bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic self‐sufficiency and the employment outcomes of care leavers: A 10‐year follow up
Authors: Zeira Anat , Refaeli Tehila , Achdut Netta , Benbenishty Rami 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGaining employment and reaching a stable and self‐sufficient livelihood are essential life tasks, especially for young people ageing out of public care. This longitudinal study followed alumni of welfare and educational residential care settings in Israel for 10 years after leaving care. Here, we describe care leavers' employment and economic self‐sufficiency outcomes and examine differences over time in their experiences. They were interviewed at the age of 19, 1‐year post‐care (N = 235), 3 years later (N = 222) and 10 years after ageing out (N = 151). Results paint a mixed picture. While the majority of participants were employed, many in stable jobs, their wages were low even as they grow older. At the same time, they experienced significant economic hardships. For some, economic hardship decreased with time, but for others it remained a cause for concern. Our findings highlight the inherent dependency between experiences at different life stages and suggest that providing more support to care leavers would improve their economic outcomes.
Strategies for activity analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human diseases
Authors: Ren Naixia , Dai Shangkun , Ma Shumin , Yang Fengtang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a large number of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites associated with human diseases. In the annotation of human diseases, especially cancers, SNPs, as an important component of genetic factors, have gained increasing attention. Given that most of the SNPs are located in non‐coding regions, the functional verification of these SNPs is a great challenge. The key to functional annotation for risk SNPs is to screen SNPs with regulatory activity from thousands of disease associated‐SNPs. In this review, we systematically recapitulate the characteristics and functional roles of SNP sites, discuss three parallel reporter screening strategies in detail based on barcode tag classification, and recommend the common in silico strategies to help supplement the annotation of SNP sites with epigenetic activity analysis, prediction of target genes and trans‐acting factors. We hope that this review will contribute to this exuberant research field by providing robust activity analysis strategies that can facilitate the translation of GWAS results into personalized diagnosis and prevention measures for human diseases.
Identification of oogonial stem cells in chicken ovary
Authors: Meng Lu , Zhang Yun , Hua Yao , Ma Yuxiao , Wang Heng , Li Xianyao , Jiang Yunliang , Zhu Guiyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesOogonial stem cells (OSCs) are germ cells that can sustain neo‐oogenesis to replenish the pool of primary follicles in adult ovaries. In lower vertebrates, fresh oocytes are produced by numerous OSCs through mitosis and meiosis during each reproduction cycle, but the OSCs in adult mammals are rare. The birds have retained many conserved features and developed unique features of ovarian physiology during evolution, and the presence of OSCs within avian species remain unknown.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we investigated the existence and function of OSCs in adult chickens. The chicken OSCs were isolated and expanded in culture. We then used cell transplantation system to evaluate their potential for migration and differentiation in vivo.ResultsDDX4/SSEA1‐positive OSCs were identified in both the cortex and medulla of the adult chicken ovary. These putative OSCs undergo meiosis in the reproductively active ovary. Furthermore, the isolated OSCs were expanded in vitro for months and found to express germline markers similar to those of primordial germ cells. When transplanted into the bloodstream of recipient embryos, these OSCs efficiently migrated into developing gonads, initiated meiosis, and then derived oocytes in postnatal ovaries.ConclusionsThis study has confirmed the presence of functional OSCs in birds for the first time. The identification of chicken OSCs has great potential for improving egg laying and preserving endangered species.
Tuberculin skin test and interferon‐γ release assays: Can they agree?
Authors: Santos João Almeida , Duarte Raquel , Nunes Carla 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) relies largely on the tuberculin skin test (TST) or, more recently, on interferon‐gamma release assays (IGRA). Knowledge regarding these tests is essential to improve their usefulness in combating the tuberculosis epidemic.ObjectivesTo characterize the agreement between the IGRA and TST tests by determining the kappa coefficient (K) and agreement rate between these two tests in patients with active tuberculosis (TB).MethodsRetrospective cohort study conducted with data from active TB patients notified in the Portuguese Tuberculosis Surveillance System (SVIG‐TB), from 2008 to 2015. TST results were interpreted using a 5 mm (TST‐5 mm) and 10 mm (TST‐10 mm) cutoff. Kappa coefficient and agreement rate were calculated in order to evaluate the agreement between IGRA and TST (both cutoffs) test results.ResultsA total of 727 patients with results for both tests were included in the study, of which 3.4% (n = 25) had HIV infection, 5.6% (n = 41) diabetes, 5.0% (n = 36) oncological diseases and 4.4% (n = 32) inflammatory diseases.Of the 727 patients, 16.5% (n = 120) presented different outcomes between IGRA and TST‐5 mm, and 20.5% (n = 149) presented different outcomes between IGRA and TST‐10 mm. Kappa coefficient between IGRA and TST‐5 mm was 0.402 (p < 0.001) with an agreement rate of 83.5%. Between IGRA and TST‐10 mm, the kappa coefficient was 0.351 (p < 0.001), with an agreement rate of 79.5%. Patients with HIV infection, diabetes, oncologic diseases and inflammatory diseases presented a substantial agreement between IGRA and TST‐5 mm, while inflammatory diseases was the only variable that presented a substantial agreement between IGRA and TST‐10 mm.ConclusionAs both tests can present false‐negative results, the low level of agreement between the tests can potentially help identify more cases of LTBI if the two tests are used in parallel, with infections not detected by IGRA possibly being detected by the TST and vice versa.
Recreational angler reporting as a tool for tracking the distribution of invasive Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio)
Authors: Pentyliuk Natasha , Schmidt Brittany , Poesch Mark S. , Green Stephanie J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe recent invasion of Carassius gibelio (commonly known as Prussian carp or Gibel carp) in freshwater environments in central Canada threatens native North American aquatic species and ecosystems. Accurate distribution information is essential for targeting control efforts but is challenging given the resources necessary to continually sample the species' potential distribution. We investigated the extent to which reports by recreational anglers—key resource users—could be used in a citizen science program to generate species distribution information, and factors affecting the accuracy of reporting for C. gibelio. Comparing the location of angler reports to the known distribution of C. gibelio generated by professional biological sampling across the region revealed that anglers can be a powerful resource for tracking an invasive species' distribution; 88% of the C. gibelio angler reports aligned with invaded watersheds (HUC‐8 [hydrological unit code 8], the second finest watershed unit) identified by professional biological sampling. For every report of C. gibelio received in a HUC‐8 area, the probability that area was invaded increased by more than 10 times (odds ratio = 10.26, ±95% CI: 4.4–29.7). Anglers' fish identification abilities were positively related to likelihood of reporting Carassius spp. (odds ratio = 2.52, ±95% CI:1.51–4.45). Anglers that fished more frequently were also more likely to have reported C. gibelio accurately (odds ratio = 1.00, ±95% CI: 0.99–1.01), although the mechanism behind this relationship is unclear. Our results suggest programs that engage recreational anglers in reporting could provide a cost‐effective alternative or complimentary tool for traditional Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) population tracking.
Heart transplantation in the era of corona virus disease 2019: Impact of the pandemic on donors, recipients and outcome
Authors: Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Ballazs Christina , Hettlich Vincent , Scheiber Daniel , Bönner Florian , Westenfeld Ralf , Aubin Hug , Tudorache Igor , Akhyari Payam , Lichtenberg Artur , Boeken Udo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionSince March 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic has tremendously impacted health care all around the globe. We analyzed the impact of the pandemic on donors, recipients, and outcome of heart transplantation (HTx).MethodsBetween 2010 and early 2022, a total of n = 235 patients underwent HTx in our department. Patients were assigned to the study groups regarding the date of the performed HTx. Group 1 (09/2010 to 02/2020): n = 160, Group 2 (03/2020 to 02/2022): n = 75.ResultsSince the pandemic, the etiology of heart failure in the recipients has shifted from dilated (Group 1: 53.8%, Group 2: 32.0%) to ischemic cardiomyopathy (Group 1: 39.4%, Group 2: 50.7%, p < .01). The percentage of high urgency status of the recipients dropped from 50.0% to 36.0% (p = .05), and the use of left ventricular assist (LVAD) support from 56.9% to just 37.3% (p < .01). Meanwhile, the waiting time for the recipients also decreased by about 40% (p = .05). Since the pandemic, donors were 2‐ times more likely to have been previously resuscitated (Group 1: 21.3%, Group 2: 45.3% (p < .01), and drug abuse increased by more than 3‐times (p < .01), indicating acceptance of more marginal donors. Surprisingly, the incidence of postoperative severe primary graft dysfunction requiring extracorporeal life support decreased from 33.1% to 19.4% (p = .04) since the pandemic.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic affected both donors and recipients of HTX but not the postoperative outcome. Donors nowadays are more likely to suffer from ischemic heart disease and are less likely to be on the high‐urgency waitlist and on LVAD support. Simultaneously, an increasing number of marginal donors are accepted, leading to shorter waiting times.
Infant‐directed song potentiates infants’ selective attention to adults’ mouths over the first year of life
Authors: Alviar Camila , Sahoo Manash , Edwards Laura A. , Jones Warren , Klin Ami , Lense Miriam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms by which infant‐directed (ID) speech and song support language development in infancy are poorly understood, with most prior investigations focused on the auditory components of these signals. However, the visual components of ID communication are also of fundamental importance for language learning: over the first year of life, infants’ visual attention to caregivers’ faces during ID speech switches from a focus on the eyes to a focus on the mouth, which provides synchronous visual cues that support speech and language development. Caregivers’ facial displays during ID song are highly effective for sustaining infants’ attention. Here we investigate if ID song specifically enhances infants’ attention to caregivers’ mouths. 299 typically developing infants watched clips of female actors engaging them with ID song and speech longitudinally at six time points from 3 to 12 months of age while eye‐tracking data was collected. Infants’ mouth‐looking significantly increased over the first year of life with a significantly greater increase during ID song versus speech. This difference was early‐emerging (evident in the first 6 months of age) and sustained over the first year. Follow‐up analyses indicated specific properties inherent to ID song (e.g., slower tempo, reduced rhythmic variability) in part contribute to infants’ increased mouth‐looking, with effects increasing with age. The exaggerated and expressive facial features that naturally accompany ID song may make it a particularly effective context for modulating infants’ visual attention and supporting speech and language development in both typically developing infants and those with or at risk for communication challenges. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/SZ8xQW8h93A.Research Highlights
Infants’ visual attention to adults’ mouths during infant‐directed speech has been found to support speech and language development.
Infant‐directed (ID) song promotes mouth‐looking by infants to a greater extent than does ID speech across the first year of life.
Features characteristic of ID song such as slower tempo, increased rhythmicity, increased audiovisual synchrony, and increased positive affect, all increase infants’ attention to the mouth.
The effects of song on infants’ attention to the mouth are more prominent during the second half of the first year of life.
Simultaneous activation of genes encoding urea cycle enzymes and gluconeogenetic enzymes coincides with a corticosterone surge period before metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Konno Norifumi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAmphibian tadpoles are postulated to excrete ammonia as nitrogen metabolites but to shift from ammonotelism to ureotelism during metamorphosis. However, it is unknown whether ureagenesis occurs or plays a functional role before metamorphosis. Here, the mRNA‐expression levels of two urea cycle enzymes (carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I [CPSI] and ornithine transcarbamylase [OTC]) were measured beginning with stage‐47 Xenopus tadpoles at 5 days post‐fertilization (dpf), between the onset of feeding (stage 45, 4 dpf) and metamorphosis (stage 55, 32 dpf). CPSI and OTC expression levels increased significantly from stage 49 (12 dpf). Urea excretion was also detected at stage 47. A transient corticosterone surge peaking at stage 48 was previously reported, supporting the hypothesis that corticosterone can induce CPSI expression in tadpoles, as found in adult frogs and mammals. Stage‐46 tadpoles were exposed to a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex, 10–500 nM) for 3 days. CPSI mRNA expression was significantly higher in tadpoles exposed to Dex than in tadpoles exposed to the vehicle control. Furthermore, glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression increased during the pre‐metamorphic period. In addition to CPSI and OTC mRNA upregulation, the expression levels of three gluconeogenic enzyme genes (glucose 6‐phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase 1) increased with the onset of urea synthesis and excretion. These results suggest that simultaneous induction of the urea cycle and gluconeogenic enzymes coincided with a corticosterone surge occurring prior to metamorphosis. These metabolic changes preceding metamorphosis may be closely related to the onset of feeding and nutrient accumulation required for metamorphosis.
Periodontopathic bacterial adhesion to different restorative materials used to elevate proximal subgingival margins
Authors: Ismail Hoda S. , Azees Parveez Ahamed Abdul , Wang Hanzhou , Ali Ashraf I. , Mehesen Rabab El , Mahmoud Salah H. , Chen Xiao‐Dong , Yeh Chih‐Ko , Garcia‐Godoy Franklin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study compared the periodontopathic bacterial adhesion to four restorative materials used for deep margin elevation at 2, 24, and 48‐h after incubation. Discs were produced from four restorative materials: resin modified glass ionomer, glass hybrid, flowable bulk fill resin composite, and bioactive ionic resin. Root dentin was used as control. Specimens were coated with saliva and used to culture a biofilm comprised of three strains of periodontopathic bacteria; Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Bacterial adherence was assessed by colony count assay, crystal violet staining, and visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc tests. The adhesion values for the control specimens were significantly higher than for other materials, while those for the flowable bulk fill were significantly lower than for any other material within all evaluation assays. The 2‐h incubation period showed the lowest adhesion values regardless of the group. The 48‐h adhesion values were higher than the 24‐h results in all groups except the flowable bulk fill. Microscopic imaging partially supported the findings of the measurements. In terms of periodontopathic bacterial adhesion, the tested flowable bulk fill may be preferable for subgingival use over other tested materials.
Intrinsic and secondary epileptogenicity in focal cortical dysplasia type II
Authors: Macdonald‐Laurs Emma , Warren Aaron E. L. , Lee Wei Shern , Yang Joseph Yuan‐Mou , MacGregor Duncan , Lockhart Paul J. , Leventer Richard J. , Neal Andrew , Harvey A. Simon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveFavorable seizure outcome is reported following resection of bottom‐of‐sulcus dysplasia (BOSD). We assessed the distribution of epileptogenicity and dysplasia in and around BOSD to better understand this clinical outcome and the optimal surgical approach.MethodsWe studied 27 children and adolescents with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐positive BOSD who underwent epilepsy surgery; 85% became seizure‐free postresection (median = 5.0 years follow‐up). All patients had resection of the dysplastic sulcus, and 11 had additional resection of the gyral crown (GC) or adjacent gyri (AG). Markers of epileptogenicity were relative cortical hypometabolism on preoperative 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), and spiking, ripples, fast ripples, spike–high‐frequency oscillation cross‐rate, and phase amplitude coupling (PAC) on preresection and postresection electrocorticography (ECoG), all analyzed at the bottom‐of‐sulcus (BOS), top‐of‐sulcus (TOS), GC, and AG. Markers of dysplasia were increased cortical thickness on preoperative MRI, and dysmorphic neuron density and variant allele frequency of somatic MTOR mutations in resected tissue, analyzed at similar locations.ResultsRelative cortical metabolism was significantly reduced and ECoG markers were significantly increased at the BOS compared to other regions. Apart from spiking and PAC, which were greater at the TOS compared to the GC, there were no significant differences in PET and other ECoG markers between the TOS, GC, and AG, suggesting a cutoff of epileptogenicity at the TOS rather than a tapering gradient on the cortical surface. MRI and tissue markers of dysplasia were all maximal in the BOS, reduced in the TOS, and mostly absent in the GC. Spiking and PAC reduced significantly over the GC after resection of the dysplastic sulcus.SignificanceThese findings support the concept that dysplasia and intrinsic epileptogenicity are mostly limited to the dysplastic sulcus in BOSD and support resection or ablation confined to the MRI‐visible lesion as a first‐line surgical approach. 18F‐FDG PET and ECoG abnormalities in surrounding cortex seem to be secondary phenomena.
Machine learning methods in finance: Recent applications and prospects
Authors: Hoang Daniel , Wiegratz Kevin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study how researchers can apply machine learning (ML) methods in finance. We first establish that the two major categories of ML (supervised and unsupervised learning) address fundamentally different problems than traditional econometric approaches. Then, we review the current state of research on ML in finance and identify three archetypes of applications: (i) the construction of superior and novel measures, (ii) the reduction of prediction error, and (iii) the extension of the standard econometric toolset. With this taxonomy, we give an outlook on potential future directions for both researchers and practitioners. Our results suggest many benefits of ML methods compared to traditional approaches and indicate that ML holds great potential for future research in finance.
An inception‐ResNet deep learning approach to classify tumours in the ovary as benign and malignant
Authors: Kodipalli Ashwini , Guha Srirupa , Dasar Santosh , Ismail Taha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe classification of tumours into benign and malignant continues to date to be a very relevant and significant research topic in the cancer research domain. With the advent of Computer Vision and rapid developments in the fields of deep learning, as well as medical devices and instruments, researchers are therefore utilizing the state‐of‐the‐art deep learning architectures to discover patterns in the medical image data and thereby use this information to detect tumours and classify them as benign or malignant. In this paper, we propose a custom state‐of‐the‐art deep learning architecture, the Inception‐ResNet v2 for the classification of ovarian tumours into the two categories of benign and malignant based on a custom dataset with a validation accuracy of 97.5% and a test accuracy of 67%. Furthermore, a quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN) was also implemented with an accuracy of 92% on the validation dataset.
Associations among parent technology use, locus of control, and child problem behaviors
Authors: Dworkin Jodi , Sun Xiaoran , LeBouef Samantha , Keyzers Angela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe current study had two objectives: (a) describe demographic differences in parent technology use and (b) explore how parent technology use contributes to parent locus of control and how locus of control is associated with child problem behaviors.BackgroundThe ubiquitous use of technology is likely to influence parenting and, in turn, children's outcomes. This study was designed to test the pathway from parents' technology use to children's problem behaviors through their locus of control for parenting.MethodParticipants were 316 U.S. parents (36% fathers; Mage = 41.93 years), recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, with at least one child aged 10 to 18 years. Structural equation models were estimated to test the hypothesized paths.Results and ConclusionFathers and lower income parents reported significantly less frequent online information gathering and parents of color reported significantly more frequent calling and texting and social networking than White parents. Parents' texting and calling was positively, and online information gathering negatively, linked to child problem behaviors through parental locus of control.ImplicationsUnderstanding how diverse parents are using technology for parenting, and which online tools are effective for supporting parents is essential to developing online resources to support families.
Effects of microstructure on crack initiation in super martensitic stainless steel under very‐high‐cycle fatigue at elevated temperature
Authors: Li Xue , He Chao , Wang Xiangyu , Chen Yao , Wang Chong , Zhang Hong , Li Lang , Liu Yongjie , Wang Qingyuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study envisaged the behavior and relevant crack initiation mechanism of super martensitic stainless steel (0Cr13Ni5Mo) at elevated temperature (ET) under very‐high‐cycle fatigue (VHCF). Fractographic analysis revealed that all the VHCF cracks of the failure specimens initiated from the surface and formed fine granular area (FGA) morphology at ET in an absence of vacuum. The initiation characteristic area (ICA) consisted of an initiation site, a relatively smooth area, and the annular continuous FGA. FGA was formed in the peaks and valleys of local microstructures, and the smooth regions connected these peaks and valleys dominated by shear stress. It was observed that the FGA was unevenly distributed on the crack surface related to the local microstructure and below the grain surface relevant to local strain distribution. The stress intensity factor (SIF) and the crack tip plastic zone of the ICA slightly changed with temperature.