bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesh-Informed Neural Networks for Operator Learning in Finite Element Spaces
Authors: Franco Nicola Rares , Manzoni Andrea , Zunino Paolo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThanks to their universal approximation properties and new efficient training strategies, Deep Neural Networks are becoming a valuable tool for the approximation of mathematical operators. In the present work, we introduce Mesh-Informed Neural Networks (MINNs), a class of architectures specifically tailored to handle mesh based functional data, and thus of particular interest for reduced order modeling of parametrized Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The driving idea behind MINNs is to embed hidden layers into discrete functional spaces of increasing complexity, obtained through a sequence of meshes defined over the underlying spatial domain. The approach leads to a natural pruning strategy which enables the design of sparse architectures that are able to learn general nonlinear operators. We assess this strategy through an extensive set of numerical experiments, ranging from nonlocal operators to nonlinear diffusion PDEs, where MINNs are compared against more traditional architectures, such as classical fully connected Deep Neural Networks, but also more recent ones, such as DeepONets and Fourier Neural Operators. Our results show that MINNs can handle functional data defined on general domains of any shape, while ensuring reduced training times, lower computational costs, and better generalization capabilities, thus making MINNs very well-suited for demanding applications such as Reduced Order Modeling and Uncertainty Quantification for PDEs.
A brief overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its management strategies: a recent update
Authors: Das Alakesh , Pathak Surajit , Premkumar Madhavi , Sarpparajan Chitra Veena , Balaji Esther Raichel , Duttaroy Asim K. , Banerjee Antara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has become a global health crisis, inflicting substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. A diverse range of symptoms, including fever, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue, characterizes COVID-19. A cytokine surge can exacerbate the disease’s severity. This phenomenon involves an increased immune response, marked by the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFNγ, leading to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Efforts to reduce the cytokine surge and its associated complications have garnered significant attention. Standardized management protocols have incorporated treatment strategies, with corticosteroids, chloroquine, and intravenous immunoglobulin taking the forefront. The recent therapeutic intervention has also assisted in novel strategies like repurposing existing medications and the utilization of in vitro drug screening methods to choose effective molecules against viral infections. Beyond acute management, the significance of comprehensive post-COVID-19 management strategies, like remedial measures including nutritional guidance, multidisciplinary care, and follow-up, has become increasingly evident. As the understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis deepens, it is becoming increasingly evident that a tailored approach to therapy is imperative. This review focuses on effective treatment measures aimed at mitigating COVID-19 severity and highlights the significance of comprehensive COVID-19 management strategies that show promise in the battle against COVID-19.
miRNA as biomarker in lung cancer
Authors: Lobera Esperanza Salcedo , Varela Macarena Arroyo , Jimenez Rafael Larrosa , Moreno Rocio Bautista 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLung cancer has a high prevalence and mortality due to its late diagnosis and limited treatment, so it is essential to find biomarkers that allow a faster diagnosis and improve the survival of these patients. In this sense, biomarkers based on miRNAs have supposed a considerable advance. miRNAs, which are small RNA sequences, can regulate gene expression, so they play an essential role not only as a diagnostic biomarker but also as a therapeutic and prognostic one. Also, miRNA biomarkers can be obtained from liquid biopsies, which are less intrusive than lung biopsies, and have better accessibility, safety and repeatability, which allows using those biomarkers both for diagnosis and monitoring of patients. In this review, we highlight the importance of miRNAs and collect the existing evidence of their relationship with lung cancer.
Gesture, meaning, and intentionality: from radical to pragmatist enactive theory of language
Authors: Baggio Guido 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article argues in favour of a pragmatist enactive interpretation of the emergence of the symbolic and contentful mind from a basic form of social communicative interaction in which basic cognitive capacities are involved. Through a critical overview of Radical Enactivists (RECers)’ view about language, the article focuses on Mead’s pragmatist behavioural theory of meaning that refers to the gestural conversation as the origin of the evolution of linguistic conversation. The article develops as follows. After exposing the main elements of REC’s theory of cognition and language that involve the construction of a theory of natural signs (teleosemiotics) and basic directionality (Ur-intentionality), some critical points of Hutto and Myin’s proposal will be highlighted. To foster a continuist perspective of language, the behavioural theory of meaning and language that Mead develops from the notion of gesture will be analysed. His theory is akin to REC and could augment the bare bones of REC’s sketched perspective, helping to include Ur-intentionality in a broader non-dualistic phylogenetic and ontogenetic theory of symbolic language from gestural communication, thus helping to overcome the distinction between a content-less intentionality and a content-involving intentionality, i.e., a semantic propositional intentionality. Furthermore, a recent revival of Mead’s theory testifies to its up-to-date relevance to explain the innate social dimension of human and non-human animals, and the human communicative capacity through the conditioning of bio-social canons and structures.
International Student Mobility and Academic Performance: Does Timing Matter?
Authors: Granja Cintia Denise , Visentin Fabiana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe examine the impact of credit mobility exchange programs’ timing on students’ academic performance, focusing on the moment in which students travel and the length of the period spent abroad. To provide causal evidence, we exploit unique data from more than 10,000 students from a well-known and internationalized Brazilian university from 2010 to 2020. By combing Propensity Score Matching with Difference in Differences techniques, we find that international mobility impacts groups of students differently. Students who travel closer to the end of their undergraduate courses benefit the most from the mobility experience, while negative effects are found for those who travel at the beginning of their university program. Results also show that, while student mobility impacts positively and significantly students who participate in programs lasting from one semester to 1 year, negative effects are associated with shorter periods abroad. Our findings also reveal heterogeneity across destination countries. Mobility has a positive impact on students’ grades for those students traveling to English-speaking countries. Our analysis presents empirical evidence that can be used to design international student mobility programs, providing insights to policymakers engaged in maximizing their effects.
Parenthood and Job Quality: Is There a Motherhood Penalty in the UK?
Authors: Jones Laura , Cook Rose , Connolly Sara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCurrent research recognises the role of parenthood in contributing to gender inequalities at work. Meanwhile, there is a growing interest in job quality. We contribute to both these debates by analysing differences in job quality by gender and parenthood status, using data from a nationally representative UK household survey. We develop a 12-indicator, multi-dimensional measure of job quality and use this to analyse the combination and distribution of job quality attributes by gender and parenthood status. Our analysis shows that women and mothers are under-represented in high quality jobs and over-represented in poor quality jobs. While some mothers sacrifice career prospects for flexibility, motherhood is not always associated with more flexibility, and job quality disadvantages are multi-faceted. Working part time is a strong driver of job quality differences, suggesting that reduced hours after motherhood impacts on job quality in addition to worsening women’s pay. Job quality gaps are larger for mothers of school-aged children, pointing to the additional constraints of managing work and childcare around the school day.
Fake news and epistemic flooding
Authors: Anderau Glenn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe advance of the internet and social media has had a drastic impact on our epistemic environment. This paper will focus on two different risks epistemic agents face online: being exposed to fake news and epistemic flooding. While the first risk is widely known and has been extensively discussed in the philosophical literature, the notion of ‘epistemic flooding’ is a novel concept introduced in this paper. Epistemic flooding occurs when epistemic agents find themselves in epistemic environments in which they are routinely confronted with more information and evidence than they can diligently process. Epistemic flooding is one of the most significant risks epistemic agents run while using social media and one of the reasons why the first risk (being exposed to fake news) is especially pernicious. It is particularly harmful if one ascribes to the Spinozan model of belief acquisition in which belief comes easy. Mitigating the combined threat of fake news and epistemic flooding requires us to think normatively about our epistemic environments and how to better them. This paper turns to the normative framework of epistemic environmentalism in order to accomplish this.
Utility of noninvasive biomarker testing and MRI to predict a prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Sultan Mark I. , Huynh Linda M. , Kamil Sarah , Abdelaziz Ahmad , Hammad Muhammed A. , Gin Greg E. , Lee David I. , Youssef Ramy F 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the diagnostic performance and utility of the ExoDx IntelliScore and an OPKO4K score to predict prostate cancer in men presenting with elevated PSA—both as independent predictors and in combination with clinical/MRI characteristics.

Methods
Patients with elevated PSA were retrospectively reviewed. Abnormal tests were defined as an OPKO4K score ≥ 7.5% and an ExoDx IntelliScore ≥ 15.6. Four regression models and ROC curves were generated based on: (1) age, PSA, and DRE, (2) model 1 + OPKO4K 4Kscore ≥ 7.5%, (3) model 2 + ExoDx IntelliScore ≥ 15.6, and (4) model 3 + MRI PIRADS 4–5.

Results
359 men received an OPKO4K test, 307 had MRI and 113 had ExoDx tests. 163 men proceeded to prostate biopsy and 196 (55%) were saved from biopsy. Mean age was 65.0 ± 8.7 years and mean PSA was 7.1 ± 6.1 ng/mL. Positive biopsies were found in 84 (51.5%) men. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of an OPKO4K score were 86.7% and 72.3%; values for an ExoDx test were 76.5% and 77.1%, respectively. On regression analysis, clinical markers (Age, PSA, DRE) generated an AUC of 0.559. The addition of an OPKO4K score raised the AUC to 0.653. The stepwise addition of an ExoDx score raised the AUC to 0.766. The combined use of both biomarkers, patient characteristics, and MRI yielded an AUC of 0.825.

Conclusion
This analysis demonstrates the high negative predictive value of both the OPKO4K score and ExoDX IntelliScore independently while demonstrating that the combination of an OPKO4K score, an ExoDX IntelliScore, and MRI increases predictive capability for biopsy confirmed prostate cancer.
Randomized trial to assess the potential role of ascorbic acid and statin for post-contrast acute kidney injury prevention
Authors: Hashem Abdelwahab , Laymon Mahmoud , Elgamal Mostafa , Hegazy Mohammed , Elmeniar A. M. , Refaie Huda , Osman Yasser 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of using statins and ascorbic acid for the prevention of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) in patients undergoing urologic diagnostic elective contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).

Methods
This registered trial (NCT03391830) was for statin naïve patients underwent elective CECT. Patients were randomized allocated to two groups: the first group received atorvastatin 80-mg the day before the study and atorvastatin 40-mg two hours before the CECT and for continue on atorvastatin 40-mg two days after CECT; plus ascorbic acid 500 mg with atorvastatin. The other group received two tablets of placebo once/daily before the procedure and for another 3 days. The primary outcome was to assess the incidence PC-AKI.

Results
The baseline parameters were comparable between both groups. The final median (interquartile range “IQR”) serum creatinine were 0.80 (0.60, 1.00) and 0.80 (0.60, 1.00), respectively, with insignificant p-value (p = 0.8). The median (IQR) final estimated GFR were 95.2 (72.8, 108.1) and 88.6 (71.9, 111.0) mL/min in placebo and statin plus ascorbic acid groups, respectively (p = 0.48). The eGFR difference median (IQR) were − 6.46 (− 11.72, − 4.18) and − 6.57 (− 13.38, − 3.82) ml/min in placebo and statin plus ascorbic acid groups, respectively (p = 0.58). PC-AKI occurred in 11 patients (9.8%) in placebo group and in 3 patients (3%) in statin plus ascorbic acid group (p = 0.04).

Conclusions
Statin and ascorbic acid did not statistically improve neither serum creatinine nor eGFR values in patient underwent CECT. However, it can decrease the incidence of the clinically insignificant PC-AKI.
Influence of nutrition and food on sleep—is there evidence?
Authors: Netzer Nikolaus C. , Strohl Kingman P. , Pramsohler Stephan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The influence of sleep disorders on metabolism, especially concerning obesity and diabetes, as well as obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, has been widely investigated. However, the effect of nutrition and the intake of certain foods on sleep has only recently gained attention. In recent years, there have been publications on intake of certain foods and certain diets regarding their influence on sleep, as well as activity of adipocytes and their effect on production of sleep hormones.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a PubMed search using the key words “sleep,” “sleep disorders,” “nutrition,” “food,” and “food intake” published from 2012 to 2022. We excluded by consensus all articles with diets and exercise programs or bariatric surgery for weight loss to treat sleep apnea, all articles on connections between sleep disorders and metabolic disorders, and articles concerning the influence of drugs on neuroactive substances.

Results
Of the 4155 publications revealed, 988 had nutrition, metabolism, and sleep as the primary topic of research. Of these 988 publications, only 26 fulfilled the content requirements concerning the influence of certain food and diets on sleep or sleep disorders, including the influence of the gastrointestinal system and adipocytes on sleep hormones. None of the investigations revealed clear evidence of an effect of a certain diet or food on sleep. Epidemiologic surveys suggest that shortened or fragmented sleep and chronotype in adults influence nutrition and fat metabolism. Additionally, there is evidence that adipocyte signaling influences neuronal mediators and hormones of the sleep-wake cycle.

Conclusion
There is no evidence of a direct influence of certain nutrition or food intake on sleep. Obesity via adipocyte signaling may influence the sleep-wake cycle, though the molecular research on this topic is based on animal studies.
Incentives for cooperation in groups: sociality meets decision rights
Authors: Butz Britta , Alvarez Pablo Guillen , Harbring Christine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate the effect of a donation incentive tied to contributions to a public good when group members can decide on the size of their donation. An up to 20% donation of the public good was implemented either exogenously or endogenously by group members. In the Vote treatment, groups could either decide in favor of or against a donation of 20% of the public good; in the Vote Share treatment, subjects could decide on a donation share of between 0 and 20%. Results show that a large percentage of the participants vote in favor of implementing a donation share in both treatments. In groups voting in favor of a 20% donation share or endogenously implementing a high donation share in the Vote Share treatment contributions to the public good are higher compared to an exogenously implemented donation share.
1H, 13C, and 15N NMR chemical shift assignment of LytM N-terminal domain (residues 26–184)
Authors: Pitkänen Ilona , Tossavainen Helena , Permi Perttu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is a growing problem and a global threat for modern healthcare. New approaches complementing the traditional antibiotic drugs are urgently needed to secure the ability to treat bacterial infections also in the future. Among the promising alternatives are bacteriolytic enzymes, such as the cell wall degrading peptidoglycan hydrolases. Staphylococcus aureus LytM, a Zn2+-dependent glycyl-glycine endopeptidase of the M23 family, is one of the peptidoglycan hydrolases. It has a specificity towards staphylococcal peptidoglycan, making it an interesting target for antimicrobial studies. LytM hydrolyses the cell wall of S. aureus, a common pathogen with multi-resistant strains that are difficult to treat, such as the methicillin-resistant S. aureus, MRSA. Here we report the 1H, 15N and 13C chemical shift assignments of S. aureus LytM N-terminal domain and linker region, residues 26–184. These resonance assignments can provide the basis for further studies such as elucidation of structure and interactions.
Synergist for antitumor therapy: Astragalus polysaccharides acting on immune microenvironment
Authors: Xu Qian , Cheng Wen , Wei Jinrui , Ou Yan , Xiao Xian , Jia Yingjie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVarious new treatments are emerging constantly in anti-tumor therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, the efficacy is still not satisfactory. Astragalus polysaccharide is an important bioactive component derived from the dry root of Radix astragali. Studies found that astragalus polysaccharides have gained great significance in increasing the sensitivity of anti-tumor treatment, reducing the side effects of anti-tumor treatment, reversing the drug resistance of anti-tumor drugs, etc. In this review, we focused on the role of astragalus polysaccharides in tumor immune microenvironment. We reviewed the immunomodulatory effect of astragalus polysaccharides on macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. We found that astragalus polysaccharides can promote the activities of macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes and induce the expression of a variety of cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, we summarized the clinical applications of astragalus polysaccharides in patients with digestive tract tumors. We summarized the effective mechanism of astragalus polysaccharides on digestive tract tumors, including apoptosis induction, proliferation inhibition, immunoactivity regulation, enhancement of the anticancer effect and chemosensitivity. Therefore, in view of the multiple functions of astragalus polysaccharides in tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical efficacy, the combination of astragalus polysaccharides with antitumor therapy such as immunotherapy may provide new sparks to the bottleneck of current treatment methods.
Patient Engagement and Patient Experience Data in Regulatory Review and Health Technology Assessment: A Global Landscape Review
Authors: Bertelsen Neil , Dewulf Lode , Ferrè Silvia , Vermeulen Rebecca , Schroeder Karlin , Gatellier Laureline , Sargeant Ify , Luzuriaga Daniela , Chapman Hayley , Brooke Nicholas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Working with patients through meaningful patient engagement (PE) and incorporating patient experience data (PXD) is increasingly important in medicines and medical device development. However, PE in the planning, organization, generation, and interpretation of PXD within regulatory and health technology assessment (HTA) decision-making processes remains challenging. We conducted a global review of the PE and PXD landscape to identify evolving resources by geography to support and highlight the potential of integration of PE and PXD in regulatory assessment and HTA.

Methods
A review of literature/public information was conducted (August 2021–January 2023), led by a multistakeholder group comprising those with lived or professional experience of PE and PXD, to identify relevant regulatory and HTA initiatives and resources reviewed and categorized by geography and focus area.

Results
Overall, 53 relevant initiatives/resources were identified (global, 14; North America, 11; Europe, 11; Asia, nine; UK, six; Latin America, one; Africa, one). Most focused either on PE (49%) or PXD (28%); few (11%) mentioned both PE and PXD (as largely separate activities) or demonstrated an integration of PE and PXD (11%).

Conclusions
Our analysis demonstrates increasing interest in PE, PXD, and guidance on their use individually in decision-making. However, more work is needed to offer guidance on maximizing the value of patient input into decisions by combining both PE and PXD into regulatory and HTA processes; the necessity of integrating PE in the design and interpretation of PXD programs should be highlighted. A co-created framework to achieve this integration is part of a future project.
Investigation of Interhemispheric Asymmetry of the Thermospheric Composition Observed by GOLD During the First Strong Geomagnetic Storm in Solar‐Cycle 25, 1: IMF By Effects
Authors: Yu Tingting , Cai Xuguang , Ren Zhipeng , Wang Zihan , Pedatella Nicholas. M. , Jin Yaqi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn interhemispheric asymmetry of thermospheric Oxygen (O) to Nitrogen (N2) column density ratio (∑O/N2) variations was observed by the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) during the 3–5 November 2021 geomagnetic storm. ∑O/N2 depletion is more equatorward in the local morning than in the local afternoon in the northern hemisphere (NH), while more equatorward in the local afternoon than the local morning in the southern hemisphere (SH). The Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model simulations reproduced the observed ∑O/N2 asymmetry. The impacts of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) east‐west component (By) on the interhemispheric asymmetry of ∑O/N2 depletion was investigated. Comparisons of simulation results with and without real By show that the dominant positive IMF By results in the Joule heating maximum occurring in the local afternoon of NH and local morning in the SH during the storm initial phase, which generates the corresponding ∑O/N2 changes. Additionally, the IMF By during this storm are more crucial in the SH than in the NH. Without By, equatorward penetration of the ∑O/N2 depletion in GOLD Field of View are almost same in the SH. However, in the NH, there is still more equatorward depletion in the local morning than the local afternoon without By.