bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Bladder and Urethral Malignancies
Authors: Majithia Jinita , Prakash Gagan , Thakur MH , Popat Palak , Sable Nilesh , Katdare Aparna , Kulkarni Suyash , Chandra Daksh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBladder cancer (BCa) is a leading cause of cancer worldwide with high incidence and mortality across all ages. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to significantly improved survival rate and overall prognosis. Smoking is the biggest contributing factor for the development of BCa. Urothelial carcinoma is the most common histological subtype. Commonly implemented imaging techniques include computed tomography urography (CTU) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). CTU is the investigation of choice for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and is best utilized for local assessment and staging of larger and higher staged tumors, that is, T3b and T4. mpMRI encompasses T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging. It can differentiate ≤T1 and ≥T2 tumors based on the Vesicle Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) assessment as well as differentiate Ta from T1 tumors, and is useful in post-therapy response assessment of BCa. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography is used in selected patients of MIBC for metastatic evaluation, particularly those with deranged renal function. A synoptic reporting template should be used to have standardization of data. Primary urethral cancer (UCa) is a rare and aggressive malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of all malignancies. MRI is the investigation of choice for UCa.
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Cancer of the Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Salivary Glands
Authors: Mahajan Abhishek , Shukla Shreya , Ankathi Suman Kumar , Shukla Anuradha , Vaish Richa , Suryavanshi Shubham , Agarwal Ujjwal , Patil Vasundhara , Sahu Arpita , Padashetty Shubham , Laskar Sarbani Ghosh , Patil Vijay , Noronha Vanita , Menon Nandini , Prabhash Kumar , Patil Asawari , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Pai Prathamesh S. , Rane Swapnil , Bal Munita , Dcruz A. K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThyroid cancer ranks as the leading endocrine malignancy in adults. The foundation for primary diagnosis of thyroid cancer is a high-resolution ultrasound (US) of the thyroid gland including US-guided fine-needle biopsy (FNB) of suspected thyroid nodules. Advanced cross-sectional imaging, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, can be useful in selected patients. The mainstay of treatment of thyroid cancer is surgery. It may be supplemented by radioactive iodine ablation/therapy in high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Radiology plays a crucial role in both diagnostic and posttreatment follow-up imaging. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the third most common endocrine disorder with single parathyroid adenoma being its most common cause. The radiologist's aim in parathyroid imaging is to provide the clinician with an illustrative picture of the neck, locating lesions with respect to landmarks. Imaging helps in the detection of solitary versus multiglandular disease, ectopic and supernumerary glands with precise localization. US, nuclear imaging, and four-dimensional CT are the most commonly used imaging modalities for the preoperative localization of the parathyroid disease. Salivary gland tumors account for approximately 0.5% of all neoplasms, the most common location being the parotid gland (70%). Imaging is crucial in salivary gland tumors by defining its location, detecting malignant features, assessing local extension and invasion, staging the tumors according to the tumor-node-metastasis classification, and assessing the feasibility of surgery.
Chemical and Topological Control of Surfaces Using Functional Parylene Coatings
Authors: Mohammadi Hafshejani Tahereh , Zhong Xiaoyang , Kim John , Dadfar Bahar , Lahann Joerg 
Published: May 2023

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization is a prevalent technique for fabricating conformal, defect-free, and systematically adjustable organic thin films. CVD is particularly beneficial for barrier coatings due to its ability to eliminate solvent-related environmental, health, and safety risk factors and provide a wide spectrum of post-polymerization modification strategies. This review discusses poly-p-xylylene and its functional derivatives. CVD polymerization of [2.2]paracyclophane precursors has undergone a recent renaissance due to advancements in chemical and morphological surface manipulation. This review summarizes emerging trends based on the following outline:Table of content:1 Introduction2 CVD Polymerization as a Sustainable Coating Technology3 CVD Instrumentation4 Poly-p-xylylene Coatings: Background of Polymerization Process and Functionalized Films5 Main Applications of Poly-p-xylylenes6 Area-Selective CVD Polymerization7 Fabrication and Applications of Topological Structures8 Conclusions and Outlook
The History of the Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
Authors: Ferral Hector , Lopez-Benitez Ruben 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFew, if any, developments in the past three decades have advanced the field of portal hypertension more than the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS). Initially pursued in animal studies more than 50 years ago, and discovered serendipitously, TIPS quickly became used clinically in the treatment of refractory esophageal hemorrhage. The technique is now used for many other clinical indications as well as to bridge patients to liver transplantation. Several technical advancements have improved short- and long-term outcomes of the procedure. This article will review the development of TIPS from its inception to the current state of care regarding this important minimally invasive option for patients with portal hypertension.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Reduction Techniques
Authors: Brown Mason A. , Gueyikian Sebouh , Huffman Steven , Donahue Laurence 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation treats complications of portal hypertension in appropriately selected patients by lowering the portal venous pressure. While this can be a lifesaving intervention, portal venous flow diversion is not without potential consequences. Overshunting can lead to hepatic decompensation and encephalopathy. TIPS reduction and TIPS occlusion are therapeutic options used to mitigate overshunting, with reduction being the initial alternative due to retained shunt patency and lower potential for venous thrombosis. Patient selection, techniques for TIPS reduction, and patient outcomes are reviewed in this article.
Portal Vein Recanalization–Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (PVR-TIPS) Facilitates Liver Transplantation in Cirrhotic Patients with Occlusive Portal Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Swersky Adam , Borja-Cacho Daniel , Deitch Zach , Thornburg Bartley , Salem Riad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPortal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a heterogeneous condition with multiple possible etiologies and to varying degrees has historically limited candidacy for liver transplant (LT) in the cirrhotic patient population due to resultant difficulties in constructing a robust portal vein anastomosis. While intraoperative approaches to managing PVT are well-described, methods which approximate normal portal physiology are not always feasible depending on the extent of PVT, and other nonphysiologic techniques are linked with substantial morbidity and poor long-term outcomes. Portal vein recanalization–transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (PVR-TIPS) creation is an efficacious method of restoring physiologic portal flow in cirrhotic patients prior to LT allowing for end-to-end PV anastomosis, and is the product of decades-long institutional expertise in TIPS/LT and the support of a multidisciplinary liver tumor board. To follow is a review of the pertinent pathophysiology of PVT in cirrhosis, the rationale leading to the development and subsequent evolution of the PVR-TIPS procedure, technical lessons learned, and a summary of outcomes to date.
Advanced Techniques for Accessing the Portal Vein during Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation
Authors: Sinha Ishan , Goldman Daryl T. , Patel Rahul S. , Nowakowski Francis S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransjugular portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement is a widely accepted method for reducing portal pressures in conditions including symptomatic varices, refractory ascites, hepatic hydrothorax, portomesenteric thrombosis, and Budd-Chiari syndrome. The traditional method for performing TIPS involves “blind” access into a portal vein branch from a hepatic vein, typically right portal vein to right hepatic vein, using preoperative imaging and intraoperative wedged portography for guidance. However, standard access technique may not always be feasible due to occluded portal or hepatic veins, distorted anatomy, or prior TIPS. In this article we discuss alternative techniques for accessing the portal vein for TIPS placement when standard methods are not sufficient.
Risk Factors Associated with Plantar Necrosis following Tarsal Arthrodesis in Dogs
Authors: Holroyd Kate L. , Meeson Richard L. , Pead Matthew J. , Mukherjee Lachlan , Ferguson John F. , Kulendra Elvin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to define landmarks of the intermetatarsal channel of the dorsal pedal artery and to assess whether damage to the dorsal pedal artery during metatarsal screw placement in dogs undergoing pan- and partial-tarsal arthrodesis (PanTA/ParTA) could be a mechanism in the development of plantar necrosis.
Study Design This study was divided in to two parts: (1) ex-vivo anatomical study: 19 canine cadavers, (2) retrospective clinical study: 39 dogs. Cadaveric dissection documented the mean intermetatarsal channel position. Metatarsal screw position was evaluated on postoperative radiographs of dogs after PanTA or ParTA. Screw position, arthrodesis type and surgical approach were assessed for their impact on complications, including plantar necrosis.
Results The mean proximal and distal extent of the intermetatarsal channel lies between 4.3% ± 1.9 and 22.8% ± 2.9 the length of metatarsal III (MTIII) respectively. The intermetatarsal channel lies within the most proximal 25% of MTIII in 95% of cases. At least one screw risked damaging the mean intermetatarsal channel position in 92% of dogs; 8% of these dogs went on to develop plantar necrosis. The mean screw position did not differ between ParTA cases with or without plantar necrosis (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Violation of the intermetatarsal channel is possible during metatarsal screw placement. Care should be taken when placing screws in the proximal 25% of the metatarsals, specifically avoiding exiting dorsally between MTII and MTIII and across the distal region of the intermetatarsal channel, where the perforating metatarsal artery passes interosseously, as damage may contribute to the aetiology of plantar necrosis.
Highly cyclable voltage control of magnetism in cobalt ferrite nanopillars for memory and neuromorphic applications
Authors: de h-Óra Muireann , Nicolenco Aliona , Monalisha P. , Maity Tuhin , Zhu Bonan , Lee Shinbuhm , Sun Zhuotong , Sort Jordi , MacManus-Driscoll Judith 
Published: May 2023

Tuning the properties of magnetic materials by voltage-driven ion migration (magneto-ionics) gives potential for energy-efficient, non-volatile magnetic memory and neuromorphic computing. Here, we report large changes in the magnetic moment at saturation (mS) and coercivity (HC), of 34% and 78%, respectively, in an array of CoFe2O4 (CFO) epitaxial nanopillar electrodes (∼50 nm diameter, ∼70 nm pitch, and 90 nm in height) with an applied voltage of −10 V in a liquid electrolyte cell. Furthermore, a magneto-ionic response faster than 3 s and endurance &gt;2000 cycles are demonstrated. The response time is faster than for other magneto-ionic films of similar thickness, and cyclability is around two orders of magnitude higher than for other oxygen magneto-ionic systems. Using a range of characterization techniques, magnetic switching is shown to arise from the modulation of oxygen content in the CFO. Also, the highly cyclable, self-assembled nanopillar structures were demonstrated to emulate various synaptic behaviors, exhibiting non-volatile, multilevel magnetic states for analog computing and high-density storage. Overall, CFO nanopillar arrays offer the potential to be used as interconnected synapses for advanced neuromorphic computing applications.
Risk of hospital admission or emergency department presentation due to diabetes complications: a retrospective cohort study in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Dinh Ngan T. T. , de Graaff Barbara , Campbell Julie A. , Jose Matthew D. , Burgess John , Saunder Timothy , Kitsos Alex , Otahal Petr , Palmer Andrew J. 
Published: May 2023

Objective To estimate the risk of an emergency department (ED)/inpatient visit due to complications in people with diabetes and compare them to their non-diabetes counterparts. Methods This matched retrospective cohort study used a linked dataset in Tasmania, Australia for the 2004–17 period. People with diabetes (n = 45 378) were matched on age, sex and geographical regions with people without diabetes (n = 90 756) based on propensity score matching. The risk of an ED/inpatient visit related to each complication was estimated using negative binomial regression. Results In people with diabetes, the combined ED and admission rates per 10 000 person-years were considerable, especially for macrovascular complications (ranging from 31.8 (lower extremity amputation) to 205.2 (heart failure)). The adjusted incidence rate ratios of ED/inpatient visits were: retinopathy 59.1 (confidence interval 25.8, 135.7), lower extremity amputation 11.1 (8.8, 14.1), foot ulcer/gangrene 9.5 (8.1, 11.2), nephropathy 7.4 (5.4, 10.1), dialysis 6.5 (3.8, 10.9), transplant 6.3 (2.2, 17.8), vitreous haemorrhage 6.0 (3.7, 9.8), fatal myocardial infarction 3.4 (2.3, 5.1), kidney failure 3.3 (2.3, 4.5), heart failure 2.9 (2.7, 3.1), angina pectoris 2.1 (2.0, 2.3), ischaemic heart disease 2.1 (1.9, 2.3), neuropathy 1.9 (1.7, 2.0), non-fatal myocardial infarction 1.7 (1.6, 1.8), blindness/low vision 1.4 (0.8, 2.5), non-fatal stroke 1.4 (1.3, 1.6), fatal stroke 1.3 (0.9, 2.1) and transient ischaemic attack 1.1 (1.0, 1.2). Conclusions Our results demonstrated the high demand on hospital services due to diabetes complications (especially macrovascular complications) and highlighted the importance of preventing and properly managing microvascular complications. These findings will support future resource allocation to reduce the increasing burden of diabetes in Australia.
Higher fees and out-of-pocket costs in radiotherapy point to a need for funding reform
Authors: van Gool Kees , Hall Jane , Haywood Philip , Liu Dan , Yu Serena , Webster Samuel B. G. , Moradi Bahare , Aranda Sanchia 
Published: May 2023

Objective To elucidate the policy implications of recent trends in the funding of radiotherapy services between 2009–10 and 2021–22. Method We use national aggregate claims data to determine time trends in the fees, benefits and out-of-pocket (OOP) costs of radiotherapy and nuclear therapeutic medicine claims funded through the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) program. All dollar figures are expressed in constant 2021 Australian dollars. Results Radiotherapy and nuclear therapeutic medicine MBS claims increased by 78% whereas MBS funding increased by 137% between 2009–10 and 2021–22. The main driver of Medicare funding growth has been the Extended Medicare Safety Net, which has increased by 404%. Over the 13 year observation period, the percentage of bulk-billed claims peaked in 2017–18 at 76.1% but fell to 69.8% in 2021–22. For non-bulk billed services, average OOP costs per claim increased from $20.40 in 2009–10 to $69.78 in 2021–22. Conclusion Despite increased Medicare funding, patients face increasing financial barriers to access radiation oncology services. Policies with regard to funding radiotherapy services should be reviewed to ensure that services are easily accessible and affordable for all those needing treatment and at a reasonable cost to Government.
Identifying molecules with high electrical strength
Authors: Wang Chunlin , Cooper Bridgette , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A search is conducted for possible gases with high electrical strength which could replace the widely used SF6 which has high global warming potential (GWP). The possible electrical strength of a molecule is assessed on the basis of low-energy electron collisions with low-energy resonances or weakly bound states taken as a possible indicator of high electrical strength. At the same time the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is used to assess the molecules’ GWP. A total of 62 small flourocarbon molecules are considered allowing the influence of different molecular structures (double bonded, triple bonded and cyclic) and the inclusion of different elements (hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen) on the electrical strength to be assessed. Eight molecules show low-energy resonance and a further four have negative R-matrix poles implying that they support an anionic state. Our calculations suggest that molecules with double bonded structures, especially involving C = N, should have the best electrical strength, followed by cyclic and then triple bonded structures. Calculation on the C3F6−n
H
n
(n = 0, 6) series suggest that introducing H atoms in selected positions can decrease GWP while retaining the electrical strength of pure fluorocarbon gases like C3F6.
Optical solitons and exact solutions of the (2+1) dimensional conformal time fractional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar equation via novel extended techniques
Authors: Gupta Rajesh Kumar , Yadav Poonam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The current work uses a (2+1) dimensional conformal time fractional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar (KMN) model to investigate optical soliton transmission across an optical fiber that maintains polarization. Three constructive techniques, namely, the extended power series solution, the new generalized method, and the extended sinh-Gordon expansion method are utilized to find the exact soliton solutions of this model. The invariant analysis has been performed on the (2+1) dimensional time fractional KMN model by using the conformal time fractional derivative. The symmetries obtained using conformal fractional derivative are compared with the symmetries obtained for integer order KMN model because symmetries using Riemann Liouville fractional derivative turned out to be trivial. The given system of fractional PDEs has been reduced by using differential invariants obtained from various linear combinations of vector fields associated with the infinitesimal generator of symmetry transformations. These reduced systems of equations are then investigated for their exact solutions.
Automated assembly of high-density carbon fiber electrode arrays for single unit electrophysiological recordings
Authors: Dong Tianshu , Chen Lei , Patel Paras R , Richie Julianna M , Chestek Cynthia A , Shih Albert J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective. Carbon fiber (CF) is good for chronic neural recording due to the small diameter (7 µm), high Young’s modulus, and low electrical resistance, but most high-density carbon fiber (HDCF) arrays are manually assembled with labor-intensive procedures and limited by the accuracy and repeatability of the operator handling. A machine to automate the assembly is desired. Approach. The HDCF array assembly machine contains: (1) a roller-based CF extruder, (2) a motion system with three linear and one rotary stages, (3) an imaging system with two digital microscope cameras, and (4) a laser cutter. The roller-based extruder automatically feeds single CF as raw material. The motion system aligns the CF with the array backend then places it. The imaging system observes the relative position between the CF and the backend. The laser cutter cuts off the CF. Two image processing algorithms are implemented to align the CF with the support shanks and circuit connection pads. Main results. The machine was capable of precisely handling 6.8 μm carbon fiber electrodes (CFEs). Each electrode was placed into a 12 μm wide trenches in a silicon support shank. Two HDCF arrays with 16 CFEs populated on 3 mm shanks (with 80 μm pitch) were fully assembled. Impedance measurements were found to be in good agreement with manual assembled arrays. One HDCF array was implanted in the motor cortex in an anesthetized rat and was able to detect single unit activity. Significance. This machine can eliminate the manual labor-intensive handling, alignment and placement of single CF during assembly, providing a proof-of-concepts towards fully automated HDCF array assembly and batch production.
Effects of disorder on deformation and failure of brittle porous materials
Authors: Ritter Jonas , Shegufta Shucheta , Zaiser Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The mechanical behavior of porous materials depends strongly on porosity and pore geometry, but also on morphological parameters characterizing the spatial arrangement of pores. Here we use bond-based peridynamics to study effects of disorder on the deformation and failure behavior of brittle porous solids both in the quasi-static limit and in case of dynamic loading scenarios. We show that structural disorder, which has a strong influence on stiffness, strength and toughness in the quasi-static limit, becomes less relevant under dynamic loading conditions.
Phase transitions for countable state 1D SOS model with external field
Authors: Khakimov Otabek 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We consider a 1D solid-on-solid (SOS) model with external field in which the single-spin space is the set of all integers. Then, we construct a Gibbs specification for the model and get a functional equation such that every positive solution defines an infinite volume Gibbs measure. We show that there exist infinitely many Gibbs measures for the 1D SOS model with external field for some values of parameters θ and θ
1 (the last one is responsible to the external field). Moreover, by the main theorem, we conclude that a phase transition occurs for the 1D SOS model with external field and there is no Gibbs measure for the 1D SOS model without an external field.