bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Fluids and Where to Find Them: Using Seismic Attenuation and Anisotropy to Map Fluids Beneath Uturuncu Volcano, Bolivia
Authors: Hudson T. S. , Kendall J. M. , Blundy J. D. , Pritchard M. E. , MacQueen P. , Wei S. S. , Gottsmann J. H. , Lapins S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMapping fluid accumulation in the crust is pertinent for numerous applications including volcanic hazard assessment, geothermal energy generation, and mineral exploration. Here, we use seismic attenuation tomography to map the distribution of fluids in the crust below Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia. Seismic P wave and S wave attenuation, as well as their ratio (QP/QS), constrain where the crust is partially and fully fluid‐saturated. Seismic anisotropy observations further constrain the mechanism by which the fluids accumulate, predominantly along aligned faults and fractures in this case. Furthermore, subsurface pressure‐temperature profiles and conductivity data allow us to identify the most likely fluid composition. We identify shallow regions of both dry and H2O/brine‐saturated crust, as well as a deeper supercritical H2O/brine column directly beneath Uturuncu. Our observations provide a greater understanding of Uturuncu's transcrustal hydrothermal system, and act as an example of how such methods could be applied to map crustal fluid pathways and hydrothermal/geothermal systems elsewhere.
2‐D Vp and Vs Models of the Indian Oceanic Crust Adjacent to the NinetyEast Ridge
Authors: Contreras‐Reyes Eduardo , Obando‐Orrego Sebastián , Grevemeyer Ingo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUntil now, few offshore seismic studies have acquired simultaneously P‐ and S‐ wave data to derive in detail the seismic structure of the oceanic crust. We present 2‐D Vp and Vs models using wide‐angle seismic data at the Indian basin adjacent to the NinetyEast Ridge. Here, an outcrop basement located at the middle of the seismic line presents uppermost crustal Poisson's ratios (ν) of 0.28–0.29 (Vp ∼ 4.2 km/s and Vs ∼ 2.3 km/s). At the flanks of the outcrop basement, the sediment cover is 200–300 m thick and ν values are similar (0.28–0.3), but Vp and Vs values are higher (4.5–4.8 and 2.4–2.6 km/s, respectively). We interpret the relatively lower Vp and Vs around the basement outcrop in terms of hydrothermal alteration, while at the flanks of the basement outcrop, hydrothermal alteration has most likely ceased by sedimentation and compaction processes. Across the seismic layer 2, the Vp–Vs trend is linear and follows a ν value of 0.28–0.29, however, at the seismic layer 2/3 transition, the Vp–Vs trend abruptly changes following a ν value of 0.25–0.26. These reduced observed ν values at the layer 2/3 transition are lower than those reported by laboratory measurements for gabbro (ν ∼ 0.293) and are interpreted in terms of epidotization at the dike‐gabbro contact and/or crack‐change properties around the lower part of the intrusive sheeted dike section.
Temporal Variability of the Labrador Current Pathways Around the Tail of the Grand Banks at Intermediate Depths in a High‐Resolution Ocean Circulation Model
Authors: Gonçalves Neto Afonso , Palter Jaime B. , Xu Xiaobiao , Fratantoni Paula 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Northwest Atlantic Shelf and Slope have warmed dramatically in the past decade, changing marine life and challenging fisheries management. A rapid warming event in 2009/2010, linked to a reduced supply of cold water from the Labrador Sea, pushed this region to a new state of unprecedentedly high temperatures that persists today. However, a mechanistic understanding of how the Labrador Current connectivity is reduced at the Tail of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland has been lacking. Here, we present the results of a 25‐year (1993–2017) Lagrangian analysis using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model. Synthetic particles were released in the vicinity of the Labrador Current upstream of the Grand Banks and tracked in a 2‐D velocity field. We found that the Labrador Current can be completely blocked by Gulf Stream eddies and meanders that impinge on the shelf break along the Grand Banks. This blocking can occur in many different locations at, upstream, or downstream of the Tail of the Grand Banks, since the Labrador Current needs a clear passage over a long distance to continue its path. In the simulation, the Labrador Current has been blocked more often since 2008, which led to the warming of the Northwest Atlantic Shelf and Slope. These results, which are consistent with satellite observations, can provide predictability for the New England and Nova Scotia shelf environments potentially helpful for ecosystem management.
A‐CHAIM: Near‐Real‐Time Data Assimilation of the High Latitude Ionosphere With a Particle Filter
Authors: Reid Ben , Themens David R. , McCaffrey Anthony , Jayachandran P. T. , Johnsen Magnar G. , Ulich Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Assimilative Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (A‐CHAIM) is an operational ionospheric data assimilation model that provides a 3D representation of the high latitude ionosphere in Near‐Real‐Time (NRT). A‐CHAIM uses low‐latency observations of slant Total Electron Content (sTEC) from ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, ionosondes, and vertical TEC from the JASON‐3 altimeter satellite to produce an updated electron density model above 45° geomagnetic latitude. A‐CHAIM is the first operational use of a particle filter data assimilation for space environment modeling, to account for the nonlinear nature of sTEC observations. The large number (>104) of simultaneous observations creates significant problems with particle weight degeneracy, which is addressed by combining measurements to form new composite observables. The performance of A‐CHAIM is assessed by comparing the model outputs to unassimilated ionosonde observations, as well as to in‐situ electron density observations from the SWARM and DMSP satellites. During moderately disturbed conditions from 21 September 2021 through 29 September 2021, A‐CHAIM demonstrates a 40%–50% reduction in error relative to the background model in the F2‐layer critical frequency (foF2) at midlatitude and auroral reference stations, and little change at higher latitudes. The height of the F2‐layer (hmF2) shows a small 5%–15% improvement at all latitudes. In the topside, A‐CHAIM demonstrates a 15%–20% reduction in error for the Swarm satellites, and a 23%–28% reduction in error for the DMSP satellites. The reduction in error is distributed evenly over the assimilation region, including in data‐sparse regions.
Novel evidence that the ABO blood group shapes erythropoiesis and results in higher hematocrit for blood group B carriers
Authors: Kronstein-Wiedemann Romy , Blecher Sarah , Teichert Madeleine , Schmidt Laura , Thiel Jessica , Müller Markus M. , Lausen Jörn , Schäfer Richard , Tonn Torsten 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ABO blood group (BG) system is of great importance for blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Since the same transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) govern the expression of ABO BG antigens and regulate erythropoiesis, we hypothesized functional connections between both processes. We found significantly higher hemoglobin and hematocrit values in BG B blood donors compared to BG A. Furthermore, we observed that erythropoiesis in BG B hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) was accelerated compared to BG A HSPCs. Specifically, BG B HSPCs yielded more lineage-specific progenitors in a shorter time (B: 31.3 ± 2.2% vs. A: 22.5 ± 3.0%). Moreover, non-BG A individuals exhibited more terminally differentiated RBCs with higher enucleation rates containing more hemoglobin compared to BG A. Additionally, we detected increased levels of miRNA-215-5p and -182-5p and decreased expression of their target TFs RUNX1 and HES-1 mRNAs in erythroid BG B precursor cells compared to BG A. This highlights the important roles of these factors for the disappearance of differentiation-specific glycan antigens and the appearance of cancer-specific glycan antigens. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of erythropoiesis gene regulatory networks and identifies its interference with BG-specific gene expression regulations particularly in diseases, where ABO BGs determine treatment susceptibility and disease progression.
Eoarchean and Hadean melts reveal arc-like trace element and isotopic signatures
Authors: Chowdhury Wriju , Trail Dustin , Miller Martha , Savage Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConstraining the lithological diversity and tectonics of the earliest Earth is critical to understanding our planet’s evolution. Here we use detrital Jack Hills zircon (3.7 − 4.2 Ga) analyses coupled with new experimental partitioning data to model the silica content, Si+O isotopic composition, and trace element contents of their parent melts. Comparing our derived Jack Hills zircons’ parent melt Si+O isotopic compositions (−1.92 ≤ δ30SiNBS28 ≤ 0.53 ‰; 5.23 ≤ δ18OVSMOW ≤ 9.00 ‰) to younger crustal lithologies, we conclude that the chemistry of the parent melts was influenced by the assimilation of terrigenous sediments, serpentinites, cherts, and silicified basalts, followed by igneous differentiation, leading to the formation of intermediate to felsic melts in the early Earth. Trace element measurements also show that the formational regime had an arc-like chemistry, implying the presence of mobile-lid tectonics in the Hadean. Finally, we propose that these continental-crust forming processes operated uniformly from 4.2 to at least 3.7 Ga.
Novel biomarkers for neoplastic progression from ulcerative colitis to colorectal cancer: a systems biology approach
Authors: Shahnazari Mina , Afshar Saeid , Emami Mohammad Hassan , Amini Razieh , Jalali Akram 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent studies, the void of evaluation and in-depth understanding of unknown clinically relevant potential molecular biomarkers involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) from the inflammatory stage of ulcerative colitis (UC) to CRC metastasis, which can be suitable therapeutic targets, is deeply felt. The regulation and interaction among different cancer-promoting molecules, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs) in CRC and its progression, were the aim we pursued in this study. Using microarray data, we investigated the differential expression for five datasets, including mRNA and microRNA samples related to UC, tumor/normal. Then, using robust data analysis, separate lists of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified, which were used for robust rank aggregation (RRA) and co-expression network analysis. Then, comprehensive computational systems biology analyses, including gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomic pathway enrichment analyses, mRNA-miRNA regulatory network, and survival analysis, were employed to achieve the aim of this study. Finally, we used clinical samples to validate this potential and new target. According to this systems biology approach, a total of 98 DEGs and 8 DEmiRNAs with common differential expression were identified. By combining the distinct results of RRA and network, several potential therapeutic targets, and predictive and prognostic biomarkers for UC and CRC were identified. These targets include six common hub genes, CXCL1, CXCL8, MMP7, SLCA16A9, PLAU, and TIMP1, which are upregulated. Among these, the important and new biomarker SLC16A9 is negatively regulated by hsa-mir-194-5p, and hsa-miR-378a-5p take. The findings of the present study provide new insight into the pathogenesis of CRC in UC. Our study suggests future evaluation of the functional role of SLC16A9 and hsa-mir-194-5p and hsa-miR-378a-5p in CRC development.
Bio-physiological susceptibility of the brain, heart, and lungs to systemic ischemia reperfusion and hyperoxia-induced injury in post-cardiac arrest rats
Authors: Aoki Tomoaki , Wong Vanessa , Endo Yusuke , Hayashida Kei , Takegawa Ryosuke , Okuma Yu , Shoaib Muhammad , Miyara Santiago J. , Yin Tai , Becker Lance B. , Shinozaki Koichiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCardiac arrest (CA) patients suffer from systemic ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury leading to multiple organ failure; however, few studies have focused on tissue-specific pathophysiological responses to IR-induced oxidative stress. Herein, we investigated biological and physiological parameters of the brain and heart, and we particularly focused on the lung dysfunction that has not been well studied to date. We aimed to understand tissue-specific susceptibility to oxidative stress and tested how oxygen concentrations in the post-resuscitation setting would affect outcomes. Rats were resuscitated from 10 min of asphyxia CA. Mechanical ventilation was initiated at the beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We examined animals with or without CA, and those were further divided into the animals exposed to 100% oxygen (CA_Hypero) or those with 30% oxygen (CA_Normo) for 2 h after resuscitation. Biological and physiological parameters of the brain, heart, and lungs were assessed. The brain and lung functions were decreased after CA and resuscitation indicated by worse modified neurological score as compared to baseline (222 ± 33 vs. 500 ± 0, P < 0.05), and decreased PaO2 (20 min after resuscitation: 113 ± 9 vs. baseline: 128 ± 9 mmHg, P < 0.05) and increased airway pressure (2 h: 10.3 ± 0.3 vs. baseline: 8.1 ± 0.2 mmHg, P < 0.001), whereas the heart function measured by echocardiography did not show significant differences compared before and after CA (ejection fraction, 24 h: 77.9 ± 3.3% vs. baseline: 82.2 ± 1.9%, P = 0.2886; fractional shortening, 24 h: 42.9 ± 3.1% vs. baseline: 45.7 ± 1.9%, P = 0.4658). Likewise, increases of superoxide production in the brain and lungs were remarkable, while those in the heart were moderate. mRNA gene expression analysis revealed that CA_Hypero group had increases in Il1b as compared to CA_Normo group significantly in the brain (P < 0.01) and lungs (P < 0.001) but not the heart (P = 0.4848). Similarly, hyperoxia-induced increases in other inflammatory and apoptotic mRNA gene expression were observed in the brain, whereas no differences were found in the heart. Upon systemic IR injury initiated by asphyxia CA, hyperoxia-induced injury exacerbated inflammation/apoptosis signals in the brain and lungs but might not affect the heart. Hyperoxia following asphyxia CA is more damaging to the brain and lungs but not the heart.
UCHL1, besides leptin and fibronectin, also could be a sensitive marker of the relapsing–remitting type of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Górska Ewelina , Tylicka Marzena , Hermanowicz Adam , Matuszczak Ewa , Sankiewicz Anna , Gorodkiewicz Ewa , Hermanowicz Justyna , Karpińska Elżbieta , Socha Katarzyna , Kochanowicz Jan , Jakoniuk Marta , Kamińska Joanna , Homšak Evgenija , Koper-Lenkiewicz Olga Martyna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch on the markers of immunoregulatory response in multiple sclerosis (MS) is still of great importance. The aim of our study was the evaluation of leptin, fibronectin, and UCHL1 concentrations as potential biomarkers of a relapsing–remitting type of MS (RRMS). Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRI) biosensors were used for the evaluation of proteins concentrations in 100 RRMS patients and 46 healthy volunteers. Plasma leptin, fibronectin, and UCHL1 concentrations were significantly higher in RRMS patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001, respectively). UCHL1 concentration evaluation revealed the highest diagnostic sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (100%) in differentiating MS patients from healthy individuals. There was no significant difference in the UCHL1 concentrations depending on the patient’s sex, the presence of relapse within the last 24 months, and the EDSS value (p > 0.05, respectively). In RRMS patients UCHL1 concentration positively correlated with fibronectin levels (r = 0.3928; p < 0.001). In the current cohort of patients plasma UCHL1 concentration was independent of the time of MS relapse and the severity of neurological symptoms. Thus current study may indicate that plasma UCHL1, besides leptin and fibronectin, also could be a promising high-sensitive potential biomarker of relapsing–remitting type of MS. However, these results should be validated with a larger group of patients, taking into account neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis data, and by comparing them to patients with other neurological diseases as a control group.
Comparison of portal vein hemodynamics with ultrasound-based elastography for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Yamaguchi Kanji , Seko Yuya , Sakai Takamitsu , Kitano Satomi , Okabe Hiromi , Kataoka Seita , Moriguchi Michihisa , Umemura Atsushi , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChronic liver disease includes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, progresses from steatosis and hepatitis to fibrosis and cirrhosis, with hemodynamic changes in portal blood flow. This study aimed to compare portal vein hemodynamics with liver stiffness (LS) and steatosis and included 28 subjects with chronic liver disease, in whom LS and steatosis were evaluated in the same image employing two elastography techniques: transient elastography (TE) with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using a FibroScan and two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE) with attenuation imaging (ATI). Additionally, peak maximum velocity (Vmax) of the right portal vein and spleen stiffness with 2D-SWE were evaluated. A strong positive correlation was present between LS values obtained with TE and 2D-SWE and between the attenuation coefficients of steatosis obtained with CAP and ATI. Additionally, a negative correlation was present between LS values and the Vmaxof the right portal vein (r = 0.415, p = 0.031). The optimal Vmaxcutoff value for discriminating liver fibrosis with an LS value of > 5 kPa was < 17 cm/s; the ability of Vmaxto predict fibrosis was comparable to that of the FIB4-index. Low Vmaxof the right portal vein was useful for identifying liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.
Assortativity in cognition
Authors: Bilancini Ennio , Boncinelli Leonardo , Vicario Eugenio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn pairwise interactions, where two individuals meet and play a social game with each other, assortativity in cognition means that pairs where both decision-makers use the same cognitive process are more likely to occur than what happens under random matching. In this paper, we show theoretically that assortativity in cognition may arise as a consequence of assortativity in other dimensions. Moreover, we analyze an applied model where we investigate the effects of assortativity in cognition on the emergence of cooperation and on the degree of prosociality of intuition and deliberation, which are the typical cognitive processes postulated by the dual process theory in psychology. In particular, with assortativity in cognition, deliberation is able to shape the intuitive heuristic toward cooperation, increasing the degree of prosociality of intuition, and ultimately promoting the overall cooperation. Our findings rely on agent-based simulations, but analytical results are also obtained in a special case. We conclude with examples involving different payoff matrices of the underlying social games, showing that assortativity in cognition can have non-trivial implications in terms of its societal desirability.
Interconnected hydrologic extreme drivers and impacts depicted by remote sensing data assimilation
Authors: Lahmers Timothy M. , Kumar Sujay V. , Locke Kim A. , Wang Shugong , Getirana Augusto , Wrzesien Melissa L. , Liu Pang-Wei , Ahmad Shahryar Khalique 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHydrologic extremes often involve a complex interplay of several processes. For example, flood events can have a cascade of impacts, such as saturated soils and suppressed vegetation growth. Accurate representation of such interconnected processes while accounting for associated triggering factors and subsequent impacts of flood events is difficult to achieve with conceptual hydrological models alone. In this study, we use the 2019 flood in the Northern Mississippi and Missouri Basins, which caused a series of hydrologic disturbances, as an example of such a flood event. This event began with above-average precipitation combined with anomalously high snowmelt in spring 2019. This series of anomalies resulted in above normal soil moisture that prevented crops from being planted over much of the corn belt region. In the present study, we demonstrate that incorporating remote sensing information within a hydrologic modeling system adds substantial value in representing the processes that lead to the 2019 flood event and the resulting agricultural disturbances. This remote sensing data infusion improves the accuracy of soil moisture and snowmelt estimates by up to 16% and 24%, respectively, and it also improves the representation of vegetation anomalies relative to the reference crop fraction anomalies.
Nondestructive thermographic detection of internal defects using pixel-pattern based laser excitation and photothermal super resolution reconstruction
Authors: Lecompagnon Julien , Hirsch Philipp Daniel , Rupprecht Christian , Ziegler Mathias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, we present a novel approach to photothermal super resolution based thermographic resolution of internal defects using two-dimensional pixel pattern-based active photothermal laser heating in conjunction with subsequent numerical reconstruction to achieve a high-resolution reconstruction of internal defect structures. With the proposed adoption of pixelated patterns generated using laser coupled high-power DLP projector technology the complexity for achieving true two-dimensional super resolution can be dramatically reduced taking a crucial step forward towards widespread practical viability. Furthermore, based on the latest developments in high-power DLP projectors, we present their first application for structured pulsed thermographic inspection of macroscopic metal samples. In addition, a forward solution to the underlying inverse problem is proposed along with an appropriate heuristic to find the regularization parameters necessary for the numerical inversion in a laboratory setting. This allows the generation of synthetic measurement data, opening the door for the application of machine learning based methods for future improvements towards full automation of the method. Finally, the proposed method is experimentally validated and shown to outperform several established conventional thermographic testing techniques while conservatively improving the required measurement times by a factor of 8 compared to currently available photothermal super resolution techniques.