bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a causal link between attachment styles and mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Vowels Laura M. , Vowels Matthew J. , Carnelley Katherine B. , Millings Abigail , Gibson‐Miller Jilly 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent research has shown that insecure attachment, especially attachment anxiety, is associated with poor mental health outcomes, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Other research suggests that insecure attachment may be linked to nonadherence to social distancing behaviours during the pandemic.AimsThe present study aims to examine the causal links between attachment styles (secure, anxious, avoidant), mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, loneliness) and adherence to social distancing behaviours during the first several months of the UK lockdown (between April and August 2020).Materials & MethodsWe used a nationally representative UK sample (cross‐sectional n = 1325; longitudinal n = 950). The data were analysed using state‐of‐the‐art causal discovery and targeted learning algorithms to identify causal processes.ResultsThe results showed that insecure attachment styles were causally linked to poorer mental health outcomes, mediated by loneliness. Only attachment avoidance was causally linked to nonadherence to social distancing guidelines.DiscussionFuture interventions to improve mental health outcomes should focus on mitigating feelings of loneliness. Limitations include no access to pre‐pandemic data and the use of categorical attachment measure.ConclusionInsecure attachment is a risk factor for poorer mental health outcomes.
Cactus height increases the modularity of a plant–frugivore network in the Caatinga dry forest
Authors: Paixão Virgínia Helen Figueiredo , Gomes Vanessa Gabrielle Nóbrega , de Souza Camila Silveira , Venticinque Eduardo Martins 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCacti fruits are key resources to many frugivorous animals in Neotropical arid and semiarid regions. However, most studies have focused on a particular animal group or cacti species, but few have explored the overall interactions of such species at the community level. Here we monitored frugivory on five cacti species using camera traps that sampled diurnal and nocturnal interactions. We investigated the structure of interactions with bird, mammal, and reptile frugivores in the Brazilian Caatinga dry forest. We hypothesized that the height of cacti limit interactions with different types of frugivores, which would result in highly structured and modular interaction networks. In 2929 camera‐days, we recorded 23 vertebrate species feeding on cacti fruits, including seven new records, all determined to be primary seed dispersers. As predicted, the cacti‐frugivore network was modular and non‐nested, with the two shortest cacti species grouped in a module dominated by interactions with reptiles and non‐flying mammals. The tallest cacti species were dominated by frugivory interactions with birds and had comparatively less interaction diversity than shorter cacti species. Our results support the contention that cacti are keystone species in semiarid ecosystems where they produce small‐seeded fleshy fruits year‐round.
Enamel matrix derivative for alveolar ridge preservation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Atieh Momen A. , Al‐Ali Bashayer , Shah Maanas , Amir‐Rad Fatemeh , Baqain Zaid H. , Al‐Suwaidi Salem , Alsabeeha Nabeel H. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this clinical trial were to evaluate the radiographic dimensional changes in alveolar ridge and patient‐reported outcomes following tooth extraction and alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) using either deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) with EMD or DBBM alone.MethodsParticipants requiring at least one posterior tooth extraction and ARP were randomly allocated into two treatment groups: ARP using either DBBM with EMD or DBBM alone. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were recorded immediately prior to extraction and at 6 months. Changes in alveolar ridge height (ARH) and alveolar ridge width (ARW) at 1, 3, and 5 mm were recorded.ResultsA total of 18 participants with 25 preserved sites were evaluated. ARH and ARW changed significantly from baseline to 6 months for both treatment groups but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant over the 6‐month follow‐up period (ARH: DBBM/EMD 1.26 ± 1.53 mm vs. DBBM 2.26 ± 1.60 mm; ARW‐1 DBBM/EMD 1.98 ± 1.80 mm vs. DBBM 2.34 ± 1.89 mm). A significant difference, favoring DBBM with EMD group, was observed in percentage of sites that had less than 1 mm loss in ARH (54.5% sites in DBBM/EMD group vs. 14.3% sites in DBBM alone group). The participants' perception of bruising, bleeding, and pain in the first two postoperative days was significantly in favor of DBBM alone group.ConclusionsThere were no significant differences in radiographic mean measurements of ARH and ARW following ARB with DBBM and EMD or DBBM alone.
An explainable deep learning model for prediction of early‐stage chronic kidney disease
Authors: Arumugham Vinothini , Sankaralingam Baghavathi Priya , Jayachandran Uma Maheswari , Krishna Komanduri Venkata Sesha Sai Rama , Sundarraj Selvanayaki , Mohammed Moulana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern with rising prevalence and huge costs associated with dialysis and transplantation. Early prediction of CKD can reduce the patient's risk of CKD progression to end‐stage kidney failure. Artificial intelligence offers more intelligent and expert healthcare services in disease diagnosis. In this work, a deep learning model is built using deep neural networks (DNN) with an adaptive moment estimation optimization function to predict early‐stage CKD. The health care applications require interpretability over the predictions of the black‐box model to build conviction towards the model's prediction. Hence, the predictions of the DNN‐CKD model are explained by the local interpretable model‐agnostic explainer (LIME). The diagnostic patient data is trained on five layered DNN with three hidden layers. Over the unseen data, the DNN‐CKD model yields an accuracy of 98.75% and a roc_auc score of 98.86% in detecting CKD risk. The explanation revealed by the LIME algorithm echoes the influence of each feature on the prediction made by the DNN‐CKD model over the given CKD data. With its interpretability and accuracy, the proposed system may effectively help medical experts in the early diagnosis of CKD.
Four‐ to seven‐year follow‐up of pharmacological postconditioning with mangafodipir as an adjunct to primary PCI in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: El‐Saadi Walid , Engvall Jan , Karlsson Jan‐Erik , Maret Eva 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionAdverse left ventricular remodelling (AR) develops over time in approximately 30% of patients with a history of coronary artery disease. AR manifests as a structural change in the left ventricle (LV) in terms of increased volumes and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (mangafodipir) has demonstrated interesting cardioprotective features in acute myocardial ischaemia. Pharmacological postconditioning (PP) with mangafodipir as an adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention may possibly reduce the development of AR over time in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of this 4–7‐year follow‐up study is to investigate the potential benefits of PP with mangafodipir in STEMI patients.MethodThirteen out of the initial 20 patients that were included in the primary study of Karlsson et al. were followed up between April and June 2017. The study group underwent review of the hospital records, a clinical examination with ECG and blood sample analysis before cardiac magnetic resonance examination of the patient. LVEF, left ventricular diastolic volume, left ventricular end systolic volume, LV mass and myocardial strain in all directions were computed.ResultsThe PP group showed a decrease in LV volume, mass and higher LVEF at follow‐up (p < 0.05) while the individual response of the placebo group showed features that are seen in AR. Although there was no difference in myocardial strain, measurement for the PP‐group was higher in absolute terms.ConclusionPharmacological postconditioning with mangafodipir in STEMI demonstrated cardioprotective features compared to the placebo group at follow‐up. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Response to inhaled granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in patient with mild‐to‐moderate autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis—24 months of follow‐up
Authors: Oterino‐Moreira Iván , Linares‐Asensio María‐Jesús , Sanz‐Márquez Sira , Pérez‐Encinas Montserrat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionAutoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) is a disease caused by IgG antibodies against granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Whole lung lavage (WLL) allows to remove the lipo‐proteinaceous material accumulated by the poor clearance of alveolar surfactant. However, it is a complex technique that is not exempt from complications, and in some cases, the patients are refractory, requiring the performance of several WLLs spaced apart in time.Materials and MethodsWe present the clinical, functional, and radiological evolution after 24 months of follow‐up of a patient diagnosis of aPAP refractory to WLL, with performed three therapeutic WLLs spaced 16 and 36 months and serious potentially fatal complications in the last one.Results and DisscusionAfter 24 months, no adverse effects have appeared and the great clinical, functional and radiological response is maintained. The patient has been successfully treated with inhaled recombinant human GM‐CSF sargramostim.
RETRACTED: Optimization using Internet of Agent based Stacked Sparse Autoencoder Model for Heart Disease Prediction
Authors: Baviskar Vaishali , Verma Madhushi , Chatterjee Pradeep , Singal Gaurav , Gadekallu Thippa Reddy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecently, machine learning methods have been successfully used for the prediction of cardiovascular disease. Early diagnosis and prediction is necessary for giving effective treatment to avoid higher mortality rates. Several classification algorithms have been developed recently which satisfy the need, but show limited accuracy while predicting the heart disease. Hence, the focus of this study is on early prediction of heart disease and to improve the accuracy of prediction using benchmark heart disease datasets such as UCI Cleveland dataset and Heart disease clinical dataset by implementing effective classification and optimization algorithms. Optimization algorithms generally exhibit the benefit of dealing with complex non‐linear issues with better adaptability and flexibility. The Emperor penguin optimization algorithm, which can select the best features for classification has been utilized in this study to improve the efficiency, minimize reconstruction errors, and increase the quality of heart disease classification. Further, the newly developed stacked sparse convolutional neural network based auto encoder (SSC‐AE) classification algorithm has been employed for significant feature classification with higher robustness and efficacy. Accuracy, Area Under Curve (AUC), and F1 score are some of the measures used to compare the outcomes of several machine learning algorithms to those of the proposed model in this study. The results show that the proposed model, SSC‐AE, is superior to other classification models.
Foster caregivers' depressive symptoms and parenting stress: Applying the theory of resilience and relational load
Authors: Arroyo Analisa , Richardson Evin W. , Hargrove Christine M. , Futris Ted G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to identify constructive interpersonal behaviors that may make relational partners more resilient while foster caregiving.BackgroundFoster caregiving can be stressful due to the unique demands of the role. Consistent with the theory of resilience and relational load, we propose one possible way for couples to manage stress and promote resilience is by investing in their relationships through repetitive and positive relationship maintenance behaviors.MethodTwo‐parent foster caregiving couples (N = 227) completed online surveys measuring perceptions of their own and their partners' relationship maintenance and conflict management behaviors, as well as individual reports of depressive symptoms and parenting stress.ResultsStructural equation actor–partner interdependence modeling indicated significant direct and indirect actor effects, but no partner effects. Both men's and women's perceptions of the couple's relationship maintenance were positively associated with their perceptions of the couple's conflict management, which, in turn, were negatively related with their own depressive symptoms and parenting stress.ConclusionCouples' prosocial and constructive behaviors are related to lower mental distress in foster caregivers.ImplicationsCouple‐focused interventions may be helpful in promoting behaviors that enhance couple functioning and promote the well‐being of foster caregivers.
The two‐parameter fracture criterion based on the J‐A concept
Authors: Matvienko Yu. G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present paper deals with the J‐A concept in two‐parameter elastic–plastic approaches of fracture mechanics. The cumulative damage rule in a solid is employed to construct the quantitative elastic–plastic J‐A fracture criterion. As a result, the constraint corrected elastic–plastic fracture toughness
as a function of the crack‐tip constraint parameter A, the yield stress, the strain hardening exponent and the failure stress has been proposed. The significant effect of the strain hardening exponent on the normalized constraint corrected fracture toughness is observed. The value of the normalized constraint corrected fracture toughness decreases with the increase of the applied failure stress and the decrease of the crack aspect ratio to a certain values, and then it stabilizes.
Evaluating the impact of biodiversity offsetting on native vegetation
Authors: zu Ermgassen Sophus O. S. E. , Devenish Katie , Simmons B. Alexander , Gordon Ascelin , Jones Julia P. G. , Maron Martine , Schulte to Bühne Henrike , Sharma Roshan , Sonter Laura J. , Strange Niels , Ward Michelle , Bull Joseph W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiodiversity offsetting is a globally influential policy mechanism for reconciling trade‐offs between development and biodiversity loss. However, there is little robust evidence of its effectiveness. We evaluated the outcomes of a jurisdictional offsetting policy (Victoria, Australia). Offsets under Victoria's Native Vegetation Framework (2002–2013) aimed to prevent loss and degradation of remnant vegetation, and generate gains in vegetation extent and quality. We categorised offsets into those with near‐complete baseline woody vegetation cover (“avoided loss”, 2702 ha) and with incomplete cover (“regeneration”, 501 ha), and evaluated impacts on woody vegetation extent from 2008 to 2018. We used two approaches to estimate the counterfactual. First, we used statistical matching on biophysical covariates: a common approach in conservation impact evaluation, but which risks ignoring potentially important psychosocial confounders. Second, we compared changes in offsets with changes in sites that were not offsets for the study duration but were later enrolled as offsets, to partially account for self‐selection bias (where landholders enrolling land may have shared characteristics affecting how they manage land). Matching on biophysical covariates, we estimated that regeneration offsets increased woody vegetation extent by 1.9%–3.6%/year more than non‐offset sites (138–180 ha from 2008 to 2018) but this effect weakened with the second approach (0.3%–1.9%/year more than non‐offset sites; 19–97 ha from 2008 to 2018) and disappeared when a single outlier land parcel was removed. Neither approach detected any impact of avoided loss offsets. We cannot conclusively demonstrate whether the policy goal of ‘net gain’ (NG) was achieved because of data limitations. However, given our evidence that the majority of increases in woody vegetation extent were not additional (would have happened without the scheme), a NG outcome seems unlikely. The results highlight the importance of considering self‐selection bias in the design and evaluation of regulatory biodiversity offsetting policy, and the challenges of conducting robust impact evaluations of jurisdictional biodiversity offsetting policies.
Validation of fatty liver index as a predictor of hepatic steatosis in Asian populations: Impact of alcohol consumption and sex
Authors: Nomura Takako , Ono Masafumi , Kobayashi Kiyoyuki , Akaiwa Yuzuru , Ayaki Maki , Ogi Tomohiro , Ogi Maki , Takahashi Hirokazu , Ishikawa Kayo , Morishita Asahiro , Kobara Hideki , Masaki Tsutomu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThis study was undertaken to investigate the utility of the fatty liver index (FLI) as a noninvasive tool for predicting hepatic steatosis based on alcohol consumption and sex in a large Asian population.MethodsWe carried out a single‐center observational cohort study at the HITO Medical Center in Japan and enrolled 1976 Asian subjects. The subjects were categorized into nondrinkers and light drinkers (0–19 g/day) and moderate drinkers (20–59 g/day) based on their self‐reported alcohol intake. We used physical examinations, laboratory tests, and a questionnaire to collect information on various factors related to the FLI, including body mass index, waist circumference, and levels of γ‐glutamyl transferase and triglycerides.ResultsThe diagnostic accuracy of the FLI was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and optimal cut‐off values were determined using Youden's index. The FLI had an acceptable performance index of >0.7 both overall and in all subgroups, with an overall AUROC of 0.844. The AUROCs were higher in women and moderate drinkers of both sexes. We also compared the cut‐off values obtained in the present study with the previously reported values of 30 and 60. Optimal cut‐off values for the FLI were calculated for the total population and subgroups and were found to differ from the previously established values in other countries.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the FLI is a useful noninvasive marker for predicting hepatic steatosis in a large Asian population, irrespective of alcohol consumption and sex.
Critical analysis of the reporting quality of animal studies within Endodontics using the Preferred Reporting Items for Animal Studies in Endodontics (PRIASE) 2021 quality standard checklist
Authors: Tzanetakis Giorgos , Jakovljevic Aleksandar , Koletsi Despina , Jacimovic Jelena , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Duncan Henry Fergus , Dummer Paul Michael Howell 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo critically evaluate the reporting quality of a random sample of animal studies within the field of endodontics against the Preferred Reporting Items for Animal Studies in Endodontics (PRIASE) 2021 checklist and to investigate the association between the quality of reporting and several characteristics of the selected studies.MethodologyFifty animal studies related to endodontics were randomly selected from the PubMed database with publication dates from January 2017 to December 2021. For each study, a score of ‘1’ was given when the item of the PRIASE 2021 checklist was fully reported, whereas a score of ‘0’ was given when an item was not reported; when the item was inadequately or partially reported, a score of ‘0.5’ was given. Based on the overall scores allocated to each manuscript, they were allocated into three categories of reporting quality: low, moderate and high. Associations between study characteristics and reporting quality scores were also analysed. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact tests were used to describe the data and determine associations. The probability value of .05 was selected as the level of statistical significance.ResultsBased on the overall scores, four (8%) and 46 (92%) of the animal studies evaluated were categorized as ‘High’ and ‘Moderate’ reporting quality, respectively. A number of items were adequately reported in all studies related to background (Item 4a), relevance of methods/results (7a) and interpretation of images (11e), whereas only one item related to changes in protocol (6d) was not reported in any. No associations were confirmed between reporting quality scores and number of authors, origin of the corresponding author, journal of publication (endodontic specialty vs. non‐ specialty), impact factor or year of publication.ConclusionsAnimal studies published in the specialty of endodontics were mostly of ‘moderate’ quality in terms of the quality of reporting. Adherence to the PRIASE 2021 guidelines will enhance the reporting of animal studies in the expectation that all future publications will be high quality.
Preparation of oil‐water separation network based on the novel strategies of SiO2 ceramic micro‐nano structure and PDMS modification
Authors: Liu Wei , Zeng Baobao , Yang Gao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, we adopted the novel strategies of the soot template method to construct SiO2 ceramic micro‐nano structure surface and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) modification to reduce the surface energy. We fabricated a superhydrophobic/superoleophilic NS‐PDMS oil–water separation screen by depositing coarse nano‐SiO2 ceramic on the surface of 100‐mesh stainless‐steel screen used as a substrate under the soot template method, which reduced the surface energy with PDMS. The fabricated NS‐PDMS screen exhibited excellent superhydrophobic and self‐cleaning properties. In particular, the superhydrophobic properties were stably maintained under various harsh conditions. Overall, the screen manifested self‐cleaning ability for various water‐containing stains, for example, coffee, milk, beer, and soy sauce. The mechanically damaged screen surface still retained its high roughness, and re‐modification with PDMS could recover the superhydrophobic surface and oil–water separation performance. This suggests the re‐use potential of the damaged NS‐PDMS screen, which is vital for cost reduction and resource recycling. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature, because the fabricated NS‐PDMS screen is superhydrophobic, superoleophilic, resistant toward several water‐based solutions, chemically and mechanically stable under certain conditions, and can be reused with modification and repair after damage. Therefore, this screen can be broadly used as an oil–water separator.
Application of polypropylene carbonate for the tape casting of silicon nitride ceramics
Authors: Dai Jinrong , Hou Qingjian , Duan Yusen , Zhang Jingxian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractQPAC40 (polypropylene carbonate), with a little decomposition residue, is commonly used as a binder in aluminum nitride (AlN) tape casting. In this paper, we tried to explore its application in silicon nitride (Si3N4) tape casting. By studying the influence of dispersant, binder, plasticizer/binder ratio, and solid loading on slurry and green tape properties, the optimum formulation of the tape casting of Si3N4 slurry was determined, and the green tape with a uniform structure and relative density up to 63.16% was prepared. Si3N4 ceramics were obtained by debinding at 600°C for 1 h in vacuum and gas‐pressure sintering at 1830°C for 2 h in N2. The thermal conductivity and flexural strength of Si3N4 ceramics were 56.28 ± 1.21 W/(m·K) and 1130.67 ± 23.58 MPa, respectively. These results indicated that QPAC40 can be used to prepare Si3N4 sheets through tape casting.