bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro-CT results exhibit ovules enclosed in the ovaries of Nanjinganthus
Authors: Fu Qiang , Hou Yemao , Yin Pengfei , Diez José Bienvenido , Pole Mike , García-Ávila Manuel , Wang Xin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Early Jurassic angiosperm Nanjinganthus has triggered a heated debate among botanists, partially due to the fact that the enclosed ovules were visible to naked eyes only when the ovary is broken but not visible when the closed ovary is intact. Although traditional technologies cannot confirm the existence of ovules in a closed ovary, newly available Micro-CT can non-destructively reveal internal features of fossil plants. Here, we performed Micro-CT observations on three dimensionally preserved coalified compressions of Nanjinganthus. Our outcomes corroborate the conclusion given by Fu et al., namely, that Nanjinganthus is an Early Jurassic angiosperm.
Alleviation of soil acidification and modification of soil bacterial community by biochar derived from water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes
Authors: Jutakanoke Rumpa , Intaravicha Nuttakorn , Charoensuksai Purin , Mhuantong Wuttichai , Boonnorat Jarungwit , Sichaem Jirapast , Phongsopitanun Wongsakorn , Chakritbudsabong Warunya , Rungarunlert Sasitorn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe highly acid sulfate Rangsit soil series of Rangsit, Pathum-Thani district, Thailand poses a major problem for agriculture in the area. Water hyacinth is a naturally occurring weed that can grow aggressively, causing eutrophication and leading to many severe environmental impacts. Here, through the pyrolysis process, we convert water hyacinth to biochar and use it for acid soil amendment. We found the ratio between biochar, soil, and sand suitable for the cultivation of water convolvulus to be 50 g of biochar, 400 g of soil, and 100 g of sand (1:8:2). This soil mixture improved the pH of the soil from 4.73 to 7.57. The plant height of the water convolvulus grown in the soil mixture was the greatest at 20.45 cm and the plant weight with and without roots was greatest at 2.23 g and 2.52 g, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrated the dominance and high abundance of Bacillus among the community in soil with biochar amendment. Here we provide the first assessment of the appropriate amount of water hyacinth-derived biochar for mitigation of soil acidity and promotion of optimal water convolvulus growth. Moreover, biochar can optimally modify soil bacterial communities that benefit plant development.
The association between dietary patterns derived by three statistical methods and type 2 diabetes risk: YaHS-TAMYZ and Shahedieh cohort studies
Authors: Beigrezaei Sara , Jambarsang Sara , Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid , Mirzaei Masoud , Mehrparvar Amir Houshang , Salehi-Abargouei Amin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFindings were inconsistent regarding the superiority of using recently introduced hybrid methods to derive DPs compared to widely used statistical methods like principal component analysis (PCA) in assessing dietary patterns and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate the association between DPs extracted using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least-squares (PLS), and reduced-rank regressions (RRR) in identifying DPs associated with T2DM risk. The study was conducted in the context of two cohort studies accomplished in central Iran. Dietary intake data were collected by food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). DPs were derived by using PCA, PLS, and RRR methods considering. The association between DPs with the risk of T2DM was assessed using log-binomial logistic regression test. A total of 8667 participants aged 20–70 years were included in this study. In the multivariate-adjusted models, RRR-DP3 characterized by high intake of fruits, tomatoes, vegetable oils, and refined grains and low intake of processed meats, organ meats, margarine, and hydrogenated fats was significantly associated with a reduced T2DM risk (Q5 vs Q1: RR 0.540, 95% CI 0.33–0.87, P-trend = 0.020). No significant highest-lowest or trend association was observed between DPs derived using PCA or PLS and T2DM. The findings indicate that RRR method was more promising in identifying DPs that are related to T2DM risk compared to PCA and PLS methods.
The enhanced dewaterability of sludge by a starch-based flocculant combined with attapulgite
Authors: Shen Shaohang , Wei Hua , Pan Yu , Hu Pan , Yang Hu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCoagulation/flocculation is one of the most widely used and cost-effective pretreatment methods for improving the dewaterability of sludge. In this study, a cationic modified starch-based flocculant (St-CTA) in conjunction with a popular clay, attapulgite (ATP), was used for the conditioning of waste-activated sludge. The dewatering properties, including the filter cake moisture content, filtration specific resistance, capillary suction time, filtration rate and compressibility coefficient, were measured and compared by varying the doses of St-CTA and ATP. By combination of the apparent dewatering performance and the changes in the contents and distributions of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) fractions and components, sludge flocs, and microstructures of sludge cakes, the dewatering mechanisms were discussed in detail. St-CTA in conjunction with ATP can exhibit an enhanced dewaterability of sludge and the water content in final sludge cake can be stably reduced below 80% owing to the synergistic effects of St-CTA and ATP. In addition to the efficient charge neutralization of St-CTA, ATP not only acts as a skeleton builder in the sludge dewatering process which makes the sludge flocs more compact and improves the filterability and permeability, but also tightly interacts with the proteins in EPS of the sludge which reduces the protein content and further enhances the dewatering effect. This study provides an economical, green, and effective way to further improve the dewaterability of sludge.
Choroidal thickness as a possible predictor of non-response to intravitreal bevacizumab for macular edema after retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Aljundi Wissam , Gradinger Florian , Langenbucher Achim , Sideroudi Haris , Seitz Berthold , Abdin Alaa Din 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo evaluate outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treating macular edema (ME) after retinal vein occlusion (RVO) following pro re nata (PRN) regimen and investigate potential predictors of non-response. Retrospective analysis of 126 treatment-naive eyes with ME after RVO. Eyes were treated initially with IVB of 1.25 mg/ml. Therapy was switched in case of non-response. Outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT), which were recorded over 4 years of treatment. BCVA improved significantly during first 2 years. CMT decreased significantly during the 4-year follow-up period. Switching was required in 42 eyes (33%). 34 eyes (26.9%) were switched to steroids, while 8 eyes (6.3%) were switched to other anti-VEGF due to diagnosed glaucoma. Switching occurred after 12.4 ± 8.3 months and an average of 8 ± 4.1 IVBs. Compared with the treatment-responsive group, the treatment-unresponsive group had significantly worse BCVA, higher CMT and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) at baseline. Treatment IVB following PRN regimen showed significant functional and anatomic improvement in patients with ME after RVO. Switching was required in more than one third of eyes. Higher baseline SFCT could be considered as predictor for non-response to such therapy and thus an indicator of early switching.
Facial attribute classification by deep mining inter‐attribute correlations
Authors: Liu Na , Zhang Fan , Chang Liang , Duan Fuqing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFace attribute classification (FAC) has received considerable attention due to its excellent application value in bio‐metric verification and face retrieval. Current FAC methods suffer two typical challenges: complex inter‐attribute correlations and imbalanced learning. Aims at the challenges, presents an end‐to‐end FAC framework with integrated use of multiple strategies, which consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a graph convolutional network (GCN). The GCN is used to model the semantic correlations among attributes and capture inter‐dependency among them. The correlation information learnt via the GCN is used to guide the learning of the inter‐dependent classification features of the FAC network. An adaptive thresholding strategy and a boosting scheme are adopted to alleviate the effect of the class‐imbalance. To deal with the task imbalance problem, a new dynamic weighting scheme is proposed to update the weight of each attribute classification task in the training process. We apply four evaluation metrics to evaluate the proposed method. Experimental results show all the proposed strategies are effective, and our approach outperforms state‐of‐the‐art FAC methods on two challenging datasets CelebA and LFWA.
Investigation of an engine order noise cancellation system in a super sports car
Authors: Ferrari Cesare Lupo , Cheer Jordan , Mautone Mario 
Published: January 2023

Today’s cars must meet ever-higher acoustic standards, and so, to avoid compromising vehicle dynamics, handling performance and fuel consumption, standard passive methods alone do not provide sufficient performance. Active control solutions can provide a potential solution to this challenge, particularly at low frequency and such systems have been investigated for application to small cars, SUVs and luxury vehicles. These vehicles are generally characterised by fairly slow dynamics and limited noise emission and, therefore, this paper explores the challenging application of active noise control to a two-seat super sports car equipped with a naturally aspirated engine. This work aims to track and then control sounds characterised by extremely rapid frequency variation rates, up to peaks of over 80 Hz/s, and high sound pressure levels. A multi-channel, multi-order FxLMS based control system has been implemented, which has been modified to optimise performance for this application by including both convergence gain and leakage scheduling, to achieve effective control at the driver’s and passenger’s ears. To evaluate the performance of the controller, its performance has been simulated when applied to measurements taken under several vehicle manoeuvres, ranging from conventional constant engine speed to very fast engine run-ups. From the presented results, it is shown that the system can obtain high levels of control during the manoeuvre set, with the controller reducing the overall sound pressure level by more than 10 dB at certain frequencies when analysing a single order, and it reduces the overall loudness by around 5% in all of the analysed cases.
The Aging Human Liver: The Weal and Woe of Evolutionary Legacy
Authors: Gieseler Robert K. , Schreiter Thomas , Canbay Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAging is characterized by the progressive decline of biological integrity and its
compensatory mechanisms as well as immunological dysregulation. This goes along with an
increasing risk of frailty and disease. Against this background, we here specifically focus on
the aging of the human liver. For the first time, we shed light on the intertwining
evolutionary underpinnings of the liver’s declining regenerative capacity, the phenomenon of
inflammaging, and the biotransformation capacity in the process of aging. In addition, we
discuss how aging influences the risk for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,
hepatocellular carcinoma, and/or autoimmune hepatitis, and we describe chronic diseases as
accelerators of biological aging.
Patients with NAFLD exhibit more advanced fibrosis in liver biopsy than patients with other chronic liver diseases
Authors: Rohr Lydia , Lemmer Peter , Henning Marie , Tannapfel Andrea , Baars Theodor , Manka Paul , Canbay Ali , Sowa Jan-Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction Despite extremely high and seemingly rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), awareness for this health condition is still low. In the present study we analyzed, if this is reflected in clinical routine for advanced diagnostic measures.
Methods Retrospective data of 93 patients with histologically determined fibrosis stage and confirmed etiology was analyzed. Patients were grouped according to chronic liver disease alone (n=40), concomitant chronic liver disease and NAFLD (n=29), or NAFLD alone (n=24). Fibrosis stage and presence of cirrhosis were main outcome measures.
Results Patients with NAFLD were significantly older and had significantly higher body mass index and CAP-values than patients with chronic liver disease. Significantly higher fibrosis stages were observed in patients with NAFLD than in those with chronic liver disease alone (p=0.003). Presence of cirrhosis was significantly higher in patients with NAFLD than in patients with chronic liver disease (p=0.01). This was not associated with a significantly different age distribution over fibrosis stages between chronic liver disease and NAFLD. Undergoing liver biopsy 10 years earlier could have possibly prevented progression to cirrhosis in up to 7 patients with NAFLD. This could have potentially saved 35,000 € yearly health care resources.
Conclusion These findings suggest that the time course for development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is not fundamentally different between patients with NAFLD or with other chronic liver diseases. Higher rates of cirrhosis observed in patients with NAFLD could potentially be ameliorated by earlier diagnostic work-up and improved monitoring.
Angeborene und erworbene Immunität im Kontext der nichtalkoholischen Fettlebererkrankung
Authors: Heinrich Bernd 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDie nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) ist ein wachsendes Gesundheitsproblem.
Das Verständnis der immunologischen Vorgänge in der Leber während der Ausbildung sowie
Progression der Fettlebererkrankung hin zu einer Fettleberentzündung (NASH), Leberzirrhose
oder hepatozellulärem Karzinom (HCC) kann dabei zum besseren Erkrankungsverständnis,
Identifizierung von klinisch relevanten Subgruppen sowie therapeutischen Ansätzen genutzt
werden. Die Interaktion zwischen angeborenem und erworbenem Immunsystem scheint dabei von
großer Wichtigkeit zu sein. Dieser Übersichtsartikel beleuchtet die verschiedenen
immunologischen Vorgänge in der NAFLD bis hin zur Progression zum HCC, geordnet nach den
wesentlichen Zellgruppen des angeborenen und erworbenen Immunsystems.
Axisymmetric, stationary collisionless gas clouds trapped in a Newtonian potential
Authors: Gabarrete Carlos , Sarbach Olivier 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The properties of an axisymmetric, stationary gas cloud surrounding a massive central object are discussed. It is assumed that the gravitational field is dominated by the central object which is modeled by a nonrelativistic rotationally-symmetric potential. Further, we assume that the gas consists of collisionless, identical massive particles that follow bound orbits in this potential. Several models for the one-particle distribution function are considered and the essential formulae that describe the relevant macroscopical observables, such as the particle and energy densities, pressure tensor, and the kinetic temperature are derived. The asymptotic decay of the solutions at infinity is discussed and we specify configurations with finite total mass, energy and (zero or non-zero) angular momentum. Finally, our configurations are compared to their hydrodynamic analogs. In an accompanying paper, the equivalent general relativistic problem is discussed, where the central object consists of a Schwarzschild black hole.
Axisymmetric, stationary collisionless gas configurations surrounding Schwarzschild black holes
Authors: Gabarrete Carlos , Sarbach Olivier 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The properties of a stationary gas cloud surrounding a black hole are discussed, assuming that the gas consists of collisionless, identical massive particles that follow spatially bound geodesic orbits in the Schwarzschild spacetime. Several models for the one-particle distribution function are considered, and the essential formulae that describe the relevant macroscopic observables, like the current density four-vector and the stress–energy–momentum tensor are derived. This is achieved by rewriting these observables as integrals over the constants of motion and by a careful analysis of the range of integration. In particular, we provide configurations with finite total mass and angular momentum. Differences between these configurations and their nonrelativistic counterparts in a Newtonian potential are analyzed. Finally, our configurations are compared to their hydrodynamic analogues, the ‘polish doughnuts’.
Possible enhancements of collective flow anisotropy induced by uncertainty relation for fluid element
Authors: de Matos Gyell Gonçalves , Kodama Takeshi , Koide Tomoi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the stochastic formulation of viscous hydrodynamics, the velocity of a fluid element fluctuates satisfying a similar relation to the quantum-mechanical uncertainty relation. Using a non-relativistic toy model, we show that the presence of a velocity fluctuation increases the local anisotropy of the momentum distributions of produced hadrons and, consequently, the collective flow parameters such as v
2 are enhanced.
Probing electron-phonon and phonon-phonon coupling in type-II Dirac semi-metal NiTe2 via temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy
Authors: James Minna Theres , Mandal Shoubhik , Sebastian Nirmal K , Mishra Pramita , Ganesan R , Kumar P S Anil 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We report the temperature-dependent structural characterization of type-II Dirac semimetal NiTe2 in the form of a bulk single crystal and a nanoflake (200 nm thick). Detailed x-ray diffraction study along with Rietveld refinement analysis reveals superior crystallinity and linear thermal expansion coefficient (α

T
) of 5.56 × 10−6 and 22.5 × 10−6 K−1 along a or b and c lattice directions, respectively. Temperature evolution of Raman spectra shows non-linear variations in the phonon frequency and full-width half maxima of the out-of-plane A

1
g

and in-plane E
g
modes. Raman mode E

2
g

1

, corresponding to an in-plane vibration, disappears on decreasing the thickness from bulk to nanoflake. Quantitative analysis with anharmonic model yields dominating electron-phonon interaction over phonon-phonon interaction mediated by three- and four-phonon processes.
Flowthrough of 239PU and 55FE during RNA extraction
Authors: Manglass Lisa M , Vogel Charlotte M , Wintenberg Molly , Blenner Mark A , Martinez Nicole E 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Analysis of gene expression has become an important tool in understanding low-dose effect mechanisms of ionizing radiation at the cellular level. Metal binding to nucleic acids needs to be considered when interpreting these results, as some radioactive metals, particularly actinides, may produce free radicals and cause oxidative stress damage via chemical means at rates much higher than free radical formation related to their radiological properties. Bacteria exposed in situ to low dose rates of plutonium-239 (239Pu) and iron-55 (55Fe) were previously analysed for gene expression. The work herein was motivated by an interest in more precisely identifying the distribution of radionuclides in these bacteria as well as the practical need to ensure appropriate transport and handling of the associated ribonucleic acid (RNA) extractions. RNA extractions were performed on bacteria growth media with and without bacteria cells (i.e. with and without RNA) at several different concentrations of 239Pu and 55Fe to inform the level of specificity of the extraction membrane as well as provide insight into internal (uptake) vs external (sorption) accumulation of these radionuclides in bacteria cells. Results of the study suggest that 239Pu and 55Fe detected in RNA extraction samples during long term cell studies is the result of binding to RNA prior to the time of extraction, as opposed to flow through or binding after cell lysis, and it highlights the practical importance of nucleic acid sample characterization to radiation protection more generally.
Developing a geological disaster monitoring system based on electrical prospecting
Authors: Wu Zhen , Deng Ming , Chen Guangyuan , Liu Yongdong , Zhang Qisheng , Guo Linyan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The functions and performances of current geological disaster monitoring systems have significantly improved in recent years. However, they still possess certain shortcomings, such as lack of deep monitoring functions and being affected by weather, atmosphere, and light. This study aims to combine electrical prospecting with geological disaster monitoring to develop an improved system. The proposed system has a high level of data gathering accuracy and involves deep monitoring. It is not easily affected by natural factors, such as the weather. We designed circuits for the high-precision data acquisition, high-voltage power transmission, and main control and developed an acquisition and monitoring software, which provides adequate technical support for geological disaster monitoring. The system was used to monitor the Lannitan landslide. Our results indicated that the proposed geological disaster monitoring system had stable functionality, high acquisition accuracy, simple operation of the human‒computer interface, and remote monitoring, meeting the requirements for geological disaster monitoring.
Super-resolution reconstruction of ultrasonic Lamb wave TFM image via deep learning
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Chai Xiaodong , Zhu Wenfa , Zheng Shubin , Fan Guopeng , Li Zaiwei , Zhang Hui , Zhang Hanfei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Under the same detection frequency and depth, when the center spacing of multiple defects is less than the resolution threshold determined by the Rayleigh criterion, it is challenging to achieve super-resolution imaging of multiple defects using the ultrasonic total focusing method (TFM). A multilevel deep learning network is proposed as a super-resolution reconstruction method for ultrasonic Lamb wave TFM images. The first-level network is a detection network that uses a Resnet50 with more convolutional layers to improve the linear expression capabilities of the neural network. It introduces residual structure to solve low accuracy issues of multi-convolutional layers so that the Resnet50 can accurately detect defects from TFM images. The second-level network is a super-resolution reconstruction network that uses a Deeplab v3+ with a dilated convolutional layer. It controls the receptive field without changing the image feature size of the TFM image. With this model, a super-resolution reconstruction of multiple defects with a center spacing less than the resolution threshold is realized by extracting the detailed features of defects in the TFM image. Experimental results show that when the defect center spacing is greater than the resolution threshold determined by the Rayleigh criterion, the super-resolution reconstruction method improves the calculation accuracy of the defect center spacing by 4.7% and the calculation accuracy of the defect area by 93.7% compared with TFM. When the defect spacing is less than the resolution threshold, the method can still identify and accurately calculate the center spacing of multiple defects.