bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A wireless infrared thermometry device for postoperative flap monitoring: Proof of concept in a porcine flap model
Authors: Xie Ruijie , Liu Qianlong , Zhang Ya , Guo Chengyi , Huang Xiongjie , Liu Mingjiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe application of flap surgery is becoming more and more widespread with the development of microsurgical techniques. Currently, postoperative blood flow monitoring of flaps is still mainly assessed by medical staff for traditional clinical parameters, which has the disadvantage of being subjective and unable to monitor in real‐time. This study describes a self‐contained infrared wireless infrared thermometry device for flap blood supply monitoring and evaluates its effectiveness on eight porcine flap models. A scapular muscle flap model was established using eight small pigs, and the vessels were ligated at irregular intervals using a lumir ligature to simulate arterial crisis and venous crisis. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), the wireless infrared thermometry device, and traditional clinical observation methods were applied to monitor the blood supply of the flap and evaluate the effect. The time to the determination of blood supply disturbance by wireless infrared thermography (IRT) was 28.75 ± 3.30 min and 96.5 ± 27.09 min for the arterial and venous groups, respectively; by LDF was 6.00 ± 1.41 min and 52.75 ± 15.76 min; by clinical observation was 42.00 ± 8.60 min and 156.50 ± 40.91 min, respectively. Paired t‐tests were performed between the wireless IRT device and clinical observations, and the statistical results were significantly different in the arterial group and not significantly different in the venous group. Paired t‐testing of the wireless infrared thermometry device with the LDF also showed significant differences in the arterial group and non‐significant differences in the venous group. This wireless infrared thermometry device outperforms traditional clinical observation methods in monitoring blood supply in a porcine skin flap model. Because of its low cost, real‐time monitoring, simple operation, and non‐invasive features, it has the potential to be used in clinical practice as a routine means of postoperative blood supply monitoring in flap surgery.
A temperature and vent opening couple model in solar greenhouses for vegetable cultivation based on dynamic solar heat load using computational fluid dynamics simulations
Authors: Fu Qiqi , Li Xinxing , Zhang Guoxiang , Li Xiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe application of microclimate control technology in solar greenhouses under a dynamic solar heat load is of great significance for current research on energy consumption and clean efficiency in greenhouses. In particular, solar greenhouses use natural ventilation for the rapid exchange of energy and heat inside and outside the greenhouse. In this study, we proposed a coupling between the natural ventilation model and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to investigate the relationship between ventilation and temperature in solar greenhouses, thus providing a more in‐depth understanding of greenhouse ventilation demands. The influence of vents on the greenhouse microclimate was simulated under dynamic solar thermal loads using CFD to propose a coupling between the natural ventilation model and the CFD model to investigate the relationship between ventilation and temperature in solar greenhouses. Furthermore, we analyzed the daily and annual greenhouse micro‐climates to provide a more in‐depth understanding of greenhouse ventilation demands. Results highlighted the impact of the outdoor wind speed and vent opening on greenhouse ventilation rates and temperatures, with a linear relationship between greenhouse ventilation rates and outdoor wind speed. The outdoor wind speed had little effect on the ventilation rate for reduced vent openings, while the indoor temperature decreased as outdoor wind speed increased. The average temperature in the greenhouse was observed to be greatly affected by wind speeds less than 3 m/s. Simultaneously, opening the greenhouse vent resulted in a fall in indoor temperatures, with openings less than 60% causing the greatest reduction, (the maximum temperature drift was determined as 9.33%).Practical ApplicationsWith the ability to conserve energy and reduce pollution, solar greenhouses are crucial to China's contribution and the global agricultural industry. Moreover, they are associated with improvements in the competitiveness of modern agriculture, particularly in the current era of rapidly increasing costs and pollution from fossil fuels and traditional energy. This study provides a basic reference for the natural ventilation of vents in the control of indoor air temperatures under dynamic solar thermal loads. The results can be used as a theoretical basis for the production management of solar greenhouses, and have an important practical significance for the subsequent automation and intelligent control of greenhouse environments.
How many hours do you sleep? A comparison of subjective and objective sleep duration measures in a sample of insomnia patients and good sleepers
Authors: Benz Fee , Riemann Dieter , Domschke Katharina , Spiegelhalder Kai , Johann Anna F. , Marshall Nathaniel S. , Feige Bernd 
Published: December 2022

SummaryOur objective was to assess the agreement and linear relationships amongst multiple measures of sleep duration in a sample of patients with insomnia disorder and good sleeper controls. We retrospectively analysed data from 123 patients with insomnia disorder and 123 age‐ and gender‐matched good sleeper controls who completed a simple subjective habitual sleep duration question (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), a sleep diary (5–14 days), 2 nights of polysomnography, and two corresponding morning subjective estimates of sleep duration. Descriptive statistics, linear regression analyses and Bland–Altman plots were used to describe the relationship and (dis)agreement between sleep duration measures. Relationships between polysomnography and the simple question as well as between polysomnography and sleep diary were weak to non‐existent. Subjective measures and polysomnography did not agree. Sleep duration measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index or sleep diary was about 2 hr above or up to 4 hr below polysomnography‐measured sleep duration. Patients with insomnia disorder, on average, reported shorter sleep duration compared with polysomnography, while good sleeper controls, on average, reported longer sleep duration compared with polysomnography. The results suggest that subjective and objective measures apparently capture different aspects of sleep, even when nominally addressing the same value (sleep duration). They disagree in both patients with insomnia disorder and good sleeper controls, but in different directions. Studies assessing sleep duration should take into account both the investigated population and the assessment method when interpreting results. Future studies should continue to investigate possible psychological and physiological correlates of sleep (mis)perception.
Christ's being and Summa Theologiae 3a Q17 art. 2
Authors: Ryan Dominic 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article argues that Summa Theologiae 3a Q17 art. 2 is consistent with the attribution of a proper being to Christ's human nature. It proceeds in three stages. First, it examines the emergence of the problem of Christ's being through an analysis of the Chalcedonian Decree. In so doing it argues that the decree commits its adherents to accepting that Christ's human nature was an individual nature and it shows how Aquinas used his account of natures and essences to interpret this. Second, it considers five objections to the view which denies a proper being to Christ's human nature. Third, it argues that Christ's individual human nature can possess a proper being because (i) esse does not render an individual nature a person and (ii) the character and function of the divine esse entails that it could not receive any new esse from the individual human nature Christ possesses.
High demand, high commitment work: What residential aged care staff actually do minute by minute: A participatory action study
Authors: Gibson Diane , Willis Eileen , Merrick Eamon , Redley Bernice , Bail Kasia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article explores staff work patterns in an Australian residential aged care facility and the implications for high‐quality care. Rarely available minute by minute, time and motion, and ethnographic data demonstrate that nurses and care staff engage in high degrees of multitasking and mental switching between residents. Mental switching occurs up to 18 times per hour (every 3 min); multitasking occurs on average for 37 min/h. Labor process theory is used to examine these outcomes and to explore the concepts of high demand and high commitment as core components of work intensification. These conditions of work result in high levels of cognitive burden and stress on staff in managing the multitasking and mental switching, exacerbated by lack of knowledge about residents associated with labor force casualization. These new interpretations of data in relation to mental and manual labor can contribute to understanding, and, therefore, problem solving, in the aged care sector.
Characterization and protein engineering of glycosyltransferases for the biosynthesis of diverse hepatoprotective cycloartane‐type saponins in Astragalus membranaceus
Authors: Chen Kuan , Zhang Meng , Gao Baihan , Hasan Aobulikasimu , Li Junhao , Bao Yang'oujie , Fan Jingjing , Yu Rong , Yi Yang , Ågren Hans , Wang Zilong , Liu Haiyang , Ye Min , Qiao Xue 
Published: December 2022

SummaryAlthough plant secondary metabolites are important source of new drugs, obtaining these compounds is challenging due to their high structural diversity and low abundance. The roots of Astragalus membranaceus are a popular herbal medicine worldwide. It contains a series of cycloartane‐type saponins (astragalosides) as hepatoprotective and antivirus components. However, astragalosides exhibit complex sugar substitution patterns which hindered their purification and bioactivity investigation. In this work, glycosyltransferases (GT) from A. membranaceus were studied to synthesize structurally diverse astragalosides. Three new GTs, AmGT1/5 and AmGT9, were characterized as 3‐O‐glycosyltransferase and 25‐O‐glycosyltransferase of cycloastragenol respectively. AmGT1G146V/I variants were obtained as specific 3‐O‐xylosyltransferases by sequence alignment, molecular modelling and site‐directed mutagenesis. A combinatorial synthesis system was established using AmGT1/5/9, AmGT1G146V/S and the reported AmGT8 and AmGT8A394F. The system allowed the synthesis of 13 astragalosides in Astragalus root with conversion rates from 22.6% to 98.7%, covering most of the sugar‐substitution patterns for astragalosides. In addition, AmGT1 exhibited remarkable sugar donor promiscuity to use 10 different donors, and was used to synthesize three novel astragalosides and ginsenosides. Glycosylation remarkably improved the hepatoprotective and SARS‐CoV‐2 inhibition activities for triterpenoids. This is one of the first attempts to produce a series of herbal constituents via combinatorial synthesis. The results provided new biocatalytic tools for saponin biosynthesis.
Spectral Mismatch Effect of Ultraviolet Radiometers in Actual UV‐C Measurement
Authors: Iwasa Yuki , Kinoshita Kenichi , Shitomi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe management of radiant exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, especially in the wavelength range from 100 nm to 280 nm (i.e. UV‐C), is important for virus inactivation or photobiological safety. Recently, many commercial UV radiometers have been used to measure UV‐C irradiance for industrial and public applications. The accuracy of the four types of commercial UV radiometers was investigated by comparing the reference irradiance values obtained from the spectral irradiance standard. It was found that the displayed values of the UV radiometers have discrepancies, such that the measured value can be more than twice the actual value in a certain case. The spectral mismatch between the calibration and test sources is a major factor in the discrepancies in the UV‐C measurements. With spectral mismatch correction, most corrected values show a tendency to improve the result to approaching the reference values within 20%. Users need to provide spectral information about the source and radiometer used for UV‐C measurement.
Self‐reported Side‐effects ofUltraviolet‐CDisinfection Devices
Authors: Adams Zoë , Bechlivanidis Christos , Osman Magda , O'Hagan John , Naldzhiev Dzhordzhio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic increased sales of portable UV‐C devices as a means of inactivating the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Research suggests that excessive UV‐C exposure to the eyes and skin can lead to side‐effects, primarily photokeratitis and erythema, but these findings are limited to case studies. This study explores self‐reported side‐effects of UV‐C devices by collating five waves of UK consumer survey data from April 2020–December 2021 (N = 26 864). 30%–46% of owners report a side‐effect after using a device claiming to emit UV‐C. However, detailed analysis of Wave 4 data (N = 309) highlights inconsistencies between reported and plausible side‐effect(s) associated with skin or eye exposure from UV‐C devices. Alternative explanations are considered, namely that the reported side‐effect(s) were psychosomatic or misattributed to direct exposure of UV‐C radiation. Data regarding awareness of warnings about device side‐effect(s) supports the misattribution explanation. For risk assessment purposes, limited reliable information about specific irritation or injury to the eye and skin was found from self‐reporting surveys. To optimize future data collection, we recommend addressing recall errors by: reducing the period under investigation, supplementing responses with empirical measures, and incentivizing respondents to provide accurate information about the make and model of the UV‐C device.
Organizational perspectives on digital labor market intermediaries
Authors: McDonald Steve , Damarin Amanda K. , Membrez‐Weiler Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDramatic changes in organizational forms and employee‐employer relationships have coincided with a proliferation of labor market intermediaries. Often digital and internet‐based, these new hiring technologies assist organizations in recruiting and screening potential job candidates. We identify three types of digital labor market intermediaries (dLMIs): connectors, curators, and comminglers. We examine the use of dLMIs through the lens of organizational theory, focusing on implications for organizational efficiency, power, and equity. dLMI use is patterned but variable across different organizations and has unintended outcomes that defy efficiency expectations. It poses new constraints for job seekers while allowing organizations and intra‐organizational groups to negotiate institutional pressures and power imbalances. Finally, dLMI use appears to reproduce pre‐existing inequalities among different types of employees.
Biosynthesis of dillapiole/apiole in dill (Anethum graveolens): characterization of regioselective phenylpropene O‐methyltransferase
Authors: Koeduka Takao , Watanabe Bunta , Shirahama Konomi , Nakayasu Masaru , Suzuki Shiro , Furuta Takumi , Suzuki Hideyuki , Matsui Kenji , Kosaka Tomoyuki , Ozaki Shin‐ichi 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYThe phenylpropene volatiles dillapiole and apiole impart one of the characteristic aromas of dill (Anethum graveolens) weeds. However, very few studies have been conducted to investigate the chemical composition of volatile compounds from different developmental stages and plant parts of A. graveolens. In this study, we examined the distribution of volatile phenylpropenes, including dillapiole, in dill plants at various developmental stages. We observed that young dill seedlings accumulate high levels of dillapiole and apiole, whereas a negligible proportion was found in the flowering plants and dry seeds. Based on transcriptomics and co‐expression approaches with phenylpropene biosynthesis genes, we identified dill cDNA encoding S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine‐dependent O‐methyltransferase 1 (AgOMT1), an enzyme that can convert 6‐ and 2‐hydroxymyristicin to dillapiole and apiole, respectively, via the methylation of the ortho‐hydroxy group. The AgOMT1 protein shows an apparent Km value of 3.5 μm for 6‐hydroxymyristicin and is 75% identical to the anise (Pimpinella anisum) O‐methyltransferase (PaAIMT1) that can convert isoeugenol to methylisoeugenol via methylation of the hydroxy group at the para‐position of the benzene ring. AgOMT1 showed a preference for 6‐hydroxymyristicin, whereas PaAIMT1 displayed a large preference for isoeugenol. In vitro mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that substituting only a few residues can substantially affect the substrate specificity of these enzymes. Other plants belonging to the Apiaceae family contained homologous O‐methyltransferase (OMT) proteins highly similar to AgOMT1, converting 6‐hydroxymyristicin to dillapiole. Our results indicate that apiaceous phenylpropene OMTs with ortho‐methylating activity evolved independently of phenylpropene OMTs of other plants and the enzymatic function of AgOMT1 and PaAIMT1 diverged recently.
New insights into the function of plant tannase with promiscuous acyltransferase activity
Authors: Chen Yifan , Jiang Changjuan , Yin Shixin , Zhuang Juhua , Zhao Yue , Zhang Lingjie , Jiang Xiaolan , Liu Yajun , Gao Liping , Xia Tao 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYPlant tannases (TAs) or tannin acyl hydrolases, a class of recently reported carboxylesterases in tannin‐rich plants, are involved in the degalloylation of two important groups of secondary metabolites: flavan‐3‐ol gallates and hydrolyzable tannins. In this paper, we have made new progress in studying the function of tea (Camellia sinensis) (Cs) TA—it is a hydrolase with promiscuous acyltransferase activity in vitro and in vivo and promotes the synthesis of simple galloyl glucoses and flavan‐3‐ol gallates in plants. We studied the functions of CsTA through enzyme analysis, protein mass spectrometry, and metabolic analysis of genetically modified plants. Firstly, CsTA was found to be not only a hydrolase but also an acyltransferase. In the two‐step catalytic reaction where CsTA hydrolyzes the galloylated compounds epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate or 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐galloyl‐β‐d‐glucose into their degalloylated forms, a long‐lived covalently bound Ser159‐linked galloyl–enzyme intermediate is also formed. Under nucleophilic attack, the galloyl group on the intermediate is transferred to the nucleophilic acyl acceptor (such as water, methanol, flavan‐3‐ols, and simple galloyl glucoses). Then, metabolic analysis suggested that transient overexpression of TAs in young strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits, young leaves of tea plants, and young leaves of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) actually increased the total contents of simple galloyl glucoses and flavan‐3‐ol gallates. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the promiscuous acyltransferase activity of plant TA.
Going broad and deep: sequencing‐driven insights into plant physiology, evolution, and crop domestication
Authors: Gui Songtao , Martinez‐Rivas Felix Juan , Wen Weiwei , Meng Minghui , Yan Jianbing , Usadel Björn , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYDeep sequencing is a term that has become embedded in the plant genomic literature in recent years and with good reason. A torrent of (largely) high‐quality genomic and transcriptomic data has been collected and most of this has been publicly released. Indeed, almost 1000 plant genomes have been reported (www.plabipd.de) and the 2000 Plant Transcriptomes Project has long been completed. The EarthBioGenome project will dwarf even these milestones. That said, massive progress in understanding plant physiology, evolution, and crop domestication has been made by sequencing broadly (across a species) as well as deeply (within a single individual). We will outline the current state of the art in genome and transcriptome sequencing before we briefly review the most visible of these broad approaches, namely genome‐wide association and transcriptome‐wide association studies, as well as the compilation of pangenomes. This will include both (i) the most commonly used methods reliant on single nucleotide polymorphisms and short InDels and (ii) more recent examples which consider structural variants. We will subsequently present case studies exemplifying how their application has brought insight into either plant physiology or evolution and crop domestication. Finally, we will provide conclusions and an outlook as to the perspective for the extension of such approaches to different species, tissues, and biological processes.
Optimal Energy Scheduling of Microgrid With Electric Vehicles Based on Electricity Market Price
Authors: Hai Tao , Alazzawi Ammar K. , Zhou Jincheng , Muranaka Tetsuya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Due to rising global energy demand and mounting environmental concerns associated with the widespread use of fossil fuels in conventional power plants, it is imperative that viable and cleaner energy sources are used. Here, virtually pollution-free renewable energy sources have replaced traditional fossil fuels as the go-to option for meeting the rising energy demand. This research article utilizes a new formulation for minimizing the total cost of a microgrid through a short-term operational strategy. Microgrids and demand-side management can improve the distribution network’s efficiency and reliability. To achieve this goal, this paper explores how to best schedule the uncertain operation of a microgrid including both renewable energy resources like wind turbines and photovoltaics, as well as dispatchable resources like fuel cells, microturbines, and electrical storage devices connected to charging stations for electric vehicles. Considering the unpredictability of wind power and solar power outputs, besides the behavior of plug-in electric vehicle owners in terms of plugging into the grid to inject or receive power, a stochastic programming-based framework is introduced for the operation of microgrids running in the grid-integrated mode. In this study, an innovative and effective optimization algorithm is employed, which is the modified manta ray foraging optimization algorithm, as a high-efficiency method for maximizing the microgrid efficiency. After applying the proposed method to a standard microgrid, the simulation results show how effective it is compared with other approaches.