Abstract 5162: Discovery of INCB098377: a potent inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ)
Authors: Arias Diana A. , Douglass Stephen , Truong Lisa , Wang Qian , Wang Kathy H. , Yang Gengjie , Hansbury Michael , O’Connor Sybil , Bowman Kevin , Collins Robert , Stubbs Matthew , Hall Leslie , Stevens Christina , Maddage Christopher , Douty Brent , Covington Maryanne , Leffet Lynn , Yue Eddy , Combs Andrew , Kim Sunkyu , Shin Niu , Koblish Holly , Hess Rodrigo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has shown impressive efficacy in patients with inflamed tumors, although minimal activity has been observed in tumors lacking T cells. Myeloid cells are one of the most abundant cell types in both inflamed and non-inflamed tumors, and may contribute to immune checkpoint blockade resistance. The plasticity of macrophages enables them to directly and indirectly modulate T cell responses, and directly kill tumor cells via phagocytosis. This suggests that targeting myeloid cells could be an effective therapeutic approach. Class I PI3Ks are a family of dual specificity lipid and protein kinases. Unlike other class I PI3Ks, PI3Kγ is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells. PI3Kγ has been shown to be a key mediator that drives the immunosuppressive macrophage program by stimulating AKT/mTOR signaling and promote C/EBPβ expression while inhibiting NF-кB activity (Keneda MM. Nature. 2016;17:437-442). Here, we present the discovery and characterization of INCB098377, a potent and selective PI3Kγ inhibitor. Specific inhibition of PI3Kγ with INCB098377 may induce anti-tumor activity by reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment. In cell-based assays, INCB098377 has an IC50 of 1.4 nM and is greater than 100-fold selective over other PI3K isoforms. It also shows a favorable PK profile in several animal species. Treatment of M2 polarized macrophages with INCB098377 resulted in changes towards a more pro-inflammatory phenotype. CD163 and CD206 were decreased, whereas HLA-DR and co-stimulatory CD80/86 molecules were increased. MHC-I expression was unchanged, suggesting a role for these macrophages in MHC-II-mediated antigen presentation. Furthermore, INCB098377 treatment reduced macrophage-mediated immunosuppression and restored T cell proliferation in M2 polarized macrophages co-cultured with allogeneic human T cells. In vivo, significant tumor growth inhibition was observed with once-daily dosing of 10 mg/kg INCB098377 in both syngeneic and humanized mouse tumor models without toxicity. Moreover, efficacy was observed in inflamed and non-inflamed tumor models. Consistent with the proposed mechanism of action, INCB098377 inhibited phospho-AKT levels in vivo and in human PBMCs. Treatment with INCB098377 induced pro-inflammatory responses without macrophage depletion suggests that robust tumor microenvironment changes are responsible for observed anti-tumor efficacy. In addition, INCB098377 inhibited neutrophil migration in the Carrageenan-induced paw inflammation model. INCB098377, a potent and selective inhibitor of PI3Kγ, shows effective anti-tumor activity in a variety of mouse and humanized cancer models through the inhibition of immunosuppressive cells trafficking into the tumor, modulation of myeloid cell function, and enhancement of T cell proliferation.
Acknowledgments: Diana Alvarez Arias and Stephen Douglass contributed equally to this study.
Citation Format: Diana A. Arias, Stephen Douglass, Lisa Truong, Qian Wang, Kathy H. Wang, Gengjie Yang, Michael Hansbury, Sybil O’Connor, Kevin Bowman, Robert Collins, Matthew Stubbs, Leslie Hall, Christina Stevens, Christopher Maddage, Brent Douty, Maryanne Covington, Lynn Leffet, Eddy Yue, Andrew Combs, Sunkyu Kim, Niu Shin, Holly Koblish, Rodrigo Hess. Discovery of INCB098377: a potent inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5162.