bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boost Nature-Positive Production
Authors: Hodson de Jaramillo Elizabeth , Niggli Urs , Kitajima Kaoru , Lal Rattan , Sadoff Claudia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe overall goal of nature-positive production is to reconcile the need for the production system to meet the demands resulting from growing populations and rising prosperity with the necessity of restoring the environment, improving the quality of soil, conserving biodiversity, and sustainably managing land, water and other natural resources. The strategy is to protect, manage and restore ecosystems: to “produce more from less” and set aside some land and water for nature. In this context, action at the landscape scale is key, extending beyond individual production fields to the watershed, the entire river basin, and the coastal area influenced by the change of land use and river discharges (IPCC Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems [PR Shukla, J Skea, E Calvo Buendia, V Masson-Delmotte, H-O Pörtner, DC Roberts, P Zhai, R Slade, S Connors, R van Diemen, M Ferrat, E Haughey, S Luz, S Neogi, M Pathak, J Petzold, J Portugal Pereira, P Vyas, E Huntley, K Kissick, M Belkacemi, J Malley (eds)], 2019). Nature-positive landscape-level interventions include system-based conservation agriculture, agroforestry, river basin management, bio-inputs, integrated soil fertility management, soil and water conservation and nutrient recycling. In particular, maintaining trees in landscapes, avoiding deforestation and promoting landscape restoration are critically important for preventing soil erosion, regulating water resources, and protecting environmental services essential for sustaining production at multiple scales, from the regional to the global. Such nature-positive approaches are best based on bottom-up and territorial processes, strengthened by scientific innovations and enabling policy environments. Translating science into transformative action also requires system-level governance and policy interventions that enable and provide incentives for farmers and land managers to adopt nature-positive practices. Greater public and private sector investment in research and innovation is needed if we are to develop solutions and adequately scale the adoption of nature-positive production systems. Furthermore, a realignment towards nature-positive food systems requires awareness and empowerment on the part of producers and consumers. These concepts must be introduced to farmers through robust extension programs, with special attention paid to woman farmers. They must be taught in schools and broadcast to consumers. Ultimately, the aim should be to foster a five-way dialogue among academic institutions, farmer and citizen groups, industry and policymakers to translate scientific knowledge into viable action.
The Role of Science, Technology, and Innovation for Transforming Food Systems in Europe
Authors: Canales Claudia , Fears Robin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEuropean farming systems are diverse, and food has traditionally played a central role in the shaping of individual and cultural identities. In this chapter, taking a food systems approach, we examine European issues for the interrelationships among agriculture, environmental sustainability, nutrition, and health, considering all steps in the food value chain from growing through to consumption and recycling. There are multiple policy objectives and instruments to coordinate, but, although the challenges are unprecedented, so too are the scientific opportunities. A wide range of issues are covered, including those for: agroecology and the implications for ecosystem assessment, other new production systems, linking soil structure and health both with environmental sustainability and novel products of the bioeconomy, and microbiomics. There are major opportunities for developing climate-resilient food systems while, at the same time, reducing the contribution that agriculture makes to climate change, along with accompanying implications for food policy. Recommendations for ambitious action include: promoting transdisciplinary research to fill present knowledge gaps; continuing to strengthen the research enterprise in the EU, recognising that EU scientists have crucial roles to play in building global critical mass in food system science; and reaffirming the use of science to inform innovation, policy and practice. In particular, for the EU, the Farm-to-Fork (F2F) policy has important objectives, but must be fully informed by the scientific evidence, well aligned with biodiversity, the circular economy and bioeconomic strategies, and transparent in communicating the consequences both for the domestic consumer and for the rest of the world.
High performance nano hydroxyapatite coating on zinc for biomedical applications
Authors: Shoeib Madiha A. , Abdel-Gawad Soha A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractZinc and its alloys have been given promising consideration as a new biodegradable implant for use in the human body. Compact and uniform nano hydroxyapatite coatings containing chitosan were successfully deposited onto zinc substrate in an aqueous solution utilizing microwave-assisted process in about 10 min. The quick composite coatings are derived by microwave heating compared with the coatings derived by electrodeposition. The as-deposited coatings formed by electrodeposition synthesis were known as brushite, which was converted to hydroxyapatite after 1 h of immersion (post treated) in 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions at 100 °C. The incorporation of chitosan (from 0.01–0.05 g/l) into the coating composition results in a smooth and uniform coating structure. SEM, EDS, and an X-ray diffractometer were utilized to analyze coated samples' surfaces to evaluate their surface morphology, chemical composition, and crystalline structures. The in vitro degradation behavior of the composite-coated samples in simulated body fluid at pH 7.4 and 37 °C was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. The outcomes showed that microwave-derived coatings provided superior corrosion resistance for zinc implants as compared to electrodeposited coatings. Furthermore, the use of chitosan in hydroxyapatite coatings increased electrochemical corrosion performance. Low chitosan concentrations (0.01–0.03 g/l) exhibit superior anti-corrosion properties than higher concentrations (0.05 g/l). Against Staphylococcus aureus, the coatings demonstrated strong antibacterial efficacy. These corrosion outcomes and the fruitful deposition of a hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite coating on zinc substrate indicate that the coating is efficient for the creation of new composite coatings for either functional implants or regenerative medicine. The resultant coating may be an excellent option for bone implants.
Effect of the laser fluence on the microstructure and the relating magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 films grown on YSZ(111) by PLD for optimized perpendicular recording
Authors: Nergis Berkin , Bauer Sondes , Jin Xiaowei , Seemann Klaus , Horak Lukas , Schneider Reinhard , Holy Vaclav , Ulrich Sven , Baumbach Tilo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh-quality BaFe12O19 (BaM) films with high uniaxial anisotropy fields of HA = 17.5 and 18.5 kOe were obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at two fluences of 1.5 and 5.1 J/cm2 on YSZ(111) substrate, using a platinum interlayer for reducing lattice mismatch. We demonstrated that the microstructure, morphology, and stoichiometry of the hexaferrite BaFe12O19 films can be affected by raising the corresponding energy per pulse from 25 to 75 mJ. However, we also concluded that the increase of fluence leads to the formation of a non-stoichiometric BaM film through two nucleation steps and an output growth of small grains in addition to the increase of the defect density. In turn, this has contributed to the enhancement of the coercive field from Hc = 1769 Oe to Hc = 2166 Oe as it is required for the improvement of perpendicular recording resolution. We found that both the lateral coherent block size and misorientation of mosaic blocks are remarkably affected by the growth kinetics, which itself depends on the energy per pulse. For a deep understanding of the effect of laser fluence on the microstructure, chemical composition, and on the magnetic properties of thin BaM films, the results of complementary methods are combined. These methods comprise high-resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning TEM combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer.
Graphical abstract
Tengo Miedo
Authors: De La Vega Fernández Valeria M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ivar Da Coll's Tengo Miedo [I am Afraid] (1989) was amongst the first picturebooks developed in Colombia. The picturebook dealt with naive fears of monsters that children might have at night, while it also reflected a publishing industry in its inception. In 2012, Ivar Da Coll published a new edition of Tengo Miedo. The illustrations are now metaphors for the fears caused by the country's internal war, violence, and natural disasters. This chapter examines the two editions of Tengo Miedo, comparing their image and text relationships, in order to analyze their social and historical contexts, as well as discuss the appropriateness of fear as a topic in books for young children.
Taking the reluctance out of reluctant reading
Authors: Lesley Naomi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines literacy narratives that feature reluctant readers. These narratives focus less on literacy development and more on the development of the affective skills that will help the protagonists to work through their reluctance to read. The novels thus treat affects as skills that can be learned, rather than as spontaneous or passive experiences. The phenomenon of the reluctant reader novel speaks to adult anxieties over the citizenship behaviors thought to be connected to literacy. In emphasizing affective skills, these novels also offer reassurance and new ways to think about literacy and citizenship.
Quantifiers of factual proximity and counterfactuality in Spanish and other Romance languages
Authors: Kronning Hans 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Quantifiers of Factual Proximity (QFPs) are subconstructions (e.g. Spanish un paso más and French un pas de plus) of conditional constructions, as in Un paso más y me mataba/habría matado (‘One more step, and he would have killed me’). Indicating the proximity of realization of hypothetical eventualities or instants in the protasis, they have a propensity for co-occurring with axiologically marked eventualities (matar ‘kill’) in the apodosis, irrespective of its TAM-morphology (mataba, Imperfect Indicative ‘killed’, habría matado, Compound Conditional ‘would have killed’). Here we elaborate the conceptualization of QFPs for counterfactual conditionals in Romance languages with special emphasis on Spanish. The theoretical framework is Construction Grammar, more specifically Cognitive Grammar (Langacker 1987, 2008).
Conditionality and the verbal mood in Spanish phraseological units
Authors: Salvador Vicent 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Conditional constructions establish a relationship between two semantic representations that is situated halfway causality and concessiveness. Causation corresponds to the actual motivation of an effect, while concessiveness can be understood mainly as an inefficient causality. In theory, conditionality refers to the field of logical implication, but it materializes in languages as a series of diverse pragmasemantic functions: making hypotheses about the future in possible worlds, metadiscursively modalizing sentences, pragmatically mitigating the cost of orders and advices through formulas of courtesy, topicalizing a part of the two-members structure, etc. The mode of the verb plays a relevant role in most of these cases, especially in determining whether factual, hypothetical or counterfactual values, among other factors. Here different relationships will be studied between some Spanish phraseological units (idioms, proverbs, conventional sayings…) and the various modalities of conditionality, as they characterize some frequent uses in Spanish. As for the proverbs, they frequently make future predictions (for example those of a meteorological nature) or set themselves the task of advising in the moral or practical order through prescriptive statements that may have a pragmatic cost for the speaker. As for the phrases or idioms that contain conditional elements, whether they are fixed as structures or in the process of grammaticalization, these units act as connectors or other types of discourse markers. In this way they contribute to establishing and making recognizable certain characteristic grammatical constructions of Spanish. Other times, finally, they are autonomous expressions that constitute conversational routines in the current language and that have acquired a certain degree of conventionalization.
Potential and presuppositional predicative complements in Old Catalan
Authors: Tordera Yllescas Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The present study aims to describe the evolution of two types of predicative complements which developed in Old Catalan: the potential predicative complement and the presuppositional predicative complement. The first type of predicative complement, initially constructed through the use of the preposition a and, subsequently, through the use of the preposition per is a complement that has been present since the origins of the language. This complement maintains close similarities with non-finite final constructions. The presuppositional predicative complement, on the other hand, was constructed through the use of the preposition com (a) and tends to show properties similar to those of non-finite causal constructions. Our study shows that the evolution of these complements is linked to non-finite final and causal constructions.
La nozione di “lingua madre” in contesto minoritario
Authors: Agresti Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Natural languages are intimately linked to the individuals, groups and territories in which they live. In this paper I will try to explore the nature of this connection, also in light of the environmental emergency, which arouses growing passion and civil commitment. The aim is to try to establish, through the ecological perspective, a sufficiently robust link between attention to mother languages (in the sense of languages of first territorialization) – in particular, although not exclusively, local, regional or minority languages – and attention to the environment, to the landscape. The latter are to be understood as a set and tangle of natural and social elements from which we emerge, in which we live and which we have the responsibility to hand over to future generations.
Ideologia nacional i política lingüística
Authors: Ginebra Jordi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Scholars who reflect upon language policy proposals that respect the speakers of minoritized languages warn that in order to achieve this goal we must not copy the mechanisms that have led to language repression, i.e. the mechanisms of the nation-state. It is necessary to overcome the narrow vision imposed by national ideology. One of these proposals, based on what could be called the multiform nature of the linguistic facts, denounces the rigidity of the categories that are used to justify language oppression and claims to take into account the diverse and personal nature of communication and the infinite variety of the linguistic forms of today’s society: hybrids, fusions, permeability of boundaries, fragmentation. However, these dismantled categories are probably the same that might ground language policies in favor of minoritized languages. The simple discourse about language diversity and personal choices can be brilliant, but perhaps inoperative: it is just a discourse of angels.
Multicultural citizenship, European integration and language rights
Authors: Stolfo Marco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The contribution concerns the relationship between the European integration process and the protection of minorities and language rights. It focuses on several official documents produced by the European institutions with political or legal value. In particular it refers to the Council of Europe and the European Communities / European Union. Those institutions are different and in a different way are at the same time an outcome and an instrument of the European integration. Into this framework the symbolic and substantial relevance given to minorities, linguistics rights and cultural diversity has been changing over the course of time, according to the different political and institutional situations of Europe. The different approaches to minorities, minoritized languages and language rights are like a mirror for the European integration, showing both its strenght and its difficulties as well as its contradictions.
‘Compositionality’ in comparative standardology
Authors: Costa-Carreras Joan , Amorós-Negre Carla , Pradilla Cardona Miquel Àngel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Our aim of establishing the theoretical basis for the study of comparative standardology among the Spanish languages makes a revision of the metalanguage used in language standardisation studies a previous and necessary task. As one of the basic notions in the history and comparison of the emergence of the standard languages/varieties is ‘compositionality’, we decided to search for its origins and use among Spanish standardologists. Therefore, this paper begins by presenting the history of the words composicional and composicionalitat in the Catalan corpus language planning and explaining what their origin was in one of Haugen’s (1968) seminal paper. Secondly, it is analysed to what extent this notion has been applied in the Norwegian, the Catalan, the Basque and the Galician standardology. Some concluding remarks are provided in the end, mainly in the sense that compositionality is such a general notion that a lot of different practices can be included in its scope, some of which explained in this paper. On the other hand, a general reflection upon the possibility and desirability to conduct a comparative standardology is provided.
Migration pulsedness alters patterns of allele fixation and local adaptation in a mainland-island model
Authors: Aubree Flora , Lac Baptiste , Mailleret Ludovic , Calcagno Vincent 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGeneflow across populations is a critical determinant of population genetic structure, divergence, and local adaptation. While evolutionary theory typically envisions geneflow as a continuous connection among populations, many processes make it fluctuating and intermittent. We analyze a mainland-island model where migration occurs as recurrent “pulses.” We derive mathematical predictions regarding how the level of migration pulsedness affects the effective migration rate, for neutral and selected mainland alleles. We find that migration pulsedness can either decrease or increase geneflow, depending on the selection regime. Pulsedness increases geneflow for sufficiently (counter)selected alleles (s&lt;s1), but reduces it otherwise. We provide a mathematical approximation of the threshold selection strength s1, which is verified in stochastic simulations. Migration pulsedness thus affects the fixation rate at different loci in opposite directions, in a way that cannot be described as a change in effective population size. We show that migration pulsedness would generally reduce the level of local adaptation and introduce an additional genetic load: the “pulsedness load.” This is detrimental to the adaptation and persistence of small peripheral populations, with implications in management and conservation. These results indicate temporal variability in migration patterns may be an important, yet understudied, controller of geneflow and local adaptation.
Comparative genomics reveals the diversity of CRISPR–Cas locus in Azotobacter organisms
Authors: Karmakar Kapudeep , Kumar Saurabh , Roy Dipankar , Singh Mohini , Kolte Vaishnavi , Choudhury Ashok , Sharma Gaurav 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) are known to provide adaptive immunity to bacteria against invading bacteriophages. In recent years, CRISPR-based technologies have been used for creating improved plant varieties; however, the indigenous CRISPR–Cas elements of plant growth-promoting bacteria are usually neglected. These indigenous genetic cassettes have evolved over millions of years and have shaped the bacterial genome. Therefore, these genetic loci can be used to study the adaptive capability of the bacteria in the environment. This study aims to bioinformatically analyze the genomes of a common free-living nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter spp. to assess their CRISPR–Cas diversity. Strains of Azotobacter vinelandii and Azotobacter chroococcum were found to harbor a large number of spacers. The phylogeny of different Cas and Cse1 proteins revealed a close evolutionary relationship among A. chroococcum B3, A. chroococcum NCIMB 8003 locus II, and A. vinelandii DJ locus I. The secondary structure of the hairpin loop of the repeat was also analyzed, and a correlation was derived between the structural stability of the hairpin loop and the number of spacers acquired by the CRISPR loci. These findings revealed the diversity and evolution of the CRISPR sequences and Cas proteins in Azotobacter species. Although the adaptive immune system of bacteria against bacteriophage, CRISPR–Cas, has been identified in many bacteria, studies of plant growth-promoting bacteria have been neglected. These indigenous CRISPRs have shaped the genome over millions of years and their study can lead to the understanding of the genome composition of these organisms. Our results strengthen the idea of using A. chroococcum and A. vinelandii as biofertilizer strains as they possess more spacers with highly stable repeat sequences, thereby imparting them higher chance of survival against mobile genetic elements like phages and plasmids.
Increased lung weight in fatal intoxications is not unique to opioid drugs
Authors: Beer Torfinn , Eriksson Anders , Wingren Carl Johan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFatal intoxications with opioids are known to be associated with an increased lung weight, as well as with brain and pulmonary edema and urinary retention. However, there is evidence to suggest that fatal intoxications with non‐opioid substances are also associated with increased lung weight; however, the latter aspect has not been comprehensively analyzed. To determine to what extent opioid and non‐opioid substances are associated with increased lung and brain weight, we studied these organs in cases where the cause of death was attributed to intoxication with a single agent. Using data from cases autopsied at the National Board of Forensic Medicine (NBFM) in Sweden from 2009 through 2019 where the cause of death was attributed to a single substance, we created models of combined lung weight and brain weight. The models used age and sex as predictors as well as nested varying effects for the specific intoxicant and category of intoxicant. Suicidal hanging with negative toxicology cases served as controls. The population majority was male among both intoxications (68%) and controls (83%). The most common single substance group was opioids. All tested substances were associated with heavier lungs than controls, with the largest effect in the opioid group. Our findings show that several substances are associated with increased lung weight and that among intoxication deaths there is no difference in expected brain weight between substances. Hence, heavy lungs, without a reasonable explanation, should prompt a broad toxicological screening.