bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity limits for strain detection of hypothetical remote fluid-induced earthquakes (Mw ≥ 4): a case study in Taiwan
Authors: Canitano Alexandre 
Published: June 2023

Capturing and quantifying the timing of remotely triggered earthquakes and understanding the physical processes responsible for this delay represent major challenges in earthquake forecasting. In this study, we propose a physical framework for the integration of borehole strainmeter observations for the investigation of remote triggering of moderate to large earthquakes (Mw ≥ 4) in Taiwan. Based on the time-delay computation between regional events and global earthquakes, we establish a selection of earthquakes showing fault zone properties (hydraulic diffusivity and nucleation length) that may be compatible with a magnitude-dependent fluid-induced nucleation process. Using theoretical fault zones parameters, we calculate the evolution of fluid pressure transiting along the nucleation region under the assumption of a one-dimensional, homogeneous poroelastic medium. Pore pressure levels reached before earthquake rupture are ranging from about 0.02 kPa to 3 kPa in the case of teleseismic wave-induced elastic pressure ranging from 0.15 kPa to 27.3 kPa. To compute the time-dependent evolution of deformation generated by a remote diffusing pressure front, we model the nucleation region using the analogue volcano source represented by a horizontal circular crack, and calculate synthetic dilatation at the strainmeter location from displacements using a finite-difference approach. In general, predictions are about two to four orders of magnitude smaller than observations (∼ 10–5 to 10–3 nϵ). Therefore, this suggests that detection of pore pressure-related deformation would have required change of volume in the nucleation region that is at least one order of magnitude larger than for the hypothetical cases considered here. The study represents the first attempt to analyze strain time-series for detecting pre-earthquake strain anomalies related to fluid-induced earthquakes and illustrates the challenge for detecting and characterizing intermediate-to far-field earthquake precursors caused by fluid flow in active regions.
Marrow adipose tissue is increased in overweight and obese women with PCOS independently of hyperandrogenism related obesity and metabolic disorders
Authors: Xu Li , Min Min , Li Xintong , Blake Glen M. , Zhao Kaiping , Ruan Xiangyan , Cheng Xiaoguang 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the increase in bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its relationship with hyperandrogenism, obesity, and metabolic disorders.MethodsThe study included 87 overweight or obese women with PCOS (mean age 29 ± 4 years), as well as 87 age-matched controls recruited from a separate population study. All PCOS patients were measured for anthropometric features, abdominal adipose tissue areas, BMAT, biochemistry, and sex hormones. BMAT was compared between the PCOS patients and controls. In PCOS patients, subgroup comparisons of BMAT and its associations with body adiposity indices, biochemistry, and sex hormones were analyzed. The odds ratios (ORs) of elevated BMAT (defined as BMAT ≥ 38%) were calculated.ResultsOn average BMAT was increased by 5.6% ( ± 11.3%) in PCOS patients compared to controls. BMAT were significantly higher in the upper tertiles of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). BMAT was not correlated with abdominal adiposity indices or biochemistry except for LDL-C (r = 0.253—0.263, p = 0.014—0.018). LDL-C was not significantly different between the normal and abnormal androgen PCOS subgroups (p = 0.10-0.887). LDL-C, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and total testosterone (TT) were risk factors for elevated BMAT, with ORs of 1.899 (p = 0.038-0.040), 1.369 (p = 0.030-0.042), and 1.002 (p = 0.040-0.044) for each unit increase, respectively.ConclusionBMAT was increased in overweight and obese PCOS patients, but the increase in BMAT was not associated with the hyperandrogenism related obesity or metabolic disorders.
Modeling the systemic trade risk of crude oil from a network perspective, combined with a sentiment proxy
Authors: Chang Hao , Luo Aiguo , Zheng Yilin , Chang Ridong , Liu Yifan 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Trade networks of crude oil are susceptible to cascade of initial shocks that increase systemic trade risks and threaten energy security. This study introduces a novel method of modelling systemic trade risk of crude oil which is combined with a sentiment proxy from a network perspective.Method: We construct sentiment instability to evaluate the uncertainty of crude oil trade in a country and use the PageRank algorithm to measure supplier diversity from a network perspective instead of direct trade partners.Result: At the global level, we show that the distribution of systemic oil trade risk has an obvious heterogeneity and a significant negative correlation between systemic trade risk of crude oil and trade volume volatility. At the regional level, we compare the systemic trade risk of crude oil between China and America and systemic trade risks show strongly significant correlations with the price volatility in both China and America. Furthermore, the structure of trade network can effectively reduce the systemic risk in America while it increases the systemic trade risk in China.Discussion: Our results can give a reason for an irrational practice of Chinese crude oil imports which are “buying when the price is rising and not buying when the price is declining”.
Drought did not change the linear relationship between chlorophyll fluorescence and terrestrial gross primary production under universal biomes
Authors: Jia Liping , He Yi , Liu Wanqing , Li Yanlin , Zhang Yaru 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionSatellite observations of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) are increasingly considered a “probe” for photosynthesis. In recent years the emergence of SIF has facilitated regional and global monitoring of vegetation photosynthesis. On the one hand, there is still controversy about the liner or non-linear SIF-GPP relationship and whether high-temperature events will change the linear relationship. On the other hand, it is unclear whether different vegetation types will affect the SIF-GPP. We used GOSIF and MOD17A2 GPP to study the different relationships under five vegetation types during the long-term climate change period and the extreme drought in 2009/2010 in southwest China.MethodsIn this study, curve fitting was used to explore the relationship of SIF and GPP under long time series and extreme drought period.ResultsWe found that during the long-term climate change period, there was a generally linear SIF-GPP relationship under five vegetation types. The correlation is almost universally maintained at the r2 = 0.92 level. During the drought, the extremely high temperature did not change the linear relationship. Besides the farmland ecosystem, the correlation remained at the r2 = 0.85.DiscussionOur study shows that the linear relationship of SIF-GPP is not influenced by drought on a large scale, and there is a general SIF-GPP relationship in different vegetation types. In the case of extreme drought, irrigation measures adopted by farmers in response to heat conditions may affect the SIF-GPP relationship of farmland.
Construction of a neural network diagnostic model for renal fibrosis and investigation of immune infiltration characteristics
Authors: Guo Yangyang , Cen Kenan , Hong Kai , Mai Yifeng , Jiang Minghui 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundRecently, the incidence rate of renal fibrosis has been increasing worldwide, greatly increasing the burden on society. However, the diagnostic and therapeutic tools available for the disease are insufficient, necessitating the screening of potential biomarkers to predict renal fibrosis.MethodsUsing the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we obtained two gene array datasets (GSE76882 and GSE22459) from patients with renal fibrosis and healthy individuals. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between renal fibrosis and normal tissues and analyzed possible diagnostic biomarkers using machine learning. The diagnostic effect of the candidate markers was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and verified their expression using Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to determine the proportions of 22 types of immune cells in patients with renal fibrosis, and the correlation between biomarker expression and the proportion of immune cells was studied. Finally, we developed an artificial neural network model of renal fibrosis.ResultsFour candidate genes namely DOCK2, SLC1A3, SOX9 and TARP were identified as biomarkers of renal fibrosis, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values higher than 0.75. Next, we verified the expression of these genes by RT-qPCR. Subsequently, we revealed the potential disorder of immune cells in the renal fibrosis group through CIBERSORT analysis and found that immune cells were highly correlated with the expression of candidate markers.ConclusionDOCK2, SLC1A3, SOX9, and TARP were identified as potential diagnostic genes for renal fibrosis, and the most relevant immune cells were identified. Our findings provide potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of renal fibrosis.
Outcomes after surgery in patients with and without recent influenza: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Lam Fai , Liao Chien-Chang , Chen Ta-Liang , Huang Yu-Min , Lee Yuarn-Jang , Chiou Hung-Yi 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe influence of recent influenza infection on perioperative outcomes is not completely understood.MethodUsing Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Data from 2008 to 2013, we conducted a surgical cohort study, which included 20,544 matched patients with a recent history of influenza and 10,272 matched patients without. The main outcomes were postoperative complications and mortality. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the complications and for mortality in patients with a history of influenza within 1–14 days or 15–30 days compared with non-influenza controls.ResultsCompared with patients who had no influenza, patients with influenza within preoperative days 1–7 had increased risks of postoperative pneumonia (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.81–2.73), septicemia (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.70–2.31), acute renal failure (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.47–3.00), and urinary tract infection (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.23–1.70). An increased risk of intensive care admission, prolonged length of stay, and higher medical expenditure was noted in patients with history of influenza within 1–14 days.ConclusionWe found that there was an association between influenza within 14 days preoperatively and the increased risk of postoperative complications, particularly with the occurrence of influenza within 7 days prior to surgery.
First human case report of Crohn's disease with coexistent acute appendicitis treated by endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy
Authors: Cui Guang-xing , Zulqarnain Muhammad , Lou Qi-feng , Shen Hong-zhang , Lyu Wen , Wang Xia , Huang Haitao , Mohamoud Abdi Hamse , Gu Lingfei , Fang Shijie , Liu Fangzhou , Ling Liqian , Huang Yu , Chu Linglin , Saeed Saboor 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe coexistence of Crohn's disease (CD) and acute appendicitis (AA) is rare. In this situation, therapeutic experience is lacking and the strategy is paradoxical and intractable. Appendectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of AA whereas a nonsurgical approach is recommended for CD.Case summaryA 17-year-old boy was hospitalized for right lower abdominal pain with fever of 3 days. He had the CD for 8 years. Two years ago, he underwent surgery for anal fistula with the complication of CD. His temperature was elevated at 38.3°C at admission. On physical examination, there was McBurney tenderness with mild rebound tenderness. Abdominal ultrasonography showed that the appendix was notably enlarged and dilated at 6.34 cm long and 2.76 cm wide. These findings were suggestive of uncomplicated AA in this patient with active CD. Endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) was performed. The patient had complete pain relief immediately after the procedure without tenderness in the right lower abdomen. During 18 mo follow-up, he had no more attacks in his right lower abdomen.ConclusionERAT was effective and safe in a CD patient with coexisting AA. Such cases can avoid surgery and its-related complications.
Protective effect of the novel calcineurin inhibitor voclosporin in experimental colitis
Authors: Lindemann Aylin , Roth Dominik , Koop Kristina , Neufert Clemens , Zundler Sebastian , Atreya Raja , Neurath Markus F. , Leppkes Moritz 
Published: June 2023

Background and aimsAcute severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis remains a medically challenging condition with frequent need of surgery. It can be treated with the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A with the need for therapeutic drug monitoring and significant toxicity. Recently, a novel calcineurin inhibitor, voclosporin, has been approved for the treatment of lupus nephritis with no need for therapeutic drug monitoring and an improved long-term safety profile. However, the therapeutic effect of voclosporin in acute severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis is still uncertain. We aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of voclosporin to ameliorate inflammation in an experimental model of colitis.MethodsWe used the dextran sodium sulfate-induced model of colitis in C57BL/6 J wildtype mice treated with either cyclosporine A, voclosporin or solvent control. We employed endoscopy, histochemistry, immunofluorescence, bead-based multiplex immunoassays and flow cytometry to study the therapeutic effect of calcineurin inhibitors in a preventive setting.ResultsAcute colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulfate characterized by weight loss, diarrhea, mucosal erosions and rectal bleeding. Both cyclosporine A and voclosporin strongly ameliorated the course of disease and reduced colitis severity in a similar manner.ConclusionVoclosporin was identified as biologically effective in a preclinical model of colitis and may be a potential therapeutic option in treating acute severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis.
Rapid on-site evaluation of touch imprints of medical thoracoscopy biopsy tissue for the management of pleural disease
Authors: Wang Hansheng , Liu Yan , Wang Jiankun , Ren Tao , Luo Guoshi , You Hui , Wang Xiao , Li Dan , Wang Lei , Wang Meifang 
Published: June 2023

Background and objectiveMedical thoracoscopy (MT) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of pleural diseases, and rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has long been used for transbronchial needle aspiration or fine-needle aspiration to evaluate the adequacy of biopsy materials for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. However, research on ROSE combined with MT for the management of pleural disease has been rarely reported. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ROSE for pleura biopsies and visual diagnosis by thoracoscopists for gross thoracoscopic appearance. The secondary objective was to assess the intermodality agreement between ROSE and the final histopathologic diagnosis.MethodsA total of 579 patients with exudative pleural effusion (EPE) who underwent MT combined with ROSE from February 2017 to December 2020 at Taihe Hospital were included in the study. Thoracoscopists' visual diagnosis of gross thoracoscopic appearance, ROSE results, histopathologic findings, and the final diagnosis was recorded.ResultsThoracoscopic pleural biopsies were performed in 565 patients (97.6%); 183 patients were confirmed to have malignant pleural effusion (MPE), and 382 patients were confirmed to have benign pleural effusion (BPE). The area under the curve of ROSE for the diagnosis of MPE was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94–0.98, p &lt; 0.001), with a sensitivity of 98.7%, a specificity of 97.2%, a diagnostic accuracy of 97.1%, a positive predictive value of 97.2%, and a negative predictive value of 97.2%. Diagnostic consistency between ROSE and histopathology was good (κ ± SE = 0.93 ± 0.02, p &lt; 0.001). The area under the curve of the thoracoscopists' visual diagnosis of gross thoracoscopic appearance was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75–0.83, p &lt; 0.01), with a sensitivity of 76.7%, a specificity of 80.9%, a positive predictive value of 62.4%, and a negative predictive value of 89.3%.ConclusionROSE of touch imprints of MT biopsy tissue during MT showed high accuracy for distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. In addition, ROSE was in good agreement with the histopathological diagnosis, which may help thoracoscopists perform pleurodesis (talc poudrage) directly during the procedure, especially in patients with malignant results.
Comparison of actual performance in humidification among different high-flow nasal cannula devices: a bench study
Authors: Ni Zhong , Zhou Yuyan , Tang Na , Yu He , Liang Zongan 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe physiological effects of HFNC devices are closely related to temperature and humidity. HFNC devices from different manufacturers may have varied performances. It is unclear whether there are differences in the humidification performance of different HFNC devices and the degree of differences.MethodsFour integrated HFNC devices (AIRVO 2, Fisher &amp; Paykel Healthcare, Auckland, New Zealand; TNI softFlow 50, TNI Medical AG, Würzburg, Germany; HUMID-BH, RESPIRACARE, Shenyang, China; OH-70C, Micomme, Hunan, China) and a ventilator with an HFNC module (bellavista 1000, Imtmedical, Buchs, Switzerland) were evaluated using their matching circuits. The dew point temperature was set at 31, 34, and 37°C (set-DP). In MR850, it was set to non-invasive mode (34°C/−3°C) and invasive mode (40°C/−3°C), respectively. At each level of set-DP, the flow was set from 20 L/min up to its maximum set limit at a gradient of 5 L/min or 10 L/min. After stabilization, the dew point temperature, temperature, relative humidity, and flow rate of the delivered gas from the cannulas were recorded.ResultsThere were significant differences in actual-DP among these devices at any set-DP (p &lt; 0.001). The actual-DP of OH-70C and TNI softFlow 50 was lower than set-DP, and the difference between the actual-DP and the set-DP of these two devices increased with the increase of set-DP. AIRVO 2, bellavista 1000 (MR850), and HUMID-BH can provide the nominal humidity at 37°C. The actual-DP increased with the increase of set-flow under each set-DP in AIRVO 2, TNI softFlow 50 and bellavista 1000 (MR850), but decreased when the set-flow was greater than 60 L/min. The actual-T of the delivered gas was higher than actual-DP in all devices and was higher than set-DP in AIRVO 2 and HUMID-BH.ConclusionSet-flow, set-DP, and types of devices will affect the actual temperature and humidity of the delivered gas. AIRVO 2, bellavista 1000 (MR850), and HUMID-BH can provide the nominal humidity at 37°C and may be more suitable for tracheotomy patients. The flow rate over 60 L/min should be set with caution.
Absolute quantification of viable Vibrio cholerae in seawater samples using multiplex droplet digital PCR combined with propidium monoazide
Authors: Yang Jinsong , Xu Haibin , Ke Zili , Kan Naipeng , Zheng Enhui , Qiu Yufeng , Huang Mengying 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionToxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 and O139 are the pathogens responsible for the global cholera epidemic. V. cholerae can settle in the water and spread via the fecal-oral route. Rapid and accurate monitoring of live V. cholerae in environmental water has become an important strategy to prevent and control cholera transmission. Conventional plate counting is widely used to detect viable bacteria but requires time and effort.MethodsThis study aims to develop a new assay that combines triplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) with propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment for quantitatively detecting live V. cholerae O1/O139 and cholera enterotoxin. Specific primers and probes were designed according to the conserved regions of gene rfb O1, rfb O139, and ctxA. The amplification procedures and PMA treatment conditions were optimized. The specificity, sensitivity, and ability of PMA-ddPCR to detect viable bacteria-derived DNA were evaluated in simulated seawater samples.Results and DiscussionThe results revealed that the optimal primer concentrations of rfb O1, rfb O139, and ctxA were 1 μM, while the concentrations of the three probes were 0.25, 0.25, and 0.4 μM, respectively. The best annealing temperature was 58°C to obtain the most accurate results. The optimal strategy for distinguishing dead and live bacteria from PMA treatment was incubation at the concentration of 20 μM for 15 min, followed by exposure to a 650-W halogen lamp for 20 min. In pure culture solutions, the limit of detection (LODs) of V. cholerae O1 and O139, and ctxA were 127.91, 120.23 CFU/mL, and 1.5 copies/reaction in PMA-triplex ddPCR, respectively, while the LODs of the three targets were 150.66, 147.57 CFU/mL, and 2 copies/reaction in seawater samples. The PMA-ddPCR sensitivity was about 10 times higher than that of PMA-qPCR. When detecting spiked seawater samples with live bacterial concentrations of 1.53 × 102 and 1.53 × 105 CFU/mL, the assay presented a higher sensitivity (100%, 16/16) than qPCR (50.00%, 8/16) and a perfect specificity (100%, 9/9). These results indicate that the developed PMA-triplex ddPCR is superior to the qPCR regarding sensitivity and specificity and can be used to rapidly detect viable toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 in suspicious seawater samples.
Higher intensity walking improves global cognition during inpatient rehabilitation: a secondary analysis of a randomized control trial
Authors: Peters Sue , Lohse Keith R. , Klassen Tara D. , Liu-Ambrose Teresa , Dukelow Sean P. , Bayley Mark T. , Hill Michael D. , Pooyania Sepideh , Yao Jennifer , Eng Janice J. 
Published: June 2023

Cognitive deficits are common poststroke. Cognitive rehabilitation is typically used to improve cognitive deficits. It is unknown whether higher doses of exercise to promote motor recovery influence cognitive outcomes. Our recent trial, Determining Optimal Post-Stroke Exercise (DOSE), shows more than double the steps and aerobic minutes can be achieved during inpatient rehabilitation versus usual care, and translates to improved long-term walking outcomes. Thus, the secondary analysis aim was to determine the effect of the DOSE protocol on cognitive outcomes over 1-year poststroke. The DOSE protocol progressively increased step number and aerobic minutes during inpatient stroke rehabilitation over 20 sessions. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Trail Making Test B were completed at baseline, post-intervention, and 6- and 12-months poststroke, administered using standardized guidelines. Using the DOSE data, we used mixed-effect spline regression to model participants’ trajectories of cognitive recovery, controlling for relevant covariates. Participants (Usual Care n = 25, DOSE n = 50) were 56.7(11.7) years old, and 27(10) days post stroke. For the MoCA, there were statistically significant Group × Trajectory(p = 0.019), and Group × ΔTrajectory (p = 0.018) interactions with a substantial clinically meaningful difference, from +5.44 points/month improvement of the DOSE group compared to +1.59 points/month improvement with Usual Care during the 4-week intervention. The DSST and Trails B improved over time but were not different between groups. Taking advantage of this early difference may lend support to continued efforts to increase intensity, during and after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, to improve cognition.Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01915368.