bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband near-ultraviolet dual comb spectroscopy
Authors: Bernhardt Birgitta , Fürst Lukas , Kirchner Adrian , Eber Alexander , Siegrist Florian , Vora Robert di 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The highly energetic photons of ultraviolet light drive electronic, vibrational and rotational transitions in virtually all atomic or molecular species. This radiation is thus a prime tool for strongly selective spectroscopic fingerprinting and real-time environmental monitoring if broad spectral coverage, short acquisition times and high spectral resolution can be achieved – requirements that are in mutual competition in traditional applications.
As a novel concept with intrinsic potency in all three aspects, here we introduce ultraviolet dual comb spectroscopy using two broadband ultraviolet frequency combs centered at 871 THz (343 nm central wavelength) and covering a spectral bandwidth of 35.7 THz. We demonstrate the potential of the novel spectroscopy platform by acquiring fully state-resolved absorption spectra of formaldehyde, a prototype molecule with high relevance for laser spectroscopy and environmental sciences, with acquisition times as short as 100 µs and an averaged spectral resolution of 50 GHz and perform element-selective real-time tracking of gas concentration changes.
To our knowledge, this is the first realization of dual comb spectroscopy in the ultraviolet spectral region and the first tool to allow for a real-time monitoring of the trinity of rotational, vibrational and electronic excitations in molecular species of major earth-atmospheric relevance.
Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals the Contribution of Nitric Oxide to Maintaining Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Ability in Hylotelephium erythrostictum Leaves under Salt Stress
Authors: wang jinxuan , Chen zhixin , Leng pingsheng , Hu Zenghui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Hylotelephium erythrostictum is a plant species with high garden value and notable salt tolerance, yet the salt tolerance mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we treated seedlings with 200 mM NaCl and performed transcriptome sequencing after 0, 5, and 10 d. A total of 123,008 unigenes were identified, of which 79,478 were functionally annotated. The majority of the differently expressed genes (DEGs) associated with photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna protein metabolic pathways were downregulated. In contrast, genes related to superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly upregulated, and genes related to nitric oxide (NO) synthase also exhibited increased expression levels. As NO synthase-related genes in the transcriptome participate in the H. erythrostictum salt stress response, we treated the seedlings under salt stress with exogenous NO and discovered that the contents of peroxides, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased, while soluble sugars and other osmotic substances increased. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm), actual quantum yield Y(II), and the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) increased, whereas fluorescence (Fo) and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) decreased. Furthermore, the expression levels of SOD, CAT, Cab, and psaA were significantly upregulated. These results suggest that NO enhances the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity of H. erythrostictum and improves salt tolerance.
Investigations into morphology and surface integrity of micro hole during femtosecond laser drilling of titanium alloy
Authors: Deepu P , T Jagadesh , Duraiselvam Muthukannan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To increase an aircraft engine efficiency, thousands of cooling micro-holes should be drilled on the gas turbine blade. Because of the superior thermal and mechanical properties of titanium alloy, it is challenging to produce micro-holes with high dimensional and form accuracy using conventional methods. So, in this work, an attempt has been made to produce micro-holes on Ti-6Al-4V using a femtosecond laser. A detailed experiment is performed using full factorial design to comprehend the combined effect of laser process parameters and laser scanning strategies on micro-hole characteristics like hole circularity at entry, exit, taper hole, surface finish and microstructure. A combination of higher laser fluence and a lower pulse repetition rate improves the entry and exit hole circularity. On the contrary, the taper angle is lowered by increasing laser fluence and pulse repetition rate. The zig-zag scanning strategy reduces the hole taper, while the concentric circle scanning strategy improves the circularity of the hole at the entry and exit. It is found that the optimum process parameters for improving micro hole geometry in Ti-6Al-4V include a laser fluence of 1.90 J/cm2, a pulse repetition rate of 20 kHz, and a concentric circle scanning strategy. The surface finish of the micro-hole deteriorates with increasing laser fluence and repetition rate, while concentric circle scanning yields lower surface roughness with fewer surface imperfections. Furthermore, the hole wall microstructure evolution exhibits deep craters at higher laser fluence and undulating grooves at higher repetition rates.
Temporal Coordination of the Transcription Factor Response to H2O2 stress
Authors: Paek Andrew , Jose Elizabeth , March-Steinman Woody , Wilson Bryce , Shanks Lisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Oxidative stress from excess H2O2 activates transcription factors (TFs) that restore redox balance and repair oxidative damage. Though many TFs are activated by H2O2, it is unknown whether they are activated at the same H2O2 concentration or time after H2O2 stress. We found TF activation is tightly coordinated over time and dose dependent. We first focused on p53 and FOXO1 and found that in response to low H2O2, p53 is activated rapidly while FOXO1 remains inactive. In contrast, cells respond to high H2O2 in two temporal phases. In the first phase FOXO1 rapidly shuttles to the nucleus while p53 remains inactive. In the second phase FOXO1 shuts off and p53 levels rise. Other TFs are activated in the first phase with FOXO1 (NF-κB, NFAT1), or the second phase with p53 (NRF2, JUN), but not both. The two phases result in large differences in gene expression. Finally, we provide evidence that 2-Cys peroxiredoxins control which TF are activated and the timing of TF activation.
Oncology drug lag in Japan – Has it improved over the last decade?
Authors: Tachibana Yoshifumi , Narukawa Mamoru 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Existing studies and statistics on the drug lag between Japan and the United States (US) for anticancer drugs indicate that it has decreased, whereas more drugs are left unapproved in Japan. This study aimed to quantify the impact of unapproved drugs on the drug lag.
Methods
Information on 136 anticancer drugs approved in the US between 2011 and 2022 was collected. The approval lag, defined as the number of days from the date of approval in the US to the date of approval in Japan, was calculated for all selected drugs, and the median was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The approval lag for drugs not approved in Japan was treated as censored data. Factors potentially associated with the approval lag were explored using Cox regression analysis.
Results
The median approval lags for the first half period (2011-2016) and the last half period (2017-2022) were 961 days (2.6 years) and 1555 days (4.3 years), respectively. The participation of Japan in the global pivotal trial was associated with a shorter approval lag, and new drug applications by non-Japanese companies that did not rank in the global sales top 20 were associated with a longer approval lag.
Conclusions
Drug lag has not decreased over the last decade, but has been increasing. The percentage of pivotal trials for US approval that included Japan has increased but should be further increased in the future. Japan may require a scheme to encourage smaller non-Japanese companies to include Japan in their global clinical development plan.
The advanced 3D lymphatic system for assaying the human cutaneous lymphangiogenesis in the microfluidic platform
Authors: Chung Seok , Kim Minseop , Choi Sieun , Choi Dong-Hee , Ahn Jinchul , Lee Dain , Song Euijeoung , Kim Hyun Soo , Kim Mijin , Choi Sowoong , Oh Soojung , Kim Minsuh , Park Phil June 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The human cutaneous lymphatic system strictly controls the lymphatic functions as coordinating with skin cells. The lymphatic system plays important roles in removing cell waste, residual proteins, various antigens, and immune cells from tissues in order to maintain homeostasis and activate the immune system, through the drainage of interstitial fluid 1,2. The skin protects our body from external stimulates such as pathogens through the cutaneous lymphatic system 3,4. Herein, to develop the in vitro human cutaneous lymphatic model, we present two 3D microfluidic platforms: a lymphangiogenesis model with a pre-collecting lymphatic vessel-like structure and an advanced lymphangiogenesis model with a functional cutaneous barrier and a pre-collecting lymphatic vessel-like structure. In addition, we rapidly analyzed pro-lymphangiogenesis effects using methods which incorporate a high-speed image processing system and a deep learning-based vascular network analysis algorithm by 12 indices. Using these platforms, we evaluated the pro-lymphangiogenic effect of Lymphanax, a natural product derived from fresh ginseng. As a result, we demonstrated that Lymphanax induces robust lymphangiogenesis without any structural abnormalities. In conclusion, we suggest that these innovative platforms are useful for studying the interaction between the skin and lymphatic system as well as evaluating the pro-lymphangiogenic effects of drugs and cosmetics.
Breeding practice, and traits and breed preferences of indigenous village chickens
Authors: Desta Takele Taye , Wakeyo Oli 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In developing nations, indigenous village chickens, or IVCs, significantly contribute to rural livelihoods. IVCs are well-suited for small-scale farmers' multiple breeding objectives and low-input, low-output production systems. Although natural selection has a disproportionate impact on the genetic structure of IVCs, small-scale farmers have developed locally tailored breeding practices to get the most out of their flocks. Small-scale farmers' insights on traits and breed preferences and family flock breeding management are presented in this cross-sectional study. Small-scale farmers prefer IVCs that are optimally good in several traits. In contrast to policymakers, who frequently underestimate the significance of IVCs in rural life, small-scale farmers have a balanced view and acknowledge the coexistence of local and commercial chickens. Farmers are unable to achieve their breeding goals by keeping IVCs or production breeds because of the complexity of their breeding goals; instead, this aspiration needs the rearing of both types of chickens. Only 15.7 percent of farmers recruited homegrown cocks to breed their chickens, whereas 84.3 percent outsourced breeding cocks (47.9 percent from the local market and 36.4 percent from neighbors) (χ-squared = 15.976 df = 2, p = 0.0003395). This practice is important to reduce the negative impacts of inbreeding. About 49.2 percent of small-scale farmers believed that consanguineous mating-induced inbreeding had only minor effects. High flock turnover and uncontrolled breeding significantly reduce the rate of inbreeding. Despite the low production of eggs and meat, small-scale farmers prefer local (rank = 1.47) chickens to commercial (rank = 1.61). Farmers' preferences are influenced by the wide range of products and services offered by IVCs. For cocks, fertility, and growth traits were highly sought after, whereas for hens, maternal traits and laying performance were prioritized. Compared to the highlands, the lowlands had a longer egg storage period (t = 2.677, df = 117, p = 0.009, 95 percent CI: -3.7607, -0.5622). The low demand for eggs in the sparsely populated lowland region may be linked to this extended storage, which was practiced regardless of the higher temperature in the lowland region. This study acknowledges the wisdom of small-scale farmers and advocates the incorporation of their insights into a sustainable genetic improvement program.
Quantifying habitat overlaps between native and non-native fishes in the Himalayas using MaxEnt models optimized for data-deficient stream networks
Authors: Jan Arif , Arismendi Ivan , Giannico Guillermo , Flitcroft Rebecca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Fish invasions threaten freshwater ecosystems worldwide, yet methods to map biodiversity in data-deficient regions are scarce. Two salmonids, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) have been introduced to the Himalayan ecoregion where they are sympatric with vulnerable native snow trout Schizothorax plagiostomus and Schizothorax richardsonii. Our study aims to evaluate potential habitat overlaps between snow trout and non-native trout in the Indus and Ganges River basins, Himalayan ecoregion. We transferred MaxEnt models optimized for data-deficient stream networks to model distribution of potentially suitable streams for rainbow and brown trout in the Himalayas. We adopted a similar procedure to map suitable habitats for snow trout species. We found a substantial overlap (up to 96%) in suitable stream between snow trout and non-native trout. However, physiography of receiving basins could allow minimizing the impacts of each non-native trout on native snow trout. We generate high-resolution classified stream suitability maps as decision support tools to help managers in habitat allocation and policy formation to balance recreational fisheries with conservation of snow trout. Our workflow for optimized MaxEnt models can be transferred to other basins and species for mapping freshwater biodiversity patterns in species-rich yet data-poor regions of the world.
Prospects of Natural Gas Consumption using LMDI-STIRPAT-PLSR Framework
Authors: Lund Ibrar H , Shaikh Faheemullah , Harijan Khanji , Kumar Laveet , Dagar Vishal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Increasing population and depleting natural gas (NG) reserves may cause NG shortage and it is necessary to balance the supply-demand gap by devising proper policies. This paper investigates the relationship between NG consumption and driving factors using logarithmic mean division index. A stochastic impact of regression for different variables and partial least square regression has been used for model validation and accuracy estimation. Results proved that fossil energy structure and per capita GDP are most influencing factors on NG consumption, followed by non-clean energy structure, energy intensity, and population. Forecasted results suggest that NG consumption would be 42.107 MTOE under the high development scenario which is twice the baseline scenario. It is projected that indigenous NG production will fall from 4 to 2 billion cubic feet/day and demand will increase by 1.5 billion cubic feet/day. Therefore, an optimized strategy is required for a long-term solution to cater this increasing supply-demand.
SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and the risk of adverse maternal outcomes in the Republic of Georgia: a national birth registry-based cohort study
Authors: Skhvitaridze Natia , Gamkrelidze Amiran , Manjavidze Tinatin , Brenn Tormod , Rylander Charlotta 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Importance Georgia experienced an increase in maternal mortality (MM) during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which warrants further investigation.Objective This study aimed to assess associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and MM, post-delivery intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and caesarean section (CS) delivery.Methods We performed a national birth registry-based cohort study including pregnant women who delivered between February 28, 2020 and August 31, 2022. Data was linked with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) testing, vital, and immunization registries. Pregnant women were classified into three groups: confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from conception through 31 days before delivery, confirmed infection in the 30 days before or at delivery, and women negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection or without any test results (reference group). Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results Among 111,278 pregnant women, 16,661 had confirmed infection during pregnancy; 7,304 were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Compared to the reference group, those with confirmed infection in the 30 days before or at delivery experienced increased odds of MM (aOR: 45.5, 95% CI, 23.1–89.3), post-delivery ICU admission (aOR: 5.62, 95% CI, 4.37–7.22), and CS delivery (aOR: 1.12, 95% CI, 1.03–1.21).Conclusions Hence, pregnant women in Georgia with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the 30 days before or at delivery conferred an alarmingly higher risk of MM and post-delivery ICU admission. Additionally, results highlight that most women were not vaccinated against COVID-19. These findings should signal to stakeholders that adherence to public health preventive measures needs to be improved.
Modified Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling Algorithm with Starvation Mitigation for Reconfigurable Computing systems
Authors: B Abirami , V Vasudevan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Multilevel feedback queue (MLFQ) is one of the efficient scheduling algorithms used in popular operating systems such as windows and Linux. The algorithm consists of several queues with varying priorities and with the low priority queue taking care of starvation mitigation. As Reconfigurable Computing Systems(RCS) handle hardware tasks with different priorities and short and long execution times, which are to be executed in the programmable hardware, MLFQ is suitably modified to match the needs of an RCS.Unlike the traditional software implementations, the hardware tasks can not be preempted at ease and hence the algorithm is suitably modified with four queues based on priority and execution times of the tasks. The MMLFQ is implemented and its performance is compared with the other conventional scheduling algorithms such as static configuration, SJF, FCFS and MLFQ. It is found that the proposed Modified MLFQ technique provides a reduced waiting time for both short jobs of low and high priority tasks and is a better choice than other scheduling algorithms.
Pre-term Birth and Associated Factors among Mothers Who Gave Birth in Shashemene Town Public Health Facilities West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Ketema Senayit Getahun , Morkie Biftu Geda , Mergia Berhanu Teshome , Sadeta Kebede Kumsa , Godana Milkeso Wako 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background Premature birth is the leading cause of death in children all over the world. An estimated 15 million babies born too early and one million children die as a result of preterm birth complications. Many survivors are disabled for the rest of their lives, where the greatest burden falls in developing countries and Ethiopia is one. There is limited information about the preterm birth and this study intended to assess the magnitude of preterm birth and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in Shashemene Town Public Health Facilities.Methods Institution based, cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1–30, 2022. We used purposive sampling for the facility depending on the number of delivery report and systematic random sampling to select 325 mothers who gave births. Data were collected using structure questionnaires for interview administered and check list for the chart review. The collected data were checked for completeness, cleaned, coded and entered in to Epi info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 23 for further analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics used for analysis followed by text, tables and graphs report.Results Data were collected from 325 respondents giving 100% response rate. The magnitude of preterm birth was found to be 7.1% (6.38, 7.82). On multivariable logistic regression model, being mothers’ age 35–44 years, 0.08, (0.03, 0.24), having no history of preterm labor 0.06 (0.02–0.2), no Obstetric complications 0.08 (0.02, 0.32), having no history of low birth weight 0.05(0.02, 0.17) were less likely to have preterm birth.Conclusion The prevalence of preterm birth was relatively low among mothers with no obstetric complications and being late reproductive age groups. Health education on late pregnancy and quality maternity care provision is recommended.
Mutational and copy number analysis of numerous sorted circulating and disseminated tumour cells to interrogate subclonal evolution in advanced breast cancer.
Authors: Brouwer Anja , De Laere Bram , Dam Pieter-Jan van , Peeters Marc , Laere Steven Van , Dirix Luc 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background. Liquid biopsies have been studied as an accessible method to capture spatial tumour heterogeneity and repeatedly evaluate targetable aberrations in cancer. Here, we analysed pure single and pools of circulating and disseminated tumour cells (CTC and DTC) to study genetic heterogeneity.
Methods. From, three patients with metastatic breast cancer, CTC and DTC (bone marrow, pleural fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid) were CellSearch® enriched and DEPArray® sorted into 136 samples of singles and pools up to 150 cells. Sorted cells, primary tumour, circulating free (cf)DNA, and enriched CTC/DTC fractions were analysed for mutations and copy number alterations (CNA).
Results. Two patients harboured a driver PIK3CA mutation in all samples. Variant allele frequencies matched the ploidy status calculated from copy number data. The majority of CNA were homogeneously present in most samples of each patient, including breast cancer subtype specific CNA. One patient with rapidly progressive disease harboured additional CNA in the CTC/DTC compartment, reflecting this aggressive course and a possible subtype switch. These clones emerged at distinct timepoints in the different compartments. Furthermore, various mutations were present in unique samples.
Conclusion. Repeated tumour analysis with liquid biopsies unveils changing molecular characteristics over time, and even a difference between simultaneous primary and metastatic disease. We show that all major subclones can be captured by combined sequencing of enriched CTC and cfDNA at disease progression.
Localization of Composite Prosthetic Feet: Manufacturing Processes and Production Guidelines
Authors: Elgamsy Ramadan , Awad Mohammed , Ramadan Noha , Amer Ayman , Osama Yomna , El-Hilaly Rana , Elsabbagh Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Amputation levels in Egypt and the surrounding neighborhood requires a state intervention to localize the manufacturing of prosthetic feet. Amputations are mainly due to chronic diseases, accidents, and hostilities’ casualties. The prosthetic foot type is classified traditionally according to the number of axial rotational movements, and recently according to the energy activeness of the foot. The localization of this industry needs a preliminary survey of the technological levels with respect to the foot type. Upon the results of this survey, the energy storage response foot has appealing metrics to proceed with its manufacturing. A prototype manufacturing chain is designed and a set of these feet with a certain commercial size of 27 is manufactured. The feet are tested according to ISO 22675. Based on the successful results, a manufacturing value chain is proposed with the prospective resin transfer molding technology. This value chain will guarantee the required localization as well as the natural growth of this value chain with all related activities like accreditation of practices as well as manpower certification.