bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic‐Generated Seeds for Gold Nanotriangle Synthesis in Three or Two Steps
Authors: Podlesnaia Ekaterina , Gerald Inangha Princess , Vesenka James , Seyring Martin , Hempel Hans‐Jürgen , Rettenmayr Markus , Csáki Andrea , Fritzsche Wolfgang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNanoparticle synthesis has drawn great attention in the last decades. The study of crystal growth mechanisms and optimization of the existing methods lead to the increasing accessibility of nanomaterials, such as gold nanotriangles which have great potential in the fields of plasmonics and catalysis. To form such structures, a careful balance of reaction parameters has to be maintained. Herein, a novel synthesis of gold nanotriangles from seeds derived with a micromixer, which provides a highly efficient mixing and simple parameter control is reported. The impact of the implemented reactor on the primary seed characteristics is investigated. The following growth steps are studied to reveal the phenomena affecting the shape yield. The use of microfluidic seeds led to the formation of well‐defined triangles with a narrower size distribution compared to the entirely conventional batch synthesis. A shortened two‐step procedure for the formation of triangles directly from primary seeds, granting an express but robust synthesis is further described. Moreover, the need for a thorough study of seed crystallinity depending on the synthesis conditions, which – together with additional parameter optimization – will bring a new perspective to the use of micromixers which are promising for scaling up nanomaterial production is highlighted.
Free‐Standing Molecularly Thin Amorphous Silica Nanosheets
Authors: Yamamoto Eisuke , Fujihara Kosuke , Takezaki Yuma , Ito Kentaro , Shi Yue , Kobayashi Makoto , Osada Minoru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent progress in 2D materials has initiated new fields of molecularly thin amorphous materials with mysterious properties and structures. However, designed synthesis of molecularly thin amorphous silica still remains a challenge; whether free‐standing molecularly thin amorphous silica nanosheets can exist is unclear. Here, this issue is addressed by using a new chemical protocol; solid‐state surfactant lamellae with ordered alkyl‐chain arrangements can serve as superior templates guiding free‐standing amorphous silica nanosheets. Simple sonication of the lamellar hybrids allows exfoliation into monolayer amorphous silica nanosheets with 0.9 nm thickness. In addition, the nanosheets show the distinctive feature of high colloidal stability that enables atomic layer engineering of silica nanocoatings and dielectric nanofilms. The approach may shed new light on the properties and applications of old silica.
On the optimality of information sharing between integrated and vertically separated competitors
Authors: Battaggion Maria Rosa , Cerasi Vittoria , Karakoç Gülen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA manufacturer relies on an exclusive subcontractor for production and competes horizontally against an integrated rival that produces in‐house. The exclusive agent is privately informed about the marginal cost of production. When marginal costs are correlated across companies, information sharing benefits both companies due to reduced uncertainty, but it affects the contracting terms within the vertical hierarchy and creates horizontal externalities between companies. We show that the manufacturer who suffers from agency cost benefits more from sharing information than his rival performing in‐house production only when costs are highly correlated, and in this case, information sharing may actually benefit consumers.
CD146‐targeted nuclear medicine imaging in cancer: State of the art
Authors: Yang Qi , Huang Wenpeng , Hsu Jessica C. , Song Lele , Sun Xinyao , Li Cuicui , Cai Weibo , Kang Lei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe transmembrane glycoprotein adhesion molecule CD146 is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers. CD146 expression constitutes a marker of poor prognosis and correlates with cancer progression. Through molecular imaging, a specific biomarker's expression and distribution can be viewed in vivo non‐invasively. Radionuclide‐labeled monoclonal antibodies or relevant fragments that target CD146 may find potential applications in cancer imaging, thereby offering tremendous value in cancer diagnosis, staging, prognosis evaluation, and prediction of drug resistance. This review discusses the recent developments of CD146‐targeted molecular imaging via nuclear medicine, especially in malignant melanoma, brain tumor, lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Many studies have proved that CD146 targeting may present a promising strategy for cancer theranostics.
Assembling the Seabed: Pan-European and Interdisciplinary Advances in Understanding Seabed Mining
Authors: Chen Wenting , Peters Kimberley , Amon Diva , Baker Maria , Childs John , Conde Marta , Gollner Sabine , Magnussen Kristin , Mondre Aletta , Navrud Ståle , Singh Pradeep A. , Steinberg Philip , Willaert Klaas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter deploys assemblage theory and thinking to bring together a unique set of insights on the seabed ranging from the ecological, to legal, practice to theoretical. It does so with a particular aim in mind: to integrate debates pertinent to understanding the frontier space of the sea floor. Whilst there are increasing calls for interdisciplinary integration in the marine sciences, combining the natural and social sciences research on the space of the seabed and its potential for mining tends to be siloed with work addressing component parts of such possible processes: ecosystem and ecosystem service aspects, legal dimensions, and geopolitical aspects, to name but a few. Whilst these contributions touch upon intersecting issues (society and environment; law and economics, and so on) they remained centered on particular disciplinary and scientific offerings to understanding the seabed and prospect of seabed mining. This chapter offers a thoroughly ‘joined up’ approach, which presents a prism through which to better understand the issues at stake in venturing to the new vertical frontiers of ocean extraction.
Unmentioned Challenges of Finnish Teacher Education: Decontextualisation, Scientification and the Rhetoric of the Research-Based Agenda
Authors: Säntti Janne , Puustinen Mikko , Hansen Petteri 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFinnish teacher education has emphasised that academic standards and a research-based agenda are followed in the everyday activities of training teachers. Finnish teacher education has been recognised as a prime example of how to carry out teacher training. In our chapter, we reach beyond the myths and hype about Finnish teacher education with three interconnected concepts: decontextualisation, scientification and rhetoric. With these concepts, we expose unwanted side effects that have followed from pursuing academic standards. We also illustrate the swift transformation of Finnish teacher education.
Exploring wrong sign scenarios in the Yukawa-Aligned 2HDM
Authors: Kanemura Shinya , Mondal Tanmoy , Yagyu Kei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We discuss scenarios with wrong-sign (WS) Yukawa couplings for the discovered Higgs boson in the Yukawa-aligned two Higgs doublet model. In the WS scenario, Yukawa couplings for down-type quarks and/or charged leptons have an opposite sign as compared to those of the Higgs boson in the standard model, which can be consistent with current flavor data and the Higgs signal strengths. The phenomenology of additional Higgs bosons in such a scenario can be significantly different from that with right-sign Yukawa couplings, mainly due to a larger Higgs boson mixing to be required in the wrong-sign case. We show the parameter space which is excluded or explored by direct searches for the additional Higgs bosons at the current and high-luminosity LHC under the constraints from perturbative unitarity and vacuum stability. In particular, we find that most of the parameter space is explored in the WS scenario with the Type-X (lepton specific) Yukawa interaction which is a special case of the Yukawa alignment realized by imposing a softly-broken ℤ2 symmetry. We propose that multi-Higgs events from pair productions of the additional Higgs bosons can be the smoking gun signature to probe the WS scenario, and give the expected number of events at the high-luminosity LHC.
Dirac-boson stars
Authors: Liang Chen , Ren Ji-Rong , Sun Shi-Xian , Wang Yong-Qiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we construct Dirac-boson stars (DBSs) model composed of a scalar field and two Dirac fields. The scalar field and both Dirac fields are in the ground state. We consider the solution families of the DBSs for the synchronized frequency $$ \overset{\sim }{\omega } $$

ω
~

and the nonsynchronized frequency $$ {\overset{\sim }{\omega}}_D $$

ω
~

D

cases, respectively. We find several different solutions when the Dirac field mass $$ {\overset{\sim }{\mu}}_D $$

μ
~

D

and scalar field frequency $$ {\overset{\sim }{\omega}}_s $$

ω
~

s

are taken in some particular ranges. In contrast, no similar case has been found in previous studies of multistate boson stars. Moreover, we discuss the characteristics of each type of solution family of the DBSs and present the relationship between the ADM mass M of the DBSs and the synchronized frequency $$ \overset{\sim }{\omega } $$

ω
~

or the nonsynchronized frequency $$ {\overset{\sim }{\omega}}_D $$

ω
~

D

. Finally, we calculate the binding energy EB of the DBSs and investigate the relationship of EB with the synchronized frequency $$ \overset{\sim }{\omega } $$

ω
~

or the nonsynchronized frequency $$ {\overset{\sim }{\omega}}_D $$

ω
~

D

.
Two-loop form factors for pseudo-scalar quarkonium production and decay
Authors: Abreu Samuel , Becchetti Matteo , Duhr Claude , Ozcelik Melih A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present the analytic expressions for the two-loop form factors for the production or decay of pseudo-scalar quarkonia, in a scheme where the quarks are produced at threshold. We consider the two-loop amplitude for the process $$ \gamma \gamma \leftrightarrow {}^1{S}_0^{\left[1\right]} $$
γγ
↔

S
0

1

1

, that was previously known only numerically, as well as for the processes $$ gg\leftrightarrow {}^1{S}_0^{\left[1\right]} $$
gg
↔

S
0

1

1

, $$ \gamma g\leftrightarrow {}^1{S}_0^{\left[8\right]} $$
γg
↔

S
0

8

1

and $$ gg\leftrightarrow {}^1{S}_0^{\left[8\right]} $$
gg
↔

S
0

8

1

, which have not been computed before. The two-loop corrections to $$ gg\leftrightarrow {}^1{S}_0^{\left[1\right]} $$
gg
↔

S
0

1

1

are the last missing ingredients for a full NNLO calculation of ηQ hadro-production. We discuss how the singularity structure of the amplitudes is affected by the threshold kinematics, which in particular introduces Coulomb singularities. In this context, we first show how the usual structure of the infrared singularities degenerates at threshold kinematics, and then extract the anomalous dimensions governing the Coulomb singularities for colour-singlet and octet channels, the latter being presented here for the first time. We give high-precision numerical results for the hard functions, which can be used for phenomenological studies of ηQ production and decay at NNLO.
A dispersion relation for defect CFT
Authors: Barrat Julien , Gimenez-Grau Aleix , Liendo Pedro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a dispersion relation for defect CFT that reconstructs two-point functions in the presence of a defect as an integral of a single discontinuity. The main virtue of this formula is that it streamlines explicit bootstrap calculations, bypassing the resummation of conformal blocks. As applications we reproduce known results for monodromy defects in the epsilon-expansion, and present new results for the supersymmetric Wilson line at strong coupling in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. In particular, we derive a new analytic formula for the highest R-symmetry channel of single-trace operators of arbitrary length.
Investigation of the monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of benzoxathiolone derivatives
Authors: Prinsloo Izak F. , Petzer Anél , Cloete Theunis T. , Petzer Jacobus P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression and Parkinson’s disease represent significant challenges in healthcare. Enzymes that metabolise neurotransmitter amines are important drug targets for these disorders and inhibitors of these enzymes have played key roles as therapeutic agents. For example, inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A have been used for decades as antidepressant agents and act by inhibiting the central metabolism of serotonin and noradrenaline, while MAO-B inhibitors conserve central dopamine supply and have been used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Literature reports that benzoxathiolone derivatives act as potent MAO inhibitors with specificity for the MAO-B isoform. To expand on these findings, the present study synthesised series of benzoxathiolone derivatives and investigated their human MAO inhibition properties. The results showed that the benzoxathiolone derivatives were potent MAO inhibitors, with the most potent compounds exhibiting IC50 values of 0.083 and 0.086 µM (4d and 5e) and 0.0069 and 0.0066 µM (3a and 3b) for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Compounds 4d and 5e are significantly more potent MAO-A inhibitors compared to those reported previously. It may be concluded that benzoxathiolone derived compounds may act as future leads for the development of new treatments for depression and Parkinson’s disease.
Graphical Abstract
Effect of argon cold plasma composition on orthodontic bonding—new insights into input parameters and protocols
Authors: Alzahar Mostafa M. , Krey Karl-Friedrich , Doberschütz Philine H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Cold atmospheric plasma can functionalize enamel without damaging the substrate morphology. It therefore has the potential to be a gentle alternative to conventional acid etching. To realize the full potential of cold atmospheric plasma in orthodontic bonding, the input parameters and protocols that are most beneficial to surface modification must first be identified. We aimed to clarify how the admixture of oxygen to cold atmospheric plasma and the rewetting of the enamel affect the conditioning properties for orthodontic bonding.

Methods
First, we illustrated the morphological effects of different plasma compositions on the enamel surface by means of scanning electron microscopy. Then, we measured the shear bond strength resulting from different conditioning techniques on bovine enamel specimens: conventional acid etching; no conditioning; pure argon plasma; argon plasma plus 0.5% oxygen admixture; argon plasma plus 0.5% oxygen and rewetting after plasma application. Brackets were bonded using light cured adhesive; all specimens were subjected to thermocycling. The shear bond strength of each specimen was measured in a universal testing machine and compared using Welch one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Games–Howell post hoc test.

Results
Specimens conditioned with argon plasma plus 0.5% oxygen and rewetting showed a significantly higher shear bond strength than specimens conditioned with conventional acid etching. Conditioning with pure argon plasma and argon plasma plus 0.5% oxygen without rewetting yielded significantly lower shear bond strength.

Conclusion
Admixing 0.5% oxygen and rewetting the enamel after plasma application are crucial steps that could help make cold atmospheric plasma a gentle conditioning technique in orthodontic bonding.
Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces and subdural collections—when to evaluate for abuse
Authors: Raissaki Maria , Adamsbaum Catherine , Argyropoulou Maria I. , Choudhary Arabinda K. , Jeanes Annmarie , Mankad Kshitij , Mannes Inès , Van Rijn Rick R. , Offiah Amaka C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn infants without a history of trauma, subdural haemorrhages should raise the concern for an abusive head injury, particularly when they are associated with bridging vein clotting/rupture or with septations. However, non-haemorrhagic, fluid-appearing subdural collections (also called hygromas) may also be the result of abuse. Subdural collections have also been uncommonly observed in patients with benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces (BESS) and a few large-scale studies accurately investigate the incidence and the significance. Currently, there is a wide variation of practices in children with BESS and subdural collections. Due to the social risks associated with abuse evaluation and the perceived risk of radiation exposure, there might be a reluctance to fully evaluate these children in some centres. The diagnosis of physical abuse cannot be substantiated nor safely excluded in infants with BESS and subdural collection(s), without investigation for concomitant traumatic findings. The exact prevalence of occult injuries and abuse in these infants is unknown. In macrocephalic infants with subdural collections and imaging features of BESS, thorough investigations for abuse are warranted and paediatricians should consider performing full skeletal surveys even when fundoscopy, social work consult, and detailed clinical evaluation are unremarkable.
Peer review practices in academic medicine: how the example of orthopaedic surgery may help shift the paradigm?
Authors: Chloros George D. , Konstantinidis Christos I. , Vasilopoulou Anastasia , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To establish the current peer-reviewed practices in the discipline of orthopaedic surgery and correlate these to the journal’s impact factor. Unfortunately, this is not receiving much attention and a critical literature gap in various disciplines; thus, determining the current practices in the discipline of orthopaedic surgery could provide valid insight that may be potentially applicable to other academic medicine disciplines as well.

Methods
Orthopaedic surgery journals belonging to the Journal Citation Reports were queried, and the following was extracted: impact factor (IF) and blinding practices: single (SBPR), double (DBPR), triple (TBPR), quadruple (QBPR), and open (OPR) blinding review process and possibility of author-suggested reviewer (ASR) and non-preferred reviewer (NPR) options.

Results
Of the 82 journals, four were excluded as they allowed submission by invitation only. In the remaining, blinding was as follows: SBPR nine (11.5%), DBPR 52 (66.7%), TBPR two (2.6%), QBPR zero (0%), and OPR three (3.8%), and in 12 (15.4%), this was unclear. ASR and NPR options were offered by 34 (43.6%) and 27 (34.6%) journals respectively, whereas ASR was mandatory in eight (10.2%). No correlation between IF and any other parameter was found.

Conclusion
The rules of the “game” are unclear/not disclosed in a significant number of cases, and the SBPR system, along with the ASR (mandatory sometimes) and NPR, is still extensively used with questionable integrity and fairness. Several recommendations are provided to mitigate potentially compromising practices, along with future directions to address the scarcity of research in this critical aspect of science.
Functional Outcomes of Emergency Surgery for Perforated Diverticulitis, Hinchey Grade III
Authors: Samuelsson Andreas , Bock David , Prytz Mattias , Block Mattias , Ehrencrona Carolina , Wedin Anette , Angenete Eva , Haglind Eva 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic lavage as a treatment for perforated diverticulitis, Hinchey III, has been found safe and feasible in randomized trials. A few studies have reported functional outcomes and quality of life as secondary outcomes. This study investigated distress associated with dysfunction of the bowel or stoma, functional outcomes, and quality of life 2–3 years after surgery in a national unselected cohort.MethodsAll patients in Sweden who underwent emergency surgery for perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis (2016–2018) were invited to answer a comprehensive, study‐specific questionnaire 2–3 years after the index surgery.ResultsOut of 499 potential patients, 226 returned the questionnaire, and 209 were included in the analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between laparoscopic lavage and resection in distress associated with dysfunction of the bowel or stoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.32 [95% CI, 0.91–1.92];p = 0.015). Bowel dysfunction measured by the LARS score was significantly higher for the lavage group (OR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.11–2.45]), while stoma was more frequent after resection surgery (40 vs 6%).ConclusionsPatients experienced long‐term distress from bodily dysfunction after emergency surgery for perforated diverticulitis regardless of the technique used. Regular follow‐up could benefit these patients.Trial RegistrationThe project was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 2017–11‐06. Identifier: NCT03332550. Acronym: LapLav.
Revising diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in adults: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Felis-Giemza Anna , Chmurzyńska Kornelia , Kołodziejczyk Beata , Gazda Agnieszka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to assess how many adult patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treated with biologics fulfill classification criteria for adult rheumatic diseases and to evaluate the course of JIA in adulthood. 138 patients with JIA over 18 years old treated with biologics were included in a cross-sectional observative study. Among 138 adult patients with JIA treated with biologics, 81 patients remained with JIA diagnosis. 57 patients were rediagnosed. 31 patients met the criteria for spondyloarthropathy, among them 18 patients for ankylosing spondylitis, 10 patients for psoriatic arthritis, and 3 patients for non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed in 24 patients and adults’ Still disease in 2 patients. 84 patients of all adults with JIA received one biologic agent, 40 received two biologic agents, and 14 received three or more biologic therapies. 10 patients received biologic agents out of recommendations for JIA. Of the adult JIA patients treated with biologics, 41% met the classification criteria for adult inflammatory diseases. Spondyloarthropathy and rheumatoid arthritis were most commonly diagnosed. Nearly 40% of adult JIA patients required at least one modification of biological treatment. Therefore, it is worth considering a revision of JIA to adult-onset inflammatory disease entities, as it broadens the spectrum of disease-modifying drugs.