Abstract LB016: Immunotherapeutic potential of ST316, a peptide antagonist of β-catenin
Authors: Scuoppo Claudio , Ghamsari Lila , Gallagher Erin , Leong Siok , Koester Mark , Ramirez Rick , Gonzales Jerel , Merutka Gene , Kappel Barry , Vainstein-Haras Abi , Rotolo Jim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The transcription factor β-catenin is a key player in many cellular processes, including stem cell renewal, cellular homeostasis and inflammation. Deregulation of β-catenin occurs frequently in several cancer types by mutation or overexpression of the β-catenin gene or mutation of negative regulators such as Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC). ST316 is a novel peptide antagonist that specifically interferes with the association of β-catenin with its co-activator BCL9, disrupting β-catenin nuclear localization and attenuating target gene expression. In an orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model, ST316 demonstrates potent anti-tumor activity, resulting in 84% tumor growth inhibition (TGI) (p&lt;0.001 vs. vehicle control). In addition to its cell-autonomous mechanisms, deregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling can promote tumorigenesis by impacting the tumor microenvironment. Reprogramming of immunosuppressive M2-like Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) toward an immune-promoting program (M1-like) is an attractive cancer immunotherapeutic strategy. Here we explored ST316 potential for macrophage repolarization toward the M1-like phenotype, activation of cytotoxic T-cells in macrophage/T-cell co-culture assays and cooperation of ST316 with anti-PD-1 to enhance anti-tumor activity in vivo. Initial studies demonstrate that human macrophages derived from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (hPBMCs) and subsequently committed to the M2-like identity are reprogrammed toward an M1-like phenotype upon ST316 exposure. ST316 treatment dose-dependently suppressed expression of the M2 marker CD163 by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR, resulting in 100-fold increase in the M1/M2 ratio without substantial impact on cell viability. Importantly, T-cell viability and activation markers associated with M1-state (CD80, CD86) were not affected by ST316 at the concentrations used in these studies. Further, in co-cultures of M2 macrophage with T cells, ST316 exposure resulted in a three-fold increase in T-cell activation compared to control M2/T cell co-cultures, as measured by intracellular IFN-γ staining. Finally, in an orthotopic TNBC model in vivo, subtherapeutic ST316 enhanced the anti-tumor activity of anti-PD-1 [85% TGI with combination, compared to 51% TGI with anti-PD1 alone (p&lt;0.01) and -9% TGI with subtherapeutic ST316 alone (p&lt;0.001)]. Anti-tumor activity was accompanied by an increase the M1/M2 ratio. Overall, these results support the immuno-therapeutic potential of ST316 and extend the application range of ST316 to include Wnt-driven cancers with poor clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapeutic agents.
Citation Format: Claudio Scuoppo, Lila Ghamsari, Erin Gallagher, Siok Leong, Mark Koester, Rick Ramirez, Jerel Gonzales, Gene Merutka, Barry Kappel, Abi Vainstein-Haras, Jim Rotolo. Immunotherapeutic potential of ST316, a peptide antagonist of β-catenin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB016.