bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPERIENCING THE WORLD AS THE EVOLVED IMAGE OF GOD: RELIGION IN THE CONTEXT OF SCIENCE
Authors: Henriksen Jan‐Olav 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReligion must be seen as the result of the learning processes of humanity, as they manifest themselves in human interaction with and experience of reality. Such interaction depends on knowledge that provides the basis for practices of orientation and transformation. Religion as part of human culture provides resources for identifying lasting significance of experience in light of what appears to be ultimate conditions for a good and flourishing life. Thus, it is also possible to understand human distinctiveness as manifest in the dynamic practices in which humans participate, and of which religious practices are part. Therefore, it is not specific attributes that make humans distinct from other species but how they engage these in relation to the various experiential dimensions and ascribe significance to some of these in light of what they understand as ultimate sources of orientation and transformation.
Implementation of Photovoltaic Academic Service Learning at School and Its Impact on Student Schools and Student Facilitators
Authors: Md Ayob Shahrin , Tan Chee Wei , Ayop Razman , Daud Mohd Zaki 
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the implementation of academic service learning (ASL) and its impact on secondary school students as the community and the university undergraduate students who act as facilitators. The facilitators are the final year students from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering undertaking a photovoltaic technology course at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The ASL aims to transfer the knowledge of photovoltaic technology to the school student from the university's students and increase their interest in pursuing tertiary study in the science, technology, and mathematics (STEM) stream. At the same time, it will benefit the facilitators by enriching their communication skills, personality, and academics. The objective achievement of the activity is measured qualitatively through a set of questionnaires after the activity. It was found that ASL has positively impacted the school student's knowledge of photovoltaic technology. To measure the impact on the facilitator, questionnaires were given to them after a year of graduation. The majority of them agreed that ASL improved their communication skills and personality. However, most facilitators agreed that ASL has minimum impact on enhancing their knowledge of photovoltaics.
A Comparative Study of the Conventional Poppet Valve and the Proposed Novel Independent Rotary Valve Configurations for Improving Efficiency of the Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Javed Hassan , Fayyaz  , Waqas Muhammad , Jazim Agha Muhammad , Sharif Muddassar , Khan Sikandar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
About nine million barrels of gasoline are consumed daily by automobile engines. Out of this, roughly 2.25 million barrels are effectively used by the engine to generate power, whereas the rest is wasted due to engine inefficiencies. There is a dire need to bring up a more efficient engine, since even an effort for a 1% increase in efficiency would result in savings of almost $6 million daily worldwide. In this study, first, a conventional poppet valve engine configuration for a 70cc engine was analyzed. Then, based on the engine efficiency contributing parameters, a novel Independent Rotary Valve (IRV) engine configuration was proposed. The proposed engine configuration was analyzed for the same 70cc engine. The LOTUS Engine software was used for the thermodynamic investigation of intake valve closing angle for getting maximum values of volumetric efficiency, brake power, and brake torque at different speeds and intake valve closing angles. It has been found that the proposed engine configuration resulted in approximately 1.165% increase in thermal efficiency by a decrease in air-fuel mixture pumping work. In addition, a 13% increase in volumetric efficiency, a 13% increase in brake torque, and an 18% increase in brake power were found, through the use of independent valve actuation. Also, an increase in mechanical efficiency is expected, due to the added simplicity of the proposed IRV as compared to the conventional poppet valve system. This increase has been verified analytically and by numerical modeling performed in ANSYS FLUENT. The proposed IRV engine configuration is thus a more efficient, more powerful, less complicated, more stable, and an environmentally safer engine.
Supplemental Material: Progressively elevated geothermal gradients for Miocene metamorphism in the Himalayan orogen
Authors: Ji Min , Gao Xiao-Ying , al. et 
Published: May 2023

<p>Supplemental Text S1: Details the analytical and modelling methods. Supplemental Figures S1–S23 present the additional figures, and Supplemental Tables S1–S19 provide the analyzed and summarized data. </p>
Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow Control at Pipe Inlet to Advance Flow Relaminarization
Authors: Lushchik V. G. , Makarova M. S. , Reshmin A. I. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Various methods of flow relaminarization in a pipe are considered by means of controlling the average and turbulent flow parameters. For numerical simulation of flows with turbulence growth and suppression it is proposed to use a three-parameter RANS turbulence model, which has shown good results in modeling existing experiments on relaminarization. Calculations for three variants of inlet devices with different velocity profiles and the same small-scale turbulence at the inlet show the possibility of achieving flow relaminarization in pipes at Reynolds numbers Re > 10 000. Among three variants of inlet devices considered, the most effective one is the variant with organization of a two-zone flow with slow flow in the central region of the pipe and accelerated flow in the near-wall region. In this version, relaminarization occurs up to the Reynolds number Re* = 16 000. It is shown that decrease in the turbulence intensity and scale leads to an even larger value of the relaminarization Reynolds number Re*.
Non-Equilibrium Supersonic Flow Past a Blunt Plate at High Angle of Attack
Authors: Surzhikov S. T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe computational model designed for studying the processes of non-equilibrium physicochemical gas dynamics in supersonic rarefied-air flow past a blunt plate of finite dimensions under the laboratory experiment conditions is formulated. The computational model is based on the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations, the energy conservation laws for the translational degrees of freedom of atoms and molecules and the vibrational degrees of freedom of diatomic molecules, and the chemical kinetics and diffusion equations for individual components of partially ionized gas flow. The basic gas dynamic and kinetic processes in flow past a blunt plate are analyzed at the Mach numbers M = 10 and 20. It is shown that regions of thermal nonequilibrium are formed.
Ediacara-Type Biota in the Upper Precambrian of the Timan Range (Dzhezhim–Parma Hill, Komi Republic)
Authors: Kolesnikov A. V. , Latysheva I. V. , Shatsillo A. V. , Kuznetsov N. B. , Kolesnikov A. S. , Desiatkin V. D. , Romanyuk T. V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Macroscopic fossils as composite molds and casts of Ediacara-type soft-bodied organisms were found in the Dzhezhim Formation of the Timan Range for the first time. Among them, representatives of palaeopascichnids, arboreomorphs, chuariomorphids, microbial colonies, and trace fossils were identified. This finding of such a large number of various Ediacaran fossils on the Timan Range not only develops our understanding of their paleogeographic range but also clarifies the age limits of the deposition of the Dzhezhim Formation, the stratigraphic position of which in the Upper Precambrian section was controversial.
SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis: a multicentre international study
Authors: Cozzi Giorgio , Sovtic Aleksandar , Garelli Davide , Krivec Uros , Silvagni Davide , Corsini Ilaria , Colombo Marco , Giangreco Manuela , Giannattasio Antonietta , Milani Gregorio Paolo , Minute Marta , Marchetti Federico , Gatto Antonio , Debbia Carla , Gortan Anna Jolanda , Massaro Marta , Hatziagorou Elpis , Ravidà Domenico , Diamand Raz , Jones Elizabeth , Visekruna Jelena , Zago Alessandro , Barbi Egidio , Amaddeo Alessandro , Cortellazzo Wiel Luisa 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundBronchiolitis is the main acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Data regarding SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis are limited.ObjectiveTo describe the main clinical characteristics of infants with SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis in comparison with infants with bronchiolitis associated with other viruses.Setting, patients, interventionsA multicentre retrospective study was conducted in 22 paediatric emergency departments (PED) in Europe and Israel. Infants diagnosed with bronchiolitis, who had a test for SARS-CoV-2 and were kept in clinical observation in the PED or admitted to hospital from 1 May 2021 to 28 February 2022 were considered eligible for participation. Demographic and clinical data, diagnostic tests, treatments and outcomes were collected.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome was the need for respiratory support in infants testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with infants testing negative.Results2004 infants with bronchiolitis were enrolled. Of these, 95 (4.7%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Median age, gender, weight, history of prematurity and presence of comorbidities did not differ between the SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative infants. Human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the viruses most frequently detected in the group of infants negative for SARS-CoV-2.Infants testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 received oxygen supplementation less frequently compared with SARS-CoV-2-negative patients, 37 (39%) vs 1076 (56.4%), p=0.001, OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.75). They received less ventilatory support: 12 (12.6%) high flow nasal cannulae vs 468 (24.5%), p=0.01; 1 (1.0%) continuous positive airway pressure vs 125 (6.6%), p=0.03, OR 0.48 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.85).ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 rarely causes bronchiolitis in infants. SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis mostly has a mild clinical course.
Presence of PD-1 similarity genes in monocytes may promote the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Huang Yuquan , Zhang Wenchuan , Xu Can , Li Qingxia , Zhang Wu , Xu Wanfeng , Zhang Mingming 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionTo identify proteins and corresponding genes that share sequential and structural similarity with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) via bioinformatics analysis.Research design and methodsAll proteins with immunoglobulin V-set domain were screened in the human protein sequence database, and the corresponding genes were obtained in the gene sequence database. GSE154609 was downloaded from the GEO database, which contained peripheral blood CD14+ monocyte samples from patients with T1DM and healthy controls. The difference result and the similar genes were intersected. Analysis of gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways was used to predict potential functions using the R package ‘cluster profiler’. The expression differences of intersected genes were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas pancreatic cancer dataset and GTEx database using t-test. The correlation between the overall survival and disease-free progression of patients with pancreatic cancer was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results2068 proteins with immunoglobulin V-set domain similar to PD-1 and 307 corresponding genes were found. 1705 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1335 downregulated DEGs in patients with T1DM compared with healthy controls were identified. A total of 21 genes were overlapped with the 307 PD-1 similarity genes, including 7 upregulated and 14 downregulated. Of these, mRNA levels of 13 genes were significantly increased in patients with pancreatic cancer. High expression ofMYOM3andHHLA2was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer, while high expression ofFGFRL1,CD274, andSPEGwas significantly correlated with shorter disease-free survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.ConclusionsGenes encoding immunoglobulin V-set domain similar to PD-1 may contribute to the occurrence of T1DM. Of these genes,MYOM3andSPEGmay serve as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
Developing a core competency training curriculum system for emergency trauma nurses in China: a modified Delphi method study
Authors: Xie La , Feng Mei , Cheng Jing , Huang Sufang 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo develop a core competency training curriculum system for emergency trauma nurses in China.DesignA modified Delphi study design.ParticipantsThe selection criteria for participants identified in practitioner roles were to be currently engaged in trauma care for over 5 years, to serve as the manager of emergency or trauma surgery department, and to have a bachelor’s degree or higher. A total of 15 trauma experts from three grade A tertiary hospitals were invited to participate in this study by email or face to face in January 2022. The expert group comprised four trauma specialist doctors and 11 trauma specialist nurses. There were 11 women and 4 men. The age ranged from 32 to 50 (40.27±5.120) years. The number of years worked ranged from 6 to 32 (15.87±7.110).ResultsTwo rounds of questionnaires were issued to 15 experts in each round, and the effective recovery rate was 100.00%. In this study, expert judgement=0.947, expert familiarity with the content=0.807 and authority coefficient=0.877, and the results are highly reliable. The Kendall’s W of the two rounds in this study ranged from 0.208 to 0.467, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). In the two rounds of expert consultations, four items were deleted, five items were modified, two items were added and one item was merged. Ultimately, the curriculum system of core competency training for emergency trauma nurses includes training objectives (8 theoretical knowledge and 9 practical skills), training contents (6 first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators and 70 third-level indicators), training methods (9), evaluation indicators (4) and evaluation methodologies (4).ConclusionsThis study proposed a core competency training curriculum system with systematic and standardised courses for emergency trauma nurses, which could be applied to assess trauma care performance, highlight areas for improvement for emergency trauma nurses and contribute to the accreditation of emergency trauma specialist nurses.
Neonatal health care costs of very preterm babies in England: a retrospective analysis of a national birth cohort
Authors: Yang Miaoqing , Campbell Helen , Pillay Thillagavathie , Boyle Elaine M , Modi Neena , Rivero-Arias Oliver 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesBabies born between 27+0and 31+6weeks of gestation represent the largest group of very preterm babies requiring National Health Service (NHS) care; however, up-to-date, cost figures for the UK are not currently available. This study estimates neonatal costs to hospital discharge for this group of very preterm babies in England.DesignRetrospective analysis of resource use data recorded within the National Neonatal Research Database.SettingNeonatal units in England.PatientsBabies born between 27+0and 31+6weeks of gestation in England and discharged from a neonatal unit between 2014 and 2018.Main outcome measuresDays receiving different levels of neonatal care were costed, along with other specialised clinical activities. Mean resource use and costs per baby are presented by gestational age at birth, along with total costs for the cohort.ResultsBased on data for 28 154 very preterm babies, the annual total costs of neonatal care were estimated to be £262 million, with 96% of costs attributable to routine daily care provided by units. The mean (SD) total cost per baby of this routine care varied by gestational age at birth; £75 594 (£34 874) at 27 weeks as compared with £27 401 (£14 947) at 31 weeks.ConclusionsNeonatal healthcare costs for very preterm babies vary substantially by gestational age at birth. The findings presented here are a useful resource to stakeholders including NHS managers, clinicians, researchers and policymakers.
Impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor function in children with acquired brain injury: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Rathinam Chandrasekar , Mohan Vikram , Bill Peter , Yates Derick , Gupta Rajat , Peirson Janet 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundChildren with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) require early and effective neurorehabilitation provision to promote a good long-term functional outcome. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to improve motor skills for children with cerebral palsy but there is limited material supporting its use in children with ABI who have a motor disorder.ObjectiveTo systematically answer what the TMS intervention effects are on motor function in children with ABI as reported in the literature.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow Arksey and O’MaIIey’s scoping review methodological framework. A comprehensive computerised bibliographic databases search will be performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Allied and Complementary Medicine, BNI, Ovid Emcare, PsyclNFO, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Central Register using keywords related to TMS and children with ABI.Studies that examine the effect of TMS intervention on motor function as either a primary or secondary objective will be included for this review. Study design and publication detail, participant demographic details, type and severity of ABI and other clinical information, TMS procedure, associated therapy intervention, comparator/control parameters and the outcome measure used data will be gathered.The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth framework will be used to report the TMS effect in children with ABI. A narrative synthesis of the findings describing the therapeutic effects of TMS intervention, limitations and adverse effects will be synthesised and reported. This review will help to summarise the existing knowledge base and to guide further research areas. This review outcome may help to evolve therapists’ role to next-generation technology-based neurorehabilitation programmes.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for this review as we will be collecting data from previously published studies. We will present the findings at scientific conferences and publish in a peer-review journal.
Assessment of haemoglobin and serum markers of iron deficiency in people with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Graham Fraser J , Friday Jocelyn M , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Greenlaw Nicola , Cleland John GF 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency and their prognostic association with cardiovascular disease have rarely been explored at population level.MethodsNational Health Service records of the Greater Glasgow region for patients aged ≥50 years with a broad range of cardiovascular diagnoses were obtained. During 2013/14, prevalent disease was identified and results of investigations collated. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin <13 g/dL for men or <12 g/dL for women. Incident heart failure, cancer and death between 2015 and 2018 were identified.ResultsThe 2013/14 dataset comprised 197 152 patients, including 14 335 (7%) with heart failure. Most (78%) patients had haemoglobin measured, especially those with heart failure (90%). Of those tested, anaemia was common both in patients without (29%) and with heart failure (prevalent cases in 2013/14: 46%; incident cases during 2013/14: 57%). Ferritin was usually measured only when haemoglobin was markedly depressed; transferrin saturation (TSAT) even less often. Incidence rates for heart failure and cancer during 2015–18 were inversely related to nadir haemoglobin in 2013/14. A haemoglobin of 13–15 g/dL for women and 14–16 g/dL for men was associated with the lowest mortality. Low ferritin was associated with a better prognosis and low TSAT with a worse prognosis.ConclusionIn patients with a broad range of cardiovascular disorders, haemoglobin is often measured but, unless anaemia is severe, markers of iron deficiency are usually not. Low haemoglobin and TSAT, but not low ferritin, are associated with a worse prognosis. The nadir of risk occurs at haemoglobin 1–3 g/dL above the WHO definition of anaemia.
Environmental impact of cardiovascular healthcare
Authors: Barratt Alexandra L , Li Yan , Gooroovadoo Isabelle , Todd Allyson , Dou Yuanlong , McAlister Scott , Semsarian Christopher 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceThe healthcare sector is essential to human health and well-being, yet its significant carbon footprint contributes to climate change-related threats to health.ObjectiveTo review systematically published studies on environmental impacts, including carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions, of contemporary cardiovascular healthcare of all types, from prevention through to treatment.Evidence reviewWe followed the methods of systematic review and synthesis. We conducted searches in Medline, EMBASE and Scopus for primary studies and systematic reviews measuring environmental impacts of any type of cardiovascular healthcare published in 2011 and onwards. Studies were screened, selected and data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Studies were too heterogeneous for pooling in meta-analysis and were narratively synthesised with insights derived from content analysis.FindingsA total of 12 studies estimating environmental impacts, including carbon emissions (8 studies), of cardiac imaging, pacemaker monitoring, pharmaceutical prescribing and in-hospital care including cardiac surgery were found. Of these, three studies used the gold-standard method of Life Cycle Assessment. One of these found the environmental impact of echocardiography was 1%–20% that of cardiac MR (CMR) imaging and Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) scanning. Many opportunities to reduce environmental impacts were identified: carbon emissions can be reduced by choosing echocardiography as the first cardiac test before considering CT or CMR, remote monitoring of pacemaker devices and teleconsultations when clinically appropriate to do so. Several interventions may be effective for reducing waste, including rinsing bypass circuitry after cardiac surgery. Cobenefits included reduced costs, health benefits such as cell salvage blood available for perfusion, and social benefits such as reduced time away from work for patients and carers. Content analysis revealed concern about the environmental impact of cardiovascular healthcare, particularly carbon emissions and a desire for change.Conclusions and relevanceCardiac imaging, pharmaceutical prescribing and in-hospital care including cardiac surgery have significant environmental impacts, including CO2e emissions which contribute to climate-related threats to human health. Importantly, many opportunities to effectively reduce environmental impacts exist within cardiac care, and can provide economic, health and social cobenefits.