bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical Quality Risk Assessment and Design of Experiments to Green HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sildenafil Citrate and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride
Authors: Prajapati Pintu B , Sheta Bhavesh M , Pulusu Veerashakar , Shah Shailesh A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A green and robust high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of sildenafil citrate and dapoxetine hydrochloride. A fractional factorial design was applied for analytical quality risk assessment of potential analytical risk factors. The identified critical analytical risk factors were optimized using the design of experiment-based response surface analysis by full factorial design. The analytical design space was navigated for the optimization of the method and the control strategy was framed for low-risk life-cycle management of the chromatographic method. The chromatographic analysis of sildenafil and dapoxetine was carried out on a TLC plate coated with silica gel G60 F254 using n-butanol:ethyl acetate:ethanol (8.0 + 2.0 + 0.5, v/v) as mobile phase. The chromatographic peaks of sildenafil and dapoxetine were found to be at Rf 0.29 and 0.69, respectively. The method was found to be accurate, precise, robust, specific and sensitive. The fixed-dose combinations of sildenafil and dapoxetine were assayed and results were found in compliance with their labeled claim. The present method was developed using safe and eco-friendly organic solvents for the safety of analysts and the protection of the environment. The greenness profiles of developed and reported methods were evaluated using the NEMI scale and AGREE software.
Fetal growth restriction inhibits childhood growth despite catch-up in discordant identical twins: an observational cohort study
Authors: Groene Sophie G , Gremmen Irma J , van Zwet Erik W , Roest Arno A W , Haak Monique C , van Klink Jeanine M M , Lopriore Enrico , Heijmans Bastiaan T , de Bruin Christiaan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Research suggests that postnatal catch-up growth after fetal growth restriction (FGR) occurs frequently. Yet, postnatal growth in singletons may be influenced by multiple factors. Identical twins with discordant prenatal growth, termed selective FGR (sFGR), can be regarded as a natural experiment eliminating these sources of bias.

Design
Observational cohort study.

Methods
Monochorionic twins with sFGR born between 2002 and 2017 (aged 3-17 years) were eligible. Growth measurements (height, weight, head circumference, and body mass index) were performed at follow-up. Detailed growth curves documented by a systematic primary care system in the Netherlands were collected. Measurements were converted to standard deviation scores (SDSs). A mixed-effects model was used to assess within-pair SDS difference and individual height SDS relative to target height SDS.

Results
Forty-seven twin pairs (94 children) were included at a median age of 11 (interquartile range 8-13) years. At the last measurement, smaller twins at birth had a lower height SDS [−0.6 vs −0.3, P &lt; .001, median difference 0.5 (95%CI 0.4-0.7)], lower weight SDS [−0.5 vs −0.1, P &lt; .001, median difference 0.8 (95%CI 0.5-1.0)], and lower head circumference SDS [−0.5 vs 0.2, P &lt; .001, median difference 0.8 (95%CI 0.6-0.9)] compared to larger twins. These differences persisted until the age of 17. Smaller twins showed rapid catch-up growth in the first 2 years and reached their target height range between 8 and 11 years.

Conclusions
Identical twins with discordant prenatal growth maintain a modest but significant difference in height, weight, and head circumference, indicating a persistent, inhibitory effect of an adverse intrauterine environment on childhood growth.
In Defence of Future Generations: A Reply to Stephen Humphreys
Authors: Wewerinke-Singh Margaretha , Garg Ayan , Agarwalla Shubhangi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this reply to Stephen Humphreys, we challenge the dismissal of future generations as a locus of responsibility for present generations. Drawing from diverse sources such as indigenous law, environmental jurisprudence and practice, we demonstrate that global discourse on intergenerationality is broader and more nuanced than Humphreys suggests. Our response highlights the importance of incorporating diverse perspectives to enrich discourse and promote an inclusive approach to the progressive development of international law. Further, we contend that ‘future generations’ discourse has emancipatory power, offering potential for reshaping international law based on a vision of justice and solidarity across time and space. We call for increased dialogue and collaboration among scholars, practitioners and frontline communities to ensure that future generations discourse remains grounded in real-world experiences. By persistently interrogating and developing our understanding of responsibilities owed to future generations, we can imagine and cultivate a more inclusive – and, hence, more promising – approach to addressing climate change and related global crises.
Synergistic effects of succession and microtopography of moraine on the fungal spatial diversity in a glacier forefield
Authors: Masumoto Shota , Mori Akira S , Nishizawa Keita , Naka Minagi , Matsuoka Shunsuke , Wong Shu-Kuan , Uchida Masaki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Primary succession and microtopography result in environmental changes and are important processes influencing the community assembly of soil fungi in the Arctic region. In glacier forefields that contain a series of moraine ridges, both processes contribute synchronously to fungal spatial diversity. To reveal the synergistic effects of succession and microtopography, we investigated the fungal community structure and environmental variables in the moraines of the Arklio Glacier, Ellesmere Island. The study sites were established at four locations from the top to the bottom of the ridge slope within each of the three moraine ridges of different post-glacial ages. The location-dependent community composition was equally diverse in both the initial and later stages of succession, suggesting that successional time could alter the effects of microtopography on the fungal community. Moreover, our results suggest that fungal communities at different locations follow different successional trajectories, even if they have passed through the same time lapse. Such a synergistic effect of succession and microtopography of moraines does not allow for parallel changes in fungal communities among moraines or among locations, suggesting that the moraine series contributes substantially to fungal spatial diversity in the glacier forefield.
A National Typology of Health Service Regulation in Assisted Living
Authors: Smith Lindsey , Carder Paula , Hua Cassandra , Zimmerman Sheryl , Sloane Philip D , Zhang Wenhan , Wretman Christopher J , Cornell Portia , Thomas Kali S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
State-regulating agencies use 350 different licenses and certifications to govern assisted living (AL), resulting in significant variation in regulations governing health services, the scope of practice, and capacity. This lack of standardization makes it difficult to compare and contrast AL operations and residents’ outcomes across similarly regulated communities.

Research Design and Methods
We used qualitative and quantitative methods to empirically develop and describe a typology of state AL regulations that captures inter- and intrastate variation. Based on the rules governing health services, we created regulatory specificity scores for 5 thematic dimensions: medication administration, third-party care, skilled nursing, medication review, and licensed nurse staffing. With these scores, we conducted a K-means cluster analysis to identify groups of AL license types. To differentiate the regulatory types, we calculated standardized mean differences across structure, process, outcome, and resident characteristics of the AL communities licensed under each type.

Results
We identified 6 types of AL differentiated by the regulatory provisions governing health services: Housing, Holistic, Hybrid, Hospitality, Healthcare, and Health Support. The types align with previous work and reflect tangible differences in resident characteristics, health service structures, processes, and outcomes.

Discussion and Implications
This typology effectively captures differences across regulated dimensions and can inform and support quality of care. Researchers, policy-makers, and consumers may benefit from using this typology and acknowledging these differences in AL licensure when designing research studies, developing policies, and selecting an AL community.
Gatekeeper’s potential privilege—the need to limit DMA centralization
Authors: Hoffmann Jörg , Herrmann Liza , Kestler Lukas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Digital Markets Act (DMA) aims at promoting contestable and fair markets for core platform services by setting out obligations for designated gatekeepers. As the DMA does not clearly define these objectives, it comes into conflict with national legislation with overlapping objectives. This may include unfair competition laws and sector-specific regulation. Article 1(5) DMA addresses this conflict by stipulating that Member States may not impose further obligations on gatekeepers for the purpose of ensuring contestable and fair markets. The effect this has is that national provisions vis-à-vis gatekeepers may not be applicable anymore, and competences are centralized on the European level more broadly than potentially envisaged by the European legislature. This centralization of competences runs the risk of inadvertently privileging gatekeepers by blocking national laws that are, however, still applicable to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and other firms competing with gatekeepers. This article suggests solutions to mitigate such a risk.
Effect of Clostridium butyricum on the formation of primary choledocholithiasis based on intestinal microbiome and metabolome analysis
Authors: Li Guofu , Yu Tingting , Du Haiming , Zhang Lichao , Liu Xiaoxuan , Hou Senlin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the function and probable mechanism of Clostridium butyricum in the development of choledocholithiasis.

Methods and results
The lithogenic diet group and the lithogenic diet + C. butyricum group were used to develop the choledocholithiasis model. During the experiment, C. butyricum suspension was administered to the rats in the lithogenic diet + C. butyricum group. The findings demonstrated that the C. butyricum intervention decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the colon of experimental animals given a lithogenic diet. The relative levels of Desulfovibrio (0.93%) and Streptococcus (0.38%) fell, whereas Lactobacillus (22.36%), Prevotella (14.09%), and bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids increased. Finally, 68 distinct metabolic products were found based on nontargeted metabonomics, and 42 metabolic pathways associated to the various metabolites were enriched.

Conclusions
We found that C. butyricum decreased the development of choledocholithiasis. It keeps the equilibrium of the rat’s gut microbiome intact and lowers the danger of bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal and biliary systems. It is hypothesized that by controlling lipid metabolism, it may also have an impact on the development of cholelithiasis.
Acute Renal Failure with Severe Loin Pain and Patchy Renal Ischemia after Anaerobic Exercise in Active Duty Marines
Authors: Hughes Kathryn G , Miller Nancy L 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Acute renal failure with severe loin pain and patchy renal ischemia after anaerobic exercise (ALPE) is a rare cause of exertional acute kidney injury. The proposed mechanism of injury in ALPE is renovascular spasm, in the setting of oxidative stress and muscular damage, which creates a characteristic wedge-shaped infarction pattern on delayed imaging. Patients present with nausea, vomiting, loin or abdominal pain, and fatigue within 1-2 days of anaerobic exercise, associated with an acute rise in serum creatinine, which generally plateaus within 3 days. This process is likely exacerbated by dehydration, analgesic usage, and lower baseline fitness levels. This disease process is distinct from rhabdomyolysis, in that creatine kinase levels are not significantly elevated, myoglobinuria is not seen, and aggressive fluid resuscitation is not beneficial. We present three cases of ALPE following participation in the Marine Combat Fitness Test (CFT), an anaerobic evolution. Medical workup demonstrated no additional etiology for acute renal failure. The average peak creatinine in these patients was 2.9 mg/dL, and all demonstrated return to normal renal function, without hemodialysis. One patient experienced recurrent ALPE, after short-interval CFT participation. Military medical providers should be aware of this diagnosis when evaluating service members with acute renal injury after exercise. The clinical course is benign, and affected service members are at increased risk of recurrence, with subsequent intense exercise. Service members should engage in a graduated exercise program, before intense exercise activities, and should be monitored closely for recurrent renal injury.
Research excellence and scientific advisory boards
Authors: Göser Maya , Wimmer Stefan , Sauer Johannes 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Scientific advisory boards are frequently established to provide scientific insights and advice to policymakers. Advisory board appointing bodies often state that research excellence and scientific seniority are the main grounds on which advisory board members are selected. Many authors have pointed out that there is more to giving good scientific advice than just being an expert for a specific research field. The aim of this study is to analyse if and how research excellence correlates with the probability of being appointed as a scientific advisory board member. We collected data for scientific advisory boards from both the USA and Germany. We use logit regression models to analyse how research excellence correlates with the probability of appointment to a scientific advisory board. Our results suggest that research excellence is insignificant or even correlates negatively with the probability of being appointed to a scientific advisory board.
Diagnoses and medications associated with delayed ejaculation
Authors: Mulloy Evan , Zhang Amy , Balladelli Federico , Del Giudice Francesco , Glover Frank , Eisenberg Michael L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Delayed ejaculation (DE) is a disorder that can cause significant distress for sexually active men. The etiology of DE is largely idiopathic, with even less being known about clinical factors associated with the condition.

Aim
We sought to use data mining techniques to examine a broad group of health conditions and pharmaceutical treatments to identify factors associated with DE.

Methods
Using an insurance claims database, we evaluated all men with a diagnosis of DE and matched them to a cohort (1:1) of men with other male sexual disorders of urologic origin (ie, erectile dysfunction [ED] and Peyronie’s disease [PD]). Given the low prevalence of DE, we incorporated the random forest approach for classification of DE vs controls, with a plethora of predictors and cross-validation with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). We used both a high-performance generalized linear model and a multivariate logistic model. The area under the curve was reported to demonstrate classifier performance, and odds ratios were used to indicate risks of each predictor. We also evaluated for differences in the prevalence of conditions in DE by race/ethnicity.

Outcomes
Clinical factors (ie, diagnoses and medications) associated with DE were identified.

Results
In total, 11 602 men with DE were matched to a cohort of men with PD and ED. We focused on the 20 factors with the strongest association with DE across all models. The factors demonstrating positive associations with DE compared to other disorders of male sexual dysfunction (ie, ED and PD) included male infertility, testicular dysfunction, anxiety, disorders of lipid metabolism, alpha adrenergic blocker use, anemia, antidepressant use, and psychoses such as schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. In addition, the prevalence of several conditions varied by race/ethnicity. For example, male infertility was present in 5% of Asian men compared to &lt;2% of men of other races.

Clinical Implications
Several medical conditions and pharmacologic treatments are associated with DE, findings that may provide insight into the etiology of DE and offer treatment options.

Strengths and Limitations
This study is to our knowledge the first to use using data mining techniques to investigate the association between medical conditions/pharmacologic agents and the development of subsequent DE. The generalizability of our findings is limited given that all men were commercially insured.

Conclusion
DE is associated with multiple medical conditions, a finding that may help identify the etiology for this disorder.
European Society of Sexual Medicine consensus statement on the use of animal models for studying Peyronie’s disease
Authors: Castiglione Fabio , Çakır Onur Ö , Schifano Nicolò , Corona Giovanni , Reisman Yacov , Bettocchi Carlo , Cellek Selim , Ilg Marcus M 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionAnimal models are frequently used for translational research in Peyronie’s disease (PD). However, due to lack of availability of guidelines, there is some heterogeneity in study design, data reporting, and outcome measures.AimThis European Society for Sexual Medicine consensus statement aims to provide guidance in utilization of animal models in PD research in a standardized and uniform fashion.MethodsPubMed was searched for studies using animal models for PD. The following search terms were used: (“Peyronie’s disease” OR “penile fibrosis” OR “penile curvature” OR “induration penis plastica” OR “erectile dysfunction”) AND (“rodent” OR “mouse” OR “mice” OR “rat” OR “rabbit”).OutcomesThis European Society for Sexual Medicine statement describes best practice guidelines for utilization of animals in PD research: power calculation, details of available models, surgical procedures, and measurement techniques, while highlighting possible pitfalls and translational limitations of the models.ResultsIn total, 2490 studies were retrieved and 2446 articles were excluded. A total of 44 studies were included, of which 40 studies used rats, 1 study used both rats and mice, 1 study used a genetic mouse model, and 2 studies used rabbits. A significant number of the studies (70.5%) used transforming growth factor β 1 for induction of fibrosis. Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence criteria could not be applied due to the nature of the studies.ConclusionDespite certain limitations of PD animal models presented, we aimed to provide guidance for their appropriate use in translational research, with the purpose of improving study quality and reproducibility as well as facilitating interpretation of reported results and conclusions.
Beta spectral power during sleep is associated with impaired recall of extinguished fear
Authors: Denis Dan , Bottary Ryan , Cunningham Tony J , Drummond Sean P A , Straus Laura D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The failure to retain memory for extinguished fear plays a major role in the maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with successful extinction recall necessary for symptom reduction. Disturbed sleep, a hallmark symptom of PTSD, impairs fear extinction recall. However, our understanding of the electrophysiological mechanisms underpinning sleep’s role in extinction retention remains underdetermined. We examined the relationship between the microarchitecture of sleep and extinction recall in healthy humans (n = 71, both male and females included) and a pilot study in individuals with PTSD (n = 12). Participants underwent a fear conditioning and extinction protocol over 2 days, with sleep recording occurring between conditioning and extinction. Twenty-four hours after extinction learning, participants underwent extinction recall. Power spectral density (PSD) was computed for pre- and post-extinction learning sleep. Increased beta-band PSD (~17–26 Hz) during pre-extinction learning sleep was associated with worse extinction recall in healthy participants (r = 0.41, p = .004). Beta PSD was highly stable across three nights of sleep (intraclass correlation coefficients &gt; 0.92). Results suggest beta-band PSD is specifically implicated in difficulties recalling extinguished fear.
Deletion of IL-1β exacerbates acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in mice
Authors: Fergany Alzahraa , Zong Cai , Ekuban Frederick Adams , Suzuki Aina , Kimura Yusuke , Ichihara Sahoko , Iwakura Yoichiro , Ichihara Gaku 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Acrylamide is a neurotoxicant in human and experimental animals. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine known as a critical component of brain reaction to any insult or neurodegenerative pathologies, though its role in electrophile-induced neurotoxicity remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-1β in acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Ten-week-old male wild-type and IL-1β knock-out mice were allocated into 3 groups each and exposed to acrylamide at 0, 12.5, 25 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage for 28 days. Compared with wild-type mice, the results showed a significant increase in landing foot spread test and a significant decrease in density of cortical noradrenergic axons in IL-1β KO mice exposed to acrylamide at 25 mg/kg body weight. Exposure to acrylamide at 25 mg/kg significantly increased cortical gene expression of Gclc, Gpx1, and Gpx4 in wild-type mice but decreased them in IL-1β KO mice. The same exposure level significantly increased total glutathione and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the cerebellum of wild-type mice but did not change total glutathione and decreased GSSG in the cerebellum of IL-1β KO mice. The basal level of malondialdehyde in the cerebellum was higher in IL-1β KO mice than in wild-type mice. The results suggest that IL-1β protects the mouse brain against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity, probably through suppression of oxidative stress by glutathione synthesis and peroxidation. This unexpected result provides new insight on the protective role of IL-1β in acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity.