bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies in gastronomy: A review
Authors: Çöl Başak Gökçe , İmre Melike , Yıkmış Seydi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of technology today, people have to develop appropriate devices to keep up with the changes. The world of gastronomy has been impacted by the technological advancements driven by the industrial revolution and the orientation to new gadgets. In recent years, the concepts of “virtual reality (VR)” and “augmented reality (AR),” the essential components of technological developments in the reality‐virtual dimension, have offered many new applications in gastronomy. Before examining these applications, it is necessary to understand the content and distinctive features of the two concepts mentioned. VR is a technology that recreates three‐dimensional digital images and videos to create authentic visual experiences for users. AR, on the other hand, enriches the user's perception and provides a live view of the real world with digital information. Although many of them are at the experimental stage, understanding these applications' purposes and usage patterns may contribute to improving or increasing the number of these applications in the future. This review provides an explanation of VR and AR technologies, along with examples of their applications in the gastronomy or food sector. Additionally, the review discusses the impact of these technologies on customer satisfaction and experience.
Reactivity of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents Bearing Transferable N‐Based Groups
Authors: Macara João , Caldeira Catarina , Poeira Diogo L. , Marques M. Manuel B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHypervalent iodine reagents have the ability of inverting the polarity of functional groups bound to iodine, a reactivity known as umpolung. This reactivity makes hypervalent iodine compounds highly attractive for the creation of electrophilic synthons of known nucleophiles, resulting in novel synthetic disconnections and the formation of new Nu(nucleophile)−N bond.Electrophilic sources of nitrogen‐based groups have been known for many decades and are of great synthetic importance. Traditionally, these reagents are limited to few examples. With the use of hypervalent iodine, the transfer of a wide diversity of nitrogen sources became a possibility. This review compiles the latest reported examples of hypervalent iodine reagents capable of electrophilic transfer of nitrogen‐based groups. It showcases the preparation of such reagents, their synthetic utility, and reaction mechanisms involving these group transfer reagents.
Synthesis of Rhodomyrtone Analogs Modified at C7
Authors: Wenninger Marvin , Maier Martin E. , Viswanathan Ammanath Aparna , Huang Li , Götz Friedrich 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe developed a route to rhodomyrtone analogs that feature different acyl groups at C7. Since electrophilic substitution reactions on the aryl part of the rhodomyrtone core led to C5 derivatives, the C5 position was blocked by a chlorine. Subsequent Duff type formylation followed by Grignard addition to the aldehyde group and oxidation gave various phenones. The benzyl protecting groups were removed by hydrogenation or boron tribromide. Some derivatives turned out to be quite active against multiple resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and a rhodomyrtone resistant mutant (RomR). The chlorine at C5 seems to have a beneficial effect on the antibacterial activity.
A Building Block Approach for the Total Synthesis of YM‐385781
Authors: Zhu Yu , Liu Siyue , Zigmond Johnny , Kaltenbronn Kevin M. , Blumer Kendall J. , Moeller Kevin D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractYM‐254890 and FR900359 are potent and selective inhibitors of the Gq/11‐signaling pathway. As such, they have been attractive targets for both synthesis and biological studies. Yet in spite of this effort, a versatile synthetic approach to the molecules that allows for the rapid construction of a variety of non‐natural and labelled analogs and an increase in the amount of those analogs available remains elusive. We report here a convergent building block approach to the molecules that can solve this challenge.
Kill or be killed: Can correcting misperceptions of out‐group hostility de‐escalate a violent inter‐group out‐break?
Authors: Nir Nimrod , Nassir Yara , Hasson Yossi , Halperin Eran 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDefueling violent inter‐group escalation as it erupts is a major quest for scholars and change agents as it may prevent casualties and further aggression between warring parties. In May 2021, Israel experienced an unprecedented outbreak of ethnic violence between its Jewish and Arab citizens, causing fatalities on both sides and hundreds wounded. During these riots, we conducted two studies aimed at increasing opposition to inter‐group violence. The first study revealed that although the vast majority of Jews and Arabs opposed violence, each group perceived their respective out‐group as significantly less opposed to such violence, and that meta‐perception was strongly associated with participants' own opposition to inter‐group violence. The second study found that experimentally exposing Jewish and Arab citizens to information showing that their out‐group vastly opposes violence increased participants' own opposition to inter‐group violence in the midst of nationwide violent inter‐group attacks. A third study, conducted during the ‘June 22 wave of terror’ inside Israel, replicated these results, while demonstrating that the intervention was successful in both increasing opposition to violence and decreasing support for violence. The current work reveals the importance and potency of minimizing inter‐group biases and misperceptions via corrective information in reducing inter‐group violence and escalation as it occurs.
Cushioning properties and application of expanded polystyrene for a dynamic nonlinear system
Authors: An Xue , Huang Bowen , Shi Dongyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo explore the cushioning properties of expanded polystyrene (EPS), a novel two‐degree‐of‐freedom mathematical model is proposed with a dynamic nonlinear system and successfully implemented it. The maximum response acceleration of the product was first determined in the novel dynamic mathematical model and used as a parameter for evaluating product damage. Furthermore, a drop test was carried out to verify the theoretical model and showed good consistency. Based on the correct theoretical model, a number of simulations with different drop heights and thicknesses of the cushion were done to investigate cushioning properties of EPS. The results show that EPS can reduce the maximum response acceleration of the product by more than 20% of the excitation acceleration. Thus, EPS has good cushioning ability and can be used as packaging material to protect products. Finally, the theoretical model was applied to an example application. A new method for constructing the cushioning curve is recommended, which could replace the traditional ASTM D 1596 drop test method.
The Amphibian Short-Term Assay: Evaluation of a New Ecotoxicological Method for Amphibians Using Two Organophosphate Pesticides Commonly Found in Nature—Assessment of Behavioral Traits
Authors: Boualit Laurent , Cayuela Hugo , Ballu Aurélien , Cattin Loïc , Reis Christophe , Chèvre Nathalie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Neurotoxic pesticides are used worldwide to protect crops from insects; they are recognized to impact nontarget organisms that live in areas surrounded by treated crops. Many biochemical and cell-based solutions have been developed for testing insecticide neurotoxicity. Nevertheless, such solutions provide a partial assessment of the impact of neurotoxicity, neglecting important phenotypic components such as behavior. Behavior is the apical endpoint altered by neurotoxicity, and scientists are increasingly recommending including behavioral endpoints in available tests or developing new methods for assessing contaminant-induced behavioral changes. In the present study, we extended an existing protocol (the amphibian short-term assay) with a behavioral test. To this purpose, we developed a homemade device along with an open-source computing solution for tracking trajectories of Xenopus laevis tadpoles exposed to two organophosphates insecticides (OPIs), diazinon (DZN) and chlorpyrifos (CPF). The data resulting from the tracking were then analyzed, and the impact of exposure to DZN and CPF was tested on speed- and direction-related components. Our results demonstrate weak impacts of DZN on the behavioral components, while CPF demonstrated strong effects, notably on speed-related components. Our results also suggest a time-dependent alteration of behavior by CPF, with the highest impacts at day 6 and an absence of impact at day 8. Although only two OPIs were tested, we argue that our solution coupled with biochemical biomarkers is promising for testing the neurotoxicity of this pesticide group on amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1595–1606. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
The “Medicare effect” on head and neck cancer diagnosis and survival
Authors: Smith Joshua B. , Jayanth Prerana , Hong Scott A. , Simpson Matthew C. , Massa Sean T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundUninsured individuals age 55–64 experience disproportionately poor outcomes compared to their insured counterparts. Adequate coverage may prevent these delays. This study investigates a “Medicare‐effect” on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for persons ages 60–70 years in the United States from 2000 to 2016 with HNSCC. A “Medicare effect” was defined as an increase in incidence, reduction in advanced stage presentation, and/or decrease in cancer‐specific mortality (CSM).ResultsCompared to their Medicaid or uninsured counterparts, patients age 65 have an increased incidence of HNSCC diagnosis, reduction in advanced stage presentation, decrease in cancer‐specific mortality, and higher likelihood of receiving cancer‐specific surgery.ConclusionsPatients age 65 with Medicare have decreased incidence of HNSCC, less hazard of late‐stage diagnosis, and lower cancer‐specific mortality than their Medicaid or uninsured counterparts, supporting the idea of a “Medicare effect” in HNSCC.
Can Non‐ToxigenicVibrio choleraeReduce a Cholera Infection?
Authors: Sela R. , Hammer B. K. , Halpern M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVibrio cholerae, is the causative agent of cholera, that infects millions, annually. Chironomids are aquatic insects that hostV. cholerae. Toxigenic strains produce cholera toxin (CT) which is the main virulence factor that causes cholera symptoms. In contrast to other bacterial pathogens,V. choleraeproduces CT when at low cell densities while hemagglutinin/protease (HAP) is a high cell density‐controlled gene. WhenV. choleraebehavior was examined on chironomids, we showed that high cell densities of non‐toxigenic strains, increased HAP production in a toxigenic strain, conditions which could also potentially reduce CT production. Here we propose the value of studies that could support the potential ofV. choleraenon‐toxigenic strains to repress virulence gene expression in cholera‐infected humans. High cell densities of a non‐toxigenic strain present in an infected individual, may down‐regulate CT expression, reducing cholera symptoms. To further test the hypothesis supported by a chironomid model, additional experiments in animal models are first needed.
The natural real rate of interest and monetary policy: New evidence for the US
Authors: Zhu Sheng , Kavanagh Ella , Gao Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe propose a new method to estimate the unobservable natural real rate of interest in the United States (US). We begin by describing the natural rate in the New Keynesian model and then theoretically linking its evolution to both demand and supply‐side shocks hitting the US economy. Our results indicate that the technology shock dominated the shift in the natural real rate of interest during the sample period 1947–2017. In addition, we also examine whether the Taylor rule should be augmented for changes in the estimated natural rate. Our maximum likelihood estimation shows that the inclusion of the natural interest rate shift in the Taylor rule leads to significant improvement of the interest rate modelling.
Single‐atom metal‐nitrogen‐carbon catalysts energize single molecule detection for biosensing
Authors: Zhang Xianyang , Chen Pengfei , He Siwuxie , Jiang Bowen , Wang Yong , Cheng Yonghua , Peng Jian , Verpoort Francis , Wang John , Kou Zongkui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiosensors featuring single molecule detection present huge opportunities as well as challenges in food safety inspection, disease diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. Single‐molecule detection is largely lacking of high enough activity, precision molecule selectivity, and understanding in the exact operating mechanism. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs), especially those metals‐nitrogen‐carbon that mimic the natural metalloenzyme structure, and with well‐defined metal atom bond configurations, high level of molecular selectivity, and easy fabrication, endow single molecule detections with practical‐use feasibilities. The recent advances in single‐atom catalysts also present new pathways in the key mechanism understandings. In this short review, we will first visit the brief history and advantages of SACs that have been explored only recently for molecule‐scale biosensors, where they are analogous and also differentiated from those nanozymes and natural metalloenzymes. Their applications in electrochemical, photochemical, and photoelectrochemical sensors are then discussed comprehensively by focusing on the different molecule‐scale sensing modes in achieving local coordination‐modulated signal amplifications. Finally, we identify new opportunities and challenges faced by these SACs‐based single molecule detections in the further development of biosensors.image
Real‐world effectiveness of Azvudine versus nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Deng Guangtong , Li Daishi , Sun Yuming , Jin Liping , Zhou Qian , Xiao Chenggen , Wu Qingrong , Sun Huiyan , Dian Yating , Zeng Furong , Pan Pinhua , Shen Minxue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChinese guidelines prioritize the use of Azvudine and nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in COVID‐19 patients. Nevertheless, the real‐world effectiveness of Azvudine versus nirmatrelvir–ritonavir is still lacking, despite clinical trials showing their effectiveness compared with matched controls. To compare the effectiveness of Azvudine versus nirmatrelvir–ritonavir treatments in real‐world clinical practice, we identified 2118 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, with a follow‐up of up to 38 days. After exclusions and propensity score matching, we included 281 Azvudine recipients and 281 nirmatrelvir–ritonavir recipients who did not receive oxygen therapy at admission. The lower crude incidence rate of composite disease progression outcome (7.83 vs. 14.83 per 1000 person‐days, p = 0.026) and all‐cause death (2.05 vs. 5.78 per 1000 person‐days, p = 0.052) were observed among Azvudine recipients. Azvudine was associated with lower risks of composite disease progression outcome (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32–0.94) and all‐cause death (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.16–1.04). In subgroup analyses, the results of composite outcome retained significance among patients aged <65 years, those having a history of disease, those with severe COVID‐19 at admission, and those receiving antibiotics. These findings suggest that Azvudine treatment showed effectiveness in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients compared with nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in terms of composite disease progression outcome.
Analytic solution of carrier concentration as an explicit function of gate voltage in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs using the Lambert W‐function
Authors: Rouag Nouari , Trad Meriem , Aounallah Belkhir , Ouennoughi Zahir , Ortiz‐Conde Adelmo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSimple analytic expressions are presented for the two‐dimensional electron gas density and the drain current in a high‐electron mobility transistor. These compact expressions, which are based on the Lambert W‐function, are continuous over the entire range of interest. The analytic differentiation or integration of the drain current can also be expressed in terms of the Lambert W‐function. The expression for carrier density is in close agreement with rigorous numerical calculations while the expression for the drain current presents reasonable agreement with measurements.
Multipurpose cellulases of Promicromonospora sp. VP111, with broad substrate specificity and tolerance properties
Authors: Thomas Lebin , Ram Hari , Singh Ved P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCellulolytic actinobacterium, Promicromonospora sp. VP111 concomitantly produced cellulases (CELs), xylanase and pectinase when grown on commercial cellulose and untreated agricultural lignocellulosic residues (wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse). Secreted CELs hydrolyzed (enhanced with Co2+ ion) multiple cellulosic substrates, including sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na‐CMC), Whatman filter paper no. 1, microcrystalline cellulose (avicel), p‐nitrophenyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (pNPG), laminarin, and cellulose powder. The CELs showed stabilities in the presence of various chemicals, including glucose (0.2 M), detergents (1%, w/v or v/v), denaturants (1%, w/v or v/v), and sodium chloride (NaCl, 30%, w/v). The CELs were fractionated using ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Activities (%) of fractionated CELs were retained at 60°C for endoglucanase/carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) (88.38), filter paper cellulase (FPase) (77.55), and β‐glucosidase (90.52), which indicated of thermo‐stability. Similarly, the activities (%) for CMCase (85.79), FPase (82.48), and β‐glucosidase (85.92) at pH 8.5 indicated of alkaline‐stability. Kinetic factors, Km and Vmax for endoglucanase component of fractionated CELs were 0.014 g/l and 158.23 µM glucose/min/mL, respectively. Fractionated CELs yielded activation energies (kJ/mol) of 17.933, 6.294, and 4.207 for CMCase, FPase, and β‐glucosidase activities, respectively in linear thermostable Arrhenius plots. Thus, this study reports on the multipurpose CELs from an untreated agricultural residue utilizing Promicromonospora in relation to broad substrate specificity, halo‐tolerance, alkaline‐tolerance, detergent‐tolerance, thermo‐tolerance, organic solvent‐tolerance, and end product‐tolerance.
The association between GLIM criteria–defined malnutrition and 2‐year unplanned hospital admission in outpatients with unintentional weight loss: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Duan Ruoshu , Zhang Qi , Zhu Jiahong , Sun Yujing , Ye Kangli , Li Shuai , Liu Ying , Wang Lei , Zhao Min , Zhu Lu , Qiu Yan , Ren Wen , Qin Hongli , Chen Mingmin , Zhang Xiaochen , Ren Jingjing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess malnutrition using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) at baseline and determine the GLIM criteria that best predicted unplanned hospitalization in outpatients with unintentional weight loss (UWL).MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 257 adult outpatients with UWL. The GLIM criteria and SGA agreement were reported using the Cohen kappa coefficient. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and adjusted Cox regression analyses were used for survival data. Logistic regression was used for the other correlation analysis.ResultsThis study collected data from 257 patients for 2 years. Based on the GLIM criteria and SGA, malnutrition prevalence was 79.0% and 72.0%, respectively (κ = 0.728, P < 0.001). Using the SGA as a standard, GLIM had a sensitivity of 97.8%, a specificity of 69.4%, a positive predictive value of 89.2%, and a negative predictive value of 92.6%. Malnutrition was associated with higher rates of unplanned hospital admission independent of other prognostic factors (GLIM: hazard ratio [HR]=2.85, 95% CI=1.22–6.68; SGA: HR=2.07, 95% CI=1.13–3.79). Of the five GLIM criteria–related diagnostic combinations, disease burden or inflammation was the most important to predict unplanned hospital admission in multivariable analysis (HR=3.27, 95% CI=2.03–5.28).ConclusionThere was good agreement between the GLIM criteria and the SGA. GLIM‐defined malnutrition, as well as all five GLIM criteria–related diagnosis combinations, had the potential to predict unplanned hospital admissions in outpatients with UWL within 2 years.
High‐efficiency nanowire light‐emitting diodes for augmented reality and virtual reality displays
Authors: Qian Yizhou , Yang Zhiyong , Huang Yu‐Hsin , Lin Kuan‐Heng , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThrough 3D dipole cloud model, RGB (red, green, and blue) nanowire light‐emitting diode (LED) structures are geometrically optimized to exhibit a narrower radiation pattern, weaker angular color shift, and higher optical efficiency. In comparison with micro‐LEDs whose external quantum efficiency is dependent on the mesa size, these RGB nanowire LEDs are more efficient than micro‐LEDs when the chip size is below 20, 80, and 10 μm, respectively. As a result, nanowire LED is a promising candidate for augmented reality and virtual reality displays where high‐resolution density and efficient directional light emission are desired.
Novel pancake‐based HMD optics to improve light efficiency
Authors: Usukura Naru , Minoura Kiyoshi , Maruyama Ryo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecently, compactness of head‐mounted display (HMD) products have been strongly required to improve comfortableness of user. The folded optics, so‐called “Pancake optics”, is suitable for realizing compact HMD, but there is a big drawback of lowering light efficiency. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel pancake‐based HMD optics named “Double path pancake optics” using two light paths. The optical simulation is performed to find highly optimized optical properties such as thickness, and field of view (FOV). As a result of the simulation, we fixed the appropriate design. From our simple evaluation of both brightness and transmittance, we conclude that light efficiency of “Double path pancake optics” becomes 1.8 times higher than conventional pancake optics. We made the prototype using 1200 ppi high resolution liquid crystal display (LCD) and confirmed that the high image quality can be displayed.
Development of the ink‐jet printing technology for 55‐inch 8K AMQLED display
Authors: Zhang Yuanming , Yuan Xu , Chen Zhuo , Li Dong , Feng Jingwen , Gao Yang , Li Yanzhao , Li Xinguo , Xu Xiaoguang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we obtained the optimal structure of QLED top‐emission spin‐coating device. Meanwhile, we also have successfully developed quantum dots and ZnO ink materials with high stability. With the top‐emission device structure and stable ink materials, we optimize the morphology of every film by controlling the drying process after ink‐jet printing. The emission area of united devices prepared by using the optimized ink‐jet printing process is equal to the designed area of pixels, with clear boundaries, uniform electroluminescent morphologies within a single sub‐pixel, and no significant difference in luminescence between pixels. Finally, we assembled and fabricated a 55‐in. 8K AMQLED display with a color gamut of 116% NTSC.