bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Quality of Life of Elderly among those Living with Families and in Old Age Homes in a District in South India
Authors: Vignesh Nawin Jai , George Neethu , Hemadharshini S. , Sriranganathan T 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
The elderly population in India is steadily increasing and it is expected to triple in 2050 as of the census 2011. Drastic improvements in health care made betterment in physical health but their subjective well-being remains unaccounted. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the quality of life (QoL) among elderly and to compare the differences in QoL among elderly population residing in homes and in old age homes.

Methodology:
An analytical cross-sectional study among elderly above the age of 60 years residing with families and other 40 elderly population residing in old age homes. A questionnaire-based interview was conducted using a standard semistructured World Health Organization-BREF QoL questionnaire.

Results:
In the study, most of the participants 45 (56.3%) were male and 35 (43.8%) belonged to the age group of 70–79 years with a mean (standard deviation) age of 73.96 (7.44) years. The study found that there is nil significant difference in QoL among elderly living in old age homes and in family setups. The domain scores of psychological, social, and environmental domains showed a slight nonsignificant increase in elderly among old age homes.

Conclusion:
The study showed nil significant difference in QoL score in all domains for the elderly. The concept of QoL needs to be looked into with more preference to psychological, social, and environmental domains.
Leptin as a Predictor of Delirium in Geriatric Inpatients
Authors: Ajmera Yamini , Chakrawarty Avinash , Anwar Masroor , Khan Maroof Ahmad , Chatterjee Prasun , Dey Sharmistha 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Delirium is a complex, reversible neuropsychiatric disorder that frequently occurs in the geriatric age group in acute care settings with multifactorial etiology and numerous knowledge gaps in the pathogenesis.

Objective:
This study aimed to establish an association between leptin levels and delirium in patients aged 60 years and above admitted under the geriatric medicine department of a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted in consecutively admitted patients to the geriatric ward. Patients were assessed for delirium within 24 h of admission and daily thereafter until they were discharged from the hospital or died using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) or CAM-intensive care unit with subsequent division into delirium and nondelirium groups. Serum leptin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
Two hundred patients were recruited in the study. The mean age of participants was found to be 73.1 ± 8.8 years. Prevalence rates of delirium at the time of admission and incidence rates during hospital stay were found to be 20% and 5%, respectively. The occurrence of delirium was also found to be significantly associated with mortality (32.5% vs. 8.7%, P = 0.001). Serum leptin levels were found to be significantly lower in patients with delirium (2.58 ± 1.01 ng/mL vs. 10.72 ± 1.46 ng/mL, P = 0.03). Multivariable regression analysis revealed delirium to significantly correlate positively with age (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.63 (1.07–2.47), P = 0.021) and negatively with leptin levels (OR: 0.94 (0.90–0.99), P = 0.018).

Conclusion:
Delirium is a frequently occurring condition in hospitalized older adults with high mortality rates. Leptin might serve as a potential predictor of delirium owing to its probable role in the pathophysiological processes of delirium.
Caregiving for Elderly Population
Authors: Premanandh K. , Rajalakshmi M. , Mohan Reenaa 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Caregiving for elderly individuals is an emerging health issue that affects the quality of life of caregivers. The objective of this study was to explore the difficulties faced by caregivers in providing care to the elderly population.

Methodology:
This study was conducted using an explanatory mixed-method study design, in which a quantitative component (cross-sectional study) was followed by a qualitative component (in-depth interview). A total of 101 caregivers of the elderly population (with moderate disability level and above) were screened for personal stress using a perceived stress scale. Following quantitative data collection, an in-depth interview was conducted among caregivers selected by purposive sampling using an interview guide to explore the issues faced by caregivers.

Results:
A total of 384 individuals aged 60 years and above were screened for the level of disability. A total of 101 caregivers who were providing supportive care to elderly people with moderate and severe levels of disability were screened for stress using a perceived stress scale. Around 54% of the caregivers reported high perceived stress and 28% of the caregivers reported moderate stress. In-depth interviews using purposive sampling identified the following themes for caregivers of elderly individuals: frustration about providing continuous care, dealing with personal health problems, feeling anger, and isolation and financial stress.

Conclusions:
The need for caregiving for the older population is increasing. A significant amount of stress has been reported among caregivers. Frustration about providing continuous care, dealing with personal health problems, and feeling isolation and financial stress were the common challenges reported by the caregivers.
Depression in the Elderly
Authors: Bagga Rupali Verma , Prashant Anamika 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Depression in elderly population is a serious public health concern but is often undetected and ignored as a medical problem, leading to poor quality of life.

Aim and Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and degree of depression among the elderly population using a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) Short Form and to study some correlates associated with depression in them.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 100 elderly subjects using systematic random sampling technique. After getting informed consent, information was collected using GDS-15 Marathi version.

Results:
Of 100 respondents interviewed, 52 were 70 years and above and 54 were male. The prevalence of depression among the elderly was 84.0%. Sixteen (8 males and 8 females) were suffering from severe depression. Age, sex, death of spouse, education, occupation, and morbidity status were found to be significantly associated with depression.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of depression among the urban elderly was very high. By identifying risk factors for depression among the elderly population and screening them on time, we can go a long way in adding life to their years instead of years to life of the elderly.
One-Step Method in Creation of Artificial Ascites
Authors: Chou Tienshin , Yen Cho-Li , Chen Li-Wei , Chien Cheng-Hung 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The study aims to improve the success rate and the rapidity in creating artificial ascites before starting the treatment for subcapsular hepatocellular carcinomas.

Methods:
Two hundred and forty-six consecutive hepatocellular carcinoma patients who required the instillation of artificial ascites for better visualization or prevention from organ injury were recruited between November 2011 and September 2017. Initially, 95 patients were using the Seldinger technique, while the remaining 151 patients were using the one-step method. The proportions of patients who had undergone surgery, transarterial chemoembolization, or radiofrequency ablation therapy before performing artificial ascites infusion were 11.6% (11/95), 3% (3/95), and 37% (35/95) in the Seldinger group, and 15.9% (24/151), 15.2% (23/151), and 52.3% (79/151), respectively, in the one-step group.

Results:
The complete success rate, partial success rate, and failure rate in creating artificial ascites using the Seldinger technique and the one-step method were 76.8% (73/95), 11.6% (11/95), 11.6% (11/95) and 88.1% (133/151), 7.9% (12/151), 4% (6/151), respectively. The complete success rate was significantly higher in the one-step method group (P < 0.05) than that of the Seldinger group. The mean time required from starting the procedure to successful intraperitoneal instillation of glucose water was 145.79 ± 133.37 s in the one-step method, which was statistically shorter than that of 238.68 ± 95.58 s in the Seldinger group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The one-step method has a higher success rate than the Seldinger method in creating artificial ascites and is faster, especially in treatment-experienced patients.
Correlation between Transabdominal Sonographic Prostate Volume and Anthropometric Parameters
Authors: Udo Chibueze Okorie , Robinson Ebbi Donald , Ijeruh Olukunmi Yetunde , Chukwuemeka Nelson 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Prostate diseases commonly present with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) resulting from prostatic enlargement. Prostate volume (PV) can be evaluated using transabdominal ultrasonography. Focus is currently on relative factors of prostatic enlargement which includes obesity and central adiposity. The aim of this study is to correlate transabdominal sonographic PV and anthropometric parameters in patients with LUTS in Port Harcourt.

Methods:
This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out at the Radiology Department, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, between September 2020 and January 2021. One hundred and twenty (120) males from 40 years and above who presented with LUTS were recruited. Transabdominal PV estimation was done and body mass index (BMI) as well as WC was assessed. Data were analyzed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences; appropriate statistical tests were applied and P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The mean PV was 69.8 ± 63.5 cm3, 79.2% of the subjects had enlarged prostate with volume ≥30 cm3. PV was found to increase with age. The correlation between PV and anthropometric measures of obesity (BMI and WC) was statistically not significant.

Conclusion:
The work established that there is no correlation between PV and anthropometric measures of obesity – BMI and WC in negro population as opposed to nonblack population where there is correlation. Obesity may not be a considerable risk factor of prostatic enlargement in the studied population. Thus, anthropometrics may not be useful in predicting prostate size.
Presence of Color Transition in Biopsy Specimens Predicts Outcome of Liver Lesion Biopsies
Authors: Gittinger Fleur Sophie , Wetterich Laura , Michl Patrick , Ripoll A. Cristina 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the presence of tissue transition in liver lesion biopsies to predict a successful outcome, as observed by modified macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE).

Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of 264 ultrasound-guided liver lesion biopsies, examining the influence the presence of tissue transition (visible color changes in biopsy specimens as evaluated visually) has on two endpoints (1) material retrieval, (2) attaining a definitive diagnosis) representing successful liver lesion biopsies, compared to previously evaluated variables in this context. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0.

Results:
Material retrieval and a definitive diagnosis occurred in 224/264 (84.8%) and 217/264 (82.2%) cases, the latter occurring more often when visual inspection revealed macroscopic tissue transition (92/96 [95.8%]) than when not (124/165 [75.2%]), P < 0.001. Tissue transition in biopsies was more common in secondary (74/162 [45.7%]) than (18/54 [33.3%]) primary liver lesions, though this was not significant (P = 0.112). On multivariate analysis, tissue transition in biopsies was an independent predictor of a definitive diagnosis and material retrieval.

Conclusion:
In liver lesion biopsies, MOSE of color transition in biopsies can indicate success. This is easily incorporated into clinical practice and can help overcome the lack of an on-site pathologist.
Prognostic Value of Porta-Hepatis Lymphadenopathy in Children with Hepatitis A
Authors: Mashhadi Amin , Khalili Manijeh , Moghaddam Alireza Ansari , Zadehmir Mohadeseh 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of porta-hepatis lymphadenopathy (PHL) in children with hepatitis A virus.

Methods:
The present prospective cohort study included 123 pediatric patients with a definite diagnosis of hepatitis A who were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of PHL in their abdominal ultrasound: Group A included the patients with a porta-hepatis lymph node of >6 mm in diameter, whereas the patients with a porta-hepatis lymph node of <6 mm in diameter were classified in Group B. The patients were also classified based on the presence or absence of para-aortic lymphadenopathy: Group C had bisecting para-aortic lymph nodes, whereas Group D did not have such findings in their ultrasound. Afterward, the groups were compared in laboratory investigation results and hospital stay.

Results:
According to our results, Group A (n = 57) was significantly higher in aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels compared to Group B (P < 0.05), whereas these two groups were not significantly different in the hospital stay. Furthermore, except bilirubin, all laboratory test results were significantly higher in Group C (n = 3) than in Group D. However, there was no significant correlation between the patients' prognosis with the absence or presence of porta-hepatis or para-aortic lymphadenopathy.

Conclusion:
We concluded that there was no significant relationship between porta-hepatis or para-aortic lymphadenopathy and the prognosis of the children with hepatitis A. However, ultrasound findings can help determine the disease severity in pediatric patients with hepatitis A.
Frequency of Occurrence of Odontogenic Lesions of the Jaws in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Saheeb Birch D. , Edetanlen Ekaniyere B. , Egbor Esezobor P. 
Published: December 2022

Aims:
This study aims to determine the frequency of occurrence of odontogenic lesions and compare the prevalence of odontogenic tumors and odontogenic cysts, according to age, gender, origin, malignancy, and recurrence rate among patients diagnosed with odontogenic lesions in a Nigerian teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that examined all the records of the patients diagnosed histologically with jaw lesions at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University of Benin, for a period of 9 years from 2013 to 2021. The information recorded were age, gender, type of jaw, cell of origin of lesion, type of lesion, histopathological diagnosis, and the number of malignant and recurrent lesions. All data were analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS), version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The level of significance adopted was less than 0.05.

Results:
Of the 513 patients whose data were analyzed, 210 had odontogenic lesions giving a prevalence of 40.9%. The age range was 7–78 years with a mean age of 35.2 ± 15.0 years. More than half of the patients were less than 45 years old. The ratio of males to females was 1.3: 1. The prevalence of odontogenic tumors and cysts was 86.2% and 13.8%, respectively. More than half (52.4%) of the odontogenic lesions were ameloblastoma followed by ameloblastic carcinoma (8.60%), dentigerous cyst (4.80%), and calcifying odontogenic tumor being the least common (1.00%). Only 18.6% of the odontogenic lesions were malignant. There was a recurrence of 24.3% in the odontogenic lesions. The ratio of malignancy was 3.1: 1 in the odontogenic cysts and 4:1 in the odontogenic tumors, but these trends were not significant. The prevalence of recurrence of odontogenic tumors and cysts was 25.4% and 17.2%, respectively, but this finding was not significant (P = 0.31).

Conclusion:
There was a relatively high frequency of odontogenic lesions of 40.9% in our environment. The frequency of occurrence of odontogenic tumors was 86.2%, whereas that of odontogenic cysts was 13.8%.
A spectrum of viral diseases in Odisha state, eastern India: An evidence-based analysis from 2010–2017
Authors: Sabat J , Subhadra S , Ho LM , Dwibedi B 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases are a major threat to public health. Odisha, being one of the coastal states in the country, reports many viral illnesses due to its typical geographical location. This study focuses on the prevalence of different viral diseases in the state of Odisha, India, from 2010–2017.

Material and Methods:
A total of 43,397 patients with clinical suspicion of viral diseases were screened for different viral etiologies during 2010–2017. The laboratory diagnosis was conducted by serology (ELISA) and RT-PCR for 24 different viruses, i.e., dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, rotavirus, herpes simplex virus-1 and herpes simplex virus-2, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and respiratory viruses. Patients were enrolled from sporadic hospital admissions and outbreaks under different categories as per clinical diagnoses like fever with rash, diarrhoea, encephalitis, jaundice, respiratory illness, and fever of unknown etiology.

Results:
The majority of patients belonged to exanthematous group, i.e., fever with rash (32.24%). The number of males was more in all categories except fever with rash, where females (53.34%) were more. Children <16 years of age were found to be the predominant age group for suspected viral diarrhoea (85.26%), encephalitis (76.96%), fever of unknown origin (40.16%), and respiratory infections (27.23%).

Conclusion:
Not only vector-borne diseases pose a threat to the Odisha state, but other viral illnesses have also emerged. This detailed report of different viral diseases in the state of Odisha will support public health management.
Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety and their Associated Factors among Ministry of Health Programs Residents from Different Specialties in Abha City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsaleem Mohammed Abadi , Wasili Fahad Mousa Jawman , Alsaleem Safar Abadi 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Identifying the magnitude and the determinants of stress-related disorders will help to improve the work environment besides minimizing its drawback on residents' medical care performance.

Aim:
This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their associated factors among Ministry of Health (MOH) programs residents.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional survey targeted all MOH residents from different specialties in Abha city. The questionnaire included resident's sociodemographic information, specialty, duration, seniority, workload, shifts, and number of cared patients per shift. Resident's depression was assessed using Depression Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and anxiety was assessed using the anxiety Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results:
A total of 370 residents were included. Residents' age ranged from 20 to 35 years, with a mean age of 27.6 ± 6.7 years. Nearly 61.1% of residents were males and 58.6% were married. About 66.2% of the residents were normal (no depression), while 15.1% experienced minimal depression, 13% had mild depression, and 4.3% had severe depression. Considering anxiety, 85.9% of the residents showed no/minimal anxiety levels, while 7.8% had mild, 4.9% had moderate, and 1.4% showed severe anxiety levels.

Conclusions:
The study showed that psychological health, including depression and anxiety, was satisfactory among the study residents, where the majority of them were free of both issues. Further nationwide studies are required to assess additional factors such as work environment and autonomy.
Identification and Analysis of Dental Education Quality in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Othman Badr Majed , Alharbi Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: December 2022

Objectives:
Saudization can be defined as recruiting and hiring Saudis in both the governmental and private sectors. This process is being introduced by the Ministry of Labor to reduce the number of unemployed. Lowering the unemployment rate from 11.6% to 7% is one of the new vision goals to be reached by 2030. The SERVQUAL model is used to assess customer perceptions of service quality in service and retail organizations through five dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. This study aims to measure the effect of these quality dimensions on students' willingness to be and satisfaction being educated by Saudi faculty in dental colleges. The focus of this research is to determine which quality dimensions most affect students while being educated by Saudi faculty in dental colleges. The contribution of this research will help future research to develop strategic operational objectives to enhance education quality.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was performed. A total of 432 participants (198 male students and 234 female students) were included in the study. An electronic questionnaire with a scale from 0 to 5 using the SERVQUAL model was formulated.

Results:
The results were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS, version 21, Chicago, Illinois, USA). The weighted scale was 4.01, 4.12, 4.03, 3.25, and 3.78 for reliability, assurance, accountability, empathy, and education quality of Saudi faculty, respectively. Furthermore, the weighted scale was 3.7 and 3.71 for students' satisfaction and student willingness to attend future lectures, respectively.

Conclusion:
Students had high agreement with the reliability, accountability, and education quality of Saudi dental faculty. However, the assurance dimension showed significant side effects on student willingness to attend future lectures. On the other hand, the empathy dimension showed significant side effects on participants' perception of satisfaction and student willingness to attend future lectures.