bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nodes and Spin Windings for Topological Transitions in Light–Matter Interactions
Authors: Ying Zu‐Jian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe anisotropic quantum Rabi model (QRM) is the fundamental model of light–matter interactions with indispensable counter‐rotating terms in ultra‐strong couplings. By extracting different levels of topological information a new light is shed on the energy spectrum of the anisotropic QRM. Besides conventional topological transitions (TTs) at gap closing, abundant unconventional TTs are unveiled underlying level anticrossings without gap closing by tracking the wave‐function nodes, including a particular unconventional TT which turns out to be universal for different energy levels. On the other hand, it is found that the nodes have a correspondence to spin windings, which not only endows the nodes a more explicit topological character in supporting single‐qubit TTs but also turns the topological information physically detectable. Furthermore, hidden small‐spin‐knot transitions are exposed for the ground state, while more kinds of spin‐knot transitions emerge in excited states including unmatched node numbers and spin winding numbers. Based on node sorting, algebraic formulation is established to decode the topological information encoded geometrically in the wave functions and spin windings.
Event‐triggered model‐free adaptive control for nonlinear systems with output saturation
Authors: Liu Dong , Liu Ning , Li Tieshan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, an original event‐triggered model‐free adaptive control is presented for nonlinear systems with output constraints. Firstly, a compact form dynamic linear model for this nonlinear system is established. Based on the output saturated data, the pseudo partial derivative (PPD) parameter is designed to identify the linear model. Then, a novel event‐triggered mechanism is inserted into the controller. The mechanism will be activated only if the event‐triggered error satisfies the predefined condition; Otherwise, it keeps the last triggering state. The purpose is to alleviate the transmission burden and save the communication resources. Varying from the existing studies, the main innovation of this article is that the controller is reconstructed in virtue of saturated data and event‐triggered condition. The present algorithm convergence is proved. Finally, the simulation study illustrates the feasibility of the plan.
Rotational springs for localized crack modeling in structural concrete
Authors: Näsbom Andreas , Thoma Karel , Weber Marius , Kaufmann Walter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a mechanical and numerical approach to model localized deformations occurring in concrete structures with less than minimum reinforcement. The presented models are based on, and validated against large‐scale experiments conducted in a previous study to investigate the behavior of a less than minimally reinforced slab in the framework of the structural safety assessment of an existing cut and cover tunnel. The model deploys rotational springs embedded in a nonlinear finite element analysis to capture deformations concentrating in an inclined crack. An iterative solution procedure ensures equilibrium and compatibility in the inclined crack section by adjusting the spring stiffnesses, which depend on the acting loads. A case study shows that the localized crack has a minor effect on the global structural behavior. In contrast, localization strongly influences deformations and stress resultants in the crack, and compressive membrane action significantly impacts the load–deformation behavior of the localized crack, which is relevant particularly for the shear strength.
Policy comparison of lead hunting ammunition bans and voluntary nonlead programs for California condors
Authors: Schulz John H. , Totoni Samantha , Stanis Sonja A. Wilhelm , Li Christine Jie , Morgan Mark , Hall Damon M. , Webb Elisabeth B. , Rotman Robin M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) is negatively affected by lead poisoning from spent lead‐based hunting ammunition. Because lead poisoning is the primary mortality factor affecting condors, the California Fish and Game Commission banned lead hunting ammunition during 2008 in the southern California condor range followed by a statewide ban implemented in 2019. In contrast, the Arizona Game and Fish Department instituted an outreach and awareness program encouraging voluntary use of nonlead hunting ammunition in the northern portion of the state during 2005 and a similar program was launched in Utah during 2012. The juxtaposition of policy tools provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the intended efforts to mitigate lead exposure in condors and their respective positive and negative effects. Herein we reflect upon the effectiveness of lead policy actions in the 3‐state region on the basis of condor blood‐lead levels, population status, and hunter awareness of the issue and use of nonlead hunting ammunition.
Sanctorius’s Galenism
Authors: Hollerbach Teresa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe chapter deals with Sanctorius’s intellectual background and places his book De statica medicina within the framework of contemporary Galenic medicine. Usually, the book is celebrated for its innovative quantitative approach to medicine yet read in isolation from its broader context. However, as I will show, an analysis of this context is crucial to understanding how Sanctorius developed his novel ideas and revised the medical knowledge of his day. Of particular importance in this regard are the dietetic doctrine of the “six non-natural things” and the concept of insensible perspiration, an invisible excretion of the human body. Potential relations of Sanctorius’s notions to the doctrine of the ancient medical school of the Methodists and to corpuscular ideas are also scrutinized. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the De statica medicina itself, focusing on the conceptual backdrop against which Sanctorius developed his weighing procedures, the results of which he presented in the book. References to Sanctorius’s other publications help set his ideas in the broader context of his endeavors and contribute to an understanding of the theoretical context in which the De statica medicina emerged.
Quantification and Certainty
Authors: Hollerbach Teresa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, I examine the context in which Sanctorius presented his measuring instruments in his publications. In difference to previous studies, which often have focused solely on the Commentary on Avicenna, this being the only work in which Sanctorius included illustrations of his instruments, I analyze the measuring instruments in the light of all that Sanctorius published. Furthermore, I scrutinize the relation of the various instruments to each other and discuss Sanctorius’s possible complementary use of them. Of particular interest in this context is the role of the De statica medicina, which has become a keyword for Sanctorius’s quantitative approach to physiology. These considerations will serve as an introduction to an in-depth study of Sanctorius’s measuring instruments in Chap. 7, and reveal the agenda behind his quantification efforts—to enhance certainty in medicine. Given that the degree of conjecture in medicine was a contested issue in traditional introductory discussions in contemporary works on medicine, I examine Sanctorius’s claim to enhance certainty through quantification, measurements, and instruments against the backdrop of the prevailing discourse(s) therein. While it is immediately obvious that Sanctorius departed from traditional views by introducing new quantitative procedures into medicine, the investigation of the roles that he assigned to logical reasoning, on the one hand, and to experience, empirical knowledge, and his new methods of quantification, on the other, draws a more complex picture regarding the combination of theory and practice in his works.
Hydrodynamics, spin currents and torsion
Authors: Gallegos A. D. , Gürsoy U. , Yarom A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We construct the canonical constitutive relations for a fluid description of a system with a spin current, valid in an arbitrary number of dimensions in the absence of parity breaking or time reversal breaking terms. Our study encompasses the hydrostatic partition function, the entropy current, Kubo formula, conformal invariance, and the effect of charge. At some stages of the computation we turn on a background torsion tensor which naturally couples to the spin current.
Engineering apomixis in crops
Authors: Mahlandt Alexander , Singh Dipesh Kumar , Mercier Raphael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractApomixis is an asexual mode of reproduction through seeds where progeny are clones of the mother plants. Naturally apomictic modes of reproduction are found in hundreds of plant genera distributed across more than 30 plant families, but are absent in major crop plants. Apomixis has the potential to be a breakthrough technology by allowing the propagation through seed of any genotype, including F1 hybrids. Here, we have summarized the recent progress toward synthetic apomixis, where combining targeted modifications of both the meiosis and fertilization processes leads to the production of clonal seeds at high frequencies. Despite some remaining challenges, the technology has approached a level of maturity that allows its consideration for application in the field.
The probabilistic vs the quantization approach to Kähler–Einstein geometry
Authors: Berman Robert J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the probabilistic construction of Kähler–Einstein metrics on a complex projective algebraic manifold X—involving random point processes on X—a key role is played by the partition function. In this work a new quantitative bound on the partition function is obtained. It yields, in particular, a new direct analytic proof that X admits a Kähler–Einstein metrics if it is uniformly Gibbs stable. The proof makes contact with the quantization approach to Kähler–Einstein geometry.
Relationship of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) granulocyte clone size to disease burden and risk of major vascular events in untreated patients: results from the International PNH Registry
Authors: Dingli David , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Larratt Loree , Go Ronald S. , Höchsmann Britta , Zu Ke , Gustovic Philippe , Kulagin Alexander D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is caused by acquired gene mutations resulting in deficiency of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)–anchored complement regulatory proteins on the surface of blood cells, leading to terminal complement–mediated intravascular hemolysis and increased risk of major adverse vascular events (MAVEs). Using data from the International PNH Registry, this study investigated the relationship between the proportion of GPI-deficient granulocytes at PNH onset and (1) the risk for MAVEs (including thrombotic events [TEs]) and (2) the following parameters at last follow-up: high disease activity (HDA); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio; fatigue; abdominal pain; and rates of overall MAVEs and TEs. A total of 2813 patients untreated at enrollment were included and stratified by clone size at PNH disease onset (baseline). At last follow-up, higher proportion of GPI-deficient granulocytes (≤ 5% vs. > 30% clone size) at baseline was associated with significantly increased HDA incidence (14% vs. 77%), mean LDH ratio (1.3 vs. 4.7 × upper limit of normal), and rates of MAVEs 1.5 vs. 2.9 per 100 person-years) and TEs (0.9 vs. 2.0 per 100 person-years). Fatigue was evident in 71 to 76% of patients regardless of clone size. Abdominal pain was more frequently reported with clone size > 30%. A larger clone size at baseline appears to indicate a greater disease burden and risk of TEs and MAVEs and may inform decision making among physicians managing PNH patients at risk of experiencing TEs or other MAVEs. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01374360.
Could dietary restrictions affect periodontal disease? A systematic review
Authors: Mainas Giuseppe , Santamaria Pasquale , Ide Mark , Longo Valter , Vinciguerra Manlio , Nart Jose , Nibali Luigi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective

This review aimed at evaluating the possible benefits that caloric restriction (CR) may provide to periodontal disease progression and response to treatment.

Material and methods
Electronic search on Medline, Embase and Cochrane, and manual search were performed to identify pre-clinical and on human studies reporting the consequences of CR on clinical and inflammatory parameters related to periodontitis. Newcastle Ottawa System and SYRCLE scale were used to assess the risk of bias.

Results
Four thousand nine hundred eighty articles were initially screened, and a total of 6 articles were finally included, consisting of 4 animal studies and 2 studies in humans. Due to the limited number of studies and heterogeneity of the data, results were presented in descriptive analyses. All studies showed that, compared to the normal (ad libitum) diet, CR might have the potential to reduce the local and systemic hyper-inflammatory state as well as disease progression in periodontal patients.

Conclusions
Within the existing limitations, this review highlights that CR showed some improvements in the periodontal condition by reducing the local and systemic inflammation related to the periodontitis and by improving clinical parameters. However, the results should be interpreted with caution since robust research such as randomized clinical trials is still missing.

Clinical relevance
This review shows that some dietary/caloric restrictions approaches may have the potential to improve periodontal conditions and, in addition, highlights a need for human studies with a robust methodology in order to draw stronger evidence-based conclusions.
Anti-apoptotic genes and non-coding RNAs are potential outcome predictors for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Meng Wei , Johnsen Kay-Martin , Fenton Christopher G. , Florholmen Jon , Paulssen Ruth H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the lack of clinical, immunologic, genetic, and laboratory markers to predict remission in ulcerative colitis (UC) without relapse, there is no clear recommendation regarding withdrawal of therapy. Therefore, this study was to investigate if transcriptional analysis together with Cox survival analysis might be able to reveal molecular markers that are specific for remission duration and outcome. Mucosal biopsies from patients in remission with active treatment-naïve UC and healthy control subjects underwent whole-transcriptome RNA-seq. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were applied to the remission data concerning duration and status of patients. A randomly chosen remission sample set was used for validation of the applied methods and results. The analyses distinguished two different UC remission patient groups with respect to remission duration and outcome (relapse). Both groups showed that altered states of UC with quiescent microscopic disease activity are still present. The patient group with the longest remission duration and no relapse revealed specific and increased expression of antiapoptotic factors belonging to the MTRNR2-like gene family and non-coding RNAs. In summary, the expression of anti-apoptotic factors and non-coding RNAs may contribute to personalized medicine approaches in UC by improving patient stratification for different treatment regimens.
Trust-Building in Peer-to-Peer Carsharing: Design Case Study for Algorithm-Based Reputation Systems
Authors: Neifer Thomas , Bossauer Paul , Pakusch Christina , Boehm Lukas , Lawo Dennis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPeer-to-peer sharing platforms become increasingly important in the platform economy. From an HCI-perspective, this development is of high interest, as those platforms mediate between different users. Such mediation entails dealing with various social issues, e.g., building trust between peers online without any physical presence. Peer ratings have proven to be an important mechanism in this regard. At the same time, scoring via car telematics become more common for risk assessment by car insurances. Since user ratings face crucial problems such as fake or biased ratings, we conducted a design case study to determine whether algorithm-based scoring has the potential to improve trust-building in P2P-carsharing. We started with 16 problem-centered interviews to examine how people understand algorithm-based scoring, we co-designed an app with scored profiles, and finally evaluated it with 12 participants. Our findings show that scoring systems can support trust-building in P2P-carsharing and give insights how they should be designed.
Virus-like particle-based delivery of Cas9/guide RNA ribonucleoprotein efficiently edits the brachyury gene and inhibits chordoma growth in vivo
Authors: Hu Yunping , Lu Baisong , Deng Zhiyong , Xing Fei , Hsu Wesley 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeChordoma is a rare and aggressive bone cancer driven by the developmental transcription factor brachyury. Efforts to target brachyury are hampered by the absence of ligand-accessible small-molecule binding pockets. Genome editing with CRISPR systems provides an unprecedented opportunity to modulate undruggable transcription factor targets. However, delivery of CRISPR remains a bottleneck for in vivo therapy development. The aim was to investigate the in vivo therapeutic efficiency of Cas9/guide RNA (gRNA) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery through a novel virus-like particle (VLP) by fusing an aptamer-binding protein to the lentiviral nucleocapsid protein.MethodsThe p24 based ELISA and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the characterization of engineered VLP-packaged Cas9/gRNA RNP. The deletion efficiency of brachyury gene in chordoma cells and tissues was measured by genome cleavage detection assay. RT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and IHC were employed to test the function of brachyury deletion. Cell growth and tumor volume were measured to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of brachyury deletion by VLP-packaged Cas9/gRNA RNP.ResultsOur “all-in-one” VLP-based Cas9/gRNA RNP system allows for transient expression of Cas9 in chordoma cells, but maintains efficient editing capacity leading to approximately 85% knockdown of brachyury with subsequent inhibition of chordoma cell proliferation and tumor progression. In addition, this VLP-packaged brachyury-targeting Cas9 RNP avoids systemic toxicities in vivo.ConclusionOur preclinical studies demonstrate the potential of VLP-based Cas9/gRNA RNP gene therapy for the treatment of brachyury-dependent chordoma.
Findings in Danish long-term care facilities in the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Espenhain Laura , Funk Tjede , Kunøe Asja , Chaine Manon , Lauenborg Møller Karina , Kristensen Brian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infections, deaths and outbreaks among residents in Danish long-term care facilities (LTCFs) from February 2020 to February 2021.

Methods
Danish COVID-19 national register data from a newly implemented automated surveillance system was used to describe incidence rate and deaths (per 1000 residents’ years), number of tests, SARS-CoV-2 infections and outbreaks among LTCF residents. A case was defined as a LTCF resident with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. An outbreak was defined as two or more cases in one LTCF within a 14-day period, and considered closed if no new cases had occurred within 28 days. Death was defined as occurring within 30-days of a positive test.

Results
A total of 55,359 residents living in 948 LTCFs were included. The median age of the residents was 85 years and 63% were female. There was a total of 3712 cases found among residents across 43% of all LTCFs. Nearly all (94%) cases were linked to outbreaks. Higher numbers of cases and outbreaks were seen in Denmark’s Capital Region compared to other regions. Overall, 22 SARS-CoV-2 deaths and 359 deaths (non-SARS-CoV-2) per 1000 resident years were identified in the study period.

Conclusion
Less than half of LTCFs identified any cases. The majority of cases were linked to outbreaks, emphasizing the importance of preventing introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into the facilities. Furthermore, it highlights the need to invest efforts into infrastructures, routine procedures and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in LTCFs to limit the introduction and the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Calcification of Joints and Arteries (CALJA) Is a Rare Cause of Arthritis and Lower Limb Ischemia: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Maffi Michele , De Mattia Giammarco , Mazzoni Maria Rosa , Michelucci Angela , Toschi Benedetta , Adelaide Caligo Maria , Mosca Marta , Mazzantini Maurizio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCalcification of Joints and Arteries (CALJA) is a rare disease that leads to chronic arthritis and lower limb claudication due to hydroxyapatite crystal deposition. The disease is caused by mutations in the 5-nucleotidase (NT5E) gene, which is responsible for pyrophosphate metabolism. Only 23 cases have been described so far. In this case report, we describe a new case of CALJA and provide a literature review. A 65-year-old woman was referred to the Rheumatology Unit with the diagnosis of seronegative oligo-arthritis. She complained of lower limb claudication, which was becoming progressively worse. Doppler ultrasound revealed bilateral obliteration of the popliteal and femoral arteries, and X-rays of the knees, hands, and feet showed extensive periarticular calcific deposits. The results of the NT5E gene analysis were positive for an inactivating variant, leading to the diagnosis of CALJA. The clinical features of CALJA are caused by hydroxyapatite crystal deposition at the periarticular and vascular levels due to abnormalities of pyrophosphate metabolism. Currently, no specific treatment is available, although a trial on the use of etidronate is ongoing. Patients with CALJA are often treated with immunosuppressant agents in the suspect of inflammatory rheumatologic diseases. Our case is the first in which clinical symptoms and a steady increase of inflammatory markers improved only after colchicine therapy initiation. It is crucial for the rheumatologist to recognize the features CALJA and keep it in mind in the differential diagnosis of patients with lower limb arterial insufficiency and arthritis or early osteoarthritis with joint calcification.
The importance of equally accessible genomic surveillance in the age of pandemics
Authors: Zeghbib Safia , Kemenesi Gábor , Jakab Ferenc 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGenomic epidemiology is now a core component in investigating the spread of a disease during an outbreak and for future preparedness to tackle emerging zoonoses. During the last decades, several viral diseases arose and emphasized the importance of molecular epidemiology in tracking the dispersal route, supporting proper mitigation measures, and appropriate vaccine development. In this perspective article, we summarized what has been done so far in the genomic epidemiology field and what should be considered in the future. We traced back the methods and protocols employed over time for zoonotic disease response. Either to small outbreaks such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak identified first in 2002 in Guangdong, China, or to a global pandemic like the one that we are experiencing now since 2019 when the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus emerged in Wuhan, China, following several pneumonia cases, and subsequently spread worldwide. We explored both the benefits and shortages encountered when relying on genomic epidemiology, and we clearly present the disadvantages of inequity in accessing these tools around the world, especially in countries with less developed economies. For effectively addressing future pandemics, it is crucial to work for better sequencing equity around the globe.