bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary somatosensory cortex bidirectionally modulates sensory gain and nociceptive behavior in a layer-specific manner
Authors: Ziegler Katharina , Folkard Ross , Gonzalez Antonio J. , Burghardt Jan , Antharvedi-Goda Sailaja , Martin-Cortecero Jesus , Isaías-Camacho Emilio , Kaushalya Sanjeev , Tan Linette Liqi , Kuner Thomas , Acuna Claudio , Kuner Rohini , Mease Rebecca Audrey , Groh Alexander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is a hub for body sensation of both innocuous and noxious signals, yet its role in somatosensation versus pain is debated. Despite known contributions of S1 to sensory gain modulation, its causal involvement in subjective sensory experiences remains elusive. Here, in mouse S1, we reveal the involvement of cortical output neurons in layers 5 (L5) and 6 (L6) in the perception of innocuous and noxious somatosensory signals. We find that L6 activation can drive aversive hypersensitivity and spontaneous nocifensive behavior. Linking behavior to neuronal mechanisms, we find that L6 enhances thalamic somatosensory responses, and in parallel, strongly suppresses L5 neurons. Directly suppressing L5 reproduced the pronociceptive phenotype induced by L6 activation, suggesting an anti-nociceptive function for L5 output. Indeed, L5 activation reduced sensory sensitivity and reversed inflammatory allodynia. Together, these findings reveal a layer-specific and bidirectional role for S1 in modulating subjective sensory experiences.
Glycolytically impaired Drosophila glial cells fuel neural metabolism via β-oxidation
Authors: McMullen Ellen , Hertenstein Helen , Strassburger Katrin , Deharde Leon , Brankatschk Marko , Schirmeier Stefanie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeuronal function is highly energy demanding and thus requires efficient and constant metabolite delivery by glia. Drosophila glia are highly glycolytic and provide lactate to fuel neuronal metabolism. Flies are able to survive for several weeks in the absence of glial glycolysis. Here, we study how Drosophila glial cells maintain sufficient nutrient supply to neurons under conditions of impaired glycolysis. We show that glycolytically impaired glia rely on mitochondrial fatty acid breakdown and ketone body production to nourish neurons, suggesting that ketone bodies serve as an alternate neuronal fuel to prevent neurodegeneration. We show that in times of long-term starvation, glial degradation of absorbed fatty acids is essential to ensure survival of the fly. Further, we show that Drosophila glial cells act as a metabolic sensor and can induce mobilization of peripheral lipid stores to preserve brain metabolic homeostasis. Our study gives evidence of the importance of glial fatty acid degradation for brain function, and survival, under adverse conditions in Drosophila.
A median fin derived from the lateral plate mesoderm and the origin of paired fins
Authors: Tzung Keh-Weei , Lalonde Robert L. , Prummel Karin D. , Mahabaleshwar Harsha , Moran Hannah R. , Stundl Jan , Cass Amanda N. , Le Yao , Lea Robert , Dorey Karel , Tomecka Monika J. , Zhang Changqing , Brombacher Eline C. , White William T. , Roehl Henry H. , Tulenko Frank J. , Winkler Christoph , Currie Peter D. , Amaya Enrique , Davis Marcus C. , Bronner Marianne E. , Mosimann Christian , Carney Tom J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of paired appendages was a key innovation during evolution and facilitated the aquatic to terrestrial transition of vertebrates. Largely derived from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), one hypothesis for the evolution of paired fins invokes derivation from unpaired median fins via a pair of lateral fin folds located between pectoral and pelvic fin territories1. Whilst unpaired and paired fins exhibit similar structural and molecular characteristics, no definitive evidence exists for paired lateral fin folds in larvae or adults of any extant or extinct species. As unpaired fin core components are regarded as exclusively derived from paraxial mesoderm, any transition presumes both co-option of a fin developmental programme to the LPM and bilateral duplication2. Here, we identify that the larval zebrafish unpaired pre-anal fin fold (PAFF) is derived from the LPM and thus may represent a developmental intermediate between median and paired fins. We trace the contribution of LPM to the PAFF in both cyclostomes and gnathostomes, supporting the notion that this is an ancient trait of vertebrates. Finally, we observe that the PAFF can be bifurcated by increasing bone morphogenetic protein signalling, generating LPM-derived paired fin folds. Our work provides evidence that lateral fin folds may have existed as embryonic anlage for elaboration to paired fins.
Topographical influence of electrospun basement membrane mimics on formation of cellular monolayer
Authors: Jain Puja , Rimal Rahul , Möller Martin , Singh Smriti 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFunctional unit of many organs like lung, kidney, intestine, and eye have their endothelial and epithelial monolayers physically separated by a specialized extracellular matrix called the basement membrane. The intricate and complex topography of this matrix influences cell function, behavior and overall homeostasis. In vitro barrier function replication of such organs requires mimicking of these native features on an artificial scaffold system. Apart from chemical and mechanical features, the choice of nano-scale topography of the artificial scaffold is integral, however its influence on monolayer barrier formation is unclear. Though studies have reported improved single cell adhesion and proliferation in presence of pores or pitted topology, corresponding influence on confluent monolayer formation is not well reported. In this work, basement membrane mimic with secondary topographical cues is developed and its influence on single cells and their monolayers is investigated. We show that single cells cultured on fibers with secondary cues form stronger focal adhesions and undergo increased proliferation. Counterintuitively, absence of secondary cues promoted stronger cell–cell interaction in endothelial monolayers and promoted formation of integral tight barriers in alveolar epithelial monolayers. Overall, this work highlights the importance of choice of scaffold topology to develop basement barrier function in in vitro models.
Control variables of serum ferritin concentrations in hospitalized newborn infants: an observational study
Authors: Hisano Tadashi , Okada Junichiro , Tsuda Kennosuke , Iwata Sachiko , Saitoh Shinji , Iwata Osuke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBoth iron excess and deficiency are deleterious to cellular and organ homeostasis. Serum ferritin levels serve as a biomarker of iron storage; however, their distribution and determinants in sick newborn infants remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the reference range and independent variables of serum ferritin in hospitalized newborn infants. All newborn infants who were hospitalized at a tertiary neonatal center within 24 h of birth were retrospectively reviewed for the period of April 2015 through March 2017. Serum ferritin levels were assessed using venous blood samples obtained at admission and their independent variables were explored. The study population comprised 368 infants (36.2 ± 2.8 weeks gestation and 2319 ± 623 g at birth), whose median serum ferritin level was 149 µg/L (inter-quartile range: 81–236). The multivariable model used to explain serum ferritin values comprised hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, blood pH, and maternal hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (all p < 0.01, adjusted for sex and birth weight). Serum ferritin values in hospitalized newborn infants were comparable to those previously reported using umbilical cord blood. Our novel findings indicated the association between blood pH, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin levels, suggesting the influence of antenatal hypoxia–ischemia and stress to serum ferritin levels.
Burden of hospital admissions and resulting patient interhospital transports during the 2020/2021 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Saxony, Germany
Authors: Bender Katrin , Waßer Felix , Keller Yacin , Pankotsch Ulrich , Held Hanns-Christoph , Weidemann Robin R. , Kleber Christian , Höser Christoph , Stehr Sebastian N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSecondary transports of patients from one hospital to another are indicated for medical reasons or to address local constraints in capacity. In particular, interhospital transports of critically ill infectious patients present a logistical challenge and can be key in the effective management of pandemic situations. The state of Saxony in Germany has two characteristics that allow for an extensive evaluation of secondary transports in the pandemic year 2020/2021. First, all secondary transports are centrally coordinated by a single institution. Second, Saxony had the highest SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and the highest COVID-19 associated mortality in Germany. This study evaluates secondary interhospital transports from March 2019 to February 2021 in Saxony with a detailed analysis of transport behaviour during the pandemic phase March 2020 to February 2021. Our analysis includes secondary transports of SARS-CoV-2 patients and compares them to secondary transports of non-infectious patients. In addition, our data show differences in demographics, SARS-CoV-2- incidences, ICU occupancy of COVID-19 patients, and COVID-19 associated mortality in all three regional health clusters in Saxony. In total, 12,282 secondary transports were analysed between March 1st, 2020 and February 28th, 2021, of which 632 were associated with SARS-CoV-2 (5.1%) The total number of secondary transports changed slightly during the study period March 2020 to February 2021. Transport capacities for non-infectious patients were reduced due to in-hospital and out-of-hospital measures and could be used for transport of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Infectious transfers lasted longer despite shorter distance, occurred more frequently on weekends and transported patients were older. Primary transport vehicles were emergency ambulances, transport ambulances and intensive care transport vehicles. Data analysis based on hospital structures showed that secondary transports in correlation to weekly case numbers depend on the hospital type. Maximum care hospitals and specialized hospitals show a maximum of infectious transports approximately 4 weeks after the highest incidences. In contrast, standard care hospitals transfer their patients at the time of highest SARS-CoV-2 case numbers. Two incidence peaks were accompanied by two peaks of increased secondary transport. Our findings show that interhospital transfers of SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 patients differ and that different hospital care levels initiated secondary transports at different times during the pandemic.
Reanalyzing the genetic history of Kra-Dai speakers from Thailand and new insights into their genetic interactions beyond Mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Changmai Piya , Phongbunchoo Yutthaphong , Kočí Jan , Flegontov Pavel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThailand is a country where over 60 languages from five language families (Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Hmong-Mien, Kra-Dai, and Sino-Tibetan) are spoken. The Kra-Dai language family is the most prevalent, and Thai, the official language of the country, belongs to it. Previous genome-wide studies on Thailand populations revealed a complex population structure and put some hypotheses forward concerning the population history of the country. However, many published populations have not been co-analyzed, and some aspects of population history were not explored adequately. In this study, we employ new methods to re-analyze published genome-wide genetic data on Thailand populations, with a focus on 14 Kra-Dai-speaking groups. Our analyses reveal South Asian ancestry in Kra-Dai-speaking Lao Isan and Khonmueang, and in Austroasiatic-speaking Palaung, in contrast to a previous study in which the data were generated. We support the admixture scenario for the formation of Kra-Dai-speaking groups from Thailand who harbor both Austroasiatic-related ancestry and Kra-Dai-related ancestry from outside of Thailand. We also provide evidence of bidirectional admixture between Southern Thai and Nayu, an Austronesian-speaking group from Southern Thailand. Challenging some previously reported genetic analyses, we reveal a close genetic relationship between Nayu and Austronesian-speaking groups from Island Southeast Asia (ISEA).
Predicting 1-year mortality of patients with diabetes mellitus in Kazakhstan based on administrative health data using machine learning
Authors: Alimbayev Aidar , Zhakhina Gulnur , Gusmanov Arnur , Sakko Yesbolat , Yerdessov Sauran , Arupzhanov Iliyar , Kashkynbayev Ardak , Zollanvari Amin , Gaipov Abduzhappar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) affects the quality of life and leads to disability, high morbidity, and premature mortality. DM is a risk factor for cardiovascular, neurological, and renal diseases, and places a major burden on healthcare systems globally. Predicting the one-year mortality of patients with DM can considerably help clinicians tailor treatments to patients at risk. In this study, we aimed to show the feasibility of predicting the one-year mortality of DM patients based on administrative health data. We use clinical data for 472,950 patients that were admitted to hospitals across Kazakhstan between mid-2014 to December 2019 and were diagnosed with DM. The data was divided into four yearly-specific cohorts (2016-, 2017-, 2018-, and 2019-cohorts) to predict mortality within a specific year based on clinical and demographic information collected up to the end of the preceding year. We then develop a comprehensive machine learning platform to construct a predictive model of one-year mortality for each year-specific cohort. In particular, the study implements and compares the performance of nine classification rules for predicting the one-year mortality of DM patients. The results show that gradient-boosting ensemble learning methods perform better than other algorithms across all year-specific cohorts while achieving an area under the curve (AUC) between 0.78 and 0.80 on independent test sets. The feature importance analysis conducted by calculating SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values shows that age, duration of diabetes, hypertension, and sex are the top four most important features for predicting one-year mortality. In conclusion, the results show that it is possible to use machine learning to build accurate predictive models of one-year mortality for DM patients based on administrative health data. In the future, integrating this information with laboratory data or patients’ medical history could potentially boost the performance of the predictive models.
Embracing cohort heterogeneity in clinical machine learning development: a step toward generalizable models
Authors: Schinkel Michiel , Bennis Frank C. , Boerman Anneroos W. , Wiersinga W. Joost , Nanayakkara Prabath W. B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study is a simple illustration of the benefit of averaging over cohorts, rather than developing a prediction model from a single cohort. We show that models trained on data from multiple cohorts can perform significantly better in new settings than models based on the same amount of training data but from just a single cohort. Although this concept seems simple and obvious, no current prediction model development guidelines recommend such an approach.
Unraveling lignin degradation in fibre cement via multidimensional fluorometry
Authors: Hoque Mahfuzul , Kamal Saeid , Raghunath Sreenath , Foster E. Johan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPulp fibre reinforced cement (fibre cement) has the potential to become a forerunner in mitigating the carbon dioxide (CO2) footprint of non-structural materials for residential and commercial structures. However, one of the significant bottlenecks in fibre cement is its poor chemical stability in the alkaline cement matrix. To date, probing the health of pulp fibre in cement is lengthy and laborious, requiring mechanical and chemical separations. In this study, we have demonstrated that it is possible to understand the chemical interactions at the fibre-cement interfaces by tracking lignin in a solid state without using any additional chemicals. For the first time, multidimensional fluorometry is employed for the rapid assessment of the structural change (degradation) of lignin in fibre cement as an indicator of pulp fibre health; providing an excellent platform for the germination of resilient fibre cement with high content of natural lignocellulosic fibre.
Luminescent Pb-free perovskites: low-cytotoxicity materials for primary thermal sensing
Authors: Passini Luan N. , Maturi Fernando E. , Pugina Roberta S. , Hilário Eloísa G. , Fontes Marina , Barud Hernane S. , Carlos Luís D. , Caiut José Maurício A. , Manzani Danilo 
Published: May 2023

Novel luminescent In-based lead-free double halide perovskites co-doped with Yb3+/Er3+ have been synthesized. Their primary thermometer performance was assessed and their biological application to predict temperature was evaluated.
Nationale Register Urothelkarzinom (UroNAT) und Prostatakarzinom (ProNAT) von d-uo
Authors: Johannsen Manfred , Klier Jörg , König Frank , Schönfelder Robert , Doehn Christian , Schröder Jörg , Hempel Elke , Eichenauer Rolf 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDeutsche Uro-Onkologen e.V. (d-uo) verfolgen das Ziel, über die Dokumentation und wissenschaftliche Analyse der ambulanten Versorgung urologischer Tumorerkrankungen hinaus auch qualitätssichernde Maßnahmen sowie die Vertretung ökonomischer und sozialpolitischer Interessen der niedergelassenen Uro-Onkolog*innen in Deutschland zu organisieren.
Nachdem das Nationale Register Urothelkarzinom (UroNAT) seit Oktober 2021 aktiv ist, steht nun seit Oktober 2022 auch das Nationale Register Prostatakarzinom (ProNAT) von d-uo zur Verfügung. An diesen deutschlandweit geführten Registern können alle uro-onkologischen Behandler mitwirken, also Urolog*innen, Onkolog*innen und Krankenhäuser über ihre Klinikambulanzen. Mit diesen Nationalen Tumorregistern wird d-uo erneut seinem Anspruch auf profunde Datenerhebung gerecht.
Can Local Infiltration Influence Postoperative Recovery in Upper Blepharoplasty? A Case Series Study on Two Different Infiltration Methods
Authors: Dell'Avanzato Roberto , Agnelli Benedetta , Cambiaso-Daniel Janos , Gatti Jonatann , Gualdi Alessandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUpper blepharoplasty is a common aesthetic surgery procedure which is frequently performed wide awake, under local anesthesia. However, advancements concerning the patients' perception during and after the procedure are still needed. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a new method for local anesthetic infiltration in the upper eyelid comparing it to the traditional needle injections.A prospective, randomized, and clinical trial was conducted on 20 patients who underwent upper eyelid blepharoplasty in local anesthesia. After randomization, one eyelid was infiltrated using a Nanosoft technology needle, while on the contralateral side traditional needle injections were performed. Preoperative demographics, Fitzpatrick, and SNAP test were recorded. Postoperative patients visual analog scale (VAS) scores for both infiltration methods and ecchymosis and edema were recorded.Our results showed that the mean VAS scores for perceived pain were significantly lower on the eye infiltrated with Nanosoft technology (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the rate of postoperative ecchymosis and edema were also significantly lower with Nanosoft technology (p = 0.0012 and 0 = 0.0197, respectively). All 20 patients were satisfied with outcomes, and there were no major complications or need for a revision.Our case series study suggests that Nanosoft technology may be a more effective and efficient method for the local anesthetic infiltration in upper eyelid blepharoplasty in reducing discomfort and downtime for the patient.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Radiomics Nomogram to Predict Intraoperative Hemorrhage of Placenta Previa
Authors: Lu Yanli , Zhou Liping , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Yongmei , Chen Dali , Gu Yidong , Yue Yongfei 
Published: May 2023

Objective Placenta previa (PP) is associated with intraoperative and postpartum hemorrhage, increased maternal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based nomogram to preoperative prediction of intraoperative hemorrhage (IPH) for PP.
Study Design A total of 125 PP pregnant women were divided into a training set (n = 80) and a validation set (n = 45). An MRI-based model was built for the classification of patients into IPH and non-IPH groups in a training set and a validation set. Multivariate nomograms were built according to radiomics features. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the model. Predictive accuracy of nomogram were assessed by calibration plots and decision curve analysis.
Results In multivariate analysis, placenta position, placenta thickness, cervical blood sinus, and placental signals in the cervix were significantly independent predictors for IPH (all ps < 0.05). The MRI-based nomogram showed favorable discrimination between IPH and non-IPH groups. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the estimated and the actual probability of IPH. Decision curve analysis also showed a high clinical benefit across a wide range of probability thresholds. Area under the ROC curve was 0.918 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.857–0.979) in the training set and 0.866 (95% CI: 0.748–0.985) in the validation set by the combination of four MRI features.
Conclusion The MRI-based nomograms might be a useful tool for the preoperative prediction of IPH outcomes for PP. Our study enables obstetricians to perform adequate preoperative evaluation to reduce blood loss and cesarean hysterectomy.
Key Points
Visible-Light-Promoted Click [3+2] Cycloaddition of Aziridine with Alkyne: An Efficient Synthesis of Dihydropyrrolidine
Authors: Kapoor Ritu , Siddiqui I. R. , Chawla Ruchi , Verma Ankit , Keshari Twinkle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA photocatalytic [3+2] cycloaddition of aziridines with activated alkynes is reported under visible-light irradiation in the presence of ruthenium catalyst. This chemical transformation provides polysubstituted pyrrolidines in good yields based on the click chemistry philosophy. The reaction successfully represents a primary trial of cyclocarboamination through photocascade catalysis combining energy transfer and redox neutral reactions.
Exploring the Power of Sulfur, Silicon, and Organocatalysis: Innovative Strategies for Asymmetric Synthesis and Advanced Synthetic Methodology
Authors: Chein Rong-Jie , Chiu Kuei-Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis research Account describes the development of chiral organocatalysts, focusing on diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol and its derivatives as valuable tools in asymmetric transformations. The research also includes the discovery of a novel anionic Si→C alkyl migration method, which has been developed into a one-pot procedure for synthesizing (E)-chalcones from hydroxyamide and N,N-diethylcarbamates. The findings underscore the potential of sulfide and silicon as valuable reagents for organic synthesis and emphasize the importance of exploring new reaction pathways and mechanisms to discover novel synthetic methods.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of 2 and Sulfur Reagent as Chiral Lewis Acid3	Sulfur/Selenium Reagent as Chiral Lewis Base4	Anionic Si→C Alkyl Migration5	Conclusion