bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Busy day effect on adverse obstetric outcomes using a nationwide ecosystem approach: Cross‐sectional register study of 601 247 hospital deliveries
Authors: Vilkko Riitta , Räisänen Sari , Gissler Mika , Stefanovic Vedran , Kalliala Ilkka , Heinonen Seppo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo study the busy day effect on selected neonatal adverse outcomes in different sized delivery hospitals and in the entire nationwide obstetric ecosystem.DesignA cross‐sectional register study.SettingThe lowest and highest 10% of the daily delivery volume distribution were defined as quiet and busy days, respectively. The days between (80%) were defined as optimal delivery volume days. The differences in the incidence of selected adverse neonatal outcome measures were analysed between busy versus optimal days and quiet versus optimal days at the hospital category and for the entire obstetric ecosystem level.PopulationA total of 601 247 singleton hospital deliveries between 2006 and 2016, occurred in non‐tertiary (C1–C4, stratified by size) and tertiary level (C5) delivery hospitals.MethodsAnalyses were performed by the methods of the regression analyses with crude and adjusted odds ratios including 99% CI.Main outcome measuresBirth asphyxia.ResultsAt the ecosystem level, adjusted odds ratio for birth asphyxia was 0.81 (99% CI 0.76–0.87) on busy versus optimal days. Breakdown to hospital categories show that adjusted odds ratios for asphyxia on busy versus optimal days in non‐tertiary hospitals (C3, C4) were 0.25 (99% CI 0.16–0.41) and 0.17 (99% CI 0.13–0.22), respectively, and in tertiary hospitals was 1.20 (99% CI 1.10–1.32).ConclusionsBusy day effect as a stress test caused no extra cases of neonatal adverse outcomes at the ecosystem level. However, in non‐tertiary hospitals busy days were associated with a lower and in tertiary hospitals a higher incidence of neonatal adverse outcomes.
Stories beat experts: A survey experiment on political persuasiveness
Authors: BARBET BERTA , DE MORAGAS ANTONI‐ITALO , VIDAL GUILLEM 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAre personal stories more effective in shaping opinion than experts’ endorsements? This study investigates the persuasiveness of personal stories and expert endorsements in shaping public opinion on education spending and pollution reduction policies. Using a survey experiment in Spain, we found that personal stories consistently increased support for both policies, with a particularly strong effect on citizens with populist attitudes or voters of populist parties. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the success of populist parties and the influence of personal stories on public opinion.
GTSE1 promotes the growth of NSCLC by regulating microtubule‐associated proteins through the ERK/MAPK pathway
Authors: Wang Chuanlin , Wen Meiyan , Xu Jiali , Gao Pengning , Liu Shanling , Liu Jiayu , Chen Ying , Zhou Lan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe role of G2 and S phase‐expressed‐1 (GTSE1), a microtubule‐localized protein, in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown. We explored its role in NSCLC growth. GTSE1 was detected in NSCLC tissues and cell lines using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The clinical significance of GTSE1 levels was evaluated. Biological and apoptotic effects of GTSE1 were evaluated using transwell, cell‐scratch, and MTT assays, and flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. Its association with cellular microtubules was shown by western blotting and immunofluorescence. GTSE1 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. GTSE1 levels correlated with lymph node metastasis. Higher GTSE1 mRNA expression correlated with shorter progression‐free survival. GTSE1‐knockdown decreased proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells, and inhibited tau and stathmin‐1 microtubule‐associated protein expression, via the extracellular‐regulated protein kinase/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) signaling pathway, and microtubule disruption. GTSE1 may promote NSCLC growth by regulating tau and stathmin‐1 through the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.
How many sites? Methods to assist design decisions when collecting multivariate data in ecology
Authors: Maslen Ben , Popovic Gordana , Lim Michelle , Marzinelli Ezequiel , Warton David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Sample size estimation through power analysis is a fundamental tool in planning an ecological study, yet there are currently no well‐established procedures for when multivariate abundances are to be collected. A power analysis procedure would need to address three challenges: designing a parsimonious simulation model that captures key community data properties; measuring effect size in a realistic yet interpretable fashion; and ensuring computational feasibility when simulation is used both for power estimation and significance testing.

Here, we propose a power analysis procedure that addresses these three challenges by: using for simulation a Gaussian copula model with factor analytical structure, fitted to pilot data; assuming a common effect size across all taxa, but applied in different directions according to expert opinion (to “increaser”, “decreaser” or “no effect” taxa); using a critical value approach to estimate power, which reduces computation time by a factor of 500 (if we would otherwise use 999 resamples to estimate each p‐value) with minor loss of accuracy.

The procedure is demonstrated on pilot data from fish assemblages in a restoration study, where it was found that the planned study design would only be capable of detecting relatively large effects (change in abundance by a factor of 1.7 or more).

The methods outlined in this paper are available in accompanying R software (the ecopower package), which allows researchers with pilot data to answer a wide range of design questions to assist them in planning their studies.
Explainable neural networks for trait‐based multispecies distribution modelling—A case study with butterflies and moths
Authors: Bourhis Yoann , Bell James R. , Shortall Chris R. , Kunin William E. , Milne Alice E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpecies response traits mediate environmental effects on species distribution. Traits are used in joint and multispecies distribution models (JSDMs and MSDMs) to enable community‐wide shared parameters that characterise niche filtering along environmental gradients. Multispecies machine learning SDMs, however, do not use traits as their inclusion requires an additional taxonomic dimension that is incompatible with their usual tabular inputs. This has confined trait mediation in SDMs to hierarchical Bayesian models. Here we provide a novel artificial neural network (ANN) architecture that solves this dimensionality problem.Our ANN includes species traits (via a time distributed layer) and is therefore able to identify not only species‐specific responses to the environment, but also shared responses across the community that are mediated by species traits. Model performance evaluated at the species level not only quantifies the reliability of species predictions, but also their departure from an average response dictated by traits only.We apply our model to two unique long‐term spatio‐temporal of butterfly and moth datasets collected across the United Kingdom between 1990 and 2019. In addition to species traits, predictors include numerous metrics derived from weather, land‐cover and topology data. For butterflies and moths we show convincing model performance for classifying species occupancy. We use SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations) to explain the ANN and show how trait‐mediated and species‐specific responses can be approximated, hence yielding ecological insights on the key drivers of species distribution. We highlight a range of drivers of change that determine occupancy, including wind, temperature as well as habitat type.We demonstrate that a trait‐based approach can be encoded as an ANN by using a time distributed layer. This brings ANNs unmatched predictive capabilities to the field of MSDMs, at the same time of lifting their reputed drawback of poor explainability.
Classifying the unknown: Insect identification with deep hierarchical Bayesian learning
Authors: Badirli Sarkhan , Picard Christine Johanna , Mohler George , Richert Frannie , Akata Zeynep , Dundar Murat 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Classifying insect species involves a tedious process of identifying distinctive morphological insect characters by taxonomic experts. Machine learning can harness the power of computers to potentially create an accurate and efficient method for performing this task at scale, given that its analytical processing can be more sensitive to subtle physical differences in insects, which experts may not perceive. However, existing machine learning methods are designed to only classify insect samples into described species, thus failing to identify samples from undescribed species.

We propose a novel deep hierarchical Bayesian model for insect classification, given the taxonomic hierarchy inherent in insects. This model can classify samples of both described and undescribed species; described samples are assigned a species while undescribed samples are assigned a genus, which is a pivotal advancement over just identifying them as outliers. We demonstrated this proof of concept on a new database containing paired insect image and DNA barcode data from four insect orders, including 1040 species, which far exceeds the number of species used in existing work. A quarter of the species were excluded from the training set to simulate undescribed species.

With the proposed classification framework using combined image and DNA data in the model, species classification accuracy for described species was 96.66% and genus classification accuracy for undescribed species was 81.39%. Including both data sources in the model resulted in significant improvement over including image data only (39.11% accuracy for described species and 35.88% genus accuracy for undescribed species), and modest improvement over including DNA data only (73.39% genus accuracy for undescribed species).

Unlike current machine learning methods, the proposed deep hierarchical Bayesian learning approach can simultaneously classify samples of both described and undescribed species, a functionality that could become instrumental in biodiversity monitoring across the globe. This framework can be customized for any taxonomic classification problem for which image and DNA data can be obtained, thus making it relevant for use across all biological kingdoms.
Clearance of senescent cells reverts the cigarette smoke‐induced lung senescence and airspace enlargement in p16‐3MR mice
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Muthumalage Thivanka , Rahman Irfan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCigarette smoke (CS) leads to increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and exaggerated senescence, which are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While the role of cellular senescence in COPD is known, it is not clear if the removal of senescent cells could alleviate the disease symptoms. To test this, we used the novel mouse model‐p16‐3MR, and studied the effect of ganciclovir (GCV)‐mediated removal of senescent cells after chronic CS (3 months) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) (6 months) exposure to CS. Our results showed the reversal of CS‐induced cellular senescence on the clearance of p16+ senesced cells by GCV treatment. Interestingly, the clearance of p16+ senescent cells via GCV led to a decrease in the neutrophil counts in the BALF of GCV‐treated CS‐exposed p16‐3MR mice, as well as reversal of CS‐mediated airspace enlargement in p16‐3MR mice. Mice exposed to low dose ETS caused insignificant changes in the SA‐β‐Gal+ senescent cells and airspace enlargement. Overall, our data provide evidence for the role of lung cellular senescence on smoke exposure and clearance of senescent cells in p16‐3MR mice in the reversal of COPD/emphysema pathology with a possibility of senolytics as therapeutic interventions in COPD.
Teeth, tusks, and spikes: Repeated den sharing between predator and prey in an African Savannah
Authors: Dupuis‐Désormeaux Marc , Dheer Arjun , Gilisho Saibala , Kaaria Timothy N. , Davidson Zeke , MacDonald Suzanne E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe have been monitoring spotted hyaena dens with camera traps at our site since 2016. We describe a novel phenomenon: concurrent subterranean den sharing between spotted hyaenas, warthogs, and crested porcupines at a wildlife conservancy in Kenya. We discovered two different hyaena clans that occasionally shared active dens with warthogs and porcupines in 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 but not since. We speculate on the reasons why and how this cohabitation arrangement arose and suggest that it might be based on a ‘healthy respect’ for the threats presented by their mutually formidable weaponry. We hope this note will encourage others to describe similar behaviour.
The impact of rurality on child road traffic death in high‐income countries
Authors: Koh Soonho , Kenji Doma , Franklin Richard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite the importance of child road traffic death, a limited number of studies have investigated rural child road traffic death in high income countries.ObjectiveThis review estimated the impact of rurality on child road traffic deaths and other potential risk factors in high‐income countries.DesignWe searched Ovid, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus databases and extracted studies focusing on the association between rurality and child road traffic death published between 2001 and 2021. Available data were extracted and analysed, to evaluate the impact of rurality on child road traffic death and explore other risk factors of child road traffic deaths.FindingsWe identified 13 studies for child road traffic death between 2001 and 2021. Eight studies reported the impact of rurality on child road traffic death, and all of them alleged that the mortality rate and injury rate of children was significantly higher on rural road than on urban road. The impact of rurality varied between studies, from 1.6 times to 15 times higher incidence of road traffic death in rural areas. Vehicle type, speeding cars, driver loss of control, alcohol and drug use road environment were identified as risk factors of child road traffic death. Conversely, ethnicity, seat belts, nondeployed airbag, child restraint, strict driver licence system, camera law and accessibility of trauma centres were considered protective factors. Other factors, including age, gender and teen passengers, appeared ambiguous for child road traffic death.DiscussionRurality is one of the most important risk factors of child road traffic death. Therefore, we should consider the impact that rurality has on child road death and resolve the gap between rural and urban areas in order to prevent child road traffic death effectively.ConclusionThe findings of this literature review will assist policy‐makers to prevent child road traffic death by focusing on rural regions.
Surgical management of pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury patients
Authors: Adamson Sarah Rose , Whitty Sarah , Flood Stephen , Neoh Derek , Nunn Andrew , Clegg Ben , Ng Sally Kiu‐Huen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPressure ulcers (PU) are a common yet debilitating injury within the spinal cord injury (SCI) population. This retrospective data analysis is intended to identify the contributing factors, review the current management protocol, and risk of recurrence of PU in SCI patients at Victoria's state referral centre for traumatic spinal cord injuries.MethodsA retrospective audit of the medical records of SCI patients with pressure ulcers was conducted for the period of January 2016 to August 2021. Patients aged 18 years and older who presented for surgical management of their PU were included in the study.ResultsAmong the 93 patients who met the inclusion criteria, there were a total of 195 surgeries for 129 PU. Ninety‐seven percent were classified as grade of 3 or 4 and 53% had osteomyelitis on presentation. 58% were either current smokers or ex‐smokers, and 19% were diabetic. Debridement alone was the most common type of surgical management (58%), followed by flap reconstruction (25%). Those who underwent flap reconstruction were admitted for 71 days longer, on average. 41% of the surgeries were associated with a post‐operative complication, with the most prominent being an infection at 26%. Of the 129 PU, 11% recurred at least 4 months post initial presentation.ConclusionThere are a multitude of a factors that impact prevalence, surgical complications, and recurrence of PU. This study provides insight into these factors to review our current practices and optimize surgical outcomes in the management of PU in the SCI population.
Survival outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer with synchronous liver only metastasis
Authors: Shepherdson Mia , Kilburn Daniel , Ullah Shahid , Price Timothy , Karapetis Christos S. , Nguyen Peter , Townsend Amanda , Padbury Robert , Piantadosi Cynthia , Maddern Guy , Carruthers Scott , Roder David , Sorich Michael , Roy Amitesh C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer with synchronous liver‐only metastasis is managed with a multimodal approach, however, optimal sequencing of modalities remains unclear.MethodsA retrospective review of all consecutive rectal or colon cancer cases with synchronous liver‐only metastasis was conducted from the South Australian Colorectal Cancer Registry from 2006 to 2021. This study aimed to investigate how order and type of treatment modality affects overall survival.ResultsData of over 5000 cases were analysed (n = 5244), 1420 cases had liver‐only metastasis. There were a greater number of colon than rectal primaries (N = 1056 versus 364). Colonic resection was the preferred initial treatment for the colon cohort (60%). In the rectal cohort, 30% had upfront resection followed by 27% that had chemo‐radiotherapy as 1st line therapy. For the colon cohort, there was an improved 5‐year survival with surgical resection as initial treatment compared to chemotherapy (25% versus 9%, P < 0.001). In the rectal cohort, chemo‐radiotherapy as the initial treatment was associated with an improved 5‐year survival compared to surgery or chemotherapy (40% versus 26% versus 19%, P = 0.0015). Patients who were able to have liver resection had improved survival, with 50% surviving over 5 years compared to 12 months in the non‐resected group (P < 0.001). Primary rectal KRAS wildtype patients who underwent liver resection and received Cetuximab had significantly worse outcomes compared to KRAS wildtype patients who did not (P = 0.0007).ConclusionsWhere surgery is possible, resection of liver metastasis and primary tumour improved overall survival. Further research is required on the use of targeted treatments in patients undergoing liver resection.
Intracorporeal colpotomy using the Gutclamper as a novel clamping device to prevent tumor spillage during laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer
Authors: Nagase Yoshikazu , Kobayashi Eiji , Kobayashi Mariya , Kakuda Mamoru , Kodama Michiko , Ueda Yutaka , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionTumor cell spillage during the colpotomy has been suspected as one reason for poor oncologic outcomes in laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) for cervical cancer. To prevent such tumor spillage in LRH, we focused on use of a Gutclamper which is a device originally designed to clamp the colon and rectum during colorectal resections.Materials and Surgical TechniqueA woman with stage IB1 cervical cancer underwent LRH using the Gutclamper. The Gutclamper was inserted into the abdominal cavity via 5‐mm trocar, the vagina was clamped, and an intracorporeal colpotomy was performed caudal to this device.DiscussionThe Gutclamper can be used to clamp the vaginal canal and avoid the exposure of cervical tumor, regardless of the surgeon's skills or patient conditions. An intracorporeal colpotomy using the Gutclamper can contribute to the standardization of LRH.
Tectonic and climatic controls on carbonate sedimentation in active orogen proximal lakes, Cenozoic Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Guo Pei , Wen Huaguo , Li Changzhi , Wei Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPalustrine‐lacustrine carbonates of the well‐dated Xichagou section (ca. 43 to ca. 13 Ma) next to the active Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) are investigated in terms of abundance, lithofacies, strontium, carbon and oxygen isotopes, to differentiate tectonic and climatic controls on the evolution of intermontane lakes in the Tibetan Plateau. Volumetrically dominant siliciclastic strata document five depositional stages: mid‐Eocene alluvial fan (onshore), late Eocene fan delta (nearshore), Oligocene semi‐deep lake (offshore), early Miocene braided fluvial delta (nearshore) and mid‐Miocene fluvial plain (onshore). Carbonates are most abundant in the middle three lacustrine stages and contain various lithofacies, including calcretes, microbialites, grainstones and marlstones. Oxygen isotopes show two positive excursions (−1.17‰ and −2.59‰) at the first nearshore and late offshore stages, indicating two relatively saline stages linked to the Eocene and late Oligocene global warming climates. Carbon isotopes show a positive excursion (from −4.0‰ to +2.9‰) at the middle semi‐deep lake stage and meanwhile strontium isotopes of carbonates show a large negative excursion (from 0.7120‰ to 0.7113‰), both in response to the early Oligocene global humid and cooling climate and resultant lake expansion at the Qaidam Basin. Except for this lake expansion event, the first‐order lake transgressing, shallowing and regressing evolution at the Xichagou section were not consistent with Cenozoic global climatic change trends. Instead, the two‐stage strike‐slip faulting of the ATF probably induced the northeastward and eastward migration of basin depocenter and resulted in the lake transgression‐regression at the Xichagou section. The widespread presence and relatively minor variation in oxygen isotopes (from −7.5‰ to −7.0‰) of early Miocene microbialites in the northern Tibetan Plateau suggest a warm climate and a low relief before ca. 15 Ma.
Fiscal policy under constraints: Fiscal capacity and austerity during the Great Depression
Authors: Papadia Andrea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Great Depression was characterized by widespread fiscal policy mistakes in the form of a contractionary or insufficiently expansionary fiscal stance. Despite this general conclusion, there were large differences in the conduct of fiscal policy between countries. I find that a higher degree of fiscal capacity helped countries run less procyclical fiscal policies by allowing them to borrow more extensively. Lower borrowing costs only partially explain this finding. Taken together, the results indicate that interwar governments were constrained in their policies by past investments in fiscal capacity, and not just by Gold Standard membership, ideology, and inadequate knowledge, as commonly held in the literature.