bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What factors make consumers in the USA buy hemp products? Evidence from Nielsen consumer panel data
Authors: Kim GwanSeon , Mark Tyler 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aims to identify critical consumer-demographic characteristics associated with the consumption of products containing hemp and investigate their effect on total expenditure in the USA. To estimate the likelihood of market participation and consumption level, the Heckman selection model is employed utilizing Nielsen consumer panel data from 2008 to 2015. Using a Heckman selection model, this study finds that socio-demographic characteristics, especially income, age, and education, play an important role in explaining purchases of and demand for different categories of hemp products. Noteworthy is the finding that the role of the age of the household head is mixed with respect to consumption decisions and consumption level across the products. In most cases, higher education and income households are more likely to buy hemp products, and those are associated with significantly higher consumption levels. The hemp products used in this study are made of hemp seeds, and our findings show that the hemp seed market could be segmented based on the forms. Results provide a basic understanding of a consumer profile and overall hemp market that has had double-digit growth over the last six years. As the industry continues to move forward, policymakers will need a deeper understanding of the factors driving the industry to create regulations supporting the development of the hemp industry.
Impact of energy availability and physical activity on variation in fertility across human populations
Authors: Sadhir Srishti , Pontzer Herman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHuman reproduction is energetically costly, even more so than other primates. In this review, we consider how the energy cost of physical activity impacts reproductive tasks. Daily energy expenditure appears to be constrained, leading to trade-offs between activity and reproduction expenditures in physically active populations. High workloads can lead to suppression of basal metabolic rate and low gestational weight gain during pregnancy and longer interbirth intervals. These responses lead to variation in fertility, including age at first reproduction and interbirth interval. The influence of energetics is evident even in industrialized populations, where cultural and economic factors predominate. With the decoupling of skills acquisition from food procurement, extrasomatic resources and investment in individual offspring becomes very costly. The result is greater investment in fewer offspring. We present a summary of age at first reproduction and interbirth interval trends across a diverse, global sample representing 44 countries and two natural fertility populations. While economic factors impact fertility, women in energy-rich, industrialized populations are capable of greater reproductive output than women in energy-stressed populations. Thus, energetic factors can be disentangled from cultural and economic impacts on fertility. Future research should focus on objective measurements of energy intake, energy expenditure, and physical activity in a broader sample of populations to elucidate the role of energetics in shaping reproductive outcomes and health.
Managers’ sick leave recommendations for employees with common mental disorders: a cross-sectional video vignette study
Authors: Hultqvist Jenny , Hensing Gunnel , Stansfeld Stephen , Bertilsson Monica 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
To better understand the initial phases of sickness absence due to common mental disorders (CMD), the aim of the present video vignette study was to test the following three hypotheses: (1) Managers who have negative attitudes towards employees with CMD will not recommend sick leave. (2) Managers with experience of CMD recommend sick leave to a significantly higher extent than managers lacking this experience. (3) Managers with previous experience of recommending sick leave for people with CMD will recommend sick leave to a significantly higher extent also based on the vignettes.

Methods
An online survey, including a CMD-labelled video vignette, was sent to 4737 Swedish managers (71% participated, n  = 3358). For aims (1) and (2), a study sample consisting of 2714 managers was used. For aim (3), due to the design of the survey questions, a subsample (n  = 1740) was used.

Results
There was no significant association between negative attitudes towards employee depression and managers’ recommendation of employee sick leave with the vignette case. The bivariate analysis showed that personal experience of CMD was associated with managers’ recommendation of employee sick leave. In the adjusted regression model, it became non-significant. Previous experience of recommending sick leave to one employee and to several employees was associated with recommending sick leave, also when adjusting for gender, level of education, years of managerial experience, and management training on CMDs

Conclusions
The likelihood of a manager recommending sick leave after watching a CMD-labelled video vignette was higher if the manager had previous experience of this situation in real life. This study highlights the importance of including managerial behaviours and attitudes to better understand sick leave among employees with CMD.
Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage associated with early-onset cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological changes five decades after cadaveric dura mater graft
Authors: Milani Riccardo , Mazzeo Lucio Aniello , Vismara Daniela , Salemi Ilaria , Dainese Emanuele , Maderna Emanuela , Pellencin Elisa , Catania Marcella , Campanella Nicole , Di Fede Giuseppe , Giaccone Giorgio , Salmaggi Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a small vessel disease, causing spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the elderly. It is strongly associated with Alzheimer disease (AD), as most CAA patients show deposition of Aβ—i.e. the basic component of parenchymal Alzheimer amyloid deposits—in the cerebral vessels. Iatrogenic early-onset CAA has been recently identified in patients with a history of traumatic brain injury or other cerebral as well as extra-cerebral lesions that led to neurosurgery or other medical procedures as intravascular embolization by cadaveric dura mater extracts many years before the first ICH event. In those patients, a transmission of Aβ seeds from neurosurgical instruments or from cadaveric dura mater exposure was suggested. We report a 51-year-old woman with unremarkable family history who presented abruptly with aphasia and right hemiparesis. A cerebral left lobar haemorrhagic stroke was documented by neuroimaging. Accurate anamnesis revealed a neurosurgical procedure with cadaveric dura mater graft at the age of 2 years for an arachnoid cyst. The neuropathological examination of the cerebral parietal biopsy showed severe amyloid angiopathy in many leptomeningeal and cortical vessels, as well as abundant parenchymal Aβ deposits, neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. The mechanism involved in the human-to-human transmission of the Aβ proteinopathy remains to be clarified. In our patient the cadaver derived dura used for grafting is a very strong candidate as the source of the transmission. A systematic monitoring of individuals who have had neurosurgical procedures in early life, especially those involving cadaveric dural grafts, is required to determine the ratio of those affected by CAA many years later and unaffected. Moreover, our report confirms that in addition to vascular and parenchymal Aβ pathology, neurofibrillary changes indistinguishable from AD may develop in specific conditions with long latency period from the neurosurgical or embolization procedure.
Elevated free interleukin-18 associated with severity and mortality in prospective cohort study of 206 hospitalised COVID-19 patients
Authors: Nasser Syed M. T. , Rana Anas A. , Doffinger Rainer , Kafizas Andreas , Khan Tauseef A. , Nasser Shuaib 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Divergence between deterioration to life-threatening COVID-19 or clinical improvement occurs for most within the first 14 days of symptoms. Life-threatening COVID-19 shares clinical similarities with Macrophage Activation Syndrome, which can be driven by elevated Free Interleukin-18 (IL-18) due to failure of negative-feedback release of IL-18 binding protein (IL-18bp). We, therefore, designed a prospective, longitudinal cohort study to examine IL-18 negative-feedback control in relation to COVID-19 severity and mortality from symptom day 15 onwards.

Methods
662 blood samples, matched to time from symptom onset, from 206 COVID-19 patients were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IL-18 and IL-18bp, enabling calculation of free IL-18 (fIL-18) using the updated dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.05 nmol. Adjusted multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between highest fIL-18 and outcome measures of COVID-19 severity and mortality. Re-calculated fIL-18 values from a previously studied healthy cohort are also presented.

Results
Range of fIL-18 in COVID-19 cohort was 10.05–1157.7 pg/ml. Up to symptom day 14, mean fIL-18 levels increased in all patients. Levels in survivors declined thereafter, but remained elevated in non-survivors. Adjusted regression analysis from symptom day 15 onwards showed a 100 mmHg decrease in PaO2/FiO2 (primary outcome) for each 37.7 pg/ml increase in highest fIL-18 (p < 0.03). Per 50 pg/ml increase in highest fIL-18, adjusted logistic regression gave an odds-ratio (OR) for crude 60-day mortality of 1.41 (1.1–2.0) (p < 0.03), and an OR for death with hypoxaemic respiratory failure of 1.90 [1.3–3.1] (p < 0.01). Highest fIL-18 was associated also with organ failure in patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure, with an increase of 63.67 pg/ml for every additional organ supported (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Elevated free IL-18 levels from symptom day 15 onwards are associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. ISRCTN: #13450549; registration date: 30/12/2020.
Harnessing the potential of machine learning and artificial intelligence for dementia research
Authors: Ranson Janice M. , Bucholc Magda , Lyall Donald , Newby Danielle , Winchester Laura , Oxtoby Neil P. , Veldsman Michele , Rittman Timothy , Marzi Sarah , Skene Nathan , Al Khleifat Ahmad , Foote Isabelle F. , Orgeta Vasiliki , Kormilitzin Andrey , Lourida Ilianna , Llewellyn David J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProgress in dementia research has been limited, with substantial gaps in our knowledge of targets for prevention, mechanisms for disease progression, and disease-modifying treatments. The growing availability of multimodal data sets opens possibilities for the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to help answer key questions in the field. We provide an overview of the state of the science, highlighting current challenges and opportunities for utilisation of AI approaches to move the field forward in the areas of genetics, experimental medicine, drug discovery and trials optimisation, imaging, and prevention. Machine learning methods can enhance results of genetic studies, help determine biological effects and facilitate the identification of drug targets based on genetic and transcriptomic information. The use of unsupervised learning for understanding disease mechanisms for drug discovery is promising, while analysis of multimodal data sets to characterise and quantify disease severity and subtype are also beginning to contribute to optimisation of clinical trial recruitment. Data-driven experimental medicine is needed to analyse data across modalities and develop novel algorithms to translate insights from animal models to human disease biology. AI methods in neuroimaging outperform traditional approaches for diagnostic classification, and although challenges around validation and translation remain, there is optimism for their meaningful integration to clinical practice in the near future. AI-based models can also clarify our understanding of the causality and commonality of dementia risk factors, informing and improving risk prediction models along with the development of preventative interventions. The complexity and heterogeneity of dementia requires an alternative approach beyond traditional design and analytical approaches. Although not yet widely used in dementia research, machine learning and AI have the potential to unlock current challenges and advance precision dementia medicine.
Bioengineered materials with selective antimicrobial toxicity in biomedicine
Authors: Makvandi Pooyan , Song Hao , Yiu Cynthia K. Y. , Sartorius Rossella , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Rabiee Navid , Wu Wei-Xi , Paiva-Santos Ana Cláudia , Wang Xiang-Dong , Yu Cheng-Zhong , Tay Franklin R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFungi and bacteria afflict humans with innumerous pathogen-related infections and ailments. Most of the commonly employed microbicidal agents target commensal and pathogenic microorganisms without discrimination. To distinguish and fight the pathogenic species out of the microflora, novel antimicrobials have been developed that selectively target specific bacteria and fungi. The cell wall features and antimicrobial mechanisms that these microorganisms involved in are highlighted in the present review. This is followed by reviewing the design of antimicrobials that selectively combat a specific community of microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as fungi. Finally, recent advances in the antimicrobial immunomodulation strategy that enables treating microorganism infections with high specificity are reviewed. These basic tenets will enable the avid reader to design novel approaches and compounds for antibacterial and antifungal applications.
Blinatumomab therapy for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia accompanied by persistent or relapsed low-level MRD prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Chinese children: a case series
Authors: Zhou Guichi , Wang Lulu , Tang Xue , Liu Shilin , Li Tonghui , Liu Yi , Chen Fen , Mai Huirong , Liu Sixi , Wen Feiqiu , Wang Ying 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Blinatumomab could be successfully used to reduce minimal residual disease (MRD) prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), but sound evidence is lacking in China.

Case presentation
This retrospective study assessed the application of blinatumomab in B-ALL accompanied by persistent or relapsed low-level MRD before HSCT from April 2019 to July 2021. Two cases (Cases 1 and 2) initially achieved remission with MRD < 0.01% upon conventional therapy but had MRD relapse with MRD ≥ 0.01% but < 1% during maintenance treatment. Case 3 had no response to routine treatment, with high MRD (9.88% and 1.23% at days 19 and 46, respectively). Nevertheless, all patients had undetectable MRD. Cases 2 and 3 had undetectable fusion gene following blinatumomab therapy. By bone marrow monitoring (bone marrow morphology, bone marrow MRD and fusion gene) post-HSCT, the patients were persistently negative until May 15, 2022. No patient had serious adverse events before or during blinatumomab treatment.

Conclusions
Blinatumomab therapy showed a good performance for three pediatric cases with detectable but low MRD before HSCT in China. However, further prospective studies with large sample sizes are still needed for further clarification.
Impact of Antibiotic Exposure Before Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment on Overall Survival in Older Adults With Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Eng Lawson , Sutradhar Rinku , Niu Yue , Liu Ning , Liu Ying , Kaliwal Yosuf , Powis Melanie L. , Liu Geoffrey , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Bedard Philippe L. , Krzyzanowska Monika K. 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE Antibiotic exposure before immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment can negatively affect outcomes through alteration in the gut microbiome, but large-scale evaluations are lacking. We performed a population-level retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of antibiotic exposure before starting ICI on overall survival (OS). PATIENT AND METHODS Patients with cancer, age 65 years or older, who initiated treatment with ICIs between June 2012 and October 2018 in Ontario, Canada, were identified using systemic therapy administration data. The cohort was deterministically linked to other health care databases to obtain covariates and antibiotic prescription claim data at both 1 year and 60 days before ICI therapy. Multivariable Cox models evaluated the association between exposure and OS. RESULTS Among the 2,737 patients with cancer who received ICIs, 59% and 19% of patients received antibiotics 1 year and 60 days before ICI therapy, respectively. Median OS was 306 days. Any antibiotic exposure within 1 year before ICI was associated with worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.23; P = .03). In antibiotic class analysis, exposure to fluoroquinolones within 1 year (aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.40; P < .001) or 60 days before ICI (aHR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.45; P = .06) was associated with worse OS, with a dose effect seen on the basis of total weeks of exposure over 1 year (aHR, 1.07 per week; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.11; P < .001) and 60 days (aHR, 1.12 per week; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.23; P = .01). CONCLUSION In this population-level study, exposure to antibiotics and specifically fluoroquinolones before ICI therapy was observed to be associated with worse OS among older adults with cancer. Interventions aimed at altering the gut microbiome to boost immunogenicity may help improve outcomes for patients receiving ICIs with prior antibiotic exposure. [Media: see text]
Cost of Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States: Results of the 2021 Report by Deloitte Access Economics, Commissioned by Teen Cancer America
Authors: Parsons Susan K. , Keegan Theresa H.M. , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Parsons Helen M. , Yabroff K. Robin , Davies Simon J. 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE The purpose of this report, commissioned by Teen Cancer America and performed by Deloitte Access Economics in 2021, was to estimate the total costs incurred by adolescent and young adults (AYAs) after cancer diagnosis in the United States (US) over their life course. METHODS The incidence of cancer in 2019 among AYAs age 15-39 years was estimated from the US Cancer Statistics Public Use Database, and relative survival was projected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cost domains included health system, productivity, and well-being costs. Components were estimated with published literature and pooled data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from 2008 to 2012 and inflated to 2019 dollars. RESULTS The economic and human costs of cancer in AYAs are substantial—$23.5 billion overall, corresponding to $259,324 per person over the lifetime. The majority of costs are borne by AYA cancer survivors themselves in the form of lost productivity, loss of well-being, and loss of life. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the need to address the burden of cancer in AYAs through targeted programs for AYAs, such as financial navigation and health insurance literacy interventions, as well as local and national policy initiatives to address access to and enhanced coverage for clinical trials participation, fertility services, and survivorship care.
Inverse Holstein-Primakoff transformation of bosonic operators —Application to a bilayer model
Authors: Pontes Carneiro Carla Maria , Queiroz Pellegrino Giancarlo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An inversion of the Holstein-Primakoff transformation is proposed such that creation and annihilation operators for a bosonic field are rewritten as operators of an SU(2) algebra. In association with more common quadratic combinations for fermionic operators, that inverse transformation sets a quantum Hamiltonian fully in terms of SU(2) operators. A subsequent application of the prescription by Lieb, to obtain the classical limit for spin operators, then allows one to write effciently a classical Hamiltonian for the system. This process is illustrated for a bilayer model undergoing an (electron-hole)-to-exciton quantum phase transition.
Lack of Useful Predictors of Dignity-Related Distress Among the Critically Ill as Assessed With the Patient Dignity Inventory
Authors: Hadler Rachel A. , Dexter Franklin , Mergler Blake D. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Many intensive care unit patients are awake (ie, alert and engaging in conversation), actively experiencing many facets of their critical care. The Patient Dignity Inventory can be used to elicit sources of distress in these patients. We examined the administrative question as to which awake intensive care unit patients should be evaluated and potentially treated (eg, through palliative care consultation) for distress. Should the decision to screen for distress be based on patient demographics or treatment conditions?

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study of 155 adult patients from 5 intensive care units of one hospital from 2019 to 2020. Each patient had ≥48 hours without delirium, dementia, or sedation. The Patient Dignity Inventory has 25 items to which patients responded on a 1 (not a problem) to 5 (an overwhelming problem) scale. Multiple complete, stepwise forward, and stepwise backward logistic regression models were created among patient and treatment variables for predicting thresholds of the mean among the 25 items.

RESULTS:
There were 50% (78/155; 95% confidence interval [CI], 42–58) of patients with significant dignity-related distress (mean score ≥1.60). There were 34% (52/155; CI, 26–42) of patients with severe dignity-related distress (mean score ≥1.92; previously associated with often feeling like wanting to die). Models including combinations of vasopressor medication (protective of distress), tracheostomy (greater risk of distress), and female gender (greater risk of distress) had some predictive value. However, all combinations of potential predictors had misclassification rates significantly >20%.

CONCLUSIONS:
Identification of subsets of patients with little potential benefit to screening for dignity-related distress would have a reduced workload of palliative care team members (eg, nurses or social workers). Our results show that this is impractical. Given that approximately one-third of critical care patients who are alert and without delirium demonstrate severe dignity-related distress, all such patients with prolonged intensive care unit length of stay should probably be evaluated for distress.