bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimonide-based high operating temperature infrared photodetectors and focal plane arrays: a review and outlook
Authors: Jia Chunyang , Deng Gongrong , Liu Lining , Zhao Peng , Song Guofeng , Liu Jianguo , Zhang Yiyun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Reduction in the size, weight, and power (SWaP) consumption of an infrared (IR) detection system is one of the critical challenges lying ahead for the development of IR detector technology, especially for mid-/long-wavelength IR wave bands, which calls for high operating temperature (HOT) IR photodetectors (PDs) with good sensitivity that would ease the burden for cooling systems. Emerging as strong competitors to HgCdTe detectors, antimonide (Sb)-based IR PDs and focal plane array (FPA) imagers have gradually stepped into real-world applications after decades of development thanks to their outstanding material properties, tunability of cutoff wavelengths, feasibility of device designs, and great potential for mass production with low costs. Meanwhile, the emerging demands of versatile applications seek fast, compact, and smart IR detection systems, in which the integration of Sb-based IR PDs on a Si platform enables direct information readout and processing with Si-based microelectronics. This paper reviews recent progress in Sb-based HOT IR PDs and FPAs, including the fundamental material properties and device designs based on bulk InAsSb, InAs/GaSb, and InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattices, together with the cutting-edge performance achieved. This work also covers new trends of development in Sb-based IR PDs, such as optical engineering for signal harvesting, photonic integration techniques, as well as metal organic chemical vapor deposition growth of antimonides. Finally, challenges and possible solutions for future studies are provided from the perspectives of material growth, device design, and imaging systems. New advances in response to these existing challenges may cast light on designs and strategies for achieving HOT devices at thermoelectric cooling temperatures (yet with lower costs), and more extensive emerging applications may be found.
Performance and reliability improvement of all-solution processed indium zinc oxide thin-film transistor by UV irradiation treatment
Authors: Hanifah Umu , Bermundo Juan Paolo S , Uenuma Mutsunori , Uraoka Yukiharu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Developing a low-temperature fabrication strategy for amorphous oxide semiconductors, such as amorphous indium zinc oxide (a-IZO) channel layers, for use in flexible oxide-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) is essential. In this work, high-performance and highly stable all-solution processed a-IZO TFTs were achieved by varying the duration of a photo-assisted combination treatment (UV combination treatment), which combines UV irradiation with a low heating temperature (115 °C) in an all-solution processed approach. From the experimental results, UV irradiation can activate the IZO source, drain, and gate electrodes which induces TFT switching. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed oxygen vacancy (V
o) generation after the UV combination treatment which increased the carrier concentration and improved the conductivity of IZO. All-solution processed a-IZO TFTs with high performance and stability, high mobility (µ) up to 17.45 cm2 V−1 s−1, threshold voltage (Vth) = −1.2 V, and subthreshold swing (SS) = 0.64 V dec−1, were obtained at a low temperature of 115 °C for 90 min treatment time. The stability behavior of self-aligned top-gate, top-contact a-IZO TFT fabricated by UV combination treatment was investigated under positive bias stress (PBS) and negative bias stress (NBS) with the smallest ΔV
th of 2.4 V and 0.5 V for PBS and NBS, respectively. Our work shows that better stability indicated by the smaller ΔV
th is achieved due to reduction of interface trap density and moisture-related impurities, in particular on the activated electrode area. As a result, it can be inferred that UV combination treatment is a simple and promising method to enhance the electrical and stability performance of a-IZO TFTs even with the low-temperature process, which is useful for flexible devices.
A novel ultra-simplified flexure-based spring-mass device for relative gravimeter
Authors: Kong Meng Meng , Liu Peng Fei , Diao Wei Dong , Qian Min , Fan Kai , Zhang Jun Jian , Feng Zhi Hua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study presents the design and test of a novel ultra-simplified flexure-based spring-mass device (NUFSMD) with high sensitivity for relative gravimeters. The NUFSMD is mainly composed of a highly sensitive spring based on flexure hinges (SFH) and a cantilever beam. When the change of gravity causes SFH to rotate, an amplified displacement can be obtained on the tail of the cantilever beam. The displacement is measured by a capacitive displacement sensor. The change of gravitational acceleration can be calculated based on the output of the sensor. A theoretical analysis of the working principle of the NUFSMD is established. A prototype NUFSMD is machined from 304 stainless steel and a series of experiments are carried out. The effectiveness of gravity measurement is demonstrated by finite element simulations and experiments. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the NUFSMD is about 15.27 μGal nm−1, and the resolution is about 1.83 μGal. The designed NUFSMD shows outstanding performance. And the sensitivity and resolution of the NUFSMD can be further improved by increasing the number of flexible hinges connected in series. Compared with the existing spring-mass devices in high-precision relative gravimeters, the significant advantage of the NUFSMD is that it is simple in structure and easy to machine, which helps to greatly improve performance. Firstly, it is simple in structure, so it can be machined in one piece, which considerately contributes to stability and precision. Secondly, it is easy to machine, so it can be machined from high-performance but difficult-to-machine materials to improve its performance. Thirdly, there are a few parameters that need to be traded off for miniaturization because of the simple structure, so it is easy to be miniaturized to adapt to narrow measurement space. Therefore, it is expected to greatly improve the performance of the existing spring-mass device in relative gravimeters.
Use of the Airy beam to extend the micro-hole measurement range of an OCT system
Authors: Fan Zhili , Xia Min , Dong Bozhang , Yan Ganwei , Guo Wenping , Yang Kecheng , Li Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the advantage of high precision in measuring micrometre-scale precision structures, but its measurement range is limited by the correlation with Rayleigh length of Gaussian beam. Therefore, this study used the Airy beam to extend the focal depth of the OCT system. The system’s coupled power was increased by 7.34 times when the sample position was at an optical defocus of 3 mm. Measurements of the resolution plate and silicon wafer sample showed that Airy beam OCT had a lateral resolution of 7.4 μm and the focal depth was >6 mm. While the focal depth of the Gaussian beam OCT with the equivalent lateral resolution was less than 1 mm. This improved OCT system demonstrates significant potential for sample measurements at large aspect ratios in the industrial surface detection field.
Assessment of compression-induced solid stress, fluid pressure and mechanopathological parameters in cancers in vivo using poroelastography
Authors: Khan MD Hadiur Rahman , Islam Md Tauhidul , Taraballi Francesca , Righetti Raffaella 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Compression-induced solid stress (SSc) and fluid pressure (FPc) during ultrasound poroelastography (USPE) experiments are correlated with two markers of cancer growth and treatment effectiveness: growth-induced solid stress (SSg) and interstitial fluid pressure (IFP). The spatio-temporal distributions of SSg and IFP are determined by the transport properties of the vessels and interstitium in the tumor microenvironment. Approach. We propose a new USPE method for the non-invasive imaging of the local cancer mechanical parameters and dynamics of fluid flow. When performing poroelastography experiments, it may be difficult to implement a typical creep compression protocol, which requires to maintain a constant normally applied force. In this paper, we investigate the use of a stress relaxation protocol, which might be a more convenient choice for clinical poroelastography applications. Main results. Based on our finite element and ultrasound simulations study, we demonstrate that the SSc, FPc and their spatio-temporal distribution related parameters, interstitial permeability and vascular permeability, can be determined from stress relaxation experiments with errors below 10% as compared to the ground truth and accuracy similar to that of corresponding creep tests, respectively. We also demonstrate the feasibility of the new methodology for in vivo experiments using a small animal cancer model. Significance. The proposed non-invasive USPE imaging methods may become an effective tool to assess local tumor pressure and mechanopathological parameters in cancers.
Time-fractional (2+1)-dimensional navier-stokes equations: similarity reduction and exact solutions for one-parameter lie group of rotations
Authors: Verma Pooja , Pandit Sapna , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Vikas , Poonam Poonam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The current study is dedicated to solving the time-fractional (2+1)-dimensional Navier–Stokes model. The model has wide applications in blood flow, in the design of power stations, weather prediction, ocean currents, water flow in a pipe, air flow around the aircraft wings, the analysis of pollution, and many other areas of engineering. The Lie symmetry approach is applied to the governed time-fractional equation to fulfill this need. In the direction of exact solutions of the time-fractional equation first of all invariance condition is obtained in the presence of the Lie group. Consequently, infinitesimals are obtained with the help of the invariant condition. Moreover, these infinitesimals are utilized to obtain the subalgebras. Further, under each subalgebras similarity variables and similarity solutions are obtained which are used to find the reduced equations. These reduced equations are solved for exact solutions. The solutions of the reduced equations are further used to find the exact solutions of the main time-fractional (2+1)-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation with the help of similarity solutions under each subalgebra.
Canonical quantization of modified non-gauge invariant Einstein-Maxwell gravity and stability of spherically symmetric electrostatic stars
Authors: Ghaffarnejad Hossein 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We consider a non-minimally coupled Einstein-Maxwell gravity with no U(1) symmetry property to study stability of an electrostatic star via canonical quantization approach and obtain that the stability is free of gauge field effects. By calculating the Hamiltonian density of the stellar system we show that the corresponding Wheeler-DeWitt wave functional is similar to a simple harmonic quantum Oscillator for which a non zero ADM mass of the system causes a quantization condition on the metric fields. Probability wave packets are described by the Hermit polynomials. Our mathematical calculations show that in this approach of quantum gravity the metric fields are regular for all values of the electric potential and so the quantized spacetime has not both of event and apparent horizons. The most probability of the quantized line element is for ground state of the system. To check validation of the model we use Bohr's correspondence principal and generate directly semi classical approach of the quantized metric states at large quantum numbers where they reach to Schwarzschild like metric according to the Birkhoff’s theorem. Also we check that the generated semi classical solutions are satisfied exact classical metric solutions which are obtained from Euler–Lagrange equations. We show that ‘charge to mass ratio’ of the electrostatic star is a constant defined by the coupling constant of the model and it is in accord to other alternative approaches.
Refractive index sensor based on multiple Fano resonances excited by MIM waveguide couplessd hexagonal nut and square ring resonators
Authors: Zhang Jian , Chen Tianshan , Chen Hanwen , Wang Xiangxian , Yang Hua , Qi Yunping , Tang Chaojun , Yu Jianli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study proposed a micro-nano structure capable of generating multiple Fano resonances for refractive index sensing of gases and liquids. The structure consists of a metal-insulator-metal waveguide with a baffle and two resonators, one of hexagonal nut and one of square ring. The transmission spectrum shows that the designed structure can generate up to five Fano resonances tuned by different resonators. The data obtained are fitted by multi-mode interferometric coupling mode theory, and the results are in good agreement. The sensing performance of the structure is investigated in the refractive index ranges of 1.00–1.10 and 1.30–1.40. The corresponding maximum sensitivity and maximum figure of merit are up to 998 nm/RIU and 49016, 1026 nm/RIU and 14890, respectively. The designed structure can be used as gas and liquid sensors and have great potential for micro-nasno sensing and biochemical medicine applications.
Modeling the impacts of energetic disorder and charge transport on the exciton formation zone in organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Qin Dashan , Zhao Hailiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The width of exciton formation zone plays a vital role in determining the long-term stability of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, based on the general model of carrier device lifetimes, the dependences of the width and location of exciton formation zone on energetic disorder and charge transport have been simulated in OLEDs with emissive layer featuring hole and electron transport on host and guest molecules, respectively. The width of exciton formation zone increases with emissive layer’s energetic disorder increasing. The emissive layer with properly imbalanced carrier mobilities enables larger width of exciton formation zone than that with balanced carrier mobilities, due to the different hole and electron trap densities. Moreover, increasing hole transport layer’s hole mobility or decreasing electron transport layer’s electron mobility helps increase the width of exciton formation zone. There is no width of exciton formation zone obtained, when hole (electron) transport layer’s hole (electron) mobility is smaller than a certain value. The location of exciton formation relies on not only emissive layer’s carrier mobilities but also hole (electron) transport layer’s hole (electron) mobility. The general model provides the comprehensive picture to elucidate the roles of energetic disorder and charge transport in enhancing the stability of OLEDs, beneficial to improve the OLEDs designs towards the high stability at high luminance.
Conditionally exactly solvable Dirac potential, including x
1/3 pseudoscalar interaction
Authors: Ishkhanyan A M , Krainov V P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study the solution of the 1D Dirac equation for a pseudoscalar potential, which includes an interaction term proportional to

x

1
/
3

and a

~
1
/
x

term with a fixed strength. This is a conditionally exactly solvable singular potential, symmetric with respect to the origin. A feature of the potential is that the effective potential for the Schrödinger equation, to which the Dirac equation can be reduced, splits into two known potentials: the first Stillinger potential and the second Exton potential for the positive and negative semiaxes, respectively. We present the solution and analyze the energy spectrum and wave functions of the bound states. Our results reveal notable differences between the Schrödinger and Dirac behaviors.
Supermassive black hole seeds from sub-keV dark matter
Authors: Friedlander Avi , Schon Sarah , Vincent Aaron C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Quasars observed at redshifts z ∼ 6–7.5 are powered by supermassive black holes which
are too large to have grown from early stellar remnants without efficient super-Eddington
accretion. A proposal for alleviating this tension is for dust and metal-free gas clouds to have
undergone a process of direct collapse, producing black hole seeds of mass
M
seed ∼ 105 M
⊙ around redshift z ∼ 17. For direct collapse to occur, a large
flux of UV photons must exist to photodissociate molecular hydrogen, allowing the gas to cool
slowly and avoid fragmentation. We investigate the possibility of sub-keV mass dark matter
decaying or annihilating to produce the UV flux needed to cause direct collapse. To do so, we
calculate the produced UV flux from dark matter annihilations and decays within the gas cloud's
halo and compare these to the requirements of the UV spectrum found by previous hydrodynamical
simulations. We find that annihilating dark matter with a mass in the range of 13.6 eV ≤ mdm
≤ 20 eV can produce the required flux while avoiding existing
constraints. A non-thermally produced dark matter particle which comprises the entire dark matter
abundance requires a thermally averaged cross section of 〈σv〉 ∼
10-35 cm3/s. Alternatively, the flux could originate from a thermal relic which comprises
only a fraction ∼ 10-9 of the total dark matter density. Decaying dark matter models which
are unconstrained by independent astrophysical observations are unable to sufficiently suppress
molecular hydrogen, except in gas clouds embedded in dark matter halos which are larger, cuspier,
or more concentrated than current simulations predict. Lastly, we explore how our results could
change with the inclusion of full three-dimensional effects. Notably, we demonstrate that if the
H2 self-shielding is less than the conservative estimate used in this work, the range
of both annihilating and decaying dark matter models which can cause direct collapse is
significantly increased.
Stable cosmological solutions in Horndeski theory
Authors: Mironov S. , Shtennikova A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It is known that the construction of a completely stable solution in Horndeski theory is restricted very strongly by the so-called no-go theorem. Previously, various techniques have been used to avoid the conditions of the theorem. In this paper a new way of constructing stable solutions are shown in the general Horndeski theory. We considered the situation in which the unitary gauge studied earlier turns out to be singular. On this basis we construct a spatially flat, stable bouncing and genesis Universe solutions which are described by General Relativity with non-conventional scalar field.
Recent advances in NiO/Ga2O3 heterojunctions for power electronics
Authors: Lu Xing , Deng Yuxin , Pei Yanli , Chen Zimin , Wang Gang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Beta gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) has attracted significant attention for applications in power electronics due to its ultra-wide bandgap of ~ 4.8 eV and the large critical electric field of 8 MV/cm. These properties yield a high Baliga’s figures of merit (BFOM) of more than 3000. Though β-Ga2O3 possesses superior material properties, the lack of p-type doping is the main obstacle that hinders the development of β-Ga2O3-based power devices for commercial use. Constructing heterojunctions by employing other p-type materials has been proven to be a feasible solution to this issue. Nickel oxide (NiO) is the most promising candidate due to its wide band gap of 3.6–4.0 eV. So far, remarkable progress has been made in NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction power devices. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the construction, characterization, and device performance of the NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction power devices. The crystallinity, band structure, and carrier transport property of the sputtered NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunctions are discussed. Various device architectures, including the NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction pn diodes (HJDs), junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes, and junction field effect transistors (JFET), as well as the edge terminations and super-junctions based on the NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction, are described.
Preparation and photodetection performance of high crystalline quality and large size β-Ga2O3 microwires
Authors: Wang Yuefei , Han Yurui , Gao Chong , Li Bingsheng , Ma Jiangang , Xu Haiyang , Shen Aidong , Liu Yichun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ultrawide band gap semiconductors are promising solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetector materials due to their suitable bandgap, strong absorption and high sensitivity. Here, β-Ga2O3 microwires with high crystal quality and large size were grown by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The microwires reach up to 1 cm in length and were single crystalline with low defect density. Owing to its high crystal quality, a metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector fabricated from a Ga2O3 microwire showed a responsivity of 1.2 A/W at 240 nm with an ultrahigh UV/visible rejection ratio (R
peak/R
400 nm) of 5.8 × 105, indicating that the device has excellent spectral selectivity. In addition, no obvious persistent photoconductivity was observed in the test. The rise and decay time constants of the device were 0.13 and 0.14 s, respectively. This work not only provides a growth method for high-quality Ga2O3 microwires, but also demonstrates the excellent performance of Ga2O3 microwires in solar-blind ultraviolet detection.
Application of modified partial capacity design on six-story L-shaped reinforced concrete buildings with variations on elastic columns configurations
Authors: Pudjisuryadi P , Lumantarna B , Arcan C J , Pratama H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Modified Partial Capacity Design (M-PCD) is an alternative design method for seismic-resistant structures. M-PCD adopts the partial side sway mechanism for its failure mechanism where beams and some columns are allowed to develop plastic hinges. This method uses two models for design. The first model simulates a small earthquake occurrence and is used to design beams and plastic columns. The second model simulates a larger earthquake occurrence and damages on the structure. The elastic columns are designed based on the superposition of internal forces from the first and second models, provided that the effects from gravity loads are considered only once. This study focuses on the application of M-PCD on six-story L-shaped reinforced concrete buildings with variations on elastic columns configurations. Nonlinear time history analyses are used to determine the buildings’ performance on two earthquake levels (EDRS and MCER) and two earthquake directions (0° and 45° rotated earthquake). The results show that the partial side sway mechanism is observed in most of the analyzed structures and drifts are within set boundaries.
Bond strength between reinforcement and High Volume Fly Ash-Self Compacting Concrete (HVFA-SCC)
Authors: Rohman R K , Kristiawan S A , Basuki A , Saifullah H A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper explains the bond strength between the reinforcing bar and High Volume Fly Ash-Self Compacting Concrete (HVFA-SCC). The bond strength is determined by a pull-out test on the concrete cube (200x200x200 mm) with a single steel bar centrally placed in the cube following the RILEM standard. The HVFA-SCC is proportioned with an inclusion of 50% fly ash by weight of the total binder. The concrete satisfies the flowability criteria of SCC and has the average concrete compressive strength of 38.8 MPa. The test result shows that an average bond strength of HVFA-SCC is 12.93 Mpa and 3.89 MPa for deformed and plain bars, respectively. The obtained bond strength of HVFA-SCC is compared with the bond strength of other concrete types found in the literature. It confirms that the HVFA-SCC bond strength is higher than normal concrete (NC), and comparable with geopolymer concrete (GC), HVFAC, and SCC.