bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive medical Spanish curriculum model: the Vida Medical Spanish Curriculum
Authors: Chang Kyle E. , Lewis Jennifer , Lopez Vera Alexandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Racial and language disparities in the United States healthcare system have long undermined the quality of care provided to minority patients. With the projected growth of the Hispanic population, there is an urgent need for medical schools to integrate high-quality medical Spanish and cultural competency content. We propose a comprehensive medical Spanish curriculum aligned with the preclinical curriculum as a solution to these issues. The primary goal of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of a clinically focused, culturally competent medical Spanish program and advocate for its widespread adoption in medical institutions nationwide.

Methods
The study utilized the Kirkpatrick Model to evaluate the success of the medical Spanish curriculum. A total of 111 medical students voluntarily enrolled in the medical Spanish course. Out of these students, 47 completed the final evaluation, which included a Spanish Objective Structured Clinical Examination and a 40-question Multiple-Choice Exam assessing the integration of Spanish language skills and cultural competency. Both assessment methods took place in clinical skills facilities. Descriptive statistics summarized exam results, and two-tailed t-tests compared mean exam scores between students of different proficiency levels.

Results and discussion
Students achieved a mean score of over 80% on all components of the Spanish Objective Structured Clinical Examination and the Multiple-Choice Exam. Survey data suggest that students felt able to communicate in Spanish with patients after completing the course series. The study also provides a model for a medical Spanish curriculum that applies expert-recommended best practices to meet the needs of Hispanic patient populations.

Limitations and conclusions
Students who sat for the OSCE and MCE were self-selected. Baseline data on student perceptions and Spanish competency are not sufficient for making comparisons.
The effect of physical activity level on the severity of diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Ashraf Ali , Rimaz Siamak , Seddighinejad Abbas , karimi Amin , Hassanzadeh-Rad Afagh , Gholipour Mahboobeh , Motiei Mahsa , Yazdanipour Mohammad Ali , Rimaz Sheida 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is a risk factor for cardiovascular events in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries. Investigators aimed to assess the effect of physical activity level on the diastolic function of the left ventricle (LV) in patients attending the preoperative visit.

Methods
This analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 228 patients referred to Poursina hospital from November 2021 to March 2022. To define the physical activity level, we used the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We categorized patients into inactive, minimally active, and health-enhancing physical activity groups. We also divided participants into three groups based on their daily sitting time. Also, echocardiographic parameters were calculated. The diastolic function of LV was evaluated, and its grading was defined from mild (grade1) to severe (grade 3).

Results
Results showed that patients with DD had significantly higher age and lower levels of education (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). After assessing echocardiographic parameters, we found that E/e’, TR Velocity, left atrial volume index, and pulmonary artery pressure had a statistically significant inverse relationship with physical activity level (P < 0.001 for all). Comparing physical activity level of subgroups showed that in HEPA (health-enhancing physical activity), the chance of developing grade 2 or 3 DD was reduced by 97% compared to the inactive group (OR = 0.03, P < 0.001). Still, there was no significant difference between the inactive and minimally active groups (P = 0.223).

Conclusions
This study showed an inverse relationship between physical activity level and DD of the LV in a sample of 228 individuals attending the Anesthesia Clinic, independent of potentially confounding variables.Therefore, due to lower rate of DD in patients who are physically active, we can expect lower occurrence rate of cardiovascular events during surgery.
Overcoming acquired resistance to cancer immune checkpoint therapy: potential strategies based on molecular mechanisms
Authors: Wang Bin , Han Yin , Zhang Yuyu , Zhao Qin , Wang Huanhuan , Wei Jinlong , Meng Lingbin , Xin Ying , Jiang Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 to boost tumor-specific T lymphocyte immunity have opened up new avenues for the treatment of various histological types of malignancies, with the possibility of durable responses and improved survival. However, the development of acquired resistance to ICI therapy over time after an initial response remains a major obstacle in cancer therapeutics. The potential mechanisms of acquired resistance to ICI therapy are still ambiguous. In this review, we focused on the current understanding of the mechanisms of acquired resistance to ICIs, including the lack of neoantigens and effective antigen presentation, mutations of IFN‐γ/JAK signaling, and activation of alternate inhibitory immune checkpoints, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, epigenetic modification, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Further, based on these mechanisms, potential therapeutic strategies to reverse the resistance to ICIs, which could provide clinical benefits to cancer patients, are also briefly discussed.
Intimate partner violence against women during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol for producing global and regional estimates
Authors: Schrubbe Leah , García-Moreno Claudia , Sardinha Lynnmarie , Stöckl Heidi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Intimate partner violence is a devastating human rights violation and public health problem with high prevalence rates globally. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is associated with devastating maternal, perinatal, and neonatal health effects. We present the protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the global lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy.

Methods
This review aims to systematically synthesize the evidence on the global prevalence of violence against women by intimate partners during pregnancy using available population-based data. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, PsychInfo, and Web of Science databases will be conducted to identify all relevant articles. Manual searches will be conducted in Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data reports and websites of national statistics and/or other offices. DHS data analysis will also be conducted. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, titles and abstracts will be screened for eligibility. Then, full-text articles will be assessed for eligibility. The following data will be extracted from included articles: study characteristics, population characteristics (e.g., ever-partnered, currently partnered, or any women, and age range), violence characteristics (e.g., type of violence, and perpetrator), estimate type (e.g., intimate partner violence during any pregnancy or during last pregnancy), subpopulation type (e.g., by age, marital status, urban/rural), prevalence estimate, and key quality indicators. A hierarchical Bayesian meta-regression framework will be used. This multilevel modelling approach will use survey-specific, country-specific, and region-specific random effects to pool observations. This modelling technique will be used to estimate global and regional prevalence.

Discussion
This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide estimates on the global and regional prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and contribute to monitoring progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 5.2 on eliminating violence against women and to SDG Targets 3.1 and 3.2 on reducing maternal mortality and neonatal mortality.
Given the significant health impacts of intimate partner violence during pregnancy, potential for intervention, and urgency to address violence and improve health, this review will provide critical evidence to governments, non-governmental organizations, and policymakers on the magnitude of violence during pregnancy. It will also inform effective policies and programs to prevent and respond to intimate partner violence during pregnancy.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO ID CRD42022332592.
Comparing self-reported health interview survey and pharmacy billing data in determining the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in Belgium
Authors: Vasquez Maria Salve , Mertens Elly , Berete Finaba , Van der Heyden Johan , Peñalvo José L. , Vandevijvere Stefanie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Administrative and health surveys are used in monitoring key health indicators in a population. This study investigated the agreement between self-reported disease status from the Belgian Health Interview Survey (BHIS) and pharmaceutical insurance claims extracted from the Belgian Compulsory Health Insurance (BCHI) in ascertaining the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.

Methods
Linkage was made between the BHIS 2018 and the BCHI 2018, from which chronic condition was ascertained using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and defined daily dose. The data sources were compared using estimates of disease prevalence and various measures of agreement and validity. Multivariable logistic regression was performed for each chronic condition to identify the factors associated to the agreement between the two data sources.

Results
The prevalence estimates computed from the BCHI and the self-reported disease definition in BHIS, respectively, are 5.8% and 5.9% diabetes cases, 24.6% and 17.6% hypertension cases, and 16.2% and 18.1% of hypercholesterolemia cases. The overall agreement and kappa coefficient between the BCHI and the self-reported disease status is highest for diabetes and is equivalent to 97.6% and 0.80, respectively. The disagreement between the two data sources in ascertaining diabetes is associated with multimorbidity and older age categories.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the capability of pharmacy billing data in ascertaining and monitoring diabetes in the Belgian population. More studies are needed to assess the applicability of pharmacy claims in ascertaining other chronic conditions and to evaluate the performance of other administrative data such as hospital records containing diagnostic codes.
Characterization of the circulating transcriptome expression profile and identification of novel miRNA biomarkers in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Guo Lanyan , Cai Yue , Wang Bo , Zhang Fuyang , Zhao Hang , Liu Liwen , Tao Ling 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), one of the most common genetic cardiovascular diseases, but cannot be explained by single genetic factors. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are stable and highly conserved. Inflammation and immune response participate in HCM pathophysiology, but whether the miRNA profile changes correspondingly in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with HCM is unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the circulating non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression profile in PBMCs and identify potential miRNAs for HCM biomarkers.

Methods
A Custom CeRNA Human Gene Expression Microarray was used to identify differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, miRNAs, and ncRNAs (including circRNA and lncRNA) in HCM PBMCs. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify HCM-related miRNA and mRNA modules. The mRNAs and miRNAs from the key modules were used to construct a co-expression network. Three separate machine learning algorithms (random forest, support vector machine, and logistic regression) were applied to identify potential biomarkers based on miRNAs from the HCM co-expression network. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE188324) and experimental samples were used for further verification. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was used to determine the potential functions of the selected miRNAs in HCM.

Results
We identified 1194 DE-mRNAs, 232 DE-miRNAs and 7696 DE-ncRNAs in HCM samples compared with normal controls from the microarray data sets. WGCNA identified key miRNA modules and mRNA modules evidently associated with HCM. We constructed a miRNA‒mRNA co-expression network based on these modules. A total of three hub miRNAs (miR-924, miR-98 and miR-1) were identified by random forest, and the areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves of miR-924, miR-98 and miR-1 were 0.829, 0.866, and 0.866, respectively.

Conclusions
We elucidated the transcriptome expression profile in PBMCs and identified three hub miRNAs (miR-924, miR-98 and miR-1) as potential biomarkers for HCM detection.
Venetoclax-based therapy for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: latest updates from the 2022 ASH annual meeting
Authors: Gong Xubo , Zhang Yi , He Xin , Moloudizargari Milad , Yu Teng , Wang Lin , Liu Weiwei , Jin Lan , Xu Huiying , Xu Yang , Tao Zhihua , Qian Wenbin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVenetoclax (VEN), the first selective Bcl-2 inhibitor, has shown efficacy and safety both as monotherapy and in combination with other agents in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), while its role in relapsed or refractory (R/R) disease is not well defined. Here, we reviewed the latest advances of VEN-based therapy for R/R AML from the 2022 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting, including some novel and encouraging regimes, such as VCA, VAH, and HAM regimes, etc. Further research is still needed to fully understand the optimal use of these agents in R/R AML treatment.
Availability and cost–benefit analysis of a fault tolerant series–parallel system with human-robotic operators
Authors: Sanusi Abdullahi , Yusuf Ibrahim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWithout excellent system uptime and profit margins, many manufacturing systems will not be able to continue operating. Strong business performance of manufacturing companies is facilitated by system availability and profit generation. Most manufacturing systems are set up in series–parallel, parallel-series, or hybrid configurations. In this present study, we analyze a series–parallel system composed of two subsystems with the following specifications: subsystem A consists of two similar units/components that are operated by Human, whereas subsystem B is made up of two similar units/components that are operated by Robot. We have also introduced fault tolerance factor in this work, so that the failure of each unit in each subsystem, common cause failure as well as failure due to human error and robot, will be accompanied by this fault tolerance factor. Our key goals are to examine how fault tolerance will increase the model’s availability and profitability and to identify optimum maintenance plan. In order to meet these key goals, certain expressions for reliability metrics have been developed and validated through numerical examples. Tables and graphs are used to illustrate the results and form conclusions from them.
Changes on economic freedom in 11 post-socialist countries of Central-Eastern and South-Eastern Europe in 1996–2022
Authors: Lach Bartłomiej , Malaga Krzysztof 
Published: June 2023

Motivation: One of the most important dimensions of socio-economic development in democratic countries with market economies remains economic freedom. In this context, it is worth assessing the evolution of economic freedom in 11 countries of Central and Eastern Europe and South-Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia during the period of institutional transformations in 1996–2022.Aim: The aim of the article is to present the results on correlation, s-convergence and s-divergence, as well as a multidimensional comparative analysis in the field of economic freedom. In order to conduct comparative analyzes, the economic freedom indexes published by The Heritage Foundation in Washington and Wall Street Journal will be used. They measure 12 quantitative and qualitative aspects grouped around the four pillars of economic freedom: Rule of Law — property rights, government integrity, judicial effectiveness; Government Size — government spending, tax burden, fiscal health; Efficiency regulators — business freedom, labour freedom, monetary freedom; Open Markets — trade freedom, investment freedom, financial freedom.Results: The obtained results allow us to assess the generally positive changes in economic freedom in its 12 partial and 1 general aspects in relation to each country separately, as well as in relation to the group of countries that joined the European Union after 2003. They are a significant supplement to the knowledge about creating economic freedom in 11 post-socialist countries in the years 1996–2022.
Intraday trading patterns in Bitcoin: does the war in Ukraine matter?
Authors: Miłobędzki Paweł 
Published: June 2023

Motivation: So far, nothing has been known about the impact of the war in Ukraine on the dynamics of cryptocurrency markets, in particular on the intraday trading patterns in Bitcoin, nowadays the largest market capitalization and trading volume cryptocurrency.Aim: Use the data from the period January–April 2022 exhibiting over 1.5 million trades at Bitstamp, one out of four largest in trading volume Bitcoin markets, to identify and compare the day of the week and the hour of the day effects in the rate of return, bid-ask spread and trading volume at times preceding and following the war outbreak.Results: The analysis based on the regression including dummy variables showed that the bid-ask spread and trading volume exhibited both the day of the week and the hour of the day effects. The same applied to the rate of return — but only incidentally. The effects differed in the magnitude across the peace and war periods being mostly smaller in the latter one due to increased risk faced by market participants who, as reflected in the number of trades and trading volume, lowered their activity. Since Bitcoin at Bitstamp is traded 24 hours a day and 7 days a week and incoming information is continuously impounded into its prices, the intraday trading patterns are different from those at the mature and emerging stock markets. The wider spreads and larger trading volumes were found present close to open of the major stock markets (NYSE, NASDAQ, London, Frankfurt, Tokyo).
Wire syndrome: a complication in orthodontic retention
Authors: Hasan Aliya , Wadia Reena , Raindi Devan S 
Published: June 2023

‘Wire syndrome’ is a phenomenon that involves fixed orthodontic retainers causing unwanted tooth movement. In severe cases, the retainer may have debonded from the teeth. This article addresses the prevalence, presentation and management of wire syndrome. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article is relevant for general dental practitioners, periodontists and orthodontists to recognize the signs of wire syndrome and understand its multidisciplinary management.
Safety profile and outcomes of intraoperative ultrasound-guided remnant cholecystectomy
Authors: Ibrahim R , Abdalkoddus M , Mownah OA , Chanthu A , Yao L , Aroori S 
Published: June 2023

Introduction Subtotal cholecystectomy (STC) is a safe approach in difficult cholecystectomies to prevent bile duct and vascular injury. However, the gallbladder remnant can become symptomatic, necessitating further surgical intervention. This study evaluates the safety profile and perioperative outcomes of remnant cholecystectomy (RC) performed under intraoperative ultrasound guidance. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients that underwent RC under intraoperative ultrasound guidance in 2009 and 2019. Pre-, intra- and postoperative details of patients who underwent RC were obtained from patients’ electronic and paper copy records. Results Ninety-seven patients underwent STC during the study period. Of this cohort, 16 patients (16.5%) presented with symptomatic gallbladder remnant over a median follow-up period of 14 months (interquartile range [IQR] 2–26). The median age was 64 years (IQR 54–69) with an equal male-to-female distribution. The median body mass index was 31kg/m2 (IQR 28–33). Twelve of 16 patients (75%) then proceeded to elective RC. Intraoperative ultrasound was used in all cases to identify the location of the remnant gallbladder and biliary anatomy. The median operative time was 88min (IQR 80–96), with 67% completed laparoscopically. No patients suffered bile duct injury. The median hospital stay was 3 days (IQR 1–5). During the follow-up period, eight patients (67%) reported symptom resolution. Conclusions RC is a safe operation that can be performed laparoscopically even after previous open subtotal cholecystectomy. We recommend the routine use of intraoperative ultrasound as an adjunct for identifying remnant gallbladder and biliary anatomy in all patients.
Predictors of long-term survival in 5,680 patients admitted to a UK major trauma centre with thoracic injuries
Authors: Ariyaratnam P , Lee A , Milton R , Troxler M , Barlow IF , Ferrier G , Scott DJA 
Published: June 2023

Introduction The long-term outcomes of chest trauma are largely unknown. We sought to determine the predictors of in-hospital and long-term survival in patients admitted to a major trauma centre (MTC) with chest injuries and to evaluate spatial patterns of injury in our network area. Methods Retrospective analysis of data collected on the National Trauma Audit Research Network (TARN) database using multivariate analysis and Cox regression analysis. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGis 10.7.1. Results Some 5,680 patients were admitted with chest trauma between December 1999 and December 2019. Median patient age was 45 years and the median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 20. The proportion of patients who had an operation was 39.8%. Age, blood transfusion, head injury, shock, emergency thoracotomy and heart disease were predictors of hospital mortality (p < 0.05). However, having an operation on concomitant injuries was protective. ISS and Glasgow Coma Score were discriminators of in-hospital mortality (C-indices 0.76 and 0.80, respectively). The 10-year survival values for patients who survived to discharge from hospital and who were aged <40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and >80 years were 99%, 93%, 95%, 87%, 75% and 43%, respectively. Preadmission lung disease and alcohol/drug misuse were poor predictors of long-term survival (p < 0.05). Hotspot analysis revealed the areas with the highest incidents were all close to the MTC. Conclusions The MTC is geographically central to areas with high numbers of trauma incidents. Although emergency thoracotomy was a predictor of poor in-hospital outcomes, having surgery for concomitant injuries improved outcomes. Patients surviving to discharge have good long-term survivals.