bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear fourth-order elastic characterization of the cornea using torsional wave elastography
Authors: Callejas Antonio , Faris Inas , Torres Jorge , Rus Guillermo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMeasuring the mechanical nonlinear properties of the cornea remains challenging due to the lack of consensus in the methodology and in the models that effectively predict its behaviour. This study proposed developing a procedure to reconstruct nonlinear fourth-order elastic properties of the cornea based on a mathematical model derived from the theory of Hamilton et al. and using the torsional wave elastography (TWE) technique. In order to validate its diagnostic capability of simulated pathological conditions, two different groups were studied, non-treated cornea samples (n=7), and ammonium hydroxide ($$NH_4OH$$

N

H
4

O
H

) treated samples (n=7). All the samples were measured in-plane by a torsional wave device by increasing IOP from 5 to 25 mmHg with 5 mmHg steps. The results show a nonlinear variation of the shear wave speed with the IOP, with higher values for higher IOPs. Moreover, the shear wave speed values of the control group were higher than those of the treated group. The study also revealed significant differences between the control and treated groups for the Lamé parameter $$\mu$$
μ
(25.9–6.52 kPa), third-order elastic constant A (215.09–44.85 kPa), and fourth-order elastic constant D (523.5–129.63 kPa), with p-values of 0.010, 0.024, and 0.032, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the proposed procedure can distinguish between healthy and damaged corneas, making it a promising technique for detecting diseases associated with IOP alteration, such as corneal burns, glaucoma, or ocular hypertension.
Increasing furfural production from xylose and directly obtaining it from corn residues using Preyssler heteropolyacid
Authors: Pardo Cuervo Oscar H. , Gonzalez Cristian F. , Rojas Hugo A. , Martínez José J. , Romanelli Gustavo P. , Peixoto Andreia F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLignocellulosic biomass is considered a sustainable source for the production of biofuels and platform molecules such as furfural (FAL). In this study, a series of solids with different acidity were tested for the production of FAL from xylose and corn residues. Functionalized Cloisite Na+ (CLOI-SO3H) and Preyssler heteropolyacid (HPA-Preyssler) showed the best catalytic performance in the production of FAL form xylose. Under optimal reaction conditions, the HPA-Preyssler catalyst achieved a maximum yield of 75% in just 15 min and maintained its activity for 5 consecutive reaction cycles, while the CLOI-SO3H catalyst obtained a 97% yield in 15 min, but its activity decreased considerably during reuse. Using techniques such as FTIR, SEM, EDS, and TGA, the possible causes of the decrease in the activity of the catalysts were established. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of different corn residues were determined to determine the most appropriate for the production of FAL. Using the HPA-Preyssler, the temperature and amount of catalyst selected for the dehydration of xylose to FAL, the appropriate time, amount of substrate, and type of solvent were established to obtain FAL directly from yellow corn stalks, reaching a maximum yield of 14% concerning hemicellulose content in 3 h at 180 °C in DMSO without performing any pretreatment to the corn residues, and the catalyst was recovered for subsequent reactions. Therefore, using the HPA-Preyssler catalyst is a new alternative for efficiently converting xylose or residual lignocellulosic biomass into FAL.
Physics analysis with Leibniz’s differential operators dn
Authors: Kim U.-Rae , Cho Sungwoong , Lee Jungil 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe introduce a systematic approach to represent Leibniz’s nth-order differential operator $$d^n$$

d
n

as the ratio of an infinite product of infinitesimal difference operators to an infinitesimal parameter. Because every difference operator can be expressed as a difference of two shift operators that translate the argument of a function by finite amounts, Leibniz’s differential operator $$d^n$$

d
n

is eventually expressed as the infinite product of infinitesimal binomial operators consisting of the shift operators. We apply this strategy to demonstrate the derivation of the translation or time-evolution operators in quantum mechanics. This fills the logical gap in most textbooks on quantum mechanics that usually omit explicit derivations. Our approach could be employed in general physics or classical mechanics classes with which one can solve the equation of motion without prior knowledge of differential equations.
On the first integrals of the Painlevé classes of equations
Authors: Ahmed Mogahid M. A. , Alqurashi Bader , Kara Abdul Hamid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe role of symmetries and first integrals are well known mechanisms for the reduction of ordinary differential equations (odes) and, used in conjunction, lead to double reductions of the odes. In this article, we attempt to construct the first integrals of a large class of the well known second-order Painlevé equations. In some cases, variational and/or gauge symmetries have additional applications following a known Lagrangian in which case the first integral is obtained by Noether’s theorem. Sometimes, it is more convenient to adopt the ‘multiplier’ approach to find the first integrals. In a number of cases, we can conclude that the class is linearizable.
Optimising Anxiety Treatment for Autistic Children: a Narrative Review
Authors: Pearce Rachel T. , Kelly Adrian B. , Campbell Marilyn A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnxiety disorders occurs at a high rate amongst autistic children. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a reasonably well-established multi-component intervention used to reduce anxiety in this population. Whilst there are known effective intervention components in CBT for treating anxiety among autistic children, there are few guidelines for how to weight these intervention components to maximise positive outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether CBT is an effective intervention for autistic children, and if so, what the key components of effective CBT programs are for autistic children. A review of studies using manualised group-based CBT programs with family involvement was completed. The key finding was that the exposure-focused CBT (EF-CBT) studies reviewed showed a greater improvement in anxiety symptoms compared with CBT studies with fewer or no exposure-focused sessions. Compared to CBT without an exposure focus, EF-CBT may better fit the profiles of autistic children, potentially resulting in greater client and family engagement, and possibly greater intervention efficacy.
Volkshochschulen zwischen Auftrag, Inszenierung und Routinen. Eine Studie zu Volkshochschulen in Sachsen-Anhalt während der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Dörner Olaf , Rundel Stefan 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungIm folgenden Artikel gehen wir auf die disparate Situation von Volkshochschulen und den Diskurs um Volkshochschule und Corona-Pandemie ein. Anhand empirischer Befunde veranschaulichen wir, welche Themen im Umgang mit der Corona-Pandemie für Volkshochschulen relevant sind und stellen zwei organisationale Handlungstypen vor, denen primär eine handlungsleitende Verwaltungslogik inhärent ist. Im Rahmen dieser Logik wird die Verhandlung des Selbstbildes von Volkshochschulen zum relevanten und gleichsam prekären Handlungshorizont. Dies nehmen wir zum Anlass, den Umgang mit der Diskrepanz zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit als eine Praxis zu interpretieren, die sich im Spannungsfeld von Auftrag, Inszenierung und organisationalen Routinen entfaltet und konturiert. Volkshochschulen reagieren weniger mithilfe von Bildungsangeboten auf die Krise, wie Auftrag und Inszenierung vermuten ließen, sondern bewältigen vielmehr die Krise innerhalb der organisationalen Routinen.
Aktive Lernzeit beim geführten versus selbstorganisierten Mathematiklernen – Mikroanalytische Fallstudie mit Sekundarschüler*innen aus dem unteren Leistungsniveau
Authors: Stebler Rita , Gmür-Ackermann Patricia , Reusser Kurt , Pauli Christine 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungSelbstorganisiertes Lernen soll allen Schüler*innen in heterogenen Lerngruppen ein hohes Ausmaß aktiver Lernzeit und damit eine bessere Nutzung des Lernangebots ermöglichen. Fraglich ist, ob auch Jugendliche mit ungünstigen Lernausgangslagen in solchen Settings intensiv und zielgerichtet lernen. Im Beitrag wird mittels einer videogestützten Fallstudie in zwei Sekundarschulen untersucht, wie sechs Neuntklässler*innen mit niedrigen Mathematikleistungen die Unterrichtszeit beim geführten versus selbstorganisierten Lernen nutzen und wie sie im Lernprozess individuell unterstützt werden. Die Ergebnisse der Videoanalyse, bei der unterschiedliche Kameraperspektiven synchronisiert und eine hochauflösende Codierung des Lern- und Unterstützungsverhaltens durchgeführt wurde, zeigen, dass die untersuchten Neuntklässler*innen die Unterrichtszeit nicht nur beim geführten, sondern auch beim selbstorganisierten Lernen größtenteils für die intendierten mathematischen Lernaktivitäten nutzen. Bei zwei Schüler*innen ist die aktive Lernzeit beim selbstorganisierten Lernen höher und bei vier tiefer als beim geführten Lernen. Die Profile der Lernzeitnutzung, in denen längere Phasen fachbezogener mit kurzen Phasen vorbereitender und sachfremder Tätigkeiten abwechseln, spiegeln die schulspezifische Lehr-Lern- und Unterstützungskultur. Die Interaktionen zwischen Lehrperson und Schüler*innen dienen sowohl beim geführten als auch beim selbstorganisierten Lernen mehrheitlich der individuellen Lernunterstützung. Inhaltlich bezieht sich die Lernunterstützung primär auf die Mathematik. Die kritische Diskussion der Ergebnisse mündet in Vorschläge für weiterführende Fallstudien zur differenziellen Nutzung des unterrichtlichen Lernangebots durch Schüler*innen in heterogenen Lerngruppen.
Assessment of Drag Prediction Techniques for a Flying Vehicle Based on Radar-Tracked Data
Authors: Doso M. , Zakaria M. Y. , Ahmed Mahmoud Y. M. , Khalil Mostafa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs far as the aerodynamic characterization of a flying vehicle is concerned, flight testing is probably the most accurate approach as it perfectly resembles the real flight environment. Flight data are obtained by tracking the vehicle via radars if modifying the vehicle design is not recommended/attainable. In the open literature, different techniques are used to analyze radar data; the key issue is the computational demands of each technique and the quality of the resulting aerodynamic characteristics. In this paper, three techniques are considered namely, Least-Square (LS), Maximum-Likelihood Estimation (MLE), and Stepwise Regression (SR), with focus on the prediction of the drag coefficient of a case study vehicle. Features for each technique are addressed based on brief previous published data. A new variant of the MLE method is proposed based on the physical segmentation of the available dataset. Predicted point-mass trajectories are compared with own comprehensive flight test to assess the techniques in concern. It is concluded that Stepwise-regression outperforms with a large dataset, while Maximum-Likelihood Estimation is more feasible considering the lack of data. The proposed variant of the MLE method yields more accurate drag prediction compared to the basic one.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on the Prediction of the Inauguration Development Direction of College Students’ Entrepreneurship Education Based on Educational Data Mining
Authors: Tan Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn many related studies, educational data mining technology has been proven to play an important role in predicting the development direction of entrepreneurship education for college students. To further improve the accuracy of the prediction, we chose the grey prediction model as the basic prediction model and automatically optimized the weighting method to improve the model. To solve the problem of predicting the development direction of students’ employment in the guidance of entrepreneurship and employment in colleges and universities, the study selects the grey prediction model as the basic prediction model and chooses the automatic optimization and weighting method to improve the model. Meanwhile, the study establishes a variable system containing six dimensions: academic achievement; physical and mental development; cultural, physical, and artistic quantified status; ideological and political quantified status; scientific and technological innovation quantified status; social work quantified status. The final study used the actual prediction test to analyze the prediction effect. We have selected a variable system consisting of six dimensions, which are the results of extensive research. These dimensions include academic achievement, physical and mental development, cultural/sports/art quantitative status, ideological and political quantitative status, technological innovation quantitative status, and social work quantitative status. Each dimension provides us with important predictions about student entrepreneurship and employment. The results show that the model designed by the survey has only two cases of error in the prediction of 20 actual samples. At the same time, there is no prediction error in the two prediction directions of entrepreneurship and social employment. This shows that the model designed by the study is stable and accurate, and the prediction results are more reliable in the prediction directions of entrepreneurship and social employment. Compared with other relevant research results, our model performs well in predicting accuracy, especially in predicting entrepreneurial and social employment directions, without any prediction errors, indicating that our model has superior performance in predicting stability and accuracy compared to other studies.
Comparison of Seven Healthy Lifestyle Scores Cardiometabolic Health: Age, Sex, and Lifestyle Interactions in the NutrIMDEA Web-Based Study
Authors: Ribot-Rodríguez R. , Higuera-Gómez A. , San-Cristobal R. , Micó V. , Martínez J. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Global health status concerns both the assessment of wellbeing as well as the associated individualized determinants including quality of life and lifestyle factors. This study aimed to evaluate seven cardiometabolic health related scores and the influence, as well as interactions of lifestyle, heart-related and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) factors in order to inform the future implementation of precision public health (PPH).

Methods
Data collected from 17,333 participants who were enrolled of the NutrIMDEA study. The data collection period was between May 2020 and November 2020 through an online survey. The baseline questionnaire collected information on socio-demographic data, cardiometabolic history, anthropometric variables and lifestyle aspects. Also, physical and mental component scores of SF12 Health Survey (PCS12/MCS12) were assessed as HRQoL features, which were applied to estimated seven scores (LS7, HLS, 20-years DRS %, FBS, CLI, WAI derived, LWB-I).

Results
Most indices (except FBS, CLI, 20-years DRS % and WAI derived) showed that cardiometabolic outcomes and HRQoL measures were dependent on interactions by age and sex. The largest ponderal effect was found in PA total and Mediterranean Diet Score (MEDAS-14) interaction using LS7 as reference. However, using LWB-I as standard, the greatest effect was found in the quality-of-life feature MCS12. Noteworthy, LS7 showed good discrimination against PCS12, while LWB-I demonstrated excellent discrimination to MCS12.

Conclusions
A major finding was the interplay between MEDAS-14 and PA on the LS7 scale as well as major effects of lifestyle factors and MCS12/PCS12 among scores, which need to be accounted with precision when implementing cardiometabolic screenings with PPH purposes.
Adapting to changes in the COVID-19 pandemic: research and recommendations on spatial layout and resident experience in MURBs
Authors: Bao Xin , Zhang Tao , Zeng Qian , Dewancker Bart Julien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 epidemic is changing people's lives, so it is necessary to continuously update the design of the residence to adapt to the changing life. This study aims to investigate the impact of unit space layout factors in MURBs on residents' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also discusses the corresponding need for residential space renovations. Furthermore, this paper presents design adjustment recommendations for residents living in these constrained buildings and provides suggestions for future housing design to better meet the residents' housing needs. On the one hand, the layout of residential space should fully consider the use efficiency of space, with multi-functional and variable characteristics, so as to be suitable for different life cycles of the family. On the other hand, the spatial distance inside the house and the comfort of the environment should also be considered to help intergenerational communication, restore and improve the mental state of the residents, and promote the improvement of the quality of life of the residents.
Use of bi-caval cannulae for veno-venous ECMO in neonates and children
Authors: Awad John , Numa Andrew , Ravindranathan Hari , Grant Peter , Lahanas Andrew , Singh Puneet , Swil Kevin , Ward Victoria , Williams Gary 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Veno-arterial ECMO remains the most common mode of extracorporeal support in infants and children, and despite increases in overall ECMO numbers the utilisation of veno-venous ECMO in neonates appears to be decreasing. We report here outcomes of neonatal and paediatric patients managed with veno-venous ECMO via bi-caval cannulae over a 10-year period in a tertiary referral ICU.

Methods
Retrospective single-centre case series of veno-venous ECMO cases using dual lumen cannulae over a 10-year period at a tertiary referral paediatric hospital with a low volume ECMO program.

Results
In the 10-year period 2013–2022, 33 patients required ECMO with 23 receiving veno-arterial ECMO and 10 managed with veno-venous cannulation - 8 with bi-caval cannulae and 2 with multi-site cannulation. Overall survival was 23/33 (69.6%) and in the veno-venous group survival was 7/10 (70%). Median oxygenation index prior to veno-venous cannulation in the 8 patients undergoing bi-caval cannulation was 48 (range 34–54) and median PaO2 was 42 mmHg (range 34–59 mmHg). Duration of ECMO ranged from 7 to 14 days (median 9 days). Complications included migration of the cannula into the hepatic vein, minor and major bleeding, and compromised blood flow secondary to pneumomediastinum.

Conclusions
Veno-venous ECMO can be reliably established via a single bi-caval cannula in the majority of patients. Outcomes in this small series from a low volume centre are broadly comparable to those reported from the ELSO database.
A stacked generalisation methodology for estimating the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks
Authors: Asare Edmund Nana , Affam Michael , Ziggah Yao Yevenyo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUniaxial compressive strength (UCS) has become a highly essential strength parameter in the mining, civil and geomechanical industries. Estimating the exact value of the strength of rock has become a matter of great concern in real life. Despite this, there have been many works to indirectly/directly estimate the UCS of rocks. This study introduces a novel stacked generalisation methodology for estimating the UCS of rocks in geomechanics. In this study, generalised regression neural network (GRNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and random forest regression (RF) were used as the base learners and the multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) functioned as the meta-learner for the proposed stacking method. The proposed 3-Base learner stack model exhibited dominance over single applied AI methods of GRNN, RBFNN, and RF when confirmed with similar datasets by employing performance metrics like the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency Index (NSEI), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Performance Index (PI), Scatter Index (SI) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The proposed 3-Base learner stack model scored the least RMSE, PI, and SI scores of 1.02775, 0.50691, and 0.00788 respectively for the testing datasets. In addition, it also produced the utmost NSEI value of 0.99969 and the least BIC value of 16.456 as likened to other competing models (GRNN, RBFNN and RF), reaffirming its power in forecasting the UCS of rocks in geomechanical engineering.
Children’s Diet and Nutrition in the Aftermath of the Torrential Rain Disaster in Western Japan: An Evaluation of Support Activities by Dietitians to Alleviate Mothers’ Anxieties
Authors: Ito Yukako , Tsuboyama-Kasaoka Nobuyo , Nakatani Hisae 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the support activities of dietitians during disasters were able to address the problems faced by mothers about their children’s diet and nutrition.

Methods:
Dietitians (7 in total) and mothers (8) were selected by the snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to conduct focus group interviews about children’s diet and nutrition. Verbatim data were generated, and an inductively qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted.

Results:
Six categories were generated for each group. Dietitians responded to problems that mothers had regarding their children’s diet and nutrition via 2 activities: [dealing with allergy food shortages] and [school lunch support].

Conclusion:
It is important for dietitians to recommend stockpiling allergy-friendly foods to accommodate children with allergies and achieve early resumption of school lunches to meet children’s nutritional needs.
All-optical nonlinear chiral ultrafast magnetization dynamics driven by circularly polarized magnetic fields
Authors: Sánchez-Tejerina Luis , Martín-Hernández Rodrigo , Yanes Rocío , Plaja Luis , López-Díaz Luis , Hernández-García Carlos 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ultrafast laser pulses provide unique tools to manipulate magnetization dynamics at femtosecond timescales, where the interaction of the electric field usually dominates over the magnetic field. Recent proposals using structured laser beams have demonstrated the possibility to produce regions where intense oscillating magnetic fields are isolated from the electric field. In these conditions, we show that technologically feasible tesla-scale circularly polarized high-frequency magnetic fields induce purely precessional nonlinear magnetization dynamics. This fundamental result not only opens an avenue in the study of laser-induced ultrafast magnetization dynamics, but also sustains technological implications as a route to promote all-optical non-thermal magnetization dynamics both at shorter timescales – towards the sub-femtosecond regime – and at THz frequencies.