bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal hemoadsorption in critically ill COVID-19 patients on VV ECMO: the CytoSorb therapy in COVID-19 (CTC) registry
Authors: Hayanga J. W. Awori , Song Tae , Durham Lucian , Garrison Lawrence , Smith Deane , Molnar Zsolt , Scheier Joerg , Deliargyris Efthymios N. , Moazami Nader 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The CytoSorb therapy in COVID-19 (CTC) registry evaluated the clinical performance and treatment parameters of extracorporeal hemoadsorption integrated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) in critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure under US FDA Emergency Use Authorization.

Design
Multicenter, observational, registry (NCT04391920).

Setting
Intensive care units (ICUs) in five major US academic centers between April 2020 and January 2022.

Patients
A total of 100 critically ill adults with COVID-19-related ARDS requiring VV ECMO support, who were treated with extracorporeal hemoadsorption.

Interventions
None.

Measurements and main results
Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory values and outcomes were recorded following individual ethics committee approval at each center. Detailed data on organ support utilization parameters and hemoadsorption treatments were also collected. Biomarker data were collected according to the standard practice at each participating site, and available values were compared before and after hemoadsorption. The primary outcome of mortality was evaluated using a time-to-event analysis. A total of 100 patients (63% male; age 44 ± 11 years) were included. Survival rates were 86% at 30 days and 74% at 90 days. Median time from ICU admission to the initiation of hemoadsorption was 87 h and was used to define two post hoc groups: ≤ 87 h (group-early start, GE) and > 87 h (group-late start, GL). After the start of hemoadsorption, patients in the GE versus GL had significantly shorter median duration of mechanical ventilation (7 [2–26] vs. 17 [7–37] days, p = 0.02), ECMO support (13 [8–24] vs. 29 [14–38] days, p = 0.021) and ICU stay (17 [10–40] vs 36 [19–55] days, p = 0.002). Survival at 90 days in GE was 82% compared to 66% in GL (p = 0.14). No device-related adverse events were reported.

Conclusions
In critically ill patients with severe COVID-19-related ARDS treated with the combination of VV-ECMO and hemoadsorption, 90-day survival was 74% and earlier intervention was associated with shorter need for organ support and ICU stay. These results lend support to the concept of “enhanced lung rest” with the combined use of VV-ECMO plus hemoadsorption in patients with ARDS.
The effect of background noise and its removal on the analysis of single-cell expression data
Authors: Janssen Philipp , Kliesmete Zane , Vieth Beate , Adiconis Xian , Simmons Sean , Marshall Jamie , McCabe Cristin , Heyn Holger , Levin Joshua Z. , Enard Wolfgang , Hellmann Ines 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
In droplet-based single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq experiments, not all reads associated with one cell barcode originate from the encapsulated cell. Such background noise is attributed to spillage from cell-free ambient RNA or barcode swapping events.

Results
Here, we characterize this background noise exemplified by three scRNA-seq and two snRNA-seq replicates of mouse kidneys. For each experiment, cells from two mouse subspecies are pooled, allowing to identify cross-genotype contaminating molecules and thus profile background noise. Background noise is highly variable across replicates and cells, making up on average 3–35% of the total counts (UMIs) per cell and we find that noise levels are directly proportional to the specificity and detectability of marker genes. In search of the source of background noise, we find multiple lines of evidence that the majority of background molecules originates from ambient RNA. Finally, we use our genotype-based estimates to evaluate the performance of three methods (CellBender, DecontX, SoupX) that are designed to quantify and remove background noise. We find that CellBender provides the most precise estimates of background noise levels and also yields the highest improvement for marker gene detection. By contrast, clustering and classification of cells are fairly robust towards background noise and only small improvements can be achieved by background removal that may come at the cost of distortions in fine structure.

Conclusions
Our findings help to better understand the extent, sources and impact of background noise in single-cell experiments and provide guidance on how to deal with it.
PYloroplasty versus No Intervention in GAstric REmnant REconstruction after Oesophagectomy: study protocol for the PYNI-GAREREO phase III randomized controlled trial
Authors: Okada Naoya , Kinoshita Yoshihiro , Nishihara Shoji , Kurotaki Takuma , Sato Aya , Kimura Kotaro , Kushiya Hiroki , Umemoto Kazufumi , Furukawa Shotaro , Yamabuki Takumi , Takada Minoru , Kato Kentaro , Ambo Yoshiyasu , Nakamura Fumitaka 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
After esophagectomy for esophageal and esophagogastric cancer, more than half of patients have lost > 10% of their body weight at 12 months. In most cases, the gastric remnant is used for reconstruction after esophagectomy. One of the most serious nutritional complications of this technique is delayed gastric emptying caused by gastric remnant mobilization and denervation of the vagus nerve. The aim of the PYloroplasty versus No Intervention in GAstric REmnant REconstruction after Oesophagectomy (PYNI-GAREREO) trial is to analyze the clinical outcome of modified Horsley pyloroplasty (mH-P) as a method of preventing delayed gastric emptying.

Methods
The PYNI-GAREREO trial is designed as an open randomized, single-center superiority trial. Patients will be randomly allocated to undergo gastric remnant reconstruction with mH-P (intervention group) or no intervention (control group) in parallel groups. All patients with esophageal cancer or esophagogastric cancer planning to undergo curative minimally invasive esophagectomy will be considered for inclusion. A total of 140 patients will be included in the study and randomized between the groups in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome is the body weight change at 6 months postoperatively, and the secondary outcomes are the nutritional status, postoperative complications, functional outcome, and quality of life until 1 year postoperatively.

Discussion
We hypothesize that mH-P after minimally invasive esophagectomy more effectively maintains patients’ nutritional status than no pyloroplasty.

Trial registration
UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000045104. Registered on 25 August 2021. https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000051346.
Susceptibility‐guided sequential strategy versus empirical therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lu Kemei , Lang Cuicui , Zou Xuefei , Zang Lina , Sang WeiWei , Feng Qian , Mu Ying , Liu Lifeng , Xu Chunhong , Zhao Jingrun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
New treatment strategies are required against infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, which grows increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Polymerase chain reaction-based methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing are available for detecting H. pylori-specific mutations that confer resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Several meta-analyses have compared eradication rates for susceptibility-guided versus empirical therapy for H. pylori treatment; however, all have significant limitations and high heterogeneity, and the results are contradictory. The main objective of this trial is to assess whether a sequential strategy based on molecular susceptibility testing-guided therapy for H. pylori has a better eradication rate than empirical therapy.

Methods
This trial is designed as a prospective, randomised, open-label, active-controlled and single-centre study. Men and women who are H. pylori-positive, naïve to treatment, and aged 18–65 years will be recruited. A total of 500 participants will be randomised to receive either empirical therapy or a susceptibility-guided sequential strategy. Bismuth quadruple therapy will be the empirical first-line therapy, and in case of failure, high-dose dual (proton-pump inhibitor + amoxicillin) treatment will be the rescue therapy. For the susceptibility-guided sequential strategy, regimen selection will be based on H. pylori susceptibility to clarithromycin (first-line) and levofloxacin (rescue). A first-line treatment of clarithromycin triple therapy will be selected for clarithromycin-sensitive strains. For clarithromycin resistance, a high-dose dual therapy will be selected. During the rescue treatment, a levofloxacin quadruple regimen will be selected for levofloxacin-sensitive strains, and a furazolidone quadruple regimen will be selected for others. The primary outcome is the first-line eradication rate in both groups, and the overall (including first and rescue therapies) H. pylori eradication rate in both groups is one of the secondary outcomes. The eradication rates of H. pylori will be analysed by intention-to-treat analysis, modified intention-to-treat analysis, and per-protocol analysis.

Discussion
This randomised controlled trial will provide objective and valid evidence about the value of polymerase chain reaction-based molecular methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing in guiding H. pylori eradication.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05549115. Released on 18 September 2022. First posted on 22 September 2022. Enrolment of the first participant on 20 September 2022. The study is retrospectively registered.
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation: an educational review
Authors: Gitto Salvatore , Serpi Francesca , Messina Carmelo , Albano Domenico , Di Bernardo Andrea , Armiraglio Elisabetta , Cannavò Luca , Mazzoli Simone , Luzzati Alessandro , Parafioriti Antonina , Sconfienza Luca Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) is a surface-based bone lesion belonging to the group of benign chondrogenic tumors. The aim of this review is to familiarize the readers with imaging features and differential diagnosis of BPOP, also addressing pathological presentation and treatment options. The peak of incidence of BPOP is in the third and fourth decades of life, although it can occur at any age. Hands are the most common location of BPOP (55%), followed by feet (15%) and long bones (25%). On imaging, BPOP appears as a well-marginated mass of heterotopic mineralization arising from the periosteal aspect of the bone. Typical features of BPOP are contiguity with the underlying bone and lack of cortico-medullary continuity, although cortical interruption and medullary involvement have been rarely reported. Histologically, BPOP is a benign bone surface lesion characterized by osteocartilaginous proliferation with disorganized admixture of cartilage with bizarre features, bone and spindle cells. Differential diagnosis includes both benign—such as florid reactive periostitis, osteochondroma, subungual exostosis, periosteal chondroma and myositis ossificans—and malignant lesions—such as periosteal chondrosarcoma and surface-based osteosarcoma. Treatment consists of surgical resection. Local recurrences are common and treated with re-excision.Critical relevance statement Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation is a benign mineralized mass arising from the periosteal aspect of bone cortex. Multi-modality imaging characteristics, pathology features and differential diagnosis are here highlighted to familiarize the readers with this entity and offer optimal patient care.
Low let-7d microRNA levels in chick embryos enhance innate immunity against Mycoplasma gallisepticum by suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Sun Huanling , Zhao Wenqing , Wang Tengfei , Zou Mengyun , Han Yun , Sun Yingfei , Peng Xiuli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChick embryos are a valuable model for studying immunity and vaccines. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the molecular mechanism of the Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)-induced immune response in chick embryos for the prevention and control of MG. In this study, we screened for downregulated let-7d microRNA in MG-infected chicken embryonic lungs to explore its involvement in the innate immune mechanism against MG. Here, we demonstrated that low levels of let-7d are a protective mechanism for chicken embryo primary type II pneumocytes (CP-II) in the presence of MG. Specifically, we found that depressed levels of let-7 in CP-II cells reduced the adhesion capacity of MG. This suppressive effect was achieved through the activated mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1) target gene and the inactivated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Furthermore, MG-induced hyperinflammation and cell death were both alleviated by downregulation of let-7d. In conclusion, chick embryos protect themselves against MG infection through the innate immune molecule let-7d, which may result from its function as an inhibitor of the MAPK pathway to effectively mitigate MG adhesion, the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. This study may provide new insight into the development of vaccines against MG.
A mixed-field sources localization algorithm based on high-order cumulant matrix reconstruction for general symmetric array
Authors: Lin Wei , Jin Qiang , Ba Bin , Wang Yinsheng , Zhang Jin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSparse arrays are able to generate more lags to extend the array aperture, which is a distinct advantage in mixed-field localization. To exploit these lags, existing algorithms in the known literature can be mainly divided into two types: the subspace-based algorithm and the sparsity-based algorithm. However, the former algorithm cannot fully utilize the time delay information provided by sparse array, and the second algorithm has basis mismatch problem. In this paper, an interpolation processing method based on atomic norm is proposed to solve the sparse array localization problem. The high-order cumulant matrix is reconstructed by the interpolation method to generate an augmented cumulant matrix without holes, which can make full use of all the lags. Then, the atomic norm minimization method is used to recover the sparse matrix after interpolation in a gridless way. The matrix after recovery enables gridless direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. After the interpolation reconstruction, more lags can be exploited, the degrees of freedom are further increased. The proposed algorithm can not only make full use of the array receiving information but also avoid the base mismatch problem, and the accuracy of DOA estimation is improved. Numerical simulations verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared with the existing algorithms.
Inequalities for interval-valued Riemann diamond-alpha integrals
Authors: Bohner Martin , Nguyen Linh , Schneider Baruch , Truong Tri 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe propose the concept of Riemann diamond-alpha integrals for time scales interval-valued functions. We first give the definition and some properties of the interval Riemann diamond-alpha integral that are naturally investigated as an extension of interval Riemann nabla and delta integrals. With the help of the interval Riemann diamond-alpha integral, we present interval variants of Jensen inequalities for convex and concave interval-valued functions on an arbitrary time scale. Moreover, diamond-alpha Hölder’s and Minkowski’s interval inequalities are proved. Also, several numerical examples are provided in order to illustrate our main results.
Sexual violence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Rwanda: a 2020 nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Nuwabaine Lilian , Kawuki Joseph , Amwiine Earnest , Asiimwe John Baptist , Sserwanja Quraish , Gatasi Ghislaine , Donkor Elorm , Atwijukiire Humphrey 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Sexual violence against women is a global public health issue with both short- and long-term effects on the physical and mental health of women. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual violence and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in Rwanda.

Methods
We used secondary data from the 2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey of 1,700 participants, who were selected using multistage stratified sampling. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to explore factors associated with sexual violence using SPSS (version 25).

Results
Of the 1,700 women of reproductive age, 12.4% (95%CI: 11.0–14.1) had experienced sexual violence. Justified beating (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.16–1.65), not having health insurance (AOR = 1.46, 95%CI: 1.26–2.40), not being involved in healthcare decision-making (AOR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.99–2.70), having a husband/partner with primary (AOR = 1.70, 95%CI: 5.47–6.21) or no education (AOR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.21–3.37), as well as having a husband/partner who sometimes (AOR = 3.37, 95%CI: 1.56–7.30) or often (AOR = 12.87, 95%CI: 5.64–29.38) gets drunk were positively associated with sexual violence. However, women from male-headed households (AOR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.29–0.92) were less likely to experience sexual violence.

Conclusions
There is a need to demystify negative culturally-rooted beliefs favouring sexual violence, such as justified beating, as well as increase efforts to promote women’s empowerment and healthcare access. Moreover, engaging men in anti-sexual violence strategies is paramount to addressing male-related issues that expose women to sexual violence.
Comparison of tramadol and lornoxicam for the prevention of postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liao Xin , Xie Min , Li Shuying , Yu Xiaolan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD is a painful complication of intraoperative urinary catheterization after anaesthesia. We conducted this study to compare the effect of tramadol and lornoxicam for the prevention of postoperative CRBD.

Methods
One-hundred twenty patients (aged 18–60 years, ASA physical status 1–2, undergoing elective uterine surgery requiring intraoperative urinary catheterization were randomly divided into three groups with 40 patients in each group. Group T received 1.5 mg/kg tramadol, group L received 8-mg lornoxicam, and group C received normal saline. The study drugs were administered intravenously at the end of the surgery. The incidence and severity of CRBD were reported at 0, 1, 2, and 6 h after arrival at the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU).

Results
The incidence of CRBD was significantly lower in groups T and L than in group C at 1, 2, and 6 h after surgery. The incidence of moderate to severe CRBD was also significantly lower in groups T and L than in group C at 0, 1, and 2 h after surgery. The severity of CRBD reported as mild, moderate, and severe was reduced in groups T and L compared with group C at most times after surgery. Group T had a higher incidence of nausea than group C, and there were no differences in dizziness, drowsiness, or vomit among the three groups.

Conclusions
Tramadol and lornoxicam administered intravenously at the end of the surgery were both effective in preventing the incidence and severity of CRBD after uterine surgery. However, tramadol increased the incidence of nausea compared with saline, but there was no difference between tramadol and lornoxicam.

Trial registration
ChiCTR2100052003. Registered on 12/10/2021.
Higher synchronization stability with piano experience: relationship with finger and presentation modality
Authors: Ito Kanami , Watanabe Tatsunori , Horinouchi Takayuki , Matsumoto Takuya , Yunoki Keisuke , Ishida Haruki , Kirimoto Hikari 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Synchronous finger tapping to external sensory stimuli is more stable for audiovisual combined stimuli than sole auditory or visual stimuli. In addition, piano players are superior in synchronous tapping and manipulating the ring and little fingers as compared to inexperienced individuals. However, it is currently unknown whether the ability to synchronize to external sensory stimuli with the ring finger is at the level of the index finger in piano players. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of piano experience on synchronization stability between the index and ring fingers using auditory, visual, and audiovisual combined stimuli.

Methods
Thirteen piano players and thirteen novices participated in this study. They were instructed to tap with their index or ring finger synchronously to auditory, visual, and audiovisual combined stimuli. The stimuli were presented from an electronic metronome at 1 Hz, and the tapping was performed 30 times in each condition. We analyzed standard deviation of intervals between the stimulus onset and the tap onset as synchronization stability.

Results
Synchronization stability for visual stimuli was lower during ring than index finger tapping in novices; however, this decline was absent in piano players. Also, piano players showed the higher synchronization stability for audiovisual combined stimuli than sole visual and auditory stimuli when tapping with the index finger. On the other hand, in novices, synchronization stability was higher for audiovisual combined stimuli than only visual stimuli.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that improvements of both sensorimotor processing and finger motor control by piano practice would contribute to superior synchronization stability.
Beam filtration for object-tailored X-ray CT of multi-material cultural heritage objects
Authors: Kiss Maximilian B. , Bossema Francien G. , van Laar Paul J. C. , Meijer Suzan , Lucka Felix , van Leeuwen Tristan , Batenburg K. Joost 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is a powerful non-invasive tool to analyze cultural heritage objects by allowing museum professionals to obtain 3D information about the objects’ interior. These insights can help with the conservation or restoration of the objects, as well as provide contextual information on the objects’ history or making process. Cultural heritage objects exist in a wide variety and have characteristics which present challenges for CT scanning: multi-scale internal features, a diversity of sizes and shapes, and multi-material objects. Because X-ray absorption is related to the density, thickness of the material, and atomic composition, the challenges are greater when the object consists of multiple different materials with varying densities. This is especially true for cases with extreme density contrasts such as that between metals and textiles. An untailored acquisition of CT scans of multi-material objects can lead to reduced image quality and heavy visual errors called image artifacts, which can influence the perception or representation of information. A tailored acquisition can reduce these artifacts and lead to a higher information gain. In this work, we firstly discuss how the X-ray beam properties and the beam-object interaction influence CT image formation and how to use filters to manipulate the emitted X-ray beam to improve image quality for multi-material objects. We showcase that this can be achieved with limited resources in a low-cost DIY fashion with thin sheets of metal as filters, 3D-printed filter frames and a filter holder. Secondly, we give a qualitative analysis of the influence of the CT acquisition parameters illustrated with two case study objects from the textile collection of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. With this we provide insights and intuitions on tailoring the CT scan to the cultural heritage objects. Thirdly, we extract a general concept of steps for museum professionals to design an object-tailored CT scan for individual cases.