bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on paper participation in national ophthalmology meetings
Authors: TOPRAK İbrahim , KILIC Deniz 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on paper participation in national ophthalmology meetings held by the Turkish Ophthalmology Association (TOA).
Materials and methods: The data for the previous national ophthalmology meetings held by the TOA were gathered retrospectively from the TOA website. The COVID-19 pandemic-related online sessions and meetings with a scheduled in-person follow-up were taken into consideration. The number of poster and oral presentations and subject areas of the papers were recorded.
Results: The total number of poster and oral presentations in online meetings was 1505, while it was 1294 in face-to-face meetings (a 14.0% difference). Regarding poster presentations, a total of 1001 posters were presented in online meetings, whereas number of poster presentations was 865 in face-to-face meetings. Similarly, in online meetings, the number of oral presentations was 504, while it was 429 in face-to-face meetings. This finding demonstrated both poster and oral presentation participation was higher by 13.5% and 14.8% (respectively) in online meetings than in the face-to-face meetings.
Conclusion: It appears that national ophthalmology meetings held online during the COVID-19 pandemic had a favorable impact on the paper submission rate, and online meetings made sure that scientific sharing and collaboration continued and made it accessible to wider populations.
Tergerusnya Tradisi Marsialap Ari Dalam Masyarakat Tapanuli Bagian Selatan
Authors: Zulfiqar Effan , Pasaribu Safran Efendi 
Published: August 2023

Marsilap ari sebagai salah satu bentuk tradisi masyarakat di wilayah Tapanuli Bagian Selatan yang telah dipraktikan berabad-abad ternyata dalam 40 tahun terakhir sudah tergerus dalam kehidupan masyarakat terutama di perdesaan. Artikel ini mencoba melihat apa saja yang menjadi factor penyebab tergerusnya kearifan lokal marsialap ari. Dengan pendekatan studi pustaka, diketahui penyebab tergerusnya tradisi marsialap ari tersebut, diantaranya menguatnya nilai-nilai individualistik, pragmatis dan materialistik di tegah-tengah masyarakat. Termasuk kehadiran mesin-mesin pertanian juga telah mengambil alih semua yang dikerjakan dengan marsialap ari selama ini sejak tahap pembersihan sawah sampai panen. Di samping tradisi marsialap ari tidak lagi tersosialisasi dengan baik kepada kaum muda di desa sebagai betuk tradisi lokal yang harus dipertahankan keberadaannya. Sementara para kaum tua sudah tidak mampu lagi bekerja di sawah/kebun dengan marsialap ari. Hal-hal tersebutlah yang menjadi penyebab mengapa tradisi ini dalam 40 tahun terkhir semakin tergerus dalam kehiduoan sosial masyarakat di wilayah Tapanuli Bagian Selatan
Open surgical ligation of a thoracic spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula causing thoracic myelopathy: illustrative case
Authors: Laing Brandon R. W. , Best Benjamin , Nerva John D. , Vedantam Aditya 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (eAVFs) are rare spinal vascular malformations characterized by an abnormal connection from the paraspinal and paravertebral system to the epidural venous plexus. This contrasts with the more frequently seen spinal dural AVF, where the fistula is entirely intradural. Although endovascular repair is commonly performed for spinal eAVF, few cases require open surgical ligation.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors present a case of a 74-year-old male with progressive thoracic myelopathy secondary to a spinal eAVF. Thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed intramedullary T2 signal hyperintensity from T8 to T12. Spinal angiography revealed a primary arterial supply from the right T11 segmental artery and minor supply from the left T11 branches with drainage into the ventral epidural space. The patient underwent T11–12 laminectomy and complete right T11–12 facetectomy for ligation of the fistula with T11–L1 fusion. A postoperative spinal angiogram showed resolution of the fistula. Postoperatively, the patient’s myelopathy improved, and MRI showed a decrease in T2 cord intensity.

LESSONS
Spinal eAVFs are rare lesions that differ from the more commonly seen intradural dural AVF in that the abnormal connection is in the epidural space, and they are often associated with a dilated epidural venous pouch. Treatment involves endovascular, open surgical, or combined approaches.
Analisis Hubungan Kerjasama Bilateral Australia dan Fiji Dalam Bidang Keamanan Periode 2014-2019
Authors: Syarif Siti Dhea Meutia 
Published: August 2023

This research will try to analyze the bilateral relations between Australia and Fiji in the security sector for the 2014-2019 period. In this study, the researcher will explain the background of Australia and Fiji's cooperation in the field of security. In addition, the researcher also explained the dynamics that occurred in the relations between the two countries and the challenges of their relationship in the future. This study uses foreign policy theory with the concept of national importance to understand the reasons Australia and Fiji work together in the security sector.

Penelitian ini akan mencoba untuk menganalisis hubungan kerjasama bilateral Australia dan Fiji dalam bidang keamanan periode 2014-2019. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti akan menjelaskan tentang latar belakang kerjasama Australia dan Fiji dalam bidang keamanan. Selain itu, peneliti juga memaparkan tentang dinamika yang terjadi dalam hubungan kedua negara dan tantangan yang akan dihadapi keduanya di masa depan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kebijakan luar negeri dengan konsep kepentingan nasional untuk memahami alasan Australia dan Fiji bekerja sama dalam bidang keamanan.
Study on the Perception of Knowledge of Nutrition like Protein
Authors: Pratima Dagar  , V.K Sharma  
Published: August 2023

Nutrition refers to the process through which an organism takes in and uses food to meet its metabolic requirements. The main aim of the study is Study on The Perception of Knowledge of Nutrition Like Protein. The five-motor ability test was used to evaluate the research population's fitness, and their nutritional condition was determined before the questionnaire was given out. Understanding the importance of diet in improving athletic performance is crucial. An athlete's performance in a competition may be affected by a wide variety of circumstances, each of which may have its own root cause.
Keywords: Nutrition, Knowledge, Athletes, Performance, Metabolic
Legal regime of business partnership property (considering international experience)
Authors: Artemenko R. M. 
Published: August 2023

The article concludes that property as a special object is a separate thing, a set of things, as well as property rights and obligations. This understanding, despite the existence of certain terminological differences, coincides with its general understanding in the system of legal knowledge of certain countries of the Romano-Germanic legal family, in particular, countries with a pact system of law, and corresponds to the content of Article 1 of Protocol 1 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In the legal literature, it includes any economic benefits, objects of both the material and intangible world, which are in the state of appropriation of a person. At the same time, the word “property”, as used in Article 1 of Protocol 1 to the Convention, refers to an object of economic value. In this sense, property is an economic category and synonymous with the economic concept of “ownership”. This is also indicated by the use of such concepts as “assets”, “funds”, “profit”, “goodwill”, “accumulated intangible assets of the enterprise”, “property of economic value” in the ECHR judgments to describe the category of property.
From the legal point of view, it is justified that only things, collections of things, and animals are considered by the legislation and doctrine of the countries of the continental legal system as objects of property rights or other property rights. They are the only ones empowered with a legal regime of things. Such types of benefits as property rights (legal claims) and obligations cannot be owned by a person on the basis of property rights. They may have the legal regime of objects of intellectual property relations, obligations, corporate relations, but not ownership or other property rights.
It has been established that property rights are not the only means of securing the assets of business entities. They may also be owned by the latter on the basis of other rights (e.g., obligatory rights). It has been proved that in this case, a business company is not an owner, but, for example, a lessee (tenant), a user under a loan agreement, a mortgage agreement as a mortgagor, etc.
Abuse of authority as a ground for liability of bodies and persons performing the functions of business entities
Authors: Zhornokui V. H. 
Published: August 2023

The current state of legal doctrine and court practice on the issues of authority abuse as a ground for liability of bodies and persons performing the functions of business entities has been analysed. Since a business entity forms its own will and implements it through its bodies and persons performing the functions of its agencies, the relevant persons must adhere to the powers defined by law and the charter. If they act beyond their own powers, the will of such a legal entity is distorted and their own will, the will of individuals, takes place.
The practice of bringing to justice members of bodies and persons performing the functions of business entities has now been established where such a legal entity is held administratively liable for an administrative offence committed by its authorised person. An example of this is cases involving liability for violations of the requirements of the legislation on the provision and disclosure of information in financial services markets.
In general, it should be taken into account that the performance of a specific individual on behalf of a business entity in civil turnover does not change the independent nature of the will, behaviour and responsibility of such a legal entity for its actions in civil relations. It has been argued that, based on the general tenets of civil law, abuse of authority as a ground for liability of bodies and persons performing the functions of business entities has its own specifics of application. This is due not only to the actions (inaction) of such persons, but also to the counterparty’s (third party’s) awareness of the fact that the representatives of such a company act within the scope of their powers.
It has been proved that the fact that a body and/or a person performing the functions of a business entity’s body committed unlawful, unfair actions or abused its authority is not the only and sufficient ground for invalidating transactions (agreements) concluded by this body on behalf of a legal entity with third parties. There is a need to prove that the counterparty knew (should have known) that the authority to represent the rights and interests of the business entity was limited by its body or a person performing the functions of such a body.
Legal standpoint: general legal characteristics
Authors: Lazariev V. V. 
Published: August 2023

The research focuses on the fact that today the concept of “legal standpoint” is quite popular both in legal theory and practice, and is generally recognised in the national science, but there are different approaches to its understanding in the legal literature. An integrated analysis of the approaches to understanding the essence of this category has been conducted, and it has been established that modern scientific doctrine considers legal standpoint from different approaches: as part of legal culture and legal consciousness; as certain concepts, ideas; as part of an act or its conclusions. It has been noted that such approaches complicate the understanding of the very essence of a legal standpoint at the doctrinal level, and this may lead to contradictions in the implementation of legal provisions. That is why this term should be used in compliance with the rules of formal certainty.
In order to clarify the legal nature of the term “legal standpoint”, it has been identified its main characteristics. It has been pointed out that the most important feature of a legal standpoint, its heart, is its main idea. An opinion that legal standpoint is a concept of the general theory of law has been supported. In this regard, the author provides an argument that legal standpoint is undoubtedly a product of mental activity, primarily of a professional. The concept is based on a principle, an idea, which is the basis for a proposal (version, hypothesis, recommendation, etc.) that provides a solution to any legal problem.
It has been stated that the nature of legal standpoint is formed by pragmatism, a person's attitude to real things, which is noted by almost all researchers. When mastering a legal standpoint, certain philosophical approaches should be taken as a basis. In any case, it has been proposed to understand a legal standpoint as an assessment of factual reality and a system of arguments, conclusions and proposals for its legal regulation. This is a kind of logical and legal construction that expresses the attitude to law, legal regulation and its norms. Therefore, it has been established that a legal standpoint is a philosophical and legal category which includes a person’s mental activity, on the basis of which a certain proposal is built, which is used to ensure the resolution of any legal issue.
Agreement on the termination of obligation by transferring indemnity: content and special features
Authors: Rasskazova V. V. 
Published: August 2023

In order to ensure stable law enforcement, it is important to have a correct interpretation of the functions of the institution of indemnity and unified approaches to the implementation of the mechanism for concluding and executing an agreement on the transfer of indemnity. The legal nature of the transfer of indemnity, its special properties and significance in the construction of termination of an obligation by indemnity have been investigated. It has been emphasized that the function of the indemnity agreement is to record the parties’ agreement to terminate the principal obligation in this way, as well as explained the peculiarity of the indemnity agreement as a combination of the features of the law-establishing and law-terminating legal fact, since the agreement both gives rise to additional rights and obligations for the parties and serves to terminate the original obligation as a result of its execution i.e. transfer of the indemnity by the debtor to the creditor.
It has been suggested that it is the content of the agreement between the creditor and the debtor on the transfer of the indemnity, which is concluded in compliance with the requirements of current legislation, that allows distinguishing the indemnity from related institutions of law of obligations, and determining the nature of legal relations between the parties in case of disputes. For example, debt forgiveness is a law-terminating legal fact presented in the form of a transaction that does not create an obligation between the creditor and the debtor, and novation, unlike indemnity, does not provide for the termination of the binding relationship between the parties, but rather the preservation of such a relationship in a modified form.
Attention has also been drawn to the inadmissibility of entering into an agreement on indemnity by third parties who are not parties to the original obligation. Thus, the mechanism of termination of an obligation by indemnity is based solely on the will of the parties and their mutual agreement on all essential terms of indemnity transfer, which excludes any form of participation of a third party in the decision to terminate the obligation between the creditor and the debtor in this way.
Objectives of military personnel financial and legal protection under martial law
Authors: Kret Yu. M. 
Published: August 2023

The article examines the issues of financial and legal protection of servicemen as a direction of the State's financial activity under martial law. It has been determined that the financial and legal protection of servicemen is aimed at material support of the entire range of measures on social policy of the State at the expense of budgetary funds. It has been proved that the allocation and use of budget expenditures in 2023 are conditioned by the martial law in which the country is, and have a temporary content, but cover a significant amount of funds, which affected the State's ability to perform its social function.
The problem of financial and legal protection is related to the problem of financing special social rights of servicemen, and its implementation depends, firstly, on the distribution and volume of State budget expenditures, secondly, on the improvement of the social protection system, which is inherent in ensuring the implementation of the social function of the State, and thirdly, on the distribution of budget funds, the administrator of which is the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, the available amount of which is a result of the distribution of State expenditures. At the second and third stages of the budget process, the legal basis for the allocation and use of budget funds is established, in particular for the financing of social rights, the realisation of which depends on the amount of expenditures and the impact of various political, economic and other factors.
To conclude, we note that budget expenditures for the social sphere in general and for the financing of special social rights of military personnel in particular, as well as for other categories of citizens, need to be regulated at the stages of drafting, reviewing and adopting the budget law. The implementation of measures on financial and legal protection of servicemen depends on the fulfilment of the state's tasks on the distribution and use of budget expenditures for financing benefits, guarantees and compensations for servicemen and is ensured, firstly, by financing social standards and state social guarantees, and secondly, by financing special social rights of servicemen.
Tax evasion: initiation of pre-trial investigation, primary actions, main directions of the pre-trial investigation body’s work
Authors: Hryhorashchenko O. V. 
Published: August 2023

The article focuses on the problems of legal regulation and peculiarities of pre-trial investigation of tax evasion cases. It analyses scientific works whose authors have studied the peculiarities of theoretical and practical aspects of tax relations, in particular in the area of tax law violations related to tax evasion. The author's own definition of tax features has been formulated. It has been established that the main ways of tax evasion are: illegal activities – “shadow economy”; concealment of taxable objects; tax accounting in violation of current legislation; creation of fictitious companies; difficulties in interpreting tax legislation, which leads to unintentional mistakes on the part of taxpayers.
The elements of a criminal offence under Article 212 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine have been detailed. It has been emphasised that for an objective, qualitative, comprehensive, full study of the case file, the investigator may invite persons with special knowledge in the field of tax relations, including specialists of the State Audit Service of Ukraine and the Main Department of the State Tax Service.
On the basis of the above legislative and doctrinal statements, the following features of a tax have been proposed: mandatory payment; made by individuals and legal entities; received by the budget of the appropriate level; statutory terms and amount of tax; legal liability for violation of tax legislation.
Preparation of objects for the examination of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors: a case study approach
Authors: Lozova S. M. , Perlin S. I. 
Published: August 2023

When investigating crimes related to drug trafficking, it is important to properly seize, pack, transport, store drugs and prepare them for expert examination.
The article analyses the peculiarities of seizure of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors. The following items are subject to seizure when preparing objects for examination: narcotic, psychotropic, potent substances, precursors, materials and equipment used for their manufacture, storage and transportation. Narcotic drugs can be seized in various forms, namely: plants, liquids, pills of different colours, shapes and sizes, capsules, powders of different colours. The seized objects are subject to mandatory recording in the protocol of the relevant investigative (detective) action with photographs or video recording. The equipment used for their manufacture, storage and transportation is also subject to seizure. It is proposed to involve specialists of various fields (criminalist, botanist, agronomist) in conducting investigative (“detective”) actions. An algorithm of actions for seizure, packaging and storage of objects has been developed depending on the identified typical situations: detection of illegal crops; detection of drug laboratories/drug houses; detection of “bookmarks” or detention of a person during an operational purchase. Recommendations for handling narcotic substances have been provided.
Correct seizure, packaging, transportation, storage of narcotic drugs and their preparation for expert examination significantly improves both the quality of forensic examination of narcotic substances, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors, and the effectiveness of the investigation of crimes related to drug trafficking in general.