bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective comparison of three methods for detecting peri‐operative neurocognitive disorders in older adults undergoing cardiac and non‐cardiac surgery
Authors: van Zuylen M. L. , Kampman J. M. , Turgman O. , Gribnau A. , ten Hoope W. , Preckel B. , Willems H. C. , Geurtsen G. J. , Hermanides J. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryPostoperative neurocognitive disorders occur frequently in older adult patients. Neuropsychological assessment is the gold standard for diagnosis, but the resources required for routine use are significant. Instead, it is common for simplified and unvalidated tests to be used for trials and in clinical practice. We undertook a single‐centre prospective observational study in elective surgical patients aged ≥ 65 years recruited between September 2019 and January 2021. Patients underwent neuropsychological assessment, the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status and Montreal Cognitive Assessment before surgery. Tests were repeated at approximately four to eight postoperative weeks. We included 105 patients and 28 (27%) were lost to follow‐up. Pre‐operative Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status and cognitive domain scores were very weakly to moderately correlated (r = 0.09–0.41). Pre‐operative Montreal Cognitive Assessment and cognitive domain scores were very weakly to weakly correlated (r = 0.17–0.37) Postoperative Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status and cognitive domain scores were very weakly to weakly correlated (r = 0.09–0.36). Postoperative Montreal Cognitive Assessment score and cognitive domain scores were very weakly to weakly correlated (r = 0.07–0.36). Overall, there was limited agreement between tests. We conclude that the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status and Montreal Cognitive Assessment should not be used in isolation to diagnose postoperative neurocognitive disorders. There seems to be little to no pre‐operative, postoperative or pre‐ to postoperative correlation between these tests and the neuropsychological assessment in older adults without pre‐operative cognitive impairment.
Islands, the Anthropocene, and Decolonisation
Authors: Stratford Elaine , Farbotko Carol , Watson Phillipa , Kitara Taukiei , Berthelsen Juno , Hnaraki Maria Chnaraki aka Maria , Ginoza Ayano , Cozier Christopher , Hardenberg Julie Edel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Anthropocene is deployed as incontrovertible fact, yet its foundations merit strong critique to challenge how particular voices and locations are absented, silenced, or enrolled in the fallacies that attend this epochal framework. Other placed, grounded, and scale‐sensitive explanations exist for present and future state scenarios, including on islands—often the focus of apocalyptic thinking. Dealing with historical and contemporary struggles to decolonise is more powerful than engaging with a reified framework that is part of ongoing colonial‐imperial excesses, uneven development, and racial capitalism. This work considers how four of us, as instigating authors, worked with five others, as collaborating authors, to understand academic works, activism, and artistic expressions of island life and concerns. Our aim was to learn about how and why their efforts to prioritise decolonisation is at the heart of what is needed to shore up island peoples’ futures.
High mobility group box 1, ATP, lipid mediators, and tissue factor are elevated in COVID‐19 patients: HMGB1 as a biomarker of worst prognosis
Authors: Vicentino Amanda Roberta Revoredo , Fraga‐Junior Vanderlei da Silva , Palazzo Matheus , Tasmo Natalia Recardo Amorim , Rodrigues Danielle A. S. , Barroso Shana Priscila Coutinho , Ferreira Sâmila Natiane , Neves‐Borges Anna Cristina , Allonso Diego , Fantappié Marcelo Rosado , Scharfstein Julio , Oliveira Ana Carolina , Vianna‐Jorge Rosane , Vale André Macedo , Coutinho‐Silva Robson , Savio Luiz Eduardo Baggio , Canetti Claudio , Benjamim Claudia Farias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, has spread worldwide since it was first identified in November 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, progress in pathogenesis linked severity of this systemic disease to the hyperactivation of network of cytokine‐driven pro‐inflammatory cascades. Here, we aimed to identify molecular biomarkers of disease severity by measuring the serum levels of inflammatory mediators in a Brazilian cohort of patients with COVID‐19 and healthy controls (HCs). Critically ill patients in the intensive care unit were defined as such by dependence on oxygen supplementation (93% intubated and 7% face mask), and computed tomography profiles showing ground‐glass opacity pneumonia associated to and high levels of D‐dimer. Our panel of mediators included HMGB1, ATP, tissue factor, PGE2, LTB4, and cys‐LTs. Follow‐up studies showed increased serum levels of every inflammatory mediator in patients with COVID‐19 as compared to HCs. Originally acting as a transcription factor, HMGB1 acquires pro‐inflammatory functions following secretion by activated leukocytes or necrotic tissues. Serum levels of HMGB1 were positively correlated with cys‐LTs, D‐dimer, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Notably, the levels of the classical alarmin HMGB1 were higher in deceased patients, allowing their discrimination from patients that had been discharged at the early pulmonary and hyperinflammatory phase of COVID‐19. In particular, we verified that HMGB1 levels above 125.4 ng/ml is the cutoff that distinguishes patients that are at higher risk of death. In conclusion, we propose the use of serum levels of HMGB1 as a biomarker of severe prognosis of COVID‐19.
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in memory processing
Authors: Pastor Verónica , Medina Jorge H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInformation storage in the brain involves different memory types and stages that are processed by several brain regions. Cholinergic pathways through acetylcholine receptors actively participate on memory modulation, and their disfunction is associated with cognitive decline in several neurological disorders. During the last decade, the role of α7 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in different memory stages has been studied. However, the information about their role in memory processing is still scarce. In this review, we attempt to identify brain areas where α7 nicotinic receptors have an essential role in different memory types and stages. In addition, we discuss recent work implicating—or not—α7 nicotinic receptors as promising pharmacological targets for memory impairment associated with neurological disorders.
Eptinezumab for adolescents with chronic refractory headache: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Zorrilla Natalia , Gelfand Amy A. , Irwin Samantha L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of eptinezumab for the treatment of chronic refractory headache in adolescents.BackgroundChronic refractory headache can lead to school absences and impaired quality of life in adolescents, and currently there are no pharmacologic treatments with level A evidence for headache prevention for this population. While observational data suggest that monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene–related peptide or its receptor may be helpful for adolescents who have refractory primary headache disorders, evidence is lacking for the use of eptinezumab.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective chart review. Demographic and headache phenotypic data were collected. Outcome measures included headache intensity and frequency pre‐ and post‐infusion(s), and improvement in function or in associated symptoms. Adverse events were also collected.ResultsNine patients with chronic migraine and two with new daily persistent headache received a first dose of 100 mg of eptinezumab. All of them had daily headache and nine had continuous headache at baseline. After the first infusion of 100 mg, two patients were no longer having daily headache, one patient stopped having continuous headache, and four patients noted headache intensity reduction. Additionally, one patient described a reduction in nausea and vomiting, and another patient noted improvement in function. Six patients received a second eptinezumab infusion of 100 mg, three had a third one, and one patient had four infusions of 100 mg. After the second infusion, one patient noted reduction in headache frequency, one experienced lower headache intensity, and two described pain “improving.” With the third and fourth infusions, patients continued to report improvement in headache intensity. Subsequent infusions of 300 mg resulted in further reductions in headache frequency and intensity for some patients. Eptinezumab was overall well tolerated.ConclusionWhile this was a small sample, findings suggest that eptinezumab may be a safe and effective treatment for chronic, refractory headache in adolescents.
Memojis Pain Scale: A novel pain assessment tool
Authors: Saikiran Kanamarlapudi Venkata , Elicherla Sainath Reddy , Mounika Somisetty Venkata Mahalakshmi , Hemanth Kumar Raichurkar , kolavali Purna Sai Prasad , Nuvvula Sivakumar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDental pain exerts a considerable impact on the psychosocial well‐being of children; reliable management of pain depends on the ability to assess pain intensity.AimTo validate and compare a new memojis pain assessment scale with the Faces Pain Scale—Revised (FPS‐R) and Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS) in assessing dental pain experienced by children.DesignTwo hundred and fifty healthy children aged 5–9 years without any past dental experience and requiring local anaesthesia (LA) administration were recruited. Three different scales [FPS‐R, WBFPS and Memojis Pain Scale (MPS)] were applied to assess the children's pain during LA administration. The preferences of each child based on the ease of understanding the faces were recorded.ResultsPearson correlation test was performed to determine the correlation between MPS with WBFPS and MPS with FPS‐R. A strong correlation was seen when comparing MPS with WBFPS (r = .966; p < .001) and MPS with FPS‐R (r = .969; p < .001), and 81.6% of the children preferred MPS.ConclusionThe Memojis Pain Scale was an effective pain assessment tool. It can be employed as an alternative scale for pain assessment in children.
Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor: Conductor of the wound healing orchestra?
Authors: Ead J. Karim , Armstrong David G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGranulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is a glycoprotein and is derived from both hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic sources which exert immunomodulatory properties. Various theories have been proposed to explain why some wounds become chronic and non‐healing. Generalized suppression of inflammation locally or systemically may impede the body's physiological healing response by crippling the activity of reparative cells within the wound ecosystem. Thus, highlighting the importance of promoting host‐directed therapeutics with immunomodulatory properties. The temporal and spatial expression of GM‐CSF and GM‐CSF receptors in the integumentary system suggests that epithelial‐derived GM‐CSF functions in an autocrine/paracrine manner. This may positively affect wound healing physiology via local inflammatory regulation promoting macrophage survival. Although diabetes negatively affects multiple aspects of wound healing GM‐CSF activation is particularly impacted. Compared to acute/healthy wounds diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) only partially activate GM‐CSF activity. There is a deleterious chain of events associated with this unfortunate sequala. DFUs also have a high proportion of monocytes and an absence of activated macrophages which results in an impaired inflammatory response. This may potentially serve as a vital point for GM‐CSF to act as a companion diagnostic/theragnostic modality to help modulate the inflammatory response in wound healing. Correcting macrophage immune dysfunction with exogenous GM‐CSF may help restore the immune balance in the wound ecosystem and jumpstart the wound healing cascade. Thus, the recognized beneficial role of GM‐CSF in immune regulation across many studies provides a rationale for the initiation of the ongoing randomized controlled trials using GM‐CSF.
Cascading effects of soil organic and inorganic fertilizers on tri‐trophic interactions: Plant–aphid–parasitoid wasp as a study system
Authors: Gorji Zahra , Mehrparvar Mohsen , Mansouri Seyed Mozaffar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying tri‐trophic interactions between insect herbivores, their host plants and natural enemies is an important aim in ecology. In the present study, the effect of urea fertilizer and vermicompost on a tri‐trophic level cascade, comprising safflower, Carthamus tinctorius, safflower aphid, Uroleucon carthami and its primary parasitoid wasp, Praon yomenae, was investigated. Vermicompost increased the number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, the total number of aphids and reduced the number of winged aphids and aphid load (Aphid load = number of aphids / plant fresh weight). Only two variables, plant phenol content and relative water content, were not significantly affected by vermicompost. Urea fertilizer had no impact on all variables except a significant effect on plant height. In another experiment, the effect of urea fertilizer and vermicompost on the wasp parasitoid was studied. The number of parasitoid mummies, mummification time, developmental time, the number of emerged adults, sex ratio, percentage of parasitism and hind tibia length was measured. Vermicompost had no significant effect on any of the measured parameters, but urea fertilizer increased the hind tibia length of the parasitoid. Vermicompost increased plant growth parameters and had an indirect and inhibiting effect on the safflower aphid itself. There was evidence of a bottom‐up cascade to the third trophic level by adding fertilizers in this system: Urea fertilizer enhanced plant height but seemingly had no impact on the attacking herbivore. It is interesting that the effect of urea can be transferred to the third trophic level, that is parasitoid. This suggests that vermicompost could be used simultaneously with urea fertilizer, because urea fertilizer had a positive impact on the parasitoid and vermicompost had a positive impact on plant growth as well as the ability to reduce aphid load.
The promise of portable remote auditory stimulation tools to enhance slow‐wave sleep and prevent cognitive decline
Authors: Zeller Céline J. , Züst Marc A. , Wunderlin Marina , Nissen Christoph , Klöppel Stefan 
Published: January 2023

SummaryDementia is the seventh leading cause of mortality, and a major source of disability and dependency in older individuals globally. Cognitive decline (and, to a lesser extent, normal ageing) are associated with sleep fragmentation and loss of slow‐wave sleep. Evidence suggests a bidirectional causal link between these losses. Phase‐locked auditory stimulation has emerged as a promising non‐invasive tool to enhance slow‐wave sleep, potentially ameliorating cognitive decline. In laboratory settings, auditory stimulation is usually supervised by trained experts. Different algorithms (simple amplitude thresholds, topographic correlation, sine‐wave fitting, phase‐locked loop, and phase vocoder) are used to precisely target auditory stimulation to a desired phase of the slow wave. While all algorithms work well in younger adults, the altered sleep physiology of older adults and particularly those with neurodegenerative disorders requires a tailored approach that can adapt to older adults’ fragmented sleep and reduced amplitudes of slow waves. Moreover, older adults might require a continuous intervention that is not feasible in laboratory settings. Recently, several auditory stimulation‐capable portable devices (‘Dreem®’, ‘SmartSleep®’ and ‘SleepLoop®’) have been developed. We discuss these three devices regarding their potential as tools for science, and as clinical remote‐intervention tools to combat cognitive decline. Currently, SleepLoop® shows the most promise for scientific research in older adults due to high transparency and customizability but is not commercially available. Studies evaluating down‐stream effects on cognitive abilities, especially in patient populations, are required before a portable auditory stimulation device can be recommended as a clinical preventative remote‐intervention tool.
Anxiety is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction: Results from the CAMADA study
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Weixian , Guo Lijun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveCoronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an important component of ischemic heart disease. Here, we assessed the associations between anxiety/depression and CMD using coronary microvascular function indicators.MethodsThe study included 81 patients (26 males and 55 females) with nonobstructive coronary artery disease. The symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured with Self‐rating Anxiety Scale and Self‐rating Depression Scale. Coronary microvascular function was assessed using coronary flow reserve (CFR) measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography.ResultsThe anxiety group had significantly lower CFR than that in the no‐anxiety group (2.97 ± 0.63 vs. 3.40 ± 0.61, p = .029). In bivariate correlation analysis, anxiety was negatively associated with CFR (r = −.333, p = .002). In the multiple linear regression model, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, and family history of premature coronary heart disease, anxiety was negatively associated with CFR (β = −.314, p = .008). When both anxiety and depression were included in the multiple linear regression model, anxiety was also negatively associated with CFR (β = −.345, p = .012).ConclusionAnxiety patients had lower CFR, anxiety was independently associated with CFR. Psychological disorders may play an important role in coronary microvascular dysfunction.
Phenotype‐specific signatures of systems‐level gut microbiome associated with childhood airway allergies
Authors: Chiu Chih‐Yung , Chang Ko‐Chun , Chang Lun‐Ching , Wang Chia‐Jung , Chung Wen‐Hung , Hsieh Wen‐Ping , Su Shih‐Chi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPerturbation of gut symbiosis has been linked to childhood allergic diseases. However, the underlying host–microbe interaction connected with specific phenotypes is poorly understood.MethodsTo address this, integrative analyses of stool metagenomic and metabolomic profiles associated with IgE reactions in 56 children with mite‐sensitized airway allergies (25 with rhinitis and 31 with asthma) and 28 nonallergic healthy controls were conducted.ResultsWe noted a decrease in the number and abundance of gut microbiome‐encoded carbohydrate‐active enzyme (CAZyme) genes, accompanied with a reduction in species richness, in the asthmatic gut microflora but not in that from allergic rhinitis. Such loss of CAZymes was consistent with the observation that a CAZyme‐linked decrease in fecal butyrate was found in asthmatics and negatively correlated with mite‐specific IgE responses. Different from the CAZymes, we demonstrated an increase in α diversity at the virulome levels in asthmatic gut microbiota and identified phenotype‐specific variations of gut virulome. Moreover, use of fecal metagenomic and metabolomic signatures resulted in distinct effects on differentiating rhinitis and asthma from nonallergic healthy controls.ConclusionOverall, our integrative analyses reveal several signatures of systems‐level gut microbiome in robust associations with fecal metabolites and disease phenotypes, which may be of etiological and diagnostic implications in childhood airway allergies.
Timely adjuvant chemotherapy improves outcome in dogs with non‐metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma undergoing splenectomy
Authors: Faroni Eugenio , Sabattini Silvia , Guerra Dina , Iannuzzi Chiara , Chalfon Carmit , Agnoli Chiara , Stefanello Damiano , Polton Gerry , Ramos Sofia , Aralla Marina , Ciaccini Raffaele , Foglia Armando , Okonji Samuel , Marconato Laura 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTimely delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to be advantageous in many human cancers and canine osteosarcoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve outcome for canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate whether timely adjuvant chemotherapy administration resulted in better outcome in dogs with non‐metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma undergoing splenectomy. Medical records were searched for dogs with non‐metastatic, splenic hemangiosarcoma that received splenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. The number of days from surgery to the first chemotherapy dose (StoC) was evaluated to identify the cut‐off value associated with the best survival advantage. StoC and other possible prognostic factors were tested for influence on time to metastasis (TTM) and overall survival (OS). Seventy dogs were included. Median StoC was 20 days (range: 4–70). The time interval associated with the greatest survival benefit was 21 days. Median TTM and OS of dogs with StoC ≤ 21 days were significantly longer than those with StoC >21 days (TTM: 163 vs. 118 days, p = .001; OS: 238 vs. 146 days, p < .001). On multivariable analysis, StoC >21 days was the only variable significantly associated with increased risk of tumour progression (HR 2.1, p = .010) and death (HR 2.3; p = .008). Starting adjuvant chemotherapy within 21 days of surgery may be associated with a survival benefit in dogs with non‐metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma, possibly due to the early targeting of newly recruited metastatic cells after surgery.
A Comparison of Industrial-Scale Radiometer Heat Flux Measurements Between Pulverized-Coal and Coal/Biomass Co-Firing Combustion
Authors: Draper Teri S. , Gunnarsson Adrian , Fry Andrew , Andersson Klas , Ring Terry , Eddings Eric 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This work evaluates and compares radiative heat transfer measurements conducted at the 471−MWE Hunter Power Plant Unit 3 utility boiler in Utah, United States, during standard operation with coal and also co-firing with biomass. The coal used was a Utah-sourced bituminous coal, which was mixed with torrefied wood (15% by weight) for the co-firing test. Radiation from the flame was measured using radiometers of three different designs. Data were gathered at three elevations along the boiler wall. Overall, the measured heat fluxes and corresponding temporal variations decreased with increasing boiler elevation. While the variation in the replicates of the heat flux data is notable, a statistical analysis indicates that the heat flux profile at the elevations investigated is not significantly affected by the change in fuel.