bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrips in genusMegalurothrips(Thysanoptera: Thripidae): biodiversity, bioecology, and IPM
Authors: Tang Liang-De , Guo Ling-Hang , Wu Jian-Hui , Zang Lian-Sheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCurrently, there are a total of 15 thrips species in the genus Megalurothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom and Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) are the most economically important pest species because of the serious damage they can do to leguminous crops, especially cowpea, which is an important grain crop for Africa and a vegetable crop for the rest of the world. Megalurothrips sjostedti is only distributed in Africa, while M. usitatus is widely spread in subtropical and tropical regions of the world and is more invasive. Nigeria is the only area where both thrips species are shared. Inexplicably, M. usitatus does not seriously damage cowpea in Africa. Bioecological characteristics indicated that M. usitatus adapts to a wider temperature and humidity range, which may result in its current geographic distribution. Since the 2010s, M. usitatus has received more attention and research. The integrated pest management (IPM) strategy of both thrips as case studies was reviewed in this paper, along with multiple complementary tactics, including agronomic measures, physical-chemical lure control, biological control, and chemical control, and insecticide resistance. Lessons have been learned from both M. sjostedti and M. usitatus, as well as from another widespread invasive thrips species, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), thus enhancing our overall understanding of the biology, ecology, and IPM practices of M. sjostedti and M. usitatus.
Re-educating thinking: philosophy, education, and pragmatism
Authors: Tubbs Nigel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
John Dewey stated that ‘[h]owever far apart philosophy and educational theory may later have become, in their beginnings they were strictly identical.' Dewey's ‘progressivism' in Democracy and Education rests on this communion. A self-reflective philosophical education by the community, about the community, for the community, would create the conditions for the advance of social justice. But new progressive ideas championing redistributive justice might appear to be in worryingly short supply. That is one reason, among many, why Philip Kitcher’s The Main Enterprise of the World is to be welcomed. His rethinking about education amounts to a radical re-education of our thinking about social justice, seeking redistribution of wealth, reduction of privilege, and a redefinition of what is valuable for people and planet in regard to production, distribution, and consumption. I will summarize his book and offer critical thoughts on it relating to three themes: the relation of his proposed Deweyan Society to some current and powerful criticisms of Western rationality; his proposals for classrooms; and the extent to which its own pragmatic philosophical justifications are open to deeper philosophical and educational significance.
Arming Hospital Ships of the Future: Hybrid Wars Require a Major Change
Authors: Baker Michael S , Baker Jacob B , Burkle Frederick M 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It is time to provide heavier defense systems to U.S. Navy hospital ships. They serve vital functions in both the military and emergency management spaces. They provide medical support for combat operations and can also convey the empathy and generosity of the American people when used in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief response. Hospital ships are often key to success in scenarios that require the international deployment of resources and medical expertise. Hospital ships serve a dual purpose and hence are subject to regulations that do not address all wartime mission requirements and necessary defensive capabilities. The current U.S. Navy’s interpretation of the Geneva Conventions regarding the visibility, lack of defensive capabilities, and inability to use encrypted communications needlessly endangers medical platforms and personnel in the modern environment.

Methods
The authors (including senior author F.M.B.—a recognized (International Health Law expert) reviewed relevant literature and have evaluated the policies of belligerent parties in past and current conflicts. These increasingly appear to target civilian infrastructure including medical facilities and may increase the risk to hospital ships. This demonstrable current hybrid warfare appears to include purposeful attacks on health care facilities and as such hospital ships should have additional defensive measures.

Results
Hybrid warfare and its focus on civilian infrastructure and health care targets are highly visible in the acts of both state and non-state actors and may encourage others to purposefully target health care facilities and personnel. Evidence of this is seen in the current Russian invasion of Ukraine, where since the invasion a year ago 1,218 Ukrainian health facilities have been damaged, including 540 damaged hospitals, 173 of which were totally destroyed and turned into “piles of stones.”

Conclusions
In today’s conflicted global environment, the clear identification of hospital ships leaving them relatively undefended and denying encrypted communication is the folly of a bygone era. Hospital ships may be targeted because they are brightly lit soft targets that can deliver a large payoff by their destruction. It is time to adapt to the global reality and move on from the tradition of painting hospital ships white, adorning them with red crosses, keeping them unarmed, maintaining open communications, and illuminating them at night. The increasing threats from hybrid warfare and unprincipled adversaries to medical platforms and providers of health care demonstrate that hospital ships must be capable of self-defense. The U.S. Navy is designing new platforms for medical missions and the debate, no matter how uncomfortable, must now occur among major decision-makers to make them more tactical and defensible.
The Funk of White Souls: Toward a Du Boisian Theory of the White Church
Authors: Mayrl Damon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article revisits the writings of W.E.B. Du Bois on the white church. Drawing on a synthetic reading of his scholarship on white Christianity, I argue that Du Bois conceives of the white church as a racialized organization that has been indelibly shaped by white supremacy. I then elaborate six mechanisms identified by Du Bois through which white churches further perpetuate white supremacy: legitimation, revisionism, inaction, segregation, missionary work, and charitable giving. Building on this analysis, I sketch a Du Boisian agenda for research on the white church and show how it can enrich scholarship in the sociology of religion, critical scholarship on race, and the Du Boisian renaissance more broadly.
From Male “Chance Narratives” to Female “Defeat Narratives”: Researchers in Catalonia Narrating the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on their Lives and Jobs
Authors: Rosàs Tosas Mar , Riba Caterina , Godayol Pilar , Pérez-Quintana Anna , Sanmartí Carme , Torralba Francesc , Pagès Anna , Pagès Bàrbara , Illa Patrícia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article proposes a three-fold typology to classify the narratives of forty-eight researchers in Catalonia describing the impact the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic had on their professional and personal lives: a “chance narrative,” which presents the pandemic as an occasion for growth; a “resistance narrative,” according to which the pandemic presents a burden, but one is skilled enough to navigate it successfully; and a “defeat narrative,” for which the pandemic deeply shattered one’s well-being. This analysis reveals that each narrative type is produced by researchers with certain sociodemographic features—defeat narratives were mostly produced by female researchers, holding precarious contracts, and assuming most of the increase of childcare and domestic work. These findings are consistent with studies revealing that the implementation of the “new fatherhood model” is limited and might orient the design of policies aimed at reducing gender discrimination in academia, both in Catalonia and beyond.
The antioxidant protein glutaredoxin 1 is essential for oxidative stress response and pathogenicity ofToxoplasma gondii
Authors: Li Ting‐Ting , Zhao Dan‐Yu , Liang Qin‐Li , Elsheikha Hany M. , Wang Meng , Sun Li‐Xiu , Zhang Zhi‐Wei , Chen Xiao‐Qing , Zhu Xing‐Quan , Wang Jin‐Lei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlutaredoxins (Grxs) are ubiquitous antioxidant proteins involved in many molecular processes to protect cells against oxidative damage. Here, we study the roles of Grxs in the pathogenicity ofToxoplasma gondii. We show that Grxs are localized in the mitochondria (Grx1), cytoplasm (Grx2), and apicoplast (Grx3, Grx4), while Grx5 had an undetectable level of expression. We generated Δgrx1‐5mutants ofT. gondiitype I RH and type II Pru strains using CRISPR‐Cas9 system. No significant differences in the infectivity were detected between four Δgrx(grx2‐grx5) strains and their respective wild‐type (WT) strains in vitro or in vivo. Additionally, no differences were detected in the production of reactive oxygen species, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activity, and sensitivity to external oxidative stimuli. Interestingly, RHΔgrx1or PruΔgrx1exhibited significant differences in all the investigated aspects compared to the othergrx2‐grx5mutant and WT strains. Transcriptome analysis suggests that deletion ofgrx1altered the expression of genes involved in transport and metabolic pathways, signal transduction, translation, and obsolete oxidation–reduction process. The data support the conclusion thatgrx1supportsT. gondiiresistance to oxidative killing and is essential for the parasite growth in cultured cells and pathogenicity in mice and that the active site CGFS motif was necessary for Grx1 activity.
Association Between Levels of Intensive Care and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for Sepsis Stratified by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores*
Authors: Ohbe Hiroyuki , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Doi Kent , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the association between levels of intensive care and in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized for sepsis, stratified by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at admission.

DESIGN:
A nationwide, propensity score-matched, retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
A Japanese national inpatient database with data on 70–75% of all ICU and high-dependency care unit (HDU) beds in Japan.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients hospitalized for sepsis with SOFA scores greater than or equal to 2 on their day of admission between April 1, 2018, and March 31, 2021, were recruited. Propensity score matching was performed to compare in-hospital mortality, and patients were stratified into 10 groups according to SOFA scores.

INTERVENTIONS:
Two exposure and control groups according to treatment unit on day of admission: 1) ICU + HDU versus general ward and 2) ICU versus HDU.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of 97,070 patients, 19,770 (20.4%), 23,066 (23.8%), and 54,234 (55.9%) were treated in ICU, HDU, and general ward, respectively. After propensity score matching, the ICU + HDU group had significantly lower in-hospital mortality than the general ward group, among cohorts with SOFA scores greater than or equal to 6. There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality among cohorts with SOFA scores 3–5. The ICU + HDU group had significantly higher in-hospital mortality than the general ward among cohorts with SOFA scores of 2. The ICU group had lower in-hospital mortality than the HDU group among cohorts with SOFA scores greater than or equal to 12. There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality among cohorts with SOFA scores 5–11. The ICU group had significantly higher in-hospital mortality than the general ward group among cohorts with SOFA scores less than or equal to 4.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients hospitalized for sepsis with SOFA scores greater than or equal to 6 in the ICU or HDU had lower in-hospital mortality than those in the general ward, as did those with SOFA scores greater than or equal to 12 in the ICU versus HDU.
Current Research of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Prevention and Treatment on Pathological Scars
Authors: Wang Yi-Xin , Wang Yan , Zhang Qian , Zhang Run-Dong 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Dermatologists have been looking for ways to improve wound healing and postoperative scar appearance. The safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) in the prevention and treatment on pathological scars have become the current research hotspot since it was approved by the US FDA in medical cosmetology in 2002.

PURPOSE
This article aims to provide an overview of the clinical research, limitations, and application prospects of BTXA in the prevention and treatment of traumatic or postoperative pathological scars, which can provide a reference and better understanding of relevant studies.

METHODS
The current research progress was summarized and discussed, with new problems and research ideas being proposed ranging from the molecular mechanism of BTXA in preventing and treating pathological scars to its clinical application via investigation and reference research.

RESULTS
BTXA is effective in relieving itching and pain associated with pathological scars, limiting scar hyperplasia along with preventing scar contracture, but the specific mechanism is still not clear.

CONCLUSION
Most of the clinicians have confirmed the clinical effectiveness of BTXA in the prevention and treatment of pathological scars, yet its mode of action and combination therapy need more research.
Efficacy and Safety of Extracellular Matrix on Wound Healing After Picosecond Laser Therapy
Authors: Li Anqi , Lin Xinwen , Mao Xuming , Sun Qiuning 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Extracellular matrix (ECM), a material with tissue repair function, is applied to treat various wounds. However, the role of ECM in facilitating wound healing after facial laser treatment remains elusive.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy and safety of ECM in promoting wound healing after picosecond laser therapy (PLT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighteen female subjects with benign pigmentation disorders were randomly assigned to the ECM (n = 9) and control groups (n = 9). After PLT, the ECM and control groups were treated with ECM and facial moisturizer in the first 7 days, respectively. The severity of erythema and edema was assessed using photographs. The duration of erythema, edema, scab shedding, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation incidence (PIH), and adverse events was documented in detail.

RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the ECM group had a shorter duration of erythema, edema, and scab shedding after PLT (p < .01). A significantly decreased severity of erythema (p < .05) and edema (p < .01) was found in the ECM group versus the control group, respectively. The PIH incidence in the ECM group was lower than in controls, albeit without statistical significance. No serious adverse events were observed during the follow-up.

CONCLUSION
Extracellular matrix is an effective and safe dressing for promoting wound healing after PLT.
Multimodality cardiovascular imaging in hypertension
Authors: Dong Tiffany , Faaborg-Andersen Christian , Garcia Mariana , Blaha Michael , Klein Allan L. , Gill Edward , Quintana Raymundo A. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of the review
Hypertension accounts for the largest proportion of cardiovascular (CV) mortality worldwide and its prevalence continues to rise. While prominent CV societies have offered strong recommendations on the management of hypertension in adults, the role of noninvasive CV imaging in the evaluation of hypertensive patients remains incompletely defined.

Recent findings
Noninvasive imaging is a rapidly expanding field with a growing number of sophisticated and readily applicable modalities to assess how cardiac structure and function changes after periods of sustained, elevated blood pressure. Echocardiography remains the initial modality to screen these patients while developments in nuclear, computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance complement and expand investigations for alternative diagnoses that may complement or conflict with the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Summary
In this review article, we summarize the application of echocardiography, nuclear imaging, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation and management of hypertensive heart disease.
Combination Therapy of Low-dose Steroids, Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil in Primary Membranous Nephropathy: A Single-center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhao Shujuan , Jia Lining , Cui Chenkai , Chen Zhao , Duan Zhaoyang , Gao Jie , Wei Linting , Xue Xiaodong , Lei Fuqian , Yang Yanyan , Liu Jing , Xu Peihao , Wang Rongrong , Wei Yang , Tian Xuefei , Fu Rongguo 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) is the most common pathological type of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Therefore, it is imperative to find a better combination therapy with fewer adverse effects for patients with pMN.

Methods:
This study enrolled 84 patients with biopsy-proven pMN and nephrotic syndrome. Thirty patients in the low-dose multitarget regimen (LDMT) group received low-dose glucocorticoids along with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil, and 54 patients in the prednisone plus intravenous cyclophosphamide regimen (PC) group received corticosteroids plus intravenous cyclophosphamide. The clinical efficacy and safety of the LDMT and PC regimens in treating pMN in adults were analyzed and compared.

Results:
The cumulative complete remission rate was 6.67%, 56.30%, and 83.14% at the 6th, 12th, and 24th month after treatment in the LDMT group, and 16.67%, 60.84%, and 81.02% in the PC group, respectively (P = 0.620). The generalized estimating equation analysis showed that the longer the treatment duration, the better the improvements in serum albumin and urinary protein levels, and hyperlipidemia (P = 0.0001). However, the serum creatinine levels in both groups remained stable during the treatment period. Meanwhile, the relapse rates were comparable between the two groups (21.43% vs. 22.00%, P = 0.953). Moreover, patients in the LDMT group showed fewer adverse events than those in the PC group (46.67% vs. 72.22%, P = 0.020).

Conclusions:
These data indicated that the low-dose multitarget regimen, which might be an alternative treatment choice for patients with pMN, had a more favorable safety profile and non-inferior efficacy compared with prednisone plus intravenous cyclophosphamide.
Comparison of efficacy according to voltage of pulsed radiofrequency treatment to lumbar dorsal root ganglion in patient with lumbar radiculopathy: Pilot study
Authors: Jang Jae Ni , Park Soyoon , Park Ji-Hoon , Song Yumin , Choi Sooil , Kim Young Uk , Park Sukhee 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Lumbar radicular pain (LRP) is a common symptom, but a challenging clinical problem. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is a more recently developed technique that uses short pulses of radiofrequency current with intervals of longer pauses to prevent temperature from rising to the level of permanent tissue damage and has been advocated in treatment of such patients. But there were no comparative studies on the analgesic effects according to output voltage during PRF in patients with LRP. The goal of this study is to determine the clinical effect of high-voltage (60V) versus standard-voltage (45V) PRF of lumbar dorsal root ganglion.

Methods/design:
This study will be a prospective, double-blind randomized controlled pilot study. In this study, total 20 patients will be recruited and distributed equally into 2 groups: high-voltage (60V) PRF, low-voltage (45V) PRF. Outcomes will be radicular pain intensity; physical functioning; global improvement and satisfaction with treatment; and adverse events. The assessments will be performed at the 3-month follow-up period after the end of the treatments. The findings will be analyzed statistically considering a 5% significance level (P ≤ .05).

Discussion:
The results of this trial will help determine which voltage could be applied for PRF to dorsal root ganglion in LRP and be a basis for subsequent trials.
Tissue and Cell Donation: Recommendations From an International Consensus Forum
Authors: Sánchez-Ibañez Jacinto , Humphreys Christine , Lomero Mar , Escoto Manuel , Weiss Matthew J. , Wilson Murray , López-Fraga Marta 
Published: April 2023

Background.
Organ, tissue, and cell donation and transplantation legislation and policies vary substantially worldwide, as do performance outcomes in various jurisdictions. Our objective was to create expert, consensus guidance that links evidence and ethical concepts to legislative and policy reform for tissue and cell donation and transplantation systems.

Methods.
We identified topic areas and recommendations through consensus, using nominal group technique. The proposed framework was informed by narrative literature reviews and vetted by the project’s scientific committee. The framework was presented publicly at a hybrid virtual and in-person meeting in October 2021 in Montréal, Canada, where feedback provided by the broader Forum participants was incorporated into the final manuscript.

Results.
This report has 13 recommendations regarding critical aspects affecting the donation and use of human tissues and cells that need to be addressed internationally to protect donors and recipients. They address measures to foster self-sufficiency, ensure the respect of robust ethical principles, guarantee the quality and safety of tissues and cells for human use, and encourage the development of safe and effective innovative therapeutic options in not-for-profit settings.

Conclusions.
The implementation of these recommendations, in total or in part, by legislators and governments would benefit tissue transplantation programs by ensuring access to safe, effective, and ethical tissue- and cell-based therapies for all patients in need.
InVitroBiocompatibility Evaluation of Acellular Porcine Dura mater Grafts and Native Dura
Authors: Sharma Ashma , Moore Erika , Williams Lakiesha N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDamage to the dura mater may occur during intracranial or spinal surgeries, which can result in cerebrospinal fluid leakage as well as other potentially fatal physiological changes. As a result, biological scaffolds derived from xenogeneic materials are typically used to repair and regenerate dura mater post intracranial or spinal surgeries. The extracellular matrix of xenogeneic dura scaffolds has been shown to exhibit better cell infiltration and regeneration than synthetic material. In this study, we investigated the biocompatibility of native and decellularized porcine dura. Cell proliferation, cell viability, and mechanical properties of dural grafts were evaluated post re-seeding on days 3,7, and 14. Live-dead staining and resazurin salts were used to quantify cell viability and cell proliferation, respectively. Micro indentation was conducted to quantify the mechanical integrity of the native and acellular dura graft. The results show that the acellular porcine dural graft provides a favorable environment for rat fibroblast cell infiltration. Cell viability, proliferation, and micro indentation results on the acellular grafts are comparable with the native control porcine dura tissue. In conclusion, the porcine scaffold material showed increasing viable cells at each time point. The mechanics and biocompatibility results provide promising insight into the potential use of porcine dura in future cranial dura mater graft applications.