bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red meat safety from livestock to retail in Tanzania: Policy and practice
Authors: Hrynick Tabitha , Davis Margaret A , Swai Emmanuel S , Benschop Jackie , Cleaveland Sarah , Crump John A , French Nigel P , Karimuribo Esron , Kazwala Rudovick , Mariki Boniface , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Malamsha Niwael Mtui , Prinsen Gerard , Sharp Jo P , Thomas Kate M , Waldman Linda , Zadoks Ruth N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Food safety will likely be a major policy agenda item as populations and demand for meat grow and livestock intensification progresses in Tanzania and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Meeting this demand comes with considerable meat safety challenges, risks, and opportunities. This paper offers evidence-based reflections on the governance of the Tanzanian red meat value chain, articulating potential policy implications for red meat food safety in Tanzania and other LMICs.
Methods
This paper synthesizes existing knowledge and data about the food safety dimensions of the Tanzanian red meat value chain, analyzing it through a strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) framework. This knowledge and data includes: 1) a review of relevant Tanzanian policy and legislation up to 2020; and 2) published and unpublished multi-disciplinary field and laboratory work conducted under the Hazards Associated with Zoonotic enteric pathogens in Emerging Livestock meat pathways (HAZEL) project in Northern Tanzania.
Results
Strengths include some enabling policies, legislation, workforce, informal networks and infrastructure supporting meat safety. Weaknesses included confusion over mandates, limited resources and infrastructure for compliance/enforcement, lack of data on meat-borne disease, and limited attention to invisible pathogenic meat contamination. Opportunities include strong in-country training infrastructures and the significant economic potential of boosting meat production systems. Although increased revenue could support meat safety investments, this couples with risks of food safety infrastructure failing to keep up with growth (while envisioned increased centralised production may introduce new forms of meat safety risk), and potential inequalities in economic opportunities, gains and meat safety investments, especially for rural, small scale and/or female meat chain actors and their communities.
Conclusions
Agricultural intensification and centralized abattoirs may benefit meat safety and spur economic growth but may not alone generate value for Tanzania and has risks. Investments may overlook rural livestock systems and small-scale actors needing critical meat safety improvements. In addition to basic infrastructure investments, context-appropriate innovations encouraging local-level meat safety may provide cost-effective opportunities for Tanzania and other LMICs to strengthen food safety.
Development and Application of Wide-Genome SSR Molecular Markers of Tapes dorsatus
Authors: Han Chunli , yang Guohao , Yang Xiaomei , Huang Xiuyi , Huang Bilin , Zhang Huiling , Peng Huijing , Zhu Peng , Zou Jie , Yang Jialin , Wang Pengliang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The Tapes dorsatus, is a unique economic benthic animal in the Gulf of Tonkin. The development of microsatellite markers is of great significance for study the genetic improvement, variety identification, phylogenetic development, and conservation of resources the blunt conjugated clam.
Methods and results
Randomly select 100 pairs of primers for tasting, and 60 pairs of highly polymorphic primers for validation. The average number of alleles (Na) of the highly polymorphic primers was 10.40, the average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 6.16, the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.82, and the average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.80.
Conclusion
The 60 microsatellite markers developed in this study showing polymorphism, which can reveal the genetic diversity of the Tapes dorsatus. The research results are helpful for Tapes dorsatus genetic resource protection and genetic breeding research.
Mucus-penetrating and permeation enhancer albumin-based nanoparticles for oral delivery of macromolecules: application to bevacizumab
Authors: Pangua Cristina , Espuelas Socorro , Martinez-Oharriz Maria Cristina , Vizmanos Jose Luis , Irache Juan M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The oral administration of therapeutic proteins copes with important challenges (mainly degradation and poor absorption) that make their potential therapeutic application extremely difficult. The aim of this study was to design nanoparticles with mucus permeating and permeation enhancer properties as oral carriers for the oral absorption of an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab) as an example of therapeutic protein with high molecular weight and ionizable groups. For this purpose, bevacizumab was complexed with the permeation enhancers sodium deoxycholate (DS) or docusate (DOCU), and then, encapsulated in PEG-coated albumin nanoparticles (mucus-penetrating). Although both types of pegylated nanoparticles (B-DS-NP-P or B-DOCU-NP-P) displayed a similar ability to disrupt the intestinal epithelial barrier in C. elegans, nanoparticles with DS showed higher capability to diffuse in intestinal mucus, when analyzed by multiple particle tracking. In rats, the relative oral bioavailability of bevacizumab incorporated in PEG-coated nanoparticles as a complex with DS (B-DS-NP-P) was 3.7%, a 100-fold increase compared to free bevacizumab encapsulated in nanoparticles (B-NP-P, 0.003% bioavailability). This important effect of DS may be explained not only by its capability to transiently disrupt tight junctions but also to their ability to increase the fluidity of membranes and to inhibit cytosolic and brush border enzymes.
Does fear of humans predict anti-predator strategies in an ungulate hider species during fawning?
Authors: Faull Jane , Conteddu Kimberly , Griffin Laura L. , Amin Bawan , Smith Adam F. , Haigh Amy , Ciuti Simone 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Humans are a major evolutionary force on wildlife via artificial selection. While often explored through the lens of extractive interactions (e.g., hunting) able to favour certain behavioural traits over others, the implications of non-extractive ones, such as wildlife feeding, remain under-studied. Research has recently shown that people tend to feed (and sometimes favour) a limited subset of bolder individuals within natural populations, although its dynamics and consequences are not fully clear. Using fallow deer living in a peri-urban setting as a model population, we studied whether mother deer that display reduced fear of humans and consistently approach them for food adopt weaker anti-predator strategies by selecting for fawning bedsites that are less concealed and closer to human hotspots, allowing them to take advantage of additional artificial feeding opportunities in comparison to shier mothers in this population. Our dataset encompassed 171 fawns from 109 mothers across 4 years. Contrary to our expectations, we found that mothers that regularly accepted food from humans selected for more concealed bedsites farther away from them, giving their offspring better protection while also taking advantage of additional artificial food during lactating. Our results show marked behavioural adaptation by a subset of females, making this the first time that the link between tendency to approach humans and strategies to protect offspring is explored. Given previous findings that these begging females also deliver heavier fawns at birth, our research adds a piece to the complex puzzle describing human manipulation of behaviour in natural populations and its fitness consequences.
The impact of job satisfaction on teacher occupational burnout: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Jiang Yong , Yuan Qiankun , Huang Hongxin , Zhao Hongbo , Du Xiaojuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have found that job satisfaction can negatively predict occupational burnout. However, there is relatively little research on primary and secondary school teachers. Further exploration is needed on the mechanism by which job satisfaction affects occupational burnout. We constructed a moderated mediation model using a questionnaire to examine the mediating role of psychological capital between job satisfaction and occupational burnout and the moderating role of physical exercise in the above mediating pathway, with 496 primary and secondary school teachers in China as participants. The results showed that job satisfaction has a negative relationship with occupational burnout and a positive relationship with psychological capital. There is a negative relationship between psychological capital and occupational burnout. Further, psychological capital plays a partial mediating role between job satisfaction and job burnout, and physical exercise moderated this mediation path. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Association between PET-CT accumulation in the hypothalamic /pituitary regions and neuron-specific enolase /primary tumor in limited-stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Okada Yukinori , Zama Tatsuhiko , Itonaga Tomohiro , Mikami Ryuji , Okubo Mitsuru , Sugahara Shinji , Nakai Motoki , Abe Koichiro , Yoshimura Mana , Saito Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) accumulation at hypothalamic /pituitary regions, tumor, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in limited-stage small cell lung cancer.Methods:We analyzed patients who were diagnosed with limited-stage small cell lung cancer at Tokyo Medical University Hospital between July 1, 2019 and May 31, 2023 and who underwent chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy. Leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, total protein, albumin, NSE, and carcinoembryonic antigen were measured in blood samples taken before the start of treatment. In PET-CT, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), volume. total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the hypothalamic /pituitary regions, primary tumor, lymph node metastases were extracted. And total tumor volume (primary tumor and lymph node metastases), total TLG (primary tumor and lymph node metastases) were calculated.Results:A total of 19 patients were selected (mean age 70.1±8.8 years; 13 male and six female). The pathology of all cases was small cell lung cancer. Cases were classified into two groups according to the NSE standard value (16.3 ng/mL); six cases were below the standard value and 13 were above the standard value. The SUVmax in the hypothalamic/pituitary region was 2.95 in the NSE <16.3ng/mL group and 4.10 in the NSE >16.3ng/mL group, showing a statically significant difference (p=0.03).The total tumor volume was 17.8 ml in the NSE <16.3ng/mL group and 98.9 ml in the NSE >16.3ng/mL group, showing a statically significant difference (p<0.01).A correlation coefficient of r=0.458 and p=0.0486 was observed between SUVmax in the hypothalamus/pituitary and NSE. A correlation coefficient of r=0.647 and p<0.01 was observed between total tumor volume and NSE. A correlation coefficient of r=0.53 and p=0.01 was observed between hypothalamic/pituitary TLG and primary tumor TLG.Conclusions:There was correlation between hypothalamic/pituitary activity and tumor activity.
Stimuli responsive Magnetic-Silica-Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid hybrid nanoparticles for targeted cancer chemo-immunotherapy
Authors: Gupta Anuradha , Niveria Karishma , Chandpa Hitesh Harsukhbhai , Singh Mamta , Kumar Vikash , Panda Amulya K , Meena Jairam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Due to the emergence of drug resistance by tumor cells against chemotherapeutic agents by multiple mechanisms i.e. apoptosis suppression, alteration in drug metabolism and efflux mechanisms, epigenetic factors and DNA repair mechanism and T cells tolerance, there is necessity to develop combined therapeutic strategies employing chemotherapy and immunotherapies. To facilitate co-delivery of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agent to the target cancer cell, engineered nanoparticles are being developed. Herein, a pH-responsive polymer PLGA coated magnetic-silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4-SiO2-PLGA-PDA NPs) encapsulating paclitaxel (PTX) and siRNA against Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) are developed. The dual PTX+ PD-L1 siRNA NPs were synthesized in four steps, displayed characteristic peaks of iron oxide, silica, PLGA and PDA in infra-red spectroscopy and observed as ⁓230 nm spherical particles. These particles also demonstrated pH sensitive sustained drug release upto 10 days. In vitro 4T1 cell studies showed efficient cellular uptake, PD-L1 gene downregulation and apoptosis. Further, in vivo efficacy studies carried out in tumor bearing mice model demonstrated significantly reduction of the tumour growth following treatment with dual PTX+ PD-L1 siRNA NPs as compared to monotherapy with PTX NPs. The high therapeutic efficacy observed with dual PTX+PD-L1 siRNA NPs was mainly due to cytotoxic effect of PTX combined with targeted silencing of gene of interest; PD-L1 and increased sensitivity of cancer cells towards PTX killing. Thereby, dual PTX+PD-L1 siRNA NPs may have a promising anticancer treatment potential against breast cancer, however the beneficial effects of PTX+PD-L1 siRNA may be corroborated in lung, and colorectal cancer models as well as in clinical trials.
Long-range Ordered Graphitic Structure in Silk Fibers Delaminated using Dopamine and Thermal Treatment for Super-Flexible Electronic Textiles
Authors: Jang Hyun-Seok , Kim Shinik , Park Ikpyeong , Jung Won Taek , Seo Jong Hyeok , Kwon Ji-Hwan , Hong Won G. , Mrówczyński Radosław , Lee Heewoo , Choi Soo Bong , Kim Jeongwoo , Kim Yeonho , Kim Byung Hoon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Exfoliation has been used to obtain 2D materials with attractive properties, like graphene. The layered structure of silk and its structural transition to a pseudo-graphitic structure by heat treatment has attracted scientific interest because of its potential applications. Here we report that intercalating the silk layers with polydopamine (PDA) followed by thermal treatment delaminates the silk fibers. Cylindrical silk fibers with a diameter of 10 μm changed to graphitic ribbon-like structures with widths of approximately 65 nm. This structural transition was systematically investigated using thermally treated PDA-embedded silks at temperatures from 800 to 1450 °C. The graphitic structures start to be observed at 1000 °C, a much lower heat treatment temperature than previous studies using pure silk. Long-range ordered graphitic structures with a lattice distance of 3.4 Å formed most clearly at 1300 °C. ab-initio molecular dynamics calculations confirmed the microscopic origin of the experimental results. This method allows the fabrication of super-flexible, comparable to pure silk, and high-electrically conductive (277.3 S·cm-1) e-textiles. These thermally treated PDA-embedded silks were also functionalized with Fe2O3 and Bi2Te3 powders using the attachment ability of PDA. This work provides evidence that PDA plays a role in delaminating silk fibers and opens the potential for various applications.
Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Case-Based Surveillance System – DireDawa City Administration, Ethiopia, July/2021-June/2022
Authors: Hagose Fitsum , Hailu Eyob , Abagero Abdulnasir , Kifle Awgichew , Abera Getnet 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Ethiopia started Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Case-Based Surveillance (CBS) system along with the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) in June 2019. For the period January-June 2022, only five out of 14 CBS implementing health facilities in DireDawa reported 35 newly diagnosed HIV patients through the REDCap Database compared to 314 in the District Health Information System (DHIS-2). This study aimed to describe the case-based surveillance system attributes, usefulness, reasons for under-reporting and provide recommendations.
Methods
We followed a descriptive cross-sectional study design. We customized the data collection tools from the Centers for Disease Control guidelines (CDC) for evaluating public health surveillance systems. Questionnaires were administered to 36 healthcare workers involved in HIV testing services. Completed HIV CBS case reporting forms were assessed for completeness. Statistics like frequencies and proportions are used to describe the findings between August - October 2022.
Results
lack of reporting guidelines through the REDCap was 22(61%). limited coordination between technical staff and health facilities 19 (53%). limited competency in the REDCap 23(64%). Timeliness, completeness, and validity were 89%, 87%, and 99% in the REDCap respectively. There was a lack of standard operating procedures during system interruptions. Overall representativeness was 368(49%) of 757. Acceptability was 100% due to reduced paperwork and the ability to generate simple reports. The information generated was used to identify new infection hotspots in 31(86%).
Conclusions
The HIV cases-based surveillance system was timely and acceptable. Representativeness was poor due to limited competency in the REDCap. We recommended health workers need further training.
Studying the evolution of Xinjiang local pear populations using SNP markers
Authors: Bi Qingrui , Cui Dongsheng , Fan Guoquan , Zhang Shikui , Wang Shaopeng , Wang Yatong , Niu Yingying 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background To elucidate the genetic basis of local pear varieties in Xinjiang, China, this study was conducted to scan the whole genome of 28 local pear varieties in Xinjiang using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular marker technology and analyze their genetic diversity and population structure. Result The pure SNP polymorphic loci obtained through screening were 2,045,692, which basically covered the pear genome. The genetic similarity coefficients between the varieties ranged from 0.3086 to 0.9977; when K = 4, the 28 varieties were divided into four groups, and there was general gene exchange between the populations. The cluster analysis results showed that the 28 varieties were classified into 4 taxa. The PCA results also divided the test material into 4 groups, which deviated from the evolutionary tree. The largest number of populations was found in pears between 2 and 10 million years ago, during which the reproductive development of pears developed rapidly. Conclusions The study showed that SNPs obtained polymorphism information among different pear varieties at the genome-wide level, which can be used for genetic diversity analysis between varieties and provide a reference for future molecular enhancement of pear breeding and systematic conservation of plant genetic resources.
The development of thermal error compensation on CNC machine tools by combining ridge parameter selection and backward elimination procedure
Authors: Chen Chien-Chang , Dai Hongjie , Lee Chunghong , Hsieh Tunghsien , Hung Weicheng , Jywe Wenyuh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The total processing error of CNC machine tools essentially comprises geometric errors and thermal errors. Therefore, reducing the influence of thermal errors is necessary. In this study, 13 temperature sensors were utilized to measure temperature variations of heat sources on a machine. These sensors work in conjunction with a non-contact optical measurement system to measure the positioning offset error of a rotating shaft. In this study, a ridge parameter selection method was devised and integrated into a backward elimination procedure to achieve ridge regression thermal error compensation modeling. The study considered three methods for selecting temperature variable combinations. The first method requires the use of all sensors, the second method selects the combination with the minimum mean-square error, and the third method considers the effect of diminishing returns. The ridge regression method, which considers the diminishing returns effect, is known as the “R–DR model”. The R-DR model is applied to the CNC machine used in this study to reduce the maximum peak-to-peak error on the Y-axis from 54.41 µm to 13.94 µm using only 3 temperature sensors, and on the Z-axis from 73.59 µm to 10.12 µm using 4 temperature sensors. Therefore, the R–DR model has two advantages: high precision (post-compensation peak-to-peak thermal error of less than 14 µm) and fewer temperature sensors, thereby allowing the thermal error compensation modeling method to demonstrate high engineering applicability and accuracy.
Comparison of the TEMPO Binocular Perimeter and Humphrey Field Analyzer
Authors: Nishida Takashi , WEINREB robert , Arias Juan , Vasile Cristiana , Moghimi Sasan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study compared between TEMPO, a new binocular perimeter, with the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA). Patients were tested with both TEMPO 24 − 2 AIZE-Rapid and HFA 24 − 2 SITA-Fast in a randomized sequence on the same day. Using a mixed-effects model, visual field (VF) parameters and reliability indices were compared. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was measured using Cirrus OCT, and coefficient of determinations for visual field and OCT parameters were calculated and compared using Akaike information criteria. 740 eyes (including 68 healthy, 262 glaucoma suspects, and 410 glaucoma) of 370 participants were evaluated. No significant differences were seen in mean deviation and visual field index between the two perimeters (P > 0.05). A stronger association between VF mean deviation and circumpapillary RNFL was found for TEMPO (adjusted R2 = 0.28; AIC = 5210.9) compared to HFA (adjusted R2 = 0.26; AIC = 5232.0). TEMPO had better reliability indices (fixation loss, false positive, and false negative) compared to HFA (all P < 0.05). Measurement time was faster for TEMPO compared to HFA (261sec vs. 429sec, P < 0.001). Further investigations are needed to assess the long-term monitoring potential of this binocular VF test.