bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrial Fibrillation Inpatient Management Patterns and Clinical Outcomes During The Conflict In Syria: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Antoun Ibrahim , Alkhayer Alkassem , Kotb Ahmed , Hanafi Ibrahim , Mahfoud Yaman , Barker Joseph , Mavilakandy Akash , Alkhayer Alamer , Shah Saif , Simon Peter , Somani Riyaz , Andre’ Ng G 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia worldwide. However, there is no data on AF inpatient management strategies and clinical outcomes in Syria.ObjectivesThis study aims to navigate AF inpatient management and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in a tertiary cardiology centre in Latakia, Syria.MethodsA single-centre retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at Tishreen’s University Hospital, Latakia, Syria, from June 2021 to June 2023. We included patients ≥16 years of age presenting and being treated for AF as the primary diagnosis at the emergency department. Medical records were examined for patient demographics, laboratory results, treatment plans and inpatient details. Inpatient cardiovascular mortality was the primary outcome of interest.ResultsThe study included 596 patients. The median age was 58 and 61% were males. Only 121 patients (20.3%) were known to have AF. Rhythm control strategy was persuaded in 39% of patients, with Amiodarone being the only agent utilised while the rest adopted a rate control approach. CV Mortality occurred in 28 patients (4.7%). The presence of smoking (aOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.1, P=0.04), thyroid disease (aOR= 9.7, 95% CI= 1.2 to 91.6, P<0.001), COPD (aOR: 82, 95% CI: 12.7 to 711, P<0.001) and valvular heart disease (VHD) (aOR= 9.1, 95% CI: 1.7 to 55.1, P<0.001) were independent risk factors of cardiovascular inpatient mortality.ConclusionCurrent smoking, thyroid disease, COPD and VHD were independent risk factors of inpatient cardiovascular mortality with AF in Syria. Elective rhythm control was challenging due to limited resources.
Single-Molecule Tracking Reveals Dynamic Regulation of Ribosomal Scanning
Authors: Hong Hea Jin , Zhang Antonia L. , Conn Adam B. , Blaha Gregor , O’Leary Seán E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo initiate protein synthesis, the eukaryotic ribosomal pre-initiation complex must survey a messenger RNA leader sequence to identify the correct start codon.1This pre-initiation complex motion through the leader, termed ‘scanning’, is coordinated by an intricate and highly-dynamic assemblage of translation factors, mRNA, initiator tRNA, and the small ribosomal subunit.2,3,4Fundamental aspects of scanning dynamics remain poorly understood: estimates of its rate vary widely, and mechanisms that establish and regulate the motion remain largely unknown. Here we show, at the single-molecule level, that theSaccharomyces cerevisiaepre-initiation complex scans a diverse set of mRNA leaders at a rate of 10 – 20 nt s−1. Our data quantitatively support a scanning mechanism in which the mRNA leader is inspected base by base, essentially unidirectionally, and with modest sensitivity to mRNA structure. Unexpectedly, scanning bypasses canonical start sites where the initiator tRNA is present but GTP hydrolysis in the pre-initiation complex is impaired. Conversely, binding of theS. cerevisiaepoly(A)-binding protein Pab1p to its own mRNA leader hinders scanning in a concentration-dependent manner. At saturating, physiological concentrations, Pab1p prolongs scanning by more than four-fold, evoking an autoregulation mechanism for translation initiation. Our data provide a real-time mechanistic framework for scanning regulation and energetics.
Emerging Links Between COVID-19 and Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Thromboembolic Events: A Systematic Review
Authors: Agarwal Abhimanyu , Panjiyar Binay K , Manishbhai Patel Dhwani , Ghotra Monica , Husain Mahato Gulam Husain Nabi , Brijeshkumar Upadhyay Ronak 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTCOVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, initially identified as a respiratory illness, has increasingly been linked to a broader range of organ complications. This systematic review explores the impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health, focusing on thromboembolic events in post-COVID patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar databases up to July 2023, utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies meeting eligibility criteria were analyzed for outcomes and associations between COVID-19 and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. The review includes 6 studies involving over 12 million patients, demonstrating a strong connection between COVID-19 and elevated risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular thromboembolic events. The risk of these events is evident in conditions such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, and cardiac arrhythmias. The burden of these events beyond the acute phase of the disease is concerning, warranting further exploration of long-term implications. Variability in event rates among different cohorts and healthcare settings underscores the need for understanding underlying factors influencing these differences. Potential mechanisms behind these events include endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and viral invasion. Implications for public health policies, clinical guidelines, and future research directions are discussed. This review serves as a valuable resource for healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers to enhance patient care, outcomes, and preparedness for future waves of COVID-19 infections. However, there remain unexplored aspects of the COVID-19 and thromboembolic events relationship, urging further investigations into mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic interventions.
Atrial arrhythmogenesis in ex vivo aged mouse hearts with hypokalemia and right atrial stretch
Authors: Cayton Jessica , Nourian Zahra , Lambert Michelle , Liu Zhenguo , Domeier Timothy L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionAtrial Fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) are the two most common cardiac arrhythmias in the United States. While advanced age has been correlated to AF/AFL, the lack of an appropriate animal model has hindered progress on better understanding the pathophysiology of atrial arrhythmogenesis. Both hypokalemic conditions and hemodynamic stretch have been associated with atrial tachyarrhythmias in patient populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of atrial tachyarrhythmias in an ex vivo aging C57BL/6 mouse model following hypokalemia and stretch challenges.MethodsHearts were isolated with combined cannulation of the aorta and superior vena cava in a modified right-sided working heart perfusion technique. Isolated hearts of Aged (26-29 month) male (n=14) and female (n=14) mice were subjected to normokalemic and hypokalemic conditions ± atrial preload elevation to 12 cmH20 to induce atrial stretch. Heart rate, right ventricular (RV) pressure development, and incidence of atrial tachyarrhythmias were monitored using a pressure catheter and intracardiac electrocardiogram.ResultsIn response to hypokalemia, there were no changes in mean heart rate, RV pressure development, or RV Rate-Pressure Product (Rate x RV peak pressure). Atrial tachyarrhythmias were not observed under baseline conditions, and only 1 of 8 hearts exhibited atrial tachycardia following the hypokalemia challenge. In response to atrial preload elevation, there was an increase in heart rate (P=0.0006 versus baseline) with no change in RV pressure development. RV Rate-Pressure Product was significantly elevated (P=0.013 versus baseline) with atrial preload due to the increase in heart rate.Atrial tachyarrhythmias were not observed under both baseline conditions and following atrial preload elevation. In response to the combined hypokalemia and preload challenges, there was an increase in heart rate (P=0.008 versus baseline) with no change in RV pressure development or RV Rate Pressure product. Atrial tachyarrhythmias were not observed under baseline conditions, yet after the combined challenges 50% of aged hearts exhibited atrial tachycardia or AF/AFL. During bouts of AF/AFL, the AF/AFL led to a variable ventricular response and concomitant contractile dysfunction in the form of variable RV pressure development.ConclusionEx vivo aged mouse hearts exhibit atrial tachyarrhythmias in response to combined hypokalemia and right atrial stretch conditions. The aged C57BL/6 mouse model is therefore useful for pre-clinical studies of atrial arrhythmogenesis.
A pangenomic atlas reveals that eco-evolutionary dynamics shape plant pathogen type VI secretion systems
Authors: Aoun Nathalie , Georgoulis Stratton J. , Avalos Jason K. , Grulla Kimberly J. , Miqueo Kasey , Tom Cloe , Lowe-Power Tiffany M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoil-borneRalstonia solanacearumspecies complex (RSSC) bacteria disrupt rhizosphere and endophytic microbial communities as they invade roots and fatally wilt plants. RSSC pathogens secrete antimicrobial toxins using a type VI secretion system (T6SS). To investigate how evolution and ecology have shaped pathogen T6SS biology, we analyzed the T6SS gene content and architecture across the RSSC pangenome and their evolutionarily relatives. Our analysis reveals that two ecologically similar Burkholderiaceae taxa, xylem pathogenic RSSC bacteria andAcidovorax, have convergently evolved to wield large arsenals of T6SS toxins. To understand the mechanisms underlying genomic enrichment of T6SS toxins, we compiled an atlas of 1,069 auxiliary (“aux”) T6SS toxin clusters across 99 high-quality RSSC genomes. We classified 25 types ofauxclusters with toxins that predominantly target lipids, nucleic acids, or unknown cellular substrates. Theauxclusters were in diverse genetic neighborhoods and had complex phylogenetic distributions, suggesting frequent horizontal gene flow. Phages and other mobile genetic elements account for most of theauxcluster acquisition on the chromosome but very little on the megaplasmid. Nevertheless, RSSC genomes were more enriched inauxclusters on the megaplasmid. Secondary replicons like megaplasmids often evolve more rapidly than the more evolutionarily stable chromosome. Although the single ancestral T6SS was broadly conserved in the RSSC, the T6SS was convergently lost in atypical lineages with vectored transmission. Overall, our data suggest dynamic interplay between the lifestyle of soil-transmitted RSSC lineages and the evolution of T6SSs with robust arsenals of toxins. This pangenomic atlas poises the RSSC as an emerging, tractable model to understand the role of the T6SS in shaping pathogen populations.
Magnitude and Kinetics of a set of Neuroanatomic Volume and Thickness together with White Matter Hyperintensity is definitive of Cognitive Status and Brain Age
Authors: Yadav Neha , Gupta Niraj Kumar , Thakar Darshit , Tiwari Vivek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn an aging population, a subset of individuals at a given age group have low white matter hyperintensity (WMH) while another subset has intermediate to high WMH load. WMH load quantification together with comprehensive neuroanatomic volumetry needs to be examined together for establishing a unique precise and optimal number of brain features as a noninvasive indicator of ‘Brain Age’ and cognitive status. Here, a comprehensive neuroanatomic volumetry together with WMH quantification using longitudinal MRI and cognitive measurements from two aging cohorts have been performed together with machine learning modeling of the quantitative changes with aging to establish Optimal unique brain events discriminative of cognitive status and estimative of Brain Age. A set of Three optimal brain-associated quantities; wherein two are neuroanatomic features Total brain volume; CSF volume, and the third is the extent of microvascular pathology WMH load, provide highly precise discrimination of cognitive status as cognitively normal (CN), impaired (CI) and AD (CI-AD). While medial cortical thinning of Parahippocampal gyrus is an ‘early age event’ discriminative between CI and CI-AD but loss of hippocampus, gray matter and white matter volume lacks sensitivity to discriminate between CI and CI-AD. The Brain Age estimation using the neuroanatomic volumetry and periventricular and deep WMH load indicates that elevated WMH load in the brain led to an increased Brain Age gap than the brain with low WMH at a given chronological age. Increased Brain Age gap with elevated WMH load at the early age groups is suggestive of profound vascular insult arising from WMH to the brain structure and function.
Funding startups using contingent option of value appreciation: theory and formula
Authors: Wang Shaun Shuxun 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThis paper provides a structural model to value startup companies and determine the optimal level of research and development (R&D) spending by these companies.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes a new variant of float-the-money options, which can act as a financial instrument for financing R&D expenses for a specific time horizon or development stage, allowing the investor to share in the startup's value appreciation over that duration. Another innovation of this paper is that it develops a structural model for evaluating optimal level of R&D spending over a given time horizon. The paper deploys the Gompertz-Cox model for the R&D project outcomes, which facilitates investigation of how increased level of R&D input can enhance the company's value growth.FindingsThe author first introduces a time-varying drift term into standard Black-Scholes model to account for the varying growth rates of the startup at different stages, and the author interprets venture capital's investment in the startup as a “float-the-money” option. The author then incorporates the probabilities of startup failures at multiple stages into their financial valuation. The author gets a closed-form pricing formula for the contingent option of value appreciation. Finally, the author utilizes Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the optimal level of R&D input that maximizes the return on investment.Research limitations/implicationsThe integrated contingent claims model links the change in the financial valuation of startups with the incremental R&D spending. The Gompertz-Cox contingency model for R&D success rate is used to quantify the optimal level of R&D input. This model assumption may be simplistic, but nevertheless illustrative.Practical implicationsOnce supplemented with actual transaction data, the model can serve as a reference benchmark valuation of new project deals and previously invested projects seeking exit.Social implicationsThe integrated structural model can potentially have much wider applications beyond valuation of startup companies. For instance, in valuing a company's risk management, the level of R&D spending in the model can be replaced by the company's budget for risk management. As another promising application, in evaluating a country's economic growth rate in the face of rising climate risks, the level of R&D spending in this paper can be replaced by a country's investment in addressing climate risks.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to develop an integrated valuation model for startups by combining the real-world R&D project contingencies with risk-neutral valuation of the potential payoffs.
The interplay of entrepreneurial personality and startup innovativeness – the mediation effect of technology adoption
Authors: Becker Felix Simon Rudolf , Escoz Barragan Kevin , Huge sive Huwe Daria , Ernst Beatrice Shenara , Strina Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

PurposeIn the ever-evolving digital landscape, this study aims to explore which specific personality traits contribute to the innovativeness of startups, with a particular emphasis on understanding how technology adoption mediates this relationship. By doing so, the authors strive to unveil the nuanced dynamics of personality, technology adoption and startup innovativeness in the digital era.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a quantitative empirical analysis using a sample of 1,314 German startups. This study utilizes a mediation analysis to examine the effects of personality traits on the innovativeness of startups, taking technology adoption as a mediator into account.FindingsThe empirical results show certain personality traits have direct effects on innovativeness. Also, the results show that technology adoption is a driver of startup innovativeness. In addition, these traits are (partially) mediated by technology adoption.Research limitations/implicationsThe results shed new light on the interplay of entrepreneurs' personality and technology adoption in relation to startup innovativeness and therefore underline the importance of technology in this triangular relationship. The authors employ secondary data from startups in Germany, which complicates generalization of the results to other geographical and cultural contexts.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the scientific debate on the role of personality traits in entrepreneurship by providing empirical evidence on the mediating effect of technology adoption in the relationship between personality traits and startup innovativeness. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers, entrepreneurs and policymakers interested in understanding and promoting innovativeness in the context of startups.
Mobilising big data analytics capabilities to improve performance of tourism supply chains: the moderating role of dynamic capabilities
Authors: Gupta Yuvika , Khan Farheen Mujeeb , Kumar Anil , Luthra Sunil , Queiroz Maciel M. 
Published: September 2023

PurposeWith the emergence of big data analytics and the importance of analytics-driven decisions, the travel industry is swiftly jumping on and adopting the bandwagon. However, research in this domain is limited. Accordingly, the present research seeks to understand how big data analytics capabilities (BDAC) add value to tourism supply chains (TSCs) and can dynamic capabilities (DC) improve the triple bottom line.Design/methodology/approachData from 218 valid responses were collected from different Indian tourism industry units. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to confirm the constructs, followed by partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to check the mediating effect of DC on TSCs performance.FindingsThe findings show that BDAC significantly influence the performance of TSCs and that DC plays a critical role in strengthening the impact of BDAC on TSCs' economic performance. These results corroborate that DC plays a key moderating role.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes significantly to the tourism sector in India, where tourism is a key contributor to the country's gross domestic product. Theoretically, this study contributes to the resource-based view (RBV) and practically encourages professionals in the tourism sector to promote the use of BDAC to enhance the performance of TSCs.Originality/valueThe originality of the study is that it has tried to comprehend the moderating role of dynamic capabilities which impact BDAC to improve TSC performance.
Assessing the mediating role and multiple group analysis in physicians’ habit persistence toward prescribing behavior using SmartPLS software
Authors: Murshid Mohsen Ali , Mohaidin Zurina , Zayed Mohammad , Al-Sakkaf Mohammed Alawi , Al-Hakimi Mohammed A. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
Although there is evidence that the efforts of pharmaceutical marketing exert a positive and significant influence on physician prescription decisions, the specific mechanisms by which this impact occurs remain uncertain. To address this issue, this study aims to investigate whether the physician’s habit persistence may explain the relationship between marketing efforts such as brand attributes and drug promotion and prescribing behavior. This study also explores whether there was any significant difference between specialists and general practitioners (GPs) regarding the effect of brand attributes and drug promotion on physician’s habit persistence, which influences prescribing behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey instrument was administered to physicians, encompassing specialists in a particular field and GPs who provide primary care services. A nonparametric partial least squares multigroup analysis was used to analyze 393 valid responses using partial least squares-structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results indicate that the decision to prescribe the drug may be affected by the physician’s habit persistence in the presence of vital brand attributes and drug promotion. The relationship between physician’s habit persistence and prescribing behavior is significant in GPs and specialist groups. The findings also reveal that brand attributes are the most influential and significant determinant of physician’s habit persistence in the GPs group. In addition, physician specialists are more aware of the influence of drug promotion initiatives than GPs. Furthermore, this study discovered that the relationship between drug promotion and physician’s habit persistence indicates a significant difference between specialists and GPs.

Originality/value
Although several marketing scholars discuss the factors influencing prescribing behavior, a few studies have shown the role of brand attributes and drug promotion and their effect on physician’s habit persistence. This study will specifically contribute by examining the mediating role of physician’s habit persistence between marketing efforts and prescribing behavior. In addition, so far, no studies have effectively made a comparative analysis across physicians regarding the effect of marketing efforts on physician’s habit persistence and prescribing behavior.
Cloud computing adoption decision-making process: a sensemaking analysis
Authors: Polyviou Ariana , Pouloudi Nancy , Venters Will 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThe authors study how cloud adoption decision making unfolds in organizations and present the dynamic process leading to a decision to adopt or reject cloud computing. The authors thus complement earlier literature on factors that influence cloud adoption.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt an interpretive epistemology to understand the process of cloud adoption decision making. Following an empirical investigation drawing on interviews with senior managers who led the cloud adoption decision making in organizations from across Europe. The authors outline a framework that shows how cloud adoptions follow multiple cycles in three broad phases.FindingsThe study findings demonstrate that cloud adoption decision making is a recursive process of learning about cloud through three broad phases: building perception about cloud possibilities, contextualizing cloud possibilities in terms of current computing resources and exposing the cloud proposition to others involved in making the decision. Building on these findings, the authors construct a framework of this process which can inform practitioners in making decisions on cloud adoption.Originality/valueThis work contributes to authors understanding of how cloud adoption decisions unfold and provides a framework for cloud adoption decisions that has theoretical and practical value. The study further demonstrates the role of the decision-leader, typically the CIO, in this process and identifies how other internal and external stakeholders are involved. It sheds light on the relevance of the phases of the cloud adoption decision-making process to different cloud adoption factors identified in the extant literature.