bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boom‐and‐bust cycles of holothurian (sea cucumber) populations in the Chagos Archipelago: An indication of poaching or natural processes?
Authors: Widman Elizabeth A. , Collins Claire , Evans Lowri , Price Andrew R. G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The Chagos Archipelago is a remote Indian Ocean atoll of international conservation significance. Holothurians (sea cucumbers) are a major resource and influence reef health. Past populations have fluctuated from poaching and natural events.
Visual censuses of holothurians were conducted in 62 shallow‐water transects within four atolls of Chagos in 2014, 4 years after creation of the Marine Protected Area, to determine its possible influence on holothurians.
Comparison with data from the same locations in 2006 and 2010, using the same methodologies, showed significant overall population decline at Diego Garcia, recovery at Salomon (significant) and Peros Banhos (not significant), and no significant change on the Great Chagos Bank.
The median abundance of Holothuria atra and Bohadschia sp(p.) decreased at Diego Garcia, while that of Stichopus chloronotus increased at Diego Garcia and Salomon atolls. Changes for other species were less marked.
Diego Garcia, Salomon and Peros Bahnos showed a decline in diversity (no. of holothurian taxa and/or Shannon index, H), but diversity has been relatively stable on the Great Chagos Bank.
All atolls, except Diego Garcia, are uninhabited and illegal fishing of holothurians, principally by Sri Lankan fishers, appears to have eased since 2005/2006, based on evaluation of 299 patrol survey reports. This may have led to the recovery or stabilization of populations in the outer atolls of Salomon, Peros Banhos atolls and the Great Chagos Bank.
The reasons for holothurian decline at Diego Garcia, where exploitation is also prohibited (but cannot be ruled out), are unclear. Population patterns on all islands may reflect both natural fluctuations and disturbance events, including changing exploitation pressure.
Conservation requirements include periodic re‐censusing of holothurians and ongoing monitoring of illegal fishing to help safeguard populations and the integrity of the Marine Protected Area.
Tetraplegic spinal cord injury as a presentation of multiple myeloma: A case report
Authors: Smith Leon Edward , Li Vicky Ying , Chan Simon 
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical MessageSpinal cord injury is a devastating complication of cancers that exert physical compression on the spinal cord. Multiple myeloma is known predominantly as a condition that involves bony structures and can manifest with complications such as pathological fractures. However, involvement of other structures including spinal cord is a possible complication, with potentially catastrophic consequences. We describe a case of multiple myeloma presenting initially as severe paraplegia secondary to spinal cord compression in a 79‐year‐old man.
Predictors of child student engagement in elementary school: A mixed‐methods study exploring the role of externalising problems
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Raquel , Pereira Ana Isabel , Pedro Marta , Roberto Magda Sofia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStudent engagement promotes school learning and adaptation and can be a protective factor for children who are vulnerable to school failure. A longitudinal mixed‐methods study was conducted to identify individual, family and school predictors of children's school engagement as well as to explore the facilitators of and obstacles to student engagement at school amongst children with externalising problems. The sample consisted of 369 elementary school children (53.7% girls) and their parents as well as 35 teachers. Participants completed several measures to evaluate emotional and behavioural engagement at school, externalising behaviours, parental emotional support, parental involvement with the school and student–teacher relationships. Semi structured interviews were conducted with a subsample of 17 parents of children with high levels of externalising problems. Problems with externalising behaviours and student–teacher relationships were significant predictors of school engagement. Parents’ reports showed that family support, positive student–teacher relationships, and positive relationships with peers are the main facilitators of school engagement in children with high levels of externalising problems. Our study highlights the role played by externalising problems in school engagement. Limitations of the study and implications for prevention research and practice are discussed.Highlights
This study aimed to analyse individual, family and school predictors of children's school engagement and to explore the facilitators of and obstacles to school engagement in a subsample of children with high levels of externalising problems.
A mixed method design consisting of a longitudinal quantitative and cross‐sectional qualitative approach was used.
The quantitative results show that problems with externalising behaviours and student–teacher relationships were significant predictors of school engagement.
The qualitative results show that family support, positive student–teacher relationships and positive relationships with peers are the main facilitators of school engagement in children with high levels of externalising problems
Data‐driven 1D wave propagation for site response analysis
Authors: Garcia‐Suarez Joaquin , Cornet Arthur , Wattel Sacha , Molinari Jean‐François 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrediction of ground motion triggered by earthquakes is a prime concern for both the seismology community and geotechnical earthquake engineering one. The subfield occupied with such a problem is termed site response analysis (SRA), its one‐dimensional flavor (1D‐SRA) being particularly popular given its simplicity. Despite the simple geometrical setting, a paramount challenge remains when it comes to numerically consider intense shaking in the soft upper soil strata of the crust: how to mathematically model the high‐strain, dissipative, potentially rate‐dependent soil behavior. Both heuristics models and phenomenological constitutive laws have been developed to meet the challenge, neither of them being exempt of either numerical limitations or physical inadequacies or both. We propose herein to bring the novel data‐driven paradigm to bear, thus giving away with the need to construct constitutive behavior models altogether. Data‐driven computational mechanics (DDCM) is a novel paradigm in solid mechanics that is gaining popularity; in particular, the multiscale version of it relies on studying the response of the microstructure (in the case of soil, representative volumes containing grains) to populate a dataset that is later used to inform the response at the macroscale. This article presents the first application of multiscale DDCM to 1D‐SRA: first, we demonstrate its capacity to handle wave propagation problems using discrete datasets, obtained via sampling grain ensembles using the discrete element method (DEM), in lieu of a constitutive law and then we apply it specifically to analyze the propagation of harmonic waves in a soft soil deposit that overlies rigid bedrock. The soil in this application displays elastic yet non‐linear response that is depth‐dependent due to evolving overburden pressure. We validate the implementation via comparison to regular finite elements analyses (FEA), discuss the benefits of using DD, and demonstrate that traditional amplification functions are recovered when using the DDCM. Finally, we discuss a number of future work opportunities that lie ahead of this proof‐of‐concept, chiefly in terms of site‐specific studies and incorporating more complex realistic traits of soil behavior. This project was developed using open‐source software and the relevant code is freely made available to other researchers.
Thermal characteristics of expandable graphite as a burning rate enhancer in hybrid propulsion
Authors: Muller Gabriele T. , Zamir Inna , Gany Alon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHybrid propulsion, consisting of solid fuel and liquid oxidizer, exhibits major advantage regarding safety, development costs, energetic performance, and controllability. Hence, it has been considered for space and other propulsion programs. One of the characteristic features of hybrid motors, that may be of major disadvantage, is their relatively low thrust due to the characteristic low regression rate of the typical polymeric solid fuels. This research group had revealed that a small fraction of an expandable graphite (EG) additive could double the burning rate and thrust of hybrid motors. EG is an intercalated form of graphite, elongating and swelling, getting a worm‐like string shape at elevated temperatures. In an earlier work it was hypothesized that enhanced heat transfer via conduction through the EG strings protruding from the hot surface, is a significant parameter increasing the burning rate. In the present investigation, thermal analysis revealed that the ignition temperature of polyester fuel containing 5 wt% of EG, is substantially lower than that of the pure polymer, which may promote higher burning rate as well. High‐speed photography of the surface of EG‐containing solid fuels as well as that of individual EG particles during controlled heating, demonstrated the dynamic behavior resulting in the formation of EG strings longer by an order of magnitude compared to the original particles. The different phenomena were related to the observation of enhanced burning rate.
Cultivating culturally sustaining integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics classrooms: A narrative inquiry case study of a science teacher
Authors: Tran Khanh Q. , Selcen Guzey S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCulturally sustaining pedagogies have encouraged scholars to reimagine and rebuild justice‐oriented classrooms across context and disciplines and provide opportunities for students to reclaim their ways of knowing and doing in schools. In this study, we seek to contextualize culturally sustaining teaching practices in integrated science and engineering middle school classrooms. In collaboration with Mrs. Johnson, a veteran science and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) middle school teacher from the Midwest, this study draws on culturally sustaining pedagogy to understand the experiences of Mrs. Johnson in teaching a diverse middle school. This study also brings sociotransformative constructivism into our conversation to situate Mrs. Johnson's positional identities, the ways in which she enacts her reflexivity, and power in considering how culturally sustaining classrooms are cultivated. Using a narrative inquiry and case study approach, we utilized narrative interviewing to generate stories in making meaning of Mrs. Johnson's lived experiences. We applied thematic narrative analysis to develop three narrative threads, highlighting Mrs. Johnson's intentionality nurturing space for students to cultivate multiple epistemologies and disrupting the status quo in science classrooms. Our study illuminates a complex narrative such as the intentionality of making multiple epistemologies explicit in learning science and engineering and the required racial reflexive work for cultivating a culturally sustaining and student‐focused STEM classrooms. We also highlight challenges Mrs. Johnson faces as she integrates students' lived experiences and alternative ways of knowing and doing in science and STEM teaching.
Häufige Muster in der postoperativen Schulterrehabilitation
Authors: Weber Christian , Dyer Linda 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Rehabilitation von Patienten nach Operationen an der Schulter geht sowohl mit einer reduzierten Mobilität als auch mit einer verminderten Belastbarkeit einher. Die Erholung von diesen Einschränkungen verläuft je nach Eingriff unterschiedlich schnell.

Methode
Die verschiedenen postoperativen Bewegungsmuster sowie die Muster der Belastbarkeitslimitierung je nach Struktur in Wundheilung werden vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse
Als erstes Bewegungsmuster zeigt sich postoperativ häufig das Muster „Frozen Shoulder“, bei welchem eine glenohumerale Einschränkung in alle Richtungen vorliegt. Diese wird durch exzessive skapulothorakale Bewegung kompensiert. Ein Minimum an 83° in Abduktion/Flexion wird benötigt, um diesen Kompensationsmechanismus zu verlassen und eine koordinativ korrekte Überkopfbewegung durchzuführen. Das Bewegungsmuster „partiell eingeschränkt“ mit selektiv eingeschränkter Innenrotation führt in der Armhebung zu erhöhtem subakromialem Stress. Das Bewegungsmuster „leicht eingeschränkt“ zeigt sich oftmals nach glenohumeralen Stabilisierungsoperationen und ist durch eine ungenügende Aufwärtsrotation und Posteriorkippung der Skapula charakterisiert. Die Auswahl an aktiven Übungen für den postoperativen Belastungsaufbau orientiert sich am Muster der Belastbarkeitslimitierung.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Bewegungsmuster „Frozen Shoulder“ und „partiell eingeschränkt“ erfordern eine glenohumerale Mobilisation und das Muster „leicht eingeschränkt“ eine passive und aktive Mobilisation skapulothorakal. Das Muster der „normal“ beweglichen Schulter bietet optimale Bedingungen für progressive Belastungen. Bei subakromial reduzierter Belastbarkeit bieten sich die Bent-over-Buchstabenübungen an, um den vorherrschenden Teufelskreis zu durchbrechen.
Experimental support for reclassification of the light scattering second virial coefficient from macromolecular solutions as a hydrodynamic parameter
Authors: Winzor Donald J. , Dinu Vlad , Scott David J. , Harding Stephen E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis investigation examines the source of the disparity between experimental values of the light scattering second virial coefficient $${A}_{2}$$

A
2

(mL.mol/g2) for proteins and those predicted on the statistical mechanical basis of excluded volume. A much better theoretical description of published results for lysozyme is obtained by considering the experimental parameters to monitor the difference between the thermodynamic excluded volume term and its hydrodynamic counterpart. This involves a combination of parameters quantifying concentration dependence of the translational diffusion coefficient obtained from dynamic light scattering measurements. That finding is shown to account for observations of a strong correlation between $${A}_{2}{M}_{2}$$

A
2

M
2

(mL/g), where M2 is the molar mass (molecular weight) of the macromolecule and the diffusion concentration parameter $${k}_{D}$$

k
D

(mL/g). On the grounds that $${k}_{D}$$

k
D

is regarded as a hydrodynamic parameter, the same status should be accorded the light scattering second virial coefficient rather than its current incorrect thermodynamic designation as $${B}_{2}$$

B
2

(mL.mol/g2), or just B, the osmotic second virial coefficient for protein self-interaction.
The Impact of Botulinum Toxin Injection on the Outcomes of Breast Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Awadeen Abdelrahman , Fareed Mohamed , Elameen Ali Mohamed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast surgeries aim to restore the natural appearance of the breasts with acceptable functional and cosmetic outcomes. However, these surgical procedures may be associated with considerable adverse events. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to reveal the functional and aesthetic outcomes of botulinum toxins (BTX) injection in patients subjected to breast surgeries.

Methods
A literature review was performed up to 21 September 2022. All clinical studies included patients older than 18 years old and treated with BTX injection for breast surgeries were included.

Results
The present study included 12 articles, encompassing 496 patients. The average dosage of BTX injection ranged from 20 to 100 units. Injecting BTX significantly reduced the mean post-operative opioid analgesics usage (SMD −1.577; 95% −2.087, −1.067; P < 0.001) and the risk of severe animation deformity (RR 12.37; 95% 1.76, 86.66; P = 0.01). There was a statistically significant higher mean expansion volume per visit in the BTX injection group (SMD 1.166; 95% 0.313, 2.018; P = 0.007). There was no statistically significant impact of BTX injection on the risk of surgical site infection (RR 0.59; 95% 0.15, 2.34; P = 0.45) and seroma (RR 0.51; 95% 0.03, 10.15; P = 0.66).

Conclusions
The present study revealed the potential benefits of BTX injection in breast surgeries. This included reduced post-operative analgesics, as well as the risk of severe animation deformity. This was accomplished with increased expansion volume per visit and a similar risk of BTX injection-related complications.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Evaluation of 3D MRI for early detection of bone edema associated with apical periodontitis
Authors: Feuerriegel Georg C. , Burian Egon , Sollmann Nico , Leonhardt Yannik , Burian Gintare , Griesbauer Magdalena , Bumm Caspar , Makowski Marcus R. , Probst Monika , Probst Florian A. , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Folwaczny Matthias 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To detect and evaluate early signs of apical periodontitis using MRI based on a 3D short-tau-inversion-recovery (STIR) sequence compared to conventional panoramic radiography (OPT) and periapical radiographs in patients with apical periodontitis.

Materials and methods
Patients with clinical evidence of periodontal disease were enrolled prospectively and received OPT as well as MRI of the viscerocranium including a 3D-STIR sequence. The MRI sequences were assessed for the occurrence and extent of bone changes associated with apical periodontitis including bone edema, periradicular cysts, and dental granulomas. OPTs and intraoral periapical radiographs, if available, were assessed for corresponding periapical radiolucencies using the periapical index (PAI).

Results
In total, 232 teeth of 37 patients (mean age 62±13.9 years, 18 women) were assessed. In 69 cases reactive bone edema was detected on MRI with corresponding radiolucency according to OPT. In 105 cases edema was detected without corresponding radiolucency on OPT. The overall extent of edema measured on MRI was significantly larger compared to the radiolucency on OPT (mean: STIR 2.4±1.4 mm, dental radiograph 1.3±1.2 mm, OPT 0.8±1.1 mm, P=0.01). The overall PAI score was significantly higher on MRI compared to OPT (mean PAI: STIR 1.9±0.7, dental radiograph 1.3±0.5, OPT 1.2±0.7, P=0.02).

Conclusion
Early detection and assessment of bone changes of apical periodontitis using MRI was feasible while the extent of bone edema measured on MRI exceeded the radiolucencies measured on OPT.

Clinical relevance
In clinical routine, dental MRI might be useful for early detection and assessment of apical periodontitis before irreversible bone loss is detected on conventional panoramic and intraoral periapical radiographs.
Comparative assessment of Ni–Co coatings obtained from a deep eutectic solvent, choline chloride-ethylene glycol, and water by electroplating
Authors: Barrera P. Roncagliolo , Rodríguez C. Echánove , Gomez F. J. Rodriguez 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlloy electroplating using deep eutectic solvents (DES), compared to aqueous electrolytes, has essential benefits in a wide potential range, the high solubility of metal salts (including chlorides and oxides), and an environmentally friendly alternative. This research aimed to compare the coatings obtained by electrolysis of the Ni–Co alloy conventionally from an aqueous solution against the electroplating obtained in 2:1 ethylene glycol-choline chloride. The electrochemical behavior was studied through potentiodynamic polarization kinetic analysis carried out complying with Abner’s rules for alloy deposits; hydrodynamic conditions were modified, keeping the temperature at 60 °C and the salt concentration in both baths constant. As a result, nickel electrolysis has been carried out successfully by taking advantage of the benefits of using DES in energy consumption with 80% efficiency compared to water as a solvent under the same conditions. The composition and morphology of Ni–Co alloy coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), and corrosion resistance was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance (EIS). Coatings were obtained for both electrolytic baths with a chemical composition within the range of the alloy but with a higher cobalt content in the deposits obtained in water; in contrast, the distribution of the Ni–Co alloy was more homogeneous with changes in morphology and crystallization in the deposits obtained from the DES bath. The coatings’ anti-corrosion performance showed that the Co content difference increases the corrosion resistance of the Ni–Co alloy obtained from aqueous electrolytes compared to deposits obtained from DES.
Experimental sandbox tracer tests to characterize a two-facies aquifer via an ensemble smoother
Authors: Todaro Valeria , D’Oria Marco , Zanini Andrea , Gómez-Hernández J. Jaime , Tanda Maria Giovanna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEstimating aquifer properties and their spatial variability is the most challenging part of groundwater flow and transport simulations. In this work, an ensemble Kalman-based method, the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA), is applied to infer the characteristics of a binary field by means of tracer test data collected in an experimental sandbox. Two different approaches are compared: the first one aims at estimating the hydraulic conductivity over the whole field assuming that the rest of the hydraulic and transport parameters are known by applying the standard ES-MDA method; the second one couples the ES-MDA with a truncated Gaussian model to simultaneously estimate the spatial distribution of two geological lithotypes and their main hydraulic and transport properties. Both procedures are tested following a fully parameterized approach and a pilot point approach. A synthetic case that mimics the sandbox experiment was developed to test the capability of the proposed methods and find out their optimal configurations to be used for the real case. The results show that the ES-MDA coupled with a truncated Gaussian model outperforms the standard ES-MDA and it reproduces well the binary field and the aquifer properties also in the presence of large measurement errors. The fully parametrized and pilot point approaches lead to comparable solutions, with less computation time required by the pilot point approach.