bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanodrug rescues liver fibrosis via synergistic therapy with H2O2 depletion and Saikosaponin b1 sustained release
Authors: Peng Mengyun , Shao Meiyu , Dong Hongyan , Han Xin , Hao Min , Yang Qiao , Lyu Qiang , Tang Dongxin , Shen Zhe , Wang Kuilong , Kuang Haodan , Cao Gang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHypoxia and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation form the profibrogenic liver environment, which involves fibrogenesis and chronic stimulation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Catalase (CAT) is the major antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes H2O2 into oxygen and water, which loses its activity in different liver diseases, especially in liver fibrosis. Clinical specimens of cirrhosis patients and liver fibrotic mice are collected in this work, and results show that CAT decrease is closely correlated with hypoxia-induced transforminmg growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). A multifunctional nanosystem combining CAT-like MnO2 and anti-fibrosis Saikosaponin b1 (Ssb1) is subsequently constructed for antifibrotic therapy. MnO2 catalyzes the accumulated H2O2 into oxygen, thereby ameliorating the hypoxic and oxidative stress to prevent activation of HSCs, and assists to enhance the antifibrotic pharmaceutical effect of Ssb1. This work suggests that TGF-β1 is responsible for the diminished CAT in liver fibrosis, and our designed MnO2@PLGA/Ssb1 nanosystem displays enhanced antifibrotic efficiency through removing excess H2O2 and hypoxic stress, which may be a promising therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis treatment.
Impact of microbial genome completeness on metagenomic functional inference
Authors: Eisenhofer Raphael , Odriozola Iñaki , Alberdi Antton 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Inferring the functional capabilities of bacteria from metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) is becoming a central process in microbiology. Here we show that the completeness of genomes has a significant impact on the recovered functional signal, spanning all domains of metabolic functions. We identify factors that affect this relationship between genome completeness and function fullness, and provide baseline knowledge to guide efforts to correct for this overlooked bias in metagenomic functional inference.
Potential therapeutic action of tauroursodeoxycholic acid against cholestatic liver injury via hepatic Fxr/Nrf2 and CHOP-DR5-caspase-8 pathway
Authors: Song Guochao , Weng Fengyi , Zou Bin , Zhao Jing , Jin Jingyi , Yan Dongming , Huang Kai , Sun Xin , Liu Chenghai , Hu Yiyang , Li Yue , Qiu Furong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cholestasis is a pathophysiologic syndrome with limited therapeutic options. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) has been employed to treat hepatobiliary disorders and is as effective as UDCA in alleviating cholestatic liver disease in clinical trials. Until now, TUDCA’s mechanism of action toward cholestasis remains unclear. In the present study, cholestasis was induced with a cholic acid (CA)-supplemented diet or α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT) gavage in wild-type and Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) deficient mice, using obeticholic acid (OCA) as control. The effects of TUDCA on liver histological changes, transaminase level, bile acid composition, hepatocyte death, expression of Fxr and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and target genes, as well as apoptotic signaling pathways, were investigated. Treating CA-fed mice with TUDCA markedly alleviated liver injury, attenuated bile acids retention in liver and plasma, increased Fxr and Nrf2 nuclear levels and modulated the expression of targets regulating synthesis and transportation of bile acids, including BSEP, MRP2, NTCP and CYP7A1. TUDCA, but not OCA, activated Nrf2 signaling and exerted protective effects against cholestatic liver injury in Fxr−/− mice fed with CA. Furthermore, in both mice with CA- and ANIT-induced cholestasis, TUDCA decreased expression of GRP78 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), reduced death receptor 5 (DR5) transcription, caspase-8 activation, and BID cleavage, and subsequently inhibited activation of executioner caspases and apoptosis in liver. We confirmed that TUDCA protected against cholestatic liver injury by alleviating BAs burden of dually activating hepatic Fxr and Nrf2. Moreover, inhibiting CHOP-DR5-caspase-8 pathway contributed to the anti-apoptotic effect of TUDCA in cholestasis.
Vowel Acoustics as Predictors of Speech Intelligibility in Dysarthria
Authors: Thompson Austin , Hirsch Micah E. , Lansford Kaitlin L. , Kim Yunjung 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
This study sought to determine if alternative vowel space area (VSA) measures (i.e., novel trajectory-based measures: vowel space hull area and vowel space density) predicted speech intelligibility to the same extent as two traditional vowel measures (i.e., token-based measures: VSA and corner dispersion) in speakers with dysarthria. Additionally, this study examined if the strength of the relationship between acoustic vowel measures and intelligibility differed based on how intelligibility was measured (i.e., orthographic transcriptions [OTs] and visual analog scale [VAS] ratings).

Method:

The Grandfather Passage was read aloud by 40 speakers with dysarthria of varying etiologies, including Parkinson's disease (
n
= 10), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (
n
= 10), Huntington's disease (
n
= 10), and cerebellar ataxia (
n
= 10). Token- and trajectory-based acoustic vowel measures were calculated from the passage. Naïve listeners (
N
= 140) were recruited via crowdsourcing to provide OTs and VAS intelligibility ratings. Hierarchical linear regression models were created to model OTs and VAS intelligibility ratings using the acoustic vowel measures as predictors.

Results:

Traditional VSA was the sole significant predictor of speech intelligibility for both the OTs (
R
2
= .259) and VAS (
R
2
= .236) models. In contrast, the trajectory-based measures were not significant predictors of intelligibility. Additionally, the OTs and VAS intelligibility ratings conveyed similar information.

Conclusions:
The findings suggest that traditional token-based vowel measures better predict intelligibility than trajectory-based measures. Additionally, the findings suggest that VAS methods are comparable to OT methods for estimating speech intelligibility for research purposes.
Spatial‐temporal response capability probabilistic evaluation method of electric vehicle aggregator based on trip characteristics modelling
Authors: Xu Xiangchu , Mi Zengqiang , Yu Shiyuan , Zhan Zewei , Ji Ling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccurately evaluating the response capability of electric vehicles (EVs) is very important for an EV aggregator (EVA) to formulate reasonable bidding strategies in ancillary service markets. Most of the methods proposed in the existing literature only evaluate EVs’ temporal response capability while ignoring their spatial distribution. In addition, the evaluation results provided by the existing methods are typically deterministic, which fails to characterize the uncertainty of EV trip. The above two issues pose high risk of economic loss for the EVA. To this end, a probabilistic evaluation method of spatial‐temporal response capability for EVA is proposed in this paper. The gravity model is adopted to calculate a spatial transfer probability matrix describing EV owners’ trip characteristics between different areas at each time in a region which is divided into several different areas according to the evaluation requirements. Then, the trip chains of EVs are modelled based on the spatial transfer probability matrix, and the states of charge (SOCs) of EVs are tracked in the process. The spatial‐temporal response capability of EVA is evaluated based on charging–discharging states and states of charge of EVs, and the probabilistic evaluation results of response capability are obtained by multiple Monte Carlo simulations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on a real dataset from San Francisco, CA, USA.
CO(2−1) survey at 9 pc resolution in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Saldaño H. P. , Rubio M. , Bolatto A. D. , Verdugo C. , Jameson K. E. , Leroy A. K. 
Published: February 2023

Context. The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is the closest low-metallicity galaxy to the Milky Way where the dynamical state of molecular clouds can be analyzed.
Aims. Our aim is to present a CO(2−1) survey at ~9 pc resolution obtained with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope in an extensive region (~0.4kpc2) of the SMC and uniformly characterize the properties of the SMC clouds.
Methods. We used the CPROPS algorithm to identify the molecular clouds and estimate their main CO properties. We analyzed the characteristics of the SMC clouds by studying the scaling relations between the radii, velocity dispersions, luminosities, and virial masses. We also analyzed the mass spectrum of the SMC through the cumulative mass distribution. We used the dust-based total gas masses of SMC clouds presented in the literature to analyze the stability of the molecular clouds and also to estimate the CO-to-H2 conversion factor for the SMC. We used young stellar objects (YSOs) and HII region catalogs in the literature and IR observations in public databases to inspect the star-forming regions in the SMC.
Results. We identified 177 molecular clouds within the SMC, of which 124 clouds are fully resolved with signal-to-noise ratios ≳5. We found that the CO luminosity of the identified clouds is (1.3 ± 0.2) × 105 K kms−1 pc2 (representing at least 70% of the total CO luminosity of the region) and the corresponding gas mass from virial determination is Mgas = (1.5 ± 0.5) × 106 M⊙. The scaling relationships show that the SMC clouds are (on average) less turbulent and less luminous than their inner Milky Way counterparts of similar size by a factor of approximately two and three, respectively, while for a fixed linewidth, the SMC clouds are overluminous by a factor of approximately 3.5. We found that the mass spectra of the SMC based on both the luminous mass and the virial mass are steeper than dN/dM ∝ M−2, suggesting that most of the molecular mass of the SMC is contained in low-mass clouds. Using the virial masses of the SMC CO clouds identified by CPROPS, we derived a CO-to-H2 conversion factor of αCOvir = 10.5 ± 5 M⊙ (K km s−1 pc2)−1, adopting the measured SMC CO(2−1)/CO(1−0) ratio of one. Regarding the dust clouds for which we had identified the corresponding CO emission, we determined an upper limit of the dust-based conversion factor for the SMC of αCOdust = 28 ± 15 M⊙ (Kkm s−1 pc2)−1 at 12 pc resolution. These conversion factors, determined by two alternative methods, are about 2.5 and 6.5 times larger than the canonical Galactic conversion factor. For molecular clouds where there is both a dust and a virial mass, we found that the clouds appear to be in approximate gravitational virial equilibrium. Finally, we found that about half of the clouds identified by CPROPS are associated with ongoing star formation, either YSOs or HII regions, but also that close to half the clouds are not. Most of the YSOs in the clouds are in their first evolutive stages.
The X-ray synchrotron rims in Cassiopeia A narrow with energy
Authors: Picquenot A. , Williams B. J. , Acero F. , Guest B. T. 
Published: February 2023

Context. Some young supernova remnants exhibit thin filaments of X-ray synchrotron radiation coinciding with the forward shock due to accelerated electrons interacting with the local magnetic field. The two main models accounting for the radial brightness evolution of these filaments differ in their prediction of the narrowing (or not) of the filaments with increasing photon energy.
Aims. In this paper, we report our observation of such a narrowing of the synchrotron filaments in Cassiopeia A at X-ray energies, and how this finding could inform our understanding of the mechanisms at stake in their formation.
Methods. We used a new blind-source-separation method on the 1 Ms Chandra observation of Cassiopeia A in order to obtain detailed and unpolluted images of the synchrotron emission in three energy bands. We then extracted the profiles of several filaments at the forward shock and the reverse shock to estimate and compare their widths.
Results. We find that there is indeed a narrowing with energy of the synchrotron filaments both at the forward and at the reverse shocks in Cassiopeia A. The energy dependency of this narrowing seems stronger at high energy, which is indicative of a damping effect that is also suggested by radio observations.
Discovering strongly lensed quasar candidates with catalogue-based methods from DESI Legacy Surveys
Authors: He Zizhao , Li Nan , Cao Xiaoyue , Li Rui , Zou Hu , Dye Simon 
Published: February 2023

Context. The Hubble tension, revealed by a ~5σ discrepancy between measurements of the Hubble-Lemaitre constant among observations of the early and local Universe, is one of the most significant problems in modern cosmology. In order to better understand the origin of this mismatch, independent techniques to measure H0, such as strong lensing time delays, are required. Notably, the sample size of such systems is key to minimising the statistical uncertainties and cosmic variance, which can be improved by exploring the datasets of large-scale sky surveys such as Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI).
Aims. We identify possible strong lensing time-delay systems within DESI by selecting candidate multiply imaged lensed quasars from a catalogue of 24 440 816 candidate QSOs contained in the ninth data release of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (DESI-LS).
Methods. Using a friend-of-friends-like algorithm on spatial co-ordinates, our method generates an initial list of compact quasar groups. This list is subsequently filtered using a measure of the similarity of colours among a group’s members and the likelihood that they are quasars. A visual inspection finally selects candidate strong lensing systems based on the spatial configuration of the group members.
Results. We identified 620 new candidate multiply imaged lensed quasars (101 grade-A, 214 grade-B, 305 grade-C). This number excludes 53 known spectroscopically confirmed systems and existing candidate systems identified in other similar catalogues. When available, these new candidates will be further checked by combining the spectroscopic and photometric data from DESI.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Lafarga M. , Ribas I. , Zechmeister M. , Reiners A. , López-Gallifa Á. , Montes D. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Caballero J. A. , Azzaro M. , Béjar V. J. S. , Hatzes A. P. , Henning Th. , Jeffers S. V. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Schöfer P. , Schweitzer A. , Tabernero H. M. , Osorio M. R. Zapatero 
Published: February 2023

Context. Radial velocities (RVs) measured from high-resolution stellar spectra are routinely used to detect and characterise orbiting exoplanet companions. The different lines present in stellar spectra are created by several species, which are non-uniformly affected by stellar variability features such as spots or faculae. Stellar variability distorts the shape of the spectral absorption lines from which precise RVs are measured, posing one of the main problems in the study of exoplanets.
Aims. In this work we aim to study how the spectral lines present in M dwarfs are independently impacted by stellar activity.
Methods. We used CARMENES optical spectra of six active early- and mid-type M dwarfs to compute line-by-line RVs and study their correlation with several well-studied proxies of stellar activity.
Results. We are able to classify spectral lines based on their sensitivity to activity in five M dwarfs displaying high levels of stellar activity. We further used this line classification to compute RVs with activity-sensitive lines and less sensitive lines, enhancing or mitigating stellar activity effects in the RV time series. For specific sets of the least activity-sensitive lines, the RV scatter decreases by ~2 to 5 times the initial one, depending on the star. Finally, we compare these lines in the different stars analysed, finding the sensitivity to activity to vary from star to star.
Conclusions. Despite the high density of lines and blends present in M dwarf stellar spectra, we find that a line-by-line approach is able to deliver precise RVs. Line-by-line RVs are also sensitive to stellar activity effects, and they allow for an accurate selection of activity-insensitive lines to mitigate activity effects in RV. However, we find stellar activity effects to vary in the same insensitive lines from star to star.
Structured Reporting in Cross-Sectional Imaging of the Heart: Reporting Templates for CMR Imaging of Ischemia and Myocardial Viability and for Cardiac CT Imaging of Coronary Heart Disease and TAVI Planning
Authors: Soschynski Martin , Bunck Alexander Christian , Beer Meinrad , Kloempken Steffen , Schlett Christopher L , Baeßler Bettina , Kröger Jan Robert , Persigehl Thorsten , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Steinmetz Michael , Niehaus Adelheid , Bamberg Fabian , Ley Sebastian , Tiemann Klaus , Beerbaum Philipp , Lotz Joachim , Maintz David , Kloth Christopher , Brunner Horst , Ritter Christian O 
Published: February 2023

Background Structured reporting allows a high grade of standardization and thus a safe and unequivocal report communication. In the past years, the radiological societies have started several initiatives to base radiological reports on structured reporting rather than free text reporting.
Methods Upon invitation of the working group for Cardiovascular Imaging of the German Society of Radiology, in 2018 an interdisciplinary group of Radiologists, Cardiologists, Pediatric Cardiologists and Cardiothoracic surgeons -all experts on the field of cardiovascular MR and CT imaging- met for interdisciplinary consensus meetings at the University Hospital Cologne. The aim of these meetings was to develop and consent templates for structured reporting in cardiac MR and CT of various cardiovascular diseases.
Results Two templates for structured reporting of CMR in ischemia imaging and vitality imaging and two templates for structured reporting of CT imaging for planning Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI; pre-TAVI-CT) and coronary CT were discussed, consented and transferred to a HTML 5/IHR MRRT compatible format. The templates were made available for free use on the website www.befundung.drg.de.
Conclusion This paper suggests consented templates in German language for the structured reporting of cross-sectional CMR imaging of ischemia and vitality as well as reporting of CT imaging pre-TAVI and coronary CT. The implementation of these templates is aimed at providing a constant level of high reporting quality and increasing the efficiency of report generation as well as a clinically based communication of imaging results.
Key points:
Zitierweise
Zwischen Wunsch und Wirklichkeit: Mehr Effizienz durch Ambulantisierung von Eingriffen in der Kinderurologie
Authors: Hofmann Aybike , Badelt Gregor , Rösch Wolfgang H. 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDie „Ambulantisierung“ von Eingriffen und Leistungen gewinnt derzeit zunehmend an
Interesse. Zukünftig sollen gemäß IGES-Gutachten mehr als 2000 Eingriffe in den Katalog für
ambulantes Operieren aufgenommen werden. Dies bedeutet auch für den (kinder-)urologischen
Bereich eine deutliche Zunahme ambulant durchführbarer Eingriffe. Allerdings hängt die
Umsetzbarkeit, insbesondere in der Kinderurologie, von vielen spezifischen personellen,
organisatorischen und strukturellen Voraussetzungen ab.
Comparison of the efficacy of pioglitazone and metformin on
ultrasound grade and liver enzymes level in patients with non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Khoshbaten Manouchehr , Beheshtirouy Samineh , Shayanrad Shahrzad , Gharekhani Afshin , Rezaee Haleh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of metformin and
pioglitazone in combination with vitamin E on sonography grade and liver enzymes
level in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed with 68
patients diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by sonography and
clinical examinations. Sixty-eight patients were randomly divided into two
groups; 34 were assigned to receive 15 mg of pioglitazone per day and 34
were assigned to receive 1000 mg of metformin per day for 6 months. All
of the patients received vitamin E at a dose of 800 IU daily for six months. The
sonography grade of fatty liver and the levels of alanine aminotransferase and
aspartate aminotransferase of patients were evaluated at baseline, and within
three and six months after initiation of the intervention.
Results The use of metformin or pioglitazone in combination with vitamin E
decreased the sonography grade of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients
after 6 months of treatment (p-value<0.05); however, patients in
metformin group benefit more compared to pioglitazone group. Patients who
received metformin and vitamin E had a significant reduction in the levels of
alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (p-value<0.05).
There were no significant changes in the liver enzymes level of the patients who
received pioglitazone and vitamin E (p-value>0.05).
Major conclusion The concomitant use of metformin and vitamin E
significantly improves the sonography grade of fatty liver and the level of
liver enzymes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Psychische Belastungen bei Angehörigen von Menschen mit
psychischen Erkrankungen während der COVID-19 Pandemie
Authors: Jahn Ina , Jelinek Lena , Moritz Steffen , Stengler Katarina 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Die COVID-19 Pandemie stellt für die meisten
Menschen eine Belastung dar – insbesondere jedoch für psychisch
Erkrankte und deren Angehörige. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es,
spezifische Belastungen sowie Bewältigungsstrategien bei
Angehörigen von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen zu
untersuchen.
Methoden  Für die Studie wurde ein
Fragebogen zur Erfassung Corona-Pandemie-bedingter Einflüsse auf
Belastungen von Angehörigen von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen
entwickelt. Insgesamt nahmen 228 Angehörige nahmen zwischen März
bis Juni 2021 an der Befragung teil.
Ergebnisse  Mehr als
87% der Angehörigen berichteten, dass sie von der psychischen
Erkrankung ihrer erkrankten Angehörigen belastet seien. Viele der
Befragten beschrieben subjektiv hilfreiche Bewältigungsstrategien wie
Wertschätzung gesunder Anteile.
Schlussfolgerung
Für Angehörige von Menschen mit psychischen
Erkrankungen sollten in Krisenzeiten, wie die der COVID-19 Pandemie
Versorgungsstrukturen und Unterstützungsangebote sensibel ausgerichtet
und kontinuierlich vorgehalten werden.