bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear equations and weighted norm inequalities
Authors: Kalton N. , Verbitsky I. 
Published: July 2002

We study connections between the problem of the existence of positive solutions for certain nonlinear equations and weighted norm inequalities. In particular, we obtain explicit criteria for the solvability of the Dirichlet problem
\[

−
Δ
u

a
m
p
;
=
v

u

q

+
w
,

u
≥
0

a
m
p
;

a
m
p
;

on

Ω

,

u

a
m
p
;
=
0

a
m
p
;

on

∂
Ω

,

\begin {aligned} - \Delta u & = v u^{q} + w, \quad u \ge 0 && \text {on $\Omega $},\\ u &= 0 & \text {on $\partial \Omega $}, \end {aligned}

\]
on a regular domain

Ω
\Omega

in

R

n

\mathbf {R}^{n}

in the “superlinear case”

q
>
1

q > 1

. The coefficients

v
,
w

v, w

are arbitrary positive measurable functions (or measures) on

Ω
\Omega

. We also consider more general nonlinear differential and integral equations, and study the spaces of coefficients and solutions naturally associated with these problems, as well as the corresponding capacities. Our characterizations of the existence of positive solutions take into account the interplay between

v
v

,

w
w

, and the corresponding Green’s kernel. They are not only sufficient, but also necessary, and are established without any a priori regularity assumptions on

v
v

and

w
w

; we also obtain sharp two-sided estimates of solutions up to the boundary. Some of our results are new even if

v
≡
1

v \equiv 1

and

Ω
\Omega

is a ball or half-space. The corresponding weighted norm inequalities are proved for integral operators with kernels satisfying a refined version of the so-called

3
G

3 G

-inequality by an elementary “integration by parts” argument. This also gives a new unified proof for some classical inequalities including the Carleson measure theorem for Poisson integrals and trace inequalities for Riesz potentials and Green potentials.
StochSim: modelling of stochastic biomolecular processes
Authors: Le

   Novère Nicolas , Shimizu Thomas Simon 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: StochSim is a stochastic simulator for chemical reactions. Molecules are represented as individual software objects that react according to probabilities derived from concentrations and rate constants. Version 1.2 of StochSim provides a novel cross-platform graphical interface written in Perl/Tk. A simple two-dimensional spatial structure has also been implemented, in which nearest-neighbour interactions of molecules in a 2-D lattice can be simulated.
Availability: Various ports of the program can be retrieved at ftp://ftp.cds.caltech.edu/pub/dbray/
Contact: nl223@cus.cam.ac.uk; tss26@cam.ac.uk
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Soft protein–protein docking in internal coordinates
Authors: Fernández‐Recio Juan , Totrov Maxim , Abagyan Ruben 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe association of two biological macromolecules is a fundamental biological phenomenon and an unsolved theoretical problem. Docking methods for ab initio prediction of association of two independently determined protein structures usually fail when they are applied to a large set of complexes, mostly because of inaccuracies in the scoring function and/or difficulties on simulating the rearrangement of the interface residues on binding. In this work we present an efficient pseudo‐Brownian rigid‐body docking procedure followed by Biased Probability Monte Carlo Minimization of the ligand interacting side‐chains. The use of a soft interaction energy function precalculated on a grid, instead of the explicit energy, drastically increased the speed of the procedure. The method was tested on a benchmark of 24 protein–protein complexes in which the three‐dimensional structures of their subunits (bound and free) were available. The rank of the near‐native conformation in a list of candidate docking solutions was <20 in 85% of complexes with no major backbone motion on binding. Among them, as many as 7 out of 11 (64%) protease‐inhibitor complexes can be successfully predicted as the highest rank conformations. The presented method can be further refined to include the binding site predictions and applied to the structures generated by the structural proteomics projects. All scripts are available on the Web.
Rapid structural fluctuations of the free HIV protease flaps in solution: Relationship to crystal structures and comparison with predictions of dynamics calculations
Authors: Freedberg Darón I. , Ishima Rieko , Jacob Jaison , Wang Yun‐Xing , Kustanovich Irina , Louis John M. , Torchia Dennis A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCrystal structures have shown that the HIV‐1 protease flaps, domains that control access to the active site, are closed when the active site is occupied by a ligand. Although flap structures ranging from closed to semi‐open are observed in the free protease, crystal structures reveal that even the semi‐open flaps block access to the active site, indicating that the flaps are mobile in solution. The goals of this paper are to characterize the secondary structure and fast (sub‐ns) dynamics of the flaps of the free protease in solution, to relate these results to X‐ray structures and to compare them with predictions of dynamics calculations. To this end we have obtained nearly complete backbone and many sidechain signal assignments of a fully active free‐protease construct that is stabilized against autoproteolysis by three point mutations. The secondary structure of this protein was characterized using the chemical shift index, measurements of 3hJNC′ couplings across hydrogen bonds, and NOESY connectivities. Analysis of these measurements indicates that the protease secondary structure becomes irregular near the flap tips, residues 49–53. Model‐free analysis of 15N relaxation parameters, T1, T2 (T1ρ) and 15N‐{1H} NOE, shows that residues in the flap tips are flexible on the sub‐ns time scale, in contrast with previous observations on the inhibitor‐bound protease. These results are compared with theoretical predictions of flap dynamics and the possible biological significance of the sub‐ns time scale dynamics of the flap tips is discussed.
Even–Odd‐Layer‐Dependent Ferromagnetism in 2D Non‐van‐der‐Waals CrCuSe2
Authors: Peng Jing , Su Yueqi , Lv Haifeng , Wu Jiajing , Liu Yuhua , Wang Minghao , Zhao Jiyin , Guo Yuqiao , Wu Xiaojun , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) layered materials with strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy have attracted significant interest as the long‐range magnetic order in these systems can survive even when their thicknesses is reduced to the 2D limit. Even though the interlayer coupling between the neighboring magnetic layers is very weak, it has a determining effect on the magnetism of these atomic‐thickness materials. Herein, a new 2D ferromagnetic material, namely, non‐vdW CuCrSe2 nanosheets with even–odd‐layer‐dependent ferromagnetism when laminated from an antiferromagnetic bulk is reported. Monolayer and even‐layer CuCrSe2 exhibit the anomalous Hall effect and a significantly enhanced magnetic ordering temperature of more than 125 K. In contrast, the linear Hall effect exists in the odd‐layer samples. Theoretical calculations indicate that the layer‐dependent magnetic coupling is attributable to the orbital shift of the Cr atoms in the CrSe2 layers owing to the Cu‐induced breaking of the centrosymmetry. Thus, this work sheds light on the exotic magnetic properties of layered materials that exhibit phenomena beyond weak interlayer interactions.
Nanozymes: Definition, Activity, and Mechanisms
Authors: Zandieh Mohamad , Liu Juewen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract“Nanozyme” is used to describe various catalysts from immobilized inorganic metal complexes, immobilized enzymes to inorganic nanoparticles. Here, the history of nanozymes is dvescribed in detail, and they can be largely separated into two types. Type 1 nanozymes refer to immobilized catalysts or enzymes on nanomaterials, which were dominant in the first decade since 2004. Type 2 nanozymes, which rely on the surface catalytic properties of inorganic nanomaterials, are the dominating type in the past decade. The definition of nanozymes is evolving, and a definition based on the same substrates and products as enzymes are able to cover most currently claimed nanozymes, although they may have different mechanisms compared to their enzyme counterparts. A broader definition can inspire application‐based research to replace enzymes with nanomaterials for analytical, environmental, and biomedical applications. Comparison with enzymes also requires a clear definition of a nanozyme unit. Four ways of defining a nanozyme unit are described, with iron oxide and horseradish peroxidase activity comparison as examples in each definition. Growing work is devoted to understanding the catalytic mechanism of nanozymes, which provides a basis for further rational engineering of active sites. Finally, future perspective of the nanozyme field is discussed.
Unconventional Giant “Magnetoresistance” in Bosonic Semiconducting Diamond Nanorings
Authors: Zhang Gufei , Zulkharnay Ramiz , Ke Xiaoxing , Liao Meiyong , Liu Liwang , Guo Yujie , Li Yejun , Rubahn Horst‐Günter , Moshchalkov Victor V. , May Paul W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe emergence of superconductivity in doped insulators such as cuprates and pnictides coincides with their doping‐driven insulator–metal transitions. Above the critical doping threshold, a metallic state sets in at high temperatures, while superconductivity sets in at low temperatures. An unanswered question is whether the formation of Cooper pairsin a well‐established metal will inevitably transform the host material into a superconductor, as manifested by a resistance drop. Here, this question is addressed by investigating the electrical transport in nanoscale rings (full loops) and half loops manufactured from heavily boron‐doped diamond. It is shown that in contrast to the diamond half‐loops (DHLs) exhibiting a metal–superconductor transition, the diamond nanorings (DNRs) demonstrate a sharp resistance increase up to 430% and a giant negative “magnetoresistance” below the superconducting transition temperature of the starting material. The finding of the unconventional giant negative “magnetoresistance”, as distinct from existing categories of magnetoresistance, that is, the conventional giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers, the colossal magnetoresistance in perovskites, and the geometric magnetoresistance in semiconductor–metal hybrids, reveals the transformation of the DNRs from metals to bosonic semiconductors upon the formation of Cooper pairs. DNRs like these could be used to manipulate Cooper pairs in superconducting quantum devices.
Perovskite Grain‐Boundary Manipulation Using Room‐Temperature Dynamic Self‐Healing “Ligaments” for Developing Highly Stable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with 23.8% Efficiency
Authors: Chen Ziyuan , Cheng Qinrong , Chen Haiyang , Wu Yeyong , Ding Junyuan , Wu Xiaoxiao , Yang Heyi , Liu Heng , Chen Weijie , Tang Xiaohua , Lu Xinhui , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFlexible perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs) are the best candidates to complement traditional silicon SCs in portable power applications. However, their mechanical, operational, and ambient stabilities are still unable to meet the practical demands because of the natural brittleness, residual tensile strain, and high defect density along the perovskite grain boundaries. To overcome these issues, a cross‐linkable monomer TA‐NI with dynamic covalent disulfide bonds, H‐bonds, and ammonium is carefully developed. The cross‐linking acts as “ligaments” attached on the perovskite grain boundaries. These “ligaments” consisting of elastomers and 1D perovskites can not only passivate the grain boundaries and enhance moisture resistance but also release the residual tensile strain and mechanical stress in 3D perovskite films. More importantly, the elastomer can repair bending‐induced mechanical cracks in the perovskite film because of dynamic self‐healing characteristics. The resultant flexible pero‐SCs exhibit promising improvements in efficiency, and record values (23.84% and 21.66%) are obtained for 0.062 and 1.004 cm2 devices; the flexible devices also show overall improved stabilities with T90 >20 000 bending cycles, operational stability with T90 >1248 h, and ambient stability (relative humidity = 30%) with T90 >3000 h. This strategy paves a new way for the industrial‐scale development of high‐performance flexible pero‐SCs.
GaN as a Material Platform for Single‐Photon Emitters: Insights from Ab Initio Study
Authors: Yuan Junxiao , Hou Yidong , Yang Zenghui , Chen Feiliang , Li Qian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGaN with atom defects is a rising material platform for single‐photon emitter (SPE) recently due to their room‐temperature working conditions, high emission rate, narrow emission line‐width and mature processing technology. However, the SPE mechanism still remains unclear to date, which greatly hinders the progress of GaN based SPE. Herein, systematic ab initio calculations predict and identify two kinds of intrinsic point defects NGa and NGaVN in GaN, which can be response for the widely observed SPEs. The formation energy, band structure, transition mechanism, and orbital composition are systematically investigated. The results indicate that NGaVN° possesses a large zero‐phonon line (ZPL) of 1.98 eV and a short lifetime of 3.56 ns, which may be one of the most possible origins of SPEs in visible wavelengths. The calculation results coincide well with our measured ZPL (1.92 eV) and lifetime (1.14 ns), as well as the experimental results reported previously. This work also predicts that NGa0 and NGaVN+1 can produce SPEs at fiber telecommunications band (0.84 and 0.94 eV, respectively). These results give deep insights into the SPE emission mechanism in GaN and bridge the gap between the realized SPEs and the underlying physical mechanism.
A Wearable Flexible Tactile Sensor with Textile Microstructure for Wirelessly Recognizing Human Activity
Authors: Du Yi , Sun Lin , Yang Lu , Xu Wentao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFlexible tactile sensors have attracted special attention in the detection of human posture and activity. However, achieving multiple stimulus responses is particularly challenging in terms of structural design and has not been fully addressed. Herein, a novel structural design inspired by combining the characteristics of a strain sensor and e‐textile into a hybrid interface to obtain stretchable multiple stimulus‐responsive tactile sensors (stretching stimulus, pressing stimulus, and bending stimulus) is proposed. The sensitive layer of the sensor is designed as a textile microstructure. The sensor, which has a stable performance with excellent ohm property and durability (>2 years), possesses an extraordinary gauge factor (≈200) and a fast response time (≈2.48 ms) under tensile strain, a high sensitivity (≈2.35 kPa−1) in a low‐pressure range (≈9 kPa) under pressure. It has excellent performance for Human Activity Recognition by being attached to human skin. In addition, a Bluetooth device that tracks muscle activity in real‐time and transmits the output signals to a smartphone application is utilized. These results imply the utility of this sensor for a diverse application of robotic e‐skins or e‐muscles.
Biodegradable Polyester Nanoparticle Vaccines Deliver Self‐Amplifying mRNA in Mice at Low Doses
Authors: Wilson David R. , Tzeng Stephany Y. , Rui Yuan , Neshat Sarah Y. , Conge Marranne J. , Luly Kathryn M. , Wang Ellen , Firestone Jessica L. , McAuliffe Josie , Maruggi Giulietta , Jalah Rashmi , Johnson Russell , Doloff Joshua C. , Green Jordan J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDelivery of self‐amplifying mRNA (SAM) has high potential for infectious disease vaccination due to its self‐adjuvanting and dose‐sparing properties. Yet a challenge is the susceptibility of SAM to degradation and the need for SAM to reach the cytosol fully intact to enable self‐amplification. Lipid nanoparticles are successfully deployed at incredible speed for mRNA vaccination, but aspects such as cold storage, manufacturing, efficiency of delivery, and the therapeutic window can benefit from further improvement. To investigate alternatives to lipid nanoparticles, a class of >200 biodegradable end‐capped lipophilic poly(beta‐amino ester)s (PBAEs) that enable efficient delivery of SAM in vitro and in vivo as assessed by measuring expression of SAM encoding reporter proteins is developed. The ability of these polymers to deliver SAM intramuscularly in mice is evaluated, and a polymer‐based formulation that yields up to 37‐fold higher intramuscular (IM) expression of SAM compared to injected naked SAM is identified. Using the same nanoparticle formulation to deliver a SAM encoding rabies virus glycoprotein, the vaccine elicits superior immunogenicity compared to naked SAM delivery, leading to seroconversion in mice at low RNA injection doses. These biodegradable nanomaterials may be useful in the development of next‐generation RNA vaccines for infectious diseases.
Racial reckoning, resistance, and the revolution: A call to community psychology to move forward
Authors: Martin Pamela P. , Lewis Rhonda K. , Guzmán Bianca L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article introduces a special issue of the American Journal of Community Psychology that features racial reckoning, resistance and the revolution in the context of a syndemic, the historical subjugation of communities of Color (COC) to racial hierarchies and the coronavirus (COVID‐19). More specifically, this special issue underscores the need for community psychology and other allied disciplines to address this syndemic facing COC. The special issue delivers on the stories of the lived experiences from researchers and community members as it relates to COVID‐19 and COC. Twelve articles are illuminated to challenge the field to create social change.
Fetal size at the 32nd gestational week is associated with the risk of breech presentation at term birth
Authors: Kirchengast Sylvia , Hartmann Beda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe association patterns between breech presentation at birth and fetal biometry at the first, second, and third trimesters, newborn size but also maternal age, body height, prepregnancy weight status as well as gestational weight gain, were analyzed using a dataset of 4501 singleton term birth in Vienna, Austria.MethodsIn this medical record‐based study, fetal biometry was reconstructed based on the results of three ultrasound examinations conducted at the 11th/12th, 20th, and 32nd gestational weeks. Head dimensions, abdominal dimensions, and femur length were determined by sonography. Birth weight, birth length, and head circumference were measured immediately after birth.ResultsThe total breech presentation rate at birth was 6.2%. Breech newborns were significantly (p < 0.001) shorter and lighter at the time of birth, their head circumferences, however, were significantly larger (p = 0.001). At the 32nd week, breech fetuses showed significantly smaller biparietal breadths, but highly significantly longer heads. Their abdominal dimensions were significantly smaller, and their femora were shorter. Higher maternal age, and a longer, but narrower fetal head as well as smaller abdominal dimensions at the 32nd gestational week were independently related to a higher risk of breech presentation at the time of birth.ConclusionsFetuses who remain in a breech presentation until term birth (≥37 gestational weeks) differed significantly in head and abdominal dimensions from cephalic fetuses from the 32nd gestational week onwards.
Exploring the role of place‐based arts initiatives in addressing social inequity in Australia: A systematic review
Authors: Heard Emma , Bartleet Brydie‐Leigh , Woolcock Geoff 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe arts remain largely absent from place‐based policy, planning and programming in Australia, despite a long history of working in place‐based ways to create positive social change in communities. This systematic review aimed to address this absence, by providing a synthesis of evidence about the role that place‐based arts can play in advancing social equity and addressing social disadvantage. Findings reveal a potential for the arts to create change across individual, community and societal levels, yet empirical evidence to support this potential is weak. Stronger evaluation frameworks that can support capturing the impact of localised place‐based arts initiatives for translation into policy and practice are discussed.
Preclinical and translational models for delirium: Recommendations for future research from the NIDUS delirium network
Authors: Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha M. , Lunardi Nadia , Newman John C. , Crosby Gregory , Acker Leah , Abel Ted , Bhatnagar Seema , Cunningham Colm , de Cabo Rafael , Dugan Laura , Hippensteel Joseph A. , Ishizawa Yumiko , Lahiri Shouri , Marcantonio Edward R. , Xie Zhongcong , Inouye Sharon K. , Terrando Niccolò , Eckenhoff Roderic G. ,   for the NIDUS Delirium Network
Published: February 2023

AbstractDelirium is a common, morbid, and costly syndrome that is closely linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD‐related dementias (ADRD) as a risk factor and outcome. Human studies of delirium have advanced our knowledge of delirium incidence and prevalence, risk factors, biomarkers, outcomes, prevention, and management. However, understanding of delirium neurobiology remains limited. Preclinical and translational models for delirium, while challenging to develop, could advance our knowledge of delirium neurobiology and inform the development of new prevention and treatment approaches. We discuss the use of preclinical and translational animal models in delirium, focusing on (1) a review of current animal models, (2) challenges and strategies for replicating elements of human delirium in animals, and (3) the utility of biofluid, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging translational markers in animals. We conclude with recommendations for the development and validation of preclinical and translational models for delirium, with the goal of advancing awareness in this important field.
Polyoxometalates (POMs) with Ion/Electron‐Sponge Properties and Abundant Active Sites as Emerging Electrode Materials for Secondary Batteries: A Review
Authors: Wang Jinkun , Wang Li , Yang Yang , Xu Hong , He Xiangming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFaced with the increasingly severe energy and environment issues, eco‐friendly and efficient energy storage/transformation technology has become a research hotspot. Due to the ion/electron‐sponge properties and superior catalytic performance, polyoxometalates (POMs) have broad prospects in improving the performance of electrodes and batteries. In this paper, the structural characteristics and physical/chemical properties of POMs are introduced, and the recent research progresses of POM‐electrodes for various battery systems are reviewed. By analyzing the relationship between the composition, structure and electrochemical performance of POMs, the advantages and challenges of applying POMs as electrode materials are explained, and the practical modification strategies for improving the performance of POM‐electrode are proposed, aiming to provide reference for the further investigation and application of POMs in energy storage field.
Übersicht über die im CUBE verwendeten Materialien
Authors: Frenzel Michael , Scheerer Silke , Schmidt Angela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIm Beitrag werden die Baumaterialien, die für die beiden Gebäudeteile BOX und TWIST des Carbonbetongebäudes CUBE verwendet wurden, grundlegend beschrieben. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Vorstellung und Darlegung der maßgebenden Materialeigenschaften von denjenigen Baustoffen, die noch keiner Produktnorm unterliegen und deren Anwendung damit einer Zustimmung im Einzelfall (ZiE) unterlag. Darunter fielen sieben verschiedene Betone, drei Carbongelege, zwei unterschiedliche Carbonstäbe, Glasfaserstäbe und drei Hochleistungsdämmstoffe.