bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discussion of “Optimal Test Procedures for Multiple Hypotheses Controlling the Familywise Expected Loss” by Willi Maurer, Frank Bretz, and Xiaolei Xun
Authors: LaVange L.M. , Alt E.M. , Ibrahim J.G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We provide commentary on the paper by Willi Maurer, Frank Bretz, and Xiaolei Xun entitled, “Optimal test procedures for multiple hypotheses controlling for the familywise expected loss.” The authors provide an excellent discussion of the multiplicity problem in clinical trials and propose a novel approach based on a decision-theoretic framework that incorporates loss functions that can vary across multiple hypotheses in a family. We provide some considerations for the practical use of the authors' proposed methods as well as some alternative methods that may also be of interest in this setting.
Challenges and solutions to superior chimeric antigen receptor‐T design and deployment for B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Gao Jenny , Dahiya Saurabh , Patel Shyam A. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryChimeric antigen receptor‐T (CAR‐T) therapies represent a major breakthrough in cancer medicine, given the ex vivo‐based technology that harnesses the power of one's own immune system. These therapeutics have demonstrated remarkable success for relapsed/refractory B‐cell lymphomas. Although more than a decade has passed since the initial introduction of CAR‐T therapeutics for patients with leukaemia and lymphoma, there is still significant debate as to where CAR‐T therapeutics fit into the management paradigm, as consensus guidelines are limited. Competing interventions deployed in subsequent lines of therapy for aggressive lymphoma include novel targeted agents, bispecific antibodies, and time‐honoured stem cell transplant. In this focused review, we discuss the major obstacles to advancing the therapeutic reach for CAR‐T products in early lines of therapy. Such barriers include antigen escape, “cold” tumour microenvironments, host inflammation and CAR‐T cell exhaustion. We highlight solutions including point‐of‐care CAR‐T manufacturing and early T lymphopheresis. We review the evidence basis for early CAR‐T deployment for B‐cell lymphomas in light of the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of three first‐in‐class anti‐CD3/CD20 bispecific antibodies—mosunetuzumab, epcoritamab and glofitamab. We propose practical recommendations for 2024.
Trends in incidence and overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer in China, Japan, and South Korea
Authors: Lin Yongtian , Wu Yu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe used data from 13 cancer registries in China, Japan, and South Korea to analyze time trends in overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer between 1998 and 2012. Age‐standardized and age‐specific incidence and annual percentage changes were calculated. The number of thyroid cancers diagnosed and the proportion attributable to overdiagnosis were estimated, with calculations stratified by sex and age group. The Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between thyroid cancer incidence and overdiagnosis. From 1998 to 2012, both the incidence and proportions of overdiagnoses of thyroid cancer in China, Japan, and South Korea showed an increasing trend, with higher rates in women than men. South Korea had both the highest incidence for men (10.1/105) and women (46.7/105) and the highest proportions of overdiagnosis (men, 90.3%; women, 94.9%). The fastest growth in overdiagnosis was in Chinese men and women (annual percentage changes 6.1 and 4.6, respectively). We found significant positive correlations between age‐standardized incidence and proportions of overdiagnosis for both men (Spearman r = 0.98, p < 0.05) and women (Spearman r = 0.99, p < 0.05) in the three countries. Age‐specific incidence curves in Chinese and South Korean individuals were of an inverted U‐shape. Overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer in Japan was mainly concentrated in middle‐aged and older patients, whereas in China and South Korea, it occurred primarily in the middle‐aged. The incidence and overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer in China, Japan, and South Korea are increasing, necessitating the implementation of comprehensive measures to reduce these overdiagnoses.
GPI‐anchoring disorders and the heart: Is cardiomyopathy an overlooked feature?
Authors: Bayat Allan , Lindau Tobias , Aledo‐Serrano Angel , Gil‐Nagel Antonio , Barić Ivo , Bartoniček Dorotea , Mateševac Josipa , Ramadža Danijela Petković , Žigman Tamara , Pušeljić Silvija , Dorner Sanja , Bupp Caleb , Devries Seth , Møller Rikke Steensbjerre 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring disorders (GPI‐ADs) are a subgroup of congenital disorders of glycosylation. GPI biosynthesis requires proteins encoded by over 30 genes of which 24 genes are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Patients, especially those with PIGA‐encephalopathy, have a high risk of premature mortality which sometimes is attributed to cardiomyopathy. We aimed to explore the occurrence of cardiomyopathy among patients with GPI‐ADs and to raise awareness about this potentially lethal feature. Unpublished patients with genetically proven GPI‐ADs and cardiomyopathy were identified through an international collaboration and recruited through the respective clinicians. We also reviewed the literature for published patients with cardiomyopathy and GPI‐AD and contacted the corresponding authors for additional information. We identified four novel and unrelated patients with GPI‐AD and cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy was diagnosed before adulthood and was the cause of early demise in two patients. Only one patients underwent cardiac workup after being diagnosed with a GPI‐AD. All were diagnosed with PIGA‐encephalopathy and three had a disease‐causing variant at the same residue. The literature reports five additional children with GPI‐AD related cardiomyopathy, three of which died before adulthood. We have shown that patients with GPI‐ADs are at risk of developing cardiomyopathy and that regular cardiac workup with echocardiography is necessary.
Genetic erosion in an endangered desert fish during a megadrought despite long‐term supportive breeding
Authors: Osborne Megan J. , Archdeacon Thomas P. , Yackulic Charles B. , Dudley Robert K. , Caeiro‐Dias Guilherme , Turner Thomas F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman water use combined with a recent megadrought have reduced river and stream flow through the southwest United States and led to periodic drying of formerly perennial river segments. Reductions in snowmelt runoff and increased extent of drying collectively threaten short‐lived, obligate aquatic species, including the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus). This species is subject to boom‐and‐bust population dynamics, under which large fluctuations in abundance are expected to lower estimates of effective population size and erode genetic diversity over time. Rates of diversity loss are also affected by additions of hatchery‐origin fish used to supplement the wild population. We used demographic and genetic data from wild and hatchery individuals to examine the relationship of genetic diversity and effective population size to abundance over the last two decades. Genetic diversity was low during the early 2000s, but diversity and demographic metrics stabilized after the hatchery program was initiated and environmental conditions improved. Yet, from 2017 onward, allelic diversity declined (Cohen's d = 1.34) and remained low despite hatchery stocking and brief wild population recovery. Across the time series, single‐sample estimates of effective population size based on linkage disequilibrium (LD Ne) were positively associated (r = 0.53) with wild abundance and total abundance, but as the proportion of hatchery‐origin spawners increased, LD Ne declined (r = −0.55). Megadrought limited wild spawner abundance and precluded refreshment of hatchery brood stocks with wild fish; hence, we predict a riverine population increasingly dominated by hatchery‐origin individuals and accelerated loss of genetic diversity despite supplementation. We recommend an adaptive and accelerated management plan that integrates river flow management and hatchery operations to slow the pace of genetic diversity loss exacerbated by megadrought.
Mitigating supply‐demand mismatch: The relationship between inventory sharing and demand learning
Authors: Wei Liqun , Wei Wanying , Liu Yunchuan , Zhang Jianxiong , Xu Xuanhua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBy mitigating supply‐demand mismatch through advanced forecast technology, demand learning has attracted widespread attention and is increasingly adopted in conjunction with inventory sharing. However, this combination is not necessarily efficient given the unclear relationship between the two strategies. Therefore, crucially, this article investigates the strategic relationship between inventory sharing and demand learning, that is, when and whether they are substitutes or complements. We develop a theoretical game model consisting of two firms facing uncertain demand, and both of them need to determine their production quantity before demand is realized. Contrary to the intuition that demand learning is a substitute for inventory sharing, we find that these two strategies can be complements when the production cost is relatively low or high. Moreover, when forecast accuracy is relatively low, the substitutability will be weakened while the complementarity will be enhanced as forecast accuracy increases. Additionally, the substitutability first weakly decreases and then weakly increases, while the complementarity first weakly increases and then weakly decreases with the transfer price.
Adaptive bolus calculators for people with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Unsworth Rebecca , Avari Parizad , Lett Aaron M. , Oliver Nick , Reddy Monika 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo conduct a systematic review of studies assessing adaptive insulin bolus calculators for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsElectronic databases (Medline, Embase and Web of Science) were systematically searched from date of inception to 13 October 2022 for single‐arm or randomized controlled studies assessing adaptive bolus calculators only, in children or adults with T1D on multiple daily injections or insulin pumps with glycaemic outcomes reported. The Clinicaltrials.gov registry was searched for recently completed studies evaluating decision support in T1D. The quality of extracted studies was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment criteria and the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool.ResultsSix studies were identified. Extracted data were synthesized in a descriptive review because of heterogeneity. All the studies were small feasibility studies or were not suitably powered, and all were deemed to be at a high risk of performance and detection bias because they were unblinded. Overall, these studies did not show a significant glycaemic improvement. Two studies showed a reduction in postprandial time below range or an incremental change in blood glucose concentration; however, these were in controlled environments over a short duration.ConclusionsThere are limited clinical trials evaluating adaptive bolus calculators. Although results from small trials or in‐silico data are promising, further studies are required to support personalized and adaptive management of T1D.
Dihydroartemisinin inhibits angiogenesis in breast cancer via regulating VEGF and MMP‐2/‐9
Authors: Rao Qi , Yu He , Li Ruochan , He Bin , Wang Yuxue , Guo Xiaohong , Zhao Gang , Wu Fenghua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDihydroartemisinin (DHA) is an artemisinin derivative known for its antimalarial properties. It has also shown potential as an anti‐tumor and anti‐angiogenic agent. However, its specific role in inhibiting angiogenesis in breast cancer is not well understood.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the anti‐angiogenesis effect of DHA on breast cancer and explore its potential as a therapeutic drug. Our objectives were to assess the impact of DHA on neovascularization induced by MDA‐MB‐231 cells, evaluate its effects on vessel sprout and tube‐formation in vascular endothelial cells, and analyze the expression of key angiogenesis‐related proteins.MethodsUsing a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, we cultured MDA‐MB‐231 cells and treated them with DHA. We assessed neovascularization and cultured vascular endothelial cells with DHA‐treated cell media to evaluate vessel sprout and tube‐formation. Protein expression levels of VEGF, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 were analyzed using Western blotting.ResultsDHA significantly attenuated neovascularization induced by MDA‐MB‐231 cells. It also suppressed vessel sprout and tube‐formation of HUVEC cells when exposed to DHA‐treated cell media. Furthermore, DHA downregulated the expression of VEGF, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 proteins. Mechanistically, DHA inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, ERK, and NF‐κB proteins in tumor cells.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence of the inhibitory effect of DHA on breast cancer angiogenesis. These findings support the potential of DHA as an anti‐breast cancer drug and warrant further investigation for its therapeutic applications.
From self‐care to compassion resilience: Extending the model of protective factors for humanitarian practitioners
Authors: Richards Julie , Shrayer Guy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHumanitarian practitioners, specifically emergency aid and relief workers, disaster responders, social workers, and crisis clinicians, are at elevated risk of experiencing trauma as a result of their professions. Approaches for responding to the silent pandemic of reactive traumatic stress, including secondary traumatic stress and vicarious traumatization among humanitarian practitioners continue to be inadequate. The current model of self‐care, emphasizing internal regulation and processes to promote positive health, wellbeing, and the ability to continue to support others, is insufficient to best equip humanitarian practitioners with protective factors to stave off reactive traumatic responses to their work. We therefore propose our theory to extend the current self‐care model to include the external focus of compassion resilience and conclude with recommendations.
Trends in intravenous immunoglobulin use in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Wood James G. , Heywood Anita E. , Dennington Peta M. , Lloyd Andrew R. , Ziegler John B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a critical replacement therapy for immunodeficiencies and immunomodulatory treatment for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Adequate supply of IVIg is a global issue, necessitating supply restrictions. In Australia, despite strict criteria for use, demand for IVIg has increased over time and exceeds domestic supply.ObjectiveFactors associated with the upward trend in overall IVIg use were examined, including in the number of unique patients, IVIg dosing and treatment frequency and variations by prescribing discipline and disease group.MethodsDe‐identified data of IVIg dispensed in the largest Australian state (New South Wales) from 2007 to 2013 were provided by Australian Red Cross Lifeblood. Trends and projections were calculated using log‐linear regression of unique patients, treatment episodes and grams of IVIg for overall use and use stratified by discipline and disease group.ResultsDuring the study period, 169 453 treatment episodes were recorded for 12 547 unique patients accounting for 5 827 787 g of IVIg use. Overall, IVIg use increased by 12.0% (11.5–12.6%) per year representing a 97.7% increase (91.6–104%) over the study period. The highest growth was among neurological conditions (16.0% (14.9–17.1%) per year). An increase in the number of unique patients was the primary driver of this growth, augmented by increases in the frequency and average dose per treatment.ConclusionsClinically acceptable measures to improve management of IVIg supply are needed including optimising dose, frequency and duration of treatment. Formal evaluation of IVIg versus alternatives, including cost‐effectiveness and comparative efficacy, is warranted.
Costs and consequences of over‐investigation of minor transfusion reactions
Authors: Joel Cliford T. , Burgess Maria , Crispin Philip 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdverse transfusion events create a direct cost burden on the healthcare system through increased morbidity, mortality, extra investigations for diagnosis, patient treatment and increased use of hospital resources. Understanding the costs and impact minor transfusion reactions have on the healthcare system presents an opportunity for potential cost savings and improved clinical practice.AimsTo determine the cost associated with investigating minor transfusion reactions, to identify opportunities to improve the management of blood transfusion reactions and potential cost savings through the application of current national guidelines.MethodsA retrospective review of all suspected transfusion reactions reported to the laboratory over a 6‐year period was performed. Reports were assessed for appropriateness of clinical management and associated investigations. Cost of inappropriate investigations and associated blood product discard was calculated using current national tariffs.ResultsOf the 274 reports, febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions were the most common reactions, with 96 (35%) cases. One hundred forty‐eight patients were unnecessarily investigated for suspected transfusion reactions totalling AU$ 32 427.00. The initial total value of partially discarded blood products was AU$ 55 656.00.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that unnecessary investigation of minor transfusion reactions adds a significant financial burden to the healthcare system.
Intravenous iron: an update
Authors: Lucas Sarah , Garg Mayur 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, with significant adverse health consequences in the presence or absence of anaemia. Total dose intravenous iron replacement is recommended for replacement of iron in patients with severe iron deficiency, especially in the presence of anaemia, intolerance or inefficacy following oral iron, or states of inflammation where upregulation of hepcidin may impair gastrointestinal absorption of iron. Currently, available intravenous iron formulations have been demonstrated to have an excellent overall safety profile, but potential adverse effects, including skin staining, infusion‐related reactions and hypophosphataemia, have been described. Knowledge of differences in administration and safety profiles of currently available iron formulations will allow appropriate prescription, counselling, as well as recognition and management of adverse events in patients requiring intravenous iron.
Essence of culture and nature: Governance as the emerging correlates of quality‐of‐life experiences in the communities of Himachal, India
Authors: Chand Puran , Thakur B. R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work is to uncover factors influencing the quality of life in the study area. The idea is operationalized by collecting data at the household level on subjective and objective aspects of quality of life. For this study, data were collected from 18 sample villages using a stratified random sampling method. The villages were chosen to represent two distinct communities, namely the scheduled castes (SC) and the general population, spread across three altitudinal zones. In all, 436 households (about 20% of the total) were surveyed with respect to 10 domains of quality of life, namely environment and cleanliness, housing, education, health, personal well‐being, democratic and social participation, information and communication, employment, income and wealth and governance. To identify the key domains of quality of life, the principal components analysis (PCA) technique was applied. The findings support the idea that Asian predictors of satisfaction with life are similar to those of the Western world, but social and cultural backgrounds determine some culture‐oriented predictors. The PCA results show that governance is the key determinant of life satisfaction. This study reveals that due to higher levels of educational attainment, good income conditions, and greater participation in community affairs, the general community has reported higher quality of life satisfaction compared to the SC community population.
Factors that affect GP referral of a child with intellectual disability for a mild illness: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Nicholson Emma , McDonnell Thérèse , Conlon Ciara , De Brún Aoife , Doherty Edel , Collins Claire , Bury Gerard , McAuliffe Eilish 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundGeneral practitioners (GP) report multiple challenges when treating individuals with intellectual disabilities which may influence referral rates. The study aimed to establish factors that influence GP's decision‐making when referring a child with intellectual disabilities to the emergency department.MethodDiscrete choice experiments (DCEs) are increasingly used in health research to further understand complex decision making. A DCE was designed to assess the relative importance of factors that may influence a GP's (N = 157) decision to refer.ResultsA random parameters model indicated that perceived limited parental capacity to manage an illness was the most important factor in the decision to refer a child to the ED, followed by a repeat visit, a referral request from the parent, and a Friday afternoon appointment.ConclusionUnderstanding the factors that influence referral is important for service improvement and to strengthen primary care provision for this population and their families.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of total laparoscopic hysterectomy without and with uterine manipulator combined with pelvic lymphadenectomy for early cervical cancer
Authors: Zeng Wei‐hong , Liang Ye , Zhou Jing‐qing , Lin Hai‐hong , Huang Li‐shan , He Dan‐feng , Wen Ji‐zhong , Wu Bo‐ming , Liu Hao‐chang , Zhong Yao‐xiang , Lei Nan‐xiang , Yang Hai‐kun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveSome studies have reported that the prognosis of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) for early‐stage cervical cancer (CC) is worse than that of open surgery. And this was associated with the use of uterine manipulator or not. Therefore, this study retrospectively analyzes the efficacy and safety of TLH without uterine manipulator combined with pelvic lymphadenectomy for early‐stage CC.MethodsFifty‐eight patients with CC (stage IB1‐IIA1) who received radical hysterectomy from September 2019 to January 2020 were divided into no uterine manipulator (n = 26) and uterine manipulator group (n = 32). Then, clinical characteristics were collected and intraoperative/postoperative related indicators were compared.ResultsPatients in the no uterine manipulator group had significantly higher operation time and blood loss than in the uterine manipulator group. Notably, there was no significant difference in hemoglobin change, blood transfusion rate, number of pelvic nodules, anal exhaust time, complications and recurrence rate between the two groups. Additionally, patients in the uterine manipulator group were prone to urinary retention (15.6%) and lymphocyst (12.5%), while the no uterine manipulator group exhibited high probability of bladder dysfunction (23.1%) and urinary retention (15.4%). Furthermore, the 1‐year disease‐free survival rate and the 1‐year overall survival rate were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the efficacy and safety of TLH with or without uterine manipulator combined with pelvic lymphadenectomy in the treatment of patients with early‐stage CC. However, the latter requires consideration of the negative effects of high operation time and blood loss.