bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature and medium environment on corrosion fatigue behavior of Inconel 625
Authors: Ghazi Amer Riaz , Khan Hasan Izhar , Farooq Muhammad , Jahangir Saad , Anwar Muhammad Tuoqeer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInconel 625 is a nickel‐based alloy with exceptional creep and corrosion resistance properties. It has emerged as a candidate material for operational and structural use in critical and supercritical power generation plants. Supercritical power plants work at high temperatures, pressure and in an erosive environment that makes metallic materials more vulnerable to corrosion fatigue. This study aimed to evaluate the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) at elevated temperatures (550–650°C) in a steam and supercritical water environment. All the experiments were performed at a water oxygen level of 8000 ppb. A cyclic stress of 1 Hz frequency and sine waveform was applied for the test. A 0.6 stress ratio was applied with a maximum stress intensity factor of 32 MPa√m. A direct current potential drop method was applied to detect the crack growth rate (CGR). For the given parameters, fractographic analysis validated the role of corrosion‐fatigue interaction as the primary source of variation in the FCGR. Results revealed that the CGR was enhanced with a rise in temperature under all test environments. The influencing mechanism of temperature on CGR was also discussed.
First genetic characterization of Xeroderma pigmentosum in Libya: High frequency of XP‐C founder mutation
Authors: Khalat Najlaa , Messaoud Olfa , Ben Rekaya Mariem , Chargui Mariem , Zghal Mohamed , Zendah Bashir , Saqer Najat , Mokni Mourad , Abdelhak Sonia , Mohamed Othman A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundXeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by a high sensitivity to UV radiations. The disease is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, thus making accurate early clinical diagnosis difficult. Although the disease is considered rare worldwide, previous studies have shown that it is more frequent in Maghreb countries. So far, no genetic study has been published on Libyan patients, except three reports limited to clinical descriptions.MethodsOur study, which represents the first genetic characterization of XP in Libya, was conducted on 14 unrelated families including 23 Libyan XP patients with a consanguinity rate of 93%. Blood samples were collected from 201 individuals including patients and their relatives. Patients were screened for founder mutations already described in Tunisia.ResultsThe two founder Maghreb XP mutations, XPA p.Arg228* associated with the neurological form and XPC p.Val548Alafs*25 in patients with only cutaneous manifestations, were homozygously identified. The latter was predominant (19 of 23 patients). In addition, another XPC homozygous mutation (p.Arg220*) has been identified in only one patient. For the remaining patient, the absence of founder XPA, XPC, XPD, and XPG mutations suggests mutational heterogeneity of XP in Libya.ConclusionIdentification of common mutations with other Maghreb populations is in favor of a common ancestor in North‐African populations.
Impact of patient‐safety incidents on Korean nurses' quality of work‐related life: A descriptive correlational study
Authors: Kim Sun Aee , Lee Taewha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimWe investigated the impact of patient safety incidents on the quality of nurses' work‐related lives, based on the Culture–Work–Health model.DesignDescriptive correlational study.MethodsAn online survey was administered between March 10 and 18, 2020 to 622 nurses in South Korea who had experienced patient safety incidents within the past year. Descriptive analysis was performed along with inferential statistics, including one‐way ANOVA, correlation, and multiple linear regression (p < 0.05).ResultsA multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting participants' quality of work‐related life. Significantly influential factors were resonant leadership, just culture, organizational support, organizational health, and overall work experience.ConclusionsResonant leadership and culture positively affects nurses' quality of work‐related life. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate nurses' perceptions of these factors and use these factors in creating administrative interventions to assist nurses in improving their work experiences.
Emerging inequality in the San Pedro de Atacama oases (Chile): An investigation of entheseal patterns using ANCOVA and factorial ANOVA
Authors: Cheverko Colleen M. , Schrader Sarah A. , Torres Christina M. , Pestle William J. , Hubbe Mark 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBioarcheologists have focused extensively over the past few decades on how to best investigate past activity, often concentrating on data collection protocols and more recently focusing on statistical approaches. Here, we complement ongoing studies focusing on emerging inequality during the Middle Period (AD 400–1000) in the San Pedro de Atacama oases (Chile) by investigating entheseal patterns among individuals (n = 210) interred in four cemeteries. This period represents a time of demographic expansion and the development of interregional networks and formalized social inequalities, all of which would have shaped the lived experiences of local inhabitants. The four cemeteries studied here allow investigations of potential differences between individuals living in a close geographic area: Solcor 3 and Casa Parroquial represent “elite” sites connected with the Tiwanaku state, the somewhat later site of Coyo 3 is associated with mining activities, and Quitor 6 Tardío represents individuals from relatively lower status. Using two complementary multifactorial tests, factorial ANOVA and ANCOVA, we identified differences in entheseal scores in several joints as a proxy for activity patterns among the cemeteries (left and right shoulders and wrists, and left elbow and hip; p < 0.05), with individuals from Casa Parroquial demonstrating lower entheseal scores in most joints. Results highlight how we can infer differences in entheseal patterns among individuals interred in cemeteries that were in close geographic proximity and in use over similar periods, highlighting possible differences in lived experiences in the sites categorized as “elite” as well as the effects of cemetery location, either within the core oases or outside them. Our analyses further suggest that ANCOVA and factorial ANOVA can identify more nuanced differences among the cemeteries while accounting for covariates in a single test, making them more robust inferential statistical approaches for this type of study.
Effectiveness of a population‐scaled, school‐based physical activity intervention for the prevention of childhood obesity
Authors: Jurić Petra , Jurak Gregor , Morrison Shawnda A. , Starc Gregor , Sorić Maroje 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a real‐world, population‐scaled, school‐based physical activity (PA) intervention that provided two to three additional physical education lessons per week to children aged 6 to 14 years in Slovenia.MethodsMore than 34,000 participants from over 200 schools were compared with a similar number of nonparticipants from the same schools. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the effects of differing levels of exposure to the intervention (i.e., from 1–5 years) on BMI in children with normal weight, overweight, or obesity at baseline.ResultsBMI was lower in the intervention group, irrespective of participation duration or baseline weight status. The difference in BMI increased with the program duration, with maximal effects being seen after 3 to 4 years of participation, and was consistently larger for children with obesity (peaking at 1.4 kg/m2 [95% CI: 1.0–1.9] for girls with obesity and peaking at 0.9 kg/m2 [95% CI: 0.6–1.3] for boys with obesity). The program started to become effective at reversing obesity after 3 years, whereas the lowest numbers needed to treat (NNTs) were observed after 5 years (NNTs = 17 for girls and 12 for boys).ConclusionsThe population‐scaled, school‐based PA intervention was effective in preventing and treating obesity. The effects were the greatest in children initially presenting with obesity, such that the program was able to benefit children needing support the most.
Optimal parameter characterization of an enhanced mathematical model of solar photovoltaic cell/module using an improved white shark optimization algorithm
Authors: Lakshmanan Muthuramalingam , Kumar Chandrasekaran , Jasper John Sahayam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the modeling and designing of PhotoVoltaic (PV) systems, parameter characterization in PV cell/module models remains a crucial field of research. Diode‐based models, such as single‐diode model (SDM), double‐diode model (DDM), and the three‐diode model, are frequently employed, and SDM and DDM are the most significant models. As a result, the difference between the estimated and experimental current can be minimized by using an objective function to solve the parameter characterization of such models. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms have recently been employed to get around the difficulty of finding accurate and highly reliable outcomes quickly. As a result, this research modifies the fundamental SDM and DDM and considers an objective function based on the modified models. Additionally, an improved version of a novel metaheuristic algorithm called White Shark Optimizer (WSO) is proposed by modifying the force control parameters of the WSO, and a chaotic generator is infused to improve the exploitation ability of WSO. The modified algorithm is named IWSO and applied to extract the PV parameters. This paper uses the new objective function to compare the conventional and the modified PV models. The outcomes of the experiment demonstrated IWSO's dominance over competing algorithms. With an average Freidman's ranking test value of 1.171, the proposed IWSO is superior to all selected algorithms. The average accuracy of modified SDM and DDM is 12% better than the traditional PV models. According to the findings, IWSO's estimated parameter values are the best, with the smallest difference between estimated and experimental current.
Re‐interpreting tumour behaviour and the tumour microenvironment as normal responses to tissue disorganisation
Authors: Edwards Paul AW 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMuch of tumour cell biology and the tumour microenvironment may be normal wound‐healing responses as a consequence of the disruption of tissue structure. This is why tumours resemble wounds, and many features of the tumour microenvironment, such as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, and inflammatory infiltrates, may largely be normal responses to abnormal tissue structure, not an exploitation of wound‐healing biology. © 2023 The Author. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Thermally‐controlled spherical peptide gel architectures prepared using the pH switch method
Authors: Almohammed Sawsan , Kanoun Mohammed Benali , Goumri‐Said Souraya , Alam Mir Waqas , Fularz Agata , Alnaim Abdullah , Rice James H. , Rodriguez Brian J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSelf‐assembling nanostructured peptide gels are promising materials for sensing, drug delivery, and energy harvesting. Of particular interest are short diphenylalanine (FF) peptides modified with 9‐fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc), which promotes the association of the peptide building blocks. Fmoc‐FF gels generally form fibrous networks and while other structures have been demonstrated, further control of the gelation and resulting ordered three‐dimensional structures potentially offers new possibilities in tissue engineering, sensing, and drug release applications. Herein, we report that the structure tunability of Fmoc‐FF gels can be achieved by controlling the water content and the temperature. We further explore the incorporation of metal nanoparticles in the formation of the gel to enable optical sensing applications based on hybrid Fmoc‐FF‐nanoparticle microspheres. Finally, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy reveals a correlation between lifetime and reduced bandgap, in support of a semiconductor‐induced charge transfer mechanism that might also increase the stability of an excited state of a probe molecule. The observations potentially further widen the use of these peptide materials in bioimaging and sensing applications.
Sustainability evaluations on material consumption for terawatt‐scale manufacturing of silicon‐based tandem solar cells
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Yuchao , Kim Moonyong , Wright Matthew , Underwood Robert , Bonilla Ruy Sebastian , Hallam Brett 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh‐efficiency silicon‐based tandem solar cells will likely drive the push towards terawatt (TW) scale PV manufacturing on the pathway to net zero emissions by 2050. In this work, we provide a comprehensive analysis of material consumption and sustainability issues for future tandem solar cells. First, we analyse the material consumption and sustainable manufacturing capacity of a variety of potential candidates for the top cell in a silicon‐based tandem cell. We show that III‐V, CIGS and CdTe are not suitable to support TW‐scale manufacturing. Perovskites thus present the most sustainable approach, as long as indium is not required in the cell structure. Next, we turn our attention to the silicon bottom cell architecture by comparing PERC, TOPCon and SHJ. Although tandem cells can generally reduce silver consumption relative to single junction silicon cells due to the more favourable JMP/VMP ratio, the PERC cell architecture could allow for significantly reduced Ag consumption compared with both TOPCon and SHJ by relying on Al for the rear p‐type contact. In order to drive a rapid shift towards TW‐scale manufacturing, a rapid upscaling compared with the current production capacity is needed. The results presented herein highlight the need for careful consideration of sustainability issues when designing future high‐efficiency tandem cells that will help the world mitigate the dangers of climate change.
Lq regularization for fair artificial intelligence robust to covariate shift
Authors: Kim Seonghyeon , Kim Sara , Kim Kunwoong , Kim Yongdai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is well recognized that historical biases exist in training data against a certain sensitive group (e.g., non‐White, women) which are socially unacceptable, and these unfair biases are inherited in trained artificial intelligence (AI) models. Various learning algorithms have been proposed to remove or alleviate unfair biases in trained AI models. In this paper, we consider another type of bias in training data so‐called covariate shift in view of fair AI. Here, covariate shift means that training data do not represent the population of interest well. Covariate shift occurs when special sampling designs (e.g., stratified sampling) are used when collecting training data, or the population where training data are collected is different from the population of interest. When covariate shift exists, fair AI models on training data may not be fair in test data. To ensure fairness on test data, we develop computationally efficient learning algorithms robust to covariate shifts. In particular, we propose a robust fairness constraint based on the Lq norm which is a generic algorithm to be applied to various fairness AI problems without much hampering. By analyzing multiple benchmark datasets, we show that our proposed robust fairness AI algorithm improves existing fair AI algorithms much in terms of the fairness‐accuracy tradeoff to covariate shift and has significant computational advantages compared to other robust fair AI algorithms.
Spin‐Wave Optics in YIG Realized by Ion‐Beam Irradiation
Authors: Kiechle Martina , Papp Adam , Mendisch Simon , Ahrens Valentin , Golibrzuch Matthias , Bernstein Gary H. , Porod Wolfgang , Csaba Gyorgy , Becherer Markus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDirect focused‐ion‐beam writing is presented as an enabling technology for realizing functional spin‐wave devices of high complexity, and demonstrate its potential by optically‐inspired designs. It is shown that ion‐beam irradiation changes the characteristics of yttrium iron garnet films on a submicron scale in a highly controlled way, allowing one to engineer the magnonic index of refraction adapted to desired applications. This technique does not physically remove material, and allows rapid fabrication of high‐quality architectures of modified magnetization in magnonic media with minimal edge damage (compared to more common removal techniques such as etching or milling). By experimentally showing magnonic versions of a number of optical devices (lenses, gratings, Fourier‐domain processors) this technology is envisioned as the gateway to building magnonic computing devices that rival their optical counterparts in their complexity and computational power.
A Safer High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Capacitor Using Fast‐Charging and Stableω‐Li3V2O5Anode
Authors: Lan Xiwei , Liu Xueting , Meng Tao , Yang Shanshan , Shen Yue , Hu Xianluo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are flourishing toward high energy density and high safety, which depend significantly on the performance of the intercalation‐type anodes used in LICs. However, commercially available graphite and Li4Ti5O12anodes in LICs suffer from inferior electrochemical performance and safety risks due to limited rate capability, energy density, thermal decomposition, and gassing issues. Here a safer high‐energy LIC based on a fast‐chargingω‐Li3V2O5(ω‐LVO) anode with a stable bulk/interface structure is reported. The electrochemical performance, thermal safety, and gassing behavior of theω‐LVO‐based LIC device are investigated, followed by the exploration of the stability of theω‐LVO anode. Theω‐LVO anode exhibits fast lithium‐ion transport kinetics at room/elevated temperatures. Paired with an active carbon (AC) cathode, the AC||ω‐LVO LIC with high energy density and long‐term endurability is achieved. The accelerating rate calorimetry, in situ gas assessment, and ultrasonic scanning imaging technologies further verify the high safety of the as‐fabricated LIC device. Theoretical and experimental results unveil that the high safety originates from the high structure/interface stability of theω‐LVO anode. This work provides important insights into electrochemical/thermochemical behaviors ofω‐LVO‐based anodes within LICs and offers new opportunities to develop safer high‐energy LIC devices.
Advanced Biomaterials with Intrinsic Immunomodulation Effects for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Weizhi , Li Cheng , Jiang Xiqun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, tumor immunotherapy has achieved significant success in tumor treatment based on immune checkpoint blockers and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy. However, about 70–80% of patients with solid tumors do not respond to immunotherapy due to immune evasion. Recent studies found that some biomaterials have intrinsic immunoregulatory effects, except serve as carriers for immunoregulatory drugs. Moreover, these biomaterials have additional advantages such as easy functionalization, modification, and customization. In this review, the recent advances of these immunoregulatory biomaterials in cancer immunotherapy and their interaction with cancer cells, immune cells, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment are summarized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of immunoregulatory biomaterials used in the clinic and the prospect of their future in cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
Iron‐based shape memory alloy active assembly connectors for civil structures
Authors: Thüsing Kai , Sobotta Sacha , Schlüter Dominik , Hoinka Jennifer , Ayoubi Mazen , Kropp Thomas , Schumann Alexander , Drossel Welf‐Guntram 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe lack of suitable connectors for thin‐walled carbon concrete elements with their known resource and material saving properties still represents a major obstacle for practical application. On top, the on‐site installation remains a labor‐intensive task. To overcome this limitation, we report the development of an active assembly connector that enables simple and safe installation of carbon concrete façade elements and increases assembly efficiency. Moreover, the active assembly features permit an assembly without physical access to the connector, called blind assembly. Its concept is based on the recovery expansion of iron‐based shape memory alloys (Fe‐SMA). This paper presents material characteristics such as recovery stress and strain of the Fe‐SMA in compression. The connector concept uses an anchor rail that blocks the recovery extraction of a Fe‐SMA‐fastener to produce a stable, frictional and linear connection. Tensile tests show the impact of design parameters and high pull‐out forces with sufficient design. Also, ongoing long term tensile tests show small creep, so far. The anchor channels integrate well with carbon concrete façade panels. The heating concept with heating cartridges works well, even under cold winter conditions. Wind test results exceed requirements. Finally, a field test shows excellent installation results and proves the ease of assembly as well as the ability for blind assembly.
Functional Rhythmic Chemical Systems Governed by pH‐Driven Kinetic Feedback
Authors: Dúzs Brigitta , Lagzi István , Szalai István 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Laboratory of Nonlinear Chemical Dynamics at Eötvös Loránd University and the Self‐assembly and Self‐Organization Research Group at Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary. The image shows an hourglass and suggests a pH variation over time. pH‐driven kinetic feedback is a key element of pH oscillatory mechanisms. These can be used as a driving program to induce periodic chemical and/or structural changes in a coupled pH‐sensitive colloidal or macroscopic gel systems. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/syst.202200032.
Aerial Object Detection for Water-Based Search & Rescue
Authors: Mulcahy Eoghan , Van de Ven Pepijn , Nelson John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResponding to a water rescue situation is challenging. First responders need access to data as quickly as possible to increase the likelihood of a successful rescue. Using aerial imagery systems is especially useful in a search and rescue scenario because it provides a higher dimensional view of the search environment. Unmanned aerial vehicles can be easily used to acquire aerial image data. During water-based search and rescue scenarios, first responders sometimes deploy an inflatable marker called a rescue danbuoy. The danbuoy is fitted with a small conical sack known as a drogue, this ensures that the marker is not blown off course by the wind and instead follows the flow of the body of water. Tracking the danbuoy as it moves is of utmost importance in a water rescue. We present a new data-set “VisBuoy” with imagery containing instances of danbuoy markers and boats in real-world water-based settings. We also show how using various deep learning-based computer vision techniques, we can autonomously detect danbuoy instances in aerial imagery. We compare the performance of four state-of-the-art object detectors Faster RCNN Retinanet, Efficientdet and YOLOv5 on the “VisBuoy” data-set, to find the best detector for this task. We then propose a best model with a precision score of 74% which can be used in search and rescue operations to detect inflatable danbuoy markers in water-based settings.