bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sintering behavior of 8YSZ‐Ni cermet: Comparison between conventional, FST/SPS, and flash sintering
Authors: Mundra Raghav , Mishra Tarini Prasad , Bram Martin , Guillon Olivier , Yadav Devinder 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCermets are ceramic metal composites. The metallic phase in the cermet typically undergoes oxidation during sintering in air. Electric field‐assisted sintering processes such as field‐assisted sintering technology/spark plasma sintering (FAST/SPS) and flash involves very high heating rates, short processing time and low processing temperature. The main aim of this work was to see if field‐assisted sintering techniques can prevent the oxidation of the metallic phase in the cermet. Sintering behavior of 8YSZ‐5 wt.% Ni cermet was studied by three different techniques namely; conventional sintering, FAST/SPS and flash sintering. Phases and microstructure were analyzed through X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Temperature and time required for sintering the samples via FAST/SPS and flash sintering was significantly lower than that during conventional sintering. In addition, we found limited grain growth during FAST/SPS and flash sintering. During conventional sintering in reducing atmosphere (Ar and vacuum), Ni particles retained their elemental state, however the extent of densification was poor in the cermet. FAST/SPS in argon and vacuum resulted in almost complete densification (relative density > 97%) and Ni particles were retained in their elemental state in the cermet. During flash sintering in air, the samples sintered to a high densification (relative density ∼98%), however, Ni particles were completely oxidized.
Simultaneous hardening and toughening of a high‐entropy (NbTaZrW)C ceramic carbide using SiC particle
Authors: Peng Fei , Wei Zhen , Song Qianqian , He Liu , Dai Fengfeng , Zhang Weidong , Wu Zhenggang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPreviously, we have found that (NbTaZrW)C exhibits a good combination of nanohardness and toughness. In this report, we explore the possibility to further increase the overall properties of this high‐entropy carbide ceramic (HECC) through introducing SiC particle (SiCP). To this end, a series of (NbTaZrW)C–xSiC ceramic composites (x = 0/5/15/30/50 vol.%) were fabricated using spark plasma sintering (SPS), their microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized. Our results reveal a grain refinement effects of SiCP, an agglomeration of SiCP with (1 0 0) plane preferentially perpendicular to the SPS‐pressing direction and the formation of a transition region with various stoichiometric ratio of (NbTaZrW)xC1−x in the (NbTaZrW)C–SiCP vicinity. The elastic modulus, microhardness, and flexural strength of the HECCs show tight positive relations with the SiCP content and the beneficial effect of SiCP to the fracture toughness of (NbTaZrW)C becomes evident once the content of SiCP reaches 30 vol.%. Altogether, (NbTaZrW)C–50%SiC, which has a microhardness of 22 GPa, a flexural strength of 455 MPa, and an indentation fracture toughness of 6.54 MPa m1/2, presents the optimal combination of mechanical properties among the investigated composites. Mechanistically, the strengthening effect of SiCP introduction arises from the intrinsic high hardness of SiCP and the SiCP‐induced grain refinement and the toughening effect is mainly associated with crack bridging mechanism.
Psychometric properties of patient‐reported outcome measures assessing self‐efficacy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review
Authors: Fang Yan‐Qiu , Chong Ting‐Ting , Wu Di , Qian Li 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the patient‐reported outcome measure assessing self‐efficacy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and recommend the most robust measurement.DesignA systematic review of psychometric properties.Data SourcesWe performed systematic electronic searches in the following databases from inception to 26 May 2022: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO via OVID.Review MethodThis review evaluated the tools' quality in accordance with the Selection of Consensus‐Based Health Measurement Instruments 2018 system Evaluation guidelines.ResultsThree patient‐reported outcome measures were identified in the five included studies. The “IBD‐yourself” questionnaire revealed very low evidence for a sufficient hypothesis test for construct validity, moderate evidence for insufficient internal consistency, and very low evidence for uncertain measurement error. Evidence from Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self‐Efficacy Scale validated internal consistency, structural validity, criterion validity, and hypothesis test for construct validity. However, evidence of moderate quality corroborated this reliability. The Adolescents and Young Adults Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self‐Efficacy Scale demonstrated very low evidence for sufficient internal consistency, moderate evidence for a sufficient hypothesis test for construct and content validity, and very low evidence for uncertain reliability.ConclusionsCompared with the other two measures, the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self‐Efficacy Scale has higher quality evidence of higher overall ratings for some of its psychometric properties, but there were some methodological problems that must be further studied to determine their quality.ImpactIt is uncertain whether a scale to assess self‐efficacy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease has good measurement performance in clinical applications. This study first presents the methodological quality and psychometric properties of the self‐efficacy scale used to assess patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which is based on the Consensus‐Based Health Measurement Instruments standard. This study can help researchers and physicians decide which scale is the most suitable and reliable for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.No Patient or Public ContributionBecause this was a systematic review based on synthesizing information from previous studies, no human participants were included.
Adenosine monophosphate deaminase in the endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria interface promotes mitochondrial Ca2+ overload in type 2 diabetes rat hearts
Authors: Osanami Arata , Sato Tatsuya , Toda Yuki , Shimizu Masaki , Kuno Atsushi , Kouzu Hidemichi , Yano Toshiyuki , Ohwada Wataru , Ogawa Toshifumi , Miura Tetsuji , Tanno Masaya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe previously showed that upregulation of myocardial adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD) is associated with pressure overload‐induced diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes hearts. Here, we examined involvement of AMPD localized in the endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria interface in mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and its pathological significance.Materials and MethodsWe used type 2 diabetes Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty rats (OLETF) and non‐diabetes Long–Evans Tokushima Otsuka Fatty rats (LETO) as well as AMPD3‐overexpressing H9c2 cells and human embryonic kidney 293 cells.ResultsOLETF, but not LETO, showed diastolic dysfunction under the condition of phenylephrine‐induced pressure overload. The levels of 90‐kDa AMPD3 in outer mitochondrial membranes/endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) fractions were significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO. The area of the MAM quantified by electron microscopic analysis was 57% larger, mitochondrial Ca2+ level under the condition of pressure overload was 47% higher and Ca2+ retention capacity in MAM‐containing crude mitochondria isolated before the pressure overloading was 21% lower in OLETF than in LETO (all P‐values <0.05). Transfection of FLAG‐AMPD3 in cells resulted in significant enlargement of the MAM area, and impairment in pyruvate/malate‐driven adenosine triphosphate‐stimulated and uncoupler‐stimulated mitochondrial respiration compared with those in control cells.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that 90‐kDa AMPD3 localized in the endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria interface promotes formation of the MAM, inducing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and dysfunction in type 2 diabetes hearts.
Automated tea quality identification based on deep convolutional neural networks and transfer learning
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Wang Jin , Lu Guodong , Fei Shaomei , Zheng Tao , Huang Bincheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDifferent quality grades of tea tend to have a high degree of similarity in appearance. Traditional image‐based identification methods have limited effects, while complex deep learning architectures require much data and long‐term training. In this paper, two tea quality identification methods based on deep convolutional neural networks and transfer learning are proposed. Different types and quality of tea images are collected by a self‐designed computer vision system to form a data set, which is small‐scale and of high inter‐ and intraclass similarity. The first method uses three simplified convolutional neural network (CNN) models with different image input sizes to identify the quality of tea. The second method performs transfer learning to identify the tea quality by fine‐tuning the mature AlexNet and ResNet50 architecture. Classification performance and model complexity are measured and compared. The related application software is also developed. The results show that the performance of the CNN models and the transfer learning models are close, and both can achieve high identification accuracy. However, the complexity of the CNN models is two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of the transfer learning models. The study shows that deep CNNs and transfer learning have great potential to be rapid and effective methods for automated tea quality identification tasks with high inter‐ and intrasimilarity.
Tele‐visits for GERD: “Ecofriendly, efficient and effective”
Authors: Roy Winnie , Hans Bandhul , Jannat Rida Ul , Reddy Yala Kirthi , Hadi Yousaf , Gayam Swapna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimSars‐CoV‐19 pandemic necessitated a transition to telemedicine for many healthcare encounters. The environmental impact of this transition in gastroenterology (GI) combined with user experience has not been studied.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent telemedicine visits (telephone and video) at a GI clinic at West Virginia University.Distance of patients' residence from clinic × 2 was calculated, and Environmental Protection Agency calculators utilized to calculate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that were avoided from tele‐visits.Patients were reached by telephone and were asked questions to fill in a validated Telehealth Usability Questionnaire with Likert scales (1–7). Variables were also collected via chart review.ResultsA total of 81 video and 89 telephone visits were conducted for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) between March 2020 and March 2021. A total of 111 patients were enrolled, with a response rate of 65.29%. Mean age was lower in the video visit cohort compared with the telephone visit cohort (43.45 ± 14.32 years vs 52.34 ± 17.46 years). Most patients had medications prescribed during the visit (79.3%), and a majority had laboratory testing orders placed (57.7%).We calculated a total distance of 8732 miles that the patients would have traveled if they were to present for in‐person visits (including return trips). A total of 393.3 gallons of gasoline would have been required to transport these patients to and from the healthcare facility to their residence. A total of 3.5 metric tons of GHG's were saved by avoiding 393.3 gallons of gasoline for travel. In relatable terms, this is equivalent to burning more than 3500 pounds of coal. This averages to 31.5‐kg GHG emissions and 3.54 gallons of gasoline saved per patient.ConclusionTelemedicine for GERD resulted in significant environmental savings and was rated highly for access, satisfaction, and usability by patients. Telemedicine for GERD can be an excellent alternative to in‐person visits.
Association between specific unmet functional needs and desire to institutionalize among caregivers of older veterans
Authors: Brenner Rachel J. , Hansen Jared , Brintz Ben J. , Bouldin Erin D. , Pugh Mary Jo , Rupper Randall , Munoz Richard , Garcia‐Davis Sandra , Dang Stuti 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the associations between specific functional needs of older Veterans and the desire to institutionalize (DTI) among their caregivers.MethodsCross‐sectional multivariable logistic regression analysis of 3579 Hero Care survey responses from caregivers of Veterans at five US sites from July to December 2021. Unmet needs were areas in which the caregiver reported the Veteran needed a little more or a lot more help. Caregiver DTI was defined as the caregiver reporting that they had discussed, considered, or taken steps toward a nursing home or assisted living placement for the Veteran or that they felt the Veteran would be better off in such a setting or they were likely to move the Veteran to another living arrangement.ResultsCaregivers were largely white, retired, females with an average age of 71 and with some college education who spent an average of 8–9 h per day 6 days a week caring for a Veteran spouse. There was evidence of associations between the following needs and a DTI: managing incontinence, using the telephone, transportation, and arranging services in the home such as visiting nurses, home care aides, or meals on wheels. Unmet functional needs in other selected domains were not associated with the DTI.ConclusionAmong caregivers of older Veterans, a need for more assistance managing incontinence, telephone use, transportation, and arranging in‐home services were associated with the DTI. These may represent functional markers of important clinical determinants for institutionalization as well as potential targets for intervention to reduce caregiver DTI, such as programs that provide more caregiver or Veteran support in the home to meet these needs and reduce caregiver burden.
Risk factors for impaired respiratory function post COVID‐19: A prospective cohort study of nonhospitalized and hospitalized patients
Authors: Björsell Tove , Sundh Josefin , Lange Anna , Ahlm Clas , Forsell Mattias N.E. , Tevell Staffan , Blomberg Anders , Edin Alicia , Normark Johan , Cajander Sara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSevere COVID‐19 increases the risk for long‐term respiratory impairment, but data after mild COVID‐19 are scarce. Our aims were to determine risk factors for reduced respiratory function 3–6 months after COVID‐19 infection and to investigate if reduced respiratory function would relate to impairment of exercise performance and breathlessness.MethodsPatients with COVID‐19 were enrolled at the University Hospitals of Umeå and Örebro, and Karlstad Central Hospital, Sweden. Disease severity was defined as mild (nonhospitalized), moderate (hospitalized with or without oxygen treatment), and severe (intensive care). Spirometry, including diffusion capacity (DLCO), was performed 3–6 months after hospital discharge or study enrollment (for nonhospitalized patients). Breathlessness (defined as ≥1 according to the modified Medical Research Council scale) and functional exercise capacity (1‐min sit‐to‐stand test; 1‐MSTST) were assessed.ResultsBetween April 2020 and May 2021, 337 patients were enrolled in the study. Forced vital capacity and DLCO were significantly lower in patients with severe COVID‐19. Among hospitalized patients, 20% had reduced DLCO, versus 4% in nonhospitalized. Breathlessness was found in 40.6% of the participants and was associated with impaired DLCO. A pathological desaturation or heart rate response was observed in 17% of participants during the 1‐MSTST. However, this response was not associated with reduced DLCO.ConclusionReduced DLCO was the major respiratory impairment 3–6 months following COVID‐19, with hospitalization as the most important risk factor. The lack of association between impaired DLCO and pathological physiological responses to exertion suggests that these physiological responses are not primarily related to decreased lung function.
Breastfeeding in infancy and mortality in middle and late adulthood: A prospective cohort study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Yan Mengsha , Zhang Yanyu , Wang Wenjie , Zhang Weiwei , Luo Junkai , Gan Da , Yang Haomin , Zhu Shankuan , He Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundBreastfeeding in infancy is associated with a lower risk of mortality among children, but the impact on mortality in middle and late adulthood remains unknown.ObjectivesTo assess the association between breastfeeding in infancy and mortality in middle and late adulthood.MethodsWe included 383,627 participants aged 40–73 from the UK Biobank (2006–2010) and followed up until 2021. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality according to breastfeeding in infancy were estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression models. We further did a meta‐analysis, including results from our present study and three other cohort studies (PROSPERO; number CRD42022348925).ResultsDuring a total of 4732,751 person‐years of follow‐up, 25,581 deaths were identified. Breastfeeding in infancy was associated with lower risks of mortality in middle and late adulthood, with adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of 0.95 (0.93–0.98) for all‐cause mortality; 0.91 (0.87–0.96) for cardiovascular mortality and 0.94 (0.874–0.999) for respiratory mortality. Specifically, the association with mortality seemed to attenuate with age – stronger in middle‐aged adults than in older adults. A similar association between breastfeeding in infancy and all‐cause mortality was found in the meta‐analysis.ConclusionBreastfeeding in infancy is associated with a lower risk of mortality – even decades later – in middle and late adulthood.
Reproducing crises: Understanding the role of law in the COVID‐19 global pandemic
Authors: Atiles Jose , Whyte David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGovernmental responses to the COVID‐19 global pandemic have generated numerous constitutionals, policy, legal, and political‐economic debates. Scholarly engagements with the sociolegal and policy consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic have been dominated by discussion on the role of emergency powers, the suspension of individual civil liberties, the suspension of economic rules in order to guarantee economic survival, and social regulation of public spaces and of workplaces. This paper aims to explore how a critical sociolegal scholarship can contribute to a more sophisticated understanding of the role of law in creating the unequal conditions that propitiated the COVID‐19 pandemic and that might enable further crises. This introduction offers a roadmap for theorizing the limits of law, the operationalization of emergency powers and the different policies implemented by global south and north countries in response to the pandemic. This introduction is structured as follow: (1) provides a general overview of the law and society tradition and its engagement with the COVID‐19 pandemic; (2) engages with three key consequences of the pandemic, labor, and the lockdown; colonial implications; and the limits of law; (3) introduces the papers in this special issue; (4) sketches a proposal for the critical sociolegal scholarship of law and crises.
Genomic responses to parallel temperature gradients in the eelgrass Zostera marina in adjacent bays
Authors: Schiebelhut Lauren M. , Grosberg Richard K. , Stachowicz John J. , Bay Rachael A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe extent of parallel genomic responses to similar selective pressures depends on a complex array of environmental, demographic, and evolutionary forces. Laboratory experiments with replicated selective pressures yield mixed outcomes under controlled conditions and our understanding of genomic parallelism in the wild is limited to a few well‐established systems. Here, we examine genomic signals of selection in the eelgrass Zostera marina across temperature gradients in adjacent embayments. Although we find many genomic regions with signals of selection within each bay there is very little overlap in signals of selection at the SNP level, despite most polymorphisms being shared across bays. We do find overlap at the gene level, potentially suggesting multiple mutational pathways to the same phenotype. Using polygenic models we find that some sets of candidate SNPs are able to predict temperature across both bays, suggesting that small but parallel shifts in allele frequencies may be missed by independent genome scans. Together, these results highlight the continuous rather than binary nature of parallel evolution in polygenic traits and the complexity of evolutionary predictability.
How medical learners and educators decide what counts as mistreatment: A qualitative study
Authors: Vanstone Meredith , Cavanagh Alice , Molinaro Monica , Connelly Catherine E. , Bell Amanda , Mountjoy Margo , Whyte Robert , Grierson Lawrence 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe mistreatment or abuse (maltreatment) of medical learners by their peers and supervisors has been documented globally for decades, and there is significant research about the prevalence, sequelae and strategies for intervention. However, there is evidence that learners experience maltreatment as being less clear cut than do researchers, educators and administrators. This definitional ambiguity creates problems for understanding and addressing this issue. The objective of this study was to understand how medical learners and educators make sense of less‐than‐ideal interactions in the clinical learning environment, and to describe which factors influenced their perception that the encounter constituted maltreatment.MethodsUsing constructivist grounded theory, we interviewed 16 medical students, 15 residents or fellows, and 18 educators associated with a single medical school (n = 49). Data collection began with the most junior learners, iterating with analysis as we progressed through the project. Constant comparative analysis was used to gather and compare stories of ‘definitely’, ‘maybe’ and ‘definitely not’ maltreatment across a variety of axes including experience level, clinical setting and type of interaction.ResultsOur data show that learners and educators have difficulty classifying their experiences of negative interpersonal interaction, except in the most severe and concrete cases. While there was tremendous variation in the way they categorised similar experiences, there was consistency in the elements drawn upon to make sense of those experiences. Participants interpreted negative interpersonal interactions on an individual basis by considering factors related to the interaction, initiator and recipient.ConclusionsOnly the most negative behaviour is consistently understood as maltreatment; a complex process of individual sense‐making is required to determine the acceptability of each interaction. The differences between how individuals judge these interactions highlight an opportunity for administrative, research and faculty development intervention.
Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis healing with reticulated and supple scarring: Two cases secondary to fungal infection
Authors: Shope Chelsea , Cotton Colleen H. , Wine Lee Lara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCongenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis (CEVD) is a rare skin condition that most commonly presents as erosive and vesicular lesions on the trunk and extremities in premature infants and heals with characteristic reticulated and supple scarring (RSS). The exact pathogenesis of CEVD is unknown and is typically a diagnosis of exclusion. We present the cases of two extremely premature neonates with Candida septicemia who were found to have diffuse, erythematous skin eruptions shortly after birth that ultimately healed with RSS. Through these cases, we highlight the importance of including fungal infection in the work‐up of CEVD healing with RSS.