bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polish pharmacy professionals' beliefs about homeopathic medicines - a survey.
Authors: Sałek Agnieszka , Karłowicz - Bodalska Katarzyna , Marciniak Dominik 
Published: August 2023

Wstęp:
Homeopatia jest alternatywną metodą leczenia, opartą na zasadzie podobieństwa, która została opracowana przez Samuela Hahnemanna w XVIII wieku. Metoda ta polega na podawaniu pacjentowi substancji, które mogą wywoływać objawy podobne do zgłaszanych przez niego dolegliwości, w bardzo dużych rozcieńczeniach. Mimo że dowody naukowe przemawiają na niekorzyść tej metody, produkty homeopatyczne są określane przez europejskie prawo mianem leków i przechodzą specjalna, uproszczoną procedurę dopuszczenia do obrotu. Na terenie Polski pacjent może zakupić produkty lecznicze homeopatyczne wyłącznie w aptece. W związku z powyższym uzyskana w niej rekomendacja może mieć wpływ na to, czy pacjent zdecyduje się na stosowanie leku homeopatycznego, czy też nie.

Materiały i metody:
Badanie miało na celu analizę stosunku polskich farmaceutów i techników farmaceutycznych do leków homeopatycznych. Przeprowadzono anonimową ankietę wśród fachowych pracowników aptek, w której oceniali oni swoją wiedzę, przekonania i rekomendacje dotyczące leków homeopatycznych. W okresie od stycznia do kwietnia 2023 roku ankietę wypełniło 298 respondentów – 279 farmaceutów oraz 19 techników. Zebrane odpowiedzi poddano analizie statystycznej w programie STATISTICA v. 13.3. Istotność statystyczną sprawdzono stosując test zgodności χ2 Pearsona, przyjmując za poziom istotności wartość p ≤ 0,05. Do oceny globalnych zależności między kluczowymi analizowanymi zmiennymi bez względu na ich skalę wykorzystano analizę składowych głównych PCA. Zbudowany model PCA estymowano wykorzystując algorytm iteracyjny NIPALS.

Wyniki:
Spośród 298 respondentów biorących udział w badaniu, 285 pracowało w aptekach ogólnodostępnych. Ponad dwie trzecie respondentów miało osobiste doświadczenia związane ze stosowaniem leków homeopatycznych, a około jedna trzecia z nich polecała takie leki swoim pacjentom. Skłonność do polecania leków homeopatycznych korelowała z występowaniem w przeszłości u badanego pozytywnych skutków stosowania leków homeopatycznych. Leki homeopatyczne najczęściej polecały kobiety i osoby po 50. roku życia. Ponad połowa fachowych pracowników aptek uznała leki homeopatyczne za nieskuteczne i wykazujące wyłącznie efekt placebo. W pytaniu o to, w jakich schorzeniach polecają leki homeopatyczne, farmaceuci i technicy najczęściej wskazywali objawy przeziębienia i grypy, bolesne ząbkowanie oraz siniaki i krwiaki.

Wnioski:
Wyniki badania sugerują, że większość fachowych pracowników aptek nie poleca swoim pacjentom leków homeopatycznych. Problem oceny preparatów nieposiadających udowodnionego działania terapeutycznego za skuteczne dotyka głównie kobiet po 50. roku życia oraz respondentów z małych miast. Poniższe badanie warto w przyszłości pogłębić, skupiając się na tych grupach respondentów. Zdobyta w ten sposób wiedza pozwoli ocenić, w jakim stopniu ta grupa pracowników polega na dowodach naukowych i czy jest świadoma podejmowania decyzji jedynie w oparciu o własne przekonania.
ANALISIS PRINSIP BELAJAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS VIII-D SMP NEGERI 1 PETERONGAN
Authors: Sriwijati Sriwijati Sriwijati , Aluna Fiky Nanda , Nurul iffah Jauhara Dian , Zahro Firda Fatimatuz 
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini memberikan deskripsi hasil analisis prinsip belajar dalam pembelajaran matematika yang diterapkan oleh guru di kelas. Sehingga prinsip belajar dirasa sangat penting bagi proses pembelajaran, khsuusnya pada pengajar dan peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitaif untuk menggambarkan prisnip belajar di sekolah SMP Negeri 1 Peterongan. Wawancara ini dilakukan dengan memberikan 10 pertanyaan umum hingga khusus mengenai prinsip-prinsip yang digunakan. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Selama observasi peneliti mengamati dan mencatat jalannya proses pembelajaran sesuai dengan indikasi lembar observasi. Wawancara dilakukan setelah proses pengamatan selesai. Pada penelitian ini guru memberikan perhatian dan motivasi kepada semua siswa di kelas, perhatian dan motivasi itu berupa menanyakan kabar, menanyakan apakah kemarin belajar atau tidak dan memberikan motivasi / dorongan agar mereka bersemangat dalam pembelajaran. Pada proses pembelajaran siswa dan siswi sangat aktif dan antusias menerima pelajaran. Guru pun memberi soal latihan untuk dikerjakan lalu ada murid yang maju mengerjakan, dan langsunh diberi penguatan oleh guru. Guru pun memberikan kesempatan bagi siswa-siswi yang belum faham untuk bertanya, lalu guru memberi pengulangan. Prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran diatas perlu diterapkan oleh semua guru agara dapat mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang di inginkan.
Kata Kunci : Analisis Prinsip, Belajar Pembelajaran, Pembelajaran Matematika
Assessing the ‘forgotten fundamental’ in policy advisory systems research: Policy shops and the role(s) of core policy professionals
Authors: Migone Andrea , Howlett Michael 
Published: August 2023

<p>During the past 30 years, research on policy analytical capacity's multidimensional nature and the evolution of policy advisory systems (PASs) has both increased knowledge of these processes and structures and opened new avenues of inquiry. While it is clear that changes in PASs in many countries have occurred - featuring processes such as the increased externalisation and politicisation of policy advice - studies of changes among the roles played by core policy professionals in advice provision have lagged. One aspect of this question concerns the nature and extent of changes in this ‘forgotten fundamental’ of advice systems related to how these professionals are arrayed within ‘policy shops’—that is organisational units identified in the 1960s and 1970s as the main organisational home of policy professionals in government. Whether or not such shops have changed from the central-integrated model identified in early studies and, if so, how, remain outstanding and foundational questions. Recent research in Canada has mapped the distribution of policy professionals at the central and provincial level and found more types of analysts and venues than in earlier eras— which range from the ‘classical’ integrated policy shops of the 1960s and 1970s which remain in central agencies and single-purpose line departments to the much more 'distributed' patterns found in many departments dealing with multiple or complex controversial issues. Using Canadian data, this study outlines the development of these organisational types and their distribution in government and discusses the implications of these changes for better understanding the work, and needs, of core professionals in policy advice systems. .</p>
Rooftop Rainwater Control - Combining Storage Tank, Vegetation and Rooftop Retention
Authors: Adity Atika Tasnim 
Published: August 2023

<p>Over the past few years, rapid urbanization, population growth and the projected climate change have contributed to global water scarcity and urban flooding. Thus, the rainwater harvesting system in buildings is getting popular for increasing water efficiency and reducing stormwater runoff. However, it is required to size the rainwater harvesting system adequately for improving its operation. An oversized system increases the capital cost, while an undersized system results in an unreliable water source. Therefore, the storage tank's sizing is the most critical objective for optimizing the overall system in a dense urban location. Rainwater harvesting system and the vegetated roof technology can be particularly promising to address the issue because the vegetated roof and blue roof perform very well as a stormwater management tool by providing reduced stormwater runoff generation. The research identified the factors involved in managing runoff from a complex set of rooftop arrangements, having partially vegetated and non-vegetated areas and developed a set of guidelines to optimize the rainwater harvesting system by utilizing vegetated roofs. The research analyzed four mid-rise buildings of the Ryerson University campus, and the results confirmed that an increase in the total percentage of vegetated area coverage reduces the rainwater storage tank size to a great extent. For a small institutional building, a 40% agricultural roof performs the best for meeting the outside non-potable water demand reducing the annual overflow from the tank. For 60% vegetated area coverage, the municipal service water must supplement the rainwater to meet the total water demand. In terms of substrate depth, 150mm yields the most reasonable benefit. Finally, a blue roof should be combined with a vegetated roof to maximize the stormwater retention and detention onsite. </p>
Adapting Passive House to Toronto’s Existing Housing Stock Through Deep Energy Retrofits
Authors: Vimal Vithusan 
Published: August 2023

<p>This study researches the development of a multi-objective optimization environment to continue the investigation of the potential for housing in Toronto to meet Passive House certification. BEopt was utilized to develop various deep energy retrofits for century detached, century-semi, and wartime archetype homes in Toronto, ON. The optimization environment utilized various design retrofits to develop configurations of variables which minimize energy use and life cycle cost. The developed solutions were input into WUFI Passive to determine which combination of variables can achieve Passive House certification for the lowest cost. The optimization results demonstrated that for a life cycle cost of $65,053-$92,950 depending on geometry and housing type, an archetype home in Toronto can reduce energy use by 69-72% percent and can meet standards for Passive House. Although these numbers include average pricing data, assumptions, and generalizations, the findings of this research demonstrate the applicability of high performance building standards to be retrofit to existing homes to allow sustainability in the built environment to be achieved. </p>
Towards Development of a 1980’s Greater Hamilton Area Single Detached Residential Housing Archetype: Retrofitting to the Performance Levels of Net Zero Energy Ready
Authors: Simpson Tyler 
Published: August 2023

<p>This research defined attributes of existing residential housing in the Greater Hamilton Area for the development of an archetype model that would represent a two-storey single detached house to investigate the potential of the existing housing stock to achieve Net Zero Energy Ready performance. Energy modelling displayed significant alteration of the building enclosure was required to accomplish Net Zero Energy Ready performance. A hygrothermal analysis of the above grade wall assemblies concluded caution should be applied when implementing a double stud wall assembly and consideration should be given to the permeability of the exterior insulation when a low permeance interior membrane is present. The findings of this research supported the development of the first archetype model to represent the Greater Hamilton Area that identified retrofit strategies that can reduce the energy consumption of the existing single detached housing stock, while acknowledging solutions that ensured durability was preserved. </p>
A Methodological Approach to Predict and Estimate Air Leakage Through a Window-To-Wall Interface in Wood Frame Construction
Authors: Elnaffar Asalah 
Published: August 2023

<p>Airtightness is an important phenomenon in building performance. Poor building airtightness can impact the IAQ, indoor comfort conditions, building envelope’s structural integrity, occupant’s health, and building energy performance. It is well documented that window-to-wall interfaces are an area of reoccurring air leakage location, contributing 15% to 35% to whole building air leakage. Therefore, there is a demand for adequate prediction methods to estimate air leakage through the window-to-wall joint to assist builders and designers in making cost-effective design decisions prior to construction. The objective of this study was to further an approach to model preconstruction relative airtightness of differing window-to-wall joint detail designs and variation in field construction. This research was done to further the work already conducted in determining if an experimentally based methodology can be used to alter predictions of whole building airtightness in new construction at the pre-construction phases of development (Khemet & Richman, 2020). An empirically-based design of experiments was created using a 23x3 factorial design to quantify the impact of air leakage through the window-to-wall joint. The four main effects that were selected for analysis were pressure, shim type, sealant technique, and detail length. The multiple linear regression model explained up to 38.7% of the air leakage through the joint (R=0.6387, p<0.001). The results of the experiment established an approach to predicting relative air leakage of varying window-to-wall joints. </p>
Utilizing Pareto Optimality to Identify Multiobjective Optimized Multi-Unit Residential Building Unit Design with Respect to Daylighting and Energy Consumption
Authors: Blazevski Benett 
Published: August 2023

<p>Canadians spend most of their time in their dwelling. Meanwhile, the densification of cities has trended toward multi-unit residential buildings (MURB) becoming the dominant residential building type, yet their study has been neglected despite their prevalence throughout Canada. This building typology is known to provide poor visual comfort and can also be typically characterized by poor energy performance. These issues of inadequate daylighting and poor energy performance form a complex relationship and are often juxtaposed in regard to passive building design – design that benefits one of these aspects likely will hamper the other. Despite this, they have rarely been studied together, particularly in the MURB setting. This study investigated the complex relationship between these two variables within parameterized MURB units utilizing the novel climate-based daylight modelling (CBDM) and energy modelling tool, ClimateStudio. The results were analyzed through the lens of a Pareto optimality analysis, a multiobjective optimization method that generates a series of optimized solutions. Due to the lack of consensus in the daylighting field, other daylighting variables were investigated, including daylight schedules, various dynamic daylighting metrics, and proximity to a neighbouring building. The main results revealed which model iterations were deemed optimal based on the Pareto front generated in the analysis. These multiobjective optimized units and the trends between them were discussed to determine what can be utilized to guide future MURB design, such as maximizing north and south facades while minimizing east and west facades, designing balanced aspect ratios, and more. </p>
Analysis and Data Collection of Solubility of ATRP Reagents in Emulsion Process
Authors: Elebiyo Bolarinwa 
Published: August 2023

<p>This work focuses on thermodynamics analysis involved in polymer solutions. Several processes adopt different methods of polymerization systems to achieve desired end- product properties of polymer products. Since these are solutions that are not ideal, it gives concerns about what methods or conditions are suitable to achieve the desired products. Understanding the fundamentals of polymer solution thermodynamics is therefore a very important research theme. A thorough literature review helps an understanding of the behavior of polymer solutions as it relates the thermodynamics of the mixing components and the extent of miscibility of substances. In particular, the Flory- Huggins and Gibbs contributions to the thermodynamics of phases in solutions are significant. Miscibility of components in the ATRP (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization) in dispersed media process is of great concern. Solubility and partitioning of ATRP reagents such as the halogen initiator and metallic catalyst between the aqueous phase and organic phases have been reviewed and analyzed for further understanding of the ATRP process in emulsion process. </p>
Detection and Mitigation of IP Spoofing and SYN Flooding DDoS Attacks in Cloud Computing
Authors: Khan Mohammed Arsalan Ali 
Published: August 2023

<p>Denial of Distributed Services (DDoS) is one of the significant threats to cloud computing. The attacker can affect the machine’s availability, and traditional defense strategies are difficult to apply to cloud computing due to their poor availability and high storage requirements. There are multiple different types of DDoS attacks such as IP Spoofing, SYN flooding, smurf, buffer overflow, ping of death, land and finally, teardrop attack. Among these, SYN Flooding and IP Spoofing are the most common and effective attacks these days. </p>
<p>This thesis will focus on implementing a security algorithm to improve the two most common DDoS attacks in cloud computing. First, we will implement a simple detection mechanism using operating system fingerprinting for IP Spoofing and Confidence-Based Filtering pattern recognition with timestamp parameters for SYN Flooding attacks. After an attack is detected, a simple shared cloud-based database is updated for both legitimate connection and illegitimate connection for mitigation purposes. To mitigate an IP Spoof attack, source IP address filtering is used to allow only traffic with legitimate source IP addresses to access the network. For the purpose of mitigating SYN Flooding attacks, a prevention technique is used to classify the attack sources and discard traffic from such sources. In a secure cloud environment, we test our proposed algorithm and literature security methods for better comparison. The result shows that our proposed algorithm has counter literature methods drawbacks and allowed a more legitimate connection with less error. </p>
Review on the Effects of Hydrothermal Pre-treatment of Thickened Waste Activated Sludge for Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion Process
Authors: Tadesse Frew Abebe 
Published: August 2023

<p>Municipal solid waste treatment and disposal have become one of the major concerns in waste management due to the excessive production of waste and higher-level of pollution. To address these challenges and protect the environment in sustainable ways, the hydrothermal pre-treatment technique coupled with anaerobic digestion becomes a preferred alternative technology that can be used for municipal solid waste stabilization and production of renewable energy. Hence this study was conducted to review the effect of hydrothermal pre-treatment of thickened waste activated sludge for fermentation and anaerobic digestion process. Accordingly, the majority of the results confirmed that there is a positive effect on the fermentation/acidification process and biogas production. Fermentation of TWAS at pre-treatment temperature ranges from 1600C to 1800C resulted up to 50% increase in VFAs yield compared to the raw sample. Whereas, for AD process, HTP in the range of 1750C to 2000C with 60 minute retention time was considered as the optimal condition for higher biogas production. 30% increase in biodegradability of waste activated sludge and higher than 55% of biogas production was obtained at the optimal range. Even though there is a direct relationship between increased HTP and the hydrolysis of WAS, a pre-treatment temperature range beyond 2000C alters the biogas production. </p>
Towards an Evidence-Based Value-for-Money Assessment Methodology: Consideration of Innovation, Flexibility, and Risks in Public-Private Partnerships
Authors: Zhang Jing 
Published: August 2023

<p>Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been advocated as an effective delivery model that promotes innovation, flexibility and efficient risk allocations. Value for Money (VfM) assessment is a crucial decision-supporting tool in the developing process. However, the current assessment methods suffer from subjectivity and ambiguity. The thesis documents the doctoral research in developing an integrated probabilistic VfM assessment framework that characterizes the interaction among innovations, flexibility, and risks in PPPs based on multiple research methods including personal interview, empirical data analysis, analytical model and framework development. The study consists of four major pieces, each representing a published or to-be- published journal article. </p>
<p>The first paper deals with empirical evidences of the use of engineering innovations in Canada’s PPP market. Personal interview was employed in the study. The empirical evidence proves that PPPs does provide unique innovation opportunities and scope. </p>
<p>The second paper presents a direct comparative analysis between traditional and PPP projects by tracking the cost and schedule performance data in Canadian market. The research demonstrates that PPPs outperform traditional models on cost and schedule performance during the construction stage. </p>
<p>The third paper presents a stochastic modelling methodology to evaluate the lifecycle cost risk considering maintenance flexibility, characterizing the complex interaction among the lifecycle cost, performance deterioration, and maintenance strategies. Simulation-based optimization and dynamic programming analysis are used to determine the probability distributions of the lifecycle cost and the VfM. The study shows that the lifecycle cost risk is not fully transferred to the private party. </p>
<p>Finally, the fourth and last paper integrates the results from the previous three papers and develops a probabilistic VfM assessment framework to incorporate interaction between value drivers and uncertainty sources based on empirical evidences. A new VfM assessment paradigm using the probability of negative VfM as the decision criterion is recommended. </p>
<p>The proposed VfM framework makes use of the best empirical evidences available, and when empirical data are not available, some credible analytical models to quantify the value and risks associated with the value drivers. The proposed framework has painted a clear road map to enhance the objectivity and validity of the VfM assessment. </p>
Stochastic Degradation Modelling for Parks Pathways
Authors: Wu Taoyin 
Published: August 2023

<p>The degradation model is essential for decision making in transportation asset management, but it has been a missing piece in pathway management. The current budget level is not sustainable without more proactive planning. In this report, a stochastic degradation model based on homogeneous Markov Chain considering pathways attributes is developed to simulate the degradation process of parks pathways. The model estimates the probability of reaching different condition states for individual segments, which is used to assist the budget analysis with or without implementing repair strategies. The results not only show the overall condition trend but also indicating considering repair activities is more sustainable. The Pareto Frontier curves indicate the optimal achievable performance with different levels of annual investment. They provide a benchmark for evaluating the efficiency of the current maintenance strategies and also the evidence for making a tradeoff between the investment level and the network performance. </p>