bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Racial Disparity in Traffic Fatalities
Authors: Massenkoff Maxim , Chalfin Aaron 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Motor vehicle accidents kill approximately 40,000 people annually in the United States and are the second largest cause of preventable deaths after overdoses. In 2015, for the first time in nearly forty years, the rate of motor vehicle fatalities for Black Americans exceeded that of white Americans. By 2020, the gap in death rates stood at 34%, accounting for approxi- mately 4,000 excess deaths between 2014 and 2020. This paper is the first to document the emergence of this disparity. Using data on fatal traffic accidents from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the Centers for Disease Control and other administrative and survey data, we study the evolution of race-specific rates of fatal vehicle crashes. We document two potential causes: increases in time spent driving and drug use. Several other common causes of accidents, such as speeding and driving without a seat belt, do not exhibit race-specific increases.
Robust and Efficient Claim Retrieval for Online Fact-Checking Applications
Authors: Boland Katarina , Hövelmeyer Alica , Fafalios Pavlos , Todorov Konstantin , Mazhar Usama , Dietze Stefan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Understanding the veracity of statements is important when consuming information on the Web. Whereas fact-checking sites have provided a large corpus of already verified claims, matching a given utterance to already fact-checked claims remains a challenging task. Verified claim retrieval has been approached through a variety of different methods, among them approaches relying on supervised neural models. Whereas such models tend to perform strongly, they require significant training effort and their robustness towards unseen data distributions may vary heavily. Also, prior works demonstrate the capability of unsupervised models to provide state-of-the-art performance.In this paper, we assess established claim retrieval benchmark datasets and experimentally evaluate and compare different state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised methods with regard to performance, but also computational effort and run time. We show that unsupervised approaches outperform supervised ones with respect to robustness. While the best state-of-the-art method relies on supervised deep neural networks, its high computational costs make it difficult to use in online fact-checking applications. The best unsupervised method reaches a similar performance and meets efficiency requirements of online application scenarios due to low hardware requirements. Our experiments verify that, due to the nature of the task and data, the choice of pre-trained language models is more important than fine-tuning and that training supervised models on the target data may not be cost-efficient in online claim retrieval applications.
Exploring patterns of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic β-diversity variation of Neotropical small mammals in a highly fragmented landscape
Authors: Hannibal Wellington , Cunha Nicolay Leme da 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Diversity can be partitioned into several components and dimensions that are affected in different ways by habitat loss and fragmentation. However, these partitions and dimensions are rarely investigated in human-modified landscapes. In this study, we investigated different partitions (Hill numbers) and dimensions (taxonomic [TβD], functional [FβD] and phylogenetic [PβD]) of small mammal β-diversity in a fragmented landscape of central Brazil using a multi-scale approach. TβD was estimated considering rare, common and abundant species. Tolerance to disturbed habitat, assessed via the traits “habitat use”, “tail length” and “use of vertical strata”, and trophic guild, defined by “diet”, were used to estimate FβD. PβD was based on phylogenetic relatedness of the sampled species. The association between different partitions and dimensions of β-diversity and habitat and landscape attributes was investigated using Mantel tests. We found a significant positive effect of geographical distance on all partitions and dimensions of β-diversity. Canopy cover were positively associated with abundance-based TβD, FβD and PβD. While, forest area and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were associated with PβD and FβD, respectively. Our findings support the hypothesis that even in a highly modified landscape, small mammal’s β-diversity is determined by different environmental factors and geographical distance of forest patches. However, the relatively higher importance of distance appears to be related to dispersal limitation of this group.
Multi-layered CuO/SiO2 core-shell structure improves electrocatalytic CO2-to-n-propanol conversion
Authors: Wang Sha , Zhao Yingzhe , Zhong jiajun , Chen Zhongjun , Yang Yisen , Han Buxing , Cheng Yongxin , Li Meiling , Li Qian , Zhang Jianling 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to high-energy-density C3 product (e.g., n-propanol) is of great importance, but restricted by low selectivity and activity. Herein, we developed a novel CuO/SiO2 electrocatalyst, with multi-layered CuO as core and SiO2 layer as shell, for improving the CO2-to-n-propanol conversion efficiency. Such a unique structure can stabilize and confine C1 and C2 intermediates, favoring their full contact and carbon trimerization towards n-propanol formation. It delivered a n-propanol Faraday efficiency of 13.3% at -2.38 V with partial current density of 94.0 mA cm− 2 in flow cell. The mechanism for the electrocatalytic CO2-to-n-PrOH conversion over the CuO/SiO2 catalyst was investigated by in situ Raman spectra and attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectra.
NEDD4L-Sp1 ubiquitination inhibits GlyT1 to promote prominent hippocampal neuronal damage and apoptosis, leading to cognitive dysfunction in diabetic rats
Authors: Yang Tingting , Xu Yongjie , Zhu Liying , Xu Wen , Huang Changyudong , Li Haizhi , Wei Sijia , Wang Shuang , Zhang Yiqiong , Yang Huiru , Duan Yunfeng , Li Xing , Zhao Shuyun , Tang Lei , Pan Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction(DACD) is one of the neurological complications of diabetes, and it mainly involves the hippocampal region of the brain and affects the learning and memory functions of the body. There are many studies on the pathogenesis of DACD, but there is a lack of in-depth studies on the underlying molecular mechanism, which poses a great challenge to drug development. In this study, we focused on the molecular mechanism by which signal transduction by the glycine transporter GlyT1 participates in the development of DACD and systematically elucidated the processes of synaptic plasticity and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. The results showed that when neurons were exposed to a high-glucose environment, low levels of GlyT1 inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote neuronal apoptosis; additionally, GlyT1 regulated NMDR expression to regulate glycine concentrations in order to reduce synaptic plasticity. The transcription factor Sp1 bound to the GlyT1 promoter region and regulated GlyT1 expression, so we explored whether Sp1 expression was regulated by the protease-ubiquitin system, resulting in decreased Sp1 levels.In conclusion, In conclusion, our study systematically demonstrated the biological function and molecular mechanism by which GlyT1 participates in DACD development, elucidated the upstream and downstream mechanisms of GlyT1 regulation, provided reliable molecular targets for DACD treatment, and enhanced the understanding of the mechanism underlying DACD development.
Assessing Multi Mobile Agents in WSN with an Optimistic Approach for Cardinality Determination
Authors: Kashyap Nidhi , Upadhyaya Shuchita , Poriye Monika , Lalar Sachin , Aggarwal Shalini 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In distributed systems, information, resources, and services are spread across different sites or hosts. These sites serve as platforms for accessing the necessary resources and performing actions. The data is stored in various formats and levels of accuracy and reliability. This has led to the development of mobile agent technology, which enables the retrieval of valuable information from distributed systems even in resource-limited environments. Mobile agents migrate across the network, utilizing the computational resources of each host they visit, including CPU, file structure, and memory. Unlike traditional methods, mobile agents do not require a stable connection to migrate, allowing efficient access to distributed system resources. They contribute to saving network bandwidth, improving robustness, and enhancing fault tolerance in distributed systems. This research paper aims to characterize mobile agents and highlight their advantages. Mobile agents have a wide range of applications but also come with certain challenges. The paper focuses on the application of mobile agents in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and discusses the associated issues based on existing work. Additionally, it identifies the need for deploying multiple mobile agents in a WSN and proposes a method to determine the appropriate number of agents to reduce scalability complexities in terms of MA size.
Effectiveness and safety of biological and target synthetic drugs treatment for psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review with network meta-analysis
Authors: Montezuma Thais , Probst Livia Fernandes , de Oliveira Matheus Almeida 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:Psoriatic arthritis (PA) is a chronic inflammatory systemic arthritis that can result in loss of functional capacity and joint deformation. This systematic review assessed the effectiveness and safety of biological and target synthetic drugs for treating PA.
Methods: We searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the use of Adalimumab, Etanercept, Infliximab, Golimumab, Secukinumab, Certolizumab Pegol and Tofacitinib in the main general databases and clinical trial registers databases. The primary outcomes were ACR 50, PsARC, and serious adverse events. Two independent reviewers performed study selection and data extraction. Network meta-analyses were conducted using a random effects model and frequentist approach. The CINeMA software was used to assess the certainty of evidence.
Results: We included 33 RCTs (n = 11034). The results from the network meta-analysis for the ACR 50 at 6-months follow-up showed that all drugs were superior to placebo, with Secukinumab, Infliximab and Adalimumab ranking the highest (very low to high certainty of evidence). Regarding the PsARC (at 6-months follow-up), all drugs, except for Golimumab, were superior to placebo, with Etanercept, Infliximab and Certolizumab Pegol being the most effective drugs (very low to moderate certainty of evidence). There were no significant differences in the risk of serious adverse events between the drugs and placebo. Golimumab, Secukinumab, and Adalimumab ranked the highest for safety (very low to low certainty of evidence).
Conclusions: In conclusion, based on the balance between efficacy and safety, Secukinumab and Adalimumab appear to be the best options among the evaluated drugs for treating patients with AP.
Trial registration: PROSPERO: CRD42022315577
Estimating Hourly Surface Shortwave Radiation over the Tibetan Plateau by Assimilating Himawari-8 Cloud Optical Thickness
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Letu Husi , Dai Tie , Shi Chong , Lei Yonghui , Peng Yiran , Lin Yanluan , Chen Liangfu , Shi Jiancheng , Tian Wei , Shi Guangyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to reduce uncertainty in the estimation of surface shortwave radiation (SSR) in the presence of clouds over the Tibetan Plateau, a new cloud assimilation system is proposed which is the first attempt to directly apply the four-dimensional local ensemble transform Kalman filter method to assimilate the cloud optical thickness (COT). The high-resolution spatial and temporal data assimilated from the next-generation geostationary satellite Himawari-8, with the high-assimilation frequency, realized an accurate estimation of the clouds and radiation. The COT and SSR were significantly improved after the assimilation. The correlation coefficient (CORR) of the SSR was increased by 11.3%, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE) were decreased by 28.5% and 58.9%, respectively. These findings demonstrate the high impact and innovative application of this assimilation technique in numerical weather prediction.
Competing-risks model to predict prognostic factors for cause-specific mortality in patients with skin verrucous carcinoma based on the SEER database
Authors: Chong Siomui , Li Li , Ming Wai-kit , He Yong , Leong Nga Cheng , Chen WenHui , Zhao Qiqi , Lau Waichi , Deng Liehua , Lyu Jun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:
Applying a competing-risks analysis to data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we aimed to identify significant prognostic factors and evaluate the cumulative incidence of cause-specific (CS) death for skin verrucous carcinoma (SVC). The Cox proportional-hazards model, extensively employed in assessing survival trends and identifying prognostic indicators, has the potential to generate erroneous predictions. However, in the realm of clinical practice, there is still a lack of specific prognostic factors for cutaneous verrucous carcinoma, leading to disproportionate treatment. The insights derived from this analysis can serve as valuable guidance for clinical interventions
Methods:
The SEER database provided relevant data of patients with SVC. The reliability, precision, and logicality of estimations for cumulative incidence function (CIF) related to CS mortality and death from other causes at each time point were enhanced through the utilization of competing-risks analysis. In the univariate analyses, Gray's test and the CIF were used, while the multivariate analysis employed the Cox proportional-hazards model, CS, and the Fine-Gray model.
Results:
The study involved 656 eligible patients with SVC, with 332 deaths recorded: 115 attributed to SVC and 217 resulting from other causes. Univariate analyses revealed that variables such as differentiation grade, marital status, metastasis, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, age, surgery, the status of radiotherapy, and chemotherapy significantly influenced the cumulative incidence rates for events of interest (P<0.05). Marital status, AJCC stage, race, age, and surgery status, emerged as independent risk factors in the multivariate Cox regression. Based on the multivariate Fine-Gray and CS model analysis, age, AJCC stage, differentiation grade, and surgery independently served as key determinants affecting the risk of specific outcomes in SVC patients (P<0.05).
Conclusions:
The novel competing-risks model increased the accuracy of predictions by examining the cumulative incidence rate of cancer-specific mortality. Moreover, this approach is high useful in research for obtaining data such as the prognostic variables for SVC.
Growth of the brachial nerve plexus with reference to topographical relation of the medianus nerve ansa with the thoracic wall and shoulder: a histological study using human embryos and fetuses
Authors: Cho Kwang Ho , Kim Ji Hyun , Yamamoto Masahito , Hayashi Shogo , Murakami Gen , Rodríguez-Vázquez Jose Francisco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background There is currently no information on positional changes in the brachial nerve plexus during prenatal growth. The subclavian–axillary artery passing through the medianus nerve ansa is considered a good landmark for evaluating the height of the plexus.Materials and Methods We used histological sections from 9 embryos and 17 fetuses (approximately 6–15 weeks of gestational age) to identify the height of the ansa by referring to the level of the rib and the glenohumeral joint.Results The nerve ansa was usually (23 plexuses) observed at the level of the first and/or second ribs. However, it was sometimes observed above the first rib, at a distance equal to or more than an intercostal width (7 plexuses). In the latter group, the ansa was usually located below the glenohumeral joint. Thus, the joint was located higher than the first rib, although the upper extremities were in the anatomical position for all specimens. The left-right difference in the height of the plexus corresponded to or was less than the width of the first intercostal space. Despite the synchronized growth between the thorax and shoulder girdle, the brachial plexus showed a considerable variation in comparative height; the range corresponded to twice of an intercostal width. Whether the nerve plexus is located high or low is determined at an early developmental stage and is maintained during the later growth stages.Conclusions The high-positioned plexus might cause nerve injury at delivery, followed by a glenohumeral joint deformity because of the fragility without fixation in the thorax.
Evaluation of the relationship between microalbuminuria and glomerular filtration rate and hypertension in children with congenital and acquired solitary functional kidney.
Authors: GUZEL AYSE , CETIN NURAN 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: While children with solitary functional kidney (SFK) initially preserve their kidney functions with hyperfiltration and compensatory hypertrophy, they are at risk for the development of hypertension, proteinuria and renal failure due to kidney damage over time. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between microalbuminuria, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hypertension in children with congenital and acquired SFK.
Methods: The patients with renal agenesis and multicystic dysplastic kidney were in the congenital group. The patients who had kidney with no detectable function due to reasons such as vesicoureteral reflux, urinary tract obstruction and children who had nephrectomy due to trauma or tumor were included in the acquired group. Spot urinary miroalbumin/creatinine ratio, GFR and ambulatory blood pressure measurements were evaluated.
Results: The data of 59 patients with congenital SFK, 41 patients with acquired SFK and 26 healthy children were analyzed. No significant difference was found between groups in terms of creatinine and GFR values (p>0.005). The microalbumin/creatinine ratio in the acquired group was higher than the congenital and control groups (p<0.001). While office blood pressure measurements were similar between groups, the total mean and nighttime diastolic blood pressure values were found to be significantly higher in the acquired group than in the congenital and control groups (p<0.001). The prevalence of hypertension, diastolic hypertension and non-dipper state in the acquired group was higher than in the congenital group (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.003, respectively).
Conclusion: The patients with acquired SFK have a more risk of microalbuminuria and hypertension than congenital group.
An unusual Case of Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma mimicking Aspergillus with EGFR mutation, Including a Literature Review
Authors: Qian YingYing , Xu Xia , Li TianLang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare malignancy with strong invasion and high malignancy, and it contains epithelial cells and sarcoma or sarcoma-like components. Here we reported one case of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma in a 55-year-old COPD male who presented with wet coughing and hemoptysis, chest CT showed a mass in the left lung. According to tracheoscopy, the patient was initially diagnosed as Aspergillus, but was eventually corrected by histology and Immunohistochemistry of lung puncture specimens. In this study, we describe the diagnostic procedure, as well as chemotherapy and targeted therapy response in this pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma patient with EGFR mutation, and review relevant literature.
Annual mortality in population of patients undergoing cardiac implantable electronic device insertion: Retrospective observational study
Authors: Basiukiewicz Paweł , Pastwa Łukasz , Bakuła Elwira , Krzeminski Bartosz , Krzysztof Pujdak , Bednarski Janusz 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction: There is a group of CIED inserted patients with poor outcome. It is advisable to identify the population whose state of health immediately before the procedure is an additional risk factor for an unfavorable clinical course, because it may improve the prognosis and quality of patient care.
Objectives: The aim of the study was the isolation of risk factors for one-year mortality after the insertion of an electrotherapy device.
Patients and methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of medical records of consecutive patients operated on in the Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Cardiology Department of the Western Hospital in Grodzisk Mazowiecki (n = 477). Death within a year after the procedure of CIED insertion was established as the endpoint. The analysis included factors related to the procedure, clinical condition, course of hospitalization, and results of selected laboratory tests. Statistical analysis was performed using PQStat, version 1.6.8.
Results: Sixty-seven people died within a year of the procedure, which is 14.04% of the study population (n = 477). The multivariate logistic regression model revealed an independent risk factor for death within the first year after the procedure was CRP >10 mg/l (OR 4.01, 95% CI: 1.92–8.37, p <0.001).
Conclusions: CRP concentrations >10 mg/L on admission were the main determinant of the endpoint regardless of comorbidities and periprocedural complications. CRP admission concentrations should be addressed during periprocedural management, because this may reduce mortality.
The role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine as a potential epigenetic biomarker in a large series of thyroid neoplasm
Authors: Canberk Sule , Gonçalves Joao , Rios Elisabete , Póvoa Antonia A , Tastekin Ebru , Sobrinho-Simões Manuel , Uguz Aysun , Aydin Ozlem , Ince Umit , Soares Paula , Máximo Valdemar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cytosine modifications at the 5-carbon position play an important role in the regulation of gene expression, and its deregulation is considered a hallmark of cancer. Recent studies demonstrate that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) generated through 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) oxidation is significantly depleted in several human cancers. Although its role in tumour progression is still unclear, 5-hmC loss has been proposed as a marker of tumour malignancy. Concerning thyroid tumours, the literature is scarce, and the studies are sparse with a low number of cases and limited diversity of histotypes, not allowing robust conclusions. In this work, we evaluated the levels of 5-hmC, by immunohistochemistry, in a retrospective series of 318 thyroid tumours, including benign, low-risk, and malignant, classified according to the 4th edition of WHO, and we correlate its expression with demographic and clinicopathological features of the patients and tumours, aiming to verify whether 5-hmC levels can be used as a diagnostic or prognostic marker. Our data show a significant association between loss of expression of 5-hmC and extrathyroidal extension, invasive/infiltrative capsule status, lymphovascular invasion, bilaterality, multifocality, tumour malignancy, and an unprecedented link with oncocytic morphology. Additionally, in a subgroup of 183 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases, we also observed a statistically significant loss of 5-hmC in cases with TERT promoter mutations and distant metastasis. Our study evidences an important role for 5-hmC in thyroid tumourigenesis and indicates that 5-hmC levels have the potential to be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker.