bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of Patient Bigotry Among Doctor of Audiology Graduate Clinicians: A Review and Recommendations
Authors: Kirjava Shade Avery , Vallejo Ricardo 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
Students in audiology clinical doctorate programs in the United States are required to participate in direct patient care under the supervision of a licensed precepting audiologist during their schooling. Audiology student clinicians commonly rotate through a variety of clinical settings with their own organizational structure, policies, and precepting clinicians. Systemic prejudice and stigma cause many of these student clinicians to experience bigotry from the patients they work with.

Method:
This review discusses the populations of audiology students at highest risk of patient bigotry and discusses the intersectionality of students with several historically marginalized identities.

Results:
Little scholarship exists in the field of audiology on the bigotry that graduate student clinicians experience. The effects of bigotry are reviewed, and practical guidance on preparing for and responding to bigotry from patients is provided.

Conclusions:
As health care workers, these students are essential workers contributing to the health and health care of the population, making their well-being a critical public health concern. Bigotry from others has been shown to contribute to mental illness, burnout, and poorer physical health among the people experiencing it.
Effect of Device-Assisted Therapy in Children With Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Rapid Review
Authors: Gosa Memorie M. , Marshall Jeanne 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the state of the evidence regarding device-assisted therapy for swallowing physiology and functional feeding outcomes in children with oropharyngeal dysphagia.

Method:
This rapid review methodology identified relevant literature through a narrow search strategy applied to three relevant databases using search strategies specific to the electronic database and searching the following keywords and their variations: “pediatric,” “dysphagia,” “device-assisted,” and “therapy.” Searches took place between February and March 2023. Device-assisted therapy was defined as therapy that utilized instruments capable of providing objective data about patient performance and/or providing mechanically controlled external stimulation to the client during therapy.

Results:
This rapid review identified seven peer-reviewed journal articles relating to device-assisted dysphagia therapy in pediatric patients, 1–18 years of age. Most of the included articles were observational in nature and reported on the impact of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on swallowing physiology in children. Critical appraisal of the experimental articles revealed generally small sample size and low methodological quality.

Conclusions:
This rapid review indicates that there is limited empirical evidence to support the use of device-assisted therapeutic modalities in children with oropharyngeal dysphagia 1–18 years of age. Further research into the effect of device-assisted therapeutic modalities on swallowing physiology and functional feeding outcomes in pediatric populations is immediately required.
Optimising Cardiopulmonary Bypass Utilizing Continuous Oxygen Saturation Monitoring
Authors: Page Paul A. , Birenbaum lrv B. , Thomas Larry , Baldwin Robert C. , Benak Arnold 
Published: September 2023

Proper management of cardiopulmonary bypass requires the analysis of both arterial and venous blood gases at regular intervals, and is most critical during the rewarming phase. 3,4 In some hospitals blood gas results are received as long as 15 to 30 minutes after the sample is drawn. More frequent blood gas analysis or ideally continuous measurement of oxygen saturation allows the perfusionist to make continuous adjustments as the patient’s oxygen requirements change. Two hundred patients were selected for study. One hundred were perfused using regular periodic blood analyses. A second group of one hundred patients were perfused utilizing an in-line saturation meter.
The blood flow rate was 6% lower during hypothermia and 5% lower while warm in the group utilizing the saturation meter. The total gas flow rate was reduced by 20% while cold and 16% while warm in the metered group. The CPB arterial and venous pO2 RANGES were reduced with the use of the oxygen saturation meter. The same make of hybrid oxygenator was utilized on all patients in both study groups.
Based on the close correlation of the oxygen saturations afforded by the saturation meter and those measured by the blood gas laboratory, we found the Bentley Oxygen Saturation Meter reliable and accurate. It may help protect the patient from extremes in oxygenation and allows the perfusionist to regulate the oxygenator in the most precise and efficient operation.
The Contribution of Individual Style to Stress in the Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Team
Authors: Friday Paul J. , Larkin Kevin T. 
Published: September 2023

Interpersonal orientations of thoracic surgeons, operating room nurses, and perfusionists were assessed and found to differ substantially. It is proposed that these differences may contribute to increased stress-related symptoms within as well as outside of the operating room
Recent surveys1,2,3 have reported increased prevalance for stress-related symptoms such as alcohol abuse, drug addiction, marital discord, and even suicide among individuals functioning as part of thoracic surgery teams. Several factors, including the close proximity to death during and immediately following surgery, overcoming increased public prominence, and prolonged work hours with decreasing rewards have been projected as potential explanatory mechanisms for this phenomenen4. While these factors certainly account for a portion of the stress experienced in the operating room, investigations on personality differences and interpersonal orientations have been largely neglected in uncovering answers to this increasingly serious problem.
Each individual on the thoracic surgery team, from surgeon to nurse to perfusionist, possesses a unique interpersonal style that may help or hinder functioning as a member of a team. In addition, one's perception of interpersonal styles of the other members of the surgery team also has an effect on the level of stress in the operating room. These perceptions may affect whether individuals will function congruently or in conflict with one another. It can be proposed then, that the differing perceptions of inter-personal functioning in the operating room may be a major foundation for the rising levels of distress in the O.R.
In one of the most prominent theories of interpersonal behavior, Dr. Karen Horney5 described three general interpersonal styles: The individual's tendency to move toward other people (pleasantness); the tendency to move against other people (bluster); and the tendency to withdraw or move away from other people (selfisolate). According to Horney, the well-balanced individual should possess equivalent elements of all three styles. The tendency to neglect one mode and/or over use another may indicate the presence of considerable interpersonal strain and possible neurotic tendencies that could lead to stress-related symptoms. The purpose of this investigation is to assess interpersonal styles or traits, as defined by Horney, of individuals composing the thoracic surgery team.
It was hypothesized that significant variances in the three orientations ("toward," "against," or "away from'') or significant differences in perceptions of these orientations could be a foundation for the high stress levels in the lives of cardiovascular surgery team members.
A Computer Monitored, Recirculating, Equilibrium Test Circuit for Artificial Blood Oxygenator Gas and Heat Transfer Characterization
Authors: Riley J.B. , Fitch R.W. , Winn B.A. , Hurdle M.B. 
Published: September 2023

An In Vitro test circuit that features continuous direct monitoring of blood gases, pH, temperature, hemoglobin O2 saturation, blood flow, gas flow and pressure is presented. Previous test circuit designs and features are presented.
A microcomputer monitors the directly measured parameters, presents the investigator with test control variables and allows the user to collect gas and heat transfer data with a single key stroke. Control parameters and test results are presented immediately and stored in a data file for statistical analysis and graphic presentation.
The microcomputer is employed to present the technologist with AAMI Standard test condition parameters and variables that quantitate oxygenator "stress" to allow rapid control of the deoxygenator loop. The computer assisted ability to control test conditions facilitates testing, improves the statistical consistency of the data and minimizes time to collect, analyze and compare device data.
Employing the computer test circuit decreased study time for a single device characterization from 8 hours to 2-3 hours. Additionally, hemoglobin P50, mixed venous blood conditions, the forcing function for O2 and CO2 transfer, the test oxygenator respiratory quotient and failure conditions are easily monitored, eliminating the recording of invalid data.
Gravity Drainage Capabilities of Venous Tubing and Catheters
Authors: Frazier Thomas M. 
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this paper is for the examination and discussion of the gravity return capabilities of three tubing sizes using three different elevational drops of twenty (20), twenty-five (25), and thirty (30) inches. In addition, the gravity flow limitations of twelve different sized venous catheters combined with these venous lines are evaluated under the same conditions.
It is our conclusion the gravity drainage capability of the one quarter inch venous line ranges from 1.5 to 2.1 liters per minute. The three-eighths line ranges from 2.7 to 3.5 liters per minute, and the one-half inch line ranges from 7.5 to 9.6 liters per minute.
Heparin Reversal in Children Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Friesen Robert H. , Hydrick Dan R. 
Published: September 2023

Inadequate or excessive doses of heparin and protamine during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are associated with both theoretical and well-documented real complications. A simple and safe method of determining optimal doses of heparin and protamine has its place in pediatric cardiac surgery.
Use of a heparin dose-activated clotting time (ACT) response curve method was compared to an older arbitrarily fixed dose method of anticoagulation management for CPB in 85 infants and children. All patients were initially heparinized with 3 mg/kg heparin. In group 1, a two point dose-response curve, generated prior to CPB, was used to determine doses of incremental heparin during CPB and protamine following CPB. In group 2, fixed doses of incremental heparin (1.5 mg/kg each hr of CPB) and protamine (2:1 ratio of protamine to initial heparin dose) were administered.
Age, weight, and duration of CPB were similar in each group. Adequate maintenance of anticoagulation with heparin and its reversal with protamine were demonstrated by ACTs in each group. However, group 1 patients required 28% less heparin (P < 0.01) and 39% less protamine (P < 0.01) than did group 2 patients. The authors conclude that the dose-response curve provides a simple and reliable method to optimize anticoagulation management during CPB in pediatric patients.
Hepatic Resection Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Total Circulatory Arrest
Authors: Hydrick Dan R. , Clarke David R. , Campbell David N. , Pappas George , Chang Jack H.T. 
Published: September 2023

Hepatoblastomas are the third most common malignant intra-abdominal tumor and are universally fatal without resection. Resections of these tumors are often difficult due to their size. Chemotherapy is frequently used to reduce the size of the tumor and allow resection. Hepatic resection is often complicated with excessive bleeding and with an attendant mortality of 10 to 30%.
Cardiopulmonary bypass with total circulatory arrest was used on three patients for hepatic resection. The extracorporeal circuit consisted of a membrane oxygenator and a pulsatile flow pump. Pulsatile flow was utilized for its advantageous effects on cooling and rewarming times. An average time of 13 minutes was needed to cool the patient to a rectal temperature of 17°C. Upon reaching this temperature, systemic circulation was stopped and the patient was exsanguinated into the extracorporeal circuit. During circulatory arrest, tumor resection was performed. Circulatory arrest time averaged 37 minutes. After resection was completed, the patients were rewarmed to 37°C with an average time of 27 minutes and were gradually weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass.
This technique allows tumor resection in a bloodless environment and free retraction without fear of diminished circulation. Also, blood usage is minimal and blood conservation can be optimized.
The usage of ultra dilutions in agriculture
Authors: Haspolat Gulden 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Landwirtschaft hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu deutlichen Umweltproblemen
geführt, die sich nachteilig auf die Natur und die Gesundheit auswirken.
Aus diesem Grund haben sich ökologisch und ökonomisch
verantwortungsvolle landwirtschaftliche Methoden stark ausgebreitet, zu denen
auch die fortgeschrittene Forschung und Entwicklung im Bereich der nachhaltigen
Landwirtschaft gehören. Werden Verdünnungen
homöopathischer Arzneimittel in diesem Bereich eingesetzt, spricht man
von Agrohomöopathie. Die Behandlung von Pflanzen mit Homöopathie
trägt zum Schutz der Umwelt bei: ein Gewinn für beide Seiten.
Sie hat wichtige Auswirkungen auf die Herstellung von Lösungen auf
natürlicher Basis sowohl für den Pflanzenschutz als auch
für die Widerstandsfähigkeit der Pflanzen gegenüber
Stressfaktoren.In diesem Beitrag wurden Studien zur Agrohomöopathie aus aller Welt
zusammengestellt. Agrohomöopathiestudien werden sowohl akademisch als
auch nichtakademisch in Form der direkten Praxis in Ländern wie Italien,
Brasilien, Mexiko, Indien, Deutschland usw. durchgeführt. Viele Faktoren
sind wichtig für den Erfolg der Anwendung, ob die Studien unter Labor-
oder Feldbedingungen durchgeführt werden, die Auswahl der Mittel
für diesen Verwendungszweck, die Bestimmung ihrer Potenz sowie die Art
und Häufigkeit der Anwendung. Um den breiten Einsatz der
Agrohomöopathie zu gewährleisten, ist es sinnvoll, Methoden auf
der Grundlage akademischer Studien festzulegen. Mit der Fähigkeit,
Pflanzen mit geringen Dosen nichttoxischer Chemikalien zu behandeln, sowie den
erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen aufgrund niedriger Kosten,
höherer Erträge und besserer Erntequalität kann die
Agrohomöopathie vorteilhafte Lösungen bieten.
Introducing Academic Freedom in Constitutions: a new global dataset, 1789–2022
Authors: Spannagel Janika 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Academic Freedom in Constitutions dataset is a new resource that empirically maps constitutional guarantees of the freedom of science, of academic freedom, and of university autonomy in 203 countries, spanning the period from 1789 to 2022. While the topic of academic freedom has been gaining increasing prominence in political and legal research over the past decade, it is so far largely absent from the comparative constitutional literature. However, its global codification process holds interesting insights for the study of international norm diffusion, both with respect to its functional connection to higher education development and its distinct constitutional genealogies. The paper first introduces the dataset and explains how it is different from previous coding efforts, before discussing its significance and potential contributions to the comparative legal literature, political science, and other research.
The grammaticalization of impossibility
Authors: Liu Meili , Cuyckens Hubert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study, based on the analysis of historical corpus data, investigates the diachronic development of the Mandarin modal auxiliarywufaand establishes implications both for the grammaticalization of modals and for grammaticalization theory in general. Specifically, our study shows the following results: (1) The grammaticalization ofwufais characterized by coalescence, paradigmaticization, obligatorification, fixation, desemanticization, decategorialization and divergence. (2) Underlying mechanisms at work are structural reanalysis, later followed by syntactic expansion and host-class expansion. (3) The grammaticalization ofwufaon the one hand confirms the diachronic path proposed in previous studies, viz., from root possibility to epistemic possibility; within the development of root possibility, however, it demonstrates a distinct path—from participant-external possibility to participant-internal possibility; it is suggested that an important driving force behind this peculiar development path is the Chinese cultural preference for collectivism. (4) The lexical source of modalwufais a verb-complement sequence (rather than a single full verb).
Fostering human animal earthling identities in Just One Health messages for multi-species food justice
Authors: Freeman Carrie P. , Merskin Debra 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The commitment of One Health appears at first glance to be an inclusive, intersectional approach to achieving overall wellbeing for all living beings. And yet, as reflected in the call for submissions for this special edition on the dilemma of animal-source food within One Health, it rarely includes, much less centers, animal species (other than humans) in the discussion surrounding our use of their lives, milks, eggs, babies, or bodies. In this article, we are responding to the call of authors who suggest a Just One Health approach can rhetorically infuse more humility and interconnectedness in positioning humans in and among other animals who also want to live freely in safe, healthy habitats. A multi-species justice ethic (blending human and animal rights into the broader rights of ecosystems) should be incorporated as part of Just One Health’s decision-making criteria.

One Health impact statement
The One Health approach to public health integrates the interests, ethics, and rights of humans, animals, and global ecosystems. However, it rarely includes, much less centers, animal species (other than humans) in discussions. A Just One Health approach does this, including other species as primary stakeholders in decisions that impact them and considers animal well-being not as objects but as subjects. A potential solution is to bring animal perspectives in from the margins to the center of ethical considerations and adjust the language used to describe them. This inclusion is critical to the ongoing development of this approach.
Kinetic analysis of 2D Mo2C crystal growth via CVD
Authors: Buke Goknur Cambaz , Caylan Omer Refet , Ogurtani Omer Tarik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We investigated the growth mechanism of 2D Mo2C crystals by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under various time and temperature conditions. The growth kinetics and mechanism of Mo2C on Cu via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were investigated using a modified Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) model. To analyze the surface coverage, we employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and applied the modified JMAK model to determine the growth rate and activation energy. The growth rate of Mo2C exhibited temperature-dependent behavior, described by the Arrhenius relationship, with an apparent activation energy of 4 eV. The Avrami plot exhibited an exponent of 3 indicating a complex process with nucleation and growth.
Wide-angle effects in the galaxy bispectrum
Authors: Pardede Kevin , Di Dio Enea , Castorina Emanuele 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Primordial non-Gaussianities (PNG) leave unique signatures in the bispectrum of the large-scale structure. With upcoming galaxy surveys set to improve PNG constraints by at least one order of magnitude, it is important to account for any potential contamination. In our work we show how to include wide-angle effects into the 3-dimensional observed galaxy bispectrum. We compute the leading wide-angle corrections to the monopole, finding that they could mimic local PNG with an amplitude of f
NL = 𝒪(0.1). We also compute the dipole induced by wide-angle effects, whose amplitude is a few-percent of the flat-sky monopole.
We estimate that wide-angle effects in the monopole can be safely neglected for survey volumes of the order of 8 Gpc3
h
-3, while the dipole can start being detected from surveys probing volumes larger than 50 Gpc3
h
-3.
Our formalism can be readily adapted to realistic survey geometries and to include relativistic effects, which may become relevant at high redshifts.
Creep and microstructure stability of different purity aluminium and its alloy processed by ECAP method
Authors: Dvořák J. , Král P. , Kadomtsev A.G. , Betekhtin V.I. , Narykova M.V. , Sklenička V. , Kvapilová M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a perspective method for preparation of ultrafine-grained materials. A coarse-grained aluminium with different purity and Al-0.2Sc alloy were processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) to evaluate the effect of severe plastic deformation on the thermal stability of resulting ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure and on creep behaviour of the SPD processed samples. These materials were subjected to ECAP up to 8 passes by route BC at room temperature with a die that had an internal angle of 90° between the two parts of the channel. The microstructural investigations were performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) unit. Tension creep tests in constant load regime were conducted at temperature of 473 K on a both coarse-grained and UFG states of materials. It was found that creep behaviour of aluminium and its alloy is influences by their grain size, stability during creep test, material purity, solid solution and precipitate strengthening and fraction of high-angle grain boundaries development during ECAP process. While creep resistance of pure aluminium at elevated temperatures is improved already after 1 ECAP pass, further ECAP passes lead to degradation of creep life in case of low purity Al and Al-0.2Sc alloy.
Study of the structural properties and electrical conductivity of the epoxy/polyaniline composites
Authors: Salloomi Nadia M , Essa Hanaa K , Mohammed Khalid G , Alwan Tariq J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, pure samples of epoxy doped with Polyaniline (PANI) were prepared and studied. The casting method was employed to prepare the samples with different doped ratios of PANI (1, 2, 3 %wt) and the morphological, structural and electrical properties of the prepared samples were examined. The field-emission scanning electron microscope FE-SEM images revealed that the doping of PANI improves the morphology of the samples by reducing the cracks in the surface of the samples, while the X-ray diffraction spectra showed that the samples are all polycrystalline and that the crystal structure enhances by increasing the percentage of PANI in samples. The functional groups and bonds were confirmed through infrared spectra examinations FT-IR in the range of 400-4000 cm-1. The electrical tests represented by the D.C conductivity demonstrated an increase in conductivity with an increase in PANI doping, where its value was 1.34E-9 for pure epoxy sample and increases up to 3.44E-9 for samples doped with 3%wt PANI.