bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traits help explain species' performance away from their climate niche centre
Authors: Lynn Joshua S. , Gya Ragnhild , Klanderud Kari , Telford Richard J. , Goldberg Deborah E. , Vandvik Vigdis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimClimate change impacts on biota are variable across sites, among species and throughout individual species' ranges. Niche theory predicts that population performance should decline as site climate becomes increasingly different from the species' climate niche centre, though studies find significant variation from these predictions. Here, we propose that predictions about climate responses can be improved by incorporating species' trait information.LocationEurope.MethodsWe used observations of plant species abundance change over time to assess variation in climate difference sensitivity (CDS), defined as how species performance (colonization, extinction and abundance change) relates to the difference of site climate from the mean temperature and precipitation of each species' range. We then investigated if leaf economics, plant size and seed mass traits were associated with the species' CDS.ResultsSpecies that performed better (e.g. increased in abundance) towards sites progressively cooler than their niche centre were shorter and had more resource‐acquisitive leaves (i.e. lower leaf dry matter content or LDMC) relative to species with zero or the opposite pattern of temperature difference sensitivity. This result supports the hypothesis that if sites cooler than niche centres are more stressful for a species, then shorter stature is advantageous compared with taller species. The LDMC result suggests the environment selects for more resource‐acquisitive leaf strategies towards relatively cooler climates with shorter growing seasons, counter to expectations that conservative strategies would be favoured in such environments. We found few consistent relationships between precipitation difference sensitivities and traits.Main ConclusionsThe results supported key a priori foundations on how trait‐based plant strategies dictate species responses to climate variation away from their niche centre. Furthermore, plant height emerged as the most consistent trait that varied with species CDS, suggesting height will be key for theory development around species response to climate change.
How employee share ownership plans impact firms' market value: A conflict of interest theory approach
Authors: Tran Phan Huy Hieu , Tran Thu Ha , Lee Ji‐Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigated whether the market places a higher value on banks with employee share ownership plans (ESOPs) than on those without them. Using a variety of empirical models, we found that ESOPs increased the market value of banks. However, this positive effect occurred only when banks were transparent or located in countries with strong shareholder protection. Our findings demonstrated that if banks were opaque or shareholder protection was weak, outside investors' concerns about managerial entrenchment in widely held banks and behind‐the‐scenes relationships between majority shareholders and managers in closely held banks outweighed the perceived benefits of ESOPs. Our study contributes to the literature by proposing a novel approach to study the effects of ESOPs through the prism of conflict of interest theory. Our findings also shed light on stakeholders' rationales for opposing or adopting ESOPs.
Impact of volemia at admission on the effect of collateral status on functional outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Tang Tao , Li Di , Fan Tie‐Ping , Thomas Aline M. , Zhao Man‐Hong , Li Shen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeHaving good collaterals is associated with better clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy. This study aims to evaluate whether the effect of collateral status on functional outcomes is modified by volemia at admission.MethodsThis is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients who had acute proximal anterior circulation occlusion and underwent endovascular thrombectomy between January 2019 and June 2022. Volemia at admission, evaluated by blood urea nitrogen‐to‐creatinine ratio, was used to dichotomize patients into dehydrated and hydrated groups. The primary outcome was functional independence (90‐day modified Rankin Scale score = 0–2). Secondary outcomes were the rates of successful reperfusion, 24‐h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and 90‐day all‐cause mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the interaction between collateral status and volemia at admission on outcomes.ResultsA total of 290 patients were enrolled, among whom having good collaterals was associated with functional independence (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41–5.22,p = 0.003). Having good collaterals benefited dehydrated patients (adjusted OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.45–7.63,p = 0.004) but not hydrated patients (adjusted OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 0.73–6.68,p = 0.161). However, an interaction between collaterals and volemia at admission on functional independence was not observed (p = 0.319). The rates of successful reperfusion, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and all‐cause mortality were similar between those with good and poor collaterals in both dehydrated and hydrated patients.ConclusionsThe effect of collateral status on the functional independence of patients undergoing thrombectomy is not modified by volemia at admission.
Implementing an oral health policy in long‐term care facilities for older adults in Flanders, Belgium: The Oral Health Care Track
Authors: Palmers Ellen E. , De Almeida Mello Johanna , Janssens Lynn , De Visschere Luc , Declerck Dominique , Duyck Joke 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe oral health of care‐dependent older people living in residential care facilities is generally suboptimal. To facilitate adequate daily oral care and timely referral to a dental professional, studies emphasise the need for sustainable, structured oral healthcare policies in aged care organisations. The effect of such interventions is often limited or uncertain owing to a lack of understanding of how effective the integration and implementation of the policy has been within the facilities. This study reports on the development of a method to adequately implement an oral healthcare policy in long‐term care organisations for older adults.Materials and methodsAn intervention mapping protocol was used to develop a theory‐ and practise‐based methodology. This step‐by‐step approach combined findings from a literature review, experiences from earlier projects and behaviour change theories in a multilevel programme.ResultsIntervention mapping yielded a systematic programme for implementing an oral healthcare policy in aged care organisations. The Oral Health Care Track or “De Mondzorglijn” comprises seven phases, each subdivided into several tasks. The programme's implementation is guided by oral healthcare coaches.ConclusionBy using intervention mapping, it was possible to combine behaviour change theories, information derived from needs assessment and earlier experiences into a comprehensive programme to improve the oral health and quality of life of older residents in residential care facilities. Further research is needed to evaluate the use of coaches in the implementation of the Oral Health Care Track.
Desmopressin (DDAVP) use in patients with von Willebrand disease: A single‐centre retrospective review of test response and clinical outcomes
Authors: Chandrakumaran Priya , Hews‐Girard Julia , Poon Man‐Chiu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionPeri‐procedural management of von Willebrand disease (VWD) utilizes von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrates or desmopressin (DDAVP) to increase VWF levels. DDAVP is safe, easily administered, and inexpensive. Currently, a consensus definition for adequate DDAVP response is lacking, and outcomes of peri‐procedural DDAVP use in VWD patients are seldom reported.AimThis single‐centre retrospective review aims to characterize DDAVP‐responsiveness and assess clinical outcomes of peri‐procedural DDAVP use in VWD.Patients and MethodsWe reviewed records for all our adult VWD patients (age ≥18 years) who underwent DDAVP challenge testing between January 2007 and January 2022. DDAVP‐responsiveness was assessed using six definitions. Bleeding outcomes following procedures covered by DDAVP were classified as excessive or expected bleeding.ResultsEighty‐four of 94 (89.4%) patients were DDAVP‐responsive by our definition (1‐h VWF Activity/Factor VIII ≥0.50 IU/mL). However, the proportion of DDAVP‐responders varied from 53.2% to 91.5%, depending on the literature definition used. Ninety‐nine procedures pre‐treated with DDAVP were performed during the study period. Eighty‐six (86.7%) procedures (31 major; 55 minor) were covered with only DDAVP ± tranexamic acid (TXA). Excessive bleeding occurred following 4/31 major procedures and 2/55 minor procedures (both performed in a single patient with a bleeding score of 16). When covered with DDAVP+Factor ± TXA, one each of 10 major and 3 minor procedures (performed in 2 patients with bleeding scores 15–16) resulted in post‐procedural bleeding.ConclusionsPeri‐procedural DDAVP prophylaxis appears to be effective among individuals with VWD. Beyond DDAVP‐responsiveness, patient bleeding history and procedure invasiveness should be considered in determining suitability for DDAVP prophylaxis.
Co‐ideation and co‐design in co‐creation research: Reflections from the ‘Co‐Creating Safe Spaces’ project
Authors: Fitzpatrick Scott J. , Lamb Heather , Stewart Erin , Gulliver Amelia , Morse Alyssa R. , Giugni Melanie , Banfield Michelle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionNumerous frameworks for defining and supporting co‐created research exist. The practicalities of designing and conducting co‐created research are clearly important, yet the utility of these frameworks and their operationalisation within local contexts and involving a diversity of stakeholders and interests are currently not well‐researched.MethodsUsing an instrumental case study approach, we examined the utility of a published systematic framework designed to improve clarity about co‐creation as a concept and approach. The framework is explored based on the first two processes that correspond to our own work to date: co‐ideation and co‐design.ResultsOur study showed that diverse stakeholders bring challenges regarding research priorities, methods, language and the distribution of power within co‐creation processes. Co‐creation activities were incremental, adaptable, responsive and made best use of established relationships, structures and collective leadership to meet the competing demands of funders and human research ethics committees, while ensuring the meaningful participation of multiple stakeholders.ConclusionThe findings highlight the iterative, fluid and deeply relational nature of co‐created research. Rather than seeking to categorise these processes, we argue that the social relations of research production that provide the structures within which all co‐created knowledge is generated are more important drivers of effective knowledge mobilisation and implementation. Thus, close attention to these social relations is needed in co‐created research.Patient or Public ContributionPeople with lived experience of emotional distress and/or suicidal crisis, including academic researchers, service and peer workers, carers and advocates were involved in the co‐ideation and co‐design of this research. All authors identify as people with lived experience, from both academic and nonresearch backgrounds.
UK INFLATION DYNAMICS SINCE THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Nason James M. , Smith Gregor W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHistorians have suggested that there were waves of inflation or price revolutions in the United Kingdom (and earlier England) in the 13th, 16th, and 18th centuries, prior to the ongoing inflation since 1935. We study retail price inflation since 1251 and model its dynamics. The model is an AR(n) but allows for gradually evolving or drifting parameters and stochastic volatility. The long‐horizon forecasts suggest only one inflation wave, that of the 20th century. We also use the model to measure inflation predictability and price‐level instability from the beginning of the sample and to provide measures of real interest rates since 1695.
Cardiomyocyte‐derived HMGB1 takes a protective role in CVB3‐induced viral myocarditis via inhibiting cardiac apoptosis
Authors: Sun Tianle , Dong Chunsheng , Xiong Sidong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)‐induced viral myocarditis (VMC) is characterized by immune cell infiltration and myocardial damage. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nuclear DNA‐binding protein that participates in DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, repair response and inflammatory response in different disease models. To investigate the exact function of HMGB1 in CVB3‐induced VMC, we crossed Hmgb1‐floxed (Hmgb1f/f) mice with mice carrying a suitable Cre recombinase transgenic strain to achieve conditional inactivation of the Hmgb1 gene in a cardiomyocyte‐specific manner and to establish myocarditis. In this study, we found that cardiomyocyte‐specific Hmgb1‐deficient (Hmgb1f/fTgCre/+) mice exhibited exacerbated myocardial injury. Hmgb1‐deficient cardiomyocytes may promote early apoptosis via the p53‐mediated Bax mitochondrial pathway, as evidenced by the higher localization of p53 protein in the cytosol of Hmgb1‐deficient cardiomyocytes upon CVB3 infection. Moreover, cardiomyocyte Hmgb1‐deficient mice are more susceptible to cardiac dysfunction after infection. This study provides new insights into HMGB1 in VMC pathogenesis and a strategy for appropriate blocking of HMGB1 in the clinical treatment of VMC.
Risk of plant invasions and management planning in the Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Wei Bo , Zhang Yili , Liu Linshan , Gu Changjun , Wang Zhaofeng , Yu Haibin , Cui Bohao , Gong Dianqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsMountain environments have high biodiversity and face an accelerating plant invasion risk. Given the enormous ecological and economic value of these ecosystems, there is an urgent need to detect and rapidly respond to invasive species risk. Here, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in China was selected to examine distribution patterns of invasive alien plants (IAPs) and propose management strategies.LocationThe Tibetan Plateau in China.MethodsBased on native and non‐native occurrences of 123 IAPs alongside environmental variables, we assembled species distribution models and the MIGCLIM model to simulate suitable growth and dispersal areas under current climatic conditions. All IAPs were classified based on the predicted suitable area size, occurrence number and harm level to propose various management strategies.ResultsThere was a significant separation between the climate niches of most IAPs and the climatic conditions of the TP, meaning the areas suitable for most IAPs were limited to low latitudes and elevations. These areas also have further dispersal risks and risks for new IAPs being introduced. Among 123 IAPs, 23 species had above‐average occurrences and suitable distribution areas; in the remaining 100 occurrences and distributions, at least one IAP was less than the average.Main ConclusionsSuitable areas for IAPs in the TP are currently limited to low‐elevation regions, which are also at a higher risk of further expansion. Management measures should focus on potential high‐risk areas and diffusion pathways where IAPs can spread further. Efforts should prevent species that have not been established but have large potential suitable areas from being introduced, eradicate established IAPs with limited suitable areas, and control established IAPs. These results can provide a reference for developing more efficient and cost‐effective management strategies.
Hard and soft tissue healing around teeth prepared with the biologically oriented preparation technique and restored with provisional crowns: An in vivo experimental investigation
Authors: Palombo David , Rahmati Maryam , Vignoletti Fabio , Sanz‐Esporrin Javier , Salido Mari Paz , Haugen Håvard Jostein , Sanz Mariano 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the hard and soft tissues healing around teeth prepared with the biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT) versus the chamfer technique versus non‐prepared teeth.Materials and MethodsThirty‐two teeth in eight beagle dogs were randomly prepared with the BOPT (test = 16) or chamfer (control = 16) techniques and covered with polymethylmethacrylate crowns as provisional restorations. Sixteen negative controls (non‐prepared teeth) were also used for comparison. Histological description and histomorphometrical measurements of the periodontal tissues were collected at 4 and 12 weeks in 7 out of 8 dogs, including the soft tissue height and thickness, and the horizontal and vertical bone dimensions.ResultsWhen compared with negative controls, test and control preparation techniques exhibited a more apical location of the free gingival margin with respect to the cement‐enamel junction (∆ = 1.1 mm for both groups at 4 weeks (p < .05), 0.99 mm for the test group (p = .043) and 0.20 mm for control group (p = 1.000) at 12 weeks). There were no significant differences between test and control groups with respect to vertical and horizontal histometric measurements.ConclusionsThe BOPT and chamfer tooth preparation protocols induced similar qualitative and quantitative changes in the healing of the supra‐crestal soft tissue complex, when compared with non‐prepared teeth. Despite the limited amount of power, it appeared that differences between the tested preparation techniques were not statistically significant.
Understanding the evolution of immune genes in jawed vertebrates
Authors: Vinkler Michal , Fiddaman Steven R. , Těšický Martin , O'Connor Emily A. , Savage Anna E. , Lenz Tobias L. , Smith Adrian L. , Kaufman Jim , Bolnick Daniel I. , Davies Charli S. , Dedić Neira , Flies Andrew S. , Samblás M. Mercedes Gómez , Henschen Amberleigh E. , Novák Karel , Palomar Gemma , Raven Nynke , Samaké Kalifa , Slade Joel , Veetil Nithya Kuttiyarthu , Voukali Eleni , Höglund Jacob , Richardson David S. , Westerdahl Helena 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Driven by co-evolution with pathogens, host immunity continuously adapts to optimize defence against pathogens within a given environment. Recent advances in genetics, genomics and transcriptomics have enabled a more detailed investigation into how immunogenetic variation shapes the diversity of immune responses seen across domestic and wild animal species. However, a deeper understanding of the diverse molecular mechanisms that shape immunity within and among species is still needed to gain insight into—and generate evolutionary hypotheses on—the ultimate drivers of immunological differences. Here, we discuss current advances in our understanding of molecular evolution underpinning jawed vertebrate immunity. First, we introduce the immunome concept, a framework for characterizing genes involved in immune defence from a comparative perspective, then we outline how immune genes of interest can be identified. Second, we focus on how different selection modes are observed acting across groups of immune genes and propose hypotheses to explain these differences. We then provide an overview of the approaches used so far to study the evolutionary heterogeneity of immune genes on macro and microevolutionary scales. Finally, we discuss some of the current evidence as to how specific pathogens affect the evolution of different groups of immune genes. This review results from the collective discussion on the current key challenges in evolutionary immunology conducted at the ESEB 2021 Online Satellite Symposium: Molecular evolution of the vertebrate immune system, from the lab to natural populations.
Abstract
Reviewing current advances in our understanding of molecular evolution underpinning vertebrate immunity, we propose hypotheses to explain differences in selection modes across immune genes and discuss supporting evidence.
Identified person “bias” as decreasing marginal value of chances
Authors: Stefánsson H. Orri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany philosophers think that we should use a lottery to decide who gets a good to which two persons have an equal claim but which only one person can get. Some philosophers think that we should save identified persons from harm even at the expense of saving a somewhat greater number of statistical persons from the same harm. I defend a principled way of justifying both judgements, namely, by appealing to the decreasing marginal moral value of survival chances. I identify four desiderata that, I contend, any such justification should satisfy, and explain how my account meets these desiderata, unlike some previous accounts.
Clinical Outcomes of Closed Reduction and External Fixation for Isolated Second Metacarpal Base Fracture‐Dislocations
Authors: Yao Zhi‐Yuan , Fan Shu‐Yao , Huang Jie‐Feng 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThe isolated second metacarpal base fracture‐dislocations in adults are rare, and the traditional main treatments include closed reduction with the plaster or splint and open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF). However, closed reduction with the plaster or splint is not solid enough and ORIF can damage the surrounding important tissues. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical outcomes of closed reduction and external fixation (CREF) for the treatment of isolated second metacarpal base fracture‐dislocations.MethodsTen patients who suffered isolated second metacarpal base fracture‐dislocations between January 1, 2010, and February 1, 2020, were reviewed. All of the patients were treated by CREF. Radiographs and computed tomography scans were performed regularly after the operation. The grip and pinch strength, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, American Society for Surgery of the Hand total active movement (TAM) and total active flexion (TAF) scores, Cooney score, Sollerman hand function test (SHFT) score, QuickDASH score, and range of motion of the index finger were recorded at the last follow‐up visit to evaluate functional recovery; the injured and healthy hands were compared and we also recorded postoperative complications. The paired samplest‐test was used to compare the healthy and injured sides.ResultsThe patients were followed up for a median of 29.50 ± 4.2 months. There were no significant differences in the grip strength, pinch strength, angle of proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) flexion, or angle of distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) flexion between the injured and healthy sides at the final follow‐up visit (allp > 0.05). The mean TAM (268.20 ± 4.21) and TAF scores (270.60 ± 4.17) on injured side were significantly lower than those on healthy side (allp < 0.05). The mean Cooney score (93.50 ± 7.47) and SHFT score (78.50 ± 1.08) on injured side were lower, while the mean QuickDASH score (7.05 ± 3.11) on injured side was higher than those on healthy side (allp < 0.05). The mean VAS pain score was 0.50 ± 0.53 on injured side. There were no significant postoperative complications except for traumatic arthritis in one patient without obvious clinical symptoms.ConclusionCREF achieves the satisfactory curative effect, and the patients obtain the good functional recovery without significant postoperative complications. CREF is a safe and effective treatment for isolated second metacarpal base fracture‐dislocations with satisfactory clinical outcomes.