bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strahlentherapie oder Operation bei HPV-positiven Oropharynxkarzinomen? Die ORATOR2-Studie – ein Vergleich von Birnen und Äpfeln
Authors: Zech H. B. , Betz C. S. , Hoffmann T. K. , Klussmann J. P. , Deitmer T. , Guntinas-Lichius O. 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie ORATOR2-Studie war eine internationale, multizentrische, randomisierte Phase-II-Studie mit dem Ziel, das optimale Therapie-Deeskalationskonzept bei HPV-positiven Oropharynxkarzinomen im Frühstadium (T1–2, N0–2) zu erfassen. Die Patienten (n = 61) wurden entweder mittels transoraler Chirurgie und Neck Dissection behandelt oder mittels intensitätsmodulierter Strahlentherapie. Die Deeskalationskomponente beider Arme war eine Dosisreduktion der primären oder adjuvanten Strahlentherapie. Der primäre Endpunkt war das Gesamtüberleben. Dieses war im Bestrahlungsarm besser, was hauptsächlich durch 3 Todesfälle im Operationsarm bedingt war, hiervon 2 therapieassoziiert. Dies führte zum frühzeitigen Abbruch der Studie. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie/Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Onkologie warnt davor, die Studienergebnisse als mögliches Entscheidungskriterium für die Therapiewahl von HPV-positiven Oropharynxkarzinomen zu verwenden, angesichts der Schwächen der Studie insbesondere im Operationsarm (Sicherheitsabstand von 10 mm, streng empfohlene Nachresektion bei R1/knappen Resektionsrändern, keine freien/regionalen Transplantate zur Rekonstruktion, kaum Verwendung der Laserchirurgie, hohe Tracheotomierate). Kleine Patientenzahlen, eine sehr selektionierte Patientenkohorte und die kurze Nachbeobachtungszeit schränken die Aussagekraft der Studie weiter ein. Patienten mit HPV-assoziierten Oropharynxkarzinomen sollten aktuell keine deeskalierende (Strahlen-) Therapie außerhalb klinischer Studien erhalten. Bei der Entscheidung zwischen einem chirurgischen oder einem strahlentherapeutischen Vorgehen sollten Patienten nach interdisziplinärer Zustimmung eines Tumorboards über Vor- und Nachteile beider Modalitäten aufgeklärt werden, bis Ergebnisse klinisch relevanter Phase-III-Studien (bspw. EORTC 1420) vorliegen.
Dealkenylative Functionalizations: Conversion of Alkene C(sp3)–C(sp2) Bonds into C(sp3)–X Bonds via Redox-Based Radical Processes
Authors: Kwon Ohyun , Dehnert Brady W. , Dworkin Jeremy H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis review highlights the history and recent advances in dealkenylative functionalization. Through this deconstructive strategy, radical functionalizations occur under mild, robust conditions. The reactions described proceed with high efficiency, good stereoselectivity, tolerate many functional groups, and are completed within a matter of minutes. By cleaving the C(sp3)–C(sp2) bond of terpenes and terpenoid-derived precursors, rapid diversification of natural products is possible.1	Introduction2	Mechanism3	History4	Motivation to Pursue Dealkenylation5	Dealkenylation in the Present6	Conclusion
Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Fluorinated Cyclopentadienyl Ligands
Authors: Malischewski Moritz , Sievers Robin , Parche Joshua , Kub Nico G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of fluorinated substituents in cyclopentadienyl anions leads to distinct changes in the properties of the corresponding metal complexes, e.g., with regards to electrochemical properties or metal–ligand bonding energies. This review summarizes the synthetic challenges of the preparation and coordination of fluorinated cyclopentadienyl anions.1 Introduction2 Fluorinated Cyclopentadienyls3 Cyclopentadienyls with One CF3 Group4 Cyclopentadienyls with Four CF3 Groups5 Cyclopentadienyls with Five CF3 Groups6 Cyclopentadienyls with ‘Fluorous Ponytails’7 Cyclopentadienyls with C6F5 Groups8 Trends in Interaction Energies9 Conclusion
Delivering a Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism with Wisdom and Sensitivity
Authors: Saint-Hilaire Marie-Hélène , Thomas Cathi-Ann 
Published: March 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, complex movement disorder. In addition to the motor manifestations, changes in mood and cognition frequently occur. It is understandable that receiving this diagnosis can be difficult for patients and their significant others. For the clinician, delivering a PD diagnosis can be challenging and requires a comprehensive patient assessment followed by a thoughtful treatment plan. How this diagnosis is conveyed can have a long-term impact on patient outcomes such as treatment adherence, participation in decision making, understanding of PD, and satisfaction with care. Because a PD diagnosis is often complicated by uncertainty about the diagnosis itself as well as future prognosis, a sensitive patient-centered approach to care, balanced with realistic expectations, is recommended. Full disclosure, honesty, and empathy on the part of the entire healthcare team are required. This includes relevant information tailored to the patient's unique needs at the time of diagnosis as well as referrals to appropriate rehabilitation and support services. Consistent, timely follow-up of all interventions is essential. It is essential that a diagnosis of PD is properly delivered to optimize understanding of PD, treatment adherence, participation in decision making, and satisfaction with care. In this article, we provide guidance on delivery of this diagnosis based on a growing body of evidence and our >35-year collective clinical experience and work developing and utilizing pertinent, creative educational tools and comprehensive, sensitive support programs for newly diagnosed patients and their significant others. Although most of the evidence we present pertains to PD, our experience suggests it could also apply to other forms of Parkinsonism and other chronic or progressive movement disorders.
Evaluating Research for Development: Innovation to Navigate Complexity
Authors: Apgar Marina , Snijder Mieke , Higdon Grace Lyn , Szabo Sylvia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLarge publicly funded programmes of research continue to receive increased investment as interventions aiming to produce impact for the world’s poorest and most marginalized populations. At this intersection of research and development, research is expected to contribute to complex processes of societal change. Embracing a co-produced view of impact as emerging along uncertain causal pathways often without predefined outcomes calls for innovation in the use of complexity-aware approaches to evaluation. The papers in this special issue present rich experiences of authors working across sectors and geographies, employing methodological innovation and navigating power as they reconcile tensions. They illustrate the challenges with (i) evaluating performance to meet accountability demands while fostering learning for adaptation; (ii) evaluating prospective theories of change while capturing emergent change; (iii) evaluating internal relational dimensions while measuring external development outcomes; (iv) evaluating across scales: from measuring local level end impact to understanding contributions to systems level change. Taken as a whole, the issue illustrates how the research for development evaluation field is maturing through the experiences of a growing and diverse group of researchers and evaluators as they shift from using narrow accountability instruments to appreciating emergent causal pathways within research for development.
Precision Hall Effect magnetometer
Authors: Rokeakh A.I. , Artyomov M.Yu. 
Published: March 2023

The article presents a Hall effect magnetometer for use in a desktop Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectrometer with a permanent magnet system and scanning coils. High accuracy and long-term stability at a small size and low cost are achieved through the use of digital signal processing, sequential data filtering in the time and frequency domains, as well as digital correction of raw data based on calibration information. The exciting current of the Hall sensor has the form of an alternating-sign square wave formed by a high-speed H-bridge powered by a stable direct current. Generation of control signals, time selection of data, and their accumulation are performed using Xilinx Field-Programmable Gate Array Artix-7. MicroBlaze embedded 32-bit processor is used to control the magnetometer and interface with adjacent levels of the control system. Taking into account the individual characteristics of the sensor, including the offset voltage, the nonlinearity of the magnetic sensitivity, and their temperature dependences, is carried out by correcting the data obtained by calculating a polynomial depending on the raw magnitude of the field induction and the temperature of the sensor. The polynomial coefficients are individual for each sensor, are determined once during the calibration process, and are stored in the dedicated Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. The magnetometer has a high resolution of 0.1 µT and an absolute measurement error of not exceeding 6 µT.
Substantial thinning of melt-spun ribbons by an optimised and high-yield ball-milling process
Authors: Ye Liang , Das Rajasree , Wei Guannan , Lal Sumit Sukhbasi , Morris Michael , Baghbaderani Hasan Ahmadian , Sai Ranajit , McCloskey Paul 
Published: March 2023

Melt-spun Fe-based ribbons are widely used as the core of transformers and inductors due to their high flux density and low coercivity. However due to their high thickness (∼19 µm) these ribbons are prone to large eddy current losses at MHz frequencies. Despite low yield, ball milling has been widely used to break such ribbons down to thinner flakes to suppress the eddy current losses at high frequency. In this work, we demonstrated an optimized ball milling process with increased yield for flakes in the desired size range (2–4 µm). We have demonstrated that reducing pre milling annealing temperature from 450 to 350 °C increases the yield in desired size range from 2% to 5% and further increasing batch size from 10 to 20 g increases the yield to 21%. The coercivity of the milled flakes increases from 139 to 1352 A/m due to the ball milling process. A post-mill annealing at 350 °C in Ar atmosphere decreases the coercivity to 341 A/m. X-ray diffraction analysis showed no sign of crystallization during ball milling. The result presented here demonstrates an efficient approach to fabricate ultra-thin flakes out of soft magnetic ribbons for high-frequency applications.
FePt–BN granular HAMR media with high grain aspect ratio and high L1 ordering on corning LotusTM NXT glass
Authors: Varaprasad B. S. D. Ch. S. , Xu Chengchao , Huang Ming-Huang , Laughlin David E. , Zhu Jian-Gang 
Published: March 2023

Fabricating highly ordered tall L10–FePt with a small grain pitch distance on a commercially available glass substrate is crucial to realize heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) media for industrial manufacture. We have realized tall FePt grains surrounded by crystalized h–BN on Corning NXT™ glass deposited at elevated temperatures in the presence of radio frequency (RF) bias. In this paper, we discuss the effect of deposition temperature on the order parameter of L10–FePt–BN granular media. Well-isolated L10–FePt–BN granular media with a grain diameter of 6.5 nm and height of 11 nm is achieved. These films exhibit a high order parameter of 0.85 with a perpendicular coercivity of 35 kOe.
Optimization of wood machining parameters using artificial neural network in CNC router
Authors: Cakmak Ali , Malkocoglu Abdulkadir , Ozsahin Sukru 
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the optimal CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining conditions using an artificial neural network. For this purpose, Fagus orientalis, Castanea sativa, Pinus sylvestris, and Picea orientalis wood samples at 8%, 12%, and 15% moisture content (MC) were machined on a CNC router in both across and along the grain directions. Based on the experimental data of surface roughness and cutting power analyses, a total of 16 models were used. These were selected in hundreds of models that have the lowest error. The spindle speed, feed rate, and the number of cutter teeth were chosen to be different with the literature based on the length of cutter mark. As a result, optimum machining parameters were determined for each wood MC.
Partial discharge induced decomposition and by-products generation properties of HFO-1234ze(E)/CO2: a new eco-friendly gas insulating medium
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Yifan , Xiao Song , Li Zhen , Tang Nian , Zhou Yongyan , Li Li , Zhang Yifan , Tang Ju , Zhang Xiaoxing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
HFO-1234ze(E) is introduced as a new eco-friendly insulating gas for medium-voltage gas-insulated equipment (MV-GIE). However, there are few reports on the partial discharge (PD) induced decomposition and gaseous, solid by-product generation characteristics of HFO-1234ze(E)/CO2. Herein, the PD decomposition characteristics of HFO-1234ze(E)/CO2 were explored based on a needle-plate electrode that simulates the metal protrusion defect in MV-GIE. The partial discharge inception voltage, and phase-resolved partial discharge of HFO-1234ze(E)/CO2 under different mixing ratios, PD intensity and duration time at 0.15 MPa were obtained. Meanwhile, the PD-induced decomposition and generation of gaseous, solid by-products of HFO-1234ze(E)/CO2 were analyzed. A three-zone pattern that describes the gas–solid metal interface interaction was proposed for the first time. It is found that the increase of HFO-1234ze(E) content brings superior insulation performance, while the precipitation of gaseous (CF4, C2F6, CHF3, C3HF7) and solid by-products gradually aggravated. In order to avoid the negative impact of PD-induced decomposition on the insulation and service life of MV-GIE, the optimal HFO-1234ze(E) content of 30% is recommended. Based on the optimal mixing ratio (30% HFO-1234ze(E)/70% CO2), the effect of gas pressure and electrode materials on solid precipitation, breakdown voltage was also explored. This work guides the development of HFO-1234ze(E) based MV-GIE and understanding the solid by-products precipitation mechanism of eco-friendly insulating gas.
Analysis of the efficiency of MHD cycle supported by nanosecond pulsed discharge pre-ionization
Authors: Starikovskiy A Yu , Aleksandrov N L , Shneider M N 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A numerical analysis of plasma generation by a nanosecond pulsed discharge in a strong magnetic field was performed. A 2D model of the plasma formation and decay in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) channel has been elaborated. A comparison with experimental results demonstrates good agreement between calculated and measured plasma distribution in the channel. Preliminary analysis of the efficiency of the MHD-generator based on the nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge flow pre-ionization shows that the ratio of the power required to maintain ionization in the flow to the power extracted from the flow in MHD process is ∼3% for an ideal Faraday MHD generator with segmented electrodes with BY
∼ 5 T and supersonic flow speed uZ
∼ 1600 m s−1. Such a high energy efficiency of the generator allows us to consider this concept of the generator as promising for energy generation and flow control.
The interests behind directed doxastic wrongs
Authors: Dandelet Sophia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Very often, when a person’s doxastic activity is morally wrong “think of racist beliefs, unfounded suspicions, and unfair dismissals of testimony” it also wrongs someone in particular. This suggests that we have something at stake in how others reason about us. But what, exactly? According to a natural and fairly common view, whenever you have a doxastic duty towards someone in particular, this is partly because she has a personal interest in your having (or not having) a certain belief. I will argue that this cannot be right. This result is important for several reasons, not least of which is that it helps us get a better grip on what our directed doxastic duties are and what it takes to fulfill them.
Differences in heat tolerance, water use efficiency and growth among Douglas-fir families and varieties evidenced by GWAS and common garden studies
Authors: Compton Samuel , Stackpole Charles , Dixit Aalap , Sekhwal Manoj K , Kolb Thomas , De la Torre Amanda R 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSevere and frequent heat and drought events challenge the survival and development of long-generation trees. In this study, we investigated the genomic basis of heat tolerance, water use efficiency and growth by performing genome-wide association studies in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and intervarietal (menziesii × glauca) hybrid seedlings. GWAS results identified 32 candidate genes involved in primary and secondary metabolism, abiotic stress and signaling, among other functions. Water use efficiency (inferred from carbon isotope discrimination), photosynthetic capacity (inferred from %N), height and heat tolerance (inferred from electrolyte leakage in a heat stress experiment) were significantly different among Douglas-fir families and varieties. High-elevation seed sources had increased water use efficiency, which could be a result of higher photosynthetic capacity. Similarly, families with greater heat tolerance also had higher water use efficiency and slower growth, suggesting a conservative growth strategy. Intervarietal hybrids showed increased heat tolerance (lower electrolyte leakage at 50 and 55 °C) and higher water use efficiency compared with coastal families, suggesting that hybridization might be a source of pre-adapted alleles to warming climates and should be considered for large-scale reforestation projects under increasingly arid conditions.
AIMedGraph: a comprehensive multi-relational knowledge graph for precision medicine
Authors: Quan Xueping , Cai Weijing , Xi Chenghang , Wang Chunxiao , Yan Linghua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of high-throughput molecular testing techniques has enabled the large-scale exploration of the underlying molecular causes of diseases and the development of targeted treatment for specific genetic alterations. However, knowledge to interpret the impact of genetic variants on disease or treatment is distributed in different databases, scientific literature studies and clinical guidelines. AIMedGraph was designed to comprehensively collect and interrogate standardized information about genes, genetic alterations and their therapeutic and diagnostic relevance and build a multi-relational, evidence-based knowledge graph. Graph database Neo4j was used to represent precision medicine knowledge as nodes and edges in AIMedGraph. Entities in the current release include 30 340 diseases/phenotypes, 26 140 genes, 187 541 genetic variants, 2821 drugs, 15 125 clinical trials and 797 911 supporting literature studies. Edges in this release cover 621 731 drug interactions, 9279 drug susceptibility impacts, 6330 pharmacogenomics effects, 30 339 variant pathogenicity and 1485 drug adverse reactions. The knowledge graph technique enables hidden knowledge inference and provides insight into potential disease or drug molecular mechanisms.Database URL: http://aimedgraph.tongshugene.net:8201
Genetic Evidence for Causal Effects of Socioeconomic, Lifestyle, and Cardiometabolic Factors on Epigenetic-Age Acceleration
Authors: Kong Lijie , Ye Chaojie , Wang Yiying , Hou Tianzhichao , Zheng Jie , Zhao Zhiyun , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Lu Jieli , Chen Yuhong , Xu Min , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Bi Yufang , Wang Tiange 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
GrimAge acceleration (GrimAgeAccel) and PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) are DNA methylation-based markers of accelerated biological aging, standing out in predicting mortality and age-related cardiometabolic morbidities. Causal risk factors for GrimAgeAccel and PhenoAgeAccel are unclear. In this study, we performed 2-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate causal associations of 19 modifiable socioeconomic, lifestyle, and cardiometabolic factors with GrimAgeAccel and PhenoAgeAccel. Instrument variants representing 19 modifiable factors were extracted from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with up to 1 million Europeans. Summary statistics for GrimAgeAccel and PhenoAgeAccel were derived from a GWAS of 34 710 Europeans. We identified 12 and 8 factors causally associated with GrimAgeAccel and PhenoAgeAccel, respectively. Smoking was the strongest risk factor (β [standard error {SE}]: 1.299 [0.107] year) for GrimAgeAccel, followed by higher alcohol intake, higher waist circumference, daytime napping, higher body fat percentage, higher body mass index, higher C-reactive protein, higher triglycerides, childhood obesity, and type 2 diabetes; whereas education was the strongest protective factor (β [SE]: −1.143 [0.121] year), followed by household income. Furthermore, higher waist circumference (β [SE]: 0.850 [0.269] year) and education (β [SE]: −0.718 [0.151] year) were the leading causal risk and protective factors for PhenoAgeAccel, respectively. Sensitivity analyses strengthened the robustness of these causal associations. Multivariable MR analyses further demonstrated independent effects of the strongest risk and protective factors on GrimAgeAccel and PhenoAgeAccel, respectively. In conclusion, our findings provide novel quantitative evidence on modifiable causal risk factors for accelerated epigenetic aging, suggesting promising intervention targets against age-related morbidity and improving healthy longevity.
High-throughput analysis of anthocyanins in horticultural crops using probe electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (PESI/MS/MS)
Authors: Ishibashi Misaki , Zaitsu Kei , Yoshikawa Ikue , Otagaki Shungo , Matsumoto Shogo , Oikawa Akira , Shiratake Katsuhiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites exhibit various horticultural traits. Simple and rapid analysis methods for evaluating these metabolites are in demand in breeding and consumer markets dealing with horticultural crops. We applied probe electrospray ionization (PESI) to evaluate secondary metabolite levels in horticultural crops. PESI does not require pre-treatment and separation of samples, which makes it suitable for high-throughput analysis. In this study, we targeted anthocyanins, one of the primary pigments in horticultural crops. Eighty-one anthocyanins were detected in approximately 3 minutes in the selected reaction-monitoring mode. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) could adequately distinguish between the fragments of anthocyanins and flavonols. Probe sampling, an intuitive method of sticking a probe directly to the sample, could detect anthocyanins qualitatively on a micro-area scale, such as achenes and receptacles in strawberry fruit. Our results suggest that PESI/MS/MS can be a powerful tool to characterize the profile of anthocyanins and compare their content among cultivars.
A kinematic calibration of the O-rich Mira variable period–age relation fromGaia
Authors: Zhang Hanyuan , Sanders Jason L 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTEmpirical and theoretical studies have demonstrated that the periods of Mira variable stars are related to their ages. This, together with their brightness in the infrared, makes them powerful probes of the formation and evolution of highly-extincted or distant parts of the Local Group. Here we utilize the Gaia DR3 catalogue of long-period variable candidates to calibrate the period–age relation of the Mira variables. Dynamical models are fitted to the O-rich Mira variable population across the extended solar neighbourhood and then the resulting solar neighbourhood period–kinematic relations are compared to external calibrations of the age–kinematic relations to derive a Mira variable period–age relation of $\tau \approx (6.9\pm 0.3)\, \mathrm{Gyr}(1+\tanh ((330\, \mathrm{d}-P)/(400\pm 90)\mathrm{d})$. Our results compare well with previous calibrations using smaller data sets as well as the period–age properties of Local Group cluster members. This calibration opens the possibility of accurately characterizing the star formation and the impact of different evolutionary processes throughout the Local Group.