bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global patterns of cancer transitions: A modelling study
Authors: Yang Fan , Sun Dianqin , Ding Chao , Xia Changfa , Li He , Cao Maomao , Yan Xinxin , He Siyi , Zhang Shaoli , Chen Wanqing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCancer is a major contributor to global disease burden. Many countries experienced or are experiencing the transition that non‐infection‐related cancers replace infection‐related cancers. We aimed to characterise burden changes for major types of cancers and identify global transition patterns. We focused on 10 most common cancers worldwide and extracted age‐standardised incidence and mortality in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019 through the Global Burden of Disease Study. Two‐stage modelling design was used. First, we applied growth mixture models (GMMs) to identify distinct trajectories for incidence and mortality of each cancer type. Next, we performed latent class analysis to detect cancer transition patterns based on the categorisation results from GMMs. Kruskal‐Wallis H tests were conducted to evaluate associations between transition patterns and socioeconomic indicators. Three distinct patterns were identified as unfavourable, intermediate and favourable stages. Trajectories of lung and breast cancers had the strongest association with transition patterns among men and women. The unfavourable stage was characterised by rapid increases in lung, breast and colorectal cancers alongside stable or decreasing burden of gastric, cervical, oesophageal and liver cancers. In contrast, the favourable stage exhibited rapid declines in most cancers. The unfavourable stage was associated with lower sociodemographic index, health expenditure, gross domestic product per capita and higher maternal mortality ratio (P < .001 for all associations). Our findings suggest that unfavourable, intermediate and favourable transition patterns exist. Countries and territories in the unfavourable stage tend to be socioeconomically disadvantaged, and tailored intervention strategies are needed in these resource‐limited settings.
Effects of treating subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy in India: Are we treating too many for little gain? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ram Uma , Thirunavukkarasu Mathangi , Shyam Krishna , Ghebremichael‐Weldeselassie Yonas , Sukumar Nithya , Saravanan Ponnusamy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) on short‐term pregnancy outcomes.MethodData from 4526 consecutive women with singleton pregnancies who delivered between January 2015 and December 2017 were analyzed. SCH was defined as a thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level between 2.5 and 10 mU/mL with normal free thyroxine. Of those with SCH, some were treated but others were not. These two groups were compared using χ2 and Student t tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, parity, gestation at TSH measurement, and gestational diabetes mellitus status, were used to investigate the effect of treatment on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.ResultsIn all, 1227 (27.1%) of 4526 women had SCH, of whom 393 (32.0%) were treated. The mean age and body mass index were similar in both groups. The mean gestation at measuring of TSH was 11.7 ± 6.5 weeks. There was no significant difference in pregnancy or neonatal outcomes between the two groups. A sub‐group analysis when SCH was defined as TSH 4.0 mU/mL or greater showed a higher rate of large for gestational age and lower rates of low birth weight and small for gestational age in the treated group.ConclusionsThe prevalence of SCH based on the international guidelines threshold is high in India. Treatment of SCH did not show any difference in pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in this study.
A case series and literature review of blastomycosis during pregnancy amidst the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Walker Caitlin , Mandujano Alicia , Jani Akash 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBlastomycosis dermatitidis is a rare fungus known for is classic mimicry of pneumonia, lung cancer, and mycobacterial infections. Whilst it is known best for affecting those in the Ohio and Mississippi River basins, several cases have erupted in the Midwest region. Few case reports have focused on blastomycosis and its sequalae in pregnancy. We present a case series of blastomycosis diagnosed during the second and third trimesters in two women amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic. Given immunosuppression, complications and treatment can be challenging for clinicians. This case series and discussion hopes to provide future clinicians with the presentation, diagnosis, management, and treatment of this uncommon infection.
Intervention of music therapy on emotional disorders of autistic children in the context of intelligent medical internet of things
Authors: Huang Yufang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany parents have been troubled by the emotional problems of autistic children. Emotional disorders are one of the main characteristics of autistic children in terms of thinking, interpersonal relationship, language communication and intelligence. The rapid development of intelligent medicine and the Internet of Things has provided more facilities for music therapy in the field of rehabilitation, such as equipment tools, case analysis and training practice. In this paper, four autistic children with emotional disorders were treated and intervened with Orff music therapy and visual music therapy. The average probability of occurrence of emotional disorders in children with autism No.1 and No.2 before intervention was 53.2% and 53% respectively. After receiving Orff music therapy, the average probability of emotional disorders decreased to 44.9% and 38.6% respectively; the average probability of occurrence of emotional disorders in children with autism No.3 and No.4 before intervention was 40.3% and 50.2% respectively. After receiving visual music therapy, the average probability of occurrence of emotional disorders decreased to 33.7% and 44.2% respectively. Using music, pictures, lighting and other therapeutic elements, the visual and auditory motor sense is organically combined. Through the interaction between the therapist and the treatment object, to adjust the children's emotions, to awaken, stimulate, soothe, catharsis and other spiritual effects.
Enhanced osteogenic and antibacterial properties of polyetheretherketone by ultraviolet‐initiated grafting polymerization of a gelatin methacryloyl/epsilon‐poly‐L‐lysine/laponite hydrogel coating
Authors: Chen Yuhong , Chen Yiyi , Han Tianlei , Xie Zhe , Yang Yuchen , Chen Siyuan , Wang Chen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a promising material for use in orthopedic implants, but its bio‐inert character and lack of antibacterial activity limit its applications in bone repair. In the present study, considering the advantages of PEEK in self‐initiated graft polymerization and of hydrogels in bone tissue engineering, we constructed a hydrogel coating (GPL) consisting of Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), methacrylamide‐modified ε‐poly‐l‐lysine (ε‐PLMA) and Laponite on PEEK through UV‐initiated crosslinking. The coating improved the hydrophilicity of PEEK, and the coating degraded slowly so that approximately 80% was retained after incubation in PBS for 8 weeks. In vitro studies revealed that as compared to culturing on PEEK, culturing on PEEK‐GPL led to enhanced viability and adhesion of cultured human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ‐MSCs). Due to the synergistic effect of the micron‐scale three‐dimensional surface and Laponite, PEEK‐GPL exhibited a significantly improved induction of osteogenic differentiation of hWJ‐MSCs compared to PEEK, as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization, and expression of osteogenesis‐related genes. Furthermore, PEEK‐GPL showed antibacterial activity upon contact with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and this activity would be maintained before complete degradation of the hydrogel because the ε‐PLMA was cross‐linked covalently into the coating. Thus, PEEK‐GPL achieved both osteogenesis and infection prevention in a single simple step, providing a feasible approach for the extensive use of PEEK in bone implants.
A Risk Assessment Tool for Predicting Fragility Fractures in People with HIV: Derivation and Internal Validation of the FRESIA Model
Authors: Vizcarra Pilar , Moreno Ana , Vivancos María J. , Muriel García Alfonso , Ramirez Schacke Margarita , González-Garcia Juan , Curran Adrián , Palacios Rosario , Sánchez Guirao Antonio Jesús , Reus Bañuls Sergio , Moreno Guillén Santiago , Casado José L. ,   on behalf of the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS)
Published: August 2023

Abstract
People with HIV have a higher risk of fracture than the general population. Because of the low performance of the existing prediction tools, there is controversy surrounding fracture risk estimation in this population. The aim of the study was to develop a model for predicting the long-term risk of fragility fractures in people with HIV. We included 11,899 individuals aged ≥30 years from the Spanish HIV/AIDS research network cohort. We identified incident fragility fractures from medical records, defined as nontraumatic or those occurring after a casual fall, at major osteoporotic sites (hip, clinical spine, forearm, proximal humerus). Our model accounted for the competing risk of death and included 12 candidate predictors to estimate the time to first fragility fracture. We assessed the discrimination and calibration of the model and compared it with the FRAX tool. The incidence rate of fragility fractures was 4.34 (95% CI 3.61 to 5.22) per 1000 person-years. The final prediction model included age, chronic kidney disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as significant predictors. The model accurately predicted the 5- and 10-year risk of fragility fractures, with an area under the receiving operator characteristic curve of 0.768 (95% CI 0.722 to 0.814) and agreement between the observed and expected probabilities. Furthermore, it demonstrated better discrimination and calibration than the FRAX tool, improving the classification of over 35% of individuals with fragility fractures compared to FRAX. Our prediction model demonstrated accuracy in predicting the long-term risk of fragility fractures. It can assist in making personalized intervention decisions for individuals with HIV and could potentially replace the current tools recommended for fracture risk assessment in this population. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Random polynomial graphs for random Turán problems
Authors: Spiro Sam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBukh and Conlon used random polynomial graphs to give effective lower bounds on , where is the th power of a balanced rooted tree . We extend their result to give effective lower bounds on , which is the maximum number of edges in a ‐free subgraph of the random graph . Analogous bounds for generalized Turán numbers in random graphs are also proven.
Some conditions implying stability of graphs
Authors: Hujdurović Ademir , Mitrović Ðorđe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA graph is said to be unstable if the direct product (also called the canonical double cover of ) has automorphisms that do not come from automorphisms of its factors and . It is nontrivially unstable if it is unstable, connected, nonbipartite, and distinct vertices have distinct sets of neighbours. In this paper, we prove two sufficient conditions for stability of graphs in which every edge lies on a triangle, revising an incorrect claim of Surowski and filling in some gaps in the proof of another one. We also consider triangle‐free graphs, and prove that there are no nontrivially unstable triangle‐free graphs of diameter 2. An interesting construction of nontrivially unstable graphs is given and several open problems are posed.
Subdivisions with congruence constraints in digraphs of large chromatic number
Authors: Steiner Raphael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe prove that for every digraph and every assignment of pairs of integers to its arcs there exists an integer such that every digraph with dichromatic number greater than contains a subdivision of in which is subdivided into a directed path of length congruent to modulo , for every . This generalizes to the directed setting the analogous result by Thomassen for undirected graphs, and at the same time yields a novel short proof of his result.
Epidemic history and evolution of an emerging threat of international concern, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Giovanetti Marta , Branda Francesco , Cella Eleonora , Scarpa Fabio , Bazzani Liliana , Ciccozzi Alessandra , Slavov Svetoslav Nanev , Benvenuto Domenico , Sanna Daria , Casu Marco , Santos Luciane Amorim , Lai Alessia , Zehender Giangluglielmo , Caccuri Francesca , Ianni Andrea , Caruso Arnaldo , Maroutti Antonello , Pascarella Stefano , Borsetti Alessandra , Ciccozzi Massimo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis comprehensive review focuses on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its impact as the cause of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Its objective is to provide a cohesive overview of the epidemic history and evolutionary aspects of the virus, with a particular emphasis on its emergence, global spread, and implications for public health. The review delves into the timelines and key milestones of SARS‐CoV‐2's epidemiological progression, shedding light on the challenges encountered during early containment efforts and subsequent waves of transmission. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of the virus is crucial in monitoring its potential for adaptation and future outbreaks. Genetic characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 is discussed, with a focus on the emergence of new variants and their implications for transmissibility, severity, and immune evasion. The review highlights the important role of genomic surveillance in tracking viral mutations linked to establishing public health interventions. By analyzing the origins, global spread, and genetic evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2, valuable insights can be gained for the development of effective control measures, improvement of pandemic preparedness, and addressing future emerging infectious diseases of international concern.
Application of synoptic patterns to the definition of seasons in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kwon Jaeil , Choi Youngeun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we applied the classification of synoptic patterns to define seasons. Principal component analysis (PCA) and k‐means clustering were employed to classify the synoptic patterns. In this analysis, seven synoptic patterns were classified, corresponding to two patterns exhibiting winter, spring, and autumn‐like patterns each and one representing summer‐like patterns. The climate characteristics of each synoptic pattern for summer, spring, and autumn were clearly different from each other. The two winter patterns were considered as one season. Seasons were defined based on the occurrence frequency of each synoptic pattern, using the 11‐day window size. Accordingly, the year was divided into first spring, second spring, summer, first autumn, second autumn, and winter. The onset dates of the corresponding seasons were March 8, April 15, June 6, September 8, October 23, and November 29, respectively. In the changing trend of the seasons calculated by year, the start date of first spring was earlier by approximately 2.0 days per decade, and second autumn was delayed by 1.7 days per decade. In addition, the length of first autumn increased by 2.9 days per decade, whereas the length of winter decreased by 3.3 days per decade. In this study, a new method that had not previously been applied in Korea was used to define seasons by considering various climate variables. Compared to previous studies, the seasonal definition method used in this study is objective and reflects comprehensive climate characteristics by considering diverse variables. Furthermore, the proposed methodology for defining the seasons for each year is applicable to the study of changes in seasonal onsets.
Investigating the effect of red beetroot powder concentration and processing time on the bioactive compounds composition and antioxidant capacity of beetroot dark chocolate
Authors: Kongor John Edem , de Pascual‐Teresa Sonia , Owusu Margaret , Kyei‐Baffour Vincent Owusu , Oduro‐Yeboah Charlotte 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe development of functional foods is receiving increased recognition as a result of the general interest in healthy diets as part of a healthier lifestyle. This project sought to incorporate red beetroot in dark chocolate and investigate the effect of beetroot powder concentration and processing time on the chocolates' bioactive compound composition, antioxidant capacity, and sugar content.RESULTSThe results showed the presence of bioactive compounds such as betalains and vitamin C in the red beetroot with relatively high antioxidant capacity. The addition of beetroot powder to dark chocolate increased the majority of the bioactive compounds (e.g. catechin, epicatechin, betalains, vitamin C) while at the same time increasing the antioxidant capacity. It also resulted in a decrease in sugar content. Except for vitamin C, processing for more than 12 h had an increasing effect on the majority of the bioactive compounds. Beetroot powder incorporation at a maximum of 30% and processing for 24 h was regarded as optimal.CONCLUSIONOverall, the present study suggests that red beetroot powder could be added to dark chocolates and processed for more than 12 h to increase the bioactive compounds and overall antioxidant capacity. This research would help to diversify beetroot utilization, reduce post‐harvest losses, and improve the overall health‐promoting properties of dark chocolate for improved consumer well‐being. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mapping the road to biologics in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A nationwide drug utilization study
Authors: Thein David , Rosenø Nana A. L. , Nielsen Mia‐Louise , Kristensen Lars Erik , Maul Julia‐Tatjana , Wu Jashin J. , Thomsen Simon Francis , Thyssen Jacob P. , Egeberg Alexander 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundLimited research has been conducted on whether advances in novel biologics and biosimilars have improved the treatment journey preceding biologics.ObjectivesTo map the overall treatment journey preceding the initiation of first biologic therapy in patients with psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), as well as the changes over time.MethodsUsing Danish nationwide registries, we included all patients treated with a first‐time biologic (2010–2018) for either PsO or PsA and reported the medical treatment journey. We used Sankey diagrams to illustrate the flow of treatment series.ResultsThe study included 2082 patients with PsO (62.5% male) and 1831 patients with PsA (42.3% male). Before biologics, 49.5% treated for PsO and 36.8% treated for PsA received ≥2 type therapies and 59.3% with PsO and 25.5% with PsA received ≥3 treatment series. Median time from first systemic therapy to a biologic was 3.9 years (Q1–Q3, 1.3–4.1) for PsO and 2.1 years (Q1–Q3, 0.6–5.8) for PsA. The majority of patients with PsO (1174 [56.4%]) received multiple treatment series with the same drug, while almost a third of patients with PsA (572 [31.2%]) did the same. Twelve percent of patients with PsO and 6.4% of patients with PsA repeated treatment with a drug they had already stopped for an alternative treatment.ConclusionsAlthough most patients are adequately managed, our findings suggest the possibility of a yet too long and complicated treatment journey before starting biologics.
Consumption patterns and usage of selected underutilized legumes in a Ghanaian community
Authors: Agyekum Pearl Boamah , Dombrowski Jannika , Lutterodt Herman E. , Ofosu Isaac W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderutilized legumes are a good source of plant proteins, but they exhibit a hard‐to‐cook nature and poor digestibility due to the presence of anti‐nutritional factors. This study focused on the factors that drive the utilization of selected underutilized legumes in the Techiman municipality of Ghana. The legumes studied were Vigna subterrenea (Bambara groundnut), Cajanus cajan (Pigeon pea), Phaseolus lunatus (Lima bean), Parkia biglobosa (African Locust bean), and Canavalia gladiata (Sword bean). The survey provided insight into the familiarity, uses, preparation methods, and the extent of knowledge of their nutritional benefits. The demographics of the participants studied were also described, and statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the legumes were well recognized despite their underutilized status and they find use primarily in domestic savory food preparation. Consumption was mostly occasional despite the knowledge of its nutritional benefits. Processing mainly referred to boiling with prior removal of foreign materials and soaking in water. Nutrition stood out as the most desired property. Strategies aiming at maximizing the use of these legumes must be considered and developed since these legumes appear to be a formidable resource for combating the prevalent food insecurity in Africa.
Enhanced Charge Carrier Mobility of Evaporated Sb2Se3 via Post‐Treatment for High‐Speed Photodetection
Authors: Xu Yalun , Jia Zhenglin , Li Ruiming , Lin Qianqian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBenefiting from excellent optoelectronic properties and facile fabrication, Sb2Se3‐based semiconductor devices have drawn great attention in the last decade; in particular, Sb2Se3‐based solar cells and photodetectors have demonstrated decent performance metrics. However, the current research on Sb2Se3 devices is mainly focused on material and device processing and optimization, and few studies have been conducted on charge transport, which is limiting the further development of Sb2Se3‐based devices. To address this issue, post‐treatment techniques are introduced and their influence on the charge carrier dynamics of Sb2Se3 thin films is fully investigated. The charge carrier mobility of evaporated Sb2Se3 thin films is increased by an order of magnitude from 0.02 to 0.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 after the Se post‐treatment. Based on the optimized Sb2Se3 thin films, ultra‐fast photodiodes are further developed and a record‐fast response of 37 ns is achieved. Prototypical devices also demonstrated great potential for high‐speed photodetection in practical applications.