bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining rurality: an evaluation of rural definitions and the impact on survival estimates
Authors: Franks Jeffrey A , Davis Elizabeth S , Bhatia Smita , Kenzik Kelly M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with cancer living in rural areas have inferior cancer outcomes; however, studies examining this association use varying definitions of “rural,” complicating comparisons and limiting the utility of the results for policy makers and future researchers.

Methods
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data (2000-2016) were used to assess risk of cancer mortality and mortality from any cause across 4 definitions of rurality: Urban Influence codes (UIC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Rural-Urban continuum codes (RUCC), and Index of Relative Rurality. Binary (urban vs rural) and ternary (urban, micropolitan, rural) definitions were evaluated. Multivariable parametric survival models estimated hazards of mortality overall and among 3 cancer groupings: screening related, obesity related, and tobacco related. Definition agreement was also assessed.

Results
Overall, 3 788 273 patients with an incident cancer representing 605 counties were identified. There was little discordance between binary definitions of rural vs urban and moderate agreement at the 3 levels. Adjusted models using binary definitions revealed 15% to 17% greater hazard of cancer mortality in rural compared with urban. At the 3 levels when comparing rural with metropolitan, RUCC and NCHS saw similarly increased hazard ratios; however, Index of Relative Rurality did not. Screening-related cancers saw the highest hazards of mortality and the largest divergence between definitions. Obesity-related and tobacco-related cancers saw similarly increased hazards of mortality at the binary and ternary levels.

Conclusions
Hazard of death is similar across binary definitions; however, this differed when categorized as ternary or continuous, especially among screening-related cancers. Results suggest that study purpose should direct choice of definitions and categorization.
Aggregated functional data model applied on clustering and disaggregation of UK electrical load profiles
Authors: Franco Gabriel , P. E. de Souza Camila , Garcia Nancy L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Understanding electrical energy demand at the consumer level plays an important role in planning the distribution of electrical networks and offering of off-peak tariffs, but observing individual consumption patterns is still expensive. On the other hand, aggregated load curves are normally available at the substation level. The proposed methodology separates substation aggregated loads into estimated mean consumption curves, called typical curves, including information given by explanatory variables. In addition, a model-based clustering approach for substations is proposed based on the similarity of their consumers’ typical curves and covariance structures. The methodology is applied to a real substation load monitoring dataset from the UK and tested in eight simulated scenarios.
Sexual function among women with vaginismus: a biopsychosocial approach
Authors: Banaei Mojdeh , Kariman Nourossadat , Ozgoli Giti , Nasiri Maliheh , Roozbeh Nasibeh , Zare Fatemeh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundVaginismus is known as a type of sexual pain disorder. Regarding the multifactorial nature of vaginismus, the biopsychosocial model is one of the best models to describe this sexual disorder.AimThe present research was conducted to study the determinants of sexual function in women with and without vaginismus based on the biopsychosocial model.MethodsThis case-control study was conducted in Iran on 420 women with and without primary vaginismus who met the inclusion criteria. All eligible people were included in the research once their eligibility was verified and their informed permission was acquired; convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used continually. Data collection tools included the demographic and obstetric information form and multiple published scales and questionnaires. Structural equation modeling with LISREL 9.2 software (Scientific Software International) was used to evaluate the determinants of the sexual function of vaginismus.OutcomesParticipants rated their determinants of sexual function based on the biopsychosocial model.ResultsThe mean ages of the case and control groups were 27.67 and 28.44 years, respectively. The direct, indirect, and total effects of the dimensions of sexual health on sexual function and the diagnostic score of vaginismus of the women with vaginismus were significant (P &lt; .001). Furthermore, based on the results, the diagnostic score of vaginismus in women with vaginismus was significantly affected by the direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts of vaginal penetration cognition and fear of sex (P = .016, P = .005). Women with and without vaginismus were able to accept the models’ excellent fit.Clinical ImplicationsThis study helps inform health planners and policy makers about the sexual function of women with vaginismus, the factors related to this disorder, and the multidimensional nature of this sexual problem.Strengths and LimitationsThis study attempted to offer a more comprehensive and complete view of present knowledge via surveying different aspects of sexual health and by means of valid and reliable tools and path analysis. The study’s merits include the use of the biopsychosocial model to evaluate sexual function in women with vaginismus, the use of a variety of questionnaires to compare women with and without vaginismus, and the size of the sample. The research was limited by the fact that electronic sampling was conducted because of the COVID-19 epidemic.ConclusionBased on the findings of the present study for the group of women with vaginismus, the direct, indirect, and overall effects of the majority of dimensions of sexual health were significantly correlated with sexual function and vaginismus.
Understanding the high-mass binary black hole population from stable mass transfer and super-Eddington accretion in bpass
Authors: Briel M M , Stevance H F , Eldridge J J 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
With the remarkable success of the Ligo-Virgo-Kagra consortium in detecting binary black hole mergers, it has become possible to use the population properties to constrain our understanding of the progenitor stars’ evolution. The most striking features of the observed primary black hole mass distributions are the extended tail up to 100 M⊙ and an excess of masses at 35 M⊙. Currently, isolated binary population synthesis have difficulty explaining these features. Using the well-tested bpass detailed stellar binary evolution models to determine mass transfer stability, accretion rates, and remnant masses, we postulate that stable mass transfer with super-Eddington accretion is responsible for the extended tail. These systems are able to merge within the Hubble time due to more stable mass transfer at higher donor masses with higher mass ratios and spin-orbit coupling, allowing the orbits to shrink sufficiently. Furthermore, we find that in bpass the 35 M⊙ excess is not due to pulsational pair-instability, as previously thought, but a feature caused by stable mass transfer, whose regime is limited by the mass transfer stability, quasi-homogeneous evolution, and stellar winds. These findings are at odds with those from other population synthesis codes but in agreement with other recent studies using detailed binary evolution models.
Star formation histories of dwarf spheroidal and dwarf elliptical galaxies in the local Universe
Authors: Seo Mira , Ann Hong Bae 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTWe present the star formation histories (SFHs) of early-type dwarf galaxies, dSphs and dEs, in the local Universe within z = 0.01. The SFHs of early-type dwarf galaxies are characterized by pre-enriched, metal-poor old stellar populations, absence of moderately old stars that have ages of a few Gyr. There are some differences in the SFHs of dSphs and dEs. In particular, dSphs formed old (≳ 10 Gyr old) metal-poor stars ∼2 times more than dEs. The effects of reionization and feedback from supernova explosions are thought to be strong enough to remove the gas left, which prevent moderately old stellar populations in dSphs. In contrast, the ejected gases are not completely removed from dEs and fall back to ignite burst of star formation at a few Gyr after the first period of violent bursts of star formation, showing a suppression of star formation at lookback time ≈9.6 Gyr. The second peak of star formation at lookback time ≈4.5 Gyr in dEs produces moderately old stellar populations. Distinction between dSphs and dEs is useful to examine the SFHS of the early-type dwarfs since the cumulative SFHs are most closely related to their morphology. The stellar mass plays an important role in the SFHs of the early-type dwarfs as a driver of star formation, especially in galaxies with primordial origin.
SUPER VII. morphology and kinematics of H α emission in AGN host galaxies at cosmic noon using SINFONI
Authors: Kakkad D , Mainieri V , Vietri G , Lamperti I , Carniani S , Cresci G , Harrison C , Marconi A , Bischetti M , Cicone C , Circosta C , Husemann B , Man A , Mannucci F , Netzer H , Padovani P , Perna M , Puglisi A , Scholtz J , Tozzi G , Vignali C , Zappacosta L 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTWe present spatially resolved H α properties of 21 type 1 AGN host galaxies at z ∼ 2 derived from the SUPER survey. These targets were observed with the adaptive optics capabilities of the SINFONI spectrograph, a near-infrared integral field spectrograph, that provided a median spatial resolution of 0.3 arcsec (∼2 kpc). We model the H α emission line profile in each pixel to investigate whether it traces gas in the narrow line region or if it is associated with star formation. To do this, we first investigate the presence of resolved H α emission after subtracting the AGN PSF. We find extended H α emission in 16 out of the 21 type 1 AGN host galaxies (76 per cent). Based on the BPT diagnostics, optical line flux ratios and line widths (FWHM), we show that the H α emission in five galaxies is ionized by the AGN (30 per cent), in four galaxies by star formation (25 per cent) and for the rest (45 per cent), the ionization source is unconstrained. Two galaxies show extended H α FWHM &gt;600 km s−1, which is interpreted as a part of an AGN-driven outflow. Morphological and kinematic maps of H α emission in targets with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio suggest the presence of rotationally supported discs in six galaxies and possible presence of companions in four galaxies. In two galaxies, we find an anticorrelation between the locations of extended H α emission and [O iii]-based ionized outflows, indicating possible negative feedback at play. However, in the majority of galaxies, we do not find evidence of outflows impacting H α-based star formation.
Precession and polar alignment of accretion discs in triple (or multiple) stellar systems
Authors: Ceppi Simone , Longarini Cristiano , Lodato Giuseppe , Cuello Nicolás , Lubow Stephen H 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTWe investigate the mechanism of polar alignment for accretion discs in hierarchical systems (HSs) with more than two stars. In eccentric binary systems, low-mass discs that are sufficiently tilted to the binary orbit align in a polar configuration with respect to the binary plane by aligning their angular momentum to the binary eccentricity vector. In HSs, secular evolution of the orbital parameters makes the eccentricity vector of the system precess with time. This precession undermines the stability of the polar orbit for accretion discs hosted in HSs. We analytically show that the binary criteria for polar alignment derived in the literature are necessary but not sufficient conditions for polar alignment in HSs. Then, we derive an analytical criterion for polar alignment in HSs. In general, we find that discs orbiting the innermost level of an HS can go polar. Conversely, radially extended discs orbiting the outer levels of an HS cannot polarly align and evolve as orbiting around a circular binary. We confirm our findings through detailed numerical simulations. Also, our results are compatible with the observed distribution of disc–orbit mutual inclination. Finally, we compare the observed distribution of disc inclinations in the binary and in the HS populations. Binaries host mainly coplanar discs, while HSs show a wide range of disc inclinations. We suggest that the wider range of inclinations in HSs results from the secular oscillation of their orbital parameters (such as Kozai–Lidov oscillations), rather than from a different initial condition or evolution between HSs and binaries.
Edge fracture of thixotropic elastoviscoplastic liquid bridges
Authors: Chan San To , Varchanis Stylianos , Shen Amy Q , Haward Simon J 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt has recently been shown that torsion can break liquid bridges of viscoelastic fluids, with potential application to their clean and rapid dispensing. However, many commonplace fluids (paints, adhesives, pastes, and foodstuffs like chocolate) have more complex thixotropic elastoviscoplastic (TEVP) properties that depend on the imposed stress and the timescale of deformation. Using a commercial thermal paste, we show that liquid bridges of TEVP fluids can also be broken by torsion, demonstrating the applicability of the technique for improved dispensing of real industrial fluids. The liquid bridge breaking mechanism is an elastic instability known as “edge fracture.” Dimensional analysis predicts that the effects of thixotropy and plasticity can be neglected during edge fracture. Simulation using a nonlinear, phenomenological TEVP constitutive model confirms such a prediction. Our work yields new insight into the free-surface flows of TEVP fluids, which may be important to processes such as electronic packaging, additive manufacturing, and food engineering.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Using Minimal Equipment for People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cheng Sonia Wing Mei , McKeough Zoe J , McNamara Renae J , Alison Jennifer A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
Pulmonary rehabilitation programs that use minimal equipment for exercise training, rather than gymnasium equipment, would enable delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation to a greater number of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The effectiveness of minimal equipment programs in people with COPD is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation using minimal equipment for aerobic and/or resistance training in people with COPD.

Methods
Literature databases were searched up to September 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of minimal equipment programs with usual care or with exercise equipment-based programs for exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and strength.

Results
Nineteen RCTs were included in the review and 14 RCTs were included in the meta-analyses, which reported low to moderate certainty of evidence. Compared with usual care, minimal equipment programs increased 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) by 85 m (95% CI = 37 to 132 m). No difference in 6MWD was observed between minimal equipment and exercise equipment-based programs (14 m, 95% CI = −27 to 56 m). Minimal equipment programs were more effective than usual care for improving HRQoL (standardized mean difference = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.31 to 1.67) and were not different from exercise equipment-based programs for improving upper limb strength (6 N, 95% CI = −2 to 13 N) or lower limb strength (20 N, 95% CI = −30 to 71 N).

Conclusion
In people with COPD, pulmonary rehabilitation programs using minimal equipment elicit clinically significant improvements in 6MWD and HRQoL and are comparable with exercise equipment–based programs for improving 6MWD and strength.

Impact
Pulmonary rehabilitation programs using minimal equipment may be a suitable alternative in settings where access to gymnasium equipment is limited. Delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation programs using minimal equipment may improve access to pulmonary rehabilitation worldwide, particularly in rural and remote areas and in developing countries.
A Seventeenth-Century Manuscript of the Academic Drama Lingua
Authors: Challinor Jennie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article explores a previously unknown manuscript of the anonymous academic drama Lingua. Housed in the Bridgeman family archives in Staffordshire Record Office, the manuscript is similar but by no means identical to the 1607 printed edition. I examine the manuscript’s possible provenance, its distinctive features and key variants (including its attention to act music), before focusing on two substantial original passages. Both of these episodes demonstrate a clear satirical interest in Wales, recycling as they do various Welsh stereotypes common in professional drama of the early seventeenth century. I argue that these sections—which also bear the mark of an engagement with Spenser and Rabelais—enrich our understanding not only of Lingua but of the links between university drama and wider literary and theatrical cultures. I conclude that these sections are likely authorial, and that Thomas Tomkis (to whom the play is usually attributed) may well have contributed to or overseen the production of the manuscript.
Safety and tolerability of obeticholic acid in chronic liver disease: a pooled analysis of 1878 individuals
Authors: Ng Cheng Han , Tang Ansel Shao Pin , Xiao Jieling , Wong Zhen Yu , Yong Jie Ning , Fu Clarissa E. , Zeng Rebecca W. , Tan Caitlyn , Wong Gabriel Hong Zhe , Teng Margaret , Chee Douglas , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Chan Kai En , Huang Daniel Q. , Chew Nicholas W.S. , Nah Benjamin , Siddqui Mohammad S. , Sanyal Arun J. , Noureddin Mazen , Muthiah Mark 
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims:
Obeticholic acid (OCA) is a farnesoid X receptor agonist used in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) treatment. Recent studies have expanded OCA use for NASH treatment and results from phase 3 clinical trial have shown beneficial reduction of ≥1 stage of fibrosis with no NASH worsening. However, safety concerns still preside, thus we systematically examine the safety profile of OCA in chronic liver disease.

Materials and Methods:
A search was conducted in Medline and Embase databases for OCA randomized controlled trials in chronic liver disease. Binary events were pooled with Paule-Mandel random effects model and proportional events were examined in a generalized linear mixed model with Clopper-Pearson intervals.

Results:
A total of 8 studies and 1878 patients were analyzed. There was a 75% [risk ratio (RR): 1.75, 95% CI: 1.43–2.15, p < 0.01] increased pruritis risk. OCA increased constipation incidence (RR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.45–2.43, p < 0.01), decreased diarrhea (RR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.50–0.77, p < 0.01), and increased development of hyperlipidemia (RR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.85–3.92, p < 0.01) relative to placebo. Sensitivity analysis in NASH-only studies found a dose-dependent effect with pruritis which increases to RR: 3.07 (95% CI: 1.74–5.41) at 25 mg. However, up to 9.98% (95% CI: 5.01%–18.89%) of NAFLD patients with placebo similarly experience pruritis events. Overall, 16.55% (95% CI: 6.47%–36.24%) of patients with NAFLD on OCA experienced pruritis. There was no significant increase in cardiovascular events.

Conclusions:
OCA may represent the first pharmacological treatment approved for NASH. However, pruritis, constipation, diarrhea, and hyperlipidemia were major events with evident dose-dependent effect that affect tolerability in NASH. Future long-term studies for longitudinal safety events are required.
Heart rate variability is associated with disease severity and portal hypertension in cirrhosis
Authors: Miceli Giuseppe , Calvaruso Vincenza , Casuccio Alessandra , Pennisi Grazia , Licata Massimo , Pintus Chiara , Basso Maria G. , Velardo Mariachiara , Daidone Mario , Amodio Emanuele , Petta Salvatore , Simone Fabio , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Di Raimondo Domenico , Craxì Antonio , Pinto Antonio , Tuttolomondo Antonino 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Autonomic nervous system activity in cirrhotic portal hypertension is linked to hyperdynamic circulation. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a validated noninvasive method to assess the sympathovagal balance. To investigate the correlation between HRV parameters and degree of portal hypertension, we studied a cohort of patients with cirrhosis accounting for etiology and treatments.

Patients and Methods:
In this cross-sectional, observational cohort study, 157 outpatients of both sex with nonalcoholic cirrhosis were assessed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to search for esophagogastric varices. Twenty-four-hour electrocardiogram Holter monitoring with 3 HRV parameters measurement [SD of the NN intervals, root mean square successive difference of NN intervals, and SD of the averages of NN intervals (SDANN)] according to time-domain analysis were performed in all patients. Sixteen patients with large esophagogastric varices underwent measurements of the HVPG and assessment of HRV parameters at baseline and after 45 days on carvedilol.

Results:
The liver dysfunction, expressed by Child-Pugh class or MELD score, was directly related to root mean square successive difference of NN intervals and inversely related to SDANN. Presence of ascites was inversely related to SDANN and to SD of the NN intervals. Treatment with carvedilol had an inverse relation with SDANN. Presence and size of esophagogastric varices had an inverse relation to SDANN and SD of the NN intervals. Upon multivariate analysis the associations between SDANN and Child-Pugh class, size of varices and ascites were confirmed. In the subgroup of 16 patients undergoing HVPG measurement, pressure gradient was unrelated to heart rate and HRV parameters.

Conclusions:
Time-domain HRV parameters in patients with cirrhosis, confirm the autonomic nervous system alteration, and their correlation to the degree of portal hypertension suggesting a role of the ANS in hepatic decompensation.