bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple stellar populations in globular clusters with JWST: an NIRCam view of 47 Tucanae
Authors: Milone A P , Marino A F , Dotter A , Ziliotto T , Dondoglio E , Cordoni G , Jang S , Lagioia E P , Legnardi M V , Mohandasan A , Tailo M , Yong D , Baimukhametova S , Carlos M 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We use images collected with the near-infrared camera (NIRCam) onboard the JWST and with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to investigate multiple populations at the bottom of the main sequence (MS) of 47 Tucanae. The mF115W versus mF115W − mF322W2 colour–magnitude diagram (CMD) from NIRCam shows that, below the knee, the MS stars span a wide colour range, where the majority of M-dwarfs exhibit blue colours, and a tail of stars are distributed towards the red. A similar pattern is observed from the mF160W versus mF110W − mF160W CMD from HST, and multiple populations of M-dwarfs are also visible in the optical mF606W versus mF606W − mF814W CMD. The NIRCam CMD shows a narrow sequence of faint MS stars with masses smaller than $0.1\, \mathcal {M}_{\odot }$. We introduce a chromosome map of M-dwarfs that reveals an extended first population and three main groups of second-population stars. By combining isochrones and synthetic spectra with appropriate chemical composition, we simulate colours and magnitudes of different stellar populations in the NIRCam filters (at metallicities [Fe/H] = −1.5 and [Fe/H] = −0.75) and identify the photometric bands that provide the most efficient diagrams to investigate the multiple populations in globular clusters. Models are compared with the observed CMDs of 47 Tucanae to constrain M-dwarfs’ chemical composition. Our analysis suggests that the oxygen range needed to reproduce the colours of first- and second-population M-dwarfs is similar to that inferred from spectroscopy of red giants, constraining the proposal that the chemical variations are due to mass transfer phenomena in proto-clusters.
Spectral and temporal studies of Swift  J1658.2–4242 using AstroSat observations with the JeTCAF model
Authors: Mondal Santanu , Jithesh V 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the X-ray spectral and temporal analysis of the black hole X-ray transient Swift  J1658.2–4242 observed by AstroSat. Three epochs of data have been analysed using the JeTCAF model to estimate the mass accretion rates and to understand the geometry of the flow. The best-fitting disc mass accretion rate ($\dot{m}_{\rm d}$) varies between $0.90^{+0.02}_{-0.01}$ and $1.09^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$$\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$ in these observations, while the halo mass accretion rate changes from $0.15^{+0.01}_{-0.01}$ to $0.25^{+0.02}_{-0.01}$$\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$. We estimate the size of the dynamic corona that varies substantially from $64.9^{+3.9}_{-3.1}$ to $34.5^{+2.0}_{-1.5}$ rg and a moderately high jet/outflow collimation factor stipulates isotropic outflow. The inferred high disc mass accretion rate and bigger corona size indicate that the source might be in the intermediate to soft spectral state of black hole X-ray binaries. The mass of the black hole estimated from different model combinations is ∼14 M⊙. In addition, we compute the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequencies from the model-fitted parameters, which match the observed QPOs. We further calculate the binary parameters of the system from the decay profile of the light curve and the spectral parameters. The estimated orbital period of the system is 4.0 ± 0.4 h by assuming the companion as a mid or late K-type star. Our analysis using the JeTCAF model sheds light on the physical origin of the spectrotemporal behaviour of the source, and the observed properties are mainly due to the change in both the mass accretion rates and absorbing column density.
Meiotic Recognition of Evolutionarily Diverged Homologs: Chromosomal Hybrid Sterility Revisited
Authors: Forejt Jiri , Jansa Petr 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hybrid sterility (HS) is an early postzygotic reproductive isolation mechanism observed in all sexually reproducing species. Infertility of hybrids prevents gene flow between incipient species and leads to speciation. While Drosophila studies have focused almost exclusively on the genic control of HS, two other model species, Mus musculus and budding yeast, provided the first experimental evidence of hybrid sterility governed by the nongenic effects of DNA sequence divergence. Here, we propose that the nongenic effect of increasing DNA divergence between closely related species may impair mutual recognition of homologous chromosomes and disrupt their synapsis. Unsynapsed or mispaired homologs can induce early meiotic arrest, or their random segregation can cause aneuploidy of spermatids and sperm cells. Impaired recognition of homologs may thus act as a universal chromosomal checkpoint contributing to the complexity of genetic control of HS. Chromosomal HS controlled by the Prdm9 gene in mice and HS driven by the mismatch repair machinery in yeast are currently the most advanced examples of chromosomal homology search-based HS. More focus on the cellular and molecular phenotypes of meiosis will be needed to further validate the role of homolog recognition in hybrid sterility and speciation.
Multicolor and multi-spot observations of Starlink’s Visorsat
Authors: Horiuchi Takashi , Hanayama Hidekazu , Ohishi Masatoshi , Nakaoka Tatsuya , Imazawa Ryo , Kawabata Koji S , Takahashi Jun , Onozato Hiroki , Saito Tomoki , Yamanaka Masayuki , Nogami Daisaku , Tampo Yusuke , Kojiguchi Naoto , Ito Jumpei , Shibata Masaaki , Schramm Malte , Oasa Yumiko , Kanai Takahiro , Oide Kohei , Murata Katsuhiro L , Hosokawa Ryohei , Takamatsu Yutaka , Imai Yuri , Ito Naohiro , Niwano Masafumi , Takagi Seiko , Ono Tatsuharu , Kouprianov Vladimir V 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study provides the results of simultaneous multicolor observations for the first Visorsat (STARLINK-1436) and the ordinary Starlink satellite (STARLINK-1113) in the U, B, V, g′, r, i, RC, IC, $z$, J, H, and Ks bands to quantitatively investigate the extent to which Visorsat reduces its reflected light. Our results are as follows: (1) in most cases, Visorsat is fainter than STARLINK-1113, and the sunshade on Visorsat therefore contributes to the reduction of the reflected sunlight; (2) the magnitude at 550 km altitude (normalized magnitude) of both satellites often reaches the naked-eye limiting magnitude (&lt;6.0); (3) from a blackbody radiation model of the reflected flux, the peak of the reflected components of both satellites is around the $z$ band; and (4) the albedo of the near-infrared range is larger than that of the optical range. Under the assumption that Visorsat and STARLINK-1113 have the same reflectivity, we estimate the covering factor, Cf, of the sunshade on Visorsat, using the blackbody radiation model: the covering factor ranges from 0.18 ≤ Cf ≤ 0.92. From the multivariable analysis of the solar phase angle (Sun–target–observer), the normalized magnitude, and the covering factor, the phase angle versus covering factor distribution presents a moderate anti-correlation between them, suggesting that the magnitudes of Visorsat depend not only on the phase angle but also on the orientation of the sunshade along our line of sight. However, the impact on astronomical observations from Visorsat-designed satellites remains serious. Thus, new countermeasures are necessary for the Starlink satellites to further reduce reflected sunlight.
From global climate goals to local practice—mission-oriented policy enactment in three Swedish regions
Authors: Brett Nancy , Magnusson Thomas , Andersson Hans 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As the national and supranational levels of government embrace the concept of missions to solve wicked problems, the importance of understanding how missions move from one level of governance to another becomes essential. In this paper, we present a comparative case analysis of evolving regional biogas systems to consider how global missions on climate action are enacted in local practice. Referring to wickedness in terms of contestation, complexity, and uncertainty of both problems and solutions, we examine how such framings affect the operationalisation of the missions. Our results indicate that in the process of local translation, wickedness often increases, but additional wickedness does not always worsen the outcomes.
Caring Under Fire Across Three Continents: The Hadfield-Spears Ambulance, 1941–1945
Authors: Humbert Laure 
Published: April 2023

Summary
During the Second World War, the Hadfield Spears ambulance took care of around 22,000 wounded and/or sick patients across three continents. This article analyses how military attacks and instances of violence impacted on the psychological, emotional and physical health of those attending the wounded within this mobile unit. While historiography of allied medicine develops apace, analysis of the Free French health service remains rare. Yet the history of the Hadfield Spears ambulance provides a fascinating window into the neglected issue of attacks on healthcare in wartime, as well as a fresh scope for combining macro and micro perspectives. The deployment of both approaches suggests potent ways to connect intimate responses to attacks to broader histories of allied frictions and cooperation. Crucially, it offers rich insights into the development of a transnational ‘ethos of stoicism’, which helped to sustain the hospital’s community, in a fraught allied diplomatic context.
Does insomnia treatment prevent depression?
Authors: Boland Elaine M , Goldschmied Jennifer R , Gehrman Philip R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are increasing globally, in part due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, contributing to disease burden. It has long been known that insomnia is intricately connected with depression as indicated by greater depression severity and lower treatment response. Furthermore, insomnia is a significant risk factor for new-onset depression. Treatment of insomnia is thus a logical target for prevention of incidents and recurrent MDD. This systematic review sought to evaluate the current evidence for the preventive effects of insomnia treatment on depression onset. A database search yielded 186 studies, six of which met criteria for inclusion in this review. All of the studies utilized cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia (CBT-I) as the target intervention and most delivered treatment via a digital platform. Four of the studies found significantly lower rates of MDD onset in those who received CBT-I compared to a control condition. The two remaining studies failed to confirm these effects in primary analyses but secondary analyses suggested evidence of a preventive effect. There was significant methodologic heterogeneity across studies in terms of sample selection, outcomes, and follow-up periods, limiting the ability to draw firm conclusions. The evidence overall is in the direction of insomnia treatment reducing the risk for onset of MDD, but further research is warranted.
Trustees’ duties: exemptions and exonerations
Authors: Hayton David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As part of the bargain for undertaking a trusteeship, a trustee can exempt itself not only from liability for a breach of trust, it can altogether oust particular trusteeship duties, so long as it leaves intact the irreducible core obligations of a trust. Where a trustee is to hold underlying controlled companies, the trustee’s duties of supervision and inquiry can be specifically ousted so long as the trustee has no actual or blind-eye knowledge of dishonest conduct in the affairs of such companies. Low insurance premiums lead to low trustees’ fees.
Classical consequences of constructive systems
Authors: Moschovakis Joan Rand 
Published: April 2023

This is a survey of formal axiomatic systems for the three main varieties of constructive analysis, in a common language and with intuitionistic logic, which are as nearly as possible compatible with classical analysis and with one another. Classically sound consequences of principles of intuitionistic mathematics are emphasized. Compatibility with classical analysis is of two kinds. On the one hand, Bishop’s constructive mathematics and a very substantial part of intuitionistic analysis are classically correct, sharing with constructive recursive mathematics a neutral subsystem adequate for recursive function theory and elementary real analysis. On the other hand, each constructive system considered here is separately consistent with the negative interpretation of each of its classically sound subsystems, establishing internal compatibility with the classical context it is intended to refine. A possibly new criterion for the transposability of unique existential quantifiers and a recent theorem of Vafeiadou on the internal compatibility of classical and intuitionistic analysis are included.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modern perspectives in Proof Theory’.
Metric fixed point theory and partial impredicativity
Authors: Fernández-Duque D. , Shafer P. , Towsner H. , Yokoyama K. 
Published: April 2023

We show that the Priess-Crampe & Ribenboim fixed point theorem is provable inRCA0. Furthermore, we show that Caristi’s fixed point theorem for both Baire and Borel functions is equivalent to the transfinite leftmost path principle, which falls strictly betweenATR0andΠ11-CA0. We also exhibit several weakenings of Caristi’s theorem that are equivalent toWKL0and toACA0.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modern perspectives in Proof Theory’.
Some independence results related to finite trees
Authors: Friedman Harvey M. , Weiermann Andreas 
Published: April 2023

We investigate some concrete independence results for systems of reverse mathematics which emerge from monotonicity properties of number-theoretic functions. Natural properties of the less than or equal to relation with respect to sums of natural numbers lead to independence results for first-order Peano arithmetic. Natural properties of the less than or equal to relation with respect to sums and products of natural numbers lead to independence results for arithmetical transfinite recursion. By considering number-theoretic functions of arbitrary arities, we obtain independence results for systems beyond arithmetical transfinite recursion. We discuss how these embeddability relations are related to tree embeddability relations and we consider variants where the tree embeddability relation is not assumed to preserve infima. The findings of this paper are complementary to results on Kruskal-like theorems proved earlier by the first author.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modern perspectives in Proof Theory’.
Gene interaction network analysis in multiple myeloma detects complex immune dysregulation associated with shorter survival
Authors: Simhal Anish K. , Maclachlan Kylee H. , Elkin Rena , Zhu Jiening , Norton Larry , Deasy Joseph O. , Oh Jung Hun , Usmani Saad Z. , Tannenbaum Allen 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe plasma cell cancer multiple myeloma (MM) varies significantly in genomic characteristics, response to therapy, and long-term prognosis. To investigate global interactions in MM, we combined a known protein interaction network with a large clinically annotated MM dataset. We hypothesized that an unbiased network analysis method based on large-scale similarities in gene expression, copy number aberration, and protein interactions may provide novel biological insights. Applying a novel measure of network robustness, Ollivier-Ricci Curvature, we examined patterns in the RNA-Seq gene expression and CNA data and how they relate to clinical outcomes. Hierarchical clustering using ORC differentiated high-risk subtypes with low progression free survival. Differential gene expression analysis defined 118 genes with significantly aberrant expression. These genes, while not previously associated with MM, were associated with DNA repair, apoptosis, and the immune system. Univariate analysis identified 8/118 to be prognostic genes; all associated with the immune system. A network topology analysis identified both hub and bridge genes which connect known genes of biological significance of MM. Taken together, gene interaction network analysis in MM uses a novel method of global assessment to demonstrate complex immune dysregulation associated with shorter survival.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEMultiple myeloma has heterogenous clinical outcomes which are not well predicted by current prognostic scoring systems. Global assessment of gene-protein interactions using Ollivier-Ricci Curvature produces clusters of patients with defined prognostic significance, with high-risk groups harboring complex gene dysregulation impacting immune function.
A new tractable method for generating Human Alveolar Macrophage Like cells in vitro to study lung inflammatory processes and diseases
Authors: Pahari Susanta , Arnett Eusondia , Simper Jan , Azad Abul , Guerrero-Arguero Israel , Ye Chengjin , Zhang Hao , Cai Hong , Wang Yufeng , Lai Zhao , Jarvis Natalie , Lumbreras Miranda , Maselli-Caceres Diego Jose , Peters Jay , Torrelles Jordi B , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Schlesinger Larry S 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTAlveolar macrophages (AMs) are unique lung resident cells that contact airborne pathogens and environmental particulates. The contribution of human AMs (HAM) to pulmonary diseases remains poorly understood due to difficulty in accessing them from human donors and their rapid phenotypic change duringin vitroculture. Thus, there remains an unmet need for cost-effective methods for generating and/or differentiating primary cells into a HAM phenotype, particularly important for translational and clinical studies. We developed cell culture conditions that mimic the lung alveolar environment in humans using lung lipids,i.e., Infasurf (calfactant, natural bovine surfactant) and lung-associated cytokines (GM-CSF, TGF-β, and IL-10) that facilitate the conversion of blood-obtained monocytes to an AM-Like (AML) phenotype and function in tissue culture. Similar to HAM, AML cells are particularly susceptible to bothMycobacterium tuberculosisand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. This study reveals the importance of alveolar space components in the development and maintenance of HAM phenotype and function, and provides a readily accessible model to study HAM in infectious and inflammatory disease processes, as well as therapies and vaccines.IMPORTANCEMillions die annually from respiratory disorders. Lower respiratory track gas-exchanging alveoli maintain a precarious balance between fighting invaders and minimizing tissue damage. Key players herein are resident AMs. However, there are no easily accessiblein vitromodels of HAMs, presenting a huge scientific challenge. Here we present a novel model for generating AML cells based on differentiating blood monocytes in a defined lung component cocktail. This model is non-invasive, significantly less costly than performing a bronchoalveolar lavage, yields more AML cells than HAMs per donor and retains their phenotype in culture. We have applied this model to early studies ofM. tuberculosisand SARS-CoV-2. This model will significantly advance respiratory biology research.
Embryo-specific epigenetic mechanisms reconstitute the CHH methylation landscape during Arabidopsis embryogenesis
Authors: Hsieh Ping-Hung , Frost Jennifer M. , Choi Yeonhee , Hsieh Tzung-Fu , Zilberman Daniel , Fischer Robert L 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe modification of flowering plant DNA by CHH methylation acts primarily to silence transposable elements, of which many active copies are present inArabidopsis thaliana. During embryogenesis, the CHH methylation landscape is dramatically reprogrammed, resulting in exceedingly high levels of this modification upon mature embryo formation. The mechanisms constituting the remodeling process, and its function in embryos, are unclear. Here, we isolate embryos from Arabidopsis plants harboring mutations for key components of the pathways that confer CHH methylation, namely RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and the Chromomethylase 2 (CMT2) pathways. We reveal that embryos are more methylated than leaves at shared CMT2 and RdDM targeting loci, accounting for most embryonic CHH hypermethylation. While the majority of embryo CHH methylated loci overlap with those in somatic tissues, a subset of conventional pericentric CMT2-methylated loci are instead targeted by RdDM in embryos. These loci, termed ‘embRdDM’ exhibit intermediate H3K9me2 levels, associated with increased chromatin accessibility. Strikingly, more than 50% of the embRdDM loci in pollen vegetative (nurse) cells andddm1mutant somatic tissues are also targeted by RdDM, and these tissues were also reported to exhibit increased chromatin accessibility in pericentric heterochromatin. Furthermore, the root columella stem cell niche also displays CHH hypermethylation and an enriched presence of small RNAs at embRdDM loci. Finally, we observe a significant overlap of CHH hypermethylated loci with endosperm DEMETER targeting sites, suggesting that non-cell autonomous communication within the seed may contribute to the epigenetic landscape of the embryo. However, similar overlap with vegetative cell DEMETER targets indicates that the chromatin landscape that allows DEMETER access is mirrored in developing embryos, permitting CHH methylation catalysis at the same loci. Our findings demonstrate that both conserved and embryo-specific epigenetic mechanisms reshape CHH methylation profiles in the dynamic chromatin environment of embryogenesis.