bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Less Is More: Experimental Evidence on Information Delivery During India’s Demonetisation
Authors: Banerjee Abhijit , Breza Emily , Chandrasekhar Arun G , Golub Benjamin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In disseminating information, policymakers face a choice between broadcasting to everyone and informing a small number of “seeds” who then spread the message. While broadcasting maximises the initial reach of messages, we offer theoretical and experimental evidence that it need not be the best strategy. In a field experiment during the 2016 Indian demonetisation, we delivered policy information, varying three dimensions of the delivery method at the village level: initial reach (broadcasting versus seeding); whether or not we induced common knowledge of who was initially informed; and number of facts delivered. We measured three outcomes: the volume of conversations about demonetisation, knowledge of demonetisation rules, and choice quality in a strongly incentivised policy-dependent decision. On all three outcomes, under common knowledge, seeding dominates broadcasting; moreover, adding common knowledge makes seeding more effective but broadcasting less so. We interpret our results via a model of image concerns deterring engagement in social learning, and we support this interpretation with evidence on differential behaviour across ability categories.
Mendelian Randomization Using the Druggable Genome Reveals Genetically Supported Drug Targets for Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Shen Aotian , Zhao Yiran , Xia Junfeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and hypothesis
Psychiatric disorders impose a huge health and economic burden on modern society. However, there is currently no proven completely effective treatment available, partly owing to the inefficiency of drug target identification and validation. We aim to identify therapeutic targets relevant to psychiatric disorders by conducting Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Study design
We performed genome-wide MR analysis by integrating expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of 4479 actionable genes that encode druggable proteins and genetic summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of psychiatric disorders. After conducting colocalization analysis on the brain MR findings, we employed protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data as genetic proposed instruments for intersecting the colocalized genes to provide further genetic evidence.

Study results
By performing MR and colocalization analysis with eQTL genetic instruments, we obtained 31 promising drug targets for psychiatric disorders, including 21 significant genes for schizophrenia, 7 for bipolar disorder, 2 for depression, 1 for attention deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD) and none for autism spectrum disorder. Combining MR results using pQTL genetic instruments, we finally proposed 8 drug-targeting genes supported by the strongest MR evidence, including gene ACE, BTN3A3, HAPLN4, MAPK3 and NEK4 for schizophrenia, gene NEK4 and HAPLN4 for bipolar disorder, and gene TIE1 for ADHD.

Conclusions
Our findings with genetic support were more likely to be to succeed in clinical trials. In addition, our study prioritizes approved drug targets for the development of new therapies and provides critical drug reuse opportunities for psychiatric disorders.
Gendered publication patterns in Socio-Economic Review
Authors: Bartosch Julia , Lohmeyer Nora , Auschra Carolin , Jackson Gregory 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Creating interdisciplinary dialog in the field of socio-economics cannot be separated from the social diversity among scholarly voices within its community. In marking the 20th anniversary year of Socio-Economic Review (SER), this article examines the role of gender among authors and reviewers in SER. Our findings show that women remain underrepresented in terms of authorship and reviewing. While no gender differences exist in overall acceptance rates for submitted papers, a substantial gender gap exists in the number of submissions. Our analysis also highlights how the persistence of gender segregation is related to the predominance of male-only author teams and male-dominated research topics. The article concludes with suggestions for further research and a discussion on gender disparities in socio-economics and other social science fields.
Methylome Response to Proteasome Inhibition by Pseudomonas syringae Virulence Factor Syringolin A
Authors: Bonnet Diane Marie Valerie , Tirot Louis , Grob Stefan , Jullien Pauline Emilie 
Published: July 2023

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark required for proper gene expression and silencing of transposable elements. DNA methylation patterns can be modified by environmental factors such as pathogen infection, in which modification of DNA methylation can be associated with plant resistance. To counter the plant defense pathways, pathogens produce effector molecules, several of which act as proteasome inhibitors. Here, we investigated the effect of proteasome inhibition by the bacterial virulence factor syringolin A (SylA) on genome-wide DNA methylation. We show that SylA treatment results in an increase of DNA methylation at centromeric and pericentromeric regions of Arabidopsis chromosomes. We identify several CHH differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that are enriched in the proximity of transcriptional start sites. SylA treatment does not result in significant changes in small RNA composition. However, significant changes in genome transcriptional activity can be observed, including a strong upregulation of resistance genes that are located on chromosomal arms. We hypothesize that DNA methylation changes could be linked to the upregulation of some atypical members of the de novo DNA methylation pathway, namely AGO3, AGO9, and DRM1. Our data suggests that modification of genome-wide DNA methylation resulting from an inhibition of the proteasome by bacterial effectors could be part of an epi-genomic arms race against pathogens. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Competitiveness of Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Programs and Applicants
Authors: Michelotti Ali M. , Stansbury Nicholas , Treffalls Rebecca N. , Page-Ramsey Sarah M. 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the change in competitiveness of obstetrics and gynecology programs over 20 years using a normalized competitive index.

METHODS:
Obstetrics and gynecology match data were obtained from the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) for 2003–2022. Applicant metrics (United States Medical Licensing Examination scores, score percentiles, research output and experiences, and work and volunteer experiences) were obtained from the NRMP and the Association of American Medical Colleges (2007–2021). The competitive index was calculated using the number of positions available divided by match rate each year between 2003 and 2022. The normalized competitive index was calculated by dividing the yearly competitive index by the average competitive index over 20 years. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and linear regressions.

RESULTS:
When comparing the two decades (2003–2012 vs 2013–2022), applicants (1,539±242 vs 1,902±144; P<.001), positions (1,173±31 vs 1,345±98; P<.001), and number of programs ranked per applicant (13±1.4 vs 15±0.6; P<.001) have increased. While the match rate did not significantly change from 2003 to 2022 (75.5%±9.9% vs 70.5%±1.6%; P=.14), the normalized competitive index increased (R2=0.92, P<.001), indicating increased competitiveness. Applicant metrics increased over time, including research output (2.4±0.8 vs 5.0±0.7; P=.002) and work experiences (2.9±0.2 vs 3.6±0.1; P=.002; R2=0.98, P<.001).

CONCLUSION:
Despite an increase in obstetrics and gynecology applicants and applicant metrics, match rates remain unchanged. However, the competitiveness of programs has significantly increased, as demonstrated by the normalized competitive index, applicants per position, and applicant metrics. The normalized competitive index is a useful metric for applicants to determine program or applicant competitiveness, especially when used alongside applicant metrics.
Effectiveness of Self-Managed Medication Abortion Between 9 and 16 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Moseson Heidi , Jayaweera Ruvani , Egwuatu Ijeoma , Grosso Bélen , Kristianingrum Ika Ayu , Nmezi Sybil , Zurbriggen Ruth , Bercu Chiara , Motana Relebohile , Gerdts Caitlin 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate abortion completion after self-managed medication abortion in pregnancies at or beyond 9 weeks of gestation.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective observational cohort study in which we recruited callers to three abortion-accompaniment groups in Argentina, Nigeria, and Southeast Asia who were initiating a self-managed medication abortion. Participants completed a baseline survey over the phone before taking pills and then two follow-up phone surveys 1 and 3 weeks after taking pills. The primary outcome was abortion completion; secondary outcomes included physical experiences and health care seeking and treatment.

RESULTS:
Between 2019 and 2020, we enrolled 1,352 participants, 19.5% (264/1,352) of whom self-managed a medication abortion at 9 or more weeks of gestation: 75.0% (198/264) at 9–11 weeks, 19.3% (51/264) at 12–14 weeks, and 5.7% (15/264) at 15–22 weeks. Participants were aged 26 years on average (SD 5.6 years); 56.4% (149/264) used the combined regimen (mifepristone+misoprostol), and 43.6% (115/264) used misoprostol only. At the last follow-up, 89.4% (236/264) had a complete abortion without procedural intervention, 5.3% (14/264) had a complete abortion with manual vacuum aspiration or dilation and curettage procedure, 4.9% (13/264) had an incomplete abortion, and 0.4% (1/264) participants did not report an abortion outcome. Some participants (23.5%, 62/264) sought health care during or after the self-managed medication abortion, most commonly to confirm completion (15.9%, 42/264); 9.1% (24/264) needed further medical intervention (procedural evacuation, antibiotics, additional misoprostol, intravenous fluids, blood transfusion, or overnight stay in the facility). Those who were 12 or more weeks pregnant were more likely to seek care at a clinic or hospital than those who were 9–11 weeks pregnant (adjusted relative risk 1.62, 95% CI 1.3–2.1).

CONCLUSION:
People who self-managed an abortion with medication between 9 and 16 weeks of gestation had high levels of abortion completion and accessed health care to confirm completion or to treat potential complications.

CLINICAL  TRIAL  REGISTRATION:
ISRCTN, ISRCTN95769543.
Quality of Life and Postoperative Satisfaction in Patients with Benign Extramedullary Spinal Tumors
Authors: Nakarai Hiroyuki , Kato So , Yamato Yukimasa , Kodama Hiroyasu , Ohba Yutaro , Sasaki Katsuyuki , Iizuka Tetsusai , Tozawa Keiichiro , Urayama Daiki , Komatsu Naoto , Okazaki Rentaro , Oshina Masahito , Ogiso Sawako , Masuda Kazuhiro , Maayan Omri , Tanaka Sakae , Oshima Yasushi 
Published: July 2023

Study design:
Retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected registry data.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and postoperative satisfaction in patients with different histotypes of benign extramedullary spinal tumors (ESTs).

Background:
Little is known about how different histotypes influence HRQOL and postoperative satisfaction in EST patients.

Methods:
Patients undergoing primary benign EST surgery at 11 tertiary referral hospitals between 2017-2021 who completed preoperative and 1-year postoperative questionnaires were included. HRQOL assessment included the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) of Short Form-12, EuroQol 5-dimension, Oswestry/Neck Disability Index (ODI/NDI), and Numeric Rating Scales (NRS) for upper/lower extremities (UEP/LEP) and back pain (BP). Patients who answered “very satisfied”, “satisfied”, or “somewhat satisfied” on a seven-point Likert scale were considered to be satisfied with treatment. Student t-tests or Welch’s t-test were used to compare continuous variables between two groups, and one-way analysis of variance was used to compare outcomes between the three groups of EST histotypes (schwannoma, meningioma, atypical). Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test.

Results:
A total of 140 consecutive EST patients were evaluated; 100 (72%) had schwannomas, 30 (21%) had meningiomas, and 10 (7%) had other ESTs. Baseline PCS was significantly worse in patients with meningiomas (P=0.04) and baseline NRS-LEP was significantly worse in patients with schwannomas (P=0.03). However, there were no significant differences in overall postoperative HRQOL or patient satisfaction between histology types. Overall, 121 (86%) patients were satisfied with surgery. In a subgroup analysis comparing intradural schwannomas and meningiomas adjusted for patient demographics and tumor location with inverse probability weighting, schwannoma patients had worse baseline MCS (P=0.03), ODI (P=0.03), NRS-BP (P<.001), and NRS-LEP (P=0.001). Schwannoma patients also had worse postoperative MCS (P=0.03) and NRS-BP (P=0.001), with no significant difference in the percentage of satisfied patients (P=0.30).

Conclusions:
Patients who underwent primary benign EST resection had a significant improvement in HRQOL postoperatively, and approximately 90% of these patients reported being satisfied with their treatment outcomes one year after surgery. EST patients may exhibit a relatively lower threshold for postoperative satisfaction compared to patients undergoing surgery for degenerative spine conditions.

Level of Evidence:
3.
Serelaxin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammatory Response in Cardiac Fibroblasts by Activating Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ and Suppressing the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wu Xueping , Lv Yehui , Li Zhihong , Yang Zhifang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Serelaxin (sRLX) has an inhibitory effect on fibrosis. However, whether the antifibrotic effects of sRLX are achieved by inhibiting the inflammatory response has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the role of sRLX in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in cardiac fibroblasts and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from adult rat hearts. The effect of sRLX on the inhibition of the inflammatory response after LPS induction was examined. Cell viability was measured by MMT assay. Cell proliferation was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8. The levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I/III, MMP-2, MMP-9, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IκBα, p-IκBα, p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein levels of α-SMA, collagen I/III, MMP-2, MMP-9, IκBα, p-IκBα, p65, p-p65, and PPAR-γ were examined by western blotting. sRLX inhibited LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, α-SMA, and collagen I/III, and elevated the expression of IL-10, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Moreover, LPS-induced activation of NF-κB pathway was suppressed by sRLX treatment. Further studies showed that sRLX did not significantly increase the expression of PPAR-γ mRNA and protein, but activated PPAR-γ activity, and the PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662 reversed the inhibitory effect of sRLX on IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production. These results suggest that sRLX alleviates cardiac fibrosis by stimulating PPAR-γ through a ligand-independent mechanism that subsequently abolish the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway.
Integrating Macular Optical Coherence Tomography with Ultrawide Field Imaging in a Diabetic Retinopathy Telemedicine Program Using a Single Device
Authors: Aiello Lloyd Paul , Jacoba Cris Martin P. , Ashraf Mohamed , Cavallerano Jerry D. , Tolson Ann M. , Tolls Dot , Sun Jennifer K. , Silva Paolo S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To determine the effect of combined macular optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and ultrawide field retinal imaging (UWFI) within a telemedicine program.

Methods:
Comparative cohort study of consecutive patients with both UWFI and SD-OCT. UWFI and SD-OOCT were independently evaluated for diabetic macular edema (DME) and non-diabetic macular pathology. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated with SD-OCT as gold standard.

Results:
422 eyes from 211 diabetic patients were evaluated. DME severity by UWFI: no DME 93.4%, non-center involved DME (nonciDME) 5.1%, ciDME 0.7%, ungradable DME 0.7%. SD-OCT was ungradable in 0.5%. Macular pathology was identified in 34 (8.1%) eyes by UWFI and in 44 (10.4%) eyes by SD-OCT. DME represented only 38.6% of referable macular pathology identified by SD-OCT imaging. Sensitivity/specificity of UWFI compared to SD-OCT was 59%/96% for DME and 33%/99% for ciDME. Sensitivity/specificity of UWFI compared to SDOCT was 3%/98% for ERM.

Conclusions:
Addition of SD-OCT increased the identification of macular pathology by 29.4%. Over 58.3% of the eyes thought to have any DME on UWF imaging alone were false positives by SD-OCT. The integration of SD-OCT with UWFI markedly increased detection and reduced false positive assessments of DME and macular pathology in a teleophthalmology program.
Efficacy of Presbyopia-Correcting Contact Lenses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Molina-Martín Ainhoa , Piñero David P. , Martínez-Plaza Elena , Rodríguez-Vallejo Manuel , Fernández Joaquin 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
To analyze critically the clinical trials on presbyopia correction with contact lenses (CLs) to investigate the quality of the research performed.

Methods:
A search was performed in PubMed database on clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of the presbyopia correction with different CLs, including multifocal or simultaneous vision contact lenses (MCLs). After a comprehensive analysis of the relevant publications found, quality assessment of such publications was performed by means of Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist tool according to the five types of evaluations: MCL versus spectacles, MCL versus pinhole CLs, MCL versus monovision, comparison between MCL designs, and MCL versus extended depth of focus CLs.

Results:
A total of 16 clinical trials were selected for evaluation. All evaluated studies addressed a clearly focused research question and were randomized, with a crossover design in most of the cases. Blinding was not possible in all cases due to the physical appearance of some of the CLs evaluated (pinhole or hybrid designs). Most of studies analyzed reported outcomes with complete data, providing the statistical tests used and the P-values, but some of the authors did not provide the statistical power associated to the sample size evaluated. The small sample size in some trials as well as the scarce information about the effect of addition on visual performance was the main limitations found in the peer-reviewed literature revised.

Conclusions:
There is a high-quality scientific evidence supporting the use of presbyopia-correcting CLs, with several randomized controlled clinical trials conducted to this date.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Balance Training for Fall Prevention in Older Adults: Systematic Review
Authors: Martínez Montilla Lizeth Alejandra , López Cruces Katherine , Calderón Erazo Héctor Sebastián , Calderón Ortiz Eduardo José , Arango Hoyos Gloria Patricia , Gómez Lessby , García-Perdomo Herney Andrés 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in balance training for the prevention of falls in older adults.

Methods:
We included studies with experimental designs, cohort studies, and quasi-experimental studies of older adults who underwent balance training associated with the use of VR for the prevention of falls. The comparison of control and intervention groups in the studies reported statistically significant improvements in terms of balance for VR.

Results:
The effects and benefits from the use of VR were seen by the fourth week of intervention, with significant improvements in balance and lower fall rates, the improvements became greater for groups using VR.

Conclusions:
The benefits presented by the studies were related not only to balance but also to fear of falling, reaction time, gait, physical fitness, independence in activities of daily living, muscle strength, and even quality of life.
Effects of Case Management in Trauma Patients in Taiwan: A Randomized, Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hung Chang-Chiao , Kao Hsueh-Fen S. , Jimenez Sarah Y. , Tonapa Santo Imanuel , Lee Bih-O 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Case management can improve trauma patient outcomes from the acute to rehabilitation phases. However, a lack of evidence on the effects of case management in trauma patients makes it difficult to translate research findings into clinical practice.

Objective:
To examine the effects of case management on illness perception, coping strategies, and quality of life in trauma patients followed up to 9 months post-hospital discharge.

Methods:
A four-wave longitudinal experimental design was used. Patients with traumatic injury hospitalized at a regional hospital in southern Taiwan from 2019 to 2020 were randomly assigned to a case management (experimental) or a usual care (control) group. The intervention was implemented during hospitalization with a phone call follow-up about 2 weeks post-discharge. Illness perception, coping strategies, and health-related quality-of-life perceptions were measured at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months after discharge. Generalized estimating equations were used for analysis.

Results:
Findings showed a significant difference in illness perception at 3 and 6 months and coping strategies used at 6 and 9 months after discharge between the two groups. No significant difference in the quality of life over time between the two groups was found.

Conclusion:
Although case management appears to help patients with traumatic injuries decrease illness perception and better cope with their injury, it did not significantly improve their quality of life 9 months after discharge. It is recommended that health care professionals develop long-term case management strategies for high-risk trauma patients.
Impact of Trauma Resuscitation Emergency Care Nurse Deployment in Trauma Activations in a Rural Trauma Center
Authors: Holder Michael W. , Leonard Matthew A. , Collins Hannah W. , Brogan Allison A. , Burns J. Bracken 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Although the role of a dedicated trauma nurse has been implemented in an urban setting, it has not been studied in the rural trauma setting. We instituted a trauma resuscitation emergency care (TREC) nurse role to respond to trauma activations at our rural trauma center.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to determine the impact of TREC nurse deployment on the timeliness of resuscitation interventions in trauma activations.

METHODS:
This pre- and postintervention study at a rural Level I trauma center compared the time to resuscitation interventions before (August 2018 to July 2019) and after (August 2019 to July 2020) deploying TREC nurses to trauma activations.

RESULTS:
A total of 2,593 participants were studied, of which 1,153 (44%) were in the pre-TREC group and 1,440 (56%) in the post-TREC group. After TREC deployment, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) emergency department times within the first hour decreased from 45 (31.23–53) to 35 (16–51) min (p = .013). The median (IQR) time to the operating room within the first hour decreased from 46 (37–52) to 29 (12–46) min (p = .001), and within the first 2 hr, decreased from 59 (43.8–86) to 48 (23–72) min (p = .014).

CONCLUSION:
Our study found that TREC nurse deployment improved resuscitation intervention timeliness during the first 2 hr (early phase) of trauma activations.