bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Alzheimer's-related plasma biomarkers with cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mizutani Yasuaki , Ohdake Reiko , Tatebe Harutsugu , Higashi Atsuhiro , Shima Sayuri , Ueda Akihiro , Ito Mizuki , Tokuda Takahiko , Watanabe Hirohisa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with cognitive decline through multiple mechanisms, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and cortical Lewy body involvement. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, AD-related plasma biomarkers have emerged as potential tools for predicting abnormal pathological protein accumulation. We aimed to investigate the association between AD-related plasma biomarkers and cognitive decline in PD patients.

Methods
Plasma biomarkers were measured in 70 PD patients (49 with nondemented Parkinson’s disease (PDND) and 21 with Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD)) and 38 healthy controls (HCs) using a single-molecule array. The study evaluated (1) the correlation between plasma biomarkers and clinical parameters, (2) receiver operating characteristic curves and areas under the curve to evaluate the discrimination capacity of plasma biomarkers among groups, and (3) a generalized linear model to analyze associations with Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese version scores.

Results
Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein significantly correlated with cognitive function tests, including all subdomains, with a notable increase in the PDD group compared with the HC and PDND groups, while plasma neurofilament light chain captured both cognitive decline and disease severity in the PDND and PDD groups. Plasma beta-amyloid 42/40 and pholphorylated-tau181 indicated AD pathology in the PDD group, but plasma beta-amyloid 42/40 was increased in the PDND group compared with HCs and decreased in the PDD group compared with the PDND group.

Conclusions
AD-related plasma biomarkers may predict cognitive decline in PD and uncover underlying mechanisms suggesting astrocytic pathologies related to cognitive decline in PD.
Exercise-induced myocardial T1 increase and right ventricular dysfunction in recreational cyclists: a CMR study
Authors: Ghekiere Olivier , Herbots Lieven , Peters Benjamin , Berg Baptiste Vande , Dresselaers Tom , Franssen Wouter , Padovani Bernard , Ducreux Dorothee , Ferrari Emile , Nchimi Alain , Demanez Sophie , De Bosscher Ruben , Willems Rik , Heidbuchel Hein , La Gerche Andre , Claessen Guido , Bogaert Jan , Eijnde Bert O. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Although cardiac troponin I (cTnI) increase following strenuous exercise has been observed, the development of exercise-induced myocardial edema remains unclear. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) native T1/T2 mapping is sensitive to the pathological increase of myocardial water content. Therefore, we evaluated exercise-induced acute myocardial changes in recreational cyclists by incorporating biomarkers, echocardiography and CMR.

Methods
Nineteen male recreational participants (age: 48 ± 5 years) cycled the ‘L’étape du tour de France” (EDT) 2021’ (175 km, 3600 altimeters). One week before the race, a maximal graded cycling test was conducted to determine individual heart rate (HR) training zones. One day before and 3–6 h post-exercise 3 T CMR and echocardiography were performed to assess myocardial native T1/T2 relaxation times and cardiac function, and blood samples were collected. All participants were asked to cycle 2 h around their anaerobic gas exchange threshold (HR zone 4).

Results
Eighteen participants completed the EDT stage in 537 ± 58 min, including 154 ± 61 min of cycling time in HR zone 4. Post-race right ventricular (RV) dysfunction with reduced strain and increased volumes (p < 0.05) and borderline significant left ventricular global longitudinal strain reduction (p = 0.05) were observed. Post-exercise cTnI (0.75 ± 5.1 ng/l to 69.9 ± 41.6 ng/l; p < 0.001) and T1 relaxation times (1133 ± 48 ms to 1182 ± 46 ms, p < 0.001) increased significantly with no significant change in T2 (p = 0.474). cTnI release correlated with increase in T1 relaxation time (p = 0.002; r = 0.703), post-race RV dysfunction (p < 0.05; r = 0.562) and longer cycling in HR zone 4 (p < 0.05; r = 0.607).

Conclusion
Strenuous exercise causes early post-race cTnI increase, increased T1 relaxation time and RV dysfunction in recreational cyclists, which showed interdependent correlation. The long-term clinical significance of these changes needs further investigation.

Trial registration numbers and date
NCT 04940650 06/18/2021. NCT 05138003 06/18/2021.
Simulated Annealing is a Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme for the Minimum Spanning Tree Problem
Authors: Doerr Benjamin , Rajabi Amirhossein , Witt Carsten 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe prove that Simulated Annealing with an appropriate cooling schedule computes arbitrarily tight constant-factor approximations to the minimum spanning tree problem in polynomial time. This result was conjectured by Wegener (Automata, Languages and Programming, ICALP, Berlin, 2005). More precisely, denoting by $$n, m, w_{\max }$$

n
,
m
,

w
max

, and $$w_{\min }$$

w
min

the number of vertices and edges as well as the maximum and minimum edge weight of the MST instance, we prove that simulated annealing with initial temperature $$T_0 \ge w_{\max }$$

T
0

≥

w
max

and multiplicative cooling schedule with factor $$1-1/\ell $$

1
-
1
/
ℓ

, where $$\ell = \omega (mn\ln (m))$$

ℓ
=
ω
(
m
n
ln
(
m
)
)

, with probability at least $$1-1/m$$

1
-
1
/
m

computes in time $$O(\ell (\ln \ln (\ell ) + \ln (T_0/w_{\min }) ))$$

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(
ℓ

(
ln
ln

(
ℓ
)

+
ln

(

T
0

/

w
min

)

)

)

a spanning tree with weight at most $$1+\kappa $$

1
+
κ

times the optimum weight, where $$1+\kappa = \frac{(1+o(1))\ln (\ell m)}{\ln (\ell ) -\ln (mn\ln (m))}$$

1
+
κ
=

(
1
+
o
(
1
)
)
ln
(
ℓ
m
)

ln
(
ℓ
)
-
ln
(
m
n
ln
(
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)

. Consequently, for any $$\epsilon >0$$

ϵ
>
0

, we can choose $$\ell $$
ℓ
in such a way that a $$(1+\epsilon )$$

(
1
+
ϵ
)

-approximation is found in time $$O((mn\ln (n))^{1+1/\epsilon +o(1)}(\ln \ln n + \ln (T_0/w_{\min })))$$

O
(

(
m
n
ln

(
n
)

)

1
+
1
/
ϵ
+
o
(
1
)

(
ln
ln
n
+
ln

(

T
0

/

w
min

)

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)

with probability at least $$1-1/m$$

1
-
1
/
m

. In the special case of so-called $$(1+\epsilon )$$

(
1
+
ϵ
)

-separated weights, this algorithm computes an optimal solution (again in time $$O( (mn\ln (n))^{1+1/\epsilon +o(1)}(\ln \ln n + \ln (T_0/w_{\min })))$$

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(

(
m
n
ln

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n
)

)

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)

), which is a significant speed-up over Wegener’s runtime guarantee of $$O(m^{8 + 8/\epsilon })$$

O
(

m

8
+
8
/
ϵ

)

. Our tighter upper bound also admits the result that in some situations a hybridization of simulated annealing and the $${(1 + 1)}$$

(
1
+
1
)

EA can lead to stronger runtime guarantees than either algorithm alone.
The use of generative adversarial networks for multi-site one-class follicular lymphoma classification
Authors: Somaratne Upeka Vianthi , Wong Kok Wai , Parry Jeremy , Laga Hamid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent advances in digital technologies have lowered the costs and improved the quality of digital pathology Whole Slide Images (WSI), opening the door to apply Machine Learning (ML) techniques to assist in cancer diagnosis. ML, including Deep Learning (DL), has produced impressive results in diverse image classification tasks in pathology, such as predicting clinical outcomes in lung cancer and inferring regional gene expression signatures. Despite these promising results, the uptake of ML as a common diagnostic tool in pathology remains limited. A major obstacle is the insufficient labelled data for training neural networks and other classifiers, especially for new sites where models have not been established yet. Recently, image synthesis from small, labelled datasets using Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) has been used successfully to create high-performing classification models. Considering the domain shift and complexity in annotating data, we investigated an approach based on GAN that minimized the differences in WSI between large public data archive sites and a much smaller data archives at the new sites. The proposed approach allows the tuning of a deep learning classification model for the class of interest to be improved using a small training set available at the new sites. This paper utilizes GAN with the one-class classification concept to model the class of interest data. This approach minimizes the need for large amounts of labelled data from the new site to train the network. The GAN generates synthesized one-class WSI images to jointly train the classifier with WSIs available from the new sites. We tested the proposed approach for follicular lymphoma data of a new site by utilizing the data archives from different sites. The synthetic images for the one-class data generated from the data obtained from different sites with minimum amount of data from the new site have resulted in a significant improvement of 15% for the Area Under the curve (AUC) for the new site that we want to establish a new follicular lymphoma classifier. The test results have shown that the classifier can perform well without the need to obtain more training data from the test site, by utilizing GAN to generate the synthetic data from all existing data in the archives from all the sites.
Rising incidence of acute total hip arthroplasty for primary and adjunctive treatment of acetabular fracture in older and middle-aged adults
Authors: Patterson Joseph T. , Wier Julian , Kumaran Pranit , Adamczyk Andrew 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) may be an alternative or an adjuvant to internal fixation for surgical treatment of acetabular fractures. We investigate recent trends in the operative management of acetabular fractures. We hypothesize that the incidence of acute THA for acetabular fractures has increased over time.

Methods
4569 middle-aged (45–64 years) and older adults (≥ 65 years) who received acute operative management of an acetabular fracture within 3 weeks of admission between 2010 and 2020 were identified from the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Treatment was classified as open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), THA, or combined ORIF and THA (ORIF + THA). Patients were stratified by age ≥ 65 years old. Associations between demographic factors and the incidence of each procedure over the study period were modeled using linear regression.

Results
The relative incidence of treatments was 80.9% ORIF, 12.1% THA, and 7.0% ORIF + THA. Among patients aged 45–64 years old, THA increased 4.8% [R2 = 0.62; β1 = 0.6% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.2–0.9%)] and ORIF + THA increased 2.6% [R2 = 0.73; β1 = 0.3% (95% CI 0.2–0.4%)], while the use of ORIF decreased 7.4% [R2 = 0.75; β1 = −0.9% (95% CI −1.2 to −0.5%)]. Among patients ≥ 65 years old, THA increased 16.5% [R2 = 0.87; β1 = 1.7% (95% CI 1.2–2.2%)] and ORIF + THA increased 5.0% [R2 = 0.38, β1 = 0.6% (95% CI 0.0–1.3%)], while ORIF decreased 21.5% [R2 = 0.75; β1 = −2.4% (95% CI −3.45 to −1.3%)].

Conclusion
The treatment of acetabular fractures with acute THA has increased in the last decade, particularly among older adults.
Assessment of selected muscle damage markers and zonulin concentration after maximum-intensity exercise in men with type 1 diabetes treated with a personal insulin pump
Authors: Matejko Bartłomiej , Tota Łukasz , Morawska-Tota Małgorzata , Pałka Tomasz , Malecki Maciej T. , Klupa Tomasz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aim
Exercise-induced muscle damage depends on exercise intensity and duration and on individual susceptibility. Mechanical and metabolic stress may disturb the intestinal microflora. The study evaluated selected muscle damage markers and zonulin concentration after maximum-intensity exercise in type 1 diabetes (T1D) men compared with healthy controls.

Methods
The study involved 16 T1D participants and 28 controls matched by age (22.7 [21.3–25.1] vs. 22.6 [20.9–26.3] years), body mass index (24.2 ± 1.6 vs. 24.2 ± 1.9 kg/m2), and body fat percentage (16.1 ± 5.2 vs. 14.9 ± 4.6%). The T1D group had 11.3 ± 5.1 years of diabetes duration and a suboptimal mean glycated haemoglobin level of 7.2 ± 1.1%. The subjects underwent a graded running treadmill test until exhaustion. Lactate concentration was assessed in arterialized blood at baseline and 3 and 20 min after the test. Cortisol, testosterone, tumour necrosis factor α, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, zonulin, and vitamin D levels were evaluated in cubital fossa vein blood before and 60 min after the test.

Results
T1D patients presented higher baseline zonulin, myoglobin concentration, testosterone/cortisol ratio, and lower maximal oxygen uptake. On adjusting for the baseline values, the groups differed in zonulin, lactate dehydrogenase, and myoglobin levels, testosterone/cortisol ratio, and lactate concentration determined 20 min after exercise (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Maximum-intensity exercise increased muscle and intestinal damage in T1D participants. In patients with lower physical activity, very-high-intensity exercise should be recommended with caution. Observing the anabolic-catabolic index may help individualize effort intensity in T1D individuals.
Missed diagnosis of Fabry disease: should we screen patients with multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Rekova Petra , Kovarova Ivana , Uher Tomas , Srpova Barbora , Dostalova Gabriela , Linhart Ales , Vaneckova Manuela , Stastna Dominika 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Fabry disease (FD) can be undiagnosed in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS) due to similar clinical and paraclinical features. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence (and the necessity of screening) of FD among patients with possible or definite MS.

Methods
In this prospective monocentric observational study, we included consecutive patients enrolled between May 2017 and May 2019 after the first clinical event suggestive of MS. All patients underwent FD screening using dried blood spots in a stepwise manner combining genetic and enzyme testing. Patients were followed until May 2022.

Results
We included 160 patients (73.1% female, mean age 33.9 years). The 2017 revised McDonald’s criteria for definite MS were fulfilled by 74 (46.3%) patients at the time of study recruitment and 89 (55.6%) patients after 3–5 years of follow-up. None of the patients had a pathogenic GLA variant, and four (2.5%) had a variant of unknown significance (p.A143T, p.S126G, 2 × p.D313Y). In two of these patients, the intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal bands was absent, and none had hyperproteinorachia or pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid. Detailed examination of FD organ manifestations revealed only discrete ocular and kidney involvement in two patients.

Conclusion
The prevalence of FD in the population of suspected or definite MS patients does not appear to be high. Our results do not support routine FD screening in all patients with a possible diagnosis of MS, but there is an urgent need to search for red flags and include FD in the differential diagnosis of MS.
Digging in? Migration preferences in communities affected by climate change — evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Wiig Arne , Mahmud Minhaj , Kolstad Ivar , Lujala Päivi , Bezu Sosina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We analyse unique survey data on the migration intentions of 400 households in two extremely climate exposed communities in coastal Bangladesh. The results show that few households in these areas expect to relocate elsewhere over the coming 5-year period. Surprisingly, households that have experienced environmental shocks do not express higher migration intentions or expectations of future shocks. These results hold controlling for variables reflecting household constraints, vulnerability, and coping capacity, and likely reflects the population remaining in the region being a highly selected sample whose preferences for mobility are low and remain limited in the face of environmental shocks. Moreover, an embedded discrete choice experiment shows that shock-exposed households are less likely to move in scenarios of worse future environmental conditions. We argue that this is hard to explain through selection or increased resilience alone, and may instead reflect preference change among shock-exposed households that have chosen to remain. Our results suggest that in contexts of ongoing exposure to climate shocks, migration may over time become an increasingly unimportant adaptation strategy in affected areas.
How do spine surgeons cope with psychological distress: results of a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kalasauskas Darius , Ottenhausen Malte , Irene Irene , Chmitorz Andrea , Lieb Klaus , Ringel Florian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCross Sectional Study/Online Survey. In this study, we sought to assess stress, psychological distress, resilience, and coping strategies among spine surgeons in German-speaking countries. Recent studies have reported high rates of stress and burnout among surgeons. A survey via Survey Monkey™ was conducted among spine surgeons practicing in German-speaking countries using validated questionnaires for perceived stress, mental burden, resilience, and quality of life. Data on working situation and demographics were also collected. 582 surgeons responded to the survey, representing 15% of those surveyed. 79% of respondents were satisfied with their professional success. Mental burden was higher than in the general population, as was perceived stress. Chairpersons were exposed to the lowest levels of perceived stress and mental burden. Mental distress was high (GHQ ≥ 12) in 59% of residents and 27% chairpersons. Self-reported psychological resilience was higher than levels found in the general population and highest among chairpersons. Quality of life was comparable to levels reported in the general population. There were statistically significant correlations between perceived stress and mental burden scores (r s = 0.65, p < 0.001). Career level (senior physicians vs. residents, OR 0.26; 95% CI 0.10-0.66), perceived stress (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.33-1.77), self-reported resilience (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.33-0.84), and mental composite score (SOR 0.86; 95% CI 0.83-0.90) were predictors of high mental burden. There was no interaction between perceived stress and resilience on mental burden (p = 0.835). Spine surgeons are exposed to higher levels of stress than the general population, which are associated with higher mental distress. More professional experience and higher levels of psychological resilience are associated with lower levels of stress.
State of activity classification of deep-seated gravitational slope deformation at regional scale based on Sentinel-1 data
Authors: Cignetti Martina , Godone Danilo , Notti Davide , Giordan Daniele , Bertolo Davide , Calò Fabiana , Reale Diego , Verde Simona , Fornaro Gianfranco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DsGSDs) are very slow slope instabilities that can have a long-term impact on anthropic structures and infrastructures. The characterization of their state of activity is, therefore, essential to evaluate it. By employing Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) techniques, a dedicated procedure, to explore the behavior and define the state of activity of 279 DsGSDs, inventoried in the regional landslide inventory of the Aosta Valley Region (Western Italian Alps), has been implemented. The proposed methodology consists of several steps. Firstly, Sentinel-1 data have been processed through a two-step, advanced, DInSAR processing scheme to detect and identify Persistent Scatterers (PSs). The velocity values measured along the radar Line of Sight (LOS) have been projected along the steepest slope. Subsequently, an analysis of PSs within DsGSD polygons, devoted to the assessment of Sentinel-1 data coverage, has been carried out; in particular, considering the PS abundance, computing voids in point distributions and assessing PS clustering to identify cases with adequate point number and distribution for a suitable definition of the state of activity. Finally, a spatial analysis based on cluster and outlier identification has been carried out to characterize the moving phenomena and their degree of variability in deformation rates. Overall, the implemented methodology provides a valid instrument to remotely define the state of activity of these huge phenomena, often wrongly underestimated or neglected in risk management, useful for a better definition of DsGSD impacts on anthropic elements for a proper land use planning.
Scaling of Flame Describing Functions in Premixed Swirling Flames
Authors: Kallifronas Dimitrios P. , Ahmed Pervez , Massey James C. , Talibi Midhat , Ducci Andrea , Balachandran Ramanarayanan , Swaminathan Nedunchezhian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPredicting the response of swirling flames subjected to acoustic perturbations poses significant challenges due to the complex nature of the flow. In this work, the effect of swirl number on the Flame Describing Function (FDF) is explored through a computational study of four bluff-body stabilised premixed flames with swirl numbers ranging between 0.44 and 0.97 and at forcing amplitudes of 7% and 25% of the mean bulk velocity. The LES model used for the simulations is validated by comparing two of those flames to experiments. The comparison is observed to be good with the computations capturing the unforced flow structure, flame height and FDF behaviour. It is found that changes in the swirl number can affect the location of the minima and maxima of the FDF gain in the frequency space. These locations are not affected by changes in the forcing amplitude, but the gain difference between the minima and the maxima is reduced as the forcing amplitude is increased. It is then attempted to scale the FDF using Strouhal numbers based on two different flame length scales. A length scale based on the axial height of the maximum heat release rate per unit length leads to a good collapse of the FDF gain curves. However, it is also observed that flow instabilities present in the flow can affect the FDF scaling leading to an imperfect collapse.
Suicidality Among Syrian Refugee Children in Jordan
Authors: Dehnel Rebecca , Dalky Heyam , Sudarsan Subashini , Al-Delaimy Wael K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHistory of adverse events in childhood is one of the strongest predictors of developing negative mental health outcomes with suicidality being the most devastating consequence. Syrian refugee children are at very high risk of developing mental illness, however, the prevalence and significance of suicidal thoughts among this population remains undocumented. A total of 339 Syrian refugee children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 years and their parents living in Jordan were surveyed to assess resilience, depression and suicidality. Demographics and parental depression were correlated with child suicidality. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the predictors of suicidality within this population. A total of 94 (27.7%) children reported suicidal statements. In the multivariate analyses we found that younger children were more likely to state suicidal ideation than older children. Of the children who stated suicidal ideation, 49 were in primary school, 19 in pre-secondary and 26 in upper-secondary school. In the multivariate analyses, mild (OR 2.633 (95% CI 1.283, 5.709)) and high (OR 6.987 (95% CI 3.532, 14.614)) depression levels among the surveyed children were predictive of suicidality. Experiencing bullying was also predictive of suicidality (OR 2.181 (95% CI 1.179, 4.035)) when compared to those who did not report any bullying. We report high rates of suicidal ideation among Syrian refugee children, especially in children with exposure to pre-existing depression or bullying. Prevention through raising awareness, education and early detection of depression are needed to address suicidality in this and other vulnerable populations of children.