bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REPELLENCE EFFECTS OF RED CHILI AND BLACK PEPPER OLEORESINS AGAINST AGRICULTURALLY IMPORTANT SUCKING PESTS
Authors: RAMAKRISHNAN R. , SELVAMUTHUKUMARAN T. , IQBAL NUSRAT 
Published: December 2022

A study was carried out to evaluate red chili and black pepper oleoresins’ repellence against Citrus psyllids (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), Red spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch), Cotton aphids (aphis gosippi Glover) and Cotton mealy bug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley) at laboratory conditions. In filter paper half of the portion was treated with one ml of respective solution using pipette and air dried under room condition. After they placed into 80 mm petriplates. Then the insects (15 nos ) were released into it and the repellency was recorded at 6 hrs interval. The results revealed that at 1% concentration, the red chili oleoresin possessed the highest repellence against aphids (100%), followed by red spider mites (86.66%) and psyllids (69.33%). The highest repellence (51.20%) in mealybugs was noticed only at the maximum concentration tested (5%).At 1% concentration, repellence was very minimal (25.33%). A similar trend was recorded in black pepper oleoresin also. Both the spice oleoresins had the highest repellence against cotton aphids. Phytotoxicity studies on 25 and 45 days old cotton plants revealed no symptoms at concentrations from 0.1 to 1%. At higher concentrations tested, some minor leaf and boll injuries appeared, and later, the plants recovered.
SACRED GROVES: A NOVICE IDEA FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION
Authors: Malsatar Alpesh , Mehta P 
Published: December 2022

The daily anthropogenic advancements of humans have led to an increase in global carbon emissions. Every year, there has been an increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. One of the least expensive ways to minimize this gas is by biological carbon sequestration in plants. Ecosystems of forests are the most significant carbon sinks among terrestrial ecosystems and have long-term sustainable impacts on limiting climate change. Sacred groves are less disturbed due to religious and mythological beliefs. It can serve as a model for effective carbon sequestration. Sacred groves are known as the small patches of conserved forests protected by man’s spiritual beliefs and cultural practices. These sacred forest patches were studied from the ecological, environmental and floristic points of view by several research workers. Due to their religious and mythological myths and beliefs, sacred groves and sacred plants are conserved well. Apart from being conserved, these sacred plants can also have a higher potential for carbon sequestration. Using a non-destructive method, the total biomass and carbon stored in the sacred tree species have been calculated. The main focus of the current article is on estimating the carbon sequestration of sacred tree species in sacred groves found in selected areas Abdasa Taluka of Kachchh District. Total 51 sacred groves were recorded from 33 villages which cover approximately 23.64 hectares of land area. Carbon sequestration of 537 individuals of 23 tree species was estimated through the standard method. Ficus benghalensis L.is dominated in carbon i.e., 7.36 tones followed by Tamarindus indica L. (5.77 tones), Ficus religiosa L. (5.22 tones), Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf (3.02 tones). Lowest carbon sequestration was recorded in Prosopsis cineraria (L.) Druce, Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub and Punica granetum L. less than 1 tons respectively.
Effect of Methyl Chavicol on the Candida albicans Intracellular Glutathione
Authors: Jabbi, A.M.  , Sani, Z. R.  , Yusuf, B.R.  
Published: December 2022

Herbs, have long been recognized for their medicinal values. Ocimum sanctum belongs to the family Labiatae and is known as Tulsi in Hindi and Holy Basil in English. Tulsi constituents are chiefly femchol, methyl chavicol, linalool, eugenol and ß-caryophyllene, responsible for its anti-bacterial, anti-septic and anti-fungal action. Inhibitory effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Tulsi have been observed on enteric pathogens by Agar diffusion method. Tulsi is also known to have numerous pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, antistress, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anti inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, antihypertensive, CNS depressant, hepatoprotective, radioprotective, antitumor and antimicrobial activities. Methyl chavicol a major constituent of Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum) essential oil has been evaluated against the effect of methyl chavicol on the intracellular Glutathione. Cytosolic reduced glutathione was determined by the method of Jollow with slight modifications. In this method 1.0 ml of the cell free extract was precipitate with 1.0 ml of 4 % sulphosalicylic acid. The samples were then kept for 1 hour at 4ºC and centrifuged at 1200 g for 15 minutes at 40ºC. The assay mixture consisted of 0.1 ml of above supernatant, 2.7 ml of Phosphate buffer (0.01 M, pH 7.4) and 0.2 ml of freshly prepared 5, 5’- dithiobis-2-nitrobenzene (DTNB) in a total volume of 3.0 ml. The colour developed due to the formation of a yellow colored complex, 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate, was measured immediately at 412 nm at 25ºC. It has been found in our study that the levels of glutathione were found to be 144μmole/gm at zero hours i.e. in yeast uninduced cells. Post 2 hours induction shows that levels of reduced glutathione in control untreated cells were found to be 124.4375μmole/gm cells. It went down as the induction period increases; at the end of 24hours induction the GSH levels were found to be 86.56775μmole/gm. These results in agreement with the previous studies. All treated cells showed decreased levels of GSH as the induction period increases. Decrease in GSH was found to be in dose dependent manner. A subsequent fall in the value of reduced glutathione was observed with the increasing concentrations of MC with the lowest being 28.452μmole/gm cells at 50µg/ml concentration of MC after 24 hrs inducton. This result is in coordination with the assumption that methyl chavicol may also affect the glutathione metabolic enzymes and may have affected the cell defense armory.
CONTACT WITH HARMFUL CHEMICALS AND CANCER
Authors: TOPAL CANBAZ Gamze 
Published: December 2022

Problems such as changes in people's lifestyles and standards and environmental pollution have seriously affected human health. It is known that many substances that people eat, drink, use in daily life and are exposed to are harmful to human health. At the beginning of these substances are the substances called “chemicals”. The use of these chemicals has accelerated with the development of industry and technology. It has been determined that many chemicals, which were previously considered harmless, cause diseases, irreversible damages and deterioration of the genetic structure over time.
Cancer is one of the diseases caused by these chemicals. In the cancer statistics of 2020, it has been reported that there are 201 cases of cancer in every 100 thousand people in the world. Despite all the successes in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer in recent years; unfortunately, the war waged by scientists against cancer has not been fully won yet. In this study, the relationship between cancer and chemicals that are frequently used in daily life without being aware of it are discussed.
Viewpoints of Students towards Cyber Counselling
Authors: Asamoah-Gyawu Joseph , Amoako Mathew , Yeboah Grace , Ntoaduro Afua , Dadebo Augustina Atkinson , Attila Frank Lamadoku 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The use of technology has altered the appearance and operations of numerous professions, including that of the counsellor. However, cyber counselling, a recent form of counselling, is a relatively recent phenomenon in Ghana. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the perspectives of students at the University of Cape Coast on the use cyber counselling.
Methods: Using a sample of 600 undergraduates from the University of Cape Coast in Ghana, a descriptive survey was conducted. The male to female ratio was 3:2. A questionnaire with a four-point Likert scale was utilised to collect the data. Means and standard deviations provided answers to the two study research questions that guided the survey. In addition, the two hypotheses were analysed using independent samples t-test.
Results: The survey discovered that respondents had either positive and negative viewpoints or opinions regarding the use of cyber counselling. In addition, both males and females showed affinity to cyber counselling. However, males were somewhat more hostile towards cyber counselling than females.
Recommendations: It was suggested that counsellors should increase their use of cyber therapy in their work with adolescents, as they have learned the skills and knowledge to utilise the internet and are comfortable with cyber counselling or e-counselling.
Association between Iron & Other Trace Elements Deficiency and Febrile Seizure in Children
Authors: Dash Gargy , Sachan Deepak , Tiotia Rahul , Singh Dhirendra Pratap 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizure in children occurring in 2-5 % of them with a peak incidence in 16-18 months. Various factors have been described in the pathophysiology of febrile seizures like susceptibility of the immature brain to temperature, an association between interleukins, circulating toxins, and trace elements deficiency.
Aim: To study the association between serum levels of trace elements (Iron, zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium) in children with febrile seizures.
Study Design: An observational cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatrics of PGIMER, Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi between November 2016 and March 2018.
Methodology: This study was conducted at a tertiary care centre and enrolled 75 children of which 55 were febrile seizures and 20 patients were controls. The serum specimen was collected with all aseptic techniques, and all due precautions were taken for the blood sample to protect them from sunlight exposure, haemolysis and contamination. Then samples were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes and were stored at -20 c until the final assay. Serum Iron, Zinc, Copper and Magnesium levels were measured using a fully automated chemistry analyser (AU400). Data was entered in MS Excel spreadsheets and analysed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21.0.
Results: Children with febrile seizures (cases) were found to have significant iron deficiency (higher TIBC, higher UIBC and lower Ferritin) than the controls (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the serum levels of copper, zinc, magnesium, and ionized calcium in the two groups. There was no difference in serum levels of trace elements in cases with simple or complex febrile seizure.
Conclusion: Children with febrile seizures showed significant iron deficiency (higher TIBC, higher UIBC and lower Ferritin) in cases than those with controls. But, there was no significant association between other serum trace elements (zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium) and febrile seizure. However, further large multi-centric trials are required to suggest any association between them.
Is Portable Cardiopulmonary Ultrasound the Future of Heart Failure Diagnosis?
Authors: Meriem EL Mousaid , Amine Errami , Abdessamad Couissi , Meryem Haboub , Rachida Habbal 
Published: December 2022

Aim of the Study: Heart failure is a major problem of public health in Morroco , pulmonary congestion is a key sign which can be easly detected by pulmonary sonography via interlobular septal thickening.
The aim of this study was to establish a link Between kerley B lines in the lung and signs of pulmonary congestion. In addition to assess the evolution of these parameters in response to diuretic treatment.
Materials and Methods: We prospectively evaluate 118 patients who presented to the emergency of IBN Rochd Hospital in Casablanca with sensation of breathlessness at baseline, 7 days, one month and 3 months for kerley B lines, NYHA Class of dyspnea and the levels of NT pro bnp. the duration of this study was 4 months.
Results: Kerley B lines were present in 87.4% of patients initially, 67.6% had elevated levels of NT-probnp and 53%,30%,16% had dyspnea Class II, III and IV respectively. Diuretic treatment have shown a similar improvement of kerley B lines, levels of NT pro bnp and the class of dyspnea . In deed after a follow up of 3 month : only 7 % of patients had persistant kerley b lines, NT pro bnp levels were high in only 7.6% these findings were concordant with the clinical symptomatolgy. Hence only 7% of our patients suffered from dyspnea at moderate efforts at the end of the study.
Conclusion: We demonstrated in this study a positive correlation between kerley b lines and levels of NT pro-bnp. These findings may facilitate the orientation of patients within the emergency department and help to initiate heart failure treatment rapidely.
Histopathological and Haematological Changes Observed in Adult Wistar Rats Administered with Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) Aqueous Leaf Extract
Authors: Solomon Benard A. , Akinbo Frederick O. 
Published: December 2022

This research work was carried out to investigate the effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Momordica charantia on some hematological parameters and ovaries of adult Wistar rats. Twenty five adult Wistar rats were grouped in to five (Control and A,B,C,D) and fed with saline, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of aqueous leaf extract of the plant respectively for 30 days. Blood was collected for packed cell volume, PCV, white blood cell count, WBC, red blood cell count, RBC and platelet count while ovaries were harvested for histopathological studies. This study was carried out at the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Universityy of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria between October and December 2020. The results of the work showed that there was significant decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), and red blood cell count (RBC) compared with the control (p<0.05) while dilation of blood vessels and thickening of tunica media of arteries were observed in ovaries of the rats. It was concluded that aqueous leaf extract of Momordica charantia has haematological and histomorphological effects on adult Wistar rats which could lead to anaemia and likely infertility.
Structural and Functional Stabilization of L‐Asparaginase via Multisubunit Immobilization onto Highly Activated Supports
Authors: Balcão Victor M. , Mateo Cesar , Fernández‐Lafuente R. , Malcata F. Xavier , Guisán José M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA new protocol for the stabilization of the quaternary structure of multimeric enzymes has been attempted using as model enzyme (tetrameric) L‐asparaginase from Escherichia coli. Such strategy is based upon multisubunit covalent immobilization of the enzyme onto activated supports (agarose‐glutaraldehyde). Supports activated with different densities of reactive groups were used; the higher the density of groups, the higher the stabilization attained. However, because of the complexity of that enzyme, even the use of the highest densities of reactive groups was not enough to encompass all four subunits in the immobilization process. Therefore, a further chemical intersubunit cross‐linking with aldehyde‐dextran was pursued; these derivatives displayed a fully stabilized multimeric structure. In fact, boiling the modified enzyme derivative in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and β‐mercaptoethanol did not lead to release of any enzyme subunit into the medium. Such a derivative, prepared under optimal conditions, retained ca. 40% of the intrinsic activity of the free enzyme and was also functionally stabilized, with thermostabilization enhancements of ca. 3 orders of magnitude when compared with its soluble counterpart. This type of derivative may be appropriate for extracorporeal devices in the clinical treatment of acute leukemia and might thus bring about inherent advantages in that all subunits are covalently bound to the support, with a longer half‐life and a virtually nil risk of subunit release into the circulating blood stream.
Purification of κ‐Casien Glycomacropeptide from Sweet Whey with Undetectable Level of Phenylalanine
Authors: Nakano Takuo , R. Silva‐Hernandez Eryck , Ikawa Noriaki , Ozimek Lech 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGlycomacropeptide (GMP) found in sweet whey is a biologically active compound released from κ‐casein by the action of chymosin during cheese making. This study was undertaken to purify GMP from sweet whey as a research chemical on a laboratory scale. Glycomacropeptide was isolated from proteins and other non‐GMP compounds by deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid and gel chromatography on Sephacryl S‐200. The purified GMP accounted for 0.12% of dry sweet whey powder and contained 107.0, 50.9, 61.2 and 4.3 μg, respectively, of sialic acid, galactose, galactosamine and phosphorus per mg dry weight. The GMP was of high purity, with its amino acid composition showing undetectable levels of phenylalanine, tyrosine and arginine, the amino acids that do not occur in bovine GMP. On gel electrophoresis, the GMP showed a single broad band with an average mobility faster than that of carbonic anhydrase (molecular weight = 31 kDa). The purified GMP may be used as a standard glycopeptide in chromatography and electrophoresis and may also be used to test various known or unknown properties and biological activities of this compound.
Low‐Cost Serum‐Free Medium for the BTI‐Tn5B1–4 Insect Cell Line
Authors: Donaldson Michael S. , Shuler Michael L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe BTI‐Tn5B1–4 insect cell line, commercially available as the High Five cell line (Invitrogen), supports higher levels of recombinant protein production compared to existing insect cell lines. Proprietary serum‐free media such as ExCell 405 (JRH Biosciences), Express Five (Life Technologies), IS BAC (Irvine Scientific), and CCM3 (HyClone) are available which were developed specifically for a suspension culture of High Five cells. While these media are highly optimized, a lower cost alternative is desirable for large‐scale protein production which is also serum‐free and supports good cell growth (>5 × 106 cells/mL) and recombinant protein production (>50 mg/L of secreted protein). The amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism of the Tn5B1–4 cells was first examined. It was found that asparagine was nearly depleted during batch growth in Ex‐Cell 405, without limitations in glutamine, other amino acids, or glucose. Alanine also accumulated to about 35 mM during growth. We then extended the formulation techniques for medium development used for Spodoptera cell lines to the Tn5B1–4 cell line. A medium based on IPL‐41 basal medium, Hy‐Soy protein hydrolysate (Quest, International), yeastolate ultrafiltrate, a lipid−sterol emulsion, and Pluronic F‐68 was developed. Dextran sulfate (100 μg/mL) was used to induce a single cell suspension culture. This medium is denoted as ISYL and performs best when supplemented with a 2.5% lipid−Pluronic F‐68 mixture. Supplementation with additional aspargine in a 1.5% lipid−Pluronic F‐68 mixture did not improve growth, suggesting that a lipid was growth‐limiting and not an amino acid. Ex‐Cell 405 and ISYL with 2.5% lipid−Pluronic F‐68 supplement supported virtually identical growth rates, extent of growth (ca. 6.0 × 106 cells/mL) in an 80% oxygen atmosphere, and supported production of SEAP (secreted human alkaline phosphatase) at a volumetric level of about 65−70 mg/L. Thus, the less expensive ISYL medium can deliver acceptable performance and may be suitable for large‐scale insect cell cultures.
The clinical relevance of epithelial dysplasia in the surgical margins of tongue and floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma: an analysis of 37 patients
Authors: Weijers M. , Snow G. B. , Bezemer P. D. , Van Der Wal J. E. , Van Der Waal I. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:  The clinical relevance of the presence of epithelial dysplasia in the margins of surgically removed oral squamous cell carcinoma is still unclear.Method:  In a retrospective study, the presence of mild or moderate epithelial dysplasia in the surgical margins of tongue and floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma was examined histologically. Patients with tumor cells within 0.5 cm of the surgical margins were excluded. Also patients with severe dysplasia were excluded, as this is usually regarded as carcinoma in situ. Patients that received postoperative irradiation were also excluded. Only patients who completed a follow‐up period of five years were included. All together, a total number of 37 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria.Results:  Epithelial dysplasia was observed in 7 out of the 37 patients. Five of these patients, and two of the 30 patients with no dysplasia, had a local recurrence (P < 0.01).Conclusion:  The presence of mild or moderate epithelial dysplasia in the margins of surgically removed oral squamous cell carcinoma carries a significant risk for the development of local recurrence. However, it should be noted that this study was of a retrospective nature and that the group of patients with epithelial dysplasia in the surgical margins was rather small. On the other hand, the inclusion criteria were somewhat strict, by limiting the oral subsite to tongue/floor of mouth, by excluding patients in whom tumors cell were found within 0.5 cm of the surgical margins and by excluding patients who received postoperative radiotherapy, amongst others.
The structure of the carbohydrate backbone of the lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter baumannii strain ATCC 19606
Authors: Vinogradov Evgeny V. , Duus Jens Ø. , Brade Helmut , Holst Otto 
Published: July 2002

The chemical structure of the phosphorylated carbohydrate backbone of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Acinetobacter baumannii strain ATCC 19606 was investigated by chemical analysis and NMR spectroscopy of oligosaccharides obtained after deacylation or mild acid hydrolysis. From the combined information the following carbohydrate backbones can be deduced:where R1= H and R2 = α‐Glcp‐(1→2)‐β‐Glcp‐(1→4)‐β‐Glcp‐(1→4)‐β‐Glcp‐(1 as major and R1 = Ac and R2= H as minor products.All␣monosaccharides are d‐configured. Also, smaller oligosaccharide phosphates were identified that are thought to represent degradation products of the above structures.
Mediterranean landscape changes: evidence from old postcards
Authors: Debussche Max , Lepart Jacques , Dervieux Alain 
Published: July 2002

SummaryRecent, rapid and often underestimated landscape changes have occurred over large areas in Mediterranean Europe. They are the result of major rural depopulation. Old photographs of landscapes taken at the beginning of the twentieth century (i.e. old postcards) and present‐day photographs taken at the same places were compared in a 2500‐km2 area of southern France. Vegetation changes were analysed using transition matrices. During the 80‐year study period, land uses and vegetation changed dramatically. Woodland cover and tree height increased; but in contrast, the extent of cropped lands and rangelands decreased. Forest spread was heterogeneous, depending on initial composition of the vegetation, and locally dominant ecological and socio‐economic conditions. Our data show that a Mediterranean forest can re‐establish under humid climatic conditions and spread within a century, despite severe prior exploitation over several decades. These dramatic changes are liable to have biological and ecological consequences (e.g. spread of woodland species, threat against open habitat species, fire regime modification, deterioration in water resources), some of them being already perceptible.