bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Among Gram-Negative Isolates in Pediatric Patients in Latin America, Africa-Middle East, and Asia From 2016–2020 Compared to 2011–2015: Results From the ATLAS Surveillance Study
Authors: Yang Qiwen , Kamat Shweta , Mohamed Naglaa , Valdez Rafael Ricardo , Lin Stephen , Su Ming , Quintana Alvaro , Kiratisin Pattarachai , Rodríguez-Zulueta Ana Patricia , Brink Adrian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data in the pediatric population are limited, particularly in developing countries. This study assessed the AMR profile and key resistance phenotypes and genotypes for Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolates collected as part of the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance program from pediatric patients in Latin America, Africa-Middle East, and Asia in 2016–2020 versus 2011–2015.

Methods
Minimum inhibitory concentrations by broth microdilution methodology were interpreted per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoints were used for interpreting colistin activity. β-lactamase genes were screened by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing.

Results
For Acinetobacter baumannii, low susceptibility (&lt;60.0%) was observed for all antimicrobials, except colistin (≥92.9%), across regions and year periods. Ceftazidime-avibactam, amikacin, colistin, and meropenem were mostly active (78.6%–100.0%) against Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam, amikacin, and colistin was ≥85.9%. Among resistance phenotypes, carbapenem-resistant (CR, ≥44.8%) and difficult-to-treat resistant (DTR, ≥37.1%) rates were the highest in A. baumannii. A consistent increase in CR and DTR K. pneumoniae was noted across regions over time. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae (32.6%–55.6%) were more frequent than ESBL-producing E. coli (25.3%–37.1%). CTX-M was the dominant ESBL among Enterobacterales. NDM-positive Enterobacterales species and VIM-positive P. aeruginosa were identified across regions.

Conclusions
This study identified high susceptibility to few agents for key GNB in pediatric patients. Continued surveillance of resistance phenotypes and genotypes at regional levels may help to guide appropriate treatment decisions.
Internalism and the Determinacy of Mathematics
Authors: Picollo Lavinia , Waxman Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A major challenge in the philosophy of mathematics is to explain how mathematical language can pick out unique structures and acquire determinate content. In recent work, Button and Walsh have introduced a view they call ‘internalism’, according to which mathematical content is explained by internal categoricity results formulated and proven in second-order logic. In this paper, we critically examine the internalist response to the challenge and discuss the philosophical significance of internal categoricity results. Surprisingly, as we argue, while internalism arguably explains how we pick out unique mathematical structures, this does not suffice to account for the determinacy of mathematical discourse.
Impact of socioeconomic status and chemotherapy on neurocognitive performance in children with brain tumors
Authors: Chang Leslie , Patel Palak P , Zhang Yifan , Cohen Alan , Cohen Kenneth , Jacobson Lisa , Ladra Matthew , Peterson Rachel K , Acharya Sahaja 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Although the relationship between radiation and neurocognition has been extensively studied in the pediatric brain tumor population, it is increasingly recognized that neurocognitive impairment is multifactorial. Therefore, we quantified the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) and chemotherapy on neurocognitive impairment and decline post-treatment.

Methods
Eligible patients included those diagnosed with a brain tumor at &lt; 22 years of age with ≥1 neurocognitive assessment. Neurocognitive impairment was defined as performance 1.5 standard deviations below the normative mean using age-standardized measures of intellectual function. Neurocognitive decline was defined as a negative slope. Neurocognitive outcomes included Wechsler indices of Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Logistic regression identified variables associated with neurocognitive impairment. Longitudinal data was analyzed using linear mixed models.

Results
Eligible patients (n = 152, median age at diagnosis = 9.6 years) had a mean neurocognitive follow-up of 50.2 months. After accounting for age and receipt of craniospinal irradiation, patients with public insurance had 8-fold increased odds of impaired IQ compared to private insurance (odds ratio [OR]: 7.59, P &lt; .001). After accounting for age, change in IQ was associated with chemotherapy use (slope: −0.45 points/year with chemotherapy vs. 0.71 points/year without chemotherapy, P = .012).

Conclusions
Public insurance, an indicator of low SES, was associated with post-treatment impairment in IQ, highlighting the need to incorporate SES measures into prospective studies. Chemotherapy was associated with change in IQ. Further work is needed to determine whether impairment associated with low SES is secondary to baseline differences in IQ prior to brain tumor diagnosis, brain tumor/therapy itself, or some combination thereof.
Safety, Reactogenicity, Immunogenicity, and Dose Selection of 10-Valent Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Bioconjugate Vaccine (VAC52416) in Adults Aged 60–85 Years in a Randomized, Multicenter, Interventional, First-in-Human, Phase 1/2a Study
Authors: Fierro Carlos A , Sarnecki Michal , Doua Joachim , Spiessens Bart , Go Oscar , Davies Todd A , van den Dobbelsteen Germie , Poolman Jan , Abbanat Darren , Haazen Wouter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
ExPEC10V is a bioconjugate vaccine containing O-antigen polysaccharides of 10 extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) serotypes. This phase 1/2a study (NCT03819049) assessed the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of ExPEC10V (VAC52416) to prevent invasive E coli disease in elderly adults.

Methods
The observer-blind, active-controlled design included a 28-day screening, vaccination, 181-day follow-up, and 1-year follow-up. Participants (60–85 years of age) were randomized to ExPEC10V low dose (antigen dose range, 4–8 µg), ExPEC10V medium dose (4–16 µg), or ExPEC10V high dose (8–16 µg); 4-valent ExPEC vaccine (ExPEC4V); or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). The incidence of adverse events (AEs; solicited, day 15; unsolicited, day 30; serious AEs, day 181) and immunogenicity (electrochemiluminescent-based assay [ECL] and multiplex opsonophagocytic assay [MOPA]) were assessed. Optimal ExPEC10V dose was determined from safety data through day 30 and an immunogenicity dose selection algorithm based on day 15 ECL and MOPA results.

Results
A total of 416 participants were included (median age, 64.0 years; 54.8% female). The incidences of solicited local and systemic AEs were, respectively, 44.2% and 39.4% for low-dose, 52.9% and 46.1% for medium-dose, 57.7% and 45.2% for high-dose ExPEC10V, and 74.1% and 48.1% for PCV13. Five serious AEs, not vaccine related, were reported. The ECL revealed a robust antibody response to ExPEC10V through year 1. Opsonophagocytic killing activity was detected against all but serotype O8; this lack of response against serotype O8 was linked to low assay sensitivity. Based on the totality of data, high-dose ExPEC10V was considered optimal.

Conclusions
ExPEC10V was well tolerated and immunogenic in elderly adults against all but serotype O8.
The Utility of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) in the Management of Patients With Bronchiectasis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of 93 Cases
Authors: Zhang Hui , Shen Dongfeng , Zhou Jiaqi , Yang Qingyue , Ying Ying , Li Na , Cao Linfeng , Wang Wenmin , Ma Xiaolong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Bronchiectasis is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease mainly caused by pathogenic infections. However, standard methods of pathogen detection show prolonged cycle durations and unsatisfactory sensitivity and detection rates. Macrogenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) emerges as a promising technique for swift, effective, and unbiased pathogen detection and subsequent data interpretation.

Methods
Here, a retrospective analysis of 93 patients with suspected bronchiectasis was performed to assess the clinical applicability of mNGS. Bronchoalveolar alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected from these subjects, followed by standard assays and mNGS separately. The turnaround time, detection rate, and pathogen identification using mNGS were compared with those of standard methods.

Results
mNGS identified a greater number of bacteria (72 vs 16), fungi (26 vs 19), and viruses (14 vs 0) than standard methods. Specifically, the commonly identified bacteria were Haemophilus, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, while the most detected fungi were Aspergillus and the most prevalent viruses were human herpesviruses. Of note, 29 out of 30 patients (96.67%) who received optimized treatment strategies based on mNGS results experienced recovery.

Conclusions
Collectively, these findings suggest that mNGS has the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of bronchiectasis patients by enabling rapid and precise pathogen detection, which can lead to timely and effective treatment strategies.
Spontaneous periodic polarization wave in helielectric fluids
Authors: Zhou Junchen , Zou Yu , Li Jinxing , Huang Mingjun , Aya Satoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBy analogy with spin waves in ferromagnetic systems, the polarization (or dipole) wave is the electric counterpart that remains elusive. Here, we discover that the helielectricity, i.e. a polarization field with helicoidal helices that corresponds to a quasi-layered chiral nematic environment, causes a spontaneous formation of large-scale polarization waves in the form of the sinusoidal function. Both experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the polarization ordering over a threshold polarization strength violates the inherent periodicity of the polarization helices, thus penalizing the compression energy. It drives a second-order structural transition to a periodically modulated polarization wave state. The roles of chirality and confinement condition are discussed.
Measuring the impact of intellectual capital performance management indicators through the lens of organizational capital: A Police Agency case study
Authors: Al Ramahi Ahmed M , Davies Amanda , Al Kaabi Faisal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As the changing dynamics of the 21st-century workplace is influenced by societal demands and expectations, understanding the influence of organizational capital strategic indicators on employee performance is pivotal for competitive advantage and establishing best practice. There is a wealth of knowledge developed as to the influence of employee performance on organizational capital and, by association, intellectual capital. What is less known is the reverse influence—how do strategic management indicators of organizational capital influence employee performance? This study, conducted within a United Arab Emirates police agency explored the influence of six such indicators through interviews and a questionnaire. Results indicate middle-ranked positions placed the highest level of importance on risk management and crime prevention, with 97% of all study participants identifying this as an important/very important influencing indicator. Command (Administration) employees place marginally lower importance on an organizational clear vision and key performance indicators compared with core (operational) and services units (community-based services). A total of 89% of participants agreed that information technology/automated software influences employee and organizational performance. Models of excellence were perceived (57%) as having limited influence, however, acknowledging the capacity for influence on overall organizational performance. The variation in employee perception of the organizational capital indicators offers valuable insight for leadership decisions associated with aligning intellectual and organizational capital with the reality of employee, in this case, police officer, performance. Reviewing approaches to performance management supports police agencies to meet the continually evolving demands of the communities they serve.
Downsizing and recovery: Perceived quality of police services in Finland before, during, and after three major police management reform programs
Authors: Vuorensyrjä Matti 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study analyses the effects of three major police management reform programs on the perceived quality of police services in Finland. Downsizing in the early 2010s, and recovery of the number of personnel of the police towards the end of the 2010s, were notable over the police management reform years. The study is based on the analysis of three quality indicators from cross-sectional Police Citizen Surveys (1999–2020). We find that the reform period had a significant impact on the perceived quality of police services: negative in the early 2010s, and positive in the late 2010s. Respondents’ emergency response time estimates as well as perceived effectiveness of crime reporting deteriorated during the police management reform period. Since then, they have recovered. Policy-wise we conclude that in labor-intensive services such as policing management reform programs associated with downsizing constitute a real hazard, reducing, almost inevitably, the volume and the accessibility of services.
Flavor structure from ‘canonical’ Yukawa interactions and ‘emergent’ kinetic terms
Authors: Kawamura Yoshiharu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the flavor structure of quarks in the standard model from a viewpoint of a canonical type of Yukawa interactions and an emergence of kinetic terms. A realistic structure can be generated based on the emergence proposal that quark kinetic terms appear in the infrared region, as a result of radiative corrections involving towers of massive states.
Cross-Selling in Bank-Household Relationships: Mechanisms and Implications for Pricing
Authors: Basten Christoph , Juelsrud Ragnar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We show that banks cross-sell future deposits and loans to existing household depositors. A bank is 20-percentage-points more likely to sell a loan to an existing depositor than to an otherwise comparable household. Existing depositors pay a premium when borrowing, and we find no indication that banks obtain an informational advantage on such borrowers, suggesting that the cross-selling is driven more by demand than by supply complementarities. These demand complementarities are in turn driven more by stickiness rather than by unobserved persistent preferences. Finally, banks internalize future cross-selling potential when setting deposit rates.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
E66 Arthropathy as the initial presentation of HIV
Authors: Musyoki D K , Okong’o L O 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been associated with musculoskeletal disorders which has been estimated to occur in 11–72% of infected patients. Most of these reports however have been in adults with few published cases of HIV associated arthritis in children. The articular manifestations of HIV, especially overt arthritis, can occur at any stage of the disease but are more prevalent in advanced immunosuppression. With the increased access to early diagnosis and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), such complications have increasingly become rare. However, HIV diagnosis may often be missed or delayed in slow progressors, and in such circumstances, these patients may manifest with arthritis as the initial manifestation of HIV. Therefore, there’s need for consideration of HIV associated arthritis in children presenting with arthropathy of undetermined cause. We hereby present a case of arthritis as the initial manifestation of HIV in a child with missed diagnosis of HIV.

Methodology/case presentation
A 12-year-old boy was admitted in the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) paediatric ward with a history of joint pain and swelling for three months. He had otherwise previously been well. He had no history of fever, trauma, preceding gastroenteritis or urine tract infection. He had no chorea, no erythematous rash and no cardiac complications of rheumatic fever. He was not wasted, and was able to walk with great difficulty. He had bilateral knee and right ankle swelling. The swollen joints were warm to touch with positive ballotment and fluid sweep test. Joint aspiration revealed straw coloured joint effusion. Investigations included a positive HIV rapid test with CD4% of 6, CRP 8.33 mg/l (n = &lt;5), Elevated ESR (111 mm in first h) and negative ANA. Bilateral Knee -rays did not reveal any destructive or erosive changes. A diagnosis of HIV arthropathy was made and the patient was started on HAART, HCQ, prednisone and ibuprofen. He improved, with resolution of the joint swellings, was discharged home after 10 days and follow up in the rheumatology and comprehensive care clinics advised.

Conclusion
HIV arthropathy should be considered in patients manifesting with arthritis of unknown origin; and the patients evaluated for HIV as a strategy for identifying and including them in care. Highly active antiretroviral therapy, steroids, hydroxychloroquine and NSAIDS may be effective therapy for HIV arthropathy.
Disclosure statement: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Association between inflammatory indexes and erectile dysfunction in U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004
Authors: Liu Chunhui , Gao Yue , Ji Jie , Sun Chao , Chen Ming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The association of inflammatory biomarkers with erectile dysfunction (ED) is still largely unknown.

Aim
The study sought to explore the association of inflammatory biomarkers with ED in U.S. adults.

Methods
Participant data for this study were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and individuals that lacked information on clinical variables were excluded. Dose-response curve analysis was applied to explore the association of inflammatory biomarkers with ED prevalence. The confounders were adjusted for with weighted logistic regression analysis. We employed 1:1 propensity score matching to eliminate the effects of clinical variables to confirm the reliability of the results.

Outcomes
ED prevalence was investigated with potential risk factors.

Results
A total of 2331 men ≥20 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 were included in this study. Compared with individuals without ED, ED cohort displayed higher levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammatory index, and systemic inflammation response index. Dose-response curve analysis indicated ED prevalence increased with the increase of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammatory index, and systemic inflammation response index. Weighed logistic regression analysis revealed neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was positively associated with ED. The reliability of the results was confirmed by 1:1 propensity score matching reanalysis.

Clinical Implications
Individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions should be alert for the development of ED.

Strengths and Limitations
It is a large controlled study to investigate the relationship between inflammatory indexes and ED. However, it is a cross-sectional study and it lacks an accurate assessment of the degree of ED.

Conclusion
Inflammatory biomarkers were associated with ED prevalence.
Platelet-rich plasma for erectile dysfunction: a review of the current research landscape
Authors: Fazekas Dylan , Campbell Katherine , Ledesma Braian , Masterson Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve or maintain erection for satisfactory sexual performance. ED drastically reduces the quality of life for men and their partners and is commonly linked to comorbid conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. As a result, clinicians and researchers are working to improve treatments for ED. Current guideline-approved ED treatments include oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, intraurethral alprostadil, penile intracavernosal injections, and penile prosthesis surgery. Today, there is increasing interest in restorative therapies such as intracavernosal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the management of ED.

Objectives
This narrative review describes the current trials investigating intracavernosal PRP for ED and proposes future directions to increase the strength of evidence to support use of PRP in this population.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus was performed to identify all randomized clinical trials using PRP for the treatment of ED.

Results
We identified 4 randomized clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of PRP for ED. We found significant heterogeneity among study protocols, including collection of PRP, dosing of PRP, and follow-up.

Conclusion
While intracavernosal PRP is considered safe, its efficacy for the management of ED remains unknown due to variability among clinical trials.
Poppers use and HIV infection—a literature review
Authors: Abdalla Kalil B , da Silveira Dartiu X , Fidalgo Thiago M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
During the HIV surge in the 1980s, inhaled volatile nitrites (poppers) were hypothesized as a possible cause of the AIDS. Later it was found that poppers use was not the cause but rather a marker associated with HIV acquisition and sexual behaviors without the use of prevention tools.

Objectives
This article reviews the available literature regarding the association between poppers use and newly acquired HIV, aiming to support the hypothesis that there is no causal association between nitrites use and HIV transmission and to discuss other contributing factors.

Methods
We searched all studies published until March 2022 that discussed poppers use and HIV. We extracted relevant information, such as authors and publication year, country where the study was conducted, study design, characteristics of the population, number of participants, objectives of the study, methods, results, and limitations.

Results
The search identified 1956 abstracts, and 1915 were excluded after title review. Forty-one abstracts were assessed, and 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies found an association between nitrites use and HIV transmission. Four studies associated HIV transmission with sexual behavior without the use of prevention tools, and 5 articles associated nitrites use with this kind of sexual behavior.

Conclusions
Our findings show a complex association among nitrites use, sexual behaviors without the use of prevention tools, and sexually transmitted infections; furthermore, it is impossible to make causal inferences between poppers use and HIV disease. The data suggest that it is vital to consider this substance use when planning health policies for specific populations, such as men who have sex with men, focusing on harm reduction strategies, psychoeducation, and orientations on sex with the use of prevention tools.

Clinical Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42020181437. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=181437.