bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin Cancer and Hydrochlorothiazide: Novel Population-Based Analyses Considering Personal Risk Factors Including Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Birck Marina G. , Moura Cristiano S. , Machado Marina A.A. , Liu Jia Li , Abrahamowicz Michal , Pilote Louise , Bernatsky Sasha 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Hydrochlorothiazide, a common antihypertensive, has photosensitive properties, potentially increasing skin cancer risk. We evaluated melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer among hydrochlorothiazide users with 3 different cohorts as each allows assessment of different potential cofounders/effect modifiers, including race/ethnicity.

METHODS:
We built 3 cohorts using IBM MarketScan Research Databases: Commercial and Encounters (>3.5 million individuals, 2010–2018), a subcohort with health risk assessment respondents (415, 330), and Medicaid (509, 767, 2011–2017). Adults (aged 18+ years) entered the respective cohort with a first-filled prescription (cohort entry) for hydrochlorothiazide (the exposure of interest) or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (the active comparator), with ≥12 months of continuous enrollment with medical/pharmacy coverage at baseline. We excluded those who used hydrochlorothiazide/ACE inhibitor (including fixed-dose combination products) 12 months before cohort entry and those with prior skin cancer, HIV, or organ transplant. We compared the risk for hydrochlorothiazide versus ACE inhibitor using multivariate proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS:
Baseline characteristics were similar, aside from more Black individuals among hydrochlorothiazide users (43.3% [95% CI, 43.0%–43.6%]) than ACE inhibitor users (28.1% [95% CI, 27.9%–28.3%]). The hazard ratio (95% CI) for nonmelanoma skin cancer related to hydrochlorothiazide (versus ACE inhibitor) was 0.96 (0.91–1.00) in the Commercial cohort, 1.01 (0.77–1.32) for the health risk assessment subcohort, and 1.33 (0.77–2.29) for Medicaid. For melanoma, the respective hazard ratios were 1.07 (0.95–1.20), 0.85 (0.43–1.67), and 0.93 (0.51–1.67), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our evaluation using 3 different approaches, including adjustment for race/ethnicity, did not establish a clear difference between hydrochlorothiazide and ACE inhibitor in terms of skin cancer risk.
Impact of Sex‐ and Gender‐Related Factors on Length of Stay Following Non–ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Multicountry Analysis
Authors: Bender Uri , Norris Colleen M. , Dreyer Rachel P. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Raparelli Valeria , Pilote Louise 
Published: July 2023

Background
Gender‐related factors are psycho‐socio‐cultural characteristics and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in acute myocardial infarction, independent of sex. Whether sex‐ and gender‐related factors contribute to the substantial heterogeneity in hospital length of stay (LOS) among patients with non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction remains unknown.

Methods and Results

This observational cohort study combined and analyzed data from the GENESIS‐PRAXY (Gender and Sex Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Beyond Premature Acute Coronary Syndrome study), EVA (Endocrine Vascular Disease Approach study), and VIRGO (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI [Acute Myocardial Infarction] Patients study) cohorts of adults hospitalized across Canada, the United States, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, and Australia for non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction. In total, 5219 participants were assessed for eligibility. Sixty‐three patients were excluded for missing LOS, and 2938 were excluded because of no non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction diagnosis. In total, 2218 participants were analyzed (66% women; mean±SD age, 48.5±7.9 years; 67.8% in the United States). Individuals with longer LOS (51%) were more likely to be White race, were more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, and a lower income, and were less likely to be employed and have completed secondary education. No univariate association between sex and LOS was observed. In the adjusted multivariable model, age (0.62 d/10 y;
P
<0.001), unemployment (0.63 days;
P
=0.01), and some of countries included relative to Canada (Italy, 4.1 days; Spain, 1.7 days; and the United States, −1.0 days; all
P
<0.001) were independently associated with longer LOS. Medical history mediated the effect of employment on LOS. No interaction between sex and employment was observed. Longer LOS was associated with increased 12‐month all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions
Older age, unemployment, and country of hospitalization were independent predictors of LOS, regardless of sex. Individuals employed with non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction were more likely to experience shorter LOS. Sociocultural factors represent a potential target for improvement in health care expenditure and resource allocation.
Pregnancy Loss and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and All‐Cause Mortality: A Nationwide Partner Comparison Cohort Study
Authors: Mikkelsen Anders Pretzmann , Egerup Pia , Kolte Astrid Marie , Westergaard David , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Nielsen Henriette Svarre , Lidegaard Øjvind 
Published: July 2023

Background
Pregnancy loss has been associated with myocardial infarction, stroke, and all‐cause mortality in women through unknown mechanisms. The aim of this study was to examine these associations in women and their male partners.

Methods and Results
In this register‐based cohort study, all people born between 1957 and 1997, residing in Denmark between 1977 and 2017, and with a registered partner of the opposite sex were eligible for inclusion. Male partners through cohabitation, marriage, or paternity constituted the male cohort. Exposure to pregnancy loss was categorized as follows: 0, 1, 2, or ≥3 pregnancy losses. The outcomes of interest were myocardial infarction, stroke, and all‐cause mortality. The Cox proportional hazards model estimated hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for age, calendar year, parity, and parental history of myocardial infarction or stroke.
During follow‐up, 1 112 507 women experienced 4463 events of myocardial infarction compared with 13 838 events among 1 120 029 male partners. With the no pregnancy loss group as reference, the adjusted HRs of myocardial infarction in the female cohort after 1, 2, and ≥3 pregnancy losses were as follows: 1.1 (95% CI, 1.0–1.2), 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1–1.5), and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1–1.8), respectively. In the male partner cohort, the corresponding estimates were 1.0 (95% CI, 1.0–1.1), 1.1 (95% CI, 1.0–1.2), and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.8–1.2), respectively. The outcome of stroke showed similar results. Pregnancy loss was not significantly associated with increased mortality in either sex.

Conclusions
Pregnancy loss or stillbirth was significantly associated with myocardial infarction and stroke in women but not their male partners. Pregnancy loss or stillbirth was not significantly associated with all‐cause mortality in women or male partners.
Effectiveness of Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Clinical Practice
Authors: Alkhouli Mohamad , Van Houten Holly K. , Yao Xiaoxi , Holmes David R. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has reduced the risk of recurrent stroke in patients with cryptogenic strokes in randomized clinical trials. Whether PFO closure in clinical practice is associated with similar benefit remains unknown.

Methods and Results

We identified patients with PFO and a history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who were treated with PFO closure or medical therapy in the OptumLabs database. The primary end point was recurrent ischemic stroke or systemic embolization. Secondary outcomes included mortality, all stroke, transient ischemic attack, and major bleeding. A total of 6668 propensity‐matched patients were included (PFO closure n=4111; medical therapy n=2557). The incidence of stroke or systemic embolization per 100 person‐years was 2.38 after PFO cohort and 2.99 with medical therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85 [95% CI, 0.68–1.05],
P
=0.13). Mortality was lower in the PFO closure cohort (1.78 versus 2.59 per 100 person‐years: HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.55–0.87],
P
=0.002). Falsification end points showed that this difference is unlikely to be completely explained by residual confounders. There were no significant differences between the groups in secondary end points including intracranial hemorrhage and major bleeding except for an increase in nonintracranial hemorrhage bleeding among patients treated with oral anticoagulation (1.42 versus 2.16 per 100 person‐years: HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.48–0.99],
P
=0.043). The main end point was consistent in subanalyses including patients <60 years of age, patients with prior stroke, and those treated after the publication of the positive PFO trials in 2017.

Conclusions
In contemporary US practice, PFO closure is not associated with lower rates of recurrent ischemic stroke or systemic embolization compared with medical therapy. Potential reasons for this discrepancy warrant further investigation.
Explorative Synthetic Biology in AI: Criteria of Relevance and a Taxonomy for Synthetic Models of Living and Cognitive Processes
Authors: Damiano Luisa , Stano Pasquale 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article tackles the topic of the special issue “Biology in AI: New Frontiers in Hardware, Software and Wetware Modeling of Cognition” in two ways. It addresses the problem of the relevance of hardware, software, and wetware models for the scientific understanding of biological cognition, and it clarifies the contributions that synthetic biology, construed as the synthetic exploration of cognition, can offer to artificial intelligence (AI). The research work proposed in this article is based on the idea that the relevance of hardware, software, and wetware models of biological and cognitive processes—that is, the concrete contribution that these models can make to the scientific understanding of life and cognition—is still unclear, mainly because of the lack of explicit criteria to assess in what ways synthetic models can support the experimental exploration of biological and cognitive phenomena. Our article draws on elements from cybernetic and autopoietic epistemology to define a framework of reference, for the synthetic study of life and cognition, capable of generating a set of assessment criteria and a classification of forms of relevance, for synthetic models, able to overcome the sterile, traditional polarization of their evaluation between mere imitation and full reproduction of the target processes. On the basis of these tools, we tentatively map the forms of relevance characterizing wetware models of living and cognitive processes that synthetic biology can produce and outline a programmatic direction for the development of “organizationally relevant approaches” applying synthetic biology techniques to the investigative field of (embodied) AI.
Use-Inspired, Process-Oriented GCM Selection: Prioritizing Models for Regional Dynamical Downscaling
Authors: Goldenson Naomi , Leung L. Ruby , Mearns Linda O. , Pierce David W. , Reed Kevin A. , Simpson Isla R. , Ullrich Paul , Krantz Will , Hall Alex , Jones Andrew , Rahimi Stefan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dynamical downscaling is a crucial process for providing regional climate information for broad uses, using coarser-resolution global models to drive higher-resolution regional climate simulations. The pool of global climate models (GCMs) providing the fields needed for dynamical downscaling has increased from the previous generations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). However, with limited computational resources, the need for prioritizing the GCMs for subsequent downscaling studies remains. GCM selection for dynamical downscaling should focus on evaluating processes relevant for providing boundary conditions to the regional models and be inspired by regional uses such as the response of extremes to changes in the boundary conditions. This leads to the need for metrics representing processes of relevance to diverse stakeholders and subregions of a domain. Procedures to account for metric redundancy and the statistical distinguishability of GCM rankings are required. Further, procedures for selecting realizations from ensembles of top-performing GCM simulations can be used to span the range of climate change signals in multiple ways. As a result, distinct weighting of metrics and prioritization of particular realizations may depend on user needs. We provide high-level guidelines for such region-specific evaluations and address how CMIP7 might enable dynamical downscaling of a representative sample of high-quality models across representative shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs).
Sexual Harassment in Surgery—Is Operating Room Culture the Culprit?
Authors: Freedman-Weiss Mollie R. , Coppersmith Nathan A. , Chiu Alexander S. , Heller Danielle R. , Cutler Abigail S. , Longo Walter E , Oliveira Kristen , Yoo Peter S. 
Published: July 2023

Background Sexual harassment is a known problem in surgical training and a focus of growing attention in recent years. However, the environments where sexual harassment in surgical training most commonly takes place are not yet described. Methods An anonymous, voluntary, electronic survey was distributed to surgical trainees, and all programs nationally were invited to participate. Results Sixteen general surgery training programs elected to participate, and the survey achieved a response rate of 30%. 48.9% of respondents reported experiencing sexual harassment. The most common location for harassment was in the operating room (OR) (74% of harassed respondents). The second most common location for harassment was the wards (67.4% of harassed respondents). In the OR, attendings and nurses were the most common harassers. The most common harassment in the OR was being called a sexist slur or intimate nickname. Discussion Surgical trainees report that the OR was the most common location for trainee harassment. Given that harassment is most commonly perpetrated by both attendings and nurses, harassment in surgical training may not entirely be due to hierarchies but may also be attributed to a flawed and permissive OR culture. Surgical training programs should vigilantly eliminate the circumstances that permit sexual harassment in the OR.
A revised PMV model: From a physiological standpoint
Authors: Zhuang Lianfei , Huang Jingxin , Zhong Ke 
Published: July 2023

In the field of thermal comfort, the adaptive approach is widely used. However, the current main adaptive models correlate thermal comfort with outdoor temperature, and the PMV model is only concerned with behavioural adaptation. The purpose of this paper is to develop a revised PMV (rPMV) model that can account for both behavioural and psychological adaptation. From a physiological standpoint, psychological adaptation affects the actual neutral skin temperature and actual sensitivity to thermal load change, whereas these two parameters used in the PMV model have no relation to psychological adaptation. When using the actual neutral skin temperature and actual sensitivity to thermal load change, the rPMV model can thus account for both psychological and behavioural adaptation. The actual neutral skin temperatures and sensitivities for Shanghai residents in the autumn, as well as Nanjing residents in the summer and winter, were calculated using data from field experiments that measured environmental parameters and investigated thermal sensation. The results show that the rPMV model significantly improves thermal sensation prediction accuracy compared to the PMV model. According to the findings, the rPMV model can be used to create an energy-efficient and comfortable indoor environment. Practical applications: The thermal comfort prediction model assesses indoor climate, which has a significant impact on building energy consumption and thus its sustainability. The use of a good prediction model is critical to the success of building design. This paper develops a thermal comfort prediction model that can not only accurately predict thermal comfort of building occupant but also be used to design sustainable buildings.
GROUNDED: A localizing ground penetrating radar evaluation dataset for learning to localize in inclement weather
Authors: Ort Teddy , Gilitschenski Igor , Rus Daniela 
Published: July 2023

Mapping and localization using surface features is prone to failure due to environment changes such as inclement weather. Recently, Localizing Ground Penetrating Radar (LGPR) has been proposed as an alternative means of localizing using underground features that are stable over time and less affected by surface conditions. However, due to the lack of commercially available LGPR sensors, the wider research community has been largely unable to replicate this work or build new and innovative solutions. We present GROUNDED, an open dataset of LGPR scans collected in a variety of environments and weather conditions. By labeling these data with ground truth localization from an RTK-GPS/Inertial Navigation System, and carefully calibrating and time-synchronizing the radar scans with ground truth positions, camera imagery, and lidar data, we enable researchers to build novel localization solutions that are resilient to changing surface conditions. We include 108 individual runs totaling 450 km of driving with LGPR, GPS, odometry, camera, and lidar measurements. We also present two new evaluation benchmarks for 1) localizing in weather and 2) multi-lane localization, to enable comparisons of future work supported by the dataset. Additionally, we present a first application of the new dataset in the form of LGPRNet: an inception-based CNN architecture for learning localization that is resilient to changing weather conditions. The dataset can be accessed at http://lgprdata.com .
Identification and Interaction Analysis of Molecular Markers in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis
Authors: Giriyappagoudar Muttanagouda , Vastrad Basavaraj , Horakeri Rajeshwari , Vastrad Chanabasayya 
Published: July 2023

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Intense efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms of PDAC are still not well understood. The purpose of this study is to further explore the molecular mechanism of PDAC through integrated bioinformatics analysis. Methods: To identify the candidate genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of PDAC, next-generation sequencing (NGS) data set GSE133684 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed and the module analysis was performed using Integrated Interactions Database (IID) interactome database and Cytoscape. Subsequently, miRNA-DEG regulatory network and TF-DEG regulatory network were constructed using miRNet database, NetworkAnalyst database, and Cytoscape software. The expression levels of hub genes were validated based on Kaplan-Meier analysis, expression analysis, stage analysis, mutation analysis, protein expression analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: A total of 463 DEGs were identified, consisting of 232 upregulated genes and 233 downregulated genes. The enriched GO terms and pathways of the DEGs include vesicle organization, secretory vesicle, protein dimerization activity, lymphocyte activation, cell surface, transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups, hemostasis, and adaptive immune system. Four hub genes (namely, cathepsin B [CCNB1], four-and-a-half LIM domains 2 (FHL2), major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1 (HLA-DPA1) and tubulin beta 1 class VI (TUBB1)) were obtained via taking interaction of different analysis results. Conclusions: On the whole, the findings of this investigation enhance our understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms of PDAC and provide potential targets for further investigation.
Republication of “Open Repair of Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures: Is the Incidence of Clinically Significant Wound Complications Overestimated?”
Authors: Bishop Meghan E. , Comer Carly D. , Kane Justin M. , Maltenfort Mitchell G. , Raikin Steven M. 
Published: July 2023

Background: Conflicting evidence exists regarding the optimal management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Operative repair is thought to afford patients a lower risk of rerupture, albeit at a higher overall risk of wound complications. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 369 consecutive patients undergoing open repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures performed by a single foot and ankle fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon was undertaken. Healing was classified as no complications, complications without prolonging treatment, complications requiring prolonged local treatment, and complications requiring operative intervention. A statistical analysis comparing the rates of complications in this cohort to that reported in the literature was conducted. Results: There were a total of 33 (8.94%) wound complications. Compared to the rates reported in the literature, no significant difference was detected ( P = .3943; CI 6.24-12.33). However, when the complications not requiring additional treatment or prolonged care were excluded, only 9 wound complications (2.44%) were identified—a significantly lower complication rate than that reported in the literature ( P < .0001; CI 1.12-4.58). There were only 2 (0.54%) major complications requiring operative intervention, also a significantly lower rate than in the literature ( P < .0001; CI 0.067-1.94). Conclusion: In the past, wound-healing complications have been cited as a concern when treating patients operatively. We found that when solely looking at healing complications prolonging the patients’ overall recovery, a significantly lower rate of complications existed compared to that reported in the literature. Level of Evidence: Level IV.