bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining the variation in 137Cs aggregated transfer factor for wild edible plants as a case study on Koshiabura (Eleutherococcus sciadophylloides) buds
Authors: Hayashi Seiji , Watanabe Mirai , Kanao Koshikawa Masami , Takada Momo , Takechi Seiichi , Takagi Mai , Sakai Masaru , Tamaoki Masanori 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aggregated transfer factor (Tag) is commonly used to represent the actual transfer of radiocesium from soil to wild edible plants, but the values have shown substantial variation since the Fukushima nuclear accident. To elucidate the factors causing this variation, we investigated the effects of spatial scale and vertical 137Cs distribution in the soil on the variation of Tag-137Cs values for one of the most severely contaminated wild edible plants, Eleutherococcus sciadophylloides Franch. et Sav. (Koshiabura). The variation in Tag-137Cs values was not reduced by direct measurement of 137Cs deposition in soil samples from the Koshiabura habitat, as a substitute for using spatially averaged airborne survey data at the administrative district scale. The 137Cs activity concentration in Koshiabura buds showed a significant positive correlation with the 137Cs inventories only in the organic horizon of soil from the Koshiabura habitat. The ratio of 137Cs inventories in the organic horizon to the total 137Cs deposition in soil exhibited substantial variation, especially in broad-leaved deciduous forests that Koshiabura primarily inhabits. This variation may be the cause of the wide range of Tag-137Cs values observed in Koshiabura buds when calculated from the total 137Cs deposition in soil.
Caffeine exacerbates seizure-induced death via postictal hypoxia
Authors: George Antis G. , Federico Alyssa , Gom Renaud C. , Harris Sydney A. , Teskey G. Campbell 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading epilepsy-related cause of premature mortality in people with intractable epilepsy, who are 27 times more likely to die than the general population. Impairment of the central control of breathing following a seizure has been identified as a putative cause of death, but the mechanisms underlying this seizure-induced breathing failure are largely unknown. Our laboratory has advanced a vascular theory of postictal behavioural dysfunction, including SUDEP. We have recently reported that seizure-induced death occurs after seizures invade brainstem breathing centres which then leads to local hypoxia causing breathing failure and death. Here we investigated the effects of caffeine and two adenosine receptors in two models of seizure-induced death. We recorded local oxygen levels in brainstem breathing centres as well as time to cessation of breathing and cardiac activity relative to seizure activity. The administration of the non-selective A1/A2A antagonist caffeine or the selective A1 agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine reveals a detrimental effect on postictal hypoxia, providing support for caffeine modulating cerebral vasculature leading to brainstem hypoxia and cessation of breathing. Conversely, A2A activation with CGS-21680 was found to increase the lifespan of mice in both our models of seizure-induced death.
A novel simplified method for extraction of microplastic particles from face scrub and laundry wastewater
Authors: Shalumon C. S. , Ratanatamskul Chavalit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicroplastic pollution in different environmental matrices is a serious concern in the recent times. Personal care products and washing of synthetic fabrics are some of the main sources of microplastic pollution. In this work, a novel simplified, effective and sustainable method for extraction of microplastic particles from face scrub and laundry wastewater was developed. Different parameters affecting the extraction were analysed and the extraction process was optimised. The extraction efficiency of the proposed method was found to be ~ 94.1 ± 1.65%, which was slightly better than the previously available method with an advantage of ease in extraction and lesser time and resource consuming. The developed method was used to demonstrate the extraction of microplastic particles from 12 face scrub samples with different brands. It was found that the samples contained microplastic particles of varying size. The physical and chemical structure intactness of microplastic particles during the extraction was also analysed and found to be acceptable. The developed extraction method was also applied for the extraction of microfibers from the laundry wastewater. It was found that this proposed method is suitable to make the cleaner extracted samples for an easy and more effective qualitative and quantitative analysis of MPs.
The isothermal Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy reduction affects survival of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Gruss Iwona , Twardowski Jacek , Samsel-Czekała Małgorzata , Beznosiuk Jarosław , Wandzel Czesław , Twardowska Kamila , Wiglusz Rafal J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence of the effect of isothermal changes in entropy on a living organism. In greater detail, the effect of the reduction of the total Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy (S) of the aquatic environment on the survival rate and body mass of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster was investigated. The tests were carried out in standard thermodynamic states at room temperature of 296.15 K and ambient atmospheric pressure of 1 bar. Two variants of entropy reduction (ΔS) were tested for ΔS = 28.49 and 51.14 J K−1 mol−1 compared to the blind and control samples. The entropy level was experimentally changed, using the quantum system for isothermal entropy reduction. This system is based on quantum bound entanglement of phonons and the phenomenon of phonon resonance (interference of phonon modes) in condensed matter (Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and single crystals of Silicon (Si0), Aluminum (Al0) plates (“chips”), glass, and water). All studied organisms were of the same age (1 day). Mortality was observed daily until the natural death of the organisms. The investigations showed that changes in the Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy affected the survival and body mass of the fruit flies. On the one hand, the reduction in entropy under isothermal conditions in the aquatic environment for ΔS = 28.49 J K−1 mol−1 resulted in an extension of the lifespan and an increase in the body mass of female fruit flies. On the other hand, the almost twofold reduction in this entropy for ΔS = 51.14 J K−1 mol−1 shortened the lives of the males. Thus, the lifespan and body mass of flies turned out to be a specific reaction of metabolism related to changes in the entropy of the aquatic environment.
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing educational and reminder digital interventions for promoting HPV vaccination uptake
Authors: Chandeying Nutthaporn , Thongseiratch Therdpong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlobal Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates remain low despite available WHO-approved vaccines. Digital interventions for promoting vaccination uptake offer a scalable and accessible solution to this issue. Here we report a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the efficacy of digital interventions, comparing educational and reminder approaches, for promoting HPV vaccination uptake (HVU). This study also identifies factors influencing the effectiveness of these interventions. We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from each database’s inception to January 2023. Three raters independently evaluate the studies using a systematic and blinded method for resolving disagreements. From 1929 references, 34 unique studies (281,280 unique participants) have sufficient data. Client reminder (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.23–1.63; P < 0.001), provider reminder (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.11–1.75; P = 0.005), provider education (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05–1.34; P = 0.007), and client education plus reminder interventions (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04–1.59; P = 0.007) increase HVU, whereas client education interventions do not (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.92–1.28; P = 0.35). Digital intervention effectiveness varies based on participants’ gender and the digital platform used. Interventions targeting male or mixed-gender participants demonstrate greater benefit, and reminder platforms (SMS, preference reminders, or electronic health record alerts) are more effective in increasing HVU. Digital interventions, particularly client and provider reminders, along with provider education, prove significantly more effective than client education alone. Incorporating digital interventions into healthcare systems can effectively promote HPV vaccination uptake. Reminder interventions should be prioritized for promoting HVU.
Socio-political and ecological fragility of threatened, free-ranging African lion populations
Authors: Nicholson Samantha K. , Dickman Amy , Hinks Amy , Riggio Jason , Bauer Hans , Loveridge Andrew , Becker Matthew , Begg Colleen , Bhalla Shivani , Burnham Dawn , Cotterill Alayne , Dolrenry Stephanie , Dröge Egil , Funston Paul , Hazzah Leela , Ikanda Dennis , Gebresenbet Fikirte , Henschel Philipp , Mandisodza-Chikerema Roseline L. , Mbizah Moreangels , Hunter Luke , Jacobsen Kim , Lindsey Peter , Maputla Nakedi , Macdonald Ewan , Macdonald David W. , Duff Resson Kantai , Packer Craig , Sillero-Zubiri Claudio , Mudumba Tutilo , Strampelli Paolo , Sogbohossou Etotépé A. , Tyrrell Peter , Jacobson Andrew P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLions are one of the world’s most iconic species but are threatened with extinction. Developing effective range-wide conservation plans are crucial but hampered by the relative lack of knowledge on specific threats facing each population and the socio-political context for conservation. Here, we present a range-wide examination of the relative fragility of lion populations, examining socio-political factors alongside ecological ones. We found Ethiopia’s Maze National Park had the most ecologically fragile geographic population while Kavango-Zambezi was the least. At a country level, lion populations had highest ecological fragility in Cameroon and Malawi. When we examined socio-political fragility, Somalia was the most fragile lion range country, followed by South Sudan. When socio-political and ecological fragility were combined, lion populations in Maze National Park and Bush-Bush (Somalia) and more broadly, Somalian and Malawian lion populations were the most fragile. These insights should help inform more nuanced and appropriately targeted lion conservation plans.
Subtle structural engineering of a coordination polymer host for the fluorescence modulation of host–guest donor–acceptor systems
Authors: Nie Hong-Xiang , Zhang Bo , Liu Yi-Ming , Yu Mei-Hui , Chang Ze 
Published: August 2023

A novel series of host-guest donor-acceptor (D-A) coordination polymer (CP) materials have been fabricated by subtle structural engineering, which presented multifarious emission properties and illustrated the great potential in achieving fluorescence modulation.
The MUSE-Faint survey
Authors: Vaz Daniel , Brinchmann Jarle , Zoutendijk Sebastiaan L. , Boogaard Leindert A. , Kamann Sebastian , Read Justin I. , Roth Martin M. , Weilbacher Peter M. , Steinmetz Matthias 
Published: August 2023

Context. Leo T (MV = −8.0) is a peculiar dwarf galaxy that stands out for being both the faintest and the least massive galaxy known to contain neutral gas and to display signs of recent star formation. It is also extremely dark-matter dominated. As a result, Leo T presents an invaluable opportunity to study the processes of gas and star formation at the limit where galaxies are found to have rejuvenating episodes of star formation.
Aims. Our approach to studying Leo T involves analysing photometry and stellar spectra to identify member stars and gather information about their properties, such as line-of-sight velocities, stellar metallicities, and ages. By examining these characteristics, we aim to better understand the overall dynamics and stellar content of the galaxy and to compare the properties of its young and old stars.
Methods. Our study of Leo T relies on data from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the Very Large Telescope, which we use to identify 58 member stars of the galaxy. In addition, we supplement this information with spectroscopic data from the literature to bring the total number of member stars analysed to 75. To further our analysis, we complement these data with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry. With these combined datasets, we delve deeper into the galaxy’s stellar content and uncover new insights into its properties.
Results. Our analysis reveals two distinct populations of stars in Leo T. The first population, with an age of ≲500 Myr, includes three emission-line Be stars comprising 15% of the total number of young stars. The second population of stars is much older, with ages ranging from > 5 Gyr to as high as 10 Gyr. We combine MUSE data with literature data to obtain an overall velocity dispersion of σv = 7.07−1.12+1.29 km s−1 for Leo T. When we divide the sample of stars into young and old populations, we find that they have distinct kinematics. Specifically, the young population has a velocity dispersion of 2.31−1.65+2.68 km s−1, contrasting with that of the old population, of 8.14−1.38+1.66 km s−1. The fact that the kinematics of the cold neutral gas is in good agreement with the kinematics of the young population suggests that the recent star formation in Leo T is linked with the cold neutral gas. We assess the existence of extended emission-line regions and find none to a surface brightness limit of < 1 × 10−20 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2 which corresponds to an upper limit on star formation of ∼10−11 M⊙ yr−1 pc−2, implying that the star formation in Leo T has ended.
Nebular spectra from Type Ia supernova explosion models compared to JWST observations of SN 2021aefx
Authors: Blondin S. , Dessart L. , Hillier D. J. , Ramsbottom C. A. , Storey P. J. 
Published: August 2023

Context.Recent JWST observations of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2021aefx in the nebular phase have paved the way for late-time studies covering the full optical to mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength range, and with it the hope to better constrain SN Ia explosion mechanisms.Aims.We investigate whether public SN Ia models covering a broad range of progenitor scenarios and explosion mechanisms (Chandrasekhar-mass, orMCh, delayed detonations, pulsationally assisted gravitationally confined detonations, sub-MChdouble detonations, and violent mergers) can reproduce the full optical-MIR spectrum of SN 2021aefx at ∼270 days post explosion.Methods.We consider spherically averaged 3D models available from the Heidelberg Supernova Model Archive with a56Ni yield in the range 0.5–0.8M⊙. We performed 1D steady-state non-local thermodynamic equilibrium simulations with the radiative-transfer code CMFGEN, and compared the predicted spectra to SN 2021aefx.Results.The models can explain the main features of SN 2021aefx over the full wavelength range. However, no single model, or mechanism, emerges as a preferred match, and the predicted spectra are similar to each other despite the very different explosion mechanisms. We discuss possible causes for the mismatch of the models, including ejecta asymmetries and ionisation effects. Our new calculations of the collisional strengths for Ni IIIhave a major impact on the two prominent lines at 7.35 μm and 11.00 μm, and highlight the need for more accurate collisional data for forbidden transitions. Using updated atomic data, we identify a strong feature due to [Ca IV] 3.21 μm, attributed to [Ni I] in previous studies. We also provide a tentative identification of a forbidden line due to [Ne II] 12.81 μm, whose peaked profile indicates the presence of neon all the way to the innermost region of the ejecta, as predicted for instance in violent merger models. Contrary to previous claims, we show that the [Ar III] 8.99 μm line can be broader in sub-MChmodels compared to near-MChmodels. Last, the total luminosity in lines of Ni is found to correlate strongly with the stable nickel yield, although ionisation effects can bias the inferred abundance.Conclusions.Our models suggest that key physical ingredients are missing from either the explosion models, or the radiative-transfer post-processing, or both. Nonetheless, they also show the potential of the near- and MIR to uncover new spectroscopic diagnostics of SN Ia explosion mechanisms.
Does Lidocaine Shorten Seizure Duration in Electroconvulsive
Therapy?
Authors: López-Ilundain Jose , Prados Alejandro Ballesteros , Enriquez Ángela S. Rosero , Enguita-Germán Mónica , Rosquil Estefania Uriarte , Gil Jose López , Fábrega Ana Marmol , Martinez de Zabarte Moraza Estitxu , Maughan Alex R. , Yoldi-Murillo Javier 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective short-term
treatment for schizophrenia and depression, amongst other disorders. Lidocaine
is typically added to reduce pain from intravenous propofol injection. However,
depending on the dose used in the ECT setting, it can shorten seizure duration.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lidocaine dose on seizure
duration.
Methods This retrospective, naturalistic cohort study included 169
patients treated with ECT. We examined 4714 ECT sessions with propofol or
propofol plus lidocaine. Ictal quality was manually rated by visual inspection.
The main outcome of this study was the relation of lidocaine with seizure
duration after controlling for socio-demographic, ECT, and other anesthetic
variables.
Results There was a significant negative association between lidocaine
usage and seizure duration. Multivariate analyses showed that seizure duration
was shortened by an average of 3.21 s in sessions with lidocaine.
Moreover, in this subgroup, there was a significant negative dose-dependent
association between lidocaine dose and seizure length. Complementarily, a
significant positive association between preictal BIS and seizure length was
found in the subgroup of sessions where preictal was used.
Conclusions We provide additional evidence highlighting the importance of
caution regarding lidocaine dosing due to the effect on seizure length in the
ECT setting. It is advisable for clinicians to exercise caution when
administering lidocaine regarding its dosing and seizure length in ECT settings.
Future investigation is needed to assess causal relationships by studying
certain vulnerable groups or employing other charge calculation techniques, such
as the titration method.
Beyond relational work: a psycho-pragmatic analysis of impoliteness in Shakespeare’s King Lear
Authors: Khafaga Ayman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper offers a psycho-pragmatic analysis of impoliteness in Shakespeare’s King Lear at the intradiegetic level of communication. The paper’s main objective is to explore the extent to which impoliteness assessment is influenced by both the psychological traits of interlocutors motivated by their reality paradigms and the fictional participation of discourse participants, which targets a deeper understanding of the association between impoliteness, psychological dimensions of personality, and fictional participation in drama dialogue. The study is based on an eclectic framework by drawing inspiration from contributions in the field of impoliteness and relational work studies, with a special emphasis on Locher and Jucker’s (2021) list of the factors influencing relational work, together with reference to studies on the relationship between psychological dimensions of personality and language use, with a focus on Archer’s (2002) concept of reality paradigms. The paper has two main findings: first, psychological traits of interlocutors contribute significantly to the production, reception, and assessment of impoliteness and serve as antecedents of their verbal aggression; and, second, psychological impoliteness operates within a specific community of practice and has its own context-specific expectation frames.
Use of sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy equipped with a 1.7-mm cryogenically cooled micro-coil probe in identifying human sperm intracellular metabolites
Authors: Cheredath Aswathi , Uppangala Shubhashree , Jijo Ameya , Lakshmi R. Vani , Gowda G. A. Nagana , Kalthur Guruprasad , Adiga Satish Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Context The clinical value of human sperm metabolites has not been established due to the technical complexity in detecting these metabolites when sperm numbers are low. Aims To detect endogenous intracellular metabolites in fresh and post-thaw human spermatozoa using 800 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy equipped with a 1.7-mm cryo-probe. Methods Processed spermatozoa from 25 normozoospermic ejaculates were subjected to extraction of intracellular metabolites and then profiled by sensitivity-enhanced NMR spectroscopy equipped with a 1.7-mm cryogenically cooled micro-coil probe. In parallel, some of the processed sperm fractions were subjected to freeze-thawing and were then analysed for intracellular metabolites. Key results Twenty-three metabolites were profiled from only 1.25 million sperm cells. Comparison of the metabolomic signature of pre-freeze and post-thaw sperm cells did not show significant changes in the levels of metabolites. Conclusions Sensitivity-enhanced NMR spectroscopy equipped with a 1.7-mm cryogenically cooled micro-coil probe is a potential tool for identifying intracellular metabolites when sperm number is low. Implications Use of sensitivity-enhanced NMR spectroscopy opens up the opportunity to test for endogenous metabolites in samples with a limited number of spermatozoa, to understand the patho-physiology of infertility.
Noise cancellation in distributed feedback laser based interrogation system for twin grating accelerometer
Authors: Basumallick Nandini , Mitra Rajarshi , Chattopadhyay Somadrita , Kumar Dipten , Biswas Palas , Bandyopadhyay Somnath 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a noise cancellation method for suppressing laser frequency noise in distributed feedback laser based system for interrogating a twin fiber Bragg grating based accelerometer. A simple method has been developed by studying the noise characteristics of the sensing photodiode and the reference photodiode, used in standard intensity based wavelength demodulation system. Proposed method could be able to reduce deterministic noise components to about 20% of the original noise components without using any complex feedback mechanism to stabilize the laser.
Non-similar approach on the MHD Carreau nanofluid flow with quadratic radiation and Soret-Dufour effects
Authors: Tak Priya , Poonia Hemant , Areekara Sujesh , Sabu A S , Mathew Alphonsa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the influence of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Carreau nanofluid flow past a stretching cylinder with quadratic Rosseland heat radiation. This paper examines the consequences of the Soret-Dufour effects when considering the influence of thermophoresis and Brownian effects. The convective and diffusive boundary conditions have been implemented. The modeled mathematical system of non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) is transformed into a dimensionless representation using a non-similar approach. The ensuing set of dimensionless equations are solved numerically with local non-similarity method (LNM) aided by the finite difference algorithm. The findings of the study unveil that the presence of the Dufour and Soret effect declines the heat transfer and mass transfer rates, respectively. It is also noted that flow profiles are more profound in the case of stretching cylinder configuration. Per unit increase in the hydrodynamic slip parameter augments the drag coefficient by 35.87% and 33.40% for cylinder and sheet configurations, respectively. The present study has potential applications in biomedicine, such as targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, theranostics and cardiovascular treatments.