bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Phase‐Sensitive Reflectometry Based on Orthogonal Frequency‐Division Multiplexed LFM Signal in Fractional Fourier Domain
Authors: Zhao Can , Wang Li , Wu Hao , Tang Ming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLinear frequency modulated (LFM) phase‐sensitive optical time‐domain reflectometry (φ‐OTDR) relieves the trade‐off between sensing range and spatial resolution; however, it is still limited by low sidelobe suppression ratio and signal fading. Fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) is applied to LFM φ‐OTDR for signal generation and compression. An LFM pulse is generated using the p‐order FrFT of a direct current signal and then compressed using FrFT with order 1−p to achieve a high sidelobe suppression ratio. Orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing in the fractional Fourier domain is utilized to suppress signal fading. In experiments, fading‐free distributed phase measurement is realized using a multiplexed LFM probe pulse generated using a 0.4‐order FrFT. Dynamic sensing is demonstrated via single‐frequency or sweep‐frequency vibration, thereby validating high sensing performance. This work will not only open up a route for signal processing in LFM pulse based high‐performance φ‐OTDR, but also has significant potential for applications in other sensing systems using LFM signals.
Assessment of Axial Postural Abnormalities in Parkinsonism: Automatic Picture Analysis Software
Authors: Artusi Carlo Alberto , Geroin Christian , Imbalzano Gabriele , Camozzi Serena , Aldegheri Stefano , Lopiano Leonardo , Tinazzi Michele , Bombieri Nicola 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundSoftware‐based measurements of axial postural abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD) are the gold standard but may be time‐consuming and not always feasible in clinical practice. An automatic and reliable software to accurately obtain real‐time spine flexion angles according to the recently proposed consensus‐based criteria would be a useful tool for both research and clinical practice.ObjectiveWe aimed to develop and validate a new software based on Deep Neural Networks to perform automatic measures of PD axial postural abnormalities.MethodsA total of 76 pictures from 55 PD patients with different degrees of anterior and lateral trunk flexion were used for the development and pilot validation of a new software called AutoPosturePD (APP); postural abnormalities were measured in lateral and posterior view using the freeware NeuroPostureApp (gold standard) and compared with the automatic measurement provided by the APP. Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of camptocormia and Pisa syndrome were assessed.ResultsWe found an excellent agreement between the new APP and the gold standard for lateral trunk flexion (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.960, IC95% 0.913–0.982, P < 0.001), anterior trunk flexion with thoracic fulcrum (ICC 0.929, IC95% 0.846–0.968, P < 0.001) and anterior trunk flexion with lumbar fulcrum (ICC 0.991, IC95% 0.962–0.997, P < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 100% for detecting Pisa syndrome, 100% and 95.5% for camptocormia with thoracic fulcrum, 100% and 80.9% for camptocormia with lumbar fulcrum.ConclusionsAutoPosturePD is a valid tool for spine flexion measurement in PD, accurately supporting the diagnosis of Pisa syndrome and camptocormia.
The role of pain catastrophizing in pain perception among patients with rheumatoid arthritis without clinical signs of inflammation
Authors: Abe Takeo , Tamura Masao , Azuma Naoto , Matsui Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivePain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered to be associated with non‐inflammatory factors, including physical disabilities, psychiatric disorders, and pain catastrophizing (PC). PC is reportedly a key driver in the development of pain in patients with RA without clinical signs of inflammation; however, previous studies enroled patients with RA who were potentially in an inflammatory state. Hence, our aim was to investigate the role of PC as the possible link between pain, physical disabilities, and psychiatric disorders in patients with RA without clinical signs of inflammation.Materials and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 81 patients with RA without clinical signs of inflammation were included; all patients had serum C‐reactive protein levels <0.5 mg/dL, without any inflammatory joints. We examined the demographic and clinical data and administered the pain visual analogue scale (VAS), pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ‐DI), and patient version of the Brief Scale for Psychiatric Problems in Orthopaedic Patients (pBS‐POP). A series of multivariate‐adjusted multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between PC and pain intensity, physical disabilities, and psychiatric disorders.ResultsWe found associations between all the above‐mentioned variables in separate models with HAQ‐DI, pBS‐POP, and PCS scores. However, in the model associated with pain VAS, the PCS score (β = 0.34, p = 0.0073) emerged as the only variable showing a statistically significant association.ConclusionsPC is associated with pain in patients with RA without clinical signs of inflammation, and this association may be mediated through pathways involving physical disabilities and psychiatric disorders.
Effects of hypobaric hypoxia during a simulated ultra‐long‐haul flight on inflammation and regeneration after muscle trauma and muscle trauma‐hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Voss Joachim G. , Soulakova Julia N. , St. Pierre Schneider Barbara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsBecause wounded warfighters or trauma victims may receive en route care to the closest medical facility via airplane transport, we investigated the effects of extended mild hypobaric hypoxia (HB), the environmental milieu of most airplanes, on inflammation and regeneration after muscle trauma or monotrauma (MT) and muscle trauma‐hemorrhagic shock or polytrauma (PT).MethodsMale C57BL/6N mice were assigned to one of six groups pertaining to injury (control/uninjured, MT, and PT) and atmospheric pressure exposure (HB and normobaric normoxia, NB). Body mass, blood and muscle leukocyte number by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, or both, and the muscle relative mRNA level of selected genes involved in inflammation and muscle regeneration were examined at ~1.7, 4, 8, and 14 days post trauma (dpt). At 14 dpt, the proportion of smaller‐ and larger‐sized myofibers at the regenerating site of MT mice was determined.ResultsGreater body mass loss, an increased number of blood and muscle leukocytes, and differential muscle relative mRNA levels were observed in MT and PT groups compared to controls. The MT+HB or PT+HB mice demonstrated more body mass loss and altered relative mRNA level than the corresponding NB mice. Additionally, a subgroup of MT+HB mice demonstrated a greater proportion of smaller myofibers (250 to 500 μm2) than MT+NB mice at 14 dpt.DiscussionHB exposure after muscle trauma alone may prolong regeneration. Following HB exposure, therapies that promote oxygenation may be needed during this muscle recovery.
Utilizing machine learning and lipidomics to distinguish primary lateral sclerosis from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Lee Ikjae , Stingone Jeanette A. , Chan Robin Barry , Mitsumoto Hiroshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThere are currently no imaging or blood diagnostic biomarkers that can differentiate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) patients early in their disease courses. Our objective is to examine whether patients with PLS can be differentiated from ALS reliably by using plasma lipidome profile and supervised machine learning.Methods40 ALS and 28 PLS patients derived from the Multicenter Cohort study of Oxidative Stress (COSMOS) and 28 healthy control volunteers (CTR) were included. ALS, PLS, and CTR were matched by age and sex. Plasma samples were obtained after overnight fasting. Lipids were extracted from the plasma samples and analyzed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to obtain relative concentrations of 392 lipid species. The lipid data were partitioned into training and testing datasets randomly. An elastic net algorithm was trained using cross‐validation to classify PLS vs ALS and PLS vs CTR. Final accuracy was evaluated in the testing dataset.ResultsThe elastic net model trained with labeled PLS and ALS training lipid dataset demonstrated accuracy (number classified correctly/total number), sensitivity, and specificity of 100% in classifying PLS vs ALS in the unlabeled testing lipid dataset. Similarly, the elastic net model trained with labeled PLS and CTR training lipid datasets demonstrated accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 88% in classifying PLS vs CTR in the unlabeled testing lipid dataset.DiscussionOur study suggests PLS patients can be accurately distinguished from ALS and CTR by combining lipidome profile and supervised machine learning without clinical information.
Consistency of uroflowmetry analysis in children among observers
Authors: Sekerci Cagri Akin , Tanidir Yiloren , Tarcan Tufan , Yucel Selcuk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study is to compare the intra‐ and inter‐observer interpretations of the same uroflowmetry study at two different times.Materials and MethodsTwo‐hundred children with a voided volume of 50% above the expected bladder capacity were included. All traces were asked to be evaluated by 11 observers two times in a time span of 1 month. These observers consist of pediatric urologists (n = 2), pediatric urology fellows (n = 2), urology residents (n = 5), and certified urodynamics nurses (n = 2). Each uroflowmetry was asked to be assessed for three domains: voided volume (VV), detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), and flow curve pattern (FCP).ResultsOf the 200 patients with a median age of 10 (4–18) years, 128 (64%) were girls and 72 (36%) boys. The maximum flow rate and the median voided volume were found to be 20 (4–61) mL/s and 232 (116–781) mL. The Fleiss' kappa coefficient of VV, DSD, and FCP in the first assessment was 0.510, 0.501, and 0.346. In the second assessment, κ values were 0.530, 0.422, and 0.373. The best‐agreed findings were similar at both times. These were found to be low VV (0.602 and 0.626) and intermittent pattern (0.500 and 0.553). Interpreters were found to have a statistically significant difference in agreement with their own interpretation at different times.ConclusionBoth inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability of the agreement point out the problem in the standardization of uroflowmetry. Inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability of uroflowmetry interpretation can be increased by defining precise numbers and numerical algorithms.
Causal associations of sleep apnea and snoring with type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits and the role of BMI
Authors: Wang Jiao , Campos Adrian I. , García‐Marín Luis M. , Rentería Miguel E. , Xu Lin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveSleep apnea and snoring have been associated with type 2 diabetes, with BMI playing a role in the pathway, but the directions of causality are unclear. This study examined the causal associations of sleep apnea and snoring with type 2 diabetes while assessing the role of BMI using multiple genetic methods.MethodsFive genetic methods were used: two‐sample; bidirectional univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) inverse variance‐weighted (MR‐IVW); multivariable MR‐IVW; network MR; and latent causal variable method.ResultsCompared with univariable MR‐IVW, the odds ratio (95% CI) of type 2 diabetes for genetically predicted sleep apnea and snoring using the largest genome‐wide association study decreased dramatically, from 1.61 (95% CI: 1.16‐2.23) to 1.08 (95% CI: 0.59‐1.97) and from 1.98 (95% CI: 1.25‐3.13) to 1.09 (95% CI: 0.64‐1.86) after adjustment for BMI. Network MR showed that BMI accounts for 67% and 62% of the total effect of sleep apnea and snoring on type 2 diabetes, respectively. The latent causal variable suggested that sleep apnea and snoring have no direct causal effect on type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsThese results first suggest that the associations of sleep apnea and snoring with type 2 diabetes were mainly driven by BMI. The possible indirect effects of sleep apnea and snoring on type 2 diabetes through BMI cannot be ruled out.
Transverse Maxillary Deficiency Predicts Increased Upper Airway Collapsibility during Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy
Authors: Thuler Eric , Seay Everett G. , Woo John , Lee Jane , Jafari Niusha , Keenan Brendan T. , Dedhia Raj C. , Schwartz Alan R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between craniofacial skeletal anatomy and objective measures of pharyngeal collapse obtained during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy. We hypothesized that transverse maxillary deficiency and an increased pharyngeal length will be associated with higher levels of pharyngeal collapsibility.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis in a prospective cohort.SettingUniversity Hospital.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted in a cohort of consecutive patients from the positive airway pressure (PAP) alternatives clinic who underwent computed tomography (CT) analysis and drug‐induced sleep endoscopy for characterization of upper airway collapsibility. PAP titration was used to determine pharyngeal critical pressure (PCRIT) and pharyngeal opening pressure (PhOP). CT metrics included: Transverse maxillary dimensions (interpremolar and intermolar distances) and pharyngeal length (posterior nasal spine to hyoid distance).ResultsThe cohort (n = 103) of severe obstructive sleep apnea (Apnea and Hipopnea Index 32.1 ± 21.3 events/h) was predominantly male (71.8%), Caucasian (81.6%), middle‐aged (54.4 ± 14.3 years), and obese (body mass index [BMI] = 30.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2). Reduced transverse maxillary dimensions were associated with higher PCRIT (intermolar distance: β [95% confidence interval, CI] = −.25 [−0.14, −0.36] cmH2O/mm; p = .03) and PhOP (Interpremolar distance: β = −.25 [−0.14, −0.36] cmH2O/mm; p = .02). Longer pharyngeal length was also associated with higher PCRIT (β = .11 [0.08, 0.14] cmH2O/mm, p = .04) and PhOP (β [95% CI] = .06 [0.03, 0.09] cmH2O/mm, p = .04). These associations persisted after adjustments for sex, age, height, and BMI.ConclusionOur results further the concept that skeletal restriction in the transverse dimension and hyoid descent are associated with elevations in pharyngeal collapsibility during sleep, suggesting a role of transverse deficiency in the pathogenesis of airway obstruction.
Reduced Risk of Corporal Tumors in Patients With Head and Neck Paragangliomas With p.Pro81Leu Mutations
Authors: Miller Katherine M. , Sbeih Firas , Contrera Kevin , Reddy Chandana A. , Marquard Jessica , Eng Charis , Lorenz Robert R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivePatients with head and neck paragangliomas who are positive for the SDHD p.Pro81Leu (P81L) mutation are thought to have a distinct phenotype from other SDHx mutations, but few studies have focused on this mutation. The objective of this study was to determine the hazard of developing a second primary, metastatic, or recurrent paraganglioma in SDHx patients with or without P81L.Study DesignRetrospective chart review of 60 patients with head and neck paragangliomas and genetic testing, followed for a median of 9 years.SettingSingle academic medical center.MethodsUnivariable Cox proportional hazards regression evaluated second primary and recurrent paragangliomas in patients with SDHD P81L, SDHx non‐P81L, and nonhereditary paraganglioma.ResultsThis series comprised 31 patients without SDHx, 14 with SDHD P81L, and 15 with other SDHx mutations. At a median 9 years of follow‐up, corporal (not head and neck) second primary paragangliomas occurred in 31% of patients with SDHx non‐P81L mutations, compared with 0% and 4% of patients with SDHD P81L and without SDHx mutations, respectively. Second corporal paragangliomas were more likely in patients with SDHx non‐P81L mutations than in those without a mutation (hazard ratio = 5.461, 95% confidence interval: 0.596‐50.030, p = .13).ConclusionThis is the first study to report a lower likelihood of corporal tumors for patients with head and neck paragangliomas with SDH mutations positive for P81L. Larger studies are needed to determine if head and neck paraganglioma patients with P81L qualify for less intensive imaging surveillance to screen for second primary paragangliomas outside the head and neck.
Auditory Outcomes in Children Who Undergo Cochlear Implantation Before 12 Months of Age: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wu Shannon S. , Sbeih Firas , Anne Samantha , Cohen Michael S. , Schwartz Seth , Liu Yi‐Chun C. , Appachi Swathi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the literature to determine auditory outcomes of cochlear implantation in children ≤12 months old.Data SourcePubMed, EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 9/1/2021 using PRISMA guidelines.Review MethodsStudies analyzing auditory outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) in children ≤12 months of age were included. Non‐English studies and case reports were excluded. Outcome measures included functional and objective auditory results. Two independent reviewers evaluated each abstract and article. Heterogeneity and bias across studies were evaluated.ResultsOf 305 articles identified, 17 met inclusion criteria. There were 642 children ages 2 to 12 months at CI. The most common etiologies of hearing loss were congenital CMV, meningitis, idiopathic hearing loss, and GJB2 mutations and other genetic causes. All studies concluded that early CI was safe. Overall, outcomes improved following early CI: IT‐MAIS (9 studies), LittlEARS (4 studies), PTA (3 studies), CAP (3 studies), GASP (3 studies), and LNT (3 studies). Nine studies compared outcomes to an older implantation group (>12 months); of these (n = 450 early CI, n = 1189 late CI), 8 studies showed earlier CI achieved comparable or better auditory outcomes than later implantation, whereas 1 study (n = 120) concluded no differences in speech perception improvement.ConclusionAuditory outcomes were overall improved in children ≤12 months old undergoing CI. Studies that compared early to late CI demonstrated similar or better auditory outcomes in early implantation group. Given the comparable safety profile and critical time period of speech and language acquisition, earlier CI should be considered for infants with hearing loss.
Electrospun short nanofibers to improve damage resistance of carbon fiber composites
Authors: Shakil Usaid Ahmed , Abu Hassan Shukur , Yahya Mohd Yazid 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarbon composites are sensitive to matrix cracking, delamination, and fiber‐matrix debonding induced by external transverse loading. Such invisible damages demand frequent non‐destructive testing (NDT) owing to their tendency to propagate in brittle composites. Application of carbon composites in safety critical structures have urged researchers to design for superior damage resistance. Bulk modification of matrices through nanoparticles is one such technique that exploits high surface area and mechanical properties of nano‐reinforcements to engineer desired interfaces and improve mechanical properties. This study adopts the same technique to investigate effect of electrospun nylon 6 short nanofiber addition on damage resistance of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 wt% of epoxy) of short nanofibers were prepared to modify epoxy and fabricate carbon laminates. Quasi‐static indentation tests confirmed improvement of 8.7, 8.8, and 53% in peak force, displacement and elastic toughness of carbon composites at optimum nanofiber concentration (0.05 wt%). External damage area marginally improved though directional damage growth was suppressed. Delaminated area reduced by 12.6% at optimum nanofiber concentration. Suppression of compressive fiber failure and enhanced interlaminar bonding were credited to offer superior performance. In general, development of nanofiber‐rich zones declined the load bearing response above optimum concentration.
Belonging from the perspectives of individuals with disabilities: A scoping review
Authors: Raines Alexandra R. , Francis Grace L. , Fujita Megan , Macedonia Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBelonging is an individualized and complex phenomenon that is understudied among individuals with disabilities. Currently, there is an absence of voices of individuals with disabilities regarding their experiences and perspectives. This scoping review aimed to identify the extent, range, and nature of research on belonging from the experiences of individuals with disabilities between 1974 and 2020. Collectively, 4441 articles were screened and a total of 13 studies were extracted and fully reviewed. The authors present findings on variables related to belonging, positive influence of belonging, and barriers to belonging. Limitations and future research are discussed.
Predictors of depression among adolescents joining selected public secondary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Mokaya Aggrey G. , Kikuvi Gideon M. , Mutai Joseph , Khasakhala Lincoln I. , Memiah Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDepression is common among adolescents more so during the transition to secondary school, and the psychosocial and emotional changes that accompany adolescence. This study sought to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression among students joining public secondary schools in Nairobi County. The study was carried out at five selected public secondary schools in Nairobi County covering 539 students between the ages of 11 and 18 years. The Patient Health Questionnaire‐Adolescent version (PHQ‐A) was used to collect data on depression. For suicidal behavior, the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire‐revised version was used. The Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument was used to assess bullying victimization. These were augmented by a sociodemographic questionnaire. Depression prevalence rates were generated using a generalized linear model customized with a log link and a Poisson distribution for a common binary outcome. The prevalence of depression was found to be 14.5%, with a mean PHQ‐A score of 6.16 (SD = 3.16). Predictors of depression were suicide risk (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 3.07, confidence interval, CI [1.94–4.88]; p < .001) and lifetime alcohol use (aPR = 2.24, CI [1.36–3.68]; p = .001). Depression is prevalent among adolescents joining secondary schools in Nairobi County. Counselor‐led school‐based cognitive behavioral therapy could be a sustainable strategy for reducing depression symptoms and guiding preventive efforts among adolescents in this context.