bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polydatin alleviates bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis and alters the gut microbiota in a mouse model
Authors: Yang Jia , Shi Xiawei , Gao Rundi , Fan Liming , Chen Ruilin , Cao Yu , Xu Tingzhen , Yang Junchao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo investigate the effect and mechanism of polydatin on bleomycin (BLM)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. The lung fibrosis model was induced by BLM. The contents of TNF‐α, LPS, IL‐6 and IL‐1β in lung tissue, intestine and serum were detected by ELISA. Gut microbiota diversity was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing; R language was used to analyse species composition, α‐diversity, β‐diversity, species differences and marker species. Mice were fed drinking water mixed with four antibiotics (ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole, vancomycin; antibiotics, ABx) to build a mouse model of ABx‐induced bacterial depletion; and faecal microbiota from different groups were transplanted into BLM‐treated or untreated ABx mice. The histopathological changes and collagen I and α‐SMA expression were determined. Polydatin effectively reduced the degree of fibrosis in a BLM‐induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model; BLM and/or polydatin affected the abundance of the dominant gut microbiota in mice. Moreover, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from polydatin‐treated BLM mice effectively alleviated lung fibrosis in BLM‐treated ABx mice compared with FMT from BLM mice. Polydatin can reduce fibrosis and inflammation in a BLM‐induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model. The alteration of gut microbiota by polydatin may be involved in the therapeutic effect.
Glucose dysregulation promotes oncogenesis in human bladder cancer by regulating autophagy and YAP1/TAZ expression
Authors: Li Shi , Ruan Banzhan , Wang Zhi , Xia Jianling , Lin Qi , Xu Ruoting , Zhu Hua , Yu Zhixian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlucose dysregulation is strongly correlated with cancer development, and cancer is prevalent in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying autophagy in response to glucose dysregulation in human bladder cancer (BC). 220 BC patients were included in this retrospective study. The expression of YAP1, TAZ and AMPK, EMT‐associated markers, and autophagy marker proteins was analysed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). Further, T24 and UMUC‐3 BC cells were cultured in media with different glucose concentrations, and the expression of YAP1, TAZ, AMPK and EMT‐associated markers, and autophagy marker proteins was analysed by western blotting and qPCR. Autophagy was observed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. BC cell viability was tested using MTT assays. A xenograft nude mouse model of diabetes was used to evaluate tumour growth, metastasis and survival. A poorer pathologic grade and tumour‐node‐metastasis stage were observed in patients with BC with comorbid T2D than in others with BC. YAP1 and TAZ were upregulated in BC samples from patients with T2D. Mechanistically, high glucose (HG) promoted BC progression both in vitro and in vivo and inhibited autophagy. Specifically, various autophagy marker proteins and AMPK were negatively regulated under HG conditions and correlated with YAP1 and TAZ expression. These results demonstrate that HG inhibits autophagy and promotes cancer development in BC. YAP1/TAZ/AMPK signalling plays a crucial role in regulating glucose dysregulation during autophagy. Targeting these effectors exhibits therapeutic significance and can serve as prognostic markers in BC patients with T2D.
USF1 regulated circPRDM4 modulates tumorigenesis and immune escape in chemoresistant cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Xing , Zhang Jun , Mao Lin , Wen Zou , Cao Mingliang , Mu Xuefeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCervical cancer (CC) represents a major global health concern, characterized by chemoresistance and immune evasion mechanisms. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which play a crucial role in cancer pathogenesis, particularly in the case of CC, have gained significant attention. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the functional significance of circRNAs in chemoresistant CC. A significant upregulation of circPRDM4 expression in chemoresistant CC cells. To investigate the functional consequences, we conducted circPRDM4 knockdown experiments, which resulted in the effective blockade of immune escape mechanisms employed by chemoresistant CC cells. Furthermore, circPRDM4 knockdown demonstrated a significant suppression of tumorigenesis in CC cells, highlighting its contribution to the oncogenic potential of CC. Investigating the regulatory mechanisms involved, we found that the transcriptional factor upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) acts as an inducer of circPRDM4 expression. Remarkably, USF1 was found to effectively modulate CC cell immune escape via its interaction with circPRDM4. Moreover, our results revealed that USF1 is intricately involved in CC cell tumorigenesis through the regulation of circPRDM4. Collectively, our study elucidates the significant roles of circPRDM4 and its upstream regulator USF1 in chemoresistant CC cells. These findings underscore the importance of circRNAs in CC pathogenesis and provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying immune escape and tumorigenesis.
The SlWRKY57‐SlVQ21/SlVQ16 module regulates salt stress in tomato
Authors: Ma Jilin , Li Chonghua , Sun Lulu , Ma Xuechun , Qiao Hui , Zhao Wenchao , Yang Rui , Song Susheng , Wang Shaohui , Huang Huang 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTSalt stress is a major abiotic stress which severely hinders crop production. However, the regulatory network controlling tomato resistance to salt remains unclear. Here, we found that the tomato WRKY transcription factor WRKY57 acted as a negative regulator in salt stress response by directly attenuating the transcription of salt‐responsive genes (SlRD29B and SlDREB2) and an ion homeostasis gene (SlSOS1). We further identified two VQ‐motif containing proteins SlVQ16 and SlVQ21 as SlWRKY57‐interacting proteins. SlVQ16 positively, while SlVQ21 negatively modulated tomato resistance to salt stress. SlVQ16 and SlVQ21 competitively interacted with SlWRKY57 and antagonistically regulated the transcriptional repression activity of SlWRKY57. Additionally, the SlWRKY57‐SlVQ21/SlVQ16 module was involved in the pathway of phytohormone jasmonates (JAs) by interacting with JA repressors JA‐ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins. These results provide new insights into how the SlWRKY57‐SlVQ21/SlVQ16 module finely tunes tomato salt tolerance.
Scale of Emotional Development – Short: reliability and validity in adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Flachsmeyer M. , Sterkenburg P. , Barrett B. , Zaal S. , Vonk J. , Morisse F. , Gaese F. , Heinrich M. , Sappok T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) is often associated with delays in emotional development (ED). The Scale of Emotional Development – Short (SED‐S) was developed to assess the level of ED and to adapt treatment and care accordingly.MethodsIn a sample of 724 adults from five study sites in three countries, a confirmatory factor analysis with a one‐factor model was conducted on the entire dataset as well as in different subgroups. Furthermore, internal consistency was investigated using Cronbach's alpha.ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a single‐factor model fits the SED‐S data well. The subgroup analyses revealed good model fit, regardless of the severity of ID and irrespective of sex or the presence of autism spectrum disorder or psychiatric disorders. Internal consistency was excellent for the entire sample (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and various subgroups (0.869–0.938).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the SED‐S is psychometrically sound and can be used to assess the level of ED in adults with ID.
Establishing a veterinary anatomy core syllabus through a modified Delphi process
Authors: Gummery Erica , Singh Miren , Channon Sarah B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnatomy forms a key component of veterinary curricula, but, in the context of an evolving profession, curricula are adapting and changing accordingly. There is a lack of guidance for educators regarding the levels of anatomical knowledge required for a graduate to be considered safe or competent. A formal review of veterinary anatomy learning outcomes (LOs) is therefore timely to support curriculum development in this rapidly evolving field. This study aimed to create a set of LOs which reflect the recommended core requirements for a new graduate veterinarian. A consensus approach using a modified Delphi method was used. The Delphi panel consisted of 23 experienced and active veterinary anatomy educators from veterinary schools within the UK and Ireland. The process had four stages: (1) Research team review, pre‐screening and modification of a list of existing LOs (adapted from the Core Regional Anatomy Syllabus) which then formed the initial set of outcomes sent for review; (2) Delphi Round 1; (3) Delphi Round 2; (4) Post‐Delphi final screening and review. Qualitative data outlining the rationale for modification and rejection of LOs were analysed via content analysis. 167 LOs were initially presented to the Delphi panel in Round 1. 64 of those were accepted, 79 recommended for modification and 23 rejected. 122 LOs were presented to the Delphi panel in Round 2. Of these, 86 outcomes were accepted, 10 modified and 26 rejected. 160 LOs were ultimately accepted and form the Veterinary Anatomy Core Syllabus. Key themes arising from analysis include the removal of unnecessary detail and increased focus on the relevance of competencies required of a new veterinary graduate. The syllabus presented may be used by curriculum planners, teachers and students within veterinary education worldwide.
Abnormal maxillary sinus diagnosing on CBCT images via object detection and ‘straight‐forward’ classification deep learning strategy
Authors: Zeng Peisheng , Song Rihui , Lin Yixiong , Li Haopeng , Chen Shijie , Shi Mengru , Cai Gengbin , Gong Zhuohong , Huang Kai , Chen Zetao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPathological maxillary sinus would affect implant treatment and even result in failure of maxillary sinus lift and implant surgery. However, the maxillary sinus abnormalities are challenging to be diagnosed through CBCT images, especially for young dentists or dentists in grassroots medical institutions without systematical education of general medicine.ObjectivesTo develop a deep‐learning‐based screening model incorporating object detection and ‘straight‐forward’ classification strategy to screen out maxillary sinus abnormalities on CBCT images.MethodsThe large area of background noise outside maxillary sinus would affect the generalisation and prediction accuracy of the model, and the diversity and imbalanced distribution of imaging manifestations may bring challenges to intellectualization. Thus we adopted an object detection to limit model's observation zone and ‘straight‐forward’ classification strategy with various tuning methods to adapt to dental clinical need and extract typical features of diverse manifestations so that turn the task into a ‘normal‐or‐not’ classification.ResultsWe successfully constructed a deep‐learning model consist of well‐trained detector and diagnostor module. This model achieved ideal AUROC and AUPRC of 0.953 and 0.887, reaching more than 90% accuracy at optimal cut‐off. McNemar and Kappa test verified no statistical difference and high consistency between the prediction and ground truth. Dentist‐model comparison test showed the model's statistically higher diagnostic performance than dental students. Visualisation method confirmed the model's effectiveness in region recognition and feature extraction.ConclusionThe deep‐learning model incorporating object detection and straightforward classification strategy could achieve satisfying predictive performance for screening maxillary sinus abnormalities on CBCT images.
Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) increase caecal calcium absorption at increasing dietary calcium levels
Authors: Liesegang Annette , Burger Bettina , de Vries de Heekelingen Thérèse , Schroeter‐Vogt Corinne , Hatt Jean‐Michel , Kowalewski Mariusz P. , Clauss Marcus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHindgut fermenting herbivores from different vertebrate taxa, including tortoises, and among mammals some afrotheria, perissodactyla incl. equids, several rodents as well as lagomorphs absorb more calcium (Ca) from the digesta than they require, and excrete the surplus via urine. Both proximate and ultimate causes are elusive. It was suggested that this mechanism might ensure phosphorus availability for the hindgut microbiome by removing potentially complex‐building Ca from the digesta. Here we use Ussing chamber experiments to show that rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) maintained on four different diets (six animals/diet) increase active Ca absorption at increasing Ca levels. This contradicts the common assumption that at higher dietary levels, where passive uptake should be more prevalent, active transport can relax and hence supports the deliberate removal hypothesis. In the rabbits, this absorption was distinctively higher in the caecum than in the duodenum, which is unexpected in mammals. Additional quantification of the presence of two proteins involved in active Ca absorption (calbindin‐D9K CB; vitamin D receptor, VDR) showed higher presence with higher dietary Ca. However, their detailed distribution across the intestinal tract and the diet groups suggests that other factors not investigated in this study must play major roles in Ca absorption in rabbits. Investigating strategies of herbivores to mitigate potential negative effects of Ca in the digesta on microbial activity and growth might represent a promising area of future research.
Learning to see modern slavery in supply chains through paradoxical sensemaking
Authors: Pinnington Bruce , Meehan Joanne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMandatory annual reporting, to improve transparency of working conditions in firms' supply chains, is the favored approach of UK policymakers for reducing modern slavery risks in supply chains. Despite legislation and extensive guidance, annual corporate statements are disappointing, providing little evidence of substantive action. So far though, there has been little primary research of managers' understanding of the phenomenon or their perceived agency in tackling modern slavery. In a qualitative study, employing template analysis, data were drawn from multiple sources, including interviews with 32 managers from three large UK firms in a complex, high‐risk sector (construction). Four focus groups were used to establish credibility of the findings. As managers struggle with how to make sense of where to look, how to look, and what to see, they adopt narrowed perspectives and analogies that inhibit immediate, compelling action. Improved awareness of UK labor supply chain issues has distanced managers further from action relating to global material supply chains. Through analogy with health and safety legislation, which developed over a considerable period, managers justify a wait‐and‐see approach, deferring action. Such convenience framing helps them to avoid issues relating to complexity, control, cost, and (in)visibility. This framing needs to be disrupted for meaningful action to result. Drawing on sensemaking theory relating to paradoxical financial and sustainability objectives, the study suggests how extended legislation and governance may drive more substantive responses that transcend the constraints of business‐case logic.
Loss of attachments in patients during orthodontic therapy with clear aligners: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Li Qiuying , Yang Kai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the loss rate of attachments and investigate its probable influencing factors in patients during orthodontic therapy with clear aligners.Materials and MethodsA total of 55 patients treated with clear aligners were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. The loss rate of attachments was evaluated after a 6‐month follow‐up since the initial bonding was finished. The attachment survival curves were gone through Kaplan–Meier estimates. The Cox regression model with shared frailty was conducted to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) for the following factors, including sex, age, dental malocclusion, vertical skeletal pattern, anterior overbite, operators, tooth extraction, attachment amount, arch, tooth position and attachment type.ResultsThere were a total of 47 patients (14 males and 33 females; and mean age: 26.77 ± 8.45) in which 722 attachments were involved in the final analysis. During the 6‐month follow‐up, 99 attachments were lost by 40 participants. The overall loss rate was 13.7%. The loss of attachments was more common in the early months of therapy. During the first 2 months, 71 attachments were lost. The loss rate of attachments was not significantly affected by sex, age, dental malocclusion, vertical skeletal pattern, anterior overbite, operators, tooth extraction, attachment amount and attachment type (P > 0.05). The loss rate of mandibular attachments was 1.8 times that of maxillary attachments (HR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.8; P = 0.009). The loss rate of molar attachments was 5.5 times that of incisor attachments (HR = 5.5; 95% CI: 1.6–19; P = 0.007).ConclusionDuring the first 6 months, the overall loss rate of attachments was 13.7%. In the early months of therapy, loss of attachments was more common. The loss rate decreased as treatment time increased. Loss of attachments was significantly affected by arch and tooth position, with higher loss rates in the mandibular arch and molars. Besides, loss of attachments was not affected by sex, age, dental malocclusion, vertical skeletal pattern, anterior overbite, operators, tooth extraction, attachment amount and attachment type.
PECS II block for cardiac implantable electronic device insertion: A pilot study
Authors: Kilin Mustafa , Kavakli Ali Sait , Karaveli Arzu , Sugur Tayfun , Kus Gorkem , Cagirci Goksel , Arslan Sakir 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimSome truncal blocks could provide adequate surgical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) insertion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the pectoral nerves (PECS) II block for CIED insertion.MethodsPECS II blocks were performed on the left side using the ultrasound‐guided single injection technique in all patients. The primary outcome for feasibility was the percentage of the cases completed without intraoperative additional local anesthesia. Secondary outcomes were the amount of intraoperative additional local anesthetic, intraoperative opioid requirement, postoperative pain scores, first requirement for postoperative analgesia, postoperative analgesic consumption, patient satisfaction, and block‐related complications.ResultsOf the total 30 patients, 19 (63.3%) required intraoperative additional local anesthetic. The median (IQR [range]) volume of the additional local anesthetic used was 7 (4‐10 [2.5‐12]) mL. Two patients needed additional IV analgesics in the first 24 h postoperatively. No statistically significant differences were determined between the patients requiring and not requiring intraoperative additional local anesthetic in respect of age, gender, duration of surgery, block performance time, and hospital stay. A total of 26 (86.6%) patients reported a high level of satisfaction with the procedure.ConclusionsPECS II block for cardiac electronic implantable device insertion provides effective postoperative analgesia for at least 24 h. Although PECS II block alone could not provide complete surgical anesthesia in the majority of the patients, when combined with supplementary local anesthetic, contributes to a smooth intraoperative course for patients.
Unpacking the effects of burdensome state actions on citizens' policy perceptions
Authors: Sievert Martin , Bruder Jonas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdministrative burdens appear to influence citizens' perceptions of welfare policies and attitudes toward beneficiaries. However, empirical evidence that has disentangled different state actions' effects on policy perceptions is scarce. We applied a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial survey experiment and manipulated the conceptually distinct state actions implemented in German unemployment benefits. We investigated whether and how exposure to learning demands, compliance demands, and sanctions affected citizens' prejudices against beneficiaries, policy support, and perceived legitimacy. The results from a sample of 1602 German citizens indicate that those confronted with program sanctions exhibit less policy support and expect higher policy spending. Similarly, sanctions decreased the Federal Employment Agency's perceived legitimacy. These results have implications for administrative burden and policy feedback research. Distinguishing different state actions provides nuances to assess policy feedback effects. Practitioners should consider whether program sanctions are necessary because they evoke unintended policy feedback effects.
Rutin intake mitigates the injury of blue light irradiation by altering aging rates of mortality in Drosophila model
Authors: Tang Hao , Li Xiangyu , Liu Xingyou , Xu Yifan , Shen Jie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBlue light is known as one of the harmful light pollution that has complex effects on organisms. The massive use of LED lights in cities has greatly increased the frequency of human exposure to blue light, and therefore the hazards of blue light are receiving widespread attention. In our study, Drosophila was used as the model organism to explore the ability of the flavonoid rutin to resist blue light damage under the intensity of 3000 Lux. Siler model analysis was performed. Our results showed sex‐specific pattern of rutin as an effective antioxidant. Rutin could help female flies to reduce the initial adult mortality and male flies to slow the increase of adult mortality under blue light irradiation, thus prolonging their average lifespan. Furthermore, after the intake of rutin, the locomotor activity of Drosophila under blue light irradiation was significantly increased, and the total sleep time was significantly decreased. In summary, our results provide preliminary support for exploring the mechanism of rutin against blue light damage.
Politics and policy of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ulnicane Inga , Erkkilä Tero 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile recent discussions about Artificial Intelligence (AI) as one of the most powerful technologies of our times tend to portray it as a predominantly technical issue, it also has major social, political and cultural implications. So far these have been mostly studied from ethical, legal and economic perspectives, while politics and policy have received less attention. To address this gap, this special issue brings together nine research articles to advance the studies of politics and policy of AI by identifying emerging themes and setting out future research agenda. Diverse but complementary contributions in this special issue speak to five overarching themes: understanding the AI as co‐shaped by technology and politics; highlighting the role of ideas in AI politics and policy; examining the distribution of power; interrogating the relationship between novel technology and continuity in politics and policy; and exploring interactions among developments at local, national, regional and global levels. This special issue demonstrates that AI policy is not an apolitical field that can be dealt with just by relying on knowledge and expertise but requires an open debate among alternative views, ideas, values and interests.