bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trainee Perspectives of Private Equity's Impact on Ophthalmology
Authors: Portney David S. , Goldstein Jenna , Berkowitz Sean T. , Novice Taylor S. , Patel Shriji , Law Janice , Tannen Bradford 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective The accelerated involvement of private equity (PE) in ophthalmology has many potential implications for the future of the field. The aim of this study was to evaluate trainee perspectives on PE's impact on ophthalmology.Methods An electronic survey was sent to trainees via an online ophthalmology research newsletter. The survey assessed for career goals and perspectives on the involvement of PE and its impact across a variety of attributes.Results A total of 41 United States-based respondents responded to the survey, 68% were medical students and 32% were residents or fellows. Seventy-eight percent of respondents reported they would not consider working for a PE-owned practice. There was a negative perceived impact of PE for physician autonomy, long-term physician income, career advancement, and quality of care. There was a positive perceived impact for the number of physician extenders, more referral sources, financial support, bargaining with insurance companies, starting physician salary, and administrative burden. All respondents agreed (76% strongly agree, 24% somewhat agree) that education about practice options and ownership structures is important to include in residency program education, with preferred modalities of small group discussions and on-site learning.Conclusions Trainees broadly perceive PE to negatively impact the practice of ophthalmology. While there were attributes perceived to be positively impacted by PE, these were not felt to be as important as those which may be negatively affected. New modalities for education about practice ownership options are necessary, and small group discussions and on-site learning may be of the highest yield for trainees.
A Case of Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbated by COVID-19
Authors: Kanatani Shingo , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Oikawa Shizuka , Tokumoto Shoichi , Tomioka Kazumi , Nishiyama Masahiro , Nozu Kandai , Nagase Hiroaki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, long-term neuromuscular disorder that can affect individuals of any age. In Japan, the Omicron variant of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began spreading in 2022, and many cases of neurological symptoms caused by the virus have been reported. Although COVID-19 has been reported to exacerbate MG in adults, there are no reports on the effects of COVID-19 on the MG symptoms of pediatric patients. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl with a 3-year history of MG who presented to our hospital with symptom exacerbation after COVID-19 infection. Four days before admission, she developed fever with a runny nose and cough. Three days before admission, she developed severe bilateral blepharoptosis and progressive limb weakness, and 2 days before admission, she was diagnosed with COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 antigen test. Physical examination revealed moderate blepharoptosis and mild bilateral upper and lower limb weakness. We diagnosed her with worsening MG due to COVID-19, and she was administered 400 mg/kg intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) daily for 5 days with continued oral corticosteroids and tacrolimus. The patient's symptoms improved promptly after admission and, at discharge 7 days after admission, her symptoms had significantly improved. During the 1-month outpatient follow-up period, she remained stable and the anti-acetylcholine receptor (AchR) antibody level was reduced to 14.6 nmol/L (from 18.5 nmol/L on admission). Our case suggests that COVID-19 exacerbates MG in both children and adults.
Advanced materials engineering in historical gypsum plaster formulations
Authors: Mishmastnehi Moslem , Van Driessche Alexander E. S. , Smales Glen J. , Moya Alicia , Stawski Tomasz M. 
Published: February 2023

We show how historical gypsum plaster preparation methods affect the microstructure and the wettability properties of the final stucco materials. We reproduced a traditional Persian recipe (Gach-e Koshteh,~14th century AD), which involves a continuous mechanical treatment during plaster hydration. These samples were compared with a laboratory-replicated historical recipe from Renaissance Italy (Gesso Sottile,~15th century AD) and contemporary low-strength plaster. TheKoshtehrecipe induces the formation of gypsum platelets, which exhibit preferential orientation in the plaster bulk. In contrast, the Italian and low-strength plasters comprise a typical needle-like morphology of gypsum crystals. The platelets inKoshtehexpose the more hydrophilic {010} face of gypsum in a much more pronounced manner than needles. Consequently, the Iranian plaster displays enhanced wettability, enabling its direct use for water-based decoration purposes, or as a fine finishing thin layer, without the need of mixing it with a binder material. Contrary, inSottile, gypsum crystals are left to equilibrate in large excess of water, which promotes the growth of long needles at the expense of smaller crystals. Typically, such needles are several times longer than those found in a control regular plaster. For this crystal habit, the total surface of hydrophilic faces is minimized. Consequently, such plaster layers tend to repel water, which can then be used, e.g., as a substrate for oil-based panel paintings. These findings highlight the development of advanced functional materials, by tuning their microtexture, already during the premodern era.
The human proton pump inhibitors inhibit
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
rifampicin efflux and macrophage-induced rifampicin tolerance
Authors: Lake M. Alexandra , Adams Kristin N. , Nie Feilin , Fowler Elaine , Verma Amit K. , Dei Silvia , Teodori Elisabetta , Sherman David R. , Edelstein Paul H. , Spring David R. , Troll Mark , Ramakrishnan Lalita 
Published: February 2023

Tuberculosis treatment requires months-long combination chemotherapy with multiple drugs, with shorter treatments leading to relapses. A major impediment to shortening treatment is that
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
becomes tolerant to the administered drugs, starting early after infection and within days of infecting macrophages. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that macrophage-induced drug tolerance is mediated by mycobacterial drug efflux pumps. Here, using assays to directly measure drug efflux, we find that
M. tuberculosis
transports the first-line antitubercular drug rifampicin through a proton gradient-dependent mechanism. We show that verapamil, a known efflux pump inhibitor, which inhibits macrophage-induced rifampicin tolerance, also inhibits
M.tuberculosis
rifampicin efflux. As with macrophage-induced tolerance, the calcium channel-inhibiting property of verapamil is not required for its inhibition of rifampicin efflux. By testing verapamil analogs, we show that verapamil directly inhibits
M. tuberculosis
drug efflux pumps through its human P-glycoprotein (PGP)-like inhibitory activity. Screening commonly used drugs with incidental PGP inhibitory activity, we find many inhibit rifampicin efflux, including the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole. Like verapamil, the PPIs inhibit macrophage-induced rifampicin tolerance as well as intramacrophage growth, which has also been linked to mycobacterial efflux pump activity. Our assays provide a facile screening platform for
M. tuberculosis
efflux pump inhibitors that inhibit in vivo drug tolerance and growth.
A memristive autapse-synapse neural network: application to image encryption
Authors: Zhang Xi , Jiang Donghua , De Dieu Nkapkop Jean , Njitacke Zeric Tabekoueng , Ahmad Musheer , Zhu Liya , Tsafack Nestor 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With the advent of the physical memristor, various memristive neural network models have been designed and analyzed to mimic some human brain functions. However, there is a realistic issue because many works reported the coupling of neuron models using either memristive synapse or memristive autapse, whereas in the real brain, a neuron can interact with both another neuron (memristive synapse) and with itself (memristive autapse). Two main ideas are developed in this work. First, we investigate the dynamics of two different neurons coupled via memristive synapse and memristive autapse. The analyses indicate that the global dynamics of this highly relies on the neuron’s coupling strength. Second, a cryptographic scheme based on both S-Box driven block compressive sensing and the memristive autapse synapse model is proposed. Performance analyses indicate that the coupling strength of the proposed neural network model can be adjusted to increase or decrease the security of medical data.
Lorentz transformation of three dimensional gravitational wave tensor
Authors: He Xiaokai , Cao Zhoujian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Recently there has been more and more interest in the gravitational wave (GW) of moving sources. This paper introduces a Lorentz transformation problem of GWs. Although the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) theory has in principle already included the Lorentz transformation of GWs, the transformation of the three-dimensional GW tensor has not been explicitly calculated before. Within four-dimensional spacetime, GWs have the properties of ‘boost weight zero’ and ‘spin weight 2’. This fact makes the Lorentz transformation of GWs difficult to understand. In the current paper, we adopt the traditional three-dimensional tensor description of a GW. Such a transverse-traceless tensor describes the GW freedom directly. We derive the explicit Lorentz transformation of the GW tensor. The transformation is similar to the Lorentz transformation for an electric field vector and a magnetic field vector which are three-dimensional vectors. Based on the deduced Lorentz transformation of the GW three-dimensional tensor, we can construct the gravitational waveform of a moving source with high speed if only the waveform of the corresponding rest waveform is given.
Resonance contributions from χ

c0 in charmless three-body hadronic B meson decays*
Authors: Zhang Ya-Lan , Wang Chao , Lin Yi , Xiao Zhen-Jun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Within the framework of perturbative QCD factorization, we investigate the nonfactorizable contributions to the factorization-forbidden quasi-two-body decays

with

. We compare our predicted branching ratios for the

decay with available experiment data as well as predictions by other theoretical studies. The branching ratios of these decays are consistent with data and other theoretical predictions. However, in the Cabibbo-suppressed decays

with

, the values of the branching ratios are of the order of

and

. The ratio

between the decays

and

and the distribution of branching ratios for different decay modes in invariant mass are considered in this study.
The Restricted Boltzmann Machine Ansatz through Adiabiatic Routes
Authors: Korutcheva Elka , Korutchev Kostadin , Santalla Silvia N. , Rodríguez-Laguna Javier , Chamati Hassan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We discuss the expressive power of the quantum restricted Boltzmann machine Ansatz in order to represent faithfully the operation process of a quantum spin-glass system undergoing an adiabatic quantum computation process. We address both the representability and the trainability problems associated to the restricted Boltzmann machine Ansatz when we try to describe the ground state of a quantum Ising spin-glass in a transverse field. In our approach, we obtain the ground state of the system using exact diagonalization and find the optimal restricted Boltzman machine. Our preliminary results show that due to the complex spin-glass landscape, for some topologies of the restricted Bolztmann machine, the parameters of the representation are hard to be found.
Comparative study of protective coating properties of CR-39-based spectacle lenses
Authors: Mihova Gergana , Andreeva Andreana , Zografov Nikolay 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This research aimed to study and compare the mechanical durability and contamination resistance of organic spectacle lenses for everyday use, based on CR-39 poly(allyl diglycol carbonate) (PADC), from different manufacturers. The objects of this research are selected corrective lenses from three different manufacturers. Each examined brand is represented by a reference uncoated lens and three other lenses with different types of protective coating. Each sample has been characterized experimentally in our laboratory conditions according to three indicators of the surface: microhardness, roughness, and wetting properties. The results of this study are targeted to the eye specialists to compare the surface properties, essential for the daily usage of the spectacles, as well as the differences depending on the lens manufacturer.
Strain tunable conductivity and reflectivity of low dimensional systems within the Hubbard model
Authors: Celebonovic Vladan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the conductivity and reflectivity of 1D and 2D systems under strain, within the Hubbard model. The calculations discussed here are a distinct improvement compared to a previous paper on the same subject by the present author, where only the real component of the conductivity was taken into account. In the calculations discussed here, both the real and imaginary components are taken into account. The final result is that the reflectivity is strain dependent. Details depend on the material parameters. Some hints on the possible practical applicability of the results are briefly mentioned.
Dynamic simulation of the quasiparticle excitations spectra in the magnetic bcc iron
Authors: Angelova Elena , Chamati Hassan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We used the LAMMPS algorithm for spin-lattice dynamics to model the coupled relaxation processes of the spin and lattice subsystems in bcc Fe with the aim to investigate the relevant phonon and magnon dispersion laws at T = 300 K. The atomic interactions were modeled via the semi-empirical many-body Chamati EAM potential, while the distance-dependent spin coupling relied on the Heisenberg-type Hamiltonian. In the state of mutual equilibrium of the spin and lattice ensembles, we have calculated the dynamic matrix of the phonons, the intermediate scattering function, the dynamical structure factor and finally the phonon spectra in bcc-iron. We found that the experimental data could be described best by the elastic [100] and [110] modes calculated in the dynamic structure factor approach for all wavevector absolute values q. Moreover, the impact of magnons on the phonon spectra is pronounced for all investigated directions, but there are elastic vibrations which remain unaltered by interaction with magnons.
Interfaces in ALD very thin Al2O3/HfO2 stacks studied by ellipsometry
Authors: Karmakov Y , Paskaleva A , Spassov D 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Stacks and laminates of high-k binary oxides as Al2O3/HfO2 deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) recently are intensively investigated not only for optical applications and micro/nano- electronics devices but also for replacing the conventional single dielectric layers in charge trapping flash memories. The efforts are focused on low cycle numbers of HfO2 to Al2O3 ALD and the way the sublayers alternate as blocks. Although the growth of the both HfO2 and Al2O3 sublayers in ALD stacks is a result of fixed cycles and intended refractive index dispersions in combination whit fixed optical band gaps, the stack parameters frequently show some flexibility in regard to the thickness in case of low dimensions. Ellipsometry is a known optical method with powerful algorithms for experimental data interpretations. Here the ellipsometric data on very thin Al2O3/HfO2 stacks as active unites in charge trapping memory devices were processed by suitable algorithms in order to determine the individual thickness of HfO2 and Al2O3 sublayers, their variation in stack depth and deviations from the nominal thicknesses. Interface regions were determined in the stack beginning and in an initial growth of every block. Interfaces were identified as Al2O3-HfO2 mixtures with a changeable composition and thickness in the stack depth.
Charge trapping effects in nonvolatile memory cells with HfO2/Al2O3 nanolaminated trapping layer
Authors: Spassov D , Paskaleva A , Guziewicz E , Stanchev T , Ivanov Tz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The charge trapping effects in memory cells with HfO2/Al2O3 nanolaminated stacks with two different thicknesses (2.4 and 3.5 nm) of the tunnel SiO2 layer were investigated. The HfO2/Al2O3 stacks were fabricated by atomic layer deposition and received post deposition annealing in O2. The structures with 3.5 nm tunnel oxide were found to provide higher density of trapped charges. The obtained trapped negative charge density is -3.56×10−6 C/cm2 and the positive one is 4.03×10−6 C/cm2. It is demonstrated that the electron trapping is significantly influenced by the amount of available electrons in the inversion layer. Under illumination, pulses with duration of 1 ms could provide trapped negative charge density equal to ~60% the value obtained at 10 s duration, where a saturation of the trapped charge is found. The hole trapping is not influenced by the illumination of capacitors and it is found to be slower than the electron one. Some aspects of the trapping process as well as some of the peculiarities in the capacitance-voltage curves obtained in the course of the measurements are briefly discussed.
Investigation of porous ZnSe thin films prepared by thermal evaporation
Authors: Dzhurkov V , Levi Z , Nesheva D , Hristova-Vasileva T , Terziyska P , Miloushev I , Tenev T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
ZnSe films with thickness of 50, 70 and 100 nm were prepared on Corning 7059 glass substrates at room temperature by applying continuous or periodically interrupted physical vapour deposition at very low deposition rates (0.2 and 0.5 nm s−1). Part of the films was annealed at 200 °C after deposition. Optical absorption spectra determined from spectroscopic ellipsometry data show direct allowed transitions, which indicate that the films have microcrystalline structure. This is in agreement with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy results. The spectroscopic ellipsometry results also show that the porosity of the films is strongly affected by both manner of deposition and deposition rate; the annealing causes some porosity decrease. Optical transmission spectra reveal that the transmittance of as-deposited films, obtained by periodically interrupted manner is significantly influenced by their porosity.
Interactions between hard corals and reef fish communities in the Komodo National Park, East Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Hadi T A , Sujono P A W , Clarita C , Budiyanto A , Edrus N I , Sulha S , Kefi A , Giyanto  
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Komodo National Park is one of the largest National Parks in Indonesia that conserves not only terrestrial to protect the habitat of Komodo dragons but also marine areas. The marine ecosystems play important roles in protecting the shoreline from abrasion and supporting sustainability of seafood supplies for local communities. This study presents observed interactions between hard corals (number of species and coverage) and reef fish communities (number of species, abundance, and biomass). Coral monitoring was conducted at 12 stations in 2019. The study found 211 species of hard corals with an average hard coral cover of 30.84%. There is no significant correlation between the number of coral species with the fish communities. However, the branching coral cover shows a significant correlation with herbivorous fish communities (the number of species, abundance, and biomass. Such correlation may be attributed to the structural complexity of branching corals which provides shelters that prevent herbivorous fish from predation. Although branching corals are physically vulnerable to destruction and bleaching, their existence can promote herbivorous fish population sustainability and reef resilience.
Valorization of emperor fish (Lethrinus lentjan) skin for collagen isolation: effect of acetic acid ratio and extraction time
Authors: Firdayanti W , Trilaksani W , Purwaningsih S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
About 30% of all the proteins in an animal’s body are found in the extracellular matrix, the major consisting of collagen. Industries that process emperor fish (Lethrinus lentjan) produce fish skin that can be utilized to produce collagen sustainably. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of various ratios acetic acid to fish skin and extraction times on the characteristics of collagen. Collagen from the skin of emperor fish was extracted and treated first. For the pretreatment, the skin was immersed in 0.1 M NaOH tenfold (w/v) and replaced after 2 hours for 24 hours at 4 °C. The soaking solution’s proteins, amino acids, and lipid content were all examined. A pre-treated sample was extracted in 0.5 M acetic acid for 24, 36, and 48 hours at 4°C in ratios of 1:10, 1:20, and 1:30. (w:v). The optimum treatment involved extracting for 48 hours at 1:30 (w/v) in acetic acid. The extracted collagen has a yield of 7.70±35% and a whiteness value of 66.76±0.2. The primary amino acids were glycine, proline, and alanine, according to the peptide patterns of the collagen from the skin of emperor fish, which showed α1 and α2 chains with molecular weights of 150-177 kDa. Additionally, this collagen was type 1, and its FTIR spectra and protein pattern were comparable.
Occurrence of emerging contaminants in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia: pharmaceuticals and personal care products
Authors: Sudaryanto A , Witama R O , Nosaki K , Tanoue R , Suciati F , Sachoemar S I , Hayami Y , Morimoto A , Nomiyama K , Kunisue T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Contamination by emerging contaminants of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) has been a matter of global concern due to increasing their occurrence in the environment and their potential toxic effect. Despite the increasing number of publications on PPCPs in aquatic environments worldwide, only very few data are available in Indonesia. This study aims to determine PPCPs in the surface water of Jakarta Bay to understand their occurrence and distribution. Surface water was collected from 17 stations in September 2018. Samples were analyzed for 74 compounds of PPCPs using Ultra-fast Liquid Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In general, among PPCPs analyzed, 20 compounds occur in seawater from Jakarta Bay, of which 15 PPCPs were detected in 50% of the sampling stations. Among PPCPs detected, N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide (DEET), Ibuprofen, O-desmethyl tramadol, Mefenamic acid, Sulfamethoxazole and Tramadol were the predominant with mean and range concentrations of 51(nd-170), 6.9(nd-22), 6.5(nd-31), 4.8(nd-13), 2.2(nd-6.1), and 131.9(nd-4.8) ng/l, respectively. Whereas the other PPCPs were one or more orders of magnitude lower. Generally, concentrations of PPCPs were higher in the inner bay than outer bays. Another study from freshwater rivers which flow to Jakarta Bay showed a high concentration of DEET indicating that the environment was an essential source of PPCPs.