bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paying Attention in Class: Using In-Class Quizzes to Incentivize Student Attention
Authors: Nevid Jeffrey S. , Armata Casey E. 
Published: July 2023

Background: Methods are needed to incentivize student attention to class material. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of in-class quizzing to incentivize student attention to class material to boost exam performance. Method: A randomized, alternating treatments design embedded in an introductory psychology class compared learning benefits of two types of quiz-based engagement activities, mastery quizzes, and concepts checks, as compared to a no-engagement activity control. Results: Students performed significantly better on exam content linked to classes with quiz-based engagement activities. Learning benefits of engagement activities extended across levels of cognitive complexity indexed to Bloom levels, although were stronger for low-level items. The effects of engagement activities were also stronger for content directly discussed in class. There were no significant differences in learning outcomes between the two engagement activities. Conclusion: Students performed better on exam content linked to class sessions with quiz-based engagement activities that incentivized attention to class material compared to those that did not. Teaching Implications: Using in-class quizzes as attentional cues offers instructors a means of incentivizing student attention to class material with minimal disruption of class time and lecture flow, while also improving exam scores.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infective exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on clinical outcomes in a prospective cohort study of hospitalised adults
Authors: Hyams Catherine , Qian George , Nava George , Challen Robert , Begier Elizabeth , Southern Jo , Lahuerta Maria , Nguyen Jennifer L , King Jade , Morley Anna , Clout Madeleine , Maskell Nick , Jodar Luis , Oliver Jennifer , Ellsbury Gillian , McLaughlin John M , Gessner Bradford D , Finn Adam , Danon Leon , Dodd James W ,   The Avon CAP Research Group
Published: July 2023

Objectives To determine whether acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have worse outcomes than AECOPD caused by other infectious agents or non-infective AECOPD (NI-COPD). Design A two-hospital prospective cohort study of adults hospitalised with acute respiratory disease. We compared outcomes with AECOPD and a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 816), AECOPD triggered by other infections (n = 3038) and NI-COPD (n = 994). We used multivariable modelling to adjust for potential confounders and assessed variation by seasons associated with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Setting Bristol UK, August 2020–May 2022. Participants Adults (≥18 y) hospitalised with AECOPD. Main outcome measures We determined the risk of positive pressure support, longer hospital admission and mortality following hospitalisation with AECOPD due to non-SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with SARS-CoV-2 AECOPD and NI-COPD. Results Patients with SARS-CoV-2 AECOPD, in comparison to non-SARS-CoV-2 infective AECOPD or NI-COPD, more frequently required positive pressure support (18.5% and 7.5% vs. 11.7%, respectively), longer hospital stays (median [interquartile range, IQR]: 7 [3–15] and 5 [2–10] vs. 4 [2–9] days, respectively) and had higher 30-day mortality (16.9% and 11.1% vs. 5.9%, respectively) (all p < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, SARS-CoV-2 AECOPD was associated with a 55% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 24–93), 26% (95% CI: 15–37) and 35% (95% CI: 10–65) increase in the risk of positive pressure support, hospitalisation length and 30-day mortality, respectively, relative to non-SARS-CoV-2 infective AECOPD. The difference in risk remained similar during periods of wild-type, Alpha and Delta SARS-CoV-2 strain dominance, but diminished during Omicron dominance. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2-related AECOPD had worse patient outcomes compared with non-SARS-CoV-2 AECOPD or NI-AECOPD, although the difference in risks was less pronounced during Omicron dominance.
Risk of bias in randomized clinical trials on psychedelic medicine: A systematic review
Authors: Hovmand Oliver Rumle , Poulsen Emil Deleuran , Arnfred Sidse , Storebø Ole Jakob 
Published: July 2023

Background: The classical psychedelics, psilocybin, peyote, ayahuasca/ N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide are considered promising new treatments for psychiatric illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, addiction, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. However, their profound and characteristic subjective effects raise concern for distinctive biases in randomized clinical trials. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search to identify all clinical trials on classical psychedelics with patient populations to examine descriptive data and determine the risk of bias. Two independent reviewers searched three databases (PubMed, Embase, and APA PsycNet) and extracted information on study design, study population, use of active or inactive placebo, dropouts, evaluation of blinding of intervention, and reporting of expectancy and therapeutic alliance. Results: We included 10 papers reporting on 10 unique trials. The trials generally included populations that were predominantly white and highly educated. The trials had small samples and considerable dropout. Blinding was either unsuccessful or not reported regardless of type of placebo. Few trials published protocols, statistical analysis plans (SAPs), and outcomes relating to psychotherapy fidelity. All trials but one were rated as high risk of bias. Conclusion: Successful blinding of intervention is a significant challenge in this field. To better accommodate this, we suggest that future trials use a parallel-group design and utilize an active placebo on a psychedelic-naïve population. Future trials should publish trial protocol and SAPs, use clinician-rated outcomes accessed by a blinded rater, evaluate blinding of intervention, and consider measuring expectancy and therapeutic fidelity.
Comprehensive analysis of ferroptosis-related hub gene signatures as a potential pathogenesis and therapeutic target for systemic sclerosis: A bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wu Chenmin , Liu Jianwen , Chen Zhihan , Wu Yanfang , Gao Fei 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The molecular mechanism of systemic sclerosis (SSc) remains unclear. Ferroptosis participates in a series of cell activities, such as inflammatory progression, by regulating cell death; unfortunately, there aren’t many research that discuss the connection between ferroptosis and SSc. Objectives: This study used bioinformatics analysis to report a potential relationship between ferroptosis and SSc. Methods: The SSc and control datasets GSE125362 and GSE76807 were obtained from the gene expression omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the R software. By the Venn diagram, ferroptosis DEGs were detected. The chosen candidate genes were then subjected to analyses of protein-protein interactions, gene ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment. With the Molecular Complex Detection plugin program, the hub genes were investigated. A multifactor regulatory network was constructed depending on key hub genes, and immune infiltration was also evaluated. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were used to validate the bioinformatic results. Results: Twenty-four ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes were detected in patients with SSc versus the normal controls. The biological processes of FRGs in patients with SSc focused on the negative regulation of cell proliferation and inflammatory response. The signaling pathways were enriched in necroptosis. The core genes of SSc were CYBB, IL-6, NOX4,TLR4, CXCL2, JUN, and LY96. Three miRNAs, two lncRNAs, and five transcription factors were predicted. The evaluation of immune infiltration showed that the number of activated natural killer (NK) cells increased in SSc skin tissues, whereas the number of resting dendritic, NK, and mast cells decreased. The bioinformatics prediction results from the mRNA chip were in line with the expression levels of IL-6 and CYBB. Conclusions: Necroptosis and ferroptosis were upregulated in patients with SSc and involved in modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. IL-6 and CYBB are key ferroptosis-related genes in SSc. Ferroptosis and related genes might be promising targets in the treatment of SSc.
ɑ-Solanine Affects the Apoptosis and Angiogenesis of M2-Like TAMs Cells by Regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway Under Hypoxia
Authors: Huang Jiayong , Wang Xiaowu , Pan Luofeng , Jiang Minjie , Zhou Siyun , Zhou Haoyun , Fu Hanzhang , Fang Binbo 
Published: July 2023

Objectives Blood vessels provide convenient conditions for tumor cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Antiangiogenesis and proapoptosis of tumor cells have become critical means of clinically treating tumors. This study aimed to investigate the antiangiogenic and pro-apoptotic abilities of α-solanine. Methods This study used the CCK8 method to select appropriate drug concentrations. Next, the antitumor mechanism of α-solanine under hypoxia was investigated using wound healing, transwell, cellular immune, and Western blot assays. Finally, a reverse validation was performed by adding MHY1485, an mammalian targets of rapamycin ( mTOR) activator. Results α-Solanine significantly decreased B-cell lymphoma2-related protein , n-Ca, vascular endothelial growth factor , MMP2, and MMP9 expression in cells. In addition , Bax, p53, TIMP1, and E-Ca expressions were upregulated. However, this study found that adding MHY1485 significantly attenuated the effects of α-solanine. These results suggest that α-solanine may achieve these functions by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion α-Solanine is highly resistant to angiogenesis and promotes apoptosis of M2 tumor-associated macrophages. These effects may depend on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The present study demonstrated that α-solanine has a strong anticancer effect under hypoxic conditions.
Exploring Hospital Physical Environment Influencing Users First Impressions of the Healthcare Organizations: A Conceptual Framework Based on Literature Review
Authors: Bazaid Rana , Pati Debajyoti 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine literature on first impressions and how physical design factors influence users’ first impressions. Background: Engineering a first impression through physical design has been successfully used in the context of US federal buildings and retail. A patient’s first impression is important as it affects their downstream behaviors and experiences. However, little is known about it in the context of healthcare design. Method: This study is part of a broader literature review that searched for studies on the first impression phenomenon, which were examined in a cross-disciplinary literature review, along with trade/professional journals/magazines. Three databases were in-depth searched—Scopus, Web of Science, and HaPI along with Google Scholar search and hand searching. A total of 187 satisfied articles and three books were reviewed through three phases to obtain an understanding of the first impressions and the factors affecting it. Results: After the in-depth review of the theories behind the first impression, the authors proposed a conceptual framework explaining the concept of the first impression and engineering it through physical design. The findings from published articles suggest five conceptual steps between early information pickup and early impression formation: (1) exposure time, (2) information pickup, (3) cognition, (4) emotion, and (5) judgment. Conclusions: The findings show a causal association between one’s initial information pickup during the first 5 min of exposure to a target and the formation of a first impression. It suggests a crucial role of physical design of the environment, including in healthcare facilities.
The role of cognitive biases and negative life events in predicting later depressive symptoms in children and adolescents
Authors: Platt Belinda , Sfärlea Anca , Löchner Johanna , Salemink Elske , Schulte-Körne Gerd 
Published: July 2023

Aims Cognitive models propose that negative cognitive biases in attention (AB) and interpretation (IB) contribute to the onset of depression. This is the first prospective study to test this hypothesis in a sample of youth with no mental disorder. Methods Participants were 61 youth aged 9–14 years with no mental disorder. At baseline (T1) we measured AB (passive-viewing task), IB (scrambled sentences task) and self-report depressive symptoms. Thirty months later (T2) we measured onset of mental disorder, depressive symptoms and life events (parent- and child-report). The sample included children of parents with ( n = 31) and without ( n = 30) parental depression. Results Symptoms of depression at T2 were predicted by IB ( ß = .35, p = .01) but not AB ( ß = .05, p = .72) at T1. This effect was strongest for children who experienced multiple negative life events (F2,48 = 6.0, p = .018, ΔR2 = .08). IB did not predict depressive symptoms at T2 over-and-above the effect of depressive symptoms at T1 ( ß = .21, p = .13). Discussion These findings suggest that IB (but not AB) plays an important role in the aetiology of depression. Modifying IB may have a preventive effect on youth depression, particularly for youth who experience negative life events. This prospective study provides important foundations for future experimental studies.
Short-term outcomes for surgical correction of feline medial patellar luxations via semi-cylindrical recession trochleoplasty
Authors: Deom Kristen , Conzemius Michael G , Tarricone Jason , Nye Carolyn , Veytsman Stan 
Published: July 2023

Case series summary Three cats (five stifles) were diagnosed with varying degrees of pelvic limb lameness secondary to medial patellar luxations (MPLs). Lameness did not resolve with medical management in any cat before referral for orthopedic evaluation. All cats underwent semi-cylindrical recession trochleoplasty (SCRT), medial fascial release and lateral imbrication for surgical repair of MPLs. All cats were re-evaluated at 3 and 8 weeks postoperatively and two cats were also evaluated at 16 weeks postoperatively. At the final rechecks, all cats had resolution of lameness of the operated limb(s) and no evidence of recurrence of patellar luxation. Relevance and novel information This case series demonstrated SCRT with soft tissue reconstruction as an acceptable option for surgical correction in three cats with MPLs. Short-term outcomes revealed minor complications and all patellae remained centralized.
Hemolytic-Pred: A machine learning-based predictor for hemolytic proteins using position and composition-based features
Authors: Perveen Gulnaz , Alturise Fahad , Alkhalifah Tamim , Daanial Khan Yaser 
Published: July 2023

Objective The objective of this study is to propose a novel in-silico method called Hemolytic-Pred for identifying hemolytic proteins based on their sequences, using statistical moment-based features, along with position-relative and frequency-relative information. Methods Primary sequences were transformed into feature vectors using statistical and position-relative moment-based features. Varying machine learning algorithms were employed for classification. Computational models were rigorously evaluated using four different validation. The Hemolytic-Pred webserver is available for further analysis at http://ec2-54-160-229-10.compute-1.amazonaws.com/ . Results XGBoost outperformed the other six classifiers with an accuracy value of 0.99, 0.98, 0.97, and 0.98 for self-consistency test, 10-fold cross-validation, Jackknife test, and independent set test, respectively. The proposed method with the XGBoost classifier is a workable and robust solution for predicting hemolytic proteins efficiently and accurately. Conclusions The proposed method of Hemolytic-Pred with XGBoost classifier is a reliable tool for the timely identification of hemolytic cells and diagnosis of various related severe disorders. The application of Hemolytic-Pred can yield profound benefits in the medical field.
Diagnosis of Posterior and Combined-Type Shoulder Instability: A 10-Year Cross-sectional Study From a Single Military Base
Authors: Green Clare K. , Scanaliato John P. , Sandler Alexis B. , Jones Ethan W. , Dunn John C. , Parnes Nata 
Published: July 2023

Background: Large variations exist in the reported frequency and etiology of posterior and combined shoulder instability in the active-duty military population. Purpose: To compare imaging and clinical examination findings as well as reoperation rates between active-duty military patients who underwent surgery for anterior, posterior, and combined-type shoulder instability. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on patients treated surgically for shoulder instability from a single military base from January 2010 to December 2019. Each case was characterized as isolated anterior, isolated posterior, or combined, according to arthroscopic findings. Information was collected on patient characteristics, history of trauma, time to surgery, associated pathological findings, and survivorship at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Results: Overall, 416 patients (n = 394 men; n = 22 women), with a mean age of 29.1 years, underwent primary shoulder stabilization surgery during the study period. There were 158 patients (38%) with isolated anterior instability, 139 (33%) with isolated posterior instability, and 119 (29%) with combined instability. A history of trauma was more prevalent with isolated anterior instability (129 [81.7%]) than with either isolated posterior (95 [68.4%]) or combined instability (73 [61.3%]) ( P = .047 and P = .001, respectively). Patients with anterior instability were significantly more likely to be diagnosed on the preoperative physical examination when compared with patients with posterior instability (93% vs 79.1%; P < .001) or combined instability (93% vs 75.6%; P < .001) and were also more likely to have a discrete labral tear detected on a preoperative magnetic resonance arthrogram than patients with posterior instability (82.9% vs 63.3%; P < .001). There was no significant difference in the rate of medical discharge or recurrent instability requiring reoperation between groups. Conclusion: The study findings indicated that young, active-duty military patients are at increased risk for isolated posterior and combined-type shoulder instability, with posterior and combined instability collectively accounting for over 60% of instability cases in this cohort. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of instability when evaluating and treating young, active-duty military patients with shoulder pain, even in the absence of diagnostic physical examinations or imaging findings.
Association Between Tunnel Position, Tunnel Angle, Graft Signal Intensity, and Graft Thickness in the Reconstructed Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Park Seong Yun , Nam Hee Seung , Ho Jade Pei Yuik , Tu Nguyen Thanh , Lee Yong Seuk 
Published: July 2023

Background: An appropriate tunnel position, tunnel angle, and tunnel-graft angle are important factors for maintaining the stability and mechanical properties of a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) graft. Purpose: To evaluate the association between tunnel position, tunnel angle, graft signal intensity ratio (SIR), and graft thickness after remnant-preserving PCL reconstruction. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were patients who had undergone remnant-preserving single-bundle PCL reconstruction using a tibialis anterior allograft between March 2014 and September 2020 and who had minimum 12-month postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans. Tunnel position and angle were evaluated via 3-dimensional computed tomography, and their association with graft SIR on both the femoral and the tibial sides was determined. Graft thickness and SIR at 3 areas of the graft were evaluated and compared, and their association with tunnel-graft angle was also determined. Results: Overall, 50 knees (50 patients; 43 male, 7 female) were included. The mean time to postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was 25.8 ± 15.8 months. The mean SIR of the graft’s midportion was higher compared with that of the proximal and distal portions ( P = .028 and P < .001, respectively), and the SIR of the proximal portion was higher compared with that of the distal portion ( P = .002). The femoral tunnel-graft angle was more acute than the tibial tunnel-graft angle ( P = .004). A more anteriorly and distally located femoral tunnel led to a less acute femoral tunnel-graft angle ( P = .005) and a decreased SIR of the proximal portion ( P = .040), and a more laterally located tibial tunnel was associated with a less acute tibial tunnel-graft angle ( P = .024) and a reduced SIR of the distal portion ( P = .044). The mean thicknesses of the graft’s midportion and distal portion were larger than that of the proximal portion ( P < .001). The SIR of the graft’s midportion was positively correlated with its thickness ( r = 0.321; P = .023). Conclusion: The SIR of the proximal portion of the graft around the femoral tunnel was higher than that of the distal portion around the tibial tunnel. An anteriorly and distally positioned femoral tunnel and a laterally positioned tibial tunnel resulted in less acute tunnel-graft angles that were associated with decreased signal intensity.