bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphologic design of nanostructures for enhanced antimicrobial activity
Authors: Sayed Fatma Al-Zahraa , Eissa Noura G. , Shen Yidan , Hunstad David A. , Wooley Karen L. , Elsabahy Mahmoud 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite significant progress in synthetic polymer chemistry and in control over tuning the structures and morphologies of nanoparticles, studies on morphologic design of nanomaterials for the purpose of optimizing antimicrobial activity have yielded mixed results. When designing antimicrobial materials, it is important to consider two distinctly different modes and mechanisms of activity—those that involve direct interactions with bacterial cells, and those that promote the entry of nanomaterials into infected host cells to gain access to intracellular pathogens. Antibacterial activity of nanoparticles may involve direct interactions with organisms and/or release of antibacterial cargo, and these activities depend on attractive interactions and contact areas between particles and bacterial or host cell surfaces, local curvature and dynamics of the particles, all of which are functions of nanoparticle shape. Bacteria may exist as spheres, rods, helices, or even in uncommon shapes (e.g., box- and star-shaped) and, furthermore, may transform into other morphologies along their lifespan. For bacteria that invade host cells, multivalent interactions are involved and are dependent upon bacterial size and shape. Therefore, mimicking bacterial shapes has been hypothesized to impact intracellular delivery of antimicrobial nanostructures. Indeed, designing complementarities between the shapes of microorganisms with nanoparticle platforms that are designed for antimicrobial delivery offers interesting new perspectives toward future nanomedicines. Some studies have reported improved antimicrobial activities with spherical shapes compared to non-spherical constructs, whereas other studies have reported higher activity for non-spherical structures (e.g., rod, discoid, cylinder, etc.). The shapes of nano- and microparticles have also been shown to impact their rates and extents of uptake by mammalian cells (macrophages, epithelial cells, and others). However, in most of these studies, nanoparticle morphology was not intentionally designed to mimic specific bacterial shape. Herein, the morphologic designs of nanoparticles that possess antimicrobial activities per se and those designed to deliver antimicrobial agent cargoes are reviewed. Furthermore, hypotheses beyond shape dependence and additional factors that help to explain apparent discrepancies among studies are highlighted.
Graphical Abstract
Everywhere and for everyone: proportionate universalism as a framework for equitable access to community drug checking
Authors: Wallace Bruce , van Roode Thea , Burek Piotr , Hore Dennis , Pauly Bernadette 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Illicit drug overdoses have reached unprecedented levels, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses are needed that address the increasingly potent and unpredictable drug supply with better reach to a wide population at risk for overdose. Drug checking is a potential response offered mainly within existing harm reduction services, but strategies are needed to increase reach and improve equitable delivery of drug checking services.

Methods
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how to extend the reach of drug checking services to a wide population at risk of overdose. We conducted 26 in-depth interviews with potential service users to identify barriers to service use and strategies to increase equitable delivery of drug checking services. Our analysis was informed by theoretical perspectives on equity, and themes were developed relevant to equitable delivery through attention to quality dimensions of service use: accessibility, appropriateness, effectiveness, safety, and respect.

Results
Barriers to equitable service delivery included criminalization and stigma, geographic and access issues, and lack of cultural appropriateness that deter service use for a broad population with diverse needs. Strategies to enhance equitable access include 1ocating services widely throughout communities, integrating drug checking within existing health care services, reframing away from risk messaging, engaging peers from a broad range of backgrounds, and using discrete methods of delivery to help create safer spaces and better reach diverse populations at risk for overdose.

Conclusions
We propose proportionate universalism in drug checking as a guiding framework for the implementation of community drug checking as an equity-oriented harm reduction intervention and as a population health response. Both a universal equity-oriented approach and multiple tailored approaches are required to facilitate drug checking services that maximize reach and appropriateness to respond to diverse needs.
Survival analysis and prognostic factors of the carcinoma of gallbladder
Authors: Feroz Zainab , Gautam Priyanka , Tiwari Sonia , Shukla Girish C. , Kumar Munish 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The present study aims to evaluate the survival status of patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) and explore the prognostic factors for the improvement and preventions.

Methods
The study consists of 176 patients with clinically diagnosed gallbladder cancer; the study was conducted between 2019 and 2021 registered at Kamala Nehru Memorial Cancer Hospital, Prayagraj, India. The survival rates were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method; survival rate difference was analyzed by log-rank test, prognosis factors; and hazard ratio for mortality outcomes was estimated using Cox regression method.

Results
The overall median survival time of patients was 5 months with the 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates of 24.4%, 8.5%, and 4.5%, respectively. The 3-year survival for patients with jaundice was 2.9%, liver infiltration (4.2%), gallstones (0.8%), and with advanced tumor grade (1.4%). Elderly GBC patients had lower survival rates (3.8%), while the 3-year overall survival for patients residing in urban areas dropped to zero. No patients in the tumor stage (T3/T4) and with distance metastasis stage survived in 3 years, while only 1.1% of patients with advanced nodal stage survived. On receiving surgery and radiation therapy, the 3-year survival rate increased to 19.5% and 35%, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed that urban region (HR = 1.568, p = 0.040), gallstone or not (1.571, p = 0.049), N stage (HR = 1.468, p = 0.029), and M stage (HR = 2.289, p < 0.0001) were independent risk factors for prognosis, while surgery or not (HR = 0.573, p = 0.030) was the protective factor for the prognosis of GBC.

Conclusion
The overall survival of GBC in the Gangetic belt is poor. The geographical region of patients, gallstones, and N and M stage was the risk factors for prognosis, while surgery or not was the protective factor for the prognosis of GBC.
LINC00629 protects osteosarcoma cell from ER stress-induced apoptosis and facilitates tumour progression by elevating KLF4 stability
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zheng Shuo , Han Jian , Li Na , Ji Renchen , Li Xiaodong , Han Chuanchun , Zhao Wenzhi , Zhang Lu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Escaping from ER stress-induced apoptosis plays an important role in the progression of many tumours. However, its molecular mechanism in osteosarcoma remains incompletely understood.

Methods
The molecular mechanism was investigated using RNA sequencing, qRT–PCR and Western blot assays. The relationship between LINC00629 and KLF4 was investigated using RNA pulldown and ubiquitylation assays. The transcriptional regulation of laminin subunit alpha 4 (LAMA4) by KLF4 was identified using bioinformatic analysis, a luciferase assay, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.

Results
Here, we demonstrated that LINC00629 was increased under ER stress treatment. Elevated LINC00629 inhibited ER stress-induced osteosarcoma cell apoptosis and promoted clonogenicity and migration in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanistic studies indicated that LINC00629 interacted with KLF4 and suppressed its degradation, which led to a KLF4 increase in osteosarcoma. In addition, we also found that KLF4 upregulated LAMA4 expression by directly binding to its promoter and that LINC00629 inhibited ER stress-induced apoptosis and facilitated osteosarcoma cell clonogenicity and metastasis by activating the KLF4-LAMA4 pathway.

Conclusion
Collectively, our data indicate that LINC00629 is a critical long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) induced by ER stress and plays an oncogenic role in osteosarcoma cell by activating the KLF4-LAMA4 axis.
Introducing insect- or plant-based dinner meals to families in Denmark: study protocol for a randomized intervention trial
Authors: Maya Cassandra , Cunha Luís Miguel , de Almeida Costa Ana Isabel , Veldkamp Teun , Roos Nanna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Plant- and insect-based foods are promising alternative protein sources. Previous studies have shown that introducing plant-based foods to the diet can reduce meat intake, but no such intervention has explored the effects of insect-based foods.

Methods
This study aims to integrate alternative proteins to main meals of 80 Danish families through a 6-week two-arm randomized intervention trial to investigate acceptance, consumption, and potential for meat replacement. The primary outcome is the replacement of dietary meat protein with plant- or insect-based protein from the intervention foods assessed through change in daily meat protein intake, proportion of meat protein to total protein intake, and counts of dinner meals with meat and intervention products.

Conclusion
The results of this study will contribute to research in alternative proteins and explore the effects of long-term exposure of meat replacement.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05156853. Registered 24 December 2021
Successful treatment of invasive tracheobronchial pulmonary aspergillosis with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and combined systemic, intratracheal instillation of liposomal amphotericin B: a case report
Authors: Sato Shuku , Kamata Wataru , Fukaguchi Kiyomitsu , Tsunoda Shun , Kamio Tadashi , Koyama Hiroshi , Sugimoto Hideyasu , Tamai Yotaro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Invasive pulmonary Aspergillus and invasive bronchial aspergillosis is a life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection that predominantly affects immunocompromised hosts. A case series and review found that the mortality rate of invasive bronchial aspergillosis is high, at about 40%, and 23.7% of invasive bronchial aspergillosis patients require mechanical ventilator management. There are few reports of life-saving cases with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as rescue therapy in invasive pulmonary Aspergillus and invasive bronchial aspergillosis. Here, we report a case of invasive bronchial aspergillosis and invasive pulmonary Aspergillus that was successfully treated with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and combined systemic and intratracheal instillation of liposomal amphotericin B.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 61-year-old Japanese man with invasive tracheobronchial-pulmonary aspergillosis while receiving chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma. Bronchoscopy revealed trachea covered with pseudomembranous necrotizing tissue, the culture revealed Aspergillus fumigatus, and the histological findings of pseudomembranous revealed fungal hyphae. The patient required venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation because of respiratory failure for atelectasis and obstructive pneumoniae. While continuing systemic administration of liposomal amphotericin B, intratracheal instillation liposomal amphotericin B was performed by bronchoscopy three times a week. Although the respiratory conditions improved and the patient was discontinued on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, he ultimately died of recurrence of malignant lymphoma.

Conclusion
Intratracheal instillation of liposomal amphotericin B is safe, and liposomal amphotericin B instillation allowed a targeted high local drug concentration, which led to improvement in the invasive bronchial aspergillosis. In addition, since the patient was supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, we were able to perform safe bronchoscopic debridement of airway lesions and intratracheal instillation of liposomal amphotericin B.
Risk factors for colonization by carbapenemase-producing bacteria in Spanish long-term care facilities: a multicentre point-prevalence study
Authors: Callejón Fernández Manuel , Madueño Alonso Ana , Abreu Rodríguez Rossana , Aguirre-Jaime Armando , Castro Hernández María Beatriz , Ramos-Real María José , Pedroso-Fernández Yanet , Lecuona Fernández María 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The emergence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria (CPB) has become a major public health concern. Long-term care facilities (LTCF) are potential reservoirs for multidrug-resistant micro-organisms (MDRO). However, data on CPB is limited. The study aims to determine the prevalence of MDRO and risk factors for CPB colonization among residents of LTCFs.

Methods
A point-prevalence study was conducted at 14 LTCFs in Tenerife (Spain) between October 2020 and May 2021. Nasal and rectal swabs were cultured for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-Ab) and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular detection of resistance genes were performed. Risk factors for colonization by carbapenemase-producing bacteria (CPB) were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
A total of 760 LTCF residents were recruited. The prevalence of colonization by CPB was 9.3% (n = 71) with the following distribution: 35 (49.3%) K. pneumoniae, 26 (36.6%) MDR-Ab, 17 (23.9%) E. coli, and 1 (1.4%) C. koseri. In addition, the prevalence of colonization by MRSA was 28.1% (n = 215) and only one case of VRE was isolated. Multivariate analysis identified male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.86–3.11; P = 0.01), having a high health requirement (OR, 6.32; 95% CI, 1.91–20.92; P = 0.003) and previous hospitalization (OR, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.59–8.15 P = 0.002) as independent risk factors for CPB rectal carriage.

Conclusions
LTCFs are an important reservoir for MDRO, including CPB. We have identified some predictors of colonization by CPB, which enable a more targeted management of high-risk residents. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes and infection control preventive measures are needed to stop acquisition and transmission of MDRO.
Ishige foliacea ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in stress hormone treated mice
Authors: Kim Minji , Kwon Sangoh , Cho Sueongmok , Um Min Young 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChronic stress is an important factor to several physical and mental diseases. Ishige foliacea, an edible brown seaweed, has various biological properties; however, its role in alleviating stress-induced depression remains unclear. Thus, the antidepressant-like effects of I. foliacea ethanolic extract (IE) were investigated using corticosterone (CORT)-treated HT22 cells and CORT-induced depressive mice. IE significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and protein expression; furthermore, it up-regulated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway. In the CORT-induced depressive mice, IE administration (500 mg/kg, bodyweight) exerted antidepressant effects according to behavioral tests. In addition, IE activated the ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway owing to CORT exposure in the hippocampus. Therefore, IE inhibited ROS production and MAO activity and improved depressive behaviors caused by stress hormones, which demonstrates the therapeutic potential of IE in the treatment of depression.
Full-fat insect meals in ruminant nutrition: in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and lipid biohydrogenation
Authors: Renna Manuela , Coppa Mauro , Lussiana Carola , Le Morvan Aline , Gasco Laura , Maxin Gaelle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The most used protein sources in ruminant nutrition are considered as having negative impacts in terms of environmental sustainability and competition with human nutrition. Therefore, the investigation of alternative and sustainable feedstuffs is becoming a priority in ruminant production systems.

Results
This trial was designed to evaluate eight full-fat insect meals (Acheta domesticus – ACD; Alphitobius diaperinus – ALD; Blatta lateralis – BL; Gryllus bimaculatus – GB; Grylloides sygillatus – GS; Hermetia illucens – HI; Musca domestica – MD; and Tenebrio molitor – TM) as potential protein and lipid sources in ruminant nutrition. Fermentation parameters and fatty acids (FA) of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro ruminal incubation of the tested insect meals were measured and compared with those of three plant-based meals (soybean meal, rapeseed meal and sunflower meal) and fishmeal (FM). Similarly to FM, the insect meals led to a significantly lower total gas production (on average, 1.75 vs. 4.64 mmol/g dry matter—DM), methane production (on average, 0.33 vs. 0.91 mmol/g DM), volatile FA production (on average, 4.12 vs. 7.53 mmol/g DM), and in vitro organic matter disappearance (on average, 0.32 vs. 0.59 g/g) than those observed for the plant meals. The insect meals also led to lower ammonia of rumen fluid, when expressed as a proportion of total N (on average, 0.74 vs. 0.52 for the plant and insect meals, respectively), which could be an advantage provided that intestinal digestibility is high. Differences in ruminal fermentation parameters between the insect meals could be partially explained by their chitin, crude protein and ether extract contents, as well as by their FA profile. In particular, high content of polyunsaturated FA, or C12:0 (in HI), seems to partially inhibit the ruminal fermentations.

Conclusions
The tested full-fat insect meals appear to be potentially an interesting protein and lipid source for ruminants, alternative to the less sustainable and commonly used ones of plant origin. The FA profile of the rumen digesta of ACD, ALD, GB, GS and TM, being rich in n-6 polyunsaturated FA, could be interesting to improve the quality of ruminant-derived food products.
Identification of a minimum number of genes to predict triple-negative breast cancer subgroups from gene expression profiles
Authors: Akhouayri Laila , Ostano Paola , Mello-Grand Maurizia , Gregnanin Ilaria , Crivelli Francesca , Laurora Sara , Liscia Daniele , Leone Francesco , Santoro Angela , Mulè Antonino , Guarino Donatella , Maggiore Claudia , Carlino Angela , Magno Stefano , Scatolini Maria , Di Leone Alba , Masetti Riccardo , Chiorino Giovanna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very heterogeneous disease. Several gene expression and mutation profiling approaches were used to classify it, and all converged to the identification of distinct molecular subtypes, with some overlapping across different approaches. However, a standardised tool to routinely classify TNBC in the clinics and guide personalised treatment is lacking. We aimed at defining a specific gene signature for each of the six TNBC subtypes proposed by Lehman et al. in 2011 (basal-like 1 (BL1); basal-like 2 (BL2); mesenchymal (M); immunomodulatory (IM); mesenchymal stem-like (MSL); and luminal androgen receptor (LAR)), to be able to accurately predict them.

Methods
Lehman’s TNBCtype subtyping tool was applied to RNA-sequencing data from 482 TNBC (GSE164458), and a minimal subtype-specific gene signature was defined by combining two class comparison techniques with seven attribute selection methods. Several machine learning algorithms for subtype prediction were used, and the best classifier was applied on microarray data from 72 Italian TNBC and on the TNBC subset of the BRCA-TCGA data set.

Results
We identified two signatures with the 120 and 81 top up- and downregulated genes that define the six TNBC subtypes, with prediction accuracy ranging from 88.6 to 89.4%, and even improving after removal of the least important genes. Network analysis was used to identify highly interconnected genes within each subgroup. Two druggable matrix metalloproteinases were found in the BL1 and BL2 subsets, and several druggable targets were complementary to androgen receptor or aromatase in the LAR subset. Several secondary drug–target interactions were found among the upregulated genes in the M, IM and MSL subsets.

Conclusions
Our study took full advantage of available TNBC data sets to stratify samples and genes into distinct subtypes, according to gene expression profiles. The development of a data mining approach to acquire a large amount of information from several data sets has allowed us to identify a well-determined minimal number of genes that may help in the recognition of TNBC subtypes. These genes, most of which have been previously found to be associated with breast cancer, have the potential to become novel diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets for specific TNBC subsets.
Prognostic significance of delirium subtypes in critically ill medical and surgical patients: a secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Smit Lisa , Wiegers Eveline J. A. , Trogrlic Zoran , Rietdijk Wim J. R. , Gommers Diederik , Ista Erwin , van der Jagt Mathieu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The prognostic implication of delirium subtypes in critically ill medical and surgical patients is scarcely investigated. The objective was to determine how delirium subtypes are associated with hospital mortality and other clinical outcomes.

Methods
We performed a secondary analysis on data from a prospective multicenter study aimed at implementation of delirium-oriented measures, conducted between 2012 and 2015 in The Netherlands. We included adults (≥ 18 years) admitted to the medical or surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Exclusion criteria were neurological admission diagnosis, persistent coma or ICU readmissions. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU or Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist, and delirium subtypes (hypoactive, hyperactive, or mixed) were classified using the Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale. The main outcome was hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were ICU mortality, ICU length of stay, coma, mechanical ventilation, and use of antipsychotics, sedatives, benzodiazepines and opioids.

Results
Delirium occurred in 381 (24.4%) of 1564 patients (52.5% hypoactive, 39.1% mixed, 7.3% hyperactive). After case-mix adjustment, patients with mixed delirium had higher hospital mortality than non-delirious patients (OR 3.09, 95%CI 1.79–5.33, p = 0.001), whereas hypoactive patients did not (OR 1.34, 95%CI 0.71–2.55, p = 0.37). Similar results were found for ICU mortality. Compared to non-delirious patients, both subtypes had longer ICU stay, more coma, increased mechanical ventilation frequency and duration, and received more antipsychotics, sedatives, benzodiazepines and opioids. Except for coma and benzodiazepine use, the most unfavourable outcomes were observed in patients with mixed delirium.

Conclusions
Patients with mixed delirium had the most unfavourable outcomes, including higher mortality, compared with no delirium. These differences argue for distinguishing delirium subtypes in clinical practice and future research.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01952899.