bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Base flow separation method in conditions of the karst catchment
Authors: Rattayová Viera , Hlavčová Kamila 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGeological conditions are an important parameter on hydrological modeling that strongly affects runoff generation processes. They are not usually taken into account in the parameters of hydrological models, especially karst catchments, where water transfers through fissures, cavities, caves, and phreatic channels are regularly discarded in studies because of their nonlinear behavior and the variability of their typology. The study compared using of base flow separation methods in the conditions of karst catchments, where the reference base flow values measured are not available. The base flow separation was realized by various methods and the models available, including BFI+ and WHAT
Analysis of the economic benefits of an appraisal of an intersection
Authors: Basa Bereket K. , Horváth Balázs , Miletics Dániel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEthiopia's government proposes paving existing roads or building modern intersections in cities to reduce maintenance costs. An unimproved signalized intersection at 6° 51′ 47.9″ N and 37° 45′ 50.1″ E is selected for this research. Cost-benefit analysis is used to evaluate the proposed innovative approach to designing and implementing an intersection and to compare whether the new road projects will have an adequate return. This research suggests converting the current intersection into a signalized roundabout to calm traffic. Signalized roundabouts have a higher net present value and a modified internal rate of return than improved signalized crossing intersections. Considering the country's high inflation rate, three scenarios recommend using a signalized roundabout.
How Do Corporate Governance Factors Influence Banks’ Value? Evidence from Russia
Authors: Ускова Наталия 
Published: April 2023

In this research study we built 3 models that evaluate the panel data of 30 Russian banks with the largest assets and highest reliability. Comparison of all three models by means of specification tests led us to the conclusion that the OLS model with the explanatory power of 67% is optimal.
The presence of women on the board of directors negatively affects the banks’ valuation, while the number of the board of directors’ meetings, number of directors and presence of an audit committee have a positive impact on the net asset value of banks. If the share of women increases by 1%, the bank’s net asset value will decrease by 86%. If the board of directorshas a functioning risk management committee, the bank’s net asset value will grow by 225%. In case of an increase in the number of the board of directors’ members by 1%, the bank’s net asset value will grow by 4.4%. If the number of meetings of the board of directors per year grows twofold, the bank’s net asset value will increase by 118%.
CEO`s education and investments in R&D
Authors: Хмелева Полина 
Published: April 2023

The paper evaluates influence of CEO`s education and her experience on amounts invested in R&D in pharmaceutical industry. The sample consists of 270 pharmaceutical high-tech companies from S&P BMI index in 1999-2018 from 23 countries, both developed and emerging. The pharmaceutical industry is of particular interest since the projects there require specialized education to understand and manage the process. Therefore, the payback period of investments is long. As a result, in pharmaceuticals there is a high rate of intangible assets comparing to other sectors.
At the first glance, according to the results of regression analysis, business education, financial, managerial and economic education has no significant impact on investments. However, education in specific sphere, like physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, has a significant positive impact on R&D expenses. We can see the similar effect for the CEO`s with two or more degrees in different fields. These results are in line with the findings of previous studies regarding CEO`s education.
At the next stage, educational level of CEO and its field are analyzed simultaneously. A degree obtained in the industry-specific field or a degree supplemented by a financial or managerial education has a positive impact on R&D expenses, while standalone financial degree, by contrast, has a negative effect.
So, we contribute to the academic literature with the idea that to get the unbiased results in similar studies we should account for not only degree but also the field. In practical sphere, the results can be useful for those who choose the educational track on their career path to CEO position as well as for HRs, Boards of directors, and other stakeholders while making decision on CEO turnover. Moreover, the results provide insights that could be useful for market analyst`s and investors` predictive models.
Strategi Pemasaran Jasa Pendidikan dalam Membangun Citra di Sekolah Dasar Islam
Authors: Jannah Afika Nur , Ulfatin Nurul , Gunawan Imam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This study aims to describe; (1) image of Islamic Elementary School Mohammad Hatta; (2) educational services marketing strategy for image to the community at SD Islam Mohammad Hatta; (3) the success of the results of the marketing strategy for image to the public. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive case study research. The location of this research is in Mohammad Hatta Islamic Elementary School, Malang City. The data collection techniques used observation, interview, and observation techniques. This study uses a key informant, the principal of SD Islam Mohammad Hatta. The results of the study show that the educational services marketing strategy in building the image of the school in the eyes of the community is successful, as seen from a positive assessment of the image of the school and the increase in the number of students from year to year.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan; (1) gambaran citra SD Islam Mohammad Hatta; (2) strategi pemasaran jasa pendidikan untuk citra kepada masyarakat di SD Islam Mohammad Hatta; (3) keberhasilan hasil strategi pemasaran untuk citra kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus deskriptif. Lokasi penelitian ini berada di SD Islam Mohammad Hatta kota Malang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan observasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan informan kunci Kepala sekolah SD Islam Mohammad Hatta. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan strategi pemasaran jasa pendidikan dalam membangun citra sekolah dimata masyarakat berhasil, dilihat dari penilaian yang positif mengenai citra sekolah dan peningkatan jumlah peserta didik dari tahun ke tahun.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Girls ’ in Schools towards Depression, Khamis Maushyt, the Governate of Aseer Region, 2015, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Essa Mariam Saeed Ibrahim , Khan Rosina , Shehri M. A. Al , Shahrani W.S Al , Abdalmagid M.A. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Depression is an illness that involves the body, mind, and, thoughts that affect the way a person eats, sleep, feels about him/ her and thinks about things.
Objectives: The study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice among girls in schools toward Depression, King Saudi Arabia, Khamis Maushyt, the Governate of Aseer Region.
Methods: Community based cross–sectional descriptive study was conducted in Khamis Mushayt School to identify knowledge, attitude and practice among girls towards depression. A total of 207 students (girls) were involved in the study. They were selected by using simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software version 20.
Result: The study showed that 180 (87%) students knew what depression means, 151(72.9%) of study group did not feel depressed, while 79 (38.2%) of the study group sometimes felt lonely. In the study, 50 (24.2%) of students go to the physician when they feel depressed and 53 (25.6%) students in the study group think that depression has medical treatment while 109 (52.7%) of study group believed that depression might have other treatment such as Holy Qur’an.
Conclusion: There is a need for a national intervention program to promote of adolescent mental health in schools. The program should include the screening of students using psychometric scales.
Assessment of Personal Hygiene Attitudes among Primary School Pupils in Umbada Locality, Khartoum state (2018-2020), Sudan
Authors: Essa Mariam Saeed Ibrahim , Abdalmajed M.A. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Personal hygiene is the behaviors that must be practiced in daily life, starting from morning to sleep time to protect our health.
Objectives: The current study aimed to assess personal hygiene attitudes among Primary School Pupils in Umbada Locality, Khartoum state, Sudan (2018-2020).
Materials and methods: An observational interventional study was conducted besides a pre- & post-assessment was done. Pre-test and post-test intervention was used to determine the practices of hygiene among primary school Pupils in some selected schools of Umbada locality Alaemir unit. The targeted populations were primary school Pupils in Government schools only. The study populations were the pupils in the Primary public schools by a total number of 37850 Pupils (grade 5, grade 6 and grade7) distributed among 180 public primary schools in the locality. The sample size consisted of (800) pupils during the period of the study. A pre- and post- questionnaire was carefully prepared, tested and directed to the pupils. It covers pupil’s age, sex, and the classroom., source of water supply and latrine in the house there, and to obtain data regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (as regards personal hygiene in both pre and post intervention phases. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS Computer Program Version (19.0).
Results: The study revealed that the overall attitude of pupils, about personal hygiene was increased from 45.8% to 54.2 % after intervention of health education sessions.
Conclusion: Health education has a significant role in promoting attitude of school pupils regarding personal hygiene. The need for more health education concerning personal hygiene to ensure that all children learn at an early age how to protect themselves and others from preventable exposure to illness and other hazards related to poor hygiene. This can be carried out through formal (as a part of the curriculum) and informal health education messages.
Transaction Verification Model for Peer-to-Peer Service-Oriented Digital Currency Transactions Based on the Foundation of Blockchain Architecture
Authors: Rubasinghe Iresha Dilhani 
Published: April 2023

Digital payment systems are an evolving field in present day with the recent enhancements in seamless digital currencies. Thus, despite the benefits of cryptocurrency based digital payments systems, their adoption and diffusion within general payment platform domain are significantly hindered. Blockchain architecture is widely recognized as a promising mechanism to support the management of cryptocurrency related transactions. However, ensuring the security of digital payment transactions is a challenging task due to various security threats and existing prevention mechanisms that are either computationally expensive or domain dependent. Among many, the Man-in-the-Middle attack and Double Spending are identified as key security vulnerabilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the means of addressing the said security issues by proposing a feasible transaction verification methodology; targeting a common payment platform that integrates different vendor based digital currencies together. The currency miners and the user applications are identified as the core components that cooperate with transactions. Accordingly, a scenario based transaction verification model is designed by considering transaction patterns among miners and user applications. The bitcoin-similar concept of ‘trust network’ is adopted in verifying transactions via building a trusted network among currency miners in the payment platform using digital signatures along with SHA-256 hashing and RSA algorithm. In strengthening the verification level, an approach of acknowledgements is defined associated with a minimum required level of probability. Furthermore, a time constraint is set depending on the peer-to-peer network conditions for a particular transaction to get completed with proper verification. It is explored the strength and feasibility of the proposed methodology in the perspective of transaction verification over man-in-the-middle attack using a probabilistic evaluation where the possibility of a transaction getting verified decreases proportionally when the trusted network of miners getting unhealthy. Also, the double spending prevention is evaluated using the implementation of a mobile-based digital wallet as the proof-of-concept.
Report on Chromosome Number Along with Chrom So-mal Chimera and Abnormal Shaped Anaphase of Acmella Ciliata
Authors: Hossen Riyad , Hossain Md. Uzzal 
Published: April 2023

Acmella ciliata(Kunth) synomyme Spilanthes acmella Murr. is a plant species under asteraceae family are investigated cytogenetically by orcein staining to find out chromosome number, chimeric status and overall mitotic cell division. The diploid chromosome number 2n=46 was found in most of the cells but some cells possess 2n =70 chromosomes in the same examined sample. So, we found two type cells according to their chromosome number which are indicated as type ‘a’ and ‘b’. The centromeric formulae of a type cell is 34m+6sm while 52m +18sm is for b type cells. The length of chromosomes range 3.68 to 2.30 µm in a type cell and 3.68 to 2.24 µm in b type cell that is approximately same in case of the length ranges. The total length of 2n chromosome complement of b type cell is greater than a type cell. The variable chromosome number indicates its chromosomal chimera. No satellites were found. Some cell possesses abnormal shaped anaphase which are clearly distinguishable to normal anaphase stage found in same species. Conventional karyotype analysis indicated that both type cell’s chromosome number are totally different with previous report. Therefore, the compilation of the above cytogenetical information proves that the Acmella ciliata showing variable chromosome number means its chromosomal chimera. This cytogenetical information will help in the study of plant chromosomal chimera in Bangladesh.
A selective LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of Artemether, Lumefantrine and their principle metabolites in human plasma
Authors: Ongas Martin O. , Juma Elizabeth , Kirimi Caroline G , Oloo Florence , Kokwaro Gilbert , Aman Rashid , Ogutu Bernhards R. 
Published: April 2023

We have developed and validated a sensitive, selective and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI-MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantitation of artemether (ART), dihydroartemisinin (DHA), lumefantrine (LUM) and desbutyl-lumefantrine (DBL) in human plasma. Mefloquine was used as an internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted by protein precipitation procedure and separated on a reversed-phase Zorbax SB-Ciano column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 20mM aqueous ammonium formate containing 0.5% (v/v) formic acid. Multiple reaction monitoring was performed in the positive ion mode using the transitions m/z 316.3→m/z 163.1 (ART), m/z 302.3→m/z 163.1 (DHA), m/z 530.3→m/z 512.2. (LUM), m/z 472.2→m/z 454.1 (DBL) and m/z 379.1→m/z 361.1(MQ) to quantify the drugs. Calibration curves in spiked plasma were linear (r2 ≥ 0.9992) over the range of 5–1500 ng/mL for ART/ DHA and 5–5,000 ng/mL for LUM/DBL. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 10 ng/mL ART/ DHA and 5 ng/mL for LUM/ DBL. The mean R.S.D. values for the intra-run precision were 2.2% , 3.8%, 1.9% and 4.7% and for the inter-run precision were 3.2%, 3.6% , 4.4% and 3.5% for ART, DHA, LUM and DBL, respectively. The mean percentage recovery values were 93.2%, 98.5%, 97.1% and 99.4% for ART, DHA, LUM and DBL, respectively. No matrix effect was detected for all the analytes and the IS. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the plasma concentrations of ART, DHA, LUM and DBL in pregnant and non-pregnant women volunteers in a multiple-dose pharmacokinetics study over the course of 336 hours.
Protection from Misleading Advertisement under the Jordan Civil Law 1976 and the Draft Law of Consumer Protection 20
Authors: Al Sharu Ahmad Ibrahim , Noor Fauziah Binti Mohd , Rahman Rohana Binti Abdul 
Published: April 2023

Commercial advertisements play a crucial role in identifying features and specifications of goods and products. However, misleading advertising has become one of main forms unfair practise customers/ consumers. Jordan considered as one of the countries that does not have rules and provisions that regulate the consumer protection specifically misleading advertisements. This paper discussed about the Jordanian laws in protecting the consumer from misleading advertisements. The objective of the article to examine how the Jordanian provisions by the Civil law 1976 and the Jordanian Draft law of Consumer Protection 2013 protect consumers from misleading advertisements in Jordan. This paper has examined the subject of consumer protection in misleading advertisement and the provisions available in Jordan as protection to consumers from misleading advertisements. In order to achieve this purpose, the existing rules and laws, facts, principles, concepts and the law provisions has been examined and analyzed.
Efficacy of Differentiated Instruction and Conventional Methods on Low Achievers’ Interest in Learning and Gender
Authors: Ojonugwa Dominic Solomon , Igbo Janet Ngozi , Apeh Hosea Abalaka , Ndukwu Eric Chima 
Published: April 2023

The need to seek for innovative teaching methods to enhance the interest of mathematics low achievers necessitated this study. This study examined the effect of differentiated instruction on low achievers’ interest in mathematics based on gender. The sample size for the study consists of 66 males and 80 females identified mathematics low achievers. The researchers used multi-stage sampling technique. Mathematics Interest Rating Scale was the instrument used in collecting data. The pre-test and post-test data were analyzed using mean, standard deviations and Analysis of Covariance. Results revealed that the use of differentiated instruction in teaching mathematics low achievers in primary school increased their interest in mathematics than conventional method. Influence of gender on interest of mathematics low achievers is significant. The interaction effect of instructional strategies and gender on mathematics interest of low achievers is not significant. The study provided empirical evidence that differentiated instruction acted as valuable tool for enhancing interest and achievement in mathematics therefore, researchers may benefit from the outcome of this article for further research. The data could serve as reference point for empirical study. Curriculum designers and text books authors may include information on the method in children’s’ text book.
Root Causes and Consequences of Extreme Poverty in Northern Bangladesh
Authors: Barman Ram Proshad , Islam Mousume 
Published: April 2023

Poverty has always become major concern due to multifarious reasons in the Northern part of Bangladesh from the very earlier years of independent Bengal. The concoction of this study is to find out the root causes and consequence of extreme poverty in Northern Bangladesh. Following purposive sampling a survey is conducted at 8 villages of Kurigram district from October December 2019. In addition, the researcher distributed a total of 106 surveys to respondents for analyzing and interpreting target population. The study revealed that the most vulnerable groups in the selected area were agricultural wage laborer’s, landless and marginal farmers, children, women and aged people while food shortages, livelihood patterns, lack of industry, extreme unemployment and overall dependency associated with poverty scales and such states create more penetration on these community. The study concluded that hazardous events, Monga situation, resource scarcity, poor socio-economic structure and underdeveloped infrastructure solely deployed extreme poverty in the study region. Lastly, it is also designed to suggest how to reduce the extreme poverty following various poverty reduction programs by NGOs and government of Bangladesh using measurement scales towards standard livelihood in northern region.
Portrayal of Bangladeshi Existentialism: “Like a Diamond in the Sky” in Context
Authors: Moniruzzaman  , Ullah Safi 
Published: April 2023

Shazia Omar, a Bangladeshi novelist, depicts the less-known imagery of modern Dhaka in her debut novel “Like a Diamond in the Sky” (2009) where she portrays Bangladesh infected with depression, drug addiction, power-play, corruption and fundamentalism. Deen, the protagonist, is lost in addiction, isolated from his mother and outer world but in love with Maria, aware of the future of Bangladesh and eager to search for the meaning of life. Deen, which literally implies the earthly life in Bangla, is an existentialist who is conscious of himself and the people around him. He is aware of his capacity, limitation, existence and essence. He comments on different orders and institutions that hinder at the path of freedom, and about politicization and islamisation in Bangladesh. Not only Deen but also his widowed mother, his friend AJ, drug peddler Falani, the sergeant of the Police, Deen’s girlfriend Maria- all are conscious of their existence and essence. This novel is about a journey from a dark and aimless world to redemption, to a meaningful life. Omar presents existentialism and existential crisis as noticed in Bangladesh in her novel where almost all characters try to find the meaning of life, though in different ways. Omar says in an interview that the novel “explores their feeling of alienation in the chaotic metropolis of Dhaka city” and her protagonist struggles “to find a spiritual connection”. Before writing this novel, Shazia Omar researched in a rehab in Mumbai, visited slums of Bangladesh and thus shaded light on the darker and less-discussed imagery of Bangladesh. “Like a Diamond in the Sky” is thoroughly examined in the light of existentialism, developed by Descartes, Kierkegaard, Sartre and Heidegger. This paper analyses how “Like a Diamond in the Sky” represents Bangladeshi existentialism, and existentialists who are conscious of existence and essence. It also discusses the observation, of Omar’s characters projected in the novel, about established orders and institutions and finally, desire for freedom and searching for meaning of life.