bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International students and everyday multiculturalism: rethinking ‘connection’ through mundane sites of encounter
Authors: Mittelmeier Jenna , Huang Daian , Xu Limanzi , Ozturk Mumine , Healey Karen Broadhurst 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dominant narratives of international students in the existing literature paint them as ‘missing’ or living ‘in parallel’ to their local communities, predominantly through evaluating the composition of their friendship networks. In this study, we query whether the use of a new conceptual framework can provide alternative explanations for these deficit framings. Using the lens of ‘everyday multiculturalism’, we explore instead how (international) students encounter, enact, and engage with multiculturalism in their local communities in more micro ways through banal acts of daily living. This has been developed through interviews with 41 international and home students across four cities in Germany, using a photo elicitation method and centring narrative storytelling. This study finds that micro sites of encounter, such as rubbish bins and bus rides, are symbolised by students as meaningful spaces of multicultural encounter and learning. We further reflect on how everyday multiculturalism holds a dual function as a site of experienced xenophobia and racism, as well as spaces where stereotypes are confirmed. Together this highlights the value of alternative conceptual frameworks for critiquing deficit framings of international students’ connections to multicultural societies by highlighting how they are multicultural society.
Using global sensitivity analysis to quantify the uncertainty of root reinforcement in vegetated slope stability
Authors: Xian Jiantang , Zhu Jun , Leung Anthony Kwan , Wu Chenguang , Feng Song , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Variabilities of vegetation and soil cause uncertainty to the factor of safety (FoS) of unsaturated vegetated slopes, yet the significance of these variabilities on the uncertainty of FoS is unclear. This study aims to quantify the effect of the uncertainties of root reinforcement and soil hydromechanical properties to the uncertainty of the FoS.

Methods
The variance‐based global sensitivity analysis was adopted to evaluate how the variance of FoS of vegetated slopes can be apportioned by the variabilities of soil and root parameters. A copula theory was applied to model the correlation amongst the parameters.

Results
For slip depths shallower than 0.30 m, the major source of the variance of the FoS included the parameters that define root reinforcement, followed by the parameters of soil shear strength. The variation of transpiration‐induced soil suction had limited effect on the FoS variance under heavy rainfall. Taking into account the correlations amongst the parameters had minor influence on their contribution to the variance of the FoS.

Conclusions
We observed threshold slip depths, where the relative contribution of uncertainties in root and soil parameters on the FoS uncertainty underwent a transition. Root reinforcement for slips as deep as 0.60 m can provide reliable slope stabilisation effects.
Climate change impact on the viability of western sand lance during estivation in the Seto Inland Sea
Authors: Shibata Jun-ya , Sakai Yoichi , Nishijima Wataru 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The western sand lance (Ammodytes japonicus) is a valuable fishery resource in the Seto Inland Sea. Although it survives through summer by estivating, it faces the threat of population decline as seawater temperature increases at an alarming rate due to climate change. We applied data from meta-analyses and laboratory analyses to inform a climate-linked model of predicted survival to determine the impact of climate change on the persistence of A. japonicus through the end of the century. Our results suggest that the mortality rate of A. japonicus during estivation increases with elevated water temperature, and the initial condition factor at the onset of estivation is critical to the survival of estivating A. japonicus. Furthermore, our results indicate that climate change will pose serious challenges to the persistence of the A. japonicus population in the Seto Inland Sea in the twenty-first century if climate change mitigation measures are not implemented and the environmental conditions that promote accumulation of energy reserves in A. japonicus prior to estivation are not improved.
Zur Bedeutung von Feedback für das Belastungserleben von Schüler:innen vor und während des Distanzunterrichts
Authors: Obermeier Ramona , Lenz Sonja , Helm Christoph 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Konstruktives Lehrkräftefeedback erweist sich im Präsenzunterricht als förderlich für das Wohlbefinden der Lernenden. Auch für den Distanzunterricht während der COVID-Pandemie wird es als bedeutende psychologische Ressource zur Reduktion des Belastungserlebens vermutet. Feedback, das Schüler:innen an Lehrkräfte richten, hat ebenfalls Potenzial belastungsreduzierend zu wirken, wurde bislang im Distanzunterricht jedoch nicht erforscht. Um der Zunahme psychischer Belastungen der Schüler:innen während der COVID-Pandemie entgegenwirken zu können, kann eine regelmäßige positive Interaktion zwischen Lehrkräften und Schüler:innen besonders bedeutsam sein. Mixed-effects Modelle basierend auf einer Stichprobe von N = 1432 österreichischen Schüler:innen der Sekundarstufe zeigen, dass häufigeres Lehrkräftefeedback mit einer geringeren retrospektiv eingeschätzten Belastung von Schüler:innen während des Distanzunterrichts einhergeht. Die Möglichkeit für Schüler:innen, Feedback an Lehrkräfte zu richten, steht dagegen in keinem signifikanten Zusammenhang zu ihrem Belastungserleben. Die Studie unterstreicht die Bedeutung der Häufigkeit verschiedener Feedbackformen, die Lehrkräfte anwenden, für das Belastungserleben von Lernenden, nicht nur, aber besonders in herausfordernden Zeiten wie dem Distanzunterricht.
Probiotic characterisation of lactic acid bacteria isolated from pickles and their potential application as presumptive probiotic starter culture in cucumber pickles
Authors: Guney Damla , Başdoğan Miray Gizem Bingöl , Sengun Ilkin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditional pickles, analyse their probiotic properties, identify them and evaluate their potential use in the production of cucumber pickles. The majority of the isolates (65) demonstrated survival at pH 3.0, while only three isolates exhibited this ability at pH 2.0. All isolates were resistant to 0.3% and 1% bile salts and survived at 1.5% (v/v) NaCl. However, the majority of isolates exhibited survival at 10% (v/v) NaCl (73 isolates), phenol (0.4%) (64 isolates), and pepsin (81 isolates) and pancreatin presence (78 isolates). The majority of the isolates demonstrated susceptibility to antibiotics and exhibited antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, some isolates demonstrated limited proteolytic and β-galactosidase activities, with the limited proteolytic activity being particularly beneficial for contributing to positive sensorial properties in this study. Following the evaluation of the probiotic test results, selected isolates were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus, Levilactobacillus brevis, Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri and Pediococcus parvulus based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Cucumber pickles were then produced with presumptive probiotics (L. brevis T7, L. parabuchneri T10, L. plantarum T12, and P. parvulus T13) in both single and mixed cell forms, fermented for 15 days and stored at 4 °C for 5 weeks. The results demonstrated that cucumber pickles contained > 6 log CFU/g of presumptive probiotics at the end of fermentation. Sensory analysis results showed that cucumber pickles enriched with presumptive probiotics were acceptable compared to the negative control sample (spontaneously fermented). The findings also highlight the functional potential of the samples, with PS3 offering benefits for lactose-intolerant individuals and PS2 demonstrating antimicrobial activity. It is possible to offer cucumber pickles to consumers as an alternative probiotic product; however, further research is required to ascertain the viability of probiotics over an extended period.
Extracellular Matrix Alterations Due to Early-Life Adversity: Implications for Auditory Learning in Male Sprague–Dawley Rats
Authors: Mazi Aise Rumeysa , Karakoc Yunus , Demirtas Cumaali , Aykin Ugur , Yildirim Mehmet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of early childhood chronic stress on the development of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) and how alterations in the ECM following early-life adversity (ELA) affect auditory learning and cognitive flexibility. ELA was induced through a combination of maternal separation and neonatal isolation in male Sprague–Dawley rats, and the success of the ELA model was assessed behaviorally and biochemically. A cortex-dependent go/no-go task with two phases was used to determine the impact of ELA on auditory learning and cognitive flexibility. The effects of the ECM on cognition were tested via the enzymatic removal of the ECM. The molecular structure of the adult ECM was examined via immunohistochemistry. ELA impaired initial auditory learning but did not significantly affect cognitive flexibility. Hyase injection into the auditory cortex (ACx) restored initial learning. ELA rats display a reduced perineural net (PNN) and parvalbumin + cell density. Our findings reveal that ELA induces significant alterations in the ECM within the ACx, accompanied by impaired initial auditory learning. Although PNN density is already lower in ELA rats, degrading the ECM facilitates the repair of auditory learning. A reduced PNN number in ELA rats fails to enhance learning unless supplemented with Hyase injection.
Pornography Consumption Among Young People: An Assessment of Parents’ and Teachers’ Training Needs
Authors: Vall-Castelló Berta , Grané-Morcillo Jaume , Lloberas-López-de-Sepúlveda Elena , Aznar-Martínez Berta , Lorente-De-Sanz Judith , Baroncelli Letizia , Pauncz Alessandra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
In Spain and Italy, it is estimated that childrens’ first contact with pornography can occur before the age of 10 years. Minors in this position lack the emotional tools necessary to analyze pornographic content critically. However, many adolescents do not discuss issues related to sexuality with their parents or teachers because they feel embarrassed or perceive those figures as insufficiently knowledgeable. This study analyzed the knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of parents and teachers regarding young people’s internet usage and pornography consumption and their preparedness to discuss sexuality and pornography with their children or pupils.

Methods
The participants (N = 142) included 74 parents (52.1%) and 68 teachers (47.9%) who were from Spain (51.7%) or Italy (48.3%). Two ad hoc questionnaires were used in this research.

Results
Compared to parents, teachers attributed higher levels of pornography consumption to young people. Parents and teachers expressed similar views regarding the adverse effects of pornography consumption. Discussing pornography with children was identified as challenging by parents (more than 1/3 of whom had never discussed this topic) and especially by teachers (half of whom had never discussed this issue). Few parents and teachers had received training in these issues; this lack was especially notable among Italian teachers.

Conclusions
These results highlight the need to increase the training provided to parents and teachers in these areas to improve children’s satisfaction with sexuality education programs.

Policy Implications
It is necessary to develop child-focused sexuality education programs that involve parents and teachers and range beyond an adult-centered agenda.
Mining and industrial processing wastes of phosphate rocks in Egypt: potentiality of rare earth elements
Authors: Abou El‑Anwar E. A. , Rashwan M. A. , Abd El Samee M. A. , Belal Z. L. , Salman S. A. , Seleem E. M. , Abdelwahab W. , Abd El-Shakour Z. , Kamal M. , Ahmed A. S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Globally, Egypt ranked the eighth position in the production of phosphorus with about 5 million tons annually. Phosphate ore is considered one of the commonest sources of rare earth elements (REEs). Mining and industrial processes (beneficiation) of phosphate ore produce huge amounts of wastes in different sizes. The present study aims to evaluate the potentiality of the phosphate ore wastes as a source of rare earth elements (REEs). The study targeted some phosphate production sites in Egypt, including: Abu Tartur, West and East El-Sebaiya phosphate mines, in addition to the fertilizers factory in Assiut. The collected waste samples, during 2023, were analyzed in terms of mineralogical composition using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and chemical composition using XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence). The results of chemical analysis recorded the highest concentrations of Y, Ce, La, Nd, Sc, Sm, U, and Th in Abu Tartur waste samples, while the lowest concentrations were recorded in the fertilizers factory waste samples. These wastes contain higher concentrations of REEs than the Algerian and USA wastes. Furthermore, an enrichment of the mostly environmental hazardous elements As, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Se are detected in Abu Tartur and West and East El-Sebaiya. Thus, the wastes from the industry and mining processing of phosphate represented a vital economic source for the production of REEs. The use of wastes for production of trace and rare earth elements represents an economic and environmental add value for phosphate industry.
A systematic review of the transformation of Lake Beseka from brine to nearly fresh lake water
Authors: Abebe Yosef , Alemayehu Taye , Abebe Bizuneh Asfaw , Alamirew Tena , Teckola Beteley , Alemayehu Esayas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Anthropogenic and hydrogeological factors are detrimental factors on the then brine lake, Beseka. The lake is in a state of dramatic change in its nature. The aim of this systematic review is to identify knowledge gaps related to the change in water quality and its suitability for different uses. The study also assesses trends in Lake Beseka's (LB) water quality. Previously, it was believed that volcanic lakes were harmful to the environment and unusable for the welfare of humans, animals, and other living things. However, LB in Ethiopia is a special or uncommon case to leave doubt to this general believes. This assessment shows the rapid transformation of the lake’s waters to safer and usable one from its brine form. To evaluate the water quality of Lake Beseka, various parameters and techniques (indices) can be used. Between 1961 and 2021, the lake’s salinity decreased from 74100 to 2520 µS/cm (1,654 µS/cm in April, 2024). Other important Water Quality Index parameters that show sharp decline can be mentioned. Sodium content declined from 17,800 to 630 mg/L, chlorides declined from 5480 to 210 mg/L, and sulfates, declined from 4680 to 192 mg/L. Eutrophication-related lake issues are being evaluated. Large-scale water quality parameters demonstrate rapid alterations brought on by freshwater discharge into lakes, which may shed light on their use for livestock and crop production. Although it is not currently advised for use, it has demonstrated an unpredicted dilution trend and is getting close to the FAO standards. It is crucial to take into account options to lessen the effects of the adjacent Awash River by upgrading infrastructure and changing the lake's natural flow in order to address the issues with average water quantity. As a result, the Lake Beseka water source will continue to be a useful resource for many years to come. This study suggests that volcanic lakes, such as Lake Beseka, may be crucial in addressing future water security issues in the basin.
OMEGA-CATEGORICAL PSEUDOFINITE GROUPS
Authors: MACPHERSON DUGALD , TENT KATRIN 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We explore the interplay between

$\omega $

-categoricity and pseudofiniteness for groups, and we conjecture that

$\omega $

-categorical pseudofinite groups are finite-by-abelian-by-finite. We show that the conjecture reduces to nilpotent p-groups of class 2, and give a proof that several of the known examples of

$\omega $

-categorical p-groups satisfy the conjecture. In particular, we show by a direct counting argument that for any odd prime p the (

$\omega $

-categorical) model companion of the theory of nilpotent class 2 exponent p groups, constructed by Saracino and Wood, is not pseudofinite, and that an

$\omega $

-categorical group constructed by Baudisch with supersimple rank 1 theory is not pseudofinite. We also survey some scattered literature on

$\omega $

-categorical groups over 50 years.
The influence of cross-speaker code-switching and language ability on inhibitory control in bilingual children
Authors: Hansen Emily , Slawny Caitlyn , Kaushanskaya Margarita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prior work has yielded mixed findings regarding the relationship between language control and domain-general inhibitory control. Here, we tested the possibility that omnibus language ability would moderate the relationship between language control and inhibitory control in bilingual children. We tested 43 Spanish-English bilingual children (ages 4–5.92 years; 25 females). Children engaged in play-based interactions with their parent, and rates of cross-speaker switches (using a language different from one used by parent) indexed language control. Inhibitory control was measured via a non-verbal flanker task. Analyses revealed that higher frequency of cross-speaker code-switches was associated with better inhibitory control only for children with higher levels of language ability. For children with lower language skills, there was no association between switches and inhibitory control. These findings align with the literature linking cognitive control and language control in bilinguals and extend it to indicate that the strength of the language system constrains this link.
A Reliable Common-Sense Reasoning Socialbot Built Using LLMs and Goal-Directed ASP
Authors: ZENG YANKAI , RAJASEKHARAN ABHIRAMON , BASU KINJAL , WANG HUADUO , ARIAS JOAQUÍN , GUPTA GOPAL 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe development of large language models (LLMs), such as GPT, has enabled the construction of several socialbots, like ChatGPT, that are receiving a lot of attention for their ability to simulate a human conversation. However, the conversation is not guided by a goal and is hard to control. In addition, because LLMs rely more on pattern recognition than deductive reasoning, they can give confusing answers and have difficulty integrating multiple topics into a cohesive response. These limitations often lead the LLM to deviate from the main topic to keep the conversation interesting. We propose AutoCompanion, a socialbot that uses an LLM model to translate natural language into predicates (and vice versa) and employs commonsense reasoning based on answer set programming (ASP) to hold a social conversation with a human. In particular, we rely on s(CASP), a goal-directed implementation of ASP as the backend. This paper presents the framework design and how an LLM is used to parse user messages and generate a response from the s(CASP) engine output. To validate our proposal, we describe (real) conversations in which the chatbot’s goal is to keep the user entertained by talking about movies and books, and s(CASP) ensures (i) correctness of answers, (ii) coherence (and precision) during the conversation—which it dynamically regulates to achieve its specific purpose—and (iii) no deviation from the main topic.
The Addition of Felsic Sediments to the Lower Continental Crust During the Variscan Orogeny
Authors: Ringwood M. F. , Ortner S. E. , Rudnick R. L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLower crustal metasedimentary xenoliths (garnet‐sillimanite granulites) from the Bournac breccia pipe in the Massif Central, France, provide a robust example of sediments transported to depth and incorporated into stable lower continental crust during a collisional orogeny. Dates for detrital igneous zircon range from the Archean (up to 3,300 Ma) to the Devonian and record sedimentation prior to the onset of the collisional phase of the Variscan orogeny. Metamorphic zircon and monazite document the presence of the metasediments in the lower crust by ca. 330 Ma during the later phase of Variscan collision. Zircon and monazite crystallization continued within the lower crust until ca. 265 Ma, corresponding to a period of slow cooling following an episode of ultra‐high temperature (UHT) metamorphism that peaked at 313 Ma. Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry and GASP barometry applied to these samples record conditions of 0.63–0.77 GPa and 830–910°C, which correspond to Ti‐in‐zircon temperatures from the latter part of the Variscan orogeny and geotherms in excess of typical continent‐continent collisions. Rutile in these samples remained open to Pb loss until their eruption at ca. 11.6 Ma, providing an indirect date of the Bournac eruption. These rocks record the incorporation of felsic sedimentary material into the stable deep continental crust during a collisional orogen and their residence there for over 300 Ma. More broadly, the addition of sediments to stable lower crust contributes to changes in crustal composition and has significant implications for the heterogeneity of the deep continental crust, as well as overall crustal heat production and mantle heat flow.
Positioning the North China Block (NCB) in the Cambrian: Constraints From the Integrated Bio‐, Chemo‐ and Magnetostratigraphy
Authors: Jiao Wenjun , Li Yong‐Xiang , Yang Zhenyu , Yang Aihua , Chen Xi , Hu Chunlin , Du Shengxian , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Paleozoic paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the North China Block (NCB) are poorly constrained due to the polarity ambiguity of its early Paleozoic paleopoles. Here we present magnetostratigraphic results of two upper Cambrian limestone‐dominated marine successions in the NCB that span the Steptoean positive carbon isotope excursion (SPICE), a global carbon‐cycle perturbation concomitant with trilobite extinctions. Stepwise thermal demagnetization reveals three‐component magnetizations with the high‐temperature component being a primary remanence as substantiated with paleomagnetic and rock magnetic analysis. A composite polarity sequence across the SPICE is established for the NCB and is correlated with coeval polarity sequence of Siberia, allowing to assign a reversed polarity for the NCB during the SPICE. This inter‐continental correlation, together with paleobiogeographic affinities, supports a southern hemispheric low‐latitude location adjacent to the west of East Gondwana for the NCB during the late Cambrian, thus constraining further paleogeographic‐tectonic reconstructions around East Gondwana during the Paleozoic.
Optoelectronic array of photodiodes integrated with RRAMs for energy-efficient in-sensor computing
Authors: Pan Wen , Wang Lai , Tang Jianshi , Huang Heyi , Hao Zhibiao , Sun Changzheng , Xiong Bing , Wang Jian , Han Yanjun , Li Hongtao , Gan Lin , Luo Yi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rapid development of internet of things (IoT) urgently needs edge miniaturized computing devices with high efficiency and low-power consumption. In-sensor computing has emerged as a promising technology to enable in-situ data processing within the sensor array. Here, we report an optoelectronic array for in-sensor computing by integrating photodiodes (PDs) with resistive random-access memories (RRAMs). The PD-RRAM unit cell exhibits reconfigurable optoelectronic output and photo-responsivity by programming RRAMs into different resistance states. Furthermore, a 3 × 3 PD-RRAM array is fabricated to demonstrate optical image recognition, achieving a universal architecture with ultralow latency and low power consumption. This study highlights the great potential of the PD-RRAM optoelectronic array as an energy-efficient in-sensor computing primitive for future IoT applications.