bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-rate and selective conversion of CO2 from aqueous solutions to hydrocarbons
Authors: Obasanjo Cornelius A. , Gao Guorui , Crane Jackson , Golovanova Viktoria , García de Arquer F. Pelayo , Dinh Cao-Thang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to hydrocarbon fuels, such as methane (CH4), offers a promising solution for the long-term and large-scale storage of renewable electricity. To enable this technology, CO2-to-CH4conversion must achieve high selectivity and energy efficiency at high currents. Here, we report an electrochemical conversion system that features proton-bicarbonate-CO2mass transport management coupled with an in-situ copper (Cu) activation strategy to achieve high CH4selectivity at high currents. We find that open matrix Cu electrodes sustain sufficient local CO2concentration by combining both dissolved CO2and in-situ generated CO2from the bicarbonate. In-situ Cu activation through alternating current operation renders and maintains the catalyst highly selective towards CH4. The combination of these strategies leads to CH4Faradaic efficiencies of over 70% in a wide current density range (100 – 750 mA cm-2) that is stable for at least 12 h at a current density of 500 mA cm-2. The system also delivers a CH4concentration of 23.5% in the gas product stream.
Seasonal catchment memory of high mountain rivers in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Gu Haiting , Xu Yue-Ping , Liu Li , Xie Jingkai , Wang Lu , Pan Suli , Guo Yuxue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRivers originating in the Tibetan Plateau are crucial to the population in Asia. However, research about quantifying seasonal catchment memory of these rivers is still limited. Here, we propose a model able to accurately estimate terrestrial water storage change (TWSC), and characterize catchment memory processes and durations using the memory curve and the influence/domination time, respectively. By investigating eight representative basins of the region, we find that the seasonal catchment memory in precipitation-dominated basins is mainly controlled by precipitation, and that in non-precipitation-dominated basins is strongly influenced by temperature. We further uncover that in precipitation-dominated basins, longer influence time corresponds to longer domination time, with the influence/domination time of approximately six/four months during monsoon season. In addition, the long-term catchment memory is observed in non-precipitation-dominated basins. Quantifying catchment memory can identify efficient lead times for seasonal streamflow forecasts and water resource management.
Cadmium, von Willebrand factor and vascular aging
Authors: Wang Xia , Starodubtseva Maria N. , Kapron Carolyn M. , Liu Ju 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVascular aging is a major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease. The aged blood vessels, characterized by vascular wall thickening and stiffening, are instigated by endothelial cell dysfunction induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a glycoprotein known for its role in coagulation, and plasma levels of vWF are increased with age. Elevated vWF promotes thrombosis, atherosclerotic plaque formation, inflammation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant associated with increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. At low concentrations, Cd activates pro-survival signaling in endothelial cells, however enhances intima-media thickness and atherogenesis. A non-cytotoxic dose of Cd also increases endothelial vWF expression and secretion in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying vWF-promoted vascular aging-associated pathologies and Cd-induced vWF expression. In addition, we propose that exposure to low-dose Cd is a risk factor for vascular aging, through elevation of plasma vWF.
Qubit-controlled directional edge states in waveguide QED
Authors: Pakkiam Prasanna , Kumar N. Pradeep , Pletyukhov Mikhail , Fedorov Arkady 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe propose an in-situ tunable chiral quantum system, composed of a quantum emitter coupled to a waveguide based on the Rice-Mele model (where we alternate both the on-site potentials and tunnel couplings between sites in the waveguide array). Specifically, we show that the chirality of photonic bound state, that emerges in the bandgap of the waveguide, depends only on the energy of the qubit; a parameter that is easy to tune in many artificial atoms. In contrast to previous proposals that have either shown imperfect chirality or fixed directionality, our waveguide quantum electrodynamics scheme achieves both perfect chirality and the capability to switch the directionality on demand with just one tunable element in the device. We also show that our model is easy to implement in both state-of-the-art superconducting circuit and quantum dot architectures. The results show technological promise in creating long-range couplers between qubits while maintaining, in principle, zero crosstalk.
Bismuth radical catalysis in the activation and coupling of redox-active electrophiles
Authors: Mato Mauro , Spinnato Davide , Leutzsch Markus , Moon Hye Won , Reijerse Edward J. , Cornella Josep 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRadical cross-coupling reactions represent a revolutionary tool to make C(sp3)–C and C(sp3)–heteroatom bonds by means of transition metals and photoredox or electrochemical approaches. However, the use of main-group elements to harness this type of reactivity has been little explored. Here we show how a low-valency bismuth complex is able to undergo one-electron oxidative addition with redox-active alkyl-radical precursors, mimicking the behaviour of first-row transition metals. This reactivity paradigm for bismuth gives rise to well-defined oxidative addition complexes, which could be fully characterized in solution and in the solid state. The resulting Bi(III)–C(sp3) intermediates display divergent reactivity patterns depending on the α-substituents of the alkyl fragment. Mechanistic investigations of this reactivity led to the development of a bismuth-catalysed C(sp3)–N cross-coupling reaction that operates under mild conditions and accommodates synthetically relevant NH-heterocycles as coupling partners.
Increasingly negative tropical water–interannual CO2 growth rate coupling
Authors: Liu Laibao , Ciais Philippe , Wu Mengxi , Padrón Ryan S. , Friedlingstein Pierre , Schwaab Jonas , Gudmundsson Lukas , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems have taken up about 32% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the past six decades1. Large uncertainties in terrestrial carbon–climate feedbacks, however, make it difficult to predict how the land carbon sink will respond to future climate change2. Interannual variations in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate (CGR) are dominated by land–atmosphere carbon fluxes in the tropics, providing an opportunity to explore land carbon–climate interactions3–6. It is thought that variations in CGR are largely controlled by temperature7–10 but there is also evidence for a tight coupling between water availability and CGR11. Here, we use a record of global atmospheric CO2, terrestrial water storage and precipitation data to investigate changes in the interannual relationship between tropical land climate conditions and CGR under a changing climate. We find that the interannual relationship between tropical water availability and CGR became increasingly negative during 1989–2018 compared to 1960–1989. This could be related to spatiotemporal changes in tropical water availability anomalies driven by shifts in El Niño/Southern Oscillation teleconnections, including declining spatial compensatory water effects9. We also demonstrate that most state-of-the-art coupled Earth System and Land Surface models do not reproduce the intensifying water–carbon coupling. Our results indicate that tropical water availability is increasingly controlling the interannual variability of the terrestrial carbon cycle and modulating tropical terrestrial carbon–climate feedbacks.
Axonemal structures reveal mechanoregulatory and disease mechanisms
Authors: Walton Travis , Gui Miao , Velkova Simona , Fassad Mahmoud R. , Hirst Robert A. , Haarman Eric , O’Callaghan Christopher , Bottier Mathieu , Burgoyne Thomas , Mitchison Hannah M. , Brown Alan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMotile cilia and flagella beat rhythmically on the surface of cells to power the flow of fluid and to enable spermatozoa and unicellular eukaryotes to swim. In humans, defective ciliary motility can lead to male infertility and a congenital disorder called primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), in which impaired clearance of mucus by the cilia causes chronic respiratory infections1. Ciliary movement is generated by the axoneme, a molecular machine consisting of microtubules, ATP-powered dynein motors and regulatory complexes2. The size and complexity of the axoneme has so far prevented the development of an atomic model, hindering efforts to understand how it functions. Here we capitalize on recent developments in artificial intelligence-enabled structure prediction and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the structure of the 96-nm modular repeats of axonemes from the flagella of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and human respiratory cilia. Our atomic models provide insights into the conservation and specialization of axonemes, the interconnectivity between dyneins and their regulators, and the mechanisms that maintain axonemal periodicity. Correlated conformational changes in mechanoregulatory complexes with their associated axonemal dynein motors provide a mechanism for the long-hypothesized mechanotransduction pathway to regulate ciliary motility. Structures of respiratory-cilia doublet microtubules from four individuals with PCD reveal how the loss of individual docking factors can selectively eradicate periodically repeating structures.
A broadband thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b
Authors: Coulombe Louis-Philippe , Benneke Björn , Challener Ryan , Piette Anjali A. A. , Wiser Lindsey S. , Mansfield Megan , MacDonald Ryan J. , Beltz Hayley , Feinstein Adina D. , Radica Michael , Savel Arjun B. , Dos Santos Leonardo A. , Bean Jacob L. , Parmentier Vivien , Wong Ian , Rauscher Emily , Komacek Thaddeus D. , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Tan Xianyu , Hammond Mark , Lewis Neil T. , Line Michael R. , Lee Elspeth K. H. , Shivkumar Hinna , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Nixon Matthew C. , Rackham Benjamin V. , Wakeford Hannah R. , Welbanks Luis , Zhang Xi , Batalha Natalie M. , Berta-Thompson Zachory K. , Changeat Quentin , Désert Jean-Michel , Espinoza Néstor , Goyal Jayesh M. , Harrington Joseph , Knutson Heather A. , Kreidberg Laura , López-Morales Mercedes , Shporer Avi , Sing David K. , Stevenson Kevin B. , Aggarwal Keshav , Ahrer Eva-Maria , Alam Munazza K. , Bell Taylor J. , Blecic Jasmina , Caceres Claudio , Carter Aarynn L. , Casewell Sarah L. , Crouzet Nicolas , Cubillos Patricio E. , Decin Leen , Fortney Jonathan J. , Gibson Neale P. , Heng Kevin , Henning Thomas , Iro Nicolas , Kendrew Sarah , Lagage Pierre-Olivier , Leconte Jérémy , Lendl Monika , Lothringer Joshua D. , Mancini Luigi , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Molaverdikhani Karan , Nikolov Nikolay K. , Ohno Kazumasa , Palle Enric , Piaulet Caroline , Redfield Seth , Roy Pierre-Alexis , Tsai Shang-Min , Venot Olivia , Wheatley Peter J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClose-in giant exoplanets with temperatures greater than 2,000 K (‘ultra-hot Jupiters’) have been the subject of extensive efforts to determine their atmospheric properties using thermal emission measurements from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer Space Telescope1–3. However, previous studies have yielded inconsistent results because the small sizes of the spectral features and the limited information content of the data resulted in high sensitivity to the varying assumptions made in the treatment of instrument systematics and the atmospheric retrieval analysis3–12. Here we present a dayside thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b obtained with the NIRISS13instrument on the JWST. The data span 0.85 to 2.85 μm in wavelength at an average resolving power of 400 and exhibit minimal systematics. The spectrum shows three water emission features (at >6σconfidence) and evidence for optical opacity, possibly attributable to H−, TiO and VO (combined significance of 3.8σ). Models that fit the data require a thermal inversion, molecular dissociation as predicted by chemical equilibrium, a solar heavy-element abundance (‘metallicity’,$${\rm{M/H}}=1.0{3}_{-0.51}^{+1.11}$$M/H=1.03−0.51+1.11times solar) and a carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio less than unity. The data also yield a dayside brightness temperature map, which shows a peak in temperature near the substellar point that decreases steeply and symmetrically with longitude towards the terminators.
MOSAIC - A Unified Trait Database to Complement Structured Population Models
Authors: Bernard Connor , Santos Gabriel Silva , Deere Jacques A. , Rodriguez-Caro Roberto , Capdevila Pol , Kusch Erik , Gascoigne Samuel J. L. , Jackson John , Salguero-Gómez Roberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite exponential growth in ecological data availability, broader interoperability amongst datasets is needed to unlock the potential of open access. Our understanding of the interface of demography and functional traits is well-positioned to benefit from such interoperability. Here, we introduce MOSAIC, an open-access trait database that unlocks the demographic potential stored in the COMADRE, COMPADRE, and PADRINO open-access databases. MOSAIC data were digitised and curated through a combination of existing datasets and new trait records sourced from primary literature. In its first release, MOSAIC (v. 1.0.0) includes 14 trait fields for 300 animal and plant species: biomass, height, growth determination, regeneration, sexual dimorphism, mating system, hermaphrodism, sequential hermaphrodism, dispersal capacity, type of dispersal, mode of dispersal, dispersal classes, volancy, and aquatic habitat dependency. MOSAIC includes species-level phylogenies for 1,359 species and population-specific climate data. We identify how database integration can improve our understanding of traits well-quantified in existing repositories and those that are poorly quantified (e.g., growth determination, modularity). MOSAIC highlights emerging challenges associated with standardising databases and demographic measures.
A labeled dataset for building HVAC systems operating in faulted and fault-free states
Authors: Granderson Jessica , Lin Guanjing , Chen Yimin , Casillas Armando , Wen Jin , Chen Zhelun , Im Piljae , Huang Sen , Ling Jiazhen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOpen data is fueling innovation across many fields. In the domain of building science, datasets that can be used to inform the development of operational applications - for example new control algorithms and performance analysis methods - are extremely difficult to come by. This article summarizes the development and content of the largest known public dataset of building system operations in faulted and fault free states. It covers the most common HVAC systems and configurations in commercial buildings, across a range of climates, fault types, and fault severities. The time series points that are contained in the dataset include measurements that are commonly encountered in existing buildings as well as some that are less typical. Simulation tools, experimental test facilities, and in-situ field operation were used to generate the data. To inform more data-hungry algorithms, most of the simulated data cover a year of operation for each fault-severity combination. The data set is a significant expansion of that first published by the lead authors in 2020.
Automated LVO detection and collateral scoring on CTA using a 3D self-configuring object detection network: a multi-center study
Authors: Bagcilar Omer , Alis Deniz , Alis Ceren , Seker Mustafa Ege , Yergin Mert , Ustundag Ahmet , Hikmet Emil , Tezcan Alperen , Polat Gokhan , Akkus Ahmet Tugrul , Alper Fatih , Velioglu Murat , Yildiz Omer , Selcuk Hakan Hatem , Oksuz Ilkay , Kizilkilic Osman , Karaarslan Ercan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe use of deep learning (DL) techniques for automated diagnosis of large vessel occlusion (LVO) and collateral scoring on computed tomography angiography (CTA) is gaining attention. In this study, a state-of-the-art self-configuring object detection network called nnDetection was used to detect LVO and assess collateralization on CTA scans using a multi-task 3D object detection approach. The model was trained on single-phase CTA scans of 2425 patients at five centers, and its performance was evaluated on an external test set of 345 patients from another center. Ground-truth labels for the presence of LVO and collateral scores were provided by three radiologists. The nnDetection model achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 98.26% (95% CI 96.25–99.36%) in identifying LVO, correctly classifying 339 out of 345 CTA scans in the external test set. The DL-based collateral scores had a kappa of 0.80, indicating good agreement with the consensus of the radiologists. These results demonstrate that the self-configuring 3D nnDetection model can accurately detect LVO on single-phase CTA scans and provide semi-quantitative collateral scores, offering a comprehensive approach for automated stroke diagnostics in patients with LVO.
Clustering of clinical and echocardiographic phenotypes of covid-19 patients
Authors: Shpigelman Eran , Hochstadt Aviram , Coster Dan , Merdler Ilan , Ghantous Eihab , Szekely Yishay , Lichter Yael , Taieb Philippe , Banai Ariel , Sapir Orly , Granot Yoav , Lupu Lior , Borohovitz Ariel , Sadon Sapir , Banai Shmuel , Rubinshtein Ronen , Topilsky Yan , Shamir Ron 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe sought to divide COVID-19 patients into distinct phenotypical subgroups using echocardiography and clinical markers to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease and its heterogeneous cardiac involvement. A total of 506 consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection underwent complete evaluation, including echocardiography, at admission. A k-prototypes algorithm applied to patients' clinical and imaging data at admission partitioned the patients into four phenotypical clusters: Clusters 0 and 1 were younger and healthier, 2 and 3 were older with worse cardiac indexes, and clusters 1 and 3 had a stronger inflammatory response. The clusters manifested very distinct survival patterns (C-index for the Cox proportional hazard model 0.77), with survival best for cluster 0, intermediate for 1–2 and worst for 3. Interestingly, cluster 1 showed a harsher disease course than cluster 2 but with similar survival. Clusters obtained with echocardiography were more predictive of mortality than clusters obtained without echocardiography. Additionally, several echocardiography variables (E′ lat, E′ sept, E/e average) showed high discriminative power among the clusters. The results suggested that older infected males have a higher chance to deteriorate than older infected females. In conclusion, COVID-19 manifests differently for distinctive clusters of patients. These clusters reflect different disease manifestations and prognoses. Although including echocardiography improved the predictive power, its marginal contribution over clustering using clinical parameters only does not justify the burden of echocardiography data collection.
Controlling fluidic oscillator flow dynamics by elastic structure vibration
Authors: Loe Innocentio A. , Zheng Tianyi , Kotani Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a design of a feedback-type fluidic oscillator with elastic structures surrounding its feedback channel. By employing phase reduction theory, we extract the phase sensitivity function of the complex fluid–structure coupled system, which represents the system’s oscillatory characteristics. We show that the frequency of the oscillating flow inside the fluidic oscillator can be modulated by inducing synchronization with the weak periodic forcing from the elastic structure vibration. This design approach adds controllability to the fluidic oscillator, where conventionally, the intrinsic oscillatory characteristics of such device were highly determined by its geometry. The synchronization-induced control also changes the physical characteristics of the oscillatory fluid flow, which can be beneficial for practical applications, such as promoting better fluid mixing without changing the overall geometry of the device. Furthermore, by analyzing the phase sensitivity function, we demonstrate how the use of phase reduction theory gives good estimation of the synchronization condition with minimal number of experiments, allowing for a more efficient control design process. Finally, we show how an optimal control signal can be designed to reach the fastest time to synchronization.
Enhancement of gallium nitride on silicon (111) using pulse atomic-layer epitaxy (PALE) AlN with composition-graded AlGaN buffer
Authors: Mansor Marwan , Norhaniza Rizuan , Shuhaimi Ahmad , Hisyam Muhammad Iznul , Omar Al-Zuhairi , Williams Adam , Mat Hussin Mohd Rofei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ability to configure the optimal buffer layer for GaN growth depends on the knowledge of relaxation processes that occurs during the cooling step while countering the tensile stresses due to the contrast of thermal expansion coefficient between GaN and Si(111) substrate. Here, we inaugurate the pulse atomic-layer epitaxy (PALE) AlN layer to reinforce the buffer layer to achieve a thick GaN epilayer which is crucial for high performance power devices. The characteristics of grown GaN on Si substrate based on PALE AlN thickness of 0 ~ 100 nm are investigated along with microstructural evolution between AlN NL and composition-graded AlGaN buffer layer. PALE AlN layer deposited with an optimum thickness of 50 nm and above was observed to exhibit a highly uniform coalesced GaN epilayer surface with root-mean square (RMS) roughness of 0.512 nm. The thickness of the PALE AlN layer substantially affected the crystallinity of the top GaN epilayer where the lowest value for symmetric (0 0 0 2) and asymmetric (1 0 -1 2) x-ray rocking curve analysis were achieved, indicating the reduction of threading dislocation density in the growth structure. Transition of the E2 (high) peak from the Raman spectrum shows that the strain compression in GaN epilayer is directly proportional to the thickness of the PALE AlN layer.
A tile model of circuit topology for self-entangled biopolymers
Authors: Flapan Erica , Mashaghi Alireza , Wong Helen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBuilding on the theory of circuit topology for intra-chain contacts in entangled proteins, we introduce tiles as a way to rigorously model local entanglements which are held in place by molecular forces. We develop operations that combine tiles so that entangled chains can be represented by algebraic expressions. Then we use our model to show that the only knot types that such entangled chains can have are $$3_1$$

3
1

, $$4_1$$

4
1

, $$5_1$$

5
1

, $$5_2$$

5
2

, $$6_1$$

6
1

, $$6_2$$

6
2

, $$6_3$$

6
3

, $$7_7$$

7
7

, $$8_{12}$$

8
12

and connected sums of these knots. This includes all proteins knots that have thus far been identified.