bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Synthesis of NASICON Solid Electrolytes for Sodium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Zuo Daxian , Yang Lin , Zou Zheyi , Li Shen , Feng Yitian , Harris Stephen J. , Shi Siqi , Wan Jiayu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNASICON‐structured solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) are highly promising materials for sodium solid‐state metal batteries (NaSMBs). However, the current synthesis methods are often labor‐intensive and inefficient, consuming a significant amount of energy and time. Here, an ultrafast high‐temperature synthesis (UHS) technique is successfully demonstrated to directly synthesize NASICON‐type SSEs from mixed precursor powders, reducing the synthesis time from hours to merely seconds. The intermediate with a Na3PO4 structure plays a critical role in the rapid synthesis of NASICON‐type SSEs, ultimately leading to the formation of the final NASICON phase. Moreover, the UHS‐synthesizes NASICON‐type Na3.3Zr1.7Lu0.3Si2PO12 (NZLSP) exhibits high room temperature ionic conductivity of 7.7 × 10−4 S cm−1, approximately three times that of the undoped Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP). The Na|NZLSP|Na symmetric cell can sustain highly stable cycling for over 4800 h. This study provides a novel insight and validation in the precise and targeted synthesis of complex oxide solid‐state electrolytes.
Lessons from a time of upheaval: COVID‐19 in South Asia
Authors: Narayanan Sudha , Raghunathan Kalyani , Rashid Shahidur , Winter‐Nelson Alex 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNumerous structural vulnerabilities put developing regions at a disadvantage as they confront the prospect of increasingly frequent extreme shocks. Typical of these regions, South Asia had several characteristics that suggested it would be badly hit by COVID‐19: a sizeable informal sector, growing inequalities in access to health services and social protection, and high levels of hunger and malnutrition. This Special Issue focuses on the South Asian experience through COVID‐19 and distills forward‐looking lessons for the developing world. Included papers point to the importance of strengthening individual resilience, building basic infrastructure and institutional capacity, and implementing inclusive social protection measures.
Feasibility of using technology to reduce adsorption reactions in single superphosphate in soybean cultivation in the Savannah
Authors: Morais Lawren Kristine de Oliveira , Cantão Veridiana Cardozo Gonçalves , Francischini Ricardo , Santos Gilmar Oliveira , de Lima Jhonata Sato , de Oliveira Augusto Matias , Sousa Neta Raquel de , Tavares Rose Luiza Moraes , Moraes Kamila Lobato , Peres William 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe soils of Brazilian Savannah are generally characterized by the predominance of highly weathered and acid Oxisols, with low fertility and high aluminum content, which inhibits the availability of phosphorus (P) for plants. Thus, we seek to develop technologies that minimize P losses. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the agronomic and economic feasibility of using the technology that reduces phosphorus adsorption reactions (TRRA) associated with single superphosphate (SS) in the cultivation of soybeans (Glycine max) in the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 harvests. The experiment was carried out in the field, in a randomized block design, with four replications and a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme, where doses of 320, 400, 480, and 570 kg ha−1 of SS were used, associated or not with the use of TRRA, in the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 harvests. The components of yield, grain yield, and economic feasibility were evaluated, calculating the operating cost and the point of maximum economic efficiency (PMEE). The PMEE in the 2018–2019 season occurred with the application of 568 kg ha−1 of SS and, in the 2019–2020 season, it was found with the application of 320 kg ha−1 of SS + TRRA. The best weather conditions in the 2019–2020 season (absence of prolonged water deficit) influenced productivity and improved TRRA efficiency. The economic analysis indicates that the use of TRRA increases the productivity of the soybean crop, generating greater net income for the producer. However, benefits may vary depending on weather conditions.
Willingness to pay for agricultural mechanization services by smallholder farmers in Malawi
Authors: Tufa Adane , Alene Arega , Ngoma Hambulo , Marenya Paswel , Manda Julius , Matin Md Abdul , Thierfelder Christian , Chikoye David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne of the main barriers to adopting smallholder agricultural mechanization in developing countries is the mismatch between the economies of scale of machines and farm size. Private sector‐led mechanization services hold a promise to address this challenge, but there is a lack of evidence on demand for smallholder mechanization services. This study estimates the farmers' willingness to pay for mechanization services using the double‐bounded contingent valuation method and data from 1512 households. Results show that, on average, farmers are willing to pay 11%, 33%, and 5% more than prevailing market rates for land preparation, maize shelling, and transportation services, respectively. The amounts farmers are willing to pay for the mechanization services vary by sex, age group, size of cultivated land, the value of farmer assets, market access, and agroecology. Men are willing to pay 26%, 25%, and 11% more than women for land preparation, maize shelling, and transportation services. Moreover, 40% of female and 90% of male farmers are willing to pay more than or equal to the prevailing market rate for land preparation services. The high demand for mechanization services among smallholder farmers points to the need for making the machinery available to rural communities through mechanization service providers or machinery hiring centers run by the private sector. The paper concludes by discussing the contextual factors and policy options for promoting smallholder mechanization in Malawi. [EconLit Citations: O33, Q11, Q13, Q16].
Click‐hydrogel delivered aggregation‐induced emissive nanovesicles for simultaneous remodeling and antibiosis of deep burn wounds
Authors: Chen Xu , Zhao Meijiao , Xie Qihu , Zhou Sitong , Zhong Xiaoping , Zheng Judun , Yang Ronghua , Du Xianjin , Xia Jinyu , Liao Yuhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs a high‐risk trauma, deep burns are always hindered in their repair process by decreased tissue regeneration capacity and persistent infections. In this study, we developed a simultaneous strategy for deep burn wounds treatment using functional nanovesicles with antibacterial and tissue remodeling properties, delivered via a click‐chemistry hydrogel. An aggregation‐induced emission photosensitizer of 4‐(2‐(5‐(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)vinyl)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) pyridin‐1‐ium bromide (THB) with excellent photodynamic properties was first prepared, and then combined with readily accessible adipose stem cells‐derived nanovesicles to generate the THB functionalized nanovesicles (THB@ANVs). The THB@ANVs showed strong antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria (up to 100% killing rate), and also beneficial effects on tissue remodeling, including promoting cell migration, cell proliferation, and regulating immunity. In addition, we prepared a click‐hydrogel of carboxymethyl chitosan for effective delivery of THB@ANVs on wounds. This hydrogel could be injected to conform to the wound morphology while responding to the acidic microenvironment. In vivo evaluations of wound healing revealed that the THB@ANVs hydrogel dressing efficiently accelerated the healing of second‐degree burn wounds by reducing bacterial growth, regulating inflammation, promoting early angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. This study provides a promising candidate of wound dressing with diverse functions for deep burn wound repair.
Unlocking dynamics of compact methanol reformers during on‐line catalyst activation using transient computational fluid dynamics simulation
Authors: Qiu Runfa , Li Didi , Zhang Wenhao , Cao Chenxi , Zhu Minghui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOn‐board methanol reforming is a practical solution to supply hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). For commonly employed Cu‐based reforming catalysts, activation has a profound influence on subsequent reaction performance. However, tailoring of this process at the reformer level has received little research attention. Herein, we present the dynamics of compact methanol reformers with Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts during in situ H2/N2 pre‐activation as a preliminary step of online catalyst activation by computational fluid dynamics simulations. Raising inlet temperatures or hydrogen fractions is demonstrated to accelerate activation while generating a high‐temperature band within the catalyst bed, which hampers effective activation. Increasing the reductant flow rates improves the homogeneity of activation thanks to enhanced convective heat and mass transfer. Notably, we revealed that inlet reductants exceeding 453 K trigger temperature runaway that may severely damage the reformer. These new insights will enlighten optimization of operation and control of on‐board methanol reforming for FCVs.
Novel association of Dandy–Walker malformation with CAPN15 variants expands the phenotype of oculogastrointestinal neurodevelopmental syndrome
Authors: Beaman M. Makenzie , Guidugli Lucia , Hammer Monia , Barrows Chelsea , Gregor Anne , Lee Sangmoon , Deak Kristen L. , McDonald Marie T. , Jensen Courtney , Zaki Maha S. , Masri Amira T. , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Gleeson Joseph G. , Cohen Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOculogastrointestinal neurodevelopmental syndrome has been described in seven previously published individuals who harbor biallelic pathogenic variants in the CAPN15 gene. Biallelic missense variants have been reported to demonstrate a phenotype of eye abnormalities and developmental delay, while biallelic loss of function variants exhibit phenotypes including microcephaly and craniofacial abnormalities, cardiac and genitourinary malformations, and abnormal neurologic activity. We report six individuals from three unrelated families harboring biallelic deleterious variants in CAPN15 with phenotypes overlapping those previously described for this disorder. Of the individuals affected, four demonstrate radiographic evidence of the classical triad of Dandy–Walker malformation including hypoplastic vermis, fourth ventricle enlargement, and torcular elevation. Cerebellar anomalies have not been previously reported in association with CAPN15‐related disease. Here, we present three unrelated families with findings consistent with oculogastrointestinal neurodevelopmental syndrome and cerebellar pathology including Dandy–Walker malformation. To corroborate these novel clinical findings, we present supporting data from the mouse model suggesting an important role for this protein in normal cerebellar development. Our findings add six molecularly confirmed cases to the literature and additionally establish a new association of Dandy–Walker malformation with biallelic CAPN15 variants, thereby expanding the neurologic spectrum among patients affected by CAPN15‐related disease.
Different cohort, disparate results: Selection bias is a key factor in autopsy cohorts
Authors: Gauthreaux Kathryn , Kukull Walter A. , Nelson Karin B. , Mock Charles , Chen Yen‐Chi , Chan Kwun C. G. , Fardo David W. , Katsumata Yuriko , Abner Erin L. , Nelson Peter T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONResearch‐oriented autopsy cohorts provide critical insights into dementia pathobiology. However, different studies sometimes report disparate findings, partially because each study has its own recruitment biases. We hypothesized that a straightforward metric, related to the percentage of research volunteers cognitively normal at recruitment, would predict other inter‐cohort differences.METHODSThe National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) provided data on N = 7178 autopsied participants from 28 individual research centers. Research cohorts were grouped based on the proportion of participants with normal cognition at initial clinical visit.RESULTSCohorts with more participants who were cognitively normal at recruitment contained more individuals who were older, female, had lower frequencies of apolipoprotein E ε4, Lewy body disease, and frontotemporal dementia, but higher rates of cerebrovascular disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology was little different between groups.DISCUSSIONThe percentage of participants recruited while cognitively normal predicted differences in findings in autopsy research cohorts. Most differences were in non‐AD pathologies.Highlights
Systematic differences exist between autopsy cohorts that serve dementia research.
We propose a metric to use for gauging a research‐oriented autopsy cohort.
It is essential to consider the characteristics of autopsy cohorts.
Ferricyanide Armed Anodes Enable Stable Water Oxidation in Saturated Saline Water at 2 A/cm2
Authors: Liu Wei , Yu Jiage , Sendeku Marshet Getaye , Li Tianshui , Gao Wenqin , Yang Guotao , Kuang Yun , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe direct seawater electrolysis at high current density and low overpotential affords an effective strategy toward clean and renewable hydrogen fuel production. However, the severe corrosion of anode as a result of the saturation of Cl− upon continuous seawater feeding seriously hamper the electrolytic process. Herein, cobalt ferricyanide / cobalt phosphide (CoFePBA/Co2P) anodes with Cap/Pin structure are synthesized, which stably catalyze alkaline saturated saline water oxidation at 200–2000 mA cm−2 over hundreds of hours without corrosion. Together with the experimental findings, the molecular dynamics simulations reveal that PO43− and Fe(CN)63− generated by the electrode play synergistic role in repelling Cl− via electrostatic repulsion and dense coverage, which reduced Cl− adsorption by nearly 5‐fold. The novel anionic synergy endow superior corrosion protection for the electrode, and is expected to promote the practical application of saline water electrolysis.
Exploiting the Use of the Decarboxylative S‐Alkylation Reaction to Produce Self‐Blowing, Recyclable Polycarbonate Foams
Authors: Abbasoglu Tansu , Ciardi Diego , Tournilhac Francois , Irusta Lourdes , Sardon Haritz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolymeric foams are widely used in many industrial applications due to their light weight and superior thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. Currently, increasing research efforts is being directed towards the development of greener foam formulations that circumvent the use of isocyanates/blowing agents that are commonly used in the production of foam materials. Here, a straightforward, one‐pot method is presented to prepare self‐blown polycarbonate (PC) foams by exploiting the (decarboxylative) S‐alkylation reaction for in situ generation of the blowing agent (CO2). The concomitant formation of a reactive alcohol intermediate promotes a cascade ring‐opening polymerization of the cyclic carbonates to yield a cross‐linked polymer network. It is shown that these hydroxyl‐functionalized polycarbonate‐based foams can be easily recycled into films through thermal compression molding. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that complete hydrolytic degradation of the foams is possible, thus offering the potential for zero‐waste materials. This straightforward and versatile process broadens the scope of isocyanate‐free, self‐foaming materials, opening a new pathway for next‐generation environmentally friendly foams.
Facile preparation of dual functions zeolite‐carbon composite for zinc ion removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Ibrahim Nargis H. , Al‐Jubouri Sama M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe cost‐effective dual functions zeolite‐carbon composite (DFZCC) was prepared using an eco‐friendly substrate prepared from bio‐waste and an organic adhesive at intermediate conditions. The green synthesis method used in this study ensures that chemically harmless compounds are used to obtain a homogeneous distribution of zeolite over porous carbon. The greenly prepared dual‐function composite was extensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, field emission scanning electron microscope, dispersive analysis by X‐ray, and point of zero charges. DFZCC had a surface area of 248.84 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.141 cm3/g. DFZCC was used in the sorption process of Zn2+ ions from aqueous solutions, and it achieved higher removal (98%) at normal pH of 6.4 and temperature of 40°C. The Langmuir model was the best model for representing equilibrium data with a maximum sorption capacity of 6.711 mg/g. The kinetic studies showed that the pseudo‐second‐order model was the most appropriate model for representing experimental data. The intra‐particle diffusion kinetics demonstrated that the boundary film is the rate‐determining step in the sorption process. The sorption process of Zn2+ ions by DFZCC was spontaneous and endothermic. Moreover, solidification of the spent DFZCC by kaolin successfully reduced the leaching ions to the solution after 12 weeks from exposure to a salty solution.
In situ crosslinked electrospun gelatin matrix with unoxidized tannic acid through stable hydrogen bonding
Authors: Firdous Syeda Omara , Arif Kiswa , Wong Siew Yee , Li Xu , Arafat M. Tarik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to comprehend the mechanism of in situ crosslinking of gelatin (Gel) with tannic acid (TA) in an unoxidized environment due to TA's biocompatibility, hydroxyl group abundance, and non‐covalent bonding capability. The crosslinking of gelatin in an unoxidized medium offers advantages over oxidized, including enhanced biocompatibility and simplified reaction conditions. In this study, 20% (w/v) gelatin was crosslinked with varying TA percentages at 45°C, followed by electrospinning to obtain fibrous mats using acetic acid (AA) as the solvent. Increasing TA content resulted in a transition from nanoscale to microscale fiber diameter, indicating increased intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The tensile strength of Gel/TA‐5% was 5.6 MPa, surpassing the Gel/TA‐18% sample, suggesting fewer grafting and branching reactions within TA itself. The stability of the gelatin matrix was evaluated through fiber degradation rates within the initial 7‐day period, with percentages of 25%, 38%, 50%, and 85% observed for 18%, 15%, 10%, and 5% TA concentrations, respectively. The swelling percentage of fibrous mats in a buffer solution of pH 7.4 was highest for Gel/TA‐5% at approximately 290%. At lower TA concentrations, the crosslinking density is constrained; hence, progressive fiber disassembly at pH 7.4 improves the TA release, resulting in greater antibacterial efficacy in the first 4 h. Thus, electrospun fibers from in situ crosslinked gelatin with TA in an unoxidized medium holds promise for applications such as drug delivery and wound dressing, owing to the improved properties and enhanced release capabilities of the resulting gelatin‐based fibers
Surface mineralization with controlled polymerization of dopamine
Authors: Ruppel Scott S. , Liang Junfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolydopamine (PDA) has been utilized as a scaffolding for various biomedical applications since its discovery. This versatility arises from the unique property of PDA to coat virtually any surface and its high biocompatibility. In this study, PDA has been used to synthesize calcium phosphate in simulated body fluid on surfaces that normally could not form these mineral layers. PDA has the potential to reduce calcium phosphate. Due to its natural hydrophilicity and the high density of charged surface groups. Adjusting the reaction conditions has been shown to alter the properties of the PDA coatings and in turn the applications. In this study, we will observe how controlling the reaction conditions to adjust properties of PDA can alter the mineral layer formed on the polymer surface. By maximizing the surface area of the polymer, the number of polar groups on the surface available to bind the mineralization. We will illustrate both the degree of mineralization on the surface as well as the chemical content of the minerals. We will illustrate that the ability of PDA to form calcium phosphate can be enhanced to allow for better biocompatibility for biomedical implants.
Conservation of temporary streams: The relevance of spatiotemporal variation in beta diversity
Authors: Rodríguez‐Lozano P. , Lobera G. , Pardo I. , García L. , Garcia C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Temporary streams are affected by increasing human alterations, and this situation is expected to worsen under global change. Understanding biodiversity trends and the contribution of sites and species to β‐diversity is of high importance in establishing conservation priorities at a regional scale.
This paper focuses on aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity in temporary streams on the island of Mallorca, using a space–time framework. Differences in α‐diversity, spatial–temporal fluctuations of β‐diversity, local contribution to β‐diversity (LCBD) and species contribution to β‐diversity (SCBD) were examined.
Data analysis shows that only the space–time approach to β‐diversity can capture the full variation of macroinvertebrate composition in temporary streams. This confirmed our hypothesis that β‐diversity patterns are better explained by incorporating the temporal dimension to the space–time approach.
Regarding β‐diversity components, species replacement components always dominate over richness difference. These results imply that β‐diversity variability is mainly caused by differences in species composition, while the relative difference in richness among sites has a minor role. Consequently, the optimal conservation strategy requires the protection of several undisturbed sites.
Although the LCBD analysis did not detect any keystone sites, it helped to identify those sites that should be prioritized for restoration efforts (sites with high LCBD values and low α‐diversity). We also concluded that SCBD analysis should be interpreted carefully, as rare endemic species had low SCBD values.
This study demonstrated the need for incorporating temporal variability in the analysis of biodiversity patterns in highly dynamic ecosystems, such as temporary streams. It also revealed the urgency of preserving a spatial network of temporary streams under non‐impaired conditions that can act as dispersal point sources to other streams for biodiversity conservation. These insights are relevant for Mallorca and other Mediterranean islands, and for the protection of temporary rivers elsewhere.