bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Denervation for the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint
Authors: Lee Sang Ki , Kim Woo-suk , Baik Keun Ho , Choy Won Sik 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Various operative treatment options for advanced thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthritis have been presented without a definite surgical guideline. Selective denervation is a less invasive method for thumb CMC arthritis. However, it is unclear whether the clinical outcome varies with the stage of thumb CMC arthritis. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of selective denervation on CMC arthritis for pain relief and functional outcome and to determine whether selective denervation depends on the stage of thumb CMC arthritis.

Methods
We evaluated 29 thumbs of 28 patients with thumb CMC arthritis treated with selective denervation. The disease stage was determined with the classification system described by Eaton. The denervation was performed in the articular branches of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve, lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, and superficial branch of radial nerve. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, along with evaluation of the improvement in both postoperative range of motion and strength recovery.

Results
The mean duration of follow-up was 24 months (range, 18–48 months). The average VAS and DASH scores decreased from 6.1 to 1.3 and from 54.3 to 24.1, respectively. The range of motion during palmar abduction and opposition of the metacarpophalangeal joint improved with an increase in mean value from 44.1 to 53.7 degrees, and the Kapandji score increased from 7.2 to 9.2, respectively. The grip and key pinch strengths increased from mean preoperative values of 14.3 and 3.1 kg to 27.1 and 6.2 kg, respectively, as measured at the 12-month follow-up. The rate of change in the VAS and DASH scores was significantly higher in stages I to III than in stage IV (P = 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion
The selective denervation for thumb CMC arthritis was effective in pain relief and functional recovery with several advantages, including less invasive procedure, quick recovery time, and regaining of strength. The clinical outcomes were more effective in the early-stage group (Eaton stages I and II) compared with the advance-stage group (Eaton stages III and IV).
Utility of continuous pulse CO-oximetry for hemoglobin monitoring in pediatric patients with solid organ injuries at level 1 trauma centers: A pilot study
Authors: Ryan Mark L. , Cairo Sarah B. , McLaughlin Cory , Herring Lela , Williams Regan F. 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION
Hemorrhage is a major cause of preventable death in injured children. Monitoring after admission often requires multiple blood draws, which have been shown to be stressful in pediatric patients. The Rainbow-7 device is a continuous pulse CO-oximeter that measures multiple wavelengths of light, permitting continuous estimation of the total hemoglobin (Hb) level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of the noninvasive Hb measurement for monitoring pediatric trauma patients admitted with solid organ injury.

METHODS
This is a prospective, dual-center, observational trial for patients younger than age 18 years admitted to a Level I pediatric trauma center. Following admission, blood was routinely measured as per current solid organ injury protocols. Noninvasive Hb monitoring was initiated after admission. Time-synced data for Hb levels were compared with that taken using blood draws. Data were evaluated using bivariate correlation, linear regression, and Bland-Altman analysis.

RESULTS
Over a 1-year period, 39 patients were enrolled. The mean ± SD age was 11 ± 3.8 years. Forty-six percent (n = 18) of patients were male. The mean ± SD Injury Severity Score was 19 ± 13. The average change in Hb levels between laboratory measurements was −0.34 ± 0.95 g/dL, and the average change in noninvasive Hb was −0.12 ± 1.0 g/dL per measurement. Noninvasive Hb values were significantly correlated with laboratory measurements (p < 0.001). Trends in laboratory Hb measurements were highly correlated with changes in noninvasive levels (p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated similar deviation from the mean throughout the range of Hb values, but the differences between measurements were increased by anemia, African American race, and elevated shock index, pediatric age-adjusted score and Injury Severity Score.

CONCLUSION
Noninvasive Hb values demonstrated correlation with measured Hb concentration as isolated measurements and trends, although results were affected by skin pigmentation, shock, and injury severity. Given the rapid availability of results and the lack of requirement of venipuncture, noninvasive Hb monitoring may be a valuable adjunct for pediatric solid organ injury protocols. Further study is required to determine its role in management.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Dianostic Test or Criteria; Level III.
Burden of unintentional pediatric firearm injury: An examination of the Nationwide Readmission Database
Authors: Lumbard Derek C. , Nygaard Rachel M. , Richardson Chad J. , Liao Lillian F. , Stewart Ronald M. , Eastridge Brian J. , Nicholson Susannah E. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Significant increases in firearm-related mortality in the US pediatric population drive an urgent need to study these injuries to drive prevention policies. The purpose of this study was (1) to characterize those with and without readmissions, (2) to identify risk factors for 90-day unplanned readmission, and (3) to examine reasons for hospital readmission.

METHODS
The 2016–2019 Nationwide Readmission Database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project was used to identify hospital admissions with unintentional firearm injury in patients younger than 18 years. Ninety-day unplanned readmission characteristics were assessed and detailed. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with unplanned 90-day readmission.

RESULTS
Over 4 years, 1,264 unintentional firearm injury admissions resulted in 113 subsequent readmissions (8.9%). There were no significant differences in age or payor, but more women (14.7% vs. 23%) and older children (13–17 years [80.5%]) had readmissions. The mortality rate during primary hospitalization was 5.1%. Survivors of initial firearm injury were more frequently readmitted if they had a mental health diagnosis (22.1% vs. 13.8%; p = 0.017). Readmission diagnosis included complications (15%), mental health or drug/alcohol (9.7%), trauma (33.6%), a combination of the prior three (28.3%), and chronic disease (13.3%). More than a third (38.9%) of the trauma readmissions were for new traumatic injury. Female children, those with longer lengths of stay, and those with more severe injuries were more likely to have unplanned 90-day readmissions. Mental health and drug/alcohol abuse diagnoses were not an independent predictor for readmission.

CONCLUSION
This study provides insight into the characteristics of and risk factors for unplanned readmission in the pediatric unintentional firearm injury population. In addition to using prevention strategies, the utilization of trauma-informed care must be integrated into all aspects of care for this population to help minimize the long-term psychological impact of surviving firearm injury.

Level of Evidence
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
Access to trauma center care: A statewide system-based approach
Authors: Medrano Nicolas W. , Villarreal Cynthia Lizette , Price Michelle A. , Bixby Pamela J. , Bulger Eileen M. , Eastridge Brian J. ,   MIMIC Study Group
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Timely access to specialized trauma care is a vital element in patient outcome after severe and critical injury requiring the skills of trauma teams in levels I and II trauma centers to avoid preventable mortality. We used system-based models to estimate timely access to care.

METHODS
Trauma system models consisted of ground emergency medical services, helicopter emergency medical services, and designated levels I to V trauma centers were constructed for five states. These models incorporated geographic information systems along with traffic data and census block group data to estimate population access to trauma care within the “golden hour.” Trauma systems were further analyzed to identify the optimal location for an additional level I or II trauma center that would provide the greatest increase in access.

RESULTS
The population of the states studied totaled 23 million people, of which 20 million (87%) had access to a level I or II trauma center within 60 minutes. Statewide-specific access ranged from 60% to 100%. Including levels III to V trauma centers, access within 60 minutes increased to 22 million (96%), ranging from 95% to 100%. The addition of a levels I and II trauma center in an optimized location in each state would provide timely access to a higher trauma capability for an additional 1.1 million, increasing total access to approximately 21.1 million people (92%).

CONCLUSION
This analysis demonstrates that nearly universal access to trauma care is present in these states when including levels I to V trauma centers. However, concerning gaps remain in timely access to levels I and II trauma centers. This study provides an approach to determine more robust statewide estimates of access to care. It highlights the need for a national trauma system, one in which all components of state-managed trauma systems are assembled in a national data set to accurately identify gaps in care.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
Technical Outcomes of Porto-Mesenteric Venous Reconstruction in Pancreatic Resection Using Autologous Left Renal Vein Graft as Conduit
Authors: Fogliati Alessandro , Fiorentini Guido , Alva-Ruiz Roberto , Abdelrahman Amro M , Zironda Andrea , Lynch Isaac T , Smoot Rory L , Starlinger Patrick P , Cleary Sean P , Kendrick Michael L , Truty Mark J 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Porto or superior mesenteric vein (PV-SMV) resection and reconstruction is sometimes required during pancreatic tumor resection. In patients requiring segmental venous resection with interposition grafting the left renal vein (LRV) is an accessible autologous solution. However, long-term patency outcomes of the LRV as an interposition conduit in this setting have not been analyzed.

Study design:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing pancreatic resection with PV-SMV reconstruction using LRV between 2002 and 2022. The primary outcome was PV-SMV patency at last follow up, assessed with postoperative CT scans and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival methods that account for variation in follow up duration. Development of any postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) within 7 days of surgery and morbidity were secondary outcomes.

Results:
The study cohort includes 65 patients who underwent LRV harvest, 60 (92%) ultimately underwent successful reconstruction with harvested LRV graft. Kaplan-Meier 2-year estimated patency rate of the LRV graft was 88%, with no cases of complete occlusion. Six (10%) patients experienced graft stenosis. Nine of 61 (15%) patients experienced grade II or III AKI, 6 of 9 returning to normal renal function before discharge. No difference in median serum creatinine was observed at baseline, 6 and 12 months from surgery. Left renal vein remnant thrombosis was seen in 7/65 (11%) patients. Only 3 of 61 (5%) patients had persistent AKI caused by complications unrelated to LRV harvesting.

Conclusion:
Autologous LRV graft was a reliable conduit for segmental PV-SMV reconstruction, resulting in a high patency rate, and marginal impact on renal function. LRV harvest is a safe and potentially ideal surgical option for PV-SMV reconstruction in pancreatic surgery.
Tunable DNMT1 degradation reveals cooperation of DNMT1 and DNMT3B in regulating DNA methylation dynamics and genome organization
Authors: Scelfo Andrea , Barra Viviana , Abdennur Nezar , Spracklin George , Busato Florence , Salinas-Luypaert Catalina , Bonaiti Elena , Velasco Guillaume , Chipont Anna , Guérin Coralie , Tijhuis Andréa E. , Spierings Diana C.J. , Francastel Claire , Foijer Floris , Tost Jorg , Mirny Leonid , Fachinetti D. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTDNA methylation (DNAme) is a key epigenetic mark that regulates critical biological processes maintaining overall genome stability. Given its pleiotropic function, studies of DNAme dynamics are crucial, but currently available tools to interfere with DNAme have limitations and major cytotoxic side effects. Here, we present untransformed and cancer cell models that allow inducible and reversible global modulation of DNAme through DNMT1 depletion. By dynamically assessing the effects of induced passive demethylation through cell divisions at both the whole genome and locus-specific level, we reveal a cooperative activity between DNMT1 and DNMT3B to maintain and control DNAme. Moreover, we show that gradual loss of DNAme is accompanied by progressive and reversible changes in heterochromatin abundance, compartmentalization, and peripheral localization. DNA methylation loss coincided with a gradual reduction of cell fitness due to G1 arrest, but with minor level of mitotic failure. Altogether, this powerful system allows DNMT and DNA methylation studies with fine temporal resolution, which may help to reveal the etiologic link between DNA methylation dysfunction and human disease.
Analysis of intracellular transport dynamics using quantitative phase imaging and FRET-based calcium sensors
Authors: Highland Robert E , Rancu Albert , Price Hillel , Parker Steven M , Reynolds Meghan , Hoffman Brenton D. , Wax Adam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding cellular responses to mechanical environmental stimuli is an essential goal of cellular mechanotransduction studies and remains a target for microscopy technique development. While fluorescence microscopy has been advanced for this purpose - its molecular sensitivity, the ability of quantitative phase imaging to visualize subcellular structure has yet to be widely applied, perhaps due to its limited specificity. Here we seek to combine Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) with a molecularly sensitive Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) construct for cell mechanotransduction studies. The multimodal imaging instrument is applied to examine cellular response to hypo-osmotic stimulus by observing the influx of calcium ions using a FRET based sensor coupled with mapping of the redistribution of intracellular mass using QPI. The combined imaging modality enables discrimination of cell response by localized region and reveals distinct behavior for each. The analysis shows cell flattening and oscillatory mass transport in response to the stimulus. With the broad array of FRET sensors under development, the combination with QPI offers new avenues for studying cell response to environmental stimuli.
A novel proteomics-based plasma test for early detection of multiple cancers in the general population
Authors: Budnik Bogdan , Amirkhani Hossein , Forouzanfar Mohammad H. , Afshin Ashkan 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundEarly detection of cancer is crucial for reducing the global burden of cancer and saving lives, but effective screening tests for many cancers do not exist. Genomics-based liquid biopsy tests for screening multiple cancers at once have been developed, but they have low sensitivity for early-stage cancers and are expensive. Recent advancements in measuring protein abundances in plasma offer new opportunities for developing multi-cancer screening tests.MethodsWe collected plasma samples from 440 individuals, healthy and diagnosed with 18 various types of early-stage solid tumours. Using Proximity Extension Assay, we measured more than 3000 high and low-abundance proteins in each sample. Then, using a multi-step statistical approach, we identified a limited set of proteins that could detect early-stage cancers and their tissue of origin with high diagnostic accuracy.FindingsOur sex-specific cancer detection consisting of 10 proteins showed high accuracy for both males (AUC: 0.98) and females ((AUC: 0.983). At stage I and at the specificity of 99%, our detection panels were able to identify 89% of cancers among males and 75% of cancers among females.Our sex-specific localization panels consisted of 150 proteins and were able to identify the tissue of origin of most cancers in more than 80% of cases. The analysis of the plasma concentrations of proteins selected showed that almost all the proteins were in the low-concentration part of the human plasma proteome.InterpretationThe proteome-based screening test showed promising performance compared with other technologies and could be a starting point for developing a new generation of screening tests for the early detection of cancer and potentially other chronic diseases. This new approach may provide a more accessible and cost-effective alternative to existing methods for cancer detection and may help reduce cancer mortality rates globally.
Towards a human brain EV atlas: Characteristics of EVs from different brain regions, including small RNA and protein profiles
Authors: Huang Yiyao , Arab Tanina , Russell Ashley E. , Mallick Emily R. , Nagaraj Rajini , Gizzie Evan , Redding-Ochoa Javier , Troncoso Juan C. , Pletnikova Olga , Turchinovich Andrey , Routenberg David A. , Witwer Kenneth W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and play roles in regulating physiological and pathological functions. Although brain-derived EVs (bdEVs) have been successfully collected from brain tissue, there is not yet a “bdEV atlas” of EVs from different brain regions. To address this gap, we separated EVs from eight anatomical brain regions of a single individual and subsequently characterized them by count, size, morphology, and protein and RNA content. The greatest particle yield was from cerebellum, while the fewest particles were recovered from the orbitofrontal, postcentral gyrus, and thalamus regions. EV surface phenotyping indicated that CD81 and CD9 were more abundant than CD63 for all regions. Cell-enriched surface markers varied between brain regions. For example, putative neuronal markers NCAM, CD271, and NRCAM were more abundant in medulla, cerebellum, and occipital regions, respectively. These findings, while restricted to tissues from a single individual, suggest that additional studies are merited to lend more insight into the links between EV heterogeneity and function in the CNS.
An intrinsically disordered kinetochore protein coordinates mechanical regulation of chromosome segregation by dynein
Authors: McGory Jessica M. , Barcelos Dylan M. , Verma Vikash , Maresca Thomas J. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTKinetochores connect chromosomes and spindle microtubules to maintain genomic integrity through cell division. Crosstalk between the minus-end directed motor dynein and kinetochore-microtubule attachment factors promotes accurate chromosome segregation through a poorly understood pathway. Here we identify a physical linkage between the intrinsically disordered protein Spc105 (KNL1 orthologue) and dynein using an optogenetic oligomerization assay. Core pools of the checkpoint protein BubR1 and the adaptor complex RZZ mediate the connection of Spc105 to dynein. Furthermore, a minimal segment of Spc105 that contains regions with a propensity to multimerize and binding motifs for Bub1 and BubR1 is sufficient to functionally link Spc105 to RZZ and dynein. Deletion of the minimal region from Spc105 reduces recruitment of its binding partners to bioriented kinetochores and causes chromosome mis-segregation. Restoration of normal chromosome segregation and localization of BubR1 and RZZ requires both protein binding motifs and higher-order oligomerization of Spc105. Together, our results reveal that higher-order multimerization of Spc105 is required to recruit a core pool of RZZ that modulates microtubule attachment stability to promote accurate chromosome segregation.
CRISPRi Gene Modulation and All-Optical Electrophysiology in Post-Differentiated Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Han Julie L. , Heinson Yuli W. , Chua Christianne J. , Liu Wei , Entcheva Emilia 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTUncovering gene-phenotype relationships can be enabled by precise gene modulation in human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and follow up phenotyping using scalable all- optical electrophysiology platforms. Such efforts towards human functional genomics can be aided by recent CRISPR-derived technologies for reversible gene inhibition or activation (CRISPRi/a). We set out to characterize the performance of CRISPRi in post-differentiated iPSC-CMs, targeting key cardiac ion channel genes, KCNH2, KCNJ2, and GJA1, and providing a multiparametric quantification of the effects on cardiac repolarization, stability of the resting membrane potential and conduction properties using all- optical tools. More potent CRISPRi effectors, e.g. Zim3, and optimized viral delivery led to improved performance on par with the use of CRISPRi iPSC lines. Confirmed mild yet specific phenotype changes when CRISPRi is deployed in non-dividing differentiated heart cells is an important step towards more holistic pre-clinical cardiotoxicity testing and for future therapeutic use in vivo.
Lipidome unsaturation affects the morphology and proteome of theDrosophilaeye
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Has Canan , Lam-Kamath Khanh , Ayciriex Sophie , Dewett Deepshe , Bashir Mhamed , Poupault Clara , Schuhmann Kai , Knittelfelder Oskar , Raghuraman Bharath Kumar , Ahrends Robert , Rister Jens , Shevchenko Andrej 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile the proteome of an organism is largely determined by the genome, the lipidome is shaped by a poorly understood interplay of environmental factors and metabolic processes. To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms, we analyzed the impacts of dietary lipid manipulations on the ocular proteome ofDrosophila melanogaster. We manipulated the lipidome with synthetic food media that differed in the supplementation of an equal amount of saturated or polyunsaturated triacylglycerols. This allowed us to generate flies whose eyes had a highly contrasting length and unsaturation of glycerophospholipids, the major lipid class of biological membranes, while the abundance of other membrane lipid classes remained unchanged. By bioinformatically comparing the resulting ocular proteomic trends and contrasting them with the impacts of vitamin A deficiency, we identified ocular proteins whose abundances are differentially affected by lipid saturation and unsaturation. For instance, we unexpectedly identified a group of proteins that have muscle-related functions and increase their abundances in the eye upon lipidome unsaturation but are unaffected by lipidome saturation. Moreover, we identified two differentially lipid-responsive proteins involved in stress responses, Turandot A and Smg5, whose abundances decrease with lipid unsaturation. Lastly, we discovered that the ocular lipid class composition is robust to dietary changes and propose that this may be a general homeostatic feature of the organization of eukaryotic tissues, while the length and unsaturation of fatty acid moieties is more variable to compensate environmental challenges. We anticipate that these insights into the molecular responses of theDrosophilaeye proteome to specific lipid manipulations will guide the genetic dissection of the mechanisms that maintain visual function when the eye is exposed to dietary challenges.