bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing quality of care outcomes between assisted living and nursing homes before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hoben Matthias , Hogan David B. , Poss Jeffrey W. , Gruneir Andrea , McGrail Kim , Griffith Lauren E. , Chamberlain Stephanie A. , Estabrooks Carole A. , Maxwell Colleen J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile assisted living (AL) and nursing home (NHs) residents in share vulnerabilities, AL provides fewer staffing resources and services. Research has largely neglected AL, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our study compared trends of practice‐sensitive, risk‐adjusted quality indicators between AL and NHs, and changes in these trends after the start of the pandemic.MethodsThis repeated cross‐sectional study used population‐based resident data in Alberta, Canada. Using Resident Assessment Instrument data (01/2017–12/2021), we created quarterly cohorts, using each resident's latest assessment in each quarter. We applied validated inclusion/exclusion criteria and risk‐adjustments to create nine quality indicators and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs): potentially inappropriate antipsychotic use, pain, depressive symptoms, total dependency in late‐loss activities of daily living, physical restraint use, pressure ulcers, delirium, weight loss, urinary tract infections. Run charts compared quality indicators between AL and NHs over time and segmented regressions assessed whether these trends changed after the start of the pandemic.ResultsQuarterly samples included 2015–2710 AL residents and 12,881–13,807 NH residents. Antipsychotic use (21%–26%), pain (20%–24%), and depressive symptoms (17%–25%) were most common in AL. In NHs, they were physical dependency (33%–36%), depressive symptoms (26%–32%), and antipsychotic use (17%–22%). Antipsychotic use and pain were consistently higher in AL. Depressive symptoms, physical dependency, physical restraint use, delirium, weight loss were consistently lower in AL. The most notable segmented regression findings were an increase in antipsychotic use during the pandemic in both settings (AL: change in slope = 0.6% [95% CI: 0.1%–1.0%], p = 0.0140; NHs: change in slope = 0.4% [95% CI: 0.3%–0.5%], p < 0.0001), and an increase in physical dependency in AL only (change in slope = 0.5% [95% CI: 0.1%–0.8%], p = 0.0222).ConclusionsQIs differed significantly between AL and NHs before and during the pandemic. Any changes implemented to address deficiencies in either setting need to account for these differences and require monitoring to assess their impact.
What is the climate footprint of therapeutic diets for people with chronic kidney disease? Results from an Australian analysis
Authors: Clay Nathan , Charlton Karen , Stefoska‐Needham Anita , Heffernan Emma , Hassan Hicham Ibrahim Cheikh , Jiang Xiaotao , Stanford Jordan , Lambert Kelly 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmediate action is needed to stabilise the climate. Dietitians require knowledge of how the therapeutic diets they prescribe may contribute to climate change. No previous research has quantified the climate footprint of therapeutic diets. This study sought to quantify and compare the climate footprint of two types of therapeutic diets for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with two reference diets.MethodsA usual diet for an individual with CKD and a novel plant‐based diet for CKD were compared with the current Australian diet and the Australian‐adapted EAT Lancet Planetary Health Diet (PHD). The climate footprint of these diets was measured using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) metric for a reference 71‐year‐old male.ResultsNo diets analysed were climate neutral, and therefore, all contribute to climate change. The novel plant‐based diet for CKD (1.20 kg carbon dioxide equivalents [CO2e] per day) produced 35% less CO2e than the usual renal diet for an individual with CKD (1.83 kg CO2e per day) and 50% less than the current Australian diet (2.38 kg CO2e per day). The Australian‐adapted EAT Lancet PHD (1.04 kg CO2e per day) produced the least amount of CO2e and 56% less than the current Australian diet. The largest contributors to the climate footprint of all four diets were foods from the meats and alternatives, dairy and alternatives and discretionary food groups.ConclusionsDietetic advice to reduce the climate footprint of therapeutic diets for CKD should focus on discretionary foods and some animal‐based products. Future research is needed on other therapeutic diets.
Early abdominal wall ectopic pregnancy treated with laparoscopic surgery: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ishikawa Yuta , Nakanishi Kentaro , Tsumura Ai , Murakami Koji , Nishiwaki Kunihiko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe abdominal wall is a rare site of ectopic implantation. Laparoscopic surgery for early abdominal pregnancy, in contrast to its use for tubal ectopic pregnancy, remains controversial because of concerns regarding heavy bleeding at the implantation site. Treatment of early abdominal pregnancy must be individualized for each implantation site. Herein, we present a case of an early abdominal pregnancy implanted in the anterior abdominal wall that was successfully treated with laparoscopic surgery. A 28‐year‐old multiparous woman with a 6‐week amenorrhea presented with acute abdominal pain. An ectopic pregnancy was suspected because of elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels without a visible gestational sac on transvaginal ultrasonography. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a gestational sac hanging from the anterior abdominal wall near the previous cesarean section wound. Laparoscopic surgery was successfully performed, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day three. In the present case, laparoscopic surgery was beneficial.
Change in client choice under multiple prenatal genetic testing options including noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) after genetic counseling in a Japanese maternity hospital
Authors: Naruse Katsuhiko , Pooh Ritsuko K. , Kyukawa Yutaka , Tsunemi Taihei , Yamada Takahiro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined how clients' selection and preference for noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for aneuploidy changed with genetic counseling (GC) performed by certified geneticists at a primary hospital specializing in obstetrics, where other multiple prenatal genetic tests options were available.MethodsA total of 334 couples who underwent GC between 2017 and 2019 were included in the study. The average age of the pregnant women who underwent GC was 35.1 years.ResultsAmong the 95 couples (28.4%) who wanted NIPT at the start of GC, 10 (10.5%) switched to other tests, and 4 (4.2%) chose not to undergo any test. Among the 106 (31.7%) couples who wanted the combination of ultrasonography and the serum marker test, 12 (11.3%) chose not to undergo the test. Among the 92 (27.5%) couples who were undecided before GC, 21 (22.8%) wanted NIPT, 31 (33.7%) selected combined tests, and 18 (19.6%) did not undergo any test.ConclusionWe have demonstrated the significance of GC before prenatal genetic testing under widespread use of NIPT. Ideally, obstetric facilities should provide GC, or at least, pre‐counseling at their own facilities, and offer multiple prenatal genetic testing options or refer to other facilities for the same.
Novel precision medicine approaches and treatment strategies in hematological malignancies
Authors: Rosenquist Richard , Bernard Elsa , Erkers Tom , Scott David W. , Itzykson Raphael , Rousselot Philippe , Soulier Jean , Hutchings Martin , Östling Päivi , Cavelier Lucia , Fioretos Thoas , Smedby Karin E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGenetic testing has been applied for decades in clinical routine diagnostics of hematological malignancies to improve disease (sub)classification, prognostication, patient management, and survival. In recent classifications of hematological malignancies, disease subtypes are defined by key recurrent genetic alterations detected by conventional methods (i.e., cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and targeted sequencing). Hematological malignancies were also one of the first disease areas in which targeted therapies were introduced, the prime example being BCR::ABL1 inhibitors, followed by an increasing number of targeted inhibitors hitting the Achilles’ heel of each disease, resulting in a clear patient benefit. Owing to the technical advances in high‐throughput sequencing, we can now apply broad genomic tests, including comprehensive gene panels or whole‐genome and whole‐transcriptome sequencing, to identify clinically important diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers. In this review, we give examples of how precision diagnostics has been implemented to guide treatment selection and improve survival in myeloid (myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia) and lymphoid malignancies (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia). We discuss the relevance and potential of monitoring measurable residual disease using ultra‐sensitive techniques to assess therapy response and detect early relapses. Finally, we bring up the promising avenue of functional precision medicine, combining ex vivo drug screening with various omics technologies, to provide novel treatment options for patients with advanced disease. Although we are only in the beginning of the field of precision hematology, we foresee rapid development with new types of diagnostics and treatment strategies becoming available to the benefit of our patients.
Sociodemographic disparities affect COVID‐19 vaccine uptake in non‐elderly adults with increased risk of severe COVID‐19
Authors: Hedberg Pontus , Sotoodeh Adonis , Askling Helena H. , Nauclér Pontus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information about sociodemographic disparities in COVID‐19 vaccine uptake among non‐elderly adults with an increased risk of severe COVID‐19. We investigated the COVID‐19 vaccine uptake in individuals aged 18–64 years with an increased risk of severe COVID‐19 (non‐elderly risk group) in Stockholm County, Sweden.MethodWe used population‐based health and sociodemographic registries with high coverage to perform a cohort study of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake of one to four doses up until 21 November 2022. The vaccine uptake in the non‐elderly risk group was compared with non‐risk groups aged 18–64 years (non‐elderly non‐risk group) and individuals aged ≥65 years (elderly).ResultsThe uptake of ≥3 vaccine doses was 55%, 64% and 87% in the non‐elderly non‐risk group (n = 1,005,182), non‐elderly risk group (n = 308,904) and elderly (n = 422,604), respectively. Among non‐elderly risk group conditions, Down syndrome showed the strongest positive association with receiving three doses (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54–1.71), whereas chronic liver disease showed the strongest negative association (aRR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88–0.92). Higher vaccine uptake among the non‐elderly risk group was associated with increasing age, being born in Sweden, higher education, higher income and living in a household where other adults had been vaccinated. Similar trends were observed for the first, second, third and fourth doses.ConclusionThese results call for measures to tackle sociodemographic disparities in vaccination programmes during and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Awake bruxism in temporomandibular disorders patients referred to tertiary care: A retrospective study on its assessment and TMD management
Authors: Nykänen Laura , Lobbezoo Frank , Kämppi Antti , Manfredini Daniele , Ahlberg Jari 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBruxism is defined as a repetitive jaw‐muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. Bruxism can occur during sleep (sleep bruxism, SB) or during wakefulness (awake bruxism, AB). To date, the effect of AB on the purported negative consequences of bruxism has remained unclear.ObjectivesThe assessment of AB, its relation to temporomandibular disorders (TMD) treatment modalities, and their possible outcomes were investigated among TMD patients resistant to treatment in primary care and referred to a tertiary care clinic.MethodsThe records of 115 patients were studied. Patients were referred to the Head and Neck Centre, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, for TMD treatment between 2017 and 2020. The data derived from the eligible patients' records included the following: background data (age and sex), referral data (reason and previous treatment), medical background (somatic and psychiatric), clinical and possible radiological diagnoses at a tertiary care clinic, treatment modalities for masticatory muscle myalgia, bruxism assessment, its possible treatment modalities and their outcomes, and overall management outcome. We analysed the outcomes of single treatment modalities and combined groups of modalities. For the demographic data, the Chi‐squared test and Fischer's Exact test were used to determine the associations between the categorical variables. A Sankey‐diagram was used to describe the flow of treatment.ResultsTemporomandibular joint‐pain‐dysfunction syndrome (K07.60) was the most frequent single reason to refer a patient to tertiary care (17.4%). At referral, men had myalgia (M79.1) significantly more often (p = .034) than women. Similarly, men had depression (p = .002) more often and other psychiatric diagnoses (p = .034). At tertiary care, the presence of AB was assessed in 53.9%, and self‐reported AB was recorded in 48.7%. In patients with possible AB, those who were prescribed neuropathic pain medication showed significantly less improvement in symptoms (p = .021) than those who underwent splint therapy (p = .009). Overall, half of the patients showed overall improvement in their TMD symptoms from the treatment combinations.ConclusionDespite several treatment modalities, only half of the patients showed improvement in their symptoms in the present study. A standardised assessment method encompassing all factors contributing to bruxism behaviours and their consequences is suggested.
Individual differences in emotional reactions to bistable perception
Authors: Goodhew Stephanie C. , Edwards Mark 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether there are individual differences in emotional reactions to bistable images, and if so, to identify some of the psychological factors that predict them.BackgroundBistable images – which have two competing perceptual interpretations – have long been used in the scientific study of consciousness. Here we applied a different lens and investigated emotional reactions to them.MethodParticipants were adult humans in a cross‐sectional study. Participants were presented with three bistable images and rated their emotional reactions to experiencing bistability. They also completed measures of intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and negative affect.ResultsThere were marked individual differences in these reactions, ranging from feeling highly negative to highly positive. These individual differences in emotional response to bistability were linked to a number of psychological processes: intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive empathy, and negative affect, but not affective empathy.ConclusionsThese finding have important implications because: (a) these emotional reactions could distort scientific investigations that use these stimuli to study non‐emotional perceptual and cognitive processes; and (b) they highlight that this approach offers a useful window into how individuals react to these stimuli that demonstrate that there is not always a single viable interpretation of the world around us.
Thalassiosira pseudonana (Cyclotella nana) (Hustedt) Hasle et Heimdal (Bacillariophyceae): A genetically tractable model organism for studying diatom biology, including biological silica formation
Authors: Poulsen Nicole , Kröger Nils 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn 2004, Thalassiosira pseudonana was the first eukaryotic marine alga to have its genome sequenced. Since then, this species has quickly emerged as a valuable model species for investigating the molecular underpinnings of essentially all aspects of diatom life, particularly bio‐morphogenesis of the cell wall. An important prerequisite for the model status of T. pseudonana is the ongoing development of increasingly precise tools to study the function of gene networks and their encoded proteins in vivo. Here, we briefly review the current toolbox for genetic manipulation, highlight specific examples of its application in studying diatom metabolism, and provide a peek into the role of diatoms in the emerging field of silica biotechnology.
Closed‐loop Nash competition for liquidity
Authors: Micheli Alessandro , Muhle‐Karbe Johannes , Neuman Eyal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study a multiplayer stochastic differential game, where agents interact through their joint price impact on an asset that they trade to exploit a common trading signal. In this context, we prove that a closed‐loop Nash equilibrium exists if the price impact parameter is small enough. Compared to the corresponding open‐loop Nash equilibrium, both the agents' optimal trading rates and their performance move towards the central‐planner solution, in that excessive trading due to lack of coordination is reduced. However, the size of this effect is modest for plausible parameter values.
Provenance of altered carbon phases and impact history of the Stac Fada Member, NW Scotland
Authors: Goodwin Arthur , Tartèse Romain , Garwood Russell J. , Jerrett Rhodri , Joy Katherine H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Stac Fada Member (Stoer Group) is a ~1.2 Ga melt‐rich impact breccia preserved and intermittently exposed along the NW coast of Scotland. Using a combination of x‐ray diffraction and micro‐Raman spectroscopy, we identify potential coesite that is spatially associated with micron‐sized diamonds, as well as disordered carbon phases. Comparing the graphite G‐band of disordered carbon phases in the impact breccia to samples from underlying units indicates that most of the carbon in the Stoer Group was ultimately derived from the underlying Lewisian basement. Disordered carbon phases within the Stac Fada Member have been modified by mild heating within a hot ejecta blanket rather than shock pressure. We also report the first evidence for impact diamonds discovered within the Stac Fada Member. These diamonds have an average Raman shift of 1328.5 cm−1 and are present within both the impact breccia and the shocked gneiss clasts that are present in sandstones directly underlying the Stac Fada Member contact, and within sandstone rafts entrapped in the unit. These findings have implications for the timing of deposition of the Stac Fada Member, which must have occurred after ballistic ejection of Lewisian basement clasts during the impact event.
Psychosocial factors impacting antegrade continence enema outcomes in pediatric patients
Authors: Benson Kari , Bazier Ashley , Schwartzkopf Katherine , Waseem Shamaila , Gilbert Elaine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with constipation and encopresis are often treated with medication and behavioral approaches. When constipation persists, surgical interventions such as antegrade continence enema (ACE) procedures are considered. Many children benefit from these procedures; however, some children continue to have incontinence, experience complications, or discontinue the use of the ACE stoma. There is some evidence in the literature to indicate that psychosocial factors can have an impact on ACE outcomes; however, standardized biopsychosocial guidelines related to ACE candidacy and surgery do not currently exist.PurposeThe purpose of this review is to summarize the research to date on psychosocial factors related to ACE treatment outcomes and complications. Identifying what is known and what limitations remain can support future research to inform development of guidelines for pre‐procedure evaluations. Psychosocial pre‐procedure evaluations could help to inform eligibility for the procedure as well as interventions to enhance outcomes for children at increased risk for poor outcomes or complications from ACE. Age, psychiatric symptoms, and adherence to the ACE flush regimen were some of the factors identified in the literature as impacting ACE outcomes; however, there is limited research in this area.
Plants cope with fluctuating light by frequency‐dependent nonphotochemical quenching and cyclic electron transport
Authors: Niu Yuxi , Lazár Dušan , Holzwarth Alfred R. , Kramer David M. , Matsubara Shizue , Fiorani Fabio , Poorter Hendrik , Schrey Silvia D. , Nedbal Ladislav 
Published: July 2023

Summary

In natural environments, plants are exposed to rapidly changing light. Maintaining photosynthetic efficiency while avoiding photodamage requires equally rapid regulation of photoprotective mechanisms. We asked what the operation frequency range of regulation is in which plants can efficiently respond to varying light.

Chlorophyll fluorescence, P700, plastocyanin, and ferredoxin responses of wild‐types Arabidopsis thaliana were measured in oscillating light of various frequencies. We also investigated the npq1 mutant lacking violaxanthin de‐epoxidase, the npq4 mutant lacking PsbS protein, and the mutants crr2‐2, and pgrl1ab impaired in different pathways of the cyclic electron transport.

The fastest was the PsbS‐regulation responding to oscillation periods longer than 10 s. Processes involving violaxanthin de‐epoxidase dampened changes in chlorophyll fluorescence in oscillation periods of 2 min or longer. Knocking out the PGR5/PGRL1 pathway strongly reduced variations of all monitored parameters, probably due to congestion in the electron transport. Incapacitating the NDH‐like pathway only slightly changed the photosynthetic dynamics.

Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that nonphotochemical quenching in slow light oscillations involves violaxanthin de‐epoxidase to produce, presumably, a largely stationary level of zeaxanthin. We interpret the observed dynamics of photosystem I components as being formed in slow light oscillations partially by thylakoid remodeling that modulates the redox rates.
Increasing amyloplast size in wheat endosperm through mutation of PARC6 affects starch granule morphology
Authors: Esch Lara , Ngai Qi Yang , Barclay J. Elaine , McNelly Rose , Hayta Sadiye , Smedley Mark A. , Smith Alison M. , Seung David 
Published: July 2023

Summary
The determination of starch granule morphology in plants is poorly understood. The amyloplasts of wheat endosperm contain large discoid A‐type granules and small spherical B‐type granules.
To study the influence of amyloplast structure on these distinct morphological types, we isolated a mutant in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) defective in the plastid division protein PARC6, which had giant plastids in both leaves and endosperm.
Endosperm amyloplasts of the mutant contained more A‐ and B‐type granules than those of the wild‐type. The mutant had increased A‐ and B‐type granule size in mature grains, and its A‐type granules had a highly aberrant, lobed surface. This morphological defect was already evident at early stages of grain development and occurred without alterations in polymer structure and composition. Plant growth and grain size, number and starch content were not affected in the mutants despite the large plastid size. Interestingly, mutation of the PARC6 paralog, ARC6, did not increase plastid or starch granule size. We suggest TtPARC6 can complement disrupted TtARC6 function by interacting with PDV2, the outer plastid envelope protein that typically interacts with ARC6 to promote plastid division.
We therefore reveal an important role of amyloplast structure in starch granule morphogenesis in wheat.