bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resultados a corto plazo del tratamiento de fracturas de cadera en población infantil
Authors: Hodgson Ovalle Felipe , Moller Francesca , Angulo Manuela , Figueroa Maria-Jesus , Gündel Alejandro , Cañete Ismael 
Published: December 2022

Resumen
Introducción Las fracturas del fémur proximal pediátricas son infrecuentes, se asocian a traumas de alta energía, y presentan complicaciones devastadoras. La mayoría de los casos se tratan en forma quirúrgica utilizando diversos tipos de fijación. El objetivo de este estudio es reportar los resultados de una serie de casos de pacientes quirúrgicos en dos hospitales de referencia en Chile.
Materiales y métodos Serie de casos tratados entre el 2004y el 2018, en la que se incluyeron pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de fractura de fémur proximal que fueron operados. Se realizó estadística descriptiva de las variables demográficas, la energía del accidente, la clasificación según Delbet, el tipo de tratamiento, la técnica de osteosíntesis, la aparición de complicaciones, y la evaluación clínico-radiológica.
Resultados Se evaluaron 17 casos, de los cuales un 76,5% fueron secundarios a accidentes de alta energía. La mediana de edad de la muestra fue de 7 años, y había un 58,8% de niñas. Hubo 3 casos de tipo II en la clasificación de Delbet, 9 de tipo III, y 5 de tipo IV. Como método de fijación, se utilizaron tornillos canulados (9 casos), placa de compresión de bloqueo (locking compression plate, LCP, en inglés; 5 casos), tornillo dinámico de cadera (dynamic hip screw, DHS, en inglés; 2 casos), y placa de compresión dinámica (dynamic compression plate, DCP, en inglés; 1 caso). La mediana de seguimiento fue de 2,3 años (rango: 0,5 a 12,8 años). Se presentaron complicaciones: coxa vara en un caso, y discrepancia de longitud de extremidades inferiores en otro caso, y no hubo osteonecrosis. Se realizó retiro de osteosíntesis en siete pacientes. Se obtuvieron buenos resultados en todos los pacientes según los criterios de Ratliff.
Conclusiones La mayoría de las fracturas se asociaron a traumas de alta energía, siendo el tipo más frecuente el III de Delbet. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados en forma quirúrgica, con buenos resultados, sin observar osteonecrosis.Nivel de evidencia: 4.
Association between Genitourinary and Congenital Heart Defects: A 52-year Case-Control Study of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC)
Authors: Fernandez Nicolas , Varela Daniela , Villanueva Juliana , Lopez Camelo Jorge , Zarante Ignacio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Congenital urological anomalies are present in 4.3/10 thousand newborns, and their association with other anomalies may increase the overall mortality and disability. The present study establishes the risk of having congenital urological anomalies presenting associated cardiopathies.

Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control study using the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas, ECLAMC, in Spanish). The analysis included all registered cases of congenital urological malformation from 1967 to 2019. Patients with or without associated heart defects were included for the statistical analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). We compared the variables with the Chi-squared test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) software, version 27.0. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results A total of 7,767,161 newborns were evaluated, and 17,834 genital and upper urinary tract malformations were identified. Of these, 64.2% were genital anomalies, and 35.8% were abnormalities of the upper urinary tract. Genitourinary malformations and concomitant congenital heart defects (GU + C) were observed in 3.5% of the cases. Subjects with GU + C had a higher number of malformations (4.59 ± 2.3) than patients without heart defects (1.53 ± 1.58) (p < 0.000). The OR was of 3.61 (range: 1.86–7.00) for cloacal exstrophy, of 4.01 (range: 3.14–5.12) for imperforate anus, of 5.52 (range: 3.92–7.78) for horseshoe kidney, and of 13.7 (range: 6.65–28.22) for trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) with malformations of the upper urinary tract.
Conclusion The association of congenital heart defects with urological anomalies is higher for complex congenital anomalies such as imperforate anus, cloacal exstrophy, and horseshoe kidney. Patients with urological abnormalities and Down syndrome have the highest likelihood.
Prevalencia de portación nasal de Staphylococcus aureus sensible y resistente a la meticilina en candidatos a artroplastia total de cadera o rodilla
Authors: Dabed David , Valenzuela Joaquín , Salgado Martín , Carmona Maximiliano 
Published: December 2022

Resumen
Introducción Las infecciones perioperatorias en cirugía de reemplazo articular son fuente importante de morbimortalidad, así como de altos costos económicos y sociales, tanto para el paciente como para su entorno. La colonización preoperatoria por Staphylococcus aureus ha sido reconocida como un factor de riesgo importante para desarrollar una infección de sitio quirúrgico.El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la prevalencia de portación nasal de S. aureus, tanto sensible a la meticilina (SASM) como resistente a la meticilina (SARM), en pacientes candidatos a cirugía de reemplazo articular de cadera o rodilla.
Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional de una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con indicación de artroplastia total de cadera (ATC) y rodilla (ATR) electiva por artrosis severa en un hospital público de Chile. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a tamizaje preoperatorio de portación, cultivándose muestras obtenidas mediante hisopado de ambas fosas nasales. Los datos del laboratorio fueron recopilados y presentados como porcentaje de portación de S. aureus.
Resultados Se estudiaron 303 pacientes consecutivos de ATC y 343 de ATR. En total, 483 de los 646 pacientes (74,7%) tuvieron estudio preoperatorio de portación nasal. Se identificaron 123 pacientes (25,4%) portadores de S. aureus, de los cuales sólo 2 (0,41%) casos correspondieron a SARM.
Conclusión La prevalencia de portación nasal de S. aureus obtenida fue de 25%, similar a lo reportado en otras series. La prevalencia de SARM (0.41%), sin embargo, estuvo bajo lo descrito en la literatura internacional (0,6–6%). Sería de utilidad, dada la alta prevalencia de portación descrita en nuestro trabajo y de acuerdo a evidencia publicada recientemente, realizar protocolos de descolonización universales, sin necesidad de realizar tamizaje preoperatorio.
Quantum transport in graphene nanoribbon networks: complexity reduction by a network decimation algorithm
Authors: Rodemund Tom Simon , Teichert Fabian , Hentschel Martina , Schuster Jörg 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study electronic quantum transport (QT) in graphene nanoribbon (GNR) networks on mesoscopic length scales. We focus on zigzag GNRs and investigate the conductance properties of statistical networks. To this end we use a density-functional-based tight-binding model to determine the electronic structure and QT theory to calculate electronic transport properties. We then introduce a new efficient network decimation algorithm that reduces the complexity in generic three-dimensional GNR networks. We compare our results to semi-classical calculations based on the nodal analysis (NA) approach and discuss the dependence of the conductance on network density and network size. We show that a NA model cannot reproduce the QT results nor their dependence on model parameters well. Thus, solving the quantum network by our efficient approach is mandatory for accurate modelling the electron transport through GNR networks.
A new understanding of electron affinity of –OCH3 substituent groups based on single molecular conductance
Authors: Wang Ruixia , Zhou Jianghao , Wang Xu , Guo Jing , Qian Gongmin , Li Yuanchuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To employ substituent groups to modulate the electronic properties of organic molecules as predicted, learning about their electron affinity is an important prerequisite. Herein, we used conventional electron-donating/withdrawing (ED/EW) substituent groups -OMe/-COOMe to modify TB, finding the resulting molecules OTB and CTB both demonstrated lower molecular conductance than TB. Current-voltage modeling and DFT calculation reveal –OCH3 demonstrated EW features instead of ED characteristics, which was supported by energy gap simulation and light emission as pulsed 365 nm light. This phenomenon was rarely observed, highlighting the importance of substituent groups’ electron affinity investigation in conductance based organic electronics.
Highly stable Ga-doped ZnO/polystyrene nanocomposite film with narrow-band cyan emission
Authors: Alamdari Sanaz , Tafreshi Majid Jafar , Ghamsari Morteza Sasani 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the present study, a simple method for the preparation of a luminescent flexible gallium doped zinc oxide (GZO)/polystyrene nanocomposite film was developed. The prepared GZO powder was characterized through different optical and structural techniques. The XRD study revealed the existence of a wurtzite structure with no extra oxide peaks. Elemental-mapping, EDX, FTIR and XPS analyses were used to confirm the presence of elements and the several groups present in the structure. Under excitations of UV, the prepared hybrid nanocomposite showed a strong cyan emission with narrow full width at half the maximum value (20 nm) that has not been reported before. X-ray and laser-induced luminescence results of the hybrid film revealed novel blue-green emission at room temperature. The prepared composite film showed a strong scintillation response to ionizing radiation. The strong emissions, very weak deep-level emissions, and low FWHM of composite indicate the desirable optical properties with low-density structural defects in the GZO composite structure. Therefore, the prepared hybrid film can be considered to be a suitable candidate for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices.
Discrimination of dislocations in 4H-SiC by inclination angles of molten-alkali etched pits
Authors: Yang Guang , Luo Hao , Li Jiajun , Shao Qinqin , Wang Yazhe , Zhu Ruzhong , Zhang Xi , Song Lihui , Zhang Yiqiang , Xu Lingbo , Cui Can , Pi Xiaodong , Yang Deren , Wang Rong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Discrimination of dislocations is critical to the statistics of dislocation densities in 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC), which are routinely used to evaluate the quality of 4H-SiC single crystals and homoepitaxial layers. In this work, we show that the inclination angles of the etch pits of molten-alkali etched 4H-SiC can be adopted to discriminate threading screw dislocations (TSDs), threading edge dislocations (TEDs) and basal plane dislocations (BPDs) in 4H-SiC. In n-type 4H-SiC, the inclination angles of the etch pits of TSDs, TEDs and BPDs in molten-alkali etched 4H-SiC are in the ranges of 27°−35°, 8°−15° and 2°−4°, respectively. In semi-insulating 4H-SiC, the inclination angles of the etch pits of TSDs and TEDs are in the ranges of 31°−34° and 21°−24°, respectively. The inclination angles of dislocation-related etch pits are independent of the etching duration, which facilitates the discrimination and statistic of dislocations in 4H-SiC. More significantly, the inclination angle of a threading mixed dislocations (TMDs) is found to consist of characteristic angles of both TEDs and TSDs. This enables to distinguish TMDs from TSDs in 4H-SiC.
Quantifying electron cyclotron power deposition broadening in DIII-D and the potential consequences for the ITER EC system
Authors: Slief J.H. , van Kampen R.J.R. , Brookman M.W. , van Dijk J. , Westerhof E. , van Berkel M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The injection of electron cyclotron (EC) waves fulfills a number of important tasks in nuclear fusion devices for which detailed knowledge of the spatial power deposition profile is critical. This deposition profile is commonly determined using forward models such as beam or ray tracing. Recent numerical and experimental studies have shown that small-angle scattering of the EC beam as it passes through the turbulent plasma edge can cause significant broadening of the effective deposition profile, leading to considerable underestimation of the deposition width by forward methods. However, traditional inverse methods to determine the deposition profile from measurements overestimate the deposition profile width due to transport broadening. In this work, we implement three novel methods to resolve the EC power deposition profile from measurements that counteract transport broadening by simultaneously resolving transport and power deposition. We validate their assumptions and compare the results from these methods to the traditional break-in-slope method as well as to the TORAY ray-tracing code in a set of DIII-D discharges spanning five different confinement modes. We show that the four different inverse methods, novel and established, paint a consistent picture of deposition broadening. Specifically, we show that the measured power deposition profile is between 1.6 and 3.6 times wider than the TORAY profiles. Moreover, we show the considerable consequences that this level of broadening can have for ITER.
Timing properties of blue-emitting scintillating fibers
Authors: Bravar A. , Demets Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Scintillating fibers are widely used in particle detectors, mainly for tracking. We have
studied the properties and have compared the performance of different blue-emitting 250 μm
diameter round double-clad scintillating fibers from Kuraray and Saint-Gobain. Here we focus on
the properties of the fibers over short lengths (< 50 cm), in particular on their timing
performances. We report on the light yield and attenuation, scintillation light decay time and
the achievable time resolution.
An attention-based LSTM model for long-term runoff forecasting and factor recognition
Authors: Han Dongyang , Liu Pan , Xie Kang , Li He , Xia Qian , Cheng Qian , Wang Yibo , Yang Zhikai , Zhang Yanjun , Xia Jun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning-based models such as long short-term memory (LSTM) models have shown much promise in forecasting long-term runoff by mapping pathways between large-scale climate patterns and catchment runoff responses without considering physical processes. The recognition of key factors plays a vital role and thus affects the performance of the model. However, there is no conclusion on which recognition algorithm is the most suitable. To address this issue, an LSTM model combined with two attention mechanisms both in the input and hidden layers, namely AT-LSTM, is proposed for long-term runoff forecasting at Yichang and Pingshan stations in China. The added attention mechanisms automatically assign weights to 130 climate phenomenon indexes, avoiding the use of subjectively set recognition algorithms. Results show that the AT-LSTM model outperforms the Pearson’s correlation based LSTM model in terms of four evaluation metrics for monthly runoff forecasting. Further, the set indirect runoff prediction method verifies that the AT-LSTM model also performs effectively in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration forecasting, and the indirect runoff prediction is inferior to the AT-LSTM model to establish a direct link between climate factors and runoff. Finally, four key factors related to runoff are identified by the attention mechanism and their impacts on runoff are analyzed on intra- and inter-annual scales. The proposed AT-LSTM model can effectively improve the accuracy of long-term forecasting and identify the dynamic influence of input factors.
Lower bounds for Mahler-type measures of polynomials
Authors: Dubickas Artūras , Pritsker Igor 
Published: December 2022

In this note we consider various generalizations of the classical Mahler measureM(P)=exp⁡(12π∫02πlog⁡|P(eiθ)dθ)M(P)=\exp \left (\frac {1}{2\pi }\int _0^{2\pi } \log |P(e^{i\theta })\,d\theta \right )for complex polynomialsPP, and prove sharp lower bounds for them. For example, we show that for any monic polynomialP∈C[z]P \in {\mathbb {C}}[z]satisfying|P(0)|=1|P(0)|=1the quantityM0(P)=exp⁡(12π∫02πmax(0,log⁡|P(eiθ)|)dθ)M_0(P) = \exp \left (\frac {1}{2\pi }\int _0^{2\pi } \max (0,\log |P(e^{i\theta })|)\,d\theta \right )is greater than or equal toM(1+z1+z2)=1.381356…M(1+z_1+z_2)=1.381356\dots. This inequality is best possible, with equality being attained for allP(z)=zn+cP(z)=z^n+cwithn∈Nn \in \mathbb {N}and|c|=1|c|=1.
On congruences involving Apéry numbers
Authors: Xia Wei , Sun Zhi-Wei 
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we mainly establish a congruence for a sum involving Apéry numbers, which was conjectured by Z.-W. Sun. Namely, for any prime

p
>
3

p>3

and positive odd integer

m
m

, we prove that there is a

p
p

-adic integer

c
m

c_m

only depending on

m
m

such that

∑

k
=
0

p
−
1

(
2
k
+
1

)

m

(
−
1

)
k

A
k

≡

c
m

p

(

p
3

)

(
mod

p
3

)
,

\begin{equation*} \sum _{k=0}^{p-1}(2k+1)^{m}(-1)^kA_k\equiv c_mp\left (\frac {p}{3}\right )\pmod {p^3}, \end{equation*}

where

A
k

=

∑

j
=
0

k

(

k
j

)

2

(

k
+
j

j

)

2

A_k=\sum _{j=0}^{k}\binom {k}{j}^2\binom {k+j}{j}^2

is the Apéry number and

(

.
p

)

(\frac {.}{p})

is the Legendre symbol.
Territoriality varies across elevation in a Hawaiian songbird
Authors: Names Gabrielle R , Hahn Thomas P , Wingfield John C , Hunt Kathleen E 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReproductive territoriality can be influenced by external and internal variables. Trade-offs between reproductive behaviors and other costly biological processes, such as immunity, exist across taxa, but the effects of novel diseases on these trade-offs remain poorly understood. Since the introduction of avian malaria to Hawaii in the early 1900s, low elevation Hawaii Amakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens) populations, which have undergone strong selection by the disease, have evolved increased malaria resilience. However, the effects of malaria selection on trade-offs between immunity and reproduction in Amakihi remain largely unknown. To begin exploring this relationship, we conducted simulated territorial intrusions on Amakihi at low elevation (where malaria selection has been stronger) and high elevation (where selection has been weaker) on Hawaii Island during the breeding season. We hypothesized that selection by avian malaria has favored greater investment in avian malaria resilience at the cost of reproductive behaviors. We predicted that low elevation Amakihi would be less territorial compared with high elevation Amakihi, while recognizing that variables other than disease pressures that may differ across elevation (e.g., competition, predation) could explain behavioral variation. Territoriality was reduced in low compared with high elevation Amakihi as measured by proximity and chases in response to the intrusion. Low elevation Amakihi generally flew less than high elevation individuals, although this relationship varied across the breeding season. Our correlational results demonstrate that territoriality is greater in high compared with low elevation Amakihi. Further investigations would help determine which factors differing across elevation underlie this variation in territoriality.
Eyes on the future: buffering increased costs of incubation by abandoning offspring
Authors: Hanssen Sveinn Are , Erikstad Kjell Einar , Sandvik Hanno , Tveraa Torkild , Bustnes Jan Ove 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLife history theory states that the resources invested in current reproduction must be traded off against resources needed for survival and future reproduction. Long-lived organisms have a higher residual reproductive value and are therefore expected to be sensitive to reproductive investments that may reduce survival and future reproduction. Individuals within a population may vary in phenotypic quality, experience, access to resources etc. This may affect their optimal reproductive investment level. In this study we manipulated reproductive costs by shortening and extending the incubation period in common eiders Somateria mollissima without altering clutch size. Females whose incubation time was prolonged experimentally, suffered higher mass loss and increased clutch loss/nest desertion. These females were also more prone to abandon their brood after hatching. Both clutch loss and brood abandonment decreased with clutch size in all treatment categories, indicating higher phenotypic quality and/or better access to resources for females producing more eggs. However, although females with prolonged incubation were lighter at hatching, their return rate and breeding performance in the following year were unaffected. These results show that individual quality as expressed through clutch size and body mass is affecting current reproductive investment level as well as future survival and breeding performance. The results also show that individual birds are sensitive to changes in their own condition, and when reproductive effort is approaching a level where survival or future survival may be compromised, they respond by terminating their current reproductive attempt.
SHINE: protein language model-based pathogenicity prediction for short inframe insertion and deletion variants
Authors: Fan Xiao , Pan Hongbing , Tian Alan , Chung Wendy K , Shen Yufeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Accurate variant pathogenicity predictions are important in genetic studies of human diseases. Inframe insertion and deletion variants (indels) alter protein sequence and length, but not as deleterious as frameshift indels. Inframe indel Interpretation is challenging due to limitations in the available number of known pathogenic variants for training. Existing prediction methods largely use manually encoded features including conservation, protein structure and function, and allele frequency to infer variant pathogenicity. Recent advances in deep learning modeling of protein sequences and structures provide an opportunity to improve the representation of salient features based on large numbers of protein sequences. We developed a new pathogenicity predictor for SHort Inframe iNsertion and dEletion (SHINE). SHINE uses pretrained protein language models to construct a latent representation of an indel and its protein context from protein sequences and multiple protein sequence alignments, and feeds the latent representation into supervised machine learning models for pathogenicity prediction. We curated training data from ClinVar and gnomAD, and created two test datasets from different sources. SHINE achieved better prediction performance than existing methods for both deletion and insertion variants in these two test datasets. Our work suggests that unsupervised protein language models can provide valuable information about proteins, and new methods based on these models can improve variant interpretation in genetic analyses.