bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Simulation Analysis of the Patient Transfer Machine
Authors: Wen Shaoxin , Wang Xinzui , Cao Fucheng , Fu Hui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In response to the low level of automation of the tools used for patient transfer in hospitals and the resulting shortage of nursing personnel, this paper studies the characteristics of existing transfer products and related structural features. A transfer machine based on static transfer is proposed, which can achieve patient transfer between a hospital bed and a stretcher truck. In this paper, the overall structure of the transfer machine has been designed in detail, and the structural design and analysis of important transmission components have been carried out. The finite element strength analysis of the main bearing components has been carried out. Finally, the selection of driving components based on their functions has been carried out. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the development of subsequent transfer machines.
Design Method of the Civil Aircraft Cargo Compartment Interiors Based on Resist-flame Burnthrough
Authors: Zhang Huan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to conduct research on interior design methods based on resist-flame burn-through. The paper first analyzed the acceptance criterion of the oil burner test according to part III of Appendix F, part 25, [1]. Then it elaborated on various design methods of cargo compartment liners combined with the previous design and test experience, including the design method of material, opening features, lap/butt joint features, and corner butt joint features [2]. These design methods can effectively improve the ability to resist-flame burn-through of cargo compartment liners.
Numerical simulation of directional solidification process of single crystal blade based on precast
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyun , Cao Guoqiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A finite element method was applied to establish a mathematical model of a single crystal blade’s directional solidification process. The model had different angles between the axis of the mold group and the blade. The effects of different radiation angles on temperature variation laws at different blade positions were investigated. The temperature near the center was lower than that near the wall on the upper side of the baffle, while it was higher on the lower side. Moreover, the grain growth of stray particles in blade casting defects was influenced by blade orientation. The grain growth of scattering particles in blade casting defects was faster. The isolated solid-liquid mixing zone was more prone to form at the platform tip near the center when the blade orientation angle was smaller. The 0° orientation angle resulted in the blade’s most severe stray grain phenomenon.
Parameter Optimization for Temporary Primary Frequency Control of Wind Turbines Based on Analytical Derivation
Authors: Wei Xinyu , Jin Zhaoyang , Li Gengkun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
DFIG has the capability to participate in power system frequency modulation through inertial control by returning the energy stored in the rotating mass of the generator that is delivered to the grid. When frequency modulation occurs, the primary frequency drop can lead to a reduction in the rotor kinetic energy stored in the DFIG, which is subsequently used to produce extra active power to sustain the system frequency. However, once the available rotor kinetic energy is released, the output power of the DFIG abruptly drops to restore the rotor speed. To reduce the extent of the secondary frequency deviation caused by the inertial control of DFIGs, this paper applies an analytically derived approach to optimize the parameters of temporary primary frequency control during rotor speed recovery. Specifically, the parameters optimized include termination time and active power Simulation results conducted using DIGSILENT simulation software have demonstrated that the optimized temporary primary frequency control strategy is capable of effectively reducing the secondary frequency drop that may occur when the DFIG is removed from frequency control. Moreover, setting the optimal termination time and controlling the active power output while the rotor speed is being restored are crucial to prevent excessive mechanical wear and fatigue that may be induced by a too-rapid recovery of rotor speed.
On the influence of head motion on the swimming kinematics of robotic fish
Authors: Abbaszadeh Shokoofeh , Kiiski Yanneck , Leidhold Roberto , Hoerner Stefan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Up to now bio-inspired fish-mimicking robots fail when competing with the swimming performance of real fish. While tail motion has been studied extensively, the influence of the head motion is still not fully understood and its active control is challenging. In this experimental study, we show that head yawing strongly impacts on the propulsion force and determines the optimal fin actuation amplitude and tail beat frequency when aiming for a maximal propulsion force. In a parametric experimental study on a tethered 367 mm long fish robot the pivot point location of the head yaw has been varied along with tail beat frequency and actuation amplitude. The experiments took place in a still water tank and the swimming force has been measured with a single axis load cell. The robot is actuated with non-conventional area actuators based on micro fiber composites. 105 parameter sets have been investigated while the highest pivot point distance of roughly 0.36 body length from the nose tip provided the highest propulsion force of 500 mN with the lowest actuation frequency of 2.5 Hz and the highest head motion amplitude of a magnitude of 0.18 body length. Even though the pivot point location on a free swimming robot is a consequence of the complex fluid-structure interactions of fish and fluid, the results provide valuable information for the design of fish mimicking robots and questions the paradigm that head yaw is a simple recoil effect from tail motion and has to be minimized for an effective propulsion.
Dams and tribal land loss in the United States
Authors: Randell Heather , Curley Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Indigenous peoples in the United States have faced continued land dispossession for centuries. Through the reservation system as well as policies including forced removal and allotment, colonial settlers and later the federal government acquired over two billion acres from Native Nations. We argue that another important, yet understudied and unquantified, contributor to tribal land loss is through the construction of dams. By restricting water flow in rivers or lakes, dams submerge land under reservoirs and disrupt aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This impacts livelihoods of local communities, destroys culturally important places and resources, and displaces people from their homes and land. To quantify the amount of tribal land lost as a result of dam construction, we engage in an innovative data linkage project. We use geospatial data on the boundaries of federal Indian reservations and Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Areas (OTSAs) and overlay these data with the locations of approximately 7,900 dams in the continental US. We estimate that 139 dams have submerged over 619 000 acres of land on 56 federal reservations and that 287 dams have inundated over 511 000 acres of land on 19 OTSAs. Taken together, our lower-bound estimate is that over 1.13 million acres of tribal land have been flooded under the reservoirs of 424 dams, which amounts to an area larger than Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Grand Teton National Park, and Rocky Mountain National Park combined. In light of recent federal legislation to address aging infrastructure in the US as well as the increasing risks to dam function and safety caused by climate change, dams that impact tribal land should be prioritized for removal. In cases where removal is not a preferred or viable option, alternatives include tribal ownership or funding for repairs and improvements.
Covariant action for conformal higher spin gravity
Authors: Basile Thomas , Grigoriev Maxim , Skvortsov Evgeny 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConformal higher spin (HS) gravity is a HS extension of Weyl gravity and is a family of local HS theories, which was put forward by Segal and Tseytlin. We propose a manifestly covariant and coordinate-independent action for these theories. The result is based on an interplay between HS symmetries and deformation quantization: a locally equivalent but manifestly background-independent reformulation, known as the parent system, of the off-shell multiplet of conformal HS fields (Fradkin–Tseytlin fields) can be interpreted in terms of Fedosov deformation quantization of the underlying cotangent bundle. This brings into the game the invariant quantum trace, induced by the Feigin–Felder–Shoikhet cocycle of Weyl algebra, which extends Segal’s action into a gauge invariant and globally well-defined action functional on the space of configurations of the parent system. The same action can be understood within the worldline approach as a correlation function in the topological quantum mechanics on the circle.
Seven definitions of bipartite bound entanglement
Authors: Gaida Michael , Kleinmann Matthias 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An entangled state is bound entangled if one cannot combine any number of copies of the state to a maximally entangled state by using only local operations and classical communication. If one formalizes this notion of bound entanglement, one arrives immediately at four different definitions. In addition, at least three more definitions are commonly used in the literature, in particular in the very first paper on bound entanglement. Here we review critical distillation protocols and we examine how different results from quantum information theory interact in order to prove that all seven definitions are eventually equivalent. Our self-contained analysis unifies and extends previous results scattered in the literature and reveals details of the structure of bound entanglement.
Using native plants as sustainable solution for controlling aeolian activities
Authors: Ahmed Modi M. , Dousari Noor Al , Abbar Adnan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Kuwait is experimenting with the restoration of severely degraded terrestrial regions in its northern region, center for the development of wildlife habitats. The re-implantation and reproduction of native plants project, which will run from June 2003 to May 2019, is the main part of the restoration of the degraded zones. The most effective plants for reducing aeolian mobile sediments were highlighted, along with the most endangered plant species in the area, including Lycium shawii, Haloxylon salicornicum, Rhanterium epapposum, Panicum turgidum and, Calligonum polygonoides. The irrigation of these plants was kept up for around one to two years using brackish water from a productive well that produced 20 to 26 m3 per hour (TDS=4, 900 ml/l) and was hydrogen sulfide-free. Maximum mobile aeolian sediments were captured in Nitraria, Haloxylon, Tamarix, Lycium, Panicum, and Citrullus at 11.17, 6.29, 6.09, 5.77, 5.60, and 5.51m3, respectively. Their relative economic values were 14.74, 8.3, 8.04, 7.62, 7.39 and. 7.27 $, making them the most effective controls for aeolian processes in both current and upcoming applications.
Calculation of Evaporation Losses for Center Pivot Sprinkler Irrigation Systems Type (Lindsay) by Effect of Timer Percentage of Speed and the Increase of Sprayer Nozzles from Soil Surface
Authors: Al-Mehmdy Shuker M , Gar Laith F , Abood Mohammed A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted during summer season (July, August, September) 2019 in some field in Anbar governorate, Saqlawiya city, Gisaba area to calculate water losses by evaporation through water depths by calculating the discharges that come from nozzles and water depths to collect in side cans while calculating uniformity coefficient above soil surface. The results showed that the increase of spray nozzles in soil surface at 1.0m gave the lowest depths from evaporated water by changing the timer speed percent; where it was 0.18mm 100% speed, while increased to 3.39mm at 20% speed compared 0.66mm at 100% speed till 5.91mm at 20% speed when expanding the sprayer nozzles to 1.50m from soil surface. The 100% speed gave low percentage of losses (1.79%) and the high percentage was obtained at 20% speed (33.70%) at 1.0m height, which is better that height of 1.50m in rationalizing water in order to irrigate new areas that water was not enough for. this is due to variation in the height of spray nozzles above the ground, as well as variations in temperature and wind speed steadfastly speed up the system.
The Water Footprint and Virtual Water and Their Effect on Food Security in Iraq
Authors: Al-Badri Basim H , Mohammad Mohammad Kh , Khalid Jehan O 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to explaining the concepts of water footprint and virtual water and how these two concepts could use to achieve water savings at the local level to meet the water supply deficit in Iraq, which is expected to increase in the coming years and influence of that on food security in Iraq by using these concepts when drawing production, irrigated and import plans in Iraq. The study aimed to studying the water footprint and virtual water and their impact on the foreign trade for wheat and rice crops during the period 2000-2022 and estimating the most important indicators of virtual water and the water footprint of the study crops due to the importance of these criteria in determining the amount of increase or decrease in the area of the studied crops, according to the foreign trade policy. This study was concluded that the average total water footprint of the wheat and rice crops during the study period is (20.27,13.89) billion m3 respectively, and the average percentage of dependence on external water resources for both crops are (20.49%,67.98%) respectively, and the average percentage of self-sufficiency in water resources are (79.51%,32.01%) respectively, and the average unit productivity of irrigation water for both crops is (0.19,0.10) kg/m3 respectively during 2000-2022.The average for the water needs of wheat and rice crops during the study period were (6.04,10.19) m3/kg respectively, the average amounts of water used in local production for both crops are (14.23,4.01) billion m3 respectively, the average amounts of virtual water imported for both crops are (6.19,10.03) billion m3 respectively, and the average value of the imported virtual water for both crops is (382,529) thousand dollars during the period 2000-2022. The study recommended to taking in account these concepts in plans of production and distributing irrigation water.
Irrigation with saline water for quinoa crop (Chenopodium quinoaWilld) depending on growth stages and its effect on plant yield and salt accumulation
Authors: Salim Saifuldeen A , Alalwany Abdulkarem A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the success of the use of saline water during certain stages of the growth of the quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd ) plant and to provide a portion of fresh water without affecting the yield significantly. A field experiment was carried out with a Randomized Complete Block Design, in which Euphrates River (fresh water) (R), and saline groundwater (S) were used, its electrical conductivity was 1.6 and 5.1 dSm−1 respectively.Growth stages were divided into four stages: germination and emergence -vegetative growth - flowering - yield formation. Five treatments were used for irrigation: treatment T1, irrigation with river water for the four stages (RRRR), treatment T2: irrigation with river water for the first and second stage, and saline water for the third and fourth stage (RRSS), and treatment T3: irrigation with river water for the first and third stage and saline water for the second and fourth stage (RSRS),while treatment T 4: irrigation with river water for the first stage and saline water for the other three stages (RSSS). and treatment T5: irrigation with saline water for all stages (SSSS). Plant growth and yield were followed, as well as the amount of salt accumulation in the soil before planting and after harvest.
Sustainability of Agricultural Productivity of Potato Crop in Desert Soils and Evaluation of Water Productivity Under Drip Irrigation System with Future Climate Changes
Authors: Salim Shatha , Ati Alaa S , Ali Alaa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the spring season 2020 in Karbala proving/ Al-Sharia Distrit, located at latitude N 32° 42' 13.8" and longitude E 43° 54' 36.6" and at an altitude of 27 m above sea level. The experiment included a study of two factors: the first, Irrigation Interval, three treatments were used: irrigation treatment every 2 days, Irrigation treatment every 4 days, and Irrigation treatment every 6 days. The second factor is the addition of soil conditioners, in which four treatments were used: the control treatment without any addition, the treatment of adding bio-organic fertilizers, the treatment of adding water-conserving technology (polymer), and the treatment of adding water-conserving technology + fertilizers Organic vitality. The experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates and under the split block design (split block design).It use the results of regional climate models to highlight how climate change affects the region through the AquaCrop model and repeat the same process for another regional climate model and another scenario to assess the impact using climate projections and analyzing the impact of climate change on water resources, the results were as follows: An increase in the amount of annual rainfall and monsoon rain during the two periods (2016-2035) and (2046-2065) under the RCP4.5 scenario, amounting to 17.00, 9.42, 11.91, and 9.06 mm. respectively compared to the base period (1985-2005) and its increase during the period (2016-2035) according to the RCP8.5 scenario amounted to 3.97 and 4.51 mm, with a slight decrease during the period (2046-2065) amounting to -3.78 and -2.57 mm, respectively, compared to base period. An increase in the maximum and minimum temperatures, according to the climate change scenario RCP4.5, amounted to 0.81, 0.75, 1.65, and 1.55°C, and the RCP8.5 scenario amounted to 1.1, 0.98, 2.33, and 2.14°C, as an average of the values of climate models. (EC-Earth, CNRM-CM5, GFDL-ESM2M) for the maximum and minimum temperatures, respectively, during the period (2016-2035) and (2046-2065), compared to the base periodd. There were no significant differences between the current productivity of the potato crop and the expected productivity using the AquaCrop model, so the value of R2 was 0.85 between the expected and measured data for productivity for twelve years under the surface drip irrigation system.The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.951, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.426, and the efficiency coefficient was 0.659 for the surface drip irrigation system.
Effect of Nanophosphorous and Arginine on the Wheat Triticum aestivum L. Under water Deficit Condition
Authors: Al-shaheen Mustafa R , Nayyef Yasir M , Sabry Nawfal A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To investigate the effects of Nanophosphorous and Arginine on wheat, a field experiment was conducted in one of the farmers’ fields in the east of Anbar, Iraq, in order to improve wheat drought tolerance. The plants were sprayed with Nano phosphorous, and Arginine was shown to have the highest rate of all the investigated features. The results demonstrated that the interaction between the study parameters was successful in increasing plant resistance to water deficiency.
Multivariate Statistical Methods Used in Determining the Hydrogeochemical Surfaces of Groundwater in Yusufiya District
Authors: Hussain Tariq A , Jumaah Ghufran F , Al Kindi Ghayda Y 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
For the importance of groundwater and being the second natural source of water after surface water, it is necessary to know the quality, features and hydrological surfaces of this water. For this reason, 15 wells were chosen in the Al Yusufiyah sub-district to study the quality of groundwater based on multivariate statistical methods as well as the Piper chart. These methods proved successful in characterizing the study of groundwater chemistry and can be relied upon for ground and surface water in other regions. The quality of the groundwater in Al Yousifiyah, according to Piper’s scheme, the alkalinity increases with the presence of sulfate and chloride, depending on the type of soil. From the analysis of the correlation matrix, the totals were found to be Ca, Mg, and Cl., Ca, Mg, Cl, and SO4, as well as Ca, Na, Mg, Cl, SO4, and HCO3. From the mass analysis, the first K, second Na, third Ca, fourth Mg, SO4 and fifth Cl, HCO3 were obtained. Finally, from the main component analysis, hydrogeochemical facies were found: Cl, SO4, Ca, HCO3, Mg, and Na, Respectively.
Evaluation of the Suitability of Sulfur Springs Water for Vital Uses by Studying the Physical, Chemical Properties of Some Sulfur Springs Water in the City of Hit
Authors: Fakhry Muammar A , Saleh Muafaq A , Nayyef Asmaa G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
By studying some of the physical and chemical properties of the water of sulfur springs and identifying the nature of that water and the concentration of elements and ions in it and the percentage of salts, and by looking at the Iraqi environmental legislation and the World Health Organization (WHO), we find that the water of the studied springs is unfit for human and animal consumption, because of the concentration of dissolved salts in it, which Exceeding the general allowable rate, in addition to the high concentration of dissolved ions that lead to a change in the properties of that water. It can also be confirmed on the field that the water of those springs is rich in hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S), which is formed as a result of the oxidation of organic substances and the reduction of sulfate ions. In addition, most of the springs of the study area are characterized by the mixing of their water with oil derivatives, adding a state of pollution to that water, which increased the unfitness of that water for drinking purposes. Liquid petroleum (consisting of a complex mixture of different compounds, some of which are volatile or light, and some are heavy such as asphalt materials and bitumen), and natural gas such as methane, ethane, propane, and butane (Al-Jumaili and Ahmed; 2018). These factors and pollutants combined made that water unfit for drinking or human consumption. According to the classification of the American salinity laboratory for the year 1954, and the classification of the FAO for the year 1992, it is considered suitable water for irrigation purposes and watering field. In addition to the validity of spring water for industrial purposes, and its use for therapeutic purposes and hospitalization due to its richness in salts, elements and ions.