bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Sorghum Stalk as a Partial Replacement of Lime in the Stabilization of Red Clay Soil for Road Sub-Grade Construction
Authors: Kimarai Joel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This research aimed at testing the viability of using Sorghum Stalk Ash (SSA) as a partial replacement of lime in the stabilization of red clay soils for road subgrade construction. Red clay soils have been identified as highly expansive soils, which are affected by both climatic conditions and loading patterns. The consideration of both traffic loading patterns and climatic effects on these soils has been taken into account. A penetration test of 2.5mm has been used on both pure red soils and stabilized soils at 10% and 15% partial replacement of lime with SSA and showed an improvement in the CBR of stabilized red clay soils up to 11.6%. Again, the PI of stabilized soils at 15% partial replacement of lime reduced up to 11.2%. The results obtained on both CBR and PI of these red clay soils are within the recommended values for the effective subgrade required for laying both permanent and flexible pavements. As a result, a recommendation of making use of SSA to lower the quantities of lime and its costs used in the stabilization of highly expansive soils have been tested through this research. However, further research on a more percentage partial replacement of lime to improve the PI of these soils to below 10% while keeping the CBR levels within the road construction regulations is welcomed. Therefore, the use of sorghum stalk plant parts in this study complies with international, national, and institutional guidelines regarding the properties of an effective pozzolana material.
Improving Real-Time Small Objects Detection by Fusion Features of Spatial Coordinates
Authors: Yu Qianjiang , Huang Tongyuan , Zhang Weifeng , Xu Jia , He Yunze 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The small-object detection challenge has long limited the advanced development of deep learning-based detection models. The downsampling of visual models leads to a severe loss of spatial information of small objects causing a great increase in the difficulty of models to capture the location of small ones. Inspired by the logic of human visual perception behavior, we found that the main limitation of small object detection is the position regression rather than category differentiation. Therefore, we first introduce coordinate features to perform multi-scale spatial information perception and element-level width and height independent coordinate encoding of image features in anticipation of easing the difficulty of small-object detection by convolutional neural network models. Secondly, we design a lightweight one-stage detector for the real-time small-object detection task based on the coordinate feature scheme and dense prediction architecture, and different lightweight cross-stage locally connected fusion attention methods are also proposed for feature maps of different scales suitable for use, including GSCSP-S and GSCSP-A. Finally, we take only 7 million parameters in VisDrone2019 UAV detection benchmark task accomplishes a test performance of 32.3% mAP, which provides a superior accuracy-speed tradeoff compared to current state-of-the-art one-stage real-time detectors of the same size.
Optimal Multi-Objective Operation of Energy System with Multi-Carrier by Taking Energy Buffering into Account
Authors: Zaferani Mohammad mehdi Mohammadi , Ebrahimi Reza , Ghanbari Mahmood 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Energy systems with multi-carrier are given as a significant solution for the future energy system by proposing integrated energy system framework to achieve sustainability. In this context, an energy hub (EH) issue has been taken into account in researching integrated energy systems. Besides, the energy storage system has a significant role in this energy system type to increase the renewable generation share and its penetration. This paper dedicates to suggest a method for the energy hub system short-term planning in consideration of the energy buffering cost and a comprehensive energy hub system. This energy hub is linked to the upstream energy networks and supplies the local demands for gas, heat, and electricity using various technologies and access to several energy carriers. The proposed problem considers various factors such as energy and economic factors. The suggested energy hub is offered as a prosumer, and both inside and outside energy flow of the energy hub would be considered as the proposed problem variables in a day-ahead energy market. Improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is applied to find solution of the proposed multi objective optimization problem. The implementation of the IPSO algorithm is evaluated with the conventional heuristic optimization algorithm, and the capabilities of the proposed problem is investigated by using the introduced model on a test system.
Application of the Composite Quality Score (CQS-2B) in systematic reviews of prospective, controlled, clinical therapy trials – an exploratory study (Preprint)
Authors: Mickenautsch Steffen , Rupf Stefan ,   Veerasamy Yengopal4
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To explore whether systematic review conclusions originally based on Cochrane’s second version of its Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2) do not differ when the CQS-2B is used for trial appraisal instead and to use the findings to develop a testable hypothesis.
Methods
PubMed was searched for one systematic review. From the review’s accepted trials, data concerning effect estimates and overall bias risk according to the RoB 2 tool were extracted. All trial reports were re-appraised using the CQS-2B. Datasets were stratified by overall bias risk (RoB 2) and per corroboration (C-) level (CQS-2B). All effect estimates from ‘low bias risk’ trials (RoB 2) and from trials with highest C-level with data (CQS-2B) were separately pooled. Both pooled effect estimates were statistically compared. All clinical conclusions based on the pooled ‘low bias risk’ estimates (RoB 2) and the highest C-level (CQS-2B) were qualitatively compared.
Results
The pooled effect estimates for trials with ‘low bias risk’ (RoB 2) were − 0.07, 95% CI: − 0.10 to − 0.04 (I2 = 0.0%) and for the highest C-levels (CQS-2B) 0.08, 95% CI: − 0.12 to − 0.04 (I2 = 57.0%). The difference was statistically not significant (p = 0.70). Contrary to the RoB 2 tool, no clinical conclusions in line with the CQS-2B were made, because the effect estimates were judged to be erroneously overestimated, due to high risk of bias.
Conclusion
The testable hypothesis was generated that trial appraisal using the CQS-2B provides more conservative conclusions based on similar data than trial appraisal using Cochrane’s RoB 2 tool.
Numerical comparison and efficiency analysis of three vertical axis turbine of H-Darrieus type
Authors: Guevara-Munoz Angie , Hincapie-Zuluaga Diego , Sierra-Del Rio Jorge , Rodriguez-Cabal Miguel Angel , Torres-Lopez Edwar 
Published: March 2023

Hydropower is an important source of energy in Latin America. Many countries in the region, including Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Chile, rely heavily on hydropower plants to meet their energy needs. However, there are also challenges related to the use of hydropower in the region, such as the construction of dams that can have negative impacts on ecosystems and local communities. A new alternative is the production of energy through hydrokinetic turbines because they are a clean and renewable energy source that does not emit greenhouse gases. In addition, its production is predictable and can be generated in a variety of environments, from coasts to rivers and canals. Within the hydrokinetic turbines are the H-Darrieus turbines although they are still under development, they are seen as an important opportunity to diversify the energy matrix and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The main purpose of this study is to determine and compare the efficiency of three Darrieus H-type vertical axis hydrokinetic turbines numerically. The turbines were configured with different solidities. The NACA 0018 profile was used for the turbine design. The study was carried out using the ANSYS® Fluent 2022R2 software, two-dimensional (2D) simulations set up constant operating conditions. Rotation speed variations have been set between 21 and 74 RPM with 10 rpm increments. Furthermore, the General Richardson extrapolation method is used for the analysis of mesh convergence, monitoring the turbine power coefficient as a convergence parameter. The numerical results show that the turbine H-Darrieus with a solidity of 1.0, a wider operating range, and lower power and torque coefficient. At low TRS, the largest solidity provided the best efficiency and the greatest self-starting capability, but it also had the smallest operating range
Investigation of the formation of microstructure and strength characteristics of slag-alkaline arbolite
Authors: Isakulov Baizak , Abdullaev Hamit , Mukasheva Almagul , Akishev Uzakbai , Ordabayeva Gulsaira 
Published: March 2023

The creation of the slag-alkaline arbolite's structure is examined in this study, which is based on measurements of the deformation of the mortar component, contact zone, and filler. Composites made of slag and alkaline arbolite are among the lightest building materials available, with excellent sound insulation and low thermal conductivity. Standard measuring equipment and procedures for analyzing the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of slag-alkaline arbolite composites were employed during the experimental tests. All of the test samples were light concrete prisms with a cross section of 150x150 mm and a length of 600 mm. For comparison, one portion of the samples was constructed of slag-alkaline Portland cement, and the other portion was made of slag-alkaline binder with crushed cotton stem fibers as an organic component. The durability and deformability of arbolite were tested under Kazakhstan weather conditions and in standard hardening chambers. The arbolite underwent a compression stress that ranged from (0.3 to 0.75) Rbn of prismatic strength. It was discovered that the organic cellulose filler added to the slag-alkaline binder based on crushed cotton stalk fiber, which makes up to 70 % of the volume, has a major impact on the way structures are formed. The system becomes rigid, the elasticity changes, and the acoustic properties in this case will fix both physical and physico-chemical processes when a porous organic filler is added. The acquired results can be applied to the creation of efficient wall materials for civil buildings, including seismic zones
Vergasovaite to cupromolybdite topotactic transformation with crystal shape preservation
Authors: Nazarchuk Evgeni V. , Siidra Oleg I. , Charkin Dmitri O. , Nikolaevich Gleb V. , Borisov Artem S. , Ugolkov Valery L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Thermal behavior of vergasovaite, ideally Cu3O(SO4)(MoO4), and its synthetic analog has been studied by high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the temperature range of 300–1100 K. According to EMPA results, the empirical formulas are (Cu2.36Zn0.61)Σ2.97O[(Mo0.91S0.08V0.04)Σ1.03O4](SO4) for vergasovaite and Cu2.97O[(Mo0.92S0.09)Σ1.01O4](SO4) for its synthetic analog. The mineral is stable up to 950 ± 15 K; at 975 K, the unit-cell parameters and volume increase abruptly due to topotactic transformation of vergasovaite to cupromolybdite, Cu3O(MoO4)2. The transformation is accompanied by loss of sulfur (and excess copper) without destruction of the crystal. The thermal expansion of the vergasovaite structure is strongly anisotropic, being minimal along the [O2Cu6]8+ chains comprised of vertex-sharing OCu4 tetrahedra. This peculiar thermal behavior can be explained by the anisotropy of bond-length evolution in the Cu1O6 and Cu3O6 octahedra and the flexibility of the S-O-Cu and Mo-O-Cu bond angles. Synthetic Zn- and V-free analogs demonstrate negative thermal expansion at 425–625 K and melt at as low temperature as 700 K with no indication of transformation or recrystallization at least below 1200 K.
The topotactic transformation observed in vergasovaite may have important implications for the design of novel materials and for understanding the alteration processes of copper minerals.
Simulated diagenesis of the iron-silica precipitates in banded iron formations
Authors: Hinz Isaac L. , Rossi Leanne , Ma Chi , Johnson Jena E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Banded iron formations (BIF) are chemically precipitated sediments that can record Archean ocean geochemistry. BIFs are laminated silica- and iron-rich deposits that host a range of iron(II, III) minerals, including hematite, magnetite, siderite, greenalite, minnesotaite, and stilpnomelane. This diverse mineralogical assemblage reflects secondary mineralization reactions due to diagenesis and/or post-depositional alteration. While petrographic observations of BIFs sparingly contain the iron silicate greenalite, recent evidence of greenalite nanoparticles preserved in early-mineralizing BIF chert suggest this mineral was a primary phase in BIF progenitor sediments. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the formation and alteration of greenalite to constrain the Archean ocean environment and help unravel post-depositional processes. To examine how iron silicates precipitate and then crystallize and/or transform during diagenesis, we simulated these two processes under Archean ocean conditions. We first precipitated a poorly ordered Fe-rich serpentine with subsidiary ferrihydrite at neutral pH by performing in situ Fe(II) oxidation experiments at 25 °C in the presence of silica. Subjected to simulated diagenesis at 80 °C, the rudimentary Fe-phyllosilicate transformed into a crystalline phyllosilicate characterized as 30% cronstedtite and 70% greenalite accompanied by magnetite and persistent ferrihydrite. At temperatures ≤150 °C, we continued to observe ferrihydrite, increased magnetite formation, and elevated incorporation of Mg into the phyllosilicate as it further recrystallized into Mg-greenalite. Our findings demonstrate a possible formation mechanism of early silicates through partial Fe(II) oxidation and support petrographic observations that magnetite likely mineralizes during diagenesis. Additionally, we suggest that Mg contents in BIF iron phyllosilicates could serve as a tracer for diagenesis, with Mg signaling phyllosilicate-fluid interactions at elevated temperatures. Ultimately, our experiments help reveal how initial iron-silica coprecipitates are altered during diagenesis, providing novel insights into the interpretation of greenalite and magnetite in ancient BIF assemblages.
Fotografía de Ricardo Antúnez. <i>Lejos del mito</i>
Authors: Antúnez Ricardo 
Published: March 2023

Según datos del año 2006, solo el 32% de los jóvenes de 20 años completó su educación secundaria. La cifra desciende al 8,8% en los hogares pobres y al 6,2% si, además, se trata de varones. Porcentajes similares se conocen desde hace una década. La deserción se concentra en los tres primeros años de la enseñanza media. El programa Aulas Comunitarias — en el que convergen el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social (MIDES) y el Consejo de Educación Secundaria, pero cuya gestión se confía a organizaciones no gubernamentales— intenta disminuir el abandono en el tránsito de la escuela al liceo, un escalón en el que un importante número de adolescentes se desvincula del sistema educativo.
Hablando se entiende la gente
Authors: Montuori Elisa 
Published: March 2023

Mientras en Europa el auge de los dialectos hace de Bruselas una pequeña torre de Babel, globalmente el número de idiomas declina estrepitosamente, y con cada idioma desaparece no solo una forma de expresión lingüística, sino un modo de interpretar y catalogar la realidad. De las 6.900 lenguas que actualmente se hablan en el mundo podría desaparecer hasta un 90%. Por este motivo, y en el marco del año internacional de los idiomas, varias asociaciones proponen introducir el concepto de derechos humanos lingüísticos y salvar la existencia de las lenguas en peligro.
TV digital en Uruguay. ¿Oportunidad productiva o recambio tecnológico?
Authors: Giaimo Mariangela 
Published: March 2023

La Licenciatura en Comunicación Social de la Universidad Católica del Uruguay organizó un debate sobre la tecnología de televisión digital, para el cual reunió importantes actores locales de diferentes sectores vinculados a la Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT). Con discrepancias y coincidencias, los participantes plantearon sus puntos de vista sobre el asunto desde el ámbito de las políticas de comunicación, desde la visión de la propia televisión local —pública y privada— y también desde la perspectiva de los productores de contenidos.
Fatores de Influência no Desempenho em Redes de Colaboração Interorganizacional Horizontal: Um Estudo no Segmento de Autopeças
Authors: Xavier Filho Jose Lindenberg Julião , Soares Francisco de Assis , Dos Santos Sandra Maria , Cabral Augusto Cézar de Aquino , Pessoa Maria Naíula Monteiro , Roldan Vivianne Pereira Salas 
Published: March 2023

O segmento do aftermarket de autopeças nacional vive uma profunda mudança em seus canais de distribuição, comprimindo a figura do varejo que, para responder a tais mudanças, tem se unido e constituído diversas ações, dentre elas a formação da Rede Âncora de Autopeças. As redes de colaboração interorganizacional têm o potencial de contribuir para a competitividade das empresas que a integram, uma vez que permitem acesso a informações, recursos, mercados e tecnologias, que ampliam as vantagens econômicas no tocante ao aprendizado, às escalas e escopo de produção ou de comercialização. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi verificar a influência dos fatores estruturais e relacionais na percepção do desempenho pelos gestores das empresas que integram a Rede Âncora de Pernambuco. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza explicativa, com abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo junto às empresas participantes dessa rede, sendo utilizados como instrumentos de coleta um questionário aplicado junto aos gestores dessa empresas e uma entrevista semi-estruturada com o atual presidente da Rede Âncora de Pernambuco. Para o tratamento dos dados advindos do questionário, foram usadas estatística descritiva e regressão múltipla. Na análise da regressão múltipla, foi utilizado o modelo o recíproco uma vez que a literatura não apontava um modelo empírico já testado. Com os resultados obtidos, confirma-se estatisticamente a relação entre a dimensão estrutural e a dimensão relacional com o desempenho percebido pelos gestores.
Их номч багш Намсрайн Содном
Authors: О Лхагва 
Published: March 2023

Цэг мэтэд хурсан гаргууд нягтрая дэлбэрч үүссэн бараагүй холхи цагаас инагш ирчлон урт ужиг хувьслыг туулжээ. Хүмүүний оюун ухаан, нийгмийн өрнөлийн өнөөгийн өндөрлөгт хүртэл дэвжихдээ хорвоогийн түг түмэн юмс нь тасралтгүй төрлийг олох хийгээд бас түүнийг арилжсаар иржээ. Нөгөөтэйгүүр атом, цөмийн ертөнцийн зүй жамыг судлах хувь тохиосон бидний хэн маань ч аливаа юмс, үзэгдэл хязгаартай огторгуйд, төгсгөлөг хугацаанд бүрэлдэж. хувирдагийг гүнээ мэдэрдэг билээ.
Implicit Tax, Tax Incidence, and Pretax Returns
Authors: Guenther David A. , Sansing Richard C. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the relation between tax rates and pretax returns by showing how implicit tax, tax incidence, and tax capitalization change in response to a tax rate change. We examine these issues in the context of both financial assets and real investments made by corporations in a competitive equilibrium in which all investments earn the same after-tax rate of return. Results show that the pretax return increases in the statutory tax rate due to an explicit tax rate effect and decreases due to a cost of capital effect; the net effect is ambiguous. In contrast, the implicit tax rate is weakly increasing in the statutory tax rate. We also relate our findings to the empirical literature on the effects of taxes on pretax returns.
JEL Classifications: H22; H25.
Structural Racism as an Upstream Social Determinant of Diabetes Outcomes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Egede Leonard E. , Campbell Jennifer A. , Walker Rebekah J. , Linde Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the evidence on the role of structural racism as an upstream factor impacting diabetes outcomes, identify current gaps, and recommend areas for future work.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA reproducible search of Medline and Ovid was used. Structural factors based on the World Health Organization social determinants of health framework (governance, macroeconomic policy, social policy, public policy, and cultural and societal values) had to be included as measured variables or contextual factors discussed as upstream influences. Outcomes included 1) hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 2) LDL, 3) BMI, 4) quality of life, 5) self-efficacy, 6) mortality, 7) years of life lost, and 8) self-care behaviors.RESULTSThirteen articles were included for final synthesis. Ten studies focused on governance, two on social policies, one on public policies, and one on cultural and societal values. Results highlight significant associations between structural racism and poorer clinical outcomes (HbA1c and blood pressure), worse self-care behaviors (diet and physical activity), lower standards of care, higher mortality, and more years of life lost for adults with diabetes.CONCLUSIONSThere is a paucity of work investigating the relationship between structural racism and diabetes outcomes. Five areas for future work include 1) more rigorous research on the relationship between structural racism, downstream social determinants, and health outcomes in diabetes, 2) policy assessments specific to diabetes outcomes, 3) research designed to examine pathways and mechanisms of influence, 4) intervention development to mitigate the impact of structural racism, and 5) tracking and monitoring of change over time.
Influence of Cigarette Smoking on Liver Function and Lipids Levels Tests: A comparative Study Directed among Smokers and Non-smokers in Babylon Governorate
Authors: Al-Mousawi Haider Turky Mousa , Ali Alia Hussein , Hashim Nadhim 
Published: March 2023

Cigarette smoking currently is considered as one of the greatest problems in public health worldwide and is risk factor for peripheral vascular disorders and heart disease. The monitoring of liver function and total cholesterol are very important to give an estimation of the future cardiovascular diseases among smokers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the serum levels of liver enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine transaminase (GPT) and cholesterol activities among Iraqi smokers in Babylon City, compared to apparently healthy individuals (non-smokers) as a control group (all were males). A case- control study was carried out on forty Iraqi male smokers who smoke at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least15 years. The group includes smokers with age range between 15-55 years. Non-smokers, (control, n= 20) group were collected with the same range of age for statistical comparison. The whole blood samples were drawn by venipuncture from each individual; levels of cholesterol and liver functions test were estimated in the blood serum of smokers and non-smokers by diagnostic kit (Randox corporation-UK) using automatic analyzer.The findings of this study showed that there was a significant higher level of total cholesterol, ALT, and AST in the smokers group compared to non-smokers (P<0.05). As well as, the results showed a significant positive correlation between the smokers’ age and serum GOT, GPT and cholesterol activity (Increasing) especially in age between 45 to 55 years old, as compared to control. In addition, total cholesterol and liver function enzymes were significantly positive correlated with the duration of smoking (P<0.05).Cigarette smoking leads to oxidative stress by free radical generation by the mechanism of lipid peroxidation that is affected by the heaviness of smoking. Smoking exerts negative influence on liver functions test that should be carefully interpreted and preventive strategies needed to avoid the future cardiovascular diseases.