bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Oral Health Educational Intervention on Smoking among Male Adolescents
Authors: AlAbdullah Hassan , AlFahid Ali Sadeq , AlQarni Abdulaziz , Nazir Muhammad Ashraf 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of oral health educational intervention on smoking among male Saudi adolescents.

Methods:
This study included participants from male public high schools (10–12-grade students) in Dammam, Dhahran, and Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia, between March 2018 and May 2018. Multistage random sampling was used to recruit the students. The participants received two sessions of oral health educational intervention, which was based on educating the adverse effects of smoking on oral health. A pilot-tested questionnaire was used to collect preintervention and postintervention data. McNemar's test was performed for statistical analysis.

Results:
There were 432 participants in the study with a mean age of 10.18 ± 8.44 years. The prevalence of smoking was 31.7% in the preintervention stage. Over half the participants (60.6%) had family history of smoking. There was no reduction in smoking prevalence after the educational intervention. A significant improvement in the awareness about the effects of smoking on oral health was observed after the intervention (P < 0.05). The proportion of smokers willing to quit smoking significantly increased from 34.3% in the preintervention stage to 55.5% in postintervention stage (P = 0.021). Similarly, the percentage of smokers willing to join smoking cessation program increased after the intervention.

Conclusion:
There was a significant improvement in the awareness about the effects of smoking on oral health. The study found significantly higher percentage of adolescents willing to quit smoking after oral health educational interventions. The smoking cessation campaigns should include the education of adverse effects of smoking on oral health.
Comparative Evaluation of Extrusion of Apical Debris in Primary Anterior Teeth using Two Different Rotary Systems and Hand Files
Authors: Asif Ahsana , Jeevanandan Ganesh , Govindaraju Lavanya , Vignesh R. , G. Subramanian E. M. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The success of endodontic treatment depends on the chemomechanical preparation of the tooth. However, the debris produced during canal preparation may extrude through the apical foramen causing postoperative complications.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to compare the apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation in primary anterior teeth using hand files, rotary ProTaper files, and rotary Kedo-S files.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-five freshly extracted primary canine with mature apices and a single canal were randomly divided into three groups for instrumentation as follows (n = 15): Group 1: hand files; Group 2: rotary ProTaper files; and Group 3: rotary Kedo-S files. Myers and Montgomery experimental model was used for this study. Apically extruded debris collected in a preweighed Eppendorf tubes was placed in the incubator at 70°C for 5 days. The weight of the debris collected was determined by subtracting the pre- and post-instrumentation weight of the Eppendorf tubes. The data collected were analyzed using the analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests.

Results:
Hand files produced more apical debris extrusion than ProTaper and Kedo-S files (P < 0.05) while Kedo-S produced the least (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
All instrumentation systems cause apical debris extrusion. Kedo-S produced less apical debris extrusion when compared to the hand files and ProTaper files.
Quantification and Comparison of the Impact of the Smoking Status on Oral Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte and Malondialdehyde Levels in Individuals with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Padhye Ninad Milind , Padhye Ashvini Mukul , Gupta Himani Swatantrakumar 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The formation of reactive oxygen species by oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (oPMNs) is amplified in smokers with chronic periodontitis (CP) causing tissue damage which can be measured by quantifying levels of malondialdehyde (MDA).

Objective:
To quantify and compare the impact of smoking status on oPMN and MDA in individuals with CP before and after scaling and root planing (SRP).

Materials and Methods:
Sixty individuals were divided into four groups, namely, periodontally healthy (Group A), current smokers with CP (Group B), former smokers with CP (Group C), and nonsmokers with CP (Group D). Parameters assessed were bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level, gingival recession, periodontal inflamed surface area, salivary MDA, and oPMN at baseline and 6 and 12 weeks after SRP.

Results:
Increased PPD (P = 0.01) and decreased GI (P = 0.021) was noted in Group B as compared to C and D at baseline. Periodontal intervention caused a greater resolution of inflammation in Groups C and D as compared to B as noted from the GI and BOP. A reduction in MDA (P = 0.074) was noted in Groups C and D as compared to B, and oPMN levels were higher (P = 0.009) in Group C and D as compared to B.

Conclusion:
Greater periodontal destruction is seen in current smokers than former and nonsmokers with CP. MDA can be considered as a reliable biomarker for oxidative stress as it directly correlates with the oPMN levels.
Medium-Term Risk of Recurrent Pelvic Organ Prolapse within 2-Year Follow-Up after Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Sato Hirotaka , Otsuka Shota , Abe Hirokazu , Miyagawa Tomoaki 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The present study was performed to determine the risk of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse (POP) within 2 years after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) in patients with uterovaginal prolapse.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective comparative study was performed in a population of 204 patients over a 2-year follow-up period following LSC with concomitant supracervical hysterectomy or uterine preservation at a single urological clinic between 2015 and 2019. The primary outcome was surgical failure following LSC in cases of POP, focusing on failures occurring before the 2ndyear of follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) for surgical failure.

Results:
The primary outcome, surgical failure in cases of POP, occurred 2 years after the initial surgery in 19 of the 204 patients (9.3%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7% – 14.2%). Surgical failure was most common in the anterior compartment (n = 10, 4.9%), and further surgery was performed in seven of the patients with surgical failure (3.4%). The poor primary outcome was predicted by lysis of adhesions (OR, 7.5, 95% CI, 1.6–33.8, P = 0.008) and preoperative POP stage IV (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1–10.8, P = 0.03) on multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion:
The overall rate of surgical failure following LSC in our cohort was 9.3% over the 2-year follow-up period after surgery, and preoperative prolapse stage IV was associated with a higher risk of recurrence.
Incidence and risk factors of ipsilateral shoulder pain in patients after thoracic surgeries
Authors: Sayed Atikh Ahmed Shafik Ahmed , Vijayakumar Lakshmi Sagar , Chatterjee Aparna , Thota Raghu S. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Ipsilateral shoulder pain (ISP) post-thoracotomy impairs the recovery in early postoperative period, the aetiology of which is unclear. We studied to find out the incidence and risk factors associated with ISP.

Methods:
We did a prospective observational study, wherein 296 patients scheduled for thoracic surgeries were enroled. Pain in the shoulder during activity was assessed using American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons standardised assessment method. All potential predictors were analysed in a multivariable penalised logistic regression model, using ISP as the outcome variable.

Results:
Of the 296 patients, 118 (39.8%) patients developed ISP. Of the 296 patients, 170 patients underwent thoracotomy and 110 underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries. The incidence of ISP was higher in thoracotomy patients (45.29%) compared to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (32.7%). Majority of patients (43.2%) were aged more than 65 years, which was statistically significant as per univariate analysis (P = .007). The incidence of ISP was the highest at 41.89% among those who had lung cancer (n = 74), with disease involving right upper lobe and left upper lobe, 29% and 25.8%, respectively. The pain severity was moderate in 27.1% of patients during shoulder movements. Among the patients who had ISP, 77.1% expressed it as dull aching, whereas 21.2% described it as stabbing in nature.

Conclusion:
The incidence of ISP in those who underwent thoracic surgery was high and dull aching in nature, of mild to moderate intensity, commonly located on the posterior aspect of the shoulder. It was more common in those who underwent thoracotomy and more than 65 years of age.
The Outcome of Debridement in Massive and Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tear - A Systematic Review
Authors: Digge Vijay Kumar , Sai Krishna M. L. V. , Kar Santanu , Sahoo Bismaya , Kumar Vijay , Nag Hira Lal 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Multiple procedures have been described for massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs), which involve either conservative trial or surgical options such as debridement, partial repair, superior capsule reconstruction, and arthroplasty. The choice of surgical procedure depends on various factors such as the age and activity level of the patient, tear configuration, and tissue quality, including both muscle and tendon. No consensus has been reached regarding optimal treatment in massive and irreparable RCTs.

Purpose
To systematically review the published literature assessing the outcomes after debridement alone for irreparable and massive RCTs.

Study Design:
Systematic review: Level of evidence-3.

Methodology
A thorough literature search was carried out in July 2021, using PubMed and Science direct electronic databases based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. All studies were analyzed for the procedures performed along with debridement and the outcomes of surgery with scores such as Constant score, University of California Los Angeles score, American Shoulder and Elbow Score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and patient satisfaction.

Results
Out of 1223 search results, a total of 13 studies were included following the PRISMA guidelines, and data extraction and analysis were carried out. The total patient cohort was 360, with male predominance (62%). The mean age of the total studies included was 66.4 years (range, 60–75.6 years) and the mean follow-up duration was 57 months (range, 18 to 145 months). The constant score was used in 7/13 studies, and the range was from 31 (preoperative) to 84 (postoperative during follow-up). The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons was used in 4/13 studies and the range was from 24 (preoperative) to 74 (postoperative during follow-up). University of California Los Angeles score was used in 6/13 studies and the range was from 8.4 (preoperative) to 27.7 (postoperative during follow-up). VAS was used in 6/13 studies and the range was from 9 (preoperative) to 0.5 (postoperative during follow-up).

Conclusion
Debridement, along with any of the concomitant procedures (Acromioplasty, tuberoplasty, tenotomy of long head of biceps), is a simple procedure and has favorable patient-related outcomes in terms of pain relief. However, the range of motion and muscle strength improvement depends on various factors such as transverse couples, coracoacromial ligament release, and preoperative movement, which necessitates further high-quality prospective randomized control studies.
Previous nonhepatectomy abdominal surgery did not increase the difficulty in laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A case–control study in 100 consecutive patients
Authors: Lee Yi-Hsuan , Lin Hsiu-Hsien , Kuo Tsai-Ling , Lee Ming-Che , Chen Yen-Cheng 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) is still technically challenging for patients with previous nonhepatectomy abdominal surgery (AS). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the difficulty of performing LH for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a history of nonhepatectomy AS during the initial developing period of LH.

Materials and Methods:
The retrospective study enrolled patients who were newly diagnosed with HCC receiving LH from January 2013 to June 2021. Demographic characteristics, perioperative variables, and surgical complications were prospectively collected.

Results:
One hundred patients were reviewed consecutively, comprising 23 in the AS group and 77 in the non-AS group. No significant differences were observed in median IWATE score (5 vs. 5, P = 0.194), operative time (219 vs. 200 min, P = 0.609), blood loss (100.0 vs. 200.0 mL, P = 0.734), transfusion rate (4.3% vs. 10.4%, P = 0.374), duration of parenchyma transection (90.0 vs. 72.4 min, P = 0.673), and mean nonparenchymal transection time (191.0 vs. 125.0 min, P = 0.228), without increasing the conversion rate (0.0% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.336), postoperative complications (30.3% vs. 33.8%, P = 0.488), and postoperative hospital stay (6 vs. 7 days, P = 0.060) in AS group and non-AS groups.

Conclusion:
History of previous nonhepatectomy AS can lead to longer nonparenchymal transection time instead of conversion and did not increase the difficulty. Prolonged nonparenchymal transection time did not increase the surgical complications, prolong the postoperative hospital stay, and compromise the survival outcomes.
Effects of Early Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on Early Recovery of Urinary Incontinence after Prostate Surgery
Authors: Chen Yi-Hsuan , Juan Yung-Shun , Wei Wei-Chi , Geng Jiun-Hung , Chueh Kuang-Shun , Lee Hsiang-Ying 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Postprostate surgeries urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the common bothersome complications of prostate surgery. Pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) have been reported to have benefits in shortening postoperative recovery time of UI. The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of intensive schedule of PFME and pelvic muscle electrical stimulation in improving the recovery of postoperative UI.

Materials and Methods:
We prospectively enrolled 72 patients (63 Benign prostate hyperplasia [BPH] and 9 prostate cancer [PC]) who received transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (AEEP), Radical prostatectomy (RP) from January 2019 to December 2020. Twenty-seven patients who are unable to remove Foley catheter before discharge or loss follow-up were excluded. Finally, we enrolled 44 patients (35 BPH and 9 PC). All patients were assessed using the pad test, International Prostate Symptom Score, and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score. Abdominal ultrasonography or transrectal ultrasound of prostate was used to measure prostate volume and the postvoid residual urine volume.

Results:
The rate of UI was 60% and 88.9% immediately after removing the Foley catheter in TURP/AEEP and RP groups respectively. The incontinence rates in TURP/AEEP were 34.2%, 20%, and 3% after 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months' postoperation. In the RP group, the incontinence rate was 55.6%, 44.4% after 2 weeks, and 1 month postoperation. The pad amount was 63.11 ± 52.9 g, 37.89 ± 52.99 g, and 13.22 ± 18.48 g after 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months' postoperation.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated early intensive PFME program can shorten the recovery time of UI after prostate surgery.
Thermally reused solar energy harvesting using current mirror cells
Authors: Noohi Mostafa , Mirvakili Ali , Safdarkhani Hadi , Sadrossadat Sayed Alireza 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper implements a simultaneous solar and thermal energy harvesting system, as a hybrid energy harvesting (HEH) system, to convert ambient light into electrical energy through photovoltaic (PV) cells and heat absorbed in the body of PV cells. Indeed, a solar panel equipped with serially connected thermoelectric generators not only converts the incoming light into electricity but also takes advantage of heat emanating from the light. In a conventional HEH system, the diode block is used to provide the path for the input source with the highest value. In this scheme, at each time, only one source can be handled to generate its output, while other sources are blocked. To handle this challenge of combining resources in HEH systems, this paper proposes a method for collecting all incoming energies and conveying its summation to the load via the current mirror cells in an approach similar to the maximum power point tracking. This technique is implemented using off‐the‐shelf components. The measurement results show that the proposed method is a realistic approach for supplying electrical energy to wireless sensor nodes and low‐power electronics.
Performance of Vat System in Tanzania Since Enactment of The Vat Act in 2014
Authors: Nguvava Heriel E. , Athanas Noah N. 
Published: February 2023

The 2014 Value Added Tax (VAT) reforms focused on reduction of the base alterations and broadening the tax base and also dealt with several legal drafting issues to enhance the effectiveness of the new VAT law with hopes of enhancing revenue collection. The objective of this article is to assess the performance of VAT system in Tanzania in terms of tax payer’s registration and collection efficiencies. This study adopted a quantitative paradigm whereby data were analysed quantitatively through descriptive statistics and ratio analysis for efficiency measurement. Only secondary data were used in this study. The sources of data were reports from the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the World Bank (WB), IMF and peer-reviewed journal articles on relevant subject matters. The study revealed a total of 4,575 taxpayers who were eligible to be registered for VAT but who were not captured by the VAT tax system by January 2022. As a result, the government is estimated to have lost about TZS 23,350.09 billion during that period. Furthermore, it was found that the contribution of VAT to GDP is 3.6 per cent which is below the country’s expectation threshold of 6 per cent annually and is below the East African Community member states’ average of 4.4 per cent. Both the VAT Efficiency and C-efficiency ratios were not performing well; their averages were 21.9 and 20.7 per cent respectively, below the EAC regional average of 25 per cent. It is recommended to the government to increase VAT registration threshold and reduce the VAT rate. TRA is urged to decentralize the registration of VAT taxpayers to regions so as to improve compliance and administrative efficiency. The study further recommends to TRA to audit the 4,575 taxpayers whose turnovers are above TZS 100 million but are not yet registered and captured within the VAT tax net.
The Application of Taguchi Technique in Mild Steel Weld Prediction and Optimization
Authors: Iwhiwhu M. K. , Ikpeseni S. C. , Sada S. O. 
Published: February 2023

Welding is a key joining operation in many production and manufacturing industries, and it requires a scientific approach in obtaining a weld of high quality. This study focuses on the prediction and optimization of the weld parameters of a mild steel plate using Taguchi technique. For experimental examination, a mild steel plate of 10mm thickness, along with input process parameters such as weld current, arc voltage, gas flow rate, and output process parameter such as hardness were studied. With the statistical tool, ANOVA, further analysis performed to determine the significance of the data obtained shows that for all the responses, a Model F-value of between 64 and 129.85 was obtained, along with a P-value less than 0.05, implying that the model is significant. Furthermore, based on statistical evidence using P-values, all the model terms; welding current, arc voltage and gas flow rate recorded significant contribution to the outcome of the welding experiment, with the weld current having the most significant effect. The optimal result for the responses was obtained 192BHN for the hardness, at a combined process parameters as follows; 200amps, 20v and 20lt/min for the weld current, arc voltage and gas flow rate respectively.
Evaluasi Kinerja Codec Citra Medis Berbasis Wavelat Dan Entropy Coding
Authors: Harianti Ayuni , Oka Widyantara I Made , Ary Esta Dewi Wirastuti Ni Made 
Published: February 2023

Salah satu bidang yang memanfaatkan data citra adalah di bidang medis,karena citra medis memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam dunia medis saat ini., biasanya citra medis membutuhkan penyimpanan yang cukup besar pada komputer dan bertujuan untuk melakukan kompresi pada citra medis menggunakan discrete wavelet transform (DWT) dan entropy coding (Huffman dan Arithmetic). Lima jenis codec yaitu Coiflet, Symlet, Daubechies, Biorthogonla dan Dmeyer digunakan dalam penelitian ini membandingkan PSNR. Penelitian ini menggunakan nilai threshold 5. Percobaan yang dilakukan menggunakan citra medis yang mewakili jenis citra hasil CT-Scan dan MRI sebagai data testing. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa codec Haar/Daubhecies1, Symlet1 dan Biorthogonal1 memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dalam hal kualitas citra (PSNR).
Hubungan Pola Kerja Gilir (2 Shift dan 3 Shift) dengan Kualitas Tidur pada Perawat di Dua Rumah Sakit Militer Jakarta (Suatu Studi Menggunakan Kuesioner PSQI)
Authors: Nugroho Andriarto , Sulistomo Astrid , Roestam Ambar W 
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan: Perawat rumah sakit memiliki risiko mengalami gangguan kualitas tidur. Sebuah penelitian pada tahun 2012 di Salatiga dan Semarang menemukan 52,6% perawat mengalami gangguan kualitas tidur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola kerja gilir dengan kualitas tidur dan prevalensi kejadian gangguan kualitas tidur pada perawat di dua rumah sakit militer di Jakarta.
Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan comparative cross sectional melibatkan 183 perawat di dua rumah sakit militer yaitu 83 perawat dari rumah sakit yang menerapkan pola 2 kerja gilir perhari dan 100 perawat dari rumah sakit yang menerapkan pola 3 kerja gilir perhari. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data karakteristik faktor pekerja dan pekerjaan. Penilaian kualitas tidur menggunakan kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index yang telah divalidasi.
Hasil: Prevalensi gangguan kualitas tidur pada perawat secara keseluruhan adalah 52,5%. Pada kelompok dengan 2 kerja gilir perhari didapat prevalensi gangguan tidur adalah 63,9% dan pada kelompok 3 kerja gilir perhari didapat prevalensi 43%. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pola kerja gilir dengan kualitas tidur dengan ORsuaian: 3,09 (IK95%1,44 - 6,62). Status pernikahan menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan kualitas tidur dengan ORsuaian= 5,58 (IK95%2,08 – 14,93). Masa kerja juga menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan kualitas tidur dengan ORsuaian= 3,78 (IK95% 1,73 – 8,23).
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pola kerja gilir dengan gangguan kualitas tidur pada perawat di dua rumah sakit militer di Jakarta. Faktor lain yang berhubungan adalah status pernikahan serta masa kerja. Saran bagi manajemen rumah sakit yakni merubah pola kerja gilir menjadi 3 kerja gilir perhari. Edukasi berupa penyuluhan tentang kerja sehat dan sleep hygiene serta menyediakan ruangan khusus yang nyaman untuk perawat di setiap ruang perawatan untuk melepas lelah pada saat dinas.