bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Safety of Astragalus-Containing Chinese Medicine Combined with Western Medicine for Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qiu Tingting , Toumi Mondher , Zhang Shutian , Yang Xinli , Yan Dan 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
This study seeks to provide a thorough summary of clinical evidence comparing
the effectiveness and safety of combining astragalus-containing Chinese medicines with
Western treatments for T2DM.

Method:
A search was conducted across six databases for relevant studies from their inception up
to June, 2023. The combined results were reported as odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference
(SMD). The random effect model was used for statistical analyses. The Cochrane risk of bias
tool was utilized to evaluate the potential bias in the studies included. The overall quality of the
evidence was examined using the Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and
Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.

Results:
A total of 82 studies involving 9,238 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The results
showed a significant improvement in the FPG (SMD -0.98; 95%CI -1.23, -0.72), 2hPG (SMD
-0.94; 95%CI -1.13, -0.76), HbA1c (SMD -0.97; 95%CI -1.18, -0.75), HOMA-IR (SMD -1.07;
95%CI -1.47, -0.66), HOMA-β (SMD 0.84; 95%CI 0.38, 1.31), HDL (SMD 0.41; 95%CI 0.17,
0.66), LDL (SMD -1.17; 95%CI -1.62, -0.72), TC (SMD -0.83; 95%CI -1.06, -0.59), and TG (SMD
-0.93, 95%CI -1.20, -0.65) with astragalus-containing TCMs plus conventional therapy compared
to conventional therapy alone. The incidence of hypoglycemia (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.33
to 0.73) and gastrointestinal tract adverse events (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.77) was significantly
reduced in the combination group. Subgroup analyses based on the type of Western
medicines, type of traditional Chinese medicines, baseline glucose level, the duration of follow-
up, and the subtypes of disease all indicated similar results regarding the superior effectiveness
in the combination group. According to the GRADE assessment, the quality of evidence was
generally rated as low due to unclear risk of bias in the included studies, statistical heterogeneity,
and potential publication bias.

Conclusion:
Add-on therapy of astragalus-containing TCMs is generally more effective in ameliorating
glycolipid metabolism and improving insulin resistance. However, the clinical benefits of integrative
therapies need to be further explored in different subgroups of patients.
Antioxidant and Inhibitory Activities of Thai Banana Blossom (Musa ABB CV. Kluai “Namwa”) in Various Solvent Extracts against Skin Aging- Related Enzymes
Authors: Thongekkaew Jantaporn , Sribubpa Panuchnat , Khamhom Wipharat 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Recently, consumers have shown a widespread preference for skin care products and cosmetic preparations containing natural ingredients. As a result, many cosmetic brands are now offering more natural products, such as plant extracts that can be used for anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, and other cosmetic purposes. Extraction is crucial in ob-taining and separating bioactive compounds from plant materials.

Methods:
Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and inhib-itory activities of banana blossom (Msa ABB CV. Kluai “Namwa”) in various solvents against skin aging-related enzymes, such as collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase. Thai banana blossom (Msa ABB CV. Kluai “Namwa”) was extracted using four solvents of dif-ferent polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol) at 4°C for 72 hours. Further, enzyme inhibitory activities were assessed using a colorimetric assay.

Results:
The results indicated that the methanolic banana blossom extract had the highest content of flavonoids (1.82 ± 0.07 mg QE/g crude extract) and an EC50value of 142.02 ± 2.39 μg/ml in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Additionally, the most potent anti-collagenase and anti-hyaluronidase activities were observed in the methanolic extract with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.914 ±0.22 and 0.994 ±0.20 mg/ml, re-spectively. On the other hand, the methanolic extract showed no significant difference from the other solvents in terms of anti-elastase activity with an IC50 of 0.285 ±0.04 mg/ml.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the findings suggest that methanolic banana blossom extract could potentially be beneficial as a component in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations with antioxidant and anti-aging properties.
COMPARING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF PANDEMIC AND PRE-PANDEMIC HIGHER EDUCATION LEARNERS IN AN AD-HOC GRAMMAR COURSE
Authors: Zevallos Valdivia Maria Eugenia , Figueroa Navarro Enrique Gustavo 
Published: February 2025

This study intended to compare the academic achievements of two samples of pre-pandemic and pandemic groups within the context of an ad-hoc grammar programme, English Competency Course (ECC), administered at a university in Lima, Peru in 2018 and 2020. The thesis for this study sustained that the students who took part in ECC during the Covid-19 cohort of 2020 – delivered online – performed much better in terms of academic achievement than the ones who took the same course in 2018 in non-pandemic times. The data was treated through the non-parametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U test resulting in better performance for the pandemic group than for the pre-pandemic one. However, it was found that the former sample showed some degree of asymmetry, which questioned the conclusiveness of the test. This fact led to applying the bootstrap resampling method executing 10,000 Mood's median tests; the result was a 98.9% of significant p-values in favour of the pandemic sample. Consequently, it is claimed that on statistical grounds, the 2020 pandemic subjects proved to have attained a better academic achievement in English language learning than the 2018 pre-pandemic ones. In the light of the above results, some recommendations to obtain more valid results concerning the peripheral conditions in which university students learn the English language under online scenarios are provided.
THE EFFECT OF ICEBREAKERS ON UNDERGRADUATE LIBYAN STUDENTS' MOTIVATION AND WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN ENGLISH
Authors: Eragamreddy Nagamurali 
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to determine "how icebreakers affect Libyan undergraduate students' motivation and willingness to communicate in English". Pre and post-tests were administered to a single group as part of a pre-experimental study design. During the academic year 2023–2024, semester one, the study was conducted at the Faculty of Education, University of Sebha, Zuwila, Libya. Thirty students from the Department of English were chosen using a purposeful sampling technique. Interviews, observations, and questionnaires were used to gather data. According to the findings, icebreakers considerably raised students' desire and readiness to communicate in English. The study contributes to the field of teaching English by emphasizing how crucial icebreakers are to establishing a supportive learning atmosphere and encouraging communication skills. Prospective investigations have to concentrate on extended periods, cultural adaptations of conversation starters, and methods for reducing the Hawthorne Effect.
IT SPECIALTY STUDENTS’ PRAGMA-PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN KAZAKHSTANI ESP CLASSES
Authors: Zhaiykbay Kumis T. , Gaipov Davronzhon , Kulgildinova Tulebike A. , Ushurova Saadat M. 
Published: February 2025

The article focuses on the study of IT specialty students' pragma-professional communicative competence (PPCC) in Kazakhstan. The study aimed to identify students’ perception of ESP teachers’ performance and challenges in forming IT specialty students’ pragma-professional communicative competence. The study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, with both quantitative and qualitative data collected from 508 IT students and 36 teachers from four universities in Kazakhstan. A survey and focus group interviews were used to collect data on the students’ perceptions and teacher’s views of teaching ESP. After the students’ interview responses, the most commonly shared students’ perception of ESP teacher’s performance was divided into 4 items such as teaching method, content, teaching materials and assessment policy. Most of the students emphasize the need to improve the teaching methods and add sphere (IT) related topics into ESP classes since they found that teaching materials are not up to date and sphere (IT) related. The result of the analysis of responses on teachers’ view on teaching goals of ESP, it was revealed that teachers are aware of the importance of using major (IT) specific terms, topics, and activities in ESP classes to develop PPCC. However, they emphasize only general English goals as ESP teaching goals since there are some difficulties in incorporating ESP goals. They claim that class size, students' major (specialty) and level differences have a huge impact on incorporating the ESP goals. Therefore, they have to teach general English rather than ESP to their students. The significance of this paper is it provides insight into how Kazakhstani EFL teachers view the teaching goals of ESP and students’ perceptions of ESP in the formation of PPCC. The study leads to several educational recommendations. First, the university program should strengthen the focus on teachers' awareness of teaching goals of ESP and obedience of the ESP syllabus. Second, ESP classes should be divided into levels and spheres of different groups. Third, professional development programs should be arranged for all ESP teachers to enhance their ESP knowledge and support them with teaching materials.
The risk of refracture and malunion in children treated for diaphyseal forearm fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Husum Hans-Christen , Rahbek Ole , Gundtoft Per Hviid , Bang Hans Christian , Kold Søren , Rölfing Jan Duedal , Abood Ahmed 
Published: February 2025

Background and purpose: The optimal treatment modality for pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures is debated. While nonoperative treatment and closed reduction reduces the need for surgery and surgical complications, flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) may reduce refracture and malunion rates. We aimed to compare the relative risk (RR) of refracture and malunion between nonoperative, closed reduction (CR), and surgical treatment in children treated for diaphyseal forearm fractures.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of children treated for a primary diaphyseal forearm fracture over a 9-year period at 2 university hospitals. Risk of refracture and malunion in the year following the fracture across treatment modalities was assessed by a modified Poisson regression while adjusting for the age of the patient at the time of fracture.Results: We included 837 patients for analysis, of whom 4% were treated nonoperatively, 6% were treated with closed reduction, and 90% with FIN. Compared with FIN, the RR of refracture was higher for the nonoperative group (9.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.9–16.3) and CR group (2.5, CI 1.2–5.3). Compared with the FIN group, the nonoperative and CR groups had higher risk of malunion with RR of 15.3 (CI 11.0–21.4) and 8.5 (CI 5.8–12.5) respectively. Of those treated non-surgically, 84% remained without any surgery. In FIN patients, surgical revision due to infection was seen in 1.4% of patients.Conclusion: The risk of refracture and malunion in children treated for diaphyseal forearm fractures was significantly higher for closed reduction and nonoperative treatment compared with FIN treatment.
Resilient Communication Based on Game Theory and Decentralized Blockchain Technology for Manets
Authors: Baumgartner Maroš , Papaj Ján 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Resilient data transmission in mobile networks is one of the biggest challenges that researchers and research groups are addressing. In mobile multi-hop network environments, different types of routing protocols are used for data transmission and routing, however, in Fifth-generation (5G) network environments, it is necessary to route and transmit data using protocols and methods that can respond to the specific characteristics and requirements of a given type of network. To this end, we propose a resilient data transmission method based on game theory and decentralized blockchain technology. The proposed method provides routing in the network using communities of nodes that are formed based on previous experience and Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. From the experimental simulations and the achieved QoS parameters, it can be analyzed that the proposed model can be an alternative method for routing and communication in networks without infrastructure, especially in situations when the network is attacked by different types of attacks and the impact of inappropriate mobile nodes on routing and communication, respectively.
Evaluation of Quality of Slovak Language Use in LLMS
Authors: Dobeš Marek 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their growing support for languages beyond English. Despite this progress, the LLM ecosystem remains predominantly focused on English, particularly in key areas such as tokenizers and evaluation metrics. Traditional metrics like BLEU and ROUGE, designed for English, are less effective for languages with different linguistic structures, such as Slovak. This paper highlights the limitations of current metrics and the need for language-specific evaluation methods. The performance of three LLMs—Mistral 7B, Mistral 7B fine-tuned on Slovak, and Gemma 7B—was assessed using both human evaluators and automated evaluations by ChatGPT-4. Results show that fine-tuning on Slovak improves model performance, though errors in grammar and syntax persist. The study underscores the need for multilingual optimization and more inclusive AI evaluation tools to ensure effective language model performance across diverse linguistic contexts.
New horizons in dentistry and orthodontics with 4D printing technologies 4D printing and orthodontics
Authors: Bakkal Burcu , Topsakal Kübra Gülnur , Duran Gökhan Serhat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to explain the mechanisms of the four-dimensional (4D) printing technique and its potential applications in dental and orthodontic practice.

General Information
Rapid advances in science and technology have led to significant developments in production systems. Described as additive manufacturing or rapid prototyping, a positive innovation has been the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) printers in the 1980s. The technology quickly became popular because it allowed complex structures to be produced using less material compared to traditional manufacturing methods. Objects are designed in three dimensions using dedicated computer programs and 3D printed using materials such as composites, resins, metals, and polymers. Orthodontics has also benefitted from 3D printing in the fields of clear aligner treatment, indirect bonding using bracket transfer trays, dental modelling, and the production of guides for mini-screw and implant placement, as well as the manufacture of removable appliances. As 3D printers continued to evolve and new ‘smart’ materials were specifically developed, 4D printing techniques emerged. 4D printing allows objects, produced by 3D printers to change shape in response to stimuli, usually in the form of heat and light, thereby enabling the performance of specific functions. The objects can also self-assemble into larger structures without external intervention. The applications of 4D printing are expanding across a wide range of clinical fields.

Conclusion
4D printing is an evolving technology that requires further research. However, if integrated into dentistry, it holds great potential as an efficient printing method, similar to its applications in other fields.
The design of hybrid work for improved employee engagement and well-being: perspectives for HRD practice
Authors: Nagori Roopa , Lawton Natalia Rocha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although hybrid work has increased and is here to stay, organizations are still experimenting with the design and the appropriate interventions required. Evidence is emerging that the well-being and employee engagement of staff has declined in hybrid work and it is necessary to understand this as a critical priority for HRD professionals. This study explores the key factors influencing the design of hybrid work for improved well-being and staff engagement through a systematic synthesis of the literature involving 78 empirical, conceptual or theoretical studies. The study identifies five distinct factors followed by key propositions for practice that offer recommendations around the following areas: A well-equipped space with appropriate workplace and time flexibility, culture and leadership development through communication and collaboration mechanisms, allocation of jobs, and tasks to prevent stress and the networks and tools to promote staff collaboration. Adequate training and interventions to avoid technostress and burnout due to digital workloads are essential for improved well-being. The article draws on international evidence to propose guidelines for designing hybrid work models. However, most evidence comes from the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union. In the future, exploring other contexts and offering a more universal framework for hybrid work would be beneficial.
Northern German hotel employees’ expectations of employer inducements: Development of a context-specific Q-set
Authors: Rebehn Christian , Nichol Lynn , Bell Robin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The German hotel industry struggles with employee retention due to stressful working conditions and poor management. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the economic impact of a severe skilled labour shortage, making staff retention a top priority. This research explores the psychological contract of German hotel employees by exploring key aspects of the psychological contract; promises and expectations. It analysed job advertisements to uncover explicit and implicit promises perceived by employees, discussed with experienced hospitality professionals, and generated a list of 41 key expectations. The study reveals that employees prioritize the ability to plan their time and organize their personal lives over benefits like gym memberships and travel discounts. Four main themes emerged: reconciling work and personal life, professionalism, trust, and an engaging environment. Reliable scheduling and accommodating personal plans were the most important expectations. By incorporating these findings into managerial and HRD practices, such as appraisal interviews and onboarding as well as managerial training, hotels can better meet employee expectations, leading to more satisfied and productive staff. The findings indicate that HRM/D practitioners in the industry should engage in long-term career planning with their employees. This paper furthermore contributes to methodological literature on online focus groups and creation of Q Sets.
Detection of Influential nodes using Hybrid Deep learning methods in IIOT environment
Authors: Patil Lakshmi , Elngar Ahmed A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Influential nodes in an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment using Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm (BWO) integrated with Residual Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. In IIoT networks, identifying influential nodes is crucial for optimizing data transformation, minimizing latency, and improving overall network effectiveness. The proposed method leverages the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the Beluga Whale Optimization (BWO) Algorithm to optimize the parameters of an Recurrent Long Short-Term Memory (RLSTM) model, which is used to predict the behavior of nodes and identify key influencers within the network. The integration of BWO with RLSTM helps improve the accuracy of node predictions by dynamically adjusting the RLSTM’s hyperparameters based on the network’s evolving data. Extensive experiments conducted in a simulated IIoT environment highlight the performance of the proposed model in enhancing prediction accuracy, reducing computational overhead, and improving network efficiency compared to traditional methods. The results highlight the potential of this hybrid optimization technique for real-time applications in smart manufacturing, predictive maintenance, and other IIoT-driven sectors.
Enhancing Blockchain Framework Using Web3.0 for IoT Based Plant Disease Detection System
Authors: B k Jyoti , Nirmala R. , Gurumita G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plant diseases are considered as the major bottleneck for the farmers to monitor and diagnosis with the super intelligent methods. With the onset of Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things(IoT), predicting the plant diseases in early stages has given the bright light of hope to farmers for boosting the productivity of agriculture in which increases the country’s economy. But the current advances in the IoT-AI-driven data gathers data from the agricultural fields and integrates the strong communication system for the early prediction and diagnosis process. Though these intelligent drive systems have several advantages, these procedure have been suffering from the varied security challenges which accelerates an outcry for a cognitive systems in the form of data breaches and privacy problems. The protection of patient data remains a significant concern due to the sensitivity and value of healthcare information, especially when transmitted over the Internet. This has heightened the demand for secure systems to safeguard against data breaches and privacy issues. Similarly, in agriculture, security challenges have been addressed using Web 3.0 and Blockchain technologies, which are favored for their immutable and decentralized features. This research proposes an advanced Web 3.0 Ensemble hybrid blockchain framework to enhance authentication security within the agricultural sector. To improve the authentication process further, chaotic maps are used to generate highly dynamic hashes during the creation of genesis blocks, ensuring that all data is securely stored in the recommended approach. The framework was tested on the Ethereum blockchain using Web 3.0, with Python 3.19 as the primary programming language for developing various interfaces. The security strength of the framework was thoroughly assessed using NIST standard tests, and its robustness was compared with other blockchain models. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework provides stronger defenses against various attacks and surpasses varied approaches in terms of complexity and robustness.