bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sericea lespedeza control with postemergence and preemergence herbicide applications in fields managed for northern bobwhite
Authors: Turner Mark A. , Powell Bonner L. , Wade GeFellers J. , Bones Jacob T. , Marshall Spencer G. , Harper Craig A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) is an invasive nonnative legume that commonly occurs on sites managed for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Sericea reduces bobwhite habitat availability by outcompeting native plants that provide food and cover. Sericea can be controlled with postemergence herbicides such as glyphosate as well as a mixture of triclopyr with fluroxypyr, but these herbicides do not provide preemergence control. Imazapic has been effective at controlling a limited number of planted sericea seeds, but the efficacy of imazapic at various application rates to control sericea seedbank response following treatment with a postemergence herbicide has not been evaluated. We designed a field experiment to evaluate sericea control and changes in the plant community as related to bobwhite habitat with 2 postemergence herbicides followed by preemergence treatment of imazapic at 3 sites in Tennessee and Alabama, USA, 2018–2022. Specifically, we treated sericea with postemergence broadcast applications of glyphosate or triclopyr with fluroxypyr in 2018 and applied spot treatment with the same herbicides in 2019–2021. We applied imazapic at 4 rates following prescribed fire in 2019 and 2022. We measured coverage of sericea, native forbs, annual grasses, perennial grasses, and bobwhite food plants before treatment in 2018 and after all treatments in 2022. Nearly all postemergence treatments reduced sericea coverage, but imazapic did not increase control compared to postemergence herbicides alone. Perennial grasses used for nesting and bobwhite foraging were maintained following treatments. We recommend managers use either glyphosate or triclopyr with fluroxypyr to control sericea postemergence and consider using a low rate of imazapic to reduce annual grasses if coverage is a problem on the site.
The Making of AdA: Bruno Touschek’s Journey from Widerøe’s Betatron to Storage Rings
Authors: Pancheri Giulia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn Italy, in 1960, Bruno Touschek conceived and built the first particle-antiparticle collider, called AdA. The different roads and pathways which led to the successful demonstration that it was possible to accumulate electrons and positrons in a single ring and make them collide, originated in different parts of Europe: Austria, Germany, Norway, UK, France and Italy, in parallel with similar developments in the US and USSR. AdA’s success was due to Bruno Touschek’s extraordinary formation as both an accelerator scientist and a theoretical physicist, and in the unique environment he found in the University of Rome and the Frascati Laboratories, where the post-war reconstruction of Italian physics was taking place, in parallel with the Europe-wide effort, that led to the creation of CERN.
String Theory
Authors: Di Vecchia Paolo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractI start describing my interaction with Bruno during my thesis and then in his group in Frascati in connection with the calculation of the total cross-section of double bremsstrahlung that, at that time, was considered a good candidate as a monitor reaction for Adone. Then I discuss my transition to S-matrix theory and to the work that brought from the Dual Resonance Model to String Theory. I conclude describing the main results of String Theory in a way that could be followed by non-experts in the field.
Bruno Touschek (1921–1978). The Path to Electron-Positron Collisions
Authors: Bonolis Luisa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe 100th anniversary of Bruno Touschek’s birth also marks 60 years since the first beams of electrons and positrons circulated in AdA, the first ever matter-antimatter collider, built in Frascati National Laboratories following Touschek’s visionary proposal of February 1960. Touschek’s path to such idea is briefly outlined, beginning with his early years as a student—first in Vienna and later in Germany—through his first experiences with Rolf Widerøe’s betatron and the electron synchrotron accelerator in Glasgow after the war, along with his relationships with the fathers of modern physics in Europe, to his arrival in Italy, where crucial reflections during the 1950s led him to the profound belief that matter-antimatter annihilations should become a primary goal for future physics. Based on these premises, Touschek and his collaborators dared to take on the challenge of realizing what at the time seemed an “unthinkable idea”: keep beams of electrons and positron circulating for hours in the vacuum chamber of a storage ring and making them collide.
Linear Colliders
Authors: Stapnes Steinar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article summarizes the studies for implementation of the Linear Collider projects, CLIC (the Compact LInear Collider) and ILC (the International Linear Collider). The accelerators aim to collide electrons and positrons at 380 and 250 GeV respectively, and both can be extended in length and/or with improved technologies to multi-TeV energies. CLIC is studied for construction at CERN, while ILC is being studied for implementation in Japan. The technical status, expected performances, recent progress and implementation parameters, as schedules, power and costs, are presented. The summary focuses on the accelerator studies for the colliders, but the accelerator studies are accompanied by comprehensive physics and detector studies referred to in the text and references. The future programs including the work for sustainable implementations are briefly summarized at the end. Many of the linear collider studies are common for the two projects and are presented as such. The projects are both implementable at costs similar to LHC and power/energy consumption similar or less than LHC.
Locating the core-mantle boundary using oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos
Authors: Upadhyay Anuj Kumar , Kumar Anil , Agarwalla Sanjib Kumar , Dighe Amol 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric neutrinos provide a unique avenue to explore the internal structure of Earth based on weak interactions, which is complementary to seismic studies and gravitational measurements. In this work, we demonstrate that the atmospheric neutrino oscillations in the presence of Earth matter can serve as an important tool to locate the core-mantle boundary (CMB). An atmospheric neutrino detector like the proposed 50 kt magnetized ICAL at INO can observe the core-passing neutrinos efficiently. These neutrinos would have experienced the MSW resonance and the parametric or neutrino oscillation length resonance. The net effect of these resonances on neutrino flavor conversions depends upon the location of CMB and the density jump at that radius. We quantify the capability of ICAL to measure the location of CMB in the context of multiple three-layered models of Earth. For the model where the density and the radius of core are kept flexible while the mass and radius of Earth as well as the densities of outer and inner mantle are fixed, ICAL can determine the location of CMB with a 1σ precision of about 250 km with an exposure of 1000 kt yr. With the 81-layered PREM profile, this 1σ precision would be about 350 km. The charge identification capability of ICAL plays an important role in achieving this precision.
An off-shell Wilson loop
Authors: Belitsky A. V. , Smirnov V. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
It is well-known that on-shell maximally helicity-violating gluon scattering amplitudes in planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory are dual to a bosonic Wilson loop on a null-polygonal contour. The light-like nature of the intervals is a reflection of the mass-shell condition for massless gluons involved in scattering. Presently, we introduce a Wilson loop prototype on a piece-wise curvilinear contour that can be interpreted in the T-dual language to correspond to nonvanishing gluon off-shellness. We analyze it first for four sites at one loop and demonstrate that it coincides with the four-gluon amplitude on the Coulomb branch. Encouraged by this fact, we move on to the two-loop order. To simplify our considerations, we only focus on the Sudakov asymptotics of the Wilson loop, when the off-shellness goes to zero. The latter serves as a regulator of short-distance divergences around the perimeter of the loop, i.e., divergences when gluons are integrated over a small vicinity of the Wilson loop cusps. It does not however regulate conventional ultraviolet divergences of interior closed loops. This unavoidably introduces a renormalization scale dependence and thus scheme dependence into the problem. With a choice of the scale setting and a finite renormalization, we observe exponentiation of the double logarithmic scaling of the Wilson loop with the accompanying exponent being given by the so-called hexagon anomalous dimension, which recently made its debut in the origin limit of six-leg gluon amplitudes. This is contrary to the expectation for the octagon anomalous dimension to rather emerge from our analysis suggesting that the current object encodes physics different from the Coulomb branch scattering amplitudes.
Pharmacological activation of PIEZO1 in human red blood cells prevents Plasmodium falciparum invasion
Authors: Lohia Rakhee , Allegrini Benoit , Berry Laurence , Guizouarn Hélène , Cerdan Rachel , Abkarian Manouk , Douguet Dominique , Honoré Eric , Wengelnik Kai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn inherited gain-of-function variant (E756del) in the mechanosensitive cationic channel PIEZO1 was shown to confer a significant protection against severe malaria. Here, we demonstrate in vitro that human red blood cell (RBC) infection by Plasmodium falciparum is prevented by the pharmacological activation of PIEZO1. Yoda1 causes an increase in intracellular calcium associated with rapid echinocytosis that inhibits RBC invasion, without affecting parasite intraerythrocytic growth, division or egress. Notably, Yoda1 treatment significantly decreases merozoite attachment and subsequent RBC deformation. Intracellular Na+/K+ imbalance is unrelated to the mechanism of protection, although delayed RBC dehydration observed in the standard parasite culture medium RPMI/albumax further enhances the resistance to malaria conferred by Yoda1. The chemically unrelated Jedi2 PIEZO1 activator similarly causes echinocytosis and RBC dehydration associated with resistance to malaria invasion. Spiky outward membrane projections are anticipated to reduce the effective surface area required for both merozoite attachment and internalization upon pharmacological activation of PIEZO1. Globally, our findings indicate that the loss of the typical biconcave discoid shape of RBCs, together with an altered optimal surface to volume ratio, induced by PIEZO1 pharmacological activation prevent efficient P. falciparum invasion.
Alpine eclogite-facies modification of Li-Cs-Ta pegmatite from the Wolfsberg lithium deposit, Austria
Authors: Keyser William , Müller Axel , Steiner Ralf , Erambert Muriel , Kristoffersen Magnus , Unterweissacher Thomas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The Wolfsberg lithium deposit in Austria is one of the largest Li-Cs-Ta pegmatite resources in Europe. The deposit is part of the Austroalpine Unit Pegmatite Province in the Eastern Alps that formed during the high-temperature, low-pressure Permian extensional event and was subsequently overprinted by Cretaceous eclogite-facies metamorphism during the Alpine orogeny. The two pegmatite types distinguished at the deposit, amphibolite hosted-(AHP) and mica schist hosted-(MHP) pegmatite, consist of quartz, albite, K-feldspar, muscovite and spodumene with accessory apatite, beryl and columbite. Both pegmatite types have similar peraluminous granitic compositions and element distribution patterns. However, the AHP contains higher Li and Cs concentrations. Both pegmatite types display LREE-enriched/HREE-depleted chondrite-normalized REY patterns that suggest derivation from partial melting of basement mica schist during the Permian HT/LP extensional event. The Alpine metamorphism more strongly affected the MHP relative to the AHP, resulting in recrystallization of primary assemblages by metamorphic assemblages with lower rare-metal concentrations, and development of a strong foliation, during which (re)mobilized elements (e.g., Li, Cs) were concentrated along localized shear zones. Recognition of element remobilization in MHP associated with metamorphic overprinting may bear important implications towards mineral exploration for Li-Cs-Ta pegmatite in other strongly metamorphosed terranes.
Machine learning for optical chemical multi-analyte imaging
Authors: Zieger Silvia E. , Koren Klaus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSimultaneous sensing of metabolic analytes such as pH and O2 is critical in complex and heterogeneous biological environments where analytes often are interrelated. However, measuring all target analytes at the same time and position is often challenging. A major challenge preventing further progress occurs when sensor signals cannot be directly correlated to analyte concentrations due to additional effects, overshadowing and complicating the actual correlations. In fields related to optical sensing, machine learning has already shown its potential to overcome these challenges by solving nested and multidimensional correlations. Hence, we want to apply machine learning models to fluorescence-based optical chemical sensors to facilitate simultaneous imaging of multiple analytes in 2D. We present a proof-of-concept approach for simultaneous imaging of pH and dissolved O2 using an optical chemical sensor, a hyperspectral camera for image acquisition, and a multi-layered machine learning model based on a decision tree algorithm (XGBoost) for data analysis. Our model predicts dissolved O2 and pH with a mean absolute error of < 4.50·10−2 and < 1.96·10−1, respectively, and a root mean square error of < 2.12·10−1 and < 4.42·10−1, respectively. Besides the model-building process, we discuss the potentials of machine learning for optical chemical sensing, especially regarding multi-analyte imaging, and highlight risks of bias that can arise in machine learning-based data analysis.
Evaluation of lateral epicondylopathy, posterior interosseous nerve compression, and plica syndrome as co-existing causes of chronic tennis elbow
Authors: Bonczar Michał , Ostrowski Patryk , Dziedzic Martyna , Kasprzyk Marcin , Obuchowicz Rafał , Zacharias Tomasz , Marchewka Jakub , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
A great number of patients that suffer from lateral epicondylitis, commonly called tennis elbow (TE), are not successfully treated, meaning, not getting adequate therapeutic effects and the main origin of the pain not being handled appropriately. The hypothesis of the present study is that the inefficiency of the treatment of the chronic TE may often be due to underdiagnosis of posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) entrapment or and plica syndrome, as the authors believe that those pathologies can often occur simultaneously.

Methods
A prospective cross sectional study was conducted. A total of 31 patients met the required criteria.

Results
Thirteen (40.7%) of the patients had more than one source of the lateral elbow pain. Five patients (15.6%) had all three examined pathologies. Six patients (18.8%) had TE and PIN syndrome. Two patients (6.3%) had TE and plica syndrome.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrated concomitant potential sources of lateral elbow pain in patients diagnosed with chronic TE. Our analysis shows how important it is to systematically diagnose patients that present with lateral elbow pain. The clinical characteristics of the three most common causes of chronic lateral elbow pain, meaning, TE, PIN compression, and plicae syndrome were also analyzed. Having adequate knowledge about the clinical aspects of these pathologies can help with a more effective differentiation of the etiology of chronic lateral elbow pain, and with that, a more efficient and cost-effective treatment plan.
An algebraic characterization of self-generating chemical reaction networks using semigroup models
Authors: Loutchko Dimitri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ability of a chemical reaction network to generate itself by catalyzed reactions from constantly present environmental food sources is considered a fundamental property in origin-of-life research. Based on Kaufmann’s autocatalytic sets, Hordijk and Steel have constructed the versatile formalism of catalytic reaction systems (CRS) to model and to analyze such self-generating networks, which they named reflexively autocatalytic and food-generated. Recently, it was established that the subsequent and simultaenous catalytic functions of the chemicals of a CRS give rise to an algebraic structure, termed a semigroup model. The semigroup model allows to naturally consider the function of any subset of chemicals on the whole CRS. This gives rise to a generative dynamics by iteratively applying the function of a subset to the externally supplied food set. The fixed point of this dynamics yields the maximal self-generating set of chemicals. Moreover, the set of all functionally closed self-generating sets of chemicals is discussed and a structure theorem for this set is proven. It is also shown that a CRS which contains self-generating sets of chemicals cannot have a nilpotent semigroup model and thus a useful link to the combinatorial theory of finite semigroups is established. The main technical tool introduced and utilized in this work is the representation of the semigroup elements as decorated rooted trees, allowing to translate the generation of chemicals from a given set of resources into the semigroup language.
Fascinating study of elastic, FTIR, and antimicrobial properties of silver nanochromite at different annealing temperatures
Authors: Gamal W. M. , El-Bassuony Asmaa A. H. , Abdelsalam H. K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, Ag0.5Cr2.5O4 nanochromite is fabricated utilizing a simple process (flash technique) at various annealing temperatures (room and 900 °C). The particle sizes of the materials under study were shown to be in the nanoscale range by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was performed to verify the fabrication of the examined nanosamples and evaluate the bands behavior. The tetrahedral A-site (622.9 cm−1 for room temperature, 630.6 cm−1 for 900 °C) and the octahedral B-site (557.3 cm−1 for room temperature, 563.1 cm−1 for 900 °C) were the two prominent bands measured by FTIR analysis. The elastic characteristics of Ag0.5Cr2.5O4 nanoparticles were examined using FTIR measurements, revealing that the interatomic bonding of the atoms at 900 °C is higher than at room temperature. In addition, the elastic characteristics may be understood by analyzing the transverse and longitudinal velocities. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were effectively inhibited by the samples evaluated for antibacterial properties; however, neither sample showed any antifungal activity. Therefore, it is highly suggested that the investigated samples could be used in different applications, particularly biological ones.
Effective removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solutions using a hybrid composite of fuller's earth, aluminum silicate and chitosan
Authors: Kandil Heba , El-Wakeel Shaimaa T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, a highly effective hybrid adsorbent composite based on low-cost fuller’s earth (FE), aluminum silicate (AS) and chitosan (CS) was prepared using a facile method. The prepared composite was applied to adsorb lead (Pb2+) and copper (Cu2+) ions from aqueous solutions. Several analyses such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the composite. The adsorption efficiency of the prepared composite was investigated at different operating conditions. Moreover, the adsorption isotherm/kinetic models and adsorption thermodynamics of the composite were examined. The results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model described well with the obtained data and the adsorption equilibrium can be better described by Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacities of 305.5 and 284.2 mg/g for Pb2+ and Cu2+, respectively. The obtained data demonstrated that the prepared composite is an efficient and kinetically fast metal ion removal with high adsorption capacity and recovery efficiency.
Graphical abstract
Four-factor risk score for the prediction of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Koduri Gouri Mani , Podlasek Anna , Pattapola Shyanthi , Zhang Jufen , Laila Deena , Nandagudi Anupama , Dubey Shirish , Kelly Clive 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the commonest systemic complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and carries a significant morbidity and mortality burden. We aimed to identify key variables to risk-stratify RA patients in order to identify those at increased risk of developing ILD. We propose a probability score based on the identification of these variables.

Methods
A retrospective, multicentre study using clinical data collected between 2010 and 2020, across 20 centres.

Results
A total of 430 RA (210 with ILD confirmed on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)) patients were evaluated. We explored several independent variables for the risk of developing ILD in RA and found that the key significant variables were smoking (past or present), older age and positive rheumatoid factor/anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to form a scoring system for categorising patients into high and low risk on a scale of 0–9 points and a cut-off score of 5, based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 (CI 95% 0.71–0.82). This yielded a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 58%. High-risk patients should be considered for investigation with HRCT and monitored closely.

Conclusion
We have proposed a new model for identifying RA patients at risk of developing ILD. This approach identified four simple clinical variables: age, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, Rheumatoid factor and smoking, which allowed development of a predictive scoring system for the presence of ILD in patients with RA.