bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of rhizosphere microbial population obtained from main-croplands in South Sulawesi
Authors: Junaid M , Gassing S , Muslimah A , Saharuddin Y , Nuralisah S , Kuswinanti T , Baharuddin  , Tara A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The study aims to investigate microbial species and quantify population richness associated with main crop rhizosphere in South Sulawesi. Survey was conducted in two areas including healthy and infected croplands. In each area about 1 ha, samples were collected to consist of 250 g bulk soil of rhizosphere in healthy and infected farms 1 month after transplanting. For analysis, those samples were carried out at the Plant pathology Lab, Department Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture. 10 g bulk soil separation out of 250 g obtained from rhizosphere was sterilized into water 25 mL and sieved 50-100 mesh prior to transfer to growth medium. After that, 4 % (g/mL) potato dextrose agar (PDA) in the petri dish was earlier prepared. The soil mixture (1g/10 mL) was diluted and transferred into a series dilution and parallelly loaded into solid media kept in dark room with at room temperature. Microbiota successfully growing in the solid media were split and transferred into petridish contained PDA for morphological identification and quantified through a series dilution. The study found 23 native fungal isolates consisting of Genera: Rhizopus sp. Phytophthora sp., Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Geotrichum, Aspergillus sp., Gliocladium sp., Gongronella sp., and 14 unknown groups of fungi. Three bacterial isolates were discovered as gram-positive bacteria (GPB) in the infected cropland and the other two were gram-negative bacteria (GNB) found in healthy farm. The finding evidenced that population of microbiota ‘bacterial and fungal’ richness was twofold much higher in the healthy farm than infected farm. Bacterial population was the highest in both healthy and infected farms. There is a tendency of the higher fungal population richness, the lower rice disease incidence in croplands, vice versa.
Morphological characterization of three types of Asam gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) at three altitude in North Sumatra
Authors: Simatupang Sortha , Marpaung Imelda , Wasito  , Khairiah  , Aryati Vivi , Sipahutar Tumpal , Siagian Dedy Romulo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Asam gelugur fruit has economic value. The government’s reforestation program empowers farmers through planting asam gelugur seeds at 3 altitudes, The problem is that not all of asam gelugur trees produce fruit. Characterization of morphology needs to be carried out to obtain basic data for selecting prospective mother trees as a source of seed supply that guarantees reforestation trees bear fruit. This study aims to characterize the morphology of asam gelugur based on classification of local wisdom of farmers of North Sumatra, namely classifying Asam gelugur based on the success or failure of the pollination process followed by the formation of fruit at 3 altitudes. This study was conducted in three altitudes: lowlands 1-<400 m above sea level (asl), medium (400- < 800 m asl and highlands (800- 1300 mdpl), exploration using survey method with IPGRI Descriptor guide and purposively sampling. The results found three types of asam gelugur in North Sumatra: Female, Male and Shemale (muzzy) at the three altitudes. There is no effect of altitude on the morphological characters of the three types of asam gelugur, except for the sharpness of the leaves color of the shoots.People namely Female asam gelugur tree, if pollination is successful and produces fruit. the tree routinely produces fruit. The name of a tree that has never been successfully pollinated and never bears fruit is called a male tree.The shemale tree is called a tree whose pollination occurs sometimes successfully. There were five striking differences in the characteristics of the three types asam gelugur based on local wisdom. The different characteristics were the Character shape (canopy), the petal’s color, the shape fruit, the Color of the young leaves, and the thickness of the leaves.
Effect of drying and storage of corn seeds (Zea mays L.) on postharvest insect pest control in laboratory scales
Authors: Sepe M , Salamiah  , Marsuni Y , Samharinto  , Mariana  , Pramudi M I , Abbas S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Corn is one of the word’s most essential carbohydrate-producing food crops. In addition to being used as a staple food for most of the world’s population, corn seeds are also an essential component of animal feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drying and storage time on the presence of warehouse pest populations. The research method was carried out by drying corn seeds under sun exposure for 6 hours/day. The experiment consisted of four treatments, namely drying time repeated three times. Observations consisted of weight loss of corn seeds, the population of warehouse pests, and damage intensity. The results of the observations were then analyzed by statistical tests followed by a real difference test. The results showed that the weight of corn seeds decreased with the length of the drying process. Drying for 18 hours was effective in suppressing the presence of warehouse pests such as S. zeamais (197.67 adults) and T. castaneum (1.67 adults). Drying time in addition to affecting the presence of warehouse pests, also significantly affects the intensity of the attack. Drying for 24 hours has a lower damage rate (13.05%) when compared to other drying times.
Rice brown planthopper monitoring and detection by spectral reflectance: a review
Authors: Arifin M D , Koesmaryono Y , Impron  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Brown planthopper (BPH) has been one of the main pests of rice worldwide. Monitoring is important factor for determining attacks and estimating their effects. The traditional monitoring approach is usually conducted through visual observation and field scouting, with limitations such as subjectivity and time consumption. Remote sensing is an alternative pest monitoring method that covers a larger area in a shorter time. This paper discusses a remote-sensing method that uses a spectral approach to detect BPH attacks. Literature was filtered and processed using the PRISMA method. According to the spectral sensor, studies were classified into multispectral and hyperspectral sensors. Based on this scale, there are four studies on the panicle, leaf, canopy, and field levels. The model used single-wave reflectance and spectral indices as predictors. Various algorithms were used in the studies: linear regression, Principal Component Analysis, and Machine Learning to estimate the severity class, BPH Population density, and yield loss. A combination of spectral reflectance with other parameters, such as weather, fertilizer application, and infestation time, was conducted to improve the performance of the detection model. This review provides state-of-the-art spectral reflectance usage for detecting BPH attacks and opportunities for future development.
The effect of various carrier mediums on the growth of trichoderma asperellum TR3 and Trichoderma sp.
Authors: Jaya K , Ratnawati  , Sudewi S , Jumardin  , Arfan  , Zainal M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Trichoderma sp. is the most common growth in soil, especially with high organic matter. The fungi are helpful as the growth trigger and potential biological agent in controlling plant diseases. The relationship between Trichoderma sp. and plants are mutualism, with plants taking benefit in terms of growth and disease control, while Trichoderma sp. gets nutrients produced by plants. The study aims to determine the ability growth of Trichoderma asperellum TR3 and Trichoderma sp. in the various carrier media forming pellets in vitro condition. The research was held at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Alkhairaat University Palu. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments, namely T1 = rice bran (RB), T2 = tofu dregs (TD), T3 = tapioca flour (TF), and T4 = talc powder+tofu dregs (TP+TD). The results showed that T4 (TP+TD) and T1 (RB) could be used as carrier medium in the pellet form for Trichoderma asperellum TR3 and Trichoderma sp.
Survey on stored rice insects in Makassar, Indonesia: a preliminary study
Authors: Bayu Mario M , Fernando Ito , Astuti Ludji Pantja , Muhammad Faiz Nashiruddin , Kafle Lekhnath , Muhammad Mukhti , Tang Muh Ridha Taqwa , Jamal Ahmad Arisandi , Amaliah Asri Ainun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Stored-product insects in rice are threats to the quality and quantity of stored rice. One of the methods to monitor insects in the storage facility is using an ultraviolet (UV) light trap. This study aimed to investigate the species diversity and abundance of insects trapped using UV light traps in the government’s stored rice in Makassar City, Indonesia. This study was conducted in a rice storage maintained by the Indonesian Bureau of Logistics (Bulog) Panaikang in early October 2022. Six UV light traps (4 watts) were hung (h=1.8 m) on four sides of a rice pile. Trapped insects were counted and identified. Results showed that the insects trapped by the UV light traps belonged to three orders, i.e., Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Laemophloeidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae), and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Bostrichidae) were three dominant coleopteran species trapped by UV light traps. The diversity was intermediate (H’=1.17), while the dominance (D=0.66) was high, and evenness (E=0.38) was low. Those species are classified as major pests due to their potential to cause economic damage to grains and products.
Intensity of Leaf Rust Disease on Four Robusta Coffee Clones in Natar, South Lampung
Authors: Harmiansyah  , Diptaningsari D , Wardani N , Meidaliyantisyah  , Mawardi R , Hendra J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Lampung Province is the producer and exporter of coffee in Indonesia. Leaf rust disease is an important disease in coffee and is caused by fungus Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Br. This disease has spread to all coffee cultivation areas worldwide, including Indonesia. The incidence of this disease can cause production losses and reducing productivity up to 50%. The aim of the study was to determine the intensity of leaf rust disease in four Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) clones in Natar, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, namely BP 436, BP 534, BP 939 and SA 203. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design, with four clones, 30 replicates, and 30 evaluation samples. The intensity of disease attacks was calculated using Townsend-Heuberger formula. The results indicated that the intensity of disease attack on four clones was classified as a mild attack, with the lowest attack level was on BP 534 clone (5.63%). Robusta coffee is relatively tolerant to leaf rust disease, however management of this disease must be applied to prevent greater yield losses.
Elimination of systemic viral disease in shallot (Allium ascolonicum L) var. Bima Brebes through unconventional approach
Authors: Karjadi Asih K. , Aswani Nazly , Gunaeni Neni 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Shallot (Allium ascolonicum L), belonging to the genus Allium are propagated vegetatively through layered bulbs. This research aimed to improve the quality of shallots by eliminating OYDV, SLDV viruses through meristematic tissue combined with the antiviral Ribavirin. The research was conducted in the IVEGRI Tissue Culture Laboratory from April to August 2018. Research materials included the infected shallot bulbs of Bima Brebes variety which were previously confirmed by DAS ELISA serology test. Meristematic tissues were cultured on MS + vitamin, MS + supplement media (sucrose 30 gL−1 + Myo inositol 100 mgL−1 + CaP 2 mgL−1 + NAA 0.15 mgL−1 + Kinetin 2 mgL−1 + GA3 0.1 mgL−1 + Gel gro 2gL−1, pH 5.7). A Completely Randomized Design with ten replications was applied for the combinations between antiviral Ribavirin concentrations i.e., 0.5,10,15, 20, 30 mgL−1, and explant size including meristematic tissue (0.5 mm) and shoot tip (2.5 mm). The results obtained through visual observation showed that the additional antiviral Ribavirin and explant size affected the percentage of growth and development of plantlets. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant interactions between treatments. DAS Elisa serology test showed that the higher the concentration of antiviral Ribavirin the lower the percentage of virus infection.
Controlling of downy mildew on maize using a combination of varieties and mycorrhizae
Authors: Najamuddin E , Rosmana A , Muis A , Djaya E , Salim  , Hasbi  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Downy mildew is one of the main diseases of maize caused by Peronosclerospora philliphinensis. Plants infected with downy mildew will not give optimal results. Downy mildew is commonly controlled by a combination of resistant varieties and systemic fungicides. The continued use of systemic fungicides is known to have a negative impact on non-target organisms and the soil. The use of biological agents is a solution to eliminate the use of fungicides in combination with resistant varieties. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining varieties and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in controlling downy mildew on maize. The study was conducted in greenhouse conditions, using a randomized block design with twelve combinations of varieties, mycorrhizal and inoculation of pathogen treatments, namely V1M0P0, V1M0P1, V1M1P0, V1M1P1, V2M0P0, V2M0P1, V2M1P0, V2M1P1, V3M0P0, V3M0P1, V3M1P0, and V3M1P1. V1 Annoman variety (susceptible check), V2 JH29 variety (moderate) and V3 Pertiwi 6 variety (resistant check). Each treatment was repeated five times, with two plants in each experimental unit. All treatment combinations carried out observations of plant height, number of leaves, and diameter. Observations of disease incubation, incidence, and severity of disease were carried out on six treatment combinations inoculated with the P. philliphinensis. The results showed an increase in plant vegetative growth in the combination treatment of varieties and mycorrhizae in the absence of pathogen infection (V1M1P0, V2M1P0, and V3M1P0). The disease incidence and severity suppression of downy mildew was shown in the combination V3M1P1 treatment with the same incidence of 50% and disease severity of 46% at 28 days post inoculation. The results of this study indicate the need for the right combination of controls for the purposes of effective disease management in plant cultivation.
Population genetics of Phytophthora species based on short sequence repeat (SSR) marker: a review of its importance and recent studies
Authors: Brugman E , Widiastuti A , Wibowo A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Phytophthora is a genus of oomycete (water molds) whose member species mostly live as plant pathogens and have been reported to cause enormous economic losses on crops worldwide. In recent years, population genetics of Phytophthora pathogens have been broadly studied to evaluate their adaptive evolution. Population genetic studies focus on analyzing the level of genetic diversity and the structure of the pathogen population. A population’s genetic diversity is proportional to its evolutionary potential. The generation and maintenance of genetic variation in pathogen populations are influenced by the biology of the pathogen and its host, environments, agricultural practices, and human activities. Understanding the population genetics of plant pathogens allows us to track the dynamic of the pathogen population and their adaptive ability, assisting the development of sustainable disease management strategies. This review presents the importance of population genetics, short sequence repeat (SSR) marker utilization in population genetic studies, and recent population genetics studies of Phytophthora pathogens related to agricultural practices.
Organic rice rhizosphere fungi produce cellulase and chitinase as a biological control agent
Authors: Minarseh L , Kuswinanti T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Food crop security and security is a challenge in the agricultural sector to produce quality and healthy food products for consumption by the community. The use of synthetic fungicides to induce plant resistance negatively affects the abundance and diversity of biological agents.Cellulose enzymes and chitinase enzymes are capable lytic enzymes that degrade the cell walls of pathogenic fungi in plants. This study aims to isolate organic rice rhizosphere fungi and test their ability to produce cellulase and chitinase enzymes. Isolate the rice rhizosphere fungi using the spread-plate method, while testing the isolates producing cellulose enzymes using CMC mediaand testing isolates producing chitinase enzymes usingCDYA mediaadded with colloidal chitin.Penicillium sp. had the highest enzyme Hydrolysis Capacity (HC) value of 1.70 mm for cellulase and 1.19 mm for chitinase, followed byPaecilomycessp. with an HC of 1.52 mm for cellulaseand 1.12 mm for chitinase.Aspergillus sp. the HC of the cellulase and chitinase was 1.10 mm and 1.04 mm, while Trichoderma sp. the cellulose and the chitinase HC were 1.03 mm and 1.02 mm.
Evaluation the durable resistance of soybean varieties toward leaf rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi
Authors: Rusicha F A , Sarilla A D N 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The main disease of soybean plants is leaf rust caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi which can cause a decrease in the yield of up to 60% and has the potential to reduce seed quality. The use of resistant varieties is the main component of rust disease control. The purpose of this research was to determine the resistance level of several soybean varieties to the rust disease caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi and its effect on the production of each variety. To evaluate the resistance reaction of soybean varieties to rust disease, the IWGSR system was used, as the intensity level of the disease and its effect on the production of each tested soybean variety. The results showed that the Detap 1 variety counted the lowest disease intensity of 22.84% with a susceptible disease reaction and had high productivity, followed by the Agromulyo, Anjasmoro, and Devon 1 varieties which categorized a mildly susceptible disease reaction with a disease intensity of 25.34%, 27.46%, and 28.70% respectively. The Derap 1 and Edamame varieties have a high disease intensity of 35.18% and 29.31% with susceptible disease reactions. The production of the highest number of pods was the Agromulyo variety.
Insect pests population of stored maize in four regencies of South Sulawesi
Authors: Amir Rahmat Thabrani Ashari , Madani Humairah , Aqriani Resky 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInformation on species, insect pest populations that attack and storage conditions determines the control strategy. This study aims to determine the various types of post-harvest pest s population in maize kernels stored in four in South Sulawesi. Identification of post-harvest insect pests at the Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hasanuddin Makassar. Sampling using the direct capture method (hand sampling) and manual instruments. Sampling was carried out by taking samples of corn kernels in sacks from five points and taking samples of the corn kernels that were scattered on the floor of the warehouse. The results showed that 10 spesies of insects were found including 9 spesies of pests namelySitophilus sp. Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Corcyra cephalonica, Carpophilus sp, Araecerus fasciculatus, Lophocateres pusillus, Rhyzopertha dominca, Tribolium castaneumandOryzaephilus surinamensisand one species of parasitoid :Anisopteromalus calandrae.Sitophilus sp. is the most common species found in all districts with a total population of 636 individuals thenCryptolestes ferrugineuswith 53 individuals andT. castaneumwith 37 individuals. Post-harvest pest populations in all districts were found more commonly around 73% in piles of sacks compared to populations found in spilage commodities, namely around 27%.
Morpho-physiological characterization of bacterial grain rot in rice seed from Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Darmawan A A , Sahlan F K , Nurmujahidin N 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bacterial Grain Rot caused by Burkholderia glumae is an important disease of rice. In South Sulawesi, this seed-borne pathogen has been detected in several places. There were some reports from the farmers regarding rice yield loss due to this disease. This study aimed to isolate and characterize morpho-physiologically bacterium causing grain rot of rice in the main rice-producing areas of Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. Samples were obtained from 10 districts. Several grains of rice were isolated and grown in King’s B medium. Morphological characteristics were determined by the color, form, edge, and elevation of colonies. KOH solubility, catalase test, anaerobic growth, toxoflavin production assay, production of fluorescent pigment, and colony color on YDC medium were performed to determine physiological characteristics. 1 isolate from each area was found which has similar morphological traits to B. glumae. Colonies that were yellow, yellowish white, creamy white, and grayish white, with a circular form, entire edge, and convex elevation. The result of physiological characterization showed that all isolates tested positive for KOH solubility and catalase test as well. All isolates showed negative reactions for anaerobic growth, production of fluorescent pigment, and colony color on YDC medium. 5 isolates were able to produce yellow pigment (toxoflavin), so it can be concluded that all of the isolates that have been characterized morpho-physiologically are presumably confirmed as B. glumae.
Evaluation of hybrid maize tolerance under low nitrogen condition based on stress tolerant index and stress susceptibility index
Authors: Priyanto S B , Syahruddin K , Efendi R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency in maize could cause a yield decrease than normal conditions. Yield reduction is one of the main concerns of plant breeders in stress conditions selection. This study aimed to identify the low N tolerant hybrid maize. This research was conducted at the IP2TP field station of the Indonesian Cereal Research Institute in Maros, South Sulawesi, from June to October 2021. The experiment was arranged in the study using a nested Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Replication was nested in the level of N fertilizer. Seventy-five maize genotypes and two levels of N fertilizer (N1=100 kg N ha−1 and N2=200 kg N ha−1) were used in this study. Each genotype was replicated two times at each fertilizer level. The variable observed was maize yield. Two tolerance indexes, such as the Stress Tolerant Index (STI) and Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), were used to determine the maize’s tolerance to low N conditions. The results showed that the test hybrids showed tolerance level variations according to the SSI and STI indices. Seven hybrids were tolerant, and ten were susceptible based on two indices. Six hybrids were tolerant according to SSI but susceptible according to STI. Five hybrids were tolerant based on STI but susceptible based on SSI. Hybrid CML 465 x AVLN 109-3, AVLN 109-3 x VL1016518, CAL 1471 E x B 11, AVLN 86-4 X 1026-12, CML 465 x CAL 1473, VL1016518 x P7 and CML 161X CI 32 hybrids were tolerant maize based on SSI and STI indexes. These hybrids can be used as low N tolerant maize breeding materials in the next breeding program.