bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rate of E–W extension in the Volcanic Tableland, California (USA): A comparison of strain rates on two different timescales
Authors: Salomon Eric 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Eastern California shear zone (USA) is a broad zone of transtensional deformation related to the relative motion between the Pacific and North American plates. Due to its active deformation and seismicity, the zone receives great attention, with specific focus on slip rates of major active faults. To contribute to a better understanding of the long-term strain accumulation in this zone, this study quantifies the long-term E–W-directed extensional strain rate based on the analysis of N–S-trending normal fault scarps in the 765-k.y.-old Bishop tuff (Volcanic Tableland). The average extensional strain rate determined over the past 765 k.y. is 0.29 ± 0.10 mm/yr per 10 km (29 ± 10 nanostrain/yr) and similar to the current rate of elastic strain accumulation rate in the Volcanic Tableland (0.30 ± 0.13 mm/yr per 10 km; 30 ± 13 nanostrain/yr) determined by Global Positioning System (GPS) data. The present-day E–W strain rate across the entire Eastern California shear zone at the latitude of the Volcanic Tableland is 0.36 ± 0.05 mm/yr per 10 km (36 ± 5 nanostrain/yr). This suggests that the local rate of E–W extension has not changed significantly since the mid-Pleistocene. Furthermore, if the Volcanic Tableland is representative of the greater region, as the GPS data suggest, this would also indicate a constant extension rate across the Eastern California shear zone at the latitude of ~37.5°N over the 765 k.y. time period. These results suggest that late Pleistocene and Holocene extension rates of major faults in this zone can be interpreted in light of a presumably unchanged far-field stress system since at least the mid-Pleistocene.
Noble Metal Nanoparticles in Biomedical Thermoplasmonics
Authors: Dement’eva O. V. , Kartseva M. E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe unique properties of metal nanoparticles (NPs) resulting from their localized surface plasmon resonance have led to the emergence and rapid development of promising scientific areas. One of these areas is thermoplasmonics, which is based on the ability of such NPs to effectively transform optical radiation into heat. We discuss the optical properties of noble metal NPs, the main approaches to their synthesis, as well as the latest advances of thermoplasmonics in the field of biomedicine. The focus of this review is on photothermal diagnostics and therapy (theranostics) of various diseases. Note that, in addition to theranostics of tumors, the prospects for the use of plasmonic NPs in cardiology, ophthalmology, the fight against bacterial and viral infections, and other biomedical fields have been analyzed.
Impacts and prospective hazard analysis of rainfall-triggered lahars on St Vincent 2021–22
Authors: Phillips Jeremy , Barclay Jenni , Cole Paul , Johnson Monique , Miller Victoria , Robertson Richard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Lahars are energetic flows of loosely consolidated volcanic debris and water, which have occurred frequently after rainfall events on St Vincent in the Eastern Caribbean since the April 2021 explosive phase of the 2020–21 eruption of La Soufrière volcano. Using scientific observations and information from social media, we have constructed a detailed timeline of the 25 lahar events that occurred during 2021, and summarized lahar impacts and losses. 20 mm daily rainfall on a river catchment is (and remains) sufficient to result in a lahar. We used this threshold, with field estimates of lahar volumes, to conduct both an island-wide assessment of potentially impacted locations using the Laharz model, and a detailed reconstruction of one lahar event, using the dynamic model LaharFlow. A simplified catchment hydrology approach with runoff ratios typical for the Caribbean showed good agreement with observations of flow properties near the coast.
Lahars will continue to be an important hazard in St Vincent into the future, and our modelling approach can assess future lahar impacts and provide early warnings. Social media provided key information about lahars and impacts, and allowed communities to alert each other. Future hazard mitigation should strengthen links between communities and with national risk management.
Cardiac Reversibility and Survival After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients With Low‐Gradient Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Sato Kimi , Seo Yoshihiro , Ishizu Tomoko , Albakaa Noor K. , Izumo Masaki , Okada Atsushi , Izumi Chisato , Inami Shu , Takeda Yasuharu , Onishi Toshinari , Izumi Yuki , Kumagai Akiko , Fukuda Tomoko , Takahashi Naohiko , Kitai Takeshi , Iwano Hiroyuki , Sugawara Shigeo , Akasaka Kazumi , Harada Kenji , Masaoka Yoshiko , Kusunose Kenya , Tanabe Kazuaki , Sakamoto Takahiro , Takamura Takeshi , Ieda Masaki 
Published: August 2023

Background
Prognostic implications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in low‐gradient (LG) aortic stenosis (AS) remain controversial. The authors hypothesized that differences in cardiac functional recovery may solve this ongoing controversy. The aim was to evaluate clinical outcomes and the response of left ventricular (LV) function following TAVI in patients with LG AS.

Methods and Results

This multicenter retrospective study included 1742 patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI between January 2015 and March 2019. Patients were subdivided into low‐flow (LF) LG, normal‐flow (NF) LG, LF high‐gradient, and NF high‐gradient AS groups according to the mean gradient of the aortic valve (LG <40 mm Hg) and LV stroke volume index (LF <35 mL/m
2
). Outcomes and changes in echocardiographic parameters after TAVI were compared between the groups. A total of 227 patients (13%) had reduced ejection fraction, and 486 patients (28%) had LG AS (LF‐LG 143 [8%]; NF‐LG 343 [20%]). During a median follow‐up period of 747 days, 301 patients experienced a composite end point of cardiovascular death and rehospitalization for cardiovascular events, which was higher in the LF‐LG and NF‐LG groups than in the high‐gradient groups. LG AS was independently associated with the primary outcome (hazard ratio, 1.69;
P
<0.001). Among 1239 patients with follow‐up echocardiography, LG AS showed less improvement in the LV mass index and LV end‐diastolic volume compared with high‐gradient AS after 1 year, while LV recovery was similar between the LF AS and NF AS groups.

Conclusions
LG AS was associated with poorer outcomes and LV recovery, regardless of flow status after TAVI. Careful evaluation of AS severity may be required in LG AS to provide TAVI within the appropriate time and advanced care afterward.
Twenty‐Four‐Month Blood Pressure Results After Renal Denervation Using Endovascular Ultrasound
Authors: Rosch Sebastian , Rommel Karl‐Philipp , Blazek Stephan , Kresoja Karl‐Patrik , Schöber Anne , von Roeder Maximilian , Desch Steffen , Thiele Holger , Lurz Philipp , Fengler Karl 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Renal denervation has proven its efficacy to lower blood pressure in comparison to sham treatment in recent randomized clinical trials. Although there is a large body of evidence for the durability and safety of radiofrequency‐based renal denervation, there are a paucity of data for endovascular ultrasound–based renal denervation (uRDN). We aimed to assess the long‐term efficacy and safety of uRDN in a single‐center cohort of patients.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Data from 2 previous studies on uRDN were pooled. Ambulatory 24‐hour blood pressure measurements were taken before as well as 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment with uRDN. A total of 130 patients (mean age 63±9 years, 24% women) underwent uRDN. After 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, systolic mean 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure values were reduced by 10±12, 10±14, 8±15, and 10±15 mm Hg, respectively, when compared with baseline (
P
<0.001). Corresponding diastolic values were reduced by 6±8, 6±8, 5±9, and 6±9 mm Hg, respectively (
P
<0.001). Periprocedural adverse events occurred in 16 patients, and all recovered without sequelae.

CONCLUSIONS
In this single‐center study, uRDN effectively lowered blood pressure up to 24 months after treatment.
M2 Microglia Extracellular Vesicle miR-124 Regulates Neural Stem Cell Differentiation in Ischemic Stroke via AAK1/NOTCH
Authors: Song Yaying , Shi Rubing , Liu Yingjun , Cui Fengzhen , Han Lu , Wang Chuandong , Chen Tingting , Li Zongwei , Zhang Zhijun , Tang Yaohui , Yang Guo-Yuan , Guan Yangtai 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from M2 microglia (M2-microglia–derived small extracellular vesicles [M2-sEVs]) contribute to central nervous system repair, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify the mechanism through which microRNA-124 (miR-124) carried in sEVs promotes neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the ischemic mouse brain.

METHODS:
M2-sEVs with or without miR-124 knockdown were injected intravenously for 7 consecutive days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery. The atrophy volume, neurological score, and degree of neurogenesis were examined at different time points after ischemic attack. NSCs treated with different sEVs were subjected to proteomic analysis. Target protein concentrations were quantified, and subsequent bioinformatic analysis was conducted to explore the key signaling pathways.

RESULTS:
M2-sEV transplantation promoted functional neurological recovery following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion injury. M2-sEV treatment decreased the brain atrophy volume, neurological score, and mortality rate. The effect was reserved by knockdown of miR-124 in M2-sEVs. M2-sEVs promoted proliferation and differentiation of mature neuronal NSCs in vivo. Proteomic analysis of NSC samples treated with M2-sEVs with and without miR-124 knockdown revealed that AAK1 (adaptor-associated protein kinase 1) was the key responding protein in NSCs. The binding of AAK1 to Notch promoted the differentiation of NSCs into neurons rather than astrocytes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data suggest that AAK1/Notch is the key pathway in NSCs that responds to the miR-124 carried within M2-sEVs in the ischemic brain. M2-sEVs carrying ample quantities of miR-124 promote functional recovery after ischemic stroke by enhancing NSC proliferation and differentiation. Targeting of M2-sEVs could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for brain recovery.
Providing the Context for the Debate on the “Human” Imagined in the Drafting of the ANC’S Constitutional Guidelines in Lusaka, 1985–89
Authors: Odendaal Andre 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article attempts to provide an historical context for current debates on South Africa’s 1996 constitution. It argues that the template for the new Constitution was forged by the anc in Lusaka, Zambia between 1985 and 1989, well before the ‘unbannings’ of February 1990 which are generally assumed to have been the starting point of the constitution-making process. The author outlines how the organisation and its allies wove constitutionalism in as one of the distinct threads of an enormously complex, multifaceted and sometimes contradictory process of struggle and constitutional planning that finally pushed the regime into a corner and led to the unbannings of 1990. Besides re-periodising the constitution-making narrative, the article stresses the African ‘essence’ of this struggle and the importance of African agency and ideas in forging the constitutional foundations for the future. Multiple levels of intergenerational experience, thinking and nuance are not catered for in often sloganised debates about the Constitution’s origins. This will require scholars interested in the decolonial project to self-interrogate sometimes mechanistic assumptions about the “inherited” Western underpinnings of the Constitution, it concludes.
The Incompatibility of Humanism in the South African Constitution with Neoliberal Governmentality
Authors: Naidoo Kiasha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa is a momentous text in the history of South Africa’s liberation from the apartheid regime. It marks a break with the old regime, which sought to protect the prosperity of the country’s white minority while oppressing the black majority. The shift posited in the Constitution was clearly legal, but it was also conceptual. It was written with the intention to change the normative structure and principles of justification. As I will argue, it puts forward a normative discourse based on humanism. Since humanism has a rocky history, rife with exclusion and subjugation, it is important to clarify the sort of humanism contained in the Constitution of South Africa as one which understands the human as a site of potential. Although the Constitution may place value on such a humanism, it is not clear that our other social discourses cohere with this apprehension of the human. Specifically, I claim that the tendency in South African discourse (in various realms) to deploy neoliberal reason is at odds with the humanism outlined in the South African Constitution and therefore also does not allow for its actualisation.
Short-Term (7 Day) Beaufort Sea Ice Extent Forecasting with Deep Learning
Authors: Keller Mary Ruth , Piatko Christine , Clemens-Sewall Mary Versa , Eager Rebecca , Foster Kevin , Gifford Christopher , Rollend Derek , Sleeman Jennifer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ships inside the Arctic basin require high-resolution (1–5 km), near-term (days to semimonthly) forecasts for guidance on scales of interest to their operations where forecast model predictions are insufficient due to their coarse spatial and temporal resolutions. Deep learning techniques offer the capability of rapid assimilation and analysis of multiple sources of information for improved forecasting. Data from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Forecast System, Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (MEaSUREs), and the National Snow and Ice Data Center’s Multisensor Analyzed Sea ice Extent (MASIE) were used to develop the sea ice extent deep learning forecast model, over the freeze-up periods of 2016, 2018, 2019, and 2020 in the Beaufort Sea. Sea ice extent forecasts were produced for 1–7 days in the future. The approach was novel for sea ice extent forecasting in using forecast data as model input to aid in the prediction of sea ice extent. Model accuracy was assessed against a persistence model. While the average accuracy of the persistence model dropped from 97% to 90% for forecast days 1–7, the deep learning model accuracy dropped only to 93%. A k-fold (fourfold) cross-validation study found that on all except the first day, the deep learning model, which includes a U-Net architecture with an 18-layer residual neural network (Resnet-18) backbone, does better than the persistence model. Skill scores improve the farther out in time to 0.27. The model demonstrated success in predicting changes in ice extent of significance for navigation in the Amundsen Gulf. Extensions to other Arctic seas, seasons, and sea ice parameters are under development.

Significance Statement
Ships traversing the Arctic require timely, accurate sea ice location information to successfully complete their transits. After testing several potential candidates, we have developed a short-term (7 day) forecast process using existing observations of ice extent and sea surface temperature, with operational forecasts of weather and oceanographic variables, and appropriate machine learning models. The process included using forecasts of atmospheric and oceanographic conditions, as a human forecaster/analyst would. The models were trained for the Beaufort Sea north of Alaska using data and forecasts from 2016 combined with 2018–20. The results showed improvement in short-term forecasts of ice locations over current methods and also demonstrated correctly predicted changes in the sea ice that are important for navigation.
Vertical Motions in Orographic Cloud Systems over the Payette River Basin. Part IV: Controls on Supercooled Liquid Water Content and Cloud Droplet Number Concentrations
Authors: Zaremba Troy J. , Rauber Robert M. , Geerts Bart , French Jeffrey R. , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Xue Lulin , Friedrich Katja , Weeks Courtney , Rasmussen Roy M. , Kunkel Melvin L. , Blestrud Derek R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the controls on supercooled liquid water content (SLWC) and drop number concentrations (Nt,CDP) over the Payette River basin during the Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime Clouds: The Idaho Experiment (SNOWIE) campaign. During SNOWIE, 27.4% of 1-Hz in situ cloud droplet probe samples were in an environment containing supercooled liquid water (SLW). The interquartile range of SLWC, when present, was found to be 0.02–0.18 g m−3 and 13.3–37.2 cm−3 for Nt,CDP, with the most extreme values reaching 0.40–1.75 g m−3 and 150–320 cm−3 in isolated regions of convection and strong shear-induced turbulence. SLWC and Nt,CDP distributions are shown to be directly related to cloud-top temperature and ice particle concentrations, consistent with past research over other mountain ranges. Two classes of vertical motions were analyzed as potential controls on SLWC and Nt,CDP, the first forced by the orography and fixed in space relative to the topography (stationary waves) and the second transient, triggered by vertical shear and instability within passing synoptic-scale cyclones. SLWC occurrence and magnitudes, and Nt,CDP associated with fixed updrafts were found to be normally distributed about ridgelines when SLW was present. SLW was more likely to form at low altitudes near the terrain slope associated with fixed waves due to higher mixing ratios and larger vertical air parcel displacements at low altitudes. When considering transient updrafts, SLWC and Nt,CDP appear more uniformly distributed over the flight track with little discernable terrain dependence as a result of time and spatially varying updrafts associated with passing weather systems. The implications for cloud seeding over the basin are discussed.
Role of Stigma for Health Care Professionals With Nonmedical Substance Use
Authors: McNeely Heidi L. , Nelson-Brantley Heather , Teel Cynthia , Peterson Moya 
Published: August 2023

Background: Stigma toward those with non-medical substance use may present as anticipated, perceived, enacted, or internalized stigma. Objective: The purpose of the study was to describe the role of stigma on health care professionals with non-medical substance use, from the perspective of treatment providers. Soliciting information about stigma from treatment providers is a unique perspective lacking in current literature. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used with semi-structured interviews of treatment providers (N = 16) in Colorado. Inductive content analysis was used to identify concepts and themes across interviews. Results: Findings showed that stigma is a major concern and a barrier for health care professionals seeking substance use treatment. Nurses and physicians demonstrate shame and guilt (internalized stigma) around their substance use. These professionals also experience fear around their reputation (perceived stigma) and challenges around re-entry to the workforce after treatment (anticipated stigma). Conclusions: The awareness of existing stigma as well as internalized stigma impacts how health care professionals approach treatment, recovery, and returning to work.
Congenital pelvic kidney perfusion during infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: García Pérez Yuki-ko , Lozano-Corona Rodrigo , Campos-Rentería Sandra , Pérez Delgado Maria Fernanda , Torres-Machorro Adriana 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This case report describes a patient with a pelvic kidney associated with an aortoiliac aneurysm amenable to open repair. Methods: We chose the selective cold renal perfusion to preserve renal function. Results: Other techniques such as transient or permanent extra-anatomic bypass, extracorporeal circulation and proximal aortic double clamping are also described in this report. Conclusions: Choosing the renal perfusion technique depended on the anatomical evaluations of the kidney and the renal artery location during the preoperative period.
Italian oncologists and vaccinations against infectious diseases: Results of a survey of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology
Authors: Lasagna Angioletta , Brunello Antonella , Silvestris Nicola , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Di Maio Massimo , Cinieri Saverio 
Published: August 2023

Background: Patients with cancer present a higher risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. Recommended vaccinations are the most cost-effective measure to reduce the risk of transmission and related complications. Nevertheless, vaccination rates are inadequate. Oncologists have a central role in tailored vaccine communication to their patients. We present the results of a survey conducted by AIOM in 2022, focusing on the perception of the problem by oncologists. Materials and Methods: An anonymous 31-item online questionnaire was shared on 15 September 2022 on the AIOM website. The objectives of this survey were to examine the perception of Italian oncologists on vaccine-preventable diseases and the main available vaccines, their attitude towards recommending vaccines and the COVID-19 pandemic impact on their habits regarding vaccine-preventable diseases. Results: Between September 2022 and January 2023, 114 medical oncologists (5% of the members) completed the anonymous questionnaire. At the first oncological visit, only 30% of respondents usually propose a vaccination schedule to all their patient, 41% do not usually discuss vaccinations at the first visit and 29% recommend vaccines exclusively to specific categories of patients. For 56% of respondents, patients are more aware of the benefits of vaccines, whereas 36% reported that patients are worried of receiving too many vaccines. Conclusion: This is the first survey conducted among Italian oncologists to better understand the perception and attitudes towards the vaccination. It highlights the urgent issues of educating and training oncologists in vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccine awareness and the need to build (or implement) a network of multidisciplinary collaborations.