bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Cutting Tool Wear on Flank and Rake Faces in CNC Machining of LM13 Al Alloy using PVD Coated and Uncoated Tools: SEM and EDX Investigation
Authors: Sanganagoudar Sahebagouda , Kohir Vishaldatta V 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

This research investigates cutting tool performance in machining LM13 aluminum alloy, focusing on rake face wear. Using SEM and EDX analysis, different PVD-coated and uncoated carbide tools are studied to determine the most effective tool. Results consistently show that the Hard Carbon (HC) coated tool outperforms others, with minimal wear and reduced Built-Up Edge (BUE) formation. HC coating prevents wear-related elements and maintains a clean cutting edge. Overall, the HC-coated tool enhances tool life, cutting efficiency, and surface finish in LM13 aluminum alloy machining, offering valuable insights for industries working with this material.
Silicon application enhances sugarcane growth by impairing the development of larval sugarcane borer
Authors: Sousa Amanda Cristina Guimarães , Pinto Ciro Pedro Guidotti , Santos Ana Letícia Zero dos , Fonseca Sandy Sousa , Camargo Mônica Sartori , Rossi Guilherme Duarte 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, is one of the main insect pests of sugarcane fields, and it has been mainly managed by the use of chemical or biological controls. Considering the benefits of Silicon (Si) fertilization against pests, it was assessed the development of sugarcane borer larvae and sugarcane growth with and without Si. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using a factorial design (2x2) with 10 repetitions. Two commercial sugarcane varieties were evaluated: SP80-3280 and IAC91-1099, which has, respectively, susceptibility, and intermediate resistance to D. saccharalis. Si was applied in soil in an equivalent rate of 800 kg of Si ha− 1. Before herbivory, Si increased stalk diameter and plant height in both varieties, and number of leaves and leaf width were only increased in IAC91-1099. After 20 days of herbivory, Si increased stalk diameter in both varieties and plant height in IAC91-1099, but decreased the number of leaves and leaf width in SP80-3280. Larval D. saccharalis showed a reduced weight and a greater index for mandible abrasion after feeding Si-treated plants independently of variety. No influence of Si-treated plants was found in immunological parameters of larvae (total number of hemocytes, cell viability, encapsulation capability, lysozyme active). The activity of phenol oxidase, an immunological and stress marker for insects, was greater in larval D. saccharalis fed with IAC 91-1099, independently of Si. In conclusion, Si application improved sugarcane growth of IAC91-1099 and impaired the development of larval D. saccharalis in both sugarcane varieties.
Boosting antitumor immunity via a tumor microenvironment-responsive transformable trifecta nanovaccine
Authors: Dong Heng , Li Qiang , Meng Dang , Tao Jun , Li Xiaoye , Xiu Weijun , Dai Zhuo , He Ao , Ding Meng , Zhang Yu , Wen Zhi-fa , Xiaodan Su , Elbourne Aaron , Bao Lei , Chen Lin , Mou Yongbin , Teng Zhaogang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In situ tumor vaccines (ISTVs) hold great potential in tumor immunotherapy, however, three major obstacles, including inadequate endogenous antigen uptake by dendritic cells (DCs), weak T-cell immune responses, and stubborn immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) still should be fully addressed. Herein, a trifecta nanovaccine (TriNV) with TME-responsive transformable ability is developed to tri-boost antitumor immunity. First, sufficient endogenous tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) were liberated in situ after immunogenic cell death induced by TriNV-based photoimmunotherapy. Under TME, soft-transformed TriNV improved the uptake of TAAs by DCs to enhance acquired immunity. Second, the self-adjuvating TriNV and the TME-responsive released Mn2+ synergistically promoted DC maturation and macrophage M1 polarization by augmenting the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation to further amplify T-cell immune responses. Moreover, the decomposition of MnO2 within the core of TriNV exhausted glutathione (GSH) and facilitated O2 release to alleviate hypoxia in TME, thereby overcoming the chemical obstacles of the TME to further mitigate immunosuppression. Thus, the TriNV remarkably eradicated primary tumors and inhibited distant metastasis, demonstrating great potential as a feasible and effective ISTV nanoplatform for combating poorly immunogenic solid tumors.
In Silico approach for the Identification of tRNA-derived Small Non-coding RNAs in SARS-CoV Infection
Authors: Ajmeriya Swati , Bharti Deepak Ramkumar , Kumar Amit , Singh Harpreet , Rana Shweta , Karmakar Subhradip 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

tsRNAs(tRNA derived small non-coding RNAs), including tRNA halves (tiRNAs), and tRNA fragments (tRFs) have been implicated in some viral infections like respiratory viral infections. However, their involvement in SARS-CoV infection is completely unknown. The objective of this study is to determine tsRNAs level in a mouse infected with wild-type, attenuated, and mock-infected SARS-CoV strains. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset at NCBI with accession ID GSE90624 was used for this study. After a count matrix formation of tRNAs, tRNA differential expression analysis was performed subsequently using DESeq2. tsRNAs were identified from the significantly expressed tRNAs. Differentially expressed tRNAs, followed by tsRNAs derived from each significant tRNAs at different conditions and time points between the two groups.; WT(SARS-CoV-MA15-WT) vs Mock and DE (SARS-CoV-MA15-ΔE) vs Mock were identified. We found significantly differentially expressed tRNAs at 2dpi but not at 4dpi. By quantifying tsRNAs from differentially expressed tRNAs in all the samples belonging to each condition (WT, DE, and Mock), tRFs(tRNA-derived RNA Fragments) were found to be higher in number compared to tiRNAs(tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs) from tRNAs in all the samples belonging to the WT SARS-CoV strain, indicating non-random formation of tsRNAs, as well as possible involvement of tsRNAs in SARS-CoV viral infection.
PARP inhibitor and immune checkpoint inhibitor may have synergism efficacy in gallbladder cancer
Authors: Chen Yu , Fan Xudong , Lu Ruohuang , Zeng Shan , Gan Pingping 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is aggressive with poor prognosis. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) targets PARP enzymes, showing efficacy in BRCA-mutated patients. Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has transformed cancer treatment. Yet, the combined impact of PARPi and ICIs in GBC is unclear.
Methods
We presented a groundbreaking case of a GBC patient with BRCA2 mutations receiving PARPi and ICIs combination therapy after failing multiple-line treatments. NGS-Seq identified BRCA gene mutations. To further investigate the potential mechanisms, we developed a PARP1-BRCA1-BRCA2 pathway related risk score (PBscore) system to evaluate the impact of PARPi on the tumor immune microenvironment via RNA-Seq data. Gene expression and functional analysis identified potential mechanisms associated with the PBscore. Experimental validation assessed the impact of the combination therapy on the tumor microenvironment using multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging and immunohistochemistry in BRCA gene WT/mutation patients.
Results
A BRCA2-mutated GBC patient achieved a remarkable 31-month response to the combination therapy of PARPi and ICIs. RNA-Seq analysis revealed the correlations between PBscore and the levels of immune checkpoints, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and its crucial role in the cancer-immunity cycle. Multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging validated the activation of the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, as the drug resistance, we observed an upregulation of negative immune checkpoints such as CEACAM1, which indicate multiple ICIs may enhance the efficacy of the therapy.
Conclusion
Our study advances understanding of synergistic PARPi-ICI effects in GBC, offering a promising alternative for BRCA2-mutated patients. However, to solidify its clinical applicability, further validation with a large sample size is needed.
Application of watershed segmentation algorithm and supervised Bayesian classification in the evaluation of petrophysical parameters, pore properties, and lithofacies using 3D seismic data, wireline logs, and SEM images: A case study from Abadan Plain, SW Iran
Authors: Moghanloo Hamed Ghanbarnejad , Riahi Mohammad Ali 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an integrated workflow based on recent geoscience data is presented for assessing the reservoir characterization and structural interpretation of the Burgan formation, a highly productive formation in the Abadan plain, SW Iran. Utilizing newly acquired high-resolution SEM images, we evaluated the pore size, pore distribution, and pore aspect ratio of Burgan formation. The watershed segmentation algorithm is also capable of detecting throats and closed pores. The porosity fractions from SEM images are used for calibration of the porosity log at several well locations in order to perform petrophysical modeling. Since the facies behavior is complex in the study area, we utilized supervised Bayesian classifier using P-wave velocity, density, and facies log dataset. The confusing matrix and machine learning metrics including Accuracy (97.01%), Precision (93.88%), F1 Score (94.16%), and False Positive Rate (2.52%), indicate that the classifier has been properly trained at well locations. A reasonable match is evident between the modeled petrophysical parameters and the true (core) porosity and water saturation at the location of the test well. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the validity of assumptions concerning the dominance of extensional structure in the Abadan plain by using interpreted seismic data. The presented workflow can be used to optimize drilling operations and reduce risks in similar geological settings in the studied formation.
Do Trade-adjusted Emissions Perform better in Capturing Environmental Mishandling among the most Complex Economies of the World
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Razib , Dash Devi Prasad , Das Narasingha , Hossain Md. Emran , Haseeb Mohammad , Cifuentes-Faura Javier 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

With the emergence of new environmental challenges, the direction of environmental research is changing exponentially. To implement anti-warming and pro-environmental interventions, it is vital that we adopt robust and reliable measures of environmental degradation. Any exception to this will breed inaccurate forecasts, generating loopholes in the policies. In this milieu, we juxtapose how trade-adjusted emissions (CCO2) and total emissions (CO2) respond as we set shock on environmental technology (EVT), Economic Complexity Index (ECI), natural resource rent (NRT), research and development (R&D), and energy efficiency (EFX) from 2000–2020 across the OECD nations. We also control GDP and renewable energy consumption (RWE). The findings of the novel non-parametric method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) reveal that EVT has an insignificant positive impression on CCO2, whereas it has a heterogenous impact on CO2 emissions. Moreover, ECI cuts trade-adjusted emissions, indicating that complex economies like OECD’s have better emissions reduction potentiality through export diversification. However, we unveil a paradoxical relationship in the ECI-CO2 nexus since total emissions do not account for trade-adjusted emissions. R&D surges CO2 and CCO2 emissions, demonstrating that efforts to achieve sustainability have been a failure on a regional scale, where the latter is statistically insignificant. Furthermore, EFX increases total emissions, indicating a rebound effect among the OECD territories. We also note different causal relationships to rectify the results’ robustness. Our findings thus enrich the streaming literature by juxtaposing how different measures of environmental degradation respond over a series of empirical shocks and establishing that trade-adjusted emissions are better indicators of environmental degradation, exclusively in the context of complex economies.
Utility of routine histological examination of ileostomy reversals
Authors: Quinn Rakesh , Sidhu Ankur , Saad Jeremy , Shakeshaft Anthony , Albayati Sinan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose Diverting ileostomies are frequently used when bowel anastomosis is not feasible or to divert faeces from high-risk anastomoses. Despite being unrelated and distant to the initial pathology, histopathological examination is commonly requested. The aim of this study is to identify the benefit of histopathological analysis of these specimens and their impact on patient management.Methods A retrospective review was conducted on all patients who underwent a reversal of ileostomy at a tertiary referral teaching hospital between January 2016 to July 2021. Patient demographics, stoma indication, histopathological reports and post-operative outcomes were reviewed.Results The study identified 87 cases of ileostomy reversals between January 2016 and July 2021. The mean age of the patients was 58 years old; 62 (71.2%) patients were male. Seventy-three (83.9%) stomas were formed electively, the majority of these for ultralow or low anterior resections (39 and 17 patients respectively). A further 13 (14.9%) stomas were formed in the emergency setting, 1/13 (7.7%) cases were due to a malignant pathology and 12/13 (92.3%) were benign conditions. Overall, forty-three samples were reviewed, 42 (97.7%) of these showed normal small bowel histopathology and malignancy was identified in only 1 (2.3%) specimen. Due to frailty, there was no further active management for the patient with the malignant pathology.Conclusion Selective histopathological examination may be of value in macroscopically suspicious or high-risk patients for peritoneal disease based on primary pathology, however the utility in routine use requires further evaluation.
Recurrence of Supraventricular Tachycardia in Children: Who is at Risk, and What is the Outcome?
Authors: Bah Mohd Nizam Mat , Zahari Norazah , Boparam Baljit Kaur , Sapian Mohd Hanafi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Limited data are available concerning supraventricular tachycardiac (SVT) recurrence. Hence, this study aimed to determine the incidence, outcome, and factors associated with SVT recurrence. Methods: This retrospective, observational, population-based study was conducted among children with SVT from 2006 to 2020. The primary outcome measure was SVT recurrence. Kaplan Meier analysis was used to estimate SVT-free at 1, 5, and 10 years after diagnosis. Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with recurrence. Results: There were 156 patients with SVT with a median age at diagnosis of 1.9 years (Interquartile range [IQR] 11 days to 8.7 years) and follow-up for a median of 3.5 years (IQR 1.7 to 6.1 years). Thirty-five patients (22%) had recurrent SVT at a median age of 7.8 years (IQR 4.4 to 12 years). Infants with Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW) had the highest recurrence (11/16, 68%), with 33% SVT-free at 5 years follow-up. The lowest recurrence rate was observed in neonatal diagnosis (2/54,3.7%) with 98% SVT-free at 5 years follow-up. The independent factors associated with the recurrence of SVT were the diagnosis of WPW with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 5.6 (95%CI 2.6–12.2), age of more than one year at diagnosis (aHR 4.3 95%CI 1.7–10.8), and combine and second-line therapy (aHR 4.1 95%CI 1.6–10.7). Conclusion: One in five children with SVT experienced a recurrence, which is more likely for those with WPWs, multiple maintenance therapy, and older age at first presentation. Whereas neonates with non-WPW may benefit from shorter maintenance therapy.
Why induced earthquakes occur on conventionally stable faults: frictional healing explains
Authors: Li Meng , Niemeijer Andre , Dinther Ylona Van 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Conventional studies suggest that faults in the shallow subsurface should be resistant to earthquake nucleation, because their frictional strength increases as slip accelerates. Yet, such faults frequently exhibit earthquakes induced by human intervention. Here we explain this paradox by showing, through numerical simulation using rate-and-state friction, that single earthquakes can nucleate on velocity-strengthening faults, following fault “healing” over thousands to millions of years. However, subsequent slip on human lifetimes is stable and aseismic. We apply our approach to assess the potential of any fault to host induced seismicity, in terms of the healing time needed to produce fast slip and sufficient stress drop upon fault reactivation. This demonstration of how earthquakes occur on conventionally stable, velocity-strengthening faults is critical for correctly assessing which sites can be safely targeted in exploiting the subsurface for applications such as geothermal energy production and energy storage.
CACNA1E, C4BPA is causally associated with gastric cancer: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Fei , Zhao Qi , Liu Jiemin , Chu Mingliang , Huang Jing , Tang Yun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is influenced by several risk factors such as smoking and high intake of cured foods. However, the effect of some molecules on incidence of GC have not been demonstrated. In this study, Single-Variable Mendelian Randomization (SVMR) and Multi-Variable Mendelian Randomization (MVMR) were utilized for estimating the causal association between calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha 1E (CACNA1E), C4b binding protein alpha (C4BPA) and GC.
Methods: The Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) ids for GC and exposure factors were derived from Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Open GWAS database. Including 6563 GC samples and 195,745 control samples, and there were 8,885,324 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for GC. The sample size for CACNA1E was 31,684, and the number of SNPs was 18,413. The sample size for C4BPA was 14,263, and the number of SNPs was 15,879. The SVMR studies were conducted to estimate the risk of CACNA1E and C4BPA in GC using MR Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), simple mode and weighted mode. Importantly, IVW was the most major method. In addition, sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the reliability of MR results, which mainly consisted of the heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy and Leave-One-Out (LOO). Finally, the MVMR analysis was carried out.
Results: The SVMR indicated that CACNA1E and C4BPA are causally related to GC, with C4BPA (P=0.006, OR=1.032) as a risk factor and CACNA1E (P=0.005, OR=0.827) as a protective factor. The reliability of SVMR results was demonstrated by sensitivity analysis. The MVMR analysis was consistent with the outcome of SVMR, implicating C4BPA as a cause of GC, whereas CACNA1E is a protective factor against GC.
Conclusion: A causal relationship between CACNA1E, C4BPA and GC was confirmed by our study, and increased C4BPA expression elevates the prevalence of GC and vice versa for CACNA1E.
Long-term effects of splenectomy on innate and adaptative immunity
Authors: Ouandji Sethi , Ciudad Marion , Cladière Claudie , Greigert Hélène , Samson Maxime , Audia Sylvain , Martin Laurent , Bonnotte Bernard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of our study was to investigate the long-term effects of splenectomy on the immune response and to compare these effects in two groups of patients splenectomized for different reasons, autoimmune cytopenia or following trauma, and healthy non-splenectomized controls in a single-center cohort study.
Methods
Among 248 patients splenectomized for ITP or trauma between 1995 and 2015 at Dijon University Hospital, 15 patients randomly selected from the two groups and 10 matched controls (healthy non-splenectomized patients) were analyzed.
Results
Splenectomized patients in both ITP and trauma groups had a higher circulating cell count and percentage of B lymphocytes than controls, a significant decrease in memory B cells, memory IgM B cells, marginal zone B cells and switched memory B cells. On the other hand, we found no changes in the different T-cell subsets of patients splenectomized for ITP or trauma and controls, with the exception of an increase in circulating CD8+ central memory T cells in both splenectomized groups compared to controls. Interestingly, we also found a decrease in the phagocytosis capacity in the splenectomized ITP group, partially corrected by the addition of tuftsin, but no abnormalities in the oxidative functions.
Conclusion
In summary, we demonstrated long-term immunological consequences of splenectomy which did not differ according to the indication for splenectomy, ITP or trauma and noted a decline in phagocytic capacity.
Investigating the Intersegmental Veins between S6 and S7 in Anatomical Resection
Authors: Li Hang , Cheng Zongbing , Dai Yukai , Song Xiaodong , Han Mengling , Mo Zengyi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma often metastasizes along the portal vein watershed, necessitating precise anatomical resection. Anatomic resection (AR) involving segments S6 and S7 aims to enhance oncological efficacy while preserving liver volume. The intersegmental veins (IVs) between these segments are potential anatomical landmarks that facilitate accurate resection plane determination.
Methods
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology was used to analyze the IVs between S6 and S7 in 164 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). The IVs' occurrence rate, characteristics, spatial localization, and correlation with right hepatic veins (RHVs) diameters were examined.
Results
IVs were identified in 71.95% of patients, primarily connecting to RHVs. They often converged in the middle-lower portion of RHVs. The most clearly identifiable junctions between the IVs and RHVs occurred the midpoint of the horizontal planes of the second hepatic portal and the center of the gallbladder bed. Patients with larger RHV diameters were more likely to have IVs draining into RHVs (Type 1), while smaller RHV diameters correlated with IVs draining into inferior right hepatic veins (IRHVs) (Type 2).
Conclusion
The IVs between S6 and S7 are prevalent and feasible anatomical landmarks for AR. When RHVs and IRHVs coexist, the RHV diameter predicts the type of IVs present. Considering the IVs enhances precision in determining transection planes during AR of S6 and S7, potentially reducing blood loss and enhancing patient safety. Further research is needed to validate these findings and address limitations in sample size and hemodynamic variations.
RETRACTED: Novel loss of function mutation in MERTK gene, the first report of an Iranian family with an autosomal recessive inheritance of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Vazifehmand Reza , Homaie Foroozandeh Monem , Massiha Alireza , Ali Dhuha Saeed , Najafi Mohsen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.