bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of climate warming on flowering phenology in relation to historical annual and seasonal temperatures and plant functional traits
Authors: Geissler Cole , Davidson Allison , Niesenbaum Richard A. 
Published: April 2023

Climate warming has the potential to influence plant flowering phenology which in turn can have broader ecological consequences. Herbarium collections offer a source of historical plant data that makes possible the ability to document and better understand how warming climate can influence long-term shifts in flowering phenology. We examined the influence of annual, winter, and spring temperatures on the flowering phenology of herbarium specimens for 36 species collected from 1884–2015. We then compared the response to warming between native and non-native, woody and herbaceous, dry and fleshy fruit, and spring vs summer blooming species. Across all species, plants flowered 2.26 days earlier per 1 °C increase in annual average temperatures and 2.93 days earlier per 1 °C increase in spring onset average temperatures. Winter temperatures did not significantly influence flowering phenology. The relationship of temperature and flowering phenology was not significantly different between native and non-native species. Woody species flowered earlier than herbaceous species only in response to increasing annual temperatures. There was no difference in the phenological response between species with dry fruits and those fleshy fruits for any of the temperature periods. Spring blooming species exhibited a significantly greater phenological response to warming yearly average temperatures than summer blooming species. Although herbarium specimens can reveal climate change impacts on phenology, it is also evident that the phenological responses to warming vary greatly among species due to differences in functional traits such as those considered here, as well as other factors.
Photogrammetric Evaluation of Proximal Femoral Morphometric Parameters of Southern Nigerians
Authors: Bob-Manuel Ibinabo Fubara , Bob-Manuel Sotonye Fayeofori 
Published: April 2023

Background: Understanding the dimensions of the structural configuration of human skeleton is requisite in anthropologic and forensic anatomy, radiologic anatomy and orthopaedics.
Aim: This study presents a new method of using photogrammetry to obtain and analyse data of the morphometric parameters of the neck, proximal shaft (intertrochanteric or epiphyses area) of the proximal aspect of the cadaveric femur.
Methodology: A total of 127 dry human femur bones studied and analysed critically using photogrammetry. The following parameters were calculated for each femur: femoral neck shaft angle (FNSA), femoral neck intertrochanteric angle (FNIA), femoral shaft intertrochanteric angle (FSIA), and the area of femoral intertrochanteric triangle (FITAREA).
Results: The mean gotten for measured parameters are FNSA=132.91, FNIA=96.50, FSIA=35.93, FITAREA = 59.38mm2. Statistical analysis of the obtained data showed no significant (p<0.01) differences in all measured parameters between right and left sides. From the outcome of this study, highly significant (p<0.01) positive correlation between FNSA and FSIA, and FSIA and FNIA was observed.
Conclusion: We conclude that dynamic and robust understanding of the geometry and strength of the proximal end of the os femora requires parameters that conform to anatomical facts between the head, neck and proximal shaft of the os femora. This advocate how useful the FNIA and FSIA would be when used together with the FNSA in prognosis and managing proximal femoral fractures as it defines the geometric relation between the neck, intertrochanteric area (proximal epiphyseal area) and the shaft of femur. FITAREA which depicts the strength of the femoral epiphyseal or intertrochanteric area would also be useful in this regard. We recommend the possible use of the parameters measured in this study to improve prediction and management of proximal femoral fractures as they better elucidate an understanding of the morphology and strength of the proximal extremity of the os femora.
Prevalence and Management of Helminthiasis and Virological Outcomes among HIV Co-infected Under-fives: A Case Study of Mwananyamala Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Ng’ondya Odino Brighton , Sangeda Raphael Zozimus , Mwambete Kennedy Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Background: Helminthiasis (HL) is a parasitic infection caused by worms that infect human body. The disease affects different regions of the world, but it is more prevalent in sub-Saharan African countries. A strong association between immunological status and helminthiasis among under-fives living with HIV infection (ULHI) has been reported.
Aim: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and management of helminthiasis and virological outcomes among ULHI receiving health care at the Care and Treatment Centre (CTC) located at Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Methodology: This was a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study involving scrutiny of the clinical records of ULHI, who sought medical attention at MRRH. The clinical records were randomly selected and examined, focusing on the prevalence rate of HL, the co-management of HIV and HL infections, the virological outcome based on the HIV viral load, and other relevant data.
Results: A total of 499 ULHI were involved; of those, 254 (50.9%) were females and 245 (49.5%) were males. About 49% of the ULHI had HL. The prevalence of HL and the age of ULHI were both associated with the virological outcome (HVL). ULHI with lower HVL had a relatively greater HL prevalence. The most widely utilized antihelmintics were ABZ, MBZ and IVE, in that order. The most frequently prescribed drugs for co-infections were ABZ-ALL and MBZ-TLD combinations, which exhibited lower HVL.
Conclusion: Helminthiasis is still prevalent among ULHI, and use of prophylactic antihelminthics was associated with virological success (lower HVL). The prevalence of HL was relatively higher among ULHI with lower HVL.
Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis: An Infection Still Fatal: A Case Report
Authors: El Hachimi Rim , Hadiri Rida EL , Sbai Latifa , Arari Nihal EL , Boutimzine Noureddine , Samira Tachfouti , Abdellah Amazouzi , Hassan Abdallah EL , Cherkaoui Lalla Ouafa 
Published: April 2023

We report a case of a 54-year-old patient, an unbalanced diabetic, who presented rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis with orbital involvement as circumstance of discovery. The aims are to highlight the importance of making an early diagnosis to improve prognosis of this infectious pathology. Early diagnosis requires clinical suspicion of infection in all immunocompromised patients, particularly in diabetics with ketoacidosis and clinical research of typical necrotic plaques on the eyelid, palate or sinus level. Histopathological analysis makes diagnosis. Angiography-MRA and angiography-CT scan remain complementary examinations to assess the extension and guide treatment. The management must be multidisciplinary. Association of intravenous antifungal treatment (especially amphotericin B) and localized or radical surgical debridement is the treatment of choice. Local treatment with amphotericin B increases tissue penetration.
Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Hepatoprotective Property of Crude and Fractions of Triumfetta cordifolia A. Rich. (Tiliaceae)
Authors: Ikenna Chikeokwu , Chiamaka Ene Erica , Theodora C. Mba , Odoh Uche Estella 
Published: April 2023

Background: The role of phytochemicals in modern medicine is abundant with more evidence being published. Triumfetta cordifolia is a local plant known for its vast medicinal applications in traditional medicine with limited documented evidence. This study thus aims to evaluate the leaves of Triumfetta cordifolia to determine its Pharmacognostic parameters and hepatoprotective potential.
Methodology: The leaves were collected, identified, dried and subsequently pulverized before maceration in methanol. This was followed by fractionation using different solvent with increasing polarities (n-hexane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous methanol). Physicochemical evaluations such as macroscopy, organoleptic tests, qualitative phytochemical analysis and total phenolic content was subsequently conducted on the extracts. Finally, an acute toxicity test and hepatoprotective evaluation was performed, the latter using carbon tetrachloride.
Results: The leaves Triumfetta cordifolia on macroscopic evaluation shown a simple, alternate, stipules triangular, densely stellate hairy leaves. The organoleptic evaluation indicated a pungent aromatic smell and a slightly bitter taste. Several phytochemicals such as tannins, saponins, glycosides, steroids and flavonoids were identified qualitatively.The extracts was safe at a dose less than 5,000mg/kg. The ethyl acetate fraction showed consistent hepatoprotective activity at a concentration of 400 mg/kg when compared to Gallic acid (positive control). This was possibly due to its high composition of phenolic compounds which was recorded during the study.
Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of Triumfetta cordifolia leaves exhibited a hepatoprotective effect thus showcasing the potential benefits of the plant in mitigating liver damage. More research is however needed to identify specific compounds being extracted that may be responsible for the activity recorded in this study.
Nonfatal Firearm Injury and Firearm Mortality in High-risk Youths and Young Adults 25 Years After Detention
Authors: Zheng Nanzi , Abram Karen M. , Welty Leah J. , Aaby David A. , Meyerson Nicholas S. , Teplin Linda A. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceYouths, especially Black and Hispanic males, are disproportionately affected by firearm violence. Yet, no epidemiologic studies have examined the incidence rates of nonfatal firearm injury and firearm mortality in those who may be at greatest risk—youths who have been involved with the juvenile justice system.ObjectivesTo examine nonfatal firearm injury and firearm mortality in youths involved with the juvenile justice system and to compare incidence rates of firearm mortality with the general population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Northwestern Juvenile Project is a 25-year prospective longitudinal cohort study of 1829 youths after juvenile detention in Chicago, Illinois. Youths were randomly sampled by strata (sex, race and ethnicity, age, and legal status [juvenile or adult court]) at intake from the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center. Participants were interviewed at baseline (November 1995 to June 1998) and reinterviewed as many as 13 times over 16 years, through February 2015. Official records on mortality were collected through December 2020. Data analysis was conducted from November 2018 to August 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipants self-reported nonfatal firearm injuries. Firearm deaths were identified from county and state records and collateral reports. Data on firearm deaths in the general population were obtained from the Illinois Department of Public Health. Population counts were obtained from the US census.ResultsThe baseline sample of 1829 participants included 1172 (64.1%) males and 657 (35.9%) females; 1005 (54.9%) Black, 524 (28.6%) Hispanic, 296 (16.2%) non-Hispanic White, and 4 (0.2%) from other racial and ethnic groups (mean [SD] age, 14.9 [1.4] years). Sixteen years after detention, more than one-quarter of Black (156 of 575 [27.1%]) and Hispanic (103 of 387 [26.6%]) males had been injured or killed by firearms. Males had 13.6 (95% CI, 8.6-21.6) times the rate of firearm injury or mortality than females. Twenty-five years after the study began, 88 participants (4.8%) had been killed by a firearm. Compared with the Cook County general population, most demographic groups in the sample had significantly higher rates of firearm mortality (eg, rate ratio for males, 2.8; 95% CI, 2.0-3.9; for females: 6.5; 95% CI, 3.0-14.1; for Black males, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7-3.7; for Hispanic males, 9.6; 95% CI, 6.2-15.0; for non-Hispanic White males, 23.0; 95% CI, 11.7-45.5).Conclusions and RelevanceThis is the first study to examine the incidence of nonfatal firearm injury and firearm mortality in youths who have been involved with the juvenile justice system. Reducing firearm injury and mortality in high-risk youths and young adults requires a multidisciplinary approach involving legal professionals, health care professionals, educators, street outreach workers, and public health researchers.
Lanthanum Oxide Nanoparticles Reinforced Collagen ƙ‐Carrageenan Hydroxyapatite Biocomposite as Angio‐Osteogenic Biomaterial for In Vivo Osseointegration and Bone Repair
Authors: Vijayan Vinu , Sreekumar Sreelekshmi , Ahina Kannoth Madappurakkal , Lakra Rachita , Kiran Manikantan Syamala 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA composite biomatrix fabricated with collagen, ƙ‐carrageenan, hydroxyapatite reinforced with lanthanum oxide nanoparticles is explored as proangiogenic and osteogenic bone tissue repair biomaterial. The biomatrix shows increased physical and biological stability as observed from proteolytic degradation and thermal stability studies. The addition of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles facilitates good osseointegration coupled with simultaneous activation of proangiogenic properties to act as a bone mimicking material. The minimal level of reactive oxygen species and superior cytocompatibility help the as‐synthesized biomatrix in achieving capillary migration into the bone micro environment. The composite biomatrix upregulates the expression of VEGF, VEGF‐R2 genes in endothelial cells and osteopontin, osteocalcin in osteoblasts cells, respectively. The in vivo hard tissue repair experiment conducted in a rat model shows complete healing of the bone defect by eight weeks with the application of collagen‐ƙ‐carrageenan‐hydroxyapatite‐lanthanum oxide nanoparticle biomaterial when compared to the biomaterial made out of individual constituents alone. The biomaterial matrix gets biointegrated into the bone tissue and exerts its therapeutic value in bringing a faster osseo repair process. The study shows the feasibility of using rare‐earth metal nanoparticles in combination with protein‐polysaccharide biopolymers for bone regeneration.
Brightened Bicomponent Perovskite Nanocomposite Based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer for Micro‐LED Displays
Authors: Fan Xiaotong , Wang Shuli , Yang Xiao , Zhong Chenming , Chen Guolong , Yu Changzhi , Chen Yihang , Wu Tingzhu , Kuo Hao‐Chung , Lin Yue , Chen Zhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are making their way toward next‐generation display applications, such as serving as color conversion layers in micro‐light‐emitting‐diode (micro‐LED) arrays. Red PQDs containing iodine exhibit weaker brightness compared with their green counterpart when employed as color conversion layers. Therefore, PQDs with enhanced brightness are highly favorable for micro/mini‐LED displays. A universal strategy of bicomponent perovskite nanocomposite (BPNC) with significantly enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity is proposed through the built‐in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the core CsPbBr3 to the shell γ‐CsPbI3, and it is confirmed that it is through a pair of combined quasi‐degenerate energy levels in the blue spectra region that the FRET is conducted, resulting in a high excitation wavelength selectivity. Owing to the highly efficient energy transition route from blue excitation to red emission established by the FRET, the BPNC exhibits the brightest single‐peak red photoluminescence with near 100% quantum yield. The BPNC with FRET is further proven to be adaptable to a wide range of emission wavelengths. The BPNCs in a blue micro‐LED array are employed as color downconversion layers, and excellent color conversion properties and high color gamut are demonstrated. This strategy of BPNC paves a road to the full‐color micro‐LED displays.
Improved Silicon Surface Passivation by ALD Al2O3/SiO2 Multilayers with In‐Situ Plasma Treatments
Authors: Richter Armin , Patel Hemangi , Reichel Christian , Benick Jan , Glunz Stefan W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAl2O3 is one of the most effective dielectric surface passivation layers for silicon solar cells, but recent studies indicate that there is still room for improvement. Instead of a single layer, multilayers of only a few nanometers thickness offer the possibility to tailor material properties on a nanometer scale. In this study, the effect of various plasma treatments performed at different stages during the ALD deposition of Al2O3/SiO2 multilayers on the silicon surface passivation quality is evaluated. Significant improvements in surface passivation quality for some plasma treatments are observed, particularly for single Al2O3/SiO2 bilayers treated with a H2 plasma after SiO2 deposition. This treatment resulted in a surface recombination parameter J0 as low as 0.35 fA cm−2 on (100) surfaces of 10 Ω cm n‐type silicon, more than a factor of 5 lower than that of Al2O3 single layers without plasma treatment. Capacitance‐voltage measurements indicate that the improved surface passivation of the plasma‐treated samples results from an enhanced chemical interface passivation rather than an improved field effect. In addition, a superior temperature stability of the surface passivation quality is found for various plasma‐treated multilayers.
Employing Surface Curvature for Spatially Resolved X‐Ray Reflectivity: Graphene Domains on Liquid Copper
Authors: Belova Valentina , Jankowski Maciej , Saedi Mehdi , Groot Irene M. N. , Renaud Gilles , Konovalov Oleg V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHere the possibility of utilizing X‐ray reflectivity for visualization with ≈µm spatial resolution of a surface with a heterogeneous electron density due to a partial coverage by another nanometrically thin material is demonstrated. It requires the sample to be convexly bent, thus reflecting the collimated incident beam onto a magnified image recorded by a position‐sensitive detector. By the use of a small, intense, and parallel beam such as provided by the most recent synchrotron sources, one can record such spatially resolved X‐ray reflectivity with 0.1–1 kHz frame rate. The use of the method for in situ, time‐resolved characterization of single‐layer graphene domains during their chemical vapor deposition on a naturally curved surface of a liquid copper drop is demonstrated. This method can follow the growth kinetics, including the coverage ratio, 2D crystal (flake) sizes, and distances between flakes. By taking a single scan, the individual X‐ray reflectivity curves can be reconstructed, of both covered and noncovered parts of the surface, allowing to deduce the corresponding electron density profiles perpendicular to the surface. The technique has a promising perspective for in situ study of 2D materials, ultrathin films, and self‐assemblies on liquid as well as solid surfaces.
Epigenetic Control of Translation Checkpoint and Tumor Progression via RUVBL1‐EEF1A1 Axis
Authors: Li Mingli , Yang Lu , Chan Anthony K. N. , Pokharel Sheela Pangeni , Liu Qiao , Mattson Nicole , Xu Xiaobao , Chang Wen‐Han , Miyashita Kazuya , Singh Priyanka , Zhang Leisi , Li Maggie , Wu Jun , Wang Jinhui , Chen Bryan , Chan Lai N. , Lee Jaewoong , Zhang Xu Hannah , Rosen Steven T. , Müschen Markus , Qi Jun , Chen Jianjun , Hiom Kevin , Bishop Alexander J. R. , Chen Chun‐Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEpigenetic dysregulation is reported in multiple cancers including Ewing sarcoma (EwS). However, the epigenetic networks underlying the maintenance of oncogenic signaling and therapeutic response remain unclear. Using a series of epigenetics‐ and complex‐focused CRISPR screens, RUVBL1, the ATPase component of NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex, is identified to be essential for EwS tumor progression. Suppression of RUVBL1 leads to attenuated tumor growth, loss of histone H4 acetylation, and ablated MYC signaling. Mechanistically, RUVBL1 controls MYC chromatin binding and modulates the MYC‐driven EEF1A1 expression and thus protein synthesis. High‐density CRISPR gene body scan pinpoints the critical MYC interacting residue in RUVBL1. Finally, this study reveals the synergism between RUVBL1 suppression and pharmacological inhibition of MYC in EwS xenografts and patient‐derived samples. These results indicate that the dynamic interplay between chromatin remodelers, oncogenic transcription factors, and protein translation machinery can provide novel opportunities for combination cancer therapy.
Superior Energy Density Achieved in Unfilled Tungsten Bronze Ferroelectrics via Multiscale Regulation Strategy
Authors: Peng Haonan , Liu Zhen , Fu Zhengqian , Dai Kai , Lv Zhongqian , Guo Shaobo , Hu Zhigao , Xu Fangfang , Wang Genshui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe most promising candidates for energy storage capacitor application are relaxor ferroelectrics, among which, the perovskite structure ferroelectric ceramics have witnessed great development progress. However, less attention has been paid on tetragonal tungsten bronze structure (TTBS) ceramics because of their lower breakdown strength and polarization. Herein, a multiscale regulation strategy is proposed to tune the energy storage performances (ESP) of TTBS ceramics from grain, domain, and macroscopic scale. The enhanced relaxor behavior with dynamic polar nanodomains guarantees low remanent polarization, while the refined grains and enlarged bandgap ensure increased breakdown strength. Hence, excellent ESP is realized in unfilled TTBS Sr0.425La0.1□0.05Ba0.425Nb1.4Ta0.6O6 (SLBNT) ceramics with an ultrahigh recoverable energy density of 5.895 J cm−3 and a high efficiency of 85.37%. This achievement notably surpasses previous studies in TTBS ceramics and is comparable to that of perovskite components. Meanwhile, the energy density exhibits a wide temperature, frequency, and cycling fatigue stability. In addition, high power density (257.89 MW cm−3), especially the ultrafast discharge time (t0.9 = 16.4 ns) are achieved. The multiscale regulation strategy unlocks the energy storage potential of TTBS ceramics and thus highlights TTBS ceramics as promising candidates for energy storage, like perovskite structured ceramics.
Investigating the Electromechanical Behavior of Unconventionally Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2‐Based Capacitors Through Operando Nanobeam X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Stylianidis Evgenios , Surabhi Pranav , Hamming‐Green Ruben , Salverda Mart , Wei Yingfen , Burema Arjan , Matzen Sylvia , Banerjee Tamalika , Björling Alexander , Mukherjee Binayak , Dutta Sangita , Aramberri Hugo , Íñiguez Jorge , Noheda Beatriz , Carbone Dina , Nukala Pavan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding various aspects of ferroelectricity in hafnia‐based nanomaterials is of vital importance for the development of future nonvolatile memory and logic devices. Here, the unconventional and weak electromechanical response of epitaxial La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 ferroelectric capacitors is investigated, via the sensitivity offered by nanobeam X‐ray diffraction experiments during application of electrical bias. It is shown that the pristine rhombohedral phase exhibits a linear piezoelectric effect with piezoelectric coefficient (|d33|) ≈ 0.5–0.8 pmV−1. It is found that the piezoelectric response is suppressed above the coercive voltage. For higher voltages, and with the onset of DC conductivity throughout the capacitor, a second‐order effect is observed. The work sheds light into the electromechanical response of rhombohedral Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 and suggests its (un)correlation with ferroelectric switching.