bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quelles technologies pour décarboner les transports ?
Authors: Auverlot Dominique , Sauvant Alain 
Published: March 2023

Dans leur article publié précédemment dans ce numéro, Dominique Auverlot et Alain Sauvant ont présenté l’exercice de prospective mené par France Stratégie et l’Inspection générale de l’environnement et du développement durable sur les transports et la mobilité à 2040-2060, dans la perspective de réalisation de l’objectif de la neutralité carbone que s’est assigné la France. Pour compléter cette présentation et donner un exemple concret des dispositions qui pourraient accompagner cette transition vers la neutralité carbone, ils proposent ici un focus sur les technologies à mobiliser pour la décarbonation des transports. Les transports sont aujourd’hui le premier secteur émetteur de gaz à effet de serre en France (30 % des émissions) ; ils constituent donc une étape essentielle de la transition écologique. Les auteurs présentent ici les options technologiques ouvertes pour les décarboner, en commençant par la motorisation (électrique, hybride, hydrogène, biocarburants…) des véhicules utilisés en transport routier. C’est selon eux un angle incontournable dans une stratégie visant à atteindre la neutralité carbone. Côté transport aérien, il faut, selon eux, miser sur la recherche et privilégier la conversion vers les biocarburants. Enfin, dans le transport maritime, troisième pan du secteur, l’heure est aux expérimentations, comme le montre cet article, avec deux voies prometteuses : le gaz naturel liquéfié avec capture du CO 2 et l’électricité pour les courts trajets. Au final, si la technologie ne peut résoudre à elle seule tous les problèmes d’émissions des transports, elle constitue toutefois, avec l’incitation à la sobriété, un levier essentiel de la décarbonation. Les pouvoirs publics doivent donc en tenir compte dans les incitations politiques et économiques qu’ils établissent pour mettre en œuvre leur stratégie bas-carbone. S.D.
Peut-il y avoir une « intelligence des masses » ?
Authors: Delobel Manon 
Published: March 2023

L’expression « intelligence des masses » s’est construite comme un oxymore. Cet article, qui revient sur les tensions historiques entre ces deux concepts (en se bornant aux années 1780-1920), pose la question suivante : faut-il conserver le concept de « masse », au risque de cristalliser une conception erronée de l’intelligence, ou l’abandonner, au risque de nier une réalité sociologique indéniable ? Nous soutiendrons avec le philosophe John Dewey qu’une théorie de l’« intelligence des masses » nécessite au préalable de procéder à deux réformes conceptuelles majeures : celle de l’intelligence, qui ne doit plus être considérée comme une propriété innée et exclusivement individuelle mais comme une capacité sociale, mais aussi celle de la « masse », qui ne saurait désigner un état naturel et nécessaire du collectif démocratique mais une énergie potentielle, étouffée par certaines conditions institutionnelles et politiques.
Formulation design and physicochemical evaluation of an anti-inflammatory hydrogel patch containing Crinum asiaticum L. extract
Authors: Kongkwamcharoen Chonthicha , Itharat Arunporn , Ketjinda Wichan , Lee Hyang-Yeol , Moon Gi-Seong , Davies Neal M. 
Published: March 2023

Background and purpose:

Crinum asiaticum L. has long been used in Thai traditional medicine to treat osteoarthritis and inflammation by placing it on painful areas without further formulation design which is suboptimal for therapeutic use. Thus, this research aims to formulate a topical hydrogel patch containing C. asiaticum L. extracts (CAE) for anti-inflammatory effects.

Experimental approach:
The hydrogel patches are made from carrageenan, locust bean gum, with glycerin as a plasticizer and contain CAE formulated by using response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design for design, determination of the effect of independent factors on the tensile strength, and optimization of the hydrogel patch formulation. In vitro release and skin permeation studies using a modified Franz diffusion cell and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated.

Findings/Results:
The optimized CAE hydrogel patch showed a good correlation between predicted and observed tensile strength values and exerted its maximum cumulative lycorine release and permeation at 69.38 ± 2.78% and 48.51 ± 0.45%, respectively which were fit to Higuchi's kinetic model. The release rates were found to decrease with an increase in the polymer proportion of carrageenan and locust bean gum. In addition, the patch exerted potent in vitro anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 21.36 ± 0.78 μg/mL.

Conclusion and implication:
The optimized CAE hydrogel patch application was successfully formulated with excellent mechanical properties, cumulative release, permeation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, it has the potential to be further developed as a herbal application to relieve pain and inflammation. The in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of this delivery system should be further investigated.
The effects of kindling during pregnancy on long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in male rat offspring
Authors: Pourmotabbed Ali , Naghizadeh Razieh , Moradpour Farshad , Veisi Mozhgan , Nedaei Seyed Ershad , Zarei Fatemeh , Salimi Zahra 
Published: March 2023

Background and purpose:
Neonates of pregnant women with epilepsy may compromise normal neurodevelopment and hippocampal morphology. Memory and learning disorders and a decrease in verbal IQ scores are seen in these children later in life. In the previous study, we suggested that the central muscarinic cholinergic receptors had an important role in learning and memory deficits induced by prenatal pentylenetetrazol-kindling in pups born to kindled mothers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of kindling during pregnancy on long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and the role of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the hippocampus of male offspring.

Experimental approach:
Twenty female Wistar rats were divided into two groups on the 13th day of their gestation (kindled and control; n = 10). Animals in the first group were kindled by i.p. injections of 25 mg/kg body weight pentylenetetrazol every 15 min until seizures occurred and the control group received normal saline. The effect of maternal seizures and perfusion of specific M1 muscarinic receptors antagonist (telenzepine at doses of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 nmol) on the LTP induction of 80 pups were tested at 12 weeks of age by field potential recordings.

Findings/Results:
The results of the electrophysiological study revealed that recurrent seizures during pregnancy impaired field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP)-LTP induction and normal development of M1 muscarinic receptors in the hippocampus of male offspring. Also, the results demonstrated that maternal seizure did not significantly affect the paired-pulse indexes and population spike-LTP in the hippocampus of male offspring.

Conclusion and implications:
Our study showed that recurrent seizures during pregnancy cause impaired fEPSP-LTP induction and abnormal development of the M1 muscarinic receptor in the hippocampus.
Reversal of Premature Hair Graying Treated with a Topical Formulation Containing α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Agonist (Greyverse Solution 2%)
Authors: Chavan Dipali 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
With aging, hair graying is a common sign resulting from complex regulation of melanogenesis. Multiple factors control the stimulation of melanogenesis at the level of the hair follicle, including melanin-stimulating hormone (MSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone, endothelin-1, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, neutrophils, fibroblast growth factor, nitric oxide, catecholamines, Vitamins, and minerals. Premature hair graying (PHG) has a major impact on the cosmesis, self-credibility, and social life of the affected individual. Currently, there is no medical treatment available for PHG. We present a case of a 25-year-old female with a history of graying of hair on the scalp. Clinical diagnosis revealed it as a case of premature graying/canities. She was prescribed a topical formulation (Greyverse solution) containing palmitoyl tetrapeptide 20, a biomimetic biopeptide of α-MSH for treating her PHG. The formulation was applied 1 mL twice daily directly on the affected part of the scalp. Hair supplements containing a combination of biotin and calcium pantothenate once daily orally were also prescribed. After 3 months, the patient showed some improvement, and the dose of the topical solution was reduced to 1 mL once daily. After 5 months, the patient achieved >90% conversion of gray hair to black hair.
Ichthyosis Follicularis with Alopecia and Photophobia Syndrome with Coexisting Palmoplantar Keratoderma Treated with Acitretin
Authors: Rajesh Supriya , Loganathan Eswari , Shanmukhappa Asha Gowrappala 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and photophobia (IFAP) syndrome is a rare congenital genetic disorder characterized clinically by a triad of follicular ichthyosis, alopecia and photophobia. The genetic inheritance pattern in IFAP syndrome is said to be X-linked with mutations of the membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 2 gene. Histopathology of the skin shows dilated hair follicles with keratin plugs extending above the surface of the skin. In this case report, we describe a 6-year-old girl with clinical features of IFAP along with palmoplantar keratoderma. Skin biopsy was done to confirm the diagnosis after which she was started on acitretin (10 mg per day). Good improvement in cutaneous features was observed after 1 month.
Prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra among 4816 consecutive patients with low back pain
Authors: Byvaltsev Vadim A. , Kalinin Andrei A. , Shepelev Valery V. , Pestryakov Yurii Ya. , Aliyev Marat A. , Hozeev Dmitriy V. , Biryuchkov Mikhail Y. , Kundubayev Rustem A. , Riew K. Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Study Design:
A retrospective single-center study.

Background:
The prevalence of the lumbosacral anomalies remains controversial. The existing classification to characterize these anomalies is more complex than necessary for clinical use.

Purpose:
To assessment of the prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) in patients with low back pain and the development of clinically relevant classification to describe these anomalies.

Materials and Methods:
During the period from 2007 to 2017, all cases of LSTV were preoperatively verified, and classified according to Castellvi, as well as O’Driscoll. We then developed modifications of those classifications that are simpler, easier to remember, and clinically relevant. At the surgical level, this was assessed intervertebral disc and facet joint degeneration.

Results:
The prevalence of the LSTV was 8.1% (389/4816). The most common L5 transverse process anomaly type was fused, unilaterally or bilaterally (48%), to the sacrum and were O’Driscoll's III (40.1%) and IV (35.8%). The most common type of S1-2 disc was a lumbarized disc (75.9%), where the disc's anterior-posterior diameter was equal to the L5-S1 disc diameter. In most cases, neurological compression symptoms (85.5%) were verified to be due to spinal stenosis (41.5%) or herniated disc (39.5%). In the majority of patients without neural compression, the clinical symptoms were due to mechanical back pain (58.8%).

Conclusions:
LSTV is a fairly common pathology of the lumbosacral junction, occurring in 8.1% of the patients in our series (389 out of 4,816 cases). The most common types were Castellvi's type IIA (30.9%) and IIIA (34.9%) and were O’Driscoll's III (40.1%) and IV (35.8%).
Safety and effectiveness of a posterior approach alone for surgical treatment of sacral-presacral tumors
Authors: Demir Fatih , Kaplan Metin , Akgün Bekir , Kök Selman , Öztürk Sait , Erol Fatih Serhat 
Published: March 2023

Aim:
We aimed to examine the safety and effectiveness of a posterior approach alone in the surgical treatment of sacral-presacral tumors. In addition, we investigate factors that determine the selection of a posterior approach alone.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with sacral-presacral tumors who underwent surgery in our institution between 2007 and 2019 were examined in this study. Data regarding patient age, gender, tumor size (>6 cm and <6 cm), tumor localization (below or above S1), tumor pathology (benign or malignant), surgical approach (anterior alone, posterior alone, or combined), and extent of resection were recorded. The Spearman's correlation analyses were conducted between surgical approach and tumor size, localization, and pathology. Factors influencing the extent of resection were also examined.

Results:
Complete tumor resection was achieved in 18 of 20 patients. A posterior approach alone was used in 16. No strong or significant relation was detected between surgical approach and tumor size (r = 0.218; P = 0.355). There was no strong or significant relationship between surgical approach and tumor localization (r = 0.145; P = 0.541) or tumor pathology (r = 0.250; P = 0.288). Tumor size, localization, and pathology were not independent factors that determined surgical approach. The only significant independent determining factor for incomplete resection was tumor pathology (r = 0.688; P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
A posterior approach is safe and effective in the surgical treatment of sacral-presacral tumors independent of tumor localization, size, or pathology and is a feasible first-line treatment option.
Arthrodesis versus dynamic neutralization
Authors: Meco Leonard , Finzi Simone Stefano , Scoscina Dalila , Amico Silvia , Sirabella Francesco Saverio , Rotini Marco , Martiniani Monia , Specchia Nicola , Gigante Antonio Pompilio 
Published: March 2023

Study Design:
This was a retrospective comparative study.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to perform a clinical and radiological retrospective evaluation of the most used techniques for the lumbar degenerative disk disease (DDD) treatment: arthrodesis versus dynamic neutralization (DN)-Dynesys dynamic stabilization system.

Methods:
The study included 58 consecutive patients affected by lumbar DDD, 28 treated with rigid stabilization and 30 with DN at our department between 2003 and 2013. The clinical evaluation was performed through the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The radiographic evaluation was performed through standard and dynamic X-ray projections and magnetic resonance imaging.

Results:
Both techniques determined a clinical improvement in the postoperative period compared to the preoperative one. There were no significant differences between the postoperative VAS of the two techniques. The DN group postoperative ODI percentage showed a significant improvement (P = 0.026) compared to the arthrodesis group. During the follow-up, no clinically significant differences were highlighted between the two techniques. At a long term follow up period, radiographic results showed, in both groups, a L3–L4 disk mean height reduction and an increase of segmental and lumbar lordosis without significant differences between the two techniques. During an average of 96-month follow-up period, 5 (18%) patients developed an adjacent segment disease in the arthrodesis group and 6 (20%) patients developed this syndrome in the DN group.

Conclusions:
We are confident in recommending arthrodesis and DN as effective techniques for lumbar DDD treatment. Both techniques are potentially burdened, with similar frequency, by the development of long-term adjacent segment disease.
Location variance of the great vessels while undergoing side-bend positioning changes during lateral interbody fusion
Authors: Joiner Aaron , Gomez Gilberto , Vatsia Sohrab K. , Ellett Tyler , Pahl Douglas 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is an increasingly popular surgical technique that facilitates minimally invasive exposure, attenuated blood loss, and potentially improved arthrodesis rates. However, there is a paucity of evidence elucidating the risk of vascular injury associated with LLIF, and no previous studies have evaluated the distance from the lumbar intervertebral space (IVS) to the abdominal vascular structures in a side-bend lateral decubitus position. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the average distance, and changes in distance, from the lumbar IVS to the major vessels from supine to side-bend right and left lateral decubitus (RLD and LLD) positions simulating operating room positioning utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods:
We independently evaluated lumbar MRI scans of 10 adult patients in the supine, RLD, and LLD positions, calculating the distance from each lumbar IVS to adjacent major vascular structures.

Results:
At the cephalad lumbar levels (L1-L3), the aorta lies in closer proximity to the IVS in the RLD position, in contrast to the inferior vena cava (IVC), which is further from the IVS in the RLD. At the L3-S1 vertebral levels, the right and left common iliac arteries (CIA) are both further from the IVS in the LLD position, with the notable exception of the right CIA, which lies further from the IVS in the RLD at the L5-S1 level. At both the L4-5 and L5-S1 levels, the right common iliac vein (CIV) is further from the IVS in the RLD. In contrast, the left CIV is further from the IVS at the L4-5 and L5-S1 levels.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that RLD positioning may be safer for LLIF as it affords greater distance away from critical venous structures, however, surgical positioning should be assessed at the discretion of the spine surgeon on a patient-specific basis.
Age- and gender-related radiological changes of the cervical spine
Authors: Guvercin Ali Riza , Arslan Erhan , Hacifazlioglu Cigdem , Kanat Ayhan , Arslan Elif Acar , Yazar Ugur 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The morphological features of the cervical spine are an essential issue. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the structural and radiological changes in the cervical spine.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 250 patients with neck pain but no apparent cervical pathology were selected from a database of 5672 consecutive patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRIs were directly examined for cervical disc degeneration. These include Pfirrmann grade (Pg/C), cervical lordosis angle (A/CL), Atlantodental distance (ADD), the thickness of transverse ligament (T/TL), and position of cerebellar tonsils (P/CT). The measurements were taken at the positions of T1- and T2-weighted sagittal and axial MRIs. To evaluate the results, patients were divided into seven age groups (10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70, and over).

Results:
In terms of ADD (mm), T/TL (mm), and P/CT (mm), there was no significant difference among age groups (P > 0.05). However, in terms of A/CL (degree) values, a statistically significant difference was observed among age groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Intervertebral disc degeneration was more severe in males than in females as age increased. For both genders, cervical lordosis, decreased significantly as age increased. T/TL, ADD, and P/CT did not significantly differ with age. The present study indicates that structural and radiological changes are possible reasons for cervical pain at advanced ages.
Comparative Study of Lipid Profile among Young Smokers and Nonsmokers in South Indian Population
Authors: Kumar Abhinav , Narayanaswamy Srikanth 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
In India, the predominant way of tobacco consumption is by smoking cigarettes, which is a vital risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease, which in turn is affected by abnormality in the lipid profile.

Aim:
To evaluate the alteration in the serum lipid profile between young smokers and nonsmokers.

Materials and methods:
The study included a total of 148 participants, who were divided into light (n = 25), moderate (n = 25), heavy (n = 24) smokers (“S” group), and nonsmokers (“NS” group, n = 74). Along with demographic data, blood samples were collected after overnight fasting under aseptic conditions. The samples were centrifuged and the lipid profile estimation of substances including serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low- and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were performed. Independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance were employed for statistical analysis, considering P ≤.05 as significant.

Results:
The mean years of smoking were 7.91 ± 4.67 years and average cigarettes smoked per day were 13.43 ± 6.66. The inter-group difference in the lipid profiles were significant (P <.001). An increasing trend of mean cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with regard to lower to higher smoking index, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly showed decreasing trend with regard to lower to higher smoking index (P <.001).

Conclusion:
The present study reported abnormal lipid level in smokers in comparison to the nonsmokers, with the amount and duration of smoking also influencing dyslipidemia.
Efficacy and safety of topical cyclosporine 0.1% in moderate-to-severe dry eye disease refractory to topical cyclosporine 0.05% regimen
Authors: Chan Yuan-Hsi , Sun Chi-Chin 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.1% cyclosporine A cationic emulsion (CsA CE) following prior treatment with 0.05% cyclosporine A anionic emulsion (CsA AE) in moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We retrospectively identified patients with moderate-to-severe DED who had shown an inadequate response to twice-daily use of topical 0.05% CsA AE but showed a significant improvement after switching to 0.1% CsA CE daily. Dry eye parameters before and after CsA CE were evaluated by tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), cornea sensitivity, Schirmer's test without anesthetics, and Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire.

RESULTS:
Twenty-three patients, including ten patients with Sjogren syndrome and five patients with rheumatoid arthritis, were reviewed. After a 2-month course of treatment with topical 0.1% CsA CE, significant improvements were noted for CFS (P < 0.001), corneal sensitivity (P = 0.008), and TBUT (P = 0.01). Efficacy was similar in the autoimmune versus nonautoimmune group. 39.1% of patients reported treatment-related adverse events, while the majority was transient instillation pain. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure had no significant changes during the study.

CONCLUSION:
In patients with moderate to severe DED refractory to 0.05% cyclosporine, shifting to 0.1% cyclosporine showed improvement in objective signs but with lower treatment tolerability in the short term.