bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the role of higher order neoclassical corrections to gyrokinetics in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Dudkovskaia A V , Connor J W , Dickinson D , Wilson H R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We implement the higher order gyrokinetic theory developed in Dudkovskaia et al (2023 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
65 045010), reduced to the limit of

B

ϑ

/

B
0

≪
1

, where B
0 is the tokamak equilibrium magnetic field, and B

ϑ
is its poloidal component, in the local gyrokinetic turbulence code, GS2. The principal motivation for this extension is to quantify the importance of neoclassical flows in electromagnetic gyrokinetics, with a particular interest in sharp pressure gradient regions where the bootstrap current becomes dominant. To incorporate neoclassical equilibrium physics, GS2 is coupled to NEO, a multi-species drift kinetic solver. It is found that the regions where microinstabilities are most likely to be influenced by neoclassical equilibrium effects are in a pedestal plasma and a spherical tokamak core plasma.
Third-order nonlinearity with subradiance dark-state in ultra-strong excitons and surface plasmon coupling using self-antiaggregation organic dye
Authors: Ahmad Khushaini Muhammad Asif , Azeman Nur Hidayah , Tg Abdul Aziz Tg Hasnan , Bakar Ahmad Ashrif A , De La Rue Richard M. , Md Zain Ahmad Rifqi , Majlis Burhanuddin Yeop , TH Tee Clarence Augustine 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A strong coupling regime with dressed states is formed when a propagating surface plasmon (PSP) mode coherently exchanges energy with an ensemble of excitons at a rate faster than the system’s losses. These states are superpositions of superradiance excitons and PSP modes, accompanied by remaining subradiance or ‘dark’ exciton states. Dark-states are ubiquitous, especially in disordered systems, and they rise in number as the number of excitons increases. Here, the ultra-strong coupling regime was experimentally observed with the coupling strength to bare energy as high as g/

E

e
x
c
i
t
o
n

∼ 0.23 using a self-antiaggregation organic dye, BOBzBT2 in an Otto-SPR configuration. We show that the hybrid system of excitons in a nonlinear organic dye layer and a PSP mode can be described by employing dark-state in a theory of nonlinear third-order sum-frequency generation (TSFG). Close agreement between the theory and the experiment has been demonstrated. The study opens up a new perspective for establishing a relationship between the optical properties of a third-order nonlinear material and the extent of strong coupling.
The effect of volume concentration on the properties of easy-plane FeSiAl composites working in high frequency band
Authors: Zhang Hang , Huang Yuandong , Wang Ke , Zhang Chenghu , Wang Guowu , Li Fashen , Wang Tao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, to investigate the effect of volume concentration on core loss in the high frequency band (∼MHz), easy-plane soft magnetic composites (SMCs) of FeSiAl particles with different volume concentrations were prepared successfully by magnetic field orientation. The permeability of the SMCs was decomposed into the domain wall component and the spin component and was well simulated. The core loss was successfully decomposed into hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and anomalous loss. It was shown that the permeability of the SMCs was continuously improved as the volume concentration of FeSiAl in the SMCs increased, while the core loss decreased first and then increased due to the different performances of the hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, and anomalous loss. Samples with a permeability of 310 exhibited the lowest core loss of 399 kW m−3 (f = 3 MHz, 10 mT). The results indicated that there is an optimal volume concentration at which SMCs have a relatively high permeability and minimum core loss.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of low-pressure-plasma-treated paper-based fluidic aluminum-air battery
Authors: Chan Chih-Lin , Ni I-Chih , Wu Chih-I , Cheng I-Chun , Chen Jian-Zhang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of low-pressure plasma (LPP) processing of a graphite foil as the cathode of a paper-based fluidic Al-air battery. A 10-s plasma treated battery exhibited better discharge performance in terms of the current density, power density, and energy density compared with an untreated battery. Scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements were used to investigate the difference in the surface properties of the graphite foil before and after LPP modification. Further, linear sweep voltammetry, constant current discharge measurement, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis were used to demonstrate the enhancement in discharge performance.
Dyadic Green’s function for a topological insulator stratified sphere
Authors: Xie Huai-Yi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We construct the dyadic Green’s functions (DGFs) for a topological insulator (TI) stratified sphere within the framework of axion electrodynamics. For these DGFs, the additional expansion coefficients are included to account for the axion coupling effect. With the application of these DGFs, we derive the formulation of light scattering from a dipole near a TI stratified sphere. In our numerical studies, we give three types of configurations (a metal-coated TI sphere, a metal-TI-metal-coated TI sphere and an alternating metal-TI stratified sphere) to investigate how the topological magneto-electric (TME) response of the TI sphere (shells) influences on the multipolar plasmonic resonance of the metal shells. For these types, the results show that the TME effect causes some modifications of the decay rate spectrum for an emitting dipole near a TI stratified sphere. For the multipolar resonances of the metal shells, it is observed that the TME-induced red-shifts for the bonding and lower order antibonding modes are found but those for the higher order antibonding modes are insignificant. In addition, for a metal-coated TI sphere, we take into account the effects of losses in the TI core of which the dielectric function is chosen to be the form of the bulk or five quintuple layers (5QL) slab and then the some modifications of the TME-induced decay rate spectrum are obviously suppressed. These phenomenological characteristics provide useful guidance to probing the TME effect via molecular fluorescence experiments.
A common rule for the intermediate state caused by DNA mismatch in single-molecule experiments*
Authors: Song Xiaoya , Yang Chao , Feng Yuyu , Chen Hu , Liu Yanhui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Defective structures, such as DNA mismatches, occur in DNA with a high frequency in some biological processes. They are difficult to identify and have recently become the focus of single-molecule investigations. Three single-molecule experiments were successively conducted to detect the effects of DNA mismatch on the stability of DNA hairpins. However, there was no consensus regarding the results of the intermediate state caused by DNA mismatch. Based on the extended ox-DNA model, DNA mismatch was introduced to the stem of DNA hairpins with different stem lengths (12–20 bps) and 4T in hairpin loops. The intermediate state and its dependence on the position of the DNA mismatch in the stem from the hairpin loop were systematically studied. The results indicated that DNA mismatch definitely reduced the critical forces of DNA hairpins. At the same time, a common rule about the dependence of the intermediate state on the position of DNA mismatch was generalized in a phase diagram constructed in a phase space of a scaled position of DNA mismatch. Three segments on its diagonal line corresponded to the ranges of the scaled position of DNA mismatch [0, 0.55), [0.55, 0.85), and [0.85, 1], respectively. In the [0.55, 0.85) range, the extension probability distribution of DNA hairpins had unfolded, intermediate, and folded states. In contrast, in the other ranges [0, 0.55) and [0.85, 1], the extension probability distributions had unfolded and folded states. The scaled positions of DNA mismatch for the DNA hairpins used in the three single-molecule experiments (0.65, 0.4736, and 0.5) fell in the ranges [0.55, 0.85) and [0, 0.55). Obviously, the common rule generalized in the phase diagram not only clarifies the non-consensus between the three single-molecule experiments but also highlights the design of single-molecule experiments in the future.
Accurate Laguerre collocation solutions to a class of Emden–Fowler type BVP
Authors: Gheorghiu C I 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We solve numerically the nonlinear and double singular boundary value problem formed by the well known Emden–Fowler equation

u

′
′

=

u

s

x

−
1

/

2

, s > 1 along with the boundary conditions

u

0

=
1

and

u

∞

=
0.

In order to capture the exponential decrease of its solution we use the Laguerre–Gauss–Radau collocation method and infer its convergence. We show that the value of u
ʹ at origin, which plays a fundamental role in these problems, definitely satisfies some rigorous accepted bounds. A particular attention is paid to the Thomas–Fermi case, i.e.

s
:=
3

/

2.

We treat the problems as boundary values ones without any involvement of ones with initial values. The method is robust with respect to scaling and order of approximation.
Moiré-driven multiferroic order in twisted CrCl3, CrBr3 and CrI3 bilayers
Authors: Fumega Adolfo O , Lado Jose L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Layered van der Waals materials have risen as a powerful platform to engineer artificial competing states of matter. Here we show the emergence of multiferroic order in twisted chromium trihalide bilayers, an order fully driven by the moiré pattern and absent in aligned multilayers. Using a combination of spin models and ab initio calculations, we show that a spin texture is generated in the moiré supercell of the twisted system as a consequence of the competition between stacking-dependent interlayer magnetic exchange and magnetic anisotropy. An electric polarization arises associated with such a non-collinear magnetic state due to the spin–orbit coupling, leading to the emergence of a local ferroelectric order following the moiré. Among the stochiometric trihalides, our results show that twisted CrBr3 bilayers give rise to the strongest multiferroic order. We further show the emergence of a strong magnetoelectric coupling, which allows the electric generation and control of magnetic skyrmions. Our results put forward twisted chromium trihalide bilayers, and in particular CrBr3 bilayers, as a powerful platform to engineer artificial multiferroic materials and electrically tunable topological magnetic textures.
Corrosion protection of aluminum alloy 7075 using functionalized micro- silica based epoxy coatings
Authors: Khan Arshad Ali , Khan Afzal , Zafar Zainab , Ahmad Ishaq , Islam Bilal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Composite coatings were prepared by using epoxy-hardener having a 2:1 composition and functionalized SiO2 having 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 proportion/s accordingly. Curing of the coatings on aluminium alloy 7075 substrates was performed at a temperature of 60 ± 5 °C. Moreover, corrosion assessment was carried out in 0.6M NaCl solution at room temperature. The outcome of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the presence of Si-O bond and epoxide peaks. XRD spectra depict that the intensity of AA-7075 peaks was substantially effected possibly due to more x-rays absorption in composite coatings as a result of increasing silica content. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis depicted 116, 284, 620, and 1309% increase in charge transfer resistance (Rct) for 0, 1, 3, and 5% silica composition relative to bare AA-7075 samples. Moreover, potentiodynamic plots were used to estimate corrosion rate which depicted decline of 20, 55, 40, 90 and 97% when compared with pure AA-7075 substrate.
Multi-response optimization of machining parameters of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy using EDM process through grey relational analysis
Authors: Perumal A , Rajkumar P R , Venkatesan G , Paramasamy S , Gangadharan T 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Due to its high corrosion resistance and low density, it is tedious to machine high strength materials such as titanium alloy for the manufacture of engineering products related to aerospace, automobiles, and medical applications. In this study, an attempt was made to consider the impact of tool electrodes in the electrical discharge machining method for successful machinability of titanium alloy. High temperatures are used during electrical discharge machining to melt and vaporise the hard titanium alloy. In the current work, an EDM machining method was used to machine a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy while using the input parameters of pulse on time, voltage, and current as process parameters. The experiments were carried out based on the workpiece, and surface morphology was performed on the workpiece surface. The process parameters were optimised using the Multi-Response Grey Relation Analysis method, and a major effects plot was created to see how the factors affected the MRR and surface roughness. Surface finish and MRR have been discovered to be directly correlated with discharge current. These are the best process parameters for machining pulse on time (150 s), voltage (60 V), and discharge current (16 A).
Climate science as foundation for global climate negotiations
Authors: Forster Piers , Pirani Anna , Rosen Debbie , Rogelj Joeri , Cook Jolene 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One of the successes of COP26 (the 26th Conference of the Parties) was the prominence of climate science and its implications. Science was written into the Glasgow Climate Pact, recognizing ‘the importance of the best available science for effective climate action and policy making’. This paper discusses the reasons for COP26’s success and reflects on subsequent events at COP27. The continued importance of science in global climate negotiations throughout this critical decade for climate is clear.
A new aspect of Chebyshev’s bias for elliptic curves over function fields
Authors: Kaneko Ikuya , Koyama Shin-ya 
Published: March 2023

This work addresses the prime number races for non-constant elliptic curves

E
E

over function fields. We prove that if

r
a
n
k

(
E
)
>
0

\mathrm {rank}(E) > 0

, then there exist Chebyshev biases towards being negative, and otherwise there exist Chebyshev biases towards being positive. The key input is the convergence of the partial Euler product at the centre, which follows from the Deep Riemann Hypothesis over function fields.
Climate change in the UK press: Examining discourse fluctuation over time
Authors: Gillings Mathew , Dayrell Carmen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article examines the discourses around climate change in the UK press from 2003 to 2019. Our main goal is to investigate how the media discourse developed during a period of significant world events, whilst also exploring the change in the UK public’s perception of the problem. We combine the novel technique of Usage Fluctuation Analysis (UFA, McEnery et al. 2019) with corpus-assisted discourse analysis to track the fluctuation in the usage of the phrases climate change and global warming over this 17-year period. Thus, in addition to offering a methodological contribution by applying UFA to a relatively small specialized diachronic corpus, this article offers new insights on how the discourse evolved. Results indicate that the tabloids and broadsheets offer a surprisingly similar image of climate change discourse, both showing two major discoursal shifts. From an overall prevalence of articles advocating for the climate change cause, the discourse incorporated voices of climate sceptics from 2008 onwards, moving on to increased coverage and awareness of the problem in recent years when the public started to engage in it more heavily.
Poincaré maps for visualization of large protein families
Authors: Susmelj Anna Klimovskaia , Ren Yani , Vander Meersche Yann , Gelly Jean-Christophe , Galochkina Tatiana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the era of constantly increasing amounts of the available protein data, a relevant and interpretable visualization becomes crucial, especially for tasks requiring human expertise. Poincaré disk projection has previously demonstrated its important efficiency for visualization of biological data such as single-cell RNAseq data. Here, we develop a new method PoincaréMSA for visual representation of complex relationships between protein sequences based on Poincaré maps embedding. We demonstrate its efficiency and potential for visualization of protein family topology as well as evolutionary and functional annotation of uncharacterized sequences. PoincaréMSA is implemented in open source Python code with available interactive Google Colab notebooks as described at https://www.dsimb.inserm.fr/POINCARE_MSA.
Flex Meta-Storms elucidates the microbiome local beta-diversity under specific phenotypes
Authors: Zhang Mingqian , Zhang Wenke , Chen Yuzhu , Zhao Jin , Wu Shunyao , Su Xiaoquan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMotivationBeta-diversity quantitatively measures the difference among microbial communities thus enlightening the association between microbiome composition and environment properties or host phenotypes. The beta-diversity analysis mainly relies on distances among microbiomes that are calculated by all microbial features. However, in some cases, only a small fraction of members in a community plays crucial roles. Such a tiny proportion is insufficient to alter the overall distance, which is always missed by end-to-end comparison. On the other hand, beta-diversity pattern can also be interfered due to the data sparsity when only focusing on nonabundant microbes.ResultsHere, we develop Flex Meta-Storms (FMS) distance algorithm that implements the “local alignment” of microbiomes for the first time. Using a flexible extraction that considers the weighted phylogenetic and functional relations of microbes, FMS produces a normalized phylogenetic distance among members of interest for microbiome pairs. We demonstrated the advantage of FMS in detecting the subtle variations of microbiomes among different states using artificial and real datasets, which were neglected by regular distance metrics. Therefore, FMS effectively discriminates microbiomes with higher sensitivity and flexibility, thus contributing to in-depth comprehension of microbe–host interactions, as well as promoting the utilization of microbiome data such as disease screening and prediction.Availability and implementationFMS is implemented in C++, and the source code is released at https://github.com/qdu-bioinfo/flex-meta-storms.
Monkeypox whitlow: a novel presentation
Authors: Grau Echevarría Andrés , Peñuelas Leal Rodrigo , Labrandero Hoyos Carolina , Casanova Esquembre Andrés , Magdaleno Tapial Jorge , Pérez Ferriols Amparo , García Deltoro Miguel , Ocete Monchón María Dolores , Hernández Bel Pablo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic disease with a progressive increase in cases among men who have sex with men (MSM) worldwide in recent months. New complications of this infection have been described. The aim of the study was to describe this new pattern of presentation of monkeypox at the level of the finger. We present the cases of three patients with monkeypox whitlow, a new clinical presentation of monkeypox. The patients were three MSM with ages ranging from 32 to 49 years. All three had involvement of the third finger of the dominant hand as well as skin lesions at other sites. Two of the three patients had severe inflammation in the digit and proximal arm and were treated with systemic corticosteroids with significant improvement. In two of the three cases we observed onychodystrophy as a complication. All patients reported sexual intercourse with previous digital-anal penetration with the affected finger, which may be the mode of transmission. Distinguishing features that need to be considered are discussed.
Modality-specific and modality-independent neural representations work in concert in predictive processes during sequence learning
Authors: Vékony Teodóra , Takács Ádám , Pedraza Felipe , Haesebaert Frederic , Tillmann Barbara , Mihalecz Imola , Phelipon Romane , Beste Christian , Nemeth Dezso 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Probabilistic sequence learning supports the development of skills and enables predictive processing. It remains contentious whether visuomotor sequence learning is driven by the representation of the visual sequence (perceptual coding) or by the representation of the response sequence (motor coding). Neurotypical adults performed a visuomotor sequence learning task. Learning occurred incidentally as it was evidenced by faster responses to high-probability than to low-probability targets. To uncover the neurophysiology of the learning process, we conducted both univariate analyses and multivariate pattern analyses (MVPAs) on the temporally decomposed EEG signal. Univariate analyses showed that sequence learning modulated the amplitudes of the motor code of the decomposed signal but not in the perceptual and perceptual-motor signals. However, MVPA revealed that all 3 codes of the decomposed EEG contribute to the neurophysiological representation of the learnt probabilities. Source localization revealed the involvement of a wider network of frontal and parietal activations that were distinctive across coding levels. These findings suggest that perceptual and motor coding both contribute to the learning of sequential regularities rather than to a neither–nor distinction. Moreover, modality-specific encoding worked in concert with modality-independent representations, which suggests that probabilistic sequence learning is nonunitary and encompasses a set of encoding principles.
Elucidating medial temporal and frontal lobe contributions to approach-avoidance conflict decision-making using functional MRI and the hierarchical drift diffusion model
Authors: Chu Sonja , Hutcherson Cendri , Ito Rutsuko , Lee Andy C H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has long been associated with arbitrating between approach and avoidance in the face of conflicting and uncertain motivational information, but recent work has also highlighted medial temporal lobe (MTL) involvement. It remains unclear, however, how the contributions of these regions differ in their resolution of conflict information and uncertainty. We designed an fMRI paradigm in which participants approached or avoided object pairs that differed by motivational conflict and outcome uncertainty (complete certainty vs. complete uncertainty). Behavioral data and decision-making parameters estimated using the hierarchical drift diffusion model revealed that participants’ responding was driven by conflict rather than uncertainty. Our neural data suggest that PFC areas contribute to cognitive control during approach-avoidance conflict by potentially adjusting response caution and the strength of evidence generated towards either choice, with differential involvement of anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The MTL, on the other hand, appears to contribute to evidence generation, with the hippocampus linked to evidence accumulation for stimuli. Although findings within perirhinal cortex were comparatively equivocal, some evidence suggests contributions to perceptual representations, particularly under conditions of threat. Our findings provide evidence that MTL and PFC regions may contribute uniquely to arbitrating approach-avoidance conflict.