bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Neighborhood Characteristics and Sleep in Australian Adults
Authors: Edmed Shannon L. , Huda M. Mamun , Pattinson Cassandra L. , Rossa Kalina R. , Smith Simon S. 
Published: June 2023

Background Poor sleep can contribute to poorer health and socioemotional outcomes. Sleep health can be influenced by a range of individual and other socioecological factors. Perceptions of neighborhood physical and social characteristics reflect broader social-level factors that may influence sleep, which have not been well studied in the Australian context. This study examined the association between perceived neighborhood characteristics and sleep in a large sample of Australians. Methods Data were from 9,792 people aged 16 years or older, from Waves 16 and 17 of the nationally representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Associations between perceived neighborhood characteristics (neighborly interaction and support, environmental noise, physical condition, and insecurity) and self-reported sleep duration, sleep disturbance, and napping were examined using multiple logistic regression models. Results “Neighborhood interaction and support” and “neighborhood physical condition” were not significantly associated with any sleep outcomes after adjusting for relevant covariates. However, “environmental noise” and “neighborhood insecurity” remained significantly associated with sleep duration and sleep disturbance. None of the neighborhood characteristics were associated with napping. Furthermore, associations did not significantly vary by gender. Conclusions This study highlights the potential benefit of public health policies to address noise and safety in neighborhoods to improve sleep.
Pain, function and quality of life are impaired in adults undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for hip dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: O’Brien Michael JM , Semciw Adam I , Mechlenburg Inger , Tønning Lisa CU , Stewart Chris JW , Kemp Joanne L 
Published: June 2023

Background: Hip dysplasia is a common condition in active adults with hip pain that can lead to joint degeneration. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a common surgical treatment for hip dysplasia. The effect of this surgery on pain, function and quality of life (QOL) has not been systematically analysed. Purpose: In adults with hip dysplasia: (1) evaluate differences in pain, function and QOL in those undergoing PAO and healthy controls; (2) evaluate pre- to post-PAO changes in pain, function and QOL; (3) evaluate differences in pain, function and QOL in those with mild versus severe dysplasia, undergoing PAO; and (4) evaluate differences in pain, function and QOL in those having primary PAO versus those with previous hip arthroscopy. Methods: A comprehensive, reproducible search strategy was performed on 5 different databases. We included studies that assessed pain, function and QOL in adults undergoing PAO for hip dysplasia, using hip-specific patient reported outcomes measures. Results: From 5017 titles and abstracts screened, 62 studies were included. Meta-analysis showed PAO patients had worse outcomes pre- and post-PAO compared to healthy participants. Specifically, pain (standardised mean difference [SMD] 95% confidence interval [CI]): −4.05; −4.78 to −3.32), function (−2.81; −3.89 to −1.74), and QOL (−4.10; −4.43 to −3.77) were significantly poorer preoperatively. Meta-analysis found patients experienced improvements following PAO. Pain improved from pre-surgery to 1-year (standardised paired difference [SPD] 1.35; 95% CI, 1.02–1.67) and 2 years postoperatively (1.35; 1.16–1.54). For function, the activities of daily living scores at 1 year (1.22; 1.09–1.35) and 2 years (1.06; 0.9–1.22) and QOL at 1 year (1.36; 1.22–1.5) and 2 years (1.3; 1.1–1.5) all improved. No difference was found between patients undergoing PAO with mild versus severe dysplasia. Conclusions: Before undergoing PAO surgery, adults with hip dysplasia have worse levels of pain, function and QOL compared to healthy participants. These levels improve following PAO, but do not reach the same level as their healthy participants. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020144748)
Case mix-based changes in health status: A prospective study of elective surgery patients in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Sutherland Jason M , Crump R Trafford , Karimuddin Ahmer A , Liu Guiping , Wing Kevin , Janjua Arif , Isaac Kathryn 
Published: June 2023

Introduction Hospital activity is often measured using diagnosis-related groups, or case mix groups, but this information does not represent important aspects of patients’ health outcomes. This study reports on case mix-based changes in health status of elective (planned) surgery patients in Vancouver, Canada. Data and methods We used a prospectively recruited cohort of consecutive patients scheduled for planned inpatient or outpatient surgery in six acute care hospitals in Vancouver. All participants completed the EQ-5D(5L) preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively, collected from October 2015 to September 2020 and linked with hospital discharge data. The main outcome was whether patients’ self-reported health status improved among different inpatient and outpatient case mix groups. Results The study included 1665 participants with completed EQ-5D(5L) preoperatively and postoperatively, representing a 44.8% participation rate across eight inpatient and outpatient surgical case mix categories. All case mix categories were associated with a statistically significant gain in health status ( p < .01 or lower) as measured by the utility value and visual analogue scale score. Foot and ankle surgery patients had the lowest preoperative health status (mean utility value: 0.6103), while bariatric surgery patients reported the largest improvements in health status (mean gain in utility value: 0.1515). Conclusions This study provides evidence that it was feasible to compare patient-reported outcomes across case mix categories of surgical patients in a consistent manner across a system of hospitals in one province in Canada. Reporting changes in health status of operative case mix categories identifies characteristics of patients more likely to experience significant gains in health.
Designing futures through student engagement: A policy futures perspective
Authors: Hall Tony , Millar Michelle , O’Regan Connie 
Published: June 2023

Futures research is gaining increased prominence in educational research and development ( Tesar, 2021 ), and particularly now as we emerge from the global COVID-19 pandemic, which has provided a lever for change and an opportunity for innovation in learning, teaching and assessment ( Hall et al., 2020 ; Jandrić et al., 2022 ; Tesar, 2020 ). Designing Futures (DF) is an initiative that aims to transform the student learning experience at university, including through promoting student entrepreneurship and enhanced interaction with enterprise, industry and the innovation sector, supported by a national employability policy agenda, and concomitant, significant government funding. Ireland’s Higher Education Authority has invested €7.57 m in the DF programme at University of Galway for a period of 5 years, 2020–2025. However, introducing such a programme as DF within higher education raises problematic tensions around the purpose of higher education today, as set amidst the current policy futures perspective. Specifically, how do we balance policy imperatives to work more closely with enterprise and industry, while at the same time protecting the essential role of higher education, which must be to provide a formative context for all students to reach their fullest potential as active citizens? This paper helps to position the concept of student engagement, taking DF as an exemplar initiative, and examining the concept as it is construed and deployed in an innovative, futures-oriented educational programme. This review is critical for DF, to ensure we remain fundamentally focused on education, and not just for the world of work, which is of course important, but beyond enterprise and industry: to ensure students’ readiness for the complex and challenging world of today and tomorrow. Furthermore, this constitutes an important contribution to the literature, at a time when the identity of the university and purpose of higher education are the focus of an educationally problematic neoliberal agenda ( Mintz, 2021 ).
Temporal Trends and Contemporary Regional Variation in Management of Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Penton Ashley , Kelly Robert , Le Linda , Blecha Matthew 
Published: June 2023

Introduction The purpose of this study is to investigate regional variation and temporal trends in seven quality metrics amongst CEA patients: discharge on antiplatelet after CEA; discharge on statin after CEA; protamine administration during CEA; patch placement at conventional CEA site; continued statin usage at the time of most recent follow-up; continued antiplatelet usage at the time of most recent follow-up; and smoking cessation at the time of long term follow up. Methods There are 19 de-identified regions within the VQI database in the United States. Patients were placed into one of three temporal eras based on the time of their CEA: 2003-2008; 2009-2015; and 2016-2022. We first investigated temporal trends across the seven quality metrics for all regions combined on a national basis. The percentage of patients in each time era with the presence/absence of each metric was identified. Chi-squared testing was performed to confirm statistical significance of the differences across eras. Next, analysis was performed within each region and within each time metric. We separated out the 2016-2022 patients within each region to serve as the status of each metric application in the most modern era. We then compared the frequency of metric non-adherence in each region utilizing Chi-squared testing. Results There was statistically significant improvement in achievement of all seven metrics between the initial 2003-2008 era and the modern 2016-2022 era. The most marked change in practice pattern was noted for lack of protamine usage at surgery (decreased from 48.7% to 25.9%), discharge home postoperatively without statin (decreased from 50.6% to 15.3%), and lack of statin usage confirmed at time of most recent long term follow up (decreased from 24% to 8.9%). Significant regional variation exists across all metrics ( P < .01 for all). Lack of patch placement at the time of conventional endarterectomy ranges from 1.9% to 17.8% across regions in the modern era. Lack of protamine utilization ranges from 10.8% to 49.7%. Lack of antiplatelet and statin at the time of discharge varies from 5.5% to 8.2% and 4.8% to 14.4% respectively. Adherence to the various measures at the time of most recent follow up are more tightly aligned across regions with ranges of: 5.3% to 7.5% for lack of antiplatelet usage; 6.6% to 11.7% lack of statin utilization; and 13.3 to 15.4% for persistent smoking. Conclusions Prior studies and societal initiatives on CEA documenting the beneficial effects of patch angioplasty, protamine use at surgery, smoking cessation, antiplatelet utilization and statin compliance have positively impacted adherence to these measures over time. In the modern 2016-2022 era the widest regional variation is noted in patch placement, protamine utilization and discharge medications allowing individual geographic areas to identify areas for potential improvement via internal VQI administrative feedback.
Canal Fill of the Forearm Bones When Placing Intramedullary Nails in the Pediatric and Adolescent Populations
Authors: Hamaker Max , Codd Casey M. , May Catherine C. , O’Hara Nathan N. , Abzug Joshua M. 
Published: June 2023

Background: In the lower extremity, studies have suggested an optimal nail diameter to medullary canal diameter (ND/MCD) ratio to minimize postoperative complications. The goal of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between the occurrence of complications, angulation, and range of motion and the ratio of the ND/MCD in the upper extremity. Methods: A total of 85 radius and ulna fractures treated with flexible intramedullary nails had ND/MCD ratios measured. Random-effects models were developed to determine the association between complications and ND/MCD ratio, angulation and ND/MCD ratio, and range of motion and ND/MCD ratio. The results were reported for unadjusted models and adjusted models. Results: Of the 85 forearm fractures treated with intramedullary nailing, there were 3 complications. The average follow-up was 6 months. The ND/MCD ratios were categorized as <0.50, 0.50 to 0.59, and ≥0.60. There was not a significant association between the different ratios and angulation, or risk of complication. There was an association between the ND/MCD ratio ≥0.60 and decreased pronation of −1.58° (−2.77° to −0.38°) and supination of −2.68° (−4.91° to −0.46°) ( P < .05). Conclusion: This study found that there was not an association between the nail to canal diameter ratio and postoperative angulation in forearm fractures treated with flexible intramedullary nails. When choosing a flexible nail for forearm fractures, there does not appear to be an optimal ratio; it is therefore reasonable to use the ND that passes more easily.
A descriptive analysis of hospitalized adolescents facing chronic illnesses with different durations of disease
Authors: Favaretto Giovana Ribeiro de Souza , Machado Regina Celia Bueno , Urbano Mariana Ragassi , Balsanelli Júlia Dutra , Costa Sarah Conchon , Nunes Sandra Odebrecht Vargas 
Published: June 2023

Objectives To assess characteristics of hospitalized adolescents facing chronic diseases, correlating the perceptions of their illness, quality of life and the prevalence of risk behaviors, considering gender and the diseases’ durations. Methods The sample consisted of 61 adolescents, aged between 10 and 19 years, with chronic diseases, hospitalized at the University Hospital of the State University of Londrina. They answered a questionnaire and the scales World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ). They were divided in groups, according to the durations of the disease: group 1 (up to 4 years) and group 2 (5 years or more). Results Group 2 demonstrated higher leisure activity ( p = 0.02) and more painful symptoms ( p = 0.02). In WHOQOL-BREF, group 2 had a higher quality of life in the domain on environment ( p = 0.02) and a higher total score ( p = 0.04). Lower scores on the IPQ were associated with higher scores on the WHOQOL-BREF. Positive correlation was found between WHOQOL-BREF total score and years of disease, in which male presented higher scores. Conclusions These findings may alert to the need for more knowledge about the diseases and the importance of encouraging ways to improve quality of life and care to reduce risky behaviors.
Early or late initiation of dabigatran versus vitamin-K-antagonists in acute ischemic stroke or TIA: The PRODAST study
Authors: Grosse Gerrit M , Hüsing Anika , Stang Andreas , Kuklik Nils , Brinkmann Marcus , Nabavi Darius , Sparenberg Paul , Weissenborn Karin , Gröschel Klaus , Royl Georg , Poli Sven , Michalski Dominik , Eschenfelder Christoph C , Weimar Christian , Diener Hans-Christoph ,   on behalf of the PRODAST Investigators
Published: June 2023

Background: The optimal timing of initiating or resuming anticoagulation after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is debated. Dabigatran, a non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC), has shown superiority against vitamin K antagonists (VKA) regarding hemorrhagic complications. Aims: In this registry study, we investigated the initiation of dabigatran in the early phase after AIS or TIA. Methods: PRODAST (Prospective Record of the Use of Dabigatran in Patients with Acute Stroke or TIA) is a prospective, multicenter, observational, post-authorization safety study. We recruited 10,039 patients at 86 German stroke units between July 2015 and November 2020. A total of 3,312 patients were treated with dabigatran or VKA and were eligible for the analysis that investigates risks for major hemorrhagic events within 3 months after early (⩽ 7 days) or late (> 7 days) initiation of dabigatran or VKA initiated at any time. Further endpoints were recurrent stroke, ischemic stroke, TIA, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, death, and a composite endpoint of stroke, systemic embolism, life-threatening bleeding and death. Results: Major bleeding event rates per 10,000 treatment days ranged from 1.9 for late administered dabigatran to 4.9 for VKA. Early or late initiation of dabigatran was associated with a lower hazard for major hemorrhages as compared to VKA use. The difference was pronounced for intracranial hemorrhages with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.47 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10–2.21) for early dabigatran use versus VKA use and an adjusted HR of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.00–13.11) for late dabigatran use versus VKA use. No differences were found between early initiation of dabigatran versus VKA use regarding ischemic endpoints. Conclusions: The early application of dabigatran appears to be safer than VKA administered at any time point with regards to the risk of hemorrhagic complications and in particular for intracranial hemorrhage. This result, however, must be interpreted with caution in view of the low precision of the estimate.
Challenging Behavior in Context: A Case Study on How People, Space, and Activities Interact
Authors: Roos Berit Ann , Mobach Mark , Heylighen Ann 
Published: June 2023

Aim: We aim to gain insight into the interaction between challenging behavior as shown by individuals with an intellectual impairment, and space, and to explore the possibilities of using routinely collected data to this end. Background: Research on challenging behavior shown by intellectually impaired individuals links their behavior to context, which includes space. Unfortunately, research about this link is hard to conduct, since these individuals may have difficulties expressing themselves verbally and react extremely to sensory stimuli. Method: We conducted a single-case study, focusing on a Dutch very-intensive care facility. We analyzed data routinely collected by the healthcare organization in search of time-space configurations that provide insights into the resident–space interaction. As sensitizing concepts, we used three different contexts the residents interact with—space, people, and activities. Findings: The study exemplified reported interactions that were direct, for example, between the residents and the spatial context, and indirect, for example, through other contexts (people and activities). Space impacts on residents’ senses intensely and acts as a lightning rod for their perceived stress. People also influence residents substantially. Caregivers may both have positive or adverse effects, for example, absenteeism or schedule change. Co-residents may trigger challenging behavior directly by a mere presence or transfer of their stress. Transitions between activities cause unpredictability and are triggers for residents, which interact with space. Conclusions: Living environments providing choice in nearness to the caregiver and distance to co-residents “high in tension,” lowering thresholds for transitions, and facilitating predictability would be beneficial for intellectually impaired individuals showing challenging behavior.
Rethinking Ignorance Through Confucianism and Daoism: Propriety, Transcendence, and Their Educational Implications
Authors: Zhu (朱彦臻) Yanzhen 
Published: June 2023

Purpose Ignorance has been seen as negative in the mainstream philosophical narrative and knowledge-based society. This study introduces Chinese epistemic traditions of Confucianism and Daoism as resources to reunderstand ignorance and current educational issues. Design/Approach/Methods Guided by hermeneutic openness, this study fuses ancient epistemic and modern educational horizons by reinterpreting early Confucian and Daoist classics. Findings The boundary between ignorance and knowledge is flexible and blurry in Confucianism and Daoism, and ignorance is distinctively understood as Confucian admissible propriety and Daoist transcendence of conventional knowledge. Rooted in these epistemologies, Confucianism and Daoism have developed unique educational ideas and forms— congyou (从游) and zuowang (坐忘)—which advocate moral socialization and self-reflexivity beyond knowing through language. These traditions inspire today's educators and learners to find more space for self-formation, appropriate forgetting, and illuminating intuition in education. Originality/Value As an initial exploration, this study examines potential nonnegative ignorance and its educational implications in Confucian and Daoist wisdom. The findings are instructive for rethinking today's knowledge-based society and the text-oriented education of Chinese culture and can contribute to world epistemic diversity and cultural interactions.
The Relationship Between Psychological Distress of Nursing Faculty With Burnout
Authors: Watson Mayantoinette F. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction Approximately 83% of U.S. workers suffer from work-related stress. Burnout affects approximately 38% of nurses and nurse faculty per year. Contributing factors, including growing levels of mental health issues, can be seen among nursing faculty, leading to more and more nurses leaving nursing academia. Objectives This study objective aimed to identify associations between psychological distress with burnout in nursing faculty teaching in an undergraduate nursing program. Methods A quantitative design was utilized using a descriptive method with a convenience sample of nursing faculty ( n  =  150) from the Southeastern United States The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was correlated with the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Results Psychological distress was reported in 25% of the sample. Burnout was reported in 94% of the sample. Psychological distress and burnout were significantly correlated ( p < .05). Race, gender, and age ( p < .05) contributed to psychological distress. Conclusion Interventions promoting healthy mental well-being among nursing faculty are needed to address issues related to increasing rates of burnout and psychological distress. Implementation of workplace health promotion programs, increased mentorship, inclusion of diversity within nursing academia, and mental health awareness can improve mental health outcomes among nursing faculty. Further research is needed to explore the improvement of mental well-being among nursing faculty.