bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Candida Species Colonizing Mucosae of HIV-Infected Patients in Two Healthcare Centers of Cameroon During 2018-2020
Authors: Kountchou Cyrille Levis , Iwewe Yves Somo , Kamdem Diane Estelle Modjo , Itor Ekpo Alfred , Dzoyem Jean Paul 
Published: August 2023

Aims: This study aimed to investigate Candida species colonizing HIV-infected patients in Bafoussam and Yaounde in Cameroon.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) and Bafoussam Regional Hospital (BRH) between October 2018 and December 2020.
Methodology: We included 804 HIV-infected (681 women; 123 men; age range 21-81 years). Vaginal discharge, oral swab, stools, and urine were collected, and mycological diagnosis including direct macroscopic and microscopic analyses, culture on Sabouraud chloramphenicol medium, culture on chromogenic medium, germ tube test, evidence of chlamydospores production, biochemical analysis was performed. Yeast isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
Results: Eight hundred and four patients were recruited, and 2754 samples were collected. The colonization frequency was 17.35%, and 513 yeasts were isolated. Overall, Candida albicans 251 (48.92%) was the most frequently isolated. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) isolates have been classified into 16 species, including Candida krusei (14.23%), Candida glabrata (9.94%), Candida parapsilosis (8.18%), and Candida tropicalis (7.99%) as the major ones. There was a relationship (P-value= 0.00) between antiretroviral therapy and Candida species colonization.
Conclusion: The results provide information on the epidemiology of Candida species in HIV-infected patients in Cameroon.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Nigerians Towards Herbal Contraception: A Questionnaire- Based Study
Authors: Judith John Eloyi , Simisola Oloye Temidayo , Kokonne Ekere , Isaac Ajeh Johnson , Abdullahi Rashida , Olubunmi Olayemi , Sunday Ndiana-Abasi , Yetunde Isimi Christianah , Martins Emeje Ochubiojo 
Published: August 2023

Aims: With a population of about 222 million, which is expected to rise to 377 million making Nigeria the 3rd largest country in the world by 2050, a well-planned family will improve the quality of life of mother and child.
Methodology: A non-probability online survey was conducted (October 2021 and November 2021), recruiting 1113 participants across Nigeria. Socio-demographic data and information on contraceptives were obtained, and Pearson’s chi-squared test of independence at a 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed using R 4.2.1.
Results: Significant associations (P < .001) were found between age, marital status, education, and profession of respondents. About 44.65% were 15-29 years, while 41.2% were 30-34 years. No significant association was observed between the age group, gender, and the need for population control. Females (50.04%), 15-29 years old (66.48%) are more likely to approve of the need for population control. Likewise, females (22.01%), with tertiary education (18.78%) are well-informed about contraceptive use (P < .001). Only 19.38% (n = 184; P < .001) of participants used herbal contraceptives, in the form of liquid mixtures (55.98%), teas (17.93%), pills (12.50%), and powders (10.87%), with 26.63% > 7.61% > 6.52% > 5.98% = 5.98% = 5.98% > 4.89% > 3.80% who took Moringa, Alligator Pepper, Neem Plant, Castor Beans, African Star apple Momordica, Rosary Pea, and Horse-eye Bean respectively as contraceptives. Aged parents (32.07%), friends (31.52%), doctors (15.76%), herbalists (5.98%), pharmacists (5.43%), and nurses (3.80%) played a significant (P < .001) role in recommending these herbs. Furthermore, 76.37% recommended the development of indigenous herbal contraceptives in Nigeria, while 23.63% did not.
Conclusion: Although participants have expressed a preference for herbal contraceptives, knowledge of them is lacking, which calls for more awareness campaigns and policy formulations for their promotion, development, and adoption in Nigeria.
Five-Year Trajectories of Prescription Opioid Use
Authors: Gisev Natasa , Buizen Luke , Hopkins Ria E. , Schaffer Andrea L. , Daniels Benjamin , Bharat Chrianna , Dobbins Timothy , Larney Sarah , Blyth Fiona , Currow David C. , Wilson Andrew , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Degenhardt Louisa 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceThere are known risks of using opioids for extended periods. However, less is known about the long-term trajectories of opioid use following initiation.ObjectiveTo identify 5-year trajectories of prescription opioid use, and to examine the characteristics of each trajectory group.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study conducted in New South Wales, Australia, linked national pharmaceutical claims data to 10 national and state data sets to determine sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, drug use, and health services use. The cohort included adult residents (aged ≥18 years) of New South Wales who initiated a prescription opioid between July 1, 2003, and December 31, 2018. Statistical analyses were conducted from February to September 2022.ExposureDispensing of a prescription opioid, with no evidence of opioid dispensing in the preceding 365 days, identified from pharmaceutical claims data.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the trajectories of monthly opioid use over 60 months from opioid initiation. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to classify these trajectories. Linked health care data sets were used to examine characteristics of individuals in different trajectory groups.ResultsAmong 3 474 490 individuals who initiated a prescription opioid (1 831 230 females [52.7%]; mean [SD] age, 49.7 [19.3] years), 5 trajectories of long-term opioid use were identified: very low use (75.4%), low use (16.6%), moderate decreasing to low use (2.6%), low increasing to moderate use (2.6%), and sustained use (2.8%). Compared with individuals in the very low use trajectory group, those in the sustained use trajectory group were older (age ≥65 years: 22.0% vs 58.4%); had more comorbidities, including cancer (4.1% vs 22.2%); had increased health services contact, including hospital admissions (36.9% vs 51.6%); had higher use of psychotropic (16.4% vs 42.4%) and other analgesic drugs (22.9% vs 47.3%) prior to opioid initiation, and were initiated on stronger opioids (20.0% vs 50.2%).Conclusions and relevanceResults of this cohort study suggest that most individuals commencing treatment with prescription opioids had relatively low and time-limited exposure to opioids over a 5-year period. The small proportion of individuals with sustained or increasing use was older with more comorbidities and use of psychotropic and other analgesic drugs, likely reflecting a higher prevalence of pain and treatment needs in these individuals.
Non‐Zero and Open‐Loop Current–Voltage Characteristics in Electronic Memory Devices
Authors: Paul Febin , Nama Manjunatha Krishna , Paul Shashi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work focuses on the non‐zero‐crossing and open‐loop current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of electronic memory devices that are studied and focused on primarily for non‐volatile memory storage applications. Gold nanoparticles‐based devices are fabricated to understand possible non‐crossing zero and open‐loop current–voltage behavior, where a non‐zero current and open loop I–V characteristics are observed at zero voltage. While other studies have attributed this behavior as a “battery effect”, this study presents an alternate perspective for non‐redox‐based charge storage memory devices. The electrical measurements clearly demonstrate that the non‐zero current and open‐loop characteristics are due to the charge trapping of the gold nanoparticles. The charge accumulation within the nanoparticle is observed to create a non‐zero potential within the device and thereby encouraging such behavior, even though the applied external voltage is zero. The longstanding mystery in deciphering if electrical measurements or the charge storage device contributes toward non‐zero property is unfurled in this article. A possible charge storage model is proposed and further verified using liquid crystals‐based two terminal devices. The presence of internal potential leads to an offset within the devices, a non‐zero current and open‐loop I–V even when the external applied voltage is zero.
Artificial intelligence and the impact on medical genetics
Authors: Solomon Benjamin D. , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVirtually all areas of biomedicine will be increasingly affected by applications of artificial intelligence (AI). We discuss how AI may affect fields of medical genetics, including both clinicians and laboratorians. In addition to reviewing the anticipated impact, we provide recommendations for ways in which these groups may want to evolve in light of the influence of AI. We also briefly discuss how educational and training programs can play a key role in preparing the future workforce given these anticipated changes.
Synthesis, structural characterization, and in vitro biological activity studies of ternary metal complexes of 1,10‐phenanthroline and the anti‐inflammatory bromhexine drug
Authors: Mahmoud Nessma F. , Omar Norhan R. S. , Mohamed Gehad G. , Sayed Fatma N. 
Published: August 2023

The medication bromhexine (BHX) is well‐known for its unique properties and therapeutic advantages, with prospective uses in the prevention and treatment of cancer growth and bacterial infections. The current research describes the synthesis of a unique series of mixed ligand complexes of Cr(III), Fe(III), Ni(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) produced from BHX (1ry ligand) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (Phen; 2ry ligand) and distinguished by spectral. The two ligands' potential for coordination with metal ions has been suggested in view of chemical analysis and spectral (1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet–visible, and mass spectrometry) and thermal studies. BHX and Phen are neutrally bidentately coupled to the metal ions, according to infrared spectral study. The general formula of [M(BHX)(Phen)(H2O)n.Clm] was suggested using the molar conductivity, elemental analyses, and thermal information of the complexes that were produced. Where M = Fe(III) (n = y = 2, m = 0, and x = 3), Co(II) (n = x = 2, m = 0, and y = 3), Ni(II) (n = x = 2, m = 0, and y = 6), and Cd(II) (n = x = y = 2 and m = 0) with an octahedral geometry was proposed. Thermal analyses revealed that the complexes lost anionic part and organic ligands in continual changes after first losing water molecules of hydration. Compared with their parent BHX ligand, the mixed ligand complexes demonstrated promising microbiological activities against a variety of bacterial species, including Gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). According to the results, mixed ligand complexes are more efficient than the parent BHX and Phen ligands. The complexes moderately inhibit the development of the MCF‐7 antibreast cancer cell line. The chemistry of the linking energy, H‐bond, and hydrophobic interactions of the BHX ligand and its mixed Cu(II) complex with Phen are revealed by molecular docking investigations with the crystal structure of S. aureus nucleoside (PDB: 3Q8U) and human prostate‐specific antigen (PDB: 3QUM).
Sex differences of the triple network model in children with autism: A resting‐state fMRI investigation of effective connectivity
Authors: Li Cuicui , Li Tong , Chen Ying , Zhang Chunling , Ning Mingmin , Qin Rui , Li Lin , Wang Ximing , Chen Linglong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a pronounced male predominance, but the underlying neurobiological basis of this sex bias remains unclear. Gender incoherence (GI) theory suggests that ASD is more neurally androgynous than same‐sex controls. Given its central role, altered structures and functions, and sex‐dependent network differences in ASD, the triple network model, including the central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN), and salience network (SN), has emerged as a candidate for characterizing this sex difference. Here, we measured the sex‐related effective connectivity (EC) differences within and between these three networks in 72 children with ASD (36 females, 8–14 years) and 72 typically developing controls (TCs) (36 females, 8–14 years) from 5 sites of the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange repositories using a 2 × 2 analysis of covariance factorial design. We also assessed brain‐behavior relationships and the effects of age on EC. We found significant diagnosis‐by‐sex interactions on EC: females with ASD had significantly higher EC than their male counterparts within the DMN and between the SN and CEN. The interaction pattern supported the GI theory by showing that the higher EC observed in females with ASD reflected a shift towards the higher level of EC displayed in male TCs (neural masculinization), and the lower EC seen in males with ASD reflected a shift towards the lower level of EC displayed in female TCs (neural feminization). We also found significant brain‐behavior correlations and significant effects of age on EC.
Incidence, mechanisms, treatment, and outcomes of donor vessel injury during percutaneous coronary interventions for chronic total occlusion
Authors: Kostantinis Spyridon , Rempakos Athanasios , Simsek Bahadir , Karacsonyi Judit , Allana Salman S. , Alaswad Khaldoon , Basir Mir B. , Krestyaninov Oleg , Khelimskii Dmitrii , Gorgulu Sevket , Davies Rhian E. , Benton Stewart M. , Khatri Jaikirshan J. , Poommipanit Paul , Choi James W. , Jaber Wissam A. , Rinfret Stephane , Nicholson William , Al‐Azizi Karim M. , Potluri Srinivasa , Aygul Nazif , Altunkeser Bulent B. , Koutouzis Michael , Tsiafoutis Ioannis , Milkas Anastasios , ElGuindy Ahmed M. , Abi Rafeh Nidal , Goktekin Omer , Mastrodemos Olga C. , Rangan Bavana V. , Sandoval Yader , Burke M Nicholas , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDonor vessel injury is a potentially life‐threatening complication of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).AimsOur goal was to examine the incidence, mechanisms, treatment, and outcomes of patients with donor vessel injury in a large multicenter CTO PCI registry.MethodsWe analyzed the baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics, and procedural outcomes of 12,349 CTO PCIs performed between 2012 and 2022 at 44 centers.ResultsThe incidence of donor vessel injury was 0.35% (n = 43). The baseline clinical characteristics of patients with and without donor vessel injury were similar. Cases complicated by donor vessel injury were more complex with higher Japanese CTO score (2.9 ± 1.1 vs. 2.4 ± 1.3;p = 0.004) and lower procedural success rate (69.8% vs. 85.2%;p = 0.004). The retrograde approach was used more commonly in donor vessel injury cases (68.9% vs. 30.9%;p < 0.001). Most (53.5%) donor vessel injuries were guide catheter‐induced, whereas 20.9% were due to donor vessel thrombosis. Of the 43 patients with donor vessel injury, 36 (83.7%) were treated with stenting and seven (16.3%) received a left ventricular assist device. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) was significantly higher in cases with donor vessel injury (23.3% vs. 2.0%;p < 0.001). Of the 43 patients with donor vessel injury, five patients (11.6%) experienced acute myocardial infarction and four patients (9.3%) died.ConclusionsDonor vessel injury, occurred in 0.35% of CTO PCIs performed by experienced operators, was mainly due to guide catheter‐induced dissection or thrombosis and was associated with lower procedural success and higher MACE.
Practical Aspects Concerning Catalysis with Molecularly Doped Metals**
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Formenti Matteo , Pagliaro Mario , Della Pina Cristina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRanging from silver‐entrapped dyes and gold‐entrapped enzymes through palladium‐entrapped graphene oxide, molecularly doped metals (or metal organic alloys, MORALs) are active, stable and uniquely versatile catalysts in a number of reactions of relevance to the chemical industry. Reactions successfully catalyzed by MORALs concern both industry's main sectors, producing bulk and fine chemicals. Though first reported in 2005, and clearly holding a great applicative potential, their use in catalysis is still surprisingly limited. This study investigates a number of practical aspects concerning molecularly doped metals as heterogeneous catalysts.
Metal‐Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions with CO2: An Update
Authors: Giovanelli Riccardo , Bertuzzi Giulio , Bandini Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe utilization of CO2 as an efficient and environmentally friendly chemical analogue of CO is becoming a solid reality in the chemical scenario. CO2‐based carbonylations have started paralleling the more consolidated carboxylation procedures, opening new horizons and perspectives in the utilization of carbon dioxide as an organic C1‐containing building block. The advent of efficient and site‐selective metal‐catalyzed protocols for the fixation of CO2 into organic scaffolds, under controlled reductive conditions, contributed substantially to the development of robust, efficient, and convenient protocols. In the present Review article, a collection of the most recent examples of metal‐catalyzed CO2‐based carbonylations is documented with a particular emphasis on mechanistic aspects.
DFT Study of Imine‐Exchange Reactions in Iron(II)‐Coordinated Pincers
Authors: van Dam Annemieke , van Schendel Robin , Gangarapu Satesh , Zuilhof Han , Smulders Maarten M. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe imine bond is among the most applied motifs in dynamic covalent chemistry. Although its uses are varied and often involve coordination to a transition metal for stability, mechanistic studies on imine exchange reactions so far have not included metal coordination. Herein, we investigated the condensation and transimination reactions of an Fe2+‐coordinated diimine pyridine pincer, employing wB97XD/6‐311G(2d,2p) DFT calculations in acetonitrile. We first experimentally confirmed that Fe2+ is strongly coordinated by these pincers, and is thus a justified model ion. When considering a four‐membered ring‐shaped transition state for proton transfers, the required activation energies for condensation and transimination reaction exceeded the values expected for reactions known to be spontaneous at room temperature. The nature of the incoming and exiting amines and the substituents on the para‐position of the pincer had no effect on this. Replacing Fe2+ with Zn2+ or removing it altogether did not reduce it either. However, the addition of two ethylamine molecules lowered the energy barriers to be compatible with experiment (19.4 and 23.2 kcal/mol for condensation and transimination, respectively). Lastly, the energy barrier of condensation of a non‐coordinated pincer was significantly higher than found for Fe2+‐coordinating pincers, underlining the catalyzing effect of metal coordination on imine exchange reactions.
A PI3K gene expression signature predicts for recurrence in early‐stage non–small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Sebastian Nikhil T. , Webb Amy , Shilo Konstantin , Robb Ryan , Xu‐Welliver Meng , Haglund Karl , Brownstein Jeremy , DeNicola Gina M. , Shen Changxian , Williams Terence M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionIncreasingly, early‐stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Although treatment is generally effective, a small subset of tumors will recur because of radioresistance. Preclinical studies suggested PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR activation mediates radioresistance. This study sought to validate this finding in tumor samples from patients who underwent SBRT for NSCLC.MethodsPatients with T1‐3N0 NSCLC treated with SBRT at our institution were included. Total RNA of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor biopsy specimens (pretherapy) was isolated and analyzed using the Clariom D assay. Risk scores from a PI3K activity signature and four published NSCLC signatures were generated and dichotomized by the median. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regressions were used to analyze their association with recurrence and overall survival (OS). The PI3K signature was also tested in a data set of resected NSCLC for additional validation.ResultsA total of 92 patients were included, with a median follow‐up of 18.3 months for living patients. There was no association of any of the four published gene expression signatures with recurrence or OS. However, high PI3K risk score was associated with higher local recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 11.72; 95% CI, 1.40–98.0; p = .023) and worse disease‐free survival (DFS) (HR, 3.98; 95% CI, 1.57–10.09; p = .0035), but not OS (p = .49), regional recurrence (p = .15), or distant recurrence (p = .85). In the resected NSCLC data set (n = 361), high PI3K risk score was associated with decreased OS (log‐rank p = .013) but not DFS (p = 0.54).ConclusionsThis study validates that higher PI3K activity, measured by gene expression, is associated with local recurrence and worse DFS in early‐stage NSCLC patients treated with SBRT. This may be useful in prognostication and/or tailoring treatment, and merits further validation.
Changes in Urinary Uric Acid Concentration after Dotinurad Administration to Patients with Hyperuricemia: A Post Hoc Analysis of Two Clinical Trials in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Toshinari , Sasaki Minoru , Shimizu Toru , Yamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDotinurad has been approved in Japan as a selective urate reabsorption inhibitor for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. The relationship between uric acid crystallization and the use of uricosuric drugs is widely acknowledged; however, the relationship between changes in urinary uric acid concentration and urine pH or volume has not been sufficiently analyzed. Therefore, we investigated the changes in urinary uric acid concentration following dotinurad administration as well as the relationship between urine pH or volume and urinary uric acid concentration. This post hoc analysis used data from 2 clinical trials that included 12 and 26 patients with hyperuricemia who received dotinurad treatment (for 7 days on an inpatient basis and 14 weeks on an outpatient basis, respectively). The urinary uric acid concentration transiently increased in the early stages of dotinurad use and when its dose was increased, but decreased over time. No uric acid concentrations exceeded the soluble limit at any urine pH. An inverse correlation was observed between urine volume and urinary uric acid concentration. This study highlights the significance of adequately managing urinary uric acid concentrations by increasing urine volume and alkalinizing urine to prevent uric acid crystallization during dotinurad administration.