bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on self-administered swabs, Denmark, May to July 2022: evaluation of a pilot study
Authors: Fogh Kamille , Graakjær Larsen Tine , Martel Cyril Jean-Marie , Trier Møller Frederik , Skafte Vestergaard Lasse , Trebbien Ramona , Vangsted Anne-Marie , Grove Krause Tyra 
Published: September 2023

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Danish National Institute for Infectious Disease, Statens Serum Institute (SSI) developed a home-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance system.

Aims
We wanted to determine whether a cohort of individuals performing self-administered swabs for PCR at home could support surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, including detection and assessment of new variants. We also aimed to evaluate the logistical setup.

Methods
From May to July 2022, 10,000 blood donors were invited to participate, along with their household members. Participation required performing a self-swab for 4 consecutive weeks and answering symptom questionnaires via a web app. Swabs were sent by post to SSI for PCR analysis and whole genome sequencing. After study completion, participants were asked to complete a questionnaire concerning their experience.

Results
In total, 2,186 individuals enrolled (47.4% blood donors), and 1,333 performed self-swabbing (53.0 blood donors), of whom 48 had at least one SARS-CoV-2-positive sample. Fourteen different Omicron subvariants, primarily BA.5 subvariants, were identified by whole genome sequencing (WGS). In total, 29 of the 63 SARS-CoV-2-positive samples were taken from individuals who were asymptomatic at the time of swabbing. Participants collected 2.9 swabs on average, with varying intervals between swabs. Transmission within households was observed in only three of 25 households.

Conclusion
Participants successfully performed self-swabs and answered symptom questionnaires. Also, WGS analysis of samples was possible. The system can support surveillance of respiratory pathogens and also holds potential as a diagnostic tool, easing access to test for at-risk groups, while also reducing the burden on healthcare system resources.
Das Lied in der Frühen Neuzeit.
Authors: Dröse Astrid 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article outlines the status, tasks, and desiderata of research on the song of the early modern period. The starting point of the contribution is Adorno’s rejection of the Lied from an ideology-critical and autonomy-aesthetic point of view. In the post-war period, this had consequences for research on the Lied as well as for the social treatment of this form. On the other hand, national-philological perspectives continued to dominate for a long time; at the same time, the song (Lied) was not only neglected in research, but also the singing of songs became suspect and was increasingly rejected in music didactics. Only new discussions, first about terminology (Musikalische Lyrik, Danuser 2004), have made the song attractive again. Recent research has focused on aspects such as translation, mobility, social history, and praxeology. Using examples of early modern song authors like Heinrich Müller, Heinrich Albert, Martin Opitz, and especially Johann Rist, this essay presents these new perspectives.
Spracharbeit und interkonfessionelle Liedtradition
Authors: Robert Jörg , Strohschneider Moritz 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article deals with the numerous psalm songs that Martin Opitz composed between 1626 and 1638 to melodies from the Geneva Psalter. It discusses them in the context of the great tradition of Protestant psalm songs which had flourished since the Reformation and considers their role for Opitz’s poetics and linguistic reflection (‘Spracharbeit’). In the first part, the essay presents Opitz’s translation work on the Psalter showing that the poet wanted to create a normative example of German-language sacred poetry. We then reconstruct Opitz’s poetics on the basis of his songs on Psalm 6, linking it to the European tradition of the psalm song as well as to theological and dogmatic issues.
The Audit “Dressed” in Law, or Some Aspects of the Auditor’s Responsibility in Ukraine
Authors: REDKO О. 
Published: September 2023

An evidence of the auditing activities’ globalization is the unification of technical rules and norms of auditing practices across countries, including international requirements to the quality of audit, taking form of standards or recommendations or legal acts. But the legal responsibility of an auditor before customers remains to be in the national jurisdictions. The article highlights the peculiarities in implementing the legal responsibility of an auditor by case of Ukraine.
In the legal framework of the Ukrainian audit, namely in the Law of Ukraine “Audit of Financial Statements and Auditing Activities” from 21.12.2017, there appeared a new notion, “professional responsibility”. Its essence and specifics of usage in the Ukrainian auditing practice regulated by the above law are highlighted by analyzing the categories of customers of auditing services, which can be potential claimants on auditors for the allegedly poor quality of services; categories of legally fixed violations for which an auditor can be held accountable in court; categories of legally fixed duties of auditors and auditing entities.
Results of the study lead to the conclusion that the auditing activities in Ukraine have not been established yet, because the auditing business has to be run in a blurred legal framework, with the legal accountability of an auditor specified by a large number of legal acts setting various priorities and regulating various working aspects of auditors and auditing entities. The current Law of Ukraine “Audit of Financial Statements and Auditing Activities”, apart from failing to remove these drawbacks, seems to be designed to turn an independent auditor into a regulated tool of government control over auditing entities, with overlooking the fact that the audit is a business activity.
Recommendations on improvements of the current law regulating the audit in Ukraine in order to strengthen its capacities and increase the demand for auditing services from business enterprise and government sector are given.
The Consistency of Basic Principles of Internal Audit at Private Enterprises
Authors: NOVICHENKO L. , SHCHYRSKA О. V. 
Published: September 2023

Economic challenges of our time determine the need in clear identification and specification of management functions as part of the business processes and their control. European practices of business development give evidence of the need in a comprehensive approach to organizational, methodological and practical actions focused on building up the internal control system in symbiosis with the management department. The research objective involved an analysis of the consistency of basic principles underlying the quality of internal control at private enterprises through outlining the functions, methods and procedures of internal audit.
The purposes of international audit (verification of financial statements, compliance control, operational audit) are outlined. The goal and assignments of internal audit are determined in the context of private business demands. A revised approach to defining the set of functions of international audit in view of the demands articulated by business enterprises operating in the conditions of crisis economy is proposed. The essential meaning of the categories of “method”, “technique” and “methodology” is highlighted in the context of internal control.
The conclusion is made that the assignments of internal audit need to be solved by use of creative methods of control and innovative approaches to various situations, which requires a multifaceted classification of internal audit in view of its customer demands: technical audit, technological audit, organizational audit, legal audit, environmental audit, social audit, marketing audit. An information platform for balanced decision-making involves combinations of control functions and entails the emergence of unified forms of internal audit: risk-oriented audit, business-oriented audit, factor-oriented audit, etc.
Approximating Kolmogorov complexity
Authors: Ishkuvatov Ruslan , Musatov Daniil , Shen Alexander 
Published: September 2023

It is well known that the Kolmogorov complexity function (the minimal length of a program producing a given string, when an optimal programming language is used) is not computable and, moreover, does not have computable lower bounds. In this paper we investigate a more general question: can this function be approximated? By approximation we mean two things: firstly, some (small) difference between the values of the complexity function and its approximation is allowed; secondly, at some (rare) points the values of the approximating function may be arbitrary. For some values of the parameters such approximation is trivial (e.g., the length function is an approximation with error d except for a [Formula: see text] fraction of inputs). However, if we require a significantly better approximation, the approximation problem becomes hard, and we prove it in several settings. Firstly, we show that a finite table that provides good approximations for Kolmogorov complexities of n-bit strings, necessarily has high complexity. Secondly, we show that there is no good computable approximation for Kolmogorov complexity of all strings. In particular, Kolmogorov complexity function is neither generically nor coarsely computable, as well as its approximations, and the time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity (for any computable time bound) deviates significantly from the unbounded complexity function. We also prove hardness of Kolmogorov complexity approximation in another setting: the mass problem whose solutions are good approximations for Kolmogorov complexity function is above the halting problem in the Medvedev lattice. Finally, we mention some proof-theoretic counterparts of these results. A preliminary version of this paper was presented at CiE 2019 conference (In Computing with Foresight and Industry – 15th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2019, Durham, UK, July 15–19, 2019, Proceedings ( 2019 ) 230–239 Springer).
The Complexity of Nutritional Problems in Persons with Dementia: Expanding a Theoretical Model
Authors: van Buuren Cornelia Pieternella , van der Steen Jenny Theodora , Olthof-Nefkens Maria , Bakker Christian , Koopmans Raymond Theodorus Catherina Maria , Perry Marieke , Kalf Johanna Gezina 
Published: September 2023

Background: Persons with dementia are at risk of developing nutritional problems. Theoretical models on nutritional problems have been developed, but have not been evaluated with healthcare professionals. Objective: This study aimed to explore the comprehensiveness and applicability of a theoretical model of nutritional problems in persons with dementia for daily nursing home practice. Methods: A qualitative design employing a combined deductive and inductive approach was used. Healthcare professionals were eligible to participate if they 1) had expert knowledge of and experience with nutritional problems related to dementia, and 2) worked in a nursing home affiliated with an academic network covering the east and south of the Netherlands. Three focus group interviews with 20 healthcare professionals from seven professions were held. We conducted thematic analysis and we compared themes with existing theoretical models from the literature. Results: We identified six themes, four of which corresponded with the existing models (observing and analysing nutritional problems; consequences of nutritional problems; functioning of the person with dementia; environmental factors). Interprofessional collaboration and ethical factors were identified as new themes. The analyses indicated interactions within each theme, between themes, and a bidirectional connection between themes. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the relevance of interprofessional collaboration and ethical considerations in nutritional problems related to dementia. It uncovered complex bidirectional relations within and between factors regarding nutritional problems. All aspects should be taken into account to minimize the consequences of nutritional problems for persons with dementia.
Characterizing Limbic-Predominant Age-Related TDP-43 Encephalopathy Without Alzheimer’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia in the Oldest Old: A Case Series
Authors: Leiby Anne-Marie C. , Scambray Kiana A. , Nguyen Hannah L. , Basith Farheen , Fakhraee Shahrzad , Melikyan Zarui A. , Bukhari Syed A. , Montine Thomas J. , Corrada María M. , Kawas Claudia H. , Sajjadi S. Ahmad 
Published: September 2023

Background: Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is a clinicopathological construct proposed to facilitate studying TDP-43 pathology in older individuals. Objective: Our aim was to describe clinical and cognitive characteristics of LATE-NC without Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) and Lewy body (LB) and to compare this with ADNC and primary age related tauopathy (PART). Methods: In 364 autopsies of the oldest old of The 90+ Study, we identified those with LATE-NC without ADNC and LB. Control groups were participants with ADNC and PART. Results: Of 31% of participants who had LATE-NC, only 5 (1.4%) had LATE-NC without ADNC and LB, all of whom had tau. These participants had a gradual and progressive cognitive decline. Four (80%) had dementia at death, a rate that was higher than ADNC (50%) and PART (21.7%). Mean duration of cognitive impairment was twice as long in LATE-NC without ADNC and LB (6.2 years) compared to ADNC (2.9 years) and PART (3 years). LATE-NC without ADNC and LB group had a higher prevalence of syncope, depression, and extrapyramidal signs than the ADNC and PART groups. Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of LATE-NC, LATE-NC without ADNC and LB was rare in this large oldest-old cohort, highlighting the very high prevalence of multiple pathologic changes in the oldest old. Slowly progressive cognitive decline, ubiquitous memory impairment, history of syncope and depression, and extrapyramidal signs were prominent features among our LATE-NC without ADNC and LB group.
Validation of a Computerized Cognitive Training Tool to Assess Cognitive Impairment and Enable Differentiation Between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Authors: Liu Li-Yang , Xing Yi , Zhang Zi-Heng , Zhang Qing-Ge , Dong Ming , Wang Haibo , Cai Longjun , Wang Xiaoyi , Tang Yi 
Published: September 2023

Background: Age-related cognitive decline is a chronic, progressive process that requires active clinical management as cognitive status changes. Computerized cognitive training (CCT) provides cognitive exercises targeting specific cognitive domains delivered by computer or tablet. Meanwhile, CCT can be used to regularly monitor the cognitive status of patients, but it is not clear whether CCT can reliably assess cognitive ability or be used to diagnose different stages of cognitive impairment. Objective: To investigate whether CCT can accurately monitor the cognitive status of patients with cognitive impairment as well as distinguish patients with dementia from patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Method: We included 116 patients (42 dementia and 74 MCI) in final analysis. Cognitive ability was assessed by averaging the patient performance on the CCT to determine the Cognitive Index. The validity of the Cognitive Index was evaluated by its correlation with neuropsychological tests, and internal consistency was measured to assess the reliability. Additionally, we determined the diagnostic ability of the Cognitive Index to detect dementia using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The Cognitive Index was highly correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment ( r = 0.812) and the Mini-Mental State Examination ( r = 0.694), indicating good convergent validity, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.936, indicating excellent internal consistency. The area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the Cognitive Index to diagnose dementia were 0.943, 83.3%, and 91.9%, respectively. Conclusions: CCT can be used to assess cognitive status and detect dementia in patients with cognitive impairment.
Impact of Eating a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet on Cortical Atrophy in a Cross-Section of Amyloid Positive Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Small Sample Study
Authors: Bramen Jennifer E. , Siddarth Prabha , Popa Emily S. , Kress Gavin T. , Rapozo Molly K. , Hodes John F. , Ganapathi Aarthi S. , Slyapich Colby B. , Glatt Ryan M. , Pierce Kyron , Porter Verna R. , Wong Claudia , Kim Mihae , Dye Richelin V. , Panos Stella , Bookheimer Tess , Togashi Tori , Loong Spencer , Raji Cyrus A. , Bookheimer Susan Y. , Roach Jared C. , Merrill David A. 
Published: September 2023

Background: A carbohydrate-restricted diet aimed at lowering insulin levels has the potential to slow Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Restricting carbohydrate consumption reduces insulin resistance, which could improve glucose uptake and neural health. A hallmark feature of AD is widespread cortical thinning; however, no study has demonstrated that lower net carbohydrate (nCHO) intake is linked to attenuated cortical atrophy in patients with AD and confirmed amyloidosis. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that individuals with AD and confirmed amyloid burden eating a carbohydrate-restricted diet have thicker cortex than those eating a moderate-to-high carbohydrate diet. Methods: A total of 31 patients (mean age 71.4±7.0 years) with AD and confirmed amyloid burden were divided into two groups based on a 130 g/day nCHO cutoff. Cortical thickness was estimated from T1-weighted MRI using FreeSurfer. Cortical surface analyses were corrected for multiple comparisons using cluster-wise probability. We assessed group differences using a two-tailed two-independent sample t-test. Linear regression analyses using nCHO as a continuous variable, accounting for confounders, were also conducted. Results: The lower nCHO group had significantly thicker cortex within somatomotor and visual networks. Linear regression analysis revealed that lower nCHO intake levels had a significant association with cortical thickness within the frontoparietal, cingulo-opercular, and visual networks. Conclusions: Restricting carbohydrates may be associated with reduced atrophy in patients with AD. Lowering nCHO to under 130 g/day would allow patients to follow the well-validated MIND diet while benefiting from lower insulin levels.
A Mixed-method Approach to Develop an Ambulatory Module of the SMA Independence Scale
Authors: Staunton Hannah , Cleanthous Sophie , Teodoro Vanda , Barrett Louise , Braid Jessica , Ewens Bethany , Cano Stefan , Baranello Giovanni , Kirschner Janbernd , Belter Lisa , Mayhew Anna 
Published: September 2023

Background: Limited qualitative data exist on the symptoms and impacts of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) experienced by ambulant individuals. An ambulant module of the SMA Independence Scale (SMAIS) was developed to quantify the assistance required to perform everyday mobility-related activities. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a patient-centered module that provides key insights into what constitutes independence for ambulant and near-ambulant individuals with SMA. Methods: A stepwise, mixed-method approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in three waves with individuals with SMA and caregivers of children with SMA who were ambulant or near-ambulant (can walk ≥5 steps with support). Wave 1 interviews ( n = 20) focused on concept elicitation. Wave 2 and 3 interviews ( n = 15, both) involved completion and cognitive debriefing of items generated based on Wave 1 interviews. Therapeutic area experts were consulted throughout all key steps of the study. In particular, feedback was provided for item refinement and response option decisions. A macro-level preliminary, exploratory analysis, using Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), provided insight on measurement properties. Results: Wave 1 resulted in 42 mobility and 11 instrumental activity of daily living (iADL) items. During Wave 2, participants defined independence as completing a task with supportive aids but without help from another person, leading to item refinement and modifications to the response scale. Lack of conceptual relevance and ceiling effects led to the removal of all iADL items after Wave 2, and 41 mobility items were tested in Wave 3. Final exploratory RMT and item refinement to reduce overlap led to a 27-item set related to mobility tasks. Conclusions: Our study provides preliminary support for using the 27-item SMAIS–Ambulatory Module for ambulant or near-ambulant individuals with SMA. Larger-scale analyses to further assess the psychometric properties of the scale are warranted.
Burden of Parkinsonism and Parkinson’s Disease on Health Service Use and Outcomes in Latin America
Authors: Kim Dani J. , Rodriguez-Salgado Ana M. , Llibre-Rodriguez Juan J. , Acosta Isaac , Sosa Ana Luisa , Acosta Daisy , Jimenez-Velasquez Ivonne Z. , Guerra Mariella , Salas Aquiles , Jeyachandran Christine , López-Contreras Ricardo , Hesse Heike , Tanner Caroline , Llibre-Guerra Jorge J. , Prina Matthew 
Published: September 2023

Background: Little is known about the burden of parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in Latin America. Better understanding of health service use and clinical outcomes in PD is needed to improve its prognosis. Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the burden of parkinsonism and PD in six Latin American countries. Methods: 12,865 participants aged 65 years and older from the 10/66 population-based cohort study were analysed. Baseline assessments were conducted in 2003–2007 and followed-up 4 years later. Parkinsonism and PD were defined using current clinical criteria or self-reported diagnosis. Logistic regression models assessed the association between parkinsonism/PD with baseline health service use (community-based care or hospitalisation in the last 3 months) and Cox proportional hazards regression models with incident dependency (subjective assessment by interviewer based on informant interview) and mortality. Separate analyses for each country were combined via fixed effect meta-analysis. Results: At baseline, the prevalence of parkinsonism and PD was 7.9% ( n = 934) and 2.6% ( n = 317), respectively. Only parkinsonism was associated with hospital admission at baseline (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.30–2.74). Among 7,296 participants without dependency at baseline, parkinsonism (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.81–3.03) and PD (2.10, 1.37–3.24) were associated with incident dependency. Among 10,315 participants with vital status, parkinsonism (1.73, 1.50–1.99) and PD (1.38, 1.07–1.78) were associated with mortality. The Higgins I2 tests showed low to moderate levels of heterogeneity across countries. Conclusions: Our findings show that older people with parkinsonism or PD living in Latin America have higher risks of developing dependency and mortality but may have limited access to health services.