bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival, mobilization, and transport ofEscherichia colifrom sheep faeces
Authors: Muirhead Richard , Schoensee Carina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThis study looked at the survival, mobilization, and transport of Escherichia coli from sheep faeces over an extended period, which was then repeated for all four seasons.Methods and ResultsRain simulation was used to measure E. coli mobilization directly from faecal pats and subsequent transport across a soil surface. The rain simulation experiments were conducted over the same 90-day period and for the four seasons as per the survival experiments conducted to determine E. coli survival in faecal pats. The survival experiments demonstrated up to three orders of magnitude increase of E. coli in sheep faeces. Peak E. coli concentrations in the faeces were observed on Day 2 through to Day 30, with no significant effect of seasons or weather patterns. The E. coli concentrations in the runoff followed the survival pattern of E. coli concentrations in the faeces.ConclusionsThere was a statistically significant relationship between the E. coli concentrations in the faeces and the runoff.Significance and impact of studyThe data generated on the relationship between Escherichia coli concentrations in the faeces and in the runoff can support the development of runoff risk models for sheep grazing pastureland to support catchment modelling, land use decisions, and public health.
Long-term adaptation of ParA, RelE/ParE partition system, replication protein and phage proteins encoding low-cost plasmids ofEscherichiaspecies isolated from diarrheic children of North East India
Authors: Sarma Sangita , Bhattacharjee Abhilash , Devi Moirangthem Veigyabati , Panyang Pankaj Pradeep , Singh Anil Kumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThe prevalent distribution of plasmid-mediated β-lactam resistance is the most pressing global problem in enteric diseases. The current work aims to characterize plasmid-carrying β-lactam resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from North East India for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and plasmid adaptation study.Methods and ResultsIn vitro transconjugation and transformation showed overall high conjugation frequency (4.11 × 10−1–9.2 × 10−1) and moderate transformation efficiency/µg DNA (1.02 × 102 -1 × 103), and the highest conjugation frequency (9.2 × 10−1) and transformation efficiency (1 × 103) for Escherichia species S-10. Intra/intergenus plasmid transformation efficiency was highest for the transformation of Klebsiella pneumoniae S-2 to Shigellaflexneri S-42 (1.3 × 103) and lowest for Escherichia species S-10 to Escherichia fergusonii S-30 (2 × 102). In the plasmid stability test, S-10 was detected with the highest plasmid carrying frequency (83.44%) and insignificant segregational loss rate (0.0004) until the 60th day with low plasmid cost on the host. The above findings were also validated by whole-plasmid sequencing of Escherichia species S-10. The genome was identified with two plasmids constituting multiple phage proteins, relaxosomal protein NikA, replication protein RepA, and the plasmid maintenance proteins (ParA, RelE/ParE), thus assisting stable plasmid maintenance.ConclusionsThe results thus indicate that the high conjugation ability and low plasmid fitness cost might lead to horizontal gene transfer of the plasmid to the environment due to their prolonged adaptation in nonselective conditions, intensifying the infection's severity.
Microbe community composition differences of hand skin on similar lifestyle volunteers: a small-scale study
Authors: Guo Hong-Xia , Zhao Teng , Gao He-Ting , Xing Dan , Zhou Xin-Yu , Wu Jia-Hong , Li Chun-Xiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsHuman skin is the first barrier against pathogens and environmental hazards and the highest contact frequency occurs with the hands. Environmental and personal metabolic factors may affect skin microbes. This study was conducted to clarify the diversity in the skin microbial community that was mainly due to individual skin metabolites rather than lifestyle and environmental factors.Methods and ResultsSkin microbiota samples were collected from 11 volunteers who met similar lifestyle inclusion criteria. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. After library construction and sequencing, we compared the composition and diversity of the hand skin microbiota in different sexes and BMI groups with bioinformation analysis. The whole sequence data were annotated as 42 phyla, 538 families, and 1215 genera. Four dominant phyla accounted for 97% of the total including Actinobacteriota (50.18%), Firmicutes (23.85%), Proteobacteria (21.64%) and Bacteroidota (2.05%). The genera that were detected in all subjects with high relative abundance were Cutibacterium, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Lawsonella, Enhydrobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Asaia and Micrococcus.ConclusionsThe diversity and richness of the microbiota of male hand skin in our study was higher than that of females. Interestingly, Cutibacterium, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium might serve as important skin microbiota to distinguish sexes.
SARS-CoV-2 persistence on common food covering materials: plastic wrap, fruit wax, and cardboard takeout containers
Authors: Glasbrenner David C , Choi Young W , Middleton Jason K 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsAssess the persistence of infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus and virus genomic material on three common food coverings.Methods and ResultsThe stability of infectious virus and genomic material on plastic wrap, fruit wax, and cardboard takeout containers was measured. SARS-CoV-2 in simulated saliva was applied to the surface of these materials and allowed to dry. Samples were stored at 4°C or 20°C and a relative humidity of 30%, 50%, 65%, or 70% for up to 7 days. Viability was measured by TCID50 and the half-life for infectious virus was determined to be ~24 hours and ~8 hours at 4°C and 20°C, respectively, on all surfaces and RH tested. There was no loss of virus genomic material as measured by qRT-PCR at all conditions evaluated.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 virus remains infectious on food coverings for hours to days. It is estimated that a 99.9% reduction in titer requires 10 days at 4°C and 3 days at 20°C for all RH tested. SARS-CoV-2 genomic material showed no loss when assayed by qRT-PCR. Significance and Impact of Study: SARS-CoV-2 virus on food coverings loses infectivity over a certain period, but PCR assays can still detect virus genomic material throughout the same time. Thus, testing and controls may need to consider the fact that virus genomic material may still be detected when no infectious virus is present.
Characterization of chaetoglobosin producingChaetomium globosumfor the management ofFusarium–Meloidogynewilt complex in tomato
Authors: Rajendran Lingan , Durgadevi Dhakshinamoorthy , Kavitha Rangasamy , Divya Sivashanmugam , Ganeshan Kuppandy , Vetrivelkalai Pandia Maharajan , Karthikeyan Gandhi , Raguchander Thiruvengadam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimSimultaneous management of FOL and RKN causing wilt complex in tomato by chaetoglobosin-producing Chaetomium globosum.Methods and resultsRandom survey was carried out to isolate Fusarium and Chaetomium. Twelve Fusarium isolates were characterized, and FOL4 (virulent) was molecularly identified. Wilt complex by FOL, RKN was assessed individually and in combination under greenhouse. RKN (1000 juveniles ml−1) inoculation followed by FOL4 (5 × 105 spores ml−1) accounted for 90% incidence. The chaetoglobosin-producing Chaetomium was isolated, characterized morphologically and molecularly. Among 55 isolates, nine showed &gt;50% inhibition against FOL, and crude culture filtrate showed a significant reduction in RKN egg hatching (15.66%) and juvenile mortality (100%). Chaetomium Cg 40 was confirmed as C. globosum using SCAR marker (OK032373). Among 40 volatile compounds, hexadecanoic acid and 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene exhibited antifungal and nematicidal properties in GC–MS. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed chaetoglobosin A (0.767 μg μl−1), and the presence of bioactive molecules chaetoglobosin (528.25 m/z), chaetomin (710 m/z), chaetocin (692.8 m/z), chaetoviridin (432.85 m/z), and chaetomugilin (390 m/z) was confirmed by LC/MS/MS. Cg 40 and Cg 6 were able to synthesize the pks1a, b gene responsible for chaetoglobosin, sporulation, and melanin biosynthesis was confirmed by PCR. The application of an aqueous formulation as seed treatment, seedling dip, and soil drenching (application) recorded lowest wilt incidence (11.11%) and gall index (1) with the maximum growth parameter (plant height 51.9 cm), fruit yield (287.5 g), and lycopene content (11.46 mg/100 g).ConclusionsCg 40 and Cg 6, containing polyketides, secondary metabolites, antibiotics, chaetoglobosin, and plant growth-promoting ability, showed antifungal and nematicidal properties against the FOL–RKN wilt complex in tomato in vitro and pot culture experiments.
Machine learning combined with MALDI-TOF MS has the potential ability to identify serotypes of the avian pathogenRiemerella anatipestifer
Authors: Wang Zhuohao , Zheng Xiangkuan , Chen Jin , Xu Zhengjun , Dong Yongyi , Xu Guoxin , Chen Long , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimCombining MALDI-TOF MS and machine learning to establish a new rapid method to identify two important serotypes of Rimerella anatipestifer.Methods and ResultsMALDI-TOF MS was performed on 115 R. anatipestifer strains (serotype 1, serotype 2, and other serotypes) to explore its ability to identify serotypes of R. anatipestifer. Raw spectral data were generated in diagnostic mode; these data were preprocessed, clustered, and analysed using principal component analysis. The results indicated that MALDI-TOF MS completely differentiated serotype 1 from serotype 2 of R. anatipestifer; the potential serotype-associated m/z loci are listed. Furthermore, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine were used for modelling to identify the two important serotypes, and the results of cross-validation indicated that they had ∼80% confidence to make the right classification.ConclusionWe proved that MALDI-TOF MS can differentiate serotype 1 from serotype 2 of R. anatipestifer. Additionally, the identification models established in this study have high confidence to screen out these two important serotypes from other serotypes.
Phenotypic ESBL and non-phenotypic ESBL isolates ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeexhibit differing responses to induced antimicrobials resistance and subsequent antibiotic cross-resistance
Authors: Haddadin Randa N , Collier Phillip J , Haddadin Shaden 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of adapting Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates harboring ESBL genes to cetrimide (CT) in terms of subsequent cross-resistance to other biocides and antibiotics, and to investigate changes to virulence markers, such as biofilm formation and efflux activity. The changes between phenotypic extended spectrum β-lactamases (pESBL) expressing isolates and non-phenotypic ESBL (npESBL) isolates was compared.Methods and resultsKl. pneumoniae isolates (14 pESBL and 17 npESBL) were adapted to increasing concentrations of CT, until 4 × MIC was reached. The MIC of the adapted isolates was tested against chloroxylenol (CX) and chlorhexidine. Disk diffusion techniques were used to determine the susceptibility of the isolates to different antibiotics. Biofilm formation was assessed for the isolates using the crystal violet method and efflux pump activity was studied using the ethidium bromide assay. After CT adaptation, 100% of npESBL isolates and 85.7% of pESBL isolates showed increase in CT MIC after CT adaptation. While 41.2% of npESBL and 57.1% of the pESBL isolates showed a cross-resistance with chlorhexidine. CT adaptation resulted in a significant decrease in the susceptibility of npESBL isolates to aztreonam and cefotaxime compared to pESBL isolates, which could be linked to the increase in efflux activity of npESBL compared to pESBL. Biofilm formation was significantly increased after CT adaptation regardless of the type of isolate.ConclusionsThe extensive use of biocides in the environment can induce cross-resistance to other biocides and antibiotics, and can increase the ability of bacteria to form biofilms. The response of bacteria to biocide adaptation differs between pESBL and npESBL isolates, although the effect is strain specific.
Lactic acid bacteria andBacillusspp. as fungal biological control agents
Authors: Hirozawa Melissa Tiemi , Ono Mario Augusto , Suguiura Igor Massahiro de Souza , Bordini Jaqueline Gozzi , Ono Elisabete Yurie Sataque 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFungal pathogens are one of the most important agents affecting crop production and food safety, and agrochemical application is one of the main approaches to reduce phytopathogenic fungi contamination in agricultural products. However, excessive and inadequate use can cause environmental damage, human and animal hazard, and increased phytopathogen resistance to fungicides. Biological control using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bacillus spp. is an environmentally friendly strategy for phytopathogenic fungi management. Several molecules produced by these bacteria indeed affect fungal growth and viability in different plant crops. In this article, the activity spectra are reviewed along with the antifungal effect and antifungal compounds produced by LAB (e.g. organic acids, peptides, cyclic dipeptides, fatty acids, and volatile compounds) and Bacillus spp. (e.g. peptides, enzymes, and volatile compounds).
Turfgrass-dependent mycotrophic change enhances soil deterioration in dry, cold and high-alkali environments
Authors: Yang Yong-Zhi , Chang Jui-Tse , Yan Hai-Xia , Gao Run-Hong , Luo Min-Xin , Chao Chien-Ti , Liao Pei-Chun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsSoil quality is undergoing severe degradation under anthropogenic effects. Different methods of land management have been implemented for soil reclamation, such as turfing. Although widely accepted to improve soil quality, turfing in specific environments may also culminate in soil deterioration. We aim to know how turfing impacts soils by changing mycobiomes.Methods and resultsThe soil physicochemical properties and ITS metabarcoding were used to investigate mycobiome diversity and eco-function differences between the eudicot Dianthus plumarius and the monocot Poa pratensis in dry, cold, and high-alkali soil. The effects of plantation and the rhizosphere (e.g. root exudates) were tested. We showed that the change in soil mycobiomes in different planted bulk soils and rhizospheres could mainly be attributed to species turnover, with minor nestedness. Unexpectedly, the soil deteriorates more following turfing. The increasing saprotrophs in planted bulk soil were more marked in the monocot than in the eudicot, even the rhizosphere effect alleviated saprotrophic risks in the rhizosphere.ConclusionsTurfing deteriorates the health of high-alkali soil by reducing nitrification, and upshift the soil saprotrophs in a dry and cold environment.
Gene flow with the help of sea turtles: phylogeography of the epibiont barnacleChelonibia testudinaria(Linnaeus, 1758) (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Chelonibiidae) from the Persian Gulf
Authors: Shahdadi Adnan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) is a globally distributed epibiont barnacle using different hosts, including sea turtles and portunid crabs. Previous phylogenetic analyses have recovered three distinct clades for this species corresponding to the Atlantic, Eastern Pacific, and Indo-West Pacific regions. The present study of the genetic diversity of this species in the Persian Gulf (northwestern Indian Ocean) using the COX1 mitochondrial marker estimates the genetic connectivity of the barnacle between the Persian Gulf and two western Pacific regions. No significant genetic differentiation is evident between the Persian Gulf and the western Pacific, but the moderate level of genetic connectivity found between these areas across the Indian Ocean is likely mediated by migratory sea turtles. Based on the present analysis, the Persian Gulf displays a lower genetic diversity than the diversity of the western Pacific populations but shares some haplotypes with the latter.
A novel binary-addition simplified swarm optimization for generalized reliability redundancy allocation problem
Authors: Jiang Yunzhi , Liu Zhenyao , Chen Jen-Hsuan , Yeh Wei-Chang , Huang Chia-Ling 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Network systems are commonly used in various fields, such as power grids, Internet of Things, and gas networks. The reliability redundancy allocation problem is a well-known reliability design tool that needs to be developed when the system is extended from a series-parallel structure to a more general network structure. Therefore, this study proposes a novel reliability redundancy allocation problem, referred to as the general reliability redundancy allocation problem, to be applied in network systems. Because the general reliability redundancy allocation problem is NP-hard, a new algorithm referred to as binary-addition simplified swarm optimization is proposed in this study. Binary-addition simplified swarm optimization combines the accuracy of the binary addition tree algorithm with the efficiency of simplified swarm optimization, which can effectively reduce the solution space and speed up the time required to find high-quality solutions. The experimental results show that binary-addition simplified swarm optimization outperforms three well-known algorithms: the genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and simplified swarm optimization in high-quality solutions and high stability on six network benchmarks.
Spatial ecology of the Vicuña (Lama vicugna) in a high Andean protected area
Authors: Karandikar Harshad , Donadio Emiliano , Smith Justine A , Bidder Owen R , Middleton Arthur D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The study of animal space use is fundamental to effective conservation and management of wildlife populations and habitats in a rapidly changing world, yet many species remain poorly described. Such is the case for the spatial ecology of the Vicuña–a medium-sized wild camelid that plays a critical role, both as a consumer and as prey, in the high Andean food web. We studied patterns of space use of 24 adult female vicuñas from April 2014 to February 2017 at the southern edge of its range. Vicuñas showed strong fidelity to their home range locations across the study period and shared large portions of their home ranges with vicuñas from other family groups. Vicuña home ranges in our study were considerably larger than previous estimates across the range of the species. Variation in environmental and terrain factors and the associated risk of predation affected vicuña diel migration distance but not home range size or overlap. Our study offers new ecological insights into vicuña space use that can inform conservation and management efforts of vicuñas and other social ungulates.
A Hidden Gem: Highlighting the Indispensable Capabilities and History of the DoD Cholinesterase Monitoring Program and DoD Cholinesterase Reference Laboratory
Authors: Ke Pucheng , Stidham Ralph A , Forbes Adrienne M , Castaneto Marisol S , Wegner Matthew D , Mont Stephanie L 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The DoD Cholinesterase Monitoring Program and Cholinesterase Reference Laboratory have safeguarded U.S. government employees in chemical defense for over five decades. Considering Russia’s potential deployment of chemical warfare nerve agents in Ukraine, it is critical to maintain a robust cholinesterase testing program and its efficiency presently and in future.
Single-pulse behaviours and fast radio burst-like micropulses in FAST wide-band observations of eight pulsars
Authors: Zhao Rushuang , Li Di , Hobbs George , Wang Pei , Xue Mengyao , Dang Shijun , Liu Hui , Zhi Qijun , Miao Chenchen , Yuan Mao , Niu Jiarui , Meng Lingqi , Zhu Weiwei 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe searched for evidence of subpulse drifting and micropulses from eight pulsars. Our observations were carried out using the ultra-wide-bandwidth receiver installed on the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), as part of the pilot program for the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS). For three pulsars (PSRs J0426+4933, J0815+4611, J1529+40), we detected single pulses for the first time. Four pulsars [PSRs J0426+4933, J0815+4611, J1529+40, J1945−0040 (B1942–00)] were observed to undergo subpulse drifting. Notable features include bimodal behaviour in the nulling of PSR J0034−0721 (B0031–07). For this pulsar, short-duration (≲10 period) null events were shown to be frequency-dependent, whereas long-duration null events were frequency-independent. The driftings of the pulse components for this pulsar overlapped in time, and the integrated profiles of the drift modes are shown to be distinct, indicating a different energy distribution. Subpulse drifting is detected for PSR J0426+4933 at ∼400 MHz, but becomes undetectable above 600 MHz, probably becuase of the disappearance of one pulse component. Microstructures have been detected in pulses from PSRs J0034−0721 and J0151−0635 (B0148–06). The quasi-periodic microstructure emission in PSR J0034−0721 was detectable at low observing frequencies. The duration of the micropulses was found to be frequency-dependent. In a similar fashion to fast radio bursts, the detected micropulses were bandwith-limited, with a characteristic bandwidth of 128.4 ± 31.6 MHz for PSR J0034−0721 and of 93.3 ± 3.2 MHz for PSR J0151−0635.
Why weak lensing cluster shapes are insensitive to self-interacting dark matter
Authors: Robertson Andrew , Huff Eric , Markovič Katarina 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate whether the shapes of galaxy clusters inferred from weak gravitational lensing can be used as a test of the nature of dark matter. We analyse mock weak lensing data, with gravitational lenses extracted from cosmological simulations run with two different dark matter models: cold dark matter (CDM) and self-interacting dark matter (SIDM). We fit elliptical Navarro–Frenk–White profiles to the shear fields of the simulated clusters. Despite large differences in the distribution of 3D shapes between CDM and SIDM, we find that the distributions of weak-lensing-inferred cluster shapes are almost indistinguishable. We trace this information loss to two causes. First, weak lensing measures the shape of the projected mass distribution, not the underlying 3D shape, and projection effects wash out some of the difference. Secondly, weak lensing is most sensitive to the projected shape of clusters, on a scale approaching the virial radius ($\sim\! 1.5 \mathrm{\, Mpc}$), whereas SIDM shapes differ most from CDM in the inner halo. We introduce a model for the mass distribution of galaxy clusters where the ellipticity of the mass distribution can vary with distance to the centre of the cluster. While this mass distribution does not enable weak lensing data to distinguish between CDM and SIDM with cluster shapes (the ellipticity at small radii is poorly constrained by weak lensing), it could be useful when modelling combined strong and weak gravitational lensing of clusters.