bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐Promoting School Culture: How Do We Measure it and Does it Vary by School Neighborhood Deprivation?*
Authors: Kalubi Jodi , Riglea Teodora , O'Loughlin Erin K. , Potvin Louise , O'Loughlin Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe context in which school‐based health‐promoting interventions are implemented is key for the delivery and success of these interventions. However, little is known about whether school culture differs by school deprivation.MethodsUsing data from PromeSS, a cross‐sectional study of 161 elementary schools in Québec, Canada, we drew from the Health Promoting Schools theoretical framework to develop four measures of health‐promoting school culture (i.e., school physical environment, school/teacher commitment to student health, parent/community engagement with the school, ease of principal leadership) using exploratory factor analysis. One‐way ANOVA with post‐hoc Tukey‐Kramer analyses was used to examine associations between each measure and social and material deprivation in the school neighborhood.ResultsFactor loadings supported the content of the school culture measures and Cronbach's alpha indicated good reliability (range: 0.68‐0.77). As social deprivation in the school neighborhood increased, scores for both school/teacher commitment to student health and parent/community engagement with the school decreased.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityImplementation of health‐promoting interventions in schools located in socially deprived neighborhoods may require adapted strategies to address challenges related to staff commitment and parental and community involvement.ConclusionThe measures developed herein can be used to investigate school culture and interventions for health equity.
The future of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander oral health lies in the footprints of the past: Re‐framing oral health discourse
Authors: Poirier Brianna , Hedges Joanne , Jamieson Lisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe history of oral health research and dental care provision for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples has been framed by oppressive colonial values and wrought with maltreatment and unethical behavior. This commentary aims to collate evidence regarding the healthy history of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander oral health, the implications of colonization on oral health, and the current portrayal of oral health.ConclusionWe argue the need to reframe deficit focused discussions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander oral health to strengths‐based narratives by critically engaging with the ways in which the future of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander oral health lies in the footprints of the past.
The COVID‐19 pandemic impact on independent and provider‐based rural health clinics’ operations and cancer prevention and screening provision in the United States
Authors: Zahnd Whitney E. , Silverman Allie F. , Self Stella , Hung Peiyin , Natafgi Nabil , Adams Swann Arp , Merrell Melinda A. , Owens Otis L. , Crouch Elizabeth L. , Eberth Jan M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted cancer care, but it is unknown how the pandemic has affected care in Medicare‐certified rural health clinics (RHCs) where cancer prevention and screening services are critical for their communities. This study examined how the provision of these cancer services changed pre‐ and peri‐pandemic overall and by RHC type (independent and provider‐based).MethodsWe administered a cross‐sectional survey to a stratified random sample of RHCs to assess clinic characteristics, pandemic stressors, and the provision of cancer prevention and control services among RHCs pre‐ and peri‐pandemic. We used McNemar's test and Wilcoxon signed rank tests to assess differences in the provision of cancer prevention and screening services pre‐ and peri‐pandemic by RHC type.ResultsOf the 153 responding RHCs (response rate of 8%), 93 (60.8%) were provider‐based and 60 (39.2%) were independent. Both RHC types were similar in their experience of pandemic stressors, though a higher proportion of independent RHCs reported financial concerns and challenges obtaining personal protective equipment. Both types of RHCs provided fewer cancer prevention and screening services peri‐pandemic—5.8 to 4.2 for provider‐based and 5.3 to 3.5 for independent (P<.05 for both). Across lung, cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer‐related services, the proportion of both RHC groups providing services dropped peri‐pandemic.DiscussionThe pandemic's impact on independent and provider‐based RHCs and their patients was considerable. Going forward, greater resources should be targeted to RHCs—particularly independent RHCs—to ensure their ability to initiate and sustain evidence‐based prevention and screening services.
Nocturnal sodium oxybate increases the anterior cingulate cortex magnetic resonance glutamate signal upon awakening
Authors: Dornbierer Dario A. , Zölch Niklaus , Baur Diego M. , Hock Andreas , Stucky Benjamin , Quednow Boris B. , Kraemer Thomas , Seifritz Erich , Bosch Oliver G. , Landolt Hans‐Peter 
Published: March 2023

SummaryClinical guidelines recommend sodium oxybate (SXB; the sodium salt of γ‐hydroxybutyrate) for the treatment of disturbed sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy, yet the underlying mode of action is elusive. In a randomised controlled trial in 20 healthy volunteers, we aimed at establishing neurochemical changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) following SXB‐enhanced sleep. The ACC is a core neural hub regulating vigilance in humans. At 2:30 a.m., we administered in a double‐blind cross‐over manner an oral dose of 50 mg/kg SXB or placebo, to enhance electroencephalography‐defined sleep intensity in the second half of nocturnal sleep (11:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.). Upon scheduled awakening, we assessed subjective sleepiness, tiredness and mood and measured two‐dimensional, J‐resolved, point‐resolved magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PRESS) localisation at 3‐Tesla field strength. Following brain scanning, we used validated tools to quantify psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) performance and executive functioning. We analysed the data with independent t tests, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected for multiple comparisons. The morning glutamate signal (at 8:30 a.m.) in the ACC was specifically increased after SXB‐enhanced sleep in all participants in whom good‐quality spectroscopy data were available (n = 16; pFDR < 0.002). Further, global vigilance (10th–90th inter‐percentile range on the PVT) was improved (pFDR < 0.04) and median PVT response time was shorter (pFDR < 0.04) compared to placebo. The data indicate that elevated glutamate in the ACC could provide a neurochemical mechanism underlying SXB's pro‐vigilant efficacy in disorders of hypersomnolence.
A novel missense variant in the L2HGDH gene in a cat with L‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria and multicystic cerebral lesions
Authors: Christen Matthias , Gonzalo‐Nadal Veronica , Kaczmarska Adriana , Dyrka Magdalena , Guevar Julien , Jagannathan Vidhya , Leeb Tosso , Gutierrez‐Quintana Rodrigo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCase DescriptionA 9‐month‐old intact male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for increasing frequency of generalized tonic‐clonic seizures.Clinical FindingsThe cat was reported to have had episodes of circling between the seizures. Upon examination, the cat had bilateral inconsistent menace response but otherwise normal physical and neurological examinations.DiagnosticsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain identified multifocal, small, rounded intra‐axial lesions within the subcortical white matter containing fluid with similar characteristics as cerebrospinal fluid. Evaluation of urine organic acids showed increased excretion of 2‐hydroxyglutaric acid. An XM_023255678.2:c.397C>T nonsense variant in the L2HGDH gene encoding L‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase was identified using whole genome sequencing.Treatment and OutcomeLevetiracetam treatment was initiated at 20 mg/kg PO q8h, but the cat died after a seizure 10 days later.Clinical RelevanceWe report the second pathogenic gene variant in L‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria in cats and describe for the first time multicystic cerebral lesions on MRI.
Substitution effect of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) by‐product for Saccharina japonica in feeds on growth, carcass chemical composition, and air exposure resistance of abalone (Haliotis discus, Reeve 1846)
Authors: Li Ran , Dai Qihu , Cho Sung Hwoan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSubstitutability of broccoli by‐products (BBP) for Saccharina japonica in feed on growth, carcass chemical composition, and air exposure resistance of abalone (Haliotis discus) was investigated. One thousand and two hundred sixty abalones were randomly assigned into 18 cages (3 cages/diet; 70 abalone/cage). Two hundred g/kg of S. japonica was included in the control diet (BBP0). The BBP250, BBP500, BBP750, and BBP1000 diets were prepared by substituting 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g/kg of S. japonica with an equal amount of BBP. Additionally, dry S. japonica was prepared. Abalone were fed daily for 7 days a week for 16 weeks. Following the completion of the feeding trial, 20 abalone from each cage were exposed to air for 20 h prior to being monitored for the following 5 days. The greatest weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) were achieved in abalone fed the BBP250 diet. Superior survival was obtained in abalone fed the BBP250, BBP500, BBP750, and BBP1000 diets to abalone fed the S. japonica control diet. The BBP250 and BBP500 diets achieved the highest survival of abalone. BBP appears to be a novel replacer for S. japonica in abalone diets, and 250 g/kg replacement of BBP for S. japonica produced the best weight gain and SGR.
Cognitive and Sociopsychological Individual Differences, Experience, and Naturalistic Second Language Speech Learning: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sun Hui , Saito Kazuya , Dewaele Jean‐Marc 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study longitudinally examined the effects of cognitive and sociopsychological individual differences (aptitude, motivation, personality) and the quantity and quality of second language (L2) experience on L2 speech gains in naturalistic settings. We elicited L2 spontaneous speech from 50 Chinese learners of English at the beginning and the end of their first 4 months of study abroad. Then, we linked the participants’ gains in comprehensibility (ease of understanding) and accentedness (linguistic nativelikeness) to their individual difference and experience profiles. The participants’ gains in comprehensibility were associated mainly with the amount of their interaction with fluent English speakers during immersion and secondarily with certain cognitive (grammatical inferencing) and sociopsychological (extraversion) individual differences. Furthermore, the amount of interactive L2 use mediated the effect of sociopsychological individual differences (extraversion and potentially ideal L2 self). In contrast, gains in accentedness tended to be less subject to experience effects but could be affected by certain pronunciation‐related cognitive individual differences (phonemic coding).
Disparate population and holobiont structure of pocilloporid corals across the Red Sea gradient demonstrate species‐specific evolutionary trajectories
Authors: Buitrago‐López Carol , Cárdenas Anny , Hume Benjamin C. C. , Gosselin Thierry , Staubach Fabian , Aranda Manuel , Barshis Daniel J. , Sawall Yvonne , Voolstra Christian R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobal habitat degradation heightens the need to better understand patterns of genetic connectivity and diversity of marine biota across geographical ranges to guide conservation efforts. Corals across the Red Sea are subject to pronounced environmental differences, but studies so far suggest that animal populations are largely connected, excepting evidence for a genetic break between the northern‐central and southern regions. Here, we investigated population structure and holobiont assemblage of two common pocilloporid corals, Pocillopora verrucosa and Stylophora pistillata, across the Red Sea. We found little evidence for population differentiation in P. verrucosa, except for the southernmost site. Conversely, S. pistillata exhibited a complex population structure with evidence for within‐reef and regional genetic differentiation, in line with differences in their reproductive mode (P. verrucosa is a broadcast spawner and S. pistillata is a brooder). Analysis for genomic loci under positive selection identified 85 sites (18 of which were in coding sequences) that distinguished the southern P. verrucosa population from the remainder of the Red Sea population. By comparison, we found 128 loci (24 of which were residing in coding sequences) in S. pistillata with evidence for local adaptation at various sites. Functional annotation of the underlying proteins revealed putative roles in the response to stress, lipid metabolism, transport, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and ciliary function (among others). Microbial assemblages of both coral species showed pervasive association with microalgal symbionts from the genus Symbiodinium (former clade A) and bacteria from the genus Endozoicomonas that exhibited significant differences according to host genotype and environment. The disparity of population genetic and holobiont assemblage patterns even between closely related species (family Pocilloporidae) highlights the need for multispecies investigations to better understand the role of the environment in shaping evolutionary trajectories. It further emphasizes the importance of networks of reef reserves to achieve conservation of genetic variants critical to the future survival of coral ecosystems.
Context matters in curriculum reform: An analysis of change in surgical training
Authors: Shah Adarsh P. , Walker Kim A. , Walker Kenneth G. , Cleland Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionEducation and training reforms are typically devised by accreditation bodies and rolled out nationally. This top‐down approach is positioned as contextually independent, yet context is highly influential in shaping the impact of change. Given this, it is critical to consider how curriculum reform plays out as it meets local settings. We have therefore used a national‐level curriculum reform process of surgical training, Improving Surgical Training (IST), to examine the influence of context in IST implementation across two UK countries.MethodsAdopting a case study approach, we used document data for contextualisation purposes and semi‐structured interviews with key stakeholders across multiple organisations (n = 17, plus four follow‐up interviews) as our main source of data. Initial data coding and analysis were inductive. We followed this with a secondary analysis using Engeström's second‐generation activity theory nested within an overarching framework of complexity theory to help tease out some key elements of IST development and implementation.ResultsThe introduction of IST into the surgical training system was historically situated within a landscape of previous reforms. IST's aims collided with existing practices and rules, thus creating tensions. In one country, the systems of IST and surgical training came together to some extent, mostly due to processes of social networks, negotiation and leverage nested in a relatively cohesive setting. These processes were not apparent in the other country, and instead of transformative change, the system contracted. Change was not integrated, and the reform was halted.ConclusionsOur use of a case study approach and complexity theory deepens understanding of how history, systems and contexts interact to facilitate or inhibit change within one area of medical education. Our study paves the way for further empirical work examining the influence of context in curriculum reform, and thus determining how best to bring about change in practice.
Functional dissection of rice jasmonate receptors involved in development and defense
Authors: Wang Xinjue , Chen Yumeng , Liu Shuting , Fu Wenjie , Zhuang Yunqi , Xu Jie , Lou Yonggen , Baldwin Ian T. , Li Ran 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The phytohormones, jasmonates (JAs), mediate many plant developmental processes and their responses to important environmental stresses, such as herbivore attack. Bioactive JAs are perceived by CORONATINE INSENSITIVE (COI)‐receptors, and associated JAZ proteins, to activate downstream responses. To date, the JA receptors of the important monocot crop plant, rice, remain to be explored.
Here, we studied all three rice COI proteins, OsCOI1a, OsCOI1b, and OsCOI2, by ligand binding, genome editing, and phenotyping and examining some of the responsible mechanisms for the different responses.
OsCOI2 binds to most individual OsJAZs in the presence of endogenous JA ligands, as OsCOI1a /1b do, albeit with greater partner selectivity. Single mutants of each OsCOI and OsCOI1a/1b double mutants were constructed by CRIPSR‐Cas9‐based genome editing and used to phenotype developmental and defense responses. OsCOI1b is involved in root growth and grain‐size control and plays overlapping roles with OsCOI1a in spikelet development, while OsCOI2 regulates leaf senescence, male sterility, root growth, and grain size. All OsCOIs mediated resistance to the devastating rice pest, the brown planthopper. However, the defense sectors regulated by OsCOI1a/1b and OsCOI2 clearly differed.
Our results revealed that all three OsCOIs are functional JA receptors that play diverse roles in regulating downstream JA responses.
Evapotranspiration‐linked silica deposition in a basal tracheophyte plant (Lycopodiaceae: Lycopodiella alopecuroides): implications for the evolutionary origins of phytoliths
Authors: Whalen Niall S. , Hunt Tyler C. , Erickson Gregory M. 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Phytoliths, microscopic deposits of hydrated silica within plants, play a myriad of functional roles in extant tracheophytes – yet their evolutionary origins and the original selective pressures leading to their deposition remain poorly understood. To gain new insights into the ancestral condition of tracheophyte phytolith production and function, phytolith content was intensively assayed in a basal, morphologically conserved tracheophyte: the foxtail clubmoss Lycopodiella alopecuroides.
Wet ashing was employed to perform phytolith extractions from every major anatomical region of L. alopecuroides. Phytolith occurrence was recorded, alongside abundance, morphometric information, and morphological descriptions.
Phytoliths were recovered exclusively from the microphylls, which were apicodistally silicified into multiphytolith aggregates. Phytolith aggregates were larger and more numerous in anatomical regions engaging in greater evapotranspirational activity.
The tissue distribution of L. alopecuroides phytoliths is inconsistent with the expectations of proposed adaptive hypotheses of phytolith evolutionary origin. Instead, it is hypothesized that phytoliths may have arisen incidentally in the L. alopecuroides‐like ancestral plant, polymerizing from intraplant silicon accumulations arising via bulk flow and ‘leaky’ cellular micronutrient channels. This basal, nonadaptive phytolith formation model would provide the evolutionary ‘raw material’ for later modification into the useful, adaptative, phytolith deposits seen in later‐diverging plant clades.
Cuticle architecture and mechanical properties: a functional relationship delineated through correlated multimodal imaging
Authors: Reynoud Nicolas , Geneix Nathalie , D'Orlando Angelina , Petit Johann , Mathurin Jeremie , Deniset‐Besseau Ariane , Marion Didier , Rothan Christophe , Lahaye Marc , Bakan Bénédicte 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Cuticles are multifunctional hydrophobic biocomposites that protect the aerial organs of plants. During plant development, plant cuticles must accommodate different mechanical constraints combining extensibility and stiffness, and the corresponding relationships with their architecture are unknown. Recent data showed a fine‐tuning of cuticle architecture during fruit development, with several chemical clusters which raise the question of how they impact the mechanical properties of cuticles.
We investigated the in‐depth nanomechanical properties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit cuticle from early development to ripening, in relation to chemical and structural heterogeneities by developing a correlative multimodal imaging approach.
Unprecedented sharps heterogeneities were evidenced including an in‐depth mechanical gradient and a ‘soft’ central furrow that were maintained throughout the plant development despite the overall increase in elastic modulus. In addition, we demonstrated that these local mechanical areas are correlated to chemical and structural gradients.
This study shed light on fine‐tuning of mechanical properties of cuticles through the modulation of their architecture, providing new insight for our understanding of structure–function relationships of plant cuticles and for the design of bioinspired material.
Has the electoral college grown more disproportional? An analysis of election results, 1876–2020
Authors: Hooghe Marc , Stiers Dieter , Lewis‐Beck Michael S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEspecially following the 2000 and the 2016 presidential elections, some authors have denounced the legitimacy of the Electoral College as a presidential selection method. It is alleged that the college is not representative of the electorate as a whole and tends to favor one specific political party. In this article, we compare the popular vote with the composition of the Electoral College for every presidential contest since 1876 (n = 37 elections). We confirm that the college is indeed disproportional as it provides a major bonus to the winning candidate. Although this disproportionality has become slightly stronger during the 1876–2020 period, it does not specifically benefit one political party. Measured at the level of the states, there is no substantial increase in bias with regard to geographic representation. However, to the extent that electoral races become tighter, as was the case in the last quarter of the 19th century, the risk that results fall within a margin of statistical error becomes larger. This suggests that the current controversy finds its source less in the electoral rules and more in the situational and highly competitive balance of party competition.Related ArticlesArdoin, Phillip J., and Bryan M. Parsons. 2007. “Partisan Bias in the Electoral College: Cheap States and Wasted Votes.”Politics & Policy35(2): 342–64.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00063.x.Crow, Deserai, and Laura Wolton. 2020. “Talking Policy in Congressional Campaigns: Construction of Policy Narratives in Electoral Politics.”Politics & Policy48(4): 658–99.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12369.McKenzie, Mark. 2009. “Attitudes toward Electoral College Reform: Understanding Opinion Formation on Complicated Public Policy Issues.”Politics & Policy37(2): 265–88.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00172.x.