bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Potential of Open Source Machine Tools for Sustainable Industrial Development in Low Resource Contexts - A Case Study of Migrant-Run Microenterprises in Oman
Authors: Omer Mohammed , Kaiser Melina , Redlich Tobias , Wulfsberg Jens P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn low resource contexts, access to technologies is limited. Most firms in developing countries are still using analog technologies and have not attained the industrial maturity required to harness the benefits of industry 4.0, which include increased productivity and a reduced environmental impact of the manufacturing sector. This further exacerbates the unequal wealth distribution pervasive in today’s globalized world. With the democratization of the internet and increasing accessibility to microcontrollers and automation technology, the last decade has seen the rise of open source machine tools (OSMT) such as CNC mills and 3D printers. By facilitating sustainable and inclusive production capacity building, OSMT are a key technology driver that can enable developing countries to leapfrog their industries. However, their potential for cost effective and low-threshold production capacity building in developing countries has been hitherto underexplored. This paper reports the findings of a pilot study in Oman with ten migrant-run microenterprises in the carpentry and steel fabrication industries. Semi-structured interviews and field observations were carried out to gain an understanding of the technology needs and readiness levels of the target group. The study identifies and discusses the challenges that could hinder the implementation of OSMT in a resource constrained context, which include insufficient technological and digital literacy, a lack of formal education, and risk adversity. Based on this, the paper proposes solutions to foster OSMT adoption.
Holistic Approach to the Ecological Evaluation of Digitalization Systems in the Production Environment
Authors: Tomaschko Florian , Krommes Sandra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDigitalization is considered as a driver of resource efficiency. But next to the possible savings that the different digitalization technologies enable, there is an ecological effort, too. Most of the existing approaches in this topic only consider the possible savings. The presented methodology forms an approach for a holistic environmental assessment along the whole life cycle of digitalization technology and validates it on a demonstrator. The aim is to take an end-to-end view of the use of digitalization technologies. As part of the approach, the global warming potential is evaluated. The benefit here is a production environment in which the digitalization technology used generates savings. For the evaluation, the digitalization system (hardware) is considered from the manufacturing process of the different components through transport and operation to recycling (cradle to grave). As practical case study, effort and benefit are finally analyzed for different resource efficiency scenarios. As a result, a methodical approach based on key figures for the holistic evaluation of digitalization technologies is presented and discussed.
Development of a Sustainability Strategy for Fuel Cells Using Life Cycle Analysis and Expert Interviews
Authors: Rückert Patrick , Khabipova Aigul , Tracht Kirsten 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFuel Cells (FC) are one of the most promising technologies for achieving the European climate targets, especially for future mobility. As part of the German government's national hydrogen strategy, measures for the further development and implementation of FC technology as a drive technology in automobiles as well as the production and use of hydrogen were adopted in June 2020. For Germany to be a pioneer in the field of FC technology, the investments must be used sustainably. The objective of this paper is to introduce a sustainability strategy for FCs along the life cycle via production, energy sources, infrastructure, use as well as end-of-life. To present an overview of this existing value chain, life cycle analyses are compared and hypotheses for increasing sustainability are formulated. These serve as the basis for the development of interview forms for discussions with FC experts from research, industry, and politics. Based on the current state of the art and its optimization potential as well as the insider knowledge of the experts, a sustainability strategy for FC-powered automobiles is presented.
Counting parity-violating local S-matrices
Authors: Chowdhury Subham Dutta 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Four point tree-level local S-matrices form a module over ring of polynomials of Mandelstam invariants s, t and u. The module of local analytic S-matrices can be encoded in terms of a partition function which is enumerated using plethystic techniques. In this paper, we enumerate the plethystic contribution to local four point photon, graviton and gluon multi-particle partition functions that encode parity violating 2 → 2 scattering. We generalise the counting problem solved in [1, 2] to project out parity violating sectors, a subtle task in even dimensions [3]. We explicitly enumerate the parity odd contributions to the multi-letter partition function for gauge fields, gravitons and gluons and evaluate the resulting parity violating partition functions in D = 4, 6. We also perform a large D analysis to show that parity violating local interactions do not contribute to four particle scattering in higher dimensions (D ≥ 8). Our computations and observations for photons, gravitons and gluons agree with the transformation properties of these S-matrices previously conjectured in [1, 2]
Bananas of equal mass: any loop, any order in the dimensional regularisation parameter
Authors: Pögel Sebastian , Wang Xing , Weinzierl Stefan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We describe a systematic approach to cast the differential equation for the l-loop equal mass banana integral into an ε-factorised form. With the known boundary value at a specific point we obtain systematically the term of order j in the expansion in the dimensional regularisation parameter ε for any loop l. The approach is based on properties of Calabi-Yau operators, and in particular on self-duality.
Barcoding Populations of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25
Authors: Theodosiou Loukas , Farr Andrew D. , Rainey Paul B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, evolutionary biologists have developed an increasing interest in the use of barcoding strategies to study eco-evolutionary dynamics of lineages within evolving populations and communities. Although barcoded populations can deliver unprecedented insight into evolutionary change, barcoding microbes presents specific technical challenges. Here, strategies are described for barcoding populations of the model bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25, including the design and cloning of barcoded regions, preparation of libraries for amplicon sequencing, and quantification of resulting barcoded lineages. In so doing, we hope to aid the design and implementation of barcoding methodologies in a broad range of model and non-model organisms.
Optimization of an isolated photovoltaic water pumping system with technical–economic criteria in a water users association
Authors: Carricondo-Antón J. M. , Jiménez-Bello M. A. , Juárez J. Manzano , Tomas A. Royuela , González-Altozano P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith proper management, the modernization of irrigation systems makes it possible to improve the efficiency of application and use of water at the cost of an increase in pumping needs and, therefore, an increment of the energy consumed. The recent drastic price increase for energy put the viability of many farms at risk. In this context, using photovoltaic solar energy to power pumping stations has become an increasingly attractive alternative and a cheap and reliable option. The dimensioning of pumping systems powered by photovoltaic solar energy must be done considering the variability of solar radiation to take advantage of the available photovoltaic energy, especially during periods of less irradiation. By investigating a particular case, this paper studies the effect of increasing the number of pumps in parallel while maintaining the total power, as well as the relationship between the installed photovoltaic capacity and the power of the pumping system, to meet pumping requirements throughout the year. The pumped volume increased as the number of pumps installed in parallel increased for the same photovoltaic power generator. Although this increment has a limit, beyond which no greater significant rise in volume is achieved, installation costs increase. In addition, for the same pumping power installed, the required photovoltaic generator power decreases as the number of pumps in parallel increases. In the case studied, a 27% increase in the annual pumped volume was achieved by incrementing the number of pumps in parallel from one to five, thus leading to a 44.1% reduction in the size of the photovoltaic generator and a 13.3% reduction in the cost of installation compared with a system with only one pump. The procedure used to determine the most appropriate number of pumps to install in parallel when pumping water between two tanks, which minimizes the photovoltaic generator's size while guaranteeing pumping requirements, is easily generalizable for sizing isolated photovoltaic water pumping systems.
Vancouver call for action to strengthen expertise in radiological protection worldwide
Authors: Rühm W. , Cho K. , Larsson C.-M. , Wojcik A. , Clement C. , Applegate K. , Bochud F. , Bouffler S. , Cool D. , Hirth G. , Kai M. , Laurier D. , Liu S. , Romanov S. , Schneider T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIonising radiation has been used for over a century for peaceful purposes, revolutionising health care and promoting well-being through its application in industry, science, and medicine. For almost as long, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has promoted understanding of health and environmental risks of ionising radiation and developed a protection system that enables the safe use of ionising radiation in justified and beneficial practices, providing protection from all sources of radiation. However, we are concerned that a shortage of investment in training, education, research, and infrastructure seen in many sectors and countries may compromise society’s ability to properly manage radiation risks, leading to unjustified exposure to or unwarranted fear of radiation, impacting the physical, mental, and social well-being of our peoples. This could unduly limit the potential for research and development in new radiation technologies (healthcare, energy, and the environment) for beneficial purposes. ICRP therefore calls for action to strengthen expertise in radiological protection worldwide through: (1) National governments and funding agencies strengthening resources for radiological protection research allocated by governments and international organisations, (2) National research laboratories and other institutions launching and sustaining long-term research programmes, (3) Universities developing undergraduate and graduate university programmes and making students aware of job opportunities in radiation-related fields, (4) Using plain language when interacting with the public and decision makers about radiological protection, and (5) Fostering general awareness of proper uses of radiation and radiological protection through education and training of information multipliers. The draft call was discussed with international organisations in formal relations with ICRP in October 2022 at the European Radiation Protection Week in Estoril, Portugal, and the final call announced at the 6th International Symposium on the System of Radiological Protection of ICRP in November 2022 in Vancouver, Canada.
Lévy-type solutions for the buckling analysis of unsymmetrically laminated plates with rotational restraints for various plate theories
Authors: Schreiber Philip , Mittelstedt Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe stability behaviour of unsymmetrical laminated structures made of fibre-reinforced plastics is significantly influenced by bending–extension coupling and the comparatively low transverse shear stiffnesses. The aim of this work is to improve the analytical stability analysis of unsymmetrically laminated structures. With the discrete plate theory, the stability of laminated structures can be reduced to single laminated plates. The structure is divided into individual segments, and the surrounding structure is modelled by rotational elastic restraints. The governing equations for single plates under specific boundary conditions can be solved exactly with Lévy-type solutions. In this study, Lévy-type solutions for the mentioned boundary conditions under biaxial compressive load is described for the classical laminated plate theory, the first-order shear deformation theory and the third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT). In addition to transverse shear, bending–extension couplings of unsymmetrical cross-ply and antisymmetrical angle-ply laminates are considered. For the implementation of boundary conditions for the rotational restraints in the context of TSDT, a new set of conditions is formulated. The investigation shows very good agreement of the buckling load with comparative finite element analyses for different layups.
Role of interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 6 (IL6) in the pathogenesis and prognosis of childhood primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zakaria Marwa , Beshir Mohamed , Hassan Tamer , Esh Asmaa , Abdelaziz Eman , Tayib Ridha , Nafea Alaa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the breakdown of immune tolerance. Impairment of the cellular immunity is primarily evaluated by the levels of the cytokines which can help in predicting the course of ITP. We aimed to assess the levels of IL4 and IL6 in children with ITP and evaluate their role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of this disease. A prospective cohort study was carried on 60 children (15 patients with newly diagnosed ITP, 15 patients with persistent ITP, 15 patients with chronic ITP and 15 healthy children as a control group). Serum IL-4 and serum IL-6 were measured using Human IL-4 and IL-6 ELISA kit in patients and controls. Patients with newly diagnosed and persistent ITP had significantly higher levels of IL4 and IL6 compared to patients with chronic ITP and healthy controls (p < 0.001). The mean serum level of IL4 was 762.0, 741.0, 364.6 and 436.8 pg/ml, and the mean serum level of IL6 was 178.5, 164.4, 57.9 and 88.4 pg/ml for patients with newly diagnosed, persistent, chronic ITP and healthy controls respectively. Serum IL-4 was significantly higher in patients who achieved remission than those who did not improve on first line therapy.Conclusion: Serum IL-4 and IL-6 may have a role in the pathogenesis of primary ITP. IL-4 seems to be a good predictor to treatment response.

What Is Known:• There is a delicate balance of specific cytokine levels in immune thrombocytopenia, which has an important role in the immune system and is known to be deregulated in autoimmune diseases. changes in IL-4 and IL-6 might be involved in the pathogenesis of newly diagnosed ITP in both paediatric and adult patients.• We conducted this research study to measure the serum level of IL-4 and IL-6, in newly diagnosed, persistent and chronic ITP patients and study their relation to disease pathogenesis as well as patient’s outcome.What Is New:• We found that IL4 seems to be a good predictor to treatment response and it was a very interesting observation in our study, and to the best of our knowledge, there is no published data about this finding.
Crossover-effects in technical skills between laparoscopy and robot-assisted surgery
Authors: Hardon Sem F. , Willuth E. , Rahimi A. Masie , Lang F. , Haney Caelan M. , Felinska Eleni A. , Kowalewski Karl-Friedrich , Müller-Stich Beat P. , van der Peet Donald L. , Daams Freek , Nickel F. , Horeman Tim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Robot-assisted surgery is often performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. However, this technique requires a different set of technical skills and surgeons are expected to alternate between these approaches. The aim of this study is to investigate the crossover effects when switching between laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery.

Methods
An international multicentre crossover study was conducted. Trainees with distinctly different levels of experience were divided into three groups (novice, intermediate, expert). Each trainee performed six trials of a standardized suturing task using a laparoscopic box trainer and six trials using the da Vinci surgical robot. Both systems were equipped with the ForceSense system, measuring five force-based parameters for objective assessment of tissue handling skills. Statistical comparison was done between the sixth and seventh trial to identify transition effects. Unexpected changes in parameter outcomes after the seventh trial were further investigated.

Results
A total of 720 trials, performed by 60 participants, were analysed. The expert group increased their tissue handling forces with 46% (maximum impulse 11.5 N/s to 16.8 N/s, p = 0.05), when switching from robot-assisted surgery to laparoscopy. When switching from laparoscopy to robot-assisted surgery, intermediates and experts significantly decreased in motion efficiency (time (sec), resp. 68 vs. 100, p = 0.05, and 44 vs. 84, p = 0.05). Further investigation between the seventh and ninth trial showed that the intermediate group increased their force exertion with 78% (5.1 N vs. 9.1 N, p = 0.04), when switching to robot-assisted surgery.

Conclusion
The crossover effects in technical skills between laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery are highly depended on the prior experience with laparoscopic surgery. Where experts can alternate between approaches without impairment of technical skills, novices and intermediates should be aware of decay in efficiency of movement and tissue handling skills that could impact patient safety. Therefore, additional simulation training is advised to prevent from undesired events.
A modified Adam algorithm for deep neural network optimization
Authors: Reyad Mohamed , Sarhan Amany M. , Arafa M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely regarded as the most effective learning tool for dealing with large datasets, and they have been successfully used in thousands of applications in a variety of fields. Based on these large datasets, they are trained to learn the relationships between various variables. The adaptive moment estimation (Adam) algorithm, a highly efficient adaptive optimization algorithm, is widely used as a learning algorithm in various fields for training DNN models. However, it needs to improve its generalization performance, especially when training with large-scale datasets. Therefore, in this paper, we propose HN Adam, a modified version of the Adam Algorithm, to improve its accuracy and convergence speed. The HN_Adam algorithm is modified by automatically adjusting the step size of the parameter updates over the training epochs. This automatic adjustment is based on the norm value of the parameter update formula according to the gradient values obtained during the training epochs. Furthermore, a hybrid mechanism was created by combining the standard Adam algorithm and the AMSGrad algorithm. As a result of these changes, the HN_Adam algorithm, like the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm, has good generalization performance and achieves fast convergence like other adaptive algorithms. To test the proposed HN_Adam algorithm performance, it is evaluated to train a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model that classifies images using two different standard datasets: MNIST and CIFAR-10. The algorithm results are compared to the basic Adam algorithm and the SGD algorithm, in addition to other five recent SGD adaptive algorithms. In most comparisons, the HN Adam algorithm outperforms the compared algorithms in terms of accuracy and convergence speed. AdaBelief is the most competitive of the compared algorithms. In terms of testing accuracy and convergence speed (represented by the consumed training time), the HN-Adam algorithm outperforms the AdaBelief algorithm by an improvement of 1.0% and 0.29% for the MNIST dataset, and 0.93% and 1.68% for the CIFAR-10 dataset, respectively.
A timeline of cognitive functioning in glioma patients who undergo awake brain tumor surgery
Authors: de Sain A.M. , Mantione M.H.M. , Wajer I.M.C. Huenges , van Zandvoort M.J.E. , Willems P.W.A. , Robe P.A. , Ruis C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of awake brain tumor surgery is to maximize the resection of the tumor and to minimize the risk of neurological and cognitive impairments. The aim of this study is to gain understanding of the development of possible postoperative cognitive deficits after awake brain tumor surgery in patients with suspected gliomas, by comparing preoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative functioning. A more detailed timeline will be helpful in informing candidates for surgery about what to expect regarding their cognitive functioning.

Methods
Thirty-seven patients were included in this study. Cognitive functioning was measured by means of a broad cognitive screener preoperatively, days after surgery and months after surgery in patients who underwent awake brain tumor surgery with cognitive monitoring. The cognitive screener included tests for object naming, reading, attention span, working memory, inhibition, inhibition/switching, and visuoperception. We performed a Friedman ANOVA to analyze on group level.

Results
Overall, no significant differences were found between preoperative cognitive functioning, early postoperative cognitive functioning, and late postoperative cognitive functioning, except for performances on the inhibition task. Directly after surgery, patients were significantly slower on this task. However, in the following months after surgery, they returned to their preoperative level.

Conclusion
The timeline of cognitive functioning after awake tumor surgery appeared overall stable in the early and late postoperative phase, except for inhibition, which is more difficult in the first days after awake brain tumor surgery. This more detailed timeline of cognitive functioning, in combination with future research, can possibly be contributing in informing patients and caregivers what to expect after awake brain tumor surgery.