bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External tournament incentives and corporate social irresponsibility
Authors: Zhong Xi , Chen Weihong , Ren Ge 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe integrate the perspectives of tournament and agency theories to examine whether, how, and when external tournament incentives influence firms' corporate social irresponsibility (CSI). Using data on Chinese listed companies from 2003 to 2020, we show that external tournament incentives positively affect firms' CSI. Essentially, CEOs can use CSI to rapidly improve the firm's short‐term performance and thus increase their chances of winning external tournaments. Therefore, CEOs have an incentive to push companies to implement more CSI in response to external tournament incentives. Meanwhile, we find that good external corporate governance mechanisms (short‐selling pressure, marketization, and social trust) inhibit CEOs' opportunistic tendency to use CSI in response to external tournament incentives, thus attenuating the positive impact of external tournament incentives on CSI. This study extends the literature on external tournament incentives and CSI and provides important insights for shareholders and policymakers to effectively curb CSI.
Racing performance of Thoroughbred racehorses with suspensory ligament branch desmitis treated with mesenchymal stem cells (2010–2019)
Authors: Hansen Stefanie H. , Bramlage Lawrence R. , Moore George E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSuspensory ligament branch desmitis (SLBD) is a common injury in Thoroughbred racehorses. Orthobiologic treatment of these injuries is a relatively new approach, and there is limited information available on post injury racing performance in racehorses treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).ObjectivesTo assess racing performance post injury in Thoroughbred racehorses with SLBD treated with MSCs.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsMedical records of racehorses with SLBD treated with MSCs from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed. All horses were treated with allogeneic stem cells injected locally at the time of diagnosis and subsequently received 3–4 treatments with autologous bone‐marrow derived MSCs. Ultrasonographic and radiographic images were evaluated to determine the degree of suspensory branch injury and sesamoiditis of the associated proximal sesamoid bone. Race performance was assessed by career length, class of races, number of starts and earnings post injury. Race performance of horses that raced pre and post injury were compared.ResultsOf 69 treated horses, 71% (49/69) [95% CI: 59%–81%] raced post injury. Horses that had raced pre injury were more likely to race post injury (90% [18/20]) than horses that did not race pre injury (63% [31/49]; p = 0.03). Females were less likely to race post injury than males (52% [11/21] vs. 79% [38/49], respectively; p = 0.02). In the 18 horses that raced pre and post injury, the number of races, earnings and earnings per start were not significantly different pre and post injury. The average career length of all horses that raced post injury was 29.5 months.Main limitationsRetrospective study design and lack of controls.ConclusionsTreatment with MSCs resulted in a majority of Thoroughbred racehorses with SLBD racing post treatment. Racing pre injury and being male was positively associated with racing post injury.
Dermatologist versus artificial intelligence confidence in dermoscopy diagnosis: Complementary information that may affect decision‐making
Authors: Van Molle Pieter , Mylle Sofie , Verbelen Tim , De Boom Cedric , Vankeirsbilck Bert , Verhaeghe Evelien , Dhoedt Bart , Brochez Lieve 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn dermatology, deep learning may be applied for skin lesion classification. However, for a given input image, a neural network only outputs a label, obtained using the class probabilities, which do not model uncertainty. Our group developed a novel method to quantify uncertainty in stochastic neural networks. In this study, we aimed to train such network for skin lesion classification and evaluate its diagnostic performance and uncertainty, and compare the results to the assessments by a group of dermatologists. By passing duplicates of an image through such a stochastic neural network, we obtained distributions per class, rather than a single probability value. We interpreted the overlap between these distributions as the output uncertainty, where a high overlap indicated a high uncertainty, and vice versa. We had 29 dermatologists diagnose a series of skin lesions and rate their confidence. We compared these results to those of the network. The network achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 50% and 88%, comparable to the average dermatologist (respectively 68% and 73%). Higher confidence/less uncertainty was associated with better diagnostic performance both in the neural network and in dermatologists. We found no correlation between the uncertainty of the neural network and the confidence of dermatologists (R = −0.06, p = 0.77). Dermatologists should not blindly trust the output of a neural network, especially when its uncertainty is high. The addition of an uncertainty score may stimulate the human‐computer interaction.
Tourist ethnocentrism: A bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science (WoS)
Authors: Cardador Jaime José Orts , Pérez‐Gálvez Jesús Claudio , Gomez‐Casero Gema , Alba Carol Angélica Jara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe scientific literature regarding ethnocentrism is quite extensive in the fields of marketing, politics and psychology; however, in the realm of tourism it is barely mentioned and there is even less research. This study intends to fill the current bibliometric void in terms of the relationship between ethnocentrism and tourism. Its main goal is to display qualitative and quantitative analysis of ethnocentrism and tourism research from 1991 until September 2022, which enables an inventory of its scientific production. The results show the need for extensive intercultural research in order to obtain a more extensive view of tourist ethnocentrism.
Teachers' perspectives on pedagogy in short‐term language study abroad
Authors: Fischer Brett , Viens Danielle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStudy abroad (SA) in North America is changing in two ways: short‐term trips are becoming more popular, and more students are traveling in teacher‐facilitated groups. These changes raise questions about how teaching methods can help to improve outcomes in short stays abroad, particularly in the case of language learners. To better understand teachers' perspectives on pedagogy, we conducted a series of group and individual interviews with 18 college teachers who facilitate short‐term language SA. The results of a constructivist grounded theory analysis showed that teachers believed pedagogy in short‐term SA could be improved by integrating the SA program into the at‐home curriculum, by targeting both measurable and process‐based objectives, by adopting a variety of teaching strategies including experiential teaching, and by integrating interactions between students and locals in different ways.
Development of stable and functional encapsulated chrysin using casein–polysaccharide complexes for food applications
Authors: Parappa Kruthika , Krishnapura Prajna Rao , Iyyaswami Regupathi , Belur Prasanna D. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryChrysin is a hydrophobic flavonoid with multiple health benefits. The various applications of chrysin are challenged by its poor solubility, instability and loss of bioactivity. Casein–chrysin complex and casein–polysaccharide–chrysin complexes have developed to overcome these limitations. Very high encapsulation efficiency of 98.23 ± 0.22% was achieved with casein–inulin–chrysin complex. The chrysin was able to form a stable casein–polysaccharide–chrysin complex suspension with a hydrodynamic diameter of 382.3 nm, zeta potential value of −12.3 mV and a Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 27.7. The antioxidant activity of chrysin increased about threefold after encapsulation. The release of chrysin from its encapsulated complexes to different buffers in the pH range of 3 to 10 was studied at 1:10 ratio. At the end of 48 h, only 6%–8% of chrysin was released in the pH range 3–4, 33%–58% at pH 5–9 and 62% at pH 10. The chrysin encapsulated in casein–inulin–chrysin complex was able to overcome the rapid release of chrysin from the casein–chrysin complex. The results indicate the successful development of a stable encapsulated chrysin complex which can overcome the various limitations of chrysin in its potential applications.
Technical assessment of nanofiltration process for concentration of cranberry juice and recovery of benzoic acid
Authors: Lai Dat Quoc , Tagashira Nobuhiro , Hagiwara Shoji , Nakajima Mitsutoshi , Kimura Toshinori , Nabetani Hiroshi 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThis work investigated cranberry juice nanofiltration using a plate and frame pilot plant equipped with NF99 membrane to concentrate cranberry juice and simultaneously separate benzoic acid from cranberry juice. The influences of ultrafiltration pretreatment were also considered. The results indicated that UF pretreatment can improve permeate flux and consequently the concentration factor and concentration degree. In both cases, the dominant fouling mechanism of cranberry juice nanofiltration was complete blocking. However, the UF pretreatment could reduce the fouling phenomena. With nanofiltration of ultrafiltration pretreated cranberry juice at pH 2.5 and 4 MPa of operating pressure; concentration factor, concentration degree, final solid content, the total rejection of benzoic acid and recovery yield of soluble solid were 4.23, 4.14, 21.3 oBrix, 0.703 and 0.938 respectively. In the permeate, the benzoic acid content on dry matter increased more than 10 times compared with the feed. These results indicate that it is promising to apply nanofiltration for not only recovering benzoic acid from cranberry juice but also concentrating that juice simultaneously with benzoic acid recovery.
Using wheat flour mixing technology: the relationship between dough rheological properties and oil content in frying behaviour
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Mengmeng , Guan Erqi , Liu Yuanxiao , Wen Jiping 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThis study investigated the potential of six wheat flour mixing schemes for reducing the oil content of fried dough sticks and provided a new idea for the production of special wheat flour. The results showed that the FP‐4, FP‐5 and FP‐6 mixing schemes showed some degree of oil reduction, while the FP‐1, FP‐2 and FP‐3 mixing schemes did not perform well in terms of oil reduction. Overall, the compounded wheat flour with relatively high‐protein content had a good oil reduction effect. Dough with higher water absorption, longer development time, stability time and higher deformation capacity had a denser gluten network structure, which was attributed to the presence of membranes in the gluten structure that acted as a barrier to the intrusion of oil. The principal component analysis results also showed that FP‐5 and FP‐6 had relatively high overall scores and had better dough characteristics that were conducive to the reduction of oil content in fried dough sticks. To some extent, the wheat flour mixing scheme proposed in the study has a positive effect on the reduction of oil content in fried dough sticks and can be used as a data reference for the development of low‐fat fried dough sticks.
Contextual factors influencing the implementation of advanced practice nursing in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Rivera Darinka , Prades Joan , Sevilla Guerra Sonia , Borras Josep M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced practice nurse (APN) roles bring great added value to health systems. However, their integration into the health workforce and the sustainability of the role depend on contextual factors surrounding their implementation.AimTo explore the contextual factors that influence the organization, implementation, and performance of clinical practice among oncology APNs in Catalonia (Spain).MethodsThis is a descriptive qualitative study. A framework of contextual factors was applied to explore the perspectives of 14 oncology APNs in public hospitals in Catalonia by means of semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed according to the thematic analysis approach. The COREQ checklist was used to report the study.ResultsAPNs in cancer care strongly depend on the hospital environment where they are introduced. Recognition by the multidisciplinary team, the existence of mentoring experiences, and networking between APNs are critical factors that can help or hinder the development and autonomy of the APNs. Likewise, support from nursing managers and directors is decisive in defining the professional profile, establishing accountability mechanisms, and securing financial resources, including economic recognition. Factors related to the external environment can also contribute, including a standardized national APN model and scientific societies.ConclusionsContextual factors around clinical practice, institutional structures, and professional networks are crucial determinants for adequately integrating APNs at the health system level.Implications for nursing policyProfessional bodies and national nursing organizations should lay the groundwork for defining standards of practice and advocate for specific regulations. In addition, financial recognition and accountability mechanisms to assess the impact of their contribution should be a priority to ensure sustainability and APN satisfaction.
Thermal stability of ReB2‐type transition metal diborides
Authors: Long Ying , Lin Shiming , Lin Hua‐Tay 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe thermal stability of metastable ReB2‐type transition metal diborides (TMB2), which are considered as new type of superhard material, is of vital importance to obtain bulk samples. In the present work, thermal stability of four kinds of ReB2‐type TMB2 powders, ReB2, OsB2, Os1–xRexB2, and Os1‐xWxB2, were synthesized with varied transition metal (TM)‐to‐B molar ratio by mechanochemical methods and the subsequent annealing was compared. The as‐synthesized powders were then consolidated using a pressureless sintering technique. The results showed that the B content required to obtain the pure hexagonal ReB2‐type Os1–x(TM)xB2 phase varied, which indicated different thermal stabilities, such as OsB2 < Os0.1W0.1B2 < Os0.9Re0.1B2 < Os0.8W0.2B2 < ReB2 < Os0.6W0.4B2 and Os0.5W0.5B2. Among them, Os0.6W0.4B2 and Os0.5W0.5B2 were found to be relatively thermally stable and could be synthesized with a stoichiometric molar ratio of (Os + W):B = 1:2. It was also found that the thermal stability of TMB2 with a hexagonal ReB2 structure could be mainly governed by the length of lattice constant c. The results have guiding significance for the design and preparation of new type of TM borides. In addition, the hardness of TMB2 can be increased by tailoring the B content in the raw materials more precisely.
The EMeRGE theory of emerging adult‐aged women's sexual and reproductive health self‐management: A grounded theory study
Authors: Schlegel Emma C. , Pickler Rita H. , Tate Judith A. , Williams Karen Patricia , Smith Laureen H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore how emerging adult‐aged women self‐manage their sexual and reproductive health and to generate a grounded theory of these self‐management processes.DesignGrounded theory methods using a constructivist approach.MethodsBetween September 2019 and September 2020, 18‑ to 25‐years‐old women (n = 13) were recruited from a 4‐year university, a 2‐year community college, and neighbourhoods surrounding the institutions of higher education. Individual interviews were transcribed verbatim and qualitatively analysed using a constant comparative method and inductive coding.ResultsThe theory purports that core processes of sexual and reproductive health self‐management used by the women in this study included both passive and (re)active processes. These processes expanded upon and/or maintained the women's accessible sexual and reproductive health knowledge, behaviour and beliefs, defined as the sexual and reproductive health repertoire. The processes appeared to be cyclical and were often initiated by a catalysing event or catalyst and resulted in conversations with confidantes, or trusted individuals. A catalyst was either resolved or normalized by expanding or maintaining the sexual and reproductive health repertoire.ConclusionThe resulting theory, EMeRGE Theory, offers insight into the complex and cyclical processes emerging adult‐aged women use to simultaneously develop and adapt their foundational sexual and reproductive health knowledge, behaviours and beliefs.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThis explication of emerging adult‐aged women's sexual and reproductive health self‐management processes can be used by nurses and nurse researchers to better address this population's unique health needs.ImpactThe EMeRGE Theory provides valuable guidance for future exploratory and intervention research aimed at improving the health and well‐being of emerging adult‐aged women.Reporting MethodThe authors adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative studies (COREQ) in preparation of this publication.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
What predicts variation in reliability and validity of online peer assessment? A large‐scale cross‐context study
Authors: Xiong Yao , Schunn Christian D. , Wu Yong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundFor peer assessment, reliability (i.e., consistency in ratings across peers) and validity (i.e., consistency of peer ratings with instructors or experts) are frequently examined in the research literature to address a central concern of instructors and students. Although the average levels are generally promising, both reliability and validity can vary substantially from context to context. Meta‐analyses have identified a few moderators that are related to peer assessment reliability/validity, but they have lacked statistical power to systematically investigate many moderators or disentangle correlated moderators.ObjectivesThe current study fills this gap by addressing what variables influence peer assessment reliability/validity using a large‐scale, cross‐context dataset from a shared online peer assessment platform.MethodsUsing multi‐level structural equation models, we examined three categories of variables: (1) variables related to the context of peer assessment; (2) variables related to the peer assessment task itself; and (3) variables related to rating rubrics of peer assessment.Results and ConclusionsWe found that the extent to which assessment documents varied in quality on the given rubric played a central role in mediating the effect from different predictors to peer assessment reliability/validity. Other variables that are significantly associated with reliability and validity included: Education Level, Language, Discipline, Average Ability of Peer Raters, Draft Number, Assignment Number, Class Size, Average Number of Raters, and Length of Rubric Description. The results provide information to guide practitioners on how to improve reliability and validity of peer assessments.
Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae (Mechnikov) Sorokin ICIPE 69 against the melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) infesting courgette (Cucurbita pepo L.) in field cages
Authors: Dubois Thomas , Onsongo Susan K. , Odhiambo Joseph A. , Omuse Evanson R. , Akutse Komivi S. , Mohamed Samira A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEffective integrated pest management (IPM) of the melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), a devastating pest threatening horticultural production in Africa, is urgently needed. In this study, a caged field experiment was implemented in Thika, Kenya to test the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae (Mechnikov) Sorokin ICIPE 69 for Z. cucurbitae control in courgette Cucurbita pepo L. Treatments included: (1) dry conidia of M. anisopliae ICIPE 69 applied in an autodissemination device (fungus); (2) dry conidia of M. anisopliae ICIPE 69 in an autodissemination device combined with cuelure, a male attractant (fungus + cuelure); (3) a commercial insecticide (profenofos + cypermethrin) (insecticide); and (4) an untreated control (control). Each treatment was replicated thrice and the experiment was conducted twice during two seasons. Flies (300/tunnel) and treatments were introduced at flowering. One day later, 25 flies/tunnel were randomly collected from each cage to assess conidial acquisition (for fungus and fungus + cuelure treatments only) and mortality during a 10‐day interval in the laboratory. Flies in the fungus + cuelure treatment acquired more conidia (18.02 ± 0.48 conidia/fly) than those in the fungus treatment (11.93 ± 0.40 conidia/fly). Flies in the fungus + cuelure treatment experienced the highest mortality (95.31% ± 1.69%), while those in the insecticide treatment experienced the lowest (38.70% ± 4.32%). Dry conidia were collected from the autodissemination devices (in the fungus and fungus + cuelure treatment) daily for 7 days after flowering to check for compatibility through germination tests. Percentage germination reduced over time from 86.45% ± 1.77% and 87.72% ± 1.71% on day 1 to 16.39% ± 2.11% and 42.76% ± 1.74% on day 7 (seasons 1 and 2, respectively). The yield was significantly different among treatments and was, across seasons, highest in the fungus + cuelure (6961 ± 550 kg/ha) and insecticide (7267 ± 352 kg/ha) treatments and lowest in the control treatment (2089 ± 155 kg/ha).
First record of the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1839) from the Maldivian archipelago, central Indian Ocean
Authors: Parmegiani Andrea , Gobbato Jacopo , Seveso Davide , Galli Paolo , Montano Simone 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVerified records of the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas are lacking in the Maldives. This study provides the first confirmed evidence of 23 sightings observed from 2013 to 2023 in the central and southern atolls of this archipelago. Most of the sightings occurred in close proximity to inhabited areas, where food waste is often discarded into the water, or in several dive sites, suggesting the presence of this species in different locations around central and southern atolls. Although further research is required to fully investigate the C. leucas population in the Maldives, this report documents and confirms its presence in this region.