bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat suitability of golden mahseer young ones (Tor putitora, Hamilton 1822) in Himalayan waters, India
Authors: Dhawan Bhawna , Sivakumar Kuppusammy , Johnson Jeyaraj Antony 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHabitat suitability refers to the mechanism that enables organisms to choose suitable habitats to survive. In the present study, we studied the habitat suitability of young golden mahseer (fingerlings and juveniles) in the streams of the Ramganga River, one of the prominent rivers of the western Himalaya. Different habitat types and microhabitat features were documented. Habitat suitability was evaluated by generating habitat suitability criteria curves in response to varying habitat availability and use by young golden mahseer during different seasons. Generalised linear modelling (GLM) was used to analyse environmental characteristics responsible for selecting golden mahseer habitats. We studied mahseer based on body size into two main classes, that is, fingerlings (1.5–10 cm) and juveniles (10–30 cm). Golden mahseer fingerlings preferred mean depth (0.1–0.6 m) and mean stream velocity (0–0.2 m/s) at stream reach dominated by diverse substrate compositions such as sand, gravel, and small cobbles. Similarly, juveniles preferred mean depth (0.1–1.5 m) and mean water velocity (0.1–0.5 m/s), with cobbles, bedrock, and sand dominating their habitats. The GLM results indicated that dissolved oxygen, temperature, and water velocity were the significant factors influencing habitat suitability. High dissolved oxygen positively influenced fingerlings, whereas moderate to high water velocity affected juveniles the most. Therefore, to understand the flow requirement for threatened species like golden mahseer, it is essential to characterise critical habitats and develop criteria based on habitat suitability curves.
CMOS Image Sensor for Broad Spectral Range with >90% Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Setälä Olli E. , Prest Martin J. , Stefanov Konstantin D. , Jordan Douglas , Soman Matthew R. , Vähänissi Ville , Savin Hele 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEven though the recent progress made in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors (CIS) has enabled numerous applications affecting our daily lives, the technology still relies on conventional methods such as antireflective coatings and ion‐implanted back‐surface field to reduce optical and electrical losses resulting in limited device performance. In this work, these methods are replaced with nanostructured surfaces and atomic layer deposited surface passivation. The results show that such surface nanoengineering applied to a commercial backside illuminated CIS significantly extends its spectral range and enhances its photosensitivity as demonstrated by >90% quantum efficiency in the 300–700 nm wavelength range. The surface nanoengineering also reduces the dark current by a factor of three. While the photoresponse uniformity of the sensor is seen to be slightly better, possible scattering from the nanostructures can lead to increased optical crosstalk between the pixels. The results demonstrate the vast potential of surface nanoengineering in improving the performance of CIS for a wide range of applications.
MoSe2@rGO as Highly Efficient Host and Catalyst for Li‐Organosulfide Battery
Authors: Wang Miao , Zheng Sichen , Fu Yongzhu , Guo Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrganosulfides are promising high‐capacity cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. However, sluggish kinetics and inferior utilization impede its practical application in batteries. Rationally designing redox mediators and identifying their active moieties remain formidable challenges. Currently, as a rising star of transition metal dichalcogenides, few‐layered MoSe2 decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (MoSe2@rGO) with high electronic conductivity and narrow energy band is used to manipulate electrocatalytic redox kinetics of organosulfides, thereby enhancing the battery performance. Here, an exotic MoSe2@rGO is reported with Se defects material obtained from 2D MoSe2 growing on rGO for Li‐dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide (Li‐PMTT) batteries. MoSe2@rGO with Se defects has a large specific surface area, and sufficient pores, as well as exce llent catalytic ability for organosulfides conversion reactions. Therefore, the PMTT@MoSe2@rGO cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 405 mAh g−1 in the first cycle at 0.5 C and can maintain 238.3 mAh g−1 specific capacity after 300 cycles. This work offers an understanding of organosulfides electrochemistry toward fast and durable performance, holding great promise for developing practically feasible lithium‐organosulfides battery material designs.
Environment‐Interactive Programmable Deformation of Electronically Innervated Synergistic Fluorescence‐Color/Shape Changeable Hydrogel Actuators
Authors: Xie Junni , Wei Shuxin , Lu Wei , Wu Shuangshuang , Zhang Yi , Wang Ruijia , Zhu Ning , Chen Tao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUtilization of life‐like hydrogels to replicate synergistic shape/color changeable behaviors of living organisms has been long envisaged to produce robust functional integrated soft actuators/robots. However, it remains challenging to construct such hydrogel systems with integrated functionality of remote, localized and environment‐interactive control over synergistic discoloration/actuation. Herein, inspired by the evolution‐optimized bioelectricity stimulus and multilayer structure of natural reptile skins, electronically innervated fluorescence‐color switchable hydrogel actuating systems with bio‐inspired multilayer structure comprising of responsive fluorescent hydrogel sheet and conductive Graphene/PDMS film with electrothermal effect is presented. Such rational structure enables remote control over synergistic fluorescence‐color and shape changes of the systems via the cascading “electrical trigger‐Joule heat generation‐hydrogel shrinkage” mechanism. Consequently, local/sequential control of discoloration/actuation are achieved due to the highly controllable electrical stimulus in terms of amplitude and circuit design. Furthermore, by joint use with acoustic sensors, soft chameleon robots with unprecedented environment‐interactive adaptation are demonstrated, which can intelligently sense environment signals to adjust their color/shape‐changeable behaviors. This work opens previously unidentified avenues for functional integrated soft actuators/robots and will inspire life‐like intelligent systems for versatile uses.
Functionality and Applications of Non‐Conventional Starches from Different Sources
Authors: Bangar Sneh Punia , Dhull Sanju Bala , Manzoor Mehnaza , Chandak Ankita , Esua Okon Johnson 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStarch contributes 70–80% of calories in the diet and is a key source of glucose and energy for humans; and has several applications due to its abundance, renewability, and biodegradability. While conventional starch sources like cassava, potato, wheat, and maize have been widely studied; there is increasing interest in the utilization and applications of non‐conventional, and novel starch sources with singular characteristics, but their technological applications are still at infancy. Non‐conventional starches display comparable properties to conventional starches, and their exploitation is linked to regional availability, the social and cultural significance of the starch sources, by‐product valorization, and technological advantages over conventional starches. They can compete favorably with or complement conventional starches for domestic and industrial applications, but information on these starches is still limited. The unification and standardization of research methods are vital for improving yield, purity, and appropriate data comparison. In‐depth studies are also necessary for a proper understanding of structure–function–utilization relationships of the individual sources, in addition to modification strategies for expanding functionalities and providing the framework for extended applications. This review presents a perspective on sources, characteristic compositions, properties, and techno‐functional applications of non‐conventional starches. Suggestions for future research interests are also proposed to further improve the understanding and expand the potential utilizations of non‐conventional starches.
Explainable artificial intelligence: A taxonomy and guidelines for its application to drug discovery
Authors: Ponzoni Ignacio , Páez Prosper Juan Antonio , Campillo Nuria E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is having a growing impact in many areas related to drug discovery. However, it is still critical for their adoption by the medicinal chemistry community to achieve models that, in addition to achieving high performance in their predictions, can be trusty explained to the end users in terms of their knowledge and background. Therefore, the investigation and development of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have become a key topic to address this challenge. For this reason, a comprehensive literature review about explanation methodologies for AI based models, focused in the field of drug discovery, is provided. In particular, an intuitive overview about each family of XAI approaches, such as those based on feature attribution, graph topologies, or counterfactual reasoning, oriented to a wide audience without a strong background in the AI discipline is introduced. As the main contribution, we propose a new taxonomy of the current XAI methods, which take into account specific issues related with the typical representations and computational problems study in the design of molecules. Additionally, we also present the main visualization strategies designed for supporting XAI approaches in the chemical domain. We conclude with key ideas about each method category, thoroughly providing insightful analysis about the guidelines and potential benefits of their adoption in medical chemistry.This article is categorized under:
Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Testing Heavy Neutral Leptons in Cosmic Ray Beam Dump experiments
Authors: Fischer Oliver , Pattnaik Baibhab , Zurita José 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, we discuss the possibility to test Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNLs) using “Cosmic Ray Beam Dump” experiments. In analogy with terrestrial beam dump experiments, where a beam first hits a target and is then absorbed by a shield, we consider high-energy incident cosmic rays impinging on the Earth’s atmosphere and then the Earth’s surface. We focus here on HNL production from atmospherically produced kaon, pion and D-meson decays, and discuss the possible explanation of the appearing Cherenkov showers observed by the SHALON Cherenkov telescope and the ultra-high energy events detected by the neutrino experiment ANITA. We show that these observations can not be explained with a long-lived HNL, as the relevant parameter space is excluded by existing constraints. Then we propose two new experimental setups that are inspired by these experiments, namely a Cherenkov telescope pointing at a sub-horizontal angle and shielded by the mountain cliff at Mount Thor, and a geostationary satellite that observes part of the Sahara desert. We show that the Cherenkov telescope at Mount Thor can probe currently untested HNL parameter space for masses below the kaon mass. We also show that the geostationary satellite experiment can significantly increase the HNL parameter space coverage in the whole mass range from 10 MeV up to 2 GeV and test neutrino mixing |Uα4|2 down to 10−11 for masses around 300 MeV.
The on-shell expansion: from Landau equations to the Newton polytope
Authors: Gardi Einan , Herzog Franz , Jones Stephen , Ma Yao , Schlenk Johannes 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the application of the method of regions to Feynman integrals with massless propagators contributing to off-shell Green’s functions in Minkowski spacetime (with non-exceptional momenta) around vanishing external masses, $$ {p}_i^2\to 0 $$

p
i
2

→
0
. This on-shell expansion allows us to identify all infrared-sensitive regions at any power, in terms of infrared subgraphs in which a subset of the propagators become collinear to external lightlike momenta and others become soft. We show that each such region can be viewed as a solution to the Landau equations, or equivalently, as a facet in the Newton polytope constructed from the Symanzik graph polynomials. This identification allows us to study the properties of the graph polynomials associated with infrared regions, as well as to construct a graph-finding algorithm for the on-shell expansion, which identifies all regions using exclusively graph-theoretical conditions. We also use the results to investigate the analytic structure of integrals associated with regions in which every connected soft subgraph connects to just two jets. For such regions we prove that multiple on-shell expansions commute. This applies in particular to all regions in Sudakov form-factor diagrams as well as in any planar diagram.
Relationship of maximum walking speed with peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold in male patients with heart failure
Authors: Koen Masahiro , Kubota Yoshiaki , Tokita Miwa , Kato Kazuyo , Takahashi Hiroshi , Akutsu Koichi , Asai Kuniya , Takano Hitoshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis retrospective observational study aimed to examine the relationships of maximum walking speed (MWS) with peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and anaerobic threshold (AT) obtained by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) in patients with heart failure. The study participants were 104 consecutive men aged ≥ 20 years who had been hospitalized or had undergone outpatient care at our hospital for heart failure between February 2019 and January 2023. MWS was measured in a 5-m section with a 1-m run-up before and after the course. Multivariable analysis was used to examine the association between MWS and peak VO2 and AT by CPX. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that MWS was positively correlated with percent-predicted peak VO2 and percent-predicted AT (r = 0.463, p < 0.001; and r = 0.485, p < 0.001, respectively). In the multiple linear regression analysis employing percent-predicted peak VO2 and percent-predicted AT as the objective variables, only MWS demonstrated a significant positive correlation (standardized β: 0.471, p < 0.001 and 0.362, p < 0.001, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analyses, using an 80% cutoff in percent-predicted peak VO2 and AT, revealed that only MWS was identified as a significant factor in both cases (odds ratio [OR]: 1.239, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.071–1.432, p = 0.004 and OR: 1.469, 95% CI: 1.194–1.807, p < 0.001, respectively). MWS was correlated with peak VO2 and AT in male patients with heart failure. The MWS measurement as a screening test for exercise tolerance may provide a simple means of estimating peak VO2 and AT in heart failure patients.
The potential of the Crystal Cam handheld gamma-camera for preoperative and intraoperative sentinel lymph node localization in early-stage oral cancer
Authors: Mahieu Rutger , Tijink Bernard M. , van Es Robert J. J. , van Nierop Bastiaan J. , Beijst Casper , de Keizer Bart , de Bree Remco 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluating the Crystal Cam handheld gamma-camera for preoperative and intraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) localization in early-stage oral cancer.

Methods
The handheld gamma-camera was used complementary to conventional gamma-probe guidance for intraoperative SLN localization in 53 early-stage oral cancer patients undergoing SLN biopsy. In 36 of these patients, a blinded comparison was made between preoperative handheld gamma-camera and lymphoscintigraphy outcomes. Of those, the reliability for marking the SLN’s location using both handheld gamma-camera and a 57Co-penpoint marker was evaluated in 15 patients.

Results
In the entire cohort, the handheld gamma-camera preoperatively detected 116/122 (95%) of SLNs identified by lymphoscintigraphy. In those patients where the observer was blinded for lymphoscintigraphy (n = 36), 71/77 (92%) SLNs were correctly identified by handheld gamma-camera. Overlooked SLNs by handheld gamma-camera were mainly located near the injection site. The SLN’s marked location by handheld gamma-camera and 57Co-penpoint marker was considered accurate in 42/43 (98%) SLNs. The intraoperative use of the handheld gamma-camera led to the extirpation of 16 additional ‘hot’ lymph nodes in 14 patients, 4 of which harbored metastases, and prevented 2 patients (4%) from being erroneously staged negative for nodal metastasis. In those with follow-up ≥ 24 months or false-negative outcomes < 24 months following SLNB, a sensitivity of 82% and negative predictive value of 93% was obtained.

Conclusion
The Crystal Cam handheld gamma-camera offers reliable preoperative and intraoperative SLN localization and might reduce the risk of missing a malignant SLN during surgery. Detecting SLNs near the injection site by handheld gamma-camera remains challenging.
The risk of second primary cancer after nasopharyngeal cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Svärd Fanni , Alabi Rasheed Omobolaji , Leivo Ilmo , Mäkitie Antti A. , Almangush Alhadi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Second primary cancers (SPCs) after nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) are rare, but have an impact on the follow-up of this patient population. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature to determine the prevalence and most typical sites of SPCs after NPC.

Methods
We searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles on SPCs after NPC. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.

Results
This review includes data on 89 168 patients with NPC from 21 articles. The mean occurrence for SPCs was 6.6% and varied from 4.9% in endemic areas to 8.7% in non-endemic areas. The most frequent locations of SPCs were oral cavity, pharynx, nose and paranasal sinuses, esophagus and lung.

Conclusion
There is an increased risk for a SPC after NPC management, especially in non-endemic areas. However, their mean rate is lower than after other head and neck carcinomas.
Phenotypic screening in Organ-on-a-Chip systems: a 1537 kinase inhibitor library screen on a 3D angiogenesis assay
Authors: Soragni Camilla , Queiroz Karla , Ng Chee Ping , Stok Arthur , Olivier Thomas , Tzagkaraki Dora , Heijmans Jeroen , Suijker Johnny , de Ruiter Sander P. M. , Olczyk Aleksandra , Bokkers Marleen , Schavemaker Frederik , Trietsch Sebastian J. , Lanz Henriëtte L. , Vulto Paul , Joore Jos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModern drug development increasingly requires comprehensive models that can be utilized in the earliest stages of compound and target discovery. Here we report a phenotypic screening exercise in a high-throughput Organ-on-a-Chip setup. We assessed the inhibitory effect of 1537 protein kinase inhibitors in an angiogenesis assay. Over 4000 micro-vessels were grown under perfusion flow in microfluidic chips, exposed to a cocktail of pro-angiogenic factors and subsequently exposed to the respective kinase inhibitors. Efficacy of compounds was evaluated by reduced angiogenic sprouting, whereas reduced integrity of the main micro-vessel was taken as a measure for toxicity. The screen yielded 53 hits with high anti-angiogenicity and low toxicity, of which 44 were previously unassociated with angiogenic pathways. This study demonstrates that Organ-on-a-Chip models can be screened in high numbers to identify novel compounds and targets. This will ultimately reduce bias in early-stage drug development and increases probability to identify first in class compounds and targets for today’s intractable diseases.
Recursive least squares method for training and pruning convolutional neural networks
Authors: Yu Tianzong , Zhang Chunyuan , Ma Meng , Wang Yuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown good performance in many practical applications. However, their high computational and storage requirements make them difficult to deploy on resource-constrained devices. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel iterative structured pruning algorithm for CNNs based on the recursive least squares (RLS) optimization. Our algorithm combines inverse input autocorrelation matrices with weight matrices to evaluate and prune unimportant input channels or nodes in each CNN layer and performs the next pruning operation when the testing loss is tuned down to the last unpruned level. Our algorithm can be used to prune feedforward neural networks (FNNs) as well. The fast convergence speed of the RLS optimization allows our algorithm to prune CNNs and FNNs multiple times in a small number of epochs. We validate its effectiveness in pruning VGG-16 and ResNet-50 on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 and pruning a three-layer FNN on MNIST. Compared with four popular pruning algorithms, our algorithm can adaptively prune CNNs according to the learning task difficulty and can effectively prune CNNs and FNNs with a small or even no reduction in accuracy. In addition, our algorithm can prune the original sample features in the input layer.
Evaluation of the mobility of heavy metals in the sediments originating from the post-galvanic wastewater treatment processes
Authors: Lejwoda Paweł , Świnder Henryk , Thomas Maciej 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe article presents the assessment of heavy metals mobility in sediments from the process of galvanic wastewater treatment (pH 2.5, Co 1.5 mg/L, Cr6+  < 0.02 mg/L, Cr(total) 62 mg/L, Cu 110 mg/L, Ni 129 mg/L and Pb 59 mg/L) based on the use of hydroxides (Ca(OH)2, NaOH) as well as inorganic and organic sulphur compounds (Na2S, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTC), sodium trithiocarbonate (Na2CS3), trimercapto-s-triazine trisodium salt, TMT). The leachability was assessed after 1, 7, 14 and 21 days of sediment contact with the leaching agent (deionized water). FeCl3 was used as a coagulant. The efficiency of metal removal changed within a range of 99.67–99.94% (for NaOH), 98.80–99.75% (for TMT), 99.67–99.92% (for DMDTC), 99.67–99.91 (for Na2CS3). The heavy metal content in the obtained precipitates changed within the following ranges: 0.1–0.2 g/kg (Co), 9.8–14.7 g/kg (Cr), 23.6–39.8 g/kg (Cu) 30.5–43.2 g/kg (Ni), 24.3–33.1 g/kg (Pb) and 12.2–18.7 g/kg (Cd). The leachability tests revealed the release of 34–37% of Cd, 6.4–7.5% of Ni and 0.06–0.07% of Cu after using an excess of Na2CS3 as the precipitant. The use of NaOH resulted in the release of 0.42–0.46% of Cr from the sediment, and the use of TMT 0.03–0.34% of Ni. The best immobilization of heavy metals was observed in the case of the precipitate resulting from the use of DMDTC as a precipitating agent. The findings may be useful for predicting the mobility of heavy metals in the sludge and assessing the risk involved so as to support their removal and management.