bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Zhao Yannan , Wang Biyun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among women worldwide and the most common cancer in China. Many factors influence the treatment strategy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Chemotherapy should be administered to patients with hormone receptor-negative tumors, symptomatic visceral metastasis, and a short disease-free interval. Sequential single-agent chemotherapy has similar efficacy as combination agents in terms of overall survival and quality of life. Anthracyclines are the cornerstone of first-line treatment for MBC, and taxanes represent the second treatment option after resistance. When progression or intolerable toxicity occurs after optimal treatment, the alternative treatments include capecitabine, vinorelbine, and gemcitabine. Ixabepilone and eribulin are relatively new effective single agents. A combination of cytotoxic agents for patients with rapid clinical progression can further improve the overall response rate and time to progression compared to single-agent treatment. For patients with MBC who were pretreated with anthracyclines in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting, a taxane-containing regimen such as docetaxel plus capecitabine or gemcitabine plus paclitaxel should be administered. Platinum-based therapies such as cisplatin or carboplatin have a role in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Meanwhile, the efficacy of the addition of targeted drugs such as iniparib, bevacizumab, and cetuximab to chemotherapy remains unproven. Maintenance chemotherapy is routinely recommended in clinical practice at present. Patients who were previously treated with paclitaxel and gemcitabine have better progression-free and overall survival with maintenance chemotherapy according to a Korean phase III clinical trial. Sequential maintenance treatment with capecitabine monotherapy after capecitabine-based combination chemotherapy (X-based X) appears favorable based on a series of domestic studies.
Dosimetric consequences of tumor volume changes after kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography for non-operative lung cancer during adaptive intensity-modulated radiotherapy or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Hu Jian , Xu Ximing , Yuan Guangjin , Ge Wei , Xu Liming , Zhang Aihua , Deng Junjian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate tumor volume changes with kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography (kV-CBCT) and their dosimetric consequences for non-operative lung cancer during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy.MethodsEighteen patients with non-operative lung cancer who received IMRT consisting of 1.8-2.2 Gy/fraction and five fractions per week or stereotactic radiotherapy with 5-8 Gy/fraction and three fractions a week were studied. kV-CBCT was performed once per week during IMRT and at every fraction during stereotactic radiotherapy. The gross tumor volume (GTV) was contoured on the kV-CBCT images, and adaptive treatment plans were created using merged kV-CBCT and primary planning computed tomography image sets. Tumor volume changes and dosimetric parameters, including the minimum dose to 95% (D95) or 1% (D1) of the planning target volume (PTV), mean lung dose (MLD), and volume of lung tissue that received more than 5 (V5), 10 (V10), 20 (V20), and 30 (V30) Gy were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe average maximum change in GTV observed during IMRT or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy was -25.85% (range, -13.09% - -56.76%). The D95and D1 of PTV for the adaptive treatment plans in all patients were not significantly different from those for the initial or former adaptive treatment plans. In patients with tumor volume changes of >20% in the third or fourth week of treatment during IMRT, adaptive treatment plans offered clinically meaningful decreases in MLD and V5, V10, V20, and V30; however, in patients with tumor volume changes of < 20% in the third or fourth week of treatment as well as in patients with stereotactic radiotherapy, there were no significant or clinically meaningful decreases in the dosimetric parameters.ConclusionAdaptive treatment planning for decreasing tumor volume during IMRT may be beneficial for patients who experience tumor volume changes of >20% in the third or fourth week of treatment.
Advancements in radiotherapy for lung cancer in China
Authors: Zhao Lujun , Wang Luhua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of death due to cancer in China. In recent years, great progress has been made in radiotherapy for lung cancer patients in China. The main advancements include the following aspects: (1) stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), (2) post-operative radiotherapy for NSCLC, (3) combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced NSCLC, (4) improved radiotherapy for advanced NSCLC, and 5) prediction of radiation-induced lung toxicity.
Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of carcinosarcoma of the female genital tract
Authors: Zhu Jun , Wen Hao , Wu Xiaohua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Carcinosarcomas of the female genital tract are highly aggressive and rare tumors, differing from other malignant gynecological tumors in that they contain both malignant carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Because carcinosarcomas are rapidly progressive, less sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and have a high probability of recurrence, patients with advanced uterine and ovarian carcinosarcomas have poorer survival than those with endometrial or high-grade serous carcinomas. Although the treatment strategies are controversial, a comprehensive management approach is recommended, which involves complete debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Molecular-targeted therapies are promising for the management and improvement in the overall survival of patients with carcinosarcomas.
Investigation of quality of life in patients with lung cancer by the EORTC QLQ-C30 (V3.0) Chinese version ⁎
Authors: Li Jun , Xiao Xiaoguang , Wei Yao , Li Yang , Zou Man , Yu Shiying , Chen Yuan , Chu Qian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To explore quality of life (QOL) and its influencing factors in patients with lung cancer.

Methods
A QOL questionnaire (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 [QLQ-C30] Chinese version) was used with 138 patients with lung cancer participating in the study. A statistical description of the general characteristics of the patients with lung cancer was performed. The patients’ QLQ-C30 scores were compared with the reference value for each dimension. To analyze the influence of QOL in different genders, age groups, and cancer stages, t-tests and rank sum tests were used to compare the differences in QOL using a 5% significance level. Results The QLQ-C30 function scores in PF (physical functioning), EF (emotional functioning), SF (social functioning), and GH (global functioning), and symptom scales in NV (nausea and vomiting), DY (dyspnea), SL (insomnia), and FI (financial difficulties) were significantly different (P < 0.05) in comparison to the reference values. Female patients were worse than males (P < 0.05) in EF, NV, and DI (diarrhea). The later the stage of lung cancer, the worse the quality of life became; the functional scales in RF (role functioning), EF, CF, SF, and GH, and symptom scales in PA (pain), AP (appetite), and SL differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
This study aids understanding of the status of the quality of life of Chinese patients with cancer and might be useful for clinical work, theory research, and health policymakers.
Lung cancer: Progress, current status, and controversies
Authors: Chen Yuan 
Published: June 2023

Yuan Chen,
Professor of Oncology, Doctoral Supervisor; the Deputy Director of the Oncology Department and the Director of the Thoracic Oncology Department in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of HUST, China. Prof. Chen graduated from Tongji Medical University in 1985 and studied in the MD Anderson Cancer Center as a visiting associate professor from August 2002 to August 2003. He has worked in the clinical, teaching, and research fields of oncology for 29 years. He is an expert in tumor diagnosis and treatment, especially in thoracic oncology, and in palliative care and radiation therapy. He has undertaken in-depth studies and, his achievements are as follows: Member of Council, CHINESE ANTI-CANCER ASSOCIATION (CACA); Vice Chairman, Cancer Rehabilitation and Palliative Care Committee, CACA; Chairman, Cancer Rehabilitation and Palliative Care Committee, HUBEI ANTI-CANCER ASSOCIATION; Vice Chairman, Lung Cancer Committee, HUBEI ANTI-CANCER ASSOCIATION; Vice Chairman, Hubei Targeted Therapy Committee; Vice Chairman, Radiation Oncology Committee, WUHAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION; Vice Chairman, Hubei Stereotactic Radiotherapy Committee.
Clinical study of docetaxel plus S-1 as neoadjuvant therapy for advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Chai Yuxiao , Han Yu , Wang Bing , Zhang Yi , Qu Xinglong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, and operative complications of docetaxel in combination with S-1 for treating patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Methods
From July 2013 to December 2014, 30 patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated with i.v. docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day 1 and oral S-1 60 mg/m2 bid on days 1-14 every 3 weeks. The efficacy and toxicity were evaluated after two chemotherapy cycles.

Results
The overall treatment response (complete response [CR] + partial response [PR]) was 76.6% (23/30), CR was 6.7% (2/30), PR was 70.0% (21/30), SD was 23.3% (7/30), and progression disease was 0% (0/30). All patients were treated surgically. Twenty-six patients received radical surgery; of them, 23 received D2 lymph node dissection. The other four patients received exploratory celiotomy. No patients died in the group, and the adverse reactions included neutropenia, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

Conclusion
Docetaxel/S-1 combination is highly active, safe, and well tolerated in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Further investigations in randomized studies are warranted.
Cine magnetic resonance imaging for quantitative assessment of healthy volunteers and patients with organic small bowel disease ⁎
Authors: Wang Zi , Tang Hao , Li Jianjun , Wang Qiuxia , Shen Yaqi , Li Zhen , Yuan Sishu , Hu Daoyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to use dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare quantitative parameters of small bowel motility between healthy volunteers and patients with small bowel diseases in order to investigate the characteristics of normal and impaired bowel peristalsis.MethodsA total of 44 healthy volunteers (20 men, 24 women; mean age: 36 years; range: 20-61 years) and 42 patients (28 men, 14 women; mean age: 44 years; range: 15-72 years) with organic small bowel disease were recruited in our hospital (Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China) in this prospective study approved by the hospital institutional review board. Imaging was performed using a 3.0-T scanner 45 minutes after standardized oral administration of 1500 mL non-absorbable fluid (2.5% mannitol). A serial coronal scan was performed at selected planes for two minutes without breath-hold. Time-caliber curves were plotted at two well-distended small bowel loops in both healthy and patient groups regardless of location. Luminal diameter (LD), contraction period (CP), frequency of contraction (FC), and amplitude-diameter ratio (ADR) were measured based on the graph.ResultsThe characteristics of abnormal peristaltic parameters were assessed in different patients and compared to normal curves from healthy volunteers. A total of 37 segments with abnormal motility were confirmed by two readers in consensus, based on curve patterns and the presence of a stationary phase. Compared to normal peristalsis in healthy volunteers, five different patterns of impaired peristalsis were identified: I, consecutive; II, slow; III, giant type; IV, uncoordinated; and V, akinetic. Dilated LDs were detected in all instances of abnormal peristalsis (P< 0.05). Increased frequency was found in type I [(8.73 ± 1.15) /min], while decreased frequency was detected in type III peristalsis [(0.67 ± 0.29) /min]. There were no significant differences in frequency between type II [(3.19 ± 0.43) /min] and normal peristalsis [(3.45 ± 0.57) /min]. Apart from type I [(8.70 ± 0.75) /min], increased FCs were found in all other abnormal patterns. In type II peristalsis, the average ADR value was 0.82 ± 0.08, comparable to the ADR value in the healthy group (0.83 ± 0.13).ConclusionMR cine is an effective method for differentiating normal and abnormal small bowel peristalsis. Plotting time-caliber curves and measuring quantitative MR cine parameters such as LD, CP, FC, and ADR offers more precise information about small bowel motility.
Progress in research on the relationships among tumor blood supply patterns
Authors: Li Jie , Du Xiaobo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Tumor cell growth, invasion, and metastasis require a blood supply. The diversity of tumor blood supply patterns and the biological properties of tumor cells play important roles in these processes. The discovery of vascular mimicry (VM) has enhanced the understanding of the plasticity of tumor cells and angiogenesis. VM is only a supplemental form of tumor microcirculation. However, the extensive clinical significance and special formation of VM have generated new ideas regarding anti-vascular tumor therapy. Currently, the exploration of the relationship between VM and other blood supply patterns is in the early stages, and many questions remain unanswered. Further in-depth studies of the relationships among tumor blood supply patterns will identify novel anti-tumor therapeutics.
Analysis of long-term outcomes and application of the tumor regression grading system in the therapeutic assessment of resectable limited-disease small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Shuonan , Zhu Jianfei , Dou Yawei , Tian Wei , Dai Yun , Luo Xianghui , Wang Hongtao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe present study attempted to evaluate the value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in limiteddisease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC), and to identify the predictive value of the tumor regression grading (TRG) system in LD-SCLC treatment-response and prognosis.MethodsThe records of patients with LD-SCLC (p-Stage I-IIIa) who underwent definitive radical resection at Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital between March 1, 2000 and March 31, 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. We compared the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates between Group A patients (patients who underwent surgery combined with pre- and post-operative chemotherapy) and Group B patients (patients who underwent surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy only) using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Mantel-Cox test. The specimens of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were reassessed according to the TRG system.ResultsThe median DFS for 27 patients was 16.267 months and the median OS was 81.167 months (1-year OS, 74.07%; 3-year OS, 22.22%; 5-year OS, 14.81%). Thirteen patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and their specimens were reassessed by TRG (pathological complete remission, 3/13, 23.08%). Patients in group A had a longer OS than those in group B (mean, 93.782 months versus 42.322 months,P= 0.025), although there was no significant difference in DFS between the two groups (median 20.100 months versus 14.667 months,P= 0.551). Statistical analysis revealed that TRG Grade (G) 0 (mean, 61.222 months) was associated with better OS than G1-2 (mean, 31.213 months) (P= 0.311).ConclusionOur study indicated that neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgical resection may represent a feasible treatment method for patients with LD-SCLC. The TRG system may be a valuable prediction tool to assess neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic efficacy, especially in patients with G0 disease as determined by TRG; these patients may attain an improved survival benefit with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Epinephrine use during chemotherapy to treat severe tracheal stenosis secondary to advanced esophageal cancer: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yao Qiang , Zhou Yan , Xu Chunni , Min Ke , Jin Jun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Dyspnea from tracheal stenosis due to compression by a tumor is an emergency that complicates therapy in oncology. We report a case of advanced esophageal cancer in a 56-year-old male who developed severe dyspnea due to airway compression by mediastinal lymph node enlargement. We used epinephrine by subcutaneous injection and aerosol inhalation to temporarily relieve dyspnea while the patient received bevacizumab and chemotherapy. The dyspnea had subsided considerably after 5 days, and the mediastinal lymph nodes were significantly reduced after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. However, the patient died of massive tracheal hemorrhage 2 months later.
Middle lobe torsion after right upper and lower lobectomy: repositioning of lobar torsion using a 3-cm uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Zhang Ruijie , Cai Yixin , Fu Shengling , Fu Xiangning , Zhang Ni 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We aimed to describe a method for repositioning of right middle lobar torsion by using a 3-cm uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) approach. Middle lobe torsion occurred after right upper and lower lobectomy in a 74-year-old man. Immediate re-exploratory thoracotomy using the 3-cm uniportal VATS approach was performed. The torsion was corrected, and the lobe was anchored to the anterior chest wall with Prolene stitches. The patient recovered well postoperatively with daily improvements in chest radiographic findings. Follow-up examination was performed using fiberbronchoscopy, which revealed an unobstructed right middle lobe bronchus and sticky yellow sputum. Follow-up chest computed tomography was performed 3 months after the primary surgery and revealed increased expansion of the right middle lobe. We repositioned the right middle lobe successfully by using the 3-cm uniportal VATS approach, but more cases are needed to confirm the feasibility of the approach. Lobectomy remains the primary treatment option for such cases.
Sex-related changes in tumor consistency in prolactinoma patients after bromocriptine pretreatment ⁎
Authors: Huang Yimin , Hu Feng , Wu Kang , Chen Juan , Li Ran , Xu Hao , Lei Ting 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
It has long been reported that prolactinomas treated with bromocriptine increase fibrosis and may affect surgical outcomes. We retrospectively studied 238 consecutive patients with histopathologically confirmed prolactinomas undergoing microsurgery in a single neurosurgery department of Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China) from 2012 to 2015 in order to evaluate tumor consistency changes after bromocriptine pretreatment and surgical outcomes.

Methods
We divided the patients into four groups: males in the dopamine agonist (DA) group, females in the DA group, males in the no DA group, and females in the no DA group, and we compared the surgery process, specimen Masson staining, and clinical outcomes of the four groups. According to a previously published classification, the operative notes from an experienced neurosurgeon were reviewed to classify the consistency of tumors as “fibrous” or “nonfibrous”.

Results
No differences in tumor consistency were found in male patients with or without DA treatment. However, in female patients with DA treatment, tumors were likely to be harder in texture than the tumors of female patients without DA treatment. Despite tumor consistency differences between sexes, the tumor biological remission rate was similar between groups, as was the rate of tumor resection.

Discussion
Our study indicates that preoperative DA therapy impacts tumor consistency in female patients but not male patients. Although the surgical and histopathological outcomes are not influenced, these findings may provide useful information for the choice of operative approach and surgery process for pituitary adenoma.
Milk fat globule epithelial growth factor VIII (MFG-E8) sustains survival of cancer cells by prompting tumor angiogenesis and suppressing host immunities ⁎
Authors: Nie Keke , Liu Shichao , Zhang Ling , Zhang Zhongfa , Zou Xiao , Ji Youxin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMilk fat globule epithelial growth factor VIII (MFG-E8) is a novel adhesion protein mainly produced by macrophages and dendritic cells; it is expressed in most of the human tissues and functions to prompt cancer progression and survival. MFG-E8 contains a signal sequence for secretion, two epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains at the NH2 terminus and two discoidin domains with blood-clotting factor V/factor VIII (C1 and C2) at the COOH terminus. The second EGF domain contains an arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) integrin-binding motif that engages αvβ5integrins to facilitate cell adhesion and induce integrinmediated signal transduction. Integrin αvβ3associates with VEGF receptor 2, engagement of integrins can promote angiogenesis, which plays key roles in growth, proliferation, and survival of cancer cells. VEGF stimulates the expression of αvβ3and αvβ5integrins on angiogenic vasculature, thereby potentiating effects of VEGF receptor engagement. Mice expressing a mutant form of αvβ3integrin are unable to undergo tyrosine phosphorylation, confirming the important role that this integrin plays in pathological angiogenesis and providing important mechanistic insights. The C-terminus discoidin-like domains promote binding to membrane phospholipids, functioning close to VEGF like angiogenesis. MFG-E8 is an opsonin for apoptotic cells, and it acts as a bridging protein between apoptotic cells and phagocytes. It also influences cell immunities by altering CD4+and/or CD8+cells. Antibody or small peptide works with MFG-E8 at different functional sites or interacts with EGF-like domains and/or discoidin-like domains may play an important role in anti-angiogenesis or immune restoration. Altering the structures and/or functions of MFG-E8 and/or its domains is promising for development of novel anti-cancer strategies.List of abbreviations:milk fat globule epithelial growth factor VIII (MFG-E8); vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs); fibroblast growth factor (FGF); tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD); granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (P21WAF1/CIP1); B-cell lymphoma 2/Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bcl-2/Bax); platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ); tumor cells proliferation rate index (Ki-67); toll-like receptor (TLR)
Implications of the mismatch repair-deficient status for the management of colorectal cancers
Authors: Wei Qing , Shen Lin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Although the majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases develop through the CIN pathway, approximately 15% of cases are caused by the hypermutation known as microsatellite instability (MSI) that is a consequence of deficient (d) DNA mismatch repair (MMR). dMMR CRCs have distinct phenotypic characteristics compared with microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. MSI CRC is associated with an earlier stage at diagnosis and improved stage-specific prognosis, although this is controversial in stage IV patients. Current evidence supports the use of adjuvant chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine plus oxaliplatin for stage III dMMR CRC. The distinctive genomic characterization and expression profiling of dMMR CRC paves the way for tailored immunotherapies. This is supported by recent studies that highlighted the efficacy of immunotherapy in dMMR CRC. Here, we describe the molecular aspects of the MMR system and discuss the associations of MMR-deficient/MSI-H status with clinical management, especially for patients with metastatic CRC.