bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embryonic factors mediate the maternal age-induced programming of offspring postnatal behavior in mice
Authors: Ziętek Marta Marlena , Sampino Silvestre 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Advanced maternal age is associated with adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes, including neurodevelopmental disorders. While age-related oocyte and embryonic abnormalities may underlie this association, the aged maternal uterine environment also plays an important role in offspring development and survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of maternal age-related embryonic and uterine factors on pregnancy and offspring behavior, by using a model of reciprocal embryo transfer between old and young female mice. Pregnancies were obtained by transferring embryos collected from either old (9–14 months) or young (3–4 months) C57BL/6J female mice to either young or old recipients. The results showed that embryos from old and young donors have comparable developmental potential when transferred to young recipients, whereas no pregnancies were obtained by transferring embryos of young females to old recipients. Moreover, the offspring conceived by aged females displayed altered ultrasonic vocalization and learning skills compared to the progeny of young females, even though they were both prenatally and postnatally fostered by young recipients. These results indicate that maternal factors mostly determine the occurrence of age-related pregnancy complications, whereas the long-term effects of maternal aging on the offspring’s behavior could be already established at pre-implantation stages and depend on embryonic factors.
Experimental evidence that behavioral nudges in citizen science projects can improve biodiversity data
Authors: Callaghan Corey T , Thompson Maureen , Woods Adam , Poore Alistair G B , Bowler Diana E , Samonte Fabrice , Rowley Jodi J L , Roslan Nadiah , Kingsford Richard T , Cornwell William K , Major Richard E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
One way to improve the value of citizen science data for a specific aim is through promoting adaptive sampling, where the marginal value of a citizen science observation is dependent on existing data collected to address a specific question. Adaptive sampling could increase sampling at places or times—using a dynamic and updateable framework—where data are expected to be most informative for a given ecological question or conservation goal. We used an experimental approach to test whether the participants in a popular Australian citizen science project—FrogID—would follow an adaptive sampling protocol aiming to maximize understanding of frog diversity. After a year, our results demonstrated that these citizen science participants were willing to adopt an adaptive sampling protocol, improving the sampling of biodiversity consistent with a specific aim. Such adaptive sampling can increase the value of citizen science data for biodiversity research and open up new avenues for citizen science project design.
Technological innovations enhance invasive species management in the anthropocene
Authors: Fricke Rachel M , Olden Julian D 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCurbing the introduction, spread, and impact of invasive species remains a longstanding management and policy prerogative. In recent decades, globalization and environmental change have further complicated efforts to execute science-based actions that address these challenges. New technologies offer exciting opportunities to advance invasion science knowledge, enhance management actions, and guide policy strategies but are increasingly complex and inaccessible to most practitioners. In the present article, we offer a synthetic perspective of innovative technologies with applications for invasive species management related to pathway intervention, spread prevention, impact mitigation, and public engagement. We also describe tools that augment big data processing required by some methods (e.g., remote sensing, mobile application data), such as automated image and text recognition built on machine learning. Finally, we explore challenges and opportunities for successful integration of emerging technologies into invasive species management, focusing on pipelines that enable practitioners to integrate tools into practice while recognizing logistic and financial constraints.
Functional connectivity in older adults—the effect of cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Drenth Nadieh , Foster-Dingley Jessica C , Bertens Anne Suzanne , Rius Ottenheim Nathaly , van der Mast Roos C , Rombouts Serge A R B , van Rooden Sanneke , van der Grond Jeroen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ageing is associated with functional reorganization that is mainly characterized by declining functional connectivity due to general neurodegeneration and increasing incidence of disease. Functional connectivity has been studied across the lifespan; however, there is a paucity of research within the older groups (≥75 years) where neurodegeneration and disease prevalence are at its highest. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated associations between age and functional connectivity and the influence of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD)—a common age-related morbidity—in 167 community-dwelling older adults aged 75–91 years (mean = 80.3 ± 3.8). Resting-state functional MRI was used to determine functional connectivity within ten standard networks and calculate the whole-brain graph theoretical measures global efficiency and clustering coefficient. CSVD features included white matter hyperintensities, lacunar infarcts, cerebral microbleeds, and atrophy that were assessed in each individual and a composite score was calculated. Both main and interaction effects (age*CSVD features) on functional connectivity were studied. We found stable levels of functional connectivity across the age range. CSVD was not associated with functional connectivity measures. To conclude, our data show that the functional architecture of the brain is relatively unchanged after 75 years of age and not differentially affected by individual levels of vascular pathology.
Spatial characterization of tangle-bearing neurons and ghost tangles in the human inferior temporal gyrus with three-dimensional imaging
Authors: Zwang Theodore J , Woost Benjamin , Bailey Joshua , Hoglund Zachary , Richardson Douglas S , Bennett Rachel E , Hyman Bradley T 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Studies of post-mortem human tissue provide insight into pathological processes, but are inherently limited by practical considerations that limit the scale at which tissue can be examined, and the obvious issue that the tissue reflects only one time point in a continuous disease process. We approached this problem by adapting new tissue clearance techniques to an entire cortical area of human brain, which allows surveillance of hundreds of thousands of neurons throughout the depth of the entire cortical thickness. This approach allows detection of ‘rare’ events that may be difficult to detect in standard 5 micrometre-thick paraffin sections. For example, it is well established that neurofibrillary tangles begin within a neuron, and ultimately, in at least some instances, persist in the brain even after the neuron has died. These are referred to as ‘ghost tangles’, a term that appropriately implies their ‘difficult to see’ ephemeral qualities. We set out to find ghost tangles as one example of the power of the tissue clearance/image analysis techniques to detect rare events, and to learn what happens at the end-point of a tangle’s life history. We were able to identify 8103 tau tangles, 132 465 neurons and 299 640 nuclei in tissue samples from three subjects with severe Alzheimer’s disease (Braak V–VI) and 4 tau tangles, 200 447 neurons and 462 715 nuclei in tissue samples from three subjects with no significant tau pathology (Braak 0–I). Among these data, we located 57 ghost tangles, which makes them only 0.7% of the total tau tangles observed. We found that ghost tangles are more likely to be found in cortical layers 3 and 5 (49/57), with a select few scattered across other layers 1, 2, 4 and 6. This ability to find rare events, such as ghost tangles, in large enough quantities to statistically test their distribution exemplifies how tissue clearing can be used as a powerful tool for studying selective vulnerability or resilience to pathology across brain regions.
Research progress and prospects on hydrogen separation membranes
Authors: Liu Congmin , Zhang Xin , Zhai Junxiang , Li Xuan , Guo Xiuying , He Guangli 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Membrane separation technologies, with a broad application prospect in the field of hydrogen separation, are characterized by the simplicity of the devices, high energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. The performance of separation membranes is the primary factor that determines the efficiency of hydrogen separation. Therefore, the development of hydrogen separation membranes is always a research focus. This paper presents and reviews the research developments and features of organic membranes, inorganic membranes and hybrid matrix membranes for hydrogen separations. First, the characterization methods of key index parameters of membrane materials are presented. Second, the performance parameters of different types of membrane are compared. Finally, the trend of technological development of different types of membrane materials is forecast.
Using pentamidine to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis in children: a 10-year study in French Guiana
Authors: Heleine Melissa , Elenga Narcisse , Njuieyon Falucar , Martin Elise , Piat Camille , Pansart Chloé , Couppie Pierre , Hernandez Miguel , Demar Magalie , Blaizot Romain 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There are little data on pentamidine as a treatment for paediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The objective of this study was to describe the effectiveness and safety of pentamidine over a 10-year period. Every child seen in French Guiana between 2010 and 2020 with proven CL and treated with pentamidine was included. In total, 55 children met the inclusion criteria – 23 girls and 32 boys. There were 38 patients (38/55, 69%) with a &gt; 50% improvement at 1 month after pentamidine treatment and a complete cure at 3 months; 16 children had a &lt; 50% improvement at 1 month and were given a second dose. Of these 16, 8 showed a complete cure at 3 months, 5 were lost to follow-up and 3 showed therapeutic failure at 3 months. The overall cure rate was 84% (46/55) after one or two doses. In terms of the safety of pentamidine, no severe adverse events (grade ≥ 3) were reported.
Histo-Blood Group Antigen Null Phenotypes Associated With a Decreased Risk of Clinical Rotavirus Vaccine Failure Among Children &lt;2 Years of Age Participating in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study in Kenya, Mali, and the Gambia
Authors: Schwartz Lauren M , Oshinsky Jennifer , Reymann Mardi , Esona Mathew D , Bowen Michael D , Jahangir Hossain M , Zaman Syed M A , Jones Joquina Chiquita M , Antonio Martin , Badji Henry , Sarwar Golam , Sow Samba O , Sanogo Doh , Keita Adama Mamby , Tamboura Boubou , Traoré Awa , Onwuchekwa Uma , Omore Richard , Verani Jennifer R , Awuor Alex O , Ochieng John B , Juma Jane , Ogwel Billy , Parashar Umesh D , Tate Jacqueline E , Kasumba Irene N , Tennant Sharon M , Neuzil Kathleen M , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Elizabeth Halloran M , Atmar Robert L , Pasetti Marcela F , Kotloff Karen L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Previously studied risk factors for rotavirus vaccine failure have not fully explained reduced rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in low-income settings. We assessed the relationship between histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) phenotypes and clinical rotavirus vaccine failure among children &lt;2 years of age participating in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa Study in 3 sub-Saharan African countries.

Methods
Saliva was collected and tested for HBGA phenotype in children who received rotavirus vaccine. The association between secretor and Lewis phenotypes and rotavirus vaccine failure was examined overall and by infecting rotavirus genotype using conditional logistic regression in 218 rotavirus-positive cases with moderate-to-severe diarrhea and 297 matched healthy controls.

Results
Both nonsecretor and Lewis-negative phenotypes (null phenotypes) were associated with decreased rotavirus vaccine failure across all sites (matched odds ratio, 0.30 [95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.56] or 0.39 [0.25–0.62], respectively]. A similar decrease in risk against rotavirus vaccine failure among null HBGA phenotypes was observed for cases with P[8] and P[4] infection and their matched controls. While we found no statistically significant association between null HBGA phenotypes and vaccine failure among P[6] infections, the matched odds ratio point estimate for Lewis-negative individuals was &gt;4.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated a significant relationship between null HBGA phenotypes and decreased rotavirus vaccine failure in a population with P[8] as the most common infecting genotype. Further studies are needed in populations with a large burden of P[6] rotavirus diarrhea to understand the role of host genetics in reduced rotavirus vaccine effectiveness.
Management of Diarrhea in Young Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: Adherence to World Health Organization Recommendations During the Global Enteric Multisite Study (2007–2011) and the Vaccine Impact of Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study (2015–2018)
Authors: Deichsel Emily L , Keita Adama Mamby , Verani Jennifer R , Powell Helen , Jamka Leslie P , Hossain M Jahangir , Jones Joquina Chiquita M , Omore Richard , Awuor Alex O , Sow Samba O , Sanogo Doh , Tapia Milagritos D , Neuzil Kathleen M , Kotloff Karen L 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundReducing diarrhea-related morbidity and mortality is a global priority, particularly in low-resource settings. We assessed adherence to diarrhea case management indicators in the Global Enteric Multisite Study (GEMS) and Vaccine Impact of Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) study.MethodsGEMS (2007–2010) and VIDA (2015–2018) were age-stratified case-control studies of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in children aged &lt;5 years. In this case-only analysis, we included children enrolled in The Gambia, Kenya, and Mali. A case with no dehydration received adherent care at home if they were offered more than usual fluids and at least the same as usual to eat. Children with diarrhea and some dehydration are to receive oral rehydration salts (ORS) in the facility. The recommendation for severe dehydration is to receive ORS and intravenous fluids in the facility. Adherent care in the facility included a zinc prescription independent of dehydration severity.ResultsFor home-based management of children with MSD and no signs of dehydration, 16.6% in GEMS and 15.6% in VIDA were adherent to guidelines. Adherence to guidelines in the facility was likewise low during GEMS (some dehydration, 18.5%; severe dehydration, 5.5%). The adherence to facility-based rehydration and zinc guidelines improved during VIDA to 37.9% of those with some dehydration and 8.0% of children with severe dehydration.ConclusionsAt research sites in The Gambia, Kenya, and Mali, suboptimal adherence to diarrhea case management guidelines for children aged &lt;5 years was observed. Opportunities exist for improvement in case management for children with diarrhea in low-resource settings.
A Description of the Statistical Methods for the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study
Authors: Powell Helen , Liang Yuanyuan , Neuzil Kathleen M , Jamka Leslie P , Nasrin Dilruba , Sow Samba O , Hossain M Jahangir , Omore Richard , Kotloff Karen L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Diarrheal diseases remain a health threat to children in low- and middle-income countries. The Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) study was a 36-month, prospective, matched case-control study designed to estimate the etiology, incidence, and adverse clinical consequences of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in children aged 0–59 months. VIDA was conducted following rotavirus vaccine introduction at 3 censused sites in sub-Saharan Africa that participated in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) ∼10 years earlier. We describe the study design and statistical methods of VIDA and where they differ from GEMS.

Methods
We aimed to enroll 8–9 MSD cases every 2 weeks from sentinel health centers in 3 age strata (0–11, 12–23, 24–59 months) and 1 to 3 controls matched by age, sex, date of case enrollment, and village. Clinical, epidemiological, and anthropometric data were collected at enrollment and ∼60 days later. A stool specimen collected at enrollment was analyzed by both conventional methods and quantitative PCR for enteric pathogens. For the matched case-control study, we estimated the population-based, pathogen-specific attributable fraction (AF) and attributable incidence adjusted for age, site, and other pathogens, and identified episodes attributable to a specific pathogen for additional analyses. A prospective cohort study nested within the original matched case-control study allowed assessment of (1) the association between potential risk factors and outcomes other than MSD status and (2) the impact of MSD on linear growth.

Conclusions
GEMS and VIDA together comprise the largest and most comprehensive assessment of MSD conducted to date in sub-Saharan Africa populations at highest risk for morbidity and mortality from diarrhea. The statistical methods used in VIDA have endeavored to maximize the use of available data to produce more robust estimates of the pathogen-specific disease burden that might be prevented by effective interventions.
Shigellain Africa: New Insights From the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study
Authors: Kasumba Irene N , Badji Henry , Powell Helen , Hossain M Jahangir , Omore Richard , Sow Samba O , Verani Jennifer R , Platts-Mills James A , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Zaman Syed M A , Jones Jennifer , Sen Sunil , Permala-Booth Jasnehta , Nasrin Shamima , Roose Anna , Nasrin Dilruba , Ochieng John Benjamin , Juma Jane , Doh Sanogo , Jones Joquina Chiquita M , Antonio Martin , Awuor Alex O , Sugerman Ciara E , Watson Nora , Focht Christopher , Liu Jie , Houpt Eric , Kotloff Karen L , Tennant Sharon M 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the burden of Shigella spp from children aged 0–59 months with medically attended moderate-to-severe diarrhea and matched controls at sites in Mali, The Gambia, and Kenya participating in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) study from 2015 to 2018.MethodsShigella spp were identified using coprocultures and serotyping in addition to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Episode-specific attributable fractions (AFe) for Shigella were calculated using Shigella DNA quantity; cases with AFe ≥0.5 were considered to have shigellosis.ResultsThe prevalence of Shigella was determined to be 359 of 4840 (7.4%) cases and 83 of 6213 (1.3%) controls by culture, and 1641 of 4836 (33.9%) cases and 1084 of 4846 (22.4%) controls by qPCR (cycle threshold &lt;35); shigellosis was higher in The Gambia (30.8%) than in Mali (9.3%) and Kenya (18.7%). Bloody diarrhea attributed to Shigella was more common in 24- to 59-month-old children (50.1%) than 0- to 11-month-old infants (39.5%). The Shigella flexneri serogroup predominated among cases (67.6% of isolates), followed by Shigella sonnei (18.2%), Shigella boydii (11.8%), and Shigella dysenteriae (2.3%). The most frequent S. flexneri serotypes were 2a (40.6%), 1b (18.8%), 6 (17.5%), 3a (9.0%), and 4a (5.1%). Drug-specific resistance among 353 (98.3%) Shigella cases with AMR data was as follows: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (94.9%), ampicillin (48.4%), nalidixic acid (1.7%), ceftriaxone (0.3%), azithromycin (0.3%), and ciprofloxacin (0.0%).ConclusionsA high prevalence of shigellosis continues in sub-Saharan Africa. Strains are highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics while remaining susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin.
Prevalence ofSalmonellain Stool During the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015–2018
Authors: Kasumba Irene N , Powell Helen , Omore Richard , Hossain M Jahangir , Sow Samba O , Ochieng John Benjamin , Badji Henry , Verani Jennifer R , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Sen Sunil , Nasrin Shamima , Permala-Booth Jasnehta , Jones Jennifer A , Roose Anna , Nasrin Dilruba , Sugerman Ciara E , Juma Jane , Awuor Alex , Jones Joquina Chiquita M , Doh Sanogo , Okoi Catherine , Zaman Syed M A , Antonio Martin , Hunsperger Elizabeth , Onyango Clayton , Platts-Mills James , Liu Jie , Houpt Eric , Neuzil Kathleen M , Kotloff Karen L , Tennant Sharon M 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundNon-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a common cause of gastroenteritis in young children, with limited data on NTS serovars and antimicrobial resistance in Africa.MethodsWe determined the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and frequency of antimicrobial resistance among serovars identified in stools of 0–59 month-old children with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and controls enrolled in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study in The Gambia, Mali, and Kenya in 2015–2018, and compared with data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS; 2007–2010) and the GEMS-1A study (2011). Salmonella spp. was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and culture-based methods. Identification of serovars was determined by microbiological methods.ResultsBy qPCR, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. among MSD cases was 4.0%, 1.6%, and 1.9% and among controls was 4.6%, 2.4%, and 1.6% in The Gambia, Mali, and Kenya, respectively, during VIDA. We observed year-to-year variation in serovar distribution and variation between sites. In Kenya, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium decreased (78.1% to 23.1%; P &lt; .001) among cases and controls from 2007 to 2018, whereas serogroup O:8 increased (8.7% to 38.5%; P = .04). In The Gambia, serogroup O:7 decreased from 2007 to 2018 (36.3% to 0%; P = .001) but S. enterica serovar Enteritidis increased during VIDA (2015 to 2018; 5.9% to 50%; P = .002). Only 4 Salmonella spp. were isolated in Mali during all 3 studies. Multidrug resistance was 33.9% in Kenya and 0.8% in The Gambia across all 3 studies. Ceftriaxone resistance was only observed in Kenya (2.3%); NTS isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin at all sites.ConclusionsUnderstanding variability in serovar distribution will be important for the future deployment of vaccines against salmonellosis in Africa.
The Full Impact of Rotavirus Vaccines in Africa Has Yet to Be Realized
Authors: Steele A Duncan , Armah George E , Mwenda Jason M , Kirkwood Carl D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Africa bears the brunt of diarrheal mortality globally. Rotavirus vaccination rates are high across the continent and demonstrate impact on diarrheal disease reduction. Nevertheless, there is room for significant improvement in managing rotavirus vaccine coverage, in access to recognized public services such as appropriate medical care, including oral rehydration therapy and improved water and sanitation.