bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA001: Ending cancer as we know it – for all
Authors: Lowy Douglas R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Despite decades of remarkable progress in cancer research, the unfortunate truth is that the benefits of research have not reached all populations equitably. Without adequate representation, especially in therapeutic trials, cancer disparities are likely to increase as racial and ethnic populations, in particular, may not be able to fully benefit from cutting-edge treatments and the promises of precision medicine. In order to end cancer as we know it, it is essential that we advance health equity and ensure that cancer research benefits everyone affected by cancer. This requires more research to understand why disparities persist and how to properly address them, and significant efforts to overcome the structural barriers that have long stood in the way. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has long been a leader in advancing health equity in cancer research. NCI has a rich and large health disparities portfolio, which includes the work of its Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities, a substantial portion of its translational research portfolio and decades of training to empower researchers from diverse populations. In recent years, NCI has expanded its efforts and launched new programs to specifically address diversity, equity and inclusion in cancer research and build a cancer research workforce that reflects the diversity of the communities it serves and produces the best science. The Cancer Moonshot, launched in 2016, has accelerated scientific discovery in cancer, fostered greater collaboration, and improved the sharing of data. In the next phase of the Moonshot, NCI is leveraging the success of the initial Moonshot to further catalyze research progress, with the aim to benefit all patients equitably.
Citation Format: Douglas R. Lowy. Ending cancer as we know it – for all [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA001.
Abstract IA015: The Alaska Native Tumor Registry: Fifty years of cancer surveillance data for Alaska Native people
Authors: Roik Elena 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death among Alaska Native (AN) people. Indigenous people throughout the Circumpolar North experience different patterns of cancer incidence and mortality. The Alaska Native Tumor Registry (ANTR) was established for cancer surveillance among Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) people living in Alaska, with data available going back to 1969. Every 5 years, the ANTR releases a comprehensive report on cancer among AN people; latest study provides 50 years of cancer surveillance data. Methods: Cancer data were collected by the ANTR a population-based central cancer registry that records information on AN people. The ANTR has been collecting cancer information according to NCI SEER Program standards since 1969, and has been a full member of the SEER Program since 1999. Five-year annual-average age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated for time-periods ranging 1969–2018. AN data was compared with data for US whites (SEER 9). Mortality rates were calculated for 1994–2018 using data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Results: An estimated 144,274 Alaska Native/American Indian people resided in Alaska in 2015, comprising 19.5% of the Alaskan population. During 2014–2018, there were 2,401 cases of invasive cancer among AN people. The most commonly diagnosed cancers were colorectal (405 cases, 17% of all cancers), lung (373 cases, 16 cancers), and female breast (340 cases, 14% of all cancers). The majority of cancers (40%) were diagnosed at local stage, with 24% diagnosed at regional stage, and 30% at distant stage. However, the pattern varied by cancer site. Among colorectal cancers, just over one third were diagnosed at local and regional stages each, with one quarter diagnosed at distant stage. Over half of lung cancers were diagnosed at distant stage. Among the leading cancers, lung cancer mortality was 1.3 times higher among AN people, and colorectal cancer 2.8 times higher among AN people. Female breast cancer mortality rates were not significantly different between AN people and US White population. Conclusion: Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death, followed by colorectal and female breast cancers. These leading cancers are screenable, and preventable through lifestyle modifications. These data provide important information to support cancer prevention and control among AN people. Cancer surveillance has been a valuable tool throughout the Circumpolar North to support reducing the burden of cancer among Indigenous populations.
Citation Format: Elena Roik. The Alaska Native Tumor Registry: Fifty years of cancer surveillance data for Alaska Native people [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA015.
Covalent Rescue of Mutant p53
Authors: Lane David P. , Verma Chandra S. 
Published: January 2023

Summary:
p53 mutant proteins are widely expressed in human cancer. In this issue, Guiley and Shokat describe the development of compounds that rescue the function of the Y220C mutant p53 protein by forming covalent complexes with the target protein.
See related article by Guiley and Shokat, p. 56 (3).
Few-shot Named Entity Recognition with Joint Token and Sentence Awareness
Authors: Wen Wen , Liu Yongbin , Lin Qiang , Ouyang Chunping 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Few-shot learning has been proposed and rapidly emerging as a viable means for completing various tasks. Recently, few-shot models have been used for Named Entity Recognition (NER). Prototypical network shows high efficiency on few-shot NER. However, existing prototypical methods only consider the similarity of tokens in query sets and support sets and ignore the semantic similarity among the sentences which contain these entities. We present a novel model, Few-shot Named Entity Recognition with Joint Token and Sentence Awareness (JTSA), to address the issue. The sentence awareness is introduced to probe the semantic similarity among the sentences. The Token awareness is used to explore the similarity of the tokens. To further improve the robustness and results of the model, we adopt the joint learning scheme on the few-shot NER. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art models on two standard Few-shot NER datasets.
Validation of the Charlotte large artery occlusion endovascular therapy outcome score using Viz.ai-derived cerebral blood volume index
Authors: Karamchandani Rahul R , Yang Hongmei , Rhoten Jeremy B , Strong Dale , Satyanarayana Sagar , Asimos Andrew W 
Published: January 2023

Background The Charlotte large artery occlusion endovascular therapy outcome score (CLEOS) predicts poor 90-day outcomes for patients presenting with internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions. It incorporates RAPID-derived cerebral blood volume (CBV) index, a marker of collateral circulation. We validated the predictive ability of CLEOS with Viz.ai-processed computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging. Methods The original CLEOS derivation cohort was compared to a validation cohort consisting of all ICA and MCA thrombectomy patients treated at a large health system with Viz.ai-processed CTP. Rates of poor 90-day outcome (mRS 4–6) were compared in the derivation and validation cohorts, stratified by CLEOS. CLEOS was compared to previously described prediction models using area under the curve (AUC) analyses. Calibration of CLEOS was performed to compare predicted risk of poor outcomes with observed outcomes. Results One-hundred eighty-one patients (mean age 66.4 years, median NIHSS 16) in the validation cohort were included. The validation cohort had higher median CTP core volumes (24 vs 8 ml) and smaller median mismatch volumes (81 vs 101 ml) than the derivation cohort. CLEOS-predicted poor outcomes strongly correlated with observed outcomes ( R2 = 0.82). AUC for CLEOS in the validation cohort (0.72, 95% CI 0.64–0.80) was similar to the derivation cohort (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.70–0.80) and was comparable or superior to previously described prognostic models. Conclusions CLEOS can predict risk of poor 90-day outcomes in ICA and MCA thrombectomy patients evaluated with pre-intervention, Viz.ai-processed CTP.
Association of TIM-3 checkpoint receptor expression on T cells with treatment-free remission in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Irani Yazad D. , Kok Chung H. , Clarson Jade , Shanmuganathan Naranie , Branford Susan , Yeung David T. , Ross David M. , Hughes Timothy P. , Yong Agnes S. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Dysregulation of immune-checkpoint receptors has been reported at diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), however, their role in the maintenance of remission after tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) cessation is unclear. We assessed programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), T-cell immunoglobulin, and mucin-domain containing protein-3 (TIM-3), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein-4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3), and T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domains (TIGIT) expression on T-cell subsets, regulatory T cells (T-regs), and natural killer (NK) cells at the time of TKI cessation in 44 patients (22 patients sustained treatment-free remission [TFR] and 22 experienced molecular relapse [MolR]). We confirmed our previous finding that absolute numbers of T-regs are increased in patients who experienced MolR compared with those who sustained TFR. The immune-checkpoint receptors PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, and TIGIT on T or NK cells were not differentially expressed between the MolR and TFR groups. However, TIM-3 was consistently upregulated on bulk T cells (CD3+) and T-cell subsets including, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and T-regs, in patients who relapsed in comparison with those who maintained TFR after discontinuation. Furthermore, gene expression analysis from publicly available data sets showed increased TIM-3 expression on CML stem cells compared with normal hematopoietic stem cells. These findings suggest that among the targetable immune-checkpoint molecules, TIM-3 blockade may potentially improve effector immune response in patients with CML stopping TKI, while concomitantly targeting leukemic stem cells and could be a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing relapse after cessation of TKI in patients with CML.
Comparison of patient preferences and responsiveness among common patient-reported outcome measures for hand/wrist injuries or disorders
Authors: Chanthana Phongniwath , Atthakomol Pichitchai , Manosroi Worapaka , Wongpakaran Tinakon , Kraisarin Jirachart , Sananpanich Kanit 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were developed to examine patients’ perceptions of functional health. Most studies compare the responsiveness of each type of questionnaire. However, reports of patient preferences among PROMs commonly used with patients with hand/wrist injuries or disorders are limited. This study aimed to compare patient preferences, factors associated with those preferences and responsiveness among the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ), Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) and EQ-5D in patients with hand/wrist injuries or disorders.

Material and methods
This retrospective cohort study collected data on 183 patients with hand/wrist injuries or diseases who had visited a hand/wrist outpatient clinic or were hospitalized for surgery between 2017 and 2020. Patients had to be at least 18 years old and able to complete the four questionnaires included in the study. The four PROMs (DASH, MHQ, PRWHE and EQ-5D) were administered to the patients prior to treatment. After completing the questionnaires, patients were asked to answer two open-ended questions regarding their preferences. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors related to patient preferences. Results are presented as the relative risk ratio (RRR). The standardized response mean (SRM) was used to evaluate questionnaire responsiveness.

Results
Of the 183 patients, most preferred the PRWHE questionnaire (n = 74, 41%), with the main reasons cited being “specific to injuries/diseases and reflects hand/wrist function (n = 23, 31%)” and “easy to complete (n = 22, 30%).” Sex was found to be associated with patient preference after adjusting for demographic data and reasons for choosing a PROM as confounders (RRR = 0.46, P value = 0.049). The PRWHE had the highest SRM, followed by DASH (0.92 and 0.88, respectively).

Conclusions
The PRWHE is the most preferred by patients and is the most responsive questionnaire. It is recommended for use in clinical practice in situations where a clinician would like to use only one PROM for evaluating patients with various types of hand/wrist problems.
Level of evidence: Prognostic III.
A pseudo-value regression approach for differential network analysis of co-expression data
Authors: Ahn Seungjun , Grimes Tyler , Datta Somnath 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background

The differential network (DN) analysis identifies changes in measures of association among genes under two or more experimental conditions. In this article, we introduce a pseudo-value regression approach for network analysis (PRANA). This is a novel method of differential network analysis that also adjusts for additional clinical covariates. We start from mutual information criteria, followed by pseudo-value calculations, which are then entered into a robust regression model.

Results

This article assesses the model performances of PRANA in a multivariable setting, followed by a comparison to dnapath and DINGO in both univariable and multivariable settings through variety of simulations. Performance in terms of precision, recall, and F1 score of differentially connected (DC) genes is assessed. By and large, PRANA outperformed dnapath and DINGO, neither of which is equipped to adjust for available covariates such as patient-age. Lastly, we employ PRANA in a real data application from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify DC genes that are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to demonstrate its utility.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt of utilizing a regression modeling for DN analysis by collective gene expression levels between two or more groups with the inclusion of additional clinical covariates. By and large, adjusting for available covariates improves accuracy of a DN analysis.
Comparative network analysis reveals the dynamics of organic acid diversity during fruit ripening in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch)
Authors: Jiang Xiaohan , Liu Kangchen , Peng Huixiang , Fang Jing , Zhang Aidi , Han Yuepeng , Zhang Xiujun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundOrganic acids are important components that determine the fruit flavor of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch). However, the dynamics of organic acid diversity during fruit ripening and the key genes that modulate the organic acids metabolism remain largely unknown in this kind of fruit tree which yield ranks sixth in the world.ResultsIn this study, we used 3D transcriptome data containing three dimensions of information, namely time, phenotype and gene expression, from 5 different varieties of peach to construct gene co-expression networks throughout fruit ripening of peach. With the network inferred, the time-ordered network comparative analysis was performed to select high-acid specific gene co-expression network and then clarify the regulatory factors controlling organic acid accumulation. As a result, network modules related to organic acid synthesis and metabolism under high-acid and low-acid comparison conditions were identified for our following research. In addition, we obtained 20 candidate genes as regulatory factors related to organic acid metabolism in peach.ConclusionsThe study provides new insights into the dynamics of organic acid accumulation during fruit ripening, complements the results of classical co-expression network analysis and establishes a foundation for key genes discovery from time-series multiple species transcriptome data.
Real-world evidence of switching P2Y12 receptor–inhibiting therapies to prasugrel after PCI in patients with ACS: results from EFF-K registry
Authors: Kang Jeehoon , Han Jung-Kyu , Yang Han-Mo , Park Kyung Woo , Kang Hyun-Jae , Koo Bon-Kwon , Choo Eun Ho , Lee Jong-Young , Park Sang-Don , Lim Young-Hyo , Kim Hyung-Min , Heo Ji-Hyun , Kim Hyo-Soo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Potent P2Y12 inhibitors are recommended for up to 12 months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the prescription pattern is diverse in real world practice, which includes various switching between antiplatelet regimens. In this study, we analyzed the prescription patterns of prasugrel, and assessed the safety and effectiveness of P2Y12 inhibitors switching patterns in a real world registry of patients subjected to PCI after ACS.

Methods
The EFF-K study included 3077 ACS patients receiving prasugrel-based dual antiplatelet therapy. The cohort was divided into those who were administered with prasugrel as the primary antiplatelet treatment (naïve cohort) or as a substitute agent after clopidogrel or ticagrelor pre-treatment (switch cohort). The primary endpoint was a net adverse clinical event (NACE; a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or TIMI major bleeding unrelated to coronary-artery bypass grafting).

Results
A total of 3077 patients diagnosed with ACS were included in the analysis. Among the total population, 726 patients (23.6%) were classed as the naïve cohort and 2351 patients (76.4%) as the switch cohort. Baseline characteristics showed that the switch cohort had more comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure and previous PCI. The major cause of switching to prasugrel in the switch cohort was the necessity for a more potent antiplatelet agent (56.3%). During a 12-month follow-up period, 51 patients (1.7%) experienced at least one NACE. The incidence of NACE did not differ between the naïve and switch cohort (1.5% vs. 1.7%, Hazard ratio 1.17, 95% Confidence interval 0.56–2.43, P = 0.677). In subgroup analysis, no significant interaction was observed between the treatment strategy and the incidence of NACE across various subgroups.

Conclusions
Dual antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel seems to be safe and effective both as a primary treatment and as a substitute for other P2Y12 inhibitors in a real world registry of Asian ACS patients receiving PCI.
Trial registration: KCT0002356, registered June 13, 2017.
Association of inflammation indices with left atrial thrombus in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhou You , Song Xuewen , Ma Jifang , Wang Xianqing , Fu Haixia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Inflammation has been implicated in the progressive exacerbation of valvular atrial fibrillation (VAF) and thrombogenesis. This study aimed to analyze the association of systemic inflammation as measured by six indices with left atrial thrombus (LAT) in patients with VAF.

Methods
This comparative cross-sectional analytical study included 434 patients with VAF. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the predictive value of LAT using six inflammation indices: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), white blood cell-to-mean platelet volume ratio, neutrophil-to-mean platelet volume ratio, systemic immune inflammation index, and systemic inflammation response index. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted, and the area under these curves (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the discriminative ability of the indices.

Results
Transesophageal echocardiography revealed LAT in 143 (32.9%) patients. All six indices reflected a positive correlation with C-reactive protein levels. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that these indices were independent predictors of LAT, and MLR appeared to perform best (odds ratio 12.006 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.404–42.347]; P < 0.001; AUC 0.639 [95% CI 0.583–0.694]; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Selected inflammatory indices were significantly and independently associated with LAT among patients with VAF.
Heart Failure-Smart Life: a randomized controlled trial of a mobile app for self-management in patients with heart failure
Authors: Choi Eui-Young , Park Jin-Sun , Min Deulle , Ahn Soohyun , Ahn Jeong-Ah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
It is an important strategy for healthcare providers to support heart failure patients with comprehensive aspects of self-management. A practical alternative to a comprehensive and user-friendly self-management program for heart failure patients is needed. This study aimed to develop a mobile self-management app program for patients with heart failure and to identify the impact of the program.

Methods
We developed a mobile app, called Heart Failure-Smart Life. The app was to provide educational materials using a daily health check-up diary, Q & A, and 1:1 chat, considering individual users’ convenience. An experimental study was employed using a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of the program in patients with heart failure from July 2018 to June 2019. The experimental group (n = 36) participated in using the mobile app that provided feedback on their self-management and allowed monitoring of their daily health status by cardiac nurses for 3 months, and the control group (n = 38) continued to undergo their usual care. The differences in the physical, psychosocial, and behavioral factors between the two groups over time were analyzed using the analysis of covariance.

Results
After 3 months of intervention, significant differences between experimental and control groups were shown in the New York Heart Association functional class (p = 0.003) and cardiac diastolic function (p = 0.024). The improvements over time in the experimental group tended to be higher than those in the control group in considered variables. However, no changes in psychosocial and behavioral variables were observed between the groups over time.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that the mobile app program may provide benefits to its users, specifically improvements of symptom and cardiac diastolic function in patients with heart failure. Healthcare providers can effectively and practically guide and support patients with heart failure using comprehensive and convenient self-management tools such as smartphone apps.