bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic programming network for point target detection
Authors: Fu Jingneng , Wei Hongyan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo improve the efficiency of the dim point target detection based on dynamic programming (DP), this paper proposes a multi-frame target detection method based on a DP ring network (DPRN). In the proposed method, first, the target trajectory is approximated using the piecewise linear function. The velocity space partition DP (VSP-DP) is used to accumulate the merit functions of a target on each piecewise linear trajectory segment to avoid the merit function diffusion in different velocity spaces. In addition, the velocity space matching DP (VSM-DP) is employed to realize the state transition of a target between adjacent piecewise linear trajectory segments. Then, the VSP-DP and VSM-DP are used to construct a DP network (DPN). Second, to suppress the merit function diffusion further, the sequential and reverse DPNs are connected in a head-to-tail manner to form a DPRN, and the merit function of the DPRN is obtained by averaging the merit functions of the sequential and reverse DPNs. Finally, the target trajectory is obtained by tracking the extreme points of the merit functions of the DPRN. The simulation and analysis results show that the proposed DPRN combines the advantages of high detection probability of the high-order DP and high execution efficiency of the first-order DP. The proposed DPRN is suitable for radars and infrared searching and tracking systems.
Brain metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease: biological mechanisms of exercise
Authors: Xu Longfei , Liu Ran , Qin Yingkai , Wang Tianhui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major subtype of neurodegenerative dementia caused by long-term interactions and accumulation of multiple adverse factors, accompanied by dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and molecular pathways in the brain. At the cellular and molecular levels, the neuronal cellular milieu of the AD brain exhibits metabolic abnormalities, compromised bioenergetics, impaired lipid metabolism, and reduced overall metabolic capacity, which lead to abnormal neural network activity and impaired neuroplasticity, thus accelerating the formation of extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. The current absence of effective pharmacological therapies for AD points to the urgent need to investigate the benefits of non-pharmacological approaches such as physical exercise. Despite the evidence that regular physical activity can improve metabolic dysfunction in the AD state, inhibit different pathophysiological molecular pathways associated with AD, influence the pathological process of AD, and exert a protective effect, there is no clear consensus on the specific biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the advantages of physical exercise. Here, we review how physical exercise improves crucial molecular pathways and biological processes associated with metabolic disorders in AD, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, Aβ metabolism and transport, iron metabolism and tau pathology. How metabolic states influence brain health is also presented. A better knowledge on the neurophysiological mechanisms by which exercise improves AD metabolism can contribute to the development of novel drugs and improvement of non-pharmacological interventions.
Perfectionism and binge eating association: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vicent María , Gonzálvez Carolina , Quiles María José , Sánchez-Meca Julio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPerfectionism is considered a vulnerability factor for eating disorders. However, the role of perfectionism in binge eating needs clarification due to notably inconsistencies between studies. The purpose to this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the perfectionism-binge eating association.MethodSystematic review was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 statement. Four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and Psicodoc) were searched to identify studies published until September 2022. The literature search yielded 30 published articles (N = 9392) that provided 33 independent estimations of the correlation between the two variables.ResultsRandom-effects meta-analysis revealed a small-to-moderate positive average effect size between general perfectionism and binge eating (r+ = .17) with a large heterogeneity. Perfectionistic Concerns showed a significant small-to-moderate relationship with binge eating (r+ = .27), whereas Perfectionistic Strivings presented a negligible relationship with binge eating (r+ = .07). Moderator analyses showed that the age, the type of the sample, the study design, and the tools for assessing both variables were statistically associated with the perfectionism-binge eating effect sizes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that Perfectionism Concerns are closely associated with binge eating symptomatology. This relationship might be moderated by certain variables, especially by the clinical or non-clinical nature of the sample and the instrument employed to assess binge eating.
Performance comparison between multi-center histopathology datasets of a weakly-supervised deep learning model for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma detection
Authors: Carrillo-Perez Francisco , Ortuno Francisco M. , Börjesson Alejandro , Rojas Ignacio , Herrera Luis Javier 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic ductal carcinoma patients have a really poor prognosis given its difficult early detection and the lack of early symptoms. Digital pathology is routinely used by pathologists to diagnose the disease. However, visually inspecting the tissue is a time-consuming task, which slows down the diagnostic procedure. With the advances occurred in the area of artificial intelligence, specifically with deep learning models, and the growing availability of public histology data, clinical decision support systems are being created. However, the generalization capabilities of these systems are not always tested, nor the integration of publicly available datasets for pancreatic ductal carcinoma detection (PDAC).

Methods
In this work, we explored the performace of two weakly-supervised deep learning models using the two more widely available datasets with pancreatic ductal carcinoma histology images, The Cancer Genome Atlas Project (TCGA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC). In order to have sufficient training data, the TCGA dataset was integrated with the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project dataset, which contains healthy pancreatic samples.

Results
We showed how the model trained on CPTAC generalizes better than the one trained on the integrated dataset, obtaining an inter-dataset accuracy of 90.62% ± 2.32 and an outer-dataset accuracy of 92.17% when evaluated on TCGA + GTEx. Furthermore, we tested the performance on another dataset formed by tissue micro-arrays, obtaining an accuracy of 98.59%. We showed how the features learned in an integrated dataset do not differentiate between the classes, but between the datasets, noticing that a stronger normalization might be needed when creating clinical decision support systems with datasets obtained from different sources. To mitigate this effect, we proposed to train on the three available datasets, improving the detection performance and generalization capabilities of a model trained only on TCGA + GTEx and achieving a similar performance to the model trained only on CPTAC.

Conclusions
The integration of datasets where both classes are present can mitigate the batch effect present when integrating datasets, improving the classification performance, and accurately detecting PDAC across different datasets.
Tessaratoma javanica and Coridius singhalanus in the practice of entomophagy in Nagaland: an assessment of their nutritional quality
Authors: Pongener Anungla , Ao Bendang , Yenisetti Sarat Chandra , Soren Amar Deep 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
A survey was executed to estimate the extent of entomophagy practiced by the tribal population in Nagaland. From the survey, two consumed stink bugs, namely Tessaratoma javanica and Coridius singhalanus, were assessed. Nutrient contents were assessed following the AOAC guidelines and elements were quantised using ICP-OES.

Results
About 55% of the people surveyed consumed T. javanica, and 49% were consumers of C. singhalanus. The survey also indicated that the non-consumer respondents did not have any aversion towards the consumption of these insects. Biochemical analysis revealed that except for carbohydrate and moisture contents, all the other evaluated parameters (ash, crude fats, crude protein, and fibre content) were found to be comparatively higher in C. singhalanus, although the difference was significant (p ≤ 0.05) only for crude fat, carbohydrate, and fibre content. Trace elements analysis revealed that calcium (107.74 ± 0.213 mg/100 g), iron (22.17 ± 0.080 mg/100 g), and sodium (120.34 ± 0.214 mg/100 g) contents were significantly higher in T. javanica, whereas magnesium (76.06 ± 0.166 mg/100 g) content was significantly higher in C. singhalanus.

Conclusions
Both the bugs show good nutritive contents and are liked for their distinctive smell and flavour.
An effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial of phone-based tobacco cessation interventions in the Lebanese primary healthcare system: protocol for project PHOENICS
Authors: Salloum Ramzi G. , Romani Maya , Bteddini Dima S. , El-Jardali Fadi , Lee Ji-Hyun , Theis Ryan , LeLaurin Jennifer H. , Hamadeh Randa , Osman Mona , Abla Ruba , Khaywa Jihan , Ward Kenneth D. , Shelley Donna , Nakkash Rima 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the world. Lebanon has an exceptionally high tobacco use burden. The World Health Organization endorses smoking cessation advice integrated into primary care settings as well as easily accessible and free phone-based counseling and low-cost pharmacotherapy as standard of practice for population-level tobacco dependence treatment. Although these interventions can increase access to tobacco treatment and are highly cost-effective compared with other interventions, their evidence base comes primarily from high-income countries, and they have rarely been evaluated in low- and middle-income countries. Recommended interventions are not integrated as a routine part of primary care in Lebanon, as in other low-resource settings. Addressing this evidence-to-practice gap requires research on multi-level interventions and contextual factors for implementing integrated, scalable, and sustainable cessation treatment within low-resource settings.

Methods
The objective of this study is to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of promising multi-component interventions for implementing evidence-based tobacco treatment in primary healthcare centers within the Lebanese National Primary Healthcare Network. We will adapt and tailor an existing in-person smoking cessation program to deliver phone-based counseling to smokers in Lebanon. We will then conduct a three-arm group-randomized trial of 1500 patients across 24 clinics comparing (1) ask about tobacco use; advise to quit; assist with brief counseling (AAA) as standard care; (2) ask; advise; connect to phone-based counseling (AAC); and (3) AAC + nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). We will also evaluate the implementation process to measure factors that influence implementation. Our central hypothesis is that connecting patients to phone-based counseling with NRT is the most effective alternative. This study will be guided by the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework, supported by Proctor’s framework for implementation outcomes.

Discussion
The project addresses the evidence-to-practice gap in the provision of tobacco dependence treatment within low-resource settings by developing and testing contextually tailored multi-level interventions while optimizing implementation success and sustainability. This research is significant for its potential to guide the large-scale adoption of cost-effective strategies for implementing tobacco dependence treatment in low-resource settings, thereby reducing tobacco-related morbidity and mortality.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05628389, Registered 16 November 2022.
Study the impact of transient state on the doubly fed induction generator for various wind speeds
Authors: Alsati Batoul Amen , Ibrahim Ghassan Issa , Moussa Rami Ramadan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecently, renewable resources such as wind, hydro, and tidal have experienced a rapid development. Electricity production, based on wind, has been concentrated on a large scale. Additionally, a doubly fed induction generator has been used in wind farms on a large scale. This machine is influenced by the multiple transient states that are happening in the grid. Many researchers studied the effect of voltage-dip on DFIG performance; none of them studied the effect of voltage-dip sharing with wind-speed changing for both sub- and hyper-synchronous modes. In this paper, DFIG behavior is investigated under a transient state which is represented by 3-phase voltage-dip, in both operation modes (sub-synchronous & hyper-synchronous) with various values of the wind speed. Based on MATLAB Simulink, the various DFIG parameters are extracted to determine the relation between voltage-dip, variable wind speed, and DFIG performance. Results show that the parameters that are affected were rotor-current, rotor-voltage, and DC-Link voltage, while stator-current and stator-flux are not affected. It is also shown that DC-Link voltage values are smaller in the hyper-synchronous mode compared with sub-synchronous one.
Bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block reduces pain and the need for additional analgesics after elective cesarean section under opioid-free spinal anesthesia: findings from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Innamorato Massimo Antonio , Vittori Alessandro , Natoli Silvia , Perna Paolo , Farinelli Ilaria , Petrucci Emiliano , Baciarello Marco , Francia Elisa , Marinangeli Franco , Bignami Elena Giovanna , Cascella Marco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Cesarean section (CS) is the most frequently performed obstetric procedure globally, and postoperative pain remains a prominent concern. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in addressing this issue.

Methods
We performed a randomized trial in women with term pregnancies who underwent elective CS with spinal anesthesia. The women were randomized (1:1) to receive bilateral TAP or postoperative systemic analgesics (control group). The primary outcome was the effect on postoperative pain assessed using the numeric rating score (NRS) at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h in the postoperative period.

Results
At 2 and 6 h after the surgical procedure, there was a significant reduction in both resting (rNRS p = 0.004) and movement-related pain (dNRS p = 0.0001, p = 0.001 respectively). However, at 12 h, a reduction of dNRS was demonstrated (p = 0.0001), while no benefit was observed at rest. The percentage of women with NRS ≤ 4 was higher after the block at 2 h for both resting and movement-related pain (rNRS p = 0.010; dNRS p = 0.0001); at 6 and 12 h, it was only significant for dNRS (p = 0.002). Rescue doses of analgesics were significantly higher in the control group at 2, 6, and 12 h (p = 0.01, p = 0.0383, p = 0.0003 respectively). No complications with the procedure were recorded.

Conclusion
Bilateral TAP block has the potential to alleviate postoperative pain and reduce the need for additional analgesics after CS.

Trial registration
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number (NCT02801968), registered 28 May 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02801968?term=NCT02801968&draw=2&rank=1
Operational Challenges of an Asia-Pacific Academic Oncology Clinical Trial
Authors: Day Daphne , Toh Han Chong , Ali Raghib , Foo Estelle Mei Jye , Simes John , Chia John Whay Kuang , Segelov Eva ,   on behalf of the ASCOLT Investigators
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE
The Asia-Pacific (APAC) region is a major focus for multinational clinical trials, although its cultural, linguistic, economic, and regulatory diversity pose significant challenges for trial conduct, particularly for academic clinical trials.

METHODS

We describe our experience running the investigator-initiated phase III randomized, fully accrued, Aspirin for Dukes C and high-risk Dukes B Colorectal cancer trial (ASCOLT, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT00565708
, N = 1,587), studying the benefit of aspirin in resected high-risk colorectal cancer. ASCOLT opened in 2008 and is the first large academic adjuvant trial fully conducted in the APAC region. Centrally coordinated by the Trial Management Team at the National Cancer Centre Singapore, it has involved 74 sites across 12 APAC countries/regions, including five middle-income countries.

RESULTS
Challenges encountered included regulatory complexity, communication and logistical barriers, limited funding and resources, disparate experience and infrastructure across sites, recruitment holds because of changes in local laws, patient attrition, and disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 100 contracts and 49 ethics board reviews were required, contributing to a lengthy prestudy preparation time of 2 years and start-up times of approximately 6 months per site. Some of the mitigating actions included engaging local cooperative groups (eg, the Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group in Australia and New Zealand) and seven contract research organizations to manage sites, regular communication with the central team, transition to electronic data management, and a centralized drug-dispensing system.

CONCLUSION
To ensure an efficient and patient-centered clinical trials environment in the APAC region and sustained growth, we suggest coordinated approaches to harmonize regulatory processes, APAC academic oncology trials consortia to streamline processes and provide governance, and ongoing commitment from governments, funding agents, and industry.
Relacorilant + Nab-Paclitaxel in Patients With Recurrent, Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer: A Three-Arm, Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label Phase II Study
Authors: Colombo Nicoletta , Van Gorp Toon , Matulonis Ursula A. , Oaknin Ana , Grisham Rachel N. , Fleming Gini F. , Olawaiye Alexander B. , Nguyen Dorothy D. , Greenstein Andrew E. , Custodio Joseph M. , Pashova Hristina I. , Tudor Iulia C. , Lorusso Domenica 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE Despite therapeutic advances, outcomes for patients with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer remain poor. Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulation with relacorilant may restore chemosensitivity and enhance chemotherapy efficacy. METHODS This three-arm, randomized, controlled, open-label phase II study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03776812 ) enrolled women with recurrent, platinum-resistant/refractory, high-grade serous or endometrioid epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer, or ovarian carcinosarcoma treated with ≤4 prior chemotherapeutic regimens. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to (1) nab-paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) + intermittent relacorilant (150 mg the day before, of, and after nab-paclitaxel); (2) nab-paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) + continuous relacorilant (100 mg once daily); or (3) nab-paclitaxel monotherapy (100 mg/m2). Nab-paclitaxel was administered on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) by investigator assessment; objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), overall survival (OS), and safety were secondary end points. RESULTS A total of 178 women were randomly assigned. Intermittent relacorilant + nab-paclitaxel improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; log-rank test P = .038; median follow-up, 11.1 months) and DOR (HR, 0.36; P = .006) versus nab-paclitaxel monotherapy, while ORR was similar across arms. At the preplanned OS analysis (median follow-up, 22.5 months), the OS HR was 0.67 ( P = .066) for the intermittent arm versus nab-paclitaxel monotherapy. Continuous relacorilant + nab-paclitaxel showed numerically improved median PFS but did not result in significant improvement over nab-paclitaxel monotherapy. Adverse events were comparable across study arms, with neutropenia, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and fatigue/asthenia being the most common grade ≥3 adverse events. CONCLUSION Intermittent relacorilant + nab-paclitaxel improved PFS, DOR, and OS compared with nab-paclitaxel monotherapy. On the basis of protocol-prespecified Hochberg step-up multiplicity adjustment, the primary end point did not reach statistical significance ( P < .025). A phase III evaluation of this regimen is underway (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05257408 ).
Outcome of Children and Adolescents With Relapsed/Refractory/Progressive Malignancies Treated With Molecularly Informed Targeted Drugs in the Pediatric Precision Oncology Registry INFORM
Authors: Heipertz Anna-Elisa , Pajtler Kristian W. , Pfaff Elke , Schramm Kathrin , Blattner-Johnson Mirjam , Milde Till , Jones Barbara C. , Zuliani Cecilia , Hutter Caroline , Lohi Olli , Kattamis Antonis , Dachowska-Kalwak Iwona , Nilsson Anna , Gerber Nicolas U. , Langenberg Karin P.S. , Goemans Bianca F. , Zwaan C. Michel , Molenaar Jan J. , Jäger Natalie , Dirksen Uta , Witt Ruth , Pfister Stefan M. , Jones David T.W. , Kopp-Schneider Annette , Witt Olaf , van Tilburg Cornelis M. 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE INFORM is an international pediatric precision oncology registry, prospectively collecting molecular and clinical data of children with recurrent, progressive, or very high-risk malignancies. We have previously identified a subgroup of patients with improved outcomes on the basis of molecular profiling. The present analysis systematically investigates progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients receiving matching targeted treatment (MTT) with the most frequently applied drug classes and its correlation with underlying molecular alterations. METHODS A cohort of 519 patients with relapsed or refractory high-risk malignancies who had completed a follow-up of at least 2 years or shorter in the case of death or loss to follow-up was analyzed. Survival times were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS MTT with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK), and B-RAF kinase (BRAF) inhibitors showed significantly improved PFS ( P = .012) and OS ( P = .036) in comparison with conventional treatment or no treatment. However, analysis of the four most commonly applied MTT groups, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK- n = 19), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK- n = 23), other kinase (n = 62), and mammalian-target of rapamycin (mTOR- n = 20) inhibitors, did not reveal differences in PFS or OS compared with conventional treatment or no treatment in patients with similar molecular pathway alterations. We did not observe differences in the type of pathway alterations (eg, copy number alterations, single-nucleotide variants, InDels, gene fusions) addressed by MTT. CONCLUSION Patients with respective molecular alterations benefit from treatment with ALK, NTRK, and BRAF inhibitors as previously described. No survival benefit was observed with MTT for mutations in the MEK, CDK, other kinase, or mTOR signaling pathways. The noninterventional character of a registry has to be taken into account when interpreting these data and underlines the need for innovative interventional biomarker–driven clinical trials in pediatric oncology.