bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mismatch between IUCN range maps and species interactions data illustrated using the Serengeti food web
Authors: Higino Gracielle T. , Banville Francis , Dansereau Gabriel , Forero Muñoz Norma Rocio , Windsor Fredric , Poisot Timothée 
Published: February 2023

Background
Range maps are a useful tool to describe the spatial distribution of species. However, they need to be used with caution, as they essentially represent a rough approximation of a species’ suitable habitats. When stacked together, the resulting communities in each grid cell may not always be realistic, especially when species interactions are taken into account. Here we show the extent of the mismatch between range maps, provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and species interactions data. More precisely, we show that local networks built from those stacked range maps often yield unrealistic communities, where species of higher trophic levels are completely disconnected from primary producers.

Methodology
We used the well-described Serengeti food web of mammals and plants as our case study, and identify areas of data mismatch within predators’ range maps by taking into account food web structure. We then used occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to investigate where data is most lacking.

Results
We found that most predator ranges comprised large areas without any overlapping distribution of their prey. However, many of these areas contained GBIF occurrences of the predator.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the mismatch between both data sources could be due either to the lack of information about ecological interactions or the geographical occurrence of prey. We finally discuss general guidelines to help identify defective data among distributions and interactions data, and we recommend this method as a valuable way to assess whether the occurrence data that are being used, even if incomplete, are ecologically accurate.
Evaluation of Burns Wound Healing Properties of Different Varieties of Honey from Cameroun
Authors: Akaba D. , Atemkeng T. F. , Malep Mayama B. B. , Moutila I. L. , . Wamba , Achu M. , Fokou E. , Pieme C. A. , Djam C. A. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The use of local natural products, such as honey, is empirically prescribed in the treatment of burns and several medical conditions.
Aim: This was conducted to evaluate the burn wound healing activity of three types of local types of honey on rats.
Materials and Methods: This was a comparative experimental study held at the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I. We used 3 varieties of honey designated by their cities of origin: Ngaoundal, Okuh, and Yaounde. Brulex® (Zinc Oxide) was our reference medicine against burns. Male rats of the Wistar strain have served as animal material on which the burns were performed. There were 36 individuals divided into 4 groups of 9 rats per batch for treatment with reference medicine and 3 honey samples. We realized experimental burns under general anesthesia by a heated mass. The surface areas were calculated using Autodesk AutoCAD 2014® software. The photos were taken using an XTIGI V10® telephone. At the various dates selected, the wound surfaces calculated for each batch were expressed in the form of the mean ± standard deviation.
Results: There wa no significant variation in pH and free acidity. Okuh honey is the most acidic (pH 5.73 ± 0.682). Concerning the Brix degree, the least sweet honey is that of Okuh (73.94 ± 0.115). There is a significant difference in the Brix degree between these three samples (p=0.00000009; Table 1). The richest honey in metabolites was that of Ngaoundal, with polyphenols of 323.79±53.57 mEq/kg, flavonoids of 47.45±3.84 mEq/kg and total flavonols of 21 .82±0.90 mEq/kg.
Concerning the evolution of the healing process, the group of rats treated with Brulex® showed the largest injured surfaces on day 0 (8.83 ± 2.34 cm2), the least extensive being those of the Okuh group (6.83 ± 0.66 cm2). On the 24th day, the smallest areas were in order those of the Ngaoundal, Yaounde, and Okuh lots. While the rats in the Brulex® and negative control lots were not yet completely cured. On histology sections, Okuh, Yaoundé, and Ngaoundal groups had slight fibrosis, hypervascularization and an abundance of immune cells.
Conclusion: The three honey type seem effective in burn wound care and can be suggested.
A numerical study on the relationship between particle dispersion, accumulation, and indoor airflow in different ventilated rooms
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Ooka Ryozo , Kikumoto Hideki , Oh Wonseok , Lin Chao , Han Mengtao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study serves as a basic study of the indoor dispersion of pollen particles, simulating the flow field and discussing the behavior of particles of different diameters in different rooms. By comparing the vertical velocity components of particles () and the mean flow velocity of z‐direction component () plus the terminal settling velocity in a gravitational field (), the differences between values and plus values are found to occur mainly at locations close to the opposite wall of the inlet. The location of the differences between values and plus values is important findings of this study, which facilitates the improvement of the simulation method at a later stage and the rational design of indoor ventilation patterns to easily remove particles from the room.
Medical physics practice guideline 4.b: Development, implementation, use and maintenance of safety checklists
Authors: Conroy Leigh , Faught Jacqueline T. , Bowers Erika , Ecclestone Gillian , Fong de los Santos Luis E. , Hsu Annie , Johnson Jennifer Lynn , Kim Grace Gwe‐Ya , Schechter Naomi , Schubert Leah K. , Sterling David A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) is a nonprofit professional society whose primary purposes are to advance the science, education, and professional practice of medical physics. The AAPM has more than 8000 members and is the principal organization of medical physicists in the US. The AAPM will periodically define new practice guidelines for medical physics practice to help advance the science of medical physics and to improve the quality of service to patients throughout the US. Existing medical physics practice guidelines will be reviewed for the purpose of revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner. Each medical physics practice guideline represents a policy statement by the AAPM, has undergone a thorough consensus process in which it has been subjected to extensive review, and requires the approval of the Professional Council. The medical physics practice guidelines recognize that the safe and effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology requires specific training, skills, and techniques, as described in each document. Reproduction or modification of the published practice guidelines and technical standards by those entities not providing these services is not authorized. The following terms are used in the AAPM practice guidelines: Must and must not: Used to indicate that adherence to the recommendation is considered necessary to conform to this practice guideline. While must is the term to be used in the guidelines, if an entity that adopts the guideline has shall as the preferred term, the AAPM considers that must and shall have the same meaning. Should and should not: Used to indicate a prudent practice to which exceptions may occasionally be made in appropriate circumstances.
Electric Field‐Driven Dielectrophoretic Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Xu Ciqun , Faul Charl F. J. , Taghavi Majid , Rossiter Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDielectrophoresis is the electro‐mechanical phenomenon where a force is generated on a dielectric material when exposed to a non‐uniform electric field. It has potential to be exploited in smart materials for robotic manipulation and locomotion, but to date it has been sparsely studied in this area. Herein, a new type of dielectrophoretic actuator exploiting a novel electroactive polymer is described, termed as dielectrophoretic elastomer (DPE), which undergoes electric field‐driven actuation through dielectrophoresis. Unique deflection and morphing behavior of the elastomer induced by controlling the dielectrophoretic phenomenon, such as out‐of‐plane deformation and independence of electric field polarity, are illustrated. The dielectric and mechanical properties of the DPE are studied to gain insight into the influence of materials composition on deformation. Actuation performance using different electrode parameters is experimentally investigated with supplementary analysis through finite element simulation, revealing the relationship between electric field inhomogeneity and deflection. The applications of DPE actuators in a range of robotic devices is demonstrated, including a pump, an adjustable optical lens, and a walking robot. This diverse range of applications illustrates the wide potential of these new soft‐and‐smart electric field‐driven materials for use in soft robotics and soft compliant devices.
Temperature‐Induced Self‐Decomposition Doping of Fe3GeTe2 to Achieve Ultra‐High Tc of 496 K for Multispectral Compatible Strong Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Li Guanghao , Ma Suping , Li Zhuo , Zhang Yawen , Cao Yishu , Huang Yi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFe3GeTe2 provides an ideal system for the study of itinerant ferromagnetism. However, the Curie temperature (Tc) below room temperature limits its further in‐depth research and wide applications. Here, the Tc of 224 K for Fe3GeTe2 is greatly increased to 496 K for Fe3GeTe2/FeTe2/Fe3Ge by temperature‐induced self‐decomposition doping, contributing to improve the electromagnetic response for enhancing the absorption strength and bandwidth and boosting application potentials at higher temperatures. Then, to achieve the multispectral compatible strong absorption, room temperature ferromagnetic dielectric graphene@Fe3GeTe2/FeTe2/Fe3Ge absorber with 3D porous network structure is prepared by synergistic self‐assembly. It has high Tc of 443 K with strong electromagnetic synergistic loss, achieving reflection loss of −61 dB at 12.6 GHz. Moreover, its absorption loss in the terahertz band (0.1–1.6 THz) is 76 dB, and the average loss is greater than 50.4 dB. Furthermore, the absorber is very potential as stealth skin to efficiently reduce satellite RCS with a multi‐angle and multi‐band manner in the gigahertz and terahertz bands, thus achieving the purpose of stealth. Compared with the reported conventional absorbers, the absorber has a multispectral compatible strong absorption performance covering gigahertz and terahertz bands, thus very promising for electromagnetic protection of electromagnetic communication and space vehicles.
Tailoring the Crystal‐Chemical States of Water Molecules in Sepiolite for Superior Coating Layers of Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Yaping , Lin Xuguang , Wang Li , Yang Yadi , Zhang Yifang , Pan Anqiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtective coatings are effective in stabilizing Zn metal anodes. Nevertheless, the diverse features of the coating material increase the interface's complexity and often conceal the real mechanism of how the coating functions on electrode behavior. Moreover, the lack of precise regulation for a targeting feature results in ostensible correlations between structure and function, which sets great obstacles for further improving Zn anode performance. Herein, sepiolite, a hydrated mineral, and its derived materials to protect the Zn anode is introduced. By precisely tailoring different kinds of water molecules, the crystal/chemical states of the coating material is managed to regulate. Their impacts on Zn anode kinetics are revealed by experiments and DFT calculations, which indicate major interactions of Zn with the water molecules or the oxygens on the silicate backbone before/after the removal of zeolitic/coordinated water, and an important role of the structural water (Mg‐OH hydroxyl group) on the structural stability. The Sep‐OH sample with good stability and desired interaction with Zn shows the best performance in terms of uniforming Zn depositions, inhibiting side reactions and reducing polarizations. The tailoring of water molecules in mineral materials provides a new example for investigating and improving the Zn anodes and other similar electrodes.
Understanding the Role of Small Cations on the Electroluminescence Performance of Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ngai Kwan Ho , Sun Xinwen , Wang Yinping , Lin Long , Chen Zefeng , Wei Qi , Li Mingjie , Luan Chuhao , Zhang Wenjun , Xu Jianbin , Long Mingzhu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe delicate engineering of monovalent cations in perovskite material has led to continuous performance breakthroughs and stability improvement for the perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the exact role of A‐site cations on the electroluminescence (EL) performance and degradation mechanism of PeLEDs has not been systematically answered yet. Herein, it is demonstrated that the most commonly used methylammonium cation (MA+) has an adverse effect on the electrochemical reaction at the interface between perovskite and metal‐oxide layer, leading to deteriorated EL performance as compared to that of the formamidinium cation (FA+)‐based perovskite. It reveals that the accelerated deprotonation process of MA+ under an electric field will aggravate the reaction between iodide and metal ion in oxide layer. The further substitution of a small portion of FA+ with inorganic cesium cation (Cs+) results in much enhanced crystallinity and enlarged crystal size, leading to an optimized peak external quantum efficiency of 21.3%. The ion migration process in the PeLEDs can be significantly suppressed with Cs+ incorporation, leading to a smaller roll‐off under large current density and an elongated half‐lifetime of 190.1 h under a current density of 20 mA cm‐2, representing one of the most stable PeLEDs based on 3D perovskite layer.
Field‐Free Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching in Synthetic Ferro and Antiferromagents with Exchange Field Gradient
Authors: Fan Haodong , Jin Menghao , Luo Yongming , Yang Hongxin , Wu Birui , Feng Zhongshu , Zhuang Yanshan , Shao Ziji , Yu Changqiu , Li Hai , Wen Jiahong , Wang Ningning , Liu Bo , Li Wenjun , Zhou Tiejun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeterministic switching of perpendicularly magnetized synthetic antiferromagnets using spin‐orbit torque (SOT) usually requires an in‐plane auxiliary magnetic field, which limits its practical applications. Here, an exchange field gradient is introduced into perpendicularly magnetized synthetic ferro‐ and antiferromagnets (SFs and SAFs) through the insertion of a slightly wedged Ru between two thin ferromagnetic layers, which induces field‐free switching of perpendicular SFs and SAFs with a switching ratio up to 81% regardless of the nature of the coupling. Temperature‐dependent measurement shows a robust field‐free switching even at low temperature. The experimental results show that the field‐free switching ratio and the effective SOT field are directly related to the exchange field gradient. The theoretical model and numerical simulation indicate that the dynamic noncollinear spin textures induced by the exchange field gradient lead to the field‐free switching, while the sign of the exchange field gradient determines the field‐free switching polarity. It is further revealed that the SOT efficiency is positively correlated with the antiferromagnetic exchange field for both Ru wedged and non‐wedged samples. These results provide a new avenue for simultaneously achieving field‐free switching and high SOT efficiency of perpendicularly magnetized SAFs for highly stable, high‐density, low‐stray‐field, and low‐power magnetic memory devices.
Reprogrammable Spoof Plasmonic Modulator
Authors: Gao Xinxin , Gu Ze , Ma Qian , Cui Wen Yi , Cui Tie Jun , Chan Chi Hou 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDriven by increasing demands for the ultra‐compact interconnects of integrated electronics and the ultrafast information transfer of communication systems, research on spoof plasmonic metamaterials has attracted considerable attention. However, most efforts to date have been only achieved in individual modulation of amplitude or phase at a single frequency because of the limitation of structural design. Herein, an ultra‐thin reprogrammable modulator consisting of a spoof surface plasmonic polariton (SSPP) waveguide and spoof localized surface plasmon (SLSP) resonators is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It allows controlling the amplitudes and phases of surface waves independently. By simultaneously manipulating the SSPP waveguide and SLSP resonators in real time, different modulations are realized in a programmable way, such as amplitude‐shift keying, phase‐shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation, and frequency‐shift keying. Measured results confirm that the reprogrammable plasmonic metamaterial can modulate the surface electromagnetic waves, holding promising applications in integrated circuits and communication systems.
Non‐Flammable Electrolyte with Lithium Nitrate as the Only Lithium Salt for Boosting Ultra‐Stable Cycling and Fire‐Safety Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liao Can , Han Longfei , Wang Wei , Li Wanqing , Mu Xiaowei , Kan Yongchun , Zhu Jixin , Gui Zhou , He Xiangming , Song Lei , Hu Yuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) attract considerable attention for their incomparable energy density. However, safety issues caused by uncontrollable lithium dendrites and highly flammable electrolyte limit large‐scale LMBs applications. Herein, a low‐cost, thermally stable, and low environmentally‐sensitive lithium nitrate (LiNO3) is proposed as the only lithium salt to incorporate with nonflammable triethyl phosphate and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) co‐solvent as the electrolyte anticipated to enhance the performance of LMBs. Benefiting from the presence of NO3− and FEC with strong solvation effect and easily reduced ability, a Li3N–LiF‐rich stable solid electrolyte interphase is constructed. Compared to commercial electrolytes, the proposed electrolyte has a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.31% in Li‐Cu test at 1 mA cm−2 of 1.0 mAh cm−2 with dendrite‐free morphology. Additionally, the electrolyte system shows high voltage stability and cathode electrolyte interphase film‐forming properties with stable cycling performances, which exhibit outstanding capacity retention rates of 96.39% and 83.74% after 1000 cycles for LFP//Li and NCM811//Li, respectively. Importantly, the non‐flammable electrolyte delays the onset of combustion in lithium metal soft pack batteries by 255 s and reduces the peak heat release by 21.02% under the continuous external high‐temperature heating condition. The novel electrolyte can contribute immensely to developing high‐electrochemical‐performance and high‐safety LMBs.
Artificial Helical Screws of 2D Materials with Archimedean Spiral Arrangement
Authors: Hwang Ho Seong , Jung Hong Ju , Kim Jin Goo , Jeong Hyeon Su , Lee Won Jun , Kim Sang Ouk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHelix structures, which are frequently observed in nature, act as versatile structural templates for complex functionalities with asymmetry and anisotropy. However, atomically thin 2D materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and MXenes, do not have inherent chirality in their planar geometry and cannot easily form such a structure. This study presents the macroscopic self‐assembly of 2D materials for helical screws with an Archimedean spiral arrangement. The naturally triggered spontaneous rotation upon the 1D fiber assembly of 2D materials forms helical screws consisting of multiple helices and perversions. For a clear understanding of the morphological evolution of helical screws, variations in the helical pitch and angle are systematically analyzed considering thermodynamic and kinetic conditions. Subsequently, the influence of spontaneous helix formation on the properties of the 2D assembled fibers is investigated in terms of the solvent‐driven actuator performance and electrical and electrothermal properties. The suggested approach provides a new perspective on the directed self‐assembly of inherently achiral 2D materials toward chiral helix formation.
More Than Energy Harvesting in Electret Electronics‐Moving toward Next‐Generation Functional System
Authors: Zhu Jianxiong , Yang Yaxin , Zhang Hui , Zhao Zijing , Hu Tao , Liu Lei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectrets are normally applied for energy conversion from mechanical vibration sources in the environment to electrical power without any friction, which induces electric device sustainability and mechanically robust. It functions for electron storage and electrostatic/triboelectric effect, whose electrical/mechanical performance dramatically benefits energy harvesters, self‐powered sensors, and even intelligent/sustainable systems. To summarize the progress of electret‐based electronics, this review proposes three key issues around enhanced energy harvesting toward sensors and sustainable systems. First, with the properties of long‐term charge storage characteristics and the contactless mechanism for energy harvesting, the enhancement effect in electret from MEMS devices, porous microstructure devices, and multilayer electret devices are carefully assessed with the output power from various devices. Second, the multi‐functional applications aspect along with the triboelectric coupling effect and artificial piezoelectric materials are discussed as future electret devices, for example, polydimethylsiloxane materials. Third, more than energy harvesting, machine learning‐enabled methodology in electret electronics can be more reliable and sustainable, dramatically contributing to the living standard of the society. Electret technologies on the future development trends are finally analyzed and strengthened toward multifunctional, sustainable, and intelligent systems along with the upcoming technologies in coupling mechanism, artificial composite materials, and machine learning in data fusion.
Design of Nanohydrogels for Targeted Intracellular Drug Transport to the Trans‐Golgi Network
Authors: Keller Thorsten , Trinks Nora , Brand Jessica , Trippmacher Steffen , Stahlhut Philipp , Albrecht Krystyna , Papastavrou Georg , Koepsell Hermann , Sauer Markus , Groll Jürgen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNanohydrogels combine advantages of hydrogels and nanoparticles. In particular, they represent promising drug delivery systems. Nanogel synthesis by oxidative condensation of polyglycidol prepolymers, that are modified with thiol groups, results in crosslinking by disulfide bonds. Hereby, biomolecules like the antidiabetic peptide RS1‐reg, derived from the regulatory protein RS1 of the Na+‐D‐glucose cotransporter SGLT1, can be covalently bound by cysteine residues to the nanogel in a hydrophilic, stabilizing environment. After oral uptake, the acid‐stable nanogels protect their loading during gastric passage from proteolytic degradation. Under alkaline conditions in small intestine the nanohydrogels become mucoadhesive, pass the intestinal mucosa and are taken up into small intestinal enterocytes by endocytosis. Using Caco‐2 cells as a model for small intestinal enterocytes, by confocal laser scanning microscopy and structured illumination microscopy, the colocalization of fluorescent‐labeled RS1‐reg with markers of endosomes, lysosomes, and trans‐Golgi‐network after uptake with polyglycidol‐based nanogels formed by precipitation polymerization is demonstrated. This indicates that RS1‐reg follows the endosomal pathway. In the following, the design of bespoken nanohydrogels for specific targeting of RS1‐reg to its site of action at the trans‐Golgi network is described that might also represent a way of targeted transport for other drugs to their targets at the Golgi apparatus.