bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities and networks in two agricultural fields of central Japan with different histories of maize–cabbage rotation
Authors: Kenmotsu Harutaro , Masuma Tomoro , Murakami Junya , Hirose Yuu , Eki Toshihiko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCrop rotation is an important agricultural practice for homeostatic crop cultivation. Here, we applied high-throughput sequencing of ribosomal RNA gene amplicons to investigate soil biota in two fields of central Japan with different histories of maize–cabbage rotation. We identified 3086 eukaryotic and 17,069 prokaryotic sequence variants (SVs) from soil samples from two fields rotating two crops at three different growth stages. The eukaryotic and prokaryotic communities in the four sample groups of two crops and two fields were clearly distinguished using β-diversity analysis. Redundancy analysis showed the relationships of the communities in the fields to pH and nutrient, humus, and/or water content. The complexity of eukaryotic and prokaryotic networks was apparently higher in the cabbage-cultivated soils than those in the maize-cultivated soils. The node SVs (nSVs) of the networks were mainly derived from two eukaryotic phyla: Ascomycota and Cercozoa, and four prokaryotic phyla: Pseudomonadota, Acidobacteriota, Actinomycetota, and Gemmatimonadota. The networks were complexed by cropping from maize to cabbage, suggesting the formation of a flexible network under crop rotation. Ten out of the 16 eukaryotic nSVs were specifically found in the cabbage-cultivated soils were derived from protists, indicating the potential contribution of protists to the formation of complex eukaryotic networks.
Dye removal membrane from electrospun nanofibers of blended polybutylenesuccinate and sulphonated expanded polystyrene waste
Authors: Nady Norhan , Abdel Rehim Mona H. , Badawy Abdelrahman A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolystyrene (PS) is a thermoplastic polymer used in food packaging and the manufacture of trays and cups, among other applications. In this work, the preparation of a membrane by electrospinning blended sulphonated expanded PS waste and polybutylenesuccinate (PBS) is described. The fiber quality is controlled by selecting the right polymers’ ratios and solvents. Investigation of the structure of the produced membranes by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance confirmed the successful sulphonation of expanded PS and the appearance of characteristic (PBS) bands in the prepared blends. Morphology study of the electrospun membranes using a scanning electron microscope revealed that the quality of the fibers is improved significantly by increasing the amount of PBS in the blend solution. Moreover, continuous and more homogenous fibers are produced by increasing the ratio of PBS to 2%. The efficiency of the prepared membranes in dye removal was tested using methylene blue. The effects of different parameters such as, pH, contact time, temperature, and dye concentration have been studied. Also, kinetic and adsorption isotherm models as well as the durability of the prepared membranes were investigated. The membrane prepared from PSS/1% PBS demonstrated the highest dye uptake (846 mol) with good regeneration efficiency. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and fits the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The values of activation energy for the adsorption process are 36.98, 30.70, and 43.40 kJ/mol over PSS, PSS/1% PBS and PSS/2% PBS, respectively.
A comprehensive analysis of the role of QPRT in breast cancer
Authors: Yan Yiqing , Li Lun , Wang Zixin , Pang Jian , Guan Xinyu , Yuan Yunchang , Xia Zhenkun , Yi Wenjun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo explore the clinical role of QPRT in breast cancer. The gene expression, methylation levels and prognostic value of QPRT in breast cancer was analyzed using TCGA data. Validation was performed using the data from GEO dataset and TNMPLOT database. Meta analysis method was used to pool the survival data for QPRT. The predictive values of QPRT for different drugs were retrieved from the ROC plot. The expression differences of QPRT in acquired drug-resistant and sensitive cell lines were analyzed using GEO datasets. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were conducted for those genes which were highly co-expressed with QPRT in tissue based on TCGA data and which changed after QPRT knockdown. Timer2.0 was utilized to explore the correlation between QPRT and immune cells infiltration, and the Human Protein Atlas was used to analyse QPRT’s single-cell sequencing data across different human tissues. The expression of QPRT in different types of macrophages, and the expression of QPRT were analysed after coculturing HER2+ breast cancer cells with macrophages. Additionally, TargetScan, Comparative Toxicogenomics and the connectivity map were used to research miRNAs and drugs that could regulate QPRT expression. Cytoscape was used to map the interaction networks between QPRT and other proteins. QPRT was highly expressed in breast cancer tissue and highly expressed in HER2+ breast cancer patients (P < 0.01). High QPRT expression levels were associated with worse OS, DMFS, and RFS (P < 0.01). Two sites (cg02640602 and cg06453916) were found to be potential regulators of breast cancer (P < 0.01). QPRT might predict survival benefits in breast cancer patients who received taxane or anthracycline. QPRT was associated with tumour immunity, especially in macrophages. QPRT may influence the occurrence and progression of breast cancer through the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway, and cell cycle-related molecules.
Discovery and characterisation of socially polarised communities on social media
Authors: Alvarez-Galvez Javier , Cruz Fermin L. , Troyano Jose A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSocial polarisation processes have become a central phenomenon for the explanation of population behavioural dynamics in today's societies. Although recent works offer solutions for the detection of polarised political communities in social media, there is still a lack of works that allow an adequate characterization of the specific topics on which these divides between social groups are articulated. Our study aims to discover and characterise antagonistic communities on Twitter based on a method that combines the identification of authorities and textual classifiers around three public debates that have recently produced major controversies: (1) vaccination; (2) climate change; and (3) abortion. The proposed method allows the capture of polarised communities with little effort, requiring only the selection of some terms that characterise the topic and some initial authorities. Our findings show that the processes of social polarisation can vary considerably depending on the subject on which the debates are articulated. Specifically, polarisation manifests more prominently in the realms of vaccination and abortion, whereas this divide is less apparent in the context of climate change.
Heatwave resilience of juvenile white sturgeon is associated with epigenetic and transcriptional alterations
Authors: Earhart Madison L. , Blanchard Tessa S. , Strowbridge Nicholas , Sheena Ravinder , McMaster Clark , Staples Benjamin , Brauner Colin J. , Baker Daniel W. , Schulte Patricia M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHeatwaves are increasing in frequency and severity, posing a significant threat to organisms globally. In aquatic environments heatwaves are often associated with low environmental oxygen, which is a deadly combination for fish. However, surprisingly little is known about the capacity of fishes to withstand these interacting stressors. This issue is particularly critical for species of extreme conservation concern such as sturgeon. We assessed the tolerance of juvenile white sturgeon from an endangered population to heatwave exposure and investigated how this exposure affects tolerance to additional acute stressors. We measured whole-animal thermal and hypoxic performance and underlying epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms. Sturgeon exposed to a simulated heatwave had increased thermal tolerance and exhibited complete compensation for the effects of acute hypoxia. These changes were associated with an increase in mRNA levels involved in thermal and hypoxic stress (hsp90a, hsp90b, hsp70 and hif1a) following these stressors. Global DNA methylation was sensitive to heatwave exposure and rapidly responded to acute thermal and hypoxia stress over the course of an hour. These data demonstrate that juvenile white sturgeon exhibit substantial resilience to heatwaves, associated with improved cross-tolerance to additional acute stressors and involving rapid responses in both epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms.
Enhancing scientific transparency in national CO2 emissions reports via satellite-based a posteriori estimates
Authors: Watanabe Masataka , Oba Akihiro , Saito Yoko , Purevjav Gomboluudev , Gankhuyag Batjargal , Byamba-Ochir Munkhbat , Zamba Batjargal , Shishime Tomohiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiennial Update Reports (BURs) are essential requirements from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). However, many non-Annex I countries have not submitted these reports due to difficulties in compiling the inventories. We developed a satellite-based method for the top-down inverse estimation of CO2emissions using partial-column data in the lower troposphere obtained by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite, adopted to validate the Mongolian 2ndBUR (BUR2) for the energy sector in 2018. The estimated CO2emissions were only 1.5% higher than those reported in the BUR2; these were also very close (4.2% smaller) to estimates from the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research. Mongolia is the first country to introduce an independent inverse estimate in its BUR, thereby increasing scientific transparency. Our method could be applied into other countries and could be incorporated into UNFCCC reporting guidelines, significantly improving global CO2emission estimates.
Submarine optical fiber communication provides an unrealized deep-sea observation network
Authors: Guo Yujian , Marin Juan M. , Ashry Islam , Trichili Abderrahmen , Havlik Michelle-Nicole , Ng Tien Khee , Duarte Carlos M. , Ooi Boon S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOceans are crucial to human survival, providing natural resources and most of the global oxygen supply, and are responsible for a large portion of worldwide economic development. Although it is widely considered a silent world, the sea is filled with natural sounds generated by marine life and geological processes. Man-made underwater sounds, such as active sonars, maritime traffic, and offshore oil and mineral exploration, have significantly affected underwater soundscapes and species. In this work, we report on a joint optical fiber-based communication and sensing technology aiming to reduce noise pollution in the sea while providing connectivity simultaneously with a variety of underwater applications. The designed multifunctional fiber-based system enables two-way data transfer, monitoring marine life and ship movement near the deployed fiber at the sea bottom and sensing temperature. The deployed fiber is equally harnessed to transfer energy that the internet of underwater things (IoUTs) devices can harvest. The reported approach significantly reduces the costs and effects of monitoring marine ecosystems while ensuring data transfer and ocean monitoring applications and providing continuous power for submerged IoUT devices.
Dandelion flower-fabricated Ag nanoparticles versus synthetic ones with characterization and determination of photocatalytic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities
Authors: Yousefzadeh-Valendeh Soheil , Fattahi Mohammad , Asghari Behvar , Alizadeh Zeinab 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the present work, Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated through the dandelion flower hydroalcoholic extract, and their properties were characterized by FTIR, XRD, UV visible, SEM, and EDX. The results demonstrated that the average diameter of the green fabricated AgNPs is 45–55 nm (G-AgNPs). The antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and photocatalytic properties of G-AgNPs were compared with two commercially available different diameter sizes (20 and 80–100 nm) of AgNPs (C-AgNPs1- and C-AgNPs2, respectively). The sample's capacity for antioxidants was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging method. The consequences showed that G-AgNPs have higher radical scavenging activity (47.8%) than C-AgNPs2 (39.49%) and C-AgNPs1 (33.91%). To investigate the photocatalytic property, methylene blue dye was used. The results displayed that G-AgNPs is an effective photo-catalyst compared to C-AgNPs2 and C-AgNPs1, which respectively have an inhibition potential of 75.22, 51.94, and 56.65%. Also, the antimicrobial capacity of nanoparticles was assayed against, the gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results indicated that G-AgNPs could effectively inhibit the growth of both bacteria, compared to C-AgNPs1 and C-AgNPs2. Finally, G-AgNPs exhibited a considerable α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory effect (88.37%) in comparison with C-AgNPs1 (61.7%) and C-AgNPs2 (50.5%).
Validation of deep learning-based CT image reconstruction for treatment planning
Authors: Yasui Keisuke , Saito Yasunori , Ito Azumi , Douwaki Momoka , Ogawa Shuta , Kasugai Yuri , Ooe Hiromu , Nagake Yuya , Hayashi Naoki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeep learning-based CT image reconstruction (DLR) is a state-of-the-art method for obtaining CT images. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of DLR in radiotherapy. Data were acquired using a large-bore CT system and an electron density phantom for radiotherapy. We compared the CT values, image noise, and CT value-to-electron density conversion table of DLR and hybrid iterative reconstruction (H-IR) for various doses. Further, we evaluated three DLR reconstruction strength patterns (Mild, Standard, and Strong). The variations of CT values of DLR and H-IR were large at low doses, and the difference in average CT values was insignificant with less than 10 HU at doses of 100 mAs and above. DLR showed less change in CT values and smaller image noise relative to H-IR. The noise-reduction effect was particularly large in the low-dose region. The difference in image noise between DLR Mild and Standard/Strong was large, suggesting the usefulness of reconstruction intensities higher than Mild. DLR showed stable CT values and low image noise for various materials, even at low doses; particularly for Standard or Strong, the reduction in image noise was significant. These findings indicate the usefulness of DLR in treatment planning using large-bore CT systems.
Function and phylogeny support the independent evolution of an ASIC-like Deg/ENaC channel in the Placozoa
Authors: Elkhatib Wassim , Yanez-Guerra Luis A. , Mayorova Tatiana D. , Currie Mark A. , Singh Anhadvir , Perera Maria , Gauberg Julia , Senatore Adriano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractASIC channels are bilaterian proton-gated sodium channels belonging to the large and functionally-diverse Deg/ENaC family that also includes peptide- and mechanically-gated channels. Here, we report that the non-bilaterian invertebrate Trichoplax adhaerens possesses a proton-activated Deg/ENaC channel, TadNaC2, with a unique combination of biophysical features including tachyphylaxis like ASIC1a, reduced proton sensitivity like ASIC2a, biphasic macroscopic currents like ASIC3, as well as low sensitivity to the Deg/ENaC channel blocker amiloride and Ca2+ ions. Structural modeling and mutation analyses reveal that TadNaC2 proton gating is different from ASIC channels, lacking key molecular determinants, and involving unique residues within the palm and finger regions. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that a monophyletic clade of T. adhaerens Deg/ENaC channels, which includes TadNaC2, is phylogenetically distinct from ASIC channels, instead forming a clade with BASIC channels. Altogether, this work suggests that ASIC-like channels evolved independently in T. adhaerens and its phylum Placozoa. Our phylogenetic analysis also identifies several clades of uncharacterized metazoan Deg/ENaC channels, and provides phylogenetic evidence for the existence of Deg/ENaC channels outside of Metazoa, present in the gene data of select unicellular heterokont and filasterea-related species.
Metabolite interactions in the bacterial Calvin cycle and implications for flux regulation
Authors: Sporre Emil , Karlsen Jan , Schriever Karen , Asplund-Samuelsson Johannes , Janasch Markus , Strandberg Linnéa , Karlsson Anna , Kotol David , Zeckey Luise , Piazza Ilaria , Syrén Per-Olof , Edfors Fredrik , Hudson Elton P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetabolite-level regulation of enzyme activity is important for microbes to cope with environmental shifts. Knowledge of such regulations can also guide strain engineering for biotechnology. Here we apply limited proteolysis-small molecule mapping (LiP-SMap) to identify and compare metabolite-protein interactions in the proteomes of two cyanobacteria and two lithoautotrophic bacteria that fix CO2 using the Calvin cycle. Clustering analysis of the hundreds of detected interactions shows that some metabolites interact in a species-specific manner. We estimate that approximately 35% of interacting metabolites affect enzyme activity in vitro, and the effect is often minor. Using LiP-SMap data as a guide, we find that the Calvin cycle intermediate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate enhances activity of fructose-1,6/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (F/SBPase) from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Cupriavidus necator in reducing conditions, suggesting a convergent feed-forward activation of the cycle. In oxidizing conditions, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate inhibits Synechocystis F/SBPase by promoting enzyme aggregation. In contrast, the glycolytic intermediate glucose-6-phosphate activates F/SBPase from Cupriavidus necator but not F/SBPase from Synechocystis. Thus, metabolite-level regulation of the Calvin cycle is more prevalent than previously appreciated.
A narrow-bandgap non-fullerene acceptor constructed with an S,N-heteroacene up to a dodecamer in size
Authors: Guo Jiaxin , Jia Xinyuan , Cao Xiangjian , He Tengfei , Liang Huazhe , Shi Wendi , Xu Zheng , Wang Ruohan , Guo Yaxiao , Yao Zhaoyang , Wan Xiangjian , Long Guankui , Li Chenxi , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: September 2023

Two exotic non-fullerene acceptors (JX1 and JX2) were effectively developed. The better performance of JX2 with its dodecameric S,N-heteroacene can provide a promising molecular platform for achieving efficient OSCs with near-infrared-II absorption.
Objective and Subjective Clustering Methods for Verb Fluency Responses From Individuals With Alzheimer's Dementia and Cognitively Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Fisher Madison N. , Casenhiser Devin M. , Paek Eun Jin 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
The verb fluency task has been researched using a variety of analysis methods and shown its sensitivity to declines in executive functioning and lexical retrieval abilities in various neurogenic populations. Few studies to date, however, have analyzed clusters and switches in the task, and there is a lack of robust analysis methods that preclude subjectivity and potential rater bias. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability when using subjective clustering methods and to determine the feasibility of using an objective clustering method to determine verb fluency performance in individuals with Alzheimer's dementia (IwDs) and cognitively healthy older adults (CHOAs).

Method:
Responses from a verb fluency task were obtained from IwDs and CHOAs. Group differences were examined using an objective clustering method for multiple variables regarding clustering and switching. We also calculated the intrarater, interrater, and intermethod reliability using intraclass coefficients.

Results:
Significant group differences were found when utilizing the objective clustering method in all variables except the average cluster size, with IwDs performing poorer than CHOAs. Intrarater reliability was excellent. Interrater reliability between two authors and intermethod reliability between the objective and subjective methods were variable ranging from moderate to good.

Conclusions:
The results from using the objective clustering method in this study are consistent with the previous literature, making it a viable option for clustering analyses on the verb fluency task, which naturally minimizes subjectivity and rater bias. Alternatively, employing a thoroughly validated and reliable subjective approach can also mitigate potential rater bias and improve replicability across studies.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24061017
Activated Clotting Times versus Protocol Anticoagulation Management
Authors: Dearing James P. , Bartles David M. , Stroud Martha R. , Sade Robert M. 
Published: September 2023

This study compares the management of heparin and protamine administration during cardiopulmonary bypass by a protocol assuming a constant heparin degradation rate with management by an activated coagulation time dose-response method.
The charts of 648 adult patients operated on between January 1975 and December 31, 1980, were reviewed. In Group I patients, heparin was administered at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg of body weight and supplemented by 50% of the loading dose at 2 hours and 25% each hour thereafter. Protamine was administered on a 1:1 basis according to an assumed heparin degradation rate of 0.4% per minute. In Group II patients, heparin and protamine doses were based upon activated coagulation time dose-response curves.
Data extracted from the charts included blood loss and replacement data, heparin and protamine doses, and coagulation profiles. The data from the two groups were compared and analyzed.
Group II patients received more heparin, but less protamine, had more complete heparin reversal, less post-operative bleeding, and required less blood or blood product replacement.
Gaseous Emboli Removal Efficiency in Arterial Screen Filters: A Comparative Study
Authors: Massimino R. J. , Gough J. D. , Stearns G. T. , Martin J. 
Published: September 2023

Seven commercially available arterial filters were evaluated for their effectiveness in removing gaseous emboli produced by various sources. All filters were of the screen type and ranged from 20–40 micron pore size.
The first phase of the study consisted of an appraisal of carbon dioxide flushing to facilitate priming. Two filters of each type were used. The first filter was primed without a carbon dioxide flush. The second filter was flushed with carbon dioxide.
Immediately after priming, microemboli were monitored distal to the filters for 10 minutes at 6 L/Min.
In the second phase each filter’s capability of removing gaseous emboli when used in conjunction with a bubble oxygenator was evaluated. Microemboli were alternately monitored pre and post filter at fluid flow rates ranging from I to 6 L/Min. At each liter of fluid flow rate the gas:fluid ratio was varied from 1:1 to 3:1.
In the third phase of the study, the efficacy of each filter in removing varying amounts of room air was evaluated. Boluses of room air ranging from 1 to 50 cc. were injected proximal to the filter with microembolism monitoring distally. Injections were made at flow rates ranging from 1 to 6 L/Min.
Although carbon dioxide flushing does facilitate priming the filters, it does not reduce microemboli counts distally. Gaseous emboli removal rates ranged from 69.6 to 100% when used in conjunction with a bubble oxygenator. Air emboli activity distal to the filter after air injections ranged from 0 to 91,000 counts/L of fluid flow.