bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison principle for doubly nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations
Authors: Bögelein Verena , Strunk Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we derive a comparison principle for non-negative weak sub- and super-solutions to doubly nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations whose prototype is $$\begin{aligned} \partial _t u^q - {{\,\textrm{div}\,}}{\big (|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u \big )}=0 \qquad \text{ in } \Omega _T, \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

u
q

-

div

(

|
∇
u
|

p
-
2

∇
u

)

=
0

in

Ω
T

,

with $$q>0$$

q
>
0

and $$p>1$$

p
>
1

and $$\Omega _T:=\Omega \times (0,T)\subset \mathbb {R}^{n+1}$$

Ω
T

:
=
Ω
×

(
0
,
T
)

⊂

R

n
+
1

. Instead of requiring a lower bound for the sub- or super-solutions in the whole domain $$\Omega _T$$

Ω
T

, we only assume the lateral boundary data to be strictly positive. The main results yield some applications. Firstly, we obtain uniqueness of non-negative weak solutions to the associated Cauchy–Dirichlet problem. Secondly, we prove that any weak solution is also a viscosity solution.
The ecological dynamics of trumpet improvisation
Authors: Rooney Miles 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe nature of music improvisation continues to provide an interesting showcase of the multifaceted and skilful ways we engage with and act within our environments. Improvising musicians are somehow able to generate musical material in real time that adaptively navigates musical situations. In this article I explore the broader aspects of improvised activity—such as our bodily interactions with the instrument and environment—as they relate to improvised music-making. I do so by drawing upon principles from the embodied cognitive sciences, namely ecological and dynamical systems approaches. Firstly, I introduce the concept of affordances to illustrate the bidirectional relationship between improvisor and environment. I then take a dynamical view, exploring the ways that a trumpet player coordinates their body with their instrument and engages with trumpet affordances in order to navigate musical situations. I continue this dynamical view, taking the improviser to be an adaptive system whose behaviours are self-organised responses to a set of constraints. To conclude, I situate my research within the wider 4E approach. I advocate that ‘E’ approaches, which take seriously the role of the body–instrument–environment relationship, provide an insightful perspective on the nature of improvisation.
Transcriptomic analyses during development reveal mechanisms of integument structuring and color production
Authors: Stuckert Adam M. M. , Freeborn Layla , Howell Kimberly A. , Yang Yusan , Nielsen Rasmus , Richards-Zawacki Corinne , MacManes Matthew D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSkin coloration and patterning play a key role in animal survival and reproduction. As a result, color phenotypes have generated intense research interest. In aposematic species, color phenotypes can be important in avoiding predation and in mate choice. However, we still know little about the underlying genetic mechanisms of color production, particularly outside of a few model organisms. Here we seek to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the production of different colors and how these undergo shifting expression patterns throughout development. To answer this, we examine gene expression of two different color patches(yellow and green) in a developmental time series from young tadpoles through adults in the poison frog Oophaga pumilio. We identified six genes that were differentially expressed between color patches in every developmental stage (casq1, hand2, myh8, prva, tbx3, and zic1). Of these, hand2, myh8, tbx3, and zic1 have either been identified or implicated as important in coloration in other taxa. Casq1 and prva buffer Ca2+ and are a Ca2+ transporter, respectively, and may play a role in preventing autotoxicity to pumiliotoxins, which inhibit Ca2+-ATPase activity. We identify further candidate genes (e.g., adh, aldh1a2, asip, lef1, mc1r, tyr, tyrp1, xdh), and identify a suite of hub genes that likely play a key role in integumental reorganization during development (e.g., collagen type I–IV genes, lysyl oxidases) which may also affect coloration via structural organization of chromatophores that contribute to color and pattern. Overall, we identify the putative role of a suite of candidate genes in the production of different color types in a polytypic, aposematic species.
Genuine Memory Deficits as Assessed by the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) in the Behavioural Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study
Authors: Macchitella Luigi , Tosi Giorgia , Giaquinto Francesco , Iaia Marika , Rizzi Ezia , Chiarello Ylenia , Bertoux Maxime , Angelelli Paola , Romano Daniele Luigi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe current diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) foresee a relative sparing of long-term memory. Although bvFTD patients were thought to report secondary memory deficits associated with prefrontal dysfunctions, some studies indicated the presence of a “genuine memory deficit” related to mesial temporal lobe dysfunctions. Among various neuropsychological tests, the Free and Cue Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) has been recommended to distinguish genuine from apparent amnesia. We conducted a systematic review and a random effect Bayesian meta-analysis to evaluate the nature and severity of memory deficit in bvFTD. Our objective was to determine whether the existing literature offers evidence of genuine or apparent amnesia in patients with bvFTD, as assessed via the FCSRT. On 06/19/2021, we conducted a search across four databases (PMC, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed). We included all studies that evaluated memory performance using the FCSRT in patients with bvFTD, as long as they also included either cognitively unimpaired participants or AD groups. We tested publication bias through the Funnel plot and Egger’s test. To assess the quality of studies, we used the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale adapted for cross-sectional studies. We included 16 studies in the meta-analysis. The results showed that bvFTD patients perform better than AD patients (pooled effects between 0.95 and 1.14), as their memory performance stands between AD and control groups (pooled effects between − 2.19 and − 1.25). Moreover, patients with bvFTD present both genuine and secondary memory disorders. As a major limitation of this study, due to our adoption of a rigorous methodology and stringent inclusion criteria, we ended up with just 16 studies. Nonetheless, our robust findings can contribute to the ongoing discussion on international consensus criteria for bvFTD and the selection of appropriate neuropsychological tools to facilitate the differential diagnosis between AD and bvFTD.
Hemispheric Asymmetry in TMS-Induced Effects on Spatial Attention: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Ting , de Graaf Tom , Tanner Lisabel , Schuhmann Teresa , Duecker Felix , Sack Alexander T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHemispheric asymmetry is a fundamental principle in the functional architecture of the brain. It plays an important role in attention research where right hemisphere dominance is core to many attention theories. Lesion studies seem to confirm such hemispheric dominance with patients being more likely to develop left hemineglect after right hemispheric stroke than vice versa. However, the underlying concept of hemispheric dominance is still not entirely clear. Brain stimulation studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) might be able to illuminate this concept. To examine the putative hemispheric asymmetry in spatial attention, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies applying inhibitory TMS protocols to the left or right posterior parietal cortices (PPC), assessing effects on attention biases with the landmark and line bisection task. A total of 18 studies including 222 participants from 1994 to February 2022 were identified. The analysis revealed a significant shift of the perceived midpoint towards the ipsilateral hemifield after right PPC suppression (Cohen’s d = 0.52), but no significant effect after left PPC suppression (Cohen’s d = 0.26), suggesting a hemispheric asymmetry even though the subgroup difference does not reach significance (p = .06). A complementary Bayesian meta-analysis revealed a high probability of at least a medium effect size after right PPC disruption versus a low probability after left PPC disruption. This is the first quantitative meta-analysis supporting right hemisphere-specific TMS-induced spatial attention deficits, mimicking hemineglect in healthy participants. We discuss the result in the light of prominent attention theories, ultimately concluding how difficult it remains to differentiate between these theories based on attentional bias scores alone.
Précis of Philosophy, Literature and Understanding: On Reading and Cognition
Authors: Mikkonen Jukka 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis précis gives an overview of my book Philosophy, Literature, and Understanding: On Reading and Cognition which is the subject of a book symposium in Philosophia. The overview covers the book’s four chapters that explore i) the nature of literary imagination, ii) the epistemic value of narratives, iii) the concepts of cognition, knowledge and understanding with regard to fiction, and iv) evidence for claims about the epistemic impact of literary works on their readers.
Understanding the Current Geographic Disposition of the Jewish Population of England and Wales: Growth and Contraction
Authors: Sapiro Philip 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe release in March/April 2023 of England and Wales 2021 Census complete data on “usual residents” by the Office for National Statistics provides an opportunity to analyze, understand and comment on the current geographic disposition of Anglo–Jewry. The analysis presented in this paper incorporates data from the 2001 and 2011 censuses, and makes use of a geodemographic assessment of Jewish communities developed from the 2011 census, setting the scene for changes which have taken place, particularly in the last 10 years. Estimates of the scale of births, deaths and net migration in the 2011–2021 period have been developed to explain why the changes in population have taken place. The potential impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the census results is also considered. A total of 26 sub-communities in the London and Manchester areas, together with 34 free-standing communities, each with more than 200 Jewish residents, have been analyzed in detail. Unexpected changes in Stamford Hill, Gateshead and Bristol are investigated. A total of 42 smaller communities (60–200 members) are also identified. The paper shows that an understanding of the socio-economic characteristic of each of the communities explains their changes in population since 2011, particularly when factors such as “meta-suburbanisation” in the London fringe area, the impact of student numbers in university towns, and special factors affecting Haredi areas are also taken into account. The picture presented is one of a stable (indeed slightly growing) overall population, but with a large variation in fortunes of the many communities which make up Anglo–Jewry.
American Jewish Chaplains: Adopting an American Form
Authors: Horowitz Bethamie , Cadge Wendy , Weisberg Joseph 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article represents the first field-wide treatment of American Jewish chaplains. As fewer Jews, like members of all religious backgrounds in the USA, are religiously affiliated and regularly join or participate in local congregations, Jews and other Americans will likely find ways to address their spiritual–religious needs outside of congregational life, in settings such as hospitals, military, universities, elder care, and other settings where “life happens.” Chaplains are religious professionals who work in these settings. While many people have done the work of chaplains—caring for others, attending to the dying, helping people engage with their spiritual–existential struggles—the evolution of those who consider themselves Jewish chaplains and their wrestling with the term chaplain, itself Christian, is at the center of the analyses offered here. We begin with a brief historical overview and then describe their work today. Our analysis is based on a series of historical and sociological inquiries carried out in 2021–2022. In the face of largely Protestant norms and expectations that shaped chaplaincy, American Jews—who made up the first non-Christian clergy to become chaplains in state and private settings—have engaged with and shifted the concept of chaplaincy and the training required to be eligible for these positions. The case of Jewish chaplains illuminates ways of navigating the seams of Jewishness in American life.
Examining How Headspace Impacts Mindfulness Mechanisms Over an 8-Week App-Based Mindfulness Intervention
Authors: Gavrilova Larisa , Zawadzki Matthew J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Theoretical work proposed that mindfulness interventions function by enhancing various mindfulness mechanisms, including acceptance, attention monitoring, decentering, self-compassion, and nonreactivity. However, much of what is currently known about the effects of mindfulness interventions on mindfulness mechanisms comes from studies assessing these mechanisms pre- and post-treatment, which provides limited insights into how these mechanisms develop over the course of a mindfulness intervention. The present randomized, waitlist-controlled trial investigated how the proposed mindfulness mechanisms change over the course of an 8-week app-based mindfulness intervention (Headspace).

Method
A sample of university employees (n = 132; 76.5% female; age M ± SD = 38.5 ± 11.1; 54.5% White) was randomly assigned to participate in a mindfulness intervention (n = 92) or to a waitlist control group (n = 40). Mindfulness mechanisms were assessed using ecological momentary assessment, with participants providing reports on mindfulness mechanisms five times daily for four days during the baseline (pre-treatment), 2nd, 5th, and 8th weeks, resulting in a total of 6,327 assessments.

Results
Changes in the mechanisms of acceptance-attention and nonreactivity were observed from the second week of the intervention onwards, with marginal effects for decentering. These effects showed a steady linear increase in the mindfulness group.

Conclusions
Results demonstrate the potential for rapid and sustained improvements in mindfulness mechanisms following an app-based mindfulness intervention.

Preregistration
The study was preregistered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03652168.
TRIP13 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration
Authors: Xue Jiapeng , Wu Hongfen , Shi Yun , Li Zhi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The overexpression of TRIP13 has been observed in many types of cancer and has been identified as an oncogene. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the expression of TRIP13 in HCC and its impact on immune cell infiltration and prognosis.

Methods
We analyzed TCGA and GSE62232 datasets to assess TRIP13 expression in HCC. Kaplan–Meier and subgroup analysis were performed to examine the correlation between TRIP13 expression and HCC. Univariate and Cox regression analysis were conducted to determine the predictive value of TRIP13 in assessing patient outcomes. A nomogram was developed using TRIP13 mRNA expression to predict HCC prognosis. TRIP13 expression was validated using immunohistochemistry in our patient cohort. Survival and subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the role of TRIP13 in HCC prognosis.

Results
The results indicated that TRIP13 upregulation in HCC was a strong independent predictor of poor outcome, as determined by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. A high AUC value of 0.982 from ROC curves suggested that TRIP13 upregulation could serve as a reliable diagnostic indicator for HCC. The immunohistochemical validation of TRIP13 expression in the patient cohort confirmed its prognostic significance, and high TRIP13 expression was found to be associated with increased infiltration of Th2 cells and decreased infiltration of neutrophils, Th17 cells, and dendritic cells.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that TRIP13 could be a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC.
Role of a Knowledge Leader to Strengthen Economy Through Project Success
Authors: Mubarak Namra , Khan Jabran , Riaz Asim , Jaafar Mastura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough the technical and behavioral aspects of project success have been given due attention by previous scholars, the behavioral aspect demands more attention since the project manager and its employees play a crucial role in determining the success of a project and economy in return. Therefore, this study tested the relationship between knowledge leadership (KL) and project success (PS), along with the mediating role of knowledge sharing (KS) and the moderating role of employees’ work-related curiosity (WRC). Data were collected in three-time lags from 258 employees from information technology (IT) organizations across Pakistan. Purposive sampling technique was employed to approach the respondents. It was found that knowledge leadership facilitated subordinates and created a knowledge sharing environment that enabled the co-workers to share their expertise to accomplish tasks. This study provokes that it is vital for the organizations to choose managers with knowledge leadership capabilities that will promote the ability of the employees to share knowledge and devise approaches to provoke curiosity. There is no previous study identifying the relationship between knowledge leadership and project success. However, innovativeness requires refined mechanisms of knowledge sharing for continuous improvement and corrections.
Obstacles in Identifying Sexual Harassment in Academia: Insights from Five European Countries
Authors: Hagerlid Mika , Štulhofer Aleksandar , Redert Anita , Jakić Irma , Schoon Wiebke , Westermann Melina , Deverchin Cynthia , de Graaf Hanneke , Janssen Erick , Löfgren Charlotta 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Experiences of sexual harassment are common among university students. At the same time, research shows that victims and bystanders find it difficult to determine when an incident meets the criteria for sexual harassment. The aim of this study therefore was to obtain a richer and deeper understanding of the obstacles that university students encounter in identifying sexual harassment in the academic environment.

Methods
Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with a total of 85 students at the bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral level in five European countries (Belgium, Croatia, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden) between 2020 and 2022. Thematic analysis was used to identify obstacles in identifying sexual harassment.

Results
The obstacles described by participants were found to fall into three main categories: (1) preconceived notions about what constitutes sexual harassment that did not necessarily concur with lived experiences, (2) navigating an often blurred or ambiguous line between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour and (3) the existence of competing interpretations of what had happened.

Conclusions
The results point to a gap between the participants’ lived experiences and their interpretations of them, which include difficulties positioning their experiences within their theoretical understanding of sexual harassment.

Policy Implications
Measures to counteract the obstacles faced by victims and bystanders in identifying sexual harassment in academia should target this cognitive gap, for instance by addressing the stereotypes that characterize preconceived notions about sexual harassment.
Reactions to science communication: discovering social network topics using word embeddings and semantic knowledge
Authors: de Lima Bernardo Cerqueira , Baracho Renata Maria Abrantes , Mandl Thomas , Porto Patricia Baracho 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSocial media platforms that disseminate scientific information to the public during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of the topic of scientific communication. Content creators in the field, as well as researchers who study the impact of scientific information online, are interested in how people react to these information resources. This study aims to devise a framework that can sift through large social media datasets and find specific feedback to content delivery, enabling scientific content creators to gain insights into how the public perceives scientific information, and how their behavior toward science communication (e.g., through videos or texts) is related to their information-seeking behavior. To collect public reactions to scientific information, the study focused on Twitter users who are doctors, researchers, science communicators, or representatives of research institutes, and processed their replies for two years from the start of the pandemic. The study aimed in developing a solution powered by topic modeling enhanced by manual validation and other machine learning techniques, such as word embeddings, that is capable of filtering massive social media datasets in search of documents related to reactions to scientific communication. The architecture developed in this paper can be replicated for finding any documents related to niche topics in social media data.
Was kommt nach Corona? Die Folgen der Pandemie für die Wirtschaft
Authors: Nölke Andreas 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Pandemie hat zum tiefsten wirtschaftlichen Einbruch seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg geführt. Wirtschaftliche Krisen haben in der Vergangenheit häufig einen Richtungswechsel in der Entwicklung des Kapitalismus bewirkt. Was sind die Folgen der Corona-Krise? Der Rezensionsaufsatz nimmt eine Bestandsaufnahme von 26 Büchern vor, die seit 2020 zum Thema Corona und Wirtschaft in Wirtschaftswissenschaft, kritischer Gesellschaftsforschung, Politischer Ökonomie und verwandten Disziplinen erschienen sind. Auch wenn die meisten Bücher klare Aussagen zur weiteren Entwicklung unseres Wirtschaftssystems vermeiden, lässt sich in der Zusammenschau der Beiträge ein gemeinsames Leitmotiv identifizieren. Sehr deutlich ist, dass in der nahen Zukunft ein weniger liberales Wirtschaftssystem erwartet wird. Deutlich gestärkt sehen die meisten Analysen jedenfalls den Staat, der in Zukunft wieder stärker in die Wirtschaft eingreifen wird, nicht nur zur sozialen und ökonomischen Stabilisierung nach der Pandemie, sondern auch bei der Bekämpfung des Klimawandels. Ob sich dieser Wandel auch in mehr sozialer Sicherheit und weniger Ungleichheit ausdrücken wird, bleibt aber unklar.