bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytopathology of benign sebaceous salivary gland neoplasia: Comparison of two analogous yet dissimilar entities
Authors: Sheldon Jesse D. , Wakely Paul E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionBenign sebaceous salivary gland (SG) neoplasms represent approximately 0.2% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Not only are fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy findings of sebaceous adenoma (SA) and sebaceous lymphadenoma (SLA) limited, but their findings are also rarely compared with one another.Materials and MethodsOur cytopathology files were searched for examples of benign sebaceous SG neoplasms with concomitant histopathological verification. FNA biopsy and cell collection were performed using standard technique.ResultsOne case each of parotid SA and parotid SLA showed markedly dissimilar cytomorphology. The SA case was composed of a repetitive population of profusely multivacuolated polygonal cells with single and multiple nuclei, and was specifically recognised cytologically as a sebaceous neoplasm due to its characteristic cytoplasmic vacuolisation. The SLA case, however, was characterised by smears filled primarily with lymphocytes and only scant widely scattered basaloid cell clusters. A non‐specific diagnosis of basaloid neoplasm was rendered. In retrospect, recognition of sebaceous differentiation was limited to rare cell groups.ConclusionThough nominally, epidemiologically, and to a degree histopathologically analogous, the cytopathology of SA and SLA are markedly dissimilar, reflecting the dominant cell component in each. With FNA biopsy, a specific interpretation is more likely for SA than SLA due to the overwhelming obscuring lymphoid population in the latter.
Association between prescription drug monitoring programs use mandates and prescription stimulants received by Medicaid enrollees
Authors: Gunadi Christian , Shi Yuyan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionPrescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) use mandates are an important policy tool to curb nonmedical opioid use. However, data are scarce about their efficacy on other commonly used prescription drugs such as stimulants.MethodsWe used 2010–2020 state‐level secondary data from Medicaid State Drug Utilisation Data and quasi‐experimental difference‐in‐differences research design to estimate the association between PDMP use mandates and population‐adjusted stimulants (amphetamines and methylphenidate) prescribing outcomes: (i) number of prescriptions filled; and (ii) total amount reimbursed in US dollars. To account for heterogeneity in mandates across US states, two policy variables were considered: limited and expansive. Limited PDMP use mandates require prescribers or dispensers to check the PDMP only when prescribing/dispensing opioids or benzodiazepines, while expansive PDMP use mandates are non‐specific to opioids/benzodiazepines and require prescribers or dispensers to check the PDMP when prescribing/dispensing targeted controlled substances in Drug Enforcement Agency Schedule II–V. The sample included 49 US states and the District of Columbia. Nevada was excluded since it implemented the PDMP mandate before the period of analysis.ResultsThe state‐wide implementation of the PDMP use mandate, either limited or expansive, was not associated with the number of prescriptions filled or the total amount reimbursed in US dollars for stimulants among Medicaid enrollees.Discussion and ConclusionThere was no evidence for the associations between PDMP use mandates and stimulant prescribing among Medicaid enrollees. Future works are encouraged to replicate the study in other populations and with longer post‐period analysis when the impact of the mandates might be more successfully materialised.
Novel quantitative assessment indicators for efficiency and precision of endoscopic submucosal dissection in animal training models by analyzing an electrical surgical unit
Authors: Masunaga Teppei , Kato Motohiko , Sasaki Motoki , Iwata Kentaro , Miyazaki Kurato , Kubosawa Yoko , Mizutani Mari , Takatori Yusaku , Matsuura Noriko , Nakayama Atsushi , Takabayashi Kaoru , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesAlthough endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) training is important, quantitative assessments have not been established. This study aimed to explore a novel quantitative assessment system by analyzing an electrical surgical unit (ESU).MethodsThis was an ex vivo study. Step one: to identify the novel efficiency indicators, 20 endoscopists performed one ESD each, and we analyzed correlations between their resection speed and electrical status. Step two: to identify the novel precision indicators, three experts and three novices performed one ESD each, and we compared the stability of the electrical status. Step three: three novices in step two performed 19 additional ESDs, and we analyzed the learning curve using novel indicators.ResultsStep one: the percentage of total activation time (AT) of ESU in the procedure time (β coefficient, 0.80; P < 0.01) and AT required for submucosal dissection (β coefficient, −0.57; P < 0.01) were significantly correlated with the resection speed. Step two: coefficient of variation of the AT per one pulse (0.16 [range, 0.13–0.17] vs. 0.26 [range, 0.20–0.41], P = 0.049) and coefficient of variation of the peak electric power per pulse during mucosal incision (0.14 [range, 0.080–0.15] vs. 0.25 [range, 0.24–0.28], P = 0.049) were significantly lower in the experts than in the novices. Regarding the learning curve, the percentage of total AT of ESU in the procedure time and AT required for submucosal dissection had a trend of improvement.ConclusionNovel indicators identified by analyzing ESU enable quantitative assessment for endoscopist's skill.
Safety of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rigato Mauro , Fadini Gian Paolo , Avogaro Angelo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are particularly effective in preventing adverse outcomes of heart failure and chronic kidney disease, which are highly prevalent in the elderly. Here, we aimed to access the safety of SGLT2i in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting safety outcomes of the elderly (≥65 years) patients with type 2 diabetes, randomized to an SGLT2i or placebo. We recorded the incidence of acute kidney injury, volume depletion, genital tract infections, urinary tract infections, bone fractures, amputations, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemia and drug discontinuation, by group of treatment.ResultsOf the 130 RCTs screened, only six reported data on elderly patients. In total, 19 986 patients were included. The SGLT2i discontinuation rate was approximately 20%. The risk of acute kidney injury was significantly lower among SGLT2i users compared with placebo [risk ratio (RR) 0.73; 95% CI 0.62‐0.87]. SGLT2i were associated with a six‐fold increased risk of genital tract infections (RR 6.55; 95% CI 2.09‐20.5). The rate of amputations was increased only among canagliflozin users (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.25‐3). The risk of fractures, urinary tract infection, volume depletion, hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis was similar between SGLT2i and placebo.ConclusionsSGLT2is were well tolerated in the elderly. However, older patients are underrepresented in most RCTs and a call for action is need to favour clinical trials reporting safety outcomes stratified by age.
Spatial distribution of cereal aphids determines their abundance and population density in winter wheat stands
Authors: Honěk Alois , Dixon Anthony F. G. , Martinková Zdenka , Pekár Stano , Růžek Pavel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe numbers per tiller (abundance) and per unit area of ground (population density) of the dominant cereal aphids in winter wheat crops, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were recorded from 2000–2015. The results were used to test the hypothesis that at the population peak and 4 weeks previously, the population density of aphids in winter wheat crops (Triticum aestivum L., Poaceae) is uniformly distributed with respect to surface area and, as a result, their abundance is high in sparse stands (SPA) where the colonizing aphids are scattered among a small number of tillers (ca. 80 m−2), and low in dense stands (DEN) where they are scattered among a larger number of tillers (ca. 440 m−2). This prediction was verified for S. avenae, the population density of which did not significantly differ between SPA and DEN stands throughout this period. This species feeds mainly on the ears, whose nutritional quality for aphids varies little with crop density and during the course of ripening. In contrast and contrary to our prediction, the population density of M. dirhodum increased throughout this period more rapidly in SPA than in DEN stands. This species lives on leaves whose quality is better and remain present for longer during the course of ripening of the crop in SPA than DEN stands. The abundance of both species was higher in SPA than in DEN stands. Greater direct damage to cereal crops can be expected when using technologies and cultivars of winter wheat that need to be planted sparsely.
Discriminative value of different combinations of tests to detect unilateral neglect in patients with right hemisphere damage
Authors: Azouvi Philippe , Rousseaux Marc , Bartolomeo Paolo , Pérennou Dominic , Pradat‐Diehl Pascale , Wiart Laurent , Rode Gilles , Godefroy Olivier ,   for the members of the Groupe d'Etude sur la Rééducation et l'Evaluation de la Negligence unilatérale
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study was undertaken to assess the most sensitive combination of tests to detect peripersonal unilateral neglect (UN) after stroke.MethodsThe present study is a secondary analysis of a previously reported multicentric study of 203 individuals with right hemisphere damage (RHD), mainly subacute stroke, 11 weeks postonset on average, and 307 healthy controls. A battery of seven tests, providing 19 age‐ and education‐adjusted z‐scores, were given: the bells test, line bisection, figure copying, clock drawing, overlapping figures test, and reading and writing. Statistical analyses used a logistic regression and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve after adjustment on demographic variables.ResultsA combination of four z‐scores based on the following three tests provided good discrimination of patients with RHD from matched healthy controls: the starting point and the difference between the number of omissions on left and right sides from the bells test, rightward deviation in bisection of long lines (20 cm), and left‐sided omissions in a reading task. The area under the ROC curve was 0.865 (95% confidence interval = 0.83–0.901), with sensitivity = 0.68, specificity = 0.95, accuracy = 0.85, positive predictive value = 0.90, and negative predictive value = 0.82.ConclusionsThe most sensitive and parsimonious combination of tests to detect UN after stroke relies on four scores from three simple tests (bells test, line bisection, and reading). Future study is warranted to assess its ability to account for the functional difficulties of UN in daily life in the patient's actual environment.
Metagenomic insights into the alteration of soil N‐cycling‐related microbiome and functions under long‐term conversion of cropland toMiscanthus
Authors: Zhao Chunqiao , Yue Yuesen , Guo Qiang , Wu Juying , Song Jinku , Wang Qinghai , Li Cui , Hu Yang , Wang Sisi , Yuan Ning , Wang Zhengang , Fan Ranran , Hou Xincun , Fan Xifeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMiscanthusspp. show excellent application prospects due to its bioenergy potential and multiple ecological services. Annual N export with biomass harvest fromMiscanthus, even without fertilizer supplement, do not reduce soil N levels. The question arises regarding howMiscanthuscan maintain stable soil N levels. Metagenomic strategies were used to reveal soil N‐cycling‐related microbiome and their functional contributions to processes of soil N‐cycling based on the comparison among the bare land, cropland, 10‐yearMiscanthus × giganteus, and 15‐yearMiscanthus sacchariflorusfields. The results showed that, after long‐term cropland‐to‐Miscanthusconversion (LCMC), 16 of 21 bacterial phyla and all the archaeal phyla exhibited significant changes. Soil microbial denitrification and nitrification functions were significantly weakened, and N fixation (NF) was significantly enhanced. The biosynthesis of amino acids, especially alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, in soil N‐cycling‐related microbiome was dramatically promoted. The genus Anaeromyxobacter contributed largely to the NF process after LCMC. Variations in the soil available potassium, available N, organic C, and total N contents drove a functional shift of soil microbiome from cropland toMiscanthuspattern. We conclude thatMiscanthuscan recruit Anaeromyxobacter communities to enhance NF benefiting its biomass sustainability and soil N balance.
Clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of gastric neuroendocrine tumour (NET) G3 and comparisons with neuroendocrine carcinoma and NET G2
Authors: Chen Shuai , Sun Lin , Chen Haozhu , Li Jiaxin , Lu Chenglu , Yang Yichen , Sun Yan 
Published: July 2023

AimsTo characterise the clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of gastric neuroendocrine tumour G3 (gNET G3) and to compare them with those of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (gNEC) and gNET G2.Methods and resultsA total of 115 gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) were included, of which gNET G3 was different from gNET G1/G2 in terms of tumour location (P = 0.029), number (P = 0.003), size (P = 0.010), the Ki67 index (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and TNM stage (P = 0.011), and different from gNEC/gastric mixed neuroendocrine–non‐neuroendocrine neoplasm (gMiNEN) in terms of tumour size (P = 0.010) and the Ki67 index (P = 0.001). High‐resolution copy number (CN) profiling and validation experiments showed CN gains and high expression of DLL3 in gNET G3. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on CN characteristics showed that gNET G3 was separated from gNEC but mixed with gNET G2. In gene set enrichment analysis, eight pathways were significantly enriched in gNEC when comparing gNET G3 and gNEC (P < 0.05), while no pathways were enriched when comparing gNET G3 and gNET G2. Whole‐exome sequencing and validation experiments showed nonsense mutation of TP53 in one gNET G3, with wild‐type staining for p53. In gNEC, TP53 mutations were detected in four of eight cases, and abnormal expression of p53 was detected in all cases.ConclusionGastric NET G3 is a distinct entity with unique genetic characteristics, which are different from those of gNEC than gNET G2. Our results provide insight into some molecular alterations that may contribute to the development and progression of gNET G3 and serve as potential therapeutic targets.
Utilisation of aquatic fern (Azolla sp.) powder for supplementing semolina pasta: quality characteristics of produced pasta
Authors: Kaur Amreetpal , Singh Arashdeep , Gupta Antima , Surasani Vijay Kumar Reddy , Dhaliwal Salwinder Singh 
Published: July 2023

SummaryAquatic fern (Azolla sp.) powder was used as a non‐conventional protein source to supplement semolina pasta. The pre‐blanched and dried powder of Azolla was used to supplement the pasta at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 per 100 g−1 level followed by its quality evaluation. Increasing Azolla powder content in pasta, the minimum cooking time increased from 5.15 min to 6.00 min (P < 0.05). Similarly cooking loss increased from 3.69% to 5.34%, while swelling index showed a decreasing trend (P < 0.05). In vitro protein digestibility values of produced pasta ranged between 75.32 ± 0.95 and 82.85% ± 1.42%. Increasing Azolla powder content in pasta significantly increased its firmness from 2843.8 to 4197.5 g. Lightness (L*) as well as overall whiteness values were significantly reduced with increasing levels of Azolla powder in pasta (P < 0.05). Sensory acceptability was reduced with the increasing Azolla powder content, being highest for pasta supplemented with 5% and 10% Azolla powder.
Effects of virtual reality and acupressure interventions on pain, anxiety, vital signs and comfort in catheter extraction processes for patients undergoing coronary angiography: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gökçe Esma , Arslan Sevban 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPain and anxiety management in patients undergoing medical and surgical procedures is an important competence area for nurses.AimThis study aimed to determine and compare the effects of virtual reality and acupressure interventions on pain, anxiety, vital signs and comfort levels in the process of femoral catheter extraction for patients undergoing coronary angiography.MethodsThe study was a single‐blind, three‐group, randomized controlled trial conducted in the cardiology clinics of a university hospital in 2021. A total of 153 patients (51 virtual reality, 51 acupressure, 51 control) participated in the study. Data were collected using a Visual Analogue Scale, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, a vital signs follow‐up form and the Perianesthesia Comfort Scale.ResultsBoth intervention groups had significantly lower pain and anxiety scores, as well as higher comfort scores, compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The virtual reality group had lower systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and pulse rate than the control group (p < 0.05). The acupressure group had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate than the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWhile neither intervention group was found to be superior to the other, both interventions improved vital signs and comfort levels by reducing pain and anxiety.
Trends in the use of local intervention for metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Tanaka Ryuma , Hatakeyama Shingo , Narita Shintaro , Sakurai Toshihiko , Tanaka Toshikazu , Miura Hikari , Oishi Takuya , Kawamura Sadafumi , Hoshi Senji , Ishidoya Shigeto , Mitsuzuka Koji , Ito Akihiro , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Habuchi Tomonori , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluated the trends of local intervention and their impact on oncological outcomes in metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer (mHNPC) in real‐world practice.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study included 760 patients treated with either androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) without local treatment (no castration‐resistant prostate cancer [CRPC] progression within 12 months, control group) or ADT plus local intervention (intervention group) between January 2005 and March 2022. We evaluated the trends in the use of local intervention in patients with mHNPC and factors associated with CRPC‐free survival in the intervention group.ResultsThe use of local intervention gradually increased in combination with upfront combination treatment (docetaxel or androgen receptor axis‐targeted agents) for the duration of our study. The number of patients with local intervention combined with upfront treatment was significantly higher in patients with high tumor burden disease than in those with low tumor burden disease. Of the 108 patients who received local intervention, a duration of ≤7 months of initial therapy before local intervention and a level of prostate‐specific antigen ≥0.20 ng/mL at the time of local intervention were significantly associated with poor CRPC‐free survival.ConclusionsThe use of local intervention in combination with upfront therapy to treat mHNPC increased for the duration of our study regardless of the tumor burden. Local intervention in addition to the standard of care for mHNPC may be a feasible treatment option for selected patients, taking into consideration the duration of and response to initial treatment.
Risk Perception Scale of Disease Aggravation for older patients with non‐communicable diseases: Instrument development and cross‐sectional validation study
Authors: Wang Jizhe , Wang Ying , Na Na , Liu Mengqi , Xiu Lulu , Lu Xiaohong , Zhu Xiuli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to develop the Risk Perception Scale of Disease Aggravation for older patients with non‐communicable diseases and evaluate its psychometric properties.DesignInstrument development and cross‐sectional validation study were conducted.MethodsThis study contained four phases. In phase I, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify the conception of disease aggravation and risk perception. In phase II, a draft scale was formulated from face‐to‐face semi‐structured in‐depth interviews by Colaizzi's seven‐step qualitative analysis method and group discussions among the researchers. In phase III, domains and items of the scale were revised in accordance with the suggestions from Delphi consultation and patient feedback. In phase IV, psychometric properties were evaluated.FindingsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses determined four structural factors. Convergent and discriminant validities were acceptable because the average variance extracted coefficients ranged from .622 to .725, and the square roots of the average variance extracted coefficients for the four domains were larger than those of bivariate correlations between domains. The scale also exhibited excellent internal consistency and test–retest reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = .973, intraclass correlation coefficient = .840).ConclusionsRisk Perception Scale of Disease Aggravation is a new instrument that measures the risk perception of disease aggravation for older patients with non‐communicable diseases, including possible reason, serious outcome, behaviour control and affection experience. The scale contains 40 items that are scored on a 5‐point Likert scale, and it has acceptable validity and reliability.ImpactThe scale is applied to identify different levels of risk perception of disease aggravation for older patients with non‐communicable diseases. Clinical nurses can provide targeted interventions to improve older patients' risk perception of disease aggravation based on levels of risk perception during hospitalization and the period before discharge.Patient or Public ContributionExperts provided suggestions for revising the scale dimensions and items. Older patients participated in the scale revision process to improve the wording of the scale.
Stigma, Stereotype, and Self‐Presentation
Authors: Allison Euan 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTHow should we interpret the popular objection that stigmatised subjects are not treated as individuals? The Eidelson View claims that stigma, because of its connection to stereotypes, violates an instance of the general requirement to respect autonomy. The Self‐Presentation View claims that stigma inhibits the functioning of certain morally important capacities, notably the capacity for self‐presentation. I argue that even if we are right to think that stigma violates a requirement to respect autonomy, this is insufficient to account for the full weight of the charge that stigmatised subjects are not treated as individuals. We need the Self‐Presentation View to explain a special threat to agency. I then address the worry that focusing on a concern with being treated as individuals opens the door to the suggestion that treating as superior can be just as morally troubling as stigma. This objection is fatal for the Eidelson View. But the Self‐Presentation View has a number of resources for deflating the worry. We should not exclude the possibility of a moral symmetry between some cases of stigma and some cases of treating as superior. Rather, we should provide a nuanced account of the circumstances in which either phenomenon is detrimental for self‐presentation.