bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the dynamic behavior of droplet impact on the microstructure surface
Authors: Yang Jianhua , Gao Ming , Sun Hailin , Liu Zhennan , Zhang Kaiyuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The problem of droplets impacting rough wall has always been a hot spot in the engineering field. In this paper, the single-component multiphase lattice Boltzmann method is used to construct the wall microstructure, and the dynamic behavior characteristics of droplets impacting rough walls are simulated. The results show that the final state of a droplet impacting rectangular microstructure shows that the hydrophilic surface is more hydrophilic and the hydrophobic surface is more hydrophobic, and compared with the smooth surface, the microstructure surface hinders the rebound of the droplet, and the application of microstructure on the wall can promote the spreading of a droplet on the wall.
Substantial carbon sequestration by peatlands in temperate areas revealed by InSAR
Authors: Khodaei Behshid , Hashemi Hossein , Salimi Shokoufeh , Berndtsson Ronny 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Peatlands are unique ecosystems that contain massive amounts of carbon. These ecosystems are incredibly vulnerable to human disturbance and climate change. This may cause the peatland carbon sink to shift to a carbon source. A change in the carbon storage of peatlands may result in surface deformation. This research uses the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique to measure the deformation of the peatland’s surface in south Sweden in response to the seasonal and extreme weather conditions in recent years, including the unprecedented severe drought in the summer of 2018. The deformation map of the study area is generated through a time-series analysis of InSAR from June 2017 to November 2020. Monitoring the peatland areas in this region is very important as agricultural and human activities have already caused many peatlands to disappear. This further emphasizes the importance of preserving the remaining peat sites in this region. Based on the InSAR results, a method for calculating the carbon flux of the peat areas is proposed, which can be utilized as a regular monitoring approach for other remote areas. Despite the severe drought in the summer of 2018, our findings reveal a significant uplift in most of the investigated peat areas during the study period. Based on our estimations, 86% of the peatlands in the study area experienced an uplift corresponding to about 47 000 tons of carbon uptake per year. In comparison, the remaining 14% showed either subsidence or stable conditions corresponding to about 2300 tons of carbon emission per year during the study period. This emphasizes the importance of InSAR as an efficient and accurate technique to monitor the deformation rate of peatlands, which have a vital role in the global carbon cycle.
Modern air-sea flux distributions reduce uncertainty in the future ocean carbon sink
Authors: McKinley Galen A , Bennington Val , Meinshausen Malte , Nicholls Zebedee 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The ocean has absorbed about 25% of the carbon emitted by humans to date. To better predict how much climate will change, it is critical to understand how this ocean carbon sink will respond to future emissions. Here, we examine the ocean carbon sink response to low emission (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6), intermediate emission (SSP2-4.5, SSP5-3.4-OS), and high emission (SSP5-8.5) scenarios in CMIP6 Earth System Models and in MAGICC7, a reduced-complexity climate carbon system model. From 2020–2100, the trajectory of the global-mean sink approximately parallels the trajectory of anthropogenic emissions. With increasing cumulative emissions during this century (SSP5-8.5 and SSP2-4.5), the cumulative ocean carbon sink absorbs 20%–30% of cumulative emissions since 2015. In scenarios where emissions decline, the ocean absorbs an increasingly large proportion of emissions (up to 120% of cumulative emissions since 2015). Despite similar responses in all models, there remains substantial quantitative spread in estimates of the cumulative sink through 2100 within each scenario, up to 50 PgC in CMIP6 and 120 PgC in the MAGICC7 ensemble. We demonstrate that for all but SSP1-2.6, approximately half of this future spread can be eliminated if model results are adjusted to agree with modern observation-based estimates. Considering the spatial distribution of air-sea CO2 fluxes in CMIP6, we find significant zonal-mean divergence from the suite of newly-available observation-based constraints. We conclude that a significant portion of future ocean carbon sink uncertainty is attributable to modern-day errors in the mean state of air-sea CO2 fluxes, which in turn are associated with model representations of ocean physics and biogeochemistry. Bringing models into agreement with modern observation-based estimates at regional to global scales can substantially reduce uncertainty in future role of the ocean in absorbing anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere and mitigating climate change.
Multibody expansion of the local integrals of motion: how many pairs of particle-hole do we really need to describe the quasiparticles in the many-body localized phase?
Authors: Gholami Zahra , Amini Mohsen , Soltani Morteza , Ghanbari-Adivi Ebrahim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The emergent integrability in a many-body localized (MBL) system can be well characterized by the existence of the complete set of local integrals of motion (LIOMs). Such exactly conserved and exponentially localized operators are often understood as quasiparticle operators which can be expanded in terms of single-particle operators dressed with different numbers of particle-hole pairs. Here, we consider a one-dimensional XXZ spin-

1
2

Heisenberg chain in the presence of a random field and try to quantify the corrections needed to be considered in the picture of quasiparticles associated with LIOMs due to the presence of particle-hole excitations. To this end, we explicitly present the multibody expansion of LIOM creation operators of the system in the MBL regime. We analytically obtain the coefficients of this expansion and discuss the effect of higher-order corrections associated with different numbers of particle-hole excitations. Our analysis shows that depending on the localization length of the system, there exist a regime in which the contributions that come from higher-order terms can break down the effective one-particle description of the LIOMs and such quasiparticles become essentially many-body-like.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Energy Systems in Thakle Namuna Basti - A Case Study
Authors: Shah Malesh , Koirala Kshitiz , Upreti Saugat , Sanjel Nawaraj 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The electrical supply system in most underdeveloped nations is incredibly undependable. The country’s existing distribution system has experienced regular power outages due to population growth, industrial expansion, rough terrain, and a long-distance transmission network. The conventional approach to centralized generation and transmission is failing to address this challenge and as a response, the utilization of renewable energy sources is expanding day by day to alleviate the energy crisis. The purpose of this study is to perform a techno-economic analysis of a 100% renewable off-grid and on-grid hybrid energy system for the electrification of Thakle Namuna Basti, a small communal village in Melamchi, Sindhupalchwok. The HOMER Pro 3.14 program is used to analyze the feasibility of the suggested hybrid power system. The available resources are provided as an input parameter along with load data and HOMER Pro optimizes the list of system architecture for that specific site. In addition, sensitivity analysis is performed for the proposed HES (Hybrid Energy System). The main outcome of the project is to find out the best system architecture based on various economic parameters such as NPC (Net Present Cost), LCOE (Levelized cost of electricity) and Operating and Maintenance Cost. The system having lowest NPC and LCOE makes the best system architecture.
Simulation of passive thermal retrofitting techniques in an earthquake-resistant building: A case study of a building in Thakle Namuna Basti, Melamchi, Nepal
Authors: Shah Malesh , Devkota Parth Singh , Timilsina Gaurav , Shrestha Dikshant , Shrestha Sirapa , Baral Bivek 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Thermal comfort is a relatively emerging topic in the Nepalese context. The role of thermal comfort in building performance is foreshadowed by peoples’ emphasis on only the structural aspect and active heating/cooling systems. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of passive thermal retrofitting techniques in an earthquake-resistant building in a small community called Thakle Namuna Basti of Melamchi, Nepal. Only three retrofitting techniques are used in this simulation; the addition of gypsum plaster on the wall, the use of foam on the floor, and the application of double-glazed windows. The study was conducted through a two-phased survey, and simulation in TRNSYS. The heating and cooling loads before and after retrofitting are compared. It showed that applying passive thermal retrofitting techniques reduced the overall annual heating load by 35% in the winter but increased the overall cooling load by 4% in the summer.
Why Epidemiology Is Incomplete Without Qualitative and Mixed Methods
Authors: Lane-Fall Meghan B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Epidemiology has traditionally used quantitative approaches to characterizing disease prevalence and studying the effects of medical and public health interventions. Despite the power of such methods, they leave important gaps in understanding population health that can be addressed using qualitative and mixed methods. In this commentary, I describe philosophical differences in qualitative and quantitative approaches to research and explain how they can be used together to strengthen epidemiologic inquiry.
Caregiver presence in a home-based cardiac rehabilitation programme improves the health-related quality of life of patients with heart failure
Authors: Noonan Miriam C , Frost Julia , Dalal Hasnain M , Taylor Rod S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rehabilitation EnAblement in CHronic Heart Failure (REACH-HF) is a home-based cardiac rehabilitation intervention designed for patients with heart failure and their caregivers. We present a pooled analysis of patients &gt;18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of HF recruited to two REACH-HF randomized controlled trials. Where identified by patients and consented to participate, caregivers were randomly assigned with patients to receive the REACH-HF intervention plus usual care or usual care alone. Our analysis demonstrated that compared to control group, the REACH-HF group had a greater gain in their disease-specific health-related quality of life at follow-up.
A175 REAL-WORLD EXPERIENCE ON SWITCHING FROM ADALIMUMAB TO BIOSIMILARS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE – AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY FROM THREE TERTIARY CARE CENTRES
Authors: Bedi H , Rosenfeld D , Hoang T , Reise-Filteau M , Bressler B , Leung Y , Singh S , Rosenfeld G 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bowel which includes ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) or unspecific IBD (IBDu). Adalimumab (ADA), a humanized monoclonal IgG antibody against tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa), is an effective treatment for IBD. HumiraTM is an anti-TNFa agent that was approved by Health Canada for the treatment of IBD. In May of 2019, the British Columbia government pharmaceutical benefit plan implemented a biosimilar initiative in May 2019, mandating a non-medical switch from HumiraTM to one of the biosimilar drugs.

Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the real-world experience on the comparative safety and effectiveness of adalimumab biosimilar therapy after a mandatory, non-medical switch.

Method
We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with IBD who either remained on HumiraTM or were switched to an adalimumab biosimilar agent, Idacio, at three tertiary care centres. Patients’ demographic data, disease status including CRP and fecal calprotectin before and after switch, and hospital visits or admission after switch were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and t-test.

Result(s)
Of the 191 patients included in the study, 145 patients underwent the provincial mandated switch from HumiraTM to a biosimilar agent, Idacio® , whereas 46 patients remained on HumiraTM. The median age at IBD diagnosis was 27 years (range 3-76 years), and at biosimilar switch was 43.5 years (15-78 years). Median disease duration prior to biosimilar switch was 13.5 years (range 0-69 years). 55.1% of patients were male, and 12.9% of patients were active smokers. CD was found in 78.9% of patients, and 19.9% of patients had UC. After biosimilar switch, adverse events, such as rash, nausea, or vomiting, were noted in 10 patients in the biosimilar group, and 7 patients required switch back to HumiraTM. All patients in the HumiraTM group stayed on that therapy. One patient stopped the biosimilar agent due to development of a new cancer requiring chemotherapy. None of the patients required IBD-related emergency department visit or hospital admission. Additionally, there was no difference in CRP or fecal calprotectin values measured before and after the biosimilar switch, and when compared to the patients who stayed on HumiraTM (p=0.48, and p=0.142, respectively).

Conclusion(s)
We conclude that the clinical benefit of HumiraTM was sustained after a non-medical switch to an adalimumab biosimilar. There was no risk of relapse, emergency visit, or hospital admission seen in this study. This is the first Canadian study to establish the safety and efficacy of switch to non-medical switch to an adalimumab biosimilar agent.

Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below
None

Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
Thermal acclimation of leaf respiration is consistent in tropical and subtropical populations of two mangrove species
Authors: Chieppa Jeff , Feller Ilka C , Harris Kylie , Dorrance Susannah , Sturchio Matthew A , Gray Eve , Tjoelker Mark G , Aspinwall Michael J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Populations from different climates often show unique growth responses to temperature, reflecting temperature adaptation. Yet, whether populations from different climates differ in physiological temperature acclimation remains unclear. Here, we test whether populations from differing thermal environments exhibit different growth responses to temperature and differences in temperature acclimation of leaf respiration. We grew tropical and subtropical populations of two mangrove species (Avicennia germinans and Rhizophora mangle) under ambient and experimentally warmed conditions in a common garden at the species’ northern range limit. We quantified growth and temperature responses of leaf respiration (R) at seven time points over ~10 months. Warming increased productivity of tropical populations more than subtropical populations, reflecting a higher temperature optimum for growth. In both species, R measured at 25 °C declined as seasonal temperatures increased, demonstrating thermal acclimation. Contrary to our expectations, acclimation of R was consistent across populations and temperature treatments. However, populations differed in adjusting the temperature sensitivity of R (Q10) to seasonal temperatures. Following a freeze event, tropical Avicennia showed greater freeze damage than subtropical Avicennia, while both Rhizophora populations appeared equally susceptible. We found evidence of temperature adaptation at the whole-plant scale but little evidence for population differences in thermal acclimation of leaf physiology. Studies that examine potential costs and benefits of thermal acclimation in an evolutionary context may provide new insights into limits of thermal acclimation.
Estimating dynamical parameters of two interacting galaxies using deep learning
Authors: Mahor Adarsh , Reddy Janvita , Singh Amitesh , Singh Shashwat 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe science behind Galaxy interaction and mergers has a fundamental role and gives us an insight into galaxy formation and its evolution. Fluctuating angular momentum is responsible for extraordinary events like polar rings, tidal tails, and ripples. Various parameters like the mass ratio of the interacting galaxy, orbital parameters, mass distribution, and morphologies are required to study different phenomena related to galaxy interactions. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are widely used to predict image data. Thus, we used CNN as our approach to the problem. In this work, we will use data from state-of-the-art magnetohydrodynamic simulations of galaxy mergers from the GalMer database at different dynamical parameters using image snapshots of merging pairs of galaxies and feeding them to our Deep Learning model. The dynamical parameters we are aiming for would be spin, relative inclination (i), viewing angle (θ), and azimuthal angle (ϕ). We aim to download bulk data using the web scraping method. Here the model can predict the continuous and exact values of the dynamical parameters. We have achieved a 0.9986 R-squared value and a mean absolute error of 0.4348 on testing data. In the end, we used data from Sloan Digital Sky Survey to test our trained model on some real images.
Magnesium promotes tea plant growth via enhanced glutamine synthetase-mediated nitrogen assimilation
Authors: Zhang Qunfeng , Shi Yutao , Hu Hao , Shi Yuanzhi , Tang Dandan , Ruan Jianyun , Fernie Alisdair R , Liu Mei-Ya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Acidic tea (Camellia sinensis) plantation soil usually suffers from magnesium (Mg) deficiency, and as such, application of fertilizer containing Mg can substantially increase tea quality by enhancing the accumulation of nitrogen (N)-containing chemicals such as amino acids in young tea shoots. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the promoting effects of Mg on N assimilation in tea plants remain unclear. Here, both hydroponic and field experiments were conducted to analyze N, Mg, metabolite contents, and gene expression patterns in tea plants. We found that N and amino acids accumulated in tea plant roots under Mg deficiency, while metabolism of N was enhanced by Mg supplementation, especially under a low N fertilizer regime. 15N tracing experiments demonstrated that assimilation of N was induced in tea roots following Mg application. Furthermore, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis of RNA-seq data suggested that genes encoding glutamine synthetase isozymes (CsGSs), key enzymes regulating N assimilation, were markedly regulated by Mg treatment. Overexpression of CsGS1.1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in a more tolerant phenotype under Mg deficiency and increased N assimilation. These results validate our suggestion that Mg transcriptionally regulates CsGS1.1 during the enhanced assimilation of N in tea plant. Moreover, results of a field experiment demonstrated that high Mg and low N had positive effects on tea quality. This study deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactive effects of Mg and N in tea plants while also providing both genetic and agronomic tools for future improvement of tea production.
Photoaging of polystyrene microspheres causes oxidative alterations to surface physicochemistry and enhances airway epithelial toxicity
Authors: El Hayek Eliane , Castillo Eliseo , In Julie G , Garcia Marcus , Cerrato Jose , Brearley Adrian , Gonzalez-Estrella Jorge , Herbert Guy , Bleske Barry , Benavidez Angelica , Hsiao Hsuan , Yin Lei , Campen Matthew J , Yu Xiaozhong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Microplastics represent an emerging environmental contaminant, with large gaps in our understanding of human health impacts. Furthermore, environmental factors may modify the plastic chemistry, further altering the toxic potency. Ultraviolet (UV) light is one such unavoidable factor for airborne microplastic particulates and a known modifier of polystyrene surface chemistry. As an experimental model, we aged commercially available polystyrene microspheres for 5 weeks with UV radiation, then compared the cellular responses in A549 lung cells with both pristine and irradiated particulates. Photoaging altered the surface morphology of irradiated microspheres and increased the intensities of polar groups on the near-surface region of the particles as indicated by scanning electron microscopy and by fitting of high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy C 1s spectra, respectively. Even at low concentrations (1–30 µg/ml), photoaged microspheres at 1 and 5 µm in diameter exerted more pronounced biological responses in the A549 cells than was caused by pristine microspheres. High-content imaging analysis revealed S and G2 cell cycle accumulation and morphological changes, which were also more pronounced in A549 cells treated with photoaged microspheres, and further influenced by the size, dose, and time of exposures. Polystyrene microspheres reduced monolayer barrier integrity and slowed regrowth in a wound healing assay in a manner dependent on dose, photoaging, and size of the microsphere. UV-photoaging generally enhanced the toxicity of polystyrene microspheres in A549 cells. Understanding the influence of weathering and environmental aging, along with size, shape, and chemistry, on microplastics biocompatibility may be an essential consideration for incorporation of different plastics in products.
Effect of Laryngoscope Blade Size on First Pass Success of Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Landefeld Kevin R. , Koike Seiji , Ran Ran , Semler Matthew W. , Barnes Christopher , Stempek Susan B. , Janz David R. , Rice Todd W. , Russell Derek W. , Self Wesley H. , Vonderhaar Derek , West Jason R. , Casey Jonathan D. , Khan Akram ,   for the Pragmatic Critical Care Research Group
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Tracheal intubation (TI) is a common procedure in critical care, often performed with a Macintosh curved blade used for direct laryngoscopy (DL). Minimal evidence informs the choice between Macintosh blade sizes during TI. We hypothesized that Macintosh 4 blade would have higher first-attempt success than Macintosh 3 blade during DL.

DESIGN:
Retrospective analysis using a propensity score and inverse probability weighting of data from six prior multicenter randomized trials.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:
Adult patients who underwent nonelective TI at participating emergency departments and ICUs. We compared the first-pass success of TI with DL in subjects intubated with a size 4 Macintosh blade on the first TI attempt to subjects with a size 3 Macintosh blade on the first TI attempt.

MAIN RESULTS:
Among 979 subjects, 592 (60.5%) had TI using DL with a Macintosh blade, of whom 362 (37%) were intubated with a size 4 blade and 222 (22.7%) with a size 3 blade. We used inverse probability weighting with a propensity score for analyzing data. We found that patients intubated with a size 4 blade had a worse (higher) Cormack-Lehane grade of glottic view than patients intubated with a size 3 blade (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.458; 95% CI, 1.064–2.003; p = 0.02). Patients intubated with a size 4 blade had a lower first pass success than those with a size 3 blade (71.1% vs 81.2%; aOR, 0.566; 95% CI, 0.372–0.850; p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
In critically ill adults undergoing TI using DL with a Macintosh blade, patients intubated using a size 4 blade on first attempt had a worse glottic view and a lower first pass success than patients intubated with a size 3 Macintosh blade. Further prospective studies are needed to examine the optimal approach to selecting laryngoscope blade size during TI of critically ill adults.