bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional-mapping-guided permanent conduction system pacing in paediatric patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Silvetti Massimo Stefano , Favoccia Carla , Saputo Fabio Anselmo , Tamburri Ilaria , Mizzon Chiara , Campisi Marta , Gimigliano Fabrizio , Rinelli Gabriele , Rava Lucilla , Drago Fabrizio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsIn congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) the right ventricle (RV) is systemic. Atrioventricular block (AVB) and systolic dysfunction are frequently observed. Permanent pacing of the subpulmonary left ventricle (LV) may worsen RV dysfunction. The aim of this study was to seek out if LV conduction system pacing (LVCSP) guided by three-dimensional-electroanatomic mapping systems (3D-EAMs) can preserve RV systolic function in paediatric CCTGA patients with AVB.Methods and resultsRetrospective analysis of CCTGA patients who underwent 3D-EAM-guided LVCSP. Three-dimensional-pacing map guided lead implantation towards septal sites with narrower paced QRS. Electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiograms, and lead parameters (threshold, sensing, and impedance) were compared at baseline (pre-implantation) and at 1-year follow-up. Right ventricle function was evaluated by 3D ejection fraction (EF), fractional area change (FAC), RV global longitudinal strain (GLS). Data are reported as median (25th–75th centiles). Seven CCTGA patients aged 15 (9–17) years, with complete/advanced AVB (4 with prior epicardial pacing), underwent 3D-guided LVCSP (5 DDD, 2 VVIR). Baseline echocardiographic parameters were impaired in most patients. No acute/chronic complications occurred. Ventricular pacing was &gt;90%. At 1-year follow-up QRS duration showed no significant changes compared with baseline; however, QRS duration shortened in comparison with prior epicardial pacing. Lead parameters remained acceptable despite ventricular threshold increased. Systemic RV function was preserved: FAC and GLS improved significantly, and all patients showed normal RV EF (&gt;45%).ConclusionThree-dimensional-EAM-guided LVCSP preserved RV systolic function in paediatric patients with CCTGA and AVB after short-term follow-up.
On the origin of patterns of temperature-dependent sex determination
Authors: Krueger Caleb J , Janzen Fredric J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) exhibit significant variation in the relationship between incubation temperatures and the sex ratios they produce, making this an ideal system for comparing processes producing variation above and below the species level. Furthermore, a deeper mechanistic understanding of TSD macro- and microevolution may help reveal the currently unknown adaptive significance of this variation or of TSD as a whole. Here, we probe these topics by examining the evolutionary dynamics of this sex-determining mechanism in turtles. Our ancestral state reconstructions of discrete patterns of TSD suggest that producing females at cool incubation temperatures is derived and potentially adaptive. However, the ecological irrelevance of these cool temperatures and a strong genetic correlation across the sex-ratio reaction norm in Chelydra serpentina both contradict this interpretation. We further find the phenotypic consequence of this genetic correlation in C. serpentina reflected across all turtle species, suggesting that a single genetic architecture underlies both intra- and interspecific variation in TSD in this clade. This correlated architecture can explain the macroevolutionary origin of discrete TSD patterns without assigning cool-temperature female production an adaptive value. However, this architecture may also constrain adaptive microevolutionary responses to ongoing climate change.
Pain Increases the Risk for Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Adults: Results From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Koyanagi Ai , Barbagallo Mario , Dominguez Ligia J , Maggi Stefania , Soysal Pinar , Bolzetta Francesco , Ruotolo Giovanni , Castagna Alberto , Smith Lee 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Pain and sarcopenia are common in older people. Cross-sectional studies have reported a significant association between these two conditions, but cohort studies exploring pain as a potential risk factor for sarcopenia are scarce. Given this background, the aim of the present work was to investigate the association between pain (and its severity) at baseline, and the incidence of sarcopenia over 10 years of follow-up in a large representative sample of the English older adult population.

Methods
Pain was diagnosed using self-reported information and categorized as mild to severe pain at four sites (low back, hip, knee, and feet). Incident sarcopenia was defined as having low handgrip strength and low skeletal muscle mass during the follow-up period. The association between pain at baseline and incident sarcopenia was assessed using an adjusted logistic regression analysis, and reported as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
The 4 102 participants without sarcopenia at baseline had a mean ± standard deviation age of 69.7 ± 7.2 years, and they were mainly male (55.6%). Pain was present in 35.3% of the sample. Over 10 years of follow-up, 13.9% of the participants developed sarcopenia. After adjusting for 12 potential confounders, people with pain reported a significantly higher risk of sarcopenia (OR = 1.46: 95% CI: 1.18–1.82). However, only severe pain was significantly associated with incident sarcopenia, without significant differences across the four sites assessed.

Conclusions
The presence of pain, particularly severe pain, was associated with a significantly higher risk of incident sarcopenia.
Using interactive television-based art therapy to treat post-traumatic symptoms among survivors of abduction in Nigeria
Authors: Anazor Anikpe Ekenechukwu , Onosahwo Iyendo Timothy , Krydz Ikwuemesi Chukwuezugo , Sani Ine-Ere Rita , Akabuike Chikelue Chris , Apuke Oberiri Destiny , Gever Verlumun Celestine 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThis study was a quasi-experimental design that was aimed at understanding the impact of interactive television-based art therapy for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among school children who have experienced abduction. Participants took part in a 12-week art therapy delivered through interactive television. The result showed that art therapy was effective in reducing PTSD symptoms. A follow-up assessment after 6 months showed a steady decline in PTSD symptoms among participants in the treatment group when compared with their counterparts in the non-treatment group. The implications of these results have been discussed and recommendations made.
Disease-associated mutations in Drp1 have fundamentally different effects on the mitochondrial fission machinery
Authors: Bauer Brianna L , Rochon Kristy , Liu Jasmine C , Ramachandran Rajesh , Mears Jason A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Patient mutations have been identified throughout dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), the key protein mediator of mitochondrial fission. These changes generally impact young children and often result in severe neurological defects and, in some instances, death. Until now, the underlying functional defect leading to patient phenotypes has been largely speculative. We therefore analyzed six disease-associated mutations throughout the GTPase and middle domains (MD) of Drp1. The MD plays a role in Drp1 oligomerization, and three mutations in this region were predictably impaired in self-assembly. However, another mutant in this region (F370C) retained oligomerization capability on pre-curved membranes despite being assembly-limited in solution. Instead, this mutation impaired membrane remodeling of liposomes, which highlights the importance of Drp1 in generating local membrane curvature before fission. Two GTPase domain mutations were also observed in different patients. The G32A mutation was impaired in GTP hydrolysis both in solution and in the presence of lipid but remains capable of self-assembly on these lipid templates. The G223V mutation also exhibited decreased GTPase activity and was able to assemble on pre-curved lipid templates; however, this change impaired membrane remodeling of unilamellar liposomes similar to F370C. This demonstrates that the Drp1 GTPase domain also contributes to self-assembly interactions that drive membrane curvature. Overall, the functional defects caused by mutations in Drp1 are highly variable even for mutations that reside within the same functional domain. This study provides a framework for characterizing additional Drp1 mutations to provide a comprehensive understanding of functional sites within this essential protein.
The risk of miscarriage following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rimmer Michael P , Teh Jhia J , Mackenzie Scott C , Al Wattar Bassel H 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSTUDY QUESTIONWhat is the risk of miscarriage among pregnant women who received any of the COVID-19 vaccines?SUMMARY ANSWERThere is no evidence that COVID-19 vaccines are associated with an increased risk of miscarriage.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the mass roll-out of vaccines helped to boost herd immunity and reduced hospital admissions, morbidity, and mortality. Still, many were concerned about the safety of vaccines for pregnancy, which may have limited their uptake among pregnant women and those planning a pregnancy.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONFor this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception until June 2022 using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSWe included observational and interventional studies that enrolled pregnant women and evaluated any of the available COVID-19 vaccines compared to placebo or no vaccination. We primarily reported on miscarriage in addition to ongoing pregnancy and/or live birth.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEWe included data from 21 studies (5 randomized trials and 16 observational studies) reporting on 149 685 women. The pooled rate of miscarriage among women who received a COVID-19 vaccine was 9% (n = 14 749/123 185, 95% CI 0.05–0.14). Compared to those who received a placebo or no vaccination, women who received a COVID-19 vaccine did not have a higher risk of miscarriage (risk ratio (RR) 1.07, 95% CI 0.89–1.28, I2 35.8%) and had comparable rates for ongoing pregnancy or live birth (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97–1.03, I2 10.72%).LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONOur analysis was limited to observational evidence with varied reporting, high heterogeneity and risk of bias across included studies, which may limit the generalizability and confidence in our findings.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSCOVID-19 vaccines are not associated with an increase in the risk of miscarriage or reduced rates of ongoing pregnancy or live birth among women of reproductive age. The current evidence remains limited and larger population studies are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)No direct funding was provided to support this work. M.P.R. was funded by the Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health Grant No: MR/N022556/1. B.H.A.W. hold a personal development award from the National Institute of Health Research in the UK. All authors declare no conflict of interest.REGISTRATION NUMBERCRD42021289098.
The 2022 n2c2/UW shared task on extracting social determinants of health
Authors: Lybarger Kevin , Yetisgen Meliha , Uzuner Özlem 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
The n2c2/UW SDOH Challenge explores the extraction of social determinant of health (SDOH) information from clinical notes. The objectives include the advancement of natural language processing (NLP) information extraction techniques for SDOH and clinical information more broadly. This article presents the shared task, data, participating teams, performance results, and considerations for future work.

Materials and Methods
The task used the Social History Annotated Corpus (SHAC), which consists of clinical text with detailed event-based annotations for SDOH events, such as alcohol, drug, tobacco, employment, and living situation. Each SDOH event is characterized through attributes related to status, extent, and temporality. The task includes 3 subtasks related to information extraction (Subtask A), generalizability (Subtask B), and learning transfer (Subtask C). In addressing this task, participants utilized a range of techniques, including rules, knowledge bases, n-grams, word embeddings, and pretrained language models (LM).

Results
A total of 15 teams participated, and the top teams utilized pretrained deep learning LM. The top team across all subtasks used a sequence-to-sequence approach achieving 0.901 F1 for Subtask A, 0.774 F1 Subtask B, and 0.889 F1 for Subtask C.

Conclusions
Similar to many NLP tasks and domains, pretrained LM yielded the best performance, including generalizability and learning transfer. An error analysis indicates extraction performance varies by SDOH, with lower performance achieved for conditions, like substance use and homelessness, which increase health risks (risk factors) and higher performance achieved for conditions, like substance abstinence and living with family, which reduce health risks (protective factors).
Comprehensive Characterization and Identification of Chemical Constituents of Xiangsha Pingwei Pills by UPLC–Q-TOF-MS
Authors: Xiong Hui , Li Na , Yu Yongzhou , Liu Zi , Li Zhe , Zhao Lanqingqing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Xiangsha Pingwei Pills (XPP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, which is widely used to treat epigastric pain in China. Its systematic chemical characteristics have rarely been reported, which hinders the interpretation of the material basis of its prescription.

Objective
To establish a rapid and effective component characterization method for XPP using ultra-HPLC–quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–Q-TOF-MS) and the data post-processing program, Peakview 1.2 software.

Methods
A UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method coupled with Peakview 1.2 software was successfully established for the first time to investigate the complex constituents of XPP. Accurate MS and MS/MS data were detected in positive and negative ion mode. The compounds were tentatively identified based on their retention times, MS, and MS/MS data, as well as reference standards and from the literature.

Results
The chemical profile of XPP was acquired, and a total of 130 compounds in XPP were preliminarily identified for the first time, including 6 organic acids, 59 flavonoids, 13 lignans, 20 terpenoids, 9 phenylpropanoids, 6 alkaloids, 5 amino acids, and 12 other compounds.

Conclusion
A rapid and effective UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method for the main chemical components of XPP has been established for further characterizing constituents and the overall quality control of XPP.

Highlights
This is the first report of a comprehensive analysis method for the main chemical components of XPP, which aims to lay a solid foundation for the chemical basis and overall quality control of XPP.
Surgical Experiences From a French Forward Surgical Team on Board of the Landing Helicopter Deck MISTRAL
Authors: Ghabi Ammar , De Geofroy Bernard , Gorin Cécile , Candoni Philippe , Blomme Edouard , Ezanno Anne Cecile 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Onboard surface ships like destroyers and frigates, there is ROLE 1, whereas on a three-landing helicopter deck (LHD) and aircraft carrier, there is ROLE 2, with a surgical team. At sea, evacuation takes more time than on any other theater of operation. It also costs more money, so we wanted to analyze how many patients have been maintained onboard, thanks to ROLE 2. Moreover, we wanted to analyze the surgical activities on the LHD MISTRAL ROLE 2.

Methods
We performed a retrospective observational study. We retrospectively analyzed all surgery cases performed on the MISTRAL between January 1, 2011, and June 30, 2022. During this period, there were only 21 months with a surgical team ROLE 2 onboard. We included all consecutive patients who underwent minor or major surgery onboard.

Results
A total of 57 procedures were performed during the period, involving 54 patients (52 males and 2 females) with an average age of 24.4 ± 1.9 years. The most frequent pathology was abscess (pilonidal sinus abscess, axillary abscess, or perineal abscess) (n = 32; 59.2%). Only two Medical Evacuations were conducted because of surgery; the other patients who underwent surgery were maintained onboard.

Conclusions
We have shown that using ROLE 2 aboard the LHD MISTRAL decreases the use of Medical Evacuation. It also helps to perform surgery under better conditions for our sailors. Doing everything to keep sailors onboard seems to be an important point.
Neutron-capture elements in NGC 6752 multiple populations
Authors: Schiappacasse-Ulloa J , Lucatello S 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTGlobular clusters have been widely studied in terms of light element variations present in their different stellar populations. However, the nature of the polluter(s) responsible for this phenomenon is still debated. The study of heavy elements and their relation to light ones can provide further constraints. In particular, we aim to explore the possible contribution of asymptotic giant branch stars of different stellar masses to the internal pollution in the cluster. We derive abundances of elements from different nucleosynthetic chains, such as Na, Mg, Ca, Sc, Cu, Y, and Ba. We did not find clear relations between the light s-process elements (represented by Y ii) or heavy ones (represented by Ba ii) with light elements (Li, Na, or Al). This indicates that the polluter(s) responsible for the Na (Al) or Li production does not produce large amounts of Y ii and Ba ii. Furthermore, the comparison with models discards a possible significant contribution to the cluster pollution from AGB stars with masses lower than 5 M⊙. In addition, we found a potential CH star in our sample.
Constraints on galactic outflows from the metallicity–stellar mass–SFR relation of EAGLE simulation andSDSSgalaxies
Authors: Lin Yuanye , Zu Ying 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTStellar feedback-driven outflows regulate the stellar formation and chemical enrichment of galaxies, yet the underlying dependence of mass outflow rate on galaxy properties remains largely unknown. We develop a simple yet comprehensive non-equilibrium chemical evolution model (NE-CEM) to constrain the mass-loading factor η of outflows using the metallicity-stellar mass–SFR relation observed by Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) at z = 0. Our NE-CEM predicts the chemical enrichment by explicitly tracking both the histories of star formation and mass-loading. After exploring the eagle simulation, we discover a compact yet flexible model that accurately describes the average star formation histories of galaxies. Applying a novel method of chemically measuring η to eagle, we find η can be parametrized by its dependence on stellar mass and specific SFR as $\log \eta \propto M_*^{\alpha }s{\mathrm{SFR}}^{\beta }$, with α = − 0.12 and β = 0.32 in eagle. Our chemically inferred η agrees remarkably well with the kinematic measurements by Mitchell et al. After extensive tests with eagle, we apply an NE-CEM Bayesian analysis to the SDSS data, yielding a tight constraint of $\log (\eta /0.631) = 0.731{\pm }0.002\times (M_*/10^{9.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot })^{-0.222\pm 0.004} (s{\mathrm{SFR}}/10^{-9.5}\, \mathrm{yr}^{-1})^{0.078\pm 0.003}$, in good agreement with the down-the-barrel measurements. Our best-fitting NE-CEM not only accurately describes the metallicity-stellar mass–SFR relation at z = 0, but also successfully reproduce the so-called ‘fundamental metallicity relation’ at higher redshifts. Our results reveal that different galaxies form stars and enrich their gas in a non-equilibrium but strikingly coherent fashion across cosmic time.
Reconstructing cosmological initial conditions from late-time structure with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Shallue Christopher J , Eisenstein Daniel J 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a method to reconstruct the initial linear-regime matter density field from the late-time non-linearly evolved density field in which we channel the output of standard first-order reconstruction to a convolutional neural network (CNN). Our method shows dramatic improvement over the reconstruction of either component alone. We show why CNNs are not well-suited for reconstructing the initial density directly from the late-time density: CNNs are local models, but the relationship between initial and late-time density is not local. Our method leverages standard reconstruction as a preprocessing step, which inverts bulk gravitational flows sourced over very large scales, transforming the residual reconstruction problem from long-range to local and making it ideally suited for a CNN. We develop additional techniques to account for redshift distortions, which warp the density fields measured by galaxy surveys. Our method improves the range of scales of high-fidelity reconstruction by a factor of 2 in wavenumber above standard reconstruction, corresponding to a factor of 8 increase in the number of well-reconstructed modes. In addition, our method almost completely eliminates the anisotropy caused by redshift distortions. As galaxy surveys continue to map the Universe in increasingly greater detail, our results demonstrate the opportunity offered by CNNs to untangle the non-linear clustering at intermediate scales more accurately than ever before.
Unravelling the mass spectrum of destroyed dwarf galaxies with the metallicity distribution function
Authors: Deason Alis J , Koposov Sergey E , Fattahi Azadeh , Grand Robert J J 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTAccreted stellar populations are comprised of the remnants of destroyed galaxies, and often dominate the ‘stellar haloes’ of galaxies such as the Milky Way (MW). This ensemble of external contributors is a key indicator of the past assembly history of a galaxy. We introduce a novel statistical method that uses the unbinned metallicity distribution function (MDF) of a stellar population to estimate the mass spectrum of its progenitors. Our model makes use of the well-known mass–metallicity relation of galaxies and assumes Gaussian MDF distributions for individual progenitors: the overall MDF is thus a mixture of MDFs from smaller galaxies. We apply the method to the stellar halo of the MW, as well as the classical MW satellite galaxies. The stellar components of the satellite galaxies have relatively small sample sizes, but we do not find any evidence for accreted populations with L &gt; Lhost/100. We find that the MW stellar halo has N ∼ 1−3 massive progenitors (L ≳ 108L⊙) within 10 kpc, and likely several hundred progenitors in total. We also test our method on simulations of MW-mass haloes, and find that our method is able to recover the true accreted population within a factor of 2. Future data sets will provide MDFs with orders of magnitude more stars, and this method could be a powerful technique to quantify the accreted populations down to the ultra-faint dwarf mass scale for both the MW and its satellites.