bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responding to social and emotional vulnerability: Child welfare investigations involving older adolescents
Authors: King Bryn , Fallon Barbara , Lyons Olive , Alman Isayah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2018, the child welfare system in Ontario, Canada, expanded the age of protection to include 16 and 17 year olds for the purpose of mitigating risk of harm for older adolescents. To date, there is little information regarding investigations of older adolescents, particularly in Ontario; this study will address this gap. Data used for this analysis were drawn from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect‐2018. The Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect‐2018 sample data were weighted to derive an annual incidence estimate of 155 649 maltreatment‐related investigations conducted in Ontario in 2018. Child, caregiver, household, and investigation characteristics were compared across three age groups: children (0–10), younger adolescents (11–15), and older adolescents (16–17). Characteristics and differences in the likelihood of a service response (referral to nonchild welfare services, transfer to ongoing child welfare services, or placement in out‐of‐home care during the investigation) were examined descriptively and using chi‐square automatic interaction detection. Half of investigations involving older adolescents received a service response, and they were more likely to receive a service response when there were concerns about future risk of harm, where there were concerns about the relationship between the adolescent and their caregivers, where internalizing or externalizing symptoms were noted, where caregivers had few social supports, and where the household experienced economic hardship. These findings suggest that older adolescents are being triaged for circumstances that reflect concerns about their vulnerability, including mental health needs, attachment concerns, and caregiver isolation.
Prospects and challenges of CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing technology in cancer research
Authors: Ning Li , Xi Jiahui , Zi Yin , Chen Min , Zou Qingjian , Zhou Xiaoqing , Tang Chengcheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCancer, one of the leading causes of death, usually commences and progresses as a result of a series of gene mutations and dysregulation of expression. With the development of clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene‐editing technology, it is possible to edit and then decode the functions of cancer‐related gene mutations, markedly advance the research of biological mechanisms and treatment of cancer. This review summarizes the mechanism and development of CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing technology in recent years and describes its potential application in cancer‐related research, such as the establishment of human tumor disease models, gene therapy and immunotherapy. The challenges and future development directions are highlighted to provide a reference for exploring pathological mechanisms and potential treatment protocols of cancer.
On how to live while being thrown away: Black people who use drugs and the politics of anti‐disposability, North Philadelphia, circa 2007 to 2010
Authors: Eisenberg‐Guyot Nadja 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDrawing on 3 years of fieldwork (2007–2010) in North Central Philadelphia with homeless and transiently‐housed Black people who use drugs, this article explores the politics of mutual aid and community survival during a period of city‐sponsored redevelopment. Drawing on Black feminist theory, I show how this community responded to and resisted their marginalization from urban space and Philadelphia history through developing a theory and practice of collective care. Resisting narratives that would position them as “worthless throwaways,” my informants responded to and reworked dominant narratives about what being a Black person who uses drugs means. As redevelopment threatened their neighborhood with increasing velocity, I reflect on how policing and incarceration disrupted my informants'—and my—relationship to history and urban space. I argue that in the shooting galleries, I learned the politics of anti‐disposability: the right to live (and not just die) a junky.
The Social Route to Abstraction: Interaction and Diversity Enhance Performance and Transfer in a Rule‐Based Categorization Task
Authors: Tylén Kristian , Fusaroli Riccardo , Østergaard Sara Møller , Smith Pernille , Arnoldi Jakob 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCapacities for abstract thinking and problem‐solving are central to human cognition. Processes of abstraction allow the transfer of experiences and knowledge between contexts helping us make informed decisions in new or changing contexts. While we are often inclined to relate such reasoning capacities to individual minds and brains, they may in fact be contingent on human‐specific modes of collaboration, dialogue, and shared attention. In an experimental study, we test the hypothesis that social interaction enhances cognitive processes of rule‐induction, which in turn improves problem‐solving performance. Through three sessions of increasing complexity, individuals and groups were presented with a problem‐solving task requiring them to categorize a set of visual stimuli. To assess the character of participants’ problem representations, after each training session, they were presented with a transfer task involving stimuli that differed in appearance, but shared relations among features with the training set. Besides, we compared participants’ categorization behaviors to simulated agents relying on exemplar learning. We found that groups performed superior to individuals and agents in the training sessions and were more likely to correctly generalize their observations in the transfer phase, especially in the high complexity session, suggesting that groups more effectively induced underlying categorization rules from the stimuli than individuals and agents. Crucially, variation in performance among groups was predicted by semantic diversity in members’ dialogical contributions, suggesting a link between social interaction, cognitive diversity, and abstraction.
Antigen loss following CAR‐T cell therapy: Mechanisms, implications, and potential solutions
Authors: Mishra Archana , Maiti Rituparna , Mohan Prafull , Gupta Pooja 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChimeric Antigen Receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T cell) therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking immunotherapeutic approach for treating various hematological malignancies. CAR‐T cells are engineered to express synthetic receptors that target specific antigens on cancer cells, leading to their eradication. While the therapy has shown remarkable efficacy, a significant challenge that has been observed in 30%–70% of patients showing recurrent disease is antigen loss or downregulation. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google scholar for articles on antigen loss/escape following Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy in malignancies. Antigen loss refers to the loss or reduction in the expression of the target antigen on cancer cells, rendering CAR‐T cells ineffective. This phenomenon poses a significant clinical concern, as it can lead to disease relapse and limited treatment options. This review explores the mechanisms underlying antigen loss following CAR‐T cell therapy, its implications on treatment outcomes, and potential strategies to overcome the problem.
Partitioning the biodiversity effects on productivity into density and size components
Authors: Tatsumi Shinichi , Loreau Michel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlant density and size — two factors that represent plant survival and growth — are key determinants of yield but have rarely been analysed explicitly in the context of biodiversity–productivity relationships. Here, we derive equations to partition the net, complementarity and selection effects of biodiversity into additive components that reflect diversity‐induced changes in plant density and size. Applications of the new method to empirical datasets reveal contrasting ways in which plant density and size regulate yield in species mixtures. In an annual plant diversity experiment, overyielding is largely explained by selection effects associated with increased size of highly productive plant species. In a tree diversity experiment, the cause of overyielding shifts from enhanced growth in tree size to reduced mortality by complementary use of canopy space during stand development. These results highlight the capability of the new method to resolve crucial, yet understudied, demographic links between biodiversity and productivity.
Associations between feeding and glucagon‐like peptide‐2 in healthy ponies
Authors: Sibthorpe Poppy E. M. , Fitzgerald Danielle M. , Sillence Martin N. , de Laat Melody A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal peptides, such as glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2), could play a direct role in the development of equine hyperinsulinaemia.ObjectivesTo describe the secretory pattern of endogenous GLP‐2 over 24 h in healthy ponies and determine whether oral administration of a synthetic GLP‐2 peptide increases blood glucose or insulin responses to feeding.Study DesignA cohort study followed by a randomised, controlled, cross‐over study.MethodsIn the cohort study, blood samples were collected every 2 h for 24 h in seven healthy ponies and plasma [GLP‐2] was measured. In the cross‐over study, 75 μg/kg bodyweight of synthetic GLP‐2, or carrier only, was orally administered to 10 ponies twice daily for 10 days. The area under the curve (AUC0–3h) of post‐prandial blood glucose and insulin were determined before and after each treatment.ResultsEndogenous [GLP‐2] ranged from <0.55 to 1.95 ± 0.29 [CI 0.27] ng/mL with similar peak concentrations in response to meals containing 88–180 g of non‐structural carbohydrate, that were ~4‐fold higher (P < 0.001) than the overnight nadir. After GLP‐2 treatment peak plasma [GLP‐2] increased from 1.1 [0.63–1.37] ng/mL to 1.54 [1.1–2.31] ng/mL (28.6%; P = 0.002), and AUC0–3h was larger (P = 0.01) than before treatment. The peptide decreased (7%; P = 0.003) peak blood glucose responses to feeding from 5.33 ± 0.45 mmol/L to 5.0 ± 0.21 mmol/L, but not AUC0–3h (P = 0.07). There was no effect on insulin secretion.Main LimitationsThe study only included healthy ponies and administration of a single dose of GLP‐2.ConclusionsThe diurnal pattern of GLP‐2 secretion in ponies was similar to other species with no apparent effect of daylight. Although GLP‐2 treatment did not increase post‐prandial glucose or insulin responses to eating, studies using alternative dosing strategies for GLP‐2 are required.
“Work through it on your own”: parent‐centered emotion socialization beliefs and parenting stress
Authors: Nelson Jackie A. , Aguas Alyssa B. , Katz Julia M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParent‐centered emotion socialization beliefs that children should manage their emotions on their own without parent support may seem convenient for parents but may actually relate to greater parenting stress if this approach is incompatible with children's developmental needs. We explored relations between mothers' and fathers' parent‐centered autonomy beliefs about children's emotions and their parenting stress, controlling for child behavior problems and parent education. We also examined whether these associations varied depending on child age. Participants included 142 mothers and 60 paired fathers with a 5‐ to 8‐year‐old child who completed survey measures on parenting and child behavior. The sample was primarily White (59%) or Hispanic (20%) and low (44%) to middle income (47%). Path analyses revealed significant actor effects, such that mothers and fathers who endorsed more parent‐centered emotion socialization beliefs reported greater parenting stress. Partner effects showed that mothers also reported greater parenting stress when their partners endorsed more parent‐centered emotion socialization beliefs. Child age did not moderate these associations. Findings are discussed in terms of developmentally appropriate parenting expectations, gender roles for family emotion work, and practical implications.
Diagnostics for asset pricing models
Authors: He Ai , Zhou Guofu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe validity of asset pricing models implies white‐noise pricing errors (PEs). However, we find that the PEs of six well‐known factor models all exhibit a significant reversal pattern and are predictable by their lagged values up to 12 months. Moreover, the predictability of the PEs can produce substantial economic profits. Similar conclusions hold for recently developed machine learning models too. Additional analysis reveals that the significant PE profits cannot be explained by common behavioral biases. Our results imply that much remains to be done and there is a great need to develop new asset pricing models.
Larval newts from turbid and transparent waterbodies exhibit different morphological and behavioural traits
Authors: Zamora‐Camacho Francisco Javier , Aragón Pedro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Turbidity represents an obstacle to visual acuity underwater that might entail considerable consequences for multiple faunal traits. Morphology, especially eye size, could be adjusted to cope with reduced visibility in turbid water. Moreover, turbidity could interfere with colour signals or crypsis. Turbid water may simultaneously impair the ability of prey and predators to detect each other, which may cause reduced speed, flight initiation distance, activity time, boldness, and exploratory behaviour by prey.

In this work, we compared these traits in larvae of the newt Pleurodeles waltl from transparent and turbid ponds (around 100 and 300 FTU, respectively). Body size did not differ between pond types, but larvae from turbid ponds had smaller eyes, probably because visual acuity is structurally hindered by the environment. Colouration did not differ between transparent and turbid ponds on average, but it was more variable in larvae from transparent than turbid ponds, probably because transparent ponds trigger crypsis towards diverse background colours, whereas turbid ponds promote reduced pigmentation in all cases.

In addition, behavioural traits were gauged in larvae from both types of ponds, in tests conducted in either transparent or turbid water. Speed was unaffected by turbidity, but larvae from turbid ponds increased their flight initiation distance when tested in transparent water. In all cases, larvae from transparent ponds were more active, and bolder in transparent water, and all larvae were more exploratory when tested in transparent water (regardless of which pond type they came from).

Turbidity could trigger more cautious behaviours, probably because it makes predators harder to track. Alternatively, transparent water could stimulate a more expansive use of space through improved visibility, or it might encourage a more active search for shelter.

These results shed light on the role of turbidity as a promotor of morphological and behavioural variability in amphibian larvae. These ecological consequences of water turbidity can be framed in terms of energy allocation and detectability in the context of predator–prey interactions.
Challenges and recommendations for advancing respite care for families of children and youth with special health care needs: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Woodgate Roberta L. , Isaak Corinne A. , Kipling Ardelle , Kirk Sue 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionCaring for children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) is a significant undertaking for families. While respite care is intended to address this burden, demand continues to exceed supply. Exploring the perspectives of respite service providers (SPs) and stakeholders (SKs) provides unique insight into families' needs and respite care systems.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 41 respite care SPs and SKs across four Canadian provinces to ascertain perspectives on current and ideal respite care for families of CYSHCN. The analysis included delineating units of meaning from the data, clustering units of meaning to form thematic statements and extracting themes. The second‐level analysis involved applying themes and subthemes to cross‐functional process maps.FindingsParticipants noted the critical, but sometimes absent role of Community Service Workers, who have the ability to support families accessing and navigating respite care systems. SPs and SKs identified current respite systems as operating in crisis mode. New findings suggest an ideal respite care system would incorporate advocacy for families, empower families and value CYSHCN, their families and respite workers.ConclusionThe evidence of unmet respite care needs of families of CYSHCN across Canada has long been available. Our findings identifying respite system challenges and solutions can be used by funders and policymakers for planning and enhancing resources, and by healthcare professionals, respite care providers and SKs to understand barriers and take action to improve respite outcomes to meet the respite needs of all families and CYSHCN.Patient or Public ContributionThe research team is composed of patients, researchers, clinicians and decision‐makers along with our Family Advisory Committee (FAC) composed of members of families of CYSHNC. The FAC was formed and met regularly with research team members, knowledge users and collaborators throughout the study to provide input on design, review themes and ensure findings are translated and disseminated in a meaningful way.
Molecular characterisation of tumours of the lacrimal apparatus
Authors: Vibert Roseline , Cyrta Joanna , Girard Elodie , Vacher Sophie , Dupain Célia , Antonio Samantha , Wong Jennifer , Baulande Sylvain , De Sousa Juliana Monteiro Ferras , Vincent‐Salomon Anne , Masliah‐Planchon Julien , Girard Nicolas , Le Tourneau Christophe , Kamal Maud , Bièche Ivan 
Published: September 2023

AimsMalignant tumours of the lacrimal apparatus are rare and frequently show a poor prognosis, with no clear therapeutic standards. Characterisation of the genetic landscape of these rare tumours is sparse, and therefore therapeutics generally follow those of their common salivary gland counterparts. To further clarify the pathophysiology and discover potential therapeutic targets, we investigated the genetic landscape of eight tumours of the lacrimal apparatus.Methods and resultsDNA and RNA sequencing were performed to identify genetic mutations and gene fusions. Immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction followed by Sanger sequencing were performed to confirm the identified molecular alterations. Genetic alterations were detected in six tumours. Among five adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), four had confirmed alterations of MYB or MYBL1 genes, including a MYB::NFIB fusion, a MYBL1::NFIB fusion, a MYB amplification and a novel NFIB::THSD7B fusion. Mutations in genes encoding epigenetic modifiers, as well as NOTCH1, FGFR2 and ATM mutations, were also identified in ACCs. A carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma showed TP53 and CIC mutations and an amplification of ERBB2. A transitional cell carcinoma was associated with HPV16 infection. No genetic alteration was found for one adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified.ConclusionsOur study highlights the variety of molecular alterations associated with lacrimal system tumours and emphasises the importance of molecular testing in these tumours, which can reveal potentially targetable mutations. Our results also reinforce the hypothesis of a common physiopathology of all ACCs, regardless of their primary location.
Water in cosmetics and Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative model for lifespan assessment
Authors: Richaud Myriam , Rasasombat Sarah , Cuq Pierre , Galas Simon , Marti‐Mestres Gilberte 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveWater, often considered a fundamental component of life, is the most commonly used ingredient in the formulation of dermocosmetic products, with waterless products being the exception. Dermocosmetic products can contain anywhere from 50% to 85% water, which contributes to their texture and specific characteristics. The chemical composition of water varies depending on its origin and can be categorized as highly mineralized or low mineralized. These compositions could impact the water's efficacy in anti‐aging applications. In this study, the objective is evaluating the anti‐aging properties of highly and low mineralized water with the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans.MethodsIn this article, we employed the alternative model organism C. elegans to assess the impact of 5 branded waters, one physiological water and one ultra‐pure water on the model's lifespan, using the survival medium conventionally used for C. elegans as a comparison.ResultsWaters may have either a positive or a negative impact on the C. elegans lifespan expectancy. Our results indicate that only one of the water brands we assessed (Volvic®) had a significantly positive effect on worm longevity. In contrast, we found that two other brands (Hepar® and Contrex®) had a negative impact on the later stages of the worm's adulthood. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the impact of the brand water samples on lifespan expectancy varied depending on their physicochemical composition, in particular when ion concentrations were most extreme.ConclusionThis study shows that the highly mineralized waters studied have a detrimental effect on the survival of C. elegans, and a preliminary test with ultra‐pure water could not be completed due to its deleterious effect on the worms. This suggests the hypothesis that both highly mineralized and completely demineralized waters may not be the most suitable for skin formulations.
Male vitellogenin regulates gametogenesis through a testis‐enriched big protein in Chrysopa pallens
Authors: Liu Xiao‐ping , Liu Chang‐yan , Feng Yan‐jiao , Guo Xing‐kai , Zhang Li‐sheng , Wang Meng‐qing , Li Yu‐yan , Zeng Fan‐rong , Nolan Tony , Mao Jian‐jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn insects, vitellogenin (Vg) is generally viewed as a female‐specific protein. Its primary function is to supply nutrition to developing embryos. Here, we reported Vg from the male adults of a natural predator, Chrysopa pallens. The male Vg was depleted by RNAi. Mating with Vg‐deficient male downregulated female Vg expression, suppressed ovarian development and decreased reproductive output. Whole‐organism transcriptome analysis after male Vg knockdown showed no differential expression of the known spermatogenesis‐related regulators and seminal fluid protein genes, but a sharp downregulation of an unknown gene, which encodes a testis‐enriched big protein (Vcsoo). Separate knockdown of male Vg and Vcsoo disturbed the assembly of spermatid cytoplasmic organelles in males and suppressed the expansion of ovary germarium in mated females. These results demonstrated that C. pallens male Vg signals through the downstream Vcsoo and regulates male and female reproduction.