bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast dose calculation in x-ray guided interventions by using deep learning
Authors: Villa Mateo , Nasr Bahaa , Benoit Didier , Padoy Nicolas , Visvikis Dimitris , Bert Julien 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Patient dose estimation in x-ray-guided interventions is essential to prevent radiation-induced biological side effects. Current dose monitoring systems estimate the skin dose based in dose metrics such as the reference air kerma. However, these approximations do not take into account the exact patient morphology and organs composition. Furthermore, accurate organ dose estimation has not been proposed for these procedures. Monte Carlo simulation can accurately estimate the dose by recreating the irradiation process generated during the x-ray imaging, but at a high computation time, limiting an intra-operative application. This work presents a fast deep convolutional neural network trained with MC simulations for patient dose estimation during x-ray-guided interventions. Approach. We introduced a modified 3D U-Net that utilizes a patient’s CT scan and the numerical values of imaging settings as input to produce a Monte Carlo dose map. To create a dataset of dose maps, we simulated the x-ray irradiation process for the abdominal region using a publicly available dataset of 82 patient CT scans. The simulation involved varying the angulation, position, and tube voltage of the x-ray source for each scan. We additionally conducted a clinical study during endovascular abdominal aortic repairs to validate the reliability of our Monte Carlo simulation dose maps. Dose measurements were taken at four specific anatomical points on the skin and compared to the corresponding simulated doses. The proposed network was trained using a 4-fold cross-validation approach with 65 patients, and evaluating the performance on the remaining 17 patients during testing. Main results. The clinical validation demonstrated a average error within the anatomical points of 5.1%. The network yielded test errors of 11.5 ± 4.6% and 6.2 ± 1.5% for peak and average skin doses, respectively. Furthermore, the mean errors for the abdominal region and pancreas doses were 5.0 ± 1.4% and 13.1 ± 2.7%, respectively. Significance. Our network can accurately predict a personalized 3D dose map considering the current imaging settings. A short computation time was achieved, making our approach a potential solution for dose monitoring and reporting commercial systems.
Experimental evidence of various mode numbers of azimuthal waves in an
E×B
Penning source for semiconductor processing
Authors: Cheon Cheongbin , Choi Jinyoung , Koo John Bon-Woong , Kim June Young 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study presents the first experimental evidence for the existence of various mode numbers of azimuthal waves in an E × B Penning source used for semiconductor processing. To accurately measure these mode numbers, we utilized an eight-tip probe array aligned in an azimuthal direction to acquire spatiotemporal signals and applied the Beall analysis to obtain the dispersion relations. We combined seven dispersion relations obtained from distinct probe pairs to derive a single dispersion relation. This method allowed us to enhance the accuracy and reliability of the measurements. Our results show that the amplitude of the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) undergoes significant changes as the discharge voltage and magnetic field strength are varied. We observed that a distinguishable peak seen at higher discharge voltage is divided into a wide range of dominant peaks up to eight when the discharge voltage is decreased. The dispersion relation reveals that the phase velocity of each mode is proportional to the frequency. As the magnetic field strength increases, the amplitude of the FFT rapidly decreases except for a dominant peak corresponding to mode number 3. Ultimately, the low azimuthal mode dominates the azimuthal oscillation. Moreover, the radial profile of the FFT results shows that the frequencies of modes are nearly constant along the radial direction and have a maximum spectral magnitude at the periphery of the plasma core. Notably, as the amplitude of the modes increased, the maximum amplitude transitioned away from the core region. The findings from experiment with the multi-arrayed probe suggest the presence of a characteristics eigenmode in the E × B Penning source. This eigenmode appears to be a fundamental and pervasive feature of the system, spanning a range of mode numbers from low to high.
High-energy electron local injection in top-gated metallic superconductor switch
Authors: Du Hongmei , Xu Zuyu , Wei Zihan , Li Dingding , Chen Shixian , Tian Wanghao , Zhang Ping , Lyu Yang-Yang , Sun Hancong , Wang Yong-Lei , Wang Huabing , Wu Peiheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The gate-tunable superconductivity in metallic superconductors has recently attracted significant attention due to its rich physics and potential applications in next-generation superconducting electronics. Although the operating principles of these devices have been attributed to the small leakage currents of high-energy electrons in recent experiments, the generated phonons can spread over considerable distances in the substrate, which may limit their further applications. Here, we utilize a top gate structure with monocrystalline h-BN as a gate dielectric and demonstrate the gate-adjustable supercurrent in a metallic Nb microbridge. The gate current of the devices perfectly follows the Fowler–Nordheim law of field emission, indicating that the injection of high-energy electrons presumably causes the suppression of the supercurrent. Our devices reduce the distance between the gate and the microbridge to a few nanometers or less, significantly minimizing the generated phonons’ spreading distance and power dissipation in the substrate or surrounding environment. These observations demonstrate that top-gated metallic superconducting switches with local electron injection can improve the device integration density, providing us with more versatile and practical opportunities to explore superconducting circuit architecture.
Correlation between microstructure and superconducting properties of MgB2 bulk samples with Mg addition and Mg/hBN co-additions
Authors: Gao Zilin , Grovenor Chris R M , Speller Susannah C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The microstructure of polycrystalline MgB2 has a strong influence on the current carrying ability, with grain boundaries and non-superconducting nanoparticles acting as good flux pinning centres which improve the local (intrinsic) critical current density (J
c) of the material, whereas porosity and poor connectivity between grains or particles adversely affect macroscopic current transport. Previous studies have found that hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) doping improves intrinsic J
c by introducing nanoscale flux pinning centres, and Mg doping improves extrinsic J
c by liquid-assisted sintering. Here we investigate the effect of co-doping with 5 wt.% Mg and 1 wt.% hBN with the aim of combining the improved intrinsic and extrinsic properties in bulk MgB2 samples fabricated using field assisted sintering. Additionally, the influence of ball milling and processing temperatures on MgB2 samples with only Mg additions is reported. By correlating microstructure with superconducting properties, we show that the presence of Mg liquid during processing of Mg-doped samples accelerates the reaction between BN and MgB2, forming an impurity phase, MgNB9, the presence of which is detrimental to superconducting performance. Nevertheless, we have achieved a considerable improvement in performance of samples doped only with Mg by increasing the sintering temperature.
Lie symmetry analysis, conservation laws and exact solutions for variable-coefficients (2+1)-dimensional dissipative long-wave system
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Jin Meng , Xin Xiangpeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Lie symmetry analysis, optimal system, exact solutions and conservation laws of the (2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficients dissipative long-wave (vcDLW) system are introduced in this paper. Lie symmetry analysis method is used to obtain the vector field firstly. And the Olver

′
s

method is used to obtain the optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras of the equations. Based on the optimal system, the equations are similarly reduced. Some representative equations are selected from the equations obtained after similarly reduction, and then the

G
′

/

G

−

expansion method is applied to these equations, so that some new exact solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional vcDLW equations can be obtained. Finally, we study the conservation laws of the system.
Switchable metasurface with double phase distributions for wavefront manipulation
Authors: Niu Junhao , Li Chunhui , Yao Qianyu , Mo Wei , Zhu Aijun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We designed a switchable metasurface for wavefront manipulation by employing vanadium dioxide (VO2), which can convert the circular polarized wave to its cross-polarized wave. With the change of conductivity of VO2 at different temperatures, the metasurface can exhibit two different phase distributions at the same targeted frequency. The two phase distributions can be easily attained by rotating two rings of the unit elements. Next, based on the metasurface, we designed focal length switchable metalens and generated vortex beam carrying OAM in different modes controlled by temperature. Different from the traditional multifunctional integrated metasurfaces, the designed metasurface has a dynamic tunable feature, providing great flexibility in wavefront manipulation.
Tunneling induced swapping of orbital angular momentum in a quantum dot molecule
Authors: Al-Hawary S I S , R Kadhum Wesam , Abdu Musad Saleh E , Yacin Y , Adnan Abdullah E , Qasim M T , Abdullaeva B , Sapaev I B , Abdulfadhil Gatea M , Alsalamy A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we have examined the effectiveness exchange of optical vorticity via three-wave mixing (TWM) technique in a four-level quantum dot (QD) molecule by means of the electron tunneling effect. Our analytical analysis demonstrates that the TWM procedure can result in the production of a new weak signal beam that may be absorbed or amplified within the QD molecule. We have taken into account the electron tunneling as well as the relative phase of the applied lights to assess the absorption and dispersion characteristics of the newly generated light. We have discovered that the slow light propagation and signal amplification can be achieved. Our results show that the exchange of the orbital angular momentum of light can transfer from coupling optical vortex light to the new generated light in high efficiency.
Electrical stimulation induced structural 3D human engineered neural tissue with well-developed neuronal network and functional connectivity
Authors: Meng Xiaoting , Yu Xiyao , Lu Yingli , Pei Zhe , Wang Guoqiang , Qi Mingran , Liu Rongrong , Zhou Jiaying , Guo Xiaopin , Zhou Zhengjie , Wang Fang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Three-dimensional (3D) neural tissue engineering is expected to provide new stride in developing neural disease models and functional substitutes to aid in the treatment of central nervous system injury. We have previously detailed an electrical stimulation (ES) system to generate 3D mouse engineered neural tissue (mENT) in vitro. However, ES-induced human ENT (hENT) has not previously been either investigated or identified in structural and functional manner. Here, we applied ES as a stimulator to regulate human neural stem cells in 3D Matrigel, explored the components and functional properties of hENTs. Approach. By immunofluorescence chemical staining and electron microscope imaging, we evaluated the effects of ES on (1) neuronal differentiation and maturation, (2) neurites outgrowth and alignment in hENT, (3) formation of synapses and myelin sheaths in hENT. We further investigated the formation of synaptic connections between ex-vivo-fused mouse and human tissue. We used calcium imaging to detect activities of neurons in hENT culture. Results. ES could induce neuronal differentiation, the orderly growth of neurites and the maturation of neuron subtypes to construct a well-developed neuronal network with synapses and myelin sheaths. Most importantly, we discovered that raising extracellular K+ concentration resulted the increasing neuronal excitability in the hENT, indicating electrical activities in neuronal cells. Significance. We applied ES to generate the organised 3D hENTs and identified them in both structural and functional manner.
Flexible gear modeling and stress spectrum compilation of an artillery steering machine
Authors: Si Dongya , Fang Wenmin , Zhang Yang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To solve the load data lack problems when researching the fatigue life prediction of artillery steering machines, the flexible body model of an artillery steering gear was established using the recurdyn/fflex, based on the finite element flexible body theory. The complete artillery adjustment process of the steering gear was simulated and calculated, and the dynamic stress change of the gear under variable load conditions was obtained. Eight-level stress spectrum was compiled based on the rain flow counting method, which provides the load data basis for the subsequent reliability design and fatigue life research.
An Image Stitching Scheme Based on Cameras Coordinate Transformation and Template Matching
Authors: Wang Hua , Han Yifei , Zhang Shuang , Zhu Guokai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the detection of a large-size longitudinal beam workpiece, it is impossible to obtain the complete picture of the workpiece only by relying on a single camera, so it is necessary to realize the position movement of the camera with the help of a motor to obtain image data one by one, in which image stitching is the key to realize this technology. Based on this, this paper proposes an image stitching scheme based on the camera’s coordinate transformation and template matching. The scheme first uses a motor to drive three cameras to the image acquisition and then uses the coordinate transformation between cameras to obtain the stitched image of the area. After cameras are moved to the next image acquisition area, the image stitching algorithm based on template matching is used to complete the image stitching of the two areas. The above steps are repeated until the cameras complete the image acquisition task of all areas and the image stitching of the final workpiece is completed. Through the experimental verification, the proposed template matching scheme for the approximate overlapping areas between images can effectively improve the efficiency of image stitching, and the specific improvement effect in this experiment can reach 46.2%, and the overall image stitching scheme meets the requirements of detection efficiency.
Analysis and Test of Indentation Rolling Resistance of Belt Conveyors
Authors: Hou Hongwei , Lan Chunsen , Feng Baozhong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The rotating resistance of conveying belt accounts for the largest proportion of the running resistance of the belt conveyor. To analyze the key factors affecting its size, a simulation analysis of the relationship between belt conveyor load, idler diameter, belt speed, and indentation rolling resistance was conducted based on the finite element method. According to the simulation content, experimental verification was carried out, and the test method of indentation rolling resistance was formed. The simulation analysis and test conclusions can provide certain technical support for the optimal design of belt conveyors.
Structural analysis of multi-way block for large-diameter pipeline connector based on ANSYS
Authors: Han Yingjie , Wu Renzhi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a multi-way block for large-diameter pipeline connectors designed based on Hubbed slip-on-welding steel pipe flanges, which solves the problems of complicated processing technology, poor mechanical properties, and short service life of existing welded multi-way pipe joints. The structural analysis and comparison of multi-way blocks and multi-way pipe joints under different working conditions are carried out. This paper adopts certain assumptions to simplify the model, analyzes the multi-way block and multi-way pipe joint in theory, and takes the PN16-150 multi-way block as an example to refine and verify the theoretical analysis results. In this paper, Pro-E is used to establish a three-dimensional model, and ANSYS workbench is used for structural static simulation. The simulation results show that the multi-way block has better mechanical properties than the multi-way pipe joint under the same working conditions, and the multi-way block after reducing the diameter has better mechanical properties than the equal-diameter multi-way block.
Finite element simulation of automobile crankshaft processing based on ductile iron
Authors: Zhang Chundong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Crankshaft plays a very important role as the key parts in the automobile engine. The processing of shaft parts mainly adopts the machining method of turning. The service life of the machining tool directly affects the production cost. In the machining process of shaft parts, due to its poor rigidity, it is easy to cause machining deformation, so it is of great significance to control the machining deformation of parts. In this paper, the Advantedge simulation software is used to establish the finite element model of tool wear and cutting process with nodular cast iron crankshaft parts as the research object, and the tool wear and machining deformation of shaft parts are studied respectively.
Simulation of dynamic characteristics of suspension hydraulic bushing
Authors: Zha Wenjing , Lu Chihua , Liu Zhi’en , Li Guohong , Luo Jinliang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The hydraulic bushing is a common vibration isolator, and its dynamic characteristics influence the ride comfort of the vehicle. Aiming at a suspension hydraulic bushing with inertia components, a one-dimensional model of the hydraulic bushing is established based on Amesim. Secondly, a parameter identification method is proposed, and the equivalent piston area of the hydraulic bushing and the diaphragm strain stiffness are identified by this method. Finally, the identified parameters are input into the Amesim model, and the data results are compared with the experimental results after processing with MatLab. The results show that the dynamic characteristic curve of the hydraulic bushing calculated by this method is consistent with the test curve and can well predict the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic bushing with inertia elements.
Time-domain Reliability Estimation of Gear Train considering Failure-dependence
Authors: Bai Enjun , Yang Chaojie , Zheng Kaiming , Zhang Dongxu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A gear tooth or a gear is usually considered as an independent component in the traditional reliability research. However, gear trains are significantly different from the traditional series systems. Time-dependent configuration of the traditional series systems is fixed. But the meshing tooth-pairs of gear trains are changing all the time during operation. The failures of meshing tooth-pairs are dependent statistically under the common load action. In the paper, the reliability analysis considering time-domain meshing relation of tooth-pairs is studied and meshing relation equations are presented. Then, reliability analysis method of gear trains is developed based on the Monte Carlo simulation with dependent failure and time domain meshing relation. The differences of reliability results between time domain reliability analysis method and traditional series system reliability methods are illustrated by several examples.
Quantitative detection of crack depth in V-groove weld using laser-generated surface acoustic waves
Authors: Li Ziming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Thick-walled structures are widely used in kinds of high-end equipment. As the most conventional method adopted to manufacture large-scale structures, multi-pass butt-welds are one of the most critical areas prone to defects. In this paper, we focus on the quantitative detection of crack depth in a V-groove weld using laser-generated surface acoustic waves. A two-dimensional finite-element method with Q345 steel is adopted to reveal the complicated propagation characteristics of laser-generated surface acoustic waves with surface cracks. The displacement fields are discussed to show the wave transmission, reflection, and mode-conversion phenomena. The main propagating wave modes—P, R, R′, R′r, and R′t waved—are distinguished with the help of the out-of-plane displacement under different crack depths in the time domain. It is found that R′r can be used to locate the cracks and R′t can be used to quantify the depth of the cracks.
Study on Erosion of Small-Size At-bit Azimuthal Gamma Geosteering Tool
Authors: Sun Dongxin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Small-size at-bit azimuthal gamma geosteering tool is an important tool used in the process of old well sidetracking. It is significant to carry out numerical simulation analysis of erosion and life prediction to reduce development costs and excavate the remaining reservoir in old wells. By using the finite element software, we calculate and analyze the erosion characteristic of the drilling fluid flow and the sand content ratio of the geosteering tool. These results demonstrate that the water hole erosion rate is positively correlated to the flow rate and sand ratio respectively, and the maximal erosion rate all happens at the root of the female thread. When the drilling fluid flow rate is 14 L/s and the sand content ratio is 4%, its erosion life is about 743.2 h which satisfies the service life of downhole tools. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for configuring drilling fluid on-site, adjusting pump pressure, and prolonging the service life of tools.
Application of VMD and dynamic wavelet noise reduction techniques in rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Ma Jinghua , Li Honglei , Chen Yingchun , Wang Jingshu , Zou Zheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study proposes a denoising technique based on VMD and dynamic wavelet to address the difficulty of extracting rolling bearing fault vibration signal features in a noisy background. Firstly, the vibration signal is decomposed using the VMD method and the extracted IMFs are filtered. Then, dynamic wavelet are used to denoise the confused IMFs, and the IMFs are reconstructed to achieve joint denoising. Finally, a deep learning method is applied to adaptively extract the features of the noise-reduced signals for fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed through experimental verification, demonstrating its ability to remove noise information from the signal and improve the presentation of fault characteristics, leading to improved accuracy in fault diagnosis.
Research on the evolutionary direction of drip irrigation irrigators based on the evolution of technological systems
Authors: Lv Bing , Ren Zekun , Shi Changyu , Wang Yuanfa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces the theory of technical system evolution into the design of infiltration irrigation irrigators, uses patent analysis to predict the technical system of irrigators, adopts the law of dynamics suitable for the evolution of drip and infiltration irrigation irrigators, and the law of uneven evolution of subsystems to optimize the design of irrigators. It identifies the technical system evolution stage of irrigators as the growth period, forms the evolution process applicable to the growth period of irrigators, and obtains a new type of flexible integral compensated DC channel-wide flow irrigator.