bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulating Stablecoins in the European Union. Asset-Referenced Tokens and E-Money Tokens
Authors: Alcorta José García 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStablecoins are regulated in the European Union under Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 on Markets in Crypto-assets. That Regulation establishes a bespoke legislative regime for ‘asset-referenced tokens’ and ‘electronic money tokens’. Both are crypto assets, i.e., digital representations of a value or a right that can be transferred and stored electronically using distributed ledger technology or similar technology. Both aim to maintain a stable value by referencing another value or right, a specified asset, pool, or basket of assets. Finally, existing EU financial services legislation covers none of them.This work describes the main features of those crypto assets. Current rules seek to provide legal certainty for issuers of stablecoins in the UE (by imposing a common set of provisions applicable to all of them regarding their authorisation, governance requirements, etc.), give appropriate protection for holders of those crypto assets (by regulating their rights against issuers, the rules applicable to crypto-asset white papers or the marketing communications), or address potential financial stability and monetary policy risks that could arise from their use as a means of exchange (by monitoring or restricting the issuance).
Metric symmetry and distance distribution functions on graphs
Authors: Calabuig J. M. , Sánchez Pérez E. A. , Sanjuan S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAfter reviewing various notions of symmetry in graph theory, which are typically defined by the connections between vertices, we demonstrate that traditional concepts of symmetry, such as vertex transitivity, can be too restrictive for certain applications. For instance, in some areas of graph analysis, symmetry based on metric properties (such as average distances between vertices) may be more appropriate, particularly in social network analysis or economic fraud detection. This paper focuses on developing metric-based symmetry concepts by introducing mathematical analysis tools, all related to the central idea of the distance distribution function, to group vertices according to their distance-related properties within the graph. In particular, we prove several results that show, under certain compactness properties for the set of distribution functions of all the vertices in an infinite graph, that it is always possible to group these vertices into a finite number of classes with the desired accuracy based on distances.
Predicting acute and late toxicity in prostate cancer stereotactic ablative radiotherapy: the role of dosimetric parameters and prostate volume
Authors: Ozyigit Gokhan , Hurmuz Pervin , Bayatfard Pantea , Tilki Burak , Yedekci Yagiz , Yilmaz Melek Tugce 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
Our objective was to identify the dosimetric parameters and prostate volume that most accurately predict the incidence of acute and late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity in prostate cancer stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) treatments.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 122 patients who received SABR for prostate cancer at our clinic between March 2018 and September 2022 using a five-fraction SABR regimen. The existing plans of these patients were re-evaluated according to our institutional protocols (Hacettepe University [HU-1] and HU-2) as well as PACE‑B, RTOG 0938, and NRG GU005 dose–volume constraints. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).

Results
The median follow-up was 24.7 months (0.8–94.4 months). For acute GU toxicity, moderate-dose regions were predictive for grade 1–2 toxicity, while high-dose regions were more associated with grade 3–4 toxicity. For late GU toxicity, moderate–high-dose regions were predictive. For GI toxicity, moderate-dose regions were important for both acute and late toxicity. The HU protocol encompassed all significant dosimetric factors influencing toxicity outcomes. A prostate volume threshold of 60 cc was predictive of acute grade 3–4 GU toxicity.

Conclusion
Our study highlighted the critical role of moderate-dose regions for acute and late GI and GU toxicity. Prostate treatment plans should be rigorously evaluated, and moderate doses should be minimized. The HU protocol is an eligible choice for five-fraction SABR plans.
The clinical impact of chronopharmacology on current medicine
Authors: Kaşkal Mert , Sevim Mustafa , Ülker Gökay , Keleş Caner , Bebitoğlu Berna Terzioğlu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOne of the goals of clinical pharmacology is to optimize patient treatment by adopting new treatment strategies which will increase the efficacy of the treatment and decrease the adverse effects of the drugs. In the literature, it has shown that the effectiveness and toxicity of medications can vary significantly based on when they are administered, making timing a crucial factor in treatment plans. Chronopharmacology a relatively new branch of clinical pharmacology focuses on adjusting drug administration times to enhance patient outcomes. Chronopharmacology is largely influenced by an individual’s circadian rhythm which refers to periodic changes in biological processes depending on the time of the day. The chronopharmacology influences clinical practice, and the accumulating knowledge in this field will likely lead healthcare providers to adopt new strategies for drug treatment regimens. This review aims to summarize the impact of chronopharmacology particularly on current clinical practices and highlight the latest findings related to chronophysiological mechanisms.
Deep multi-objective reinforcement learning for utility-based infrastructural maintenance optimization
Authors: van Remmerden Jesse , Kenter Maurice , Roijers Diederik M. , Andriotis Charalampos , Zhang Yingqian , Bukhsh Zaharah 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce multi-objective deep centralized multi-agent actor-critic (MO-DCMAC), a multi-objective reinforcement learning method for infrastructural maintenance optimization, an area traditionally dominated by single-objective reinforcement learning (RL) approaches. Previous single-objective RL methods combine multiple objectives, such as probability of collapse and cost, into a singular reward signal through reward-shaping. In contrast, MO-DCMAC can optimize a policy for multiple objectives directly, even when the utility function is nonlinear. We evaluated MO-DCMAC using two utility functions, which use probability of collapse and cost as input. The first utility function is the threshold utility, in which MO-DCMAC should minimize cost so that the probability of collapse is never above the threshold. The second is based on the failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis methodology used by asset managers to assess maintenance plans. We evaluated MO-DCMAC, with both utility functions, in multiple maintenance environments, including ones based on a case study of the historical quay walls of Amsterdam. The performance of MO-DCMAC was compared against multiple rule-based policies based on heuristics currently used for constructing maintenance plans. Our results demonstrate that MO-DCMAC outperforms traditional rule-based policies across various environments and utility functions.
Automated insulin delivery in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Stamati Athina , Christoforidis Athanasios 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Aims
To assess the efficacy and safety of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems compared to standard care in managing glycaemic control during pregnancy in women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM).

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, registries and conference abstracts up to June 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing AID to standard care in pregnant women with T1DM. We conducted random effects meta-analyses for % of 24-h time in range of 63–140 mg/dL (TIR), time in hyperglycaemia (> 140 mg/dl and > 180 mg/dL), hypoglycaemia (< 63 mg/dl and < 54 mg/dL), total insulin dose (units/kg/day), glycemic variability (%), changes in HbA1c (%), maternal and fetal outcomes.

Results
Thirteen studies (450 participants) were included. AID significantly increased TIR (Mean difference, MD 7.01%, 95% CI 3.72–10.30) and reduced time in hyperglycaemia > 140 mg/dL and > 180 mg/dL (MD – 5.09%, 95% CI – 9.41 to – 0.78 and MD – 2.44%, 95% CI – 4.69 to – 0.20, respectively). Additionally, glycaemic variability was significantly reduced (MD – 1.66%, 95% CI – 2.73 to – 0.58). Other outcomes did not differ significantly.

Conclusion
AID systems effectively improve glycaemic control during pregnancy in women with T1DM by increasing TIR and reducing hyperglycaemia without any observed adverse short-term effects on maternal and fetal outcomes.
How I do it — focused Sylvian approach for clipping of middle cerebral artery aneurysms
Authors: Neyazi Milad , Khajuria Rajiv Kumar , Muhammad Sajjad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The Focused Sylvian Approach (FSA) is a refined, minimally invasive technique for clipping small to medium-sized middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms, prioritizing safety and aesthetics.

Method
The craniotomy remains confined to the superior temporal line, with the incision concealed within the temporal muscle. The Sylvian fissure is carefully dissected to preserve venous structures.

Conclusion
FSA achieves optimal vascular control with superior cosmetic outcomes while maintaining adequate exposure for safe aneurysm clipping.
Mental health during and after pregnancy in medically assisted reproduction: a danish cohort study
Authors: Grønlund Marie Mulvad , Jølving Line Riis , Möller Sören , Wesselhoeft Rikke , Bliddal Mette 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
Infertility is common and an increasing number of women go through medically assisted reproduction (fertility treatment) to achieve pregnancy. This may affect mental health. We examined if fertility treatment and the specific fertility treatment method used (in vivo or in vitro) were associated with impaired mental health during or after pregnancy.

Methods
Using self-reported data from the Odense Child Cohort, we assessed prenatal stress by the 10-item Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) during pregnancy at median gestational week 27 and postnatal depressive symptoms by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at median postpartum week 15. We compared fertility-treated women overall and by fertility treatment method to women who conceived spontaneously. We conducted linear regression analyses to evaluate the PSS-10 score dimensionally and logistic regression to evaluate EPDS scores above cut-off (≥ 11).

Results
A total of 108 of 820 women (13%) gave birth after fertility treatment. Their prenatal mean stress (PSS-10) score was 11.38 compared to 11.78 for women who conceived spontaneously, leading to an adjusted mean difference of -0.09 points (95% confidence interval (CI): -1.88 to 1.69). In the fertility-treated group, 9.7% had EPDS scores ≥ 11 compared to 10.7% in the spontaneous conception group (adjusted odds ratio of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.26 to 1.91)). The MAR method (in vivo/vitro) did not influence these results.

Conclusion
Women who gave birth after fertility treatment did not report higher levels of prenatal stress or postpartum depressive symptoms than women who conceived spontaneously.
Correlation of endoscopic third ventriculostomy with postoperative body temperature elevation: a single-center retrospective comparative study
Authors: Issa Mohammed , Dannehl Clara , Seitz Angelika , Lenga Pavlina , Syrbe Steffen , Krieg Sandro M. , El Damaty Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPostoperative fever following neuroendoscopic procedures has been well-documented, yet specific differentiation based on the nature and site of the procedure remains lacking. Given the anatomical involvement of the hypothalamus in temperature regulation, we propose that endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) may have a distinct impact on postoperative fever. This study aims to investigate this phenomenon. This retrospective comparative analysis includes all patients who underwent neuroendoscopic procedures between January 2017 and September 2023. Patients were divided into ETV and non-ETV groups, and comparisons were made regarding postoperative body temperature during the initial 7 days after surgery. Comprehensive data were collected on case numbers, surgical duration, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. Body temperature was measured postoperatively in the morning and evening for 7 days, with elevated temperature categorized as sub-fever (37.5 to 38.2 °C) and fever (≥ 38.3 °C). 207 patients underwent neuroendoscopic procedures in our neurosurgical centers (median age19.1 ± 21.7 years, 50.7% male), primarily for aqueduct stenosis (25.6%) and intra- and periventricular tumors (25.1%). Among them, 104 (50.2%) patients underwent ETV, while 103 (49.8%) underwent other neuroendoscopic procedures (43.7% intracranial cysts fenestrations, 39.8% placement of intraventricular catheters, 3.9% intraventricular lavage, 4.9% septostomy, and 5.8% tumor biopsy). All postoperative infections were excluded. No significant differences were observed in preoperative symptoms, laboratory findings, or postoperative antibiotic usage between the two groups. The ETV group exhibited significantly more postoperative fever (37.5% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.005), particularly from the first night to the third night after the operation. This study substantiates the hypothesis that manipulation of the floor of third ventricle through endoscopic ventriculostomy may contribute to postoperative fever, rather than the neuroendoscopic procedure. Elevated temperatures were observable from the first night post-surgery and typically normalized by third day without necessitating specific treatment. Further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying intraoperative manipulation.
Cape Vultures (Gyps coprotheres) on camera: assessing the behaviour of a vulnerable, colonially nesting raptor with temperature and time of day at nest sites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: de Freitas Danica , Gray Jacqui , Ehlers Smith Yvette , Geary Matthew , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Cape Vulture (Gyps coprotheres) has the smallest range of any vulture species in Africa, Europe or Asia and is substantially impacted by anthropogenic factors because of their low productivity and long maturation times. Almost year-round presence at breeding colonies makes understanding Cape Vulture breeding behaviour essential for their conservation. Camera traps, a first for this species, were used to investigate the effect of time of day and temperature on the presence and behaviours performed at nest sites. The number of vultures at a nest site was likely to be higher during the early morning and late afternoon when temperatures were lower, with significantly fewer individuals present at higher temperatures in the days before and after laying. Attendance of at least one adult at the nest was recorded for 86.9% and 99.8% of time points in the days before and after laying, respectively. Almost-constant attendance during incubation may also be necessitated by predation pressure, with this study providing observation of possible predation pressure by White-necked Ravens (Corvus albicollis) at the colony. Here, we demonstrate that camera trapping is an effective method of studying Cape Vulture breeding behaviour, which improves understanding and allows more informed conservation measures to be implemented. Cape Vulture nest attendance is affected by temperature, so this species may be vulnerable to climatic changes and subsequent changes in predation pressure.
Wireless power-up and readout from a label-free biosensor
Authors: Raji Hassan , Xie Pengfei , Tayyab Muhammad , Meng Zhuolun , Mahmoodi Seyed Reza , Javanmard Mehdi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWearable and implantable biosensors have rapidly entered the fields of health and biomedicine to diagnose diseases and physiological monitoring. The use of wired medical devices causes surgical complications, which can occur when wires break, become infected, generate electrical noise, and are incompatible with implantable applications. In contrast, wireless power transfer is ideal for biosensing applications since it does not necessitate direct connections between measurement tools and sensing systems, enabling remote use of the biosensors. In addition, wireless sensors eliminate the need for a battery or energy harvester, reducing the size of the sensor. As far as we are aware, this is the first report ever describing a new method for wireless readout of a label-free electronic biosensor for detecting protein biomarkers. Our results reveal that we are able to successfully detect target protein and corresponding antibodies within this wireless setup. We are able to distinguish target protein in purified samples from a blank PBS sample as a negative control by tracking gradual changes in impedance at the input of the transmitter (P-value = 0.00788). We also demonstrate real-time wireless quantification of cytokines within rheumatoid arthritis patient serum samples (P-value = 0.00891). A Fine Gaussian Support Vector Machine is also used to differentiate protein from negative controls with the highest accuracy from a dataset of 54 experiments.
Policing cross-border fraud ‘Above and below the surface’: mapping actions and developing a more effective global response
Authors: Button Mark , Hock Branislav , Suh Joon Bae , Koh Chol Soo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCross-border fraud, including its various forms such as online retail fraud, pyramid schemes, romance fraud and pig butchering, is a major problem around the world. Despite clear evidence that cross-border fraud is growing, there is little research charting the scale of cross-border fraud and the optimal policing responses to deal with it. This paper aims to fill this research gap by exploring what we know about the nature of cross-border fraud and current policing response. Unlike in other crime areas with a cross-border element, international bodies and nation states have shown very little interest in addressing cross-border frauds through what we term the higher profile ‘above the surface’ activities. Instead, policing responses have been present on a much larger scale in the private sector ‘below the surface’, with much less profile. Moreover, the paper argues that while cooperation and coordination between the public and private sector actors is crucial, there are very few policing structures bringing these diverse actors together to tackle cross-border fraud, among other gaps. By drawing on examples of alternative structures dealing with cross-border economic crime, the paper informs policy-makers by mapping out key actions and structures which should be considered to better tackle the global problem of cross-border fraud.
Networks of Inclusive Exclusion: Social Capital and Resilient Rural Livelihoods in the Southern Great Plains (SGP)
Authors: Straub Adam M. , Vadjunec Jacqueline M. , Fagin Todd D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAssessments of resilience and sustainability are increasingly important for mitigating the effects of climate change, especially in rural areas such as the Southern Great Plains (SGP) in the United States. While ecological and economic research on rural sustainability is necessary, we argue that a social approach is essential to understanding how to promote resilient futures. Social capital facilitates access to, and transference of resources individuals need to achieve individual and collective ends. Over the past three decades, research on social capital has advanced across multiple disciplines to address a variety of social phenomena, issues, and outcomes. Building on previous research in the SGP, we focus on community-level social capital through a qualitative content analysis of 65 key informant interviews across the three counties in Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Colorado. Findings suggest that while in-group social capital is strong, resistance to outsiders and government distrust create significant barriers to promoting more resilient communities. Our study contributes to a prolific body of literature on rural sustainability and disaster mitigation. It also develops important insights into the dynamic, contingent, and interdependent nature of social capital. We conclude with recommendations on how to promote community agency while cultivating collaborative relationships between rural communities and government institutions in the interest of rural resilience.
Online Peer Feedback Versus Online Teacher Feedback? Effect of Online Feedback on Students’ Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Öztürk Mücahit , Yüce Erkan , Türker Pınar Mıhcı 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of online peer and teacher feedback on students' self-regulated learning and analysed students’ perceptions of online peer feedback on self-regulated learning development. The study employed a mixed method by collecting quantitative and qualitative data together. The study comprised 45 pre-service English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers as participants, and they were assigned to experimental and control groups. While online peer feedback was used in the experimental group, online control group was employed in the control group. Padlet online environment was used for online peer feedback and online teacher feedback. The quantitative results showed that the experimental group students had higher self-regulated learning levels than those in the control group. The qualitative results revealed that online peer feedback can have a positive impact on students’ self-regulated learning.
Well-being and enhancement: reassessing the welfarist account
Authors: Hirsch Anna 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThere are an increasing number of ways to enhance human abilities, characteristics, and performance. In recent years, the ethical debate on enhancement has focused mainly on the ethical evaluation of new enhancement technologies. Yet, the search for an adequate and shared understanding of enhancement has always remained an important part of the debate. It was initially undertaken with the intention of defining the ethical boundaries of enhancement, often by attempting to distinguish enhancements from medical treatments. One of the more recent approaches comes from Julian Savulescu, Anders Sandberg, and Guy Kahane. With their welfarist account, they define enhancement in terms of its contribution to individual well-being: as any state of a person that increases the chances of living a good life in the given set of circumstances. The account aims to contribute both to a shared and clear understanding of enhancement and to answering the question of whether we should enhance in certain ways or not. I will argue that it cannot live up to either claim, in particular because of its inherent normativity and its failure to adequately define well-being. Nevertheless, it can make a valuable contribution to an ethics of enhancement. As I will show, the welfarist account refocuses the debate on a central value in health care: well-being, which can be a relevant aspect in assessing the permissibility of biomedical interventions – especially against the background of new bioethical challenges. To fulfil this function, however, a more differentiated understanding of well-being is needed.