bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Steel Jackets to Support Offshore Wind Turbines Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Cruz Rodrigo Oliveira , Duarte Grasiele Regina , de Lima Beatriz Souza Leite Pires , Jacob Breno Pinheiro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an optimization tool for jacket structures to support Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs). The tool incorporates several combinations of optimization algorithms and constraint-handling techniques (CHTs): Genetic Algorithm; Differential Evolution (DE); Tournament Selection Method; Multiple Constraint Ranking (MCR); Adaptive Penalty Method, and Helper-and-Equivalent Optimization. The objective function regards the minimization of the jacket weight; the design variables are the diameter and thickness of the tubular members. The constraints are related to natural frequencies and Ultimate Limit State criteria. The candidate solutions are evaluated by full nonlinear time-domain Finite Element coupled analyses. To assess the optimization algorithms and CHTs, a case study is presented for the standardized OWT/jacket structure from the Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration Continuation project. First, a numerical model is built and validated, in terms of masses, natural frequencies, and vibration modes; then, this model is employed to run the optimization tool for all combinations of optimization algorithms and CHTs. The results indicate that, while all methods lead to feasible optimal solutions that comply with the constraints and present considerable weight reductions, the best performer is the combination of the DE algorithm with the MCR constraint-handling technique.
Combination of ultrasound-guided percutaneous A1 pulley release and intra-tendon sheath injection improves the therapeutic outcomes in adult trigger finger patients
Authors: Zan Xingyou , Zhou Wei-Ping , Wang Yan , Xu Min , Zhou Feng-Sheng , Fang Xiang-Ming 
Published: May 2023

Aim: This study aimed to use high-frequency ultrasound guidance to compare the efficacy of percutaneous release combined with intra-tendon sheath injection (PR-ITSI) and percutaneous release only (PR-ONLY) in the treatment of adult trigger finger (TF) patients.Materials and methods: A total of 48 patients were randomly divided into PR-ITSI group and PR-ONLY group. The thickness of the A1 pulley was measured prior to surgery and 1-year after surgery. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale score of affected fingers were evaluated at 1 day, 1 month, and 1 year after surgery.Results: The overall difference of VAS score between the two groups after treatment was statistically significant (p<0.001), while the VAS scores gradually decreased in both groups at different time-points after treatment. The VAS scores in the PR-ITSI group at 1 day and 1 month after surgery were 1.475 and 0.904 (p<0.001), respectively, which were lower than those in the PR-ONLY group. Different treatment methods had no effect on the VAS score at 1 year after surgery (p=0.055). The thickness of the A1 pulley at 1 year after surgery was lower than that before surgery (p<0.001), whereas there was no significant difference in A1 pulley thickness between the two groups (p=0.095). The rate of PGI-I scale improvement by one grade at 1 day, 1 month, and 1 year after surgery in the PR-ITSI group was 15.322 times (95%CI: 4.466-52.573, p<0.001), 14.807 times (95%CI: 2.931-74.799, p=0.001), and 15.557 times (95%CI: 1.119-216.307, p=0.041), respectively, than that in the PR-ONLY group.Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided PR-ITSI is superior to PR-ONLY in the VAS score and PGI-I scale for adult TF patients.
Active Suppression of the Light Shift in an Atomic Clock Based on Coherent Population Trapping in 87Rb Vapor Using the Phase Jump Technique
Authors: Radnatarov D. A. , Kobtsev S. M. , Andryushkov V. A. , Basalaev M. Yu. , Taichenachev A. V. , Radchenko M. D. , Yudin V. I. 
Published: May 2023

The active suppression of light shift of the reference coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance in87Rb vapor to improve the long-term stability of compact atomic clocks has been demonstrated experimentally. The approach is based on the phase jump technique used to synthesize an error signal, which is proportional to the light shift of the CPT resonance, from an optical transmission signal. The use of this error signal in an additional feedback loop allows one to stabilize the amplitude of a microwave signal for the phase modulation of laser radiation near a value at which the light shift of the CPT resonance is absent. This technique has made it possible to reduce the long-term instability of CPT atomic clocks in our experiments by a factor of 15 at an integration time of 10 000–20 000 s.
Observation of the Strong Magneto-Optical Rotation of the Polarization of Light in Rubidium Vapor for Applications in Atomic Magnetometry
Authors: Makarov A. O. , Brazhnikov D. V. , Goncharov A. N. 
Published: May 2023

Nonlinear resonances in alkali metal vapor, which are detected by the magneto-optical rotation of the linear polarization of light, are actively used in quantum magnetometry to fabricate atomic magnetometers. The magneto-optical rotation in most such sensors is due to magnetic birefringence, and rotation angles usually do not exceed tens of milliradians. In this work, an experiment where magneto-optical resonances of linear polarization rotation of a probe wave are due to strong dichroism induced in a medium by a counterpropagating pump wave has been proposed. Both waves are in resonance with the Fg = 2 → Fe = 1 optical transition in the 87Rb D1 line (λ ≈ 795 nm). Experiments have been carried out with a 2-cm-long cylindrical cell filled with a buffer gas, and the maximum rotation angle is ≈390 mrad (22°) at a width of resonance of about 300 nT. The results show that the configuration proposed for the observation of magneto-optical rotation is promising for the fabrication of compact high-sensitivity atomic magnetometers.
Investigating online activity in UK adolescent mental health patients: a feasibility study using a natural language processing approach for electronic health records
Authors: Sedgwick Rosemary , Bittar André , Kalsi Herkiran , Barack Tamara , Downs Johnny , Dutta Rina 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of using a natural language processing (NLP) application for extraction of free-text online activity mentions in adolescent mental health patient electronic health records (EHRs).SettingThe Clinical Records Interactive Search system allows detailed research based on deidentified EHRs from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, a large south London Mental Health Trust providing secondary and tertiary mental healthcare.Participants and methodsWe developed a gazetteer of online activity terms and annotation guidelines, from 5480 clinical notes (200 adolescents, aged 11–17 years) receiving specialist mental healthcare. The preprocessing and manual curation steps of this real-world data set allowed development of a rule-based NLP application to automate identification of online activity (internet, social media, online gaming) mentions in EHRs. The context of each mention was also recorded manually as: supportive, detrimental or neutral in a subset of data for additional analysis.ResultsThe NLP application performed with good precision (0.97) and recall (0.94) for identification of online activity mentions. Preliminary analyses found 34% of online activity mentions were considered to have been documented within a supportive context for the young person, 38% detrimental and 28% neutral.ConclusionOur results provide an important example of a rule-based NLP methodology to accurately identify online activity recording in EHRs, enabling researchers to now investigate associations with a range of adolescent mental health outcomes.
DIONYSIUS trial: “Does increasing oxygen nurture your symptomatic ischaemic ulcer sufficiently?” Study protocol for an international multicentre randomised trial
Authors: Brouwer Robin , van der Peet Rowan , Hoencamp Rigo , Koelemay Mark , van Dieren Susan , van Hulst Rob , Ubbink Dirk 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes and often associated with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Current available evidence shows hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can reduce the risk of major amputation, but clinicians remain sceptical about the (cost-)effectiveness and feasibility of HBOT for ischaemic DFUs in clinical practice. Therefore, vascular surgeons and HBOT physicians worldwide feel a strong need for a sufficiently powered clinical trial to determine whether and how many HBOT sessions may be a (cost-)effective adjunctive treatment to ischaemic DFUs.MethodsAn international, multicentre, multi-arm multi-stage design is chosen to conduct an efficient randomised clinical trial. Patients will be randomised to receive standard care (wound treatment and surgical interventions following international guidelines) with either 0, 20, 30 or at least 40 sessions of HBOT. These sessions will comprise 90–120 min of HBOT at a pressure of 2.2–2.5 atmospheres absolute according to international standards. Based on a planned interim analysis, the best performing study arm(s) will continue. Primary end point is major amputation (ie, above ankle) rate after 12 months. Secondary end points are amputation-free survival, wound healing, health-related quality of life and cost-effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationAll patients enrolled in this trial will receive maximum vascular, endovascular or conservative treatment and local wound care according to best practice and (inter)national guidelines. HBOT therapy is added to the standard treatment and is regarded as a low-risk to moderate-risk therapy. The study is approved by the medical ethics committee of the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location University of Amsterdam.Trial registration number2020-000449-15, NL9152,NCT05804097.
Activities of daily living after surgery among older patients with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers: a retrospective observational study using nationwide health services utilisation data from Japan
Authors: Okuyama Ayako , Kosaka Hisashi , Kaibori Masaki , Higashi Takahiro , Ogawa Asao 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThe effectiveness and impact of any treatment on patients’ physical functions, especially in older patients, should be closely considered. This study aimed to evaluate activities of daily living (ADLs) after oncological surgery in patients with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers by age groups in Japan.DesignRetrospective observational study using health services utilisation data from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016.SettingData for patients with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers diagnosed in 2015 from 431 hospitals nationwide in Japan.ParticipantsPatients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and laparoscopic or open surgery were included.Outcome measuresThe proportion of ADL decline at discharge, death and unexpected readmission within 6 weeks postsurgery was calculated by age groups (40–74, 75–79 and ≥80 years).ResultsData for 68 032 patients were analysed. The difference in the proportion of ADL decline after ESD/EMR between patients aged ≥80 years and <75 years was marginal (0.8%–2.5%), whereas that after laparoscopic (4.8%–5.9%) or open surgery (4.6%–9.4%) was large, except for pancreatic cancer (3.0%). Among patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic or open surgery, the proportion of unexpected readmission tended to be higher in patients aged ≥80 years than in the remaining younger patients (laparoscopic surgery 4.8% vs 2.3% (p=0.001); open surgery 7.3% vs 4.4% (p<0.001)). The postoperative mortality rate was <3% (<10 cases) across all ages and cancer types.ConclusionsIn ESD/EMR, postoperative ADL decline was almost the same between older and younger patients. Laparoscopic or open surgery is associated with increased rates of ADL decline in older patients, especially in those aged ≥80 years. The potential decline in ADLs should be carefully considered preoperatively to best maintain the patient’s quality of life postsurgery.
Development of quality indicators for the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections in general practice: a RAND appropriateness method
Authors: Saust Laura Trolle , Siersma Volkert Dirk , Bjerrum Lars , Hansen Malene Plejdrup 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo develop a set of quality indicators for the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of adult patients with suspected urinary tract infections in general practice.DesignA Research and Development/University of California Los Angeles appropriateness method was used.SettingDanish general practice.SubjectsA panel of nine experts, mainly general practitioners, was asked to rate the relevance of 27 preliminary quality indicators. The set of indicators was based on the most recent Danish guidelines for the management of patients with suspected urinary tract infection. An online meeting was held to resolve misinterpretations and achieve consensus.Main outcome measuresThe experts were asked to rate the indicators on a nine-point Likert scale. Consensus of appropriateness was reached if the overall panel median rating was 7–9 with agreement. Agreement was defined as: no more than one expert rated the indicator outside the three-point region (1–3, 4–6 and 7–9) containing the median.ResultsA total of 23 of the 27 proposed quality indicators attained consensus. One additional indicator was proposed by the panel of experts, leading to a final set of 24 quality indicators. All indicators focusing on the diagnostic process achieved consensus of appropriateness, while the experts agreed on three quarters of the proposed quality indicators concerning either the treatment decision or the choice of antibiotics.ConclusionThis set of quality indicators may be used to strengthen general practice’s focus on the management of patients with a possible urinary tract infection and to identify potential quality problems.
Registry-based study in people with cystic fibrosis and anR117Hvariant treated with ivacaftor
Authors: Higgins Mark , Farietta Thalia , Campbell Daniel , Liu Meng , Ostrenga Josh , Elbert Alexander , Shih Judy , Volkova Nataliya 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundIvacaftor approval was extended to people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and anR117Hvariant in 2014 in the USA. This observational, real-world, postapproval study evaluated long-term outcomes among people with CF and anR117Hvariant on ivacaftor using data from the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry.MethodsKey outcomes were evaluated in ivacaftor-treated people with CF and anR117Hvariant for up to 36 months before and after treatment initiation using within-group comparisons. Analyses were descriptive in nature, focused on evaluation of observed outcome patterns over time and were performed both overall and for age groups ≥2 to <6 years, ≥6 to <18 years and ≥18 years. Key outcomes included lung function, body mass index (BMI), pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) and hospitalisations.ResultsThe ivacaftor cohort included 369 people with CF and anR117Hvariant who initiated therapy between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2016. During each of the 12-month intervals following treatment initiation, the mean observed percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV1) and BMI values were higher and the mean annualised number of PEx and hospitalisation events were lower than pretreatment values. Mean change in ppFEV1from pretreatment baseline was an increase of 1.5 (95% CI 0.8 to 2.3), 1.7 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.7) and 1.8 (95% CI 0.6 to 3.0) percentage points in the first, second and third years of treatment, respectively. Similar trends were observed in adult and paediatric subgroups.ConclusionsThe results support the clinical effectiveness of ivacaftor in people with CF and anR117Hvariant, including adult and paediatric subgroups.
Small Gene Networks Delineate Immune Cell States and Characterize Immunotherapy Response in Melanoma
Authors: Egan Donagh , Kreileder Martina , Nabhan Myriam , Iglesias-Martinez Luis F. , Dovedi Simon J. , Valge-Archer Viia , Grover Amit , Wilkinson Robert W. , Slidel Timothy , Bendtsen Claus , Barrett Ian P. , Brennan Donal J. , Kolch Walter , Zhernovkov Vadim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Single-cell technologies have elucidated mechanisms responsible for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response, but are not amenable to a clinical diagnostic setting. In contrast, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is now routine for research and clinical applications. Our workflow uses transcription factor (TF)–directed coexpression networks (regulons) inferred from single-cell RNA-seq data to deconvolute immune functional states from bulk RNA-seq data. Regulons preserve the phenotypic variation in CD45+ immune cells from metastatic melanoma samples (n = 19, discovery dataset) treated with ICIs, despite reducing dimensionality by &gt;100-fold. Four cell states, termed exhausted T cells, monocyte lineage cells, memory T cells, and B cells were associated with therapy response, and were characterized by differentially active and cell state–specific regulons. Clustering of bulk RNA-seq melanoma samples from four independent studies (n = 209, validation dataset) according to regulon-inferred scores identified four groups with significantly different response outcomes (P &lt; 0.001). An intercellular link was established between exhausted T cells and monocyte lineage cells, whereby their cell numbers were correlated, and exhausted T cells predicted prognosis as a function of monocyte lineage cell number. The ligand–receptor expression analysis suggested that monocyte lineage cells drive exhausted T cells into terminal exhaustion through programs that regulate antigen presentation, chronic inflammation, and negative costimulation. Together, our results demonstrate how regulon-based characterization of cell states provide robust and functionally informative markers that can deconvolve bulk RNA-seq data to identify ICI responders.
Hypoxia-Preconditioned Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Cerebral Collateral Circulation and Stroke Outcome in Mice
Authors: Tian Hao , Yang Xinxuan , Zhao Jiahui , Liu Xiran , Liu Xin , Cai Yuan , Wehbe Alexandra , Ding Yuchuan , Yu Shanping , Wei Ling , Liu Liping 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Adequate collateral circulation can remarkably improve patient prognoses for patients experiencing ischemic stroke. Hypoxic preconditioning enhances the regenerative properties of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Rabep2 (RAB GTPase binding effector protein 2) is a key protein in collateral remodeling. We investigated whether BMSCs and hypoxia-preconditioned BMSCs (H-BMSCs) augment collateral circulation poststroke, particularly through Rabep2 regulation.

Methods:

BMSCs or H-BMSCs (1×10
6
) were delivered intranasally in ischemic mice with distal middle cerebral artery occlusion at 6 hours poststroke. Two-photon microscopic imaging and vessel painting methods were used to analyze collateral remodeling. Blood flow, vascular density, infarct volume, and gait analysis were assessed to evaluate poststroke outcomes. Expressions of proangiogenic marker VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and Rabep2 were determined by Western blotting. Western blot, EdU (5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine) incorporation, and tube formation assays were conducted on cultured endothelial cells treated with BMSCs.

RESULTS:

BMSCs were more effectively transplanted in the ischemic brain after hypoxic preconditioning. The ipsilateral collateral diameter was increased by BMSCs and strengthened by H-BMSCs (
P
<0.05). BMSCs increased peri-infarct blood flow and vascular density and reduced infarct volume, gait deficits (
P
<0.05), and furthermore by H-BMSCs (
P
<0.05). VEGF and Rabep2 protein expression was increased by BMSCs (
P
<0.05), which was enhanced by preconditioning (
P
<0.01). Additionally, BMSCs increased Rabep2 expression, proliferation, and tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro (
P
<0.05). H-BMSCs enhanced these effects (
P
<0.05), which were annulled by Rabep2 knockdown.

CONCLUSIONS:
BMSCs increased collateral circulation and improved poststroke outcomes, through the upregulation of Rabep2. These effects were enhanced by hypoxic preconditioning.
Machine Learning for Ancient Languages: A Survey
Authors: Sommerschield Thea , Assael Yannis , Pavlopoulos John , Stefanak Vanessa , Senior Andrew , Dyer Chris , Bodel John , Prag Jonathan , Androutsopoulos Ion , de Freitas Nando 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ancient languages preserve the cultures and histories of the past. However, their study is fraught with difficulties, and experts must tackle a range of challenging text-based tasks, from deciphering lost languages to restoring damaged inscriptions, to determining the authorship of works of literature. Technological aids have long supported the study of ancient texts, but in recent years advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have enabled analyses on a scale and in a detail that are reshaping the field of humanities, similarly to how microscopes and telescopes have contributed to the realm of science. This article aims to provide a comprehensive survey of published research using machine learning for the study of ancient texts written in any language, script, and medium, spanning over three and a half millennia of civilizations around the ancient world. To analyze the relevant literature, we introduce a taxonomy of tasks inspired by the steps involved in the study of ancient documents: digitization, restoration, attribution, linguistic analysis, textual criticism, translation, and decipherment. This work offers three major contributions: first, mapping the interdisciplinary field carved out by the synergy between the humanities and machine learning; second, highlighting how active collaboration between specialists from both fields is key to producing impactful and compelling scholarship; third, highlighting promising directions for future work in this field. Thus, this work promotes and supports the continued collaborative impetus between the humanities and machine learning.
The *.* Group’s Contribution to the Development of Technological Art in Brazil
Authors: Moroni Artemis 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The author describes three interactive installations presented by the *.* Group from the turn of the 1980s to the 1990s. The first installation, Fractal Art, explored the fractal theme through various mediums, including images, music, sculpture, video, and photoelectric sensors. The second installation, Foreseen Variations, featured a robot performing a choreography with a dancer in an environment equipped with a camera and TV sets, allowing the audience to be immersed in a virtual performance. The third installation, Aurora Beings, was a continuation of the previous one, where young people could program a choreography for the robot and act as both artists and engineers within the environment.