bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controls on diversity of core and indicative microbial subcommunities in Tibetan Plateau grassland soils
Authors: Tang Yazhou , Fan Dandan , Guo Wei , Kong Weidong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Core subcommunity represents the less diversity but high abundance, while indicative subcommunity is highly diverse but low abundance in soils. The core subcommunity fundamentally maintains ecosystem stability, while the indicative plays important roles in vital ecosystem functions and is more sensitive to environmental change. However, their environmental driving factors and responses to human disturbances remain less defined. Herein, we explored the patterns of core and indicative soil microbes and their responses to animal grazing in dry grasslands across the Tibetan Plateau, using the Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The results revealed that the core subcommunity diversity and richness were lower than the indicative in soils. The indicative subcommunity diversity exhibited substantially stronger correlations with nutrient-associated factors than the core diversity, including soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and plant biomass. The core and indicative microbial subcommunities both strongly varied with grassland ecosystems, while the latter was also significantly influenced by grazing. The variation partitioning analysis revealed that indicative microbial subcommunity was explained less by environmental factors than core subcommunity (34.5% vs 73.0%), but more influenced by grazing (2.6% vs 0.1%). Our findings demonstrated that the indicative microbes were particularly sensitive to soil nutrient-associated factors and human disturbances in alpine dry grasslands.
Social and Leisure Activities Predict Transitions in Cognitive Functioning in Older Mexican Adults: A Latent Transition Analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study
Authors: Robertson Michael C , Downer Brian , Schulz Paul E , Samper-Ternent Rafael , Lyons Elizabeth J , Milani Sadaf Arefi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Mexico has a rapidly aging population at risk for cognitive impairment. Social and leisure activities may protect against cognitive decline in older adults. The benefits of these behaviors may vary by patterns of cognitive impairment. The objectives of this study were to identify latent states of cognitive functioning, model the incidence of transitions between these states, and investigate how social and leisure activities were associated with state transitions over a 6-year period in Mexican adults aged 60 and older.

Methods
We performed latent transition analyses to identify distinct cognitive statuses in the 2012 and 2018 waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (N = 9,091). We examined the transition probabilities between these states and their associations with social and leisure activities.

Results
We identified 4 cognitive statuses at baseline: normal cognition (43%), temporal disorientation (30%), perceptual-motor function impairment (7%), and learning and memory impairment (20%). Various social and leisure activities were associated with reduced odds of death and disadvantageous cognitive transitions, as well as increased odds of beneficial transitions.

Discussion
Mapping the effects of popular social and leisure activities onto common patterns in cognitive functioning may inform the development of more enjoyable and effective health-protective behavioral interventions.
Bedside Intestinal Ultrasound Predicts Disease Severity and the Disease Distribution of Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chavannes Mallory , Hart Lara , Hayati Rezvan Panteha , Dillman Jonathan R , Polk D Brent 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is a noninvasive tool to assess bowel inflammation. There is a paucity of data on its accuracy in pediatric patients.

Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of bowel wall thickness (BWT) measured using IUS compared with endoscopic disease activity in children suspected of having inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods
We conducted a single-center cross-sectional pilot study of pediatric patients suspected to have previously undiagnosed IBD. Endoscopic inflammation was graded using segmental scores of the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) and the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) and classified as having healthy, mild, or moderate/severe disease activity. Association between BWT and endoscopic severity was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The diagnostic performance of BWT to detect active disease at endoscopy was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; sensitivity and specificity were calculated.

Results
In all, 174 bowel segments in 33 children were assessed by IUS and ileocolonoscopy. An elevated median BWT was associated with increased bowel segment disease severity, classified by the SES-CD (P &lt; .001) and the UCEIS (P &lt; .01). Using a cutoff value of 1.9 mm, we found that the BWT had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.743 (95% CI, 0.67-0.82), a sensitivity of 64% (95% CI, 53%-73%), and a specificity of 76% (95% CI, 65%-85%) to detect inflamed bowel.

Conclusion
Increasing BWT is associated with increasing endoscopic activity in pediatric IBD. Our study suggests that the optimal BWT cutoff value for detecting active disease may be less than that seen in adults. Additional pediatric studies are needed.
Effects of Development on Bone Mineral Density and Mechanical Properties in the Aquatic Frog, Xenopus Laevis, and a Terrestrial Frog, Lithobates Catesbianus
Authors: Kinsey Chase T , Ratz Caleb , Adams Danielle , Webber-Shultz Amani , Blob Richard 
Published: May 2023

Synopsis
The limb bones of vertebrates have a critical role in supporting the weight of the body and transmitting forces that power locomotion. The loads that limb bones experience can vary in association with a range of factors, including locomotor environment or developmental stage. Limbed vertebrates that are habitually found in environments with low locomotor loads (e.g., water) might be predicted to also exhibit limb bones with less elevated mechanical properties, such as yield stiffness and yield stress. Frogs provide a distinctive case, in which these ideas can be tested as they experience changes in both locomotor style and habitat as they develop. However, while many frog taxa shift from aquatic to terrestrial habitats as they metamorphose, some lineages, such as pipids, maintain an aquatic lifestyle even after metamorphosis, providing a comparative framework for the effects of habitat shifts on developing limbs in vertebrates. This study compares the material composition and mechanical properties of the femur between frog species that are aquatic specialists (Xenopus laevis) vs generalists that spend considerable time both on land and in water (Lithobates catesbeianus) as they transition from metamorphic tadpoles to fully grown adults. MicroCT scanning was used to determine changes in bone density related to developmental stage and hindlimb use during swimming. Microindentation was then used to collect hardness values from the cortical bone of each femur, which was used to evaluate bone material properties. We found that aquatic frogs had less overall bone mineral density (BMD) than terrestrial frogs and that BMD was more elevated in the cortical region of the diaphysis than trabeculae and distal and proximal epiphyses. Despite its less elevated BMD, bone mechanical properties were not significantly different in aquatic specialist X. laevis than in more terrestrial L. catesbeianus. Our results suggest that the limb bones of aquatic frogs may experience compensatory effects through development to offset their lower BMD. Furthermore, changes in bone density and material properties across development may help to explain some of the differences in locomotor performance found between aquatic and terrestrial metamorphic frogs, providing insight into how environmental factors might correlate with bone ossification.
Nature-based and bioinspired solutions for coastal protection: an overview among key ecosystems and a promising pathway for new functional and sustainable designs
Authors: Perricone V , Mutalipassi M , Mele A , Buono M , Vicinanza D , Contestabile P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Coastal erosion is occurring at a faster rate than in the past. The adverse impacts are not negligible at environmental, economic, and socio-cultural levels. Hence, coastal protection is currently seen as an emerging need to counteract erosion impacts and their many negative effects on worldwide ecosystems. In this regard, natural systems and their organisms represent a complex system of solutions that can efficiently create and/or inspire the development of natural, sustainable, and cutting-edge coastal barriers. Coastal ecosystems, such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, mangroves, saltmarshes, seagrasses, and polychaete reefs, act as a natural barrier for destructive waves and wind forces. Moreover, living organisms have evolved unique strategies to withstand their environmental hydrodynamic loadings. This review intends to provide an overview regarding natural systems and related nature-based and bioinspired strategies in the specific field of coastal protection, describing the state of the art, methods, processes, and tools, as well as delineating a promising pathway for new functional and sustainable designs.
Ship-to-shore training for active deep-sea capacity development
Authors: Barnhill Kelsey Archer , Vinha Beatriz , Smith Alycia J , de Jonge Daniëlle S W , Gaurisas Daniela Y , Segura Roger Mocholí , Madureira Pedro , Albuquerque Mónica , Huvenne Veerle A I , Orejas Covadonga , Gunn Vikki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Sailing on scientific expeditions as an early career researcher (ECR) offers the beneficial opportunity to gain field experience and training. However, the number of available berths to achieve the scientific goals of an expedition limits the number of onboard participants. Telepresence and remote learning can be utilized to increase the number of active participants, broadening the reach of capacity development. The 2021 iMirabilis2 expedition on board the Spanish Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa used telepresence to virtually involve ECRs from several countries in deep-sea science. One year post-expedition, a survey of onshore participants was conducted to assess and quantify the effectiveness of the peer-to-peer ECR ship-to-shore scheme. During the expedition, live, interactive training via WhatsApp and Zoom was utilized by onshore ECRs more than traditional static, unidirectional methods of blog posts and pre-recorded videos. All respondents either agreed or strongly agreed that the scheme provided an inclusive and accessible platform to share deep-sea science. These results suggest similar schemes could be used to supplement shorter-duration at-sea-training, used prior to a seagoing experience to better prepare ECRs, or to allow members of the science community unable to join an expedition in person to actively participate remotely, increasing inclusivity.
Beyond State and Hegemony: International Orders as Anarchic Meta-Fields
Authors: Oskanian Kevork 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper extends a Bourdieusian practice-based approach to a novel understanding of international orders as “Anarchic Meta-Fields” (AMFs). It first explores the metatheoretical advantages inherent in Field Theory's expansion toward questions of order, considering the position of Bourdieu at the intersection of Weberian, Durkheimian, and Marxist social theory. It then increases the analytical breadth of preceding “imperial” and “hegemonic” applications of Bourdieu's framework through two disaggregations—of order and realist notions of hegemony, and realist and neo-Gramscian forms of the same. In a first, Hobbesian turn, the international social space is subsequently conceptualized as an “AMF” created by outward rather than inward projections of power and practice by state nobilities; variations within this global AMF are identified as “subfields”. The openness of Bourdieu's framework is then argued to allow for the widest range of international orders based on specific configurations of multidimensionally defined capital, and varying forms of doxic practice. The framework is illustrated through an application to the Cold War order as a composite social space, consisting of the global AMF itself, and four distinct, yet heteronomous subfields. The paper concludes with a proposed conceptual and empirical research agenda.
The use of aminopenicillins in animals within the EU, emergence of resistance in bacteria of animal and human origin and its possible impact on animal and human health
Authors: van Duijkeren Engeline , Rantala Merja , Bouchard Damien , Busani Luca , Catry Boudewijn , Kaspar Heike , Pomba Constança , Moreno Miguel A , Nilsson Oskar , Ružauskas Modestas , Sanders Pascal , Teale Christopher , Wester Astrid L , Ignate Kristine , Jukes Helen , Kunsagi Zoltan , Schwarz Christine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aminopenicillins have been widely used for decades for the treatment of various infections in animals and humans in European countries. Following this extensive use, acquired resistance has emerged among human and animal pathogens and commensal bacteria. Aminopenicillins are important first-line treatment options in both humans and animals, but are also among limited therapies for infections with enterococci and Listeria spp. in humans in some settings. Therefore, there is a need to assess the impact of the use of these antimicrobials in animals on public and animal health.
The most important mechanisms of resistance to aminopenicillins are the β-lactamase enzymes. Similar resistance genes have been detected in bacteria of human and animal origin, and molecular studies suggest that transmission of resistant bacteria or resistance genes occurs between animals and humans. Due to the complexity of epidemiology and the near ubiquity of many aminopenicillin resistance determinants, the direction of transfer is difficult to ascertain, except for major zoonotic pathogens. It is therefore challenging to estimate to what extent the use of aminopenicillins in animals could create negative health consequences to humans at the population level. Based on the extent of use of aminopenicillins in humans, it seems probable that the major resistance selection pressure in human pathogens in European countries is due to human consumption. It is evident that veterinary use of these antimicrobials increases the selection pressure towards resistance in animals and loss of efficacy will at minimum jeopardize animal health and welfare.
Efficacy of oleylphosphocholine in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Van Bocxlaer Katrien , Dixon Jodie , Platteeuw Johannes J , Van Den Heuvel Dennie , Mcarthur Kerri-Nicola , Harris Andy , Alavijeh Mo , Croft Simon L , Yardley Vanessa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease causing a range of skin lesions for which safe and efficacious drugs are lacking. Oleylphosphocholine (OLPC) is structurally similar to miltefosine and has previously demonstrated potent activity against visceral leishmaniasis. We here present the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of OLPC against CL-causing Leishmania species.

Methods
The antileishmanial activities of OLPC were evaluated and compared with miltefosine in vitro against intracellular amastigotes of seven CL-causing species. Following the confirmation of significant in vitro activity, the performance of the maximum tolerated dose of OLPC was evaluated in an experimental murine model of CL followed by a dose–response titration and the efficacy evaluation of four OLPC formulations (two with a fast-release and two with a slow-release profile) using bioluminescent Leishmania major parasites.

Results
OLPC demonstrated potent in vitro activity of the same order as miltefosine in the intracellular macrophage model against a range of CL-causing species. A dose of 35 mg of OLPC/kg/day administered orally for 10 days was well-tolerated and able to reduce the parasite load in the skin of L. major-infected mice to a similar extent as the positive control paromomycin (50 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) in both in vivo studies. Reducing the dose of OLPC resulted in inactivity and modifying the release profile using mesoporous silica nanoparticles led to a decrease in activity when solvent-based loading was used in contrast to extrusion-based loading, which had no impact on its antileishmanial efficacy.

Conclusions
Together, these data suggest that OLPC could be a promising alternative to miltefosine treatment for CL. Further investigations exploring experimental models with additional Leishmania species and skin pharmacokinetic and dynamic analyses are required.
Use of overlapping DNA pools to discern genetic differences despite pooling error
Authors: Keele John W , McDaneld Tara G , Kuehn Larry A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Genotyping pools of commercial cattle and individual seedstock animals may reveal hidden relationships between sectors enabling use of commercial data for genetic evaluation. However, commercial data capture may be compromised by inexact pool formation. We aimed to estimate the concordance between distances or genomic covariance among pooling allele frequencies (PAFs) of DNA pools comprised of 100 animals with 0% or 50% overlap of animals in common between pools. Cattle lung samples were collected from a commercial beef processing plant on a single day. Six pools of 100 animals each were constructed so that overlap between pools was 0% or 50%. Two pools of all 200 animals were constructed to estimate PAFs for all 200 animals. Frozen lung tissue (0.01 g) from each animal was weighed into a tube containing a pool; there were two pools of 200 animals each and six pools of 100 animals each. Every contribution of an individual animal was an independent measurement to insure independence of pooling errors. Lung samples were kept on dried ice during the pooling process to keep them from thawing. The eight pools were then assayed for approximately 100,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). PAF for each SNP and pool was based on the relative intensity of the two dyes used to detect the alleles rather than genotype calls which are not tractable from pooling data. Euclidean distances and genomic relationships among the PAFs for the eight pools were estimated and distances were tested for concordance with pool overlap using permutation-based analysis of distance. Distances among pools were concordant with the planned overlap of animals shared between pools (P = 0.0024); pool overlap accounted for 70% of the variation and pooling error accounted for 30%. Pools containing 100 animals with no overlap were the most distant from one another and pools with 50% overlap were the least distant. This work shows that we can discern differences in distance between pairs of overlapping DNA pools sharing 0% and 50% of the animals. Genomic correlations among nonoverlapping pools indicated that nonoverlapping pool pairs did not share many related animals because genomic correlations were near zero for these pairs. On the other hand, one pair of nonoverlapping pools likely contained related animals between pools because the correlation was 0.21. Pools sharing 50% overlap ranged in genomic relationship between 0.21 and 0.39 (N = 12).
“Sensing” productivity at home: self-tracking technologies, gender, and labor in Turkey
Authors: Özkan Nazlı 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article explores how women in Turkey use sensing technologies to render visible their productivity at home in ways that contest home–workplace boundary under neoliberal, digital capitalism. It does so by focusing on a group of lower- and middle-class women, who work from home as both paid laborers and unpaid caregivers. Although neoliberalism makes it harder to distinguish home and workplace, my digital ethnography highlights that women working from home feel a home–workplace separation that renders invisible their productivity. By translating embodied knowledge into quantified data, smartwatches provide women with new information that I call revelations. Women share these revelations on digital platforms to render visible their productivity at home in ways that transgress the home–workplace boundary. By exploring these revelations as moments of “otherwise,” this article highlights both when smartwatches reproduce neoliberal mentality and become tools for others in the public to register its exploitative consequences.
Potential of the oothecal parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as a biological control agent for the Turkestan cockroach (Blattodea: Blattidae)
Authors: Smith Chelsea M , Chicas-Mosier Ana M , Fadamiro Henry Y , Appel Arthur G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker), is a peridomestic pest of growing concern in the US Southwest. The parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzburg) is used in IPM programs targeting other blattid cockroach species and may aid in B. lateralis suppression. Information about the ability of A. hagenowii to parasitize B. lateralis is lacking. A no-choice host-switching experiment was used to test A. hagenowii acceptance of B. lateralis oothecae, and a multigenerational no-choice experiment was used to determine the suitability of B. lateralis as a host for A. hagenowii over several months of rearing. Periplaneta americana (L.) (Blattodea: Blattidae), the preferred host of A. hagenowii, and Blatta orientalis L., a known host and relative of B. lateralis, were used for comparison. Development time was similar among hosts and generations (P &gt; 0.05). Parasitism success and proportion of female progeny declined significantly with subsequent generations on both Blatta spp. (parasitism success: χ2 = 14.916; df = 2; P = 0.001; proportion female: H = 6.364; df = 2; P = 0.041). These results suggest that A. hagenowii may initially aid in suppression of B. lateralis, but an overall decline in fitness will require repeated releases or provisioning of P. americana oothecae. Development of a strain more suitable for B. lateralis control may be possible via selection from laboratory strains or through use of wild A. hagenowii from areas where B. lateralis is present.
Loose Attitudes: Politics of Self-Knowledge in Our Bodies, Ourselves and The House of God
Authors: Adams Kim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Readers of Samuel Shem’s medical satire The House of God (1978) have long worried about the bad attitude of his main characters: young male internal medicine trainees. This article examines the interns’ atrocious affections, using the feminist classic Our Bodies, Ourselves (1973) as a counterweight to the masculinist perspective of House of God. These radically different critiques of United States medicine derive from a shared sociopolitical context and represent a historically specific response to the personal politics of sexual liberation and self-actualization in the 1970s. I show that Shem and the Boston Women’s Health Book Collective share a rhetorical strategy of “loose expertise” grounded in embodied knowledge, which connects both texts to the radical social movements of the late 1960s. Loose expertise enables institutional critique by shifting the domain of knowledge away from traditional structures of authority, but inhibits intersectional critique by essentializing the individual subject position of the author. The article concludes by examining the relationship of both texts to the medical humanities.