bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling spatial and temporal correlation in multi-assessment perennial crop variety selection trials using a multivariate autoregressive model
Authors: De Faveri J. , Verbyla A. P. , Culvenor R. A. 
Published: May 2023

Context Perennial crop variety selection trials are often conducted over several seasons or years. These field trials often exhibit spatial correlation between plots. When data from multiple assessment times are analysed, it is necessary to account for both spatial and temporal correlation. A current approach is to use linear mixed models with separable spatial and temporal residual covariance structures. A limitation of these separable models is that they assume the same spatial correlation structure for each assessment time, which may not hold in practice. Aims This study aims to provide more flexible methods for modelling the spatio-temporal correlation in multi-assessment perennial crop data, allowing for differing spatial parameters for each time, together with modelling genetic effects over time. Methods The paper investigates the suitability of two-directional invariant multivariate autoregressive (2DIMVAR1) models for analysis of multi-assessment perennial crop data. The analysis method is applied to persistence data from a pasture breeding trial. Key results The multivariate autoregressive spatio-temporal residual models are a significant improvement on separable residual models under different genetic models. The paper demonstrates how to fit the models in practice using the software ASReml-R. Conclusions A flexible modelling approach for multi-assessment perennial crop data is presented, allowing differing spatial correlation parameters for each time. The models allow investigation into genotype × time interactions, while optimally accounting for spatial and temporal correlation. Implications The models provide improvements on current approaches and hence will result in more accurate genetic predictions in multi-assessment perennial crop variety selection trials.
Transcriptome analysis reveals wax and phytohormone metabolism potentially involved in shooting shrivelling of apple branches overwinter
Authors: Gao Yanlong , Zhang Zhongxing , Wang Shuangcheng , Ma Naiying , Wang Yanxiu 
Published: May 2023

Shoot shrivelling severely threatens growth and development of deciduous trees in the northern hemisphere, and we observed that there was a significant difference in shoot shrivelling rate between different apple varieties in practice. In this study, we investigated the anatomical and physiological characteristics of branches from different germplasm resources combined with an analysis of the transcriptome. Transcriptomes of samples treated in the initial dormancy, deep dormancy and freeze–thaw periods were generated and characterised. In three different periods, 7233 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified including 3538 upregulated genes and 3695 downregulated genes. DEGs related to plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, cutin, suberin and wax biosynthesis were significantly enriched. Physiological characterisation showed that dormancy overwinter can induce the accumulation of soluble sugar and starch, shoot shrivelling rate of ‘Fuji’ was 2.31 times that of the ‘Delicious’; and the critical water content of ‘Delicious’ was significantly higher than ‘Fuji’. Phytohormone contents and proportions varied irregularly according to the overwintering phase among two varieties. Wax content, morphology and composition also exhibited difference. In conclusion, branch microstructure, phytohormone and wax metabolism all determined the overwintering performance of trees and phytohormones can regulate wax metabolism to ensure normal overwintering of trees.
Conventions of author self-reference in Chinese academic writing
Authors: Chen Rong , Yang Dafu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we report on how authors of academic writing in Chinese (AWC) refer to themselves as single authors
in the area of language studies. We find that AWC writers rely on the 1st-person plural 我们
women “we,” 3rd-person NPs such as 作者/笔者 zuozhe/bizhe “this author,” and inanimate NPs such as
本文 benwen “this
article/paper” for self-reference. Based on these findings and subsequent surveys of journal style guides and interviews of
authors, we propose that (1) these self-referring expressions are a set of conventions; (2) the motivation for these conventions
is modesty, a deep-routed value of Chinese society; and (3) these expressions serve as indexicals to the writers’ identity of a
modest scholar in the particular discursive context: the genre of academic writing. By so doing, our work links language use to
social values, to identity studies, as well as to genre analysis, thus contributing to the literature in all these fields of
investigation.
“Trust X, because Y”
Authors: Yang Kun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Trust is of great importance in modern society, but few studies look at it from a linguistic perspective. This
paper explores the discourses of trust based on the data from the BLCU Chinese Corpus (BCC). This paper finds that the
communicator’s inner states of trust, suspicion, or distrust could be revealed through various metalanguage labels. This paper
also indicates several trustworthiness cues that would help determine whom to trust, including (i) the speaker’s credibility,
image, and identity, (ii) the relation between speaker and hearer, and (iii) the information being addressed. Further quantitative
analysis demonstrates that credibility plays a vital role in trust building, diminishing, or breaking. Besides, the communicators’
image or relation contributes to their trust-building, but there will be suspicion or distrust if their identity is not as
expected. This paper will contribute to the theoretical understanding of trust from a linguistic perspective and an account of how
people maintain trust in interpersonal communication.
Serum metabolomic adaptations following a 12‐week high‐intensity interval training combined to citrulline supplementation in obese older adults
Authors: Youssef Layale , Durand Sylvère , Aprahamian Fanny , Lefevre Deborah , Bourgin Mélanie , Maiuri Maria Chiara , Dulac Maude , Hajj‐Boutros Guy , Marcangeli Vincent , Buckinx Fanny , Peyrusqué Eva , Morais José A. , Gaudreau Pierrette , Gouspillou Gilles , Kroemer Guido , Aubertin‐Leheudre Mylène , Noirez Philippe 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTPhysical activity and nutrition play important roles in preventing adverse health outcomes that accompany aging. It has been shown that high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with citrulline (CIT) supplementation can improve physical and functional capacities. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum metabolites following a 12‐week HIIT combined or not with CIT in obese older adults, and to correlate the metabolic changes with clinico‐biological parameters changes. Eighty‐six obese older adults completed a 12‐week HIIT program combined with a 10 g daily supplementation of either CIT or placebo (PLA) during a double‐blinded randomized interventional trial. Only participants with blood samples at T0 (before the intervention) and/or T12 (after the intervention) were included in our sub‐analysis (HIIT‐PLA‐T0: n = 44 and HIIT‐PLA‐T12: n = 28; HIIT‐CIT‐T0: n = 39 and HIIT‐CIT‐T12: n = 42). Serum samples were analyzed by different liquid or gas phase chromatography methods coupled to mass spectrometry. Among the identified metabolites, 44 changed significantly following the 12‐week intervention (Time effect), and 10 of them were more affected when HIIT was combined with CIT (Time × Supp effect). Arginine increased significantly due to the 12‐week intervention. Correlation analyses demonstrated that decreased triglyceride (TG) (16:1/18:1/16:0) and aspartic acid significantly correlated with a reduction of adiposity‐related parameters (fat mass, leg lean mass, leptin, total triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein). Arginine, TG (16:1/18:1/16:0) and aspartic acid might constitute biomarkers of cardiometabolic health and adiposity. Further studies are needed to confirm these associations and understand the underlying mechanisms.Highlights

A 12‐week intervention involving high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) with or without citrulline (CIT) supplementation induced adaptations in the serum metabolome of obese older adults through significant changes in 44 metabolites.
Changes in 23 metabolites were observed when a CIT supplementation was administered along with a 12‐week HIIT intervention.
TG (16:1/18:1/16:0) correlated with several adiposity parameters including leptin, triglycerides, legs lean mass.
Aspartic acid correlated with several adiposity parameters including leptin, LDL cholesterol as well as android, arms and trunk fat mass.
Ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy for remote detection of chlorine gas
Authors: Walter A. , Wilsenack F. , Wolf T. , Duschek F. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As a primary material frequently used in industry, chlorine is relatively easy to obtain
and available even in large quantities. Despite its high toxicity, molecular chlorine is readily
available since it is an essential educt in the chemical industry. Over the past decades, numerous
accidents involving injured and dead victims have occurred. Furthermore, it was already misused as
a warfare agent at the beginning of the last century with still reported attacks. Early
detection, localization, and monitoring of sources and cloud movements are essential for
protecting stationary facilities, mobile operations, and the public. In contrast to most chemical
hazardous materials, where it is possible to detect them by vibrational spectroscopic methods
(e.g., passive hyper-spectral absorption technologies in the infrared), halogens are inactive to
infrared absorption. Raman-based technologies rely on changes in the polarizability of the
molecule and provide vibrational-spectroscopic access to such diatomic molecules and therefore
close the gap in infrared detection capabilities. Here we present a straightforward approach for
a standoff Raman detector in a backscattering configuration. This paper uses a simplified model to
discuss optimum excitation wavelengths in achievable detection ranges. We validate the model by
spontaneous (vibrational) Raman spectroscopic measurements between 20 and 60 m standoff
distance. We also briefly discuss detection performances and technical and physical aspects as
prospects of system design.
Study of plasma parameters in high enthalpy ICP-heated wind tunnel by using single Langmuir probe
Authors: Deng Weifeng , Liu Yanming , Li Rui , Zhang Jia , Li Xiaoping , Bao Weimin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a single probe (SP) has been designed for study plasma parameters of High enthalpy ICP-heated wind tunnel. It is found that the electron temperature in the core region is about 2.4 eV and that in the edge region is about 3–4 eV. At the maximum power of the High Enthalpy ICP-heated wind tunnel, the electron density reach 4.34 × 1013 cm-3. Meanwhile, the radial electron density distribution of SP is numerically integrated to calculate the line integral density, which is compared with the line integral density measured by 890 GHz HCN laser interferometer. The results show that the probe diagnosis results have the same trend as the laser diagnosis results. The line integral electron density measured by SP is 0.8 times higher than that measured by the HCN interferometer.
The development of spectroscopic personal radiation detectors (SPRDs) for large area deployment
Authors: Qu Jinhui , Lei Jiarong , Liu Zibiao , Zhang Xiongjie , Zhang Haoran , Yuan Yonggang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a type of spectroscopic personal radiation detectors (SPRDs) is developed, which can be used for large area early warning of radiation. The detector (about 240 g, 130 mm× 80 mm× 24 mm) enable the measurement of neutron and γ energy spectrum, and it can run for 12 h on battery power. The neutron detection module uses a planar 6Li glass scintillation crystal. The optical conversion and transmission of the scintillator is realized by using a wavelength shifting fiber (WLSF), and the photoelectric signal conversion is realized by using SiPM. The energy resolution of the thermal neutron peak is 15.5%. A better n/γ screening effect is obtained by using the amplitude screening method. The γ detection module uses CsI (Tl) scintillation crystals with SiPM to realize the photoelectric signal conversion with an average energy resolution of 6.3% (@661 keV). The detector has realized communication with Android cell phone through Bluetooth communication, and radiation monitoring software has been developed on the Android to transmit real-time monitoring data to the server for analysis and early warning, which realize large area abnormal radiation warning.
Call of duty: recommissioning an old HPGe detector
Authors: Lagaki V. , Siltzovalis G. , Angelopoulou V. , Vasileiou P. , Madesis I. , Mertzimekis T.J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A decommissioned p-type, co-axial HPGe detector has been recently brought
back to operational mode in an effort to build a γ-ray spectroscopy
station at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens dedicated for
environmental radioactivity studies. The detector was fully characterized
prior to and during its operation to obtain detailed information on its
linear response, efficiency and energy resolution. The geometrical features
of the HPGe crystal were studied with a combination of X-ray CT,
γ-ray tomography and detailed simulations with both MCNP5 and Geant4.
A 3D reconstruction of the crystal was attempted using the recorded data to
examine its overall placement and alignment inside the enclosure. Due to the
prolonged inactivity, the crystal integrity and the dead layer expected to
develop over the years were additionally studied. The results show that after
about three decades of inactivity, the active volume of the crystal has been
reduced significantly, an effect having an impact on its quality features
(resolution, efficiency). Overall, the detector was found to perform
substantially well.
Lift enhancement of a butterfly-like flapping wing vehicle by reinforcement learning algorithm
Authors: Xiong Min , Wei Zhen , Yang Yunjie , Chen Qin , Liu XiYan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In order to enhance the take-off lift of a butterfly-like flapping wing vehicle (FWV), we implemented an integrated experimental platform and applied a reinforcement learning algorithm. The vehicle, which has a wingspan of 81 cm and is mounted on a stand with a force sensor, is driven by two servos that are powered and controlled wirelessly. To achieve the goal of enhancing take-off lift, we used a model-free, on-policy actor-critic proximal policy optimization algorithm. After 300 learning steps, the average aerodynamic lift force increased significantly from 0.044 N to 0.861 N. This enhanced lift force was sufficient to meet the take-off requirements of the vehicle without the need for any additional aids or airflow. Additionally, we observed a strong lift peak in the upstroke after analyzing the learning results. Further experiments showed that this lift peak is directly related to the elastic release of the wing twist and the opening and closing of the gap between the forewing and hindwing in the early stage of the upstroke. These findings were not easily predicted or discovered using traditional aerodynamic methods. This work provides valuable reinforcement learning experience for the future development of FWVs.
Towards carbon-neutral sustainable development of China
Authors: Lin Jintai , Nie Ji , Wang Tao , Yue Xu , Cai Wenjia , Liu Yu , Zhang Qiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As a major economy with large amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and ecosystem carbon sink, China’s commitment and pathway towards carbon neutrality is of global importance. Faced with the dual challenges of sustained economic growth and environmental protection, there is pressing need to integrate scientific knowledge from multiple disciplines to support policymaking on emission mitigation and carbon sink enhancement. This focus issue, with a companion workshop with the same theme, offers an opportunity to meet such need. With a total of 21 published papers, the focus issue provides more solid evidence of intensifying weather extremes caused by anthropogenic emissions, evaluates the potential of exploitation of terrestrial carbon sink which is in turn under the threat of warming, and reveals the challenges and opportunities of anthropogenic emission mitigation from perspectives of GHG types, economic sectors, environmental co-benefits, and disproportional impacts across the stakeholders. A comprehensive framework to combine data and models from related disciplines is a crucial next step to form integrated information much needed for climate action.
Effect of carrier doping on the electronic states of earth-abundant Fe–Al–Si thermoelectric materials
Authors: Tsuda Shunsuke , Yoshinari Asako , Takezawa Shingo , Ohishi Kenta , Nagamura Naoka , Zhang Wenxiong , Iwasaki Yutaka , Takagiwa Yoshiki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Fe–Al–Si-based thermoelectric (FAST) materials are non-toxic and low-cost materials that can be used for autonomous power supplies to drive internet-of-things wireless sensor devices. The conduction type can be controlled by changing the Al/Si ratio, which is suitable for fabricating reliable thermoelectric power-generation modules consisting of materials with similar thermal expansion coefficients. In this work, we evaluated the electronic structures of p- and n-type FAST materials with relatively large absolute values of the Seebeck coefficient by photoemission spectroscopy to obtain deeper insight into controlling the p-n characteristics of FAST materials. The core-level spectra suggested that the FAST materials have a covalent bonding nature. The chemical-potential shift should be the dominant factor of the core-level shift, which is consistent with the expected behavior of carrier doping of thermoelectric semiconductors, that is, rigid-band-like behavior. The size of the core-level shift of ∼0.15 eV is close to the band gap of ∼0.18 eV obtained from transport measurements. The observed electronic structure can qualitatively explain the experimental results.
Investigating the effects of gold and titania nanoparticles in the treatment of breast cancer using a compressed breast phantom in the presence of high intensity low mono-energetic x-ray radiation
Authors: Sadremomtaz A , Dalili N 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Today, with the advancement of nanotechnology, nanomaterials with high atomic numbers such as gold and titania nanoparticles can be specifically concentrated in tumor cells in various ways and benefited from the advantage of increasing the dose due to the proximity of these elements next to cancer cells as a radiation sensitizer. In this research, parameters such as radiation energy (in the range of kilo voltage), nanoparticles concentration, and tumor depth were investigated in the compressed breast phantom by using the MCNPX code to investigate the effect of radio sensitivity. The tumor in the form of a cube with sides of 0.5 cm was labeled with spherical nanoparticles of titania and gold with a radius of 70 nm with different concentrations. The results showed that exposure to the range of kilo voltage causes photoelectric absorption to occur with a high probability and a relatively large dose is delivered to the tumor. The energy that can cause the most damage to the tumor was obtained at 65 keV in the presence of gold nanoparticles and in the range of 40 to 45 keV in the presence of titania nanoparticles. Also, with increasing concentration the dose enhancement factor increases, but with increasing depth, for dose enhancement factor does not change.
Improved fatigue resistance in transfer-printed flexible circuits embedded in polymer substrates with low melting temperatures
Authors: Chalklen Thomas , Smith Michael , Kar-Narayan Sohini 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Flexible electronics are of great interest and importance due to their applications in a range of fields, from wearable electronics to solar cells. Whilst resolutions of printed flexible electronics have been improving in recent years, there remain problems with mechanical fatigue and substrate cost, curtailing the use of such devices and resulting in increased cost and waste products. Here we present a novel method for improving the fatigue resistance of printed flexible electronics by a factor of ∼40 by sintering the electronics prior to transferring them into low-cost polymer substrates, such that they remain embedded. This method is demonstrated using circuits printed using silver nanoparticulate ink with an aerosol jet printer, and could be applicable to multiple different metallic inks. At the same time, this method can be used to transfer print circuits into polymers with low melting temperatures, without the need for otherwise detrimentally high sintering temperatures required for ink curing.
Assessment of public and private land cover change in the United States from 1985–2018
Authors: Healey Nathan C , Taylor Janis L , Auch Roger F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An assessment of annual land cover on publicly and privately managed lands across the conterminous United States (CONUS) from 1985–2018 was performed, including land cover conversions within their management category, to inform future policy and land-use decision-making in natural resource management. Synthesizing land cover data with land management delineations aids our ability to address effects of land management decisions by public or private entities. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) version 2.1 data delineate land management categories and enable examination of land cover composition and change using the USGS Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) reference data. Average composition of our delineated CONUS results using LCMAP land cover classes is 40% Grass/Shrub (GS), 29% Tree Cover (TC), 18% Cropland (CP), 5% Developed (DV), 5% Wetland (WL), 1.8% Water (WR), and 0.9% Barren (BN). Private (public) land is composed of 35% (52%) GS, 27% (36%) TC, 25% (1%) CP, 7% (1%) DV, 5% (5%) WL, 2% (2%) WR, and less than 1% (3%) BN. Land cover change averaged less than 1% per year. The largest net percentage gains across CONUS were in DV land and GS, and the greatest net losses were in CP and TC. Approximately 73% of CONUS is private land and, thus, land cover change across CONUS is largely a reflection of private land change dynamics. Private compositional changes show net gains from 1985–2018 in DV (2.3%), WR (0.2%), and GS (0.1%) classes, while net losses occurred in CP (−1.9%), TC (−0.6%), WL (−0.1%), and BN (−0.01%). Public land cover changes show net gains in GS (1%), DV (0.2%), WR (0.01%), WL (0.05%), and BN (0.1%) classes, and net losses in CP (−0.3%) and TC (−1%). Our study reveals connections between land cover conversion and various policy and socioeconomic decisions through time.