bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple social benefits drive the formation of mixed-species groups of Australian humpback and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Syme Jonathan , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Parra Guido J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Mixed-species groups are common amongst diverse taxa including fishes, birds, and mammals. Antipredator, foraging, and social benefits have been proposed as functional explanations for mixed-species group formation. Amongst delphinids, mixed-species groups are widespread, but little is known about their function. To investigate the potential benefits of delphinid mixed-species groups, we compared the number of individuals, the age composition, and the behaviour of single- and mixed-species sightings of Australian humpback (Sousa sahulensis) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) observed around the North West Cape, Western Australia. We found no difference in the number of individuals or the age composition of humpback dolphins present in single- and mixed-species sightings, whereas bottlenose dolphins were present in larger numbers in single-species sightings than in mixed-species sightings due to a higher number of adults. Socialising was the initial observed behavioural state of 36.1% of mixed-species sightings, compared to only 5.1% and 10.3% of humpback and bottlenose dolphin single-species sightings, respectively. Furthermore, both species travelled and foraged less frequently when in mixed-species groups. Of 93 mixed-species groups observed during a focal follow of ≥ 10 min, 32 (34.4%) involved aggressive and/or sexual behaviours typically initiated by bottlenose dolphins towards humpback dolphins while the remaining 61 (65.6%) involved only neutral and affiliative behaviours. The results of this study suggest that the observed mixed-species groups provide multiple social benefits, particularly those pertaining to socio-sexual behaviours and the development and care of young.

Significance statement
Numerous species of dolphin are known to form mixed-species groups. Few studies have, however, investigated the antipredator, foraging, and/or social benefits that these species may gain by grouping with other species. Investigating these benefits is key to understanding the impacts of mixed-species groups on the species and individuals involved. We evaluated the potential functions of mixed-species groups of two sympatric, inshore dolphin species — the Australian humpback dolphin and the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin. We found that both species engage in socialising behaviour more frequently when in mixed-species groups and that they engage in a diverse variety of interspecific behavioural interactions. Our results not only indicate that social benefits are the key drivers of these mixed-species groups, but they also highlight the complexity of social interactions between dolphin species.
Aging-related volume changes in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid using artificial intelligence-automated segmentation
Authors: Yamada Shigeki , Otani Tomohiro , Ii Satoshi , Kawano Hiroto , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Wada Shigeo , Oshima Marie , Watanabe Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To verify the reliability of the volumes automatically segmented using a new artificial intelligence (AI)-based application and evaluate changes in the brain and CSF volume with healthy aging.

Methods
The intracranial spaces were automatically segmented in the 21 brain subregions and 5 CSF subregions using the AI-based application on the 3D T1-weighted images in healthy volunteers aged > 20 years. Additionally, the automatically segmented volumes of the total ventricles and subarachnoid spaces were compared with the manually segmented volumes of those extracted from 3D T2-weighted images using the intra-class correlation and Bland–Altman analysis.

Results
In this study, 133 healthy volunteers aged 21–92 years were included. The mean intra-class correlations between the automatically and manually segmented volumes of the total ventricles and subarachnoid spaces were 0.986 and 0.882, respectively. The increase in the CSF volume was estimated to be approximately 30 mL (2%) per decade from 265 mL (18.7%) in the 20s to 488 mL (33.7%) in ages above 80 years; however, the increase in the volume of total ventricles was approximately 20 mL (< 2%) until the 60s and increased in ages above 60 years.

Conclusions
This study confirmed the reliability of the CSF volumes using the AI-based auto-segmentation application. The intracranial CSF volume increased linearly because of the brain volume reduction with aging; however, the ventricular volume did not change until the age of 60 years and above and then gradually increased. This finding could help elucidate the pathogenesis of chronic hydrocephalus in adults.

Key Points
• The brain and CSF spaces were automatically segmented using an artificial intelligence-based application.
• The total subarachnoid spaces increased linearly with aging, whereas the total ventricle volume was around 20 mL (< 2%) until the 60s and increased in ages above 60 years.
• The cortical gray matter gradually decreases with aging, whereas the subcortical gray matter maintains its volume, and the cerebral white matter increases slightly until the 40s and begins to decrease from the 50s.
The rete mirabile: a possible control site for swimbladder function
Authors: Pelster Bernd 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn a recent study, a large number of transport proteins was detected in the transcriptome and proteome of saline perfused rete mirabile tissue of the European eel. In this study, the data set was reanalyzed for the presence of receptor proteins and proteins involved in intracellular signaling pathways. A large number of expressed receptor proteins and proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction was detected. Several G-protein-coupled receptor signal pathways were significantly enriched in their expression level, in particular receptors and signaling pathways involved in the control of blood flow. The enriched signaling pathways also include pathways involved in trafficking of crucial transport proteins like, monocarboxylate transporters, V-ATPase, and aquaporin. The data, therefore, suggest that the rete mirabile has the capacity to control swimbladder function by regulating blood flow and by modifying countercurrent multiplication.
Near-boundary error reduction with an optimized weighted Dirichlet–Neumann boundary condition for stochastic PDE-based Gaussian random field generators
Authors: Ricketts Evan John , Cleall Peter John , Jefferson Tony , Kerfriden Pierre , Lyons Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRandom field generation through the solution of stochastic partial differential equations is a computationally inexpensive method of introducing spatial variability into numerical analyses. This is particularly important in systems where material heterogeneity has influence over the response to certain stimuli. Whilst it is a convenient method, spurious values arise in the near boundary of the domain due to the non-exact nature of the specific boundary condition applied. This change in the correlation structure can amplify or dampen the system response in the near-boundary region depending on the chosen boundary condition, and can lead to inconsistencies in the overall behaviour of the system. In this study, a weighted Dirichlet–Neumann boundary condition is proposed as a way of controlling the resulting structure in the near-boundary region. The condition relies on a weighting parameter which scales the application to have a more dominant Dirichlet or Neumann component, giving a closer approximation to the true correlation structure of the Matérn autocorrelation function on which the formulation is based on. Two weighting coefficients are proposed and optimal values of the weighting parameter are provided. Through parametric investigation, the weighted Dirichlet–Neumann approach is shown to yield more consistent correlation structures than the common boundary conditions applied in the current literature. We also propose a relationship between the weighting parameter and the desired length-scale parameter of the field such that the optimal value can be chosen for a given problem.
Road scenes segmentation across different domains by disentangling latent representations
Authors: Barbato Francesco , Michieli Umberto , Toldo Marco , Zanuttigh Pietro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeep learning models obtain impressive accuracy in road scene understanding; however, they need a large number of labeled samples for their training. Additionally, such models do not generalize well to environments where the statistical properties of data do not perfectly match those of training scenes, and this can be a significant problem for intelligent vehicles. Hence, domain adaptation approaches have been introduced to transfer knowledge acquired on a label-abundant source domain to a related label-scarce target domain. In this work, we design and carefully analyze multiple latent space-shaping regularization strategies that work together to reduce the domain shift. More in detail, we devise a feature clustering strategy to increase domain alignment, a feature perpendicularity constraint to space apart features belonging to different semantic classes, including those not present in the current batch, and a feature norm alignment strategy to separate active and inactive channels. In addition, we propose a novel evaluation metric to capture the relative performance of an adapted model with respect to supervised training. We validate our framework in driving scenarios, considering both synthetic-to-real and real-to-real adaptation, outperforming previous feature-level state-of-the-art methods on multiple road scenes benchmarks.
Dynamic and thermodynamic processes related to precipitation diurnal cycle simulated by GRIST
Authors: Zhou Yihui , Yu Rucong , Zhang Yi , Li Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMost state-of-the-art general circulation models cannot well simulate the diurnal cycle of precipitation, especially the nocturnal rainfall peak over land. This study assesses the diurnal cycle of precipitation simulated using the Global-to-Regional Integrated forecast SysTem (GRIST) in its numerical weather prediction (NWP) configuration at resolutions typical of current global climate models. In the refinement region, the variable-resolution model well distinguishes the distinct features of diurnal cycle. No apparent artificial features are observed in the transition zone of the variable-resolution mesh. The model also exhibits a similar diurnal cycle pattern to the observation in the coarse-resolution region. We further investigate the model behaviors of dynamics–physics interaction by analyzing hourly dynamical and thermodynamical diagnostics. Composite analysis based on rainfall peak time is applied to examine the model capability in distinguishing different precipitation processes of daytime and nighttime peaks. Over East Asia, the model well reproduces both the nocturnal-to-early-morning and the afternoon rainfall peaks. The model simulates the dominant contribution of large-scale upward moisture advection to the formation of stratiform-like rainfall peaks, and produces daytime surface-heating induced rainfall. Refinement of the resolution substantially increases the composited nighttime precipitation intensity but has little impact on the composite percentage. The model captures the realistic dynamical and thermodynamical conditions for the occurrence of nocturnal rainfall. These results demonstrate that the variable-resolution model is able to reproduce the diurnal cycle of climatological summer rainfall through realistic precipitation processes.
Uncertain role of clouds in shaping summertime atmosphere-sea ice connections in reanalyses and CMIP6 models
Authors: Luo Rui , Ding Qinghua , Baxter Ian , Chen Xianyao , Wu Zhiwei , Bushuk Mitchell , Wang Hailong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDownwelling longwave radiation (DLR) driven by the atmospheric and cloud conditions in the troposphere is suggested to be a dominant factor to determine the summertime net surface energy budget over the Arctic Ocean and thus plays a key role to shape the September sea ice. We use reanalyses and the self-organizing map (SOM) method to distinguish CMIP6 model performance in replicating the observed strong atmosphere-DLR connection. We find all models can reasonably simulate the linkage between key atmosphere variables and the clear sky DLR but behave differently in replicating the atmosphere-DLR connection due to cloud forcing. In ERA5 and strongly coupled models, tropospheric high pressure is associated with decreased clouds in the mid- and high-levels and increased clouds near the surface. This out-of-phase structure indicates that DLR cloud forcing is nearly neutral, making the clear sky DLR more important to bridge JJA circulation to late-summer sea ice. In MERRA-2 and weakly coupled models, tropospheric clouds display a vertically homogeneous reduction; the cloud DLR is thus strongly reduced due to the cooling effect, which partially cancels out the clear sky DLR and makes the total DLR less efficient to translate circulation forcing to sea ice. The differences of cloud vertical distribution in CMIP6 appear to be differentiated by circulation related relative humidity. Therefore, a better understanding of the discrepancy of different reanalyses and remote sensing products is critical to comprehensively evaluate simulated interactions among circulation, clouds, sea ice and energy budget at the surface in summer.
Effects of intake of four types of snack with different timings on postprandial glucose levels after dinner
Authors: Masutomi Hirofumi , Mineshita Yui , Ishihara Katsuyuki , Hirao Kazuko , Shibata Shigenobu , Furutani Akiko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeIt has been reported that the consumption of fruit granola (FG), mulberry leaves, and barley cookies as an afternoon snack suppresses the postprandial increase in glucose levels at dinner. However, there have been no reports on the second-meal effect of snacking on popular snacks, such as potato chips (PC), roasted sweet potato (SP), and black beans (BB), or on the interval between snacking and dinner.MethodThe present study was an open-label randomized crossover trial of five study groups (PC, SP, BB, FG, and no snack) regarding the second-meal effects with different intervals between snacks and dinner. The subjects consumed prescribed meals for lunch and dinner at 12:00 and 19:00, and a snack fixed at 838 kJ (= 200 kcal) at 15:00 or 17:00.ResultsWhen the participants snacked at 15:00, the postprandial glucose elevation at dinner was suppressed in the FG and SP groups, and the area under the curve (AUC) was also low. When they snacked at 17:00, the postprandial glucose elevation was suppressed in all the groups. The AUCs for PC, FG, and SP were lower than those for no snacking. On the other hand, carbohydrate intake increased with snacking, but the total AUC of snacks and dinner did not differ in any of the groups. The duration of hyperglycemia decreased with snack intake, as did the glucose amplitude.ConclusionWe believe that the intake of carbohydrates and soluble fiber in snacks is an important factor in the second-meal effect at dinner. These results will contribute to the development of snacking and research into the second-meal effect.
Steroids for the treatment of viral encephalitis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hodzic Emira , Hasbun Rodrigo , Granillo Alejandro , Tröscher Anna R. , Wagner Helga , von Oertzen Tim J. , Wagner Judith N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Specific antiviral treatment is only available for a small subset of viral encephalitis (VE). Adjunctive steroids are used, but there is scant evidence evaluating its utility. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis on the outcome of steroid use in VE.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review and reported it according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Two observational studies from unpublished or partially published data were added. For the meta-analysis, we employed the metaphor package of the statistical software R-4.3.1.

Results
We screened 378 studies and included 50. 155 patients were added from the Houston and Linz cohorts. Individual data were available for 281 persons, 120 (43%) of whom received steroids. The most common pathogens were herpes simplex virus 1, West Nile virus, and measles. Study designs and patient outcomes were heterogeneous. Only three of the trials report an advantage of steroid therapy. Steroid-induced side effects were scarce. Ten cohorts were included into the meta-analysis. For the pooled data, the null hypothesis could not be rejected (p = 0.245) using a random effects model, i.e., a benefit of steroid treatment on survival in VE could not be shown.

Conclusions
Steroids as potent anti-inflammatory agents may act through a reduction of secondary inflammation-mediated damage. Our data do not support the use of steroids in VE. However, multiple shortcomings apply. Standardized controlled trials are needed to investigate optimal dosing and timing of steroid administration and to explore potential subgroups that could benefit.
Anxiety in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing primary surgery
Authors: Harms Jens , Kunzmann Benedikt , Bredereke Jan , Harms Lea , Jungbluth Thomas , Zimmermann Tanja 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Anxiety in the perioperative period is not only an unpleasant emotional state, but can also negatively affect the outcomes and quality of life of surgical patients. The present study investigated anxiety in patients with gastrointestinal cancer scheduled for primary surgery.

Methods
A total of 101 patients in four non-university surgical departments were included. Anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), distress (Distress thermometer), and illness perception (Brief IPQ) were assessed at four time points: first outpatient contact before surgery (t1), preoperative inpatient contact (t2), postoperative inpatient contact before hospital discharge (t3), and postoperative outpatient follow-up contact after 30 days (t4).

Results
56% of patients had an episode of mild or moderate anxiety and 5% had an episode of severe anxiety and/or depression. Subjectively perceived anxiety and depression were highest at t1, followed by t3. 30% of patients had elevated anxiety and depression scores at t1. Regression analyses showed that high subjectively perceived mental distress at t1 was associated with higher anxiety scores at t3 and t4. Women, and younger women in particular, were significantly more likely to experience stress than men. Higher levels of subjectively perceived stress at t1 were associated with higher levels of anxiety at t3 and t4. Sociodemographic factors were not relevant predictors of anxiety.

Conclusion
Anxiety and depression appear to be a persistent problem during the perioperative course in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Identifying patients at risk for clinically relevant anxiety and depression remains a particular challenge. The results confirm the relevance of repeated screening for mental distress.
SOAT1 missense variant in two cats with sebaceous gland dysplasia
Authors: Kiener Sarah , McMahill Barbara G. , Affolter Verena K. , Welle Monika , Yager Julie A. , Jagannathan Vidhya , Leeb Tosso 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpontaneously arisen hereditary diseases in domestic animals provide an excellent opportunity to study the physiological functions of the altered genes. We investigated two 4-month-old sibling domestic short haired kittens with dry dark debris around the eyes, nose, and ears, dark crusting on the legs and a thin poor hair coat. Skin biopsies revealed abnormal sebaceous gland morphology with lack of normal sebocyte arrangement and differentiation. Hair follicles had a distorted silhouette, interpreted as a change secondary to the observed sebaceous gland dysplasia. Whole genome sequencing on both affected kittens and 65 genetically diverse feline genomes was performed. Filtering for variants that were present in both kittens but absent from the control genomes revealed a homozygous missense variant in SOAT1, encoding sterol O-acyltransferase 1. The protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes the formation of cholesteryl esters, an essential component of sebum and meibum. The identified SOAT1:c.1531G > A variant is predicted to change a highly conserved glycine residue within the last transmembrane domain of SOAT1, p.Gly511Arg. In mice, variants in Soat1 or complete knockout of the gene lead to the “hair interior defect” (hid) or abnormal Meibomian glands, respectively. SOAT1:c.1531G > A represents a plausible candidate variant for the observed sebaceous gland dysplasia in both kittens of this study. The variant was not present in 10 additional cats with a similar clinical and histopathological phenotype suggesting genetic heterogeneity. SOAT1 variants should be considered as potential cause in hereditary sebaceous gland dysplasias of humans and domestic animals.
Repeated seismic swarms near Paricutin volcano: precursors to the birth of a new monogenetic volcano in the Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field, México?
Authors: Legrand D. , Perton M. , Macías J. L. , Siebe C. , Pacheco J. , Chacón F. , Lermo J. , Quintanar L. , Cisneros G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe birth of a new monogenetic volcano is difficult to forecast with precision, both in space and time. Nevertheless, seismic activity can alert of the imminence of such an eruption because it usually occurs as small-magnitude earthquake swarms that can last for a few weeks to months prior to an eruption. These swarms are usually related to magma that becomes stalled in the Earth’s crust for variable periods of time before its eventual eruption at the surface. For several reasons, volcanic seismic swarms have rarely been recorded with seismometers before the birth of a new monogenetic volcano. Over the past 25 years, six distinct seismic swarms (in 1997, 1999, 2000, 2006, 2020, and 2021) were detected between Tancítaro and Paricutin volcanoes, in the southwestern part of México’s Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field. They are believed to represent repeated attempts of magma to reach the surface hinting that in this region magma might become stalled for some time, so as to not reach the surface in a single ascent event from its source in the mantle. To better understand the magma’s migration path through the crust, we re-located with greater precision some of these seismic swarms by using the same methodology and velocity model to the entire data set. Our results show that these swarms originated within a small area beneath the NE flank of Tancítaro at depths of between 15 and 8 km below sea level (bsl). Apparently, magma is trying to reach the surface within the same conduit network at these crustal depths, but stalls when reaching a depth of ~ 8 km bsl. It is crucial to study these swarms because they might be precursors to a new eruption in this part of the Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field. This monogenetic field has been very active, producing several dozen eruptions during the Holocene, the last two Jorullo (1759–1774) and Paricutin (1943–1952). Furthermore, the Tancítaro area displays one of the highest densities of Holocene volcanoes within the entire field, making it a probable candidate location for the birth of a future monogenetic volcano. For these reasons, a permanent seismic network should be installed as soon as possible.