bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An observational field study of porcine post-weaning diarrhea: clinical and microbiological findings, and fecal pH-measurements as a potential diagnostic tool
Authors: Eriksen Esben Østergaard , Kudirkiene Egle , Barington Kristiane , Goecke Nicole Bakkegård , Blirup-Plum Sophie Amalie , Nielsen Jens Peter , Olsen John Elmerdahl , Jensen Henrik Elvang , Pankoke Karen , Larsen Lars Erik , Liu Gang , Pedersen Ken Steen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecently, in-feed medicinal zinc has been phased out in pig production in the European Union. This makes updated knowledge about porcine post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) crucial. The objectives of the present study were to investigate (i) the clinical presentation of PWD in pigs housed in Danish herds that did not use medicinal zinc, specifically the prevalence of diarrhea and whether PWD was associated to clinical signs of dehydration or altered body temperature; (ii) which microorganism are associated to PWD; and iii) whether measurements of the fecal pH have a potential to be used diagnostically to differentiate between infectious etiologies in cases of PWD.ResultsThe prevalence of diarrhea varied considerably between the outbreaks in the nine studied herds (median = 0.58, range = 0.10; 0.94). In a cross-sectional design (n = 923), diarrhea was associated with reduced rectal temperature and alkaline feces. Diarrhea was also associated with observably reduced skin elasticity, possibly indicating dehydration. In both diarrheic case pigs (n = 87) and control pigs (n = 86), the presence ofBrachyspira pilosicoli,Clostridium perfringens,Cryptosporidiumspp.,Cystoisopora suis,enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli,Lawsonia intracellularis, porcine circovirus types 2 and 3, rotavirus A, B, C, and H,Samonella enterica spp. enterica, andTrichuris suiswas described. PWD was associated with high levels of enterotoxigenicE. colishedding (odds ratio versus noE. colidetection = 4.79 [CI 1.14; 12.62]). Diarrhea was associated with high levels of rotavirus A shedding (odds ratio versus no/low rotavirus A = 3.80 [CI 1.33; 7.97]). The association between microbiological findings in diarrheic pigs and fecal pH was negligible.ConclusionsEnterotoxigenicE. coliwas confirmed to be a cause of PWD; however, cases of PWD where enterotoxigenicE. coliwas not detected in high levels occurred commonly, and this adds to the increasing evidence suggesting that PWD is not necessarily a result of enteric colibacillosis. Rotaviral enteritis might be a differential diagnosis of PWD. pH-measurements cannot be used to differentiate between differential diagnoses for PWD.
Predictive value of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride glycemic index for diabetes incidence in pre-diabetes patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sharafi Mehdi , Amiri Zahra , Pezeshki Babak , Mohsenpour Mohammad Ali , Eftekhari Mohammad Hassan , Afrashteh Sima , Haghjoo Elham , Farhadi Akram , Khaleghi Mohsen , Mastaneh Zahra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The triglyceride glucose (TyG) and triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c) are the indices that can predict the progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to examine the relationship between TyG and TG/HDL-c indices with the incidence of T2DM in pre-diabetes patients.

Methods
A total of 758 pre-diabetic patients aged 35–70 years who were enrolled in a prospective Fasa Persian Adult Cohort were followed up for 60 months. TyG and TG/HDL-C indices were obtained at baseline data and divided into quartiles. The 5-year cumulative incidence of T2DM was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis while controlling for baseline covariates.

Results
During 5 years of follow-up, there were 95 incident cases of T2DM, with an overall incidence rate of 12.53%. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, marital status, socioeconomic status, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, hypertension, total cholesterol, and dyslipidemia, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) demonstrated that patients with the highest TyG and TG/HDL-C indices quartile were at higher risk of T2DM (HR = 4.42, 95%CI 1.75–11.21) and (HR = 2.15, 95%CI 1.04–4.47), respectively, compared to participants in the lowest quartile. As the quantiles of these indices increase, the HR value shows a significant increment (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The results of our study showed that the TyG and TG/HDL-C indices can be important independent predictors for the progression of pre-diabetes to T2DM. Therefore, controlling the components of these indicators in pre-diabetes patients can prevent developing T2DM or delay its occurrence.
Twenty-two years of dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh: epidemiology, clinical spectrum, serotypes, and future disease risks
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Sorowar , Noman Abdullah Al , Mamun SM Abdullah Al , Mosabbir Abdullah Al 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne disease and has become a major public health threat, particularly for tropical and subtropical countries including Bangladesh. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the overall scenario of dengue, including disease burden, clinical spectrum, seroprevalence, circulating serotypes/genotypes, and spatial distribution since the first recorded outbreak in Bangladesh. Since the first recorded outbreak in 2000, dengue epidemiology has shown the typical epidemic pattern with more frequent and bigger outbreaks and gradual geographic expansion to non-endemic regions in Bangladesh. For instance, highly confined Rohingya refugee camps that provide shelters to nearly 1.2 million forcibly displaced vulnerable Myanmar nationals in Cox’s Bazar district confronted a massive outbreak in 2022. Recent major outbreaks are found to be associated with the emergence of serotype DENV-3, which was undetected for a long time. Consequently, changes in serotypes might be attributed to increased severity in clinical manifestation in recent years. The existing weak surveillance and risk management systems are inadequate to deal with impending dengue risks. The healthcare system, particularly at the district level, is not prepared to manage impending large-scale dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh. Our findings would contribute to the development of strategies for dengue control and management in Bangladesh as well as other similar settings elsewhere in the world.
Patient views of the good doctor in primary care: a qualitative study in six provinces in China
Authors: Wang Wenhua , Zhang Jinnan , Lu Jiao , Wei Xiaolin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundChina has been striving to train primary care doctors capable of delivering high-quality service through general practitioner training programs and family doctor team reforms, but these initiatives have not adequately met patient needs and expectations. In order to guide further reform efforts to better meet patient expectations, this study generates a profile of the good doctor in primary care from the patient perspective.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted in six provinces (Shandong, Zhejiang, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Heilongjiang) in China. A total of 58 interviewees completed the recorded interviews. Tape-based analysis was used to produce narrative summaries. Trained research assistants listened to the recordings of the interviews and summarized them by 30-s segments. Thematic analysis was performed on narrative summaries to identify thematic families.ResultsFive domains and 18 attributes were generated from the analysis of the interview data. The domains of the good doctor in primary care from the patient perspective were: strong Clinical Competency (mentioned by 97% of participants) and Professionalism & Humanism (mentioned by 93% of participants) during service delivery, followed by Service Provision and Information Communication (mentioned by 74% and 62% of participants, respectively). Moreover, Chinese patients expect that primary care doctors have high educational attainment and a good personality (mentioned by 41% of participants).ConclusionsThis five-domain profile of the good doctor in primary care constitutes a foundation for further primary care workforce capacity building. Further primary care reform efforts should reflect the patient views and expectations, especially in the family physician competency framework and primary care performance assessment system development. Meanwhile, frontline primary care organizations also need to create supportive environments to assist competent doctors practice in primary care, especially through facilitating the learning of primary care doctors and improving their well-being.
Assessment of bio-formulations of indigenous strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium robertsii and Metarhizium majus for management of the rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros L., in field
Authors: Manjunatha C. , Velavan V. , Rangeshwaran R. , Mohan M. , Kandan A. , Sivakumar G. , Shylesha A. N. , Kumar M. K. Prasanna , Pramesh D. , Sujithra M. , Ranganath H. K. , Sushil S. N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Among all the coconut pests, rhinoceros beetle causes acute and serious damage to coconut palm. Management of this pest is very difficult due to its nocturnal activity, and also, it damages the emerging leaf inside the bud. Management of rhinoceros beetle using entomopathogens will be of great importance as it is economical and ecofriendly. Studies were carried out to decipher the biocontrol potential of indigenous entomopathogenic bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis) and entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium robertsii and M. majus) against Oryctes rhinoceros in the field, individually as well as in combination, by soil drench as well as by topical spray method.

Results
The study showed that B. thuringiensis strain NBAIR-BTAN4 showed 24.8% mortality at 5th week in soil drench method and 24% mortality in topical spray method. M. robertsii showed 24% mortality at 5th week in soil drench method as well as topical spray method. Similarly, M. majus showed 24% mortality in soil drench method and 23.2% in topical spray method at 5th week. In combination, NBAIR-BTAN4 + M. robertsii showed 40.8 and 44% in soil drench and topical spray method at 5th week, respectively. Combination of NBAIR-BTAN4 + M. majus showed 44.8 and 40.8% in soil drench and topical spray method at 5th week, respectively. Combination of NBAIR-BTAN4 + M. robertsii + M. majus showed 52.8 and 57.6% mortality at 5th week in soil drench and topical spray method, respectively.

Conclusion
The present study showed application B. thuringiensis in combination with M. robertsii and M. majus is effective in management rhinoceros beetle in coconut orchard. Study also indicated that soil drench method is more promising strategy than topical spray method in managing larval population of the beetles and also confirmed that B. thuringiensis, M. robertsii and M. majus are compatible and they seemed to have a synergistic effect in controlling the pest in coconut orchard.
Finding out various potentials and possibilities of jackfruit seed and its usage in the industry: a review
Authors: Brahma Rangina , Ray Subhajit 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the fact that jackfruit seeds have been demonstrated to contain a variety of beneficial nutrients or bioactive components that add real value to meals, they remain underutilized due to limited commercial jackfruit production. They include a wide variety of nutrient-dense components, including as starch, fibre, phytonutrients, protein, minerals, lectins, as well as beneficial components like phenols and flavonoids. This review focuses on the significant findings regarding starch extraction techniques and different conventional and novel modification techniques and their influence on functional properties of jackfruit seed. Jackfruit seeds are primarily rich in seed starch (70–85%), which is used in food processing and other areas as thickeners, stabilizer, microencapsulating agent, coagulants, bioplastics etc. and provide significant health benefits. Applicability of jackfruit seed starch is also well established. There is a significant impact on jackfruit seed processing using different techniques in order to achieve versatile nutritional and functional components. The creation of composite films, starch, food items, bioethanol, pigments, and medical applications are the key areas of ongoing study. This paper was developed by analysing more than 150 scientific publications including recent studies of various researchers, with a primary focus on the features of jackfruit seeds.Graphical Abstract
Surgical Apgar Score can help predict postoperative cardiopulmonary complication and reoperation in lung cancer resection
Authors: Özgür Yücel , Doğru Mustafa Vedat 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Bleeding due to lung resection increases the risk of cardiopulmonary complications and hospital stay. Surgical massive bleeding is associated with a high rate of mortality. In this study, our aim is to determine the effectiveness of Surgical Apgar Score in predicting complications and reoperation in the short term. Peroperative data of 405 patients aged 18–82 who underwent lung resection (pneumonectomy, lobectomy, wedge) and were operated consecutively were recorded.

Results
Pulmonary complication developed in 38 (9.4%) of the patients, cardiac complication in 104 (25.7%), acute kidney failure in 8 (1.9%), and cerebrovascular accident in 1 (0.2%). Reoperation was performed in 24 (5.9%) patients due to bleeding. The Surgical Apgar Score was found to predict postoperative complications well for a value of < 6 (area under the curve = 0.745, 95%CI 0.710–0.7770, p < 0.001). When Surgical Apgar Score were evaluated together with receiver operating characteristic, the ability of Surgical Apgar Score to predict reoperation was found to be statistically significant (area under the curve = 0.777, 95%CI 0.671–0.883, p < 0.001. Accordingly, age, resection type, blood loss, heart rate, SAS score, intraoperative blood transfusion, and postoperative blood transfusion were independent risk factors affecting the development of complications. It was determined that the only independent risk factor affecting the development of mortality was postoperative blood transfusion. It was determined that the independent risk factors affecting ICU development were resection type, blood loss, SAS score, and postoperative blood transfusion.

Conclusion
In our study, the Surgical Apgar Scoring System was found to be sufficient in predicting cardiac and respiratory complications. Patients with a low postoperative Surgical Apgar Score should be followed carefully in terms of postoperative complications and reoperation. Surgical Apgar Score can be a useful scoring method in predicting the prognosis of patients who underwent lung cancer resection in the postoperative period.
Individual-level associations between implementation leadership, climate, and anticipated outcomes: a time-lagged mediation analysis
Authors: Egeland Karina Myhren , Borge Randi Hovden , Peters Nadina , Bækkelund Harald , Braathu Nora , Sklar Marisa , Aarons Gregory A. , Skar Ane-Marthe Solheim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Leaders can improve implementation outcomes by developing an organizational climate conducive to the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBP). This study tested the lagged associations between individual-level perceptions of implementation leadership, implementation climate, and three anticipated implementation outcomes, that is EBP acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility.

Methods
Screening tools and treatment methods for posttraumatic stress disorder were implemented in 43 Norwegian mental health services. A sample of 494 child and adult mental health care professionals (M = 43 years, 78% female) completed surveys addressing perceptions of first-level leaders’ (n = 47) implementation leadership and their clinics’ implementation climate. Single-level structural equation models estimating both direct, indirect, and total effects were used to investigate whether perceived implementation climate mediated the association between perceived implementation leadership and perceived acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of screening tools and treatment methods.

Results
Regarding the treatment methods, implementation leadership was associated with therapists’ perceptions of acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. Implementation climate also mediated between implementation leadership and the outcomes. Regarding the screening tools, implementation leadership was not associated with the outcomes. However, implementation climate mediated between implementation leadership and therapists’ perceptions of acceptability and feasibility, but not appropriateness. Analyses with the implementation climate subscales showed stronger associations for therapists’ perceptions of the treatment methods than of screening tools.

Conclusions
Leaders may promote positive implementation outcomes, both directly and through implementation climate. With regard to the effect sizes and explained variance, results indicated that both implementation leadership and implementation climate were more strongly associated with the therapists’ perceptions of the treatment methods, implemented by one group of therapists, than the screening tools, implemented by all therapists. This may imply that implementation leadership and climate may have stronger effects for smaller implementation teams within a larger system than for system-wide implementations or when the clinical interventions being implemented are more complex rather than simple ones.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials NCT03719651, 25 October 2018.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy as an acute treatment of a right posterior hepatic duct injury: a case report
Authors: Rodriguez Zamboni Jose Agustin , Ruiz Diaz Paloma , Peña Maria Elena , Iglesia Fernando , Pfaffen Guillermo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remains as the gold standard of surgical treatment for gallstone disease. Biliary duct injury (BDI) is an infrequent but serious complication of LC. Strasberg's critical view is a useful strategy to minimize the risk of a BDI. However, BDIs could still happen. Variations of the right posterior hepatic duct (RPHD) are common. The surgical treatment of RPHD injury is challenging and literature on this matter is scarce.

Case summary
Aberrant drainage of the right posterior hepatic duct (RPHD) into the gallbladder neck was unexpectedly identified in a 43-year-old man during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intraoperative consultation with a specialized Hepatobiliary surgeon was accomplished and a laparoscopic anastomosis between the RPHD and the jejunum with a Roux-en-Y reconstruction was carried out. The operation was uneventful with no long-term complication reported over a 12-month follow-up period.

Conclusion
Aberrant implantation of the RPHD into the gallbladder neck must be borne in mind despite its low incidence. Previous studies reporting the management of this injury are scarce. In our case, a laparoscopic Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with the RPHD by an experienced HPB surgeon was a successful strategy to solve this difficult case.
Assessment of respiratory health status of workers in flour mills of Assiut
Authors: Elghazally Shimaa A. , Zayet Hussein H. , Elkholy Maha M. , Alkarn Ayah A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Working environment should not present a risk of injury or disease but many thousands of workers worldwide remain exposed to hazardous substances particularly in developing countries. Flour dust is one of those hazardous substances to which the flour mills workers are exposed to, inhalation of flour dust may cause diverse lung diseases with different severity of symptoms ranging from simple irritation to allergic reaction and chronic respiratory disorders, including asthma. Therefore, the present study was done to detect the prevalence of respiratory problems among flour mills workers.

Methods
The study was carried out in the flour mills of Assiut, it was a cross-sectional study among 203 workers. The study instruments were a semi-structured questionnaire about respiratory symptoms, chest examination and pulmonary function tests (PFT).

Results
The age of the study workers ranged from 19 to 60 years old, 94.1% were males, 50.7% were from urban regions. Pulmonary function abnormalities were found in 36.4% of them and 20.7% were diagnosed with bronchial asthma. Significant relationships were detected between abnormal pulmonary function tests and workers ≥ 40 years old, low educational level and those who worked in the flour mills for ≥ 10 years.

Conclusions
Flour dust cause respiratory symptoms and impair the pulmonary function of the flour mills workers and they may develop bronchial asthma which affect their work efficiency.

Recommendations
Medical care must be provided regularly to the flour mills workers and safety measures are mandatory.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03678519. Registered August 10, 2022.
Characterizing petroleum in source-rock core samples using HRGC data
Authors: Kornacki Alan S. 
Published: July 2023

Solvent extracts obtained from center-cut horizontal core plugs selected in the Upper Wolfcamp (UW) and Eagle Ford source-rock (SR) beds contain unaltered volatile (i.e., gasoline range) hydrocarbon (HC) compounds because they are extracted in a closed vial. Therefore, a C7 source parameter, a C7 maturity parameter, and pristane/phytane ratios are used to compare the source and thermal maturity of these petroleum and oil samples produced from nearby wells landed in the same SR reservoirs. Five distinct pay zones previously identified in the UW SR reservoir using geologic criteria each contain slightly different kinds of petroleum generated at different levels of thermal maturity. A thick overlying carbonate reservoir contains the kind of petroleum generated by the kerogen present in one underlying SR pay zone. The same source and maturity parameters demonstrate that the oil-prone kerogen present in the Eagle Ford SR beds in core plugs selected from wells located ≈7.5 mi (12 km) apart on the San Marcos Arch in South Texas formed in different depositional environments. It is difficult to allocate commingled oil samples using only core-plug extracts because solvents extract the producible oil plus a component that does not readily flow from SR reservoirs because it is sorbed in kerogen and/or on clay minerals. However, because only saturate HC compounds are used to determine the C7 source and maturity parameters, they provide valuable insights about the nature of the free oil present in SR reservoirs and commingled oil samples.