bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Evans Dwight L. , Benton Tami D. , Ellison Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the lives of the children affected by bipolar disorder and how it changed for the better. It acknowledges how sheer luck and a parent’s love can make a difference in a child’s life path. Kids with all kinds of mental illness being identified and treated earlier bring hope that they can be helped out of their harmful ruts. Moreover, the pandemic sparked unquestionable damage to the mental health of US children. The chapter tackles progress with policies in improving mental health support. It suggests focusing better on the bigger picture and thinking harder about broader, structural issues that have huge and inequitable impacts on mental health.
Reducing Dyspnea by Optimizing Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Wilhelm Miranda , Arnoldi Jennifer 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and is associated with an inflammatory response to harmful inhaled particles. Medication therapy is available to provide symptomatic control and, in some cases, to decrease the risk of exacerbations. Inhaled pharmacotherapy is the preferred drug delivery route of administration. If they are used appropriately, four inhalation devices (metered-dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, soft mist inhalers and nebulizers) have similar efficacy in patients with COPD. This chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the various inhalation drug delivery devices so that providers can individualize pharmacotherapy.
Treating Dyspnea Through Reducing Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Crader Christine A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion can be a common finding with certain types of cancer, especially lung in men with breast and gynecologic in women. Dyspnea develops as the pleural effusion expands, A pleural effusion causes the sensation of dyspnea due to a flattening or even inversion of the diaphragm on the side of the effusion. This leads to a restrictive defect in ventilation, which leads to a decrease in the lung volume and an increase in the work of breathing. This chapter discuss the presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and symptom management related to patients with malignant pleural effusion. Treatment and interventions can include thoracentesis, pleurodesis, and placement of a tunneled pleural catheter.
Hip Fracture and Regional Anesthesia
Authors: Ochroch Jason B. , Neuman Mark D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hip fractures are a very common injury in the elderly population and carry significant risks of morbidity and mortality. There are a variety of factors that increase someone’s risk of sustaining a hip fracture, so identification of these factors and preoperative prevention is of utmost importance. Expedited surgical repair is the standard of care, although significant questions remain regarding the use of general versus neuraxial anesthesia. Multimodal analgesia, including the use of peripheral nerve blockade, is strongly recommended in both the pre- and postoperative environment. Multiple nerve blocks have been developed to block the complex innervation of the hip joint, including the femoral nerve block and fascia iliaca compartment block.
Epidural Placement and Anticoagulation
Authors: Nilforoshan Maryam , Graff Veena , Grosh Taras 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Rib fractures can result in severe pain that limits respiration and can result in pulmonary complications. Epidural analgesia is the gold standard for treating this pain and avoiding these complications. Epidural analgesia still has extensive applications in controlling different types of pain. Meanwhile, it is not without complications; the development of an epidural hematoma with resultant spinal cord ischemia is one of the serious complications of this technique. Although injury to spinal vasculature during neuraxial analgesia/anesthesia occurs in 3%–12% of cases, the incidence of epidural hematoma is less than 1 in 150,000. This risk is increased by the use of systemic anticoagulants. Encountering patients on anticoagulants who can benefit from neuroaxial analgesia/anesthesia has become everyday practice. The use of anticoagulants is not a contraindication in most the cases. The American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA) has developed guidelines to deal with this problem. These guidelines were updated four times since they were first developed two decades ago. They are based on the medication pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as published reports of developing an epidural hematoma in patients receiving these medications. This chapter reviews these guidelines and alternatives to placing epidural analgesia in case it is contraindicated.
Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm With Epidural Analgesia
Authors: Akerman Michael , Anderson Ariel , Norman Ryan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated, low blood platelet count as a result of heparin administration. The clinical features, including the recovery of platelet count with discontinuation of heparin therapy and recurrent thrombocytopenia with repeat heparin challenge. After reviewing this chapter, the reader will learn about the different types of heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), how to diagnose and manage HIT, how to manage an epidural catheter in patients who develop HIT and are being treated for it. This chapter also reviews some of the medications used as alternative anticoagulation therapy in HIT. In addition, the chapter reviews common practices of how to evaluate patients for candidacy of neuraxial anesthesia and important considerations and management concerns. Finally, this chapter discusses von Willebrand disease and considerations for neuraxial anesthesia with inherited bleeding disorders.
Barriers and Facilitators to Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Groups in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Decker Suzanne E , Matthieu Monica M , Smith Brandy N , Landes Sara J 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a multimodal evidence-based suicide prevention psychotherapy with barriers to full implementation. This study qualitatively examined barriers and facilitators to the DBT skills group treatment mode, which can be implemented as a stand-alone intervention. Using data from a national mixed-methods program evaluation of DBT in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), this is the first article to examine barriers and facilitators to DBT skills groups implemented with a DBT consultation team or as a stand-alone intervention.

Materials and Methods
A subset of data from semi-structured telephone interviews of six clinicians and three administrators (n = 9 respondents) was analyzed to provide complementarity and expansion on prior quantitative findings. The data were coded using an iterative process based on content analysis and a codebook based on the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework. The study was approved by the institutional review board for the Palo Alto VA Health Care System.

Results
Barriers and facilitators were organized by Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services domains of evidence, context, and facilitation. Results showed how reduced leadership support and low receptivity to providing DBT skills groups functioned as barriers and also identified a barrier not described earlier in the literature: the perception that this group could conflict with expanding access to care for more veterans. The results showed how leadership supported implementation, including by mapping clinic grids and supporting training, and also revealed how a supportive culture among providers facilitated division of labor between skills group providers, and how offering a treatment that filled a gap in services supported the group. At some sites, a provider with prior DBT experience was instrumental in starting DBT skills groups or developing ongoing training.

Conclusions
Qualitatively analyzed barriers and facilitators to a group-delivered suicide prevention intervention, DBT skills groups, expanded on quantitative findings on the importance of leadership support, culture, and training as facilitators. Future work implementing DBT skills group as a stand-alone treatment will need to address the barrier of receptivity and perceived barriers about access to care.
Dynamics of release factor recycling during translation termination in bacteria
Authors: Prabhakar Arjun , Pavlov Michael Y , Zhang Jingji , Indrisiunaite Gabriele , Wang Jinfan , Lawson Michael R , Ehrenberg Måns , Puglisi Joseph D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In bacteria, release of newly synthesized proteins from ribosomes during translation termination is catalyzed by class-I release factors (RFs) RF1 or RF2, reading UAA and UAG or UAA and UGA codons, respectively. Class-I RFs are recycled from the post-termination ribosome by a class-II RF, the GTPase RF3, which accelerates ribosome intersubunit rotation and class-I RF dissociation. How conformational states of the ribosome are coupled to the binding and dissociation of the RFs remains unclear and the importance of ribosome-catalyzed guanine nucleotide exchange on RF3 for RF3 recycling in vivo has been disputed. Here, we profile these molecular events using a single-molecule fluorescence assay to clarify the timings of RF3 binding and ribosome intersubunit rotation that trigger class-I RF dissociation, GTP hydrolysis, and RF3 dissociation. These findings in conjunction with quantitative modeling of intracellular termination flows reveal rapid ribosome-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange to be crucial for RF3 action in vivo.
What Are the Effective Components of Group-Based Treatment Programs For Smoking Cessation? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mersha Amanual Getnet , Bryant Jamie , Rahman Tabassum , McGuffog Romany , Maddox Raglan , Kennedy Michelle 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction
There is significant variation in the format and delivery of group-based smoking cessation programs. To guide research and healthcare program implementation, it is important to understand the active components of interventions.

Aims and Methods
This review aimed to (1) identify behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in effective group-based smoking cessation interventions, (2) determine the effectiveness of group-based smoking cessation interventions on smoking cessation at 6-month follow-up, and (3) identify the behavior change techniques (BCTs) related to effective group-based smoking cessation. The following databases were searched in January 2000 and March 2022: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. BCTs used in each study were extracted using the BCT Taxonomy. Studies that included identified BCTs were computed, and meta-analyses were conducted to evaluate smoking cessation at 6-month follow-up.

Results
A total of 28 BCTs were identified from 19 randomized controlled trials. Studies included an average of 5.42 ± 2.0 BCTs. The most frequent BCTs were “information about health consequences” and “problem solving.” The pooled 6-month smoking cessation was higher in the group-based intervention group (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.72, p &lt;.001). Inclusion of the following four BCTs: “Problem solving,” “Information about health Consequences,” “Information about social and environmental consequences,” and “Reward (outcome)” were found to be significantly associated with increased rate of 6-month smoking cessation.

Conclusions
Group-based smoking cessation interventions doubles the rate of smoking cessation at 6-month follow-up. Implementing group-based smoking cessation programs, that incorporate multiple BCTs, is recommended for an effective smoking cessation care.

Implications
Group-based smoking cessation programs improves smoking cessation outcomes in clinical trials. There is a need to incorporate effective individual BCTs techniques to enhance smoking cessation treatment outcomes. A robust evaluation is required to assess the effectiveness of group-based cessation programs in real world settings. There is also a need to consider the differential effectiveness of group-based programs and BCT impacts on populations, for example, indigenous peoples.
Duration–response association between occupational exposure and pancreatic cancer risk: meta-analysis
Authors: Boonhat H , Pratama A P , Lin J-T , Lin R-T 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Evidence is lacking on the occupational exposure time window to chemical agents related to pancreatic cancer risk.

Aims
This study performed meta-regression and meta-analysis to examine the dose–response association between occupational exposure duration to chemical agents and pancreatic cancer risk.

Methods
We searched and reviewed studies on exposure duration and pancreatic cancer in five databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science) from inception to 16 May 2022. Exposure refers to the years a worker was exposed to any chemical agent, and outcome variables were pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality.

Results
We identified 31 studies, including 288 389 participants. In the meta-regression, the positive dose–response association indicated pancreatic cancer risk increased slightly with every additional year of exposure duration (slope = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.02). Pancreatic cancer risk increased with an exposure duration of 1–10 (relative risk [RR] = 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.06), 11–20 (RR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.05–1.16), and 21–30 years (RR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.12–1.73).

Conclusions
Pancreatic cancer risk increased as occupational exposure duration increased, with an exposure time window ranging from 1 to 30 years.
Policing the streets of New York City during the COVID pandemic: With a comparative angle
Authors: Haberfeld Maria (Maki) , Cheloukhine Serguei , Herrmann Christopher , Schneider John 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
New York City, known as ‘the city that never sleeps’, was taken by surprise by the total lockdown, imposed on its residents in March 2020 as a result of the ongoing COVID pandemic. To say that nobody was prepared for this type of extreme lockdown is an understatement. The enforcement of the requirements to wear masks in public and the prohibition of outside gathering was placed on the New York City Police Department (NYPD). The NYPD appeared to be as unprepared for this new monitoring and enforcement role much as any other governmental institution. In addition to the pandemic, a wave of anti-police sentiments swept the USA, including New York City, leaving the NYPD exposed to violent demonstrations and lootings.
Dobbs, American Federalism, and State Abortion Policymaking: Restrictive Policies Alongside Expansion of Reproductive Rights
Authors: Mayer Martin K , Morris John C , Aistrup Joseph A , Anderson R Bruce , Kenter Robert C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The U.S. Supreme Court’s June 2022 decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overturning Roe v. Wade shifted abortion-policy decision-making from the national level to the state level and opened the door for states to individually determine the level of protection for reproductive rights. We examine state actions following Dobbs and discuss the near-term implications of the decision for federalism and state governments. One effect of the Dobbs decision, evident in actions taken by some state legislatures, has been to open a window for states to enact laws imposing greater limits on reproductive options for women. However, another effect of Dobbs has been to create a greater demand for confirming and in some cases expanding reproductive rights, as seen by state constitutional amendments, supreme court decisions, and statutes protecting reproductive rights and safeguarding access to abortion services.
Correction of T-Cell Repertoire and Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice by Non-myeloablative T-Cell Depleted Allogeneic HSCT
Authors: Sidlik Muskatel Rakefet , Nathansohn-Levi Bar , Reich-Zeliger Shlomit , Mark Michal , Stoler-Barak Liat , Rosen Chava , Milman-Krentsis Irit , Bachar Lustig Esther , Pete Gale Robert , Friedman Nir , Reisner Yair 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe induction of partial tolerance toward pancreatic autoantigens in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can be attained by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, most patients treated by autologous HSCT eventually relapse. Furthermore, allogeneic HSCT which could potentially provide a durable non-autoimmune T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is associated with a substantial risk for transplant-related mortality. We have previously demonstrated an effective approach for attaining engraftment without graft versus host disease (GVHD) of allogeneic T-cell depleted HSCT, following non-myeloablative conditioning, using donor-derived anti-3rd party central memory CD8 veto T cells (Tcm). In the present study, we investigated the ability of this relatively safe transplant modality to eliminate autoimmune T-cell clones in the NOD mouse model which spontaneously develop T1DM. Our results demonstrate that using this approach, marked durable chimerism is attained, without any transplant-related mortality, and with a very high rate of diabetes prevention. TCR sequencing of transplanted mice showed profound changes in the T-cell repertoire and decrease in the prevalence of specific autoimmune T-cell clones directed against pancreatic antigens. This approach could be considered as strategy to treat people destined to develop T1DM but with residual beta cell function, or as a platform for prevention of beta cell destruction after transplantation of allogenic beta cells.
Overexpression of ThSCL32 confers salt stress tolerance by enhancing ThPHD3 gene expression in Tamarix hispida
Authors: Lei Xiaojin , Fang Jiaru , Lv JiaXin , Li Zhengyang , Liu Zhongyuan , Wang Yucheng , Wang Chao , Gao Caiqiu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
GRAS transcription factors belong to the plant-specific protein family. They are not only involved in plant growth and development but also in plant responses to a variety of abiotic stresses. However, to date, the SCL32(SCARECROW-like 32) gene conferring the desired resistance to salt stresses has not been reported in plants. Here, ThSCL32, a homologous gene of ArabidopsisthalianaAtSCL32, was identified. ThSCL32 was highly induced by salt stress in Tamarix hispida. ThSCL32 overexpression in T. hispida gave rise to improved salt tolerance. ThSCL32-silenced T. hispida plants were more sensitive to salt stress. RNA-seq analysis of transient transgenic T. hispida overexpressing ThSCL32 revealed significantly enhanced ThPHD3 (prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain 3 protein) gene expression. ChIP-PCR further verified that ThSCL32 probably binds to the novel cis-element SBS (ACGTTG) in the promoter of ThPHD3 to activate its expression. In brief, our results suggest that the ThSCL32 transcription factor is involved in salt tolerance in T. hispida by enhancing ThPHD3 expression.
A single-center experience of early administration of tocilizumab and corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Milošević Ivana , Barać Aleksandra , Jovanović Jaroslava , Vujović Ankica , Stevanović Goran , Todorović Nevena , Milošević Branko 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
We investigated the therapeutic response of tocilizumab (TCZ) therapy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Methods
This observational retrospective study included 205 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia with SpO2˂93% and a markedly increased level of at least two biomarkers of inflammation. The TCZ was given in combination with corticosteroids. Clinical and laboratory results were analyzed and compared before TCZ therapy and 7 d after.

Results
The mean value of C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly lower (p=0.001) on the seventh day after administration of TCZ compared with before (10.7 and 173.6 mg/L, respectively). Only in 9/205 (4.3%) patients, the CRP level did not decrease during the week-long period, and this was related to disease progression. The mean level of interleukin-6 before TCZ administration was 88±113 pg/mL, while after it was 32.7±21.7 pg/mL (p=0.01). After 7 d of TCZ therapy, almost 50% of patients who needed high-flow oxygen or ventilation support started to receive low-flow oxygen, while 73/205 (35.6%) patients who received low-flow oxygen before TCZ administration did not receive further oxygen support anymore (p=0.001). Although they received TCZ treatment, 38/205 (18.5%) severely sick patients died.

Conclusions
Tocilizumab improves clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. These advantages were evident independent of the patient's comorbidities and were in addition to the advantages of systemic corticosteroids. In COVID-19 patients at risk of cytokine storms, TCZ appears to be an effective therapy choice.
Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty With Gluteus Medius Repair: A Novel Technique
Authors: Schwarzman Garrett R. , Vesperman Reece I. , Mai Matthew C. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Proper function of the gluteus medius muscle is crucial to performance and outcomes following total hip arthroplasty. Gluteus medius tears are reported in up to 20% of patients undergoing hip replacements. The combination of increasing notoriety for the direct anterior approach and the potential for improved patient outcomes necessitates a technique to address gluteus medius tears in conjunction with total hip arthroplasty. Therefore, we present the following novel technique for transtendinous gluteus medius repair in conjunction with a direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty.

Technique:
The patient is placed supine with the operative leg in slight external rotation. An incision is made to the fascia overlying the tensor fascia latae. Blunt dissection is performed to the tensor fascia latae-sartorius interval. The deep rectus fascia is split, identifying the anterior capsule. Arthroplasty is then performed in the usual manner. Once the arthroplasty is completed, the hip capsule is closed, and the gluteus medius is exposed through an anterolateral approach. Once found, the tear is classified. A split in line with the tendon fibers is made in the mid aspect of the tear. Once visualized, the greater trochanter is decorticated, and suture anchors are placed. Sutures are passed and tied sequentially from distal to proximal.

Expected Outcomes:
Gluteus medius repair patients experience excellent outcomes, with multiple studies showing decreased pain and restoration in the strength of the abductor complex. In the setting of total hip arthroplasty, most patients display adequate abductor strength and no Trendelenburg gait at 5 years postoperative.