bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growing old in the digital era: a qualitative study of internet use and outcomes among urban Indian older adults
Authors: Bansal Nidhi , Choudhary Heena 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This study acknowledges the existing digital divide in India, particularly for marginalised populations, and highlights the need for exceptional attention to address their unique needs, challenges and demands. Although previous research and policies have primarily focused on physical access and internet skills, this study shifts the focus to the outcomes of internet use. By understanding how older adults in marginalised communities incorporate the internet into their daily routines, this study aims to contribute to the development of an operational framework that charts the disadvantages of the digital divide.

Design/methodology/approach
The study draws from Helsper’s (2015) internet outcomes framework to identify the outcomes that older adults can derive from being online. By using a qualitative approach, the study seeks to understand how educational and economic backgrounds influence internet usage among older adults and how this can promote advantageous internet use.

Findings
The findings indicate that highly educated individuals are more likely to experience positive outcomes across various societal domains than their less educated counterparts. However, it was observed that the highly educated participants also try to limit the impact of internet use on their personal lives by intentionally disconnecting from the internet whenever possible.

Research limitations/implications
By offering programmes and interventions to encourage internet use and improve digital skills, as well as by enhancing digital accessibility and incentive systems, the government should go forward with its plan to close the outcomes gap in internet use among older adults. For policymakers, it turns the spotlight on creating an environment conducive to the digital inclusion of older adults, consistent with sociocultural structures.

Originality/value
This study contributes to understanding the nuanced dynamics of internet use among older adults, shedding light on the role of educational background and sociocultural factors in shaping internet outcomes. It highlights the need to consider qualitative approaches in digital inequality research to capture the complexities underlying the digital divide.
Monocarboxylate transporter 4 protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing oxidative phosphorylation/glycolysis interconversion and inhibiting oxidative stress
Authors: Pan Qiao , Xie Xiaobo , Yuan Qingxia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the primary cause of heart damage in the treatment of myocardial infarction, and the imbalance of the energy metabolism in the pathogenesis of myocardial I/R is one of the main triggers of cardiac dysfunction. Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) is a key transporter of lactate, which plays a vital role in cellular metabolism. The present study investigated the role and underlying mechanism of MCT4 in myocardial I/R injury. The results of this study showed that MCT4 was upregulated during oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) and restored after reoxygenation in cardiomyocytes HL‐1. Interestingly, the overexpression of MCT4 increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis of OGD/R‐induced HL‐1 cells. Furthermore, MCT4 boosted glucose uptake and lactate levels and promoted protein expression of glycolysis regulator LDHA, while also impeding oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) regulators C‐MYC and NDUFB8 in OGD/R‐induced HL‐1 cells. A reduction in reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde and superoxide dismutase was also observed within the OGD/R stimulated HL‐1 cells. Additionally, the in vivo exogenous application of MCT4 restored cardiac function, as demonstrated by the reduced infarct size and decreased myocardial apoptosis in I/R rats. OXPHOS and oxidative stress declined, while glycolysis was activated when the I/R mice were injected with AAV‐MCT4. Our findings indicate that MCT4 could exert a cardioprotective effect after myocardial I/R injury by inducing OXPHOS/glycolysis interconversion and inhibiting oxidative stress.
Sweet victory, bitter defeat: The amplifying effects of affective and perceived ideological polarization on the winner–loser gap in political support
Authors: JANSSEN L. (LISA) 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccepting defeat in the aftermath of elections is crucial for the stability of democracies. But in times of intense polarization, the voluntary consent of electoral losers seems less obvious. In this paper, I study whether affective and perceived ideological polarization amplify the winner–loser gap in political support. Using multilevel growth curve modelling on pre and post‐election panel data from the British Election Study Internet Panel collected during the 2015 and 2019 UK general elections, I show that the winner–loser gap is indeed more pronounced amongst voters with higher levels of affective and perceived ideological polarization. Moreover, the results illustrate that polarized voters experience a stark decrease in their support for the political system following their electoral loss. Given the high and, in some Western democracies, rising polarization levels, these findings have important implications for losers’ consent and the stability of democracies in election times.
Insect cell‐derived human CD200‐Fc increases zonula occludens‐1 tight junction protein in urothelial carcinoma cells
Authors: Lee Da Won , Lee Yong Seong , Lee Jeong Hwan , Chung Hyun Joo , Lee Chae Eun , Lim Jong Seok , Ko Kisung , Kim Jin Wook , Choi Joongwon , Myung Soon Chul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCD200 is a ligand that interacts with the CD200 receptor 1, with an anti‐inflammatory effect. CD200 inhibits the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) pathway, attenuating the inflammatory response and maintaining barrier function. In this study, human CD200 was fused with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) to generate the recombinant CD200‐Fc protein, produced in insect cells using the baculovirus expression vector system. The CD200‐Fc gene was cloned under the control of the polyhedrin promoter in the pFastBac‐1 vector of the baculovirus expression vector system. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the expression of CD200‐Fc in insect cells. The CD200‐Fc protein was successfully purified using protein A affinity chromatography. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that purified CD200‐Fc protein inhibited the proliferation of TCCSUP cells, a bladder epithelial cancer cell expressing CD200 receptor 1, at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ng/mL. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) and immunoblot analyses confirmed that the mRNA and protein levels of zonula occludens‐1, a tight junction protein for barrier protection in epithelial tissues, were increased in TCCSUP cells treated with insect cell‐derived CD200‐Fc. These results suggest that insect cell‐derived CD200‐Fc could alter zonula occludens‐1 expression in bladder epithelial cancer cells, enhancing the function of the cell barrier protein, which could inhibit cancer metastasis. Taken together, the baculovirus expression vector system can be applied to express antitumor therapeutic CD200‐Fc protein for the inhibition of bladder cancer.
The Jabal al‐Yamh and Ḥattā Valley survey (Emirate of Dubai, UAE): GIS tools applied to archaeological survey and research
Authors: Valente Tatiana , Fernández‐Sánchez Adrián , Contreras Fernando , Ali Bader Al , Karim Mansour , Zein Hassan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe survey of extensive and topographically irregular landscapes is not easy. Survey teams often must be creative to cover the largest area possible, in a short time, with limited budgets, without losing quality and effectiveness in their work. The use of techniques employing geographic information system (GIS) tools has tremendously improved the efficiency and quality of the surveys. Such techniques were employed in the Jabal al‐Yamh and Ḥattā Valley (Emirate of Dubai, UAE), and their methodology, implementation and effectiveness are discussed in this paper. The Jabal al‐Yamh Research Project, which began in 2018 to survey, excavate, restore and research the prehistoric tombs in the Jabal al‐Yamh and the surrounding Ḥattā Valley, thus used primarily GIS tools employing remote sensing and probabilistic analysis to identify a large number of tombs in this rugged topography, delimitating areas more likely to contain tombs. On the other hand, identifying tomb distribution and orientation patterns through GIS data queries also allowed us to answer several sociocultural questions posed during the development of this project. This paper will thus discuss two primary purposes of this project's survey: methods for identifying new tombs for further excavation and protection, on the one hand, and the interpretation of those same tombs' emplacement, attending to their distribution and orientation pattern, on the other, thus developing a theoretical and predictive model of the distribution of prehistoric tombs in the area.
A novel score for predicting 1‐year mortality of intensive care patients
Authors: Pietiläinen Laura , Hästbacka Johanna , Bäcklund Minna , Selander Tuomas , Reinikainen Matti 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to develop a simple scoring table for predicting probability of death within 1‐year after admission to an intensive care unit. We analysed data on emergency admissions from the nationwide Finnish intensive care quality registry.MethodsWe included first admissions of adult patients with data available on 1‐year vital status (dead or alive) and all five variables included in a premorbid functional status score, which is the number of activities the person can manage independently of the following five: get out of bed, move indoors, dress, climb stairs and walk 400 m. We analysed data on patient characteristics and admission‐associated factors from 2012 to 2014 to find predictors of 1‐year mortality and to develop a score for predicting probability of death. We tested the performance of this score in data from 2015. We assessed the 1‐year functional status score of survivors with data available.ResultsOut of 25,261 patients, 20,628 (81.7%) patients were able to perform all five functional activities independently prior to the intensive care unit admission. At 1‐year post admission, 19,625 (77.7%) patients were alive. 1‐year functional status score was known for 11,011 patients and 8970 (81.5%) patients achieved functional status score 5, managing all five activities independently. The score based on age, sex, preceding functional status, type of intensive care unit admission, severity of acute illness and the most significant diagnoses predicted 1‐year mortality with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.78 (95% CI, 0.76–0.79). The calibration of our prediction model was good, with calibration intercept −0.01 (−0.07 to 0.05) and calibration slope 0.96 (0.90 to 1.02).ConclusionOur score based on data available at intensive care unit admission predicted 1‐year mortality with fairly good discrimination. Most survivors achieved good functional recovery.
Population stratification correction using Bayesian shrinkage priors for genetic association studies
Authors: Liu Zilu , Turkmen Asuman S. , Lin Shili 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionPopulation stratification (PS) is a major source of confounding in population‐based genetic association studies of quantitative traits. Principal component regression (PCR) and linear mixed model (LMM) are two commonly used approaches to account for PS in association studies. Previous studies have shown that LMM can be interpreted as including all principal components (PCs) as random‐effect covariates. However, including all PCs in LMM may dilute the influence of relevant PCs in some scenarios, while including only a few preselected PCs in PCR may fail to fully capture the genetic diversity.Materials and methodsTo address these shortcomings, we introduce Bayestrat—a method to detect associated variants with PS correction under the Bayesian LASSO framework. To adjust for PS, Bayestrat accommodates a large number of PCs and utilizes appropriate shrinkage priors to shrink the effects of nonassociated PCs.ResultsSimulation results show that Bayestrat consistently controls type I error rates and achieves higher power compared to its non‐shrinkage counterparts, especially when the number of PCs included in the model is large. As a demonstration of the utility of Bayestrat, we apply it to the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Variants and genes associated with serum triglyceride or HDL cholesterol are identified in our analyses.DiscussionThe automatic and self‐selection features of Bayestrat make it particularly suited in situations with complex underlying PS scenarios, where it is unknown a priori which PCs are potential confounders, yet the number that needs to be considered could be large in order to fully account for PS.
Cultural loss and compensation in the anthropology of Aboriginal Australia
Authors: Martin Richard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCultural loss has been neglected in the study of Aboriginal Australia. This neglect reflects the impact of changes in Australian society involving the recognition and celebration of Indigenous culture. Yet new jurisprudence relating to compensation under Australian land rights legislation has refocused attention on cultural loss. This article draws on ethnography from North West Queensland's Gulf Country to examine how the concept of loss relates to change. Reflecting on the rise of the juridical notion of a “compensable act,” I ask, When does “loss” occur and to whom, and what solace may be found for cultural loss? I argue that these questions focus attention on the fraught relationship between Indigenous people, anthropology, and the law in Australia, while also offering an opportunity to reformulate those relations.
A Gibbs‐INLA algorithm for multidimensional graded response model analysis
Authors: Lin Xiaofan , Zhang Siliang , Tang Yincai , Li Xuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel Gibbs‐INLA algorithm for the Bayesian inference of graded response models with ordinal response based on multidimensional item response theory. With the combination of the Gibbs sampling and the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA), the new framework avoids the cumbersome tuning which is inevitable in classical Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, and has low computing memory, high computational efficiency with much fewer iterations, and still achieve higher estimation accuracy. Therefore, it has the ability to handle large amount of multidimensional response data with different item responses. Simulation studies are conducted to compare with the Metroplis‐Hastings Robbins‐Monro (MH‐RM) algorithm and an application to the study of the IPIP‐NEO personality inventory data is given to assess the performance of the new algorithm. Extensions of the proposed algorithm for application on more complicated models and different data types are also discussed.
Enhanced Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease surveillance in the older population: Assessment of a protocol for screening brain tissue donations for prion disease
Authors: Peden Alexander H. , Libori Adriana , Ritchie Diane L. , Yull Helen , Smith Colin , Kanguru Lovney , Molesworth Anna , Knight Richard , Barria Marcelo A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHuman prion diseases, including Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD), occur in sporadic, genetic, and acquired forms. Variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (vCJD) first reported in 1996 in the United Kingdom (UK), resulted from contamination of food with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. There is a concern that UK national surveillance mechanisms might miss some CJD cases (including vCJD), particularly in the older population where other neurodegenerative disorders are more prevalent. We developed a highly sensitive protocol for analysing autopsy brain tissue for the misfolded prion protein (PrPSc) associated with prion disease, which could be used to screen for prion disease in the elderly. Brain tissue samples from 331 donors to the Edinburgh Brain and Tissue Bank (EBTB), from 2005 to 2022, were analysed, using immunohistochemical analysis on fixed tissue, and five biochemical tests on frozen specimens from six brain regions, based on different principles for detecting PrPSc. An algorithm was established for classifying the biochemical results. To test the effectiveness of the protocol, several neuropathologically confirmed prion disease controls, including vCJD, were included and blinded in the study cohort. On unblinding, all the positive control cases had been correctly identified. No other cases tested positive; our analysis uncovered no overlooked prion disease cases. Our algorithm for classifying cases was effective for handling anomalous biochemical results. An overall analysis suggested that a reduced biochemical protocol employing only three of the five tests on only two brain tissue regions gave sufficient sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that this protocol may be useful as a UK‐wide screening programme for human prion disease in selected brains from autopsies in the elderly. Further improvements to the protocol were suggested by enhancements of the in vitro conversion assays made during the course of this study.
Dual role of autotaxin as novel biomarker and therapeutic target in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Toyohara Tadashi , Yoshida Michihiro , Miyabe Katsuyuki , Hayashi Kazuki , Naitoh Itaru , Kondo Hiromu , Hori Yasuki , Kato Akihisa , Kachi Kenta , Asano Go , Sahashi Hidenori , Adachi Akihisa , Kuno Kayoko , Kito Yusuke , Matsuo Yoichi , Kataoka Hiromi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs) are rare pancreatic neoplasms, and descriptions of treatment remain limited. Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted autocrine motility factor involved in the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a lipid mediator that promotes the progression of various cancers. The aim of this study was to clarify the importance of the ATX‐LPA axis in panNENs and to confirm its contribution to panNEN progression using clinical data, cell lines, and a mouse model. Serum ATX level was higher in patients with panNEN than in patients with other pancreatic diseases (chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [PDAC], intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, autoimmune pancreatitis) and healthy controls, and 61% of clinical specimens stained strongly for ATX. In a case we encountered, serum ATX level fluctuated with disease progression. An in vitro study showed higher ATX mRNA expression in panNEN cell lines than in PDAC cell lines. Cell proliferation and migration in panNEN cell lines were stimulated via the ATX‐LPA axis and suppressed by RNA interference or inhibitors. An in vivo study showed that intraperitoneal injection of GLPG1690, an ATX inhibitor, suppressed tumor progression in a xenograft model. These findings revealed that ATX expression is significantly elevated in panNEN and is related to the progression of panNEN. We showed the potential of ATX as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target.
Evolutionary response of cold‐adapted chasmophytic plants to Quaternary climatic oscillations in the Mountains of Central Asia (a world hotspot of biodiversity)
Authors: Nobis Marcin , Klichowska Ewelina , Vintsek Lizaveta , Wróbel Anna , Nobis Agnieszka , Zalewska‐Gałosz Joanna , Nowak Arkadiusz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimPast climatic oscillations are the main driving force of evolutionary changes in alpine species. Species' response to paleoclimatic oscillations is crucial in forecasting their future response in face of climate warming. The aim of this research is to explore the effect of climatic fluctuations on the evolutionary history, demography, and distribution of high‐mountain bellflowers (Campanula lehmannianacomplex), the flagship and taxonomically problematic members of chasmophytic vegetation within an underexplored biodiversity hotspot, the Mountains of Central Asia.LocationCentral Asia (Tian Shan, Alai and Zeravshan‐Hissar Mountains).MethodsWe used molecular data (ITS, cpDNA, DArTseq‐based SNPs) of 262 individuals (70 for the phylogeny reconstruction, and 247 from 31 localities for population studies). We analysed the data using phylogenetic and molecular clock reconstructions, coalescent simulations, and ecological niche modelling.ResultsTertiary isolation between the Tian‐Shanian and Pamir‐Alaian populations led to the differentiation of the two main lineages (~5–6 Mya) corresponding toC. eugeniaeandC. lehmanniana, whereas further Quaternary isolation into subregions led to intraspecific genetic differentiation, which starts almost simultaneously for both species (~2.7–1.5 Mya). The relatively small genetic admixture among populations indicates rare historic events of connectivity. In response to Holocene warming, the analysed species experienced a substantial decline in effective population size. Currently, the distribution of both taxa is highly influenced by precipitation in the coldest and driest quarters.Main ConclusionsOur results highlight a general principle that glacial–interglacial cycles and contemporary island‐like habitats distribution, shape the genomic variation of high‐mountain species. The similar declining demographic trend of examined taxa may suggest the overall response to ongoing climate warming. The results underline also the urgent need for conservation action in alpine regions to preserve their biodiversity.
CDKL5 deficiency disorder and other infantile‐onset genetic epilepsies
Authors: Daniels Carolyn , Greene Caitlin , Smith Lacey , Pestana‐Knight Elia , Demarest Scott , Zhang Bo , Benke Timothy A. , Poduri Annapurna , Olson Heather E. ,   CDKL5 Study Group
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo differentiate phenotypic features of individuals with CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) from those of individuals with other infantile‐onset epilepsies.MethodWe performed a retrospective cohort study and ascertained individuals with CDD and comparison individuals with infantile‐onset epilepsy who had epilepsy gene panel testing. We reviewed records, updated variant classifications, and compared phenotypic features. Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests and χ2 or Fisher's exact tests were performed for between‐cohort comparisons.ResultsWe identified 137 individuals with CDD (110 females, 80.3%; median age at last follow‐up 3 year 11 months) and 313 individuals with infantile‐onset epilepsies (156 females, 49.8%; median age at last follow‐up 5 years 2 months; 35% with genetic diagnosis). Features reported significantly more frequently in the CDD group than in the comparison cohort included developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (81% vs 66%), treatment‐resistant epilepsy (95% vs 71%), sequential seizures (46% vs 6%), epileptic spasms (66% vs 42%, with hypsarrhythmia in 30% vs 48%), regression (52% vs 29%), evolution to Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (23% vs 5%), diffuse hypotonia (72% vs 36%), stereotypies (69% vs 11%), paroxysmal movement disorders (29% vs 17%), cerebral visual impairment (94% vs 28%), and failure to thrive (38% vs 22%).InterpretationCDD, compared with other suspected or confirmed genetic epilepsies presenting in the first year of life, is more often characterized by a combination of treatment‐resistant epilepsy, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, sequential seizures, spasms without hypsarrhythmia, diffuse hypotonia, paroxysmal movement disorders, cerebral visual impairment, and failure to thrive. Defining core phenotypic characteristics will improve precision diagnosis and treatment.