bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Minimalist Footwear in Middle and Long Distance Runners' Physical Fitness, Biomechanics, and Injury Incidence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Linares-Martín José Ángel , Rico-González Markel 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Interest in investigating minimalist footwear (MF) has grown exponentially in recent years. This article systematically reviews the benefits of MF for physical fitness, biomechanical factors, and injury incidence in middle and long distance runners. A systematic review of PubMed and FECYT (Web of Sciences, CCC, DIIDW, KJD, MEDLINE, RSCI, and SCIELO) was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines before 26 April of 2022. From the 583 studies initially found, 23 were included in the qualitative synthesis. The use of MF induces improvements in running economy and stride frequency in middle and long distance races and reduces the oscillations of a runner's center of gravity and support time. From a biomechanical viewpoint, MF enhances forefoot support and increases knee stability, leading to greater foot and ankle mobility. In addition, MF reduces impact load at the knee joint.
Strength and Conditioning for Cricket Fielding: A Narrative Review
Authors: Lim Julian , Wong Sing , McErlain-Naylor Stuart A. , Scanlan Aaron , Goggins Luke , Ahmun Rob , Comfort Paul , Weldon Anthony 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The main aim of cricket fielding is to minimize runs scored by the opposing batting team. This is achieved through (a) collecting a batted ball and returning it to the wicket-keeper to prevent runs from being scored, (b) dismissing a batter by catching a batted ball, (c) running a batter out by throwing the ball to strike the stumps, or 4) preventing a batted ball from hitting the boundary. These tasks require various physical fitness attributes, which can be developed through progressive strength and conditioning programming. To support strength and conditioning coaches in developing tailored programs for fielding, this narrative review provides comprehensive information, including a needs analysis, match demands, and injury epidemiology. Furthermore, programming considerations are given for physical testing, program design, and youth fielders. It is recommended to design and implement a well-rounded training program for fielding, focusing on developing a broad range of physical fitness attributes (e.g., aerobic fitness, speed, acceleration, change of direction speed, agility, and upper-body and lower-body strength and power). A combination of traditional weight training exercises and cricket-specific drills can be implemented to achieve this target. This approach allows the training program to meet the specific needs for high- performance fielding.
Human Performance Optimization (HPO) for the Warfighter—Keeping It Simple in a Complex Age: A Narrative Review
Authors: Nevin Jonpaul , Jones Martin Ian 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
For the past 2 decades, western Armed Forces have been almost continuously engaged in combat operations worldwide. Over this period, changes to the character of conflict, combined with technological advancements, have resulted in a contemporary military operational environment that is arguably more volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous than ever before. However, although the character of conflict may have changed, it fundamentally remains a human endeavor that places unique and intense physiological, psychological, and cognitive demands on the warfighter. As a result, there has been an increased emphasis in military and scientific circles on the concept of human performance optimization. In addition, the concept of the tactical athlete as a categorization for military personnel and those who work in extremis settings has developed within the professional strength and conditioning community. Therefore, the following narrative review aims to outline the concept of human performance optimization, review the demands of the modern operational environment, and provide strength and conditioning practitioners working with military personnel with evidence-based recommendations to optimize the physiological, psychological, and cognitive performance of the warfighter.
Interlimb Asymmetries in Swimming and Their Impact on Performance: Evidence From a Scoping Review
Authors: Knihs Débora A. , Bishop Chris , Zimmermann Haiko B. , Dal Pupo Juliano 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The objectives of this review were to (a) map the studies analyzing bilateral asymmetries in specific (in-water tests) and nonspecific (dry-land tests) swimming contexts and (b) investigate the effects of interlimb asymmetries on swimming performance. Searches were systematically conducted on 4 databases. Of 768 studies examined, 60 were eligible for the final selection (https://osf.io/46gya). Twenty-eight studies analyzed asymmetries during in-water tests, with asymmetry values ranging from 2.7 to 60.0%, and most studies (n = 18) reported significant between-limb differences (p < 0.05). Asymmetries were also analyzed during dry-land tests in 24 studies, with asymmetry values ranging from 1.1 to 16.6%. Interestingly, most of these studies (n = 12) did not verify any significant between-limb differences (p > 0.05). Eight studies measured asymmetries in both contexts and reported asymmetry values from −24.1–17.4%, with 4 studies finding significant differences between body sides (p < 0.05). Seven of the 60 studies selected investigated the relationship between asymmetries and swimming performance, with 5 reporting no meaningful associations. In conclusion, significant asymmetries in swimming are more evident during in-water than during dry-land tests. In addition, the few studies investigating asymmetries' influence on swimming performance reported that asymmetries rarely impact swimming performance.
Modulation of Motor Vigor by Expectation of Reward Probability Trial-by-Trial Is Preserved in Healthy Ageing and Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: Tecilla Margherita , Großbach Michael , Gentile Giovanni , Holland Peter , Sporn Sebastian , Antonini Angelo , Herrojo Ruiz Maria 
Published: February 2023

Motor improvements, such as faster movement times or increased velocity, have been associated with reward magnitude in deterministic contexts. Yet whether individual inferences on reward probability influence motor vigor dynamically remains undetermined. We investigated how dynamically inferring volatile action-reward contingencies modulated motor performance trial-by-trial. We conducted three studies that coupled a reversal learning paradigm with a motor sequence task and used a validated hierarchical Bayesian model to fit trial-by-trial data. In Study 1, we tested healthy younger [HYA; 37 (24 females)] and older adults [HOA; 37 (17 females)], and medicated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients [20 (7 females)]. We showed that stronger predictions about the tendency of the action-reward contingency led to faster performance tempo, commensurate with movement time, on a trial-by-trial basis without robustly modulating reaction time (RT). Using Bayesian linear mixed models, we demonstrated a similar invigoration effect on performance tempo in HYA, HOA, and PD, despite HOA and PD being slower than HYA. In Study 2 [HYA, 39 (29 females)], we additionally showed that retrospective subjective inference about credit assignment did not contribute to differences in motor vigor effects. Last, Study 3 [HYA, 33 (27 females)] revealed that explicit beliefs about the reward tendency (confidence ratings) modulated performance tempo trial-by-trial. Our study is the first to reveal that the dynamic updating of beliefs about volatile action-reward contingencies positively biases motor performance through faster tempo. We also provide robust evidence for a preserved sensitivity of motor vigor to inferences about the action-reward mapping in aging and medicated PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNavigating a world rich in uncertainty relies on updating beliefs about the probability that our actions lead to reward. Here, we investigated how inferring the action-reward contingencies in a volatile environment modulated motor vigor trial-by-trial in healthy younger and older adults, and in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients on medication. We found an association between trial-by-trial predictions about the tendency of the action-reward contingency and performance tempo, with stronger expectations speeding the movement. We additionally provided evidence for a similar sensitivity of performance tempo to the strength of these predictions in all groups. Thus, dynamic beliefs about the changing relationship between actions and their outcome enhanced motor vigor. This positive bias was not compromised by age or Parkinson's disease.
Constitutional Law System in Indonesia and Its Comparison with Other Legal Systems
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim , Siagian Amrizal , Zein Fitriyani 
Published: February 2023

Constitutional law is characterized in a broad sense as the legal laws controlling state structures, the interaction between vertical and horizontal state instruments, and the position of citizens and their human rights. Nevertheless, there are variations in the techniques and methods of applying the state system, in addition to the standard regulations that serve as the state's fundamental standards. This study employed a qualitative research strategy with a comparative study design. According to the findings of the study, the aims of the constitutional law systems of many nations are comparable. In contrast, Indonesia's legal system is founded on Pancasila and the Constitution of 1945 and seeks fairness for all its citizens. In Indonesia, the constitutional legal system recognizes legal plurality, Islamic law, and customary law. This is not found in other countries legal systems.Keywords: Legal System; State Administration; Legal Comparison Abstract:Hukum Tata Negara dalam pengertian umum diartikan sebagai sekumpulan peraturan hukum yang mengatur organisasi dari negara, hubungan antar alat perlengkapan negara dalam garis vertikal dan horizontal, serta kedudukan warga negara dan hak-hak asasinya. Namum dalam aplikasinya, terdapat perbedaan cara dan metode pelaksanaan sistem bernegara, selain terikat pada aturan baku yang menjadi landasan utama sebagai norma dasar suatu negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan comparative studies. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa ada kesamaan tujuan pada sistem hukum tata negara pada beberapa negara. Namun pada negara Indonesia, sistem hukumnya berdasarkan Pancasila dan UUD 1945 serta mencita-citakan keadilan bagi seluruh rakyatnya. Sistem hukum tata negara di Indonesia mengakui adanya pluralisme hukum, hukum Islam, dan hukum adat. Hal inilah yang tidak terdapat pada sistem hukum negara lain.Kata Kunci: Sistem Hukum; Tata Negara; Perbandingan Hukum
Staphylococcal biofilm on wedding rings worn by laboratory workers
Authors: Ćirković Ivana , Pejović Aleksa , Jovićević Miloš , Brkić Snežana , Djukić Slobodanka , Božić Dragana D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHands of healthcare workers play essential role in the spreading of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in and out of the healthcare settings. Less is known about the role of laboratory workers (LWs). The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of biofilm-forming staphylococci on the surface of jewelry rings of LWs and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.A total of 79 LWs from eight different microbiology laboratories that process and analyze specimens from the tertiary care hospitals in Belgrade, Serbia participated in the study. The study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review boards at hospitals. Samples were taken after hand washing. Bacteria on LWs wedding rings were detected with the rolling method, and further analyzed in order to determine the number of colony forming unit (CFU) per ring, species of bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, methicillin resistance and biofilm-producing capacity in vitro.Staphylococci were recovered from 60.8% of wedding rings. All strains produced biofilm (25% weak, 56.2% moderate and 18.8% large amount), with significant difference between species (P < 0.001). Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis formed the largest amount of biofilm and had the largest number of CFU per ring. Staphylococci were most commonly resistant to penicillin (66.7%), tetracycline (50.0%), and erythromycin (45.8%); 41.7% of isolates was multidrug resistant and mecA gene was detected in five strains. All strains were susceptible to linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin and tigecycline.Staphylococci colonize LWs wedding rings, form biofilm on it, have multidrug resistant phenotype and/or carry mecA gene, representing a significant reservoir for the spreading of microorganisms and resistance. As far as we know, our study is the first that address this topic in laboratory workers.
Unambiguous evidence that over half of gambling problems in Australia are caused by electronic gambling machines: Results from a large-scale composite population study
Authors: Browne Matthew , Delfabbro Paul , Thorne Hannah B. , Tulloch Catherine , Rockloff Matthew J. , Hing Nerilee , Dowling Nicki A , Stevens Matthew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsIt is well understood that engagement with some forms of gambling, like EGMs, is riskier than other forms. However, while reports of associations are common, few studies have attempted to evaluate and compare the relative risk of all available forms, and none have estimated the relative contribution of each form to the total burden of gambling problems (GP) in a population.MethodsUsing an aggregated dataset of national and state-based prevalence studies in Australia (N = 71,103), we estimated prevalence and unique effects of frequency of engagement on each form on GP. Two alternative numerical methods were then applied to infer the relative contribution of each form to the total amount of GP.ResultsEGMs are responsible for 51%–57% of gambling problems in Australia, and 90% of gambling problems are attributable to EGMs, casino, race, and sports betting. Casino table games and EGMs are equally risky at the individual level, but the former contribute far less to problems due to low participation. Bingo and lottery play show no statistically detectable risk for GP.Discussion and conclusionThe results illustrate which forms present the greatest population burden and illuminate the reasons why. EGMs have an outsized impact. EGM uniquely combines high risk conditional on play, with a high participation rate and a high frequency of play among participants. This is in contrast to risky but less commonly played casino games, and prevalent but non-risky forms like lotteries. We conclude that EGM regulation should be a primary focus of policy action in Australia. More innovative policy ideas relating to EGMs should be tested due to the disproportionate impact of this product type.
Estilo Run-and-gun e Herança Neorrealista: Regimes de Realismo em Cidade de Deus e Pixote, a Lei do Mais Fraco
Authors: Bulhões Marcelo 
Published: February 2023

O propósito deste artigo é promover um exercício teórico e analítico pelo cotejo de dois filmes brasileiros de clara associação temática, Pixote, a Lei do Mais Fraco (1980) e Cidade de Deus (2002), cujos regimes de realismo se distinguem. Tal cotejo permite reconhecer a gestação de importantes mutações na retratação da marginalidade social brasileira. Enquanto Pixote organiza certo delineamento narrativo-audiovisual que acusa a herança neorrealista do “filme verdade” e estabelece certas afinidades com o Cinema Novo, em Cidade de Deus o estilo run-and-gun é expediente discursivo que não atenua as marcas da mediação técnica que produz as imagens, portadoras de estatuto de autenticidade. Embora o recorte seja breve, o artigo encaminha uma reflexão sobre o problema da enunciação cinematográfica em dimensão mais ampla. Em termos metodológicos, o artigo é tomado por envergadura analítico-interpretativa ancorada em procedimentos de análise fílmica, aliados a contribuições a respeito da enunciação cinematográfica.
Integrasi Alam dan Budaya Lokal Masyarakat Adat Sembalun Lawang
Authors: Solikatun Solikatun , Wijayanti Ika , Komalasari Maya Atri 
Published: February 2023

Hubungan masyarakat dengan alam semesta sangat erat. Masyarakat memanfaatkan alam untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Masyarakat dalam berinteraksi dengan alam menggunakan nilai dan aturan-aturan yang nantinya menjadi adat istiadat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara mendalam integrasi alam dan budaya lokal masyarakat Sembalun Lawang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian berada di Desa Sembalun Lawang, Kecamatan Sembalun, Kabupaten Lombok Timur, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Desa Sembalun Lawang dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik snowball sampling (bola salju). Adapun proses analisis dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan yang meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan/verifikasi data dalam bentuk laporan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Sembalun Lawang sendiri memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat dengan alam. Dimana pandangan masyarakat mengenai alam, alam harus diperlakukan dengan sebaik mungkin. Masyarakat sangat tergantung pada alam, baik dalam bidang ekonomi, dan pariwisata. Alam juga turut serta memberi dampak terhadap berbagai tindakan sosial yang dilakukan oleh manusia. Interaksi antara manusia dan lingkungan alam menimbulkan adanya nilai dan norma-norma yang telah disepakati bersama oleh masyarakat setempat. Untuk menjaga dan melestarikan alam dan budaya lokal dibutuhkan partisipasi masyarakat dan kerjasama dengan berbagai pihak, baik pemerintah maupun swasta.
Konflik Sosial Keagamaan Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Azizah Lutfatul , Nuruddin Nuruddin 
Published: February 2023

Konflik sosial keagamaan dimasa pandemi Covid 19 yang terjadi karena dianggap tidak efektifnya kebijakan pemerintah yang menerapkan social distancing dan physical distancing untuk menjawab persoalan sosial keagamaan masyarakat. Maklumat MUI NTB No 14 tahun 2020 sebagai landasan hukum pemberlakuan social distancing dan physical distancing mengalami pergolakan yang sangat besar dikalangan masyarakat NTB, Lombok khususnya menunjukkan terjadinya konflik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data sosial observasi tidak langsung, wawancara online dan dokumentasi secara online. Untuk analisis konflik kerangka teori yang digunakan adalah interaksionisme simbolik, guna menjelaskan akar konflik yang terjadi. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah alat analisis ‘bawang merah’ dari Simon Fisher. Penelitian ini menemukan ketidak konsistensian MUI NTB dalam merespon pandemi Covid 19 dalam praktik-praktik keagamaan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan konflik yang terjadi berbentuk konflik realistis atau konflik yang terjadi karena ketidak sepahaman diantara masing-masing aktor konflik. Interpretasi berbeda terhadap maklumat MUI NTB yang dipengaruhi situasi sosial masing-masing aktor menjadi objek utama konflik. Penyelesaian yang dapat diupayakanpun tergantung bentuk konflik yang terjadi yakni konflik realistis diselesaikan dengan dialog dan musyawarah.
Character Education Socialization Pattern Among Young Generations in Perang Topat Tradition
Authors: Zaki M 
Published: February 2023

Character education is an action of educating the young generation to keep perfecting the individual self and practicing self competency toward the better life. This research aims to analyze the character education socialization pattern in young generation in perang topat (Topat War) tradition in Lingsar Village of Lombok Barat as the unit of analysis. This research employed qualitative method with case study approach, and then processed quantitative data collected from the result of field study through observation, in-depth interview, and documentation. The result of research shows that the character education socialization pattern in young generation in perang topat tradition in Lingsar Village of West Lombok consists of three patterns: socializing the symbolic meaning in perang topat tradition to the Young Generations, performing perang topat traditional practice annually, and preserving and then bequeathing this tradition to the Young Generations.
Methamphetamine-Related Mortality in the United States: Co-Involvement of Heroin and Fentanyl, 1999–2021
Authors: Hoopsick Rachel A. , Andrew Yockey R. 
Published: February 2023

Objectives. To examine trends in methamphetamine-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2021 and the extent to which these deaths co-involved heroin or fentanyl. Methods. We obtained final and provisional data from the CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research) multiple causes of death database for deaths that involved methamphetamine and deaths that involved both methamphetamine and heroin or fentanyl mong US residents aged 15 to 74 years. We plotted the age-adjusted methamphetamine-related mortality rate by year and quantified the proportion of deaths with heroin or fentanyl co-involvement. Finally, we used joinpoint regression to quantify trends in the methamphetamine mortality rate and proportion of deaths with heroin or fentanyl co-involvement. Results. From 1999 to 2021, there was a 50-fold increase in the methamphetamine mortality rate, which was accompanied by an increasing proportion of deaths that co-involved heroin or fentanyl, peaking at 61.2% in 2021. Conclusions. Unprecedented increases in methamphetamine-related mortality have occurred during the last decade, and an increasing proportion of these deaths co-involved heroin or fentanyl. Public Health Implications. Stark increases in methamphetamine-related mortality and heroin or fentanyl co-involvement warrant robust harm reduction efforts, especially for people who engage in polysubstance use. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(4):416–419. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307212 )