bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited effects of macro-nutrient ratios on thiamin content and transfer in phytoplankton and copepods
Authors: Fridolfsson Emil , Majaneva Sanna , Hylander Samuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVitamin B1 (thiamin) is primarily produced by bacteria, phytoplankton and fungi in aquatic food webs and transferred to higher trophic levels by ingestion. However, much remains unknown regarding the dynamics this water-soluble, essential micronutrient; e.g. how it relates to macronutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous). Nutrient limitation has been found to be related to periods of thiamin deficiency as well as in models. Hence, thiamin transfer to copepods from three phytoplankton species from different taxa was investigated, along with the effect of various nutrient regimes on thiamin content. Nutrient levels did not affect thiamin content of phytoplankton nor the transfer to copepods. Instead, phytoplankton displayed species-specific thiamin and macronutrient contents and whilst a higher thiamin content in the prey lead to higher levels in copepods, the transfer was lower for Skeletonema compared to Dunaliella and Rhodomonas. In all, thiamin transfer to copepods is not only dependent on thiamin content of the prey, but also the edibility and/or digestibility is of importance. Thiamin is essential for all organisms, and this study offers insights into the limited effect of macronutrients on the dynamics and transfer of thiamin in the aquatic food webs.
Shifting social-ecological fire regimes explain increasing structure loss from Western wildfires
Authors: Higuera Philip E , Cook Maxwell C , Balch Jennifer K , Stavros E Natasha , Mahood Adam L , St. Denis Lise A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Structure loss is an acute, costly impact of the wildfire crisis in the western conterminous United States (“West”), motivating the need to understand recent trends and causes. We document a 246% rise in West-wide structure loss from wildfires between 1999–2009 and 2010–2020, driven strongly by events in 2017, 2018, and 2020. Increased structure loss was not due to increased area burned alone. Wildfires became significantly more destructive, with a 160% higher structure-loss rate (loss/kha burned) over the past decade. Structure loss was driven primarily by wildfires from unplanned human-related ignitions (e.g. backyard burning, power lines, etc.), which accounted for 76% of all structure loss and resulted in 10 times more structures destroyed per unit area burned compared with lightning-ignited fires. Annual structure loss was well explained by area burned from human-related ignitions, while decadal structure loss was explained by state-level structure abundance in flammable vegetation. Both predictors increased over recent decades and likely interacted with increased fuel aridity to drive structure-loss trends. While states are diverse in patterns and trends, nearly all experienced more burning from human-related ignitions and/or higher structure-loss rates, particularly California, Washington, and Oregon. Our findings highlight how fire regimes—characteristics of fire over space and time—are fundamentally social-ecological phenomena. By resolving the diversity of Western fire regimes, our work informs regionally appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies. With millions of structures with high fire risk, reducing human-related ignitions and rethinking how we build are critical for preventing future wildfire disasters.
Upper Extremity Exercise Capacity and Activities of Daily Living in Individuals with Bronchiectasis Versus Healthy Controls
Authors: Cakmak Aslihan , Kocaaga Elif , Sonbahar-Ulu Hazal , Inal-Ince Deniz , Vardar-Yagli Naciye , Calik-Kutukcu Ebru , Saglam Melda , Coplu Lutfi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare the upper extremity exercise capacity and activities of daily living (ADLs) in individuals with bronchiectasis and controls.

Methods
Twenty-four individuals with bronchiectasis and 24 healthy controls were assessed for upper extremity exercise capacity (6-minute pegboard and ring test [6PBRT]) and ADLs (Glittre ADL test). Energy expenditure was measured using a wearable metabolic monitor during the Glittre ADL test.

Results
The mean 6PBRT score of individuals with bronchiectasis was significantly lower than the mean score of controls (196.50 [SD = 51.75] versus 243.00 [SD = 29.76] number of rings). The Glittre ADL test duration was significantly higher in individuals with bronchiectasis compared with controls (3.54 [SD = 1.53] versus 2.36 [SD = 0.18] min), despite similar energy expenditure during the Glittre ADL test between the groups (17.67 [SD = 5.28] kcal in individuals with bronchiectasis versus 18.13 [SD = 5.71] kcal in controls). The 6PBRT score and the Glittre ADL test duration were negatively correlated in individuals with bronchiectasis (r = −0.694).

Conclusions
The individuals with bronchiectasis had reduced upper extremity exercise capacity compared with healthy controls. Energy expenditure during ADLs was similar between individuals with bronchiectasis and healthy controls, despite lower ADL performance in individuals with bronchiectasis. The upper extremity exercise capacity and ADLs are related in individuals with bronchiectasis. Given the relationship between upper extremity exercise capacity and ADLs in bronchiectasis, inclusion of upper extremity exercise training to pulmonary rehabilitation programs should be considered.

Impact
Considering the impairment of upper extremity exercise capacity and ADLs in individuals with bronchiectasis highlights the necessity to tailor preventive strategies and preclude further unfavorable effects.

Lay Summary
Bronchiectasis may cause deterioration in upper extremity exercise capacity and ADLs. The assessment of upper exercise capacity and ADLs by physical therapists in individuals with bronchiectasis may be useful for designing comprehensive rehabilitation programs and thus the management of bronchiectasis.
Long-term safety and efficacy of sarilumab with or without background csDMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Burmester Gerd R , Strand Vibeke , Kivitz Alan J , Hu Chih-Chi , Wang Sheldon , van Hoogstraten Hubert , Klier Gabriella L , Fleischmann Roy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of sarilumab with/without conventional synthetic (cs)DMARDs in RA.MethodsThe analyses evaluated two open-label extensions (OLEs): EXTEND and MONARCH OLE, which included patients from six randomized trials. Patients received sarilumab 200 mg once every 2 weeks (q2w) for at least 264 weeks up to 516 weeks (EXTEND: Sarilumab Monotherapy and Sarilumab + csDMARD groups) or for 276 weeks (MONARCH OLE: Continuation and Switch groups). Primary endpoints included safety, immunogenicity and changes in laboratory parameters. Secondary endpoints included clinical signs and symptoms along with health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) questionnaires.ResultsThe Sarilumab Monotherapy (n = 111), Continuation (n = 165) and Switch (n = 155) groups received sarilumab monotherapy, while the Sarilumab + csDMARD group (n = 1910) received sarilumab in combination with csDMARDs. Incidence of one or more treatment-emergent adverse events was 126 (Sarilumab Monotherapy group), 169 (Sarilumab + csDMARD group), 159 (Continuation group) and 159 (Switch group) events/100 patient-years. Neutropenia was the most common adverse event. Neutropenia was not associated with an increased incidence of infections. Most neutropenia cases normalized on-treatment. Adverse events of special interests, such as malignancies, major adverse cardiovascular events, venous thromboembolism and gastrointestinal perforations, were rare. Immunogenicity was low and not associated with hypersensitivity reactions or discontinuations due to lack or loss of efficacy. Improvements in clinical signs and symptoms and HRQOL, observed during the initial blinded trials, were maintained throughout the OLE assessment period.ConclusionsLong-term sarilumab treatment with/without csDMARDs in patients with RA revealed no new safety findings. Efficacy and HRQOL were maintained or further increased over the open-label assessment period.Trial registrationEXTEND, ClinicalTrials.gov, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01146652, NCT01146652; MONARCH OLE, ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02332590, NCT02332590
Serum Metabolic Profile in Schizophrenia Patients With Antipsychotic-Induced Constipation and Its relationship With Gut Microbiome
Authors: Amdanee Nousayhah , Shao Miaomiao , Hu Xiuxiu , Fang Xinyu , Zhou Chao , Chen Jiu , Ridwan Chattun Mohammad , Wen Lu , Pan Xinming , Zhang Xiangrong , Xu Yue 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Antipsychotics (APs), the cornerstone of schizophrenia treatment, confer a relatively high risk of constipation. However, the mechanisms underpinning AP-induced constipation are poorly understood. Thus, we hypothesized that (1) schizophrenia patients with AP-induced constipation have distinct metabolic patterns; (2) there is more than one mechanism at play in producing this adverse drug effect; and (3) AP-associated changes in the gut microbiome are related to the altered metabolic profiles.

Study Design
Eighty-eight schizophrenia patients, including 44 with constipation (C) and 44 matched patients without constipation (NC), were enrolled in this study. Constipation was diagnosed by Rome IV criteria for constipation and colonic transit time using radiopaque markers (ROMs) while severity was evaluated with the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSS) and Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS). Fasting blood samples were drawn from all participants and were subjected to non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic analysis.

Study Results
Eleven metabolites were significantly altered in AP-induced constipation which primarily disturbed sphingolipid metabolism, choline metabolism, and sphingolipid signaling pathway (P value &lt; .05, FDR &lt; 0.05). In the C group, changes in the gut bacteria showed a certain degree of correlation with 2 of the significantly altered serum metabolites and were associated with alterations in choline metabolism.

Conclusions
Our findings indicated that there were disturbances in distinct metabolic pathways that were associated with AP-induced constipation. In addition, this study presents evidence of a link between alterations in the gut microbiome and host metabolism which provides additional mechanistic insights on AP-induced constipation.
Prophylactic Administration of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Does Not Prevent Arrested Lung Development in Extremely Premature-Born Non-Human Primates
Authors: Möbius Marius A , Seidner Steven R , McCurnin Donald C , Menschner Leonhard , Fürböter-Behnert Isabel , Schönfeld Julia , Marzahn Jenny , Freund Daniel , Münch Nadine , Hering Sandra , Mustafa Shamimunisa B , Anzueto Diana G , Winter Lauryn A , Blanco Cynthia L , Hanes Martha A , Rüdiger Mario , Thébaud Bernard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPremature birth is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality and often followed by an arrest of postnatal lung development called bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Therapies using exogenous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have proven highly efficacious in term-born rodent models of this disease, but effects of MSC in actual premature-born lungs are largely unknown. Here, we investigated thirteen non-human primates (baboons; Papio spp.) that were born at the limit of viability and given a single, intravenous dose of ten million human umbilical cord tissue-derived MSC per kilogram or placebo immediately after birth. Following two weeks of human-equivalent neonatal intensive care including mechanical ventilation, lung function testing and echocardiographic studies, lung tissues were analyzed using unbiased stereology. We noted that therapy with MSC was feasible, safe and without signs of engraftment when administered as controlled infusion over 15 minutes, but linked to adverse events when given faster. Administration of cells was associated with improved cardiovascular stability, but neither benefited lung structure, nor lung function after two weeks of extrauterine life. We concluded that a single, intravenous administration of MSC had no short- to mid-term lung-protective effects in extremely premature-born baboons, sharply contrasting data from term-born rodent models of arrested postnatal lung development and urging for investigations on the mechanisms of cell-based therapies for diseases of prematurity in actual premature organisms.
Tree-ring isotopes from the Swiss Alps reveal non-climatic fingerprints of cyclic insect population outbreaks over the past 700 years
Authors: Vitali Valentina , Peters Richard L , Lehmann Marco M , Leuenberger Markus , Treydte Kerstin , Büntgen Ulf , Schuler Philipp , Saurer Matthias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent experiments have underlined the potential of δ2H in tree-ring cellulose as a physiological indicator of shifts in autotrophic versus heterotrophic processes (i.e., the use of fresh versus stored non-structural carbohydrates). However, the impact of these processes has not yet been quantified under natural conditions. Defoliator outbreaks disrupt tree functioning and carbon assimilation, stimulating remobilization, therefore providing a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of changes in δ2H. By exploring a 700-year tree-ring isotope chronology from Switzerland, we assessed the impact of 79 larch budmoth (LBM, Zeiraphera griseana [Hübner]) outbreaks on the growth of its host tree species, Larix decidua [Mill]. The LBM outbreaks significantly altered the tree-ring isotopic signature, creating a 2H-enrichment and an 18O- and 13C-depletion. Changes in tree physiological functioning in outbreak years are shown by the decoupling of δ2H and δ18O (O–H relationship), in contrast to the positive correlation in non-outbreak years. Across the centuries, the O–H relationship in outbreak years was not significantly affected by temperature, indicating that non-climatic physiological processes dominate over climate in determining δ2H. We conclude that the combination of these isotopic parameters can serve as a metric for assessing changes in physiological mechanisms over time.
Limited cross-species virus transmission in a spatially restricted coral reef fish community
Authors: Costa Vincenzo A , Bellwood David R , Mifsud Jonathon C O , Van Brussel Kate , Geoghegan Jemma L , Holmes Edward C , Harvey Erin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Great Barrier Reef (GBR)—the largest coral reef ecosystem in the world—supports over 1,200 fish species with some of the highest population densities and diversities observed in vertebrates, offering a high potential for virus transmission among species. As such, the GBR represents an exceptional natural ecosystem to determine the impact of host community diversity on virus evolution and emergence. In recent decades, the GBR has also experienced significant threats of extinction, making it one of the most vulnerable ecosystems on the planet. Despite the global importance of the GBR, our understanding of virus diversity and connectivity in tropical reef fishes remains poor. Here, we employed metatranscriptomic sequencing to reveal the viromes of sixty-one reef fish species. This identified transcripts representing 132 putative viral sequences, 38 of which exhibited strong phylogenetic relationships with known vertebrate-associated viral genera, including a novel Santee-Cooper ranavirus (Iridoviridae). We found little evidence for virus transmission between fish species living within a very restricted geographical space—a 100-m2 coral reef ecosystem—suggesting that there might be important host barriers to successful cross-species transmission despite regular exposure. We also identified differences in virome composition among reef fish families, such that cryptobenthic reef fishes—characterized by small body sizes and short life spans—exhibited greater virome richness compared to large reef fishes. This study suggests that there are important barriers to cross-species virus transmission and that successful emergence in a reef fish community likely requires active host adaptation, even among closely related host species.
Enhancing Racial Justice and Equity Through Simulation
Authors: Abram Marissa D. , Mancini Karen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiversity, equity, inclusion, and antiracism (DEI-A) are critical to providing adequate health care to all populations. High-fidelity simulations and role-play scenarios allow students to experience caring for clients from diverse backgrounds. This article discusses the project development and implementation of a DEI-A simulation day placed in a community health clinical course.
Digital Storytelling: Sharing Palliative Care Experiences as an Innovative Educational Approach
Authors: Glassman Emily , Lewis Laura Foran 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
When students are exposed to digital stories about a particular nursing field, they feel more prepared to practice in that field. The purpose of this innovative teaching project was to introduce undergraduate nursing students to palliative care nursing through digital storytelling. Digital interviews with experienced nurses from five specialties were compiled and shared with students. Student responses indicated a positive impact on their professional identity and greater awareness about palliative care. Students benefited from hearing about “real” experiences and exploring diverse specialties and reported that this activity helped decrease their fear, find beauty in death, and value nursing presence.
Assessing Professional Competencies Among Undergraduate Nurses
Authors: Suliman Mohammad , Aljezawi Maen , Tawalbeh Loai , Ta'an Wafa'a , Abdalrhim Asem , AlBashtawy Mohammed , Alkhawaldeh Abdullah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

AIM
The study aimed to identify nursing students’ professional competencies and examine which factors of the clinical learning environment affect these competencies.

BACKGROUND
Professional competencies are vital for the quality and safety of nursing practice. The learning environment is important for the development of professional competencies.

METHOD
Data were collected from 178 nursing students using the Clinical Learning Environment and Supervision Scale and the Nursing Professional Competencies Scale-Short Form.

RESULTS
The highest competency was achieved in value-based nursing care; the lowest competency was achieved in development, leadership, and organization of nursing. Factors such as positive pedagogical atmosphere, nursing care on the ward, and good supervisory relationship affected learning and, in turn, improved professional competencies.

CONCLUSION
The results establish a link between the clinical environment and reported professional competencies, leading to a call for more focused coverage of these factors in the academic curricula.
Social determinants of health and asthma
Authors: Espaillat Andre E. , Hernandez Michelle L. , Burbank Allison J. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Social determinants of health play a major role in healthcare utilization and outcomes in patients with asthma. Continuing to understand how these complex and interwoven relationships interact to impact patient care will be crucial to creating innovative programmes that address these disparities.

Recent findings
The current literature continues to support the association of substandard housing, urban and rural neighbourhoods, and race/ethnicity with poor asthma outcomes. Targeted interventions with community health workers (CHWs), telemedicine and local environmental rectifications can help improve outcomes.

Summary
The link between social determinants and poor asthma outcomes continues to be supported by recent literature. These factors are both nonmodifiable and consequences of institutionalized racist policies that require innovative ideas, technologic equity and funding for groups most at risk for poorer outcomes.
Biologics and severe asthma in children
Authors: Saxena Shikha , Rosas-Salazar Christian , Fitzpatrick Anne , Bacharier Leonard B. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Severe asthma can carry significant morbidity and mortality for patients, and it places a burden on families and the healthcare system. Biologic agents have revolutionized the care of patients with severe asthma in recent years. Evidence surrounding some of these therapies is limited in the pediatric population, but recent studies show that they significantly improve asthma care when used appropriately. In this review, we discuss the biologic therapies currently approved to treat severe asthma in school-age children and adolescents.

Recent findings
Randomized controlled trials have been published in support of biologics in children and/or adolescents. These therapies have been shown to reduce the annual rate of severe asthma exacerbations by at least 40–50%, and some up to about 70%. Improvements in asthma control, lung function, oral corticosteroid use, and quality of life have also been demonstrated, although these vary by agent. Furthermore, these therapies have reassuring safety profiles in pediatric patients.

Summary
With three biologic agents approved for children ages 6–11 years and five approved for adolescents ages >12 years, it can be challenging to select one. The therapy should be chosen after careful consideration of the patient's asthma phenotype and biomarkers. Additional pediatric-specific clinical trials would be helpful in developing evidence-based guidelines on biologic therapies in this population.
Air pollution and childhood asthma
Authors: Mukharesh Lana , Phipatanakul Wanda , Gaffin Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Environmental exposures, such as allergens and pollutants, are ubiquitous factors associated with asthma development and asthma morbidity. In this review, we highlight the most recent studies relevant to childhood asthma risk, onset, and exacerbation related to air pollution exposure.

Recent findings
In this article, we review current research that has been published between 2021 and 2022, demonstrating the effects of early-life exposure to key air pollutants (e.g., particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ground-level ozone (O3), environmental tobacco smoke, radon, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) on respiratory health.

Summary
Air pollution continues to be a global burden with serious consequences related to respiratory health. Interventions aimed at reducing air pollution in the environment must be achieved in an effort to improve asthma outcomes and pediatric health.