bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting towards optimized healthy and sustainable Dutch diets: impact on protein quality
Authors: Heerschop Samantha N. , Kanellopoulos Argyris , Biesbroek Sander , van ‘t Veer Pieter 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To reduce the environmental impact of Western diets, a reduction of meat consumption and a substitution by plant-based protein sources is needed. This protein transition will affect the quantity and quality of dietary protein. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protein adequacy of diets optimized for nutritional health and diet-related greenhouse gas emission (GHGE).

Methods
Data from 2150 adult participants of the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey were used, with diet assessed using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Utilizable protein of current diets per day was based on meal composition and the Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score and was compared to protein requirements. Optimized diets were derived as linear combinations of current diets that minimized GHGE and maximized the Dutch Healthy Diet 2015 score, with/without constraints to keep dietary change within 33% of current consumption. Protein adequacy was evaluated in both current and optimized diets.

Results
In all age and gender strata, the healthiest diets had higher GHGE, the most sustainable diets had the lowest dietary quality, though higher than current diets, and protein adequacy remained sufficient. When limiting dietary change to 33% of current consumption, in the most promising trade-off diet GHGE was reduced by 12–16%. The current diet provided 1.4–2.2 times the required amount of utilizable protein.

Conclusion
These results suggest that a realistic aim for the next decade might be to reduce diet-related GHGE to 12–16% of the current levels without compromising protein adequacy and diet quality. To achieve global targets, upstream food system transformations are needed with subsequent dietary changes.
Using NMR solvent relaxation to determine the Hansen solubility parameters of a carbon black and as a quick method to compare the surface quality of carbon blacks
Authors: Sharma R. , Fairhurst D. , Growney D. J. , Dümpelmann R. , Cosgrove T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe selection of appropriate solvents into which carbon blacks can be dispersed optimally is important for product manufacture and performance. Molecular-level interactions determine solvent suitability but are difficult to measure; existing experimental approaches require slow/expensive tests of dispersion stability. NMR solvent relaxation measurements are shown to be a fast indicator of solvent suitability, with sensitivity to the solvent-particle intermolecular forces making it a reliable proxy for determining optimum dispersibility. A structured approach to relaxation measurements with a selection of both good and poor solvents yields the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) for the particle surface. Once obtained, suitable solvents (or solvent mixtures) can be selected from a database of HSP values to match the particle interface. The application of the NMR solvent relaxation approach for determining the HSP values is illustrated for a commercially available carbon black. Furthermore, individual solvent relaxation data for two solvents (e.g., hexane and IPA) with a variety of carbon blacks may be plotted against each other to highlight differences in surface chemistry. Using this approach, results are compared, for the first time, with data from inverse gas chromatography (IGC) with a relatively similar outcome. NMR solvent relaxation analysis provides a quick, facile, and cost-effective methodology to identify the replacement of both powder and solvent raw materials.

Graphical Abstract
Assessment of cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis using smartphone-based training games: a feasibility study
Authors: Pless Silvan , Woelfle Tim , Naegelin Yvonne , Lorscheider Johannes , Wiencierz Andrea , Reyes Óscar , Calabrese Pasquale , Kappos Ludwig 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment occurs in up to 70% of people with MS (pwMS) and has a large impact on quality of life and working capacity. As part of the development of a smartphone-app (dreaMS) for monitoring MS disease activity and progression, we assessed the feasibility and acceptance of using cognitive games as assessment tools for cognitive domains.

Methods
We integrated ten cognitive games in the dreaMS app. Participants were asked to play these games twice a week for 5 weeks. All subjects underwent a battery of established neuropsychological tests. User feedback on acceptance was obtained via a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire. We correlated game performance measures with predetermined reference tests (Spearman’s rho) and analyzed differences between pwMS and Healthy Controls (rank biserial correlation).

Results
We included 31 pwMS (mean age 43.4 ± 12.0 years; 68% females; median Expanded Disability Status Scale score 3.0, range 1.0–6.0) and 31 age- and sex-matched HC. All but one game showed moderate–strong correlations with their reference tests, (|rs|= 0.34–0.77). Performance improved in both groups over the 5 weeks. Average ratings for overall impression and meaningfulness were 4.6 (range 4.2–4.9) and 4.7 (range 4.5–4.8), respectively.

Conclusion
Moderate–strong correlations with reference tests suggest that adaptive cognitive games may be used as measures of cognitive domains. The practice effects observed suggest that game-derived measures may capture change over time. All games were perceived as enjoyable and meaningful, features crucial for long-term adherence. Our results encourage further validation of adaptive cognitive games as monitoring tools for cognition in larger studies of longer duration.

Study Register
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04413032.
Carbon dioxide protects simulated driving performance during severe hypoxia
Authors: Bloomfield Peter Michael , Green Hayden , Fisher James P. , Gant Nicholas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We sought to determine the effect of acute severe hypoxia, with and without concurrent manipulation of carbon dioxide (CO2), on complex real-world psychomotor task performance.

Methods
Twenty-one participants completed a 10-min simulated driving task while breathing room air (normoxia) or hypoxic air (PETO2 = 45 mmHg) under poikilocapnic, isocapnic, and hypercapnic conditions (PETCO2 = not manipulated, clamped at baseline, and clamped at baseline + 10 mmHg, respectively). Driving performance was assessed using a fixed-base motor vehicle simulator. Oxygenation in the frontal cortex was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Results
Speed limit exceedances were greater during the poikilocapnic than normoxic, hypercapnic, and isocapnic conditions (mean exceedances: 8, 4, 5, and 7, respectively; all p ≤ 0.05 vs poikilocapnic hypoxia). Vehicle speed was greater in the poikilocapnic than normoxic and hypercapnic conditions (mean difference: 0.35 km h−1 and 0.67 km h−1, respectively). All hypoxic conditions similarly decreased cerebral oxyhaemoglobin and increased deoxyhaemoglobin, compared to normoxic baseline, while total hemoglobin remained unchanged.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that supplemental CO2 can confer a neuroprotective effect by offsetting impairments in complex psychomotor task performance evoked by severe poikilocapnic hypoxia; however, differences in performance are unlikely to be linked to measurable differences in cerebral oxygenation.
Skeletal muscle oxidative adaptations following localized heat therapy
Authors: Ihsan Mohammed , Labidi Mariem , Racinais Sebastien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRepeated heat treatment has been shown to induce oxidative adaptations in cell cultures and rodents, but similar work within human models is scarce. This study investigated the effects of 6 weeks of localized heat therapy on near-infrared spectroscopy-(NIRS) derived indices of muscle oxidative and microvascular function. Twelve physically active participants (8 males and 4 females, age: 34.9 ± 5.9 years, stature: 175 ± 7 cm, body mass: 76.7 ± 13.3 kg) undertook a 6-week intervention, where adhesive heat pads were applied for 8 h/day, 5 days/week, on one calf of each participant, while the contralateral leg acted as control. Prior to and following the intervention, the microvascular function was assessed using NIRS-based methods, where 5 min of popliteal artery occlusion was applied, and the reperfusion (i.e., re-saturation rate, re-saturation amplitude, and hyperemic response) was monitored for 2 min upon release. Participants also performed a 1-min isometric contraction of the plantar flexors (30% maximal voluntary contraction), following which a further 2 min interval was undertaken for the assessment of recovery kinetics. A 20-min time interval was allowed before the assessment protocol was repeated on the contralateral leg. Repeated localized heating of the gastrocnemius did not influence any of the NIRS-derive indices of microvascular or oxidative function (p > 0.05) following 6 weeks of treatment. Our findings indicate that localized heating via the use of adhesive heat pads may not be a potent stimulus for muscle adaptations in physically active humans.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the upper GI tract: population-based analysis of epidemiology, treatment and outcome based on data from the German Clinical Cancer Registry Group
Authors: Abdalla Thaer S. A. , Pieper Lina , Kist Markus , Thomaschewski Michael , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika , Zeissig Sylke Ruth , Tol Kees Kleihues-van , Wellner Ulrich Friedrich , Keck Tobias , Hummel Richard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal tumors. They are most frequently located in the stomach but are also found in the esophagus and the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Information regarding the prognostic factors associated with upper gastrointestinal GIST is still scarse.

Methods
In this study, datasets provided by the German Clinical Cancer Registry Group, including a total of 93,069 patients with malignant tumors in the upper GI tract (C15, C16) between 2000 and 2016 were analyzed to investigate clinical outcomes of GIST in the entire upper GI tract.

Results
We identified 1361 patients with GIST of the upper GI tract. Tumors were located in the esophagus in 37(2.7%) patients, at the GEJ in 70 (5.1%) patients, and in the stomach in 1254 (91.2%) patients. The incidence of GIST increased over time, reaching 5% of all UGI tumors in 2015. The median age was 69 years. The incidence of GIST was similar between males and females (53% vs 47%, respectively). However, the proportion of GIST in female patients increased continuously with advancing age, ranging from 34.7% (41–50 years) to 71.4% (91–100 years). Male patients were twice as likely to develop tumors in the esophagus and GEJ compared to females (3.4% vs. 1.9% and 6.7% vs. 3.4%, respectively). The median overall survival of upper gastrointestinal GIST was 129 months. The 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS was 93%, 79%, and 52% respectively. Nevertheless, tumors located in the esophagus and GEJ were associated with shorter OS compared to gastric GIST (130 vs. 111 months, p = 0.001). The incidence of documented distant metastasis increased with more proximal location of GIST (gastric vs. GEJ vs. esophagus: 13% vs. 16% vs. 27%) at presentation.

Conclusion
GIST of the esophagus and GEJ are rare soft tissue sarcomas with increasing incidence in Germany. They are characterized by worse survival outcomes and increased risk of metastasis compared to gastric GIST.
Macroporous carbon coatings through carbonization of emulsion-templated poly(dicyclopentadiene) on metal substrates
Authors: Kovačič Sebastijan , Gruber Katharina , Fuchsbichler Bernd , Schmuck Martin , Slugovc Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, we demonstrate the fabrication of thin and macroporous carbon coatings that adhere to various metal substrates such as nickel- or aluminum-based foils or meshes. The coating process is a combination of emulsion-templating and the doctor-blade method, which allows to prepare up to 350 µm thick poly(dicyclopentadiene) membranes with a polyHIPE (polymerized high internal phase emulsions) architecture. Carbonization of these poly(dicyclopentadiene) membranes directly on the metal substrates resulted in up to 30-µm-thick foamy carbon coatings that retain the highly porous architecture and flexibility. Subsequently, carbon foam-coated Ni-foils were filled with elemental sulfur by a melt diffusion technique. A macroporous carbon coating supported sulfur loadings up to 65 wt%, obtaining cathodes for galvanostatic cycling experiments in Li–S cells. The latter revealed discharge capacities higher than 800 mA h−1 according to the sulfur mass. With our approach, the final assembly of the electrodes is greatly simplified because no binders or conductive fillers are required.
Graphical abstract
Verbesserung der Floating-Liner Methode zur Messung der Kolbengruppenreibung durch Einsatz doppelschrägverzahnter Zahnriemen
Authors: Binder Jürgen , Jaensch Malte , Wachtmeister Georg 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie mechanischen Verluste von Verbrennungsmotoren hängen maßgeblich von den auftretenden Reibkräften innerhalb der Kolbengruppe ab. Da die Kolbengruppe das komplexeste tribologische System im Motor darstellt, ist ein hohes Systemverständnis notwendig, um die Bauteile gezielt zu optimieren. Um dieses Maß an Systemverständnis zu generieren, müssen die auftretenden Reibungsverluste direkt und kurbelwinkelaufgelöst gemessen werden. Eine Möglichkeit dazu bietet die Floating-Liner Methode, bei der in Einzylinder Forschungsmotoren die Laufbuchse axial schwimmend auf Kraftmessdosen gelagert wird. Eine Einschränkung dieser Messmethode ist die hohe Anfälligkeit für Störungen, vor allem aus Schwingungen des Motorbetriebs. Ein Teil dieser Schwingungen stammt aus dem Nockenwellen-Antrieb und dem bei Einzylindermotoren typischerweise verbauten Massenausgleich. Riementriebe mit kontinuierlichem Zahneingriff wie beispielsweise doppelschrägverzahnte Riemen können in der Theorie den Schwingungseinfluss dieser Antriebe reduzieren. Aus diesem Grund wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit zwei Riementriebe eines Einzylinder Forschungsmotors zur Reibkraftmessung nach dem Floating-Liner Prinzip mit solch doppelschrägverzahnten Riemen ausgestattet. Der kontinuierliche Zahneingriff reduziert die mittlere Schwingungsbreite der auftretenden Schwingungsanregung des Kraftsignals in Abhängigkeit der Motordrehzahl um bis zu 22 %. Eine genaue Schwingungsanalyse zeigt zudem, dass, im Gegensatz zum geradverzahnten Riemensystem, keine Anregungen durch die verbauten Riemenscheiben mehr auftreten. Zusätzlich wird die Amplitude der Schwingungsanregung der Kraftmessung reduziert. Insgesamt bieten somit doppelschrägverzahnte Riementriebe eine einfache Möglichkeit, die Störgrößen in für Schwingungen anfälligen Systemen, wie den Forschungsmotoren zur Reibkraftmessung, deutlich zu reduzieren.
Laparoscopic hernia repair in children: does recreating the open operation improve outcomes? A systematic review
Authors: Goneidy Ayman , Verhoef Christian , Lansdale Nick , Peters Robert T. , Wilkinson David J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The use of laparoscopy for paediatric inguinal hernia repairs has increased significantly over the past 2 decades. However, there is significant variation in the reported recurrence rates in the literature, with many studies reporting higher rates than the open operation. This may be explained by the range of different techniques currently included under the term laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. The purpose of this study is to determine whether dividing the hernia sac before ligation improves surgical outcomes following a paediatric laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair compared to ligation alone.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed following PRISMA guidelines of all studies reporting the outcomes following paediatric laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair where the technique was recorded as laparoscopic suture ligation alone (LS) or laparoscopic sac division and suture ligation (LSDS). Studies were assessed for risk of bias and exclusion criteria included reported follow-up of less than 6 months.

Results
A total of 8518 LS repairs and 6272 LSDS repairs were included in the final analysis. LSDS repair was associated with a significantly lower recurrence rate (odds ratio 0.51, 95% CI 0.36–0.71, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the rates of testicular ascent or atrophy.

Conclusion
Recreating the open operation by hernia sac division followed by suture ligation significantly reduces the risk of hernia recurrence.
Input and output reconsidered in supplier selection DEA model
Authors: Dobos Imre , Vörösmarty Gyöngyi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe selection of input and output items is crucial for successful application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as they should express the decision maker's preferences and perceptions of what might affect the efficiency of a decision making unit (DMU). This article addresses the question of the transformation of input and output data that may be required for efficiency analyses using DEA method. Different methods for the data transformation are available in the literature, however, they may lead to different results, which may bias the decisions. This paper attempts to provide some guidance on this issue and to compare the results. An example of supplier evaluation will be used to illustrate the possible solutions and the differences in the final results (supplier evaluated to be among the efficient suppliers).
Canonical Witt formal scheme extensions and p-torsion groups
Authors: Bertapelle Alessandra , Mazzari Nicola , Saha Arnab 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study the nth arithmetic jet space of the p-torsion subgroup attached to a smooth commutative formal group scheme. We show that the nth jet space above fits in the middle of a canonical short exact sequence between a power of the formal scheme of Witt vectors of length n and the p-torsion subgroup we started with. This result generalizes a result of Buium on roots of unity.
Acceptability and feasibility of home-based hypertension and physical activity screening by community health workers in an under-resourced community in South Africa
Authors: Stoutenberg Mark , Crouch Simone H. , McNulty Lia K. , Kolkenbeck-Ruh Andrea , Torres Georgia , Gradidge Philippe J. L. , Ly Andy , Ware Lisa J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Low–middle-income countries (LMICs) face increasing burdens from non-communicable disease (NCDs) requiring primary care task shifting to community health workers (CHWs). This study explored community members' perceptions of NCD-focused, CHW-led home visits in a historically disadvantaged township of South Africa.

Methods
Trained CHWs visited community member homes, performing blood pressure and physical activity (PA) screenings, followed by brief counselling and a satisfaction survey. Semi-structured interviews were conducted within 3 days of the visit to learn about their experiences.

Results
CHWs visited 173 households, with 153 adult community members consenting to participate (88.4%). Participants reported that it was easy to understand CHW-delivered information (97%), their questions were answered well (100%), and they would request home service again (93%). Twenty-eight follow-up interviews revealed four main themes: 1) acceptance of CHW visits, 2) openness to counselling, 3) satisfaction with screening and a basic understanding of the results, and 4) receptiveness to the PA advice.

Conclusion
Community members viewed CHW-led home visits as an acceptable and feasible method for providing NCD-focused healthcare services in an under-resourced community. Expanding primary care reach through CHWs offers more accessible and individualized care, reducing barriers for individuals in under-resourced communities to access support for NCD risk reduction.
DISCONA: distributed sample compression for nearest neighbor algorithm
Authors: Rybicki Jedrzej , Frenklach Tatiana , Puzis Rami 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSample compression using 𝜖-net effectively reduces the number of labeled instances required for accurate classification with nearest neighbor algorithms. However, one-shot construction of an 𝜖-net can be extremely challenging in large-scale distributed data sets. We explore two approaches for distributed sample compression: one where local 𝜖-net is constructed for each data partition and then merged during an aggregation phase, and one where a single backbone of an 𝜖-net is constructed from one partition and aggregates target label distributions from other partitions. Both approaches are applied to the problem of malware detection in a complex, real-world data set of Android apps using the nearest neighbor algorithm. Examination of the compression rate, computational efficiency, and predictive power shows that a single backbone of an 𝜖-net attains favorable performance while achieving a compression rate of 99%.
RTKN2 Inhibits the Growth, Migration, Invasion and Glycolysis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells by Inactivating the NF-κB Signalling Pathway
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Jinxiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a malignant tumour that seriously threatens the life and health of people worldwide. This research was carried out to investigate the role of Rhotekin 2 (RTKN2) in LUAD progression.

Methods and Results
The GEPIA online database was used to analyse abnormally expressed genes in lung adenocarcinoma and RTKN2 expression in various cancers. Cell proliferation was detected with CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Transwell assays were carried out to assess cell migration and invasion. The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were evaluated by a Seahorse XFe96 analyser. The interaction between RTKN2 and p65 was confirmed using a coimmunoprecipitation assay. RTKN2 expression was detected with qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot assays. The p65 levels in the cytoplasm and nucleus were determined by western blot assays. RTKN2 levels were prominently decreased in LUAD tissues and cell lines. RTKN2 overexpression suppressed LUAD cell growth, invasion, migration, and glycolysis, while RTKN2 knockdown showed the opposite effects. Additionally, p65 could be negatively regulated by RTKN2. RTKN2 overexpression increased p65 levels in the cytoplasm but decreased p65 levels in the nucleus. Furthermore, blocking the NF-κB signalling pathway neutralized the effect of RTKN2 silencing in LUAD cells.

Conclusion
RTKN2 inhibited the malignant behaviour and glycolysis of LUAD cells by blocking the NF-κB signalling pathway, implying that RTKN2 could be a cancer suppressor in LUAD progression.