bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images Based on Dual Channel Attention Mechanism（DCAM）
Authors: Jiang Jionghui , Feng Xi’an , Huang Hui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

With the rapid increase of remote sensing data and the vigorous development of remote sensing technology, deep learning-based segmentation of remote sensing image targets has become the optimal solution. This paper proposes a deep learning remote sensing image semantic segmentation model based on the dual-channel attention mechanism (DCAM), which combines traditional deep learning segmentation techniques with the latest attention mechanism module. The proposed algorithm inputs RGB remote sensing images into an Unet downsampling network combined with the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to extract color space features, and Gray remote sensing images into an Unet downsampling network combined with the Self-Attention Module (SAM) to extract shape space features. Finally, the Conact method is used to combine the CBAM layer and SAM layer with the Unet upsampling model to achieve semantic segmentation of remote sensing images. The training and testing on the remote sensing image dataset CCF demonstrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper achieves significantly superior segmentation accuracy compared to traditional semantic segmentation algorithms and other semantic segmentation algorithms that combine other attention modules in various aspects.
Mycorrhizal functional type shapes nitrogen availability in a regenerating forest
Authors: Welker Les , Ward Elisabeth B. , Bradford Mark A. , Ferraro Kristy M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims
In closed-canopy, mature forests, tree and shrub mycorrhizal associations are important controls on soil nitrogen availability. Whether these plant-fungal effects are observed in forests at earlier successional stages, following disturbances such as harvests or windstorms, is largely unexplored. We quantify how tree versus shrub mycorrhizal associations influence soil nitrogen cycling and explore the potential for known underlying mechanisms, such as the availability of soil carbon, to explain the patterns we observe.
Methods
We measure potential net N mineralization and nitrification rates, as well as variables associated with carbon availability, for soils from under ecto- or ericoid mycorrhizal plant-fungal associations in a recently harvested temperate forest.
Results
Net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates were suppressed under regenerating ericoid mycorrhizal plants compared to those under ectomycorrhizal associations. Soil carbon availabilities were not different under these functional groups, suggesting that other mechanisms, such as the formation of protein-tannin complexes, likely create nitrogen limitation under ericoid mycorrhizal plants in early successional forest stands.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that understanding local heterogeneity in the functional group diversity of mycorrhizal associations will be as important in early versus mid- to late-successional forest stands, for understanding nitrogen availability in forests and resultingly their responses to intensifying disturbance regimes.
Identification of the circRNA/miRNA/mRNA network and hub mRNAs involved in multiple sclerosis through bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Huang Yanning , Bu Tianshu , Wu Lei , Sun Hui , Gao Sai , Huang Dehui , Zhang Xi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common chronic autoimmune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS); yet, its underlying pathogenesis is still unclear. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been reported to play a crucial role in CNS diseases by modulating miRNA and mRNA through various mechanisms. However, little is known about the relationship between circRNAs and MS. In this study, we utilized bioinformatics to identify differentially expressed circRNAs (DE circRNAs), microRNAs (DE miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (DE mRNAs) between MS patients and healthy controls. A total of 591 DE circRNAs, 147 DE miRNAs, and 199 DE mRNAs were identified. Based on the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) theory, the top 5 circRNAs that differed significantly in DE circRNA were selected to construct the circRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks. Finally, we obtained four networks associated with hsa_circ-0092125, hsa_circ-0025597, hsa_circ-0007609 and hsa_circ-0000807. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to analyse the biological functions of relevant mRNAs in the circRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks, and the results were consistent with the current recognized hypothesis of MS pathogenesis. Additionally, the LASSO model was used to analyse hub mRNAs related to MS in the networks, and circRNA/miRNA/hub mRNA networks were obtained, providing insights into the pathogenesis of MS.
A Combined Analytical and Computational approach towards Mechanophenotyping of Biological Cells using Poroelasticity and Machine Learning
Authors: Haider S. A. , Kumar G. , Goyal T. , Raj A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Mechanical properties are vital biomarkers for the health state of biological cells and indirectly human health. Mathematical and computational models relating the mechanical properties of cells with their deformation are valuable tools for understanding and predicting cellular behavior. Numerous models and techniques have been developed to measure the stiffness and viscosity of biological cells. Recent experimental investigations demonstrated that biological cells are poroelastic materials of solid networks bathed with cytosol liquid in the pores (Moeendarbary et al. (2013), Nature Materials). However, a mathematical model relating the deformation of poroelastic cell material with Young's modulus of Solid networks has not been reported yet to the best of our knowledge. This paper presents a combined mathematical and computational approach to the mechanophenotyping of biological cells. First, an analytical model is presented that considers the poroelastic nature of cells and relates Young's modulus of solid network with cell deformation. The developed model has been validated by predicting its Young’s Modulus based on the experimental data on deformation characteristics of cells squeezing through constriction microchannel. Model’s predicted Young’s Modulus for three different cell lines; HeLa, MCF-10A, and MDAMB-231 are \(153.64\pm 60.3 \text{k}\text{P}\text{a}, 97.84 \pm 41.7 \text{k}\text{P}\text{a}, \text{a}\text{n}\text{d} 67.9 \pm 48.8 \text{k}\text{P}\text{a}\) respectively, which matches well with the measurements reported using conventional techniques in literature. Furthermore, two artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed to predict Young's modulus and viscosity of cells based on measured deformation parameters for HeLa, MCF 10A, and MDA MB-231 cells. The neural network with an architecture of 4-8-9-1 is found to be best suited for Young's modulus predictions with \(R\sim0.974\). In contrast, the 4-7-8-1 architecture could provide better results for viscosity predictions of the given cell lines with \(R\sim0.999\). Further, a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) model is also presented to classify the three given cell lines based on their initial diameter and elongation behavior in the constriction microchannel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to present a poroelasticity-based mathematical model for biological cells predicting cell stiffness based on their deformation characteristics. Additionally, it is the first one to explore the classification of different cell lines based on their elongation ratio, derived from the analysis of static images within a constriction channel, eliminating the need for time-based studies. This combined analytical and computational approach can prove to be very useful for the direct estimation of mechanical properties of cells based on their squeezing behavior through constriction microchannel.
Titanium-embedded nanocomposite material stimulates ion-exchange characteristics to deal with pollutants in aquatic environment
Authors: KODISPATHI T. , MISPA K. JACINTH 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Nano-sized composite ion-exchanger can be applied as an electrochemically switchable ion-exchanger for waste water treatment, especially pollutants removal process. Advanced polyaniline/Ti(IV) iodomolybdate nanocomposite ion-exchanger have been synthesized by in-situ chemical oxidation polymerization shows better ion-exchange capacity than individual inorganic counterpart. The physico-chemical characterization was done by FT-IR, XRD, simultaneous TGA-DTA, SEM, HR-TEM and electrochemical impedance studies. According to impedance/dielectrical study, it has high resistivity in the low frequency region. The distribution studies and binary separation revealed that the ion-exchange material is highly selective for Pb2+, which is a most important environmental pollutant. Thus, PANI/TIM nanocomposite ion-exchanger can be used for Pb(II) ion-selective membrane for the treatment of aquatic pollutants in future.
Spin-Orbit Coupling Dynamics in a Planar Synchronous Binary Asteroid
Authors: Li Bo-Sheng , Tan Pan , Hou Xi-Yun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The 1:1 spin-orbit resonance phenomenon is widely observed in binary asteroid systems. We aim to investigate the intrinsic dynamic mechanism behind the phenomenon under the coupled influence of the secondary’s rotation and orbital motion.
Methods: The planar sphere--ellipsoid model is used to approximate the synchronous binary asteroid. To solve this strongly nonlinear problem, a novel algorithm based on the Lindstedt--Poincaré (LP) method is proposed to find the explicit solution of the quasi-periodic motion.
Results: Numerical simulations for the Didymos system show that the high-order solution is accurate enough to provide the initial orbital conditions for further dynamic study. With the help of the solution, we compute the stable region for the synchronous state, the contour maps of the Lyapunov characteristic exponent, and the resonance curves of the basic frequencies in the parameter space.
Conclusion: The stable synchronous state requires a small eccentricity e of the mutual orbit but permits a large libration angle θ of the secondary. The anti-correlation of θ and e is confirmed. The sable region for a very elongated secondary is small, which explains the lack of such secondaries in observations (see table 1 in Pravec et al (2016)). In addition, the findings of this research provide insights into chaos and the resonances of basic frequencies, which may play an important role in the evolution of a binary asteroid.
Infant age negatively correlates with the overall load of gut resistome reflecting modifications of carbohydrate metabolism during early life
Authors: Xu Xinming , Feng Qingying , Zhang Tao , Cheng Qu , Gao Yunlong , Zhang Wanqiu , Wu Qinglong , Xu Ke , Li Yucan , Nguyen Nhu , Taft Diana , Mills David , Lemay Danielle , Zhu Weiyun , Mao Shengyong , Zhang Anyun , Xu Kelin , Liu Jinxin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:
The infant gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes, yet the assembly of gut resistome in infants and its influencing factors remain largely unknown.
Results:
We characterized resistome in 4132 metagenomes from 963 infants in six countries, and 4285 resistance genes were observed. In healthy infants (N = 272), the summed abundance of resistance genes significantly decreased over the first 14 months with two distinct stages: a multi-compound resistance phase (month 0–7) and a tetracycline-mupirocin-β-lactam dominant phase (month 8–14). Microbial taxonomy explained 43.9% of the gut resistome of healthy infants with Escherichia (25.5%) harboring the most resistance genes. Leveraging metagenomes from all infants (N = 963), we found that age negatively correlated with the overall resistance within three years (P < 0.001). This was due to that the age-dependent reduction of resistance genes (e.g., drug-biocide resistance), which were often intrinsic, from Pseudomonadota outweighed the gradual increase of genes (e.g., β-lactams), most of which were transferrable, from Actinomycetota, Bacillota, and Bacteroidota. Our functional profiling analysis further indicated that the maturation of gut resistome was likely driven by infants’changing carbohydrate metabolism, which demonstrated an increasing need for carbohydrate-active enzymes from Bacteroidota and decreasing involvements from Pseudomonadota during infancy. Importantly, we observed an elevated contribution of acquired resistance genes in the resistome over time which was interrelated with increased lateral gene transfer in the developing infant gut microbiome.
Conclusions:
Infant age negatively correlated with the overall load of gut resistome reflecting programmed modification in the gut microbiome, which was likely driven by the changing carbohydrate metabolism during early life.
Evaluating Language Learning Applications from EFL Learners’ Perspectives: The Case of Mondly
Authors: Hajizadeh Sedigheh , Salman Ahmed Rawdhan , Ebadi Saman 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The field of supplementary language learning applications has experienced considerable growth in recent years. However, evaluations of these applications concerning their affordances and limitations have not been fully explored. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential suitability and limitations of the mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) and computer-assisted language learning (CALL) application called “Mondly” from the perspectives of EFL learners. Drawing upon Reinders and Pegrum’s (2015) framework and utilizing descriptive statistics, we sought to uncover whether Mondly met the assumptions of this framework. A convenience sample of sixty-two participants was recruited to participate in the study. Participants received one training session to learn how to use Mondly and ten sessions to practice learning English as a foreign language (EFL) using the app on their cell phones and website. A final session was allocated for participants to report their experiences of using the app by responding to a questionnaire. The results indicated that Mondly has the potential to benefit EFL learning. The study highlights the importance of evaluating supplementary tools for instructional purposes and identifies some limitations of Mondly. The evaluation can aid in adapting appropriate apps for specific purposes and enhance the quality of MALL applications.
New Model On Multi Floor Simple And Dynamic Plant Layout Problems (MF-SPLP and MF-DPLP)
Authors: sharma rrk , Saini Shivam , Gupta Omprakash K , Lai KK 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Plant layout problems are well researched problems (see Singh and Sharma [10]) for references. SPLPs (simple plant layout problem) are single period problems where one allots facilities to slots so that sum total of material handling cost is minimized; whereas DPLPs (dynamic plant layout problem) are multi-period problems. In DPLP the flows between facilities or machines change as old products are weeded out and newer ones are added. This necessitates that facilities be relocated to different slots so that we have minimized the sum total of relocation cost and the material handling cost. These problems are known to be NP-Hard. Multi-Floor (MF) layout problems are more complex. Here we give three model on MF-SPLP, MF-DPLP and MF sequence dependent DPLP. Novel formulations and its new linearization(s) are given.
Performance of FAINT score for predicting poor clinical outcome in elderly patients presenting with syncope
Authors: koçkara Elif , Aksel Gökhan , Delipoyraz Melike , Arda Umut , Belli Şahin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and Objectives
Our study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the FAINT score in predicting 30-day all-cause death and serious cardiac outcomes in patients aged 60 years and older presenting with syncope.
Methods
Our study, which was designed as a single-center, prospective cohort study, included patients aged 60 years and older who presented to the emergency department with complaints of syncope or presyncope. The primary outcome of the study was defined as 30-day all-cause death or serious cardiac outcome (poor clinical outcome). physician gestalt.
Results
Of the 172 patients included in our study, 9 patients (5.2%) were in the poor clinical outcome group, while 163 (94.8%) patients were in the good clinical outcome group. The sensitivity of the FAINT score was 77.8%, and the specificity was 33.7%. The sensitivity and specificity of the Canadian Syncope Risk Score, which showed the best diagnostic test performance, were calculated as 88.9% and 35.6%, while the sensitivity and specificity of the San Francisco Syncope Rule were 66.7% and 49.1%. The clinician's gestalt had a sensitivity of 33.3% and specificity of 97.6%, showing the lowest performance of all scorings.
Conclusion
The FAINT score showed lower success compared to the diagnostic test performance measures reported in the original study. According to the results of our study, we think that none of the scorings performed adequately and that there is a need to develop clinical decision-making algorithms with higher diagnostic accuracy in the management of patients presenting with syncope.
Dandelion Has Successfully Adapted to Grow in Different Environments
Authors: Abraham Thomas , Abraham Teresa , Thomas Sunil 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers) is a perennial herbaceous plant, generally considered as a weed, often seen blooming in the temperate areas during early spring. Dandelions growing in nature reserves or wastelands are significantly taller compared to those growing in lawns in the suburbs. In the lawns of the suburbs, the flower stalk of dandelion is shorter, with an angle of 300 or lower, and grows parallel to the lawn grass so that they can escape lawn mowing. In addition, the dandelion plants in the suburban lawns have shorter leaves and smaller flowers. The long dandelion seed head stalk that grows vertically helps the wind dispersal of its seeds to be transported large distances. Thus, the dandelion has adapted vegetative features for survival in the suburbs.
Emergence of small amount of organic leaching during copper sorption on treated seaweed under ammonium interference
Authors: Ng Wenfa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Biosorbents have been explored as potential adsorbents for wastewater treatment for the past two decades. One of the hindrances hampering their commercial use in wastewater treatment is organic leaching from the biosorbent during sorption of adsorbates. This work reports the characterisation of organic leaching from formaldehyde crosslinked local marine seaweed in the sorption of 20 ppm Cu2+ synthetic wastewater under ammonium interference of 2500 ppm-N. Results revealed good percent removal of copper ions at close to 80% removal even under strong ammonium competitive binding interference. In terms of organic leaching, the total organic carbon (TOC) profile remained at low level of 2 ppm, which demonstrated good structural integrity and strength of the treated seaweed in adsorbing low concentration copper from synthetic wastewater. However, the result must be interpreted with caution as possibility exists of higher organic leaching with sorption of higher concentration of metal ions. Overall, treated seaweed did exhibit small amount of organic leaching of 2 ppm of TOC during sorption of 20 ppm copper ions from synthetic wastewater under strong ammonium competitive binding effect.
Efficient scheme for time-dependent thermal pure quantum state: Application to the Kitaev model with armchair edges
Authors: Taguchi Hirokazu , Koga Akihisa , Murakami Yuta 
Published: June 2023

We consider the time-dependent thermal pure quantum state method and introduce the efficient scheme to evaluate the change in physical quantities induced by the time-dependent perturbations, which has been proposed in our previous paper [H. Taguchi et al., Phys. Rev. B 105, 125137 (2022)]. Here, we treat the Kitaev model to consider the Majorana-mediated spin transport, as an example. We demonstrate how efficient our scheme is to evaluate spin oscillations induced by the magnetic field pulse.
INTRODUÇÃO À OBSERVATÓRIOS DE INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Enders de Albuquerque Júlio Augusto , Peixoto Santa Rita Luciana , Bittencourt Santana Pinto Ibsen Mateus 
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo tem o intento de compreender os elementos conceituais comuns aos observatórios e propor um entendimento mais efetivo sobre suas missões, funções, objetivos e possíveis classificações. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foram analisados 35 estudos de diferentes setores e contextos sociais, econômicos e políticos, produzidos por cerca de 80 autores. Assim, pode-se apreender que os observatórios são infraestruturas que têm como objetivo produzir e disseminar informações e conhecimentos sobre temas específicos, a fim de subsidiar a tomada de decisão em diferentes áreas. Esses podem ser classificadas de diferentes formas, de acordo com seus objetivos, públicos-alvo, áreas de atuação, entre outros aspectos. Os resultados do estudo realizada indicam que os observatórios são importantes instrumentos para a produção e disseminação de informações e conhecimentos em diferentes áreas, como saúde, educação, meio ambiente, economia, entre outras. Além disso, foi possível identificar a existência de diferentes modelos de observatórios, que variam de acordo com seus objetivos e público-alvo. O estudo apresenta uma contribuição significativa para a consolidação da temática dos observatórios de informação e conhecimento no meio científico, ao agregar literatura inicial e ampla sobre o tema. Espera-se que essa análise possa subsidiar pesquisas futuras sobre o assunto e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e estratégias empresariais que utilizem os observatórios como instrumentos para a tomada de decisão. Além disso, o estudo aponta para a necessidade de maior integração e articulação entre os observatórios existentes, de forma a evitar duplicação de esforços e a potencializar o impacto de suas ações. Também é destacada a importância de investimentos em capacitação e formação de recursos humanos, bem como em tecnologias da informação e comunicação, para garantir a qualidade e a efetividade das atividades realizadas pelos observatórios.
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia - An Update on the Genetics of Underlying
Pathological Mechanisms
Authors: Karikalan Barani , Chakravarthi Srikumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
One of the rapidly growing groups of diseases known as ciliopathies is primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare hereditary illness of the motile cilia. Different clinical symptoms of prima-ry ciliary dyskinesia include infertility, left-right lateralization abnormalities, and chronic upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. Our knowledge of the genetics underlying primary ciliary dyskine-sia has significantly increased in recent years. Involved in the formation, shape, and operation of motile cilia are axonemal, cytoplasmic, and regulatory proteins that are encoded by a rising number of disease-associated genes and pathogenic mutations. We now have a better grasp of the clinical signs and symptoms of motile ciliopathies because of advances in our understanding of cilia genet-ics and the function of the proteins expressed. These developments have altered how we approach primary ciliary dyskinesia diagnostic testing. The clinical characteristics of primary ciliary dyskine-sia, the evolution of diagnostics, and the discovery of previously unknown genotype-phenotype connections in primary ciliary dyskinesia will all be covered in this review paper.