bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat and species map prediction for the generic MEA using an air node model derived from high level requirements
Authors: Matheis C , Norrefeldt V 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Current developments to implement the More Electric Aircraft (MEA) result in a fundamental change of the aircraft systems architecture. Components may be resized or new components may be introduced. This results in new challenges for the thermal management and safety assessment of systems and therefore parametric and fast simulations tools will become crucial to explore the entire design space. The effects of component heat dissipation on airflow in the aircraft fuselage can be qualified using a zonal simulation model. Zonal airflow models subdivide the indoor space into typically 102 zones exchanging air. This allows to predict the impact of systems locations, ventilation and cooling strategies on the thermal management and safety considerations in an early design stage. This paper presents the setup of such an aircraft zonal model based on high-level requirements for a MEA of regional airplane size. These requirements cover the number of passengers, the flight profile and system components to be integrated, like e.g. the battery. Additional requirements are derived from standards for example providing information on required airflow rates and temperatures in the cabin. These requirements are translated into a geometry, ventilation pattern and systems layout. The model application is demonstrated on the example of the safety consideration in case of a battery failure leading to exhaust of harmful gas. This is done by comparing the gas dispersion for two different battery positions in the aircraft.
Changes in electric resistance of cracked copper-coated, pitch-based carbon fibres for structural health monitoring in a glider wing
Authors: Steinbild P J , Wieja N , Condé-Wolter J , Winkler A , Ehrig T , Kostka P , Modler N 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Structural health monitoring based on detecting strain enables further exploitation of the lightweight potential of aircraft structures. Since carbon fibres (CF) can be easily integrated into aircraft structures made of fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP), their use in sensor applications has become subject of research. One of many novel approaches is the use of cracked CF for strain detection. During loading and unloading, the fibre cracks are opening and closing respectively, resulting in substantial changes in the electric resistance of the CF. The high dependence of the electric resistance on the mechanical strain enables spatially resolved strain sensing along the CF based on the electric time domain reflectometry (ETDR) principle. However, due to high inhomogeneity of the used pitch-based CF and the resulting electric properties, the ETDR-signal is degraded largely by impedance mismatch along the transmission line, which limits the measuring length of a spatially resolved sensor. In this contribution, a concept for a spatially resolved CF-based strain sensor is described, outlining the challenges that need to be addressed. One approach for the extension of the measuring length is lowering the base resistivity of the used CF, which is discussed in detail. In order to achieve a low base resistivity while maintaining the characteristic of opening and closing fibre cracks, copper-coated CF are investigated. The copper-coated pitch-based CF are integrated into test specimens consisting of a composite material and are subjected to tensile loading. Simultaneously to the deflection, the electrical resistance is measured. Consequently, the sensitivity to strain of the CF is determined and discussed.
Single-Pilot Incapacitation in commercial aviation - Evaluation of an Operational Concept
Authors: Vizioli Aurora De Bortoli , Bonelli Stefano , Mallozzi Gianmaria , Lieb Teemu Joonas , Martins Ana P. G. , Friedrich Max , Capasso Pasquale Junior , Senatore Costantino , Godano Francesco , Contissa Giuseppe , Sartor Galileo , dos Reis Ricardo J.N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To implement Single Pilot Operations (SPO) in commercial aviation, safety levels must be maintained compared to current operations. In this paper we present a concept of operations aiming at supporting flight and landing of a single-piloted aircraft in case the onboard single pilot becomes incapacitated. The concept relies on Ground Station positions being manned by ground station operators who monitor the aircraft, support the single pilot as needed, and take over control in case of incapacitation. The concept was evaluated through a number of evaluation activities, including two simulation campaigns. The results suggest that the concept could be a robust proposal to address single pilot incapacitation, and no major showstoppers have been identified from an operational, legal, and regulatory point of view. In this paper, the key technological, infrastructural, and procedural enablers that shall contribute to maintain SPO safety levels as in current dual-pilot operations are also discussed.
Design, manufacturing and flight-testing of a fixed-wing, small-scale UAV for the transportation of blood bags to remote locations
Authors: Karageorgiou A , Kantouris P , Metallidou N , Charizani A , Panagiotou P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The current work presents the design, manufacturing, and flight-testing of a fixed-wing, small-scale Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The research activities presented in this paper have all been conducted by the Aristotle Space & Aeronautics Team (ASAT), a Greek aerospace student team, for their participation in the international student competition Air Cargo Challenge 2022. Its mission is to carry bags of blood to a remote location. The design requirements refer to a short take-off distance of 60m of rough terrain, climb time of 60s and a cruise/loiter time of 120s. Size restrictions also apply, as the aircraft must fit inside a 1.5m x 1.5m x 0.5m volume, in its deployed form. A step-by-step presentation of the design procedure is conducted, emphasizing on the critical design decisions, such as the airfoil, cargo bay location and wing planform design. The corresponding trade studies are shown, along with the main advantages of the resulting configuration. The in-house manufacturing process is consequently described, focusing on the molds tooling, as well as on the carbon fiber and fiberglass manufacturing techniques. Finally, the results of the flight testing are shown, including the initial challenges that lead to the fine-tuning of the UAV. The test results are validated against the design data and the overall performance of the aerial vehicle is discussed.
Visual aid for unmanned aircraft navigation in unknown environments
Authors: Uzun S S , Soken H E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study presents a visual-aided inertial navigation technique that can be used for unmanned aircraft in unknown environments. An angular and linear velocity estimation algorithm, which is based on the solution of the Wahba’s problem, is developed using sequential images for visual odometry. It is possible that the visual sensors do not receive continuous measurements throughout the mission, for example, when a sufficient number of features cannot be detected by the camera. Considering that a closed loop Extended Kalman Filter algorithm is designed for integration of visual odometry measurements with the inertial measurements to have accurate pose estimation throughout the flight.
Enabling UAS BVLOS flights in CTR
Authors: Kleczatský A , Hulínská Š , Kraus J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the widespread use of drones for the transport of people and cargo in and between cities has become increasingly considered. From the point of view of airspace organization, world capitals with high potential for this operation mostly have one common parameter - airspaces defined as controlled zones are established above them, as an integral part of airspace around large international airports. Given the current state of knowledge and the global degree of implementation of unmanned traffic management, it is necessary to solve how to integrate the operation of drones alongside aircraft with crew on board, for which the current rules are defined. On the other hand, the rules for the joint operation of manned and unmanned aircraft, have not yet been sufficiently defined. The aim of this paper is to present the needs for individual solutions for this dedicated part of integration at the European Union member states level and to define the sub-areas that need to be defined and put into operation by regulators and interested institutions. This is achieved through analysis and a specific case study that identifies individual needs and helps to classify them. The combination of identified needs allow the creation of a flowchart showing the logical procedure for the gradual adaptation of Beyond Visual Line of Sight traffic in controlled zones.
Evaluation of Extended Projected Profiles impact on vertical trajectory prediction
Authors: Xia Chen , Gallego Christian Eduardo Verdonk , Valdés Rosa Arnaldo , Comendado Víctor Fernando Gómez 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The future Air Traffic Management System (ATM) is based on the concept of Trajectory Based Operations (TBO), in which all stakeholders have access to a consistent and synchronised view of flight trajectories. In the TBO framework, the trajectory prediction plays a key role. Inaccuracy of current trajectory predictors caused by the lack of a common understanding of stakeholders’ intents can be reduced by the sharing of information by airspace users. A step towards a shared information network is the Extended Projected Profile (EPP), downlinked from airborne to ground via automatic dependent surveillance contract (ADS-C). In summary, it contains the flight intent from the Flight Management System (FMS) and other information. This paper explores the EPP messages and the possible performance enhancement they introduce in the predictions of the top of descent (TOD) and the descent vertical profile. 1
Preliminary Validation Results of a Novel Concept of Operations for RPAS Integration in TMA and at Airports
Authors: Schwoch Gunnar , Duca Gabriella , Ferraiuolo Vera , Filippone Edoardo , Lanzi Paola , Petersen Co , Rocchio Riccardo , Sangermano Vittorio , Teutsch Jürgen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The paper describes the results of recent research activities carried out to investigate the safe integration of Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) into ATC controlled airspace with a focus on Terminal Manoeuvring Areas (TMAs) and airports. The research activities presented in this paper started with the definition of RPAS-specific use cases and the development of a preliminary novel Concept of Operations. This was followed by the definition and the execution of a simulation test plan for the validation of this new operational concept. The validation campaign has been carried out involving aerospace research centres in the Netherlands (Royal NLR), Germany (DLR), and Italy (CIRA), respectively. Different aspects of RPAS integration in the TMA were considered, such as latency of command & control (C2) link and voice communication link, Automatic Take-off and Landing (ATOL) operations, contingency procedures, and handover of control between two different remote pilot stations. The validation exercises were conducted using real-time human-in-the-loop simulation facilities to assess the human performance of both air traffic controllers and remote pilots. The results showed that the proposed novel concept of operations is suitable for the integration of RPAS at TMAs and airports, with 80% of the objectives fully and 20% partially achieved, and acceptable to excellent results regarding acceptance/situational awareness (8.2/9.0 out of 10 points; higher is better) and workload (2.6 out of 10 points; lower is better).
Sesar PJ13 Erica “Enable RPAS Insertion in Controlled Airspace”- Validation experiment for the long-term integration of RPAS in an Italian TMA air traffic scenario
Authors: Manzo Alessandro , Riccardi Giovanni , D’Angelo Giuseppe , Pompei Gino , Taurino Damiano , Ghita Alexandra , Ciniglio Umberto , Cusimano Salvatore 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), are increasingly becoming a part of our day-to-day lives. The vast range of possible uses is creating a new industry with a large economic potential. The technological developments are being developed at a much faster pace than that for manned aviation. From an operational perspective, the challenge lies in integrating the worlds of manned and unmanned aircraft in a safe and efficient way allowing both types of aircraft to use the same airspace. This paper is aimed at describing the results of a validation exercise executed in the frame of the SESAR Programme, with the objective to validate the operational and technical means for the integration of certified RPAS in an Italian Terminal Manouvering Area (TMA).
Learning for Air Traffic Management: guidelines for future AI systems
Authors: Cocchioni M. , Bonelli S. , Westin C. , Borst C. , Bang M. , Hilburn B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The SESAR-funded Modern ATM via Human / Automation Learning Optimisation (MAHALO) project recently completed two years of technical work exploring the human performance impacts of AI and Machine Learning (ML), as applied to enroute ATC conflict detection and resolution (CD&R). It first developed a hybrid ML CD&R capability, along with a realtime simulation platform and experimental User Interface. After a series of development trials, the project culminated in a pair of field studies (i.e., human-in-the-loop trials) across two EU countries, with a total of 35 operational air traffic controllers. In each of these two field studies, controller behaviour was first captured in a pre-test phase, and used to train the ML system. Subsequent main experiment trials then experimentally manipulated within controllers both Conformance (as either a personalised-, group average-, or optimized model) and Transparency (as ether a baseline vector depiction, an enhanced graphical diagram, or a diagram-plus-text presentation). The proposed paper presents guidelines on the design and implementation of ML systems in Air Traffic Control, derived from the results and lesson learned from the Simulations, as well as the qualitative feedback received from the controllers themselves.
Machine Learning Supporting Enhanced Optimized Spacing Delivery between Consecutive Departing Aircraft
Authors: De Petris L , De Visscher I , Stempfel G , Jacques A , Saidi M , Chalon Morgan C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Optimised Spacing Delivery (further referred to as OSD) tool has the objective of calculating the necessary time spacing between two consecutive departing aircraft in order to fulfil all required spacing and separation constraints. OSD, developed in SESAR 2020 Wave 1 [1] is based on analytical models [2] to predict aircraft trajectory and speed profiles. The use of this tool by Air Traffic Controller supports the safe, consistent and efficient delivery of the required separation or spacing between consecutive departure pairs by providing the time required between departure aircraft pairs via an automated count-down timer to the tower runway controller. In order to improve OSD, this paper introduces the enhanced Optimised Spacing Delivery (further referred to as eOSD) tool which builds on the OSD tool using Machine Learning techniques to make more accurate predictions of aircraft behaviour (e.g. trajectory/climb profile, speed profile) and wind on the initial departure path, so further optimising spacing delivery between consecutive departures. Zurich airport data were used to develop and asses the performance of the eOSD tool compared to the OSD tool.
Effects of Sweep on the Flutter of Wraparound Fins
Authors: Demir E , Şahin H L , Doğan V Z , Yaman Y 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the field of missile and rocket design, efficiency is a crucial aspect considering factors such as weight, storage, stealth, and cost. Wraparound fins (WAFs) have been used for many years to control the trajectory of missiles and rockets because of their compactness and effectiveness. However, WAFs are structurally more flexible than other types of fins, which may negatively impact their dynamic behavior and aeroelastic response. This can cause catastrophic instabilities, such as flutter. To mitigate these challenges, it is essential to consider both aerodynamic and structural models of WAFs during the design process. In this study, the flutter velocity and frequency of WAFs were investigated in relation to different structural design configurations and sweep angles, in order to understand and improve the aeroelastic performance of swept WAFs.
An active filtering strategy of LCL filter for inverter power supply of electromagnetic pump
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , Liu Shichao , Yang Shuaifei , Wang Changhuan , Li Yang , Wu Chunyu , Liu Yang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The inverter power supply for an electromagnetic pump is a motor controller based on a three-phase inverter. This inverter needs to be followed by an LCL filter as a filter for connecting the electromagnetic pump. But the LCL filter has a large resonance spike at the resonance point. This can cause relatively large interference to the control system and also increase the harmonics of the inverter power supply output current. Therefore, it is necessary to suppress the resonant spikes of the LCL filter. In this paper, an active filtering strategy based on a trap is proposed by comparing the existing passive filtering strategies. The trap can be used to generate an anti-resonant peak at the resonance point of the LCL, which is used to cancel the resonant spike of the LCL filter. This method ensures the resonant peak suppression effect without affecting the filtering effect of the LCL filter.
A method of aeronautical electrical interface circuit design and simulation analysis based on Saber
Authors: Wang Kunyu , Wu Jianwen , Chen Ruang , Zhao Wei , Liu Liang , Wang Peng , Zhou Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the idea of model-based system engineering is adopted. For the aircraft’s electrical interface circuit, Saber software is used to carry out “device-circuit” modeling and simulation, and the corresponding hardware circuits are verified and compared. Simulation and hardware verification results show that the modeling method designed in this paper can better integrate the rapidity of modeling and the accuracy of the simulation. In order to deal with the “neck jam” problem, domestic components are widely used today. This study provides a solution for optimizing process design and improving the degree of digitalization and provides model support for Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in China’s aviation field.
Collaborative optimal scheduling of integrated energy system considering carbon trading
Authors: Du Chong , Qin Bin , Zhang Simin , Li Cao , Guo Chuangxin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to further realize the zero carbon transition of the energy system, this paper proposes a robust optimal scheduling model for transmission and distribution collaboration considering carbon trading. In this model, the multi energy equipment in the integrated energy system is modeled for transmission and distribution coordination. The long-distance power transmission network is an electricity gas coupling network, and the energy hub is the park distribution network. The nonconvex dynamic power flow network is relaxed by using the method of second-order cone programming, and the ADMM method is used to ensure that the optimal energy coordination is obtained between regions under the limited information exchange, so as to ensure user privacy. The validity of the scheduling model is proved by the case study.
Hardware Circuit Design of Intelligent Induction Control Classified Garbage Can
Authors: Tang Lili , Sheng Ge 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This design is based on the STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer and the integration of various multi-function modules to complete the overall system control. It is composed of the core modules of humidity detection, relay drive, metal detection, intelligent alarm, MQ-2 smoke sensor, infrared sensing, ultrasonic detection, etc. We collect specific information through ultrasonic testing, and LCD1602 displays the current status; an infrared sensor and a smoke sensor are used for relevant monitoring; a humidity sensor and metal sensor automatically remind us to classify and put garbage; a relay analog control trash can automatically open and close. The system has the characteristics of ideal performance, low cost, convenient design, simple structure, and intelligence. It has found a feasible solution for the current environmental pollution problem to do garbage classification and treatment. It can play an important role in smart homes, smart campuses, intelligent transportation, telemedicine, and other fields, and will have a broader market prospect and application fields.
Distributed coordinated control of hybrid energy storage in offshore oil field microgrid in short time scale
Authors: Tong Li 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The offshore oilfield microgrid can effectively integrate distributed power and hybrid energy storage, and its coordinated control can effectively ensure the safe and stable operation of the microgrid. In order to ensure the effect of coordinated control and improve the efficiency of coordinated control, a distributed coordinated control method for hybrid energy storage of offshore oil field microgrids in a short time scale is proposed. By setting two objective functions, namely, short time scale and optimal allocation of hybrid energy storage power of offshore oilfield microgrid, configuration capacity, and operation power constraints, a two-stage distributed coordinated control model for hybrid energy storage of offshore oilfield microgrid is constructed. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid energy storage distributed coordination control method for offshore oilfield microgrids has a good effect and high efficiency, and can effectively ensure the stable operation of offshore oilfield microgrids. The experimental results show that the proposed distributed coordinated control method for hybrid energy storage of offshore oilfield microgrids has a good effect and high efficiency. When the number of iterations reaches 100, the coordinated control time of this method can reach a lower time. It effectively ensures the stable operation of the offshore oil field microgrid.
Numerical Analysis of the Deposition Characteristics in the Initial Deposition Stage in RSC
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yue Kai , Zhang Xin Ru , Zhang Xin Xin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The coal gasification syngas cooler is important for recovering the sensible heat generated during coal gasification. The ash layer formed on the heat transfer surface can seriously decrease the heat exchange efficiency. Establishing the initial layer is a prerequisite for massive ash deposition and will accelerate the accumulation of the ash and slag particles. In this study, numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the behavior of ash particles in large-scale industrial equipment. The deposition characteristics during the initial fouling and slagging stage in RSC are explored. The results show that in this stage, ash or slag particles mainly stick on the side wall, and only small particles deposit on the upper cone. The surface energy is the dominant factor influencing the composition of the initial layer. The adhesion ratio of FeS2 and ZnS particles is over ten times higher than that of SiO2 particles. With the decrease of the inlet flow rate and the increase of the inlet swirl velocity, the location corresponding to the maximum deposition proportion moves upward, and the local maximum deposition proportion increases.