bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The levels and related factors of posttraumatic growth among nurses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Luo Zhipeng , Liao Xinqi , Zeng Yanli , Zhou Jing , Liu Minyan , Yao Yue , Tian Jie , Luo Wanting 
Published: September 2023

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Nurses often encounter traumatic events in their clinical practice.

Trauma can have both negative effects, such as post‐traumatic stress disorder and positive effects, such as growth and positive emotions.

Posttraumatic growth is beneficial for nurses, as it contributes to positive mental health outcomes and increases life satisfaction.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Our study confirms that nurses commonly experience posttraumatic growth after being exposed to traumatic events, and the level of growth is moderate.

We have identified individual, work‐related, and social and organizational factors that may influence the occurrence of posttraumatic growth among nurses.

What are the implications for practice?

Our findings provide valuable insights for interventions aimed at promoting posttraumatic growth among nurses. It is crucial to consider individual factors, work‐related factors, and social and organizational factors when designing these interventions. By addressing these factors, healthcare professionals can support nurses in coping with trauma and facilitate their posttraumatic growth.

AbstractIntroductionWhile the negative effects of trauma on nurses have been well‐documented, it is equally important to focus on ways to promote posttraumatic growth (PTG) among nurses.AimThis study aims to explore the levels and related factors of PTG among nurses.MethodA comprehensive search was conducted across nine databases up to 26 December 2022. The pooled mean score for PTG was calculated and presented with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses were performed to identify potential moderators of PTG among nurses.ResultsA total of 55 studies, involving 35,621 nurses from 11 countries and regions, were included in this review. The pooled scores of the PTG indicated that nurses experienced a moderate level of PTG (55.69, 95% CI: 50.67–60.72).DiscussionNurses commonly experience PTG following exposure to traumatic events, with a moderate level of PTG. Our systematic review highlights the potential determinants of PTG among nurses, including individual, work‐related, and social and organizational factors.Implications for PracticeTargeting these factors in interventions can provide nurses with the necessary resources and support to effectively cope with stress and trauma, and potentially facilitate PTG.
Abnormal prefrontal functional network in adult obstructive sleep apnea: A resting‐state fNIRS study
Authors: Mingming Zhao , Wenhong Chen , Xiaoying Mo , Yang Jianrong , Liu Howe(Hao) , Lingli Shi , Hongwu Ma , Zhirong Jiang 
Published: September 2023

SummaryTo assess prefrontal brain network abnormality in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), resting‐state functional near infrared spectroscopy (rs‐fNIRS) was used to evaluate 52 subjects, including 27 with OSA and 25 healthy controls (HC). The study found that patients with OSA had a decreased connection edge number, particularly in the connection between the right medial frontal cortex (MFG‐R) and other right‐hemisphere regions. Graph‐based analysis also revealed that patients with OSA had a lower global efficiency, local efficiency, and clustering coefficient than the HC group. Additionally, the study found a significant positive correlation between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and both the connection edge number and the graph‐based indicators in patients with OSA. These preliminary results suggest that prefrontal rs‐fNIRS could be a useful tool for objectively and quantitatively assessing cognitive function impairment in patients with OSA.
Obesity alters immunopathology in cancers and inflammatory diseases
Authors: Zhang Xiaofen , Gao Li , Meng Haiyang , Zhang Ailing , Liang Yan , Lu Jingli 
Published: September 2023

SummaryObesity is characterized by chronic low‐grade inflammation and is strongly associated with multiple immunological diseases, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Recent animal studies revealed that obesity‐induced immunological changes worsen immune‐driven diseases and cause resistance to immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the role of obesity in the immunopathology and treatment responses of cancers, respiratory and allergic diseases, and IL‐17‐mediated inflammatory diseases. We summarize the unique features of the inflammatory state of these diseases, which are orchestrated by obesity. In particular, obesity alters the immune landscape in cancers with a reprogrammed metabolic profile of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells. Obesity exacerbates airway inflammation by dysregulating multiple immune‐cell subsets. Obesity also dysregulates Th17, IL‐17‐producing mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT), and γδ T cells, which contribute to IL‐17‐mediated inflammatory response in multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. By identifying the effects of obesity on immunological diseases, new strategies could be devised to target immune dysregulation caused by obesity.
Looking for relief: Developing and testing the emotion‐regulation explanation of selective exposure to political information
Authors: Kiil Filip 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThough selective exposure is immensely important for the functioning of democracy, no consensus exists as to its cause. The most frequently assumed causal explanation is cognitive dissonance avoidance, but direct empirical tests of this explanation are incredibly rare and have generally not been supportive. Furthermore, although cognitive dissonance avoidance concerns regulation of emotional states, this explanation has not yet been integrated with the newest research on emotion‐regulation processes and their role in shaping political attitudes and behavior. I perform such a theoretical integration and derive testable implications of the emotion‐regulation account of the role of cognitive dissonance in shaping selective exposure. I test these together with expectations derived from an alternative explanation (informational utility), in two, original, preregistered survey experiments with 4864 U.S. adults combined. I consistently find support for the emotion‐regulation account in experimental tests and in two out of three observational analyses. The alternative explanation of informational utility finds support in observational analyses, but not in the experimental tests. The study provides the first experimental evidence linking emotion regulation and selective exposure and suggests that people do, indeed, select like‐minded sources to downregulate negative emotion.
Safety and efficacy of one and two booster doses of SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines in kidney transplant recipients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Drenko Petr , Kacer Martin , Kielberger Lukas , Vlas Tomas , Topolcan Ondrej , Kucera Radek , Reischig Tomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplant recipients are at risk for a severe course of COVID‐19 with a high mortality rate. A considerable number of patients remains without a satisfactory serological response after the baseline and adjuvant SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination schedule.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of one and two booster doses of mRNA vaccines (either mRNA‐1273 or BNT162b2) in 125 COVID‐19 naive, adult kidney transplant recipients who showed an insufficient humoral response (SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG <10 AU/ml) to the previous 2‐dose vaccination schedule. The primary outcome was the difference in the rate of a positive antibody response (SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG ≥10 AU/ml) between one and two booster doses at 1 month after the final booster dose.ResultsA positive humoral response was observed in 36 (62%) patients receiving two booster doses and in 28 (44%) patients receiving one booster dose (odds ratio [OR], 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–4.34, p = .043). Moreover, median SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG levels were higher with two booster doses (p = .009). The number of patients with positive virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) levels was numerically higher with two booster doses compared to one booster dose, but without statistical significance (66% vs. 50%, p = .084). There was no significant difference in positive seroconversions rate and antibody levels between mRNA‐1273 and BNT162b2.ConclusionA higher number of kidney transplant recipients achieved a positive antibody response after two booster doses compared to one booster dose.
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A Combined Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation and Linearized Navier–Stokes Equation Study on the Generation and Reduction of Aerodynamic Noises Inside Steam Turbine Control Valve With Acoustic Liner
Authors: Tang Yuchao , Wang Peng , Liu Yingzheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was aimed at numerically investigating the source, generation mechanism, and strategy for reducing aerodynamic noises inside a steam turbine control valve. A delayed detached eddy simulation was performed to extract the three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow structures formed within the serpentine flow passage of the turbine valve. Acoustic analogies, spatial Fourier transform, and spectral proper orthogonal decomposition on the delayed detached eddy simulation-simulated flow data were complementarily combined to clarify the generation mechanism of tonal and broadband aerodynamic noises. The results showed that broadband noises were produced by wall-attached jet flow and turbulent mixing flow between the annular wall jets and central reverse flow. High-intensity tonal noises were generated by the excitation of multi-order natural acoustic modes of the bell-shaped valve spindle. The intensive acoustic pressure pulsations concentrated inside the bell jar and propagated along the diffuser to the downstream turbine chamber. A novel ring acoustic liner was designed using the acoustic impedance model to reduce the valve noises without sacrificing the flow performance. The noise reduction effectiveness was evaluated by solving the linearized Navier–Stokes equations in the frequency domain.
Identification of the glycopeptide epitope recognized by a protective
Cryptosporidium
monoclonal antibody
Authors: Bhalchandra Seema , Gevers Koen , Heimburg-Molinaro Jamie , van Roosmalen Mark , Coppens Isabelle , Cummings Richard D. , Ward Honorine D. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Cryptosporidium
species are a leading cause of pediatric diarrheal disease and death in low- and middle-income countries and pose a particular threat to immunocompromised individuals. As a zoonotic pathogen,
Cryptosporidium
can have devastating effects on the health of neonatal calves. Despite its impact on human and animal health, consistently effective drug treatments for cryptosporidiosis are lacking and no vaccine is available. We previously showed that
C. parvum
mucin-like glycoproteins, gp40, and gp900 express an epitope identified by a monoclonal antibody 4E9. 4E9 neutralized
C. parvum
infection
in vitro
as did glycan-binding proteins specific for the Tn antigen (GalNAc-α1-S/T). Here, we show that 4E9 ameliorates disease
in vivo
in a calf challenge model. The 4E9 epitope is present on
C. hominis
in addition to
C. parvum
gp40 and gp900 and localizes to the plasma membrane and dense granules of invasive and intracellular stages. To characterize the epitope recognized by 4E9, we probed a glycan array containing over 500 defined glycans together with a custom-made glycopeptide microarray containing glycopeptides from native mucins or
C. parvum
gp40 and gp15. 4E9 exhibited no binding to the glycan array but bound strongly to glycopeptides from native mucins or gp40 on the glycopeptide array, suggesting that the antibody epitope contains both peptide and glycan moieties. 4E9 only recognized glycopeptides with adjacent S or T residues in the motif S*/T*-
X-
S*/T* where
X
= 0 or 1. These data define the 4E9 epitope and have implications for the inclusion of the epitope in the development of vaccines or other immune-based therapies.
Plasmid-mediated drug resistance in mycobacteria: the tip of the iceberg?
Authors: Derbyshire Keith M. , Salfinger Max 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Macrolides, such as clarithromycin, are crucial in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). NTM are notoriously innately drug resistant, which has made the dependence on macrolides for their treatment even more important. Not surprisingly, resistance to macrolides has been documented in some NTM, including
Mycobacterium avium
and
Mycobacterium abscessus
, which are the two NTM species most often identified in clinical isolates. Resistance is mediated by point mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA or by methylation of the rRNA by a methylase (encoded by an
erm
gene). Chromosomally encoded
erm
genes have been identified in many of the macrolide-resistant isolates, but not in
Mycobacterium chelonae
. Now, Brown-Elliott et al. (J Clin Microbiol 61:e00428-23, 2023,
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00428-23
) describe the identification of a new
erm
variant,
erm
(55)
,
which was found either on the chromosome or on a plasmid in highly macrolide-resistant clinical isolates of
M. chelonae
. The chromosomal
erm
(55) gene appears to be associated with mobile elements; one gene is within a putative transposon and the second is in a large (37 kb) insertion/deletion. The plasmid carrying
erm
(55) also encodes type IV and type VII secretion systems, which are often linked on large mycobacterial plasmids and are hypothesized to mediate plasmid transfer. While the conjugative transfer of the
erm
(55)-containing plasmid between NTM has yet to be demonstrated, the inferences are clear, as evidenced by the dissemination of plasmid-mediated drug resistance in other medically important bacteria. Here, we discuss the findings of Brown-Elliott et al.
,
and the potential ramifications on treatment of NTM infections.
Highly divergent CRESS DNA and picorna-like viruses associated with bleached thalli of the green seaweed
Ulva
Authors: van der Loos Luna M. , De Coninck Lander , Zell Roland , Lequime Sebastian , Willems Anne , De Clerck Olivier , Matthijnssens Jelle 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Marine macroalgae (seaweeds) are important primary producers and foundation species in coastal ecosystems around the world. Seaweeds currently contribute to an estimated 51% of the global mariculture production, with a long-term growth rate of 6% per year, and an estimated market value of more than US$11.3 billion. Viral infections could have a substantial impact on the ecology and aquaculture of seaweeds, but surprisingly little is known about virus diversity in macroalgal hosts. Using metagenomic sequencing, we characterized viral communities associated with healthy and bleached specimens of the commercially important green seaweed
Ulva
. We identified 20 putative new and divergent viruses, of which the majority belonged to the Circular Rep-Encoding Single-Stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses [single-stranded (ss)DNA genomes],
Durnavirales
[double-stranded (ds)RNA], and
Picornavirales
(ssRNA). Other newly identified RNA viruses were related to the
Ghabrivirales
, the
Mitoviridae
, and the
Tombusviridae
. Bleached
Ulva
samples contained particularly high viral read numbers. While reads matching assembled CRESS DNA viruses and picorna-like viruses were nearly absent from the healthy
Ulva
samples (confirmed by qPCR), they were very abundant in the bleached specimens. Therefore, bleaching in
Ulva
could be caused by one or a combination of the identified viruses but may also be the result of another causative agent or abiotic stress, with the viruses simply proliferating in already unhealthy seaweed tissue. This study highlights how little we know about the diversity and ecology of seaweed viruses, especially in relation to the health and diseases of the algal host, and emphasizes the need to better characterize the algal virosphere.

IMPORTANCE

Green seaweeds of the genus
Ulva
are considered a model system to study microbial interactions with the algal host. Remarkably little is known, however, about viral communities associated with green seaweeds, especially in relation to the health of the host. In this study, we characterized the viral communities associated with healthy and bleached
Ulva
. Our findings revealed the presence of 20 putative novel viruses associated with
Ulva
, encompassing both DNA and RNA viruses. The majority of these viruses were found to be especially abundant in bleached
Ulva
specimens. This is the first step toward understanding the role of viruses in the ecology and aquaculture of this green seaweed.
Parallel evolution of linezolid-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Pitcher Nicholas J. , Feder Andries , Bolden Nicholas , Zirbes Christian F. , Pamatmat Anthony J. , Boyken Linda , Hill Jared J. , Bartels Alyssa R. , Thurman Andrew L. , Reeb Valerie C. , Porterfield Harry S. , Moustafa Ahmed M. , Planet Paul J. , Fischer Anthony J. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Linezolid is an antibiotic used to treat serious
Staphylococcus aureus
infections. Resistance to linezolid is considered rare but could emerge with repeated dosing. We recently reported widespread prescription of linezolid for a cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The goals of this study were to determine the incidence of linezolid-resistant methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) in CF and identify molecular mechanisms for linezolid resistance. We identified patients who cultured
S. aureus
resistant to linezolid with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) >4 at the University of Iowa CF Center between 2008 and 2018. We obtained isolates from these patients and retested susceptibility to linezolid using broth microdilution. We used whole genome sequencing to perform phylogenetic analysis of linezolid-resistant isolates and examine sequences for mutations or accessory genes that confer linezolid resistance. Between 2008 and 2018, 111 patients received linezolid, and 4 of these patients cultured linezolid-resistant
S. aureus
. We sequenced 11 resistant and 21 susceptible isolates from these 4 subjects. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that linezolid resistance developed in ST5 or ST105 backgrounds. Three individuals had linezolid-resistant
S. aureus
with a G2576T mutation in 23S rRNA. One of these subjects additionally had a

mutS
−
mutL
−

hypermutating
S. aureus
that produced five resistant isolates with multiple ribosomal subunit mutations. In one subject, the genetic basis for linezolid resistance was unclear. We conclude that linezolid resistant
S. aureus
can occur through multiple genetic mechanisms in patients with repeated exposure to this antibiotic.

IMPORTANCE

Patients with cystic fibrosis have persistent lung infections with
Staphylococcus aureus
that require extensive antibiotic treatments. Linezolid, an antibiotic given by oral or intravenous route, is prescribed repeatedly for patients whose lung disease has progressed. After treatment with linezolid,
S. aureus
strains can evolve antibiotic resistance through multiple genetic mechanisms. In addition to a common mutation in the 23S ribosomal RNA known to confer linezolid resistance,
S. aureus
strains can evolve novel resistance based on a combination of mutations affecting the bacterial ribosome. This combination of mutations was observed in a strain that exhibited hypermutation owing to the loss of the DNA repair genes
mutS
and
mutL
. In this cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis, linezolid resistance was transient, possibly due to the growth disadvantage of resistant strains. However, ongoing chronic exposure to linezolid may create optimal conditions for the future emergence of resistance to this critical antibiotic.
Nanomechanical/Micromechanical Approach to the Problems of Dendrochronology and Dendroclimatology
Authors: Golovin Yu. I. , Samodurov A. A. , Gusev A. A. , Tyurin A. A. , Golovin D. Yu. , Vasyukova I. A. , Yunak M. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe most widespread approach in dendrochronology (wood dating) and dendroclimatology (climate reconstruction) is based on measurement of the width of annual growth rings by analyzing optical images of wood cross sections. This approach is quite efficient and easy to implement but it has inherent drawbacks. Raw data for these techniques originate from the optical properties of the wood surface, which are not directly related to other properties of wood, mechanical properties in particular. This paper describes a new quantitative approach applicable to dendrochronology and dendroclimatology based upon measurement of the micromechanical properties of wood by employing nanoindendation and digital sclerometry. It yields not only the width of annual growth rings and early and late wood layers with an accuracy not inferior to optical methods, but also rich data on the mechanical properties of the wood with a high spatial resolution that could be brought to subcellular scale if necessary. This data can be used for the dendrochronological analysis of archeological finds and the evaluation of climatic parameters during tree growth with a time resolution of up to a month or even better, which is unlike other common methods with a time resolution of one year. Moreover, the detailed continuous profiling of local mechanical properties can form a basis for improving our understanding of the nature and mechanisms of the formation of macromechanical properties important for applications and can clarify the climate factors that have the greatest impact on such properties.