bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entropy of Local Homeomorphisms With Applications to Infinite Alphabet Shift Spaces
Authors: Gonçalves Daniel , Royer Danilo , Augusto Tasca Felipe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce topological entropy for dynamical systems generated by a single local homeomorphism (Deaconu–Renault systems). More precisely, we generalize Adler, Konheim, and McAndrew’s definition of entropy via covers and Bowen’s definition of entropy via separated sets. We propose a definition of factor map between Deaconu–Renault systems and show that entropy (via separated sets) always decreases under uniformly continuous factor maps. Since the variational principle does not hold in the full generality of our setting, we show that the proposed entropy via covers is a lower bound to the proposed entropy via separated sets. Finally, we compute entropy for infinite graphs (and ultragraphs) and compare it with the entropy of infinite graphs defined by Gurevich.
Compliance and illiteracy when treating tuberculosis
Authors: Sveinbjornsdottir Gudlaug Maria , Kamowa Dina , Katundu Precious Ngwalero , Gizurarson Sveinbjorn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one-fourth of the worlds' population was infected with tuberculosis (TB) in 2017. It is estimated that globally, more than 1 billion woken are infected with TB. The treatment of TB is limited to follow the treatment schedule. A small pause in taking the meds, forgetting the meds for a day or two etc will result in relapse of the disease. Unfortunately, illiteracy is associated with poor compliance and understanding of the importance of following the treatment protocol. In 2015, it was estimated that about 11% of the world’s population over 15 y were illiterate. Where two-thirds were women. This is even worse in sub-Saharan Africa, where 34.7% of all adults above 15 y were illiterate in 2019.
Spotted cucumber beetle/southern corn rootworm: profile of a polyphagous native pest
Authors: Haber Ariela I , Bekelja Kyle , Huseth Anders S , Buntin G David , Musser Fred , Ramirez Bonilla Jasmin P , Taylor Sally V , Wilczek Daniel , Grettenberger Ian M , Weber Donald C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a North American native leaf beetle species also known as southern corn rootworm (SCRW), is a polyphagous pest of various crops including cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae), corn (Zea mays), soybeans (Glycine max), snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas). Larvae are below-ground pests of corn, sorghum (Sorghum spp.), peanut, and sweetpotato. Adult damage impacts cucurbits by damage to seedlings and fruit and transmission of bacterial wilt (causal agent Erwinia tracheiphila) by eastern populations. Adult feeding also damages fresh market beans and occasionally leafy and fruiting vegetables. Damage on many other crops such as field soybeans, dry beans, and sorghum, is often cosmetic and/or inconsequential. Adults overwinter in mild climates and spread seasonally northward, with multiple generations and populations increasing into the late summer. Diverse natural enemies attack all stages, but their ecology and impact are poorly known, particularly below ground. A female-produced sex pheromone and floral volatiles are known attractants, and cucurbitacins (bitter phytochemicals) are feeding stimulants, offering potential selective behavioral control. Management practices are directed against pest complexes, including other below- and above-ground pests, depending on the crop. Chemical controls are soil-applied for protection from root-feeding larvae, systemic seed treatments for early-state crop feeding, and broadcast application in fruiting cucurbits and beans. Action thresholds and monitoring are not well developed. Cultural controls include field and cultivar choice, row covers in high-value crops, and available crop resistance. The wide host range, abundance, and mobility of adults make prediction and monitoring challenging.
Civil Liberties in a Lockdown: The Case of COVID-19
Authors: Director Samuel , Freiman Christopher 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In response to the spread of COVID-19, governments across the world, with very few exceptions, have enacted sweeping restrictive lockdown policies that impede citizens’ freedom to move, work, and assemble. This paper critically responds to the central arguments for restrictive lockdown legislation. We build our critique on the following assumption: public policy that enjoys virtually unanimous support worldwide should be justified by uncontroversial moral principles. We argue that the virtually unanimous support in favor of restrictive lockdowns is not adequately justified by the arguments given in favor of them. Importantly, this is not to say that states ought not impose restrictive lockdown measures, but rather that the extent of the acceptance of these measures is not proportionate to the strength of the arguments for lockdowns.
The Untapped Power of Health and Wellness Coaching
Authors: Howard Kelly , Gantt Cynthia J , Grimsgaard Noyes Sara , Franzos M Alaric 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has launched an organization-wide transformation to a Whole Health System of Care, which relies heavily on Health and Wellness Coaching. A brief history and overview of Health and Wellness Coaching, in general, is provided, along with specific developments within VA, selected evaluation results, and coordination to date with the Department of Defense. As VA’s Whole Health transformation reaches maturity, there is an opportunity to adopt VA’s Health and Wellness Coaching approach into the Department of Defense’s Total Force Fitness efforts with integration at the unit level.
Force Health Protection Education: A Pilot Approach to Applying Military Frameworks to Service Member Health Education
Authors: Dardia Geoffrey P , Stepanenko Bryan A , Logan Christi M , Givens Melissa 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Ensuring Force Health Protection (FHP) is one of the most critical priorities in the DoD; however, there is no systematic approach for individual service members to address their own FHP. This paper outlines the FHP Education workshop, a model program fielded at 3rd Special Forces Group, Fort Bragg, NC, which applies military processes, principles, and frameworks to teaching special operations forces operators and enablers how to address their own FHP by identifying and mitigating threats to health and performance in the military operational environment. The FHP Education workshop has the potential to be a well-received and impactful program that offers a proactive, whole of person, community-based preventive system aligned with the Total Force Fitness framework to enable individual service members to conduct FHP.
Bridging Total Force Fitness and Whole Health in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Authors: Van Arsdale Stephanie , Cooper Vaughn , Bernhardt Jaime S , Barrientos Stephanie , Messina Lauren A , Gandhi Sabina , Ferry Linda Hyder , Shell Donald , Deuster Patricia A 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Prevention project is a VA–DoD initiative, supported by the Joint Incentive Fund. The goal of the project is to create an innovative, 3D virtual space within the VA-Virtual Medical Center (VA-VMC) platform that provides Veterans and Active Duty Service Members with educational resources on the prevention of CVD.

Materials and Methods
The Performance Health and Wellness Center is a new center within the VA-VMC. The space enables users to explore information and actionable resources on various risk factors related to CVD through independent and provider-led instruction, using a personalized 3D avatar.

Results
Partners of DoD and VA envision users engaging with the learning resources securely and with a sense of anonymity, which can foster self-directed learning and healthy behavior change. The DoD is particularly invested in promoting CVD prevention through the early adoption of positive health behaviors and the Total Force Fitness framework. The VA team is also committed to supporting users by providing professionally led classes and support groups on various CVD risk factors like tobacco, diabetes, nutrition, and exercise.

Conclusions
This project is a unique and important collaboration during a time when telehealth and telemedicine services are in greater demand. The VA-VMC advances accessible, relevant, and evidence-based educational services for DoD and VA populations, and the Performance Health and Wellness Center, itself, presents Total Force Fitness concepts and a whole-person care approach while encouraging users to be actively involved in shared decision-making with their health care providers.
Total Force Fitness Education: A Critical Enabler of Human Performance Optimization
Authors: Messina Lauren A , Park Gloria H 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Military health education has historically been focused on conveying the consequences of risky behaviors, informing about external resources, and addressing disease through mitigation and prevention. Total Force Fitness (TFF) and Human Performance Optimization (HPO) provide a broad and holistic framework for preventing health issues and bolstering performance. The Consortium for Health and Military Performance convened a workgroup at the TFF Summit in 2021 to discuss the current state of TFF/HPO in military health education efforts and to identify areas for improvement.

Methods
An education workgroup of 42 attendees gathered to discuss the current state of TFF/HPO-based health education in the military. Four questions were posed to all members for discussion. Notes were taken and consolidated to obtain feedback and promote discussion from the attendees in a larger audience at the TFF Summit.

Results and Discussion
The education workgroup identified several education formats, goals, initiatives, and opportunities for improving the development and dissemination of TFF/HPO-based health education throughout the Services. Workgroup members reached a consensus on health education formats (development, dissemination, and audience) and that the primary goal of education is knowledge dissemination and increasing awareness. They also identified several stellar examples of existing TFF/HPO initiatives and explored how health education can increase impact and be more sustainable. The workgroup outcomes were shared with the TFF Summit audience to generate further discussion and to outline action items. Seven action items were identified to improve the development and dissemination of TFF/HPO resources and ensure productive and effective initiatives and programs throughout the Department of Defense.

Conclusions
The TFF Summit outlined several actionable items that would improve the development and dissemination of TFF/HPO-based health education throughout the Department of Defense’s initiatives and programs. A broader approach to military health education that uses a TFF/HPO framework will directly impact the health and performance of the force. Ultimately, embedding TFF/HPO information into the fabric of military health education would shift the focus toward a holistic, proactive, preventive, and performance-based culture.
Partnerships to Facilitate Total Force Fitness
Authors: Franzos M. Alaric , Stiegmann Regan A 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Total force fitness (TFF) is a multi-domain framework designed to assess, promote, and sustain human performance optimization across a service member’s career arc. During the September 2021, TFF Summit sponsored by the Consortium for Health and Military Performance (CHAMP), a working group explored partnerships that could facilitate effective implementation and sustainment of TFF principles. Many potential partners were identified, both internal and external to the DoD. This report highlights some positions and organizations that provide the highest yield for successfully inculcating TFF across the services.
Flares from stars crossing active galactic nucleus discs on low-inclination orbits
Authors: Tagawa Hiromichi , Haiman Zoltán 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The origin of the recently discovered new class of transients, X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs), remains a puzzle. Due to their periodicity and association with active galactic nuclei (AGNs), it is natural to relate these eruptions to stars or compact objects in tight orbits around supermassive black holes (SMBHs). In this paper, we predict the properties of emission from bow shocks produced by stars crossing AGN discs, and compare them to the observed properties of QPEs. We find that when a star’s orbit is retrograde and has a low inclination (≲40°) with respect to the AGN disc and the star is massive (≳10 M⊙), the breakout emission from the bow shock can explain the observed duration (∼hours) and X-ray luminosity (∼few × 1042 erg s−1) of QPEs. This model can further explain various observed features of QPEs, such as their complex luminosity evolution, the gradual decline of luminosity of the flares over several years, the evolution of the hardness ratio, the modulation of the luminosity during quiescent phases, and the preference of the central SMBHs to have low masses.
A model of failed solar eruption initiated and destructed by magnetic reconnection
Authors: Jiang Chaowei , Duan Aiying , Zou Peng , Zhou Zhenjun , Bian Xinkai , Feng Xueshang , Zuo Pingbing , Wang Yi 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Solar eruptions are explosive disruption of coronal magnetic fields, and often launch coronal mass ejections into the interplanetary space. Intriguingly, many solar eruptions fail to escape from the Sun, and the prevailing theory for such failed eruption is based on ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities of magnetic flux rope (MFR); that is, an MFR runs into kink instability and erupts but cannot reach the height for torus instability. Here, based on numerical MHD simulation, we present a new model of failed eruption in which magnetic reconnection plays a leading role in the initiation and failure of the eruption. Initially, a core bipolar potential field is embedded in a background bipolar field, and by applying shearing and converging motions to the core field, a current sheet is formed within the core field. Then, tether-cutting reconnection is triggered at the current sheet, first slow for a while and becoming fast, driving an erupting MFR. Eventually, the rise of MFR is halted by the downward magnetic tension force of the overlying field, although the MFR apex has well exceeded the critical height of torus instability. More importantly, during the rise of the MFR, it experiences a significant rotation around the vertical axis (with a direction contrary to that predicted by kink instability), rendering the field direction at the rope apex almost inverse to the overlying field. As a result, a strong current sheet is formed between the MFR and the overlying flux, and reconnection occurring in this current sheet ruins completely the MFR.
Colliding winds in WR21 and WR31 – I. The X-ray view
Authors: Nazé Yaël , Rauw Gregor , Johnson Rachel , Gosset Eric , Hoffman Jennifer L 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
WR21 and WR31 are two WR + O binaries with short periods, quite similar to the case of V444 Cyg. The XMM-Newton observatory has monitored these two objects and clearly revealed phase-locked variations as expected from colliding winds. The changes are maximum in the soft band (0.5–2.0 keV, variations by a factor 3–4) where they are intrinsically linked to absorption effects. The increase in absorption due to the dense WR wind is confirmed by the spectral analysis. The flux maximum is however not detected exactly at conjunction with the O star in front but slightly afterwards, suggesting Coriolis deflection of the collision zone as in V444 Cyg. In the hard band (2–10 keV), the variations (by a factor of 1.5–2.0) are much more limited. Because of the lower orbital inclinations, eclipses as observed for V444 Cyg are not detected in these systems.
Advances in diagnosis and prediction for aggression of pure solid T1 lung cancer
Authors: Mu Junhao , Huang Jing , Ao Min , Li Weiyi , Jiang Li , Yang Li 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A growing number of early-stage lung cancers presenting as malignant pulmonary nodules have been diagnosed because of the increased adoption of low-dose spiral computed tomography. But pure solid T1 lung cancer with ≤3 cm in the greatest dimension is not always at an early stage, despite its small size. This type of cancer can be highly aggressive and is associated with pathological involvement, metastasis, postoperative relapse, and even death. However, it is easily misdiagnosed or delay diagnosed in clinics and thus poses a serious threat to human health. The percentage of nodal or extrathoracic metastases has been reported to be &gt;20% in T1 lung cancer. As such, understanding and identifying the aggressive characteristics of pure solid T1 lung cancer is crucial for prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies, and beneficial to improving the prognosis. With the widespread of lung cancer screening, these highly invasive pure solid T1 lung cancer will become the main advanced lung cancer in future. However, there is limited information regarding precision medicine on how to identify these “early-stage” aggressive lung cancers. To provide clinicians with new insights into early recognition and intervention of the highly invasive pure solid T1 lung cancer, this review summarizes its clinical characteristics, imaging, pathology, gene alterations, immune microenvironment, multi-omics, and current techniques for diagnosis and prediction.
The value of shear wave elastography in diagnosis and assessment of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Cai Ruyi , Lin Zhuohua , Xu Dan , Sun Yang , Cui Ligang , Mu Rong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim was to determine the efficacy of shear wave elastography (SWE) in assessing skin stiffness and aiding in the diagnosis of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods
A total of 66 patients with SSc, 100 healthy individuals and 27 patients with SSc-like disorders were included. SWE was performed at 17 modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) measurement sites. The correlation between SWE and clinical profiles was assessed, and the diagnostic value of SSc was explored.

Results
The SWE values at all 17 mRSS sites were significantly higher in SSc than in the healthy group [54.95 (45.95, 66.55) vs 41.10 (39.18, 45.45) m/s, P &lt; 0.001]. For clinically uninvolved sites (mRSS = 0) of patients with SSc, 11 of 17 sites showed significantly higher SWE values compared with healthy controls. SWE was positively correlated with total mRSS (r = 0.783, P &lt; 0.001), the European Scleroderma Study Group disease activity index (r = 0.707, P &lt; 0.001) and histological collagen deposition (r = 0.749, P = 0.013). SWE effectively distinguished patients with SSc from patients with SSc-like disorders (area under the curve, AUC = 0.819). Use of SWE-detected skin sclerosis showed a significantly higher sensitivity compared with 1980 ACR criteria [0.818 (95% CI 0.709, 0.893) vs 0.727 (95% CI 0.610, 0.820), P = 0.031].

Conclusion
SWE correlates well with disease activity and collagen deposition in the skin, provides greater reliability than mRSS and aids in the diagnosis of SSc. SWE could be considered as a convenient and reliable quantitative tool for assessing skin sclerosis and disease progression in SSc.
Discrimination in Hiring: Evidence from Retail Sales
Authors: Benson Alan , Board Simon , Meyer-ter-Vehn Moritz 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We propose a simple model of racial bias in hiring that encompasses three major theories: taste-based discrimination, screening discrimination, and complementary production. We derive a test that can distinguish these theories based on the mean and variance of workers’ productivity under managers of different pairs of races. We apply this test to study discrimination at a major U.S. retailer using data from 48,755 newly hired commission-based salespeople. White, black, and Hispanic managers within the same store are significantly more likely to hire workers of their own race, consistent with all three theories. For black–Hispanic pairs, productivity variance is lower for same-race pairs than cross-race pairs, implying that screening discrimination dominates. For white–Hispanic pairs, mean productivity is higher for same-race pairs, indicating a combination of screening discrimination and complementary production. For white–black pairs, biased hiring implies the presence of discrimination, but productivity results suggest the effects of the three forms of discrimination offset one another.
Abstract 7 2023 Update: Development of COVID-19 Therapies from Birthing Tissues and Cord Blood
Authors: Verter Frances , Couto Pedro Silva 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The Coronavirus pandemic presents a fleeting opportunity to evaluate the safety and efficacy of advanced cell therapy products, such as Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs), against a virus that attacks multiple organs and causes respiratory distress. With the pandemic winding down, there is a limited amount of clinical data to analyze.

Objectives
We ask whether perinatal sources of cells have played a significant role in clinical applications of cell therapy for COVID-19?

Methods
We are the only research group that is performing worldwide tracking of both clinical trials of advanced cell therapy for COVID-19 as well as the reported outcomes of those trials. Our methods were published in Couto et al. 2023 DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200180/

Results
We identified 207 advanced cell therapy trials for COVID-19 through the end of 2022, where 41% employed perinatal cells (sometimes multiple types). We also identified publications from those trials through April 2023, finding 43, where 25 employ perinatal MSCs, 10 employ MSCs from other sources, and 8 are cellular immunotherapy (3 of them from perinatal sources). Thus far, 65% of the published trial outcomes rely on cells of perinatal origin. There are also 8 publications reporting on cell therapy of two or more COVID-19 patients treated under compassionate use programs, where 5 employ perinatal MSCs, 2 employ MSCs from other sources, and 1 employed MSCs of unknown origin. Figure 1 displays a timeline of trials and publications by month. Thus far, numbers of trials surged once and peaked in April 2020, whereas published reports have been appearing at a steady average rate of 1.3 publications per month.

Discussion
Couto et al. 2023 was the most complete meta-analysis to date of the efficacy of intravenous MSC as a therapy for COVID-19. Combining 24 studies, they found a relative risk reduction for all-cause COVID-19 mortality of RR=0.63 [95% C.I. 0.46; 0.85]. They also found that for the 18 studies employing perinatal MSCs, RR=0.75 [95% C.I. 0.54; 1.02]. Figure 1 represents the first step towards a sequel study where we will repeat the meta-analysis of MSC benefit for COVID-19 mortality with a bigger data set.

This figure displays a monthly timeline of advanced cell therapy for COVID-19 in three categories: clinical trials registered worldwide, published outcomes of those clinical trials, and published reports from compassionate use programs that covered two or more patients. The trials data runs over the 36 months Jan. 2020 – Dec. 2022, whereas the publications data runs over the 40 months Jan. 2020 – April 2023.