bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Dietary Antioxidants and Waist Circumference with Pulmonary Function and Airway Obstruction
Authors: Chen Ruoling , Tunstall-Pedoe Hugh , Bolton-Smith Caroline , Hannah Mary K. , Morrison Caroline 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Dietary antioxidants, waist circumference, and pulmonary function were measured in the Fourth Scottish MONICA cross-sectional survey of 865 men and 971 women aged 25–64 years. Waist circumference was inversely related to forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), even after adjustment for age, height, weight, working status, energy intake, and smoking variables in a multiple linear regression model (men: β = −0.017 for FEV1 l/cm, p &lt; 0.01 and β = −0.008 for FVC, p = 0.04; women: β = −0.009 for FEV1, p &lt; 0.01 and β = −0.007 for FVC, p = 0.01). After additional adjustment for waist circumference, estimated vitamin C and β-carotene intakes were positively associated with lung function in men (vitamin C: β = 0.102 for FEV1 l/mg/day, p = 0.03; β-carotene: β = 0.073 for FVC l/μg/day, p = 0.02). Retinol and vitamin E were not significantly related to lung function for either sex. A case-control study of airway obstruction showed that waist circumference was significantly associated, while vitamin C could be protective. The study suggests that adequate intake of antioxidants and avoidance of increasing girth could help to preserve lung function.
Cryptosporidium Infection in Bedouin Infants Assessed by Prospective Evaluation of Anticryptosporidial Antibodies and Stool Examination
Authors: Robin Guy , Fraser Drora , Orr Nadav , Sela Tamar , Slepon Raphael , Ambar Ruhama , Dagan Ron , Le Blancq Sylvie , Deckelbaum Richard J. , Cohen Dani 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system using oocyst lysate as antigen was used to detect serum-specific antibody responses to Cryptosporidium parvum between 1989 and 1994 in consecutive sera obtained at birth, and at the age of 6, 12, and 23 months, from 52 infants living in a Bedouin town located in the south of Israel. The serologic tests revealed high levels of immunoglobulin G anti-Cryptosporidium at birth that dropped significantly by the age of 6 months and then rose continuously to a geometric mean titer of 481 at age 23 months. The serum immunoglobulin M Cryptosporidium antibodies rose continuously from nearly undetectable levels at birth to a geometric mean titer of 471 (157-fold increase) at age 23 months. All the subjects already showed at 6 months a significant rise in immunoglobulin M. A significant rise in immunoglobulin A titers was detected in 48% and 91% of subjects at 6 and 23 months, respectively. By monthly surveillance, microscopy using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method and confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay detected Cryptosporidium antigens in only 11% at age 6 months and 48% at age 23 months. The extent of exposure to Cryptosporidium immediately after birth as detected by serology is much higher than that predicted by frequent prospective assessment of stool samples.
Immunity to Poliomyelitis in the Netherlands
Authors: Conyn-van Spaendonck Marina A. E. , de Melker Hester E. , Abbink Frithjofna , Elzinga-Gholizadea Nazrin , Kimman Tjeerd G. , van Loon Ton 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Despite a vaccination coverage rate of 97%, several poliomyelitis outbreaks occurred in the Netherlands during the last three decades, all among sociogeographically clustered, unvaccinated persons. Therefore, to eradicate polio, insight into poliomyelitis immunity is particularly useful. In 1995–1996, the authors conducted a population-based study and determined neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in 9,274 sera from the general population and from religious groups rejecting vaccination. In the general population, the antibody prevalence (≥1:8) was 96.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 95.9, 97.2), 93.4% (95% CI: 92.3, 94.5), and 89.7% (95% CI: 88.3, 91.0) for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Antibodies persisted for long periods in persons with natural immunity as well as in persons whose immunity was induced by inactivated polio vaccine. In Orthodox Reformed persons, the antibody prevalence of poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 was 65.0% (95% CI: 57.2, 72.9), 59.0% (95% CI: 40.1, 77.9), and 68.7% (95% CI: 65.2, 72.2), respectively. The recent outbreaks clearly affected the seroprevalence profiles of Orthodox Reformed groups but not the general population. At present, there is an insufficient social and political basis for mandatory vaccination; therefore, global eradication of poliovirus seems to be the only way to protect these Orthodox Reformed persons against future poliomyelitis outbreaks.
Race, Anthropometric Factors, and Stage at Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Moorman Patricia G. , Jones Beth A. , Millikan Robert C. , Hall Ingrid J. , Newman Beth 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A recent study suggested that the greater prevalence of severe obesity among African-American women explained almost one third of the observed differences between African-American and White women in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. The objective of this investigation was to attempt to replicate these findings in a second, larger population and to expand the analyses by including a measure of body fat distribution, the waist:hip ratio. The authors used data from a population-based study in North Carolina comprising 791 breast cancer cases (302 in African-American women and 489 in White women) diagnosed between 1993 and 1996. African-American women were more likely to have later-stage (TNM stage ≥II) breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6, 2.9). They also were much more likely to be severely obese (body mass index ≥32.3) (OR = 9.7; 95% CI: 6.5, 14.5) and to be in the highest tertile of waist:hip ratio (OR = 5.7; 95% CI: 3.8, 8.6). In multivariate logistic regression models, adjustment for waist:hip ratio reduced the odds ratio for later-stage disease in African-American women by 20%; adjustment for both waist:hip ratio and severe obesity reduced the odds ratio by 27%. These observations suggest that obesity and body fat distribution, in addition to socioeconomic and medical care factors, contribute to racial differences in stage at breast cancer diagnosis.
First Analysis of Cancer Incidence and Occupational Radiation Exposure Based on the National Dose Registry of Canada
Authors: Sont W. N. , Zielinski J. M. , Ashmore J. P. , Jiang H. , Krewski D. , Fair M. E. , Band P. R. , Létourneau E. G. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A cohort study was conducted to investigate the relation between cancer incidence and occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. Records containing dose information from 1951 to 1988 for 191,333 persons were extracted from the National Dose Registry of Canada. The records were linked to the Canadian Cancer Data Base, with incidence data from 1969 to 1988. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated using Canadian cancer incidence rates stratified by age, sex, and calendar year. Excess relative risks were obtained from internally based dose-response analyses. The following significant results were found for males and females combined: a deficit in the standardized incidence ratio for all cancers combined; elevated standardized incidence ratios for thyroid cancer and melanoma; and elevated excess relative risks for rectum, leukemia, lung, all cancers combined, all except lung, and all except leukemia. For males, cancers of the colon, pancreas, and testis also showed significantly elevated excess relative risks. The specific cancer types listed above have been implicated in previous studies on occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, except for testis, colon, and melanoma, while the findings on thyroid cancer from previous studies are inconclusive. The thyroid standardized incidence ratios in this study are highly significant, but further investigation is needed to assess the possibility of association with occupational radiation exposure.
Predictive 5-Year Survivorship Model of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Liou Theodore G. , Adler Frederick R. , FitzSimmons Stacey C. , Cahill Barbara C. , Hibbs Jonathan R. , Marshall Bruce C. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The objective of this study was to create a 5-year survivorship model to identify key clinical features of cystic fibrosis. Such a model could help researchers and clinicians to evaluate therapies, improve the design of prospective studies, monitor practice patterns, counsel individual patients, and determine the best candidates for lung transplantation. The authors used information from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR), which has collected longitudinal data on approximately 90% of cystic fibrosis patients diagnosed in the United States since 1986. They developed multivariate logistic regression models by using data on 5,820 patients randomly selected from 11,630 in the CFFPR in 1993. Models were tested for goodness of fit and were validated for the remaining 5,810 patients for 1993. The validated 5-year survivorship model included age, forced expiratory volume in 1 second as a percentage of predicted normal, gender, weight-for-age z score, pancreatic sufficiency, diabetes mellitus, Staphylococcus aureus infection, Burkerholderia cepacia infection, and annual number of acute pulmonary exacerbations. The model provides insights into the complex nature of cystic fibrosis and supplies a rigorous tool for clinical practice and research.
Immigration and the Health of Asian and Pacific Islander Adults in the United States
Authors: Parker Frisbie W. , Cho Youngtae , Hummer Robert A. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The authors used the 1992–1995 National Health Interview Survey to examine the effect of immigrant status (both nativity and duration of residence in the United States) on the health of Asian and Pacific Islander adults by constructing models in which national origin was also specified. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, marital status, living arrangement, family size, and several socioeconomic indicators, immigrants were found to be in better health than their US-born counterparts, but their health advantages consistently decreased with duration of residence. For example, for Asian and Pacific Islander immigrants whose duration of residence was less than 5 years, 5–9 years, and 10 years or more, the odds ratios for activity limitations were 0.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33, 0.62), 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.93), and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.90), respectively. Similar findings emerged for respondent-reported health and bed days due to illness. These results support the validity and complementarity of the migration selectivity and acculturation hypotheses. However, the picture was not uniformly positive. The health of certain Asian and Pacific Islander groups, notably Pacific Islanders and Vietnamese, was found to be less favorable than average. Finally, after adjustment for health status, immigrants seemed to have less adequate access to formal medical care.
Forearm Bone Mineral Density by Age in 7,620 Men and Women The Tromsø Study, a Population-based Study
Authors: Rosvold Berntsen Gro K. , Fønnebø Vinjar , Tollan Anne , Johanne Søgaard Anne , Magnus Jeanette H. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Population-based studies of adult forearm bone mineral density (BMD) by age are scarce, and standardized reference values are lacking. In this cross-sectional study, men aged 55–74 years, women aged 50–74 years, and representative 5–10% samples of remaining age groups between 25 and 84 years living in Tromsø, Norway, were invited for forearm BMD measurement in 1994–1995. The authors measured 3,062 men and 4,558 women (response rate, 78%) by single x-ray absoptiometry at distal and ultradistal forearm sites. Up to age 50, the mean BMD difference was –0.1% per 1-year age group in both sexes. After age 50, the mean BMD difference per 1-year age group was −0.6% in men and −1.3% (distal) and −1.5% (ultradistal) in women. The BMD by age curve was linear for men throughout senescence, but women had a slope change to −0.7% (distal) and −0.8% (ultradistal) per 1-year age group from the 65- to 69-year age group. BMD levels and BMD by age association in the general population (n = 7,620) and in the population without bone-threatening diseases or medication (n = 5,179) were similar. Only longitudinal studies can clarify whether cohort effects or longitudinal BMD development patterns explain these cross-sectional results.
Serum Triglycerides and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Japanese Men and Women
Authors: Iso Hiroyasu , Naito Yoshihiko , Sato Shinichi , Kitamura Akihiko , Okamura Tomonori , Sankai Tomoko , Shimamoto Takashi , Iida Minoru , Komachi Yoshio 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
To examine the relation of triglycerides with coronary heart disease among populations with low mean total cholesterol, the authors conducted a 15.5-year prospective study ending in 1997 of 11,068 Japanese aged 40–69 years (4,452 men and 6,616 women with mean total cholesterol = 4.73 mmol/liter and 5.03 mmol/liter, respectively), initially free of coronary heart disease or stroke. There were 236 coronary heart disease events comprising 133 myocardial infarctions, 68 angina pectoris events, and 44 sudden cardiac deaths. The coronary heart disease incidence was greater in a dose-response manner across increasing quartiles of nonfasting triglycerides for both sexes. The multivariate relative risk of coronary heart disease adjusting for coronary risk factors and time since last meal associated with a 1-mmol/liter increase in triglycerides was 1.29 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.53; p = 0.004) for men and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.75; p = 0.001) for women. The trend was similar for myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and sudden cardiac death. The relation of triglycerides with coronary heart disease was not influenced materially by total cholesterol levels or, in a subsample analysis (51% of total sample), by high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Nonfasting serum triglycerides predict the incidence of coronary heart disease among Japanese men and women who possess low mean values of total cholesterol. Further adjustment for high density lipoprotein cholesterol suggests an independent role of triglycerides on the coronary heart disease risk.
Multivariate Logistic Regression for Familial Aggregation of Two Disorders. II. Analysis of Studies of Eating and Mood Disorders
Authors: Hudson James I. , Laird Nan M. , Betensky Rebecca A. , Keck Paul E. , Pope Harrison G. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Family studies have suggested that eating disorders and mood disorders may coaggregate within families. Previous studies, however, have been limited by use of univariate modeling techniques and failure to account for the correlation of observations within families. To provide a more efficient analysis and to illustrate multivariate logistic regression models for familial aggregation of two disorders, the authors analyzed pooled data from two previously published family studies (conducted in Massachusetts in 1984–1986 and 1986–1987) by using multivariate proband predictive and family predictive models. Both models demonstrated a significant familial aggregation of mood disorders and familial coaggregation of eating and mood disorders. The magnitude of the coaggregation between eating and mood disorders was similar to that of the aggregation of mood disorders. Similar results were obtained with alternative models, including a traditional univariate proband predictive model. In comparison with the univariate model, the multivariate models provided greater flexibility, improved precision, and wider generality for interpreting aggregation effects.
Analysis of 13 32P-DNA Postlabeling Studies on Occupational Cohorts Exposed to Air Pollution
Authors: Peluso M. , Ceppi M. , Munnia A. , Puntoni R. , Parodi S. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Industrial and urban workers may be exposed to significant levels of air pollutants resulting from the incomplete combustion of organic matter. The authors performed a meta-analysis of 13 DNA-adduct studies (32P-DNA postlabeling technique) on occupational cohorts exposed to air pollution. The association between levels of DNA adducts and air pollution exposure was significant both in heavily exposed industrial workers and in less severely exposed urban workers. Moreover, in an analysis using the seven studies that reported measuring levels of benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P), a typical marker of exposure, DNA adduct levels in exposed workers (versus those in referents) were significantly correlated with air levels of B(a)P. The relation between DNA adducts and B(a)P was found to be linear at low doses and sublinear at high doses, indicating that DNA adduct formation tends to reach some kind of saturation point at higher levels of exposure to the chemical mixtures present in fumes. When the authors examined the efficiency of DNA adduct production associated with increasing air pollution exposures, the production of DNA adducts per unit of exposure was significantly decreased at higher B(a)P exposure levels. These findings suggest that linear downward extrapolations based on DNA adduct levels associated with B(a)P concentrations of ≥20 ng/m3 might be affected by underestimation bias.
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in British Gulf War Veterans
Authors: Reid Steven , Hotopf Matthew , Hull Lisa , Ismail Khalida , Unwin Catherine , Wessely Simon 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in British Gulf War veterans and to investigate their association with reported exposures and psychologic morbidity. In 1997–1998, the authors undertook a cross-sectional survey of three cohorts of British military personnel comprising Gulf veterans (n = 3,531), those who had served in Bosnia (n = 2,050), and those serving during the Gulf War but not deployed there (Era cohort, n = 2,614). MCS and CFS were defined according to operational criteria. The prevalence of MCS in the Gulf, Bosnia, and Era cohorts was 1.3%, 0.3%, and 0.2%, respectively. For CFS, the prevalence was 2.1% (Gulf cohort), 0.7% (Bosnia cohort), and 1.8% (Era cohort). In Gulf veterans, MCS was strongly associated with exposure to pesticides (adjusted odds ratio = 12.3, 95% confidence interval: 5.1, 30.0). Both syndromes were associated with high levels of psychologic morbidity. These findings suggest that CFS and MCS account for some of the medically unexplained illnesses reported by veterans after deployment to the Gulf. MCS was particularly associated with Gulf deployment and self-reported exposure to pesticides, findings that merit further exploration given the controversial status of this diagnosis and the potential for recall bias in a questionnaire survey.
Association between Air Pollution and Daily Consultations with General Practitioners for Allergic Rhinitis in London, United Kingdom
Authors: Hajat S. , Haines A. , Atkinson R. W. , Bremner S. A. , Anderson H. R. , Emberlin J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Few published studies have looked at the health effects of air pollution in the primary care setting, and most have concentrated on lower rather than upper respiratory diseases. The authors investigated the association of daily consultations with general practitioners for allergic rhinitis with air pollution in London, United Kingdom. Generalized additive models were used to regress time series of daily numbers of patients consulting for allergic rhinitis against 1992–1994 measures of air pollution, after control for possible confounders and adjustment for overdispersion and serial correlation. In children, a 10th–90th percentile increase in sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels 4 days prior to consultation (13–31 μg/m3) was associated with a 24.5% increase in consultations (95% confidence interval: 14.6, 35.2; p &lt; 0.00001); a 10th–90th percentile increase in averaged ozone (O3) concentrations on the day of consultation and the preceding 3 days (6–29 parts per billion) was associated with a 37.6% rise (95% confidence interval: 23.3, 53.5; p &lt; 0.00001). For adults, smaller effect sizes were observed for SO2 and O3. The association with SO2 remained highly significant in the presence of other pollutants. This study suggests that air pollution worsens allergic rhinitis symptoms, leading to substantial increases in consultations. SO2 and O3 seem particularly responsible, and both seem to contribute independently.
VARSPLIC: alternatively-spliced protein sequences derived from
SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL
Authors: Kersey Paul , Hermjakob Henning , Apweiler Rolf 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: The program varsplic.pl uses information present in the SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL databases to create new records for alternatively spliced isoforms. These new records can be used in similarity searches.
Availability: The program is available at ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/software/swissprot/, together with regularly updated output files.
Contact: pkersey@ebi.ac.uk
To whom correspondence should be addressed.
ODNBase—a web database for antisense oligonucleotide
effectiveness studies
Authors: Giddings Michael C. , Matveeva Olga V. , Atkins John F. , Gesteland Raymond F. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: ODNBase is a database of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted to mammalian mRNAs that were reported in the literature. It includes the oligo sequences tested, the measured effectiveness, the RNA that was targeted, the type of measurement assay used, the oligo concentration applied, and the reference for each oligo. It provides a searchable interface by motif content, activity level, applied concentration and RNA name. Oligo lists matching search criteria can be downloaded in a spreadsheet compatible format.
Availability: The database is available at http://antisense.genetics.utah.edu/, by clicking the ‘ODNBase’ link.
Contact: giddings@genetics.utah.edu
Efficient primer design algorithms
Authors: Kämpke Thomas , Kieninger Markus , Mecklenburg Michael 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Primer design involves various parameters such as string-based alignment scores, melting temperature, primer length and GC content. This entails a design approach from multicriteria decision making. Values of some of the criteria are easy to compute while others require intense calculations.
Results: The reference point method was found to be tractable for trading-off between deviations from ideal values of all the criteria. Some criteria computations are based on dynamic programs with value iteration whose run time can be bounded by a low-degree polynomial. For designing standard PCR primers, the scheme offers in a relative gain in computing speed of up to \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(50\ :\ 1\) \end{document}over ad-hoc computational methods. Single PCR primer pairs have been used as model systems in order to simplify the quantization of the computational acceleration factors. The program has been structured so as to facilitate the analysis of large numbers of primer pairs with minor modifications. The scheme significantly increases primer design throughput which in turn facilitates the use of oligonucleotides in a wide range of applications including: multiplex PCR and other nucleic acid-based amplification systems, as well as in zip code targeting, oligonucleotide microarrays and nucleic acid-based nanoengineering.
Availability: A public version of the software DOPRIMER is accessible under http://doprimer.interactiva.de
Contact: kaempke@faw.uni-ulm.de