bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pure Economic Losses from the Russian Perspective
Authors: Nektov Artyom , Stepanov Semyon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The article is devoted to the issue of compensation for pure economic losses under Russian law. The category of pure economic losses came into the focus of Russian researchers relatively recently. Currently, the mainstream discussion of Russian scholars on the topic is based on the analysis of foreign cases and arguments related to them. Meanwhile, Russian case law has been enriched with precedents that can lead to a non-consistent way for resolving such kind of disputes. We propose the approach that the reimbursement of pure economic losses directly depends on the determination of the limits of tort liability or its conditions. Thereby, the comprehensive analysis of these conditions will make it possible to more clearly define the scope of the pure economic losses. Nevertheless, the conservatism of the Russian doctrine of tort law and the inconsistency of law enforcement does not always allow us to apply the usual conditions of tort liability as a method for analyzing pure economic losses under Russian law. Thus, we consider the arguments for and against the recovery of pure economic losses that have developed abroad and are often discussed by Russian scholars. Besides, the article deals with the most important cases in which the courts have granted claims for the recovery of the pure economic losses. Nevertheless, the reasoning of the courts does not always look satisfactory, since it has not always been supported by the strict analysis of conditions of tort liability. We also consider cases where courts’ attention to factual circumstances prevails over their legal analysis. Although these cases reflect the current Russian political agenda, we posit that they provide with valuable material for legal discussion on the issue of recovery of pure economic losses. The coherent application of liability conditions would have removed the political context of these cases and led to the concentration of courts’ attention on the legal details of the cases. As a result, the authors postulate the need to analyze the core of tort liability, i.e., its conditions. This will create a more subtle mechanism for setting up tort liability and develop immunity of tort law to exogenous factors related to the political context.
Staatsbürger:innenschaft unter Bedingungen des Krieges – Expansives Lernen als Möglichkeit für Vergebung und Versöhnung
Authors: Engelmann Sebastian 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Krieg verändert pädagogische Verhältnisse – die Reflexion dieser Veränderungen bleibt aber oft aus. Statt über die Bedingungen pädagogischen Handelns in Kriegszeiten wird zumeist nur der Weg zum Frieden diskutiert. Unter Rückgriff auf das Konzept der belligerent citizenship wird in diesem Beitrag herausgearbeitet, wie sich die Voraussetzungen pädagogischen Handelns in Kriegszeiten verändern. Zudem wird das Konzept der expansive education eingeführt, um auszuweisen, wie demokratie- und menschenrechtspädagogische Arbeit ermöglicht werden kann. Anerkennung von Schuld, Vergebung und Versöhnung sind zentrale Begriffe, die weiter zu reflektieren sind. Der Artikel leistet so einen grundlagentheoretischen Beitrag für pädagogisches Denken und Handeln unter kriegerischen Bedingungen.
Trotz Krieg vom gerechten Frieden sprechen – kirchliche Begleitung von Religionslehrkräften
Authors: Baumann Ulrike 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Durch den Krieg in der Ukraine sind Religionslehrer:innen mit einem Dilemma konfrontiert: Viele von ihnen gehen als friedensbewegte Christen von der Möglichkeit einer friedvollen Koexistenz in der Welt aus und erleben gleichzeitig einen Bruch des Völkerrechts in Europa, der auch ihre Schüler:innen mit gravierender Angst belastet. Der Artikel zeigt auf, wie kirchliche Fortbildung Religionslehrer:innen in dieser komplexen Situation begleiten kann, und wertet dazu friedenspädagogische Erfahrungen aus. Er nimmt die Diskussion um den gerechten Frieden als Leitbild in der neuen Weltlage als Orientierungsrahmen auf. Es zeigt sich, dass trotz bleibender Spannungen Kompetenzen gefördert werden können, die angesichts des Kriegs heute zur Friedensfähigkeit nötig sind.
Retromer oligomerization drives SNX‐BAR coat assembly and membrane constriction
Authors: Gopaldass Navin , De Leo Maria Giovanna , Courtellemont Thibault , Mercier Vincent , Bissig Christin , Roux Aurélien , Mayer Andreas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProteins exit from endosomes through tubular carriers coated by retromer, a complex that impacts cellular signaling, lysosomal biogenesis and numerous diseases. The coat must overcome membrane tension to form tubules. We explored the dynamics and driving force of this process by reconstituting coat formation with yeast retromer and the BAR‐domain sorting nexins Vps5 and Vps17 on oriented synthetic lipid tubules. This coat oligomerizes bidirectionally, forming a static tubular structure that does not exchange subunits. High concentrations of sorting nexins alone constrict membrane tubes to an invariant radius of 19 nm. At lower concentrations, oligomers of retromer must bind and interconnect the sorting nexins to drive constriction. Constricting less curved membranes into tubes, which requires more energy, coincides with an increased surface density of retromer on the sorting nexin layer. Retromer‐mediated crosslinking of sorting nexins at variable densities may thus tune the energy that the coat can generate to deform the membrane. In line with this, genetic ablation of retromer oligomerization impairs endosomal protein exit in yeast and human cells.
Challenges of Epidural Hematoma Treatment after Cranioplasty: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Žalalytė Živilė , Šustickas Gytis 
Published: January 2023

Cranioplasty has its risks and complications as all surgical procedures. Treatment of complications are poorly known and could raise significant challenges. One of these complications is epidural fluid collection (EFC). We presented a case of recurrence EFC with deterioration of consciousness. A decompressive craniectomy was performed after rotten subdural hematoma and craniectomy so a cranioplasty was done after more than a half year of cured infection. An EFC occurred next day and one month after the cranioplasty. Due to many repetitive surgeries and head computed tomography scans a vacuum drainage system was formed. After twelve days of treatment the patient improved and the EDC disappeared with this system. We tried to search possible causes and treatment methods for EFC in literature. However, the pathogenesis is still unknown and treatment is only symptomatic.
Extranodal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Small Bowel in Female Patient Causing Intestinal Obstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Nikolovski Andrej , Trajkova Sanja , Dukovski Dushko , Spirov Goran , Petrushevska Gordana 
Published: January 2023

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most common extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the small intestine accounting for more than 50% of cases. Forty percent of these cases initially present with small bowel obstruction. Therefore, the diagnosis is usually established after surgery for bowel obstruction. The treatment is then continued with a certain chemotherapy regimens. We present a case of a 46-years-old female patient with signs of small bowel obstruction due to previously undiagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with 7 cycles of R-CHOP protocol and complete response was achieved in the short follow-up period.
Factors Associated with Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Treated at Serui General Hospital, Papua Indonesia
Authors: Baihaqi Fahri Ahmad , Rumaropen Henny 
Published: January 2023

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a high fatality rate and has caused around 4,771,408 deaths worldwide as of 30 September 2021. COVID-19 infection presents various severity levels, starting from asymptomatic to severe symptoms that lead to death. Mortality in COVID-19 patients is associated with multiple risk factors. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in Serui General Hospital, Papua, Indonesia. A cross-sectional analytic observational study was performed in Serui General Hospital from September 2020to September 2021. Subjects were COVID-19 positive inpatients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variables were demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, comorbidities, and lab findings, while the dependent variable was mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test and logistic regression. This study included sixty-nine patients with 21 (30.4%) of them were non-survivors. The multivariate analysis showed that an NLR of >3.13 (OR 7.49; p=0.037; 95% CI 1.63–34.35), hypertension (OR 4.71; p=0.019; 95% CI 1.28–17.29), and age (OR 4.26; p=0.028; 95% CI 1.17–15.52) were associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Thus, NLR >3.13, hypertension, and age are considered to be the risk factors associated with the mortality caused by COVID-19 among patients in Serui General Hospital.
Identificación de rizobios promotores del crecimiento vegetal asociados a garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Ortega García Marisel , Ríos Rocafull Yoania , Zelaya Molina Lily , Lara Aguilera Juan , Orteaga Garibay Ramón , Nápoles García María Caridad 
Published: January 2023

Introducción. Rhizobium ha sido utilizado como estimulador del crecimiento en leguminosas. Diferentes especies de este grupo se asocian al garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.), por lo que resulta importante obtener aislados con capacidad de beneficiar su crecimiento y productividad. Objetivo. Seleccionar e identificar aislados de Rhizobium sp. en cuanto a sus atributos como rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal con mayor efectividad en su asociación a cultivares de garbanzo. Materiales y métodos. Los estudios se realizaron entre los años 2017-2020, en el Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt”, La Habana, Cuba. Se identificaron por secuenciación del gen 16S ARN tres cepas de rizobios, obtenidas de nódulos de garbanzo y se caracterizaron por su potencial como bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal. Se realizó un experimento en condiciones de campo en dos campañas para demostrar su efectividad en la interacción con las plantas. Para los experimentos en condiciones de laboratorio se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado, mientras que los ensayos en campo se realizaron bajo un diseño de bloques al azar, en ambos casos se realizó un análisis de varianza. Resultados. Las tres cepas bacterianas asociadas al garbanzo e identificadas como Rhizobium sp., fijaron nitrógeno atmosférico, solubilizaron fosfato de calcio, liberaron fitohormonas y fueron capaces de inhibir el crecimiento de Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium incarnatum y Fusarium moniliforme. La inoculación en el garbanzo, incrementó la nodulación y las variables de rendimiento del cultivo número de vainas por planta y masa fresca de los granos (g). Conclusión. Se identificaron cepas de Rhizobium sp. con atributos como bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal asociadas a cultivares nacionales de garbanzo que incrementaron su nodulación y rendimiento.
(RETRACTED) Ligustrazine Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xufeng , Wang Junfu , Cao Yanhua , Li Kalin , Sun Chao , Jiang Wen , Xin Qian , Wang Jue , Qi Tonggang , Liu Shuangde , Luan Yun 
Published: January 2023

Ligustrazine is a Chinese herb (Chuanxiong) approved for use as a medical drug in China. Recent evidence suggests that ligustrazine has promising antitumor properties. Our preliminary results showed that ligustrazine could inhibit the growth of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. However, the complicated molecular mechanism has not been fully revealed. Therefore, the purpose of this study to investigate the mechanism of ligustrazine resistance in human RCC cells. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony-formation ability of RCC cells A498 were detected by MTT assay, clonal formation rates, and transwell chamber assay in vitro. The expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)–related proteins were analyzed using western blot test. The effect of ligustrazine on the growth of A498 cells in nude mice was investigated in vivo. Our results showed that ligustrazine could significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A498 both in vivo and vitro. Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of EMT-related, N-cadherin, snail, and slug proteins were significantly decreased in A498 in the ligustrazine treatment group. This study indicated that ligustrazine could significantly inhibit the malignant biological behaviors of RCC cell lines, possibly by inhibiting the EMT process.
Development of control algorithms for magnetoelectric generator with axial magnetic flux and double stator based on mathematical modeling
Authors: Ostroverkhov Mykola , Chumack Vadim , Falchenko Maksym , Kovalenko Mykhailo 
Published: January 2023

The object of this research is electromechanical processes in a generator with an axial magnetic flux and a double stator and an additional non-contact excitation winding operating as part of autonomous electric power systems. The power of the additional excitation system is about 2 % of the generator power.
The presence of an additional non-contact winding, which is powered by direct current, makes it possible to control the generator voltage by changing the excitation current. This resolves the task to stabilize the output voltage of the generator with permanent magnets when the load and shaft speed change.
This paper reports the construction of a three-dimensional field axisymmetric mathematical model of the generator under study, which has made it possible to calculate and investigate its characteristics and parameters, in particular the magnitude of magnetic induction in all structural elements. The model built takes into account the influence of finite effects, magnetic scattering fields, and the radial-axial nature of the closure of the main magnetic flux and the magnetic flux of the additional excitation winding. The use of a structure with a double stator makes it possible to more efficiently utilize the usable volume of the generator and to increase its power.
A mathematical model of the generator in the d-q coordinate system was built, which has made it possible to synthesize algorithms for controlling the automatic voltage stabilization system of the generator voltage under conditions of change in load and shaft speed. Control algorithms were developed on the basis of the concept of inverse dynamics problems in combination with minimizing local functionalities of instantaneous energy values, which ensures that the system is robust when changing generator parameters and that regulators are implemented in a simple way, due to the lack of differentiation operations.
Based on the models built and algorithms developed, the quality of control of the generator's output voltage when the load and frequency of the generator change was investigated by modeling in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. When setting a jump in the rated load and changing the rotational speed within ±15 % of the rated value, the automatic stabilization system provides astatic voltage control at a given level of 48 V.
The results can be practically used in the design of autonomous electric power systems with high energy conversion efficiency, in particular wind turbines and hydraulic units
The influence of various preheating and direction of magnetic field on combustion characteristics of palm oil droplets for boiler combustion in power generation system
Authors: Perdana Dony , Hatta Mochammad , Rosidin Mochammad Khoirul , Hanifudin Muhamad 
Published: January 2023

Research has been carried out on the effect of various preheating and the direction of the magnetic field on the flame characteristics of droplet combustion. This study is important to substitute fuel from fossils with vegetable oil that is environment friendly. The variations of the magnetic field are south-south pole, north-north pole, south-north pole, north-south pole, and without. A drop of palm oil is placed on a type K thermocouple between two magnetic rods. The high-speed camera of 120 fps from the front recorded the flame from the start until it went out. The researcher found out the influence of various preheating in palm oil and the magnetic characteristics and behavior of the flame. The direction of the north-south magnetic field had a higher magnetic field strength, caused the droplet combustion to increases resulting in a wider flame but a lower and more stable height compared to other magnetic field directions. The speed of combustion affected by the magnetic field intensity which resulted the flow rate of O2, therefore the combustion speed happened quickly because between O2 and the fuel molecules easily react and were more flammable. The strength of the magnetic field increased oxygen concentration and fuel molecule around the reaction zone causing a short burning, resulting in a change delay time the shorter but the flame temperature increased. Stability, shape, temperature, height, delay time and combustion duration were highly valuable to design an efficient heat generator industry with the addition of magnet field. This study provides insight into the influence of magnetic field direction in magnetic field intensity on droplet combustion characteristics for boiler combustion in the power generation system
Development of a resource-saving technology for the treatment of ferrum-containing wastewater from etching operations
Authors: Yatskov Mykola , Korchyk Natalia , Budenkova Nadia , Mysina Oksana 
Published: January 2023

The object of this study is wastewater from chloride and sulfate etching operations.
This paper reports results of research on ways to reduce the consumption of chemical reagents in wastewater treatment systems from etching operations. Spent etching solutions are subject to regeneration with return to the production process and partial dosing to the main stream of wastewater. It was found that at a ferrum concentration of 30 g/l in etching solutions, the solution must be treated with an alkaline reagent (10–20 % NaOH) to pH=3.5–4.0 in order to return to the technological process. In this case, the final concentration of ferrum is 11 g/l. The use of hydrogen peroxide (20–40 % H2O2) together with the alkaline reagent makes it possible to increase the degree of extraction by 30 %, that is, the final concentration of ferrum is 8 g/l. When discharging 1 m3 of etching solutions, 0.5 m3 is subject to regeneration and, after mixing with 0.5 m3 of the commercial reagent (HCl) it returns to the technological process. Commercial acid consumption is reduced by 50 %. It was shown that the use of individual flows of waste solutions as a chemical reagent reduces the cost of reagents for their neutralization (saving alkaline reagent is 80 %). Thus, 1.2 kg/m3 of a commercially available reagent (NaOH) is consumed per 1 m3 of solutions (etching and degreasing) after mixing them, and, without mutual neutralization, this consumption is 6 kg/m3. To neutralize etching solutions, it is recommended to carry out the process in the range of pH=6.5–7.5. For a solution in which Fe3+ ions predominate with an initial concentration of 0.53 mol/L, a degree of extraction of 0.9 is achieved, and the total consumption of the reagent (7.1 mol/l) exceeds the stoichiometric one by only 10 %.
Deep purification from ferrum-containing impurities using a magnetic device expands the possibilities of practical implementation of further desalting with inverse osmosis.
Determining patterns in the formation of cordierite phase during the synthesis of density-sintered low-temperature ceramics based on glasses of the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system
Authors: Zaichuk Oleksandr , Amelina Aleksandra , Kalishenko Yuliia , Hordieiev Yurii 
Published: January 2023

The search for effective modifiers of the structure of densely baked cordierite ceramics to reduce the firing temperature is a relevant task but typically requires a large amount of experimental research. The object of this study is the reaction of the formation of the cordierite phase with the participation of glass components of the eutectic compositions of the MgO– Al2O3–SiO2 system under low-temperature firing conditions. In this case, thermodynamic analysis was used as a tool to assess the probability of chemical reactions. Thermodynamic analysis can significantly reduce the volume of the experimental sample.
This paper reports the results of theoretical and experimental studies into the features of the course of chemical reactions with the participation of glass components of eutectic compositions of the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system. It was revealed that once the stoichiometric ratio is maintained, the resulting product of the interaction between the components of eutectic glasses of the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system with charging components is cordierite. Changes in the mineralogical composition of cordierite compositions depending on the firing temperature have been determined. The formation of the cordierite phase is preceded by the process of transformation of meta kaolinite Al2O3·2SiO2, which is a product of kaolin dehydration, into mullite 3Al2O3·2SiO2. Subsequently, the formation of cordierite (in addition to crystallizing directly from eutectic glasses) occurs with the participation of the mullite phase. The formation of the cordierite phase occurs in several stages and is completed at a temperature of 1300 °C. The established features of the reactions of cordierite formation make it possible to determine the most optimal compositions for glasses of the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system to obtain low-temperature cordierite ceramics with a high degree of sintering. At the same time, it is also possible to control the phase composition of ceramics and its properties
Numerical analysis on temperature distribution and mass fraction of an evacuated tube using phase-changing
Authors: Kareem Khudhair Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

With the advancement of environmentally friendly power innovations and the utilization of phase changing materials in the upkeep of nuclear power, it was important to attempt to further develop the intensity move of stage evolving materials.
A 2D CFD recreation was performed to mimic the softening system of a phase Change material (PCM) which fills a round and hollow pit that incorporates warming sources. CFD model in light of the actual enthalpy equation was utilized to reenact the phase change of strong gallium and for the mathematical timing of the warming sources as per the working circumstances regarding the applied temperatures. Mathematical impact of warming sources, as well as limit conditions for heat move the attributes be analyzed exhaustively.
The Arrangement with balances upgrades heat move and further develops PCM liquefying time. The theory of heat spread in a fin is based on the fact that temperatures rise and fall with the length of the fin. Temperatures reach 316 K at a time of 300 seconds, which is 100 seconds less than when the fin is 7 mm shorter.
The best case for a fin length of 14 mm is the best case compared to the others.
Where has been utilized Fourfold warm blades encompass the intensity pipe in two lengths: 14 mm and 7 mm, with various thicknesses 1, 2, 3 mm and the estimation are mathematically assessed for a few explicit focuses situated inside the concentrated-on developments decide the impact of overhauling warming sources.
As a matter of fact, temperature development and fluid part work on highlights of the concentrated-on developments, which are round and hollow warming sources and finned warming hotspots for the applied temperature (Th=40 °C) the applied temperature