bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-entropy boosted CRO-SL for optimal power flow in smart grids
Authors: Marcelino C. G. , Pérez-Aracil J. , Wanner E. F. , Jiménez-Fernández S. , Leite G. M. C. , Salcedo-Sanz S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOptimal power flow (OPF) is a complex, highly nonlinear, NP-hard optimization problem, in which the goal is to determine the optimal operational parameters of a power-related system (in many cases a type of smart or micro grid) which guarantee an economic and effective power dispatch. In recent years, a number of approaches based on metaheuristics algorithms have been proposed to solve OPF problems. In this paper, we propose the use of the Cross-Entropy (CE) method as a first step depth search operator to assist population-based evolutionary methods in the framework of an OPF problem. Specifically, a new variant of the Coral Reefs Optimization with Substrate Layers algorithm boosted with CE method (CE+CRO-SL) is presented in this work. We have adopted the IEEE 57-Bus System as a test scenario which, by default, has seven thermal generators for power production for the grid. We have modified this system by replacing three thermal generators with renewable source generators, in order to consider a smart grid approach with renewable energy production. The performance of CE+CRO-SL in this particular case study scenario has been compared with that of well-known techniques such as population’s methods CMA-ES and EPSO (both boosted with CE). The results obtained indicate that CE+CRO-SL showed a superior performance than the alternative techniques in terms of efficiency and accuracy. This is justified by its greater exploration capacity, since it has internally operations coming from different heuristics, thus surpassing the performance of classic methods. Moreover, in a projection analysis, the CE+CRO-SL provides a profit of millions of dollars per month in all cases tested considering the modified version of the IEEE 57-Bus smart grid system.
Characterizing recurrent infections after one-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection of the knee: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bosco Francesco , Cacciola Giorgio , Giustra Fortunato , Risitano Salvatore , Capella Marcello , Vezza Daniele , Barberis Luca , Cavaliere Pietro , Massè Alessandro , Sabatini Luigi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee represents a severe complication after 1.5% to 2% of primary total knee replacement. Although two-stage revision was considered the gold-standard treatment for PJI of the knee, in the last decades, more studies reported the outcomes of one-stage revisions. This systematic review aims to assess reinfection rate, infection-free survival after reoperation for recurrent infection, and the microorganisms involved in both primary and recurrent infection.

Material and methods
A systematic review of all studies reporting the outcome of one-stage revision for PJI of the knee up to September 2022, according to PRISMA criteria and AMSTAR2 guidelines, was performed. Patient demographics, clinical, surgical, and postoperative data were recorded. PROSPERO ID: CRD42022362767.

Results
Eighteen studies with a total of 881 one-stage revisions for PJI of the knee were analyzed. A reinfection rate of 12.2% after an average follow-up of 57.6 months was reported. The most frequent causative microorganism were gram-positive bacteria (71.1%), gram-negative bacteria (7.1%), and polymicrobial infections (8%). The average postoperative knee society score was 81.5, and the average postoperative knee function score was 74.2. The infection-free survival after treatment for recurrent infection was 92.1%. The causative microorganisms at reinfections differed significantly from the primary infection (gram-positive 44.4%, gram-negative 11.1%).

Conclusion
Patients who underwent a one-stage revision for PJI of the knee showed a reinfection rate lower or comparable to other surgical treatments as two-stage or DAIR (debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention). Reoperation for reinfection demonstrates a lower success compared to one-stage revision. Moreover, microbiology differs between primary infection and recurrent infection.
Level of evidence Level IV.
Effectiveness of conservative instrumentation in root canal disinfection
Authors: Usta Sıla Nur , Solana Carmen , Ruiz-Linares Matilde , Baca Pilar , Ferrer-Luque Carmen María , Cabeo Monica , Arias-Moliz Maria Teresa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The impact of conservative instrumentation on the disinfection of root canals with different curvatures has not yet been determined. This ex vivo study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of conservative instrumentation with TruNatomy (TN) and Rotate and a conventional rotary system, ProTaper Gold (PTG), on root canal disinfection during chemomechanical preparation of straight and curved canals.

Materials and methods
Ninety mandibular molars with straight (n = 45) and curved (n = 45) mesiobuccal root canals were contaminated with polymicrobial clinical samples. Teeth were divided into three subgroups (n = 14) according to the file systems and the curvature. Canals were instrumented with TN, Rotate, and PTG, respectively. Sodium hypochlorite and EDTA were used as irrigants. Intracanal samples were taken before (S1) and after (S2) instrumentation. Six uninfected teeth were used as negative controls. The bacterial reduction between S1 and S2 was measured by ATP assay, flow cytometry, and culture methods. Kruskal–Wallis and ANOVA tests were followed by the Duncan post hoc test (p < 0.05).

Results
Bacterial reduction percentages were similar for the three file systems in straight canals (p > 0.05). However, PTG showed a lower reduction percentage of intact membrane cells in flow cytometry than TN and Rotate (p = 0.036). For the curved canals, no significant differences were obtained (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Conservative instrumentation of straight and curved canals using TN and Rotate files resulted in similar bacterial reduction compared to PTG.

Clinical relevance
The disinfection efficacy of conservative instrumentation is similar to conventional instrumentation in straight and curved root canals.
Composite grafts made of polycaprolactone fiber mats and oil-based calcium phosphate cement pastes for the reconstruction of cranial and maxillofacial defects
Authors: Fuchs Andreas , Bartolf-Kopp Michael , Böhm Hartmut , Straub Anton , Kübler Alexander C. , Linz Christian , Gbureck Uwe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Synthetic bone substitutes which can be adapted preoperatively and patient specific may be helpful in various bony defects in the field of oral- and maxillofacial surgery. For this purpose, composite grafts made of self-setting and oil-based calcium phosphate cement (CPC) pastes, which were reinforced with 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber mats were manufactured.

Materials and methods
Bone defect models were acquired using patient data from real defect situations of patients from our clinic. Using a mirror imaging technique, templates of the defect situation were fabricated via a commercially available 3D-printing system. The composite grafts were assembled layer by layer, aligned on top of these templates and fitted into the defect situation. Besides, PCL-reinforced CPC samples were evaluated regarding their structural and mechanical properties via X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 3-point-bending testing.

Results
The process sequence including data acquisition, template fabrication, and manufacturing of patient specific implants proved to be accurate and uncomplicated. The individual implants consisting mainly of hydroxyapatite and tetracalcium phosphate displayed good processability and a high precision of fit. The mechanical properties of the CPC cements in terms of maximum force and stress load to material fatigue were not negatively affected by the PCL fiber reinforcement, whereas clinical handling properties increased remarkably.

Conclusion
PCL fiber reinforcement of CPC cements enables the production of very freely modelable three-dimensional implants with adequate chemical and mechanical properties for bone replacement applications.

Clinical relevance
The complex bone morphology in the region of the facial skull often poses a great challenge for a sufficient reconstruction of bony defects. A full-fledged bone replacement here often requires the replication of filigree three-dimensional structures partly without support from the surrounding tissue. With regard to this problem, the combination of smooth 3D-printed fiber mats and oil-based CPC pastes represents a promising method for fabricating patient specific degradable implants for the treatment of various craniofacial bone defects.
Efficacy of cannabinoids in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders among children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Rice Lauren J. , Cannon Lisa , Dadlani Navin , Cheung Melissa Mei Yin , Einfeld Stewart L. , Efron Daryl , Dossetor David R. , Elliott Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA better understanding of the endocannabinoid system and a relaxation in regulatory control of cannabis globally has increased interest in the medicinal use of cannabinoid-based products (CBP). We provide a systematic review of the rationale and current clinical trial evidence for CBP in the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Trials was performed to identify articles published after 1980 about CBP for medical purposes in individuals aged 18 years or younger with selected neuropsychiatric or neurodevelopmental conditions. Risk of bias and quality of evidence was assessed for each article. Of 4466 articles screened, 18 were eligible for inclusion, addressing eight conditions (anxiety disorders (n = 1); autism spectrum disorder (n = 5); foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (n = 1); fragile X syndrome (n = 2); intellectual disability (n = 1); mood disorders (n = 2); post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 3); and Tourette syndrome (n = 3)). Only one randomised controlled trial (RCT) was identified. The remaining seventeen articles included one open-label trial, three uncontrolled before-and-after trials, two case series and 11 case reports, thus the risk of bias was high. Despite growing community and scientific interest, our systematic review identified limited and generally poor-quality evidence for the efficacy of CBP in neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. Large rigorous RCTs are required to inform clinical care. In the meantime, clinicians must balance patient expectations with the limited evidence available.
Import ban and clean air: estimating the effect of China’s waste import ban on ozone pollution
Authors: Li Jinsong , Takeuchi Kenji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the effects of the ban on imports of plastic waste on local air quality in China. Using city-level daily ozone concentrations, we examine whether the pollution levels differ after the implementation of the import ban. The results demonstrate that the daily ozone concentration was reduced by 2.8% in treatment areas after the import ban. Additional analyses also suggest that the effect of the ban was larger during the later period and in coastal cities with ports while the effect of the ban might get weak in the long run. These findings highlight the effectiveness of policies that reduce the availability of inputs for pollutive activities.
Meningitis-retention syndrome: a review and update of an unrecognized clinical condition
Authors: Pellegrino Francesco , Funiciello Elisa , Pruccoli Giulia , Silvestro Erika , Scolfaro Carlo , Mignone Federica , Tocchet Aba , Roasio Luca , Garazzino Silvia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
We summarized
the clinical and radiological characteristics of meningitis-retention syndrome (MRS), its therapeutic options, and urological outcome, to better understand the pathogenesis of this syndrome and to evaluate the effectiveness of corticosteroids in reducing the period of urinary retention.

Methods
We reported a new case of MRS in a male adolescent. We also reviewed the previously 28 reported cases of MRS, collected from inception up to September 2022.

Results
MRS is characterized by aseptic meningitis and urinary retention. The mean length of the interval between the onset of the neurological signs and the urinary retention was 6.4 days. In most cases, no pathogens were isolated in cerebrospinal fluid, except for 6 cases in which Herpesviruses were detected. The urodynamic study resulted in a detrusor underactivity, with a mean period for urination recovery of 4.5 weeks, regardless of therapies.

Discussion
Neurophysiological studies and electromyographic examination are not pathological, distinguishing MRS from polyneuropathies. Although there are no encephalitic symptoms or signs, and the magnetic resonance is often normal, MRS may represent a mild form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, without radiological detectable medullary involvement, due to the prompt use of steroids. It is believed that MRS is a self-limited disease, and no evidence suggests the effectiveness of steroids, antibiotics, and antiviral treatment in its clinical course.
Effect of femtosecond laser interaction with human fibroblasts: a preliminary study
Authors: Zaki Ewiss M. A. , Mahmoud M. A. , Steiner R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

In in vitro methods and cell culture models, femtosecond (fs) laser interaction has been employed to assess its effect on the proliferation and morphology of human skin fibroblasts. We cultured a primary human skin fibroblast cell line on a glass plate, passages 17–23. The cells were irradiated with a 90-fs laser at a wavelength of 800 nm and a repetition rate of 82 MHz. The target received an average power of 320 mW for 5, 20, and 100 s, corresponding to the radiation exposures of 22.6, 90.6, and 452.9 J/cm2, respectively. Using a laser scanning microscopy technique, the photon densities were measured to be 6.4 × 1018, 2.6 × 1019, and 1.3 × 1020 photons/cm2 in a spot area of 0.07 cm2; the recorded spectra were obtained from the laser interaction after 0.00, 1.00, 25.00, and 45.00 h. The cell count and morphological changes showed that the cultured cells were affected by laser irradiation under photon stress; some fibroblasts were killed, while others were injured and survived. We discovered evidence of the formation of several coenzyme compounds, such as flavin (500–600 nm), lipopigments (600–750 nm), and porphyrin (500–700 nm). This study is motivated by the future development of a novel, ultra-short fs laser system and the need to develop a basic in vitro understanding of photon–human cell interaction. The cell proliferation indicated that cells are partly killed or wounded. The exposure of fibroblasts to fs laser fluence up to 450 J/cm2 accelerates cell growth of the viable residual cell.
Curvature properties of 3-$$(\alpha ,\delta )$$-Sasaki manifolds
Authors: Agricola Ilka , Dileo Giulia , Stecker Leander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigate curvature properties of 3-$$(\alpha ,\delta )$$

(
α
,
δ
)

-Sasaki manifolds, a special class of almost 3-contact metric manifolds generalizing 3-Sasaki manifolds (corresponding to $$\alpha =\delta =1$$

α
=
δ
=
1

) that admit a canonical metric connection with skew torsion and define a Riemannian submersion over a quaternionic Kähler manifold with vanishing, positive or negative scalar curvature, according to $$\delta =0$$

δ
=
0

, $$\alpha \delta >0$$

α
δ
>
0

or $$\alpha \delta <0$$

α
δ
<
0

. We shall investigate both the Riemannian curvature and the curvature of the canonical connection, with particular focus on their curvature operators, regarded as symmetric endomorphisms of the space of 2-forms. We describe their spectrum, find distinguished eigenforms, and study the conditions of strongly definite curvature in the sense of Thorpe.
Investigating the effects of microstructural changes induced by myocardial infarction on the elastic parameters of the heart
Authors: Miller Laura , Penta Raimondo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWithin this work, we investigate how physiologically observed microstructural changes induced by myocardial infarction impact the elastic parameters of the heart. We use the LMRP model for poroelastic composites (Miller and Penta in Contin Mech Thermodyn 32:1533–1557, 2020) to describe the microstructure of the myocardium and investigate microstructural changes such as loss of myocyte volume and increased matrix fibrosis as well as increased myocyte volume fraction in the areas surrounding the infarct. We also consider a 3D framework to model the myocardium microstructure with the addition of the intercalated disks, which provide the connections between adjacent myocytes. The results of our simulations agree with the physiological observations that can be made post-infarction. That is, the infarcted heart is much stiffer than the healthy heart but with reperfusion of the tissue it begins to soften. We also observe that with the increase in myocyte volume of the non-damaged myocytes the myocardium also begins to soften. With a measurable stiffness parameter the results of our model simulations could predict the range of porosity (reperfusion) that could help return the heart to the healthy stiffness. It would also be possible to predict the volume of the myocytes in the area surrounding the infarct from the overall stiffness measurements.
Molecular phylogenetic study of flavonoids in medicinal plants: a case study family Apiaceae
Authors: Youssef Dalia , El-Bakatoushi Ranya , Elframawy Asmaa , El-Sadek Laila , Badan Ghada El 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe current study examined the phylogenetic pattern of medicinal species of the family Apiaceae based on flavonoid groups production, as well as the overall mechanism of the key genes involved in flavonol and flavone production. Thirteen species of the family Apiaceae were used, including Eryngium campestre from the subfamily Saniculoideae, as well as Cuminum cyminum, Carum carvi, Coriandrum sativum, Apium graveolens, Petroselinum crispum, Pimpinella anisum, Anethum graveolens, Foeniculum vulgare, Daucus carota, Ammi majus, Torilis arvensis, and Deverra tortuosa from the subfamily Apioideae. The seeds were cultivated, and the leaves were collected to estimate flavonoids and their groups, physiological factors, transcription levels of flavonol and flavone production-related genes. The phylogenetic relationship between the studied species was established using the L-ribosomal 16 (rpl16) chloroplast gene. The results revealed that the studied species were divided into two patterns: six plant species, E. campestre, C. carvi, C. sativum, P. anisum, An. graveolens, and D. carota, contained low content of flavonoids, while the other seven species had high content. This pattern of flavonoids production coincided with the phylogenetic relationships between the studied species. In contrast, the phylogeny of the flavonol and flavone synthase genes was incompatible with the quantitative production of their products. The study concluded that the increment in the production of flavonol depends on the high expression of chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3 hydroxylase, flavonol synthase, the increase of Abscisic acid, sucrose, and phenyl ammonia lyase, while flavone mainly depends on evolution and on the high expression of the flavone synthase gene.
Minimum capital requirement and portfolio allocation for non-life insurance: a semiparametric model with Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) constraint
Authors: Staino Alessandro , Russo Emilio , Costabile Massimo , Leccadito Arturo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present an optimization problem to determine the minimum capital requirement for a non-life insurance company. The optimization problem imposes a non-positive Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) of the insurer’s net loss and a portfolio performance constraint. When expressing the optimization problem in a semiparametric form, we demonstrate its convexity for any integrable random variable representing the insurer’s liability. Furthermore, we prove that the function defining the CVaR constraint in the semiparametric formulation is continuously differentiable when the insurer’s liability has a continuous distribution. We use the Kelley-Cheney-Goldstein algorithm to solve the optimization problem in the semiparametric form and show its convergence. An empirical analysis is carried out by assuming three different liability distributions: a lognormal distribution, a gamma distribution, and a mixture of Erlang distributions with a common scale parameter. The numerical experiments show that the choice of the liability distribution plays a crucial role since marked differences emerge when comparing the mixture distribution with the other two distributions. In particular, the mixture distribution describes better the right tail of the empirical distribution of liabilities with respect to the other two distributions and implies higher capital requirements and different assets in the optimal portfolios.
Hedging longevity risk in defined contribution pension schemes
Authors: Agarwal Ankush , Ewald Christian-Oliver , Wang Yongjie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPension schemes all over the world are under increasing pressure to efficiently hedge longevity risk imposed by ageing populations. In this work, we study an optimal investment problem for a defined contribution pension scheme that decides to hedge longevity risk using a mortality-linked security, typically a longevity bond. The pension scheme promises a minimum guarantee which allows the members to purchase lifetime annuities upon retirement. The scheme manager invests in the risky and riskless assets available on the market, including the longevity bond. We transform the corresponding constrained optimal investment problem into a single investment portfolio optimization problem by replicating future contributions from members and the minimum guarantee provided by the scheme. We solve the resulting optimization problem using the dynamic programming principle. Through a series of numerical studies, we show that the longevity risk has an important impact on the investment strategy performance. Our results add to the growing evidence supporting the use of mortality-linked securities for efficient hedging of longevity risk.
Turbulence Effect on Transpiration Cooling Effectiveness Over a Flat Plate in Hypersonic Flow and Sensitivity to Injection Parameters
Authors: Cerminara Adriano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work presents a numerical study of coolant porous injection in hypersonic turbulent boundary layer, with an analysis of blowing ratio and pore diameter effects on the cooling performance. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are carried out for a Mach 5 flow over a flat plate with induced transition, and with a porous injection model to mimic injection from a bed of equally-spaced circular pores. The cooling performance in turbulent flow is compared to laminar 2D flow cases. Results show downstream development of a turbulent wedge-shaped structure, where a dramatic decay of the near-wall coolant concentration is observed. Blowing ratio and pore size are seen to affect the calmed and transitional regions, however they have a marginal or negligible effect within the turbulent region. A cooling effectiveness deficit/reduction of 15% to 30% for the turbulent cases, with respect to the laminar 2D cases, is observed above the injection region due to the 3D flow effects associated with the porous injection, whereas it reaches values as high as 80% in the developed turbulent region due to the turbulent convective effects. The present results shed light on the effects of turbulence on porous wall cooling and clearly indicate that alternative (ad-hoc) injection strategies and parameter calibration are needed to guarantee appropriate wall cooling in a turbulent flow.