bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Numerical Simulation of a Turbulent Boundary Layer Encountering a Smooth-to-Rough Step Change
Authors: Ismail Umair 
Published: February 2023

Using a direct numerical simulation (DNS), we investigate the onset of non-equilibrium effects and the subsequent emergence of a self-preserving state as a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) encounters a smooth-to-rough (STR) step change. The rough surface comprises over 2500 staggered cuboid-shaped elements where the first row is placed at 50 θ0 from the inflow. A Reθ=4500 value is attained along with δk≈35 as the TBL develops. While different flow parameters adjust at dissimilar rates that further depend on the vertical distance from the surface and perhaps on δSTR/k, an equilibrium for wall stress, mean velocity, and Reynolds stresses exists across the entire TBL by 35 δSTR after the step change. First-order statistics inside the inner layer adapt much earlier, i.e., at 10–15 δSTR after the step change. Like rough-to-smooth (RTS) scenarios, an equilibrium layer develops from the surface. Unlike RTS transitions, a nascent logarithmic layer is identifiable much earlier, at 4 δSTR after the step change. The notion of equivalent sandgrain roughness does not apply upstream of this fetch because non-equilibrium advection effects permeate into the inner layer. The emergent equilibrium TBL is categorized by a fully rough state (ks+≈120–130; ks/k≈2.8). Decomposition of wall stress into constituent parts reveals no streamwise dependence. Mean velocity in the outer layer is well approximated by Coles’ wake law. The wake parameter and shape factor are enhanced above their smooth-wall counterparts. Quadrant analysis shows that shear-stress-producing motions adjust promptly to the roughness, and the balance between ejections and sweeps in the outer layer remains impervious to the underlying surface.
Enhancement of Anticancer, Antibacterial, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activities from Oscillatoria sancta under Starvation Conditions
Authors: Touliabah Hussein E. , Refaay Dina A. 
Published: February 2023

The growth response and biological activity of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sancta were investigated in starvation conditions. Oscillatoria sancta growth potential was examined on BG11 and Zarrouk’s media. Zarrouk’s medium supported the maximum growth of the test cyanobacterium. Zarrouk’s medium composition was modified by excluding CaCl2·2H2O, NaCl, EDTA (Na), micronutrients, and replacing sodium nitrate with urea. Using Zarrouk’s medium and three different concentrations of modified Zarrouk’s media (Treatments 1–3), the growth response of Oscillatoria sancta (MZ366482) was examined and compared. Zarrouk’s medium and modified Zarrouk’s medium at 12.5% nutrient concentration had non-significant differences in both the dry weight biomass and total protein of Oscillatoria sancta. Oscillatoria sancta crude biomass extracts grown on Zarrouk’s and modified Zarrouk’s media (T3) inhibited human breast cancer, pathogenic bacteria, and acetylcholinesterase activity. Oscillatoria sancta grown on T3 showed the most potency against MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 of 165.2 µg mL−1, antibacterial activity only against Bacillus cereus (17.2 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (15.3 mm), and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity by 60.7%. Thus, it is advisable to use the 12.5% nutrient concentration of modified Zarrouk’s medium as a reduced-cost medium for mass cultivation of Oscillatoria sancta with potential anticancer, antibacterial diseases, and anti-Alzheimer purposes.
Primary care staff’s views and experience of patients’ online access to their electronic health record: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Davidge Gail , Brown Lindsey , Lyons Moira , Blease Charlotte , French David , van Staa Tjeerd , McMillan Brian 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundNHS England have announced plans to enable all adult patients to have full prospective access to their primary care record by default. Despite this, little is known about the views and experiences of primary care staff regarding patients’ online records access (ORA).AimTo examine the views and experiences of primary care staff regarding patients having online access to their primary care health record, and how this service could be supported and improved.Design and settingA qualitative study of a purposive sample of 30 primary care staff in England.MethodOnline semi-structured interviews with primary care staff were conducted between December 2021 and March 2022. Verbatim transcripts were analysed inductively using thematic analysis.ResultsMost staff agreed with the principle of patient access to online health records but had mixed feelings regarding the potential benefits and drawbacks of applying this in practice. Staff identified opportunities for improving patient engagement, health literacy, and efficiencies in some administrative workloads, as well as concerns about maintaining the clinical integrity of patient records and ensuring that staff and patient safety and wellbeing are protected.ConclusionParticipants acknowledged that ORA may transform the purpose and function of the record and that ORA has potential to instigate a significant cultural shift in primary care, changing how staff work and relate to patients. This underlines the need for additional staff training and support to expand capability and capacity to adapt practice and enhance patient engagement with, and understanding of, their health records.
A Process Evaluation of the National Implementation of a Bundle for Central Venous Catheter Care for Hemodialysis
Authors: Craswell Alison , Massey Debbie , Sriram Deepa , Wallis Marianne , Polkinghorne Kevan , Talaulikar Girish , Cass Alan , Gallagher Martin , Gray Nicholas , Kotwal Sradha ,   on behalf of the REDUCCTION investigators
Published: February 2023

Key Points

Health professionals resisted practice change in environments of low infection where the perception of a need to change is small.Standardizing care of central venous catheters for hemodialysis requires breaking down silos of practice to benefit all patients.Knowledge of and adherence to guidelines, formal change management, and ongoing facilitation are required to implement standardized care.

Background
Implementation of a care bundle standardizing insertion, management, and removal practices to reduce infection related to central venous catheters (CVCs) used for hemodialysis was evaluated in a stepped wedge, cluster randomized controlled trial conducted at 37 Australian hospitals providing kidney services, with no reduction in catheter-related blood stream infection detected. This process evaluation explored the barriers, enablers, and unintended consequences of the implementation to explain the trial outcomes.

Methods
Qualitative process evaluation using pre-post semistructured interviews with 38 (19 nursing and 19 medical) and 44 (25 nursing and 19 medical) Australian health professionals involved in hemodialysis CVC management. Analysis was guided by the process implementation domain of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results
Key influences on bundle uptake were that clinicians were open to change that was evidence-based and driven by guidelines and had a desire to improve practice and patient outcomes. However, resistance to change in environments of low infection, working in silos of practice, and a need for individualized delivery of patient education created barriers to uptake. Unintended effects of increased costs and lack of interoperability of systems for data collection were reported. Because the trial was in progress at the time of qualitative data collection, perceptions of the bundle may have been influenced by the fact that practices of participants were being observed as a part of the trial.

Conclusion
This national process evaluation revealed that health professionals who reported experiencing a benefit viewed the bundle positively. Those who already provided most of the recommended care or perceived that their patient population was not included in the research evidence that underpinned the interventions, resisted the implementation of the bundle. Potentially, formal change management processes using facilitation may improve implementation of evidence-based practice.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616000830493.
Analisis Materi Aritmetika Sosial Menggunakan Konteks Literasi Finansial
Authors: Pakpahan Theresia Feby , Retta Allen Marga , Nopriyanti Tika Dwi 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis materi aritmetika sosial menggunakan konteks literasi finansial. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Lubuk Besar. Data dikumpulkan dengan memadukan hasil tes belajar peserta didik dan wawancara. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mendukung hasil tes yang telah diperoleh dan dikaitkan dengan pembelajaran pada materi aritmetika sosial menggunakan konteks literasi finansial. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu: 1) reduksi data; 2) penyajian data; 3) penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) materi aritmetika menggunakan konteks literasi finansial mempengaruhi hasil tes belajar; 2) materi aritmetika sosial menggunakan konteks literasi finansial mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan peserta didik; 3) jumlah peserta didik dengan pengambilan keputusan yang baik lebih banyak dari jumlah peserta didik dengan pengambilan keputusan yang kurang baik.
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika Bertipe HOTS Berdasarkan Teori Newman
Authors: Febryana Eka , Sudiana Ria , Pamungkas Aan Subhan 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika bertipe high order thinking skills (HOTS) berdasarkan Newman. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 1 Majasari Kabupaten Pandeglang dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 21 siswa yang kemudian akan dipilih sebanyak 6 siswa untuk diwawancarai. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu instrumen tes berupa soal matematika bertipe HOTS dengan materi Persamaan Garis Lurus sebanyak 3 butir soal serta pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian memperoleh informasi bahwa kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa pada saat mengerjakan soal matematika bertipe high order thinking skills (HOTS) dengan materi Persamaan Garis Lurus dibagi kedalam lima jenis kategori kesalahan yaitu reading error (kesalahan dalam membaca masalah) sebesar 3,6%, comprehension error (kesalahan dalam memahami masalah yang diberikan) sebesar 28,8, transformation error (kesalahan dalam transformasi masalah) sebesar 11,2%, processing skill error (kesalahan dalam keterampilan proses) 31,6, serta encoding error (kesalahan pengkodean atau kesalahan penarikan kesimpulan)24,8%.
Experimental evaluation of effects of absorption layer on parametric ultrasound
Authors: Nomura Hideyuki , Imaizumi Takuma 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of absorption attenuation on parametric ultrasound (US) for application to low-frequency (LF) US measurement and imaging. The effects of an absorption layer on the sound field and pulsed wave of parametric US at several hundred kilohertz in water were experimentally evaluated via a comparison with LF US directly radiated from a transmitter. The results indicate that the variations of the shape and amplitude of the parametric US field and waveform due to the insertion of an absorber were more significant than those for LF US at the same frequency. However, these effects can be mitigated when an absorber is inserted at a far distance from a transmitter. These results suggest that for the application of parametric US in measurement and imaging, a low-absorption medium must be inserted between a transmitter and absorbing material to be evaluated in order to grow secondary waves sufficiently.
Measurement of vibration transmitted through welded object and welding strength in ultrasonic welding
Authors: Yabe Kohei , Kasai Akitoshi , Miyata Masaru , Kawano Taro , Aoyagi Manabu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ultrasonic welding of plastics has been used in a wide range of industries and improving welding quality and production speed are still important issues. This paper introduces a method to evaluate the welding condition during welding. In this method, vibrations propagated during welding were acquired using a piezoelectric element. By fast fourier transform analysis, tracking analysis, and calculation of the data, the total harmonic distortion with the welding time was obtained. The welding condition can be determined by comparing the welding strength against the welding time obtained from the 180° peeling test. As a result, it was found that the propagated vibration has characteristics that indicate the completion of welding, making it possible to efficiently evaluate the quality of the weld.
Universal quantum computer based on carbon nanotube rotators
Authors: Ezawa Motohiko , Yasunaga Shun , Iizuka Tetsuya , Higo Akio , Mita Yoshio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We propose a universal quantum computer based on a chain of carbon nanotube rotators where one metallic plate is attached to each rotator. The dynamical variable is the rotational angle ϕ. The attached plate connected to ground electrostatically interacts with two fixed plates. Two angle positions ϕ = 0, π are made stable by applying a voltage difference between the attached plate and the two fixed plates. We assign ϕ = 0 and π to the qubit states ∣0〉 and ∣1〉. Then, considering a chain of rotators, we construct the arbitrary phase-shift gate, the NOT gate and the Ising gate, which constitute a set of universal quantum gates. They are executed by controlling the voltage between various plates.
Mixed-mode RF reflectometry of quantum dots for reduction of crosstalk effects
Authors: Machida Masato , Mizokuchi Raisei , Yoneda Jun , Tomura Takashi , Kodera Tetsuo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
RF reflectometry is a promising technique for spin qubit readout, suitable for large-scale integrated qubit systems by combination with multiplexing techniques and gate-based readout. However, one of the challenges in such systems would be that the accuracy of RF readout of individual qubits can be degraded by crosstalk among dense RF readout lines. In this study, we propose a mixed-mode RF reflectometry to reduce the effect of the crosstalk and verify its effectiveness by electromagnetic field simulations. The results of the simulations show the possibility of suppressing the influence of crosstalk by using mixed modes.
Impact of Correlated Noise on the Mass Precision of Earth-analog Planets in Radial Velocity Surveys
Authors: Luhn Jacob K. , Ford Eric B. , Guo Zhao , Gilbertson Christian , Newman Patrick , Plavchan Peter , Burt Jennifer A. , Teske Johanna , Gupta Arvind F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Characterizing the masses and orbits of near-Earth-mass planets is crucial for interpreting observations from future direct imaging missions (e.g., HabEx, LUVOIR). Therefore, the Exoplanet Science Strategy report recommended further research so future extremely precise radial velocity surveys could contribute to the discovery and/or characterization of near-Earth-mass planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars prior to the launch of these future imaging missions. Newman et al. (2023) simulated such 10 yr surveys under various telescope architectures, demonstrating they can precisely measure the masses of potentially habitable Earth-mass planets in the absence of stellar variability. Here, we investigate the effect of stellar variability on the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the planet mass measurements in these simulations. We find that correlated noise due to active regions has the largest effect on the observed mass S/N, reducing the S/N by a factor of ∼5.5 relative to the no-variability scenario; granulation reduces by a factor of ∼3, while p-mode oscillations has little impact on the proposed survey strategies. We show that in the presence of correlated noise, 5 cm s−1 instrumental precision offers little improvement over 10 cm s−1 precision, highlighting the need to mitigate astrophysical variability. With our noise models, extending the survey to 15 yr doubles the number of Earth-analogs with mass S/N > 10, and reaching this threshold for any Earth-analog orbiting a star >0.76 M
⊙ in a 10 yr survey would require an increase in the number of observations per star from that in Newman et al. (2023).
Untangling the Sources of Abundance Dispersion in Low-metallicity Stars
Authors: Griffith Emily J. , Johnson Jennifer A. , Weinberg David H. , Ilyin Ilya , Johnson James W. , Rodriguez-Martinez Romy , Strassmeier Klaus G. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We measure abundances of 12 elements (Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) in a sample of 86 metal-poor (−2 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ −1) subgiant stars in the solar neighborhood. Abundances are derived from high-resolution spectra taken with the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument on the Large Binocular Telescope, modeled using iSpec and MOOG. By carefully quantifying the impact of photon-noise (<0.05 dex for all elements), we robustly measure the intrinsic scatter of abundance ratios. At fixed [Fe/H], the rms intrinsic scatter in [X/Fe] ranges from 0.04 (Cr) to 0.16 dex (Na), with a median of 0.08 dex. Scatter in [X/Mg] is similar, and accounting for [α/Fe] only reduces the overall scatter moderately. We consider several possible origins of the intrinsic scatter with particular attention to fluctuations in the relative enrichment by core-collapse supernovae (CCSN) and Type Ia supernovae and stochastic sampling of the CCSN progenitor mass distribution. The stochastic sampling scenario provides a good quantitative explanation of our data if the effective number of CCSN contributing to the enrichment of a typical sample star is N ∼ 50. At the median metallicity of our sample, this interpretation implies that the CCSN ejecta are mixed over a gas mass ∼6 × 104
M
⊙ before forming stars. The scatter of elemental abundance ratios is a powerful diagnostic test for simulations of star formation, feedback, and gas mixing in the early phases of the Galaxy.
Evolving Morphology of Resolved Stellar Einstein Rings
Authors: Turyshev Slava G. , Toth Viktor T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We consider strong gravitational lensing by nearby stars. Using our wave-optical treatment of lensing phenomena, we study Einstein rings that may form around nearby stellar lenses. It is remarkable that these rings are bright and large enough to be detected and resolved by existing instruments. Such lensing events have durations of hours or days, with peak light amplification lasting for several minutes. Many such events may be predicted using the Gaia astrometric catalog. Serendipitous discoveries are also possible. Fortuitous alignments can be used to confirm or discover and study exoplanets. For lenses that have dense stellar regions in their background, these events may occur several time a year, warranting their continuous or recurrent monitoring. Resolved imaging and spectroscopy of the evolving morphology of an Einstein ring offers knowledge about both the lens and the source. The angular size of the Einstein ring amounts to a direct measurement of the lens mass. The changing orientation of the major and minor images of the source offers astrometric information related to the mutual orientation of the objects. The event duration, when the full ring is present, helps to determine the source’s size. The sky position of planetary lensing events constrains the planet’s orbit. Spectroscopy of the ring allows for direct investigations of the source. The frequency and predictability of these events and the wealth of information that can be obtained by imaging motivate observational campaigns using existing facilities and/or construction of new instruments dedicated to the search and study of Einstein rings that are forming around nearby stars. As a specific example, we consider a predicted 2028 lensing of a red giant by α Centauri A and discuss the relevant science campaign.
Modeling CO Line Profiles in Shocks of W28 and IC 443
Authors: Fuda Nguyen , Tram Le Ngoc , Reach William T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Molecular emission arising from the interactions of supernova remnant (SNR) shock waves and molecular clouds provide a tool for studying the dispersion and compression that might kick-start star formation as well as understanding cosmic-ray production. Purely rotational CO emission created by magnetohydrodynamic shock in the SNR–molecular cloud interaction is an effective shock tracer, particularly for slow-moving, continuous shocks into cold inner clumps of the molecular cloud. In this work, we present a new theoretical radiative transfer framework for predicting the line profile of CO with the Paris–Durham 1D shock model. We generated line profile predictions for CO emission produced by slow, magnetized C shocks into gas of density ∼104 cm−3 with shock speeds of 35 and 50 km s−1. The numerical framework to reproduce the CO line profile utilizes the large velocity gradient (LVG) approximation and the omission of optically thick plane-parallel slabs. With this framework, we generated predictions for various CO spectroscopic observations up to J = 16 in SNRs W28 and IC 443, obtained with SOFIA, IRAM-30 m, APEX, and KPNO. We found that CO line profile prediction offers constraints on the shock velocity and pre-shock density independent of the absolute line brightness and requires fewer CO lines than diagnostics using a rotational excitation diagram.
Lithium Abundances in Giants as a Function of Stellar Mass: Evidence for He Flash as the Source of Li Enhancement in Low-mass Giants
Authors: Mallick Anohita , Singh Raghubar , Reddy Bacham E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this work, we studied the distribution of lithium abundances in giants as a function of stellar mass. We used a sample of 1240 giants common among Kepler photometric and LAMOST medium-resolution (R ≈ 7500) spectroscopic survey fields. The asteroseismic ΔP–Δν diagram is used to define core He-burning red clump giants and red giant branch stars with an inert He core. Li abundances have been derived using spectral synthesis for all sample stars. Directly measured values of asteroseismic parameters ΔP (or ΔΠ1) and Δν are either taken from the literature or measured in this study. Of the 777 identified red clump giants, we found 668 low-mass (≤2 M
⊙) primary red clump giants and 109 high-mass (>2 M
⊙) secondary red clump giants. Observed Li abundances in secondary red clump giants agree with the theoretical model predictions. The lack of Li-rich giants among secondary red clump giants and the presence of Li-rich, including super Li-rich, giants among primary red clump stars reinforces the idea that helium flash holds the key for Li enrichment among low-mass giants. The results will further constrain theoretical models searching for a physical mechanism for Li enhancement among low-mass red clump giants. Results also serve as observational evidence that only giants with mass less than ≈2 M
⊙ develop a degenerate He core and undergo He flash.