bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
German Radiological Society and the Professional Association of German Radiologists Position Paper on Coronary computed tomography: Clinical Evidence and Quality of Patient Care in Chronic Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Langenbach Marcel C. , Sandstede Jörn , Sieren Malte M. , Barkhausen Jörg , Gutberlet Matthias , Bamberg Fabian , Lehmkuhl Lukas , Maintz David , Naehle Claas P. 
Published: January 2023

This position paper is a joint statement of the German Radiological Society (DRG) and the Professional Association of German Radiologists (BDR), which reflects the current state of knowledge about coronary computed tomography. It is based on preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the clinical relevance as well as the technical requirements and fundamentals of cardiac computed tomography.
Citation Format
Evaluation der Nutzung von intraoperativer OCT im operativen Alltag: ein 2-Jahres-Vergleich
Authors: Juergens Lukas , Michiels Sofie , Seiler Theo , Menzel-Severing Johannes , Holtmann Christoph , Spaniol Kistina , Borrelli Maria , Schrader Stefan , Guthoff Rainer , Geerling Gerd 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im Verlauf der letzten Jahre werden zunehmend mehr OP-Mikroskope mit OCT-Modul (intraoperatives OCT, iOCT) verfügbar, die in Echtzeit hochauflösende Aufnahmen des
OP-Situs liefern. Nachdem eine Erhebung 2018 an unserer Klinik nur in 2,4% aller Operationen einen intraoperativen Zusatznutzen der iOCT ergab, der Hersteller aber die Hardware und Software
überarbeitet hat, führten wir erneut eine Nutzenanalyse der Technologie durch.
Material und Methoden Prospektive monozentrische Analyse zu Einsatz und Anwenderfreundlichkeit eines EnFocus Ultra-Deep OCT (Leica Microsystems) über einen Zeitraum von 25 (2018)
bzw. 20 Werktagen (2021). Anhand eines standardisierten Fragebogens wurde die Verwendung der iOCT auf den OP-Verlauf durch die Operateure bewertet.
Ergebnisse 2018 wurden über einen Zeitraum von 25 Tagen 118 Operationen und 2021 über 20 Tage 92 Operationen durchgeführt. 2018 wurde die iOCT-Funktion in 24,6% und 2021 in 48,9%
aller Eingriffe eingesetzt, wobei sich in beiden Jahren die iOCT nach Einschätzung durch die Operateure in 2,4% bzw. 3,3% als „entscheidend“ für den OP-Verlauf erwies. Hierbei handelte es
sich um Operationen, bei denen der intraokulare Einblick limitiert war, wie z. B. bei dekompensierter Hornhaut, Glaskörperblutung oder nach Voroperationen wie z. B. nach perforierender
Keratoplastik.
Schlussfolgerung Durch die Weiterentwicklung der Nutzeroberfläche wurde eine Verbesserung der Bedienbarkeit erzielt und das iOCT deutlich häufiger verwendet. Die iOCT erwies sich in
vergleichbar wenigen Operationen, insbesondere bei komplexen Ausgangslagen, als verlaufsentscheidend.
The Untold Journey of Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Tong Rongbiao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis personal Account presents the developments of two synthetic strategies (Phenol Oxidative Dearomatization, POD; and Furan Oxidative dearomatization, FOD) for total synthesis of natural products. The POD program was originally derived from our first total synthesis of tenuipyrone, while our productive FOD program arose from the total synthesis of the uprolide family. Instead of a review summary of our total synthesis, this Account is focused on how these total synthesis projects are conceived and connected from the perspective of laboratory development. It is evident that total synthesis is not an isolated event, but a connecting and inspirational point that sparks new ideas and new projects.1	Introduction2	Total Synthesis versus Synthetic Methodology3	Development of Phenol Oxidative Dearomatization (POD) for Total Synthesis4	Development of Furan Oxidative Dearomatization (FOD, Achmatowicz rearrangement) for Total Synthesis5	Conclusion and Outlook
A One-Pot Method to Prepare 4,5-Benzotropones and 2,3,4,5-Dibenzotropones
Authors: Chen Zili , Li Fang-Qin , Liu Xiao-Yu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn extremely simple method is developed to prepare 4,5-benzotropones and 2,3,4,5-dibenzotropones via one-pot cycloaddition reactions of alkynes with naphthoquinones and dibenzoquinones mediated by BF3·Et2O. Various mono- and disubstituted phenylacetylenes, multisubstituted 1,2-naphthoquinones and dibenzoquinone substrates are investigated. In addition, a scale-up synthesis of 7-phenyl-5H-dibenzo[a,c][7]annulen-5-one and further derivation of 7-(4-fluorophenyl)-5H-dibenzo[a,c][7]annulen-5-one are explored.
Les cultures et les langues
Authors: d’Iribarne Philippe 
Published: January 2023

Résumé
Il n’y a pas de lien simple entre langue et culture. Une même langue (le français, l’anglais, l’espagnol, etc.)
peut être associé à des manières différentes de parler du monde, associées à des cultures elles aussi différentes, au sein de
communautés différentes d’utilisateurs (Français, Belges francophones et Québécois ; Mexicains et Argentins ; etc.). Des ensembles
de locuteurs de cultures différentes qui se servent d’une même langue vont y puiser des termes différents pour évoquer une même
situation. Simultanément, des ensembles de locuteurs utilisant des langues différentes, mais proches par leurs cultures (par
exemple Belges francophones et néerlandophones), peuvent se servir alors de termes quasi-équivalents.
Pour saisir ce qui différencie deux cultures, il est très fécond de comparer les manières dont une même situation
y est mise en mots. Les différences entre les versions en anglais et en français du texte de la Convention internationale
des droits de l’enfant fournissent une bonne illustration de ce fait. Si provide et
care sont ainsi caractéristiques de la version anglaise, « veiller à » l’est de la version française. On
retrouve ce même contraste dans des domaines très différents de la vie sociale, par exemple la manière dont les constitutions
française d’un côté et américaine de l’autre évoquent le rôle du chef de l’Etat.
Définir l’intelligence interculturelle
Authors: Monteforte Virginia 
Published: January 2023

RésuméUne définition de l’intelligence interculturelle ne peut pas être univoque ni se dissocier de ses applications, alors qu’une mise en pratique, lors d’un terrain ou de projets interdisciplinaires, nous permet de repenser les limites de nos définitions en y découvrant des potentialités inattendues, grâce au désaccord, à la déconstruction et à la renégociation dialogique et collaborative de certaines prémisses et de certains discours, comme dans le cas des recherches anthropologiques et des projets de recherches appliquées.
Intelligence interculturelle et terminologie comparée
Authors: Elbaz Pascale 
Published: January 2023

Résumé
Le thème du colloque de la CIUTI en 2020 mettait en relation l’intelligence artificielle et l’intelligence
interculturelle. Le présent article se situe du côté de l’intelligence interculturelle dans sa dimension pragmatique. La question
de la signification de l’intelligence interculturelle et des modalités de sa mise en pratique se pose avec acuité pour les
disciplines que nous enseignons à l’ISIT et mène à une dimension didactique, qui vise à préciser comment nous entendons éveiller
l’intelligence interculturelle de nos étudiant.es. Nous présentons en ce sens l’apport de la terminologie comparée, une discipline
installée à la rencontre de deux ou plusieurs systèmes linguistiques et de deux ou plusieurs systèmes culturels et illustrons cet
apport par un retour d’expérience sur deux ateliers collaboratifs.
La compétence interculturelle en traduction
Authors: Marrero Agustín Darias 
Published: January 2023

RésuméIl y a des espaces où les cultures entrent en contact. L’un de ces espaces est constitué par le texte. Les processus de traduction et d’interprétation permettent de faire passer les idées, le sens des textes d’une culture à une autre. Cependant, des éléments textuels chargés d’un poids culturel spécifique, plus marqué, exigent une compétence interculturelle accrue de la part des traducteurs et des interprètes. Cesculturèmes(Vermeer 1983,Nord 1997,2008,Lungu-Badea 2009) demandent un traitement différencié de leur part, entre autres, les notes du traducteur en traduction écrite ou les explicitations des interprètes en interprétation orale.Nous avons mené une expérience didactique visant à constater comment les étudiants peuvent appréhender les compétences interculturelles pour être en mesure de traduire et de transmettre le contenu informatif d’un texte. La population cible de l’expérience réalisée est constituée d’étudiants en traduction et en interprétation qui ont eu à traduire un texte riche en culturèmes du français vers l’espagnol en suivant une méthodologie déterminée. Ils ont dû à posteriori rédiger des commentaires traductologiques justifiant leurs choix de traduction ; le but ultime de cette démarche étant de connaître les principaux défis qu’ils ont rencontrés lors du processus de la traduction et d’identifier les techniques appliquées pour les relever. Les étudiants ont ainsi pris conscience de leur (manque de) compétence interculturelle et du rôle fondamental qu’elle joue dans leur formation et leur future carrière professionnelle.
Evaluer, diagnostiquer et analyser la traduction automatique neuronale
Authors: Yvon François 
Published: January 2023

Résumé
Les outils de traduction automatique (TA) neuronale ont fait des progrès sensibles, qui qui les rendent utilisables pour un nombre croissant de domaines et de couples de langues. Cette évolution majeure des technologies de
traduction invite à revisiter les méthodes de mesure de la qualité de la traduction, en particulier des mesures dites
automatiques, qui jouent un rôle fondamental pour orienter les nouveaux développements de ces systèmes. Dans cet article, nous
dressons un état des lieux des méthodes utilisées dans le cycle de développement des outils de traduction automatique, depuis les
évaluations purement quantitatives jusqu’aux méthodologies récemment proposées pour analyser et diagnostiquer le fonctionnement de
ces “boites noires” neuronales.
Single pulse protoacoustic range verification using a clinical synchrocyclotron
Authors: Caron Joseph , Gonzalez Gilberto , Pandey Prabodh Kumar , Wang Siqi , Prather Kiana , Ahmad Salahuddin , Xiang Liangzhong , Chen Yong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Proton therapy as the next generation radiation-based cancer therapy offers dominant advantages over conventional radiation therapy due to the utilization of the Bragg peak; however, range uncertainty in beam delivery substantially mitigates the advantages of proton therapy. This work reports using protoacoustic measurements to determine the location of proton Bragg peak deposition within a water phantom in real time during beam delivery. Approach. In protoacoustics, proton beams have a definitive range, depositing a majority of the dose at the Bragg peak; this dose is then converted to heat. The resulting thermoelastic expansion generates a 3D acoustic wave, which can be detected by acoustic detectors to localize the Bragg peak. Main results. Protoacoustic measurements were performed with a synchrocyclotron proton machine over the exhaustive energy range from 45.5 to 227.15 MeV in clinic. It was found that the amplitude of the acoustic waves is proportional to proton dose deposition, and therefore encodes dosimetric information. With the guidance of protoacoustics, each individual proton beam (7 pC/pulse) can be directly visualized with sub-millimeter (<0.7 mm) resolution using single beam pulse for the first time. Significance. The ability to localize the Bragg peak in real-time and obtain acoustic signals proportional to dose within tumors could enable precision proton therapy and hope to progress towards in vivo measurements.
Rotating spoke frequency in E × B penning source with two-ion-species plasma
Authors: Choi Jinyoung , Cheon Cheongbin , Hwang Y S , Chung Kyoung-Jae , Kim June Young 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In E

×

B sources with different degrees of magnetization between electrons and ions, collisionless Simon–Hoh instability is prone to be induced, which may result in long-wavelength and low-frequency plasma oscillations along the azimuthal direction known as the rotating spoke. Recent studies have shown that the inertial response of unmagnetized ions is a key factor that affects the rotating spoke frequency, and in-depth studies on the correlation between the ion mass and spoke frequency have been conducted for various types of E

×

B sources (e.g. Hall thruster, magnetron and Penning sources). In the case of the E

×

B Penning source where the generation of desired ion species is maximized through molecular gas discharge, the intrinsic characteristics of the instability dependent on the ion mass inevitably require consideration of the coexistence of various ion species. In this work, we experimentally studied the spoke in the E

×

B Penning source with two-ion-species plasma. By adjusting the mixture ratio of argon and krypton gases, we investigated the changes in instability frequency with electrical diagnostics. Two frequency peaks were clearly observed, with the peaks of lower and higher frequencies corresponding to mode numbers 2 and 3, respectively. The frequencies of each peak shifted to higher values when the argon content in the gas mixture was increased. Finally, the theoretical scaling of the spoke suggests that the changes in the frequencies are proportional to the inverse square root of the effective ion mass.
Two-body top-quark decay in a circularly polarized laser field
Authors: Chahri R , Jakha M , Mouslih S , Manaut B , Taj S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The top quark is distinct from all other fermions due to its high mass and short lifetime. Therefore, it decays rapidly almost exclusively into a light quark and a

W
+

gauge boson. Through all of these properties, the top quark can reveal new details about the standard model and possibly about new physics. In this paper, we have investigated the two-body decay of the top quark (

t
→
q

W

+

), where q represents one of the quarks d, s and b, in the presence of a monochromatic circularly polarized laser field. Using the lowest-order Dirac-Volkov formalism, we have analytically established the expression for the laser-assisted total decay width of the top quark. We have analyzed the dependence of the total decay width, as well as the lifetime and branching ratios (BRs) on the characteristic parameters of the laser. The results indicate that the laser has a decreasing effect on the decay width, leading to an extension of the lifetime. The lifetime behavior inside the laser field is explained by the quantum Zeno effect. More importantly, we find that the laser field with an appropriate frequency and electric field amplitude leads to a modification of the BRs either by the enhancement of the

(
t
→
b

W

+

)

mode or by the suppression of the

(
t
→
s

W

+

)

and

(
t
→
d

W

+

)

modes.
BETSEE: testing for system-wide effects of single event effects on ITk strip modules
Authors: Belanger-Champagne C. , Dandoy J. , Gallop B.J. , Gosart T.C. , Helling C.M. , Keener P. , Krizka K. , McGovern B. , Mullier G. , Poley A.-L. , Roberts B.R. , Sawyer C. , Wall A. , Wang H. , Warren M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Inner Tracker silicon strip detector (ITk Strip) is a part of the ATLAS upgrade for the HL-LHC. The detector readout and control is accomplished by the interaction of three on-module custom ASICs (ABCStarv1, HCCStarv1 and AMACstar). All ASICs are designed with protections against Single Event Errors. Their resilience at the system-level can be tested using the Board for Evaluation of Triple-chip Single Event Effects (BETSEE). This special board places all three ASICs into the beam-spot of a test beam facility concurrently and allows for module-like operation. The results from irradiating BETSEE with heavy ions and protons will be presented.
Neutron-gamma events discrimination under complex circumstances using ResNet
Authors: Song H. , Yang C. , Yu B. , Li X. , Hu T. , Sun L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
On scintillator detectors, neutron and gamma rays could generate signals. These signals are generated internally and cannot be shielded, and there are various complex circumstances during data collection, such as piled-up pulse at high count rates and overflowed pulse caused by detector range limits. It is challenging to screen these complex circumstances using conventional methods like charge comparison. Conventional methods have low accuracy and lack self adaptability, to address these problem, a neural network based on residual connection structure (ResNet) was proposed. On the basis of the collected real signal, the pulse waveforms under complex circumstances were simulated. After integrating these waveforms into a dataset, they were trained and validated by ResNet and compared with two neural network algorithms MLP and CNN. The false predictions number of ResNet is 60% and 73% lower than that of CNN and MLP. The macro average F1 score of ResNet was 0.9956, which was significantly higher than 0.9885 of CNN and 0.9855 of MLP. And in the ROC and AUC, ResNet is still the best performing method, furthermore the improvement of ResNet to CNN is higher than that of CNN to MLP. These results indicated that Proposed ResNet is more suitable for neutron-gamma events discrimination in complex situations.
Logarithmic catastrophes and Stokes’s phenomenon in waves at horizons
Authors: Farrell L M , Howls C J , O’Dell D H J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWaves propagating near an event horizon display interesting features including logarithmic phase singularities and caustics. We consider an acoustic horizon in a flowing Bose–Einstein condensate where the elementary excitations obey the Bogoliubov dispersion relation. In the Hamiltonian ray theory the solutions undergo a broken pitchfork bifurcation near the horizon and one might therefore expect the associated wave structure to be given by a Pearcey function, this being the universal wave function that dresses catastrophes with two control parameters. However, the wave function is in fact an Airy-type function supplemented by a logarithmic phase term, a novel type of wave catastrophe. Similar wave functions arise in aeroacoustic flows from jet engines, path integrals in radio astronomy, and also gravitational horizons if dispersion which violates Lorentz symmetry in the UV is included. The approach we take differs from most previous authors in that we analyze the behavior of the integral representation of the wave function using exponential coordinates. This allows for a different treatment of the branch cuts and gives rise to an analysis based purely on saddlepoint expansions. We are thereby able to resolve the multiple real and complex waves that interact at the horizon and its companion caustic. We find that the horizon is a physical manifestation of a Stokes surface, marking the place where a wave is born, and that the horizon and the caustic do not in general coincide: the finite spatial region between them delineates a broadened horizon.
Determining the range of process parameters for friction stir welding using steepest ascent approach
Authors: Singh Naveen , Gupta Meenu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the present research work, friction stir welding (FSW) of dissimilar aluminium alloy series (i.e., 7xxx and 8xxx) is performed at various rotational speeds (1900–2500 rpm), welding speeds (60–80 mm min−1), and tilt angle (1.8°–2.4°) to find out the optimal ranges of process parameters for main experiments. The experiments are designed as per the steepest ascent approach by using three factors two-level fractional factorial design. The tensile strength is considered as an output parameter for deciding the optimal levels of process parameters. The graphical analysis of the steepest ascent provides the optimal ranges of process parameters, i.e., 1818 to 2104 rpm for rotation speed, 42 to 63 mm min−1 for tool travel speed and 0.9 to 1.8° for tool tilt angle. Furthermore, microstructural and fractography analyses are also carried out to study the morphology and nature of joints. The microstructure shows the different welding zones such as the nugget zone, thermomechanical affected zone, and heat affected zone. The fractography analysis reveals the ductile nature of joint.
SYMBA: symbolic computation of squared amplitudes in high energy physics with machine learning
Authors: Alnuqaydan Abdulhakim , Gleyzer Sergei , Prosper Harrison 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The cross section is one of the most important physical quantities in high-energy physics and the most time consuming to compute. While machine learning has proven to be highly successful in numerical calculations in high-energy physics, analytical calculations using machine learning are still in their infancy. In this work, we use a sequence-to-sequence model, specifically, a transformer, to compute a key element of the cross section calculation, namely, the squared amplitude of an interaction. We show that a transformer model is able to predict correctly 97.6% and 99% of squared amplitudes of quantum chromodynamics and quantum electrodynamics processes, respectively, at a speed that is up to orders of magnitude faster than current symbolic computation frameworks. We discuss the performance of the current model, its limitations and possible future directions for this work.
Fast regression of the tritium breeding ratio in fusion reactors
Authors: Mánek P , Van Goffrier G , Gopakumar V , Nikolaou N , Shimwell J , Waldmann I 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The tritium breeding ratio (TBR) is an essential quantity for the design of modern and next-generation D-T fueled nuclear fusion reactors. Representing the ratio between tritium fuel generated in breeding blankets and fuel consumed during reactor runtime, the TBR depends on reactor geometry and material properties in a complex manner. In this work, we explored the training of surrogate models to produce a cheap but high-quality approximation for a Monte Carlo (MC) TBR model in use at the UK Atomic Energy Authority. We investigated possibilities for dimensional reduction of its feature space, reviewed 9 families of surrogate models for potential applicability, and performed hyperparameter optimization. Here we present the performance and scaling properties of these models, the fastest of which, an artificial neural network, demonstrated

R
2

=
0.985

and a mean prediction time of

0.898

μ

s

, representing a relative speedup of

8
×

10
6

with respect to the expensive MC model. We further present a novel adaptive sampling algorithm, Quality-Adaptive Surrogate Sampling, capable of interfacing with any of the individually studied surrogates. Our preliminary testing on a toy TBR theory has demonstrated the efficacy of this algorithm for accelerating the surrogate modelling process.