bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sample size variation in single-time post-dose assessment vs multi-time post-dose assessment
Authors: Sayyed Sarfaraz , Mathur Ashwini , Kamath Asha 
Published: December 2022

Background: Many randomized trials measure a continuous outcome simultaneously at baseline and after taking the drug. For a single continuous post-treatment outcome, the sample size calculation is simple, but if there are assessments at multiple time points post-treatment then this longitudinal data may give more insights by analyzing the data using the repeated measures method. Also, if the sample size is calculated using the single time-point method for longitudinal data, it may lead to a larger than required sample size, increasing the cost and time. Methods: In this research, an effort is made to determine the size of the sample for repeated measures case and then compared with the single post-baseline case. The sample sizes were examined under different scenarios for the continuous type of response variable. Under Mean contrast and Diff contrast the sample sizes were calculated with different correlations. These two scenarios were again examined under compound symmetry as well as Auto regressive of order 1 type of correlation structure in longitudinal data. The graphical presentation is given for better visualization of the scenarios. Results: Sample size required for highly correlated longitudinal data using multi timepoint sample size derivation method led to much smaller sample size requirement as compared to single timepoint sample size calculation method. Conclusions: This study will help researchers to make better decisions in choosing the right method for sample size determination which may reduce the time and cost of carrying out the experiment. Also, we must carefully assess which method to go with when the correlation is weak. More complex correlation structures are not studied in this article but can be studied in the same fashion.
Predictive factors for hypothyroidy after hemithyroidectomy
Authors: Chaabouni Mohamed Amine , Sellami Moncef , Jameleddine Esma , Kharrat Rania , Thabet Wadii , Mnejja Malek , Hammami Boutheina , Ayadi Sirine , Achour Imen , Charfeddine Ilhem 
Published: December 2022

Background: Hemithyroidectomy is one of the most common procedures performed. It is used to treat patients with benign unilateral nodules. Hemithyroidectomy results in fewer risks of hypothyroidism and the need for thyroid hormone replacement therapy. The present study was designed to identify potential clinicopathologic risk factors associated with the onset of biochemical hypothyroidism. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy between 2004 and 2019. Hypothyroidism was defined as a serum thyrotropin level greater than 5 mIU/L. The patients were analyzed for age, sex, preoperative and postoperative thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), state, side, and volume of the remaining lobe, and histologic diagnosis. Results: Hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 30.8% of 214 patients. This complication appeared in the first year in 83.3% of the cases. A preoperative TSH level greater than 1.32 mIU/l, a remaining volume of the lobe less than 3 ml, and the presence of thyroiditis were associated with a significant increase in the risk of developing hypothyroidism (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in age, sex, state, and side of the remaining lobe. The mean thyroxine dose was 57 ± 26 micrograms. Conclusions: The risk of hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy should be assessed prior to surgery. Close monitoring is recommended in patients at high risk of developing this complication. However, all patients who undergo hemithyroidectomy should be monitored at least for the first year.
Barriers to compliance with evidence-based guidelines for ventilator-associated pneumonia among critical care nurses: A scoping review
Authors: Al-Tamimi Muna , Refaat Fatma , Bani Issa Wegdan 
Published: December 2022

Background: Healthcare organizations provide evidence-based guidelines designed to support nurses in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care units (ICUs), but there are barriers to compliance with such guidelines. This review explicitly explored evidence of compliance barriers among critical care nurses. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and EBSCO databases for relevant English-language studies published between January 2003 and June 2022, focused on barriers to nursing compliance with VAP prevention guidelines. Data was reported according to the Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMAScR) guidelines. Results: 230 publications were screened, resulting in 53 full-text articles being retrieved after removing duplicates, of which 13 relevant to the aims of the review and meeting the inclusion criteria were included for data extraction. One was a qualitative study, while the remainder were quantitative. Simple descriptive content analysis identified the barriers to critical care nurses’ compliance with VAP prevention guidelines, and categorized them as: (1) work environment barriers (e.g., lack of equipment and supplies; lack of staff and time; lack of educational support; and ineffective supportive system); (2) nurse-related barriers (limited personal competencies); and (3) situation-related barriers (patient health, discomfort, and adverse events). Conclusions: This review revealed important evidence on barriers to VAP prevention guidelines compliance. Nurses are challenged mainly by work-environmental barriers along, with the presence of nurse and situational barriers. It is evident from the findings that further qualitative and mixed-methodology follow-up studies are recommended to further explore the issues in depth. Healthcare leaders must be aware of these barriers and integrate work policies that assist in overcoming them, to increase compliance.
The EU Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive and the implications for Digital Teaching and Learning Materials
Authors: Marcus-Quinn Ann 
Published: December 2022

The European Accessibility Act and the EU Directive on Web Accessibility require that the online experience be made more accessible and inclusive for everyone. Currently, the focus is primarily centered on websites and online services associated with the public sector. However, as these online products and services improve these same legal requirements are likely to also impact digital teaching and learning materials created for and by educators in the coming years. There are many online and on campus courses (accredited and unaccredited) available to help to guide and inform educators on the importance of using high quality digital materials that are truly accessible. Many courses also provide the instruction that is necessary in creating such digital resources. However, a “knowing-doing” gap still prevails. This article discusses the impact of the new regulations associated with the European Accessibility Act and the EU Directive on Web Accessibility for the education sector in Ireland and provides some recommendations on what can be done to address the “knowing-doing gap” and support faculty to create high quality digital teaching and learning materials.
The external housing environment of participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC): a resource for studies of influences on health
Authors: Ellis Genette , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Northstone Kate , Golding Jean 
Published: December 2022

Background: Early life environmental health exposures related to housing can have a significant impact on an individual’s physical and mental health and physical development. Housing exposures can fall into two main areas – a representation of social circumstances and physical conditions. Methods: During pregnancy and post-delivery, self-completion questionnaires concerning the housing environment were administered to the ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents & Children) study mothers and their partners until the study offspring were aged 18. Data collected included types of housing, housing tenure, numbers of rooms in the home, whether shared or sole use of kitchen and indoor flushing toilet, household moves, Council Tax band, difficulties in affording rent/mortgage and becoming homeless. Here we also describe the historic development of housing in the Bristol and surrounding Avon areas. Results: Data collected included the tenure (e.g., owned/rented) of the home, its size (indexed by the number of rooms), the presence of over-crowding (measured by the number of residents per room), presence of amenities, and frequency of household moves. This information was collected on over 13,000 women during pregnancy >8000 at age 10 and >4000 at 18 years. Council Tax bands were asked at 10 and 18 years. Conclusions: This is the first of two Data Notes on the housing type and housing circumstances of the families enrolled in ALSPAC. The second Data Note will detail their internal housing conditions. The data provides an excellent resource for researchers when considering the influences of housing on physical and mental health and development.
Privacy-Preserving Network Analytics
Authors: Hastings Marcella , Falk Brett Hemenway , Tsoukalas Gerry 
Published: December 2022

We develop a new privacy-preserving framework for a general class of financial network models, leveraging cryptographic principles from secure multiparty computation and decentralized systems. We show how aggregate-level network statistics required for stability assessment and stress testing can be derived from real data without any individual node revealing its private information to any outside party, be it other nodes in the network, or even a central agent. Our work bridges the gap between established theories of financial network contagion and systemic risk that assume agents have full network information and the real world where information sharing is hindered by privacy and security concerns. This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4582 .
Estimating and Exploiting the Impact of Photo Layout: A Structural Approach
Authors: Li Hanwei , Simchi-Levi David , Wu Michelle Xiao , Zhu Weiming 
Published: December 2022

Host-generated property images as a visual channel reveal substantial information about properties. Selecting proper images to display can lead to higher demand and increased rental revenue. In this paper, we define, estimate, and optimize the impacts of Airbnb photos on customers’ renting decisions. We apply ResNet-50, a convolutional neural network model, to build two separate, supervised learning models to evaluate the image quality and room types posted by Airbnb hosts. Then, we characterize the overall impacts of photo layout by the room type featured in the photo, photo quality, and order of display on the listings’ web pages. To address two estimation challenges in the Airbnb setting, namely, censored demand and changing consideration sets, we propose a novel pairwise comparison model that utilizes customers’ booking sequence data to consistently estimate the impact of photo layout on customers’ renting decisions. Our estimation results suggest that the cover image has a significantly larger impact than noncover photos and a high-quality bedroom cover image leads to the largest increase in demand. Furthermore, we build a nonlinear integer programming optimization problem and develop an algorithm to determine the optimal photo layout. Our counterfactual analysis suggests that a listing’s unilateral adoption of optimal photo layout leads to 11.0% more bookings on average. Moreover, depending on the neighborhood and market size, when listings simultaneously switch to the optimal photo layout, they get booked for two to five additional days in a year on average, which boosts revenue by $500 to $1,100. This paper was accepted by Swaminathan, Jayashankar, operations management. Funding: This research was partially sponsored by the MIT Data Science Lab and also benefited from generous support provided by Zalando. Supplemental Material: The online companion and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4616 .
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Sequential Targeting
Authors: Wang Wen , Li Beibei , Luo Xueming , Wang Xiaoyi 
Published: December 2022

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has opened up many unprecedented opportunities in revolutionizing the digital marketing field. In this study, we designed a DRL-based personalized targeting strategy in a sequential setting. We show that the strategy is able to address three important challenges of sequential targeting: (1) forward looking (balancing between a firm’s current revenue and future revenues), (2) earning while learning (maximizing profits while continuously learning through exploration-exploitation), and (3) scalability (coping with a high-dimensional state and policy space). We illustrate this through a novel design of a DRL-based artificial intelligence (AI) agent. To better adapt DRL to complex consumer behavior dimensions, we proposed a quantization-based uncertainty learning heuristic for efficient exploration-exploitation. Our policy evaluation results through simulation suggest that the proposed DRL agent generates 26.75% more long-term revenues than can the non-DRL approaches on average and learns 76.92% faster than the second fastest model among all benchmarks. Further, in order to better understand the potential underlying mechanisms, we conducted multiple interpretability analyses to explain the patterns of learned optimal policy at both the individual and population levels. Our findings provide important managerial-relevant and theory-consistent insights. For instance, consecutive price promotions at the beginning can capture price-sensitive consumers’ immediate attention, whereas carefully spaced nonpromotional “cooldown” periods between price promotions can allow consumers to adjust their reference points. Additionally, consideration of future revenues is necessary from a long-term horizon, but weighing the future too much can also dampen revenues. In addition, analyses of heterogeneous treatment effects suggest that the optimal promotion sequence pattern highly varies across the consumer engagement stages. Overall, our study results demonstrate DRL’s potential to optimize these strategies’ combination to maximize long-term revenues. This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4621 .
Performance comparison of two terahertz all-dielectric metasurfaces based on bound states in the continuum
Authors: Yang Ningning , Lang Tingting , Cen Wenyang , Yu Zhenyu , Xiao Meiyu , Zhang Jinhui , Qiu Yanqing 
Published: December 2022

In recent years, the concept of bound states in the continuum (BICs) in optics has become a research hotspot and has attracted the attention of many scholars. It provides an important physical mechanism for the generation of high-quality-factor optical resonance in high-refractive-index dielectric nanoparticles and all-dielectric metasurfaces. In this paper, two metasurfaces with the same structure of different materials are proposed. The resonant frequencies of the two structures are consistent, and the error is within 2.5 GHz. The quasi-BIC resonance is excited in the same way of breaking the symmetry. Subsequently, the electric field distribution, sensitivity, and figure of merit (FOM) of the two metasurfaces are analyzed, and sensitivities of 79.3 GHz/RIU and 72.4 GHz/RIU and the highest FOMs of 424.8 and 180.5, respectively, are achieved. These two all-dielectric metasurfaces are compared in this study, further confirming the advantages of all-silicon metasurfaces.
Ethnic inequalities in patient satisfaction with primary health care in England: Evidence from recent General Practitioner Patient Surveys (GPPS)
Authors: Magadi John Paul , Magadi Monica Akinyi 
Published: December 2022

Aims and objectives
This paper aims to improve understanding of factors that contribute to persistent ethnic disparities in patient satisfaction in England. The specific objectives are to (i) examine ethnic differences in patient satisfaction with their primary care in England; and (ii) establish factors that contribute to ethnic differences in patient satisfaction.

Data and methods
The study is based on secondary analysis of recent General Practitioner Patient Survey (GPPS) datasets of 2019, 2020 and 2021. Descriptive bivariate analysis was used to examine ethnic differences in patient satisfaction across the three years. This was followed with multilevel linear regression, with General Practice (GP) at level-1 and Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) at level-2 to identify factors contributing to ethnic differences in patient satisfaction.

Results
The findings show consistent negative correlations between the proportion of patients reporting good (very or fairly good) overall experience and each of the ethnic minority groups. Further examination of the distribution of patient satisfaction by ethnicity, based on combined ethnic minority groups, depicted a clear negative association between ethnic minority group and patient satisfaction at both GP and CCG levels. Multilevel regression analysis identified several service-related factors (especially ease of using GP website and being treated with care and concern) that largely explained the ethnic differences in patient satisfaction. Of all factors relating to patient characteristics considered in the analysis, none was significant after controlling for GP service-related factors.

Conclusions
Ethnic minority patients in England continue to consistently report lower satisfaction with their primary health care in recent years. This is largely attributable to supply (service related) rather than demand (patient characteristics) factors. These findings have important implications for health care system policy and practice at both GP and CCG levels in England.
Development and validation of Health Belief Model based instrument to assess secondary school student’s adherence to COVID-19 self-protective practices in Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Tareke Kasahun Girma , Tesfaye Genzebie , Koricha Zewdie Birhanu 
Published: December 2022

Background
The study aimed in developing and validating a Health Belief Model (HBM) based instrument used for cross-sectional studies among secondary school students in Jimma town, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Methods
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 25 to June 10, 2021. The sample size was 634, and students were randomly selected from public and private secondary schools. The 81 items were developed reviewing different literatures based on the constructs of HBM. The constructs were perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-efficacy, cues to action, perceived school support and self-protective practice. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The data were cleaned, entered into and analyzed using SPSS 23.0. A principal axis factoring with varimax rotation was carried out to extract items. Items with no loading factor or cross-loaded items were deleted. Items having factor loading coefficient of ≥0.4 were retained. An internal reliability was ensured at Cronbach’s alpha >0.70. All items with corrected item-total correlation coefficient below 0.30 were deleted from reliability analysis.

Results
In this study, 576 respondents were participated making a response rate of 90.8%. A total of thirty items were extracted and loaded in to eleven factors with cumulative variance of 56.719%. Percieved social support, percieved benefit, percieved school responsibility, self-efficacy, and practice items were internally consistent. Percieved vurnerability was neither valid nor reliable construct. Similarly, from the extracted factors, attitude towards face mask use and percieved peer influence were not internally consistent. Lastly, percieved benefit, self-efficacy and percieved school responsibility significantly predicted student’s adherence to COVID-19 self-protective practices.

Conclusions
The study found that perceived benefit, perceived school support, social support, self-efficacy, perceived school environment cleanness, perceived school responsibility, perceived school health education, attitude to use face mask, perceived severity, cues to action and perceived peer influence were valid. Finally, perceived benefit, self-efficacy and perceived school responsibility significantly predicted student’s adherence to COVID-19 self-protective practices.
Fiscal Theory and Practice in Yorkist England: The Regression from a “Tax” to a “Domain” State
Authors: Brayson Alex 
Published: December 2022

This work scrutinises the B. P. Wolffe’s influential argument that the Yorkist «land revenue experiment» transformed the English crown’s finances. It pioneers quantitative estimates of the Yorkist royal budget which emphasise the limited net gains derived from the crown’s resumption of alienated lands. This demonstrates that the notion of «living of the king’s own» which was central to the work of Sir John Fortescue does not afford a realistic blueprint for how a fifteenth-century government could manage its finances, but rather denotes an ideological, class-based, opposition to the lay tax burden. These themes demonstrate the intellectual rigour of the «Bonney-Ormrod model of fiscal change», which accounts for historical fiscal systemic regression from «tax» to «domain» states, as occurred in Yorkist England, just as much as it does more commonly discussed cases of systemic fiscal advancement characteristic of much of early modern Western Europe.
A educação ambiental no Brasil:
Authors: Denise Radiske Müller Diana , Godschmidt Andrea , Xavier Coutinho Renato Xavier Coutinho 
Published: December 2022

O estudo, por meio de uma pesquisa cienciométrica, de abordagem quali-quantitativa, teve como objetivo caracterizar e analisar as produções acadêmicas strictu sensu de práticas pedagógicas de Educação Ambiental desenvolvidas junto a Educação Básica, com alunos do Ensino Fundamental II. Para tanto, elegeu-se a Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações para buscar os dados. Constitui o corpus de análise, 40 produções acadêmicas, compostas por dissertações e teses, no período entre 2010 a 2019. O estudo cienciométrico revelou maior número de produções acadêmicas selecionadas no ano de 2018, as práticas de Educação Ambiental publicadas apresentaram um perfil predominante realizado em instituições públicas, concentradas na região Sul do País. Verificou-se que, o foco das produções selecionadas desenvolveu-se em 14 programas de Pós-Graduação relacionados a Educação e ao Ensino de Ciências. O estudo evidenciou que a produção de conhecimento, centrou-se na pesquisa de natureza aplicada, com abordagem qualitativa e a principal metodologia de pesquisa referiu-se ao estudo de caso. Por fim, a síntese cienciométrica sugere que se tem muito a avançar no número de produções stricto sensu, especialmente em teses, referente à temática Educação Ambiental no Ensino Fundamental II.