bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Various Fungicides and Herbicides for the Management of Wheat Foot Rot Disease
Authors: Vikram  , Sahu Suresh Kumar , Tandon Ashwarya L. , Patel Ajay Kumar 
Published: August 2023

The present research was conducted to investigate and assess the effectiveness of fungicides and herbicides in controlling the foot rot disease caused by the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii in wheat crops. Foot rot of wheat caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. has a major constraint and potential threat to successful wheat cultivation. Therefore affords were made to screen the different systemic, contact and combination of fungicides and herbicides in vitro condition against Sclerotium rolfsii. Different fungicides against S. rolfsii were tested in vitro. The efficacy of two systemic fungicides (Tricyclazole 75%W.P. & Carbendazim 50% WP); two non-systemic fungicides (Mancozeb 75%WP & Copper oxychloride 50% WP); one contact fungicides Propineb 70%WP and one combo fungicides (Metalaxyl 8%+Mancozeb 64%) were evaluated at different concentrations (50,150 and 250 ppm) on the development of S. rolfsii on Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium using poisoned food technique. Among the six fungicides, Mancozeb was found best at all the concentrations followed by Tricyclazole at higher concentrations which inhibit the growth of S. rolfsii. Another method used for management strategy was herbicide for inhibiting the mycelial growth of S. Rolfsii. In vitro efficacy of selective herbicides viz. (Metribuzin 70% WP & Oxadiargyl 80% WP), systemic herbicide viz. (Pyrazosulfuron Ethyl 10% WP & Metsulfuron Methyl 20% WP) and one combo herbicides viz. (Bensulfuron Methyl 0.6% + Pretilachlor 6% GR) were tested at their recommended concentrations. Among them metribuzin showed 80.00 % growth inhibition, succeeded by Pyrazosulfuron ethyl (51.85%) and Bensulfuron methyl + Pretilachlor (45.92%).
Efficacy of Feedback Based Therapy for Dysphagia in Post Stroke Patients
Authors: Priya R. P. Shanmuga , Rajarajeswari A. 
Published: August 2023

Background and Purpose: Nearly one third of stroke survivors experiencing swallowing dysfunction called Dysphagia, in addition to the motor and sensory impairments. Post stroke dysphagia is associated with increased mortality and morbidity due to aspiration pneumonia, and malnutrition. Feedback can be advocated for enhancing outcomes in dysphagia rehabilitation. However, biofeedback in swallowing therapy is not routinely used. Hence, we tested the functional outcome of cumulative effect of surface Electromyograpy (sEMG) biofeedback adjunct to swallowing exercises summated with visual, auditory and tactile feedback which engross and stimulates active participation of the patients during the therapy of dysphagia rehabilitation.
Methods: This study included 12 stroke patients with swallowing difficulty allocated into control and interventional group with 6 subjects in each. Swallowing function was evaluated using Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Baseline Surface Electromyography (sEMG) of Suprahyoid muscle and Presence of Nasogastric tube. Interventional group received Feedback based therapy along with conventional therapy for 30 to 40 minutes a day for10 days and control group received conventional therapy for 10 days. The post interventional outcome of FOIS, Average of surface Electromyography (sEMG) of suprahyoid muscle was evaluated.
Results: The Nasogastric tube was removed in all patients of experimental group after intervention and established initiation of oral feeding. The result showed improvement in functional oral intake scale after intervention. The muscle activity noted in experimental group was greater than the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: We conclude that Feedback based therapy protocol shows good improvement in post stroke patients with dysphagia. Inclusion of this protocol in therapy may influence standards of care and best practices for post stroke dysphagia patients.
The Registration Number: This trial was registered in Clinical Trials Registry – India and the trial registration number is CTRI/2020/05/025356.
Comparative Effectiveness of Individual Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors
Authors: Shin HoJin , Paik Julie M. , Everett Brendan M. , DiCesare Elyse , Alix Caroline , Glynn Robert J. , Wexler Deborah J. , Patorno Elisabetta 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceEvidence on cardiovascular benefits and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors is mainly from placebo-controlled trials. Therefore, the comparative effectiveness and safety of individual SGLT-2 inhibitors remain unknown.ObjectiveTo compare the use of canagliflozin or dapagliflozin with empagliflozin for a composite outcome (myocardial infarction [MI] or stroke), heart failure hospitalization, MI, stroke, all-cause death, and safety outcomes, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), lower-limb amputation, bone fracture, severe urinary tract infection (UTI), and genital infection and whether effects differed by dosage or cardiovascular disease (CVD) history.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis comparative effectiveness study using target trial emulation included adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using 3 US claims databases using data from August 2014 through June 2020. The study was conducted from August 2023 to July 2024, with a follow-up period of up to 8 years, and the analysis was completed in July 2024.ExposuresFirst dispensing of canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, or empagliflozin without any use of SGLT-2 inhibitors during the prior 365 days.Main outcomes and measuresDatabase-specific models were weighted using propensity score matching-weights to adjust for 129 confounders. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs for outcomes were estimated using weighted Cox proportional hazards models. HRs were pooled across databases using a fixed-effect meta-analysis.Results: Across the databases, 232 890 patients receiving canagliflozin, 129 881 patients receiving dapagliflozin, and 295 043 patients receiving empagliflozin were identified. Compared with empagliflozin initiators, those receiving canagliflozin or dapagliflozin were less likely to have diabetes-related conditions or a history of CVD at baseline. For MI/stroke risk, both canagliflozin (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.91-1.05) and dapagliflozin (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.89-1.03) were comparable to empagliflozin. For heart failure hospitalization, dapagliflozin initiators had a higher risk (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39), particularly at the low dose of 5 mg (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12-1.50). These findings were consistent across subgroups of CVD history. For safety events, compared with empagliflozin, canagliflozin initiators had a lower risk of genital infections (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.97) but a higher risk of severe UTIs (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.24), and dapagliflozin initiators had lower risks of genital infections (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.95) and DKA (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68-0.90).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that individual SGLT-2 inhibitors demonstrated comparable cardiovascular effectiveness at clinically effective doses, though low-dose dapagliflozin showed a reduced benefit for heart failure hospitalization compared with empagliflozin.
Use of Albumin-Adjusted Calcium Measurements in Clinical Practice
Authors: Desgagnés Noémie , King James A. , Kline Gregory A. , Seiden-Long Isolde , Leung Alexander A. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceUsing albumin-adjusted calcium is commonly recommended for for measuring calcium, but with little empirical evidence to support the practice.ObjectiveTo assess the correlation between total calcium measurements (with or without adjustment) vs the ionized calcium level as a reference standard.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a population-based cross-sectional study in the province of Alberta, Canada, including adults tested for serum total calcium and ionized calcium simultaneously between January 1, 2013, and October 31, 2019. Statistical analysis was performed from March 2023 to October 2024.Main Measures and OutcomesThe correlation between unadjusted and adjusted total calcium measurements (using 10 formulas) and the ionized calcium level was evaluated, along with the potential association with the classification of calcium status.ResultsAmong 22 658 patients included, 11 889 (52.5%) were female and 10 769 (47.5%) were male; the median (IQR) age was 60 (47-72) years. The unadjusted total calcium (R2 = 71.7%; 95% CI, 71.1%-72.2%) had a stronger correlation with ionized calcium than the commonly used simplified Payne formula (ie, total calcium [mmol/L] + 0.02 [40 − albumin (g/L)]) (R2 = 68.9%; 95% CI, 68.0%-69.6%) and correlated similarly to other formulas (Payne: lowest R2 = 60.3%; 95% CI, 59.3%-61.3%; and James: highest R2 = 76.7%; 95% CI, 76.1%-77.3%). When classifying patients into categories of hypocalcemia, normocalcemia, or hypercalcemia, unadjusted total calcium had the best overall agreement (74.5%) with ionized calcium compared with albumin-adjusted calcium using the original Payne and simplified Payne formulas (agreement 63.0% and 58.7%, respectively). Misclassification using the adjustment formulas was worse in the presence of hypoalbuminemia (albumin level &amp;lt;30 g/L).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study drawn from a contemporaneous population, there appeared to be heavy reliance on adjustment formulas for calcium in clinical practice with little gain but considerable risk of misclassification of true calcium status, especially in the presence of hypoalbuminemia. These results suggest that unadjusted total calcium was the best and most practical alternative to ionized calcium.
Travel Time as an Indicator of Poor Access to Care in Surgical Emergencies
Authors: Clark Nina M. , Hernandez Alexandra H. , Bertalan Mia S. , Wang Virginia , Greenberg Sarah L. M. , Ibrahim Andrew M. , Stewart Barclay T. , Scott John W. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceTimely access to care is a key metric for health care systems and is particularly important in conditions that acutely worsen with delays in care, including surgical emergencies. However, the association between travel time to emergency care and risk for complex presentation is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of travel time on disease complexity at presentation among people with emergency general surgery conditions and to evaluate whether travel time was associated with clinical outcomes and measures of increased health resource utilization.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used administrative statewide inpatient and emergency department databases with linkage across encounters, including nearly every inpatient or emergency department encounter in the states of Florida and California in 2021. Participants included adult patients who presented to an emergency department with 1 of 5 common emergency surgical conditions. Data were collected from January to December 2021 and analyzed from June to December 2023.ExposureThe primary exposure was travel time from the patient’s home to the facility where they initially received emergency care.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome of interest was surgical disease complexity at the time of presentation to emergency care. Secondary outcomes included inpatient complications, mortality, and indicators of health system resource utilization. Multivariable logistic regression models were used, and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% CIs were reported.ResultsAmong 190 311 adults with emergency general surgery conditions, 7138 (3.8%) lived further than 60 minutes from the facility where they sought emergency care. Longer travel times were associated with higher odds of complex disease presentation for travel time of more than 120 minutes vs 15 minutes or less (aOR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.17-1.40). Patients with a travel time 60 minutes or more were more likely to require operative intervention (aOR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10-1.26), inpatient admission (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.33-1.50), interfacility transfer (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15-1.51), and longer inpatient stay (adjusted mean difference, 0.47 days; 95% CI, 0.35-0.59), and had higher charges (adjusted mean difference, $8284; 95% CI, $5532-$11 035).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with emergency surgical conditions, travel time to emergency care was associated with markers of delayed presentation and increased facility resource utilization. As opposed to static measures, such as rurality, travel time may serve as a more useful metric to inform policy efforts aimed at preserving access to care amidst rural hospital closures and regionalization.
Genomic Drivers of Coronary Artery Disease and Risk of Future Outcomes After Coronary Angiography
Authors: Supriami Kelvin , Urbut Sarah M. , Tello-Ayala José R. , Unlu Ozan , Friedman Samuel F. , Abou-Karam Roukoz , Koyama Satoshi , Uddin Md Mesbah , Pomerantsev Eugene , Lu Michael T. , Honigberg Michael C. , Aragam Krishna G. , Doshi-Velez Finale , Patel Aniruddh P. , Natarajan Pradeep , Ellinor Patrick T. , Fahed Akl C. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceDisease characteristics of genetically mediated coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary angiography and the association of genomic risk with outcomes after coronary angiography are not well understood.ObjectiveTo assess the angiographic characteristics and risk of post–coronary angiography outcomes of patients with genomic drivers of CAD: familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), high polygenic risk score (PRS), and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study of 3518 Mass General Brigham Biobank participants with genomic information who underwent coronary angiography was conducted between July 18, 2000, and August 1, 2023.ExposuresThe presence of a genomic risk factor of CAD, defined as FH variant, high CAD PRS, or CHIP driver variation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCoronary artery disease presentation (stable or acute), angiographic CAD characteristics (severity and burden), angiographic outcomes (repeat angiogram, revascularization, and in-stent restenosis), and clinical outcomes (heart failure and all-cause mortality).ResultsAmong 3518 participants (2467 [70.1%] male; median age, 64.0 [IQR, 55.0-72.0] years), 1509 (42.9%) had at least 1 genomic driver of CAD (26 FH, 1191 high CAD PRS, and 466 CHIP) that was associated with the presentation of acute coronary syndromes (adjusted odds ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.19-3.26) and with the presence, burden, and severity of angiographic CAD. This association was driven by FH and CAD PRS. One SD of CAD PRS was associated with a 12.51-point higher Gensini score. During 9 years of follow-up, there was an increased risk among FH carriers for a repeat angiogram (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.02-2.83), and revascularization (AHR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.02-3.80), and among people with high CAD PRS (repeat angiogram: AHR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.45-2.22; revascularization: AHR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.37-2.50; and in-stent restenosis: AHR, 3.89; 95% CI, 2.16-7.01). CHIP carriers had no significant increase in angiographic outcomes but were at higher risk of heart failure (AHR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.04-2.40) and all-cause mortality (AHR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.47-2.16).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that germline monogenic and polygenic risk are associated with acute coronary syndromes presentation, severity and burden of atherosclerosis, and risk of repeat angiogram, revascularization, and in-stent restenosis. CHIP variant status is associated with incident heart failure and mortality after coronary angiography.
External Validation of a 5-Factor Risk Model for Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema
Authors: Lin Cherie , Su Jie , Wu Alison J. , Lin Neil , Hossack Madison-Shira , Shi Wei , Xu Wei , Liu Fei-Fei , Kwan Jennifer Y. Y. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceSecondary lymphedema is a common, harmful side effect of breast cancer treatment. Robust risk models that are externally validated are needed to facilitate clinical translation. A published risk model used 5 accessible clinical factors to predict the development of breast cancer–related lymphedema; this model included a patient’s mammographic breast density as a novel predictive factor.ObjectiveTo investigate the external validity of a previously reported 5-factor model by applying it to an independent cohort of patients with breast cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prognostic study collected data on a longitudinal cohort of patients with predominantly early-stage breast cancer treated with curative intent at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto, Canada between February 1, 2010, and July 31, 2014, with a median (IQR) follow-up of 4.3 (2.4-7.6) years. The 5 factors (age, body mass index, breast density, nodal burden, and use of axillary lymph node dissection [ALND]) were used as input into the established regression-based model. The analysis was performed from July 2 through August 29, 2024.ExposureLymphedema after breast cancer treatment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLymphedema-free survival (LFS) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy performance metrics of predicting breast cancer–related lymphedema were calculated.ResultsA total of 101 female patients (median [IQR] age, 54.8 [48.8-62.3] years) were included in the analysis. These patients had localized or locoregional breast cancer treated with primary lumpectomy (90 [89%]) or mastectomy (11 [11%]); 75 (74%) had no axillary biopsy or sentinel lymph node biopsy; 26 (26%) had undergone ALND; and 38 (38%) had received chemotherapy, 101 (100%) received radiotherapy, and 64 (63%) received hormone therapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a 2-year LFS of 97.5% (95% CI, 94.0%-100.0%) vs 65.0% (95% CI, 47.1%-89.7%) for the low- vs high-risk groups as defined by the 5-factor model (P &amp;lt; .001). The model sensitivity was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.52-0.98), specificity was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80-0.94), and accuracy was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.94) for predicting breast cancer–related lymphedema.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings validate the performance of a 5-factor risk model for its prediction of 2-year LFS. Future clinical translation of this model can help with identifying patients at the highest risk of breast cancer–related lymphedema to facilitate closer surveillance and/or preventive management to improve health outcomes and quality of life.
NFSI‐TEMPO Catalysed Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Deoxyglycosides from Glycals
Authors: Kumar Sharma Vivek , Thakur Rima 
Published: January 2025

Abstract2‐deoxyglycosides are prominent constituents of diverse naturally occurring glycans and are known to participate in crucial biological pathways. We herein demonstrate NFSI‐TEMPO as an efficient organocatalyst for the formation of 2‐deoxy‐α‐glycosides from glycals. For the first time a catalytic behaviour of NFSI‐TEMPO combination has been observed. The reaction conditions have been found suitable for the generation of glycosides from commercial alcohols, amino acid, sterol, phenols and monosaccharide derived alcohols. Broad range of protecting groups on both glycal and glycosyl acceptors as well as alcohols of varied reactivity were found to be compatible for the generation of 2‐deoxy‐α‐glycosides in moderate to good yields. The synthetic potential of the newly established transformation was illustrated by application in trisaccharide synthesis and gram‐scale reaction.
Observation of Extraordinary Vibration Scatterings Induced by Strong Anharmonicity in Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites
Authors: Wang Guang , Zheng Jiongzhi , Xue Jie , Xu Yixin , Zheng Qiye , Hautier Geoffroy , Lu Haipeng , Zhou Yanguang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLead‐free halide double perovskites provide a promising solution for the long‐standing issues of lead‐containing halide perovskites, i.e., the toxicity of Pb and the low stability under ambient conditions and high‐intensity illumination. Their light‐to‐electricity or thermal‐to‐electricity conversion is strongly determined by the dynamics of the corresponding lattice vibrations. Here, the measurement of lattice dynamics is presented in a prototypical lead‐free halide double perovskite(Cs2NaInCl6). The quantitative measurements and first‐principles calculations show that the scatterings among lattice vibrations at room temperature are at the timescale of ≈1 ps, which stems from the extraordinarily strong anharmonicity in Cs2NaInCl6. Further the degree of anharmonicity of each type of atom is quantitatively characterized in the Cs2NaInCl6 single crystal, which stems from the interatomic forces, and demonstrate that this strong anharmonicity is synergistically contributed by the bond hierarchy, the tilting of the NaCl6 and InCl6 octahedral units, and the rattling of Cs+ ions. Consequently, the crystalline Cs2NaInCl6 possesses an ultralow thermal conductivity of ≈0.43 W mK−1 at room temperature, and a weak temperature dependence of T
−0.41. These findings uncovered the underlying mechanisms behind the dynamics of lattice vibrations in double perovskites, which can largely benefit the design of optoelectronics and thermoelectrics based on halide double perovskites.
A Novel 167‐Amino Acid Protein Encoded by CircPCSK6 Inhibits Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Progression via IKBα Ubiquitination
Authors: Guan Canghai , Gao Jianjun , Zou Xinlei , Shi Wujiang , Hao Yunhe , Ge Yifei , Xu Zhaoqiang , Yang Chengru , Bi Shaowu , Jiang Xingming , Kang Pengcheng , Xu Xiaoxue , Zhong Xiangyu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), a formidable challenge in oncology, demands innovative biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This research highlights the importance of the circular RNA (circRNA) circPCSK6 and its peptide derivative circPCSK6‐167aa in ICC. CircPCSK6 is significantly downregulated in both ICC patients and mouse primary ICC models, and its lower expression is linked to adverse prognosis, highlighting its pivotal role in ICC pathogenesis. Functionally, this study elucidates the regulatory effect of circPCSK6‐167aa on IκBα ubiquitination within the NF‐κB pathway, which is mediated by its competitive binding to the E3 ligase RBBP6. This complex interaction leads to reduced activation of the NF‐κB pathway, thereby curbing tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness, and hepatic‐lung metastasis in vivo. This groundbreaking discovery expands the understanding of circRNA‐driven tumorigenesis through atypical signaling pathways. Additionally, this investigation identified EIF4A3 as a detrimental regulator of circPCSK6, exacerbating ICC malignancy. Importantly, by leveraging patient‐derived xenograft (PDX), organoids, and organoid‐derived PDX models, higher levels of circPCSK6‐167aa enhance sensitivity to gemcitabine, indicating its potential to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy. These insights emphasize the therapeutic promise of targeting circPCSK6‐167aa, offering vital biological insights and clinical directions for developing cutting‐edge therapeutic approaches, thus revealing innovative strategies and targets for future treatments.