bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of topological features on convolutional neural networks—an explanatory analysis via Grad-CAM
Authors: Lee Dongjin , Lee Seong-Heon , Jung Jae-Hun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Topological data analysis (TDA) characterizes the global structure of data based on topological invariants such as persistent homology, whereas convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are capable of characterizing local features in the global structure of the data. In contrast, a combined model of TDA and CNN, a family of multimodal networks, simultaneously takes the image and the corresponding topological features as the input to the network for classification, thereby significantly improving the performance of a single CNN. This innovative approach has been recently successful in various applications. However, there is a lack of explanation regarding how and why topological signatures, when combined with a CNN, improve discriminative power. In this paper, we use persistent homology to compute topological features and subsequently demonstrate both qualitatively and quantitatively the effects of topological signatures on a CNN model, for which the Grad-CAM analysis of multimodal networks and topological inverse image map are proposed and appropriately utilized. For experimental validation, we utilize two famous datasets: the transient versus bogus image dataset and the HAM10000 dataset. Using Grad-CAM analysis of multimodal networks, we demonstrate that topological features enforce the image network of a CNN to focus more on significant and meaningful regions across images rather than task-irrelevant artifacts such as background noise and texture.
Symmetric cubic laminations
Authors: Blokh Alexander , Oversteegen Lex , Selinger Nikita , Timorin Vladlen , Vejandla Sandeep 
Published: July 2023

To investigate the degree

d
d

connectedness locus, Thurston [On the geometry and dynamics of iterated rational maps, Complex Dynamics, A K Peters, Wellesley, MA, 2009, pp. 3–137] studied

σ
d

\sigma _d

-invariant laminations, where

σ
d

\sigma _d

is the

d
d

-tupling map on the unit circle, and built a topological model for the space of quadratic polynomials

f
(
z
)
=

z
2

+
c

f(z) = z^2 +c

. In the spirit of Thurston’s work, we consider the space of all cubic symmetric polynomials

f
λ

(
z
)
=

z
3

+

λ
2

z

f_\lambda (z)=z^3+\lambda ^2 z

in a series of three articles. In the present paper, the first in the series, we construct a lamination

C
s

C
L

C_sCL

together with the induced factor space

S

/

C
s

C
L

\mathbb {S}/C_sCL

of the unit circle

S

\mathbb {S}

. As will be verified in the third paper of the series,

S

/

C
s

C
L

\mathbb {S}/C_sCL

is a monotone model of the cubic symmetric connectedness locus, i.e. the space of all cubic symmetric polynomials with connected Julia sets.
Patterns of Electoral Violence During Côte D’Ivoire’s Third-Term Crisis
Authors: van Baalen Sebastian , Gbala Abel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Almost a decade after the 2011 post-electoral crisis, Côte d’Ivoire once again held elections marred by widespread violence. The third-term crisis revolved around President Alassane Ouattara’s controversial third-term bid and left at least 83 people dead and 633 people injured. This briefing draws on a new electoral violence dataset and field research to unpack patterns of violence during the crisis, and disentangles disruptive electoral violence related to the opposition’s campaign to thwart the election from incidental electoral violence related to the overall electoral tension. The findings show that incidental violence was far deadlier than disruptive violence, yet only tenuously related to the national political divide. This incidental violence was often driven by pre-existing local resource conflicts, revenge, rumours and disinformation, and elite manipulation. The briefing contributes new knowledge on the local drivers of electoral violence in Côte d’Ivoire, and cautions that viewing local communities only as victims of elite rivalries can make decision-makers overlook important risk factors.
Examining the Relationship Between Multilevel Resilience Resources and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence, Overall and by Psychosocial Risks, Among Participants in the Jackson Heart Study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study
Authors: Park Jee Won , Dulin Akilah J , Scarpaci Matthew M , Dionne Laura A , Needham Belinda L , Sims Mario , Kanaya Alka M , Kandula Namratha R , Loucks Eric B , Fava Joseph L , Eaton Charles B , Howe Chanelle J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We examined relationships between resilience resources (optimism, social support, and neighborhood social cohesion) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and assessed potential effect-measure modification by psychosocial risk factors (e.g., stress, depression) among adults without CVD in 3 cohort studies (2000–2018): the Jackson Heart Study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study. We fitted adjusted Cox models accounting for within-neighborhood clustering while censoring at dropout or non-CVD death. We assessed for effect-measure modification by psychosocial risks. In secondary analyses, we estimated standardized risk ratios using inverse-probability–weighted Aalen-Johansen estimators to account for confounding, dropout, and competing risks (non-CVD deaths) and obtained 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using cluster bootstrapping. For high and medium (versus low) optimism (n = 6,243), adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident CVD were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.13) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.07), respectively. Corresponding HRs were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.04) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.06) for social support (n = 7,729) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.29) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.16) for social cohesion (n = 7,557), respectively. Some psychosocial risks modified CVD HRs. Secondary analyses yielded similar findings. For optimism and social support, an inverse relationship was frequently most compatible with the data, but a positive relationship was also compatible. For neighborhood social cohesion, positive and null relationships were most compatible. Thus, specific resilience resources may be potential intervention targets, especially among certain subgroups.
Collecting Big Data Through Citizen Science: Gamification and Game-based Approaches to Data Collection in Applied Linguistics
Authors: Kim Yoolim , Kogan Vita V , Zhang Cong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Gamification of behavioral experiments has been applied successfully to research in a number of disciplines, including linguistics. We believe that these methods have been underutilized in applied linguistics, in particular second-language acquisition research. The incorporation of games and gaming elements (gamification) in behavioral experiments has been shown to mitigate many of the practical constraints characteristic of lab settings, such as limited recruitment or only achieving small-scale data. However, such constraints are no longer an issue with gamified and game-based experiments, and as a result, data collection can occur remotely with greater ease and on a much wider scale, yielding data that are ecologically valid and robust. These methods enable the collection of data that are comparable in quality to the data collected in more traditional settings while engaging far more diverse participants with different language backgrounds that are more representative of the greater population. We highlight three successful applications of using games and gamification with applied linguistic experiments to illustrate the effectiveness of such approaches in a greater effort to invite other applied linguists to do the same.
Models of KPTN-related disorder implicate mTOR signalling in cognitive and overgrowth phenotypes
Authors: Levitin Maria O , Rawlins Lettie E , Sanchez-Andrade Gabriela , Arshad Osama A , Collins Stephan C , Sawiak Stephen J , Iffland Phillip H , Andersson Malin H L , Bupp Caleb , Cambridge Emma L , Coomber Eve L , Ellis Ian , Herkert Johanna C , Ironfield Holly , Jory Logan , Kretz Perrine F , Kant Sarina G , Neaverson Alexandra , Nibbeling Esther , Rowley Christine , Relton Emily , Sanderson Mark , Scott Ethan M , Stewart Helen , Shuen Andrew Y , Schreiber John , Tuck Liz , Tonks James , Terkelsen Thorkild , van Ravenswaaij-Arts Conny , Vasudevan Pradeep , Wenger Olivia , Wright Michael , Day Andrew , Hunter Adam , Patel Minal , Lelliott Christopher J , Crino Peter B , Yalcin Binnaz , Crosby Andrew H , Baple Emma L , Logan Darren W , Hurles Matthew E , Gerety Sebastian S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
KPTN-related disorder is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with germline variants in KPTN (previously known as kaptin), a component of the mTOR regulatory complex KICSTOR. To gain further insights into the pathogenesis of KPTN-related disorder, we analysed mouse knockout and human stem cell KPTN loss-of-function models.
Kptn −/− mice display many of the key KPTN-related disorder phenotypes, including brain overgrowth, behavioural abnormalities, and cognitive deficits. By assessment of affected individuals, we have identified widespread cognitive deficits (n = 6) and postnatal onset of brain overgrowth (n = 19). By analysing head size data from their parents (n = 24), we have identified a previously unrecognized KPTN dosage-sensitivity, resulting in increased head circumference in heterozygous carriers of pathogenic KPTN variants.
Molecular and structural analysis of Kptn−/− mice revealed pathological changes, including differences in brain size, shape and cell numbers primarily due to abnormal postnatal brain development. Both the mouse and differentiated induced pluripotent stem cell models of the disorder display transcriptional and biochemical evidence for altered mTOR pathway signalling, supporting the role of KPTN in regulating mTORC1.
By treatment in our KPTN mouse model, we found that the increased mTOR signalling downstream of KPTN is rapamycin sensitive, highlighting possible therapeutic avenues with currently available mTOR inhibitors. These findings place KPTN-related disorder in the broader group of mTORC1-related disorders affecting brain structure, cognitive function and network integrity.
Experimental investigation of photovoltaic systems for performance improvement using water cooling
Authors: Attia Hussain , Hossin Khaled , Al Hazza Muataz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This research aims to analyse the comparative performance of two identical photovoltaic (PV) panels with load variations and integrating an automated water-cooling process under the climatic conditions of the United Arab Emirates. The work also presents the steps of system design, implementation and performance evaluation of the proposed PV system, and all electrical, control and mechanical components along with how they were integrated within a 100-W PV system. MATLAB®/Simulink® was used only to simulate the behaviours of the PV panel under wide ranges of incident sunlight and ambient temperature. The tests were performed for a day-long operation during a clear summer day. The experimental results demonstrate an improvement in the PV system performance compared with the uncooled system by ~1.6% in terms of total harvested energy using the proposed water-cooling process with a frequency of 2 minutes of cooling operation every 30 minutes during day hours.
Analogous cortical reorganization accompanies entry into states of reduced consciousness during anesthesia and sleep
Authors: Krause Bryan M , Campbell Declan I , Kovach Christopher K , Mueller Rashmi N , Kawasaki Hiroto , Nourski Kirill V , Banks Matthew I 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Theories of consciousness suggest that brain mechanisms underlying transitions into and out of unconsciousness are conserved no matter the context or precipitating conditions. We compared signatures of these mechanisms using intracranial electroencephalography in neurosurgical patients during propofol anesthesia and overnight sleep and found strikingly similar reorganization of human cortical networks. We computed the “effective dimensionality” of the normalized resting state functional connectivity matrix to quantify network complexity. Effective dimensionality decreased during stages of reduced consciousness (anesthesia unresponsiveness, N2 and N3 sleep). These changes were not region-specific, suggesting global network reorganization. When connectivity data were embedded into a low-dimensional space in which proximity represents functional similarity, we observed greater distances between brain regions during stages of reduced consciousness, and individual recording sites became closer to their nearest neighbors. These changes corresponded to decreased differentiation and functional integration and correlated with decreases in effective dimensionality. This network reorganization constitutes a neural signature of states of reduced consciousness that is common to anesthesia and sleep. These results establish a framework for understanding the neural correlates of consciousness and for practical evaluation of loss and recovery of consciousness.
Global Landscape of Encephalitis: Key Priorities to Reduce Future Disease Burden
Authors: Granerod Julia , Huang Yun , Davies Nicholas W S , Sequeira Patricia C , Mwapasa Victor , Rupali Priscilla , Michael Benedict D , Solomon Tom , Easton Ava 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Encephalitis affects people across the lifespan, has high rates of mortality and morbidity, and results in significant neurological sequelae with long-term consequences to quality of life and wider society. The true incidence is currently unknown due to inaccurate reporting systems. The disease burden of encephalitis is unequally distributed across the globe being highest in low- and middle-income countries where resources are limited. Here countries often lack diagnostic testing, with poor access to essential treatments and neurological services, and limited surveillance and vaccination programs. Many types of encephalitis are vaccine preventable, whereas others are treatable with early diagnosis and appropriate management. In this viewpoint, we provide a narrative review of key aspects of diagnosis, surveillance, treatment, and prevention of encephalitis and highlight priorities for public health, clinical management, and research, to reduce the disease burden.
Economic and Clinical Burden of Herpes Zoster Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States
Authors: Singer David , Thompson-Leduc Philippe , Gupta Deepshekhar , Poston Sara , Cheng Wendy Y , Ma Siyu , Pawlowski John E , Duh Mei Sheng , Devine Francesca , Banatwala Azeem , Bernstein Emma , Farraye Francis A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ); however, relevant cost and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) data are limited.

Methods
We estimated HCRU (hospitalization, emergency department [ED], and outpatient visits) and costs in patients with UC or CD, with and without HZ, using administrative claims data (October 2015–February 2020). HCRU and costs (2020 US dollars) were compared at 1 month, 1 quarter, and 1 year after the index date, using propensity score adjustment and generalized linear models.

Results
In total, 20 948 patients were included: UC+/HZ+ (n = 431), UC+/HZ– (n = 10 285), CD+/HZ+ (n = 435), and CD+/HZ– (n = 9797). Patients with HZ had higher all-cause HCRU rates and all-cause total healthcare costs relative to those without HZ. In the first month, adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) for hospitalizations and ED visits for patients with UC and HZ compared with UC alone were 2.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.93–4.27) and 2.66 (95% CI,1.74–4.05), respectively; for those with CD and HZ, aIRRs were 3.34 (95% CI, 2.38–4.70) and 3.31 (95% CI, 2.32–4.71), respectively, compared with CD alone (all P &lt; .001). Adjusted cost differences in UC and CD cohorts with HZ over the first month were $2189 and $3774, respectively, chiefly driven by higher inpatient costs. The incremental impact on HCRU and costs in cohorts with HZ predominantly occurred during the first quarter following diagnosis.

Conclusions
HZ is associated with increased HCRU and costs in patients with UC and CD, especially shortly after diagnosis.
The public sphere and contemporary lifeworld: reconstruction in the context of systemic crises
Authors: Friedland Lewis A , Kunelius Risto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor the Habermasian theory of the “public sphere” to make sense in the 2020s, it must be able to address the modern tendency toward global systemic crises. To examine the relevance of the Habermasian public sphere to today’s deeply interconnected digital world, this article provides a selective reading of Habermas’ writings on the public sphere, examining how he developed the concept from its conceptual core (1962) through his Legitimation Crisis (LC; 1973) and The Theory of Communicative Action (TCA; vol. 1 [1981] 1984, vol. 2 [1981] 1987). Working from the perspective of the “differentiated lifeworld,” we show here that the theory’s background assumptions about reality (truth), solidarity (justice), personality (authenticity) are now being exposed and destabilized by current crisis tendencies and imaginaries. Here, we examine three exemplary (and interconnected) global disruptions that expose these assumptions: the climate crisis, the intensification of financial inequality in the Global North, and the rapid push toward datafication. Through our examination of whether the public sphere as Habermas conceived of it can exist in today’s world, we provide a more expansive form of criticism of the public sphere (which is usually critiqued on the narrow grounds of the rational bias of communicative rationality). Here, we underscore the fundamental importance of addressing the complex system-lifeworld dynamics that are today re-conceptualizing and re-contextualizing the “public sphere” in this era of contemporary global crises.
Orbital atherectomy to facilitate transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with calcified iliofemoral arteries: a case series
Authors: Quagliana Angelo , Montarello Nicholas J , Vanhaverbeke Maarten , Willemen Yannick , Campens Laurence , Sondergaard Lars , De Backer Ole 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The transfemoral (TF) approach drives most of the advantages of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) over surgical aortic valve replacement. Alternative accesses for TAVI are associated with higher complication rates, but are still considered in ∼5% of cases due to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty can still allow TF-TAVI in selected cases with severe calcific PAD; however, ancillary techniques for calcium management are often needed.

Case Summary
Orbital atherectomy was selected to facilitate TF-TAVI in two patients with different degrees and aspects of calcific PAD. Pre-procedural computed tomography analysis was key to choose the most appropriate technique for calcium management. We describe our experience with a step-by-step procedural approach to orbital atherectomy-assisted TF-TAVI.

Discussion
PAD is not uncommon in patients affected by severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis. Orbital atherectomy can still allow TF-TAVI in selected cases with severe calcific PAD. A meticulous patient selection and a standardized, step-wise procedural execution are mandatory to optimize outcomes.
Cognitive function during 3 years of growth hormone in previously growth hormone-treated young adults with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Trueba - Timmermans Demi J , Grootjen Lionne N , Juriaans Alicia F , Mahabier Eva F , Kerkhof Gerthe F , Rings Edmond H H M , Hokken-Koelega Anita C S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
Most patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) have mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Growth hormone (GH) treatment has positive short- and long-term effects on cognition in children with PWS. Few studies, however, have investigated the effects of GH on cognitive functioning in adults with PWS.

Objective
To investigate the effects of 3 years of GH treatment on cognitive functioning and behavior in young adults with PWS who were treated with GH during childhood.

Design
Open-label, prospective study.

Setting
Dutch PWS Reference Center.

Methods
Patients were treated with 0.33 mg GH/m²/day (∼0.012 mg/kg/day; 33% of childhood dose). Cognitive functioning was measured by Wechsler Adult Intelligence (WAIS) tests. Behavior was studied by a developmental behavior checklist—parents/caregivers (DBC-P).

Results
Forty-six young adults with PWS with a median age of 19 (IQR 17-21) years were investigated. Estimated mean (95% CI) total, verbal, and performance IQ remained stable during 3 years of GH-treatment. Total IQ being 66 (63-69) at the start and 67 (64-71) after 3 years (P = .30); Verbal IQ being 65 (62-68) and 66 (62-70), respectively (P = .31) and performance IQ being 67 (63-70) and 67 (63-72) resp. (P = .42). Estimated mean Total DBC score did not significantly change during 3 years of GH-treatment, being 36.3 at start and 36.5 after 3 years (P = .94) (P50).

Conclusions
Three years of GH-treatment in young adults with PWS with 33% of the pediatric dose, maintains total, verbal, and performance IQ. The emotional and behavioral disturbances remained stable and were similar compared to peers with other intellectual disabilities.
In host evolution of Exophiala dermatitidis in cystic fibrosis lung micro-environment
Authors: Kurbessoian Tania , Murante Daniel , Crocker Alex , Hogan Deborah A , Stajich Jason E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are susceptible to chronic lung infections that lead to inflammation and irreversible lung damage. While most respiratory infections that occur in CF are caused by bacteria, some are dominated by fungi such as the slow-growing black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis. Here, we analyze isolates of E. dermatitidis cultured from two samples, collected from a single subject 2 years apart. One isolate genome was sequenced using long-read Nanopore technology as an in-population reference to use in comparative single nucleotide polymorphism and insertion–deletion variant analyses of 23 isolates. We then used population genomics and phylo-genomics to compare the isolates to each other as well as the reference genome strain E. dermatitidis NIH/UT8656. Within the CF lung population, three E. dermatitidis clades were detected, each with varying mutation rates. Overall, the isolates were highly similar suggesting that they were recently diverged. All isolates were MAT 1-1, which was consistent with their high relatedness and the absence of evidence for mating or recombination between isolates. Phylogenetic analysis grouped sets of isolates into clades that contained isolates from both early and late time points indicating there are multiple persistent lineages. Functional assessment of variants unique to each clade identified alleles in genes that encode transporters, cytochrome P450 oxidoreductases, iron acquisition, and DNA repair processes. Consistent with the genomic heterogeneity, isolates showed some stable phenotype heterogeneity in melanin production, subtle differences in antifungal minimum inhibitory concentrations, and growth on different substrates. The persistent population heterogeneity identified in lung-derived isolates is an important factor to consider in the study of chronic fungal infections, and the analysis of changes in fungal pathogens over time may provide important insights into the physiology of black yeasts and other slow-growing fungi in vivo.