bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term cortisol secretion in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: roles of sex, comorbidity, and symptom presentation
Authors: Pauli-Pott Ursula , Skoluda Nadine , Nater Urs M. , Becker Katja , Derz Friederike , Kaspar Elena , Kasperzack Daria , Kehm Kira , Kött Marie , Mann Christopher , Schurek Pia , Pott Wilfried , Schloß Susan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA) has been found in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The condition may be related to the reduced attention regulation capacity and/or to comorbid oppositional defiant or conduct disorder (ODD/CD). Sex differences are probable but not sufficiently studied. We analyzed the HPAA activity and sympathetic nervous system reactivity (SR) in children with ADHD while accounting for ADHD symptom presentation, comorbidity, and sex differences. The sample comprised 205 children, 98 (61 boys, 37 girls) with ADHD and 107 (48 boys, 59 girls) healthy controls. DSM-5 phenotypic symptom presentation and comorbid ODD/CD were assessed using clinical interviews. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was used to assess the long-term, cumulative activity of the HPAA. SR was assessed via skin conductance response (SCR). For control purposes, comorbid internalizing symptoms and indicators of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) were assessed. Children were medication naive. Boys presenting with predominantly inattentive symptoms (ADHD-I) showed lower HCC than healthy boys. Girls presenting with combined symptoms (ADHD-C) showed higher HCC than did healthy girls (p’s < 0.05, sex-by-group interaction, F (2,194) = 4.09, p = 0.018). Boys with ADHD plus ODD/CD showed a blunted SR (p < 0.001, sex-by-group interaction, F (2,172) = 3.08, p = 0.048). Adjustment for ACE indicators led to non-significant differences in HCC but did not affect differences in SR. HCC constitutes an easily assessable, reliable, and valid marker of phenotypic ADHD-related features (i.e. symptom presentation and comorbidity). It indicates more homogenous subgroups of ADHD and might point to specifically involved pathophysiological processes.
The speed of internationalization in regionally clustered family firms: a deeper understanding of innovation activities and cluster affiliation
Authors: Mendes Telma , Braga Vítor , Silva Carina , Braga Alexandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article aims to explore how innovation activities and cluster affiliation moderate the relationship between family involvement and post-internationalization speed in family firms. Based on a sample of 639 Portuguese family businesses (FBs) created and internationalized between 2010 and 2018, we show that, all things being equal, higher levels of family involvement in ownership and management lead to a lower post-internationalization speed. When considering the effect of cluster affiliation, we found that clustered FBs have a lower propensity to slow down the post-internationalization process than their non-clustered counterparts. Likewise, when we account for the interactive effect of innovation activities, the results confirm that innovative FBs are less likely to slow down the post-internationalization process compared to non-innovative FBs. In addition, the concern of family firms in developing innovation was particularly pronounced when they belong to clusters. This finding is explained by the existence of socially proximate relationships with other cluster members, based on similarity, trust, knowledge exchange, and sense of belonging, which push family firms to innovate to counteract the detrimental effects of a higher family involvement in the post-internationalization speed. Our study, therefore, stresses the importance of clusters and innovation activities in moderating the relationship between family involvement and post-internationalization speed.
Neuropsychological Test Norms for the Assessment of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Impairment Among South African Adults
Authors: Deist Melanie , Suliman Sharain , Kidd Martin , Franklin Donald , Cherner Mariana , Heaton Robert K. , Spies Georgina , Seedat Soraya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReliable and valid neurocognitive (NC) test batteries that assess multiple domains of cognitive functioning are vital tools in the early detection of HIV-associated NC impairment. The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center’s International Neurobehavioral Battery (HNRC Battery) is one such diagnostic tool and has shown cultural validity in several international neuroHIV studies. However, no published norms are currently available for the full HNRC Battery in South Africa. To accurately interpret NC test results, appropriate reference norms are required. In light of this challenge, data were collected from 500 healthy, HIV-uninfected participants to develop demographically corrected South African norms. When demographically corrected United States of America (U.S.) norms were applied to the performance scores of our neurologically intact, HIV-negative sample, an impairment rate of 62.2% was observed compared to a 15.0% impairment rate when the newly generated South African norms were applied. These results reiterate the findings of other low- and middle-income countries, highlighting the need for localized, country-specific norms when interpreting NC performance.
Methods for Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB): A Systematic Review and Guidelines
Authors: Lalanza Jaume F. , Lorente Sonia , Bullich Raimon , García Carlos , Losilla Josep-Maria , Capdevila Lluis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB) has been widely used to improve cardiovascular health and well-being. HRVB is based on breathing at an individual’s resonance frequency, which stimulates respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and the baroreflex. There is, however, no methodological consensus on how to apply HRVB, while details about the protocol used are often not well reported. Thus, the objectives of this systematic review are to describe the different HRVB protocols and detect methodological concerns. PsycINFO, CINALH, Medline and Web of Science were searched between 2000 and April 2021. Data extraction and quality assessment were based on PRISMA guidelines. A total of 143 studies were finally included from any scientific field and any type of sample. Three protocols for HRVB were found: (i) “Optimal RF” (n = 37), each participant breathes at their previously detected RF; (ii) “Individual RF” (n = 48), each participant follows a biofeedback device that shows the optimal breathing rate based on cardiovascular data in real time, and (iii) “Preset-pace RF” (n = 51), all participants breathe at the same rate rate, usually 6 breaths/minute. In addition, we found several methodological differences for applying HRVB in terms of number of weeks, duration of breathing or combination of laboratory and home sessions. Remarkably, almost 2/3 of the studies did not report enough information to replicate the HRVB protocol in terms of breathing duration, inhalation/exhalation ratio, breathing control or body position. Methodological guidelines and a checklist are proposed to enhance the methodological quality of future HRVB studies and increase the information reported.
Kahoot! and its effect on financial accounting marks at the university
Authors: Ortiz-Martínez Esther , Santos-Jaén Jose Manuel , Marín-Hernández Salvador 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNew technologies have led to digital educational tools to improve learning. Game-Based Learning makes it possible to test whether there is a positive impact on official grades. We have collected the scores of the Kahoot! games, the marks of the continuous assessment, the final exam, and the final mark of the subject, to create an ad-hoc database. Finally, we have analyzed a database consisting of 392 marks of higher students from the first semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. We have calculated a correlation matrix, tested a hypothesis for differences in mean paired samples, and proposed three regression models to obtain that there is a positive influence of the games on the official marks. Therefore, Kahoot! is a didactic tool that improves students’ learning and is reflected in their official marks.
Enhancing adolescent reasoning skills through a video game program
Authors: Merino-Campos Carlos , del-Castillo Héctor , Pascual-Gómez Isabel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMuch research has been done on the benefits of video games in a physical education context (Camunas-Vega & Alcaide-Risoto, 2020; Fang et al., 2020). However, little attention has so far been paid to the effectiveness of commercial video games combined with actual basketball practice in helping students improve their reasoning skills (Chuang et al., 2021; Rogers et al., 2020). The study presents a quasi-experimental pre-post design with a control group in order to evaluate the impact of a specific training program in reasoning with the video game NBA 2K16. A convenience sample of 215 high school students participated in the study. Three reasoning subscales of the Evalua-9 psycho-pedagogical test (inductive α = 0.88; deductive α = 0.85; spatial α = 0.89) were used for data collection. Our findings show a significant moderate effect in the students who participated in the training program. An additional outcome was that sex differences in spatial and deductive reasoning in the pre-test disappeared in the post-test. We discuss the educational implications of the use of the video game as the main learning tool to enhance the reasoning process of Secondary Education students in Physical Education.
Ontological Governance: Gender, Hormones, and the Legal Regulation of Transgender Young People
Authors: Mitchell Matthew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLegal institutions worldwide construct theories about gender’s ontology—i.e., theories about what genderis—and use those constructions to govern. In this article, I analyse how the Family Court of Australia constructed ontologies of gender to govern young people’s gender-affirming hormone use. By analysing the ‘reasons for judgment’ published about cases where minors applied for the Court’s authorisation to use hormones, I show that the Court constructed two theories about the ontology of gender concurrently—one essentialist and the other performative—which it leveraged to arbitrate the legitimacy of hormone use. By critically examining the Court’s ontological assertions, I argue that both theories advanced anti-queer directives that tethered the legitimacy of hormone use to its promise to produce normatively gendered subjects. This analysis highlights that legal regimes concerned with controlling gender-affirming practices have much more at stake than access to those practices alone. By governing mechanisms of gender’s production, these regimes do not merely shape how gender can be expressed but also the possible forms of gender itself.
Parental and Pandemic Burnout, Internalizing Symptoms, and Parent-Adolescent Relationships: A Network Analysis
Authors: Moroń Marcin , Jach Łukasz , Atłas Karina , Moroń Rafał 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and preventive measures undertaken by many governments have had a significant impact on family relationships, which could result in worsened parenting. In our study, we used network analysis to examine the dynamic system of parental and pandemic burnout, depression, anxiety, and three dimensions of relationship with an adolescent: connectedness, shared activities, and hostility. Parents (N = 374; Mage = 42.9) of at least one child at the age of adolescence completed an online survey. The central symptoms in the network were parental emotional exhaustion and parental anxiety. Parental emotional exhaustion correlated negatively with activities shared with the adolescent, but positively with hostility. Anxiety correlated positively with parental emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion and anxiety were the strongest bridge symptoms between parental burnout, internalizing symptoms, and parenting. Our results suggest that psychological interventions supporting parent-adolescent relationships should address primarily parental emotional exhaustion and anxiety.
Improving Reactions to Forced-Choice Personality Measures in Simulated Job Application Contexts Through the Satisfaction of Psychological Needs
Authors: Borman Tristan C. , Dunlop Patrick D. , Gagné Marylène , Neale Matthew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
There is a wealth of evidence justifying the use of personality assessments for selection. Nonetheless, some reluctance to use these assessments stems from their perceived vulnerability to response distortion (i.e., faking) and the somewhat negative applicant reactions they elicit, when compared to other assessments. Adopting a forced-choice personality assessment format appears to alleviate the former problem but exacerbates the latter. In this study, we introduce basic psychological needs as a theoretical foundation to develop interventions to improve reactions to forced-choice personality assessments. We propose that the forced-choice format impedes respondents’ desire to respond to items in a preferred way, interfering with autonomy need satisfaction, and constrains respondents’ opportunity to show their capabilities, interfering with competence need satisfaction. In this pre-registered between-subjects experiment (N = 1565), we investigated two modifications to a ranked forced-choice personality questionnaire and compared these to traditional forced-choice and single-stimulus (Likert) formatted questionnaires. One modification, where participants could write a free-text response following the assessment, did not show significant effects on reactions. The second modification allowed participants to view all items they had ranked last (first) and then identify any the participant believed in fact described them well (poorly). That modification positively affected perceived autonomy- and competence-support, and fairness perceptions, bridging approximately half of the gap between reactions to forced-choice and single-stimulus assessment formats. This study suggests that a modification to forced-choice personality questionnaires may improve applicant reactions and that basic psychological needs theory may be a fruitful lens through which to further understand reactions to assessments.
Investigating the land-to-sea transition in carnivorans from the evolution of sacrum morphology in pinnipeds
Authors: Esteban Juan Miguel , Martín-Serra Alberto , Pérez-Ramos Alejandro , Rybczynski Natalia , Pastor Francisco J. , Figueirido Borja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe form and function of the sacrum are of great relevance to understand the evolution of locomotion in tetrapods because it is a key piece of the vertebrate skeleton. The sacrum connects the caudal and presacral regions of the vertebral column and the hindlimbs through the pelvis. Here, we investigate sacrum shape evolution in pinnipeds (Carnivora: Pinnipedia) in relation to terrestrial mammalian carnivorans (fissipeds), and we include crown and stem taxa to quantify the morphological changes they experience in relation to the aquatic environment they inhabit. We use 3D geometric morphometric methods to explore the morphological variability and disparity of the sacrum in a set of terrestrial and aquatic carnivoran species. Our results show that the morphology of the sacrum of each pinniped family is remarkably different and that these differences may be related to the aquatic mode of locomotion (pectoral or pelvic oscillation), the use of hindlimbs to support body weight on land (otariids in contrast with phocids), and the presence or absence of a functional tail. In addition, disparity-through-time analyses indicate that the sacrum of pinnipeds is less constrained than that of fissipeds, which suggests a gravitational origin of such constraints in fissipeds. In conclusion, our results give further support to the important role played by this skeletal structure in the locomotory adaptations of mammals.
$$\alpha$$ILP: thinking visual scenes as differentiable logic programs
Authors: Shindo Hikaru , Pfanschilling Viktor , Dhami Devendra Singh , Kersting Kristian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeep neural learning has shown remarkable performance at learning representations for visual object categorization. However, deep neural networks such as CNNs do not explicitly encode objects and relations among them. This limits their success on tasks that require a deep logical understanding of visual scenes, such as Kandinsky patterns and Bongard problems. To overcome these limitations, we introduce$$\alpha {\textit{ILP}}$$αILP, a novel differentiable inductive logic programming framework that learns to represent scenes as logic programs—intuitively, logical atoms correspond to objects, attributes, and relations, and clauses encode high-level scene information.$$\alpha$$αILP has an end-to-end reasoning architecture from visual inputs. Using it,$$\alpha$$αILP performs differentiable inductive logic programming on complex visual scenes, i.e., the logical rules are learned by gradient descent. Our extensive experiments onKandinsky patternsandCLEVR-Hansbenchmarks demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of$$\alpha {\textit{ILP}}$$αILPin learning complex visual-logical concepts.
A sealant with a hemostatic mechanism independent of the blood coagulation function was effective in both elective and emergency surgery for thoracic aorta
Authors: Morita Shigeki , Yaku Hitoshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Matsudaito is a unique surgical sealant with a powerful hemostatic effect that works independent of a patient’s blood coagulation function. Because of its mechanism, this sealant is expected to be particularly useful in patients with a poor blood coagulation function, such as in cases of acute aortic syndrome requiring emergency surgery. We, therefore, evaluated the hemostatic static effect of the sealant in both emergency and elective surgery of the thoracic aorta.

Methods
We used data obtained from post-marketing surveillance of the sealant. Patients who underwent replacement of the thoracic aorta were enrolled. The hemostatic effect was evaluated as effective if a further hemostatic procedure was not performed after applying the sealant.

Results
From 46 hospitals in Japan, a total of 542 patients (327 elective and 215 emergency cases) were enrolled. Hospital mortality was 4.0% and 11.6% in elective and emergency cases, respectively (p < 0.05). Among the 1039 anastomoses (609 elective and 430 emergency cases), effective hemostasis was confirmed in 436 (71.6%) elective and 259 (60.2%) emergency cases. The data from the clinical trial of the sealant showed a hemostatic rate of 44.4% in elective control cases without the sealant.

Conclusion
Given that the hemostatic rate in emergency surgery with the sealant seemed to be better than that in elective surgery without the sealant (determined from the clinical trial), we concluded that the sealant was effective in both emergency and elective thoracic surgery of the aorta.
Changing Causal Narratives and Risk Perceptions on Foreign Investment: the Riskification of Chinese Investments in the Nordic Region
Authors: Mattlin Mikael , Rajavuori Mikko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article surveys recent legislative and policy changes on foreign investments in four Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Norway). Until recently, only Finland had national legislation on foreign investments, although historically the Nordic countries were forerunners in introducing foreign investment controls. A general rethink in the USA and the European Union on the links between liberal economies, investment policies and security has occurred in recent years. This has cast investments by enterprises from major authoritarian countries, foremost China, in a different light. Rather than investment numbers as such, or realised risks related to Chinese investments, a ‘causal narrative’ has emerged in the Nordic countries that draws attention to the nature of the Chinese party-state and its’ unclear relationship to Chinese companies, underlining potential strategic motivations and security risks behind Chinese investments. Rapidly changing risk perceptions have driven legislative and policy changes on foreign direct investment (FDI), e.g. investment screening. Chinese investments have thus become riskified, to use a term coined by Olaf Corry. Shifting risk perceptions have similarly preceded previous ‘formative epochs’ in Nordic FDI legislation in the early twentieth century, after the Second World War and at the end of the Cold War. Each formative epoch has been characterised by a distinctive ‘risk profile’. We postulate that these shifting risk perceptions significantly shape the reception of FDI as a key channel of cross-border connectivity.
Niche Partitioning Among Marine Mammals Inhabiting a Large Estuary as Revealed by Stable Isotopes of C, N, S, and O
Authors: Cani Alessandra , Cardona Luis , Valdivia Meica , González Enrique M. , Drago Massimiliano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDetailed knowledge on habitat use by marine mammals is critical to understand their role in the ecosystem. The stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) have been widely used to study the trophic ecology of marine mammals, but the stable isotope ratios of other elements such as sulfur (δ34S) and oxygen (δ18O) can better inform about habitat use in areas with strong salinity and redox gradients. The Río de la Plata estuary represents the largest freshwater runoff in the south-western Atlantic Ocean and supports a rich community of marine mammals. Here, we analyzed δ34S values in bone from seven marine mammal species inhabiting the estuary and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean, in order to complement previous isotopic data (δ13C, δ15N and δ18O) and compare their resolution as habitat tracers. As expected, δ34S and δ18O offered relevant insights into the characterization of the habitat used by marine mammals and allowed a better delineation of habitat partitioning between them. Bottlenose dolphins, South American sea lions and South American fur seals seem to be frequent users of the less saline areas of the estuary, whereas Burmeister´s porpoises, franciscana dolphins and false killer whales seemed to prefer the saltier marine waters close to the bottom. Fraser´s dolphins were the only inhabitants of true offshore waters. Our findings demonstrate how the integration of different stable isotope ratios can help disentangle fine habitat partitioning between marine mammals living in a complex ecosystem such as Río de la Plata.