bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Parameters of Reactor Operation Digital Twin by Using Swarm and Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Dai Anqi , Liu Zhenghai , Zhu Tao , Liu Zhengyu , Deng Yan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Digital twin (DT) technology is currently gaining popularity in a variety of industrial applications. Recently, the China Institute of Nuclear Power proposed a data driven by nuclear reactor digital twin. The digital twin solves the forward problem for physical field simulation and the inverse problem for parameter identification. The inverse problem can be viewed as a black-box optimization problem where the input parameters are identified by the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method based on a given partial observation. While LHS is relatively naive, in this paper, we proposed to apply swarm and evolutionary algorithms to solve the inverse problem. Specifically, we present an experimental comparative study for LHS and four popular SEAs, Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), Evolutionary Strategy (ES), and evolution strategy with covariance matrix adaptation (CMA-ES). The results show that, for this inverse problem, SEAs are more accurate and efficient than LHS. We also investigate the comparative optimization algorithm’s searching capability under the conditions of noisy observations and no initial input parameter guesses. The experimental results show that DE and CMA-ES have strong robustness and high searching ability.
Feature Fusion Based on Transformer for Cross-modal Retrieval
Authors: Zhang Guihao , Cao Jiangzhong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With the popularity of the Internet and the rapid growth of multimodal data, multimodal retrieval has gradually become a hot area of research. As one of the important branches of multimodal retrieval, image-text retrieval aims to design a model to learn and align two modal data, image and text, in order to build a bridge of semantic association between the two heterogeneous data, so as to achieve unified alignment and retrieval. The current mainstream image-text cross-modal retrieval approaches have made good progress by designing a deep learning-based model to find potential associations between different modal data. In this paper, we design a transformer-based feature fusion network to fuse the information of two modalities in the feature extraction process, which can enrich the semantic connection between the modalities. Meanwhile, we conduct experiments on the benchmark dataset Flickr30k and get competitive results, where recall at 10 achieves 96.2% accuracy in image-to-text retrieval.
Design of sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor controller based on improved sliding mode observer
Authors: Wang Wantong , Wang Yulin , Wang Qiang , Tong Guang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Because PMSM needs to install a position sensor in practical application, and the buffeting issue in sensorless control stems from an old SMO (sliding mode observer), an improved SMO is proposed. Stemming from the improvement of the switching function and low-pass filter of the traditional SMO, the chattering problem of the conventional SMO is optimized. Considering the reality that the traditional PI control strategy unable to respond accurately and quickly in the case of current coupling, the current complete decoupling integrates the traditional PI control method is adopted. It can speed up system response and improve system performance. The experimental consequence demonstrates that the improved SMO can effectively restrain the chattering phenomenon and realize the fast and precise control of the PMSM.
End-to-End Control Method for Unmanned Vehicle Based on Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Zhu Bingbing , Gan Haiyun , Lin Weiwen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to construct a lightweight end-to-end autonomous driving model, knowledge distillation technology is introduced into the construction of the model. The model is composed of a vehicle trajectory orientation marker point prediction algorithm and a motion control algorithm. The prediction algorithm uses the Resnet34 with high precision as a teacher network and the Squeezenet with fast speed as a student network. Based on the knowledge distillation technology, the prediction ability of the teacher network is transferred to the student network so that the student network can predict a marker point accurately and quickly. The control algorithm is constructed based on the integral-differential model, and the predicted marker point is converted into lateral control commands of a vehicle. Through the experimental analysis of the complexity of the model, prediction accuracy of the marker point, and actual vehicle deployment effect, it is verified that the proposed model can control a vehicle to drive accurately and uniformly along a lane line trajectory.
Simulation validation based on emission coil of three-axis square Helmholtz magnetic source
Authors: Duan Qingming , Zou Bofeng , Zhang Ruju , Song Yuxin , Zhao Hu , Zhang Ruipeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In electromagnetic detection, the received signal strength is largely determined by the transmitter’s signal strength. Therefore, it is necessary to select and design the transmitting coil to meet the requirements of the electromagnetic launching system. To obtain better-transmitting coils, Maxwell is used to establishing square and toroidal coil models for calculation and compare magnetic field intensity and uniformity. To cope with electromagnetic exploration in a complex environment, the electromagnetic field model of the three-axis toroidal coil and square Helmholtz coil is established. The magnetic field simulation results verify that the three-axis square Helmholtz coil has higher emission field intensity under the same excitation condition, which is suitable for electromagnetic exploration.
Application and Error Analysis of Differential Sampling for AC Power Measurement based on Quantum Voltage
Authors: Bai JingFen , Meng Jing , Yang YuBo , Duan MeiMei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The quantum voltage standard based on the Josephson effect has been applied in AC power measurement. Differential sampling is the most promising method for measuring AC signals based on quantum technology. In this paper, we developed an AC power measurement system based on differential sampling and analyzed the system error sources through simulations and experiments. The system error comes from the sampling rate, step number of stepped waves, phase difference, and sampling time. The traceability of power to quantum voltage using differential sampling technology was achieved with an uncertainty of 10-6.
A Novel Pulse Excitation Circuit Model and Analysis of Its Magnetic Induction Advantages
Authors: Li Zhi Chao , Zhang Chun Guang , Liu Jia Rui , Chu Shuai , Gong Ying Jiao , Geng Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the excitation module in the magnetic induction system. First, we start from the traditional sinusoidal input resonant excitation circuit and give the frequency domain equation of its excitation current. Then, we propose a new module based on pulse excitation and give the corresponding excitation equation in the frequency domain. After that, we deduce the mathematical model of excitation gain of new and old modules using application and technology and finally obtain intuitive mathematical analysis graphics for engineering promotion.
The Grinding Parameter Optimization under the Carbon Benefit Objective
Authors: Tian Yingquan , Yin Ruixue 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Grinding is a high carbon emission process in processing technology. To improve the energy efficiency of the grinding process and reduce the carbon emissions and costs of the grinding process, the concept of carbon efficiency is proposed. The study takes the maximisation of carbon benefit in the grinding process as the optimization objective. The linear speed of the grinding wheel, the feed speed of the workpiece and the radial feed speed of the grinding wheel are taken as the optimization variables. Considering the grinding performance of the grinding wheel, taking the performance of the machine tool and the machining requirements of the workpiece as constraints, a multi-objective optimization model of the grinding process is established. The model is optimized by a genetic algorithm, and the effectiveness of this method is verified by a case.
Long-distance intelligent liquid supply for coal mining faces based on liquid demand prediction
Authors: Li Ran , Wei Wenshu , Lai Yuehua , Wang Dalong , Liu Bo , Wang Tongcheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe coal mine pump station liquid supply system adapts to changes in the main pressure for supply, but under conditions of long-distance liquid supply beyond 2000 m, there is a problem with the difficult system response to the hydraulic support liquid demand, resulting in significant pressure fluctuations in the hydraulic system and serious performance degradation of the supply system. To solve this problem, a long-distance intelligent liquid supply method based on liquid demand prediction for coal mining faces is proposed to ensure stable liquid supply. The method integrates parameters such as the mining machine’s position, the hydraulic support’s column pressure before and after the mining machine, the forward travel distance, and action codes to construct a feature vector. Based on the Transformer Model, a Liquid Demand Prediction Model for hydraulic support is established. Attention mechanisms are combined to solve the problem of time prediction for long sequences. The model is validated using real measured data from a hydraulic system in a coal mine, and the experimental results show that the model can accurately predict liquid demand and achieve long-distance intelligent liquid supply for coal mining faced by combining pump station control strategies.
Three-level ANPC rectifier loss calculation and balance control method
Authors: Ying Zi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Traditional three-level neutral-point clamped converter has the problem of the uneven loss distribution, which restricts the increase of converter capacity. Three-level active neutral-point clamped (3L-ANPC) converter can reduce the imbalance of power device loss distribution. At present, three traditional SPWM modulation strategies are used in single-phase three-level ANPC modulation. Considering the loss distribution, it is generally required to input the current and voltage sampling values in real-time and calculate the temperature of the switching device online for control or collect the temperature of the switching device in real-time for feedback control, which is more complicated to realize. This paper proposes a modulation scheme based on two carrier cycles, combined with traditional SPWM1 and 2, to analyze the switching conditions and loss characteristics of each switching device in this scheme. The simulation of a single-phase three-level ANPC rectifier was built, and the experiment was carried out on the Yuankuan HIL semi-physical platform. The results show that this scheme is simple, easy to implement, and can effectively reduce the loss distribution imbalance.
Ocean–atmosphere circulation coherences associated with temperature increase in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Azfar , Hussain Ishtiaq , Ali Shaukat , Ullah Waheed , Rezaei Abolfazl , Ali Shaukat , Ullah Safi , Abbas Haider , Manzoom Asima , Zhou Jinxing , Cao Jianhua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In recent decades, temperature variations have significantly affected the ecosystem and human livelihood in Pakistan. The wavelet analysis is employed to identify the associations between regional temperature change and global teleconnections, i.e. Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Tropical Northern Atlantic Index (TNA), Pacific/North American Index (PNA), North Pacific Pattern (NP), Western Pacific Index (WP), and Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP). This paper first uses monotonic modified Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator to compute the temperature changes in Pakistan and its homogenous climatic regions during 1960–2020. It is found that the temperature in Pakistan has increased significantly at 0.23 °C dec−1 in the last 62 years, which is also higher than the global average increase. This increase is more evident in region IV and V in spring at 0.63 and 0.43 °C dec−1 respectively, followed by summer and autumn. Temperature changes in Pakistan and its sub-regions are mainly associated with NP, WP and WHWP with higher mean significant coherences. Overall, temperature changes are significantly influenced by multiple interactions of global teleconnections, and these combinations indicate that the integrated influence of teleconnections can better explain the regional temperature changes. The teleconnections with broader significant influence over Pakistan are NP + WP + WHWP, followed by Pacific-based (ENSO, PDO, and PNA), and Atlantic-based (AMO, AO, and NAO) indices as revealed by the mean significant coherences of 0.82, 0.82 and 0.72 respectively. Annually, AMO, TNA and WHWP showed significant correlation with higher magnitudes of 0.44, 0.42 and 0.20 respectively, indicating the modulation effect of these teleconnections on temperature changes over Pakistan. The combined impacts from the various teleconnections represent a considerable advancement in the accuracy of significant temperature variations over the country. These findings have significant implications for policymakers in terms of better planning and policies in light of climate change as well as atmospheric circulation variability.
Classicality of single quantum particles in curved spacetime through the hydrodynamical reformulation of quantum mechanics
Authors: Shushi Tomer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Single-particle physics focuses on the behavior and properties of individual particles, providing insight into the building blocks of quantum mechanics. The theory of quantum particles in curved spacetime has been getting attention in recent years for gaining a deeper understanding of the relationship between quantum mechanics and general relativity, the two pillars of modern physics. In this note, we show how single quantum particles can obtain classical behavior. In particular, for a quantum particle that follows the Klein–Gordon equation in curved spacetime in the presence of external potential, we show that when the amplitude of its wavefunction follows the Klein–Gordon equation with an arbitrary effective mass, empty curved spacetime, but with the same curved geometry appearing in the original Klein–Gordon equation of the wavefunction, the quantum force of the particle vanishes, providing a classical description of the quantum particle using a system of coupled classical equations. The result relies on the Madelung hydrodynamical reformulation of quantum mechanics. Understanding how quantum systems transition to a classical behavior is a long-standing challenge in mesoscopic physics, with important implications for a wide range of applications, from quantum computing to condensed matter physics. The result provides a fresh perspective on the relations between quantum and classical effects in curved spacetime.
Numerical Modelling of River Training Work: A review
Authors: Jaafar Qusay N , Sayl Khamis N , Kamel Ammar H 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe construction of river training structures has a local influence on hydraulic and sediment regimes. River training is simply to modify the dimensions and patterns of channels, bars, and pools. Many scientists have applied and developed methods to identify suitable techniques for river training. In this paper 60 scientific papers were reviewed, and through this review, the researchers were divided according to the method of using the model and according to the problem that the researcher addressed, as 22% of the researchers tended to solve the sediment problem using the HEC-RAS model, and 45% of the researchers tended to solve the problem floods using the HEC- RAS model, as well as 23% of the researchers tended to refine the river section, while the last part of the researchers, who accounted for 10%, worked to solve the navigation problem by increasing the depth, and the most used model was obtained by the researchers, which is HEC- RAS, and reached. The percentage of researchers who used the model is 93%.
A Salt Tolerant Native plants as a Solution for Mobile Sand and Dust in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Dousari Ali , Madouh Tareq , Alrawi Mohamed , Alyaqout Abdullatif , Ahmed Modi , Al-Dousari Noor , Al-Saleh Abeer , William Teena 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, a coastal research site north of Kuwait Bay faces sand encroachment, floods, and wave erosion. The plantation project’s infrastructure was improved by fencing 1.2 km2 with barbed wire. The heavily deteriorated environment has coppice dunes of Nitraria retusa and Lycium shawii around single, double, or triple plants. To manage mobile sand and dust and protect the research centre, 21,500 Nitraria and Lycium were planted and irrigated with brackish water (around 7000 TDS). In order to aerodynamically shift and/or trap mobile aeolian sediments, the vegetation was planted in a V-shape facing the north-westerly wind. A closer gap (about 1m between plants) on the side facing the primary wind and widened toward the inner edges of the gated area controls mobile sand and dust. This projected design stabilizes the soil, protects against floods and wave erosion, enhances flora and animals, and controls aeolian activity. Mobile sand and dust yearly rates in the downwind traps were reduced by 94% and 64.5%, respectively. Native vegetation can control mobile sand and dust, according to this. Such systems can be more efficient with proper design and plant spacing.
Flow Coefficient Determination in Catchment Based on Analysis of Temperature and Wind Speed Data Using the Fuzzy SMRGT Method
Authors: Gunal Ayse Y , Mehdi Ruya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In engineering hydrology, calculating the flow coefficient is a crucial step. The flow coefficient calculation is necessary for directing the rational profiteering of water resources, improving the overall efficiency of water resource utilization, and minimizing the effect of catastrophic events. By precisely determining the flow coefficient, which is the most influential factor in flood flow, the current issues will be mitigated substantially. Various techniques are available in the existing literature for modelling flow coefficient. Most of them, however, rely on black-box approaches that are not generalizable. Therefore, this paper applied an intelligent model based on a fuzzy logic system called the Simple Membership Function and Fuzzy Rules Generation Technique (SMRGT). The new technique considers the physical cause-effect relationship and is intended to aid individuals who struggle to choose the number, form, and logic of membership functions and fuzzy rules in any fuzzy set. The study area’s temperature and wind speed data were incorporated into the SMRGT model’s input variables. The output was the flow coefficient. The prediction made by the model was validated against observational data. The comparison relies on numerous statistics and errors. The results indicated that the SMRGT model predicts the flow coefficient extraordinarily well and is an excellent method for generating membership functions and fuzzy rules.
Application of Weap Model for Managing Water Resources in Iraq: A Review
Authors: Hamdi Aya A , Abdulhameed Isam M , Mawlood Ibtihal A 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to the construction of dams in upstream countries and the usage of surface irrigation systems, Iraq has been experiencing a water shortage. Due to population increase and the expansion of the industrial and agricultural sectors, the country is having difficulty keeping up with the rising demand for water. Many previous studies carried out to optimize the water resources management in Iraq over the two decades using Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) modeling considering various aspects and different water resources throughout Iraq provinces. This study aims to find out if the WEAP modeling is reliable to optimize water resources management, fourteen previous studies were reviewed to figure out the fields they focused on, the study limitations, and the obtained results. It was found that the WEAP model is reliable for assessing, planning, and optimization of water resources management.
Determination of Radon Radiation Concentration in Groundwater for Some Wells of Baghdad City
Authors: Mohammed Amer A , Nadaand Kamal B , Falih Ali H , Jassem Ali A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Radon level was measured in (17) groundwater samples collected from Baghdad city/ Iraq and two samples from Tigris and Dyala River. The measurements were performed by RAD7 an electronic radon detector manufactured by Durridge Company Inc. The concentrations of radon (226Ra) ranged from 0.3 to 2 (Bq/L). Radon concentrations from all the villages/towns were well below the was lower than WHO and EPA standard limits recommended by USEPA, UNSCEAR, EU Council and WHO. The total annual effective doses ranges from 1.64to 10.95 μSv.y-1 were less than 0.1mSv.y-1 which Recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The study also examined the relationship between the total dissolved solids (TDS) and the concentration of Radon-222 and it shows the absence of any linear relationship between the variables and concentrations Radon.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Wastewater Treatment Plant in the Women’s and Children’s Hospital in Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq
Authors: Abdul Karim Muhammad Q , Mahmood Bashar A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the wastewater treatment station in the Women’s and Children’s Hospital in the city of Ramadi. Samples were collected from the treatment plant (water entering the station and treated water) during the two study seasons (summer and winter). As some physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water entering the station and the treated water were studied to find out the efficiency of this station. It included the physical properties (temperature and conductivity), while the chemical properties included (pH, chloride, total hardness, nitrates, and COD, Oils, greases and dissolved oxygen). Biological characteristics include the biological requirement for oxygen. As it was noted that the efficiency of the station in getting rid of the conductivity is 18.38the chloride is 6.79%, the total hardness is 55.58%, the nitrates are 26.3%, and the COD is 30.6%, while the efficiency of the station for the disposal of oils and greases was 40.5% and BOD 49.23%,. The results of the study showed that the use of the water coming out of the station for irrigation and drinking purposes is not valid because some of the determinants exceeded the permissible limit.