bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different amino acid solutions on the oxidative stability of three different lipid emulsions in all‐in‐one admixtures
Authors: Rogulska Joanna , Osowska Sylwia , Zawada Katarzyna , Giebułtowicz Joanna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimLipid peroxidation in parenteral nutrition mixtures is still a challenge. We aimed to evaluate the effect of two different amino acid solutions used in different clinical situations on lipid peroxidation of three different lipid emulsions (Intralipid, ClinOleic, and SMOFlipid) in all‐in‐one admixtures during 24 h of simulated infusion. The selected amino acid solutions included one used in stable patients and one used in renal insufficiency (Aminomel10E and Nephrotect, respectively).MethodsEighteen all‐in‐one admixtures were prepared. The simulated infusion with light protection was conducted straight after the preparation for 24 h at room temperature. The lipid peroxidation process was evaluated in all‐in‐one admixtures and the original lipid emulsion by determining the malondialdehyde levels (high‐performance liquid chromatography) and conjugated dienes and trienes (ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry).ResultsMalondialdehyde in the original packaging was lower in SMOFlipid (9 µM) compared with Intralipid (27 µM, P = 0.0003) and ClinOleic (25 µM, P = 0.0001). During simulated infusion, ClinOleic showed a significantly lower rate of lipid peroxidation (26% decrease in aldehyde levels) in comparison with Intralipid and SMOFlipid (up to 39% and 31% increase in aldehyde levels, respectively) when the admixture was based on Aminomel10E. In admixtures based on Nephrotect, ClinOleic, and SMOFlipid showed better oxidative stability in comparison with Intralipid. Admixtures based on Nephrotect and Intralipid had higher levels of primary lipid peroxidation products than those based on ClinOleic (P = 0.030) or SMOFlipid (P = 0.071, not significant).ConclusionsAmino acid solutions influence the rate of lipid peroxidation. The observation should be confirmed in larger studies with different amino acid solutions.
Regularity of powers of Stanley–Reisner ideals of one‐dimensional simplicial complexes
Authors: Minh Nguyen Cong , Vu Thanh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLet Δ be a one‐dimensional simplicial complex. Let be the Stanley–Reisner ideal of Δ. We prove that for all and all intermediate ideals J generated by and some minimal generators of , we have
Straightforward Access to Block and Gradient Light‐Responsive Poly(2‐Oxazoline)S via Cationic Ring Opening Polymerization Of 2‐Azobenzenyl‐2‐Oxazoline
Authors: Wang Shu , Poudel Purushottam , Schacher Felix H. , Kaberov Leonid I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLight‐responsive polymers are a prospective area of smart materials. The increasing number of potential applications of these materials require the development of new polymers sensitive to external irradiation. However, most of the polymers reported so far are represented by poly(meth)acrylates. In this work, the straightforward approach is proposed to the synthesis of light‐responsive poly(2‐oxazoline)s via cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐azobenzenyl‐2‐oxazoline (2‐(4‐(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)‐2‐oxazoline). Polymerization kinetics studies reveal significant activity of the new monomer in both homopolymerization and copolymerization with 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline. The difference in monomer reactivity allows obtaining both gradient and block copolymers via simultaneous or subsequent one‐pot polymerization, respectively, leading to a set of well‐defined gradient and block copoly(2‐oxazoline)s with 10–40% of azobenzene units. Due to their amphiphilic nature, the materials self‐assemble in water, which is proven by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The change in polarity caused by the isomerization of azobenzene fragments in response to UV light irradiation results in a change of nanoparticle size. The obtained results provide a new impulse for the development of light‐responsive materials based on poly(2‐oxazoline)s.
The dark side of shareholder orientation: A reflection of Rappaport's concept of shareholder value
Authors: Follert Florian , Klingelhöfer Heinz E. , Daumann Frank 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe concept of shareholder value has been the subject of heated debate for 40 years. Surprisingly, the literature seems to overlook the fact that shareholder orientation by management is something completely different from the implementation of this idea in the well‐known shareholder value concept, which aims to measure the contribution of management to shareholder welfare. Using a market‐oriented framework, this study shows that the fundamental orientation of shareholders' subjective preferences is supported by a property rights perspective inspired by the ideas of the Austrian School of Economics. In contrast, Alfred Rappaport's shareholder value concept is based on neoclassical equilibrium thinking and, therefore, counteracts the real, imperfect environment of the corporation's decision‐makers, especially their subjective values. This results from individual preferences and decision parameters, as well as incomplete and asymmetric information. Thus, it ignores the reality of managerial decision‐making. Based on these considerations, we argue that the advocacy of a general managerial orientation toward shareholders' objectives does not logically imply full support for the implementation of the idea under Rappaport's concept. In doing so, this essay contributes to a more differentiated discussion on valuation, corporate governance, and managerial decisions.
Cross‐Sectional Study: New Approach for Diagnostic Identification of Non‐Robust Older Adult
Authors: Wen Chiung‐Jung , Koh Yen‐Chun , Tung Yen‐Chen , Ho Pin‐Yu , Hsieh Shu‐Chen , Lo Yi‐Chen , Tsai Jaw‐Shiun , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: May 2023

ScopeThe aging biomarkers are alternatives and none of them can act as a strong predictor of frailty during the progression of aging. Several studies reveal the relationship between metabolites and frailty or gut microbiota and frailty. However, the connection between metabolites and gut microbiota in non‐robust older adults has not been discussed yet. The study aims to combine the findings of serum metabolites and gut microbiota in non‐robust subjects as a possible diagnostic biomarker.Methods and resultsFrailty‐related assessments are conducted to ensure the discrimination of non‐robustness. The serum and fecal are collected for serum metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis. Robust and non‐robust subjects show very different gut microbial compositions. Among the gut microbial differences, Escherichia/Shigella and its higher taxonomic ranks are found to have the most discriminative abundance among compared groups. More importantly, the abundance of Escherichia/Shigella is found to be positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the level of discriminant metabolites, such as serum oxoglutarate, glutamic acid, and 1‐methyladenosine.ConclusionThese results indicate the obvious interrelation between gut microbiota and serum metabolites in non‐robust older adults. Besides, the findings suggest that Escherichia/Shigella can be a potential biomarker candidate for robustness sub‐phenotypic identification.
Adaptive model‐based Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Beracha Inbal , Seginer Amir , Tal Assaf 
Published: May 2023

PurposeConventional sequences are static in nature, fixing measurement parameters in advance in anticipation of a wide range of expected tissue parameter values. We set out to design and benchmark a new, personalized approach—termed adaptive MR—in which incoming subject data is used to update and fine‐tune the pulse sequence parameters in real time.MethodsWe implemented an adaptive, real‐time multi‐echo (MTE) experiment for estimating T2s. Our approach combined a Bayesian framework with model‐based reconstruction. It maintained and continuously updated a prior distribution of the desired tissue parameters, including T2, which was used to guide the selection of sequence parameters in real time.ResultsComputer simulations predicted accelerations between 1.7‐ and 3.3‐fold for adaptive multi‐echo sequences relative to static ones. These predictions were corroborated in phantom experiments. In healthy volunteers, our adaptive framework accelerated the measurement of T2 for n‐acetyl‐aspartate by a factor of 2.5.ConclusionAdaptive pulse sequences that alter their excitations in real time could provide substantial reductions in acquisition times. Given the generality of our proposed framework, our results motivate further research into other adaptive model‐based approaches to MRI and MRS.
Lateral ultimate bearing capacity of modified suction caisson in uniform and linearly increasing strength undrained clays
Authors: Li Dayong , Lin Zixin , Wu Yuqi , Zhang Yukun , Li Shanshan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe modified suction caissons (MSCs) have a cylindrical external skirt surrounding the top of the traditional suction caisson to increase the horizontal bearing capacity. MSCs will be subjected to inclined lateral loadings for anchoring offshore floating facilities, and the maximum lateral bearing capacity will be reached when the loading direction passes through the rotation center of the MSCs to generate horizontal translation in the seabed. This paper proposed an analytical model consisting of a meniscus failure wedge near the mudline and a purely lateral flow‐around mechanism in deeper soil for MSCs moving laterally in clays. The upper‐bound analysis is conducted to obtain the ultimate bearing capacity of MSCs by optimizing only one parameter to approach the critical failure mechanism that offers the minimum energy dissipation. The influences of the external skirt length (L) and radius (R) and adhesion factor (λ) at the caisson‐soil interface on the bearing capacity of MSCs are investigated. The finite element limit analysis (FELA) results are used to verify the rationality of the presented failure mechanisms and upper‐bound predictions. It is proved that the presented upper‐bound analyses can well predict the lateral ultimate bearing capacity of the MSCs with a horizontal translation failure.
The effect of the pandemic period on Bladder Pain Syndrome patients under amitriptyline treatment
Authors: Şahin Mehmet Fatih , Özcan Rıdvan , Malak Arzu , Doğan Çağrı , Yazıcı Cenk Murat , Özcan Müge , Akgül Murat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 is a disease that may cause anxiety, depression, and stress. Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is a disease in which stress and psychological factors might negatively affect its course. In this study, we aimed to examine the possible clinical aggregation of the pandemic period on BPS patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 35 BPS patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2018 were included. All patients were using medical treatment, and the follow‐up period was at least 6 months. According to our clinical follow‐up protocol, the BPS patients were given the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Overactive Bladder Form V8 (OAB‐V8), and Visual Analog Score (VAS) in every visit. In the sixth month of the pandemic, the clinical course of the patients was questioned by telephone or video interview, and their treatment continuities were questioned. Information was received about the delays in their follow‐up and the difficulties in accessing healthcare opportunities. The same questionnaires were filled out and compared with pre‐pandemic scores.ResultsThe mean age of the patients included in the study was 50.2 ± 13.32 (min:20, max:74), 11 were males and 24 were females. The mean follow‐up periods were 71.8 ± 35.6 months. All questionnaire scores showed an increase compared to the pre‐pandemic period. A statistically significant increase was detected during the pandemic in all sub‐units of the KHQ. The VAS and OAB‐V8 scores of 16 patients who requested hospital admission were significantly higher than before the pandemic. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the increase in VAS and OAB‐V8 scores of the 19 patients who refused to come to the hospital.ConclusionBPS patients have been negatively affected by the emotional effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Due to the fear, stress, anxiety, and depression, the symptoms of BPS patients exacerbated, and the patients could not receive the necessary support due to a lack of regular follow‐ups.
Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable poly(ester‐imide) nanocomposites with L‐alanine, curcumin, and modified rGO
Authors: Abdolmaleki Amir , Zare Sayeh , Saghiri Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe article discusses the synthesis of a novel biodegradable poly(ester‐imide) (PEI) based on L‐alanine, utilizing N‐trimellitylimido‐L‐alanine diacid and curcumin. The degradation tests of polymer in Tris‐Hcl buffer at 37.5°C after 2 weeks showed a decrease in average molecular weight from 2.38 × 104 to 1.85 × 104, which confirms the biodegradability of PEI. The PEI was further enhanced through in situ polymerization with reinforcing nanoparticles, rGO, and rGO‐EDA. Various characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the synthesized polymer and composites, including NMR, elemental analysis, FT‐IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). PEI composites exhibited higher thermal stability than pure PEI. Tensile strength also improved significantly, with increases of 29.55% and 87.42% for rGO and rGO‐EDA compared to pure PEI. We suggest that these polymers have tunable properties, which may potentially be considered for biodegradable polymer scaffolds.
Boron carbide reinforced electrospun nanocomposite fiber mats for radiation shielding
Authors: Özcan Mücahid , Avcıoğlu Suna , Kaya Cengiz , Kaya Figen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, 1 wt% boron carbide (B4C) reinforced PVA nanofibers were fabricated by the electrospinning technique as a new generation of ultra‐thin, lightweight, and flexible neutron shielding nanocomposites. The influence of B4C particles' size and morphology on the fiber formation and radiation shielding performance of fiber mats was investigated. The results indicate that the particle characteristics have a dramatic influence on the formation and properties of nanocomposites. The thicknesses of individual fibers reinforced with sol–gel synthesized nano‐sized boron carbide particles were in the range of 50–250 nm, while those containing commercial B4C powder were produced in the thickness range of 1–2 μm. In contrast to the commercial particles, the sol–gel synthesized nano B4C particles enhanced the fiber mat's density and the roundness of individual fibers. Both theoretical and experimental radiation shielding studies showed that B4C reinforcement successfully improved the neutron and gamma attenuation of the neat PVA matrix. Furthermore, it was found that a 6.5 mm thick PVA nanofiber mat, reinforced with only 1 wt% B4C nanoparticles shielded up to about 7.4% of the initial neutron flux. Compared to the neat PVA fiber mat, reinforcement of PVA fibers with 1 wt% sol–gel synthesized nano‐sized boron carbide particles enhanced the neutron shielding by 50.31%. Moreover, even though B4C is not an effective gamma shielding reinforcement, the amplified density of nanocomposite fiber mats also enhanced gamma attenuation.
Ultrasound visualization of the central nervous system during embryonic and fetal periods: Neurosonoembryology utilizing multiple three‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasound technology
Authors: Liu Fengqin , Yang Zexuan , Xi Jimei , Yang Linhua , Liu Fangli , He Hui , Chen Lin , Zhou Liuying , Lin Yonghong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo study the ultrasonographic features of the central nervous system (CNS) in normally developing embryos and fetuses with a crown‐rump length (CRL) of 10–84 mm, utilizing a high‐frequency transvaginal probe in conjunction with various three‐dimensional (3D) imaging modes.MethodsFrom January 2020 to February 2021, 210 normally developing embryos and fetuses in early pregnancy were enrolled and classified based on their gestational age. A high‐frequency transvaginal transducer was used to perform 2D and 3D ultrasounds, and the 3D images were saved. These images were then processed using multiple 3D technologies, such as HD live silhouette, OmniView, and TUI. Additionally, the circumference of the vermis was measured through the posterior fontanelle.ResultsBeginning at the 10 mm CRL stage of embryonic development, high‐frequency transvaginal 3D ultrasound imaging was able to clearly visualize the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. Notable changes were observed in the rhombencephalon during the 16–22 mm CRL stage, including the visualization of the pontine flexure and cerebellar primordium. At 23–40 mm CRL, there was a distinct pontine flexure, and the developing cerebellum, the fourth ventricle, and choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle (4th VCP) could be observed. The roof of the rhombencephalon was partitioned by the 4th VCP into the anterior membranous area (AMA) located rostrally and the posterior membranous area situated caudally. Additionally, the original Blake's pouch was identifiable. Among fetuses measuring 41–84 mm CRL, the AMA progressively decreased in size as the vermis developed. From the mid‐sagittal view, the orientation of the 4th VCP seemed to shift from being perpendicular to the neural tube's long axis to being parallel to it. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between CRL and vermis circumference.ConclusionUsing three‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasound scanning, detailed visualization of the morphological changes in the CNS during normal embryonic development from 7 to 13+6 weeks is possible. This technology can aid in accurately characterizing the embryonic origin of the CNS.
A computational study of double perovskites A2BI6 (A = Cs, K, Rb; B = Pt, Sn) invoking density functional theory
Authors: Solanki Bobby , Sharma Pooja , Ranjan Prabhat , Kumar Pancham , Chakraborty Tanmoy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLead‐free double perovskite materials A2BI6 (A = Cs, K, Rb; B = Pt and Sn) have been studied and analyzed invoking density functional theory (DFT). Computed values of the HOMO–LUMO gap for lead‐free double perovskites material A2BI6 are found in the range of 1.062–2.811 eV. The energy gaps of K2PtI6, K2SnI6, and Rb2SnI6 are in the optimal energy gap range (0.9 to 1.6 eV) required for a lead‐free double perovskite system. Conceptual DFT‐based descriptors, viz., molecular hardness, softness, electronegativity, electrophilicity index, dipole moment, and polarizability, are computed. The result reveals that K2PtI6 shows high efficacy towards electron injection and may show the maximum electron driving force. The optical properties—refractive index and dielectric constant—of these perovskites are also computed. The maximum value of refractive index and dielectric constant is found for K2PtI6. Our computed results are in good agreement with the available experimental and other theoretical data. Perovskite materials K2PtI6, K2SnI6, and Rb2SnI6 display a suitable energy gap as well as a high refractive index and dielectric constant, which makes them suitable for photovoltaic applications.
Total‐, LDL‐, and HDL‐cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and triglycerides with risk of total and fatal prostate cancer in Black and White men in the ARIC study
Authors: Marrone Michael T. , Prizment Anna E. , Couper David , Butler Kenneth R. , Astor Brad C. , Joshu Corinne E. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Mondul Alison M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCholesterol reduction is considered a mechanism through which cholesterol‐lowering drugs including statins are associated with a reduced aggressive prostate cancer risk. While prior cohort studies found positive associations between total cholesterol and more advanced stage and grade in White men, whether associations for total cholesterol, low (LDL)‐ and high (HDL)‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (LDL particle) and A1 (HDL particle), and triglycerides are similar for fatal prostate cancer and in Black men, who experience a disproportionate burden of total and fatal prostate cancer, is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 1553 Black and 5071 White cancer‐free men attending visit 1 (1987–1989) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. A total of 885 incident prostate cancer cases were ascertained through 2015, and 128 prostate cancer deaths through 2018. We estimated multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of total and fatal prostate cancer per 1‐standard deviation increments and for tertiles (T1–T3) of time‐updated lipid biomarkers overall and in Black and White men.ResultsGreater total cholesterol concentration (HR per‐1 SD = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.00–1.58) and LDL cholesterol (HR per‐1 SD = 1.26; 95% CI = 0.99–1.60) were associated with higher fatal prostate cancer risk in White men only. Apolipoprotein B was nonlinearly associated with fatal prostate cancer overall (T2 vs. T1: HR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.05–2.64) and in Black men (HR = 3.59; 95% CI = 1.53–8.40) but not White men (HR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.65–1.97). Tests for interaction by race were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThese findings may improve the understanding of lipid metabolism in prostate carcinogenesis by disease aggressiveness, and by race while emphasizing the importance of cholesterol control.
A variational Bayesian approach for ensemble filtering of stochastically parametrized systems
Authors: Ait‐El‐Fquih Boujemaa , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractModern climate models use both deterministic and stochastic parametrization schemes to represent uncertainties in their physics and inputs. This work considers the problem of estimating the involved parameters of such systems simultaneously with their state through data assimilation. Standard state‐parameter filtering schemes cannot be applied to such systems, owing to the posterior dependence between the stochastic parameters and the “dynamical” augmented state, defined as the state augmented by the deterministic parameters. We resort to the variational Bayesian (VB) approach to break this dependence, by approximating the joint posterior probability density function (pdf) of the augmented state and the stochastic parameters with a separable product of two marginal pdfs that minimizes the Kullback–Leibler divergence. The resulting marginal pdf of the augmented state is then sampled using a one‐step‐ahead smoothing‐based ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF‐OSAS), whereas a closed form is derived for the marginal pdf of the stochastic parameters. The proposed approach combines the effectiveness of the OSAS filtering approach to mitigate inconsistency issues that often arise with the joint ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), with the advantage of obtaining a full posterior pdf for the stochastic parameters, which is not possible with the traditional maximum‐likelihood method. We demonstrate the relevance of the proposed approach through extensive numerical experiments with a one‐scale Lorenz‐96 model, which includes a stochastic parametrization representing subgrid‐scale effects.