bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Aster Yellows on Crop and Noncrop Species from the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Romero Berenice , Dumonceaux Tim , Olivier Chrystel , Wist Tyler , Prager Sean M. 
Published: April 2023

Aster yellows phytoplasmas (AYp) are a group of obligate parasites that infect a wide range of plant species, including crops such as canola and cereals and noncrops such as dandelion and wild mustard. In the Canadian Prairies, these microorganisms are mainly transmitted by a migratory species of leafhopper ( Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes). Although a low incidence of the disease associated with this pathogen has been reported for most years in canola fields, several outbreaks have been documented in this region. A selection of crop and noncrop species commonly found in the Canadian Prairies and Arabidopsis thaliana were used to assess the suitability of these plant species as hosts for AYp (16SrI-B). Symptom expression and phytoplasma levels were examined at different time points following exposure to infective insects. A. thaliana, barley, and canola were susceptible to infection with AYp, yet symptoms differed among these plant species. A. thaliana and canola exhibited symptoms of infection as early as 2 weeks following exposure to infected insects, whereas symptoms in barley were observed at 5 weeks. A lower incidence rate was observed in wheat, and levels of AYp in phytoplasma-infected wheat plants were low. Dandelion and sowthistle tested negative for the presence of AYp at all time points, suggesting that these are unsuitable hosts for these microorganisms. Moreover, we observed a partial disassociation between the plant species that were suitable hosts for AYp and those that had been characterized as more suitable or suitable hosts for aster leafhopper oviposition and nymphal development in previous studies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Acute, next‐generation AMPK activation initiates a disease‐resistant gene expression program in dystrophic skeletal muscle
Authors: Ng Sean Y. , Mikhail Andrew I. , Mattina Stephanie R. , Manta Alexander , Diffey Ian J. , Ljubicic Vladimir 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a life‐limiting neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and wasting. Previous proof‐of‐concept studies demonstrate that the dystrophic phenotype can be mitigated with the pharmacological stimulation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, first‐generation AMPK activators have failed to translate from bench to bedside due to either their lack of potency or toxic, off‐target effects. The identification of safe and efficacious molecules that stimulate AMPK in dystrophic muscle is of particular importance as it may broaden the therapeutic landscape for DMD patients regardless of their specific dystrophin mutation. Here, we demonstrate that a single dose of the next generation, orally‐bioactive AMPK agonist MK‐8722 (MK) to mdx mice evoked skeletal muscle AMPK and extensive downstream stimulation within 12 h post‐treatment. Specifically, MK elicited a gene expression profile indicative of a more disease‐resistant slow, oxidative phenotype including increased peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor ɣ coactivator‐1⍺ activity and utrophin levels. In addition, we observed augmented autophagy signaling downstream of AMPK, as well as elevations in critical autophagic genes such as Map1lc3 and Sqstm1 subsequent to the myonuclear accumulation of the master regulator of the autophagy gene program, transcription factor EB. Lastly, we show that pharmacological AMPK stimulation normalizes the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and amends activated muscle stem cell content in mdx muscle. Our results indicate that AMPK activation via MK enhances disease‐mitigating mechanisms in dystrophic muscle and prefaces further investigation on the chronic effects of novel small molecule AMPK agonists.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Nonhealing Wounds—A Long-term Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lalieu Rutger C. , Bol Raap René D. , Smit Casper , Dubois Emile F.L. , van Hulst Rob A. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To analyze wound healing results of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for a variety of different wound types.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study included all patients treated with HBOT and wound care at a single hyperbaric center between January 2017 and December 2020. The primary outcome was wound healing. Secondary outcome measures were quality of life (QoL), number of sessions, adverse effects, and treatment cost. Investigators also examined possible influencing factors, including age, sex, type and duration of wound, socioeconomic status, smoking status, and presence of peripheral vascular disease.

RESULTS
A total of 774 treatment series were recorded, with a median of 39 sessions per patient (interquartile range, 23-51 sessions). In total, 472 wounds (61.0%) healed, 177 (22.9%) partially healed, 41 (5.3%) deteriorated, and 39 (5.0%) minor and 45 (5.8%) major amputations were performed. Following HBOT, median wound surface area decreased from 4.4 cm2 to 0.2 cm2 (P < .01), and patient QoL improved from 60 to 75 on a 100-point scale (P < .01). The median cost of therapy was €9,188 (interquartile range, €5,947-€12,557). Frequently recorded adverse effects were fatigue, hyperoxic myopia, and middle ear barotrauma. Attending fewer than 30 sessions and having severe arterial disease were both associated with a negative outcome.

CONCLUSIONS
Adding HBOT to standard wound care increases wound healing and QoL in selected wounds. Patients with severe arterial disease should be screened for potential benefits. Most reported adverse effects are mild and transient.
Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Early Nerve Decompression and Surgical Stabilization for Bony Wrist Trauma
Authors: Samuel Thomas D. , Jeffrey Hamish , Hayter Edward , Lee George , Little Maximillian , Hardman John , Anakwe Raymond E. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
We undertook this study to investigate the outcomes of surgical treatment for acute carpal tunnel syndrome following our protocol for concurrent nerve decompression and skeletal stabilization for bony wrist trauma to be undertaken within 48 hours.

Methods:
We identified all patients treated at our trauma center following this protocol between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2019. All patients were clinically reviewed at least 12 months after surgery and assessed using the Brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, and sensory assessment with Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing.

Results:
The study group was made up of 35 patients. Thirty-three patients were treated within 36 hours. Patients treated with our unit protocol for early surgery comprising nerve decompression and bony stabilization within 36 hours report excellent outcomes at medium term follow-up.

Conclusions:
We propose that nerve decompression and bony surgical stabilization should be undertaken as soon as practically possible once the diagnosis is made. This is emergent treatment to protect and preserve nerve function. In our experience, the vast majority of patients were treated within 24 hours; however, where a short period of observation was required, excellent results were generally achieved when treatment was completed within 36 hours.
Considerations for specific cardiomyopathies during pregnancy
Authors: Abrams Madeline , Magun Ella , DeFilippis Ersilia M. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Maternal mortality in the United States continues to increase. Cardiovascular disease, and in particular, cardiomyopathy and heart failure, serves as one of the principal causes of pregnancy-related mortality. The goal of this review is to summarize current knowledge on various cardiomyopathies in pregnancy, with an emphasis on cardiomyopathies beyond the most common in pregnancy, peripartum cardiomyopathy.

Recent findings
Although existing literature is somewhat limited, outcome studies of cardiomyopathy in pregnancy have demonstrated increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events and maternal morbidity and mortality. Herein, we review and synthesize recent studies focusing on preconception risk and counseling, pharmacologic management, and maternal outcomes in various cardiomyopathies during pregnancy including: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, noncompaction cardiomyopathy, and chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy.

Summary
In an effort to optimize maternal outcomes, it is critical to recognize the risk associated with various cardiomyopathies in pregnancy and understand the tools for risk stratification and antepartum management. Further research on less common cardiomyopathies in pregnancy is warranted to provide more standardized recommendations.
Cardiac medications in obstetric patients
Authors: Spehar Stephanie M. , Albert-Stone Emma , Davis Melinda B. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
This review summarizes recent literature, updated safety data, and major clinical considerations for commonly used medications for arrhythmias, heart failure, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and anticoagulation during pregnancy and lactation.

Recent findings
Recent studies have shown a benefit to more aggressive treatment of mild chronic hypertension to a blood pressure goal of <140/90 with oral labetalol and nifedipine remaining first-line agents. Aspirin is now routinely used for preeclampsia prevention, while experience with other antiplatelet agents, such as purinergic receptor P2Y G protein-coupled 12 (P2Y12) inhibitors, continues to grow. Data on statin therapy are rapidly changing and recent studies suggest this class may not be associated with fetal harm and can be continued in select cases.

Summary
As data regarding medication safety continues to evolve, a multidisciplinary team is needed for full consideration of maternal and fetal risks and benefits. Ongoing studies are needed to improve and expand our understanding of medication safety during pregnancy and lactation.
Destination LVAD therapy in the current era of the heart transplant allocation system
Authors: Toro Saleem , Patel Kelsey , Guha Ashrith 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
This article aims to shed light on the major implications of the new allocation system by discussing the observed outcomes and complications and suggesting a few steps to prevent and manage those potential challenges.

Recent findings
The new allocation system implemented in 2018 aimed to prioritize high-risk patients and provide a better equitable opportunity for heart transplantation. However, despite the success in reducing wait-list mortality, this change brought up many direct and indirect challenges to patient care, such as worsening ischemic time and an increase in the use of temporary mechanical support at the expense of durable LVADs. Moreover, the parallel advancement in LVAD technology and the associated improvement in patient outcomes added another layer to the complexity of shared decision-making in the advanced heart failure population.

Summary
LVAD patient population is expected to continue to expand. This growth will also be accompanied by longer wait-time and a higher prevalence of LVAD complications. Advanced technologies such as wireless devices and remote monitoring are quite promising in that regard. Also, advanced artificial intelligence algorithms might help to improve patient selection, ameliorate early detection of complications, and offer further guidance to manage those complications.
Early hip fracture surgery is safe for patients on direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Kolodychuk Nicholas L. , Godshaw Brian , Nammour Michael , Starring Hunter , Mautner James 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
To determine how preoperative direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use affects rates of blood transfusion, clinically important blood loss, and 30-day mortality in patients with hip fracture undergoing surgery within 48 hours of presentation to the emergency department.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Academic trauma center.

Patients:
A total of 535 patients with hip fracture who underwent open cephalomedullary nail fixation or arthroplasty either taking a direct oral anticoagulant or no form of chemical anticoagulant/antiplatelet agent before presentation (control).

Main Outcome Measures:
Demographics, time to surgery, type of surgery, blood transfusion requirement, clinically important blood loss, and 30-day mortality.

Results:
Forty-one patients (7.7%) were taking DOACs. DOAC patients were older (81.7 vs. 77 years, P = 0.02) and had higher BMI (26.9 vs. 24.2 kg/m2, P = 0.01). Time from admission to surgery was similar between DOAC users (20.1 hours) and the control (18.7 hours, P > 0.4). There was no difference in receipt of blood transfusion (P = 0.4), major bleeding diagnosis (P = 0.2), acute blood loss anemia diagnosis (P = 0.5), and 30-day mortality (P = 1) between the DOAC and control group. This was true when stratifying by type of surgery as well.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that early surgery may be safe in patients with hip fracture taking DOACs despite theoretical risk of increased bleeding. Because early surgery has previously been associated with decreased morbidity and mortality, we suggest that hip fracture surgery should not be delayed because a patient is taking direct oral anticoagulants.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III.
Role of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in Assessing Hepatobiliary Malignancies
Authors: Rajaraman Vishnukumar , Meenakshi Lakshman Aridhasan , Selvaraj Ashwin Jeba , Pottakkat Biju , Halanaik Dhanapathi 
Published: April 2023

Introduction and Aim
Preliminary studies showed good expression of fibroblast activating protein inhibitor (FAPI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). Our aims were to study the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in diagnosing the primary hepatobiliary malignancies and to compare its performance with 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Patients and Methods
Patients suspected to have HCC and CC were recruited prospectively. FDG and FAPI PET/CT studies were completed within 1 week. Final diagnosis of malignancy was achieved by tissue diagnosis (either histopathological examination or fine-needle aspiration cytology) and radiological correlation from conventional modalities. Results were compared with final diagnosis and expressed as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy.

Results
Forty-one patients were included. Thirty-one were positive for malignancy and 10 were negative. Fifteen were metastatic. Of 31, 18 were CC and 6 were HCC. For overall diagnosis of the primary disease, FAPI PET/CT performed exceptionally compared with FDG PET/CT with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 96.77%, 90%, and 95.12%, respectively, versus 51.61%, 100%, and 63.41% for FDG PET/CT. FAPI PET/CT clearly outperformed FDG PET/CT for the evaluation of CC with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 94.4%, 100%, and 95.24%, respectively, whereas for FDG PET/CT sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 50%, 100%, and 57.14%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of FAPI PET/CT was 61.54% for metastatic HCC compared with 84.62% for FDG PET/CT.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the potential role of FAPI-PET/CT in evaluating CC. It also ascertains its usefulness in the cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma. Although it showed a higher lesion detection rate than FDG in primary HCC, its diagnostic performance in the metastatic setting is questionable.
PSMA PET/CT Detection of Chondromyxoid Fibroma
Authors: Jang Albert , Caputo Sydney A. , Hawkins Madeline E. , Talbert Joshua E. , Sartor Oliver 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A 61-year-old man underwent a piflufolastat 18F prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT scan due to a rising prostate-specific antigen level. The scan noted a focal cortical erosion on the CT scan in the right anterolateral tibia, and the PET showed an SUVmax of 4.08. A biopsy of this lesion revealed a chondromyxoid fibroma. This rare case of a PSMA PET-positive chondromyxoid fibroma illustrates the importance of radiologists and oncologists not to assume an isolated bone lesion on a PSMA PET/CT scan as a bone metastasis from prostate cancer.
Comparison of First-generation and Third-generation Dual-source Computed Tomography for Detecting Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Evaluated for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Renker Matthias , Steinbach Robert , Schoepf U. Joseph , Fischer-Rasokat Ulrich , Choi Yeong-Hoon , Hamm Christian W. , Rolf Andreas , Kim Won-Keun 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
This study compared image quality and evaluability of coronary artery disease (CAD) in routine preparatory imaging for transcatheter aortic valve replacement using 64-slice (first-generation) to 192-slice (third-generation) dual-source computed tomography(DSCT).

Materials and Methods:
The CT data sets of 192 patients (122 women, median age 82 y) without severe renal dysfunction or known CAD were analyzed retrospectively. Half were examined using first-generation DSCT (June 2014 to February 2016) and the other half with third-generation DSCT (April 2016 to April 2017). Per protocol, contrast material (110 [110 to 120] vs. 70 [70 to 70] mL, P<0.001) and radiation dose of multiphasic retrospectively gated thoracic CT angiography (dose-length-product, 1001 [707 to 1312] vs. 727 [474 to 1369] mGy×cm, P<0.001) were significantly lower with third-generation DSCT. Significant CAD was defined as CAD-RADS ≥4 by CT. Invasive coronary angiography served as the reference standard (CAD is defined as ≥70% stenosis or fractional flow reserve ≤0.80).

Results:
In comparison with first-generation DSCT, third-generation DSCT showed significantly better subjective (3 [interquartile range 2 to 3] vs. 4 [3 to 4.25] on a 5-point scale, P<0.001) and objective image quality (signal-to-noise ratio of left coronary artery 12.8 [9.9 to 16.4] vs. 15.2 [12.4 to 19.0], P<0.001). Accuracy (72.9% vs. 91.7%, P=0.001), specificity (59.7% vs. 88.3%, P<0.001), positive (61.0% vs. 83.3%, P<0.001), and negative predictive value (91.9% vs. 98.2%, P=0.045) for detecting CAD per-patient were significantly better using third-generation DSCT, while sensitivity was similar (92.3% vs. 97.2%, P=0.129).

Conclusions:
Coronary artery evaluation with CT angiography before TAVI is feasible in selected patients. Compared with first-generation DSCT, state-of-the-art third-generation DSCT technology is superior for this purpose, allowing for less contrast medium and radiation dose while providing better image quality and improved diagnostic performance.
A framework for linking hemispheric, full annual cycle prioritizations to local conservation actions for migratory birds
Authors: DeLuca William V. , Seavy Nathaniel E. , Grand Joanna , Velásquez-Tibatá Jorge , Taylor Lotem , Bowler Cat , Deppe Jill L. , Knight Erika J. , Lentijo Gloria M. , Meehan Timothy D. , Michel Nicole L. , Saunders Sarah P. , Schillerstrom Nolan , Smith Melanie A. , Witko Chad , Wilsey Chad B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe conservation of migratory birds poses a fundamental challenge: their conservation requires coordinated action across the hemisphere, but those actions must be designed and implemented locally. To address this challenge, we describe a multi-level framework for linking broad-scale, full annual cycle prioritizations to local conservation actions for migratory birds. We developed hemisphere-scale spatial prioritizations for the full annual cycle of migratory birds that breed in six different ecosystems in North America. The full annual cycle prioritizations provide a hemispheric context within which regional priorities can be identifieed. Finer resolution, regional prioritizations can then inform local conservation actions more effectively. We describe the importance of local conservation practitioner contributions at each level of the process and provide two examples of regional spatial prioritizations that were developed to guide local action. The fierst example focused on coastal North and South Carolina, USA, and used information on marsh birds, shorebirds, ecological integrity, and co-benefiets for people to identify Cape Romain, South Carolina as a high-priority site for conservation action. The second example in Colombia used information on migrant and resident birds to identify the Cauca Valley as a high priority site. The multi-level conceptual framework we describe is one pathway for identifying sites for implementation of local conservation actions that are guided by conservation priorities for migratory birds across their full annual cycle.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Spurilla braziliana MacFarland 1909 (Nudibranchia, Aeolidiidae)
Authors: Mizobata Hideaki , Hayashi Kentaro , Yonezawa Ryo , Lanza Andre , Kinoshita Shigeharu , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Asakawa Shuichi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpurilla brazilianaMacFarland 1909 is a morphologically diverse nudibranch found in the Pacific and Western Atlantic. The complete mitochondrial genome ofS. brazilianahas been constructed using next-generation sequencing technology. The mitochondrial genome is 14,291 bp and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 23 tRNA genes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method revealed thatS. brazilianais included in the superfamily Aeolidioidea and forms a monophyletic group withBerghia stephanieae, a nudibranch of the family Aeolidiidae. This study reinforces existing taxonomic insights and provides a basis for further molecular phylogenetic analysis.
TMS reveals a two-stage priming circuit of gesture-speech integration
Authors: Zhao Wanying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNaturalistically, multisensory information of gesture and speech is intrinsically integrated to enable coherent comprehension. Such cross-modal semantic integration is temporally misaligned, with the onset of gesture preceding the relevant speech segment. It has been proposed that gestures prime subsequent speech. However, there are unresolved questions regarding the roles and time courses that the two sources of information play in integration. Here, in two between-subject experiments of healthy college students, we segmented the gesture-speech integration period into 40-ms time windows (TWs) based on two separately division criteria, while interrupting the activity of the integration node of the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) with double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In Experiment 1, we created fixed time-advances of gesture over speech and divided the TWs from the onset of speech. In Experiment 2, we differentiated the processing stages of gesture and speech and segmented the TWs in reference to the speech lexical identification point (IP), while speech onset occurred at the gesture semantic discrimination point (DP). The results showed a TW-selective interruption of the pMTG and IFG only in Experiment 2, with the pMTG involved in TW1 (−120∼-80 ms of speech IP), TW2 (−80∼-40 ms), TW6 (80∼120 ms) and TW7 (120∼160 ms) and the IFG involved in TW3 (−40∼0 ms) and TW6. Meanwhile no significant disruption of gesture-speech integration was reported in Experiment 1. We determined that after the representation of gesture has been established, gesture-speech integration occurs such that speech is first primed in a phonological processing stage before gestures are unified with speech to form a coherent meaning. Our findings provide new insights into multisensory speech and co-speech gesture integration by tracking the causal contributions of the two sources of information.