bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptanalysis and improvement of the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with hyper-encoding
Authors: Lin Jason , Tsai Chia-Wei , Yang Chun-Wei 
Published: January 2023

Recently, Cui et al. [Sci. China Phys. 62, 110311 (2019)] proposed a measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) scheme based on high-dimensional encoding to increase the channel capacity of each individual photon. A secret key is shared among two legitimate parties via the help of a dishonest third-party (TP). They claimed that the proposed protocol can improve the drawback of the low-key generation rate that existed in the past MDI-QKD schemes. However, this study pointed out a loophole during the security check of TP. That is, the two legitimate participants merely use the corresponding qubit pairs that are both generated in the diagonal basis for the discussion, which leads to a potential attack that not only allows TP to avoid the security check but also creates partial inconsistency of key bits for both communicating sides. Fortunately, this problem can be fixed by a minor correction of the protocol.
Evidence for Spinozan “Unbelieving” in the Right Inferior Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Bernhard Regan M. , Frankland Steven M. , Plunkett Dillon , Sievers Beau , Greene Joshua D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Humans can think about possible states of the world without believing in them, an important capacity for high-level cognition. Here, we use fMRI and a novel “shell game” task to test two competing theories about the nature of belief and its neural basis. According to the Cartesian theory, information is first understood, then assessed for veracity, and ultimately encoded as either believed or not believed. According to the Spinozan theory, comprehension entails belief by default, such that understanding without believing requires an additional process of “unbelieving.” Participants (n = 70) were experimentally induced to have beliefs, desires, or mere thoughts about hidden states of the shell game (e.g., believing that the dog is hidden in the upper right corner). That is, participants were induced to have specific “propositional attitudes” toward specific “propositions” in a controlled way. Consistent with the Spinozan theory, we found that thinking about a proposition without believing it is associated with increased activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus. This was true whether the hidden state was desired by the participant (because of reward) or merely thought about. These findings are consistent with a version of the Spinozan theory whereby unbelieving is an inhibitory control process. We consider potential implications of these results for the phenomena of delusional belief and wishful thinking.
Breaking the Spirit of Poverty in African Pentecostal Christianity
Authors: Ng’etich Elias Kiptoo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Poverty is one of Africa’s most intractable problems. Decades of deliberate and strategic socioeconomic policies have not yielded considerable concrete results to eradicate it. Upon succeeding the brutal colonial administration, the burgeoning African governments promised their citizens material well-being through socioeconomic development. A half century later the continent is perpetually witnessing a blatant betrayal of dreams. Just like the African governments that succeeded colonial governments, religious organizations continue to promise poverty eradication by divine means to their adherents, whose numbers keep exploding across the continent. The Pentecostal variant of African Christianity is particularly renowned for its promises of wealth, health, and prosperity through supernatural divine power: in the Bible, God has promised to deliver immense material goods to those who believe in Jesus Christ. The expediency of these promises to alleviate poverty and bring about social transformation is debatable. Some scholars argue that African Pentecostalism is an elaborately complex increase in religious activities devoid of social structural transformation, while others opine that it contributes positively to development. In asking whether African Pentecostal Christianity is a move toward or a distraction from development, this article broadly explores discourses on Pentecostalism and development in Africa. Arguably, in the endeavor to preach and live out the experiential power of the Holy Spirit, Pentecostal Christianity in Africa inadvertently plays a role in the broader ongoing development discourse. Although they do not view themselves as ‘religious’ or ‘religion’, Pentecostal churches’ attempts to make the teachings of Jesus Christ relevant to the mundane help individual believers cope with life’s stresses and vulnerabilities. However, it does not transform the social conditions that create problems for individuals. The liberating hope of African Pentecostal Christianity lies in theologically nuancing its discourses to meaningfully engage in global development discourses.
First-line Behavioral Health Treatment Prior to Stimulant or Alpha-2 Agonist Use for Preschoolers on Kentucky Medicaid in 2017
Authors: Davis Deborah Winders , Jawad Kahir , Lohr William David , Trace Marie , Le Jennifer , Feygin Yana , Jones Veronnie Faye 
Published: January 2023

Objective: We aimed to assess the degree to which the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) clinical guidelines were followed when treating attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschoolers. Method: Using Medicaid claims for children 4 to 5 years of age receiving their first dose of stimulants/alpha-2 agonists in 2017 ( n = 836), we determined if BH was received prior to initiation of medication. We examined predictors after controlling for confounders. Results: More than half the sample did not receive first-line BH, which did not differ by demographics. Those receiving BH prior to medication had a higher rate of receiving an ADHD diagnosis. Only three diagnoses were significant in multivariate (OR 13.8, 95% CI [1.7–115.1]) analyses. Conclusion: More than half the sample did not, conservatively, meet the AAP clinical recommendations. Further research is needed to identify targets for intervention. Limitations are noted.
Oxygenation index in the first three weeks of life is a predictor of bronchopulmonary dysplasia grade in very preterm infants
Authors: Chou Fu-Sheng , Leigh Rebekah M. , Rao Srinandini S. , Narang Arvind , Yeh Hung-Wen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The new bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) grading system was developed based on its correlation with long-term respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes and may provide better personalized prognostication. Identifying early-life predictors for accurate BPD grade prediction may allow interventions to be tailored to individual needs. This study aimed to assess whether oxygenation index (OI) dynamics in the first three weeks of life are a predictor of BPD grade.

Methods
A single-center retrospective study was performed. Generalized additive mixed modeling was used to model OI trajectories for each BPD grade subgroup. A multinomial regression model was then developed to quantify the association between OI dynamics and BPD grade.

Results
Two hundred fifty-four infants were identified for inclusion in the trajectory modeling. A total of 6,243 OI data points were available for modeling. OI trajectory estimates showed distinct patterns in the three groups, most prominent during the third week of life. The average daily OI change was -0.33 ± 0.52 (n = 85) in the No-BPD group, -0.04 ± 0.75 (n = 82) in the Low-Grade BPD group, and 0.22 ± 0.65 (n = 75) in the High-Grade BPD group (p < 0.001). A multinomial regression analysis showed the initial OI value and the average daily OI change both independently correlated with BPD grade outcomes after adjusting for birth gestation, birth weight z-score, sex, and the duration of invasive ventilation.

Conclusion
Early-life OI dynamics may be a useful independent marker for BPD grade prediction. Prospective studies may be warranted to further validate the findings.
Effects of a blended design of closed-book and open-book examinations on dental students’ anxiety and performance
Authors: Hong Sumin , Go Bokyung , Rho Jaehee , An Soyoun , Lim Cheolil , Seo Deog-Gyu , Ihm Jungjoon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
While closed-book examinations (CBEs) have traditionally been implemented in dental education, open-book examinations (OBEs) are being introduced for the purpose of acquiring higher levels of knowledge and promoting long-term memory. This study examines whether it is effective to use a blended assessment of CBEs and OBEs for dental students to reduce test anxiety and enhance academic performance.

Methods
Using a quasi-experimental research method, a blended assessment that combined CBEs in class and OBEs online was designed for a dental course. In 2020, when the pandemic was at its peak, student assessment was ineffective, and the 2020 cohort was omitted for our study; instead, two cohorts of predoctoral dental students (N = 178) enrolled in Restorative Dentistry in the spring semesters of 2019 and 2021 were included in the study. These students were informed about the experimental design, and they provided written consent for data collection, thereby voluntarily participating in the survey. Their self-perceived responses to open-ended survey questions on assessment methods were qualitatively analyzed.

Results
There was no significant difference in test anxiety between the CBEs and OBEs at the p-values of 0.001 in all items. Traditional and blended assessment showed a similar trend of lower scores in midterm exams compared to higher scores in final exams, thus discriminating against students’ performances. In particular, a low-achieving group was better predicted by a blended assessment. An analysis of the students’ self-perceived responses produced highly topical themes, including exam burden, learning effects, and fairness issues.

Conclusions
This study confirmed the feasibility of blended assessment that can be implemented in online and in-person educational environments. Moreover, it can be used as the groundwork to develop new models of assessment in dental education.
Validation of the CaReQoL asthma: a patient reported outcome measure for monitoring the perceived effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in adult patients with severe refractory asthma
Authors: Springvloet Linda , Triemstra Mattanja , Knottnerus Bart , Rolink Marlon , Heijerman Harry , de Boer Dolf 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe CaReQoL Asthma assesses the care-related quality of life outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation retrospectively in patients with severe asthma. The questionnaire comprises five domains (physical functioning; social functioning; coping with asthma; knowledge about asthma; medication).AimTo investigate construct and criterion validity of the CaReQoL Asthma, as well as its responsiveness and minimal important change (MIC), in comparison with other health measures (AQLQ, ACQ and FEV1).MethodsEighty three adults with severe refractory asthma filled out the CaReQoL Asthma at 6 and 12 months after a 12-week personalized multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation program in a tertiary asthma centre, either in Switzerland or The Netherlands. Construct validity and responsiveness were assessed by testing pre-defined hypotheses about associations with changes in AQLQ, ACQ and FEV1scores. Criterion validity and MIC was assessed using Global Perceived Effect (GPE). Factor analyses, Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman's correlations, paired t-tests and Student–Newman–Keuls tests were performed.ResultsCronbach’s alphas of the questionnaire domains ranged from 0.82 to 0.95. Good construct validity and responsiveness were found; 84% of the assessed correlations confirm pre-defined hypotheses and reflect both weak and moderate to strong correlations. Good criterion validity was also identified, with CaReQol scores discriminating better than other health measures between levels of GPE at 6 months post-rehabilitation. The MIC for the total score was estimated at 0.84.ConclusionThese study results suggest that the CaReQoL Asthma is a valid and responsive instrument and shows to be a comprehensive and tailored questionnaire for evaluating and monitoring outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with severe refractory asthma. In order to further substantiate the reliability and validity of the CaReQoL Asthma, as well as to monitor outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with severe asthma, it is recommended to use the CaReQoL Asthma in addition to other disease specific instruments.
Achilles enthesitis on physical examination leads to worse outcomes after 2 years of follow up in patients with ankylosing spondylitis from REGISPONSER-AS registry
Authors: López-Medina Clementina , Puche-Larrubia M. Ángeles , Granados Raquel , Ladehesa-Pineda Lourdes , Ruiz-Vilchez Desirée , Ábalos-Aguilera M. Carmen , Font-Ugalde Pilar , Collantes-Estévez Eduardo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Enthesitis represents one of the most important peripheral musculoskeletal manifestations in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). However, studies specifically evaluating Achilles tendon enthesitis and its impact over time are scarce. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of Achilles’ tendon enthesitis found at baseline during physical examination on the outcome measures after 2 years of follow-up in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods
This was an observational and prospective study conducted during 2 years of follow-up in the REGISPONSER-AS registry. Linear regression models adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), and anti-TNF intake were conducted to evaluate the association between the presence of Achilles enthesitis at baseline and the patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores at baseline. The impact of this feature on PROs over 2 years of follow-up was evaluated using mixed models for repeated measures adjusted for age, BMI, and anti-TNF intake.

Results
Among the 749 patients included, 46 patients (6.1%) showed Achilles’ tendon enthesitis during physical examination at the baseline study visit. Patients with Achilles enthesitis had an increase in the global VAS score, BASDAI, mBASDAI, ASDAS-CRP, and BASFI scores in comparison with patients without this feature. In addition, the mean global VAS, BASDAI, and ASDAS-CRP scores were significantly higher among patients with Achilles enthesitis over the 2 years of follow-up after adjusting for age, BMI, and current anti-TNF intake. The percentage of patients achieving ASDAS low disease activity (ASDAS < 2.1) after 2 years of follow-up was 15.9% and 31.5% for patients with and without Achilles enthesitis, respectively (p = 0.030).

Conclusions
In patients with AS, the presence of Achilles’ tendon enthesitis was associated with worse scores on the outcome measures after 2 years of follow-up, leading to a lower probability of achieving low disease activity.
Cu and As containing pigments in Zhejiang architecture polychrome paintings: a case study of degradation products of emerald green
Authors: Shen Ling , Wang Chenya , Zhang Jiachen , Cui Biao , Zhu Suimin , Mao Jianqiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The discoloration of pigments caused by deterioration may significantly alter an artifact's original pattern and design, which could have an impact on its intended meaning. The green pigments containing copper (Cu) and arsenate (As) in paintings are usually recognized as Emerald green or Scheele’s green and are also infrequently reported as cornwallite and lavendulan. Recent studies point out that lavendulan may be the degradation product of Emerald green but not a natural mineral. Overall, there are still relatively few cases of current studies on green pigment with Cu and As. The elemental composition and molecular structure of green minerals containing Cu and As are similar, so it is difficult to identify by Raman spectroscopy. The green pigment samples used in this investigation were taken from architectural paintings in the Wenchang palace and traditional Ziweishan dwellings. The composition of the paint samples was investigated comprehensively by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope observation, micro-X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) analysis. From the results of elemental distribution, the pigments mainly contain Cu, As, and Cl. The morphological results illustrated that the particles in these three pigments are rounded and granular, indicating the synthetic pigment is possibly emerald green. The characteristic vibrational peaks of the As–O, Cu–O and Cu–Cl bond were detected by Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy found the presence of oxalate salt. The XPS and XANES analysis results show that As valence is + 5. This study found that the green pigment samples are a degradation product of emerald green. The formation of this product is related to the preservation environment. The results of this work will provide information to understand the degradation processes of emerald green and be a reference for the identification of pigments containing Cu and As elements.
Culturomics- and metagenomics-based insights into the microbial community and function of rhizosphere soils in Sinai desert farming systems
Authors: Lian Wen-Hui , Mohamad Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy , Dong Lei , Zhang Ling-Yu , Wang Dong , Liu Lan , Han Ming-Xian , Li Shuai , Wang Shuang , Antunes André , Fang Bao-Zhu , Jiao Jian-Yu , Li Wen-Jun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The microbiome of the Sinai Desert farming system plays an important role in the adaptive strategy of growing crops in a harsh, poly-extreme, desert environment. However, the diversity and function of microbial communities under this unfavorable moisture and nutritional conditions have not yet been investigated. Based on culturomic and metagenomic methods, we analyzed the microbial diversity and function of a total of fourteen rhizosphere soil samples (collected from twelve plants in four farms of the Sinai desert), which may provide a valuable and meaningful guidance for the design of microbial inoculants.

Results
The results revealed a wide range of microbial taxa, including a high proportion of novel undescribed lineages. The composition of the rhizosphere microbial communities differed according to the sampling sites, despite similarities or differences in floristics. Whereas, the functional features of rhizosphere microbiomes were significantly similar in different sampling sites, although the microbial communities and the plant hosts themselves were different. Importantly, microorganisms involved in ecosystem functions are different between the sampling sites, for example nitrogen fixation was prevalent in all sample sites while microorganisms responsible for this process were different.

Conclusion
Here, we provide the first characterization of microbial communities and functions of rhizosphere soil from the Sinai desert farming systems and highlight its unexpectedly high diversity. This study provides evidence that the key microorganisms involved in ecosystem functions are different between sampling sites with different environment conditions, emphasizing the importance of the functional microbiomes of rhizosphere microbial communities. Furthermore, we suggest that microbial inoculants to be used in future agricultural production should select microorganisms that can be involved in plant-microorganism interactions and are already adapted to a similar environmental setting.
Prevalence and associated factors of modern contraceptive discontinuation among sexually active married women in Nigeria
Authors: Kupoluyi J. A. , Solanke B. L. , Adetutu O. M. , Abe J. O. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Contraceptive discontinuation for reasons other than the desire for pregnancy is associated with a high rate of unintended pregnancies leading to unsafe abortions, maternal morbidity and mortality. In Nigeria, little is known about modern contraceptive discontinuation using the calendar data.

Methods
A cross-sectional research design from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) women’s dataset was used to examine the prevalence and associated factors of modern contraceptive discontinuation among sexually active married women in Nigeria. A weighted sample size of 3,353 currently sexually active married or in union women who have ever used a modern contraceptive 5 years before the survey and with complete reproductive histories and are not sterilised or declared infecund was analysed. Data were analysed and displayed using frequency tables and charts, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression model at 5% level of significance.

Results
The prevalence of modern contraceptive discontinuation was 35.8% (1199) with 45.8% (549) of the women discontinuing using modern contraceptives while at risk of pregnancy. The most modern method discontinued was Injectables (25.2%) while the commonest reason for modern method discontinuation was because they wanted to become pregnant (36.1%). Associated factors of modern contraceptive discontinuation among sexually active married women in Nigeria were: marital duration (aOR = 3.0; 95%CI: 1.5–6.2), visitation to a health facility in the last 12 months before the survey (aOR = 0.6; 95%CI: 0.4–0.8), education (aOR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.2–3.4) and region of residence (aOR = 2.7; 95%CI: 1.6–4.7).

Conclusion
Modern contraceptive discontinuation among the study respondents was high. Region of residence, health facility visitation and marital duration were significantly associated with modern contraceptive discontinuation. The study suggests that health care providers should address the discontinuation of contraception through counselling, particularly among women who reside in the region of high prevalence of contraceptive discontinuation, short-term users as well as strengthen the use of contraception among those who are still at risk of becoming pregnant. Governments and stakeholders should also partner with private sectors to make health care accessible to women by bring health facilities closer to them to improve facility visitation.