bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical recycling of expanded polystyrene and tire rubber waste as compatibilized and toughened blends
Authors: Junior Antonio José Andrade , Saron Clodoaldo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPackaging represents a significant source of all polymer waste produced in the world. Thus, improving recycling methods is essential to achieve an environmentally sustainable condition since the volume of produced polymer and of related waste has grown. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam is a thermoplastic with important performance of properties such as thermal isolation and absorption of mechanical energy that allow large application in packaging and other segments. However, the EPS recycling is a challenger due to its low density and poor properties. The rubber incorporation to the recycled EPS is an alternative for the toughening of the polymer matrix as well as improving its mechanical properties. In present study, EPS waste from electric and electronic products packaging was treated by three distinct methods for polymer densification and after it was thermo‐mechanically processed by extrusion with variable content of ground tire rubber (GTR) and compatibilizer agent styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) copolymer to produce compatibilized and toughened PS/rubber blends. Mechanical, thermal and rheological properties of materials were evaluated by different analyses. The incorporation of rubber to the recycled EPS has significantly improved the mechanical properties of the material and the presence of the SBS agent was effective to compatibilize the PS/rubber blends. Therefore, the preparation of compatibilized PS/rubber blends showed to be a way to the mechanical recycling of EPS and rubber tires waste.
Gut Inflammation in Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients is Characterized by a Marked Type 17 Skewed Mucosal Innate‐like T Cell Signature
Authors: Mortier Céline , Quintelier Katrien , De Craemer Ann‐Sophie , Renson Thomas , Deroo Liselotte , Dumas Emilie , Verheugen Eveline , Coudenys Julie , Decruy Tine , Lukasik Zuzanna , Van Gassen Sofie , Saeys Yvan , Hoorens Anne , Lobatón Triana , Van den Bosch Filip , Van de Wiele Tom , Venken Koen , Elewaut Dirk 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivePatients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) often present with microscopic signs of gut inflammation, a risk factor for progressive disease. We investigated whether mucosal innate‐like T cells are involved in dysregulated interleukin‐23 (IL‐23)/IL‐17 responses in the gut‐joint axis in SpA.MethodsIleal and colonic intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs), and paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from treatment‐naive patients with nonradiographic axial SpA with (n = 11) and without (n = 14) microscopic gut inflammation and healthy controls (n = 15) undergoing ileocolonoscopy. The presence of gut inflammation was assessed histopathologically. Immunophenotyping of innate‐like T cells and conventional T cells was performed using intracellular flow cytometry. Unsupervised clustering analysis was done by FlowSOM technology. Serum IL‐17A levels were measured via Luminex.ResultsMicroscopic gut inflammation in nonradiographic axial SpA was characterized by increased ileal intraepithelial γδ‐hi T cells, a γδ‐T cell subset with elevated γδ‐T cell receptor expression. γδ‐hi T cells were also increased in PBMCs of patients with nonradiographic axial SpA versus healthy controls and were strongly associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score. The abundance of mucosal‐associated invariant T cells and invariant natural killer T cells was unaltered. Innate‐like T cells in the inflamed gut showed increased RORγt, IL‐17A, and IL‐22 levels with loss of T‐bet, a signature that was less pronounced in conventional T cells. Presence of gut inflammation was associated with higher serum IL‐17A levels. In patients treated with tumor necrosis factor blockade, the proportion of γδ‐hi cells and RORγt expression in blood was completely restored.ConclusionIntestinal innate‐like T cells display marked type 17 skewing in the inflamed gut mucosa of patients with nonradiographic axial SpA. γδ‐hi T cells are linked to intestinal inflammation and disease activity in SpA.
Moderne Konzepte im Massivbau – über Potenziale von Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz
Authors: Steiner Daniel , Sprenger Bjarne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDie Anwendung von Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz bietet vielfältiges und vielversprechendes Potenzial für die Entwicklung innovativer Konzepte in Forschung und Praxis. Zur Darstellung der erschließbaren Möglichkeiten werden ausgewählte Methoden und moderne Konzepte aus dem Bereich des Massivbaus vorgestellt. Adaptiv vorgespannte Betontragwerke wurden mit lernfähigen Regelungsalgorithmen auf Basis der Fuzzy Logic realisiert. Für eine kontinuierliche Brückenüberwachung wurde ein Monitoringkonzept erarbeitet, das eine Modelladaption mittels evolutionärer Algorithmen und eine Zuverlässigkeitsbewertung mit künstlichen neuronalen Netzen umfasst. Für eine effiziente Unterstützung des Vorentwurfs von Gebäuden wurde ein wissensbasiertes System entwickelt, das die Erfassung und Bereitstellung von Ingenieurwissen durch scharfe und unscharfe Wissensbanken sowie der Possibilitätstheorie leistet. Diese modernen Konzepte im Massivbau unterstreichen wesentliche Potenziale des Einsatzes von Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz.
A novel bias in managers' allocation of bonuses to teams: Emphasis on team size instead of team contribution
Authors: Bai Yun , Feng Zhiyu , Pinto Jonathan , Savani Krishna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow should managers supervising multiple teams allocate bonuses—based on each team's size or based on each team's contribution? According to the commonly accepted equity norm for allocating rewards, managers should distribute bonuses based on the relative contributions of the team. In contrast, we propose that managers are instead distracted by the number of employees in each team and neglect team contribution highlighted in the equity norm. Pilot Studies 1 and 2 confirmed that in both individual‐ and team‐based bonus allocation situations, people preferred and actually allocated rewards according to the equity norm rather than the equality norm or the need norm when only contribution was manipulated. However, Study 1, a laboratory experiment, revealed that individuals assigned to the role of a manager allocated more bonuses to the larger team even though the two teams' actual work output (in terms of the number of units of work completed) was nearly identical. Study 2 replicated the key findings of Study 1 using a sample of managers supervising teams in organizations. Study 3 developed an information nudge—highlighting the team contribution—that reduced this bias. Together, these studies indicate a novel team‐size bias that creeps in when managers allocate rewards to multiple teams and document an information nudge to reduce this bias.
Evaluation of a remote monitoring app in head and neck cancer follow‐up care
Authors: van de Weerd Cecile , Ebbers Tom , Smilde Donna E. M. , van Tol‐Geerdink Julia J. , Takes Robert P. , van den Broek Guido B. , Hermens Rosella P. M. G. , Kool Rudolf B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundA remote monitoring app was developed for head and neck cancer (HNC) follow‐up during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. This mixed‐methods study provides insight in the usability and patients' experiences with the app to develop recommendations for future use.MethodsPatients were invited to participate if they were treated for HNC, used the app at least once and were in clinical follow‐up. A subset was selected for semi‐structured interviews through purposive sampling considering gender and age. This study was conducted between September 2021–May 2022 at a Dutch university medical center.Results135 of the 216 invited patients completed the questionnaire, resulting in a total mHealth usability score of 4.72 (± 1.13) out of 7. Thirteen semi‐structured interviews revealed 12 barriers and 11 facilitators. Most of them occurred at the level of the app itself. For example, patients received no feedback when all their answers were normal. The app made patients feel more responsible over their follow‐up, but could not fulfill the need for personal contact with the attending physician. Patients felt that the app could replace some of the outpatient follow‐up visits.ConclusionsOur app is user‐friendly, makes patients feel more in control and remote monitoring can reduce the frequency of outpatient follow‐up visits. The barriers that emerged must be resolved before the app can be used in regular HNC follow‐up. Future studies should investigate the appropriate ratio of remote monitoring to outpatient follow‐up visits and the cost‐effectiveness of remote monitoring in oncology care on a larger scale.
Stable and Reusable Fe3O4/ZIF‐8 Composite for Encapsulation of FDH Enzyme under Mild Conditions Applicable to CO2 Reduction
Authors: Aguirre Matías E. , Ramírez Cristina L. , Di Iorio. Yesica 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe enzymatic reduction of carbon dioxide presents limited applicability due to denaturation and the impossibility of biocatalyst recovery; disadvantages that can be minimized by its immobilization. Here, a recyclable bio‐composed system was constructed by in‐situ encapsulation under mild conditions using formate dehydrogenase in a ZIF‐8 metalorganic framework (MOF) in the presence of magnetite. The partial dissolution of ZIF‐8 in the enzyme's operation medium can be relatively inhibited if the concentration of magnetic support used exceeds 10 mg mL−1. The bio‐friendly environment for immobilization does not harm the integrity of the biocatalyst, and the production of formic acid is improved 3.4‐fold compared to the free enzyme because the MOFs act as concentrators of the enzymatic cofactor. Furthermore, the bio‐composed system retains 86 % of its activity after a long time of five cycles, thus indicating an excellent magnetic recovery and a good reusability.
Highly Electrophilic Mononuclear Cationic Aluminium Alkoxide Complexes: Syntheses, Reactivity and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Bhandari Mamta , Kaur Mandeep , Rawat Sandeep , Singh Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of β‐diketiminate‐supported aluminium complexes bearing terminal alkoxide and mono‐thiol functional groups: LAlOMe(Et) (2), LAlOtBu(Et) (3), and LAlSH(Et) (4), (L=[HC{C(Me)N‐(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}2]). Complexes 2 and 3 are further used as synthons to generate the fascinating cationic aluminium alkoxide complexes, [LAlOMe(μ‐OMe)‐Al(Et)L][EtB(C6F5)3] (5), [LAlOMe(OEt2)][EtB(C6F5)3] (6), and [LAlOtBu(OEt2)][EtB(C6F5)3] (8). These electrophilic cationic species are well characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic techniques. The assessment of Lewis acidity by the Gutmann‐Beckett method revealed superior Lewis acidity of the cations substituted with electron‐demanding alkoxy groups in comparison to the known methyl analogue [LAlMe][B(C6F5)4]. This has been further endorsed by computational calculations to determine the NBO charges and hydride ion affinity for complexes 6 and 8. These complexes are also capable of activating triethylsilane in stoichiometric reactions. The applicability of these complexes has been realized in the hydrosilylation of ethers, carbonyls, and olefines. Additionally, the solid‐state structure of a new THF stabilized aluminium halide cation [LAlCl(THF)][B(C6F5)4] (11) has also been reported.
The critical mass for the unconfined vapour cloud explosion of compressed and liquid hydrogen
Authors: Salzano Ernesto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe (unconfined) vapour cloud explosion (VCE) is a dramatic phenomenon that generates a severe pressure wave with a high potential to damage assets and produce injuries in the far field. This definition applies also to hydrogen. Nevertheless, no clear tools and methodology have been so far developed and tested for this highly reactive gas, and even advanced numerical simulations lack validation and suffer from large uncertainties. In this view, the comprehension of the physic which subtends this dramatic phenomenon for the specific case of hydrogen is still a central issue. This paper revises some of the most adopted theories on VCE based on classical acoustic theory and models for pressure wave propagation and provides a consequence‐based, threshold (minimum) value for the critical mass of hydrogen which is needed—at a stoichiometric concentration in air—for a vapour cloud to behave as a VCE. To this regard, any non‐stoichiometric hydrogen concentration in air or lower amount of hydrogen would decrease either the flame Mach number or the total energy, thus resulting in negligible overpressure. In this sense, the effects of buoyancy, diffusivity, and weather conditions on the dispersion of hydrogen should be taken into account. The results are valid either for compressed or cryogenic liquid tanks and can be adopted for the sake of distinction between hydrogen flash fire and VCE; for the hazard analysis of hydrogen production and storage; and more in general for the risk assessment of hydrogen systems.
The influence of childhood emotional maltreatment on cognitive symptoms, rumination, and hopelessness in adulthood depression
Authors: Domke Ann‐Kathrin , Hartling Corinna , Stippl Anna , Carstens Luisa , Gruzman Rebecca , Bajbouj Malek , Gärtner Matti , Grimm Simone 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChildhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) is a risk factor for the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. However, it is not clear whether CEM is more strongly related to specific symptoms of depression and whether specific traits or cognitive states may mediate the association between CEM and depressive symptoms. In our cross‐sectional study, including 72 patients with a current depressive episode, we investigated if CEM is specifically related to cognitive symptoms of depression. In addition, we evaluated whether CEM also influences the extent of rumination and hopelessness in adult depression. Using multiple regression analyses, we tested if CEM and rumination could predict cognitive symptoms and hopelessness. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to examine if rumination mediates the relationship between CEM and cognitive symptoms. Correlational analyses revealed that CEM was related to cognitive symptoms, rumination, and hopelessness. The regression analyses showed that only rumination was a significant predictor for cognitive symptoms and hopelessness, whereas CEM could not significantly predict the two constructs. SEM revealed that the association between CEM and cognitive symptoms in adult depression was mediated by rumination. Our results thereby suggest that CEM is a risk factor particularly for the development of cognitive symptoms as well as rumination and hopelessness in adult depression. However, the influence on cognitive symptomatology seems to be indirectly regulated by rumination. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of processes that promote depression, as well as provide guidance for more targeted treatment options.
Triplet Formation and Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Iodine Substituted Non‐Orthogonal BODIPY‐Perylene Dyads
Authors: Kumar Jha Keshav , Prabhakaran Amrutha , Cane Sia Rengel , Arellano Reyes Ruben Arturo , Kumar Sarangi Nirod , Yang Tingxiang , Kumar Krishan , Kupfer Stephan , Guthmuller Julien , Keyes Tia E. , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBODIPY‐perylene dyads have emerged as useful metal free sensitizers for triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (TTAUC), these dyads are capable of efficient triplet generation via spin‐orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT‐ISC). This important route to triplet formation requires dyads in which two moieties are oriented perpendicular to each other. In this contribution, we give a deeper insight on the behavior of recently reported BODIPY‐perylene dyads, where BODIPY‐perylene dihedral exhibits a non‐orthogonal dyad geometry. The intersystem crossing of BODIPY‐perylene dyads with and without iodine are investigated using femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) and nanosecond transient absorption (ns‐TA) spectroscopy. The concurrent decay of the singlet charge transfer state (1CT) and rise of triplet states in both the iodinated and non‐iodinated dyads confirms the SOCT‐ISC as the main intersystem crossing pathway despite the altered geometry of the dyads. The presence of an iodine atom on the BODIPY‐moiety enables intersystem crossing 2.6‐times faster and provides a higher triplet yield with respect to dyad without iodine. The upconversion quantum yield (
) is 8.4‐times higher in the sample containing iodinated dyad as sensitizer and perylene as annihilator. The triplet‐triplet energy transfer rate (kTTET) is ~8×108 M−1 s−1 for both iodinated and non‐iodinated sensitizer containing TTAUC systems in 1,4‐dioxane.
Electrochemically Activated Expanded Graphite with Tailor‐Made Pores for Magnesium–Organocation Hybrid Batteries
Authors: Mohanty Sangram Keshari , Cao Lei , Choi Byeong Kil , Ryu Ji Heon , Park Jin Kyoon , Yoo Hyun Deog 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are the groups of Prof. Hyun Deog Yoo and Prof. Jin Kyoon Park at Pusan National University, and Prof. Ji Heon Ryu at Tech University of Korea (Republic of Korea). The cover image illustrates the generation of tailor‐made pores by the electrochemical activation of expanded graphite for a magnesium–organocation hybrid battery. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202300035.
Novel comprehensive feedback theory—Part I: Generalization of the cut‐insertion theorem and demonstration of feedback universality
Authors: Pellegrini Bruno , Macucci Massimo , Marconcini Paolo 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe previous cut‐insertion theorem, defined for linear circuits and for particular three‐terminal circuits (TTCs) to be inserted into the cut, is here extended to any TTC and, in a simplified form, to non‐linear networks. The TTC may include dependent and independent sources and any other passive and/or independent elements, and, together with the remaining part of the circuit, determines a feedback loop for which the “transmission factors”
and
can be defined and computed. The theorem allows to obtain all the circuit properties: the overall gain, the driving‐point immittances, a new properly defined “cut immittance,” the sensitivity, and so on. For
becomes the “classic” loop gain. As will be shown in Part II of the paper, the new approach, depending on the TTC implementation, includes and unifies all the previous feedback models and enables the creation of new ones. Moreover, starting from the paradigmatic definition of a system with a feedback as a system in which the output quantity is in part an effect of itself, the universal presence of feedback in any system is shown. Finally, the results are highlighted by the application to unilateral non‐linear systems, such as digital latches, and to bilateral linear circuits, such as bridged‐
networks.
Development of a novel two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis protocol with agarose native gel electrophoresis
Authors: Nakagawa Masataka , Tomioka Yui , Sakuma Chiaki , Kurosawa Yasunori , Shibata Takashi , Arakawa Tsutomu , Akuta Teruo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA new protocol for conducting two‐dimensional (2D) electrophoresis was developed by combining the recently developed agarose native gel electrophoresis with either vertical sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) or flat SDS agarose gel electrophoresis. Our innovative technique utilizes His/MES buffer (pH 6.1) during the first‐dimensional (1D) agarose native gel electrophoresis, which allows for the simultaneous and clear visualization of basic and acidic proteins in their native states or complex structures. Our agarose gel electrophoresis is a true native electrophoresis, unlike blue native–PAGE, which relies on the intrinsic charged states of the proteins and their complexes without the need for dye binding. In the 2D, the gel strip from the 1D agarose gel electrophoresis is soaked in SDS and placed on top of the vertical SDS–PAGE gels or the edge of the flat SDS–MetaPhor high‐resolution agarose gels. This allows for customized operation using a single electrophoresis device at a low cost. This technique has been successfully applied to analyze various proteins, including five model proteins (BSA, factor Xa, ovotransferrin, IgG, and lysozyme), monoclonal antibodies with slightly different isoelectric points, polyclonal antibodies, and antigen–antibody complexes, as well as complex proteins such as IgM pentamer and β‐galactosidase tetramer. Our protocol can be completed within a day, taking approximately 5–6 h, and can be expanded further into Western blot analysis, mass spectrometry analysis, and other analytical methods.
Electrochemical interference study of manganese and iron by multiplex method and the application for manganese analysis in drinking water
Authors: Shi Yichun , Pei Yu , Lamothe Nicholas , Macdonald Kirsten , Payne Sarah Jane , She Zhe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractManganese is an emerging concern in drinking water, due to its potential health and aesthetic effects. Although accurate and sensitive, spectroscopic techniques for Mn2+ detection are costly and not capable of rapid detection. Electrochemical methods, such as cathodic stripping voltammetry, have been intensively explored as portable low‐cost methods for Mn2+ detection. Challenges of reliability and matrix interference are difficult to overcome with current electrochemical methods. Among the interference reagents, Fe2+ is one of the biggest challenges for Mn2+ detection. Herein, a new method based on multiplex chronoamperometry at potentials between 0.9 and 1.4 V by a multichannel potentiostat is explored for its ability for interference resistance and applicability for Mn2+ detection in real drinking water samples. Compared to conventional one‐channel electrochemical techniques, the multiplex method generates a reliable pattern that is unique to the sample components. The interference between Mn2+ and Fe2+ is investigated and the results are promising even at 100:1 Fe2+:Mn2+ concentrations. The detection limit determined for the multiplex method was 25.3 μM, and the optimum recovery rate in a real drinking water sample was 99.8%.
Nutritive value of forages consumed by ruminants during the dry season in the Western Highlands of Cameroon
Authors: Tieubou Tsopgni Leslie , Lemoufouet Jules , Meutchieye Felix , Edie Nounamo Langston Wilfried , Nyembo Kondo Camile , Kana Jean Raphaël , Mouchili Mama , Feudjio Back Armel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the Western Highlands of Cameroon (WHC), information on the nutritional value of fodder species consumed by ruminants is very limited.MethodsThrough interviews with farmers and monitoring of animals on the range, information was obtained on the types of fodder resources consumed by the ruminants. Samples of each forage species were collected in 15 districts, mixed, chopped, and dried in a ventilated oven at 60°C, and then ground for chemical composition analysis.ResultsTwenty‐two forage species were identified. Among these species, Vernonia amygdalina (29.43% ± 0.45% dry matter [DM]) and Pennisetum clandestinum (87.21% ± 1.33% DM) were, respectively, the highest in protein and neutral detergent fiber contents. Manihot esculenta was one of the most energy‐rich forages in terms of forage unit for lactation and forage unit for meat production. Hierarchical ascending classification revealed three main groups of forages, respectively, rich in crude fiber (Group 1), protein (Group 2), and energy (Group 3).ConclusionsThe present study identified 22 forage species browsed by ruminants in WHC. Further studies should be carried out to determine the antinutritional factors and to evaluate their nutrient value using in vitro or in situ digestibility techniques.