bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Cognitive Wireless Network Optimization Model and Network Parameter Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Tao 
Published: January 2023

In recent years, the combination of cognitive radio and collaborative communication has been widely studied and applied because of its ability to increase user throughput and improve spectrum utilization in a flat-fading wireless channel environment. Such cognitive radio networks that use user collaboration to improve channel capacity and spectrum utilization are called collaborative cognitive radio networks. A Nash equilibrium game-based relay node selection algorithm is investigated, which aims to maximize the utility function of primary and cognitive users. Secondly, a Stackelberg game is introduced, which aims to select the better set of nodes to achieve spectrum sharing. Simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in the study maximizes the utility functions of both primary and cognitive users and enables the selection of a better set of nodes for spectrum sharing. Specifically, the Nash equilibrium game-based relay node selection algorithm at

c

= 0.3

∗

10−6 results in better utility values for both PU and CU, and the algorithm enables more CU to access the spectrum so that users can get longer access time. The relay node selection algorithm based on the Stackelberg game demonstrates high feasibility. Under the condition of parameter

α
=

α

∗

, the algorithm can achieve high-quality cooperation, and CU in better positions can be used as relay cooperation nodes. The algorithm can improve the main user utility function by 20%–35%.
Are Color Experiences the Same across the Visual Field?
Authors: Zeleznikow-Johnston Ariel , Aizawa Yasunori , Yamada Makiko , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
It seems obvious to laypeople that neurotypical humans experience color equivalently across their entire visual field. To some neuroscientists, psychologists, and philosophers, though, this claim has been met with skepticism, as neurophysiological evidence indicates the mechanisms that support color perception degrade with eccentricity. However, the argument that this entails altered color experience in peripheral vision is not universally accepted. Here, we address whether color experience is essentially equivalent between central and peripheral vision. To assess this, we will obtain similarity relationships between color experiences across the visual field using both online and laboratory-based far-field displays, while removing the confounds of saccades, memory, and expectation about color experiences. Our experiment was designed to provide clear evidence that would favor either unchanged or altered color experience relationships in the periphery. Our results are consistent with lay people's phenomenological reports: Color experiences, as probed by similarity relationships in central vision and the far field (60°), are equivalent when elicited by large stimuli. These findings challenge the widespread view in philosophy and cognitive science that peripheral color experiences are illusory, and are discussed in the context of their related neurophysiological, psychophysical, and philosophical literature.
The Privileged Status of Peer Faces: Subordinate-level Neural Representations of Faces in Emerging Adults
Authors: Dai Junqiang , Scherf K. Suzanne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Faces can be represented at a variety of different subordinate levels (e.g., race) that can become “privileged” for visual recognition in perceivers and is reflected as patterns of biases (e.g., own-race bias). The mechanisms encoding privileged status are likely varied, making it difficult to predict how neural systems represent subordinate-level biases in face processing. Here, we investigate the neural basis of subordinate-level representations of human faces in the ventral visual pathway, by leveraging recent behavioral findings indicating the privileged nature of peer faces in identity recognition for adolescents and emerging adults (i.e., ages 18–25 years). We tested 166 emerging adults in a face recognition paradigm and a subset of 31 of these participants in two fMRI task paradigms. We showed that emerging adults exhibit a peer bias in face recognition behavior, which indicates a privileged status for a subordinate-level category of faces that is not predicted based on experience alone. This privileged status of peer faces is supported by multiple neural mechanisms within the ventral visual pathway, including enhanced neural magnitude and neural size in the neural size in the fusiform area (FFA1), which is a critical part of the face-processing network that fundamentally supports the representations of subordinate-level categories of faces. These findings demonstrate organizational principles that the human ventral visual pathway uses to privilege relevant social information in face representations, which is essential for navigating human social interactions. It will be important to understand whether similar mechanisms support representations of other subordinate-level categories like race and gender.
Expanding connectomics to the laminar level: A perspective
Authors: Shamir Ittai , Assaf Yaniv 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Despite great progress in uncovering the complex connectivity patterns of the human brain over the last two decades, the field of connectomics still experiences a bias in its viewpoint of the cerebral cortex. Due to a lack of information regarding exact end points of fiber tracts inside cortical gray matter, the cortex is commonly reduced to a single homogenous unit. Concurrently, substantial developments have been made over the past decade in the use of relaxometry and particularly inversion recovery imaging for exploring the laminar microstructure of cortical gray matter. In recent years, these developments have culminated in an automated framework for cortical laminar composition analysis and visualization, followed by studies of cortical dyslamination in epilepsy patients and age-related differences in laminar composition in healthy subjects. This perspective summarizes the developments and remaining challenges of multi-T1 weighted imaging of cortical laminar substructure, the current limitations in structural connectomics, and the recent progress in integrating these fields into a new model-based subfield termed ‘laminar connectomics’. In the coming years, we predict an increased use of similar generalizable, data-driven models in connectomics with the purpose of integrating multimodal MRI datasets and providing a more nuanced and detailed characterization of brain connectivity.
Weighted Verification Tools to Evaluate Univariate and Multivariate Probabilistic Forecasts for High-Impact Weather Events
Authors: Allen Sam , Bhend Jonas , Martius Olivia , Ziegel Johanna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To mitigate the impacts associated with adverse weather conditions, meteorological services issue weather warnings to the general public. These warnings rely heavily on forecasts issued by underlying prediction systems. When deciding which prediction system(s) to utilize when constructing warnings, it is important to compare systems in their ability to forecast the occurrence and severity of high-impact weather events. However, evaluating forecasts for particular outcomes is known to be a challenging task. This is exacerbated further by the fact that high-impact weather often manifests as a result of several confounding features, a realization that has led to considerable research on so-called compound weather events. Both univariate and multivariate methods are therefore required to evaluate forecasts for high-impact weather. In this paper, we discuss weighted verification tools, which allow particular outcomes to be emphasized during forecast evaluation. We review and compare different approaches to construct weighted scoring rules, both in a univariate and multivariate setting, and we leverage existing results on weighted scores to introduce conditional probability integral transform (PIT) histograms, allowing forecast calibration to be assessed conditionally on particular outcomes having occurred. To illustrate the practical benefit afforded by these weighted verification tools, they are employed in a case study to evaluate probabilistic forecasts for extreme heat events issued by the Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss).
Superior and Anterior Glenoid Labral Tears Are Associated With Increased Neurofilament Concentration
Authors: Murphy Geoffrey T. , Beretov Julia , Marvi Salman , Lam Patrick H. , Murrell George A.C. 
Published: January 2023

Background: Pain is a common presentation after glenohumeral labral injuries. However, the source of that pain is undetermined. Purpose/Hypothesis: We aimed to determine if there is a differential expression of nerve fibers around the glenoid labrum and if torn labra have increased neuronal expression compared with untorn labra (rotator cuff repair labra). We hypothesized that the superior labrum would have a higher concentration of neurofilament than would the rest of the labrum and that the concentration of neurofilament would increase at the site of a labral tear. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Seven labra were sampled at the 3-, 5-, 9-, and 12-o’clock positions during total shoulder arthroplasty. Samples were also collected at the 3-, 5-, and 12-o’clock positions during rotator cuff repair (16 labra), anterior labral repair (6 labra), type II superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) repair (4 labra), and capsular release for idiopathic capsulitis (5 labra). Sections were immunostained with antibodies to neurofilament, a specific neuronal marker that is used to identify central and peripheral nerve fibers, and the concentration and intensity of immunostained-positive cells assessed. Results: The concentration of neurofilament staining was similar in the superior, anterior, posterior, and inferior glenoid labrum in untorn labra (8 neurofilament expressing cells per square millimeter; P = .3). Torn labra exhibited a 3- to 4-fold increase in neuronal expression, which was isolated to the location of the tear in SLAP ( P = .09) and anterior labral tears ( P = .02). The concentration of neurofilament expressing cells in torn glenoid labrum samples was comparable that in with the glenoid labrum of adhesive capsulitis samples ( P = .7). Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that after a tear of the anterior or superior labrum the labrum in that region becomes populated with new nerves fibers and that these fibers may be responsible for the pain noted by patients with superior (SLAP) and/or anterior labral (Bankart) tears. Clinical Relevance: This study suggests that neural infiltration contributes to the pain experienced by patients with labral tears. It may help with patient education and direct future management of labral lesions.
Association between recent methamphetamine use, antiretroviral therapy and HIV viral load; a mediation analysis from a cohort of HIV positive persons who inject drugs in Hai Phong, Vietnam
Authors: Feelemyer Jonathan , Des Jarlais Don , Nagot Nicolas , Duong Thi Huong , Thi Hai Oanh Khuat , Pham Minh Khuê , Hoang Thi Giang , Nham Thi Tuyet Thanh , Cleland Charles M , Arasteh Kamyar , Caniglia Ellen , Chen Yu , Bart Gavin , Moles Jean Pierre , Vu Hai Vinh , Vallo Roselyne , Quillet Catherine , Rapoud Delphine , Sao Mai Le , Michel Laurent , Laureillard Didier , Khan Maria R 
Published: January 2023

Background There has been a significant increase in methamphetamine use among persons who use drugs in Vietnam in the last 5–10 years. We examined the degree to which adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) mediates the relationship between recent methamphetamine use and unsuppressed HIV viral load among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Hai Phong, Vietnam. Methods We recruited PWID from October 2016-October 2018 and enrolled HIV positive PWID into a cohort, with up to three years of total follow-up. We assessed relationships among recent methamphetamine use frequency, ART adherence and unsuppressed HIV viral load. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the total and natural direct effects of recent methamphetamine use on unsuppressed HIV viral load and the indirect effect proportion. Results We enrolled 792 HIV seropositive PWID into the cohort; approximately 75.9% reported high/perfect ART adherence at baseline and 81.3% were virally suppressed. In mediation analysis, the total effect for the association between methamphetamine use and unsuppressed HIV viral load (1000 copies/mL) was 3.94 (95% CI: 1.95, 7.96); the natural direct effect was 2.14 (95% CI: 1.29, 3.55); the proportion mediated by self-reported ART adherence was 0.444. Similar results were found when examining lower unsuppressed HIV viral load cutpoints of 250 copies/mL and 500 copies/mL. Conclusions Methamphetamine use is associated with unsuppressed HIV viral load among PWID despite high levels of ART adherence. Further research is needed to better understand these relationships, with emphasis on potential biological pathways that may interact with ART.
Confirming the nature of autistic burnout
Authors: Arnold Samuel RC , Higgins Julianne M , Weise Janelle , Desai Aishani , Pellicano Elizabeth , Trollor Julian N 
Published: January 2023

Autistic burnout is an experience commonly described by autistic people (#AutBurnout and #AutisticBurnout on social media). Recently, two definitions of this syndrome have been published. Both describe debilitating exhaustion with onset related to various stressors including masking, though several differences exist, such as the characteristic of interpersonal withdrawal. We sought to explore the content validity of these definitions including duration and frequency criteria, using descriptive statistics, content analysis and reflexive thematic analysis. A co-produced survey of 141 autistic adults with experience of autistic burnout showed strong endorsement of the definition by Higgins et al., where exhaustion and interpersonal withdrawal occur alongside reduced functioning, executive functioning difficulties, and increased manifestation of autistic traits. Duration and frequency criteria were unresolved, with qualitative data highlighting varying (both acute and chronic) experiences. Autistic burnout is frequently misdiagnosed as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder or other conditions. Work is needed to increase community and clinician awareness, as well as initiatives to improve unaccommodating neurotypical environments. More research and validation are needed in larger samples not restricted to autistic adults who have experienced autistic burnout to determine prevalence and risk factors as well as duration and frequency. Lay abstract Autistic burnout is something autistic people have been talking about for a while (see #AutBurnout and #AutisticBurnout on social media). Recently, researchers published two different definitions of autistic burnout. We wanted to test these definitions. We wanted to confirm the duration and frequency of autistic burnout. That is, how long and how often do people get autistic burnout? We surveyed 141 autistic adults who had autistic burnout. We used descriptive statistics, content analysis and reflexive thematic analysis to analyse the survey responses. Autistic adults strongly agreed with the definition published by Higgins et al. How long and how often people get autistic burnout was not clear. Participants told us they have both short and long episodes. Participants told us that autistic burnout leads to exhaustion. They needed to withdraw from being with other people. They needed to stay away from autism unfriendly places. Many had been misdiagnosed as having depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder or other conditions. We need increased awareness of autistic burnout. Autistic people need more help. More research is needed, we need to have bigger studies to understand autistic burnout.
Optimized Home Rehabilitation Technology Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment Compared to a Conventional Home Exercise Program: A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blind Trial in Subacute Stroke
Authors: Swanson Veronica A. , Johnson Christopher , Zondervan Daniel K. , Bayus Nicole , McCoy Phylicia , Ng Yat Fung Joshua , Schindele, BS Jenna , Reinkensmeyer David J. , Shaw Susan 
Published: January 2023

Background Upper extremity (UE) stroke rehabilitation requires patients to perform exercises at home, yet patients show limited benefit from paper-based home exercise programs. Objective To compare the effectiveness of 2 home exercise programs for reducing UE impairment: a paper-based approach and a sensorized exercise system that incorporates recommended design features for home rehabilitation technology. Methods In this single-blind, randomized controlled trial, 27 participants in the subacute phase of stroke were assigned to the sensorized exercise (n = 14) or conventional therapy group (n = 13), though 2 participants in the conventional therapy group were lost to follow-up. Participants were instructed to perform self-guided movement training at home for at least 3 hours/week for 3 consecutive weeks. The sensorized exercise group used FitMi, a computer game with 2 puck-like sensors that encourages movement intensity and auto-progresses users through 40 exercises. The conventional group used a paper book of exercises. The primary outcome measure was the change in Upper Extremity Fugl–Meyer (UEFM) score from baseline to follow-up. Secondary measures included the Modified Ashworth Scale for spasticity (MAS) and the Visual Analog Pain (VAP) scale. Results Participants who used FitMi improved by an average of 8.0 ± 4.6 points on the UEFM scale compared to 3.0 ± 6.1 points for the conventional participants, a significant difference ( t-test, P = .029). FitMi participants exhibited no significant changes in UE MAS or VAP scores. Conclusions A sensor-based exercise system incorporating a suite of recommended design features significantly and safely reduced UE impairment compared to a paper-based, home exercise program. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03503617
Influences of Aerobic Exercise on Motor Sequence Learning and Corticomotor Excitability in People With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chan Suet-Ting , Tai Chun-Hwei , Wang Li-Ying , Luh Jer-Junn , Lee Ya-Yun 
Published: January 2023

Background People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are known to have motor learning difficulties. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that a single bout of aerobic exercise (AEX) can facilitate motor learning in non-disabled adults, the same beneficial effect in PD is unknown. Furthermore, associated neuroplastic changes have not been investigated. Objectives This study aimed to determine whether a single bout of aerobic exercise (AEX) can facilitate motor sequence learning in people with PD and to investigate the associated neurophysiological changes. Methods Thirty individuals with PD were recruited and randomized into the exercise group (PD + AEX) and non-exercise group (PD − AEX). At the first visit, corticomotor excitability was assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). All participants then performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT) followed by 20 minutes of moderately-high intensity aerobic exercise (AEX) for the PD + AEX group or rest for the PD − AEX group. The SRTT and TMS were reevaluated at 3 time points: immediately after aerobic exercise (AEX) or rest, on the second day after practice (D2), and a week after practice (D7). Results Both groups showed improvement throughout practice. At retention, the PD + AEX group showed improved SRTT performance on D7 compared to D2 ( P = .001), while the PD − AEX group showed no change in performance. TMS results showed that the PD + AEX group had significantly higher corticomotor excitability than the PD − AEX group on D7. Conclusion A single session of aerobic exercise (AEX) could enhance motor sequence learning and induce neuroplastic changes. Clinicians can consider providing aerobic exercise (AEX) after motor task training for people with PD. Clinical registration: NCT04189887 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Trapeziometarpal joint arthritis in the young patient
Authors: Tham Stephen K. Y. , McCombe David B. 
Published: January 2023

Initial management of symptomatic trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis is generally non-operative. Though the aetiology of trapeziometacarpal arthritis remains controversial, unrecognized joint incongruity in early-stage arthritis (Eaton stage 1 or 2) is likely to lead to progression of joint degeneration. In established arthritis, salvage procedures can successfully alleviate symptoms and return of function; however the long-term outcome of these procedures has not been determined, and this is of particular concern in the younger patient. Recognition of the joint incongruity in these patients with early-stage disease can lead to measures which may prevent or delay the progression of joint degeneration. Level of evidence: V
The stiff proximal interphalangeal joint – an unsolved problem?
Authors: Richter Martin 
Published: January 2023

The proximal interphalangeal joint is critical for good hand function. Its anatomical complexities often predispose it to stiffness, involving damage to one or more structures. Improving or resolving the stiffness and increasing the range of motion require an accurate assessment and understanding of the pathogenesis. The surgical strategy can then be tailored accordingly. In some cases, restoration to pre-injury level may not be possible and this condition still represents an unsolved problem in hand surgery. Level of evidence: V
A pseudo-outbreak of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis: a microbiological investigation of both the patients and the environment
Authors: Hasegawa Kohei , Doi Asako , Kuroda Hirokazu , Hasuike Toshikazu , Ogura Akiko , Nasu Seiko , Nishioka Hiroaki , Tomii Keisuke 
Published: January 2023

Background We experienced a pseudo-outbreak of aspergillosis in a newly constructed COVID-19 ward. Within the first 3 months from the commencement of the ward, six intubated patients of COVID-19 developed probable or possible pulmonary aspergillosis. We suspected an outbreak of pulmonary aspergillosis associated with ward construction and launched air sampling for the investigation of the relationship between these. Methods The samples were collected at 13 locations in the prefabricated ward and three in the general wards, not under construction, as a control. Results The results from samples revealed different species of Aspergillus from those detected by the patients. Aspergillus sp. was detected not only from the air samples in the prefabricated ward but also in the general ward. Discussion In this investigation, we could not find evidence of the outbreak that links the construction of the prefabricated ward with the occurrence of pulmonary aspergillosis. It might suggest that this series of aspergillosis was more likely occurred from fungi that inherently colonized patients, and was associated with patient factors such as severe COVID-19 rather than environmental factors. Once an outbreak originating from building construction is suspected, it is important to conduct an environmental investigation including an air sampling.