bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Hot Deformation of Graphene-reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite
Authors: Zang Zhu , Du Xiaoming , Li Fu , Cao Lei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Graphene/Al composite materials have excellent comprehensive properties and can be used under extreme environmental conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, high vacuum, strong corrosion, and irradiation. The thermal deformation behavior of 0.5 wt.% graphene/Al6061 composites at T=300 °C, T=350 °C, T=400 °C, T=450 °C, and

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was studied by isothermal compression tests and numerical simulation methods. The experimental data show that the flow stress of graphene/Al6061 composites gradually rises as the temperature reduces. When the strain rate reduces, the flow stress of graphene/Al6061 composites gradually decreases. A constitutive equation based on the Arrhenius equation is established, and the maximum error between the calculated stress value got from the constitutive equation and the measured stress value is less than 15%. The equivalent stress and strain distributions of graphene/Al6061 composites at distinct deformation temperatures and strain rates were simulated by using the finite element method. It is found that the spread of equivalent strain is related to the transmutation zone. The equivalent stress is uneven. The simulated equivalent stress is close to the experimental value.
Effect of Intensification Pressure on Eutectic Si Segregation of Al-12Si-1Cu Alloy in Squeeze Casting
Authors: Zhang Rumeng , Li Longfei , Chen Yunbo , Feng Jian , Li Chunming , Zhao Xuesheng , Chen Lin , Zuo Lingli , Zhang Yang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Squeeze casting is an advanced technology to produce aluminum alloy components with excellent mechanical property. Due to good fluidity and castability, the Al-Si alloy is the most common aluminum material in squeeze casting. However, the segregation in solid α-Al phase and liquid eutectic Si phase happens during solidification, which leads to microstructural inhomogeneous in the final microstructure. In this study, the eutectic Si segregation of Al-12Si-1Cu alloy under different intensification pressure in squeeze casting was investigated by Optical Microscopy (OM). The results show that increasing intensification pressure promotes the eutectic Si segregation at center zone, while the eutectic Si phase at skin zone is not much influenced. Increasing the intensification pressure from 65 MPa to 140 MPa, the segregation degree of eutectic Si at center zone increases from 0.05 to 0.29, while the segregation degree at skin zone levels at 0.2. Under high intensification pressure, the feeding effect of liquid phase at center zone is prominent, which results to high tendency of eutectic Si segregation in the final microstructure.
Erratum: Readout Electronics for Spatial Distribution Measurement of Neutron Beam Flux in BNCT
Authors: Jiang W. , Cao P. , Liu X. , Fang Z. , Zhang Z. , An Q. , Shi B. , Chen J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising cancer
treatment that selectively destroys tumor cells using a neutron
beam. However, accurately and fast measuring the spatial
distribution of neutron flux is critical to ensuring effective
treatment. To address this challenge, Micromegas detectors are
applied for the first time to measure the spatial distribution of
neutron beam flux in BNCT. Due to the high flux, large area, and
multiple components of the BNCT beam, the design of readout
electronics that can handle high counting rate, large channel
numbers, high integration, and discrimination of multiple beam
components is challenging. This paper proposes a targeted readout
electronics system to overcome this challenge. A modular readout
structure based on the PCI Express (PXIe) platform is designed for
384-channel readout. A fully parallel readout structure is developed
and fast shaper parameters are optimized to achieve high counting
rate for each readout channel. A multi-channel high-speed,
large-capacity caching technique is developed to address the
high-speed data storage problem. Digital shapers are implemented in
field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to achieve high
integration. Tests demonstrate that each readout channel can support
a counting rate of 800 kHz and achieve an excellent position
resolution of 1.4 mm. Furthermore, final tests on the BNCT beam
confirm that our system can successfully measure the flux spatial
distribution of different neutron components.
The Small-Scale Tuna Fisheries at Yaholu Village, Central Maluku Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Tetelepta J M S. , Natan Y , Pattikawa J A , Uneputty Pr A , Telussa R F , Tawaulu B 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The small-scale tuna fisheries in Yaholu Village operated on a Fair Trade USA basis and non-Fair Trade basis. The study of sustainable management of small-scale tuna fisheries was conducted from May to July 2021. This study aimed to assess the sustainability status of tuna fisheries operated based on fair trade and non-fair and recommend a strategy for sustainable management strategy. Rapid appraisal for sustainable status and Drives, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) method was used to assess the tuna fishery’s sustainable status and management strategy. Overall, the sustainability for Fair trade was 73.51%, while for non-Fair Trade was 54.02%, the lowest dimension was institutional from non-Fair with a value of 32.82% from a 1 00% sustainable scale. The most sensitive attribute towards sustainability was the migratory range with a Root Mean Square of 6.46. According to DPSIR analysis, there were 5 strategies proposed for small-scale tuna fisheries sustainability at Yaholu Village.
Macrobenthos in the seagrass meadow of Taka Bonerate National Park South Sulawesi
Authors: Cappenberg H A W , Supriyadi H I , Hafitz H , Salatalohi A , Nurjamin  , Sidabutar T , Wouthuyzen S 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTaka Bonerate waters are the third largest atolls in the world, rich in marine biodiversity, natural structures and aesthetics. Seagrass beds in these waters grow well on small islands, one of the coastal ecosystems that support biodiversity and have many benefits for humans in economic, social and cultural aspects. This study aimed to examine the diversity, distribution, and abundance of macrobenthos in several small islands in the Taka Bonerate National Park, South Sulawesi. The study was conducted using the quadratic transect method. A total of 24 species of macrobenthos, representing 11 species and six genera of the gastropod; 8 species and seven genera of bivalves; and 2 species and four genera of the echinoderm group were recorded. Families Conidae and Strombidae of the gastropod groups have relatively more diverse species than other families. Two species with relatively high density were represented byProtoreaster nodosusandTripneustessp. from the echinoderm group (class Asteroidea) with 1.15 individuals/m2and 0.91 individuals/m2and with a frequency of attendance of 62.50% and 75.00%, respectively. Other species of macrobenthos density, diversity, uniformity, and richness index vary between stations which relatively diverse distribution of macrobenthic fauna with a stable community. There were two clusters formed, one with more than 50% similarity and the other with low similarity. It was concluded that the relationship between macrobenthos species composition and seagrass habitat at each observation station was quite strong, where the diversity of macrobenthic species tend to increase in seagrass habitats.
Controlled assembly of perovskite nanoparticles by photoswitchable functional ligands
Authors: Binyamin Tal , Cohen Orit , Cohen Idan , Etgar Lioz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Organic ligands play a crucial role in the properties and functionality of nanostructures. Functional ligands are an interesting research direction that can be utilized to influence the properties and functionality of nanoparticles (NPs). In this work, we demonstrate controlled assembly of CsPbBr3 perovskite NPs as a result of light. Azobenzene derivative molecules were used as the photoswitchable ligands for the NPs. The assembly and disassembly of the NPs were achieved by cis–trans isomerization. By utilizing polarization-modulated, infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy and diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance, we were able to track the attachment of the ligands to the surface of the NPs. Absorbance, photoluminescence and high-resolution, transmission electron microscopy followed the assembly and disassembly of the NPs. This work demonstrates functional ligands paired to perovskite nanostructures through controlling their assembly and disassembly, which opens the way for sensing and photodetection applications.
Manifold learning in atomistic simulations: a conceptual review
Authors: Rydzewski Jakub , Chen Ming , Valsson Omar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Analyzing large volumes of high-dimensional data requires dimensionality reduction: finding meaningful low-dimensional structures hidden in their high-dimensional observations. Such practice is needed in atomistic simulations of complex systems where even thousands of degrees of freedom are sampled. An abundance of such data makes gaining insight into a specific physical problem strenuous. Our primary aim in this review is to focus on unsupervised machine learning methods that can be used on simulation data to find a low-dimensional manifold providing a collective and informative characterization of the studied process. Such manifolds can be used for sampling long-timescale processes and free-energy estimation. We describe methods that can work on datasets from standard and enhanced sampling atomistic simulations. Unlike recent reviews on manifold learning for atomistic simulations, we consider only methods that construct low-dimensional manifolds based on Markov transition probabilities between high-dimensional samples. We discuss these techniques from a conceptual point of view, including their underlying theoretical frameworks and possible limitations.
V—Who is Responsible for the Climate Change Problem?
Authors: Blomfield Megan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
According to the Polluter Pays Principle, excessive emitters of greenhouse gases have special obligations to remedy the problem of climate change, because they are the ones who have caused it. But what kind of problem is climate change? In this paper I argue that as a moral problem, climate change has a more complex causal structure than many proponents of the Polluter Pays Principle seem to recognize: it is a problem resulting from the interaction of anthropogenic climate effects with the underlying vulnerability and exposure of human communities and other things of value. This means that we should acknowledge more pathways by which human agency contributes to the climate problem and, accordingly, a different landscape of contribution-based remedial responsibilities.
Seasonal differences in the timing of flight between the invasive winter moth and native Bruce spanworm promotes reproductive isolation
Authors: Andersen Jeremy C , Havill Nathan P , Chandler Jennifer L , Boettner George H , Griffin Brian P , Elkinton Joseph S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The European winter moth, Operophtera brumata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), was accidentally introduced to North America on at least 4 separate occasions, where it has been hybridizing with the native Bruce spanworm, O. bruceata Hulst, at rates up to 10% per year. Both species are known to respond to the same sex pheromones and to produce viable offspring, but whether they differ in the seasonal timing of their mating flights is unknown. Therefore, we collected adult male moths weekly along 2 transects in the northeastern United States and genotyped individuals using polymorphic microsatellite markers as males of these 2 species cannot be differentiated morphologically. Along each transect, we then estimated the cumulative proportions (i.e., the number of individuals out of the total collected) of each species on each calendar day. Our results indicate that there are significant differences between the species regarding their seasonal timing of flight, and these allochronic differences likely are acting to promote reproductive isolation between these 2 species. Lastly, our results suggest that the later flight observed by winter moth compared to Bruce spanworm may be limiting its inland spread in the northeastern United States because of increased exposure to extreme winter events.
Association between Covid-19 sources of information, beliefs, and vaccination rates: an EU-wide survey
Authors: De la Cruz-Sánchez Ernesto , Moreno-Llamas Antonio , Mendiola Olivares Jaime , García-Mayor Jesús , Torres-Cantero Alberto , Devine Emily Beth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Misinformation hampers vaccine uptake. The European Union (EU) employed a coordinated effort to curb misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this context, we investigated relationships between sources of information, vaccine safety/effectiveness, satisfaction with government vaccination strategy, and vaccination intent.

Methods
We used cross-sectional survey data (May 2021) from Flash Eurobarometer 494, a population-adjusted dataset comprised of a representative sample of those ≥15 years from 27 EU nations. We employed a latent class analysis to create clusters of information sources as the independent variable and beliefs in vaccine safety/efficacy, satisfaction with government vaccination strategy, and vaccine intent as four outcome variables. We first estimated the association between source clusters and each of the first three outcomes separately. Then, using these three as intermediate variables, we employed structural equation modeling to estimate the relationship between sources and vaccine intent. We adjusted for individual and country-level variables.

Results
Among 23 012 respondents, four clusters of information sources emerged: (1) national authorities/health professionals (n = 9602; 42%), (2) mostly health professionals (6184; 27%), (3) mixed (n = 1705; 17%) and (4) social media/family/friends (n = 5524; 24%). Using cluster (3) as the referent, we found decreasing odds of beliefs in vaccine safety/effectiveness, satisfaction and vaccine intent across clusters (1), (2) and (4), respectively. Demographics played a role.

Conclusion
In the context of the Covid pandemic, these results provide the first EU-wide estimates of the association between sources of information about vaccine safety/effectiveness, satisfaction and vaccine intent. The coordinated approach promulgated by the EU to minimize misinformation provides a model for managing future pandemics.
The Hausdorff Dimension of Escaping Sets of Meromorphic Functions in the Speiser Class
Authors: Bergweiler Walter , Cui Weiwei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bergweiler and Kotus gave sharp upper bounds for the Hausdorff dimension of the escaping set of a meromorphic function in the Eremenko–Lyubich class, in terms of the order of the function and the maximal multiplicity of the poles. We show that these bounds are also sharp in the Speiser class. We apply this method also to construct meromorphic functions in the Speiser class with preassigned dimensions of the Julia set and the escaping set.
Kukaa Salama (Staying Safe): a pre-post trial of an interactive informational mobile health intervention for increasing COVID-19 prevention practices with urban refugee youth in Uganda
Authors: Logie Carmen H , Okumu Moses , Berry Isha , Kortenaar Jean-Luc , Hakiza Robert , Musoke Daniel Kibuuka , Katisi Brenda , Nakitende Aidah , Kyambadde Peter , Lester Richard , Perez-Brumer Amaya G , Admassu Zerihun , Mbuagbaw Lawrence 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Tailored coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention strategies are needed for urban refugee youth in resource-constrained contexts. We developed an 8-wk interactive informational mobile health intervention focused on COVID-19 prevention practices informed by the Risk, Attitude, Norms, Ability, Self-regulation—or RANAS—approach.

Methods
We conducted a pre-post trial with a community-recruited sample of refugee youth aged 16–24 y in Kampala, Uganda. Data were collected before (T1) and immediately following (T2) the intervention, and at the 16-wk follow up (T3), to examine changes in primary (COVID-19 prevention self-efficacy) and secondary outcomes (COVID-19 risk awareness, attitudes, norms and self-regulation practices; depression; sexual and reproductive health [SRH] access; food/water security; COVID-19 vaccine acceptability).

Results
Participants (n=346; mean age: 21.2 [SD 2.6] y; cisgender women: 50.3%; cisgender men: 48.0%; transgender persons: 1.7%) were largely retained (T2: n=316, 91.3%; T3: n=302, 87.3%). In adjusted analyses, COVID-19 prevention self-efficacy, risk awareness, attitudes and vaccine acceptance increased significantly from T1 to T2, but were not sustained at T3. Between T1 and T3, COVID-19 norms and self-regulation significantly increased, while community violence, water insecurity and community SRH access decreased.

Conclusions
Digital approaches for behaviour change hold promise with urban refugee youth but may need booster messaging and complementary programming for sustained effects.
The impact of COVID-19 national restrictions on dental antibiotic dispensing trends and treatment activity in England: January 2016 to July 2021
Authors: Falola Angela , Demirjian Alicia , Thompson Wendy , Brown Colin S , Gerver Sarah , Bou-Antoun Sabine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing tempers the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to quantify the associated impact of COVID-19-related national restrictions in England on dental antibiotic dispensing and describe changes in appointments and modes of delivery of care.

Methods
Interrupted time series analyses were completed using NHS Business Service Authority (NHSBSA) ePACT2 data to measure the associated change in antibiotic dispensing in England following COVID-19-related restrictions (which began March 2020). For face-to-face dental consultations, NHS dental treatment plan (FP17) data were used. For remote consultations during the COVID-19 period, NHSBSA Compass system remote management data were used.

Results
Between January 2016 and February 2020, there was a decreasing trend in antibiotic dispensing (−0.02 per 1000 population per month, P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, there was an increase of 0.98 per 1000 population (P &lt; 0.05) in March. The peak in antibiotic use occurred between June 2020 and July 2020, once the restrictions were eased. At the end of the study period (July 2021), the elevated prescribing trend had not returned to pre-pandemic counterfactual levels, although exhibiting a declining trend. A stable trend in dental treatment plans was seen pre-COVID-19, with a sharp decline coinciding with the restrictions. Dental treatment plans had not yet returned to the higher pre-pandemic levels.

Conclusions
Dental antibiotic prescribing significantly increased with the national COVID-19 restrictions when service delivery was altered with the closure of dental practices and introduction of remote consultations. Teledentistry was likely associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. Continued antimicrobial stewardship and prudent use of antibiotics in dentistry is important.
Sampling affects population genetic inference: A case study of the Allen’s (Selasphorus sasin) and rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus)
Authors: Myers Brian M , Burns Kevin J , Clark Christopher J , Brelsford Alan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Gene flow can affect evolutionary inference when species are undersampled. Here, we evaluate the effects of gene flow and geographic sampling on demographic inference of 2 hummingbirds that hybridize, Allen’s hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin) and rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus). Using whole-genome data and extensive geographic sampling, we find widespread connectivity, with introgression far beyond the Allen’s × rufous hybrid zone, although the Z chromosome resists introgression beyond the hybrid zone. We test alternative hypotheses of speciation history of Allen’s, rufous, and Calliope (S. calliope) hummingbird and find that rufous hummingbird is the sister taxon to Allen’s hummingbird, and Calliope hummingbird is the outgroup. A model treating the 2 subspecies of Allen’s hummingbird as a single panmictic population fit observed genetic data better than models treating the subspecies as distinct populations, in contrast to morphological and behavioral differences and analyses of spatial population structure. With additional sampling, our study builds upon recent studies that came to conflicting conclusions regarding the evolutionary histories of these 2 species. Our results stress the importance of thorough geographic sampling when assessing demographic history in the presence of gene flow.
Factors associated with formal help-seeking for domestic violence in urban China
Authors: Lin Wenyi , Yuan Dinghuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The promulgation and implementation of the China Anti-Domestic Violence Law have effectively solved many problems related to domestic violence at the legislative level, but the law received no clear feedback when implemented in specific communities. This study aims to examine factors associated with formal help-seeking for domestic violence in urban China. This study mainly collected survey data in a neighbourhood community in Y City, Guangdong Province of China. A total of 1,062 valid samples were used for analysis. Our findings demonstrate the awareness of the definition, nature, types and harm of domestic violence, the perception regarding the propaganda and the implementation of domestic violence, and the influence of individual experience of domestic violence have impacts on the intention to seek formal help. However, the traditional cultural perspective is not associated with the intention to seek formal help. Policymakers and practitioners should vigorously promote anti-domestic violence laws and related projects to inform people about domestic violence and improve the implementation of anti-domestic violence policies and programmes.
Nutritional awareness of pregnant women and the underlying influencing factors
Authors: Fang Weijie , Reddy Obireddy Sreekanth , Lai Wing-Fu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nutritional awareness is described as having knowledge or understanding of nutrition. It is often related to the ability of an individual to make an accurate estimate of their food intake, which involves comparing their actual nutritional behavior with the recommended food consumption. Nutritional awareness of women during the various phases of pregnancy may vary significantly across countries due to cultural and lifestyle differences. There has been extensive research on nutritional awareness of pregnant women in selected countries or regions; however, relatively few studies have explored it during different stages of pregnancy. To fill this gap, this article reviews the existing literature and draws together insights into the following areas: changes in nutritional awareness during various phases of pregnancy, nutritional awareness of pregnant women and its underlying factors in various nations, and the research methods used to study nutritional awareness of pregnant women.
Who Is at Risk for New Hepatitis B Infections Among People With HIV?
Authors: Sladic John M , Taylor Barbara S , Thamer Mae , Vigil Karen J , Kshirsagar Onkar , Taranova Anna , McCracken Andrew , Sanchez Carmen G , Jain Mamta K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) increases morbidity and mortality among people with HIV (PWH). We retrospectively analyzed HBV incidence among 5785 PWH. Fourteen had newly positive hepatitis B s antigen (mean 5.2 person-years of follow-up, 46.4/100 000 infections/year). These data show gaps in HBV vaccination and in the preventative efficacy of HBV-specific antiretroviral therapy.