bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous crosslinking and foaming of ethylene‐propylene diene terpolymers (EPDM) organoclay composite foams
Authors: Gupta Arvind , Jonoobi Mehdi , Mekonnen Tizazu H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study used ethylene‐propylene diene monomers (EPDM), an elastomer, to develop foams incorporating clay as filler using simple compounding, chemical foaming, and peroxide‐mediated light crosslinking methods. The low‐temperature batch mixer was employed for compounding azodicarbonamide (ADC) as a foaming agent, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a crosslinker, followed by compression molding for sheet preparation and the high‐temperature foaming process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) equipped with a hot stage attenuated total reflection (ATR) was employed to elucidate the ADC decomposition and foaming. The DCP (0.25 phr) content was optimized based on the foaming expansion ratio (>4) and stability, which was further optimized in conjuncture with clay to generate high‐performance composite foams. The incorporation of 1% organoclay enhances the expansion ratio and specific tensile strength by >7 and ~ 270%, respectively, compared with EPDM foams without clay while displaying a density of 0.11 g/cm3. Overall, the developed foaming process can be extended to other elastomeric polymers for various applications such as protective gears (e.g., helmets and shin guards), thermal/sound insulation, packaging/containment, footwear soles, oil absorption, etc.
What can hippopotamus isotopes tell us about past distributions of C4 grassy biomes on Madagascar?
Authors: Crowley Brooke Erin , Godfrey Laurie Rohde , Samonds Karen Elizabeth 
Published: July 2023

Societal Impact StatementToday, expansive C4 grassy biomes exist across central, western, and northern Madagascar. Some researchers have argued that the island's now‐extinct pygmy hippopotamuses belonged to a megaherbivore grazing guild that maintained these grasslands prior to human arrival. However, the chemistry of hippo bones indicates that C4 grasses were only a minor part of hippo diet. This, in turn, suggests that C4 grasses were present but not widespread when hippos were alive and that grasses expanded only after Malagasy people shifted from hunting and foraging to agropastoralism approximately 1000 years ago. These results have important implications for environmental reconstructions and biodiversity management.Summary

Extinct hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus spp.) were part of Madagascar's megaherbivore guild. Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes in radiometrically dated bone collagen track spatial and temporal variation in diet and habitat. If hippos helped maintain C4 grassy biomes, then they should have regularly consumed C4 grasses, which have high δ13C values. However, if expansive C4 grassy biomes are anthropogenic, then forests would have been more extensive in the past, and hippos would have predominantly consumed C3 plants with low δ13C values. Nitrogen isotopes can clarify foraging habitat (moist or dry).
We assessed δ13C and δ15N values for hippos from different ecoregions of Madagascar and compared these with data for extinct herbivorous lemurs from the same ecoregions. We further explored the effects of wet/dry transitions on isotopic trends for hippos from the central highlands and spiny thicket ecoregions.
Carbon isotopes suggest (1) limited C4 consumption by hippos in the central highlands, dry deciduous forest, and succulent woodland ecoregions; and (2) moderate consumption of C4 resources in the spiny thicket. Nitrogen data indicate that hippos foraged in wetter habitats than sympatric lemurs in all regions.
Malagasy hippos did not regularly graze C4 grasses in dry, open habitats, even in regions blanketed by C4 grassy biomes today. Malagasy grasses are adapted to grazing and fire, but these are likely ancient adaptations that accompanied grasses when they initially spread to Madagascar. C4 grassy biomes were spatially limited in extent in the past and only expanded after the Late Holocene introduction of domesticated ungulates.
Characteristics of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension from an innovative, comprehensive real‐world patient data repository
Authors: Farber Harrison W. , Chakinala Murali M. , Cho Michelle , Frantz Robert P. , Frick Andrew , Lancaster Lisa , Milligan Scott , Oudiz Ronald , Panjabi Sumeet , Tsang Yuen , Nathan Steven D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, life‐limiting disease. PAH registries provide real‐world data that complement clinical trial data and inform treatment decisions. The TRIO comprehensive, integrated patient data repository (TRIO CIPDR), is an innovative US repository capturing data on contemporary patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension and receiving US Food and Drug Administration‐approved PAH therapies. This repository uniquely combines clinical data from electronic medical records with the ability to track drug‐prescription and drug‐dispensing characteristics, and includes 946 adult patients with PAH (data collected January 2019 to December 2020) enrolled from nine representative US specialist tertiary care centers. Potentially eligible patients were identified based on dispensing data from specialty pharmacies. Hemodynamic and clinical data, as well as dispensing information on prescribed PAH medications, were provided by tertiary centers. At enrollment, 75% of patients were female, 67% were White, median age at PAH diagnosis was 53 years (median time from diagnosis to enrollment was 5 years), and 37% were obese. Comorbidity profiles were as expected for a PAH population, although the proportion with atrial fibrillation (34%) was higher than expected. Overall, 38% of patients had idiopathic PAH and 30% had connective tissue disease‐related PAH. Among 917 patients receiving PAH‐specific therapy, 40% were on monotherapy, 43% on dual therapy, and 17% on triple therapy. Longitudinal data from this repository will allow tracking of the PAH treatment journey in relation to clinical characteristics and outcomes.
Pyridine Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Unveiling the Role of External Pyridinic Nitrogen Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xu Yue , Xie Ruikuan , Li Qi , Feng Jingyu , Luo Hui , Ye Qingyu , Guo Zhenyu , Cao Ye , Palma Matteo , Chai Guoliang , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Jones Christopher R 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPyridinic nitrogen has been recognized as the primary active site in nitrogen‐doped carbon electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is a critical process in many renewable energy devices. However, the preparation of nitrogen‐doped carbon catalysts comprised of exclusively pyridinic nitrogen remains challenging, as well as understanding the precise ORR mechanisms on the catalyst. Herein, a novel process is developed using pyridyne reactive intermediates to functionalize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exclusively with pyridine rings for ORR electrocatalysis. The relationship between the structure and ORR performance of the prepared materials is studied in combination with density functional theory calculations to probe the ORR mechanism on the catalyst. Pyridinic nitrogen can contribute to a more efficient 4‐electron reaction pathway, while high level of pyridyne functionalization result in negative structural effects, such as poor electrical conductivity, reduced surface area, and small pore diameters, that suppressed the ORR performance. This study provides insights into pyridine‐doped CNTs‐functionalized for the first time via pyridyne intermediates‐as applied in the ORR and is expected to serve as valuable inspiration in designing high‐performance electrocatalysts for energy applications.
Metal Ion‐induced Gelation of High‐concentration Graphite‐like Crystalline Nanosheet Aqueous Suspensions
Authors: Yang Mengmei , Zuo Songlin , Hu Xin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe stability and transformation of nanomaterial aqueous suspensions are essential for their applications. Preparation of high‐concentration carbon nanomaterials suspensions remains challenging due to their nonpolar nature. Herein, 200 mg mL−1 carbon nanomaterial aqueous suspensions are achieved by using graphite‐like crystalline nanosheets (GCNs) with high hydrophilicity. Furthermore, these high‐concentration GCN aqueous suspensions spontaneously transform into gels when induced by mono‐, di‐, and trivalent metal salt electrolytes at room temperature. Theoretical calculation of potential energy by DLVO theory reveals that the gelatinized GCNs is a new and metastable state between two usual forms of solution and coagulation. It is shown that the gelation of GCNs is due to the preferential orientation of nanosheets in an edge‐edge arrangement, which differs from the case of solution and coagulation. High‐temperature treatment of GCN gels produces metal/carbon materials with pore structures. This work provides a promising opportunity to create various metal/carbon functional materials.
Visualizing the Interfacial Chemistry in Multivalent Metal Anodes by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Lin Huijun , Yu Jingya , Chen Feiyang , Li Renjie , Xia Bao Yu , Xu Zheng‐Long 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultivalent metal batteries (MMBs) have been considered potentially high‐energy and low‐cost alternatives to commercial Li‐ion batteries, thus attracting tremendous research interest for energy‐storage applications. However, the plating and stripping of multivalent metals (i.e., Zn, Ca, Mg) suffer from low Coulombic efficiencies and short cycle life, which are largely rooted in the unstable solid electrolyte interphase. Apart from exploring new electrolytes or artificial layers for robust interphases, fundamental works on deciphering interfacial chemistry have also been conducted. This work is dedicated to summarizing the state‐of‐the‐art advances in understanding the interphases for multivalent metal anodes revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Operando and cryogenic TEM with high spatial and temporal resolutions realize the dynamic visualization of the vulnerable chemical structures in interphase layers. Following a scrutinization of the interphases on different metal anodes, we elucidate their features for appealing multivalent metal anodes. Finally, perspectives are proposed for the remaining issues on analyzing and regulating interphases for practical MMBs.
Catalytic Pollutant Upgrading to Dual‐Asymmetric MnO2@polymer Nanotubes as Self‐Propelled and Controlled Micromotors for H2O2 Decomposition
Authors: Yang Yangyang , Hu Kunsheng , Zhu Zhong‐Shuai , Yao Yu , Zhang Panpan , Zhou Peng , Huo Pengwei , Duan Xiaoguang , Sun Hongqi , Wang Shaobin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIndustrial and disinfection wastewater typically contains high levels of organic pollutants and residue hydrogen peroxide, which have caused environmental concerns. In this work, dual‐asymmetric MnO2@polymer microreactors are synthesized via pollutant polymerization for self‐driven and controlled H2O2 decomposition. A hollow and asymmetric MnO2 nanotube is derived from MnO2 nanorods by selective acid etching and then coated by a polymeric layer from an aqueous phenolic pollutant via catalytic peroxymonosulfate (PMS)‐induced polymerization. The evolution of particle‐like polymers is controlled by solution pH, molar ratios of PMS/phenol, and reaction duration. The polymer‐covered MnO2 tubing‐structured micromotors presented a controlled motion velocity, due to the reverse torque driven by the O2 bubbles from H2O2 decomposition in the inner tunnels. In addition, the partially coated polymeric layer can regulate the exposure and population of Mn active sites to control the H2O2 decomposition rate, thus avoiding violent motions and massive heat caused by vigorous H2O2 decomposition. The microreactors can maintain the function of mobility in an ultra‐low H2O2 environment (<0.31 wt.%). This work provides a new strategy for the transformation of micropollutants to functional polymer‐based microreactors for safe and controlled hydrogen peroxide decomposition for environmental remediation.
Supported Noble Metal Catalysts and Adsorbents with Soft Lewis Acid Functions
Authors: Murayama Haruno , Huang Qi‐An , Yamamoto Eiji , Tokunaga Makoto , Ishida Tamao , Okumura Mitsutaka , Honma Tetsuo , Fujitani Tadahiro , Isogai Atsuko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous noble metal catalysts exhibit various functions. Although their redox functions have been extensively studied, we focused on their soft Lewis acid functions. Supported Au, Pt, and Pd catalysts electrophilically attack the π‐electrons of soft bases such as alkynes, alkenes, and aromatic compounds to perform addition and substitution reactions. Hydroamination, intramolecular cyclization of alkynyl carboxylic acids, isomerization of allylic esters, vinyl exchange reactions, Wacker oxidation, and oxidative homocoupling of aromatics are introduced based on a discussion of the active species and reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, the adsorption of sulfur compounds, which are soft bases, onto the supported AuNPs is discussed. The adsorption and removal of 1,3‐dimethyltrisulfane (DMTS), which is the compound responsible for the stale odor of “hine‐ka” in alcoholic beverages, particularly Japanese sake, is described.
Climate change impacts on crop breeding: Targeting interacting biotic and abiotic stresses for wheat improvement
Authors: Robles‐Zazueta Carlos A. , Crespo‐Herrera Leonardo A. , Piñera‐Chavez Francisco J. , Rivera‐Amado Carolina , Aradottir Gudbjorg I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as a staple crop is closely interwoven into the development of modern society. Its influence on culture and economic development is global. Recent instability in wheat markets has demonstrated its importance in guaranteeing food security across national borders. Climate change threatens food security as it interacts with a multitude of factors impacting wheat production. The challenge needs to be addressed with a multidisciplinary perspective delivered across research, private, and government sectors. Many experimental studies have identified the major biotic and abiotic stresses impacting wheat production, but fewer have addressed the combinations of stresses that occur simultaneously or sequentially during the wheat growth cycle. Here, we argue that biotic and abiotic stress interactions, and the genetics and genomics underlying them, have been insufficiently addressed by the crop science community. We propose this as a reason for the limited transfer of practical and feasible climate adaptation knowledge from research projects into routine farming practice. To address this gap, we propose that novel methodology integration can align large volumes of data available from crop breeding programs with increasingly cheaper omics tools to predict wheat performance under different climate change scenarios. Underlying this is our proposal that breeders design and deliver future wheat ideotypes based on new or enhanced understanding of the genetic and physiological processes that are triggered when wheat is subjected to combinations of stresses. By defining this to a trait and/or genetic level, new insights can be made for yield improvement under future climate conditions.
Effectiveness of chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone‐iodine in antiseptic preparation of the canine external ear canal prior to total ear canal ablation with bulla osteotomy procedure: A preliminary study
Authors: Nye Alicia K. , Rogovskyy Artem , Lazarus Matthew A. , Amore Riley , Mankin Kelley M. Thieman 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis article is a preliminary study to compare the ability of 0.05% chlorhexidine diacetate (CD) and 1% povidone‐iodine (PI) solutions to reduce bacterial contamination on the canine external ear canal during initial patient preparation and comparison of the incidence of immediate tissue reactions.Study designThe study is a multi‐institutional, randomised, clinical prospective study.Animals or sample populationDogs (n= 19) undergoing total ear canal ablation with bulla osteotomy (TECABO).MethodsThe external ear of each dog was cleaned with the assigned antiseptic solution. Culture of the ear was performed by standard techniques to semi‐quantitatively evaluate bacterial growth and to identify bacterial organisms pre‐ and post‐antiseptic use.ResultsBoth antiseptic groups showed a significant reduction in bacterial growth score (BGS) between pre‐ and post‐antiseptic use (CDp= 0.009, PI p = 0.005). There was no difference in the reduction of BGS between CD and PI solutions (p= 0.53). Minor adverse skin reactions occurred in 25% of cases. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse skin reactions between antiseptics (p= 0.63).ConclusionCD and PI were similarly able to decrease the number of bacteria on the external ear following initial preparation. No difference in the incidence of adverse tissue reactions was found.Clinical significanceProperly diluted aqueous formulations of either antiseptic may be used for safe preparation limited to the external ear canal of dogs. Additional studies evaluating outcomes such as duration of bacterial inhibition and incidence of surgical site infections are needed to fully elucidate differences between CD and PI antiseptics prior to TECABO.
Actinobacillus lignieresii‐associated myocellulitis of the nasal planum in a Jersey cow
Authors: Agerholm Jørgen S. , Damborg Peter , Bennedsgaard Torben W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractActinobacillus lignieresii is a normal part of the oral bacterial flora of cattle, but may cause infection if the mucosal barrier is interrupted. Here, we report a case of diffuse myocellulitis in the nasal planum without development of granulomas on its surface. A Jersey cow was presented with hypersalivation and a firm, painless, diffuse almost symmetrical swelling of the nasal planum with moderate hyperaemia. The cow was slaughtered and the head was examined. Histopathology of the nasal planum revealed widespread severe pyogranulomatous inflammation with clusters of bacteria and Splendore–Hoeppli material with extensive diffuse fibrosis and loss of muscle tissue. A. lignieresii was isolated in monoculture by bacteriology. The appearance of the condition differed from previously reported cases, as protruding granulomas were not present and the tissue reaction affected the entire nasal planum in a uniform way. Actinobacillosis should be considered in cases of firm enlargement of the nasal planum in cattle.
Insufficient effect of sedation followed by difficulties inducing a colicking Shetland pony
Authors: Veen Iris , de Grauw Janny 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA Shetland pony suspected of large intestinal displacement was presented for exploratory laparotomy. The pony was extremely agitated with refractory pain despite repeated intravenous administration of detomidine and morphine. As the pony became unmanageable and recumbent, it was decided to induce general anaesthesia as soon as possible to prevent further harm. However, it subsequently proved impossible to obtain adequate anaesthetic depth despite intravenous administration of ketamine/midazolam, propofol and thiopental. Only after endotracheal intubation and administration of isoflurane was a surgical plane of anaesthesia achieved. An anaesthetist may be faced with an unexpected lack of effect of administered anaesthetic drugs, which in equine anaesthesia may lead to dangerous situations for patients and personnel. Possible explanations for the observed events and recommendations for prevention are offered.
Intranasal delivery of stem cells labeled by nanoparticles in neurodegenerative disorders: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Alizadeh Rafieh , Asghari Alimohamad , Taghizadeh‐Hesary Farzad , Moradi Salah , Farhadi Mohammad , Mehdizadeh Mehdi , Simorgh Sara , Nourazarian Alireza , Shademan Behrouz , Susanabadi Alireza , Kamrava Kamran 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders occur through progressive loss of function or structure of neurons, with loss of sensation and cognition values. The lack of successful therapeutic approaches to solve neurologic disorders causes physical disability and paralysis and has a significant socioeconomic impact on patients. In recent years, nanocarriers and stem cells have attracted tremendous attention as a reliable approach to treating neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, nanoparticle‐based labeling combined with imaging technologies has enabled researchers to survey transplanted stem cells and fully understand their fate by monitoring their survival, migration, and differentiation. For the practical implementation of stem cell therapies in the clinical setting, it is necessary to accurately label and follow stem cells after administration. Several approaches to labeling and tracking stem cells using nanotechnology have been proposed as potential treatment strategies for neurological diseases. Considering the limitations of intravenous or direct stem cell administration, intranasal delivery of nanoparticle‐labeled stem cells in neurological disorders is a new method of delivering stem cells to the central nervous system (CNS). This review describes the challenges and limitations of stem cell‐based nanotechnology methods for labeling/tracking, intranasal delivery of cells, and cell fate regulation as theragnostic labeling.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease
Modeling of Inhomogeneous Spatio-Temporal Signals by Least Squares Collocation
Authors: Schuh Wolf-Dieter , Korte Johannes , Schubert Till , Brockmann Jan Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThrough inverse modeling and adjustment techniques, the geodesists try to derive mathematical models from their measurements to get a better understanding of various processes in the system Earth. Sophisticated deterministic and stochastic models are developed to achieve the best possible reflection of reality and the remaining uncertainty.The main focus of this article is on the further development of stochastic model representations, with the capability to switch from the usual assumption of homogeneous (time-stationary) to inhomogeneous (time-variable) stochastic models. To accomplish this we build up and extend a methodical framework to connect the filter and the covariance approach represented by time-variable autoregressive processes (AR) and time-variable (inhomogeneous) covariance models for least squares collocation.We apply these time-variable covariance models to describe the temporal component of a spatio-temporal point stack of surface displacements derived from a DInSAR-SBAS analysis of the ERS1 and ERS2 missions from the Lower-Rhine Embayment in North Rhine-Westphalia. The construction of a time-variable spatio-temporal covariance model allows to use the least squares collocation approach to predict the vertical movements at any location and at any time. Furthermore, a report on the uncertainty of the prediction is provided.
Einleitung
Authors: Schlüter Saskia 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungBei Betrachtung der aktuellen fachwissenschaftlichen Diskurse zu Themen der Diagnostik und Förderung sprachlich-kommunikativer Kompetenzen lässt sich eindeutig eine pädagogische Prägung (von Knebel 2013; Kracht 2010) feststellen. Von diesem pädagogischen Standpunkt aus wird die sprachliche Handlungsfähigkeit von Kindern in ihrer alltäglichen Lebenssituation (von Knebel 2013, 231) fokussiert. Dies bedeutet, dass diagnostisch nicht nur die Regelhaftigkeiten der Sprache und des Sprechens betrachtet werden.