bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction ameliorates traumatic brain injury‐induced gastrointestinal dysfunction by regulating CD36/15‐LO/NR4A1 signaling, which fails when CD36 and CX3CR1 are deficient
Authors: Wei Chunzhu , Zhu Feng , Yu Jintao , Gao Fei , Yuan Yuyi , Zhang Yanlong , Liu Xinjie , Chu Si , Cui Dandan , Fan Heng , Wang Wenzhu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsGastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, as a common peripheral‐organ complication after traumatic brain injury (TBI), is primarily characterized by gut inflammation and damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB). Previous studies have confirmed that TongQiao HuoXue Decoction (TQHXD) has strong anti‐inflammatory properties and protects against gut injury. However, few have reported on the therapeutic effects of TQHXD in a TBI‐induced GI dysfunction model. We aimed to explore the effects of TQHXD on TBI‐induced GI dysfunction and the underlying mechanism thereof.MethodsWe assessed the protective effects and possible mechanism of TQHXD in treating TBI‐induced GI dysfunction via gene engineering, histological staining, immunofluorescence (IF), 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot (WB), and flow cytometry (FCM).ResultsTQHXD administration ameliorated TBI‐induced GI dysfunction by modulating the abundance and structure of bacteria; reconstructing the destroyed epithelial and chemical barriers of the IMB; and improving M1/M2 macrophage, T‐regulatory cell (Treg)/T helper 1 cell (Th1), as well as Th17/Treg ratios to preserve homeostasis of the intestinal immune barrier. Notably, Cluster of Differentiation 36 (CD36)/15‐lipoxygenase (15‐LO)/nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) signaling was markedly stimulated in colonic tissue of TQHXD‐treated mice. However, insufficiency of both CD36 and (C‐X3‐C motif) chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) worsened GI dysfunction induced by TBI, which could not be rescued by TQHXD.ConclusionTQHXD exerted therapeutic effects on TBI‐induced GI dysfunction by regulating the intestinal biological, chemical, epithelial, and immune barriers of the IMB, and this effect resulted from the stimulation of CD36/NR4A1/15‐LO signaling; however, it could not do so when CX3CR1 and CD36 were deficient. TQHXD might therefore be a potential drug candidate for treating TBI‐induced GI dysfunction.
Expression and correlation of the Pi3k/Akt pathway and VEGF in oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Lin Yanan , Jiang Yueying , Xian Haiyu , Cai Xiaoxiao , Wang Tao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOral submucous fibrosis (OSF) has a high incidence in Asia countries, but its underlying molecular mechanism was not exploited completely. In this research, we investigated the expression of the phosphatidyl inositol 3‐kinase (Pi3k)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in oral submucosal fibrosis, explore the correlation between the Pi3k/Akt pathway and VEGF, and identify the mechanisms involved in OSF. The pathological changes and fibrosis stages of OSF tissues (n = 30, 10 each of early, moderate and advanced OSF) were determined using Haematoxylin–eosin staining (HE) and Masson staining, respectively. Collagen type I (Col‐I), Pi3k, Akt, VEGF, TGF‐β and p‐Akt expression was detected using immunohistochemistry, qPCR and WB. The correlation between Pi3k, Akt and VEGF was analysed. Col‐I expression increased as OSF progressed. However, their expression was downregulated in normal and moderate to advanced OSF tissues. VEGF expression positively correlated with Pi3k and Akt expression. VEGF expression correlated positively and negatively with the Pi3k inhibitor, LY294002 below and above a concentration of 10 μM, respectively. VEGF expression correlated positively with the Pi3k/Ak activator, IGF‐1. Due to the synergistic effect between Pi3k/Akt pathway and VEGF on OSF lesions and fibrosis process, targeted Pi3k/Akt pathway regulation can induce VEGF expression and improve ischemia, ultimately treating OSF.
Incidence and predictors of remission and relapse of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan: Analysis of a nationwide patient registry (JDDM73)
Authors: Fujihara Kazuya , Khin Laymon , Murai Koshiro , Yamazaki Yurie , Tsuruoka Kahori , Yagyuda Noriko , Yamazaki Katsuya , Maegawa Hiroshi , Tanaka Shiro , Kodama Satoru , Sone Hirohito ,   JDDM Study Group
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo determine the incidence of remission and 1‐year relapse from remission and associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsA total of 48 320 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥18 years, with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) and/or glucose‐lowering drug prescription, were identified from databases of specialist clinics from 1989 and followed until September 2022. Remission was defined as HbA1c <48 mmol/mol at least 3 months after cessation of a glucose‐lowering drug. Relapse was defined as failure to maintain remission for 1 year. Factors associated with remission and relapse were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe overall incidence of remissions per 1000 person‐years was 10.5, and for those with HbA1c levels of 48 to 53 mmol/mol (6.5% to 6.9%), those taking no glucose‐lowering drugs at baseline, and those with a ≥10% body mass index (BMI) reduction in 1 year, it was 27.8, 21.7 and 48.2, respectively. Shorter duration, lower baseline HbA1c, higher baseline BMI, higher BMI reduction at 1 year, and no glucose‐lowering drugs at baseline were significantly associated with remission. Among 3677 persons with remission, approximately two‐thirds (2490) relapsed within 1 year. Longer duration, lower BMI at baseline, and lower BMI reduction at 1 year were significantly associated with relapse.ConclusionsThe results showed that the incidence of remission and predictors of relapse, especially baseline BMI, might differ greatly between East Asian and Western populations. Furthermore, the relationships of BMI reduction with remission and relapse may be greater in East Asian than in Western populations, implying ethnic differences in returning from overt hyperglycaemia to nearly normal glucose levels.
Widespread seafloor anoxia during generation of the Ediacaran Shuram carbon isotope excursion
Authors: Ostrander Chadlin M. , Bjerrum Christian J. , Ahm Anne‐Sofie C. , Stenger Simon R. , Bergmann Kristin D. , El‐Ghali Mohamed A. K. , Harthi Abdul R. , Aisri Zayana , Nielsen Sune G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReconstructing the oxygenation history of Earth's oceans during the Ediacaran period (635 to 539 million years ago) has been challenging, and this has led to a polarizing debate about the environmental conditions that played host to the rise of animals. One focal point of this debate is the largest negative inorganic C‐isotope excursion recognized in the geologic record, the Shuram excursion, and whether this relic tracks the global‐scale oxygenation of Earth's deep oceans. To help inform this debate, we conducted a detailed geochemical investigation of two siliciclastic‐dominated successions from Oman deposited through the Shuram Formation. Iron speciation data from both successions indicate formation beneath an intermittently anoxic local water column. Authigenic thallium (Tl) isotopic compositions leached from both successions are indistinguishable from bulk upper continental crust (ε205TlA ≈ −2) and, by analogy with modern equivalents, likely representative of the ancient seawater ε205Tl value. A crustal seawater ε205Tl value requires limited manganese (Mn) oxide burial on the ancient seafloor, and by extension widely distributed anoxic sediment porewaters. This inference is supported by muted redox‐sensitive element enrichments (V, Mo, and U) and consistent with some combination of widespread (a) bottom water anoxia and (b) high sedimentary organic matter loading. Contrary to a classical hypothesis, our interpretations place the Shuram excursion, and any coeval animal evolutionary events, in a predominantly anoxic global ocean.
Exploring the anti‐α‐amylase activity of flavonoid aglycones in fabaceae plant extracts: a combined MALDI‐TOF‐MS and LC–MS/MS approach
Authors: Filimonova Svetlana M. , Melnikov Evgeniy S. , Kaufmann Jan O. , Shchepochkina Olga Yu , Eremin Sergei A. , Gravel Irina V. , Raysyan Anna 
Published: May 2023

SummaryA combination of TLC‐bioautography, MALDI‐TOF‐MS and LC–MS/MS methods was used to identify flavonoids with anti‐α‐amylase activity in extracts of Lathyrus pratensis L. (herb), L. polyphillus L. (fruits), Thermopsis lanceolata R. Br. (herb) and S. japonica L. (buds). After the TLC‐autobiography assay, substances with anti‐amylase activity were identified by MALDI‐TOF‐MS followed by confirmation of the result by LC–MS/MS. Results of the study revealed that the flavonoids apigenin, luteolin, formononetin, genistein and kaempferol display marked anti‐α‐amylase activity. Formononetin showed the largest activity. Compared with LC–MS/MS, MALDI‐TOF‐MS is a quick and convenient method; results can be obtained within minutes; and only minor sample amounts are required which allows us to analyse mixtures of substances without preliminary separation. However, the inability to distinguish between isomers is the main limitation of the method.
Enhanced late positive potential to conditioned threat cue during delayed extinction in anxious youth
Authors: Klein Zohar , Shner‐Livne Gil , Danon‐Kraun Shani , Ginat‐Frolich Rivkah , Pine Daniel S. , Shechner Tomer 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDeficits in threat learning relate to anxiety symptoms. Since several anxiety disorders arise in adolescence, impaired adolescent threat learning could contribute to adolescent changes in risk for anxiety. This study compared threat learning among anxious and non‐anxious youth using self‐reports, peripheral psychophysiology measures, and event‐related potentials. Because exposure therapy, the first‐line treatment for anxiety disorders, is largely based on principles of extinction learning, the study also examined the link between extinction learning and treatment outcomes among anxious youth.MethodsClinically anxious (n = 28) and non‐anxious (n = 33) youth completed differential threat acquisition and immediate extinction. They returned to the lab a week later to complete a threat generalization test and a delayed extinction task. Following these two experimental visits, anxious youth received exposure therapy for 12 weeks.ResultsAnxious as compared to non‐anxious youth demonstrated elevated cognitive and physiological responses across acquisition and immediate extinction learning, as well as greater threat generalization. In addition, anxious youth showed enhanced late positive potential response to the conditioned threat cue compared to the safety cue during delayed extinction. Finally, aberrant neural response during delayed extinction was associated with poorer treatment outcomes.ConclusionsThe study emphasizes differences between anxious and non‐anxious youth in threat learning processes and provides preliminary support for a link between neural processing during delayed extinction and exposure‐based treatment outcome in pediatric anxiety.
Mesoscale standing wave imaging
Authors: Foylan Shannan , Schniete Jana Katharina , Kölln Lisa Sophie , Dempster John , Hansen Carsten Gram , Shaw Michael , Bushell Trevor John , McConnell Gail 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStanding wave (SW) microscopy is a method that uses an interference pattern to excite fluorescence from labelled cellular structures and produces high‐resolution images of three‐dimensional objects in a two‐dimensional dataset. SW microscopy is performed with high‐magnification, high‐numerical aperture objective lenses, and while this results in high‐resolution images, the field of view is very small. Here we report upscaling of this interference imaging method from the microscale to the mesoscale using the Mesolens, which has the unusual combination of a low‐magnification and high‐numerical aperture. With this method, we produce SW images within a field of view of 4.4 mm × 3.0 mm that can readily accommodate over 16,000 cells in a single dataset. We demonstrate the method using both single‐wavelength excitation and the multi‐wavelength SW method TartanSW. We show application of the method for imaging of fixed and living cells specimens, with the first application of SW imaging to study cells under flow conditions.
Comparison of conventional and consumer‐based sensory profiling methods for ready‐to‐drink coffee beverages
Authors: Yoon Gyeonghye , Kwak Han Sub , Heo JeongAe , Lee Youngseung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the extensive advancement of rapid descriptive methodologies as alternatives to conventional descriptive analysis (DA), various consumer‐based methodologies have been recently introduced. The present study aimed to compare three consumer‐based methodologies for sensory characterization (check‐all‐that‐apply [CATA], flash profile [FP], and free listing [FL]) as alternatives to DA, using six ready‐to‐drink coffee beverages. DA was performed with 10 trained panelists, whereas each consumer evaluation was conducted with 70 untrained consumers. The consumer methodologies were in good agreement with DA for profiling differences in consumer perception of the samples' sensory attributes, showing high regression vector (Rv) values (>0.9). Although FP was the most similar to DA (Rv = 0.936), it had a long evaluation time and high tediousness, whereas the CATA and FL methods were shorter and less tedious. FP and FL could spontaneously reflect consumer perceptions, while CATA has the advantages of being a simple and versatile method for evaluating consumer perception. Considering the unique benefits of each method, these consumer‐based methodologies could be viable alternatives to DA.Practical ApplicationsThis study indicates that CATA, FP, and FL methods could be good alternatives to DA for profiling differences in consumer perception of sensory attributes for ready‐to‐drink coffee beverages with medium–large sensory differences. With unique feature of each method, these consumer‐based methods would be of benefit to the coffee industry to get rapid consumer perception for the sensory description of ready‐to‐drink coffee beverages.
Paediatric porto‐sinusoidal vascular disease: Two different clinical phenotypes with subtle histological differences
Authors: Di Giorgio Angelo , Matarazzo Lorenza , Sonzogni Aurelio , Nicastro Emanuele , Pietrobattista Andrea , Cananzi Mara , Gaio Paola , Sciveres Marco , Di Leo Grazia , Iorio Raffaele , Marseglia Antonio , Carioli Greta , Maggiore Giuseppe , Guido Maria , D'Antiga Lorenzo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsIn paediatrics, porto‐sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) is relatively unknown and probably underdiagnosed. We aimed to describe clinical phenotypes, histology and outcome of children diagnosed with PSVD.MethodsRetrospective multicentre study of children diagnosed with PSVD. Diagnosis of PSVD was based on histopathology reports; liver specimens were re‐evaluated by two expert liver pathologists.ResultsSixty two children diagnosed with PSVD (M/F = 36/26, median age 6.6 years, range 3.3–10.6), from 7 centres, were included. Thirty‐six presented with non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension, PH, (PH‐PSVD Group = 58%) while 26 had a liver biopsy because of chronic elevation of transaminases without PH (noPH‐PSVD Group = 42%). On histology review, the two groups differed for the prevalence of obliterative portal venopathy (more prevalent in PH‐PSVD, p = 0.005), and hypervascularised portal tracts (more common in noPH‐PSVD, p = 0.039), the other histological changes were equally distributed. At multivariate analysis, platelet count ≤185 000/mm3 was the only independent determinant of PH (p < 0.001). After a median follow‐up of 7 years (range 3.0–11.2), in PH‐PSVD group 3/36 (8%) required TIPS placement, 5/36 (14%) developed pulmonary vascular complications of PH, and 7/36 (19%) required liver transplantation. In noPH‐PSVD none progressed to PH nor had complications.ConclusionsPaediatric patients with PSVD present with two different clinical phenotypes, one characterised by PH and one by chronic elevation of transaminases without PH. PSVD should be included among the conditions causing isolated hypertransaminasaemia. On histology, the differences between the two groups are subtle. Medium‐term outcome is favourable in patients without PH; progression of the disease is observed in those with PH.
Beyond positivism and interpretivism: An invitation to political competency in nursing
Authors: Bernardino Gilbert Jr De Los Santos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the sociopolitical status of nurses in the Philippines is examined. The importance of nursing research in identifying the many elements that contribute to inequality among nurses is critical in the face of these problems. The positivist and interpretivist perspectives, however, have limitations that could potentially perpetuate the many forms of inequality that already exist. The idea of political competency is introduced in this tension. A critical grasp of the elements that contribute to structural inequalities and a commitment to bringing about positive social changes make political competency a potential supplement to the limitations of critical theory.
Whither nursing philosophy: Past, present and future
Authors: Holt Janet 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA version of this paper was given as the Inaugural Steven Edwards Memorial Lecture at the 25th conference of the International Philosophy of Nursing Society 16th August 2022. Using the literary meaning of ‘whither’, that is ‘to what place’, this paper will explore the role of philosophy in nursing, past, present, and future. The paper will begin with some thoughts on the history of nursing philosophy, its development as a subject and the scholarly activities that have led to where it sits today. The establishment of the journal Nursing Philosophy, the Annual Nursing Philosophy Conference, the International Philosophy of Nursing Society (IPONS) and their influence on nursing both in the academy and in practice will be discussed. The concept of nursing philosophy as a discipline will be considered, and how this fits with nursing theory, and nursing knowledge. Philosophical questions central to understanding contemporary nursing in a globalised world will be explored and the use of analytical philosophy and philosophical method in addressing such questions. The paper will conclude by looking to the future; what the role of philosophy might be in shaping nursing as a discipline and in the preparation of future practitioners.
Utilising natural diversity of kinases to rationally engineer interactions with the angiosperm immune receptor ZAR1
Authors: Diplock Nathan , Baudin Maël , Harden Leslie , Silva Christopher J. , Erickson‐Beltran Melissa L. , Hassan Jana A. , Lewis Jennifer D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe highly conserved angiosperm immune receptor HOPZ‐ACTIVATED RESISTANCE1 (ZAR1) recognises the activity of diverse pathogen effector proteins by monitoring the ZED1‐related kinase (ZRK) family. Understanding how ZAR1 achieves interaction specificity for ZRKs may allow for the expansion of the ZAR1‐kinase recognition repertoire to achieve novel pathogen recognition outside of model species. We took advantage of the natural diversity of Arabidopsis thaliana kinases to probe the ZAR1‐kinase interaction interface and found that A. thaliana ZAR1 (AtZAR1) can interact with most ZRKs, except ZRK7. We found evidence of alternative splicing of ZRK7, resulting in a protein that can interact with AtZAR1. Despite high sequence conservation of ZAR1, interspecific ZAR1‐ZRK pairings resulted in the autoactivation of cell death. We showed that ZAR1 interacts with a greater diversity of kinases than previously thought, while still possessing the capacity for specificity in kinase interactions. Finally, using AtZAR1‐ZRK interaction data, we rationally increased ZRK10 interaction strength with AtZAR1, demonstrating the feasibility of the rational design of a ZAR1‐interacting kinase. Overall, our findings advance our understanding of the rules governing ZAR1 interaction specificity, with promising future directions for expanding ZAR1 immunodiversity.
Revisiting the role of MAPK signalling pathway in plants and its manipulation for crop improvement
Authors: Manna Mrinalini , Rengasamy Balakrishnan , Sinha Alok Krishna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important signalling event associated with every aspect of plant growth, development, yield, abiotic and biotic stress adaptation. Being a central metabolic pathway, it is a vital target for manipulation for crop improvement. In this review, we have summarised recent advancements in understanding involvement of MAPK signalling in modulating abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, architecture and yield of plants. MAPK signalling cross talks with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling events in bringing about abiotic stress adaptation in plants. The intricate involvement of MAPK pathway with plant's pathogen defence ability has also been identified. Further, recent research findings point towards participation of MAPK signalling in shaping plant architecture and yield. These make MAPK pathway an important target for crop improvement and we discuss here various strategies to tweak MAPK signalling components for designing future crops with improved physiology and phenotypes.
Focused true–true counterfactuals
Authors: Fan Da 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAny counterfactual with a true antecedent and a true consequent is invariably predicted to be true by the standard Stalnaker–Lewis semantics. But many such true–true counterfactuals appear false to ordinary speakers, which is considered by many authors as evidence that the standard semantics should be revised. However, Walters and Williams prove that allowing true–true counterfactuals to be false would unacceptably invalidate some very plausible logical principles. The objective of this paper is to provide a pragmatic account of seemingly false true–true counterfactuals, which explains why such counterfactuals seem false to ordinary speakers while being true semantically. In particular, a pluralistic pragmatic account is pursued: I argue that some true–trues seem false because they conversationally implicate some falsehood, and some others seem false because the focus (intonation stress) involved in them invokes some pragmatic re‐interpretation that affects speakers' truth‐value judgments.