bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A point prevalence study of medical device‐associated pressure injuries: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yalçin Melek , Güneş Ülkü 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAim and ObjectiveThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to determine the point prevalence and associated risk factors of medical device‐related pressure injuries (MDRPI) in intensive care patients in Turkey.BackgroundMDRPI remain a clinical problem that has garnered the attention of healthcare professionals.DesignThis study used a cross‐sectional design and was conducted over a single day in all intensive care units.MethodData were collected through face‐to‐face interviews, observation, skin examination and detailed diagnosis of MDRPI development and influencing factors. Presence of pressure injuries on the skin in the areas where the patient's medical device was placed was defined. The study was reported according to the STROBE declaration.ResultsMDRPI developed in 65 out of 200 patients included in the study (32.5%). The most frequent locations were on the face (71%). The MDRPIs were commonly associated with nasogastric tube (29.2%), endotracheal tube (18.5%) and CPAP mask (15.4%). A significant proportion of these injuries were mucosal (53.8%, n = 35). The majority of the skin pressure injuries were classified as Stage II (18.5%, n = 12). The risk increased 14 times in patients who were hospitalised for 9–16 days and 13 times in those who received mechanical ventilator support.ConclusionThe study findings suggest that MDRPI developed in approximately one of three patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit, and the length of hospital stay and mechanical ventilator support were important determining risk factors. The high prevalence of MDRPI may indicate inadequate nursing care quality. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses be aware of risk factors and evaluate the suitability and safety of medical devices.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution was involved in this study.
Effects of multicomponent exercise on quality of life, depression and anxiety among stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Song Yuan‐Yuan , Sun Wen‐Jing , Wang Cong , Tian Yong‐Ming , Liu Huan , Jiang Yan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines stress the importance of exercise, especially multicomponent exercise to older adults with chronic conditions.AimTo critically synthesise evidence that evaluates the effects of multicomponent exercise on quality of life, depression and anxiety after stroke.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 statement.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PsycINFO from inception to 12 June 2023 was performed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2). Meta‐analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and narrative syntheses were adopted whenever meta‐analysis was inappropriate. The overall certainty of the evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsOf 15,351 records identified, nine were eligible and data were available for seven randomised controlled trials, three of which were identified as having a high risk of bias, one as low risk, and five as having some concerns. Subgroup pooled analyses indicated that multicomponent exercise engaged in longer exercise sessions (>60 min) was effective in improving quality of life immediately post‐intervention and through 3–6 months post‐intervention. However, multicomponent exercise did not significantly affect depression and anxiety.ConclusionsMulticomponent exercise with longer duration of exercise sessions has promising effects on both short‐ to medium‐term quality of life among stroke survivors.Patient or Public ContributionThis does not apply to our work as it is a review paper.Relevance to Clinical PracticeHealthcare providers could consider encouraging the patients to participate in multicomponent exercise sessions for more than 60 min. It is important to note that stroke survivors should be supervised by trained personnel at the beginning of the training.RegistrationThe protocol was registered on PROSPERO.
Are demographic factors, masticatory performance and structural brain signatures associated with cognitive impairment in older people? A pilot study of cross‐sectional neuroimaging data
Authors: Knijn Fleur V. , Verhoeff Merel C. , Bindels Karlijn l. , Fuh Jong‐Ling , Lin Chia‐Shu , Su Naichuan , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of cognitive impairment (CI) is expected to increase within an ageing population. CI is associated with tooth loss, which influences masticatory performance. A decrease in masticatory performance may cause functional and morphological changes in the brain. However, whether CI is associated with masticatory performance, demographics, and structural brain signatures has not been studied yet.ObjectivesTo assess the associations between CI on the one hand, and masticatory performance, demographic factors, and structural brain signatures (i.e. cortical volume and thickness) on the other hand.MethodsIn total, 18 older adults with CI (mean ± SD age = 72.2 ± 9.5 years) and 68 older adults without CI (65.7 ± 7.5 years) were included in this study. Masticatory performance was quantified using a colour‐changeable chewing gum. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan was used to map structural brain signatures. To study our aim, a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis with backward selection was performed.ResultsThe cortical volume of the right entorhinal cortex was negatively associated with CI (p < .01). However, demographic factors, masticatory performance, and the other structural brain signatures under investigation were not associated with CI.ConclusionA decrease in the volume of the right entorhinal cortex is associated with CI in older people.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravenous injection to cats with reduced kidney function
Authors: Foster Jonathan D. , Abouraya Mahmoud , Papich Mark G. , Muma Nancy A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown if enrofloxacin accumulates in plasma of cats with reduced kidney function.HypothesisTo determine if enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin have reduced clearance in azotemic cats.AnimalsThirty‐four cats hospitalized for clinical illness with variable degree of kidney function.MethodsProspective study. After enrofloxacin (dose 5 mg/kg) administration to cats, sparse blood sampling was used to obtain 2 compartment population pharmacokinetic results using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling. Plasma enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations were measured and summed to obtain the total fluoroquinolone concentration. A model of ciprofloxacin metabolism from enrofloxacin was created and evaluated for covariate effects on clearance, volume of distribution, and the metabolic rate of ciprofloxacin generation from enrofloxacin.ResultsBody weight was the only covariate found to affect total fluoroquinolone volume of distribution (effect 1.63, SE 0.19, P < .01) and clearance (effect 1.63, SE 0.27, P < .01). Kidney function did not have a significant effect on total fluoroquinolone clearance (median 440.8 mL/kg/h (range 191.4‐538.0 mL/kg/h) in cats with normal kidney function, 365.8 mL/kg/h (range 89.49‐1092.0 mL/kg/h) in cats with moderate kidney dysfunction, and 308.5 mL/kg/h (range 140.20‐480.0 mL/kg/h) in cats with severe kidney dysfunction (P = .64). Blood urea nitrogen concentration influenced the metabolic generation of ciprofloxacin from enrofloxacin (effect 0.51, SE 0.08, P < .01), but other markers of kidney function did not.Conclusions and clinical importance.Adjustment of enrofloxacin dosage is not indicated for azotemic cats.
Unravelling the trophic guild structure of Neotropical Carnivora: diet specialisations, spatial variation and phylogenetic drivers
Authors: Metz Lorena , Monteiro‐Filho Emygdio Leite de Araujo , Fusco‐Costa Roberto , D'Bastiani Elvira , Padial Andre Andrian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Carnivora species present specialisations for carnivorous diet, although their dietary spectrum is variable: some are strictly carnivorous, others feed mostly on plants. Knowledge about Carnivora feeding habits and resource use patterns is the basis for understanding ecological dynamics, including their role in ecosystems, trophic interactions and conservation.

We aimed to contribute to the identification and description of the trophic guild structure of Carnivora species throughout the Neotropical Region and explore the main drivers behind their structuring.

We compiled Carnivora dietary studies and evaluated trophic guild formation through network analysis, diet dissimilarity and overlapping. We investigated whether there is spatial variation in diet parameters and the role of phylogeny in trophic guild structuring.

We found dietary studies for 32 species from six Carnivora families. We observed two important biases: most studies focus on large‐bodied felids and canids and were predominantly conducted in South and South‐eastern regions of South America. Additionally, it has been noted that biomes such as the Amazon and Caatinga require further research on dietary studies.

The network patterns evidenced that central items in carnivorans' diet are small mammals, plants, arthropods and crustaceans. Modularity suggests grouping generalists/opportunists, marine‐based, plant‐based and two mammal‐based diets. Most opportunistic and generalist species were found within the families Canidae and Procyonidae, while felids were strictly carnivorous.

Dietary parameters reveal carnivorans tend to maintain niche breadth regardless of the ecoregion, possibly by substitution of items in their diet. Finally, we observed that phylogeny is an important driver of dietary patterns, indicating that evolutionary history explains part of the habits of carnivores. Our review provides insights to identify broad‐scale patterns and guidelines for new studies.
Role of phenotypic and transcriptomic plasticity in alpine adaptation of Arabidopsis arenosa
Authors: Wos Guillaume , Požárová Doubravka , Kolář Filip 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlasticity is an important component of the response of organism to environmental changes, but whether plasticity facilitates adaptation is still largely debated. Using transcriptomic and phenotypic data, we explored the evolution of ancestral plasticity during alpine colonization in Arabidopsis arenosa. We leveraged naturally replicated adaptation in four distinct mountain regions in Central Europe. We sampled seeds from ancestral foothill and independently formed alpine populations in each region and raised them in growth chambers under conditions approximating their natural environments. We gathered RNA‐seq and genetic data of 48 and 63 plants and scored vegetative and flowering traits in 203 and 272 plants respectively. Then, we compared gene expression and trait values over two treatments differing in temperature and irradiance and elevations of origin and quantified the extent of ancestral and derived plasticity. At the transcriptomic level, initial plastic changes tended to be more reinforced than reversed in adapted alpine populations. Genes showing reinforcement were involved in the stress response, developmental processes and morphogenesis and those undergoing reversion were related to the stress response (light and biotic stress). At the phenotypic level, initial plastic changes in all but one trait were also reinforced supporting a facilitating role of phenotypic plasticity during colonization of an alpine environment. Our results contrasted with previous studies that showed generally higher reversion than reinforcement and supported the idea that ancestral plasticity tends to be reinforced in the context of alpine adaptation. However, plasticity may also be the source of potential maladaptation, especially at the transcriptomic level.
Vomiting after intrathecal chemotherapy under anesthesia in pediatric patients with hematologic cancers: A cohort study
Authors: França de Moraes Gustavo Henrique , Lima Luciana Cavalcanti , Couceiro Tania Cursino de Menezes , Lins Mecneide Mendes , Cumino Débora de Oliveira , Simões Leonardo Augusto Barbosa Magalhães , Mello Maria Júlia Gonçalves de 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite preventive strategies, vomiting is an adverse event affecting patients with cancer. However, literature on the incidence and risk factors for vomiting in pediatric patients with cancer are scarce.AimTo assess the incidence and risk factors for vomiting within 24 h and goodness of fit for the Eberhart score in pediatric patients with hematologic cancers after receiving intrathecal chemotherapy under deep sedation.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included patients under 20 years of age with hematologic cancers who were scheduled to undergo intrathecal chemotherapy under anesthesia. The primary outcome was the occurrence of vomiting within 24 h after the end of anesthesia. Sociodemographic and procedure data and underlying diseases were collected. Patients were monitored during the procedure, in the postanesthesia care unit, and the day after (by phone call).ResultsA total of 139 patients were included, and the incidence of vomiting was 30.9% within 24 h after intrathecal chemotherapy under anesthesia, with 90.7% of vomiting prior to 6 h. Prophylactic ondansetron was administered prior to the procedure to 45.3% of patients. Risk factors for vomiting were female gender (hazard ratio: 2.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.35–4.53, p: .003), consolidation phase of treatment (hazard ratio: 2.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–4.24, p: .025), and history of kinetosis (hazard ratio: 2.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.31–4.70, p: .005). Incidence of vomit was higher than estimated by the Eberhart score distribution (observed incidence in patients with a score of zero: 33.3%; with a score of one: 28.8%; with a score of two: 60%).ConclusionA high incidence of vomiting was observed within 24 h after intrathecal chemotherapy under propofol deep sedation. Risk factors for this outcome were established (being female, consolidation phase of treatment, and previous kinetosis), and evidence suggested that the Eberhart score was not suitable for the studied population.
Validity of the modified‐Distraction‐Short‐Scale and Verbal‐Numeric‐Anxiety‐Fear‐Rating‐Scale for children in a preoperative setting
Authors: Proczkowska Marie , Ericsson Elisabeth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe perioperative period can be stressful for children and families. Minimizing child distress and investigating the quality of anesthetic care is important. There is a paucity of assessment tools available to assess perioperative anxiety in children.AimTo determine the validity and reliability of the modified‐Distraction‐Short‐Scale and the Verbal‐Numeric‐Anxiety‐Fear‐Rating‐Scale in a perioperative setting for children.MethodsChildren (n = 189, 3–12 years old) scheduled for ear, nose, and throat surgery had their anxiety rated at induction by a registered nurse anesthetist. Two observers individually evaluated video recordings of the perioperative period. The Verbal‐Numeric‐Anxiety‐Fear‐Rating‐Scale was used to assess the children's preoperative anxiety and fear, and the modified‐Distraction‐Short‐Scale was used to evaluate coping behavior. The modified‐Yale‐Preoperative‐Anxiety‐Scale was used to measure preoperative anxiety and behavioral compliance during anesthesia induction.ResultsInterrater reliability showed excellent agreement between observers on modified‐Distraction‐Short‐Scale scores (weighted kappa (Kw) = 0.91) and Verbal‐Numeric‐Anxiety‐Fear‐Rating‐Scale (Kw = 0.84). The agreements between the registered nurse anesthetist and observers were moderately good for modified‐Distraction‐Short‐Scale (Kw = 0.65–0.80) and Verbal‐Numeric‐Anxiety‐Fear‐Rating‐Scale scores (Kw = 0.65–0.75). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the registered nurse anesthetist and two observers was excellent for modified‐Distraction‐Short‐Scale scores (ICC = 0.96) and Verbal‐Numeric‐Anxiety‐Fear‐Rating‐Scale (ICC = 0.90). Regarding concurrent validity, modified‐Distraction‐Short‐Scale and Verbal‐Numeric‐Anxiety‐Fear‐Rating‐Scale scores were strongly correlated among all three observers (Spearman's correlation coefficient [rs] = 0.75–0.82). The modified‐Yale‐Preoperative‐Anxiety‐Scale scores were moderately correlated with modified‐Distraction‐Short‐Scale (rs = 0.57–0.66) and Verbal‐Numeric‐Anxiety‐Fear‐Rating‐Scale scores (rs = 0.54–0.67). Construct validity was tested by using age as a discriminating variable, and Verbal‐Numeric‐Anxiety‐Fear‐Rating‐Scale, modified‐Distraction‐Short‐Scale, and modified‐Yale‐Preoperative‐Anxiety‐Scale scores were lower for the older age group; however, only modified‐Distraction‐Short‐Scale (Observer 1: p = .035, Observer 2: p = .022), and modified‐Yale‐Preoperative‐Anxiety‐Scale scores were significantly lower (p < .001).ConclusionThe modified‐Distraction‐Short‐Scale and the Verbal‐Numeric‐Anxiety‐Fear‐Rating‐Scale are simple and valid tools for assessing children's perioperative anxiety or fear and evaluating coping behavior. These results suggest that both scales are useful tools for routine clinical practice and research.
Combinatory ability and heterosis for quantitative traits related to productivity and the pungency in F1 hybrids of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Llanes Yaritza , Pérez‐Brito Daisy , Magaña‐Álvarez Anuar , Cortés‐Velázquez Alberto , Guzmán‐Antonio Adolfo , Mijangos‐Cortés Javier O. , Iglesias‐Andreu Lourdes G. , Canto‐Flick Adriana , Pijeira‐Fernández Gema , Santana‐Buzzy Nancy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe objective of this work was to obtain high‐yielding F1 hybrids of the habanero pepper, using 10 outstanding parents in a line‐tester genetic design. General combinatorial ability and specific combinatorial ability were evaluated in the parents' and the hybrids F1 obtained, respectively. Heterosis was determined in the 18 hybrids obtained. The technique of HPLC was used to evaluate the capsaicin content in the fruit of 10 parents and 18 hybrids of habanero pepper. The DNA profiles were analysed as part of the characterization of the germplasm of the species conserved at the CICY. Furthermore, the molecular variation of the genotypes under investigation was assessed using eight SSR and nine ISSR markers. The results showed the presence of substantial morphoagronomic and molecular variability among the habanero pepper genotypes evaluated. Genetic similarities of 83%–93% between parents and 76%–94% between hybrids were found. The most productive hybrids were H8, H10 and H19 with 3.13 to 4.29 kg/plant, respectively, these came from crosses where RNJ‐04 (P26) as the male parent and the hybrid H60 (4.92 kg/plant) that comes from the male parent RES‐08 (P30). Likewise, the H7 hybrid had the highest capsaicin content (128.41 mg/g dry weight, 960,687.00 SHU). Hybrids H43 with 114.39 mg/g DW and 90,444.30 SHU, and H51 with 11.61 mg/g DW and 934,745.07 SHU respectively, also stood out.
Protective effect of Helianthus annuus seed byproduct extract on ultraviolet radiation‐induced injury in skin cells
Authors: Mo Xiaoying , Chen Xiaochun , Pan Xiaojiao , Lu Yantong , Pan Guangjuan , Xie Jielan , Pan Zhenzhen , Li Li , Tian Hui , Li Yaohua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHelianthus annuus seed byproduct is a residual product obtained after seed oil extraction. The present study investigated the preventive and repair effects of the H. annuus seed byproduct ethanol extract (HSE) on ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced injury in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) and human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). Results revealed that the total phenolic acid and oligosaccharide content in HSE was >50%. HSE had a stronger preventive effect on UVR‐induced injury than the repair effect. Moreover, phenolic acids were the main active component of HSE mediating the preventative effect. In HaCaTs and HSFs, HSE prevented UVR‐induced injury by inhibiting excessive ROS production. It reduced the secretion of tumor necrosis TNF‐α, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 by inhibiting the level of ROS, thus reducing inflammation‐mediated injury to skin cells. In addition, HSE inhibited the expression of various mRNA kinases in the MAPK–ERK/p38/JNK pathway. This downregulated the expression of activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) mRNA and further reduced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, MMP‐3, and MMP‐9 as well as reduced UVR‐induced injury to the cells. In conclusion, HSE is a broad‐spectrum, natural UV filter with high efficiency and low toxicity that has the potential to be used in sunscreen products.
Association between longitudinal changes in striatal dopamine transporter uptake and clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Takenoshita Naoto , Inagawa Yuta , Kato Hikaru , Kaneshiro Kyoko , Kamiya Tomoki , Inagawa Shoya , Saisho Aya , Tsugawa Akito , Mastumoto Yukari , Yoshimura Mana , Saito Kazuhiro , Shimizu Soichiro , Sato Tomohiko 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundIt is widely known that there is low striatal 123I‐2β‐Carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐ fluoropropyl) nortropane (123I‐FP‐CIT) dopamine transporter single photon emission tomography (DaT‐SPECT) uptake in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). No studies to date have analyzed the association between longitudinal changes of clinical features and DaT uptake in patients with Parkinson syndrome, particularly those with DLB. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the longitudinal changes in DaT uptake and the severity of parkinsonism and cognitive function in DLB patients.MethodsA total of 35 outpatients with probable DLB who underwent DaT‐SPECT twice (at the initial examination and the follow‐up period) in the Memory Disorder Clinic at the Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, were enrolled in this study between April 2014 and September 2020. The correlation between annual changes in DaT uptake and clinical features (cognitive function decline and parkinsonism) of the patients was analyzed.ResultsA significant correlation was detected between annual changes in parkinsonism symptom severity and DaT uptake in the left posterior putamen (r = −0.39, P = 0.03), and between Mini‐Mental State Examination scores and DaT uptake in all regions except the right posterior putamen (P < 0.05) in patients with DLB.ConclusionsOur results suggested that the pathway from the ventrolateral tier of the substantia nigra to the putamen might be more crucial for motor function than other pathways, not only in Parkinson's disease but also in DLB.
Economic openness, financial bias, and the urban–rural income gap
Authors: Chen Zuocheng , Paudel Krishna P. , Devadoss Stephen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe develop a theoretical model to analyze the impact of economic openness and financial bias (i.e., open sector bias and urban area bias) on the urban–rural income gap. Our theoretical model puts forth three propositions, which we empirically test using a dynamic panel data model. We use data from 30 provinces in China spanning from 2004 to 2017 for our empirical analysis. Our results reveal a U‐shaped relationship between the urban–rural income gap and the level of regional economic openness. We also find an inverted U‐shaped relationship between the urban–rural income gap and the open sector bias of regional financial development. Moreover, our analysis indicates a positive relationship between the urban–rural income gap and urban area bias in regional financial development. These three propositions hold true for both nominal and real measures of the income gap.