bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of thickness, translucency, and substrates on the masking ability of a polymer‐infiltrated ceramic‐network material
Authors: Saláta József , Szabó Ferenc , Csuti Péter , Antal Melinda , Márton Péter , Hermann Péter , Borbély Judit , Ábrám Emese 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the masking ability of polymer‐infiltrated ceramic‐network materials (PICN) with different translucencies and thicknesses on multiple types of substrates.Materials and MethodsCeramic samples were prepared of VITA ENAMIC blocks in two different translucencies (2M2‐T, 2M2‐HT) in a thickness range of 0.5–2.5 mm (±0.05 mm). Layered specimens were obtained using composite substrates in nine shades and transparent try‐in paste. Spectral reflectance of specimens was measured using a Konica Minolta CM‐3720d spectrophotometer and D65 standard illumination. CIEDE2000 color difference (ΔE00) between two samples was evaluated using 50%:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. Specular component of the reflection was examined with Specular Component Excluded (SCE) and Included (SCI) settings. Statistical evaluation was performed by linear regression analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test, and multiplicative effect analysis.ResultsAn increase in thickness of 0.5 mm reduces ΔE00 of HT samples to 73.5%, of T samples to 60.5% (p < 0.0001). Five substrates with HT specimens, and three substrates with T specimens had significantly different results from average (p < 0.05). There is a significant difference between SCE and SCI data depending on the wavelength (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsMasking ability of PICN materials is influenced by the thickness and translucency of the ceramic, and by the substrate. Reflection of the examined PICN material is characterized by both diffuse and specular reflection.Clinical SignificanceAlthough PICN materials have been available on the market for 10 years now, there is a lack of information regarding their masking ability. Acquiring in‐depth data and thereby practical experience of the factors affecting the esthetics of PICN materials is essential for creating perfectly lifelike restorations.
The asymmetry in the sagitta of four mugilid species obtained from Köyceğiz Lagoon, Aegean Sea, Turkey
Authors: Reis İsmail , Ateş Celal , Jawad Laith 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOtolith features such as size and weight were analysed in 656 fish specimens of Chelon auratus, Chelon labrosus, Chelon saliens and Mugil cephalus collected from the Köyceğiz Lagoon System, Aegean Sea, southwest Turkey. The aim was to calculate the asymmetry value of the otolith length (OL), otolith width (OW) and otolith weight (OWe). The asymmetry value of OL was greater than that of OW and OWe. The asymmetry value of the three otolith parameters increased with an increase in the fish's length. The probable cause of asymmetry in the otolith parameters investigated has been determined relative to the variability in growth prompted by ecological impact linked with the disparity in water temperature, salinity, depth and contaminants existing in the Köyceğiz Lagoon System.
Retail Financial Innovation and Stock Market Dynamics: The Case of Target Date Funds
Authors: PARKER JONATHAN A. , SCHOAR ANTOINETTE , SUN YANG 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTTarget date funds (TDFs) are designed to provide unsophisticated or inattentive investors with age‐appropriate exposures to different asset classes like stocks and bonds. The rise of TDFs has moved a significant share of retirement investors into macrocontrarian strategies that sell stocks after relatively good stock market performance. This rebalancing drives contrarian flows across equity mutual funds held by TDFs, stabilizing their funding, and reduces stock returns for stocks disproportionately held by these funds when stock market returns are relatively high. Continued growth in TDFs and similar investment products may dampen stock market volatility and increase the transmission of shocks across asset classes.
Improving risk classification and ratemaking using mixture‐of‐experts models with random effects
Authors: Tseung Spark C. , Chan Ian Weng , Fung Tsz Chai , Badescu Andrei L. , Lin X. Sheldon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the underwriting and pricing of nonlife insurance products, it is essential for the insurer to utilize both policyholder information and claim history to ensure profitability and proper risk management. In this paper, we apply a flexible regression model with random effects, called theMixed Logit‐weighted Reduced Mixture‐of‐Experts, which leverages both policyholder information and their claim history, to categorize policyholders into groups with similar risk profiles, and to determine a premium that accurately captures the unobserved risks. Estimates of model parameters and the posterior distribution of random effects can be obtained by a stochastic variational algorithm, which is numerically efficient and scalable to large insurance portfolios. Our proposed framework is shown to outperform the classical benchmark models (Logistic and Lognormal GL(M)M) in terms of goodness‐of‐fit to data, while offering intuitive and interpretable characterization of policyholders' risk profiles to adequately reflect their claim history.
Baseline sensitivity and resistance analysis of fluopyram against Botrytis cinerea from tomato in Liaoning Province, China
Authors: Wu Liting , Liu Jiani , Wang Kai , Pan Shuang , Qi Zhiqiu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFluopyram, as a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) fungicide, was applied for controlling grey mould in China. In order to investigate the possible development of resistance development of Botrytis cinerea to fluopyram, Botrytis cinerea were collected from eight areas in Liaoning Province, and the sensitivities of these isolates were assessed by mycelium growth and the fitness and resistance mechanism of resistant isolates screened. The results showed that the sensitivity baseline of B. cinerea to fluopyram was (4.82 ± 1.49) μg/mL, and 5 low resistance isolates to fluopyram were detected. The fitness of resistant isolates showed a downward trend of several variables, such as mycelium growth, mycelium dry weight, sporulation and lesion diameter, which were significantly lower than those of sensitive isolates. Conidia germination did not differ significantly between sensitive and resistant isolates. There was no cross‐resistance between fluopyram and fludioxonil/boscalid/pyrimethanil/procymidone/carbendazim. The succinate dehydrogenase activity of resistant isolates was higher than that of sensitive isolates with fluopyram or not, and the inhibition of fluopyram on succinate dehydrogenase of sensitive isolates was greater than that of resistant isolates. Resistant isolates AS8 and AS14 carried the point mutation (N230I) in subunit B. These results provided that fluopyram belonged to a medium‐high resistance risk to B. cinerea. Information for managing resistance suggested that (1) the number of fluopyram applications should be limited to one per season and (2) fluopyram could be a valid alternative to fludioxonil, pyrimethanil, procymidone and carbendazim for the control of grey mould of tomato.
Motivations and experiences among dentists in rural private practice: A qualitative study
Authors: Prouty Zachary , Reynolds Julie C. , Askelson Natoshia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesDespite the critical importance of access to dental care for rural residents and concerns about a shrinking rural dentist workforce, few studies have examined rural dentist motivations to practice in rural areas. The aim of this study was to explore practicing rural dentists' motivations and experiences qualitatively through semi‐structured interviews to help inform and guide recruitment and retention efforts in rural areas.MethodsDentists were included in the sample frame if they were general dentists in private practice and had a primary practice located in a rural Iowa county. Rural dentists with publicly available email addresses were contacted by email to participate. Semi‐structured interviews were administered to 16 private practice general dentists. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded using pre‐set and emergent codes.ResultsParticipants were most commonly male (75%), under age 35 (44%), white (88%), and practiced in a partnership arrangement (44%). The main codes regarding dentists' experiences and motivations to practice in a rural area included familiarity with a rural area, community, financial factors, and clinical care delivery. Having been raised in a rural area was a major influence in most dentists' decisions about where to locate.ConclusionsThe importance of rural upbringing in this study underscores the need to consider rural upbringing in dental student admissions. Additional findings, such as financial benefits of a rural practice and other practice‐related factors can be used to inform recruitment efforts.
Root trait variation along water gradients in the Cape Floristic Region
Authors: Kühn Nicola , Tovar Carolina , Willis Katherine J. , Macias‐Fauria Marc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractQuestionsRoots are responsible for essential plant functions including water uptake. However, the extent to which root traits (size and structure) determine plant presence in water‐limited environments is still poorly understood. Here we investigated how root traits vary across water availability gradients within a dry South African biome.LocationSouth Africa.MethodsWe measured six below‐ground (root) and eight above‐ground (leaf + stem) traits of 124 individuals of nine dominant woody shrub species from wetter and drier sites (600–700 vs 250–300 mm annual precipitation) in the Fynbos biome of the Cape Floristic Region. Within sites, we sampled from recently burnt and unburnt/more mature vegetation and at three locations along topographical gradients.ResultsDrier regions showed greater maximum rooting depth, length, root dry matter content and root to shoot ratio. These trait patterns were consistent at an intraspecific level, along locally drier topographical locations and in post‐fire environments. Roots accounted for significant whole‐plant trait variation. Additionally, in drier conditions, we found increased root allocation deviating from expected global allometric relationships. Our study also demonstrates that the combination of fire and drought in the driest locations results in poor above‐ground vegetation recovery in terms of plant size, cover and individual counts with only resprouters persisting.ConclusionsOur research suggests that root investment in Fynbos shrubs will likely be key for coping with a drier and warmer future and should be a focus of more research for dryland biomes.
The clinical application value of salivary pepsin in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux diseases
Authors: Chen Rongrong , Shi Lin , Huang Xiaoyu , Mao Hui , Feng Benchang , Wang Meifeng , Lin Lin , Jiang Liuqin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeptest is a noninvasive and convenient diagnostic kit for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We aimed to explore the application value of Peptest in the diagnosis of GERD.MethodsPatients suspected of GERD all completed 24 h pH‐impedance monitoring (24 h MII‐pH) and then took proton pump inhibitor (PPI) 2 weeks. The postprandial, post‐symptom and random salivary samples were taken. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to identify the best cutoff value of Peptest, to differentiate GERD patients from non‐GERD patients and the optimal sampling time of Peptest was analyzed. Reflux characteristics and esophageal motility between Peptest (+) group and Peptest (−) group were compared in negative 24 h MII‐pH patients. Peptest concentration were compared among non‐reflux, distal reflux, and proximal reflux groups according to 24 h MII‐pH curve.ResultsThe area under the curve of post‐symptom Peptest was highest in three time points and the diagnostic specificity was 81.0% and sensitivity was 53.3% with the diagnostic value of 86 ng/mL. Compared with negative Peptest group, distal mean nocturnal baseline impedance was significantly lower, gastroesophageal junction contractile integral was substantially lower in positive Peptest group in negative 24 h MII‐pH patients. The concentration of post‐symptom and postprandial Peptest increased gradually in the non‐reflux, distal reflux, and proximal reflux groups.Conclusions & InferencesPeptest has a relatively low diagnostic value for GERD. Post‐symptom Peptset is the best sampling time with the optimal value of 86 ng/mL and may have auxiliary diagnostic value for negative 24 h MII‐pH patients. Peptest may assist 24 h MII‐pH in monitoring proximal reflux.
Ptr1 and ZAR1 immune receptors confer overlapping and distinct bacterial pathogen effector specificities
Authors: Ahn Ye Jin , Kim Haseong , Choi Sera , Mazo‐Molina Carolina , Prokchorchik Maxim , Zhang Ning , Kim Boyoung , Mang Hyunggon , Koehler Naio , Kim Jieun , Lee Soeui , Yoon Hayeon , Choi Doil , Kim Min‐Sung , Segonzac Cécile , Martin Gregory B. , Schultink Alex , Sohn Kee Hoon 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Some nucleotide‐binding and leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) indirectly detect pathogen effectors by monitoring their host targets. In Arabidopsis thaliana, RIN4 is targeted by multiple sequence‐unrelated effectors and activates immune responses mediated by RPM1 and RPS2. These effectors trigger cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana, but the corresponding NLRs have yet not been identified. To identify N. benthamiana NLRs (NbNLRs) that recognize Arabidopsis RIN4‐targeting effectors, we conducted a rapid reverse genetic screen using an NbNLR VIGS library.

We identified that the N. benthamiana homolog of Ptr1 (Pseudomonas tomato race 1) recognizes the Pseudomonas effectors AvrRpt2, AvrRpm1, and AvrB.

We demonstrated that recognition of the Xanthomonas effector AvrBsT and the Pseudomonas effector HopZ5 is conferred independently by the N. benthamiana homolog of Ptr1 and ZAR1. Interestingly, the recognition of HopZ5 and AvrBsT is contributed unequally by Ptr1 and ZAR1 in N. benthamiana and Capsicum annuum. In addition, we showed that the RLCK XII family protein JIM2 is required for the NbZAR1‐dependent recognition of AvrBsT and HopZ5.

The recognition of sequence‐unrelated effectors by NbPtr1 and NbZAR1 provides an additional example of convergently evolved effector recognition. Identification of key components involved in Ptr1 and ZAR1‐mediated immunity could reveal unique mechanisms of expanded effector recognition.
Psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the nursing home survey on patient safety culture
Authors: Fauziningtyas Rista , Chan Chong Mei , Pin Tan Maw , Dhamanti Inge , Smith Graeme D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe development of resident safety culture in nursing homes (NH) represents a major challenge for governments and NH owners, with a requirement for suitable tools to assess safety culture. Indonesia currently lacks suitable safety cultures scales for NH.ObjectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the translated Indonesian version of the Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture (NHSOPSC‐INA).MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional survey conducted using NHSOPSC‐INA. A total of 258 participants from 20 NH in Indonesia were engaged. Participants included NH managers, caregivers, administrative staff, nurses and support staff with at least junior high school education. The SPSS 23.0 was used for descriptive data analysis and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) estimation. The AMOS (version 22) was used to perform confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the questionnaire's dimensional structure.ResultsThe NHSOPSC CFA test originally had 12 dimensions with 42 items and was modified to eight dimensions with 26 items in the Indonesian version. The deleted dimensions were ‘Staffing’ (4 items), ‘Compliance with procedure’ (3 items), ‘Training and skills’ (3 items), ‘non‐punitive response to mistakes’ (4 items) and ‘Organisational learning’ (2 items). The subsequent analysis revealed an accepted model with 26 NHSOPSC‐INA items (root mean square error of approximation = 0.091, comparative fit index = 0.815, Tucker‐Lewis index = 0.793, CMIN = 798.488, df = 291, CMIN/Df = 2.74, GFI = 0.782, AGFI = 0.737, p < 0.0001) and a factor loading value of 0.538–0.981. Expert feedback confirmed the relevance of the instrument items (content validity index [CVI] = 0.942).ConclusionThe modified NHSPOSC‐INA model with eight dimensions (26 items) fits the data set in the context of Indonesian NH services.Implications for practiceThe NHSPOSC‐INA is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing staff perceptions of NH resident safety culture in Indonesia. The questionnaire can now be used to evaluate interventions for resident safety in Indonesian NH.
Prescribing patterns for paediatric hyperopia among paediatric eye care providers
Authors: Morrison Ann M. , Kulp Marjean T. , Ciner Elise B. , Mitchell G. Lynn , McDaniel Catherine E. , Hertle Richard W. , Candy T. Rowan , Roberts Tawna L. , Peterseim M. Millicent , Granet David B. , Robbins Shira L. , Srinivasan Gayathri , Allison Christine L. , Ying Gui‐Shuang , Orel‐Bixler Deborah , Block Sandra S. , Moore Bruce R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTo survey paediatric eye care providers to identify current patterns of prescribing for hyperopia.MethodsPaediatric eye care providers were invited, via email, to participate in a survey to evaluate current age‐based refractive error prescribing practices. Questions were designed to determine which factors may influence the survey participant's prescribing pattern (e.g., patient's age, magnitude of hyperopia, patient's symptoms, heterophoria and stereopsis) and if the providers were to prescribe, how much hyperopic correction would they prescribe (e.g., full or partial prescription). The response distributions by profession (optometry and ophthalmology) were compared using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov cumulative distribution function test.ResultsResponses were submitted by 738 participants regarding how they prescribe for their hyperopic patients. Most providers within each profession considered similar clinical factors when prescribing. The percentages of optometrists and ophthalmologists who reported considering the factor often differed significantly. Factors considered similarly by both optometrists and ophthalmologists were the presence of symptoms (98.0%, p = 0.14), presence of astigmatism and/or anisometropia (97.5%, p = 0.06) and the possibility of teasing (8.3%, p = 0.49). A wide range of prescribing was observed within each profession, with some providers reporting that they would prescribe for low levels of hyperopia while others reported that they would never prescribe. When prescribing for bilateral hyperopia in children with age‐normal visual acuity and no manifest deviation or symptoms, the threshold for prescribing decreased with age for both professions, with ophthalmologists typically prescribing 1.5–2 D less than optometrists. The threshold for prescribing also decreased for both optometrists and ophthalmologists when children had associated clinical factors (e.g., esophoria or reduced near visual function). Optometrists and ophthalmologists most commonly prescribed based on cycloplegic refraction, although optometrists most commonly prescribed based on both the manifest and cycloplegic refraction for children ≥7 years.ConclusionPrescribing patterns for paediatric hyperopia vary significantly among eye care providers.
Addressing extreme size mismatch in pediatric intestinal transplantation: Outcomes of intestinal length reduction
Authors: Hann Angus , Gupte Girish L. , Pathanki Adithya , Coelho Maria , Beath Sue , Hartley Jane , Kelly Deirdre , De Ville De Goyet Jean , Oo Ye H. , Hartog Hermien , Perera Thamara P. R. , Sharif Khalid , Mirza Darius F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBench liver reduction, with or without intestinal length reduction (LR) (coupled with delayed closure and abdominal wall prostheses), has been a strategy adopted by our program for small children due to the limited availability of size‐matched donors. This report describes the short, medium, and long‐term outcomes of this graft reduction strategy.MethodsA single‐center, retrospective analysis of children that underwent intestinal transplantation (April 1993 to December 2020) was performed. Patients were grouped according to whether they received an intestinal graft of full length (FL) or following LR.ResultsOverall, 105 intestinal transplants were performed. The LR group (n = 10) was younger (14.5 months vs. 40.0 months, p = .012) and smaller (8.7 kg vs. 13.0 kg, p = .032) compared to the FL group (n = 95). Similar abdominal closure rates were achieved after LR, without any increase in abdominal compartment syndrome (1/10 vs. 7/95, p = .806). The 90‐day graft and patient survival were similar (9/10, 90% vs. 83/95, 86%; p = .810). Medium and long‐term graft survival at 1 year (8/10, 80% vs. 65/90, 71%; p = .599), and 5 years (5/10, 50% vs. 42/84, 50%; p = 1.00) was similar.ConclusionLR of intestinal grafts appears to be a safe strategy for infants and small children requiring intestinal transplantation. This technique should be considered in the situation of significant size mismatch of intestine containing grafts.
Plant growth stage and Phoma medicaginis inoculum concentration together determine severity of Phoma black stem and leaf spot and consequent phytoestrogen production in annual Medicago spp.
Authors: Omidvari Mahtab , Flematti Gavin R. , You Ming Pei , Abbaszadeh‐Dahaji Payman , Barbetti Martin J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhoma black stem and leaf spot disease (Phoma medicaginis) not only destroys annual Medicago spp. forage and seed yield but also reduces herbage quality by consequent phytoestrogen production that reduces ovulation of grazing animals. Two controlled environment studies evaluated the effects of plant developmental stage in annual Medicago rugosa ‘Paraponto’ and M. scutellata ‘Sava’ and different inoculum concentrations of P. medicaginis in M. littoralis ‘Harbinger’ and M. polymorpha ‘Serena’ on disease development and coumestrol production. Disease incidence and severity and coumestrol production were dependent on plant developmental stage, cultivar and inoculum level (all p ≤ 0.001). Disease was least in 4‐week‐old plants; highest coumestrol was in inoculated 10‐week‐old Sava (1353 mg/kg) and least coumestrol in uninoculated 4‐week‐old Paraponto (87 mg/kg); and there was a positive correlation of disease incidence/severity factors with coumestrol across cultivars and plant growth stages (p < 0.001). Disease levels and coumestrol production were determined by inoculum concentration and cultivar (both p ≤ 0.001). Highest coumestrol was in Serena inoculated with 107 conidia/mL (265 mg/kg); lowest coumestrol was in uninoculated Harbinger (6 mg/kg); and there was a significant positive correlation of disease incidence/severity factors with coumestrol across cultivars and inoculum concentrations (p < 0.001). These studies emphasize both the opportunity for farmers to better use annual Medicago spp. stands for grazing reproducing animals early in the growing season when both disease and coumestrol levels are lowest, and the need for heightened farmer vigilance at later growth stages with greater disease and consequent phytoestrogen risk for grazing animals.