bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using model-based geostatistics for assessing the elimination of trachoma
Authors: Sasanami Misaki , Amoah Benjamin , Diori Adam Nouhou , Amza Abdou , Souley Abdoul Salam Youssoufou , Bakhtiari Ana , Kadri Boubacar , Szwarcwald Célia L. , Ferreira Gomez Daniela Vaz , Almou Ibrahim , Lopes Maria de Fátima Costa , Masika Michael P. , Beidou Nassirou , Boyd Sarah , Harding-Esch Emma M. , Solomon Anthony W. , Giorgi Emanuele 
Published: July 2023

Background
Trachoma is the commonest infectious cause of blindness worldwide. Efforts are being made to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem globally. However, as prevalence decreases, it becomes more challenging to precisely predict prevalence. We demonstrate how model-based geostatistics (MBG) can be used as a reliable, efficient, and widely applicable tool to assess the elimination status of trachoma.

Methods
We analysed trachoma surveillance data from Brazil, Malawi, and Niger. We developed geostatistical Binomial models to predict trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) prevalence. We proposed a general framework to incorporate age and gender in the geostatistical models, whilst accounting for residual spatial and non-spatial variation in prevalence through the use of random effects. We also used predictive probabilities generated by the geostatistical models to quantify the likelihood of having achieved the elimination target in each evaluation unit (EU).

Results
TF and TT prevalence varied considerably by country, with Brazil showing the lowest prevalence and Niger the highest. Brazil and Malawi are highly likely to have met the elimination criteria for TF in each EU, but, for some EUs, there was high uncertainty in relation to the elimination of TT according to the model alone. In Niger, the predicted prevalence varied significantly across EUs, with the probability of having achieved the elimination target ranging from values close to 0% to 100%, for both TF and TT.

Conclusions
We demonstrated the wide applicability of MBG for trachoma programmes, using data from different epidemiological settings. Unlike the standard trachoma prevalence survey approach, MBG provides a more statistically rigorous way of quantifying uncertainty around the achievement of elimination prevalence targets, through the use of spatial correlation. In addition to the analysis of existing survey data, MBG also provides an approach to identify areas in which more sampling effort is needed to improve EU classification. We advocate MBG as the new standard method for analysing trachoma survey outputs.
Spatial distribution of Glossina morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Zambia: A vehicle-mounted sticky trap survey and Maxent species distribution model
Authors: Muyobela Jackson , Pirk Christian W. W. , Yusuf Abdullahi A. , Sole Catherine L. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Tsetse-transmitted African trypanosomiasis is a debilitating and fatal disease of humans and livestock if left untreated. While knowledge of the spatial distribution patterns of tsetse is essential for the development of risk-based vector control strategies, existing distribution maps in Zambia are more than 40 years old and were based on coarse spatial resolution data. The recently developed vehicle-mounted sticky trap (VST) provides an alternative sampling device to aid in updating existing distribution maps but has not been applied outside an experimental setting and is limited to motorable tracks. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of utilizing the VST for area-wide surveys of Glossina morsitans and to use the occurrence records to predict its spatial distribution in Zambia under current environmental conditions using Maxent.

Methodology/Principal findings
Two-sided all-blue VST baited with butanone and 1-octen-3-ol was used to survey 692 and 1020 km of transect routes in G. m. centralis Machado and G. m. morsitans Westwood previously published distribution in Zambia. Maxent species distribution technique was used to predict the potential distribution of the two subspecies using current climatic and environmental data which was then compared to the historical distribution. A total of 15,602 tsetse were captured with G. m. morsitans (58%) being the most abundant. G. m. centralis and G. pallidipes Austin represented 39 and 2% of the catch respectively, and G. brevipalpis Newstead was also detected. The predicted potential distribution for G. m. centralis was 80,863 km2 while that of G. m. morsitans was 70,490 km2 representing a 47 and 29% reduction compared to their historical distributions, respectively.

Conclusion/Significance
The VST is effective for sampling G. morsitans outside experimental settings and is recommended for use as an additional tsetse survey tool. The spatial distribution of G. morsitans in Zambia has reduced by 101,051 km2 due to temperature and land cover changes.
Discrete choice experiment versus swing-weighting: A head-to-head comparison of diabetic patient preferences for glucose-monitoring devices
Authors: Whichello Chiara , Smith Ian , Veldwijk Jorien , de Wit G. Ardine , Rutten- van Molken Maureen P. M. H. , de Bekker-Grob Esther W. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Limited evidence exists for how patient preference elicitation methods compare directly. This study compares a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and swing-weighting (SW) by eliciting preferences for glucose-monitoring devices in a population of diabetes patients.

Methods
A sample of Dutch adults with type 1 or 2 diabetes (n = 459) completed an online survey assessing their preferences for glucose-monitoring devices, consisting of both a DCE and a SW exercise. Half the sample completed the DCE first; the other half completed the SW first. For the DCE, the relative importance of the attributes of the devices was determined using a mixed-logit model. For the SW, the relative importance of the attributes was based on ranks and points allocated to the ‘swing’ from the worst to the best level of the attribute. The preference outcomes and self-reported response burden were directly compared between the two methods.

Results
Participants reported they perceived the DCE to be easier to understand and answer compared to the SW. Both methods revealed that cost and precision of the device were the most important attributes. However, the DCE had a 14.9-fold difference between the most and least important attribute, while the SW had a 1.4-fold difference. The weights derived from the SW were almost evenly distributed between all attributes.

Conclusions
The DCE was better received by participants, and generated larger weight differences between each attribute level, making it the more informative method in our case study. This method comparison provides further evidence of the degree of method suitability and trustworthiness.
An in-depth qualitative study of health care providers’ experiences of performance-based financing program as a nation-wide adopted policy in Cameroon: A principal-agent perspective
Authors: Nkangu Miriam , Little Julian , Deonandan Raywat , Pongou Roland , Yaya Sanni 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
The study applies the principal-agent approach to explore providers’ experiences before and after the introduction of performance-based financing (PBF) in Cameroon, challenges and facilitators in the implementation process, and mechanisms in place to ensure sustainability.

Methods
The study was an in-depth qualitative study whose goal was to provide multiple descriptions of experiences and insights from a principal-agent analysis perspective. Purposive sampling was used to identify the key characteristics of the participants relevant to the study. A snowballing technique was used to further identify eligible participants. Only healthcare providers who were exposed to the previous system and could reflect on and provide meaningful data that captured the everyday experiences before and after the implementation of PBF were included. Data were collected from three districts in the Southwest region of Cameroon from May 2021 to August 2021. Data were transcribed and analyzed using MaxQDA.

Results
A total of 17 interviews and 3 focus group discussions (24 participants) were conducted with healthcare providers and key stakeholders involved in PBF. The respondents described a range of changes that they had experienced since the introduction of PBF. Each of these changes was categorized as either positive or negative. Positive changes were framed into 14 dominant categories: motivation, negotiations, innovation, resource allocation, autonomy, decentralization, transparency, improved quality of care, separation of function, performance, equity considerations, opportunity to recruit, participation in decision-making, and improved access to and utilization of maternal health services. The main challenges (negative experiences) reported were framed into nine categories: management of change, retention issues, conflict of interest, poor understanding of the PBF concept, resistance to change, verification challenges, delays in payment of PBF incentives, data entry and documentation, and challenges in meeting the equity considerations of the poor and vulnerable. Despite the challenges, providers preferred the decentralized approach to the centralized system.

Conclusion
PBF is a national strategy for achieving universal health coverage in Cameroon, and the experiences of providers provide a vital guide to refine national policy. The introduction of PBF has provided positive changes to providers’ quality of care when compared to the previous system. Addressing the delays in PBF payments will help to overcome the challenges to implementation and provide opportunities for health facilities to be more efficient and improve their performance. Despite the limitations of delay in payment, PBF helps to align the incentives of the health workers (agent) with those of the Ministry of Health (principal).
Prevalence and predictors of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among healthcare workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kigongo Eustes , Kabunga Amir , Tumwesigye Raymond , Musinguzi Marvin , Izaruku Ronald , Acup Walter 
Published: July 2023

Background
The COVID-19 vaccination is regarded as an effective intervention for controlling the pandemic. However, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is hampering efforts geared towards reducing the burden of the pandemic. Therefore, examining COVID-19 hesitancy and its predictors among healthcare workers is essential to improving COVID-19 uptake. In sub-Saharan Africa, the pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is yet to be known.

Purpose
The present study was to estimate the pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its predictors among healthcare workers in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
A systematic search of articles was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, African Journal Online, and Google Scholar. Data was extracted with the help of Excel. Data analysis was conducted using STATA 17. Heterogeneity in the studies was assessed using Cochrane Q and 12 tests. A random effects model was used to examine the pooled estimates to determine if heterogeneity was exhibited.

Results
A total of 15 studies involving 7498 participants were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among healthcare workers was 46%, 95% CI (0.38–0.54). The predictors of COVID-19 hesitancy were negative beliefs towards vaccine 14.0% (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.06), perceived low risk of COVID-19 infection 24.0% (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.28), and vaccine side effects 25.0% (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.24).

Conclusion
The data revealed generally high hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccine among health workers in Sub-Saharan Africa. Future COVID-19 adoption and uptake should be improved by national and individual level efforts. In Sub-Saharan Africa, it is crucial to address the myths and obstacles preventing healthcare professionals from accepting the COVID-19 vaccination as soon as feasible since their willingness to get the vaccine serves as an important example for the broader public.
Food & Fashion, Melissa Marra-Alvarez and Elizabeth Way (eds) (2022)
Authors: Becker Payton 
Published: July 2023

Review of: Food & Fashion, Melissa Marra-Alvarez and Elizabeth Way (eds) (2022)
New York: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 320 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35016-434-5, h/bk, $45.00
ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА ПОВТОРНЫХ ОПЕРАЦИЙ ПО ПОВОДУ ПЕРВИЧНОГО
ГИПЕРПАРАТИРЕОЗА В СРЕДНИЕ СРОКИ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ
Authors: Бузанаков Д. М. , Слепцов И. В. , Черников Р. А. , Семенов А. А. , Новокшонов К. Ю. , Карелина Ю. В. , Макарьин В. А. , Успенская А. А. , Тимофеева Н. И. , Горская Н. А. , Алексеева С. А. , Чинчук И. К. , Малюгов Ю. Н. , Федоров Е. А. , Саблин И. В. , Герасимова К. А. , Пушкарук А. А. , Шихмагомедов Ш. Ш. , Реброва Д. В. , Золотухо А. В. , Любимов М. В. , Бубнов А. А. 
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: выявить особенности когорты пациентов с рецидивами первичного гиперпаратиреоза (ПГПТ),
выявить прогностические факторы возникновения рецидива и его сроков.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в ретроспективное исследование вошли 3818 уникальных пациентов, прооперированных в КВМТ им. Н.И. Пирогова СПбГУ с января 2011 по декабрь 2021 года по поводу ПГПТ.
Из исследования были исключены пациенты с диагнозом карциномы околощитовидной железы. Пациенты,
прооперированные повторно более, чем через 6 месяцев после первичной операции, классифицировались как пациенты с рецидивом ПГПТ. Пациенты, имевшие повторную операцию в течение 6 месяцев после
первой, классифицировались как случаи персистенции ПГПТ и в данном случае вторая операция расценивалась как первичная. Генетический статус пациентов на дооперационном этапе рутинно не исследовался.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: всего в анализ включено 3716 пациентов. Всего выявлено 34 пациента с рецидивами
ПГПТ (0.9%). Время до повторной операции составило от 7 до 98 месяцев. Медиана – 18 месяцев. Группы
без рецидива и с рецидивом не различались по возрасту (медиана – 58 лет). 28 пациентов на момент первичного обращения имели клинические признаки синдрома МЭН 1 типа или доказанную мутацию в гене
MEN1. За наблюдаемый период только в трех случаях из 28 потребовалось выполнение повторной операции в период позднее 6 месяцев. При использовании логистической регрессии выявлено, что пол, возраст,
наличие известного синдрома МЭН 1, тип операции (с выполнением или без выполнения двусторонней
ревизии шеи) и количество удаленных при первой операции аденом не являются значимыми факторами,
влияющими на риск рецидива ПГПТ в течение исследуемого периода наблюдения. С использованием регрессионной модели Кокса произведена оценка влияния факторов на время до наступления рецидива,
выявлено что только факт выполнения двусторонней ревизии шеи при первичной операции имеет положительное влияние на уровне тенденции (p = 0.09).
ВЫВОДЫ: среди пациентов исследуемой когорты, большая часть пациентов, прооперированных по поводу рецидива ПГПТ после адекватного первичного хирургического лечения, имела рецидив в течение
2 лет после первой операции. Не выявлено факторов, значимо влияющих на риск рецидива ПГПТ и время
до наступления рецидива.
Bayesian methods in integrative structure modeling
Authors: Habeck Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
There is a growing interest in characterizing the structure and dynamics of large biomolecular assemblies and their interactions within the cellular environment. A diverse array of experimental techniques allows us to study biomolecular systems on a variety of length and time scales. These techniques range from imaging with light, X-rays or electrons, to spectroscopic methods, cross-linking mass spectrometry and functional genomics approaches, and are complemented by AI-assisted protein structure prediction methods. A challenge is to integrate all of these data into a model of the system and its functional dynamics. This review focuses on Bayesian approaches to integrative structure modeling. We sketch the principles of Bayesian inference, highlight recent applications to integrative modeling and conclude with a discussion of current challenges and future perspectives.
Riesz idempotent, spectral mapping theorem and Weyl's theorem for (m,n)*-paranormal operators
Authors: Ram Sonu , Dharmarha Preeti 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we show that the spectral mapping theorem holds for

(
m
,
n
)

*

{(m,n)^{*}}

-paranormal operators. We also exhibit the self-adjointness of the Riesz idempotent

E
λ

{E_{\lambda}}

of

(
m
,
n
)

*

{(m,n)^{*}}

-paranormal operators concerning for each isolated point λ of

σ
⁢

(
T
)

{\sigma(T)}

.
Moreover, we show Weyl’s theorem for

(
m
,
n
)

*

{(m,n)^{*}}

-paranormal operators and

f
⁢

(
T
)

{f(T)}

for every

f
∈

ℋ
⁢

(

σ
⁢

(
T
)

)

{f\in\mathcal{H}(\sigma(T))}

. Furthermore, we investigate the class of totally

(
m
,
n
)

*

{(m,n)^{*}}

-paranormal operators and show that Weyl’s theorem holds for operators in this class.
Time Course of Proteolysis Biomarker Responses to Resistance, High-Intensity Interval, and Concurrent Exercise Bouts
Authors: Godwin Joshua S. , Telles Guilherme D. , Vechin Felipe C. , Conceição Miguel S. , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Roberts Michael D. , Libardi Cleiton A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Godwin, JS, Telles, GD, Vechin, FC, Conceição, MS, Ugrinowitsch, C, Roberts, MD, and Libardi, CA. Time course of proteolysis biomarker responses to resistance, high-intensity interval, and concurrent exercise bouts. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—Concurrent exercise (CE) combines resistance exercise (RE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in the same training routine, eliciting hypertrophy, strength, and cardiovascular benefits over time. Some studies suggest that CE training may hamper muscle hypertrophy and strength adaptations compared with RE training alone. However, the underlying mechanisms related to protein breakdown are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine how a bout of RE, HIIE, or CE affected ubiquitin-proteasome and calpain activity and the expression of a few associated genes, markers of skeletal muscle proteolysis. Nine untrained male subjects completed 1 bout of RE (4 sets of 8–12 reps), HIIE (12 × 1 minute sprints at V̇o
2peak minimum velocity), and CE (RE followed by HIIE), in a crossover design, separated by 1-week washout periods. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before (Pre), immediately post, 4 hours (4 hours), and 8 hours (8 hours) after exercise. FBXO32 mRNA expression increased immediately after exercise (main time effect; p < 0.05), and RE and CE presented significant overall values compared with HIIE (p < 0.05). There was a marginal time effect for calpain-2 mRNA expression (p < 0.05), with no differences between time points (p > 0.05). No significant changes occurred in TRIM63/MuRF-1 and FOXO3 mRNA expression, or 20S proteasome or calpain activities (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that 1 bout of CE does not promote greater changes in markers of skeletal muscle proteolysis compared with 1 bout of RE or HIIE.
Effects of Tactical Periodization on Workload, Physical Fitness, and Well-Being in Professional Rugby Union Players During a Preseason Period
Authors: Hu Xiaopan , Boisbluche Simon , Philippe Kilian , Maurelli Olivier , Li Shichang , Xu Bo , Prioux Jacques 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hu, X, Boisbluche, S, Philippe, K, Maurelli, O, Li, S, Xu, B, and Prioux, J. Effects of tactical periodization on workload, physical fitness, and well-being in professional rugby union players during a preseason period. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 105–115, 2024—Tactical periodization (TP) emerged approximately 30 years ago and has recently gained considerable attention in rugby union (RU). It aims to develop specific physical fitness components with 3 acquisition days (strength, endurance, and speed). However, no study has investigated the effects of TP on workload, physical fitness, and well-being across an RU preseason. This study aimed to determine how RU players' workload response to TP focusing on positional differences, observe the influence of a TP preseason training program on aerobic fitness and neuromuscular performance between positions, and analyze the variation of well-being reported by forwards and backs from the 3 acquisition days. Thirty-two male players completed a 6-week TP protocol. External and internal workload variables were recorded through global positioning systems and session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) separately. Fitness assessments included Bronco and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests. The sum of well-being indices was measured using the Hooper index. Kruskal-Wallis H tests revealed that the highest values of PlayerLoad slow, PlayerLoad slow percentage, and s-RPE were found on endurance day and the lowest on speed day. Mann-Whitney U tests showed that 15 external workload parameters were higher in backs than forwards for each acquisition day. Small improvements were observed on the Bronco test. No differences were observed in CMJ performance during the preseason period and well-being values between acquisition days. This study provides unique insights into external and internal workload variables during each acquisition day. Furthermore, it highlights TP as an efficient theoretical concept to use in an RU context.
The Effect of the Peristimulus α Phase on Visual Perception through Real-Time Phase-Locked Stimulus Presentation
Authors: Tseng Chih-Hsin , Chen Jyh-Horng , Hsu Shen-Mou 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe α phase has been theorized to reflect fluctuations in cortical excitability and thereby impose a cyclic influence on visual perception. Despite its appeal, this notion is not fully substantiated, as both supporting and opposing evidence has been recently reported. In contrast to previous research, this study examined the effect of the peristimulus instead of prestimulus phase on visual detection through a real-time phase-locked stimulus presentation (PLSP) approach. Specifically, we monitored phase data from magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings over time, with a newly developed algorithm based on adaptive Kalman filtering (AKF). This information guided online presentations of masked stimuli that were phased-locked to different stages of the α cycle while healthy humans concurrently performed detection tasks. Behavioral evidence showed that the overall detection rate did not significantly vary according to the four predetermined peristimulus α phases. Nevertheless, the follow-up analyses highlighted that the phase at 90° relative to 180° likely enhanced detection. Corroborating neural parietal activity showed that early interaction between α phases and incoming stimuli orchestrated the neural representation of the hits and misses of the stimuli. This neural representation varied according to the phase and in turn shaped the behavioral outcomes. In addition to directly investigating to what extent fluctuations in perception can be ascribed to the α phases, this study suggests that phase-dependent perception is not as robust as previously presumed, and might also depend on how the stimuli are differentially processed as a result of a stimulus-phase interaction, in addition to reflecting alternations of the perceptual states between phases.