bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of school-based physical activity interventions on physical fitness and cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents with disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Manojlovic Marko , Roklicer Roberto , Trivic Tatjana , Milic Rade , Maksimović Nemanja , Tabakov Roman , Sekulic Damir , Bianco Antonino , Drid Patrik 
Published: June 2023

Background: This study aimed to examine the influence of school-based physical exercise programs on physical fitness and cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents with disabilities.Methods: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were thoroughly searched to identify relevant investigations. To be included in the systematic review, studies needed to fulfill the following inclusion criteria: 1) performed school-based physical exercise interventions; 2) parameters evaluated referred to health-related physical fitness (HRPF), skill-related physical fitness (SRPF), and cardiometabolic health; 3) a sample of participants consisted of children and adolescents with disabilities; 4) the mean age of respondents was less than 18 years; and 5) were written in the English language.Results: After searching the databases, a total of 474 studies have been identified, 18 of them met the eligibility criteria, and their outcomes were presented. Relating to the respondents’ characteristics, the investigations involved 681 children and adolescents with disabilities, out of which 440 were male and 241 female. Regarding types of physical exercise interventions, the most commonly implemented were combined aerobic and resistance training, aerobic exercise, sports games, adapted high-intensity interval training, as well as sprint interval training. The obtained results unambiguously demonstrated that applied exercise interventions improved HRPF components such as cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and flexibility. In terms of the SRPF, agility, balance, coordination, and power were considerably enhanced following the school-based exercise. On the other hand, the influence on indices of body composition and cardiometabolic health is quite controversial. The majority of the available studies did not find favorable effects. Additionally, no adverse events were reported in 7 of 8 research, and adherence to exercise was approximately 92%.Conclusion: School-based physical exercise programs were very efficient in improving HRPF and SRPF in children and adolescents with disabilities, while the evidence concerning the variables of body composition and cardiometabolic health is inconclusive and warrants further investigations.
Inflammatory mediators act at renal pericytes to elicit contraction of vasa recta and reduce pericyte density along the kidney medullary vascular network
Authors: Lilley Rebecca J. , Taylor Kirsti D. , Wildman Scott S. P. , Peppiatt-Wildman Claire M. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Regardless of initiating cause, renal injury promotes a potent pro-inflammatory environment in the outer medulla and a concomitant sustained decrease in medullary blood flow (MBF). This decline in MBF is believed to be one of the critical events in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI), yet the precise cellular mechanism underlying this are still to be fully elucidated. MBF is regulated by contractile pericyte cells that reside on the descending vasa recta (DVR) capillaries, which are the primary source of blood flow to the medulla.Methods: Using the rat and murine live kidney slice models, we investigated the acute effects of key medullary inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-33, IL-18, C3a and C5a on vasa recta pericytes, the effect of AT1-R blocker Losartan on pro-inflammatory mediator activity at vasa recta pericytes, and the effect of 4-hour sustained exposure on immunolabelled NG2+ pericytes.Results and discussion: Exposure of rat and mouse kidney slices to TNF-α, IL-18, IL-33, and C5a demonstrated a real-time pericyte-mediated constriction of DVR. When pro-inflammatory mediators were applied in the presence of Losartan the inflammatory mediator-mediated constriction that had previously been observed was significantly attenuated. When live kidney slices were exposed to inflammatory mediators for 4-h, we noted a significant reduction in the number of NG2+ positive pericytes along vasa recta capillaries in both rat and murine kidney slices. Data collected in this study demonstrate that inflammatory mediators can dysregulate pericytes to constrict DVR diameter and reduce the density of pericytes along vasa recta vessels, further diminishing the regulatory capacity of the capillary network. We postulate that preliminary findings here suggest pericytes play a role in AKI.
Stable isotopic analysis of water utilization characteristics of four xerophytic shrubs in the Hobq Desert, Northern China
Authors: Yongsheng Wu , Zilong Liao , Xiangqian Yu , Qiang Yin , Hui Wang , Li Gao 
Published: June 2023

Quantitative identification of water utilization characteristics of xerophytic shrubs is an important prerequisite for the selection and optimization of a regional artificial sand-fixing vegetation system. In this study, a hydrogen (δD) stable isotope technique was used to study the changes in water use characteristics of four typical xerophytic shrubs, Caragana korshinskii, Salix psammophila, Artemisia ordosica, and Sabina vulgaris in the Hobq Desert under light (4.8 mm after 1 and 5 days) and heavy (22.4 mm after 1 and 8 days) rainfall events. Under light rainfall, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila primarily used the 80–140 cm layer of soil water (37–70%) and groundwater (13–29%), and the water use characteristics did not change significantly after the light rainfall event. However, the utilization ratio of A. ordosica to soil water in the 0–40 cm layer increased from less than 10% on the first day after rain to more than 97% on the fifth day after rain, whereas the utilization ratio of S. vulgaris to soil water in the 0–40 cm layer also increased from 43% to nearly 60%. Under heavy rainfall, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila still used the 60–140 cm layer (56–99%) and groundwater (~15%), while the main water utilization depth of A. ordosica and S. vulgaris expanded to 0–100 cm. Based on the above results, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila primarily use the soil moisture of the 80–140 cm layer and groundwater, while A. ordosica and S. vulgaris use the soil moisture of the 0–100 cm layer. Therefore, the co-existence of A. ordosica and S. vulgaris will increase the competition between artificial sand-fixing plants, while the combination of the two plants with C. korshinskii and S. psammophila will avoid competition between artificial sand-fixing plants to some extent. This study provides important guidance for regional vegetation construction and sustainable management of an artificial vegetation system.
Neural basis of the attention bias during addiction stroop task in methamphetamine-dependent patients with and without a history of psychosis: an ERP study
Authors: Huang Gengdi , Han Chuanliang , Yang Jihui , Ye Caihong , Javed Iqbal , Liu Fen , Kong Zhi , Li Ying , Zhu Yingmei , Yi Guangyong , Ju Chuanjia , Jia Xiaojian , Yang Mei 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAttentional bias plays an important role in sustaining various types of drug addiction. No prior studies examined methamphetamine (MA)-associated psychosis (MAP) relationships between ERP time course and performance on an addiction Stroop task in MA abusers. The aim of the present study was to determine whether MA abusers with (MAP+) or without (MAP-) psychosis exhibit alterations of the ERP during the addiction Stroop task.MethodsThirty-one healthy controls (CTRL), 14 MAP-, and 24 MAP+ participants were recruited and completed the addiction Stroop task during EEG recording using 32 electrodes. Group variations were compared on measures of behavioral task performance and event-related potentials (ERP) of performance monitoring (N200, P300, N450). The Barratt impulsiveness scores were analyzed to investigate correlations with ERP changes.ResultsMA-related word stimulus elicited a more negative N200 amplitude over left-anterior electrodes in MAP- abusers; furthermore, a positive association between the N200 amplitude and Barratt attentional scores and non-planning scores was observed, while no such differences were found in MAP+ abusers. There were no significant differences in reaction time (RT) and error rate between each group.ConclusionThis is the first study to examine psychosis relationships between ERP time course and performance on an addiction Stroop task in MA abusers with or without psychosis. These findings support the association between attentional bias measured by the MA addiction Stroop task and N200 component as well as indicate the possibility of using this cognitive task in combination with ERP technology to detect psychosis factors among abstinent MA abusers.
Predictors of prospective suicide attempts in a group at risk of personality disorder following self-poisoning
Authors: Cailhol Lionel , Marcoux Mariève , Mathur Anjali , Yrondi Antoine , Birmes Philippe 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundPatients with personality disorder (PD) are at risk for suicidal behavior and are frequently admitted for this reason to emergency departments. In this context, researchers have tried to identify predictors of their suicidal acts, however, the studies have been mostly retrospective, and uncertainty remains. To prospectively explore factors associated with suicide attempts (SA) in individuals screened for PD from the ecological context of emergencies.MethodsPatients were recruited from two emergency departments after a self-poisoning episode (n = 310). PDQ-4+ (risk of PD), TAS-20 (alexithymia), SIS (suicidal intent), H (hopelessness), BDI-13 (depression), AUDIT (alcohol consumption), and MINI (comorbidity) questionnaires were completed. SA over the subsequent two years were identified by mailed questionnaires and hospitals’ active files. Logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsHaving a previous suicidal attempt was linked to a 2.7 times higher chance of recurrence after 6 months, whereas the TAS-20 showed a 1.1 times higher risk at 18 months (OR = 1.1) and the BDI at 24 months (OR = 1.2). Each one-unit increment in TAS-20 and BDI-13 scores increased the risk of SA by 9.8 and 20.4% at 18 and 24 months, respectively.ConclusionSome clinical features, such as alcohol dependence, suicide intent, and hopelessness, may not be reliable predictors of SA among PD patients. However, in the short term, previous SA and, in the long term, depression and alexithymia may be the most robust clinical predictors to consider in our sample of patients with self-poisoning SA.Clinical trial registration: [ClinicalTrials.gov], NCT00641498 24/03/2008 [#2006-A00450-51].
Protocol for an observational cohort study on psychological, addictive, lifestyle behavior and highly prevalent affective disorders in primary health care adults
Authors: Méndez-López Fátima , Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara , Domínguez-García Marta , Bartolomé-Moreno Cruz , Rabanaque Isabel , Magallón-Botaya Rosa 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundDepression and anxious symptoms are prevalent in the general population, and their onset and persistence may be linked to biological and psychosocial factors, many of which are lifestyle-related. The way we manage our care, physical and emotional health and/or discomfort is highly influenced by our own abilities, skills and attitudes despite life’s circumstances. The main aim of this protocol to analyze the relationship between psychological constructs (self-efficacy, activation, health literacy, resilience, personality traits, sense of coherence, self-esteem), and the presence of affective-emotional problems (anxiety, depression) and addictions in primary health care.MethodsThis is a protocol of a prospective longitudinal cohort study including people of 35–74 years old of Aragon primary health care centers (Spain). Three evaluations will be conducted: baseline evaluation, and follow-up assessments five and ten years after recruitment. The primary outcomes will be severity of depression, severity of anxiety, and addictive behaviors. A detailed set of secondary outcomes will be assessed across all three assessments. This will include psychosocial or personal factors on health behavior, social support, lifestyle patterns, quality of life, the use of health and social resources, and chronic comorbid pathology.DiscussionThe analysis of the impact of psychological constructs and lifestyles on the mental health of people and communities will provide evidence that will make it possible to better address and prevent these prevalent problems and address their improvement from a more global and holistic perspective. The evaluation of psychological constructs should be incorporated into health services to improve people’s ability their self-care, the level of knowledge of managing their disease and their physical, mental and social health.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.isrctn.com/, identifier ISRCTN12820058.
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the functionality of 40 Hz auditory steady state response brain network: graph theory approach
Authors: Hirosawa Tetsu , Soma Daiki , Miyagishi Yoshiaki , Furutani Naoki , Yoshimura Yuko , Kameya Masafumi , Yamaguchi Yohei , Yaoi Ken , Sano Masuhiko , Kitamura Koji , Takahashi Tetsuya , Kikuchi Mitsuru 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionMeasuring whole-brain networks of the 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) is a promising approach to describe the after-effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tDCS on the brain network of 40 Hz ASSR in healthy adult males using graph theory. The second objective was to identify a population in which tDCS effectively modulates the brain network of 40 Hz ASSR.MethodsThis study used a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded crossover approach. Twenty-five adult males (20–24 years old) completed two sessions at least 1 month apart. The participants underwent cathodal or sham tDCS of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, after which 40 Hz ASSR was measured using magnetoencephalography. After the signal sources were mapped onto the Desikan–Killiany brain atlas, the statistical relationships between localized activities were evaluated in terms of the debiased weighted phase lag index (dbWPLI). Weighted and undirected graphs were constructed for the tDCS and sham conditions based on the dbWPLI. Weighted characteristic path lengths and clustering coefficients were then measured and compared between the tDCS and sham conditions using mixed linear models.ResultsThe characteristic path length was significantly lower post-tDCS simulation (p = 0.04) than after sham stimulation. This indicates that after tDCS simulation, the whole-brain networks of 40 Hz ASSR show a significant functional integration. Simple linear regression showed a higher characteristic path length at baseline, which was associated with a larger reduction in characteristic path length after tDCS. Hence, a pronounced effect of tDCS is expected for those who have a less functionally integrated network of 40 Hz ASSR.DiscussionGiven that the healthy brain is functionally integrated, we conclude that tDCS could effectively normalize less functionally integrated brain networks rather than enhance functional integration.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in psychiatric autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hansen Niels , Juhl Aaron Levin , Grenzer Insa Maria , Teegen Bianca , Wiltfang Jens , Fitzner Dirk 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundPsychiatric autoimmune encephalitis (pAE) is a growing field of interest in diagnosis and therapy in psychiatric hospitals and institutions. This study investigates the relevant extent to which there are potential biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that can differentiate against a cohort with neurodegenerative disease.MethodsWe included in this study a total of 27 patients with possible and definite psychiatric autoimmune encephalitis and compared with a cohort with CSF-based AD (n = 27) different biomarkers in CSF such as lactate, cell count, % lymphocytes, % monocytes, total protein content, albumin, immunoglobulins G (IgG), M (IgM) and A (IgA), CSF/serum albumin ratio, CSF/serum IgG ratio, CSF/serum IgA ratio, intrathecal IgG synthesis, blood–brain barrier disruption, specific antibody synthesis for measles, rubella, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, Ebstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, total tau protein (t-tau), phosphorylated tau protein 181 (p-tau181), amyloid beta 42 (Aß42), amyloid beta 40 (Aß40) and the amyloid beta 42/ amyloid beta 40 (Aß42/40) ratio.ResultsThe p-tau 181 was elevated above cut-off values in both possible pAE and AD. However, in definitive pAE, p-tau181 levels were not elevated. When elevated p-tau181 levels in possible AE were compared with those in AD, we found relevant differences, such as a relative increase in p-tau181 in AD patients. Elevated p-tau181 levels were detected in possible psychiatric AEs with IgLON5, glycine, recoverin, titin, and nonspecific neuropil antibodies in serum and IgLON5, titin, Yo, and nonspecific neuropil autoantibodies in CSF. In addition, we detected elevated levels of p-tau181 and IgLON5 autoantibodies in serum and CSF, and Yo autoantibodies in CSF in patients with definitive pAE. Interestingly, we observed a higher CSF/serum IgM ratio in possible and definitive pAE than in AD patients.ConclusionOur results suggest that neuroaxonal brain damage may occur in specific psychiatric AEs associated with IgLON5, glycine, recoverin, and titin autoantibodies. Further research should focus on the CSF/serum IgM ratio as an early marker of autoantibody production in pAE compared to AD as a potential biomarker for differential diagnosis.
Prevalence and influencing factors of suicide in first-episode and drug-naive young major depressive disorder patients with impaired fasting glucose: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Yifan , Liao Zhenjiang , Huang Qiuping , Wang Qianjin , Ren Honghong , Chen Xinxin , Lin Shuhong , Wang Chenhan , Tang Ying , Hao Jingyue , Wang Xuhao , Shen Hongxian , Zhang Xiangyang 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAn association exists between major depression disorder (MDD), suicide attempts, and glucose metabolism, but suicide attempts in young MDD patients with comorbid impaired fasting glucose (IFG) have been less well studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors for suicide attempts in young, first-episode, drug-naive (FEDN) MDD patients with comorbid IFG.MethodsWe recruited 917 young patients with FEDN MDD, 116 of whom were judged to have combined IFG because their blood glucose was &gt;6.0. We collected anthropological and clinical data on all of them. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale score were used to assess their clinical symptoms. Blood glucose, plasma thyroid function and lipid indicators were measured.ResultsThe prevalence of suicide attempts in young MDD patients with IFG was 32.8% (38/116). Furthermore, among young MDD patients with comorbid IFG, suicide attempters had more severe depression and anxiety symptoms, more comorbid psychotic symptom, higher levels of antibody of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid peroxidases (TPOAb), and more severe lipid metabolism disorders than those without suicide attempts. In addition, HAMA scores and TPOAb were independently associated with suicide attempts in young patients with FEDN MDD.ConclusionOur study suggests that young MDD patients with IFG have a high rate of suicide attempts. Some clinical symptoms and thyroid function parameters may be the risk factor for suicide attempts in young MDD patients with impaired glucose metabolism.
Sleep and behavioral problems in Down syndrome: differences between school age and adolescence
Authors: Fucà Elisa , Costanzo Floriana , Celestini Laura , Galassi Paolo , Villani Alberto , Valentini Diletta , Vicari Stefano 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at risk of developing sleep problems. In spite of the well-established knowledge on the presence of sleep difficulties in DS individuals and the associated emotional and behavioral problems, less is known about the possible differences in the kind of associations between sleep and emotional/behavioral problems across different age ranges.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we included 289 participants with DS aged 6–18 years with the aims to explore differences in the distribution of sleep problems between specific age groups (school age vs. adolescence) and to identify specific age-based associations between sleep problems and emotional/behavioral problems.ResultsSome differences in the distribution of sleep problems have emerged between age groups. Moreover, differences in the patterns of association between emotional/behavioral difficulties and sleep problems-in particular, sleep-related breathing difficulties and parasomnias-have been observed. However, sleep-wake transition disorders and excessive daily somnolence appear to be related to emotional and behavioral problems (both internalizing and externalizing), in general, across school age and adolescence.DiscussionThese results remark the importance of appropriate neuropsychiatric and psychological evaluation taking into account the age-specific needs and features of individuals with DS.