emerge on the screen simultaneously. It is the challenge to interpret this phenomenon.
Comparison of Sr, Pb, and U isotopic compositions of bottled mineral waters produced in Romania and other European countries for authentication
Authors: Beyer Dániel Ernő , Varga Mária , Pánczél János K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose
We analyzed the isotopic composition of four elements, Sr, Pb, U, and Mg, in bottled natural mineral waters and medicinal waters. We aimed to develop a robust geochemistry-based analytical operation procedure to authenticate mineral waters.
Methods
A simplified sample preparation method using ion exchange and corona-ether-based chromatographic workflow was developed together with the optimization of HR-ICP-MS (NU-Attom ES) measurement methods.
Findings:
We found a large diversity in Pb and Sr isotope ratios and the shift of 234U/235U isotopic composition of samples compared to in laboratory reference material derived from NIST2710 SRM. The resolving power of 26Mg/24Mg was limited. 4 samples out of the 25 differed, barely significantly, from the average of all samples. The three Pb isotopic parameters correlated with each other but not all the variations could be explained by one single parameter. Sr, Mg, and U signatures were independent of each other, and Pb isotopic signatures, PCA could not reduce the dimensionality of the data without a large information loss. Using isotopic identification parameters directly, all the different aquifers could be distinguished. The parameter values did not change in a 4-years interval.
Originality:
We report the first multi-isotopic, ICP-MS-based method for food authentication, which is readily applicable in a commercial framework.
Adequação nutricional do café da manhã oferecido por hotéis no sul do Brasil
Authors: Cunha Caroline Moreira , Venzke Janaína Guimarães , Jomori Manuela Mika 
Published: December 2022

Introdução: O café da manhã é uma das principais refeições do dia, sendo uma importante comodidade oferecida em hotéis. Além de colaborar positivamente para uma experiência memorável da hospedagem, contribui para a qualidade e a composição da dieta dos hóspedes, devendo ter como base os alimentos in natura/minimamente processados. Objetivo: Avaliar a composição e a qualidade nutricional dos bufês de café da manhã oferecidos em uma rede hoteleira do sul do Brasil. Métodos: Pesquisa transversal descritiva em que foi aplicado o instrumento de Avaliação da Qualidade Nutricional e Sensorial de Bufês de Café da Manhã – AQCM –, em nove hotéis categorizados em A e B, com o registro dos cardápios e a classificação dos alimentos ofertados de acordo com as diretrizes do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Resultados: Os bufês de café da manhã oferecem opções de bebidas, cereais, frutas, complementos para os pães, derivados de carnes quentes, ovos mexidos, diferentes tipos de pães, salgados e bolos, com aproximadamente 60 tipos de alimentos e preparações diferentes. Em maior quantidade, são ofertados os alimentos ultraprocessados, seguidos dos alimentos in natura/minimamente processados, processados e gorduras e açúcares. Na categoria A é ofertada uma maior variedade de alimentos in natura/minimamente processados, quando comparados ao B, devido à maior variedade de frutas e sucos naturais presentes no bufê. Conclusão: Foi identificada a necessidade de melhorias na composição e na qualidade nutricional dos cafés da manhã e a adoção de estratégias que promovam escolhas mais saudáveis aos hóspedes.
A model for evaluating water distribution system capacity as a function of the total pipeline length
Authors: Loubser Carlo , Grotepass Frans , Winter Jessica May , Jacobs Heinz Erasmus 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Planners are often faced with the challenge to provide crude estimates of water distribution system (WDS) infrastructure capacity and associated costs in the early phases of greenfield developments. This study investigated the relationship between the physical and hydraulic characteristics of a WDS and the corresponding serviced area. Five physical parameters (a) and two hydraulic parameters (b) describing the serviced area were identified for analysis, namely (a) total pipeline length, land area, area shape factor, terrain index, reservoir distance from area centroid and (b) peak flow rate and average static system pressure. Multiple linear regression was performed on the data. A model was compiled linking the total pipeline length of a WDS to the peak flow rate. The model is applicable to predominantly residential service zones larger than 80 hectares with a peak hour flow rate of &lt;450 L/s. The model enables the prediction of the potable water distribution pipe infrastructure required for future development areas in the absence of basic planning information, such as cadastral layouts. Alternatively, the model can estimate the potential maximum peak flow rate that can be supplied, if the total pipeline length is known.