bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Absolute Monetary Poverty in Kazakhstan: a system of Indicators and Its Actualization Options
Authors: Pritvorova T.P. , Gelashvili N.N. , Temirbayeva D.M. , Jazykbayeva B.K. 
Published: July 2023

Relevance: To a great extent, poverty describes socio-economic situation of a part of the country’s population in a market economy and is the subject of research for global development organizations. Kazakhstan implements international statistical standards, however does not officially use a multitude of indicators that could be useful for the state policy of poverty reduction.
Object: household whose income is below the poverty line. Purpose of the paper is to assess the range of poverty measurement indicators in Kazakhstan and the results obtained with their help from the standpoint of international statistical methodology to develop recommendations for their improvement in the context of state regulation needs.
Methods: based on economic and statistical methods of analyzing the dynamics and structure of the Kazakh phenomenon recognized in world statistics as absolute monetary poverty. Findings: Over the past five years, the Sen-Shorrocks-Thon index has been showing a tendency of increase in all its constituent indicators: level, depth and sharpness. For the first time since 2013, its value for 2022 exceeds one. A twofold growth in the depth of poverty and an increase of its intensity by 2.5 times over this period indicates an increase in heterogeneity of the group with incomes below the subsistence minimum. In the regional context, poverty depth and intensity indicators show a unidirectional vector of changes. Regional analysis of assets ratio and Gini coefficients by decile groups of the population allows us to see values of these indicators in both northern and central regions of Kazakhstan, as well as the city of Almaty, higher than the average value of inequality across the country. The number of household members is a risk factor for falling into the social group of the poor while a significant proportion of fiveperson households are represented by families with children.
Conclusions: There is a clear disproportion between groups with different numbers of children in terms of the share of the population with incomes below 40 thousand tenge. In the group of large families, the share of households with such income is three times greater than in the total population: 28.8% and 9.09%, respectively. To deepen the analysis of official statistics, indicators of chronic and child poverty are recommended, since they are of fundamental importance for assessing the results of social policy. We are planning an empirical sociological study to evaluate these indicators among the participants of a targeted social assistance program.
Biosorption of Lead, Cadmium, and Zinc onto Sunflower Shell: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2023

The present study deals with the application of an a bundant low cost biosorbent sunflower shell for metal ions removal. Lead, Cadmium and Zinc were chosen as model sorbates. The influences of initial pH, sorbent dosage, contact time, temperature and initial metal ions concentration on the removal efficiency were examined. The single ion equilibrium sorption data were fitted to the non-competitive Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Freundlich model represents the equilibrium data better than the Langmuir model. In single, binary and ternary component systems,Pb+2 ions was the most favorable component rather than Cd+2 and Zn+2 ions. The biosorption kinetics for the three metal ions followed the pseudo-second order kinetics indicating that the chemical sorption was the rate-limiting step. The thermodynamic parameters including free energy ( G0), enthalpy and entropy changes for Pb2+,Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions indicated that the sorption process was feasible,spontaneous,and endothermic in the temperature range 20-50 0 C .Desorption of the three metals ions from the biosorbent was effectively achieved in a 0.2 mol L-1 HCl solution.
Catalytic Reforming of Iraqi Naphtha over Pt-Ti / HY Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Ahmedzeki Nada S. , Al-Tabbakh Ban A. 
Published: July 2023

In the present work, zeolite Y has been synthesized successfully by sol-gel method.Zeolite was synthesized by crystallization of the final gel which consist from seeding and feed stock gels at 85 oC. HY zeolite was prepared by an ion exchange process with ammonium chloride solution and then loaded with different percentages of platinum and titanium by the wet - impregnation method.
X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Florescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), BET surface area and, Crushing strength were used to characterize the synthesized and prepared catalysts . Results showed high crystallinity 90% with silica to alumina ratio 5 for HY, high surface area of 600 m2/g and pore volume of 0.38 cm3/g.
The activity of the prepared zeolite was investigated using a pilot plant unit for the catalytic reforming of Iraqi heavy naphtha. All prepared catalysts were investigated at temperatures of 490,500 and 510oC ,pressure of 20 bar, H2 /HC ratio 3 and LHSV 1.4.hr-1.
Reformate was produced with 86 RON and 94% yield at 510ºC and 20 bar using 0.13 wt.% Pt - 0.75 wt.% Ti loaded on synthesized HY.
Experimental Investigation of Mass Transfer for Copper Reduction by Weight Difference Technique
Authors: Ibrahim Marwa H. , Najim Sarmad T. 
Published: July 2023

An experimental analysis was included to study and investigate the mass transport behavior of cupric ions reduction as the main reaction in the presence of 0.5M H2SO4 by weight difference technique (WDT). The experiments were carried out by electrochemical cell with a rotating cylinder electrode as cathode. The impacts of different operating conditions on mass transfer coefficient were analyzed such as rotation speeds 100-500 rpm, electrolyte temperatures 30-60 , and cupric ions concentration 250-750 ppm. The order of copper reduction reaction was investigated and it shows a first order reaction behavior. The mass transfer coefficient for the described system was correlated with the aid of dimensionless groups as follows:

Sh = 3.77 4075 < Re < 34088
MOTION GRAPHIC KAMPUNG WISATA JAMBANGAN SURABAYA SEBAGAI SARANA EDUKASI LINGKUNGAN SEHAT DAN BERSIH
Authors: Syauqi Firdaus Bryan , Synakarya Widyasari , Synakarya Diana Aqidatun Nisa 
Published: July 2023

Kampung Jambangan is a tourist village located in a densely populated area in the heart of Surabaya City. The environmental management in Kampung Jambangan can serve as a role model for educating the community about a healthy and clean environment. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, employing interview techniques, questionnaires, and observations of the residents of Kampung Jambangan. The results of this study indicate that the design of motion graphic animations on the education of a healthy and clean environment, using Kampung Jambangan as a case study, can be used as an effort to conserve the environment and campaign for preserving the environment in densely populated urban villages. Motion graphic animations can be an effective educational tool to enhance public awareness regarding a healthy and clean environment, by taking Kampung Jambangan as a benchmark case. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the development of campaigns promoting a healthy and clean environment in densely populated urban villages.
Keywords: Animation, Environment, Education, Tourism Village, Litter, Recycle.

ABSTRAK
Kampung Jambangan merupakan kampung wisata yang berada di area padat penduduk di tengah Kota Surabaya. Pengelolaan lingkungan di Kampung Jambangan sudah bisa dijadikan sebagai panutan untuk mengedukasi masyarakat tentang lingkungan sehat dan bersih Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, kuisoner dan observasi terhadap masyarakat Kampung Jambangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perancangan animasi motion graphic mengenai edukasi lingkungan yang sehat dan bersih dengan percontohan Kampung Jambangan ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu upaya konservasi lingkungan hidup dan kampanye tentang cara melestarikan lingkungan di kampung-kampung yang berada di perkotaan yang padat penduduk. animasi motion graphic dapat dijadikan sarana edukasi yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terkait lingkungan yang sehat dan bersih dengan mengambil percontohan Kampung Jambangan sebagai studi kasus. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan bagi pengembangan kampanye-kampanye lingkungan yang sehat dan bersih di kampung-kampung perkotaan yang padat penduduk.
Kata Kunci: Animasi, Lingkungan, Edukasi, Kampung Wisata, Sampah, Daur Ulang.
Analysis of mechanical characteristics of walking and running foot functional units based on non-negative matrix factorization
Authors: Bai Xiaotian , Huo Hongfeng , Liu Jingmin 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To explore the characteristics of Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NNMF) in analyzing the mechanical characteristics of foot functional units during walking and running.Methods: Eighteen subjects (9 males and 9 females) were recruited, and the ground reaction force curves of each foot region during walking and running were collected using a plantar pressure measurement system. NNMF was used to extract the mechanical features of different foot regions and to determine the number of foot functional units. The differences between the base matrices of walking and running were compared by traditional t-tests, and the differences in coefficient matrices were compared by one-dimensional statistical parameter mapping.Results: 1) When the number of foot functional units for walking and running were both 2, the Variability Accounted For (VAF) by the matrix exceeded 0.90 (VAF walk = 0.96 ± 0.02, VAF run = 0.95 ± 0.04); 2) In foot functional unit 1, both walking and running exhibited buffering function, with the heel region being the main force-bearing area and the forefoot also participating in partial buffering; 3) In foot functional unit 2, both walking and running exhibited push-off function, with the middle part of the forefoot having a higher contribution weight; 4) In foot functional unit 1, compared to walking, the overall force characteristics of the running foot were greater during the support phase of the 0%–20% stage, with the third and fourth metatarsal areas having higher contribution weights and the lateral heel area having lower weights; 5) In foot functional unit 2, compared to walking, the overall force was higher during the beginning and 11%–69% stages of running, and lower during the 4%–5% and 73%–92% stages. During running, the thumb area, the first metatarsal area and the midfoot area had higher contribution weights than during walking; in the third and fourth metatarsal areas, the contribution weights were lower during running than during walking.Conclusion: Based on the mechanical characteristics of the foot, walking and running can both be decomposed into two foot functional units: buffering and push-off. The forefoot occupies a certain weight in both buffering and push-off functions, indicating that there may be a complex foot function transformation mechanism in the transverse arch of foot. Compared to walking, running completes push-off earlier, and the force region is more inclined towards the inner side of the foot, with the hallux area having a greater weight during push-off. This study suggests that NNMF is feasible for analyzing foot mechanical characteristics.
Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of novel 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives containing an acylhydrazone moiety
Authors: Tang Chenghao , Guo Wenbo , Yang Shengzhou , Hu Xiuhong , Chen Xingju , Wang Xiang 
Published: July 2023

A series of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives containing an acylhydrazone moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activities against Gibberella zeae, Pellicularia sasakii, Phytophthora infestans, Capsicum wilt, and Phytophthora capsica. The structures of target compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13H NMR, 19F NMR and HRMS. The preliminary antifungal evaluation of all target compounds showed that some target compounds possessed moderate to good activities against G. zeae, P. sasakii, P. infestans and C. wilt. Among them, compounds 5L and 5o exhibited noticeable inhibition effects against G. zeae with the EC50 values (effective concentration for 50% activity) of 20.06 and 23.17 μg/ml, respectively, which were even nearly double effective than that of hymexazol (40.51 μg/ml). Meanwhile, compound 5q displayed a notable inhibitory effect toward P. sasakii, with the EC50 value of 26.66 μg/ml, which was better than that of hymexazol (32.77 μg/ml). In addition, compound 5r yielded the EC50 value of 15.37 μg/ml against P. infestans, which was less than those of hymexazol (18.35 μg/ml) and carbendazim (34.41 μg/ml). Eventually, compound 5p showed higher inhibitory effect against C. wilt, with EC50 value of 26.76 μg/ml, which was better than that of hymexazol (&gt;50 μg/ml).
Making confident and competent readers of Cell, Nature and Science papers using a flipped classroom approach to introduce protein detection techniques
Authors: de Vries Teun J. 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionIt is beneficial for all biomedical track courses to train students early in their educational career in reading biomedical literature. A shortcoming of many biomed track courses during undergraduate education is that laboratory techniques necessary for fully understanding further reading of biomedical articles are not part of courses early in the curriculum. To bridge this gap, an educational investment is needed that will create confident and competent readers of scientific biomedical literature. All consecutive courses in the biomedical track may benefit from such an investment. Probably, the nescience of techniques needed for protein detection, which are part of virtually all composite figures in cell biological articles, forms the basis of such a gap. Activating forms of education were shown to be effective and are increasingly implemented in higher education.MethodsHere, the implementation of a flipped classroom approach for explaining ELISA, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blotting and flow cytometry as four common basic protein detection methods is described. The successfulness of the educational approach was assessed in the exam, where a comparison was made between the experts’ and receivers’ grades. Students gave feedback on whether this method made them more confident and competent readers of biomedical literature.ResultsExperts on the four techniques were successful in conveying their field of expertise since exam performances on the specific techniques were equally good between experts and receivers. The flipped classroom activity made students more confident (65% agreed vs. 18% disagreed) and more competent (79% agreed vs. 12% disagreed).ConclusionA simple and time-efficient intervention early in their educational career, using a flipped classroom approach has resulted in self-reported confident and competent readers of scientific cell biological literature.
The duration of estrogen treatment before progesterone application does not affect neonatal and perinatal outcomes in frozen embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Du Mingze , Wang Zhongkai , Wu Sheling , Guan Yichun , Sun Lijun 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo explore whether the duration of estrogen treatment before progesterone application affects neonatal and perinatal outcomes in artificial frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent FET via artificial cycles and delivered a singleton live birth between January 2015 and August 2019 were included in the analysis. According to the duration of estrogen treatment before progesterone application, we divided the cycles into four groups: ①≤12 days, ②13-15 days, ③16-19 days, and ④≥20 days. The ‘≤12 days group’ was considered the reference group. The main outcome measures were preterm birth (PTB), small-for-gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), macrosomia, large-for-gestational age (LGA), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension, premature rupture and placenta previa.ResultsOverall, 2010 FET cycles with singleton live births were included for analysis. Cycles were allocated to four groups according to the duration of estrogen treatment before progesterone application: ①≤12 days (n=372), ②13-15 days (n=745), ③16-19 days (n=654), ④≥20 days (n=239). The neonatal outcomes, including PTB, SGA, LBW, macrosomia and LGA, were comparable among the groups (P=0.328, P=0.390, P=0.551, P=0.565, P=0.358). The rates of gestational hypertension, premature rupture and placenta previa (P=0.676, P=0.662, P=0.211) were similar among the groups. The rates of GDM among the four groups were 4.0% (15/372), 6.7% (50/745), 6.4% (42/654), and 11.3% (27/239), with statistical significance (P=0.006). After multiple logistic regression analysis, the duration of estrogen treatment did not affect the rate of GDM or other outcomes.ConclusionThe estrogen treatment duration before progesterone application does not affect neonatal and perinatal outcomes in single frozen blastocyst transfer cycles.
Development and validation of a risk prediction model for cage subsidence after instrumented posterior lumbar fusion based on machine learning: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Xiong Tuotuo , Wang Ben , Qin Wanyuan , Yang Ling , Ou Yunsheng 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundInterbody cage subsidence is a common complication after instrumented posterior lumbar fusion surgery, several previous studies have shown that cage subsidence is related to multiple factors. But the current research has not combined these factors to predict the subsidence, there is a lack of an individualized and comprehensive evaluation of the risk of cage subsidence following the surgery. So we attempt to identify potential risk factors and develop a risk prediction model that can predict the possibility of subsidence by providing a Cage Subsidence Score (CSS) after surgery, and evaluate whether machine learning-related techniques can effectively predict the subsidence.MethodsThis study reviewed 59 patients who underwent posterior lumbar fusion in our hospital from 2014 to 2019. They were divided into a subsidence group and a non-subsidence group according to whether the interbody fusion cage subsidence occurred during follow-up. Data were collected on the patient, including age, sex, cage segment, number of fusion segments, preoperative space height, postoperative space height, preoperative L4 lordosis Angle, postoperative L4 lordosis Angle, preoperative L5 lordosis Angle, postoperative PT, postoperative SS, postoperative PI. The conventional statistical analysis method was used to find potential risk factors that can lead to subsidence, then the results were incorporated into stepwise regression and machine learning algorithms, respectively, to build a model that could predict the subsidence. Finally the diagnostic efficiency of prediction is verified.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed significant differences in pre−/postoperative intervertebral disc height, postoperative L4 segment lordosis, postoperative PT, and postoperative SS between the subsidence group and the non-subsidence group (p &lt; 0.05). The CSS was trained by stepwise regression: 2 points for postoperative disc height &gt; 14.68 mm, 3 points for postoperative L4 segment lordosis angle &gt;16.91°, and 4 points for postoperative PT &gt; 22.69°. If the total score is larger than 0.5, it is the high-risk subsidence group, while less than 0.5 is low-risk. The score obtains the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.857 and 0.806 in the development and validation set, respectively. The AUC of the GBM model based on the machine learning algorithm to predict the risk in the training set is 0.971 and the validation set is 0.889. The AUC of the avNNet model reached 0.931 in the training set and 0.868 in the validation set, respectively.ConclusionThe machine learning algorithm has advantages in some indicators, and we have preliminarily established a CSS that can predict the risk of postoperative subsidence after lumbar fusion and confirmed the important application prospect of machine learning in solving practical clinical problems.
Oral fructose intake does not improve exercise, visual, or cognitive performance during acute normobaric hypoxia in healthy humans
Authors: Post Titiaan E. , Schmitz Jan , Denney Cayla , De Gioannis Riccardo , Weis Henning , Pesta Dominik , Peter Andreas , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Haufe Sven , Tegtbur Uwe , Frings-Meuthen Petra , Ewald Ann C. , Aeschbach Daniel , Jordan Jens 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe ability to metabolize fructose to bypass the glucose pathway in near-anaerobic conditions appears to contribute to the extreme hypoxia tolerance of the naked-mole rats. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous fructose could improve endurance capacity and cognitive performance in humans exposed to hypoxia.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 26 healthy adults (9 women, 17 men; 28.8 ± 8.1 (SD) years) ingested 75 g fructose, 82.5 g glucose, or placebo during acute hypoxia exposure (13% oxygen in a normobaric hypoxia chamber, corresponding to oxygen partial pressure at altitude of ~3,800 m) on separate days. We measured exercise duration, heart rate, SpO2, blood gasses, and perceived exertion during a 30-min incremental load test followed by Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue (FM-100) color vision testing and the unstable tracking task (UTT) to probe eye-hand coordination performance.ResultsExercise duration in hypoxia was 21.13 ± 0.29 (SEM) min on fructose, 21.35 ± 0.29 min on glucose, and 21.35 ± 0.29 min on placebo (p = 0.86). Heart rate responses and perceived exertion did not differ between treatments. Total error score (TES) during the FM-100 was 47.1 ± 8.0 on fructose, 45.6 ± 7.6 on glucose and 53.3 ± 9.6 on placebo (p = 0.35) and root mean square error (RMSE) during the UTT was 15.1 ± 1.0, 15.1 ± 1.0 and 15.3 ± 0.9 (p = 0.87).DiscussionWe conclude that oral fructose intake in non-acclimatized healthy humans does not acutely improve exercise performance and cognitive performance during moderate hypoxia. Thus, hypoxia tolerance in naked mole-rats resulting from oxygen-conserving fructose utilization, cannot be easily reproduced in humans.