bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of collective action on household welfare: Empirical evidence from baobab collectors in Malawi
Authors: Olumeh Dennis Etemesi , Mithöfer Dagmar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmpirical studies show that smallholder farmers can benefit from collective action by improving their crop production and access to better markets. Although there are numerous studies on the effects of collective action on production and marketing of staple crops, such studies, particularly on the analysis of gender and collective action, are scarce for underutilized crops such as baobab. To address this gap, we estimate the impacts of cooperative membership on baobab income and food security, using data collected from a survey of 864 baobab collectors in Malawi. We employ the Inverse Probability Weight Regression Adjustment estimator to account for selection bias. We also analyse heterogeneity in the impact of cooperatives attributable to gender. We find that cooperative membership increases baobab income, household dietary diversity score, and food consumption score by 3.57%, 11%, and 5.6%, respectively. However, the welfare outcome of cooperative members differs based on gender. In particular, households with male baobab managers that are cooperative members have higher income and are more food secure. Households with unmarried female managers have better welfare outcomes. The results, therefore, highlight the need to promote collective action through cooperatives in the underutilized crop sector to enhance household welfare.
Should relational effects be considered in health care priority setting?
Authors: Gustavsson Erik , Juth Niklas , Lärfars Gerd , Raaschou Pauline , Sandman Lars 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is uncontroversial to claim that the extent to which health care interventions benefit patients is a relevant consideration for health care priority setting. However, when effects accrue to the individual patient, effects of a more indirect kind may accrue to other individuals as well, such as the patient's children, friends, or partner. If, and if so how, such relational effects should be considered relevant in priority setting is contentious. In this paper, we illustrate this question by using disease‐modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease as a case in point. The ethical analysis begins by sketching the so‐called prima facie case for ascribing moral weight to relational effects and then moves on to consider a number of objections to it. We argue that, whereas one set of objections may be dismissed, there is another set of arguments that poses more serious challenges for including relational effects in priority setting.
‘It feels like I'm back to being a teacher’: A longitudinal trajectory analysis of teachers' experiences during the first 8 months of COVID‐19 in England
Authors: Kim Lisa E. , Fields Diana , Asbury Kathryn 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding teachers' experiences throughout the school closures and reopenings that have characterized large periods of the COVID‐19 pandemic provides us with unique insights into what it means to be a teacher during a global public health crisis.Aim and MethodTo investigate teachers' narratives of their experiences, we conducted 95 semi‐structured interviews with 24 teachers in England across four time points between April and November 2020. We used a longitudinal qualitative trajectory analysis of participants' stories of their high‐, low‐ and turning‐points.ResultsWe derived four themes that were evident at each time point and developed over time. The themes were: (1) growing frustration at uncertainties caused by poor government leadership, (2) expanding concern for pupil learning and well‐being, (3) an increasingly labour‐intensive and exhausting job and (4) declining pleasure and pride in being a teacher.ConclusionsThe findings shed light on the impact of COVID‐19 on the professional identity of these teachers and we propose ways in which teachers can be supported now and in the future.
Hsa‐miR‐503‐5p regulates CTDSPL to accelerate cisplatin resistance and angiogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Han Jianwei , Wang Yan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the role of hsa‐miR‐503‐5p in cisplatin resistance and angiogenesis in LUAD and its underlying mechanisms. Hsa‐miR‐503‐5p expression in LUAD and the target gene downstream of hsa‐miR‐503‐5p was predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Binding relationship between the two genes was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. qRT‐PCR was conducted for detecting gene expression in cells, CCK‐8 for IC50 value, angiogenesis assay for human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) angiogenic ability, flow cytometry for apoptosis ability, transwell assay for migration ability, and western blot for detecting the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), VEGFR2, and CTD small phosphatase like (CTDSPL). The results showed that hsa‐miR‐503‐5p showed high expression, while its target gene CTDSPL presented decreased expression in LUAD. Hsa‐miR‐503‐5p also had high expression in cisplatin‐resistant LUAD cells. Knockdown of hsa‐miR‐503‐5p resensitized LUAD cells to cisplatin, inhibited angiogenesis of drug‐resistant cells, and reduced the protein expression of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and EMT‐related targets in cisplatin‐resistant LUAD cells, but promoted the apoptosis ability. Hsa‐miR‐503‐5p bound to CTDSPL gene and promoted cisplatin resistance and malignant progression of LUAD cells by negatively regulating CTDSPL. Our results revealed that hsa‐miR‐503‐5p and CTDSPL may be novel targets for overcoming cisplatin resistance in LUAD.
13‐year follow‐up of a randomized controlled study on zirconia and titanium abutments
Authors: Humm Viviane Laura , Sailer Irena , Thoma Daniel Stefan , Hämmerle Christoph Hans Franz , Jung Ronald Ernst , Zembic Anja 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess survival rates and compare technical, biological, and esthetic outcomes of customized zirconia and titanium abutments at 13 years post loading.Materials and MethodsInitially, 22 patients with 40 implants in posterior regions were included. The sites were randomly assigned to 20 customized zirconia abutments with cemented all ceramic crowns (ACC) and 20 customized titanium abutments with cemented metal ceramic crowns (MCC). At a mean follow‐up of 13.4 years, patients were examined and implants/restorations assessed for survival and technical complications, as well as biological and esthetic outcomes (pocket probing depth [PPD], bleeding on probing [BOP], plaque control record [PCR], bone level [BL], papilla index [PAP], mucosal thickness, and recession (distance of the margo mucosae [MM]/margo gingivae MG)). Descriptive analyses were performed for all outcome measures.ResultsFifteen patients with 21 abutments (13 zirconia, 8 titanium) were examined at 13 years. The drop‐out rate was 25% (patient level). The technical survival rate of the abutments was 100%. The survival rate on the restorative level (crowns) was 100%. The assessed biological outcomes (PPD, PCR, BOP, BL) and esthetic outcomes (MG, PAP) were similar.ConclusionsZirconia and titanium abutments supporting single implant‐borne restorations rendered a high survival rate and minimal differences in terms of technical, biological, and esthetic outcomes at 13 years of follow‐up.
Global principles for restorative aquaculture to foster aquaculture practices that benefit the environment
Authors: Alleway Heidi K. , Waters Tiffany J. , Brummett Randall , Cai Junning , Cao Ling , Cayten Megan Reilly , Costa‐Pierce Barry Antonio , Dong Yun‐Wei , Brandstrup Hansen Steffen Cole , Liu Shurong , Liu Qing , Shelley Colin , Theuerkauf Seth J. , Tucker Lisa , Wang Yue , Jones Robert C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe magnitude of negative environmental impacts generated by food production means it is now imperative we develop food systems in a way that can actively support the recovery of degraded ecosystems, while also meeting increasing demands for food and livelihoods. Aquaculture, when it utilizes the right practices and species and occurs in the right places, can strike this balance, enabling food production that supports the health of aquatic ecosystems. To ensure the efficacy of this approach, however, a clear, common understanding of the ways in which this industry can achieve this outcome is needed. This paper highlights a definition of “restorative aquaculture”, identifies global principles for the use and development of restorative practices, and identifies needs for information, data, and tools that, if addressed, would greatly expand our understanding of the ways in which aquaculture and restorative activities can have positive environmental outcomes. This guidance was developed by a working group of representatives from global aquaculture, environment, economic and academic organizations. It can assist industry and government in making decisions about sustainability as well as restoration and rehabilitation strategies that intersect with aquaculture.
Trends and disparities in telehealth use among Louisiana Medicaid beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shao Yixue , Shi Lizheng , Nauman Elizabeth , Price‐Haywood Eboni , Stoecker Charles 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo examine trends in telehealth use among Medicaid beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes (T2D) before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and identify factors related to telehealth use.MethodsWe compared monthly proportions of outpatient visits delivered by telehealth by race/ethnicity, geography and age among Louisiana Medicaid beneficiaries with T2D using claims data from January 2018 to August 2021. We also examined the changes in provider types delivering telehealth. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify individual level and zip code‐level factors associated with telehealth use during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsThe monthly proportion of outpatient visits delivered by telehealth was low (< 1%) before the pandemic, spiked in April 2020 (> 15%), then remained at approximately 5%. Telehealth use varied across different racial/ethnic groups, geography and age groups over years. Older beneficiaries were less probable to use telehealth during the pandemic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.874, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.831‐0.919). Females used more telehealth than males (AOR = 1.359, 95% CI: 1.298‐1.423). Black beneficiaries used more telehealth than White beneficiaries (AOR = 1.067, 95% CI: 1.000‐1.139). More telehealth services were used by Medicaid beneficiaries who were living in urban areas, with more primary care utilization, and with more chronic conditions at baseline.ConclusionsWe found disparities in the uptake of telehealth during the COVID‐19 pandemic, but they might have been narrowed for some groups (Hispanic and rural) among Louisiana Medicaid beneficiaries with T2D. Future studies should explore strategies to improve access to telehealth services and reduce related disparities for the low‐income population.
Fluorescence‐aided identification technique using a low‐cost violet flashlight and rotatory instruments for dental trauma splint removal
Authors: Vilela Andomar Bruno Fernandes , Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Gonçalves Fernanda Silva , Beaini Thiago Leite , Peres Thiago Silva , Soares Carlos José 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground/AimRemoving resin composites used for bonding dental trauma splints may result in irreversible damage to the enamel. This in vitro study evaluated the influence of additional violet illumination and different bur types on damage caused to tooth enamel.Materials and MethodsFifteen maxillary models with four bovine incisor teeth were prepared. All models were scanned using a laboratory scanning system (s600 ARTI; Zirkonzahn). Six experimental groups (n = 10) were generated by two study factors: lighting type (three levels), (1) low‐cost (5–7 US$) violet LED flashlight (LUATEK, LT 408); (2) VALO Cordless light curing unit (Ultradent) with black lens; or (3) without additional illumination; and rotatory instrument (two levels), (1) diamond bur or (2) multifluted tungsten‐carbide bur. New scanning was performed after splint removal, and the generated files were superimposed on the initial scans using Cumulus software. The light emitted by both violet light sources was characterized by using integrating sphere and beam profile. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of enamel damage and two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc was used at an α = 0.05.ResultsThe use of low‐cost violet flashlight that emitted the violet peak light at 385 nm and VALO Cordless with black lens at 396 nm resulted in significantly lower damage to the enamel surface than those in the groups without additional violet light (p < .001). An interaction between rotatory instruments and lighting was found. When no additional violet lighting was used, the diamond bur presented higher mean and maximum depth values.ConclusionsFluorescence lighting facilitated the removal of remnant resin composite dental trauma splints, leading to less invasive treatment. The diamond bur resulted in higher enamel damage than that affected by the multifluted bur when no violet lighting was used. A low‐cost violet flashlight is a useful fluorescence‐aided identification technique for removing resin composite dental trauma splints.
Patients who died with steatohepatitis or liver cirrhosis show neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in hippocampus
Authors: Leone Paola , Arenas Yaiza M. , Balzano Tiziano , Mincheva Gergana , Martinez‐Garcia Mar , Montoliu Carmina , Llansola Marta , Felipo Vicente 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeuroinflammation in the cerebral cortex of patients who died with liver cirrhosis and neuroinflammation, and neuronal death in the cerebellum of patients who died with steatohepatitis or cirrhosis, were reported. Hippocampal neuroinflammation could contribute to cognitive decline in patients with liver disease, but this has yet to be studied. The study aims were to assess if hippocampus from patients who died with steatohepatitis or cirrhosis showed: (i) glial activation, (ii) altered cytokine content, (iii) immune cell infiltration, (iv) neuronal apoptosis and (v) neuronal loss.MethodsPost‐mortem hippocampus was obtained from 6 controls, 19 patients with steatohepatitis (SH) and 4 patients with liver cirrhosis. SH patients were divided into SH1 (n = 9), SH2 (n = 6) and SH3 (n = 4) groups depending on disease severity. Glial activation, IL‐1β and TNFα content, CD4 lymphocyte and monocyte infiltration, neuronal apoptosis and neuronal loss were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsPatients who died in SH1 showed astrocyte activation, whereas those who died in SH2 also showed microglial activation, CD4 lymphocyte and monocyte infiltration, neuronal apoptosis and neuronal loss. These changes remained in patients in SH3, who also showed increased IL‐1β and TNFα. Patients who died of liver cirrhosis did not show CD4 lymphocyte infiltration, neuronal apoptosis or increase in TNFα, but still showed glial activation, increased IL‐1β and neuronal loss.ConclusionsPatients with steatohepatitis showed glial activation, immune cell infiltration, apoptosis and neuronal loss. Glial activation and neuronal loss remained in cirrhotic patients. This may explain the irreversibility of some cognitive alterations in hepatic encephalopathy. Cognitive reserve may contribute to different grades of cognitive impairment despite similar neuronal loss.
Family experiences of ambiguous loss during COVID‐19
Authors: Horton Abagail L. , Russell Beth S. , Tambling Rachel R. , Elias Hannah , Mas Madison 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe present study provides descriptive results on parents' mental health, ambiguous loss, stress, and parent–child relationship as well as child stress and children's emotion regulation abilities. Additionally, we present initial psychometric results and preliminary regression findings from a quantitative ambiguous loss measure.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to more than one million deaths in the United States and subsequent mental health difficulties for parents and children.MethodData were collected from 134 participants (MParentAge = 39.1 years; 54.5% women; MChildAge = 9.4 years) in early May 2021. Analyses examined group differences of longitudinal findings over a year‐long period, parents' gender, and financial needs.ResultsModerate levels of COVID‐19–specific stress as well as general stress in both parents and children were found. Women reported higher levels of closeness among the parent–child dyad, and parents whose financial needs were not met reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression. A liner regression indicated that 44.3% of the variance in ambiguous loss can be explained by COVID‐19 specific stress and depression.ConclusionIndividuals and families are still experiencing difficulties after the COVID‐19 pandemic, as seen through the descriptives presented. Additionally, ambiguous loss can be predicted by these experiences.ImplicationsLong‐term information about individual and family experiences after a year of the COVID‐19 pandemic highlights important experiences of generalized stress in both parents and children.
Meeting report: AT workshop 2023—A platform for discussing cutting‐edge science in DNA damage signaling, repair, and human disorders
Authors: Takata Minoru , Harada Hiroshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAtaxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T) is a rare devastating hereditary condition, which affects multiple organ systems including cerebellar motor function as well as DNA repair, resulting in a higher incidence of cancer and immunodeficiency. The genetic defect in A‐T lies in ATM kinase, which is activated by DNA damage and regulates a plethora of substrates including the p53 tumor suppressor. We have organized an international meeting “The 19th Ataxia‐Telangiectasia Workshop 2023 (ATW2023)” with support from the Molecular Biology Society of Japan (MBSJ) and other funders. Here, we report that ATW2023 was successfully held in Kyoto from March 2nd to 5th, 2023 with more than 150 participants traveling from all over the world, despite the still smoldering COVID‐19 pandemic. In this meeting report, we will briefly describe the highlights of the meeting and would like to express our gratitude to the MBSJ for the financial support.
Molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori and its genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns in dyspeptic Mozambican patients
Authors: Ismail Muhammad , Majaliwa Nashon D. , Vale Filipa F. , Cumbana Roqueia , Sumbana José J. , Muchongo Arsénio , Nassone Ema , Loforte Michella , Mondlane Liana , Botão Edília , Taviani Elisa , Carrilho Carla , Vítor Jorge M. B. , Sacarlal Jahit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori strains show a high level of genotypic diversity and express several genes that contribute to their pathogenicity and resistance. In Mozambique, there is lack of information regarding its resistance pattern to antibiotics. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori and its genotypic resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and fluoroquinolones in Mozambican dyspeptic patients. Since appropriate eradication should be based on the local resistance rate, our data will guide clinicians in choosing the best drugs for the effective treatment of H. pylori‐infected patients.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional descriptive study conducted between June 2017 and June 2020, in which 171 dyspeptic patients were recruited, and through upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, gastric biopsies were collected from those patients. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of H. pylori and its resistance mechanisms to clarithromycin (23S rRNA), metronidazole (rdxA), and fluoroquinolones (gyrA); mutations conferring resistance to these antibiotics were investigated by sequencing 23S rRNA, rdxA, and gyrA genes.ResultsOf the 171 samples tested, H. pylori was detected in 56.1% (96/171). The clarithromycin resistance rate was 10.4% (the responsible mutations were A2142G and A2143G), the metronidazole resistance rate was 55.2% (4 types of mutations responsible for metronidazole resistance were identified which include, D59N, R90K, H97T, and A118T. However, in many cases, they appeared in combination, with D59N + R90K + A118T being the most frequent combination), and the fluoroquinolones resistance rate was 20% (the responsible mutations were N87I and D91G).ConclusionH. pylori infection remains common in dyspeptic Mozambican patients. High resistance to metronidazole and fluoroquinolones requires continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance and adaptation of therapy to eradicate this infection.
Sonocatalysis and Photocatalysis in Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 ceramics
Authors: Tiwari Saurabh , Gaur Akshay , Vaish Rahul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, and sono‐photocatalytic performances of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) ceramic (synthesized through solid‐state reaction route) were investigated for the degradation of an organic dye named methylene blue (MB). The as‐prepared BST ceramic powder was characterized using a scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The optical energy band gap of BST ceramic was found to be ∼3.17 eV. BST has shown significant catalytic activity following sonocatalysis and photocatalysis processes, i.e, ∼48% and ∼65% in 3 h, respectively. The synergic effect of the sonocatalysis and photocatalysis processes had shown an excellent degradation of 81% in 3 h. To determine the reactive species responsible for the degradation of MB dye, a scavenger test was also performed using isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and benzoquinone (BQ) scavengers. The degree of MB dye degradation was quantified by a phytotoxicity test on “Vigna radiata” seeds. Furthermore, the potentiality of BST ceramic was explored for water cleaning applications while irradiating it to solar radiation in real‐time conditions.