bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined X-ray diffraction tomography imaging of tension and opposite wood tissues in young hybrid aspen saplings
Authors: Viljanen Mira , Help Hanna , Suhonen Heikki , Svedström Kirsi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCombining spatially localized X-ray diffraction (XRD) with X-ray microtomography (XMT) enables the mapping of the micro- and nanoscale structures simultaneously. The combination of these methods results in a powerful tool when considering the structural studies of hierarchical materials, allowing one to couple the relationships and connections of the structures at various scales. In this study, XMT was used to map the anatomy and cellular structures in 3D in tension and opposite wood with 1.5 µm resolution, while XRD was used to determine the cellulose crystallite widths and microfibril orientations with 100 µm spatial resolution within the same tissues. Tension wood (TW) has an important biological function with clearly distinct properties to opposite (OW) and normal wood, e.g. differing cellular structures with a higher cellulose content. This is the first study of very young hybrid aspen saplings (1-month-old) using the combined diffraction tomography method. The TW tissues could be identified from the OW tissues based on both the XMT and XRD results: TW had a higher average size of the cellulose crystallites and smaller mean microfibril angles (mMFA) than those in OW. With the XRD data, we were able to reconstruct the images of the cross sections of the saplings using the structural parameters (cellulose crystallite width and mMFA) as contrast mechanisms. As far as the authors know, there are no previous studies with images on any TW samples using the XRD-based contrast. Home laboratory bench-top set-up offers its advantages for these studies, considering the number of samples characterized, time-dependent studies and larger field of views.
Extreme Sensitivity of Fitness to Environmental Conditions: Lessons from #1BigBatch
Authors: Kinsler Grant , Schmidlin Kara , Newell Daphne , Eder Rachel , Apodaca Sam , Lam Grace , Petrov Dmitri , Geiler-Samerotte Kerry 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe phrase “survival of the fittest” has become an iconic descriptor of how natural selection works. And yet, precisely measuring fitness, even for single-celled microbial populations growing in controlled laboratory conditions, remains a challenge. While numerous methods exist to perform these measurements, including recently developed methods utilizing DNA barcodes, all methods are limited in their precision to differentiate strains with small fitness differences. In this study, we rule out some major sources of imprecision, but still find that fitness measurements vary substantially from replicate to replicate. Our data suggest that very subtle and difficult to avoid environmental differences between replicates create systematic variation across fitness measurements. We conclude by discussing how fitness measurements should be interpreted given their extreme environment dependence. This work was inspired by the scientific community who followed us and gave us tips as we live tweeted a high-replicate fitness measurement experiment at #1BigBatch.
Structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of waste magnetic filler rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Reffaee A. A. , Ward A. A. , Khalaf A. I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNanocomposites based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and ethylene–proplene diene monomer (EPDM) (50/50) filled with different concentrations of nano-waste magnetic filler (nWMF) up to 120 phr were prepared by two laboratory two roll mill mixer. nWMF was characterized using XRD, TEM and VSM. The prepared nanocomposites were investigated by different techniques: SEM, TGA, and DSC. In addition the rheological, mechanical, dielectric and magnetic properties were studied. However, the miscibility of NBR/EPDM/nWMF nanocomposites is enhanced after the addition of nano-waste magnetic filler (nWMF). Also, it is found that the thermal stability of NBR/EPDM blend is improved by increasing nWMF loadings. The incorporation of nWMF in rubber matrix increased minimum/maximum torque, cure rate index and reinforcing factor but decreased both optimum cure and scorch time. The mechanical properties showed an enhancement up to 40 phr of nWMF. Further, the magnetization shows a continuous increase with nWMF loading. In addition, the values ε′ and ε″ increased upon rising nWMF concentration. The nanocomposite containing 40 phr shows promising mechanical and dielectric properties which validate its use for insulating and antistatic purposes.
Upper part-load instability in a reduced-scale Francis turbine: an experimental study
Authors: Amini Ali , Vagnoni Elena , Favrel Arthur , Yamaishi Kazuhiko , Müller Andres , Avellan François 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFrancis turbines with medium or high specific speeds may experience a particular type of instability in the upper part load in which the precessing vortex has an elliptical shape. The occurrence of the upper part-load instability (UPLI) is accompanied by large-amplitude pressure fluctuations at a distinct frequency between 2 and 4 times the runner rotational speed. This paper experimentally investigates UPLI for a reduced-scale Francis turbine. To investigate the causal factors of this instability, draft tube pressure measurements, particle image velocimetry, and high-speed flow visualizations have been performed at several operating points under cavitation and cavitation-free conditions. It is shown for the first time that for an operating point within the UPLI range, the vortex always features a circular section in cavitation-free conditions, which is preserved even after the initial appearance of cavitation. It is only below a certain Thoma number that the vortex section turns into an ellipse and shows an abrupt increase in pressure fluctuations. Analysis of the phase-averaged velocity fields reveals that a concentrated vortex with a large precession radius is a prerequisite for UPLI, while the instantaneous velocity fields clearly illustrate the asymmetric velocity distribution around the elliptical vortex. The existence of a breathing mode and the intermittent formation of two side vortices along the elliptical vortex rope are also evidenced by high-speed flow visualizations. These results provide a much deeper insight into the flow structures that favor the development of UPLI and help delimit its thresholds to higher precision, and thus, prevent its occurrence during turbine operations.
Recursion Formulas for Integrated Products of Jacobi Polynomials
Authors: Beuchler Sven , Haubold Tim , Pillwein Veronika 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFrom the literature it is known that orthogonal polynomials as the Jacobi polynomials can be expressed by hypergeometric series. In this paper, the authors derive several contiguous relations for terminating multivariate hypergeometric series. With these contiguous relations one can prove several recursion formulas of those series. This theoretical result allows to compute integrals over products of Jacobi polynomials in a very efficient recursive way. Moreover, the authors present an application to numerical analysis where it can be used in algorithms which compute the approximate solution of boundary value problem of partial differential equations by means of the finite elements method. With the aid of the contiguous relations, the approximate solution can be computed much faster than using numerical integration. A numerical example illustrates this effect.
Central and peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like cells are closely related to the clinical severity of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ortega María Cristina , Lebrón-Galán Rafael , Machín-Díaz Isabel , Naughton Michelle , Pérez-Molina Inmaculada , García-Arocha Jennifer , Garcia-Dominguez Jose Manuel , Goicoechea-Briceño Haydee , Vila-del Sol Virginia , Quintanero-Casero Víctor , García-Montero Rosa , Galán Victoria , Calahorra Leticia , Camacho-Toledano Celia , Martínez-Ginés María Luisa , Fitzgerald Denise C. , Clemente Diego 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly heterogeneous demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that needs for reliable biomarkers to foresee disease severity. Recently, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as an immune cell population with an important role in MS. The monocytic-MDSCs (M-MDSCs) share the phenotype with Ly-6Chi-cells in the MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and have been retrospectively related to the severity of the clinical course in the EAE. However, no data are available about the presence of M-MDSCs in the CNS of MS patients or its relation with the future disease aggressiveness. In this work, we show for the first time cells exhibiting all the bona-fide phenotypical markers of M-MDSCs associated with MS lesions, whose abundance in these areas appears to be directly correlated with longer disease duration in primary progressive MS patients. Moreover, we show that blood immunosuppressive Ly-6Chi-cells are strongly related to the future severity of EAE disease course. We found that a higher abundance of Ly-6Chi-cells at the onset of the EAE clinical course is associated with a milder disease course and less tissue damage. In parallel, we determined that the abundance of M-MDSCs in blood samples from untreated MS patients at their first relapse is inversely correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at baseline and after a 1-year follow-up. In summary, our data point to M-MDSC load as a factor to be considered for future studies focused on the prediction of disease severity in EAE and MS.
Integrating eQTL and GWAS data characterises established and identifies novel migraine risk loci
Authors: Ghaffar Ammarah ,   The International Headache Genetics Consortium, Nyholt Dale R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMigraine—a painful, throbbing headache disorder—is the most common complex brain disorder, yet its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have proven successful in identifying migraine risk loci; however, much work remains to identify the causal variants and genes. In this paper, we compared three transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) imputation models—MASHR, elastic net, and SMultiXcan—to characterise established genome-wide significant (GWS) migraine GWAS risk loci, and to identify putative novel migraine risk gene loci. We compared the standard TWAS approach of analysing 49 GTEx tissues with Bonferroni correction for testing all genes present across all tissues (Bonferroni), to TWAS in five tissues estimated to be relevant to migraine, and TWAS with Bonferroni correction that took into account the correlation between eQTLs within each tissue (Bonferroni-matSpD). Elastic net models performed in all 49 GTEx tissues using Bonferroni-matSpD characterised the highest number of established migraine GWAS risk loci (n = 20) with GWS TWAS genes having colocalisation (PP4 > 0.5) with an eQTL. SMultiXcan in all 49 GTEx tissues identified the highest number of putative novel migraine risk genes (n = 28) with GWS differential expression at 20 non-GWS GWAS loci. Nine of these putative novel migraine risk genes were later found to be at and in linkage disequilibrium with true (GWS) migraine risk loci in a recent, more powerful migraine GWAS. Across all TWAS approaches, a total of 62 putative novel migraine risk genes were identified at 32 independent genomic loci. Of these 32 loci, 21 were true risk loci in the recent, more powerful migraine GWAS. Our results provide important guidance on the selection, use, and utility of imputation-based TWAS approaches to characterise established GWAS risk loci and identify novel risk gene loci.
The experience of interval scans for adults living with primary malignant brain tumors
Authors: Boele Florien W. , Rudkin Sarah E. , Absolom Kate , Latchford Gary , Short Susan C. , Booth Thomas C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
People with primary malignant brain tumors (PMBT) undergo anti-tumor treatment and are followed up with MRI interval scans. There are potential burdens and benefits to interval scanning, yet high-quality evidence to suggest whether scans are beneficial or alter outcomes of importance for patients is lacking. We aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of how adults living with PMBTs experience and cope with interval scanning.

Methods
Twelve patients diagnosed with WHO grade III or IV PMBT from two sites in the UK took part. Using a semi-structured interview guide, they were asked about their experiences of interval scans. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to analyze data.

Results
Although most participants found interval scans uncomfortable, they accepted that scans were something that they had to do and were using various coping methods to get through the MRI scan. All participants said that the wait between their scan and results was the most difficult part. Despite the difficulties they experienced, all participants said that they would rather have interval scans than wait for a change in their symptoms. Most of the time, scans provided relief, gave participants some certainty in an uncertain situation, and a short-term sense of control over their lives.

Conclusion
The present study shows that interval scanning is important and highly valued by patients living with PMBT. Although interval scans are anxiety provoking, they appear to help people living with PMBT cope with the uncertainty of their condition.
The optimal Hölder exponent in Massari’s regularity theorem
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Schütt Jule Helena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe determine the optimal Hölder exponent in Massari’s regularity theorem for sets with variational mean curvature in$$\textrm{L}^p$$Lp. In fact, we obtain regularity with improved exponents and at the same time provide sharp counterexamples.
On the notion of ground state for nonlinear Schrödinger equations on metric graphs
Authors: De Coster Colette , Dovetta Simone , Galant Damien , Serra Enrico 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe compare ground states for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on metric graphs, defined as global minimizers of the action functional constrained on the Nehari manifold, and least action solutions, namely minimizers of the action among all solutions to the equation. In principle, four alternative cases may take place: ground states do exist (thus coinciding with least action solutions); ground states do not exist while least action solutions do; both ground states and least action solutions do not exist and the levels of the two minimizing problems coincide; both ground states and least action solutions do not exist and the levels of the two minimizing problems are different. We show that in the context of metric graphs all four alternatives do occur. This is accomplished by a careful analysis of doubly constrained variational problems. As a by-product, we obtain new multiplicity results for positive solutions on a wide class of noncompact metric graphs.
Comparative results of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis vs. open arthrodesis in patients with diabetes-associated Charcot Neuro-Arthropathy
Authors: Gutteck Natalia , Delank Karl-Stefan , Schilde Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Several studies demonstrated a considerable complication rate for open ankle or TTC arthrodesis in patients with diabetes, revision surgery and ulceration. Extensive approaches in combination with multimorbide patients have been suggested as the rationale behind the increased complication rate.

Methods
Single-centre, prospective case-control study compared arthroscopic vs. open ankle arthrodesis in patients with Charcot Neuro-Arthropathy of the foot. 18 patients with septic Charcot Neuro-Arthropathy Sanders III–IV received an arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis with TSF (Taylor Spatial Frame®) fixation combined with different additional procedures required for infect treatment and hindfoot realignment. The ankle arthrodesis was required for the realignment of the hindfoot in Sanders IV patients, arthritis or in case of infection. 12 patients were treated with open ankle arthrodesis and TSF fixation combined with various additional procedures.

Results
A significant improvement has been shown in radiological data in both groups. A significant lower complication rate has been registered in arthroscopic group. A significant correlation was seen between major complications and therapeutic anticoagulation as well as smoking.

Conclusion
In high-risk patients with diabetes and plantar ulceration excellent results could be demonstrated in arthroscopically performed ankle arthrodesis with midfoot osteotomy using TSF as fixation devise.
The biological interactions between kynurenine and AhR in melanocytes: in vitro studies
Authors: Walczak Katarzyna , Szalast Karolina , Krasowska Dorota 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKynurenine (KYN), a tryptophan metabolite, is endogenously produced by the skin cells and is present in human sweat. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism of the antiproliferative activity of KYN on human epidermal melanocytes. KYN significantly inhibited the metabolic activity of HEMa cells by decreasing cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) levels via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. The results suggested that KYN might be involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes mediated by melanocytes.
Are aligners capable of inducing palatal bodily translation or palatal root torque of upper central incisors? A biomechanical in vitro study
Authors: Elkholy Fayez , Weber Sophia , Repky Stefan , Jäger Rudolf , Schmidt Falko , Lapatki Bernd G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives

Previous studies have shown that aligners have limited ability to control root movements. The purpose of this study was to investigate which modification geometry and foil thickness are optimal for generating the force-moment (F/M) systems required for palatal root torque of maxillary central incisors.

Materials and methods
Tooth 11 was separated from a maxillary acrylic model and connected to a movement unit via a 3D F/M sensor. Different modification geometries (crescent, capsular, double-spherical) with different depths were digitally implemented in the labio-cervical region of tooth 11 to induce an increased contact force. We evaluated the F/M systems exerted by aligners with thicknesses of 0.4–1.0 mm. F/M measurements were taken with tooth 11 in the neutral position and during palatal displacement of tooth 11 (simulating its initial clinical movement).

Results
The mechanical requirements of palatal root torque are a palatally directed force (− Fy) and a palatal root torquing moment (− Mx). These requirements were reliably achieved with modification depths > 0.5 mm. The modification depth and foil thickness had a significant influence on − Fy magnitudes (linear mixed-effect models, p < 0.01). With the 0.75-mm aligners combined with 1.5-mm deep modifications, the palatal root torque range (palTR) started after an initial palatal crown displacement of 0.09, 0.12, and 0.12 mm for the capsular, crescent, and double-spherical modification geometries, respectively.

Conclusions
A relatively early start of the palatal torque range (after a 0.1-mm palatal crown displacement) and appropriate − Fy magnitudes were achieved with 0.75-mm-thick aligners containing 1.5-mm deep capsular or crescent pressure regions. Subsequent clinical trials are required to confirm the clinical effects of these modifications.

Clinical relevance
In vitro testing indicated that modified aligners are capable of generating the F/M components required for palatal root torque of upper central incisors.
Ethnic differences in treatment outcome for children and young people accessing mental health support
Authors: Ruphrect-Smith H. , Davies S. , Jacob J. , Edbrooke-Childs J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChildren and Young People (CYP) from minoritized ethnic backgrounds experience structural inequalities in Children and Young People’s Mental Health Settings (CYPMHS). This mixed methods study explores whether CYP’s ethnicity is associated with their treatment outcomes (operationalised as ‘measurable change’) from CYPMHS. A multilevel multi-nominal regression analysis, controlling for age, gender, referral source, presenting difficulty, case closure reason, suggests that CYP from Asian backgrounds (OR = 0.82, CI [0.70, 0.96]) and Mixed-race (odds ratio (OR) = 0.80; 95% CI [0.69, 0.92]) are less likely to report measurable improvement in mental health difficulties compared to White British CYP. Three themes from a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 15 CYP from minoritized ethnic backgrounds focused on views and experiences of ending mental health support are also presented. CYP view personalised support and the right therapist as conducive to good endings and valued a range of outcomes pertaining to empowerment. Experiences of stigma and inequalities may begin to explain the less positive outcomes experienced by Asian and Mixed-race CYP found in the regression analysis. The implications of these findings and future areas of research are suggested.
Pubertal timing in adolescents with ADHD: extension and replication in an all-female sample
Authors: Rosenthal Emily A. , Hinshaw Stephen P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPubertal timing predicts a miscellany of negative mental and physical health outcomes. Prior work examining pubertal timing in youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has failed to investigate potential sex specificity of results. Therefore, we aim to extend past findings in a sample of female adolescents with ADHD. We compare pubertal timing (1) between females with and without carefully diagnosed ADHD and (2) between females with ADHD who do vs. do not have a history of stimulant medication use during childhood. We examine 127 adolescent females with childhood-diagnosed ADHD and 82 matched neurotypical peers (Mage: 14.2 years,range:11.3–18.2) from the Berkeley Girls with ADHD Longitudinal Study (Wave 2). We measured pubertal timing using self-reported Tanner staging and age at menarche. Three strategies compared pubertal timing across groups: (1)$${\chi }^{2}$$χ2tests of Tanner Stages, (2)ttests of residuals of pubertal status regressed on age, and (3)ttests of age at menarche. Pubertal timing of girls with and without ADHD did not differ significantly across methods and measures. Yet females with ADHD who had received stimulant medication during childhood menstruated later than those without a stimulant history, potentially related to differences in BMI across groups. On the other hand, no significant differences between medicated vs. non-medicated participants emerged for the two Tanner staging indicators. Our findings extend prior work, suggesting that females with ADHD are developing physically at a similar time as their peers, which parallels findings from previous mixed-sex samples that did not examine effects separately by sex.