bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-throughput, dynamic, multi-dimensional: an expanding repertoire of plant respiration measurements
Authors: O’Leary Brendan M , Scafaro Andrew P , York Larry M 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA recent burst of technological innovation and adaptation has greatly improved our ability to capture respiration rate data from plant sources. At the tissue level, several independent respiration measurement options are now available, each with distinct advantages and suitability, including high-throughput sampling capacity. These advancements facilitate the inclusion of respiration rate data into large-scale biological studies such as genetic screens, ecological surveys, crop breeding trials, and multi-omics molecular studies. As a result, our understanding of the correlations of respiration with other biological and biochemical measurements is rapidly increasing. Difficult questions persist concerning the interpretation and utilization of respiration data; concepts such as allocation of respiration to growth versus maintenance, the unnecessary or inefficient use of carbon and energy by respiration, and predictions of future respiration rates in response to environmental change are all insufficiently grounded in empirical data. However, we emphasize that new experimental designs involving novel combinations of respiration rate data with other measurements will flesh-out our current theories of respiration. Furthermore, dynamic recordings of respiration rate, which have long been used at the scale of mitochondria, are increasingly being used at larger scales of size and time to reflect processes of cellular signal transduction and physiological response to the environment. We also highlight how respiratory methods are being better adapted to different plant tissues including roots and seeds, which have been somewhat neglected historically.
The increasing relevance of immunobiology within a connected animal science curriculum
Authors: Meade Kieran G 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Modern technological agriculture emerged in the 20th century and has expanded into a global enterprise occupying approximately 38% of the Earth’s land area and accounting for over 40% of the world’s workforce. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that to feed a world population of 9-billion people in 2050 will require an almost doubling of overall food production, including meat, dairy, and egg production over 2010 levels. However, our collective ability to meet this demand cannot be taken for granted. Despite many successes, global agricultural systems now face multiple unprecedented challenges including a dearth of new treatments for livestock diseases. The discovery of antibiotics led to a complacency now reflected in a dependency on exogenous antimicrobials and a growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. Developments within the field of immunobiology had led to significant breakthroughs in understanding of human health and disease. However, despite over 60% of infectious diseases being zoonotic in nature and nonhuman animals acting as an important disease reservoir, research in livestock immunobiology has not been as resourced. As a direct result, recalcitrant animal diseases continue to threaten sustainability of animal production systems, security of the food chain and human health. It is within the context of collective One Health action that ambitious innovation in the connectivity of animal science undergraduate curricula is urgently required, specifically to include threshold concepts in immunobiology. Fostering transformative learning is critical to equip future generations of animal scientists with the knowledge and interdisciplinary skills to counter these existential challenges of our time.
The regulation of data-driven political campaigns in the EU: from data protection to specialized regulation
Authors: Brkan Maja 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Data-driven political campaigns that heavily rely on political microtargeting are becoming more and more widespread, both in Europe and globally. Over the past years, politicians running for office have globally relied on data about their voters to enhance the effectiveness of their political campaigns through profiling of voters and approaching them through targeted messages on social media. The article identifies the characteristics and uses of data-driven political campaigns and elaborates on the more general question of threats of these campaigns. Further, the article critically examines the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation that are the most relevant for this type of campaigns. In particular, the article focuses on the rules regarding the legal basis for processing of political opinions of voters and the provision on automated decision-making that offers limited possibilities for decision-making without human intervention. Moreover, the article examines the amended EU legislation on funding of European political parties that exhibits a clear focus on protection of voters’ data. Furthermore, the article considers recently adopted Digital Services Act and two recent EU legislative proposals that will regulate targeted political advertising, namely, the Proposal on transparency and the Recast of Regulation 1141/2014. Finally, the article concludes by addressing the evolution of the regulatory framework applicable to the data-driven political campaigns in the EU.
Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with significant fibrosis progression in NAFLD
Authors: Blomdahl Julia , Nasr Patrik , Ekstedt Mattias , Kechagias Stergios 
Published: January 2023

The effect of moderate alcohol consumption on NAFLD histology is disputed. Assessment of alcohol consumption is commonly performed with interview or questionnaires. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in blood is a highly sensitive and specific alcohol biomarker, which only forms in the presence of ethanol. PEth has hitherto not been evaluated in longitudinal NAFLD studies. This study aimed to examine the impact of moderate alcohol consumption on histologic progression and evaluate the utility of PEth in NAFLD. NAFLD patients with serial biopsies were reviewed for inclusion in the study. At baseline, all patients reported alcohol consumption <140 g/week. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed at baseline and follow-up. Alcohol consumption was assessed thoroughly at follow-up with clinical interview, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire, and analysis of PEth in whole blood. Eighty-two patients were included. Mean follow-up time was 17.2 years (SD±6.0). Patients with significant fibrosis progression (defined as progression of ≥2 stages or development of cirrhosis-related complications) reported higher alcohol consumption and had significantly higher PEth. Consumption >66–96 g/week (but <140 g) (i.e. moderate alcohol consumption) was associated with increased risk of significant fibrosis progression compared with no or low consumption. PEth ≥48 ng/mL and binge drinking showed the highest risk for significant fibrosis progression (aOR: 5.9; 95% CI: 1.6–21.4) and aOR: 5.1; 95% CI: 1.4–18.1, respectively). NAFLD patients consuming moderate amounts of alcohol are at increased risk for significant fibrosis progression and development of cirrhosis-related complications. PEth is a potential biomarker to assess harmful alcohol consumption in NAFLD. Patients reporting moderate consumption or exhibiting PEth ≥48 ng/mL should be advised to reduce alcohol consumption.
Psychosocial assessment in liver transplantation (LT): an analysis of short-term outcomes
Authors: Matthews Lindsay A. , Musto Jessica A. , Deiss-Yehiely Nimrod , Daniel Kimberly E. , Lightbourn Christina , Garvey Maureen , Osman Fay , Foley David P. , Rice John R. , Lucey Michael R. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Our research showed that patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) had more severe liver disease than those without a diagnosis of ALD yet were less likely to be selected for transplant listing due to their increased psychosocial vulnerability. This study aims to answer whether this vulnerability translates to worse short-term outcomes after transplant listing.

Methods:
A total of 187 patients were approved for liver transplant listing and are included in the present retrospective study. We collected dates of transplantation, retransplantation, death, and pathologic data for evidence of rejection, and reviewed alcohol biomarkers and documentation for evidence of alcohol use.

Results:
The ALD cohort had higher Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplant (SIPAT) scores (39.4 vs. 22.5, p <0.001) and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-Na scores (25.0 vs. 18.5, p <0.001) compared with the non-ALD cohort. Forty-nine (59.7%) subjects with ALD and 60 (57.1%, p =0.71) subjects without ALD subsequently received a liver transplant. Overall mortality was similar between the 2 groups (20.7% ALD vs. 21.0% non-ALD, p =0.97). Neither the SIPAT score (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–1.00, p =0.11) nor MELD-Na score (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95-1.02, p =0.40) were associated with mortality. Patients with ALD were more likely to have alcohol biomarkers tested both before (84.1% vs. 24.8% non-ALD, p <0.001) and after liver transplantation (74.0% vs. 16.7% non-ALD, p <0.001). SIPAT score was associated with alcohol use after listing (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.0–1.07, p =0.04), although a return to alcohol use was not associated with mortality (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 0.63–4.10, p =0.33).

Conclusion:
Patients with ALD had higher psychosocial risk compared with patients without a diagnosis of ALD who were placed on the waitlist, but had similar short-term outcomes including mortality, transplantation, and rejection. Although a high SIPAT score was predictive of alcohol use, in the short-term, alcohol use after transplant listing was not associated with mortality.
Xuanfei Baidu decoction, a Chinese herbal medicine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Li Tao , Zhao Min , Zhu Mingjun , Zhang Shixi , He Jiarong , Pan He , Shao Mingyi , Wang Zhen , Fu Yu , Li Ning , Zhao Long , Jin Xinyao , Yang Fengwen , Pang Wentai 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xuanfei Baidu decoction for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods:
Patients with COVID-19 were enrolled, and eligible patients were randomly allocated to three groups: group A (Xuanfei Baidu decoction combined with conventional treatment), group B (Ganlu Xiaodu decoction combined with conventional treatment), and group C (conventional treatment only). The duration of treatment was 14 days. The primary outcomes were the duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid testing from positive to negative and hospitalization days. The secondary outcome was the rate of symptom resolution. The safety outcome was drug-related adverse events.

Results:
In total, 103 patients with ordinary-type COVID-19 were included and randomly allocated to groups A (34 cases), B (35 cases), and C (34 cases). Duration for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing from positive to negative was shortest in group A [(9.88 ± 3.62) days], followed by groups C [(11.20 ± 2.93) days] and B [(12.69 ± 4.11) days]; differences between the three groups were statistically significant (P = 0.010). The number of hospitalization days was the least in group A [(14.00 ± 6.55) days], followed by groups B [(15.40 ± 4.02) days] and C [(16.38 ± 5.73) days], and differences between groups were statistically significant (P = 0.019). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of symptom resolution between groups (P > 0.05). No deaths or serious adverse events occurred in either of the groups.

Conclusion:
Considering the treatment of ordinary-type COVID-19, Xuanfei Baidu decoction can shorten the duration from a positive to negative SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test, as well as the duration of hospitalization. Moreover, there were no Xuanfei Baidu decoction-induced adverse reactions.

Graphical abstract:

http://links.lww.com/AHM/A44.
Genotypes and Phenotypes of Uygur Children With Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Qiu Yun , Wang Wei-Jia , Liang Jun-Qin , Yakeya Buwajieer , Wang Peng , Zhang Jing-Zhan , Kang Xiao-Jing 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive dermatosis caused by genetic defects of DNA repair. This study was performed to detect and analyze the genes of 2 Uygur patients with XP and their families and assess the patients’ phenotypes, which may enrich the understanding of the genetic skin disorder spectrum in Xinjiang area.

Methods:
We collected the clinical data from 2 patients with XP and peripheral blood samples from the patients and their family members. The patients’ DNA was sequenced and detected by Sanger sequencing, and gene mutations were screened.

Results:
The proband in family 1 presented with brown maculae at the exposure site and squamous cell carcinoma secondary to a facial rash. The proband had a homozygous nucleotide variation of XPC c.2251-2A> G (A change from A to G in the penultimate position of the intron before the 2251 position in the coding region), which was a shear mutation. In this family, both parents were heterozygous, and no similar mutation detected in the sister. In family 2, the proband had scattered black brown spots and papules on the trunk and limbs. and his younger sister was also a patient. The proband and his younger sister had homonucleotide variation of XPA c.631C> T, which was nonsense mutation, resulting in the codon for Arg No.211 being changed into termination codon (p.arg211X), thus terminating the peptide chain synthesis prematurely. All the normal individuals in the two families were heterozygotes, and homozygous mutations occurred in all the patients, which was consistent with the autosomal recessive inheritance.

Conclusion:
XP is rare in Uygur population. This study expanded the mutation spectrum of XP and provided a basis for early diagnosis, treatment, prognostic prediction, and prenatal genetic consultation.
A Comprehensive Sampling Study on SARS-CoV-2 Contamination of Air and Surfaces in a Large Meat Processing Plant Experiencing COVID-19 Clusters in June 2020
Authors: de Rooij Myrna M.T. , Sikkema Reina S. , Bouwknegt Martijn , de Geus Yvette , Stanoeva Kamelia R. , Nieuwenweg Sigrid , van Dam Adriana S.G. , Raben Ceder , Dohmen Wietske , Heederik Dick , Reusken Chantal , Meijer Adam , Koopmans Marion P.G. , Franz Eelco , Smit Lidwien A.M. 
Published: January 2023

Objective
We aimed to assess SARS-CoV-2 contamination of air and surfaces to gain insight into potential occupational exposure in a large meat processing plant experiencing COVID-19 clusters. Methods: Oro-nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 screening was performed in 76 workers. Environmental samples (n = 275) including air, ventilation systems, sewage, and swabs of high-touch surfaces and workers' hands were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Twenty-seven (35.5%) of the (predominantly asymptomatic) workers tested positive with modest to low viral loads (cycle threshold ≥ 29.7). Six of 203 surface swabs, 1 of 12 personal air samples, and one of four sewage samples tested positive; other samples tested negative. Conclusions: Although one third of workers tested positive, environmental contamination was limited. Widespread SARS-CoV-2 transmission via air and surfaces was considered unlikely within this plant at the time of investigation while strict COVID-19 control measures were already implemented.
Simultaneous treatment of two lung cancer lesions with stereotactic MR-guided adaptive radiation therapy: A case report
Authors: Chen Frank , Cheng Yuan-Kai , Chiang Chen-Han , Lu Tzu-Ying , Huang Chih-Jen 
Published: January 2023

Rationale:
Lung cancer is 1 of the most prevalent cancers globally. Definitive stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is suggested for those who are unfit for or refuse surgical intervention. Here we present a patient with 2 lung cancer lesions who received SABR simultaneously with magnetic resonance Linear accelerator (Linac)-magnetic resonance (MR).

Patient concerns:
A 46-years-old man had history of left lower lung cancer post lobectomy in 2018. Two recurrent tumors were found 2 years following, then became enlarged 4 months later.

Diagnoses:
The recurrent tumors were found by computed tomography.

Interventions:
SABR was indicated due to inoperability and small size. Simulation was done both by computed tomography and MR scan with ViewRay MRIdian Linac, with the prescription dose being 50 gray in 4 fractions performed every other day within 2 weeks. The 2 lesions were irradiated at the same time with a single isocenter with mean treatment time was 78 minutes.

Outcomes:
No acute side effect was noted. Follow-up chest computed tomography scan 14 months after SABR showed mild consolidation and pneumonitis over the upper irradiated site favoring radiation-related reasons, while pneumonitis was resolved over the lower irradiated site. Positron emission tomography showed no definite evidence of FDG-avid recurrence. The patient has survived over 18 months following SABR and more than 4 years from the first diagnosis of lung cancer without significant adverse effects.

Lessons:
Simultaneous SABR for multiple lung lesions is quite challenging because tumor motion by breathing can increase the risk of missing the target. With help by MR-Linac, simultaneous SABR to multiple lung lesions can be performed safely with efficacy.
Caregiver Perceptions of an Interdisciplinary Intensive Therapy Program: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hall Jamie B. , Chole Dana , Pruitt Taylor C. , Linkeman Kylie 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To explore perceptions of caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental conditions participating in an interdisciplinary intensive therapy program.

Methods:
Semi-structured interviews were completed with caregivers. The intensive program consisted of occupational, physical, and/or speech therapy 3 to 6.5 hours/day, 3 to 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Team-based collaborative goal setting was used to determine each child's plan of care. Reflexive thematic analysis identified interview themes.

Results:
Thirteen caregivers participated. Children ranged in age from 6 to 13 years; diagnoses included cerebral palsy (n = 10), spina bifida (n = 1), ataxia (n = 1), and stroke (n = 1). An overarching theme of Immersive was identified; other themes included Everybody's Empowered, Principles of Neuroplasticity, Progress Across the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health) Framework, It Takes a Team, and Benefits Outweigh the Challenges.

Conclusions:
Caregivers valued interdisciplinary intensive therapy. For children with complex rehabilitation needs, an interdisciplinary, intensive therapy program may be a viable alternative to traditional therapy models for service delivery.
Relationship between phantom limb pain, function, and psychosocial health in individuals with lower-limb loss
Authors: Gunterstockman Brittney M. , Knight Ashley D. , Mahon Caitlin E. , Childers W. Lee , Cagle Tyler , Hendershot Brad D. , Farrokhi Shawn 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
The adverse influence of chronic pain on function and psychological health in the general population is well understood. However, the relationship between phantom limb pain (PLP) after limb loss with function and psychological health is less clear. The study purpose was to assess the influences of PLP presence and intensity on function and psychosocial health in individuals with lower-limb loss (LLL).

Methods:
One hundred two individuals with major LLL completed a study-specific questionnaire on the presence and intensity of their PLP. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System —29 questionnaire was also administered.

Results:
Of 102 participants, 64% reported PLP, with a mean intensity of 4.8 ± 2.3 out of 10. Individuals with vs. without PLP demonstrated significantly greater sleep disturbances (p = 0.03), whereas the differences in function, fatigue, pain interference, depressive symptoms, anxiety, or ability to participate in social roles and activities were not statistically different between groups (p > 0.05). Of note, mean scores for many of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System—29 short forms among the current sample were similar to the mean of the general population, minimizing the potential clinical impact of PLP on these domains.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate a lack of meaningful associations between PLP presence or intensity with function, and psychosocial health among individuals with LLL. These findings conflict with previous research suggesting an adverse relationship between PLP, function, and psychosocial health after limb loss.
PET/CT Reveals Localized Inflammation in the Temporal, Vertebral, and Lower Extremity Arteries in Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Kawamata Nozomi , Abe Yoshiyuki , Makiyama Ayako , Ashizawa Karin , Tamura Naoto 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

18F-FDG PET/CT is increasingly being used in the diagnosis of systemic vasculitis syndromes, especially large-vessel vasculitis. We present a case of giant cell arteritis in an 84-year-old man who exhibited large-vessel lesions in the periphery but none in the trunk. This case highlights the usefulness of PET/CT for revealing localized inflammation.
PLATELET SUPPRESSION BY TIROFIBAN AMELIORATES PULMONARY COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYSIS ABNORMALITIES IN THE LUNGS OF MOUSE ANTIBODY-MEDIATED TRANSFUSION-RELATED ACUTE LUNG INJURY
Authors: Yuan Xin , Jiang Peng , Qiao CongChao , Su Na , Sun Pan , Lin Fangzhao , Li Changqing 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the ameliorating effects of the platelet surface glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist tirofiban on coagulation and fibrinolytic abnormalities in a mouse model of antibody-mediated transfusion-associated acute lung injury (ALI). This is important because ALI is a major cause of death attributable to the occurrence of adverse transfusion reactions. No information on a definite diagnosis or pathological mechanism exists, and targeted treatment options are not available. In this study, wild-type male Balb/c mice aged 8 to 10 weeks were randomly divided into the TRALI model, blank control, tirofiban intervention, and isotype control groups. After different treatment exposures, the mice were observed for 2 h before being killed, and lung tissue samples were collected. To explore the intervention effect of tirofiban, the degree of lung injury was quantified by estimating the lung wet/dry ratio, rectal temperature, survival rate, total protein, and myeloperoxidase and via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Furthermore, the coagulation, anticoagulation, and fibrinolysis assays were measured by automatic coagulation instrument and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, and the fluorescence densities of platelets and fibrin were quantified using immunofluorescence to analyze the effects of tirofiban on the platelet and fibrin interactions of TRALI. Compared with the TRALI model group, the lung injury indices in the tirofiban intervention group decreased significantly, and survival rates also improved. Furthermore, the level of coagulation and fibrinolytic abnormalities were obviously lower than those in the TRALI model group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that tirofiban might interfere with TRALI by inhibiting platelet activation and improving coagulation and fibrinolytic abnormalities.