bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac sarcoidosis presenting with cardiogenic shock successfully recovered by Impella and corticosteroid pulse therapy: a case report
Authors: Hashimura Miho , Ikeda Yuki , Koitabashi Toshimi , Ako Junya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiac sarcoidosis (CS) occasionally disrupts circulatory haemodynamics due to arrhythmia or cardiac dysfunction.Case summaryA 70-year-old woman was diagnosed with CS, then was admitted for syncope because of complete atrioventricular block and frequently non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Although a temporary pacemaker and intravenous amiodarone were introduced, she subsequently went into cardiopulmonary arrest by ventricular fibrillation. After the return of spontaneous circulation, Impella cardiac power (CP) was introduced because of sustained hypotension and severely impaired left ventricular contraction. High-dose intravenous corticosteroid therapy was simultaneously introduced. Her atrioventricular conduction and left ventricular contraction drastically improved. Impella CP was successfully removed after 4 days of support. She was eventually administered steroid maintenance therapy and discharged.DiscussionWe report a case of CS with fulminant haemodynamic collapse treated with high-dose intravenous corticosteroid therapy under Impella assistance for acute haemodynamic support. Although CS has been known as an inflammatory disease with progressive cardiac dysfunction and rapid deterioration due to fatal arrhythmias, it can be improved with steroid therapy. It was suggested that strong haemodynamic support by Impella could be a bridge to manifest the effects after introducing steroid therapy to patients with CS.
Suspending Suspensions: The Education Production Consequences of School Suspension Policies*
Authors: Pope Nolan G , Zuo George W 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Managing student behaviour is integral to the education production process. We study the trade-offs of school suspension policies by modelling and estimating how changes in school suspension policies causally impact student performance and teacher turnover. Our results indicate that the reduction in suspension rates in the Los Angeles Unified School District decreased math and English test scores, decreased grade point averages and increased absences. Teacher turnover also increased, particularly for inexperienced teachers. We also document an efficiency-equity trade-off: while achievement decreased for most students in the district, the highest-risk students experienced moderate gains in achievement.
Political Risk, Populism and the Economy
Authors: Balduzzi Pierluigi , Brancati Emanuele , Brianti Marco , Schiantarelli Fabio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the financial and real effects of political risk shocks for Italy, Spain, Ireland, Portugal and Greece between 2008 and 2019. We build an instrument for these shocks using the changes of the sovereign yield spread around political and policy dates, and estimate their effects in the context of local projection. We show that adverse political risk shocks have negative effects on domestic financial markets and in some countries generate spillovers on the spreads of other eurozone economies. Moreover, in Italy populism-related political risk shocks have a larger effect on financial markets and they harm the real economy.
Vocational education, tertiary education, and skill use across career stages
Authors: Schulz Wiebke , Solga Heike , Pollak Reinhard 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Vocational education enhances smooth transitions into the labour market. However, this initial advantage might vanish over the career and eventually turn into a disadvantage because the skills of vocationally trained workers become outdated faster. So far, research has examined this potential vocational trade-off by assessing labour market outcomes such as employment and income. This study uses a different approach, it directly examines how different types of skills used at work change over the career of vocationally trained workers compared to tertiary-educated workers, and how career events shape skill-use changes. With data from the German National Education Study (NEPS), we examine five skills use dimensions based on job-tasks measures: analytical, creative, managerial, interactive, and manual skills. We find that skill-use differentials between vocational and tertiary-educated workers are only small to modest. The clearest differences relate to analytical and manual skills. Looking across career stages, the observed skill-use differentials remain rather stable across career stages—thus, the vocational skill trade-off thesis is only partially supported. Occupational mobility and unemployment contribute to observable changes, whereas job-related further training does not. Our results challenge skill-based explanations of a vocational trade-off.
Endovascular revascularization strategies for aortoiliac and femoropopliteal artery disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Koeckerling David , Raguindin Peter Francis , Kastrati Lum , Bernhard Sarah , Barker Joseph , Quiroga Centeno Andrea Carolina , Raeisi-Dehkordi Hamidreza , Khatami Farnaz , Niehot Christa , Lejay Anne , Szeberin Zoltan , Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Nordanstig Joakim , Muka Taulant , Baumgartner Iris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsOptimal endovascular management of intermittent claudication (IC) remains disputed. This systematic review and meta-analysis compares efficacy and safety outcomes for balloon angioplasty (BA), bare-metal stents (BMS), drug-coated balloons (DCB), drug-eluting stents (DES), covered stents, and atherectomy.Methods and resultsElectronic databases were searched for randomized, controlled trials (RCT) from inception through November 2021. Efficacy outcomes were primary patency, target-lesion revascularization (TLR), and quality-of-life (QoL). Safety endpoints were all-cause mortality and major amputation. Outcomes were evaluated at short-term (&lt;1 year), mid-term (1–2 years), and long-term (≥2 years) follow-up. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021292639). Fifty-one RCTs enrolling 8430 patients/lesions were included. In femoropopliteal disease of low-to-intermediate complexity, DCBs were associated with higher likelihood of primary patency [short-term: odds ratio (OR) 3.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.44–4.24; long-term: OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.93–3.16], lower TLR (short-term: OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.22–0.49; long-term: OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.29–0.60) and similar all-cause mortality risk, compared with BA. Primary stenting using BMS was associated with improved short-to-mid-term patency and TLR, but similar long-term efficacy compared with provisional stenting. Mid-term patency (OR 1.64, 95% CI 0.89–3.03) and TLR (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.22–1.11) estimates were comparable for DES vs. BMS. Atherectomy, used independently or adjunctively, was not associated with efficacy benefits compared with drug-coated and uncoated angioplasty, or stenting approaches. Paucity and heterogeneity of data precluded pooled analysis for aortoiliac disease and QoL endpoints.ConclusionCertain devices may provide benefits in femoropopliteal disease, but comparative data in aortoiliac arteries is lacking. Gaps in evidence quantity and quality impede identification of the optimal endovascular approach to IC.
Structurally constrained inversion by means of a Minimum Gradient Support regularizer: examples of FD-EMI data inversion constrained by GPR reflection data
Authors: Klose Tim , Guillemoteau Julien , Vignoli Giulio , Walter Judith , Herrmann Andreas , Tronicke Jens 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYMany geophysical inverse problems are known to be ill-posed and, thus, requiring some kind of regularization in order to provide a unique and stable solution. A possible approach to overcome the inversion ill-posedness consists in constraining the position of the model interfaces. For a grid-based parameterization, such a structurally constrained inversion can be implemented by adopting the usual smooth regularization scheme in which the local weight of the regularization is reduced where an interface is expected. By doing so, sharp contrasts are promoted at interface locations while standard smoothness constraints keep affecting the other regions of the model. In this work, we present a structurally constrained approach and test it on the inversion of frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (FD-EMI) data using a regularization approach based on the Minimum Gradient Support stabilizer, which is capable to promote sharp transitions everywhere in the model, i.e., also in areas where no structural a prioriinformation is available. Using 1D and 2D synthetic data examples, we compare the proposed approach to a structurally constrained smooth inversion as well as to more standard (i.e., not structurally constrained) smooth and sharp inversions. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach helps in finding a better and more reliable reconstruction of the subsurface electrical conductivity distribution, including its structural characteristics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it allows to promote sharp parameter variations in areas where no structural information are available. Lastly, we apply our structurally constrained scheme to FD-EMI field data collected at a field site in Eastern Germany to image the thickness of peat deposits along two selected profiles. In this field example, we use collocated constant offset ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data to derive structural a priori information to constrain the inversion of the FD-EMI data. The results of this case study demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed approach.
Computing spectral properties of topological insulators without artificial truncation or supercell approximation
Authors: Colbrook Matthew J , Horning Andrew , Thicke Kyle , Watson Alexander B 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTopological insulators (TIs) are renowned for their remarkable electronic properties: quantized bulk Hall and edge conductivities, and robust edge wave-packet propagation, even in the presence of material defects and disorder. Computations of these physical properties generally rely on artificial periodicity (the supercell approximation, which struggles in the presence of edges), or unphysical boundary conditions (artificial truncation). In this work, we build on recently developed methods for computing spectral properties of infinite-dimensional operators. We apply these techniques to develop efficient and accurate computational tools for computing the physical properties of TIs. These tools completely avoid such artificial restrictions and allow one to probe the spectral properties of the infinite-dimensional operator directly, even in the presence of material defects, edges and disorder. Our methods permit computation of spectra, approximate eigenstates, spectral measures, spectral projections, transport properties and conductances. Numerical examples are given for the Haldane model, and the techniques can be extended similarly to other TIs in two and three dimensions.
Symptom Duration and Resolution With Early Outpatient Treatment of Convalescent Plasma for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Baksh Sheriza N , Heath Sonya L , Fukuta Yuriko , Shade David , Meisenberg Barry , Bloch Evan M , Tobian Aaron A R , Spivak Emily S , Patel Bela , Gerber Jonathan , Raval Jay S , Forthal Donald , Paxton James , Mosnaim Giselle , Anjan Shweta , Blair Janis , Cachay Edward , Currier Judith , Das Piyali , Huaman Moises , Sutcliffe Catherine , Yarava Anusha , Casadevall Arturo , Sullivan David , Hanley Daniel , Gebo Kelly A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) reduces hospitalizations among outpatients treated early after symptom onset. It is unknown whether CCP reduces time to symptom resolution among outpatients.

Methods
We evaluated symptom resolution at day 14 by trial arm using an adjusted subdistribution hazard model, with hospitalization as a competing risk. We also assessed the prevalence of symptom clusters at day 14 between treatments. Clusters were defined based on biologic clustering, impact on ability to work, and an algorithm.

Results
Among 1070 outpatients followed up after transfusion, 381 of 538 (70.8%) receiving CCP and 381 of 532 (71.6%) receiving control plasma were still symptomatic (P = .78) at day 14. Associations between CCP and symptom resolution by day 14 did not differ significantly from those in controls after adjustment for baseline characteristics (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.99; P = .62). The most common cluster consisted of cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, and headache and was found in 308 (57.2%) and 325 (61.1%) of CCP and control plasma recipients, respectively (P = .16).

Conclusions
In this trial of outpatients with early COVID-19, CCP was not associated with faster resolution of symptoms compared with control. Overall, there were no differences by treatment in the prevalence of each symptom or symptom clusters at day 14.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04373460.
Second-Phase Hepatitis C Plasma Viral Kinetics Directly Reflects Reduced Intrahepatic Burden of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Sachithanandham Jaiprasath , Balagopal Ashwin , Leep-Lazar Julia , Quinn Jeffrey , Bowden Kenneth , Ward Kathleen , Ribeiro Ruy M , Sulkowski Mark S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Mathematical models explain how antivirals control viral infections. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment results in at least 2 phases of decline in viremia. The first phase reflects clearance of rapidly produced virions. The second phase is hypothesized to derive from loss of infected cells but has been challenging to prove.

Methods
Using single-cell methods, we quantified the number of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected hepatocytes in liver biopsies taken before and within 7 days of initiating direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in a double-blinded randomized controlled trial testing 2 (sofosbuvir-velpatasvir) versus 3 (sofosbuvir-velpatasvir-voxilaprevir) DAAs.

Results
We employed thousands of intrahepatic measurements in 10 persons with chronic genotype 1a HCV infection: median proportion of infected hepatocytes declined from 11.3% (range, 1.3%–59%) to 0.6% (range, &lt;0.3%–5.8%), a loss of 75%–95% infected hepatocytes. Plasma viremia correlated with numbers of HCV-infected hepatocytes (r = 0.77; P &lt; .0001). Second-phase plasma dynamics and changes in infected hepatocytes were indistinct (P = .16), demonstrating that second-phase viral dynamics derive from loss of infected cells. DAAs led to a decline in intracellular HCV RNA and interferon-stimulated gene expression (P &lt; .05 for both).

Conclusions
We proved that second-phase viral dynamics reflect decay of intrahepatic burden of HCV, partly due to clearance of HCV RNA from hepatocytes.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02938013.
Hyperosmotic stress response regulates interstitial homeostasis and pathogenic inflammation
Authors: Sumida Tomokazu S 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHyperosmotic stress triggers an evolutionally preserved, fundamental cellular response. A growing body of evidence has highlighted the role of extra-renal, interstitial hyperosmolality in maintaining local tissue immune homeostasis and potentially driving tissue inflammation in human diseases. The hyperosmotic stress response initiates cellular shrinkage, oxidative stress, metabolic remodeling and cell cycle arrest, all of which are adjusted by a counteractive adaptative response that includes osmolyte synthesis, upregulation of ion transporters and induction of heat shock proteins. Recent studies have revealed that high osmolality can impact immune cell differentiation and activation pathways in a cell type specific manner. The fine-tuning of the immune response depends on the tissue microenvironment. Accordingly, novel therapeutic approaches that target hyperosmolality-mediated inflammation may be identified by furthering our understanding of hyperosmotic response in the context of disease. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which hyperosmotic stress response regulates interstitial homeostasis and pathogenic inflammation.
Immunity in the brain and surrounding tissues
Authors: Kanamori Mitsuhiro , Ito Minako 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImmune reactions in the brain, the most complex organ that directly or indirectly regulates almost every part of the body and its actions, need to be tightly regulated. Recent findings in the field of neuroimmunology have enhanced our understanding of immune cells not only inside the brain but also in adjacent tissues. Multiple types of immune cells exist and are active in neighboring border tissues, even in the steady state. In addition, advances in technology have allowed researchers to characterize a broad range of cell types, including stromal cells that support immune reactions. This review presents a short overview of the roles of the immune system in the brain during health and disease, with focus on adaptive immunity and anatomical sites of action. We also discuss potential roles of stromal cells.
Lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in T2 low rectal cancer: is TME alone sufficient for cure?
Authors: Ouchi Akira , Inoue Manabu , Sato Yusuke , Takamizawa Yasuyuki , Kinoshita Takashi , Moritani Konosuke , Komori Koji , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Kanemitsu Yukihide 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Some patients with even T2 low rectal cancer are known to develop lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis. This study aimed to investigate real-world evidence regarding lateral nodal metastasis on T2 low rectal cancer treatment.

Methods
Consecutive patients with pathological T2 low rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent curative-intent surgery between January 2007 and December 2015 at two Japanese cancer centres dedicated to lateral pelvic lymph node dissection were identified and included in the analysis. Lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis was defined as pathologically confirmed metastatic lateral pelvic lymph node or lateral-local recurrence after primary surgery.

Results
A total of 215 consecutive patients, including 101 and 114 patients who did and did not undergo bilateral lateral pelvic lymph node dissection, were included in the analysis. Overall, 19 (8.8%) patients had lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis, including 13 with pathologically confirmed metastatic lateral pelvic lymph node and six with lateral-local recurrence. A total of 10 (4.7%) patients had local recurrence, including six with lateral-local recurrence, two with central-local recurrence and two with anastomotic recurrence. Five/7-year cumulative risks of lateral-local recurrence in patients with and without lateral pelvic lymph node dissection were 1.1/1.1% and 3.9/5.2%, respectively.

Conclusion
The problem of the relatively high rate of lateral local recurrence remains in treating T2 low rectal cancer with only total mesorectal excision. The selection of high-risk patients of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis and the indication of additional treatment in T2 low rectal cancer should be discussed further.
Cognitive Load Influences Drop Jump Landing Mechanics During Cognitive-Motor-Simulated Shooting
Authors: McCarren Gillian , Chaput Meredith , Grooms Dustin R , Criss Cody R , Buckley Sean , Brazalovich Philip , Yom Jae , Simon Janet E 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Military duties require immense cognitive-motor multitasks that may predispose soldiers to musculoskeletal injury. Most cognitive challenges performed in the research laboratory are not tactical athlete specific, limiting generalizability and transferability to in-field scenarios. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a cognitive-motor multitask (forward drop jump landing while simultaneously performing simulated shooting) on knee kinetics and kinematics.

Methods
Twenty-four healthy collegiate Reserve Officer’s Training Corps members (18 males and 6 females, 20.42 ± 1.28 years, 174.54 ± 10.69 cm, 78.11 ± 14.96 kg) volunteered, and knee kinetics and kinematics were assessed between baseline and cognitive-loaded conditions. Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted for each dependent variable with the within-subject factor of condition (baseline vs. cognitive load).

Results
Univariate ANOVAs indicated that knee flexion angle at initial contact (IC) (decreased 6.07°; d = 3.14), knee flexion displacement (increased 6.78°; d = 1.30), knee abduction angle at IC (increased 2.3°; d = 1.46), peak knee abduction angle (increased 3.04°; d = 0.77), and peak vertical ground reaction force (increased 0.81 N/kg; d = 2.13) were significant between conditions (P &lt; .001). Therefore, cognitive load resulted in decreased knee flexion and increased knee abduction angle at IC and greater peak vertical ground reaction force, all factors commonly associated with knee injury risk. Peak knee flexion angle and knee abduction displacement were not significant between conditions (P &gt; .05).

Conclusions
Cognitive challenge induced knee landing biomechanics commonly associated with injury risk. Injury risk screening or return-to-training or duty assessments in military personnel might consider both baseline and cognitive conditions.
Rates and Predictors of Surgery for Lumbar Disc Herniation Between the Military and Civilian Health Care Systems
Authors: Anderson Ashley B , Watson Nora L , Pisano Alfred J , Neal Christopher J , Fredricks Donald J , Helgeson Melvin D , Brooks Daniel I , Wagner Scott C 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Study Design
Retrospective review (level of evidence III).

Objective
Surgical care patterns for lumbar disc herniation (LDH), a common musculoskeletal condition of high relevance to the Military Health System (MHS), have not been described or compared across the direct care and purchased care MHS components. This study aimed to describe surgery rates in MHS beneficiaries who were diagnosed with LDH in direct care versus purchased care and to evaluate characteristics associated with the location of surgery. Differences in care patterns for LDH may suggest unexpected variation within the centrally managed MHS.

Methods
We described 1-year rates of surgery among beneficiaries who were diagnosed with LDH in direct care versus purchased care. Among beneficiaries who were diagnosed in direct care and had surgery, multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify characteristics associated with surgery location.

Results
We identified 726,638 MHS beneficiaries who were diagnosed with LDH in direct care or purchased care during the 9-year study period. One-year surgery rates were 10.1% in beneficiaries who were diagnosed in direct care versus 11.3% in beneficiaries who were diagnosed in purchased care. Among the 7467 patients who were diagnosed in direct care and had surgery within 1 year, characteristics associated with lower probability of surgery in purchased care versus direct care included diagnosing facility type (hospital with a neurosurgery or spine specialty versus clinic (odds ratio [OR], 0.12 (95% CI, 0.10-0.15)), Navy versus Army (OR, 0.24 (95% CI, 0.21-0.28)), and diagnosing facility specialty (Medical Expense and Performance Reporting System) (surgical care (OR, 0.33 (95% CI, 0.27-0.40)) and orthopedic care (OR, 0.39 (95% CI, 0.33-0.46)) versus primary care. The presence of comorbidities was associated with higher probability of surgery in purchased care versus direct care (OR, 1.20 (95% CI, 1.06-1.36)).

Conclusions
The 1-year rate of surgery for LDH was modestly higher in beneficiaries who were diagnosed in purchased care versus direct care. Among patients who were diagnosed in direct care, several patient-level and facility-level characteristics were associated with receiving surgery in purchased care, suggesting potentially unexpected variation in care utilization across components of the MHS.