bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Crimes: Their Nature, Scope, and Problems in Identification
Authors: Lirëza Linert , Koçi Gentian 
Published: June 2023

Environmental crimes are illegal acts that directly harm the environment. They can cause considerable damage to ecosystems, increasing the risk of disease, environmental disaster, food chain contamination, pollution, wildlife degradation, reduced life expectancy, and increased rates of human morbidity. Environmental crime is the fourth largest criminal enterprise in the world. (INTERPOL-UN) These crimes include illegal logging, wildlife trafficking, hazardous waste dumping, illegal fishing, and the trade of endangered species, among others. Despite their wide-ranging implications, identifying and prosecuting these offenses remain challenging. This paper explores the nature and scope of environmental crimes, the difficulties in their identification, and the need for improved detection and enforcement mechanisms to tackle these illegal activities effectively. By examining the current state of environmental crime, the paper seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue, contributing to the development of more effective policies and strategies to combat this growing global problem. The European Space Agency is offering technical support and funding to companies developing innovative and commercial services that use space technology to combat environmental crimes. The paper also discusses the role of organized criminal networks and the relationship between environmental crimes and other types of criminal activities such as money laundering, corruption, and human trafficking. From the other side, it examines the challenges posed by the complexity of environmental crimes, the need for specialized knowledge and expertise, and the role of corruption and other factors that hinder effective identification and enforcement.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
CARBON FIBERS OFFER GREAT POTENTIAL IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Authors: Lluri Luiza , Gërmënji Blerta , Hima Drita 
Published: June 2023

New materials, including the use of carbon fibers, play a critical role in reducing vehicle weights. With a lighter carbon fiber body, car manufacturers can build smaller cars with more efficient engines, bringing even more fuel savings. The main advantage offered by the automotive industry is their potential to reduce car masses, resulting in lower carbon emissions. Carbon fiber is the perfect material for automotive parts. Because of its high flexibility, carbon fiber can match any contour so it is used for any automotive application. It provides high strength and low weight, factors influencing automobile performance. Carbon fiber is comprised primarily of carbon atom which is lighter than metal atom making a part of carbon fibers much lighter than a metal part. This study provides more insight about carbon fiber and what makes this material different from others, as well as what benefits are possible by replacing metal parts with carbon fiber. For this purpose the properties of carbon fibers should be compared to traditional metals (steel, aluminum). Carbon fiber is stronger than steel but lighter than aluminum. The component made from carbon fiber of the same dimensions will be 50% lighter than an aluminum one and more than 5 times lighter than a steel one. Replacing steel components with carbon fiber would reduce the weight of most cars by 60 percent. That 60 percent drop in weight would, in turn, reduce that car's fuel consumption by 30 percent and cut greenhouse gas and other emissions by 10 to 20 percent. That's a huge fuel savings, even without changing the car's engine. A 10% reduction in vehicle weight can improve fuel efficiency by 6%–8% for conventional internal combustion engines, or increase the range of a battery-electric vehicle by up to 10%.
Organization of the Albanian Judicial System
Authors: Buda Dhuli Brikena 
Published: June 2023

All the countries of the former communist bloc, after the fall of totalitarian regimes in the early 1990s, established new governments oriented towards democratic reforms, following the model of countries with high standard democracies, which put the focus on the individual and his freedoms and rights. A distinctive feature of these new democracies in relation to their socio-political tradition was the drafting of liberal constitutions in which state power is distributed among different institutions to achieve a separation of powers, where a functional component of any government is the separation of the judiciary by the executive. The Constitution of the Republic of Albania clearly reflects the intention of the people for the construction of the rule of law, ie a state where the rule of law shall prevail and where everyone is equal before the law. The Constitution, based on the state-building philosophy, accepts the principle of separation of powers . By sanctioning this principle in the given Constitution, the powers in the Republic of Albania are separated and exercised by different state bodies in such a way that no power can exceed its competencies, without being subject to control and counteraction by other powers. Based on the principle of separation of powers, the judicial function is exercised only by the courts. This is the reason why the exercise of judicial function by other powers shall be prohibited, since it violates the independence of the judiciary.

Received: 5 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
Education and Labor Market in Albania and European Union: Achievements and Challenges
Authors: Sota Jani 
Published: June 2023

The education system in Albania since the post-1990 period has undergone numerous reforms, with the aim of keeping pace with developments in this field with the European Union countries. These reforms have not always proved successful and applicable to the conditions of Albania. Consequently, nowadays we face an education system that generally succeeds in preparing young generations for the labor market, but lacks a proper match of labor supply and demand. Adequate development of education in Albania for a workforce that suits the needs of the market constitutes the primary condition towards maximum productivity. Given Albania's pre-accession status in the European Union, it is important that the workforce must ensure competitiveness with the European market. On the other hand, some of the European Commission's recommendations express the need for a higher education law with quality functioning institutions, greater development of higher education curriculumn and improved access to youth inclusion in vocational education development. As well as the education system, which will be trated in this research, the labor market in the European Union is also highly diversified, with member states designing and implementing various policies to promote employment and increase the productivity of local industries over the years. Within the labor market policies, some of them can be listed that apply across EU member states: training, employment incentives, employment support and rehabilitation, direct job creation, incentives to start up ups; social care for the unemployed, early retirement, etc.

Received: 2 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
Prince Wied and the Political-Legal Stability of Albania
Authors: Zaka Aida 
Published: June 2023

This paper addresses the internal stability of Albania during the reign of Prince Wied. It focuses on the riots that took place in southern and central Albania during the period April-August 1914. The paper describes the internal situation and the tools the government used to stabilize it. It focuses on the policy pursued by the Durres government to put an end to the uprisings in the South and in Central Albania and the reasons for its failure to achieve such success. The paper is based mainly on authors who have written about the period of Wied's rule. It is with descriptive nature without elements of statistical or deductive analysis. Through analytical description, light is shed on the aspects of this broad and multifaceted issue.

Received: 7 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
European Union Integration, Perspectives and Challenges
Authors: Gorjani Xhaferi Gerta , Ilia Ilia 
Published: June 2023

European integration is a process whereby states commit themselves to become part of it, considering that this process requires the approximation of legislation with the basis of Acquis Communautaire . From this perspective we would say that this process affects all spheres ofsocial life. We see this in terms of building democratic institutions and aligning institutional basis with the Acquis Communautaire. Fundamental values and traditions of the Albanian nationdoes not weaken, but rather they become more intense walking in the way of good maturity and Function democracy principles that it carries. This process needs to joint within its elements on common fields which compose the basis of a civil society with fundamental values and traditions, a communion of values based on law and legality, communion of interests and communion of actions so that the European integration can be seen as the intersection of a wide intercultural segment of a moral, political and ideological nature. We can say that the European Union can be considered, as a whole, a regionally integrated institution in which the relations between states can be considered to a large extent an example of globalization. Today European Union faces post-pandemic challenges and Ukraine's war with Russia. Beginning with the desire to gain certain advantages at the level of the European Union, but especially for reasons of electoral image, the UK’s exit initiative was turned into reality by the British vote.

Received: 20 September 2022 / Accepted: 25 October 2022 / Published: 30 November 2022
The Analyses of the Corrosion Process of a NI-Ti Shape Memory Alloy in Different Environment
Authors: Ivošević Špiro , Vaštag Đenđi , Kovač Nataša 
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we investigate the corrosion process of Ni-Ti alloy obtained by the new continius casting method. As the corrosion rate of the material depends on the environment in which the material is located and the corrosion product that slows down the corrosion process over time, in this paper we analyze changes in the base material and the formed corrosion product. This changes were analysed in three different marine environments and at different time intervals of 6 and 12 months. Investigation on the base Ni-Ti alloy, were conducted on base of analyses of the corrosion depth in nm which was measured using the Focus Ion Beam (FIB) method. The linear model was used to calculate the values of corrosion rate during the time of exposure. On the other hand, the corrosion product of the alloy increased over time, resulting in the formation of a corrosive layer on the alloy surface depending on the environment to which it is exposed. The content of the corrosive product was considered using semi-quantitative energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and the percentage of oxygen in the corrosive product that appeared on the alloy in all environmental conditions after 6 and 12 months of exposure. As time is raning, corrosion rate is increasing same as percentage of oxygen in each of considered enviroment. Considering results it can be concluded that the formation of the corrosive layer in the sea has a dominant effect on the deceleration of the corrosion process of Ni-Ti alloy, comparing to the all of three considered enviroment.

Received: 11 September 2022 / Accepted: 19 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Determining the Moral Depreciation Function of Railway Vehicles in Market Economy Conditions: A Review
Authors: Doraci Koçi , Çomeni Leonard , Selmani Erjon 
Published: June 2023

In this paper we have studied the necessity of determining the moral consumption (obsolescence) of wagons and locomotives in the conditions of market economy. In this case it has resulted that moral consumption should be determined by comparing the actual value of cash flows related to the operation of the object to be evaluated and the new analog object, for their term service. For this purpose we have determined the factors that affect the obsolescence of locomotives for freight transport. In the paper mathematical models has been employed and combined to arise to an equation able to determine the moral depreciation.

Received: 20 September 2022 / Accepted: 22 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Labor Market along Covid-19 and the New Needs for the Regulation of Distance Working Relationships
Authors: Aliaj Julejda , Sulmina Vanesa 
Published: June 2023

The pandemic that invaded the globe during early 2020 had a major impact on every aspect of each of our lives. The challenges that society faced in the beginning of this situation were mainly related to the uncertainty of the normal continuation of everyone's daily activity. There was a need to adapt to the new conditions we were facing. Despite the initial difficulties and panic, it was necessary to immediately adapt to this new reality, making it possible to create conditions for the continuation of work and all chains closely linked to the economy and the supply of customers with the necessary products and services. Consequently, the labor market was one of the markets which would face the greatest difficulties and which had to create new ways to ensure the continuity of existing labor relations and the creation of spaces for the development of new ones. Small developing countries were first confronted with new concepts of labor market development that were little known to most of the population. We realized that a series of certain job positions did not necessarily have to be developed in certain office settings and also that the market was naturally creating demand for new job roles. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the new developments of the labor market conditioned by certain socio-economic circumstances and also to understand the need that the new circumstances have to be regulated in a legal way to guarantee the basic remuneration rights for the service provided.

Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Dacryocystorhinostomy With and Without Silicone Stent: Is There Any Significant Difference into the Outcomes?
Authors: Aga Alfred , Stajka Klaudia 
Published: June 2023

Aim: To compare the difference between the outcomes of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) with and without silcone tube intubation (stent) for treatment of primary dacryocystitis and phlegmonus dacryocystitis. Method: A hospital based retrospective comparative study of 111 subjects operated for dacryocystitis between October 2014 to May 2021 were analyzed, of which 60 were with silicone stent and 51 were without silicone stent. Silicone tubes were kept in the lacrimal passages for 3 months. In this study we compare the surgery follow up from 3 to 6 months and the complication after each surgery. Surgery was defined as a functional success when there was no evidence of postoperative epiphora, purulent secretions, infection, granuloma, recurrence of dacryocystitis observed upon endonasal endoscopic evaluation. Results: A total of 111 consecutive endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy procedures performed at American Hospital 1 of Tirana between October 2014 and May 2021 were reviewed. Of the 111 patients with acute dacryocystitis, 60 (54.05%) were treated with silicone stent (group A) and 51 (45.94%) were treated without silicone stent (group B). 20 of 111 (18%) were diagnosed with phlegmonous dacryocystitis of wich 7 (11.67%) were part of group A and 13 (25.49%) were part of group B. On six months of surgery all the patients were followed up. Only 7 patients (11.66%) in the group A had complications such us purulent secretions (2 or 28.57%), infection (3 or 42.85%), epiphora (1 or 14.28%), granuloma (1 or 14.28%) and none in the group B had any of them. No complications were encountered in patients with phlegmonous dacryocystitis. Conclusion: Dacryocystorhinostomy with silicone tube intubation and without silicon tube intubation are two different procedures without any significant difference in the rate of success. In the light of differences in its complications this study supports the routine without silicone stent of acute dacryocystitis and phlegmonous dacryocystitis patients following En-DCR surgery, suggesting that stents are not necessary for primary DCRs.

Received: 26 September 2022 / Accepted: 27 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Characterization of Paper Mill Effluent and Its Impacts on the Environment
Authors: Shakil Md Shakilur Zaman , Mostafa Md Golam 
Published: June 2023

he study aimed to characterize paper mill effluents and determine the quality of surface water in the vicinity of the paper mills using a water quality index to understand the pollution level due to the discharge of untreated effluents. Physicochemical parameters and CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment) Water Quality Index (WQI) were used to estimate the degree of pollution in the selected paper mills area in Bogura District of Bangladesh. Moreover, a public perception survey was conducted in the study area to illustrate the present scenario regarding paper mill effluent discharge. The analytical results revealed that the concentrations of TSS, EC, COD, BOD5, phenols, K, and NO3 – N were higher than the permissible limit, and the DO level was below the ECR 1997 standard. However, there was no concentrations of heavy metals exceeded the permissible level. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of several toxic pollutants, including lignin, phenol, and halo compound. The CCME WQI showed that sites S-1 and S-2 were ranked as marginal, while site S-3 was ranked as fair. The study observed that the discharge of untreated paper mill effluent has the potential to cause harm to aquatic life and the environment.
CORRUPCIÓN: CONCEPTOS, TIPOLOGÍAS Y SIGNIFICADOS
Authors: Figueroa Mardones Michel 
Published: June 2023

La complejidad que se le atribuye a los problemas asociados a la corrupción parten de la ausencia de un marco conceptual común que permita reunir en una idea la diversidad de manifestaciones que tiene dicho fenómeno. En este sentido, este artículo ofrece una revisión bibliográfica de los significados del concepto, las variables que lo componen y las diversas tipologías con el objetivo de ofrecer una visión sistemática de la idea de corrupción. Una de las principales conclusiones es que la corrupción se aborda principalmente como un problema del ejercicio del poder, excluyendo de su conceptualización los comportamientos cotidianos que tienen las personas.
Premio a Mejor Ensayo - ANTICORRUPCIÓN EN LATINOAMÉRICA: DESAFÍOS PARA CHILE EN TRANSPARENCIA Y USO DE TECNOLOGÍAS DE INFORMACIÓN
Authors: Franco Carias María , Navarrete Esparza Marcelo Andrés 
Published: June 2023

El estado de la corrupción en Latinoamérica ha sido el centro de la discusión en materia de ética y probidad en sectores públicos y privados de cada país. Los constantes acontecimientos en actos de corrupción han llevado a algunos países de Latinoamérica a desarrollar estrategias anticorrupción basadas en recomendaciones de organismos nacionales e internacionales. Muchas de las recomendaciones concluyen, entre otras cosas, que la transparencia y uso de la tecnología son las principales herramientas en el combate de la corrupción y que se debe promover y desarrollar su implementación. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo general exponer las distintas experiencias respecto a mecanismos de transparencia anticorrupción bajo el uso de tecnologías de información empleados en países latinoamericanos, así como también, presentar los desafíos que debe enfrentar Chile en esta materia.
Il laboratorio ECVAM 3D: un’esperienza di apprendimento laboratoriale in un ambiente digitale tridimensionale e interattivo
Authors: Abbate Emma 
Published: June 2023

L’articolo descrive l’applicazione didattica di un ambiente virtuale interattivo: il laboratorio tridimensionale ECVAM sperimentato nel corso dell’anno scolastico 2021/2022 in classi del biennio di un liceo scientifico, ordinamento tradizionale e Biomedico. La sperimentazione rientra in un progetto pilota, “The three Rs and animal use in Science” (3 Rs), promosso da Scientix, un portale online finanziato dal programma “Horizon 2020” dell’Unione europea per la ricerca e l’innovazione, che raccoglie e presenta progetti europei di educazione STEM e i loro risultati.
Didattica immersiva e fragilità: dalla cornice teorica alla sperimentazione in classe
Authors: Iaquinta Rosa 
Published: June 2023

Risultano poche le progettazioni didattiche che promuovono interventi riguardanti i bisogni di crescita degli studenti. Di contro, i saperi disciplinari vengono considerati insignificanti per chi fronteggia difficoltà esistenziali. Vivere una condizione di mancanza genera ostacoli nel partecipare alla vita. La sperimentazione è stata realizzata in una scuola in cui i disagi dei giovani sono influenzati dal territorio geografico, collocato in un’area a rischio dispersione, spopolamento dei luoghi di residenza e a forte processo migratorio. L’esperienza ha fatto ricorso alla didattica immersiva ed è nata dal desiderio di fornire risposte ai bisogni degli studenti di età compresa tra i 14 e i 19 anni. I giovani coinvolti nel progetto manifestavano forme di isolamento fisico e mentale, senso di straniamento dal mondo e rare occasioni di interfacciarsi con altre realtà.
Keysearch Rekrutmen SDM Terhadap Retensi Pegawai Di SDIT AR-Ruhama
Authors: Putra Novit Rizal , Rahayu Assya Meidia Sari , Kurniawan Kurniawan , Asy’ari Hasyim , Arief Armai 
Published: June 2023

Dalam mencari Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas adalah dengan melalui system rekrutmen. Setiap perusahaan akan memiliki system rekrutmen yang berbeda-beda dengan perusahaan atau lembaga lainnya. Dikarenakan setiap perusahaan atau lembaga memiliki kebutuhan yang tidak sama. Pada lembaga Pendidikan Sumber Daya Manusia adalah hal yang sangat penting. Dengan adanya rekrutmen maka akan mendapatkan Sumber Daya Manusia lebih komperetif untuk mempengaruhi retensi karyawan. Dalam mempertahankan karayawan menjadi persoalan utama pada sebuah perusahaan atau lembaga karena mobilitas karyawan yang semakin meningkat. Retensi karyawan penting untuk membuat pegawai yang berbakat dan baik untuk tetap berada di perusahaan atau lembaga. Tujuan dari rekrutmen adalah menemukan dan memperkerjakan bakat-bakat terbaik dan menjaga perusahaan atau lembaga untuk tetap kompetitif serta mempertahankan karyawan terbaik. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 25 orang dengan kriteria 20 tenaga pendidik dan 5 tenaga kependidikan. Hasil Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (MSDM) di SDIT Ar-Ruhama meletakkan focus rekrutmen pada tinjauan yaitu memikat pelamar, Penetapan pilihan, legalitas SDM, dan reputasi lembaga. Dalam hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Keysearch rekrutmen SDM terhadap Restensi pegawai di SDIT Ar-ruhama memiliki hasil yang positif terhadap retensi pegawai.