bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Richard Strauss, Concerto for Oboe and Small Orchestra, AV 144, TrV 292 (1945)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores Richard Strauss’s Concerto for Oboe and Small Orchestra in D Major, AV 144, composed in 1945. Strauss, a prominent German composer born in 1864, experienced a transformative era, witnessing global events that influenced his compositional career. Initially celebrated as an avant-garde composer, Strauss adapted to changing musical trends, ultimately revealing his affinity for Classical composers like Mozart, influenced by his father’s conservative musical preferences. The chapter examines the historical context of the concerto’s genesis, tracing its inception from an encounter with an American serviceman, John de Lancie, an oboist who inspired Strauss to compose the work. The analysis explores the three interconnected movements, which highlight tonal conservatism and structural richness characteristic of late Romanticism. The Swiss and US premieres of the concerto, its reception, and the subsequent performances by renowned oboists, such as de Lancie and Mitch Miller, are discussed.
Bohuslav Martinů, Concerto for Oboe and Small Orchestra, H. 353 (1960)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses Bohuslav Martinů’s Concerto for Oboe and Small Orchestra, H. 353 (1960), threading the narratives of his personal history and compositional development. Raised in Polička’s St. James Church tower, in the Bohemian-Moravian highlands, Martinů’s isolated upbringing had profound effects on his composition style, emphasizing “space and nature” over human elements. His exposure to Czech folk songs influenced his musical lexicon, and despite his struggle at the Prague Conservatory, the cultural life there shaped his creative identity. The chapter discusses his Parisian years, American exile, and eventual return to Europe. Throughout, Martinů’s works reflect a blend of folk-like melodies and motor-like rhythms. The analysis of his Oboe Concerto reveals his tonally inspired yet rhythmically dynamic style, with narrative elements of opera and folk music. It examines the heavy orchestration and intertwining thematic material that reflect the nostalgia for his homeland, complexity of his life, and his innovative compositional style.
Antal Dorati, Five Pieces for Oboe Solo (1980)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter offers historical context and musical analysis of Antal Dorati’s Five Pieces for Oboe Solo (1980). Born in Budapest amid the sociopolitical turmoil of central Europe, Dorati’s early experiences shaped his musical development, particularly under the tutelage of Weiner, Kodály, and Bartók. Despite primarily being known as a conductor, Dorati’s passion for composition permeated his works, reflecting his understanding of tradition and innovation in music. This chapter closely examines his work Five Pieces for Oboe Solo, highlighting its unique form, thematic complexity, and programmatic narrative. The five movements encapsulate different musical ideas, ranging from the chromatic interplay in La cigale et la fourmie, to the fugal complexities of the third movement. This piece demonstrates his ability to inject programmatic ideas into theoretical and formal frameworks and to captivate the listener through daring explorations of musical boundaries.
Integrating single-cell multimodal epigenomic data using 1D convolutional neural networks
Authors: Gao Chao , Welch Joshua D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Motivation
Recent experimental developments enable single-cell multimodal epigenomic profiling, which measures multiple histone modifications and chromatin accessibility within the same cell. Such parallel measurements provide exciting new opportunities to investigate how epigenomic modalities vary together across cell types and states. A pivotal step in using these types of data is integrating the epigenomic modalities to learn a unified representation of each cell, but existing approaches are not designed to model the unique nature of this data type. Our key insight is to model single-cell multimodal epigenome data as a multichannel sequential signal.

Results
We developed ConvNet-VAEs, a novel framework that uses one-dimensional (1D) convolutional variational autoencoders (VAEs) for single-cell multimodal epigenomic data integration. We evaluated ConvNet-VAEs on nano-CUT&Tag and single-cell nanobody-tethered transposition followed by sequencing data generated from juvenile mouse brain and human bone marrow. We found that ConvNet-VAEs can perform dimension reduction and batch correction better than previous architectures while using significantly fewer parameters. Furthermore, the performance gap between convolutional and fully connected architectures increases with the number of modalities, and deeper convolutional architectures can increase the performance, while the performance degrades for deeper fully connected architectures. Our results indicate that convolutional autoencoders are a promising method for integrating current and future single-cell multimodal epigenomic datasets.

Availability and implementation
The source code of VAE models and a demo in Jupyter notebook are available at https://github.com/welch-lab/ConvNetVAE
Utilization of the QuPath open-source software platform for analysis of mammalian spermatogenesis
Authors: Niedenberger Bryan A , Belcher Heather A , Gilbert Emma A , Thomas Matthew A , Geyer Christopher B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The adult mammalian testis is filled with seminiferous tubules, which contain somatic Sertoli cells along with germ cells undergoing all phases of spermatogenesis. During spermatogenesis in postnatal mice, male germ cells undergo at least 17 different nomenclature changes as they proceed through mitosis as spermatogonia (=8), meiosis as spermatocytes (=6), and spermiogenesis as spermatids (=3). Adding to this complexity, combinations of germ cells at each of these stages of development are clumped together along the length of the seminiferous tubules. Due to this, considerable expertise is required for investigators to accurately analyze changes in spermatogenesis in animals that have spontaneous mutations, have been genetically modified (transgenic or knockout/knockin), or have been treated with pharmacologic agents. Here, we leverage our laboratory’s expertise in spermatogenesis to optimize the open-source “Quantitative Pathology & Bioimage Analysis” software platform for automated analyses of germ and somatic cell populations in both the developing and adult mammalian testis.
Biomarkers of sepsis in burn injury: an update
Authors: Palmieri Tina L , Heard Jason 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sepsis, a dysregulated response to infection, is a leading cause of death after burn injury. Changes in the immune response as well as the loss of the skin, the primary barrier to infection, contribute to the increased risk for infection and sepsis in burn patients. This higher risk is further compounded by the development of the systemic inflammatory response and hypermetabolic state, which limit the utility of commonly used infection markers. As such, the development of sepsis biomarkers after burn injury is an imperative. A sepsis biomarker would facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment of sepsis, thus decreasing length of stay, morbidity, and mortality after burn injury. Numerous different biomarkers, ranging from acute phase reactants, cytokines, and inflammatory markers to omics analyses and extracellular vesicles have been assessed as potential biomarkers in burn sepsis. To date no single biomarker has proven useful as the sole indicator for sepsis. The future of burn sepsis biomarkers will likely require a panel of biomarkers from all categories. The purpose of this review article is to list the various biomarkers that have been studied in burn sepsis and describe their clinical utility and future use in patients with burn injury.
Automated proximal coronary artery calcium identification using artificial intelligence: advancing cardiovascular risk assessment
Authors: Zhou Jianhang , Shanbhag Aakash D , Han Donghee , Marcinkiewicz Anna M , Buchwald Mikolaj , Miller Robert J H , Killekar Aditya , Manral Nipun , Grodecki Kajetan , Geers Jolien , Pieszko Konrad , Yi Jirong , Zhang Wenhao , Waechter Parker , Gransar Heidi , Dey Damini , Berman Daniel S , Slomka Piotr J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Identification of proximal coronary artery calcium (CAC) may improve prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) beyond the CAC score, particularly in patients with low CAC burden. We investigated whether the proximal CAC can be detected on gated cardiac CT and whether it provides prognostic significance with artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods and results
A total of 2016 asymptomatic adults with baseline CAC CT scans from a single site were followed up for MACE for 14 years. An AI algorithm to classify CAC into proximal or not was created using expert annotations of total and proximal CAC and AI-derived cardiac structures. The algorithm was evaluated for prognostic significance on AI-derived CAC segmentation. In 303 subjects with expert annotations, the classification of proximal vs. non-proximal CAC reached an area under receiver operating curve of 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–0.95]. For prognostic evaluation, in an additional 588 subjects with mild AI-derived CAC scores (CAC score 1–99), the AI proximal involvement was associated with worse MACE-free survival (P = 0.008) and higher risk of MACE when adjusting for CAC score alone [hazard ratio (HR) 2.28, 95% CI 1.16–4.48, P = 0.02] or CAC score and clinical risk factors (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.03–4.36, P = 0.04).

Conclusion
The AI algorithm could identify proximal CAC on CAC CT. The proximal location had modest prognostic significance in subjects with mild CAC scores. The AI identification of proximal CAC can be integrated into automatic CAC scoring and improves the risk prediction of CAC CT.
An ensemble learning model for detection of pulmonary hypertension using electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, and brain natriuretic peptide
Authors: Kishikawa Risa , Kodera Satoshi , Setoguchi Naoto , Tanabe Kengo , Kushida Shunichi , Nanasato Mamoru , Maki Hisataka , Fujita Hideo , Kato Nahoko , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Takahashi Masao , Sawada Naoko , Ando Jiro , Sato Masataka , Sawano Shinnosuke , Shinohara Hiroki , Nakanishi Koki , Minatsuki Shun , Ishida Junichi , Fujiu Katsuhito , Akazawa Hiroshi , Morita Hiroyuki , Takeda Norihiko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Delayed diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a known cause of poor patient prognosis. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model, using ensemble learning method to detect PH using electrocardiography (ECG), chest X-ray (CXR), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), facilitating accurate detection and prompting further examinations.

Methods and results
We developed a convolutional neural network model using ECG data to predict PH, labelled by ECG from seven institutions. Logistic regression was used for the BNP prediction model. We referenced a CXR deep learning model using ResNet18. Outputs from each of the three models were integrated into a three-layer fully connected multimodal model. Ten cardiologists participated in an interpretation test, detecting PH from patients’ ECG, CXR, and BNP data both with and without the ensemble learning model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the ECG, CXR, BNP, and ensemble learning model were 0.818 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.808–0.828], 0.823 (95% CI, 0.780–0.866), 0.724 (95% CI, 0.668–0.780), and 0.872 (95% CI, 0.829–0.915). Cardiologists’ average accuracy rates were 65.0 ± 4.7% for test without AI model and 74.0 ± 2.7% for test with AI model, a statistically significant improvement (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Our ensemble learning model improved doctors’ accuracy in detecting PH from ECG, CXR, and BNP examinations. This suggests that earlier and more accurate PH diagnosis is possible, potentially improving patient prognosis.
How do hospitals exert market power? Evidence from health systems and commercial health plan prices
Authors: Li Suhui (Evelyn) , Jones David , Rich Eugene , Lansdale Aimee 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Consolidation of independent hospitals and physician practices into integrated health systems has reshaped the delivery of health care. While the literature suggests that provider consolidation raises prices, few studies have examined the interplay of health systems and insurers in relation to prices. Using negotiated price data that commercial insurers recently released under the Transparency in Coverage Final Rule, we examined the association between hospital concentration under health systems and prices for outpatient procedures in local health care markets with different levels of insurer concentration. We found that hospital prices are higher in more concentrated hospital markets, while lower in more concentrated insurer markets. However, the negative relationship between insurer concentration and hospital prices is attenuated in highly concentrated hospital markets, suggesting that insurers' bargaining leverage is lessened at greater levels of hospital consolidation. Considering the continued consolidation among hospitals and vertical integration of physician practices into health systems, our findings suggest that commercial payers may encounter increased challenges in controlling health care spending for their beneficiaries as providers' bargaining power continues to grow.
Intersectional legal academy
Authors: Atrey Shreya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This Afterword to Gráinne de Búrca, Rosalind Dixon, and Marcela Prieto Rudolphy’s Foreword “Gender and the Legal Academy” picks up on and interrogates a point made by the authors—that a feminist legal academy is needed for gender equality in the academy. It shows that a truly feminist legal academy has to be intersectional, both normatively and practically. This has implications, as intersectionality necessarily excludes exclusive or limiting ideas of feminism. Whether a legal academy is able to embrace the full force of an intersectional legal academy depends on the context in which that academy is situated and the acceptance of intersectionality in that context.
Impact of kernel hardness, protein and total starch content on wheat starch digestibility
Authors: Du Mei , Deng Guangbin , Liu Rong , Lu Jing , Wang Mingxiu , Cheng Jiasheng , Luo Xuelian , Zhang Lei , Zhang Chihong , Li Yunfang , Wu Yu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Wheat starch digestibility is crucial for its nutritional value, yet the impact of kernel hardness, protein content, and total starch content on this process remains unclear. To investigate this, we analysed 272 wheat varieties that were collected worldwide for hardness index (HI), grain protein content (GP), total starch content (TS), rapidly digestible starch content (RDS), slowly digestible starch content (SDS), and resistant starch content (RS). Correlation and regression analysis revealed that increased kernel hardness is associated with higher RDS and lower SDS, while GP negatively correlates with RS, and TS positively influences RS. Path analysis shows that TS has a stronger impact on starch digestibility, whereas the effect of GP is weaker. The results suggest that wheat varieties with softer kernels, higher TS, and lower GP content exhibit slower starch digestion, offering insights for breeding strategies to improve nutritional quality.
Unmasking Long QT Syndrome in a Serviceman: Effects of Hypoglycemia and a Flight Duty Medical Examination
Authors: Olatunbosun Samuel T , Neely Joseph L , Ha Leslie T , Babu Vedesh K 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We report the case of a 29-year-old male soldier with a time in service above 10 years, found to have asymptomatic long QT syndrome (LQTS), a condition associated with increased risk of potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias, during a flight physical. A review of his past medical history revealed a transient QT prolongation during an episode of hypoglycemia due to endogenous hyperinsulinism caused by an insulinoma, as an infantryman 7 years earlier; the resolution of the QT prolongation was spontaneous. He was evaluated and considered fit for duty by cardiology. Before returning to duty, he underwent a Whipple procedure for the resection of the insulinoma; there was no sequela or recurrence. Seven years later, he was noted to have QT prolongation on a resting electrocardiogram during a routine evaluation to obtain clearance for advanced schooling to become a helicopter pilot. Consequently, he underwent additional workup including genetic testing and was found to be heterozygous for a well-known pathogenic variant KCNQ1: c.1031C &gt; T (p.Ala344Val), LQT1 locus, and additionally for a rare variant in the SNTA1 gene, SNTA1: c.1003_1021dup (p.Ala341Glufs*103), LQT12 locus. The clinical implication, management, and the medical retention determination are presented. We conclude that the stringent requirement for an electrocardiogram as part of medical evaluation for fitness for flight duties in the U.S. Military setting facilitated the detection of an otherwise occult LQTS in this asymptomatic young serviceman. Retrospectively, the LQTS was transiently unmasked during an episode of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia deserves more recognition as a potential cause of QT prolongation.
Punctuated versus gradual shifts in the multivariate evolutionary process: a test with paired radiations of scincid lizards
Authors: Stepanova Natasha , Boyko James D , Lin Jada , Davis Rabosky Alison R , Rabosky Daniel L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As lineages become separated in time, they are expected to accumulate mutational (or developmental-genetic) differences that influence the macroevolutionary trajectories of those lineages even under similar environmental conditions. Here, we compare the dynamics of phenotypic evolution in radiations of scincid lizards from Australia and Madagascar that are separated by more than 100 million years of independent evolution and show rampant phenotypic parallelism. We collected linear measurements of the skull, limbs, and limb girdles from micro-CT scans of 94 Australian and 29 Malagasy species. Using multivariate comparative methods, we tested whether the underlying evolutionary covariance structure for this superficial parallelism was conserved and whether these patterns were consistent across distinct functional modules. Malagasy and most Australian skinks have similar covariance matrices for skull evolution. Results are ambiguous for limbs and limb girdles, as some trait subsets support different evolutionary processes and for other subsets, a shared covariance matrix could not be rejected. However, across most trait sets, the extremely speciose Australian genus Ctenotus exhibits a radically different covariance structure from all other lizards in these groups, including several closely related genera. The shift in Ctenotus demonstrates that the architecture of trait correlations can change at relatively shallow timescales and may explain the unique position of this clade in morphospace relative to other scincid lizards from both geographic regions. More generally, our results demonstrate that the multivariate evolutionary process can change dramatically in a relatively short period of time.
Public Xylazine Awareness and Support for Policies and Initiatives to Address the Xylazine Threat among US Adults
Authors: Golan Olivia K. , Liu Weiwei , Taylor Bruce 
Published: January 2025

Objectives
Xylazine, a nonopioid veterinary tranquilizer, is increasingly being added to the illicit opioid supply. When used by humans, xylazine can cause severe skin ulcers and extreme sedation. This study aimed to examine awareness of xylazine and support for policies/initiatives to address the xylazine threat among US adults.

Methods
An AmeriSpeak survey with US nationally representative adults aged 18 and older was administered in March 2024. Survey questions assessed awareness of xylazine and potential xylazine use, drug/opioid use history, and support for 10 policies/initiatives to address the xylazine threat (including a range of drug checking initiatives, wound care initiatives, punitive policies, harm reduction policies, and xylazine education campaigns). We conducted weighted descriptive and regression analysis of survey data from a nationally representative sample of 1215 US adults.

Results
Most respondents were not aware of xylazine (88%, n = 1063). Approximately 10% (n = 117) were aware of xylazine but had not used it, and around 2% (n = 23) were aware of xylazine and possibly had used it. On average, participants supported only 1.52 (SD = 2.41) of 10 listed policies/initiatives to address the xylazine threat. The number of policies/initiatives supported varied by xylazine awareness, gender, marital status, and drug use history.

Conclusions
Among the US public, xylazine awareness and support for policies/initiatives to address the xylazine threat are low. Public xylazine educational campaigns may be warranted to help the public understand the severity of the xylazine threat, garner support for associated policies/initiatives, and reduce xylazine-related harms.
Phenol Dilution With Saline Solution Versus Alcohol in Partial Matricectomy for Onychocryptosis
Authors: Espiñeira Sicre Joaquín , García Sirvent Lucía , Ruiz Sánchez Juan , Álvarez Chinchilla Pedro , García Fernández Laura , Miralles Botella Julia 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Onychocryptosis significantly impacts quality of life. Chemical partial matricectomy with phenol is a common surgical treatment. The use of alcohol as a solvent during this procedure has been controversial. In vitro studies suggest that physiologic saline solution (PSS) may be a more effective solvent for phenol.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of PSS as a phenol solvent, in terms of postoperative outcomes, compared to alcohol.

METHODS
A retrospective unicentric cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent partial chemical matricectomy with phenol for onychocryptosis. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected and compared between the alcohol and PSS groups. Clinical staging followed Martinez Nova and colleagues' classification. Patients were followed up over a 12-month period to assess postoperative complications.

RESULTS
The study population demonstrated typical characteristics of onychocryptosis, with a median age of 20 years. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of pain, infections, or bleeding postoperatively. There were also no differences in terms of recurrence, days of analgesic use, or need for antibiotic therapy (p > .05).

CONCLUSION
The results suggest that PSS is as effective and safe as alcohol as a solvent for phenol in chemical partial matricectomy.