bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of China's zero markup drug policy on drug costs for managing Parkinson's disease and its complications: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Wang Ruilin , Li Xinya , Gu Xinchun , Cai Qian , Wang Yayong , Yi Zhan-Miao , Chen Li-Chia 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundIn April 2009, the Chinese government launched Zero Markup Drug Policy (ZMDP) to adjust medical institutions' revenue and expenditure structures.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the impact of implementing ZMDP (as an intervention) on the drug costs for managing Parkinson's disease (PD) and its complications from the healthcare providers' perspective.MethodsThe drug costs for managing PD and its complications per outpatient visit or inpatient stay were estimated using electronic health data from a tertiary hospital in China from January 2016 to August 2018. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted to evaluate the immediate change following the intervention (step change, β1) and the change in slope, comparing post-intervention with the pre-intervention period (trend change, β2). Subgroup analyses were conducted in outpatients within the strata of age, patients with or without health insurance, and whether drugs were listed in the national Essential Medicine List (EML).ResultsOverall, 18,158 outpatient visits and 366 inpatient stays were included. Outpatient (β1 = −201.7, 95%CI: −285.4, −117.9) and inpatient (β1 = −372.1, 95% CI: −643.6, −100.6) drug costs for managing PD significantly decreased when implementing ZMDP. However, for outpatients without health insurance, the trend change in drug costs for managing PD (β2 = 16.8, 95% CI: 8.0, 25.6) or PD complications (β2 = 12.6, 95% CI: 5.5, 19.7) significantly increased. Trend changes in outpatient drug costs for managing PD differed when stratifying drugs listed in EML (β2 = −1.4, 95% CI: −2.6, −0.2) or not (β2 = 6.3, 95%CI: 2.0, 10.7). Trend changes of outpatient drug costs for managing PD complications significantly increased in drugs listed in EML (β2 = 14.7, 95% CI 9.2, 20.3), patients without health insurance (β2 = 12.6, 95% CI 5.5, 19.7), and age under 65 (β2 = 24.3, 95% CI 17.3, 31.4).ConclusionsDrug costs for managing PD and its complications significantly decreased when implementing ZMDP. However, the trend in drug costs increased significantly in several subgroups, which may offset the decrease at the implementation.
Clinical outcomes of cryptozoospermic patients undergoing surgical sperm retrieval
Authors: Kaiyal Raneen Sawaid , Cannarella Rossella , Kuroda Shinnosuke , Parekh Neel V. , Vij Sarah C. , Lundy Scott D. 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionCryptozoospermia is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the presence of isolated sperm cell in the ejaculate only identified after an extended microscopic search or after being pelleted. Although the number of spermatozoa is usually sufficient for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), ICSI fails due to poor sperm quality in some cases. Contention remains regarding whether testicular sperm offers any advantage in this unique situation. At our tertiary referral center, we will offer patients a surgical sperm retrieval via conventional or microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) for men with cryptozoospermia and failed ICSI, or where ejaculated specimens are immotile or insufficient for ICSI. In this study, we sought to describe our experience and evaluate the predictors of success in cryptozoospermic patients who had microTESE at our center.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our electronic medical records for all patients with cryptozoospermia who underwent microTESE between 2007- 2021 for failed ICSI with ejaculated sperm or sperm quality deemed to be of insufficient quality for ICSI (e.g., nonmotile sperm). We evaluated demographics, preoperative lab results, pathology results, sperm retrieval rate (SRR) and ICSI outcomes.Results28 cryptozoospermic patients were identified. These patients underwent 37 unique microTESE. 22 of these men had failed previous ICSI treatment with ejaculated sperm, while the other 6 patients had ejaculated sperm with non-suitable quality for ICSI. None had genetic abnormalities. Successful retrieval of motile sperm suitable for ICSI was achieved in in 30 micro TESE procedures (SRR: 81.0%).14 out of 28 patients (50%) who underwent embryo transfer had positive pregnancy result, and 12/28 patients (42.8%) had successful live birth. The most common pathological pattern was hypospermatogenesis found in 65.3% (17/26). Fibrosis pathology was significantly higher in the negative pregnancy group. There were no postoperative complications noted.DisscussionThe use of testicular sperm in cryptozoospermic men with failed prior ICSI using ejaculated sperm has a high rate of pregnancy and live birth. While still controversial, our results suggest that surgical sperm retrieval is a viable option for these men with minimal risk of complications.
The nearby astrometric-spectroscopic binary star Hip 68682
Authors: Xia Fang , Wang Xiaoli , Fu Yanning , Chen Yue 
Published: May 2023

The nearby astrometric-spectroscopic binary star Hip 68682 has an orbital period of ∼ 9.88 yr. The dynamical state (component masses and kinematic parameters) of this system is redetermined by fitting all the observational data available to us, including the radial velocity data (RVD), the relative position data (RPD), and the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data (HIAD). The precision-weighted sum of squared residuals calculated from our results is significantly smaller than the previous ones. With the simulated data based on Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST), the relative orbit could be improved further.Based on the known apparent magnitude information and the fitted parallax 60.59 ± 0.36 mas, we derive the absolute V magnitudes of the two components as 5.21 mag and 8.91 mag, respectively. The component masses are determined to be 0.946 ± 0.024M⊙ and 0.526 ± 0.014M⊙. These improved dynamical masses are helpful to constrain the stellar empirical mass–luminosity relation (MLR) for low mass stars. However, significant improvement of mass–luminosity relation for this mass region still needs more data.
Skill-Mix Changes Targeting Health Promotion and Prevention Interventions and Effects on Outcomes in all Settings (Except Hospitals): Overview of Reviews
Authors: Maier Claudia Bettina , Winkelmann Juliane , Pfirter Laura , Williams Gemma A. 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Skill-mix changes to step up health promotion and prevention are increasing, but there is limited evidence on their effects.Methods: Overview of reviews, based on a protocol. The search was carried out in six databases, screening was performed ensuring high interrater reliability. All countries, health professions and lay workers in all settings (except hospitals) were included, quality appraisals performed.Results: A total of 31 systematic reviews were included. Expanded roles performing outreach (e.g., home visits) had mostly positive effects on access and health outcomes, primarily for hard-to-reach groups. Task-shifting in colorectal or skin cancer screenings (performed by advanced practice nurses) were suggested effective; supporting roles (by community health workers) increased uptake in screenings, but based on limited evidence. Expanded roles of various professions focusing on lifestyle modification showed promising effects in most reviews, including weight, diet, smoking cessation and physical activity. Reviews on cost-effectiveness were based on limited evidence.Conclusion: Promising skill-mix changes included expanded roles providing lifestyle modifying interventions, task-shifting, and outreach roles for hard-to-reach groups, whereas evidence on costs was limited.
Chinese Mothers’ Intent to Disclose Their HIV Status to Their Children: The Role of Positive Outcome Expectations and Reward Responsiveness
Authors: Wang Qian , Hui Kam Hei , Wang Ailing , Wang Xiaoyan , Sun He , Lau Stephanie Tsz Yung , Wang Changhe , Mo Phoenix Kit Han 
Published: May 2023

Objective: The current study investigated the role of positive outcome expectations and reward responsiveness in intention to disclose HIV status to children among women living with HIV in China. The moderating role of reward responsiveness was also explored.Method: A 1-year longitudinal survey was conducted. 269 women living with HIV who had at least one child aged &gt;5 years and had not yet disclosed their HIV status to their oldest child were selected from a larger sample of women living with HIV at baseline, with a total of 261 respondents completing the follow-up survey.Results: After adjusting for significant socio-demographic and medical variables, positive outcome expectations positively predicted mothers’ intention to disclose HIV, while reward responsiveness had a negative effect. A moderation effect of reward responsiveness was found, with further analysis showing that reward responsiveness has strengthened the relationship between positive outcome expectations and intention to disclose HIV.Conclusion: Findings support the relevance of positive outcome expectations and reward responsiveness to intention of disclosure among women living with HIV in China.
(±)-3-Deoxyradicinin Induces Stomata Opening and Chloroplast Oxidative Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Samperna Simone , Zanotti Clarissa , Scafato Patrizia , Boari Angela , Visconti Sabina , Vurro Maurizio , Superchi Stefano , Evidente Antonio , Marra Mauro 
Published: May 2023

Radicinin is a phytotoxic dihydropyranopyran-4,5-dione isolated from the culture filtrates of Cochliobolus australiensis, a phytopathogenic fungus of the invasive weed buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Radicinin proved to have interesting potential as a natural herbicide. Being interested in elucidating the mechanism of action and considering radicinin is produced in small quantities by C. australiensis, we opted to use (±)-3-deoxyradicinin, a synthetic analogue of radicinin that is available in larger quantities and shows radicinin-like phytotoxic activities. To obtain information about subcellular targets and mechanism(s) of action of the toxin, the study was carried out by using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), which, apart from its economic relevance, has become a model plant species for physiological and molecular studies. Results of biochemical assays showed that (±)-3-deoxyradicinin administration to leaves induced chlorosis, ion leakage, hydrogen peroxide production, and membrane lipid peroxidation. Remarkably, the compound determined the uncontrolled opening of stomata, which, in turn, resulted in plant wilting. Confocal microscopy analysis of protoplasts treated with (±)-3-deoxyradicinin ascertained that the toxin targeted chloroplasts, eliciting an overproduction of reactive singlet oxygen species. This oxidative stress status was related by qRT-PCR experiments to the activation of transcription of genes of a chloroplast-specific pathway of programmed cell death.
Emoqol-100: Development and validation of a single question for low mood in primary care. A retrospective audit.
Authors: Dahle Nina Edel , Matthew Carolyn , Roskvist Rachel Petronella , Moir Fiona , Arroll Bruce 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPatients with depression need to be diagnosed and managed effectively in primary care. However, current inventories for case-finding low mood are time-consuming when considering the limited time available during appointments.AimTo validate the diagnostic accuracy of a single question on the emotional quality of life (Emoqol-100) as a measure of depression in symptomatic patients.Design & settingA retrospective clinical audit, validating the Emoqol-100 compared with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Burns Depression Scale Today (BDST) in South Auckland, New Zealand.MethodConsecutive patients with suspected low mood, seen over 22 months in a single primary care clinic by one of the authors, were eligible for this retrospective audit (n= 160). The index test was the verbally asked Emoqol-100: 'How is your emotional quality of life now, with 100 being perfect and 0 being the worst imaginable?' The reference standard was the PHQ-9 (n= 426 visits) with a cut-off point of ≥10 or BDST (n= 513 visits) with a cut-off point of ≥6.ResultsThe Emoqol-100 range 0–20 had a likelihood ratio (LR) of 25.2 for low mood compared with the BDST as the reference standard; and for Emoqol-100 scores of 21–40, 41–60, 61–80, and 81–100 the LRs were 3.6, 1.7, 0.35, and 0.09, respectively. For the PHQ-9, these were 10.1, 2.9, 1.3, 0.40, and 0.2, respectively. Any score ≤60 was associated with a low mood.ConclusionThe Emoqol-100 appears to have high validity, so when it is low (≤60), it is suggestive of a high PHQ-9 or BDST score, and a mood issue probably exists. Emoqol-100 could be helpful for busy primary care professionals and other clinicians.
Longitudinal realist evaluation of the Dementia PersonAlised Care Team (D-PACT) intervention: protocol
Authors: Wheat Hannah , Weston Lauren , Oh Tomasina M , Morgan-Trimmer Sarah , Ingram Wendy , Griffiths Sarah , Sheaff Rod , Clarkson Paul , Medina-Lara Antonieta , Musicha Crispin , Spicer Stuart , Ukoumunne Obioha , Allgar Victoria , Creanor Siobhan , Clark Michael , Quinn Cath , Gude Alex , McCabe Rose , Batool Saqba , Smith Lorna , Richards Debra , Shafi Hannah , Warwick Bethany , Lasrado Reena , Hussain Basharat , Jones Hannah , Dalkin Sonia , Bate Angela , Sherriff Ian , Robinson Louise , Byng Richard 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDifferent dementia support roles exist but evidence is lacking on which aspects are best, for whom, and in what circumstances, and on their associated costs and benefits. Phase 1 of the Dementia PersonAlised Care Team programme (D-PACT) developed a post-diagnostic primary care-based intervention for people with dementia and their carers and assessed the feasibility of a trial.AimPhase 2 of the programme aims to 1) refine the programme theory on how, when, and for whom the intervention works; and 2) evaluate its value and impact.Design & settingA realist longitudinal mixed-methods evaluation will be conducted in urban, rural, and coastal areas across South West and North West England where low-income or ethnic minority populations (for example, South Asian) are represented. Design was informed by patient, public, and professional stakeholder input and phase 1 findings.MethodHigh-volume qualitative and quantitative data will be collected longitudinally from people with dementia, carers, and practitioners. Analyses will comprise the following: 1) realist longitudinal case studies; 2) conversation analysis of recorded interactions; 3) statistical analyses of outcome and experience questionnaires; 4a) health economic analysis examining costs of delivery; and 4b) realist economic analysis of high-cost events and ‘near misses’. All findings will be synthesised using a joint display table, evidence appraisal tool, triangulation, and stakeholder co-analysis.ConclusionThe realist evaluation will describe how, why, and for whom the intervention does or does not lead to change over time. It will also demonstrate how a non-randomised design can be more appropriate for complex interventions with similar questions or populations.
L’État africain typique : lieu ou instrument ?
Authors: Morice Alain 
Published: May 2023

The original african state : instrument or arena ?
The author disrusses first the book edited by Fauré and Medard on Ivory Coast, then the one edited by Bernstein and Campbell Contradictions of Accumulation in Africa. Reviewing the various papers and case studies (Ivory Coast, Mali, Guinea, Nigeria, Kenya), Morice demonstrates that we are in the post-dependency era. «Public» and «private» interests are mingled and the state is more than an instrument. The reproductive system is sometimes akin to a mafia kind of government. A clientelist system allows for civil servants, traders, middle men and «bourgeois» to belong to the intimate sphere of the state. Even, and maybe especially, so-called socialist states, are good examples of this system which in no way is dysfunctional. The papers by Kitching and Beckman demonstrate positively this analysis.
«A chacun son prophète !»
Authors: Kouvouama Abel 
Published: May 2023

To every one his prophet.
The development of religious movements of a prophetic character appears to be a response to the crisis and corresponds to new modes of individual sociability. The attitude of the central authority in the face of these movements is uncertain. At Independence the emerging state depended on these movements with nationalist demands. Today, the state hesitates between proscription for ideological reasons and compromise due to the generalised ressort of the population to these movements.
Marx et l’ombre des fétiches. Pouvoir local contre ndjobi dans le Nord-Congo
Authors: Tonda Joseph 
Published: May 2023

Marx and the shadow of the fetish.
500 kilometers to the North of Brazzaville, a powerful non-syncretic group «Njobi», whose declared aim is the fight against witch craft exercises an important sway on the population. The local representatives of the central authority are thus necessarily led to negotiate with this group. In a general manner, for the adherents of the different mouvments in the struggle against witchcraft, there is no contradiction between the use of these practices and subscription to the tenets of the socialist state.
Le CNR face au monde rural : le discours à l’épreuve des faits
Authors: Tallet Bernard 
Published: May 2023

CNR and the rural sector : confronting discourse with facts.
Burkina Faso’s revolutionary programme of social transformation is anchored on the peasant question, at least on the level of political discourse. It does not seem however, that the Revolution of August 1983 represented an historical break in the relations between the State and the Peasantery. On the contrary, the policy of the CNR is characterised more by continuity than change.
Pouvoir, violence et accumulation
Authors: Mbembe Achille J. 
Published: May 2023

Power, violence and accumulation.
In discussing the relationship between power, violence and accumulation in contemporary Africa, one must keep one’s distance from pseudo-scientific analysis, clichés and phantasms which see only the pathological aspects of African politics. The use of force not only is the necessary condition for domination, but also the way to obtain labour and an essential element in the struggle for the monopoly of accumulation.
Innovations et contestations religieuses
Authors: Otayek René , Toulabor Comi Molevo 
Published: May 2023

Religious innovation and contestation.
In Africa today, all religions - Islam, Christianity, paganism - are on the move. Far from returing to the past, the resurgence of religions questions modernity and for this reason needs to be studied from a political viewpoint. Even though religion may not present a completed alternative project to occidental modernity, it does indicate that secularization does not represent the only future for human societies.
Pluralisme juridique et pratiques successorales loméennes
Authors: Adjamagbo-Johnson Kafui 
Published: May 2023

Legal pluralism and successional practices in Lomé.
The city of Lomé was created by Anlo merchants for whom land was a commodity, the basis of patrimonial strategies in the shadow of the colonial power. Midway between internal and external notions of law, these strategies were reinforced by Togo legislators in the domain of successional law. Property transf errai, in particular of parcenary family dwellings, requires the consensus of lineage members and government authorities and results in new regulatory processes characterized mainly by syncretism and conflict resolution based on negotiations within the originating group.
Compromis locaux et concurrences foncières dans deux villes maliennes
Authors: Bertrand Monique 
Published: May 2023

Local compromise and competition for land in two malian towns.
Sikasso and Koutiala, two towns in southern Mali, have benefited from recycling cotton revenues into urban land. Profits on sales and speculation have, thus, complicated land access or its lineage transfer. Difficulties and conflicts are presented to land commissions whose role was strengthened by the Land Code of 1986.
Their operations, however, largely bypass official principles or judicial classification. Negotiation, the nature of the protagonists, political patronage are factors which explain the regulative restructurations and crossed logic : legitimacy, based falsely on custom or naively on the Land Code, confronts the arduous need to manage family patrimonies within a context of fully-fledged transformation.
Réflexion sur la presse écrite
Authors: Keita Mamadou Konoba 
Published: May 2023

A reflexion about written news.
On the 26 march 1991, president Moussa Traoré’s regim was overthrown. It had muzzled the press for years. There was then a blooming of newspapers in the wake of independent papers like «Les Echos», «Aurore» and «La Roue» (which resisted in spite of difficult conditions); beside the State press, several independent newspapers appeared. But the presence of so many titles on the market with an extremely narrow readership cause many problems : growth, economical problems, lack of professionalism and distribution.
Quand les Églises entrent en politique...
Authors: Urfer Sylvain 
Published: May 2023

When churches turn to politics.
In the conflictual situation created in Madagascar by the July-August 1991 events, the FFKM, the Council of the Christian Madagascan churches appeared beyond doubt the only one able to arbitrate, despite the fact that Christians form no more than 40% of the Madagascan people. The FFKM has little by little become a partner in the négociations, has signed the Panorama Convention, organized a National Forum in which it worked to pass the whole text of the constitution it supported. It has acted apart from the various ecclesiastical hierarchies and discouraged a number of different Christian laymen, therefore dispossessing them of their responsibilities.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Keuangan, Sikap dan Kepribadian terhadap Perilaku Manajemen Keuangan Pelaku UMKM
Authors: Yessica Amelia  , Kusnanto Eri , Permana Ngadi 
Published: May 2023

Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as independent business units and managed are individually have proven make a major contribution to National income and employment. Provinces in Indonesia that have the largest number of MSMEs is DKI Jakarta which is in ranked fourth after West Java, Central Java and East Java. However, there are still major problems in the Indonesian MSME sector that aren’t bankable that means they are unable to meet banking criteria and requirements, so it is necessary to improve financial management behavior to support business development. This study aims to determine the effect of financial knowledge, financial attitude and personality on financial management behavior in MSME in the DKI Jakarta. The sampling technique in this study used simple random sampling so that a sample of 102 MSME was obtained as respondents who were given questionnaires for data collection. The data analysis technique used is validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test and multiple linear regression using e-views10 software. The results showed that the financial knowledge of MSME in DKI Jakarta had a partial influence on financial management behavior as well as personality variables showing an effect on financial management behavior. The results that are different from this study are on the financial attitude which shows no effect on financial management behavior. However, simultaneously or together the results of the research show that the variables of financial knowledge, financial attitudes and personality influence financial management behavior.