bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Service Life of Concrete Infrastructures
Authors: Markeset Gro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the development of low-emission concretes the focus has been on the reduction of carbon footprint by using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). However, the resistance against chloride ingress may vary considerably among the different types of SCM concretes. For concrete structures exposed to chloride-induced corrosion, the resistance against chloride penetration is decisive in determining the service life of the structures. This paper presents calculations of CO2 emissions (Global Warming Potentials—GWPs) from two road culvert solutions, a concrete culvert with two types of low-carbon concretes and a steel pipe culvert. It was found that the main source of the emissions came from the production of concrete and steel materials. The importance of including service life as a parameter in the assessment of CO2 emissions from concrete infrastructures is demonstrated through the chloride ingress simulations of four different SCM concretes. Based on Fick’s second law of diffusion, the service life for a reinforced concrete structure can be twice as long by using concrete with 20% fly ash and 4% silica fume than by using concrete with 35% fly ash. The GWP from concrete is typically given per volume unit. However, a more appropriate unit for LCA of concrete infrastructure should be to include service life and strength parameters in the GWP calculations.
Suitability of Excavation Clay Wastes for Sustainable Earthen Construction
Authors: Harding India , Rengaraju Sripriya , Al-Tabbaa Abir 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAchieving net-zero emissions by 2050 is driving innovation across the construction industry. Within the industry, there is no component in greater need for change than concrete. The carbon emissions associated with concrete production could be reduced if radical changes to the industry took place. Calcined clay is a growing area of research interest, with its value in LC3 concrete showing great potential. Research beyond concrete-based applications, however, is sparse. This chapter will review the reactivity of calcined clays and assess their suitability as pozzolanic materials. The high reactivity potential of kaolinite is well established across literature; however, the reactivity of low-grade excavation waste comprising 2:1 clay minerals is underexplored. This study thereby assesses the chemical properties and reactivity potential of waste clays and therefore their potential as a polymer. Isothermal calorimetry and bound water R3 tests confirmed that certain excavation wastes exhibit similarities to pure 2:1 minerals like bentonite. While kaolinite is preferred, moderate to high proportions of 2:1 minerals demonstrate potential as supplementary cementitious materials. The novelty of this research is that pozzolanic waste will be applied within earth, rather than concrete. The lower strength requirements of earthen structures alongside typically poor durability properties will be examined in future studies. This study of chemical performance within earthen applications will further demonstrate the value of calcined clay, an abundant yet low-carbon material, thereby facilitating the industry’s transition towards net-zero.
Circularity Index and Benchmarks for Buildings: A Novel and Transferable Approach to Evaluating the Circularity Performance Tested in a Norwegian Context
Authors: Wiik Marianne Kjendseth , Rasmussen Freja Nygaard , Homaei Shabnam , Fjellheim Kristin , Nordby Anne Sigrid , Vadseth Reidun Aasen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCircular strategies of prolonging and closing resource flows within the economy hold the potential of avoiding greenhouse gas emissions and reducing other environmental impacts. There are several circularity indexing systems that account for material circularity in buildings. However, there is a lack of harmonized benchmarking systems, meaning that circular buildings are mostly compared with alternatives of their own design. This study addresses these research gaps by exploring a mass-based circularity indexing system and identifying current and future references for the circularity performance of buildings, for use in FutureBuilt, a Norwegian green building innovation programme. The FutureBuilt Circularity Index system rates a building’s circularity performance between 0% and 100%. The indexing system discerns between materials and masses used during construction, and materials available at the end of life of the building. A weighting system is introduced to emphasize the importance of reusing materials at the highest level of functional quality, and to emphasize the importance of current resource circularity versus circularity at the building’s end of life. The circularity index is tested on four Norwegian buildings that have a high focus on circularity, achieving indexing levels from 44% to 69%. A mixed methods approach using statistics, environmental product declarations, and interviews is applied to establish the reference baseline for Norwegian buildings (i.e. 7% circularity) and scenarios for future circularity in 2050 (from 35% to 80% circularity). Actors in the Norwegian construction industry can evaluate the level of ambition for circular buildings by using this novel indexing system and benchmarking approach, which can also be adopted to other national or regional contexts.
Enhancing Climate Resilience in Mixed-Mode Buildings: A Study of Hybrid Ventilation Strategies in a Cold Climate
Authors: Rabani Mehrdad , Coelho Guilherme B. A. , Petersen Arnkell Jonas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn Europe, where buildings are responsible for about 36% of total greenhouse gas emissions, largely due to their operational energy use, addressing climate change necessitates reducing buildings’ energy consumption, particularly for climatization. Despite its energy demands, climatization is crucial for a healthy indoor environment. Thus, efforts to enhance climatization efficiency must aim to both lower energy use and preserve indoor comfort.This research explores resilience of a hybrid ventilation strategy in a mixed-mode office building in a cold climate. The study evaluates the energy performance of two ventilation strategies—full mechanical ventilation and hybrid ventilation—under future conditions relative to contemporary scenarios. Two distinct emission scenarios, RCP 4.5 (mid-emission) and RCP 8.5 (high emission), are considered, spanning three periods: near future, far future, and a reference period.Oslo, the capital of Norway, serves as the selected case study because it exemplifies a relatively large city by Nordic standards, situated in a cold and humid continental climate. Weather data were compiled in accordance with EN ISO 15927-4 standards, using a 30-year period for reference. Subsequently, the Perez model was applied to separate global radiation into its direct and diffuse elements. Following this, simulations of the indoor climate and energy requirements were conducted using IDA ICE.The results indicate that adopting hybrid ventilation can lead to energy savings of up to 40% in scenarios of high emissions during the far future. This efficiency gain is primarily attributed to an extension of the window opening period, which is approximately 6% longer than the baseline period. Such an increase in window opening duration notably contributes to the reduction of indoor CO2 levels, as illustrated by the case of Norway. These findings emphasize the critical role of incorporating passive design solutions, like hybrid ventilation through window openings, into both architectural design and urban planning practices in cold climates.
Recent Progress in Net-Zero-Energy Buildings in Tropical Climates: A Review of the Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mengaw Mengesha Asefie , Mengesha Wubishet Jekale , Madessa Habtamu Bayera 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBuildings account for a significant proportion of the total energy consumption in the global energy sector, with a value of about 40% of the total energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and studying building energy can play a crucial role in shaping sustainable development goals (SDGs). Interest in achieving net-zero and positive-energy buildings has been growing in recent years. Recent research publications to this day exhibit a lack of focus on net-zero-energy buildings (NZEBs); a more comprehensive literature would include the challenges and opportunities of such buildings. For this reason, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive up-to-date review of the recent progress, challenges, and opportunities in constructing net-zero-energy buildings in tropical climates.The findings show that the opportunities for constructing net-zero-energy buildings in tropical climates include, but are not limited to, the availability of solar energy, government policies and incentives promoting NZEBs, monetary benefits from increasing the demand for energy-efficient buildings, creating employment opportunities in research and development, reducing operational energy costs, and decreasing the carbon emissions of buildings. On the other hand, the challenges to constructing NZEBs in tropical climates are their high initial costs, regulations and policies, technological barriers to developing energy-efficient materials that are both cost-effective and readily available, connecting net-zero-energy buildings to smart grids, environmental and socioeconomic concerns, occupant behavior, and retrofitting existing buildings.
BREEAM Excellent and Zero-Emission Educational Building: A Case Study on Energy Performance and Indoor Climate Evaluation
Authors: Liang Emma Zheng , Hellum Bente , Melle Carl Fredrik , Spoletini Adrian , Langeteig Hermann Sliper 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith global concern about climate change on the rise, environmental certification of buildings with BREEAM Nor will provide a holistic evaluation on the sustainability of buildings, especially in Norway. When it comes to optimizing energy performance and indoor climate, a paradox often exists. This paradox becomes even more challenging in the context of educational buildings, where it can be difficult to achieve both optimal indoor climate and passive house standards due to potential negative impacts on energy performance, particularly with regard to energy use for cooling. In this study, energy performance and indoor climate are assessed in a pilot project (the school project: one of Norway’s most environmentally friendly schools). The connection between energy supply solutions, building envelope, and technical details will be elucidated. The study underscores the importance of post-occupancy evaluation to compare a building’s projected performance with its actual outcomes. This process helps identify gaps and discrepancies, allowing for adjustments to meet intended energy efficiency and environmental goals. This paper is partly based on a bachelor’s project by three bachelor’s students from Oslo Metropolitan University.
Integrated Technical Building Installations for Zero-Emission Building
Authors: Liang Emma Zheng , Madessa Habtamu Bayera 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIt is known that the built environment is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. In the building sectors, significant efforts have been made to reduce emission associated with energy use in buildings and construction materials. However, the process related to integrated technical building installations (ITB) is not well addressed. The study includes a case study for zero-emission educational building. By examining case studies, best practices, and emerging problems, this research sheds light on the transformative power of integrated technical building installations in optimizing energy efficiency and consequently reducing carbon footprints. The findings underscore the need for a multidisciplinary approach, collaboration among stakeholders, and the integration of best practices in the realization of zero-emission buildings should be applied at the very beginning of building process.
Reducing Energy Consumption Through Energy Monitoring Systems: A Case Study in Norway
Authors: Liang Emma Zheng , Paramonov Sergey , Madessa Habtamu Bayera 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe topic on how to reduce energy use by close monitoring system, such as Energy Monitoring System (EMS), has attracted more and more interests nowadays. However, there is a noticeable lack of practical case studies illustrating the concrete steps, the potential challenges, and actionable solutions along with the process. This study is based on a pilot project for Vestfold and Telemark County municipality in Norway, aiming to reduce energy use by tracking and analyzing energy consumption patterns on a weekly basis. Deployment of EMS system offers the real-time monitoring capabilities, providing an invaluable tool for energy use optimization. By studying the interactive measurements and illustrating trends through interactive diagrams, EMS system producing relevant results parallelly facilitates precise energy optimization, enhancing sustainability and facilitating the efficiency of energy management. This study underscores the contribution of the EMS system and its practical barriers and their respective resolutions, emphasizing the necessity of these insights toward zero carbon footprint and energy-efficient future. Notably, the close monitoring and optimization of energy usage in this case study culminated in savings of 9.8 million Norwegian kroner in 2022.
Exploring Multilevel Governance Networks in Deployment of Positive Energy Districts: Case of Salzburg
Authors: Cheng Caroline , Gohari Savis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPositive Energy Districts (PEDs) represent innovative place-based strategic approaches aimed at advancing our climate goals within the built environment. PEDs are increasingly recognized as a vital component in the journey toward achieving climate neutrality and fostering smart cities. Success in deploying PEDs necessitates holistic consideration of political, social, environmental, procedural, economic, technological, and contextual factors, involving shifting constellations of stakeholders. Achieving human-centric PEDs requires a transdisciplinary collaboration and a cocreation approach, bridging gaps between the public sector, business sector, research and technology sector, and end users. Many emerging studies have recognized that the main challenge of deploying PEDs pertains to silo thinking and suboptimal governance systems. This exploratory chapter aims to delve into the governance structures and functions in the deployment of a PED project. The chapter adopts a single-case study approach focused on a Sustainable Plus Energy Neighborhood (SPEN) in the specific context of Salzburg, Austria. Our objective is to map the structure of the governance network and their interactions for knowledge and resource exchange in the deployment of PEDs. Our findings challenge the adequacy of both total rational planning and incremental planning approaches in addressing the complexities inherent in neighborhood-scale projects like GNICE SPEN in Salzburg. Our study underscores the importance of recognizing the limitations of traditional planning paradigms and advocating for more adaptive and inclusive approaches to governance. The contribution of this chapter is to refine the structural-functionalism model for empirical investigations of governance models, particularly in the context of PEDs.
Introduction: Demanding a Radical Constitution
Authors: Barandiaran Javiera 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This introduction explains the immediate and long-term causes of constitutional reform in Chile, with a focus on the 2019 estallido, as well as the range of forces that led a majority to reject the 2022 text. Multiple, often contradictory, factors motivated Chileans both to take to the streets in 2019 and vote to reject the constitution. This introduction examines the various political and institutional dynamics which eroded support for constitutional reform. With the benefit of hindsight, these dynamics might have been handled differently, underscoring the need to learn from this process.
Indigenous Representation: How Recognition, Reciprocity, and Reserved Seats Shaped the Constitutional Convention
Authors: Partridge Tristan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhen the Constitutional Convention began rewriting Chile’s constitution in 2021, 17 of the 155 assembly seats were reserved for Indigenous representatives. This unprecedented achievement, though a compromise, was the result of decades of ongoing struggle for Indigenous recognition and representation as well as intensified organizing during, and after, the 2019 estallido. This chapter relays how the agreement took shape, noting key debates and exchanges in the formation of this landmark in Chilean politics, highlighting the influence of persistent anti-Indigenous sentiment across Chile, and placing the move for Indigenous representation and visibility in constitutional politics within the context of parallel struggles across Latin America.
An Ombudsman for Nature: Putting Environmental Protection into Practice Within an ‘Eco-constitution’
Authors: Wercinski Mia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA component of the 2022 ‘Eco-constitution’ was the creation of an Ombudsman for Nature (in Spanish, Defensoría de la Naturaleza)—an office with the authority and tools needed to hold accountable the myriad forces responsible for ecological destruction. The need for an Ombudsman stemmed from Chile’s relatively weak environmental enforcement capacities in a context of rich biodiversity and export-oriented extractivism of minerals, industrial agriculture, and forestry products. This chapter explores the articles within the 2022 constitutional text that sought to create an Ombudsman for Nature, focusing on their necessity and the office’s four central traits.
Knowledge Systems: Redefining Science and Bioethics for the Common Good
Authors: Torralbo Camila , Salazar Maite 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAsking what role science has in creating changes to advance to a “good life” and “the common good,” this chapter reviews the CC’s efforts to redefine science. The Chilean social uprising (2019)—triggered by demands for social rights—resulted in a proposal for constitutional reform that included innovative articles on Knowledge Systems (Article 96) and Bioethics (Article 98); the causes and goals of these articles are explored in this chapter.
SLC10A7 regulates O-GalNAc glycosylation and Ca2+ homeostasis in the secretory pathway: insights into SLC10A7-CDG
Authors: Durin Zoé , Layotte Aurore , Morelle Willy , Houdou Marine , Folcher Antoine , Legrand Dominique , Lefeber Dirk , Prevarskaya Natalia , Von Blume Julia , Cormier-Daire Valérie , Foulquier François 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlycans are known to be fundamental for many cellular and physiological functions. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) currently encompassing over 160 subtypes, are characterized by glycan synthesis and/or processing defects. Despite the increasing number of CDG patients, therapeutic options remain very limited as our knowledge on glycan synthesis is fragmented. The emergence of CDG resulting from defects in ER/ Golgi homeostasis makes this even more difficult. SLC10A7 belongs to the SLC10 protein family, known as bile acid and steroid transport family, exhibiting a unique structure. It shows a ubiquitous expression and is linked to negative calcium regulation in cells. The mechanisms by which SLC10A7 deficiency leads to Golgi glycosylation abnormalities are unknown. The present study identifies major O-glycosylation defects in both SLC10A7 KO HAP1 cells and SLC10A7-CDG patient fibroblasts and reveals an increased ER and Golgi calcium contents. We also show that the abundance of COSMC and C1GALT1 is altered in SLC10A7-CDG patient cells, as well as the subcellular Golgi localization of the Ca2+-binding Cab45 protein. Finally, we demonstrate that supraphysiological manganese supplementation suppresses the deficient electrophoretic mobility of TGN46 by an aberrant transfer of GalNAc residues, and reveal COSMC Mn2+ sensitivity. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of Golgi glycosylation defects in SLC10A7-deficient cells. They show that SLC10A7 is a key Golgi transmembrane protein maintaining the tight regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER and Golgi compartments, both essential for glycosylation.
Digital basierte klinisch-orientierte Anatomie: Zukunft der Lehre
Authors: Maier Esther C. , Ödemis Veysel , Bräuer Anja U. 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die universitäre Lehre befindet sich im Umbruch. Steigende Studierendenzahlen sowie die voranschreitende Digitalisierung des Alltags führen auch in der Lehre zur Erprobung verschiedenster neuer Lehr- und Lernformate. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über Hintergründe und Ansätze, die genutzt werden, um anatomischen Unterricht unter Einsatz digitaler Lernmethoden effektiv und effizient zu gestalten und den Erwartungen der Studierenden gerecht zu werden.
Geometric stability of detonation propagation in curved channels
Authors: Shi X. , Hencel R. , Crane J. , Fotia M. , Wang H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDetonation propagation dynamics in circularly curved channels are investigated using both experimental and geometric modeling approaches. Quasi-two-dimensional curved channels with a range of channel widths and curve radii were tested. Experimentally, three propagation modes were observed: a stable propagation mode featuring a flat detonation front and steady near-CJ propagation, an unstable mode with varying frontal structures and velocity oscillations, and failure to propagate. Experimental data from the current study and those in the literature show that for a given ratio between channel width and detonation cell width, there exists a critical inner-to-outer radius ratio that sets apart the stable and unstable propagation modes. A regime map is proposed in the present work to describe the observed propagation modes. The regime map highlights the competition between the focusing effect of the outer concave boundary (with respect to the transverse waves) and the diverging effect of the inner convex boundary in addition to the effect from the channel-to-cell width ratio. With a reduced channel-to-cell width ratio, the inner-to-outer radius ratio critical to sustained detonation propagation must increase. Geometric modeling results are found to be in agreement with experimental observations. In addition, geometric modeling was used to test channel geometries beyond what has been experimentally tested and to provide a rational explanation for the regime map.