bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Commercial Determinants of Health and Evidence Synthesis (CODES): methodological guidance for systematic reviews and other evidence syntheses
Authors: Petticrew Mark , Glover Rebecca E. , Volmink Jimmy , Blanchard Laurence , Cott Éadaoin , Knai Cécile , Maani Nason , Thomas James , Tompson Alice , van Schalkwyk May C. I. , Welch Vivian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe field of the commercial determinants of health (CDOH) refers to the commercial products, pathways and practices that may affect health. The field is growing rapidly, as evidenced by the WHO programme on the economic and commercial determinants of health and a rise in researcher and funder interest. Systematic reviews (SRs) and evidence synthesis more generally will be crucial tools in the evolution of CDOH as a field. Such reviews can draw on existing methodological guidance, though there are areas where existing methods are likely to differ, and there is no overarching guidance on the conduct of CDOH-focussed systematic reviews, or guidance on the specific methodological and conceptual challenges.Methods/resultsCODES provides guidance on the conduct of systematic reviews focussed on CDOH, from shaping the review question with input from stakeholders, to disseminating the review. Existing guidance was used to identify key stages and to provide a structure for the guidance. The writing group included experience in systematic reviews and other forms of evidence synthesis, and in equity and CDOH research (both primary research and systematic reviews).ConclusionsThis guidance highlights the special methodological and other considerations for CDOH reviews, including equity considerations, and pointers to areas for future methodological and guideline development. It should contribute to the reliability and utility of CDOH reviews and help stimulate the production of reviews in this growing field.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for vascular surgery: an evidence map and scoping review
Authors: Apaydin Eric A. , Woo Karen , Rollison Julia , Baxi Sangita , Motala Aneesa , Hempel Susanne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) interventions aim to improve patient outcomes. Vascular surgery patients have unique requirements and it is unclear which ERAS interventions are supported by an evidence base.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review to identify ERAS randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the biomedical or nursing literature. We assessed interventions for applicability to vascular surgery and differentiated interventions given at preadmission, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative surgery stages. We documented the research in an evidence map.

Results
We identified 76 relevant RCTs. Interventions were mostly administered in preoperative (23 RCTs; 30%) or intraoperative surgery stages (35 RCTs; 46%). The majority of studies reported mortality outcomes (44 RCTs; 58%), but hospital (27 RCTs; 35%) and intensive care unit (9 RCTs; 12%) length of stay outcomes were less consistently described.

Conclusion
The ERAS evidence base is growing but contains gaps. Research on preadmission interventions and more consistent reporting of key outcomes is needed.
Establishing a health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for isoflurane using experimental animal data: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Struijs Fréderique , Hooijmans Carlijn R. , Buijs Marije , Dahan Albert , Hoffmann Sebastian , Kiffen Romy , Mandrioli Daniele , Menon Julia , Ritskes-Hoitinga Merel , Roeleveld Nel , de Ruijter Anne , Scheffer Gert Jan , Schlünssen Vivi , Scheepers Paul T. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIsoflurane is used as an inhalation anesthetic in medical, paramedical, and veterinary practice. Epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of miscarriages and malformations at birth related to maternal exposure to isoflurane and other inhalation anesthetics. However, these studies cannot be used to derive an occupational exposure level (OEL), because exposure was not determined quantitatively and other risk factors such as co-exposures to other inhalation anesthetics and other work-related factors may also have contributed to the observed adverse outcomes. The aim of this systematic review project is to assess all available evidence on the effects of isoflurane in studies of controlled exposures in laboratory animals to derive a health-based recommended OEL.MethodsA comprehensive search strategy was developed to retrieve all animal studies addressing isoflurane exposure from PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Title-abstract screening will be performed by machine learning, and full-text screening by one reviewer. Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion. We will include primary research in healthy, sexually mature (non human) vertebrates of single exposure to isoflurane. Studies describing combined exposure and treatments with >  = 1 vol% isoflurane will be excluded. Subsequently, details regarding study identification, study design, animal model, and intervention will be summarized. All relevant exposure characteristics and outcomes will be extracted. The risk of bias will be assessed by two independent reviewers using an adapted version of the SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool and an addition of the OHAT tool. For all outcomes for which dose–response curves can be derived, the benchmark dose (BMD) approach will be used to establish a point of departure for deriving a recommended health-based recommended OEL for 8 h (workshift exposure) and for 15 min (short-term exposure).DiscussionIncluded studies should be sufficiently sensitive to detect the adverse health outcomes of interest. Uncertainties in the extrapolation from animals to humans will be addressed using assessment factor. These factors are justified in accordance with current practice in chemical risk assessment. A panel of experts will be involved to reach consensus decisions regarding significant steps in this project, such as determination of the critical effects and how to extrapolate from animals to humans.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42022308978
The role of intraoperative ultrasound in management of spinal intradural mass lesions and outcome
Authors: Elmesallamy Wael Abd Elrahman Ali , Yakout Hesham , Hassanen Sami , Elshekh Magdy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The spinal intradural mass lesions represent a challenge in microsurgical practices. The intraoperative precise localization and characterization of these lesions must be achieved to avoid excessive exposure and neural tissue damage. This study aims to evaluate the role of intraoperative ultrasound during surgical dealing with spinal intradural mass lesions starting before bony work exposure.

Results
This prospective study had been done during the period from January 2022 to January 2023 with follow-up at least 6 months on 36 patients, suffered intradural spinal mass lesions and underwent microsurgical interventions aided with intraoperative ultrasound. MRI spine and Klekamp score were used as preoperative and postoperative parameters for assessment of the patients. Intraoperative ultrasound features were analyzed to evaluate its values. All lesions were visualized and characterized by intraoperative ultrasound beside spinal anatomical identification. Laminoplasty, laminectomy, durotomy and myelotomy were determined by IOUS. Gross total eradication was achieved in 28/36 (78%). Intraoperative ultrasonography definition of cystic component, well-defined borders and smooth shape of the masses were associated with significant Klekamp outcome improvement.

Conclusion
Intraoperative ultrasound can be used safely to detect the spinal intradural mass lesions even before bony work for exposure with anatomical and pathological definition and has the ability to predict the outcome.
The Sagittal Angle of the Trigeminal Nerve at the Porus Trigeminus is a Radiologic Predictor of Surgical Outcome in Microvascular Decompression for Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Branstetter Barton F. , Sekula Raymond F. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Classical trigeminal neuralgia (cTN) is a painful disease. Microvascular decompression (MVD) provides immediate and durable relief in many patients. A variety of positive and negative prognostic biomarkers for MVD have been identified. The sagittal angle of the trigeminal nerve at the porus trigeminus (SATNaPT) is an MRI biomarker that can identify a subset of patients with cTN whose trigeminal nerve anatomy is different from normal controls. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine whether an abnormally hyperacute SATNaPT is a negative prognostic biomarker in patients with cTN undergoing MVD.

METHODS:
Preoperative MRIs from 300 patients with cTN who underwent MVD were analyzed to identify patients with a hyperacute SATNaPT (defined as less than 3 SDs below the mean). The rate of surgical success (pain-free after at least 12 months) was compared between patients with a hyperacute SATNaPT and all other patients.

RESULTS:
Patients without a hyperacute SATNaPT had an 82% likelihood of surgical success, whereas patients with a hyperacute SATNaPT had a 58% likelihood of surgical success (P < .05). Patients with a hyperacute SATNaPT who also had no evidence of vascular compression on preoperative MRI had an even lower likelihood of success (29%, P < .05).

CONCLUSION:
In patients with cTN being considered for MVD, a hyperacute SATNaPT is a negative prognostic biomarker that predicts a higher likelihood of surgical failure. Patients with a hyperacute SATNaPT, particularly those without MRI evidence of vascular compression, may benefit from other surgical treatments or a modification of MVD to adequately address the underlying cause of cTN.
Lateral Displacement of the Phrenic Nerve in C5 Tumors
Authors: Lakomkin Nikita , Wu Kitty Y. , Hébert-Blouin Marie-Noëlle , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Nerve sheath tumors of the brachial plexus frequently distort the local anatomy, increasing the difficulty of safe exposure and resection. However, lateral displacement of the phrenic nerve has not been previously described. The purpose of this study was thus to illustrate the abnormal lateral displacement of the phrenic nerve in 2 cases of patients undergoing brachial plexus tumor resection and provide a possible mechanism for this observation.

METHODS:
Two patients underwent surgical resection of clinically progressing C5 schwannomas. During exposure, the phrenic nerve was found to be significantly more superficial and lateral than typical. This structural relationship persisted even after complete resection of the lesion. Both patients did well postoperatively.

RESULTS:
The phrenic nerve traverses along the anterolateral aspect of the anterior scalene. However, in these 2 cases of C5 nerve sheath tumors, the phrenic was found to be significantly more lateral and superficial than usual, draping across the medial aspect of the tumor. We believe that the C5-phrenic communicating branch may act as a functional tether that mobilizes the phrenic nerve laterally as the tumor grows. The mass effect on the anterior scalene by the underlying C5 tumor may further contribute to the anterolateral and superficial displacement of the nerve.

CONCLUSION:
The phrenic nerve may be seen markedly more laterally and superficially displaced in cases of C5 nerve sheath tumors. It is important for surgeons who operate on lesions of the brachial plexus to be aware of this phenomenon.
Microenvironment-dependent growth of Sezary cells in humanized IL-15 mice
Authors: Gao Jie , Ren Shumei , Choonoo Gabrielle , Chen Guoying , Frleta Davor , Zhong Jun , Gupta Namita , Sharma Prachi , Oyejide Adelekan , Atwal Gurinder S. , Macdonald Lynn , Murphy Andrew , Kuhnert Frank 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Sezary syndrome (SS) is a rare, aggressive leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that lacks adequate therapeutic options and representative small-animal models. Here, we demonstrate that IL-15 is a critical CTCL growth factor. Importantly, an immunodeficient knock-in mouse model genetically engineered to express human IL-15 uniquely supported the growth of SS patient samples relative to conventional immunodeficient mouse strains. SS patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models recapacitated key pathological features of the human disease, including skin infiltration and spread of leukemic cells to the periphery, and maintained the dependence on human IL-15 upon serial in vivo passaging. Detailed molecular characterization of the engrafted cells by single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed congruent neoplastic gene expression signatures but distinct clonal engraftment patterns. Overall, we document an important dependence of Sezary cell survival and proliferation on IL-15 signaling and the utility of immunodeficient humanized IL-15 mice as hosts for SS – and potentially other T and NK cell-derived hematologic malignancies – PDX model generation. Furthermore, these studies advocate the thorough molecular understanding of the resultant PDX models to maximize their translational impact.
Caffeine Improves Simulated 800-m Run Performance without Affecting Severe Exercise-Induced Arterial Hypoxemia
Authors: DOBASHI KOHEI , FUKAZAWA YUKI , KATAGIRI AKIRA , ENOMOTO YASUSHI , NISHIYASU TAKESHI , FUJII NAOTO 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Although caffeine is known to possess ergogenic effects, previous studies demonstrated no effect of caffeine on 800-m run performance outdoors, which might be due to several uncontrolled factors including pacing strategies. We hypothesized that caffeine ingestion improves a pace-controlled simulated 800-m run performance. We also hypothesized that exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia occurs during the simulated 800-m run, and this response is mitigated by caffeine-induced increases in exercise ventilation.

Methods
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover design, 16 (3 females) college middle-distance runners who have 800-m seasonal best of 119.97 ± 7.64 s ingested either 1) placebo (6 mg of glucose per kilogram of body weight) or caffeine (6 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight). Then they performed an 800-m run consisting of 30-s running at 103% of their 800-m seasonal best, followed by running at 98% of seasonal best until exhaustion, which mimics actual 800-m run pacing pattern.

Results
Running time to exhaustion was extended by 7.3% ± 6.2% in the caffeine-ingested relative to placebo trial (123 ± 12 vs 114 ± 9 s, P = 0.04). Arterial oxygen saturation markedly decreased during the simulating running, but this response was similar (76.6% ± 5.7% vs 81.1% ± 5.2%, at 113 s of the simulating running) between the caffeine and placebo trials (P ≥ 0.23 for time–supplement interaction and main effect of supplement). Minute ventilation, oxygen uptake (all P ≥ 0.36 for time–supplement interaction and main effect of supplement), and rate of perceived exertion (all P ≥ 0.11) did not differ between the trials throughout the simulating running. Heart rate was higher in the caffeine-ingested trial throughout the simulated running (P < 0.01 for main effect of supplement). Postexercise blood lactate concentration was higher in the caffeine trial (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Caffeine ingestion improves simulated 800-m run performance without affecting exercise ventilation and severe exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia.
A Device Agnostic Approach to Predict Children’s Activity from Consumer Wearable Accelerometer Data: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: WEAVER R. GLENN , WHITE JAMES , FINNEGAN OLIVIA , NELAKUDITI SRIHARI , ZHU XUANXUAN , BURKART SARAH , BEETS MICHAEL , BROWN TREY , PATE RUSS , WELK GREGORY J. , DE ZAMBOTTI MASSIMILIANO , GHOSAL RAHUL , WANG YUAN , ARMSTRONG BRIDGET , ADAMS ELIZABETH L. , REESOR-OYER LAYTON , PFLEDDERER CHRISTOPHER D. , BASTYR MEGHAN , VON KLINGGRAEFF LAUREN , PARKER HANNAH 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study examined the potential of a device agnostic approach for predicting physical activity from consumer wearable accelerometry compared with a research-grade accelerometry.

Methods
Seventy-five 5- to 12-year-olds (58% male, 63% White) participated in a 60-min protocol. Children wore wrist-placed consumer wearables (Apple Watch Series 7 and Garmin Vivoactive 4) and a research-grade device (ActiGraph GT9X) concurrently with an indirect calorimeter (COSMED K5). Activity intensities (i.e., inactive, light, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) were estimated via indirect calorimetry (criterion), and the Hildebrand thresholds were applied to the raw accelerometer data from the consumer wearables and research-grade device. Epoch-by-epoch (e.g., weighted sensitivity, specificity) and discrepancy (e.g., mean bias, absolute error) analyses evaluated agreement between accelerometry-derived and criterion estimates. Equivalence testing evaluated the equivalence of estimates produced by the consumer wearables and ActiGraph.

Results
Estimates produced by the raw accelerometry data from ActiGraph, Apple, and Garmin produced similar criterion agreement with weighted sensitivity = 68.2% (95% confidence interval (CI), 67.1%–69.3%), 73.0% (95% CI, 71.8%–74.3%), and 66.6% (95% CI, 65.7%–67.5%), respectively, and weighted specificity = 84.4% (95% CI, 83.6%–85.2%), 82.0% (95% CI, 80.6%–83.4%), and 75.3% (95% CI, 74.7%–75.9%), respectively. Apple Watch produced the lowest mean bias (inactive, −4.0 ± 4.5; light activity, 2.1 ± 4.0) and absolute error (inactive, 4.9 ± 3.4; light activity, 3.6 ± 2.7) for inactive and light physical activity minutes. For moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ActiGraph produced the lowest mean bias (1.0 ± 2.9) and absolute error (2.8 ± 2.4). No ActiGraph and consumer wearable device estimates were statistically significantly equivalent.

Conclusions
Raw accelerometry estimated inactive and light activity from wrist-placed consumer wearables performed similarly to, if not better than, a research-grade device, when compared with indirect calorimetry. This proof-of-concept study highlights the potential of device-agnostic methods for quantifying physical activity intensity via consumer wearables.
Responses of β-thalassemia and compound heterozygote of Sickle/βthalassemia of BCL11A Gene Polymorphism in Pakistani Patients
Authors: Soomro Nayab , Wahid Mohsin , Mehmood Mehreen , Danish Syed Hasan 
Published: September 2023

Background and Objective: Beta-thalassemia major (β-Thal) and compound heterozygote of Sickle β-thalassemia (S-β Thal) are hereditary autosomal recessive disorders resulting from mutations or deletion in β-globin gene cluster. Patients with increased HbF levels having polymorphism at BCL11A site loci have shown clinical significance. The present study aimed to assess the frequency of BCL11A gene polymorphism in a study population of β-Thal, S-β Thal & Controls using Sanger sequencing leading to plot the HbF response of polymorphism with reference to wild type.
Methods: The sample size of the study is n=180, groups were divided in Controls, β-thal & S-β thal. One ml blood was drawn from patients and controls to extract DNA for PCR amplification and BCL11A locus genotyping using Sanger sequencing. This study was carried out at Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, for one year from March 2021 to February 2022.
Results: The HbF response of three groups is hyperbolic with 83 for β-Thal, 16 for S-β Thal and close to zero for controls. The frequency of heterozygous variant GA of BCL11A gene polymorphism is 51%. The frequency of homozygous variant GG is 49%. Complete absence of wild type AA in patient group. The frequency of BCL11A polymorphism in control group was 43% (with male 18% and female 21%) showing wild type status of 57%.
Conclusions: The patient groups of SCD and Beta thalassemia are devoid of wild type status. The wild type status of BCL11A is 57% even in control population. Higher level of HbF in B-thalassemia and SCD and B Thalassemia is a cost-effective screening marker before switching to an expensive genotyping testing.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7183
How to cite this: Soomro N, Wahid M, Mehmood M, Danish SH. Responses of β-thalassemia and compound heterozygote of Sickle/βthalassemia of BCL11A Gene Polymorphism in Pakistani Patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7183
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Series: Severe meibomian gland loss in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients on estrogen-progesterone therapy
Authors: Sandhu Japmehr Kaur , Singh Swati , Basu Sayan 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: To report the ocular surface and meibomian gland changes in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women taking hormone supplementation. Methods: Case series. Results: Three women (27 ± 11 years) already diagnosed with PCOS presented with dry eye symptoms (mean OSDI, 37.5) for a mean duration of 13 months and were taking hormonal supplements for a mean duration of 60 ± 11 months. The hormonal supplements included oral estrogen (n=3), oral progesterone (n=3), antiandrogen cyproterone (n=1) and isotretinoin (n=1). Ocular surface evaluation revealed mean NIBUT of 9.9 ± 1.6 seconds and mean TMH of 0.27 ± 0.05 mm assessed non-invasively using Oculus keratograph 5M (K5M). Meibography (K5M) showed near total loss of all meibomian glands (n=8/12 eyelids) with residual ghost glands in all four eyelids of two patients, and gland shortening alone in one eyelid. The gland morphology did not change following intense thermal pulsation treatment or cessation of hormonal therapy. Conclusions: Near-total irreversible meibomian gland loss was seen in two young PCOS women taking hormonal supplements. Collaboration between ophthalmologists and gynecologists is advisable for early detection and better understanding of dry eye disease (DED) progression in these patients.