bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Similarity Between the Seasonal Predictability and Persistence Barrier of ENSO Phenomenon
Authors: Yu Dakuan , Zhou Meng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe seasonal Predictability Barrier (PRB) and Persistence Barrier (PEB) in the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon are of recent interest, yet the distinction between the PRB in observations and PEB in ensemble forecast models remains unexplored. Using observational and North American Multimodel Ensemble data since the 1980s, we examined the seasonal PRB and PEB, focusing on intensity, timing, decadal variations, and spatial patterns. Although the intensity of the ENSO spring PRB in dynamic models is notably lower than the spring PEB intensity, the temporal variations, spatial patterns and barrier timing of the PRB and PEB are similar. The chaotic nature of ENSO systems exhibits comparable decadal variations and spatial patterns to the seasonal PEB and PRB, suggesting potential control by chaotic behavior for both seasonal PRB and PEB. Hence, the seasonal PEB of ENSO can still provide useful benchmarks for the predictability study of ENSO in dynamic models.
A Quantitative Assessment of Vertical Wave Energy Flux and Global Wave Power Due To Upward Propagating Tides Based on TIMED Observations
Authors: Neogi Mukta , Oberheide Jens 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe quantify the vertical wave energy flux and global wave power due to upward propagating tides in the 80–200 km altitude range, based on observations. Our approach utilizes fluid dynamical equations, and Hough Mode Extension (HME) fits to tidal wind and temperatures observed by the TIDI and SABER instruments on board the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. The global annual mean vertical energy flux due to diurnal and semidiurnal migrating and non‐migrating tides for the year 2009 (solar minimum conditions) is about W/m2 or equivalent to 5 GW of global wave power at 100 km. Observation‐based wave energy flux values for the migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tidal components DW1 and SW2 for spring 2009 equinox conditions compare well with SD‐WACCM‐X predicted values but are somewhat smaller than early theoretical results. We find that SW2 is the most dominant tidal component contributing to wave energy throughout the thermosphere.
Two Decades of Fire‐Induced Albedo Change and Associated Short‐Wave Radiative Effect Over Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Flegrová Michaela , Brindley Helen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe present an analysis of 20 years of fire and albedo data in Africa. We show that, in the mean, the sub‐Saharan Africa post‐fire surface albedo anomaly can be parameterized using an exponential recovery function, recovering from a decrease of immediately after a fire with a time constant of days. Although the magnitude of albedo changes shows large spatial and temporal variations and a strong land cover type (LCT) dependency, exponential recovery is observed in the majority of LCTs. We show that fires cause long‐term surface brightening, with an Africa‐wide albedo increase of 10 months after a fire, but we find this is driven almost exclusively by slow vegetation recovery in the Kalahari region, confirming previous findings. Using downward surface shortwave flux (DSSF) estimates, we calculate the fire‐induced surface radiative forcing (RF), peaking at Wm−2 in the burn areas, albeit with a significantly smaller effect when averaged temporally and spatially. We find that the long‐term RF in months 5–10 after a burn averaged over the continent is negative because of the brightening observed. Despite a well‐documented reduction in burning in Africa in the recent decades, our temporal analysis does not indicate a decrease in the overall fire‐induced RF likely due to large interannual variability in albedo anomaly and DSSF data. However, we observe a decline in the short‐term RF in southern hemisphere Africa, driven by both a reduction in fires and changes in LCT distributions.
Dynamics and Mechanisms of South Indian Ocean Teleconnection on the West Antarctic Sea Ice in the Cold Season
Authors: Hou Hongyi , Zhang Li , Cai Wenju , Wu Lixin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTropical‐polar teleconnections are believed to play a key role in the observed changes in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, which have been widely studied. Here we identify a fingerprint of the South Indian Ocean (SIO) in Antarctic sea ice concentration (SIC) in the cold season, detectable as early as May. Specifically, sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the central SIO excites a downstream wave train, inducing an anomalous cyclonic circulation over the Amundsen Sea. This, in turn, leads to increased SIC in the Amundsen Sea and decreased SIC in the eastern Bellingshausen Sea and the northern Weddell Sea via anomalous wind‐driven forcing and air advection. We further reveal the dynamical processes that establish the atmospheric bridge between the SIO and polar regions. On the one hand, anomalous Rossby wave sources appear over the SIO, attributed to anomalous divergent flows induced by convective and diabatic heating anomalies. On the other hand, the equivalent barotropic response of atmospheric circulation is reinforced by the feedback of storm activities, dominated by eddy vorticity forcing. In a warming climate, climate models project SST warming in the SIO, accompanied by an increasing meridional SST gradient, suggesting that the strengthened impact of the SIO on Antarctic sea ice is likely to continue.
Energetic Particles Produced by Thunderstorm Electric Fields
Authors: Dwyer Joseph R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this work, detailed Monte Carlo simulations were performed to test whether terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) may be produced by thunderstorm electrification alone, without the presence of lightning, by the relativistic feedback mechanism. TGFs are powerful bursts of gamma rays produced by thunderstorms, often in association with lightning. They are produced by bremsstrahlung interactions of relativistic runaway electrons with air, typically requiring >1017 energetic electrons to account for the gamma‐ray emissions. These energetic electrons may be produced in the high‐field regions near lightning leaders, or they may be produced by the self‐sustained production of runaway electrons by relativistic feedback involving backward propagating runaway positrons and backscattered x‐rays. It has been challenging to tell which mechanism is correct when lightning is present, since both may occur in the fields generated by the propagating leaders. Prior to 2023, the gamma‐ray emissions from thunderstorms were broadly classified as either long‐lasting gamma‐ray glows or TGFs. However, recent aircraft observations by ALOFT are upending this distinction, showing that gamma‐ray glows are highly dynamic and often morph into intense pulses that resemble TGFs observed from space. It is shown here that rapid thunderstorm charging produces strong gamma‐ray glows with oscillating gamma‐ray rates. These oscillations develop into intense pulse trains that closely resemble the multi‐pulsed TGFs observed by CGRO/BATSE and ALOFT. Furthermore, the ionization produced by the high‐energy particles partially discharges the electric field in some regions while strongly amplifying it in other regions, potentially leading to the initiation of narrow bipolar events and/or lightning.
Pharmacodynamics of interspecies interactions in polymicrobial infections
Authors: Herzberg C. , van Hasselt J. G. C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The pharmacodynamic response of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics can be influenced by interactions with other bacterial species in polymicrobial infections (PMIs). Understanding the complex eco-evolutionary dynamics of PMIs and their impact on antimicrobial treatment response represents a step towards developing improved treatment strategies for PMIs. Here, we investigated how interspecies interactions in a multi-species bacterial community affect the pharmacodynamic response to antimicrobial treatment. To this end, we developed an in silico model which combined agent-based modeling with ordinary differential equations. Our analyses suggest that both interspecies interactions, modifying either drug sensitivity or bacterial growth rate, and drug-specific pharmacological properties drive the bacterial pharmacodynamic response. Furthermore, lifestyle of the bacterial population and the range of interactions can influence the impact of species interactions. In conclusion, this study provides a foundation for the design of antimicrobial treatment strategies for PMIs which leverage the effects of interspecies interactions.
BMI gain and dietary characteristics are risk factors of MASLD in non-obese individuals
Authors: Taniguchi Hirokazu , Ueda Miho , Kobayashi Yukiko , Shima Takatomo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This longitudinal observational study aimed to evaluate whether cardiometabolic factors and dietary characteristics are determinants of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in non-obese individuals (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m²). The study was conducted at the Japanese Red Cross Society Kyoto Daiichi Hospital. Clinical data were longitudinally recorded at annual health checks. The diagnosis of MASLD was based on the results of abdominal ultrasonography and cardiometabolic criteria. Lifestyle behaviors and dietary characteristics were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 4,100 non-obese middle-aged and older participants (1,636 men and 2,464 women) were followed up for an average of 6.44 ± 4.16 years. During the follow-up period, there were 410 new cases of MASLD in men (25.1%) and 484 in women (19.6%). The incidence rate was higher for men (39.7 per 1,000 person-years) than for women (30.1 per 1,000 person-years). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses using the rate of change per year with standardized values found that BMI gain was strongly associated with the onset of MASLD for both men (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.64–2.19) and women (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.72–2.21). Increased waist circumference and triglycerides were also associated with MASLD onset for both men and women. Lowering of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was identified as a risk factor for MASLD in both men and women. Regarding dietary characteristics, the onset of MASLD was significantly and negatively associated with “often eating vegetables” for men (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57–0.93) and “often eating soy products” for women (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.58–0.88), even after adjusting for BMI change and other covariates. These findings suggest that maintaining body weight and favorable dietary characteristics are key factors in the prevention of MASLD in non-obese individuals.
Causal analysis of dietary preferences and the risk of endometriosis using large-scale population data
Authors: Cheng Xin , Ma Dan , Wang Xiuhong , Li Meiling , Jiang Jinpeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dietary factors have recently been recognized as potentially influential in the pathogenesis of endometriosis (EM), yet studies on the causal relationship between dietary preferences and EM are limited. The present study aimed to explore the causal relationships between 187 dietary preferences and EM using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. This study utilised genome-wide association study data from over 500,000 European participants for dietary preferences and 64,658 EM patients from Finland. Dietary preferences with potential causal relationships to EM were identified using two-sample MR methods. P-values from the inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis were corrected using the false discovery rate (FDR) method to ensure accuracy. Additionally, heterogeneity analysis, pleiotropy assessment, leave-one-out analysis, and reverse MR analysis were conducted to further validate and solidify the findings of the study. After FDR correction, IVW analysis revealed that asparagus preference was significantly protective against EM, including in American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) stages 1–2 and 3–4. Conversely, preferences for different types of coffee and orange juice were associated with an increased likelihood of EM across these stages. Subgroup analysis indicated that asparagus preference had a protective effect against deep EM, ovarian EM, pelvic peritoneal EM, and rectovaginal septum and vaginal EM. In contrast, coffee preference increased the risk of pelvic peritoneal EM, fallopian tube EM, and unspecified EM, whereas orange juice preference increased the risk of deep EM, rectovaginal septum and vaginal EM, pelvic peritoneal EM, and unspecified EM. Reverse MR analysis did not identify causal relationships between EM and the specific dietary preferences that were analysed in this study. These findings suggest that asparagus preference significantly reduces the risk of developing EM, whereas preferences for orange juice and different types of coffee may increase the risk, offering new insights into EM management through dietary modifications.
Speechreading Ability Affects Mandarin Tone Perception in Young Adults With Prelingual Hearing Impairment in China
Authors: Zhang Fen , Wei Xuehan , Jiang Xiangyu , Chen Liang , Wang Haifen , Lei Jianghua 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
This cross-sectional study explored how the speechreading ability of adults with hearing impairment (HI) in China would affect their perception of the four Mandarin Chinese lexical tones: high (Tone 1), rising (Tone 2), falling–rising (Tone 3), and falling (Tone 4). We predicted that higher speechreading ability would result in better tone performance and that accuracy would vary among individual tones.

Method:
A total of 136 young adults with HI (ages 18–25 years) in China participated in the study and completed Chinese speechreading and tone awareness tests. The participants were divided into three groups on their basis of their speechreading performance (HIGH, MIDDLE, and LOW speechreading ability), and their ability to recognize the four Mandarin tones was compared.

Results:
HI adults with high speechreading ability identified tones more accurately than HI adults with low speechreading ability. The overall performance for Tone 2 was the lowest across all the groups. We found a significant interaction between speechreading ability groups and tone levels; the high speechreading ability group performed significantly better than the low ability group when identifying Tones 1 and 4, and performance on Tone 3 also differed by speechreading ability.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that speechreading ability affects Mandarin tone perception in adults with HI in China. Higher speechreading ability was associated with better overall tone perception. Tone 2 was the most difficult tone to identify, while identification of the other three lexical tones depended on speechreading ability. In visual language processing, adults with HI must reconstitute phonological units from visual and auditory fragments. To determine the generalizability of these results, they should be examined in languages beyond Mandarin Chinese.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28207784
Cross- and Within-Language Associations Between Phonological, Lexical, and Grammatical Domains in Mandarin–English Bilingual Preschoolers in Singapore
Authors: Zhou Jiangling , Mai Ziyin , Lau Elaine , Lum Connie , Thian Ai Ling , Yip Virginia 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
This study aims to examine the associations of phonological, lexical, and grammatical skills within and between languages in Mandarin–English bilingual preschoolers.

Method:
Sixty-three Singaporean Mandarin–English bilingual children aged 3–5 years were assessed for articulation, receptive vocabulary, and receptive grammar using standardized instruments in English and compatible tools in Mandarin. Regression analyses were performed on each language outcome, with other language variables as predictors, controlling for age, nonverbal working memory, and home language environment.

Results:
Phonological and grammatical skills in one language predicted corresponding skills in the other. Phonemes shared across languages showed higher accuracy rates compared to unshared phonemes, while accuracy varied across grammatical structures. Vocabulary did not correlate between languages. It was influenced by household language distribution, with Mandarin vocabulary also correlating with nonverbal working memory. Mandarin grammar positively correlated with the number of native Mandarin speakers at home. Within each language, phonological skills were predicted by vocabulary, while vocabulary and grammar were reciprocally predictive. Cross-language, cross-domain relationships were weak.

Conclusions:
This study shows domain-specific cross-language associations and language-specific cross-domain associations in Mandarin–English bilingual children, indicating both interdependent and autonomous development. Our findings call for approaches that value the child's full linguistic repertoire and utilize interconnectedness between languages and language domains to enhance bi/multilingual competence. They also highlight the importance of assessing each of the child's languages and considering individual bilingual profiles in research on bilingual language development.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28200128
Robust style injection for person image synthesis
Authors: Huang Yan , Qian Jianjun , Zhu Shumin , Li Jun , Yang Jian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPerson Image Synthesis has been widely used in fashion with extensive application scenarios. The point of this task is how to synthesise person image from a single source image under arbitrary poses. Prior methods generate the person image with target pose well; however, they fail to preserve the fine style details of the source image. To address this problem, a robust style injection (RSI) model is proposed, which is a coarse‐to‐fine framework to synthesise target the person image. RSI develops a simple and efficient cross‐attention based module to fuse the features of both source semantic styles and target pose for achieving the coarse aligned features. The adaptive instance normalisation is employed to enhance the aligned features in conjunction with source semantic styles. Subsequently, source semantic styles are further injected into the positional normalisation scheme to avoid the fine style details erosion caused by massive convolution. In training losses, optimal transport theory in the form of energy distance is introduced to constrain data distribution to refine the texture style details. Additionally, the authors’ model is capable of editing the shape and texture of garments to the target style separately. The experiments demonstrate that the authors’ RSI achieves better performance over the state‐of‐art methods.
Glitch-induced pulse profile change of PSR J0742−2822 observed from the IAR
Authors: Zubieta E. , García F. , del Palacio S. , Espinoza C. M. , Araujo Furlan S. B. , Gancio G. , Lousto C. O. , Combi J. A. , Gügercinoğlu E. 
Published: January 2025

Context. The radio pulsar PSR J0742−2822 is known to exhibit rapid changes between different pulse profile states that correlate with changes in its spin-down rate. However, the connection between these variations and the glitch activity of the pulsar remains unclear.
Aims. We aim to study the evolution of the pulse profile and spin-down rate of PSR J0742−2822 in the period MJD 58810–60149 (November 2019 to July 2023), which includes the glitch on MJD 59839 (September 2022). In particular, we looked for pulse profile or spin-down changes associated with the 2022 glitch.
Methods. We observed PSR J0742−2822 with a high cadence from the Argentine Institute of Radioastronomy (IAR) between November 2019 and July 2023. We used standard timing tools to characterise the times of arrival of the pulses and to study the pulsar rotation and, particularly, the oscillations of ν̇. We also studied the evolution of the pulse profile. For both of them, we compared their behaviour before and after the 2022 glitch.
Results. With respect to ν̇, we find that oscillations diminished in amplitude after the glitch. We find four different components contributing to the pre-glitch ν̇ oscillations, and only one component after the glitch. With regard to the emission, we find the pulse profile has two main peaks. We detect an increase in the W50 of the total pulse profile of ∼12% after the glitch and we find the amplitude of the trailing peak increased with respect to the amplitude of the leading one after the glitch.
Conclusions. We find significant changes in the pulse profile and the spin-down rate of PSR J0742−2822 after its 2022 glitch. These results suggest that there is a strong coupling between the internal superfluid of the neutron star and its magnetosphere, and that pulse profile changes may be led by this coupling instead of being led purely by magnetospheric effects.
Testing a proposed planarity tool for studying satellite systems
Authors: Pawlowski Marcel S. , Júlio Mariana P. , Kanehisa Kosuke Jamie , Müller Oliver 
Published: January 2025

Context. The existence of planes of satellite galaxies has been identified as a long-standing challenge to ΛCDM cosmology because satellite systems in cosmological simulations that are as extremely flattened and as strongly kinematically correlated as the observed structures are rare.
Aims. We investigate a recently proposed new metric for measuring the overall degree of planarity of a satellite system that was used to claim consistency between the Milky Way satellite plane and ΛCDM.
Methods. We studied the behavior of the planarity metric under several features of anisotropy that are present in ΛCDM satellite systems but are not related to satellite planes. Specifically, we considered the impact of oblate or prolate distributions, the number of satellites, the clustering of satellites, and radial and asymmetric distributions (lopsidedness). We also investigated whether the metric is independent of the orientation of the studied satellite system.
Results. We find that all of these features of anisotropy lead to the metric to infer an increased degree of planarity, even though none of them has any direct relation to satellite planes. The metric is also highly sensitive to the orientation of the studied system (or chosen coordinate system): There is almost no correlation between the reported degrees of planarity of the metric for identical random systems rotated by 90°.
Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that the new proposed metric is not suited for measuring the overall planarity in satellite systems. Consequently, no consistency of the observed Milky Way satellite plane with ΛCDM can be inferred using this metric.