bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusive Modes of Two-Band Fermions Under Number-Conserving Dissipative Dynamics
Authors: Lyublinskaya A. A. , Burmistrov I. S. 
Published: September 2023

Driven-dissipative protocols are proposed to control and create nontrivial quantum many-body correlated states. Protocols conserving the number of particles stand apart. As well-known, in quantum systems with the unitary dynamics the particle number conservation and random scattering yield diffusive behavior of two-particle excitations (diffusons and cooperons). Existence of diffusive modes in the particle-number-conserving dissipative dynamics is not well studied yet. We explicitly demonstrate the existence of diffusons in a paradigmatic model of a two-band system, with dissipative dynamics aiming to empty one fermion band and to populate the other one. The studied model is generalization of the model introduced in F. Tonielli, J.C. Budich, A. Altland, and S. Diehl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 240404 (2020). We find how the diffusion coefficient depends on details of a model and the rate of dissipation. We discuss how the existence of diffusive modes complicates engineering of macroscopic many-body correlated states.
Potential benefits of prenatal diagnosis of TGA in Australia may be outweighed by the adverse effects of earlier delivery: likely causation and potential solutions
Authors: Namachivayam Siva P , Butt Warwick , Brizard Christian , Millar Johnny , Thompson Jenny , Walker Susan P , Cheung Michael M H 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivePrenatal diagnosis of transposition of great arteries (TGA) is expected to improve postoperative outcomes after neonatal arterial switch operation (ASO); however, published reports give conflicting results. We aimed to determine the association between prenatal diagnosis and early postoperative outcomes after neonatal ASO.MethodsCohort study involving 243 newborns who underwent ASO (70% prenatally diagnosed) between 2010 and 2019. Multivariable regression was used to determine the association between prenatal diagnosis and (a) birth characteristics and (b) postoperative outcomes.ResultsGestational age and birthweight centile were lower and small-for-gestational-age more common (11.8% vs 1.4%) in those diagnosed prenatally. Among births which followed labour induction or prelabour caesarean, prenatal diagnosis was associated with earlier gestation at birth (mean (SD), 38.5 (1.6) vs 39.2 (1.4), p=0.01). Among births which followed spontaneous labour, prenatal diagnosis was associated with earlier gestation at labour onset (38.2 (1.8) vs 39.2 (1.4), p=0.01). Prenatal diagnosis was associated with longer postoperative mechanical ventilation (incidence rate ratio 1.74, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.21), intensive care (1.70, 1.31 to 2.21) and hospital length of stay (1.37, 1.14 to 1.66) after ASO. Gestational age mediated up to 60% of the effect of prenatal diagnosis on postoperative outcomes.ConclusionAmong newborns undergoing ASO for TGA, prenatal diagnosis is associated with poorer early postoperative outcomes. In addition to minimising iatrogenic factors (such as planned births) resulting in earlier births, evaluation of other dynamics following a prenatal diagnosis which may result in poor fetal growth and earlier onset of spontaneous labour is important.
Incidental DCIS within a fibroadenoma
Authors: Chen Arnold , Kanakaratne Shaveen , Britten-Jones Philip , Bingham Janne 
Published: September 2023

A female in her early 20s was referred to the breast-endocrine surgeons with a self-detected tender left breast lump on the background of a family history of breast cancer. A physical examination revealed a rubbery and mobile mass in the left upper breast. Ultrasound demonstrated a solid hypoechoic mass with a likely differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma, with a subsequent core needle biopsy (CNB) confirming a fibroadenoma. Given the size and tenderness of the lump, an excisional biopsy was performed. Histology revealed a fibroadenoma with components of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, contained within the fibroadenoma and excised with clear margins.Following surgical excision, a multidisciplinary review determined that no further local therapy was required and recommended a genetics referral. This case was interesting as it raised important questions, including what the best surveillance strategies are for female patients with breast cancer within fibroadenoma and determining the risk and probability of missing epithelial atypia via CNB.
Recurrent episodes of febrile dyspnoea: hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by a household ultrasonic humidifier
Authors: Kurian George Karun , Simonin Valentin , Colombé Jessica , Duplain Hervé 
Published: September 2023

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease that presents with respiratory symptoms, with or without systemic symptoms, following exposure to an identified or unidentified external factor. It can be caused by extrinsic factors including household items such as ultrasonic humidifiers.We present an intriguing case of a previously healthy 50-year-old man who displayed recurrent episodes of progressive dyspnoea and fever after repeated exposure to his household ultrasonic humidifier. He was treated with corticosteroids, followed by the removal of the humidifier, resulting in total recovery and absence of recurrence of further episodes.The clinical presentation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis can be dramatic, and the differential diagnosis is broad. The correct diagnosis is achieved by combining clinical, radiological and histopathological patterns. The key to finding the aetiology lies in a thorough history, with an important role for household investigations to identify the external factor.
Motivational simulated teaching of clinical skills using formative assessment methods for medical undergraduate students: between-group evaluation of a simulated course in a Chinese medical college
Authors: Yang Wen , Ruan Manzhen , Gong Jie , Peng Miao , Wang Zhen , Xia Wenfang , Liu Xianzhe , Yang Guangyao 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTeaching clinical skills is an important component of educational programmes for medical undergraduates. However, the extension of the interval between the completion of the course and qualification examination affects the performance of students in the skill examination. This study established a multisource evaluation system to determine whether formative assessment can enhance the instruction of clinical skills.MethodsFormative assessment was introduced to the entire training course on clinical skills, in which diversified methods were used to observe the performance of students during training. Students in the experimental group received training for clinical skills using formative assessment (class of 2019, n=128), while students in the control group received traditional training without formative assessment (class of 2018, n=123). Both groups participated in the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) conducted by Tongji Medical College, and the exam scores were taken as the objective measure of course outcome. After completing the course, all students in the experimental group were instructed to fill in a questionnaire to evaluate their experience in the training programme, as a subjective measure of course outcome.ResultsCompared with the control group, students in the experimental group received significantly better practical scores in the four clinical skills tested by the OSCE. The questionnaire results revealed that the majority of students who were trained using formative assessment methods considered the course helpful for learning, and appreciated the course for the clinical skills they had gained, and the opportunity to receive and give feedback to the instructors.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that formative assessment methods are beneficial for learning clinical skills through simulated teaching, as shown by the improved objective clinical skills evaluated by the structured clinical examination, and the self-reported satisfaction with the learning process.
Scoping review of modelling studies assessing the impact of disruptions to essential health services during COVID-19
Authors: Veettil Sajesh K , Schwerer Luke , Kategeaw Warittakorn , Toth Damon , Samore Matthew H , Hutubessy Raymond , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundStudies assessing the indirect impact of COVID-19 using mathematical models have increased in recent years. This scoping review aims to identify modelling studies assessing the potential impact of disruptions to essential health services caused by COVID-19 and to summarise the characteristics of disruption and the models used to assess the disruptions.MethodsEligible studies were included if they used any models to assess the impact of COVID-19 disruptions on any health services. Articles published from January 2020 to December 2022 were identified from PubMed, Embase and CINAHL, using detailed searches with key concepts including COVID-19, modelling and healthcare disruptions. Two reviewers independently extracted the data in four domains. A descriptive analysis of the included studies was performed under the format of a narrative report.ResultsThis scoping review has identified a total of 52 modelling studies that employed several models (n=116) to assess the potential impact of disruptions to essential health services. The majority of the models were simulation models (n=86; 74.1%). Studies covered a wide range of health conditions from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases. COVID-19 has been reported to disrupt supply of health services, demand for health services and social change affecting factors that influence health. The most common outcomes reported in the studies were clinical outcomes such as mortality and morbidity. Twenty-five studies modelled various mitigation strategies; maintaining critical services by ensuring resources and access to services are found to be a priority for reducing the overall impact.ConclusionA number of models were used to assess the potential impact of disruptions to essential health services on various outcomes. There is a need for collaboration among stakeholders to enhance the usefulness of any modelling. Future studies should consider disparity issues for more comprehensive findings that could ultimately facilitate policy decision-making to maximise benefits to all.
Integrating equity, diversity and inclusion throughout the lifecycle of AI within healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Nyariro Milka , Emami Elham , Caidor Pascale , Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi Samira 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve efficiency and quality of care in healthcare settings. The lack of consideration for equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in the lifecycle of AI within healthcare settings may intensify social and health inequities, potentially causing harm to under-represented populations. This article describes the protocol for a scoping review of the literature relating to integration of EDI in the AI interventions within healthcare setting. The objective of the review is to evaluate what has been done on integrating EDI concepts, principles and practices in the lifecycles of AI interventions within healthcare settings. It also aims to explore which EDI concepts, principles and practices have been integrated into the design, development and implementation of AI in healthcare settings.Method and analysisThe scoping review will be guided by the six-step methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley supplemented by Levac et al, and Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework for scoping reviews. Relevant literature will be identified by searching seven electronic databases in engineering/computer science and healthcare, and searching the reference lists and citations of studies that meet the inclusion criteria. Studies on AI in any healthcare and geographical settings, that have considered aspects of EDI, published in English and French between 2005 and present will be considered. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full-text articles according to inclusion criteria. We will conduct a thematic analysis and use a narrative description to describe the work. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion with the third reviewer. Extracted data will be summarised and analysed to address aims of the scoping review. Reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. The study began in April 2022 and is expected to end in September 2023. The database initial searches resulted in 5,745 records when piloted in April 2022.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The study will map the available literature on EDI concepts, principles and practices in AI interventions within healthcare settings, highlight the significance of this context, and offer insights into the best practices for incorporating EDI into AI-based solutions in healthcare settings. The results will be disseminated through open-access peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, social media and 2-day workshops with relevant stakeholders.
Perioperative sleep disorders in gynaecological daycase surgery patients and analysis of risk factors: protocol for a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Wensi , Gao Teng , Liu Fanglin , Zhang Haijing , Wang Shaoheng 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionSleep disorders are clinical syndromes of disturbed sleep-wake rhythms and abnormal sleep quality. They have various causes, but their main manifestations are difficulty falling asleep, sleep disruption and daytime fatigue. These are common clinical symptoms in perioperative patients, especially in gynaecological patients. There is a lack of research on the factors influencing perioperative sleep disorders in gynaecological patients. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders in gynaecological surgery patients and to analyse the possible factors influencing them to provide new ideas for improving sleep disorders in this patient population.Methods and analysisThis cross-sectional, descriptive and observational survey is planned to include 480 gynaecological day surgery patients. All patients who meet the inclusion criteria are eligible to join the study. The study will record preoperative diagnosis, surgical procedure, duration of surgery, type of anaesthesia, anaesthetic drugs, sleep quality, anxiety and depression levels and pain indices 30 days before and 1, 2, 3 and 30 days after surgery.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University (Approval Number: sjtkyll-lx-2022(109)) before the start of recruitment. The results of the study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200064533.
Integration of the social determinants of health into quality indicators for colorectal cancer surgery: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bondzi-Simpson Adom , Ribeiro Tiago , Benipal Harsukh , Barabash Victoria , Lofters Aisha , Sutradhar Rinku , Snyder Rebecca A , Clarke Callisia , Coburn Natalie G , Hallet Julie 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionQuality monitoring is a critical component of high-performing cancer care systems. Quality indicators (QIs) are standardised, evidence-based measures of healthcare quality that allow healthcare systems to track performance, identify gaps in healthcare delivery and inform areas of priority for strategic planning. Social structures and economic systems that allow for unequal access to power and resources that shape health and health inequities can be described through the social determinants of health (SDoH) framework. Therefore, granular analysis of healthcare quality through SDoH frameworks is required to identify patient subgroups who may experience health inequity. Given the high burden of disease of colorectal cancer (CRC) and well-defined cancer care pathways, CRC is often the first disease site targeted by health systems for quality improvement. The objective of this review is to examine how SDoH have been integrated into QIs for CRC surgery. This review aims to address three primary questions: (1) Have SDoH been integrated into the development, reporting and assessment of CRC surgery QIs? (2) When integrated, what measures and statistical methods have been applied? (3) In which direction do individual SDoH influence QIs outputs?MethodsThis review will follow Arksey and O’Malley frameworks for scoping reviews. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, HealthSTAR databases for papers that examine QIs for CRC surgery applicable to healthcare systems from database inception until January 2023. Interventional trials, prospective and retrospective observational studies, reviews, case series and qualitative study designs will be included. Two authors will independently review all titles, abstracts and full texts to determine which studies meet the inclusion criteria.Ethics & disseminationNo ethics approval is required for this review. Results will be disseminated through scientific presentation and relevant conferences targeted for researchers examining healthcare quality and equity in cancer care.Registration detailsosf.io/vfzd3-Open Science Framework.
Does a Community Care programme reach a high health need population and high users of acute care hospital services in Melbourne, Australia? An observational cohort study
Authors: Shannon Brendan , Bowles Kelly-Ann , Williams Cylie , Ravipati Tanya , Deighton Elise , Andrew Nadine 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThe Community Care programme is an initiative aimed at reducing hospitalisations and emergency department (ED) presentations among patients with complex needs. We aimed to describe the characteristics of the programme participants and identify factors associated with enrolment into the programme.DesignThis observational cohort study was conducted using routinely collected data from the National Centre for Healthy Ageing data platform.SettingThe study was carried out at Peninsula Health, a health service provider serving a population in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsWe included all adults with unplanned ED presentation or hospital admission to Peninsula Health between 1 November 2016 and 31 October 2017, the programme’s first operational year.Outcome measuresCommunity Care programme enrolment was the primary outcome. Participants’ demographics, health factors and enrolment influences were analysed using a staged multivariable logistic regression.ResultsWe included 47 148 adults, of these, 914 were enrolled in the Community Care programme. Participants were older (median 66 vs 51 years), less likely to have a partner (34% vs 57%) and had more frequent hospitalisations and ED visits. In the multivariable analysis, factors most strongly associated with enrolment included not having a partner (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.83, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.12), increasing age (aOR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02), frequent hospitalisations (aOR 7.32, 95% CI 5.78 to 9.24), frequent ED visits (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.85) and having chronic diseases, such as chronic pulmonary disease (aOR 2.48, 95% CI 2.06 to 2.98), obesity (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.99) and diabetes mellitus (complicated) (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.13). Residing in aged care home and having high socioeconomic status) independently associated with reduced odds of enrolment.ConclusionsThe Community Care programme targets patients with high-readmission risks under-representation of individuals residing in residential aged care homes warrants further investigation. This study aids service planning and offers valuable feedback to clinicians about programme beneficiaries
Reducing hospital admissions in patients with malignant pleural effusion: a quality improvement study
Authors: Cloyes Rebecca R , Josan Enambir , Pastis Nicholas , Ma Jianing , Palettas Marilly , Peng Jing , Vasko-Wood Susan , Mohrman Chelsea , Ghattas Christian , Presley Carolyn , Revelo Alberto , Pannu Jasleen 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundMalignant pleural effusions (MPE) can cause severe dyspnoea leading to greater than 125 000 hospitalisations per year and cost greater than US$5 billion per year in the USA. Timely insertion of tunnelled pleural catheters (TPCs) is associated with fewer inpatient days and emergency department visits. We conducted a quality improvement study to reduce hospital admissions of patients with MPE.MethodsKey stakeholders were surveyed, including thoracic and breast oncology teams, general pulmonary and interventional pulmonology (IP) to help identify the underlying causes and solutions. Our preintervention group consisted of 51 patients who underwent TPC placement by our IP service. In our first intervention, we reviewed referrals for MPE with the scheduling team and triaged them based on urgency. In the second intervention, we added a follow-up phone call 1 week after the initial thoracentesis performed by IP to assess for the recurrence of symptoms.ResultsDemographic and clinical characteristics were summarised across the three groups. We evaluated the rate ratio (RR) of admissions in the intervention groups with the multivariable Poisson regression and adjusted for race, gender and cancer. Compared with the preintervention group, intervention I showed trends towards a 41% lower hospital admission rate (RR 0.59 (0.33–1.07), p=0.11). Compared with the preintervention group, intervention II showed trends towards a 40% lower hospital admission rate (RR 0.6 (0.36–0.99), p=0.07). The results did not reach statistical significance. Exploratory comparisons in readmission rates between interventions I and II showed no difference (RR 0.89 (0.43–1.79), p=0.75).ConclusionsBoth interventions showed trends toward fewer hospital readmissions although they were not statistically significant. Larger-size prospective studies would be needed to demonstrate the continued effectiveness of these interventions.