bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of chemical control options against chestnut blight disease
Authors: Cheradil Andrea , Tarcali Gabor , Csüllög Kitti , Boukhili Mariem 
Published: March 2023

Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight, is a destructive Ascomycota fungal disease infecting European chestnut (Castanea sativa) and American chestnut (Castanea dentata) trees. On susceptible host trees, necrotic lesions (cancers) are caused by the disease on the bark of the trunk and branches. The disease leads to wilting and destruction of the chestnut trees.Protection against the pathogen is difficult. Biological control using hypovirulent strains of the pathogen is one of the best options, but its implementation requires a lot of preliminary testing, as well as compatibility between the virulent pathogen strain that infects the area and the hypovirulent strain used for treatment. Thus, this procedure is a rather complicated and slow process. Chemical control against the pathogen is not currently widespread, as its implementation is also difficult due to the large size of the trees and the nature of the forest-like plantations, and there are currently no available pesticides. At the same time, protection with chemical pesticides may be feasible in plantations in which the size of the trees allows for application (lower-sized trees or young plantations). Therefore, it is necessary to find fungicides that can be used effectively, which is the purpose of this experiment.In vitro efficacy of four chemical pesticides [Pictor (dimoxystrobin+boscalid), Amistar Sun (azoxystrobin+difenoconazole), Score 250 EC (difenoconazole), Cuproxat FW (tribasic-cooper-sulphate)] has been tested against Cryphonectria parasitica. According to the results of this experiment Score 250 EC and Amistar Sun were the most effective fungicides, given that they inhibited fungal growth even at the lowest concentrations of the test solution.
Autumn diet of European Hare (Lepus europaeus) in the Naszály hills
Authors: Benda Regina , Zsolt Biró 
Published: March 2023

The European Hare (Lepus europaeus) is an important but declining
game species in most of Europe and the availability of food is an important
limiting factor. We investigated the Autumn diet of hares in a small
orchard farm in Northern Hungary to determine what proportion of their food
was composed of fruits and protein rich fabaceous plants with the
expectation that fabaceous plants would be more important in the diet.
European Hare faecal pellets were collected on a single day, the entire
study area was systematically searched for pellets. Additionally, reference
samples were made of fruit and fabaceous plants collected on the study site
the same day. The diet was investigated using microhistological analysis
of the epidermis fragments found in the European Hare pellets. The diet was
separated into four categories: seeds, fruits, fabaceous plants and other.
It was also investigated if the number of pellets taken from different
droppings used for the analysis would have a significant impact on the
results. The distribution was tested using the Chi2 test and was found to
be insignificant, the results suggest for a study area of such small size
the number of pellets used to investigate the diet is not important.
European hare did not consume high amounts of fruit and fabaceous plants,
each only accounted for less than five percent of their diet and fabaceous
plants were not consumed in a significantly higher amount compared to
fruits on this farm area.
Examination of age distribution, time of birth and survival in a
brown hare population
Authors: Majzinger István , Farkas Péter 
Published: March 2023

Our research goal was to examine the (1) age distribution, the (2)
date of birth and the (3) survival rate of a brown hare population. Data
were collected between 2014 and 2016 in an agricultural region of Hungary.
We examined altogether 346 shot animals from the hunting bag.
(1) There was no statistical difference between the years 2014 and
2015 when examining the homogeny of the age distribution of the whole
autumn population. At the same time, age distributions between 2015-2016
and 2014-2016 can be considered to be different. The age distribution by
under one year old individuals in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 were different,
but it can be considered homogeneous between 2014 and 2016.
(2) Most of the young hares were born between March and July in all
three consecutive years, in detail: III-IV. 22%, IV-VI. 27% and VI-VII. 16%
(altogether 65%) of the whole offspring.
(3) The survival rate (lx) of the whole population was 0,55 in T1
period, and 0,45 in T2 by under 1 year olds, while in the group of 1-2
years old or older, it was 0,79 in T1 and 0,81 in T2. Examining the
survival rate of the two age groups, no significant difference can be seen
during the examined periods. Examined by age groups and sex, the survival
rate was 0,62 under 1 year old males in T1 period, while it was 0,37 in T2;
furthermore by the age group of 1-2 years old and older the survival rate
was 0,74 in T1, and 0,64 in T2. The survival among males were homogeneous
in the two years. The survival of females by under 1 year olds was 0,49 in
T1, while 0,54 in T2. By the age group of 1-2 years old and older, the
survival rate was 0,81 in T1, and 0,91 in T2. The survival of females
between the two years is homogeneous.
Benefícios da inserção da pessoa Idosa em Grupos de Convivência: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Silva Santos Pricila Rejane , Soares Pereira Analice Eugênia , Costa e Silva Susanne Pinheiro , Oliveira Fabiana Maria Rodrigues Lopes de 
Published: March 2023

O objetivo do presente estudo foi compreender os benefícios da inserção da pessoa idosa em grupos operativos de convivência no âmbito da Atenção Básica, descritos na literatura. Métodos: Revisão integrativa realizada através de levantamento bibliográfico utilizando periódicos indexados no Portal BVS e biblioteca eletrônica SciELO, a partir de descritores preestabelecidos, incluindo apenas artigos dos últimos 10 anos (2013 a 2022). Buscaram-se textos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol que tratassem do tema. Resultados: Após aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 10 artigos para integrarem a amostra, dos quais depreendeu-se que as ações de prevenção das doenças e promoção da saúde desenvolvidas nos grupos apresentam um baixo custo e alta efetividade, diminuindo a morbimortalidade, incentivando os vínculos e melhorando a saúde mental. Conclusão: Apesar da escassez de artigos, comprovou-se por meio da literatura os inúmeros benefícios que os grupos de convivência trazem para a vida da pessoa idosa, contribuindo para a melhoria da sua qualidade de vida.
Joanna Kuriańska-Wołoszyn, Joanna Rutkowska, Arkadiusz Wołoszyn, Kołysać się wśród fal... Wodniactwo w rekreacji – vademecum, Wydawnictwo Akademii im. Jakuba z Paradyża, Gorzów Wielkopolski 2021, ss. 108
Authors: Piotrowska-Wojaczyk Agnieszka 
Published: March 2023

Artykuł recenzyjny. Joanna Kuriańska-Wołoszyn, Joanna Rutkowska, Arkadiusz Wołoszyn, Kołysać się wśród fal... Wodniactwo w rekreacji – vademecum, Wydawnictwo Akademii im. Jakuba z Paradyża, Gorzów Wielkopolski 2021, ss. 108.
Bauprinzipen runischer Formeln
Authors: Schulte Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study offers a new typology of runic formulas in the corpus of the older runic inscriptions (up to AD 700). Its basis as defined in this paper is the minimal ›one-word formula‹ along with its diverse morpho-syntactical extensions. The approach taken in this study identifies ›one-word-formulas‹ such as alu or laukaR as the basic building blocks of runic formulaicity which can be extended in various ways. The typology thus established comprises 1. monolexemes consisting of isolated charm words, e. g., alu, 2. reduplication formulas, e. g., salu-salu, 3. twin formulas, e. g., līna laukaR, 4. alliterative non-twin formulas, e. g., rūnō raginakundō, 5. tandem formulas and further combinations of formulas, e. g., laukaR alu, and 6. disguised and distorted formulas, e. g., tua
, which probably can stand for alu. The methodological foundation of this overall classification lies in the linguistic and rhythmic-metrical principles that these formulas obey, not least Behaghel’s Fourth Law.
Evaluation of static responses for layered composite arches
Authors: Mahajan Valmik Madhav , Sharma Amit 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Layered composite materials are widely used across a variety of sectors, including the automotive industry, aerospace engineering, offshore, and various mechanical domains, because of their strong yet lightweight structures. Therefore, various emergent theories are available on the deformation of layered beams. The previous research studies are insufficient as they are based on deformation of layered composite and sandwich arches with simply supported (SS) end conditions. Therefore, it is a good opportunity for researchers to investigate the arches using exponential shear deformation and normal deformation theory. The leading hypothesis mainly adds to the research of bending for sandwich and layered composite arches adopting the exponential theory. The present theory does not require any shear correction factor to satisfy zero transverse shear stress condition at the bottom and top fibers of arches. Governing equations and associated end conditions are derived through principle of virtual work. Navier’s techniques used for sandwich and layered composite arches are SS boundary conditions subjected to uniformly distributed load. The results of the current study showed that the exponential normal and shear deformation theories may be used to evaluate static responses for layered composite and sandwich arches. The obtained results from the present theory are validated through the results available in published literature.
Cathine and cathinone disposition kinetics and neurotransmitter profile in several organs of rats exposed to a single dose of Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl. extract
Authors: Alamir Ahmad M. , Jeraiby Mohammed A. , Korashy Hesham M. , Shaheen Emad Sayed , Attafi Mohammad A. , Oraiby Magbool E. , Hakami Ahmed M. , Albeishy Mohammed Y. , Khardali Ibrahim A. , Juraybi Ismail A. , Alobaida Abeer A. , Attafi Ibraheem M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives

Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl. (Khat) is a stimulant plant that contains cathine and cathinone, which its abuses induce euphoria, alertness, and motor activity. Since the toxicokinetics of these substances remain unclear, this study was carried out to investigate the disposition kinetics of cathine and cathinone, the neurotransmitter profile, following a single dose of C. edulis extract in rats.

Methods
Twenty-four adult male Wistar albino rats (250–300 g) were randomly selected and divided into six groups of four rats each. All groups received a single oral dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight, and blood and tissue samples from the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney were obtained at intervals of 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 12, and 24 h. The cathine and cathinone concentrations were identified and quantified using ion trap ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-IT/MS). The neurotransmitter profile was detected using the quadrupole time of flight UPLC-QTOF/MS method.

Results
The lung, liver, and heart tissues attained the highest levels of cathine, while the highest level of cathinone was determined in the heart. Cathine and cathinone concentrations in the blood and heart peaked at 0.5 h. The concentrations peaked in the brain 2.5 h later, indicating that the heart had an immediate effect, whereas the brain had a longer-lasting one. They have longer half-lives (2.68 and 5.07 h, respectively) and may remain in the brain for longer durations (3.31 and 2.31 h, respectively). The neurotransmitters epinephrine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin were detected in a delayed, prolonged and organ-specific manner.

Conclusions
Cathine and cathinone were deposited in considerable concentrations in all tissues analyzed, with the highest Cmax in the lung and Tmax in the heart tissues but not in the brain. In addition, neurotransmitters such as adrenaline, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin were differentially detected in all tested samples in a organ-specific fashion. More study is needed to identify cathine and cathinone’s effects on neurotransmitter profiles. Nevertheless, these findings provided a further basis for experimental, clinical, and forensic investigations.
An areal typology of kin terms in the Nuba Mountain languages
Authors: Manfredi Stefano 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Despite the relatively large amount of linguistic and anthropological data on kinship terminologies in the languages of the Nuba Mountains, we still lack cross-linguistic studies attempting at reconstructing the areal history of this highly variable lexical field. This paper aims at comparing the formal and semantic features of kin terms across the languages of the Nuba Mountains in order to provide historical evidence for their transmission through inheritance or their possible diffusion via language contact. The comparative study surveys the kinship terminologies of 10 languages belonging to the three phyla attested in the Nuba Mountains (i.e. Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan and Kadu). In the first part of the paper, I analyze the morphosyntactic properties and functions of kin terms. By adopting a componential perspective of analysis, I then focus on the semantics of kin terms in the languages of the sample. The comparison eventually illustrates a high degree of typological variation whose origins can be traced back to the different genetic affiliations of the Nuba Mountain languages. It is also argued that matter and/or pattern borrowing can possibly occur in the domain of kin terms. However, language contact is less significant than shared sociocultural factors in triggering formal and semantic similarities across different kin terminologies. Above and beyond, the study intends to contribute to the ongoing debate on whether the Nuba Mountains constitute an ‘accretion’ zone and to point out some instances of micro-scale linguistic convergence between the languages of the region.
Restructured Niger-Congo gender systems as another type of concurrent nominal classification
Authors: Güldemann Tom , Fiedler Ines 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent research looks increasingly at languages with more than one system of nominal classification and first systematic typological assessments of so-called “concurrent noun classification” exist with a focus on cases involving classifiers and gender. We elaborate on this work by dealing with Niger-Congo languages that have restructured their inherited noun classification in a particular way. The inherited system entailing a strong parallelism between agreement-based gender and affix-based noun inflections shifted toward one where the gender system is reduced to an animacy-based opposition while nominal inflection maintains a considerable amount of original complexity with semantic criteria beyond those of the innovative gender distinction. While the phenomenon as such is not a new discovery, its typological relevance has gone unrecognized so far. We argue that such cases of restructured gender systems in Niger-Congo prima facie suggest themselves as candidates for a new type of concurrent noun classification, both from a synchronic and diachronic perspective. We present a detailed description of the phenomenon in the Guang language Gonja and determine whether or how it can be integrated in the available typology. We also survey its wider distribution and discuss some recurrent historical aspects of its emergence in the family.
Hochschild cohomology of symmetric groups and generating functions
Authors: Benson David , Kessar Radha , Linckelmann Markus 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this article, we compute the dimensions of the Hochschild cohomology of symmetric groups over prime fields in low degrees.
This involves us in studying some partition identities and generating functions of the dimensions in any fixed degree of the Hochschild cohomology of symmetric groups.
We show that the generating function of the dimensions of the Hochschild cohomology in any fixed degree of the symmetric groups differs from that in degree 0 by a rational function.
The effect of imagery on performance and level of self-criticism of athletes
Authors: Korim Veronika , Strnádelová Bronislava 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this research was to expand knowledge on the use of PETTLEP based guided imagery scripts, as a mental practice, for increasing performance and reduction of self-criticism in athletes. Imagery can serve not only as an accessory, but also as a replacement for part of the training process, as it has the potential to increase the athlete’s performance.

Methods
The research group consisted of 78 recreational CrossFit athletes who regularly work out and participate in group trainings. The participants were divided into three groups. The physical practice group trained two series of pushups, the imagery group, in accordance with the prescribed script based on the PETTLEP model, visualized these pushups and the role of the control group was to stretch before training. The intervention lasted 4 weeks, with a frequency of three times per week.

Results
The results showed that imagery is an effective tool for increasing the performance of athletes and in combination of with regular exercise can result in additional performance gains. There have been significant shifts in our study, in some subscales, specifically within groups. In the imagery group, it was namely the subscale of inadequate and reassuring self. In the physical practice group, the shift also occurred in the inadequate self-subscale and the hated self-subscale. However, after comparing these results with the other two groups, there were no significant differences.

Conclusions
The results confirm the potential of using imagery for increasing performance and reducing self-criticism.
Practical assessment and application of imagery techniques in esports
Authors: Brackette Caroline M. , Ayvazian Viken Alexander 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This paper highlights how the practice of mental imagery, which is effective in helping elite athletes enhance their performance for competition in traditional sports, is transferable to esports athletes.

Methods
This paper will provide an overview of a profile of esports athletes and the challenges they face, a tool to assess their level of proficiency with the successful use of mental imagery, and suggestions on how they might incorporate mental imagery into their preparation and competition routines.

Results
Esports athletes can benefit from using mental imagery to raise their level of performance and address any stressors or difficulties they might encounter during preparation and competition. Mental imagery is ideal to use as a foundational practice to improve other mental skills such as focus, self-regulation, positive self-talk, and resiliency.

Conclusions
Gamers who are interested in participating, or already involved, in esports would benefit from developing an individualized mental imagery plan and working with a mental performance professional to help them assess, develop, and evaluate their proficiency in the use of mental imagery skills and outcomes.
Pseudo noise sequence generator based on cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Kumar Rajiv 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An optical pseudo noise sequence generator based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed. The device consists of MZI and a feedback line. Operability of the proposed device is simulated for continuous wave signals of 1.5 micrometer wavelength. The simulated results shows that all possible sequences of four bit pseudo noise sequence can be generated using proper arrangement of the MZI structures. The operation is numerically analysed and simulated results are discussed. Moreover, various parameters affecting performance of the device are also discussed. The proposed sequence generator can be utilized for different applications in optical wireless communication technology.
Transfer learning convolutional neural network for weight classification in a plastic optical fiber
Authors: Vangety Nikhil , Dey Koustav , Roy Sourabh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work, a machine learning approach known as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been proposed for classifying several weights applied on a plastic optical fiber (POF) based on specklegram (speckle pattern) images. We have optimized the CNN model using various inbuilt Keras optimizers namely Adam, Adamax, Nadam, and RMSprop in the python programming language. The best classification accuracy is shown by the RMSprop optimizer with 76.1%. Further, we have achieved improvement in accuracy by employing a transfer learning approach on pre-trained models namely VGG-16 and VGG-19. The classification accuracies of 84.2% and 84.5% are obtained for VGG-16 and VGG-19, respectively. It implies that there is an increase in classification accuracy of around ∼8% after implementing transfer learning. In order to assess the efficacy of the transfer-learned models, we have investigated the surrounding external vibrations applied to a section of the POF at three different frequencies, namely, 10 Hz, 5 kHz, and 50 kHz. We found that the optimal classification accuracy (>70%) is obtained till 5 kHz, beyond which the value decreases drastically. This methodology can lead to the development of real-time, smart sensors for weight detection.
Molecular analysis of MKRN3 gene in Turkish girls with sporadic and familial idiopathic central precocious puberty
Authors: Kırkgöz Tarık , Kaygusuz Sare Betül , Alavanda Ceren , Helvacıoğlu Didem , Abalı Zehra Yavaş , Tosun Büşra Gürpınar , Eltan Mehmet , Menevşe Tuba Seven , Guran Tulay , Arman Ahmet , Turan Serap , Bereket Abdullah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Central precocious puberty (CPP) develops as a result of early stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The loss-of-function mutations in the Makorin-ring-finger3 (MKRN3) gene appear to be the most common molecular cause of familial CPP. We aimed to identify MKRN3 gene mutations in our CPP cohort and to investigate the frequency of MKRN3 mutations.

Methods
102 patients with CPP included. 53 of them had family history of CPP in the first and/or second-degree relatives. MKRN3 gene was analyzed by next-generation sequencing.

Results
Possible pathogenic variants were found in 2/53 patients with family history of CPP (3.8%) and 1/49 patient without family history (2%). A novel heterozygous c.1A>G (p.Met1Val) mutation, a novel heterozygous c.683_684delCA (p.Ser228*) and a previously reported c.482dupC (Ala162Glyfs*) frameshift variations were detected. The two novel variants are predicted to be pathogenic in silico analyses.

Conclusions
In our cohort, possible pathogenic variants in MKRN3 gene were detected in 2.9% of the total cohort, 3.8% of the familial and 2% of the nonfamilial cases, slightly lower than that reported in the literature. Two novel variants detected contribute to the molecular repertoire of MKRN3 defects in CPP. Classical pattern of paternal inheritance has been demonstrated in all three cases. However, the father of the patient 3 did not have history of CPP suggesting that the father inherited this variant from his mother and had phenotype skipping. Therefore, we emphasize that the absence of history of CPP in the father does not exclude the possibility of a MKRN3 mutation.
Quotation as an interface phenomenon
Authors: Härtl Holden , Schlechtweg Marcel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this introduction, we outline the notion of quotation and shed light on the question of how quotations and the different readings quotations adopt can be theoretically implemented with a particular focus on the semantic-pragmatic interface. We then present the individual contributions to this special issue and how they contribute new observations from various theoretical angles to the general issues revolving around the topic of quotation as an interface phenomenon.