bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counting independent sets in amenable groups
Authors: BRICEÑO RAIMUNDO 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGiven a locally finite graph$\Gamma $, an amenable subgroupGof graph automorphisms acting freely and almost transitively on its vertices, and aG-invariant activity function$\unicode{x3bb} $, consider the free energy$f_G(\Gamma ,\unicode{x3bb} )$of the hardcore model defined on the set of independent sets in$\Gamma $weighted by$\unicode{x3bb} $. Under the assumption thatGis finitely generated and its word problem can be solved in exponential time, we define suitable ensembles of hardcore models and prove the following: if$\|\unicode{x3bb} \|_\infty < \unicode{x3bb} _c(\Delta )$, there exists a randomized$\epsilon $-additive approximation scheme for$f_G(\Gamma ,\unicode{x3bb} )$that runs in time$\mathrm {poly}((1+\epsilon ^{-1})\lvert \Gamma /G \rvert )$, where$\unicode{x3bb} _c(\Delta )$denotes the critical activity on the$\Delta $-regular tree. In addition, ifGhas a finite index linearly ordered subgroup such that its algebraic past can be decided in exponential time, we show that the algorithm can be chosen to be deterministic. However, we observe that if$\|\unicode{x3bb} \|_\infty> \unicode{x3bb} _c(\Delta )$, there is no efficient approximation scheme, unless$\mathrm {NP} = \mathrm {RP}$. This recovers the computational phase transition for the partition function of the hardcore model on finite graphs and provides an extension to the infinite setting. As an application in symbolic dynamics, we use these results to develop efficient approximation algorithms for the topological entropy of subshifts of finite type with enough safe symbols, we obtain a representation formula of pressure in terms of random trees of self-avoiding walks, and we provide new conditions for the uniqueness of the measure of maximal entropy based on the connective constant of a particular associated graph.
Neonatal mortality of lambs in production systems in a semi-arid environment: main risk factors
Authors: Santos J. D. C. dos , Saraiva E. P. , Pimenta Filho E. C. , Neta G. C. X. , Morais L. K. C. , Teti H. S. , Fidelis S. S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe sheep farming has economic and sociocultural importance in semi-arid regions worldwide. Of the total of 1.2 billion sheep in the world, 0.4 are found in semi-arid regions. In this review, we have discussed the main risk factors for neonatal lamb mortality and its association with the prevailing environmental conditions of tropical semi-arid regions. Over the last decades, the average mortality rate of newborn lambs remained relatively constant (~15%) around the world. This rate is reported to be higher (Up to 30%) in small-scale sheep farming systems from developing countries. Overall, the main risk factors of neonatal mortality include low birth weight, dystocia, adverse weather conditions, inadequate milk, or colostrum supply, competition between siblings in multiple births, and poor expression of maternal behaviour. In tropical semi-arid regions, recent findings revealed that newborn lambs from hair coat sheep breeds are less vigorous to perform the first suckling when even exposed to moderate cold conditions (18–20°C). On the other hand, the high radiant heat load in these areas can also challenge the thermoregulation of ewes and newborn lambs, especially if they are kept in areas without protection against direct short-wave solar radiation. Under such circumstances, newborn lambs were reported to be hyperthermic. The heat stress as risk factor for neonatal lamb mortality is a topic that deserves more investigation, particularly in tropical semi-arid areas, where is expected to be drier and hotter as consequence of rapid advances in climate change.
Usefulness of post-operative endoscopic score for optimal treatment selection in recurrent eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Saito Takahiro , Okazaki Ken , Fushimi Katsuya , Tsuzuki Kenzo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study retrospectively analysed post-operative endoscopic scores to determine the optimal post-operative treatment in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery.MethodsIn total, 339 adults who underwent initial bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis were enrolled. Patients were divided into group A, which required no additional post-operative treatment; group B, which required local/systemic steroids post-operatively; and group C, which further required dupilumab and/or revision surgery.ResultsSixty-five per cent of patients could be treated with initial functional endoscopic sinus surgery (group A). Post-operative steroids were required in 35 per cent of patients with a post-operative endoscopic score of 30 per cent (group B). Further advanced treatments with dupilumab and/or revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery were required in 10 per cent of patients with a post-operative endoscopic score of 65 per cent (group C).ConclusionThe post functional endoscopic sinus surgery endoscopic score can be used as an index to determine treatment at the time of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis recurrence.
Metaquotation: Homer and the Emperor
Authors: Heslin Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor the emperor, quoting Homer was both a danger and an opportunity. Suetonius’ Lives shows that anecdotes of quotation circulated widely to characterise the emperor for good or for ill. Subsequently, these moments could themselves become the subject of allusion. If you quote a line of Homer that was famously quoted by the emperor, are you quoting the poet or Caesar? This phenomenon, whereby a poetic cliché could be reborn as charged reference to a prior use of that tag by a well-known figure, might be termed metaquotation. This ambiguity of reference was exploited throughout Seneca'sApocolocyntosis, and in turn by readers of that text in antiquity.
The role of morphological configuration in language control during bilingual production and comprehension
Authors: Liu Shuang , Huang Junjun , Schwieter John W. , Liu Huanhuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen bilinguals switch between their two languages, they often alternate between words whose formation rules in one language are different from the other (e.g., a noun-verb compound in one language may be a verb-noun compound in another language). In this study, we analyze behavioral performance and electrophysiological activity to examine the effects of morphological configuration on language control during production and comprehension. Chinese–English bilinguals completed a joint naming-listening task involving cued language switching. The findings showed differential effects of morphological configuration on language production and comprehension. In production, morphological configuration was processed sequentially, suggesting that bilingual production may be a combination of sequential processing and inhibition of morphological levels and language interference. In comprehension, however, bottom-up control processes appear to mask the influence of sequential processing on language switching. Together, these findings underscore differential functionalities of language control in speaking and listening.
Hippocampal adaptations in Mild Cognitive Impairment patients are modulated by bilingual language experiences
Authors: Voits Toms , Rothman Jason , Calabria Marco , Robson Holly , Aguirre Naiara , Cattaneo Gabriele , Costumero Víctor , Hernández Mireia , Juncadella Puig Montserrat , Marín-Marín Lidón , Suades Anna , Costa Albert , Pliatsikas Christos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBilingualism has been shown to contribute to increased resilience against cognitive aging. One of the key brain structures linked to memory and dementia symptom onset, the hippocampus, has been observed to adapt in response to bilingual experience – at least in healthy individuals. However, in the context of neurodegenerative pathology, it is yet unclear what role previous bilingual experience might have in terms of sustaining integrity of this structure or related behavioral correlates. The present study adds to the limited cohort of research on the effects of bilingualism on neurocognitive outcomes in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) using structural brain data. We investigate whether bilingual language experience (operationalized as language entropy) results in graded neurocognitive adaptations within a cohort of bilinguals diagnosed with MCI. Results reveal a non-linear effect of bilingual language entropy on hippocampal volume, although they do not predict episodic memory performance, nor age of MCI diagnosis.
Constraining Characteristic Morphological Wavelengths for Venus Using Baltis Vallis
Authors: Conrad J. W. , Nimmo F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOne of Venus' most enigmatic landforms is Baltis Vallis, the longest channel on the surface (∼7,000 km long). We identify a possible mid‐channel island that implies a south to north flow direction during formation. However, since the flow direction of Baltis Vallis is otherwise not well constrained, we analyze topographic conformity in both flow directions. In either case, topography appears to be altered across most analyzed wavelengths after the formation of Baltis Vallis. Fourier analysis shows two ranges of prominent wavelengths, 225 ± 15 km and ∼3,500 ± 1,200 km. The shorter wavelengths correspond to deformation belts that cross Venus' low plains. The longest is plausibly associated with the dynamic uplift wavelength of the crust by mantle plumes, but is less robustly detected. Higher resolution observations provided by the VERITAS and EnVision missions can help resolve the source location of Baltis Vallis and constrain if the longest wavelength postdated the canale's formation.
Hydrologic Connectivity and Patch‐To‐Hillslope Scale Relations in Dryland Ecosystems
Authors: Crompton O. , Katul G. , Lapides D. , Thompson S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn drylands, runoff during storms redistributes water and nutrients from bare soil areas to vegetated patches, subsidizing vegetation with additional resources. The extent of this redistribution depends on the interplay between surface roughness and permeability; greater permeability in vegetated patches promotes run‐on to vegetation, but greater surface roughness diverts runoff, producing tortuous flow paths that bypass vegetation. Here, this interplay is examined in virtual experiments using the 2D Saint Venant Equations to measure runoff connectivity. Flowpaths are delineated using tracers advected by the flow. Distances between tracer sources and sinks along flowpaths measure hydrologic connectivity at two lengthscales: connectivity to the hillslope outlet and within‐slope source‐sink connectivity. Differences between these connectivity lengthscales indicate how flow may “by‐pass” vegetated patches within hillslopes. At the hillslope scale, a derived power‐law relation between the runoff coefficient and outlet connectivity describes hillslope water losses, providing a foundation for identifying landscapes likely to shed water.
Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Evolution in the Northern Westfjords, Iceland, Elucidated by Iceland's Oldest Silicic Rocks
Authors: Banik Tenley J. , Coble Matthew A. , Miller Calvin F. , Fisher Christopher M. , Jordan Brennan T. , Vervoort Jeffrey D. , Carley Tamara L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIceland's oldest silicic rocks provide unique insight into the island's early crustal evolution. We present new zircon U‐Pb ages bolstered with zircon trace element and isotopic compositions, and whole rock Nd, Hf, and Pb isotope compositions, from three silicic magmatic centers—Hrafnsfjörður, Árnes, and Kaldalón—to understand the petrogenesis of large silicic volcanic centers in the northern Westfjords, Iceland. Our data confirm Hrafnsfjörður as the oldest known central volcano in Iceland (∼14 Ma) and establish an older age for Árnes (∼13 Ma) than previously estimated. We also report the first U‐Pb zircon dates from Kaldalón (∼13.5 Ma). Zircon oxygen isotope compositions range from δ18O∼+2 to +4‰ and indicate involvement of a low‐18O component in their source magmas. Hrafnsfjörður zircon Hf (mean sample εHf ∼ +15.3–16.0) and whole rock Hf and Nd (εHf = +14.5 to +15; εNd = +7.9 to +8.1) isotopic compositions are more radiogenic than those from Árnes (zircon sample εHf ∼ +11.8–13; whole rock εHf = +12.8 to +15.1; εNd = +7.3 to +7.7), but Hrafnsfjörður whole rock Pb isotope compositions (208/204Pb = 37.95–37.96; 206/204Pb = 18.33–18.35) are less radiogenic than those from Árnes (208/204Pb = 38.34–38.48; 206/204Pb = 18.64–18.78). Kaldalón has zircon Hf isotope compositions of εHf∼+14.8 and 15.5 (sample means). These age and isotopic differences suggest that interaction of rift and plume, and thus the geodynamic evolution of the Westfjords, is complex. Isotopic compositions of Hrafnsfjörður and Árnes support involvement of an enriched mantle (EM)‐like mantle component associated with a pulsing plume that resulted in variable spreading rates and magma fluxes and highlight the heterogeneity of the Icelandic mantle.
Absence of Large‐Scale Ice Masses in Central Northeast Siberia During the Late Pleistocene
Authors: Nørgaard Jesper , Margold Martin , Jansen John D. , Kurbanov Redzhep , Szuman Izabela , Andersen Jane Lund , Olsen Jesper , Faurschou Knudsen Mads 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOngoing speculation regarding the existence of large Late Pleistocene ice masses in Northeast Eurasia reflects the dearth of age constraints on glaciations across this vast region. Here, we report the first dates from the central part of Northeast Siberia, consisting of 22 cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages from boulders deriving from a sequence of three moraines in the Chersky Range. The dated moraine sequence indicates progressive contraction of maximum glacier extent from Marine Isotope Stage 6 to the Last Glacial Maximum, while the remotely‐sensed mapping indicates an older, more expansive glaciation in the region yet undated. Our results show that Late Pleistocene glaciations were limited to the highlands, and Northeast Siberia did not host a large, coalescent ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum or Marine Isotope Stage 6.
Circulating S100B levels at birth and risk of six major neuropsychiatric or neurological disorders: a two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Pan Mengyu , Roe James M. , Nudel Ron , Schork Andrew J. , Iakunchykova Olena , Fjell Anders M. , Walhovd Kristine B. , Werge Thomas , Chen Chi-hua , Benros Michael E. , Wang Yunpeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCirculating levels of the astrocytic marker S100B have been associated with risk of neuropsychiatric or neurological disorders. However, reported effects have been inconsistent, and no causal relations have yet been established. We applied two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) on the association statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for circulating S100B levels measured 5-7 days after birth (the iPSYCH sample) and in an older adult sample (mean age, 72.5 years; the Lothian sample), upon those derived from major depression disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BIP), autism spectral disorder (ASD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). We studied the causal relations in the two S100B datasets for risk of these six neuropsychiatric disorders. MR suggested increased S100B levels 5-7 days after birth to causally increase the risk of MDD (OR = 1.014; 95%CI = 1.007–1.022; FDR-corrected p = 6.43×10−4). In older adults, MR suggested increased S100B levels to have a causal relation to the risk of BIP (OR = 1.075; 95%CI = 1.026–1.127; FDR-corrected p = 1.35×10−2). No significant causal relations were found for the other five disorders. We did not observe any evidence for reverse causality of these neuropsychiatric or neurological disorders on altered S100B levels. Sensitivity analyses using more stringent SNP-selection criteria and three alternative MR models suggested the results are robust. Altogether, our findings imply a small cause-effect relation for the previously reported associations of S100B and mood disorders. Such findings may provide a novel avenue for the diagnosis and management of disorders.
FGF10 mitigates doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in mice via activation of FGFR2b/PHLDA1/AKT axis
Authors: Zhou De-pu , Deng Lian-cheng , Feng Xiao , Xu Hui-jing , Tian Ye , Yang Wei-wei , Zeng Ping-ping , Zou Li-hui , Yan Xi-hua , Zhu Xia-yan , Shu Dan-hua , Guo Qiang , Huang Xiao-ying , Bellusci Saverio , Lou Zhenkun , Li Xiao-kun , Zhang Jin-San 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDoxorubicin is a common chemotherapeutic agent in clinic, but myocardial toxicity limits its use. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 10, a multifunctional paracrine growth factor, plays diverse roles in embryonic and postnatal heart development as well as in cardiac regeneration and repair. In this study we investigated the role of FGF10 as a potential modulator of doxorubicin-induced cardiac cytotoxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Fgf10+/− mice and an inducible dominant negative FGFR2b transgenic mouse model (Rosa26rtTA; tet(O)sFgfr2b) were used to determine the effect of Fgf10 hypomorph or blocking of endogenous FGFR2b ligands activity on doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury. Acute myocardial injury was induced by a single injection of doxorubicin (25 mg/kg, i.p.). Then cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography, and DNA damage, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiac tissue were assessed. We showed that doxorubicin treatment markedly decreased the expression of FGFR2b ligands including FGF10 in cardiac tissue of wild type mice, whereas Fgf10+/− mice exhibited a greater degree of oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis as compared with the Fgf10+/+ control. Pre-treatment with recombinant FGF10 protein significantly attenuated doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis both in doxorubicin-treated mice and in doxorubicin-treated HL-1 cells and NRCMs. We demonstrated that FGF10 protected against doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity via activation of FGFR2/Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1 (PHLDA1)/Akt axis. Overall, our results unveil a potent protective effect of FGF10 against doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury and identify FGFR2b/PHLDA1/Akt axis as a potential therapeutic target for patients receiving doxorubicin treatment.
Inequalities in access to NHS primary care dental services in Scotland during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aminu Abodunrin Q. , McMahon Alex D. , Clark Claire , Sherriff Andrea , Buchanan Caroline , Watling Chris , Mahmoud Ahmed , Culshaw Shauna , Mackay William , Gorman Megan , Braid Raymond , Edwards Maura , Conway David I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroduction This study aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access and inequalities in primary care dental services among children and adults in Scotland.Methods Access was measured as any NHS Scotland primary care dental contacts derived from administrative data from January 2019 to May 2022, linked to the area-based Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation for children and adults, and related to population denominator estimates from National Record Scotland. Inequalities for pre-pandemic (January 2019-January 2020) and recent (December 2021-February 2022, and March 2022-May 2022) periods for both children and adults were calculated and compared using the slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality.Results Following the first lockdown (March 2020) there was a dramatic fall to near zero dental contacts, followed by a slow recovery to 64.8% of pre-pandemic levels by May 2022. There was initial widening of relative inequalities in dental contacts in early 2022, which, more recently, had begun to return to pre-pandemic levels.Conclusion COVID-19 had a major impact on access to NHS primary dental care, and while inequalities in access are apparent as services recover from lockdown, these inequalities are not a new phenomenon.
Chemotherapy impairs ovarian function through excessive ROS-induced ferroptosis
Authors: Zhang Shenghui , Liu Qin , Chang Mengyuan , Pan Ying , Yahaya Badrul Hisham , Liu Yanli , Lin Juntang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChemotherapy was conventionally applied to kill cancer cells, but regrettably, they also induce damage to normal cells with high-proliferative capacity resulting in cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, peripheral nerve toxicity, and ovarian toxicity. Of these, chemotherapy-induced ovarian damages mainly include but are not limited to decreased ovarian reserve, infertility, and ovarian atrophy. Therefore, exploring the underlying mechanism of chemotherapeutic drug-induced ovarian damage will pave the way to develop fertility-protective adjuvants for female patients during conventional cancer treatment. Herein, we firstly confirmed the abnormal gonadal hormone levels in patients who received chemotherapy and further found that conventional chemotherapeutic drugs (cyclophosphamide, CTX; paclitaxel, Tax; doxorubicin, Dox and cisplatin, Cis) treatment significantly decreased both the ovarian volume of mice and the number of primordial and antral follicles and accompanied with the ovarian fibrosis and reduced ovarian reserve in animal models. Subsequently, Tax, Dox, and Cis treatment can induce the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), likely resulting from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production-induced oxidative damage and impaired cellular anti-oxidative capacity. Thirdly, the following experiments demonstrated that Cis treatment could induce mitochondrial dysfunction through overproducing superoxide in GCs and trigger lipid peroxidation leading to ferroptosis, first reported in chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage. In addition, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment could alleviate the Cis-induced toxicity in GCs by downregulating cellular ROS levels and enhancing the anti-oxidative capacity (promoting the expression of glutathione peroxidase, GPX4; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1, HO-1). Our study confirmed the chemotherapy-induced chaotic hormonal state and ovarian damage in preclinical and clinical examination and indicated that chemotherapeutic drugs initiated ferroptosis in ovarian cells through excessive ROS-induced lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to ovarian cell death. Consequently, developing fertility protectants from the chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis perspective will ameliorate ovarian damage and further improve the life quality of cancer patients.
The HOXD9-mediated PAXIP1-AS1 regulates gastric cancer progression through PABPC1/PAK1 modulation
Authors: Li Jiaying , Pei Miaomiao , Xiao Wushuang , Liu Xuehua , Hong Linjie , Yu Zhen , Peng Ying , Zhang Jieming , Yang Ping , Lin Jianjiao , Wu Xiaosheng , Lin Zhizhao , Tang Weimei , Zhi Fachao , Li Guoxin , Xiang Li , Li Aimin , Liu Side , Chen Ye , Wang Jide 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been functionally characterised in various diseases. LncRNA PAX-interacting protein 1-antisense RNA 1 (PAXIP1-AS1) has reportedly been associated with cancer development. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that PAXIP1-AS1 was transcriptionally repressed by homeobox D9 (HOXD9) and was significantly downregulated in GC tissues and cells. Decreased expression of PAXIP1-AS1 was positively correlated with tumour progression, while PAXIP1-AS1 overexpression inhibited cell growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. PAXIP1-AS1 overexpression significantly attenuated HOXD9-enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis in GC cells. Poly(A)-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1), an RNA-binding protein, was found to enhance the stability of PAK1 mRNA, leading to EMT progress and GC metastasis. PAXIP1-AS1 was found to directly bind to and destabilise PABPC1, thereby regulating EMT and metastasis of GC cells. In summary, PAXIP1-AS1 suppressed metastasis, and the HOXD9/PAXIP1-AS1/PABPC1/PAK1 signalling axis may be involved in the progression of GC.