bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concordance between electronic health record‐recorded race/ethnicity and parental report in hospitalized children
Authors: Hoang Kim , Gold Jessica , Powell Carmin , Lee Henry C. , Floyd Baraka , Schroeder Alan , Chadwick Whitney 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectronic health records (EHRs) have become an important repository for patient race and ethnicity. Misclassification could negatively affect efforts to monitor and reduce health disparities and structural discrimination.ObjectiveWe assessed the concordance of parental reports of race/ethnicity for their hospitalized children with EHR‐documented demographics. We also aimed to describe parents' preferences on how race/ethnicity should be captured in the hospital's EHR.Designs, Settings, and ParticipantsFrom December 2021 to May 2022, we conducted a single‐center cross‐sectional survey of parents of hospitalized children asking to describe their child's race/ethnicity and compared these responses to the race/ethnicity documented in the EHR.Main Outcome and MeasuresConcordance was analyzed with a kappa statistic (κ). Additionally, we queried respondents about their awareness of and preferences for race/ethnicity documentation.ResultsOf the 275 participants surveyed (79% response rate), there was 69% agreement (κ = 0.56) for race and 80% agreement (κ = 0.63) for ethnicity between parent report and EHR documentation. Sixty‐eight parents (21%) felt that the designated categories poorly represent their child's race/ethnicity. Twenty‐two (8%) were uncomfortable with their child's race/ethnicity being displayed on the hospital's EHR. Eighty‐nine (32%) preferred a more comprehensive list of race/ethnicity categories.ConclusionsNonconcordance between EHR‐recorded race/ethnicity and parental report exists in the EHR for our hospitalized patients, which has implications for describing patient populations and for understanding racial and ethnic disparities. Current EHR categories may be limited in their ability to capture the complexity of these constructs. Future efforts should focus on ensuring that demographic information in the EHR is accurately collected and appropriately reflects families' preferences.
Applications of curcumin loaded nanoemulsions in photoinactivation of Aspergillus niger spores
Authors: Arboleda‐Murillo J. Alejandro , Cañon‐Ibarra Andres F. , Sanchez Leidy T. , Pinzon Magda I. , Villa Cristian C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAspergillus niger is one of the most common fungal contaminants of food products, leading to several economic losses on fruit, vegetables and other food products during storage. Over the years, several new techniques have been developed to control fungal growth, including photodynamic inactivation, in which excitation of a photosensitizer in the right wavelength leads to ROS production and microbial death.ResultsOn this paper, curcumin was used as a natural photosentitizer against A. niger spores. Nanoemulsions were used in order to encapsulated curcumin and increase its water solubility. Results showed that spores inhibition could reach up to 80% after 3 min of irradiation while values for un‐encapsulated curcumin were around 30%.ConclusionResults presented show that nanoemulsions could be use to enhance the photoinactivation properties of curcumin, against fungal spores from A. niger. This type of process can be use for food decontamination and preservation.
Green dispersive solid‐phase microextraction of melamine using crosslinked beta‐cyclodextrin with citric acid followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Nasrollahi Seyedeh Sara , Yamini Yadollah 
Published: May 2023

In this research, a green approach for dispersive solid phase microextraction was introduced for the extraction and determination of melamine in various matrices such as infant formula and hot water in a melamine bowl. In this way, a natural polar polymer called ß‐cyclodextrin has been cross‐linked with citric acid to create a water‐insoluble adsorbent. The extraction was carried out by dispersion of the sorbent into the sample solution. The effective parameters on the extraction efficiency of the melamine, including ion strength, extraction time, sample volume, amount of absorbent, pH, type of desorption solvent, desorption time, and desorption solvent volume were optimized by one variable at a time approach. Under the optimal conditions, the method showed a good linear dynamic range for melamine in the range of 1–1000 μg/L with a coefficient of determination of 0.9985. The obtained limit of detection was 0.3 μg/L. The intra‐day and inter‐day relative standard deviations (n = 3) were 3.1% and 3.2% respectively. Lastly, this technique was applied to extract and determine the analyte in a melamine bowl and infant formula with acceptable and satisfactory results.
A Novel Method for Thyroarytenoid Myofiber Culture
Authors: Gartling Gary , Nakamura Ryosuke , Bing Renjie , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: May 2023

Objectives/HypothesisMyofiber culture has been employed to investigate muscle physiology in vitro and is well‐established in the rodent hind limb. Thyroarytenoid (TA) myofiber culture has not been described, providing an opportunity to employ this method to investigate distinct TA myofiber functions. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a TA myofiber culture model.Study DesignIn vitro.MethodsTA muscles from five Sprague Dawley rats were independently isolated and digested for 90 min. A smooth‐tip, wide‐bored pipette dissociated TA myofibers from cartilage, and the fibers were distributed on collagen‐coated dishes and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 2 h. Myofiber specificity was determined via immunolabeling for desmin and myosin heavy chain (MHC). Myofibers viability was assessed over 7 days via esterase assay. Additional myofibers were immunolabeled for satellite cell marker Pax‐7. Glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) was immunolabeled following GC treatment.ResultsThe harvest technique yielded ~120 myofibers per larynx. By day 7, ~60% of the fibers remained attached and were calcein AM‐positive/ethidium homodimer‐negative, indicating viability. Myofibers were positive for desmin and MHC, indicating muscle specificity. Cells surrounding myofibers were positive for Pax‐7, indicating the presence of myogenic satellite cells. Myofibers also responded to GC treatment as determined by GR nuclear translocation.ConclusionTA myofibers remained viable in culture for at least 7 days with a predictable response to exogenous stimuli. This technique provides novel investigative opportunities regarding TA structure and function.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 133:3109–3115, 2023
Reactive‐transport model for the production, transport, and consumption of sulfide in a spent nuclear fuel deep geological repository in crystalline rock
Authors: Hung Chi‐Che , Briggs Scott , Yu Yun‐Chen , Wu Yuan‐Chieh , King Fraser 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA 1‐D reactive‐transport model has been developed to describe the production and transport of sulfide in a deep geological repository in crystalline rock and the subsequent corrosion of the copper canister. The model accounts for various processes, including: (i) the microbial reduction of sulfate by organotrophic and lithotrophic sulfate‐reducing bacteria, (ii) the supply of sulfate from both the ground water and from the dissolution of gypsum present as an accessory mineral in the bentonite buffer, (iii) diffusive transport of reactants and products, and (iv) sequestration of a fraction of the microbially produced sulfide by precipitation as mackinawite. The results of a base case simulation and of sensitivity analyses indicate that the extent of uniform corrosion is approximately 0.2 mm after 1 million years and that the maximum flux of sulfide to the canister surface is below the threshold for localized corrosion or stress corrosion cracking.
Investigating the effect of bentonite compaction density and environmental conditions on the corrosion of copper materials
Authors: Tully Claire S. , Binns Wilfred J. , Zagidulin Dmitrij , Noël James J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe proposed long‐term management plan for used nuclear fuel is to isolate it within a multiple‐barrier system underground in a deep geological repository (DGR). In the Canadian design, used fuel bundles will be sealed in copper‐coated carbon steel used fuel containers, encased in blocks of bentonite clay, emplaced approximately 500–800 m below ground, and surrounded by a bentonite gapfill material. A laboratory experimental campaign has been undertaken to demonstrate the integrity of the multiple‐barrier system. DGR‐relevant copper materials were embedded in bentonite clay, compacted to various densities, and sealed into a hermetic pressure vessel pressurized with demineralized water. Experiments explored the influence of bentonite compaction in the range of 1100–1600 kg/m3 on copper corrosion over durations of 1–18 months. Postexposure analysis of the copper coupons showed nonhomogeneous corrosion, with corrosion products composed of Cu2O, with some Cu2S. The average corrosion rates decreased as a function of time and increasing bentonite compaction density. In general, we observed that higher bentonite compaction density suppressed the corrosion of embedded copper.
Influence of corrosion fatigue on the fatigue strength of an AlSi10MgMn high‐pressure die‐casting alloy with regard to the surface condition
Authors: Schönowitz Markus , Maier Bernd , Grün Florian , Bauer‐Troßmann Kathrin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of corrosion fatigue on the fatigue strength of an AlSi10MgMn high‐pressure die‐casting alloy with regard to the surface condition. Two different surface conditions are compared. First, an unmachined surface condition with a rough surface () and second a machined and polished surface condition with a smooth, polished surface () are tested. The specimens are loaded with a cyclic bending moment at a constant stress ratio of R = 0 till failure. A 5 wt% NaCl solution enables the corrosion fatigue tests. Corrosion fatigue leads to a significant reduction of the endurable stresses along the whole load spectrum independent from the surface condition. The applied corrosive solution prevents the formation of a pronounced long‐life fatigue strength limit within the tested load cycle range. Hence, the reduction of the endurable stresses increases with the increasing number of load cycles, reaching approximately 37% at load cycles. No significant influence of the surface condition, independent of the environment (air, 5 wt% NaCl), on the fatigue behaviour is found.
Understanding the Degradation Mechanisms of Conducting Polymer Supercapacitors
Authors: Chang Xueying , Yang Zhiyin , Huang Ailun , Katsuyama Yuto , Lin Cheng‐Wei , El‐Kady Maher F. , Wang Chenxiang , Kaner Richard B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConducting polymers like polyaniline (PANI) are promising pseudocapacitive electrode materials, yet experience instability in cycling performance. Since polymers often degrade into oligomers, short chain length anilines have been developed to improve the cycling stability of PANI‐based supercapacitors. However, the capacitance degradation mechanisms of aniline oligomer‐based materials have not been systematically investigated and are little understood. Herein, two composite electrodes based on aniline trimers (AT) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied as model systems and evaluated at both pre‐cycling and post‐cycling states through physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations. The favorable effect of covalent bonding between AT and CNTs is confirmed to enhance cycling stability by preventing the detachment of aniline trimer and preserving the electrode microstructure throughout the charge/discharge cycling process. In addition, higher porosity has a positive effect on electron/ion transfer and the adaptation to volumetric changes, resulting in higher conductivity and extended cycle life. This work provides insights into the mechanism of enhanced cycling stability of aniline oligomers, indicating design features for aniline oligomer electrode materials to improve their electrochemical performance.
A two‐stage genome‐wide association study identified four potential early‐onset nonsmall cell lung cancer risk loci based on 26,652 participants in Chinese population
Authors: Fan Jingyi , Hong Tongtong , Zhao Xiaoyu , Liang Shuang , Zhu Meng , Jiang Yue , Jin Guangfu , Hu Zhibin , Ma Hongxia , Dai Juncheng , Shen Hongbing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarly‐onset lung cancer is rare with an increasing incidence rate. Although several genetic variants have been identified for it with candidate gene approaches, no genome‐wide association study (GWAS) has been reported. In this study, a two‐stage strategy was adopted: firstly we performed a GWAS to identify variants associated with early‐onset nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk using 2556 cases (age ≤ 50 years) and 13,327 controls by logistic regression model. To further discriminate younger cases from older ones, we took a case–case analysis for the promising variants with above early‐onset cases and 10,769 cases (age > 50 years) by Cox regression model. After combining these results, we identified four early‐onset NSCLC susceptibility loci at 5p15.33 (rs2853677, odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–1.60, Pcase‐control = 3.58 × 10−21; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.16, Pcase–case = 6.77 × 10−4), 5p15.1 (rs2055817, OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.15–1.35, Pcase–control = 1.39 × 10−7; HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14, Pcase–case = 6.90 × 10−3), 6q24.2 (rs9403497, OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.15–1.35, Pcase–control = 1.61 × 10−7; HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05–1.17, Pcase–case = 3.60 × 10−4) and 12q14.3 (rs4762093, OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18–1.45, Pcase–control = 1.90 × 10−7; HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03–1.18, Pcase–case = 7.49 × 10−3). Except for 5p15.33, other loci were found to be associated with NSCLC risk for the first time. All of them had stronger effects in younger patients than in older ones. These results provide a promising overview for early‐onset NSCLC genetics.
Homologous recombination repair gene mutations in colorectal cancer favors treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Lin Yan , Luo Shanshan , Luo Min , Lu Xuerou , Li Qian , Xie Mingzhi , Huang Yu , Liao Xiaoli , Zhang Yumei , Li Yongqiang , Liang Rong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is insensitive for Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with microsatellite stable (MSS). Genomic data of three CRC cohort, n = 35), and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA CRC cohort, n = 377), were analyzed. A cohort treated with ICIs from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC CRC cohort, n = 110) and two cases from the local hospital were characterized the impact of the HRR mutation on prognosis of CRC. Homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene mutations were more common in CN and HL cohorts (27.85%; 48.57%) than in TCGA CRC cohort (15.92%), especially in the MSS populations, the frequencies of HRR mutation were higher in CN and HL cohort (27.45%, 51.72%) than in TCGA cohort (6.85%). HRR mutations were associated with high tumor mutational burden (TMB‐H). Although HRR mutation uncorrelated with an improved overall survival in the MSKCC CRC cohort (p = 0.97), HRR mutated patients had a significantly improved OS compared to the HRR wildtype population particularly in MSS subgroups (p = 0.0407) under ICI treatment. It probably contributed by a higher neoantigen and increased CD4+ T cell infiltration which found in the TCGA MSS HRR mutated CRC cohort. The similar phenomenon on cases was observed that MSS metastatic CRC patient with HRR mutation seemed more sensitive to ICI after multi‐line chemotherapy in clinical practice than HRR wildtype. This finding suggests the feasibility of HRR mutation as an immunotherapy response predictor in MSS CRC, which highlights a potential therapeutic approach for these patients.
Broadside scanning comb‐line leaky‐wave antenna with gain enhancement and reduced cross‐polarization
Authors: Ahmad Ayaz , Mukherjee Jayanta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, a comb‐line leaky‐wave antenna with a pair of wide stubs is proposed with enhanced gain and reduced cross‐polarization. To ensure broadside scanning, three sections of transmission lines are used in the stub with the longitudinal offset. The stubs are placed half‐wavelength apart on both sides of the delay line to achieve high gain and a low‐cross polarization level. The antenna provides 46.8% impedance bandwidth with |S11| below −10 dB. The maximum measured gain and total efficiency are 18.5 dBi and 85%, respectively. The optimized broadside frequency of the leaky‐wave antenna is 10.2 GHz.
Detailed Monte‐Carlo characterization of a Faraday cup for proton therapy
Authors: Ehwald Julian , Togno Michele , Lomax Antony John , Weber Damien Charles , Safai Sairos , Winterhalter Carla 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundExperiments with ultra‐high dose rates in proton therapy are of increasing interest for potential treatment benefits. The Faraday Cup (FC) is an important detector for the dosimetry of such ultra‐high dose rate beams. So far, there is no consensus on the optimal design of a FC, or on the influence of beam properties and magnetic fields on shielding of the FC from secondary charged particles.PurposeTo perform detailed Monte Carlo simulations of a Faraday cup to identify and quantify all the charge contributions from primary protons and secondary particles that modify the efficiency of the FC response as a function of a magnetic field employed to improve the detector's reading.MethodsIn this paper, a Monte Carlo (MC) approach was used to investigate the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) FC and quantify contributions of charged particles to its signal for beam energies of 70, 150, and 228 MeV and magnetic fields between 0 and 25 mT. Finally, we compared our MC simulations to measurements of the response of the PSI FC.ResultsFor maximum magnetic fields, the efficiency (signal of the FC normalized to charged delivered by protons) of the PSI FC varied between 99.97% and 100.22% for the lowest and highest beam energy. We have shown that this beam energy‐dependence is mainly caused by contributions of secondary charged particles, which cannot be fully suppressed by the magnetic field. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that these contributions persist, making the FC efficiency beam energy dependent for fields up to 250 mT, posing inevitable limits on the accuracy of FC measurements if not corrected. In particular, we have identified a so far unreported loss of electrons via the outer surfaces of the absorber block and show the energy distributions of secondary electrons ejected from the vacuum window (VW) (up to several hundred keV), together with electrons ejected from the absorber block (up to several MeV). Even though, in general, simulations and measurements were well in agreement, the limitation of the current MC calculations to produce secondary electrons below 990 eV posed a limit in the efficiency simulations in the absence of a magnetic field as compared to the experimental data.ConclusionTOPAS‐based MC simulations allowed to identify various and previously unreported contributions to the FC signal, which are likely to be present in other FC designs. Estimating the beam energy dependence of the PSI FC for additional beam energies could allow for the implementation of an energy‐dependent correction factor to the signal. Dose estimates, based on accurate measurements of the number of delivered protons, provided a valid instrument to challenge the dose determined by reference ionization chambers, not only at ultra‐high dose rates but also at conventional dose rates.
Time‐domain scaled boundary perfectly matched layer for elastic wave propagation
Authors: Zhang Guoliang , Zhao Mi , Du Xiuli , Zhang Junqi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA novel artificial boundary method called the scaled boundary perfectly matched layer (SBPML) is proposed for the transient analysis of elastic wave propagation in unbounded domains. This method constructs a generalized perfectly matched layer (PML) around the finite interior subdomain based on a coordinate transformation inspired by the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). It can model the infinite exterior subdomains of heterogeneous materials, featuring both parallel and radial straight‐line physical surfaces and interfaces. In addition, generally‐shaped (even nonconvex‐shape) artificial boundaries can be used to provide high flexibility in choosing the geometry of the finite interior subdomain. Two coordinate mapping technologies, namely the modified scaled boundary coordinate transformation from the SBFEM and the complex coordinate stretching from the PML, are successively utilized to construct the proposed method. By introducing the integral of stress as an auxiliary variable, the resulting SBPML subdomain is represented in the time domain using a mixed displacement‐stress unsplit‐field formulation. This has the added benefit of allowing for easy incorporation into standard dynamic finite element methods. The performance of the SBPML is demonstrated through several numerical examples, including P‐SV and SH wave propagation problems occurring in unbounded domains with complex geometries and heterogeneous material properties. The numerical results are evaluated in comparison to both reference solution and existing artificial boundary methods, ultimately demonstrating the flexibility, robustness, accuracy, and stability of the proposed approach.
A mass‐ and energy‐preserving numerical scheme for solving coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations in high dimensions
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Tang Qinglin , Wang Tingchun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article is concerned with numerical study of a coupled system of Gross–Pitaevskii equations which describes the spin‐orbit‐coupled Bose–Einstein condensates. Due to the fact that this system possesses the total mass and energy conservation property and often appears in high dimensions, it brings a significant burden in designing and analyzing a suitable numerical scheme for solving the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations (CGPEs). In this article, an implicit finite difference scheme is proposed to solve the CGPEs, which is proved to be uniquely solvable, mass‐ and energy‐conservative in the discrete sense. In particular, it is proved in a rigorous way that, without any grid‐ratio restriction, the scheme is stable and convergent at the rate of with time step and mesh size in the maximum norm, while previous works often require certain restriction on the grid ratio and only give the error estimates in the discrete norm or norm which could not imply the maximum error estimate. Numerical results are carried out to underline the error estimate and conservation laws, and investigate several dynamics of the CGPEs.