bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Wireless Data Transfer Solution for Underwater Sensors Powered by Edge Computing
Authors: Ignatius Manu , Anjangi Prasad , Chitre Mandar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the ever-increasing number of underwater assets and structures driven by the energy industry's shift to renewables, the need for reliable long-term remote monitoring solutions for both environments and assets is growing. Such solutions typically consist of a suite of sensors, the data transfer mechanism, and data analytics and visualization. Underwater wireless technology is the key enabler for such a holistic monitoring solution that can be used for a variety of applications. However, many commercial operations are designed around the assumption that underwater wireless technology is not yet suitable for today's operational needs. While there are several advancements in the domain of underwater wireless systems in recent times, they have not made it to operational commercial systems. In this paper, we look at the example of Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs), where a typical operation relies on either offline data download or using a cable to perform real-time data transfer. We then illustrate how such an operation can be transformed by integrating a smart modem that packs technologies such as software-defined design, edge computing, and machine learning along with robust and reliable high-speed underwater wireless communications to an ADCP to achieve flexible and reliable wireless data transfer. The software-defined design aspect allows easy integration to a variety of sensors, in this example an ADCP. The edge computing and machine learning aspects allow the modems to optimize the data for a high-speed acoustic link that supports adaptive modulation and automatic retransmission to avoid data loss. Smart scheduling techniques are incorporated into the solution to support extremely low-power modes to enable long-term deployments. An application-specific web-based user interface (UI) provides a seamless user experience during the whole operation. Integrating such innovations to form a holistic solution for long-term monitoring can drive down overall costs and improve operational safety.
A Novel Hydraulics Design Approach Enables Simplified Configuration Offshore Wells
Authors: Sansoni Umberto , Waldmann Alex Tadeu De Almeida , Menezes Gabriela Marcia Ribeiro , Gonzaga Kaio , Suchodolak Daniel , Martins André Leibsohn 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The reduction of the number of sections in the construction of an offshore well is a major driver for cost reduction. In order to achieve this goal, the sections must be longer, resulting in additional challenges. A critical aspect is related to the second section (no fluid return to surface) reaching high inclinations and longer extensions. Such sections are drilled with fluids with no carrying capacity, reaching 1500 m and inclinations as high as 65 degrees, resulting in expressive cuttings accumulation in the wellbore annulus. The scope of this article is to present a novel hydraulics design procedure which accounts for the effect of hole cleaning actions during well construction which reposition hydraulic parameters into acceptable criteria.
This paper details novel design procedures which include the following steps:
Defining cuttings bed height deposited along the wellbore annulus using traditional steady state cuttings transport models. This information is the initial condition for the design of hole cleaning pills pumping. Estimation of the extension of the cuttings bed through a material balance. Estimation of drag efforts for drillstring movement in the presence of a cuttings bed and the maximum well length which can be handled by the rig without carrying extra hole cleaning procedures. Calculation of the solids removal due to the pumping of hole cleaning pills based on a transient solid-liquid model. Optimization of the frequency, volumes and pump rates for the cleaning pills.
This way, the proposed methodology allows the creation of a hydraulics design package which incorporates the optimization of hole cleaning actions during the drilling of a deviated well with fluids which do not present cuttings carrying capacity. The procedure was successfully implemented in 4 offshore wells in Campos basin, offshore Brazil, which were built in only 3 sections including a horizontal section.
The present methodology is a milestone in hydraulics design for offshore wells, enabling the construction of horizontal wells in 3 phases resulting in a huge well construction time reduction.
Geological and Geotechnical Considerations for Floating Offshore Wind Infrastructure within the U.S. Atlantic OCS
Authors: Fisher James E , Esmailzadeh Saba , Fillingham Jacob N 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Current offshore wind activities within the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf are within water depths suitable for fixed-bottom foundations, generally considered as water depths shallower than 60 m. Recent BOEM designated call areas within the Central Atlantic include two areas on the continental slope in water depths greater than 200 m that will require floating offshore wind turbines. The objective of this study is to expand upon a previously completed BOEM-funded desktop study and focus on the geological and geotechnical conditions and the engineering constraints for the deep-water Central Atlantic call areas E and F.
This study focused on compiling public domain geophysical and geotechnical data to evaluate the seafloor and shallow subsurface geological and geotechnical conditions relevant to offshore wind within the area of interest. Data available from published scientific literature and government agencies were integrated and evaluated using GIS and seismic interpretation software to identify and map geohazards, seabed and subsurface conditions, and key stratigraphic geotechnical units.
Our evaluation of the area of interest indicates generally favorable conditions for floating offshore wind development, with site-specific considerations to be factored into engineering design. Soil provinces with similar geologic characteristics and geotechnical properties include the upper slope (roughly 200 m to 2000 m water depths) and the lower slope (greater than 2000 m water depth). General sediment conditions for both these provinces include Holocene-Pleistocene age silts and clays with intervals of sandy clay or sandy layers related to mass transport deposits (MTDs) from gravity flows. A key difference between the provinces is the potential for older geological units, such as the coastal plain deposits (CPD) within the foundation depth of interest proximal to the upper slope, and a higher frequency of submarine landslide deposits within the lower slope. The potential for slope instability and steep seabed gradients will be a constraint for these developments, as well as the potential for hard grounds, such as submarine landslide blocks or authigenic carbonate/benthic features. Based on these conditions, the suitability of various anchor concepts is discussed.
Comparison Between Molecular Sieves and Activated Alumina for Gas Dehydration in an Ultra-Deepwater Production Unit
Authors: Vieira Anderson Jalles de Meneses , Aimoli Cassiano Gomes , de Melo Dárley Carrijo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Activated alumina and molecular sieve performances are compared regarding key parameters such as adsorbed water load, outlet moisture content, pressure drop and adsorption capacity using different regeneration conditions. The comparison was done by operating one out of three vessels of a Brazilian pre-salt FPSO gas dehydration unit loaded with activated alumina, whereas the other two vessels were loaded with molecular sieves with a silica gel top layer.
During the early operation of the alumina, tests were performed by increasing adsorption time until the moisture breakthrough, conducted in two operational setups as follows: 1) a parallel-flow arrangement in which each vessel is loaded with one of the adsorbent materials, named dual bed phase; 2) a single stream flow to the vessel containing activated alumina, named single bed phase. Different regeneration temperatures were tested to verify the impact on the alumina capacity caused by low temperature regeneration. The results were compared to historical data collected using both type 4A and chabazite zeolites.
During preliminary capacity tests performed in laboratory and in pilot scale, the activated alumina delivered gas with moisture content generally between 1 and 10 ppm. However, during the industrial scale test reported here, the activated alumina was able to consistently deliver gas with moisture under 1 ppm after its first regeneration, operating both in single bed and dual bed arrangement. This result indicates that activated alumina was able to achieve gas specification once considered possible only by the use of molecular sieve. The initial dynamic capacity calculated for the alumina was comparable to the maximum dynamic capacities observed for the molecular sieves. In this test, the larger particle size of the activated alumina compared to the zeolites resulted in lower pressure drop through the alumina bed, culminating into an uneven flow distribution between both beds when in parallel-flow arrangement. Recommended regeneration temperatures are lower for alumina in comparison with the zeolites, resulting in lower energy consumption and associated CO2 emissions when using electrical heaters.
The novelty of this work lies in the use of activated alumina as the main adsorbent material in an ultra-deepwater gas dehydration unit with gas processing capacity over 6 MMSCMD achieving dry gas moisture as low as obtained by using molecular sieves. The use of activated alumina shows potential to improve efficiency and cost reduction that has yet to be confirmed by a longer test phase to check its stability and long-term performance.
Structure Health Monitoring for Tidal Blades Using Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Syed Muslim Jameel , Goggins Jamie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOur current reliance on fossil fuels is the primary contributor to global warming and threatens our survival. Renewable energy is currently considered the leading solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Energy extraction from the ocean tides (tidal turbines) can help fulfill the global renewable energy demand and combat world climate crises. Installations at this scale will have the associated benefit of reducing the levelised cost of tidal energy (LCOE) towards a target of EUR100/MWh, which will make ocean energy a viable option along with other renewable energy sources such as offshore wind. To achieve the target, increased performance and reliability of tidal energy devices are required. Tidal blades are a primary component of tidal turbines, possess a heterogeneous nature and can suffer from complex non-linear damage modes. For example, harsh marine environments can cause impact damage, delamination, matrix crack, fiber breakage or rupture, and others in tidal blades, which could lead to catastrophic failure of the system. Achieving reliable operational health and performance for the tidal blade is thus crucial for tidal energy companies. Fault diagnoses and maintenance operations are challenging in the sea; performance degradation, failure, or breakdown of the entire tidal energy system are more likely if unattended. Therefore, there is the need for real-time and reliable structure health monitoring (SHM) of tidal blades. The existing damage detection techniques have a limitation when dealing with the real-time environment, and do not take into account the along with uncertainty feature, we also addressed the issue of trusthworthiness in system decision employed with explanable artificial intelligence (XAI). This paper presents a real-time damage detection framework, information communication technologies (ICT) based infrastructure for real-time monitoring and proposes a novel model to classify/ detect the damages over blade structure. In addition a XAI based approach is proposed which based on supervised machine learning (ML) and uses an optimized convolutional neural network to classify from the heterogeneous data streams. Testing and evaluation of proposed approach in laboratory and operational settings is the future concern of this study.
Integrity Management: A Basic Pilar of Efficiency Improvement Program for Offshore Production Unit
Authors: Ramis Marcelo Spessato , Langoni Arthur Machado , Pozzobon Felipe Barin , Risuenho Flavio Marcelo , Rego Fernando Cesar , Vitiello Rodrigo Pommerehn 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The competitive scenario in the oil and gas industry nowadays requires an integrated and optimized management of resources to meet the needs of doing more, better, faster, with lower cost, ensuring operational safety and value generation for the business.
Mostly, efficiency maximization projects focus their actions on production, although we can observe that many bad actors are related to unexpected events such as accidents, leaks, material failures, etc. Therefore, to deal with efficiency maximization we must include safety, integrity, and legal compliance issues.
The construction of a sustainable efficiency project able to meet the requirements of society and to address all stated issues, should promote a cultural change, based on an active leadership enhanced by the use of technology.
In this sense, acting in the layer of "integrity management" is a fundamental pillar in maximizing efficiency and its process should promote the execution of actions in order to strive for the continuous evolution of management system.
Integrity management should go through all phases of the production unit´s life cycle, considering both the selection of materials and technologies - that must deal with all the changes that occurs in the operational conditions; as well as the effort required for its preservation/conservation, inspection and maintenance - which must be consistent with the manhour restrictions inherent to the offshore condition and with the issues related to maintenance service clearance for execution during the operational phase.
During this phase it is necessary to establish preventive mechanisms for the evaluation and detection of degradations, considering both structural and functional aspects, which may occur due to operational and environmental process conditions to which offshore production facilities are exposed.
In this context, quantification in terms of reliability for residual useful life is a tool that help the decision-making process, allowing companies to take the best actions considering the business market, as well as the current and future condition of the industrial plant.
This requires, among others, a specialized technical staff, a process with well-defined steps and records, and the establishment of a set of indicators that allows to demonstrate the actual situation of the installation and the perspective of evolution of its condition.
In order to encompass all the topics above, the EF100 efficiency improvement program was structured, consisting of 18 initiatives that have been contributed to consolidate a culture of integrity and reliability as a tool for generating business value. This article aims to explore the main actions defined for the improvement of the integrity management of offshore units.
Cost Reduction Challenges in Subsea Decommissioning Operations
Authors: Junior Fidelis José Coimbra , Bressan Robert Da Silva , Nicolosi Eduardo Ribeiro , Santana Andre Luiz Bervilaqua , De Souza Douglas Correa , Fernandes Paulo Tavares , Tavares Gabriel Maial 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Decommissioning operations in Brazil are increasing with the end of life of several assets. A relevant challenge for the decommissioning scenario is the cost estimate for the operations due to the existent uncertainties found in the evaluated scenarios. The objective of the article is to present the work carried out through a strategic program to reduce the average decommissioning cost in subsea operations. The average cost reduction initiative involves a technical working group that includes subsea engineering, project management and subsea operations members. This initiative comprises four major areas. Three of them (pull-out, removal and subsea operations) cover new tools for operations and review of operational procedures, adapting them to the actual demands of decommissioning projects. The fourth area, technology, seeks to automate the development of the flexible pipe removal project, especially in offshore fields where several pipe crossings are present. Ten fronts are being implemented, such as building up pull-out alternatives, using new tools and procedures in addition to the conventional ones. On the Removal front, processes are being adjusted to reduce the amount of material needed and new flowline recovery techniques with the use of new tools are being tested and implemented. The creation of actions for mapping scraps on the seabed is also being carried out. Another front under development is focused on the implementation of new techniques for cutting flexible pipes, connection opening and plugging equipment. And finally, automation of the sequencing of flexible pipes and umbilical removal will bring a significant gain in terms of resources and time management, in addition to operational improvement. The expectation is that these multiple fronts will save about US$ 40 million during operations in the coming years, in addition to saving operation time and contributing to future operation. Furthermore, it is estimated a 48% reduction in total time compared to a standard operation, when we consider the accumulation of gains on each front. The novelty of this program is linked to the fronts dealing with technology and processes. The creation of a computational algorithm is proposed to design an optimal order of vessel interventions over a field, which is currently done manually by the project engineers.
Numerical Simulation of Subsea Wellhead Bearing Capacity in Deepwater with Novel Expandable Surface Conductor Foundation
Authors: Zhang Minghe , Yang Jin , Yin Qishuai , Song Yu , Wang Yuanming , Zhou Yisu , Li Lei , Yang Yuxiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Subsea wellhead stability is an important technical issue in deepwater and ultra-deepwater oil and gas drilling operations. Since the soil under mudline is mainly silt and clay with weak cementation, the vertical friction force and horizontal displacement provided by the surface conductor are limited. The mechanical properties of subsea wellhead, including displacement and stress, are mainly distributed near the mud line.
The novel expandable surface conductor can effectively enhance the vertical bearing capacity and horizontal mechanical properties of the subsea wellhead by adding annular absorbent expansion materials to the conductor surface. In this paper, ABAQUS software was used to establish a numerical simulation model of the novel expandable surface conductor. Annular expansion material was installed on the upper, middle, and lower part of the surface conductor, respectively, to analyze its influence on the mechanical properties of the subsea wellhead. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the subsea wellhead of the conventional conductor and the novel expandable conductor are compared and analyzed.
The results show that the novel expandable surface conductor arranged near the mudline can effectively enhance the lateral mechanical properties of the subsea wellhead, but has little effect on the vertical bearing capacity of the wellhead, which is mainly due to the weak soil properties near the mudline. The annular expansion material in the middle and lower part of the conductor has little influence on the lateral mechanical properties of the subsea wellhead, but it is more obvious to improve the vertical bearing capacity of the wellhead, which is because the mechanical properties of the deep formation below the mudline are strong, and the horizontal displacement and bending moment of the conduit will not be transmitted to a greater depth under the mudline. At the same time, the lower end part of the expansion material has obvious influence on the vertical bearing capacity of subsea wellhead.
An exploratory study on the improvement of the mechanical properties of the subsea wellhead with the novel expandable surface conductor and basic rule is carried out through the numerical simulation method, which provides theoretical guidance for the subsequent industrial design and application of the novel expandable surface conductor.
Analysis of Wave-Driven Progressive Buildup of Excess Pore Water Pressure in Sands Supporting Marine Hydrokinetic Devices
Authors: Rafiei Amin , Gabr M. A. , Rahman M. S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Instability of the seabed due to storm waves may cause damage to coastal/offshore structures. Saturated sand deposits in loose to medium dense condition contract under cyclic shearing causing the buildup of positive pore water pressure. For severe wave loadings, this could lead to a significant reduction of effective stress and soil liquefaction. In addition to detailed cyclic plasticity models for describing progressive generation of pore water pressure, a number of experimental models have been developed based on results of cyclic triaxial tests. Such tests mostly considered isotropic consolidation condition prior to cyclic shearing. However, the presence of static shear stress and hence anisotropy of geostatic stresses (e.g., under the foundation of structures) has been shown to alter the soil cyclic behavior significantly. Pan and Yang (2018) proposed a pore pressure buildup model for sands considering the effect of static shear stress ratio SSR on the residual response of the soil following anisotropic undrained cyclic triaxial tests. This study aims at modeling of wave-MHK-poro-elastoplastic seabed interaction with the focus on geomechanical investigation of pore pressure buildup in sands under various ranges of SSR.
Hyperbolic Soil Modeling - A Long Overdue Improvement in Soil Modeling
Authors: Verbeek Gerald E. , Bielefeld Marcel W. , Buitenhuis Rutger R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Whether performing pile driving simulations or analyzing pile driving records, the weakest link in the computer model is the soil. Even though computing capabilities have expanded exponentially in recent years, soil modeling often still relies on the same equations when pile driving simulation programs were first developed in the last century. A typical example of this fact is the use of the elastic-plastic soil model and this paper aims to show that that model can and should be replaced by a more accurate hyperbolic soil model to incorporate nonlinear soil behavior.
The paper will reassess 4 cases where originally the elasto-plastic soil model was used (for both the pile driving simulation as well as the analysis of the pile driving records) by implementing a hyperbolic soil model. The outcomes for both models are then compared with each other and with the monitoring data during pile driving.