bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep neural network architecture for reliable 3D position and size determination for Lagrangian particle tracking using a single camera
Authors: Ratz M , Sachs S , König J , Cierpka C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Microfluidic flows feature typically fully three-dimensional velocity fields. However, often the optical access for measurements is limited. Astigmatism or defocus particle tracking velocimetry is a technique that enables the 3D position determination of individual particles by the analysis of astigmatic/defocused particle images. The classification and position determination of particles is a task well suited to deep neural networks (DNNs). In this work, two DNNs are used to extract the class and in-plane position (object detection) as well as the depth position (regression). The performance of both DNNs is assessed by the position uncertainties as well as the precision of the size classes and the amount of recalled particles. The DNNs are evaluated on a synthetic dataset and establish a new benchmark of DNNs in defocus tracking applications. The recall is higher than compared to classic methods and the in-plane errors are always subpixel accurate. The relative uncertainty in the depth position is below 1% for all examined particle seeding concentrations. Additionally, the performance on experimental images, using four different particle sizes, ranging from 1.14

μ

m

to 5.03

μ

m

is analyzed. The particle images are systematically rearranged to produce comprehensive datasets of varying particle seeding concentrations. The distinction between particles of similar size is more challenging but the DNNs still show very good results. A precision above 96% is reached with a high recall above 95%. The error in the depth position remains below 1% and the in-plane errors are subpixel accurate with respect to the labels. The work shows that first, DNNs can be trained with artificially rearranged data sets based on individual experimental images and are therefore easily adaptable to various experimental setups and applicable by non-experts. Second, the DNNs can be successfully adapted to determine additional variables as in this case the size of the suspended particles.
An alternately optimized generative adversarial network with texture and content constraints for deformable registration of 3D ultrasound images
Authors: Zhang Jiaju , Fu Tianyu , Wang Yuanyuan , Li Jingshu , Xiao Deqiang , Fan Jingfan , Lin Yucong , Song Hong , Ji Fei , Yang Meng , Yang Jian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. 3D ultrasound non-rigid registration is significant for intraoperative motion compensation. Nevertheless, distorted textures in the registered image due to the poor image quality and low signal-to-noise ratio of ultrasound images reduce the accuracy and efficiency of the existing methods. Approach. A novel 3D ultrasound non-rigid registration objective function with texture and content constraints in both image space and multiscale feature space based on an unsupervised generative adversarial network based registration framework is proposed to eliminate distorted textures. A similarity metric in the image space is formulated based on combining self-structural constraint with intensity to strengthen the robustness to abnormal intensity change compared with common intensity-based metrics. The proposed framework takes two discriminators as feature extractors to formulate the texture and content similarity between the registered image and the fixed image in the multiscale feature space respectively. A distinctive alternating training strategy is established to jointly optimize the combination of various similarity loss functions to overcome the difficulty and instability of training convergence and balance the training of generator and discriminators. Main results. Compared with five registration methods, the proposed method is evaluated both with small and large deformations, and achieves the best registration accuracy with average target registration error of 1.089 mm and 2.139 mm in cases of small and large deformations, respectively. The performance on peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) also proves the effective constraints on distorted textures of the proposed method (PSNR is 31.693 dB and SSIM is 0.9 in the case of small deformation; PSNR is 28.177 dB and SSIM is 0.853 in the case of large deformation). Significance. The proposed 3D ultrasound non-rigid registration method based on texture and content constraints with the distinctive alternating training strategy can eliminate the distorted textures with improving the registration accuracy.
A semantic segmentation of the lung nodules using a shape attention-guided contextual residual network
Authors: Zhang Xugang , Fei Liangyan , Gong Qingshan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. The early diagnosis of lung cancer depends on the precise segmentation of lung nodules. However, the variable size, uneven intensity, and blurred borders of lung nodules bring many challenges to the precise segmentation of lung nodules. Approach. We propose a shape attention-guided contextual residual network to address the difficult problem in lung nodule segmentation. Firstly, we establish a selective kernel convolution residual module to replace the original encoder and decoder. This module incorporates selective kernel convolution, which automatically selects convolutions with different receptive fields to acquire multi-scale spatial features. Secondly, we construct a multi-scale contextual attention module to assist the network in extracting multi-scale contextual features of local feature maps. Finally, we develop a shape attention-guided module to assist the network to restore details such as the boundary and shape of lung nodules during the upsampling phase. Main results. The proposed network is comprehensively analyzed using the publicly available LUNA16 data set, and an ablation experiment is designed to validate the effectiveness of each individual component. Ultimately, the dice similarity coefficient of the experimental results reaches 87.39% on the test set. Compared to other state-of-the-art segmentation methods, the proposed network achieves superior performance in lung nodule segmentation. Significance. Our proposed network improves the accuracy of lung nodule segmentation, which provides an important support for physicians to subsequently develop treatment plans.
Standard-based personalized healthcare delivery for kidney illness using deep learning
Authors: Sachdeva Shelly 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Motivation and objective. Predictive analytics is an active area of research in healthcare. It aims to provide better services to the patient and helps the medical practitioners to know what particular treatment would be suitable for a patient based on their past data. Deep learning is an emerging branch of machine learning in which deep artificial neural networks are used to learn a specific pattern for mapping input to output. It has revolutionized predictive analytics by achieving far better accuracy than conventional learning models. This paper aims to analyze the effect of deep learning on a standardized electronic health records dataset by diagnosing kidney-related diseases. Approach. The current study uses a general modularized deep learning architecture called encoder-combiner-decoder (ECD), which offers a robust framework. The model’s performance is enhanced by the availability of variations and extensions to the basic ECD architecture, corresponding to respective input and output feature types. The openEHR benchmark dataset (ORBDA) is used to train the model. It is a real-world dataset that has been provided by the Brazilian Public Health System through the SUS (DATASUS) Database Department of Informatics. Results. In the current research, the model trained using deep learning on the part of this benchmark dataset can help in diagnosing kidney-related illnesses. The evaluation metrics show high precision, recall, and F1 score for kidney-related diseases, meaning that they can be identified almost every time. Significance. The model is a novel attempt to analyze a standardized healthcare dataset that can be deployed in medical institutions in order for its performance to be evaluated by a medical professional.
UV activated single aligned TiO2 nanofiber embedded silver nanoparticles as room temperature ammonia gas sensor
Authors: Khalafi M , Nikfarjam A , Hajghassem H , Bidmeshkipour S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, by using an electro-spinning process and a secondary electrostatic field on rectangular electrodes, a single-aligned nanofiber of silver nanoparticle (SNP)-TiO2 fabricated for NH3 gas sensing with UV irradiation at room temperature. XRD, FE-SEM and UV spectroscopy adopted for characterization of the single nanofiber. The response of SNP-TiO2 single nanofiber sensor evaluated for 70 ppb to 12 ppm ammonia gas at room temperature up to the optimum temperature of 150 °C. The response of this sensor for 5 ppm ammonia gas is 46.1 at the optimum temperature of 150 °C. However, the response is also evaluated at room temperature under 365 nm UV illumination. The response improved up to 4 times from 11 at dark condition to 45.1 under UV illumination for the ammonia gas concentration of 5 ppm. In addition, UV light exposure led to a considerable reduction in both the response and recovery times. Moreover, the results for detecting other gases such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and water vapor compare to ammonia shows that for SNP-TiO2 sensor the best response is for ammonia gas, whereas its sensitivity to humidity is considerably low (about 9%). This shows the sensor can be used in related applications like breath analysis.
Understanding the role of oxygen-vacancy defects in Cu2O(111) from first-principle calculations
Authors: Dongfang Nanchen , Al-Hamdani Yasmine S , Iannuzzi Marcella 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The presence of defects, such as copper and oxygen vacancies, in cuprous oxide films determines their characteristic carrier conductivity and consequently their application as semiconducting systems. There are still open questions on the induced electronic re-distribution, including the formation of polarons. Indeed, to accurately reproduce the structural and electronic properties at the cuprous oxide surface, very large slab models and theoretical approaches that go beyond the standard generalized gradient corrected density functional theory are needed. In this work we investigate oxygen vacancies formed in proximity of a reconstructed Cu2O(111) surface, where the outermost unsaturated copper atoms are removed, thus forming non-stoichiometric surface layers with copper vacancies. We address simultaneously surface and bulk properties by modelling a thick and symmetric slab, to find that hybrid exchange-correlation functionals are needed to describe the oxygen vacancy in this system. Our simulations show that the formation of oxygen vacancies is favoured in the sub-surface layer. Moreover, the oxygen vacancy leads to a splitting and left-shift of the shallow hole states in the gap, which are associated with the deficiency of copper at the surface. These findings suggest that surface electronic structure and reactivity are sensitive to the presence of oxygen vacancies, also when the latter are formed deeper within the film.
Improving inpatient discharge workflows through pharmacist pending discharge medication orders
Authors: Lee Kasheng , Nixon Grace , Niemi Kristin , Rose Anne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Hospital discharge represents a difficult care transition for patients, with the potential for medication-related problems (MRPs) and adverse events. Medication reconciliation is widely accepted as a best practice to minimize MRPs at the time of discharge. Pharmacists can play a key role in identification and resolution of MRPs, although pharmacist reconciliation usually occurs after provider medication reconciliation. This workflow is often inefficient and results in duplication of work within the care team. A prospective pharmacist-led pilot program with preparation of discharge medication orders for provider review, also known as pended medication orders, was investigated to determine its impact on MRPs and discharge processing time.

Summary
Patient discharges from February through April 2022 were compared for 2 hospital medicine services at a large academic medical center. One group participated in the pilot workflow, while the other used standard discharge workflows. The pilot group had a significant decrease in the average number of clinical interventions made by a pharmacist after provider orders were placed (52.4% decrease; P = 0.03) and a nonsignificant reduction in the time from provider order entry to completion of the final pharmacist medication reconciliation (47.6% reduction; P = 0.18) compared to the group using standard workflows.

Conclusion
Pharmacist-led, prospective discharge medication reconciliation with pending of medication orders for provider review increases overall discharge efficiency. Data from this project and previous studies support an expanded pharmacist role in the discharge process and continued high-level collaboration between pharmacists and providers.
Reclaiming Broken Bodies (or, This Is Gonna Hurt Some): Pain, Healing, and the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Shuman Joel James 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
I argue here that the ways we experience, think about, and treat pain are bound up with sociocultural and technological phenomena that shape our desires and expectations. I propose a way of imagining caring for and offering healing to those who suffer pain informed by the Christian theological tradition. This way does not aspire to replace the care and healing made possible by modern medicine, but rather to place it within the common life of a community of mutual love, hospitality, and reciprocal care.
O-011 Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women with PCOS: a cohort study of 75142 participants from the UK biobank
Authors: Doulgeraki T , Wright A , Frederick H , Celis-Morales C A , Pell J P , Sattar N , Iliodromiti S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Study question
Are women with PCOS at an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity?

Summary answer
Although PCOS is strongly associated with cardiovascular risk factors, it does not increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women aged 40-60 years.

What is known already
PCOS is one the commonest endocrinopathies in women of reproductive age characterised by anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries in ultrasound surveillance. The prevalence of PCOS has been quoted 8 to13% of women in the UK, however, up to 70% of the cases may be undiagnosed. Women with PCOS are at increased risk of developing adverse cardiometabolic outcomes including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Those unfavourable risk factors would place women with PCOS at an increased risk for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, however, the evidence from epidemiological studies are so far heterogenous with conflicting results.

Study design, size, duration
We conducted a cohort study including a total of 75142 participants from the UK biobank, of whom 15747 had PCOS. Women were followed up for 11.1 years in average.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
The primary outcome was morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke. We constructed Cox regression analysis adjusted for confounders and risk factors to quantify the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women with PCOS.

Main results and the role of chance
The incidence rate of cardiovascular events was 1.92/1000 person years in the PCOS population and 1.90/1000 person years in women without PCOS. PCOS was associated with a higher risk of obesity (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.56-1.70), hypertension (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.13-1.23) and type 2 diabetes (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.31-1.58). In the adjusted cox regression model, PCOS doesn’t increase the risk of CVD morbidity and mortality (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78-1.01), however, the cumulative hazard risk in women over 60 years old with a history of PCOS was greater compared to women without PCOS.

Limitations, reasons for caution
The low response rate (5.5%) to the UK biobank recruitment introduces a healthy responder bias which may limit the representation of the population. PCOS was both self-reported and assessed by clinical and biochemical features and other variables were also self-reported, hence reporting bias cannot be excluded.

Wider implications of the findings
The strong association of PCOS with cardiometabolic risk factors and that the CVD morbidity/mortality risk becomes comparable with that of women without PCOS after correcting for these factors, highlights the need to strengthen public health strategies for surveillance, lifestyle interventions and prompt treatment of those co-morbidities in women with PCOS.

Trial registration number
Not applicable
O-028 Genital tract infection and pelvic surgery contribute to the development of endometriosis
Authors: Han A R , Lee S K , Park J C , Han J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Study question
Was the incidence of endometriosis in women with a recent history of genital infection, pelvic surgery, or both increased?

Summary answer
The pelvic inflammation resulting from genital infection and pelvic surgical injury may play a role in developing endometriosis.

What is known already
Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease, and inflammation is considered a core pathology. Inflammation occurs due to pathogenic infection and tissue injury, and genital tract infection and surgical injury can be inducers for pelvic inflammation in endometriosis.

Study design, size, duration
A retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service -National Sample Cohort I (KNHIS-SC I) from 2002-2013 (N = 1,025,340) was performed.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
20- to 49-year-old women diagnosed with genital tract infections (GTI) or who underwent pelvic surgeries between 2002 and 2008 were collected and followed up for five years. A total of 30,336 women were diagnosed with GTI, 2,894 women underwent pelvic surgery, and 788 women with GTI and pelvic surgery were enrolled in each study. The comparison groups matched sociodemographic factors for each group were collected. The incidence of endometriosis in each group was analyzed.

Main results and the role of chance
The incidence of endometriosis per 1,000 person-year was 5.37, 5.17, and 20.81 in each case group and was significantly higher than in each comparison group. A recent history of GTI increased an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 2.29 (1.99-2.63, 95% confidence interval) for the development of endometriosis. The aHRs of pelvic surgery history and the history of both GTI and pelvic surgery were 2.10 and 7.82, respectively.

Limitations, reasons for caution
The diagnosis and treatment codes registered on the NHIS data are used to claim HIRA NHI benefits, which may differ from the diagnosis or treatment performed in practice and it does not contain the used diagnostic method, disease severity, and the disease led to pelvic surgery were not specified.

Wider implications of the findings
Active treatment of genital infections and careful surgical procedures to minimize tissue injury may reduce the incidence of pelvic endometriosis.

Trial registration number
Not Applicable
O-044 The future of contraception
Authors: Thomas M A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In 1960, the first hormonal contraceptive agent, Enovid approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States. The pill contained mestranol 150 mcg and norethynodrel 10 mg. High dose pills containing &gt;50 mcg of estrogen were discontinued in 1988 due to a higher risk of myocardial infraction and stroke secondary to thrombosis. Until recently, the only estrogens used in combination OCPs were mestranol and ethinyl estradiol (EE). Estetrol (E4) and 17-beta estradiol have been added to newer pill and intravaginal ring (IVR) formulations in order to reduce the risk of thrombosis. Progestins confer the primary contraceptive effect in combination agents and can be used without estrogens. First generation progestins include norethynodrel, ethynodiol diacetate, norethindrone and norethindrone acetate (estranes). Second generation progestins include norgestrel and levonorgestrel (gonanes). Third generation include gestoden, desogrestrel and norgestimate, which are less androgen versions of the second generation progestins. Fourth generation progestins have no androgenicity include drospirenone. The fourth generation progestin is a 17 carbon compound which separates it from the other progestins that are primarily 19 carbon derivatives of androgens. Segesterone acetate (SA) is a newer progestin that is less potent and has no androgenic properties. SA, combined with EE, is currently being used in an IVR. However, clinical trials are ongoing using SA with 17-beta estradiol in an IVR and another with EE as a contraceptive gel. Other new methods of hormonal contraception include progestins in a biodegradable implant, longer acting injectables that can last 6-12 months, transdermal patches that are imbedded with an array of microneedles where either the contraceptive agent is in a reservoir or in the needles themselves. Microchip technology is being developed by the Gates Foundation that would allow levonorgestrel to be released systemically at will over a 16-year period using a remote device. Multipurpose technologies are being developed utilizing contraceptive pills, injectables and IVRs containing hormonal agents as well as medications to prevent STI/HIV acquisition.
O-046 Nutritional habits might improve your fertility
Authors: Dupont C , Sermondade N , Bachelot G , Lévy R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many lifestyle factors have been identified as risk factors for male infertility. For example, an unbalanced diet leading to overweight, obesity, metabolic disorders, and micronutrient deficiencies can have consequences for male reproductive functions. Obese men present more often altered semen parameters and a reduced chance of pregnancy naturally or after medically assisted procreation. In some cases, weight loss can reverse the adverse effects of obesity. However, few interventional studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of a preconceptional intervention in men.
In contrast, more and more studies are highlighting the importance of a balanced diet and physical activity to improve fertility. A qualitatively adequate and balanced diet and appropriate daily intake of micronutrients are fundamental for male reproductive functions. Some teams have highlighted the benefits of the Mediterranean diet on sperm production, whereas the Western diet, including reconstituted meats, fried foods, and sweet foods and drinks, was associated with altered semen parameters. However, few interventional studies have confirmed the impact of men's diets on the chances of natural or medically assisted pregnancy and live birth, and their results are controversial.
Therefore, robust randomised controlled studies are needed. Practical advice and education can be recommended to men who wish to conceive to help them maintain or achieve the public health recommendations that encourage a balanced diet, such as the Mediterranean diet.