bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DTPA(DOTA)-Nimotuzumab Radiolabeling with Generator-produced
Thorium for Radioimmunotherapy of EGFR-overexpressing Carcinomas
Authors: Bravo Magdiel G. , Egorova Bayirta V. , Vasiliev Aleksandr N. , Lapshina Elena V. , Ermolaev Stanislav V. , Durymanov Mikhail O. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
The feasibility of preparing the “in-house” generators and the Th-
DTPA(DOTA)-Nimotuzumab radioimmunoconjugate was evaluated. 226Th is perspective for
TAT, however, due to short half-life it is preferable to apply this radionuclide for readily available
epithelial malignancies. Nimotuzumab being specific for EGFR expressing cells as a targeting
moiety is considered to be suitable for thorium delivery.

Methods:
TEVA extraction chromatographic resin and anion exchange resin AG 1x8 were used as
sorbents for 226Th generator. In order to determine features of labeling by Th4+ we applied 234Th as a
longer-lived analog of short-lived 226Th and the immunoconjugates DTPA(DOTA)-Nimotuzumab
were used for radiolabeling.

Results:
The generator on the base of TEVA resin has shown higher volume activity of the product
compared to the AG 1x8. The 226Th volume concentration was up to 80%/mL. The radiolabeling
of BFCA by thorium radioisotopes reached 95% at the MR(Th:p-SCN-Bn-DTPA) = 1:100 and
86% for MR(Th:p-SCN-Bn-DOTA) = 1:5000 at 90°C. The procedure of Nimotuzumab labeling
with Th4+ for radiotherapy of EGFR-overexpressing carcinomas was established. The overall labeling
yield in both radioimmunoconjugates - DTPA and DOTA functionalized - was in the range
of 45-50%. The immunoconjugate Nimotuzumab-p-SCN-Bn-DTPA was obtained with a molar
ratio 1:25 (Nimotuzumab: BFCA), within 1 hour of conjugation at 25¹C and labelled via postconjugation
approach. Whereas Nimotuzumab-p-SCN-Bn-DOTA was obtained at the same conditions,
but radiolabeled by the method of pre-conjugation.

Conclusion:
Thorium-234 incorporation into both radioimmunoconjugates reached 45-50%. It has
been shown that Th-DTPA-Nimotuzumab radioimmunoconjugate specifically bound with EGFR
overexpressing epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells.
Herbal Approach for Diabetic Cure and Futuristic Dimension
Authors: Singh Jangjeet Karan , Chakraborty Snigdha , Nagpal Manju , Aggarwal Geeta 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Engulfing almost 537 million people, the most commonly occurring metabolic disorder,
diabetes mellitus, is emerging as an epidemic worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is identified as a heterogeneous
pathological condition that is marked by extreme hyperglycemic (glucose) levels
caused by reduced insulin sensitivity. Synthetic antidiabetic medications are widely commercialized
but have slowly expressed several inevitable side effects and limitations in treated diabetic
subjects. Researchers have been exploring herbal medicine due to its esteemed therapeutic effects.
WHO have enlisted almost 21,000 herbal components that have established therapeutic benefit.
Several herbs, most of them widely available, have been studied to extract their active phytoconstituents
that have effective diabetes management potential with the least risk factor for side effects
and acute toxicity. Though acceptable standardization, awareness, and clinical trials are yet
to be established before mainstreaming herbal formulation, preclinical studies have confirmed the
higher safety and efficacy of several extracted phytoconstituents and formulation in comparative
analysis with synthetic products. The authors have also discussed their opinions with regard to the
vast usability of herbal components along with the multi-target functionality of several phytoconstituents,
as well as the challenges faced for standardizing, formulating, and marketing herbal
medicines. Other than this, several cases of clinical trials showing effectivity of herbal antidiabetic
aid are mentioned. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the potential antidiabetic
herbs, marketed herbal formulations, and patented formulations that have established
therapeutic prospects to downregulate diabetic conditions.
The Potential Role of Probiotics in the Management of COVID-19
Authors: Huidrom Sangeeta , Beg Mirza Atif , Bawa Shalu , Malhotra Shruti 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an ongoing global pandemic that causes catastrophic
devastation to humankind. COVID-19 virus mainly affects the human respiratory and gastrointestinal
systems. Currently, vaccines are available globally and are a game-changer in the fight against COVID-
19. However, it has a long way to go to achieve the war against COVID-19 as it will take some more
years to completely vaccinate the people, and there are threats and concerns of COVID-19 due to the
high mutagenicity rate of the virus. The current methods of treatment involve the use of antiviral drugs
and anti-inflammatory drugs but without much success. To date, there is no established prevention or
treatment method for this novel virus. The best preventive strategy to combat this disease is to keep the
immune system strong. Evidence showed a correlation between gut dysbiosis, COVID-19, and immunomodulation.
Since time immemorial, probiotics have improved general health and immunity to
various diseases. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria when administered in the right doses conferring a
health benefit to the host. Various scientific evidence has proved the therapeutic and protective effects
of probiotics against respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. This review aims to outline the potential
role of probiotics in fighting COVID-19 by highlighting the recent evidence on the association between
dysbiosis, COVID-19, and probiotics and outlining the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics.
This review highlight the association between gut and lung in the gut-lung axis. Furthermore,
this review also provides an insight into the indirect evidence of the potential protective role of probiotics
in combating COVID-19 or its associated symptoms.
Application of D-Optimal Mixture Design in the Development of
Nanocarrier-Based Darifenacin Hydrobromide Gel
Authors: Patel Divya , Menon Maanika , Shah Pranav , Patel Meenakshi , Lalan Manisha 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Darifenacin hydrobromide, a BCS Class II drug, is poorly bioavailable due to
extensive first-pass metabolism. The present study is an attempt to investigate an alternative route of
drug delivery by developing a nanometric microemulsion-based transdermal gel for the management
of an overactive bladder.

Methods:
Oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant were selected based on the solubility of the drug, and surfactant:
cosurfactant in surfactant mixture (Smix) was selected at a 1:1 ratio as inferred from the pseudo
ternary phase diagram. The D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize the o/w microemulsion
wherein the globule size and zeta potential were selected as dependable variables. The prepared microemulsions
were also characterized for various physico-chemical properties like transmittance, conductivity,
and TEM. The optimized microemulsion was gelled using Carbopol 934 P and assessed for
drug release in vitro and ex vivo, viscosity, spreadability, pH, etc.

Results:
Drug excipient compatibility studies showed that the drug was compatible with formulation
components. The optimized microemulsion showed a globule size of less than 50 nm and a high zeta
potential of -20.56 mV. The ME gel could sustain the drug release for 8 hours as reflected in in vitro
and ex vivo skin permeation and retention studies. The accelerated stability study showed no significant
change in applied storage conditions.

Conclusion:
An effective, stable, non-invasive microemulsion gel containing darifenacin hydrobromide
was developed. The achieved merits could translate into increased bioavailability and dose reduction.
Further confirmatory in vivo studies on this novel formulation, which is a cost-effective & industrially
scalable option, can improve the pharmacoeconomics of overactive bladder management.
Health Monitoring Using Smart Home Technologies: Scoping Review
Authors: Morita Plinio P , Sahu Kirti Sundar , Oetomo Arlene 
Published: February 2023

Background
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become integrated into everyday life, with devices becoming permanent fixtures in many homes. As countries face increasing pressure on their health care systems, smart home technologies have the potential to support population health through continuous behavioral monitoring.

Objective
This scoping review aims to provide insight into this evolving field of research by surveying the current technologies and applications for in-home health monitoring.

Methods
Peer-reviewed papers from 2008 to 2021 related to smart home technologies for health care were extracted from 4 databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL); 49 papers met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed.

Results
Most of the studies were from Europe and North America. The largest proportion of the studies were proof of concept or pilot studies. Approximately 78% (38/49) of the studies used real human participants, most of whom were older females. Demographic data were often missing. Nearly 60% (29/49) of the studies reported on the health status of the participants. Results were primarily reported in engineering and technology journals. Almost 62% (30/49) of the studies used passive infrared sensors to report on motion detection where data were primarily binary. There were numerous data analysis, management, and machine learning techniques employed. The primary challenges reported by authors were differentiating between multiple participants in a single space, technology interoperability, and data security and privacy.

Conclusions
This scoping review synthesizes the current state of research on smart home technologies for health care. We were able to identify multiple trends and knowledge gaps—in particular, the lack of collaboration across disciplines. Technological development dominates over the human-centric part of the equation. During the preparation of this scoping review, we noted that the health care research papers lacked a concrete definition of a smart home, and based on the available evidence and the identified gaps, we propose a new definition for a smart home for health care. Smart home technology is growing rapidly, and interdisciplinary approaches will be needed to ensure integration into the health sector.
Trend and Co-occurrence Network of COVID-19 Symptoms From Large-Scale Social Media Data: Infoveillance Study
Authors: Wu Jiageng , Wang Lumin , Hua Yining , Li Minghui , Zhou Li , Bates David W , Yang Jie 
Published: February 2023

Background
For an emergent pandemic, such as COVID-19, the statistics of symptoms based on hospital data may be biased or delayed due to the high proportion of asymptomatic or mild-symptom infections that are not recorded in hospitals. Meanwhile, the difficulty in accessing large-scale clinical data also limits many researchers from conducting timely research.

Objective
Given the wide coverage and promptness of social media, this study aimed to present an efficient workflow to track and visualize the dynamic characteristics and co-occurrence of symptoms for the COVID-19 pandemic from large-scale and long-term social media data.

Methods
This retrospective study included 471,553,966 COVID-19–related tweets from February 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022. We curated a hierarchical symptom lexicon for social media containing 10 affected organs/systems, 257 symptoms, and 1808 synonyms. The dynamic characteristics of COVID-19 symptoms over time were analyzed from the perspectives of weekly new cases, overall distribution, and temporal prevalence of reported symptoms. The symptom evolutions between virus strains (Delta and Omicron) were investigated by comparing the symptom prevalence during their dominant periods. A co-occurrence symptom network was developed and visualized to investigate inner relationships among symptoms and affected body systems.

Results
This study identified 201 COVID-19 symptoms and grouped them into 10 affected body systems. There was a significant correlation between the weekly quantity of self-reported symptoms and new COVID-19 infections (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.8528; P<.001). We also observed a 1-week leading trend (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.8802; P<.001) between them. The frequency of symptoms showed dynamic changes as the pandemic progressed, from typical respiratory symptoms in the early stage to more musculoskeletal and nervous symptoms in the later stages. We identified the difference in symptoms between the Delta and Omicron periods. There were fewer severe symptoms (coma and dyspnea), more flu-like symptoms (throat pain and nasal congestion), and fewer typical COVID symptoms (anosmia and taste altered) in the Omicron period than in the Delta period (all P<.001). Network analysis revealed co-occurrences among symptoms and systems corresponding to specific disease progressions, including palpitations (cardiovascular) and dyspnea (respiratory), and alopecia (musculoskeletal) and impotence (reproductive).

Conclusions
This study identified more and milder COVID-19 symptoms than clinical research and characterized the dynamic symptom evolution based on 400 million tweets over 27 months. The symptom network revealed potential comorbidity risk and prognostic disease progression. These findings demonstrate that the cooperation of social media and a well-designed workflow can depict a holistic picture of pandemic symptoms to complement clinical studies.
Pemantauan status gizi balita di Kota Yogyakarta: metode pelaksanaan, tantangan, dan persepsi ibu balita tentang posyandu selama pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Widyaningrum Rachmawati , Parisudha Annisa , Setiawan Yuni Wahyuningsih , Jawardi Nurfaizah , Faras Nur Hurriah Nabila 
Published: February 2023

Background: COVID-19 pandemic brings a higher risk of malnutrition because of the economic crisis that emphasizes the importance of child nutritional status monitoring during the pandemic. However, nutrition-related care in health care faces several challenges to the social limitation policy for preventing virus spreading. Challenges include delivery, coordination, and follow-up methods. In addition, the mothers' perception concerning the importance of nutritional status monitoring also becomes the determinant of their participation.Objectives: This research aimed to explore the implementation method, challenges, and mothers' perception of the children's nutritional status monitoring process during a pandemic through “posyandu” by applying health protocols.Methods: This research is a descriptive qualitative study in which the data were collected using in-depth interviews. The respondents in this study were mothers of a child aged 0-5 years who lived in Yogyakarta and participated actively in Posyandu. Data triangulation was applied by interviewing the cadres of posyandu and nutritionists in Health Care or Office in Yogyakarta. Results: The posyandu delivered the measurements by adjusting the method with an invitation divided into several measurement sessions or a door-to-door system to minimize crowd. The obstacles faced were the need to procure medical devices and ensure the validity of the data obtained. Conclusions: Child nutritional status monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted by applying COVID-19 safety protocols according to the recommendations of the Indonesian Ministry of Health. There should be sufficient support from stakeholders to help posyandu overcome the obstacles: the procurement of medical equipment to meet the health protocol requirements. In addition, there is a need to improve parents' skills in measuring child anthropometric measurements through education and guidelines.
OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF QUERCETIN VITAMIN C NANO-PHYTOSOME FORMULATION
Authors: NANDAYASA WIRA WAHYUDI , FEBRIYENTI  , LUCIDA HENNY 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To design an optimal formulation for quercetin and vitamin C nano-phytosome.
Methods: Nano-phytosomes are prepared by the thin layer hydration technique using a 2-level-5-factor design experimental. A total of 32 experimental formulas were used for data analysis. The ratio of quercetin: soy lecithin (X1), the ratio of quercetin: cholesterol (X2), stirring speed (X3), stirring temperature (X4), and stirring time (X5) were used as independent factors, while globule size as a dependent factor. Data analysis was carried out by Design Expert12® application. Characterization of the optimal formula included physicochemical evaluation, globule size analysis, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis, and FTIR analysis.
Results: The optimal formula consisted of quercetin: vitamin C: lecithin: cholesterol ratio of 1: 1: 1.046: 0.105 mol; stirring speed 763.986 rpm; stirring time of 59 min, at temperature 51.73 °C which produced 59.26 nm average globule size, PDI value 0.66; zeta potential value-35.93±0.95 mV and average SPAN value 0.61. This formulation showed entrapment efficiency of quercetin 91.69±0.18 % and vitamin C 90.82±0.13 %. The TEM and FITR analysis showed the morphological of the globules and interactions between the drugs, soy lecithin, and cholesterol to form nano-phytosomes.
Conclusion: The conditions to obtain the optimal formula for quercetin vitamin C nano-phytosome consisted of quercetin: vitamin C: lecithin: cholesterol ratio of 1: 1: 1.046: 0.105 mol; stirring speed 763.986 rpm; stirring time of 59 min, and at temperature 51.73 °C
Franco-Algerian memory and questions of gender in Ahmed Kalouaz’s Point Kilométrique 190 (1986)
Authors: Ivey Beatrice 
Published: February 2023

This article suggests that gender and cultural memory are both performative acts and that memories of the colonial re-enact certain gender codes associated with the act of colonisation. Colonialism can be understood in terms of a gendered hierarchy: that the colonisers were imagined as virile and male, violating the virgin, ‘feminine’ territory of the colonised land. In this way, colonised peoples were gendered as feminine in order justify European rhetoric of racial superiority. However, the narratives of anti-colonial writers and thinkers who condemn colonialism, such as Frantz Fanon, are ‘haunted’ by gendered tropes of the colonialism – that colonisation is a rape, and that the colonised people are feminised victims. This article uses Ahmed Kalouaz’s 1986 novel Point Kilométrique 190 as an example of trans-national memory which successfully transcends these gendered stereotypes. The short novel functions as a mnemonic device (a commemoration to Habib Grimzi, a victim of anti- Algerian violence) which makes connections between racist violence in France during the 1980s with the history of the Algerian war. However, simultaneously, the narrative avoids gendered stereotypes associated with French and Algerian men and women. Using a French woman to posthumously voice a murdered Algerian man, Kalouaz creates a pluralistic narrative which shatters Algerian/French, Feminine/Masculine binaries and allows for the transfer of traumatic memory across boundaries assigned to gender identities, as well as national groups.
Homer takes the Streetcar – The Modernist Appropriation of the Epic and Alfred Döblin's Berlin Alexanderplatz
Authors: Sieg Christian 
Published: February 2023

In this article, I will show how Alfred Döblin is, on the one hand, captivated by the extensiveness of the traditional epic - a quality which Hegel in his Lectures on Fine Arts highlights and which is often terminologically expressed as 'epic breadth' - whilst on the other hand, Döblin is fascinated by the oral character of the antique genre. I will also explore how both these qualities are fundamentally altered in Döblin's modernist appropriation of the epic. Since the heroic deeds, which the antique epic extensively addresses, are at odds with modern sensibilities, Döblin transforms the epic into a modernist encyclopaedia of ordinary practices.
Politics of Play: Situationism, Détournement, and Anti-Art
Authors: Ko Christie 
Published: February 2023

In addition to contributing crucially to the philosophy that fuelled the student revolts of France in 1968, the Situationist International (SI) sought to undermine the use of spectacle as a commercialised tool of capitalism. Blending their interpretations of Marxism with that of the historical avant-garde, the situationists went to war with the institutions of art and academia. In 1956, Guy Debord proclaimed that “every reasonably aware person of our time is aware of the obvious fact that art can no longer be justified as a superior activity” (Debord, A User’s Guide to Détournement 1). What was their method of attack on this world of bastardized, commercialized spectacle? Quite simply, it was play. Although subversion through theatre and play is hardly a novel idea, the situationists employed play in ways that had never been taken to such extremes. They propagated play without spectacle, or even play as anti-spectacle and anti-art. The term itself, ‘situationism’ refers to the anti-art they created; or, in other words, the un-commodified, anti-spectacular human situations, through which, as Sartre claimed, one could gain freedom (Plant 20). Through these situations, the SI was determined to subvert the institutional uses of language and art using what they termed détournement, or “the use of old material for new ends,” (Puchner 224). What this amounts to is play in a unique form: play is used to undermine the very institution of language, and therefore both social order and authoritative control. As a result, the SI’s influences extended beyond their specific time and place by instigating a re-evaluation of the very relationship between art and politics; a re-evaluation still in process today.
The Mad Man in the Attic: Playing with Gendered Literary Identity as Object and Muse in Iris Murdoch's The Good Apprentice and The Message to the Planet.
Authors: Miller Emma 
Published: February 2023

Within The Good Apprentice and The Message to the Planet, Iris Murdoch appears to be consciously manipulating both Harold Bloom’s Anxiety of Influence, and Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s feminist response to Bloom, The Madwoman in the Attic, in order to challenge both her readership’s presuppositions on madness in general, and more specifically how the depiction of madness in literature can be seen to relate to sexuality, religion and gender. Bloom writes that modern authors (specifically male authors) are concerned about their ability to resist the influences of their literary forefathers in order to achieve an original work of their own, with no mention of how a female author might be challenged to create in response to such a male dominated literary past. Bloom relates his theory to Freud’s Oedipus complex and the male child’s desire to overthrow his father in order to establish his own supremacy. The Madwoman in the Attic looks at Bloom’s argument from a female viewpoint, with readings of a number of female authors in the nineteenth century examining how it was impossible for them to follow Bloom’s theory and identify with the authors who have superseded them in order to respond with their own creations.
Jean-Luc Godard and Roy Lichtenstein: Originality, Reflexivity, and the Re-Presented Image
Authors: Yacavone Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Jean-Luc Godard's incorporation of paintings, comic strip images, and print advertisements in two of his seminal 1960's 'collage' films, Pierrot le fou (1965) and 2 ou 3 choses que je sais d'elle (Two or Three Things I Know About Her, 1967), prompts a number of intriguing questions concerning the re-presentation and re-contextualization of pre-existing (in this case, mechanically reproduced) images in film and the plastic arts.