bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticospinal fibers with different origins impair in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging study
Authors: Huang Nao‐Xin , Qin Wen , Lin Jia‐Hui , Dong Qiu‐Yi , Chen Hua‐Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate microstructural impairments of corticospinal tracts (CSTs) with different origins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI).MethodsDiffusion‐weighted imaging data acquired from 39 patients with ALS and 50 controls were used to estimate NODDI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) models. Fine maps of CST subfibers originating from the primary motor area (M1), premotor cortex, primary sensory area, and supplementary motor area (SMA) were segmented. NODDI metrics (neurite density index [NDI] and orientation dispersion index [ODI]) and DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean/axial/radial diffusivity [MD/AD/RD]) were computed.ResultsThe patients with ALS showed microstructural impairments (reflected by NDI, ODI, and FA reductions and MD, AD, and RD increases) in CST subfibers, especially in M1 fibers, which correlated with disease severity. Compared with other diffusion metrics, NDI yielded a higher effect size and detected the greatest extent of CST subfibers damage. Logistic regression analyses based on NDI in M1 subfiber yielded the best diagnostic performance compared with other subfibers and the whole CST.ConclusionsMicrostructural impairment of CST subfibers (especially those originating from M1) is the key feature of ALS. The combination of NODDI and CST subfibers analysis may improve diagnosing performance for ALS.
The impact of intestinal stoma formation on patient quality of life after emergency surgery—A systematic review
Authors: MacDonald Scott , Wong Li‐Siang , John‐Charles Rachel , McKee Tracey , Quasim Tara , Moug Susan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimElective stoma formation has a negative effect on patient quality of life (QoL), with a potential detrimental impact on body image, confidence and social functioning being shown previously. However, the impact of emergency stoma formation on QoL has been explored less frequently. This systematic review aims to synthesize all available literature exploring QoL via patient‐reported outcome measures.MethodsA search strategy was implemented on 24 November 2022 across Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo and the Cochrane Library database after registration on PROSPERO (CRD42022370606). Studies were included if they used a standardized patient‐reported outcome measure, had more than five emergency stoma patients, age > 18 years and were fully published in English. Two of three independent researchers screened articles, extracted data and performed quality assessment using the Newcastle−Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane risk of bias tool.ResultsIn all, 1775 articles were screened, with 16 included in the systematic review. This included 1868 emergency stoma patients (men:women 0.53; median age 64.6 years) followed up for a median of 12 months. Patients who had a Hartmann's procedure for perforated diverticulitis had poorer QoL than those who underwent primary anastomosis. There was a negligible difference in QoL between those who had a colonic stent for obstructing colorectal cancer compared with those who underwent emergency stoma formation. Female sex, end stoma formation and ileostomy formation were all identified as risk factors for poorer QoL.ConclusionPatients undergoing emergency stoma surgery have marginally poorer QoL compared with those undergoing similar procedures without stoma formation. Further work is required to identify risk factors associated with this and also to compare QoL after stoma reversal.
Impact of endoscopy intervals on metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection: Comparison between 1 year and half‐a‐year
Authors: Ozeki Yuichiro , Hirasawa Kingo , Sawada Atsushi , Ikeda Ryosuke , Nishio Masafumi , Fukuchi Takehide , Kobayashi Ryosuke , Sato Chiko , Maeda Shin 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesJapanese guidelines recommend posttreatment endoscopy once or twice a year after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer. However, the impact of endoscopy intervals on metachronous gastric cancer (MGC) remains unclear, especially the difference between 1‐year and half‐a‐year intervals. We aimed to investigate this difference.MethodsThis study retrospectively investigated 2429 patients who underwent gastric ESD between May 2001 and June 2019 at our hospital. Patients who developed MGC were classified based on those who underwent the previous endoscopy within at least 7 months (short‐interval group) and within 8–13 months (regular‐interval group). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for possible confounders. The primary outcome was the proportion of MGC beyond curative ESD criteria established in the guidelines.ResultsA total of 216 eligible patients developed MGC. The short‐ and regular‐interval groups included 43 and 173 patients, respectively. Overall, no patients in the short‐interval group had MGC beyond curative ESD criteria, while 27 patients in the regular‐interval group did. The proportion of MGC beyond curative ESD criteria was significantly lower in the short‐interval group than in the regular‐interval group before (P = 0.003) and after (P = 0.028) PSM. Although not significant, the short‐interval group tended to have a higher stomach preservation rate than the regular‐interval group (P = 0.093).ConclusionOur study indicated a possible benefit of biannual surveillance endoscopy in the early post‐ESD period.
Ex vivo expansion of primary cells from limb tissue of Pleurodeles waltl
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Sekiya Reiko , Li Tao‐Sheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPleurodeles waltl is coming to light as a model animal, especially in regeneration studies, but deep studies on the molecular mechanisms have been limited due to the absence of primary tissue cells for wide usage. Therefore, we aimed to grow primary cells from limb tissue of P. waltl for in vitro experiments. Limb tissues were cut into small pieces and seeded as “explants” on culture dishes coated with fibronectin and gelatin. Compared to the control without coating, both fibronectin and gelatin supported quicker outgrowth of cells from explants and faster cell adhesion, and fibronectin showed significantly better performance than gelatin. Interestingly, the doubling time of cells on fibronectin‐ and gelatin‐coated surfaces was almost the same (42.39 ± 2.79 h vs. 42.91 ± 3.69 h) and was not significantly different from that on non‐coated plates (49.64 ± 3.63 h). The cryopreserved cells were successfully recovered and showed a multiplication capacity that was similar to that of fresh cells. Senescent cells were barely detected even after long‐term sub‐culture (>15 passages). Moreover, enhanced fluorescence of MitoSOX™ Red in cells under H2O2 exposure confirmed the respondence to chemical stimuli. Collectively, our results show that we are able to grow enough good‐quality cells from P. waltl limb tissue for in vitro experiments, and fibronectin coating provides the best biocompatible environment for cell outgrowth and attachment.
Crosstalk between the mTOR and Hippo pathways
Authors: Honda Daichi , Okumura Misako , Chihara Takahiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCell behavior changes in response to multiple stimuli, such as growth factors, nutrients, and cell density. The mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is activated by growth factors and nutrient stimuli to regulate cell growth and autophagy, whereas the Hippo pathway has negative effects on cell proliferation and tissue growth in response to cell density, DNA damage, and hormonal signals. These two signaling pathways must be precisely regulated and integrated for proper cell behavior. This integrative mechanism is not completely understood; nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that components of the mTOR and Hippo pathways interact with each other. Herein, as per contemporary knowledge, we review the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the mTOR and Hippo pathways in mammals and Drosophila. Moreover, we discuss the advantage of this interaction in terms of tissue growth and nutrient consumption.
Petro‐theology: Critical engagement with theologies of energy and extraction
Authors: Rowe Terra Schwerin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis essay serves as a more extended introduction to many of the themes, concerns, and aims of this issue. Along these lines, key terms and discourses like extractivism, energy humanities, and petroculture studies are introduced. The essay elaborates two key claims: energy has been theological (and not just techno‐scientific) and analysis of current energy concerns (including climate change) need to be theorized and addressed in relation to land. These claims call for approaches to an energy‐driven climate crisis that attend to theo‐philosophical assumptions of energy and extraction and point to the significance of energy humanities approaches. Engagement with energy and extractivism humanities leads to a call for further attention to three different areas within Christian energy ethics and Religion & Environmentalism scholarship: (1) an approach to Christian energy ethics that better accounts for the theo‐philosophical gendered, racialized, and colonial implications of energy concepts, (2) closer attention to mineralogies and geologies among ecotheologians and 3) critical assessment of convergences of creation and redemption theologies for extractive aims.
From Virtue Argumentation to Virtue Dialogue Theory: How Aristotle Shifts the Conversation for Virtue Theory and Education*
Authors: Finley Cassie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAndrew Aberdein recently explored whether Aristotle held a (proto‐)virtue argumentation theory, which would evaluate a good argument in terms of whether the arguers engaged virtuously. Aberdein admits, however, that connections between virtue, character, and argumentation are scarce within Aristotle's works. Accordingly, here Cassie Finley approaches this question from a different angle, comparing Aristotle's concepts of dialectic and rhetoric with virtue theories of argumentation. She argues that the essential features of dialectic and rhetoric are in tension with the defining characteristics of virtue argumentation theories. However, this tension raises a deeper methodological tension within virtue argumentation theories regarding their “intuitive” conception of arguments. Finley outlines a more viable route forward for virtue argumentation theorists, one that dissolves this tension through reframing their project as a virtue dialogue theory. This shift toward dialogue would help to assuage the main objections to virtue argumentation theories regarding adversariality, incompleteness, and vulnerability to ad hominems. At the same time, developing toward a virtue dialogue theory better aligns with the intuitive sense of engaging well with others that defines the virtue argumentation project, and it also more fruitfully sets up the project to encourage future scholarship connecting virtue ethics, virtue epistemology, and philosophy of education.
A complex landscape favours the abundance and species richness of syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) in olive groves
Authors: Ortega M. , Matallanas B. , Ricarte A. , Pascual S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Sustainability of agroecosystems depends on the ecosystem services, provided by beneficial organisms, such as the syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) acting as other‐insect predators and pollinators in different crops. In the case of olive groves, syrphids are predators of important pests and are endangered by the continuous intensification of agriculture, including landscape simplification. In this work, the effect of landscape structure on the abundance and species richness of syrphids in the olive agroecosystem of central Spain is assessed.
Adult syrphids were sampled in 2015 and 2016 in the centre of circular areas of 15 olive grove landscapes (from 250 to 1500 m radius) representing a gradient of landscape complexity, in the province of Madrid, central Spain.
The syrphid assemblage was made up of 57 species, although Eupeodes corollae, Eristalis tenax, Eristalis similis and Chrysotoxum intermedium made up 76% of the captures.
Syrphid abundance and species richness were favoured in complex landscapes, with low olive grove area (CAO). Other landscape indices showed also this trend although their effect was not as strong and consistent as that of CAO. The area of scrublands (CAS) favoured syrphids in spring, but was unfavourable in autumn. The effect of Shannon's Evenness Index (SHEI) and mean shape index (MSI) was less consistent. The effect of CAO increased with increasing buffers radii, while the effect of CAS, SHEI and MSI was detected in general at smaller radii, indicating these indices affect different processes.
Redundancy analysis (RDA) detected some differences between species regarding their abundance in spring versus autumn, and their relationship with landscape indices.
This work provides new evidence that maintenance of complex landscapes is essential for maintaining functional biodiversity in the olive agroecosystem.
Failure of mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells associated with elevated serum levels of anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Seth Abhishek , Murray David , Buadi Francis K. , Gertz Morie A. , Yadav Udit , Kumar Shaji K. , Gonsalves Wilson I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDaratumumab is an anti‐CD38 antibody that is increasingly incorporated in induction regimens for treating patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). Previous reports have demonstrated a lower yield of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) after induction with daratumumab; however, none of them reported a failure to collect an adequate number of HSCs. We describe a case of adequate HSC mobilization failure in a patient who inadvertently received excessive doses of daratumumab and was confirmed by higher‐than‐expected circulating levels of daratumumab by mass spectrometry. Eventual clearance of circulating daratumumab was associated with the successful mobilization and harvesting of HSCs.
Interoceptive and metacognitive facets of fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rouault Marion , Pereira Inês , Galioulline Herman , Fleming Stephen M. , Stephan Klaas Enno , Manjaly Zina‐Mary 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNumerous disorders are characterised by fatigue as a highly disabling symptom. Fatigue plays a particularly important clinical role in multiple sclerosis (MS) where it exerts a profound impact on quality of life. Recent concepts of fatigue grounded in computational theories of brain–body interactions emphasise the role of interoception and metacognition in the pathogenesis of fatigue. So far, however, for MS, empirical data on interoception and metacognition are scarce. This study examined interoception and (exteroceptive) metacognition in a sample of 71 persons with a diagnosis of MS. Interoception was assessed by prespecified subscales of a standard questionnaire (Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness [MAIA]), while metacognition was investigated with computational models of choice and confidence data from a visual discrimination paradigm. Additionally, autonomic function was examined by several physiological measurements. Several hypotheses were tested based on a preregistered analysis plan. In brief, we found the predicted association of interoceptive awareness with fatigue (but not with exteroceptive metacognition) and an association of autonomic function with exteroceptive metacognition (but not with fatigue). Furthermore, machine learning (elastic net regression) showed that individual fatigue scores could be predicted out‐of‐sample from our measurements, with questionnaire‐based measures of interoceptive awareness and sleep quality as key predictors. Our results support theoretical concepts of interoception as an important factor for fatigue and demonstrate the general feasibility of predicting individual levels of fatigue from simple questionnaire‐based measures of interoception and sleep.
Gut parasites infection increases mate rejection in a species with indirect sperm transfer
Authors: Palen Pietri Rocío , Ceballos Alejandra L. , Peretti Alfredo V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn animals where both males and females have high costs associated with reproduction, it is not rare that both sexes evaluate their potential mate conditions to make the most beneficial choice according to their preferences. Parasite‐mediated selection theories predict that individuals would evaluate the ability of their potential mates to resist parasites and decide whether to accept or reject mating based on that information. These studies of parasite‐mediated sexual selection had been carried out through the traditional sex roles perspectives. Our study species in this article is one with indirect sperm transfer, the pseudoscorpion Lustrochernes argentinus, and we evaluated mating on the health condition (infected or not) of both males and females. Our hypothesis is that the presence of gregarines in potential mates influences mate choice and for that, we analyzed (1) if gregarine‐infected individuals suffer a higher proportion of rejection by their uninfected partners and (2) if spermatophore use success is lower when any of the individuals are infected. We tested this in a behavioral laboratory trial, comparing rejection by the male and the female and spermatophore use in four experimental groups. We found that both males and females suffer a higher probability of rejection when infected with gregarines; the maximum probability of sperm uptake success is when both individuals are healthy.
Views about cooperative marriage among sexual minority and heterosexual Chinese international students
Authors: Li Yanbin (Barbara) , Patterson Charlotte J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated heterosexual and nonheterosexual Chinese international students' views about cooperative marriages and romantic relationships.BackgroundCooperative marriages and romantic relationships are those in which two partners, one or both of whom self‐identify as nonheterosexual, consent and pretend to be a heterosexual couple as a means of relieving social pressures that require involvement in heterosexual relationships (Kam, 2013).MethodIn total, 265 Chinese international students (Mage = 23 years) participated in an online survey; 210 self‐identified as heterosexual and 55 as members of sexual minority groups.ResultsStudents who identified as members of sexual minority groups reported few aspirations and unfavorable attitudes toward cooperative marriages and relationships. Of the students identifying as members of sexual minority groups, those who envisioned future residence in foreign countries reported fewer aspirations for such relationships than their nonheterosexual peers who anticipated returning to China. Moreover, regardless of sexual identities, students who reported higher endorsement of traditional cultural values held less negative attitudes toward such relationships. For students who identified as members of sexual minority groups, stronger acculturation to the U.S. culture was associated with more negative attitudes toward such relationships.ConclusionOur study found that Chinese international students identifying as members of sexual minority groups held unfavorable views about cooperative marriage and it highlighted the role of transnational mobility and cultures in these views.ImplicationsOur study implied the importance of cultural responsiveness in how health practitioners could better support individuals of diverse sexual identities and cultural backgrounds.
Effect of slurry application techniques on nitrous oxide emission from temperate grassland under varying soil and climatic conditions
Authors: Nyameasem John Kormla , Ruser Reiner , Kluß Christof , Essich Christoph , Zutz Mareike , ten Huf Martin , Buchen‐Tschiskale Caroline , Flessa Heinz , Olfs Hans‐Werner , Taube Friedhelm , Reinsch Thorsten 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe effect of slurry application techniques and slurry N stabilizing strategies on nitrous oxide emission from grasslands is poorly understood and, therefore, can result in large uncertainties in national/regional inventories. Field experiments were, thus, conducted to estimate the effect of different fertilization techniques on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Fertilizer was applied (135–270 kg N ha−1 year−1) as calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), untreated or treated cattle slurry. The slurry was either treated with sulfuric acid (target pH = 6.0), applied using trailing shoes or treated with 3,4‐dimethyl pyrazole phosphate and applied via slot injection. N2O fluxes were sampled using the closed chamber technique. Cumulative N2O emissions ranged 0.1–2.9 kg N ha−1 year−1 across the treatment, sites and years. The N application techniques showed inconsistent effects on soil mineral N content, cumulative N2O emission and N yield. The fertilizer replacement value of slurry was low due to low N use efficiencies at the sites. However, a close positive relationship (r = 0.5; p = .013) between slurry value and biomass yield was observed, highlighting the benefit of high slurry value on crop productivity. N2O‐N emission factors were low for all treatments, including CAN, but were 2–6 times higher in 2019 than in 2020 due to lower precipitation in 2020. Variations in N2O emission were largely explained by soil and climatic factors. Even with the low N2O emissions, this study highlights the benefit (significant mitigation of N2O emissions) of replacing the increasingly expensive chemical fertilizer N with input from slurry under favourable conditions for denitrification.
Exploring the root canal microbiome in previously treated teeth: A comparative study of diversity and metabolic pathways across two geographical locations
Authors: Arias‐Moliz M. T. , Ordinola‐Zapata R. , Staley C. , Pérez‐Carrasco V. , García‐Salcedo J. A. , Uroz‐Torres D. , Soriano M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo analyse and compare the root canal microbiome present in root‐filled teeth of two different geographical populations, and to study their functional potential using a next‐generation sequencing approach.MethodologySequencing data obtained from surgical specimens from previously treated teeth with periapical bone loss from Spain and USA were included in the study. Taxa were classified using SILVA v.138 database. Differences in genera abundances among the 10 most abundant genera were evaluated using a Kruskal–Wallis test. Alpha diversity indices were calculated in mothur. The Shannon and Chao1 indices were used. Analyses of similarity (ANOSIM) to determine differences in community composition were done in mothur, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. p‐Values < .05 were considered statistically significant. Identification of enriched bacteria function prediction in the study groups (KEGG pathways) was carried out by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) via Python 3.7.6.ResultsA greater alpha‐diversity (Shannon and Chao1 indices) was observed from samples obtained in Spain (p = .002). Geography showed no significant effects on community composition via an ANOSIM using Bray–Curtis dissimilarities (R = 0.03, p = .21). Bacterial functional analysis prediction obtained by PICRUSt showed that 5.7% KEGG pathways differed between the Spain and US samples.ConclusionsThe taxonomic assessment alone does not fully capture the microbiome's differences from two different geographical locations. Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were enriched in samples from Spain, while samples from USA had a higher representation of pathways related to nitrogen, propanoate metabolism, and secretion systems.