bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the relationship between disc hemorrhage and primary open‐angle glaucoma using genome‐wide association study
Authors: Seo Je Hyun 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To investigate the genetic loci related of disc hemorrhage (DH) using genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and the causal association between DH and primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) in East Asian population.Methods: The GWAS was conducted on 8,488 Koreans who underwent ocular examination and fundus photography to determine the presence of DH and POAG. After identifying significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with DH, we conducted an analysis to determine the heritability and genetic correlation for DH and POAG. The SNPs discovered in the current research were utilized as instrumental variables (IVs) for the two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The POAG outcome dataset was validated using Biobank Japan data (n = 179,351), which comprise the East Asian population.Results: We found that the rs62463744 (TMEM270;ELN), rs11658281 (CCDC42) and rs77127203 (PDE10A;LINC00473) were SNPs associated with DH. The SNP heritability of DH was estimated as 6.7% with showing the absence of the genetic correlation with POAG. The MR analysis using 9 SNPs as IVs, revealed that the causal association of DH on POAG for East Asian population was not present using IVW method [odd ratio (OR) = 1.01, p = 0.69].Conclusions: The novel loci underlying DH in Korea cohort revealed SNPs in the ELN, CCDC41 and LINC00473 genes. However, the causal effects of DH on the risk of glaucoma were not found. These absence of the causal association with DH on POAG implies that the current understanding of DH is a risk factor for glaucoma, warranting further investigations.
Relationship between persistence with topical antiglaucomatous prescription and patient socioeconomic status at a Tertiary University Hospital in Jerez De La Frontera (Spain)
Authors: Sanchez Javier Benitez‐del‐Castillo , Gonzalez Ignacio Pereira , Jimenez‐Carmona Soledad , Cordoba‐Doña Juan Antonio , de Torres Jimenez Miguel 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To study the relationship between socioeconomic status and persistence with topical antiglaucomatous medication.Methods: A retrospective epidemiological observational cohort study was conducted with a sample of 1563 patients. The main dependent variable was persistence (medication possession ratio), the independent variable was socioeconomic status (deprivation index). Additional independent variables were used for multivariate analysis: individual health card index, sex, age, pharmacological group, number of eye drops, preservatives, diagnosis and concurrent medications. Bivariate statistical analysis was obtained using non‐parametric tests. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: Using Spearman's correlation, we obtained data showing greater persistence in the groups with a higher socioeconomic level (deprivation index 1 and 2, with medication possession ratio values of 79.97 and 75.30, respectively) as opposed to the groups at lower socioeconomic levels (deprivation index 4 and 5, with medication possession ratio values of 73.75 and 69.85, respectively). Logistic regression corroborated this difference, reaching a significant value (no persistence in deprivation index group 5 versus 1) with OR = 1.62; 95%CI: 1.13‐2.31. Additionally, lower persistence was detected in males, under 60 years of age, undergoing treatment with alpha‐agonists, and in patients with ocular hypertension.Conclusions: Low socioeconomic status of the patient was significantly associated with decreased persistence with topical antiglaucomatous therapy.
Optic nerve deep layer microvasculature according to different optic disc phenotypes in normal‐tension glaucoma
Authors: Lee Yunhan , Song Min Kyung , Shin Joong Won , Lee Jin Yeong , Hong Ji Wook , Kook Michael 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To determine whether the deep layer microvasculature measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) within ẞ‐parapapillary atrophy (ẞ‐PPA) and optic nerve head (ONH) vessel density (VD) differs among various optic disc phenotypes (ODPs) in normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG).Methods: This cross‐sectional study analyzed 100 NTG subjects with ẞ‐PPA (50 eyes with focal ischemic (FI) ODP and 50 eyes with myopic glaucomatous (MG) ODP matched for age [≤ 10 years] and glaucoma severity [mean deviation ≤ 1 dB]) as well as 50 healthy eyes. Using OCTA, parapapillary choroidal vessel density (pCVD) was measured on en‐face images of choroidal maps within the entire ẞ‐PPA area. The ONH vessel density (ONH‐VD) were evaluated on a 4.5 x 4.5 mm ONH en‐face projection image using the OCTA whole‐signal mode. This deep layer vasculatures were compared among the 3 groups. The relationships between pCVD and ONH‐VD outcomes and various clinical variables were assessed.Results: pCVD were significantly lower in eyes with MG group than Fl group (71.5% vs. 75.4%, p < 0.001). There is no significant difference in prevalence of choroidal microvasculature dropout (CMvD) between the two glaucomatous ODP types (44% vs. 44%, p = 1.0). Multivariate linear regression analysis in the entire NTG eyes showed that the MG ODP, longer axial length, lower inferior retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, lower inferior capillary density of optic disc, and presence of CMvD were independently associated with lower pCVD (all p < 0.05).Conclusions: OCTA‐measured pCVD differs between the two ODP types. MG ODP is significantly associated with generalized pCVD loss within the ẞ‐PPA in NTG eyes, while controlling other covariates. Independent effect of MG ODP on pCVD should be kept in mind when interpreting pCVD measurement among NTG eyes with different ODPs.
A Comparison of the corneal biomechanical properties in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma, and healthy subjects using corvis scheimpflug technology
Authors: Ohn Kyoung , Jung Younhea 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare corneal biomechanical properties using Corvis Scheimpflug Technology (ST) among pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG), primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and healthy controls.Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 patients were enrolled in the study. These include 20 eyes with PXG, 20 eyes with POAG and 20 eyes of normal controls. Corneal biomechanical properties measured by Corvis ST were compared among PXG, POAG, and normal control groups. Corneal biomechanical parameters, which included deformation amplitude (DA) ratio maximum (Max) (2mm), Ambrosio relational thickness (ARTh), Integrated radius, and corneal biomechanical index (CBI), were compared and analyzed after adjusting for intraocular pressure and age.Results: There were no significant differences in age, central corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure among the PXG group, POAG group, and normal control group (p = 0.133, p = 0.797, and p = 0.983, respectively). The DA ratio Max (2mm) value was significantly higher in the PXG group compared to normal control group after adjusting for IOP and age (4.48 ± 0.07 vs. 4.22 ± 0.07, p = 0.026). The Integrated Radius value was significantly higher in the PXG group compared to the POAG group after adjusting for IOP and age (8.42 ± 0.18 vs. 7.85 ± 0.17, p = 0.072).Conclusions: PXG showed significant differences compared to POAG and normal controls in corneal biomechanical properties. Even after adjusting for intraocular pressure and age, the cornea in the PXG group exhibited greater flexibility and deformation compared to the POAG and normal control groups. These results suggest that corneal biomechanical properties may influence intraocular pressure measurement in PXG patients and may be related to optic nerve vulnerability.
Pre‐clinical evaluation of the Hyaguard™ sub‐conjunctival insert in maintaining post‐trabeculectomy intra‐ocular pressure vs MMC and Prednisolone drops
Authors: Alambiaga‐Caravaca Adrián , Lemoine Mark , Salimbeigi Golestan , Ahmad Tauseef , Pohler Nina , O'Brien Fergal , O'Brien Colm , Hibbitts Alan 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: Post‐trabeculectomy rabbit model efficacy and safety evaluation of HyaGuard™; a biodegradable sub‐conjunctival drug eluting platform, designed to replace Mitomycin C (MMC) and post‐operate steroid drops in glaucoma drainage surgeries.Methods: Pre‐clinical evaluation was conducted on normotensive New Zealand White rabbits (8‐12 weeks old, 50/50 male/female). A 4x4 mm trabeculectomy was performed on the left eye of each rabbit. All animals received Ofloxacin 3mg/ml (2 drops) 4 times daily for one week. Control and 1% w/w prednisolone HyaGuard groups did not receive MMC or prednisolone drops, whereas positive control animals were treated with 0.04% MMC for 4 minutes followed by prednisolone acetate 0.5% drops (2 drops) 4 times daily for two weeks. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using TonoVet® pre‐operatively (week ‐1) and on days 3, 7, 14, and 28 post operation. Ophthalmic examinations were performed. Post study, eyes were histologically analyzed using H+E staining.Results: 1% prednisolone HyaGuard inserts demonstrated significantly better welfare and safety scores than standard of care. Histological analysis revealed no fibrotic encapsulation and intact conjunctivas. From an initial average IOP of 11.5 (± 1.0) mm Hg, the Day 28 ΔIOP (% of starting IOP) was ‐35.38 ±19.75% for MMC‐drops (p < 0.01), ‐8.61 ±10.56% for blank HyaGuard (non‐significant), and ‐24.54 ±10.20% for 1% prednisolone HyaGuard (p < 0.05). The 1% prednisolone HyaGuard group maintained a significantly greater reduction in IOP compared to the negative control (p < 0.01) and was statistically equivalent to the positive control.Conclusions: HyaGuard demonstrated improved tolerability and safety following subconjunctival insertion in rabbits. The 1% prednisolone loaded HyaGuard effectively maintained significant decreases in post trabeculectomy IOP, without the need for MMC or repeat drop administration, suggesting its potential as a viable solution to the long running fibrotic failures associated with bleb forming drainage surgeries.
Effects and clinical features of cataract combined surgery with I stent inject in open angle glaucoma patient
Authors: Park Keesup , Kim Ju Mi , Jun Ji Ho , Song Yong Yeon , Lee Jongha 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of intraocular pressure lowering and clinical outcome in patients with open‐angle glaucoma who underwent combined I Stent inject® and cataract surgery.Methods: From August 2022 to August 2023, patients with open‐angle glaucoma were divided into 30 eyes in the group (Group 1) that underwent only cataract surgery and 30 eyes in the group (Group 2) that underwent combined i stent injection and cataract surgery. We analyzed the preoperative clinical features between the two groups, the intraocular pressure lowering effect, the number of intraocular pressure lowering eye drops, and the course of complications up to 6 months after surgery.Results: In the group that underwent combined i stent injection and cataract surgery and the group that performed only cataract surgery, preoperative intraocular pressure was 15.96±3.47 mmHg in group 1 and 22.00±7.97 mmHg in group 2 (p = 0.001), which was significantly higher in group 2. The number of intraocular pressure lowering drugs in use was 1.54±0.99 in group 1 and 3.39±1.10 in group 2 (p < 0.05), with group 2 using more eye drops. In group 1, the intraocular pressure of 15.12±1.69mmHg at 6 months after surgery was significantly lower than 16.82±2.58mmHg before surgery. (p = 0.025) In addition, in group 2, the intraocular pressure of 15.71±2.58mmHg at 6 months after surgery was significantly lower than 22.00±6.46mmHg before surgery. (p = 0.007). There is no significant difference in the number of intraocular pressure lowering medications in group 1 compared to before surgery. (p = 0.579), In group 2, the number was significantly smaller at 2.43±0.76 at 6 months after surgery than 3.21±1.05 before surgery (p < 0.005). Complications included hyphema in group 1 and short‐term increase in intraocular pressure in group 2 occurred, and low intraocular pressure or central macular edema did not occur in both groups.Conclusions: In the group that underwent combined i stent injection and cataract surgery for open‐angle glaucoma, there was an effect of lowering intraocular pressure before and after surgery. Even compared to the group that underwent cataract surgery alone, there was a significant intraocular pressure lowering effect. There was no significant difference in complications between the two groups.
Dual agonism of FP and EP3 receptors by ricinoleic acid: Plausible therapeutic in glaucoma
Authors: Nath Madhu , Das Sudipto , Dada Tanuj , Kumari S. Senthil , Thirumurthy Velpandian 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: Prostaglandin analogues used in glaucoma therapy act on prostaglandin F (FP) receptor to enhance the uveoscleral outflow, however they do not have affinity for prostaglandin E3 (EP3) receptors which are extensively present in iris‐ciliary body‐trabecular meshwork. Ricinoleic acid (RA) derived from the castor oil used as labor inducer as it causes EP3 receptor agonism and release of prostaglandins. This property of dual agonism, makes it an ideal candidate for ocular hypotensive therapy. Therefore, this study was designed to study the interaction RA with FP and EP3 receptor.Methods: The three‐dimensional structure modeling and docking was performed for FP and E3 receptor with ricinoleic acid and their respective positive controls. To study interaction of RA with FP and EP3 receptor, calcium binding and cAMP release assay were performed in ovarian, kidney, corneal epithelial and trabecular meshwork cell lines. The variable concentration of RA were compared to the positive and negative controls. The ovarian and trabecular meshwork cells supernatant were assessed for the levels of PGF2alpha using ELISA.Results: The in‐silico study showed RA higher binding affinity for EP3 receptor as compared to its natural (PGE2) and synthetic ligand (Misoprostol). The RA had comparatively less affinity for FP receptor compared to controls. In calcium release and cAMP assay, RA variable doses (10‐1000nM) were able to increase the release of calcium and decrease the cAMP levels in dose dependent manner. The dose response of RA for the EP3 agonism was significantly higher than latanoprost, and travoprost. The EP3 agonism by RA caused the release of PGF2alpha at lower levels, which plateaued after the 200nM dose.Conclusions: The study shows that at lower doses RA had higher interaction with EP3 but comparable affinity for FP receptors. The release of prostaglandin by EP3 agonism might be responsible for its dual agonism. The compound can be tested further for its hypotensive properties in glaucoma.
Microshunt preserflo revision by anterior vitrectomy
Authors: Plata Carlos Santana , Navarro Damian Garcia , Rufas Ines Munuera , Perez Elisa Funes , Merino Jacobo Yañez , Pinilla Maria Sopeña , Ciubotaru Olga Ciubotaru , Bestué Ana Pueyo , Bestué Ignacio Leonardo Pueyo , Monclus Noemi Güerri , Larripa Sofia Fernandez , Velasco Diego Fernandez 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To describe a clinical case involving the obstruction of a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) caused by the presence of vitreous in the anterior chamber, a rare cause of this type of obstruction.Methods: We report the case of a 79‐year‐old patient with pseudoexfoliative secondary open‐angle glaucoma in the left eye. Despite being under hypotensive treatment with four active principles, the patient showed poor intraocular pressure (IOP) control and progression of glaucomatous damage. It was decided to implant a PreserFlo MicroShunt. During the preoperative examination, vitreous strands and capsular debris were evident in the anterior chamber, probably due to zonular dehiscence secondary to previous cataract surgery. Although the PreserFlo MicroShunt implantation and drainage bleb were performed correctly, the IOP remained elevated in the first week. Obstruction of the valvular tube by the vitreous strand was identified as the cause of GDD failure.Initially, conservative treatment with YAG laser vitreolysis was attempted but was not effective. Therefore, a new surgical intervention consisting of anterior vitrectomy, revision of the valvular tube and drainage bleb was proposed. During surgery, triamcinolone acetonide was used to stain the vitreous, as well as brilliant blue to check the patency of the valvular tube. The leakage bleb and the most distal portion of the tube were checked by conjunctival dissection and Tenon's capsule.Results: As a result of the surgical intervention, the patient was able to achieve the target IOP. Future revisions are expected to confirm stabilization of glaucomatous damage.Conclusions: In conclusion, the vitreous and capsular debris should be removed by performing a wide anterior vitrectomy prior to GDD placement if necessary. YAG laser vitreolysis may be a temporary solution, but anterior vitrectomy ensures long‐lasting patency of the drainage device.
An unusual cause of retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Iatissam  , Sencanic Ivan , Mchachi Adil , Benhmidoune Laila , Rachid Rayad , Elbelhadji Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: Among the rare causes of acute angle closure and refractory glaucoma is primary iris cysts, that are benign asymptomatic lesions.In this case report, we report the case of a young patient presenting with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) that led to the diagnosis of bilateral iridociliary cysts and glaucoma.Methods: A 34 years old male presented sudden unilateral vision loss. Visual acuity was 20/100, tonus was 35mmhg and examination found a narrow anterior chamber, and a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). The patient was treated with glaucoma drops and imaging showed a closed angle on gonioscopy, altered RNFL on OCT, and a large deficit in campimetry. UBM found multiple iridociliary cysts, and a plateau iris configuration. A peripheral laser iridectomy was performed and follow‐up showed no improvement of visual acuity.Results: RVO is thought to be due to glaucomatous structural changes of retinal vessels or hemodynamic abnormality due to the intraocular hypertension. In young patients with no history of open angle or familial glaucoma, the presence of a shallow anterior chamber is linked to iris cysts in 38% of cases, and UBM shows cysts in 54% of these asymptomatic patients.Conclusions: Although rare and asymptomatic, early diagnosis of iridociliary cysts can prevent glaucoma and its potential complications. When faced with retinal veinous occlusion, a thorough gonioscopy and UBM can rule them out as an etiology and will help save vision of young patients.References
He M, Wang D, Jiang Y. Overview of ultrasound biomicroscopy J Curr Glaucoma Pract. 2012;6:25–53
Kunimatsu S, Araie M, Ohara K, Hamada C. Ultrasound biomicroscopy of ciliary body cysts Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127:48–55
Consistency of OCT hood report visual field predictions with standardized automated perimetry in gluacoma patients and glaucoma suspects in Jordan
Authors: Khalil Mohammed , Barqawi Mohammad , Alkyam Ahmed , Rihani Heba , Tareef Raed Bin , Baydoun Mousa 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To study the level of consistency between OCT Hood report visual field predictions and standardized automated perimetry in gluacoma patients and glaucoma suspects in Jordan.Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 289 patient images from the Middle East Eye Hospital in Amman, Jordan. Each patient's eye had undergone a single wide‐field OCT scan to generate the Hood report (Triton OCT, Topcon Inc.), in addition to either a 10‐2 or 24‐2 visual field test (Humphrey field analyzer 3, Zeiss Inc.). The leading observer (MBK) is a glaucoma specialist, while the 2nd (HR) and 3rd (RT) observers are retina specialists, the 2nd very much familiar with the Hood report. First, each observer reviewed the Hood report and described the predicted scotoma in the designated eye using classical clinical terms e.g. superior arcuate, paracentral and diffuse. Then the observer examined the actual 24‐2 and/or 10‐2 visual fields and described the scotoma using the same clinical terminology. Regardless of the actual point by point matching, if a reasonable compatibility was determined, the observer labeled the case as a ‘good match’, and if not, ‘no match’.Results: 174 cases were labeled as ‘good match’ between Hood report and the actual perimetry by the leading observer (60%). A significant interobserver agreement with a p‐value = 6.2356 E‐22, kappa = 0.56 (moderate) was found between the leading and 2nd observer (HR). When comparing only 10‐2 cases, interobserver agreement was substantial between the leading and 2nd observer (p‐value = 5.628E‐12, kappa = 0.699). Similar results were obtained for different stages of glaucoma (early, moderate and advanced), and also for cases labeled as neurological hemianopias. An agreement of a lesser degree was found with the 3rd observer (RT) possibly due to previous unfamiliarity with the Hood report.Conclusions: The single wide‐filed OCT scan Hood report is a practically accurate tool in the prediction of glaucoma and neurological scotomas, satisfactorily replacing the need for an actual perimetry more than 50% of time. Future modifications can improve it further.References
Evaluation of a One‐Page Report to Aid in Detecting Glaucomatous Damage. Hood DC, Raza AS, De Moraes CG, Alhadeff PA, Idiga J, Blumberg DM, Liebmann JM, Ritch R.Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2014 Dec 17;3(6):8
Implementing artificial intelligence glaucoma screening: Glaucoma post study
Authors: Lima‐Cabrita Afonso , Whitfield Rafael , Lobo Vasco , Monteiro Bernardo , Vistas Sofia , Ourique Matilde , Barão Rafael Correia , Marques‐Neves Carlos , Santos Veronica , Carrapiço Eunice , Marques Rodrigo , Pazos Marta , Ferreira Joana , Stalmans Ingeborg , Pinto Luis Abegão 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: Report results of a novel AI‐powered population‐level glaucoma screening protocol.Methods: Individuals aged 55‐65 were invited for glaucoma screening in a primary‐care setting. Screening involved disc‐centered fundus photography and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. Glaucoma risk was assessed by an AI tool, MONA G‐Risk, using the images. A positive result was defined by either a risk score higher than 0.73 (range 0‐1) or an IOP of ≥24mmHg. Participants with a positive result were referred to a glaucoma clinic for further tests, including OCT (Heidelberg Spectralis®️) for peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (ppRNFL) and Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) evaluation, along with visual field (VF) testing using Humphrey 24‐2 perimetry. VF analysis followed the ocular hypertension treatment study protocol, glaucoma diagnosis followed Thessaloniki eye study criteria. Clinicaltrial.gov:NCT05875090.Results: 1038 patients were contacted, 830 accepted, 671 attended. Of these, 112 subjects performed opportunistic screening and had not been contacted previously. Most screened patients were diabetic (567/671). Mean IOP and risk scores were 14.3 mmHg (±3.9) and 0.54 (±0.12), respectively. 82 (12.2%) of subjects (diabetics: 65/567; non‐diabetics: 17/107) met referral criteria: 66 for high AI risk (9.8%), 16 (2.3%) for high IOP‐only criteria. 72 subjects underwent glaucoma clinic evaluation (AI: n = 54; IOP: n = 14; AI+IOP: n = 4). 34 met glaucoma criteria (5.1% prevalence). In glaucoma criteria eyes (n = 46), mean IOP was 15.9mmHg (±5.5), MD was ‐6.0dB (±6.1) and ppRNFL was 90.4μm (±13.5). 10 patients presented at least moderate glaucoma (MD < ‐6dB). Mean circuit time of screening was 48.7 days (±24.3).Conclusions: Our AI‐powered glaucoma screening protocol appears effective in detecting referrable patients. IOP cutoffs‐only appear insufficient for glaucoma screening. Glaucoma prevalence detected matches published data. Our protocol's circuit time shows that glaucoma healthcare was provided in a timely manner.