bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
121 Evaluation of Effects of Garlic Extract on Health Parameters and Gut Health in St. Croix Sheep
Authors: Inupala Sree Navya , Pande Priyanka , Uzzaman Md Rasel , Worku Mulumebet 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
St. Croix sheep are hair sheep whose production characteristics make them suitable for low-input, sustainable production systems. They are parasite resistant and can live in a wide variety of climates. Natural immune modulators, such as garlic, can enhance animal production, health, and well-being. Garlic (Allium Sativa) is recognized as an eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics and contributes to a reduction in methane emissions. It has antibiotic, anti-helminthic and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of garlic extracts on health variables and gut health indicators in St Croix sheep. Clinically, healthy adult, age-matched non-pregnant St Croix sheep (n = 12) from the NC A&T University farm were divided into treatment group (n = 6) and control group (n = 6). The treatment group was drenched with 5 mL garlic [Garlic Barrier (Glendale, CA)] concentrate diluted 1:1 with sterile distilled water (10 mL total). The control group was drenched with 10ml sterile distilled water for four weeks. The body weight, body condition, and FAMACHA scores and fecal samples were collected weekly. Fecal egg count was evaluated using the modified McMaster technique. Fecal samples were analyzed for eggs per gram using the McMaster slide. Total microbial DNA was isolated from fecal samples using Fast stool DNA Isolation kit (Qiagen, CA). DNA concentrations and purity were analyzed using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus, bifidobacteria,16s RNA and Haemonchus are measured by using specific primers by running real time PCR. All variables were analyzed using the statistical analysis software package SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Garlic reduced fecal egg count significantly in weeks 1 (P &lt; 0.034) and 3 (P &lt; 0.003). There were no significant changes in fecal DNA Concentration. The relative of abundance of Lactobacillus is significantly increased whereas for Haemonchus decreased. Further studies are needed to define the pathways involved and consequences of changes in gut microbe community on immune function. These studies will aim in improved animal and human health and well-being and sustainable production.
157 Effect of Sheep Breed on Neutrophil Chemotaxis toHaemonchus Contortus Larval Antigen
Authors: Teddleton Hannah G , Garza Javier J , Greiner Scott P , Bowdridge Scott A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Parasite-resistant St. Croix sheep generate a potent neutrophilic response to larval stages of Haemonchus contortus. Protective neutrophil responses can be best characterized by increased neutrophil infiltration to the abomasum within the first 3 days of infection. These data indicate breed differences in neutrophil chemotaxis and response to H. contortus infection. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in neutrophil chemotaxis by H. contortus third-stage larval (L3) antigen (HcLA). Suffolk (SUF) and St. Croix (STC) neutrophils were isolated and applied to matrigel-coated clearview inserts, and placed into a reservoir containing H. contortus HcLA, Interleukin-8 (IL-8), or complete media. Neutrophil chemotaxis plates were incubated (37°C, 5% CO2) in an Incucyte S3 live cell imaging system for 24 hours, and measurements taken hourly. Neutrophils from STC migrated towards HcLA quicker than SUF neutrophils, and this migration occurred as early as 3 hours (10% and 4% respectively, P &lt; 0.001). The difference in breed chemotaxis increased over time, where 28% of STC neutrophils migrated at 14 hours compared with 13% of SUF cells at the same time. By 24 hours, 37% of STC neutrophils migrated towards HcLA while the percentage of migrating SUF neutrophils remained the same (13%). Positive control for neutrophil chemotaxis was IL-8, and 37% of STC neutrophils achieved migration at 7 hours compared with 26% SUF neutrophils. By 24 hours, IL-8 induced neutrophil chemotaxis was similar in both breeds (STC 47%, SUF 41%). Taken together, these data indicate that delayed responses in neutrophil chemotaxis may contribute to H. contortus establishment in parasite-susceptible hosts. Thus, indicating that neutrophil response to H. contortus infection is a critical component to full host protective immunity.
159 Evaluation of Supplemental Feeding Behavior and Growth Performance in Katahdin Lambs Divergently Selected for Fecal Egg Count Estimated Breeding Value
Authors: Valliere Nicole K , Wright Donald L , Greiner Scott P , Bowdridge Scott A , Weaver Andrew R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nutritional supplementation and genetic selection are potential methods to mitigate the impact of parasitism in sheep. Understanding feeding behavior of growing lambs divergently selected for parasite resistance using the fecal egg count (FEC) estimated breeding value (EBV) may help quantify the impact of supplementation and genetic selection on parasitism. The C-Lock, Inc Super SmartFeed system (feeder) allows measurement of individual lamb feed intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of FEC EBV selection on daily supplemental intake, average daily gain (ADG), supplemental feed:gain (S:G), frequency of feeder visits, and FEC. Over two years (Y1, Y2), Katahdin lambs divergently selected for FEC EBV (Y1: LowFEC, n = 27; HighFEC, n = 24. Y2: LowFEC, n = 37; HighFEC, n = 40) were fed for 8 weeks in Y1 and 5 weeks in Y2 at the Southwest Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center. Pasture-raised lambs were supplemented with a concentrate pellet (16% CP) ad libitum using the feeder with free choice hay in a dry lot post-weaning. Data analyses were performed by sampling period which was approximately every two weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using PROC Mixed SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). In Y1, LowFEC lambs had less average FEC than HighFEC lambs (405.25 vs. 771.23 epg; P &lt; 0.05). LowFEC lambs in Y2 tended to have less average FEC compared with HighFEC lambs (1,191.75 vs. 2,028.30 epg; P = 0.1). In Y1, LowFEC lambs had greater intake compared with HighFEC lambs (1.45 vs. 1.27 kg; P &lt; 0.05). LowFEC lambs tended to have greater intake in Y2 (1.64 vs. 1.16 kg; P = 0.1). While ADG was not affected by FEC EBV type in Y1 (P &gt; 0.70), LowFEC lambs in Y2 had increased ADG compared with HighFEC lambs (0.27 kg vs. 0.21 kg; P = 0.05). In both years, LowFEC lambs had numerically greater S:G compared with HighFEC lambs, but these differences were not significant (P &gt; 0.1) due to greater variation around these means. Over both years, the number of feeder visits did not differ between LowFEC and HighFEC lambs (P &gt; 0.1). Selection of sires for LowFEC EBV resulted in progeny with less FEC that had increased supplemental intake, but no difference in S:G compared with HighFEC progeny. In addition to improvements in parasite resistance, selection for FEC EBV may impact lamb feeding behavior in the post-weaning period.
160 The Effect of Postweaning Fecal Egg Count EBV on Colostrum IgG Concentration in Katahdin Dams
Authors: Bentley Kelsey , Weaver Andrew R , Wright Donald L , Greiner Scott P , Bowdridge Scott A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Selection for post weaning worm egg count (PWEC) EBV has revealed that lowPWEC sheep have greater resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection, greater survivability to weaning and generate greater anamnestic response to booster clostridial vaccination. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that selection for PWEC may result in improved generalized immunity. The aim of this study was to compare IgG and IgA antibody concentration in colostrum and milk of Katahdin ewes divergent in their PWEC EBV. Katahdin ewes from the Virginia Tech SWAREC selected for this study had to meet the following criteria: age (3-6 years), have a Katahdin Hair Index EBV (&gt;104, pre-genomic EBV), and be twin bearing. Ewes fitting those criteria were sorted by their PWEC EBV into two groups: lowPWEC (n = 20) with an average EBV of -81 and hiPWEC (n = 18) with an average PWEC EBV of +213. Upon parturition and within 24 hours of lambing, a 20 mL colostrum sample was sterile collected by milking 10 mL from each half of the udder of the ewes, representing the early sample. Milk samples were taken from each ewe at two distinct time points, mid (30-days post-parturition) and late (60-dayd post-parturition) lactation. All samples were placed into pre-labeled 50 mL tubes and frozen on-site. Colostrum and milk samples were thawed and diluted in 36% ammonium sulfate and centrifuged at 3,000 x g for 20 minutes at 4ºC. The removed whey portion was then dialyzed using a 3,000 MW membrane cassette in 1L of PBS (pH 7.4) at 4ºC for 12 hours. Total IgG and IgA from colostrum was measured used an ovine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate IgG and IgA differences, data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS with fixed effects of genotype, time, and genotype X time interactions. Means comparisons were performed on LS means of fixed affects or interactions, using Bonferroni adjustment. Main effects of ewe genotype revealed that lowPWEC ewes had greater concentration of both IgG (0.482 vs 0.236 µg/mL; P &lt; 0.001) and IgA (10.5 vs 8.1 µg/mL; P = 0.002) within colostrum. The 2-fold increase of IgG (P &lt; 0.001) within lowPFEC ewe colostrum loses magnitude overtime, nonetheless lowPFEC ewes continue to have greater IgG in milk at mid (0.291 vs 0.183 µg/mL; P = 0.048) and late lactations (0.322 vs 0.183 µg/mL; P = 0.032). These data indicate that lowPWEC Katahdin ewes generate greater colostrum quality as measured by antibody concentration. Therefore, lambs born to these ewes would have a significant advantage in passive immunity from their dams potentially contributing to lamb survivability.
10 Preliminary Effect of Cottonseed as a Source of Gossypol on Hepatic Portal Blood Flow as an Indicator of Metabolism in Meat does Artificially Infected withHaemonchus Contortus
Authors: Callender Emily , Marchant Nicolas , Dearborn Lindsey , Contreras-Correa Zully E , Lemley Caleb O , Pesato Michael , Rios Leyla 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cottonseed diets provide animals with increased levels of protein and energy to support growth. Recently, it was suggested that although the gossypol content of cottonseed could result in adverse animal reproduction, it could have a potential anthelmintic property beneficial to small ruminant operations. In addition, gossypol is primarily cleared and excreted from the animal via liver glucuronidation, which is a primary pathway for steroid clearance in ruminants. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of a cottonseed diet and parasite load on the hepatic portal blood flow an indicator of hepatic clearance rates and metabolism. Forty Boer x Spanish cross does were assigned to of 4 treatments (n = 10 per treatment group) in a 2x2 factorial design consisting of cottonseed supplementation and no parasite infection (CNP), cottonseed supplementation plus artificial infection with Haemonchus contortus (CP), commercial pellets with no parasite infection (NCNP), or commercial pellets plus artificial infection with Haemonchus contortus (NCP). On week 8 post-treatment, hepatic portal blood flow measurements were collected via Doppler ultrasonography on the right side of the animal at the 10th intercostal space. Blood flow was then calculated using the following equation: blood flow (mL/min) = mean velocity (cm/s) x vessel area x 60 seconds. The mean velocity was calculated by the following formula: (systolic – diastolic)/pulsatility index. Hepatic portal blood flow and body weight of does were analyzed with a One-way ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS with diet and parasite load as the main effects and their interactions. A diet by parasite interaction (P = 0.026) was observed for the mean velocity of the hepatic portal vein, which was decreased in CP versus CNP treatments. A diet by parasite interaction (P = 0.012) was observed for the diameter of the hepatic portal vein, which was increased in the CP treatment versus all other groups. However, absolute hepatic portal blood flow was not different (P &gt; 0.12) amongst treatments. A tendency for the main effect (P = 0.087) of diet was observed for hepatic portal blood flow relative to body weight, which was an increase in cottonseed (27.8 ±.8 mL/min*kg) versus NCS (23.2 ±.8 mL/min*kg). Body weight was not different (P &gt; 0.35) amongst treatments at the time of Doppler ultrasound examination. In conclusion, cottonseed interacted with parasites to decrease mean velocity and increase the diameter of the portal vein. In addition, cottonseed appears to increase liver blood flow relative to body weight. This change in relative liver blood flow could have implications for mediating hepatic metabolism and clearance.
8 Differential Growth Performance in Conventionally and Artificially Raised Lambs Fed High-Concentrate and High-Forage Post-Weaning Diets
Authors: Parsley Katherine G , Weinert-Nelson Jennifer R , Ely Donald , Hamilton Tracy , Hamilton Matthew , Jacks LeeAnn , Harlow Brittany 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Artificial rearing of lambs on milk replacer presents management challenges for producers and can impact performance. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate effects of pre-weaning management on adaptation to post-weaning finishing diets. We hypothesized that lambs fed a high-concentrate (HC) diet would exhibit more efficient body weight (BW) gain than lambs fed a high-forage diet (HF) regardless of pre-weaning management. Thirty-two Polypay conventionally raised (CR; n = 10 rams, 6 ewes) or artificially raised (AR; n =10 rams, 6 ewes) lambs (age: 84.0 ± 0.8 d) were blocked by sex and BW and randomly assigned to either a HC (85:15 concentrate: forage) or HF (50:50 concentrate:forage) finishing diet (n = 8 CR and AR lambs diet-1). Individually housed lambs were fed ad libitum and remained on feed through a target finishing weight of 59.0 or 54.4 kg for rams and ewes, respectively. Feed intake and BW gain were measured at 7-day intervals. Data were analyzed by PROC GLM in SAS (v. 9.4, SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Initial BW for CR lambs (39.0 ±.9 kg) was greater than for AR (32.9 ± 0.5 kg; P &lt; 0.01), but there was no difference between diets (P = 0.72) or pre-weaning by diet interaction (P = 0.54). Time on feed and average daily gain (ADG) did not differ between diets for CR (time on feed: 48.1 ± 2.8 d; ADG: 206.9 ±1.4 g∙d-1; P ≥ 0.22). In contrast, post-weaning diet did impact time on feed for AR lambs, with longer time on feed for HF (68.9 ± 2.5 d) than HC (56.2 ± 2.4 d; P &lt; 0.01). The ADG was also numerically greater for HC (424 ±9.8 g) than HF (370 ± 24.0 g) for AR lambs (P = 0.11). Dry matter intake (DMI) was less for CR lambs fed HC (35.16 ±.65 g kg BW-1∙d-1) than HF (41.32 ± 0.69 g∙kg BW-1∙d-1,P &lt; 0.01) but did not differ between diets for AR lambs (40.58 ±.35 g kg BW-1∙d-1; P = 0.99). The decreased DMI in CR lambs fed HC resulted in greater feed efficiency (0.26 ± 0.02) compared with lambs fed HF (0.21 ± 0.01; P = 0.03). Feed efficiency did not, however, differ by diet for AR lambs (HC: 0.27 ± 0.02; P = 0.64). Results of this study suggest that CR lambs were better able to adapt to a HF finishing diet than AR lambs. Additionally, CR lambs exhibited superior feed utilization when fed HC in comparison to HF, but this response was not found for AR lambs. Overall, these results demonstrate differential adaptation to HC vs. HF finishing diets in response to pre-weaning management.
Metabolic and bariatric surgery and obesity pharmacotherapy for cancer prevention: current status and future possibilities
Authors: Playdon Mary C , Hardikar Sheetal , Karra Prasoona , Hoobler Rachel , Ibele Anna R , Cook Katherine L , Kumar Amanika , Ippolito Joseph E , Brown Justin C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, progressive disease of excess adiposity that increases the risk of developing at least 13 types of cancer. This report provides a concise review of the current state of the science regarding metabolic and bariatric surgery and obesity pharmacotherapy related to cancer risk. Meta-analyses of cohort studies report that metabolic and bariatric surgery is independently associated with a lower risk of incident cancer than nonsurgical obesity care. Less is known regarding the cancer-preventive effects of obesity pharmacotherapy. The recent approval and promising pipeline of obesity drugs will provide the opportunity to understand the potential for obesity therapy to emerge as an evidence-based cancer prevention strategy. There are myriad research opportunities to advance our understanding of how metabolic and bariatric surgery and obesity pharmacotherapy may be used for cancer prevention.
Linking social and built environmental factors to leisure-time physical activity in rural cancer survivors
Authors: Stevens Courtney J , Liao Yue , Chen Minxing , Heredia Natalia I , Arem Hannah , Sukumar Jasmine , Joffe Lenat , Schmitz Kathryn H , Mama Scherezade K 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study explored associations between social and built environmental factors and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in rural cancer survivors (RCS) and whether these associations differed by exercise stage of change (SOC).MethodRCS (n = 219) completed questionnaires assessing LTPA, SOC, and social (social status, connectedness, support) and environmental (home environment, neighborhood environment) factors. Linear regression models examined associations between social and built environmental factors and LTPA and tested for moderation by SOC.ResultsHalf (50.7%) of RCS were physically active, and 49.3% were not active. Social factors positively associated with LTPA included subjective social status in the community (B = 89.0, P = .014) and in the United States (B = 181.3, P &lt; .001), social connectedness (B = 122.3, P = .024), and social support for physical activity from family (B = 41.9, P &lt; .001) and friends (B = 44.3, P &lt; .001). Environmental factors positively associated with LTPA included the home environment (B = 111.2, P &lt; .001), perceived environmental support for PA (B = 355.4, P = .004), and neighborhood attributes, including bicycling infrastructure (B = 191.3, P = .003), proximity to recreation facilities (B = 140.1, P = .021), traffic safety (B = 184.5, P = .025), and aesthetics (B = 342.6, P &lt; .001). SOC statistically significantly moderated the association between social status in the United States and LTPA (B = 160.3, P = .031).ConclusionsSocial and built environmental factors were consistently linked with LTPA and provide context for multilevel interventions promoting LTPA in RCS.
Key takeaways for knowledge expansion of early-career scientists conducting Transdisciplinary Research in Energetics and Cancer (TREC): a report from the TREC Training Workshop 2022
Authors: Kung Che-Pei , Skiba Meghan B , Crosby Erika J , Gorzelitz Jessica , Kennedy Mary A , Kerr Bethany A , Li Yun Rose , Nash Sarah , Potiaumpai Melanie , Kleckner Amber S , James Dara L , Coleman Michael F , Fairman Ciaran M , Galván Gloria C , Garcia David O , Gordon Max J , His Mathilde , Hornbuckle Lyndsey M , Kim So-Youn , Kim Tae-Hyung , Kumar Amanika , Mahé Mélanie , McDonnell Karen K , Moore Jade , Oh Sangphil , Sun Xinghui , Irwin Melinda L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The overall goal of the annual Transdisciplinary Research in Energetics and Cancer (TREC) Training Workshop is to provide transdisciplinary training for scientists in energetics and cancer and clinical care. The 2022 Workshop included 27 early-to-mid career investigators (trainees) pursuing diverse TREC research areas in basic, clinical, and population sciences. The 2022 trainees participated in a gallery walk, an interactive qualitative program evaluation method, to summarize key takeaways related to program objectives. Writing groups were formed and collaborated on this summary of the 5 key takeaways from the TREC Workshop. The 2022 TREC Workshop provided a targeted and unique networking opportunity that facilitated meaningful collaborative work addressing research and clinical needs in energetics and cancer. This report summarizes the 2022 TREC Workshop’s key takeaways and future directions for innovative transdisciplinary energetics and cancer research.
Opioid growth factor receptor promotes adipose tissue thermogenesis via enhancing lipid oxidation
Authors: Zhang Shan , Chen Jianhui , Li Qingqing , Zeng Wenwen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes consume fatty acids and generate heat to maintain core body temperature in the face of cold challenges. Since their validated presence in humans, the activation of thermogenic fat has been an attractive target for treating obesity and related metabolic diseases. Here, we reported that the opioid growth factor receptor (Ogfr) was highly expressed in adipocytes and promoted thermogenesis. The mice with genetic deletion of Ogfr in adipocytes displayed an impaired capacity to counter environmental cold challenges. Meanwhile, Ogfr ablation in adipocytes led to reduced fatty acid oxidation, enhanced lipid accumulation, impaired glucose tolerance, and exacerbated tissue inflammation under chronic high-fat diet (HFD)-fed conditions. At the cellular level, OGFr enhanced the production of mitochondrial trifunctional protein subunit α (MTPα) and also interacted with MTPα, thus promoting fatty acid oxidation. Together, our study demonstrated the important role of OGFr in fatty acid metabolism and adipose thermogenesis.
Updated MS²PIP web server supports cutting-edge proteomics applications
Authors: Declercq Arthur , Bouwmeester Robbin , Chiva Cristina , Sabidó Eduard , Hirschler Aurélie , Carapito Christine , Martens Lennart , Degroeve Sven , Gabriels Ralf 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Interest in the use of machine learning for peptide fragmentation spectrum prediction has been strongly on the rise over the past years, especially for applications in challenging proteomics identification workflows such as immunopeptidomics and the full-proteome identification of data independent acquisition spectra. Since its inception, the MS²PIP peptide spectrum predictor has been widely used for various downstream applications, mostly thanks to its accuracy, ease-of-use, and broad applicability. We here present a thoroughly updated version of the MS²PIP web server, which includes new and more performant prediction models for both tryptic- and non-tryptic peptides, for immunopeptides, and for CID-fragmented TMT-labeled peptides. Additionally, we have also added new functionality to greatly facilitate the generation of proteome-wide predicted spectral libraries, requiring only a FASTA protein file as input. These libraries also include retention time predictions from DeepLC. Moreover, we now provide pre-built and ready-to-download spectral libraries for various model organisms in multiple DIA-compatible spectral library formats. Besides upgrading the back-end models, the user experience on the MS²PIP web server is thus also greatly enhanced, extending its applicability to new domains, including immunopeptidomics and MS3-based TMT quantification experiments. MS²PIP is freely available at https://iomics.ugent.be/ms2pip/.