bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production cost modeling for permanent magnet synchronous machines for electric vehicles
Authors: Hemsen Jonas , Nowak Nikita , Eckstein Lutz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA cost model for the estimation of production costs of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) is presented, which allows to alter design choices such as wire technology, winding layout, cooling system, materials and more. With the goal to make results reproducible by others, the methods are explained in detail and used data and assumptions are given. The developed model helps to understand the interaction between the design of PMSM, manufacturing methods and the resulting costs. With it, different PMSM technologies and materials can be evaluated regarding its influence on the production costs, which is a perquisite to find the best compromise between performance and costs. Production volume is shown to be the most decisive factor for the resulting production costs. Between minimum and maximum assumed volumes, an average cost per unit reduction of 67% could be observed. Furthermore, the results imply that the winding production is responsible for the greatest part of the overall costs, followed by the rotor assembly (including rare earth magnets). When using the model to compare different wire types, it can be stated that up to a production volume of roughly 150,000 units/year, hairpin wires are more expensive to produce. Above this volume, hairpin windings will get cheaper than round wire windings due to its higher grade of automation of the production process. Through the conducted investigations and the presented results, it is demonstrated that the cost model can serve to evaluate technologies with regards to costs in the early development stage. This way a more holistic assessment of technologies for PMSM is possible, helping to find the ideal compromises between costs and performance and to increase the attractiveness of sustainable mobility.
Vielfalt an Betroffenheit: Politische, räumliche, soziale und zeitliche Skalenperspektiven auf die Endlagerung hochradioaktiver Abfälle
Authors: Brunnengräber Achim , Schwarz Lucas 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDas komplexe Standortsuchverfahren für ein Endlager für hochradioaktive Abfälle in Deutschland befindet sich noch in seiner Anfangsphase, die laut Gesetz im Wesentlichen auf nationaler Ebene angesiedelt ist. Doch bereits jetzt lassen sich auf Länderebene, in Regionen und Kommunen die unterschiedlichsten Aktivitäten beobachten. Sie alle eint, dass sie von einem Teilgebiet betroffen sind und vermutlich günstige geologische Eigenschaften für die Endlagerung besitzen. Das Spektrum reicht von der Bildung von Bürger*inneninitiativen über die Vergabe von wissenschaftlichen Gutachten, durch die die Eignung der eigenen Region geprüft werden soll, bis zur Gründung von Koordinationsstellen zur kritischen Begleitung des Verfahrens. Betroffenheit äußert sich damit sehr divers, wird aber in der Regel stark auf die politische Skala begrenzt. Wir argumentieren, dass Betroffenheit weiter gefasst werden muss, und entwickeln dafür eine Perspektive, die politische, räumliche, soziale und zeitliche Skalen umfasst. Diese Skalenperspektive erlaubt es, Betroffenheiten in ihrer Vielfalt und Weiträumigkeit verstehen zu können. Unsere These ist, dass Handlungsweisen und Entscheidungen, die nur wenige oder einzelne Betroffenheiten berücksichtigen, im Standortsuchverfahren zu kurz begreifen. Es bedarf kooperativer politischer Arbeitsweisen, um die diffusen Betroffenheiten in Bezug zueinander setzen zu können.
Safe havens for energy democracy? Analysing the low-carbon transitions of Danish energy islands
Authors: Busch Henner , Radtke Jörg , Islar Mine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDenmark has long been known as a pioneer in renewable energy technology development. Apart from technological leadership, Denmark has also been the home to many community-based renewable energy initiatives. Citizen involvement in local energy projects has been key to increasing and maintaining acceptance to wind, solar and biomass. Three Danish islands (Bornholm, Samsø and Ærø) have been particularly active in promoting renewables. All three have claimed the title “energy island” and two of them have established specific institutions to promote further RE projects. In this article, we investigate community energy projects on two of the islands (Samsø and Ærø) through an Energy Democracy lens. The purpose of this investigation is to understand how the development on these islands relate to the concept of Energy Democracy: we outline how democratic processes and institutions shape the development of the local infrastructure and how this development, in turn, shaped local democracy. We found that many of the features of Energy Democracy were present in the two cases. Our research highlights a number of shortcomings of the concept of energy democracy, most importantly, a certain disregard for questions of energy justice and a blindness towards questions of scale.
Introducing digital technologies in person-related services—Support through Social Service Engineering
Authors: Steputat-Rätze Anne , Gilbert Kristin , Pietrzyk Ulrike , Wöhlert Romy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe trend towards digitalization has made its way into personal services, promising better service quality for customers and improved working conditions for service providers. However, the implementation of digital technologies remains a major challenge, especially for smaller companies. Building on the results of the SO-SERVE project, this paper presents the concept of Social Service Engineering and its practical application in introducing a digital tool in two daycare centers. The software provided to the employees on tablets was intended to support the information and documentation processes, as the design of internal and external information flows and documentation processes in the daycare centers proved to be particularly challenging. The paper presents two exemplary SO-SERVE tools used in the daycare centers: ‘Digitization Checklists’ provide company managers and business unit managers with an overview of the necessary steps for the standardized use of software and hardware within the company. ‘Digitization companions’ are employees who are readily available to their colleagues as contact persons for questions and concerns about working with the new digital tool. An initial online evaluation with 23 educators from the daycare centers reveals that the digital tool and supporting SO-SERVE tools have improved information and documentation processes, and the work situation of employees. Both educators and parents benefit from the improvements.
Financial recommendations on Reddit, stock returns and cumulative prospect theory
Authors: Reichenbach Felix , Walther Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study investigates stock recommendations from the three largest finance subreddits on Reddit: wallstreetbets, investing and stocks. A simple strategy that buys recommended stocks weighted by the number of posts per day yields a portfolio with higher average returns at the expense of higher risks than the market for all holding periods, i.e., unfavorable Sharpe ratios. Furthermore, the strategy leads to positive (insignificant) short-term and negative (significant) long-term alphas when considering common risk factors. This is consistent with the idea of “meme stocks”, meaning that the recommended stocks are artificially inflated in the short term when they are recommended, and that the posts contain no information about long-term success. However, it is likely that Reddit users, especially on the subreddit wallstreetbets, have preferences for bets which are not captured by the mean–variance framework. Therefore, we draw on cumulative prospect theory (CPT). We find that the CPT-valuations of the Reddit portfolio exceed those of the market, which may explain the persistent attractiveness for investors to follow social media stock recommendations despite the unfavorable risk-return ratio.
A theoretical study of the effect and mechanism of FeN3-doped biochar for greenhouse gas mitigation
Authors: Wang Hong-Rui , Zhou Wen-Tao , Xiong Rui , Zhong Kang-Yu , He Jing , Ma Xin , Wu Qing , Long Pan , Fu Zhi-Qiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPaddy fields are a major emission source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) [for instance, methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2)] among agricultural fields. Biochar has been deemed a potential candidate for the reduction of GHGs in paddy fields. However, there is no consistent conclusion that biochar can simultaneously reduce emissions of CH4, N2O, and CO2. Herein, we proposed the FeN3-doped biochar (FG) as an excellent material for GHGs restriction in paddy fields via the first-principles calculation. The computation results indicated that the FG exhibited satisfactory adsorption ability for CH4, CO2, and N2O, which improved the adsorption energies to −1.37 , −1.54, and −2.91 eV, respectively. Moreover, the density of state (DOS) analyses revealed that the factor responsible for FeN3-doped biochar to exhibit excellent adsorption ability was the occurrence of drastic energy up- or down-shift of the electron for Fe d, C p, O p, or N p orbital upon adsorption of CH4, CO2, or N2O. Our study suggested an advanced modified biochar material for reducing the GHGs emissions in paddy fields, in addition to exploring the adsorption properties and mechanisms of FeN3-doped biochar for GHGs mitigation, which provided a strategy to explore biochar modification and efficient emission reduction materials.
Graphical Abstract
Das digitale Sportangebot „Get Up – Stand Up – Move Up“ während der Covid-19-Pandemie: eine Interviewstudie mit teilnehmenden Grundschulkindern
Authors: Limmeroth Julia , Jebram Lea , Heussner Florian , Hagemann Norbert , Scheid Volker 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Covid-19-Pandemie führte während des zweiten Lockdowns zu einer Reduktion der körperlichen Aktivität der Kinder in Deutschland. Um den erschwerten Möglichkeiten, sich als Kind zu bewegen, etwas entgegenzusetzen, wurde ein digitales Sportangebot initiiert. Dieses nahm insbesondere die Befriedigung der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse in den Blick und richtete sich an Kinder im Grundschulalter. Weiterhin stand die Vermittlung von Freude an der Bewegung im Fokus. Fünf bis sechs Wochen nach Projektstart wurden acht Interviews mit Kindern (N = 8) im Alter von 7 bis 10 Jahren (M = 8,38,SD = 1,19) geführt. Ein Mädchen, das ebenfalls am Projekt teilgenommen hatte, fungierte als Interviewerin. Die Interviews fanden digital via Zoom statt. Mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurden die Ergebnisse zunächst kategorisiert und anschließend mit der Software MAXQDA Analytics analysiert. Grundsätzlich zeigte sich in den Aussagen der Kinder, dass insbesondere das Autonomie- und Kompetenzerleben befriedigt werden konnte. Hinsichtlich der sozialen Eingebundenheit ergab sich ein diverseres Bild, welches nur bedingt auf eine Förderung durch das digitale Format schließen lässt. Ungeachtet dessen berichteten alle Kinder davon, dass ihnen das digital vermittelte Sporttreiben Freude bereitet hätte. Abschließend werden mögliche Synergieeffekte hinsichtlich der Verknüpfung analoger und digitaler Formate diskutiert.
Intelligent machines, collectives, and moral responsibility
Authors: Courtenage Simon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCollectives, such as companies, are generally thought to be moral agents and hence capable of being held responsible for what they do. If collectives, being non-human, can be ascribed moral responsibility, then can we do the same for machines? Is it equally the case that machines, particularly intelligent machines, can be held morally responsible for what they choose to do? I consider the conditions required for moral responsibility, and argue that, in terms of the agency condition, artificial, non-human entities in general are excused from being responsible because, although they may choose their actions, the beliefs and desires that form the basis of their choices are predetermined by their designers, placing them in an analogous position to persons suffering covert manipulation. This creates a problem for collective responsibility, but I argue that collectives, through their supervention on human persons, represent an exception. Finally, I consider that the design of future machines may be sufficiently abstract and high-level as to fall below some threshold of influence, allowing machines enough freedom for us to hold them responsible.
Longitudinally aligned inner-patterned silk fibroin conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Escobar Ane , Carvalho Mariana R. , Silva Tiago H. , Reis Rui L. , Oliveira J. Miguel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPeripheral nerve injuries represent a major clinical challenge, if nerve ends retract, there is no spontaneous regeneration, and grafts are required to proximate the nerve ends and give continuity to the nerve. The nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) presented in this work are silk fibroin (SF)-based, which is biocompatible and very versatile. The formation of conduits is obtained by forming a covalently cross-linked hydrogel in two concentric moulds, and the inner longitudinally aligned pattern of the SF NGCs is obtained through the use of a patterned inner mould. SF NGCs with two wall thicknesses of ~ 200 to ~ 400 μm are synthesized. Their physicochemical and mechanical characteristics have shown improved properties when the wall thickness is thicker such as resistance to kinking, which is of special importance as conduits might also be used to substitute nerves in flexible body parts. The Young modulus is higher for conduits with inner pattern, and none of the conduits has shown any salt deposition in presence of simulated body fluid, meaning they do not calcify; thus, the regeneration does not get impaired when conduits have contact with body fluids. In vitro studies demonstrated the biocompatibility of the SF NGCs; proliferation is enhanced when iSCs are cultured on top of conduits with longitudinally aligned pattern. BJ fibroblasts cannot infiltrate through the SF wall, avoiding scar tissue formation on the lumen of the graft when used in vivo. These conduits have been demonstrated to be very versatile and fulfil with the requirements for their use in PNR.
Venetoclax: A New Partner in the Novel Treatment Era for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: El-Cheikh Jean , Bidaoui Ghassan , Saleh Mustafa , Moukalled Nour , Abou Dalle Iman , Bazarbachi Ali 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) are two closely related blood cancers that are more frequent in older adults. AML is the most common type of adult acute leukemia, and MDS is characterized by ineffective blood cell production and abnormalities in the bone marrow and blood. Both can be resistant to treatment, often due to dysfunction in the process of apoptosis, the body’s natural mechanism for cell death. Venetoclax, an orally-administered medication that selectively targets the BCL-2 protein, has shown promise in enhancing treatment sensitivity in some hematological malignancies by reducing the apoptotic threshold. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of venetoclax in treating AML and MDS, as well as potential mechanisms of resistance to the medication.

Methods
A literature search was conducted utilizing PUBMED to capture all relevant research articles on the use of venetoclax as a therapy for both diseases. The MeSH terms “acute myeloid leukemia”, “myelodysplastic syndrome” and “venetoclax” were searched. Furthermore, Clinicaltrials.gov was accessed to ensure the inclusion of all ongoing clinical trials.

Results
Although Venetoclax showed modest results as a single-agent therapy in AML, venetoclax-based combination therapies? mainly with hypomethylating agents or low-dose cytarabine? yielded significantly positive results. Preliminary results oN the use of venetoclax-based combination therapy with HMA, mainly azacitidine, in unfit high-risk MDS also yielded optimistic results. Identification of mutations for which various drugs have been approved has spurred active investigation of venetoclax in combination trials.

Conclusion
Venetoclax-based combination therapies have been shown to induce rapid responses and increase overall survival in AML patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy. These therapies are also yielding positive preliminary results in high-risk MDS patients in phase I trials. Resistance to venetoclax and drug-related toxicity are two main obstacles that need to be overcome to reap the full benefits of this therapy.
Binary factors of shifts of finite type
Authors: PUTNAM IAN F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe construct two new classes of topological dynamical systems; one is a factor of a one-sided shift of finite type while the second is a factor of the two-sided shift. The data are a finite graph which presents the shift of finite type, a second finite directed graph and a pair of embeddings of it into the first, satisfying certain conditions. The factor is then obtained from a simple idea based on binary expansion of real numbers. In both cases, we construct natural metrics on the factors and, in the second case, this makes the system a Smale space, in the sense of Ruelle. We compute various algebraic invariants for these systems, including the homology for Smale space developed by the author and the K-theory of various$C^{*}$-algebras associated to them, in terms of the pair of original graphs.
Synchronous post-acceleration of laser-driven protons in helical coil targets by controlling the current dispersion
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Mei Zhusong , Kong Defeng , Pan Zhuo , Xu Shirui , Gao Ying , Shou Yinren , Wang Pengjie , Cao Zhengxuan , Liang Yulan , Peng Ziyang , Zhao Jiarui , Chen Shiyou , Song Tan , Chen Xun , Xu Tianqi , Yan Xueqing , Ma Wenjun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Post-acceleration of protons in helical coil targets driven by intense, ultrashort laser pulses can enhance ion energy by utilizing the transient current from the targets’ self-discharge. The acceleration length of protons can exceed a few millimeters, and the acceleration gradient is of the order of GeV/m. How to ensure the synchronization between the accelerating electric field and the protons is a crucial problem for efficient post-acceleration. In this paper, we study how the electric field mismatch induced by current dispersion affects the synchronous acceleration of protons. We propose a scheme using a two-stage helical coil to control the current dispersion. With optimized parameters, the energy gain of protons is increased by four times. Proton energy is expected to reach 45 MeV using a hundreds-of-terawatts laser, or more than 100 MeV using a petawatt laser, by controlling the current dispersion.
Effect of surfactants during drop formation in a microfluidic channel: a combined experimental and computational fluid dynamics approach
Authors: Kalli M. , Pico P. , Chagot L. , Kahouadji L. , Shin S. , Chergui J. , Juric D. , Matar O.K. , Angeli P. 
Published: April 2023

The effect of surfactants on the flow characteristics during rapid drop formation in a microchannel is investigated using high-speed imaging, micro-particle image velocimetry and numerical simulations; the latter are performed using a three- dimensional multiphase solver that accounts for the transport of soluble surfactants in the bulk and at the interface. Drops are generated in a flow-focusing microchannel, using silicone oil (

$4.6$

mPa s) as the continuous phase and a 52 % w/w glycerol solution as the dispersed phase. A non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) is dissolved in the dispersed phase at concentrations below and above the critical micelle concentration. Good agreement is found between experimental and numerical data for the drop size, drop formation time and circulation patterns. The results reveal strong circulation patterns in the forming drop in the absence of surfactants, whose intensity decreases with increasing surfactant concentration. The surfactant concentration profiles in the bulk and at the interface are shown for all stages of drop formation. The surfactant interfacial concentration is large at the front and the back of the forming drop, while the neck region is almost surfactant free. Marangoni stresses develop away from the neck, contributing to changes in the velocity profile inside the drop.
Corporate Hiring Under COVID-19: Financial Constraints and the Nature of New Jobs
Authors: Campello Murillo , Kankanhalli Gaurav , Muthukrishnan Pradeep 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBig data on job postings reveal multiple facets of the impact of COVID-19 on corporate hiring. Firms disproportionately cut new hiring for high-skill positions, with financially constrained firms reducing skilled hiring the most. Applying machine learning methods to job-ad texts, we find that firms have skewed their hiring toward operationally-core functions. New positions display greater flexibility regarding schedules and tasks. While job posting levels show signs of recovery starting in late-2020, changes to job descriptions and skill profiles persist through early-2022. Financial constraints amplify these changes, with constrained firms’ new hires witnessing greater adjustments to job roles and employment arrangements.
Design, development, and analysis of the lower body of next-generation 3D-printed humanoid research platform: PANDORA
Authors: Fuge Alexander J. , Herron Connor W. , Beiter Benjamin C. , Kalita Bhaben , Leonessa Alexander 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe main contribution of this paper is the design and development of the lower body of PANDORA (3D-Printed Autonomous humaNoid Developed for Open-source Research Applications), a new humanoid robotic platform implementing additive manufacturing techniques. The three joint configurations (hip, knee, and ankle) along with the major three structural parts (pelvis, thigh, and shin) of the lower body are discussed. The use of 3D printing and PLA+ material makes the robot an affordable solution for humanoid robotics research that gives a high power-to-weight ratio by significantly reducing the number of parts, as well as manufacturing and assembly time. The range of motion of the lower body of PANDORA has been investigated and is found to be comparable to a human lower body. Further, finite element analysis has been performed on the major parts of the lower body of PANDORA to check the structural integrity and to avoid catastrophic failures in the robot. The use of in-house developed actuators and robot electronics reduces the overall cost of the robot and makes PANDORA easily accessible to the research communities working in the field of humanoids. Overall, PANDORA has the potential for becoming popular between researchers and designers for investigating applications in the field of humanoid robotics, healthcare, and manufacturing, just to mention a few. The mechanical designs presented in this work are available open source to lower the knowledge barrier in developing and conducting research on bipedal robots.