bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welding investigations on mechanical property and microstructure of TIG and A-TIG Weld of Hastelloy C-276
Authors: Singh Aman , Singh Vivek , Singh Ajay Pratap , Ashutosh Som , Patel Dixit 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hastelloy C-276 is a nickel-based alloy with high strength and corrosion resistance at cryogenic to high temperatures. The issue of Hastelloy C-276 shallow penetration by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding was addressed in the current investigation by applying A-TIG welding with variable oxide flux. In the current investigation, constant welding conditions were used to perform TIG and A-TIG welding using SiO2, TiO2, and a 50% mixture of SiO2 + TiO2 flux. The weld bead width and depth of penetration of the weld bead profile were measured, and the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the weld metal was investigated. SiO2 flux attained the highest D/W ratio and depth of penetration during A-TIG welding when compared to other fluxes used. A-TIG welding using SiO2 flux improved the depth of penetration and the D/W ratio by 118% and 263%, respectively, in comparison with conventional TIG welding. Additionally, the A-TIG welded sample with SiO2 flux had an ultimate tensile strength of 738.295 MPa and a percentage of elongation of 52.75%.
Formation of trade networks by economies of scale and product differentiation
Authors: Han Chengyuan , Schröder Malte , Witthaut Dirk , Böttcher Philipp C 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Understanding the structure and formation of networks is a central topic in complexity science. Economic networks are formed by decisions of individual agents and thus not properly described by established random graph models. In this article, we establish a model for the emergence of trade networks that is based on rational decisions of individual agents. The model incorporates key drivers for the emergence of trade, comparative advantage and economic scale effects, but also the heterogeneity of agents and the transportation or transaction costs. Numerical simulations show three macroscopically different regimes of the emerging trade networks. Depending on the specific transportation costs and the heterogeneity of individual preferences, we find centralized production with a star-like trade network, distributed production with all-to-all trading or local production and no trade. Using methods from statistical mechanics, we provide an analytic theory of the transitions between these regimes and estimates for critical parameters values.
Simulation-based inference of single-molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Dingeldein Lars , Cossio Pilar , Covino Roberto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Single-molecule force spectroscopy (smFS) is a powerful approach to studying molecular self-organization. However, the coupling of the molecule with the ever-present experimental device introduces artifacts, that complicate the interpretation of these experiments. Performing statistical inference to learn hidden molecular properties is challenging because these measurements produce non-Markovian time series, and even minimal models lead to intractable likelihoods. To overcome these challenges, we developed a computational framework built on novel statistical methods called simulation-based inference (SBI). SBI enabled us to directly estimate the Bayesian posterior, and extract reduced quantitative models from smFS, by encoding a mechanistic model into a simulator in combination with probabilistic deep learning. Using synthetic data, we could systematically disentangle the measurement of hidden molecular properties from experimental artifacts. The integration of physical models with machine-learning density estimation is general, transparent, easy to use, and broadly applicable to other types of biophysical experiments.
Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Evaluation: A Study of Facial Rejuvenation Techniques
Authors: Hebel Nathan S D , Boonipat Thanapoom , Lin Jason , Shapiro Daniel , Bite Uldis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Aesthetic facial surgeries historically rely on subjective analysis in determining success; this limits objective comparison of surgical outcomes.

Objectives
This case study exemplifies the use of an artificial intelligence software on objectively analyzing facial rejuvenation techniques with the aim of reducing subjective bias.

Methods
Retrospectively, all patients who underwent facial rejuvenation surgery with concomitant procedures from 2015 to 2017 were included (n = 32). Patients were categorized into Groups A to C: Group A—10 superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) plication facelift (n = 10), Group B—SMASectomy facelift (n = 7), and Group C—high SMAS facelift (n = 15). Neutral repose images preoperatively and postoperatively (average &gt;3 months) were analyzed using artificial intelligence for emotion and action unit alterations.

Results
Postoperatively, Group A experienced a decrease in happiness by 0.84% and a decrease in anger by 6.87% (P &gt;&gt; .1). Group B had an increase in happiness by 0.77% and an increase in anger by 1.91% (P &gt;&gt; .1). Both Group A and Group B did not show any discernable action unit patterns. In Group C, the lip corner puller AU increased in average intensity from 0% to 18.7%. This correlated with an average increase in detected happiness from 1.03% to 13.17% (P = .008). Conversely, the average detected anger decreased from 14.66% to 0.63% (P = .032).

Conclusions
This study provides the first proof of concept for the use of a machine learning software application to objectively assess various aesthetic surgical outcomes in facial rejuvenation. Due to limitations in patient heterogeneity, this study does not claim one technique's superiority but serves as a conceptual foundation for future investigation.

Level of Evidence: 4
Cerebrospinal fluid and positron-emission tomography biomarkers for noradrenergic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lancini Elisa , Haag Lena , Bartl Franziska , Rühling Maren , Ashton Nicholas J , Zetterberg Henrik , Düzel Emrah , Hämmerer Dorothea , Betts Matthew J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The noradrenergic system shows pathological modifications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases and undergoes substantial neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. While a coherent picture of structural decline in post-mortem and in vivo MRI measures seems to emerge, whether this translates into a consistent decline in available noradrenaline levels is unclear.
We conducted a meta-analysis of noradrenergic differences in Alzheimer’s disease dementia and Parkinson’s disease using CSF and PET biomarkers.
CSF noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol levels as well as noradrenaline transporters availability, measured with PET, were summarized from 26 articles using a random-effects model meta-analysis.
Compared to controls, individuals with Parkinson’s disease showed significantly decreased levels of CSF noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, as well as noradrenaline transporters availability in the hypothalamus. In Alzheimer’s disease dementia, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol but not noradrenaline levels were increased compared to controls.
Both CSF and PET biomarkers of noradrenergic dysfunction reveal significant alterations in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease dementia. However, further studies are required to understand how these biomarkers are associated to the clinical symptoms and pathology.
Smart component monitoring system increases the efficiency of photovoltaic plants
Authors: Yazdani Hassan , Radmehr Mehdi , Ghorbani Alireza 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Due to the increasing expansion of renewable energy, especially the widespread installation of solar power plants worldwide, to better exploit and increase the efficiency and quality of power generation, we need to closely monitor the performance of important components of the plant. In this study, using an innovative smart monitoring system and electronic sensors, we monitored components such as power in photovoltaic (PV) arrays in real time, including the phenomenon of hot spots as an example of power loss in PV panels. Detection of hot spots is very difficult to deal with in a large power plant. The results also demonstrated smart monitoring that increased detection speed and increased the efficiency rate per supervisory technician by ≤36% compared with the previous efficiency rate, which was 10% per technical staff, and increased the quality of the operation of each solar power plant. In this paper, meteorological data were coordinated with research data to validate the research. Furthermore, to compare the results of using the smart monitoring method with the conventional observation method, a complete diagram of a 5-kW solar system in MATLAB® 2018 was simulated and output diagrams were presented. Finally, to provide a comprehensive validation, our research results were compared with technical data obtained from a local 5-kW solar power plant located in Sari, Iran (36°33ʹ48″N, 53°03ʹ36″E) with an average annual irradiation of 1490 kWh/m2. When the simulation results and research are analysed, it is clear that the smart and real-time monitoring approach brings various benefits to solar power plants.
Experimental analysis on calcination and carbonation process in calcium looping for CO2 capture: study case of cement plants in Indonesia
Authors: Setia Febriatna Triya , Setyo Darmanto Prihadi , Bagja Juangsa Firman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is the main contributor to greenhouse gases that affect global warming. The industrial sector is the third largest producer of CO2 and the cement industry is one of the industries that consistently produces the most significant CO2 emissions. The cement industry produces 5–8% of global CO2 emissions. Several methods for reducing specific CO2 emissions have been reported in the cement industry, including calcium looping, which uses the reversible reaction between calcination [calcium carbonate (CaCO3) decomposition] and carbonation [CO2 capture by calcium oxide (CaO)]. This work investigates calcium looping employing limestone obtained directly from several cement factories in Indonesia to observe the carbon-absorption characteristics of limestone from different mining locations. The experiment was carried out using a tube furnace equipped with a controlled atmospheric condition that functions as a calciner and a carbonator. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy characterization were conducted to analyse the changes in the experimental samples. The results demonstrated that the reactor configuration was capable of performing the calcination process, which converted CaCO3 to calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], as well as the carbonation process, which captured carbon and converted it back to CaCO3. Parametric analysis was performed on both reactions, including pressure, temperature, duration, particle size and reaction atmosphere. The results show that the limestone obtained from all sites can be used as the sorbents for the calcium-looping process with an average reactivity of 59.01%. Limestone from cement plants in various parts of Indonesia has the potential to be used as carbon sorbents in calcium-looping technology. With a similar CO2 concentration as the flue gas of 16.67%, the experimental results show that Bayah limestone has the maximum reactivity, as shown by the highest carbon-content addition of 12.15 wt% and has the highest CO2-capture capability up to &gt;75% per mole of Ca(OH)2 as a sorbent. Similar levels of the ability to capture CO2 per mole of Ca(OH)2 can be found in other limestones, ranging from 14.85% to 34.07%. The results show a promising performance of raw limestones from different mining sites, allowing further study and observation of the possibility of CO2 emission reduction in the sustainable cement-production process.
Allocation and sizing of reactive power compensators considering PV power and load demand uncertainty using beetle-antenna grey wolf optimization
Authors: Elazab Rasha , Ser-Alkhatm M , Abu Adma Maged A , Abdel-Latif K M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDistributed photovoltaic (PV) systems play an important role in supplying many recent microgrids. The absence of reactive power support for these small-scale PV plants increases total microgrid losses and voltage-instability threats. Reactive power compensations (RPCs) should be integrated to enhance both microgrid losses and voltage profiles. RPC planning is a non-linear, complicated problem. In this paper, a combined RPC allocation and sizing algorithm is proposed. The RPC-integrating buses are selected using a new adaptive approach of loss sensitivity analysis. In the sizing process, the uncertainties in PV power and load demand are modelled using proper probability density functions. Three simulation techniques for handling uncertainties are compared to define the accurate and fast accurate method as follows: Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), scenario tree construction and reduction method, and point estimation method (PEM). The load flow equations are solved using the forward–backward sweep method. RPCs are optimally sized using the beetle-antenna-based strategy with grey wolf optimization (BGWO) to overcome the local minima problem that appeared in the other pre-proposed methods. Results have been compared using particle swarm optimization and conventional GWO. The proposed model is verified using the IEEE 33 radial bus system. The expected power loss has been reduced by 22% and 31% using compensation of 26% and 44%, respectively. The results obtained prove that the BGWO optimal power flow and PEM to handle the uncertainty can significantly reduce the computation time with sufficient accuracy. Under the study conditions, PEM reduces the computation time to 4 minutes compared with 4 hours for MCS, with only a 3% error compared with MCS as an uncertainty benchmark method.
Spermidine Ameliorates Colitis via Induction of Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages and Prevention of Intestinal Dysbiosis
Authors: Niechcial Anna , Schwarzfischer Marlene , Wawrzyniak Marcin , Atrott Kirstin , Laimbacher Andrea , Morsy Yasser , Katkeviciute Egle , Häfliger Janine , Westermann Patrick , Akdis Cezmi A , Scharl Michael , Spalinger Marianne R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Exacerbated immune activation, intestinal dysbiosis and a disrupted intestinal barrier are common features among inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients. The polyamine spermidine, which is naturally present in all living organisms, is an integral component of the human diet, and exerts beneficial effects in human diseases. Here, we investigated whether spermidine treatment ameliorates intestinal inflammation and offers therapeutic potential for IBD treatment.

Methods
We assessed the effect of oral spermidine administration on colitis severity in the T cell transfer colitis model in Rag2−/− mice by endoscopy, histology and analysis of markers of molecular inflammation. The effects on the intestinal microbiome were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing of mouse faeces. The impact on intestinal barrier integrity was evaluated in co-cultures of patient-derived macrophages with intestinal epithelial cells.

Results
Spermidine administration protected mice from intestinal inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. While T helper cell subsets remained unaffected, spermidine promoted anti-inflammatory macrophages and prevented the microbiome shift from Firmicutes and Bacteroides to Proteobacteria, maintaining a healthy gut microbiome. Consistent with spermidine as a potent activator of the anti-inflammatory molecule protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 [PTPN2], its colitis-protective effect was dependent on PTPN2 in intestinal epithelial cells and in myeloid cells. The loss of PTPN2 in epithelial and myeloid cells, but not in T cells, abrogated the barrier-protective, anti-inflammatory effect of spermidine and prevented the anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages.

Conclusion
Spermidine reduces intestinal inflammation by promoting anti-inflammatory macrophages, maintaining a healthy microbiome and preserving epithelial barrier integrity in a PTPN2-dependent manner.
A case report of truncus arteriosus with intact ventricular septum and crossed branch pulmonary arteries
Authors: Davidson Hannah , Seco Michael , Asakai Hiroko , Liava’a Matthew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTruncus arteriosus (TA) or persistent arterial trunk describes the presence of a solitary arterial trunk arising from the base of the heart, supported by a common ventriculoarterial junction. The trunk gives rise to the coronary arteries, systemic arteries, and at least one pulmonary artery. Truncus arteriosus is a rare congenital cardiac disease, and even rarer is the absence of ventricular septal defect.Case summaryWe report a case of a 2-day-old infant who presented with cyanosis and a cardiac murmur. He was diagnosed with TA with intact ventricular septum (IVS), as well as crossed pulmonary arteries which was identified on pre-operative imaging. We describe the surgical management and short-term follow-up.DiscussionOur clinical case demonstrates a unique diagnosis and management of TA with IVS identified by pre-operative imaging with good surgical outcome.
Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry
Authors: Liang Yannis Yan , Feng Hongliang , Chen Yilin , Jin Xinyi , Xue Huachen , Zhou Mingqing , Ma Huan , Ai Sizhi , Wing Yun-Kwok , Geng Qingshan , Zhang Jihui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the joint association of accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sleep duration with mortality risk.

Methods and results
A 7-day accelerometer recording was performed on 92 221 participants (age 62.4 ± 7.8 years; 56.4% women) from the UK Biobank between February 2013 and December 2015. We divided sleep duration into three groups (short, normal, and long), total volume of PA into three levels according to tertiles (high, intermediate, low), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) into two groups based on the World Health Organization guidelines. The mortality outcomes were prospectively collected through the death registry. Over a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 3080 adults died, of which 1074 died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 1871 from cancer. The associations of PA and sleep duration with mortality risk were all in a curvilinear dose–response pattern (Pnonlinearity &lt;0.001). PA and sleep duration had additive and multiplicative interactions on mortality risk (Pinteraction &lt;0.05). Compared with the participants with guideline-recommended MVPA and normal sleep duration, those without recommended MVPA but having short or long sleep duration were at a higher risk for all-cause mortality [short sleep: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61–2.20; long sleep: HR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.49–1.90]. A higher volume of PA or recommended MVPA attenuated the detrimental effects of short or long sleep duration on all-cause and CVD mortality risks.

Conclusion
MVPA meeting recommendations or a higher volume of PA at any intensity potentially diminished the adverse effects on all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with short and long sleep duration.
Gender, Christianity, and Peace in Chinese Women's International Thought 1914–1953
Authors: Bond Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper uncovers the various understandings of peace formulated by Chinese Christian women in the period from the First World War to the Korean War Armistice (1914–1953). In both the literature on Christianity in China and the histories of the national and international women's movements, Chinese Christian women have been subjected to multiple exclusions based on their race, class, gender, and religious identity. Drawing on the memoirs and writings of key Chinese Christian women thinkers active in international women's and Christian networks such as Deng Yuzhi 鄧欲志 and Zeng Baosun 曾寶蓀, as well as all less well-known female students writing in missionary school yearbooks, I dissect how Chinese Christian women variously constructed and deployed their own understanding of peace. How did they appropriate, adapt, or reject the rhetoric of “sisterhood” and maternalist arguments about women's supposed peace-making faculties circulating in the international women's movement for their own purposes? How did they fuse Christianity with early twentieth-century interpretations of Confucian ideas about peace and racial harmony? In what ways did Chinese Christian women active in Communist and Nationalist networks seek to deploy their own understanding of a “Just Peace” during the Second Sino-Japanese War and Korean War? Chinese Christian women's formulations of peace can help us to critically rethink European-centered chronologies of the women's movement and history of women's international thought.
Worlding Encounters: Indian Spirituality and Anti-Colonialism in the Life and Thoughts of “the Mother” (Mirra Alfassa)
Authors: Bajpai Ravi Dutt , Parashar Swati 
Published: March 2023

AbstractColonialisms of the nineteenth century resulted in lasting encounters between the East and West. Indian spiritual and religious renaissance, along with social reform movements during this period (inspired by Bhakti or personal devotion to God and self-realization in Vedanta teachings), attracted several western seekers and thinkers to India. Among them was Mirra Alfassa (February 21, 1878–November 17, 1973), a French woman, who was attracted to Eastern philosophy. She joined the revolutionary turned spiritual master, Sri Aurobindo, at Pondicherry, a French enclave, and continued to live in post-independent India for 26 years after 1947. In this paper, we trace Mirra Alfassa's journey from a spiritual seeker to being anointed as “the Mother”, the head of the Aurobindo Ashram. We explore how her pursuit of internationalism, cosmopolitanism, and universal values aligned her with the cultural, religious, and spiritual dimensions of India's nationalist movement and postcolonial nation-building. We hope to contribute to the wider discussions about women in international thought and how such international collaborations (as in the case of Mirra Alfassa) worked to achieve the nationalist goals for political, social, and cultural revival both during and after the independence movement in India.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Women and the History of International Thought
Authors: Hutchings Kimberly , Owens Patricia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis Special Issue takes forward themes and arguments from previous work on historical women's international thought, but it also points in a range of new research directions for this thriving interdisciplinary field. Notably, through its silences and aporia, as well as through its substantive content, the Special Issue as a whole speaks to the need to genuinely globalize our understanding of women's international thought, its international and transnational conditions of possibility, and its role in the coconstitution of gendered and racialized imaginaries of how international relations works.