bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DPAGT1‐CDG: Recurrent fetal death
Authors: Tao Huimin , Sun Yu , Zhai Jingfang , Wu Jiebin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a series of relatively uncommon genetic disorders, and variants in the dolichyl‐phosphate N‐acetylglucosamine‐1‐phosphotransferase (DPAGT1) gene can cause DPAGT1‐CDG, which is characterized by multisystem abnormalities: failure to thrive, psychomotor retardation, seizures, etc.PatientsTwo fetuses in a nonconsanguineous family recurrently presented with irregular skull morphology, micrognathia, adduction and supination by prenatal ultrasound. They were finally found dead in utero. Pedigree whole exome sequencing revealed novel compound heterozygous variants in the DPAGT1 gene. We also reviewed 11 previous reports associated with DPAGT1‐CDG.ConclusionsWe report novel variants in the DPAGT1 gene in two fetuses from the same family with intrauterine death.
A neutral comparison of algorithms to minimize L0 penalties for high‐dimensional variable selection
Authors: Frommlet Florian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVariable selection methods based on L0 penalties have excellent theoretical properties to select sparse models in a high‐dimensional setting. There exist modifications of the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) which either control the familywise error rate (mBIC) or the false discovery rate (mBIC2) in terms of which regressors are selected to enter a model. However, the minimization of L0 penalties comprises a mixed‐integer problem which is known to be NP‐hard and therefore becomes computationally challenging with increasing numbers of regressor variables. This is one reason why alternatives like the LASSO have become so popular, which involve convex optimization problems that are easier to solve. The last few years have seen some real progress in developing new algorithms to minimize L0 penalties. The aim of this article is to compare the performance of these algorithms in terms of minimizing L0‐based selection criteria. Simulation studies covering a wide range of scenarios that are inspired by genetic association studies are used to compare the values of selection criteria obtained with different algorithms. In addition, some statistical characteristics of the selected models and the runtime of algorithms are compared. Finally, the performance of the algorithms is illustrated in a real data example concerned with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping.
Protocols for in vitro reconstitution of the cyanobacterial circadian clock
Authors: Chavan Archana , Heisler Joel , Chang Yong‐Gang , Golden Susan S. , Partch Carrie L. , LiWang Andy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCircadian clocks are intracellular systems that orchestrate metabolic processes in anticipation of sunrise and sunset by providing an internal representation of local time. Because the ~24‐h metabolic rhythms they produce are important to health across diverse life forms there is growing interest in their mechanisms. However, mechanistic studies are challenging in vivo due to the complex, that is, poorly defined, milieu of live cells. Recently, we reconstituted the intact circadian clock of cyanobacteria in vitro. It oscillates autonomously and remains phase coherent for many days with a fluorescence‐based readout that enables real‐time observation of individual clock proteins and promoter DNA simultaneously under defined conditions without user intervention. We found that reproducibility of the reactions required strict adherence to the quality of each recombinant clock protein purified from Escherichia coli. Here, we provide protocols for preparing in vitro clock samples so that other labs can ask questions about how changing environments, like temperature, metabolites, and protein levels are reflected in the core oscillator and propagated to regulation of transcription, providing deeper mechanistic insights into clock biology.
Association of probiotic use with nivolumab effectiveness against various cancers: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Arai Junya , Niikura Ryota , Hayakawa Yoku , Suzuki Nobumi , Honda Tetsuro , Okamura Takuma , Hasatani Kenkei , Yoshida Naohiro , Nishida Tsutomu , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Kiyotoki Shu , Ikeya Takashi , Arai Masahiro , Boku Narikazu , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have revealed an association between probiotic use and effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal and lung cancers. However, little is known regarding other cancers, including gastrointestinal cancer.MethodsTo address this issue, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study and the duration of nivolumab treatment for various cancers was compared between probiotic users and non‐users.Results and ConclusionsIn total, 488 patients who received nivolumab therapy were included. In all cancers, no significant differences in treatment duration of nivolumab were observed between probiotic users and non‐users (median 62.0 vs. 56.0, hazard ratio = 1.02, p = 0.825), whereas probiotic use, compared with non‐use, in patients with gastric cancer was significantly associated with a longer duration of nivolumab treatment (55.0 vs. 31.0 days, hazard ratio = 0.69, p = 0.039). In conclusion, probiotics may improve the response to nivolumab and potentially prolong progression‐free survival in patients with gastric cancer.
Silicon‐ and Germanium‐Functionalized Perylene Diimides: Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties, and Their Application as Non‐fullerene Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Schlemmer Bettina , Sauermoser Aileen , Holler Sarah , Zuccalà Elena , Ehmann Birgit , Reinfelds Matiss , Fischer Roland C. , Amenitsch Heinz , Marin‐Beloqui Jose M. , Ludvíková Lucie , Slanina Tomáš , Haas Michael , Rath Thomas , Trimmel Gregor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrganic solar cells have been continuously studied and developed through the last decades. A major step in their development was the introduction of fused‐ring non‐fullerene electron acceptors. Yet, beside their high efficiency, they suffer from complex synthesis and stability issues. Perylene‐based non‐fullerene acceptors, in contrast, can be prepared in only a few steps and display good photochemical and thermal stability. Herein, we introduce four monomeric perylene diimide acceptors obtained in a three‐step synthesis. In these molecules, the semimetals silicon and germanium were added in the bay position, on one or both sides of the molecules, resulting in asymmetric and symmetric compounds with a red‐shifted absorption compared to unsubstituted perylene diimide. Introducing two germanium atoms improved the crystallinity and charge carrier mobility in the blend with the conjugated polymer PM6. In addition, charge carrier separation is significantly influenced by the high crystallinity of this blend, as shown by transient absorption spectroscopy. As a result, the solar cells reached a power conversion efficiency of 5.38 %, which is one of the highest efficiencies of monomeric perylene diimide‐based solar cells recorded to date.
Precipitants of the ineffective labor act enforcement in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ndhlovu Pilot , Ndhlovu Provilence 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe research sought to establish precipitants of ineffective labor act enforcement in the Gokwe area in Zimbabwe. A quantitative approach was used in this study. A survey study design was utilized through the use of a structured questionnaire. The stratified sampling method was used to select 80 participants. What emerged as major precipitants of ineffective labor act enforcement in the country, were lack of education, the legal cost involved, lack of representation, contradictions between Labor Officers and Designated Agents, and the bias of labor act enforcers as well as the distance traveled to seek labor justice. To ensure workers are more conscious of their rights, there should be a rollout of labor act educational campaigns in the country to inform employees and employers of their rights and their boundaries. The Government should remove application costs paid by the winning party at the labor court. To reduce the distance, the government should revisit the labor act, particularly on the issue of designated agents to grant labor officers some power within the jurisdictions of the designated agents to stimulate labor act enforcement and good practices. The dispute resolution system should be less expensive.
Highly Active NiO‐Ni(OH)2‐Cr2O3/Ni Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst through Synergistic Reaction Kinetics
Authors: Chuang Chi‐Huang , Kang Pei‐Hao , Lai Yung‐Yu , Hou Cheng‐Hung , Tseng Wei‐Che , Huang Yan‐Jia , Fang Mu‐Huai , Shyue Jing‐Jong , Kaun Chao‐Cheng , Cheng Yuh‐Jen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh activity catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) play a key role in converting renewable electricity to storable hydrogen fuel. Great effort has been devoted to the search for noble metal free catalysts to make electrolysis viable for practical applications. Here, a non‐precious metal oxide/metal catalyst with high intrinsic activity comparable to Pt/C was reported. The electrocatalyst consisting of NiO, Ni(OH)2, Cr2O3, and Ni metal exhibits a low overpotential of 27, 103, and 153 mV at current densities of 10, 100, and 200 mA cm−2, respectively, in a 1.0 m NaOH electrolyte. The activity is much higher than that of NiOx/Ni or Cr2O3 alone, showing the synergistic effect of NiOx/Ni and Cr2O3 on catalyzing HER. Density functional theory calculations shows that NiO and Cr2O3 on Ni surface lower the disassociation energy barrier for breaking H−OH bond, while Ni(OH)2 and Cr2O3 create preferred sites on Ni surface with near‐zero H* adsorption free energy to promote H* to gaseous H2 evolution. These synergistic effects of multiple‐oxides/metal composition enhance the disassociation of H−OH and the evolution of H* to gaseous H2, thus achieving high activity and demonstrating a promising composition design for noble metal free catalyst.
Three‐dimensional spatial mapping of the human hematopoietic microenvironment in healthy and diseased bone marrow
Authors: Bräunig Sandro , Karmhag Isak , Li Hongzhe , Enoksson Jens , Hultquist Anne , Scheding Stefan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment (HME) plays a pivotal role in regulating normal and diseased hematopoiesis. However, the spatial organization of the human HME has not been thoroughly investigated yet. Therefore, we developed a three‐dimensional (3D) immunofluorescence model to analyze changes in the cellular architecture in control and diseased bone marrows (BMs). BM biopsies from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) were stained sequentially for CD31, CD34, CD45, and CD271 with repetitive bleaching steps to realize five color images with DAPI as a nuclear stain. Hematopoietically normal age‐matched BM biopsies served as controls. Twelve subsequent slides per sample were stacked to create three‐dimensional bone marrow reconstructions with the imaging program Arivis Visions 4D. Iso‐surfaces for niche cells and structures were created and exported as mesh objects for spatial distribution analysis in the 3D creation suite Blender. We recapitulated the bone marrow architecture using this approach and produced comprehensive 3D models of endosteal and perivascular BM niches. MPN bone marrows displayed apparent differences compared to the controls, especially concerning CD271 staining density, megakaryocyte (MK) morphology, and distribution. Furthermore, measurements of the spatial relationships of MKs and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with vessels and bone structures in their corresponding niche environments revealed the most pronounced differences in the vascular nice in polycythemia vera. Taken together, using a repetitive staining and bleaching approach allowed us to establish a 5‐color analysis of human BM biopsies, which is difficult to achieve with conventional staining approaches. Based on this, we generated 3D BM models which recapitulated key pathological features and, importantly, allowed us to define the spatial relationships between different bone marrow cell types. We, therefore, believe that our method can provide new and valuable insights into bone marrow cellular interaction research.
Harmonized multi‐metric and multi‐centric assessment of EEG source space connectivity for dementia characterization
Authors: Prado Pavel , Mejía Jhony A. , Sainz‐Ballesteros Agustín , Birba Agustina , Moguilner Sebastian , Herzog Rubén , Otero Mónica , Cuadros Jhosmary , Z‐Rivera Lucía , O'Byrne Daniel Franco , Parra Mario , Ibáñez Agustín 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionHarmonization protocols that address batch effects and cross‐site methodological differences in multi‐center studies are critical for strengthening electroencephalography (EEG) signatures of functional connectivity (FC) as potential dementia biomarkers.MethodsWe implemented an automatic processing pipeline incorporating electrode layout integrations, patient–control normalizations, and multi‐metric EEG source space connectomics analyses.ResultsSpline interpolations of EEG signals onto a head mesh model with 6067 virtual electrodes resulted in an effective method for integrating electrode layouts. Z‐score transformations of EEG time series resulted in source space connectivity matrices with high bilateral symmetry, reinforced long‐range connections, and diminished short‐range functional interactions. A composite FC metric allowed for accurate multicentric classifications of Alzheimer's disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.DiscussionHarmonized multi‐metric analysis of EEG source space connectivity can address data heterogeneities in multi‐centric studies, representing a powerful tool for accurately characterizing dementia.
Electrical treeing phenomena in two‐layer silicone gel with different crosslinking degrees and its dielectric strength
Authors: Kuroda Risa , Jeon Hyeon‐Gu , Ihori Haruo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSilicone gel is widely used to encapsulate power modules, and improvement of its dielectric strength has been required. So, the purpose of our research is to improve dielectric strength of silicone gel encapsulant, and we focus on crosslinking degree of silicone gel. Previous studies have shown that growth mechanism of electrical tree changes with crosslinking degree of silicone gel. This suggests the possibility that the presence of the interface by different crosslinking degrees inhibits the tree growth. In this paper, we have investigated the tree growth and breakdown characteristics in silicone gel—crosslinking degrees graded layer materials. The interfaces in our study are arrange as being vertical to the line of electric force. Consequently, it was clarified that barrier effect of interface by different crosslinking degrees and the relaxation of electric field in low crosslinking degree region retards on tree growth, which improves the dielectric strength.
Heart failure risk scores in advanced heart failure patients: insights from the LEVO‐D registry
Authors: Codina Pau , Dobarro David , de Juan‐Bagudá Javier , De Frutos Fernando , Lupón Josep , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Gonzalez‐Costello José ,   Spanish LEVO‐D registry Collaborators
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsThe prevalence of advanced heart failure (HF) is increasing due to the growing number of patients with HF and their better treatment and survival. There is a scarcity of data on the accuracy of HF web‐based risk scores in this selected population.This study aimed to assess mortality prediction performance of the Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic HF (MAGGIC‐HF) risk score and the model of the Barcelona Bio‐HF Risk Calculator (BCN‐Bio‐HF) containing N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide in HF patients receiving intermittent inotropic support with levosimendan as destination therapy.Methods and resultsFour hundred and three advanced HF patients from 23 tertiary hospitals in Spain receiving intermittent inotropic support with levosimendan as destination therapy were included. Discrimination for all‐cause mortality was compared by area under the curve (AUC) and Harrell's C‐statistic at 1 year. Calibration was assessed by calibration plots comparing observed versus expected events based on estimated risk by each calculator. The included patients were predominantly men, aged 71.5 [interquartile range 64–78] years, with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (27.5 ± 9.4%); ischaemic heart disease was the most prevalent aetiology (52.5%). Death rate at 1 year was 26.8%, while the predicted 1‐year mortality by BCN‐Bio‐HF and MAGGIC‐HF was 17.0% and 22.1%, respectively. BCN‐Bio‐HF AUC was 0.66 (Harrell's C‐statistic 0.64), and MAGGIC‐HF AUC was 0.62 (Harrell's C‐statistic 0.61).ConclusionsThe two evaluated risk scores showed suboptimal discrimination and calibration with an underestimation of risk in advanced HF patients receiving levosimendan as destination therapy. There is a need for specific scores for advanced HF.
Impact of atrial fibrillation on cerebro‐cardiovascular outcome of heart failure with mildly‐reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Li Na , Zhu Yunlong , Cheng Fangqun , Chen Yongliang , Peng Xin , Wu Mingxin , Huang Haobo , Zhang Lingling , Liao Min , Xiao Sha , Zhang Hui , Zhou Yuying , Chen Sihao , Liu Zhican , Yi Liqing , Peng Yiqun , Fan Jie , Zeng Jianping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsAtrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) often co‐exist and are closely intertwined. The impact of AF on the outcome of patients with heart failure with mildly‐reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) is not fully clear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of AF on the outcomes of hospitalized HFmrEF patients.Methods and resultsThe study included 1691 consecutive patients with HFmrEF (mean 68.2 years, 64.8% male) including 296 AF patients. Patients completed 1 year and mean of 33 month clinical follow‐up after discharge by telephone interview, clinical visit, or community visit. The primary endpoint was cerebro‐cardiovascular events (CCE, composite of HF rehospitalization, stroke, or cardiovascular death). After propensity score matching, 296 patients were included into the AF group (mean 71.5 years) and 592 patients into the non‐AF group (mean 70.6 years). After propensity score matching, CCE at 1 year (59.1% vs. 48.5%, P = 0.003) and at a mean of 33 month (77.0% vs. 70.6%, P = 0.043). AF was independently associated with increased CCE within 1 year (HR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.61, P = 0.010) and at 33 months (HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.43, P = 0.050) post‐discharge after adjusted for other clinical confounders including discharge heart rate, NT‐proBNP, haemoglobin, and uric acid.ConclusionsAF is independently associated with an increased risk of CCE in HFmrEF patients within 1 year and at a mean of 33 months after discharge.
Central generators of migraine and autonomic cephalalgias as targets for personalized pain management: Translational links
Authors: Noseda Rodrigo , Villanueva Luis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMigraine oscillates between different states in association with internal homeostatic functions and biological rhythms that become more easily dysregulated in genetically susceptible individuals. Clinical and pre‐clinical data on migraine pathophysiology support a primary role of the central nervous system (CNS) through ‘dysexcitability’ of certain brain networks, and a critical contribution of the peripheral sensory and autonomic signalling from the intracranial meningeal innervation. This review focuses on the most relevant back and forward translational studies devoted to the assessment of CNS dysfunctions involved in primary headaches and discusses the role they play in rendering the brain susceptible to headache states.Methods and ResultsWe collected a body of scientific literature from human and animal investigations that provide a compelling perspective on the anatomical and functional underpinnings of the CNS in migraine and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. We focus on medullary, hypothalamic and corticofugal modulation mechanisms that represent strategic neural substrates for elucidating the links between trigeminovascular maladaptive states, migraine triggering and the temporal phenotype of the disease.ConclusionIt is argued that a better understanding of homeostatic dysfunctional states appears fundamental and may benefit the development of personalized therapeutic approaches for improving clinical outcomes in primary headache disorders.SignificanceThis review focuses on the most relevant back and forward translational studies showing the crucial role of top‐down brain modulation in triggering and maintaining primary headache states and how these central dysfunctions may interact with personalized pain management strategies.
A monetary policy–based explanation of swap spreads in China
Authors: Fan Longzhen , Hou Xin , Sun Qian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe dynamics of swap spreads in China cannot be explained by commonly recognized factors documented in the literature. A unique feature of China's financial system is that commercial banks are not only long‐term loan providers but also dominant bond investors. Thus, the loan prime rate (LPR) is an opportunity cost for commercial banks' bond holdings. However, the LPR is largely determined by the central bank and often deviates significantly from equilibrium. In contrast, the swap rate is largely determined by the market. Our illustrative model and empirical evidence show that the LPR and funding availability affect bond yields more than swap rates, while volatility in the money market interest rate affects swap rates more than bond yields. Therefore, the swap spread is largely driven by the monetary policy. We also show that swap spreads can be a predictor of excess returns on bonds but not swaps.
Recent progress and emerging strategies for carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China
Authors: Liu Lan , Wang Xin , Wang Zegao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs the global climate crisis intensifies, ecosystems, human society and economic activities are significantly affected. Countries around the world have successively put forward the goal of carbon neutrality or zero carbon. At the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, the Chinese government explicitly proposed making efforts to reach the goal of Carbon Peak (peak of carbon emissions before 2030) and Carbon Neutrality (Dual Carbon) (carbon neutrality before 2060). In October 2021, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the “Opinions on Fully, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concepts to Achieve Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” and the Action Plan for Achieving Carbon Peak before 2030, specifying the targets and tasks related to achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China. As the world's largest developing country, the world's largest manufacturer, and a country with the most complete industrial categories, China will face multiple challenges such as climate change, economic transition, and environmental protection, which requires systematic support from policy, economy, technology, and society. How to achieve the goal will be a great challenge to China's sustainable development. The academic community has conducted extensive exploration on the realization of China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality in many fields, such as energy transformation, industrial structure upgrading, transportation carbon reduction, urban planning and construction, carbon sink enhancement, low‐carbon technologies, green finance, and supporting policies. Among them, policy planning and technological innovation are the most important to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Second, industrial adjustment and enterprise implementation are also important. Therefore, this review will focus on the development status and prospects of policy support, technological innovation, industrial adjustment, and enterprise implementation for achieving dual carbon goals in China. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.