bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Insights on the Kinetics of Persulfate‐Initiated Itaconic Acid Free‐Radical Polymerization
Authors: Herrera‐Ordonez Jorge 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA mathematical model is proposed that couples the decomposition kinetics of persulfate (S2O82−) and the free radical polymerization kinetics of itaconic acid (IA); the results are compared with experimental data reported in the literature. It is found that the former is highly affected by the acidification of the aqueous medium which is caused by the equilibrium dissociation of IA but mainly by HSO4− produced by side reactions of the S2O82− decomposition. This qualitatively explains the dependence of d[S2O82−]/dt with [IA] and the initial concentration of persulfate ([S2O82−]0), reported in the literature. According to the model results, temperature overshoots are very likely to occur in the experiments so there is doubt whether the reaction order >1 with respect to [IA] that is sometimes reported in the literature for the rate of polymerization (Rp) is an artifact related to an imprecise temperature (T) control or is due to a more complex mechanism. Due to the higher activation energy of the persulfate decomposition compared to the propagation reaction, small variations of T can lead to significant variations of d[S2O82−]/dt but to an almost imperceptible effect on Rp. Recommendations for future experimental work and refinement of the kinetic model are provided.
Influence of reference tube location on the measured sodium concentrations in calf muscles using a birdcage coil at 3T
Authors: Baron Paul , Potze Jan Hendrik , Sijens Paul E. 
Published: April 2023

PurposeTo investigate the influence of the sodium (Na) reference tube location in a birdcage coil on the quantification of Na in the calf muscle. Two correction methods were also evaluated.MethodEight (4 × 20 mM, 4 × 30 mM Na) reference tubes were placed along the inner surface of the coil and one (30 mM Na) tube more centrally near the tibia. In two volunteers, four repeated UTE scans were acquired. In six calf muscles, the Na concentration was calculated based on each reference tube. Flip angle mapping of a homogenous Na phantom was used for correcting intensity values. Alternatively, a normalized intensity map was used for correcting the in vivo signal intensities. Results were given as range or SD of Na concentration measurements over the reference tubes.ResultsFor calf Na measurements, there was limited space for positioning reference tubes away from coil B1 inhomogeneity. In both volunteers, the Na quantification depended greatly on the reference tube used with a range of up to 10 mM. The central tube location gave a Na quantification close to the mean of the other tubes. The flip angle and normalized signal intensity phantom‐based correction methods decreased the quantification variation from 14.9% to 5.0% and 10.4% to 2.7%, respectively. Both correction methods had little influence (< 2.3%) on quantification based on the central tube.ConclusionDespite use of a birdcage coil, location of the reference tube had a great impact on Na quantification in the calf muscles. Although both correction methods did reduce this variation, placing the reference tube more centrally was found to give the most reliable results.
Severity of polycystic kidney disease revealed by multiparametric MRI
Authors: Wang Feng , Lee Seo Yeon , Adelnia Fatemeh , Takahashi Keiko , Harkins Kevin D. , He Lilly , Zu Zhongliang , Ellinger Philipp , Grundmann Manuel , Harris Raymond C. , Takahashi Takamune , Gore John C. 
Published: April 2023

PurposeWe aimed to compare multiple MRI parameters, including relaxation rates (, , and ), ADC from diffusion weighted imaging, pool size ratio (PSR) from quantitative magnetization transfer, and measures of exchange from spin‐lock imaging (), for assessing and predicting the severity of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) over time.MethodsPcy/Pcy mice with CD1 strain, a mouse model of autosomal dominant PKD, were imaged at 5, 9, and 26 wk of age using a 7T MRI system. Twelve‐week normal CD1 mice were used as controls. Post‐mortem paraffin tissue sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red to identify histological changes.ResultsHistology detected segmental cyst formation in the early stage (week 5) and progression of PKD over time in Pcy kidneys. In ‐weighted images, small cysts appeared locally in cystic kidneys in week 5 and gradually extended to the whole cortex and outer stripe of outer medulla region from week 5 to week 26. Regional PSR, , , and decreased consistently over time compared to normal kidneys, with significant changes detected in week 5. Among all the MRI measures, and allow highest detectability to PKD, while PSR and have highest correlation with pathological indices of PKD. Using optimum MRI parameters as regressors, multiple linear regression provides reliable prediction of PKD progression.Conclusion, , and PSR are sensitive indicators of the presence of PKD. Multiparametric MRI allows a comprehensive analysis of renal changes caused by cyst formation and expansion.
Analytical solutions for consolidation of soft soil improved by air‐boosted vacuum preloading considering clogging effect
Authors: Sun Jinxin , Lu Mengmeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAir‐boosted vacuum preloading is a newly emerging soft soil‐improving technology and increasingly draws attention of researchers and engineers. However, few analytical theories are available in the literature to facilitate the design and calculation of it in practice. To fill this gap, an analytical model for the consolidation of soft ground improved by air‐boosted vacuum preloading is proposed based on the assumption of equal volumetric strain and Darcy's law. Moreover, a time‐dependent clogging effect is taken into consideration to describe the gradual reduction in the drainage capacity of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) during the consolidation process. In addition, the smear effect is also considered due to the installation of PVDs. An air booster pipe and the surrounding PVDs are introduced into the unit cell for analysis based on the principle of equal cross‐sectional area, and analytical solutions under two typical time‐dependent horizontal loading are then developed. A comparison is made with the existing analytical model of conventional vacuum consolidation, which indicates that air‐boosted vacuum preloading can promote the consolidation of soft soil more effectively than conventional vacuum preloading. Furthermore, the obtained solution under instantaneously loading is used to investigate the influence of several parameters on consolidation behavior. Finally, to verify the accuracy of the analytical model with or without clogging effect, a comparative study is carried out with a field test.
Electromagnetic interference elimination via active sensing and deep learning prediction for radiofrequency shielding‐free MRI
Authors: Zhao Yujiao , Xiao Linfang , Liu Yilong , Leong Alex T. , Wu Ed X. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAt present, MRI scans are typically performed inside fully enclosed radiofrequency (RF) shielding rooms, posing stringent installation requirements and causing patient discomfort. We aim to eliminate electromagnetic interference (EMI) for MRI with no or incomplete RF shielding. In this study, a method of active sensing and deep learning EMI prediction is presented to model, predict, and remove EMI signal components from acquired MRI signals. Specifically, during each MRI scan, separate EMI‐sensing coils placed in various locations are utilized to simultaneously sample external and internal EMI signals within two windows (for both conventional MRI signal acquisition and EMI characterization acquisition). A convolution neural network model is trained using the EMI characterization data to relate EMI signals detected by EMI‐sensing coils to EMI signals in the MRI receive coil. This model is then used to retrospectively predict and remove EMI signal components detected by the MRI receive coil during the MRI signal acquisition window. This strategy was implemented on a low‐cost ultralow‐field 0.055 T permanent magnet MRI scanner without RF shielding. It produced final image signal‐to‐noise ratios that were comparable with those obtained using a fully enclosed RF shielding cage, and outperformed existing analytical EMI elimination methods (i.e., spectral domain transfer function and external dynamic interference estimation and removal [EDITER] methods). A preliminary experiment also demonstrated its applicability on a 1.5 T superconducting magnet MRI scanner with incomplete RF shielding. Altogether, the results demonstrated that the proposed method was highly effective in predicting and removing various EMI signals from both external environments and internal scanner electronics at both 0.055 T (2.3 MHz) and 1.5 T (63.9 MHz). The proposed strategy enables shielding‐free MRI. The concept is relatively simple and is potentially applicable to other RF signal detection scenarios in the presence of external and/or internal EMI.
Energy stability of exponential time differencing schemes for the nonlocal Cahn‐Hilliard equation
Authors: Zhou Quan , Sun Yabing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe nonlocal Cahn‐Hilliard equation has attracted much attention these years. Despite the advantage of describing more practical phenomena for modeling phase transitions of microstructures in materials, the nonlocal operator in the equation brings a lot of extra computational costs compared with the local Cahn‐Hilliard equation. Thus high order time integration schemes are needed in numerical simulations. In this paper, we propose two classes of exponential time differencing (ETD) schemes for solving the nonlocal Cahn‐Hilliard equation. We first use the Fourier collocation method to discretize the spatial domain, and then the ETD‐based multistep and Runge‐Kutta schemes are adopted for the time integration. In particular, some specific multistep and Runge‐Kutta schemes up to fourth order are constructed. We rigorously establish the energy stabilities of the multistep schemes up to fourth order and the second order Runge‐Kutta scheme, which show that the first order ETD and the second order Runge‐Kutta schemes unconditionally decrease the original energy. We also theoretically prove the mass conservations of the proposed schemes. Several numerical experiments in two and three dimensions are carried out to test the temporal convergence rates of the schemes and to verify their mass conservations and energy stabilities. The long time simulations of coarsening dynamics are also performed to verify the power law for the energy decay.
Subjective and objective assessments of sweet, umami, and bitter tastes after brachytherapy for patients with tongue cancer
Authors: Konishi Masaru , Shimabukuro Kiichi , Kakimoto Naoya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to investigate subjective symptoms and expression of receptors for sweet, umami, and bitter tastes after brachytherapy in patients with tongue cancer.MethodsPost‐brachytherapy changes in taste were investigated both subjectively (visual analog scale [VAS] score) and objectively (expression of taste receptors) through 37 examinations on 10 patients who received brachytherapy for treatment of tongue cancer at our hospital. The VAS was scored on a scale of 0–100. A VAS score of ≥90 was considered to indicate restoration of taste. For taste receptor expression, taste cells were collected from the brachytherapy (BRT) and non‐brachytherapy (non‐BRT) sides of the tongue, which were separated in the middle of the dorsum of the tongue, and evaluated by the ratio of the expression level of one side to the other. The mRNA expression levels of taste receptors were classified into three groups according to the number of days after BRT: ≤99, 100–299, and ≥300 days.ResultsThe number of days to a post‐brachytherapy VAS score of 90 or more was 284, 308, and 308 days for sweet, umami, and bitter tastes, respectively. Taste receptor expression was compared in three groups by number of days after radiotherapy: ≤99, 100–299, and ≥300, and no statistically significant differences were found among the tastes.ConclusionThe VAS scores showed that these tastes recovered approximately 300 days after brachytherapy. The ratio of taste receptor expression levels varied widely, and no specific indications of changes in taste receptor expression over time were obtained.
The growing prevalence of childhood cancer survivors in Australia
Authors: Youlden Danny R. , Steliarova‐Foucher Eva , Gini Andrea , Silva Neimar De Paula , Aitken Joanne F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSurvivors of childhood cancer have an increased risk of long‐term health issues arising mostly from the side effects of treatment. Using population‐based data from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry (ACCR) for children aged 0–14 at diagnosis between 1983 and 2018, there were a total of 17,468 prevalent cases of childhood cancer survivors on 31 December 2018. We also found an 80% increase in the number of 5‐year prevalent cases, from 1979 in 1988 to 3566 in 2018. Both short‐ and long‐term prevalence estimates are important for monitoring childhood cancer survivorship and planning for the specific needs of this expanding cohort.
Modeling effective elastic and thermal conductivity of composite materials reinforced with plastic waste: Analytical and numerical approaches
Authors: Belhaouzi Abdessamad , Halimi Youssef , Zyade Souad , Mostapha Tarfaoui , Rouway Marwane , Tahiri Mohamed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe properties of materials used in building are enhanced by adding nanoparticles for improve energy efficiency. The objective of this study is to offer both numerical and analytical modeling methods of the thermal conductivity and mechanical property of composite materials. Various mineral charges were employed to reinforce the organic matrices of saturated polyester resin (UPR) with calcium carbonate (CaCo3) and expanded perlite particles. The study employs the finite‐element software COMSOL to conduct a numerical investigation of thermal transport in an elementary cell. The purpose is to ascertain the thermal conductivity of composites and examine the impact of contact resistance and the volume fraction of nanoparticles on the effective thermal conductivity. The results indicate that the numerical model proposed is consistent with the Hashin‐Shtrikman analytical model and experimental measurements. In another hand, the mechanical property is computed based on Mori‐tanaka analytical model of homogenization and finite element method by Digimat‐MF/FE, which gives enhanced elastic behavior of composite in function of volume fraction of nanoparticles, with high Young modulus and low Poisson ratio. The results indicate the performance of nanoparticles in improving thermomechanical behavior of building materials, and also in other applications.
Characterization of the evolution of runoff‐sediment relationship in Min River based on coupling coordination theory
Authors: Wang Hongxiang , Wang Wenping , Hu Jianwen , Sang Ye , Guo Wenxian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlobal climate change and human activities have profoundly affected the hydrological processes in the basin. The study of the characteristics of runoff and sediment variations in the basin and their driving factors is of great significance in promoting the efficient use of water resources and high‐quality development in the basin. The determination of the abrupt change point of the runoff‐sediment relationship is the key to delineate the base period, and is important to assess the contribution of climate change and human activities to the change of the runoff‐sediment relationship. Therefore, this study constructs a binary coupled coordination model of runoff and sediment load to describe the coupled runoff‐sediment coordination relationship, and uses the Pettitt method and the double cumulative curve method to test for mutations. The effects of climate change and human activities on changes in runoff and sediment load were assessed using the Budyko framework‐based elasticity factor method and the cumulative slope rate of change method. The results show that the annual runoff and annual sediment load in the Min River basin show a decreasing trend between 1970 and 2019, with monthly sediment load changing more significantly than monthly runoff. Annual runoff and annual sediment load were significantly coherent throughout the study period, and there were significant resonant cycles of positive phase on 2‐, 3‐, 5‐ and 6‐year time scales. The coupling coordination degree of runoff and sediment load is generally at a coordinated developmental stage and is moving from low to high levels of coordination. Relative to the base period, changes in runoff and sediment load during the change period are mainly attributed to human activities. The contribution of human activities to the change in runoff ranged from 78.92% to 66.71%, and the contribution to the change in sediment load reached 93.40% to 94.15%. In contrast, precipitation in climate change has a greater impact on changes in runoff and sediment load than potential evapotranspiration. Land use changes and reservoir construction in the Min River basin have both contributed positively to the reduction of runoff and sediment load. The results of the study will help us to gain a deeper understanding of the processes and driving mechanisms of the runoff‐sediment relationship in the Min River basin, and provide a scientific basis for water resources management and sustainable development in the basin.
A Spear and Shield‐Inspired Ar Plasma Safeguard Few‐Layer Black Phosphore with Firefighting of Epoxy Resin
Authors: Wang Kunxin , Li Xiu‐e , Yuan Guoming , Liu Zhijun , Yang Hui , Li Zhao , Diao Wenjie , Xiao Fei , Wu Kun , Shi Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAppearing as an innovative and efficient strategy, a facile strategy of a plasma ball mill is carried out to prepare few‐layer black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs), for abating the fire risk of epoxy resin (EP). A spear and shield‐inspired Ar plasma emergeed through a plasma ball mill to prevent Ar@BP nanosheets from oxidation compared with the preparation of BP nanosheets (MBPNSs) in a mechanical ball mill. The absorption coefficient in the synchrotron radiation spectrum is increased by 16.91%, indicating that BP is effectively protected by Ar proof. The Vienna ab initio simulation reveals that the combination of Ar@BP with oxygen cannot proceed spontaneously with the binding energy of 4.44 eV. With the introduction of 1.5 wt% Ar@BP, the total heat release (THR), total smoke release (TSR), total smoke production(TSP), CO, and CO2 yield, compared with that of EP, are descended by 30.40%, 24.41%, 24.10%, 33.23%, and 37.60%, respectively, indicating excellent flame retardancy property. It is attributed to the condensed and gas phase function. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and elongation at break increase by 27.92% and 56.04%, respectively, with the incorporation of 1.5 wt% Ar@BP.
Atomically Dispersed Silver Atoms Embedded in NiCo Layer Double Hydroxide Boost Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: He Wenjun , Zhang Rui , Liu Hui , Hao Qiuyan , Li Ying , Zheng Xuerong , Liu Caichi , Zhang Jun , Xin Huolin L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBimetallic layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are promising catalysts for anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. Despite good stability, NiCo LDH displays an unsatisfactory OER activity relative to the most robust NiFe LDH and CoFe LDH. Herein, a novel NiCo LDH electrocatalyst modified with single‐atom silver grown on carbon cloth (AgSA‐NiCo LDH/CC) that exhibits exceptional OER activity and stability in 1.0 m KOH is reported. The AgSA‐NiCo LDH/CC catalyst only requires a low overpotential of 192 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, obviously boosting the OER activity of NiCo LDH/CC (410 mV@10 mA cm−2). Inspiringly, AgSA‐NiCo LDH/CC can maintain its high activity for up to 500 h at a large current density of 100 mA cm−2, exceeding most single‐atom OER catalysts. In situ Raman spectroscopy studies uncover that the in situ formed NiCoOOH during OER is the real active species. Hard X‐ray absorption spectrum (XAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations validate that single‐atom Ag occupying Ni site increases the chemical valence of Ni elements, and then weakens the adsorption of oxygen‐contained intermediates on Ni sites, fundamentally accounting for the enhanced OER performance.
Suppression of Vanadium Oxide Dissolution via Cation Metathesis within a Coordination Supramolecular Network for Durable Aqueous Zn‐V2O5 Batteries
Authors: Tao Zengren , Cui Jiawei , Tan Yuanming , Zhou Zekun , Chen Zhao , Wang Anding , Zhu Yuanfei , Lai Shimei , Yu Minghao , Yang Yangyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc metal batteries (ZMBs) are a promising sustainable technology for large‐scale energy storage applications. However, the water is often associated with problematic parasitic reactions on both anode and cathode, leading to the low durability and reliability of ZMBs. Here, a multifunctional separator for the Zn‐V2O5 batteries by growing the coordination supramolecular network (CSN:Zn‐MBA, MBA = 2‐mercaptobenzoic acid) on the conventional non‐woven fabrics (NWF) is developed. CSN tends to form a stronger coordination bond as a softer cation, enabling a thermodynamically preferred Zn2+ to VO2+ substitution in the network, leading to the formation of VO2‐MBA interface, that strongly obstructs the VO2(OH)2− penetration but simultaneously allows Zn2+ transfer. Moreover, Zn‐MBA molecules can adsorb the OTF− and distribute the interfacial Zn2+ homogeneous, which facilitate a dendrite‐free Zn deposition. The Zn‐V2O5 cells with Zn‐MBA@NWF separator realize high capacity of 567 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, and excellent cyclability over 2000 cycles with capacity retention of 82.2% at 5 A g−1. This work combines the original advantages of the template and new function of metals via cation metathesis within a CSN, provides a new strategy for inhibiting vanadium oxide dissolution.
Water‐Assisted Growth of Twisted 3R‐Stacked MoSe2 Spirals and Its Dramatically Enhanced Second Harmonic Generations
Authors: Wang Xiangzhuo , Shang Qiuyu , Zhang Fang , Song Jiepeng , Fu Jiatian , Zhao Liyun , Hu Jingyi , Wang Jialong , Quan Wenzhi , Huan Yahuan , Wu Qilong , Song Tinglu , Han Junfeng , Xiao Wende , Zhang Qing , Zhang Yanfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnhanced second‐harmonic generation (SHG) responses are reported in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., MX2, M: Mo, W; X: S, Se) due to the broken symmetries. The 3R‐like stacked MX2 spiral structures possessing the similar broken inversion symmetry should present dramatically enhanced SHG responses, thus providing great flexibility in designing miniaturized on‐chip nonlinear optical devices. To achieve this, the first direct synthesis of twisted 3R‐stacked chiral molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) spiral structures with specific screw dislocations (SD) arms is reported, via designing a water‐assisted chemical vapor transport (CVT) approach. The study also clarifies the formation mechanism of the MoSe2 spiral structures, by precisely regulating the precursor supply accompanying with multiscale characterizations. Significantly, an up to three orders of magnitude enhancement of the SHG responses in twisted 3R stacked MoSe2 spirals is demonstrated, which is proposed to arise from the synergistic effects of broken inversion symmetry, strong light–matter interaction, and band nesting effects. Briefly, the work provides an efficient synthetic route for achieving the 3R‐stacked TMDCs spirals, which can serve as perfect platforms for promoting their applications in on‐chip nonlinear optical devices.