bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Processing Algorithms in the Steel-Teeming Ladles Tracking System in Steelmaking
Authors: Trofimenko Y. M. , Ershov E. V. , Varfolomeev I. A. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of research. The purpose of research is to increase the efficiency of control over the movement of steel ladles in steelmaking, through the development of mathematical and software.Methods. The control of the movement of steel-pouring ladles can be divided into 2 parts: the first is the object detection in the image from a camera located on a certain section of the route, followed by determining the position of the object in the frame, and the second part is identification based on an array of data from different systems. Methods used in research are: mathematical modeling, neural networks, the basics of the theory of algorithms construction, as well as software and hardware of modern computer technologies. The article describes a model for the routes generation for the movement of steel ladles, on the basis of which the control of the movement of steel ladles is carried out. Algorithmic support is a combination of such algorithms as: an algorithm for generating possible routes for moving steel ladles, an algorithm for determining the position of a steel ladle on a route for moving steel ladles, an algorithm for identifying a steel ladle and a generalized algorithm for processing information. The structuralfunctional organization of the tracking system for steel-pouring ladles in steel-smelting production is given.Results. Experimental verification of algorithmic support was carried out on a test data set, which was formed from real technological data. Adaptation and tuning of the algorithms and software will make it possible to apply this software system in steelmaking plants with a different composition of plant units.Conclusion. Control over the movement of steel ladles allows build the process so that the movement of liquid steel will cause minimal heat loss. The need to heat steel in secondary processing units is correlates with energy costs. Thus, reducing heat loss and downtime of steel ladles will reduce energy costs for the entire process.
Algorithm for Controlling the Movement of the Actuator of the Device for Active-Passive Mechanotherapy of the Ankle Join
Authors: Knyazev A. A. , Fedorov A. V. , Yatsun A. S. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of research. The article is devoted to the development of an algorithm for controlling the movement of a controlled mobile platform of a passive mechanotherapy ankle joint apparatus. One of the most common injuries sustained by humans is damage to the ankle joint in sports, domestic, industrial exercises, and as a result of car accidents. Falls from heights with a landing on the feet, including parachute jumps, also often result in ankle injuries. In order to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation, mechanotherapy is usually used. The relevance of the topic is related to the high efficiency of robotic rehabilitation devices, which, thanks to back-linking and electrically controlled actuators, can perform lower limb movements in an optimal way.Methods. The structural diagram of the device control system has been developed. The proposed algorithm uses the strategy of paralleling control actions with the use of corrective and reference controls to calculate control voltages. Presence of force-moment feeling system enables to estimate change of reaction value in time and timely fix the moment of spastic effects appearance, muscle contracture and automatically make changes in foot movement laws in order to exclude patient's traumatisation and pain syndrome elimination.Results. A methodology for constructing the desired dependence of foot rotation angles on time in the sagittal and frontal planes is proposed. We have developed an operating algorithm for the laws of motion and decision-making block, an algorithm for generating control voltages from the reference model, an operating algorithm for the voltage correction block, and an operating algorithm for the reference model correction block. As a result of virtual tests on the mathematical model of the device, we obtained the basic patterns of motion of the actuator in the form of dependences of the rotation angle of the platform from the time.Conclusion. The results of testing the device show that controlling the movement of the actuator for active-passive mechanotherapy of the ankle joint using the algorithms described in the article is reasonable.
Causes´ Analysis of Cracks During Welding of High-Pressure Vessel Body Made of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Ryumshin V. Y. , Chevychelov S. A. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of reseach is to identify the causes of cracks during welding of high-pressure vessel body made of titanium alloy.Methods. Features of welded joint microstructure of high-pressure vessel body made of titanium alloy are described and studied by color flaw detection methods, fluoroscopy, and examination of the cuts. The causes of cracks in the bodies of pressure vessels are identified. The causes are a combination of internal stresses and structures features.Results. Based on the analysis of cut samples microstructure, it follows that the stamping of the power element was supplied without preliminary heat treatment. The formation of crack foci on the inner surface of the power element, at the place of alloy transition to the area of the attachment site, is primarily associated with large volumetric internal stresses, which are additionally summed up with surface stresses from machining and thermal stresses during welding. Based on the obtained data, it follows that when using a specialized tooling with a copper backing that provides pressurization of inert gas, welding stresses in a weld area are reduced by several orders of magnitude compared to the area where the tooling was without copper backing. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the causes of cracks in the bodies of high-pressure vessels are a combination of internal stresses due to the lack of preliminary thermal treatment of power elements made of titanium alloy, which are part of a high-pressure vessel, as well as stresses arising during welding of the power element with shells, considering design features.Conclusion. To eliminate the cause of cracks, additional experimental work was carried out. Surfacing the manual ADF of reinforcing roller into the zone of maximum stresses of the power element was done. The proposed solution met expectations - all the bodies of high-pressure vessels passed hydraulic tests, which made it possible to preserve material part.
Defining the Digital Measurement of Scratching During Sleep or Nocturnal Scratching: Review of the Literature
Authors: Ke Wang Will , Cesnakova Lucia , Goldsack Jennifer C , Dunn Jessilyn 
Published: March 2023

Background
Digital sensing solutions represent a convenient, objective, relatively inexpensive method that could be leveraged for assessing symptoms of various health conditions. Recent progress in the capabilities of digital sensing products has targeted the measurement of scratching during sleep, traditionally referred to as nocturnal scratching, in patients with atopic dermatitis or other skin conditions. Many solutions measuring nocturnal scratch have been developed; however, a lack of efforts toward standardization of the measure’s definition and contextualization of scratching during sleep hampers the ability to compare different technologies for this purpose.

Objective
We aimed to address this gap and bring forth unified measurement definitions for nocturnal scratch.

Methods
We performed a narrative literature review of definitions of scratching in patients with skin inflammation and a targeted literature review of sleep in the context of the period during which such scratching occurred. Both searches were limited to English language studies in humans. The extracted data were synthesized into themes based on study characteristics: scratch as a behavior, other characterization of the scratching movement, and measurement parameters for both scratch and sleep. We then developed ontologies for the digital measurement of sleep scratching.

Results
In all, 29 studies defined inflammation-related scratching between 1996 and 2021. When cross-referenced with the results of search terms describing the sleep period, only 2 of these scratch-related papers also described sleep-related variables. From these search results, we developed an evidence-based and patient-centric definition of nocturnal scratch: an action of rhythmic and repetitive skin contact movement performed during a delimited time period of intended and actual sleep that is not restricted to any specific time of the day or night. Based on the measurement properties identified in the searches, we developed ontologies of relevant concepts that can be used as a starting point to develop standardized outcome measures of scratching during sleep in patients with inflammatory skin conditions.

Conclusions
This work is intended to serve as a foundation for the future development of unified and well-described digital health technologies measuring nocturnal scratching and should enable better communication and sharing of results between various stakeholders taking part in research in atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin conditions.
DIRECT TESTING OF FORSTERITE BICRYSTALS VIA in-situ MICROPILLAR EXPERIMENTS AT 700 • C
Authors: Avadanii Diana , Hansen Lars , Darnbrough Ed , Marquardt Katharina , Armstrong David , Wilkinson Angus 
Published: March 2023

The mechanics of olivine deformation play a key role in long-term
planetary processes, including the response of the lithosphere to
tectonic loading or the response of the solid Earth to tidal forces,
and in short-term processes, such as post-seismic creep within the upper
mantle. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of grain-size
effects in the deformation of olivine. Most of our understanding of the
role of grain boundaries in the deformation of olivine is inferred from
comparison of experiments on single crystals to experiments on
polycrystalline samples, as there are no direct studies of the
mechanical properties of individual grain boundaries in olivine. In this
study, we use high-precision mechanical testing of synthetic forsterite
bicrystals with well characterized interfaces to directly observe and
quantify the mechanical properties of olivine grain boundaries. We
conduct in-situ micropillar compression tests at high-temperature (700•
C) on bicrystals containing low-angle (4• tilt about [100] on (014))
and high-angle (60• tilt about [100] on (011)) boundaries. During
the in-situ tests, we observe differences in deformation style between
the pillars containing the grain boundary and the pillars in the
crystal interior. In the pillars containing the grain boundary, the
interface is oriented at ∼ 45• to the loading direction to promote
shear. In-situ observations and analysis of the mechanical data
indicate that pillars containing the grain boundary consistently
support elastic loading to higher stresses than the pillars without a
grain boundary. Moreover, the pillars without the grain boundary
sustain larger plastic strain. Post-deformation microstructural
characterization confirms that under the conditions of these deformation
experiments, sliding did not occur along the grain boundary. These
observations support the hypothesis that grain boundaries are stronger
relative to the crystal interior at these conditions.
Identifying the most (cost-)efficient regions for CO2 removal with Iron Fertilization in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Bach Lennart Thomas , Tamsitt Veronica M , Baldry Kimberlee , McGee Jeffrey , Laurenceau-Cornec Emmanuel C. , Robert Strzepek , Xie Yinghuan , Philip Boyd 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF) aims to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from
the atmosphere by stimulating phytoplankton carbon-fixation and
subsequent deep ocean carbon sequestration in iron-limited oceanic
regions. Transdisciplinary assessments of OIF have revealed overwhelming
challenges around the detection and verification of carbon sequestration
and wide-ranging environmental side-effects, thereby dampening
enthusiasm for OIF. Here, we utilize 5 requirements that strongly
influence whether OIF can lead to atmospheric CO2 removal (CDR): The
requirement (1) to use preformed nutrients from the lower overturning
circulation cell; (2) for prevailing Fe-limitation; (3) for sufficient
underwater light for photosynthesis; (4) for efficient carbon
sequestration; (5) for sufficient air-sea CO2 transfer. We
systematically evaluate these requirements using observational,
experimental, and numerical data to generate circumpolar maps of OIF
(cost-)efficiency south of 60°S. Results suggest that (cost-)efficient
CDR is restricted to locations on the Antarctic Shelf. Here, CDR costs
can be <100 US$/tonne CO2 while they are mainly
>>1000 US$/tonne CO2 in offshore regions of
the Southern Ocean, where mesoscale OIF experiments have previously been
conducted. However, sensitivity analyses underscore that
(cost-)efficiency is in all cases associated with large variability and
are thus difficult to predict, which reflects our insufficient
understanding of the relevant biogeochemical and physical processes.
While OIF implementation on Antarctic shelves appears most
(cost-)efficient, it raises legal questions because regions close to
Antarctica fall under 3 overlapping layers of international law.
Furthermore, the constraints set by efficiency and costs reduce the area
suitable for OIF, thereby likely reducing its maximum CDR potential.
Development of Device for Pressure Control System in a Freezer of Pressed-Plate Type
Authors: Muttalib Surya Abdul , Bintoro Nursigit , Karyadi Joko Nugroho Wahyu , Saputro Arifin Dwi 
Published: March 2023

The process of freezing foodstuffs can be done by using a cold metal plate that is in contact with the frozen material (contact plate freezing). The magnitude of contact Force Compressive applied needs to be controlled so as not to damage the frozen material. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the performance of a Force Compression control system on a contact plate freezer. The Force Compression control system was composed of a load cell mounted on a Force Compression device, connected to a set of controllers consisting of an HX711 module, ATM Mega Arduino and a computer using the Borland Delphi 7 language. The results showed that the developed system was able to control the compression process of the equipment by turning off voltage input of the motor when the specified setting point has been reached. The results of Force Compression values when the motor in off position for the setting points of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 kg.m/s2 were 58.25, 110.25, 162.67, 213.83, 264.55, and 317.61 kg.m/s2, respectively. There was a difference that gradually increased with increasing setting point value, where the real Force Compression values when the motor off were higher than the setting point values. The relationship between real Force Compression and setting point Force Compression could be given in the form of a linear regression equation y = 1.06897x + 6.14667 with a value of R2 = 0.99, RMSE 1,53 and MAPE 11,75 %. Keywords: Arduino, Control system, Force Compression, Force Compression plate, Setting point
Spatial Modeling of Vegetation Cover for Soil Erosion Control Based on Arc GIS and the RUSLE Models
Authors: Harliando Dimas Prabowo , Setyawan Chandra , Mawandha Hanggar Ganara 
Published: March 2023

Deforestation in the Serayu watershed, Central Java province, Indonesia for agriculture and other uses leaves only 0.73% of vegetation. It has triggered a number of problems such as soil loss (erosion), landslides, floods and sedimentation downstream. Environmental damage control needs to be applied through appropriate conservation programs. This study aims to understand the distribution of soil erosion and the effectiveness of soil erosion control by using vegetation cover. Soil erosion modeling and its correlation to vegetation cover was performed by using an Arc GIS based model of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) through five scenarios of vegetation landscape cover such as 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the total area of the study site. Five parameters namely rain erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope-length (LS) and crop management (C) and conservation practices (P) factor were used to calculate soil erosion. The results indicated 82.25 tons/ha/year soil erosion reduction due to enhancement of vegetation cover from the actual condition 0.73% to the 30% vegetation cover condition. The increase of 5% vegetation landscape cover (forest) detracted the soil erosion rate by 10,20 tons /ha/year. Very high and high soil erosion hazard levels were found in the northern, east, and west watershed areasKeywords: Soil erosion, RUSLE model, GIS, Serayu watershed, Vegetation cover
Design and Simulation of Chassis for Electric Cultivator
Authors: Santoso Dwi , Waris Abdul , Egra Saat 
Published: March 2023

Building or designing an electric cultivator requires a comprehensive study by paying attention to each main component, namely the chassis. The chassis serves as a place to attach the constituent components and holds the weight of the overall components contained in the tool. A good machine frame will increase the workability of the machine because the components that make up the cultivator are in the right layout. A good chassis design is needed to improve the performance of the electric cultivator. This study aims to design and simulate the strength analysis of the electric cultivator frame. This research consists of several stages, namely literature review, frame design, chassis strength simulation and chassis cultivator capability analysis. From the results of the analysis concluded that technically this tool is classified as safe with a loading condition of 18 kg and a support on its axis. However, it is still recommended that before production, the tool design must be re-optimized. Especially at the joints of the upper and lower frames near the pillow block. This is because this cross section is a critical area because it has a large equivalent stress value, has a small life cycle, and has a low safety factor. Keywords: Design, Electric cultivator, Simulation
Life Cycle Assessment of Organic Arabica Coffee Products
Authors: Novita Elida , Irfani Mukhamad Edrin 
Published: March 2023

Upstream to downstream activities of organic Arabica coffee in Klungkung Village can cause environmental pollution and have the potential to be a contributor to increased greenhouse gases (GHG) and inefficient use of energy. On the upstream side, Arabica coffee cultivation activities use organic fertilizers, but the type and dosage of organic fertilizers are without proper knowledge. On the downstream side, it uses various technologies and produces various wastes that are not yet environmentally friendly. This study aims to determine how much the impact of processing organic Arabica coffee products on the environment can be reduced so that the product can be said to be feasible as an environmentally friendly product. The method used is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) which has stages, goals and scope, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation. Processing organic Arabica coffee products produces a GWP of 18.0589 kg CO2-eq, and the energy use efficiency shows a NER value of 0.03 and a NEV of -33.12. The recommended alternative improvements are making all solid waste into organic fertilizer and anaerobic handling of liquid waste to produce biogas which can be used as an alternative fuel to replace LPG in the roasting process. If the alternative recommendations for improvement are implemented, it can reduce the GWP value to 6.3514 kg CO2-eq and increase the efficiency of energy use consisting of NER values of 4.53 and NEV of 126.46. Keywords: Arabica, GWP, Energy, LCA, Organic
Drying Vanilla Using A Hybrid Dryer
Authors: Warji Warji , Tamrin Tamrin , Kuncoro Sapto , Lanya Budianto , Muzaqi Hani 
Published: March 2023

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrew) is a plant that has high economic value; the plant is oriented for export. Postharvest handling is necessary to produce good quality vanilla; One of them is the drying process. This study aims to measure the drying time of vanilla, measure the decrease in moisture content, and analyze the efficiency of drying wet vanilla using a rack-type hybrid dryer. The research was conducted with three treatments, namely: drying using solar energy, drying using electrical energy, and drying using solar energy and electrical energy (hybrid). Based on the results of the study, it was found that drying using solar energy, drying using electrical energy, and drying using solar energy and electrical energy (hybrid) took 15 days, 17 days, and 13 days, respectively. The initial moisture content of drying is about 91.25% which decreases to about 32.44% at the end of drying. The efficiency of the three treatments was 6.39%, 1.58%, and 0.92%, respectively. Keywords: Drying, Hybrid postharvest, Vanilla
The Dynamic Model of Water Balance in A Sub-Basin
Authors: Evantri Dea , Purwanto Muh. Yanuar J. , Pandjaitan Nora , Waspodo Roh Santoso Budi 
Published: March 2023

Management of water resources in a river basin requires a new approach. The availability of water is a basic thing that must be considered given the increasing need for water. This study aimed to develop a water balance model in the Upper Bekasi River Sub Basin. In this study water balance model of the Bekasi River Sub Basin was built with several variables that affect water demand and availability, namely population growth rate, public facilities, and efforts to utilize resources. In this research, water supply and demand modelling was carried out using a dynamic system supported by Vensim software. Simulations were carried out from 2012 to 2045. The increase in population growth was directly proportional to the increased in population water needs. This dynamic model simulation used the application of rainwater harvesting and water-saving behaviour. Water demand for the Bekasi River Sub Basin was equal to 156.649.000 m3/year. The availability of surface water was 138.127.680 m3/year and had not been able to meet the water needs. The dynamic model showed that the water balance will be deficit in 2031, namely 51.883.200 m3/year. However, with the application of the water saving scenario, the water balance has a surplus of 258.564.000 m3 / year until the end of the simulation. Water reducing behavior can be used as an efficient method of water utilization. Keywords: Population, Rainwater harvesting, Simulation, Water management, Water resource