bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal concordance of body composition and anthropometric assessment by a novel smartphone application across a 12-week self-managed weight loss intervention
Authors: Smith Marc K. , Staynor Jonathan M. D. , El-Sallam Amar , Ebert Jay R. , Ackland Tim R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSmartphone applications (SPA) now offer the ability to provide accessible in-home monitoring of relevant individual health biomarkers. Previous cross-sectional validations of similar technologies have reported acceptable accuracy with high-grade body composition assessments; this research assessed longitudinal agreement of a novel SPA across a self-managed weight loss intervention of thirty-eight participants (twenty-one males, seventeen females). Estimations of body mass (BM), body fat percentage (BF%), fat-free mass (FFM) and waist circumference (WC) from the SPA were compared with ground truth (GT) measures from a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner and expert technician measurement. Small mean differences (MD) and standard error of estimate (SEE) were observed between method deltas (ΔBM: MD = 0·12 kg, SEE = 2·82 kg; ΔBF%: MD = 0·06 %, SEE = 1·65 %; ΔFFM: MD = 0·17 kg, SEE = 1·65 kg; ΔWC: MD = 1·16 cm, SEE = 2·52 cm). Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) assessed longitudinal agreement between the SPA and GT methods, with moderate concordance (CCC: 0·55–0·73) observed for all measures. The novel SPA may not be interchangeable with high-accuracy medical scanning methods yet offers significant benefits in cost, accessibility and user comfort, in conjunction with the ability to monitor body shape and composition estimates over time.
Secondary sexual dimorphism in biomass production of Ilex paraguariensis progenies associated with their provenances and morphotypes
Authors: Rakocevic Miroslava , Maia Aline de Holanda Nunes , Duarte Manoela Mendes , Wendling Ivar 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Secondary sexual dimorphism (SSD) in flowering plants is expressed as differences in sexual characteristics that are not directly related to gamete production, involving a wide variety of morphological and physiological traits. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is an evergreen dioecious tree native to South America. It was hypothesized that: (1) in early years, the two yerba-mate genders would segregate with lower frequency in biomass production than during later years; (2) in the case of SSD, higher biomass production would be seen for female plants when compared to male plants at a more advanced age; (3) higher SSD would appear in morphotypes that represent leaf adaptations to full sunlight cultivation; and (4) progenies originated from provenances from higher altitudes will show greater SSD in biomass production. One experiment with 135 progenies originated from six provenances with different altitudes was established in 1997 in a monoculture (under full sunlight conditions). Biomass production (leaves and thin twigs) per plant was evaluated during four harvests (1999, 2001, 2003, and 2015). The frequency of SSD in biomass production did not change throughout the plant’s life. Males were more productive than females in 1999, 2001, and 2003, while the increased frequency of more productive female plants was observed during the most recent harvest (2015), resulting in an equal frequency of female and male progenies. Sexual segregation was observed in dully green, sassafras, and gray morphotypes that are characterized by their waxy leaf structures, an adaptation to elevated irradiance and UV. As a result of adaptative responses to stressful conditions and elevated interplant variability, the relationship between SSD and biomass production of progenies originated from the highest altitudes segregated with higher frequency when compared to the lowest altitudes.
Genomic evaluation of threshold traits in different scenarios of threshold number using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods
Authors: Ghasemi M. , Ghafouri-Kesbi F. , Zamani P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim was to study the effect of the threshold number on the accuracy of genomic evaluation of the threshold traits using support vector machine (SVM), genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and Bayesian method B (BayesB). For this purpose, a genome consisting of three chromosomes was simulated for 1000 individuals on which 3000 bi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphism markers were evenly distributed. Genomic breeding values were predicted in different scenarios of threshold number (1–6 thresholds), QTL number (30 and 300 QTLs) and heritability level (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5). By increasing the number of thresholds from 1 to 6 thresholds, especially at higher levels of heritability, the accuracy of genomic evaluation increased; however, the increase in accuracy was not linear so that it was much more noticeable when the number of thresholds increased from 1 to 2 thresholds. In the most studied scenarios, SVM showed a very poor performance compared to other methods. BayesB ranked first regarding prediction accuracy, though in some cases the observed differences with GBLUP was not significant. While increase in heritability increased the accuracy of genomic evaluation, change in the QTL number had a slight effect on the prediction accuracy. According to the results, the SVM is not recommended for genomic evaluation of threshold traits, especially those which have only one threshold and instead, use of GBLUP and BayesB is recommended. For traits with more than one threshold, fortunately we can achieve accuracy similar to continuous traits by applying traditional genomic evaluation methods.
Recent occurrence of marine mammals and sea turtles off Angola and first report of right whales since the whaling era
Authors: Whitt Amy D. , Warde Ann M. , Blair Lenisa , Deslarzes Ken J. P. , Chaineau Claude-Henri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMarine megafauna occurrence was recorded in the deep-sea region bordering the abyssal plain ~400 km north-west of Luanda, Angola. The survey took place during an Environmental Baseline Study (EBS), prior to drilling exploration activities, with the goal of characterizing the habitat and biodiversity of the region. Offshore shipboard surveys were conducted during September 2018 in water depths ranging from 2350–3850 m. We recorded daytime sightings of marine mammals and sea turtles and at night made audio recordings using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) methods focused on capturing the sounds of vocalizing marine mammals. A variety of species were visually detected, including the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), common dolphin (Delphinusspp.), striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), Atlantic spotted dolphin (S. frontalis), and olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea). Acoustic click bouts similar to those made by several odontocete species, possibly including beaked whales, were recorded within the 25–48 kHz range. The humpback whale was the most frequently sighted species, accounting for 56% of mammal sightings, indicating a potential far offshore migratory habitat in this region. Most notably, right whales (probableEubalaena australis) were visually observed. This is the first confirmed record of right whales in Angolan waters since the early 1900s. As development expands in this offshore region, these data can usefully inform future monitoring and mitigation strategies focused on minimizing impacts to wildlife.
Pythagorean-Hodograph curves-based trajectory planning for pick-and-place operation of Delta robot with prescribed pick and place heights
Authors: Su Tingting , Liang Xu , Zeng Xiang , Liu Shengda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a Pythagorean-Hodograph (PH) curve-based pick-and-place operation trajectory planning method for Delta parallel robots is proposed, which realizes the flexible control of pick-and-place operations to meet the requirements of various practical scenarios. First, according to the geometric relationship of pick-and-place operation path, different pick-and-place operations are classified. Then trajectory planning is carried out for different situations, respectively, and in each case, the different polynomial motion laws adopted by the linear motion segment and the curved motion segment are solved. Trajectory optimization is performed with the motion period as optimization objective. The proposed method is easier to implement, and at the same time satisfies the safety, optimization, mobility, and stability of the robot; that is, the proposed method realizes obstacle avoidance, optimal time, flexible control of the robot trajectory, and stable motion. Simulations and experiments verify the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper. The proposed method can not only realize the fast, accurate, and safe operation in intelligent manufacturing fields such as rapid classification, palletizing, grasping, warehousing, etc., but its research route can also provide a reference for trajectory planning of intelligent vehicles in logistics system.
Construction and validation of a questionnaire to study engagement in informal second language learning
Authors: Arndt Henriette L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article reports on the development and validation of the Informal Second Language Engagement questionnaire (ISLE) for capturing various aspects of learner engagement with informal second language practices. Whereas other questionnaires have primarily focused on learner behavior (the frequency, quantity, and diversity of informal activities in which learners engage), the ISLE additionally targets affective, cognitive, and linguistic aspects of engagement. Consequently, this questionnaire has the potential to help second language acquisition researchers better understand individual differences and variability in informal language engagement, how it changes over time, and the ways in which engagement affects language learning. The ISLE was developed and evaluated in three stages with a total of 382 German secondary school learners of English as a foreign language. The initial instrument development was informed by qualitative findings from focus group interviews. Subsequently, the questionnaire was piloted, and Exploratory Factor Analysis was applied to the data to uncover the underlying factor structures and reduce the number of items per construct. Finally, the revised instrument was evaluated further using Confirmatory Factor Analysis.
Improving measurement performance via fusion of classical and quantum accelerometers
Authors: Wang Xuezhi , Kealy Allison , Gilliam Christopher , Haine Simon , Close John , Moran Bill , Talbot Kyle , Williams Simon , Hardman Kyle , Freier Chris , Wigley Paul , White Angela , Szigeti Stuart , Legge Sam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile quantum accelerometers sense with extremely low drift and low bias, their practical sensing capabilities face at least two limitations compared with classical accelerometers: a lower sample rate due to cold atom interrogation time; and a reduced dynamic range due to signal phase wrapping. In this paper, we propose a maximum likelihood probabilistic data fusion method, under which the actual phase of the quantum accelerometer can be unwrapped by fusing it with the output of a classical accelerometer on the platform. Consequently, the recovered measurement from the quantum accelerometer is used to estimate bias and drift of the classical accelerometer which is then removed from the system output. We demonstrate the enhanced error performance achieved by the proposed fusion method using a simulated 1D accelerometer precision test scenario. We conclude with a discussion on fusion error and potential solutions.
Invasive pneumococcal surveillance to assess the potential benefits of extended spectrum conjugate vaccines (PCV15/PCV20) in older adults
Authors: Humphreys Hilary , Corcoran Mary , Mereckiene Jolita , Cunney Robert , Cotter Suzanne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) into the childhood vaccination programme has reduced invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Although anticipated from data elsewhere, surveillance in Ireland has confirmed reductions in IPD amongst those ⩾65 years of age due to a decline of PCV serotypes in this age group. Currently, direct protection against IPD in the elderly is focused on immunisation with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). However, immunity may not be as effective as with PCV and, furthermore, PPV23 uptake is poor in Ireland. Hence, consideration should be given to providing a PCV to this age group.
A multilevel developmental psychopathology model of childbirth and the perinatal transition
Authors: Kaliush Parisa R. , Conradt Elisabeth , Kerig Patricia K. , Williams Paula G. , Crowell Sheila E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite recent applications of a developmental psychopathology perspective to the perinatal period, these conceptualizations have largely ignored the role that childbirth plays in the perinatal transition. Thus, we present a conceptual model of childbirth as a bridge between prenatal and postnatal health. We argue that biopsychosocial factors during pregnancy influence postnatal health trajectories both directly and indirectly through childbirth experiences, and we focus our review on those indirect effects. In order to frame our model within a developmental psychopathology lens, we first describe “typical” biopsychosocial aspects of pregnancy and childbirth. Then, we explore ways in which these processes may deviate from the norm to result in adverse or traumatic childbirth experiences. We briefly describe early postnatal health trajectories that may follow from these birth experiences, including those which are adaptive despite traumatic childbirth, and we conclude with implications for research and clinical practice. We intend for our model to illuminate the importance of including childbirth in multilevel perinatal research. This advancement is critical for reducing perinatal health disparities and promoting health and well-being among birthing parents and their children.
Zurück ins Leben
Authors: Vetter Stefan 
Published: January 2023

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Im ambulanten Setting wird empfohlen, Psychopharmaka in kleinen Schritten behutsam zu reduzieren. Trotzdem können massive Rebound-Effekte entstehen, die sich gegen Ende des Reduktionsprozesses nochmals massiv verschärfen können. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? In diesem Reduktionsprozess kann eine kontinuierliche Bezugspflege Sicherheit vermitteln. Dabei sollte die Pflege stets dazu ermutigen, Rebound-Effekte nicht zu bekämpfen, sondern ihnen freundschaftlich zu begegnen. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Die ambulante Pflege sollte ein Konzept dafür entwickeln, wie Rebound-Effekte identifiziert, angenommen, ausgehalten und überwunden werden können. Zudem sollte die Pflege verstärkt darüber diskutieren, wie ein Leben mit weniger Medikamenten oder auch ohne Medikamente gelingen kann.
Thermal Properties of Pressure Core Samples Recovered From Nankai Trough Wells Before and After Methane Hydrate Dissociation
Authors: Muraoka M. , Yoneda J. , Jin Y. , Hattori T. , Imai T. , Suzuki K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe thermal properties of methane hydrate (MH)‐bearing sediments are necessary for developing gas production technologies (e.g., gas production rate prediction). The direct thermal property measurement of a general MH reservoir is difficult because it demands an advanced coring and measuring technology. Therefore, a good thermal property value estimation model for a system containing sediment grains, water, MH, and gas is necessary. In 2018, the pressure core samples were recovered from the AT‐CW1 and AT‐CW2 wells in Nankai Trough of Japan. Using a single‐sided transient plane source method, we measure herein the thermal property values of those core samples and estimate their thermal conductivity by improving existing models. The measured thermal conductivity (λ), specific heat (ρCp), and thermal diffusivity (α) of the MH‐bearing sediments before and after MH dissociation are obtained. The de Vries model agrees well with the measured thermal conductivity values before and after the MH dissociation. For the random distribution (geometric mean) model, the difference between the estimation values and the data after the MH dissociation increases as the gas saturation Sg′ increases. In the worst case, the distribution model shows an 87.6% error, while the de Vries model yields 5.2% of the same. We propose and use an estimation method of the thermal property values in an MH reservoir, which requires classical thermophysical models and well log data. The in‐situ thermal property values can be estimated when the log data are highly accurate.
The Potential Benefits of Handling Mixture Statistics via a Bi‐Gaussian EnKF: Tests With All‐Sky Satellite Infrared Radiances
Authors: Chan Man‐Yau , Chen Xingchao , Anderson Jeffrey L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe meteorological characteristics of cloudy atmospheric columns can be very different from their clear counterparts. Thus, when a forecast ensemble is uncertain about the presence/absence of clouds at a specific atmospheric column (i.e., some members are clear while others are cloudy), that column's ensemble statistics will contain a mixture of clear and cloudy statistics. Such mixtures are inconsistent with the ensemble data assimilation algorithms currently used in numerical weather prediction. Hence, ensemble data assimilation algorithms that can handle such mixtures can potentially outperform currently used algorithms. In this study, we demonstrate the potential benefits of addressing such mixtures through a bi‐Gaussian extension of the ensemble Kalman filter (BGEnKF). The BGEnKF is compared against the commonly used ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) using perfect model observing system simulated experiments (OSSEs) with a realistic weather model (the Weather Research and Forecast model). Synthetic all‐sky infrared radiance observations are assimilated in this study. In these OSSEs, the BGEnKF outperforms the EnKF in terms of the horizontal wind components, temperature, specific humidity, and simulated upper tropospheric water vapor channel infrared brightness temperatures. This study is one of the first to demonstrate the potential of a Gaussian mixture model EnKF with a realistic weather model. Our results thus motivate future research toward improving numerical Earth system predictions though explicitly handling mixture statistics.
Breakup of Pangea and the Cretaceous Revolution
Authors: Le Pichon Xavier , Şengör A. M. Celal , Jellinek Mark , Lenardic Adrian , İmren Caner 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA 250 Ma, Pangea had just reached an equatorial position of dynamic equilibrium, after a 60° northward migration due to True Polar Wandering. It then began oscillating about itself for the next 150 Myr. The resulting extensional stresses triggered three successive phases of breakup, controlled by the mechanical resistance of a crescent of thick lithosphere, surrounding the Tethyan realm, which had adjusted the supercontinent to its hemispheric shape. The fracturing of the crescent was produced in three successive generations, each new generation corresponding to Coulomb fractures, conjugates of the preceding set. Flood basalts were associated with these deep fractures within the thick lithosphere crescent. We consider unlikely that this highly ordered pattern of fracturing was determined by the locations of the impacts of successive plumes. Between 260 and 180 Ma, thermal isolation was maximal and the asthenosphere of Pangea was about 150°C warmer than below Panthalassa. From 180 to 100 Ma, the breakup elongated Pangea by about 3,000 km in a north‐northwest–south‐southeast direction, producing gaps in the subduction girdle. Lateral mixing began, leading to a continuous rise in global sea level and progressive return to a globally homogeneous upper mantle with sea‐level at its maximum 100 Ma. This Cretaceous Revolution marked the end of the Pangea tectonics, radically different from our present plate tectonics. Neither post‐Cretaceous plate kinematic inferences, nor mantle dynamic and associated planetary cooling inferences are extendable to Pangea times.
Increasing Flood Frequencies Under Warming in the West‐Central Himalayas
Authors: Swarnkar Somil , Mujumdar Pradeep 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe west‐central Himalayan River basins face significant damage caused by extreme floods annually. We selected the upper Ganga basin (UGB), the west‐central Himalayan basin, to demonstrate how maximum cumulative storm and total rainfall received during monsoon control the extreme flow variability. In addition, the downscaled CMIP6 data sets were used for projections of extremes. The results suggest that historically Alaknanda basin receives a relatively higher magnitude of monsoon and storm rainfall than the other regions in the UGB, which manifested into significant extreme flow variability at the Alaknanda outlet. The extreme flows at the UGB outlet are projected to be more frequent under warming scenarios. The nonstationary flood frequency magnitudes are higher than those obtained from the stationary frequency method, implying a need for a review of return periods used in the designs of flood control structures in the region.
Loss of muscle mass in the immediate post-operative period is associated with inadequate dietary protein and energy intake
Authors: Hardy E. J. , Deane C. S. , Lund J. N. , Phillips B. E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the implementation of ‘Enhanced Recovery After Surgery’ (ERAS) protocols, major abdominal surgery is still associated with significant and detrimental losses of muscle mass and function in the post-operative period. Although ERAS protocols advocate both early mobility and dietary intake, dietary composition in the immediate post-operative period is poorly characterised, despite muscle losses being greatest in this period. Herein, we show in 15 patients (66 ± 6 y, 12:3 M:F) who lost ~10% m. vastus lateralis muscle mass in the 5 days after open colorectal resective surgery, mean energy intake was only ~25% of the minimum ESPEN recommendation of 25 kcal/kg/d and daily dietary protein intake was only ~12% of the ESPEN recommended guidelines of 1.5 g/kg/d. Given the known importance of nutrition for muscle mass maintenance, innovative dietary interventions are needed in the immediate post-operative period, accounting for specific patient dietary preference to maximise compliance (e.g., soft-textured foods).
A non-academic perspective on the future of lithium-based batteries
Authors: Frith James T. , Lacey Matthew J. , Ulissi Ulderico 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the field of lithium-based batteries, there is often a substantial divide between academic research and industrial market needs. This is in part driven by a lack of peer-reviewed publications from industry. Here we present a non-academic view on applied research in lithium-based batteries to sharpen the focus and help bridge the gap between academic and industrial research. We focus our discussion on key metrics and challenges to be considered when developing new technologies in this industry. We also explore the need to consider various performance aspects in unison when developing a new material/technology. Moreover, we also investigate the suitability of supply chains, sustainability of materials and the impact on system-level cost as factors that need to be accounted for when working on new technologies. With these considerations in mind, we then assess the latest developments in the lithium-based battery industry, providing our views on the challenges and prospects of various technologies.