bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya transmission in the metropolitan area of Cucuta, Colombia: cross-sectional analysis, baseline for a cluster-randomised controlled trial of a novel vector tool for water containers
Authors: Carrillo Maria Angelica , Sanchez Rocio Cardenas , Yañez Johanna , Petzold Max , Kroeger Axel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Arbovirus diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are a public health threat in tropical and subtropical areas. In the absence of a vaccine or specific treatment, vector management (in this case the control of the primary vector Aedes aegypti) is the best practice to prevent the three diseases. A good understanding of vector behaviour, ecology, human mobility and water use can help design effective vector control programmes. This study collected baseline information on these factors for identifying the arbovirus transmission risk and assessed the requirements for a large intervention trial in Colombia.
Methods
Baseline surveys were conducted in 5,997 households, randomly selected from 24 clusters (neighbourhoods with on average 2000 houses and 250 households inspected) in the metropolitan area of Cucuta, Colombia. The study established population characteristics including water management and mobility as well as larval-pupal indices which were estimated and compared in all clusters. Additionally, the study estimated disease incidence from two sources: self-reported dengue cases in the household survey and cases notified by the national surveillance system.
Results
In all 24 study clusters similar social and demographic characteristics were found but the entomological indicators and estimated disease incidence rates varied. The entomological indicators showed a high vector infestation: House Index = 25.1%, Container Index = 12.3% and Breteau Index = 29.6. Pupae per person Index (PPI) as an indicator of the transmission risk showed a large range from 0.22 to 2.04 indicating the high transmission risk in most clusters. The concrete ground tanks for laundry –mostly outdoors and uncovered- were the containers with the highest production of Aedes mosquitoes as 86.3% of all 17,613 pupae were identified in these containers. Also the annual incidence of dengue was high: 841.6 self-reported cases per 100,000 inhabitants and the dengue incidence notified by the National surveillance system was 1,013.4 cases per 100,000 in 2019. Only 2.2% of the households used the container water for drinking. 40.3% of the study population travelled during day (when Aedes mosquitoes bite) outside their clusters.
Conclusions:
The production of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes occurred almost exclusively in concrete ground tanks for laundry (lavadero) which are the primary intervention target. The baseline study provides important evidence for the design and implementation of a cluster randomized intervention trial in Colombia.
The Impact of Omicron Variant in Vaccine Uptake in South Africa
Authors: Ogbuokiri Blessing , Ahmadi Ali , Tripathi Nidhi , Movahedi Zahra , Melado Bruce , Wu Jianhong , Asgary Ali , Orbinski James , Kong Jude 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The first report of the Omicron variant triggered a lot of emotions towards vaccination in South Africa. These emotions are mostly expressed on social media such as Twitter. The result could weaken the confidence level of users even before they are vaccinated. Identifying these emotions and how they change before and during the Omicron variant can help, in understanding the dynamics in citizens' behaviour, towards vaccination for health policy-making. In this study, 23,000 vaccine-related Twitter posts were collected in South Africa, from 1 October 2021 to 15 January 2022 using Natural Language Processing techniques. The emotional classification of Twitter posts and their associated intensities were achieved using the Text2emotion pre-trained model. The results were validated using Naive Bayes with an accuracy of 76%, Logistic Regression (91%), Support Vector Machines (84%), Decision Tree (82%), and K-Nearest Neighbours (72%). The number of tweets significantly positively correlated with the increase in vaccination across all South African provinces (Corr<=0.532, P<=0.003) except Northern Cape province. The emotional intensities for vaccine-related posts showed a strong association with the increase in vaccination during Omicron (P<0.04) in Eastern Cape, Gauteng, Limpopo, and North West provinces than other provinces. The comparison of the intensities of the emotional classes differed across provinces before and during Omicron. The result of this research showed that social media data can be used to complement existing data, in understanding and predicting the dynamics in citizens' emotional behaviour towards vaccination, during a new COVID-19 variant or future outbreaks. The result could also inform health policy in planning, control, and management of provinces identified with vaccine hesitancy. It can also serve as a template or reference for related future academic research.
Role of imaging modalities and N-acetylcysteine treatment in sepsis-associated encephalopathy
Authors: Zhong Yazhi , Guan Jitian , Ma Yunfeng , Xu Meiling , Cheng Yan , Xu Liang , Lin Yan , Zhang Xiaolei , wu renhua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is a severe complication due to systemic infection. Although early stages involve pathophysiological changes, detection using conventional imaging is challenging. Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer and diffusion kurtosis imaging can noninvasively investigate cellular and molecular events in the early stage of the disease by MRI. N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant and precursor of glutathione, regulates the metabolism of the neurotransmitter glutamate and participates in neuroinflammation. We aimed to investigate the protective role of n-acetylcysteine in sepsis-associated encephalopathy using a rat model and monitor changes in the brain using magnetic resonance molecular imaging.
Methods
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide was injected intraperitoneally into the rats to induce a sepsis-associated encephalopathy model. The behavioural performance was assessed using the open field test. Tumour necrosis factor alpha and glutathione levels were detected biochemically. Imaging was performed using a 7.0-T MRI scanner. Protein expressions and cellular damage were assessed by western blotting and pathological staining, respectively. We also evaluated changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability by the Evans blue staining.
Results
The lipopolysaccharide-induced rats showed reduced anxiety and depression after treatment with n-acetylcysteine. Magnetic resonance molecular imaging can identify pathological processes at different stages of the disease. Furthermore, rats treated with n-acetylcysteine showed increased glutathione levels and decreased tumour necrosis factor alpha, suggesting enhanced antioxidant capacity and inhibition of inflammatory processes, respectively. Western blot analysis showed a reduced expression of nuclear factor kappa B (p50) protein after treatment, suggesting that n-acetylcysteine inhibits inflammation via this signalling pathway. Finally, n-acetylcysteine treated rats also showed reduced cellular damage by pathology and reduced extravasation of their blood-brain barrier by Evan Blue staining.
Conclusion
This study showed that n-acetylcysteine might be a therapeutic option for sepsis-associated encephalopathy and other neuroinflammatory diseases. Furthermore, non-invasive ‘dynamic visual monitoring’ of the physiological and pathological changes related to sepsis-associated encephalopathy was achieved for the first time using magnetic resonance molecular imaging, which provides a more sensitive imaging basis for early clinical diagnosis, identification, and prognosis.
Evaluation of a Peer Intervention Project in the Hospital Setting to Improve the Health-Related Quality of Life of Recently Diagnosed People with HIV infection
Authors: de Apodaca Maria Jose Fuster-Ruiz , Pérez-Garín Daniel , Baceiredo Víctor , Laguía Ana , Carrillo Jesús García , García Roberto , García Diego 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to assess the impact of a peer intervention programme in the hospital setting to improve the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people recently diagnosed with HIV infection.
Methods: A quasi-experimental single-group study with pre- and post-measurements was conducted. The peer intervention programme consisted of four sessions that took place at the following times: (1) the day of diagnosis, (2) the day when the results of the analyses were collected and ART (antiretroviral therapy) began, (3) 1 month after the start of ART, and (4) 4 months after the start of ART. The dependent variables were HRQoL and several psychological predictors of HRQoL. Change in the dependent variables was analysed through repeated measures variance analysis and covariance analysis. Forty-three people with HIV participated in the intervention (40 men, mean age = 39.14).
Results: A significant positive evolution was found in all the predictors of HRQoL, except avoidant coping (p < .05). A positive evolution was also found in all HRQoL dimensions (p < .05). There was a significant increase in CD4 cells/mm3 lymphocytes (p < .0001) and in the CD4/CD8 ratio (p < .001). The positive differential scores in the psychological health and social relationship dimensions influenced the increase in CD4 cells/mm3 lymphocytes (p = .012, p = 0.13). The increase in the social relations dimension score and overall health perception influenced the recovery of the CD4/CD8 ratio (p = .044; p = .068).
Conclusions: Peer intervention improved the HRQoL of people recently HIV diagnosed.
It was related to their immunological recovery. This study represents an essential advance in evaluating peer intervention programmes for positive prevention.
IVF Outcomes of Patients in women with Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: a retrospective study in China
Authors: Xu Wanxue , Li Rong , Qiao Jie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (IHH) is a rare reproductive disorder due to the dysfunction of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone axis. Without an exogenous hormone supplement, patients with IHH typically fail to enter or develop through puberty and retain infertility. This study was conducted to 1) address the population characteristic of IHH and their clinical outcomes who underwent IVF treatment, 2) evaluate the predictor for the ovarian response for IHH.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 83 women with IHH who underwent fresh ART cycles and non-diagnosed controls (n=676). The receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess the predictor for the ovarian response. The IVF outcomes and strategy patterns administered in IHH were investigated in univariate and regression analyses to optimize the live birth rate.
Results: The fertilization rate and 2PN rate in both fertilized methods (IVF and ICSI) were significantly higher in IHH groups, as was the number of transferable embryos. The highest clinical pregnancy (CP) rate was seen in IHH with a high ovarian response group (63.6%), followed by patients with normal ovarian response in controls. Among patients diagnosed as CP, significantly more live births were observed in IHH groups, even subdivided by the ovarian response. For high ovarian response, AMH levels were the most accurate and reliable predictor (ROC = 0.871). Among IHH patients, the initial Gn dose was significantly lower in CP groups than in non-CP. AMH was the negative factor for initial Gn and total Gn, while AFC was a positive factor in the duration of Gn use.
Conclusions: The study findings suggest patients with IHH were good responders to IVF treatment and the lower initial Gn dosing needs to be considered for normal ovarian responders in IHH. AMH was the best-performed predictor for the ovarian response. The "low and slow" Gn dosing protocol for IHH was practicable with a satisfied IVF outcome in the clinic.
Glycemic status and hyperchloremia as risk factors for acute kidney injury in children with diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Ornelas-Carreón Fernanda del Rosario , Rojas-Artiaga Gerardo , Ruiz-Jaramillo Ma. de la Cruz , Guízar-Mendoza Juan Manuel , Amador-Licona Norma 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). OBJECTIVE. To analyze the factors associated with nephrotoxicity in pediatric patients with DKA.
Material and methods. We performed a case-control study. Records of patients under 18 years of age with DKA were analyzed from January 2016 to January 2021 at the Hospital General Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico. Those who presented AKI diagnosed with KDIGO criteria were defined as cases and clinical and biochemical data were compared with the group that did not present AKI.
Results. Thirty records of patients with DKA were reviewed, of which 15 developed AKI (50%) which on average resolved by the fourth day of treatment. In this group there were higher values ​​of serum chloride (112±4 mEq/L vs. 105±4 mEq/L, p<0.001, power 99%) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (14.2±2.4% vs 11.5±2.4%, p=0.003, power 90%). The ROC curve analysis for serum chlorine and LRA had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9 (95% CI 0.69-0.97) with a cut-off point of 110 mEq/L and for HbA1c AUC of 0.8 (95% CI 0.6-0.9) with a cut-off point of 12.9%. The level of HbA1c ≥13% at admission as a risk factor for developing AKI showed an OR of 11 (95% CI 2-60) (p=0.006) and serum chloride ≥110 mEq/L an OR of 42 (95% CI 5 -346) (p=0.0005).
Conclusions. Half of the children with DKA had some degree of AKI. Serum chloride level ≥110 mEq/L or HbA1c ≥13% at admission increases the risk of AKI.
Shortest Minkowski billiard trajectories on convex bodies
Authors: Rudolf Daniel , Krupp Stefan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We rigorously investigate closed Minkowski/Finsler billiard trajectories on $n$-dimensional convex bodies. We outline the central properties in comparison and differentiation from the Euclidean special case and establish two main results for length-minimizing closed Minkowski/Finsler billiard trajectories: one is a regularity result, the other is of geometric nature. Building on these results, we develop an algorithm for computing length-minimizing closed Minkowski/Finsler billiard trajectories in the plane.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010) MSC 37C83
Basic Life Support (BLS) Knowledge Among General Population in Arab Countries: A Multinational Study in Nine Arab Countries
Authors: Shaheen Nour , Shaheen Ahmed , Mohmmed Abdelrahman , Diab Rehab Adel , Swed Sarya , Ramadan Abdelraouf , AL-Ahdal Tareq , Wael Muhannad , Kundu Mrinmoy , Soliman Sama , Elmasry Mohamed , Shoib Sheikh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Basic Life Support (BLS) is a medical treatment used in life-threatening emergencies until the sufferer can be properly cared for by a team of paramedics or in a hospital. It may save the lives of those who are choking, drowning, or experiencing cardiac arrest, as well as certain others, depending on the situation. This research seeks to assess the level of knowledge of basic life support and the contributing factors among the Arab non-medical population.
Methods: An online survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted among non-medical populations in nine Arab countries between April 13, 2022, and June 30, 2022. The utilized questionnaire consisted of two parts: part one includes socio-demographic and knowledge-related items; part two measures knowledge of basic life support through an online survey. For data analysis, we used SPSS version 28. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to investigate difference in BLS knowledge between groups defined by the independent variables Statistically significant differences were defined as those with a P value <0.05, and the score above the mean of knowledge on the BLS scale was considered adequate.
Results: The research included a total of 4465 participants. 2540 (56.89%) [95% CI (55.9–57.7)] of the participants were knowledgeable about basic life support. The mean basic life support knowledge scores of participants who received training were higher than those who had not (20.11 ± 4.20 vs. 16.96 ± 5.27). According to a comparison of the included nations' levels of BLS knowledge, Yemen scored the highest (19.86 ± 4.71), while Morocco had the lowest (14.15 ± 5.10). Additionally, individuals who resided in urban areas scored on average higher than those who did in rural areas (17.86 ± 5.19 vs. 17.13 ± 5.24, p<0.05) in understanding basic life support.
Conclusion: The level of BLS knowledge among non-medical people in Arab nations is moderate but insufficient to handle the urgent crises that we face everywhere; in addition to physicians being needed to learn the basic BLS principles, non-medical people should also be knowledgeable of the necessary actions to take in emergency events.
Effect of phosphonate additives with hydroxy groups on tribological properties of ta-C coatings under boundary lubrication
Authors: Kento Kento , Tokoroyama Takayuki , Umehara Noritsugu , Murashima Motoyuki , Oshio Tadashi , Yagishita Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the range of applications of DLC coatings has been expanding, and finding the optimal additives for DLC coatings is an urgent issue. In this study, friction tests were conducted on ta-C/ta-C tribopair using a phosphonate additive with hydroxy groups, which is a combination of GMO (an additive that reduces friction of DLC) and ZDDP (an additive that reduces wear), and tribolayers after friction tests were analyzed using AFM, XPS and ToF-SIMS. The results showed that the phosphonate additive with hydroxy groups tribochemically reacted with the ta-C coating to form a low-shear, hard triblayer on the surface, thereby reducing the friction and wear of the ta-C coating.This indicates that additives with phosphonate structures and hydroxy groups are effective for DLC coatings.
Experiences on screening and management of gestational diabetes among women diagnosed with GDM
Authors: Abubakari Abdulai , Bukari Mohammed , Malechi Hawa , Garti Humphery , Agbozo Faith 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Understanding the experiences of women diagnosed with GDM can improve GDM care. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the perspectives of women in northern Ghana who had been diagnosed with GDM regarding screening and management.
Methods: This was a facility-based qualitative cross-sectional study among purposively sampled women diagnosed with GDM and were receiving care from healthcare providers. Women were asked about their reaction on being diagnosed with gestational diabetes, experience with care, training, self-monitoring, and challenges with management of gestational diabetes and data obtained were analysed using thematic content analysis
Results: Two major themes emerged on screening and management experience for women diagnosed with GDM; intense emotional experience relating to diagnosis and management and satisfactory experience on general GDM care. The intense emotional experience was characterised by feeling of sadness, fear, worry and confusion. The satisfactory experience was based on their thoughts on dietary advice they received during GDM care, the difficulties they experienced in getting information about diet from different health care professionals, feeling about getting information about diet from different health care professionals, perception about dietary and lifestyle approaches in the management of their condition and general thoughts or impressions on how GDM is managed.
Conclusion: Two major themes emerged on screening and management experience for women diagnosed with GDM; intense emotional experience relating to diagnosis and management and satisfactory experience on general GDM care.
A non-contact method for real-time stacked- sheet counting based on broadband X-ray absorption spectra and LSTM model
Authors: Fang Zheng , Yuan Bingan , Wang Mengyi , Ye Bichao , Li Shunren , Chen Yinbin , Deng Hongjun , Feng Shucheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In order to count stacked-sheet in real time, a non-contact method based on broadband X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network was proposed. Five hundred sheets of standard A4 printing papers (70 g/m2) were taken as experimental samples. The broadband XAS detection equipment was used to scan the papers leading to 500 broadband XAS data, and the data were preprocessed by principal component analysis (PCA). LSTM was built to count stacked papers, and compared with polynomial fitting model(PFM) and artificial neural network (ANN) to verify the difference in prediction accuracy. Mean square error (MSE), Mean absolute error (MAE), Max-error (MAXE) and Coefficient of determination (R2) were selected as evaluation indexes of above models. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach can count stacked-sheet accurately with the MAE was 1.0895 and the prediction time was less than 0.006 second. All the index results of LSTM were better than those of PFM and ANN. Therefore, this study using broadband XAS and LSTM realized real-time stacked-sheet counting, and provided a new idea for thickness measurement field.
Knowledge and practice of Informal Caregivers on Pressure Injury Prevention and Treatment among Patients Need Palliative Care: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: BaniHani Heyam , Alnaeem Mohammad Minwer , Saleh Mohammad , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Pressure injuries represent an important problem in palliative care. Lack of knowledge and skills among informal caregivers on pressure ulcer prevention and management contributes significantly to the happening or deterioration of pressure injuries.
Aim: The aims of this study were to: (1) determine the level of knowledge and practices of informal caregivers on pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. (2) explore the socio-demographic characteristics of informal caregivers that influence pressure ulcer prevention and treatment among patients who need palliative care.
Methods: the quantitative cross-sectional descriptive design was used to collect data conveniently from 146 informal caregivers, and a valid and reliable questionnaire was used.
Results: One hundred and forty-six informal caregivers completed the study. Most participants had a relativelylow level of pressure ulcer prevention, treatment knowledge, and practice. Participants older than 28 years, government workers, and married had significantlybetter knowledge and practice of PU prevention and treatment than other participants.
Conclusion information for informal caregivers in different settings about pressure ulcer prevention and treatment is needed by focusing on young married ones. Informal caregivers need to acquire more professional practices and knowledge to improve the quality of patient care.