bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity and ENT manifestations — a tertiary care centre study
Authors: Saraf Aditiya , Manhas Monica , Manhas Amit , Kalsotra Parmod 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The aim of our study was to assess whether there is role of obesity in ENT diseases like otitis media effusion, chronic otitis media, chronic rhinosinusitis, sudden sensorineural hearing loss and chronic tonsillitis, or not.

Methods
The present prospective study, after approval by institutional ethics committee, was conducted in the Department of ENT, SMGS Hospital, GMC Jammu from January 2021 to February 2022 on 590 patients, who were divided into 6 groups — group A — otitis media with effusion (n = 95 patients), group B — chronic otitis media (n = 171 patients), group C — sudden SNHL (n = 43 patients), group D — chronic rhinosinusitis (n = 102 patients), group E — chronic tonsillitis (n = 67 patients) and group F (control group) — patients (aged 11–50 years) coming to ENT OPD with other problems, except those problems mentioned in inclusion and exclusion criteria (n = 112 patients). Severity of disease was evaluated using Adelaide Disease Severity Score (CRS patients), otoscopy and pure tone audiometry (OME and COM), pure-tone audiometry (sudden SNHL) and Brodsky grading scale (chronic tonsillitis). Mean BMI and percentage of obese patients were calculated for each group.

Results
The mean age of presentation in our study was 40.66 ± 7.25 years. Male to female ratio was 1:1.6 in our study. The mean BMI in control group (group F) was 22.51 ± 3.01 kg/m2. The mean BMI was 25.41 ± 2.81 kg/m2 in group A, 25.33 ± 2.34 kg/m2 in group B, 25.12 ± 3.14 kg/m2 in group C, 25.78 ± 2.33 kg/m2 in group D and 25.03 ± 1.84 kg/m2 in group E, the difference between each of these groups and control group being statistically significant (p < 0.005). The percentage of obese patients in group F was 20.5% (23 patients). The percentage of obese patients was 53.6% (51 patients) in group A, 49.7% (85 patients) in group B, 39.5% (17 patients) in group C, 54.9% (56 patients) in group D and 31.3% (21 patients) in group E. Upon comparison with group F, the difference in percentage of obese patients was statistically significant in each group. Obese patients were more likely to have otitis media with effusion (OR 1.85, 95% CI 0.15 to 6.49), chronic otitis media (OR 1.80, 95% CI 0.15 to 6.33), sudden SNHL (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.21 to 6.40), chronic rhinosinusitis (OR 2.05, 95% CI 0.15 to 6.55) and chronic tonsillitis (OR 1.60, 95% CI 0.16–6.13), than the control group.

Conclusion
Obesity leads to various ENT problems by altering the immune system. In our study, mean BMI was significantly higher in patients with otitis media effusion, chronic otitis media, chronic rhinosinusitis, sudden sensorineural hearing loss and chronic tonsillitis and also, as the severity of disease increased with increase in severity of BMI, showing positive correlation for all study groups, thus establishing association of obesity and these common otorhinolaryngological conditions.
Management of post-COVID mucormycosis at a tertiary care center in Northern India
Authors: Pathak Lav , Tripathi Anchal , Nayyar Supreet Singh , Kurkure Rahul , Yadav Arun , Mishra Jyoti , Das Biswajit , Tiwari Shubankar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Our study aims to compile data on the clinical presentation, pathological and radiological findings in cases of post-COVID mucormycosis, and present the management strategy used in our center.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort observational study based at a tertiary healthcare institution in Northern India. All COVID-positive patients presenting with clinical features of mucormycosis were included in the study. They underwent complete otorhinolaryngeal, medical, and ophthalmological examination after thorough history taking. Biochemical tests, biopsy and imaging studies were done for all the patients. The treatment strategy included a multidisciplinary team approach, that is, intravenous antifungals as well as surgical debridement of necrotic tissue via Modified Denker’s approach or open maxillectomy, and orbital exenteration, if required. Patients were followed up for six months to look for recurrence.

Results
Twenty-three patients were studied, out of which 14 were males and 9 were females. Pathological findings of 13 out of 15 patients, who underwent surgical debridement revealed mucormycosis as a causative agent, received Amphotericin. Aspergillus was found in two cases which received Voriconazole. Eleven out of 20 patients who were treated in our hospital survived. Three patients were lost to follow up. The average hospital stay of discharged patients was 14 days.

Conclusion
Post-COVID mucormycosis was reported at an alarming rate after the second COVID wave in India especially after steroid therapies in diabetic patients. Thus a timely, aggressive, team approach using Modified Denkers or open maxillectomy along with proper intravenous antifungals is the key to survival in such patients.
3D finite-difference transient electromagnetic modeling with a whole-space initial field
Authors: Li Fei , Cheng Jiulong 
Published: January 2023

A 3D finite-difference time-domain transient electromagnetic forward-modeling method with a whole-space initial field is proposed to improve forward efficiency and flexibility. The open-source software WFTEM3D is developed based on this method with two language versions: a FORTRAN code and a MATLAB code. First, the scheme calculates the whole-space initial field excited by magnetic dipole sources at an initial time after the current is switched off. Then, the scheme steps Maxwell’s equations in time using a staggered grid and a modified DuFort-Frankel method. Multiple magnetic dipole sources are superimposed to achieve the modeling for large loop configurations. The air is included into the grids and the Dirichlet boundary condition is used on the outer boundaries. The forward-modeling method has three advantages. First, the method can be used to simulate the whole-space model and the half-space model. Second, big mesh growth factors of 1.5–3 are allowed, which significantly improves the computational efficiency and facilitates the simulation of the multiscale model. Third, the approximate initial field can be calculated using a conductivity independent of the model, which facilitates the simulation of the nonflat topography model. These advantages are tested by examples. The model of a conductive brick in a half-space and the model of a complex conductor at a vertical contact are simulated. The run times are 0.48 and 9.72 s, respectively, on an ordinary computer with an Intel Core i7-6700 CPU, and the solutions are consistent with that presented in the literature. Examples of a multiscale model with three conductive bricks, a valley model, and a hill model are simulated, which further verify these advantages.
Guideline for the Management of Fever and Neutropenia in Pediatric Patients With Cancer and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: 2023 Update
Authors: Lehrnbecher Thomas , Robinson Paula D. , Ammann Roland A. , Fisher Brian , Patel Priya , Phillips Robert , Beauchemin Melissa P. , Carlesse Fabianne , Castagnola Elio , Davis Bonnie L. , Elgarten Caitlin W. , Groll Andreas H. , Haeusler Gabrielle M. , Koenig Christa , Santolaya Maria E. , Tissing Wim J.E. , Wolf Joshua , Alexander Sarah , Hu Helen , Dupuis L. Lee , Sung Lillian 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE To update a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the empiric management of fever and neutropenia (FN) in pediatric patients with cancer and hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients. METHODS The International Pediatric Fever and Neutropenia Guideline Panel reconvened to conduct the second update of this CPG. We updated the previous systematic review to identify new randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating any strategy for the management of FN in pediatric patients. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework, evidence quality was classified as high, moderate, low, or very low. The panel updated recommendations related to initial management, ongoing management, and empiric antifungal therapy. Changes from the 2017 CPG were articulated, and good practice statements were considered. RESULTS We identified 10 new RCTs in addition to the 69 RCTs identified in previous FN CPGs to inform the 2023 FN CPG. Changes from the 2017 CPG included two conditional recommendations regarding (1) discontinuation of empiric antibacterial therapy in clinically well and afebrile patients with low-risk FN if blood cultures remain negative at 48 hours despite no evidence of marrow recovery and (2) pre-emptive antifungal therapy for invasive fungal disease in high-risk patients not receiving antimold prophylaxis. The panel created a good practice statement to initiate FN CPG-consistent empiric antibacterial therapy as soon as possible in clinically unstable febrile patients. CONCLUSION The updated FN CPG incorporates important modifications on the basis of recently published trials. Future work should focus on addressing knowledge gaps, improving CPG implementation, and measuring the impact of CPG-consistent care.
Tarlatamab, a First-in-Class DLL3-Targeted Bispecific T-Cell Engager, in Recurrent Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Open-Label, Phase I Study
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis , Champiat Stephane , Lai W. Victoria , Izumi Hiroki , Govindan Ramaswamy , Boyer Michael , Hummel Horst-Dieter , Borghaei Hossein , Johnson Melissa L. , Steeghs Neeltje , Blackhall Fiona , Dowlati Afshin , Reguart Noemi , Yoshida Tatsuya , He Kai , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Felip Enriqueta , Zhang Yiran , Pati Amrita , Minocha Mukul , Mukherjee Sujoy , Goldrick Amanda , Nagorsen Dirk , Hashemi Sadraei Nooshin , Owonikoko Taofeek K. 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatments. Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is aberrantly expressed in most SCLC. Tarlatamab (AMG 757), a bispecific T-cell engager molecule, binds both DLL3 and CD3 leading to T-cellb–mediated tumor lysis. Herein, we report phase I results of tarlatamab in patients with SCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study evaluated tarlatamab in patients with relapsed/refractory SCLC. The primary end point was safety. Secondary end points included antitumor activity by modified RECIST 1.1, overall survival, and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS By July 19, 2022, 107 patients received tarlatamab in dose exploration (0.003 to 100 mg; n = 73) and expansion (100 mg; n = 34) cohorts. Median prior lines of anticancer therapy were 2 (range, 1-6); 49.5% received antiprogrammed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 therapy. Any-grade treatment-related adverse events occurred in 97 patients (90.7%) and grade b % 3 in 33 patients (30.8%). One patient (1%) had grade 5 pneumonitis. Cytokine release syndrome was the most common treatment-related adverse event, occurring in 56 patients (52%) including grade 3 in one patient (1%). Maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Objective response rate was 23.4% (95% CI, 15.7 to 32.5) including two complete and 23 partial responses. The median duration of response was 12.3 months (95% CI, 6.6 to 14.9). The disease control rate was 51.4% (95% CI, 41.5 to 61.2). The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.7 months (95% CI, 2.1 to 5.4) and 13.2 months (95% CI, 10.5 to not reached), respectively. Exploratory analysis suggests that selecting for increased DLL3 expression can result in increased clinical benefit. CONCLUSION In patients with heavily pretreated SCLC, tarlatamab demonstrated manageable safety with encouraging response durability. Further evaluation of this promising molecule is ongoing. [Media: see text]
Teprotumumab for Treatment of Pretibial Myxedema
Authors: Reyes Michelangelo P , Cabrera John , Singh Jasvir , Turnbull Dennis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Pretibial myxedema (PTM), also called thyroid dermopathy, is a dreaded and potentially debilitating manifestation of thyroid disease, more commonly Graves' disease, which can occur at any time over the course of the disease. No substantial long-term therapies have been able to target the condition, and management has typically been supportive (eg, compression socks, weight loss), with courses of moderate-intensity steroids. Teprotumumab has been approved for the management of thyroid eye disease (TED), and it is believed that the 2 share a similar pathophysiology likely related to type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor, which may explain why some patients have also experienced improvement in PTM. Here we present a patient who received 8 doses of teprotumumab for TED who, over the course of management and into follow-up, experienced significant improvement in her pretibial myxedema. The patient noted considerable improvement in quality of life and ability to perform daily activities. We present this case to consider further investigation into the utilization of teprotumumab for thyroid disease–related PTM in patients with impaired quality of life.
Visceral Adipose Tissue is Negatively Associated With Bone Mineral Density in NHANES 2011-2018
Authors: Jain Rajesh K , Vokes Tamara 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Context
The relationship of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with bone mineral density (BMD) is not well established.

Objective
To examine the associations of VAT and SAT with total body BMD in a large, nationally representative population with a wide range of adiposity.

Methods
We analyzed 10 641 subjects aged 20 to 59 years in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018 who had undergone total body BMD and had VAT and SAT measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression models were fitted while controlling for age, sex, race or ethnicity, smoking status, height, and lean mass index.

Results
In a fully adjusted model, each higher quartile of VAT was associated with an average of 0.22 lower T-score (95% CI, −0.26 to −0.17, P &lt; 0.001), whereas SAT had a weak association with BMD but only in men (−0.10; 95% CI, −0.17 to −0.04, P = 0.002). However, the association of SAT to BMD in men was no longer significant after controlling for bioavailable sex hormones. In subgroup analysis, we also found differences in the relationship of VAT to BMD in Black and Asian subjects, but these differences were eliminated after accounting for racial and ethnic differences in VAT norms.

Conclusions
VAT has a negative association with BMD. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanism of action and, more generally, to develop strategies for optimizing bone health in obese subjects.
Cause-of-Death Diversity From a Multiple-Cause Perspective in the United States
Authors: Trias-Llimós Sergi , Permanyer Iñaki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cause-of-death diversity captures the variability of deaths across causes and is an important marker of heterogeneity in a population's health. We contribute to the debate of cause-of-death diversity dynamics by following a novel multiple causes of death (MCOD) approach and applying it to the U.S. context between 2003 and 2018 and across education groups. Results show that cause-of-death diversity increased over this period, especially up to 2012. These trends were mainly driven by increases in the groups aged 65 years or more. The inclusion of MCOD resulted in higher increases in cause-of-death diversity over time compared with merely using underlying causes of death, except for the 85 or more age group, where no difference was observed for males and a reverted gradient was observed for females. Results by educational attainment reveal lower diversity among the highest educated groups and widening differences across groups from around 2012 onward. The clear educational gradient observed at ages 30–64 diminished at older ages. The observed increases in cause-of-death diversity should be monitored to better understand mortality dynamics in aging populations. Our new MCOD diversity measures suggest that traditional approaches relying on single causes of death might be underestimating cause-of-death diversity dynamics, particularly for males.
Movement-synchronized cerebellum rhythm coordinates multi-joint movements in young and elderly adults
Authors: Hirata Keisuke , Hanawa Hiroki , Miyazawa Taku , Masugi Yohei 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTRhythmic limb multi-joint movement like locomotion is controlled by intralimb coordination. Intralimb coordination changes entail immediate alterations in movement patterns and be related with cerebellum function. Synchronized cerebellum activity has known to modulate the frequency of walking, but not known the effect of only intralimb coordination. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of synchronized and unsynchronized cerebellum activity on the coordination of multi-joint movements of the unilateral leg in young and elderly people. To achieve our purpose, we applied synchronized and unsynchronized cerebellum transcranial alternating current stimulation during cyclic unilateral multi-joint movement by visual tracking task. The results showed that the reduction in comprehensive synchrony between targets and movements through trials had no significant differences under all stimulus conditions in young and elderly people. However, the reduction in variation of synchronization through trials was significantly smaller under the synchronized transcranial alternating current stimulation condition in both young and elderly groups. Variation of synchronization was remarkably reduced under the synchronized transcranial alternating current stimulation condition for the elderly group. This study showed that movement-synchronized cerebellum activity contributes to reducing fluctuations in movement synchrony by coordinating unilateral multi-joint movements. Moreover, this reduction was remarkable in the elderly group.
Preparation and Mechanism Investigation of Walnut Shell-Based Hierarchical Porous Carbon for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Guoyan , Bai Qiuhong , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Cong , Uyama Hiroshi , Shen Yehua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The reasonable regulation of porous structure and crystallinity has been focused on supercapacitor development. Here, hierarchical porous carbons have been prepared by a hybrid of chemical activation and template methods using walnut shells as carbon source, and KMnO4 as activator and template agent. The activation mechanism of KMnO4 at different activation temperatures has been studied based on the XRD and TG analysis. Due to the synergy of rich oxygen-containing functional groups and hierarchical porous structure, the hierarchical porous carbon materials show a high capacitance of 380 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, good cycling stability with 93% capacitance retention even after 10000 continuous charge-discharge cycles at 5 A g−1. Additionally, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor has a high energy density of 8.95 Wh kg−1. This study shows that KMnO4 activation is a mild and highly efficient way to prepare high performance carbon electrode materials for supercapacitors.
The magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of radicular cysts and granulomas
Authors: Wamasing Natnicha , Yomtako Supasith , Watanabe Hiroshi , Sakamoto Junichiro , Kayamori Kou , Kurabayashi Tohru 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Limited studies have differentiated radicular cysts and granulomas with MRI. Therefore, we investigated the MRI characteristics of the two lesions and clarified features for distinguishing between them. Methods: We collected data of 27 radicular cysts and 9 granulomas definitively diagnosed by histopathology and reviewed the fat-saturated T2 weighted, T1 weighted, and contrast-enhanced fat-saturated T1 weighted images. We measured the maximum diameter and apparent diffusion coefficient values of the lesions. We employed Fisher’s exact test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and independent t-tests to compare the two lesions and created a decision tree for discriminating between them. Results: There were significant differences between radicular cysts and granulomas with respect to five imaging characteristics—signal intensity of the lesion centre on fat-saturated T2 weighted images; signal intensity, texture, and contrast enhancement of the lesion centre on contrast-enhanced fat-saturated T1 weighted images; and maximum diameter of the lesion. The cut-off diameter for radicular cysts was 15.9 mm. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.971, 85.2%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: From the decision tree analysis, maximum diameter, lesion centre contrast enhancement on contrast-enhanced fat-saturated T1 weighted images, and lesion centre signal intensity on fat-saturated T2 weighted images were important for discriminating between radicular cysts and granulomas.
A private letter of the VI A.D.
Authors: Litinas Nikos 
Published: January 2023

Είναι ένας πάπυρος, τμήμα μιας ιδιωτικής επιστολής (τώρα η παραπομπή είναι SB XXVI 16649). Δεν γνωρίζουμε πόσο από το δεξιό μέρος του παπύρου έχει χαθεί. Πρόκειται για μία επιστολή, που χρονολογείται στον 6ο αι. μ.Χ. εξαιτίας της γραφής. Το κείμενο μας παρέχει μία ακόμη μαρτυρία για τη λέξη μετριότης (βλ. στ. 2 σημ.) και για τις formulae valetudinis τον 6ο αι. μ.Χ. (βλ. στ. 2 σημ.). Επίσης η λέξη στιχαροκαρακ[άλλιον στον στ. 5 μαρτυρείται για δεύτερη φορά έως σήμερα στους ελληνικούς παπύρους. Η έκδοση του παπύρου συνοδεύεται από έναν appendix με θέμα τους τρόπους αναφοράς ενός αποστολέα στην προσωπική του υγεία στις ιδιωτικές επιστολές.
Tradições Discursivas e os assentos de casamentos do sertão do São Francisco dos setecentos e oitocentos
Authors: Assis Lécio Barbosa de , Silva Jorge Augusto Alves da , Pacheco Vera 
Published: January 2023

O propósito deste trabalho consiste em examinar assentos de casamentos escritos em língua portuguesa de duas freguesias do Sertão do Rio São Francisco dos séculos XVIII e XIX, para investigar o percurso sócio-histórico desse gênero como prática discursiva, levando em conta a tradicionalidade tipológica e a tradicionalidade discursiva transportadas ao longo do tempo. Ao adotar a base teórico-metodológica dos parâmetros das Tradições Discursivas (KOCH, 1997; KOCH; OESTERREICHER, 2013; KABATEK, 2006; 2008; 2018; SIMÕES; COSTA, 2009; SIMÕES, 2017; LONGHIN, 2014; ANDRADE; GOMES, 2018) e a interface necessária entre a Filologia/Crítica Textual (SPINA, 1977; CAMBRAIA, 2005) e a Diplomática (BELLOTTO, 2002), vislumbrou-se a partir da reflexão sobre determinadas regularidades que remetem a formas textuais das Ordenações do Sagrado Concílio Tridentino (1545-1563), do Rituale Romanum (1614) e das Constituições Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia (1719), atestar a hipótese de que a identificação de uma tradição discursiva é uma particular combinação de elementos em um texto (BIBER, 1988).
The Public Problem of PPE Waste and Being Prepared
Authors: Hird Myra J. 
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on prepping as a particular response to the uncertainty of our species’ survival. Far from the experiences of millions of people who are forced into relentless adaptation due to unremitting poverty, inequality and global changes in climate, preppers largely plan for an imagined future by accumulating survivalist skills and things. That is, what most characterizes preppers is their mass consumption: preppers spend many thousands of dollars stockpiling resources like food, water and weaponry. Not only, then, do they eschew initiatives that seek to prevent an imagined future apocalypse but as we will show, preppers influence the very conditions that they then say they are forced to respond to as they intensify the hegemony of over-consumption. As such, this chapter demonstrates that the increasingly popular phenomenon of prepping is a contemporary reiteration of western consumer/trashing culture, which feeds the global capitalist system responsible for the very apocalyptic conditions to which preppers believe they are responding.