bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looked after children in prison as adults: life adversity and neurodisability
Authors: Kent Hope , Kirby Amanda , Leckie George , Cornish Rosie , Hogarth Lee , Williams W. Huw 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
Looked after children (LAC) are criminalised at five times the rate of children in the general population. Children in contact with both child welfare and child justice systems have higher rates of neurodisability and substance use problems, and LAC in general have high rates of school exclusion, homelessness and unemployment. This study aims to understand whether these factors persist in LAC who are in prison as adults.

Design/methodology/approach
Administrative data collected by the Do-IT profiler screening tool in a prison in Wales, UK, were analysed to compare sentenced prisoners who were LAC (n = 631) to sentenced prisoners who were not LAC (n = 2,201). The sample comprised all prisoners who were screened on entry to prison in a two-year period.

Findings
Prisoners who were LAC scored more poorly on a functional screener for neurodisability (effect size = 0.24), and on four self-report measures capturing traits of dyslexia (0.22), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (0.40), autism spectrum disorders (0.34) and developmental co-ordination disorder (0.33). Prisoners who were LAC were more likely to have been to a pupil referral unit (0.24), have substance use problems (0.16), be homeless or marginally housed (0.18) and be unemployed or unable to work due to disability (0.13).

Originality/value
This study uniquely contributes to our understanding of prisoners who were LAC as a target group for intervention and support with re-integration into the community upon release. LAC in prison as adults may require additional interventions to help with employment, housing and substance use. Education programmes in prison should screen for neurodisability, to develop strategies to support engagement.
Stakeholder contributions to commercialization and market creation of a radical innovation: bridging the micro- and macro levels
Authors: Engez Anil , Aarikka-Stenroos Leena 
Published: January 2023

PurposeSuccessful commercialization is crucial to innovative firms, but further investigation is needed on how diverse stakeholders can contribute to the commercialization of a radical innovation that requires particular market creation support. This paper aims to, therefore, analyze the key stakeholders and their contributive activities in commercialization and market creation, particularly in the case of radical innovations.Design/methodology/approachThis study relies on qualitative research design including interviews with key stakeholders, such as regulators, scientists, experts, licensing partners, core company representatives and extensive secondary data. This single-case study concerns a functional food product, which is a radical innovation requiring the development of a novel product category positioned between the food and medicine categories in global market settings. Since its market launch in 1995, the involvement of multiple stakeholders was needed for its successful commercialization in over 30 countries.FindingsResults uncover the contributions of diverse stakeholders to commercialization and market creation, particularly of radical innovation. Stakeholders performed market creation activities such as regulating the marketing and labeling of food products, conducting safety assessments, revealing and validating the positive health effects of the novelty and raising awareness of healthy living and cardiovascular health. The commercialization activities included distributing the products overseas, applying the ingredient to different food products and making the products available for users.Research limitations/implicationsThis single-case study provides an overview of the positive stakeholder activities with contributions to market creation and commercialization of functional food innovations. Although the user perspective was not included in the empirical part of this study because of our focus on B2B actors, users of the innovation can contribute to R&D activities to a great extent.Originality/valueThe developed framework of stakeholders’ contributive activities in radical innovation commercialization and market creation contributes to literature discussing market creation as well as commercialization within the marketing and innovation management research fields. This work also generates practical advice for managers who commercialize (radical) innovations.
Alms tax (ZAKAT) compliance intention among entrepreneurs from a social cognitive perspective: the moderating role of knowledge
Authors: Sadallah Mouad , Abdul-Jabbar Hijattulah , Bin-Nashwan Saeed Awadh , Abdul Aziz Saliza Abdul 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
This research aims to explore the moderating role of alms tax (zakat) knowledge in the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic motivations (i.e. political instability, trust in institutions and service quality) and zakat compliance among businessmen in a Muslim developing country.

Design/methodology/approach
A final sample of 315 Algerian entrepreneurs randomly collected through a self-administered survey was analysed. Drawing on the social cognitive theory, estimation and analysis were done using structural equation modelling (Smart PLS).

Findings
The results indicate that all the hypothesised direct relationships are supported. Particularly, the knowledge-moderated interaction of political instability’s effect on entrepreneurs’ zakat compliance intention was significant, while its interactions with service quality and trust were not.

Practical implications
Findings that emerged from this study may serve as a reminder to zakat agencies and policymakers that varying degrees of knowledge about zakat can have a significant impact on shaping intentions to comply with zakat rules, particularly in an unstable political environment. Additionally, this work sheds light on the critical role of service quality delivered by zakat institutions and businessmen’s trust in such entities in shaping their zakat compliance intentions. Finally, it demonstrates how critical it is to strengthen the business sector’s social responsibility to support the zakat’s noble socioeconomic objectives.

Originality/value
This present work augments the scanty literature on zakat compliance because it validates a research model drawing on social cognitive perspectives. Additionally, the model blends the moderating role of knowledge into social cognitive perspectives of zakat compliance among businessmen.
Social punishment by the distribution of aggressive TikTok videos against women in a traditional society
Authors: Ella Ben-Atar , Smadar Ben-Asher , Shirley Druker Shitrit 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
Online violence has been rampant in the past decade, intensifying the victims’ suffering owing to its rapid dissemination to vast audiences. This study aims to focus on online gender-based violence directed against young Bedouin women who have left their male-dominated home territory for academic studies. This study examined how the backlash against these students, intended to stop changes in traditional gender roles, is reflected in offensive TikTok videos.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is based on a qualitative-thematic analysis of 77 questionnaires and 30 semistructured in-depth interviews with first-year female Bedouin students aged 18–21 years.

Findings
The backlash was widespread, with young Bedouin men using offensive videos as “proof” that women have violated codes of honor and morality. The videos exhibited four types of gender-based violence: claims of immoral behavior, aggressive captions that take the footage out of context, allegations of immodest clothing and digital photo editing that produced fabricated results. Examining participants' reactions to the videos, this study revealed two patterns of response: passive acceptance of the situation and an active approach that included reaching out to powerful Bedouin men for solutions.

Originality/value
This research enriches the literature on online gender-based violence, particularly against women in traditional societies, and suggests practical steps: developing online media literacy in traditional societies, adopting a proactive approach and nurturing social self-competence in women who have been victims of online gender-based violence.
Critical analysis of grounded theory strategy in organisational and management research
Authors: Koleva Petya 
Published: January 2023

PurposeAlthough grounded theory (GT) was introduced in 1967, GT remains widely misunderstood as scholars incorporate a limited spectrum of the GT techniques and fail to integrate GT's full potential into academic research. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to discuss divergences between four GT strategies and by doing so to provide criteria for making an informed choice between one GT approach or another.Design/methodology/approachThe study offers a comparative analysis of four GT approaches by relying on a recently completed empirical work focused on the practice and perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in non-Western context conducted by the author.FindingsAs a result, the study outlines the main points of divergence between the four GT strategies and discusses how their differences impact the research outcomes, theoretical products and application of the proposed theories in organisational and management research.Research limitations/implicationsAs a result of the comparative analysis, the study will help researchers make an informed choice when selecting one GT approach or another.Originality/valueThe study demonstrates the potential of GT in organisational and management research by utilising a practical example of GT's implementation from a recently completed empirical study.
Impact of religious tourism on the economic development, energy consumption and environmental degradation: evidence from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Tabash Mosab I. , Farooq Umar , El Refae Ghaleb A. , Al-Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh , Athamena Belkacem 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
Saudi Arabia is the main destination of religious tourism, as it has many spiritual places. With the passage of years, the figures for pilgrim visits are increasing, which is contributing to the economic growth of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). However, pilgrims’ visits can create strong opportunity costs in the form of environmental degradation. Owing to these notions, this study aims to discover the impact of religious tourism on the quality of the natural environment of Saudi Arabia.

Design/methodology/approach
This study develops the empirical relationship between the variables by sampling the data from 35 years ranging from 1986 to 2020. The regression among variables was checked by using fully modified ordinary least square and dynamic ordinary least square models.

Findings
This analysis proves that religious tourism has a direct impact on the environmental degradation of KSA. The unceasing visits of pilgrims accelerate various economic operations and activities, e.g. assimilation and digestion of industrial products, that necessarily hamper the environmental quality. In addition, this analysis indicates a negative impact on financial development, foreign investment and renewable energy consumption while the positive impact of fossil fuels assimilation and economic expansion on the secretion of CO2. The statistical findings are robust and verify the pollution halo hypothesis while rejecting the Environmental Kuznets Curve model in this region.

Research limitations/implications
This analysis recommends restructuring the policies on hajj and Umrah visits. KSA Government should ensure green consumption by pilgrims. The limitation on pilgrims’ visits and the introduction of quotas are alternative policies to impede the pollution in this region.

Originality/value
By controlling the routine determinants, this study offers innovative thoughts regarding the consequences of religious tourism on environmental quality.
Plant community responses to alterations in soil abiotic and biotic conditions are decoupled for above‐ and below‐ground traits
Authors: Gao Chenguang , Bezemer T. Martijn , van Bodegom Peter M. , Cornelissen Hans C. , van Logtestijn Richard , Liu Xiangyu , Mancinelli Riccardo , van der Hagen Harrie , Zhou Meng , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlant functional traits are increasingly recognised as being impacted by soil abiotic and biotic factors. Yet, the question to what extent the coupling between community‐level above‐ and below‐ground traits is affected by soil conditions remains open.In a field experiment in dune grassland, we quantified the responses of both community‐level leaf and root traits to changes in soil abiotic and biotic conditions using soil inoculation by living and sterile soil inocula originated from different dune ecosystems.Altered soil conditions resulted in a strong decoupling in responses of community‐level leaf and root traits. Changes in soil abiotic conditions imposed by soil inoculation were more important in determining the decoupling of the leaf vs root relationships than additions of soil biota. Altered soil abiotic factors influenced both leaf and root traits at the community level and caused the entire community‐level trait spectrum to shift, while experimental additions of living soil inocula only significantly influenced root traits towards longer and thinner roots.Synthesis. Our results bring direct evidence that, at a plant community level, the dynamics of plant above‐ground traits are not informative of below‐ground traits. Particularly, below‐ground abiotic processes are a major driver of commonly observed trait spectra. We suggest that future study is required to test the general pattern of leaf and root correlations across different ecosystems under field conditions.
Rural former service members participate in meaningful occupations to ‘fill the void’ after military service
Authors: Carra Kylie , Curtin Michael , Fortune Tracy , Gordon Brett 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionOver 50% of former service members report debilitating health conditions and difficulty adjusting to civilian life. Former service members living in rural areas are even more likely to experience poor health outcomes and have decreased access to specialist health‐care services. Participation in meaningful occupations can support health and adjustment after military service. However, little is known about rural former service members' perspectives and experiences of participating in occupations after separating from military service. This study explored rural former service members' experiences of participating in occupations during their transition and their perceptions of how these experiences influenced their health and adjustment.MethodsPurposive sampling was used to recruit 10 rural former Australian Defence Force members discharged from service between 1 July 2013 and 1 July 2018. Former service members participated in a series of semi‐structured interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to determine themes for individual participants and then overarching themes that characterised the experiences of the group.FindingsA single overarching theme, ‘It can't all be for nothing’: Searching for ways to fill ‘the void’ through meaningful occupational participation, reflected rural former service members' experiences. The different ways that participants sought to fill ‘the void’ after military service were interpreted through two sub‐themes: (1) ‘You can't heal if you're still in a battlefield’: Participating in occupations to re‐establish safety and wellbeing, and (2) ‘I was in a uniform and I could still do well’: Participating in occupations to reconnect with self and continue the mission to serve.ConclusionRural former service members participated in various occupations to establish safety, wellbeing, and reconnection after transitioning from military service. The findings point to the need for further research to inform the development of consumer‐led occupation‐based interventions that are sensitive to individuals' service history, environmental context, and trauma recovery needs.
Labour‐saving technologies in smallholder agriculture: An economy‐wide model with field operations
Authors: Feuerbacher Arndt , Luckmann Jonas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLabour‐saving technologies are relevant for agricultural development. Yet, as this study shows, they are poorly integrated into agricultural production functions of economy‐wide models. We report a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, which explicitly incorporating field operations (e.g. land preparation, weeding or harvesting) in the context of smallholder agriculture. The field operations approach allows to model technological trade‐offs in organic and conventional production systems at various stages of the agricultural production process. Simulating a structural change scenario, we compare the performance of the field operations approach with published benchmark production structures by assessing how they replicate empirically observed changes in land and agrochemical use. This benchmark analysis shows that incorporating field operations replicates the observed empirical changes most accurately and allows for more realistic modelling of labour‐saving technologies. We use the field operations model to investigate three policy options to mitigate labour shortages in the agricultural sector of Bhutan. Permitting the employment of Indian workers in agriculture has the highest short‐term potential in this respect. We find that subsidising agricultural machinery hiring services and removing import tariffs on agrochemical inputs are found to be less effective. Further options for model developments, such as combining field operations and labour market seasonality, are highlighted.
Internally‐Assessed Bank Capital Requirements and Loan Portfolio Spreads
Authors: Mascia Danilo V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow the choice of more risk‐sensitive capital requirements by some banks influences average borrowing costs for their customers remains an open question. By exploiting cross‐country manually collected capital requirement data, we find higher portfolio loan spreads in banks that compute a larger share of these requirements for the loan portfolio through internal rating‐based (IRB) models. This result is driven by larger IRB adopters operating in credit markets with low competition from banks computing capital requirements with the less risk‐sensitive standardized models, by IRB adopters in credit markets where borrowers have more limited funding opportunities, and by IRB adopters in markets characterized by lower levels of political connectedness. Our results contrast with theoretical predictions suggesting that the heterogeneity in risk weights induced by IRB models should reduce average borrowing costs for bank customers. Instead, we show that IRB adopters do not fully incorporate the decrease in capital requirements obtained with these models into their pricing policies when competitive and political pressures are low.
From conflict to collaboration: Atewa Forest governance
Authors: Agbo Victor Mawutor , Swatuk Larry 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe problem of forest degradation and loss has become the concern of many countries. To address this challenge, some collaborate in sustainable forest management. The most successful outcomes, however, are observed where local participation is an essential part of conservation efforts. In Ghana, forests have experienced various degrees of exploitation over the years, resulting in their ecological decline. Despite its designation as a protected area for biodiversity and ecosystem services, the Atewa Range Forest Reserve in Ghana has been significantly impacted by deforestation, illegal mining, and other destructive activities. The purpose of this paper is to examine ecologically based management approaches that could be adopted to generate beneficial outcomes for all forest stakeholders and actors in Ghana. The study sampled forest stakeholders in Kwabeng, the administrative capital of the Atewa West District, to understand forest governance challenges and outline strategies for overcoming them. The study revealed that a bottom‐up all‐inclusive approach to managing forest resources is necessary. This paper, therefore, proposes an integrated forest governance that prioritizes the UN Sustainable Development Goal 15—Life on Land‐related to forest preservation.
Evaluating the discriminating power of amino acid ratios on distinguishing dark colored hair samples
Authors: Yaroshuk Timothy , Powers Robert H. , Marsico Alyssa L. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuman hairs are one of the most commonly encountered items of trace evidence. Currently, conventional methods for hair analysis include microscopic comparison and DNA analysis (nuclear and mitochondrial). Each approach has its own drawbacks. Hair proteins are stable and offer an alternative to DNA testing, as demonstrated with proteomics for distinguishing humans. However, proteomics is complicated and requires identifying peptides to remain intact following harsh sample preparation methods. Alternatively, the actual amino acid content of a hair sample may also offer important identifying information and actually requires proteins and peptides to be broken down completely rather than remaining intact. This study evaluated the discriminating power of using hair amino acid ratios to differentiate hair samples from 10 unrelated individuals with dark colored hair. Hair proteins were digested, derivatized, and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Amino acid ratios were calculated for each individual and comparisons using ANOVA and post‐hoc pairwise t‐test with Bonferroni correction were made with amino acid ratios for individuals. Overall, out of the 45 possible pairwise comparisons between all hair samples, 38 (84%) were differentiable. Out of the 36 possible pairwise comparisons between brown haired individuals, 32 (89%) were considered differentiable using univariate statistics. Multivariate statistics were also attempted but, overall, univariate models were sufficient for exclusionary purposes. These results indicate that amino acid ratio analysis can potentially be used as an exclusionary method using hair if DNA analysis cannot be performed, or to corroborate conclusions made following microscopic analysis.