bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐Plane 1.5 µm Distributed Feedback Lasers Selectively Grown on (001) SOI
Authors: Xue Ying , Li Jie , Wang Yi , Xu Ke , Xing Zengshan , Wong Kam Sing , Tsang Hon Ki , Lau Kei May 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHetero‐epitaxy for integration of efficient III‐V lasers on silicon can enable wafer‐scale silicon photonic integrated circuits, which can unleash the full advantages of silicon photonics in production on large silicon wafers with low cost, high throughput, and large bandwidth and large‐scale integration. In this work, efficient III‐V distributed feedback (DFB) lasers selectively grown on (001) silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) wafers are presented. The selective hetero‐epitaxy of sufficiently large areas of III‐V segments allows the demonstration of DFB lasers on the SOI wafer. The fabricated DFB lasers feature a co‐planar configuration with the Si layer, allowing for efficient coupling between III‐V lasers and Si waveguides. The unique III‐V‐on‐insulator structure also provides strong optical confinement for the lasers. Gratings are designed and fabricated with minimal non‐radiative recombination and a simple process with good tolerance. The optically pumped DFB laser has a low lasing threshold of around 17.5 µJ cm−2, stable single‐mode lasing at 1.5 µm, a side‐mode‐suppression‐ratio of over 35 dB, and a spontaneous emission factor of 0.7. The results here demonstrate a step forward towards wafer‐scale integration with monolithically grown lasers, thus outlining the prospect of fully integrated Si photonics.
Lifetime Prediction and Aging Mechanism of Glass Fiber Reinforced Acrylate‐Styrene‐Acrylonitrile/Polycarbonate Composite under Hygrothermal Conditions
Authors: Liu Peijiang , Jin Zhili , Chen Yihua , Chen Zijun , Li Yinle , Xu Huanxiang , Zhao Zhenbo , Zhu Gang , Liu Zilian , Li Jinlei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of fifth‐generation technology has resulted in increased demand for materials with low dielectric losses and superior thermal and mechanical properties. However, ensuring the widespread use of such materials by investigating their aging mechanisms and operating lifetimes remains challenging. In this study, a glass‐fiber (GF)‐reinforced acrylate‐styrene‐acrylonitrile/polycarbonate (ASA/GF/PC) composite is designed and comprehensively investigated its aging behavior, mechanism, and service lifetime under long‐term hygrothermal conditions. Based on the general Peck model, the composite maintains a high level of quality for over 10 years, including under harsh conditions of 40 °C and 80% relative humidity. The aging mechanism is primarily ascribed to cracking between the GF fibers and matrix, the breaking of chemical bonds, the generation of new cross‐linked domains, and physical aging. These findings provide valuable insights into the long‐term utilization of ASA/GF/PC composites in harsh environments.
Simultaneous Imaging and Photodynamic‐Enhanced Photothermal Inhibition of Cancer Cells Using a Multifunctional System Combining Indocyanine Green and Polydopamine‐Preloaded Upconversion Luminescent Nanoparticles
Authors: Ye Sihao , Zhang Wenjing , Shen Yao , Han Shuai , Hu Hai , Liang Yuexiang , Lin Zijian , Jin Yuepeng , Lawson Tom , Liu Yong , Cai Zhenzhai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work introduces a novel multifunctional system called UPIPF (upconversion‐polydopamine‐indocyanine‐polyethylene‐folic) for upconversion luminescent (UCL) imaging of cancer cells using near‐infrared (NIR) illumination. The system demonstrates efficient inhibition of human hepatoma (HepG2) cancer cells through a combination of NIR‐triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT) and enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT). Initially, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) are synthesized using a simple thermal decomposition method. To improve their biocompatibility and aqueous dispersibility, polydopamine (PDA) is introduced to the UCNP via a ligand exchange technique. Indocyanine green (ICG) molecules are electrostatically attached to the surface of the UCNP‐polydopamine (UCNP@PDAs) complex to enhance the PDT and PTT effects. Moreover, polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐modified folic acid (FA) is incorporated into the UCNP‐polydopamine‐indocyanine‐green (UCNP@PDA‐ICGs) nanoparticles to enhance their targeting capability against cancer cells. The excellent UCL properties of these UCNP enable the final UCNP@PDA‐ICG‐PEG‐FA nanoparticles (referred to as UPIPF) to serve as a potential candidate for efficient anticancer drug delivery, real‐time imaging, and early diagnosis of cancer cells. Furthermore, the UPIPF system exhibits PDT‐assisted PTT effects, providing a convenient approach for efficient cancer cell inhibition (more than 99% of cells are killed). The prepared UPIPF system shows promise for early diagnosis and simultaneous treatment of malignant cancers.
Isolation, biochemical characterization, and genome sequencing of two high‐quality genomes of a novel chitinolytic Jeongeupia species
Authors: Arnold Nathanael D. , Garbe Daniel , Brück Thomas B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide worldwide as part of arthropods' exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. Low concentrations in soils and sediments indicate rapid decomposition through chitinolytic organisms in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The enacting enzymes, so‐called chitinases, and their products, chitooligosaccharides, exhibit promising characteristics with applications ranging from crop protection to cosmetics, medical, textile, and wastewater industries. Exploring novel chitinolytic organisms is crucial to expand the enzymatical toolkit for biotechnological chitin utilization and to deepen our understanding of diverse catalytic mechanisms. In this study, we present two long‐read sequencing‐based genomes of highly similar Jeongeupia species, which have been screened, isolated, and biochemically characterized from chitin‐amended soil samples. Through metabolic characterization, whole‐genome alignments, and phylogenetic analysis, we could demonstrate how the investigated strains differ from the taxonomically closest strain Jeongeupia naejangsanensis BIO‐TAS4‐2T (DSM 24253). In silico analysis and sequence alignment revealed a multitude of highly conserved chitinolytic enzymes in the investigated Jeongeupia genomes. Based on these results, we suggest that the two strains represent a novel species within the genus of Jeongeupia, which may be useful for environmentally friendly N‐acetylglucosamine production from crustacean shell or fungal biomass waste or as a crop protection agent.
Feeding topologies for half‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide bandpass filter
Authors: Weng Lin‐Yang , Tu Wen‐Hua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTwo novel feeding structures for half‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide are proposed in this letter. A bending coupled‐line bandpass filter (BPF) by magnetic coupling and a bending coupled‐line BPF by electric coupling are presented based on the respective coupling structures. By observing the cavity field distributions, magnetic coupling or electric coupling between the feeding line and cavity is investigated. Two BPF prototypes are designed and tested to validate the design concept with good agreement.
Synthesis and Analysis of Well‐Defined Copolymers via by Combination ROP Technique
Authors: Yildiko Umit , Tanriverdi Aslihan Aycan , Ata Ahmet Cagri , Cakmak Ismail , Tekes Ahmet Turan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHerein, the poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL‐PEG‐PCL) macro xanthate reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer agent is obtained on the polyethylene glycol (PEG) (600, 1000, and 1500 g mol−1) block, after the addition of ɛ‐caprolactone via ring‐opening polymerization. Then, poly (styrene‐b‐ɛ‐caprolactone‐b‐PEG‐b‐ɛ‐caprolactone‐b‐styrene) pentablock copolymer is synthesized reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) solution polymerization technique via mediated PCL‐PEG‐PCL xanthate macro‐RAFT agents and 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The products are demonstrated using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT‐IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses. First‐order linear kinetic graphs of the reaction mechanism are observed with an increase in molecular weights (MW) between 16 000 and 36 000 g mol−1. The narrow dispersity (Đ = 1.40–1.48) polymer formation of styrene (St) controlled by RAFT polymerization confirms the increase in molecular weight according to the polymerization time. The reaction kinetics are first order and the rate constants are found to be k1 = 6.16 × 10−4s−1, k2 = 6.91 × 10−4 s−1 and k3 = 7.33 × 10−4 s−1. Thermal and spectroscopic analyses prove that the reactions are carried out successfully.
Implementing a guideline‐based education and exercise program for people with knee and hip osteoarthritis—Practical experiences of providers and clinic leaders: A qualitative study
Authors: Kania‐Richmond Ania , Jones C. Allyson , Martyn Jason , Hastings Staci , Ellis Kira , Jessiman‐Perreault Geneviève , Hart David A. , Robert Jill , Slomp Mel , Beaupre Lauren A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Good Life with osteoArthritis: Denmark (GLA:DTM) program is an evidence‐based education and exercise program designed for individuals with symptomatic hip and knee osteoarthritis. Launched in Denmark, it has been implemented across Europe, Australia, and North America. The authors assessed the feasibility of GLADTM implementation in Canada (Alberta) by applying the RE‐AIM framework. An evaluation objective was to identify factors impacting the implementation of the program in both publicly funded and private rehabilitation settings, based on the experience of the initial cohort of providers and clinic leaders who set up and delivered the program.MethodsSemi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with GLA:DTM‐trained providers, managers, or directors of clinics across Alberta. Braun and Clarke's thematic approach was used to code the data and identify emergent categories and themes. Those relevant to the implementation were identified and by consensus, categorized as facilitators of and challenges to the implementation process.ResultsEighteen GLA:DTM ‐trained providers and three clinic leaders from a range of clinical settings completed an interview. Seven common themes emerged in relation to implementation across the study settings. Three themes reflect facilitators of implementation (program acceptability by providers, multi‐level support mechanisms, and program flexibility) and four implementation challenges (direct and indirect costs, lack of external referrals, program access issues, and lack of suitable space). The initial implementation of the program was exploratory with limited focus on long‐term sustainability.ConclusionsThe GLA:DTM program is a translatable program that can be implemented with relative ease in both public and private rehabilitation settings; however, costs, space constraints, and having an adequate referral base were noted challenges. Further work is warranted to explore equitable access across public and private settings and program sustainability.
Examination of Muskellunge overwinter survival and growth in an earthen extensive culture pond
Authors: Koupal Keith D. , Miller Marcus , Wuellner Melissa R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Track cohort survival, individual growth, and PIT tag retention, as well as relative growth rate, from fall to the following spring for age-0 Muskellunge Esox masquinongy held in an extensive culture pond.

Methods
A total of 806 age-0 Muskellunge were provided a 12-mm PIT tag in October 2021 and placed into a 0.1-ha pond. Individual total length (mm) was recorded for each fish. When the pond was drained in March 2022, an assessment of survival and PIT tag retention was calculated for the cohort, as well as assessment of mean individual growth and relative growth rate.

Result
Muskellunge experienced high survival (91.9%) but low individual mean growth (21.7 ± 0.2 mm [mean ± SE]). The mean length of surviving Muskellunge (267.8 ± 0.9 mm) was significantly greater than nonsurviving Muskellunge (251.4 ± 3.1 mm). However, smaller surviving Muskellunge did exhibit slightly improved growth compared to individuals that were initially longer.

Conclusion
The results provide an expectation for overwinter survival and growth in an extensive culture pond. This can assist managers in developing expectations on the numbers and length of Muskellunge that will be available to stock the following spring, which has largely been unreported previously.
Why are larger fish farther upstream? Testing multiple hypotheses using Silver Chub in two Midwestern United States riverscapes
Authors: Perkin Joshuah S. , Kočovský Patrick M. , Steffensmeier Zachary D. , Gido Keith B. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Three competing hypotheses might explain the widely documented intrapopulation larger-fish-upstream phenomenon. The age-phased recruitment hypothesis posits that fish spawn downstream and move upstream as they age and grow, the static population with growth and mortality gradients hypothesis posits that fish spawn throughout a riverscape and growth is greater upstream while recruitment is greater downstream, and the colonization cycle hypothesis posits that fish spawn upstream, larvae drift downstream, and individuals move upstream as they age and grow.

Methods
We tested for the larger-fish-upstream pattern using populations of Silver Chub Macrhybopsis storeriana in the Arkansas and Ohio rivers, as well as investigated longitudinal variation in reproductive investment (Arkansas River), age structure for adult fish (Arkansas River), and number and occurrence of age-0 fish (Ohio River).

Result
The larger-fish-upstream pattern was temporally persistent in both riverscapes. In the Arkansas River, reproductive investment was greatest upstream, where initiation of spawning likely occurred based on gonadosomatic indices. Adult fish were most numerous in the Arkansas River 125–175 km upstream from Kaw Reservoir, with age-2 fish numbers peaking farther upstream compared with age-1 fish. In the Ohio River, age-0 fish counts increased downstream and were rare among the shortest river fragments (&lt;100 km) between lock-and-dam structures. These findings are inconsistent with the age-phased recruitment hypothesis based on upstream spawning in the Arkansas River and inconsistent with the static population with growth and mortality gradients hypothesis based on virtual absence of age-2 fish downstream (Arkansas River) and age-0 fish upstream (Ohio River). The most likely explanation for longitudinal variation in Silver Chub size distribution is downstream drift of ichthyoplankton followed by net upstream movement (i.e., colonization cycle hypothesis), but formal assessments of movement and ova characteristics require more research.

Conclusion
Managing multidimensional riverscapes requires insight into the mechanisms that regulate upstream-to-downstream patterns in fish populations, and our work underscores a potential size-related benefit to maintaining broadscale longitudinal connectivity.
Associations of gene expression in blood with BMI and weight changes among women in the Norwegian Women and Cancer postgenome cohort
Authors: Baiju Nikita , Rylander Charlotta , Sætrom Pål , Sandanger Torkjel M. , Nøst Therese H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate associations between blood gene expression profiles and (1) current BMI and (2) past weight changes (WCs) among women who had never been diagnosed with cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) postgenome cohort.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study (N = 1694) used gene expression profiles and information from three questionnaires: Q1 (baseline), Q2 (follow‐up), and Q3 (blood collection). The authors performed gene‐wise linear regression models to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and functional enrichment analyses to identify their biological functions.ResultsWhen assessing BMIQ3, the study observed 2394, 769, and 768 DEGs for the obesity‐versus‐normal weight, obesity‐versus‐overweight, and overweight‐versus‐normal weight comparisons, respectively. Up to 169 DEGs were observed when investigating WCQ3‐Q1 (mean = 7 years, range = 5.5–14 years) and WCQ3‐Q2 (mean = 1 year, range = <1 month–9 years) in interaction models with BMI categories, of which 1 to 169 genes were associated with WCs and 0 to 9 were associated with interaction effects of BMI and WCs. Biological functions of BMI‐associated DEGs were linked to metabolism, erythrocytes, oxidative stress, and immune processes, whereas WC‐associated DEGs were linked to signal transduction.ConclusionsMany BMI‐associated but few WC‐associated DEGs were identified in the blood of women in Norway. The biological functions of BMI‐associated DEGs likely reflect systemic impacts of obesity, especially blood reticulocyte‐erythrocyte ratio shifts.
Who benefits most from outpatient lifestyle intervention? An IMI‐SOPHIA study on pediatric individuals living with overweight and obesity
Authors: Prinz Nicole , Pomares‐Millan Hugo , Dannemann Almut , Giordano Giuseppe N. , Joisten Christine , Körner Antje , Weghuber Daniel , Weihrauch‐Blüher Susann , Wiegand Susanna , Holl Reinhard W. , Lanzinger Stefanie ,   the APV initiative and the Stratification of Obesity Phenotypes to Optimize Future Therapy (SOPHIA) consortium
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe first‐line approach for childhood obesity is lifestyle intervention (LI); however, success varies. This study aimed first to identify distinct subgroups of response in children living with overweight and obesity and second to elucidate predictors for subclusters.MethodsBased on the obesity patient follow‐up registry the APV (Adipositas‐Patienten‐Verlaufsdokumentation) initiative, a total of 12,453 children and adolescents (median age: 11.5 [IQR: 9.7–13.2] years; BMI z score [BMIz]: 2.06 [IQR: 1.79–2.34]; 52.6% girls) living with overweight/obesity and participating in outpatient LI were studied. Longitudinal k‐means clustering was used to identify individual BMIz response curve for up to 2 years after treatment initiation. Multinomial logistic regression was used to elucidate predictors for cluster membership.ResultsA total of 36.3% of children and adolescents experienced “no BMIz loss.” The largest subcluster (44.8%) achieved “moderate BMIz loss,” with an average delta‐BMIz of −0.23 (IQR: −0.33 to −0.14) at study end. A total of 18.9% had a “pronounced BMIz loss” up to −0.61 (IQR: −0.76 to −0.49). Younger age and lower BMIz at LI initiation, larger initial BMIz loss, and less social deprivation were linked with higher likelihood for moderate or pronounced BMIz loss compared with the no BMIz loss cluster (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results support the importance of patient‐tailored intervention and earlier treatment escalation in high‐risk individuals who have little chance of success.
Intermittent dietary carbohydrate restriction versus calorie restriction and cardiometabolic profiles: A randomized trial
Authors: Dou Yalan , Jiang Yuan , Chen Xiaotian , Zhang Yi , Wang Yin , Chen Hongyan , He Wennan , Yan Weili 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an intermittent low‐carbohydrate diet (ILCD) versus calorie restriction (ICR) in young populations and potential mechanisms.MethodsThirty‐four participants aged 9 to 30 years with cardiometabolic risk were randomized to receive a self‐administered 2‐week ILCD (carbohydrate intake ≤ 50 g/d on seven nonconsecutive days) or ICR (500–600 kcal/d for two consecutive days per week). Differences in changes in obesity measures, glycemic and lipid profiles, gut microbiota composition, and three serum biomarkers were compared.ResultsThe ILCD and ICR similarly reduced body weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, insulin, postprandial glucose variation, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, free fatty acid, and fibroblast growth factor 21, whereas ILCD produced significantly different alterations in the following outcomes compared with ICR: greater increases in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol (−0.36 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.68 to −0.04; −0.40 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.73 to −0.06) and greater decrease in triglyceride (0.20 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.37). Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium reduced after ILCD but not ICR; and the reductions strongly correlated with changes in fasting glucose (both r = 0.84) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.81 and −0.72).ConclusionsThis study found no evidence of differences in changes from baseline in obesity measures, glucose regulation, and inflammation between ILCD and ICR, despite trends in reduction in those parameters. However, there seemed to be some differences in responses in lipids and gut microbiota.
Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis: Macrolide in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Shu Fu , Li Chan‐Xiu , Zhang Feng , Peng Mingwei , Shi Lei , Li Linglong , Xiong Juan , Mu Zengyi , Wang Yaping , Mao Dehong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of macrolide antibiotics therapy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) receiving endoscopic sinus surgery.Data SourcesPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library.Review MethodsThe electronic databases were comprehensively searched on June 2, 2022, for randomized controlled trials on macrolide antibiotics in the treatment of patients undergoing CRS endoscopic surgery. The primary outcome measures were the sinonasal outcome test (SNOT) score and the visual analog scale (VAS) score. The secondary outcome measures were the nasal endoscopy score (NES), the sinus computed tomography score, and adverse events.ResultsA total of 8 studies were included, involving 606 patients who used macrolide for a long time. Meta‐analysis showed that no significant difference was observed in SNOT (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.38 to 0.13,I2 = 0%) and VAS (SMD = −0.10; 95% CI, −0.88 to 0.68,I2 = 81%) between the macrolide and placebo groups. However, macrolide outperformed the placebo in improving NES (SMD = −0.32; 95% CI, −0.62 to −0.03,I2 = 21%). The use of macrolide did not increase the incidence of adverse events.ConclusionLong‐term use of macrolide after CRS surgery may not significantly improve the quality of life and disease severity of the patients but may play a role in improving postoperative NES in patients with CRS. There is still no sufficient evidence to determine whether the disease phenotype of CRS or the patient's race will affect the efficacy of long‐term use of macrolide after CRS.