bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved covulcanization and dynamic properties of millable polyurethane elastomer/natural rubber blends: Thermal pretreatment
Authors: Cen Lan , Du Binghua , Lv Guozheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMillable polyurethane elastomer (MPU) with polytetramethylene etherglycol as the soft segment, 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate extended with 3‐Allyloxy‐1,2‐propanediol as the hard segment, was synthesized. The vulcanization characteristic showed that MPU compounds and natural rubber (NR) compounds presented a mismatch in curing rates under the accelerator‐sulfur vulcanization system, with the former showing slower curing rates than the latter regardless of the curing temperature. A feasible thermal pretreatment process was thus used to modify the MPU compounds. The IR spectra showed that the peak intensity ratios of 1460–1600 cm−1 increased with increasing pretreated time, indicating the enhanced reactivity of the pretreated compounds (PMPU). Vulcanization kinetic results further confirmed that the pretreatment process facilitated the curing reaction, as the activation energies of the PMPU compounds were all reduced during the induction period, with the lowest value obtained for the sample pretreated for 2 min (PMPU2). PMPU2 was subsequently mixed with NR in various ratios and compared with the corresponding MPU/NR blend. Here improved covulcanization characteristics were observed for the PMPU/NR blends, which exhibited faster cure rates and higher crosslink density. In addition, higher mechanical properties were presented for these pretreated blends, with the tensile strength of PMPU2/NR vulcanizates increasing by 57.3%, 153.7%, and 49.1% when the blend ratios were 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75, respectively. In particular, the 75/25 PMPU/NR vulcanizate had excellent abrasion resistance comparable to MPU. The dynamic compression performance of the pretreated blends was also improved, with fatigue life and temperature rise increasing by 119.1% and decreasing by 40.5%, respectively, for the 75/25 PMPU2/NR vulcanizate relative to the reference MPU/NR. The DMA data showed that the blend vulcanizates exhibited lower tanδ at 60°C compared with the MPU vulcanizate, and this value was further reduced for the pretreated blend, which has obvious environmental significance in terms of reduced energy consumption.
Identification and Characterization of the Isomeric Impurity of the Fungicide “Cyazofamid”
Authors: Kannoujia Jyoti , Nagineni Devendra , Rodda Ramesh , Chilukuri Ramesh , Babu Nanubolu Jagadeesh , Akshinthala Parameswari , Yarasi Soujanya , Kantevari Srinivas , Sripadi Prabhakar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIdentification and characterization of biproducts/ impurities present in agrochemicals are critical in view of their efficacy and safety towards public health. We herein present our study on identification and characterization of an impurity, 5‐chloro‐2‐cyano‐N,N‐dimethyl‐4‐p‐tolylimidazole‐1‐sulfonamide (2) present in the fungicide, “cyazofamid”. Intermittent HPLC analysis of the reaction of substituted imidazole (1) with N,N‐dimethylsulfamoyl chloride suggested that 2 is formed during the reaction. Isolation by preparative HPLC and characterization by NMR, LC/HRMS, MS/MS and single crystal XRD analysis confirmed 2 as an isomer of cyazofamid, wherein the N,N‐dimethyl sulfonamide group was positioned on the other nitrogen of imidazole in close proximity to chloride group. Computational studies further supported the formation of 2 and ruled out the other possible isomeric structures.
Computational Study of Mechanisms and Tether Length Effects of Rh‐Catalyzed [3+2] and [3+2+1] Reactions of Ene/Yne‐Vinylcyclopropanes
Authors: Zhang Guan‐Yu , Lin Mu , Yu Zhi‐Xiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDFT calculations have been applied to study the mechanisms of [3+2] and [3+2+1] reactions of ene/yne‐vinylcyclopropanes (shorted as ene/yne‐VCPs). The [3+2] reactions of ene/yne‐VCPs start from C−C cleavage of cyclopropane (CP cleavage) to form six‐membered rhodacycle, followed by alkene/alkyne insertion and reductive elimination. The [3+2+1] reactions have two competing pathways, one is the [3+2+1] pathway (CP cleavage, ene/yne insertion, CO insertion and reductive elimination) and the other is the [3+1+2] pathway (CP cleavage, CO insertion, ene/yne insertion and reductive elimination). The length of tether in substrates affects the ene/yne insertion steps in these cycloadditions, making some reactions fail or changing the reaction pathways. The reasons for these tether length effects are discussed.
A control strategy for variable‐speed variable‐pitch wind turbines within the regions of partial‐ and full‐load operation without wind speed feedback
Authors: Corradini Maria Letizia , Ippoliti Gianluca , Orlando Giuseppe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the control of a variable‐speed variable‐pitch wind turbine in the whole wind speed range is addressed, without any feedback measurement of wind speed. In addition to an aerodynamic torque observer able to ensure the tracking of the maximum delivered power in the partial‐load region, a novel wind speed observer is proposed for power regulation in the full‐load region, along with a sliding surface ensuring finite‐time set‐point stabilization of the speed tracking error. The proposed control solution has been validated on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5‐MW three‐blade wind turbine model using the recognized high‐fidelity simulation tool FAST.
Production and application of purified mutanase from novel Cellulosimicrobium funkei SNG1 in the in vitro biofilm degradation
Authors: Boddapati Sirisha , Gummadi Sathyanaryana N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMutanase (α‐1,3‐glucanase) is an inducible extracellular enzyme with potential medical applications in dentistry. A novel Cellulosimicrobium funkei strain SNG1 producing mutanase enzyme using α‐1,3‐glucans was isolated, and the enzyme was optimized for increased productivity using the one‐factor‐at‐a‐time approach. Maximum growth and enzyme‐specific activity (2.12 ± 0.4 U/mg) were attained in a production medium with pH 7.0 and 1% α‐1,3‐glucans as carbon source, incubated at 37°C for 30 h. The result showed a five‐fold increase in activity compared to unoptimized conditions (0.40 U/mg). The enzyme was purified by gel‐filtration chromatography, and recovered with a yield of 29.03% and a specific activity increase of 10.9‐fold. The molecular mass of the monomeric enzyme is 137 kDa. The pH and temperature optima are 6.0 and 45°C with Km of 1.28 ± 0.11 mg for α‐1,3‐glucans. The enzyme activity was stimulated by adding Co2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, and was entirely inhibited by Hg2+. On 2‐h incubation, the purified enzyme effectively degraded in vitro film with an 82.68% degradation rate and a saccharification yield of 30%.
In‐situ U‐Wert‐Messung – Teil 1: Vergleich von Verfahren und Einflüsse in Heizkammerversuchen
Authors: Anders Steffen , Iravani Ahmad , Hoffmann Caroline , Geissler Achim , Voss Karsten 
Published: February 2023

AbstractU‐Wert‐Messungen vor Ort eigenen sich für opake Bauteile unbekannter Konstruktion, bei denen eine zerstörungsfreie Aussage zu den thermischen Eigenschaften, z. B. für Sanierungsmaßnahmen erforderlich ist. In‐situ U‐Wert‐Messungen sind Gegenstand zweier abgeschlossener Forschungsprojekte aus Deutschland und der Schweiz. Im vorliegenden Teil 1 werden die Ergebnisse des Projektes „LivingLab – Gebäudeperformance” an der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal vorgestellt. Ziel dieses Teilprojektes ist, Einflüsse auf in‐situ U‐Wert‐Messverfahren für Mauerwerkskonstruktionen in einem Heizkammerverfahren unter kontrollierten Bedingungen herauszuarbeiten. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass bei Wärmeflussverfahren mit langer Messdauer die Größe der Platten und ihre Positionierung in Bezug auf ein Fugenraster keine messbaren Unterschiede ergeben. Bei ungedämmten Konstruktionen werden mit diesem Verfahren tendenziell geringere U‐Werte, bei gedämmten Konstruktionen höhere U‐Werte gemessen als bei bekanntem Materialaufbau berechnet. Vergleichend werden Kurzzeitmessungen mit der sog. „Rapid U‐Value‐Messtechnik (Rapid‐U)” durchgeführt. Es zeigen sich größere Streuungen der Ergebnisse und höhere U‐Werte als beim Wärmeflussverfahren. In Teil 2 wird ein Forschungsprojekt aus der Schweiz vorgestellt, in dessen Rahmen eine praxisorientierte Anwendungshilfe für in‐situ U‐Wert‐Messungen erstellt wird. Als Basis dienen In‐situ‐Messungen mit drei unterschiedlichen Geräten und vergleichende Labormessungen.
S100A6 participates in initiation of autoimmune encephalitis and is under epigenetic control
Authors: Lin Chih‐Hsiang , Li Sung‐Chou , Lin Ming‐Hong , Ho Chen‐Jui , Lu Yan‐Ting , Lin Yuyu , Lin Pei‐Hsien , Tsai Kuo‐Wang , Tsai Meng‐Han 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionAutoimmune encephalitis (AE) is caused by autoantibodies attacking neuronal cell surface antigens and/or synaptic antigens. We previously demonstrated that S100A6 was hypomethylated in patients with AE and that it promoted B lymphocyte infiltration through the simulated blood–brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we focused on the epigenetic regulation of S100A6, the process by which S100A6 affects B lymphocyte infiltration, and the therapeutic potential of S100A6 antibodies.MethodsWe enrolled and collected serum from 10 patients with AE and 10 healthy control (HC) subjects. Promoter methylation and 5‐azacytidine treatment assays were conducted to observe the methylation process of S100A6. The effect of S100A6 on B lymphocytes was analyzed using an adhesion assay and leukocyte transendothelial migration (LTEM) assay. A LTEM assay was also used to compare the effects of the serum of HCs, serum of AE patients, S100A6 recombinant protein, and S100A6 antibodies on B lymphocytes.ResultThe promoter methylation and 5‐azacytidine treatment assays confirmed that S100A6 was regulated by DNA methylation. The adhesion study demonstrated that the addition of S100A6 enhanced adhesion between B lymphocytes and a BBB endothelial cell line in a concentration‐dependent manner. The LTEM assay showed that the serum of AE patients, as well as S100A6, promoted B lymphocyte infiltration and that this effect could be attenuated by S100A6 antibodies.ConclusionWe clarified that S100A6 was under epigenetic regulation in patients with AE and that it helped B lymphocytes to adhere to and infiltrate the BBB endothelial layer, which could be counteracted by S100A6 antibodies. Therefore, the methylation profile of S100A6 could be a marker of the activity of AE, and countering the effect of S100A6 may be a potential treatment target for AE.
Non‐invasive treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury: Effective transmission of therapeutic near‐infrared light into the human brain through soft skin‐conforming silicone waveguides
Authors: Morse Paul T. , Tuck Samuel , Kerns Mike , Goebel Dennis J. , Wan Junmei , Waddell Tom , Wider Joseph M. , Hüttemann Charlotte L. , Malek Moh H. , Lee Icksoo , Sanderson Thomas H. , Hüttemann Maik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNoninvasive delivery of near‐infrared light (IRL) to human tissues has been researched as a treatment for several acute and chronic disease conditions. We recently showed that use of specific IRL wavelengths, which inhibit the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (COX), leads to robust neuroprotection in animal models of focal and global brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. These life‐threatening conditions can be caused by an ischemic stroke or cardiac arrest, respectively, two leading causes of death. To translate IRL therapy into the clinic an effective technology must be developed that allows efficient delivery of IRL to the brain while addressing potential safety concerns. Here, we introduce IRL delivery waveguides (IDWs) which meet these demands. We employ a low‐durometer silicone that comfortably conforms to the shape of the head, avoiding pressure points. Furthermore, instead of using focal IRL delivery points via fiberoptic cables, lasers, or light‐emitting diodes, the distribution of the IRL across the entire area of the IDW allows uniform IRL delivery through the skin and into the brain, preventing “hot spots” and thus skin burns. The IRL delivery waveguides have unique design features, including optimized IRL extraction step numbers and angles and a protective housing. The design can be scaled to fit various treatment areas, providing a novel IRL delivery interface platform. Using fresh (unfixed) human cadavers and isolated cadaver tissues, we tested transmission of IRL via IDWs in comparison to laser beam application with fiberoptic cables. Using the same IRL output energies IDWs performed superior in comparison to the fiberoptic delivery, leading to an up to 95% and 81% increased IRL transmission for 750 and 940 nm IRL, respectively, analyzed at a depth of 4 cm into the human head. We discuss the unique safety features and potential further improvements of the IDWs for future clinical implementation.
Photocatalytic Oxygen Transfer as an Innovative Route for N2O Upgrading**
Authors: Delaunay Oriane , Zghab Eya , Denicourt‐Nowicki Audrey , Roucoux Alain 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs concentration of nitrous oxide (N2O) keeps growing steeply in the atmosphere, upgrading this anthropogenic greenhouse gas as a potential oxygen transfer agent constitutes a real challenge to limit global warming and ozone layer depletion. Decomposition of N2O is mainly described under highly energy‐consuming thermal activation, owing to its high stability and large activation barrier, making it kinetically inert. Herein, we demonstrate the controlled photocatalytic upgrading of N2O as an oxygen atom donor, releasing only dinitrogen (N2) as a benign co‐product. The doped Ag@TiO2 photocatalyst specifically activates N2O for controlled oxidation of phosphines avoiding mineralization, under mild conditions (room temperature, 1 atm, λ=365 nm), as a proof‐of‐concept of the valorization of N2O as an oxygen transfer agent. The catalytic system is active and selective in various organic solvents, as well as innovatively in water, depending on the phosphine structure.
Building cultural empathy and deconstructing Whiteness in counselor education
Authors: Bayne Hannah B. , Ocampo Robert , Wilson Tawanda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCounselor training that does not attend to dynamics of cultural differences and oppression can run the risk of promoting false empathy that serves the voyeuristic purpose of the counselor rather than achieving accurate empathy for the client. In this article, we discuss the differences between true and false empathy and how Whiteness, racial identity and culture, and classroom dynamics can impact the ability to engage in cultural empathy development. We present a model for cultural empathy training that attends to each of these dynamics.
Effect of Pollutant Species on the Performance of Chelating Membranes for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Xing Miao , Zhang Wenwen , Liu Yuanfa , Guo Jing , Yu Yue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA chelating membrane was fabricated to simultaneously remove metal ions and proteins from simulated wastewater. For a mixture consisting of a single ion and protein, the chelating membrane exhibited overall good separation performance (except for Cd2+), with both ion removal and protein rejection surpassing 90 %. The removal of metal ions highly depends on the chelation of amidoxime groups with ions rather than the complexation of proteins with ions. An increase in the content of metal ions has a detrimental impact on the protein rejection efficiency owing to the damaging effect of heavy metals on the protein. Similarly, increasing the amount of protein adversely affects the removal of ions due to the weakened chelation of amidoxime groups with metal ions.
Impact of Curved‐Blade Impellers on Gas Holdup and Liquid Homogenization Dynamics in Stirred Tanks
Authors: Žák Adrián , Moucha Tomáš , Paglianti Alessandro , Montante Giuseppina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDesign and optimization of aerobic fermentation processes in stirred tanks must factor in specific features, such as the formation of gas cavities on the rear of impeller blades and the need for high power input. Here, the ability of a curved‐blade impeller to reduce these drawbacks, which are typical of flat‐blade impellers, is investigated. The analysis is based on gas holdup distributions and liquid homogenization dynamics collected by electrical resistance tomography in a pilot‐scale stirred tank of geometry similar to typical industrial aerated fermenters. A wide range of gas flow rates and impeller speeds in single‐impeller and multiple‐impeller configurations are considered and the differences arising when a Rushton turbine is replaced with a Bakker turbine are discussed.
Sauberes und günstiges Trinkwasser für eine ganze Region
Authors: Caravita Sandro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIm belgischen Ostende hat Veolia Water Technologies eine Anlage zur Trinkwassergewinnung errichtet. In einem mehrstufigen Filtrationsprozess produziert der dortige Wasserversorger nun Trinkwasser aus Abwasser. An entscheidenden Stellen des Prozesses – bei der Umkehrosmose, der Filtrierung mit Aktivkohle und der Remineralisierung des Wassers – übernehmen Gleitschieberventile die Regelung von Druck und Durchfluss.
Walnussschalen für sauberes Wasser
Authors: Vranitzky Robert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModerne Anlagen zur Aufbereitung von Lagerstättenwasser nutzen Walnussschalen für eine effiziente und umweltbewusste Wasseraufbereitung. Für ein Ölfeld in Kashagan, Kasachstan, wurde nun ein dritter Ölzug mit einer zusätzlichen Funktionsverbesserung zur Aufbereitung des Abwasser ausgestattet. Der Gesamtanlagenbauer kann nun erfolgreich sein Projekt zur Erweiterung der Aufbereitungsanlage von Lagerstättenwasser für das Ölfeld Kashagan in Kasachstan abschließen. In der Anlage wird das stark salzhaltige Lagerstättenwasser von Ölrückständen gereinigt, um eine weitere Entsorgung innerhalb wichtiger Umweltgrenzen zu ermöglichen.
Werkzeuge für die Dekarbonisierung
Authors: Pauly Christoph P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOb bewährte alkalische Elektrolyse (AEL) oder zukünftiger Anionenaustauschmembran‐Elektrolyseur (AEM), die Anforderungen an Werkstoffe in der Wasserstofftechnologie sind aufgrund der hohen Temperaturen beträchtlich. Hier werden Komponenten benötigt, die robust, zuverlässig und sich genau auf den Prozess abstimmen lassen. Nur so werden ein hoher Wirkungsgrad und höchstmögliche Sicherheit erreicht.
MTP auf dem Weg in die Produktion
Authors: Bittorf Lukas , Klose Anselm , Pelzer Florian , Haller Axel , Schmitt Daniel , Kehl Alexander , Fink Andreas , Winterbauer Hansjürgen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNAMUR, PNO, ProcessNet, VDMA und ZVEI haben im vergangenen Jahr den herstellerunabhängigen Schnittstellenstandard Module Type Package (MTP) anhand von realen Anwendungsfällen vorgestellt. Was technisch möglich ist und wie das flexible Konzept weitergedacht wird, hat der ProcessNet Demonstrator aus dem Arbeitsausschuss modulare Anlagen (AA‐MODA) gezeigt. Was es jetzt braucht, sind Aufträge von Anwendern an die Entwickler.
Ring‐polymer Molecular Dynamics Simulation for the Adsorption of H2 on Ice Clusters (H2O)n (n=8, 10, and 12)
Authors: Murakami Tatsuhiro , Ogino Kanon , Hashimoto Yu , Takayanagi Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the interstellar medium, the H2 adsorption and desorption on the solid water ice are crucial for chemical and physical processes. We have recently investigated the probabilities of H2 sticking on the (H2O)8 ice, which has quadrilateral surfaces. We have extended the previous work using classical MD and ring‐polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) simulations to the larger ice clusters, (H2O)10 and (H2O)12, which have pentagonal and hexagonal surfaces, respectively. The H2 sticking probabilities decreased as the temperature increased for both cluster cases, whereas the cluster‐size‐independent profiles were observed. It is thought that the size independence of the probabilities is qualitatively understood from the similar binding energies for all the three cluster systems. Furthermore, the RPMD sticking probabilities are smaller than the classical ones because of the reduction in the binding energies owing to nuclear quantum effects, such as vibrational quantization.
YAP/TAZ activation predicts clinical outcomes in mesothelioma and is conserved in in vitro model of driver mutations
Authors: Cunningham Richard , Jia Siyang , Purohit Krishna , Salem Omar , Hui Ning Sze , Lin Yue , Carragher Neil O. , Hansen Carsten Gram 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Hippo signalling pathway is dysregulated across a wide range of cancer types and, although driver mutations that directly affect the core Hippo components are rare, a handful is found within pleural mesothelioma (PM). PM is a deadly disease of the lining of the lung caused by asbestos exposure. By pooling the largest‐scale clinical datasets publicly available, we here interrogate associations between the most prevalent driver mutations within PM and Hippo pathway disruption in patients, while assessing correlations with a variety of clinical markers. This analysis reveals a consistent worse outcome in patients exhibiting transcriptional markers of YAP/TAZ activation, pointing to the potential of leveraging Hippo pathway transcriptional activation status as a metric by which patients may be meaningfully stratified. Preclinical models recapitulating disease are transformative in order to develop new therapeutic strategies. We here establish an isogenic cell‐line model of PM, which represents the most frequently mutated genes and which faithfully recapitulates the molecular features of clinical PM. This preclinical model is developed to probe the molecular basis by which the Hippo pathway and key driver mutations affect cancer initiation and progression. Implementing this approach, we reveal the role of NF2 as a mechanosensory component of the Hippo pathway in mesothelial cells. Cellular NF2 loss upon physiological stiffnesses analogous to the tumour niche drive YAP/TAZ‐dependent anchorage‐independent growth. Consequently, the development and characterisation of this cellular model provide a unique resource to obtain molecular insights into the disease and progress new drug discovery programs together with future stratification of PM patients.