bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic oscillation spectrum of surface resistance in layered organic compounds
Authors: Krstovska D , Skeparovski A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The magnetic quantum oscillations of surface resistance in quasi-two dimensional layered organic conductors have been obtained numerically for a magnetic field parallel to the surface. The resonance fields, which were theoretically calculated in a previous work on surface states, are found to coincide closely to the positions of the maxima in the ∂R/∂B curves. We find that, in quasi-two dimensional organic conductors, the transitions between the adjacent surface states are the most present transitions in the sum curve for surface resistance derivative oscillation spectrum. Our results, obtained from the calculations of the oscillation spectra of the individual series and the sum of six series, confirm that the theoretical description of surface states in the anisotropic organic conductors is essentially correct in its numerical aspects. These studies will be very helpful for analyzing and explaining the experimental curves and for their comparison with the theoretical results. Since there are yet no experimental data on surface impedance oscillations in quasi-two dimensional organic conductors with this work we would like to shed new light on this problem in order to motive new research in that direction mostly because of a need of such studies for a possible utilization of surface effects in the existing organic devices.
Distribution of 222Rn decay products in a soil sample
Authors: Alexandrescu B , Sima O , Ujeniuc S , Pojar I , Suvaila R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Common practice analysis of environmental samples is usually performed by assuming radon and its decay products from the U-Ra natural radioactive series are uniformly spread within the entire sample volume. This uniform distribution is an assumption we intended to test using a volume sample. The results show that the actual distribution is not uniform and consequently needs to be treated as such for both measurement purposes and related simulations. Immediate applications include cross-disciplinary activities such as environmental studies, metrology applications and health (radiation hazard).
Spiral light beams inspired by galaxies with dark matter
Authors: Mendoza-Hernández Job 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The rotation curves of galaxies reveal the presence of dark matter, which is currently one of the biggest mysteries in physics. We use the orbital angular momentum and linear momentum to connect two systems: the galaxies and the light beams. We customize the phase in light beams as a mixture of the radial and azimuthal components acting on a seed beam to show that their local linear momentum mimics the rotation curves behavior of galaxies. We theoretically analyze the resultant beams, which have a spiral behavior with one or more arms as they propagate, and an increase of topological charges in the central region.The analogy with astronomical phenomena can offer a renewed approach to tailoring the light beams and their fundamental properties.
Dark matter prospects with COSI: ALPs, PBHs and sub-GeV dark matter
Authors: Caputo Andrea , Negro Michela , Regis Marco , Taoso Marco 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the prospects in the search of dark matter offered by the newly selected NASA MeV mission COSI (Compton Spectrometer and Imager). This instrument is designed and optimized to detect spectral lines, and we show it offers an exquisite possibility to detect dark matter directly decaying or annihilating into monochromatic gamma-rays. This is the case, for example, for axion-like particles (ALPs) which undergo decay into two photons. Furthermore, we show that COSI can lead to important progress in the quest for primordial black holes (PBHs) dark matter, through measurements of the 511 keV line from the positrons produced via Hawking evaporation.
We also outline opportunities for the search of continuum signals, such as those expected from sub-GeV dark matter annihilation/decay into leptons and PBH evaporation into photons. We find that also in this case COSI can lead to improvements of current bounds.
Flux-controllable and fast state inversion in a Laudau–Zener system of superconducting charge qubit
Authors: Yan Run-Ying , Feng Zhi-Bo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Coherent control of quantum systems in an optimized manner is of significance to information processing and state engineering. In this paper, an effective scheme is proposed for implementing rapid state inversion in a Laudau–Zener (LZ) system of superconducting charge qubit. By linearly adjusting time-dependent gate charge, the system with a given tunneling splitting of energy can be described by the LZ model. By means of the applied flux capable of inducing desired level spacing, qubit state inversion with high probability can be performed in a short time. We further address the criterion to ensure system evolution with negligible non-adiabatic excitation. With the accessible decoherence rates, high-fidelity operations can be obtained numerically. Without adding auxiliary driving, the present strategy could perform the shortcut-like accelerated operation, which paves a promising avenue towards optimized information processing with superconducting qubits.
Physical Parameters of W UMa Type Contact Binaries and Their Stability of Mass Transfer
Authors: Gebreyesus Berikol Tekeste , Negu Seblu Humne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, we determined the physical parameters of W UMa type contact binaries and their stability of mass transfer with different stellar mass ranges over a broad space by applying the basic dynamical evolution equations of the W UMa type contact binaries using accretor and donor masses between 0.079 and 2.79 M
⊙. In these systems, we have studied the three subclasses of W UMa systems of A-, B- and W-type contact binaries using the initial and final mass ranges and we investigated different stellar and orbital parameters for the subclasses of W UMa systems. We examined the stability of the W UMa type contact binaries using the orbital parameters such as critical mass ratio, Roche lobe radius of the donor star and mass ratio of these systems. Thus, we computed the observed and calculated physical parameters of A-, B- and W-type W UMa systems. Moreover, we determined the combined and color temperatures to classify the three subclasses of the systems. Also, we presented the result of the internal stellar structure and evolution of W UMa type contact binaries by using the polytropic model.
Probing the Variation of Reverberation Lags along with X-Ray Flux in the AGN Mrk 704
Authors: Sriram K. , Lahiri Deblina , Agrawal Vivek K. , Nour D. , Choi C. S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Understanding the variation of lags with respect to the X-ray flux is important to explore the geometry of the inner region of the accretion disk in AGNs. We performed frequency-lag, energy–lag and spectral studies for two sets of observations, in order to investigate the variations in lags with respect to X-ray flux in the AGN source Mrk 704 using the XMM-Newton observatory. We divided one of the light curves into two sections which were noticed to exhibit a flux variation. The frequency-lag spectra in different energy domains revealed that reverberation (soft) lags varied along with the flux. For the first time, we show that the blurred reflection model can consistently explain the soft excess observed in the X-ray spectra for this source. The fluxes of soft (i.e., reflection) and hard components were noted to vary by ∼18% and ∼9% respectively, across the sections. The soft lag amplitude was found to be larger at the high flux state than the amplitude at the low flux state. Most importantly, we found that both frequency-lag and energy–lag spectra do not display significant variation between two observational data sets despite a flux variation of 43%. This phenomenon cannot be explained by the reflection model because the soft lag amplitudes must be larger in the high flux state. The probable scenario is that, in the low flux state, the obscuring cloud delays the reflected soft photons which increases the soft lag amplitude.
Total ionizing dose effects on ring-oscillators and SRAMs in a commercial 28 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Borghello G. , Bergamin G. , Ceresa D. , Pejašinović R. , Diaz F.P. , Kloukinas K. , Pulli A. , Ripamonti G. , Caratelli A. , Andorno M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A test chip with 368 ring-oscillators and 4 different SRAMs has been designed to study the effect of total ionizing dose on a commercial 28 nm CMOS technology. The chip has been exposed to 1 Grad(SiO2), followed by a week of annealing at T = 100 °C. The results will be compared to those obtained on single (i.e., isolated) devices in the same 28 nm process and on a similar chip in 65 nm CMOS technology. This test confirms the robustness of the 28 nm technology to ionizing radiation, enabling the development of ASICs capable of surviving in environments with hundreds of Mrad.
Check on the features of potted 20-inch PMTs with 1F3 electronics prototype at Pan-Asia
Authors: Liu Caimei , Li Min , Wang Zhimin , Hu Jun , Anfimov Nikolay , Fan Lei , Garfagnini Alberto , Gong Guanghua , Hou Shaojing , Ji Xiaolu , Jiang Xiaoshan , Korablev Denis , Lachenmaier Tobias , Ma Si , Ma Xiaoyan , Ning Zhe , Olshevskiy Alexander G. , Peng Zhaoyuan , Qin Zhonghua , Sterr Tobias , Sun Yunhua , Tietzsch Alexander Felix , Wang Jun , Wang Wei , Wang Yangfu , Wen Kaile , Wonsak Bjoern Soenke , Xie Wan , Xu Meihang , Yan Xiongbo , Yang Yifan , Zhao Rong , Zhou Tong , Zhu Kejun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory (JUNO) is a
neutrino project with a 20-kton liquid scintillator detector located
700-m underground. The large 20-inch PMTs are one of the crucial
components of the JUNO experiment aiming for precision neutrino
measurements with better than 3% energy resolution at 1 MeV. The
excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial volume provide many
exciting opportunities for addressing important topics in neutrino
and astroparticle physics. With the container #D at JUNO Pan-Asia
PMT testing and potting station, the features of waterproof potted
20-inch PMTs were measured with JUNO 1F3 electronics prototype in
waveform and charge, which are valuable for a better understanding
of the performance of the waterproof potted PMTs and the JUNO 1F3
electronics. In this paper, the basic features of the JUNO 1F3
electronics prototype run at Pan-Asia will be introduced, followed
by an analysis of the waterproof potted 20-inch PMTs and a
comparison with the results from commercial electronics used by
container #A and #B.
Development and characterization of a passive, bio-inspired flow-tracking sensor
Authors: Galler J N , Rival D E 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The effective natural transport of seeds in turbulent atmospheric flows is found across a myriad of shapes and sizes. However, to develop a sensitive passive sensor required for large-scale (in situ) flow tracking measurements, systems suffer from inertial lag due to the increased size and mass needed for optical visibility, or by carrying a sensor payload, such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU). While IMU-based flow sensing is promising for beyond visual line-of-sight applications, the size and mass of the sensor platform results in reduced flow fidelity and, hence, measurement error. Thus, to extract otherwise inaccessible flow information, a flow-physics-based tracer correction is developed through the application of a low-order unsteady aerodynamic model, inspired by the added-mass concept. The technique is evaluated using a sensor equipped with an IMU and magnetometer. A spherical sensor platform, selected for its symmetric geometry, was subject to two canonical test cases including an axial gust as well as the vortex shedding generated behind a cylinder. Using the measured sensor velocity and acceleration as inputs, an energized-mass-based dynamic model is used to back-calculate the instantaneous flow velocity from the sensor measurements. The sensor is also tracked optically via a high-speed camera while collecting the inertial data onboard. For the 1D test case (axial gust), the true (local) wind speed was estimated from the energized-mass-based model and validated against particle image velocimetry measurements, exhibiting good agreement with a maximum error of 10%. For the cylinder wake (second test case), the model-based correction enabled the extraction of the velocity oscillation amplitude and vortex-shedding frequency, which would have otherwise been inaccessible. The results of this study suggest that inertial (i.e. large and heavy) IMU-based flow sensors are viable for the extraction of Lagrangian tracking at large atmospheric scales and within highly-transient (turbulent) environments when coupled with a robust dynamic model for inertial correction.
Porous polymeric microparticles foamed with supercritical CO2 as scattering white pigments
Authors: Borgmann Luisa Maren , Johnsen Siegbert , Santos de Oliveira Cristine , Martins de Souza e Silva Juliana , Li Juan , Kirchlechner Christoph , Gomard Guillaume , Wiegand Gabriele , Hölscher Hendrik 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most commercially relevant white pigment. Nonetheless, it is widely criticized due to its energy-intensive extraction and costly disposal of harmful by-products. Furthermore, recent studies discuss its potential harm for the environment and the human health. Environment-friendly strategies for the replacement of TiO2 as a white pigment can be inspired from nature. Here whiteness often originates from broadband light scattering air cavities embedded in materials with refractive indices much lower than that of TiO2. Such natural prototypes can be mimicked by introducing air-filled nano-scale cavities into commonly used polymers. Here, we demonstrate the foaming of initially transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres with non-toxic, inert, supercritical CO2. The properties of the foamed, white polymeric pigments with light scattering nano-pores are evaluated as possible replacement for TiO2 pigments. For that, the inner foam structure of the particles was imaged by phase-contrast x-ray nano-computed tomography (nano-CT), the optical properties were evaluated via spectroscopic measurements, and the mechanical stability was examined by micro compression experiments. Adding a diffusion barrier surrounding the PMMA particles during foaming allows to extend the foaming process towards smaller particles. Finally, we present a basic white paint prototype as exemplary application.
4DEnVar-based inversion system for ammonia emission estimation in China through assimilating IASI ammonia retrievals
Authors: Jin Jianbing , Fang Li , Li Baojie , Liao Hong , Wang Ye , Han Wei , Li Ke , Pang Mijie , Wu Xingyi , Xiang Lin Hai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric ammonia has been hazardous to the environment and human health for decades. Current inventories are usually constructed in a bottom-up manner and subject to uncertainties and incapable of reproducing the spatiotemporal characteristics of ammonia emission. Satellite measurements, for example, Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) and Cross-Track Infrared Sounder, which provide global coverage of ammonia distribution, have gained popularity in ammonia emission estimation through data assimilation methods. However, satellite-based emission inversion studies on China are limited. In this study, we propose a four-dimensional ensemble variational-based ammonia emission inversion system to optimize ammonia emissions in China. It was developed by assimilating the IASI ammonia retrievals onboard Meteorological Operational satellite A and B into a chemical transport model Goddard Earth Observing System Chemical model (GEOS-Chem). Monthly inversion experiments were conducted in April, July, and October 2016 to test the performance. The inversion result indicated that the prior inventory from the MEIC model captured ammonia spreads in general; however, it heterogeneously underrated the emission intensity. The increments obtained in the assimilation were as high as 50% in North, East, and Northwest China. The posterior emission inventory presented a regional emission flux consistent with relevant studies. Driven by the optimized source estimate, GEOS-Chem provides superior results than using the prior in the evaluation of the assimilated IASI retrievals and the surface ammonia concentration measured by the ground-based Ammonia Monitoring Network in China.
Global scaling of precipitation extremes using near-surface air temperature and dew point temperature
Authors: Tian Bingru , Chen Hua , Yin Jiabo , Liao Zhen , Li Na , He Shaokun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Global warming has altered the energy budget and water cycle processes of the land–atmosphere system, which has resulted in significant effects on precipitation extremes. Previous studies have identified a hook structure between near-surface temperature and precipitation extremes, in which extremes increase with temperature rises and decline thereafter. However, the underlying physical mechanisms of this association remain poorly understood. In this study, global-scale responses of precipitation extremes to near-surface air temperature (SAT) and dew point temperature (DPT) were quantified using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The results reveal a hook structure between precipitation extremes scaling and temperature, for both SAT and DPT, over many regions worldwide. The peak point temperature (T
pp) ranges from 15 °C to 25 °C, increasing as latitude decreased. The association of precipitation extremes with SAT is negative in many areas in the tropics, whereas that with DPT is almost always positive; this suggests that moisture supply is the main factor limiting precipitation at higher surface temperatures. The hook structure and scaling rates incompatible with Clausius–Clapeyron scaling are associated with various factors including precipitation duration, total column water vapour, convective available potential energy, and relative humidity.
Spherical vector waves: their generation using a 4π optical array
Authors: Camas-Aquino F , Quinto-Su P A , Jáuregui R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Spherical vector waves (SVW) are the natural basis that correlates internal multipole transitions of atomic systems to specific configurations of the electromagnetic field. We theoretically identify the SVW fields that could be approximately generated from incident cylindrical beams using a 4π optical array. A comparison is made between the near electromagnetic field of ideal SVW to that of the spherical spots generated by cylindrical incident laser beams with the selected angular spectra and a finite lens aperture of the 4π system. The fidelity is taken as figure of merit. Some challenges on the implementation of the SVW are briefly discussed.
Photophysics of blue quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Zhigulin Ivan , Yamamura Karin , Ivády Viktor , Gale Angus , Horder Jake , Lobo Charlene J , Kianinia Mehran , Toth Milos , Aharonovich Igor 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Colour centres in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have emerged as intriguing contenders for integrated quantum photonics. In this work, we present a detailed photophysical analysis of hBN single emitters emitting at the blue spectral range. The emitters are fabricated by different electron beam irradiation and annealing conditions and exhibit narrow-band luminescence centred at 436 nm. Photon statistics as well as rigorous photodynamics analysis unveils potential level structure of the emitters, which suggests lack of a metastable state, supported by a theoretical analysis. The potential defect can have an electronic structure with fully occupied defect state in the lower half of the hBN band gap and empty defect state in the upper half of the band gap. Overall, our results are important to understand the photophysical properties of the emerging family of blue quantum emitters in hBN as potential sources for scalable quantum photonic applications.
Estimating thermal energy loads in remote and northern communities to facilitate a net-zero transition
Authors: Maynard Ian , Abdulla Ahmed 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Canada has more than 350 remote and northern communities, most of which rely on diesel for their electric and thermal needs. This reliance is deleterious to climate, health, albedo, and energy security—all diesel must be imported. The government is working to transition these communities to climate-friendly and sustainable alternatives, but assessments of this transition are hampered by limited data availability, especially the absence of hourly thermal load profiles. Here, we develop a method for estimating the thermal load profiles of these communities; apply it to 40 communities that vary across characteristics like population, location, accessibility, and Indigenous identity; and seek to validate these profiles with the few empirical data that exist. We also develop a model to predict the thermal load of a remote and northern community using limited, available information like population and location. This paper represents the first attempt to simulate hourly thermal load profiles for these communities. We find that thermal loads are large—the hourly thermal load can be up to 23 times the hourly electrical load in winter, which has implications for investment planning. Our research helps communities, investors, and analysts develop robust transition plans as they seek to decarbonize northern communities’ energy systems.
Gustation Across the Class Insecta: Body Locations
Authors: King Bethia H , Gunathunga Panchalie B 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis review summarizes which body parts have taste function in which insect taxa. Evidence of taste by mouthparts, antennae, and tarsi is widespread. Mouthparts that commonly have taste function are the labium, including the labella and labial palps, the maxillae, including the galeae and maxillary palps, the inner surface of the labrum or clypeolabrum of chewers, and inside the precibarium/cibarium of hemipterans, which have piercing-sucking mouthparts. Tasting with mandibles has not been found, and tasting with the hypopharynx is seldom reported. Use of the antennae appears uncommon among fly species, but common among species of lepidopterans, hymenopterans, beetles, and bugs. Although tasting with legs, especially tarsi, is reported mostly for fly and lepidopteran species, there is also evidence of it for multiple species of beetles, grasshoppers, and hemipterans, and one species of a roach, an ant, and a bee. Ovipositor taste function has been supported for some species of flies, lepidopterans, hymenopterans, orthopterans, and odonates. Taste by wings has been much less studied, but has been documented in a few fly species. Taste remains unstudied for any species or any body parts of Archaeognatha, Dermaptera, Mantodea, Mecoptera, Phasmatodea, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Phthiraptera, Psocoptera, Siphonaptera, as well as Raphidioptera, Strepsiptera, Embioptera, Notoptera, and Zoraptera. Across holometabolous insects, larvae have not often been examined, the exception being some species of lepidopterans, flies, and beetles. Taste studies of antenna and legs are uncommon for even lepidopteran and beetle larvae.