bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of the adult house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and 3 of its principal parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to the GHA strain of Beauveria bassiana and 4 isolates from field-collected muscid flies
Authors: Pagac Alexandra A , Geden Christopher J , Martin Gregory P , Patterson Paul H , Machtinger Erika T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
House fly (Musca domestica L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) populations can negatively impact poultry layer facilities, posing a risk to human and animal health and egg food safety. House flies quickly develop resistance to traditional chemical control methods; therefore, improved biological control may provide opportunities for improved integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Biological control methods currently used include augmentative releases of pteromalid pupal parasitoids and application of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. This study used bioassays to compare the impact of different B. bassiana strains on survival of house flies and of 3 species of filth fly parasitoids. The B. bassiana that were compared were 3 new field-collected isolates, an older field-collected isolate (L90), and a common commercially available strain (GHA). Flies and parasitoids were exposed to filter paper treated with 1.5 × 109 spores of each strain and a control. All field-isolated strains induced lower mean survival times in house flies than GHA did. The results for all species of parasitoids demonstrated less difference among the treatment groups and the control than in-house flies. Although there was some effect of B. bassiana exposure on parasitoid mortality, the expected spatial separation of parasitoids from areas of application may offer some protection. Using the most effective tested strains of B. bassiana and filth fly parasitoids jointly could be a biological component of an IPM plan for fly control in poultry facilities.
Total Bias in Income Surveys when Nonresponse and Measurement Errors are Correlated
Authors: Neri Andrea , Porreca Eleonora 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Household surveys on income might suffer from quality limitations mainly due to the difficulty of enrolling households (unit nonresponse) and retrieving correct information during the interview (measurement error [ME]). These errors are likely to be correlated because of latent factors, such as the threat of disclosing personal information, the perceived sensitivity of the topic, or social desirability. For survey organizations, assessing the interplay of these errors and their impact on the accuracy and precision of inferences derived from their data is crucial. In this article, we propose to use a standard sample selection model within a total survey error framework to deal with the case of correlated nonresponse error (NR) and ME in estimating average household income. We use it to study the correlation between the two errors, quantify the ME component due to this correlation, and evaluate ME among nonrespondents. Using the Italian Survey on Income and Wealth linked with administrative income data from tax returns, we find a positive correlation between the two errors and that households at the extremes of the income distribution mainly cause this association. Our results show that ME contributes more to the total error than unit nonresponse and that it would be larger in absence of the correlation between the two errors. Finally, efforts to reduce nonresponse rates are worthwhile only for nonrespondents in the lowest estimated response propensity group. If these households participate, the bias decreases because of the reduction in NR that offsets the increase in ME.
A trait-based approach to both forestry and timber building can synchronize forest harvest and resilience
Authors: Osborne Peter , Aquilué Núria , Mina Marco , Moe Kiel , Jemtrud Michael , Messier Christian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlong with forest managers, builders are key change agents of forest ecosystems’ structure and composition through the specification and use of wood products. New forest management approaches are being advocated to increase the resilience and adaptability of forests to climate change and other natural disturbances. Such approaches call for a diversification of our forests based on species’ functional traits that will dramatically change the harvested species composition, volume, and output of our forested landscapes. This calls for the wood-building industry to adapt its ways of operating. Accordingly, we expand the evaluation of the ecological resilience of forest ecosystems based on functional diversification to include a trait-based approach to building with wood. This trait-based plant-building framework can illustrate how forecasted forest changes in the coming decades may impact and guide decisions about wood-building practices, policies, and specifications. We apply this approach using a fragmented rural landscape in temperate southeastern Canada. We link seven functional groups based on the ecological traits of tree species in the region to a similar functional grouping of building traits to characterize the push and pull of managing forests and wood buildings together. We relied on a process-based forest landscape model to simulate long-term forest dynamics and timber harvesting to evaluate how various novel management approaches will interact with the changing global environment to affect the forest-building relationships. Our results suggest that adopting a whole system, plant-building approach to forests and wood buildings, is key to enhancing forest ecological and timber construction industry resilience.
Solidarity and the Work of Moral Understanding
Authors: Dishaw Samuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Because moral understanding involves a distinctly first-personal grasp of moral matters, there is a temptation to think of its value primarily in terms of achievements that reflect well on its possessor: the moral worth of one's action or the virtue of one's character. These explanations, I argue, do not do full justice to the importance of moral understanding in our moral lives. Of equal importance is the value of moral understanding in our relations with other moral agents. In particular, I argue that an understanding of moral matters is of central importance within relations of solidarity. In addition to highlighting an overlooked aspect of moral understanding's value, this view also has important implications for what solidarity requires of those who stand in that relationship.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Utilization for In Vitro Donor Liver Machine Perfusion Preservation: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Fu Yu , Wang Yi , Liang Liwei , Gu Mingzi , Gao Yi , Feng Lei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. Currently, the shortage of high-quality donors has led to the exploration of the use of marginal organs. However, several factors limit the in vitro long-term preservation and long-distance transport of livers, which can also lead to ischemia-reperfusion injuries, resulting in poor prognosis. Therefore, an efficient and convenient strategy to improve this situation is urgently required. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is expected to improve the liver environment in vitro and provide better evaluation indices for organ repair mechanisms. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can repair damaged hepatocytes or exert their protective effects via paracrine mechanisms, such as the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We hypothesized that combining the regenerative ability of MSCs and the significant advantages of NMP may improve the quality and utilization rate of organs, especially marginal organs. In this study, we review different strategies for liver preservation in vitro, as well as their strengths and weaknesses. We also introduce MSCs, derived EVs, and MSCs applications in liver preservation in vitro. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future trends of MSCs applications for in vitro liver preservation. We envision novel bioreactor designs that employ 3D cell culturing and offer the possibility to reconstruct MSCs microenvironments to promote cell growth and biofunction expression. Large-scale MSCs production can be combined with normothermic machine perfusion to enhance in vitro liver preservation, thereby promoting donor organ function to benefit recipients in need of liver transplantation.
Evidence-based sexual healthcare for the LGBTQIA2+ patient across the lifespan
Authors: Shihabuddin Courtney DuBois , Lee Gabriel , Casler Kelly 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
People who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual, two-spirit, or other minority sexual and gender identities (LGBTQIA2+) often avoid seeking healthcare due to social discrimination and stigma. Clinical education in LGBTQIA2+-affirming care is essential but often lacking across disciplines. Provider acceptance, awareness of personal biases, and understanding of microaggressions affecting LGBTQIA2+ people can improve access, outcomes, and survival for this population. Expertise in caring for LGBTQIA2+ people in rural and suburban communities, for people who are transgender, and for people who have undergone or are in the process of undergoing gender-affirming surgeries is essential to offer best-practice healthcare.
Increasing rates of clinic no-shows during and following the COVID-19 pandemic at an academic orthopaedic multispecialty group
Authors: Hoyt Aaron K. , LeDuc Ryan C. , Castillo Hector , Miller John R. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Clinic no-shows are common throughout all medical specialties and can be used as a potential surrogate marker for access to care and have a significant impact on patients and providers. While anecdotally, orthopaedic surgeons have noticed unprecedented changes in the delivery of care as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effect on no-show rates has not been quantified.

Methods:
An analysis of the rates of outpatient clinic no-shows within a multispecialty, academic orthopaedic surgery practice was completed. Encounters were sub-classified into designated periods based on a “pre-COVID-19” period, a “COVID-19” period, and a “post-COVID-19” period. A univariate analysis was performed to comment on differences amongst insurance payer status. A multivariate regression was completed to assess which variables contributed to no-show rates among this orthopaedic practice.

Results:
The overall no-show rate over the course of the study was 8.5%. These rates differed significantly between insurance groups, with the lowest no-show rate among Workers’ Compensation/Liability Insurance (WC/LI; 6.4%) and the highest among uninsured patients (21.4%). Additionally, no-show rates differed significantly by COVID period (pre-COVID=7.3%, COVID=8.6%, P<.0001). These rates further increased in the post-COVID period (9.6%, P<.0001) In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, medical practice habits have altered out of necessity.

Conclusions:
Despite a relaxation of social distancing guidelines, no-show rates have continued to increase at our institution. Our results suggest a disproportionate effect on those of lower socioeconomic status. The specific needs of the patient population should be considered when implementing strategies to improve clinic attendance.
Rett Syndrome–Associated Scoliosis
Authors: Stone Lauren E. , Kelly Michael P. , Alexander Madison , Brandel Michael , Lam Sandi K. , Ravindra Vijay M. 
Published: August 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective database cohort study.

Objective.
To evaluate U.S. treatment trends and inpatient outcomes for children undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for Rett syndrome (RTT)-associated scoliosis (RAS).

Summary of Background Data.
RTT is a rare, sporadic neurodevelopmental disorder presenting in childhood with developmental regression, ataxia, and seizures. RAS occurs in 50-80% of cases of RTT, but little is known about the case volume and perioperative experience for children undergoing PSF.

Methods.
Using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes in the national Kids’ Inpatient Database, we identified children with RTT who underwent PSF in 2000-2019. Annual case volumes were analyzed. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared with those of a cohort of patients with neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS).

Results.
Among 220 patients with RAS, 216 (98.2%) were female (mean age at surgery 12.3±3.3 y). Surgical case incidence steadily increased over 19 years, with more RAS admissions in the South (31.4%). Overall, patients with RAS demonstrated a higher mean Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score (2 vs. 1, P<0.001) and had more perioperative complications (41.4% vs. 18%, P<0.001) than patients with NMS. RTT diagnosis independently predicted higher odds of any complications (OR 1.98, P<0.001) and increased length of stay (OR 1.18, P=0.009) for admissions for PSF.

Conclusions.
Surgical treatment for RAS is rare but increased over a 19-year period. Cases appear to be clustering by region, with the highest proportion in the South. The higher Elixhauser Comorbidity Index in RAS patients predicted higher cost, longer hospital stay, more complications (particularly respiratory), and more nonroutine discharge disposition than in other NMS patients. RTT was independently associated with higher odds of complications and longer length of stay. Because RAS cases appear to be increasing in number, future study should emphasize methods to reduce morbidity and investigate deformity-specific metrics to help better understand this population.
Opportunities to Improve Tobacco Control for State Agency Employees
Authors: Kava Christine M. , Strait Michelle , Treend Katie , Vu Thuy , Hannon Peggy A. , Harris Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to explore tobacco-related knowledge and perceptions at Washington State (WA) agencies.

Methods
The study used a cross-sectional employee survey and qualitative focus groups with managers/supervisors. We produced descriptive statistics to examine differences in awareness and perceptions of tobacco-control efforts among employees and conducted a rapid thematic analysis of focus group data.

Results
Of employees, only 18% with a history of tobacco use had used their agency’s cessation benefits. Employees who did not use tobacco and who had higher education had more favorable attitudes toward tobacco-control efforts. In the focus groups, manager/supervisors described limited tobacco cessation promotion at their agency, barriers to tobacco control implementation, and concerns about the perceived effectiveness of additional tobacco-control efforts.

Conclusions
State agencies should increase promotion of tobacco control policies and programs to increase awareness and reduce disparities in tobacco use.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a neonate secondary to COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Upadhyay Sristi , Devkota Sagar 
Published: August 2023

Introduction and importance:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (MIS-C) is very common and may present with clinical features similar to Kawasaki disease but is rarely reported in neonates (MIS-N). Any history of maternal upper respiratory tract infection should raise suspicion of MIS-N secondary to COVID-19 in critically ill neonates.

Case presentation:
The authors present a term neonate with gradually progressive respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation with marked improvement after starting immunoglobulin and steroids after blood investigations revealed high IgG COVID-19 antibody titers.

Clinical findings and investigation:
Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit as he received bag and mask ventilation for 30 s following delivery, he was kept under oxygen via nasal prongs; but he still had nasal flaring, subcostal retraction, and tachypnea. All the blood investigations were within normal limits except for elevated C-reactive protein.

Intervention and outcome:
With no improvement despite oxygen via nasal prongs, he was kept under bubble continuous positive airway pressure with positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm of H2O. With no improvement even after 24 h of noninvasive ventilation, he was kept under mechanical ventilation in assisted pressure-controlled mode with a peak inspiratory pressure of 22 cm H2O and respiratory rate of 40 breaths/minute. As the mother gave a history of on-and-off cough for almost a month, samples were sent for COVID-19 antibodies which came out to be positive with very high titers of IgG antibodies. Intravenous steroids, immunoglobulin, and subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin were started and marked improvement was noted. The peak inspiratory pressure and FiO2 were gradually tapered off, and he was extubated on the 10th day of mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates is rare but should always be considered in neonates with multisystem involvement and a history of maternal upper respiratory tract infection after excluding all other causes.
Zika virus disease: an alarming situation resurfacing on the radar – a short communication
Authors: Shariff Sanobar , Kantawala Burhan , Hamiidah Nakyanzi , Yadav Tularam , Nazir Abubakar , Uwishema Olivier 
Published: August 2023

Background/introduction:
On the 13th of December 2022, a 5-year-old girl from Karnataka, India, tested positive for Zika virus. The first Zika virus was isolated from the serum of a rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947. Zika virus was largely dormant for about 70 years before suddenly resurfacing across all of America, from Brazil to the Pacific Islands and is connected to a grouping of microcephaly phenotypes based on a complete virus genome analysis. All of the aforementioned research provides an overview of the migration of this virus from the Americas to continental Africa via mosquitoes. The current study, therefore, aims to evaluate the virologic characteristics, prophylaxis, transmitting mechanisms, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of ZIKV infection in light of the virus’s widespread dissemination and deadly nature.

Aim:
The investigation’s findings aim to demonstrate that in order to prevent further outbreaks, there is a national requirement for active epidemiological and entomological observation of Zika.

Materials and methods:
Data were extracted from academic journals of medicine published in MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Ovid, and Embase inventory databases with a predetermined search strategy. Articles considering the Zika virus and its clinical manifestations, especially neurological, were included.

Results:
The Zika virus has been declared a public health emergency of global significance by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is of alarming concern that it is now one of the most prevalent infectious diseases associated with birth abnormalities discovered in the past five decades. The onset and accelerated spread of disease to other parts of the world is attributed to the migration of infected hosts and climate change. Rapid laboratory diagnosis, evaluation of serological techniques, and virus isolation are urgently needed, along with newer modalities such as mathematical modeling as prediction devices to curb this issue. Due to its grave neurological manifestations, it is mandated to engineer peptide therapies and a virus-specific vaccination to treat this neurotropic virus.

Conclusion:
There is currently no vaccination against Zika virus infection. If societies are not adequately prepared, the epidemiological wave will have an impact on the workforce and could pose a serious threat. To alleviate the significant cost on health systems and manage its promotion globally, improved investigation and response activities are needed.
An unusual finding: Biliary ascariasis in a pregnant patient managed conservatively—a case report
Authors: katwal Shailendra , Oli Rabindra , Bhusal Amrit , Bhandari Sushmita , Ghimire Astha , Lama Roshani 
Published: August 2023

Introduction and importance:
Biliary ascariasis, caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, is a rare condition, especially in non-endemic areas. However, it can present with complications such as biliary obstruction, requiring prompt diagnosis and management. This case report highlights the incidental detection and successful management of biliary ascariasis in a pregnant patient.

Case presentation:
A 26-year-old primigravida woman at 24 weeks gestation presented with mild icterus, anorexia, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Laboratory tests showed elevated bilirubin levels and peripheral eosinophilia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed the presence of roundworms in the gallbladder and common bile duct. The patient was managed conservatively with an anti-helminthic agent, resulting in the passing of a dead worm and the resolution of symptoms.

Clinical discussion:
Biliary ascariasis is a rare condition in non-endemic areas but should be considered in pregnant patients presenting with biliary symptoms. Prompt diagnosis is crucial, and imaging modalities such as abdominal ultrasound play a vital role. Conservative management with appropriate anti-helminthic therapy can effectively resolve symptoms and eliminate the infection.

Conclusion:
This case report emphasizes the importance of considering biliary ascariasis in pregnant patients with biliary symptoms. Timely diagnosis, utilizing imaging modalities, and initiating conservative management with anti-helminthic therapy can lead to successful treatment outcomes. Increased awareness and understanding of this condition can aid clinicians in providing optimal care to similar patients.
A Protection Motivation Theory–Based Empowerment Intervention for Promoting Health Behaviors in Women With Human Papillomavirus: An Experimental Study
Authors: Vasli Parvaneh , Zahedinia Sara , Hosseini Meimanat , Nasiri Malihe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This experimental study on 70 women with human papillomavirus, referred to the specialized obstetrics and gynecology clinics of public hospitals in Iran in 2021, revealed that implementing the protection motivation theory–based empowerment intervention could promote their health behaviors.
Parallel Reconstruction of Vascularized Fibula Autograft for Treatment of Complications after Resection of Malignant Tumor from the Thigh
Authors: Yang Yong , Li Bin , Li Zuchang , Wei Qipei , Li Feng , Shan Huachao , Li Yuan , Duan Fangfang , Niu Xiaohui , Tian Guanglei 
Published: August 2023

Summary:
The authors herein introduce a modification of parallel reconstruction with a vascularized fibula autograft (VFA) for cases of femur allograft complications. Conventional parallel reconstruction, in which the fibula with its vascular pedicle is placed on the medial side of the femur and allogeneic bone, may be an effective means to solve the allograft complications. However, the limited contact area between the fibula and femur/allogeneic bone can affect the bone healing ability. Furthermore, the rigid internal fixation method for the VFA may cause stress shielding and result in bone resorption. The authors propose the use of modified parallel reconstruction of the VFA with fibula expansion and titanium cable fixation for patients with allograft–host junction nonunion, allogeneic bone fracture, and femoral shaft fracture after surgical removal of a malignant tumor from the thigh. The modified parallel reconstruction has been performed on 5 patients (2 patients underwent fibular expansion). All 5 patients with 7 nonunions of the allograft–host junction or fracture were followed up for 33.2 months. The length of fibular graft was 10 to 20 cm, with an average of 15.0 cm. The union rate of allograft–host junction and fracture was 100% (7 of 7), and the union time was 15.9 months. This modified parallel reconstruction technique can achieve satisfactory union in treatment of the above complications.