bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional distribution in female representation in US otolaryngology faculty
Authors: Wang Esther , Diaz Ashley , Khan Maha L. , Blair Elizabeth A. , Shogan Andrea N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo quantify the current proportion of women in otolaryngology at different levels of professorship and determine whether these proportions differ by US region.MethodsAcademic rank and gender at all ACGME‐accredited otolaryngology programs in the United States were determined from departmental websites, Doximity, and LinkedIn from November 2021 to March 2022. Individuals were then further organized using US Census Bureau‐designated regions.ResultsAmong the 2682 faculty positions at 124 ACGME‐accredited programs, women held 706 (26.3%) of these positions. Female representation was highest at the assistant professorship level, with women holding 286 (37.2%) positions out of a total 769. At the associate professorship level, women held 141 (27.6%) of the 511 total positions. The largest gender disparity is seen at the full professorship level; only 69 (13.6%) positions out of 508 were held by women. Out of every region and rank, only assistant professorship in the West had no significant difference in percentages of men and women (p = .710). Female representation of professors in the Northeast was significantly lower than that of our reference group (the South; β = −10.9, p = .020).ConclusionsOtolaryngology has exhibited great progress in increasing female representation, with assistant professorship in the West reaching gender parity. However, the gender gap at other faculty levels still leaves much to be desired, particularly in senior ranks. The lack of otolaryngologists at senior ranks is detrimental to mentorship of junior faculty, residents, and medical students. Renewed efforts should be made to decrease the gender disparity in the South, Northeast, and particularly at the professorship level.
Conceptualizing and redefining successful patient engagement in patient advisory councils in learning health networks
Authors: Huwe Madeleine , Woolf Becky , David Jennie , Seid Michael , Saeed Shehzad , Margolis Peter ,   ImproveCareNow Pediatric IBD Learning Health System
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionPatient engagement has historically referenced engagement in one's healthcare, with more recent definitions expanding patient engagement to encompass patient advocacy work in Learning Health Networks (LHNs). Efforts to conceptualize and define what patient engagement means—and what successful patient engagement means—are, however, lacking and a barrier to meaningful and sustainable patient engagement via patient advisory councils (PACs) across LHNs.MethodsSeveral co‐authors (Madeleine Huwe, Becky Woolf, Jennie David) are former ImproveCareNow (ICN) PAC members, and we integrate a narrative review of the extant literature and a case study of our lived experiences as former ICN PAC members. We present nuanced themes of successful patient engagement from our lived experiences on ICN's PAC, with illustrative quotes from other PAC members, and then propose themes and metrics to consider in patient engagement across LHNs.ResultsSuccessful patient engagement in our experiences with ICN's PAC reaches beyond the “levels of engagement” previously described in the literature. We posit that our successful patient/PAC engagement experiences with ICN represent key mechanisms that could be applied across LHNs, including (1) personal growth for PAC members, (2) PAC internal engagement/community, (3) PAC engagement and presence within the LHN, (4) local institutional engagement for those who participate in the LHN, and (5) tangible resources/products from PAC members.ConclusionPatient engagement in LHNs, like ICN, holds significant power to meaningfully shape and co‐produce healthcare systems, and engagement is undervalued and conceptualized dichotomously (eg, engaged or not engaged). Reconceptualizing successful patient/PAC engagement is critical in ongoing efforts to study, support, and understand mechanisms of sustainable and successful patient engagement. Having a modern, multidimensional definition for successful patient engagement in LHNs can support efforts to increase underrepresented voices in PACs, measure and track successful multidimensional patient engagement, and study how successful patient engagement may impact outcomes for patients and LHNs.
Manufacturer encroachment strategies and decision timing considering the product traceability preferences under e‐commerce
Authors: Li Zengxian , Liu Aijun , Li Jiaxin , Xiong Jiamin , Lu Hui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBlockchain technology is applied for product traceability in e‐commerce supply chains. In this context, the paper investigates the channel problem and decision timing problem considering product traceability. Using game‐theoretic framework, the manufacturer encroachment strategies, order quantities and profits under different channel structure, and traceability level are characterized. Research shows that selling traceability products can expand potential market demand and increase the sales volume of products and the profits of manufacturers and retailers. Under encroachment, members with information advantage can maximize their own profits. Additionally, manufacturers can regain the high ground by adjusting traceability levels to influence wholesale prices.
Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in lower extremity free tissue transfers
Authors: McMains Conner J. , Mather Tara L. , Adamson Karri A. , Whitfield Robert , Doren Erin L. , Hettinger Patrick C. , LoGiudice John A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) an immunologically mediated reaction to heparin products, can lead to severe thrombocytopenia and potentially life‐threatening thrombotic events. In microsurgery, a missed or delayed diagnosis of HIT can cause complications requiring revision operations, flap loss, or limb loss. Surgeons must remain vigilant for this uncommon yet potentially devastating condition and keep abreast of management strategies.MethodsCPT and ICD‐10 codes in electronic medical records were used to collect demographic information, clinical courses, and outcomes for patients with a HIT diagnosis who underwent lower extremity free tissue transfer in one institution.ResultsThe authors' institution performed 415 lower extremity free flaps in 411 patients during the 10‐year study period. Flap salvage rate was 71% for compromised lower extremity flaps without HIT, and 25% in those with HIT. Four patients (four flaps) met study inclusion criteria during the study period. Three of the four flaps failed and were later debrided; one was rescued after a takeback for anastomosis revision. Two patients successfully underwent a delayed second free flap procedure after recovery, and one was salvaged with a pedicled muscle flap.ConclusionsSurgeons should monitor for HIT by establishing coagulation panel and platelet count baselines and trending these values in the early post‐operative period for patients treated with heparin products. The 4T score can be used to screen for HIT with high clinical suspicion. Arterial thrombosis or poor flap perfusion despite sound microvascular technique could suggest HIT. Surgical and medical management including strict heparin avoidance can prevent adverse events for these patients.
Technical note: Multi‐MATE, a high‐throughput platform for automated image‐guided small‐animal irradiation
Authors: Jiang Lu , Ramesh Pavitra , Neph Ryan , Sheng Ke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSmall animal irradiation is essential to study the radiation response of new interventions before or parallel to human therapy. Image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) are recently adopted in small animal irradiation to more closely mimic human treatments. However, sophisticated techniques require exceedingly high time, resources, and expertize that are often impractical.PurposeWe propose a high throughput and high precision platform named Multiple Mouse Automated Treatment Environment (Multi‐MATE) to streamline image‐guided small animal irradiation.MethodsMulti‐MATE consists of six parallel and hexagonally arranged channels, each equipped with a transfer railing, a 3D‐printed immobilization pod, and an electromagnetic control unit, computer‐controlled via an Arduino interface. The mouse immobilization pods are transferred along the railings between the home position outside the radiation field and the imaging/irradiation position at the irradiator isocenter. All six immobilization pods are transferred to the isocenter in the proposed workflow for parallel CBCT scans and treatment planning. The immobilization pods are then sequentially transported to the imaging/therapy position for dose delivery. The positioning reproducibility of Multi‐MATE are evaluated using CBCT and radiochromic films.ResultsWhile parallelizing and automating the image‐guided small animal radiation delivery, Multi‐MATE achieved the average pod position reproducibility of 0.17 ± 0.04 mm in the superior–inferior direction, 0.20 ± 0.04 mm in the left–right direction, and 0.12 ± 0.02mm in the anterior–posterior direction in repeated CBCT tests. Additionally, in image‐guided dose delivery tasks, Multi‐MATE demonstrated the positioning reproducibility of 0.17 ± 0.06 mm in the superior–inferior direction, 0.19 ± 0.06 mm in the left–right direction.ConclusionsWe designed, fabricated, and tested a novel automated irradiation platform, Multi‐MATE to accelerate and automate image‐guided small animal irradiation. The automated platform minimizes human operation and achieves high setup reproducibility and image‐guided dose delivery accuracy. Multi‐MATE thus removes a major barrier to implementing high‐precision preclinical radiation research.
PIK3CA mutation subtype delineates distinct immune profiles in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Choi Sangjoon , Kim Hyunjin , Heo You Jeoung , Kang So Young , Ahn Soomin , Lee Jeeyun , Kim Kyoung‐Mee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPIK3CA mutations in cancer regulate tumour immunogenicity. Given that PIK3CA mutation subtypes influence therapeutic responses to AKT inhibitor and that H1047R mutation confers selective growth advantages after immunotherapy, we hypothesised that immune phenotypes may depend on PIK3CA mutation subtypes. We investigated 133 gastric cancers (GCs) harbouring PIK3CA mutation [21 E542K (15.8%), 36 E545X (27.1%), 26 H1047X (19.5%), and 46 others (34.6%)]. Four patients (3.0%) had a combination of mutations (E542K + E545K in 3 patients and E545K + H1047R in 1 patient). Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and microsatellite instability (MSI) status, PD‐L1 (programmed death‐ligand 1) combined positive score (CPS), and stromal tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were assessed. Concurrent genomic alterations, GeoMx digital spatial profiling (DSP), and OPAL multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) were analysed, and correlation between the two assays was investigated. Of the 133 PIK3CA‐mutant (PIK3CAm) GCs, MSI‐high GC was significantly frequent in the H1047X mutation subtype (p = 0.005), while EBV positivity did not affect the mutation subtypes. There was no significant survival difference between the E542K, E545X, and H1047X subgroups. However, in the subgroup analysis for EBV‐positive GC, H1047Xm GC showed a trend towards shorter survival than E542K and E545Xm GC (p = 0.090 and 0.062). With DSP analysis, H1047Xm GC showed elevated VISTA (p = 0.0003), granzyme B (p < 0.0001), CD4 (p = 0.0001), and CD45 (p < 0.0001) expression compared with the E542Km or E545Xm GC subgroups, and only VISTA expression remained significant (p < 0.0001) using OPAL mIHC. DSP and OPAL analyses showed a moderate correlation of CD4 (ρ = 0.42, p = 0.004) and CD8 (ρ = 0.62, p < 0.001) expression levels in a comparison of six antibodies. Immune‐related protein expression levels were evident when classified by the three PIK3CA hotspot mutations, and H1047Xm GC showed the highest immune‐related protein expression compared with E542Km or E545Xm GC. Our results demonstrated distinct immune profiles in GC with PIK3CA hotspot mutations using GeoMx DSP and OPAL mIHC, and there was a correlation between the two multiplex platforms. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Thermal conductivity controlled by a segregated network prepared using carbon nanotube/polyamide 6 composite with glass bubbles
Authors: Kang Gu‐Hyeok , Shim Yoon‐Bo , Kim Myungsoo , Park Young‐Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, a carbon nanotube‐glass bubble/polyamide 6 (CNT‐GB/PA6) multiscale hybrid composite was manufactured. Through a coagulation process including CNT and GB, a segregated network was formed to produce a composite structure with tunable thermal conductivity. Within the segregated network structure, a complex phenomenon of decrease and increase in thermal conductivity owing to the interaction by CNT and GB, and an equation to predict thermal conductivity through the contents of GB and CNT was formulated. A model to predict the thermal conductivity using the RSM analysis was presented, and the contents of GB and CNT were adjusted according to the required thermal conductivity. It was confirmed through the LFA thermal conductivity measurement that the thermal conductivity increased with GB and CNT contents. Moreover, when 30% of GB was added to the 5 wt% CNT composite, the thermal conductivity increased by about 17%. However, in the experiment to confirm the effect of GB alone, it was confirmed that the thermal conductivity decreased as the GB content increased. Thus, the size of the structural path, which was controlled by the GB content through which electrons pass, played an important role in this study. The results of this study can be used in astronautic fields that require insulation to save energy and in construction engineering where thermal insulation and heat emission are important.
Comments on “Identification of micro‐failure processes of HDPE‐henequen fiber composite material by using acoustic emission monitoring: Effect of fiber surface modification”
Authors: Anaya‐Ramírez R. C. , Rios‐Soberanis C. R. , Herrera‐Franco P. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article authors emphasize, with solid scientific foundations, the relevance of essential work of fracture (EWF) to obtain fracture toughness in natural fiber reinforced composites presented on paper “Identification of micro‐failure processes of HDPE‐henequen fiber composite material by using acoustic emission monitoring: Effect of fiber surface modification” [Polymer Composites (2023)]. The significance of fiber/matrix interface adhesion relies strongly on chemical interactions, which is of great importance for composite's potential applications. Therefore, fiber surface modification implies a profound study where mechanical behavior must be characterized. Further vital information has been considered in this article to support the results on such studies.
Investigation of the effects of hybridization types and temperature on the quasi‐static indentation properties of glass/flax hybrid composites for various test speeds
Authors: Korkmaz Mehmet , Karakuzu Ramazan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHybridizing man‐made fiber composites with natural fibers has been chosen for numerous structural or semi‐structural applications over the last several decades. Even though several studies have been conducted to determine the mechanical properties of inter‐ply hybrid composites, the effects of hybridization on the out‐of‐plane mechanical properties of hybrid composites still need to be clarified. The mechanical properties of hybrid composites at low temperatures are another significant matter to be elucidated. In this study, E‐glass and flax yarns were used to produce woven fabrics to obtain intra‐ and inter‐ply hybrid composites. They were then subjected to the quasi‐static indentation test at −30°C, 25°C, and 60°C. It was concluded that, according to the hybridization type, an improvement or decrease can be obtained in the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. The contact force and energy absorption properties of pure glass composite could be increased at 8.88% and 3.87% proportions respectively, thanks to the intra‐ply hybrid composite‐1 in the study. Furthermore, the through‐thickness properties and damage mechanisms of hybrid composites were profoundly affected by the temperature.
A new strategy for improvement of interface and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites by grafting graphene oxide onto carbon fiber with hyperbranched polymers via thiol‐ene click chemistry
Authors: Xiong Min , Xiong Lei , Xiong Kun , Liu Fang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor the purpose of improving the interface and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, a new strategy was proposed to graft the graphene oxide (GO) onto carbon fiber (CF) surface fast and effectively via thiol‐ene click chemistry reaction using vinyl‐terminated hyperbranched polyester (VHBP) as bridging agent. The successful synthesis of the CF‐VHBP‐GO hybrid reinforcement was verified through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscope, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The simultaneous introduction of GO and hyperbranched polymers changed the fiber surface morphology and improved the wettability and surface energy of CF. Judging from the results of the micro‐droplet test, the interfacial shear strength for epoxy (EP) based composite reinforced with CF‐VHBP‐GO was significantly increased by 137.8% compared to untreated CF/EP composite owing to the synergistic effect of VHBP and GO. In addition, the tensile and flexural strength for CF‐VHBP‐GO/EP composite were improved by 47.6% and 65.8%, respectively, compared to untreated CF/EP composite, respectively. This work offers a promising technique for developing high‐performance CF composites with excellent interface properties.
Experimental evaluation on the synergistic effect of PC/ABS/DGEBA blend in fracture toughness enhancement of CFRP composites at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Jayarajan Aravind , Krishnan Kutty Elsy Bai Reby Roy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current study confirms that modified carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have higher fracture toughness than unmodified CFRP composites achieved by exploiting the synergistic effect of a polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) blend in toughening the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin. The CFRP composite specimens are tested at near cryogenic temperatures using TMA, DMA, and microcrack analysis to determine the best‐suited concentration of ABS in the PC/ABS blend. TMA and DMA results, as well as microcrack analysis at cryogenic temperatures (CT), confirm that the blend 90/10 is effective in reducing the brittle nature of DGEBA resin and increasing bond strength, resulting in the fracture toughness enhancement of CFRP specimens at CT. Further investigation of 90/10 modified CFRP (90/10 m‐CFRP) and unmodified CFRP specimens using Mode II fracture using ENF test and SEM analysis reveal significant reduction in brittle characteristics of matrix with increase in elongation at failure and fracture surface morphologies confirm nano web‐like structures bridging the CF layers, proving to improve fiber/matrix bond strength. This study concludes the effectiveness of hybrid PC/ABS blend in synergistically‐modifying DGEBA resin for improved fracture toughness of CFRP laminates across a wide temperature range (−150°C to 150°C).
A rare case of isolated right atrial enlargement and TBX5 mutation associated with Holt–Oram syndrome
Authors: Kikano Sandra D. , Belay Wubishet , Kavanaugh‐McHugh Ann 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHolt–Oram syndrome or atriodigital dysplasia is commonly associated with cardiac malformations, most often with defects of the muscular septum. We describe the case of a fetus referred for fetal cardiology evaluation in the setting of right atrial enlargement without tricuspid valve abnormalities with small muscular VSDs, and without other significant cardiac lesions. On serial fetal echocardiograms, isolated right atrial enlargement was persistent as was relative fetal bradycardia without apparent AV block or other signs of abnormal conduction. Limb or other anatomic abnormalities were also not visualized on prenatal scans. A postnatal diagnosis of Holt–Oram Syndrome was made. In the setting of isolated right atrial enlargement, we suggest a comprehensive sonographic search for upper limb abnormalities as well as genetic evaluation.
Prenatal testing for Imprinting Disorders: A clinical perspective
Authors: Dufke Andreas , Eggermann Thomas , Kagan Karl Oliver , Hoopmann Markus , Elbracht Miriam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImprinting Disorders (ImpDis) are a group of congenital conditions caused by aberrant imprinting resulting in disturbed expression of parentally imprinted genes. ImpDis are rarely associated with major malformations, but pre‐ and/or postnatal growth and nutrition are often affected. In some ImpDis, behavioral, developmental, metabolic and neurological symptoms might present in the perinatal context or later in life, and in single ImpDis, there is a higher risk of tumors in childhood. Prognosis depends in part on the molecular cause of each ImpDis, but due to high clinical variability and (epi)genetic mosaicism, predicting the clinical outcome of a pregnancy solely based on the underlying molecular disturbance is difficult. Therefore, interdisciplinary care and treatment approaches play an important role in the management and decision making of affected pregnancies, especially taking into account fetal imaging in addition to genetic findings. Prenatal findings influence perinatal management, and thereby improve the prognosis of ImpDis associated with severe but sometimes transient clinical complications in the neonatal period. Therefore, prenatal diagnosis can be crucial for appropriate management not only to the pregnancy itself but might also have a life‐long effect.
Experimental investigation of fibroin content in polymethyl methacrylate‐based membranes for removal of heavy metals in aqueous solutions
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad Usman , Mehdi Muhammad Shozab , Zaman Shafiq Uz , Younas Mohammad , Ullah Hezb , Aqif Muhammad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMembrane technology has recently been given extensive consideration for the treatment of effluent to remove suspended solids, organic compounds and inorganic contaminants such as heavy metals. The aim of this study was to prepare, characterize, and test membranes made of silk fibroin (SF) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blend with different wt% ratios (5%, 10%, and 15%), respectively. The membranes were prepared by phase inversion scheme using water as non‐solvent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to find chemical interactions between polymer matrix and fibroin. The mechanical property of synthesized membranes was also carried out. The surface roughness, and finger‐like pore geometry developed by impregnation of fibroin filler in membrane matrix were depicted by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Surface porosity improved from 4.5% ± 1.9% to 30.0% ± 2.8%, water contact angle reduced from 68° ± 3.0° to 38° ± 1.2°, and highest pure water permeation value (31 L m−2 h−1) was obtained with the addition of fibroin loading. The membrane showed a greater affinity for Cr(VI) in comparison with Pb(II). The highest % rejection was evaluated to be 83% and 56% for Cr(VI), and Pb(II) by utilizing 1.70 wt% fibroin filler in membrane composition, respectively.