bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the effects of antimicrobial stewardship at primary emergency centers
Authors: Otake Shogo , Kusama Yoshiki , Tsuzuki Shinya , Myojin Shota , Kimura Makoto , Kamiyoshi Naohiro , Takumi Toru , Ishida Akihito , Kasai Masashi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial prescription rates tend to be high in outpatient settings and Primary Emergency Medical Centers (PECs) in Japan encounter difficulties in implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). While a nudge‐based ASP publishing monthly newsletters reduces inappropriate prescription of oral third‐generation cephalosporins (3GCs), which requires considerable effort. Therefore, developing more preferable ASP models in PECs is essential.MethodsWe conducted a three‐center, retrospective observational study. Himeji City Emergency Medical Center (Site A) introduced a facility‐specific guideline for antimicrobial stewardship with reference to national guidelines. The Kobe Children's Primary Emergency Medical Center (Site B) provided the results of monitoring antibiotics prescription in a monthly newsletter. The Hanshin‐Kita Children's First‐Aid Center (Site C) did not perform a specific ASP. Prescription rates for 3GCs were categorized into pre‐ and post‐intervention and compared using Poisson regression analysis. The difference‐in‐difference method was used to assess the effect of these interventions.ResultsThe numbers of patients pre‐ and post‐ intervention were 177,126 and 91,251, respectively. The 3GCs prescription rate at Site A, Site B, and Site C decreased from 6.7%, 4.2%, and 6.1% in 2016 to 2.3%, 1.0%, and 2.0% in 2019, respectively. Site B had a greater reduction than Site A and Site C (relative risk [RR] 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62–0.82]; p < 0.001, RR 0.71, [95% CI: 0.62–0.81]; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between Site A and Site C (RR 1.00 [95% CI 0.88–1.13]; p = 0.963).ConclusionA facility‐specific guideline was less effective than a nudge‐based ASP for decreasing oral 3GC prescriptions in PECs.
Current status of neonatal jaundice management in Japan
Authors: Honbe Kazuya , Hayakawa Masahiro , Morioka Ichiro , Arai Hiroshi , Maruo Yoshihiro , Kusaka Takashi , Kunikata Tetsuya , Iwatani Sota , Okumura Akihisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis nationwide survey aimed to determine the status of jaundice management in Japan.MethodsA questionnaire about bilirubin level measurements and neonatal jaundice treatment was sent to 330 institutions providing neonatal care. The responses were analyzed according to institution level.ResultsOf 330 institutions, 172 responded (52.1% response rate). Total bilirubin levels were measured in the central laboratory using spectrophotometry at 134 institutions and a blood gas analyzer at 81 institutions. Unbound bilirubin (UB) levels were measured by 79 institutions, while transcutaneous bilirubin measurements were taken at 63 institutions. There was no association between institution level and UB or transcutaneous bilirubin measurement. For phototherapy criteria, the Murata‐Imura criteria were adopted by 67 institutions, Nakamura criteria by 36, and Morioka criteria by 39. Light‐emitting diodes (LED) were used by 160 institutions versus fluorescent lights by 31. When a blue LED was used, 119 institutions used the high mode. There is no standard for increasing light intensity. No association was found between institution level and phototherapy criteria. UB was measured in 14 of 63 institutions using the Murata‐Imura criteria.ConclusionsThere is a large variation in the management and treatment of neonatal jaundice among institutes in Japan.
Adaptive abilities
Authors: Mayr Erasmus , Vetter Barbara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAbilities, in contrast to mere dispositions, propensities, or tendencies, abilities seem to be features of agents that put the agent herself in control. But what is the distinguishing feature of abilities vis‐à‐vis other kinds of powers? Our aim in this paper is to point, in answer to this question, to a crucial feature of abilities that existing accounts have tended to neglect: their adaptivity. Adaptivity is a feature of how abilities are exercised. The main reason for its relative neglect has been that most extant accounts have focused solely on whether abilities are exercised successfully in certain possible situations and have mostly understood the exercise of an ability in terms of complete successful performance. We begin by pointing out two aspects of abilities with regard to which current accounts seem (at best) incomplete: control and exercise. We then introduce adaptivity as we understand it, and end by putting it to work in developing a fuller understanding of abilities that does better than current accounts.
Silencing ZmPP2C‐A10 with a foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV) derived vector benefits maize growth and development following water limitation
Authors: Nihranz C. T. , Guzchenko I. A. , Casteel C. L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Global climate change is causing more frequent and severe droughts, which can have negative impacts on plant growth and crop productivity. Under drought conditions, plants produce the hormone ABA (abscisic acid), which regulates adaptive responses, such as stomatal closure and root elongation. Plant viruses have been used in the lab to convey new traits to plants and could also be used to increase production of ABA or to enhance downstream plant drought resistance responses.
In this study, foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV) was used to silence ZmPP2C‐A10, a negative regulator of ABA signalling, in maize (Zea mays L.). Both silenced and control plants were exposed to an 8‐day drought treatment, followed by a 30‐day period of rewatering, after which indicators of drought resistance were measured.
After drought treatment, we observed a nearly twofold increase in expression of a stress‐mitigation gene, ZmRAB17, reduced chlorophyll fluorescence changes (indicator of stress), and increased plant biomass and development in the ZmPP2C‐A10‐silenced maize compared to controls.
These results demonstrate that the FoMV system can be used to silence endogenous expression of ZmPP2C‐A10 and increase maize tolerance to drought. This could offer a useful tool to improve crop traits and reduce yield loss during the growing season.
Paternal and maternal birthweight and offspring risk of macrosomia at term gestations: A nationwide population study
Authors: Rasmussen Svein , Carlsen Ellen Øen , Linde Lorentz Erland , Morken Nils‐Halvdan , Håberg Siri Eldevik , Ebbing Cathrine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of data on whether parents' macrosomia (birthweight ≥4500 g) status influences the risk of macrosomia in the offspring. The role of maternal overweight in the generational effect of macrosomia is not known.ObjectiveTo estimate the risk of macrosomia by parental birthweight at term and evaluate if this risk varied with maternal body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) early in pregnancy.MethodsWe used data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway on all singleton term births (37–42 gestational weeks) during 1967–2017. The primary exposure was parental macrosomia, and the outcome was macrosomia in the second generation. The secondary exposure was maternal BMI. We used binomial regression to calculate relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval. We assessed potential unmeasured confounding and selection bias using a probabilistic bias analysis and performed analyses with and without imputation for variables with missing values.ResultsThe data included 647,957 singleton parent‐offspring trios born at term. The prevalence of macrosomia was 3.2% (n = 41,396) in the parental generation and 4.0% (n = 25,673) in the offspring generation. Macrosomia in parents was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia in offspring, with the RR for both parents were born macrosomic being 6.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.31, 8.05), only mother macrosomic 3.37 (95% CI 3.17, 3.57) and only father macrosomic RR 2.22 (95% CI 2.12, 2.33). These risks increased by maternal BMI in early pregnancy: if both parents were born macrosomic, 17% of infants were macrosomic among mothers with normal BMI. If both parents were macrosomic and the mothers were obese, 31% of offspring were macrosomic. Macrosomia‐related adverse outcomes did not differ with parental macrosomia status.ConclusionsParents' weight at birth and maternal BMI appear to be strongly associated with macrosomia in the offspring delivered at term gestations.
Osteoinduction and osteoimmunology: Emerging concepts
Authors: Miron Richard J. , Bohner Marc , Zhang Yufeng , Bosshardt Dieter D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe recognition and importance of immune cells during bone regeneration, including around bone biomaterials, has led to the development of an entire field termed “osteoimmunology,” which focuses on the connection and interplay between the skeletal system and immune cells. Most studies have focused on the “osteogenic” capacity of various types of bone biomaterials, and much less focus has been placed on immune cells despite being the first cell type in contact with implantable devices. Thus, the amount of literature generated to date on this topic makes it challenging to extract needed information. This review article serves as a guide highlighting advancements made in the field of osteoimmunology emphasizing the role of the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of biomaterials and their impact on osteoinduction. First, the various immune cell types involved in bone biomaterial integration are discussed, including the prominent role of osteal macrophages (OsteoMacs) during bone regeneration. Thereafter, key biomaterial properties, including topography, wettability, surface charge, and adsorption of cytokines, growth factors, ions, and other bioactive molecules, are discussed in terms of their impact on immune responses. These findings highlight and recognize the importance of the immune system and osteoimmunology, leading to a shift in the traditional models used to understand and evaluate biomaterials for bone regeneration.
Bioinformatics analysis to reveal the potential comorbidity mechanism in psoriasis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Xian Ningyi , Bai Ruimin , Guo Jiaqi , Luo Ruiting , Lei Hao , Wang Bingqing , Zheng Yan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeAn increasing amount of evidence suggests that psoriasis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may occur simultaneously, whereas the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our research aims to explore the potential comorbidity mechanism in psoriasis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Materials and MethodsThe expression profiles of psoriasis (GSE30999, GSE13355) and NASH (GSE24807, GSE17470) were downloaded from GEO datasets. Next, common differently expressed genes (DEGs) of psoriasis and NASH were investigated. Then, GO and KEGG enrichment, protein interaction network (PPI) construction, and hub gene identification for DEGs were performed. Finally, immune cells expression, target genes predicted by common miRNAs, and transcription factors interaction analysis for hub genes were carried out.ResultsTwenty DEGs were identified in totally. GO analysis revealed response to the virus was the most enriched term, and hepatitis C and coronavirus disease‐COVID‐19 infection‐associated pathways were mainly enriched in KEGG. A total of eight hub genes were collected, including IFIT1, IFIT3, OAS1, HPGDS, IFI27, IFI44, CXCL10, IRF9, and 11 TFs were predicted. Then, neutrophils and monocytes were identified as immune cells that express the most hub genes. Moreover, five common miRNAs for psoriasis and NASH and one common miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐1305)‐mRNAs (CHL1, MBNL2) network were presented.ConclusionCHL1 and MBNL2 may participate in the process of psoriasis and NASH via regulating hsa‐miR‐1305, and together with eight hub genes may be potential therapeutic targets for future treatment for the co‐occurrence of these two diseases. This comprehensive bioinformatic analysis provides new insights on molecular pathogenesis and identification of potential therapeutic targets for the co‐occurrence of them.
A tyrosine phospho‐switch within the Longin domain of VAMP721 modulates SNARE functionality
Authors: Ricardi Martiniano Maria , Wallmeroth Niklas , Cermesoni Cecilia , Mehlhorn Dietmar Gerald , Richter Sandra , Zhang Lei , Mittendorf Josephine , Godehardt Ingeborg , Berendzen Kenneth Wayne , von Roepenack‐Lahaye Edda , Stierhof York‐Dieter , Lipka Volker , Jürgens Gerd , Grefen Christopher 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYThe final step in secretion is membrane fusion facilitated by SNARE proteins that reside in opposite membranes. The formation of a trans‐SNARE complex between one R and three Q coiled‐coiled SNARE domains drives the final approach of the membranes providing the mechanical energy for fusion. Biological control of this mechanism is exerted by additional domains within some SNAREs. For example, the N‐terminal Longin domain (LD) of R‐SNAREs (also called Vesicle‐associated membrane proteins, VAMPs) can fold back onto the SNARE domain blocking interaction with other cognate SNAREs. The LD may also determine the subcellular localization via interaction with other trafficking‐related proteins. Here, we provide cell‐biological and genetic evidence that phosphorylation of the Tyrosine57 residue regulates the functionality of VAMP721. We found that an aspartate mutation mimics phosphorylation, leading to protein instability and subsequent degradation in lytic vacuoles. The mutant SNARE also fails to rescue the defects of vamp721vamp722 loss‐of‐function lines in spite of its wildtype‐like localization within the secretory pathway and the ability to interact with cognate SNARE partners. Most importantly, it imposes a dominant negative phenotype interfering with root growth, normal secretion and cytokinesis in wildtype plants generating large aggregates that mainly contain secretory vesicles. Non‐phosphorylatable VAMP721Y57F needs higher gene dosage to rescue double mutants in comparison to native VAMP721 underpinning that phosphorylation modulates SNARE function. We propose a model where short‐lived phosphorylation of Y57 serves as a regulatory step to control VAMP721 activity, favoring its open state and interaction with cognate partners to ultimately drive membrane fusion.
Interferon induction by STING requires its translocation to the late endosomes
Authors: Wang Chenyao , Sharma Nikhil , Kessler Patricia M. , Sen Ganes C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo combat microbial infections, mammalian cells use a variety of innate immune response pathways to induce synthesis of anti‐microbial proteins. The cGAS/STING pathway recognizes cytoplasmic viral or cellular DNA to elicit signals that lead to type I interferon and other cytokine synthesis. cGAMP, synthesized by DNA‐activated cGAS, activates the ER‐associated protein, STING, which oligomerizes and translocates to other intracellular membrane compartments to trigger different branches of signaling. We have reported that, in the ER, EGFR‐mediated phosphorylation of Tyr245 of STING is required for its transit to the late endosomes, where it recruits and activates the transcription factor IRF3 required for IFN induction. In the current study, we inquired whether STING Tyr245 phosphorylation per se or STING's location in the late endosomes was critical for its ability to recruit IRF3 and induce IFN. Using pharmacological inhibitors or genetic ablation of proteins that are essential for specific steps of STING trafficking, we demonstrated that the presence of STING in the late endosomal membranes, even without Tyr245 phosphorylation, was sufficient for IRF3‐mediated IFN induction.
Validation of a novel rebound tonometer (Tono‐Vera® Vet) in normal ex vivo rabbit eyes
Authors: Mills Erinn P. , Liu Chin‐Chi , Emelogu Ugochi , Carter Renee T. , Camacho‐Luna Pilar , Lewin Andrew C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to validate the use of the Reichert Tono‐Vera® Vet tonometer rabbit setting in normal ex vivo rabbit eyes and to compare the rabbit setting to the dog, cat, and horse settings of this tonometer.ProcedureSix freshly enucleated normal rabbit eyes were cannulated and connected to a fluid reservoir and physiologic monitor. Triplicate measurements were obtained with the four available settings: dog, cat, horse, and rabbit at various intraocular pressures (IOP) ranging from 5 to 80 mmHg. Bland–Altman analysis was utilized to determine bias and 95% limits of agreement for each setting.ResultsLinear regression equations for the dog, horse, cat, and rabbit settings were y = 0.8101x + 2.5058, y = 0.7594x − 3.4673, y = 0.6635x + 0.3021, and y = 0.8935x + 1.3295, respectively. All settings demonstrated strong positive linear trends (dog r2 = 0.9644, horse r2 = 0.9456, cat r2 = 0.9309, and rabbit r2 = 0.9558). Bland–Altman plots revealed that the average bias and 95% limits of agreement (mmHg) were −4.73, −12.65, −12.86 and −2.73 and (−15.31, 5.86), (−29.03, 3.74), (−25.67, −0.05), and (−12.21, 6.76) for the dog, horse, cat, and rabbit settings, respectively.ConclusionThe Tono‐Vera® Vet rabbit setting provided the most accurate and precise measurements compared with the other settings, but slightly underestimated actual IOP, especially as IOP was increased. This tonometer, using the rabbit setting, is likely to be appropriate for the estimation of IOP in rabbits with the appropriate correction formula applied.
Retrospective evaluation of the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding in dogs receiving ophthalmic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: Van Vertloo Laura R. , Terhaar Hannah M. , Viall Austin K. , Allbaugh Rachel A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo report the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and associated risk factors in a population of dogs receiving ophthalmic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Animal StudiedMedical records of dogs prescribed ophthalmic NSAIDs (cases), dogs receiving systemic NSAIDs alone and dogs receiving systemic prednisone alone (controls).ProceduresData were collected retrospectively from the medical records of 204 dogs prescribed ophthalmic NSAIDs (diclofenac, ketorolac, or flurbiprofen), which were subdivided based on if they received any concurrent systemic NSAIDs or glucocorticoids, 136 dogs receiving a systemic NSAID (carprofen or meloxicam) alone, and 151 dogs receiving a systemic glucocorticoid (prednisone) alone at a referral hospital from 2015 to 2019.ResultsGastrointestinal bleeds developed in 8/79 (10.1%) of topical NSAID‐only cases, 10/136 (7.4%) of systemic NSAID controls, and 14/151 (9.3%) of systemic glucocorticoid controls, with no significant difference between the three groups (p = .6103). There were no significant differences in GI bleed rates between cases treated with ketorolac, diclofenac, or flurbiprofen (p = .160), although severe GI bleeding was only seen in ketorolac‐treated dogs. Presence of a known concurrent risk factor for GI bleeding was significantly associated with the development of GI bleed in dogs on ophthalmic NSAIDs (p = .032).ConclusionsDogs treated with ophthalmic NSAIDs developed GI bleeding at a frequency comparable to dogs receiving systemic NSAIDs or systemic glucocorticoids alone, suggesting that dogs receiving ophthalmic NSAIDs may be at increased risk of GI bleeding.
Pointed Hopf algebras over nonabelian groups with nonsimple standard braidings
Authors: Angiono Iván , Lentner Simon , Sanmarco Guillermo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe construct finite‐dimensional Hopf algebras whose coradical is the group algebra of a central extension of an abelian group. They fall into families associated to a semisimple Lie algebra together with a Dynkin diagram automorphism. We show conversely that every finite‐dimensional pointed Hopf algebra over a nonabelian group with nonsimple infinitesimal braiding of rank at least 4 is of this form. We follow the steps of the Lifting Method by Andruskiewitsch–Schneider. Our starting point is the classification of finite‐dimensional Nichols algebras over nonabelian groups by Heckenberger–Vendramin, which consist of low‐rank exceptions and large‐rank families. We prove that the large‐rank families are cocycle twists of Nichols algebras constructed by the second author as foldings of Nichols algebras of Cartan type over abelian groups by outer automorphisms. This enables us to give uniform Lie‐theoretic descriptions of the large‐rank families, prove generation in degree 1, and construct liftings. We also show that every lifting is a cocycle deformation of the corresponding coradically graded Hopf algebra using an explicit presentation by generators and relations of the Nichols algebra. On the level of tensor categories, we construct families of graded extensions of the representation category of a quantum group by a group of diagram automorphism.
Dietary apple polyphenols enhance mitochondrial turnover and respiratory chain enzymes
Authors: Yoshida Yuki , Tamura Yuki , Kouzaki Karina , Nakazato Koichi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of apple polyphenol (AP) intake on muscle endurance. Since mitochondria are critical for muscle endurance, we investigated mitochondrial enzyme activity, biogenesis, degradation and protein quality control. Twenty‐four Wistar rats were randomly fed a 5% AP diet (5% AP group, n = 8), a 0.5% AP diet (0.5% AP group, n = 8), or a control diet (control group, n = 8). After a 4‐week feeding period, the expression level of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator‐1α, a mitochondrial biosynthetic factor, did not increase, whereas that of transcription factor EB, another regulator of mitochondrial synthesis, significantly increased. Moreover, the mitochondrial count did not differ significantly between the groups. In contrast, mitophagy‐related protein levels were significantly increased. The enzymatic activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes II, III and IV were significantly higher in the AP intake group than in the control group. We conclude that AP feeding increases the activity of respiratory chain complex enzymes in rat skeletal muscles. Moreover, mitochondrial biosynthesis and degradation may have increased in AP‐treated rats.
Verification Process for Finite Element Modeling Techniques Used in Biological Hard Tissue
Authors: Townsend Molly T. , Mills Matthew , Sarigul-Klijn Nesrin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
An approach is presented for calculation verification of geometry-based and voxel-based finite element modeling techniques used for biological hard tissue. The purpose of this study is to offer a controlled comparison of geometry- and voxel-based finite element modeling in terms of the convergence (i.e., discretization based on mesh size and/or element order), accuracy, and computational speed in modeling biological hard tissues. All of the geometry-based numerical test models have hp-converged at an acceptable mesh seed length of 0.6 mm, while not all voxel-based models exhibited convergence and no voxel models p-converged. Converged geometry-based meshes were found to offer accurate solutions of the deformed model shape and equivalent vertebral stiffness, while voxel-based models were 6.35% ± 0.84% less stiff (p &lt; 0.0001) and deformed 6.79% ± 0.96% more (p &lt; 0.0001). Based on the controlled verification study results, the voxel-based models must be confirmed with local values and validation of quantities of interest to ensure accurate finite element model predictions.