bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy: clinical presentation and risk of stroke and transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Niederer Rachael L , Samalia Priya D , Chen Yi-Hsing , Goh Jonathan KS , Cornish Elisa Eleanor , Guest Stephen , McCluskey Peter J , Lim Lyndell L , Sims Joanne L , Lightman Susan , Tomkins-Netzer Oren 
Published: January 2023

Background/aimsAcute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy is a rare but important disease that can be associated with life-threatening complications due to cerebral vasculitis. The primary objective was to determine the incidence of neurological complications and risk factors for stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) associated with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Secondary objectives included the clinical presentation, visual outcomes and recurrence rates.MethodsThis was a multicentre retrospective case series including 111 eyes from 60 subjects presenting from January 2009 to June 2020.ResultsMedian age at presentation was 29 years (IQR 24.7–35.1) and 36 subjects (60.0%) were male. 20 subjects (33.3%) reported a viral prodrome. Stroke and TIA were observed in seven subjects (11.7%). Older age was the only significant risk factor for stroke/TIA (p=0.042). Vision loss occurred in seven eyes, with four eyes (3.6%) having final visual acuity 6/15–6/60 and three eyes (2.7%) having visual acuity of 6/60 or worse. Recurrence occurred in 10 subjects (16.7%).ConclusionsThe presence of headache cannot reliably predict those at risk of stroke/TIA. Individuals presenting with acute posterior multifocal pigment epitheliopathy should therefore undergo a clinical neurological review and work-up for cerebral vasculitis as deemed appropriate by the treating ophthalmologist and collaborating neurologist.
Endothelial Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (Endo-PAT 2000) use in paediatric patients: a systematic review
Authors: Hayden Jenny , O’Donnell Gill , deLaunois Isabelle , O'Gorman Clodagh 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesEndo Peripheral Artery Tonometry (EndoPAT-2000) is a non-invasive technology for measuring endothelial dysfunction (ED). The reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) is resulted and is low when ED is present. We aim to synthesise the literature on paediatric ED that used Endo-PAT analysis.DesignA comprehensive systematic review was conducted from January 2015 to March 2021. The databases included Cochrane, MEDLINE EBSCO, EMBASE (Ovid), PUBMED and CINAHL EBSCO. Exclusion criteria were: (1) If a study used a different device, for example, (2) If the study had no results. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Published in the English, (2) more than 50% of study subjects were in the paediatric age range, (3) data relevant to paediatric age range children could be extrapolated from all data, where not all study subjects were children.ResultsFollowing the removal of duplicates, 156 articles were initially identified. Following exclusion, 50 articles were included for review. We have subdivided these papers into different systems for ease of reference and have reported our findings in six tables: patients with type 1/2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, respiratory, psychiatric conditions and miscellaneous diseases. For each, the study design, population, control group (if available), RHI results and conclusions were reported.ConclusionsA number of papers using Endo-PAT for children with various chronic diseases have evidence of ED. However, in many cases, there has only been a single cohort study using Endo-PAT. Further studies are required to validate these findings and to help characterise the cardiovascular risk profile of children with chronic disease. Further studies are also required that will characterise more completely the cardiovascular risk profile of these children.Consensus on other vascular risk markers that could be included in future studies is ideal and if accomplished, this would facilitate meta-analyses of studies of relatively rare conditions.
Trends in fertility intentions and contraceptive practices in the context of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: insights from four national and regional population-based cohorts
Authors: Moreau Caroline , Karp Celia , Wood Shannon , Williams Kelsey , Olaolorun Funmilola M , Akilimali Pierre , Guiella Georges , Gichangi Peter , Zimmerman Linnea , Anglewicz Philip 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesStudies in several sub-Saharan geographies conducted early in the COVID-19 pandemic suggested little impact on contraceptive behaviours. Initial results may mask widening disparities with rising poverty, and changes to women’s pregnancy desires and contraceptive use amid prolonged health service disruptions. This study examined trends in contraceptive behaviours in four sub-Saharan African settings 1 year into the pandemic.DesignNationally and regionally representative longitudinal surveys.SettingBurkina Faso, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa) and Nigeria (Lagos).ParticipantsWomen aged 15–49 years with sample size ranging from 1469 in Nigeria to 9477 in Kenya.Outcome measuresFertility preferences, contraceptive use and unintended pregnancies measured before COVID-19 (November 2019 to January 2020) and during COVID-19 (November 2020 to January 2021).AnalysisWe described population-level and individual-level changes by socioeconomic characteristics using generalised equation modelling. We used logistic regression models to identify factors related to contraceptive adoption and discontinuation and to experiencing an unintended pregnancy.ResultsAt the population level, we found no change in women’s exposure to unintended pregnancy risk, alongside 5–9 percentage point increases in contraceptive prevalence in Burkina Faso, Kenya and Lagos. Reliance on provider-dependent methods dropped by 2 and 4 percentage points in Kenya and Burkina Faso, respectively, although these declines were not statistically significant. Between 1.0% and 2.8% of women across sites experienced an unintended pregnancy during COVID-19, with no significant change over time. Individual-level trajectories showed contraceptive adoption was more common than discontinuation in Burkina Faso, Kenya and Lagos, with little difference by sociodemographic characteristics. Women’s COVID-19-related economic vulnerability was unrelated to unintended pregnancy across sites.ConclusionsThis study highlights the resilience of African women across diverse settings in sustaining contraceptive practices amid the COVID-19 pandemic. However, with reports of rising poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, there is continued need to monitor access to essential sexual and reproductive health services.
Multidimensional evaluation of the pain profile as prognostic factor in individuals with hip or knee osteoarthritis receiving total joint replacement: protocol of a 2-year longitudinal prognostic cohort study
Authors: Florencio Lidiane L , Palacios-Ceña María , Fuensalida-Novo Stella , de-la-Llave-Rincón Ana I , Ambite-Quesada Silvia , Ortega-Santiago Ricardo , Arias-Buría José L , Cigarán-Méndez Margarita , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionKnee and hip osteoarthritis are two highly prevalent musculoskeletal pain conditions. Unsuccessful rates after hip/knee replacement range from 10% to 20%. Subjects with sensitisation manifestations are vulnerable to worse clinical outcomes. Most studies have analysed outcomes up to 1 year after surgery. The aim of this 2-year longitudinal study will be to evaluate sensory-related, psychological and psychophysical pain sensitisation manifestations and a potential epigenetic biomarker as prognostic clinical outcomes for the development of chronic postoperative pain after knee or hip replacement.Methods and analysisA prospective longitudinal study with a 2-year follow-up period will be conducted. The prognostic variables will include pain, function, related-disability, anxiety, depression, quality of life, sensitisation-associated symptoms, kinesiophobia, neuropathic pain and catastrophising, and expectative of the intervention will be assessed before surgery. We will also evaluate the presence of the Val158Met polymorphism as a possible epigenetic marker. Clinical outcomes including pain, related-disability and self-perceived satisfaction, sensitisation-associated symptoms and neuropathic pain will be assessed 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after surgery. These variables will be used to construct three prediction models: (1) pain and function, (2) sensitisation-associated symptomatology and (3) neuropathic pain features classifying those patients in responders and non-responders. Data from knee or hip osteoarthritis will be analysed separately. Statistical analyses will be conducted with logistic regressions.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of both institutions involved (Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón (HUFA) 19–141 and Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) 0312201917319). Participants will sign the written informed consent before their inclusion. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific meetings.
Novel mixed-method, inclusive protocol involving global key stakeholders, including carers as experts, to co-develop relevant Caregiver-Reported Outcome Domains (CRODs) in skin disease
Authors: Walsh Carleen , Leavey Gerard , Mc Laughlin Marian , Paller Amy S , Irvine Alan D , Browne Fiona , Mellerio Jemima E , Bewley Anthony 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionIchthyoses comprise a heterogenous group of rare genetic skin disorders that involves the entire skin surface, often with additional syndromic features, and pose many clinical challenges. Without curative intervention, the mainstay of life-long symptom management is supportive in nature and can remain the responsibility of the caregiver. Although impact on the wider family is considered an important outcome of policies and services, there is a lack of caregiver consensus on what outcome domains to measure to fully assess the impact of ichthyosis on the patient and the caregiver. This project aims to identify a set of core outcome domains towards a core outcome set for ichthyosis that can measure all relevant concepts of ichthyosis in clinical practice, service delivery and research.Methods and analysisFollowing the COMET (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials) initiative, this project will employ a mixed-method study design which was developed using public and patient involvement and an international multidisciplinary expert group (clinical experts, patients and their representatives, policymakers, researchers and service providers). Experts by experience, or caregivers, will be recruited through online ichthyosis support groups. Phase one will focus on item generation and involve: (1) a systematic literature review, (2) a multimethods international qualitative study with ichthyosis caregivers and (3) co-development of items for an e-survey. Phase two, item refinement, will employ a novel four-pronged consensus approach: (1) an e-Delphi survey, (2) statistical analysis of e-Delphi survey results, (3) online qualitative feedback and (4) an online consensus discussion. All methodological considerations will be clearly linked with each Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Developing recommendation.Ethics and disseminationResearch Ethics Committee approval obtained from the School of Psychology, Ulster University (UK)(Ref:REC/20/0004). Results will be presented in published international peer-reviewed journals, at scientific meetings and support groups.RegistrationCOMET database (January 2019).
Illness severity characteristics and outcomes of patients remaining on an acute ward following medical emergency team review: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Batterbury Anthony , Douglas Clint , Jones Lee , Coyer Fiona 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPatients requiring medical emergency team (MET) review have complex clinical needs, and most remain on the ward after review. Current detection instruments cannot identify post-MET patient requirements, meaning patients remain undistinguished, potentially resulting in missed management opportunities. We propose that deteriorating patients will cluster along dimensions of illness severity and that these clusters may be used to strengthen patient risk management practices.ObjectiveTo identify and define the number of illness severity clusters and report outcomes among ward patients following MET review.Study design and settingThis retrospective cohort study examined the clinical records of 1500 adult ward patients following MET review at an Australian quaternary hospital. Three-step latent profile analysis methods were used to determine clusters using Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Nursing Activities Score (NAS) as illness severity indicators. Study outcomes were (1) hospital mortality, (2) unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission and (3) subsequent MET review.ResultsPatients were unplanned (73.9%) and medical (57.5%) admissions with at least one comorbidity (51.4%), and complex combinations of acuity (SOFA range 1–17) and dependency (NAS range 22.4%–148.5%). Five clusters are reported. Patients in cluster 1 were equivalent to clinically stable general ward patients. Organ failure and complexity increased with cluster progression—clusters 2 and 3 were equivalent to subspecialty/higher-dependency wards, and clusters 4 and 5 were equivalent to ICUs. Patients in cluster 5 had the greatest odds for death (OR 26.2, 95% CI 23.3 to 31.3), unplanned ICU admission (OR 3.1, 95% CI 3.0 to 3.1) and subsequent MET review (OR 2.4, 95% CI 2.4 to 2.6).ConclusionThe five illness severity clusters may be used to define patients at risk of poorer outcomes who may benefit from enhanced levels of monitoring and targeted care.
Observational constraints on f(R, T) gravity with $$f(R,T) = R + h(T)$$
Authors: Sardar Gopal , Bose Akash , Chakraborty Subenoy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present cosmological model deals with modified f(R, T) gravity theory with $$f(R,T)=R+h(T)$$

f
(
R
,
T
)
=
R
+
h
(
T
)

in the background of homogeneous and isotropic FLRW space-time model. Four choices of h(T) have been studied and examined from two observational data sets. It is found that model III, namely, the linear combination of power law and logarithmic form is more consistent with observed data than the others. However, all four considered models are a worse fit than the LCDM model.
Beyond DGLAP improved saturation model
Authors: Boroun G. R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present a modification of the DGLAP improved saturation model with respect to the nonlinear correction (NLC). The GLR-MQ improved saturation model is considered by employing the parametrization of proton structure function due to the Laplace transforms method, which preserves its behavior success in the low and high $$Q^{2}$$

Q
2

regions. We show that the geometric scaling holds for the GLR-MQ improved model in a wide kinematic region $$rQ_{s}$$

r

Q
s

. These results are comparable with other models in a wide kinematic region $$rQ_{s}$$

r

Q
s

. The behavior of the dipole cross sections, with respect to the GLR-MQ improved saturation model, are comparable with the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) model. The model describes the dipole cross sections in the inclusive and diffractive processes. We also compare the nonlinear corrections to the impact-parameter dependent saturation (IP-Sat) model with the impact-parameter dependent color glass condensate (b-CGC) dipole model. Finally, we consider the linear and nonlinear corrections to the IP Non-Sat model. These results provide a benchmark for further investigation of QCD at small x in future experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider and Future Circular Collider projects.
BLOW-UP PROBLEMS FOR FUJITA-TYPE PARABOLIC SYSTEM INVOLVING TIME-DEPENDENT COEFFICIENTS ON GRAPHS
Authors: WU YITING 
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we deal with the blow-up problems for Fujita-type parabolic system involving time-dependent coefficients on graphs. Under appropriate conditions, we prove that the nonnegative solution of the parabolic system blows up in a finite time on finite graphs and locally finite graphs, respectively. The results obtained extend some previous results of [Y. Lin and Y. Wu, Blow-up problems for nonlinear parabolic equations on locally finite graphs, Acta Math. Sci. Ser. B 38(3) (2018) 843–856; Y. Wu, Local existence and blow-up of solutions to Fujita-type equations involving general absorption term on finite graphs, Fractals 30(2) (2022) 2240053].
Scalar extension Hopf algebroids
Authors: Stojić Martina 
Published: January 2023

Given a Hopf algebra [Formula: see text], Brzeziński and Militaru have shown that each braided commutative Yetter–Drinfeld [Formula: see text]-module algebra [Formula: see text] gives rise to an associative [Formula: see text]-bialgebroid structure on the smash product algebra [Formula: see text]. They also exhibited an antipode map making [Formula: see text] the total algebra of a Lu’s Hopf algebroid over [Formula: see text]. However, the published proof that the antipode is an antihomomorphism covers only a special case. In this paper, a complete proof of the antihomomorphism property is exhibited. Moreover, a new generalized version of the construction is provided. Its input is a compatible pair [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of braided commutative Yetter–Drinfeld [Formula: see text]-module algebras, and output is a symmetric Hopf algebroid [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text]. This construction does not require that the antipode of [Formula: see text] is invertible.
Three common sampling techniques in Pleistocene coral reefs of the Red Sea: a comparison
Authors: Ivkić Angelina , Puff Felix , Kroh Andreas , Mansour Abbas , Osman Mohamed , Hassan Mohamed , Ahmed Abo El Hagag , Zuschin Martin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Line Intercept Transects (LIT), Point Intercept Transects (PIT) and Photoquadrats (PQ) are the most common quantitative sampling techniques in modern and fossil coral reefs. Data from coral reefs obtained by the different methods are generally compared between various reef ages and localities. Quaternary reefs from warmer interglacial periods, which represent climate scenarios projected for the future, are particularly interesting for comparisons with modern reefs.
Importantly, fossil reefs differ from modern reefs because they are diagenetically altered and time-averaged. While several studies have compared different quantitative methods in modern reefs, very few have dealt with the comparability among fossil and between fossil and modern reefs. Here, we compare LIT, PIT at 10, 20 and 50 cm intervals and PQ in two Pleistocene reef localities in Egypt. We find that alpha diversity, reef cover and community composition are dependent on the method. Results gained with plotless methods (LIT, PIT) differ strongly from results gained with plot methods (PQ). However, coral cover results are similar with LIT and PIT, and community composition is indistinguishable between the two, but alpha diversity depends on the interval used for PIT.
We discuss the implications of our findings for comparing coral reefs of various ages and localities. We recommend surveying Pleistocene reefs with PIT at 20 cm intervals. This is because (1) alpha diversity is well captured, (2) the amount of time-averaging recorded by PIT is reduced compared to PQ, (3) the PIT results can be directly compared to reefs analysed by LIT and (4) the method is less time-consuming than LIT and PQ.
Improved Infilling of Missing Metadata from Expendable Bathythermographs (XBTs) Using Multiple Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Haddad Stephen , Killick Rachel E. , Palmer Matthew D. , Webb Mark J. , Prudden Rachel , Capponi Francesco , Adams Samantha V. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Historical in situ ocean temperature profile measurements are important for a wide range of ocean and climate research activities. A large proportion of the profile observations have been recorded using expendable bathythermographs (XBTs), and required bias corrections for use in climate change studies. It is generally accepted that the bias, and therefore bias correction, depends on the type of XBT used. However, poor historical metadata collection practices mean the XBT probe type information is often missing, for 59% of profiles between 1967 and 2000, limiting the development of reliable bias corrections. We develop a process of estimating missing instrument type metadata (the combination of both model and manufacturer) systematically, constructing a machine learning pipeline based on thorough data exploration to inform these choices. The predicted instrument type, where missing, will facilitate improved XBT bias corrections. The new approach improves the accuracy of the XBT type classification compared to previous approaches from a recall value of 0.75–0.94. We also develop an approach to account for the uncertainty associated with metadata assignments using ensembles of decision trees, which could feed into an ensemble approach to creating ocean temperature datasets. We describe the challenges arising from the nature of the dataset in applying standard machine learning techniques to the problem. We have implemented this in a portable, reproducible way using standard data science tools, with a view to these techniques being applied to other similar problems in climate science.
Suicide among health professionals in Australia: A retrospective mortality study of trends over the last two decades
Authors: Petrie Katherine , Zeritis Stephanie , Phillips Matthew , Chen Nicola , Shand Fiona , Spittal Matthew J , Harvey Samuel B 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To examine the relative risk of suicide among healthcare professionals compared to other occupations and examine changes in suicide rates over time. Methods: Suicide cases were identified using the National Coronial Information System and were included if they were recorded as a death by intentional self-harm between 2001 and 2017 and were by an employed adult aged 20–69 with a known occupation at the time of death. Suicide methods were reported descriptively. Workforce data at the population level was extracted from the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011 Census. Age-standardised suicide rates per 100,000 person-years for each of the four occupational groups were calculated using direct standardisation and using the Australian Bureau of Statistics population-level data from the 2011 Census. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate suicide risk by healthcare employment status and profession, to investigate differences by sex and to examine trends in suicide rates over time, using rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Healthcare professionals were at increased risk of suicide compared to other occupations (rate ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = [1.19, 1.42], p < 0.001), controlling for age, sex and year of death. Nurses and midwives were identified as being at significantly increased risk of suicide (rate ratio = 1.95, 95% confidence interval = [1.73, 2.19], p < 0.001). Suicide rates among female medical practitioners increased substantially over time ( p = 0.01). Conclusion: Health professionals are at significantly increased risk of suicide, though the relative risk of different groups is changing over time. There has been a substantial increase in the risk of suicide among female medical practitioners with rates of suicide in this group more than doubling over the last two decades. Findings highlight the need for targeted suicide prevention initiatives for healthcare professionals.