bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDG‐PET markers of heterogeneity and different risk of progression in amnestic MCI
Authors: Caminiti Silvia Paola , De Francesco Silvia , Tondo Giacomo , Galli Alice , Redolfi Alberto , Perani Daniela ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   the Interceptor Project
Published: July 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAmnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is emerging as a heterogeneous condition.METHODSWe looked at a cohort of N = 207 aMCI subjects, with baseline fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), T1 magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), apolipoprotein E (APOE), and neuropsychological assessment. An algorithm based on FDG‐PET hypometabolism classified each subject into subtypes, then compared biomarker measures and clinical progression.RESULTSThree subtypes emerged: hippocampal sparing–cortical hypometabolism, associated with younger age and the highest level of Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐CSF pathology; hippocampal/cortical hypometabolism, associated with a high percentage of APOE ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4 carriers; medial–temporal hypometabolism, characterized by older age, the lowest AD‐CSF pathology, the most severe hippocampal atrophy, and a benign course. Within the whole cohort, the severity of temporo‐parietal hypometabolism, correlated with AD‐CSF pathology and marked the rate of progression of cognitive decline.DISCUSSIONFDG‐PET can distinguish clinically comparable aMCI at single‐subject level with different risk of progression to AD dementia or stability. The obtained results can be useful for the optimization of pharmacological trials and automated‐classification models.Highlights
Algorithm based on FDG‐PET hypometabolism demonstrates distinct subtypes across aMCI;
Three different subtypes show heterogeneous biological profiles and risk of progression;
The cortical hypometabolism is associated with AD pathology and cognitive decline;
MTL hypometabolism is associated with the lowest conversion rate and CSF‐AD pathology.
Associations of the A/T/N profiles in PET, CSF, and plasma biomarkers with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology at autopsy
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Bo , Tan Lan , Gao Pei‐Yang , Ma Ya‐Hui , Fu Yan , Sun Yan , Yu Jin‐Tai ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTo examine the extent to which positron emission tomography (PET)‐, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)‐, and plasma‐related amyloid‐β/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) biomarkers are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology at autopsy.METHODSA total of 100 participants who respectively underwent antemortem biomarker measurements and postmortem neuropathology were included in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We examined the associations of PET‐, CSF‐, and plasma‐related A/T/N biomarkers in combinations or alone with AD neuropathological changes (ADNC).RESULTSPET‐ and CSF‐related A/T/N biomarkers in combination showed high concordance with the ADNC stage and alone showed high accuracy in discriminating autopsy‐confirmed AD. However, the plasma‐related A/T/N biomarkers alone showed better discriminative performance only when combined with apolipoprotein E (APO)E ε4 genotype.DISCUSSIONThis study supports that PET‐ and CSF‐related A/T/N profiles can be used to predict accurately the stages of AD neuropathology. For diagnostic settings, PET‐, CSF‐, and plasma‐related A/T/N biomarkers are all useful diagnostic tools to detect the presence of AD neuropathology.HIGHLIGHTS
PET‐ and CSF‐related A/T/N biomarkers in combination can accurately predict the specific stages of AD neuropathology.
PET‐ and CSF‐related A/T/N biomarkers alone may serve as a precise diagnostic tool for detecting AD neuropathology at autopsy.
Plasma‐related A/T/N biomarkers may need combined risk factors when used as a diagnostic tool.
Aβ PET and CSF p‐tau181/Aβ42 were most consistent with Aβ pathology, while tau PET and CSF p‐tau181/Aβ42 were most consistent with tau pathology.
A pre‐mold study of alkaline‐silane treated EFB‐PP composites based on thermal and rheological analysis
Authors: Abdullah Che Ibrahim , Abd Rahman Nor Mas Mira , Hassan Aziz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRheological and thermal properties are important parameters to understand the role of the numerous variables involved in manufacturing and to achieve a high‐quality final product. The composites were prepared by compounding polypropylene (PP) with treated (alkaline and silane) oil‐palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber using a twin screw extruder. Generally, regardless of fiber loading, the thermal stability of EFBPP composites was increased after using alkaline and silane‐treated EFB fibers as reinforcement. DSC analysis shows that there is a change in the melting temperature (Tm) and the degree of crystallinity (Xc) values of the EFB composites. The melt flow rate (MFR) of the composites decreased while viscosity increased with an increase in fiber loading. Rheological analysis reveals the composites to have a viscoelastic solid behavior where storage modulus (G') is greater than loss modulus (G“). The composites exhibit predominantly viscous behaviour (G" > G') at lower frequencies, whereas at higher frequencies the composites exhibit elastic behavior (G' > G”). The decrement of complex viscosity (η*) with an increasing angular frequency (ω) shows the materials exhibit shear thinning behavior. The composites also show the ability for regeneration when analyzed using time‐dependent behavior.
Understanding UK university academic staff attitudes towards recognising and responding to student radicalisation
Authors: Pearce Julia M. , Lindekilde Lasse , Parker David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigher education institutions in England, Scotland and Wales have an obligation under the 2015 Counter Terrorism and Security Act to protect students from being drawn into terrorism. This legislation has proved controversial, with concerns about the securitisation of education, as well as fears of over‐reporting which could stigmatise individuals or communities. Despite the significance of the Act to the education sector and concerns about the implications of compelling educators to report radicalisation concerns, there is limited empirical research exploring how teachers and academics have engaged with the policy. The evidence for higher education settings is particularly limited. This study employed a survey experiment with 1003 academics working in British universities to examine willingness and ability to recognise and respond to student radicalisation. Our data provides no evidence for over‐reporting. Rather, it suggests that academics teaching in British universities are uncertain about radicalisation risk and ambivalent about reporting concerns. Reporting ambivalence is driven by a lack of confidence about appropriate reporting thresholds, concerns about negative consequences of reporting and free speech values. Previous experience of dealing with a student of concern and Prevent training are associated with increased commitment to reporting concerns. The results suggest that Prevent training could be enhanced by targeting more experienced academics and tackling concerns about the tensions between the Prevent duty and freedom of speech policies and values. However, for this training to be effective it is essential that it is credible for an audience that is used to engaging with deep thinking on challenging issues.
Personalized facial makeup transfer based on outline correspondence
Authors: Gao Mengying , Wang Pengjie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMost existing makeup transfer techniques focus on light makeup styles, which limits the task of makeup transfer to color manipulation issues such as eye shadow and lip gloss. However, the makeup in real life is diverse and personalized, not only the most basic foundation, eye makeup, but also the painted patterns on the face, jewelry decoration and other personalized makeup. Inspired by the painting steps of drawing the outline first and then coloring, we propose a makeup transfer network for personalized makeup, which realizes face makeup transfer by learning outline correspondence. Specifically, we propose the outline feature extraction module and outline loss that can promote outline correspondence. Our network can not only transfer daily light makeup, but also complete transfer for complex facial painting patterns. Experiments show that our method can obtain visually more accurate makeup transfer results. Quantitative and qualitative experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper achieves superior results in extreme makeup transfer compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Stone removal in a 5‐year‐old child with extrahepatic biliary obstruction usingERCP: A case report and a mini‐review
Authors: Niknam Ramin , Mortazavi Seyede Maryam Mahdavi , Jahromi Mehdi Ghaderian , Davoodi Marzieh , Soheili Marzieh , Ataollahi Maryam , Moshfeghinia Reza 
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical MessageERCP is a safe and effective method for managing biliary obstruction in children. A case report illustrates successful removal of a bile duct stone in a 5‐year‐old child using ERCP. Pediatric ERCP is a viable option for treating biliary diseases in well‐equipped centers, alongside other approaches.AbstractWe describe a 5‐year‐old child with extrahepatic biliary stone who successfully underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for stone removal. He suffered from persistent colicky abdominal pain accompanied by fever that confirmed biliary stone. ERCP along with other methods, can be considered a safe procedure for managing BD in children.
An InOx Surface Enrichment on the Cu Nanoparticles for the Methanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Kong Deyong , Li Didi , Wang Zhen , Jin Shiqing , Qu Kai , Jiang Zhaocong , Lei Linfeng , Zhu Minghui , Xu Zhi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the realm of heterogeneous catalysts promoted by indium, indium often covers other active metals, thereby compromising catalytic activity. However, the inhibition mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the interaction between copper (Cu) and indium oxide (InOx), focusing on the role of the Cu−In interface during the methanol steam reforming (MSR) reaction. Utilizing a series of (quasi) in situ characterization techniques, we observe a decrease in intrinsic catalytic activity for MSR on the CuIn/Al2O3 catalyst, which can be attributed to the surface enrichment of InOx on Cu nanoparticles. Moreover, our findings reveal that the enrichment suppresses both the dehydrogenation of *CH3O and the dissociation of H2O, ultimately leading to a reduction in catalytic activity. This discovery has the potential to guide the rational design of enhanced indium‐based catalysts in the future.
Desilicated ZSM‐5 Catalysts: Properties and Ethanol to Aromatics (ETA) Performance
Authors: Dittmann Daniel , Kaya Elif , Dyballa Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerein, desilication in increasingly harsh conditions was used to introduce mesopores into two different industrial ZSM‐5 catalysts (Si/Al ratio 11 or 29). For desilicated samples, increasing BET surface areas, mesopore volumes, and Si(OH) densities were noted. Brønsted acid site (BAS) densities increased upon desilication, as formerly inaccessible BAS in blocked pores became available, while the strength of the BAS was maintained upon desilication. Using KOH instead of NaOH as desilication agent can increase the mesopore volume generated per mass loss. The correlations between desilication strength and properties were largely determined by the parent Si/Al ratio. In general the introduced mesopores increased lifetimes in the ETA conversion, while additional Si(OH) groups introduced by desilication reduce the lifetime again. The lifetime is thus determined by a complex interplay of BAS density, improved reactant transport by introduced mesopores and Si(OH) density. There were no additional aromatics formed in desilicated samples during the conversion of ethanol and the samples were, in terms of aromatic yield, outperformed by a microporous parent. However, as result of longer lifetimes less ethanol was lost due to coke formation. It is concluded that desilication should be combined with other post‐modifications to increase aromatic production and lifetime.
RAD51 as a biomarker for homologous recombination deficiency in high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma: robustness and interobserver variability of the RAD51 test
Authors: Kramer Claire JH , Llop‐Guevara Alba , Yaniz‐Galende Elisa , Pellegrino Benedetta , ter Haar Natalja T , Herencia‐Ropero Andrea , Campanini Nicoletta , Musolino Antonino , Bosse Tjalling , Leary Alexandra , Serra Violeta , Vreeswijk Maaike PG 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe RAD51 test is emerging as a promising biomarker for the assessment of functional homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Yet, the robustness and reproducibility of the immunofluorescence‐based RAD51 test, in different academic laboratories, have not been systematically investigated. Therefore, we tested the performance of the RAD51 assay in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) samples in four European laboratories. Here, we confirm that subtle differences in staining procedures result in low variability of RAD51 and γH2AX scores. However, substantial variability in RAD51 scoring was observed in some samples, likely due to complicating technical and biological features, such as high RAD51 signal‐to‐noise ratio and RAD51 heterogeneity. These results support the need to identify and perform additional quality control steps and/or automating image analysis. Altogether, resolving technical issues should be a priority, as identifying tumours with functional HRD is urgently needed to guide the individual treatment of HGSOC patients. Follow‐up studies are needed to define the key tissue quality requirements to assess HRD by RAD51 in FFPE tumour samples, as this test could help in guiding the individual treatment of HGSOC patients.
miR‐100 rs1834306 a > G polymorphism decreases neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children
Authors: Han Yufeng , Chang Jiaming , Lin Lei , Zhou Chunlei , Zhu Jinhong , Wu Haiyan , He Jing , Fu Wen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma is a common malignant tumor stemming from the sympathetic nervous system in children, which is often life‐threatening. The genetics of neuroblastoma remains unclear. Studies have shown that miRNAs participate in the regulation of a broad spectrum of biological pathways. The abnormity in the miRNA is associated with the risk of various cancers, including neuroblastoma. However, research on the relationship of miRNA polymorphisms with neuroblastoma susceptibility is still in the initial stage.MethodsIn this research, a retrospective case–control study was conducted to explore whether miR‐100 rs1834306 A > G polymorphism is associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility. We enrolled 402 cases and 473 controls for the study. The logistic regression analysis was adopted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between miR‐100 rs1834306 A > G and neuroblastoma risk.ResultsOur results elucidated that the miR‐100 rs1834306 A > G polymorphism was associated with the decreased risk of neuroblastoma (AG versus AA: adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.53–0.98, and P = 0.038). The subsequent stratified analysis further found that rs1834306 AG/GG genotype reduced the risk of neuroblastoma in the subgroup with tumors of the mediastinum origin (adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41–0.95, and P = 0.029).ConclusionsIn summary, miR‐100 rs1834306 A > G polymorphism was shown to associate with decreased neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children, especially for neuroblastoma of mediastinum origin. This conclusion needs to be verified in additional large‐size case–control studies.
Grazing intensity effects on sward responses of UF Riata Bahiagrass
Authors: Santos Erick R. S. , Dubeux José C. B. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Mackowiak Cheryl L. , Vela Garcia Carlos C. , Silva Gleise M. , Siqueira Michelle C. B. , Jaramillo David M. , van Cleef Flávia O. S. , Zagato Luana Q. S. D. , Abreu Daciele S. , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) is a rhizomatous, perennial, warm‐season forage widely grown in the southeastern United States "UF Riata" bahiagrass is more upright growing with greater herbage production when days are shorter compared with most other cultivars. Lesser daylength sensitivity extends the grazing season, but in combination with more upright growth may negatively affect persistence under grazing, especially if out‐of‐season herbage production interferes with normal reserve storage. This 3‐year study investigated above and belowground sward responses of UF Riata bahiagrass to three levels of post‐grazing herbage mass (HM) (500 [heavy grazing, HG], 1500 [moderate grazing], or 2500 [light grazing, LG] kg DM ha−1, where DM is dry matter) imposed by mob stocking every 14 days. Total herbage accumulation (HA) and HA rate were not affected by treatment. Crude protein (CP) was affected by treatment × grazing cycle × year, whereas in vitro digestible organic matter concentrations were affected by treatment × year and grazing cycle × year. Root–rhizome biomass (12,940–9230 kg OM ha−1, where OM is organic matter) and soil cover percentage (97%–93%) decreased linearly as grazing intensity increased from LG to HG. Proportion of non‐planted grasses was 34% and 17% in HG and LG swards, respectively. Proportion of non‐grass weeds increased across treatments from 2% to 22% over the years. Moderate grazing could maintain similar CP to HG, and similar root–rhizome biomass to LG. Thus, considering both sward persistence and forage nutritive value, a target post‐grazing HM of ≈1500 kg DM ha−1 is recommended when UF Riata pastures are grazed every 2 weeks.
Robust and Intimate Interface Enabled by Silicon Carbide as an Additive to Anodes for Lithium Metal Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Srivastava Pavitra , Liao Yu‐Kai , Iputera Kevin , Hu Shu‐Fen , Liu Ru‐Shi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGarnet‐type solid‐state electrolytes are among the most reassuring candidates for the development of solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMB) because of their wide electrochemical stability window and chemical feasibility with lithium. However, issues such as poor physical contact with Li metal tend to limit their practical applications. These problems were addressed using β‐SiC as an additive to the Li anode, resulting in improved wettability over Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 (LLZTO) and establishing an improved interfacial contact. At the Li–SiC|LLZTO interface, intimacy was induced by a lithiophilic Li4SiO4 phase, whereas robustness was attained through the hard SiC phase. The optimized Li–SiC|LLZTO|Li–SiC symmetric cell displayed a low interfacial impedance of 10 Ω cm2 and superior cycling stability at varying current densities up to 5800 h. Moreover, the modified interface could achieve a high critical current density of 4.6 mA cm−2 at room temperature and cycling stability of 1000 h at 3.5 mA cm−2. The use of mechanically superior materials such as SiC as additives for the preparation of a composite anode may serve as a new strategy for robust garnet‐based SSLMB.
Fabrication of Hematite Photoanode Consisting of (110)‐Oriented Single Crystals
Authors: Zhang Haipeng , He Yujie , Bao Xiaolei , Wang Zhaoqi , Jiang Weiyi , Zheng Liren , Fan Yuchen , Zheng Zhaoke , Cheng Hefeng , Wang Peng , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Zeyan , Huang Baibiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, α‐Fe2O3 photoanode consisted of (110)‐oriented α‐Fe2O3 single crystals were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. By using particular additive (C4MimBF4) and regulation of hydrothermal reaction time, the Fe‐25 consisted of a single‐layer of highly crystalline (110)‐oriented crystals with fewer grain boundaries, which was vertically grown on the substrate. As a result, the charge separation efficiency and photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of Fe‐25A (Fe‐25 after dehydration treatment) have been greatly improved. Fe‐25A yields a photocurrent of 1.34 mA cm−2 (1.23 V vs RHE) and an incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 31.95 % (380 nm). With the assistance of cobalt–phosphate water oxidation catalyst (Co−Pi), the PEC performance could be further improved by enhancing the holes transfer at electrode/electrolyte interface and inhibiting surface recombination. Fe‐25A/Co−Pi yields a photocurrent of 2.67 mA cm−2 (1.23 V vs RHE) and IPCE value of 50.8 % (380 nm), which is 3.67 times and 2.39 times as that of Fe‐2A/Co−Pi. Our work provides a simple method to fabricate highly efficient Fe2O3 photoanodes consist of characteristic (110)‐oriented single crystals with high crystallinity and high quality interface contact to enhance charge separation efficiencies.
Current and transconductance mode full/half‐wave rectifiers realized with only one active block
Authors: Petrović Predrag B. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThis research paper introduces a novel active building block for full/half‐wave (inverse) rectifier circuits, eliminating the need for passive elements. The paper presents two alternative implementations: a current mode approach utilizing MO‐CFTA (multiple output current follower transconductance amplifier) and a transconductance mode approach utilizing MO‐VDTA (multiple output voltage differencing transconductance amplifier). Both circuit configurations exhibit favorable zero‐crossing characteristics and exceptional linearity. The transconductance mode rectifier enables electronic control of the output current signal by adjusting the applied bias currents. The circuits are designed with simplicity and compactness in mind, making them highly suitable for integration into IC circuits. The analysis investigates the impact of non‐idealities and parasitic effects, although the absence of passive elements results in minimal parasitic effects. Simulation results conducted using 0.18‐μm CMOS technology and a ±0.9‐V supply voltage align closely with the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations and corner analysis are employed to evaluate the circuit's robustness. To validate the feasibility of the proposed solution, experimental tests are performed using commercially available components. The designs are implemented on Cadence Virtuoso, and post‐layout measurements are conducted to further verify the proposed solutions.
Simple predictive torque control of an open‐end winding interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive without weighting factor for electric vehicle applications
Authors: Bharath Kumar Kasoju , Praveen Kumar Kunisetti V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPermanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives are effectively used in the application of electric vehicles (EVs) due to their ease of construction and simpler in operation. Model predictive control (MPC) is an efficient control strategy used in motion control applications. Predictive torque control (PTC) is a type of MPC that selects a suitable voltage vector (VV) from a set of 19 VVs in order to minimize the cost function. However, as the control variables in the cost function in PTC are distinct, a weighting factor is essential. The tuning of the weighting factor is a burdensome control process. To address the limitations, the proposed PTC (P‐PTC) removes the weighting factor by using two cost functions, thus reducing flux ripples and torque ripples. Firstly, the P‐PTC evaluates the torque cost function for 19 VVs, and the VV that gives less value of torque error is used to find the sector number. The sector number is used to choose the five VVs from that sector and evaluate flux cost function to get an optimal VV. Therefore, the P‐PTC give less ripples in torque and flux by enhancing steady‐state response. The effectiveness of the P‐PTC is validated through both simulation and experimentation for a 3.7 kW OEW‐IPMSM drive using d‐SPACE RTI1104 controller. The P‐PTC is also tested with a typical urban dynamometer drive cycle (UDDC) with rapid accelerations and decelerations to ensure its application in EVs using the OPAL RT 1250 controller.