bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P13 Association of biofilm production with multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Nawaz Zeeshan , Zahoor Muhammad Asif , Siddique Abu Baker , Abdulhaq Nazia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the most important cause of life threatening hospital acquired infections. It is considered as top listed public health threat worldwide due to its ability to produce toxins, virulence factors, biofilms and resist multiple antibiotics. Biofilm formation is a pathogenic mechanism harboured by this pathogen which further elevates its resistance to antibiotics and host defence system.

Objectives
To detect the phenotypic and genotypic biofilm forming potential and its association with multi drug resistance in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates.

Methods
In the present study, isolation of P. aeruginosa was performed by conventional and molecular method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from (n=200) clinical samples. Kirby Bauer method was performed for detection of MDR isolates. The biofilm forming ability of P. aeruginosa isolates was detected by microtitre plate assay (MPA) while the genes associated with biofilm formation (pelA and pslA) were detected by PCR.

Results
The results of study revealed that P. aeruginosa was detected in 26% (52/200) isolates with highest frequency 38.63% in burn wound samples followed by 22.22% in sputum samples and 20.58% in surgical wound samples. Highest resistant was found to ceftriaxone (94%) followed by meropenem (92%), imipenem (90%) and cefotaxime (90%) while (n=20) isolates were detected as MDR. Biofilm formation of variable degree was detected in 49 (94%) isolates. Additionally it was recorded that all the MDR isolates exhibits biofilm formation including 55% as moderately, 40% as strongly and 5% as weakly adherent. Among the MDR P. aeruginosa, the biofilm-associated gene pelA was detected in 95% while pslA was found in 90% isolates.

Conclusions
It was concluded that biofilm forming P. aeruginosa are more resistant to tested antibiotics and strongly linked with presence of pelA and pslA genes. This presence of MDR strains along with biofilm formation is depicting a lethal combination of bacterial armory that poses a serious threat for public health.
P15 Elizabethkingia anophelis became the major Elizabethkingia species in bacteraemia patients in Northern Taiwan
Authors: Chang Fu-chieh , Liu Chang-Pan , Lin Chih-Chen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Elizabethkingia species are antibiotic-resistant microbes. It is a serious bacterial pathogen that can cause the patient to die. Thanks to the technology of sequencing, we can identify different strains of Elizabethkingia species. The Elizabethkingia genus currently comprises 6 species, E. meningoseptica, E. miricola, E. anophelis, E. bruuniana, E. ursingii and E. occul. In the previous study in Taiwan, E. meningoseptica was the major strain that caused infection from 2009 to 2016. But in another reference, we found that E. anophelis became the dominant strain in other countries. Due to this ascertainment, we did an experiment to check the true situation in Taiwan.

Methods
Because of the limitation of the tool, in our hospital, we could spread different strains of Elizabethkingia Species by the traditionally identified methods in our bacteria room. That's why we collected the bacteria to our bacteria bank for research. In this study, we collected 65 Elizabethkingia species from bacteraemia patients. And the storage period from January 2018 to June 2020. Then we used the DNA extraction kit to collect the DNA and did the PCR to check whether the target gene was detected or not. Once anoR gene was detected, it would be E. anophelis, if the mengF gene was detected, it would be E. meningoseptica, or if the ureGF gene was detected, it would be E. miricola.

Results
In this study, we found E. anophelis became the major species (37/65, 56.9%), and E. meningoseptica is the second most common species (28/65, 43.1%). We didn't find any E. miricola.

Conclusions
The transmission route of E. anophelis remains unclear. The case-fatality rate of patients with E. anophelis infection is critically high, ranging from 24% to 60%. To avoid hospital associated infection with E. anophelis, environment cleaning plays an important role. In a recent study, UVC machines can reduce the infection rate, and may be another solution for environment cleaning besides bleach wipes.
Inattention Matters: An Analysis of Consumers’ Inaction in Choosing a Water Tariff
Authors: Heiss Florian , Ornaghi Carmine , Tonin Mirco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper studies consumers’ choice between two different water tariffs. We document a large inaction in a novel setting where customers face a binary decision and receive simple, detailed, and personalized information about the financial savings they would obtain if they were to switch water tariff. Our empirical framework separates two sources of inertia: inattention and switching costs. The model estimates that half of the customers that would benefit from changing tariff are not aware of the opportunity they are offered. Conditional on paying attention, we estimate median switching costs to be around £100. A model where all customers are assumed to pay attention delivers instead implausibly high switching costs, with a median of £400. This shows the importance of inattention in explaining consumers’ inaction. Looking at the characteristics of the households, our results confirm previous findings that areas where households have higher levels of education or the proportion of minorities is lower display a higher responsiveness to potential savings. The new insight offered by our analysis is that this is entirely driven by attention, whereas switching costs actually increase with education and ethnic homogeneity. Our findings suggest that policies aimed at increasing attention can play a central role in fostering competition among suppliers and reducing inequalities.
A Brave New World: The Aarhus Convention in Tempestuous Times
Authors: Ryall Áine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The rights guaranteed under the Aarhus Convention enable individuals and environmental non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to act to defend the environment in the public interest. In these tempestuous times, where environmental democracy faces unprecedented challenges, the Convention stands firmly as a beacon of hope to deliver better outcomes for the environment and to protect human rights. This short commentary identifies new significant developments within the Aarhus framework concerning the protection of environmental defenders, the impact of the pandemic and the application of the Convention during armed conflict. It also reflects briefly on the more general issue of implementation.
Fracture prediction based on attenuative anisotropy theory and its application to a shale gas reservoir
Authors: Li Shikai , Wen Xiaotao , Pu Yong , Miao Zhiwei , Yuan Meng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractShale gas reservoirs require artificial hydraulic fracturing to achieve commercial gas production. Continental Jurassic shale reservoirs have several thin interlayers (e.g. sandstone and carbonate), which lead to pseudo-anisotropy of the seismic amplitude and velocity, and traditional technology for predicting anisotropic fractures has difficulty in identifying a true target. Based on the traditional theory of azimuthal anisotropy and the equivalent medium theory, in this paper, the approximate formula for the reflection coefficient of attenuating anisotropy and the equation for the azimuthal attenuating elastic impedance are derived. With the objective function established using Bayesian and group sparse inversion methods, parameters such as the fluid terms and fracture characteristics are obtained by solving the elastic matrix, and a highly accurate prediction of the 3D fracture density is obtained. The validity of this method is confirmed via a test on a single well and application to actual seismic data for a shale gas reservoir.
Field Evaluation of In2Care Mosquito Traps to ControlAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae) in Hawai’i Island
Authors: Brisco Katherine K , Jacobsen Christopher M , Seok Sangwoo , Wang Xiaodi , Lee Yoosook , Akbari Omar S , Cornel Anthony J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAedes aegypti Linnaeus and Aedes albopictus Skuse are vectors of dengue virus and responsible for multiple autochthonous dengue outbreaks in Big Island, Hawai’i. Control of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus has been achieved in In2Care trap trials, which motivated us to investigate this potential control approach in the Big Island. Our In2Care trial was performed in the coastal settlement of Miloli’i in the southwest of Big Island where both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus are found. This trial starting in the second week of July and ending in the last week of October 2019 fell within the traditional wet season in Miloli’i. No significant reduction in egg or adult counts in our treatment areas following 12 wk of two In2Care trap placements per participating household were observed. In fact, an increase in numbers of adults during the trial reached levels that required the local mosquito abatement program to stop the In2Care trap trial and institute a thorough source reduction and treatment campaign. The source reduction campaign revealed a large variety and quantity of water sources competed with the oviposition cups we had placed, which likely lowered the chances of our oviposition cups being visited by pyriproxyfen-contaminated Aedes adults exiting the In2Care traps.
Homeostasis of Arabidopsis R protein RPS2 is negatively regulated by the RING-type E3 ligase MUSE16
Authors: Huang Yan , Li Junhao , Huang Tingting , Bai Xue , Li Qi , Gong Yihan , Hoy Ryan , He Zhouqing , Liu Jing , Liao Jinqiu , Yuan Ming , Ding Chunbang , Li Xin , Cai Yi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe homeostasis of resistance (R) proteins in plants must be tightly regulated to ensure precise activation of plant immune responses upon pathogen infection, while avoiding autoimmunity and growth defects when plants are uninfected. It is known that CPR1, an F-box protein in the SCF E3 complex, functions as a negative regulator of plant immunity through targeting the resistance (R) proteins SNC1 and RPS2 for degradation. However, whether these R proteins are also targeted by other E3 ligases is unclear. Here, we isolated Arabidopsis MUSE16, which encodes a RING-type E3 ligase, from a forward genetic screen and suggest that it is a negative regulator of plant immunity. Unlike CPR1, knocking out MUSE16 alone in Arabidopsis is not enough to result in defense-related dwarfism, since only RPS2 out of the tested R proteins accumulated in the muse16 mutants. Thus, our study identifies a novel E3 ligase involved in the degradation of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) R proteins, support the idea that ubiquitin-mediated degradation is a fine-tuned mechanism for regulating the turnover of R proteins in plants, and that the same R protein can be targeted by different E3 ligases for regulation of its homeostasis.
Angular momentum transfer in QPEs from galaxy nuclei
Authors: King Andrew 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
A suggested model for quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) from galaxy nuclei invokes a white dwarf in an eccentric orbit about the central massive black hole. I point out that the extreme mass ratio allows the presence of strong Lindblad resonances in the accretion disc. These are important for the stability of mass transfer and may trigger the eruptions themselves by rapidly transferring angular momentum from the accretion disc (which is likely to be eccentric itself) to the orbiting WD companion at pericentre. I consider the effects of von Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai (ZLK) cycles caused by a perturber on a more distant orbit about the central black hole. I show that ZLK cycles can change the orbital periods of QPE systems on time-scales much shorter than the mass transfer time, as seen in ASASSN-14ko, and produce correlated short-term variations of their mass transfer rates and orbital periods, as recently observed in GSN 069. Further monitoring of these sources should constrain the parameters of any perturbing companions. This, in turn, may constrain the nature of the events creating QPE systems and perhaps give major insights into how the central black holes in low-mass galaxies are able to grow.
Tailored Regulatory Interventions
Authors: Brakman Reiser Dana , Dean Steven A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter envisions responses to philanthropic innovation that may appear less ambitious than those Congress offered a half-century ago but in truth represent a radical leap beyond the Grand Bargain. Requiring donor-advised funds to clearly and publicly name recipients for dormant assets, carefully easing strictures targeted at “self-dealing” by foundations, and making benefit reports mainstream could allow lawmakers to shrink the gap between the public’s expectations of for-profit philanthropy and what the powerful individuals and organizations leading the charge ultimately deliver. On their own, none of these narrow proposals would rebuild the trust between elites and the public the Grand Bargain once provided. But—even without a new strategic compact to restore a balance of power that time has shifted in favor of elites—targeted measures could help the public believe that for-profit philanthropy addresses urgent problems of today, rather than merely burnishing the images of the wealthiest Americans.
Conclusion
Authors: Brakman Reiser Dana , Dean Steven A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The rise of the philanthropy limited liability company, commercially affiliated donor-advised funds, and strategic corporate philanthropy has hardly gone unnoticed. But because they have been viewed as distinct phenomena affecting—respectively—the transparency, timing, and targeting of philanthropy, their devastating collective impact on the 1969 Tax Reform Act’s Grand Bargain has remained obscured. For-profit philanthropy embodies a deeply American drive to innovate. Yet experimenting with philanthropy poses real risks to all of us, not merely to those controlling a disproportionate share of society’s resources. The Grand Bargain paired a modest degree of public control with a broad grant of freedom to wealthy elites and their visions of the public good. Today’s most privileged Americans risk more than they realize by turning their backs on it in the name of the unfettered autonomy for-profit philanthropy supplies. Fortunately, private ordering, targeted public interventions, or sweeping reforms can all be deployed to safeguard trust in philanthropy.
“Alphas Get Treated Like Bygone Emperors and Betas Live Lives of Quiet Desperation”
Authors: Lawson Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Drawing on data collected from four communities on the social networking site Reddit, Chapter 6 sets out a comprehensive treatment of the manosphere and ‘toxic masculinity’, two concepts which have been relatively underexamined in the context of language and masculinities studies. The chapter then analyzes how gender is represented in these communities, focusing on noun referents related to gender (e.g. man, woman, dude, princess). In doing so, the chapter unpacks the discursive frames surrounding men and women in manosphere spaces, providing an insight into the nature of gender politics in the manosphere and how sexist discourses are maintained and promoted by community members.
Conclusion
Authors: Lawson Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9 considers what the book tells us about masculinities in the twenty-first century, situating the discussion against a backdrop of Western gender politics, online culture wars, and contemporary gender relations. The chapter then discusses how the findings fit alongside the broader scope of men and masculinities in relation to five areas: how men and boys ‘learn’ to do gender, particularly in terms of digital literacies; the intersection of masculinities and radicalization; the deployment of ‘victimhood’ discourses by men; contemporary (Western) gender politics; and the role of mediated masculinities and their potential for enacting social change. The penultimate section sketches out some of the possible trajectories for language and masculinities studies, before ending with some thoughts about the contribution of the book to masculinities research generally and language and masculinities work specifically.
“Just sit right back and you’ll hear a tale”Comedy
Authors: Burlingame Jon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Situation comedies featured bright, upbeat themes from the start. I Love Lucy became the most famous sitcom theme of the 1950s, but very quickly songs (tunes with lyrics) became popular for comedies, particularly those that told the backstory of the characters: The Beverly Hillbillies, Gilligan’s Island, and the Vic Mizzy–penned Addams Family and Green Acres became famous for generations of TV watchers. Earle Hagen became one of TV’s most successful composers with instrumental themes for Andy Griffith and Dick Van Dyke. Songs for Patty Duke (sung), Bewitched, and I Dream of Jeannie (played instrumentally) became famous in the 1960s, while pop stars joined the fray in the 1970s for Courtship of Eddie’s Father, Chico and the Man, and Welcome Back Kotter. Charles Fox became the sitcom king of the 1970s with Happy Days and Laverne & Shirley. MTM offered catchy tunes for Mary Tyler Moore and Bob Newhart, while Norman Lear gave us Broadway-tunesmith-penned All in the Family and a series of memorable themes including Maude, Good Times, and The Jeffersons. Quincy Jones used an all-star jazz band for The Bill Cosby Show. The 1980s and 1990s gave us Cheers, Seinfeld, and Friends, while hip-hop made its entrance with The Fresh Prince of BelAir.
“Your mission, should you decide to accept it”Action-Adventure
Authors: Burlingame Jon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Action-adventure shows boasted some of the most compelling and memorable music in TV history. Spy shows alone counted for some of these: The Man from U.N.C.L.E.; Grammy-winning Mission: Impossible; Emmy-winning I Spy; Secret Agent (the first popular rock ’n’ roll TV theme); and more. Country came to TV via The Dukes of Hazzard, and a host of superhero shows starting with Batman and Wonder Woman take a more lighthearted approach to the derring-do, although the comic-book shows of the twenty-first-century CW network take a more serious tone. George Lucas’s Young Indiana Jones Chronicles wins four Emmys for music, while Michael Giacchino earns his first taste of fame with Alias and music for 24 takes a more mechanical, electronic tone.
“You are there”Documentaries, News, and Information Programming
Authors: Burlingame Jon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Richard Rodgers’s Victory at Sea score was a landmark moment in TV scoring, the first time a major Broadway songwriter contributed instrumental themes for a documentary series. Equally stellar names, mostly from the classical field, followed: Norman Dello Joio for Air Power, George Antheil for 20th Century, Morton Gould for World War I. Composers Elmer Bernstein and Lalo Schifrin contributed to David L. Wolper’s 1960s documentaries, including Bernstein’s National Geographic fanfare, and other major composers (Alex North for Africa) followed. Walter Scharf scored dozens of National Geographic and Jacques Cousteau specials, and In Search Of stretched the boundaries of documentary programming, including synth-based scores. News themes at the networks started out simply but eventually became more important, attracting Oscar-winning composers: Henry Mancini for election night music, John Williams at NBC, James Horner at CBS, Bill Conti at ABC. The chapter discusses the origins of the famous Olympics fanfares and themes for PBS documentaries, including a famous theme for The Civil War. Entertainment Tonight boasted a tune everyone can sing; and reality shows demanded a different kind of musical score (largely library based).
“Mrs. Peel, we’re needed”British Shows Aired in America
Authors: Burlingame Jon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
British-made series airing in the United States featured themes and music that differed in style but were no less effective in dramatic storytelling. Edwin Astley’s music for The Saint, Secret Agent, The Baron, and other shows was distinctive in its use of wordless soprano and jazz harpsichord. The Avengers had tongue-in-cheek scores by Laurie Johnson, and Doctor Who was a rarity: an all-electronic theme by Ron Grainer. John Barry’s theme for The Persuaders was a huge hit in England, although not in America. Masterpiece Theatre imported dozens of UK adaptations of classic literature, scored by some of England’s top composers: “I, Claudius,” “Jewel in the Crown,” “Jeeves and Wooster,” “Sherlock,” “Downton Abbey.” Mystery! matched them for intriguing scores, including “Sherlock Holmes,” “Inspector Morse,” and “Poirot.” Great Performances grabbed the other UK classics, notably “Brideshead Revisited.” Pride & Prejudice aired on A&E, and Monty Python’s Flying Circus ironically employed a march by American John Philip Sousa. The themes for Masterpiece Theatre, Mystery!, and Great Performances also have fascinating backstories.
Brave New Workplace
Authors: Barling Julian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
It is now more than two years since COVID-19 spread around the world and the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic. The pandemic raised important questions about what work would look like after the pandemic, evidenced by the great debate on the future of remote work. Given how inaccurate predictions of the future often turn out to be, a more important question is, what should work look like if we are to achieve productive, healthy, and safe work? Fortunately, research by scholars such as Marie Jahoda, Abe Maslow, Fred Herzberg, Richard Hackman and Greg Oldham, Robert Karasek and Töres Theorell, Michael Marmot, and Peter Warr, spanning almost a century, provides answers. Fulfilling people’s needs for the seven interrelated characteristics, namely quality leadership, autonomy, belonging, fairness, growth, meaning, and safety, are the keys to productive, healthy, and safe work, and we devote a separate chapters to each of these topics. Each chapter discusses how the seven interrelated characteristics were affected by the pandemic, and how gender affects how people experience these dimensions. A central idea of the book is that small changes make a big difference in the long term, perhaps especially during the most trying times, and that small changes in the seven characteristics are enough to achieve productive, healthy, and safe work, with effective, evidence-based interventions presented to document this. Underlying each topic is the idea that we can achieve more by changing work than by trying to change people.
Footprints in the Dust
Authors: Dal Prete Ivano 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the reader to the long and complex medieval debate on the eternity of the world. Christian and Muslim thinkers tried hard to reconcile the Mosaic account of the creation with Greco-Roman natural philosophy, which never contemplated the creation of matter, space, and time from nothing. Their endeavors rested on the possibility, which was widespread and largely accepted, of a figurative reading of Genesis and in particular, of the first “days” of the creation. Not until 1215 did the Lateran Council IV proclaim that the world had been created in time, thus closing one of the many options available up to then. The conciliar decrees, though, aimed to establish a principle rather than its chronology: whether the world was created at all, not when, was the matter of contention.