bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Psychologists in Men’s English Football Academies Evaluate Their Working Context and Adopt an Appropriate Professional Practice Framework
Authors: Feddersen Niels Boysen , Champ Francesca , Sæther Stig Arve , Littlewood Martin 
Published: June 2023

This study examined how psychologists working in men’s English football academies evaluate their working context when choosing a professional practice framework for guiding applied psychology provisions. Sixteen psychologists—six women and 10 men—participated in two semistructured interviews. A stepwise inductive–deductive approach in the analysis was used. The authors found that 13 of the psychologists adopted humanistic psychology as their guiding framework. In exploring the reasoning, three categories were developed: (a) motives for choosing a humanistic approach, (b) challenges when applying a humanistic approach, and (c) perpetuating stigma and restrictive assumptions regarding sport psychology. The study shows that humanistic psychology might be an effective approach to countering some dehumanizing features in the current English academy context (e.g., an overreliance on metrics). However, the Premier League, the Football Association, and other governing football organizations should notice the drawbacks of how psychologists sometimes must collude with the current system to establish psychology in the academy before later expanding provisions.
Context matters for disability and priority setting for musculoskeletal diseases: revisiting the egalitarian approach to disability weights and disability-adjusted life-years
Authors: Pigeolet Manon , Franco Helena , Nussbaum Lisa , Corlew Daniel Scott , Meara John G 
Published: June 2023

Health metrics have evolved with increasing sophistication. The disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) has emerged as a widely used metric. While DALYs vary between countries, the global disability weights (DWs) that are integral to the DALY ignore the potential impact of local factors on the burden of disease. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), a spectrum of hip pathologies, typically develops during early childhood and is a leading cause of early hip osteoarthritis. This paper explores the variability in the DW for DDH in relation to to local health environments using select health system indicators.The DW for DDH increases with decreasing income level of countries. The Human Development Index and the Gross Domestic Product per capita are both negatively correlated with (p<0.05) the DW for DDH per country. For the indicators surgical workforce, surgical procedures and hospital beds per 1000 population, there is a significant negative correlation in countries not meeting the minimum standard of that indicator (p<0.05), while for countries meeting that minimum standard, the correlation between DW for DDH and the respective indicator is not significantly different from zero.Consideration should be given to re-establishing the DWs for health entities in countries that do not meet the minimum standards of a functional health system. This would more accurately reflect the burden of disease from a functional perspective in LMICs, and perhaps allow for more informed priority setting within LMICs and for donors. The establishment of these DWs should not start from scratch; our data suggest that the variability in DWs due to context can most likely be modelled using health system and financial protection indicators already in use today.
Prevalence of post-dialysis fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dou Junkai , Liu Huan , Ma Yuan , Wu Ying-ying , Tao Xiu-bin 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to synthesise data on the prevalence of post-dialysis fatigue (PDF) among haemodialysis (HD) patients.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesChina National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Biological Medical Database, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from their inception to 1 April 2022.Eligibility criteriaWe selected patients who must receive HD treatment for at least 3 months. Cross-sectional or cohort studies published in Chinese or English were eligible for inclusion. The main search terms used in the abstract were: “renal dialysis”, “hemodialysis” and “post-dialysis”, in combination with the word “fatigue”.Data extraction and synthesisTwo investigators independently performed data extraction and quality assessment. Data were pooled to estimate the overall prevalence of PDF among HD patients using the random-effects model. Cochran’s Q and I2statistics were adopted to evaluate heterogeneity.ResultA total of 12 studies were included, with 2152 HD patients, of which 1215 were defined as having PDF. The overall prevalence of PDF in HD patients was 61.0% (95% CI: 53.6% to 68.3%, p<0.001, I2=90.0%). Subgroup analysis failed to explain the source of heterogeneity, but univariable meta-regression showed that a mean age of ≥50 years might be the source of heterogeneity. Egger’s test revealed no publication bias among the studies (p=0.144).ConclusionsPDF is highly prevalent among HD patients.
Approaches to consent in public health research in secondary schools
Authors: Bonell Chris , Humphrey Neil , Singh Ilina , Viner Russell M , Ford Tamsin 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesWe assess different approaches to seeking consent in research in secondary schools.DesignWe review evidence on seeking active versus passive parent/carer consent on participant response rates and profiles. We explore the legal and regulatory requirements governing student and parent/carer consent in the UK.ResultsEvidence demonstrates that requiring parent/carer active consent reduces response rates and introduces selection biases, which impact the rigour of research and hence its usefulness for assessing young people’s needs. There is no evidence on the impacts of seeking active versus passive student consent but this is likely to be marginal when researchers are directly in communication with students in schools. There is no legal requirement to seek active parent/carer consent for children’s involvement in research on non-medicinal intervention or observational studies. Such research is instead covered by common law, which indicates that it is acceptable to seek students’ own active consent when they are judged competent. General data protection regulation legislation does not change this. It is generally accepted that most secondary school students age 11+ are competent to provide their own consent for interventions though this should be assessed individually.ConclusionAllowing parent/carer opt-out rights recognises their autonomy while giving primacy to student autonomy. In the case of intervention research, most interventions are delivered at the level of the school so consent can only practically be sought from head teachers. Where interventions are individually targeted, seeking student active consent for these should be considered where feasible.
Feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of virtual reality as a patient education tool for people with cancer undergoing immunotherapy: a protocol for a randomised controlled pilot study in a regional setting
Authors: van der Kruk Shannen R , Gunn Kate M , MacDougall Hamish , Milne Donna , Smith Katherine , Zielinski Rob 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPatient education is a critical component of healthcare delivery. However, medical information and knowledge are complex and can be difficult for patients and families to comprehend when delivered verbally. The use of virtual reality (VR) to convey medical information to patients may bridge this communication gap and lead to more effective patient education. It may be of increased value to those with low health literacy and levels of patient activation, in rural and regional settings. The objective of this randomised, single-centre pilot study is to examine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of VR as an education tool for people with cancer. The results will provide data to inform the feasibility of a future randomised controlled trial, including sample size calculations.Methods and analysisPatients with cancer undergoing immunotherapy will be recruited. A total of 36 patients will be recruited and randomised to one of three trial arms. Participants will be randomised 1:1:1 to receive VR, a two-dimensional video or standard care (ie, verbal communication and information leaflets). Feasibility will be assessed by recruitment rate, practicality, acceptability, usability and related adverse events. The potential impact of VR on patient-reported outcomes (ie, perceived information provision quality, knowledge about immunotherapy and patient activation) will be assessed and stratified by information coping style (ie, monitors vs blunters) whenever statistical analyses are significant. The patient-reported outcomes will be measured at baseline, post-intervention and 2 weeks post-intervention. In addition, semistructured interviews will be conducted with health professionals and participants randomised to the VR trial arm, to further explore acceptability and feasibility.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Greater Western Human Research Ethics Committee, New South Wales Local Health District (2022/ETH01760). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Findings will be disseminated via relevant conference presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12622001473752.
Injured worker outcomes after compensation system overhaul: an interrupted time series study
Authors: Lane Tyler J , Di Donato Michael F , Collie Alex 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveIn 2015, South Australia replaced its workers’ compensation system with the aim of improving return to work rates. We examined whether this was achieved by focusing on the duration of time off work, as well as claim processing times and claim volumes to understand how this may have been achieved.MethodsThe primary outcome was mean weeks of compensated disability duration. Secondary outcomes tested alternative mechanisms of a change in disability duration: (1) mean employer report and insurer decision times to evaluate whether there had been changes in claim processing and (2) claim volumes to determine whether the new system altered the cohort under investigation. Outcomes were aggregated into monthly units and analysed with an interrupted time series design. Three condition subgroups—injury, disease and mental health—were compared in separate analyses.ResultsWhile disability duration steadily declined before theRTW Actcame into effect, afterwards it flatlined. A similar effect was observed in insurer decision time. Claim volumes gradually increased. Employer report time gradually decreased. Condition subgroups mostly followed a similar pattern to overall claims, though the increase in insurer decision time appears largely driven by changes in injury claims.ConclusionsThe increase in disability duration after theRTW Acttook effect may be attributable to an increase in insurer decision time, which itself could be due to the disruption of overhauling a compensation system or the elimination of provisional liability entitlements that incentivised early decision making and provided early intervention.
Clinical evaluation of pulsatile tinnitus: history and physical examination techniques to predict vascular etiology
Authors: Cummins Daniel D , Caton M Travis , Hemphill Kafi , Lamboy Allison , Tu-Chan Adelyn , Meisel Karl , Narsinh Kazim H , Amans Matthew R 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundPulsatile tinnitus (PT) may be due to a spectrum of cerebrovascular etiologies, ranging from benign venous turbulence to life threatening dural arteriovenous fistulas. A focused clinical history and physical examination provide clues to the ultimate diagnosis; however, the predictive accuracy of these features in determining PT etiology remains uncertain.MethodsPatients with clinical PT evaluation and DSA were included. The final etiology of PT after DSA was categorized as shunting, venous, arterial, or non-vascular. Clinical variables were compared between etiologies using multivariate logistic regression, and performance at predicting PT etiology was determined by area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC).Results164 patients were included. On multivariate analysis, patient reported high pitch PT (relative risk (RR) 33.81; 95% CI 3.81 to 882.80) compared with exclusively low pitch PT and presence of a bruit on physical examination (9.95; 2.04 to 62.08; P=0.007) were associated with shunting PT. Hearing loss was associated with a lower risk of shunting PT (0.16; 0.03 to 0.79; P=0.029). Alleviation of PT with ipsilateral lateral neck pressure was associated with a higher risk of venous PT (5.24; 1.62 to 21.01; P=0.010). An AUROC of 0.882 was achieved for predicting the presence or absence of a shunt and 0.751 for venous PT.ConclusionIn patients with PT, clinical history and physical examination can achieve high performance at detecting a shunting lesion. Potentially treatable venous etiologies may also be suggested by relief with neck compression.
Parity-odd 3-point functions from CFT in momentum space and the chiral anomaly
Authors: Corianò Claudio , Lionetti Stefano , Maglio Matteo Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe illustrate how the Conformal Ward Identities (CWI) in momentum space for parity-odd correlators determine the structure of a chiral anomaly interaction, taking the example of the VVA (vector/vector/axial-vector) and AAA correlators in momentum space. Only the conservation and the anomalous WIs, together with the Bose symmetry, are imposed from the outset for the determination of the correlators. We use a longitudinal/transverse decomposition of tensor structures and form factors. The longitudinal (L) component is fixed by the anomaly content and the anomaly pole, while in the transverse (T) sector we define a new parameterization. We relate the latter both to the Rosenberg original representation of the VVA and to the longitudinal/transverse (L/T) one, first introduced in the analysis of $$g-2$$

g
-
2

of the muon in the investigation of the diagram in the chiral limit of QCD. The correlators are completely identified by the conformal constraints whose solutions are fixed only by the anomaly coefficient, the residue of the anomaly pole. In both cases, our CFT result matches the one-loop perturbative expression, as expected. The CWIs for correlators of mixed chirality $$J_L J J_R$$

J
L

J

J
R

generate solutions in agreement with the all-orders nonrenormalization theorems of perturbative QCD and in the chiral limit.
PTEN Loss Confers Resistance to Anti–PD-1 Therapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer by Increasing Tumor Infiltration of Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Exposito Francisco , Redrado Miriam , Houry Maeva , Hastings Katherine , Molero-Abraham Magdalena , Lozano Teresa , Solorzano Jose Luis , Sanz-Ortega Julian , Adradas Vera , Amat Ramon , Redin Esther , Leon Sergio , Legarra Naroa , Garcia Javier , Serrano Diego , Valencia Karmele , Robles-Oteiza Camila , Foggetti Giorgia , Otegui Nerea , Felip Enriqueta , Lasarte Juan J. , Paz-Ares Luis , Zugazagoitia Jon , Politi Katerina , Montuenga Luis , Calvo Alfonso 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Immunotherapy resistance in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be mediated by an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which can be shaped by the mutational landscape of the tumor. Here, we observed genetic alterations in the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or loss of PTEN expression in &gt;25% of patients with NSCLC, with higher frequency in lung squamous carcinomas (LUSC). Patients with PTEN-low tumors had higher levels of PD-L1 and PD-L2 and showed worse progression-free survival when treated with immunotherapy. Development of a Pten-null LUSC mouse model revealed that tumors with PTEN loss were refractory to antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (anti–PD-1), highly metastatic and fibrotic, and secreted TGFβ/CXCL10 to promote conversion of CD4+ lymphocytes into regulatory T cells (Treg). Human and mouse PTEN-low tumors were enriched in Tregs and expressed higher levels of immunosuppressive genes. Importantly, treatment of mice bearing Pten-null tumors with TLR agonists and anti-TGFβ antibody aimed to alter this immunosuppressive microenvironment and led to tumor rejection and immunologic memory in 100% of mice. These results demonstrate that lack of PTEN causes immunotherapy resistance in LUSCs by establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that can be reversed therapeutically.

Significance:
PTEN loss leads to the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in lung cancer that confers resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy, which can be overcome by targeting PTEN loss–mediated immunosuppression.
Targeting KDM2A Enhances T-cell Infiltration in NSD1-Deficient Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Chen , Shin June Ho , Fang Zhuoqing , Brennan Kevin , Horowitz Nina B. , Pfaff Kathleen L. , Welsh Emma L. , Rodig Scott J. , Gevaert Olivier , Gozani Or , Uppaluri Ravindra , Sunwoo John B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a significant proportion of tumors have inactivating mutations in the histone methyltransferase NSD1. In these tumors, NSD1 inactivation is a driver of T-cell exclusion from the tumor microenvironment (TME). A better understanding of the NSD1-mediated mechanism regulating infiltration of T cells into the TME could help identify approaches to overcome immunosuppression. Here, we demonstrated that NSD1 inactivation results in lower levels of H3K36 dimethylation and higher levels of H3K27 trimethylation, the latter being a known repressive histone mark enriched on the promoters of key T-cell chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10. HNSCC with NSD1 mutations had lower levels of these chemokines and lacked responses to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade. Inhibition of KDM2A, the primary lysine demethylase that is selective for H3K36, reversed the altered histone marks induced by NSD1 loss and restored T-cell infiltration into the TME. Importantly, KDM2A suppression decreased growth of NSD1-deficient tumors in immunocompetent, but not in immunodeficient, mice. Together, these data indicate that KDM2A is an immunotherapeutic target for overcoming immune exclusion in HNSCC.

Significance:
The altered epigenetic landscape of NSD1-deficient tumors confers sensitivity to inhibition of the histone-modifying enzyme KDM2A as an immunotherapeutic strategy to stimulate T-cell infiltration and suppress tumor growth.
Sex-specific Associations between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Incidence among Korean Adults
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Nam , Kim Kyungsik , Lee Sangjun , Park Sue K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:The potential differences by sex in the association between body mass index (BMI) and thyroid cancer risk remain unconfirmed.Methods:Data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS; 2002–2015; population size = 510,619) and the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort (KMCC) data (1993–2015; population size = 19,026) were used. We constructed Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, to evaluate the association between BMI and thyroid cancer incidence in each cohort, and assessed the consistency of the results.Results:In the NHIS-HEALS, 1,351 and 4,609 incident thyroid cancer cases occurred during the follow-up among men and women, respectively. Compared with BMI of 18.5–22.9 kg/m2, BMI of 23.0–24.9 [no. of cases = 410; HR, 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–1.44], 25.0–29.9 (no. of cases = 522; HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15–1.51), and ≥30.0 kg/m2 (no. of cases = 48; HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.42–2.61) were associated with an increased risk of incident thyroid cancer among males. Among females, BMI of 23.0–24.9 (no. of cases = 1,300; HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09–1.26) and 25.0–29.9 (no. of cases = 1,406; HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.11–1.29) were associated with incident thyroid cancer. The analyses using the KMCC demonstrated results consistent with wider CIs.Conclusions:Sex differences in the associations between BMI and thyroid cancer incidence were observed in Korean cohorts.Impact:BMI &lt;23 kg/m2 may help prevent incident thyroid cancer, especially among men.
Vincristine Enhances the Efficacy of MEK Inhibitors in Preclinical Models of KRAS-mutant Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ghosh Susmita , Fan Fan , Powell Reid T. , Roszik Jason , Park Yong Sung , Stephan Clifford , Sebastian Manu , Tan Lin , Sorokin Alexey V. , Lorenzi Philip L. , Kopetz Scott , Ellis Lee M. , Bhattacharya Rajat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMutations in KRAS are found in more than 50% of tumors from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, direct targeting of most KRAS mutations is difficult; even the recently developed KRASG12C inhibitors failed to show significant benefit in patients with mCRC. Single agents targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), a downstream mediator of RAS, have also been ineffective in colorectal cancer. To identify drugs that can enhance the efficacy of MEK inhibitors, we performed unbiased high-throughput screening using colorectal cancer spheroids. We used trametinib as the anchor drug and examined combinations of trametinib with the NCI-approved Oncology Library version 5. The initial screen, and following focused validation screens, identified vincristine as being strongly synergistic with trametinib. In vitro, the combination strongly inhibited cell growth, reduced clonogenic survival, and enhanced apoptosis compared with monotherapies in multiple KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cell lines. Furthermore, this combination significantly inhibited tumor growth, reduced cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis in multiple KRAS-mutant patient-derived xenograft mouse models. In vivo studies using drug doses that reflect clinically achievable doses demonstrated that the combination was well tolerated by mice. We further determined that the mechanism underlying the synergistic effect of the combination was due to enhanced intracellular accumulation of vincristine associated with MEK inhibition. The combination also significantly decreased p-mTOR levels in vitro, indicating that it inhibits both RAS-RAF-MEK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR survival pathways. Our data thus provide strong evidence that the combination of trametinib and vincristine represents a novel therapeutic option to be studied in clinical trials for patients with KRAS-mutant mCRC.Significance:Our unbiased preclinical studies have identified vincristine as an effective combination partner for the MEK inhibitor trametinib and provide a novel therapeutic option to be studied in patients with KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer.