bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Development of Novel Drug Delivery of Herbal Drugs
Authors: Singh Hardeep , Sharma Gauri 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
As plants are nature's panacea, mankind has used them for food and healing since the dawn of time. Currently, there are worldwide initiatives targeted at finding herbal treatments in plants and promoting them using a reliable drug delivery system for people. The fundamental idea underlying it is that each disease's cure can be found in nature. But the distribution of herbal medications also needs to be modified in order to promote patient compliance, achieve sustained discharge, etc.

Key Findings
Due to challenges with processing, standardisation, extraction, and identification, herbal medications traditionally could not convince scientists to modify novel drug delivery systems. Advanced approaches can be used to prevent toxicity, improve stability, increase the bioavailability of herbal formulations, and prevent physical and chemical deterioration. The various drug delivery systems indicated in this article are phytosomes, liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, microemulsions, niosomes, dendrimers, etc.

Summary
In order to enhance the delivery of herbal drugs by increasing their therapeutic benefits and reducing their toxicity, the need for innovative drug delivery systems has increased. This review provides information on numerous strategies used to increase the efficacy and safety of phytomedicines, as well as employing novel formulations.

Conclusion
By minimising toxicity and eliminating the need for repeated administration to overcome noncompliance, novel drug delivery systems increase therapeutic value. enhanced bioavailability, etc.
Early Prediction of Massive Transfusion for Patients With Traumatic Hemorrhage: Development of a Multivariable Machine Learning Model
Authors: Benjamin Andrew J. , Young Andrew J. , Holcomb John B. , Fox Erin E. , Wade Charles E. , Meador Chris , Cannon Jeremy W. 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
Develop a novel machine learning (ML) model to rapidly identify trauma patients with severe hemorrhage at risk of early mortality.

Background:
The critical administration threshold (CAT, 3 or more units of red blood cells in a 60-minute period) indicates severe hemorrhage and predicts mortality, whereas early identification of such patients improves survival.

Methods:
Patients from the PRospective, Observational, Multicenter, Major Trauma Transfusion and Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelet, and Plasma Ratio studies were identified as either CAT+ or CAT−. Candidate variables were separated into 4 tiers based on the anticipated time of availability during the patient’s assessment. ML models were created with the stepwise addition of variables and compared with the baseline performance of the assessment of blood consumption (ABC) score for CAT+ prediction using a cross-validated training set and a hold-out validation test set.

Results:
Of 1245 PRospective, Observational, Multicenter, Major Trauma Transfusion and 680 Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratio study patients, 1312 were included in this analysis, including 862 CAT+ and 450 CAT−. A CatBoost gradient-boosted decision tree model performed best. Using only variables available prehospital or on initial assessment (Tier 1), the ML model performed superior to the ABC score in predicting CAT+ patients [area under the receiver-operator curve (AUC = 0.71 vs 0.62)]. Model discrimination increased with the addition of Tier 2 (AUC = 0.75), Tier 3 (AUC = 0.77), and Tier 4 (AUC = 0.81) variables.

Conclusions:
A dynamic ML model reliably identified CAT+ trauma patients with data available within minutes of trauma center arrival, and the quality of the prediction improved as more patient-level data became available. Such an approach can optimize the accuracy and timeliness of massive transfusion protocol activation.
Nursing Interventions for Children with Atopic Dermatitis and Their Families
Authors: Kim Bomi , Choi Sunyeob 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize and synthesis studies about nursing interventions for children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis and their families.

Methods:
A scoping review was conducted and described as per PRISMA-ScR via four electronic databases, PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost, evaluating research on nursing interventions for children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and their families.

Results:
Eleven articles were included in the review. Nursing interventions were conducted for children, parents, or both and primarily focused on education, consultation, and management of complications. Outcomes of the interventions showed improvements in atopic dermatitis severity for children and enhanced quality of life for children and their families.

Clinical Implications:
Nursing interventions targeting children and parents have been found to be effective in alleviating the severity of atopic dermatitis in children and improving their quality of life. Despite the increasing prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children, studies on nursing interventions are insufficient and outdated. Future research should focus on providing comprehensive and age-appropriate interventions for children with atopic dermatitis and their families to improve their well-being and overall quality of life.
Salivary Gland Neoplasms With a Unique Trabecular Histology and MAML2 Translocation
Authors: Ahn Bokyung , Choi Seung-Ho , Kim Doeun , Kim Deokhoon , Cho Kyung-Ja 
Published: August 2023

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) are the most common salivary gland malignancy and have a diverse histology. Many histologic variants of MEC have now been confirmed with characteristic molecular alterations involving CRTC1::MAML2 or CRTC1::MAML3 translocations. We here report a series of 7 trabecular variants of MEC which showed a predominant trabecular or nested pattern with either focal glandular differentiation or clear cell change and keloid-like fibrosis in the background. In addition, these tumors were either negative or showed only focal positivity for p63. Such features are not characteristic of known disease entities and resulted in an initial misdiagnosis of adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, or low-grade to intermediate-grade MEC with uncertainty. The patients’ ages in our cohort ranged from 26 to 55 years with a female predominance (5/7). The tumors were located in the parotid gland (n=3), base of tongue (n=2), hard palate (n=1), and parapharyngeal space (n=1), with a median size of 1.5 cm. All 7 cases showed an MAML2 split pattern on fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, and both RNA and whole-genome sequencing presented CRTC1::MAML2 translocation. All 7 cases showed a solid-predominant histology, and 3 cases displayed extracapsular extension. There were no other signs of high-grade histology and no recurrences or deaths occurred over a follow-up period of up to 79 months. We thus propose a unique trabecular variant of MEC that has atypical histologic and immunohistochemical features.
Long-term Results of Totally Laparoscopic Near-total Gastrectomy for Middle-third Gastric Cancer
Authors: Vu Tuan Anh Nguyen , Duy Long Vo , Lam Vuong Nguyen , Viet Hai Nguyen , Le Minh Quoc Ho , Quang Dat Tran , Quang Thong Dang , Thuy Nguyen Doan , Hoang Bac Nguyen , Trung Tin Nguyen 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
In recent years, laparoscopic near-total gastrectomy (LnTG) has emerged as a surgical option for gastric cancer in the middle-third of the stomach. However, its application in locally advanced stages presents technical challenges. This study aims to provide a detailed analysis of the operative outcomes and long-term functional and oncological results of totally LnTG in combination with D2 lymphadenectomy for middle-third gastric cancer.

Patients and Method:
A prospective study was conducted on 79 patients who underwent totally LnTG and D2 lymphadenectomy for middle-third gastric cancer between January 2017 and December 2021. Short-term outcomes included operative characteristics, and the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux and gastric remnant condition using endoscopy based on the Los Angeles (LA) and Residue-Gastritis-Bile classifications. Long-term oncological outcomes included overall survival and disease-free survival.

Results:
Totally LnTG was successfully performed in 98.7% of patients without intraoperative complications or conversions to laparotomy. The mean operation time was 202.2±43.0 min, and the median blood loss was 50 (50;100) mL. The overall incidence of postoperative morbidities was 16.5%, with one patient experiencing a narrowing of the gastrojejunostomy, successfully treated by endoscopic balloon dilation. All patients had tumor-free resection margins, and there were no mortalities. The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 80% and 55%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Totally LnTG is an effective and feasible approach for gastric cancer in the middle-third of the stomach, yielding favorable short-term outcomes and acceptable long-term results. Routine application of totally LnTG for middle-third gastric cancer is practical and promising.
TAPSE, Tissue Doppler Systolic annular velocity(S’) and myocardial performance Index (MPI) as a predictor of proximal RCA occlusion in acute inferior wall myocardial ST elevation infarction
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Meena Chandra Bhan , Babbar Navida , Mahla Himanshu , Sharma Shashi Mohan , Bagarhatta Rajeev , Agrawal V.V. , Pathak Vijay , Maheshwari Deepak , Shekhawat Dhananjay , Ankita  
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesAssessment of RV function to predict proximal RCA stenosis and identification of higher-risk patients in IWMI by echocardiographic parameters.Study designTwo-arm, single-center cross-sectional study in SMS medical college and Hospital Jaipur.MethodsWe enrolled 67 patients with first episode of acute IWMI within 24 hours of symptom onset. TAPSE, S’, and MPI were measured. Within one month, patients underwent coronary angiogram or intervention. Based on angiographic findings patients divided into group A (significant proximal RCA stenosis) and group B (without significant proximal RCA stenosis).Results25 patients were in group A and 42 in group B. RV involvement was significant among patients with proximal RCA stenosis. A significantly low SBP, DBP, HR, and raised JVP, NT-pro BNP, Troponin I with ST elevation V4R, RV diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmia, and underwent intervention were found among the group with proximal RCA stenosis.Patients with proximal RCA stenosis had significantly low TAPSE-M, ET-PW, ET by TDI, S’, E’, RVFAC, and high MPI by PW, IRT by TDI, ICT by TDI, MPI by TDI on ECHO.Sensitivity to detect proximal RCA stenosis by TAPSE-M mode 92%, MPI by TDI 88%, and 100% specificity by S’ by TDI < 10 cm/s, MPI by TDI, and ST elevation V4R.ConclusionEchocardiographic assessment of RV parameters like TAPSE, S’ velocity, and MPI are useful in predicting proximal RCA as infarct-related artery in IWMI. Patients with proximal RCA stenosis had raised JVP, NT-proBNP, Troponin I, ST elevation V4R, RV diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmia and underwent intervention.
Effects of Benzodiazepine Exposure on Real-World Clinical Outcomes in Individuals at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Livingston Nicholas R. , De Micheli Andrea , McCutcheon Robert , Butler Emma , Hamdan Marwa , Grace Anthony A. , McGuire Philip , Egerton Alice , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Modinos Gemma 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnimal models indicate GABAergic dysfunction in the development of psychosis, and that benzodiazepine (BDZ) exposure can prevent the emergence of psychosis-relevant phenotypes. However, whether BDZ exposure influences the risk of psychosis in humans is unknown.MethodsThis observational-cohort study used electronic health record data from 818 individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) to investigate whether BDZ exposure (including hypnotics e.g., zopiclone) reduces the risk of developing psychosis and adverse clinical outcomes. Cox proportional-hazards models were employed in both the whole-unmatched sample, and a propensity score matched (PSM) subsample.Results567 CHR-P individuals were included after data cleaning (105 BDZ-exposed, 462 BDZ-unexposed). 306 (54%) individuals were male, and the mean age was 22.3 years (SD 4.9). The BDZ-exposed and BDZ-unexposed groups differed on several demographic and clinical characteristics, including psychotic symptom severity. In the whole-unmatched sample, BDZ exposure was associated with increased risk of transition to psychosis (HR=1.61; 95%CI:1.03-2.52;P=0.037), psychiatric hospital admission (HR=1.93; 95%CI:1.13-3.29;P=0.017), home visit (HR=1.64; 95%CI:1.18-2.28;P=0.004), and A&E attendance (HR=1.88; 95%CI:1.31-2.72;P<0.001). However, after controlling for confounding-by-indication through PSM, BDZ exposure did not modulate the risk of any outcomes (allP>0.05). In analysis restricted to antipsychotic-naïve individuals, BDZ exposurereducedthe risk of transition to psychosis at trend-level (HR=0.59; 95%CI:0.32-1.08;P=0.089).ConclusionsBDZ exposure in CHR-P individuals was not associated with a reduction in the risk of psychosis transition or other adverse clinical outcomes. Results in the whole-unmatched sample suggest BDZ prescription may be more likely in CHR-P individuals with higher symptom severity.
Radiologically Visible Intraspinal Air Was Very Common After Epidural Access Attempts Among Our Peripartum Patients Who Had Undergone Radiological Examinations
Authors: Gupta Deepak 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of intracranial air after neuraxial access attempts was recently quantified. Therefore, the incidence of intraspinal air after neuraxial access attempts needs to be quantified.ObjectiveTo ascertain how common was radiologically visible intraspinal air per computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MR) of spine among our peripartum patients.MethodsFor a seven-year period (July 1, 2015-June 30, 2022), medical records of our peripartum patients who had undergone CT/MR of spine were retrospectively reviewed to rule out the presence of recent neuraxial access attempts before their radiological examinations of spine. Concurrently, those radiological examinations of spine were reviewed to rule out the presence of radiologically visible intraspinal air.ResultsAmong 27 peripartum patients who had undergone CT/MR of spine during the seven-year period, 24 peripartum patients had received recent neuraxial access attempts prior to their radiological examinations wherein 25% had radiologically visible intraspinal air. However, as none of the spinal-only access patients had radiologically visible intraspinal air, intraspinal air was radiologically visible among 32% patients who had recent epidural access attempts.ConclusionRadiologically visible intraspinal air was very common after epidural access attempts among our peripartum patients who had undergone radiological examinations.
Polygenic Risk Score Improves Prediction of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Onset in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study
Authors: Singh Rishabh K. , Zhao Yan , Elze Tobias , Fingert John , Gordon Mae , Kass Michael A. , Luo Yuyang , Pasquale Louis R. , Scheetz Todd , Segrè Ayellet V. , Wiggs Janey L. , Zebardast Nazlee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective or PurposePrimary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a highly heritable disease with 127 identified risk loci. Polygenic risks score (PRS) offers a measure of aggregate genetic burden. In this study, we assess whether PRS improves risk stratification in patients with ocular hypertension.DesignA post-hoc analysis of the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) data.Setting, Participants, and/or Controls1636 participants were followed from 1994 to 2020 across 22 sites. The PRS was computed for 1009 OHTS participants using summary statistics from largest cross-ancestry POAG metanalysis with weights trained using 8,813,496 variants from 488,395 participants in the UK Biobank.Methods, Interventions, or TestingSurvival regression analysis, with endpoint as development of POAG, predicted disease onset from PRS incorporating baseline covariates.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcome measures were hazard ratios for POAG onset. Concordance index and time-dependent AUC were used to compare the predictive performance of multivariable Cox-Proportional Hazards models.ResultsMean PRS was significantly higher for POAG-converters (0.24 ± 0.95) than for non-converters (- 0.12 ± 1.00) (p < 0.01). POAG risk increased 1.36% with each higher PRS decile, with conversion ranging from 9.5% in the lowest PRS decile to 21.8% in the highest decile. Comparison of low-and high-risk PRS tertiles showed a 1.8-fold increase in 20-year POAG risk for participants of European and African ancestries (p<0.01). In the subgroup randomized to delayed treatment, each increase in PRS decile was associated with a 0.52-year decrease in age at diagnosis, (p=0.05). No significant linear relationship between PRS and age at POAG diagnosis was present in the early treatment group. Prediction models significantly improved with the addition of PRS as a covariate (C-index = 0.77) compared to OHTS baseline model (C-index=0.75) (p<0.01). One standard deviation higher PRS conferred a mean hazard ratio of 1.25 (CI=[1.13, 1.44]) for POAG onset.ConclusionsHigher PRS is associated with increased risk for, and earlier development of POAG in patients with ocular hypertension. Early treatment may mitigate the risk from high genetic burden, delaying clinically detectable disease by up to 5.2 years. The inclusion of a PRS improves the prediction of POAG onset.
Non-invasive Imaging Techniques for Monitoring Cellular Response to Treatment in Stable Vitiligo
Authors: Shiu Jessica , Lentsch Griffin , Polleys Christopher M. , Mobasher Pezhman , Ericson Marissa , Georgakoudi Irene , Ganesan Anand K , Balu Mihaela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPunch grafting procedures, where small pieces of normal skin are transplanted into stable vitiligo patches, results in repigmentation in only half of patients treated, yet the factors that determine whether a patient responds to treatment or not are still unknown. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is adept at visualizing melanocyte migration and epidermal changes over large areas while multiphoton microscopy (MPM) can capture metabolic changes in keratinocytes. With the overall goal of identifying optical biomarkers for early treatment response, we followed 12 vitiligo lesions undergoing punch grafting. Dendritic melanocytes adjacent to the graft site were observed before clinical evidence of repigmentation in treatment responsive patients but not in treatment non-responsive patients, suggesting that the early visualization of melanocytes is indicative of a therapeutic response. Keratinocyte metabolic changes in vitiligo skin adjacent to the graft site also correlated with treatment response, indicating that a keratinocyte microenvironment that more closely resembles normal skin is more hospitable for migrating melanocytes. Taken together, these studies suggest that successful melanocyte transplantation requires both the introduction of new melanocytes and modulation of the local tissue microenvironment.
Priority healthcare needs amongst people experiencing homelessness in Dublin, Ireland: a qualitative evaluation of community expert experiences and opinions
Authors: Ingram Carolyn , MacNamara Isobel , Buggy Conor , Perrotta Carla 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTIn light of evidence that housing-related disparities in mortality are worsening over time, this study aimed to explore the perspectives of experts working in homeless health and addiction services on priority healthcare needs amongst people experiencing homelessness in Dublin, Ireland, a city facing problematic increases in homelessness. As part of a larger qualitative study, a series of semi-structured interviews were carried out with 19 community experts followed by inductive thematic framework analysis to identify emergent themes and sub-themes relating to priority healthcare needs. At the societal level, community experts identified a need to promote a culture that values health equity. At the policy level, accelerating action in addressing health inequalities was recommended with an emphasis on strategic planning, Housing First, social support options, interagency collaboration, improved data linkage and sharing, and auditing. At the health services level, removing barriers to access will require the provision of more and safer mental health, addiction, women-centred, and general practice services; resolved care pathways in relation to crisis points and multi-morbidity; expanded trauma-informed education and training and hospital-led Inclusion Health programmes; and outreach programmes and peer support for chronic disease management. The voices of people experiencing homelessness, including representatives from specific homeless groups such as migrants, youth, and the elderly, must be thoroughly embedded into health and social service design and delivery to facilitate impactful change.
Defense mechanism of a bacterial retron supramolecular assembly
Authors: Wang Yanjing , Wang Chen , Guan Zeyuan , Cao Jie , Xu Jia , Wang Shuangshuang , Cui Yongqing , Wang Qiang , Chen Yibei , Zhang Delin , Sun Ming , Tao Pan , Zou Tingting 
Published: August 2023

SummaryRetrons are a class of multigene antiphage defense system typically consisting of a retron reverse transcriptase, a non-coding RNA, and a cognate effector. Although the triggers for several retron systems have been discovered recently, the full picture of how retron systems sense invading phages and mediate defense remains to be elucidated. Here, we focus on the retron Ec86 defense system and report its modes of activation and action. We identified a phage-encoded DNA cytosine methyltransferase (Dcm) as the trigger of the Ec86 system and show that Ec86 senses msDNA methylation and becomes activated. We further determined the structure of a tripartite retron Ec86 supramolecular assembly, which is primed for activation by Dcm, and demonstrated that the activated system confers defense through depletion of nucleoside derivatives. These findings emphasize the role of retrons being a second line of defense and highlight an emerging theme of anti-phage defense through supramolecular complex assemblies.
Optimal transport for mapping senescent cells in spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Nguyen Nam D. , Rosas Lorena , Khaliullin Timur , Jiang Peiran , Hasanaj Euxhen , Ovando Jose A. , Bueno Marta , Konigshoff Melanie , Eickelberg Oliver , Rojas Mauricio , Mora Ana L. , Lugo-Martinez Jose , Bar-Joseph Ziv 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpatial transcriptomics (ST) provides a unique opportunity to study cellular organization and cell-cell interactions at the molecular level. However, due to the low resolution of the sequencing data additional information is required to utilize this technology, especially for cases where only a few cells are present for important cell types. To enable the use of ST to study senescence we developed scDOT, which combines ST and single cell RNA-Sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to improve the ability to reconstruct single cell resolved spatial maps. scDOT integrates optimal transport and expression deconvolution to learn non-linear couplings between cells and spots and to infer cell placements. Application of scDOT to existing and new lung ST data improves on prior methods and allows the identification of the spatial organization of senescent cells, the identification of their neighboring cells and the identification of novel genes involved in cell-cell interactions that may be driving senescence.