bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in cutaneous melanoma mortality and incidence in European Union 15+ countries between 1990 and 2019
Authors: Wang Xingyue M. , Borsky Kim , Proctor Dominic W. , Goodall Richard , Marshall Dominic C. , Dobell William , Salciccioli Justin D. , Matin Rubeta N. , Shalhoub Joseph , El‐Muttardi Naguib 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous melanoma (CM) is the leading cause of skin cancer mortality with associated high healthcare costs. Up‐to‐date reporting of epidemiological trends for CM is required to project future trends, assess the burden of disease and aid evaluation of new diagnostic, therapeutic and preventative strategies.ObjectivesTo describe the trends in CM mortality, incidence, mortality‐to‐incidence indices (MIIs) and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) over the last three decades.MethodsA population‐based cross‐sectional study of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database between 1990 and 2019 was performed. Nineteen high‐income countries with similar health expenditure and classified as having high‐quality mortality data including the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and selected European Union countries were included. Annual age‐standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age‐standardized death rates (ASDRs) and DALYs for each country were extracted. Mortality‐to‐incidence indexes were calculated by dividing the ASDR by the ASIR. Trends were described using Joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsAlmost all countries demonstrated increasing ASDR in males over the observation period with greatest percentage increase in Greece (+87%), and there was greater heterogeneity between countries in females. CM mortality was greater for males than females in all countries. Most recent Joinpoint analysis shows significantly decreasing mortality in all countries except the United Kingdom (+0.5% males between 2007 and 2019, +0.1% females between 2002 and 2019). Incidence rates increased in all countries, with evidence of plateau from 2015 onwards. While MIIs cannot be used as a proxy for survival, statistically significant decreases in MII were observed in all countries. Overall, DALYs remained static.ConclusionsOver the past 30 years, CM mortality and incidence has increased in most EU15+ countries. There is evidence that in recent years, CM mortality is decreasing. The burden of disease as assessed using DALYs has remained mostly unchanged. Future work should not solely focus on expensive innovative therapies, but also on optimizing primary prevention.
Antimicrobial Drug Use and Changing Trends From 2021 to 2023—A Case Study of a General Hospital in Sichuan Province
Authors: Shu Lan , Luo Zhen‐de , He Ming‐chao , Wang Shan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAntibiotic resistance (AR) is a growing concern as a result of the widespread and excessive use of antibiotics. Because of this, China's health authorities have implemented a number of antibiotic control measures, including a requirement that the intensity of antibiotic usage stay within 40.00 DDDs. This study, which used a tertiary general hospital in Sichuan Province as an example, examined the hospital's trend in antibiotic use from 2021 to 2023, the relationship between antibiotic use and hospitalization days and CMI, and the viability of 40.000 DDDs in light of the evolving medical landscape.MethodsData were obtained through the hospital information system (HIS) and the hospital DRG system. Boston matrix diagrams were used to find the departments that needed to be focused on control, Cochran‐Armitage trend test, and ANOVA to analyze the trends of AUR and antimicrobial use density (AUD) in the hospital over time in the last 3 years and to analyze the factors affecting the changes in antibiotic consumption.ResultsOver the previous 3 years, the hospital's antibiotic use rate varied between 40% and 50%, and its intensity of use varied between 40.000 and 50.000 DDDs, both of which were rather steady. January 2023 had a significant rise, with an AUD of 59.38 DDDs and an AUR of 61.80%. The second quadrant has eight departments. Each department's AUD varied dramatically; neurosurgery saw an increase annually (p < 0.05), abdominal wall surgery and gastrointestinal hernia procedures, obstetrics and gynaecologist, and ophthalmology saw a drop annually (p < 0.05). The average number of preoperative hospitalization days (r = 0.1402, p < 0.01) and the CMI (r = 0.4864, p < 0.001) were strongly connected with the AUD of surgical and nonsurgical departments, respectively.ConclusionsHospitals should concentrate on the issue of surgical departments' lengthy preoperative prophylactic medication times. AUD management should also be dynamically modified based on CMI, particularly in departments in the second quadrant (low CMI and high AUD). Furthermore, it is challenging to maintain the hospital AUD target value of 40.00 DDDs under the new medical model, given the decline in hospitalization days of discharged patients and the high prevalence of infectious diseases. It is also unclear whether this target value is still appropriate given the current state of medicine.
Do the biological characteristics of trout (Salmo trutta) smolts influence their spring migration timing and maiden marine sojourn duration?
Authors: Gillson Jonathan P. , Blackwell Robert E. , Gregory Stephen D. , Marsh Jessica E. , Bašić Tea , Elliott Sophie A. M. , King R. Andrew , Maxwell David L. , Riley William D. , Stevens Jamie R. , Walker Alan M. , Lauridsen Rasmus B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnadromous salmonids migrate seaward to exploit feeding and growth opportunities in marine habitats, yet how smolt biological characteristics influence their marine migratory behavior remains poorly understood. This study used 9 years of trout (Salmo trutta) population monitoring data from 15,595 tagged age‐0+ parr, 1033 smolts detected migrating downstream in spring, and 99 adults detected returning from their first marine migration to the River Frome (Dorset, UK) to investigate the influence of smolt biological characteristics on their migration timing and maiden marine sojourn duration. Age‐specific differences in the influence of smolt length on migration timing were found, with longer 1‐year‐old smolts emigrating later than their shorter counterparts within the same age class, but the opposite association existed for 2‐year‐old smolts. A bespoke integrated statistical model quantified the effects of smolt emigration day of year, age, sex, and length on the probability of first‐time migrants returning to the river after one or more sea winters. Younger, later migrating smolts had a longer marine sojourn duration than their older, earlier migrating counterparts, and females remained at sea for longer periods than males. Although the statistical model was designed to maximize the use of information available in the data, it revealed only weak effects of smolt biological characteristics on the maiden marine sojourn duration. A complementary simulation study suggested that detecting more spring migrating smolts and analyzing longer time series of trout population monitoring data would increase the ability to detect statistically significant effects. Therefore, a strategic review of the trout population monitoring program, including more long‐term biological data collection, is recommended. The modelling work presented here can provide guidance on the size of the required dataset and how to maximize the power of imperfect data.
The effect of environmental factors on transepithelial potential in a model Amazonian teleost, the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum): Implications for sodium balance in harsh environments
Authors: Wood Chris M. , Crémazy Anne , Morris Carolyn , Johannsson Ora E. , De Boeck Gudrun , Val Adalberto Luis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, G. Cuvier 1818) thrives both in the ion‐poor waters of the Amazon and in commercial aquaculture. In both, environmental conditions can be harsh due to low ion levels, occasional high salt challenges (in aquaculture), low pH, extreme PO2 levels (hypoxia and hyperoxia), high PCO2 levels (hypercapnia), high ammonia levels (in aquaculture), and high and low temperatures. Ion transport across the gill is affected by active transport processes, passive diffusive permeability, ion concentrations (the chemical gradient), and transepithelial potential (TEP, the electrical gradient). The latter is a very important indicator of ionoregulatory status but is rarely measured. Using normoxic, normocapnic, ion‐poor, low–dissolved organic carbon (DOC) well water (27°C, pH 7.0) as the acclimation and reference condition, we first confirmed that the strongly negative TEP (−22.3 mV inside relative to the external water) is a simple diffusion potential. We then evaluated the effects on TEP of more complex waters from the Rio Negro (strong hyperpolarization) and Rio Solimões (no significant change). Additionally, we have quantified significant effects of acute, realistic changes in environmental conditions—low pH (depolarization), hypercapnia (depolarization), hypoxia (depolarization), hyperoxia (hyperpolarization), elevated NaCl concentrations (depolarization), and elevated NH4Cl concentrations (depolarization). The TEP responses help explain many of the changes in net Na+ flux rates reported in the literature. We have also shown marked effects of temperature on TEP and unidirectional Na+ flux rates (hyperpolarization and decreased fluxes at 21°C, depolarization and increased fluxes at 33°C) with no changes in net Na+ flux rates. Calculations based on the Nernst equation demonstrate the importance of the TEP changes in maintaining net Na+ balance.
Effects of Different Bowel Preparation Regimens and Age Factors on the Gut Microbiota: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Ji Huihui , Zhang Shuang , Zhang Xiangrong , Zhang Junhai , Wang Yujing , Wang Huifen , Zhang Yanli , Du Shiyu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundOpinions about the impact of bowel preparation on the gut microbiota are divided. This study investigated the effects of different regimens on the gut microbiota post‐bowel preparation and the differences in responses across different age groups.MethodsThis single‐center, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial included 194 patients. Patients were categorized into two groups: one group receiving polyethylene glycol (n = 108) and one receiving sodium picosulfate (n = 86) for bowel preparation. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and on days 7 and 14 post‐bowel preparation. The microbiota's diversity and composition were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, followed by comparative analyses.ResultsThe gut microbiota's abundance and diversity in patients significantly decreased post‐bowel preparation, which did not recover to the level of pre‐bowel preparation on Day 14. When comparing different regimens, the polyethylene glycol and sodium picosulfate groups recovered faster in richness and diversity, respectively. Patients aged < 65 years had higher richness and diversity of the gut microbiota, whereas the microbiota structure in those aged ≥ 65 years returned to the baseline state faster. The structure of beta diversity is significantly altered and did not return in the short term. However, in the elderly population aged ≥ 65 years, it can rebound quickly. This study also identified a number of significantly altered bacterial genera.ConclusionsFollowing the use of different bowel preparation regimens, the gut microbiota recovers in diverse ways, with older people over 65 experiencing a faster recovery of the microbial structure.
The transition process of perceptions of hygiene care practices among nurses in acute‐care wards: A grounded theory study
Authors: Nishiya Kotone , Takashima Risa , Yano Rika 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimTo explore how perceptions of hygiene care practices among nurses in acute‐care wards change over their clinical experience.MethodsBased on symbolic interactionism, we employed a grounded theory methodology to explore interrelationships of meaning arising from actors' perceptions and interactions. Thirty‐three nurses working in acute‐care wards for >3 years were selected by purposive snowball and theoretical sampling; semi‐structured individual interviews were conducted from October 2023 to February 2024. Data were analyzed for 32 participants who provided consent.ResultsThe core category was “adjusting care channels”; seven other categories also emerged. Care channels refer to options for hygiene care practices. When nurses are first assigned to a ward, they regard hygiene care as the “bare task under organization rules.” However, through repeated processes of “emerging caring with patient resonance” and “internalizing the meaning of care,” they can “form care channels.” Subsequently, nurses become practitioners who can transform practices of hygiene care into “care to be restricted” or “wealth of ‘life behind the curtain’” by “adjusting care channels” according to the patient and ward organization situation. In contrast, if nurses fail to internalize the meaning of care, they end up performing “pro forma activities.”ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of nurses to improve their ability to “adjust care channels,” which would allow them to provide hygiene care in a manner appropriate to the patient and organizational context. These results contribute to the development of educational strategies that foster nurses' values of hygiene care and support strategies by nursing managers.
Predictive value of abnormal expression of MPHOSPH9 in reintervention after high intensity focused ultrasound treatment of uterine fibroids
Authors: Wang Jing , Xie Yingjie , Zeng Chaoqiang , Nie Lin , Yang Yang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsAberrantly expressed MPHOSPH9 has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in many diseases. Previous study indicates that MPHOSPH9 is abnormally expressed in patients with uterine fibroids (UFs). This study focused on the possible prognostic value of MPHOSPH9 in UFs patients after high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment.MethodsA total of 455 UFs patients participated in the study, including 95 patients who needed reintervention (Reintervention group) and 360 patients who did not need reintervention (Non‐reintervention group) after HIFU treatment. They volunteered blood samples before HIFU treatment. The relative expression of MPHOSPH9 was assessed by qRT‐PCR. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of MPHOSPH9 and risk factors of postoperative reintervention.ResultsThe expression of MPHOSPH9 was markedly elevated in Reintervention, compared to that of the Non‐reintervention group (p < 0.001). Five‐year follow‐up results showed that among these postoperative patients, 95 patients required reintervention and the reintervention time mainly occurred during 10–40 months after surgery. The Cox regression analysis demonstrated that UFs size (hazard ratio = 2.769, 95% confidence interval: 1.366–5.610) and the high MPHOSPH9 expression level (hazard ratio = 3.160, 95% confidence interval: 1.506–6.630) were independent risk factors for postoperative reintervention.ConclusionsThe enhanced MPHOSPH9 was a potential candidate for predicting postoperative reintervention in UFs patients.
Utility of manual vacuum aspiration followed by curettage in the treating hydatidiform mole: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Aoki Ui , Yoshida Kosuke , Yasui Yuko , Nishiko Yuki , Yokoi Akira , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Nishino Kimihiro , Yamamoto Eiko , Niimi Kaoru , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimWhile manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) is commonly employed for early first‐trimester abortions, its effectiveness in treating hydatidiform mole is still unclear. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MVA in comparison to dilation and curettage (D&C) for managing hydatidiform mole.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of medical records for 198 patients with hydatidiform mole treated at Nagoya University Hospital between 2004 and 2023. After excluding cases with incomplete data, we compared 106 patients who underwent D&C with 60 patients treated with MVA followed by curettage. We evaluated the surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, and the occurrence of post‐molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) in both groups.ResultsThe surgical duration and blood loss were similar between the MVA and D&C groups. The average surgical time was 13.2 min for D&C and 11.8 min for MVA (p = 0.145). Most cases in both groups experienced blood loss of less than 10 mL, with no significant difference (p = 0.066). Over a median follow‐up period of 33.4 months, 25 cases developed post‐molar GTN. All GTN cases originated from complete hydatidiform mole (25 of 132 cases, 18.9%), and none were from partial hydatidiform mole. Kaplan–Meier analysis, focusing only on patients with complete hydatidiform mole, indicated no significant difference in the time to onset of GTN between the D&C and MVA groups (p = 0.632).ConclusionsMVA followed by curettage is a viable approach for treating molar pregnancy.
Management of alar webbing using a CAD‐CAM splint: A case report
Authors: Boulet Reid , Canallatos Jessica , Best David , Perry Robert J 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlar webbing is a functional and aesthetic defect of the nasal structure noted in cleft lip and palate patients (CLP), which is thought to be due to a deficiency in nasal lining tissue. Surgical procedures have previously focused on the removal of lining or alar cartilage leading to worse post‐operative defects. This case demonstrates a novel technique of releasing the tissue, followed by using a CAD‐CAM splint to help mold the tissue during the healing process to better control esthetics, symmetry, and prevent relapse. The release of scarred tissue using a custom CAD‐CAM stent is a promising technique that allows for symmetric healing and an overall aesthetic surgical result for patients.
Plio‐Pleistocene Environmental Changes Drove the Settlement of Aotearoa New Zealand by Australian Open‐Habitat Bird Lineages
Authors: Lubbe Pascale , Rawlence Nicolas J. , Dussex Nicolas , Kardialsky Olga , Knapp Michael 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn a changing environment, vacant niches can be filled either by adaptation of local taxa or range‐expanding invading species. The relative tempo of these patterns is of key interest in the modern age of climate change. Aotearoa New Zealand has been a hotspot of biogeographic research for decades due to its long‐term isolation and dramatic geological history. An island with high levels of faunal endemicity, it is a system well suited to studying the relative effects of in situ evolution versus dispersal in determining faunal assemblages, while its turbulent climate and geological history provide valuable insights into the evolutionary impacts of environmental changes. Such investigations are of urgent importance given predicted climate change and human impacts rapidly affecting environments globally. Here, we analyse the divergence dates of nearly all endemic Aotearoa New Zealand bird species from their overseas relatives to assess the role of environmental changes in driving speciation and colonisation, with special regard to cooling climate during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. We uncover a wave of colonisation events by Australian open‐habitat adapted species since the Pliocene that peaked at the beginning of the Pleistocene. Furthermore, we highlight an even distribution of divergence dates in forest‐adapted taxa through time, consistent with millions of years of extensive forest cover. Finally, we note parallels to the modern‐day establishment of new bird populations from Australia and suggest this is largely influenced by anthropogenic land‐use patterns. This research contributes to the growing body of work recognising the long‐lasting impacts of Pleistocene climate change on Aotearoa New Zealand's avifauna, and reinforces biological invasions as a key evolutionary response to changing environmental conditions.
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of short‐day onions using molecular markers in association with resistance to Fusarium basal rot
Authors: Poursakhi SaeidReza , Asadi‐Gharneh Hossein Ali , Nasr‐Esfahani Mehdi , Abbasi Zahra , Hassanzadeh Khankahdani Hamed 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this research, we analyzed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of eighteen different onion genotypes with various resistant levels to FOC. The results showed that the polymorphism means between RAPD primers was 61.11 to 81.81%; ISSR primers, 62.50 to 81.81%; and SRAP primers, 56.25 to 76.25%. Overall, by assessing MI, PIC, I and H indices, indicating the best thrive in evaluating the genetic diversity of the related onion populations. There is a significant correlation between the generated dendrograms based on similarity matrices. The classification pattern in dendrograms shows a corresponding correlation with the FOC disease severity bunches. So in all three markers studied, ‘Saba’ and ‘Saba ‐ HS’, the most resistant ones to FOC disease, were grouped in a branch, and the ‘Sahar ‐ HS’ and ‘Golden Eye’, the most susceptible ones were also grouped in another branch separately. This finding indicates that predominant primers act as markers linked to resistance gene(s) against FOC, which can be used to select onions resistant to FOC disease in any breeding scheme.
Comparative study of a commercial formula containing natural antimicrobials versus oral cephalexin or topical chlorhexidine‐miconazole therapies for treating superficial pyoderma in dogs
Authors: Gmyterco Vanessa Cunningham , Luciano Fernando Bittencourt , Ludwig Lucas André , Evangelista Alberto Gonçalves , Ferreira Tássia Sell , Borek Fernanda , de Farias Marconi Rodrigues 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundChronic and recurrent pyoderma in dogs is driving a growing interest in natural antimicrobial products that offer minimal adverse effects and avoid antibiotic resistance.ObjectivesEvaluate the safety and efficacy of dermatological products with antimicrobial peptides and plant extracts, comparing them to chlorhexidine + miconazole and cephalexin therapy for superficial pyoderma in dogs.Materials and MethodsForty‐five dogs with superficial pyoderma underwent clinical, cytopathological and microbiological diagnosis, and were randomly assigned to Group 1 (G1) treated with shampoo (two weekly baths) and lotion (twice daily on the affected areas) containing natural antimicrobials; Group 2 (G2) treated with two weekly baths using a therapeutic shampoo containing 2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% miconazole; or Group 3 (G3) treated with oral cephalexin 30 mg/kg twice daily. Staphylococcus spp. strains were identified using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation–time of flight mass spectrometry and pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS)/lesion scores were evaluated on Day (D)0, D7, D14, D21 and D28.ResultsStatistical differences (p < 0.05) were noted between D0 and D28 in PVAS values and lesion scores for all groups. G1 had lower PVAS scores than other groups on D7 and D14 (p < 0.05) and lower lesion scores than G3 on D7. By D28, G1 and G3 had lower lesion scores than G2. Notably, G1 and G2 had no adverse effects, while 26% of G3 patients experienced gastrointestinal issues during therapy.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis preliminary investigation of the new product (G1) suggests that it is effective, safe and a promising topical treatment for managing superficial pyoderma in dogs, offering an alternative to systemic antibiotics and topical antiseptic treatments.