bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating Scientific Inquiry and Politics
Authors: Douglas Heather 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProtecting science from politicization is an ongoing concern in contemporary society. Yet some political influences on science (e.g., setting public funding amounts) are fully legitimate. We need to have a clear account of when a political influence is politicization (an illegitimate political influence) in order to properly detect and address the problem. I argue in this paper that understanding how the space of scientific inquiry is distinctive from democratic politics can be the basis for defining politicization. Similarities between inquiry and democratic politics have long been noted, but there are important differences as well. I describe four norms that are importantly distinct for inquiry when compared with democratic politics, even if they can be seen as roughly similar. Although there are parallels between democratic political norms and norms for scientific inquiry, there are crucial differences as well. Eliding these differences creates politicization of inquiry. Even as we understand scientific inquiry as pursued within society and responsible to society, we pursue it in a distinctive space, guided by distinctive norms and practices.
Cues trigger depiction schemas for robots, as they do for human identities
Authors: Doyle Eliott K. , Hodges Sara D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Clark and Fischer's three levels of depiction of social robots can be conceptualized as cognitive schemas. When interacting with social robots, humans shift between schemas similarly to how they shift between identity category schemas when interacting with other humans. Perception of mind, context cues, and individual differences underlie perceptions of which level of depiction is most situationally relevant.
Research status and development trend of frog-inspired robots
Authors: Wang Shuqi , Fan Jizhuang , Liu Gangfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe frog-inspired robots with amphibious locomotion ability have greatest application prospects and practical value in the fields of resource exploration and environmental reconnaissance. Although frog-inspired robots have been of interest over many years, research on frog-inspired amphibious robots is still in its infancy. Since the locomotion mechanism is the basis for the research of frog-inspired amphibious robots, the research methods of the single motion mechanism of frogs are firstly inductive analyzed, and a reference scheme is proposed to inspire the research on the amphibious motion mechanism. Then, we collect and introduce a systematic discussion of the research status of frog-inspired robots according to the locomotion mode. The characteristics of the robots are analyzed from the aspects of design concept, structural characteristics, driving method, and motion performance. Finally, the technical challenges faced by the research on the frog-inspired robots are analyzed, and the development trend is predicted. The authors hope that this study can provide an informative reference for future research in the direction of frog-inspired amphibious robot.
Transportation and language access as crucial pillars for an immigrant-inclusive 21st-century food security program
Authors: Park Jin K , Yi Stella S 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThough food insecurity has long been recognised to impact health, population-specific determinants of food insecurity have recently been studied systematically as an important public health concern. Indeed, while immigrant populations face particular challenges to equitable access to the food system, many of these concerns have not been systematically described. To this end, we critically review recent work that demonstrates the importance of transportation and language access as independent determinants of access to food for immigrant populations. Furthermore, we highlight proposals to mitigate barriers to access, including both academic and community-driven approaches to create overlapping institutional commitments for inclusive policymaking that meets the specific needs of diverse populations.
Astrovirology: how viruses enhance our understanding of life in the Universe
Authors: Trubl Gareth , Stedman Kenneth M. , Bywaters Kathryn F. , Matula Emily E. , Sommers Pacifica , Roux Simon , Merino Nancy , Yin John , Kaelber Jason T. , Avila-Herrera Aram , Johnson Peter Anto , Johnson John Christy , Borges Schuyler , Weber Peter K. , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Boston Penelope J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractViruses are the most numerically abundant biological entities on Earth. As ubiquitous replicators of molecular information and agents of community change, viruses have potent effects on the life on Earth, and may play a critical role in human spaceflight, for life-detection missions to other planetary bodies and planetary protection. However, major knowledge gaps constrain our understanding of the Earth's virosphere: (1) the role viruses play in biogeochemical cycles, (2) the origin(s) of viruses and (3) the involvement of viruses in the evolution, distribution and persistence of life. As viruses are the only replicators that span all known types of nucleic acids, an expanded experimental and theoretical toolbox built for Earth's viruses will be pivotal for detecting and understanding life on Earth and beyond. Only by filling in these knowledge and technical gaps we will obtain an inclusive assessment of how to distinguish and detect life on other planetary surfaces. Meanwhile, space exploration requires life-support systems for the needs of humans, plants and their microbial inhabitants. Viral effects on microbes and plants are essential for Earth's biosphere and human health, but virus–host interactions in spaceflight are poorly understood. Viral relationships with their hosts respond to environmental changes in complex ways which are difficult to predict by extrapolating from Earth-based proxies. These relationships should be studied in space to fully understand how spaceflight will modulate viral impacts on human health and life-support systems, including microbiomes. In this review, we address key questions that must be examined to incorporate viruses into Earth system models, life-support systems and life detection. Tackling these questions will benefit our efforts to develop planetary protection protocols and further our understanding of viruses in astrobiology.
Utilization of inpatient palliative care services among adolescents and young adults with cancer: Evidence from National Inpatient Sample 2016–2019
Authors: Yadav Sandhya , Turner Kea , Xie Zhigang , Chen Guanming , Islam Jessica Y. , Suk Ryan , Hong Young-Rock 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesPalliative care can improve the quality of life of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer. However, little is known about the utilization of palliative care among AYA cancer patients. Identifying factors associated with the utilization of palliative care could inform efforts to improve palliative care access among AYA patients living with cancer.MethodsUsing data from the National Inpatient Sample 2016–2019, a representative sample of US hospitalizations, we examined palliative care encounters and associated characteristics among hospitalizations of AYA with cancer and high inpatient mortality risk. Survey design–adjusted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations of patient- and hospital-level characteristics with palliative care.ResultsOf 10,979 hospitalizations by AYA cancer patients with high mortality risk, 19.9% received palliative care services between 2016 and 2019. After adjusting for all characteristics, independent predictors of palliative care use were as follows: older age (25–39 years old vs. 25–39 years; odds ratio [OR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–1.49), Hispanic/Latinx (vs. non-Hispanic White; OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.34), female (vs. male; OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14–1.41), public insurance (vs. private insurance; OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10–1.38), hospital location in the US South (vs. Northeast; OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66–0.94), and a large hospital (vs. small; OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.96).Significance of resultsLess than 20% of AYAs with cancer and high risk of mortality received inpatient palliative care services. Further research is needed to explore the reasons for lower palliative care utilization in the younger age groups.
Race-conscious serious illness communication: An interpersonal tool to dismantle racism in practice and research
Authors: Rosa William E. , Brown Crystal E. , Curtis J. Randall 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRacism significantly contributes to inequitable care quality and outcomes for people of color with serious illness, their families, and their communities. Clinicians use serious illness communication (SIC) to foster trust, elicit patients’ needs and values, and deliver goal-concordant services. Current SIC tools do not actively guide users to incorporate patients’ experiences with racism into care.Objectives1) To explicitly address racism during SIC in the context of the patient’s lived experience and 2) to provide race-conscious SIC recommendations for clinicians and researchers.MethodsApplying the conceptual elements of Public Health Critical Race Praxis to SIC practice and research through reflection on inclusive SIC approaches and a composite case.ResultsPatients’ historical and ongoing narratives of racism must be intentionally welcomed in physically and psychologically safe environments by leveraging empathic communication opportunities, forging antiracist palliative care practices, removing interpersonal barriers to promote transparent patient–clinician relationships, and strengthening organizational commitments to strategically dismantle racism. Race-conscious SIC communication strategies, skills, and examples of talking points are provided.DiscussionRace-conscious SIC practices may assist to acknowledge racial dynamics within the patient–clinician encounter. Furthermore, race-conscious SIC may help to mitigate implicit and explicit bias in clinical practices and the exclusionary research cultures that guide them.
Towards a Transnational Approach to Transboundary Haze Pollution: Governing Traditional Farming in Fire-Prone Regions of Indonesia
Authors: Alam Shawkat , Nurhidayah Laely , Lim Michelle 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn Indonesia, swidden practices have been part of traditional rice farming for centuries. Swidden agriculture is a fundamental part of all remaining large tropical forests and provides a critical form of biodiversity-friendly agriculture. Meanwhile, peatland degradation and land conversion for oil palm plantation and agriculture have created an annual transboundary environmental disaster in Southeast Asia. This article adopts a transnational lens to highlight the complex multi-scale interactions that perpetuate recurring transboundary air pollution in the region. Having examined the traditional practices of swidden agriculture in Central Kalimantan and South Sumatra (Indonesia), the article reveals that swidden agriculture has been misunderstood generally, and in particular in international and national law and policy. It argues that existing laws fail to identify the important role that swidden agriculture plays in sustainable ecosystem management and cultural expression. Nuanced understandings of fire use, alongside transnational multi-stakeholder and multi-scale approaches, are required.
Kinetic Simulation of Cold Ion Heating in Asymmetric Reconnection
Authors: Song Liangjin , Zhou Meng , Yi Yongyuan , Deng Xiaohua , Zhong Zhihong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCold ions from the plasmasphere can reach the Earth's magnetopause through the plasma wind and plume, affecting the reconnection at the magnetopause, such as changing the reconnection rate and influencing the energy budget. Recent observations found that cold ions were substantially heated by magnetopause reconnection. Although a few mechanisms have been proposed to account for the cold ion acceleration at the magnetopause, the dominant mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, we perform 2.5‐dimensional fully kinetic simulations to study cold ion heating in asymmetric reconnection at Earth's magnetopause. We find that cold ions absorb about 10%–25% of the total released magnetic energy, which is predominantly converted into the thermal energy of cold ions. The proportion of the energy gained by cold ions increases with the increment of the initial density ratio of the cold ions to hot ions in the magnetosphere. Cold ions are primarily accelerated by the Hall electric field at the magnetospheric separatrix region, while the out‐of‐plane electric field does negative work. The increase in thermal energy of cold ions is mainly caused by stochastic heating, that is, the viscous heating associated with the non‐gyrotropic pressure tensor, , contributes the most. The work done by pressure is most significant around the magnetosheath separatrix region. These results can significantly deepen our understanding of the cold ion dynamics at Earth's magnetopause.
Multichannel Sparse Deconvolution of Teleseismic Receiver Functions With f − x Preconditioning
Authors: Sun W. , Sacchi M. D. , Gu Y. J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTeleseismic receiver functions (RFs) are an effective tool for structural imaging due to their simplicity and sensitivity to changes in rock elastic properties. Generally, RFs are estimated through trace‐by‐trace deconvolution. This individualized approach ignores the lateral coherency among RFs from neighboring raypaths, which could lead to rougher or incorrect seismic sections due to the presence of noise. This study presents a multichannel sparse deconvolution method that takes advantage of the cross‐trace coherency of RFs at individual stations for stable and accurate imaging outcomes. The proposed algorithm incorporates sparse inversion and frequency‐space prediction filters, which facilitate the retrieval of high‐resolution and spatially continuous conversion energy. Rigorous testing using synthetic and actual data typically suggests the higher robustness of multichannel deconvolution over single‐channel deconvolution, especially under low signal‐to‐noise ratios. The noise‐resistance property of the multichannel approach offers new opportunities to increase the volume of usable, high‐quality data for receiver function analysis.
Deep Geophysical Anomalies Beneath the Changbaishan Volcano
Authors: Li Shaohua , Li Jiaqi , Ferrand Thomas P. , Zhou Tong , Lv Mingda , Xi Ziyi , Maguire Ross , Han Guangjie , Li Juan , Bao Xiyuan , Jiang Yiran , Bao Tiezhao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSubsurface imaging is key to understanding the origin of intraplate volcanoes. The Changbaishan volcano, located about 2,000 km away from the western Pacific subduction zone, has several debated origins. To investigate this, we compared regional seismic tomography with the electrical resistivity results and obtained high‐resolution 1D and quasi‐2D velocity‐depth profiles. We show that the upper mantle is characterized by two anomalies exhibiting distinct features which cannot be explained by the same mechanism. We document a localized low‐velocity anomaly atop the 410‐km discontinuity, where the P‐wave velocity is reduced more than that of the S‐wave (i.e., lower Vp/Vs). We propose that this anomaly is caused by the reduction of the effective moduli during the phase transformation of olivine. The other anomaly, located between 300 and 370 km depth, reveals a significant reduction of the S‐wave velocity (i.e., higher Vp/Vs), associated with a reduction of the electrical resistivity, altogether consistent with partial melting.
The Effect of Clay Content on the Dilatancy and Frictional Properties of Fault Gouge
Authors: Ashman I. R. , Faulkner D. R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMature fault cores are comprised of extremely fine, low permeability, clay‐bearing gouges. Saturated granular fault materials are known to dilate in response to increases in sliding velocity, resulting in significant pore pressure drops that can suppress instability. Up to now, dilatancy has been measured predominantly in clay‐poor gouges. Clay minerals have low frictional strengths and, in previous experiments, even small proportions of clay minerals were shown to affect the frictional properties of a fault. It is important, therefore, to document in detail the impact of the proportion of clay on the frictional behavior and dilatancy of fault rocks. In this work, a suite of triaxial deformation experiments elucidated the frictional behavior of saturated, synthetic quartz‐clay (kaolinite) fault gouges at effective normal stresses of 60, 25, and 10 MPa. Upon a 10‐fold velocity increase, gouges of all clay‐quartz contents displayed measurable dilatancy with clay‐poor samples yielding comparable changes to previous studies. Peak dilation did not occur in the pure quartz gouges, but rather in gouges containing 10 to 40 wt% clay. The clay content of the simulated gouges was found to control the gouge frictional strength and the stability of slip. A transition occurred at ∼40 wt% clay from strong, unstably sliding quartz‐dominated gouges to weak but stably sliding clay‐dominated gouges. These results indicate that in a low permeability, clay‐rich fault zone, the increases in pore volume could generate pore‐fluid pressure transients, contributing to the arrest of earthquake nucleation or potentially the promotion of sustained slow slip.
Experimentally Derived Luminous Efficiencies for Aluminum and Iron at Meteoric Speeds
Authors: Tarnecki L. K. , Marshall R. A. , Fontanese J. , Sternovsky Z. , Munsat T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCalculating meteoroid masses from photometric observations relies on prior knowledge of the luminous efficiency, a parameter that is not well characterized; reported values vary by several orders of magnitude. We present results from an experimental campaign to determine the luminous efficiency as a function of mass, velocity, and composition. Using a linear electrostatic dust accelerator, iron and aluminum microparticles were accelerated to v > 10 km/s and ablated, and the light production measured. The luminous efficiency of each event was calculated and functional forms fit for each species. For both materials, the luminous efficiency is lowest at low velocities, rises sharply, then falls as velocity increases. However, the exact shape and magnitude of the curve is not consistent between the materials. The difference between the luminous efficiencies for iron and aluminum, particularly at high velocities, indicates that it is not sufficient to use the same luminous efficiency for all compositions and velocities.
Regional Heatwave Prediction Using Graph Neural Network and Weather Station Data
Authors: Li Peiyuan , Yu Yin , Huang Daning , Wang Zhi‐Hua , Sharma Ashish 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHeatwaves lead to catastrophic consequences on public health and the economy. Accurate and timely predictions of regional heatwaves can improve climate preparedness and foster decision‐making to alleviate the burdens due to climate change. In this paper, we propose a heatwave prediction algorithm based on a novel deep learning model, that is, Graph Neural Network (GNN). This new GNN framework can provide real time warnings of the sudden occurrence of regional heatwaves with high accuracy at lower costs of computation and data collection. In addition, its interpretable structure unravels the spatiotemporal patterns of regional heatwaves and helps to enrich our understanding of the general climate dynamics and the causal influences between locations. The proposed GNN framework can be applied for the detection and prediction of other extreme or compound climate events, which calls for future studies.
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumoroids reveal subgroup-specific drug vulnerabilities
Authors: Paassen Irene , Williams Justin , Ríos Arceo Carla , Ringnalda Femke , Mercer Kimberly Shea , Buhl Juliane L. , Moreno Natalia , Federico Aniello , Franke Niels E. , Kranendonk Mariette , Upadhyaya Santhosh A. , Kerl Kornelius , van de Wetering Marc , Clevers Hans , Kool Marcel , Hoving Eelco W. , Roussel Martine F. , Drost Jarno 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) represent a rare, but aggressive pediatric brain tumor entity. They are genetically defined by alterations in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex members SMARCB1 or SMARCA4. ATRTs can be further classified in different molecular subgroups based on their epigenetic profiles. Although recent studies suggest that the different subgroups have distinct clinical features, subgroup-specific treatment regimens have not been developed thus far. This is hampered by the lack of pre-clinical in vitro models representative of the different molecular subgroups. Here, we describe the establishment of ATRT tumoroid models from the ATRT-MYC and ATRT-SHH subgroups. We demonstrate that ATRT tumoroids retain subgroup-specific epigenetic and gene expression profiles. High throughput drug screens on our ATRT tumoroids revealed distinct drug sensitivities between and within ATRT-MYC and ATRT-SHH subgroups. Whereas ATRT-MYC universally displayed high sensitivity to multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, ATRT-SHH showed a more heterogeneous response with a subset showing high sensitivity to NOTCH inhibitors, which corresponded to high expression of NOTCH receptors. Our ATRT tumoroids represent the first pediatric brain tumor organoid model, providing a representative pre-clinical model which enables the development of subgroup-specific therapies.
Fetal exposure to valproic acid dysregulates the expression of autism-linked genes in the developing cerebellum
Authors: Guerra Marika , Medici Vanessa , Weatheritt Robert , Corvino Valentina , Palacios Daniela , Geloso Maria Concetta , Farini Donatella , Sette Claudio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a set of highly heritable neurodevelopmental syndromes characterized by social and communication impairment, repetitive behaviour, and intellectual disability. Although mutations in multiple genes have been associated to ASD, most patients lack detectable genetic alterations. For this reason, environmental factors are commonly thought to also contribute to ASD aetiology. Transcriptome analyses have revealed that autistic brains possess distinct gene expression signatures, whose elucidation can provide insights about the mechanisms underlying the effects of ASD-causing genetic and environmental factors. Herein, we have identified a coordinated and temporally regulated programme of gene expression in the post-natal development of cerebellum, a brain area whose defects are strongly associated with ASD. Notably, this cerebellar developmental programme is significantly enriched in ASD-linked genes. Clustering analyses highlighted six different patterns of gene expression modulated during cerebellar development, with most of them being enriched in functional processes that are frequently dysregulated in ASD. By using the valproic acid mouse model of ASD, we found that ASD-linked genes are dysregulated in the developing cerebellum of ASD-like mice, a defect that correlates with impaired social behaviour and altered cerebellar cortical morphology. Moreover, changes in transcript levels were reflected in aberrant protein expression, indicating the functional relevance of these alterations. Thus, our work uncovers a complex ASD-related transcriptional programme regulated during cerebellar development and highlight genes whose expression is dysregulated in this brain area of an ASD mouse model.