bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difficulties in decoupling articulatory gestures in L2 phonemic sequences: the case of Mandarin listeners’ perceptual deletion of English post-vocalic laterals
Authors: Wang Yizhou , Bundgaard-Nielsen Rikke L. , Baker Brett J. , Maxwell Olga 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNonnative or second language (L2) perception of segmental sequences is often characterised by perceptual modification processes, which may “repair” a nonnative sequence that is phonotactically illegal in the listeners’ native language (L1) by transforming the sequence into a sequence that is phonotacticallylegalin the L1. Often repairs involve the insertion of phonetic materials (epenthesis), but we focus, here, on the less-studied phenomenon of perceptual deletion of nonnative phonemes by testing L1 Mandarin listeners’ perception of post-vocalic laterals in L2 English using the triangulating methods of a cross-language goodness rating task, an AXB task, and an AX task. The data were analysed in the framework of the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM/PAM-L2), and we further investigated the role of L2 vocabulary size on task performance. The experiments indicate that perceptual deletion occurs when the post-vocalic lateral overlaps with the nucleus vowel in terms of tongue backness specification. In addition, Mandarin listeners’ discrimination performance in some contexts was significantly correlated with their English vocabulary size, indicating that continuous growth of vocabulary knowledge can drive perceptual learning of novel L2 segmental sequences and phonotactic structures.
Greater Gastrocnemius Muscle Hypertrophy After Partial Range of Motion Training Performed at Long Muscle Lengths
Authors: Kassiano Witalo , Costa Bruna , Kunevaliki Gabriel , Soares Danrlei , Zacarias Gabriel , Manske Ingrid , Takaki Yudi , Ruggiero Maria Fernanda , Stavinski Natã , Francsuel Jarlisson , Tricoli Ian , Carneiro Marcelo A. S. , Cyrino Edilson S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Kassiano, W, Costa, B, Kunevaliki, G, Soares, D, Zacarias, G, Manske, I, Takaki, Y, Ruggiero, MF, Stavinski, N, Francsuel, J, Tricoli, I, Carneiro, MAS, and Cyrino, ES. Greater gastrocnemius muscle hypertrophy after partial range of motion training performed at long muscle lengths. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1746–1753, 2023—Whether there is an optimal range of motion (ROM) to induce muscle hypertrophy remains elusive, especially for gastrocnemius. This study aimed to compare the changes in gastrocnemius muscle thickness between calf raise exercise performed with full ROM (FULLROM), partial ROM performed in the initial (INITIALROM), and final (FINALROM) portions of the ROM. Forty-two young women performed a calf training program for 8 weeks, 3 days·week−1, with differences in the calf raise ROM configuration. The calf raise exercise was performed in a pin-loaded, horizontal, leg-press machine, in 3 sets of 15–20 repetition maximum. The subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups: FULLROM (ankle: −25° to +25°), INITIALROM (ankle: −25° to 0°), and FINALROM (ankle: 0° to +25°), where 0° was defined as an angle of 90° of the foot with the tibia. The muscle thickness measurements of medial and lateral gastrocnemius were taken by means of B-mode ultrasound. INITIALROM elicited greater medial gastrocnemius increases than FULLROM and FINALROM (INITIALROM = +15.2% vs. FULLROM = +6.7% and FINALROM = +3.4%; p ≤ 0.009). Furthermore, INITIALROM elicited greater lateral gastrocnemius increases than FINALROM (INITIALROM = +14.9% vs. FINALROM = +6.2%; p < 0.024) but did not significantly differ from FULLROM (FULLROM = +7.3%; p = 0.060). The current results suggest that calf training performed at longer muscle lengths may optimize gastrocnemius muscle hypertrophy in young women. Therefore, when prescribing hypertrophy-oriented training, the inclusion of the calf raise exercise performed with partial ROM in the initial portion of the excursion should be considered.
Muscle Swelling of the Triceps Surae in Response to Straight-Leg and Bent-Leg Calf Raise Exercises in Young Women
Authors: Kassiano Witalo , Costa Bruna , Kunevaliki Gabriel , Soares Danrlei , Stavinski Natã , Francsuel Jarlisson , Carneiro Marcelo A. S. , Tricoli Ian , Nunes João Pedro , Ribeiro Alex S. , Cyrino Edilson S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Kassiano, W, Costa, B, Kunevaliki, G, Soares, D, Stavinski, N, Francsuel, J, Carneiro, MAS, Tricoli, I, Nunes, JP, Ribeiro, AS, and Cyrino, ES. Muscle swelling of the triceps surae in response to straight-leg and bent-leg calf raise exercises in young women. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—Triceps surae muscle swelling in response to different resistance exercises remains to be determined. This study compared the effects of straight-leg (STRA-leg) calf raise vs. bent-leg (BENT-leg) calf raise exercises on triceps surae muscle swelling. Seventeen young women (23.7 ± 4.0 years; 67.4 ± 16.0 kg; and 163.5 ± 7.2 cm) performed 2 resistance training sessions; in one, they performed the STRA-leg calf raise, and in another, they performed the BENT-leg calf raise. A randomized, cross-over, and counterbalanced design was adopted for this investigation. The subjects performed 4 sets of 20 repetitions maximum until concentric muscular failure. The muscle thickness of the gastrocnemius medial (GM), gastrocnemius lateral (GL), and soleus (SOL) was taken through B-mode ultrasound before and immediately after the calf raise exercises. STRA-leg calf raise elicited greater increases in muscle thickness of GM (+8.8% vs. −0.9%, p < 0.001) and GL (+14.5% vs. +7.0%, p < 0.001) than BENT-leg calf raise. Conversely, BENT-leg calf raise elicited greater increases in SOL muscle thickness than STRA-leg calf raise (+15.4% vs. +7.7%, p < 0.001). From a practical perspective, the STRA-leg calf raise should be preferred if the aim is stimulating the 3 muscles that comprise the triceps surae, whereas the BENT-leg calf raise should be prioritized if the target muscle is the SOL.
Bacteremia in Children With Fever and Acute Lower Extremity Pain
Authors: El Helou Rachelle , Landschaft Assaf , Harper Marvin B. , Kimia Amir A. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Blood cultures (BCxs) are often obtained in the initial evaluation of children with fever and acute lower extremity pain; however, their yield in this population is unknown. We aim to describe the prevalence of bacteremia among children presenting to the emergency department (ED) with fever and acute lower extremity pain and identify predictors of bacteremia.

METHODS
Cross-sectional review of children aged 1 to 18 years presenting to the ED with fever and acute lower extremity pain between 2010 and 2020. We excluded patients with trauma within the previous 24 hours, orthopedic comorbidity, immunocompromised status, or antibiotic pretreatment. We identified our cohort using a Natural Language Processing–assisted model with manual review and abstracted clinical data. Our primary outcome was a BCx positive for a pathogen.

RESULTS
We screened 478 979 ED notes and identified 689 patients who met inclusion criteria. Median age was 5.3 years (interquartile range 2.7–8.8); 39.5% were female. BCxs were obtained from 75.9% (523/689) of patients, of which 510 were available for review. BCxs were positive in 70/510 (13.7%; 95% CI, confidence interval [CI], 10.9–17.0) of children and in 70/689 (10.2%; 95% CI, 8.0–12.7%) of the entire cohort. The most common pathogens were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (71.6%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (15.7%). Predictors of bacteremia include C-reactive protein ≥3 mg/dL (odds ratio, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.1–9.6) and localizing examination findings (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4–7.9).

CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of bacteremia among children presenting to the ED with fever and acute lower extremity pain is high. Routine BCx should be considered in the initial evaluation of this population.
Analisis Keterampilan Beripikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Sistem Pertahanan Tubuh Melalui Pembelajaran Model TGT
Authors: Khairunnisa Aini , Kurniati Tuti , Hadiansah Hadiansah 
Published: April 2023

In the 21st Century learning, it requires students to develop the 4Cs, one of which is thinking. Classroom learning is needed where students are motivated in learning activities so that they are actively involved and bring up critical thinking. To achieve these demands, the Teams Games Tournament learning model has the opportunity to be able to make students actively involved and the same time practice their critical thinking skills. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect and describe the response to the Teams games Tournament learning model assisted by the Truth or dare media on critical thinking skills in the body's defense system. This research was conducted in one of the senior high schools in Baleendah with a quantitative approach. The time of research was carried out in the 2021/2022 academic year. The sample that uses this model is class XI IPA 2, totaling 35 people. This research instrument uses test questions for influence analysis and questionnaires to determine student responses. Based on the results of the study, it is known that there is an increase in critical thinking, the N-Gain value of 0.375 with the medium category of responses and student responses getting an average value of 79%, which means it has a strong interpretation. It can be conclud that through learning the Teams Games Tournament model is assisted by Truth or dare media and there is an increase in critical thinking on the material of the body's defense system and has a very good student response.
Asesinos en serie, múltiples en un solo acto y terroristas: algunos datos y reflexiones comparativas
Authors: Pérez-Martínez Armenio , Rodríguez-Fernández Aimara 
Published: April 2023

El estudio de los delitos contra la vida humana va ganando espacio dentro de las ciencias del comportamiento y despierta interés de decisores gubernamentales, organismos multilaterales y la sociedad. Los distintos tipos y características de estos crímenes son investigados desde cuatro enfoques: biológico, psicológico, sociológico y ecológico. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar las características diferenciadoras entre los perfiles criminológicos de los asesinos. Para ello, se emplea una metodología cualitativa, descriptiva y aplicada, a través de la revisión de la literatura y el análisis de estudios de casos. Se encuentra que, más allá de edad, sexo y raza, es difícil establecer resultados conclusivos en los estudios criminológicos. El principal criterio diferenciador del asesino en serie es el tiempo de enfriamiento emocional. Además, existe mucha semejanza entre los asesinos múltiple en un solo acto y los terroristas; la principal diferencia radica en las motivaciones ideológicas y políticas.

Abstract
The study of crimes against human life is gaining space within the behavioral sciences and awakens the interest of government decision-makers, multilateral organizations and society. The different types and characteristics of these crimes are being investigated from biological, psychological, sociological and ecological approaches. The aim of this research is to determine the differentiating characteristics between the criminological profiles of the murderers. A qualitative, descriptive and applied methodology is used, through the review of literature and case studies. It is found that, beyond age, sex, and race, it is difficult to establish conclusive results in criminological studies. The main differentiating criterion of the serial killer is the emotional cooling time. Also, there is an outstanding similarity between mass murderers and terrorists; the main difference lies in ideological and political motivations.
Victimización diferencial y encuadres en la información periodística sobre violencia policial en la prensa argentina
Authors: Cirulli Ailén , Sánchez Rosario 
Published: April 2023

La violencia policial es una problemática escasamente abordada por los medios de comunicación de referencia argentinos y, asimismo, por los estudios en comunicación en el país. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar los modos en que un sector de la prensa hegemónica argentina produce noticias acerca del tema, poniendo especial énfasis en los sentidos construidos sobre el par víctima-victimario. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, sustentado en el análisis de contenido, indagamos en un conjunto de noticias sobre intervenciones policiales violentas en el período 2020-2021. Hallamos dos tipos de encuadres presentes en la información, que denominamos de la “inseguridad” y de las “víctimas en foco”. Ambos marcos nos permiten observar cómo opera discursivamente una lógica de victimización diferencial o selectividad de las víctimas, producto de modos particulares de construcción e interpretación de los hechos en la prensa, y rastrear posibles efectos de sentido de legitimación o deslegitimación discursiva del accionar violento de la Policía.
Abstract
Police violence is a problem scarcely addressed by the Argentine reference media and, frequently, by communication studies in the country. This article aims to analyze the ways in which a sector of the Argentine hegemonic press produces news about the subject, placing special emphasis on the meanings built on the victim-victimizer pair. From a qualitative approach based on content analysis, e a group of news regarding violent police interventions between 2020 and 2021 is analyzed. Two types of frames present in the information are found: "insecurity" and "victims in focus". Both frameworks allow observing how a logic of differential victimization or selectivity of the victims operates discursively, because of particular modes of construction and interpretation of the facts in the media, as well as trace possible effects of the sense of legitimation or discursive delegitimization of the violent actions of the Police.
Requests for public information in the state Administration in situations of military operations
Authors: Semenets-Orlova Inna , Rodchenko Larisa , Chernenko Inna , Druz Oleg , Rudenko Mykola , Poliuliakh Ruslan 
Published: April 2023

The aim of the study is to analyse the advocate’s letter of enquiry as a means of obtaining information by advocates to carry out their professional activity in the conditions of military operations. Attention is drawn to a number of issues that complicate the process of submitting advocate’s letter of enquiry and the proper use of this mechanism and procedure by an advocate, namely, during the deployment of military operations. Ratification of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement opens up new prospects not only for Ukrainian and European producers, but also provides for interesting objectives for advocates to consult the private sector in the process of building new markets. In this article, we propose to make a comparison and consider the issue of access to the advocate’s letter of enquiry of Ukrainian and Polish specialists during the protracted hostilities. As a result of the research, problems were identified and proposals were made for a simplified procedure for submitting an advocate’s letter of enquiry as a means of legal communication in the field of advocacy as a necessary condition for the period of military operations.
El objetivo del estudio es analizar la carta consulta del abogado como medio de obtención de información por parte de los abogados para el ejercicio de su actividad profesional en condiciones de operaciones militares. Se llama la atención sobre una serie de cuestiones que complican el proceso de presentación de la carta de consulta del abogado y el uso adecuado de este mecanismo y procedimiento por parte de un abogado, a saber, durante el despliegue de operaciones militares. La ratificación del Acuerdo de Asociación UE-Ucrania abre nuevas perspectivas no solo para los productores ucranianos y europeos, sino que también proporciona objetivos interesantes para que los defensores consulten al sector privado en el proceso de construcción de nuevos mercados. En este artículo, proponemos hacer una comparación y considerar el tema del acceso a la carta de consulta del abogado de especialistas ucranianos y polacos durante las hostilidades prolongadas. Como resultado de la investigación, se identificaron problemas y se propusieron un procedimiento simplificado para la presentación de la carta de consulta del abogado como medio de comunicación legal en el c
Diagnosis, surgical and conservative treatment of unstable sacral fractures (literature review)
Authors: Khadzhiev Z.  B. , Grin A. A. 
Published: April 2023

Background. In the structure of severe combined trauma, injuries to the pelvic bones, especially the sacrum, are relatively rare but increase steadily with the scientific and technological progress and the urbanization. Despite the widespread use of modern diagnostic methods, such as computer and magnetic resonance imaging, and the ubiquity of X‑ray diagnostics, sacral fractures are diagnosed not in all patients or not in full. In 50 % of patients, sacral fractures are not diagnosed during the initial examination, including anteroposterior X‑ray examination. In addition, in 30 % of the patients, sacral fractures are recognized on a pelvic X‑ray film incorrectly, and the long‑term outcomes of their treatment are unsatisfactory from 30 to 60 % of the cases.Aim. To analyze scientific published sources on the issues of diagnosis, clinical picture, and treatment of patients with severe combined trauma and unstable sacral fractures.Materials and methods. The data of 232 domestic and foreign publications from 1971 to 2020. We present the epidemiology of combined trauma and unstable sacral fractures, consider various classifications, and describe the clinical course and tactics in conservative and surgical treatment of vertically unstable fractures in the posterior pelvic ring.Results. Many foreign publications describe both diagnostics and various methods of treatment for unstable pelvic ring injuries. The publications cover various aspects of diagnosis, clinical course, management tactics, extent and timing of surgery, and conservative treatment for sacral fractures. However, only a few publications in Russian discuss features of diagnostic search, the timing and extent of surgery, as well as the choice of the final tactics to treat patients with sacral fractures.Conclusions. It is necessary to study the problem of diagnosis and treatment of severe combined trauma and vertically unstable fractures of the posterior pelvic ring to develop optimal diagnostic algorithms and final treatment tactics aimed at reduction of the frequency of errors, complications, and deaths, and at improvement in the quality of life of such patients.
Cerebral autoregulation and blood flow distribution in the precerebral arteries for determining indications of extra-intracranial bypass in patients with carotid artery occlusion
Authors: Semenyutin V. B. , Nikiforova A. A. , Vesnina A. A. , Samochernykh K. A. 
Published: April 2023

Background. Prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with carotid artery occlusion is conventionally associated with performing cerebral revascularization. However, determining the indications for it is still an actual problem. The informative value of noninvasive assessment of cerebral autoregulation and blood flow distribution in the precerebral arteries in patients with carotid artery stenosis is shown. At the same time, in patients with carotid artery occlusion, these indicators have been studied to a lesser extent.Aim. To evaluate the informative value of cerebral autoregulation and blood flow distribution in the precerebral arte ries for determination the indications of extra‑intracranial bypass in patients with carotid occlusion.Materials and methods. 54 patients (aged from 41 to 83 y. o.) with carotid artery occlusion were studied. Blood flow velocity in intracranial arteries was determined with transcranial Doppler (system Multi‑Dop X), whereas flow velocity index in precerebral arteries – with duplex scanning (system Vivid Е). Cerebral autoregulation was assessed based on phase shift between spontaneous oscillations of blood flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries and systemic blood pressure within the range of Mayer’s waves (80–120 mHz).Results. The state of cerebral autoregulation was imparied on both sides in 90 % patients with the symptomatic carotid occlusion (0.3 ± 0.3 rad ipsilateral, 0.7 ± 0.6 rad contralateral). The state of cerebral autoregulation was not impaired in 79 % patients with asymptomatic carotid occlusion (1.0 ± 0.3 rad ipsilateral, 1.1 ± 0.4 rad contralateral). The flow velocity index in the contralateral internal carotid artery (306 ± 109 ml / min) and the ipsilateral vertebral (139 ± 69 ml / min) and external carotid (175 ± 72 ml / min) arteries was increased.Conclusions. Noninvasive preoperative assessment of cerebral autoregulation and blood flow distribution in the precerebral arteries makes to evaluate the state of the cerebrovascular reserve to quantify and can be used to determining indications for cerebral revascularization in patients with carotid occlusion.
Endoscopic endonasal approach for craniopharyngiomas in children
Authors: Gormolysova E. V. , Lepilin V. A. , Pashaev B. Yu. , Kalinovsky A. V. 
Published: April 2023

Background. The incidence of craniopharyngiomas is up to 15 % of intracranial tumors in children. The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is widely spread nowadays and especially for the craniopharyngiomas removal in adults. Nevertheless, this approach is still not so common in pediatric patients. The endoscopic technique significantly improves the visualization of the structures located around the tumor.Aim. To determine the possibilities and limitations for the use of EEA in the treatment of pediatric patients with cranio pharyngiomas.Materials and methods. A total five pediatric patients with craniopharyngiomas were operated via EEA Federal Center of Neurosurgery of Ministry of Health of Russia (Novosibirsk): the age of patients ranged from 4 to 17 years, including 3 boys and 2 girls. All patients at the preoperative stage already had endocrine disorders in one volume or another. Postoperative evaluation of the visual functions showed the improvement in one patient, three patients remained unchanged and one patient developed worthening. In addition, the volume of the sphenoid sinus was studied, the degree of pneumatization of which determines the anatomical accessibility of the tumor.Results. Our experience of the EEA for the craniopharyngiomas in pediatric patients has shown a positive result regarding to the tumor’s gross‑total removal and no data of the tumor recurrence at the follow‑up. According to our results it can be judged that endonasal endoscopic approach for the craniopharyngiomas in pediatric patients could be a method of choice based on the anatomical accessibility of the tumor and its relationships with the critical neurovascular structures.Conclusions. Endoscopic endonasal removal of craniopharyngiomas in pediatric patients can be successfully used when the tumor is anatomically accessible. The experience of using EED in surgery for craniopharyngiomas in children has shown positive results, including a high radical removal of the tumor and the absence of relapses during further follow‑up of patients.