bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN DENGAN CATHETER URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (CAUTI)
Authors: Fauziah Wardah , Mahayu Adiutama Novian , Aldy Mandhatyi Fhandy 
Published: January 2023

Urinary tract infections may increase the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, which reaches 40%. Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) is the most common urinary tract which occurs in patients.. This study aims to find out the identifications of the Catheter Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) based on characteristics in Subang Regency Regional Hospital. This study is a descriptive study, based on primary and secondary data. The population in this study was all patient on diagnostic CAUTI at the Intensive Care Unit Subang District Hospital. The results of this study found that there are patient with CAUTI The results of the analysis showed that the average age of respondents in the control group was 48.42 years, with the youngest age being 18 years and the oldest being 60 years (standard deviation 10.67). Based on the statistical results showed that most of the respondents were male, namely 41 people (62.12%) and 25 people (37.88%).
Investigation of Agro-morphological Characters between 34 Accessions of Trifolium resupinatum L
Authors: Salimpour Mohammad Ehsan , Omoomi Farnoor Davachi , Salimpour Fahimeh 
Published: January 2023

Agro-morphological characters in 34 populations of Iranian Trifolium resupinatum L. germplasm, were investigated. 24 traits for each accession were evaluated according to white clover and forage legume descriptors. Data were analyzed by SPSS and Excel softwares. Statistical tendency parameters for agro-morphological characters were calculated. A cluster analysis based on morphological traits separate populations in two different groups that in one cluster there was an only accession belongs to Kurdestan locality. Factor analysis have shown that 61/24% of collection variations were expressed by six factors. Leaflet shape, calyx trichome, the length of leaflet and inflorescence diameter were the most important morphological characters and the weight of 1000 seeds, number of days until to flowering were significant agricultural traits. . Based on these results, it seems that variation in germplasms is independent to geographical distribution. This research showed that there is a high biodiversity for this species in Iran due to the diverse environmental conditions, so that be useful for breeding programs and marketing.
Ex-vivo Antispasmodic and In vivo Anti Salmonella Potential of Rumex bequaertii Leaves Extracts
Authors: Deumeni Claude Ruphin Mougoue , Amang André Perfusion , Nkenfou Céline Nguefeu , Fosin Roméo Georges Bonsou , Notedji Augustin , Tchuenguem Roland Tchuenteu , Siwe Gael Tchokomeni , Kuiate Jules-Roger , Watcho Pierre , Tan Paul Vernyuy 
Published: January 2023

Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the acute toxicity, the ex-vivo antispasmodic potential of aqueous and ethanolic Rumex bequaertii leaves extracts in isolated ileum fragment and antimicrobial activity of Rumex bequaertii ethanolic leaves extract in animal models infected with Salmonella typhi.
Methods: Acute toxicity using a single dose of ethanolic extract of Rumex bequaertii at 2000 mg/kg was administered to female rats and effects were observed during 14 days. Different cumulative concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Rumex bequaertii leaves were tested for spontaneous contractions and potassium chloride-induced contractions in rat ileum fragment. Different doses of the ethanolic extract of Rumex bequaertii leaves were tested for antidiarrheal activity in Wistar rats infected with Salmonella typhi.
Results: Rats given the single dose of Rumex bequaertii ethanolic extract showed no significant changes in body and organs weights compared to control rats. Administration of extracts at all tested concentrations resulted to inhibition of ileum contractions. Inhibition of spontaneous contractions of ileum fragment by aqueous extract ranging from 24.48 to 90.19 %, for 2.91, to 15.25 mg/mL, respectively, while ethanolic extract was from 42.00 to 83.72 %, for 0.99, to 5.66 mg/mL, respectively. Concerning potassium chloride-induced contraction, aqueous extract concentrations (from 2.91 to 15.25 mg/mL) inhibited contractions from 31.46 to 67.23 %; the ethanolic extract (0.99 to 5.66 mg/mL) inhibited from 38.25, to 82.60 % and verapamil from 14.31 to 80.70 %, at 0.06 to 0.34 mg/mL. After administration of ethanolic extract, all tested doses resulted to reduction of Salmonella typhi load in stools and blood, with activities being duration and dose dependent. Conclusion: The lethal dose 50 of the Rumex bequaertii ethanol extract is greater than 2000 mg/kg. Aqueous and ethanolic leaves’ extracts of Rumex bequaertii possess ex-vivo antispasmodic and ethanolic leaves extract of Rumex bequaertii possess antimicrobial activity.
Integrated Soil Fertility Management: A Promising Pathway for Sustainable Intensification of Smallholder Cotton Farming Systems in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Gnahoua Jean-Baptiste Gnélié , Ouattara Marie Luce Mâ Semba , Coulibali Zonlehoua , Diomandé Loua Barthélémy , Soro Yadé Réné 
Published: January 2023

Aims: This study was aimed to increase the sustainability of smallholder cotton cultivation in Côte d’Ivoire, through the implementation of Integrated Soil Fertility Management, combining the use of moderate amounts of mineral fertilizer and fortified organic manure.
Study Design: The experiment was set up in a Fisher block design, with four treatments and three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The trials were conducted in four locations across two largest cotton growing areas (Odienne and Minignan) in the northern agro-ecological zone, between March and September 2021.
Methodology: The technical options included: 1) mineral fertilizer (25 kg NPK ha-1 + 12.5 kg urea ha-1) + 0 kg manure ha-1 (control), 2) mineral fertilizer + 50 kg manure ha-1, 3) mineral fertilizer + 75 kg manure ha-1 and 4) local practice (200 kg NPK ha-1 + 50 kg urea ha-1 + 0 kg manure ha-1).
Results: The results showed an increase in seed cotton yield for the manure treatments compared to the control treatment. Non-significant yield difference was found between the manure treatments and local practice. The average yields obtained in Odienne were 5.73 ± 0.70 t ha-1 for 75 kg manure ha-1 and 5.13 ± 0.96 for 50 kg manure ha-1, versus 2.58 ± 0.76 t ha-1 for the control treatment. In Minignan, the average yields obtained were 6.86 ± 1.76 t ha-1 for 75 kg manure ha-1 and 5.73 ± 0.70 t ha-1 for 50 kg manure ha-1, versus 2.58 ± 0.76 t ha-1 for the control. The Agronomic Efficiency of applied manure varied from 37.00 ± 13.07 to 73.41 ± 16.89 kg cotton kg-1 and from 44.34 ± 15.05 to 1 for the two agro-ecological zones.
Conclusion: The Integrated Soil Fertility Management system was proven to be a promising pathway for achieving sustainable intensification of smallholder cotton cultivation systems.
Ashwagandha and Its Active Ingredient, Withanolide A, Increase Phosphorylation of TrkB in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Chen Michael , Russo-Neustadt Amelia 
Published: January 2023

Aims: To primary rat embryonic hippocampal neurons in culture, ashwagandha or one of its active ingredients, withanolide A were added in the presence or absence of nutrient supplementation and then assayed for activity of the BDNF receptor, TrkB.
Study Design: Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured and grown in nutrient-rich or nutrient-poor medium. Ashwagandha or withanolide A were then be added to both types of media with or without an inhibitor of TrkB or either the PI-3K or MAPK pathway.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA, between July 2021 and August 2022.
Methodology: Rat embryos were removed by cesarean section from mother rats at 18 days’ gestation and the hippocampi of the former dissected, plated into culture dishes, and treated with the appropriate drug(s) (see Study Design above). After 4 days, neurons were harvested for Western blotting. Optical density of Western blot bands were quantified and statistically analyzed in a 2-way ANOVA, using a level of statistical significance at P < .05.
Results: Under normal conditions (with N2 supplement), ashwagandha, but not withanolide A, increased phospho-TrkB immunoreactivity when compared to the effects of vehicle (controls, F(11, 24) = 22.48, P < .001), although withanolide A did not quite reach statistical significance (P = .069) when compared to that of the controlled condition. Likewise, under nutrient-deprived conditions, both ashwagandha and withanolide A also increased phosphorylation of TrkB when compared to that of vehicle-nutrient-deprived conditions (P < .0001). The same results were obtained in the presence of inhibitors of TrkB itself and the PI-3K (ashwagandha, P < .001; withanolide A, P < .001) and MAPK (ashwagandha, P = .027; withanolide A, P = .045) pathways.
Conclusion: Ashwagandha or withanolide A activates TrkB, in nutrient-deprived hippocampal neurons, underscoring its role in neuronal survival signaling.
Dissipation Dynamics and Risk Assessment of Imidacloprid in Grape Berries Using LC- MS for Food Safety
Authors: Reddy Banka Kanda Kishore , Bhuvaneswari K. , Sadhineni Malleswari 
Published: January 2023

Aim: The present study was taken up to assess the imidacloprid residue pattern in order to define strategies for improvement of quality and safety mainly healthfulness in grapes.
Place and Duration of Study: The present study was carried out in Tamil Nadu during the period 2020-2021.
Methodology: Dissipation studies were carried out in a farmer’s field at Theni, India (9o N latitude and 76o E longitude and 375m above mean sea level) with all good agricultural practices. During this study Grapes (Muscat Hamburg variety) was grown and the commercial formulation of imidacloprid 17.8% SL was applied at recommended dose (53 a.i ha-1) and double dose (106 a.i ha-1) Two sprays were given with an interval of 10 day by using a power operated sprayer as 500 L ha-1 spray fluid for dissipation study. The samples were processed by adopting modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method.
Results: The initial deposit imidacloprid in grape berries was 0.65 and 1.56 mg kg-1 at the recommended dose (53 g a.i ha-1) and double dose respectively (106 g a.i ha-1). The insecticide exhibited a slower dissipation rate and reached below its quantification level (<0.01 mg kg-1) in grape berries on 25th, 30th day at recommended and double doses respectively.
Conclusion: The toxicological dietary risk assessment data shows that risk quotient is less than one which confirms safer to consumers. Pre-harvest interval does not apply for imidacloprid at recommended dose as being grapes harvested on the day of application itself were found safe for consumption and PHI/ safe waiting period of 2 days is suggested for double dose for harvesting.
Study of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Tomato Genotypes for Yield and Its Components
Authors: Mishra Gaurav , Kumar Nandan , Kumar Raj , Singh H. C. , Singh Niranjan 
Published: January 2023

To select prospective genotype variants for future breeding programs, research is currently being done to evaluate the degree of genetic variability, heritability, and genetic progress among various tomato varieties using morphological features.
Experimental material comprising thirty-seven species of tomato genotype was raised in the three-replication using Randomized Block Design during the Rabi 2020-21 season and data were recorded in morphological and quality aspects. On the basis of mean performance of weight of fruits per plant, genotype superior to check genotype are 7053, 8105, 8202, 8623, 8730 as compared to the best checks 8716 and 9426. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in Randomized Block Design experiments revealed significant for all morphological characters. The result showed higher phenotypic coefficients of variation of all characters compared to genotypic coefficients of variation. High Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation as recorded by fruit number per plant (38.07) followed by fruit weight per plant (33.49) and days to flowering (28.09) while high Genotypic Coefficient of Variation was identified by fruit number per plant (37.60) and followed by fruit weight per plant (32.94) and flowering days (27.52). All the characters showed high divergence. The number of fruits per plant showed high genetic advance (53.66) followed by maturity days (23.27) and plant height (20.73). The study provided an opportunity to identify genotypes and appropriate parameters like number of fruits per plant, days to plant height to be used in future breeding programs.
Rizatriptan 5 mg for the Acute Treatment of Migraine in Adolescents: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Winner Paul , Lewis Donald , Visser W. Hester , Jiang Kaihong , Ahrens Suzanne , Evans Judith K. , On Behalf Of The Rizatriptan Adolescent Study Group  
Published: July 2002

Objective.—To investigate the tolerability and efficacy of rizatriptan 5 mg in adolescent migraineurs.Methods.—Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Patients aged 12 to 17 years received rizatriptan 5 mg (n=149) or placebo (n=147) for a moderate or severe headache and for up to two recurrences. Headache severity, presence or absence of associated symptoms, and functional disability were assessed over a 4‐hour postdose period, and any adverse events were recorded. The primary efficacy measure was pain‐free status at 2 hours postdose.Results.—Rizatriptan 5 mg was well tolerated. The most commonly reported adverse events (all with incidence of 5% or less) among patients receiving rizatriptan were dry mouth, dizziness, asthenia/fatigue, nausea, and somnolence. The percentage of patients pain‐free at 2 hours was 32% for rizatriptan 5 mg versus 28% for placebo (P=.474). The percentage of patients with pain relief (reduction of predose pain intensity to mild or none) at 2 hours was 66% for rizatriptan versus 56% for placebo (P=.079). Placebo response rates were higher than those typically observed in previous studies of rizatriptan in adults. Compared with placebo, rizatriptan significantly improved functional disability at 1.5 and 2 hours, and nausea at 1 and 1.5 hours. Post hoc analysis showed a significant benefit of rizatriptan versus placebo in the percentage of patients who had pain relief when their migraine attacks were treated on weekends (65% versus 36%, P=.046) compared with weekdays (66% versus 61%, P=.365), and the weekend placebo response rate was similar to that seen in adults.Conclusions.—Rizatriptan 5 mg was well tolerated and effective on some measures when used in adolescents for the treatment of a migraine attack.
Seizures in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sokić Dragoslav V. , Stojsavljević Nebojša , Drulović Jelena , Dujmović Irena , Mesaroš Šarlota , Ercegovac Marko , Perić Vesna , Dragutinović Gradimir , Lević Zvonimir 
Published: July 2002

Summary:  Purpose: In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), epileptic seizures occur more frequently than in the general population. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical characteristics of epilepsy in patients with MS, potential correlation between the semiology of seizures, EEG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in these patients, as well as to examine the response to anticonvulsant therapy.Methods: In a series of 268 consecutive patients with definite MS hospitalized at the Institute of Neurology, Belgrade, we identified 20 (7.5%) patients with seizures or epilepsy. All patients with seizures or epilepsy were submitted to standard EEG and brain MRI with gadopentetate dimeglumine.Results: In four patients, epilepsy occurred 1–5 years before other clinical manifestations of MS. Eight patients had seizures only during MS relapses (provoked seizures). In two of them, seizures were the only manifestations of relapse. In 12 patients, seizures occurred regardless of the phase of MS (chronic epilepsy). In the majority of patients, seizures were partial with secondary generalization. Five patients experienced episodes of status epilepticus, and they all had dementia. Abnormal EEG pattern was found in 11 patients. Brain MRI disclosed cortical–subcortical lesions in nine patients and focal cortical atrophy in one, whereas in the remaining patients, findings were inconclusive. Probable EEG–MRI–seizure type correlation existed in 10 patients.Conclusions: Our data suggest that epilepsy may represent an initial symptom of MS and a single clinical manifestation of a relapse, and further support the assumption of the existing correlation between the presence of cortical–subcortical lesions and epileptic seizures or epilepsy in patients with MS.
On evaluating the reaction path Hamiltonian
Authors: Page Michael , McIver James W. 
Published: July 2002

This paper examines a number of aspects of evaluating the reaction path Hamiltonian (RPH) of Miller, Handy, and Adams. The reaction path is represented as a Taylor series expansion of mass weighted Cartesian coordinates as a function of arc length. The second (path tangent) and third (path curvature) coefficients in the Taylor series are important in the RPH. General analytical formulas for all the coefficients as explicit functions of energy derivatives are derived. If the Taylor series is expanded about the saddle point, special limiting formulas for the coefficients are required. These are obtained using L′Hospital’s rule. In a local quadratic approximation (LQA) third and higher energy derivatives are ignored. Within this approximation all but the first two coefficients in the Taylor series expansion of the path are zero when the expansion point is the saddle point. At nonstationary points on the path the first three Taylor series coefficients are evaluated exactly within the LQA while the others have nonzero approximate values. The resulting LQA Taylor series can be summed exactly. This leads to a new method of stepping along the reaction path which is superior to the traditional Euler method and should be used whenever second energy derivatives are available. Extensions of this method which include third energy derivative information are also presented. Exact analytical formulas for the RPH coupling parameters are derived. These include
simplified formulas for the projection matrix and its derivative. At nonstationary points, the couplings of the transverse vibrations to the path depend only on first and second energy derivatives and hence are exactly calculated in the LQA. The remaining RPH parameters depend on third energy derivatives as well but have nonzero approximate values in the LQA. At the saddle point, all of the RPH parameters depend on third energy derivatives and they are zero when third derivatives are ignored. In general, when the complete set of RPH parameters are calculated, the same energy derivative information is required at the saddle point as at nonstationary points, namely the gradient, the force constants, and the components of the third derivatives along the path tangent. It is demonstrated that severe errors can occur when the RPH parameters are calculated at a point near the saddle point lying on the eigenvector corresponding to the negative eigenvalue of the force constant matrix at the saddle point. These errors occur even when the exact formulas are used and are due to slight deviations of this eigenvector from the exact reaction path. A remedy is described.
Theory of two-dimensional Fourier transform electron spin resonance for ordered and viscous fluids
Authors: Lee Sanghyuk , Budil David E. , Freed Jack H. 
Published: July 2002

A comprehensive theory for interpreting two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT) electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments that is based on the stochastic Liouville equation is presented. It encompasses the full range of motional rates from fast through very slow motions, and it also provides for microscopic as well as macroscopic molecular ordering. In these respects it is as sophisticated in its treatment of molecular dynamics as the theory currently employed for analyzing cw ESR spectra. The general properties of the pulse propagator superoperator, which describes the microwave pulses in Liouville space, are analyzed in terms of the coherence transfer pathways appropriate for COSY (correlation spectroscopy), SECSY (spin–echo correlation spectroscopy), and 2D-ELDOR (electron–electron double resonance) sequences wherein either the free-induction decay (FID) or echo decay is sampled. Important distinctions are made among the sources of inhomogeneous broadening, which include (a) incomplete spectral averaging in the slow-motional regime, (b) unresolved superhyperfine structure and related sources, and (c) microscopic molecular ordering but macroscopic disorder (MOMD). The differing effects these sources of inhomogeneous broadening have on the two mirror image coherence pathways observed in the dual quadrature 2D experiments, as well as on the auto vs crosspeaks of 2D-ELDOR, is described. The theory is applied to simulate experiments of nitroxide spin labels in complex fluids such as membrane vesicles, where the MOMD model applies and these distinctions are particularly relevant, in order to extract dynamic and ordering parameters.
The recovery of homogeneous linewidths from FID-based COSY experiments on complex fluids with significant inhomogeneous broadening is also described. The theory is applied to the ultraslow motional regime, and a simple method is developed to determine rotational rates from the broadening of the autopeaks of the 2D-ELDOR spectra as a function of the mixing time, which is due to the development of ‘‘motional crosspeaks.’’ The application of this method to recent experiments with nitroxide probes illustrates that rotational correlation times as slow as milliseconds may be measured. It is shown how 2D-ELDOR can be useful to distinguish between the cases of very slow motional (SM) rates with little or no ordering and of very high ordering (HO) but substantial motional rates even though the cw ESR spectra are virtually the same. The effects of motion and of microscopic ordering on the nuclear modulation patterns in 2D-FT-ESR are compared, and it is suggested that these effects could be utilized to further distinguish between SM and HO cases. Key aspects of the challenging computational problems are discussed, and algorithms are described which lead to significant reductions in computation time as needed to permit nonlinear least-squares fitting of the theory to experiments.