bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slot-Jet-Isolate: A Next-Generation Explosives-Free Remedial Technology
Authors: McWilliam Gary , Lucas Alex , Gaskin Keith , Jacobs Lars , Macpherson Steve , Ullbrand Björn , Molony Dave 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Slot-Jet-Isolate (SJI) system is a newly developed, explosives-free and low-footprint remedial technology designed for full flexibility in the remediation and testing of challenging annuli for a variety of applications.
An extensive full-scale testing programme was executed with the support of industry sponsors to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Slot, Jet, Isolate (SJI) concept. Testing was performed on fully-cemented casings to confirm the ability of the slotting system to develop a hydraulic connection with the annulus for even the most challenging annuli not previously within the envelope of traditional systems. The learnings have been applied to further enhance the power of the slotting blades and robustness of the tool, and determine operational limits prior to initial field deployment.
Following the success of the first phase of testing, the tool was deployed for an operator in the UKCS to successfully slot casing and displace oil-based mud from the annuli of four subsea wells prior to the setting of environmental plugs, removing the need for explosives and successfully conducting operations more efficiently than the established approach. Since this first application, the tool has subsequently also been run offshore Netherlands to slot casing to facilitate washing and removal of annular solids prior to pulling casings during P&A operations. The potential of the technology for future fully-rigless deployment via the use of Coiled Tubing was also confirmed.
This paper will report on how the SJI system was developed with the help of effective collaboration between industry partners to accelerate its maturation from concept to successful field deployment in only 18 months, and will further demonstrate how this flexible technology may also be configured for applied casing recovery applications, in addition to its future intended application to annular cement remediation for well plug and abandonment (P&A).
Keeping Subsea Pipelines Free from Wax and Hydrate Deposits by Use of a Subsea Cooler Unit
Authors: Kvernland M. , Lund F. , Strømmegjerde L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the "cold flow" technology and tests performed to qualify a subsea concept as a step towards taking the technology into use. By combining subsea cooling and the traditional cold flow seeding method with a novel inductive heating mechanism, all hydrate and wax potential can be converted into small and inert solid particles in a subsea cooler downstream of the wellhead. The particles will travel suspended in the bulk flow at ambient seabed temperature towards the host facility without any additional flow assurance measures, like pipeline insulation, heating, or chemical injection. The paper contains a description of the Empig cold flow technology, and the initial concept launched by SINTEF. Furthermore, a description of a hydrocarbon flow loop used in the testing of the technology together with a brief description of test results. A subsea cooler unit used for a pit test is then presented. This section contains a discussion on its design principles, a description of the marinized heating system, and test results.
Liberating Subsurface Models for Use in Well Construction: A Step-Change in Decision Making
Authors: Bjerkås Johnny , Fischer Karsten , Perna Ferdinando , Wendt Anke S. , Kumar Devendra , Szemat-Vielma Waldemar , Jahangir Mohammad , Simons David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recently, significant advances have been made in integrating subsurface and drilling domains through digital means. One of the key technologies facilitating this integration is the Open Group Subsurface Data Universe (OSDU) data platform that aims to standardize data management and facilitate data sharing across the oil and gas industry. By leveraging the OSDU Data Platform, subsurface models and data can be liberated from traditional silos and made accessible for various applications in well construction. Access to accurate live subsurface data throughout the well construction process reduces project uncertainties, resulting in better plans, more efficient operations, and reduced emissions.
Subsurface data form the basis for well planning and informed decisions during drilling. The most typical subsurface data relevant for the well construction process are well targets, formation tops, mechanical earth models, and geological risks. Traditionally, the data exchange between subsurface and drilling departments has often been individually triggered and executed manually which may have been time-consuming, prone to errors, and may have led to delays in decision-making and to operational inefficiencies. The liberation of data to a cloud store and the enabling of direct access to the data using dedicated cloud services provides a significant opportunity for a step-change in efficiency, data management, cost optimization, and project adherence. The shared environment facilitates a seamless and quick turnaround of relevant data during the well construction process, especially as plans evolve.
Improved integration allows for the subsurface and drilling teams to collaborate effectively, make agile adjustments to plans, identify risks, and access the most relevant data in real-time. As new information becomes available, it can be promptly integrated into the planning process allowing for sensitivity evaluations of well trajectory geometries, and drilling practices in the context of the subsurface constrains (faulting, weak formations, and data acquisition requirements). This leads to improved turnaround times, faster decision-making, and a more responsive approach to evolving well construction requirements. Ultimately this cross-domain integration drives successful drilling campaigns by optimizing well paths and placements, mud weights, mud properties, drilling parameters and a decreased environmental impact.
In this paper, we describe the motivation and the procedures for successful data liberation and workflow integration. Benefits obtained by using the OSDU and dedicated cloud services are outlined with the focus on the integration of domains and organizations, i.e., from subsurface to drilling and from operator to service provider. The impact of this integration is demonstrated by the results of several case studies.
Fluid-Fluid and Rock-Fluid Parametric Investigation of The Underground Storage of Hydrogen in a Deep North Sea Aquifer
Authors: Jadhawar Prashant , Saeed Motaz 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Hydrogen is a clean energy form aiding in achieving the significant net zero targets while fulfilling objectives of reducing carbon emissions by major economies, thus transitioning from fossil fuel to sustainable energy centres. To mitigate the high demand for electricity and heat in the peak winter season in Europe, it is proposed to store the excess electricity-converted-hydrogen in saline aquifers, salt caverns, and depleted oil and gas reservoirs. These geoformations can store GigaWatt scale hydrogen energy, significantly larger than the other storage means. In this work, we investigate the impact of aquifer-related mechanisms and parameters on the performance of underground hydrogen storage in a North Sea aquifer utilizing the numerical simulation approach.
The effect of heterogeneity in permeability, relative permeability hysteresis, fluid-fluid solubility of hydrogen in formation brine and the diffusion over the predictive simulation periods were investigated in this study. Hydrogen gas injectivity and recovery efficiency were observed to be significantly influenced by the aquifer’s permeability heterogeneity. Moreover, the relative permeability hysteresis further decreased the hydrogen gas injectivity and recovery, which occurs due to the trapping of the residual hydrogen gas in the trailing edge of the migrating hydrogen plume inside the aquifer. This is more clearly visible during the hydrogen production cycles. The inclusion of hydrogen solubility and hydrogen diffusion indicated negligible effects when evaluated independently. However, their combined evaluation with the above factors, has shown an impact on the performance of underground hydrogen storage in term of lower recovery efficiency. Investigation of the addition of CO2 as a cushion gas is projected to yield hydrogen gas recovery while sequestering and storing the large volumes of CO2 achieving the noticeable decarbonisation targets.
Providing Assurance of Digital Twins
Authors: Bell C. J. , Celnik M. , Devgun J. , Hansen O. , Osborn W. , Faiz G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Building robust and trustworthy digital twins that can be used for critical operational decisions is a key industrial challenge. As a response to this challenge DNV has developed a suite of recommended practices for development and assurance of digital twins, with the principal DNV-RP-A204 "Qualification and Assurance of Digital Twins" overarching.
The methodology presented in this paper shares the philosophy and key features of the methodology in DNV-RP-A204 which was developed in close collaboration with industry partners and is currently being used by several leading operators and suppliers. Our recommended practice proposes a definition of a digital twin and its capability levels: descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, or fully automated solutions. Further we have a framework to describe digital twin functional elements, which can help to introduce granular structure to the twin and to clearly define quality assurance requirements.
While there are industry-wide standards and commonly agreed best practices for how to assure components and systems of physical assets, there remain no common agreed standards against which to develop, deliver and operate digital twins. The digital twin framework developed by DNV addresses requirements for all aspects of a digital twin: functionality, operations, platform, data quality, cyber security, and organizational requirements. For each of these aspects, the framework clearly defines necessary requirements and assurance processes.
Assurance provides confidence in the digital services, which are increasingly deployed across the energy sector. Trustworthy digital twins can significantly increase efficiency in the project execution phase and the operational phase. A systematic way of addressing and assessing quality will increase trustworthiness of digital twins. The methodology and reflections presented in this paper should enable the user to develop trustworthy digital twins more easily.
Assurance of digital twins is a nascent concept for the energy sector, even though we are familiar with assurance in "traditional" applications, like product development and operation support. Here we demonstrate applications of the recommended practices for assurance, with examples from recent projects.
Heat to Power Feasibility Study on Oil and Gas Offshore Installations Using Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Authors: Ranjinehkhojasteh A. , Folayan O. 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARY
The North Sea Transition Deal (NSTD) agreed in 2021 between the UK government and the offshore oil and gas industry placed a strong emphasis on emission reduction. Amongst various enhancement options, immediate reductions in production related emissions from improved production efficiency, energy efficiency, operational process change, consideration of fuel usage and equipment upgrades was recommended.
In this study, the feasibility of retrofitting an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) unit was assessed by determining the power generated from heat on the power generator turbines on Serica Energy's Bruce platform. The modification proposes using the heat generated, to generate sufficient power to meet platform's demand.
The study's findings show that a 40% increase in energy efficiency is achievable. The study also indicates that using the ORC reduced fuel usage by 0.5 – 1.6 kg/s and CO2emissions by 96.86 – 310 metric tonnes of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) equivalent per day. Economic analysis also demonstrates that the added benefits of ORC such as increased revenue from additional gas sales and savings from lower carbon tax outweigh the investment capital cost of £20 million.
This maturity of this technology which has been successfully demonstrated in other environments has not yet been implemented on offshore oil and gas installations makes this an attractive option for companies. Given the relatively small impact on plant layout and weight, this study also discusses the wider benefits that using ORC could have on the running of aging offshore platforms especially if redundant equipment can be decommissioned, reducing abandonment expenditure (ABEX) scope in advance of the cessation of production (CoP).
Sevoflurane sedation in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: an observational study with a propensity score matching model
Authors: Consales Guglielmo , Cappellini Iacopo , Freschi Benedetta , Campiglia Laura , Parise Maddalena , Zamidei Lucia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Patients that are affected by severe induced respiratory failure (C-ARDS) formCOVID-19, frequently need deep sedation in order to perform adequate ventilator support. Volatile anesthetics (VAs) constitute a convenient alternative to intravenous molecules, allowing to fine-tune the desired level of sedation. Moreover, VAs might have anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatatory effects, which are particularly appropriate for COVID-19 patients.
Methods: In this study, we show the results of a retrospective single-center non-profit observational cohort study. To achieve this, we enrolled patients hospitalized for C-ARDS in the COVID Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Santo Stefano (Prato, Italy) during the period March 2020 - June 2021. A total of 112 patients were enrolled in the study that were all submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation. Participants were divided in two groups: i) Group 1 received the VA sevoflurane and, ii) Group 2 were sedated with propofol and remifentanil. A propensity score matching model (PSM) was applied in order match each treated unit with a non-treated unit of similar characteristics between the two groups. The calculation of PSM was performed considering anthropometric data such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney damage as covariates.
Level of sedation (BIS monitoring), respiratory and ventilator parameters, i.e., PaO2/FiO2, pulmonary static compliance and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and biochemical parameters were evaluated at three time-points: at the time of the invasive ventilation (T1), after 72 hours (T2) and after 7 days (T3).
Results: 56 patients who received inhaled sedation with sevoflurane were matched with 56 participants receiving an intravenous sedation by means of PSM. An adequate level of sedation was obtained in both groups. In the sevoflurane group, an increase of PaO2/FiO2 and of the static compliance was observed while mortality was slightly decreased.
Conclusions: In this work, we demonstrate that deep sedation of invasively ventilated C-ARDS patients can be effectively obtained with sevoflurane. Interestingly, VA sedation with sevoflurane contributed to enhance respiratory mechanics, which has a clear clinical relevance in C-ARDS patients. In terms of pulmonary compliance, results obtained after three days of starting sedation therapy with sevoflurane demonstrated that static compliance was higher in those who received inhaled sedation. At the same timing, PaO2/FiO2 ratio at the same timing was greater in group 1 than in group 2.
Further studies deem to confirm the potential of this treatment in a randomized clinical trial.
Giant root-rat engineering and livestock grazing activities regulate plant functional trait diversity of an Afroalpine vegetation community in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia
Authors: Asefa Addisu , Reuber Victoria , Miehe Georg , Wraase Luise , Wube Tilaye , Farwig Nina , Schabo Dana G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Disturbances from rodent engineering and human activities profoundly impact ecosystem structure and functioning. While we know that disturbances modulate plant communities, it is important to comprehend the mechanisms through which rodent and human disturbances modulate the functional trait composition of vegetation communities. Here, we evaluated the changes in functional trait diversity and composition of Afroalpine vegetation communities in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia along gradients of engineering disturbances of a subterranean endemic rodent, the giant root-rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus RÜPPELL 1842) and human activities (settlement establishment and livestock grazing). We conducted RLQ (co-inertia analysis) and fourth-corner analyses to test for trait-disturbance (rodent engineering/human activities) covariation. Overall, our results show an increase in plant functional trait diversity with increasing root-rat engineering and increasing human activities. Functional traits, such as large seed mass, stoloniferous vegetative propagation and a prostrate stem were associated with increasing root-rat engineering, while leaf size and leaf nitrogen content were associated with increasing human activities. The results suggest that disturbances by rodents filter plant traits related to survival and reproduction strategies, whereas human activities such as livestock grazing act as filters for traits related to leaf economics spectrum along acquisitive resource use strategy. Overall, our results show that both rodent engineering and human activities act as habitat filters, but each favouring different combinations of traits reflecting specific adaptation strategies.
Alteration of microRNA expression in lymphocytes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Huang jingjing , Wang Xuyi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The development of schizophrenia is related to a combination of genetic and epigenomic factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in epigenetic processes and are relevant to the onset and progression of schizophrenia. They can regulate target genes during the growth and development of neurons and can be affected by genetic and environmental factors associated with schizophrenia. Although prior studies have found abnormal miRNA expression in schizophrenia, few studies have examined the miRNA level in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). The present study aimed to examine the expression of lymphocyte microRNA (miR-107, miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-223, miR-219, miR-137, miR-125b) in patients with first-episode schizophrenia who had never been treated.
Method
We investigated the expression of miRNAs using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) technology. The severity of clinical symptoms was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The prognostic value of biomarkers was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the predictive value of these biomarkers was also compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relative risk related to microRNA alteration in schizophrenia. Logistic regression analyses were then performed to identify the most significant and sensitive miRNA biomarkers.
Results
Compared with the control group, the patient group exhibited significantly higher levels of expression for six miRNAs (miR-181a, miR-137, miR-223, miR-107, miR-181b, and miR-125b) (P < 0.05). The ROCs indicated that miR-223 exhibited the highest diagnostic value, with an area under the curve being 0.916.
Conclusions
The present study provided some insights into the alteration of miRNA expression, which might improve our understanding of the complex global changes in gene expression in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study identified six miRNAs (miR-223, miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-125b, miR-219, and miR-107) that might facilitate the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Football Performance Evaluation
Authors: Rajagopalan Anirudh , Srid Rajeswari 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Expected Goals (xG) is a performance metric used to evaluate a football team’s or a player’s performance. Simply put, it represents the probability of a scoring opportunity that may result in a goal. This metric suits the low-scoring nature of sports such as football. The score of a match involves randomness and inexplicable factors that skew the data represented by standard metrics and often may not represent the actual performance of an individual or a team; therefore, it would be of more significant benefit to individuals trying to analyse a player or a team to use alternative statistics rather than shots on target, ball possessions percentage, and sprints completed. The xG Model is trained on several key metrics derived from on-field events, corroborating with the historical to measure the probability of a shot being a goal by the common goal. The selection of these features, the size and date of the data, and the model used are the parameters that may affect the model’s performance. Using machine learning models to increase the model’s predictive performance decreases the vagueness caused by subjective interpretation. This paper proposes an accurate expected goal model trained on a compiled dataset containing data from the FIFA World Cup 2018 and 2022 and the UEFA Champions League 2018-2022, with a total of 768,744 shots taken by the top players take when representing their country and club on the biggest stage. Moreover, this model is explained by using data visualisation tools to obtain an explainable expected goal representation for evaluating a team or player’s performance. Furthermore, these methods can be generalised to other sports. The xG model also allows us to interpret Expected Results and Expected points scored
One-Stage Soave’s Pull-through Operation for Hirschsprung Disease in Adults: a retrospective study
Authors: Guo Zheng , Ma Lushun , Wang Song , Wang Yuchao , Li Dianguo , Wang Jian , Xu Weili , Sun Daqing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Hirschsprung’s disease is characterized by the congenital absence of ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the intestine typically diagnosed in infancy. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical effect of Soave’s operation on Adult Hirschsprung disease.
Methods: 21 patients aged from 21 to 35 years old with Hirschsprung’s Disease were studied. All cases were treated with Soave’s pull-through operation (total colectomy with ileoanal anastomosis). Clinical data of preoperative, postoperative complications and recovery condition after operation were recorded.
Results: All cases were treated with Soave’s operation successfully and followed up for 1-4 years. No patients suffered from serious complications, such as obstructive complication, anastomotic leakage, perianal excoriation, soiling, fecal incontinence, urination disorders and sexual disorder in male patients. There were 2 cases who had postoperative enterocolitis with hyperthermia (38-39°C) but recovered after being treated with antibiotics and retention enema for 5-7 days. After Soave’s operation, the defecation frequency of the Adult Hirschsprung disease was 2-3 times a day, and the defecation time was 6.4±4.31 minutes, which was significantly improved compared with that before the operation (preoperative interval days of defecation: 5.82±6.32 days; preoperative average defecation time: 20.4±11.3 minutes, P<0.05).
Conclusions: The above data prove that Soave’s operation appears to be an effective and safe procedure for Adult Hirschsprung disease, through which not only reduces postoperativecomplications, but also remains sexual function and defecate function.