bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a novel software‐based platform to extract oculometric measures
Authors: Rosset Israel , Raveh Eitan , Shimon Assaf Ben , Anisimov Vova , Ben‐Ami Edmund , Kreitman Rivka , Breakstone Micha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Eye‐tracking systems are a valuable tool in the assessment of disorders by detecting eye movement abnormalities. However, current systems require lab settings, extraction of oculometric measures entails dedicated long sessions, and operation requires qualified personnel. Recently, a novel software‐based platform was developed, using a webcam, enabling the extraction of oculometric measures in a short test with seamless operation. The aim of this study was to validate this platform as compared with a validated eye‐tracker.Methods: 82 participants (51 females, age range 21–88) were evaluated with a software‐based platform (NeuraLight, Israel) in a 15‐minute eye‐tracking test. Participants were presented with different stimuli for various tasks. During the test, data from a validated eye‐tracker (Tobii Pro, Sweden) were captured. Correlations between oculometric measures captured by both methods were calculated using Pearson correlation. Observable information on demographic data was measured using Fisher information matrix.Results: Eye and gaze positions captured by the NeuraLight platform were highly correlated with eye‐tracker (r = 0.9–0.99, p < 0.01). Saccade and anti‐saccade latency, pro‐saccade and anti‐saccade error rates, position and velocity gain for all tasks were all highly correlated (r > 0.9, p < 0.01). Relative root mean square error of all measures in both methods was <0.1. Saccadic latency and fixation time were found to be in relation with participants' age.Conclusions: NeuraLight platform was significantly correlated with a validated eye‐tracker, providing high accuracy for eye and gaze positions and oculometric measures. Relation between oculometric measures and age was established. The platform can be implemented for assessment of eye movements in practice. Future studies are needed to use the platform in various conditions.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of idebenone in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in the subacute/dynamic phase: Results from the prospective, natural history‐controlled LEROS study
Authors: Yu‐Wai‐Man Patrick , Carelli Valerio , Tomasso Livia , Klopstock Thomas ,   the LEROS Study Group
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Idebenone is approved in Europe for the treatment of LHON – a rare mitochondrial disorder resulting in severe, bilateral vision loss. Controlled data beyond a 6‐month treatment duration is lacking. Here, we report primary results from LEROS, a Phase 4, externally controlled interventional study in patients with subacute/dynamic LHON treated with idebenone for up to 24 months.Methods: Patients with LHON onset ≤5 years prior were enrolled and stratified by time since onset: subacute/dynamic (≤1 year) and chronic (>1 year). Visual acuity (VA) outcomes from 181 patients, treated for up to 24 months were compared to retrospective data from an external natural history (NH) cohort (N = 372) matched by time since onset. Outcome measures, from baseline, were clinically relevant recovery (CRR): improvement from ‘off‐chart’ VA to at least 1.6 logMAR, or a ≥0.2 logMAR improvement if already ‘on‐chart’; clinically relevant stabilization (CRS): maintenance of VA < 1.0 logMAR; and clinically relevant benefit (CRB): reaching a CRR, a CRS, or both.Results: The primary endpoint – the proportion of subacute/dynamic eyes with a CRB from baseline following 12 months of treatment, versus matched NH eyes – was met (42.3% [60/142] vs. 20.7% [40/193] [p = 0.0020]); this difference was maintained after 24 months (52.9% [64/121] vs. 36.0% [27/75] [p = 0.0297]). The difference in the CRB rate was largely driven by CRS, occurring in 64.5% (20/31) of eligible (<1.0 logMAR at baseline) treated eyes versus 22.5% (9/40) of eyes in the NH cohort at 12 months (p = 0.0005). The proportion of off‐chart patients (best VA) continuously decreased after the likely nadir at 6 months. By 24 months, a larger proportion of patients had moved into the non‐legally blind category than at BL (42.9% vs. 33.9%).Conclusions: LEROS corroborates previous idebenone efficacy results, demonstrating that long‐term treatment is well tolerated and results in prolonged clinical benefit in patients with LHON in the subacute/dynamic phase.
Characterization of tear dynamics
Authors: Ramasubramanian Darshan , Alonso José Manuel López , Verdejo Jose Luis Hernandez , Costa David Madrid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Tear film is important in eye optics due to its influence on dry eye, contact lenses fit, etc. After blinking, it starts to evaporate causing the film to thin. While thinning in the eye center, the tear maintains a constant thickness around the eyelids (meniscus), which is easy to measure. This work aims to study tear film dynamics based on the meniscus and dry eye‐related parameters.Methods: A hybrid OCT‐iVue was used to measure the lower meniscus for several subjects. The dynamics of the tear were simulated with a precorneal tear film model after blinking [1], introducing the tear geometric parameters as well as physical parameters (viscosity, evaporation, surface tension, etc). The model uses the standard parameters given in [1], changing the values of the meniscus, viscosity, and surface tension to test different patients and dry eye conditions.Results: The tear film thickness was calculated for patients with the different meniscus. The model shows a tear thinning over time (additional drop before each meniscus). In the central eye, there are slight oscillations that are more pronounced for higher meniscus, increasing pressure. The greater meniscus seems to have greater spatial stability. The method allows the study of the spatial–temporal oscillations of tears and relates them to their physical parameters.Conclusions: Tear stability appears to be related to the ocular meniscus and greater stability is observed for the larger meniscus. Dry eye characteristics appear with high viscosity and medium surface tension. Additional mathematical studies should be done to clarify the influence of different tear parameters and their measure in different patients.Reference1. Braun R.J., et al. Modelling drainage of the precorneal tear film after a blink. Math Med Biol 2003; 20: 1–28.
Retinal vascular abnormalities in children with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Touzé Romain , Abitbol Marc , Bremond‐Gignac Dominique , Robert Matthieu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Retinal vascular abnormalities (RVA) have been recently described in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) as vascular tortuosity, best visible on infrared imaging. This study assessed clinical RVA's characteristics in a large series of children with NF1.Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in children (0–18 years old) with an NF1 diagnosis. Using near infrared imaging, RVAs were classified according to the nature of vessels involvement and their degree of tortuosity.Results: Retinal imaging from 140 children, with a median age of 8.8 [1.5–18] years, were included; 52 (37.1%) patients (81 eyes) exhibited RVAs. These RVAs comprised 96% (50/52) of simple vascular tortuosity and 17% (9/52) of cork‐screw pattern. Cork‐screw pattern involved only small veins, while simple vascular tortuosity could affect both arteries and veins. No statistically significant age correlation was observed, but evolution of RVAs from simple vascular tortuosity to cork‐screw pattern was observed in 5 cases.Conclusions: Retinal vascular abnormalities occurred in 37.1% of children with NF1. These abnormalities may result from NF1 promoting localized tortuosity in both small arteries and veins, while only small second or tertiary order venules evolve to highly tortuous pattern.
Difference of corneal endothelial characteristics of diabetic and non‐diabetic cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification at Dr Saiful Anwar hospital Malang
Authors: Yamin Nidia Astriani , Handayani Nina , Sujuti Hidayat 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To compare the corneal endothelial characteristics of diabetic and nondiabetic cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification.Methods: A retrospective study, data collected from medical records of patients who visited Cataract and Refractive Surgery Outpatient Clinic and underwent phacoemulsification at Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, the tertiary hospital in East Java, Indonesia, between April 2021 to January 2022. Data collected regarding corneal endothelial condition were endothelial cell density (ECD), hexagonality and Coefficient variation (CV) examined using Specular Microscope (Nidek, CEM 530).Results: There were 32 eyes from 31 patients, consist of 55% men and 45% women, 17 eyes diabetic and 15 eyes non‐diabetic. The most common age range is 40–49 years old (35.5%). Baseline ECD and hexagonality were higher in diabetic compared to non‐diabetic patients (2781.35 ± 283 vs 2625.88 ± 389 and 67.71 ± 4 vs. 65.81 ± 4, respectively), while baseline CV was lower in diabetic patients (30.4 ± 4 vs. 33.2 ± 6) (p > 0.005). There was a decrease of ECD and hexagonality, but increase of CV after surgery in both groups (p > 0.005).Conclusions: There was significant decreased of ECD and Hexagonality but increased CV in diabetic group on pre phacoemulsification compared to post phacoemulsification. There are no statistically significant difference of baseline and endothelial damage between diabetic and non‐diabetic.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor‐mimetic compounds in biodegradable microspheres as novel neuroprotective approaches for retinal diseases
Authors: Brugnera Marco , Messina Flavia , Reynolds Alison , O'Reilly Niall , Kalesnykas Giedrius , Herrero‐Vanrell Rocío , Kennedy Breandán , Bravo‐Osuna Irene 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Neuroprotectants can modulate cell survival and molecular pathways common to several inherited retinal degenerations (IRD). Among them, 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone (7,8‐DHF), a brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mimetic, proved to rescue vision in dyeucd6 zebrafish model of IRD by upregulating BDNF–TrkB signalling [1]. A novel 7,8‐DHF structural analogue, namely OPGG‐A2, demonstrated an improved ability in restoring visual capacity. Considering these results, this work aims at evaluating long‐release devices loaded with the two neuroprotectants as possible therapies for chronic retinal diseases.Methods: Biodegradable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic)acid(PLGA) microspheres (MS) were prepared following the oil‐in‐water emulsion solvent evaporation technique. 7,8‐DHF and OPGG‐A2 were separately included in ratio 1:10 with PLGA(w/w). MS loaded with 7,8‐DHF (FMS) and with OPGG‐A2 (A2MS) were characterized in terms of production yield, internal and external morphology, particle size, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profile.Results: After sieving and freeze‐drying processes, 38–20 μm (38MS) and 20–10 μm (20MS) particle sizes were selected as suitable to fit conventional 30‐gauge needles for intravitreal administration. Both the granulometric fractions followed a unimodal distribution for both FMS and A2MS. Both FMS and A2MS demonstrated spherical shape without presence of crystal inside and on the 38MS and 20MS surfaces. FMS showed high encapsulation efficiencies (53.4 ± 3.4 μg/mg 38MS; 30.7 ± 12.2 μg/mg 20MS) as A2MS (58.8 ± 5.6 μg/mg 38MS; 61.3 ± 1.0 μg/mg 20MS). Both drugs were released in a sustained manner during 30 days after a high burst release under the experimental conditions specified (13.7 ± 1.4 μg/mg FMS‐38MS; 11.4 ± 3.8 μg/mg FMS‐20MS; 11.5 ± 2.2 μg/mg A2MS‐38MS; 23.1 ± 1.7 μg/mg A2MS‐20MS).Conclusions: The two formulations managed in vitro liberating both 7,8‐DHF and OPGG‐A2 for 1 month and could be interesting as prototypes for testing long‐term intravitreal neuroprotective therapies.References1. Daly C, Shine L, Heffernan T, et al. A brain‐derived neurotrophic factor mimetic is sufficient to restore cone photoreceptor visual function in an inherited blindness model. Sci Rep 7, 11 320 (2017).
characterization of retinal ganglion cells subtypes in the rat retina
Authors: Ruzafa Noelia , Villegas Patricia , Prieto Laura , Pereiro Xandra , Vecino Elena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are a heterogeneous population of neurons that propagates visual information to the brain. Glaucoma is a disease characterized by the selective death of RGCs, which induce a progressive and irreversible loss of vision. In glaucoma, not all RGCs subtypes are affected equally; however, a rigorous characterization has not been fully described. Thus, the aim of this work is to fully characterize and quantify different RGCs subtypes at different localizations in rat retinas.Methods: RGCs were labelled by immunochemistry in control rat whole‐mount retinas. Images were captured using the optic disc as a reference for the different retinal zones. RGCs were labelled with an antibody against RBPMS that is considered the 100% of RGCs, and co‐labelled with subtype‐specific antibodies against: CART, Islet1/2, TBR2, SPP1. After quantification, the percentage of RGCs of each subtype were calculated in relation to the total RBPMS positive cells.Results: In the rat retina, the density of RGCs was 1853/mm2 in centre, 2041/mm2 in middle‐centre, 1760/mm2 in middle‐periphery and 916/mm2 in periphery. CART was expressed in 31.2% of the RGCs from the centre, in 32.1% from the middle‐centre, in 33.3% from the middle‐periphery and in 27.8% from the periphery of the retina. Islet1/2 was expressed in 72.4% of the central RGCs, in 79.3% from the middle‐central RGCs, in 77.8% from the middle‐peripheral RGCs and in 72.4% from the peripheral RGCs of the retina. TBR2 was expressed in 11.4% of the RGCs from the centre, in 13.3% from the middle‐centre, in 12.8% from the middle‐periphery and in 16.1% from the periphery of the retina. SPP1 slightly marked the soma of almost 100% of total RGCs.Conclusions: There is a characteristic pattern for each RGCs subtype in the rat retina. Therefore, we will compare these results with the same analysis in a rat glaucoma model allowing us to elucidate which RGCs subtypes are most susceptible.Supported by ELKARTEK (KK‐2019/00086), MINECO‐Retos (PID2019‐111139RB‐I00) and PIBA (2020_1_0026).
The stiffness of the substrate affects Müller cell survival, morphology and reactivity
Authors: Prieto Laura , Pereiro Xandra , Villegas Patricia , Ruzafa Noelia , Vecino Elena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Müller cells (MCs), the main glial cell type of the retina, are key to retinal homeostasis, metabolism, neuronal support and signalling. They have been shown to be mechanosensitive and thus respond to mechanical cues such as changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. These alterations are related with different retinal diseases, where MCs intermediate filaments polymerization is enhanced by the stress forces generated by the environment. In this study, we have analysed how different substrate stiffness affects MCs survival and behaviour in vitro.Methods: Primary cultures of rat MCs were performed on acrylamide gels of 1, 10, 100 and 200 kPa, and on a glass‐slip as control. All culture dishes were treated with poly‐L‐Lysine and laminin. MCs were labelled by immunocytochemistry with antibodies against vimentin for morphology, Ki67 for proliferation, GFAP for reactivity, and with antibodies against pressure receptors Piezo1 and TRPV4. Positive‐labelled cells were counted and cell area was measured with ImageJ.Results: Survival is severely reduced on softer gels (1 kPa 5.19 ± 1.64%), while on stiffer gels, mainly 200 kPa, it more closely resembles control conditions (66.33 ± 27.22%). MCs grown on softer gels exhibit a round shape and reduced cell area compared to control (1 kPa 8.79 ± 0.10%; 10 kPa 17.15 ± 0.89%), while those grown on stiffer gels show a fusiform shape and a more similar area to the control ones (100 kPa 28.59 ± 0.67%; 200 kPa 47.27 ± 4.39%). More MCs grown on softer gels become reactive as shown by the increased expression of GFAP. However, cell proliferation does not seem to be affected by substrate stiffness.Conclusions: MCs do not thrive in softer substrates as shown by their reduced survival, cell area, round morphology and increased reactivity. This suggests that the stiffness of the substrate in vitro, and in consequence the ECM stiffness, is determinant for MCs behaviour.Funding: ELKARTEK (KK‐2019/00086), MINECO‐Retos (PID2019‐111139RB‐I00) and PIBA (2020_1_0026).
Retinal tissue oxygenation differs between eye fundus regions, but not with age, sex, and intraocular pressure in non‐human primates
Authors: Akitegetse Cléophace , Poirier Jasmine , Lapointe Nicolas , Hamel Éric , Desroches Joannie , Dargis Natasha , Palmour Roberta , Ptito Maurice , Bouchard Jean‐François 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Oxygen plays a central role in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes, and retinal oxygen supply has been found to be an important factor in many ocular diseases. Animal models are often used to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, especially non‐human primates (NHP) due to their great similarities with humans. Few data are available on the quantification of oxygen in the retina of NHP. The objectives of the study were to establish NHP tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) normative values in different eye fundus regions, compare StO2 in these regions and analyse how StO2 correlates to age, sex and intraocular pressure (IOP).Methods: 44 vervet monkeys (28 males/16 females, 5–28 years old) were included in the study. IOP was measured in both eyes with an ocular tonometer. StO2 was measured in both eyes using the Zilia Ocular oximeter in the temporal (tONH) and nasal (nONH) optic nerve head, the peripapillary region (pPL) and the perifovea (pFV). T‐tests were used to compare between regions (paired), between both eyes (paired) and between sexes (independent). Kendall's tau was used to assess the correlation between StO2 and age, as well as that between StO2 and IOP.Results: Mean StO2 was 55.7% ± 4.3% in the tONH, 55.0% ± 3.9% in the nONH, 63.9% ± 7.3% in the pPL and 74.2% ± 3.4% in the pFV. No significant difference in StO2 was observed between the left and the right eyes, just as no significant difference was observed between tONH and nONH. The StO2 was lower in tONH and nONH than in pPL (p = 0.0226 and 0.0060, respectively). No correlation was found between StO2 and age, StO2 and sex, or StO2 and IOP.Conclusions: StO2 in the retinal tissue of NHP has been assessed for the first time. Regional variations similar to previous human studies were observed. The results of this study show the applicability of the Zilia Ocular on NHP and provide normative values that can serve as a basis for future studies.
Acute bilateral glaucoma related to uveal effusion syndrome associated with topiramate
Authors: López Carmen Miquel , Perea Juan Antonio Sánchez , Menargues Manuel Almarcha , Abellán Maria Victoria Navarro , Molina Celia Gómez 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Drugs mostly sulfa‐related compounds, have produced uveal effusions, forward rotation of the iris‐lens diaphragm, transient myopia, and secondary angle closure. It has been recently encountered one case in which uveal effusions have occurred after administration of topiramate, a new anticonvulsant medication.Methods: A 54‐year‐old woman was seen in our emergency department with severe headaches, progressively blurry vision and photophobia in both eyes starting that morning. On examination, her visual acuity was hand movement in both eyes. Central corneal edema was observed, narrow chamber and anterior lens‐iris complex displacement with an unreactive middle pupil in both eyes. The funduscopic examination was difficult to assess due to the media opacity. Intraocular pressure measured with an applanation tonometer was 45 mm of mercury (mmHg) in the right eye and 50 mmHg in the left eye. Her medications included topiramate which she had started 2 weeks prior to initial examination due to headaches followed by neurology.Results: Topiramate‐induced angle closure has even been described as an idiosyncratic reaction in patients with normal depth of anterior chamber. The drug causes a prostaglandins increasement that trigger ciliary body edema at the local level but without acting at the systemic level. Ultrasound biomicroscopy shows the presence of a ciliochoroidal effusion syndrome, edema and the ciliary body anterolateral rotation, with zonular relaxation, changes that lead to iris‐lens diaphragm anterior displacement and, as a consequence, narrowing of the responsible anterior chamber with an acute glaucoma crisis.Conclusions: Topiramate is a sulfamate monosaccharide and belongs to a new generation of antiepileptic drugs, widely prescribed throughout the world as treatment of generalized tonic–clonic seizures and partial seizures. Prophylaxis of migraine, bipolar disorder, depression and neuropathic pain are other recent indications of its use. Bilateral acute glaucoma due to uveal effusion syndrome should be considered as an infrequent complication of topiramate use.References.1. Prithvi S. Sankar, MD; Louis R. Pasquale et al. Uveal Effusion and Secondary Angle‐Closure Glaucoma Associated With Topiramate Use. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119(8):1210–1211.
What are the parameters associated with the structural damage differences in open‐angle glaucoma?
Authors: Park Sung Eun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To analyse which parameters affect retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL)‐dominant defects rather than ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer (GCIPL)‐dominant defects in open angle glaucoma patients.Methods: A prospective observational study with a total of 58 eyes from 33 patients with open angle glaucoma was conducted. We divided them into two groups; patients with RNFL‐dominant defects (Group 1) and GCIPL‐dominant defects (Group 2), and compared glaucomatous parameters between the two groups.Results: Higher pre‐treatment IOP (p = 0.012), mean IOP (p = 0.037), and younger age (p = 0.049) were significantly more associated with group 1. When adjusting mean IOP, age, LCCI, and MVD, only pre‐treatment IOP (p = 0.014) was significantly associated with group 1. When adjusting pretreatment IOP, age, LCCI, and MVD, higher mean IOP (p = 0.008) and greater LCCI (p = 0.035) were significantly associated with group 1.Conclusions: RNFL‐dominant loss group is more deeply associated pre‐treatment and mean IOP, and LCCI than GCIPL‐dominant loss group. The higher pre‐treatment and mean IOP, and greater LCCI, the higher the probability of RNFL‐dominant defect.References1. Thylefors B, Negrel AD, Pararajasegaram R, Dadzie KY. Global data on blindness. Bull World Health Organ.1995;73:115–121.2. O'Neill EC, Mackey DA, Connell PP, Hewitt AW, Danesh‐Meyer HV, Crowston JG. The optic nerve head in hereditary.