bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interview study to explore applied psychologists' experiences of implementing health psychology in global health partnerships: The Change Exchange
Authors: Turner Rebecca R. , Epuru Reddy Shreya , Byrne‐Davis Lucie M. T. , Bull Eleanor R. , Hart Jo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionHealth partnerships in global health aim to build capacity by strengthening training and education. Health psychology has an important role to play, as traditionally health partnerships focus upon increasing capability such as increasing knowledge but do not tackle opportunity and motivation. The Change Exchange recruits applied psychologist volunteers to utilize health psychology in global health partnerships, which is a novel approach. This study aimed to understand the experiences of applied psychologist volunteers working in health partnerships and how such interventions were implemented.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were carried out. Interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis to explore the translation and implementation of health psychology in health partnerships. A deductive approach was then taken using the higher level constructs of the Normalization Process Theory to inform and interpret the themes into recommendations.ResultsFifteen applied psychologists, all of whom were from the UK and had volunteered in health partnerships between the UK and low‐ to middle‐income countries participated. Key themes and sub‐themes were identified: (1) The challenges of the application of behavioural science within the health partnerships, (2) Building relationships within the health partnership, (3) Exploring the communal and individual effort carried out within the health partnership and (4) Reflecting on the work carried out within the health partnership.DiscussionBarriers exist in regards to the implementation of health psychology in health partnerships but capacity building is possible. Recommendations suggest, future work should establish clear roles for applied psychologists in health partnerships and critical evaluation of current psychological models, methods and measures for use outside of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic societies.
Preparing children to cope with earthquakes: Building emotional competence
Authors: Raccanello Daniela , Vicentini Giada , Rocca Emmanuela , Hall Rob , Burro Roberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNatural disasters, including earthquakes, can have a traumatic impact on children's psychological wellbeing and development. The efficacy of interventions aimed at enhancing children's socio‐emotional learning has been documented in the literature. At the same time, these techniques are the key for training children for possible future disasters by enhancing their knowledge about behavioural preparedness and emotional competence. However, research on evidence‐based training programs on earthquakes combining digital and traditional activities is scarce. We tested the efficacy of a 10‐unit training program for primary school children, developed within the Emotional Prevention and Earthquakes in Primary School (PrEmT) project. The program aimed at increasing knowledge of and metacognition about earthquakes, safety behaviours, emotions, and coping strategies, through digital (using the web‐application HEMOT®, Helmet for EMOTions, developed ad‐hoc) and traditional activities (completing paper‐and‐pencil tasks). The participants were 548 second and fourth‐graders from Italian schools. They were divided into an experimental group (participating in the training program) and a control group. Both groups participated in pretests and posttests to evaluate changes in their knowledge of training‐related contents. For ethical reasons, we also measured children's wellbeing. Generalized linear mixed models indicated an improvement in the experimental group's knowledge and metacognition about earthquakes, safety behaviours, emotions, and coping strategies after the training program, compared to the control group. Children's general wellbeing did not deteriorate during participation in the project. The results documented the efficacy of the evidence‐based training program developed within the PrEmT project. The program provides a preventive method for enhancing earthquake‐related resilience that could be generalized to other kinds of disasters.
Preclinical biocompatibility and biosafety evaluation of a new foldable brown diaphragm intraocular lens: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Zhang Keke , Zhang Shaohua , He Wenwen , Lu Yi , Zhu Xiangjia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundA new foldable brown diaphragm intraocular lens (IOL) was preclinically evaluated in vitro and in vivo by comparing its biocompatibility and biosafety with those of a commercially available IOL.MethodsThe new foldable iris‐diaphragm IOL is composed of hydrophobic acrylic material, with a transparent optical zone and surrounding brown diaphragm. Cellular experiments evaluating lens epithelial cell morphology, adhesion, and migration were conducted to exclude cytotoxic effects. Twelve New Zealand rabbits underwent implantation of a brown diaphragm IOL in one eye, whilst an additional 12 had a commercially available foldable IOL implanted, followed by slit‐lamp evaluations of inflammatory reactions and capsular opacification. Corneal endothelial cells density was measured before and after implantation. Aqueous humour samples were obtained weekly for liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis to investigate dye leakage from the brown‐diaphragm IOL. Following 12 weeks of observation, haematoxylin and eosin staining of ocular tissue and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the IOL surface were performed.ResultsResults from in vivo experiments found no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of postoperative inflammation and capsular biocompatibility. No significant changes in corneal endothelial cell density were observed in either group before and after surgery. LC–MS/MS analysis showed that the target dye was not detected in aqueous humour samples. Histopathology of ocular sections and SEM imaging of IOL surfaces showed similar changes in both groups.ConclusionsThe newly invented IOL showed good biocompatibility and biosafety. Combined with its foldability and peripheral shading, it could be a new choice for patients with iris defects.
Factors supporting resilience during out‐of‐home care: Experiences of former child welfare clients in Finland
Authors: Kaittila Anniina , Alin Minna , Leinonen Leena , Kraav Siiri‐Liisi , Vornanen Riitta , Karukivi Max , Anis Merja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to identify factors supporting young people's resilience during out‐of‐home care (OOHC) in Finland, despite challenges in their lives. In our qualitative study, we applied a social‐ecological framework to understand the experiences and perspectives of young people on what helped them and the help they would have needed during OOHC. The findings indicate (1) individual characteristics and interests (positive attitude, understanding own acts and their consequences and meaningful activities), (2) relationships (good relationships with close ones, ability to meet and keep contact with close ones, good relationships with professionals and relationships between parents and professionals) and (3) institutions (place of OOHC, youth‐centered practices, needs‐based services and support for the family) all supported the resilience of young people in OOHC. Further, to receive support from a particular medium, such as professionals (relationship level), a young person must already have some self‐understanding (individual level) of things. Essentially, youth resilience is supported through all these levels as a process.
A preliminary review of the parenting assessment and skill development service: A 10‐day residential service for families at risk of child maltreatment
Authors: Fogarty Alison , Savopoulos Priscilla , Jones Andi , McMahon Grace , Evans Kirsty , O'Brien Jacquie , O'Dea Liz , Clout Peter , Giallo Rebecca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTweddle's Parenting Assessment and Skill Development Service (PASDS) is a 10‐day residential programme for families at risk of child maltreatment. The service aims to conduct a comprehensive parenting capacity assessment to inform case management and improve parenting practices. The aims of the study were to (1) describe the psychosocial functioning of parents taking part in PASDS, (2) describe the key parenting assessment outcomes, and (3) explore parents' experiences of participation in PASDS including (a) perceived barriers and enablers of participation and (b) perceived outcomes for their family. Participants were 18 parents who participated in Tweddle's PASDS in Melbourne, Australia. A mixed methods study comprising a case file review and qualitative interviews was conducted. Parents accessing PASDS had experienced adverse childhood events, and many were experiencing mental health difficulties. Interviews with parents revealed perceived benefits of PASDS in improving parenting knowledge and skills, family relationships, and parenting confidence. At the time of discharge, 33% of families were assessed as unable to provide independent care for their child. The current findings have important implications for the further evaluation of evidenced‐based services which can improve the accuracy of parenting capacity assessments, aiding in child protection decision‐making related to child placement and safety.
Young people's perspectives on assisted dying and its potential inclusion of minors
Authors: Liu Kevin , Siedlikowski Sophia , Mellett James , Carnevale Franco A. , Macdonald Mary Ellen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAssisted dying legislation is available to support adult deaths in multiple international jurisdictions. In Canada, a parliamentary committee has recommended extending Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) legislation to include ‘competent mature minors’. Even though such a policy change would affect young people, to date formal discussions about MAID for minors have excluded them. No empirical studies have elicited youth perspectives on including them in future legislation. This qualitative descriptive study uses focus groups to explore young people's perspectives on MAID and its potential extension to include minors using methodological and theoretical commitments to participatory research and children's agency. Our participants explored philosophical and medical dimensions of MAID, including pain and suffering, the choice to die, and how MAID enables a peaceful, controlled death. They unpacked the concept of maturity vis‐à‐vis age and a child/adult binary, using these reflections to posit safeguards for ensuring minors' MAID requests would be fairly evaluated. Finally, they explored relational dimensions of dying, paying particular attention to the impact of MAID on grievers. Our results illustrate that young people are capable and keen to contribute toward discussions and decisions about MAID. Our study supports the participation of young people in any extension of MAID, as well as in other high‐stakes matters that may affect them, challenging dominant assumptions that underestimate their capacities to do so.
Exosomes‐mediated crosstalk between glioma and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Guo Xu , Sui Rui , Piao Haozhe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors in the central nervous system. However, conventional treatments, such as surgical resection and postoperative combined chemo‐ and radio‐therapy, are ineffective in improving patients' long‐term survival. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of stromal cells, tumor components, and innate and acquired immune cells, and these cells, along with the extracellular matrix, regulate and communicate intercellularly to promote TME formation. The immune microenvironment plays a vital role in the development of glioma. Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles (EVs), facilitate intercellular communication and regulation within the TME. Tumor cells can release exosomes to transmit messages, induce macrophage polarization, and inhibit immune cell activity, ultimately promoting metastasis and immune evasion. Moreover, immune cells can regulate tumorigenesis and progression through exosomes. This review summarized the biological properties of exosomes and their effects on the tumor microenvironment and provides an overview of the interactions between glioma cells and immune cells.
Mendelian randomization study and meta‐analysis exploring the causality of age at menarche and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke
Authors: Zou Xuelun , Wang Leiyun , Wang Sai , Zhang Le 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between the age at menarche (AAM) and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke (IS) is still up for debate. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential causal connections between them.MethodsGenome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) of AAM conducted by the MRC‐IEU consortium was utilized for association analyses of ICH and IS by two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. AAM data of the within‐family GWAS consortium were used as replication phase data to verify the causal relationship between each other. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was the primary method used in this MR study. For additional proof, the weighted median estimation, MR‐Egger regression, MR‐PRESSO test, and MR‐Robust Adjusted Profile Score evaluation were performed. The Cochran's Q test and the MR‐PRESSO global test were used, respectively, to examine the sensitivity and pleiotropy. Random effects meta‐analysis was utilized to analyze the causal data from the two consortiums to further explore the causality between AAM and ICH, IS.ResultsWe found that the AAM was causally linked with the risk of ICH (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28–0.80, p = 0.006). On the contrary, the causal effect from AAM to IS (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.91–1.06, p = 0.64) has not been confirmed. For all subtypes of ICH, we found that nonlobar intracerebral hemorrhage (NLICH, OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23–0.75, p = 0.004) but not lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (LICH, OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.34–1.24, p = 0.19) was associated with AAM without surprise. Similarly, we used the within‐family GWAS consortium data to explore causality and found that AAM may reduce the risk of ICH (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.72–0.86, p = 9.5 × 10−8) and NLICH (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61–0.75, p = 3.4 × 10−13) by IVW methods, but is not related to IS (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.93–1.02, p = 0.26). These findings are further supported by the meta‐analysis. Both Cochran's Q test and the MR‐PRESSO global test failed to detect the presence of sensitivity.ConclusionAAM and ICH, particularly NLICH, are causally related, but not LICH, IS, or its subtypes in European population.
Does dialysis modality or duration influence outcomes in simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplant recipients? Single center experience and review of the literature
Authors: Coffman David , Jay Colleen L. , McCracken Emily , Sharda Berjesh , Garner Matthew , Webb Christopher , Farney Alan C , Orlando Giuseppe , Reeves‐Daniel Amber , Mena‐Gutierrez Alejandra , Sakhovskaya Natalia , Stratta Bobby , Stratta Robert J 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe influence of dialysis modality and duration on outcomes following simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplantation (SPKT) remains uncertain.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective review in 255 SPKT recipients according to dialysis modality (55 preemptive/no dialysis‐ND, 70 peritoneal dialysis–PD, 130 hemodialysis–HD) and duration (55 none, 137 < 2 years, 41 2‐4 years, 22 > 4 years).ResultsMean follow‐up was 9.4 years (median 9.2 years). Early (3‐month) relaparotomy rate (20% ND vs. 36% PD/HD, p = .03) was lower in ND patients. There were no differences in early graft loss, patient survival, overall or death‐censored kidney or pancreas graft survival rates (GSR) at 1 or 10 years follow‐up. When analyzing dialysis duration, there were no differences in rates of pancreas thrombosis or early pancreas graft loss. Kidney delayed graft function (DGF) was lower in the ND/short dialysis groups combined (1.0%), compared to the intermediate/long dialysis groups combined (9.5%, p = .003). Early relaparotomy rates were higher with longer duration of dialysis (p = .045 between ND and >4 years of dialysis). Patient survival in the long dialysis group was 50% compared to 69.5% in the other three groups combined (p = .09). However, both overall and death‐censored kidney and pancreas GSR were comparable.ConclusionsPreemptively transplanted patients had a lower incidence of kidney DGF and relaparotomy whereas patient survival was slightly lower with longer dialysis vintage prior to SPKT. Dialysis modality and duration did not influence either overall or death‐censored pancreas or kidney GSR in patients with short waiting times, low KDPI donor organs, and dialysis duration up to 4 years.
Preventing type 2 diabetes: A research agenda for behavioural science
Authors: French David P. , Ahern Amy L. , Greaves Colin J. , Hawkes Rhiannon E. , Higgs Suzanne , Pechey Rachel , Sniehotta Falko F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this narrative review was to identify important knowledge gaps in behavioural science relating to type 2 diabetes prevention, to inform future research in the field.MethodsSeven researchers who have published behaviour science research applied to type 2 diabetes prevention independently identified several important gaps in knowledge. They met to discuss these and to generate recommendations to advance research in behavioural science of type 2 diabetes prevention.ResultsA total of 21 overlapping recommendations for a research agenda were identified. These covered issues within the following broad categories: (a) evidencing the impact of whole population approaches to type 2 diabetes prevention, (b) understanding the utility of disease‐specific approaches to type 2 diabetes prevention such as Diabetes Prevention Programmes (DPPs) compared to generic weight loss programmes, (c) identifying how best to increase reach and engagement of DPPs, whilst avoiding exacerbating inequalities, (d) the need to understand mechanism of DPPs, (e) the need to understand how to increase maintenance of changes as part of or following DPPs, (f) the need to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of alternative approaches to the typical self‐regulation approaches that are most commonly used, and (g) the need to address emotional aspects of DPPs, to promote effectiveness and avoid harms.ConclusionsThere is a clear role for behavioural science in informing interventions to prevent people from developing type 2 diabetes, based on strong evidence of reach, effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness. This review identifies key priorities for research needed to improve existing interventions.
Efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treatment in refractory chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Yongsheng , Hu Jianian , Sun Chong , Zhao Chongbo , Lin Jie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeTreatment options for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. However, a substantial proportion of patients with CIDP remain refractory to treatment and develop severe functional disability. A systematic review and a meta‐analysis of the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treatment in refractory CIDP patients was performed.MethodsThe study is based on queries in the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Web of Science and clinicaltrials.gov databases on 4 December 2022. Articles that met our eligibility criteria were included after screening. Patients' characteristics, treatment regime and outcome measures were extracted.ResultsEighty‐nine patients in 11 studies were included. The pooled estimate of responsiveness amongst the four included studies was 87.04% (95% confidence interval 66.7%–99.5%) and the pooled estimate of freedom of all immune modulating or suppressive drugs was 80.75% (95% confidence interval 71.2%–90.2%).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis and systematic review suggested that HSCT can be effective in the treatment of refractory CIDP. Whilst there are risks involved, HSCT may be a beneficial and viable therapy for refractory CIDP when carefully evaluated.
Clinical spectrum and frequency of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease in Italy: Data from the National CMT Registry
Authors: Pisciotta Chiara , Bertini Alessandro , Tramacere Irene , Manganelli Fiore , Fabrizi Gian Maria , Schenone Angelo , Tozza Stefano , Cavallaro Tiziana , Taioli Federica , Ferrarini Moreno , Grandis Marina , Bellone Emilia , Mandich Paola , Previtali Stefano C. , Falzone Yuri , Allegri Isabella , Padua Luca , Pazzaglia Costanza , Quattrone Aldo , Valentino Paola , Gentile Luca , Russo Massimo , Calabrese Daniela , Moroni Isabella , Pagliano Emanuela , Saveri Paola , Magri Stefania , Baratta Silvia , Taroni Franco , Mazzeo Anna , Santoro Lucio , Vita Giuseppe , Pareyson Davide ,   for the Italian CMT Network
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeData are reported from the Italian CMT Registry.MethodsThe Italian CMT Registry is a dual registry where the patient registers and chooses a reference center where the attending clinician collects a minimal dataset of information and administers the Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) Examination/Neuropathy Score. Entered data are encrypted.ResultsOverall, 1012 patients had registered (535 females) and 711 had received a genetic diagnosis. Demyelinating CMT (65.3%) was more common than axonal CMT2 (24.6%) and intermediate CMT (9.0%). The PMP22 duplication was the most frequent mutation (45.2%), followed by variants in GJB1 and MPZ (both ~10%) and MFN2 (3.3%) genes. A relatively high mutation rate in some “rare” genes (HSPB1 1.6%, NEFL 1.5%, SH3TC2 1.5%) and the presence of multiple mutation clusters across Italy was observed. CMT4A was the most disabling type, followed by CMT4C and CMT1E. Disease progression rate differed depending on the CMT subtype. Foot deformities and walking difficulties were the main features. Shoe inserts and orthotic aids were used by almost one‐half of all patients. Scoliosis was present in 20% of patients, especially in CMT4C. Recessive forms had more frequently walking delay, walking support need and wheelchair use. Hip dysplasia occurred in early‐onset CMT.ConclusionsThe Italian CMT Registry has proven to be a powerful data source to collect information about epidemiology and genetic distribution, clinical features and disease progression of CMT in Italy and is a useful tool for recruiting patients in forthcoming clinical trials.