bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Australian Centaur State and the Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery
Authors: Papadopoulos Angelika , O’Keeffe Patrick 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article uses Loïc Wacquant’s concept of the centaur state to analyse symbolic framings of the meaning and future of work in the Australian policy response to COVID-19 in 2020. In contrast with historical conceptualisations anchored in rights and social security, contemporary Australian social welfare policy discourse is dominated by political representations of the imperative to work. For people currently outside of the labour market, self-reliance through paid work is a primary objective of social security policy. In 2020, economic impacts of national lockdowns were ameliorated by large transfers from the state to businesses and individuals. Concurrent announcements of plans for a ‘business-led’ post-pandemic economic recovery centred the message that the meaning of work lies in its individual and social utility. Prior to the pandemic, transformation of the modes of organisation of work had already brought into question normative claims about the meaning of work, and what is comprehended by the term ‘job’. Analysis of key ‘economic recovery’ policy initiatives illustrates that they combined considerable corporate welfare with a construction of job seekers as having unrealistic expectations of meaningful work, for which there could be no room in the institutional machinery driving economic recovery. In the policy trajectory of the Australian centaur state, the future of work for people currently unemployed is to serve as a resource to fuel the business-led recovery.
Mid- to Late Holocene geomorphodynamics in a long-term settled mountain catchment in the Pergamon micro-region, western Turkey
Authors: Yang Xun , Becker Fabian , Nykamp Moritz , Ludwig Bernhard , Doğan Mehmet , Doğan Turhan , Knitter Daniel , Schütt Brigitta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrom 300 BC to AD 300, the city of Pergamon underwent a profound transformation that impacted the rural settlement patterns and the concomitant geomorphodynamics. We present a geoarchaeological study in a long-term settled catchment in the Pergamon micro-region to disentangle the Holocene geomorphodynamics and triggering factors, for example, climate change and human activity. The analyses of eight radiocarbon-dated sediment profiles from the Tekkedere alluvial fan and its catchment indicate four principal sedimentation phases. Phase 1 (ca. 6.2 to 5–4 ka) is dominated by the floodplain aggradation of the receiving Bakırçay River, which is followed by the formation of floodplain soils (phase 2). Substantial geomorphodynamic changes occurred around 4 ka (phase 3), when the edge of the floodplain was buried by fan sediments of the tributary Tekkedere creek. This is attributed to supraregional aridization and rapid climate change events, superimposed by the onset of local human activities. Repeated cycles of coarse- and fine-textured fan sediments with age inversions after ca. 3.8 ka and valley infills younger than 1300 yr BP indicate the strong erosion and redeposition of sediments in phase 4. These increased geomorphodynamics may coincide with the changing settlement pattern and thus reflect human–environment interactions.
By Myself but Not Alone. Agency, Creativity and Extended Musical Historicity
Authors: SCHIAVIO ANDREA , RYAN KEVIN , MORAN NIKKI , VAN DER SCHYFF DYLAN , GALLAGHER SHAUN 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper we offer a preliminary framework that highlights the relational nature of solo music-making, and its associated capacity to influence the constellation of habits and experiences one develops through acts of musicking. To do so, we introduce the notion of extended musical historicity and suggest that when novice and expert performers engage in individual musical practices, they often rely on an extended sense of agency which permeates their musical experience and shapes their creative outcomes. To support this view, we report on an exploratory, qualitative study conducted with novice and expert music performers. This was designed to elicit a range of responses, beliefs, experiences and meanings concerning the main categories of agency and creativity. Our data provide rich descriptions of solitary musical practices by both novice and expert performers, and reveal ways in which these experiences involve social contingencies that appear to generate or transform creative musical activity. We argue that recognition of the interactive components of individual musicking may shed new light on the cognition of solo and joint music performance, and should inspire the development of novel conceptual and empirical tools for future research and theory.
Machinery arrangements for small Vtol transport aircraft
Authors: MacPhail D. C. , Jackson A. S. , Moore E. S. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAircraft plying between urban and outlying communities usually enjoy a runway with noise restrictions at the urban end and perhaps little to land on at the other end, but with no objection to noisy operation. The existence of this situation in northern Canada persuaded the National Research Council to embark — some thirty years ago — on an investigation of powered lift possibilities, with strong support from the trunk and regional airlines, the charter and helicopter operators, and various manufacturers.From a number of generic lift-propulsion arrangements examined in greater or lesser detail, a selection are described here in increasing order of what the certifying authorities call “damage tolerance” or reduced dependence on “critical parts”. Freedom from demands for hovering endurance and quietness, combined with emphasis on small aircraft, offered encouragement to attack what is otherwise a very difficult task. Of the alternatives, only one, which incorporated transverse axis fans and the light weight gas turbines now available, emerged as a potentially satisfactory choice for small rugged transport aircraft.The project was discontinued because of pressure of other work, but is recounted here in case others may discern wider market possibilities. A small Vtol aircraft should, if successful, be a useful precursor to sophisticated airliners capable of taking off and landing without a run.
Some contributions to propulsion theory — Fuel consumption formulae and general range equation
Authors: Bore C. L. 
Published: March 2023

The permanent urgency of aircraft design during the author’s career at Hawker Aircraft, a.k.a. British Aerospace Kingston, inhibited publication of his advances of theory. So he collected those on propulsion and presented them to the Royal Aeronautical Society in a lecture “Some Unpublished Contributions to Propulsion Theory” on 11 March 1992. The meeting proposed that the material should be published in full, and F. W. Armstrong helpfully suggested that the best way for future reference would be to divide the material into Technical Notes on related topics, each capable of standing alone. These have been reworked to stand separately, as follows:1)Fuel consumption formulae and the general range equation2)The Stream Force Theorem and applications to propulsion3)Non-isentropic duct flow and the general wake traverse4)Propulsion streamtubes in supersonic flow and the first supercritical intake cowl5)Rotary jet thrust augmenters(a)fallacy of Foa’s theory and correction(b)the jet fan augmenter.
The solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for two-dimensional compressible flows using a simple second order accurate algorithm
Authors: Sinhamahapatra K. P. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe compressible flow Navier-Stokes equations, in conservation form, have been solved using a modified MacCormack implicit predictor-corrector scheme. For turbulent flow the solution is modified by incorporating an eddy viscosity, to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The algorithm is accurate to second order in time and space and is unconditionally stable. It requires the solution of block bidiagonal matrices and the programme can run on commonly available minicomputers. It also has the advantage that a steady state solution is approached, if it exists, independent of the time step employed.Numerical results are presented for the two-dimensional shock-boundary layer interaction in both laminar and turbulent flow and the results are compared with experimental values and the numerical results of other workers. The method is calibrated against the analytical solution for the boundary layer on a flat plate and for the time dependent Couette flow problem.
Automatic navigation in the air and at sea
Authors: Smith S.G. 
Published: March 2023

Navigation is an art practised by all who travel but it developed as a science when the means of travel took travellers beyond sight of landmarks. Thus it was seamen who initially developed the science of navigation and the requirements of the marine fraternity drove its development until the invention of the aeroplane.The capabilities of early aircraft limited their navigation requirements but as they could fly in conditions where visual contact with the ground was lost, the need for sophisticated navigation methods grew. At first marine techniques and equipment were adopted but these were found to have severe limitations in the new environment.
Propulsion streamtubes in supersonic flow and supercritical intake cowl
Authors: Bore C. L. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe proper treatment of the pre-entry and post-exit streamtubes of supersonic aircraft and their “corresponding” windtunnel models was considered in some depth for supersonic fighter designs, and investigated in wave drag research, but as a result of the cancellations of the major supersonic fighter programmes the results were not published. This note sets out the salient conclusions.The development of the first supercritical air intake cowl is also outlined.
Telehealth in treating tinnitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Habeeb A , Hemaya M , Hemaya M , Kanegaonkar R 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTreatment for tinnitus focuses on supportive therapies. Long waiting times in the National Health Service encourage telemedicine options as an alternative. This study aimed to review the literature on telemedicine in the management of tinnitus and analyse its impact on the burden of tinnitus, long-term, anxiety, depression, insomnia and quality of life.MethodPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science were searched. English randomised, controlled trials with adult participants suffering from tinnitus were included. A random effects model looking at standardised mean differences between intervention and control groups was utilised.ResultsEleven randomised, controlled trials were included. Nine studies looked at internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy. Az-value of 9.87 (p< 0.00001; I2= 21 per cent) showed telemedicine approaches may be better at reducing tinnitus burden compared with passive controls.ConclusionTelemedicine options have multiple benefits, but more research will be needed to conclusively say they are better than alternatives.
Proposal of the colour pattern reconstruction of basal cervids
Authors: GAMARRA Jesús , VEGA-PAGÁN Kelly A. , RODRÍGUEZ-ALBA Juan José , PÉREZ GONZÁLEZ Sergio , FESHARAKI Omid 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTMethodologies that analyse the colouration and external appearance of extant species are very useful tools when facing one of the greatest challenges in the palaeoartistic reconstructions of extinct fauna: inferring the colour patterns. Earlier works have applied this methodology, for example, in the reconstruction of the Miocene bovid Tethytragus, proving that the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis to infer ancestral states has promising potential. This study offers a proposal for the reconstruction of the external appearance of Heteroprox moralesi Azanza 1989, an early cervid of the Middle Miocene present in several fossil sites of Central Spain. For the reconstruction of the external appearance, the colour patterns of all the extant species of the family Cervidae were studied with the method of ML analysis, as well as recent works about their phylogeny. The results show the most probable basal colour pattern of the cervids: dark shades on the limbs, dorsal section, and head of the animal, and, in contrast, lighter colours on the neck and perianal region. This basal pattern can be used as a basis for reconstructing colouration and to hypothesise about the external appearance of extinct taxa. Furthermore, the inferred forest habitat of H. moralesi has been taken into consideration in order to adjust the colour pattern, comparing the final results of the analysis performed in this study with that of the pattern observed in extant forest deer as well as with previous works employing this methodology.
Pinpointing the Mechanism of Magnetic Enhancement in Modern Soils Using High‐Resolution Magnetic Field Imaging
Authors: Fu Roger R. , Maher Barbara A. , Nie Junsheng , Gao Peng , Berndt Thomas , Folsom Elizabeth , Cavanaugh Timothy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn well‐buffered modern soils, higher annual rainfall is associated with enhanced soil ferrimagnetic mineral content, especially of ultrafine particles that result in distinctive rock magnetic properties. Hence, paleosol magnetism has been widely used as a paleoprecipitation proxy. Identifying the dominant mechanism(s) of magnetic enhancement in a given sample is critical for reliable inference of paleoprecipitation. Here, we use high‐resolution magnetic field and electron microscopy to identify the grain‐scale setting and formation pathway of magnetic enhancement in two modern soils developed in higher (∼580 mm/y) and lower (∼190 mm/y) precipitation settings from the Qilianshan Range, China. We found that both soils contain 1–30 μm aeolian Fe‐oxide grains with indistinguishable rock magnetic properties, while the higher‐precipitation soil contains an additional population of ultrafine (<150 nm) magnetically distinct magnetite grains. We show that the in situ precipitation of these ultrafine particles, likely during wet‐dry cycling, is the only significant magnetic enhancement mechanism in this soil. These results demonstrate the potential of quantum diamond microscope magnetic microscopy to extract magnetic information from distinct, even intimately mixed, grain populations. This information can be used to evaluate the contribution of distinct enhancement mechanisms to the total magnetization.
Ocean‐Forcing and Glacier‐Specific Factors Drive Differing Glacier Response Across the 69°N Boundary, East Greenland
Authors: Brough S. , Carr J. R. , Ross N. , Lea J. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Greenland ice sheet has become a significant contributor to global sea level rise over the last 40–50 years. Approximately half of Greenland's mass loss since 1992 was due to increased ice discharge from marine‐terminating outlet glaciers. Here, we present high temporal resolution (∼monthly) time series of ice frontal positions for 24 marine‐terminating outlet glaciers along Greenland's east coast between 2013 and 2020. The glaciers are located north and south of 69°N, which has previously been identified as a potential divide in glacier response to climate forcing. Frontal positions are compared to ice velocity, atmospheric and oceanic data, allowing investigation of change at both seasonal and interannual timescales. Our results reveal 19 of 24 study glaciers underwent net retreat. We find marked differences in interannual patterns of frontal position between glaciers located north and south of 69°N. South of 69°N, glaciers underwent multiyear retreat initiated in 2016, which we attribute to over‐winter calving, resulting from warmer ocean waters and repeated ice‐mélange break‐up. North of 69°N glaciers show either limited or gradual changes in frontal positions and retreat patterns are characterized by more year‐on‐year variability between glaciers. Although similar atmospheric conditions occur across both regions, glaciers north of 69°N experience minimal change in ocean conditions, and are strongly influenced by glacier‐specific factors. Our results show that 69°N continues to represent a boundary between different glacier responses and climate forcing, which is likely to persist under current conditions.
Direct visualization of transcription-replication conflicts reveals post-replicative DNA:RNA hybrids
Authors: Stoy Henriette , Zwicky Katharina , Kuster Danina , Lang Kevin S , Krietsch Jana , Crossley Magdalena P. , Schmid Jonas A. , Cimprich Karlene A. , Merrikh Houra , Lopes Massimo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTranscription-replication collisions (TRCs) are crucial determinants of genome instability. R-loops were linked to head-on TRCs and proposed to obstruct replication fork progression. The underlying mechanisms, however, remained elusive due to the lack of direct visualization and of non-ambiguous research tools. Here, we ascertained the stability of estrogen-induced R-loops on the human genome, visualized them directly by electron microscopy (EM), and measured R-loop frequency and size at the single-molecule level. Combining EM and immuno-labeling on locus-specific head-on TRCs in bacteria, we observed the frequent accumulation of DNA:RNA hybrids behind replication forks. These post-replicative structures are linked to fork slowing and reversal across conflict regions and are distinct from physiological DNA:RNA hybrids at Okazaki fragments. Comet assays on nascent DNA revealed a marked delay in nascent DNA maturation in multiple conditions previously linked to R-loop accumulation. Altogether, our findings suggest that TRC-associated replication interference entails transactions that follow initial R-loop bypass by the replication fork.
Effect of mycorrhizae on phosphate fertilization efficiency and maize growth under field conditions
Authors: de Souza Buzo Fernando , Garé Lucas Martins , Garcia Nayara Fernanda Siviero , de Andrade Silva Maura Santos Reis , Martins Juliana Trindade , da Silva Pedro Henrique Giova , Meireles Flávia Constantino , de Souza Sales Leticia Zylmennith , Nogales Amaia , Rigobelo Everlon Cid , Arf Orivaldo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is a plant macronutrient that is indispensable for maize (Zea mays L.) production. However, P is difficult to manage in weathered soils, and its fertilization practice has low efficiency because it becomes unavailable for absorption by plant roots. Symbiosis of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increases plant growth and enhances P uptake from the soil that is not directly available to the roots. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine how inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices and phosphate fertilization interacts and influences the development and productivity of second-crop maize. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in 2019 and 2020, both in a Typic Haplorthox. A randomized block design in subdivided plots was used for the phosphate application during crop sowing (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% concentrations of the recommended level), and the secondary treatments were the doses of mycorrhizal inoculant (0, 60, 120 and 180 g ha−1) applied to the seed using a dry powder inoculant containing 20,800 infectious propagules per gram of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus R. intraradices. Only in the first year of the experiment, inoculation and phosphate fertilization promoted benefits to the maize crop, indicating potential to increase yield.
Common features in spatial livestock disease transmission parameters
Authors: Boender Gert Jan , Hagenaars Thomas J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe risk of epidemic spread of diseases in livestock poses a threat to animal and often also human health. Important for the assessment of the effect of control measures is a statistical model quantification of between-farm transmission during epidemics. In particular, quantification of the between-farm transmission kernel has proven its importance for a range of different diseases in livestock. In this paper we explore if a comparison of the different transmission kernels yields further insight. Our comparison identifies common features that connect across the different pathogen-host combinations analyzed. We conjecture that these features are universal and thereby provide generic insights. Comparison of the shape of the spatial transmission kernel suggests that, in absence of animal movement bans, the distance dependence of transmission has a universal shape analogous to Lévy-walk model descriptions of human movement patterns. Also, our analysis suggests that interventions such as movement bans and zoning, through their impact on these movement patterns, change the shape of the kernel in a universal fashion. We discuss how the generic insights suggested can be of practical use for assessing risks of spread and optimizing control measures, in particular when outbreak data is scarce.
Drosophilids with darker cuticle have higher body temperature under light
Authors: Freoa Laurent , Chevin Luis-Miguel , Christol Philippe , Méléard Sylvie , Rera Michael , Véber Amandine , Gibert Jean-Michel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCuticle pigmentation was shown to be associated with body temperature for several relatively large species of insects, but it was questioned for small insects. Here we used a thermal camera to assess the association between drosophilid cuticle pigmentation and body temperature increase when individuals are exposed to light. We compared mutants of large effects within species (Drosophila melanogaster ebony and yellow mutants). Then we analyzed the impact of naturally occurring pigmentation variation within species complexes (Drosophila americana/Drosophila novamexicana and Drosophila yakuba/Drosophila santomea). Finally we analyzed lines of D. melanogaster with moderate differences in pigmentation. We found significant differences in temperatures for each of the four pairs we analyzed. The temperature differences appeared to be proportional to the differently pigmented area: between Drosophila melanogaster ebony and yellow mutants or between Drosophila americana and Drosophila novamexicana, for which the whole body is differently pigmented, the temperature difference was around 0.6 °C ± 0.2 °C. By contrast, between D. yakuba and D. santomea or between Drosophila melanogaster Dark and Pale lines, for which only the posterior abdomen is differentially pigmented, we detected a temperature difference of about 0.14 °C ± 0.10 °C. This strongly suggests that cuticle pigmentation has ecological implications in drosophilids regarding adaptation to environmental temperature.