bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Waste Piles in an Urban Environment Using Ground Surveys, Manual Digitization of Drone Imagery, and Object Based Image Classification Approach
Authors: Kalonde Patrick Ken , Mwapasa Taonga , Mthawanji Rosheen , Chidziwitsano Kondwani , Morse Tracy , Torguson Jeffrey S. , Jones Christopher M. , Quilliam Richard S. , Feasey Nick , Henrion Marc , Stanton Michelle C , Blinnikov Mikhail S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There is wide recognition of the threats posed by open dumping of waste in the environment, however, tools to surveil interventions for reducing this practice are poorly developed. This study explores the use of drone imagery for environment surveillance. Drone images of waste piles were captured in a densely populated residential neighborhood in Malawi. Images were processed using the Structure for Motion Technique and partitioned into segments using Orfeo Toolbox. A total of 509 segments were manually labelled to generate data for training and testing a series of classification models. Four supervised classification algorithms (Random Forest, Artificial Neural Network, Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine) were trained, and their performances were assessed in terms of precision, recall and F-1 score. Ground surveys were also conducted to map waste piles using a GPS receiver and determine physical composition of materials on the waste pile surface. Differences were observed between the field survey done by transect walk and drone mapping. Drone mapping identified more waste piles than field surveys and for each waste pile, the spatial extent of waste piles was computed. Predictions from the binary random forest model were the highest performing (Precision: 0.98, Recall: 0.98, and F-score: 0.98). Drone mapping enabled identification of waste piles in areas that cannot be accessed during ground surveys, and further allows the quantification of total land surface area covered by waste piles. Drone imagery-based surveillance of waste piles thus has the potential to guide environmental waste policy and evaluate waste reduction interventions.
WITHDRAWN: Impact of stroma remodeling on forces experienced by cancer cells and stromal cells within pancreatic tumor tissue
Authors: Dabagh Mahsa , Connaughton Morgan , Alonso Andrea 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Remodeling (re-engineering) of a tumor’s stroma can improve the efficacy of antitumor therapies, without destroying the stroma. However, it still remains elusive how the remodeling of stromal components is associated with the penetration of nanoparticles. A major lack of knowledge is felt for discerning which stromal components hinder the reach of nanoparticles deep into cancer cells. In this study, our first objective is to determine how stromal remodeling alters the stress experienced by cancer cells and the stromal cells within pancreatic tumor tissue. Physical stresses exerted on cancer cells by their microenvironment have been shown to drive cells toward invasive phenotype by altering cells’ motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. Our second objective is to identify the remodeling of which stromal component has highest impact on stresses experienced by cancer cells. Our assumption is that the medication applied for stromal remodeling change stiffness of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM). We have developed a three-dimensional model of tumor tissue consisting of cancer cells, stromal cells, and ECM. We have applied this model to investigate the impact of different remodeling degrees on cancer cells and stromal cells by quantifying stresses experienced by these components. Our results how that remodeling induced softening of ECM will significantly increase the magnitude of stresses within tumor tissue. Furthermore, our results reveal that the remodeling induced softening of ECM has higher impact on smaller tumors while softening of stromal cells show its significant influence on larger tumors. Our study provides unique knowledge on the characteristic factors for remodeling of tumor microenvironment’s components with an ultimate goal of leveraging this knowledge to overcome a tumor’s resistance against the penetration of nanoparticles on a per-patient basis. Without the distinct identification of the tumor microenvironment’ role in the resistance of tumor stroma to nanoparticles’ penetration, all attempts to improve drug therapies’ success will remain out of reach.
Numerical Simulation of Tunnel Ventilation Considering Air Leakage Mechanism of Air Duct
Authors: Chang Xiaoke , Chai Junrui , Ren Jianxi , Yang Rong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ventilation problems are critical in tunnel engineering, and the loss of air volume in ventilation ducts is generally estimated using empirical methods. The air volume calculation is difficult to meet the accuracy requirements, resulting in resource waste or insufficient air supply. In this study, the forced ventilation system of the tunnel under construction was investigated based on the computational fluid dynamics method. The mechanism of air leakage on air flow distribution and pollutant transport in the tunnel is determined. Air leakage reduces the distribution peak of pollutants and effectively accelerates the emission of harmful gases. However, this effect decreases with distance from the air duct inlet. Through the calculation results of nearly one hundred models, it is found that the air leakage of duct can be fitted by logarithmic function and verified by empirical equation. The matching degree between the fitting function of the model and the empirical equation depends on the length of the tunnel. On the basis, the calculation formula of effective air volume near the working face is derived. This study can be applied to the ventilation engineering of the tunnel under construction, and provide a theoretical basis for the calculation of the effective air supply.
Neighboring macrophage-induced alteration in the phenotype of colorectal cancer cells in the tumor budding area
Authors: Kawamura Ichiro , Ohe Rintaro , Suzuki Kazushi , Kabasawa Takanobu , Kitaoka Takumi , Takahara Daiichiro , Kono Michihisa , Uchiyama Naoya , Musha Hiroaki , Futakuchi Mitsuru , Motoi Fuyuhiko 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
A higher number of tumor buds in the invasive front of colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens has been shown to contribute to a poor prognosis in CRC patients. Because macrophages (Mφs) have been demonstrated to alter the phenotype of cancer cells, we hypothesized that the phenotype of CRC cells in the tumor budding (TB) area might be changed by the interaction between CRC cells and Mφs.
Methods
We assessed the expression of topoisomerase 1 in CRC cells to estimate the acquisition of chemoresistance in CRC. To demonstrate the tumor-stromal interaction between CRC cells and Mφs, we assessed two histological findings, the number of Mφs per single CRC cell and the proximity between CRC cells and Mφs by histological spatial analysis using HALO software.
Results
The expression levels of topoisomerase 1 in CRC cells were decreased in deeper areas, especially in the TB area, compared to the surface area. Our histological spatial analysis revealed that approximately 2.6 Mφs located within 50 µm of a single CRC cell were required to alter the phenotype of the CRC cell. Double-immunofluorescence staining revealed that many CD68+ Mφs were positive for interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the TB area and that AE1/AE3-positive CRC cells in the TB area were positive for phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3); thus, the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)/STAT3 signaling pathway in CRC cells was upregulated by IL-6 derived from neighboring Mφs.
Conclusions
The phenotype of CRC cells in the TB area is altered by neighboring Mφs via the IL-6R/STAT3 signaling pathway.
A model for estimating peak skin dose in CT
Authors: Williams Chris , Biffin Leah , Franich Rick 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A model to estimate the peak skin dose (PSD) delivered to a patient by a computed tomography (CT) scanner has been developed to assist in determining the likelihood of acute radiation injury from a CT examination. This model relates the PSD to the device-reported CT Dose Index (CTDIvol) by accounting for a variety of radiographic technique, scanner, and patient factors. It includes a novel method for estimating dose contributions as a function of patient or phantom size, scanner geometry and physical measurement of lateral and depth-based beam profiles. Physical measurements of PSD using radiochromic film on several phantoms have been used to determine needed model parameters. The resulting fitted model was found to agree with measured data to a standard deviation of 5.1% for the data used to fit the model, and 6.8% for measurements that were not used for fitting the model. Two methods for adapting the model for specific scanners are provided, one based on local PSD measurements with radiochromic film with another using CTDIvol measurements. The model, suitably adapted, may be applied to individual patients for accurate assessment of their PSD which is an accepted indicator of acute radiation injury.
Experimental Study on Dynamic Response Characteristics of Sandstone Specimens with Precast Joint Angles
Authors: Wu Quanlin , Wang Xu , Ma Fuwu , Zhu Jingchuang , Li Yang , Wu Hao , Li Hao , An Yanpei , Wu Quansen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), impact tests were carried out on sandstone specimens with precast joints at different angles, and the dynamic response of specimens at different joint angles was analyzed. The results show that the peak strength of the specimen increases gradually when the precast joint angle increases from 15°to 75°with the central diameter of the specimen as the horizontal axis, and the specimen with 15° joint is more likely to fail than the specimens with other joint angles. With the increase of joint angle, the ratio of reflected energy to incident energy has been decreasing, the ratio of absorbed energy to incident energy has been increasing first and then decreasing, and the ratio of transmitted energy to incident energy has generally been increasing. When the joint angle is 45 °, the specimen has the highest energy density and the specimen has the best absorption of incident energy. With the increase of the joint angle of the specimen, the average fragmentation value of the specimen shows a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, and then increasing. When the angle is 45 °, the fragmentation degree of the specimen after failure is the largest. When the joint angle is 45 °, the sandstone will release more energy when it is destroyed, and it is easier to generate dynamic response.
Syntheses, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Electrical Properties of Important Semiconducting Organic Compound
Authors: Benhaoua Chahrazed , hinane.baleh  , Benbelkacem Fatima Zohra , Maatala Dahbia , ouldhamadouche Nadir , Bassaid Salah , Dehbi Abdelkader 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work proposes the synthesis of new azomethine by the reaction of enaminone with an appropriate aldehyde. The new compound was identified by NMR NMR (1H and13C), and others techniques such as: UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical data shows the synthesized azomethine exhibit low band gaps. (Eg=2.87 eV). Electrical conductivity study indicates that conductivity of product is in the range of ~ 10− 6S/cm. The results obtained in this study are discussed comparatively with those cited in the literature.
Using Socratic seminars in ESL writing classes
Authors: Tillayeva Nilufar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article explores the integration of Socratic seminars in ESL writing classes to enhance students' writing skills. ESL students often struggle with developing clear ideas, logical organization, accuracy, and vocabulary usage. The study investigates the effectiveness of Socratic seminars in fostering critical thinking and collaborative discourse to address these challenges and improve writing abilities. The literature review reveals that Socratic seminars promote critical thinking, engagement, and language acquisition. While concerns about cultural sensitivity and varied language proficiency levels exist, Socratic seminars offer a promising pedagogical approach. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, involving 25 university freshman students with intermediate English proficiency. Interviews identify common writing challenges, and essays are evaluated using rubrics. The findings demonstrate that Socratic seminars positively impact students' ability to integrate details, coherence, and cohesion into their writing. Peer review further enhances accuracy and support, though challenges such as time constraints and class size should be considered. Overall, Socratic seminars contribute to fostering critical thinking, collaborative discourse, and effective communication skills, emphasizing the need for their incorporation in ESL writing classes to empower students in their academic journey.
Distinct transcriptomic signatures define febrile malaria depending on initial infective states, asymptomatic or uninfected
Authors: Kimenyi Kelvin M. , Akinyi Mercy Y. , Mwikali Kioko , Mwangi Shaban , Gichuki Bonface , Omer Elisha , Wambua Juliana , Njunge James , Obiero George , Bejon Philip , Langhorne Jean , Abdi Abdirahman , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Cumulative malaria parasite exposure in endemic regions often results in the acquisition of partial immunity and asymptomatic infections. There is limited information on how host-parasite interactions mediate maintenance of chronic symptomless infections that sustain malaria transmission. Here, we have determined the gene expression profiles of the parasite population and the corresponding host peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 21 children (< 15 years). We compared children who were defined as uninfected, asymptomatic and those with febrile malaria. Children with asymptomatic infections had a parasite transcriptional profile characterized by a bias toward trophozoite stage (~ 12 hours-post invasion) parasites and low parasite levels, while earlier ring stage parasites were characteristic of febrile malaria. The host response of asymptomatic children was characterized by downregulated transcription of genes associated with inflammatory responses, compared with children with febrile malaria, which may lead to less cytoadherence of more mature parasite stages. Interestingly, the host responses during febrile infections that followed an asymptomatic infection featured stronger inflammatory responses, whereas the febrile host responses from previously uninfected children featured increased humoral immune responses. The priming effect of prior asymptomatic infection may explain the blunted acquisition of antibody responses seen to malaria antigens following natural exposure or vaccination in malaria endemic areas.
A digital water strategy based on the digital water service concept to support asset management in a real system
Authors: Laucelli Daniele Biagio , Enriquez Laura Vanessa , Ariza Andres David , Ciliberti Francesco Gino , Berardi Luigi , Giustolisi Orazio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Digital transformation currently represents a clear opportunity for innovation in better management and planning of water distribution networks. Coupled with the increased investments in assets and the growing need of safe and high-quality water for the public, new opportunities are opening for digital tools that can help operators, consultant companies and researchers to support asset management tasks. This work presents the applications of a comprehensive digital water strategy on two real case studies with information provided by the Italian water company Acquedotto Pugliese. The proposed digital water strategy is based on the paradigm named digital water services. The strategy starts by improving the value of GIS and existing models' data. Then, advanced hydraulic modelling and topological analyses, using the complex network theory, along with artificial intelligence methodologies are the basis for the development of digital water services, which are the engineering apps that use the network digital twin to support the different stages of asset management, i.e., digital water strategy.
Community intervention trial for estimating risk of acute gastrointestinal illness from groundwater-supplied non-disinfected drinking water
Authors: Borchardt Mark A. , Kieke Burney A. , Spencer Susan K. , Lambertini Elisabetta , Burch Tucker R. , Loge Frank J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBy community intervention in 14 non-disinfecting municipal water systems, we quantified sporadic acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) attributable to groundwater. Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection was installed on all supply wells of intervention communities. In control communities, residents continued to drink non-disinfected groundwater. Intervention and control communities switched treatments by moving UV disinfection units at the study midpoint (crossover design). Study participants (n = 1,659) completed weekly health diaries during four 12-week surveillance periods. Water supply wells were analyzed monthly for enteric pathogenic viruses. Using the crossover design, groundwater-borne AGI was not observed. However, virus types and quantity in supply wells changed through the study, suggesting that exposure was not constant. Alternatively, we compared AGI incidence between intervention and control communities within the same surveillance period. During Period 1, norovirus contaminated wells and AGI attributable risk from well water was 19% (95% CI, −4%, 36%) for children &lt;5 years and 15% (95% CI, −9%, 33%) for adults. During Period 3, echovirus 11 contaminated wells and UV disinfection slightly reduced AGI in adults. Estimates of AGI attributable risks from drinking non-disinfected groundwater were highly variable, but appeared greatest during times when supply wells were contaminated with specific AGI-etiologic viruses.
Application of Feature Definition and Quantification in Biological
Sequence Analysis
Authors: Chen Weiyang , Li Weiwei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Biological sequence analysis is the most fundamental work in bioinformatics. Many research
methods have been developed in the development of biological sequence analysis. These methods
include sequence alignment-based methods and alignment-free methods. In addition, there are also
some sequence analysis methods based on the feature definition and quantification of the sequence itself.
This editorial introduces the methods of biological sequence analysis and explores the significance
of defining features and quantitative research of biological sequences.
CAD System Design for Two-class Brain Tumor Classification using
Transfer Learning
Authors: Bhardawaj Falguni , Jain Shruti 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The occurrence of brain tumors is rapidly increasing, mostly in the younger
generation. Tumors can directly destroy all healthy brain cells and spread rapidly to other parts.
However, tumor detection and removal still pose a challenge in the field of biomedicine. Early detection
and treatment of brain tumors are vital as otherwise can prove to be fatal.

Objective:
This paper presents the Computer Aided Diagnostic (CAD) system design for two classification
of brain tumors employing the transfer learning technique. The model is validated using machine
learning techniques and other datasets.

Methods:
Different pre-processing and segmentation techniques were applied to the online dataset. A
two-class classification CAD system was designed using pre-trained models namely VGG16,
VGG19, Resnet 50, and Inception V3. Later GLDS, GLCM, and hybrid features were extracted
which were classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), and Probabilistic
Neural Network (PNN) techniques

Results:
The overall classification accuracy using Inception V3 is observed as 83%. 85% accuracy
was obtained using hybrid GLCM and GLDS features using the SVM algorithm. The model has been
validated on the BraTs dataset which results in 84.5% and 82% accuracy using GLCM + GLDS +
SVM and Inception V3 technique respectively.

Conclusion:
2.9% accuracy improvement was attained while considering GLCM + GLDS + SVM
over kNN and PNN. 0.5% and 1.2% accuracy improvement were attained for CAD system design
based on GLCM + GLDS + SVM and Inception v3 model respectively.
Traditional Medicinal Plants in Cancer Therapy and Chemoprevention:
A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies
Authors: Sidhic Jameema , George Satheesh , Narayanankutty Arunaksharan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Cancer has become a significant public health concern in the past few decades, and it is
now the world's second cause of death. Although there are various types of cancer treatments, such
as chemotherapy, immune therapy, radiation, hormone therapy, gene editing, etc., they all have
adverse reactions and significant failings. Plant and dietary mixtures have been utilized to treat
malignant growth over the entire course of time. These mixtures likewise might be helpful in anticipation
of malignant growth. Chemoprevention is cancer prevention that makes use of plant phytochemicals
and synthetic substances. Because of their reduced toxicity and inexpensive cost, phytoconstituents
are gaining much interest in chemoprevention effectiveness. As a result, the chemopreventive
power of naturally occurring phytochemicals is of great interest. Populace studies propose
that a decreased gamble of malignant growth is related to the maximum usage of vegetables and
natural products. This review summarised the latest research on plants and their chemicals targeting
various malignancies and their mechanisms of cancer suppression by modulating multiple signaling
pathways. It provides a small outline of green synthesized nanoparticles, an emerging area to combat
cancer.