bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Board characteristics and firm resilience: Evidence from disruptive events
Authors: Croci Ettore , Hertig Gerard , Khoja Layla , Lan Luh Luh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch Question/IssueWe study the contribution of board characteristics such as independence, size, busyness, and CEO duality, to firm resilience at times of firm‐specific crises.Research Findings/InsightsBased on manually collected US data, we document that board‐related variables affect the short‐term market reactions around disruptive events. Board independence exacerbates the negative share price effect, whereas the converse is true for director busyness and board size. However, the negative impact of board independence is attenuated in complex firms. We do not find that CEO duality affects market reactions. By contrast, in the long run, we do not observe stable and significant relationships between board‐related variables and firm performance with the exception of a negative impact of board independence.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur paper contributes to different strands of the literature. First, it contributes to the literature on the effects of board characteristics by showing how they affect stock price reactions at the time of firm‐specific crises. Second, our results on board attributes provide a new take on the two monitoring and advisory functions of the board. Third, we add to the literature that measures the value of directors. More generally, the paper contributes to the literature on the role of corporate governance, and in particular the board of directors, in crises situations.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsWe show that three board‐related attributes affect market reactions at the time of a firm‐specific shock. Board independence exacerbates the negative share price effect of disruptive events, whereas the reverse is true for director busyness and board size. These reactions imply that, in times of crisis, advice‐oriented boards fare better than monitoring‐oriented boards. More specifically, information flows less easily within independent boards. In addition, busy directors and large boards are more talented, respectively more effective in complex situations. However, these results do not hold for industry‐wide shocks.
Post‐hospitalization rehabilitation alleviates long‐term immune repertoire alteration in COVID‐19 convalescent patients
Authors: Feng Bing , Zheng Danwen , Yang Laijun , Su Zuqing , Tang Lipeng , Zhu Ying , Xu Xiaohua , Wang Qian , Lin Qiaoli , Hu Jiajun , Lin Meixuan , Huang Liqun , Zhou Xin , Liu Han , Li Song , Pan Wenjing , Shi Rongdong , Lu Yanjing , Wu Bin , Ding Banghan , Wang Zhe , Guo Jianwen , Zhang Zhongde , Zheng Guangjuan , Liu Yuntao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe global pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is an once‐in‐a‐lifetime public health crisis. Among hundreds of millions of people who have contracted with or are being infected with COVID‐19, the question of whether COVID‐19 infection may cause long‐term health concern, even being completely recovered from the disease clinically, especially immune system damage, needs to be addressed. Here, we performed seven‐chain adaptome immune repertoire analyses on convalescent COVID‐19 patients who have been discharged from hospitals for at least 6 months. Surprisingly, we discovered lymphopenia, reduced number of unique CDR3s, and reduced diversity of the TCR/BCR immune repertoire in convalescent COVID‐19 patients. In addition, the BCR repertoire appears to be activated, which is consistent with the protective antibody titres, but serological experiments reveal significantly lower IL‐4 and IL‐7 levels in convalescent patients compared to those in healthy controls. Finally, in comparison with convalescent patients who did not receive post‐hospitalization rehabilitation, the convalescent patients who received post‐hospitalization rehabilitation had attenuated immune repertoire abnormality, almost back to the level of healthy control, despite no detectable clinic demographic difference. Overall, we report the potential long‐term immunological impairment for COVID‐19 infection, and correction of this impairment via post‐hospitalization rehabilitation may offer a new prospect for COVID‐19 recovery strategy.
Real‐time quaking‐induced conversion assays for prions: Applying a sensitive but imperfect test in clinical practice
Authors: Jones Samuel M. , Lazar Evelyn B. , Porter Amanda L. , Prusinski Christian C. , Brier Matthew R. , Bucelli Robert C. , Day Gregory S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeReal‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC) assays offer a sensitive and specific means for detection of prions, although false negative results are recognized in clinical practice. We profile the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features associated with false negative RT‐QuIC assays and extend these to frame the diagnostic approach to patients with suspected prion disease.MethodsA total of 113 patients with probable or definite prion disease were assessed at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN; Jacksonville, FL; Scottsdale, AZ) or Washington University School of Medicine (Saint Louis, MO) from 2013 to 2021. RT‐QuIC testing for prions was performed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (Cleveland, OH).ResultsInitial RT‐QuIC testing was negative in 13 of 113 patients (sensitivity = 88.5%). RT‐QuIC negative patients were younger (median = 52.0 years vs. 66.1 years, p < 0.001). Other demographic and presenting features, and CSF cell count, protein, and glucose levels were similar in RT‐QuIC negative and positive patients. Frequency of 14‐3‐3 positivity (4/13 vs. 77/94, p < 0.001) and median CSF total tau levels were lower in RT‐QuIC negative patients (2517 vs. 4001 pg/mL, p = 0.020), and time from symptom onset to first presentation (153 vs. 47 days, p = 0.001) and symptomatic duration (710 vs. 148 days, p = 0.001) were longer.ConclusionsRT‐QuIC is a sensitive yet imperfect measure necessitating incorporation of other test results when evaluating patients with suspected prion disease. Patients with negative RT‐QuIC had lower markers of neuronal damage (CSF total tau and protein 14‐3‐3) and longer symptomatic duration of disease, suggesting that false negative RT‐QuIC testing associates with a more indolent course.
Symbolic laws, de facto abolitions and path dependence: When death penalty policies remain stable
Authors: Dudai Ron 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is a growing tendency to perceive the death penalty as always ‘on the move’, often in a teleological trajectory inevitably leading to universal abolition. This article aims to question this tendency, noting that in many cases death penalty policies remain stable, especially in cases of de facto abolition. Such cases are overlooked in the literature, treated as brief interludes towards full abolition, though in fact they can be enduring and serve important symbolic functions. Informed by the historical‐institutional approach, which rejects teleology in favour of path dependence and contingency, the article focuses on the Israeli case, where since 1967 the death penalty remained a lawful option in military courts with jurisdiction over Palestinians, but never applied. I argue that such remarkable stability is not due to inertia, but an unanticipated result of contingent events and processes leading over time to entrenchment of a ‘limbo’ arrangement, which constitute intentional, functional, policy.
The palimpsest of outdoor penal labour in California, 1915–2000
Authors: Goodman Philip , Quinn Kaitlyn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article we examine the curious stability of outdoor penal labour in California in the 20th century against a shifting social and penal field. Analysing state archival data on prison highway and forestry camps between 1915 and 2000, we frame the persistence of these practices as evidence of a penal labour palimpsest. We demonstrate how the agency and interpretive innovation of penal administrators – as the architects and interpreters of this palimpsest – served as a stabilising mechanism akin to, but distinct from, existing theories of path dependence. Zooming out from the intricacies of the historical record, we position this case as revealing some of the limits of strict theories of path dependence and, instead, as offering a more dynamic understanding of the complex, intersecting and malleable ways in which history matters.
Explaining penal momentum: Path dependence, prison population forecasting and the persistence of high incarceration rates in England and Wales
Authors: Guiney Thomas , Yeomans Henry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article seeks to explain the persistence of high incarceration rates in England and Wales. Building upon recent theoretical work on path dependence, we identify prison population forecasting as a poorly understood positive feedback mechanism that helps to determine the overall scale, scope and reach of the prison estate by connecting capital expenditure decisions with ‘business as usual’ planning cycles that assume considerable policy continuity with the past. We illustrate this point with reference to recent controversies over women's imprisonment where the everyday, routinised working practices of the penal system have played an important role in sustaining prison expansionism long after the initial conditions that fuelled the mid‐1990s prison boom have faded. Disrupting these self‐fulfilling logics will not be easy and we conclude this article with a call for a more deliberative democratic politics that confronts penal momentum and invites greater consideration of the many possible futures of penal policy.
A developmental model of sentencing evolution: The emergence of the politics of probation in Chile
Authors: Wilenmann Javier , Gambardella Maite 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article builds a developmental model of probation evolution based on the dynamics generated by its feedback effects, illustrating its claims through a case study of Chile's recent probation politics. The article posits that probation emerges out of the negative infrastructural and political feedback effects of the prison. As probation generalises, it creates its own growing negative political feedback. In time, the field can enter a state that we label the politics of probation, providing for substantial political conflict and fluctuance. The article shows how different actors mediate in the conflict around the politics of probation.
Diabetes mellitus is an independent predictor of obstructive coronary artery disease in patients presenting with atrial fibrillation and elevated troponin
Authors: Fahey James K. , Prosser Hamish , Lescai Prue , Sajeev Jithin K. , Yao Harrison , Roberts Louise , Buntine Paul , Teh Andrew W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAtrial fibrillation can present with symptoms of myocardial infarction and elevated troponin, even in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). We sought to determine the characteristics that predict underlying obstructive CAD. Obstructive CAD was far more likely in those with troponin elevation. In those with elevated troponin, diabetes mellitus was an independent predictor of obstructive CAD.
Pathways to dental fear from childhood to adolescence: A 10‐year cohort study
Authors: Godois Leonardo da Silva , Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Noronha Thaís Gioda , Emmanuelli Bruno , Ardenghi Thiago Machado , Tomazoni Fernanda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDental fear affects children's oral health; there is, however, no evidence regarding the pathways linking possible predictors for its occurrence.AimThis study aimed at exploring the direct and indirect effects of sociodemographic, clinical, behavioural and psychosocial factors on the development of dental fear in schoolchildren over time.DesignThis is a prospective cohort study, with 10 years of follow‐up. The first assessment started in 2010 (T1) with a sample of 639 children aged 1–5 years from Southern Brazil. For this study, the follow‐up (T2) of these individuals was performed in 2020. Dental fear was assessed at T2 using the Brazilian version of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule–Dental Subscale (CFSS–DS). Socio‐economic, demographic, psychosocial and oral health measures were collected in both assessments. A structural equation model was performed to assess the direct and indirect pathways among variables at T1 and T2 to predict the CFSS–DS scores at T2.ResultsOf the 639 children, 429 were re‐evaluated at T2. Higher levels of untreated dental caries, younger individuals, dental visits for nonroutine reasons and low sense of coherence at T2 directly impacted dental fear at T2. Considering the indirect effects, the presence of dental caries and low household income at T1 indirectly impacted higher levels of dental fear over 10 years via dental caries at follow‐up.ConclusionOur findings suggest that socio‐economic, demographic, clinical, psychosocial and behavioural conditions can influence dental fear from childhood to adolescence.
Association between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and respiratory diseases: Consensus report of the Joint Workshop by the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the European arm of the World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA Europe)
Authors: Herrera David , Sanz Mariano , Shapira Lior , Brotons Carlos , Chapple Iain , Frese Thomas , Graziani Filippo , Hobbs F. D. Richard , Huck Olivier , Hummers Eva , Jepsen Søren , Kravtchenko Oleg , Madianos Phoebus , Molina Ana , Ungan Mehmet , Vilaseca Josep , Windak Adam , Vinker Shlomo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the implications for dentists and family doctors of the association between periodontal and systemic diseases and the role of dentists and family doctors in managing non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) and promoting healthy lifestyles.Materials and MethodsThe consensus reports of the previous Focused Workshops on the associations between periodontitis and diabetes (2017) and periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases (2019) formed the technical reviews to underpin discussions on both topics. For the association with respiratory diseases, a systematic review was specifically commissioned for the Workshop discussions. Working groups prepared proposals independently, and then the proposals were discussed and approved at plenary meetings.ResultsPeriodontitis is independently associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive sleep apnea and COVID‐19 complications. Dentists and family doctors should collaborate in managing NCDs, implementing strategies for early detection of periodontitis in primary care centres and of cardiovascular diseases or diabetes in dental settings. Family doctors should be informed about periodontal diseases and their consequences, and oral health professionals (OHPs) should be informed about the relevance of NCDs and the associated risk factors.ConclusionsCloser collaboration between OHPs and family doctors is important in the early detection and management of NCDs and in promoting healthy lifestyles. Pathways for early case detection of periodontitis in family medicine practices and of NCDs in dental practices should be developed and evaluated.
Activation of PGC‐1α‐dependent mitochondrial biogenesis supports therapeutic effects of silibinin against type I diabetic periodontitis
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Ping Yifan , Li Xumin , Mao Yixin , Chen Yang , Shi Lixi , Hong Xinhua , Chen Liang , Chen Shuhong , Cao Zelin , Chen Pan , Song Zhongchen , Wismeijer Daniel , Wu Gang , Ji Yinhui , Huang Shengbin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate whether silibinin impacts diabetic periodontitis (DP) via mitochondrial regulation.Materials and MethodsIn vivo, rats were divided into control, diabetes, DP and DP combined with silibinin groups. Diabetes and periodontitis were induced by streptozocin and silk ligation, respectively. Bone turnover was evaluated by microcomputed tomography, histology and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with or without silibinin. Osteogenic function was analysed by Alizarin Red and alkaline phosphatase staining. Mitochondrial function and biogenesis were investigated by mitochondrial imaging assays and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Activator and lentivirus‐mediated knockdown of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma‐coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC‐1α), a critical regulator of mitochondria biogenesis, was used to explore the mitochondrial mechanisms.ResultsSilibinin attenuated periodontal destruction and mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and PGC‐1α expression in rats with DP. Meanwhile, silibinin promoted cell proliferation, osteogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis and increased the PGC‐1α level in hPDLCs exposed to H2O2. Silibinin also protected PGC‐1α from proteolysis in hPDLCs. Furthermore, both silibinin and activator of PGC‐1α ameliorated cellular injury and mitochondrial abnormalities in hPDLCs, while knockdown of PGC‐1α abolished the beneficial effect of silibinin.ConclusionsSilibinin attenuated DP through the promotion of PGC‐1α‐dependent mitochondrial biogenesis.
National quality standards for neuro rehabilitation in a community setting: Do they achieve their purpose?
Authors: Hodgson Alisa , Jones Jacky , Campbell Heather , Carolan Jodie , Powell John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRationaleThere is known variation in neuro‐rehabilitation service provision, however, the extent of service variation and impact on people who experience an acquired brain injury (ABI) is not articulated in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess and determine the extent to which neuro‐rehabilitation services in one part of the United Kingdom (UK) are meeting national quality standards.MethodA mixed method design, across five community neuro‐rehabilitation providers and six districts in South London, comprised of ABI population incidence data, web‐based surveys to determine compliance with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Head Injury Quality Standard, and focus groups to understand the patient perspective of community neuro‐rehabilitation service provision.ResultsThe population incidence of ABI amongst districts demonstrated differences between the datasets analyzed, resulting in an inability to determine whether service variation was based on population need. The web‐based surveys revealed that five community neuro‐rehabilitation providers have variations between the models of care provided, including clinical referral criteria, duration, intensity of therapy interventions, and overall cost per patient, which was correlated with workforce capacity and patient waiting times. Focus group discussion highlighted current key challenges of service restraints, disconnect between services and limited professional support, as well as improvement opportunities pertaining to access, flexible, local and timely health and social care services.ConclusionThis study indicates that despite the publication of the NICE Head Injury Quality Standard, there is variation in the local provision of community neuro‐rehabilitation across six districts in South London. Each district partly meets the recommendations, highlighting variability in the model of care delivered, that impacts consumers/carers accessing quality neuro‐rehabilitation services. A disconnect remains between evidence‐based quality standards and implementation. No standardized ABI data set is available in the UK, which impacts planning for future clinical service delivery.
Care transitions from the specialty to the primary care setting: A scoping literature review of potential barriers and facilitators with implications for mental health care
Authors: Kim Bo , Benzer Justin K. , Afable Melissa K. , Fletcher Terri L. , Yusuf Zenab , Smith Tracey L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground, Aims and ObjectivesThis scoping review aimed to understand potential barriers and facilitators in transitioning patients from specialty to primary care settings, to inform the implementation of an intervention to promote active consideration of psychiatrically stable patients for transition from the specialty mental health setting back to primary care.MethodsGuided by Levac and colleagues' six‐stage methodological framework for conducting scoping studies, we systematically searched electronic article databases for peer‐reviewed literature from January 2000 to May 2016. We included identified articles that discuss findings related to potential barriers and facilitators in transitioning patients from specialty to primary care settings. We performed descriptive and thematic analyses of results to generate emergent codes and their categorizations.ResultsOur database search yielded 906 unique articles, 23 of which we included in our scoping review. All but one of the included studies were conducted in North America. Identified potential barriers and facilitators spanned eight emergent themes—(i) primary care accessibility, especially in terms of timely availability of appointments, (ii) clarity in respective roles of specialty care and primary care in managing a patient, (iii) timely exchange of information, (iv) transition process management, (v) perceived ability of primary care providers to manage specialty conditions, (vi) perceived ability of patients to self‐manage, (vii) leadership support and (viii) support for implementing initiatives to promote transitions.ConclusionsFindings from this scoping review enable an increased understanding of current practices and considerations regarding care transitions from specialty to primary care settings. The importance of role clarification, shared clinical information systems, confidence in care competency, and adequate organizational support to promote appropriate transitions were themes most widely reported across the reviewed studies. Few studies specifically examined the transition from specialty mental health to primary care. Future studies should account for mental health‐specific symptomatic patterns and recovery trajectories, such as prevalent chronicity and frequency of relapse, in planning and conducting transitions from specialty mental health back to primary care.
Women's Birth Beliefs During Pregnancy and Postpartum in the Netherlands: A Quantitative Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Vogels‐Broeke Maaike , Daemers Darie , Budé Luc , de Vries Raymond , Nieuwenhuijze Marianne 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionWomen and care providers increasingly regard childbirth as a medical process, resulting in high use of medical interventions, which could negatively affect a woman's childbirth experience. Women's birth beliefs may be key to understanding the decisions they make and the acceptance of medical interventions in childbirth. In this study we explore women's beliefs about birth as a natural and medical process and the factors that are associated with women's birth beliefs.MethodsData were obtained from a cross‐sectional survey of women living in the Netherlands asking them about their experiences during pregnancy and childbirth, including their beliefs about birth as a natural and medical process.ResultsA total of 3494 women were included in this study. Mean scores of natural birth beliefs ranged between 3.73 and 4.01 points, and medical birth belief scores ranged between 2.92 and 3.12 points. There were significant but very small changes between prenatal and postnatal birth beliefs. Regression analyses showed that (previous) childbirth experiences were the most consistent predictor of women's birth beliefs.DiscussionWomen's high scores on natural birth beliefs and lower scores on medical birth beliefs correspond with the philosophy of Dutch perinatal care that considers pregnancy and childbirth to be natural processes. Perinatal care providers must be aware of women's birth beliefs and recognize that they as professionals influence women's birth beliefs. They make an important contribution to women's perinatal experiences, which affects both women's natural and medical birth beliefs.