bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depositional architecture and sequence stratigraphic framework of the fluvio‐lacustrine Ash Shumaysi Formation, Jeddah‐Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia: Implications for climatic and tectonic changes in a local‐scale sub‐basin
Authors: Alqahtani Faisal A. , Abdulfarraj Murad R. , Wanas Hamdalla A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to interpret and document the depositional architecture styles and sequence stratigraphic framework of the Ash Shumaysi Formation in the Jeddah‐Makkah region, the west‐central part of Saudi Arabia, and presents an example of rarely discussed, local‐scale sub‐basins (half grabens). It also shows the relationships between synchronous sedimentary processes and pre, syn and post‐rift conditions. The described lithofacies and their facies associations indicate the presence of seven architectural depositional styles: proximal‐distal braided fluvial, meandering fluvial (point bar), crevasse splay, floodplain, estuarine and lacustrine. A proposed depositional model for the Ash Shumaysi Formation is drawn. The Ash Shumaysi Formation forms a second order depositional sequence, which is organised into two third order depositional sequences (sequences I and II) bounded by three sequence boundaries. Each third‐order sequence encloses the low accommodation systems tract and high accommodation systems tract. The low accommodation systems tract represents the coarse‐grained, braided‐distal fluvial facies developed during low accommodation space associated with high sediment supply (high discharge). The high accommodation systems tract encloses the fine‐grained deposits of point bar, estuarine and lacustrine facies that reflect the creation of significant accommodation space and low sediment supply (low discharge). Vertical and lateral variations of the inferred depositional architectural styles, sequences and systems tracts reflect that tectonic forces and climate are the main controlling factors during deposition of the Ash Shumaysi Formation, although base‐level changes in response to sea‐level changes cannot be ruled out.
The United Kingdom Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative
Authors: Monssen Dina , Davies Helena L. , Kakar Saakshi , Bristow Shannon , Curzons Susannah C. B. , Davies Molly R. , Kelly Emily J. , Ahmad Zain , Bradley John R. , Bright Steven , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Glen Kiran , Hotopf Matthew , Ter Kuile Abigail R. , Malouf Chelsea Mika , Kalsi Gursharan , Kingston Nathalie , McAtarsney‐Kovacs Monika , Mundy Jessica , Peel Alicia J. , Palmos Alish B. , Rogers Henry C. , Skelton Megan , Adey Brett N. , Lee Sang Hyuck , Virgo Hope , Quinn Tom , Price Tom , Zvrskovec Johan , Eley Thalia C. , Treasure Janet , Hübel Christopher , Breen Gerome 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe United Kingdom Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (EDGI UK), part of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Mental Health BioResource, aims to deepen our understanding of the environmental and genetic etiology of eating disorders. EDGI UK launched in February 2020 and is partnered with the UK eating disorders charity, Beat. Multiple EDGI branches exist worldwide. This article serves the dual function of providing an in‐depth description of our study protocol and of describing our initial sample including demographics, diagnoses, and physical and psychiatric comorbidities.MethodEDGI UK recruits via media and clinical services. Anyone living in England, at least 16 years old, with a lifetime probable or clinical eating disorder is eligible to sign up online: edgiuk.org. Participants complete online questionnaires, donate a saliva sample for genetic analysis, and consent to medical record linkage and recontact for future studies.ResultsAs of September 2022, EDGI UK recruited 7435 survey participants: 98% female, 93.1% white, 97.8% cisgender, 65.9% heterosexual, and 52.1% have a university degree. Over half (57.8%) of these participants have returned their saliva DNA kit. The most common diagnoses are anorexia nervosa (48.3%), purging disorder (37.8%), bulimia nervosa (37.5%), binge‐eating disorder (15.8%), and atypical anorexia nervosa (7.8%).ConclusionEDGI UK is the largest UK eating disorders study and efforts to increase its diversity are underway. It offers a unique opportunity to accelerate eating disorder research. Researchers and participants with lived experience can collaborate on projects with unparalleled sample size.Public Significance StatementEating disorders are debilitating and costly for society but are under‐researched due to underfunding. EDGI UK is one of the largest eating disorder studies worldwide with ongoing recruitment. The collected data constitute a resource for secondary analysis. We will combine data from all international EDGI branches and the NIHR BioResource to facilitate research that improves our understanding of eating disorders and their comorbidities.
Temporal partitioning and the potential for avoidance behaviour within South African carnivore communities
Authors: Smith Kyle , Venter Jan A. , Peel Mike , Keith Mark , Somers Michael J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCarnivora occupy many ecological niches fundamental to ecosystem functioning. Within this diverse order, carnivore species compete to establish dominance, ensure survival and maintain fitness. Subordinate carnivores must, therefore, adapt their behaviour to coexist with dominant species. One such strategy is the partitioning of temporal activity patterns. We aim to determine interspecific avoidance patterns among sympatric carnivores by examining coexistence along a temporal axis. We compared the temporal activity patterns of 13 carnivore species using multi‐seasonal camera trapping data from four protected areas across South Africa: Associated Private Nature Reserves, Madikwe Game Reserve, Mountain Zebra National Park and Tswalu Kalahari Reserve. Interspecific coefficients of overlap in diel and core activity periods were calculated over the study period and during the wet and dry seasons. Furthermore, interspecific spatiotemporal behaviour was examined using time‐to‐event analyses. Our results showed that complete avoidance of diel activity patterns was rare among South African carnivore species. Most species were predominantly nocturnal and, therefore, diel activity overlap was high, whereas core activity overlap was significantly lower (p < .001). Diel activity overlap was significantly lower during the dry than wet seasons (p = .045). Lastly, evidence of spatiotemporal aggregation revolved around scavenging species. We show the importance of seasonality in the temporal avoidance behaviours of South African carnivores while highlighting the need for fine‐scaled behavioural analyses. Overall, we show that the daily activity patterns of most subordinate South African carnivore species are not influenced by top‐down forces in the form of competitional suppression and risk exerted by dominant species. If avoidance is required, it is more likely to manifest as fine‐scaled avoidance of core activity periods. We suggest that the focus on core activity periods might be a more suitable tool for interspecific temporal partitioning research.
Multifunctional redundancy: Impossible or undetected?
Authors: White Bridget E. , Hovenden Mark J. , Barmuta Leon A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe diversity‐functioning relationship is a pillar of ecology. Two significant concepts have emerged from this relationship: redundancy, the asymptotic relationship between diversity and functioning, and multifunctionality, a monotonic relationship between diversity and multiple functions occurring simultaneously. However, multifunctional redundancy, an asymptotic relationship between diversity and multiple functions occurring simultaneously, is rarely detected in research. Here we assess whether this lack of detection is due to its true rarity, or due to systematic research error. We discuss how inconsistencies in the use of terms such as ‘function’ lead to mismatched research. We consider the different techniques used to calculate multifunctionality and point out a rarely considered issue: how determining a function's maximum rate affects multifunctionality metrics. Lastly, we critique how a lack of consideration of multitrophic, spatiotemporal, interactions and community assembly processes in designed experiments significantly reduces the likelihood of detecting multifunctional redundancy. Multifunctionality research up to this stage has made significant contributions to our understanding of the diversity‐functioning relationship, and we believe that multifunctional redundancy is detectable with the use of appropriate methodologies.
Examining the role of mood in pain‐limited treadmill walking duration in young healthy individuals
Authors: Lu Jenny , Bisset Leanne M. , Shaw Kirstin , Sharma Pramod , Morris Norman R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to examine the effects of acute mood modulation on treadmill walking duration during experimental pain application.MethodsThis was a repeated measure, within‐subject study design. 30 healthy individuals (Males: Females 16:14; age 22.9 ± 2.5 years; height 170.9 ± 9.5 cm; body mass 68.4 ± 14.6 kg) attended a familiarization session and three experimental sessions, whereby they simultaneously viewed emotionally evoking stimulus from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and performed two treadmill walking tests (maximum 10 min duration) with a fixed nociceptive input applied to the thigh (pressure cuff). The primary outcome was treadmill walking duration during pain application to achieve a fixed pain score. During walking, mood (Self‐Assessment Manikin: SAM 0–9) and pain (numerical rating scale: NRS 0–10) were measured.ResultsMood valence scores were significantly different in all conditions (p < 0.001), negative (2.4 ± 0.3), neutral (4.9 ± 0.6) and positive (6.6 ± 0.3). There was a significant difference (p = 0.04) in the treadmill walking duration for different mood states. For the primary outcome, post hoc analysis found differences between the negative and positive mood conditions for the treadmill walking durations to reach pain scores of 3 (negative: 224 ± 49 s; positive: 259 ± 60s, effect size [ES]: 0.80), 4 (negative: 262 ± 59 s; positive: 326 ± 90s, ES: 0.92), 5 (negative: 313 ± 86 s; positive: 385 ± 113 s, ES: 0.90), 6 (negative: 367 ± 106 s; positive: 447 ± 113 s, ES: 1.04) and 7 (negative: 423 ± 114 s; positive: 521 ± 110 s, ES: 1.02). There was no significant difference in the treadmill walking duration between the neutral vs negative mood and neutral vs positive mood conditions.ConclusionThese results highlight the potential psychophysiological impacts on the pain experience in healthy individuals and encourages pursuit in strategies to minimize pain‐limited exercise, a highly prevalent issue in the chronic pain population.SignificanceWalking‐based rehabilitation, designed to improve physical activity, has been shown to improve pain and disability. However active participation and adherence in walking‐based rehabilitation has shown to be jeopardized by pain and pain‐related cognitive and behavioural adaptations. This study examined the effect of a shift in mood on pain perception and treadmill walking tolerance. We found that with a worse mood, individuals were less tolerant of pain and walked on the treadmill for a shorter duration. These results suggest that factors which improve mood should be combined with walking‐based training to improve tolerance.
Landscape of genetic infantile epileptic spasms syndrome—A multicenter cohort of 124 children from India
Authors: Nagarajan Balamurugan , Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Yoganathan Sangeetha , Sharawat Indar Kumar , Srivastava Kavita , Vora Nitish , Badheka Rahul , Danda Sumita , Kalane Umesh , Kaur Anupriya , Madaan Priyanka , Mehta Sanjiv , Negi Sandeep , Panda Prateek Kumar , Rajadhyaksha Surekha , Saini Arushi Gahlot , Saini Lokesh , Shah Siddharth , Srinivasan Varunvenkat M. , Suthar Renu , Thomas Maya , Vyas Sameer , Sankhyan Naveen , Sahu Jitendra Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveLiterature on the genotypic spectrum of Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS) in children is scarce in developing countries. This multicentre collaboration evaluated the genotypic and phenotypic landscape of genetic IESS in Indian children.MethodsBetween January 2021 and June 2022, this cross‐sectional study was conducted at six centers in India. Children with genetically confirmed IESS, without definite structural‐genetic and structural‐metabolic etiology, were recruited and underwent detailed in‐person assessment for phenotypic characterization. The multicentric data on the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of genetic IESS were collated and analyzed.ResultsOf 124 probands (60% boys, history of consanguinity in 15%) with genetic IESS, 105 had single gene disorders (104 nuclear and one mitochondrial), including one with concurrent triple repeat disorder (fragile X syndrome), and 19 had chromosomal disorders. Of 105 single gene disorders, 51 individual genes (92 variants including 25 novel) were identified. Nearly 85% of children with monogenic nuclear disorders had autosomal inheritance (dominant‐55.2%, recessive‐14.2%), while the rest had X‐linked inheritance. Underlying chromosomal disorders included trisomy 21 (n = 14), Xq28 duplication (n = 2), and others (n = 3). Trisomy 21 (n = 14), ALDH7A1 (n = 10), SCN2A (n = 7), CDKL5 (n = 6), ALG13 (n = 5), KCNQ2 (n = 4), STXBP1 (n = 4), SCN1A (n = 4), NTRK2 (n = 4), and WWOX (n = 4) were the dominant single gene causes of genetic IESS. The median age at the onset of epileptic spasms (ES) and establishment of genetic diagnosis was 5 and 12 months, respectively. Pre‐existing developmental delay (94.3%), early age at onset of ES (<6 months; 86.2%), central hypotonia (81.4%), facial dysmorphism (70.1%), microcephaly (77.4%), movement disorders (45.9%) and autistic features (42.7%) were remarkable clinical findings. Seizures other than epileptic spasms were observed in 83 children (66.9%). Pre‐existing epilepsy syndrome was identified in 21 (16.9%). Nearly 60% had an initial response to hormonal therapy.SignificanceOur study highlights a heterogenous genetic landscape and phenotypic pleiotropy in children with genetic IESS.
Final analysis of potential drug–drug interactions between highly purified cannabidiol and anti‐seizure medications in an open‐label expanded access program
Authors: Gaston Tyler E. , Bebin E. Martina , Cutter Gary R. , Grayson Leslie , Szaflarski Jerzy P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess potential drug–drug interactions between highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) and anti‐seizure medications (ASMs).MethodsOur group previously reported that in a sample of adults and children receiving CBD in an open‐label expanded access program, there were several ASMs noted to increase in serum levels with increasing doses of CBD. We analyzed if an increased number of observations over time resulted in changes in potential interactions and if potential interactions were associated with time since enrollment, demographics, or the overall rating of adverse effects.ResultsIn 169 participants (80 adults), with increasing weight‐based CBD dose, there were associated increases in serum levels of clobazam and N‐desmethylclobazam, free valproate, felbamate, and topiramate in the adult and pediatric arms combined, levetiracetam in the pediatric arm only, and permapanel in the adult arm only. There were no associations noted in these level changes with time since enrollment, biological sex, and adverse events profile scores.SignificanceThis study confirms some previously identified interactions with CBD and identifies other potential pharmacokinetic interactions; however, the clinical significance of these observations is likely minor, and there is no effect of time on these findings.
Shaking table tests on the seismic response of truss structure with air spring‐FPS three‐dimensional isolation bearing
Authors: Han Qinghua , Jing Ming , Lu Yan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo investigate the isolation effect of the friction pendulum system (FPS) horizontal isolation bearing and the air spring‐FPS three‐dimensional (3D) isolation bearing in truss structure and the influences of long‐period ground motions on the isolated structure, the shaking table test of a truss structure is designed and conducted. The ordinary ground motions, near‐fault pulse‐like ground motions, and far‐field long‐period ground motions with different spectral characteristics are chosen to input into the structure, and the dynamic characteristics such as the acceleration, displacement, and stress of the truss are compared and analyzed. The horizontal frequency of the horizontal isolated structure is reduced after the horizontal isolation, while the vertical frequency is further reduced after 3D isolation. The isolation effect of nodal acceleration, nodal displacement, and member stress under 3D isolation is better than that of horizontal isolation, especially the vertical seismic response is significantly improved. When the ground motion intensity is small, the FPS horizontal isolation bearing slides little, and reducing the seismic response of the structure is limited. There is a better isolation effect of 3D isolated structure. The vertical frequency ratio Rf under ordinary ground motions is far away from 1 and close to 3, basically avoiding the main energy segment of the ground motions. The advantage of 3D isolated structure is relatively reduced under long‐period ground motions, which lies in the rich low‐frequency components of long‐period ground motions which are difficult to isolate effectively.
Landscape domains and information surfaces: Data collection, recording and citation using decimal latitude‐longitude geolocation via the FAIR principles
Authors: Whalley W. Brian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is a need for geomorphology to integrate better with related disciplines, especially in Critical Zone science. To help satisfy this integration, geomorphology's knowledge‐base should extend into biotic as well as geological processes via ‘open data’. To aid information exchange between disciplines, the use of decimal latitude‐longitude (dLL) topographic geo‐referencing is advocated to identify locations of investigations, images and data in accord with the FAIR principles for data: findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability. While local place names (toponyms) have their uses, they do not provide good location information. Identification of detailed locations using dLL referencing should be used in written, especially published, reports of investigations. Author‐date citations are traditionally used to identify geomorphic knowledge, which can be enhanced when linked to dLL‐specified locations and data such as sample sites and laboratory data. Ways in which dLL specifications might be used in geomorphology and associated disciplines are explored and some geomorphological problems associated with ‘steepland’ landscape domains are presented. Examples show how dLL data can be incorporated into the literature, whereby authors can help provide and develop geomorphic ‘information surfaces’ by using geo‐referencing to enhance ‘open’ science via the FAIR principles.
Hierarchies in the energy budget: Thyroid hormones and the evolution of human life history patterns
Authors: Levy Stephanie B. , Bribiescas Richard G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe evolution of human life history characteristics required dramatic shifts in energy allocation mechanisms compared with our primate ancestors. Thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are sensitive to energy balance, and are significant determinants for both tissue‐specific and whole‐body metabolic rate. Thus, thyroid hormones are in part responsible for setting the body's overall energy budget and likely played an important role in the evolution of human life history patterns. We propose that the dynamics of mammalian T3 production, uptake, and action have evolved so that energy allocation prioritizes the high demands of brain development and functioning, often at the expense of growth and reproduction. This paper explores the role of thyroid hormone dynamics in the evolution of human encephalization, prolonged childhood and adolescence, long lifespans, reproduction, and human aging.
Antioxidant capacity of wheat bran fermented with gut indigenous Bifidobacterium and its antagonistic effect on food‐related pathogens in vitro
Authors: Takei Natsumi , Miyashita Ayumi , Kuda Takashi , Xia Yumeng , Koga Kazuya , Nakamura Ayaka , Takahashi Hajime 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWheat bran (WB) has several health‐promoting effects. This study aimed to identify gut bacteria that increase after WB consumption and assess their functionality. Human stool samples obtained from healthy volunteers were inoculated into culture broth with or without 2% (w/v) WB and incubated under anaerobic conditions for 24 h. The microbiota in the cultures was analysed using 16S rRNA (V4) gene amplicon sequencing. The addition of WB decreased the pH from 6.9 to 5.9 (p < 0.05) and increased the acetate level by 1.6 times. Although the microbiota differed across individuals, butyrate‐producing genera (Faecalibacterium and Roseburia), Blautia, and Bifidobacterium spp. were abundant in cultures supplemented with WB. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and B. adolescentis, isolated as WB‐responsible gut indigenous bacteria (WB‐RIBs), were found to ferment WB. The WB‐RIBs increased the 1,1‐diphenyl‐picrylhydrazyl and superoxide anion radical‐scavenging capacities of WB‐supplemented cultures. Further, these WB‐RIBs suppressed the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus in WB‐supplemented brain heart infusion broth. These results suggest that compounds present in WB, along with WB‐RIBs, affect the gut environment. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the interactions between WB and WB‐RIBs.
A high‐performance method for quantitation of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2: Full validation for raisin, peanut matrices, and survey of related products at Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Duy , Nguyen Thuy Ngan Ha , Ly Tuan Kiet , Nguyen Quoc Hung , Le Thanh Tho , Chu Van Hai , Nguyen Tien Dat , Le Dinh Vu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOptimization and validation for simultaneous quantitation of four aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in peanuts and raisins were performed on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography in a combination of fluorescence detector, without derivatization. The advantages were short analysis time, simple sample handling, and reduced solvent consumption. Instrument detection limits of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 were 0.07, 0.01, 0.1, and 0.008 μg/kg, respectively, lower than those obtained by LCMSMS and HPLC‐FLD with derivatization. Two solvent mixtures were chosen for two different matrices whose matrix effect was not negligible (2.81%–8.04% for peanuts and 5.63%–11.43% for raisins). The linear ranges were from 0.2 to 20 μg/L for AFB1 and AFG1 and from 0.05 to 5 μg/L for AFB2 and AFG2. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.025–0.1 and 0.075–0.3 μg/kg for peanuts and raisins, respectively. Recoveries at three other concentrations from 0.75 to 125 μg/kg of total aflatoxins were obtained between 76.5% and 99.8% (with RSD < 6%) following the SANTE 11312/2021. Validation parameters complied with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2017. The extracts and the sample could be stabilized at 4°C and 20°C for 24 h and at −20°C for up to 21 days, respectively. Thus, the study can be used as a standard method for the analysis of Aflatoxins (AFs) in peanut and raisin matrices. Investigation of 350 peanut samples collected at Markets in the central districts of HCM city showed that 28.6% were contaminated with AFB1 from 0.31 up to 554 μg/kg; 13.4% contained AFB2, and 5.7% of AFG1 in the range of 0.4–53 μg/kg and 0.4–9.57 μg/kg, respectively; AFG2 (about 0.6%) was detected from 0.45 to 0.75 μg/kg. Meanwhile, 12.8% exceeded the total aflatoxins limit, and 13.4% exceeded the AFB1 limit. AFs were almost not found in the 350 raisin samples.