bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sino‐nasal outcome Test‐22 and Lund–Mackay CT score to select endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Taheri Abolfazl , Hasani Sajad , Saberi Esfeedvajani Mohsen , Saeedi Masoumeh , Abolghasemi Reyhane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesChronic rhinosinusitis is one of the common diseases that cause morbidity and affects a person's quality of life. We tried to provide a more appropriate and effective approach to selecting patients for endoscopic sinus surgery.MethodsThe study population is chronic rhinosinusitis children referred to the ear, nose, and throat clinic of two general hospitals in Tehran, Iran, who have previously undergone sufficient drug treatment and have not recovered. The Lund–Mackay score is calculated by examining the computed tomography (CT) scan. The Sino‐nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22) questionnaire was provided to the patients before the operation, after the operation, and 3 and 6 months later in the clinic.ResultsBefore the operation, the most SNOT‐22 score people were in the range of 40–59 points. The SNOT‐22 score before the operation is significantly different from 3 and 6 months after the operation. The highest frequency of Lund–Mackay CT (LMCT) scan score was in the range of 18–23 points. The LMCT scan score did not show any significant relationship with the SNOT‐22 score before surgery, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Sensitivity to aspirin had a significant relationship with SNOT‐22 scores and the history of asthma and nasal polyps had a significant relationship with the preoperative LMCT scan score.ConclusionsThe LMCT scan scoring system cannot be a good measure of chronic rhinosinusitis severity or the prognosis of patients after surgery. The SNOT‐22 questionnaire can be used as a predictive tool to help the doctor and the patient in deciding to operate and the possibility of obtaining a relative recovery.
Erkrankungen, Pflegebedürftigkeit und subjektive Gesundheit im hohen Alter
Authors: Zimmermann Jaroslava , Brijoux Thomas , Zank Susanne 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungZwischen November 2020 und April 2021 wurde im Rahmen der bundesweiten Studie „Hohes Alter in Deutschland“ (D80+) eine repräsentative schriftliche Befragung von mehr als 10.000 Personen ab 80 Jahren zu deren Lebenssituation und Lebensqualität durchgeführt. Die Befragung erfolgte damit unter dem Eindruck der zweiten und dritten Welle der Coronapandemie. Das vorliegende Kapitel beschreibt die gesundheitliche Situation sehr alter Menschen auf Grundlage von exemplarisch ausgewählten objektiven Gesundheitsindikatoren wie der Anzahl von ärztlich behandelten Erkrankungen und Pflegebedürftigkeit sowie der subjektiven Bewertung des Gesundheitszustands. Darüber hinaus wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Gesundheit der Hochaltrigen und ihrer Lebenszufriedenheit und Autonomie dargestellt.
Einsamkeit in der Hochaltrigkeit
Authors: Kaspar Roman , Wenner Judith , Tesch-Römer Clemens 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungZwischen November 2020 und April 2021 wurde im Rahmen der bundesweiten Studie „Hohes Alter in Deutschland“ eine schriftliche Befragung von mehr als 10.000 Personen ab 80 Jahren zu deren Lebenssituation und Lebensqualität durchgeführt. Dieser vierte Kurzbericht aus der deutschlandweiten Repräsentativbefragung stellt dar, wie stark hochaltrige Menschen in Deutschland vonEinsamkeitsgefühlenbetroffen sind und welchesRisiko- und Schutzfaktorenfür subjektiv erlebte Einsamkeit sind.
Social DNA Nanorobots
Authors: Yang Ming , Reif John 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe describe social DNA nanorobots, which are autonomous mobile DNA devices that execute a series of pair-wise interactions between simple individual DNA nanorobots, causing a desired overall outcome behavior for the group of nanorobots which can be relatively complex. We present various designs for social DNA nanorobots that walk over a 2D nanotrack and collectively exhibit various programmed behaviors. These employ only hybridization and strand-displacement reactions, without use of enzymes. The novel behaviors of social DNA nanorobots designed here include: (i) Self-avoiding random walking, where a group of DNA nanorobots randomly walk on a 2D nanotrack and avoid the locations visited by themselves or any other DNA nanorobots. (ii) Flocking, where a group of DNA nanorobots follow the movements of a designated leader DNA nanorobot, and (iii) Voting by assassination, a process where there are originally two unequal size groups of DNA nanorobots; when pairs of DNA nanorobots from distinct groups collide, one or the other will be assassinated (by getting detached from the 2D nanotrack and diffusing into the solution away from the 2D nanotrack); eventually all members of the smaller groups of DNA nanorobots are assassinated with high likelihood. To simulate our social DNA nanorobots, we used a surface-based CRN simulator.
The Evolution of DNA-Based Molecular Computing
Authors: Wang Fei , Li Qian , Fan Chunhai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe first demonstration of DNA computing was realized by Adleman in 1994, aiming to solve hard combinational problems with DNA molecules. This pioneering work initiated the evolution of the field of DNA computing during the last three decades. Up to date, the implemented functions of DNA computing have been expanded to logic operations, neural network computations, time-domain oscillator circuits, distributed computing, etc. Herein, the history of DNA computing is briefly reviewed, followed by discussions on opportunities and challenges of DNA-based molecular computing, especially from the perspective of algorithm design. Future directions and design strategies for next-generation DNA computing is also discussed.
Beyond DNA: New Digital Polymers
Authors: Tikhomirov Grigory 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFrom a programming perspective, DNA is stunningly simple: a string of bits coding two types of interactions. The specific chemical form of DNA given to us by evolution imposes significant constraints on what is possible with DNA nanotechnology. In this paper, I propose three designs for new digital DNA-like polymers that retain the essential information-bearing properties of DNA while enabling functions not achievable with DNA such as greater stability, programmability, and precision.
Controlling Single Molecule Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers with DNA
Authors: Hansen Rikke Asbæk , Gothelf Kurt Vesterager 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe unique specificity of DNA interactions and our ability to synthesize artificial functionalized DNA sequences makes it the ideal material for controlling self-assembly and chemical reactions of components attached to DNA sequences. Inspired by the field of molecular electronics and the lack of methods to assemble molecular components, we have explored the organization of conjugated molecular components using DNA-based self-assembly. In this chapter, we provide an overview of our efforts first to assemble and chemically couple conjugated molecules directed by DNA, and more recently to assemble conjugated polymers in DNA nanostructures. At the end of the chapter, we provide a short overview of work by other groups in the field.
Breaking rotations without violating the KSS viscosity bound
Authors: Baggioli Matteo , Cremonini Sera , Early Laura , Li Li , Sun Hao-Tian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We revisit the computation of the shear viscosity to entropy ratio in a holographic p-wave superfluid model, focusing on the role of rotational symmetry breaking. We study the interplay between explicit and spontaneous symmetry breaking and derive a simple horizon formula for η/s, which is valid also in the presence of explicit breaking of rotations and is in perfect agreement with the numerical data. We observe that a source which explicitly breaks rotational invariance suppresses the value of η/s in the broken phase, competing against the effects of spontaneous symmetry breaking. However, η/s always reaches a constant value in the limit of zero temperature, which is never smaller than the Kovtun-Son-Starinets (KSS) bound, 1/4π. This behavior appears to be in contrast with previous holographic anisotropic models which found a power-law vanishing of η/s at small temperature. This difference is shown to arise from the properties of the near-horizon geometry in the extremal limit. Thus, our construction shows that the breaking of rotations itself does not necessarily imply a violation of the KSS bound.
Influence of single-ionized oxygen vacancies on the generation of ferromagnetism in SnO2 and SnO2:Cr nanowires
Authors: Montalvo D. , Gómez V. , de la Cruz W. , Camacho-López S. , Rivero I. , Carrera K. , Orozco V. , Santillán C. , Matutes J. , Herrera-Zaldívar M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, we report the influence of single-ionized oxygen vacancies ($$V^{\prime}_{{\text{O}}}$$

V
O
′

) as a spin ½ system in the ferromagnetic response of undoped and Cr-doped SnO2 nanowires. For this study, undoped and Cr-doped SnO2 nanowires were synthesized by a thermal evaporation method. Raman, Auger, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies confirmed the incorporation of Cr3+ ions in the SnO2 lattice. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements demonstrated the presence of single-ionized oxygen vacancies ($$V^{\prime}_{{\text{O}}}$$

V
O
′

) in undoped and Cr-doped nanowires. Complementarily, cathodoluminescence measurements confirmed the presence of VO defects in the samples. Magnetic measurements revealed FM behavior from the undoped SnO2 and Cr-doped SnO2 nanowires, showing magnetization saturation values (MS) of ± 1 × 10–3 and ± 1.6 × 10–3 emu/g, respectively, and magnetic coercivity values (HC) of 180 and 200 Oe. We assign the FM response of nanowires to the presence of single ionized $$V^{\prime}_{{\text{O}}}$$

V
O
′

acting as a spin ½ system and to the alignment of magnetic moments of Cr3+ ions, finding that $$V^{\prime}_{{\text{O}}}$$

V
O
′

defects dominate in the FM generation.
Infiltration therapy in the context of cartilage surgery
Authors: Steens Wolfram , Zinser Wolfgang , Rößler Philip , Heyse Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGuideline-based surgical cartilage therapy for focal cartilage damage offers highly effective possibilities to sustainably reduce patients’ complaints and to prevent or at least delay the development of early osteoarthritis. In the knee joint, it has the potential to reduce almost a quarter of the arthroses requiring joint replacement caused by cartilage damage. Biologically effective injection therapies could further improve these results. Based on the currently available literature and preclinical studies, intra- and postoperative injectables may have a positive effect of platelet-rich plasma/fibrin (PRP/PRF) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on cartilage regeneration and, in the case of HA injections, also on the clinical outcome can be assumed. The role of a combination therapy with use of intra-articular corticosteroids is lacking in the absence of adequate study data and cannot be defined yet. With regard to adipose tissue-based cell therapy, the current scientific data do not yet justify any recommendation for its use. Further studies also regarding application intervals, timing and differences in different joints are required.
Effects of solvent-based adhesive removal on the subsequent dual analysis of fingerprint and DNA
Authors: Gausterer Christian , Birnbaumer Gerald , Ondrovics Wolfgang , Stein Christina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe combined approach of classical fingerprinting and DNA profiling is a powerful tool in forensic investigations of latent “touch” traces. However, little attention has been paid to the organic solvents frequently used in dactyloscopic laboratories to facilitate the separation of adhesive evidence prior to fingerprint development and downstream effects on subsequent DNA profiling. In the present study, we tested a selection of adhesive removers (n = 9) and assessed their potential impact on DNA recovery and amplification by PCR. Thereby, we identified and characterized novel PCR inhibitors. All investigated chemicals contain volatile organic compounds that evaporate under normal indoor atmospheric conditions. Exposure to certain solvents resulted in increased DNA degradation, but only if evaporation was prevented. A series of adhesive-removal experiments were conducted with prepared mock evidence (self-adhesive postage stamps affixed to paper envelope) to investigate the impact of treatment time and the location of applied traces on DNA recovery and dactyloscopy, respectively. Due to the early onset of print decomposition, we found that only a short treatment time was compatible with the development of fingerprints on the adhesive side of a stamp. Solvents also removed DNA from the adhesive surface, thus resulting in a marked shift in the substrate distribution of recovered DNA from the stamp to the envelope, but not in the reverse direction. Furthermore, we observed that treatment with conventional fingerprint reagents lead to a significant reduction in the amounts of DNA recovered from stamps, while the additional use of adhesive removers did not significantly enhance this effect.
Loss of the large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel causes an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Kulawiak Bogusz , Żochowska Monika , Bednarczyk Piotr , Galuba Andrzej , Stroud David A. , Szewczyk Adam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels play an important role in cellular physiology. These channels are expressed in healthy tissues and cancer cells. Activation of mitoK channels can protect neurons and cardiac tissue against injury induced by ischemia–reperfusion. In cancer cells, inhibition of mitoK channels leads to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which leads to cell death. In glioma cell activity of the mitochondrial, large conductance calcium-activated potassium (mitoBKCa) channel is regulated by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In our project, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology in human glioblastoma U-87 MG cells to generate knockout cell lines lacking the α-subunit of the BKCa channel encoded by the KCNMA1 gene, which also encodes cardiac mitoBKCa. Mitochondrial patch-clamp experiments showed the absence of an active mitoBKCa channel in knockout cells. Additionally, the absence of this channel resulted in increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. However, analysis of the mitochondrial respiration rate did not show significant changes in oxygen consumption in the cell lines lacking BKCa channels compared to the wild-type U-87 MG cell line. These observations were reflected in the expression levels of selected mitochondrial genes, organization of the respiratory chain, and mitochondrial morphology, which did not show significant differences between the analyzed cell lines. In conclusion, we show that in U-87 MG cells, the pore-forming subunit of the mitoBKCa channel is encoded by the KCNMA1 gene. Additionally, the presence of this channel is important for the regulation of reactive oxygen species levels in mitochondria.
New mixed integer fractional programming problem and some multi-objective models for sparse optimization
Authors: Pirouz Behzad , Gaudioso Manlio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) model for sparse optimization based on the polyhedral k-norm. We put special emphasis on the application of sparse optimization in Feature Selection for Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification. We address the continuous relaxation of the problem, which comes out in the form of a fractional programming problem (FPP). In particular, we consider a possible way for tackling FPP by reformulating it via a DC (Difference of Convex) decomposition. We also overview the SVM models and the related Feature Selection in terms of multi-objective optimization. The results of some numerical experiments on benchmark classification datasets are reported.
Differentiation of benign and malignant vertebral fractures using a convolutional neural network to extract CT-based texture features
Authors: Goller Sophia S. , Foreman Sarah C. , Rischewski Jon F. , Weißinger Jürgen , Dietrich Anna-Sophia , Schinz David , Stahl Robert , Luitjens Johanna , Siller Sebastian , Schmidt Vanessa F. , Erber Bernd , Ricke Jens , Liebig Thomas , Kirschke Jan S. , Dieckmeyer Michael , Gersing Alexandra S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the diagnostic performance of three-dimensional (3D) CT-based texture features (TFs) using a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based framework to differentiate benign (osteoporotic) and malignant vertebral fractures (VFs).

Methods
A total of 409 patients who underwent routine thoracolumbar spine CT at two institutions were included. VFs were categorized as benign or malignant using either biopsy or imaging follow-up of at least three months as standard of reference. Automated detection, labelling, and segmentation of the vertebrae were performed using a CNN-based framework (https://anduin.bonescreen.de). Eight TFs were extracted: Varianceglobal, Skewnessglobal, energy, entropy, short-run emphasis (SRE), long-run emphasis (LRE), run-length non-uniformity (RLN), and run percentage (RP). Multivariate regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to compare TFs between benign and malignant VFs.

Results
Skewnessglobal showed a significant difference between the two groups when analyzing fractured vertebrae from T1 to L6 (benign fracture group: 0.70 [0.64–0.76]; malignant fracture group: 0.59 [0.56–0.63]; and p = 0.017), suggesting a higher skewness in benign VFs compared to malignant VFs.

Conclusion
Three-dimensional CT-based global TF skewness assessed using a CNN-based framework showed significant difference between benign and malignant thoracolumbar VFs and may therefore contribute to the clinical diagnostic work-up of patients with VFs.
Proton beam radiation therapy for vestibular schwannomas-tumor control and hearing preservation rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Santacroce Antonio , Trandafirescu Mioara- Florentina , Levivier Marc , Peters David , Fürweger Christoph , Toma-Dasu Iuliana , George Mercy , Daniel Roy Thomas , Maire Raphael , Nakamura Makoto , Faouzi Mohamed , Schiappacasse Luis , Dasu Alexandru , Tuleasca Constantin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
Proton beam therapy is considered, by some authors, as having the advantage of delivering dose distributions more conformal to target compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of proton beam for VSs, evaluating tumor control and cranial nerve preservation rates, particularly with regard to facial and hearing preservation.

Methods
We reviewed, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) articles published between 1968 and September 30, 2022. We retained 8 studies reporting 587 patients.

Results
Overall rate of tumor control (both stability and decrease in volume) was 95.4% (range 93.5–97.2%, p heterogeneity= 0.77, p<0.001). Overall rate of tumor progression was 4.6% (range 2.8–6.5%, p heterogeneity < 0.77, p<0.001). Overall rate of trigeminal nerve preservation (absence of numbness) was 95.6% (range 93.5–97.7%, I2 = 11.44%, p heterogeneity= 0.34, p<0.001). Overall rate of facial nerve preservation was 93.7% (range 89.6–97.7%, I2 = 76.27%, p heterogeneity<0.001, p<0.001). Overall rate of hearing preservation was 40.6% (range 29.4–51.8%, I2 = 43.36%, p heterogeneity= 0.1, p<0.001).

Conclusion
Proton beam therapy for VSs achieves high tumor control rates, as high as 95.4%. Facial rate preservation overall rates are 93%, which is lower compared to the most SRS series. Compared with most currently reported SRS techniques, proton beam radiation therapy for VSs does not offer an advantage for facial and hearing preservation compared to most of the currently reported SRS series.
Maternal Mental Health and Children’s Problem Behaviours: A Bi-directional Relationship?
Authors: Lowthian Emily , Bedston Stuart , Kristensen Sara Madeleine , Akbari Ashley , Fry Richard , Huxley Katy , Johnson Rhodri , Kim Hyun Sue , Owen Rhiannon K. , Taylor Chris , Griffiths Lucy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransactional theory and the coercive family process model have illustrated how the parent-child relationship is reciprocal. Emerging research using advanced statistical methods has examined these theories, but further investigations are necessary. In this study, we utilised linked health data on maternal mental health disorders and explored their relationship with child problem behaviours via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for over 13 years. We accessed data from the Millennium Cohort Study, linked to anonymised individual-level population-scale health and administrative data within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. We used Bayesian Structural Equation Modelling, specifically Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models, to analyse the relationships between mothers and their children. We then explored these models with the addition of time-invariant covariates. We found that a mother’s mental health was strongly associated over time, as were children’s problem behaviours. We found mixed evidence for bi-directional relationships, with only emotional problems showing bi-directional associations in mid to late childhood. Only child-to-mother pathways were identified for the overall problem behaviour score and peer problems; no associations were found for conduct problems or hyperactivity. All models had strong between-effects and clear socioeconomic and sex differences. We encourage the use of whole family-based support for mental health and problem behaviours, and recommend that socioeconomic, sex and wider differences should be considered as factors in tailoring family-based interventions and support.
Determination of sediment sources following a major wildfire and evaluation of the use of color properties and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as tracers
Authors: Kieta K. A. , Owens P. N. , Petticrew E. L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This research aimed to determine if a severe wildfire caused changes in the source of sediment being delivered to downstream aquatic systems and evaluate the use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and color properties as tracers.

Methods
Sediment samples were collected from 2018 to 2021 in three tributaries impacted by the 2018 Shovel Lake wildfire and from two sites on the mainstem of the Nechako River, British Columbia. Source samples were collected from burned and unburned soils as well as from channel banks and road-deposited sediment. Samples were analyzed for color properties and for the 16 US Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs. After statistical tests to determine the conservatism and ability to discriminate between sources by the tracers, the MixSIAR unmixing model was used, and its outputs were tested using virtual mixtures.

Result
In the tributaries, burned topsoil was an important contributor to sediment (up to 50%). The mainstem Nechako River was not influenced as significantly by the fires as the greatest contributor was banks (up to 89%). The color properties provided more realistic results than those based on PAHs.

Conclusion
In smaller watersheds, the wildfire had a noticeable impact on sediment sources, though the impacts of the fire seemed to be diluted in the distal mainstem Nechako River. Color tracers behaved conservatively and discriminated between contrasting sources. Due to their low cost and reliability, they should be considered more widely. While PAHs did not work in this study, there are reasons to believe they could be a useful tracer, but more needs to be understood about their behavior and degradation over time.