bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scoping review of empirical research on firearms and firearm violence among sexual and gender minority populations in the United States
Authors: Correll-King Wesley M , Crifasi Cassandra , Gamarel Kristi E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Firearms-related health sciences research has documented disparities in fatal and nonfatal firearm injury impacting populations in the United States defined by race and ethnicity, age, gender, and geography. Recent reports from research and advocacy organizations have highlighted a need for this research to include sexual and gender minority (ie, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer [LGBTQ+]) populations to guide public health efforts to prevent homicide, suicide, and injury.

Purpose
The current review examines and summarizes existing research related to firearms and LGBTQ+ populations in the United States.

Methods
A search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, LGBT Life, and Scopus was conducted in May 2024 using search strings related to LGBTQ+ populations, firearms, and suicide. Articles were included in this review if they were peer-reviewed, empirical studies assessing any construct related to firearms among LGBTQ+ people in the United States.

Results
Ultimately, 35 studies were included. Constructs examined in included studies were suicide (n = 6), homicide (n = 4), responses to the Pulse nightclub shooting (n = 9), nonfatal interpersonal violence (n = 4), and firearm access and ownership (n = 12).

Conclusions
Findings identified substantial gaps in the literature, underscoring an urgent need for LGBTQ+ health researchers and firearm injury prevention researchers to collaboratively extend and improve the evidence base on firearms among LGBTQ+ populations. Key recommendations include improving Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity data collection in firearms research, collecting original data to address LGBTQ+-specific and LGBTQ+-inclusive research questions regarding firearms, broadening the scope of firearms constructs assessed among LGTBQ+ populations, and using intersectionality to guide future research.
Defect Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Modules Using Quantitative Electroluminescence Imaging
Authors: Truong Le Phuong , Liet Nguyen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a defect analysis and performance evaluation of photovoltaic modules using quantitative electroluminescence imaging. The study analyzed three common PV technologies: thin-film, mono-crystalline silicon, and poly-crystalline silicon. Experimental results indicate that mono-crystalline silicon panels have the lowest degradation rate, ranging from 0.861% to 0.886%, compared to thin-film panels, which range from 1.39% to 1.53%, and poly- crystalline panels, which range from 1.32% to 1.62%. The primary defects in thin-film technology include the formation of small shunts that gradually accumulate, causing shading and obstructing current flow, thereby reducing efficiency. For mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline technologies, defects include oxidation leading to loss of connection, layer wrinkles causing shading, and the accumulation of dust and animal waste. The study also demonstrates the effectiveness of using electroluminescence to identify micro-defects with high accuracy. The comprehensive quantitative electroluminescence method not only assesses defects with high accuracy but also offers practical insights for improving maintenance strategies and performance in tropical climates.
TinyThunder: enabling asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerance with optimal communication efficiency
Authors: Chen Xiaorui , Li Xiangxue 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The paper introduces TinyThunder, an asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) protocol designed to minimize communication overhead during inter-node message transmission. Regardless of the original transaction sizes, TinyThunder optimizes the acknowledgment overhead for a transaction to a constant size (e.g. 8 bytes). This optimization is based on a key observation in BFT systems: each transaction is redundantly stored by at least one honest node. Instead of transmitting the original transaction, TinyThunder only needs to send a specific feature value to confirm a transaction, leading to the development of our new compact reliable broadcast protocol. Additionally, we introduce a novel block compensation protocol that ensures the consistency of recovering these feature values and enables TinyThunder to achieve the desirable property of strong validity. The implementation and evaluation of TinyThunder in large-scale wide-area network environments demonstrate its superiority over the well-known HoneyBadgerBFT, with higher throughput (increased by 122%) and lower latency (reduced by 54%). Notably, TinyThunder also exhibits significant bandwidth savings for larger individual transaction sizes. For transactions of 250B in size, TinyThunder reduces bandwidth consumption by 56% compared to HoneyBadgerBFT.
The evaluation of targeted exome sequencing of candidate genes in a Han Chinese population with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Zhou Yiwen , Zhang Youjia , Xu Qingdan , Sun Xinghuai , Chen Yuhong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), known as a common ocular disease with genetic heterogeneity, is characterized by progressive optic disc atrophy and visual field defects. This study aimed to assess the contribution of previously reported POAG-associated genes and investigate potential functional variations and genotype–phenotype correlations in a Han Chinese population. DNA from 500 cases and 500 controls was pooled and sequenced using a customized panel of 398 candidate genes. After prioritization, 21 SNPs from 16 genes were genotyped in the first replication cohort (500 cases and 500 controls), and 9 SNPs were genotyped in the second replication cohort (500 cases and 500 controls). Allelic associations and odds ratios were adjusted for age and sex, while linear regression assessed SNP correlations with POAG endophenotypes. Haplotype analysis and linkage disequilibrium were performed using Haploview. In silico prediction tools were used to predict pathogenicity and function. SNPs from MFN2, DGKG, PKHD1, PTPRJ, and LTBP2 were associated with POAG in at least one cohort, and SNPs from EXOC2, PTPRJ, and LTBP2 showed significant correlations with intraocular pressure. Additionally, haplotype analysis revealed a significant association between the EXOC2 TGC haplotype and POAG risk. We validated several candidate genes and identified novel SNPs, providing further insight into the genetic architecture of POAG in the Han Chinese population.
An examination of ambulatory care code specificity utilization in ICD-10-CM compared to ICD-9-CM: implications for ICD-11 implementation
Authors: Fenton Susan H , Ciminello Cassandra , Mays Vickie M , Stanfill Mary H , Watzlaf Valerie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
The ICD-10-CM classification system contains more specificity than its predecessor ICD-9-CM. A stated reason for transitioning to ICD-10-CM was to increase the availability of detailed data. This study aims to determine whether the increased specificity contained in ICD-10-CM is utilized in the ambulatory care setting and inform an evidence-based approach to evaluate ICD-11 content for implementation planning in the United States.

Materials and Methods
Diagnosis codes and text descriptions were extracted from a 25% random sample of the IQVIA Ambulatory EMR—US database for 2014 (ICD-9-CM, n = 14 327 155) and 2019 (ICD-10-CM, n = 13 062 900). Code utilization data was analyzed for the total and unique number of codes. Frequencies and tests of significance determined the percentage of available codes utilized and the unspecified code rates for both code sets in each year.

Results
Only 44.6% of available ICD-10-CM codes were used compared to 91.5% of available ICD-9-CM codes. Of the total codes used, 14.5% ICD-9-CM codes were unspecified, while 33.3% ICD-10-CM codes were unspecified.

Discussion
Even though greater detail is available, a 108.5% increase in using unspecified codes with ICD-10-CM was found. The utilization data analyzed in this study does not support a rationale for the large increase in the number of codes in ICD-10-CM. New technologies and methods are likely needed to fully utilize detailed classification systems.

Conclusion
These results help evaluate the content needed in the United States national ICD standard. This analysis of codes in the current ICD standard is important for ICD-11 evaluation, implementation, and use.
Comparison of gene expression of bone regulators and bone microstructure in 20 weeks old female mice of two different strains (C57BL/6J and C3H/HeOuJ)
Authors: Butylina Maria , Priklopil Marie-Christine , Hudec Michael , Wahl-Figlash Katharina , Gelles Katharina , Patsch Janina , Pietschmann Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A huge number of inbred mouse strains with different bone properties have become available for musculoskeletal research. C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice show a significant difference in their bone characteristics. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge on the molecular basis of these strain differences. The aim of this study is to determine the gene expression of selected regulators expressed in the bone marrow as well as bone microstructure of C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice. Bone properties were investigated in 20-week-old female C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice. Total RNA was extracted from the bone marrow of the tibia and gene expression of the following genes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR: SOST, DKK1, OPN, FGF23, RANKL, IL6, TNF, IL17a, and OPG. The femur and third lumbar vertebral body (L3) were investigated by μCT. Bone histomorphometric evaluations were performed in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase/toluidine blue stained fourth lumbar vertebral bodies (L4). C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice showed significant differences in the gene expression of DKK1, FGF23, IL-6, TNF, and OPG. When compared with C57Bl/6J mice, C3H/HeOuJ mice had a stronger cortical and trabecular bone microstructure at the femur. In contrast, at L3 bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) and trabecular number were significantly higher in C57Bl/6J than in C3H/HeOuJ mice. Bone histomorphometry of L4 revealed significantly higher BV/TV, trabecular number, and thickness in C57Bl/6J mice. Furthermore, the number of osteoblasts and the number of osteoclasts/bone perimeter were higher in the C57Bl/6J mice. This study shows that C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice exhibit a differential expression of cytokines present in the bone marrow. Bone properties differ not only between both strains but also in relation to the investigated bone region.
Breeding site fidelity in the concrete jungle: implications for the management of urban mallards
Authors: Engler Marc , Chavez Rubén , Sens Rebekka , Lundberg Maja , Delor Alexandra , Rousset François , Courtiol Alexandre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the selection of breeding sites in cities is key for the effective management of urban bird populations. We analysed 16 years of data collected within a relocation program for female mallards in Berlin (Germany), with the goal of (i) characterizing the breeding output and breeding sites in urban environments, (ii) identifying factors correlating with probabilities of individuals to return to previously used breeding sites (i.e. breeding site fidelity) and (iii) assessing the consequences of ongoing management strategies on the selection of breeding sites. Mallards using anthropogenic structures for breeding primarily chose balconies, roof terraces and courtyards. In 22.8% of cases, mallards selected the same sites in subsequent breeding events. Breeding site fidelity decreased with higher human population density at that location, and decreased as mallard families were relocated further away from the breeding site to a suitable water body. In contrast, return probabilities were higher for subsequent broods within the same breeding season than across two successive seasons. Above all, the identity of the breeding location and the identity of the female best predicted whether an individual would return to a given breeding site. We conclude that breeding site fidelity in urban mallards is strongly shaped by micro-scale location-specific properties (e.g. balcony characteristics), as well as individual variation due to an intrinsic propensity for site fidelity. We argue that adequate management for waterfowl in urban environments depends on why birds choose to breed on anthropogenic structures, on their conservation status and the availability of breeding sites around urban waters.
Investigating the origins of the mutational signatures in cancer
Authors: Boysen Gunnar , Alexandrov Ludmil B , Rahbari Raheleh , Nookaew Intawat , Ussery Dave , Chao Mu-Rong , Hu Chiung-Wen , Cooke Marcus S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Most of the risk factors associated with chronic and complex diseases, such as cancer, stem from exogenous and endogenous exposures experienced throughout an individual’s life, collectively known as the exposome. These exposures can modify DNA, which can subsequently lead to the somatic mutations found in all normal and tumor tissues. Understanding the precise origins of specific somatic mutations has been challenging due to multitude of DNA adducts (i.e. the DNA adductome) and their diverse positions within the genome. Thus far, this limitation has prevented researchers from precisely linking exposures to DNA adducts and DNA adducts to subsequent mutational outcomes. Indeed, many common mutations observed in human cancers appear to originate from error-prone endogenous processes. Consequently, it remains unclear whether these mutations result from exposure-induced DNA adducts, or arise indirectly from endogenous processes or are a combination of both. In this review, we summarize approaches that aim to bridge our understanding of the mechanism by which exposure leads to DNA damage and then to mutation and highlight some of the remaining challenges and shortcomings to fully supporting this paradigm. We emphasize the need to integrate cellular DNA adductomics, long read-based mapping, single-molecule duplex sequencing of native DNA molecules and advanced computational analysis. This proposed holistic approach aims to unveil the causal connections between key DNA modifications and the mutational landscape, whether they originate from external exposures, internal processes or a combination of both, thereby addressing key questions in cancer biology.
stana: an R package for metagenotyping analysis and interactive application based on clinical data
Authors: Sato Noriaki , Katayama Kotoe , Miyaoka Daichi , Uematsu Miho , Saito Ayumu , Fujimoto Kosuke , Uematsu Satoshi , Imoto Seiya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metagenotyping of metagenomic data has recently attracted increasing attention as it resolves intraspecies diversity by identifying single nucleotide variants. Furthermore, gene copy number analysis within species provides a deeper understanding of metabolic functions in microbial communities. However, a platform for examining metagenotyping results based on relevant grouping data is lacking. Here, we have developed the R package, stana, for the processing and analysis of metagenotyping results. The package consists of modules for preprocessing, statistical analysis, functional analysis and visualization. An interactive analysis environment for exploring the metagenotyping results was also developed and publicly released with over 1000 publicly available metagenome samples related to human diseases. Three examples exploring the relationship between the metagenotypes of the gut microbiome and human diseases are presented—end-stage renal disease, Crohn’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The results suggest that stana facilitated the confirmation of the original study’s findings and the generation of a new hypothesis. The GitHub repository for the package is available at https://github.com/noriakis/stana.
Activation and co-optation: The strategic adoption of compulsory voting in Western Europe
Authors: Ruiz-Rufino Rubén , Ivandić Ria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Why was compulsory voting (CV) adopted in a moment when the Left was mobilized and enfranchisement was extended? We answer this apparent paradox by developing an argument explaining that making voting mandatory, in fact, benefited the parties that sponsored that policy. Traditional conservative and liberal parties used CV to mobilize some of their own voters but also to co-opt newly enfranchised ones, thus, increasing their electoral support. Activation was possible because by making voting mandatory, the cost of voting for already enfranchised voters was lower than for newly enfranchised individuals. Co-optation took place in contexts where low levels of economic development fostered extensive practices of electoral malpractice. These theoretical claims are tested using a district-level dataset covering the 1892 and 1894 Belgian elections, and a province-level dataset of parliamentary elections in Spain between 1890 and 1920.
Magnetophononics and the chiral phonon misnomer
Authors: Merlin R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The direct, ultrafast excitation of polar phonons with electromagnetic radiation is a potent strategy for controlling the properties of a wide range of materials, particularly in the context of influencing their magnetic behavior. Here, we show that, contrary to common perception, the origin of phonon-induced magnetic activity does not stem from the Maxwellian fields resulting from the motion of the ions themselves or the effect their motion exerts on the electron subsystem. Through the mechanism of electron–phonon coupling, a coherent state of circularly polarized phonons generates substantial non-Maxwellian fields that disrupt time-reversal symmetry, effectively emulating the behavior of authentic magnetic fields. Notably, the effective fields can reach magnitudes as high as 100 T, surpassing by a factor of α−2≈2×104 the Maxwellian fields resulting from the inverse Faraday effect; α is the fine-structure constant. Because the light-induced nonreciprocal fields depend on the square of the phonon displacements, the chirality the photons transfer to the ions plays no role in magnetophononics.
Evaluating the Exposome Score for Schizophrenia in a Transdiagnostic Psychosis Cohort: Associations With Psychosis Risk, Symptom Severity, and Personality Traits
Authors: Kromenacker Bryan , Yassin Walid , Keshavan Matcheri , Parker David , Thakkar Vishal J , Pearlson Godfrey , Keedy Sarah , McDowell Jennifer , Gershon Elliot , Ivleva Elena , Hill S Kristian , Clementz Brett A , Tamminga Carol A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Investigations of causal pathways for psychosis can be guided by the identification of environmental risk factors. A recently developed composite risk tool, the exposome score for schizophrenia (ES-SCZ), which controls for intercorrelations between risk factors, has shown fair to good performance. We tested the transdiagnostic psychosis classifier performance of the ES-SCZ with the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermedial Phenotypes data and examined its relationship with clinical-level outcomes.

Study Design
We computed the case-control classifier performance for the ES-SCZ from cross-sectional data on 1055 volunteers with psychotic diagnoses (schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar psychosis) and 510 controls. Multivariate regression models were used to control for the correlations between outcomes and to correct for the effects of age, sex, and family socioeconomic status across outcomes. We estimated association for the ES-SCZ with psychosis and mood symptom severity, the 5-factor model of personality, and function across biologically defined biotypes, traditional diagnostic categories, and controls.

Study Results
ES-SCZ classifier performance for psychosis was fair to good. ES-SCZ associations with personality factor scores were qualitatively similar between psychosis groups and controls with decreased conscientiousness and agreeableness and increased neuroticism. The patterns of associations between ES-SCZ and symptoms differed across biotypes and diagnoses. Biotype 3 and bipolar disorder had consistent within-group associations where greater exposome score predicted more severe symptoms and worse function.

Conclusions
ES-SCZ performance was consistent with previous reports in this transdiagnostic psychosis sample (adjusted odds ratio: 3.331 [2.834, 3.915], P &lt; .001; area under the curve: 0.762 [0.735, 0.789]). Individual differences in ES-SCZ magnitude may be useful for investigating causal pathways between developmentally relevant exposures and symptomatic expression of psychosis.
Early Mobilization and Predictors of Delayed Disposition for Geriatric Hip Fractures
Authors: Jenkins Ryne , Acampa Daniel , Hinnenkamp Glyn , Hoehmann Christopher L , Vaysman Maksim , Mon Nwe Oo , Ruotolo Charles , Murphy Dennis 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the effect of perioperative variables including PT and walking distance on length of stay (LOS) in hip fracture patients.

METHODS:

Design: A retrospective review.

Setting:
Single level I trauma center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients ≥ 65 years of age with hip fractures (OTA/AO 31-A and 31-B) between 2017-2020 were included. Patients were excluded if they were treated nonoperatively, suffered periprosthetic fracture or were not admitted under the hip fracture protocol.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Admission and perioperative variables including time to surgery and number of postoperative days (PODs) without a documented PT session during the first three PODs were assessed for correlation with increased total hospital length of stay and postoperative length of stay.

RESULTS:
There were 301 patients included (234 (77.7%) female) with an average age of 84.4 years (± 8.1 years). Median total LOS was 5 [IQR, 3-7] days and 4 [IQR 3-6] days after surgical fixation. 37% of hip fractures had a delay in discharge. 95% of patients were discharged to a rehabilitation facility. The highest percentage of days with no PT session occurred on Saturdays and Sundays with 43% and 34% on POD#1 respectively; 40% and 33% on POD#2 and 26% and 30% POD#3; p = 0.0004. In multivariate analysis longer total LOS was associated with time to surgery greater than 24 hours (AOR 5.6; 95% CI, 1.8-17.4; p<0.0030), major complication (AOR 8.26; 95% CI, 2.8-20.0; p<0.0014), discharge to subacute rehab (AOR 5.6; 95% CI, 3.0-10.5; p<0.0001) and walking less than five feet or not receiving PT (among patients with no assistance required as pre-hospital ambulatory status) (AOR 6.0; 95% CI, 2.3-15.3; p<0.02). Longer LOS after surgery was associated with major complication (AOR 11.2; 95% CI, 3.1-39.8; p<0.0002), discharge to subacute rehab (AOR 5.0; 95% CI, 2.7-9.1; p<0.0001) and walking less than five feet or no PT (AOR 4.8; 95% CI, 2.0-11.5; p<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS:
Emphasis should be placed on minimizing complications while maximizing postoperative PT and early ambulation in the acute postoperative period given the demonstrated association between inadequate mobilization and delayed disposition, especially if surgical fixation occurs surrounding the weekend or holiday.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Level III