bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On higher-order Fourier analysis in characteristic p
Authors: CANDELA PABLO , GONZÁLEZ-SÁNCHEZ DIEGO , SZEGEDY BALÁZS 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the nilspace approach to higher-order Fourier analysis is developed in the setting of vector spaces over a prime field
$\mathbb {F}_p$
, with applications mainly in ergodic theory. A key requisite for this development is to identify a class of nilspaces adequate for this setting. We introduce such a class, whose members we call p-homogeneous nilspaces. One of our main results characterizes these objects in terms of a simple algebraic property. We then prove various further results on these nilspaces, leading to a structure theorem describing every finite p-homogeneous nilspace as the image, under a nilspace fibration, of a member of a simple family of filtered finite abelian p-groups. The applications include a description of the Host–Kra factors of ergodic
$\mathbb {F}_p^\omega $
-systems as p-homogeneous nilspace systems. This enables the analysis of these factors to be reduced to the study of such nilspace systems, with central questions on the factors thus becoming purely algebraic problems on finite nilspaces. We illustrate this approach by proving that for
$k\leq p+1$
the kth Host–Kra factor is an Abramov system of order at most k, extending a result of Bergelson–Tao–Ziegler that holds for
$k< p$
. We illustrate the utility of p-homogeneous nilspaces also by showing that the structure theorem yields a new proof of the Tao–Ziegler inverse theorem for Gowers norms on
$\mathbb {F}_p^n$
.
The Past Explains the Present: Dealing with Anfal in the Kurdistan Region
Authors: Saeed Nahwi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract“Transitional justice” refers to a set of strategies for promoting reconciliation in societies that have been ravaged by conflict and human rights abuses in the recent past. In some cases, however, the political leaders of post-conflict societies choose not to pursue transitional justice, instead preferring to keep the status-quo peace. This essay explores the situation in the Kurdistan region of Iraq after the genocidal Anfal campaign of the late 1980s. The Kurdish political authorities at the time did not use any transitional justice measure against the Kurds who collaborated in the persecution and killing of their fellow Kurds. Instead, they declared a unilateral amnesty for all collaborators, without the consent of the victims’ families. This paper argues that this grant of “blanket amnesty,” which protected the accused from legal liability at the expense of victims’ right to justice, brought neither justice nor peace. Conversely, it negatively affected the process of democratization, rule of law, and social reconciliation in the region. The paper concludes that justice and lasting peace will not be realized in the region if the abuses of the past are left unaddressed.
Modern Family? The Gendered Effects of Marriage and Childbearing on Voter Turnout
Authors: Bellettini Giorgio , Berti Ceroni Carlotta , Cantoni Enrico , Monfardini Chiara , Schafer Jerome 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn many democracies, gender differences in voter turnout have narrowed or even reversed. Yet, it appears that women participate more in some circumstances and men in others. Here we study how life trajectories – specifically, marriage and having children – will impact male and female turnout differently, depending on household-level context. To this end, we leverage a unique administrative panel dataset from Italy, an established democracy where traditional family structures remain important. Our within-individual estimates show that marriage increases men's participation to women's higher pre-marital levels, particularly so in low-income families. We also find that infants depress maternal turnout, especially among more traditional families, whereas primary school children stimulate paternal turnout. Exploring aggregate-level consequences, we show that demographic trends in marriage and fertility have contributed to recent shifts in the gender composition of the electorate. Together, our results highlight the importance of the family as a variable in political analyses.
“The Kurds Have Not Made Love Their Aim”: Love, Sexuality, Gender, and Drag in Ehmedê Xanî's Mem û Zîn
Authors: Leezenberg Michiel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the concepts and norms of gender and sexuality in Ehmedê Xanî's 17th-century mathnawi poem Mem û Zîn, nowadays regarded as the Kurdish national epic. A reading of this poem with the aid of the conceptual tools of gender studies and the history of sexuality reveals how different its norms and concepts are not only from modern Kurdish ones, but also from those of classical Persian literature. Although the poem does not hint at any taboo concerning male love for beardless boys, it does display a remarkable asymmetry between male and female same-sex desire; it also displays distinct views of legitimate and transgressive sexuality. Thus, this poem encourages a more historicizing view of the gendered and sexual dimensions of modern (Kurdish and other) nationalism, and a greater attention for the distinct characteristics of vernacular literatures within the premodern ‘Persianate cosmopolitan.’
War Did Make States: Revisiting the Bellicist Paradigm in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Cederman Lars-Erik , Galano Toro Paola , Girardin Luc , Schvitz Guy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCharles Tilly's classical claim that “war made states” in early modern Europe remains controversial. The “bellicist” paradigm has attracted theoretical criticism both within and beyond its original domain of applicability. While several recent studies have analyzed the internal aspects of Tilly's theory, there have been very few systematic attempts to assess its logic with regard to the territorial expansion of states. In this paper, we test this key aspect of bellicist theory directly by aligning historical data on European state borders with conflict data, focusing on the period from 1490 through 1790. Proceeding at the systemic, state, and dyadic levels, our analysis confirms that warfare did in fact play a crucial role in the territorial expansion of European states before (and beyond) the French Revolution.
Conducting Space Physics Research: Wind the Frog, Work Hard, and Be Nice
Authors: Liemohn Michael W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis report briefly summarizes the key mentors in my scientific career and some lessons learned from those influential people. My primary advice to others: it is okay to do something wrong. By doing science we are doing something hard that, by definition, has not been done before. I believe that impostor syndrome is a real threat to researcher wellbeing and we should acknowledge its presence and support each other to get through it. Regarding an approach to science, I encourage you to get started and make something bad. Also, take time for yourself, it really does help your productivity. To lead others, I recommend to be enthusiastic, actively listen, and make connections across disciplines. I think it is important to foster creativity in those around you. I advocate that you actively make the future that you want to have.
Impacts of Meteorological Conditions on Autumn Surface Ozone During 2014–2020 in the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Xu Jianmin , Zhao Zhijun , Wu Yanxing , Zhang Ying , Wang Yao , Su Baoshan , Liang Yanni , Hu Tingting , Liu Run 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs one of the largest megacity clusters in China, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) exhibited an obvious increase in the autumn mean maximum daily 8 hr average (MDA8) ozone (O3) concentration from 2014 to 2020, although O3 precursors were effectively controlled. To understand the cause of these elevated surface MDA8 O3 concentrations in the PRD, we explored potential meteorological causes. Based on the relationships between the MDA8 O3 concentrations and the meteorological conditions, the ozone weather index (OWI) was constructed from surface downward shortwave radiation flux (DSWRF), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS) data to represent the variations in the autumn MDA8 O3 concentration in the PRD. Stronger DSWRF, lower RH, and lower WS were linked to larger OWI values and stronger O3 pollution. Discrepancies in DSWRF, RH, and WS were observed on days with OWI > 1 and OWI < −1. Atmospheric stagnation (AS) was also associated with O3 pollution. The average MDA8 O3 concentrations on AS days were 53% (51.0 μg m−3) higher than those on non‐AS days. The O3 exceedance rates on AS days were 36.5%, which is 4.8 times higher than those on non‐AS days (7.6%) in the PRD. In addition to lower WS and less precipitation, AS days were also accompanied by lower total cloud cover and stronger downdraft airflow, which accelerated O3 production. Since the occurrence of AS is projected to increase, efforts to mitigate AS would contribute to decreasing the risk of severe autumn O3 pollution events in the PRD.
Aerosol Effects on Clear‐Sky Shortwave Heating in the Asian Monsoon Tropopause Layer
Authors: Gao Jie , Huang Yi , Peng Yiran , Wright Jonathon S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL) has emerged in recent decades with aerosol accumulation near tropopause above Asian Summer Monsoon region. Although ATAL effects on surface and top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) radiation budgets are well established, the magnitude and variability of ATAL effects on radiative transfer within the tropopause layer remain poorly constrained. Here, we investigate the impacts of various aerosol types and layer structures on clear‐sky shortwave radiative heating in the Asian monsoon tropopause layer using reanalysis products and offline radiative transfer simulations. ATAL effects on shortwave radiative heating based on the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 aerosol reanalysis are on the order of 15% of mean clear‐sky radiative heating within the tropopause layer, although discrepancies among recent reanalysis and forecast products suggest that this ratio could be as small as ∼10% or as large as ∼70%. Uncertainties in surface and TOA flux effects are also large, with values spanning one order of magnitude at the TOA. ATAL effects on radiative heating peak between 150 and 80 hPa (360–400 K potential temperature) along the southern flank of the anticyclone. Clear‐sky and all‐sky shortwave heating are at local minima in this vertical range, which is situated between the positive influences of monsoon‐enhanced water vapor and the negative influence of the “ozone valley” in the monsoon lower stratosphere. ATAL effects also extend further toward the west, where diabatic vertical velocities remain upward despite descent in pressure coordinates.
Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture Can Capture Dynamics Relevant to Plant Water Uptake
Authors: Feldman Andrew F. , Short Gianotti Daniel J. , Dong Jianzhi , Akbar Ruzbeh , Crow Wade T. , McColl Kaighin A. , Konings Alexandra G. , Nippert Jesse B. , Tumber‐Dávila Shersingh Joseph , Holbrook Noel M. , Rockwell Fulton E. , Scott Russell L. , Reichle Rolf H. , Chatterjee Abhishek , Joiner Joanna , Poulter Benjamin , Entekhabi Dara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA frequently expressed viewpoint across the Earth science community is that global soil moisture estimates from satellite L‐band (1.4 GHz) measurements represent moisture only in a shallow surface layer (0–5 cm) and consequently are of limited value for studying global terrestrial ecosystems because plants use water from deeper rootzones. Using this argumentation, many observation‐based land surface studies avoid satellite‐observed soil moisture. Here, based on peer‐reviewed literature across several fields, we argue that such a viewpoint is overly limiting for two reasons. First, microwave soil emission depth considerations and statistical considerations of vertically correlated soil moisture information together indicate that L‐band measurements carry information about soil moisture extending below the commonly referenced 5 cm in many conditions. However, spatial variations of effective depths of representation remain uncertain. Second, in reviewing isotopic tracer field studies of plant water uptake, we find a prevalence of vegetation that primarily draws moisture from these upper soil layers. This is especially true for grasslands and croplands covering more than a third of global vegetated surfaces. Even some deeper‐rooted species (i.e., shrubs and trees) preferentially or seasonally draw water from the upper soil layers. Therefore, L‐band satellite soil moisture estimates are more relevant to global vegetation water uptake than commonly appreciated (i.e., relevant beyond only shallow soil processes like soil evaporation). Our commentary encourages the application of satellite soil moisture across a broader range of terrestrial hydrosphere and biosphere studies while urging more rigorous estimates of its effective depth of representation.
Identifying rare genetic variants in 21 highly multiplex autism families: the role of diagnosis and autistic traits
Authors: More Ravi Prabhakar , Warrier Varun , Brunel Helena , Buckingham Clara , Smith Paula , Allison Carrie , Holt Rosemary , Bradshaw Charles R. , Baron-Cohen Simon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAutism is a highly heritable, heterogeneous, neurodevelopmental condition. Large-scale genetic studies, predominantly focussing on simplex families and clinical diagnoses of autism have identified hundreds of genes associated with autism. Yet, the contribution of these classes of genes to multiplex families and autistic traits still warrants investigation. Here, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of 21 highly multiplex autism families, with at least three autistic individuals in each family, to prioritise genes associated with autism. Using a combination of both autistic traits and clinical diagnosis of autism, we identify rare variants in genes associated with autism, and related neurodevelopmental conditions in multiple families. We identify a modest excess of these variants in autistic individuals compared to individuals without an autism diagnosis. Finally, we identify a convergence of the genes identified in molecular pathways related to development and neurogenesis. In sum, our analysis provides initial evidence to demonstrate the value of integrating autism diagnosis and autistic traits to prioritise genes.
Giant polarization ripple in transverse pyroelectricity
Authors: Zhou Yi , Ding Tianpeng , Guo Jun , Xu Guoqiang , Cheng Mingqiang , Zhang Chen , Wang Xiao-Qiao , Lu Wanheng , Ong Wei Li , Li Jiangyu , He Jiaqing , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPyroelectricity originates from spontaneous polarization variation, promising in omnipresent non-static thermodynamic energy harvesting. Particularly, changing spontaneous polarization via out-of-plane uniform heat perturbations has been shown in solar pyroelectrics. However, these approaches present unequivocal inefficiency due to spatially coupled low temperature change and duration along the longitudinal direction. Here we demonstrate unconventional giant polarization ripples in transverse pyroelectrics, without increasing the total energy input, into electricity with an efficiency of 5-fold of conventional longitudinal counterparts. The non-uniform graded temperature variation arises from decoupled heat localization and propagation, leading to anomalous in-plane heat perturbation (29-fold) and enhanced thermal disequilibrium effects. This in turn triggers an augmented polarization ripple, fundamentally enabling unprecedented electricity generation performance. Notably, the device generates a power density of 38 mW m−2 at 1 sun illumination, which is competitive with solar thermoelectrics and ferrophotovoltaics. Our findings provide a viable paradigm, not only for universal practical pyroelectric heat harvesting but for flexible manipulation of transverse heat transfer towards sustainable energy harvesting and management.
CPEB1-dependent disruption of the mRNA translation program in oocytes during maternal aging
Authors: Takahashi Nozomi , Franciosi Federica , Daldello Enrico Maria , Luong Xuan G. , Althoff Peter , Wang Xiaotian , Conti Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe molecular causes of deteriorating oocyte quality during aging are poorly defined. Since oocyte developmental competence relies on post-transcriptional regulations, we tested whether defective mRNA translation contributes to this decline in quality. Disruption in ribosome loading on maternal transcripts is present in old oocytes. Using a candidate approach, we detect altered translation of 3’-UTR-reporters and altered poly(A) length of the endogenous mRNAs. mRNA polyadenylation depends on the cytoplasmic polyadenylation binding protein 1 (CPEB1).Cpeb1mRNA translation and protein levels are decreased in old oocytes. This decrease causes de-repression ofCcnb1translation in quiescent oocytes, premature CDK1 activation, and accelerated reentry into meiosis. De-repression ofCcnb1is corrected byCpeb1mRNA injection in old oocytes. Oocyte-specificCpeb1haploinsufficiency in young oocytes recapitulates all the translation phenotypes of old oocytes. These findings demonstrate that a dysfunction in the oocyte translation program is associated with the decline in oocyte quality during aging.
TadA orthologs enable both cytosine and adenine editing of base editors
Authors: Zhang Shuqian , Yuan Bo , Cao Jixin , Song Liting , Chen Jinlong , Qiu Jiayi , Qiu Zilong , Zhao Xing-Ming , Chen Jingqi , Cheng Tian-Lin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCytidine and adenosine deaminases are required for cytosine and adenine editing of base editors respectively, and no single deaminase could enable concurrent and comparable cytosine and adenine editing. Additionally, distinct properties of cytidine and adenosine deaminases lead to various types of off-target effects, including Cas9-indendepent DNA off-target effects for cytosine base editors (CBEs) and RNA off-target effects particularly severe for adenine base editors (ABEs). Here we demonstrate that 25 TadA orthologs could be engineered to generate functional ABEs, CBEs or ACBEs via single or double mutations, which display minimized Cas9-independent DNA off-target effects and genotoxicity, with orthologs B5ZCW4, Q57LE3, E8WVH3, Q13XZ4 and B3PCY2 as promising candidates for further engineering. Furthermore, RNA off-target effects of TadA ortholog-derived base editors could be further reduced or even eliminated by additional single mutation. Taken together, our work expands the base editing toolkits, and also provides important clues for the potential evolutionary process of deaminases.
Enhanced gain and detectivity of unipolar barrier solar blind avalanche photodetector via lattice and band engineering
Authors: Zhang Qingyi , Li Ning , Zhang Tao , Dong Dianmeng , Yang Yongtao , Wang Yuehui , Dong Zhengang , Shen Jiaying , Zhou Tianhong , Liang Yuanlin , Tang Weihua , Wu Zhenping , Zhang Yang , Hao Jianhua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGa2O3-based solar blind avalanche photodetectors exhibit low voltage operation, optical filter-free and monolithic integration of photodetector arrays, and therefore they are promising to be an alternative to the bulky and fragile photomultiplier tubes for weak signal detection in deep-ultraviolet region. Here, by deliberate lattice and band engineering, we construct an n-Barrier-n unipolar barrier avalanche photodetector consisting of β-Ga2O3/MgO/Nb:SrTiO3 heterostructure, in which the enlarged conduction band offsets fortify the reverse breakdown and suppress the dark current while the negligible valance band offsets faciliate minority carrier flow across the heterojunction. The developed devices exhibit record-high avalanche gain up to 5.9 × 105 and detectivity of 2.33 × 1016 Jones among the reported wafer-scale grown Ga2O3-based photodetectors, which are even comparable to the commercial photomultiplier tubes. These findings provide insights into precise manipulation of band alignment in avalanche photodetectors, and also offer exciting opportunities for further developing high-performance Ga2O3-based electronics and optoelectronics.
Spatial transcriptomics for profiling the tropism of viral vectors in tissues
Authors: Jang Min J. , Coughlin Gerard M. , Jackson Cameron R. , Chen Xinhong , Chuapoco Miguel R. , Vendemiatti Julia L. , Wang Alexander Z. , Gradinaru Viviana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA barrier to advancing engineered adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) for precision access to cell subtypes is a lack of high-throughput, high-resolution assays to characterize in vivo transduction profiles. In this study, we developed an ultrasensitive, sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (USeqFISH) method for spatial transcriptomic profiling of endogenous and viral RNA with a short barcode in intact tissue volumes by integrating hydrogel-based tissue clearing, enhanced signal amplification and multiplexing using sequential labeling. Using USeqFISH, we investigated the transduction and cell subtype tropisms across mouse brain regions of six systemic AAVs, including AAV-PHP.AX, a new variant that transduces robustly and efficiently across neurons and astrocytes. Here we reveal distinct cell subtype biases of each AAV variant, including a bias of AAV-PHP.N toward excitatory neurons. USeqFISH also enables profiling of pooled regulatory cargos, as we show for a 13-variant pool of microRNA target sites in AAV genomes. Lastly, we demonstrate potential applications of USeqFISH for in situ AAV profiling and multimodal single-cell analysis in non-human primates.
Combined PD-1, BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAFV600E colorectal cancer: a phase 2 trial
Authors: Tian Jun , Chen Jonathan H. , Chao Sherry X. , Pelka Karin , Giannakis Marios , Hess Julian , Burke Kelly , Jorgji Vjola , Sindurakar Princy , Braverman Jonathan , Mehta Arnav , Oka Tomonori , Huang Mei , Lieb David , Spurrell Maxwell , Allen Jill N. , Abrams Thomas A. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Enzinger Andrea C. , Enzinger Peter C. , Klempner Samuel J. , McCleary Nadine J. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Ryan David P. , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Kanter Katie , Van Seventer Emily E. , Baiev Islam , Chi Gary , Jarnagin Joy , Bradford William B. , Wong Edmond , Michel Alexa G. , Fetter Isobel J. , Siravegna Giulia , Gemma Angelo J. , Sharpe Arlene , Demehri Shadmehr , Leary Rebecca , Campbell Catarina D. , Yilmaz Omer , Getz Gad A. , Parikh Aparna R. , Hacohen Nir , Corcoran Ryan B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile BRAF inhibitor combinations with EGFR and/or MEK inhibitors have improved clinical efficacy in BRAFV600E colorectal cancer (CRC), response rates remain low and lack durability. Preclinical data suggest that BRAF/MAPK pathway inhibition may augment the tumor immune response. We performed a proof-of-concept single-arm phase 2 clinical trial of combined PD-1, BRAF and MEK inhibition with sparatlizumab (PDR001), dabrafenib and trametinib in 37 patients with BRAFV600E CRC. The primary end point was overall response rate, and the secondary end points were progression-free survival, disease control rate, duration of response and overall survival. The study met its primary end point with a confirmed response rate (24.3% in all patients; 25% in microsatellite stable patients) and durability that were favorable relative to historical controls of BRAF-targeted combinations alone. Single-cell RNA sequencing of 23 paired pretreatment and day 15 on-treatment tumor biopsies revealed greater induction of tumor cell-intrinsic immune programs and more complete MAPK inhibition in patients with better clinical outcome. Immune program induction in matched patient-derived organoids correlated with the degree of MAPK inhibition. These data suggest a potential tumor cell-intrinsic mechanism of cooperativity between MAPK inhibition and immune response, warranting further clinical evaluation of optimized targeted and immune combinations in CRC. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03668431.