bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
North Atlantic subtropical mode water formation controlled by Gulf Stream fronts
Authors: Gan Bolan , Yu Jingjie , Wu Lixin , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Small R Justin , Baker Allison H , Jia Fan , Jing Zhao , Ma Xiaohui , Yang Haiyuan , Chen Zhaohui 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The North Atlantic Ocean hosts the largest volume of global subtropical mode waters (STMWs) in the world, which serve as heat, carbon and oxygen silos in the ocean interior. STMWs are formed in the Gulf Stream region where thermal fronts are pervasive and result in feedback with the atmosphere. However, their roles in STMW formation have been overlooked. Using eddy-resolving global climate simulations, we find that suppressing local frontal-scale ocean-to-atmosphere (FOA) feedback leads to STMW formation being reduced almost by half. This is because FOA feedback enlarges STMW outcropping, attributable to the mixed layer deepening associated with cumulative excessive latent heat loss due to higher wind speeds and greater air-sea humidity contrast driven by the Gulf Stream fronts. Such enhanced heat loss overshadows the stronger restratification induced by vertical eddies and turbulent heat transport, making STMW colder and heavier. With more realistic representation of FOA feedback, the eddy-present/rich coupled global climate models reproduce the observed STMWs much better than the eddy-free ones. Such improvement in STMW production cannot be achieved, even with the oceanic resolution solely refined but without coupling to the overlying atmosphere in oceanic general circulation models. Our findings highlight the need to resolve FOA feedback to ameliorate the common severe underestimation of STMW and associated heat and carbon uptakes in earth system models.
Registration, recognition, and freedom of religion or belief
Authors: Taylorian Brandon Reece , Ventura Marco 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Violations of religious freedom resulting from how states arrange their recognition and registration policies continue to escalate around the world. States might seek to regulate the religious activities of their citizens and recognition and registration are convenient tools in this pursuit. Registration is sometimes made mandatory; groups may be barred from accessing it and what they must do to first obtain and then to maintain registered status can be onerous. Such restrictive policies serve to preserve a religious or political hegemony by filtering out religions and beliefs deemed unfavourable and unworthy of recognition. After surveying the ways recognition and registration are misused, this article contends that more definitive international standards are necessary to supersede ambiguous guidelines. Furthermore, this article deliberates over the plausibility that recognition, as a mode of state–religion relations, might still have the potential to facilitate freedom of religion or belief. This relies on whether a state uses recognition to facilitate all religions and beliefs by reducing deep-set favouritism and any administrative hurdles imposed during registration.
Resurgence in 2-dimensional Yang–Mills and a genus-altering deformation
Authors: Fujimori Toshiaki , Glass Philip 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study resurgence in the context of the partition function of 2-dimensional SU(N) and U(N) Yang–Mills theory on a surface of genus h. After discussing the properties of the transseries in the undeformed theory, we add a term to the action to deform the theory. The partition function can still be calculated exactly, and the deformation has the effect of analytically continuing the effective genus parameter in the exact answer so that it is noninteger. In the deformed theory we find new saddle solutions and study their properties. In this context each saddle contributes an asymptotic series to the transseries which can be analyzed using Borel-Écalle resummation. For specific values of the deformation parameter we find Cheshire cat points where the asymptotic series in the transseries truncate to a few terms. We also find new partial differential equations satisfied by the partition function, and a number of applications of these are explained, including low-order/low-order resurgence.
Daytime naps improve afternoon power and perceptual measures in elite rugby union athletes—a randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Teece Angus R , Beaven Christopher M , Argus Christos K , Gill Nicholas , Driller Matthew W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Daytime naps are used by elite athletes in both training and match-day settings. Currently, there are limited interventional studies on the efficacy of napping on physical performance in elite team-sport athletes. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the effect of a daytime nap (&lt;1 hour) on afternoon performance of peak power, reaction time, self-reported wellness, and aerobic performance in professional rugby union athletes. A randomized cross-over design was carried out among 15 professional rugby union athletes. Athletes performed nap (NAP) and no nap (CON) conditions on two occasions, separated by 1 week. Baseline testing of reaction time, self-reported wellness, and a 6-second peak power test on a cycle ergometer were completed in the morning, followed by 2 × 45-minute training sessions, after which athletes completed the NAP or CON condition at 1200 hours. Following the nap period, baseline measures were retested in addition to a 30-minute fixed-intensity interval cycle and a 4-minute maximal effort cycling test. A significant group × time interaction was determined for 6-second peak power output (+157.6 W, p &lt; 0.01, d = 1.53), perceived fatigue (−0.2 AU, p = 0.01, d = 0.37), and muscle soreness (−0.1 AU, p = 0.04, d = 0.75) in favor of the NAP condition. A significantly lower perceived exertion rating (−1.2 AU, p &lt; 0.01, d = 1.72) was recorded for the fixed-intensity session in favor of NAP.
This study highlights that utilizing daytime naps between training sessions on the same day improved afternoon peak power and lowered perceptions of fatigue, soreness, and exertion during afternoon training in professional rugby union athletes.
Association Between Activity Pacing and Negative Emotions in Patients With Chronic Pain
Authors: Attali David , Leguay Floriane , Milcent Lola , Baeza-Velasco Carolina 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
Chronic pain is a major health problem given its high prevalence and its multiple consequences on the physical and psychological functioning of patients. It is therefore important to determine the relationship between these consequences and pain management strategies such as activity pacing. This review aimed to examine the association between activity pacing and the level of negative emotions in chronic pain. A second objective was to explore sex differences in this association.

Methods:
A systematic review of the literature was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Three independent reviewers used a combination of keywords within four databases to include studies examining the link between pacing and negative emotions in chronic pain.

Results:
Pacing was associated with less negative emotions when measured using multidimensional tools, distinguishing it from avoidance, and highlighting the major components of pacing, such as maintaining a constant activity or conserving energy. Data did not allow examination of sex differences.

Discussion:
Pacing is multidimensional and consists of various strategies of pain management which are not equally associated with negative emotions. It is important to use measures reflecting this conception to strengthen knowledges about the role of pacing in the development of negative emotions.
Long-term clinical outcomes following total knee arthroplasty in patients with hemophilic arthropathy: a single-surgeon cohort after a 10- to 17-year follow-up
Authors: Feng Bin , Wang Yingjie , Dong Xiying , Li Zeng , Lin Jin , Weng Xisheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can reduce severe joint pain and improve functional disability in hemophilia. However, the long-term outcomes have rarely been reported in China. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes and complications of TKA in Chinese patients with hemophilic arthropathy.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed patients with hemophilia who underwent TKA between 2003 and 2020, with at least 10 years of follow-up. The clinical results, patellar scores, patients' overall satisfaction ratings, and radiological findings were evaluated. Revision surgery for implants during the follow-up period was recorded.

Results:
Twenty-six patients with 36 TKAs were successfully followed up for an average of 12.4 years. Their Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score improved from an average of 45.8 to 85.9. The average flexion contracture statistically significantly decreased from 18.1° to 4.2°. The range of motion (ROM) improved from 60.6° to 84.8°. All the patients accepted patelloplasty, and the patients' patellar score improved from 7.8 preoperatively to 24.9 at the last follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical outcomes between the unilateral and bilateral procedures, except for a better ROM at follow-up in the unilateral group. Mild and enduring anterior knee pain was reported in seven knees (19%). The annual bleeding event was 2.7 times/year at the last follow-up. A total of 25 patients with 35 TKAs were satisfied with the procedure (97%). Revision surgery was performed in seven knees, with 10- and 15-year prosthesis survival rates of 85.8% and 75.7%, respectively.

Conclusions:
TKA is an effective procedure for patients with end-stage hemophilic arthropathy, which relieves pain, improves knee functions, decreases flexion contracture, and provides a high rate of satisfaction after more than ten years of follow-up.
A Dynamic Spatial Factor Model to Describe the Opioid Syndemic in Ohio
Authors: Kline David , Waller Lance A. , McKnight Erin , Bonny Andrea , Miller William C. , Hepler Staci A. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The opioid epidemic has been ongoing for over 20 years in the United States. As opioid misuse has shifted increasingly toward injection of illicitly produced opioids, it has been associated with HIV and hepatitis C transmission. These epidemics interact to form the opioid syndemic.

Methods:
We obtain annual county-level counts of opioid overdose deaths, treatment admissions for opioid misuse, and newly diagnosed cases of acute and chronic hepatitis C and newly diagnosed HIV from 2014 to 2019. Aligned with the conceptual framework of syndemics, we develop a dynamic spatial factor model to describe the opioid syndemic for counties in Ohio and estimate the complex synergies between each of the epidemics.

Results:
We estimate three latent factors characterizing variation of the syndemic across space and time. The first factor reflects overall burden and is greatest in southern Ohio. The second factor describes harms and is greatest in urban counties. The third factor highlights counties with higher than expected hepatitis C rates and lower than expected HIV rates, which suggests elevated localized risk for future HIV outbreaks.

Conclusions:
Through the estimation of dynamic spatial factors, we are able to estimate the complex dependencies and characterize the synergy across outcomes that underlie the syndemic. The latent factors summarize shared variation across multiple spatial time series and provide new insights into the relationships between the epidemics within the syndemic. Our framework provides a coherent approach for synthesizing complex interactions and estimating underlying sources of variation that can be applied to other syndemics.
Serendipitous detection ofAnopheles stephensiin Kisumu, Kenya in June 2022
Authors: Ndenga Bryson Alberto , Wambua Sammy , Owuor Kevin Omondi , Omukuti Rodney , Chemutai Salome , Arabu Daniel , Miringu Irene , Bosire Carren , Mwendwa Kavinya , Winter Christabel Achieng , Mutuku Francis Maluki , Bisanzio Donal , LaBeaud Angelle Desiree , Gerken Keli Nicole 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn June 2022, a pool of five mosquitoes that were morphologically classified asAnopheles gambiaeand caught in Kisumu (Kenya) were tested for blood-meal analysis. Of the 19.6% (11/56) amplicon sequence variants assigned to mosquito species using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), one had 15 hits matchingAnopheles stephensi.
Monocyte to Lymphocyte ratio is highly specific in diagnosing latent tuberculosis and declines significantly following tuberculosis preventive therapy:a cross-sectional and nested prospective observational study
Authors: Mayito Jonathan , Meya David B. , Miriam Akia , Dhikusooka Flavia , Rhein Joshua , Sekaggya-Wiltshire Christine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInterferon-gamma release assay and tuberculin skin test use is limited by costly sundries and cross-reactivity with non-tuberculous mycobacteria and Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination respectively. We investigated the Monocyte to Lymphocyte ratio (MLR) as a biomarker to overcome these limitations and for use in monitoring response to tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). We conducted a cross-sectional and nested prospective observational study among asymptomatic adults living with Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) in Kampala, Uganda. Complete blood count (CBC) and QuantiFERON-TB® Gold-plus were measured at baseline and CBC repeated at three months. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with a high MLR and decline in MLR. We recruited 110 adults living with HIV and on antiretroviral therapy, of which 82.5% (85/110) had suppressed viral loads, 71.8% (79/110) were female, and 73.6% (81/110) had a BCG scar. The derived MLR diagnostic cut-off was 0.35, based on which the MLR sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 12.8%, 91.6%, 45.5%, and 65.7% respectively. The average MLR declined from 0.212 (95% CI: 0.190 – 0.235) at baseline to 0.182 (95% CI: 0.166 – 0.198) after three months of TPT. A viral load of >50 copies/ml (aOR, 5.67 [1.12-28.60]) was associated with a high MLR while that of <50 copies/ml (aOR, 0.07 [0.007-0.832]) was associated with a decline in MLR. MLR was highly specific in diagnosing latent TB and declined significantly following three months of TPT. Implications of a high MLR and decline in MLR after TPT need further evaluation in a larger cohort.
The evolution of splice site sequence preference is linked to the U6 snRNA m6A methyltransferase METTL16
Authors: Parker Matthew T , Fica Sebastian M , Barton Geoffrey J , Simpson Gordon G 
Published: May 2023

SummaryEukaryotic genes are interrupted by introns that are removed from transcribed RNAs by splicing. The extent of alternative splicing is the best genomic predictor of developmental complexity, yet it is unclear what mediates change in patterns of splicing complexity between species. Here we show that variation in 5’ splice site sequence preferences correlate with the presence of the U6 snRNA methyltransferase METTL16 and the splicing factor SNRNP27K. We used inter-species association mapping with Saccharomycotina species to correlate splicing phenotypes with the presence or absence of splicing factors. The greatest variation in 5’ splice site sequence occurred at the +4 position and involved a preference switch between adenosine and uridine. Loss of METTL16 and SNRNP27K orthologs, or a single SNRNP27K methionine residue, was associated with a preference for +4U. These findings are consistent with splicing analyses of mutants defective in either METTL16 or SNRNP27K orthologs and models derived from spliceosome structures, demonstrating that inter-species association mapping is a powerful orthogonal approach to molecular studies. We conclude that variation in concerted processes of 5’ splice site selection by U6 snRNA is crucial to evolutionary change in splicing complexity.
Increased hyaluronan by naked mole-rat HAS2 extends lifespan in mice
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Tian Xiao , Lu J. Yuyang , Boit Kathryn , Ablaeva Julia , Zakusilo Frances Tolibzoda , Emmrich Stephan , Firsanov Denis , Rydkina Elena , Biashad Seyed Ali , Lu Quan , Tyshkovskiy Alexander , Gladyshev Vadim N. , Horvath Steve , Seluanov Andrei , Gorbunova Vera 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAbundant high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) contributes to cancer resistance and possibly longevity of the longest-lived rodent, the naked mole-rat1, 2. To study whether the benefits of HMW-HA could be transferred to other animal species, we generated a transgenic mouse overexpressing naked mole-rat hyaluronic acid synthase 2 gene (nmrHAS2). nmrHAS2 mice showed increase in hyaluronan levels in several tissues, and lower incidence of spontaneous and induced cancer, extended lifespan and improved healthspan. The transcriptome signature of nmrHAS2 mice shifted towards that of longer-lived species. The most striking change observed in nmrHAS2 mice was attenuated inflammation across multiple tissues. HMW-HA reduced inflammation via several pathways including direct immunoregulatory effect on immune cells, protection from oxidative stress, and improved gut barrier function during aging. These findings demonstrate that the longevity mechanism that evolved in the naked mole-rat can be exported to other species, and open new avenues for using HMW-HA to improve lifespan and healthspan.
Foraging decisions of snowshoe hares in response to experimentally induced coat-colour mismatch
Authors: Kennah Joanie L. , Peers Michael J. L. , Balluffi-Fry Juliana , Richmond Isabella C. , Wal Eric Vander 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTAnimals may exhibit various strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of phenological mismatch. In species experiencing coat colour mismatch, the effects of lost camouflage on the susceptibility to predation may be compensated for with other antipredator traits, such as altered foraging decisions, and may further depend on the intensity of risk. We artificially simulated coat colour mismatch and predation risk in wild-caught snowshoe hares and measured their forage intake rate of black spruce browse, intraspecific selection for forage quality, i.e., % nitrogen of browse, and resulting body mass loss across different risk levels, simulated by cover or lack thereof. We found that hares did not adjust their intake rate in response to mismatch, but hares in our high-risk treatment ate significantly more than hares in our low-risk treatment. Mismatched brown hares, however, selected for more nitrogen-rich forage than their matched brown counterparts. Mismatched white hares lost 4.55% more body mass than their matched white counterparts, despite not reducing their intake rate. Hares in our high-risk treatment lost 1.29% more body mass than those in covered enclosures. We suggest that the increased selection for nitrogen-rich forage observed in brown mismatched hares may occur to mitigate the body mass loss consequences of mismatch. Similarly, the increased intake rate of hares in clear roof enclosures relative to those in opaque roof enclosures may be a compensatory behavioural response to increased body mass loss. Our results highlight the potential indirect effects of coat colour mismatch on snowshoe hares, but also the corresponding behavioural mechanisms that may partially mitigate these effects.
Predicting the timing of ecological phenomena across regions using citizen science data
Authors: Capinha César , Ceia-Hasse Ana , de-Miguel Sergio , Vila-Viçosa Carlos , Porto Miguel , Jarić Ivan , Tiago Patricia , Fernandez Nestor , Valdez Jose , McCallum Ian , Pereira Henrique Miguel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpatial predictions of intra-annual ecological variation enhance ecological understanding and inform decision-making. Unfortunately, it is often challenging to use statistical or machine learning techniques to make such predictions, due to the scarcity of systematic, long-term observational data. Conversely, opportunistic time-stamped observation records, supported by highly informative data such as photographs, are increasingly available for diverse ecological phenomena in many regions. However, a general framework for predicting such phenomena using opportunistic data remains elusive. Here, we introduce a novel framework that leverages the concept of relative phenological niche to model observation records as a sample of temporal environmental conditions in which the represented ecological phenomenon occurs. We demonstrate its application using two distinct, management-relevant, ecological events: the emergence of the adult stage of the invasive Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), and of fruiting bodies of the winter chanterelle mushroom (Craterellus tubaeformis). The framework accounts for spatial and temporal biases in observation data, and it contrasts the temporal environmental conditions (e.g., in temperature, precipitation, wind speed, etc.) associated with the observation of these events to those available in their occurrence locations. To discriminate between the two sets of conditions, we employ machine-learning algorithms (boosted regression trees and random forests). The proposed approach can accurately predict the temporal dynamics of ecological events across large geographical scales. Specifically, it successfully predicted the intra-annual timing of occurrence of adult Japanese beetles and of winter chanterelle mushrooms across Europe and North America. We further validate the approach by successfully predicting the timing of occurrence of adult Japanese beetles in Northern Italy, a recent hotspot of invasion in continental Europe, and the winter chanterelle mushroom in Denmark, a country with a high number of records of this mushroom. These results were also largely insensitive to temporal bias in recording effort. Our results highlight the potential of opportunistic observation data to predict the temporal variation of a wide range of ecological phenomena in near real-time. Furthermore, the conceptual and methodological framework is intuitive and easily applicable for the large number of ecologists already using machine-learning and statistical-based predictive approaches.
SpatialData: an open and universal data framework for spatial omics
Authors: Marconato Luca , Palla Giovanni , Yamauchi Kevin A. , Virshup Isaac , Heidari Elyas , Treis Tim , Toth Marcella , Shrestha Rahul B. , Vöhringer Harald , Huber Wolfgang , Gerstung Moritz , Moore Josh , Theis Fabian J. , Stegle Oliver 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpatially resolved omics technologies are transforming our understanding of biological tissues. However, handling uni- and multi-modal spatial omics datasets remains a challenge owing to large volumes of data, heterogeneous data types and the lack of unified spatially-aware data structures. Here, we introduce SpatialData, a framework that establishes a unified and extensible multi-platform file-format, lazy representation of larger-than-memory data, transformations, and alignment to common coordinate systems. SpatialData facilitates spatial annotations and cross-modal aggregation and analysis, the utility of which is illustrated via multiple vignettes, including integrative analysis on a multi-modal Xenium and Visium breast cancer study.