bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the environmental factor of coexistence on the physical condition of people with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Cruz Carmen , del‐Cuerpo Indya , García‐Ramos Amador , Muñoz‐López Saray , Rubio‐Cabeza José , Roman‐Espinaco Andrés 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe main objective of this study was to compare the physical condition of people with intellectual disabilities living in residential homes (RH; restricted residential environment) versus independent homes (IH; family houses while performing paid work). The effect of gender on physical condition was also evaluated separately for each group.MethodSixty individuals with mild to moderate intellectual disability, 30 living in RH and 30 living in IH, participated in this study. The RH and IH groups were homogeneous in terms of gender distribution (17 males and 13 females) and intellectual disability level. Body composition, postural balance, and static and dynamic force were considered as dependent variables.ResultsThe IH group performed better in the postural balance and dynamic force tests compared to the RH group, but no significant differences between the groups were observed for any body composition or static force variable. Women in both groups tended to have better postural balance than men, while men presented higher dynamic force.ConclusionsThe IH group presented a higher physical fitness compared to RH group. This result emphasises the need to increase the frequency and intensity of the physical activity sessions commonly programed for individuals living in RH.
Retrieving records of a rare and threatened shark in a mosaic of marine‐protected areas of southeastern Brazil
Authors: Santos Paulo R. S. , Klafke Kaliandra , Gadig Otto B. F. , Garrone‐Neto Domingos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study the authors use the Fishers ecological knowledge (FEK) from the south coast of the São Paulo State, in southeastern Brazil, to recover records of Atlantic nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum), a threatened with extinction species, in a mosaic of marine‐protected areas (MPAs) of the south coast of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil, in the southernmost distribution of the species in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. For half a century, in the study area only one male of G. cirratum was officially recorded, in 1967. Retrieving records from artisanal fishers, recreational anglers, fishing guides and spearfishers added 30 more records of G. cirratum, including 2 recent captures (February/2022 and May/2022), especially around coastal islands that are covered by MPAs. Two uncommon fishing techniques, but which provided the highest number of records for the species, were documented. These are fishing nets and small longlines adapted for fishing close to the rocks, being an apparently traditional activity of a few natives of the region. As Brazil has a long history of intense catches of threatened elasmobranchs and problems with fisheries monitoring, the consideration of the FEK in the fisheries monitoring carried out by the authorities can be useful to promote improvements in data collection, especially of rare and endangered species such as G. cirratum. The strengthening of the protection of the MPAs and the articulation of research and management institutions with native people and tourists who use these areas should also be considered.
Newer glucose‐lowering drugs and risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Tang Huilin , Shao Hui , Shaaban C. Elizabeth , Yang Keming , Brown Joshua , Anton Stephen , Wu Yonghui , Bress Adam , Donahoo William T. , DeKosky Steven T. , Bian Jiang , Guo Jingchuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreclinical studies have suggested potential beneficial effects of newer glucose‐lowering drugs (GLDs) including dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs), and sodium glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, in protecting humans against cognitive decline and dementia. However, population studies aiming to demonstrate such cognitive benefits from newer GLDs have produced mixed findings. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the association between newer GLDs and risk of dementia in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsElectronic databases were searched up to March 11, 2022 to include observational studies that examined the association between DPP‐4 inhibitors, GLP‐1RAs, and SGLT2 inhibitors and risk of dementia (including all‐cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease [AD], and vascular dementia [VD]) in people with T2D. We conducted a random‐effects meta‐analysis to calculate the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for each class of newer GLD.ResultsTen studies (from nine articles) involving 819,511 individuals with T2D were included. Three studies found that SGLT2 inhibitor users had a lower risk of all‐cause dementia than non‐SGLT2 inhibitor users (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39–0.97). Five studies found that users versus nonusers of GLP‐1RAs were associated with a significant reduction in the risk of all‐cause dementia (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54–0.97). However, a meta‐analysis for AD and VD was unavailable for SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP‐1RAs because only one study was included for each drug. In seven studies, users vs. nonusers of DPP‐4 inhibitors were significantly associated with a decreased risk of all‐cause dementia (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74–0.94) and VD (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.47–0.75) but not AD (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.63–1.08).ConclusionNewer GLDs were associated with a decreased risk of all‐cause dementia in people with T2D. Because of the observational nature and significant heterogeneity between studies, the results should be interpreted with caution. Further research is warranted to confirm our findings.
Developmental factors influencing bone strength in precocial mammals: An infant pig model
Authors: Magrini Samantha H. , Mossor Angela M. , German Rebecca Z. , Young Jesse W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMost vertebrates are precocial in locomotion, able to walk and run soon after birth. Precociality requires a bony skeleton of sufficient strength to resist mechanical loading during early locomotor efforts. The aim of this study was to use an animal model—the preterm infant pig—to investigate some of the proximate factors that might determine variation in bone strength in precocial animals. Based on the prior literature, we tested the null predictions that skeletal integrity would be significantly compromised by truncated gestation (i.e., preterm birth) and reduced body mass at birth. We generated a suite of both morphometric measures (tissue mineral density and cross‐sectional geometry) and performance‐related metrics (ability to resist loading, deformation, and fracture during three‐point bending tests) of the appendicular skeleton of preterm and full‐term infant pigs. Results showed that very few measures in our ontogenetic infant pig sample significantly varied with either gestation length or birth mass. Overall, our results contribute to a growing body of literature demonstrating the early functional capacity of the precocial infant musculoskeletal system and suggest that bone strength in perinatal precocial mammals may be robust to the factors shown to compromise skeletal integrity in more altricial taxa.
The affective, behavioural and cognitive outcomes of agile project management: A preliminarymeta‐analysis
Authors: Koch Jan , Drazic Ivana , Schermuly Carsten C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAgile project management (APM) refers to a set of project management frameworks that are increasingly common in a range of industries. Even though the positive effects of APM for employees and organizations are widely assumed, no systematic account of affective, behavioural and cognitive outcomes appears in the academic literature. In this pre‐registered meta‐analysis, we examine the effects of APM based onK = 40 records (withk = 41 independent studies,N = 73,825). Our analyses indicate the beneficial effects of APM across outcomes: For the affective outcomes of job satisfaction, affective strain and organizational commitment, the effect sizes were, on average, small. For the behavioural outcomes of performance and innovative behaviour, the effect sizes were medium to large. For the cognitive outcome of psychological empowerment, the results of our meta‐analysis suggest a medium effect. Furthermore, we explore the moderating effects of contextual (team size, occupational groups, culture) and methodological boundary conditions (publication status, study design, levels of analysis, study quality). Compared to studies conducted with software developers, the effect sizes are stronger in other occupations, such as manufacturing, health care and logistics. Moreover, stronger effect sizes are found in published than in unpublished records. We conclude by discussing the state of quantitative APM research and highlight avenues for future study.
Acute and long‐term sleep measurements produce opposing results on sleep quality in 8 and 12 hour shift patterns in law enforcement officers
Authors: Sharma Leona , Pedlar Charles R. , Burgess Paul W. , Kanagasabai Sharlenee , Ronca Flaminia 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe occupational demands of law enforcement increase the risk of poor‐quality sleep, putting officers at risk of adverse physical and mental health. This cross‐sectional study aimed to characterise sleep quality in day workers, 8 and 12 h rotating shift pattern workers. One hundred eighty‐six officers volunteered for the study (37 female, age: 41 ± 7). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, actigraphy and the Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire. The maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) was measured on a treadmill via breath‐by‐breath analysis. There was a 70% overall prevalence of poor sleepers based on Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores, where 8 h shifts exhibited the worst prevalence (92%, p = 0.029), however, there was no difference between age, gender, or role. In contrast, 12 h shifts exhibited the poorest short‐term measures, including awakening from sleep (p = 0.039) and behaviour following wakefulness (p = 0.033) from subjective measures, and poorer total sleep time (p = 0.024) and sleep efficiency (p = 0.024) from the actigraphy. High VO2max predicted poorer wake after sleep onset (Rsq = 0.07, p = 0.05) and poorer sleep latency (p = 0.028). There was no relationship between the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores and any of the short‐term measures. The prevalence of poor sleepers in this cohort was substantially higher than in the general population, regardless of shift pattern. The results obtained from the long‐ and short‐term measures of sleep quality yielded opposing results, where long‐term perceptions favoured the 12 h pattern, but short‐term subjective and objective measures both favoured the 8 h pattern.
Dietary aflatoxin exposure of lactating mothers of children 0–6 months in Makueni County, Kenya
Authors: Ogallo Isaac O. , Kaindi Dasel W. M. , Abong George O. , Mwangi Alice M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe southeastern region of Kenya is prone to aflatoxin outbreaks, yet maternal and infant aflatoxin intake levels remain unclear. We determined dietary aflatoxin exposure of 170 lactating mothers breastfeeding children aged 6 months and below in a descriptive cross‐sectional study involving aflatoxin analysis of maize‐based cooked food samples (n = 48). Their socioeconomic characteristics, food consumption patterns and postharvest handling of maize were determined. Aflatoxins were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package Software for Social Sciences (SPSS version 27) and Palisade's @Risk software. About 46% of the mothers were from low‐income households, and 48.2% had not attained the basic level of education. A generally low dietary diversity was reported among 54.1% of lactating mothers. Food consumption pattern was skewed towards starchy staples. Approximately 50% never treated their maize, and at least 20% stored their maize in containers that promote aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxin was detected in 85.4% of food samples. The mean of total aflatoxin was 97.8 μg/kg (standard deviation [SD], 57.7), while aflatoxin B1 was 9.0 μg/kg (SD, 7.7). The mean dietary intake of total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1 was 7.6 μg/kg/b.w.t/day (SD, 7.5) and 0.6 (SD, 0.6), respectively. Dietary aflatoxin exposure of lactating mothers was high (margin of exposure < 10,000). Sociodemographic characteristics, food consumption patterns and postharvest handling of maize variably influenced dietary aflatoxin exposure of the mothers. The high prevalence and presence of aflatoxin in foods of lactating mothers are a public health concern and calls for the need to devise easy‐to‐use household food safety and monitoring measures in the study area.
Differences between adult and pediatric chronic spontaneous urticaria from a cohort of 751 patients: Clinical features, associated conditions and indicators of treatment response
Authors: Özçeker Deniz , Can Pelin Kuteyla , Terzi Özlem , Ornek Sinem Ayşe , Değirmentepe Ece Nur , Kızıltac Kübra , Sarac Esra , Kocatürk Emek 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common disease both in the pediatric and in the adult population. However, there are differences between the two patient populations with respect to etiological factors, comorbidities, and treatment responses. Our aim was to determine differences between pediatric and adult CSU in terms of clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, comorbidities, response to treatment, and indicators of response.MethodsA retrospective analysis of CSU patients was performed. Data regarding differences between pediatric and adult CSU patients were analyzed. Indicators of treatment response were determined separately in both pediatric and adult patients.ResultsOf 751 CSU patients (162 pediatrics and 589 adults), female dominancy (48.8% vs. 69.6%) and rate of angioedema (19.1% vs. 59.8%) were lower, and disease duration (5 months vs. 12 months) was shorter in pediatric patients. Anti‐TPO positivity (24.7% vs. 9%), elevated CRP (46.5% vs. 11.1%), eosinopenia (38.5% vs. 18.1%), and skin prick test positivity (39.3% vs. 28.8%) were significantly more frequent in adult patients. Response to antihistamines was higher in the pediatric group, and only 7% used omalizumab versus 20.8% in the adults. The comparisons were also performed between <12‐year and ≥12‐year patients and yielded similar results.ConclusionPediatric CSU shows distinct characteristics such as lower incidence of angioedema and antithyroid antibodies, and it responds better to antihistamines. These suggest that CSU becomes more severe and refractory in adolescents and adults. Adolescent CSU shows features similar to adult CSU rather than pediatric CSU.
Analyzing indirect economic impacts of wildfire damages on regional economies
Authors: Kim Euijune , Kwon Younghyun John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article estimates the economic impacts of wildfire damage on Korea's regional economies, developing an integrated disaster‐economic system for Korea. The system is composed of four modules: an interregional computable general equilibrium (ICGE) model for the eastern mountain area (EMA) and the rest of Korea, a Bayesian wildfire model, a transportation demand model, and a tourist expenditure model. The model has a hierarchical structure, with the ICGE model serving as a core module to link to three other modules. In the impact analysis of a wildfire, three external shocks are injected into the ICGE model: (1) the wildfire damaged area derived from the Bayesian wildfire model, (2) changes in travel times among cities and counties derived from the transportation demand model, and (3) variations in visitors’ expenditures derived from the tourist expenditure model. The simulation shows that the gross regional product (GRP) of the EMA would decrease by 0.25% to 0.55% without climate change and by 0.51%–1.23% with climate change. This article contributes to the development of quantitative linkages between macro and micro spatial models in a bottom‐up system for the impact analysis of disasters, integrating a regional economic model with a place‐based disaster model and the demands of tourism and transportation.
A comparison of the Sepsis‐2 and Sepsis‐3 definitions for assessment of mortality risk in dogs with parvovirus
Authors: Turley Kelsey , Bracker Kiko , Fernan Catherine , Gao Emily , Orsky Alexandra , Yang Danni , Sinnott‐Stutzman Virginia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of a modified Sepsis‐3 (mSepsis‐3) definition compared to the currently used modified Sepsis‐2 (mSepsis‐2) definition to determine whether the mSepsis‐2 or mSepsis‐3 stratifications were able to identify populations of dogs ultimately more likely to die from canine parvovirus (CPV) infection.DesignRetrospective, January 2009 to March 2020.SettingA private, small animal, urban, referral emergency and specialty hospital.AnimalsFifty‐nine client‐owned dogs hospitalized for treatment of CPV.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsDogs were divided into mSepsis‐2 and mSepsis‐3 categories based on the highest level of illness severity reached during hospitalization. Greater illness severity based on mSepsis‐2 criteria (ie, sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock) was associated with an increase in average length of stay (P < 0.001), increase in average cost of stay (P < 0.01), and presence of leukopenia (P < 0.05). An increase in illness severity within the mSepsis‐2 criteria was not associated with hyperlactatemia (P = 0.29), presence of neutropenia (P = 0.12), or mortality (P = 0.35). Greater illness severity based on mSepsis‐3 criteria (ie, infection only, sepsis, septic shock) was associated with an increase in mortality (P < 0.05), increase in average length of stay (P < 0.001), increase in average cost of stay (P < 0.01), presence of leukopenia (P < 0.01), and presence of neutropenia (P < 0.05). The mSepsis‐3 criteria were not associated with the presence of hyperlactatemia (P = 0.68). There was no significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors in the presence of leukopenia (P = 0.19), neutropenia (P = 0.67), or hyperlactatemia (P = 0.58).ConclusionsThe mSepsis‐3 diagnostic criteria appear to better identify dogs with CPV at higher risk for mortality compared to the mSepsis‐2 criteria.
Differentiation of an upper crustal magma reservoir via crystal-melt separation recorded in the San Gabriel pluton, central Chile
Authors: Payacán I. , Gutiérrez F. , Bachmann O. , Parada M.Á. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCrystal-melt separation has been invoked as a mechanism that generates compositional variabilities in magma reservoirs hosted within the Earth’s crust. However, the way phase separation occurs within such reservoirs is still debated. The San Gabriel pluton of central Chile is a composite pluton (12.82 ± 0.19 Ma) with wide textural/compositional variation (52–67 wt% SiO2) and presents a great natural laboratory for studying processes that occur in upper crustal magma reservoirs. Geochemical and geochronological data supported by numerical models reveals that shallow magma differentiation via crystalmelt separation occurred in magma with intermediate composition and generated high-silica magmas and cumulate residues that were redistributed within the reservoir.The pluton is composed of three units: (1) quartz-monzonites representing the main hosting unit, (2) a porphyritic monzogranite located at the lowest exposed levels, and (3) coarse-grained quartz-monzodiorites with cumulate textures at the middle level of the intrusive. Calculations of mass balance and thermodynamic modeling of major and trace elements indicate that &lt;40 vol% of haplogranitic residual melt was extracted from the parental magma to generate quartz-monzonites, and 50–80 vol% was extracted to generate quartz-monzodiorites, which implies that both units represent crystal-rich residues. By contrast, the monzogranites are interpreted as a concentration of remobilized residual melts that followed 30–70 vol% fractionation from a mush with 0.4–0.55 of crystal fraction. The monzogranites represent the upper level of a pulse that stopped under a crystal-rich mush zone, probably leaving a mafic cumulate zone beneath the exposed pluton. This case study illustrates the role of the redistribution of residual silicic melts within shallow magma reservoirs.
Intensive management increases flexibility in managing wood supply
Authors: Lieffers Victor J. , Pinno Bradley D. , Johnson Andrew , Hossain Kazi L. , Gooding Ted 
Published: February 2023

We modelled the potential impact of intensification of plantation management and thinning, on timber supply of an ∼500 000 ha forest in Alberta, Canada over a 200-year planning horizon. Pre-commercial and commercial thinning were applied to a portion of the better sites, which allowed shortening of the time to merchantability and earlier harvest than unthinned stands; less than 25% of the forest was thinned over the course of the plan. The sustainable harvest rate, represented here as the annual allowable cut (AAC), increased by ∼14% above baseline, when thinning was applied. Similarly, there was a 20.7% increase in AAC projected with the relaxation of even flow rules if thinning was also applied. Finally, thinning offset the expected decline in AAC after a 20-year surge in cutting of mature pine, designed to slow an epidemic of mountain pine beetle. In terms of wood supply, the volume extracted at thinning was <2% of annual supply but volume from final harvest from thinned stands, at times, surpassed that of unthinned stands of the forest. Individual tree size from thinned stands was ∼twice that from unthinned areas in the second part of the planning period, offsetting the expected decline in piece size after the era of harvest of natural forests.
An assessment of different alkali-activated cements as stabilizers of sulfate-bearing soils
Authors: Mavroulidou M. , Gray C. , Pantoja-Muñoz L. , Gunn M. J. 
Published: February 2023

The stabilization of sulfate-bearing soils with traditional calcium-based stabilizers is not recommended, as reactions between the calcium and sulfates in the presence of water could lead to soil heave. Alternative stabilization methods are therefore required, and this paper proposes innovative alkali-activated cements (AACs), whose use for soil stabilization and especially sulfate-bearing soils is little researched. To fill this knowledge gap, AAC systems with a ground granulated blast-furnace slag precursor and different alkaline activators, including commercial lime, wastepaper sludge ash (PSA), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium carbonate (K
2
CO
3
), were used to treat an artificial sulfate-bearing clay. AAC-treated clay specimens cured for 7 and 28 days, respectively, were soaked in water for 45 days; their one-dimensional swelling, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), pH and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) were measured and compared to those of specimens not exposed to water. Material characterization (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)) was performed to attest cementation and detect ettringite. In AAC systems, CaO/Ca(OH)
2
did not lead to specimen heave and damage, and developed the highest strengths. Potassium-based activators performed less well but combined PSA–K
2
CO
3
in time led to strength gain. Overall, AACs lead to greater strengths than lime only or lime and admixtures, and show promise as sulfate-bearing soil stabilizers.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Leading to Innovative Engineering Geology Practices collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/leading-to-innovative-engineering-geology-practices