bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable, Sustainable Hydrogel Actuators with Shape and Stiffness Morphing Capabilities via Embedded 3D Printing
Authors: Sun Wenhuan , Williamson Avery S. , Sukhnandan Ravesh , Majidi Carmel , Yao Lining , Feinberg Adam W. , Webster‐Wood Victoria A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the impressive performance of recent marine robots, many of their components are non‐biodegradable or even toxic and may negatively impact sensitive ecosystems. To overcome these limitations, biologically‐sourced hydrogels are a candidate material for marine robotics. Recent advances in embedded 3D printing have expanded the design freedom of hydrogel additive manufacturing. However, 3D printing small‐scale hydrogel‐based actuators remains challenging. In this study, Free form reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) printing is applied to fabricate small‐scale biologically‐derived, marine‐sourced hydraulic actuators by printing thin‐wall structures that are water‐tight and pressurizable. Calcium‐alginate hydrogels are used, a sustainable biomaterial sourced from brown seaweed. This process allows actuators to have complex shapes and internal cavities that are difficult to achieve with traditional fabrication techniques. Furthermore, it demonstrates that fabricated components are biodegradable, safely edible, and digestible by marine organisms. Finally, a reversible chelation‐crosslinking mechanism is implemented to dynamically modify alginate actuators' structural stiffness and morphology. This study expands the possible design space for biodegradable marine robots by improving the manufacturability of complex soft devices using biologically‐sourced materials.
Oxygen‐Bridged Copper–Iron Atomic Pair as Dual‐Metal Active Sites for Boosting Electrocatalytic NO Reduction
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Zhu Xiaorong , Tu Xiaojin , Zhang Xiaoran , Chen Chen , Wei Xiaoxiao , Li Yafei , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to ammonia (NH3) is a promising approach to NH3 synthesis. However, due to the lack of efficient electrocatalysts, the performance of electrocatalytic NO reduction reaction (NORR) is far from satisfactory. Herein, it is reported that an atomic copper–iron dual‐site electrocatalyst bridged by an axial oxygen atom (OFeN6Cu) is anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon (CuFe DS/NC) for NORR. The CuFe DS/NC can significantly enhance the electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis performance (Faraday efficiency, 90%; yield rate, 112.52 µmol cm−2 h−1) at −0.6 V versus RHE, which is dramatically higher than the corresponding Cu single‐atom, Fe single‐atom and all NORR single‐atom catalysts in the literature so far. Moreover, an assembled proof‐of‐concept Zn–NO battery using CuFe DS/NC as the cathode outputs a power density of 2.30 mW cm−2 and an NH3 yield of 45.52 µg h−1 mgcat−1. The theoretical calculation result indicates that bimetallic sites can promote electrocatalytic NORR by changing the rate‐determining step and accelerating the protonation process. This work provides a flexible strategy for efficient sustainable NH3 synthesis.
Managing Diabetes with Hydrogel Drug Delivery
Authors: Xiang Yuanhui , Su Bo , Liu Dongping , Webber Matthew J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiabetes is one of the most pressing healthcare challenges facing society. Dysfunctional insulin signaling causes diabetes, leading to blood glucose instability and many associated complications. While the administration of exogenous insulin is then essential for achieving glucose control, issues with dosing accuracy and timing remain. Hydrogel‐based drug delivery systems have been broadly explored for controlled protein release, including for applications in long‐lasting and oral insulin delivery. More recently, efforts have focused on injectable hydrogels with glucose‐directed controlled release of insulin and glucagon, aiming for more autonomous and biomimetic approaches to blood glucose control. These materials typically use protein‐based sensing mechanisms or glucose binding by synthetic aryl boronates for glucose‐directed release. Despite advancements in this area, there remains a need for more precise timing of therapeutic availability to afford healthy blood glucose homeostasis, providing an opportunity for further research and innovation. This review summarizes the current state of hydrogel‐based delivery of insulin and glucagon, with insights into the potential benefits, future directions, and challenges that must be overcome to achieve clinical impact.
In Silico Experiments to Explore the Heating Efficiency of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Hyperthermia Preclinical Tests
Authors: Vicentini Marta , Ferrero Riccardo , Manzin Alessandra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPreclinical tests on murine models are typically performed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of novel magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in cancer treatment with magnetic hyperthermia. Here, through in silico experiments, in vivo tests are mimicked on a 30 g mouse and a 500 g rat, with the aim of determining the optimal treatment conditions allowing to reach the therapeutic temperature range (40−45 °C) within tumor regions. Various types of MNPs are considered with very different heating properties in terms of specific loss power, varying their administered dose, as well as the frequency and peak amplitude of the magnetic field. The analysis is performed by means of finite element models that solve the low‐frequency electromagnetic (EM) field problem and the Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation, to calculate the temperature increase in biological tissues due to the combined effects of EM field exposure and MNP activation. The methodology, which can be generalized to any type of MNPs, has permitted to identify the proper doses of MNPs to be administered to the tumor region, as a function of their heating properties and magnetic field parameters, highlighting the conditions that can lead to possible overheating, generation of hot spots or magnetic hyperthermia inefficacy.
Zn‐Rejuvenated and SEI‐Regulated Additive in Zinc Metal Battery via the Iodine Post‐Functionalized Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐90
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Hong Hu , Zhong Leheng , Zhu Jiaxiong , Hou Yue , Wang Shipeng , Lv Haiming , liang Peng , Guo Ying , Wang Donghong , Li Pei , Wang Yaxin , Li Qing , Cao Shan Cecilia , Li Hongfei , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to the high abundance of their components, low cost, and high safety, zinc‐based batteries open up new vistas for large‐scale energy storage. However, their stability, lifetime, and reversibility are impaired by passivation and dendrite growth of the Zn anode. Here, this challenge is circumvented by an iodine post‐functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework‐90 (ZIF‐90‐I) additive, in which the polycation absorbed on Zn anode can regulate solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in the 1 m Zn(TFSI)2 electrolyte and induce Zn2+ uniform deposition. Moreover, the I3−/I− redox can rejuvenate dead Zn and inhibit dendrites. With the ZIF‐90‐I additive, Zn plating/stripping at 99.5% Coulombic efficiency for 120 cycles is obtained in Zn||Ti cells at 20 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2. In addition, Zn||Zn cells show steady cycling for 1200 h at 5 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 with stable overpotentials. The utilization rate of Zn reaches up to 68.6%. In situ optical microscopy reveals smooth, uniform Zn plating, and the Zn‐rejuvenated function from the I3−/I− redox couple. The refreshed SEI with the increase of Zn‐rich complexes, and nitrides from adsorbed polycations, are uniform and ZnF2‐rich in the Zn(TFSI)2 + ZIF‐90‐I electrolyte. The full Zn||air cells in Zn(TFSI)2 + ZIF‐90‐I electrolyte exhibit excellent cycling stability with stable polarization voltage at 0.1 mA/0.05 mAh cm−2.
In Situ Reconstruction of Hole‐Selective Perovskite Heterojunction with Graded Energetics Toward Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Sheng , Xiong Shaobing , Wu Hongbo , Zhao Dongyang , You Xiaomeng , Xu Yehui , Jia Menghui , Bai Wei , Ma Zaifei , Liu Xianjie , Yao Yefeng , Sun Zhenrong , Bao Qinye 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated a high power conversion efficiency, however, the large energy loss due to non‐radiative recombination is the main challenge for further performance enhancement. Here, a surface treatment strategy is developed by heat‐induced decomposition of a thin interlayer 2,7‐Naphthaleneditriflate (NAP) to in situ reconstruct perovskite energetics. It is verified that the reconstructed perovskite surface energetics match better with the upper hole transport layer compared to the intrinsic condition. Spontaneous generation of n/n− homojunctions between the perovskite film bulk and the surface region promotes hole extraction, enhancing built‐in electric field, and thus significantly suppresses charge recombination at such perovskite hole‐selective heterojunctions. Moreover, the surface decomposed fluorine‐rich complexes passivate the defects and improve the crystallinity of the perovskite film. These advantages are confirmed by a remarkably improved efficiency from 20.52% for the control device to 23.37% for the treated one with excellent stability. The work provides a promising approach of in situ reconstructing perovskite surface and interface for the design of highly efficient and stable PSCs.
High‐Energy Density Aqueous Alkali/Acid Hybrid Zn–S Battery
Authors: Cai Pingwei , Sun Wei , Chen Junxiang , Chen Kai , Lu Zhiwen , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐based batteries with high energy density are highly sought after to satisfy the increasing demands on the electrochemical energy device thanks to the advantages of high safety, low cost, and fast kinetics. In this work, a high‐performance hybrid Zn–S battery (h‐ZnSB) is reported by coupling an alkali Zn anode with an acidic sulfur electrode. To this end, atomic Zn–N4dispersed on nitrogen‐doped hollow porous carbon (Zn–NHPC) is developed as the host of sulfur that enhances efficiency due to the higher affinity of Zn–N4to CuS than N‐doped graphene, which can reduce the vulcanization reaction barrier that is too high on N‐doped graphene. The hybrid Zn–S battery shows desired electrochemical properties, including a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.81 V, high specific capacities of 2250 mAh g−1at 1 A g−1and 1500 mAh g−1at 10 A g−1, as well as a high energy density of 2372 Wh kg−1at 10 A g−1based on the total mass of S/C composites. The present work may provide a promising route for the development of high‐energy and high‐safety aqueous batteries.
Smart phosphorescence from solid to water through progressive assembly strategy based on dual phosphorescent sources
Authors: Xia Qing‐Qing , Wang Xing‐Huo , Yu Jia‐Lin , Chen Zhong‐Yuan , Lou Xin‐Yue , Liu Xiaomin , Wu Ming‐Xue , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeveloping smart room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with facile and efficient strategies have attracted increasing attention. Herein, tunable RTP materials with two phosphorescent sources and stepwise enhanced phosphorescence in water are obtained through an in‐situ self‐assembly strategy based on the sensitization of phosphors by trimesic acid (TMA) through simple doping and the rigidification of phosphors by hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs). As expected, doped TMA+phosphors simultaneously promote the RTP emission of phosphors and maintain TMA phosphorescence. In‐situ assembled HOF(MA‐TMA)@phosphors facilitate smart RTP emission in water due to the coexistence of phosphorescent HOF(MA‐TMA) host and phosphors guest. Additionally, such RTP materials with good processability demonstrate the application potential in information security, benefitting from their varied afterglow lifetimes and easy luminous recognition in the darkness. This work will inspire the design of dual phosphorescent source RTP systems and provide new strategies for the development of smart RTP materials in water.
Incidence and outcome of arrhythmias and electrical disease in patients with Trisomy 18
Authors: Czosek Richard J. , Baskar Shankar , Mohan Shaun , Anderson Jeffrey B. , Spar David S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPatients with Trisomy 18 have a high incidence of cardiac anomalies and are associated with early death. Because of early mortality, electrical system disease and arrhythmia has been difficult to delineate and the incidence remain unknown. We sought to describe the association and clinical outcomes of electrical system disease and cardiac tachy‐arrhythmias in patients with Trisomy 18. This was a retrospective, single institutional study. All patients with Trisomy 18 were included in the study. Patient characteristics, congenital heart disease (CHD), conduction system and clinical tachy‐arrhythmia data were collected on all patients. Outcomes including cardiac surgical interventions, electrical system interventions and death were collected until the time of study. Patients with tachy‐arrhythmias/electrical system involvement were compared to those without to identify potential associated variables. A total of 54 patients with Trisomy 18 were included in analysis. The majority of patients was female and had associated CHD. AV nodal conduction system abnormalities with either first or second degree AV block were common (15%) as was QTc prolongation (37%). Tachy‐arrhythmias were common with 22% of patients having at least one form of tachy‐arrhythmia and associated with concomitant conduction system disease (p = 0.002). Tachy‐arrhythmias were typically treatable with monitoring or medication with eventual resolution without need for procedural intervention. Although early death was common, there were no causes of death associated with tachy‐arrhythmia or conduction system disease. In conclusion, patients with Trisomy 18 have a high incidence of conduction system abnormalities and burden of clinical tachy‐arrhythmias. Although frequent, electrical system disease did not affect patient outcome or difficultly of care delivery.
Temperature‐dependent mechanical performance of Nafion® 212 proton exchange membrane under uniaxial and biaxial loading
Authors: Hu Yiqun , Ding Suhang , Pan Mingxing , Xu Jianfei , Zhang Yuhang , Wu Wenwang , Xia Re 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe degradation of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) can significantly affect the structural integrity and lifetime of fuel cells. This study investigates the effects of temperature, peak load, initial strain, and loading modes on the mechanical properties of Nafion® 212 PEM using an in‐situ biaxial testing system. The findings indicate that membrane creeping is positively correlated with temperature and peak loads. The stress relaxation rate increases with the increase of initial strain, and an increase in temperature also leads to an apparent decrease in the anti‐relaxation properties of Nafion® 212 membrane. Additionally, the mechanical properties of low‐cycle fatigue at various temperatures were explored under biaxial cyclic loading conditions. When the temperature is fixed, the membrane strain increases and gradually stabilizes with the rise of fatigue cycles. With an increase in temperature, the strain increases at a greater rate. The phase difference increases with temperature growth, and the “hysteresis” phenomenon of the strain becomes more pronounced, resulting in greater energy loss. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanical behavior of Nafion® 212 PEM under different conditions. And can inform the design and optimization of fuel cell systems and contribute to the development of more robust and durable PEM materials.
β‐asarone inhibits the migration, invasion, and EMT of bladder cancer through activating ER stress
Authors: Liu Bo , Dan Weichao , Wei Yi , Zhang Yan , Wang Chi , Lei Yuzeshi , Hou Tao , Zhang Yong , Gao Ye 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundβ‐asarone (β‐as), a compound extracted from Acorus calamus, has been found to have anticancer effects on a variety of human cancers. However, the potential effect of β‐as on bladder cancer (BCa) remains unknown.MethodsAfter exposure to β‐as, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BCa were determined by wound healing, transwell, and Western blot assays. Expression of proteins involved in the EMT and ER stress were explored by Western blot assays. Nude mouse xenograft model was served as the model system in vivo.ResultsThe migration, invasion, and EMT of BCa were significantly inhibited after β‐as treatment. Further experiments revealed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in β‐as‐mediated metastasis inhibition. In addition, β‐as significantly up‐regulated activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), a branch of ER stress, and promoted its Golgi cleavage and nuclear localization. ATF6 silencing attenuated β‐as‐mediated metastasis and EMT inhibition in BCa cells.ConclusionOur data suggests that β‐as inhibits migration, invasion, and EMT of BCa by activating the ATF6 branch of ER stress. Thus, β‐as represents a potential candidate for BCa treatment.
T‐cells infiltration mediates the association between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and survival in gastric cancer
Authors: He Qifei , Huangfu Longtao , Fan Biao , Zhuang Qianzheng , He Liu , Li Lin , You Wei , Xing Xiaofang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a vital index for systemic inflammation and a prognostic indicator for gastric cancer (GC). Despite the abundant literature on NLR's prognostic value for GC, the underlying factors mediating its impact on survival remain unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of NLR in different prognostic models and subgroups, and investigate the mediating effects of immune infiltrates between NLR and survival.MethodsA total of 924 patients who underwent D2 lymph node resection were enrolled in this study. According to the level of NLR, patients were divided into two groups, the high and low NLR groups. Clinical parameters, indexes related to immune infiltrates, and survival were compared between the two groups. Prognostic models, interaction analysis, and mediating effects analysis were performed to investigate the clinical association of NLR, immune infiltrates, and survival.ResultsThe infiltration of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly different in the two NLR groups. The level of NLR was an independent prognostic predictor of GC. In addition, an interaction effect exists between NLR and MMR status on the prognosis of GC (p‐interaction <0.01). Lastly, the mediating effect analysis revealed that the infiltration level of CD3+ T cells was the mediating factor between NLR and survival (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe level of NLR is an independent prognostic predictor of GC. The effect of NLR on prognosis is partly mediated by CD3+ T‐cell infiltration.
Synergy Between Supported Metal Single Atoms and Nanoparticles and their Relevance in Catalysis
Authors: Serp Philippe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCatalytic active sites consisting in isolated metal single atoms can be found in enzymatic, homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts. In heterogeneous catalysis, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) may offer high reactivity and selectivity towards some reactions provided their local coordination environment and electronic properties are correctly tuned. These sites generally possess specific properties compared to metal nanoparticles or clusters. Because of the difficulty, inherent in supported catalysis, of preparing catalysts having a high homogeneity of active sites, these two species have had to coexist in many supported catalysts. If the current trend is often limited to comparing the reactivity of these two types of species, we will see in this mini‐review that for few years, work has highlighted a possible synergy between these species to improve catalytic performance. The different types of synergies are discussed, as well as challenges and opportunities for such catalysts in thermal‐, electro‐ and photo‐catalysis.
An introduction to ICD code development for pediatric neurology
Authors: Baker Monika J. , Bonkowsky Joshua L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveQuerying large data sets in the United States is challenging due to limitations of International Classification of Diseases 10th edition Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) codes. ICD codes were developed for tracking mortality and for billing purposes but are also the most widely used data structure to represent clinically significant and distinct disorders. We report an approach for developing new ICD codes based on our work creating new codes for leukodystrophies.MethodsImportant steps in ICD‐10‐CM code development include working with the ICD‐10‐CM Coordination and Maintenance Committee, a subset of the National Center of Health Statistics (NCHS); working to ensure the code has the best placement and is appropriate for submission; presenting the code and accompanying proposal (rationale) at a Coordination and Maintenance Committee Meeting; and requesting letters of support and addressing concerns raised by various groups.ResultsWe describe the historical development of ICD codes as well as their current hierarchical structure. Important features for successful code development included consulting future ICD‐11‐CM code structure; determining which codes are most important to the community; having a multidisciplinary approach; and obtaining organizational and institutional support.ConclusionFocusing on the clinical importance of leukodystrophy codes was important for their approval. Although challenging, there is a route for new code development, and we were ultimately successful in obtaining approval for 10 new leukodystrophy ICD‐10‐CM codes. Understanding ICD codes and their structure, considering their usage for clinical and research work, and appreciating how new codes can be developed is important for the pediatric neurology community.
Perspectives of Certified Crop Advisers on Pesticide Resistance Management
Authors: Dentzman Katherine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPesticide resistance presents serious agronomic, environmental, and socio‐economic threats that continue to grow despite significant research and outreach initiatives. Existing research on producers’ pest management decisions and behaviors suggests that they face a variety of barriers and limitations to best management practices. While we know an increasing amount about producers’ perspectives on, and management of, pesticide resistance, there is limited understanding of how their advisers think about and deal with the issue. A recent survey sent to U.S.‐based CCAs provides some insight into these questions. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.