bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipidmanagement zur Reduktion des kardiovaskulären Risikos bei Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Brandts Julia 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDiabetes mellitus Typ 2 (T2DM) verdoppelt das Risiko für atherosklerotische Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Die überwiegende Mehrheit dieses erhöhten Risikos lässt sich nicht durch die Koexistenz herkömmlicher Risikofaktoren erklären. Bei einigen Menschen können T2DM und Insulinresistenz die Produktion triglyzeridreicher Lipoproteine (TRL) erhöhen. Diese enthalten ein Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB) und transportieren Triglyzeride (TG) und Cholesterinester, sodass sie in die Intima der Arterien eindringen und die Bildung atherosklerotischer Plaques induzieren können. Daher ist das kardiovaskuläre Risiko weiter erhöht (über das durch T2DM allein bedingte Risiko hinaus). Die derzeitigen kardiovaskulären Therapien im Lipidmanagement konzentrieren sich auf die Senkung der ApoB-haltigen Lipoproteine und des Nicht-HDL‑C (HDL: „high density lipoprotein“, C: Cholesterin) als Mittel zur Verringerung des kardiovaskulären Risikos. Neben Statinen und Ezetimib gibt es auch neue Ansätze. Dazu gehören Bempedoinsäure, eine Pro-Drug, die über eine Hemmung des Cholesterinsynthesewegs wirkt und die Expression von LDL-Rezeptoren (LDL: „low density lipoprotein“) erhöht, und PCSK9-Targeting (PCSK9: Proproteinkonvertase Subtilisin/Kexin Typ 9) durch „small interfering RNA“ (RNA: Ribonukleinsäure) sowie monoklonale Antikörper, die den Lebenszyklus exprimierter LDL-Rezeptoren verlängern. All diese Ansätze führen zu einer Beseitigung von ApoB-haltigen Lipoproteinen. Die meisten Studien mit Omega-3-Fettsäuren ergaben keinen zusätzlichen kardiovaskulären Nutzen, mit Ausnahme von Icosapentethyl, das trotz bescheidener Senkung von TG und TRL die Zahl der kardiovaskulären Ereignisse reduzierte. Im Gegensatz dazu ist der kardiovaskuläre Nutzen von Fibraten vor dem Hintergrund der heutigen Therapie nicht bewiesen. Da Patienten mit T2DM ein höheres absolutes Risiko haben, werden für sie in der Regel niedrigere Lipidziele empfohlen. Zwangsläufig sind diese für die meisten Patienten mit einer Monotherapie nur schwer zu erreichen, sodass Kombinationstherapien erforderlich sind.
Factors Associated with Treatment Response at 1-Year Follow-Up from a Residential Substance Use Disorder Programme for Young People Aged 16–24 Years
Authors: Marceau Ely M. , Holmes Gabriella , Mullaney Lauren , Grenyer Brin F. S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIdentifying correlates of treatment response may help to improve outcomes for adolescents and young people with substance use disorder (SUD). We assessed treatment response in an adolescent/young person-specific community-based residential SUD programme located in NSW, Australia. Participants (N = 100) were aged 16–24 years and recruited between 2018 and 2020 from a cohort study investigating treatment outcomes over time. We assessed treatment response using available data at 1-year follow-up (n = 24). Approximately one third (n = 9) of participants were classified as responders at 1-year follow-up (i.e. scoring below the clinical cut-off on the Brief Symptom Inventory Global Severity Index). At treatment entry, responders had higher levels of self-efficacy (d = 1.04), better functional status (d = 1.09), and less borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms (d = 1.26). Exploratory whole-sample analyses indicated over half of participants (56%) screened positively for a diagnosis of BPD at treatment entry, which was associated with more severe global psychiatric symptoms (d = .85), poorer functional status, (d = .76), lower self-efficacy (d = .73), higher substance use severity (d = .46), yet better cognitive functioning (d = .75). Findings suggest that comorbid BPD is common in this setting and may contribute to poorer outcomes for adolescents and young people with SUD.
SIRT2 Inhibition Rescues Neurodegenerative Pathology but Increases Systemic Inflammation in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sola-Sevilla Noemi , Mesa-Lombardo Alberto , Aleixo Mikel , Expósito Sara , Diaz-Perdigón Teresa , Azqueta Amaya , Zamani Farzad , Suzuki Takayoshi , Maioli Silvia , Eroli Francesca , Matton Anna , Ramírez Maria J. , Solas Maite , Tordera Rosa M. , Martín Eduardo D. , Puerta Elena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSirtuin 2 (SIRT2) has been proposed to have a central role on aging, inflammation, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases; however, its specific function remains controversial. Recent studies propose SIRT2 pharmacological inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Surprisingly, none of these published studies regarding the potential interest of SIRT2 inhibition has assessed the peripheral adverse side consequences of this treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that the specific SIRT2 inhibitor, the compound 33i, does not exhibit genotoxic or mutagenic properties. Moreover, pharmacological treatment with 33i, improved cognitive dysfunction and long-term potentiation, reducing amyloid pathology and neuroinflammation in the APP/PS1 AD mouse model. However, this treatment increased peripheral levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF, IL-6 and MCP-1. Accordingly, peripheral SIRT2 inhibition with the blood brain barrier impermeable compound AGK-2, worsened the cognitive capacities and increased systemic inflammation. The analysis of human samples revealed that SIRT2 is increased in the brain but not in the serum of AD patients. These results suggest that, although SIRT2 pharmacological inhibition may have beneficial consequences in neurodegenerative diseases, its pharmacological inhibition at the periphery would not be recommended and the systemic adverse side effects should be considered. This information is essential to maximize the therapeutic potential of SIRT2 inhibition not only for AD but also for other neurodegenerative diseases.
Graphical Abstract
Impeachment as Last Resort to Safeguard Democracy? Removing the Head of Government in Different Institutional Settings
Authors: Tokatlı Mahir 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDemocracy would essentially fail if, despite an electoral defeat, the government refused to concede office. This possibility is a constant uncertainty that democracy has to deal with, which makes it fragile in terms of its survival. This was on full display after the 2020 U.S. presidential election, including the resulting denials by then President Trump and his followers and their attempts to have the results overturned, with the dramatic conflict culminating in the storming of the Capitol. Trust, but also mistrust, is constitutive for democratic regimes: Trust makes democracies exist, and mistrust makes them survive. Recent studies have pointed out that institutionalized mistrust has long been ignored as relevant for democracies; however, there is little if any research attention given to the most pivotal tool in terms of institutionalized mistrust, namely the vote of no confidence or the early removal of the head of government from office. In parliamentary systems, parliament can remove the head of government for political reasons, whereas presidentialism lacks this option, although impeachment provides a way of removal on legal grounds. This article aims to prompt further reflection in comparative government on how these tools of institutionalized mistrust are defined in the context of different institutional settings and what potential risks they entail. Do the principles of trust and mistrust actually differ between the various governmental systems? Finally, does impeachment strengthen democratic principles, or is it pathological in a sense that it might even foster autocratization?
Effect of Wnt10a/β-catenin signaling pathway on promoting the repair of different types of dentin-pulp injury
Authors: Li Yue , Wu Meiying , Xing Xinyu , Li Xingxing , Shi Congchong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHow to repair dentin-pulp injury effectively has always been a clinical problem, and the comparative study of repair process between different injuries is unknown. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) often are selected as seed cells for the study of dentin-pulp injury repair due to excellent advantages in odontogenesis and pulp differentiation. Although many previous researches have indicated that the Wnt protein and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were crucial for dental growth, development, and injury repair, the specific mechanism remained unknown. In this study, different dentine-pulp injury models of adult mice were established successfully by abrasion and cutting methods. The gross morphology and micro-CT were used to observe the repair of injured mice incisor in different groups. We found that the repair time of each group was different. The repair time of the cutting group was longer than the abrasion group and the qRT-PCR detection showed that the expression of DSPP in the cutting group was higher than that in the abrasion group, but there was no significant difference in proliferation among the groups. In vivo and cell experiments showed that activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can promote the proliferation and odontoblast differentiation of DPSCs. In addition, by using RNAscope staining, we observed that Wnt10a was mainly expressed in the proliferative region and partially expressed in the odontoblast region. The Western blotting results showed that in the early stage of repair, the expression of Wnt10a increased with the extension of days after injury in both abrasion and cutting group and the increase of Wnt10a was tested obviously on the 5th day after injury. But on the 7th day after injury, the expression of Wnt10a was still obvious in the cutting group, while the expression of Wnt10a was significantly reduced in the abrasion group, which was close to the control group. It is suggested that Wnt10a acts as a repair-related protein and has an important role in tooth injury repair. Wnt10a was activated by R-spondin and LiCl, and Wnt10a-siRNA DPSCs were constructed to inhibit Wnt10a. The results showed that Wnt10a/β-catenin signaling pathway promoted the proliferation and odontoblast differentiation of DPSCs. It plays a crucial role in the repair process of different injuries. This study enriched the mechanisms of Wnt10a /β-catenin signaling pathways in different types of dentin-pulp injury repair, which could provide experimental evidences for the target gene screening and also give some new ideas for the subsequent research on the molecular mechanisms of tooth regeneration.
Graphical Abstract
Intra-gastric balloon with lifestyle modification: a promising therapeutic option for overweight and obese patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: van Dijk A. M. , de Vries M. , El-Morabit F. , Bac S. T. , Mundt M. W. , van der Schuit L. E. , Hirdes M. M. C. , Kara M. , de Bruijne J. , van Meer S. , Kaasjager H. A. H. , de Valk H. W. , Vleggaar F. P. , van Erpecum K. J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Data on effects of intra-gastric balloon (IGB) on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are scarce, in part with contradictory results, and mainly obtained in tertiary care patients with diabetes and other comorbidities. We here explore effects of IGB in patients with MASLD referred to a first-line obesity clinic.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, patients with at least significant fibrosis (≥ F2) and/or severe steatosis (S3) according to screening transient elastography (FibroScan®) were offered a second FibroScan® after 6 months lifestyle modification with or without IGB (based on patient preference). Results: 50 of 100 consecutively screened patients (generally non-diabetic) qualified for repeated evaluation and 29 (58%) of those had a second FibroScan®. At baseline, at least significant fibrosis was present in 28% and severe steatosis in 91%. IGB was placed in 19 patients (59%), whereas 10 patients (41%) preferred only lifestyle modification (no differences in baseline characteristics between both groups). After 6 months, liver stiffness decreased markedly in the IGB group (median: from 6.0 to 4.9 kPa, p = 0.005), but not in the lifestyle modification only group (median: from 5.5 to 6.9 kPa, p = 0.477). Steatosis improved in both groups, (controlled attenuation parameter values; IGB, mean ± SD: from 328 ± 34 to 272 ± 62 dB/m, p = 0.006: lifestyle modification only, mean ± SD: from 344 ± 33 to 305 ± 43 dB/m: p = 0.006).

Conclusion
Both steatosis and fibrosis improve markedly in overweight/obese patients with MASLD after 6 months IGB combined with lifestyle modification. Our results warrant further research into long-term effect of IGB in these patients.
The impact of a non-restrictive Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in the emergency department of a secondary-level Italian hospital
Authors: Monari Caterina , Onorato Lorenzo , Allegorico Enrico , Minerva Valentina , Macera Margherita , Bosso Giorgio , Calò Federica , Pagano Antonio , Russo Teresa , Sansone Gennaro , D’Isanto Marina , Casciotta Antonio , Vanni Monica , Numis Fabio Giuliano , Coppola Nicola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEvidence supporting the effectiveness of Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) Programs in the emergency department (ED) setting is limited. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the efficacy of an AMS program in an ED and a short-stay observation unit. The intervention included periodic prospective audits (twice a week), conducted by four infectious disease consultants. Primary outcomes included the difference in the hospital mortality rate, antibiotic consumption, and the incidence of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria, before March 2020–February 2021 and after March 2021–February 2022 when the program was implemented. Interrupted time-series analysis was performed to assess the effect of our program. During the 12-month program, we performed 152 audits and evaluated 366 antibiotic therapies out of a total of 853 patients admitted. In the intervention period, we observed a non-statistically significant decrease in total antibiotic consumption, with a change in level of − 31.2 defined daily dose/100 patient-days (PD) (p = 0.71). Likewise, we found no significant variations in the rate of BSI due to MDR Gram-positive (CT − 0.02 events/PD, p = 0.84), MDR Gram-negative bacteria (CT 0.08, p = 0.71), or Candida spp. (CT 0.008, p = 0.86). Conversely, we found a significant decrease in the mortality rate between the pre- and post-intervention periods (− 1.98 deaths/100 PD, CI − 3.9 to − 0.007, p = 0.049). The Antibiotic Stewardship Program in the ED was associated with a significant decrease in the mortality rate. More high-quality studies are needed to determine the most effective ASP strategies in this unique setting.
Partial aging can counter-intuitively couple with sulfidation to improve the reactive durability of zerovalent iron
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Gu Kaili , Zhang Jinhua , Li Jinxiang , Qian Jieshu , Shen Jinyou , Guan Xiaohong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSulfated zero-valent iron (SZVI) has shown promising applications in wastewater treatment. However, the rapid decline in the reactivity of SZVI with time limits its real practice. To mediate this problem, partial aging was proposed to improve the reactive durability of SZVI. Taking Cr(VI) as the target contaminant, we found that the aged ZVI (AZVI) gradually lost reactivity as aging time increased from 0.5 to 2 d. Counter-intuitively, the partially aged SZVI (ASZVI) showed greater reactivity than SZVI when exposed to oxygenated water for a period ranging from 0.5 to 14 d. In addition, the ASZVI with 0.5 d of aging time (ASZVI-0.5) not only maintained reactivity in successive runs but also increased the Cr(VI) removal capacity from 9.1 mg/g by SZVI to 19.1 mg/g by ASZVI-0.5. Correlation analysis further revealed that the electron transfer from the Fe0 core to the shell was mediated by the conductive FeS and FeS2 in the subshell of ASZVI. Meanwhile, the lepidocrocite and magnetite on the surface of ASZVI facilitated Cr(VI) adsorption and subsequent electron transfer for Cr(VI) reduction. Moreover, the iron (hydr)oxide shell could retain the conductive FeS and FeS2 in the subshell, allowing ASZVI to reduce Cr(VI) efficiently and sustainably. In general, partial aging can enhance the reactive durability of ZVI when coupled with sulfidation and this synergistic effect will be beneficial to the application of SZVI-based technology for wastewater treatment.
Neck orthosis design for 3D printing with user enhanced comfort features
Authors: Ambu Rita , Oliveri Salvatore Massimo , Calì Michele 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn area of interest in orthopaedics is the development of efficient customized neck orthoses, considered that pathologies which affect the neck area are widespread. Advanced acquisition and modelling approaches combined with Additive Manufacturing (AM) can potentially provide customized orthoses with improved performance and complexity. However, in the design of these devices, besides functional and structural requirements, benefit and comfort of the patient should be a main concern, in particular, at the early stage of design during the acquisition of the body’s part, and while using the printed orthosis. In this paper, a scanning system with three sensors was developed which allows a fast, about 5 s, and accurate acquisition of the neck area with minimum discomfort for the patient. A neck orthosis with a ventilation pattern obtained by Topology Optimization (TO), lightened by about 35%, was also established. In fact, a main role for comfort is played by the ventilation pattern which contributes both to lightness and breathability. Its structural and comfort performance was evaluated in comparison with an orthosis with a ventilation pattern configured by Voronoi cells. Structural assessment was carried out by means of finite element analysis under main loading conditions. An evaluation of neck temperatures in relation to wearing 3D printed prototypes, manufactured with Hemp Bio-Plastic® filament, was finally conducted by means of a thermal imaging camera. TO orthosis prototype showed a better performance regarding thermal comfort, with a maximum increase of neck temperature less than 1 °C, which makes the proposed configuration very promising for user's comfort.
The Role of Pyroptosis and Autophagy in the Nervous System
Authors: Zhao Huijie , Fu Xiaodi , Zhang Yanting , Chen Chaoran , Wang Honggang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAutophagy is a conservative self-degradation system, which includes the two major processes of enveloping abnormal proteins, organelles and other macromolecules, and transferring them into lysosomes for the subsequent degradation. It holds the stability of the intracellular environment under stress. So far, three types of autophagy have been found: microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy and macroautophagy. Many diseases have the pathological process of autophagy dysfunction, such as nervous system diseases. Pyroptosis is one kind of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin (GSDM). In this process of pyroptosis, the activated caspase-3, caspase-4/5/11, or caspase-1 cleaves GSDM into the N-terminal pore-forming domain (PFD). The oligomer of PFD combines with the cell membrane to form membrane holes, thus leading to pyroptosis. Pyroptosis plays a key role in multiple tissues and organs. Many studies have revealed that autophagy and pyroptosis participate in the nervous system, but the mechanisms need to be fully clarified. Here, we focused on the recent articles on the role and mechanism of pyroptosis and autophagy in the pathological processes of the nervous system.
Pegasos: a framework for the creation of direct mobile coaching feedback systems
Authors: Dobiasch Martin , Oppl Stefan , Stöckl Michael , Baca Arnold 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFeedback is essential for athletes in order to improve their sport performance. Feedback systems try to provide athletes and coaches not only with visualisations of acquired data, but moreover, with insights into—possibly—invisible aspects of their performance. With the widespread adoption of smartphones and the increase in their capabilities, their use as a device for applications of feedback systems is becoming increasingly popular. However, developing mobile feedback systems requires a high level of expertise from researchers and practitioners. The Direct Mobile Coaching model is a design-paradigm for mobile feedback systems. In order to reduce programming efforts, PEGASOS, a framework for creating feedback systems implementing the so-called Direct Mobile Coaching model, is introduced. The paper compares this framework with state-of-the-art research with regard to their ability of providing different variants feedback and offering multimodality to users.
Freestanding carbon fiber-confined yolk-shelled silicon-based anode for promoted lithium storage applications
Authors: Jia Dong-Chen , Feng Yuan-Yong , Zhang Chuan-Long , Li Jian-Jiang , Zhang Bin-Wei , Dou Yu-Hai , Roy Jagadish Chandra , Zhu Xiao-Yi , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA flexible carbon fiber-confined yolk-shelled silicon-based composite is reported as an anode material for lithium storage applications. Silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) are confined by the N-doped hollow carbon cages (Si-NHC) and these uniform dispersed yolk-shell-structured Si-NHC units were encapsulated by the carbon fibers within an interconnected three-dimensional (3D) framework (Si-NHC@CNFs). For the encapsulated yolk-shelled Si-NHC, the void space between the inner Si NPs and outer NHC can accommodate the structural changes of Si NPs during charging/discharging processes, leading to effectively improved structural stability and cycling life. More importantly, all the Si-NHC units were bridged together through a conductive CNFs “highway” to enhance the overall conductivity and tap density further. As observed, Si-NHC@CNFs exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 1364.1 mAh·g−1 at 1000 mA·g−1 and 678.9 mAh·g−1 at 2000 mA·g−1. Furthermore, the reversible capacity was well maintained at 752.2 mAh·g−1 at 500 mA·g−1 after 6000 ultra-long cycles.
Graphical abstract
A Systematic Review of Identity and Access Management Requirements in Enterprises and Potential Contributions of Self-Sovereign Identity
Authors: Glöckler Jana , Sedlmeir Johannes , Frank Muriel , Fridgen Gilbert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDigital identity and access management (IAM) poses significant challenges for companies. Cyberattacks and resulting data breaches frequently have their root cause in enterprises’ IAM systems. During the COVID-19 pandemic, issues with the remote authentication of employees working from home highlighted the need for better IAM solutions. Using a design science research approach, the paper reviews the requirements for IAM systems from an enterprise perspective and identifies the potential benefits of self-sovereign identity (SSI) – an emerging, passwordless paradigm in identity management that provides end users with cryptographic attestations stored in digital wallet apps. To do so, this paper first conducts a systematic literature review followed by an interview study and categorizes IAM system requirements according to security and compliance, operability, technology, and user aspects. In a second step, it presents an SSI-based prototype for IAM, whose suitability for addressing IAM challenges was assessed by twelve domain experts. The results suggest that the SSI-based authentication of employees can address requirements in each of the four IAM requirement categories. SSI can specifically improve manageability and usability aspects and help implement acknowledged best practices such as the principle of least privilege. Nonetheless, the findings also reveal that SSI is not a silver bullet for all of the challenges that today’s complex IAM systems face.