bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to assess the electrical quality of solar cell interconnection in shingle solar modules
Authors: Weber Julian , Roessler Torsten 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work deals with the resistance induced by interconnecting shingle solar cells by means of an electrically conductive adhesive (ECA), which is labeled Rint throughout the work. A new approach to measure Rint directly from shingle joints of actual strings is presented and evaluated. For non‐laminated strings and two different ECAs that are applied as a continuous line on shingles with an edge length of 158.75 mm, similar interconnection resistance Rint ≈ 2.5 mΩ is found. In a full‐size shingle module, such an interconnection resistance would result in a cell‐to‐module loss of around ΔPMPP = −0.8%. Another aspect of the present work is to increase the awareness that in case Rint is unknown, it is not trivial to assess the electrical interconnection quality (of different ECAs, different amounts of the same ECA, etc.). It is demonstrated experimentally that the string/module fill factor can be highly sensitive to current mismatch and is thus not an ideal representative of Rint. The power at maximum power point PMPP tends to indicate Rint differences even less clearly. By simulating virtual strings from a pool of slightly varying shingle I–V curves, it is shown that a more suitable representative of Rint is a quantity that can be derived from the string's/module's dark I–V curve.
Association of patent ductus arteriosus with extubation failure among preterm infants
Authors: Gupta Dhruv , Greenberg Rachel G. , Natarajan Girija , Jani Sanket , Sharma Amit , Cotten Michael , Thomas Ronald , Chawla Sanjay 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMechanical ventilation is associated with mortality/morbidities in preterm infants. Nearly a third of these infants fail extubation, and this may increase morbidities.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of moderate to large symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with failure of extubation among preterm infants.MethodsThis was a retrospective study on preterm infants (birth weight <1250 g and gestational age ≥23 weeks) born between January 2009 and December 2016, who were mechanically ventilated and extubated within the first 60 days of age.ResultsThree hundred and sixty infants were evaluated, of these, 26% failed, and 74% succeeded in the initial extubation attempt. On adjusted analysis, symptomatic PDA was associated with an increased risk of extubation failure.ConclusionThe presence of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus was associated with extubation failure. Further investigations are needed to establish whether there is a causal relationship between PDA and extubation failure and whether proactive screening for presence of PDA and treatment of the same, before extubation among these infants, improves chances of successful extubation and cardiorespiratory outcomes.
Accident consequence assessment of benzene leakage from storage tank in a chemical park in Bengbu City, China
Authors: Zhou Mi , Xu Chao , Xu Xiaoguang , Li Xi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBenzene is widely used in chemical industries and has a high potential to cause damage. The release of benzene from storage tanks can generate threats to workers, facilities, and the environment. The effects and consequences of benzene release from a storage tank during the dry and rainy seasons were investigated with the Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) software program. Risk distributions were obtained through threat zones classified by red, orange, and yellow colors. The results showed that the maximum hazard areas related to benzene vapor cloud and flammability in rainy seasons were greater than those in the dry seasons. There was no significant difference in the consequences of the thermal radiation from pool fire and the Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) scenario in both the rainy and dry seasons. The maximum threat zones were determined to be 2200 and 305 m for the toxic benzene vapor cloud and the flammable area, respectively. The consequences of the pool fire and BLEVE scenario of benzene were at a distance of 101 and 3600 m from the storage tank, respectively. This study is expected to play an important role for decision‐makers in preventing benzene‐related accident risks and to reducing loss.
Robotic system for magnetic resonance imaging‐guided high‐intensity focus ultrasound application: Feasibility of breast fibroadenoma treatment
Authors: Liu Depeng , Shen Guofeng , Tang Na , Lu Huaxin , Wei Bo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeThis paper presents a high‐intensity focus ultrasound (HIFU) robotic system for treating breast fibroadenoma under the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on the thermal and mechanical effects of ultrasound, the system aims to deliver ultrasound energy to a target precisely without damaging the normal tissue. The temperature elevation can be monitored in real time by MRI, and the treatment plan can be adjusted during the procedure. The requirements, design specifications, control system and registration of the robotic system are specified.MethodsThe robotic system was designed with a 3 degrees of freedom manipulator with limit switches and encoders, a customised MRI‐compatible breast coil, a water bladder with sets of breast‐conforming brackets, and a probe capable of generating ultrasound. Twenty volunteers were recruited for this study, and their data were analysed to provide more precise data for the design. The accuracy of the robot was evaluated in free space using a coordinate measuring machine, phantom and ex vivo porcine tissue in MRI room. The study also verified the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the MRI with the effect of the robotic system.ResultsThe research findings revealed that the manipulator exhibited a translational precision of 0.10 ± 0.14 mm, a rotational fidelity around the X direction of 0.11 ± 0.09°, and an oscillatory exactness around the Y direction of 0.10 ± 0.08°. The investigation of positioning accuracy demonstrated that the robot's error in free space was 0.26 ± 0.07 mm. When subjected to MRI room with agar‐silica phantom and ex vivo porcine tissue, the positioning accuracy amounted to 1.11 ± 0.47 mm and 1.57 ± 0.52 mm. In the presence of the robotic system, the SNR of the MRI experienced a 4.2% reduction, which had a negligible impact on image quality.ConclusionsThe conducted experiments validate the efficacy of the proposed MRI‐guided HIFU robotic system in executing agar‐silica phantom and ex vivo porcine tissue investigations with adequate positioning accuracy. Consequently, this system exhibits certain feasibility for the treatment of breast fibroadenomas.
Synthesis of Free‐Standing Pd‐Ni‐P Metallic Glass Nanoparticles with Durable Medium‐Range Ordered Structure for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Properties
Authors: Fu Shu , Chen Guo‐Xing , Guo Hu , Liu Sinan , Yan Mengyang , Lou Yu , Ying Huiqiang , Yao Zhongzheng , Ren Yang , Jiang Wei , Zhu He , Hahn Horst , Feng Tao , Lan Si 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTopologically disordered metallic glass nanoparticles (MGNPs) with highly active and tailorable surface chemistries have immense potential for functional uses. The synthesis of free‐standing MGNPs is crucial and intensively pursued because their activity strongly depends on their exposed surfaces. Herein, a novel laser‐evaporated inert‐gas condensation method is designed and successfully developed for synthesizing free‐standing MGNPs without substrates or capping agents, which is implemented via pulse laser‐induced atomic vapor deposition under an inert helium atmosphere. In this way, the metallic atoms vaporized from the targets collide with helium atoms and then condense into short‐range‐order (SRO) clusters, which mutually assemble to form the MGNPs. Using this method, free‐standing Pd40Ni40P20 MGNPs with a spherical morphology are synthesized, which demonstrates satisfactory electrocatalytic activity and durability in oxygen reduction reactions. Moreover, local structure investigations using synchrotron pair distribution function techniques reveal the transformation of SRO cluster connection motifs of the MGNPs from face‐sharing to edge‐sharing modes during cyclic voltammetry cycles, which enhances the electrochemical stability by blocking crystallization. This approach provides a general strategy for preparing free‐standing MGNPs with high surface activities, which may have widespread functional applications.
Screening of Sintering Aids for Oxide Ceramics: A Case of NASICON Electrolyte
Authors: Sun Zheng , Li Yang , Liu Mingquan , Jin Haibo , Zhao Yongjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, an efficient screening method to select appropriate sintering aids for a wide range of oxide material systems is developed. Consequently, Na2B4O7, NaF, and CuO are selected as sintering aids for sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON)‐type Na3Zr2Si2PO12 ceramic to verify the feasibility of the as‐proposed method. As evidenced by the results, the sinterability and densification of ceramic matrix are apparently improved. Specifically, Na3Zr2Si2PO12‐7%Na2B4O7, Na3Zr2Si2PO12‐3%NaF, and Na3Zr2Si2PO12‐3%CuO endow much higher room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.03 × 10−3, 1.61 × 10−3, and 1.63 × 10−3 S cm−1, respectively, in comparison with the pristine (7.23 × 10−4 S cm−1). The underlying mechanism for the enhanced performance is also discussed. The symmetric sodium cells assembled with sintering aids modified Na3Zr2Si2PO12 ceramic electrolyte exhibit ultra‐stable metallic Na plating/stripping at room temperature. Moreover, solid‐state sodium batteries paired with Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 cathode active material and modified Na3Zr2Si2PO12 ceramic electrolyte demonstrate superior cycling stability and excellent rate capability. Furthermore, an as‐developed strategy can be universally extended to synthesize high‐performance oxide ceramics.
Interfacial Interaction of Multifunctional GQDs Reinforcing Polymer Electrolytes For All‐Solid‐State Li Battery
Authors: Liu Huaxin , Xu Laiqiang , Tu Hanyu , Luo Zheng , Zhu Fangjun , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolid‐state polymer electrolytes are highly anticipated for next generation lithium ion batteries with enhanced safety and energy density. However, a major disadvantage of polymer electrolytes is their low ionic conductivity at room temperature. In order to enhance the ionic conductivity, here, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are employed to improve the poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) based electrolyte. Owing to the increased amorphous areas of PEO and mobility of Li+, GQDs modified composite polymer electrolytes achieved high ionic conductivity and favorable lithium ion transference numbers. Significantly, the abundant hydroxyl groups and amino groups originated from GQDs can serve as Lewis base sites and interact with lithium ions, thus promoting the dissociation of lithium salts and providing more ion pathways. Moreover, lithium dendrite is suppressed, associated with high transference number, enhanced mechanical properties and steady interface stability. It is further observed that all solid‐state lithium batteries assembled with GQDs modified composite polymer electrolytes display excellent rate performance and cycling stability.
Double Riveting and Steric Hindrance Strategy for Ultrahigh‐Loading Atomically Dispersed Iron Catalysts Toward Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhu Ying , Gao Yifan , Gao Lesen , Gao Xia , Jiang Peng , Cheng Yuanhui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtomically dispersed iron on nitrogen doped carbon displays high intrinsic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction, and has been identified as an attractive candidate to precious platinum catalysts. However, the loading of atomic iron sites is generally limited to below 4 wt% due to the undesired formation of iron‐related particles at higher contents. Herein, this work overcomes this limit by a double riveting and steric hindrance strategy to achieve monodispersed iron with a high‐loading of 12.8 wt%. Systematic study reveals that chemical riveting of atomic iron in ZIF‐8 framework, chelation of Fe ions with interconfined 1,4‐phenylenebisboronic, and physical hindrance are essential to obtain high‐loading monodispersed Fe moieties. Resultantly, designed Fe‐N‐C‐PDBA exhibits superior catalytic activity and excellent stability over commercial platinum catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction in both half‐cells and zinc‐air fuel cells (ZAFCs). This provides an avenue for developing high‐loading single‐atom catalysts (SACs) for energy devices.
Blockchain‐based internet of vehicles (BIoV): A systematic review of surveys and reviews
Authors: Hemmati Atefeh , Zarei Mani , Souri Alireza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Internet of vehicles (IoV) has appeared as an effective method of obtaining an intelligent transportation system able to deliver various innovative solutions and enable several applications as a replacement for vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs). To help IoV contexts, enormous quantities of information are created and transmitted between various communication components wirelessly across multiple channels, which may entice attackers and put the network at risk. Security is one of the vital concerns and critical issues in VANETs and IoV networks. Blockchain is employed to create a distributed and secure IoV to overcome some centralized concerns and enhance the network architecture. This article presents a systematic and detailed review by selecting 28 review articles from 2018 to 2022 on blockchain‐based IoV (BIoV). We investigate the latest review and survey articles regarding their aspects, contributions, findings, limitations, and strong points to address unsolved problems of BIoV. In this article, the review/survey articles are systematically reviewed to resolve taxonomy aspects intended for BIoV. We provide a new taxonomy and discuss security concerns, open issues, and future directions so that researchers in this field can quickly and easily access recent content and do not need to read numerous review articles.
Research on Temperature Field of Wheat Grain Piles in Underground Granary
Authors: Zhang Xiangxiang , Zhang Hao , Meng Qingting 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo investigate the temperature change in grain piles during underground grain storage, this study considers the wheat as the research object, The method of combining numerical simulation and small chamber test is adopted to study the changes in the temperature field in the experimental warehouse during natural storage conditions. Then, based on the numerical simulation software COMSOL is used to simulate and analyze the influence of different storage time, different covering soil depth, and different porosity on the temperature field of the grain pile in the warehouse. The results show that: during natural storage conditions, the temperature in the test warehouse is obviously stratified; under different initial grain pile temperature conditions, the difference between the initial grain temperature and ground temperature affects the change range of the temperature of the grain pile in the warehouse; when the temperature is 0.5, the change of the grain pile in the warehouse is the largest, which is 0.52 °C. When the porosity is 0.3, the temperature of the grain pile in the warehouse changes the smallest, which is 0.48 °C. The microenvironment changes in the warehouse under complex conditions can be analyzed in the follow‐up, and further formulations for safe grain storage can be made effective.
Bias in human data: A feedback from social sciences
Authors: Takan Savaş , Ergün Duygu , Getir Yaman Sinem , Kılınççeker Onur 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe fairness of human‐related software has become critical with its widespread use in our daily lives, where life‐changing decisions are made. However, with the use of these systems, many erroneous results emerged. Technologies have started to be developed to tackle unexpected results. As for the solution to the issue, companies generally focus on algorithm‐oriented errors. The utilized solutions usually only work in some algorithms. Because the cause of the problem is not just the algorithm; it is also the data itself. For instance, deep learning cannot establish the cause–effect relationship quickly. In addition, the boundaries between statistical or heuristic algorithms are unclear. The algorithm's fairness may vary depending on the data related to context. From this point of view, our article focuses on how the data should be, which is not a matter of statistics. In this direction, the picture in question has been revealed through a scenario specific to “vulnerable and disadvantaged” groups, which is one of the most fundamental problems today. With the joint contribution of computer science and social sciences, it aims to predict the possible social dangers that may arise from artificial intelligence algorithms using the clues obtained in this study. To highlight the potential social and mass problems caused by data, Gerbner's “cultivation theory” is reinterpreted. To this end, we conduct an experimental evaluation on popular algorithms and their data sets, such as Word2Vec, GloVe, and ELMO. The article stresses the importance of a holistic approach combining the algorithm, data, and an interdisciplinary assessment.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Statistics
A Learner-Verifier Framework for Neural Network Controllers and Certificates of Stochastic Systems
Authors: Chatterjee Krishnendu , Henzinger Thomas A. , Lechner Mathias , Žikelić Đorđe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReinforcement learning has received much attention for learning controllers of deterministic systems. We consider a learner-verifier framework for stochastic control systems and survey recent methods that formally guarantee a conjunction of reachability and safety properties. Given a property and a lower bound on the probability of the property being satisfied, our framework jointly learns a control policy and a formal certificate to ensure the satisfaction of the property with a desired probability threshold. Both the control policy and the formal certificate are continuous functions from states to reals, which are learned as parameterized neural networks. While in the deterministic case, the certificates are invariant and barrier functions for safety, or Lyapunov and ranking functions for liveness, in the stochastic case the certificates are supermartingales. For certificate verification, we use interval arithmetic abstract interpretation to bound the expected values of neural network functions.
Automated Verification for Real-Time Systems
Authors: Song Yahui , Chin Wei-Ngan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe correctness of real-time systems depends both on the correct functionalities and the realtime constraints. To go beyond the existing Timed Automata based techniques, we propose a novel solution that integrates a modular Hoare-style forward verifier with a term rewriting system (TRS) on Timed Effects (TimEffs). The main purposes are to: increase the expressiveness, dynamically manipulate clocks, and efficiently solve clock constraints. We formally define a core language $$ C^{t} $$

C
t

, generalizing the real-time systems, modeled using mutable variables and timed behavioral patterns, such as delay, timeout, interrupt, deadline. Secondly, to capture real-time specifications, we introduce TimEffs, a new effects logic, that extends regular expressions with dependent values and arithmetic constraints. Thirdly, the forward verifier reasons temporal behaviors – expressed in TimEffs – of target $$ C^{t} $$

C
t

programs. Lastly, we present a purely algebraic TRS, i.e., an extended Antimirov algorithm, to efficiently check language inclusions between TimEffs. To demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal, we prototype the verification system; prove its soundness; report on case studies and experimental results.
Real effective potentials for phase transitions in models with extended scalar sectors
Authors: Seller Károly , Szép Zsolt , Trócsányi Zoltán 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe effective potential obtained by loop expansion is usually not real in the range of field values explored by its minima during a phase transition. We apply the optimized perturbation theory in a fixed gauge to singlet scalar extensions of the Standard Model in order to calculate a one-loop effective potential that is real by construction. We test this computational scheme by comparing such a potential obtained in Landau gauge to that derived based on the Higgs pole mass. We carry out the latter construction by imposing physical renormalization conditions, which yields a potential without residual regularization scale dependence. We use our effective potential to study the parameter dependence of the critical temperatures in a two-step phase transition of the form (0,0) → (0, w′) → (v, w) that occurs for decreasing temperature in scalar extensions of the SM with two vacuum expectation valuesvandw.
People learn a two-stage control for faster locomotor interception
Authors: Zhao Huaiyong , Straub Dominik , Rothkopf Constantin A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPeople can use the constant target-heading (CTH) strategy or the constant bearing (CB) strategy to guide their locomotor interception. But it is still unclear whether people can learn new interception behavior. Here, we investigated how people learn to adjust their steering to intercept targets faster. Participants steered a car to intercept a moving target in a virtual environment similar to a natural open field. Their baseline interceptions were better accounted for by the CTH strategy. After five learning sessions across multiple days, in which participants received feedback about their interception durations, they adopted a two-stage control: a quick initial burst of turning accompanied by an increase of the target-heading angle during early interception was followed by significantly less turning with small changes in target-heading angle during late interception. The target’s bearing angle did not only show this two-stage pattern but also changed comparatively little during late interception, leaving it unclear which strategy participants had adopted. In a following test session, the two-stage pattern of participants’ turning adjustment and the target-heading angle transferred to new target conditions and a new environment without visual information about an allocentric reference frame, which should preclude participants from using the CB strategy. Indeed, the pattern of the target’s bearing angle did not transfer to all the new conditions. These results suggest that participants learned a two-stage control for faster interception: they learned to quickly increase the target-heading angle during early interception and subsequently follow the CTH strategy during late interception.
Microlocal analysis for Gelfand–Shilov spaces
Authors: Rodino Luigi , Wahlberg Patrik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce an anisotropic global wave front set of Gelfand–Shilov ultradistributions with different indices for regularity and decay at infinity. The concept is defined by the lack of super-exponential decay along power type curves in the phase space of the short-time Fourier transform. This wave front set captures the phase space behaviour of oscillations of power monomial type, a k a chirp signals. A microlocal result is proved with respect to pseudodifferential operators with symbol classes that give rise to continuous operators on Gelfand–Shilov spaces. We determine the wave front set of certain series of derivatives of the Dirac delta, and exponential functions.