bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receptors for Immune Complexes on Cells Within a Non-Lymphoid Murine Tumor
Authors: Braslawsky Gary R. , Yaackubowicz Margalith , Frensdorff Asher , Witz Isaac P. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper we present evidence that antibodies unrelated to the tumor cell can comprise part of the in vivo Ig surface coat of cells derived from the non-lymphoid murine tumor, TA3/St. This was shown by incubating TA3 cells originating from other OA or BSA preimmunized mice with radioiodinated 125I-OA and 131I BSA. Radioiodine-labeled 125I-OA specifically fixed to cells derived from TA3/St tumors originating from OA-preimmunized mice. On the other hand 131I-BSA was specifically fixed by cell populations from BSA-preimmunized mice. Incubation of these cells in vitro at 37²C abolished the specific binding and antibody could subsequently be detected in the tissue culture medium.
Radioiodine labeled purified soluble antibody-antigen complexes could also be bound to cells derived from freshly harvested TA3/St tumors but not to their in vitro propagated counterparts. Removal of phagocytic or adherent cells from these cell populations decreased the binding of the complexed antibody on freshly harvested TA3/St populations, but did not eliminate it. Inhibition of complexed antibody binding was obtained when TA3/St cells (an H-2a tumor) were pre-incubated with anti H-2a antiserum. Propagation of the tumor in an F1 hybrid (A × C57BL) in which host cells could be distinguished from tumor cells by using an anti H-2b antiserum showed that binding of the immune complex was mostly limited to host cells infiltrating into the tumor population.
Further Studies of Homozygous C3 Deficiency
Authors: Alper C. A. , Colten H. R. , Gear J. S. S. , Rabson A. R. , Rosen F. S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Studies of the inheritance of C3 types and partial deficiency of C3 in over 100 relatives of a previously reported Afrikaner child with virtually no serum C3 revealed that she was homozygous for a C3 gene producing little or no C3, C3-. Metabolic studies with purified radiolabeled C3 in this patient showed a mildly elevated fractional catabolic rate and a markedly reduced synthesis rate for C3. There was also a mild increase in the rate of conversion in vitro of labeled C3 added to her serum and incubated at 37°C for 1 hr. The intradermal injection of C1̄s, which produces a marked increase in vasopermeability in the skin of normal subjects, produced no definite change in the patient, possibly implicating C3 or a protein in the alternative pathway as the normal mediator of this response. On incubating the patient's serum with purified cobra venom factor in the presence of unsensitized guinea pig erythrocytes, C5 inactivation and normal lysis of the red cells occurred, consistent with the venom factor being altered cobra C3.
Clinical Patterns of Bronchial Asthma in Relation to Complement Components
Authors: Kay A. B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In a recent report (Kay et al., Lancet 2:916, 1974), we suggested that measurements of the fourth component of complement (C4) may be of value in the classification of asthma since they correlated better with various asthma-associated clinical features than levels of circulating IgE. In the present study we have shown that 35 adults whose disease originated in childhood show a changing pattern in terms of allergy-associated clinical features with duration of disease and that these also correlated with levels of C4 but not with IgE. In particular, the wheeze pattern changed from episodic to chronic and the levels of C4 were correspondingly lower the longer the duration of the disease. A similar but less significant pattern was found with C3 but not with the individual complement components C1q, C3PA, C6, and C7. Since C4 is particularly sensitive to the action of activated C1, these results do not exclude the possibility that certain patients with chronic asthma have an immune complex-associated mechanism leading to bronchoconstriction possibly as a result of anaphylatoxin release.
Inhibition of C3a and C5a-Mediated Human Leukocyte Chemotaxis by Human C1 Inhibitor (C1 INH)
Authors: Liu David , Patrick Richard , Hollers James C. , Smith C. Wayne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
It has recently been reported (Smith et al., J. Immunol. 114:216, 1975) that C1 INH can influence complement-mediated chemotactic responsiveness of human blood leukocytes. Depending on the generating source of cytotaxin, the total number of cells responding may be either increased (enhancement) or decreased (inhibition) in the presence of C1 INH. A marked enhancement of chemotaxis was observed when chemotaxin(s) was generated from plasma with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zymosan, or immune complexes. Results of experiments using anti-C3 and/or anti-C5 suggested that C5a was involved in enhancement whereas C3a-mediated chemotaxis was inhibited with C1 INH. The action of C1 INH appeared to be reversible since washing the cells free of C1 INH led to an unaltered chemotactic response.
These experiments have been extended to include trypsin generated cytotaxin from human C3 and C5.
Modified Boyden chambers are routinely charged with 2 × 106 neutrophils/ml and supported in Hanks' balanced salt solution or medium 199 containing either 10% plasma or 1% BSA.
Activation of Properdin (P) and Assembly and Regulation of the Alternative Pathway C5 Convertase
Authors: Medicus R. G. , Götze O. , Müller-Eberhard H. J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Isolated 125I P̄ binds to EAC4b,3b (E-C3b) but not to EAC4b. Bound C3b is therefore considered the P̄ receptor. Partially purified 125I-labeled precursor P does not bind to E-C3b. P is activated and bound by E-C3b in the presence of components B, D̄ and Mg++. Activation was measured by the stabilizing effect of P on E- C5 convertase. Since P is bound to preformed E- in the presence of 0.02 M EDTA, cell-bound C is considered the P-activating principle. E- C5 convertase has a T/2 of 2.5 min at 37°C. It does not require C3 for formation or function. The Km for C5 is 1.4 × 10-7 M. The enzyme forms E-C5b,6,7 sites from C5 (25 µg/ml) and C6 and C7 which are present in 200-fold lower concentration. Addition of P or P̄ increases the T/2 to 8 to 16 min at 37°C. E-C acts on both C3 or C5, as measured by 125I C3 and 125I C5 uptake.
Functional and Structural Similarity Between Human C5 and a Component of Bovine Milk
Authors: Miller M. E. , Ganges R. G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Maximum opsonization of baker's yeast particles by normal human serum requires C5. Sera from mice genetically lacking C5 are deficient in yeast opsonic activity but can be restored to normal by addition of highly purified human C5. Human, animal, proprietary and soy milks are comparable to human C5 in opsonic reconstitution of C5-deficient mouse serum. This reconstitution by each milk is inhibited by highly purified anti-human C5. Further characterization of the opsonically active principle(s) in milk has been carried out by comparison of bovine milk with human C5 in the following assays: 1) effective molecular titration of hemolytically active C5 in plasma or milk by lysis of EAC14oxy23 cells in the presence of C6-9; 2) generation of chemotactic activities by addition of endotoxin or antigen-antibody complexes; 3) heat stability of opsonic activity; 4) inhibition of opsonic reconstitution by milk or plasma of C5-deficient mouse serum by addition of highly purified anti-C5, anti-C3, or anti-immunoglobulins; and 5) chromatographic separation.
Analysis of the Anticomplementary Specificities in Crotolus atrox Venom
Authors: Minta J. O. , Wasi S. , Isenman D. E. , Painter R. H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The availability of a variety of highly purified and well defined factors with different anticomplementary specificities could serve as useful tools for investigations on the biochemistry and role of the complement system in immunopathology. Accordingly, studies aimed at defining the nature and specificities of the anticomplementary factors in the venom of a poisonous North American rattle snake, Crotolus atrox (cav), have been undertaken.
Incubation of fixed amount of normal human serum (NHS) with the venom (CAV) at 37°C resulted in loss of total hemolytic activity as a function of CAV concentration and time of incubation. The anticomplementary activity of CAV was abolished on heating at 56°C for 45 min. Analysis of the reaction mixtures of NHS and CAV showed that the immunoelectrophoretic patterns of Clt, C3, C4, C5, and properdin Factor B were altered. The immunochemical changes induced by CAV were inhibited by 10-2 M EGTA or EDTA and not by 50 mg/ml of SBT1 or LBT1.
Interaction of Anionic Detergents with Human C3 and Consequent Alteration of C3 Antigenicity
Authors: Nilsson U. R. , Wyman S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Antisera raised against the isolated α and β subunits of human C3 (preparation: reduction-dissociation and Bio-Gel A-15 (Bio-Rad) gel filtration in 6 M guanidine HCl-10-2 M dithiothreitol, final dialysis against NaCl, Tris µ 0.15, pH 8.0) reacted specifically with their homologous antigens in double diffusion plates, but gave weak (anti-C3α) or no reaction (anti-C3β) when reacted with C3. Neither antiserum reacted with C3b (trypsin 1%, w/w, 2 min, 23°C). Anti-C3 gave no precipitin line with the isolated subunits. After treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or deoxycholate (DOC), C3 gained full expression of the α-β subunit antigenicity. Concomitantly a partial loss of antigenic reactivity with anti-C3 was observed. The described antigenic alteration of C3 occurred after exposure to SDS at 1.4 × 10-4 (C3/SDS = 4:1 w/w) or DOC at 2.7 × 10-3 M to 8.9 × 10-4 M (C3:DOC = 1.5:11 to 1.5:3.7 w/w) in NaCl µ 0.15, pH 7.4 and 9.0, respectively.
Absence of demonstrable effects of thymocytotoxic antibodies on serum thymic hormone level in NZB mice
Authors: Bach Jean-François , Dardenne Mireille , Bach Marie-Anne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sir: Drs. Gershwin, Steinberg et al. recently reported in the Journal of Immunology (1) data bearing on the evaluation of the mouse rosette assay for thymic hormone. These authors confirmed many of our previous findings on this matter, including: 1) the difference in sensitivity to azathioprine and anti-θ serum of spontaneous spleen rosette-forming cells (RFC)1 from normal and nude mice (2); 2) the restoration of normal azathioprine sensitivity in nude RFC after in vitro treatment with thymosin or normal mouse serum (3, 4) and 3) the age-dependent decrease in the serum level of thymic hormone in normal mice at the age of 6 months, and in NZB mice, prematurely, at the age of 2 months (5). This latter fact led us to the idea that NZB mice present an early cessation of thymic hormone secretion, which might be involved in pathogenesis of their autoimmune disease (5).
Solubilization and Partial Characterization of a Tumor-Associated Transplantation Antigen of the Guinea Pig L2C Leukemia
Authors: Hu Cheng-Po , Konen Theodore G. , Hoes Charles , Green Ira 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A tumor-associated transplantation antigen (TATA) from guinea pig L2C leukemia cells was solubilized by different methods. It was found that the 3 M KCl extraction yielded the most immunogenic TATA of L2C cells. Immunization of normal strain 2 guinea pigs with this extract in complete Freund's adjuvant gave complete protection against a subsequent challenge with tumor cells. Further fractionation of the KCl extract of L2C cells by Sephadex G-200 chromatography suggested that the immunogenic activity was present in the fraction containing materials with estimated m.w. of less than 20,000 daltons.
Assessment of Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity against Coxsackievirus B3 Viral-Induced Myocarditis Utilizing Hypertonic Salt Extracts of Cardiac Tissue
Authors: Paque Ronald E. , Gauntt Charles J. , Nealon Timothy J. , Trousdale Melvin D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hypertonic KCl extracts prepared from heart tissues of adolescent CD-1 mice inoculated with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) were tested for antigenicity in evaluating cell-mediated sensitivity to CVB3 virus utilizing the agarose droplet cell-migration-inhibition assay. Immune mouse peritoneal exudate cells (IMPEC) from mice immunized against CVB3 virus and Freund's complete adjuvant were specifically inhibited in the cell-migration-inhibition assay with graded doses of KCl-extracted antigen and purified protein derivative (PPD). Unimmunized or “normal” mouse peritoneal exudate cells (NMPEC) were not inhibited in the presence of the CVB3 KCl extracts. KCl heart extracts from mice inoculated with a cardiotropic strain of antigenically distinct mengovirus failed to inhibit CVB3 IMPEC, and noncardiac KCl extracts of liver and spleen from CVB3-inoculated mice also failed to inhibit cellular migration of CVB3 IMPEC. Reciprocal specificity experiments utilizing KCl-extracted antigens from mice infected with antigenically distinct cardiotropic mengovirus failed to inhibit cellular migration of IMPEC from mice immunized against the mengovirus. Serum-blocking power experiments indicate the antigenic KCl extracts failed to bind virus-neutralizing antibodies, indicating absence of detectable quantities of virion antigens. The results indicate that inoculation of mice with CVB3 virus results in the appearance of a new antigen(s) in cardiac tissue reacting with CVB3-IMPEC, but not with mengovirus IMPEC.
The Evolution of Immunosuppressive Cell Populations in Experimental Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Bullock Ward E. , Carlson Elaine M. , Gershon Richard K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Immunosuppressor activity of considerable potency and complexity was generated during the course of chronic, progressive infection of C3H/Anf mice by Mycobacterium lepraemurium. From the 5th through 10th week after inoculation, spleen cells from infected mice mildly but reproducibly suppressed the direct plaqueforming cell response of normal spleen cell cultures to sheep erythrocytes. Suppression at this stage of infection was mediated by cells with macrophage-like characteristics. A marked increase in splenic suppressor activity at 10 to 11 weeks was associated with the appearance of a second suppressor cell subpopulation composed of T lymphocytes. The appearance of these cells was closely related in time to the onset of rapid splenic enlargement and a loss of cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity to antigens of M. lepraemurium in mice at 10 to 11 weeks of infection. Suppressor cells were not present in peripheral lymph nodes until terminal infection at 22 to 25 weeks.
Suppressor spleen cells depressed the T-dependent antibody response most severely, but there was also a direct effect upon B cells as shown by moderate suppression of responses to TNP-LPS and DNP-Ficoll. Spleen cells from 14-week-infected mice generated a soluble suppressor factor(s) that induces depression of moderate severity, however, the immunosuppression by intact cells was far greater.
Molecular Identification of a Surface Structure on B Cells (Lyb-3) and Its Relationship to B Cell Triggering
Authors: Cone Robert E. , Huber Brigitte , Cantor Harvey , Gershon Richard K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination of cell surface proteins and immunochemical procedures are used to identify murine splenic lymphocyte membrane components bound by anti-Lyb-3 serum. This antiserum defines membrane components (Lyb-3) on a subpopulation of murine B cells that may function as a receptor for T cell signals. SDS-PAGE analysis of surface-labeled membrane components bound by anti-Lyb-3 serum demonstrated a single molecular species of 68,000 d. The polypeptides recognized by anti-Lyb-3 are not composed of disulfide-linked subunits and bear no antigenic relationship with known membrane immunoglobulins (IgM or IgD). Absorption of anti-Lyb-3 serum with the 68,000 d polypeptides removed the ability of anti-Lyb-3 serum to augment the in vivo immune response of mice to low doses of sheep erythrocytes. The latter provides formal proof that the 68,000 d polypeptide bound by anti-Lyb-3 serum is the target on the B cell membrane for the immunoenhancing activity of the antiserum.
Complement-Dependent Changes in the Emission Anisotropy of a Fluorescent Probe in Liposomes
Authors: Abramovitz Aaron S. , Shin Moon L. , Mayer Manfred M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
When liposomes carrying Forssman hapten are treated with anti-Forssman IgM and guinea pig serum as a source of complement, trapped 86Rb+ is released. The emission anisotropy (r) of added 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) has been measured in liposomes that were treated with antibody and complement and then separated from released 86Rb+ and most serum protein by agarose 50M gel exclusion chromatography. In untreated control dimyristoyl lecithin/cholesterol liposomes the anisotropy of DPH is r=0.315 (25°C). In controls treated with guinea pig serum but not with antibody, the r value decreases. For example, on addition of 150 µl serum to 0.17 µmole of liposomal phospholipid, the r value was 0.251. When antibody was included the r value declined to 0.179. Thus, a difference of 0.072 is attributable to complement. In a similar experiment, 69 µl C7-deficient human serum added to 0.084 µmole liposomal phospholipid in the presence of antibody gave r=0.287.
Solvent Effects on the Structure of Rabbit C1q̂, a Subcomponent of the First Component of Complement
Authors: Baillie R. D. , Paul S. M. , Liberti P. A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The effect of solvent conditions on the conformation of rabbit C1q̂ was studied by both spectroscopic and nonspectroscopic methods. The conformation of C1q in buffered saline solutions at pH 7.4 or 6.0 did not differ significantly from C1q at twice the saline concentration as determined with circular dichrosim, difference spectroscopy and tritium-hydrogen exchange techniques. Addition of calcium to the buffers had no structural effects in any of the conditions examined. Hydrogen exchange experiments performed at pH 7.4 were also unaffected by Mg++, Mn++ or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. With all the methods used a pH effect was observable between 5.1 and 8.3. From solvent perturbation difference spectroscopy results it was calculated that the equivalent of 9.7 and 6.2 moles of Tyr and Try, respectively per mole of C1q, become exposed at the lower pH. These changes suggest alterations in globular parts of the molecule.
Inflammatory Synthetic Peptides Related to C3a Anaphylatoxin
Authors: Caporale Lynn H. , Erickson Bruce W. , Hugli Tony E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Human C3a anaphylatoxin, the 77-residue polypeptide split from the NH2-terminus of the alpha chain of C3, causes contraction of smooth muscle, release of histamine from mast cells, and increase in vascular permeability. The 76-residue peptide formed by removing the COOH-terminal arginine from C3a shows none of these activities. In this study, oligopeptides from the COOH-terminus of C3a were synthesized by the solid-phase method and found to exhibit these inflammatory activities and to display the specificity of C3a. At a molar dose 50 times that required for C3a, the octapeptide with the sequence Ala-Ser-His-Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-Arg stimulated histamine-mediated contraction of guinea pig ileum strips, released vasoactive amines from rat mast cells, and increased the vascular permeability of human and guinea pig skin. Since it cross-desensitized the ileum to C3a but not to C5a or bradykinin, the octapeptide specifically mimicked the action of C3a. It was not chemotactic for human neutrophils over a broad range of concentrations.
C1 Binding to Complexes Consisting of Cross-linked Fc Molecules from Human Immunoglobulin G
Authors: Curd J. , Cooper N. R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The activation of the classical pathway of complement may occur when C1 is bound to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in immune complexes. In order to study the properties of C1 binding and activation we have prepared covalently cross-linked complexes of isolated Fc molecules. The Fc of human IgG was isolated from either limited papain digests or trypsin digests by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Using a C1 binding assay we found that monomeric Fc (papain) did not bind C1 even at concentrations as high as 1 mg/ml. Monomeric Fc (trypsin) did bind C1 weakly. The binding properties of polymeric Fc complexes produced by covalent cross-linking with dimethyl suberimidate in polyethylene glycol were remarkably different from those observed with monomeric Fc. Less than 0.2 µg/ml of Fc complexes found more than 50% of the C1 in the assay.
C3 Nephritic Factor (C3NeF): Heterogeneity, Polypeptide Chain Structure and Antigenic Reactivity
Authors: Daha M. R. , Austen K. F. , Fearon D. T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
C3NeF, recognized by its capacity to stabilize the cell-bound amplification convertase, C3b,Bb, was purified from sera of three patients with hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritis by QAE A-50 Sephadex and SP C-25 Sephadex chromatography, affinity for the amplification convertase and QAE A-50 Sephadex chromatography. C3NeF activity exhibited heterogeneity during cation exchange chromatography on SP C-25 Sephadex and on isoelectric focusing, with forms having peak pI's ranging from 8.35 to 8.9 C3NeF was further purified by interaction with purified B, D̄, and C3 to form fluid phase (C3b,Bb(C3NeF) which sedimented as a 10S complex on sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The C3NeF was recovered upon decay of the isolated convertase and was separated from C3b and Bi chromatography on QAE A-50 Sephadex (Daha, Austen and Fearon, J. Immunol. Sept. 1977). The final preparations exhibited specific functional activities of 45 to 50 units/µg protein and were radiolabeled with 125I without decrement in function.
IgG Subclass Studies of C3 Nephritic Factor (C3NeF)
Authors: Davis A. E. , Gelfand E. W. , Schur P. H. , Rosen F. S. , Alper C. A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The following evidence indicates that C3NeF, a 150,000 dalton protein found in the serum of two-thirds of patients with partial lipodystrophy and one-fifth of those with membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis, is an immunoglobulin: 1) C3NeF was absorbed by insolubilized anti-IgG, anti-Fc and anti-Fab and was eluted from these absorbents; 2) on isoelectric focussing, C3NeF in 20 patients consisted of multiple bands with pI's around 7.5 and differed from patient to patient; 3) C3NeF crossed the placenta from a patient to her fetus, was associated with low serum C3 concentration in her newborn infant and these abnormalities in the infant disappeared after two weeks; 4) C3NeF had κ antigenic determinants in three patients' serum, had λ determinants in one and in two sera, both. In the present studies insolubilized antisera to IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 were used to study the subclasses of C3NeF in the serum of five patients.
Demonstration of C5-Binding Sites on Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Dierich M. P. , Landen B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Structural homology between C3 and C5 as well as the C5 dependent enhancement of phagocytosis by human PMNL (Segerling, M and W. Opferkuch, Fed. Proc. 35, 273, 1976) prompted us to investigate the presence of binding sites for C5 on lymphoid cells carrying C3 receptors. Raji cells were mixed with solutions of varying concentrations of C5 (2.5–0.01 mg/ml), incubated for 20 min at 37°C and washed three times in buffer. These cells (Raji-C5) were then tested for rosette formation with EAC14oxy23b and EAC14oxy23d. Depending on the increasing concentration of C5 during the preincubation, Raji cells formed less rosettes: interaction with EAC14oxy23d could be depressed nearly completely by C5 (from 70% to 10%), while the interaction with EAC14oxy23b could never be reduced below a certain percentage (from 70% to 35%), This was in contrast to the action of C3, which could prevent Raji cells from reacting at all with either type of intermediate.