bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mathematical model for predicting indoor PM2.5 concentration considering uneven mixing and fractional efficiency of a filter
Authors: Liu Lianhua , Xiang Bo , Si Pengfei , Shi Lijun 
Published: September 2023

Indoor PM2.5 control has become an essential part of ensuring high-quality indoor air quality. In this paper, to improve the prediction accuracy, an unsteady-state mathematical model for predicting indoor PM2.5 concentration was established. Air exchange efficiency was considered to characterize the uneven mixing of particle concentration in the model. The filter efficiency of the multi-stage filter system and the actual efficiency of each stage filter were redetermined through particle size distribution and fractional efficiency of filter. The accuracy of the model was verified with existing experimental data. Furthermore, the filtration performance of different combinations of typical filters was analyzed. The results showed that when the filter was installed in the second stage in a multi-stage filter system, the filter efficiency coefficients for filtering PM2.5 were 0.94∼0.98, and decreased to 0.81∼0.94 when installed in the third stage. As air exchange efficiency was increased from 0.6 to 0.9, the purification time was shortened by 10.86∼14.44 min. Under the large outdoor PM2.5 concentration, indoor air quality can be guaranteed by increasing the air change rate or adding filters to enhance the filter efficiency. Moreover, there should exist a minimum air change rate to meet the required indoor PM2.5 concentration.
Diabetes mellitus and obesity among South Asians with ischemic stroke across three countries
Authors: Ken-Dror Gie , Ajami Intisar , Han Thang S , Aurelius Taylor , Maheshwari Ankita , Hail Hassan Al , Deleu Dirk , Sharma Sapna D , Amlani Sageet , Gunathilagan Gunaratnam , Cohen David L , Rajkumar Chakravarthi , Maguire Stuart , Ispoglou Sissi , Balogun Ibrahim , Parry Anthea , Sekaran Lakshmanan , Syed Hafiz , Lawrence Enas , Singh Ravneeta , Hassan Ahamad , Wharton Chris , Javaid Khalid , Goorah Neetish , Carr Peter , Abdus Sami Eman , Ali Musab , Hussein Hassan Al , Osman Abuzaid Hassan , Sharif Khalid , Ram Sharma Shri , Sylaja PN , Yousef Khan Fahmi , Prasad Kameshwar , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: September 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus and central obesity are more common among South Asian populations than among White British people. This study explores the differences in diabetes and obesity in South Asians with stroke living in the United Kingdom, India, and Qatar compared with White British stroke patients. Methods: The study included the UK, Indian, and Qatari arms of the ongoing large Bio-Repository of DNA in Stroke (BRAINS) international prospective hospital-based study for South Asian stroke. BRAINS includes 4580 South Asian and White British recruits from UK, Indian, and Qatar sites with first-ever ischemic stroke. Results: The study population comprises 1751 White British (WB) UK residents, 1165 British South Asians (BSA), 1096 South Asians in India (ISA), and 568 South Asians in Qatar (QSA). ISA, BSA, and QSA South Asians suffered from higher prevalence of diabetes compared with WB by 14.5% (ISA: 95% confidence interval (CI) = 18.6–33.0, p < 0.001), 31.7% (BSA: 95% CI = 35.1–50.2, p < 0.001), and 32.7% (QSA: 95% CI = 28.1–37.3, p < 0.001), respectively. Although WB had the highest prevalence of body mass index (BMI) above 27 kg/m2 compared with South Asian patients (37% vs 21%, p < 0.001), South Asian patients had a higher waist circumference than WB (94.8 cm vs 90.8 cm, p < 0.001). Adjusting for traditional stroke risk factors, ISA, BSA, and QSA continued to display an increased risk of diabetes compared with WB by 3.28 (95% CI: 2.53–4.25, p < 0.001), 3.61 (95% CI: 2.90–4.51, p < 0.001), and 5.24 (95% CI: 3.93–7.00, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: South Asian ischemic stroke patients living in Britain and Qatar have a near 3.5-fold risk of diabetes compared with White British stroke patients. Their body composition may partly help explain that increased risk. These findings have important implications for public health policymakers in nations with large South Asian populations.
Comparison of eltrombopag and avatrombopag in the treatment of refractory/relapsed aplastic anemia: a single-center retrospective study in China
Authors: Zhang Zhuxin , Hu Qinglin , Yang Chen , Chen Miao , Han Bing 
Published: September 2023

Background: Eltrombopag (ELT), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA), has been approved for relapsed/refractory aplastic anemia (AA). However, data on avatrombopag (AVA), another TPO-RA, are limited, and the comparisons between the two TPO-RAs are lacking. Objectives: We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between ELT and AVA in relapsed/refractory AA patients. Design: In this retrospective study, patients with relapsed/refractory AA who had been treated with ELT ( N = 45) or AVA ( N = 30) alone and had compatible baseline hematological parameters were compared. Methods: Data from patients diagnosed with acquired AA were retrospectively collected. All patients were refractory/relapsed to standard immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for at least 6 months before ELT or AVA. Patients had to be treated with ELT or AVA alone for at least 6 months before evaluation if they did not respond. Baseline characteristics, overall response (OR), complete response (CR), relapse, adverse events, and factors that may affect efficacy were analyzed. Results: Of the 75 patients enrolled, 45 received ELT and 30 received AVA. Patients with AVA had a higher percentage of abnormal liver or renal function than those with ELT ( p = 0.036). No significant difference was found in the OR/CR rate in the first/second/third/sixth month between the two cohorts ( p > 0.05). Patients treated with AVA had a shorter median time to response than those treated with ELT ( p = 0.012) and had a higher platelet level in the second month ( p = 0.041). AVA had fewer adverse events than ELT ( p = 0.046). Under compatible follow-up time ( p = 0.463), no difference was found between the ELT and AVA cohorts in relapse ( p = 1.000) or clone evolution ( p = 0.637). No predictive factors for OR and CR in the sixth month were found for either ELT or AVA. Conclusion: With worse liver or renal function, AVA had a similar OR/CR rate but a shorter median time to response and fewer adverse events for patients with relapsed/refractory AA.
Article Commentary: The need for intersectional practices in addressing workplace diversity
Authors: McCluney Courtney L. 
Published: September 2023

In “Designing More Effective Practices for Reducing Workplace Inequality,” Quinetta Roberson, Eden King, and Mikki Hebl suggest robust strategies for addressing inequality.1 They also list unanswered questions, such as whether any practices improve employment opportunities across all demographic groups or contexts. I see one potential answer: that organizational leaders and researchers look to intersectionality as a framework for addressing inequalities that occur inside and outside of organizations.23 An intersectionality framework considers the effects of belonging to multiple social groups simultaneously—for instance, the ways that being both Black and a woman can undercut opportunities beyond the independent ways that being Black or being a woman can. The failure to recognize how diversity policies affect people who belong to multiple disadvantaged groups will perpetuate inequalities rather than eliminate them.
Moisture content estimation of green softwood logs of three species based on measurements of flexural vibration
Authors: Fukui Toshiyuki , Yanase Yoshiyuki , Fujii Yoshihisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe moisture contents of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica), todomatsu (Abies sachalinensis) and hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) logs were estimated using a method of moisture content estimation proposed in our previous study. In the course of estimation, it was revealed that the regression line of the correlation between specific dynamic Young’s modulus (E/ρ) and tangent loss (tan δ) of green wood was different from that of moisture-conditioned wood and showed species dependency, both of which are not previously reported. Regression lines at the fiber saturation point (FSP) were constructed for each species by measuring E/ρ and tan δ from the flexural vibration of green small specimens and correcting the E/ρ values at their own moisture contents into E/ρ values at the FSP. The correlation of green wood in this study was different from that reported in previous studies of moisture-conditioned wood near the FSP. The correlations of sugi and hinoki were similar, whereas those of sugi and todomatsu were different despite no previous report of species dependency in air-dried wood. The moisture contents 86 logs (not those used to prepare small specimens) were estimated using regression lines of each species. The standard deviation of the difference between the estimated moisture content and the measured moisture content was 15.7%. A systematic error of 25.9% in moisture content was attributed to the different methods of specimen support used for small specimens and logs.
Ocular sarcoidosis in adults and children: update on clinical manifestation and diagnosis
Authors: Bazewicz Magdalena , Heissigerova Jarmila , Pavesio Carlos , Willermain François , Skrzypecki Janusz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSarcoidosis-associated uveitis, is the predominant ocular sarcoidosis presentation, which affects both adults and children. For adults, international ocular sarcoidosis criteria (IWOS) and sarcoidosis-associated uveitis criteria (SUN) are defined. However, for children they are not yet established internationally. Due to the specificity of pediatric manifestations of sarcoidosis, this task is even more challenging. In children, sarcoidosis is subdivided into Blau syndrome and early-onset sarcoidosis (BS/EOS) affecting younger children (< 5 years) and the one affecting older children with clinical presentation resembling adults. Differential diagnosis, clinical work-up as well as diagnostic criteria should be adapted to each age group. In this article, we review the clinical manifestation of sarcoidosis-associated uveitis in adults and children and the sensitivity and specificity of various ocular sarcoidosis diagnostic modalities, including chest X-ray and CT, FDG PET-CT, gallium-67 scintigraphy, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, genetic testing for NOD2 mutations and serum biomarkers, such as ACE, lysozyme and IL2R.
Genetic analysis of geometric morphometric 3D visuals of French jumping horses
Authors: Ricard Anne , Crevier-Denoix Nathalie , Pourcelot Philippe , Crichan Harmony , Sabbagh Margot , Dumont-Saint-Priest Bernard , Danvy Sophie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
For centuries, morphology has been the most commonly selected trait in horses. A 3D video recording enabled us to obtain the coordinates of 43 anatomical landmarks of 2089 jumping horses. Generalized Procrustes analysis provided centered and scaled coordinates that were independent of volume, i.e., centroid size. Genetic analysis of these coordinates (mixed model; 17,994 horses in the pedigree) allowed us to estimate a variance–covariance matrix. New phenotypes were then defined: the “summarized shapes”. They were obtained by linear combinations of Procrustes coordinates with, as coefficients, the eigenvectors of the genetic variance–covariance matrix. These new phenotypes were used in genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) and multitrait genetic analysis that included judges’ scores and competition results of the horses.

Results
We defined ten shapes that represented 86% of the variance, with heritabilities ranging from 0.14 to 0.42. Only one of the shapes was found to be genetically correlated with competition success (rg = − 0.12, standard error = 0.07). Positive and negative genetic correlations between judges’ scores and shapes were found. This means that the breeding objective defined by judges involves improvement of anatomical parts of the body that are negatively correlated with each other. Known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes 1 and 3 for height at withers were significant for centroid size but not for any of the shapes. As these SNPs were not associated with the shape that distinguished rectangular horses from square horses (with height at withers greater than body length), we hypothesize that these SNPs play a role in the overall development of horses, i.e. in height, width, and length but not in height at withers when standardized to unit centroid size. Several other SNPs were found significant for other shapes.

Conclusions
The main application of 3D morphometric analysis is the ability to define the estimated breeding value (EBV) of a sire based on the shape of its potential progeny, which is easier for breeders to visualize in a single synthetic image than a full description based on linear profiling. However, the acceptance of these new phenotypes by breeders and the complex nature of summarized shapes may be challenging. Due to the low genetic correlations of the summarized shapes with jumping performance, the methodology did not allow indirect performance selection criteria to be defined.
Automatic segmentation of large-scale CT image datasets for detailed body composition analysis
Authors: Ahmad Nouman , Strand Robin , Sparresäter Björn , Tarai Sambit , Lundström Elin , Bergström Göran , Ahlström Håkan , Kullberg Joel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Body composition (BC) is an important factor in determining the risk of type 2-diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Computed tomography (CT) is a useful imaging technique for studying BC, however manual segmentation of CT images is time-consuming and subjective. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate fully automated segmentation techniques applicable to a 3-slice CT imaging protocol, consisting of single slices at the level of the liver, abdomen, and thigh, allowing detailed analysis of numerous tissues and organs.

Methods
The study used more than 4000 CT subjects acquired from the large-scale SCAPIS and IGT cohort to train and evaluate four convolutional neural network based architectures: ResUNET, UNET++, Ghost-UNET, and the proposed Ghost-UNET++. The segmentation techniques were developed and evaluated for automated segmentation of the liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, bone marrow, cortical bone, and various adipose tissue depots, including visceral (VAT), intraperitoneal (IPAT), retroperitoneal (RPAT), subcutaneous (SAT), deep (DSAT), and superficial SAT (SSAT), as well as intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). The models were trained and validated for each target using tenfold cross-validation and test sets.

Results
The Dice scores on cross validation in SCAPIS were: ResUNET 0.964 (0.909–0.996), UNET++ 0.981 (0.927–0.996), Ghost-UNET 0.961 (0.904–0.991), and Ghost-UNET++ 0.968 (0.910–0.994). All four models showed relatively strong results, however UNET++ had the best performance overall. Ghost-UNET++ performed competitively compared to UNET++ and showed a more computationally efficient approach.

Conclusion
Fully automated segmentation techniques can be successfully applied to a 3-slice CT imaging protocol to analyze multiple tissues and organs related to BC. The overall best performance was achieved by UNET++, against which Ghost-UNET++ showed competitive results based on a more computationally efficient approach. The use of fully automated segmentation methods can reduce analysis time and provide objective results in large-scale studies of BC.
Fine-Scale analysis of both wild and cultivated horned galls provides insight into their quality differentiation
Authors: Tian Xufang , Sang Ziyang , Lan Zhaohui , Liu Wei , Feng Ying , Hu Juan , Chen Faju , Liu Yifei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Galla chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) produced due to the interaction between the Fordinae aphids and the Rhus plant species. Horned galls with high tannin content are the most widely cultivated gall type, and Wufeng county of Hubei province in China is the center of cultivation. However, long-term artificial cultivation and domestication of horned galls to meet the increasing production demand have led to quality degradation. Understanding the reasons underlying quality degradation is urgent for horned gall production and application. The present study used a combination of metabolic, genetic, and ecological analyses to investigate the quality and genetic differentiation of the horned galls under long-term domestication as well as the potential relationships between them.

Results
Analysis of gallic acid content and other three phenotypic traits (fresh weight, gall size, and wall thickness) revealed quality differentiation of horned galls collected from five locations in Wufeng, in which the cultivated samples from Wang Jiaping (WJP) showed the highest degradation. Genetic differentiation between the cultivated and wild Rhus chinensis trees in WJP, and between WJP and the other populations was detected based on SSR molecular markers, however, no significant difference in genetic structure was seen for the aphid populations. Among the various ecological factors examined, temperature was identified as the primary one affecting the quality of horned galls.

Conclusions
Both genetic and ecological factors caused quality differentiation of horned galls. The collection of diverse germplasm of host trees and aphids will help reduce the quality degradation of horned galls in Wufeng.
Modelling of intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay as a quality measure: a problematic exercise
Authors: Moran John L. , Duke Graeme J. , Santamaria John D. , Linden Ariel ,   the Australian & New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Centre for Outcomes & Resource Evaluation (CORE), Pilcher David , Secombe Paul , Litton Ed , Carr Craig , Millar Johnny , Henson Tamishta , Huckson Sue , Chavan Shaila , Hogan Jennifer 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) and the risk adjusted equivalent (RALOS) have been used as quality metrics. The latter measures entail either ratio or difference formulations or ICU random effects (RE), which have not been previously compared.

Methods
From calendar year 2016 data of an adult ICU registry-database (Australia & New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) CORE), LOS predictive models were established using linear (LMM) and generalised linear (GLMM) mixed models. Model fixed effects quality-metric formulations were estimated as RALOSR for LMM (geometric mean derived from log(ICU LOS)) and GLMM (day) and observed minus expected ICU LOS (OMELOS from GLMM). Metric confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated by bootstrapping; random effects (RE) were predicted for LMM and GLMM. Forest-plot displays of ranked quality-metric point-estimates (95%CI) were generated for ICU hospital classifications (metropolitan, private, rural/regional, and tertiary). Robust rank confidence sets (point estimate and 95%CI), both marginal (pertaining to a singular ICU) and simultaneous (pertaining to all ICU differences), were established.

Results
The ICU cohort was of 94,361 patients from 125 ICUs (metropolitan 16.9%, private 32.8%, rural/regional 6.4%, tertiary 43.8%). Age (mean, SD) was 61.7 (17.5) years; 58.3% were male; APACHE III severity-of-illness score 54.6 (25.7); ICU annual patient volume 1192 (702) and ICU LOS 3.2 (4.9). There was no concordance of ICU ranked model predictions, GLMM versus LMM, nor for the quality metrics used, RALOSR, OMELOS and site-specific RE for each of the ICU hospital classifications. Furthermore, there was no concordance between ICU ranking confidence sets, marginal and simultaneous for models or quality metrics.

Conclusions
Inference regarding adjusted ICU LOS was dependent upon the statistical estimator and the quality index used to quantify any LOS differences across ICUs. That is, there was no “one best model”; thus, ICU “performance” is determined by model choice and any rankings thereupon should be circumspect.
Patient-stimulated fall prevention screening in primary care: analysis of provider coding changes
Authors: Moran Ryan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed an evidenced based clinical screening tool, Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries (STEADI) but penetration into routine clinical practice has been slow. To increase screening for falls and fall risk in an internal medicine primary care practice, a patient-centered screening program was integrated into a busy academic clinic.

Methods
Over a three month period, Patients were invited to self-screen via a large poster in the waiting room, and complete a STEADI Staying Independent questionnaire, and discuss findings with their healthcare provider. Fall Prevention Booklets were made readily available in clinic exam rooms. Questionnaires and fall prevention booklets, were uniquely numbered, and Epic Slicer-Dicer reports were utilized to evaluate falls screening-related ICD-10 codes determined a priori. Generalized linear modeling calculated difference-in-difference compared with other clinics without this program for rates of coding for fall-related diagnosis codes.

Results
In three months, 255 questionnaires were taken; only 5 (2%) were returned for later review. 110 booklets were disseminated from clinic exam rooms. The absolute difference-in-difference in ICD-10 coding was 0.7% compared to other clinics in the same practice, and year before. Generalized linear modeling showed a 4.7% increased impact in screening-related ICD-10 codes, which was statistically significant (P =  < .0001) without reported disruption to clinical workflows.

Conclusion
There are indicators that patient-centered selective screening at a busy academic practice may have resulted in an increase in falls-related ICD-10 coding. Clinical integration of this program was well received.