bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective evaluation of factors affecting successful fit testing of respiratory protective equipment during the early phase of COVID-19
Authors: Caggiari Silvia , Bader Dan , Packman Zoe , Robinson Jane , Tranka Sumeshni , Böhning Dankmar , Worsley Peter 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesRespiratory protective equipment is critical to protect healthcare workers from COVID-19 infection, which includes filtering facepiece respirators (FFP3). There are reports of fitting issues within healthcare workers, although the factors affecting fitting outcomes are largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate factors affecting respirator fitting outcomes.DesignThis is a retrospective evaluation study. We conducted a secondary analysis of a national database of fit testing outcomes in England between July and August 2020.SettingsThe study involves National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England.ParticipantsA total of 9592 observations regarding fit test outcomes from 5604 healthcare workers were included in the analysis.InterventionFit testing of FFP3 on a cohort of healthcare workers in England, working in the NHS.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was the fit testing result, that is, pass or fail with a specific respirator. Key demographics, including age, gender, ethnicity and face measurements of 5604 healthcare workers, were used to compare fitting outcomes.ResultsA total of 9592 observations from 5604 healthcare workers were included in the analysis. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to determine the factors which affected fit testing outcome. Results showed that males experienced a significantly (p<0.05) higher fit test success than females (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.81). Those with non-white ethnicities demonstrated significantly lower odds of successful respirator fitting; black (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.83), Asian (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.74) and mixed (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.79.ConclusionDuring the early phase of COVID-19, females and non-white ethnicities were less likely to have a successful respirator fitting. Further research is needed to design new respirators which provide equal opportunity for comfortable, effective fitting of these devices.
Use of locum doctors in NHS trusts in England: analysis of routinely collected workforce data 2019–2021
Authors: Grigoroglou Christos , Walshe Kieran , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Ferguson Jane , Stringer Gemma , Ashcroft Darren , Allen Thomas 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTemporary doctors, known as locum doctors, play an important role in the delivery of care in the National Health Service (NHS); however, little is known about the extent of locum use in NHS trusts. This study aimed to quantify and describe locum use for all NHS trusts in England in 2019–2021.SettingDescriptive analyses of data on locum shifts from all NHS trusts in England in 2019–2021. Weekly data were available for the number of shifts filled by agency and bank staff and the number of shifts requested by each trust. Negative binomial models were used to investigate the association between the proportion of medical staffing provided by locums and NHS trust characteristics.ResultsIn 2019, on average 4.4% of total medical staffing was provided by locums, but this varied substantially across trusts (25th–75th centile=2.2%–6.2%). Over time, on average two-thirds of locum shifts were filled by locum agencies and a third by trusts’ staff banks. On average, 11.3% of shifts requested were left unfilled. In 2019–2021, the mean number of weekly shifts per trust increased by 19% (175.2–208.6) and the mean number of weekly unfilled shifts per trust increased by 54% (32.7 to 50.4). Trusts rated by the Care Quality Commission (CQC) as inadequate or requiring improvement (incidence rate ratio=1.495; 95% CI 1.191 to 1.877), and smaller trusts had a higher use of locums. Large variability was observed across regions for use of locums, proportion of shifts filled by locum agencies and unfilled shifts.ConclusionsThere were large variations in the demand for and use of locum doctors in NHS trusts. Trusts with poor CQC ratings and smaller trusts appear to use locum doctors more intensively compared with other trust types. Unfilled shifts were at a 3-year high at the end of 2021 suggesting increased demand which may result from growing workforce shortages in NHS trusts.
What children’s perspectives on safe and dangerous outdoor play can tell us about their risk-seeking and injury experiences: ‘You don’t feel right doing the thing that got you hurt’
Authors: Bauer Michelle Emma Eileen , Pike Ian 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundUnintentional injuries are a leading cause of children’s hospitalisations and death globally and are thus a pressing public health concern. Fortunately, they are largely preventable, and understanding children’s perspectives on safe and dangerous outdoor play can help educators and researchers identify ways to mitigate the likelihood of their occurrence. Problematically, children’s perspectives are rarely included in injury prevention scholarship. In this study, we acknowledge children’s right to have their voices heard by exploring the perspectives on safe and dangerous play and injury of 13 children in Metro Vancouver, Canada.MethodsWe employed tenets of risk and sociocultural theory and a child-centred community-based participatory research approach to injury prevention. We conducted unstructured interviews with children aged 9–13 years old.ResultsThrough our thematic analysis, we identified two themes: (1) ‘little’ and ‘big’ injuries and (2) risk and danger.ConclusionOur results suggest children differentiate between ‘little’ and ‘big’ injuries by reflecting on the potential loss of opportunities for play with friends. Further, they suggest children avoid play they perceive as dangerous, but enjoy ‘risk-seeking’ because it is thrilling and provides them with opportunities to push their physical and mental capabilities. Child educators and injury prevention researchers can use our findings to inform their communications with children and make play spaces more accessible to, fun and safe for children.
Dendritic cell therapy augments antitumor immunity triggered by CDK4/6 inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade by unleashing systemic CD4 T-cell responses
Authors: Kumar Amrendra , Ramani Vijay , Bharti Vijaya , de Lima Bellan Daniel , Saleh Nabil , Uzhachenko Roman , Shen Chengli , Arteaga Carlos , Richmond Ann , Reddy Sangeetha M , Vilgelm Anna 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundCyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) combined with endocrine therapy are a mainstay treatment for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. While their principal mechanism is inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that CDK4/6i can also promote antitumor T-cell responses. However, this pro-immunogenic property is yet to be successfully harnessed in the clinic, as combining CDK4/6i with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has not shown a definitive benefit in patients.MethodWe performed an in-depth analysis of the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment and systemic immune modulation associated with CDK4/6i treatment in muring breast cancer models and in patients with breast cancer using high dimensional flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. Gain and loss of function in vivo experiments employing cell transfer and depletion antibody were performed to uncover immune cell populations critical for CDK4/6i-mediated stimulation of antitumor immunity.ResultsWe found that loss of dendritic cells (DCs) within the tumor microenvironment resulting from CDK4/6 inhibition in bone marrow progenitors is a major factor limiting antitumor immunity after CDK4/6i and ICB. Consequently, restoration of DC compartment by adoptively transferring ex vivo differentiated DCs to mice treated with CDK4/6i and ICB therapy enabled robust tumor inhibition. Mechanistically, the addition of DCs promoted the induction of tumor-localized and systemic CD4 T-cell responses in mice receiving CDK4/6i-ICB-DC combination therapy, as characterized by enrichment of programmed cell death protein-1-negative T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells with an activated phenotype. CD4 T-cell depletion abrogated the antitumor benefit of CDK4/6i-ICB-DC combination, with outgrowing tumors displaying an increased proportion of terminally exhausted CD8 T cells.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CDK4/6i-mediated DC suppression limits CD4 T-cell responses essential for the sustained activity of CD8 T cells and tumor inhibition. Furthermore, they imply that restoring DC-CD4 T-cell crosstalk via DC transfer enables effective breast cancer immunity in response to CDK4/6i and ICB treatment.
How much of the outcome improvement after successful recanalization is explained by follow-up infarct volume reduction?
Authors: Kniep Helge , Meyer Lukas , Broocks Gabriel , Bechstein Matthias , Austein Friederike , McDonough Rosalie V , Brekenfeld Caspar , Flottmann Fabian , Deb-Chatterji Milani , Alegiani Anna , Hanning Uta , Thomalla Goetz , Fiehler Jens , Gellissen Susanne 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundFollow-up infarct volume (FIV) is used as surrogate for treatment efficiency in mechanical thrombectomy (MT). However, previous works suggest that MT-related FIV reduction has only limited association with outcome comparing MT independently of recanalization success versus medical care. It remains unclear to what extent the relationship between successful recanalization versus persistent occlusion and functional outcome is explained by FIV reduction.ObjectiveTo determine whether FIV mediates the relationship between successful recanalization and functional outcome.MethodsAll patients from our institution enrolled in the German Stroke Registry (May 2015–December 2019) with anterior circulation stroke; availability of the relevant clinical data, and follow-up-CT were analyzed. The effect of FIV reduction on functional outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤2) after successful recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b) was quantified using mediation analysis.Results429 patients were included, of whom, 309 (72 %) had successful recanalization and 127 (39%) had good functional outcome. Good outcome was associated with age (OR=0.89, P<0.001), pre-stroke mRS score (OR=0.38, P<0.001), FIV (OR=0.98, P<0.001), hypertension (OR=2.08, P<0.05), and successful recanalization (OR=3.57, P<0.01). Using linear regression in the mediator pathway, FIV was associated with Alberta Stroke program Early CT Score (coefficient (Co)=−26.13, P<0.001), admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (Co=3.69, P<0.001), age (Co=−1.18, P<0.05), and successful recanalization (Co=−85.22, P<0.001). Successful recanalization increased the probability of good outcome by 23 percentage points (pp) (95% CI 16pp to 29pp). 56% (95% CI 38% to 78%) of the improvement in good outcome was explained by FIV reduction.Conclusion56% (95% CI 38% to 78%) of outcome improvement after successful recanalization was explained by FIV reduction. Results corroborate pathophysiological assumptions and confirm the value of FIV as an imaging endpoint in clinical trials. 44% (95% CI 22% to 62%) of the improvement in outcome was not explained by FIV reduction and reflects the remaining mismatch between radiological and clinical outcome measures.
Educational readiness among health professionals in rheumatology: low awareness of EULAR offerings and unfamiliarity with the course content as major barriers—results of a EULAR-funded European survey
Authors: Ritschl Valentin , Sperl Lisa , Andrews Margaret Renn , Björk Mathilda , Boström Carina , Cappon Jeannette , Davergne Thomas , de la Torre-Aboki Jenny , de Thurah Annette , Domján Andrea , Dragoi Razvan Gabriel , Estévez-López Fernando , Ferreira Ricardo J O , Fragoulis George E , Grygielska Jolanta , Kõrve Katti , Kukkurainen Marja Leena , Madelaine-Bonjour Christel , Marques Andréa , Meesters Jorit , Moe Rikke Helene , Moholt Ellen , Mosor Erika , Naimer-Stach Claudia , Ndosi Mwidimi , Pchelnikova Polina , Primdahl Jette , Putrik Polina , Rausch Osthoff Anne-Kathrin , Smucrova Hana , Testa Marco , van Bodegom-Vos Leti , Peter Wilfred F , Zangi Heidi A , Zimba Olena , Vliet Vlieland Theodora P M , Stamm Tanja A 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundOngoing education of health professionals in rheumatology (HPR) is critical for high-quality care. An essential factor is education readiness and a high quality of educational offerings. We explored which factors contributed to education readiness and investigated currently offered postgraduate education, including the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) offerings.Methods and participantsWe developed an online questionnaire, translated it into 24 languages and distributed it in 30 European countries. We used natural language processing and the Latent Dirichlet Allocation to analyse the qualitative experiences of the participants as well as descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression to determine factors influencing postgraduate educational readiness. Reporting followed theChecklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveysguideline.ResultsThe questionnaire was accessed 3589 times, and 667 complete responses from 34 European countries were recorded. The highest educational needs were ‘professional development’, ‘prevention and lifestyle intervention’. Older age, more working experience in rheumatology and higher education levels were positively associated with higher postgraduate educational readiness. While more than half of the HPR were familiar with EULAR as an association and the respondents reported an increased interest in the content of the educational offerings, the courses and the annual congress were poorly attended due to a lack of awareness, comparatively high costs and language barriers.ConclusionsTo promote the uptake of EULAR educational offerings, attention is needed to increase awareness among national organisations, offer accessible participation costs, and address language barriers.
BRCA1 Insufficiency Induces a Hypersialylated Acidic Tumor Microenvironment That Promotes Metastasis and Immunotherapy Resistance
Authors: Shu Xiaodong , Li Jianjie , Chan Un In , Su Sek Man , Shi Changxiang , Zhang Xin , An Tingting , Xu Jun , Mo Lihua , Liu Jianlin , Wang Yuqing , Li Xiaoling , Deng Min , Lei Josh Haipeng , Wang Chunfei , Tian Hao , Heng Sun , Shim Joong Sup , Zhang Xuanjun , Dai Yunlu , Yao Zhicheng , Kuang Xiaying , Lin Ying , Deng Chu-Xia , Xu Xiaoling 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Cancer metastasis is an extremely complex process affected by many factors. An acidic microenvironment can drive cancer cell migration toward blood vessels while also hampering immune cell activity. Here, we identified a mechanism mediated by sialyltransferases that induces an acidic tumor-permissive microenvironment (ATPME) in BRCA1-mutant and most BRCA1-low breast cancers. Hypersialylation mediated by ST8SIA4 perturbed the mammary epithelial bilayer structure and generated an ATPME and immunosuppressive microenvironment with increased PD-L1 and PD1 expressions. Mechanistically, BRCA1 deficiency increased expression of VEGFA and IL6 to activate TGFβ–ST8SIA4 signaling. High levels of ST8SIA4 led to accumulation of polysialic acid (PSA) on mammary epithelial membranes that facilitated escape of cancer cells from immunosurveillance, promoting metastasis and resistance to αPD1 treatment. The sialyltransferase inhibitor 3Fax-Peracetyl Neu5Ac neutralized the ATPME, sensitized cancers to immune checkpoint blockade by activating CD8 T cells, and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. Together, these findings identify a potential therapeutic option for cancers with a high level of PSA.

Significance:
BRCA1 deficiency generates an acidic microenvironment to promote cancer metastasis and immunotherapy resistance that can be reversed using a sialyltransferase inhibitor.
Cross-Lingual Transfer with Language-Specific Subnetworks for Low-Resource Dependency Parsing
Authors: Choenni Rochelle , Garrette Dan , Shutova Ekaterina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Large multilingual language models typically share their parameters across all languages, which enables cross-lingual task transfer, but learning can also be hindered when training updates from different languages are in conflict. In this article, we propose novel methods for using language-specific subnetworks, which control cross-lingual parameter sharing, to reduce conflicts and increase positive transfer during fine-tuning. We introduce dynamic subnetworks, which are jointly updated with the model, and we combine our methods with meta-learning, an established, but complementary, technique for improving cross-lingual transfer. Finally, we provide extensive analyses of how each of our methods affects the models.
Neural Data-to-Text Generation Based on Small Datasets: Comparing the Added Value of Two Semi-Supervised Learning Approaches on Top of a Large Language Model
Authors: van der Lee Chris , Ferreira Thiago Castro , Emmery Chris , Wiltshire Travis J. , Krahmer Emiel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study discusses the effect of semi-supervised learning in combination with pretrained language models for data-to-text generation. It is not known whether semi-supervised learning is still helpful when a large-scale language model is also supplemented. This study aims to answer this question by comparing a data-to-text system only supplemented with a language model, to two data-to-text systems that are additionally enriched by a data augmentation or a pseudo-labeling semi-supervised learning approach.Results show that semi-supervised learning results in higher scores on diversity metrics. In terms of output quality, extending the training set of a data-to-text system with a language model using the pseudo-labeling approach did increase text quality scores, but the data augmentation approach yielded similar scores to the system without training set extension. These results indicate that semi-supervised learning approaches can bolster output quality and diversity, even when a language model is also present.
The Phenomenal Atlases of Contemporary Physics: Knowing the Imperceptible
Authors: Bradonjić Kaća 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Physicists study the physical world on spatial, temporal, and complexity scales inaccessible through ordinary human perception. How, then, does a person ground their understanding of physics at these scales in the sensory impressions and emotional states made possible by their body? The author describes a framework that approaches this question by integrating artistic and intellectual methods and is informed by the history of science, theories of embodied cognition, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy of phenomenology. The framework’s goal is to understand the subjective, internal representations of physics concepts used by practicing physicists and to explore their impact on collective research efforts.
From Thought-Forms to Art Concret: Tracey M. Benson Interviews Paul Brown
Authors: Brown Paul , Benson Tracey M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this interview computational and generative artist Paul Brown discusses his early work of the 1960s and 1970s. He also describes his influences along with observations about how this early work directed his later career. The interviewer, artist Tracey M. Benson, practices in the art, science, and technology field and is a longtime friend and mentee. The two share many similar interests that are revealed in their conversation.
The Unveiled City: Multicultural Representation of Tokyo by Hashtag Labeling on Instagram
Authors: Cabrera Yonlay , Diago Luis 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The birth and progress of civilization are linked to the development of cities. This study investigates how people view and experience Tokyo, the populous megalopolis and major tourist hub. A digital art installation unveils a Tokyo that exists only through interaction. The authors reduce the city’s culturally dependent representation through a database using hashtags in 47 languages. The automated processing of the database finds trends in Tokyo’s representations on Instagram using Computer Vision (CV) and Natural Language Processing (NLP), yielding results in the art installation like current semiotic readings of the city.
When the Computer Entered the Music Scene: The Collaboration between the Centro di Sonologia Computazionale and La Biennale di Venezia
Authors: Canazza Sergio , De Poli Giovanni , Vidolin Alvise 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The era of collaboration between the Centro di Sonologia Computazionale (CSC) and the Venice Biennale in the early 1980s marked a real breakthrough in the development of technological art and computer music. Thanks to this collaboration, computer music, which in those years was confined to research laboratories with auditions for insiders, entered the global contemporary music scene. This interview by Sergio Canazza, current director of CSC, with two leading figures of that endeavor aims to bear witness to that creative turning point.
The Belitung Shipwreck in Virtual Reality: Exploring the Narrative Framework of Digital Cultural Heritage
Authors: Wang Baosheng , Liang Qing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Building on the work of Belitung VR, this article seeks to explore a narrative framework for digital cultural heritage storytelling. Belitung VR is a serious game intended to disseminate cultural knowledge about its subject via VR, wherein users can freely explore the virtual reconstruction of a shipwrecked Arab dhow to learn about historical shipping between China and West Asia while collecting clues to the cause(s) of the wreck. The framework consists of narrative goals (physical and nonphysical), narrative elements (character, world, and plot), and narrative grammar (immersion, interaction, rhetoric, and factuality). This work can serve as a practice guide and evaluative framework for designers/artists with an aspiration to digitally disseminate cultural heritage.
What Does Your Heart Tell You? A Reconceptualization of Functional Cardiac Symptoms in Finland (1940s–1980s)
Authors: Myllykangas Mikko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
During the Continuation War of 1941–1944, Finnish medical experts began to encounter military patients suffering from chest pains, breathlessness, palpitations, fatigue, and many other symptoms which could not be explained by somatic findings. In the history of medicine, these symptoms and a plethora of associated diagnoses (such as ‘Da Costa syndrome’, ‘soldier’s heart’, ‘effort syndrome’, ‘nca’, ‘neurocirculatory dystonia’, and so on) have been studied for the most part in the contexts of war, especially in connection with World War I. Most of medical and psychiatric discussion of the syndrome in Finland, however, took place after World War ii. Importantly, this included the emergence of an informal public education campaign which sought to promote an understanding of the harmlessness of ‘functional cardiac symptoms’. In this article, I examine the development and transformations of the discourse of functional cardiac symptoms in Finland through an analysis of the medical discussions. The post-war introduction of medical theories of stress and psychosomatic medicine had a significant impact on how the complaints related to functional cardiac symptoms were addressed. I aim to show that the rethinking of the connection between mind and body, as well as the increasing understanding of hormonal functions of the body, adjusted the demarcation between somatic medicine and psychiatry following the dissemination of psychosomatic medicine and the concept of stress.