bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid droplets’ functional protein caveolin-2 is associated with lipid metabolism-related molecule FABP5 and EMT marker E-cadherin in oral epithelial dysplasia
Authors: Chen Xiao-Jie , Bai Yu-Ting , Xie Ji-Rong , Zhou Gang 
Published: February 2023

AimsTo explore the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) and its relationship with lipid metabolism, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the carcinogenesis processes in the oral cavity.MethodsLDs were stained by oil red O. Forty-eight oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), 78 oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and 25 normal tissue sections were included to explore the LDs surface protein caveolin-2 and perilipin-3, lipid metabolism-related molecule FABP5 and EMT biomarker E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsThe accumulation of LDs was observed in OPMDs and OSCCs compared with normal tissues (p<0.05). In general, an increasing trend of caveolin-2, perilipin-3 and FABP5 expression was detected from the normal to OPMDs to OSCC groups (p<0.05). Additionally, caveolin-2, perilipin-3 and FABP5 expression were positively correlated with epithelial dysplasia in OPMDs, whereas E-cadherin positivity was negatively correlated with histopathological grade in both OPMDs and OSCC, respectively. A negative correlation of caveolin-2 (p<0.01, r =−0.1739), and FABP5 (p<0.01, r =−0.1880) with E-cadherin expression was detected. The caveolin-2 (p<0.0001, r=0.2641) and perilipin-3 (p<0.05, r=0.1408) staining was positively correlated with FABP5. Increased caveolin-2 expression was related to local recurrence and worse disease-free survival (p<0.05).ConclusionIn the oral epithelial carcinogenesis process, LDs begin to accumulate early in the precancerous stage. LDs may be the regulator of FABP5-associated lipid metabolism and may closely related to the process of EMT; caveolin-2 could be the main functional protein.
Social and therapeutic horticulture as a palliative care intervention
Authors: Pilgrem Elisabeth 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesSocial and therapeutic horticulture (STH) is little known in palliative care. This evaluation sets out to explore the effectiveness of STH in relieving distress, managing symptoms and supporting people with advanced and terminal illness to live well throughout each stage of the disease trajectory.MethodsSTH was provided for 218 patients in an indoor hospice setting during a 2-year period (April 2018 to March 2020). Nature-based interventions, such as potting up plants, floristry and creating miniature gardens, were adapted for all participants to create a nature connection experience while indoors. The Distress Thermometer (DT) was used to measure perceived distress before and after each session, and patients’ reports of their subjective experience were recorded verbatim.ResultsResults showed a statistically significant reduction in DT scores of between 54% and 60%. Patients also self-reported an improvement in quality of life and well-being and in management of symptoms including a reduction in pain.ConclusionsThis evaluation shows that STH is effective in relieving distress in palliative care and may be considered a valued therapeutic intervention. The findings can inform planning within hospices and palliative care settings to enhance the care of patients and their family members.
Decreasing the aggregation and ligand redox potential of metallophthalocyanines through branched ether functionalization
Authors: McKearney Declan , Zhou Wen , Scollon Myles , Furuyama Taniyuki , Williams Vance E. , Leznoff Daniel B. 
Published: February 2023

The addition of ether functional groups to a metallophthalocyanine ring is known to significantly decrease the oxidation potentials of the ring. In this light, the impact of the branching of alkyl-ether groups on the electronic properties was investigated via the synthesis of non-peripheral ([Formula: see text]-substituted n-butyl (1), iso-butyl (2) and sec-butyl (3) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxyphthalocyanines, in conjunction with Co and Cu metal centers. From 1 to 3 the first and second ring-based oxidation potentials were decreased by 70 mV and 110 mV respectively both for Cu and Co-containing complexes; the UV-visible Q-band maxima only changed by 4-8 nm, consistent with the destabilization of both the HOMO and LUMO, as confirmed by TD-DFT calculations. The reversibility of both redox couples was improved via branching (3) for the Co complexes. All six complexes were structurally characterized, with varying levels and types of ring distortions. All molecules show 1-D supramolecular stacking, but for n-butoxy 1Co an intermolecular Co-O interaction aligns the molecular stacks, while for sec-butoxy 3Co only [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] stacking of the Pc-ring was present. Both 3Co and 3Cu were ring-oxidized at lower potentials than 1Co and 1Cu, and the increased steric bulk from the branched ether chains prevented the overlap of their N8C8 inner rings.
Integrated borehole image and rotary sidewall core data to support infrastructure-led appraisal: Capercaillie Field, Central North Sea
Authors: Neal Adrian , James Andrea , Payne Dorothy , Ashton Michael , van den Beukel Niek , Storer David 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Quad 29 in the Central North Sea is a focus for bp, with a strategy to identify remaining hydrocarbon accumulations to tieback to existing infrastructure. Capercaillie was appraised in 2017 with well 29/04e-5 and sidetrack 29/04e-5z. A gas cap and thin oil rim were intersected within the siliciclastic Paleocene–Eocene Sele Formation. The reservoir sandstones were deposited in a deep marine setting by sediment-gravity flow processes. Within the context of a relatively detailed knowledge of the surrounding area, the reservoir data-operational risk-cost balance was addressed through acquisition of a full wireline logging suite, pressure data, latest-generation microresistivity images and targeted large-volume rotary sidewall cores (RSWCs), with the latter two favoured over whole core.
Mature deepwater descriptive schemes were applied at the sidewall core (lithotype), bed (borehole image facies) and bed-stack (depositional package) scales. This hierarchical approach provided robust sedimentological data to underpin higher-order depositional models, which together were used as a framework to (1) constrain the reservoirs’ mineralogical and textural attributes, (2) establish the main controls on rock quality and (3) explain the resulting variations in porosity and permeability.
This study demonstrates that the careful integration of data derived from the latest borehole imaging tools and large-volume RSWCs can be a successful means of characterizing reservoirs from a sedimentological, reservoir quality and reservoir architecture perspective in mature basins. Similar approaches to geological reservoir characterization in such settings are likely to be a common cornerstone of cost-effective development during the energy transition.
Historical Climate Trends over High Mountain Asia Derived from ERA5 Reanalysis Data
Authors: Khanal S. , Tiwari S. , Lutz A. F. , Hurk B. V. D. , Immerzeel W. W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The climate of High Mountain Asia (HMA) has changed in recent decades. While the temperature is consistently increasing at a higher rate than the global warming rate, precipitation changes are inconsistent, with substantial temporal and spatial variation. Climate warming will have enormous consequences for hydroclimatic extremes. For the higher altitudes of the HMA, which are a significant source of water for the large rivers in Asia, often trends are calculated using a limited number of in situ observations mainly observed in valleys. This study explores the changes in mean, extreme, and compound-extreme climate variables and their seasonality along the full altitudinal range in HMA using daily ERA5 reanalysis data (1979–2018). Our results show that winter warming and summer wetting dominate the interior part of HMA. The results indicate a coherent significant increasing trend in the occurrence of heatwaves across all regions in HMA. The number of days with heavy precipitation shows more significant trends in southern and eastern basins than in other areas of HMA. The dry period occurrence shows a distinct demarcation between lower- and higher-altitude regions and is increasing for most basins. Although precipitation and temperature show variable tendencies, their compound occurrence is coherent in the monsoon-dominated basins. These changes in indicators of climatic extremes may imply substantial increases in the future occurrence of hazards such as floods, landslides, and droughts, which in turn impact economic production and infrastructure.
Subseasonal Ensemble Prediction of Flash Droughts over China
Authors: Ma Ruxuan , Yuan Xing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Flash droughts have been occurring frequently worldwide, which has a serious impact on food and water security. The rapid onset of flash droughts presents a challenge to the subseasonal forecast, but there is limited knowledge about their forecast skills due to the lack of appropriate identification and assessment procedures. Here, we investigate the forecast skill of flash droughts over China with lead times up to 3 weeks by using hindcast datasets from the Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Prediction (S2S) project. The flash droughts are identified by using weekly soil moisture percentiles from two S2S forecast models (ECMWF and NCEP). The comparison with reanalysis shows that ECMWF and NCEP forecast models underestimate flash drought occurrence by 5% and 19% for lead 1 week. The national mean hit rates for flash droughts are 0.22 and 0.16 for ECMWF and NCEP models for lead 1 week, and they can reach 0.29 and 0.18 over South China. The ensemble of the two models increases equitable threat score (ETS) from ECMWF and NCEP models by 8% and 40% for lead 1 week. In terms of probabilistic forecast, ECMWF has a higher Brier skill score than NCEP, especially over eastern China, which is consistent with higher temperature and precipitation forecast skill. The multimodel ensemble has the highest Brier skill score. This study suggests the importance of multimodel ensemble flash drought forecasting.

Significance Statement
Flash droughts have raised considerable concern, but whether they can be predicted at subseasonal time scales remains unclear. This study evaluates forecast skill of flash droughts over China based on ECMWF and NCEP hindcast data. Focusing on the historical flash drought events identified by the onset speed and duration, it is found that the ECMWF model outperformed the NCEP model with higher hit rates, lower false alarm ratios, and higher equitable threat scores, especially during the first week. However, less than 30% of the drought events can be captured in most regions by both models. An ensemble of the two models showed skill improvement against the ECMWF model for both deterministic and probabilistic forecasts.
Optimal intermittent electrification and its effect on battery sizing and energy saving using a high-fidelity train model
Authors: Abduraxman Bilal M , Harrison Tim , Ward Christopher P , Midgley William JB 
Published: February 2023

The fastest way to decarbonise traction energy of a railway network is full electrification of the network. However, full electrification can be costly and is often delayed due to complicated planning procedures. Often, it is not financially viable to electrify certain sections of the network due to geographical challenges such as hillsides and requirements to raise or lower the tracks. Intermittent electrification can provide a way to reduce emissions on a route without fully electrifying it. This paper presents an optimal intermittent electrification strategy and compares its effects on required battery size to a ‘common-sense’ approach. The “common-sense” approach is a heuristic electrification method where high-power sections of the route are electrified first. Energy savings are demonstrated using a validated high-fidelity bi-mode train model on the Newbury-Plymouth route of Great Western Railway in the UK. Unlike prior research, the optimal electrification strategy considers energy consumptions for both directions of a journey on the route and is therefore optimal regardless of travel direction. The 278-km Newbury-Plymouth route was divided into 50 equal discrete sections for the optimization process, which then identified sections that should be prioritised for electrification as they consume the maximum energy. A high charge/discharge lithium titanite-oxide battery was modelled and installed on the virtual vehicle to determine the required battery sizing for given optimal percentages of intermittent electrification. The battery sizing strategy includes battery wear effects from charge/discharge cycle life and shows the battery life to be 1.42 years if kept at 55°C and 6 years if kept at 25°C. At 36% electrification, using the ‘common-sense’ approach, the battery weighs 10,500 kg and the battery-OLE train reduces the CO2 emissions and energy usage on the route by 83% when compared to the diesel-only train.
Predictors for Distal Revascularization Following Femoral Endarterectomy in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia Patients
Authors: Alnahhal Khaled I. , Dehaini Hassan , Sorour Ahmed A , Vyas Priyam , Chumakova Maryana , Bena James , Kirksey Lee 
Published: February 2023

Objective This study aims to identify the clinical variables which are predictive for the benefit of concomitant distal revascularization (DR) to prevent Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) progression and the need for major limb amputation. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who presented with lower limb ischemia and required at least femoral endarterectomy (FEA), recruited over a period of 15 years (2002-2016). The patient cohort was divided into three groups based on the type of intervention: A (FEA alone), B (FEA + catheter-based intervention/(CBI)), and C (FEA + surgical bypass (SB)). The primary endpoint was to identify independent predictors for the use of concomitant DR (CBI or SB). Secondary endpoints were amputation rate, length of stay, mortality rate, postoperative ankle-brachial index and complications, readmission rate, re-intervention rate, resolution of symptoms and wound status. Results A total of 400 patients were included, 68.0% were males. Most presenting limbs were at Rutherford class (RC) III and WIfI stage 2, with an ankle-brachial index (ABI) of .47 ± .21 and a TASC II class C lesion. No significant differences were found in the primary-assisted and secondary patency rates between the three groups ( P > .05, in all). In the multivariate analyses, clinical variables associated with DR were hyperlipidemia (hazard ratio (HR) 2.1-2.2), TASC II D (HR 2.62), Rutherford class 4 (HR 2.3) and 5 (HR 3.7), as well as WIfI stage ≥3 (HR 1.48). Conclusions Femoral endarterectomy is sufficient to treat intermittent claudication. However, patients in whom rest pain, tissue loss or TASC II D anatomic lesion severity are present may benefit from concomitant distal revascularization. Taking into consideration the overall assessment of operative risk factors for each individual patient, proceduralists should have a lower threshold for performing early or concomitant distal revascularization to reduce CLTI progression including additional tissue loss and/or major limb amputation.
Professor Lorenz Heister (1683-1758), His Discovery of Appendicitis and Other Innovations in Surgery
Authors: Dagres George , Rachi Maria , Georgakopoulos Panagiotis , Mavrommatis Evaggelos 
Published: February 2023

Backround Professor Lorenz Heister (1683-1758) is considered as one of the most significant surgeons of the Deutschland area, named as the father of Surgical Anatomy in Germany. Purporse He was a reputable Professor who taught a great number of Deutsch and foreign medical students. He was a prolific writer whose treatises received many editions being translated in the most important languages of his era. His texts books became reference works for the European Universities and Japanese physicians and surgeons. Analysis/Results He had discovered and scientifically described the appendicitis, while he was coined with the term tracheotomy. Conclusions He had made several surgical innovations and demonstrated novel techniques and anatomical entities of the human body in his atlases.
Voices of Children on Movement Behaviours in the Early Years: Reflections from Six Diverse Country Settings
Authors: Kariippanon Katharina E. , Hongyan Guan , Aguilar-Farias Nicolas , El Hamdouchi Asmaa , Lubree Himangi , Draper Catherine E. 
Published: February 2023

Little is currently known about young children’s perceptions and experiences of 24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep), yet their voices play an important role in contributing to our understanding and ensuring that appropriate action is taken to promote healthy behaviours. With the release of the World Health Organisation’s Guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviours and sleep for children under 5 years of age, interest is gathering to examine how young children globally perceive and experience these movement behaviours in their daily lives. Conducting qualitative research with young children, however, presents a host of challenges including identifying suitable methods (interview type), developing appropriate questions (terminology, translation), building rapport (presence of caregivers/educators, incentives), and managing power dynamics, while adjusting to the restrictions imposed by COVID-19. Additional layers of complexity come into play when conducting an international study across culturally, linguistically, and socioeconomically diverse populations. This article describes the reflections of our research group as we considered the effect of diverse contextual influences in Australia, Chile, China, India, Morocco and South Africa, on how movement behaviours are conceptualised by young children. The complexities of working across these diverse contexts is discussed and the implications this has for methodological decisions and data interpretation are reflected upon. While the WHO Guidelines (2019) are universal, globally young children experience considerable differences in how their days are structured, along a continuum of highly supervised to independent play, with varying degrees of agency to make choices regarding their experience of movement behaviours. This suggests the need for a nuanced approach in how we further research and address movement behaviours across different country contexts, taking into consideration social and cultural norms.
Assessment of the ballistic impact response of Cor-Tuf UHPC concrete using the HJC constitutive model
Authors: Perkins Richard A , Duncan Chris , Johnson Daniel , Stone Tonya , Sherburn Jesse , Chandler Mei , Moser Robert , Paliwal Bhasker , Prabhu Raj K , Hammi Youssef 
Published: February 2023

Concrete offers superior strength in compressive loadings and is implemented for many applications. The high compressive strengths enable concrete to resist high strain rate loading scenarios such as ballistic impacts. A variety of concrete denoted as Cor-Tuf, which is classified as ultra-high-performance concrete with a compressive strength of 210 MPa, is evaluated in this study. The response of this concrete is assessed through a finite element analysis under the high strain rate loadings of ballistic impacts. To capture the response of the concrete, a plasticity and damage constitutive model denoted as the HJC model is implemented. The parameters of this model are calibrated to the Cor-Tuf concrete using confined compression experiments, unconfined compression experiments, and shock experiments. The concrete target is impacted at speeds between 610 m/s through 1112 m/s, and the results are compared to existing experimental data. Our results show that the HJC model can predict the response of this impact to the Cor-Tuf concrete targets as an average error of 5.85% is found. The results of this study present parameters which can be implemented with the HJC concrete model for future studies to model the response of the Cor-Tuf UHPC.
Holy Grail of ACL Reconstruction Grafts
Authors: Lubis Andri Maruli Tua 
Published: February 2023

Selection of the appropriate graft for ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) reconstruction is very important. The right choice of graft will determine the success of the surgery. For professional athletes, the primary choice remains the bone patellar tendon graft. However, sometimes there are complaints of anterior knee pain. The patellar tendon bone remains the strongest graft source for ACL reconstruction. Currently, the most popular graft used is the hamstring tendon, which consists of the semitendinosus and gracillis. The small incision makes this tendon very popular in reconstructive surgery. However, it is not uncommon for the acquired hamstring tendon size to be unpredictable and sometimes too small. The quadriceps tendon is also a good tendon of choice in the ACL reconstruction surgery. Several studies have shown the results of reconstruction with a balanced force with the patellar tendon bone. The portion of bone obtained from the superior pole of the patella, allows bone-to-bone healing. Currently, several surgeons use the peroneus longus tendon as an alternative graft option in ACL reconstructive surgery. The small incision and the relatively easy process of taking the graft, make more and more surgeons interested in using it. However, the use of the peroneus tendon should be reserved in cases of multiple ligament injury or revision cases. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects on the involved ankle. In many countries, allografts can also be used for ACL reconstruction surgery. Its preparation requires strict conditions, so that the graft condition remains good when used.