bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of a RAD51-based functional HRD test on paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue
Authors: van Wijk Lise M. , Vermeulen Sylvia , ter Haar Natalja T. , Kramer Claire J. H. , Terlouw Diantha , Vrieling Harry , Cohen Danielle , Vreeswijk Maaike P. G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
BRCA-deficient breast cancers (BC) are highly sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors due to their deficiency in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. However, HR deficiency (HRD) extends beyond BRCA-associated BC, highlighting the need for a sensitive method to enrich for HRD tumors in an alternative way. A promising approach is the use of functional HRD tests which evaluate the HR capability of tumor cells by measuring RAD51 protein accumulation at DNA damage sites. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a functional RAD51-based HRD test for the identification of HRD BC.

Methods
The functional HR status of 63 diagnostic formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) BC samples was determined by applying the RAD51-FFPE test. Samples were screened for the presence of (epi)genetic defects in HR and matching tumor samples were analyzed with the RECAP test, which requires ex vivo irradiated fresh tumor tissue on the premise that the HRD status as determined by the RECAP test faithfully represented the functional HR status.

Results
The RAD51-FFPE test identified 23 (37%) of the tumors as HRD, including three tumors with pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2. The RAD51-FFPE test showed a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 76% in determining the HR-class as defined by the RECAP test.

Conclusion
Given its high sensitivity and compatibility with FFPE samples, the RAD51-FFPE test holds great potential to enrich for HRD tumors, including those associated with BRCA-deficiency. This potential extends to situations where DNA-based testing may be challenging or not easily accessible in routine clinical practice. This is particularly important considering the potential implications for treatment decisions and patient stratification.
A nested genetic algorithm strategy for an optimal seismic design of frames
Authors: Greco A. , Cannizzaro F. , Bruno R. , Pluchino A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn innovative strategy for an optimal design of planar frames able to resist seismic excitations is proposed. The optimal design is performed considering the cross sections of beams and columns as design variables. The procedure is based on genetic algorithms (GA) that are performed according to a nested structure suitable to be implemented in parallel on several computing devices. In particular, this bi-level optimization involves two nested genetic algorithms. The first external one seeks the size of the structural elements of the frame which corresponds to the most performing solution associated with the highest value of an appropriate fitness function. The latter function takes into account, among other considerations, the seismic safety factor and the failure mode that are calculated by means of the second internal algorithm. The proposed procedure aims at representing a prompt performance-based design procedure which observes earthquake engineering principles, that is displacement capacity and energy dissipation, although based on a limit analysis, thus avoiding the need of performing cumbersome nonlinear analyses. The details of the proposed procedure are provided and applications to the seismic design of two frames of different size are described.
Evaluating the attenuation of naphthenic acids in constructed wetland mesocosms planted with Carex aquatilis
Authors: Trepanier Kaitlyn E. , Vander Meulen Ian J. , Ahad Jason M. E. , Headley John V. , Degenhardt Dani 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurface oil sands mining and extraction in northern Alberta’s Athabasca oil sands region produce large volumes of oil sands process–affected water (OSPW). OSPW is a complex mixture containing major contaminant classes including trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs). Naphthenic acids (NAs) are the primary organic toxicants in OSPW, and reducing their concentrations is a priority for oil sands companies. Previous evidence has shown that constructed wetland treatment systems (CWTSs) are capable of reducing the concentration of NAs and the toxicity of OSPW through bioremediation. In this study, we constructed greenhouse mesocosms with OSPW or lab process water (LPW) (i.e., water designed to mimic OSPW minus the NAFC content) with three treatments: (1) OSPW planted with Carex aquatilis; (2) OSPW, no plants; and (3) LPW, no plants. The OSPW–C. aquatilis treatment saw a significant reduction in NAFC concentrations in comparison to OSPW, no plant treatments, but both changed the distribution of the NAFCs in similar ways. Upon completion of the study, treatments with OSPW saw fewer high-molecular-weight NAs and an increase in the abundance of O3- and O4-containing formulae. Results from this study provide invaluable information on how constructed wetlands can be used in future remediation of OSPW in a way that previous studies were unable to achieve due to uncontrollable environmental factors in field experiments and the active, high-energy processes used in CWTSs pilot studies.
Channelling electric current during the field-assisted sintering technique (FAST) to control microstructural evolution in Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Pepper James , Blanch Oliver Levano , Thomas Ben , Jackson Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPerhaps the most defining feature of field-assisted sintering technology (FAST) is the application of an electric current, in addition to the uniaxial pressure, to create resistive heating in and around the sample region. However, with a few exceptions, most research takes this as an unchangeable part of the process. Here, this current flow has been directed to specific regions within the toolset, using boron nitride as electrically insulating material. This caused the heating to occur in differing regions within the Ti-6Al-4V sample and mould over four insulating configurations, with the shift in current density resulting in an extreme disparity in the final microstructures. The samples were imaged and analysed with deep learning in MIPAR, alongside comparisons with finite element analysis (FEA) models for 20 s and 5 min dwell times, to provide the technique with predictive capabilities for grain size and microstructure. The results gathered imply significant potential for this concept to improve the flexibility of FAST, and reduce negative effects such as undesirable temperature profiles in size scaling sintering for industry.
Interpretation of experimental findings on the structure of glass in the CaO–MoO3–P2O5 system using a thermodynamic model including oxidation–reduction equilibria
Authors: Macháček Jan , Liška Marek , Hruška Branislav , Gedeon Ondrej 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work extends the thermodynamic model of associated solutions used in the past to describe the structure and properties of glasses to the area of complex multicomponent glasses with polyvalent elements, where it has not been applied until now either due to the absence of Gibbs energies of formation of the necessary compounds or due to oxidation–reduction equilibrium in the presence of a gas phase containing oxygen. While the fitting of unknown Gibbs energies based on experimental data has already been applied to some extent in our previous work, the implementation of redox is, to the best of our knowledge, new. Four concentration series were taken from the published data from the glass-forming ternary system CaO–MoO3−P2O5: A) xMoO3−(0.5–0.75x)CaO−(0.5–0.25x)P2O5; B) xMoO3−(0.5–0.875x)CaO−(0.5–0.125x)P2O5; C) xMoO3−(0.5−x)CaO−0.5P2O5; M) xMoO3−(1−x)P2O, for which the distributions of Qn units were also published (Q denotes the PO4 tetrahedral unit with n bridging oxygens) by the 31P MAS NMR method and the Mo[V]/ΣMo fraction by the ESR method [Černošek et al. (J Solid State Chem 303:122522, 2021); Holubová et al., (J Non-Cryst Solids 607:122222, 2023)]. The following compounds were considered in the TD model: P2O5, CaO, Mo[VI]O3, Ca(PO3)2, Ca2P2O7, (Mo[VI]O2)(PO3)2, (Mo[VI]O2)2(P2O7), (Mo[VI]O2)3(PO4)2, (Mo[V]O)2(PO3)2(P2O7), (Mo[V]O)PO4. All except the hypothetical compound (Mo[VI]O2)3(PO4)2 exist, and their structure is known. Binary phosphate compounds with molybdenum lack Gibbs energies of formation. Therefore, one of the series, namely A, was used to determine these energies by nonlinear regression with the help of a genetic algorithm, without/with redox, and then the distribution of Qn units and the fraction of Mo[V]/ΣMo was predicted for the remaining series. It was found that the distribution of Qn units can be described by the TD model with redox only. During the reduction of molybdenum, the distribution of Qn unit’s changes, and thus also the connectivity of the phosphate network, for example, according to the reactions: (MoO2)2(P2O7)—> 2(MoO)PO4 + 1/2O2, in which Q1—> Q0 and 2(MoO2)(PO3)2—> (MoO)2(PO3)2(P2O7) + 1/2O2 in which Q2—> Q1. Despite the fact that the TD model with redox gives excellent agreement in the case of the Qn distribution, the agreement with the ESR measurements of the Mo[V]/ΣMo ratio is not good. The TD model predicts significantly more pentavalent molybdenum in the glass.
Robust Statistical Processing of Long-Time Data Series to Estimate Soil Water Content
Authors: Anello Mirko , Bittelli Marco , Bordoni Massimiliano , Laurini Fabrizio , Meisina Claudia , Riani Marco , Valentino Roberto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe research presented in this paper aims at providing a statistical model that is capable of estimating soil water content based on weather data. The model was tested using a long-time series of field experimental data from continuous monitoring at a test site in Oltrepò Pavese (northern Italy). An innovative statistical function was developed in order to predict the evolution of soil–water content from precipitation and air temperature. The data were analysed in a framework of robust statistics by using a combination of robust parametric and non-parametric models. Specifically, a statistical model, which includes the typical seasonal trend of field data, has been set up. The proposed model showed that relevant features present in the field of experimental data can be obtained and correctly described for predictive purposes.
STDC-Net: A spatial-temporal deformable convolution network for conference video frame interpolation
Authors: Hu Jinhui , Wang Qianrui , Li Dengshi , Gao Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVideo conference communication can be seriously affected by dropped frames or reduced frame rates due to network or hardware restrictions. Video frame interpolation techniques can interpolate the dropped frames and generate smoother videos. However, existing methods can not generate plausible results in video conferences due to the large motions of the eyes, mouth and head. To address this issue, we propose a Spatial-Temporal Deformable Convolution Network (STDC-Net) for conference video frame interpolation. The STDC-Net first extracts shallow spatial-temporal features by an embedding layer. Secondly, it extracts multi-scale deep spatial-temporal features through Spatial-Temporal Representation Learning (STRL) module, which contains several Spatial-Temporal Feature Extracting (STFE) blocks and downsample layers. To extract the temporal features, each STFE block splits feature maps along the temporal pathway and processes them with Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Similarly, the STFE block splits the temporal features along horizontal and vertical pathways and processes them by another two MLPs to get spatial features. By splitting the feature maps into segments of varying lengths in different scales, the STDC-Net can extract both local details and global spatial features, allowing it to effectively handle large motions. Finally, Frame Synthesis (FS) module predicts weights, offsets and masks using the spatial-temporal features, which are used in deformable convolution to generate the intermediate frames. Experimental results demonstrate the STDC-Net outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Compared to the baseline, the proposed method achieved a PSNR improvement of 0.13 dB and 0.17 dB on the Voxceleb2 and HDTF datasets, respectively.
VedicDateTime: An R package to implement Vedic calendar system
Authors: Bokde Neeraj Dhanraj , Patil Prajwal Kailasnath , Sengupta Saradindu , Sawant Manisha , Feijóo-Lorenzo Andrés E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCalendar systems adopted across the world are either solar, lunar or lunisolar, based on the movements of the sun, the moon, or both. The Gregorian (solar) calendars are considered as time references for modern computations. However, Vedic calendars, being lunisolar, can be more effective for the analysis of activities that depend on both celestial bodies. In this paper, we present , an open-source framework that implements the Vedic calendar and provides conversions for Gregorian dates. Along with package details, we also provide two case studies that make use of the proposed package for time-series analysis. The objective of this paper is to motivate researchers to explore the potential of the Vedic calendar from the perspective of time series analysis.
Exercise, Spinal Microglia and Neuropathic Pain: Potential Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Wang Min-Jia , Jing Xin-Yu , Wang Yao-Zheng , Yang Bi-Ru , Lu Qu , Hu Hao , Kang Liang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs one of the most common neuropathic disorders, neuropathic pain often has a negative impact on patients with persistent pain, mood disorders and sleep disturbances. Currently, neuropathic pain is not treated with any specific drug, instead, drugs for other diseases are used as replacements in clinics, but most have adverse effects. In recent years, the role of spinal cord microglia in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain has been widely recognized, and they are being explored as potential therapeutic targets. Spinal microglia are known to be involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of neuropathic pain through purine signaling, fractalkine signaling, and p38 MAPK signaling. Exercise is a safe and effective treatment, and numerous studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in improving neurological symptoms. Nevertheless, it remains unclear what the exact molecular mechanism is. This review summarized the specific molecular mechanisms of exercise in alleviating neuropathic pain by mediating the activity of spinal microglia and maintaining the phenotypic homeostasis of spinal microglia through purine signaling, fractalkine signaling and p38 MAPK signaling. In addition, it has been proposed that different intensities and types of exercise affect the regulation of the above-mentioned signaling pathways differently, providing a theoretical basis for the improvement of neuropathic pain through exercise.
Investigating the Impact of Co-processed Excipients on the Formulation of Bromhexine Hydrochloride Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODTs)
Authors: Woyna-Orlewicz Krzysztof , Brniak Witold , Tatara Wiktor , Strzebońska Magdalena , Haznar-Garbacz Dorota , Szafraniec-Szczęsny Joanna , Antosik-Rogóż Agata , Wojteczko Kamil , Strózik Mirosław , Kurek Mateusz , Jachowicz Renata , Mendyk Aleksander 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Orodispersible tablets (orally disintegrating tablets, ODTs) have been used in pharmacotherapy for over 20 years since they overcome the problems with swallowing solid dosage forms. The successful formula manufactured by direct compression shall ensure acceptable mechanical strength and short disintegration time. Our research aimed to develop ODTs containing bromhexine hydrochloride suitable for registration in accordance with EMA requirements.

Methods
We examined the performance of five multifunctional co-processed excipients, i.e., F-Melt® C, F-Melt® M, Ludiflash®, Pharmaburst® 500 and Prosolv® ODT G2 as well as self-prepared physical blend of directly compressible excipients. We tested powder flow, true density, compaction characteristics and tableting speed sensitivity.

Results
The manufacturability studies confirmed that all the co-processed excipients are very effective as the ODT formula constituents. We noticed superior properties of both F-Melt’s®, expressed by good mechanical strength of tablets and short disintegration time. Ludiflash® showed excellent performance due to low works of plastic deformation, elastic recovery and ejection. However, the tablets released less than 30% of the drug. Also, the self-prepared blend of excipients was found sufficient for ODT application and successfully transferred to production scale. Outcome of the scale-up trial revealed that the tablets complied with compendial requirements for orodispersible tablets.

Conclusions
We proved that the active ingredient cannot be absorbed in oral cavity and its dissolution profiles in media representing upper part of gastrointestinal tract are similar to marketed immediate release drug product. In our opinion, the developed formula is suitable for registration within the well-established use procedure without necessity of bioequivalence testing.
Heavy metal concentrations in the soil near illegal landfills in the vicinity of agricultural areas—artificial neural network approach
Authors: Štrbac Snežana , Stojić Nataša , Lončar Biljana , Pezo Lato , Ćurčić Ljiljana , Prokić Dunja , Pucarević Mira 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To anticipate the impact of illegal landfills, development of new models should become a part of environmental risk management strategies. One of such approaches includes applications of the artificial neural network (ANN). The main objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of illegal landfilling on the surrounding soil environment and human health, as well as to establish an artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting the hazards of illegal landfilling as an effective tool in decision-making and environmental risk management.

Methods
The identification of heavy metals source in soil was performed by principal component analysis (PCA). To assess the sensitivity of the soil ecosystem to heavy metal concentrations, Soil Quality standards and quantitative indices were used. The possible health effects were valued using the average daily doses (ADDs), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR). ANN modeling was used for the prediction of heavy metal concentrations in the soil based on landfill size, municipality size, the number of residents, plant species, soil, and landform types.

Results
The average values of the pollution indexes for Cd were in the moderately contaminated and very high contamination categories. The $$HQ$$

HQ

values were lower than the safe level. Cr and Pb posed a significant $$CR$$

CR

for adults and children, and Ni for children. The ANN models have exhibited good generalization power and accurately predicted the output parameters with a high value of the coefficient of determination.

Conclusion
Concerning heavy metal concentrations, illegal landfills near agricultural soil have a significant impact on the soil ecosystem and people’s health. The developed ANN models can be applied generally to anticipate the heavy metal concentrations in soil, according to the before mentioned input parameters, with high accuracy.
Einfluss von Faktoren auf die Resilienz und Belastung pflegender Angehöriger (FARBE) – Fragenbogen zur Angehörigenresilienz und -﻿belastung
Authors: Lübben Alena , Peters Lara , Przysucha Mareike , Büscher Andreas 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Demografisch bedingt wird sich die Anzahl pflegebedürftiger Menschen weiter erhöhen. Tragende Säule der pflegerischen Versorgung sind ihre Angehörigen, die den Großteil der Pflegeaufgaben übernehmen. Dies hat jedoch oftmals Auswirkungen auf ihre eigene Gesundheit und ihr Wohlbefinden.

Methodisches Vorgehen
Mit dem Fragebogen zur Angehörigenresilienz und -belastung (FARBE) liegt ein Instrument vor, um sowohl die Resilienz als auch Belastung pflegender Angehöriger zu ermitteln. Der Fragebogen wurde im Rahmen der Pflegestudie des VdK-Sozialverbands genutzt und von 12.475 Angehörigen komplett ausgefüllt. Durch eine multiple lineare Regression wurden Einflüsse und ihre Wirkstärke auf die Resilienz und Belastung analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz, Depression oder hohem Pflegegrad weisen eine stärkere Belastung auf. Demenz und Depression mindern zudem die Resilienz. Positiv wirkt sich die soziale Unterstützung aus. Ebenso bedingt ein höheres Alter eine stärkere Resilienz.

Schlussfolgerungen
Im Ergebnis dieser Arbeit gelang eine Identifikation von relevanten Einflussfaktoren. Dies ermöglicht, Unterstützungs- und Entlastungsangebote auf ihre Anwendung und Wirksamkeit zu überprüfen. Besondere Bedeutung haben Unterstützungsangebote für Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz, Depression und/oder höheren Pflegegraden. Stressreduzierende Maßnahmen und das Bilden sozialer Netzwerke für Angehörige können weitere Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der Resilienz und Abschwächung von Belastung sein.
Financial risk management strategies of small to medium illicit drug enterprises: considering low-level money laundering
Authors: Berry Mark , Salinas Mike , Gundur R. V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe illicit drug trade generates billions of dollars in revenue per year, much of which comes from wholesale and retail sales late in the supply chain. Yet, the methods retailers and low-level wholesalers use to launder this revenue remain poorly understood. Using in-depth interviews with illicit drug entrepreneurs in the United States and the United Kingdom, this article analyses laundering strategies among such market actors. Our findings indicate that a significant proportion of their illicit proceeds are disposed of through relatively small-scale ‘everyday’ cash transactions (< $1,000) that are effectively untraceable. For those generating more substantial revenues, a variety of accessible and uncomplicated laundering strategies are employed, such as reporting such revenues as taxable income, using proxies to launder funds, and using revenues as investment capital within small-scale legal enterprise. Ultimately, we identify uncomplicated, yet largely effective, methods of laundering criminal proceeds amongst our sample of low- to medium-level illicit drug sellers. Though the sums at an individual level are relatively trivial, the ‘mass of minor offences’ of this nature likely accounts for a significant share of laundered drug revenues in Western consumer drug markets.
Merit first, need and equality second: hierarchies of justice
Authors: Siemoneit Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe question of “Justice” still divides social research, moral philosophy, and public discourse. Three principles of distributive justice (allocation rules) occupy center stage in the debate: merit (equity, proportionality), need, and equality. Yet their relation remains diffuse, and current theory does not inform political practice. Here, we aim to develop a coherent picture with an interdisciplinary analysis. From an evolutionary point of view, the foundational principle of justice is reciprocity in social exchange (what corresponds to merit). But besides being just, justice must be effective, efficient, and communicable, thereby making justice rather a social bargain and an optimization problem. Social-psychological insights (intuitions, rules of thumb, self-bindings) can inform us when and why the two allocation principles need and equality are more likely to succeed than merit would. But both are governed by reciprocal considerations, and self-bindings help to interpret altruism as “very generalized reciprocity.” Regarding politics, the reciprocal social norm Meritocratic Principle can be implemented, and its controversy avoided, by concentrating on “non-merit,” i.e., institutionally draining the wellsprings of undeserved incomes (economic rents). Avoiding or taxing away economic rents is an effective implementation of justice in market economies.