bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Data‐Centric System Architecture Model Development Process Emphasizing Rapid Tempo and Quality
Authors: Swickline Chris , Jugovic Heidi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor years the system engineering community has been armed with Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) and a host of vendor provided tools to facilitate requirements, architecture and design development. Nonetheless, teams repeatedly struggle to apply MBSE in part because they do not have a method to complement the language and the tools. This paper seeks to offer elements of method focusing on process, a powerful style to enable teamwork in a model, and set of flexible approaches to guide work which is consistent with that style. This paper focuses on an easy to use process for building a System Architecture Model (SAM), allowing for tailoring to meet program‐specific needs. The paper identifies and encourages the use of a variety of SAM development approaches which are focused on the themes of data centricity, consistency, commonality in style, and efficiently creating content that will answer most engineering questions related to architecture. This process is implemented in SysML as a “One Page Process”, and made openly available for download. Furthermore, automated validation via a rules‐based engine is leveraged to catch and correct defects nearly as quickly as they are generated as well as scale SAM development across a large diverse team of contributors. By leveraging and tailoring this process to meet program needs, one may improve the quality, development tempo, and rigor of their SAM.
Prioritization of Best Practices in the Implementation of Model‐Based Systems Engineering
Authors: Ploeg Cacia , Lai Kimberly , Olechowski Alison 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModel‐based systems engineering (MBSE) is a form of systems engineering that is reported to lead to many benefits; yet few companies have successfully implemented MBSE, partly due to a predominance of guidance for adoption that does not recognize differences in organizational context. This paper uses a combination of a literature review and semi‐structured interviews to evaluate the hypothesis that the applicability of best practices varies on a case‐by‐case basis due to factors such as company size, industry, and location. A list of best practices is compiled from existing works and validated with interviews, ultimately resulting in a more complete and accurate list of best practices, along with a recommendation that each company should uniquely assess their circumstances and prioritize this list of best practices accordingly. The findings presented in this paper provide improved guidance towards the use of best practices for successful MBSE implementation.
The WHO abortion care guideline: Law and policy—Past, present, and future
Authors: Erdman Joanna N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the 2022 Abortion Care Guideline, the World Health Organization (WHO) undertook systematic evidence reviews of seven law and policy interventions to assess their health and social impacts. Distinct recommendations were formulated for each. The present article highlights how the Guideline reconceptualizes abortion regulation as a complex structural intervention that shapes clinical care and service delivery and distributes risks and resources within these systems and in the care relations that define them. It then presents the Guideline recommendations and summarizes their evidence base, drawing on recent legal and policy developments to emphasize their real‐world significance. The article concludes by anticipating the future of abortion law and policy, focusing on service delivery innovations and diverse care models, drug regulation and the supply of abortion pills, and protective interventions crafted in the context of political crisis and immediate need that serve policy objectives and take regulatory forms different from the past.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Brexpiprazole to Support its Indication and Dose Selection in Adolescents With Schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Yanlin , Wang Xiaofeng , Larsen Frank , Cahill Dana , Zoubroulis Argie , Ward Caroline , Kohegyi Eva , Raoufinia Arash 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDue to the customary delay between medication approvals in adult and adolescent populations, adolescents with schizophrenia may receive off‐label antipsychotic treatment, without empirically justified dosing recommendations. In order to accelerate pediatric drug development, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a general advice letter to sponsors permitting the effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults to be extrapolated to adolescents based on a pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis to support dose selection, plus a safety study. The aim of the present article is to describe the population PK analysis that was submitted to the FDA to inform brexpiprazole dose selection in adolescents with schizophrenia. Using a population PK model with brexpiprazole clearance and volume of distribution allometrically scaled by body weight, PK simulations showed comparable brexpiprazole dose–exposure between adults and adolescents aged 13‐17 years following oral daily doses of brexpiprazole 1‐4 mg, indicating that the target brexpiprazole dose of 2‐4 mg/day in adults with schizophrenia is also suitable for adolescents. Based on this population PK analysis, together with a safety study in adolescents, the FDA approved brexpiprazole for the treatment of schizophrenia in adolescents aged 13‐17 years, via extrapolation of the efficacy of brexpiprazole from adults to adolescents.
The effect of obesity on uterine receptivity is mediated by endometrial extracellular vesicles that control human endometrial stromal cell decidualization and trophoblast invasion
Authors: Galio Laurent , Bernet Laetitia , Rodriguez Yoann , Fourcault Camille , Dieudonné Marie‐Noëlle , Pinatel Hélène , Henry Céline , Sérazin Valérie , Fathallah Khadija , Gagneux Anissa , Krupova Zuzana , Vialard François , Santos Esther Dos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe objectives of the present study were to determine whether obesity impacts human decidualization and the endometrial control of trophoblast invasion (both of which are required for embryo implantation) and evaluate the potential involvement of endometrial extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the regulation of these physiological processes. Using primary human cell cultures, we first demonstrated that obesity is associated with significantly lower in vitro decidualization of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). We then showed that a trophoblastic cell line's invasive ability was greater in the presence of conditioned media from cultures of ESCs from obese women. The results of functional assays indicated that supplementation of the culture medium with EVs from nonobese women can rescue (at least in part) the defect in in vitro decidualization described in ESCs from obese women. Furthermore, exposure to endometrial EVs from obese women (vs. nonobese women) was associated with significantly greater invasive activity by HTR‐8/SVneo cells. Using mass‐spectrometry‐based quantitative proteomics, we found that EVs isolated from uterine supernatants of biopsies from obese women (vs. nonobese women) presented a molecular signature focused on cell remodelling and angiogenesis. The proteomics analysis revealed two differentially expressed proteins (fibronectin and angiotensin‐converting enzyme) that might be involved specifically in the rescue of the decidualization capacity in ESCs from obese women; both of these proteins are abundantly present in endometrial EVs from nonobese women, and both are involved in the decidualization process. In conclusion, our results provided new insights into the endometrial EVs’ pivotal role in the poor uterine receptivity observed in obese women.
Apoptosis pathways and osteoporosis: An approach to genomic analysis
Authors: Huang Hsiao‐Ling , Wu Chung‐Ken , Wu Dai‐Jia , Liu Wen‐Hsiu , Lee Ying‐Shiung , Wu Chi‐Ling 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundOsteoporosis is a disease of the bone system that causes a decrease in skeletal density and degrades skeletal tissue. Decreased bone quality, so that bones are easily broken, damaged and fractured, is an important public health problem. Previous studies have shown that the maintenance of adult bone mass is not only due to changes in bone marrow and bone cells. By regulating apoptosis, they change the lifespan of each individual. This study influences understanding of the function of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and the importance of controlling the mechanisms of osteoporosis.MethodsOn the National Institute of Biotechnology Information website, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray data and GSE551495 GEO profiles were collected. The gene set enrichment analysis tool was used to confirm the enrichment of genetic sets in relation to the gene set. The collection of C2 gene sets is compiled from the KEGG (https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/search.jsp and https://www.kegg.jp/kegg/) online database and REACTOME (https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/search.jsp and https://reactome.org/) pathway analysis. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interaction Genes (STRING) website was used to construct and select proteins and genes. The comparative toxicological genomic database (CTD) tools can be used to predict the relationship between apoptosis, osteoporosis‐related genes and interactions between central genes and osteoporosis.ResultsThese results generally expand our understanding of the path of apoptosis in osteoporosis. We have discovered genes CASP9, CASP8, CASP3, BAX and TP53 associated with osteoporosis. In activation of KEGG apoptosis and REACTOME, caspase activation through the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is characterized by the identification of a subcollection of C2. Other STRINGs show the formation of protein networks and central gene selection, and CTD can accurately predict the relationship between these apoptosis pathways and central genes.ConclusionsOur research has highlighted the importance of the osteoporosis pathway associated with osteoporosis apoptosis with several analytical approaches. These results have broadened our understanding of the pathways of osteoporosis apoptosis. It is particularly possible to predict the sensitivity and vulnerability to osteoporosis.
Arginine Methylation Regulates Self‐Assembly of Peptides
Authors: Song Jinyan , Mo Xiaowei , Liu Xin , Hu Binbin , Zhang Zeyu , Yu Zhilin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBio‐inspired design of peptides represents one facile strategy for development of supramolecular monomers for self‐assembly into well‐defined nanostructures. Inspired by methylation of arginine during post‐translational modification for manipulating protein functions, herein, the controllable self‐assembly of peptides via rational incorporation of methylated arginine residues into bola‐amphiphilic peptides is reported. A series of bola‐amphiphilic peptides are designed and synthesized either containing natural arginine or methylated arginine and investigate the influence of arginine methylation on peptide assembly. This study finds that incorporation of symmetrically di‐methylated arginine into oppositely charged hexapeptide hex‐SDMAE leads to distinct assembling performance compare to natural peptide hex‐RE. The findings demonstrate that the methylation of rationally designed peptide sequences allows for regulation of self‐assembly of peptides, thus implying the great potential of arginine methylation in establishing controllable peptide assembling systems and creating in situ formulation of biomedical materials in the future.
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Projections to the Pedunculopontine Nucleus Modulate Dyskinesia
Authors: Hu Yong , Ma Thong C. , Alberico Stephanie L. , Ding Yunmin , Jin Lingjing , Kang Un Jung 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term use of levodopa for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment is often hindered by development of motor complications, including levodopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID). The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and globus pallidus internal segment (GPi) are the output nuclei of the basal ganglia. Dysregulation of SNr and GPi activity contributes to PD pathophysiology and LID.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether direct modulation of SNr GABAergic neurons and SNr projections to the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) regulates PD symptoms and LID in a mouse model.MethodsWe expressed Cre‐recombinase activated channelrhodopsin‐2 (ChR2) or halorhodopsin adeno‐associated virus‐2 (AAV2) vectors selectively in SNr GABAergic neurons of Vgat‐IRES‐Cre mice in a 6‐hydroxydopamine model of PD to investigate whether direct optogenetic modulation of SNr neurons or their projections to the PPN regulates PD symptoms and LID expression. The forepaw stepping task, mouse LID rating scale, and open‐field locomotion were used to assess akinesia and LID to test the effect of SNr modulation.ResultsAkinesia was improved by suppressing SNr neuron activity with halorhodopsin. LID was significantly reduced by increasing SNr neuronal activity with ChR2, which did not interfere with the antiakinetic effect of levodopa. Optical stimulation of ChR2 in SNr projections to the PPN recapitulated direct SNr stimulation.ConclusionsModulation of SNr GABAergic neurons alters akinesia and LID expression in a manner consistent with the rate model of basal ganglia circuitry. Moreover, the projections from SNr to PPN likely mediate the antidyskinetic effect of increasing SNr neuronal activity, identifying a potential novel role for the PPN in LID. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Endowment building and use by nonprofits: An integration of theory and practice
Authors: Ely Todd L. , Katz Juniper , Calabrese Thad D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper explores issues concerning endowment building, endowment management, and the general perceptions of endowment through the views of leaders of nonprofits that built an endowment. We find that endowment is generally considered meaningful to nonprofit leaders when it provides at least 5% of an organization's annual budget. The initiative for building endowment largely comes from boards of directors, executive directors, or some combination of both. However, external actors—especially foundations—play critical roles. The source of funds for endowments mostly come from major gifts including bequests, even though these gifts often were not solicited. Endowments serve a range of functions for organizations and do seem to alter organizational behavior and outcomes as suggested by the existing literature. Endowment aids organizational sustainability by supporting some reasonable level of annual operating costs. Many nonprofits use the flexibility and freeing up of resources provided by endowment funds for innovation, program enhancement, capacity building, and risk taking. For better or worse, endowments become a key part of a virtuous cycle of legitimacy where the nonprofits' accomplishments, relationships, and reputation attract resources to support activities in perpetuity, thus creating a more capable, stable, and accomplished organization to which additional support is more easily drawn.
Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated PVA‐MC Blends: A Systematic Approach To Understand Its Properties For Food Packaging Applications
Authors: Amrutha N. R. , Dhale Mohan A. , Job Ahina , Divyalakshmi K. , Jeevan Prasad Reddy D. , Keshava Murthy P. S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHither‐to‐unknown one‐pot method for the synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate (AgNO3) through uncross‐linked and cross‐linked polyvinyl alcohol/methyl cellulose (PVA/MC) blend using solution casting method is discussed in detail. The formed films were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analyzed for its physical, mechanical, biodegradable and antibacterial properties (particle size, water vapour transmission rate, water contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV‐Vis spectroscopy and migration). SEM and TEM results indicated that the formation of silver nanoparticles are spherical in shape as well as nano in size. FTIR spectroscopic analysis indicates the existence of hydrogen bonds in cross‐linked blend and complex of silver (Ag) in uncross‐linked blend. Further, enhanced mechanical, water barrier, and thermal properties are observed for the films containing AgNPs. Antibacterial test by disc diffusion method showed that, uncross‐linked and cross‐linked blend with AgNPs have more inhibition (mm) against L. Monocytogenes (10.33), Klebsiella (9.67) (Gram‐positive) and Salmonella (9.33), E. Coli (8.33) (Gram‐negative) strains respectively. Migration studies demonstrated that the developed films could be suitable for fatty food packaging.
Cyanide Recognition and Phase‐Selective Removal of Toxic Cationic Dyes from Water Using a New Naphthalimide‐coupled Poly (aryl ether) Gelator
Authors: Ghosh Subhasis , Ghosh Kumaresh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the work, a new naphthalimide‐linked poly(aryl ether) gelator 1 has been designed and synthesized. It forms gels in various organic and aquous organic solvents and exhibits aggregation‐induced enhancement of emission (AIEE) through the tuning of gelling solvent. Gels are of good viscoelastic nature showing higher magnitude of G′ over G′′ and exhibit fibrous morphology. Among the different gels, DMSO : H2O (7 : 3, v/v) gel with considerable rigidity selectively detects CN− over the other anions via deprotonation mechanism and involves a gel‐to‐sol colour change. In addition, n‐butanol : H2O (9 : 2, v/v) gel shows the same property. The water in gelling medium has the pertinent role in anion recognition selectivity, aggregation and AIEE. While in solution F− interferes in CN− sensing, there is no interference of it in the gel state. Besides sensing, n‐butanol gel of 1 removes the toxic cationic dyes from wastewater to the extent of 98–99 % in phase selective manner.
Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Separation Genistein from the Extract ofFlemingia philippinensisMerr. et Rolfe
Authors: Zhang Gaorong , Wei Yunjiao , Lu Junyu , Cao Lixian , Wei Zheng , Lai Hongfang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, a kind of genistein magnetic imprinted polymers (Gen‐MMIPs) was successfully synthesized via surface molecular imprinting technique, in which genistein (Gen) and Fe3O4were used as the template molecule and the carrier, respectively. The obtained Gen‐MMIPs were characterized by TEM, VSM, FT‐IR, and XRD. The adsorption capacity of Gen‐MMIPs for Gen is 33.23 mg/g, with the kinetic adsorption of Gen‐MMIPs reaching equilibrium in 30 min. The imprinting factor (α) is 2.15, which indicated that the Gen‐MMIPs had good selectivity, high binding capacity. The Gen‐MMIPs were evaluated to separate genistein from the crude sample ofFlemingia philippinensisMerr. et Rolfe, which showed that the Gen‐MMIPs can be applied to separate genistein from complicated samples of natural products. These results indicated that the Gen‐MMIPs have great potential for efficient separation and enrichment of genistein in complicated samples.
The octopus that shrank: A historical analysis of how multinationals address policy and contractual uncertainty in a global value chain
Authors: Bucheli Marcelo , Ciravegna Luciano , Sáenz Luis Felipe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryWe analyze how the evolution of the broad institutional environment influences the vertical integration strategy of a multinational corporation (MNC) leading a global value chain (GVC). We develop a history‐to‐theory study based on the evolution of the banana GVC between 1899 and 1991. We argue that when a MNC's bargaining power vis‐à‐vis the host government is strong, it will choose a governance structure that addresses contractual uncertainty. When the MNC's bargaining power declines because of changes in the institutional environment, it will prioritize a governance structure that protects its assets. We analyze the evolution of MNC's bargaining power as a result of the interaction of three levels of the institutional environment: global, home country, and host country.Managerial SummaryOur study examines vertical integration decisions in a global value chain (GVC) throughout its historical evolution. Using historical sources, we show that when MNC managers perceive their bargaining power to be sufficient to protect them from hostile government actions in host countries, their main concern is that of governing their activities as efficiently as possible by amongst others vertically integrating asset‐specific transactions. When their bargaining power declines, MNCs become more concerned with shielding their assets and rents from expropriations by host‐country governments, thus retreating from vertical integration. We illustrate that the bargaining power of MNCs changes as events at the global, home, and host country levels unfold. For example, MNCs' bargaining power declines in periods featuring economic nationalism, such as the 1960s–1970s.
In Situ Loading of Cu Nanocrystals on CsCuCl3 for Selective Photoreduction of CO2 to CH4
Authors: Zhao Hai‐Bing , Huang Jia‐Nan , Qin Qi , Chen Hong‐Yan , Kuang Dai‐Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRational design and facile synthesis of efficient environmentally friendly all‐inorganic lead‐free halide perovskite catalysts are of great significance in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Aiming at photogenerated charge carrier separation and CO2 reaction dynamics, in this paper, a CsCuCl3/Cu nanocrystals (NCs) heterojunction catalyst is designed and synthesized via a simple acid‐etching solution process by using Cu2O as the sacrificed template. Due to the disproportionation reaction of Cu2O induced by concentrated hydrochloric acid, Cu NCs can be deposited onto the surface of CsCuCl3 microcrystals directly and tightly. As revealed by photoelectrochemical analysis, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectra, etc., the Cu NCs contribute a lot to extracting photoelectrons of CsCuCl3 to improve the charge separation efficiency, regulating the CO2 adsorption and activation, and also stabilizing the reaction intermediates. Therefore, CsCuCl3/Cu heterojunction exhibits a total electron consumption rate of 58.77 µmol g−1 h−1, which is 2.9‐fold of that of single CsCuCl3. Moreover, high CH4 selectivity of up to 92.7% is achieved, which is much higher than that of CsCuCl3 (50.4%) and most lead‐free halide perovskite‐based catalysts. This work provides an ingenious but simple strategy to rationally design cocatalysts in situ decorated perovskite catalysts for manipulating both the catalytic activity and the product selectivity.