bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible beneficial interactions of ciliated protozoans with coral health and resilience
Authors: Ravindran Chinnarajan , Irudayarajan Lawrance , Raveendran Haritha P. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Microbial interactions contribute significantly to coral health in the marine environment. Most beneficial associations have been described with their bacterial communities, but knowledge of beneficial associations between protozoan ciliates and corals is still lacking. Ciliates are important bacterial predators and provide nutrition to higher trophic-level organisms. The mucus secreted by corals and the microenvironment of the coral surface layer attract ciliates based on their food preferences. The mixotrophic and heterotrophic ciliates play a major role in nutrient cycling by increasing nitrogen, phosphorus, and extractable sulfur, which can enhance the proliferation of coral beneficial microbe. Besides, bacterial predator ciliates reduce the pathogenic bacterial population that infects the coral and also act as bioindicators for assessing the toxicity of the reef ecosystem. Thus, these ciliates can be used as a beneficial partner in influencing coral health and resilience under various stress conditions. Herein, we explore the urgent need to understand the complex beneficial interactions of ciliates that may occur in the coral reef ecosystem.
Jingmen tick virus: an emerging arbovirus with a global threat
Authors: Wu Zhen , Zhang Ming , Zhang Yuli , Lu Ke , Zhu Wenbing , Feng Shuo , Qi Jun , Niu Guoyu 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), belonging to the
Flaviviridae
family, is a novel segmented RNA virus identified in 2014 in the Jingmen region of Hubei Province, China. Up to now, JMTV has been detected in a variety of countries or regions in Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas, involving a wide range of arthropods and mammals, and even humans. The JMTV genome is composed of four linear RNA segments, two of which are derived from flaviviruses, while the other two segments are unique to JMTV and has no matching virus. Currently, JMTV has been shown to have a pathogenic effect on humans. Humans who had been infected would develop viremia and variable degrees of clinical symptoms. However, the pathogenic mechanism of JMTV has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen the epidemiological surveillance and laboratory studies of JMTV.
AMPK protects endothelial cells against HSV-1 replication via inhibition of mTORC1 and ACC1
Authors: Doshi Heena , Spengler Katrin , Godbole Amod , Gee Yi Sing , Baell Jonathan , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Henke Andreas , Heller Regine 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a widespread contagious pathogen, mostly causing mild symptoms on the mucosal entry side. However, systemic distribution, in particular upon reactivation of the virus in immunocompromised patients, may trigger an innate immune response and induce damage of organs. In these conditions, HSV-1 may infect vascular endothelial cells, but little is known about the regulation of HSV-1 replication and possible defense mechanisms in these cells. The current study addresses the question of whether the host cell protein AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important metabolic sensor, can control HSV-1 replication in endothelial cells. We show that downregulation of the catalytic subunits AMPKα1 and/or AMPKα2 increased HSV-1 replication as monitored by TCID
50
titrations, while a potent AMPK agonist, MK-8722, strongly inhibited it. MK-8722 induced a persistent phosphorylation of the AMPK downstream targets acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and the rapamycin-sensitive adaptor protein of mTOR (Raptor) and, related to this, impairment of ACC1-mediated lipid synthesis and the mechanistic target of the rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) pathway. Since blockade of mTOR by Torin-2 as well as downregulation of ACC1 by siRNA also decreased HSV-1 replication, MK-8722 is likely to exert its anti-viral effect via mTORC1 and ACC1 inhibition. Importantly, MK-8722 was able to reduce virus replication even when added after HSV-1. Together, our data highlight the importance of endothelial cells as host cells for HSV-1 replication upon systemic infection and identify AMPK, a metabolic host cell protein, as a potential target for antiviral strategies against HSV-1 infection and its severe consequences.

IMPORTANCE
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common pathogen that causes blisters or cold sores in humans. It remains latent in infected individuals and can be reactivated multiple times. In adverse conditions, for instance, in immunocompromised patients, HSV-1 can lead to serious complications such as encephalitis, meningitis, or blindness. In these situations, infection of endothelial cells lining the surface of blood vessels may contribute to the manifestation of disease. Here, we describe the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a potent regulator of cellular energy metabolism, in HSV-1 replication in endothelial cells. While downregulation of AMPK potentiates HSV-1 replication, pharmacological AMPK activation inhibits it by limiting the availability of required host cell macromolecules such as proteins or fatty acids. These data highlight the role of metabolic host cell proteins as antiviral targets and reveal activation of endothelial AMPK as a potential strategy to protect from severe consequences of HSV-1 infection.
Asymmetry and evolution of craton-influenced rifted margins
Authors: Raghuram G. , Pérez-Gussinyé M. , Andrés-Martínez M. , García-Pintado J. , Araujo M. Neto , Morgan J.P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Rifting can result in asymmetric conjugate margins. In numerical models with laterally homogeneous lithosphere, the polarity of the asymmetry is random and results from spontaneous strain localization on a dominant fault/shear zone. However, along the central South Atlantic, margin width is well correlated to the proximity of the rift to a craton during rifting. To understand the evolution of rifting close to a craton, we used numerical experiments that included a thick craton lithosphere adjacent to a thinner, mobile-belt lithosphere. When rifting starts close to the craton, i.e., ≤ 100 km, deformation focuses along a fault/shear zone dipping toward the craton, leading to cratonward asymmetric asthenospheric uplift and rift migration. This results in a narrow margin on the craton side and a wide margin on the mobile-belt side. Craton-related asymmetry results in the wide margin subsiding more than the narrow one, inducing the formation of large synrift sag basins in the wide conjugate, as in the South Atlantic. This differential subsidence is preserved for ~100 m.y. after breakup and may partly explain the present-day higher dynamic topography close to cratons in the central South Atlantic. Mantle flow during asymmetric rifting leads to weakening of the craton lithosphere, partial intermixing, and recycling into the convective mantle, as interpreted for this sector of the South Atlantic ridge. Thus, rifting adjacent to a craton may have wide-ranging tectonic, stratigraphic, and compositional consequences that affect not only margin architecture, but also the development of subsequent dynamic topography and the spreading system.
Implementation of BSG/ACPGBI/PHE polypectomy surveillance guidelines safely reduces the burden of surveillance in a screening cohort: a virtual model study
Authors: Stack Roisin , Doherty Jayne , O'Moráin Neil , Nolan Blathnaid , Sheridan Juliette , Cullen Garret , Mulcahy Hugh , Buckley Maire , Horgan Gareth , Hamed Mohamed , McDermott Edel , Doherty Glen 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of British Society of Gastroenterology/Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland/Public Health England (BSG/ACPGBI/PHE) 2019 polypectomy surveillance guidelines within a national faecal immunochemical test-based bowel cancer screening (BS) cohort on surveillance activity and detection of pathology by retrospective virtual application.DesignA retrospective review of BS colonoscopies performed in 2015–2016 with 5 years prospective follow-up in single institution. Index colonoscopies were selected. Incomplete colonoscopies were excluded. Histology of all resected polyps was reviewed. Surveillance intervals were calculated according to BSG/ACPGBI/PHE 2019 guidelines and compared with pre-existing ‘European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Diagnosis’ (EUQA 2013). Total number of colonoscopies deferred by virtual implementation of BSG/ACPGBI/PHE 2019 guidelines were calculated. Pathology identified on procedures that would have been deferred was reviewed.ResultsTotal number of index BS colonoscopies performed in 2015–2016 inclusive was 890. 115 were excluded (22 no caecal intubation, 51 inadequate bowel preparation, 56 incomplete polyp clearance). N=509 colonoscopies were scheduled within a 5-year interval following index colonoscopy surveillance rounds based on EUQA guidelines. Overall, volume of surveillance was significantly reduced with retrospective application of BSG/ACPGBI/PHE 2019 guidelines (n=221, p<0.0001). No cancers were detected within the ‘potentially deferred’ procedures who attended for follow-up (n=330) with high-risk findings found in<10% (n=30) of colonoscopies within the BSG/ACPGBI/PHE cohort.ConclusionBSG/ACPGBI/PHE 2019 guidelines safely reduce the burden of colonoscopy demand with acceptable pathology findings on deferred colonoscopies.
Understanding pre-hospital blood transfusion decision-making for injured patients: an interview study
Authors: Marsden Max E R , Kellett Suzie , Bagga Rahul , Wohlgemut Jared M , Lyon Richard L , Perkins Zane B , Gillies Katie , Tai Nigel RM 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundBlood transfusion for bleeding trauma patients is a promising pre-hospital intervention with potential to improve outcomes. However, it is not yet clear which patients may benefit from pre-hospital transfusions. The aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of how experienced pre-hospital clinicians make decisions regarding patient blood loss and the need for transfusion, and explore the factors that influence clinical decision-making.MethodsPre-hospital physicians, from two air ambulance sites in the south of England, were interviewed between December 2018 and January 2019. Participants were involved in teaching or publishing on the management of bleeding trauma patients and had at least 5 years of continuous and contemporary practice at consultant level. Interviews were semi-structured and explored how decisions were made and what made decisions difficult. A qualitative description approach was used with inductive thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes related to blood transfusion decision-making in trauma.ResultsTen pre-hospital physicians were interviewed and three themes were identified:recognition-primed analysis,uncertaintyandimperfect decision analysis. The first theme describes how participants make decisions using selected cues, incorporating their experience and are influenced by external rules and group expectations. What made decisions difficult for the participants was encapsulated in the uncertainty theme. Uncertainty emerged regarding the patient’s true underlying physiological state and the treatment effect of blood transfusion. The last theme focuses on the issues with decision-making itself. Participants demonstrated lapses in decision awareness, often incomplete decision evaluation and described challenges to effective learning due to incomplete patient outcome information.ConclusionPre-hospital clinicians make decisions about bleeding and transfusion which are recognition-primed and incorporate significant uncertainty. Decisions are influenced by experience and are subject to bias. Improved understanding of the decision-making processes provides a theoretical perspective of how decisions might be supported in the future.
Hospital-administered ECPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational cohort study
Authors: Puolakka Tuukka , Salo Ari , Varpula Marjut , Nurmi Jouni , Skrifvars Markus B , Wilkman Erika , Lemström Karl , Kuisma Markku 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a treatment method for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) requiring a complex chain of care.MethodsAll cases of OHCA between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2021 in the Helsinki University Hospital catchment area in which the ECPR protocol was activated were included in the study. The protocol involved patient transport from the emergency site with ongoing mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) directly to the cardiac catheterisation laboratory where the implementation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was considered. Cases of hypothermic cardiac arrest were excluded. The main outcomes were the number of ECPR protocol activations, duration of prehospital and in-hospital time intervals, and whether the ECPR candidates were treated using ECMO or not.ResultsThe prehospital ECPR protocol was activated in 73 cases of normothermic OHCA. The mean patient age (SD) was 54 (±11) years and 67 (91.8%) of them were male. The arrest was witnessed in 67 (91.8%) and initial rhythm was shockable in 61 (83.6%) cases. The median ambulance response time (IQR) was 9 (7–11) min. All patients received mechanical CPR, epinephrine and/or amiodarone. Seventy (95.9%) patients were endotracheally intubated. The median (IQR) highest prehospital end-tidal CO2was 5.5 (4.0–6.9) kPa.A total of 37 (50.7%) patients were treated with venoarterial ECMO within a median (IQR) of 84 (71–105) min after the arrest. Thirteen (35.1%) of them survived to discharge and 11 (29.7%) with a cerebral performance category (CPC) 1–2. In those ECPR candidates who did not receive ECMO, 8 (22.2%) received permanent return of spontaneuous circulation during transport or immediately after hospital arrival and 6 (16.7%) survived to discharge with a CPC 1–2.ConclusionsHalf of the ECPR protocol activations did not lead to ECMO treatment. However, every fourth ECPR candidate and every third patient who received ECMO-facilitated resuscitation at the hospital survived with a good neurological outcome.
Epidemiology of traumatically injured Yemeni civilians treated at the Omani National Trauma Centre over a 2-year period: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ramaraj Prashanth , Al-Buluchi T , Al-Shaqsi S , Al-Kashmiri A , Perkins Z B , De'Ath H D 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionArmed conflict is a growing global cause of death, posing a significant threat to the resilience of global health systems. However, the burden of disease resulting from the Yemeni Civil War remains poorly understood. Approximately half of healthcare facilities in Yemen are non-operational, and around 15% of the population has been displaced. Consequently, neighbouring countries’ trauma systems have been providing care to the injured. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and management of Yemeni civilian victims injured during the war who were subsequently extracted and treated at the study centre in Oman.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study, including all Yemeni civilians treated for traumatic injuries at the study centre from January 2015 to June 2017. We extracted data on age, sex, date of attendance, mechanism of injury, injuries sustained and treatment.ResultsA total of 254 injured patients were identified. Their median age was 25 (range 3–65) years and 244 (96.1%) were male. Explosions (160 patients, 63.0%) were the most common mechanism of injury, and fractures (n=232 fractures, 42.3% of all injuries; in 149 patients, 58.7% of all patients) the most common injury. Eighty-four of the 150 patients (56%) who received operative management at the study centre were receiving a second procedure after an index procedure outside of Oman.One hundred and twenty-eight (50.4%) patients experienced permanent loss of function in at least one body part and/or limb loss.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the downstream needs of Yemeni civilians who were evacuated to the study centre, revealing a considerable burden of morbidity associated with this population. The findings emphasise key areas that receiving hospitals should prioritise in resource allocation when managing conflict-wounded evacuees. Additionally, the study underscores the need for holistic rehabilitation for civilian casualties displaced by conflict.
Egocentric sexual network analysis among gay and bisexual men who have sex with men with and without mpox infection
Authors: Sönmez İbrahim , Martínez Riveros Héctor , Folch Cinta , Suñer Clara , Díaz Yesika , Alonso Lucía , Agusti Cristina , Mendoza Adrià , Tarín-Vicente Eloy José , Oller Xènia , Alemany Andrea , Rivero Àngel , Orviz Eva , Silva-Klug Ana , Mitjà Oriol , Casabona Jordi 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesRecent outbreaks of the mpox (monkeypox) virus have been detected in dense sexual networks of gay and bisexual men who have sex with men (GBMSM). The objective of this study is to describe and compare the epidemiological and behavioural characteristics, as well as the sexual networks, of GBMSM diagnosed with mild mpox in Spain.MethodsA prospective case–control study was conducted in Spain from July 2022 to February 2023. The study targeted a key population of GBMSM aged 18 years or older. Study participants were categorised into cases, those who were diagnosed with mpox virus infection; and controls, those who were not diagnosed. We examined and compared the sexual network characteristics of the two groups—mpox-positive (mpox-P) and mpox-negative (mpox-N) egos—using χ2, t-test and Wilcoxon test to examine the differences between the two groups in each section. Finally, we conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regressions to determine the factors associated with mpox infection.ResultsAmong the 105 participants, 35 (33.3%) were mpox-P. Compared with mpox-N, mpox-P respondents more frequently reported syphilis (mpox-P: 31.4%; mpox-N: 12.9%) and HIV (mpox-P: 45.7%; mpox-N: 18.6%), and mpox-P individuals to have had at least one sexual contact with a confirmed mpox case (mpox-P: 62.5%; mpox-N: 8.3%). In the egocentric network analysis, mpox-P respondents had a higher prevalence of group sex with alters (mpox-P: 18.5%; mpox-N: 8.9%) and one-time sexual partners (mpox-P: 46.1%; mpox-N: 31.7%). Multivariable logistic regressions showed that reporting stranger/client ties (adjusted OR (aOR)=10.3, 95% CI 1.39 to 76.6) with alters, being vaccinated for mpox (aOR=0.07, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.24) and tie strength heterogeneity (aOR=0.01, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.42) were associated with mpox infection.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the role of demographic, epidemiological and sexual network characteristics in the transmission of mpox virus during the outbreak in Spain. These findings have important implications for future prevention efforts.
Optimising the quantum/classical interface for efficiency and portability with a multi-level hardware abstraction layer for quantum computers
Authors: Barnes Kenton M. , Buyskikh Anton , Chen Nicholas Y. , Gallardo Gabriel , Ghibaudi Marco , Ruszala Matthew J. A. , Underwood Daniel S. , Agarwal Abhishek , Lall Deep , Rungger Ivan , Schoinas Nikolaos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSteady progress is being made in the development of quantum computing platforms based on different types of qubit technologies. Each platform requires bespoke strategies to maximise the efficiency of the quantum/classical interface when operating close to the qubits. At a higher level, however, a shared interface allowing portability of quantum algorithms across all the available quantum platforms is preferred. Striking the right balance between portability and performance of the algorithm as implemented on quantum hardware remains a major challenge for this field. Here, we propose a quantum hardware abstraction layer (QHAL) providing a multi-level intermediate representation of the quantum stack. A collaborative effort between software specialists and quantum hardware developers operating on four major qubit technologies (photonics, silicon, superconducting and trapped ions) led to the identification of a minimum common set of instructions and metadata allowing the QHAL to interact efficiently with multiple platforms. Access to the stack from the higher levels increases latency yet minimises the amount of hardware architecture parameters to be handled by the algorithm developer, thus simplifying code development and reducing security threats from misuse or malicious access for hardware developers. Access to the stack from the lowest—closest to the qubits—level provides the highest hardware responsiveness, suitable for algorithms requiring minimum latency for data and instruction transfer. With respect to existing quantum assembly languages, the QHAL extends further down in the stack by defining an application-binary interface to interact with the quantum hardware. By defining a standard representation of the quantum stack, a common reference framework is provided to both software and hardware developers which would ensure future integration of their R&D efforts.
Holographic description of the dissipative unified dark fluid model with axion field
Authors: Brevik I. , Timoshkin A. V. 
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we extend an axion [Formula: see text] gravity model, and apply the holographic principle to describe in a unifying manner the early and the late-time universe when the general equation-of-state (EoS) contains a bulk viscosity. We assume a spatially flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe model. We use a description based on the generalized infrared-cutoff holographic dark energy proposed by Nojiri and Odintsov [Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 528; Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 38 (2006) 1285], and explore the evolution of the universe when the EoS describes the asymptotic behavior between the dust in the early universe and the late universe. We explore various forms of the bulk viscosity, and calculate analytical expressions for the infrared cutoffs in terms of the particle horizon. In this way, we obtain a unifying description of the early and the late-time universe in the presence of axion matter, via a viscous holographic fluid model.
The influence of synorogenic extension on the crustal architecture of North Gondwana during the assembly of Pangaea (Ossa–Morena Zone, SW Iberia)
Authors: Dias da Silva Ícaro , Pereira Manuel Francisco , Gama Cristina , Steel Hart Lourenço , Barrios Sánchez Santos , dos Santos Alves Kelvin , Gómez Barreiro Juan , Tassinari Colombo Celso Gaeta , Sato Kei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We present a new structural study of a D
2
–M
2
tectono-thermal structure in SW Iberia (Ponte de Sor–Seda gneiss dome) characterized by a spatial distribution of telescoping isograds providing a record of Buchan-type metamorphic conditions. The gneiss dome comprises an infrastructure made up of a lower gneiss unit (LGU) and an intermediate schist unit (ISU), separated by early D
2
ductile extensional shear zones. The LGU and the ISU are composed of Ediacaran–Cambrian rocks that experienced the highest-grade M
2
metamorphic conditions (amphibolite facies). Late Ediacaran–Early Terreneuvian and Late Miaolingian–Early Furongian protolith ages for LGU (496 ± 3 Ma) and ISU (539 ± 2 Ma) orthogneisses are reported. A superstructure made of Cambrian–Devonian rocks (Upper Slate Unit, USU) deformed under M
2
greenschist facies conditions, tectonically overlies the ISU across a D
2
extensional shear zone. Kinematic criteria associated with D
2
–M
2
fabrics indicate top-to-ESE–SE sense of shear. A late-D
2
brittle-ductile high-angle extensional shear zone (Seda shear zone) crosscuts the gneiss dome. D
3
upright folds, thrusts and transpressive shear zones caused the steepening of D
2
structures and the local crenulation of S
2
foliation. The Mississippian D
2
–M
2
event recorded in the Ossa–Morena Zone may be regarded as a regional-scale phenomenon that markedly influenced the crustal architecture of North Gondwana during the assembly of Pangaea.