bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Stearic High Oleic Sunflower Oil Extraction: Influence of Temperature, Moisture, and Dehulling on Kinetic Parameters
Authors: de Figueiredo Ana K. , Fernández María B. , Nolasco Susana M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present work, the influence of temperature, moisture content, and dehulling on the kinetic parameters of the oil extraction of high stearic high oleic (HSHO) sunflower seeds is analyzed. A modified Fick's diffusion model that considers extraction as the sum of two components (diffusion and washing) is used. The washing fraction (M0/M∞) and diffusion coefficients (Deff) are calculated taking into account the number of terms appropriate to each case. The statistical analysis shows a dependence of the washing fraction on temperature in the 40–50 °C range, while no statistical differences are detected in the 50–60 °C range. Although there are changes in the model parameters with the moisture content of the seeds (7.8%, 6.9%, and 4.8% dry basis), no specific trend is evidenced. The effective diffusion coefficient for the dehulled sample (1.48 ± 0.13 × 10−12 m2 s−1) is 60% higher than that of the unshelled sample (0.95 ± 0.05 × 10−12 m2 s−1). The extraction kinetics of tocopherols at 50 °C is also analyzed.Practical Applications: The manuscript performs an analysis of different factors that influence the extraction of oil from high stearic high oleic (HSHO) sunflower seeds, which directly affect the efficiency of the oil extraction process. The results of this study provide useful information for a joint evaluation of oil extraction yields and costs resulting from the processing of a non‐conventional sunflower hybrid, promoting, in addition, the development of healthy high value‐added oils.
VEGF sticky‐trap: the first report of a non‐systemically acting angiogenesis inhibitor
Authors: Favara David M , Harris Adrian L 
Published: May 2023

Current therapeutic anti‐angiogenic biologics used for the treatment of pathological ocular angiogenesis such as in diabetic retinopathy and wet macular degeneration often lead to detrimental side effects due to their interference with normal blood vessel physiology. In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Michael et al report on a novel angiogenesis inhibitor with unique properties that allow for local inhibition of angiogenesis without detectable systemic side effects.
Microglia‐specific knock‐out of NF‐κB/IKK2 increases the accumulation of misfolded α‐synuclein through the inhibition of p62/sequestosome‐1‐dependent autophagy in the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rocha Savannah M. , Kirkley Kelly S. , Chatterjee Debotri , Aboellail Tawfik A. , Smeyne Richard J. , Tjalkens Ronald B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder worldwide, with a greater prevalence in men than women. The etiology of PD is largely unknown, although environmental exposures and neuroinflammation are linked to protein misfolding and disease progression. Activated microglia are known to promote neuroinflammation in PD, but how environmental agents interact with specific innate immune signaling pathways in microglia to stimulate conversion to a neurotoxic phenotype is not well understood. To determine how nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling dynamics in microglia modulate neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration, we generated mice deficient in NF‐κB activation in microglia (CX3CR1‐Cre::IKK2fl/fl) and exposed them to 2.5 mg/kg/day of rotenone for 14 days, followed by a 14‐day post‐lesioning incubation period. We postulated that inhibition of NF‐κB signaling in microglia would reduce overall inflammatory injury in lesioned mice. Subsequent analysis indicated decreased expression of the NF‐κB‐regulated autophagy gene, sequestosome 1 (p62), in microglia, which is required for targeting ubiquitinated α‐synuclein (α‐syn) for lysosomal degradation. Knock‐out animals had increased accumulation of misfolded α‐syn within microglia, despite an overall reduction in neurodegeneration. Interestingly, this occurred more prominently in males. These data suggest that microglia play key biological roles in the degradation and clearance of misfolded α‐syn and this process works in concert with the innate immune response associated with neuroinflammation. Importantly, the accumulation of misfolded α‐syn protein aggregates alone did not increase neurodegeneration following exposure to rotenone but required the NF‐κB‐dependent inflammatory response in microglia.
The highly educated live longer: The role of time preference, cognitive ability, and educational plans
Authors: Norrgren Lisa Josefin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing Swedish data on a cohort born in 1953, interviewed in 1966 (age 13), and followed with register data until 2018 (age 65), this study shows that one more year of schooling predicts a 17% lower risk of early mortality. Addressing concerns of potential selection bias, the mortality inequality by educational attainment persists when extensive controls are included in the regression. Adding information on background health, gender, socioeconomic variables, as well as adolescents' early educational plans, cognitive ability, and time preferences, only result in a 2‐percentage point change in the mortality risk by years of education. Even when adolescents' applications to upper‐secondary school and years 6 and 9 grades are controlled for, completion of upper‐secondary and university education remain strong predictors of future health. Yet, the study also finds that the measure of future health matters for the stability of the results.
Excess deaths by cause and place of death in England and Wales during the first year of COVID‐19
Authors: Laliotis Ioannis , Stavropoulou Charitini , Ceely Greg , Brett Georgia , Rushton Rachel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing officially registered weekly mortality data, we estimate a counterfactual death count in the absence of the pandemic and we calculate the number of excess deaths in England and Wales during 2020 after the pandemic onset. We also break down those figures by region, age, gender, place of death, and cause of death. Our results suggest that there were 82,428 (95% Confidence interval [CI]: 78,402 to 86,415) excess deaths, and 88.9% (95% CI: 84.8%–93.5%) of them was due to COVID‐19, suggesting that non‐COVID‐19 excess mortality may have been slightly higher that what has been previously estimated. Regarding deaths not due to COVID‐19, persons older than 45 years old who died at their homes, mainly from heart diseases and cancer, were the most affected group. Across all causes of death, there was increased excess mortality from dementia and Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, Parkinson's disease and heart‐related disease, while at the same period there was a reduction in deaths from pneumonia and influenza, stroke as well as infectious diseases and accidents. Supported by regional panel event estimates, our results highlight how measures to mitigate the pandemic spread and ease the pressure on healthcare service systems may adversely affect out‐of‐hospital mortality from other causes.
A retrospective study for association between post‐transfusion hemoglobin S level and pre‐transfusion hemoglobin S level at the next scheduled transfusion
Authors: Wu Ding Wen , Jacobson Jessica , Lifshitz Mark , Li Yanhua , Lyu Chen , Friedmann Rachel , Walsh Ronald , Himchak Evan , Mohandas Kala , Karim Sadiqa , Marks Etan , Himchak Sang Hwa , Hilbert Timothy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) frequently undergo prophylactic red blood cell (RBC) exchange transfusion and simple transfusion (RCE/T) to prevent complications of disease, such as stroke. These treatment procedures are performed with a target hemoglobin S (HbS) of ≤30%, or a goal of maintaining an HbS level of <30% immediately prior to the next transfusion. However, there is a lack of evidence‐based instructions for how to perform RCE/T in a way that will result in an HbS value <30% between treatments.Principal objectiveTo determine whether targets for post‐treatment HbS (post‐HbS) or post‐treatment HCT (post‐HCT) can help to maintain an HbS <30% or <40% between treatments.Materials and methodsWe performed a retrospective study of patients with SCD treated with RCE/T at Montefiore Medical Center from June 2014 to June 2016. The analysis included patients of all ages, and data including 3 documented parameters for each RCE/T event: post‐HbS, post‐HCT, and follow‐up HbS (F/u‐HbS), which is the pre‐treatment HbS prior to the next RCE/T. Generalized linear mixed model was used for estimating the association between post‐HbS or post‐HCT levels and F/u‐HbS <30%.ResultsBased on our results, targeting post‐HbS ≤10% was associated with higher odds of having events of F/u‐HbS <30% between monthly treatments. Targeting post‐HbS ≤15% was associated with higher odds of events of F/u‐HbS < 40%. As compared to post‐HCT ≤30%, a post‐HCT >30%‐36% did not contribute to more F/u‐HbS <30% or HbS <40% events.ConclusionsFor patients with SCD undergoing regular RCE/T for stroke prevention, a post‐HbS ≤10% can be used as a goal to help maintain an HbS <30% for 1 month, and a post‐HbS ≤15% allowed patients to maintain HbS <40%.
The association of genetic polymorphisms in protocadherin 15 with sudden sensorineural hearing loss in a Chinese population
Authors: Lan Ying , Hou Tao , Peng Lu , Li Yongpeng , Yin Shihua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a multifactorial disease, and its etiology is still unknown. SSNHL may be caused by environmental factors and genetic changes. PCDH15 is associated with susceptibility to hearing loss. The relationship between PCDH15 and SSNHL remains unknown.MethodsIn this study, the potential association between PCDH15 polymorphism and SSNHL in Chinese population was evaluated. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms PCDH15‐rs7095441 and rs11004085 in 195 SSNHL patients and 182 healthy controls were determined by TaqMan technology.ResultsIn Chinese population, the TT genotype and T allele of rs7095441 are associated with increased susceptibility to SSNHL. The relationships between rs7095441 and the degree of hearing loss were analyzed, and TT genotype increased the risk of hearing loss. Among SSNHL patients, patients with TT genotype of rs7095441 have an increased risk of vertigo.ConclusionThis study found that the TT genotype of SNP rs7095441 can increase the risk of SSNHL in Chinese population.
Evolutionary traces of miniaturization in a giant—Comparative anatomy of brain and brain nerves inBathochordaeus stygius(Tunicata, Appendicularia)
Authors: Zemann Berit , Le Mai‐Lee Van , Sherlock Rob E. , Baum Daniel , Katija Kakani , Stach Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAppendicularia comprises 70 marine, invertebrate, chordate species. Appendicularians play important ecological and evolutionary roles, yet their morphological disparity remains understudied. Most appendicularians are small, develop rapidly, and with a stereotyped cell lineage, leading to the hypothesis that Appendicularia derived progenetically from an ascidian‐like ancestor. Here, we describe the detailed anatomy of the central nervous system ofBathochordaeus stygius, a giant appendicularian from the mesopelagic. We show that the brain consists of a forebrain with on average smaller and more uniform cells and a hindbrain, in which cell shapes and sizes vary to a greater extent. Cell count for the brain was 102. We demonstrate the presence of three paired brain nerves. Brain nerve 1 traces into the epidermis of the upper lip region and consists of several fibers with some supportive bulb cells in its course. Brain nerve 2 innervates oral sensory organs and brain nerve 3 innervates the ciliary ring of the gill slits and lateral epidermis. Brain nerve 3 is asymmetric, with the right nerve consisting of two neurites originating posterior to the left one that contains three neurites. Similarities and differences to the anatomy of the brain of the model speciesOikopleura dioicaare discussed. We interpret the small number of cells in the brain ofB. stygiusas an evolutionary trace of miniaturization and conclude that giant appendicularians evolved from a small, progenetic ancestor that secondarily increased in size within Appendicularia.
Intra‐ and Peritumoral Based Radiomics for Assessment of Lymphovascular Invasion in Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Jiang Wenyan , Meng Ruiqing , Cheng Yuan , Wang Haotian , Han Tingting , Qu Ning , Yu Tao , Hou Yang , Xu Shu 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundRadiomics has been applied for assessing lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in patients with breast cancer. However, associations between features from peritumoral regions and the LVI status were not investigated.PurposeTo investigate the value of intra‐ and peritumoral radiomics for assessing LVI, and to develop a nomogram to assist in making treatment decisions.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThree hundred and sixteen patients were enrolled from two centers and divided into training (N = 165), internal validation (N = 83), and external validation (N = 68) cohorts.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T and 3.0 T/dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).AssessmentRadiomics features were extracted and selected based on intra‐ and peritumoral breast regions in two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences to create the multiparametric MRI combined radiomics signature (RS‐DCE plus DWI). The clinical model was built with MRI‐axillary lymph nodes (MRI ALN), MRI‐reported peritumoral edema (MPE), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). The nomogram was constructed with RS‐DCE plus DWI, MRI ALN, MPE, and ADC.Statistical TestsIntra‐ and interclass correlation coefficient analysis, Mann–Whitney U test, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used for feature selection. Receiver operating characteristic and decision curve analyses were applied to compare performance of the RS‐DCE plus DWI, clinical model, and nomogram.ResultsA total of 10 features were found to be associated with LVI, 3 from intra‐ and 7 from peritumoral areas. The nomogram showed good performance in the training (AUCs, nomogram vs. clinical model vs. RS‐DCE plus DWI, 0.884 vs. 0.695 vs. 0.870), internal validation (AUCs, nomogram vs. clinical model vs. RS‐DCE plus DWI, 0.813 vs. 0.695 vs. 0.794), and external validation (AUCs, nomogram vs. clinical model vs. RS‐DCE plus DWI, 0.862 vs. 0.601 vs. 0.849) cohorts.Data ConclusionThe constructed preoperative nomogram might effectively assess LVI.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Dispersive solid‐phase extraction of risperidone from plasma samples using graphene oxide aerogels and determination with liquid chromatography
Authors: Feyzi Faez , Soleymani Jafar , Dastmalchi Siavoush , Ranjbar Fatemeh , Jouyban Abolghasem 
Published: May 2023

A graphene oxide‐based aerogel was synthesized and applied to the extraction and the determinations with the high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detector. After the characterization of the produced graphene‐aerogel, it was utilized as a dispersive solid‐phase extraction sorbent for risperidone extraction from plasma samples. Aerogels are materials with a large surface area‐to‐mass ratio and plenty of core with functional groups which can easily attach to the analytes to extract them to the second phase. The suggested method determined risperidone in plasma samples in the wide dynamic range from 20 ng/ml to 3 μg/ml. The limits of detection and quantification of the developed method were calculated as 2.4 and 8.2 ng/ml, respectively. As a novel feature, the developed method has no need to precipitate plasma proteins, improving the analytical performance of the analysis. Also, for the first time, the produced materials were utilized for the extraction of risperidone from the plasma samples. The obtained results revealed that the developed approach could be employed as an accurate method for the quantification of risperidone in real plasma samples.
A multidimensional assessment and analysis of farmland fragmentation in the southeast coastal area of China
Authors: Zou Lilin , Liang Yifan , Hu Xuedong , Bai Mengdi , Wen Qi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFarmland fragmentation is a typical feature of arable land use in the economies dominated by smallholder production mode, and scientific evaluation of farmland fragmentation is an effective and crucial process to find and solve problems. Farmland fragmentation, as a kind of long‐standing physiographic landscape and agricultural economic phenomenon under the comprehensive effect of “human‐land‐property rights”, not only contains the scale status and spatial distribution of cultivated patches but also is featured with farming and tenure right. However, the theoretical interpretation of the multidimensional characteristics of farmland fragmentation was insufficient, and it was rare to evaluate the farmland fragmentation based on plot scale. To this end, an evaluation framework of farmland fragmentation with four dimensions and 12 indicators was constructed in this paper. Moreover, regarding Minqing County located in China's southeast coast as a case, empirical research was thus conducted. The findings indicated that the physical properties of farmland patches were depicted through scale fragmentation. Spatial fragmentation represented the spatial distribution of farmland patches. Farming fragmentation revealed agricultural production and management differences while tenure fragmentation embodied the tenure rights segmentation induced by the land distribution system. Farmland fragmentation consolidation was an effective way to solve these issues, and some differential tactics should be conducted in accordance with the path of “zoning types–obstacle factors–consolidation directions–treatment measures”.
Output response of non‐point source pollutants and its driving mechanisms of different arable land use patterns
Authors: Min Min , Li Han , Miao Changhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe irrational use of arable land has caused increased nutrient loss and aggravated non‐point source (NPS) pollution. This natural process has a significant socioeconomic origin. However, because of the inconsistency between the simulation scale of NPS pollution mechanism models and the statistical calibre of socioeconomic factors, the quantitative expression of the relationship between socioeconomic development, arable land use, and NPS pollutant output needs further exploration. We improved the mechanism model using a flow accumulation algorithm to construct a measure of the NPS pollutant output response at the administrative region scale. The mediating effect test confirmed that socioeconomic factors such as labour transfer, farmland property rights, large‐scale operations, agricultural technological progress and risk aversion were also fundamental drivers that affected the NPS pollutant output by changing the arable land use form factors. The mediating drivers included endowment, landscape morphology, management system, planting mode and production capacity. The average total phosphorus concentrations per unit area in townships with various arable land use patterns were grain and economical crop extensive operations (0.83 mg/L); grain and economical crop scale operations (0.54 mg/L); grain, oil, and cotton scale operations (0.45 mg/L); and suburban compound operations (0.44 mg/L). We found that the degree of influence and path of each fundamental and mediating driver on NPS pollutant output concentrations showed clear differences between townships with different patterns, which were the primary reasons for the significant differences in NPS pollutant output responses.
Sediment oxygen consumption in Antarctic subglacial environments
Authors: Michaud Alexander B. , Priscu John C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOxygen consumption in aquatic sediments is an indicator of overall biological activity of the ecosystem. As such, rates of sedimentary oxygen utilization are well documented for much of the open oceans and freshwater lakes. However, there are few direct measurements of sedimentary oxygen consumption from Antarctic subglacial aquatic sediments. We report the first microsensor oxygen profiles and derived sedimentary oxygen consumption rates from beneath the Ross Ice Shelf and a subglacial lake beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Rates of oxygen consumption in these two environments are relatively low, but comparable to those reported from ice‐free polar oceans and oligotrophic Arctic lakes. Our study demonstrates the presence of oxygen within Antarctic subglacial aquatic sediments and its importance for oxygen‐consuming microorganisms living in these ecosystems.
Single‐Crystal Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency of over 8% Enabled by Nonstoichiometric Composition Tuning
Authors: Zhang Huanyu , Zhang Xiujuan , Wang Chaoqiang , Yu Tingxiu , He Geng , Jia Ruofei , Pirzado Azhar Ali Ayaz , Lin Jie , Huang Jingsong , Peng Jun , Jie Jiansheng , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPerovskite single crystals (SCs) have been emerging as promising materials for electroluminescence (EL) device applications owing to their superior optoelectronic properties. However, the device performance of single‐crystal perovskite light‐emitting diodes (SC‐PeLEDs) is limited by the lack of effective defect management and energy level modulation. Here, a nonstoichiometric composition tuning (NCT) strategy for the construction of high‐performance SC‐PeLEDs is reported. The NCT strategy, finely tuning the MABr (MA+ = CH3NH3+) excess in the nonstoichiometric MAPbBr3 SCs to enhance the crystal quality, reduce the trap density, and elevate the energy level of the resultant perovskite SC, enables markedly decreased nonradiative recombination and more efficient carrier injection for the devices. In consequence, the optimized SC‐PeLEDs exhibit an ultrahigh peak luminance of 161 900 cd m−2 and a large external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 8.1%, representing the most efficient SC‐PeLED reported thus far. This strategy also shows a high universality in enhancing the EL performance of other lead bromide perovskite SC‐PeLEDs, endowing them with luminances and EQEs three times larger than those of the pristine devices. This work opens an avenue for the development of high‐performance EL devices based on perovskite SCs.
Extreme Diffraction Management in Phase‐Corrected Gradient Metasurface by Fourier Harmonic Component Engineering
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Yuan Yueyi , Liu Yi , Ding Xumin , Ratni Badreddine , Wu Qun , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Hu Guangwei , Zhang Kuang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBeam diffraction management with on‐demand efficiency over compact devices is important in various applications, such as communications, spectroscopy, wireless power transfer, and others. Recently, the in‐depth study of metasurfaces, such as phase gradient metasurfaces (PGMs) or metagratings (MGs) made of discrete elements, has promoted an ultrathin platform to manipulate diffractions. However, most studies only focus on symmetrical diffraction orders or different propagating diffraction orders with equally distributed energy. It is difficult to efficiently excite beams with arbitrary energy distribution by phase‐only metasurfaces due to the complex optimization procedure. Here, to address these challenges, Fourier harmonic component engineering is proposed to allocate the energy between multiple diffraction beams. By introducing phase‐corrected gradient (PCG) on the metasurface platform, lossless transformation from the incidence to far‐field patterns can be obtained. A variety of diffraction situations are considered (symmetric and asymmetric, with equal or arbitrary energy ratio), where the simulated and measured far‐field patterns are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions and the achieved diffraction efficiency is up to 98.3%. The proposed method paves the way for multichannel wireless communication applications and can be readily extended to other frequency regions.