bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Functional Role of Gamma Synchronization in the Retinogeniculate System of the Cat
Authors: Neuenschwander Sergio , Rosso Giovanne , Branco Natalia , Freitag Fabio , Tehovnik Edward J. , Schmidt Kerstin E. , Baron Jerome 
Published: June 2023

Fast gamma oscillations, generated within the retina, and transmitted to the cortex via the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), are thought to carry information about stimulus size and continuity. This hypothesis relies mainly on studies conducted under anesthesia and the extent to which it holds under more naturalistic conditions remains unclear. Using multielectrode recordings of spiking activity in the retina and the LGN of both male and female cats, we show that visually driven gamma oscillations are absent for awake states and are highly dependent on halothane (or isoflurane). Under ketamine, responses were nonoscillatory, as in the awake condition. Response entrainment to the monitor refresh was commonly observed up to 120 Hz and was superseded by the gamma oscillatory responses induced by halothane. Given that retinal gamma oscillations are contingent on halothane anesthesia and absent in the awake cat, such oscillations should be considered artifactual, thus playing no functional role in vision.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGamma rhythms have been proposed to be a robust encoding mechanism critical for visual processing. In the retinogeniculate system of the cat, many studies have shown gamma oscillations associated with responses to static stimuli. Here, we extend these observations to dynamic stimuli. An unexpected finding was that retinal gamma responses strongly depend on halothane concentration levels and are absent in the awake cat. These results weaken the notion that gamma in the retina is relevant for vision. Notably, retinal gamma shares many of the properties of cortical gamma. In this respect, oscillations induced by halothane in the retina may serve as a valuable preparation, although artificial, for studying oscillatory dynamics.
Gestión del conocimiento para el proceso de innovación en las organizaciones
Authors: Prada Vargas Carolina , Lima Wilma Edith , Vanegas Alfonso Olga Lucia 
Published: June 2023

Cada ciento de años a lo largo de la historia se ha producido una fuerte transformación, en cuestión de años la sociedad se reorganiza, su visión del mundo, sus valores básicos, sus estructuras sociales y políticas, sus estructuras de producción, existe un nuevo mundo, nuestra era es un período de transformación e innovación. En esta actualidad la transformación no se limita a la sociedad o a la historia occidental u oriental. Solo hay historia y civilización mundiales. En este contexto, el conocimiento es el principal recurso para los individuos y para la economía que conforman una organización o empresa, cuyo principal propósito es la integración de conocimientos especializados en un bien común, que facilita los procesos de innovación como un factor estratégico permitiendo la excelencia, valoración y reconocimiento internacional de una organización.
Es por ello que los procesos de innovación en las organizaciones toman relevancia por tener características propias y diferentes como lo son la información, los datos y conocimientos, así como su misma transformación, la vigilancia tecnológica y la misma tecnología, la prospectiva, la inteligencia competitiva y el mismo impulso de la creatividad en concepción de ideas y propiedad intelectual que en cualquier momento del proceso de gestión de la innovación estará influenciado por estos aspectos, contribuyendo a los nuevos modelos de negocios en las organizaciones.
Aunque los procesos de innovación son cambiantes e impredecibles son susceptibles de sistematizarse y organizarse mediante un sistema de gestión del a innovación basado en la aplicación de la metodología del mejoramiento continuo.
Los procesos de innovación interrelacionados con los avances vertiginosos del conocimiento han modificado el marco estrecho de la microeconomía, con modelos de negocio innovadores conectados con una Economía Basada en Conocimiento, a través de redes soportadas por tecnologías poderosas que influyen en las capacidades dinámicas que permiten a las organizaciones conectarse e identificar los tipos de clientes o usuarios para configurar la cadena de suministro que agrega valor y que permite monetizar en un bien común.
Por tal razón es cada vez más significativo la existencia de organizaciones que reconocen la importancia de la gestión del conocimiento y la gestión de la innovación como un factor primordial que permite la creación ágil y moderna de modelos de negocios exitosos, que generen valor, que sean rentables, que trascienden en el tiempo y marcan una huella profunda en un mercado globalizado, aun en entornos caracterizados por la incertidumbre, volatilidad, ambigüedad y complejidad.
Influence of electrochemically activated water on the physical properties and rheological indicators of meat pates
Authors: Marynin Andrii , Pasichnyi Vasyl , Shpak Vladyslav , Svyatnenko Roman 
Published: June 2023

The object of research is the physical properties and rheological indicators of meat pates with corn starch suspensions prepared with activated water. Among the components of the composition of drinking water and food products, there are many substances with particularly inherent biological activity. The biological activity of water is caused by increased electronic or proton activity. Today, various ways of changing properties of water are known, but the most promising reagent-free method is the electrochemical activation of water. As a result of electrochemical treatment of water with an electric current, its electrochemical characteristics change. As a result, electrochemically activated aqueous solutions (catholyte/anolyte) are obtained; the water is saturated with oxygen, accelerates the removal of metabolic waste and promotes the most complete assimilation of nutrients.
The research was aimed at determining the influence of activated water in the composition of starch suspensions on the physical properties and rheological indicators of meat pates with their content. Activated water affects the pH value of pates, which in the meat industry indicates the freshness and quality of meat raw materials and products made from them. Before pasteurization, the pH value for all samples was practically identical. That is, at the initial stage, activated water does not affect the acidity of pates. In the process of storage, the concentration of (H+) ions increases in pates, and the pH shifts to the acidic side. Water activity indicators of pates with starch suspensions on activated water gravitate towards the indicators of pates more than to the indicators of starch, the range for which is within 0.280–0.400. The dependence of the change in shear stress on the relaxation time of pates showed that regardless of the dosage of the starch suspension, the values of the shear stress of the samples on the catholyte in the time range 0–300 s are significantly higher than the values of the samples on the anolyte and tap water. This is explained by the ability of these samples, having acquired the necessary structure, to be less exposed to the external influence of deformation and to keep the structure more intact. The creep curves of all samples testify about the trimodal nature of the classical experimental creep curve. Thus, the electrochemical activation of water modifies the properties of corn starch and significantly affects the rheological indicators of meat pates containing it.
The obtained results can be used in the development of recipes for meat pates and their production at enterprises.
Synonyms Analysis of Nakaha and Zawaja in the Al-Qur'an
Authors: Toyibah Wardah , Viqie Ixbal Maulana  , Muhammad Fauzi  
Published: June 2023

This article aims to determine the different meanings of the Arabic words Nakaha and Zawaja through the analysis of several interpretations. This research uses a library research method, and the objects are both of the words mentioned in the Quran. Documentation method as a data collection technique. To analyze the data using the analysis of Miles and Huberman. The results of this study are in surah al-Baqarah verse 221 and Ad-Dukhan verse 54; the words Nakaha and Zawaja have the same meaning, namely marriage/married, but they differ in the use of the object. In surah al-Baqarah verse 221 uses the word al-Musyrikaat, while in surah Ad-Dukhan verse 54 uses the word Huurin 'In. The words Nakaha and Zawaja can not only be fixed in one or two chapters of the Quran because each word has its meaning depending on the context of the sentence used in each surah.

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى اكتشاف معنى نكح وزوج في القرآن الكريم من خلال آراء المفسرين التي أوردها في كتبهم. واعتمدت هذه الدراسة على المنهج التحليلي لميليس وحوبيرمان، وتم جمع البيانات بطريقة العثور على لفظ نكح وزوج في القرآن الكريم وفي كتب التفاسير. ونتائج هذه الدراسة هي في سورة البقرة الآية 221 والدخان الآية 54 وكلمتا "نكح" و"زوج" لها نفس المعنى أي "متزوج" ولكنها تختلف في استعمال المفعول به. حيث في سورة البقرة آية 221 تستخدم لفظ "المشركات" بينما في سورة الدخان الآية 54 تستخدم "حور عين". في الواقع، لا يمكن تثبيت لفظي "نكح" و"زوج" فقط في سورة واحدة أو اثنتين، لأن لكل لفظ معنًى خاصا به وذلك بالاعتماد على سياق الكلام المستخدم في كل سورة.
Comparative characteristics of cytokine regulation in patients with gastric diseases associated with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Sinyakov A. A. 
Published: June 2023

When the body is infected with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, a cytokine cascade is launched, which plays a key role in the progression of chronic inflammatory and destructive processes in the gastric mucosa. Thus, the secretion of a number of cytokines is stimulated, which in turn contribute to the attraction of immunocompetent cells and the development of inflammatory changes. However, hyperproduction of cytokines can lead to atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa and, as a result, degeneration into gastric cancer. Thus, the role of cytokines in precancerous conditions is ambiguous. On the one hand, they activate the immune response aimed at eliminating the pathogen. On the other hand, they themselves contribute to the progression of the disease.The complex clinical and laboratory study included patients: 60 with chronic gastritis (CG), 55 with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 50 with gastric cancer (GC, stage I-II, morphological variant – adenocarcinoma) and 60 – control group. The diagnoses were verified according to international and Russian recommendations and confirmed by laboratory and instrumental studies. All patients were comparable in terms of gender and age characteristics (p > 0.05). All patients had specific IgG to H. pylori. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the FRC KSC SB RAS (protocol No. 11 dated November 11, 2013). All ethical requirements were observed, and the patients signed the informed consent form for participation. Patients and persons of the control group underwent a single blood sampling from the cubital vein upon admission to vacutainers with heparin.The levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, TNFα, interferon-γ in the blood serum of patients and healthy individuals were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method using reagent kits manufactured by JSC “VectorBest”. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica for Windows 8.0 application package.All patients with H. pylori-associated diseases (CG, CAG, GC) showed an increase in pro-inflammatory (IL-2, IL-8, IFNγ) with a significant increase in IL-8 in all patients and IFNγ in gastric cancer and antiinflammatory cytokine (IL-4) with a maximum value in gastric cancer. A combined Th1 and Th2 is found – a mediated immune response with a maximum violation of cytokine regulation in gastric cancer.
Hukum Keperdataan dan Bisnis dalam Ruang Lingkup Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa
Authors: Suistianisa Indang Amadea , Lestari Ahdiana Yuni 
Published: June 2023

National development rests on the procurement of goods and services by providing maximum service to the community. The implementation of goods and services procurement activities has the objective of driving an economy based on the mission to grow decent and good jobs, as well as being able to increase foreign power in terms of vendors by increasing a growth chart in the economic sector. The implementation of the procurement of goods and services requires the role of civil law and business law aspects in supporting each of its activities, based on the existence of an agreement or contract in writing or not in writing, by fulfilling the conditions for the validity of the agreement contained in the Civil Code and Business Law. The formulation of the problem in this study focuses on aspects of civil law and business law based on their involvement in the E-Tendering process, so the purpose of this study is to determine aspects of civil law and business law based on their involvement in the E-Tendering process. This research uses normative juridical research methods. After conducting research, it was found that aspects of involvement in civil law contained agreements or contracts, while business law contained business principles and business competition law in bidding tenders for the procurement of goods and services.
Keywords: Procurement of Goods and Services; E-Tendering; Civil Law and Business Law
Evaluation of soft tissue chin thickness and lip thickness in different mandibular divergence patterns in Maratwada population-A cephalometric study
Authors: Jatania Archana , Pujari Kashibai , Tiwari Anurag 
Published: June 2023

To evaluate the soft tissue chin thickness using different points on lateral cephalogram. To evaluate the lip thickness using different points on lateral cephalogram. To find correlation between soft tissue thickness and lip thickness in different mandibular divergence patterns.: The sample size consisted of 120 lateral cephalogram of subjects who had not undergone orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalogram of 120 subjects was divided under 3 groups based on mandibular divergence into low angle, medium angle and high angle cases. The changes observed in three groups were assessed using the ANOVA test and Posthoc Bonferroni test.120 samples were collected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and cephalometric analysis was done. The correlation of the Mandibular Divergence and the soft tissue upper lip thicknessis statistically significant with a test value of 3.378 and a p value of 0.037. The correlation of the Mandibular Divergence and the soft tissue lower lip thickness is not statistically significant. The correlation of Mandibular divergence and soft tissue chin thickness at anterior part pog-pog is not statistically significant. The correlation of Mandibular divergence and soft tissue chin thickness at Angle of the chin Gn-Gn is statistically significant. The correlation of Mandibular divergence and soft tissue chin thickness at Inferior part Me-Me is not statistically significant.Soft tissue chin thickness was not uniform at all levels of chin.
АНТИКРИЗОВЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОСТІ
Authors: Кірдіна О. Г. , Українська Л. О. 
Published: June 2023

Проаналізовано сучасний стан і розглянуто основні проблеми функціонування залізничного транспорту. Встановлено, що в умовах посилення зовнішніх загроз, скорочення обсягів роботи і підвищення конкуренції на ринку транспортно-логістичних послуг залізнична компанія виявилася не в змозі забезпечити стабільне функціонування і її стале соціально-економічне зростання. Доведено доцільність провадження дієвої антикризової політики на залізничному транспорті. Відзначено фрагментарну активізацію процесів антикризового управління на залізничному транспорті, зокрема за рахунок створення Антикризового штабу з відновлення сталого функціонування АТ «Укрзалізниця». Виділено ключові ризики, які обмежують стале зростання АТ «Укрзалізниця» в умовах глобальної турбулентності та домінування системної кризи в галузі. Розкрито сутність антикризового управління на залізничному транспорті і його ключові особливості. Доведено необхідність формування дієвої системи адаптивного антикризового реагування на залізничному транспорті. Розкрито ключові напрями реалізації антикризових заходів на залізничному транспорті.
Luis Efrén Ríos Vega; Irene Spigno (dirs.), Fernando Gustavo Ruz Dueñas (coord.), Los derechos humanos en los tiempos de la pandemia Covid-19
Authors: Santiago Juárez Rodrigo 
Published: June 2023

Este artículo reseña: Luis Efrén RÍOS VEGA, Irene SPIGNO (dirs.), Fernando Gustavo RUZ DUEÑAS (coord.), Los derechos humanos en los tiempos de la pandemia Covid-19, Tirant lo Blanch, México, 2022, 262 pp.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUSINESS MODELS OF PROSUMERS WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Authors: Hilevych Kateryna 
Published: June 2023

The review of current models of renewable energy promoters in Ukraine focuses on consumer groups that use renewable energy sources, new business models and modern approaches to market regulation, which further affect the modernization of infrastructure in accordance with the requirements of the European Union and energy policy. The author analyzes the formation of tariff policy according to each business model and describes the impact of preferential tariffs in the functioning of the models. This article examines the impact of energy cooperatives and community energy communities, what value they bring to the transition to alternative energy sources, and how they can be developed through energy policy and regulatory frameworks. It has been shown that the management of energy cooperatives and communities during peak consumption periods can influence the balancing of the energy system. It has been found that business models of collective consumption in market relations expand the definition of self-consumption in many ways. The Tenant's Electricity business model involves some form of independent consumption of solar energy from photovoltaic installations in apartment buildings. The Private Grid or Microgrid model allows consumers and prosumers to experiment with different energy technologies that simultaneously maximize their own consumption and offer services to grid operators. It also shows a mechanism for covering electricity shortages through collective self-consumption, in which the local grid operator provides careful management of consumer meter data.
The presented 15 business models of prosumerism allow us to explore the ways in which some models can be advantageous compared to others by avoiding various components in the formation of retail energy prices, and by generating new revenues through flexibility. The possibility of schemes with the ability to "aggregate" the flexibility of consumers and use the flexibility of many small energy systems to meet the large needs of power system operators is identified. Examples of business models for collective consumers that benefit from energy efficiency and decarbonization of other energy sources, such as heat and transport, are presented. The paper also considers possible business models of prosumerism and schemes for the provision of energy services between the owners of renewable generation and the distribution system operator, transmission system operator, and other market participants. It is proposed to solve the problem of expanding prosumerism by conducting a comparative analysis of business models.
RELAP5-CFX COUPLING MODULE: TESTING ON SIMPLE THERMOHYDRAULIC MODELS
Authors: Onyshchuk Y. , Klevtsov S. 
Published: June 2023

The modern direction in the study of the safety of nuclear power plants is to ensure the maximum level of detail in process modeling with a satisfactory level of computational resources. One of the approaches of such task solving is the coupled use of special software with the required levels of detail, for example, systemic thermohydraulic codes with computational hydrodynamics codes.
This article describes the developed coupling module between the system thermohydraulic code RELAP5/Mod. 3.2 and the CFX computational hydrodynamics code, using an external explicit interfacing scheme without overlap, in which CFX acts as the main code and RELAP5 as the secondary one. The development of this module is part of the work on integrated coupled modeling of severe accidents and makes it possible to model the defining processes and phenomena that occur during a severe accident within the reactor vessel using the CFD model, and the elements of the reactor unit using the RELAP5 model with an acceptable cost of resources and with a high level of detail. To check the coupling technology, the module was tested on simplified models containing serially connected RELAP5- and CFD-models of horizontal pipes, as well as on a closed loop. In view of the further use of the interface module on a full-fledged model of the VVER-1000, testing is performed for three main interface types: "input flow", "output flow" and their combination "input/output flow" on a closed loop. After completion of the testing, the accuracy and credibility of the results of the coupled calculations was evaluated by comparing them with the results of autonomous RELAP5 calculations. Results of the tests calculations support the possibility of using the RELAP5-CFX coupling module on more complex and large-scale RELAP5 and CFD models.
DIODE EXCITERS OF A BRUSHLESS MEDIUM POWER SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
Authors: Galinovskyi O. , Reytskiy M. , Lenska O. 
Published: June 2023

The aim of the work is a comparative analysis of the parameters of the diode exciter of a brushless synchronous generator of medium power on the number of pole pairs of an auxiliary electric machine, the development of recommendations for choosing the number of pole pairs of an auxiliary electric machine and the design of the exciter.
An improvement of the automated method of electromagnetic calculation of the exciter of a brushless synchronous machine has been carried out. The diode exciters of a brushless synchronous generator with a power of 250 kW with the number of pole pairs p = 2 based on a three-phase bridge rectifier and an auxiliary electric machine of a synchronous type with different numbers of pole pairs are compared. At the first stage, a preliminary electromagnetic calculation of the auxiliary electric machine is performed, taking into account the initial value of the relative magnitude of the resulting electromotive force, the allowable values ​​of inductions in all sections of the magnetic circuit in in forced mode, the length of the magnetic circuit and the rotor winding support are determined. According to the results of the calculation of the rectifier model in the quasi-steel mode of operation, the relative value of the resulting electromotive force of the auxiliary electric machine is specified.
At the first stage, a preliminary electromagnetic calculation of the auxiliary electric machine is performed, taking into account the initial value of the relative magnitude of the resulting electromotive force, the allowable values ​​of inductions in all sections of the magnetic circuit in in forced mode, the length of the magnetic circuit and the rotor winding support are determined. According to the results of the calculation of the rectifier model in the quasi-steel mode of operation, the relative value of the resulting electromotive force of the auxiliary electric machine is specified pB = 4.