bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness, Prevalence, and Knowledge of Dry Eye Among Internet Professionals: A Cross-sectional Study in China
Authors: Fan Zixin , Du Yueshanyi , Tang Caiyun , Tian Ruyin , Lu Xiaofeng , Zheng Lei , Zhang Shaochong , Zhang Guoming 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
To investigate awareness, prevalence, and knowledge of dry eye among Internet professionals in China.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,265 randomly selected Internet professionals aged ≥18 years. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess dry eye awareness, dry eye symptoms, and knowledge about dry eye risk factors. Data on demographics and complete medical history were also collected. The primary outcome was the rate of dry eye awareness determined by the answer to the question “Have you seen or heard anything about dry eye recently?”

Results:
Of the 1,265 included individuals aged 20 to 49 years, 519 (41.0%) were women. 54.4% (688 of 1,265) of participants had seen or heard something about dry eye recently and most had obtained information through Internet. 50.8% (643 of 1,265) of participants were identified as subjects with symptoms of dry eye. Dry eye awareness was greater in contact lens wearers (odds ratio [OR], 6.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.70-11.38; P<0.001), those with a refractive surgical history (OR, 5.09; 95% CI, 2.34-11.08; P<0.001), relatives and/or friends of ophthalmologists (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.39-5.49; P=0.004), those with symptoms of dry eye (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.47-2.38; P<0.001) and female subjects (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.13-1.86; P=0.004). Knowledge of nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors for dry eye was poor in substantial numbers of the participants.

Conclusions:
The level of dry eye awareness and knowledge of its risk factors is suboptimal in Internet professionals, although the Internet professionals are at high risk of the disease.
Nutrition and physical activity knowledge, attitudes, and practices of inpatient cirrhosis care providers
Authors: Hazra Deepan , Mohamed Mahmod , Hyde Ashley M. , Rempel Hannah , Oleschuk Alicia , Miller Angela , Raman Maitreyi , Taylor Lorian , Gramlich Leah , Watt Makayla , Tandon Puneeta 
Published: January 2023

Background
Hospitalization is a high-risk period for cirrhosis-associated sarcopenia and frailty. This study aimed to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns (KAP) of multidisciplinary cirrhosis providers about inhospital nutrition and physical activity care.

Methods
We conducted an online survey of cirrhosis care providers at a combination of 38 hospitals and healthcare centres in Alberta, Canada. Analysis included descriptive statistics and content analysis.

Results
Three hundred thirty-eight responses were analyzed. Across all providers, nutrition and physical activity knowledge and attitude (KA) scores were higher than practice (P) scores. Physicians had lower nutrition KA (P = 0.010) and nutrition P (P < 0.001) scores than nonphysicians. Previous cirrhosis-related nutrition or physical activity education was associated with higher nutrition KA (P < 0.001), nutrition P (P = 0.036), and physical activity P scores (P < 0.001). Over half of the participants reported not providing patients with educational resources for nutrition or physical activity and not carrying out nutrition screening. Participant suggestions to optimize care included enhancing patient and provider education, standardizing screening and intervention processes, increasing patient-centered support, and promoting collaboration within the healthcare team. Eighty percentage of participants were willing to provide patients with resources if these were readily available.

Conclusion
While provider knowledge and attitudes about the importance of nutrition and physical activity in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis are reasonable, there is considerable room to optimize the delivery of best practices in this patient population. Optimization will require readily available educational and personnel resources and interdisciplinary collaboration to promote system change.
Longitudinal analysis of transplant candidates with primary sclerosing cholangitis in an Asian liver transplant center
Authors: Yu Ping-Jui , Ho Cheng-Maw , Hsiao Chih-Yang , Wu Yao-Ming , Ho Ming-Chih , Lee Po-Huang , Hu Rey-Heng 
Published: January 2023

Background
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare disease in Asia, and few studies have investigated the disease in this ethnicity, particularly in wait-listed patients for liver transplantation (LT). We aimed to investigate the prognostic factors and outcomes of wait-listed patients with PSC in an Asian transplant center.

Methods
Survival was retrospectively analyzed.

Results
Eighteen (10 male and 8 female) wait-listed patients with PSC, with a median age at diagnosis of 44.5 years, were included. Compared with men, women had significantly higher aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index scores (3.28 vs. 1.13; P = 0.012) and bilirubin levels (7.68 vs. 4.03 mg/dl; P = 0.043) and more often presented with decompensating events, including ascites [5 (63%) vs. 1 (10%); P = 0.043] and splenomegaly [8 (100%) vs. 4 (40%); P = 0.013]. Compared with the non-LT group, the LT group exhibited a superior survival rate for women (P = 0.004) but not for men. In the univariable analysis, significant risk factors associated with overall survival included malignancies with a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 5.53 (1.00–30.51) and esophageal varices (EV) [4.18 (1.05–16.61)], whereas female gender [25.00 (1.49–500.00)], LT [0.09 (0.01–0.80)] and EV [39.03 (2.92–521.96)] were indicated in the multivariable analysis.

Conclusions
For Asian wait-listed patients with PSC, EV and female gender were the risk factors related to overall survival, and LT was the protective factor. Our experiences suggested that LT brings more benefits in female patients. Strategies are needed to provide equivalent transplant benefits.
The Status of Adolescent Testing and Treatment in PEPFAR-Supported Programs, October 2017 to September 2020
Authors: Hrapcak Susan , Hast Marisa , Okegbe Tishina , Gross Jessica , Williams Jessica , Patel Monita , Wolf Hilary , Siberry George , Lee Lana , Wiersma Steven , Agaba Patricia , Carpenter Deborah , Rivadeneira Emilia ,   PEPFAR Adolescent Group
Published: January 2023

Background:
Adolescents have poorer outcomes across the HIV cascade compared with adults. We aimed to assess progress in HIV case finding, antiretroviral treatment (ART), viral load coverage (VLC), and viral load suppression (VLS) among adolescents enrolled in the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)–supported programs over a 3-year period that included the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
We analyzed PEPFAR program data in 28 countries/regions for adolescents aged 10–19 years between year 1 (October 2017to September 2018), year 2 (October 2018 to September 2019), and year 3 (October 2019 to September 2020). We calculated the number and percent change for HIV tests, HIV-positive tests, and total number on ART. Calculated indicators included positivity, percent of positives newly initiated on ART (ART linkage), VLC (percent of ART patients on ART for ≥6 months with a documented viral load result within the past 12 months), and VLS (percent of viral load tests with <1000 copies/mL).

Results:
Between years 1 and 3, the number of HIV tests conducted decreased by 44.2%, with a 29.1% decrease in the number of positive tests. Positivity increased from 1.3%–1.6%. The number of adolescents receiving ART increased by 10.4%. In addition, ART linkage increased (77.8%–86.7%) as did VLC (69.4%–79.4%) and VLS (72.8%–81.5%).

Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate PEPFAR's success in increasing the adolescent treatment cohort. We identified ongoing gaps in adolescent case finding, linkage, VLC, and VLS that could be addressed with a strategic mix of testing strategies, optimal ART regimens, and adolescent-focused service delivery models.
How to differentiate skin rash in covid, mononucleosis, chickenpox, sixth disease and measles
Authors: Errichetti Enzo , Stinco Giuseppe 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
Skin rashes seen during COVID-19 usually feature maculopapular or vesicular morphology, thus mimicking cutaneous eruptions occurring in other common infectious dermatoses, such as mononucleosis, chickenpox, sixth disease and measles, with possible diagnostic mistakes. In this review article, we sought to provide a practical overview about clinical appearance of skin rashes related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Recent findings
The study summarizes literature evidence on clinical patterns of COVID-19-associated maculopapular or vesicular rash, with a particular emphasis on the principal points of differentiation with possible mimickers.

Summary
Several differences do exist between rashes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and other viral eruptions, mainly including lesions morphology, spreading pattern, symptoms and mucosal involvement. The increase of awareness of such features among clinicians may help promptly recognize COVID-19-related exanthemas in order to take proper action to manage the infection.
Deep Learning System Outperforms Clinicians in Identifying Optic Disc Abnormalities
Authors: Vasseneix Caroline , Nusinovici Simon , Xu Xinxing , Hwang Jeong-Min , Hamann Steffen , Chen John J. , Loo Jing Liang , Milea Leonard , Tan Kenneth B.K. , Ting Daniel S.W. , Liu Yong , Newman Nancy J. , Biousse Valerie , Wong Tien Ying , Milea Dan , Najjar Raymond P. ,   for the BONSAI (Brain and Optic Nerve Study With Artificial Intelligence) Group
Published: January 2023

Background:
The examination of the optic nerve head (optic disc) is mandatory in patients with headache, hypertension, or any neurological symptoms, yet it is rarely or poorly performed in general clinics. We recently developed a brain and optic nerve study with artificial intelligence-deep learning system (BONSAI-DLS) capable of accurately detecting optic disc abnormalities including papilledema (swelling due to elevated intracranial pressure) on digital fundus photographs with a comparable classification performance to expert neuro-ophthalmologists, but its performance compared to first-line clinicians remains unknown.

Methods:
In this international, cross-sectional multicenter study, the DLS, trained on 14,341 fundus photographs, was tested on a retrospectively collected convenience sample of 800 photographs (400 normal optic discs, 201 papilledema and 199 other abnormalities) from 454 patients with a robust ground truth diagnosis provided by the referring expert neuro-ophthalmologists. The areas under the receiver-operating-characteristic curves were calculated for the BONSAI-DLS. Error rates, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the algorithm were compared with those of 30 clinicians with or without ophthalmic training (6 general ophthalmologists, 6 optometrists, 6 neurologists, 6 internists, 6 emergency department [ED] physicians) who graded the same testing set of images.

Results:
With an error rate of 15.3%, the DLS outperformed all clinicians (average error rates 24.4%, 24.8%, 38.2%, 44.8%, 47.9% for general ophthalmologists, optometrists, neurologists, internists and ED physicians, respectively) in the overall classification of optic disc appearance. The DLS displayed significantly higher accuracies than 100%, 86.7% and 93.3% of clinicians (n = 30) for the classification of papilledema, normal, and other disc abnormalities, respectively.

Conclusions:
The performance of the BONSAI-DLS to classify optic discs on fundus photographs was superior to that of clinicians with or without ophthalmic training. A trained DLS may offer valuable diagnostic aid to clinicians from various clinical settings for the screening of optic disc abnormalities harboring potentially sight- or life-threatening neurological conditions.
SDF, SAP P11-4, and GI Sealants for Managing Initial Caries Lesions Produce Clinic and Payor Savings in Financial Impact Model
Authors: Shah Savyasachi V. , Kibbe Laura J , Heaton Lisa J. , Desrosiers Courtney , Wittenborn John , Filipova Mariya , Zaydenman Kirill , Keeper Jeremy Horst 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionEvidence-based noninvasive caries therapies for initial caries lesions recently became available in the United States. Fundamental differences between noninvasive therapies and the traditional surgical dental approach warrant study of the financial scalability.MethodsThe financial costs and benefits to fee-for-service clinics and payors were compared across eleven scenarios simulating the treatment of 1,000 initial lesions over a three-year period. The scenarios included varying combinations of noninvasive therapies (silver diamine fluoride (SDF), SAP P11-4, and glass ionomer sealants), no treatment, and various rates of one to three surface restorations to an estimated current practice model. We used a decision tree microsimulation model for deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We derived assumptions from an initial lesion and noninvasive therapy-focused cohort study with operations data from 16 sites accepting Medicaid in Alabama as a case study and clinical data from all 92 sites.ResultsIn comparison to the current practice model, scenarios that produce mutually beneficial results for payors savings and clinics net profit and profit margin include: SAP P11-4, SDF on non-cosmetic surfaces, and a mix of three noninvasive therapies. When considering the limited resources of chair and clinician time, the same scenarios as well as SDF with restorations emerged with substantially higher clinic net profit.ConclusionScenarios that include noninvasive therapies and minimize restorations achieve the balance of improving outcomes for all parties.Practical implicationsPayors should appropriately reimburse and clinics should adopt noninvasive caries therapies to improve oral health for all.
A dual diffusion model enables 3D binding bioactive molecule generation and lead optimization given target pockets
Authors: Huang Lei , Xu Tingyang , Yu Yang , Zhao Peilin , Wong Ka-Chun , Zhang Hengtong 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTStructure-based generative chemistry aims to explore much bigger chemical space to design a ligand with high binding affinity to the target proteins; it is a critical step inde novocomputer-aided drug discovery. Traditionalin silicomethods suffer from calculation inefficiency and the performances of existing machine learning methods could be bottlenecked by the auto-regressive sampling strategy. To address these concerns, we herein have developed a novel conditional deep generative model, PMDM, for 3D molecule generation fitting specified target proteins. PMDM incorporates a dual equivariant diffusion model framework to leverage the local and global molecular dynamics to generate 3D molecules in a one-shot fashion. By considering the conditioned protein semantic information and spatial information, PMDM is able to generate chemically and conformationally valid molecules which suitably fit pocket holes. We have conducted comprehensive experiments to demonstrate that PMDM can generate drug-like, synthesis-accessible, novel, and high-binding affinity molecules targeting specific proteins, outperforming the state-of-the-art (SOTA) models in terms of multiple evaluation metrics. In addition, we perform chemical space analysis for generated molecules and lead compound optimization for SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) by only utilizing three atoms as the seed fragment. The experimental results implicate that the structures of generated molecules are rational compared to the reference molecules, and PMDM can generate massive bioactive molecules highly binding to the targeted proteins which are not included in the training set.
Beyond the Reading Room: Integrating Radiology into a Longitudinal Integrated Framework
Authors: Porras Fimbres Denisse Cristina , Hatheway Marshall Emily , Musick Alexis , French Robert , Martin Jonathan , Sharma Poonam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlthough longitudinal integrated clerkship models have a growing evidence base and prevalence, the integration of radiology in such models is rarely explored. Institutions that have included radiology in longitudinal programs favor block rotation-style models, which do not capture longitudinal clinical care relationships with patients. We aimed to incorporate radiology learning objectives in a patient-centered and systems-based approach in a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship pilot radiology program.MethodsMedical students participating in the Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship model (N=9) chose imaging encounters from their patient panel or longitudinal clinical experiences and coordinated individual reviews with radiology faculty. 25 unique imaging encounters were required for this pilot program. This replaced discrete, asynchronous half-day experiences across radiology subspecialties that did not leverage patients that Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship students saw in clinic. Post-encounter and end-of-clerkship surveys were distributed to pilot students, and feedback surveys were distributed to faculty. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics; end-of-clerkship data was compared to three pre-pilot academic years.ResultsLongitudinal Integrated Clerkship students logged 237 unique radiology encounters with a maximum individual encounter log of 33 encounters and a mean of 26 encounters. All students were exposed to at least three of the most common imaging modalities: radiographs, computed tomography scans, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. According to faculty evaluations, 100% of students were prepared for each imaging discussion and were above (39%) or at (61%) the level expected of their training. All students reported an increase in their skills and knowledge related to imaging or procedure indications.DiscussionLeveraging the Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship framework to include radiology experiences was feasible at our institution, and student and faculty survey responses suggest that students meet their faculty expectations and that the pilot provided students with improved radiology knowledge and skills.
Foreign direct investment by multinational corporations in emerging economies: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis
Authors: Nazzal Ahmed , Sánchez-Rebull Maria-Victòria , Niñerola Angels 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis study introduces a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the foreign direct investment (FDI) literature by multinational corporations (MNCs) focusing on emerging economies to identify the most influential authors, journals and articles in FDI research and reveals the fields' conceptual and intellectual structures. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyzed 533 articles published between 1974 and 2020 in 226 academic journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. We used the R language for statistical computing to map author collaboration, co-word and develop a conceptual and intellectual map of the field.FindingsThe results show that, although the FDI literature has many authors, few dominate the field. The International Business Review (IBR) and International Journal of Emerging Markets (IJoEM) are the main sources of the publications. Moreover, bibliometric laws show that our dataset follows the Lotka law of scientific productivity and Bradford law of scattering, identifying the core journals. Finally, FDI by MNCs in emerging economies research is divided into four sub-research themes related to (1) FDI determinants, (2) entry mode, (3) MNCs and FDI performance and (4) the internationalization process.Originality/valueThe current article provides several starting points for practitioners and researchers investigating FDI. It contributes to broadening the vision of the field and offers recommendations for future studies.
An analysis of the 2021 South African FATF mutual evaluation report: terrorist financing and NPOs
Authors: Bissett Bernice , Steenkamp Philip , Aslett Duane 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
In the aftermath of the 2021 Financial Action Task Force Mutual Evaluation Report, legislators, supervisory bodies, law enforcement and the like are focusing on preventing South Africa from being greylisted. This paper performs an analysis of the 2021 South African Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Mutual Evaluation, specifically Recommendation 8 and Immediate Outcome 10. The purpose of this paper is to address the concerns raised and assist those tasked with implementing remediation measures.

Design/methodology/approach
Secondary sources such as legislation, case law, textbooks and peer-reviewed publications are used in addressing the concerns. A major focus is placed on the evaluation itself, with an analysis of Recommendation 8 and Immediate Outcome 10.

Findings
Despite the non-compliance rating and a low level of effectiveness received regarding non-profit organisations, authorities might not place a large focus on remediating this, as more pertinent issues arise in the report. The lack of focus in this area adds to the likelihood of grey listing by FATF. However, with co-operation from the relevant stakeholders, these low ratings can be improved.

Originality/value
Since the Mutual Evaluation’s release in October 2021 there have not been any papers addressing the highlighted issues in the non-profit sector in South Africa, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. This paper will be the first of its kind and will be of use to authorities as regards mitigating the concerns raised by FATF.
Firm performance in uncertain times: the importance of networking capabilities
Authors: Wegner Douglas , Foguesatto Cristian Rogério , Zuliani André Luis 
Published: January 2023

PurposeAlthough a body of studies investigates how networking capabilities (NCs) form and maintain interorganizational relationships that affect firm performance, little is known about this relationship in crisis contexts. This article explores managers' perceptions of environmental uncertainties and how this perception influences NC development and subsequent firm performance, especially during the COVID-19 crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a quantitative research approach to complete this objective, utilizing primary data from a survey of North American firms (N = 212), mostly (62.3%) small- and medium-sized. Data were analyzed via the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique.FindingsThe authors found that managers' perception of environmental uncertainties positively impacts the NCs to initiate and develop relationships, which is associated with better firm performance during crises. The capability to initiate and develop relationships supports the firm's access to relevant resources that may be converted into business performance.Originality/valueBy analyzing managers' perceptions of environmental uncertainties and the development of NCs, the study results expand upon previous research by highlighting that starting new relationships and developing existing ones may be an efficient managerial response immediately after a crisis occurs.