bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US Life Expectancy Rebounds in 2022
Authors: Wetzler Harry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrom 2019 to 2021 life expectancy at birth in the United States (US) declined by approximately 2.45 years to values not seen since 1996. Complete life tables for 2019 to 2022 were constructed for the total US population, females, and males using mortality data from the CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death database and Census Bureau Vintage population estimates. Life expectancy at birth increased by 1.07 years between 2021 and 2022. Nearly 40% of lost life expectancy years at birth were regained in 2022.
The relationship between mental health, sleep quality, and the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccinations
Authors: Wagenhäuser Isabell , Reusch Julia , Gabel Alexander , Mees Juliane , Nyawale Helmut , Frey Anna , Lâm Thiên-Trí , Schubert-Unkmeir Alexandra , Dölken Lars , Kurzai Oliver , Frantz Stefan , Petri Nils , Krone Manuel , Krone Lukas B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSleep modulates the immune response and sleep loss can reduce the immunogenicity of certain vaccinations. Vice versa immune responses impact sleep. We aimed to investigate the influence of mental health and sleep quality on the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccinations and, conversely, of COVID-19 vaccinations on sleep quality.The prospective CoVacSer study monitored mental health, sleep quality, and Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG titres in a cohort of 1,082 healthcare workers from the 29thof September 2021 to the 19thof December 2022. Questionnaires and blood samples were collected before, 14 days, and three months after the third COVID-19 vaccination. In 154 participants the assessments were also conducted before and 14 days after the fourth COVID-19 vaccination.Healthcare workers with psychiatric disorders had slightly lower Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG levels before the third COVID-19 vaccination. However, this effect was mediated by higher median age and body mass index in this subgroup. Antibody titres following the third and fourth COVID-19 vaccination (‘booster vaccinations’) were not significantly different between subgroups with and without psychiatric disorders. Sleep quality did not affect the humoral immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccinations. Moreover, the COVID-19 vaccinations did not impact self-reported sleep quality.Our data suggests that in a working population neither mental health nor sleep quality relevantly impact the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccinations and that COVID-19 vaccinations are not a precipitating factor for insomnia. The findings from this large-scale real-life cohort study will inform clinical practice regarding the recommendation of COVID-19 booster vaccination for individuals with mental health and sleep problems.
The gray swan: model-based assessment of the risk of sudden failure of hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Stoddard Madison , Yuan Lin , Sarkar Sharanya , Van Egeren Debra , White Laura F. , Chakravarty Arijit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the fourth year of the COVID-19 pandemic, public health authorities worldwide have adopted a strategy of learning to live with SARS-CoV-2. This has involved the removal of measures for limiting viral spread, resulting in a large burden of recurrent SARS-CoV-2 infections. Crucial for managing this burden is the concept of the so-called wall of hybrid immunity, through repeated reinfections and vaccine boosters, to reduce the risk of severe disease and death. Protection against both infection and severe disease is provided by the induction of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2. However, pharmacokinetic (PK) waning and rapid viral evolution both degrade nAb binding titers. The recent emergence of variants with strongly immune evasive potential against both the vaccinal and natural immune responses raises the question of whether the wall of population-level immunity can be maintained in the face of large jumps in nAb binding potency. Here we use an agent-based simulation to address this question. Our findings suggest large jumps in viral evolution may cause failure of population immunity resulting in sudden increases in mortality. As a rise in mortality will only become apparent in the weeks following a wave of disease, reactive public health strategies will not be able to provide meaningful risk mitigation. Learning to live with the virus could thus lead to large death tolls with very little warning. Our work points to the importance of proactive management strategies for the ongoing pandemic, and to the need for multifactorial approaches to COVID-19 disease control.
Improving the representativeness of UK’s national COVID-19 Infection Survey through spatio-temporal regression and post-stratification
Authors: Pouwels Koen B. , Eyre David W. , House Thomas , Aspey Ben , Matthews Philippa C. , Stoesser Nicole , Newton John N. , Diamond Ian , Studley Ruth , H.Taylor Nick G. , Bell John I. , Farrar Jeremy , Kolenchery Jaison , Marsden Brian D. , Hoosdally Sarah , Jones E. Yvonne , Stuart David I. , Crook Derrick W. , Peto Tim E. A. , Walker A Sarah ,   the COVID-19 Infection Survey Team
Published: March 2023

AbstractPopulation-representative estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence and antibody levels in specific geographic areas at different time points are needed to optimise policy responses. However, even population-wide surveys are potentially impacted by biases arising from differences in participation rates across key groups. Here, we use spatio-temporal regression and post-stratification models to UK’s national COVID-19 Infection Survey (CIS) to obtain representative estimates of PCR positivity (6,496,052 tests) and antibody prevalence (1,941,333 tests) for different regions, ages and ethnicities (7-December-2020 to 4-May-2022). Not accounting for vaccination status through post-stratification led to small underestimation of PCR positivity, but more substantial overestimations of antibody levels in the population (up to 21%), particularly in groups with low vaccine uptake in the general population. There was marked variation in the relative contribution of different areas and age-groups to each wave. Future analyses of infectious disease surveys should take into account major drivers of outcomes of interest that may also influence participation, with vaccination being an important factor to consider.
Is the Patient State Index Recorded with the Sedline Sedation Monitor Correlated with the Duration of Emergence After Pediatric Surgery: An Exploratory, Single-center, Blinded, Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mitrev Ludmil , Pasch Stuart , Brotman Ian , Gourkanti Bharathi , Habib Fatima , Schwartz Michael , van Helmond Noud 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionFollowing surgery with general anesthesia, some children experience a prolonged emergence. We designed a prospective observational study in children undergoing general anesthesia who were monitored with the SedLine®Sedation Monitoring system (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA) to explore the hypothesis that the Patient State Index (PSI) obtained with this monitor could be inversely correlated with the duration of emergence after anesthesia.Materials and methodsProspective, observational single center study in a tertiary academic center in the United States. Fifty-six children between the ages of 1 and 12 years scheduled to undergo non-emergent surgery with general inhalational anesthesia were enrolled. Demographic and intraoperative characteristics were recorded. All caregivers were blinded to the PSI. Correlations were derived between PSI, duration of emergence, post-anesthesia care unit length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS. PSI was analyzed in categories of <25, 25-50, and >50 both as absolute time spent in each category, and as the fraction of time compared to the length of the anesthetic. The development of emergence delirium (ED) was recorded as a secondary outcome variable.ResultsThe correlation coefficients between the PSI categories and the outcomes were weak (<0.3). Only two of the correlation coefficients reached statistical significance at p=0.05: fraction and absolute time spent in PSI category > 50 and PACU length of stay, indicating that longer periods of PSI > 50 during the anesthetic were associated with longer PACU LOS. Three patients (5%) developed ED.ConclusionPSI measured with the SedLine monitor was not significantly correlated with the duration of emergence. There was a weak positive correlation between intraoperative time spent with PSI readings >50 and PACU LOS. Our sample did not have a high-enough event rate of ED to make statistical inferences about a correlation between PSI, ED and duration of emergence.
Imaging the effects of tumour necrosis factor inhibition on pain processing in severe rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wartolowska Karolina , Jenkinson Mark , Andersson Jesper , Wordsworth B. Paul , Tracey Irene 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMonoclonal antibodies against tumour necrosis factor (TNF) markedly reduce inflammation and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis; however, the mechanisms through which they affect pain are not fully understood.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate how monoclonal antibodies against TNF alter pain processing and to determine whether neuroimaging can be used as a marker of treatment efficacy and a predictor of treatment response.MethodsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the neural correlates of clinically-relevant pain evoked by pressing the most painful joint of the right hand and experimental pain evoked by a thermal stimulus applied to the right forearm. A flashing checkerboard was used as a control stimulus. Patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis, qualifying for the anti-TNF treatment, were scanned before the beginning of the therapy and then approximately one and six months after the first injection.ResultsTNF inhibition was associated with a marked reduction in pain ratings, inflammation, disease activity as well as depression and catastrophising scores. Effective treatment was linked with less pressure-evoked brain activation in the regions involved in the processing of the sensory aspect of pain and in the limbic structures. Baseline pressure-evoked activation in the thalamus predicted future response to treatment. There was no reduction in heat-evoked brain activation; on the contrary, there was an increase in the activation in the precuneus, which is involved in interoception. There were no differences in response to the visual stimulus.ConclusionsTNF inhibition strongly reduces brain activation in response to clinically relevant pressure pain but not experimental heat pain and these changes reflect the decrease of nociceptive input from the periphery due to the reduction of inflammation as well as central changes in pain modulation. Neuroimaging methods have the potential to explain and predict treatment effects in inflammatory pain conditions.
Influence of liver attenuation on the severity of course COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shumskaya Yuliya F. , Gonchar Anna P. , Mnatsakanyan Marina G. , Blokhin Ivan A. , Reshetnikov Roman V. , Vasilev Yuriy A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is no unequivocal opinion concerning the influence of decreased liver attenuation on the COVID-19 severity, but its widespread occurrence among these patients has been shown. It is still debatable whether decreased liver attenuation is an independent risk factor for the severe course of CVID-19.Study objectiveTo assess the prognostic value of liver attenuation on CT scan in patients with COVID-19.Material and methodsA retrospective cohort study. Data of COVID-19 outpatients were analyzed. Inclusion criteria: two chest CT scans, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in blood, and polymerase chain reaction results to verify SARS-CoV-2. Subjects were categorized into four comparison groups depending on the severity of lung involvement. Liver attenuation was analyzed by automatic segmentation, where the values less than 40 HU were considered pathological.ResultsData from 499 subjects were included. The groups differed in age and the level of liver attenuation on both CT scans. No correlation between ALT, AST and changes in liver attenuation was found. On follow-up CT, low liver attenuation was observed in males (odds ratio (OR) 2.79 (95% CI 1.42–5.47),p-value= 0.003) and in patients with a baseline reduced liver attenuation (OR 60.59 (95% CI 30.51–120.33),p-value< 0.001). Age over 60 years was associated with the development of lung lesions (OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.02–1.06) for extent of lung injury < 25%, OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.05–1.11) for 25–50%, OR 1.1 (95% CI 1.06–1.15) for 25– 50%,p-value< 0.001). Low liver attenuation on the baseline CT scan increased the odds of severe lung injury (OR 6.9 (95% CI 2.06–23.07),p-value= 0.002).ConclusionIn COVID-19, patients with low liver attenuation are more likely to develop severe lung damage.
Pointing in the right direction: Motor improvements with directional versus circular DBS
Authors: Hurt Christopher P , Kuhman Daniel J , Guthrie Barton L , Olson Joseph W , Nakhmani Arie , Wade Melissa , Walker Harrison C 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTDirectional brain stimulation provides greater control of radial current spread than conventional ring-shaped electrodes. Whether this added flexibility can improve motor function is unclear. Here we examine whether directional and circular stimulation differentially change motor performance in patients with Parkinson’s disease. We measured motor behaviors in 31 patients who underwent unilateral subthalamic nucleus brain stimulation surgery (SUNDIAL,NCT03353688) from each of 8 configurations (6 directional contacts and their corresponding rings) during device activation. Objective measures of dexterity, gait, balance, and overall mobility were queried in a double-blind fashion in the practically defined “off” medication state versus preoperative baseline with stimulus amplitude at the center of the therapeutic window. The best versus the worst directional contact on a given row yields significant changes in performance across 5 motor tasks (p<0.001 each task). Specific stimulation directions can worsen function versus baseline, whereas the best direction yields greater improvement than ring stimulation (p=0.005, p=0.001, p=0.007, p<0.001, respectively, across tasks). Although directional DBS improves side effect thresholds versus ring stimulation (p<0.001), the side effect threshold and therapeutic window correlate only modestly with motor improvements. Resting beta power did not predict motor improvements by directional DBS across any of the motor tasks. Optimized directional subthalamic nucleus DBS yields better group-level motor performance than ring stimulation, in addition to known advantages related to tolerability. Prospective studies should evaluate whether these improvements persist over longer time intervals.
Quantification of Subtype Purity in Luminal A Breast Cancer Predicts Clinical Characteristics and Survival
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Gann Peter H. , McGregor Stephanie M. , Sethi Amit 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTPurposePAM50 profiling assigns each breast cancer to a single intrinsic subtype based on a bulk tissue sample. However, individual cancers may show evidence of admixture with an alternate subtype that could affect prognosis and treatment response. We developed a method to model subtype admixture using semi-supervised non-negative matrix factorization (ssNMF) of whole transcriptome data and associated it with tumor, molecular, and survival characteristics for Luminal A (LumA) samples.MethodsWe combined TCGA and METABRIC cohorts and obtained transcriptome, molecular, and clinical data, which yielded 11,379 gene transcripts in common, and 1,179 cases assigned to LumA. We used ssNMF to compute the subtype admixture proportions of the four major subtypes – pLumA, pLumB, pHER2 and pBasal – for each case and measured associations with tumor characteristics, molecular features, and survival.ResultsLuminal A cases with low pLumA transcriptomic proportion were likelier to have non-luminal pathology, higher clinical and genomic risk factors, and lower overall survival (log rankP< 10−5), independent of age, stage, and tumor size. We found positive associations between pHER2 and HER2-positivity by IHC or FISH; between pLumB and PR negativity; and between pBasal and younger age, node positivity,TP53mutation, and EGFR expression. Predominant basal admixture, in contrast to predominant LumB or HER2 admixture, was not associated with shorter survival.ConclusionsBulk sampling for genomic analyses provides an opportunity to expose intratumor heterogeneity, as reflected by subtype admixture. Our results elucidate the striking extent of diversity among LumA cancers and suggest that determining the extent and type of admixture holds promise for refining individualized therapy. LumA cancers with a high degree of basal admixture appear to have distinct biological characterstics that warrant further study.
Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes during the global pandemic Covid-19 in indonesian tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Farizi Sofia Al , Setyowati Dewi , Azyanti Azra Fauziyah , Fatmaningrum Dyah Ayu , Candrakirana Rahayu Kusuma 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimAnalyse differences in intervention and pregnancy outcomes characteristics in obstetric patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 at one of the Indonesia tertiary referral hospital in East Java.DesignThis was cross sectional study.MethodsThis study was performed 694 obstetric patients, the data for these patients were obtained from the hospital medical records Sampling was used simple random. This study used Mann-Whitney test to analyse the differences between the variables.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the Length Of Stay (LOS), LOS of COVID-19 patients tends to be longer than that of non-COVID-19 patients. More than half of the patients gave birth by caesarean delivery, 83 for COVID-19 and 283 for Non COVID-19. Some of the most common complications among COVID-19 patients were maternal infectious and parasitic diseases (1.3% vs 0.0%), abnormalities of forces of labour (12.3% vs 9.6%), complication of puerperium (0.6 % vs 0.0%). 40.9% COVID-19 patient suffered Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). COVID-19 infection had no significant effect on pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionSeveral interventions need to be re-evaluated, such as cesarean delivery in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. The health-care delivery system must also be re-evaluated, and the tiered referral system must be strengthened.
Metagenome-assembled microbial genomes from Parkinson’s disease fecal samples
Authors: Duru Ilhan Cem , Lecomte Alexandre , Shishido Tânia Keiko , Laine Pia , Suppula Joni , Paulin Lars , Scheperjans Filip , Pereira Pedro A. B. , Auvinen Petri 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe human gut microbiome composition has been linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, knowledge of the gut microbiota on the genome level is still limited. Here we performed deep metagenomic sequencing and binning to build metagenome-assembled genomes (MAG) from 136 human fecal microbiomes (68 PD samples and 68 control samples). We constructed 952 non-redundant high-quality MAGs and compared them between PD and control groups. Among these MAGs, there were 22 different versions ofCollinsellaandPrevotellaMAGs, indicating high variability of those genera in the human gut environment. Microdiversity analysis indicated thatRuminococcus bromiiwas statistically significantly (p < 0.002) more diverse on the strain level in the control samples compared to the PD samples. In addition, by clustering all genes and performing presence-absence analysis between groups, we identified several control-specific (p < 0.05) related genes, such asspeFand Fe-S oxidoreductase. We also report detailed annotation of MAGs, including Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG), Cas operon type, antiviral gene, prophage, and secondary metabolites biosynthetic gene clusters, which can be useful for providing a reference for future studies.
Comparison of hemodynamic response functions obtained from resting-state functional MRI and invasive electrophysiological recordings in rats
Authors: Rangaprakash D , David Olivier , Barry Robert L , Deshpande Gopikrishna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is a popular technology that has enriched our understanding of brain and spinal cord functioning, including how different regions communicate (connectivity). But fMRI is an indirect measure of neural activity capturing blood hemodynamics. The hemodynamic response function (HRF) interfaces between the unmeasured neural activity and measured fMRI time series. The HRF is variable across brain regions and individuals, and is modulated by non-neural factors. Ignoring this HRF variability causes errors in FC estimates. Hence, it is crucial to reliably estimate the HRF from rs-fMRI data. Robust techniques have emerged to estimate the HRF from fMRI time series. Although such techniques have been validated non-invasively using simulated and empirical fMRI data, thorough invasive validation using simultaneous electrophysiological recordings, the gold standard, has been elusive. This report addresses this gap in the literature by comparing HRFs derived from invasive intracranial electroencephalogram recordings with HRFs estimated from simultaneously acquired fMRI data in six epileptic rats. We found that the HRF shape parameters (HRF amplitude, latency and width) were not significantly different (p>0.05) between ground truth and estimated HRFs. In the single pathological region, the HRF width was marginally significantly different (p=0.03). Our study provides preliminary invasive validation for the efficacy of the HRF estimation technique in reliably estimating the HRF non-invasively from rs-fMRI data directly. This has a notable impact on rs-fMRI connectivity studies, and we recommend that HRF deconvolution be performed to minimize HRF variability and improve connectivity estimates.
Prevalence ofPlasmodium vivaxin a semi-arid region of northern Kenya
Authors: Prudhomme O’Meara Wendy , Maraga Linda , Meredith Hannah , Esimit Daniel , Lokoel Gilchrist , Chepkwony Tabitha , Kipkoech Joseph , Ambani George , Menya Diana , Freedman Elizabeth , Taylor Steve , Obala Andrew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost malaria morbidity in Kenya is due toPlasmodium falciparumwith no cases attributed toP.vivax. Little is known about the epidemiology in northern Kenya along the border with Ethiopia and Sudan. We found that 2% of household members ofP.falciparumcases were infected withP.vivax, affecting all ages in urban and rural sites.