bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statin Treatment on Cardiovascular Risk After Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Yoo Joonsang , Jeon Jimin , Shin Joo Youn , Baik Minyoul , Kim Jinkwon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is a major cause of acute visual loss and patients with RAO have an increased risk for subsequent cardiovascular events. However, there is little evidence of whether the use of statins is associated with the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with RAO. We investigated whether statin treatment in patients with RAO is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events.

Methods
This study was a historical cohort study with nested case–control analysis. Using the nationwide health insurance claims database in Korea, we retrospectively established a cohort of newly diagnosed RAO patients without prior cardiovascular events between January 2008 and March 2020. We defined the case group as those who had cardiovascular events (stroke or myocardial infarction) and the control group as RAO patients without primary outcome matched by sex, age, comorbidities, and duration of follow-up (1:2 incidence density sampling). Conditional logistic regression was performed.

Results
Among 13,843 patients newly diagnosed with RAO, 1030 patients had cardiovascular events (mean follow-up period of 6.4 ± 3.7 years). A total of 957 cases were matched to 1914 controls. Throughout the study period, the proportion of patients taking statin was less than half. Statin treatment after RAO was associated with a low risk of cardiovascular events (adjusted OR, 0.637; 95% CI 0.520–0.780; P < 0.001). A longer duration of statin exposure was associated with a lower cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions
In patients with newly diagnosed RAO, treatment with statins, particularly long-term use, was associated with a low risk of future cardiovascular events.
On Beamforming of DAS Ambient Noise Recorded in an Urban Environment and Rayleigh‐To‐Love Wave Ratio Estimation
Authors: Zhao Yumin , Li Yunyue E. , Li Bei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAmbient noise sources in urban environments are generally not perfectly uniformly distributed or travel exactly along the axial direction of the receiver array. The horizontally deployed distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber‐optic cable is able to record both Rayleigh and Love waves. Therefore, resolving the source propagation direction and the content of Rayleigh and Love waves from the DAS ambient noise data is essential to resolve a reliable near‐surface shear‐wave velocity model. However, a standard geophone‐based beamforming procedure may not apply to DAS ambient noise data due to the complex measurements of DAS. To address this issue, we investigate the validity of beamforming results by analyzing the simulated seismic ambient noise recorded by a DAS array close to an L‐shape under different source conditions. Synthetic examples demonstrate the importance of correcting amplitude imbalances and polarity reversals in the DAS ambient noise data to ensure a reliable beamforming analysis. In addition, we estimate the Rayleigh‐to‐Love wave (R/L) ratio from the DAS ambient noise data with the resolved source direction, the known array geometry, and the measured amplitude information. Finally, we apply the method to two 2 min DAS ambient noise data recorded by the Stanford DAS Array‐1. The results suggest that the analyzed data were mainly generated from the local traffic and dominated by Love waves.
Suture Reactivation, Slip Partitioning, and a Protracted Strike‐Slip Rate Gradient in the Denali Fault System, Southern Alaska, USA
Authors: Waldien T. S. , Roeske S. M. , Chatterjee R. , O’Sullivan P. B. , Stockli D. F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractActive strike‐slip fault systems commonly display along‐strike Quaternary slip rate gradients associated with fault bends and splay faults, which generate surface uplift by dip‐slip faulting or distributed “off fault” deformation. By analogy, the documentation of long‐term (107 yr) slip gradients on some continental strike‐slip fault systems implies long‐term coevolution of strike‐slip and dip‐slip fault systems. Here we leverage the observed ≥33 Myr right‐lateral slip gradient on the Denali fault, Alaska, USA to investigate the role of splay thrust systems in accommodating the slip gradient. We focus on the Broxson Gulch thrust system, which splays southwestward from the Denali fault in the eastern Alaska Range. Apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He and fission‐track cooling ages from metasedimentary and metaplutonic rocks intersected by the thrust system record an along‐strike decrease in cooling ages commensurate with an increase in late Oligocene‐Neogene bedrock exhumation and shortening with proximity to the Denali fault. The dominant structure in the Broxson Gulch thrust system is the Valdez Creek fault, which is an upper crustal reactivation of the Valdez Creek shear zone–the main Late Cretaceous suture between western North America and outboard accreted arc terranes. After reactivation of the Valdez Creek shear zone at ca. 30 Ma, the thrust system grew by south‐vergent imbrication of the upper crust along thrust and reverse faults until at least 6 Ma. Incorporating results from the Broxson Gulch thrust system into the regional structural evolution of the Denali fault system reveals significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in shortening adjacent to the Denali fault. Moreover, nearly all of the late Oligocene‐Neogene shortening south of the Denali fault was focused along reactivated terrane boundaries inherited from Mesozoic assembly of the North American Cordillera, and the spatial distribution of the inherited structures appears to control slip partitioning behavior of the Denali fault system across time scales ranging from 101 (historic seismicity) to 107 yr. The slip partitioning behavior of the Denali fault system highlights the mechanical importance of inherited structures leading to protracted shortening on splay thrust systems, which siphon slip from the master strike‐slip fault. We contend that the weakness of nearby reactivated terrane boundaries should be considered among other mechanisms commonly evoked to explain the partitioning behavior of continental strike‐slip fault systems (e.g., stress field rotation, obliquity angle, and strength of master strike‐slip fault).
More Snow Accelerates Legacy Carbon Emissions From Arctic Permafrost
Authors: Pedron S. A. , Jespersen R. G. , Xu X. , Khazindar Y. , Welker J. M. , Czimczik C. I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSnow is critically important to the energy budget, biogeochemistry, ecology, and people of the Arctic. While climate change continues to shorten the duration of the snow cover period, snow mass (the depth of the snow pack) has been increasing in many parts of the Arctic. Previous work has shown that deeper snow can rapidly thaw permafrost and expose the large amounts of ancient (legacy) organic matter contained within it to microbial decomposition. This process releases carbonaceous greenhouse gases but also nutrients, which promote plant growth and carbon sequestration. The net effect of increased snow depth on greenhouse gas emissions from Arctic ecosystems remains uncertain. Here we show that 25 years of snow addition turned tussock tundra, one of the most spatially extensive Arctic ecosystems, into a year‐round source of ancient carbon dioxide. More snow quadrupled the amount of organic matter available to microbial decomposition, much of it previously preserved in permafrost, due to deeper seasonal thaw, soil compaction and subsidence as well as the proliferation of deciduous shrubs that lead to 10% greater carbon uptake during the growing season. However, more snow also sustained warmer soil temperatures, causing greater carbon loss during winter (+200% from October to May) and year‐round. We find that increasing snow mass will accelerate the ongoing transformation of Arctic ecosystems and cause earlier‐than‐expected losses of climate‐warming legacy carbon from permafrost.
Estimating Reservoir Sedimentation Rates and Storage Capacity Losses Using High‐Resolution Sentinel‐2 Satellite and Water Level Data
Authors: Yao Fangfang , Minear J. Toby , Rajagopalan Balaji , Wang Chao , Yang Kehan , Livneh Ben 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn nearly all reservoirs, storage capacity is steadily lost due to trapping and accumulation of sediment. Despite critical importance to freshwater supplies, reservoir sedimentation rates are poorly understood due to sparse bathymetry survey data and challenges in modeling sedimentation sequestration. Here, we proposed a novel approach to estimate reservoir sedimentation rates and storage capacity losses using high‐resolution Sentinel‐2 satellites and daily in situ water levels. Validated on eight reservoirs across the central and western United States, the estimated reservoir bathymetry and sedimentation rates have a mean error of 4.08% and 0.05% yr−1, respectively. Estimated storage capacity losses to sediment vary among reservoirs, which overall agrees with the pattern from survey data. We also demonstrated the potential applications of the proposed approach to ungauged reservoirs by combining Sentinel‐2 with sub‐monthly water levels from recent satellite altimeters.
Limited Shallow Slip for the 2020 Simeonof Earthquake, Alaska, Constrained by GNSS‐Acoustic
Authors: DeSanto John B. , Webb Spahr C. , Nooner Scott L. , Schmidt David A. , Crowell Brendan W. , Brooks Benjamin A. , Ericksen Todd L. , Chadwell C. David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe 22 July 2020 Mw7.8 Simeonof earthquake was a deep megathrust event that ruptured along the Shumagin segment of the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone. This earthquake occurred ∼250 km from a seafloor geodetic GNSS‐Acoustic site IVB1, where we observed a velocity of 3.78 ± 1.15 cm/yr with the down‐going slab prior to the earthquake followed by 0.6 ± 0.7 eastward and −15.5 ± 0.8 cm northward coseismic offset. We computed a slip model of the coseismic rupture using the static offset at IVB1 alongside regional continuous GNSS and strong motion stations. The small static horizontal offset at the site precludes significantly shallower rupture than previously inferred from terrestrial observations, confirming that the Simeonof earthquake was a deep megathrust earthquake. The observed site velocity implies partial locking prior to the earthquake, implying significant shallow strain accumulation such that the small coseismic offset is unlikely to have relieved all of the accumulated strain since the last coseismic rupture.
Whistler‐Mode Waves in Magnetic Ducts
Authors: Streltsov Anatoly V. , Nejad Salman A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObservations from the NASA Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) satellites show packages of extremely low frequency (ELF) whistler‐mode waves localized inside the small‐scale irregularities of the magnetic field. These irregularities are formed by the narrow field‐aligned channels where the magnitude of the background magnetic field inside the channel is greater or less than outside. By analogy with the classical density ducts, we introduce the high‐B duct, where the magnitude of the field inside the channel is greater than the outside, and the low‐B duct, where the magnitude of the field inside the channel is less than the outside. We investigate the guiding of the ELF whistler‐mode waves by high‐B and low‐B ducts. We derive the analytical criteria for the wave ducting by these ducts and confirm them with two‐dimension, time‐dependent simulations of the electron‐MHD model. Also, we model ELF whistler‐mode waves observed inside the high‐B and low‐B ducts by MMS satellites.
Impact of Hypocenter Location on Rupture Extent and Ground Motion: A Case Study of Southern Cascadia
Authors: Chan Yuk Po Bowie , Yao Suli , Yang Hongfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Cascadia subduction zone has well‐documented geological records of megathrust earthquakes with the latest ∼Mw 9 rupture occurring in CE 1700. The paleoseismic observations suggest that southern Cascadia is mature for future earthquakes since the last event. Consequently, it is crucial to investigate the potential rupture scenarios. Although existing interseismic locking models share similar moment deficits, whether future earthquakes would be margin‐wide or segmented, as suggested by paleoseismic records, remains unknown. Accordingly, we aim to investigate: (a) possible rupture segmentation patterns, (b) whether south Cascadia can host margin‐wide ruptures, and (c) whether the existing locking models suggest similar future rupture scenarios. Assuming constant effective normal stress, we estimate the stress distribution constrained by the locking models (i.e., Gamma model from Schmalzle et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GC005172), the preferred model from S. Li et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB015620), and the best‐fit model from Lindsey et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00736-x)) from static calculation and discover they lead to different stress distributions, indicating distinct seismic potentials. Our dynamic rupture scenarios show that the south can generate both segmented ruptures (>Mw 7.3–8.4) and margin‐wide ruptures (>Mw 8.6) depending on the hypocenter location. The along‐strike rupture length appears to coincide with rupture lengths hypothesized from paleoseismology, and the Schmalzle model produces reasonable coastal subsidence amplitudes from the CE 1700 event. Therefore, we propose that three high‐slip trench‐breaching patches are sufficient for reproducing historical subsidence records. Our results can be further applied in seismic and tsunami hazard assessment, and serve as a comparison for non‐trench‐breaching scenarios.
Evaluating and Improving TROPICS Millimeter‐Wave Sounder's Precipitation Estimate Over Ocean
Authors: You Yalei , Huffman George , Kidd Chris , Braun Scott , Blackwell William , Yang John Xun , Da Cheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper examines precipitation retrievals from Kidd et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14132992) by applying the Precipitation Retrieval and Profiling Scheme to data observed by the NASA Time‐Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats (TROPICS) Millimeter‐wave Sounder (TMS) onboard the TROPICS Pathfinder satellite, a precursor to the TROPICS mission. We first compare the TMS precipitation retrieval performance over ocean with those from seven current operational passive microwave radiometers, including four conical scanning sensors [Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounders (SSMISs) onboard F16/F17/F18 satellites, and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2)] and three cross track scanning sensors [Microwave Humidity Sounders onboard NOAA19 and MetOpB satellites, and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder onboard the National Polar‐orbiting Partnership satellite], using precipitation estimates from Global Precipitation Measurement Mission Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference. We show that TMS performs similarly to the current operational cross track scanning sensors, while worse than conical scanning sensors largely due to the lack of low frequency channels (e.g., 19 GHz). Second, we create an adjusted TMS precipitation retrievals by combining the original TMS precipitation and the precipitation propagated from AMSR2 and SSMISs to the time/location of the TMS overpass, using our previously developed microwave‐to‐microwave propagation technique. Results show that the adjusted TMS precipitation performs better than the original TMS estimates. For example, the correlation of the original TMS and GMI estimates is 0.35 but increases to 0.49 when the adjusted TMS result is compared to GMI. The propagation technique lays the foundation to improve TMS precipitation when incorporating them into level‐3 merged products.
Combined Impacts of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on Summer Precipitation in Eastern China During the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age
Authors: Ge Yucen , Miao Jiapeng , Lang Xianmei , Si Dong , Jiang Dabang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe investigate the joint effects of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on eastern China summer precipitation (ECSP) during two typical periods in the last millennium [i.e., the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA)] using simulations from five selected climate models. The multimodel mean indicates that the ECSP anomalies under the four combined AMO and PDO phases differ between the MCA and the LIA. During the MCA, the meridional wave train induced by the PDO‐related convective heating over the northwestern Pacific is dominant and the zonal wave train related to the AMO is secondary. Independent of the AMO phase, deficient precipitation appears over South China in both PDO+ phases and vice versa. Meanwhile, most areas north of the Yangtze River valley feature positive anomalies in the PDO+/AMO+ phase but deficits in the PDO+/AMO− phase. In comparison, the Huanghe‐Huaihe River valley and southern Northeast China receive excessive and deficient precipitation in the PDO−/AMO+ and PDO−/AMO− phases, respectively. During the LIA, the zonal wave train induced by the AMO locates more southeastward than that during the MCA and has an overwhelming impact on the ECSP. Specifically, regardless of the PDO phase, excessive ECSP exists over Northeast China and South China in both AMO+ phases and vice versa. Moreover, precipitation between the two regions is excessive when the PDO is in phase with the AMO but deficient when they are out of phase.
Peculiar Wave Structure of the Mesospheric Sporadic Sodium Layer Observed by Lidars in Hefei (31.8°N, 117.3°E) and Wuhan (30.5°N, 114°E), Central China
Authors: Shi Mengxi , Qiu Shican , Soon Willie , Velasco Herrera Victor Manuel , Xue Xianghui , Li Tao , Dou Xiankang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLidar observations are an effective tracker for identifying atmospheric wave signals. In this research, observations through three lidars are utilized to study the wave structures. A broadband sodium fluorescence lidar and a narrowband Temperature/Wind (T/W) lidar located at Hefei (31.8°N, 117.3°E), while the third lidar system, a broadband lidar system, is located in Wuhan (30.5°N, 114.4°E), about 310 km from Hefei. The three lidars can observe sodium density, temperature and wind profiles simultaneously. Joint sodium density measurements by the fourth lidar beams from Wuhan and Hefei yield a peculiar NaS with distinguished C‐structure and a large horizontal scale of wave structure over more than 310 km, on 21 December 2014. The NaS event occurring at 14:20 to 17:50 UT corresponds well to the region where the Richardson Number (Ri) is larger than 10, which in turn indicates that the NaS was formed in an extremely stable atmosphere. Results from the Lomb‐Scargle periodogram analysis suggest that the occurrence and evolution of this NaS event may have been caused by a gravity wave with a period of about 1.25 hr, and its end is closely related to the gravity wave fragmentation caused by convective instability.
Glucocorticoid receptor-induced non-muscle caldesmon regulates metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Virtanen Verneri , Paunu Kreetta , Kukkula Antti , Niva Saana , Junila Ylva , Toriseva Mervi , Jokilehto Terhi , Mäkelä Sari , Huhtaniemi Riikka , Poutanen Matti , Paatero Ilkka , Sundvall Maria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLethal prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by the presence of metastases and development of resistance to therapies. Metastases form in a multi-step process enabled by dynamic cytoskeleton remodeling. An actin cytoskeleton regulating gene, CALD1, encodes a protein caldesmon (CaD). Its isoform, low-molecular-weight CaD (l-CaD), operates in non-muscle cells, supporting the function of filaments involved in force production and mechanosensing. Several factors, including glucocorticoid receptor (GR), have been identified as regulators of l-CaD in different cell types, but the regulation of l-CaD in PCa has not been defined. PCa develops resistance in response to therapeutic inhibition of androgen signaling by multiple strategies. Known strategies include androgen receptor (AR) alterations, modified steroid synthesis, and bypassing AR signaling, for example, by GR upregulation. Here, we report that in vitro downregulation of l-CaD promotes epithelial phenotype and reduces spheroid growth in 3D, which is reflected in vivo in reduced formation of metastases in zebrafish PCa xenografts. In accordance, CALD1 mRNA expression correlates with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcripts in PCa patients. We also show that CALD1 is highly co-expressed with GR in multiple PCa data sets, and GR activation upregulates l-CaD in vitro. Moreover, GR upregulation associates with increased l-CaD expression after the development of resistance to antiandrogen therapy in PCa xenograft mouse models. In summary, GR-regulated l-CaD plays a role in forming PCa metastases, being clinically relevant when antiandrogen resistance is attained by the means of bypassing AR signaling by GR upregulation.
SLC26A3/NHERF2-IκB/NFκB/p65 feedback loop suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Lin Chunlin , Lin Penghang , Lin Huayan , Yao Hengxin , Liu Songyi , He Ruofan , Chen Hui , Teng Zuhong , Hoffman Robert M. , Ye Jianxin , Zhu Guangwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a formidable disease due to the intricate mechanisms that drive its proliferation and metastasis. Despite significant progress in cancer research, the integration of these mechanisms that influence cancer cell behavior remains elusive. Therefore, it is imperative to comprehensively elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving CRC proliferation and metastasis. In this study, we reported a novel role of SLC26A3 in suppressing CRC progression. We found that SLC26A3 expression was downregulated in CRC, which was proportionally correlated with survival. Our in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that up-regulation of SLC26A3 inhibited CRC proliferation and metastasis, while down-regulation of SLC26A3 promoted CRC progression by modulating the expression level of IκB. Furthermore, we identified NHERF2 as a novel interacting protein of SLC26A3 responsible for stabilizing the IκB protein and removing ubiquitination modification. Mechanistically, SLC26A3 augmented the interaction between NHERF2 and IκB, subsequently reducing its degradation. This process inhibited the dissociation of p65 from the IκB/p65/p50 complex and reduced the translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Moreover, our investigation revealed that NF-κB/p65 directly bound to the promoter of SLC26A3, leading to a decline in its mRNA expression. Thus, SLC26A3 impeded the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65, enhancing the transcription of SLC26A3 and establishing a positive regulatory feedback loop in CRC cells. Collectively, these results suggest that a SLC26A3/NHERF2-IκB/NF-κB/p65 signaling loop suppresses proliferation and metastasis in CRC cells. These findings propose a novel SLC26A3-driven signaling loop that regulates proliferation and metastasis in CRC, providing promising therapeutic interventions and prognostic targets for the management of CRC.