bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous biohydrogen production system: construction, operation, and sustainable evaluation
Authors: Zhang Zhiping , Zhang Quanguo , Li Yameng , Ruan Rongsheng , Ren Jingzheng , Toiniolo Sara , Hu Jianjun , Jiao Youzhou , Jiang Danping , Lu Chaoyang , Zhang Huan , Man Yi , He Chao , Xia Chenxi , Wang Yi , Jing Yanyan , Zhang Xueting , Lin Ruojue , Li Gang , Yue Jianzhi , Tahir Nadeem 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Featuring high caloric value, cleanliness, and renewability, hydrogen is a fuel, believed to be able to change energy structure worldwide. Biohydrogen production technologies effectively utilize waste biomass resources, and produce high-purity hydrogen. Improvements have been made in the biohydrogen production process in recent years. However, there is a lack of operational data and sustainability analysis from pilot plants, to provide a reference for commercial operations. In this report, based on spectrum coupling, thermal effects, and multiphase flow properties of hydrogen production, continuous pilot-scale biohydrogen production systems (dark-and photo -fermentation) are established as a research subject. Then, pilot-scale hydrogen production systems are assessed in terms of sustainability. The system being evaluated, consumes 171,530 MJ of energy and emits 9.37 t of CO2 eq when producing 1 t H2, and has a payback period of 6.86 years. Our analysis also suggests future pathways towards effective biohydrogen production technology development and real-world implementation.
Factors influencing the time to ethics and governance approvals for clinical trials
Authors: Crosby Sam ,   Adriana Malavisi1, Huang Liping , Jan Stephen , Holden Richard , Neal Bruce 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Clinical trials are at the heart of medical research, enabling the development and implementation of new treatments. The time it takes to commence clinical trials at sites can be long, and ethics and governance approvals are key steps on the pathway to site activation.
Methods
This paper explores factors influencing the times to ethics approval, governance approval and site activation. Broadly, these comprised trial characteristics (disease area and trial phase), site characteristics (public or private ownership, country) and characteristics of the ethics and governance processes (scope guidelines, mutual acceptance requirements and triage of projects by risk). Median times were compared between site initiations that were and were not exposed to each characteristic using non-parametric tests in univariable and multivariable regressions.
Results
There were data from 150 site activations done across 91sites, 16 trials and 5 countries. The overall median time to activation was 234 days (range 74 to 657), with ethics approval taking a median of 48 days (0 to 369) and governance approval a median of 34 days (0 to 489). Both the univariable and multivariable analyses identified associations of disease area, particularly oncology (p univariable = 0.012, p multivariable = 0.044), use of scope guidelines (p < 0.001, p = 0.020) and use of a triage process (p < 0.001, 0.043) with shorter median times for governance approval. These characteristics (all p < 0.001) plus early trial phase (p = 0.028) were also predictive of shorter median times for ethics approval in univariable analyses, but none remained predictive in multivariable models (all p > 0.054). The only factors associated with reduced overall time to site activation in both univariable and multivariable analyses were early trial phase (p < 0.001, p = 0.013) and mutual acceptance of ethics approvals (p = 0.031, p = 0.030).
Interpretation
Times to ethics and governance approvals were only one third of total trial start-up time. Factors influencing times to approval and activation were somewhat inconsistent across analyses, but it seems likely that the introduction of selected governance and ethics processes can reduce approval times.
Hypoxia conditions caused by the Green Noctiluca in the coral reef ecosystem of Tuticorin surface coastal waters along the Gulf of Mannar (Biological Paradise)
Authors: Samiyappan Manickavasagam , Muthu Ponmani , Tamilarasan Nirmal , Mohanty Prakash Chandra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The current study found that environmental variables triggered the sudden outburst of a high-density and thick mat-like algal bloom proliferated by Green Noctiluca on the coral reef surroundings in the coastal surface waters of the Tuticorin coast of the Gulf of Mannar (GoM). It is a distinguished heterotrophic dinoflagellate and bioluminescent organism in marine ecosystems. Coral reef ecosystem around the world have been waning severely in contemporary period. Climate change and disease epidemics are primarily responsible for coral devastation and other marine biodiversity. In this investigation, we report on considerable coral mortality due to a Green Noctiluca bloom on Kasuwar Island, Tuticorin Coast along Gulf of Mannar. The surface coastal waters have appeared as a strong bright green, and the microscopic laboratory analysis of the seawater samples exposed the existence of Green Noctiluca in high abundance and density. During the sample times, the mean concentration of Green Noctiluca was 3.98 × 105cells/L, associated with hypoxia and an abnormally elevated ammonia level in the Green Noctiluca bloom outburst zones. Hypoxic conditions (DO level less than 3mg/L) caused by harmful algal blooms can drive the destruction of corals, though they are reported rarely. The dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in bloom outburst zones declined below 3 mg/L. During the sampling periods, the Green Noctiluca bloom caused temporary low levels of dissolved oxygen in the fast-growing coral genera Acropora sp., Turbinaria sp., and Montipora sp., which were observed in the reef crest and reef slopes. Therefore, it is likely that shallow-water coral reefs will be affected more often by episodic smothering conditions caused by harmful algal blooms. Due to global climate change, anthropogenic activities, and the enrichment of nutrients, more frequent and larger algal blooms are expected in the future. Furthermore, long-term observation and scientific studies are required to understand the mechanisms of highly sensitive marine ecosystems due to harmful algal blooms, their impacts on community composition, and the potential for subsequent revival and conservation of marine ecology and biodiversity.
Multi-Scale Accretion in Dense Cloud Cores and the Delayed Formation of Massive Stars
Authors: Vazquez-Semadeni Enrique , Gómez Gilberto , Gonzalez-Samaniego Alejandro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The formation mechanism of massive stars remains one of the main open problem in astrophysics, in particular the relationship between the mass of the most massive stars, and that of the cores in which they form. Numerical simulations of the formation and evolution of large molecular clouds, within which dense cores and stars form self-consistently, show in general that the cores' masses increase in time, and also that the most massive stars tend to appear later (by a few to several Myr) than lower-mass stars. Here we present a model that incorporates accretion onto the cores as well as onto the stars, in which the core's mass grows by a ``gravitational choking'' mechanism that does not involve any form of support. This process is of purely gravitational origin, and causes some of the mass accreted onto the core to stagnate there, rather than being transferred to the central stars. Thus, the simultaneous mass growth of the core and of the stellar mass can be computed. In addition, we estimate the mass of the most massive allowed star before its photoionizing radiation is capable of overcoming the accretion flow onto the core. This model constitutes a proof-of-concept for the simultaneous growth of the gas reservoir and the stellar mass, the delay in the formation of massive stars observed in cloud-scale numerical simulations, the need for massive, dense cores in order to form massive stars, and the observed correlation between the mass of the most massive star and the mass of the cluster it resides in. Also, our model implies that by the time massive stars begin to form in a core, a number of low-mass stars are expected to have already formed.
Relationship between Adiponectin and Blood Pressure in Obese Latino Adolescent Boys with a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hijazin Kristin , Smith Brandon , Garrett Coleby , Knox Allan , Kelly Louise A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Adipokines are associated with several pathological states including, metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. One of these adipokines, adiponectin is of particular interest as it has been shown to have numerous anti-inflammatory effects, However, the association between adiponectin and blood pressure remains inconclusive especially in the obese Hispanic adolescent.
PURPOSE: to investigate the relationship between plasma adiponectin and blood pressure in obese Latino adolescents’ boys with a family history of Type 2 diabetes.
METHODS: Thirty two obese Latino male adolescents aged 14-17 years with a family history of type 2 diabetes underwent a frequently sampled glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) to measure insulin sensitivity. Body composition was assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Obesity was defined as having a BMI percentile ³95. Blood pressure was assessed using the Dinamap automated blood pressure monitor, and the average of three readings was used in the analysis. Fasting plasma adiponectin was determined using radioimmunoassay.
RESULTS: There was a strong positive significant correlation for adiponectin and Systolic blood pressure(SBP) (p< 0.027) and a moderate, positive significant correction for Diastolic blood pressure(DBP) (p< 0.028). A multivariate liner regression showed that plasma adiponectin could significantly predict 19% of the variance in SBP (p=0.017, and 33% for DBP (p=0.017).
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, adiponectin was positively and significantly correlated to blood pressure in obese Latino adolescent youth. Future studies should investigate this relationship in a large sample of Latino adolescent youth.
Examination of the Relationship between Agricultural Carbon Emission Efficiency and Food Quality and Safety: From the Perspective of Environmental Regulation
Authors: Wang Ruixue , Deng Xiangzheng , Fang Yiliang , Bai Wanting , Chen Jiancheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An important breakthrough in the coordinated development of China's low-carbon goals and food security strategies is agricultural development oriented toward quality, safety, green, and low carbon. This study integrated command-control and market-incentive environmental regulation (ER), agricultural eco-efficiency (ACEE), and food quality and safety (FQS) into a unified theoretical framework. The unexpected output-oriented Super-SBM model was used to calculate the ACEE of China's provinces and cities from 2011 to 2020 and test the bidirectional causality between ACEE and FQS through the system generalized moment estimation model. A dynamic panel smooth transition (PSTR) model was used to explore the nonlinear impact mechanisms of different types of ERs on ACEE and FQS. The results showed that there was a long-term, two-way causal relationship between ACEE and FQS. The impact of environmental regulations on ACEE and FQS has a nonlinear relationship. Among them, the role of market-incentivized ER is more significant. Therefore, building an inter-regional coordinated development mechanism, improving the utilization rate of agricultural resources such as fertilizers and pesticides, and coordinating the positive effects of different types of ERs are the keys to improving the ACEE and ensuring the coordinated development of FQS.
Preliminary study on the effect of ultrasound on postpartum uterine involution and breast pain: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wei Dongmei , Yue Jun , Meng Jian , Gao Jing , Yang Lei , Niu Xiaoyu , Wang Zhijian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFUS) therapy in promoting fundus descent and relieving postpartum breast pain compared with sham treatment.
Methods
A multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled, blinded trial was conducted. A total of 176 participants who had normal prenatal check-ups and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled from three medical centres and subsequently randomised into the LIFUS or sham group. All participants provided three times treatment, LIFUS signal to the uterus and breast site through coupling gel, wherein a ultrasound signal output was absent in sham group. Fundal height measurement and breast pain score were performed after each treatment. The primary outcome was uterine involution, which was presented by measuring the fundal height of the uterus. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, as a secondary outcome, was used to simultaneously assess breast pain and the correlation between breast pain and fundal height as the outcome.
Results
All participants were randomised into the LIFUS group (n = 88) or sham group (n = 88), of whom seven did not complete treatment. Overall, a statistically significant difference was noted in the rate and index of fundus descent after each treatment. The rate and index of fundus descent were more significant following the second (rate: 1.3 cm/d; index: 0.13, P < 0.001) and third (rate: 1.71 cm/d; index: 0.26, P < 0.001) treatments in the LIFUS group. VAS scores, which were based on the continuous variable for the baseline, first, second, and third treatments in the LIFUS (2.23, 1.16, 0.78, and 0.28 points, respectively) and sham groups (2.09, 1.64, 1.98, and 2.49 points, respectively), had a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Meanwhile, the differences in VAS score classification variables between the two groups were statistically significant. After the third treatment, a significant correlation was observed between the VAS score decrease and fundus descent rate; the more the VAS score decreased, the faster was the fundal decline rate in the LIFUS group.
Conclusions
LIFUS therapy is safe and effective, which contributes to accelerated uterine involution and relieved postpartum breast pain.
The study has registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100049586) at 05/08/2021.
Gold and polystyrene nanoparticle measurement differences between transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in the liquid phase
Authors: CHIANG C. L. , YEH C. W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), when applied in combination with a silicon chip, can be used to study the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles in the liquid phase. However, these measurement approaches lack repeatability, accuracy, and reproducibility with regard to nanoparticle size and distribution estimates. We applied bootstrapping and the probability density function for our measurement estimates. Our results revealed that TEM outperformed SEM in terms of particle size and size distribution measurement. The effects of electron probe energy and position on the nanoparticle measurement results are outlined herein.
Exploring the Self-Talk of Women with Multiple Sclerosis; Qualitative Study
Authors: Fadavi Yasamin , mahmoodabadi Hassan Zareei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system characterized by extensive lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Patients with MS suppress their emotions, are overly sensitive and anxious, and often have internal conversations with themselves. Inner speech is described as a person's silent conversation with himself. This conversation has a significant positive or negative effect on the quality of life and mental health of people.
Objective
This study was conducted to explore the self-talk of women with MS due to the role of self-talk in these components and its importance in the course of MS.
Methods
The research method is qualitative and its strategy was descriptive phenomenology. The research environment included all the MS patients in Isfahan in 2022. Those people who had the conditions to enter the research were selected using the purposeful sampling method. A semi-structured interview was conducted with them until saturation. The interviews were conducted with 19 participants.
Results
The data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. The findings were presented in the form of 50 concepts, 17 sub-themes, and 7 main themes. The main categories were created under the headings of self-improvement, stable self-confidence, rational mindfulness, effective relationship management, weakness in managing thoughts and feelings, stressful situations, and experience of desire-avoidance.
Conclusion
According to the results, positive self-talk for women with MS has positive consequences in terms of improving mental health components and coping with the disease. On the other hand, negative self-talk creates negative and destructive consequences such as mood and health problems.
Ethical problems related to conflicts between Assistant and Intensivist physicians in the Intensive Care Unit: Medical Resident’s point of view
Authors: de Souza Guilherme Martins , Cáfaro Carolina , Paiva Luisa de Souza Campos , Rezende Julia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque , Troster Eduardo Juan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective To assess the resident physician's view under the scope of bioethics in relation to the differences between assistant physicians and Intensivists regarding the medical treatments offered to patients.Method Cross-sectional, single-center, descriptive study with a qualitative approach.Results Conflicts and divergences in treatments such as those described by the participants are widely reported in the literature, which cites end-of-life decisions and communication problems as the main points related to divergences in the ICU. Aspects related to the perception of patients and family members regarding the therapy and care in the ICU may be influencing factors regarding divergences in conduct.Conclusion Based on a detailed analysis of the most frequent themes cited, in our analysis we found common conflicts that were similar to the related literature.
Genome-wide association study of antibiotic resistance in clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei strains from Hainan province, China
Authors: Wang Min , Duan Xuehan , Wang Xuming , Huang Dongliang , Wu Hua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative soil-borne Bacillus pathogen that causes melioidosis and poses a significant threat to human health. This study aimed to investigate pan-genetic resistance genes using the genome sequences of 556 clinical strains. The predominant resistant phenotypes observed among these strains were resistance to DOX and AMC.
Results
We identified OprM and MexB as genes significantly associated with DOX-resistant phenotypes. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed to explore the functional implications of the genes found in the DOX and AMC-resistant strains, indicating their involvement in the negative regulation of cellular and carboxylic acid biosynthetic processes. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed distinct pathways enriched in DOX-resistant strains, namely oxidative phosphorylation and glutathione metabolism, whereas AMC-resistant strains exhibited enrichment in lysine biosynthesis; valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation; and, amino acid and nucleotide sugar metabolism pathways.
Conclusions
This study helps to understand the evolution of drug resistance in this bacterium and potential targets for predicting drug resistance, and provides a foundation for clinical diagnosis within hospital microbiology and medical facilities.
The Effect of Moringa Oleifera Crude Extract on Liver Cell Line, HEPG2.
Authors: Gonzo Martin , Sowunmi Boluwatife 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The liver plays a crucial role in the body's metabolic and detoxification processes. Given its importance, compromised liver function can negatively impact the body’s metabolic and physiological function. Liver diseases can result from various factors, including exposure to toxins, alcohol consumption, and viral infections. Therefore, finding natural remedies for liver protection and treatment is of great importance. Moringa oleifera is a tree known for its various medicinal properties, including hepatoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential of Moringa oleifera seed extract in protecting liver cells.
Methods
In this study, dried-seed powder of Moringa oleifera was extracted using extraction solvents, methanol, and ethanol. HepG2 cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of the extracts. Antioxidative activity, cell viability, and antiproliferation were assessed using the Total antioxidant capacity assay (TAC) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Additionally, liver enzyme activity was determined through Alkaline Phosphatase and Aspartate Aminotransferase activity assays.
Results
The extracts had varying effects on liver cells depending on the concentration and time of exposure. Lower concentrations (50 mg/l and 100 mg/l) appear to have mild stimulatory effects/minimal impact on metabolic activity, while higher concentrations (200 mg/l and 400 mg/l) tend to decrease metabolic activity, especially at later time points. Moreover, the extracts effectively reduced the levels of liver enzyme, AST, indicating its ability to mitigate liver injury.
Conclusion
The study concludes that the crude extracts of Moringa oleifera seeds exhibits potential as a natural remedy for liver diseases. The hepatoprotective effects of Moringa extract suggest that it can be used as a preventive and therapeutic agent for liver damage. The study highlights the importance of exploring natural remedies for liver protection and treatment.
Lactate-driven type I collagen deposition facilitates cancer stem cell-like phenotype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Yunqing , Chen Yang , Zhao Hui , Wang Jingjing , Liu Yuantong , Bai Junqiang , Hu Chuanyu , Shang Zhengjun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Lactate, the culprit of the acidic tumor microenvironment, is crucial for the therapeutic resistance and metastasis of malignancies. However, the mechanism by which lactate regulates the malignant phenotype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been fully clarified.
Results
In this study, we found HNSCC cells had increased type I collagen (Col I) deposition along with stronger cancer stem cells (CSC) characteristics when treated with exogenous lactate. The lactate-driven Col I was essential for the acquisition of CSC properties, knocking down COL1A1 suppressed the self-renewal abilities of cancer cells. Further study revealed that lactate promoted Col I deposition through two different pathways. On the one hand, lactate converted to pyruvate, which was a substrate of Col I hydroxylation. On the other hand, lactate activated HIF1-α and promoted the transcription of P4HA1, which was a rate-limiting enzyme for Col I synthesis. Blocking of these two pathways inhibited the enhanced cell stemness caused by lactate, while the addition of exogenous Col I rescued the CSC phenotype. The transcriptome sequencing results suggested that Col I enhanced CSC properties by affecting cell cycle dynamics.
Conlusions:
Our research proposes that lactate-driven Col I deposition is essential for the acquisition of the CSC phenotype, and lactate-centric Col I deposition may be an effective target for HNSCC.