bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Not in it for huge profits but because it’s right’: The contested moral economies of UK–India exports in health worker education and training
Authors: Merz Sibille , Hunter Benjamin , Bisht Ramila , Murray Susan Fairley 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile the growth of global markets in health‐related services may have significant consequences for healthcare provisioning and training, it has received relatively little attention from the social sciences. This article examines UK–India, and specifically England–India, exports in health worker education and training as one such global market, drawing on sociological scholarship on moral economies to understand how trading in this field is constructed and legitimated by the individuals and organisations involved, what tensions evolve, and what is at stake in them. We employ a qualitative mixed methods approach using publicly available materials on existing UK–India collaborations and primary data from interviews with key stakeholders in India and the UK, including government departments, arms‐length bodies, NHS Trusts, trade associations and private providers. Our analysis illustrates the key discursive strategies used to legitimate engagement in these markets, and the complex and contested moral economies unfolding between and across these stakeholders and contexts. Not least, we demonstrate the conflicting moral sentiments and the boundary work required to realise commodification. Situating cross‐border trade in health worker education and training in a moral economy framework thus illuminates the social context and moral worlds in which this evolving trade is embedded.
Social capital and flourishing of left‐behind children in rural China: How basic psychological needs mediate?
Authors: Guo Sijia , Zhang Liwei , Lu Heng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFlourishing, as an integrated conceptualization, is a specific perspective of well‐being which focuses on one's emotional status and psychosocial functioning. As flourishing is a vital determinant for the development of adolescents, this study aims to better understand extent and quality of the flourishing of left‐behind children in rural China from a strength‐based orientation rather than the traditional deficit approach. In line with an ecological system perspective, one's flourishing is intertwined with microfactors and macrofactors. Herein, this study combines social capital theory and self‐determination theory to construct an integrative framework to explore how two specific microfactors and macrofactors influence the flourishing of left‐behind children. Altogether, 995 Chinese rural adolescent respondents (57.2% [N = 573] male and 52.3% [N = 520] LBC, Mage = 12.56 years) filled out a self‐report questionnaire that included the Social Capital Scale, Basic Psychological Needs Scale and Flourishing Scale. This study performed bivariate correlation analysis, regression analysis and mediation effect analysis through SPSS 26 and PROCESS 3.2 macro. Results indicate that (1) left‐behind children with more social capital experience higher levels of flourishing and (2) basic psychological needs have an indirect effect on the relationship between social capital and flourishing. The findings underscore the importance of constructing a synthetic framework to support the flourishing left‐behind children. They also indicate that the social networks and social resources for left‐behind children be expanded. Finally, results suggest that more attention should be given to fostering left‐behind children's innate growth through fulfilling their basic psychological needs.
Amantadine in unvaccinated patients with early, mild to moderate COVID‐19: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial
Authors: Rejdak Konrad , Fiedor Piotr , Bonek Robert , Łukasiak Jacek , Chełstowski Waldemar , Kiciak Sławomir , Dąbrowski Piotr , Gala‐Błądzińska Agnieszka , Dec Mateusz , Papuć Ewa , Zasybska Adriana , Kaczor Marcin , Grieb Paweł ,   COV‐PREVENT Study Group
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeAdamantanes were listed as an interesting option as an early intervention against COVID‐19. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of amantadine in preventing the progression of COVID‐19 and its neurological sequelae.MethodsUnvaccinated patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection within 5 days were enrolled. Subjects were randomized (50:50) to amantadine (AMD; 100 mg twice daily) or placebo (PLB) for 14 days. The Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement of the World Health Organization (OSCI‐WHO) was the primary measure. Secondary endpoints included assessment for fatigue; depression, disorders of smell and taste, and sleepiness on Days 1 and 15.ResultsWe enrolled 99 patients (49 AMD and 50 PLB). Disease progression (OSCI‐WHO = 4) was observed in 6% (AMD) and 8% (PLB) patients (p > 0.05) with further deterioration (OSCI‐WHO〉4) in 0% (AMD) and 8% (PLB) patients (p > 0.05). Complete recovery on Day 15 was 60% higher in the AMD compared with the PLB group (p = 0.025). There was improvement in taste (AMD: p = 0.003; PLB: p = 0.0001) and smell (AMD: p = 0.005; PLB: p = 0.0004) but not in fatigue in both groups. Improvement was observed in the AMD (p = 0.010) but not in the PLB group (p = 0.058) when assessing depression as well as sleepiness (AMD: p = 0.0002; PLB: p = 0.341). There was one death in the PLB group (2.0%) and none in the AMD group (p > 0.05) until Day 210. Overall, the drug was well tolerated.ConclusionThe central effects of amantadine on the nervous system with reduction of sleepiness and depression might have had a supportive effect on faster recovery in early COVID‐19 patients.
BÜCHNER, BORDERS AND THE CONVERGING OF ‘CROWDS’: JACK THORNE'S WOYZECK (2017)
Authors: Prestwich Joseph 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTAs an important site of cross‐cultural exchange, theatre translations performed in Britain form key routes for international writers to be introduced to, and to influence, British audiences and theatre‐makers. This article introduces Jack Thorne's 2017 adaptation of Woyzeck by Georg Büchner, performed at the Old Vic Theatre in London, as a case study to trace how British theatre practitioners and institutions frame and utilise German texts and playwrights to construct an image of German (theatrical) culture in Britain. I will focus on institutional practice in the first instance, tracing how the Old Vic Theatre framed this production as appealing to two different ‘crowds’ and how Woyzeck relates to the Old Vic's stated institutional aims. This will be combined with performance and textual analysis that draws out the ways in which the production thematises borders and cultural difference. While theatre in translation can be seen as a bridge between different national cultures, I ultimately argue that this Woyzeck adaptation highlights, and indeed propagates, divisions between British and German (theatrical) cultures.
Real‐world safety and effectiveness of recombinant porcine sequence factor VIII in acquired haemophilia A: A non‐interventional, post‐authorization safety study
Authors: Tarantino Michael D. , Hardesty Brandon , Metjian Ara , Ortel Thomas L. , Chen Jie , Badejo Kayode , Ma Alice , Cuker Adam , Rajasekhar Anita , Friedman Kenneth D. , Janbain Maissaa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionRecombinant porcine factor VIII (rpFVIII, susoctocog alfa) is indicated for the treatment of bleeding episodes in adults with acquired haemophilia A (AHA).AimTo provide long‐term real‐world safety and effectiveness data for rpFVIII in the management of AHA bleeding episodes.MethodsUS PASS (NCT02610127) was a multicentre, uncontrolled, open‐label, post‐marketing safety surveillance study conducted in adults with AHA. Data were collected retrospectively or prospectively for 180 days after rpFVIII treatment. The primary outcome was the incidence of treatment‐related serious adverse events (SAEs). Secondary outcomes included haemostatic effectiveness of rpFVIII and rpFVIII utilization.ResultsFifty‐three patients were enrolled from December 2015 to June 2019 (prospective, n = 30; retrospective, n = 23). Six patients experienced seven treatment‐related SAEs (incidence 12.0%). The most common treatment‐related SAE was FVIII inhibition (inhibiting antibodies to rpFVIII; incidence 8.0%, 95% CI: 2.2–19.2). Five patients reported seven thromboembolic events; one was an SAE and possibly related to rpFVIII. Of bleeding events treated with rpFVIII, 80.3% (57/71) of bleeds resolved with rpFVIII. The median (range) dose of rpFVIII per infusion was 50 (10–300) units/kg, with a median (range) of 6.0 (1–140) infusions and a median (range) time from bleed onset to bleed resolution of 14.0 (2.0–132.7) days.ConclusionIn this real‐world study of rpFVIII for AHA, no new safety signals were identified compared with previous clinical trial findings. Eighty percent of bleeds resolved with rpFVIII treatment.
Single‐grain‐based widely targeted metabolomics profiling of sixty‐four accessions of Japanese wild soybean (Glycin soja Sieb. Et Zucc.)
Authors: Nguyen Kieu‐Oanh Thi , Do Thi‐Nhung , Dang Khanh‐Phuong , Sato Muneo , Hirai Masami Yokota 
Published: August 2023

SummarySoybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is a major crop worldwide, providing essential dietary proteins and edible oils for agriculture, food, animal feed and biofuel industries. However, its limited genetic variation makes it vulnerable to harsh environmental conditions, and its chemical diversity was strongly reduced after long domestication. Wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.), the ancestor of the G. max, possesses a high level of genetic diversity and thus present a precious reservoir for improving cultivated soybean. Characterising metabolomes of different G. soja accessions is crucial in exploring metabolite accumulation patterns for developing metabolic breeding strategies. This study successfully revealed the metabolomes of sixty‐four seed lines of G. soja collected throughout Japan by a widely targeted metabolomics approach, therefore, providing a good source of information for further studies to induce the production of bioactive compounds and the defence mechanism to stress.
Factors associated with bleeding complications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to intensive care units: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Imai Dan , Ushigome Emi , Hamaguchi Masahide , Hashimoto Satoru , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetes is a major risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) severity. We aimed to retrospectively investigate the rates of patients with no diabetes, untreated diabetes, treated diabetes, COVID‐19‐related diabetes and the factors associated with bleeding complications in a cohort of patients with severe COVID‐19.Materials and MethodsThis was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Participants were COVID‐19 patients enrolled in the Cross‐sectional ICU Information Search System (CRISIS) from February 2020 to March 2022. Patients were classified into four groups according to diabetes status and treatment status. Hemorrhagic complications were defined as bleeding requiring transfusion of four or more red blood cell units, a drop of hemoglobin of ≥2 g in 24 h and retroperitoneal, airway or intracranial bleeding. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine factors associated with bleeding complications.ResultsA total of 1,076 patients were included in the analysis. The rates of patients in the no diabetes, untreated diabetes, treated diabetes and COVID‐19‐related diabetes groups were 17.4, 23.0, 23.9 and 35.7%, respectively. Bleeding complications were observed in 7.5% of all patients. Glycated hemoglobin level and renal failure were significantly correlated with bleeding complications (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.33 and 2.77, 95% confidence interval 1.16–6.63, respectively). Patients with diabetes, including those with COVID‐19‐related diabetes, accounted for approximately 83% of all cases.ConclusionsIn patients with severe COVID‐19 with high glycated hemoglobin and renal failure, we recommend additional attention to the course of COVID‐19, given the risk of bleeding complications.
Fasting increases circulating angiotensin levels and brain Agtr1a expression in male rats
Authors: Paes‐Leme Bruno , Monteiro Lívia da Rocha Natalino , Gholami Khadijeh , Hoe See Ziau , Ferguson Alastair Victor , Murphy David , Antunes‐Rodrigues José , Rorato Rodrigo , Reis Luis Carlos , Mecawi André Souza 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn addition to being recognised for involvement in cardiovascular control and hydromineral balance, the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) has also been associated with the neuroendocrine control of energy balance. One of the main brain sites for angiotensin II (ANG II)/type 1 receptor (AT1R) signalling is the subfornical organ (SFO), a circumventricular organ related to the control of autonomic functions, motivated behaviours and energy metabolism. Thus, we hypothesised that circulating ANG II may act on the SFO AT1R receptors to integrate metabolic and hydromineral balance. We evaluated whether food deprivation can modulate systemic RAS activity and Agrt1a brain expression, and if ANG II/AT1R signalling influences the hypothalamic expression of mRNAs encoding neuropeptides and food and water ingestion in fed and fasted Wistar rats. We found a significant increase in both ANG I and ANG II plasma levels after 24 and 48 h of fasting. Expression of Agrt1a mRNA in the SFO and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) also increased after food deprivation for 48 h. Treatment of fasted rats with low doses of losartan in drinking water attenuated the decrease in glycemia and meal‐associated water intake without changing the expression in PVN or arcuate nucleus of mRNAs encoding selected neuropeptides related to energy homeostasis control. These findings point to a possible role of peripheral ANG II/SFO‐AT1R signalling in the control of refeeding‐induced thirst. On the other hand, intracerebroventricular losartan treatment decreased food and water intake over dark time in fed but not in fasted rats.
Should credit card rewards be taxed?
Authors: Shy Oz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRewards that consumers receive on credit card payments influence their payment choice. They are not taxed but merchants deduct card fees from their taxes. This article analyzes the tax effects in a model where card companies set interchange fees, merchants decide whether to accept card payments, and consumers choose their preferred payment method. I find that card companies raise interchange fees when merchants are allowed to deduct these fees from their taxes. Taxing consumers' card rewards reduces interchange fees. The optimal distribution of cash and card payments cannot be supported without a policy combination of taxes and regulated interchange fees.
Neuromodulators and neuroepigenetics of social behavior in ants
Authors: Sorek Matan , Berger Shelley L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEusocial insects exemplify a remarkable system of division of labor within the same colony. This behavioral range, which is sometimes accompanied by morphological or physiological differences, provides an opportunity to study the relationship between complex behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms. This is especially true in ants because certain genera have an elaborate caste system and can dramatically change their stereotypical behavior over their lifetime. Recent studies experimentally alter ant behavior over short times, thus opening the study of underlying plasticity pathways. The molecular underpinnings of these behaviors are neuromodulators as well as the regulation of chromatin. Here, we concisely review the current understanding of the relationship between neuromodulators, epigenetics, and social behavior in ants. We discuss future directions in light of experimental limitations of the ant system.
The effect of a nurse‐led home visit program on the care burden of caregivers of adults with asthma: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Şanlıtürk Döndü , Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the effect of a home visit program on the perceived care burden of family caregivers of adults with asthma.DesignA single‐blind randomized controlled trial.SampleThe study was conducted with 30 participants in both the intervention and control groups.MeasurementsCare burden was measured via the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale during the first interview at the pulmonology outpatient clinic and after the last home visit.InterventionA nurse‐led home visit program with five visits over three months included education and health counseling with the intervention group. Control group received standard education given in the outpatient clinic.ResultsThe mean Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale scores of the intervention group in the post‐test were significantly lower than the control group.ConclusionsThe current study revealed that the nurse‐led home visit program, including education and health counseling, was effective in reducing the care burden for family caregivers of adults with asthma. Nurses can play an active role in preventing the negative effects of caregivers’ burden of care, protecting their sense of control, and improving their health. Home visits integrated into the health care system could be effective in reducing the care burden of family members.
Effect of Upstream Leakage Flow on Film Cooling Characteristic of a Turbine Convex Endwall
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Cunliang , Niu Xiying , Xu Weijiang , Zhang Li , Liu Xuyang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of upstream leakage coolant flow on the film cooling performance of the convex endwall. The experiment is conducted in an annular passage with four vanes, and the endwall film cooling effectiveness distribution is measured by the pressure-sensitive paint technique. The near-wall flow field distribution predicted by computational fluid dynamics is employed to gain a deeper understanding of the influence of the passage secondary flow on the film cooling characteristic of the endwall. Furthermore, the effect of mass flow ratios (MFR = 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%, and 1.5%), leakage slot inclination angles (α = 30 deg, 45 deg, and 60 deg), density ratios (DR = 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0), as well as Reynolds number (Re = 2.0 × 105, 3.0 × 105, and 4.0 × 105) on the endwall film cooling is also investigated. Results indicate that the mass flow ratio has a great influence on the endwall film cooling effectiveness distribution, and a larger uncooled region can be observed when MFR is less than 1.25% due to the cooling air more easily being entrained by the secondary flow near the endwall. Reducing the inclination angle of the leakage slot enhances the axial velocity component of the coolant flow, thereby weakening the secondary flow near the endwall and improving the film cooling effectiveness distribution of the endwall. As the density ratio increases, the jet momentum of the leakage flow is reduced, particularly for higher MFR cases, which results in a significant reduction in the film cooling performance of the endwall. Besides, thinning the incoming boundary layer of the passage reduces the strength and size of the secondary flow in the passage and improves the endwall adiabatic effectiveness distribution when the Reynolds number is increased.
Structural Stress Intensity Analysis of Hybrid Heat Exchangers Based on Thermal Hydraulic Performance in S-CO2 Power Cycle
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Sun Yuwei , Lu Mingjian , Yan Xinping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hybrid heat exchangers (H2Xs) can be used for heat exchange equipment between high-temperature exhaust gas from ships and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) from the S-CO2 power cycle. We investigate structural stress intensity characteristics of the H2Xs based on thermal-hydraulic performance. Air and S-CO2 are employed as the working fluids and the Stainless Steel 316 (SS316) as the solid substrate. The thermal-hydraulic performance and structural stress intensity characteristics of the H2Xs are conducted by Ansys Fluent and Mechanical, respectively. The results show the mechanical stress induced by pressure loading and the thermal stress induced by temperature gradient are found to be equally important sources of stress intensity. At the inlet and outlet of the H2Xs, the total stress intensity along all paths is not smooth and continuous, and there will be a significant change due to the change in the temperature gradient. The mechanical stress caused by the fluid pressure loss is almost negligible. The change in inlet mass flowrate and temperature mainly affects the stress intensity distribution of the left and right walls on the fin channel. The pressure variation of the diesel engine has little effect on the total stress intensity. Importantly, the total stress intensity of the H2X is mainly affected by the change in S-CO2 fluid pressure.
Greek Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Quick Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Questionnaire
Authors: Koumantakis George A. , Galazoulas Anastasios , Stefanakis Marios , Paraskevopoulos Eleftherios , Gioftsos George , Papandreou Maria 
Published: August 2023

Context: An easy-to-administer, function-based questionnaire to assess patients with various foot problems was required for a Greek-speaking population. This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Quick Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (Quick-FAAM) into Greek and evaluate its reliability and validity. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Established international guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaires were followed. The face and content validity of the Greek version of the Quick-FAAM (Quick-FAAM-GR), as well as the internal consistency and test–retest reliability upon repeated administration after 5 days, were examined. In addition, the construct validity of the scale was examined via exploratory factor analysis as well as by testing for associations with the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index, the 12-item Short-Form Survey (version 2), and a functional balance assessment test—the Y-Balance Test. Results: Sixty participants (18 women) with self-reported chronic ankle instability symptoms, with a median (interquartile range) age of 27 (7.7) years, participated in the study. Half of the participants were included in the test–retest reliability study. The Quick-FAAM-GR demonstrated face and content validity. Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α = .961) and intrarater test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC[2,1] = .93) were demonstrated, with a comparable error margin to the original version (standard error of the measurement = 2.1, 95% minimum detectable change = 5.9). Associations of the Quick-FAAM-GR scores to other questionnaires ranged from weak to strong (Spearman rho), all being statistically significant (Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index from −.26, P = .04, to −.67, P < .001, and 12-item Short-Form Survey, version 2, between .41 and .72, P < .001), and to the Y-Balance Test between lower-limb differences (−.35 to −.58, P < .001). The exploratory factor analysis confirmed the single-factor structure of this scale. No floor/ceiling effects were observed. Conclusions: The Greek Quick-FAAM has proven to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating chronic ankle instability and can be used for clinical and research purposes in Greek-speaking individuals.