bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extension of Thing Descriptions from the Web of Things for Digital Twins
Authors: González-Gerpe Salvador , Cimmino Andrea , Bernardos Socorro , García-Castro Raúl , Poveda-Villalón María , Katsigarakis Kyriakos , N. Lilis Georgios , Rovas Dimitrios 
Published: December 2022

Background: Digital Twins are becoming ubiquitous in a range of domains, such as construction or e-health. Due to the numerous applications where Digital Twins can be adopted, they have to manage heterogeneous cross-domain data that is consumed by third-party service or domain experts. Digital Twins may allow for performing operational commands that are transformed into actions in the physical world; these operations can be grouped into processes. In the domain of construction, a European Project named COGITO was proposed, in which a Digital Twin is used to simulate the construction processes carried out in three railway stations in Europe (Spain, Denmark and Austria). The lack of interoperable data due to heterogeneity in the APIs of the physical layer, the complexity that entails managing these data at the digital model, and the difficulty of orchestrating the data exchanged among the advanced features have been the roadblocks in the project. Methods: The problems have been addressed by adopting the W3C Web of Things (WoT) standard, by using Thing Descriptions. Although the challenges are specific for the COGITO project, they could be found in any Digital Twin proposal. Thus, the article presents how they are solved and addressed in COGITO. Results: The results demonstrate that relying on a Knowledge Graph for the provenance, another for describing a distributed architecture of semantic interoperability services and a final one for data, allows to build a distributed Digital Twin over heterogeneous data sources that provide semantic interoperable data in each digital layer. Conclusions: The lack of a Digital Twin standard highlights the necessity of adopting existing standards and extending them in order to adapt their suitability to the Digital Twin context. Hence, the article presents how WoT is helpful for addressing the challenges, and how it could be extended in the future to support Digital Twins.
Migration, Bankers, and Social Capital. The Rise of a Basque “Industrial Cowboy” in the American West: John Etchart, 1900-1943
Authors: Saitua Iker 
Published: December 2022

The present article contributes to the general topics of migration, banking and social capital. It analyzes the business career of John Etchart in the American West from 1900 to 1943; from being a wage-earning sheepherder to becoming one of the most prosperous stockmen in Montana. The biography-centered approach is patterned after the work of other scholars who have studied ranching businesses with emphasis on the dynamic individuals behind the companies. The biography of John Etchart offers a window into important issues for the study of Basque immigration and sheep industry in the West. Etchart’s story exemplifies the Basque immigrant’s climb up the agricultural ladder that involved the emergence of partnerships within the Basque community. Etchart is also tied to the creation and development of cooperative initiatives among woolgrowers beyond the Basque community. Finally, the Etchart history enhances understandings of the various business practices undertaken by livestock outfits in Montana in the 1920s and 1930s.
Simple high-precision diode laser system with digital control
Authors: Garain Suman , Bandyopadhyay Amitava , Bhattacharyya Dipankar , Mondal Suman , Roy Subhasish 
Published: December 2022

A simple wavelength tunable diode laser system has been designed and fabricated for laboratory use. Both the current and temperature controllers are based on an AVR microcontroller, and the experimental controls have been implemented with the help of daemon programs running in a message passing interface environment, which allows the users to run the control server and client programs on separate computers. The stability of the controllers has been tested using a distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser with a central wavelength of 852.3 nm. A noise spectral analysis of the current controller with and without the use of the diode laser as the active load has been demonstrated. The absorption spectra of

6

S

1

/

2

→
6

P

3

/

2

transition of

133

C
s

, as recorded by using the DFB laser system developed, are also presented.
Enhancement of slope efficiency of a dually modulated photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser over a wide range of emission angles by introducing a backside reflector
Authors: Ishizaki Kenji , Sakata Ryoichi , Iwata Kintaro , Inoue Takuya , De Zoysa Menaka , Imamura Akira , Yoshida Masahiro , Hatsuda Ranko , Gelleta John , Noda Susumu 
Published: December 2022

Dually modulated photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (DM-PCSELs) are a new type of semiconductor laser that enable on-chip, mechanical-free, high-power, high-beam-quality 2D beam scanning over a wide field of view. These lasers are attracting attention for application in light detection and ranging, and the improvement of their slope efficiency is desired for this application. Thus far, the highest experimentally demonstrated slope efficiency is approximately 0.4 W/A at wavelengths of around 940 nm, which was limited by the fact that roughly half of the laser light was emitted toward and absorbed by the backside electrode. In this work, in order to improve the slope efficiency of DM-PCSELs, we utilize the light emitted toward the backside of the device by introducing a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) as a backside reflector. In consideration of this laser’s ability to emit beams over a wide field of view, we design laser structures that facilitate a commensurate enhancement of efficiency at various emission angles. Next, we discuss the effect of the DBR on the confinement of transverse modes in thickness direction as well as the suppression of higher-order transverse modes. Then, we analyze the emission characteristics of a DM-PCSEL with a DBR and calculate that the theoretical slope efficiency is enhanced to 0.7–0.8 W/A, which is twice that of the device without a DBR, over a wide range of emission angles from 0° to 30°. We then fabricate the devices and experimentally demonstrate the emission of a single-lobed beam with a high slope efficiency of 0.7–0.8 W/A.
Disability and the achievement of Universal Health Coverage in the Maldives
Authors: Banks Lena Morgon , O’Fallon Timothy , Hameed Shaffa , Usman Sofoora Kawsar , Polack Sarah , Kuper Hannah 
Published: December 2022

Objective
To assess access to general and disability-related health care among people with disabilities in the Maldives.

Methods
This study uses data from a case-control study (n = 711) nested within a population-based, nationally representative survey to compare health status and access to general healthcare amongst people with and without disabilities. Cases and controls were matched by gender, location and age. Unmet need for disability-related healthcare is also assessed. Multivariate regression was used for comparisons between people with and without disabilities.

Results
People with disabilities had poorer levels of health compared to people without disabilities, including poorer self-rated health, increased likelihood of having a chronic condition and of having had a serious health event in the previous 12 months. Although most people with and without disabilities sought care when needed, people with disabilities were much more likely to report difficulties when routinely accessing healthcare services compared to people without disabilities. Additionally, 24% of people with disabilities reported an unmet need for disability-related healthcare, which was highest amongst people with hearing, communication and cognitive difficulties, as well as amongst older adults and people living in the lowest income per capita quartile. Median healthcare spending in the past month was modest for people with and without disabilities. However, people with disabilities appear to have high episodic healthcare costs, such as for disability-related healthcare and when experiencing a serious health event.

Conclusions
This study found evidence that people with disabilities experience unmet needs for both disability-related and general healthcare. There is therefore evidence that people with disabilities in the Maldives are falling behind in core components relevant to UHC: availability of all services needed, and quality and affordability of healthcare.
A systematic review verified by bioinformatic analysis based on TCGA reveals week prognosis power of CAIX in renal cancer
Authors: Zhang Zikuan , Wu Bo , Shao Yuan , Chen Yongquan , Wang Dongwen 
Published: December 2022

Background
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) protein has been correlated with progression and survival in patients with some tumors such as head and neck carcinoma. But renal cell carcinoma is an exception. The prognostic value of CAIX in RCC used to be associated with patients’ survival according to published works. This study aimed to rectify the former conclusion.

Methods
This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020160181). A literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and Web of Science databases was performed to retrieve original studies until April of 2022. Twenty-seven studies, including a total of 5462 patients with renal cell carcinoma, were reviewed. Standard meta-analysis methods were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of CAIX expression on patient prognosis. The hazard ratio and its 95% confidence interval were recorded for the relationship between CAIX expression and survival, and the data were analyzed using Stata 11.0. Then we verify the meta-analysis resort to bioinformatics (TCGA).

Results
Our initial search resulted in 908 articles in total. From PubMed, Embase, Web of Science electronic and Cochrane library databases, 493, 318 and 97 potentially relevant articles were discovered, respectively. We took the analysis between CA9 and disease-specific survival (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.82–1.70, I2 = 79.3%, P<0.05), a subgroup then was performed to enhance the result (HR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.30–2.03, I2 = 26.3%, P = 0.228); overall survival was also parallel with the former (HR = 1.13, 95%CI: 0.82–1.56, I2 = 79.8%, P<0.05), then a subgroup also be performed (HR = 0.90, 95%CI:0.75–1.07, I2 = 23.1%, P = 0.246) to verify the result; the analysis between CAIX and progression-free survival got the similar result (HR = 1.73, 95%CI:0.97–3.09, I2 = 82.4%, P<0.05), we also verify the result by subgroup analysis (HR = 1.04, 95%CI:0.79–1.36, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.465); at last the relationship between CAIX and recurrence-free survival got the same result, too (HR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.95–1.02, I2 = 57.8%, P = 0.050), the subgroup’s result was also parallel with the former (HR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.91–1.03, I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.704). To validate our meta-analysis, we took a bioinformatic analysis based on TCGA database, survival curve between low and high CAIX expression in four endpoints (DSS, OS, PFI, DFI) have corresponding P value (DSS:P = 0.23, OS:P = 0.77, PFI:P = 0.25, DFI:P = 0.78).

Conclusions
CAIX expression in patients with RCC is an exception to predict tumor survival. Both low CAIX expression and high expression are not associated with survivals in RCC patients.
Business grants following natural disasters and their different impact on the performance of female and male-owned microenterprises: Evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: Luong Ha 
Published: December 2022

Objective
This paper investigates gender differences in the treatment effects of business grants on firm performance following natural disasters, and seeks to identify the mechanisms underlying the unequal effects.

Method
A panel data-set from an experiment in Sri Lanka is used to measure the difference in the treatment effects of a business grant on the performance of female and male-owned firms following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The sample of 608 microenterprises includes 297 female-owned firms and 311 male-owned firms. There are 338 firms (Male = 176, Female = 162) in the treatment group that received the grant and 270 firms (Male = 135, Female = 135) in the control group that did not receive the grant. Data on firm performance, firm characteristics and owner characteristics were collected in 13 survey waves from April 2005 to December 2010. Firm performance, which is measured by firm profit, is assessed by employing linear regression with fixed effects in an intention-to-treat analysis.

Findings
The results suggest that the business grant has a positive impact on the performance of male-owned firms, but zero effect on that of female-owned firms. Several potential mechanisms drive the results, including gender differences in business investment, household expenditure and initial business closures. The results also show a positive treatment effect of the business grant on the psychological recovery of recipients, but there is no evidence supporting gender differences in this dimension.

Contribution
This paper provides new evidence on gender differences in the treatment effects of business grants on firm performance in the context of post-disasters, and has implications for business recovery programs aimed at supporting female microentrepreneurs in the aftermath of large-scale catastrophes.
The phenomenon of nationalism in nation-state
Authors: Tanrıverdi Ezgi 
Published: December 2022

Following dissolution of empires, nation-states appeared on the stage of history in the 19th century when they were established as a result of nationalism that came into prominence based on unity of common language and history.
it would not be wrong to say that the nationalist movements that started in the 19th century and the transition period to the nation-state structure took place simultaneously. Nationalism has an important role in the process of losing the legitimacy of traditional structures and the emergence of modern states.
The nationalist movement and its studies, which gained momentum especially after the world wars, were gen-erally evaluated together with modernism. Even if nationalism is not an ideology, it is undeniable that the na-tion form has existed in social life since ancient times.
In addition to the economic, social and cultural reasons and changes that helped the emergence of the nation-state, there is also the concept of "nationalism", which was of interest to sociology at the end of the 19th cen-tury and at the beginning of the 20th century.
The nation-state differs from previous state structures with its nationalist nature. Reasons such as changing economic functions, their organization and social change have found reality in the nation-state structure on the political axis and have also formed the cultural essence. It would be appropriate to emphasize that nationalism is undoubtedly the dominant element in the structuring of the nation-state, whether it is based on blood ties, language or cultural unity. The nation-states, which we accept as the modern period state structure, have formed today's modern nation-state structure by adopting nationalism as an ideology in order to integrate their people.
This study seeks to answer certain questions such as whether the idea of nationalism influences the for-mation of nation-state and whether nation-states play an active role in the rise of nationalism. As a result of evaluations, it appears that the idea of nationalism, on one hand, has an active role in the formation of nation-state and nation-state, on the other hand, plays a role in the rise of nationalism as an ideology for keeping together the population living within its territory after its formation process.
PPARγ activation improved learning and memory and attenuated oxidative stress in the hippocampus and cortex of aged rats
Authors: Beheshti Farimah , Gholami Masoumeh , Ghane Zahra , Nazari Seyedeh  Elnaz , Salari Maryam , Shabab Sadegh , Hosseini Mahmoud 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOxidative stress has an important role in brain aging and its consequences include cognitive decline and physiological disorders. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) activation has been suggested to decrease oxidative stress. In the current research, the effect of PPARγ activation by pioglitazone(Pio) on learning, memory and oxidative stress was evaluated in aged rats. The rats were divided into five groups. In the Control group, vehicle (saline‐diluted dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) and saline were injected instead of Pio and scopolamine (Sco), respectively. In the Sco group, the vehicle was injected instead of Pio and the rats were injected by Sco 30 min before the behavioral tests. In the Sco‐Pio 10, Sco‐Pio 20, and Sco‐Pio 30 groups, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg Pio was injected and finally, the rats were injected with Sco 30 min before the behavioral tests. Morris water mater maze(MWM) and passive avoidance(PA) tests were carried out, and finally, the hippocampus and cortex were removed for biochemical assessments. The results showed that the highest dose of Pio decreased the traveling time and distance during 5 days of learning and increased the time and distance in the target area on the probe day of MWM. The highest dose of Pio also prolonged the delay time for entering the dark and total time spent in the light while decreasing the total time spent in and the number of entries into the dark in PA test. Pio especially, in the medium and highest doses, decreased MDA while increasing thiol, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the hippocampus and cortex. It is concluded that PPARγ activation by Pio as an agonist improved learning and memory in aged rats probably by attenuating oxidative stress in the hippocampus and cortex.
Acute responsiveness to single leg cycling in adults with obesity
Authors: Gries Kevin J. , Hart Corey R. , Kunz Hawley E. , Ryan Zachary , Zhang Xiaoyan , Parvizi Mojtaba , Liu Yuanhang , Dasari Surendra , Lanza Ian R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObesity is associated with several skeletal muscle impairments which can be improved through an aerobic exercise prescription. The possibility that exercise responsiveness is diminished in people with obesity has been suggested but not well‐studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate how obesity influences acute exercise responsiveness in skeletal muscle and circulating amino metabolites. Non‐obese (NO; n = 19; 10F/9M; BMI = 25.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2) and Obese (O; n = 21; 14F/7M; BMI = 37.3 ± 4.6 kg/m2) adults performed 30 min of single‐leg cycling at 70% of VO2peak. 13C6‐Phenylalanine was administered intravenously for muscle protein synthesis measurements. Serial muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were collected before exercise and 3.5‐ and 6.5‐h post‐exercise to measure protein synthesis and gene expression. Targeted plasma metabolomics was used to quantitate amino metabolites before and 30 and 90 min after exercise. The exercise‐induced fold change in mixed muscle protein synthesis trended (p = 0.058) higher in NO (1.28 ± 0.54‐fold) compared to O (0.95 ± 0.42‐fold) and was inversely related to BMI (R2 = 0.140, p = 0.027). RNA sequencing revealed 331 and 280 genes that were differentially expressed after exercise in NO and O, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis showed O had six blunted pathways related to metabolism, cell to cell communication, and protein turnover after exercise. The circulating amine response further highlighted dysregulations related to protein synthesis and metabolism in adults with obesity at the basal state and in response to the exercise bout. Collectively, these data highlight several unique pathways in individuals with obesity that resulted in a modestly blunted exercise response.
Stylistic alignment in natural conversation involving second language speakers
Authors: Jung YeonJoo , Crossley Scott 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To date, a growing body of second language (L2) research has investigated linguistic alignment as a pedagogical intervention, focusing on L2 learners’ alignment behaviors in task-based interactions (e.g., Jung, YeonJoo, YouJin Kim & John Murphy. 2017. The role of task repetition in learning word-stress patterns through auditory priming tasks. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 39(2). 319–346; Kim, YouJin, YeonJoo Jung & Stephen Skalicky. 2019. Linguistic alignment, learner characteristics, and the production of stranded prepositions in relative clauses: Comparing FTF and SCMC contexts. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 41(5). 937–969). Linguistic alignment refers to a tendency where one speaker’s utterances align with particular language features of those of the other speaker in dialogue. The current study investigated how L2 speakers’ alignment behaviors differ in natural dialogues between L2-L1 and L2-L2 dyads in terms of language style (i.e., stylistic alignment) and the role of non-linguistic factors in the occurrence of stylistic alignment. The study analyzed a corpus of 360 texts using a computational tool. Results showed that stylistic alignment occurred to a greater extent in the L2-L2 dyad than in the L2-L1 dyad with respect to the word range, word frequency, word imageability, and proportion of bigrams proportion produced by the interlocutors. Furthermore, findings demonstrated the degree of stylistic alignment on each of the four selected lexical features was affected by numerous factors including age, group membership, nonnative speaker status, familiarity between interlocutors, and linguistic distance between L1 and L2. The effect of each factor on stylistic alignment in conversation is discussed in detail.
Täter und Täterinnen von Cyberkriminalität: Ergebnisse einer quantitativen Dunkelfeldbefragung in Niedersachsen
Authors: Müller Philipp , Dreißigacker Arne , Isenhardt Anna , Wollinger Gina Rosa 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse selbstberichteter Delinquenz im Bereich Cyberkriminalität im engeren und weiteren Sinne vor, die im Rahmen einer repräsentativen Befragung der niedersächsischen Bevölkerung ab 16 Jahren im Jahr 2020 zum Thema Cyberkriminalität gewonnen werden konnten (N=4.102). Ein Ergebnis ist, dass der Anteil der Personen, die von eigenen Tathandlungen im Bereich Cyberkriminalität im engeren Sinne innerhalb der letzten zwölf Monate berichteten, mit 0,5 % sehr klein ist. Im Bereich Cyberkriminalität im weiteren Sinne gaben immerhin 9,5 % eigene Tathandlungen innerhalb eines Jahres an. Neben der Darstellung weiterer Ergebnisse zu sozioökonomischen Unterschieden zwischen Tätern, Täterinnen und Nicht-Tätern bzw. Nicht-Täterinnen, zur Täter bzw. Täterinnen-Opfer-Überschneidung sowie zur Beziehung zwischen Tätern, Täterinnen und Opfern wird der methodische Zugang in Hinblick auf zukünftige Täter- bzw. Täterinnenforschung diskutiert.
Strengthenings of Young-type inequalities and the arithmetic geometric mean inequality
Authors: Ren Yonghui , Li Pengtong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present some generalizations and further refinements of Young-type inequality due to Choi [Math. Inequal. Appl. 21 (2018), 99–106], which strengthen the results obtained by Ighachane et al. [Math. Inequal. Appl. 23 (2020), 1079–1085]. As applications of these scalars results, we can get some inequalities for determinants, trace and p-norms of τ-measurable operators.
Induced mappings on symmetric products of Hausdorff spaces
Authors: García Yolanda , Maya David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The symbol 𝓕
n
(X) denotes the hyperspace of all nonempty subsets of a Hausdorff space X having at most n points. This hyperspace is endowed with the Vietoris topology. For a mapping between Hausdorff spaces f : X → Y, define the induced mapping fn
: 𝓕
n
(X) → 𝓕
n
(Y) by fn
(A) = f(A) (the image of A under f). In this paper, we study the relationship between the condition f belongs to a class of mappings between Hausdorff spaces 𝕄 and the condition fn
belongs to 𝕄.