bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AKR7A3 modulates the metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through regulating PHGDH‐suppressed autophagy
Authors: Hua Lei , Song Yang , Min Jie , Wang Ronglin , Li Hong , Zhu Liaoliao , Guo Yongdong , Gan Dongxue , Li Shanshan , Ma Peixiang , Yang Cheng , Yang Jing , Shi Jingjie , Li Junqiang , Su Haichuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAKR7A3 is a member of the aldo‐keto reductase (AKR) protein family, whose primary purpose is to reduce aldehydes and ketones to generate primary and secondary alcohols. It has been reported that AKR7A3 is downregulated in pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the mechanism underlying the effects of AKR7A3 in PC remains largely unclarified. Here, we explored the biological function, molecular mechanism and clinical relevance of AKR7A3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). AKR7A3 expression was downregulated in PDAC compared with adjacent normal tissues, and the lower AKR7A3 expression was related to poor prognosis. In addition, our results demonstrated that AKR7A3 could be a potential diagnostic marker for PDAC, especially in the early stages. Knockdown of AKR7A3 promoted PDAC progression and chemoresistance, while inhibiting autophagy flux. Mechanistically, AKR7A3 affected the metastasis, autophagy, and chemoresistance of PDAC by regulating PHGDH. Overall, the present study suggests that AKR7A3 inhibits PDAC progression by regulating PHGDH‐induced autophagy. In addition, AKR7A3 inhibits chemoresistance via regulating PHGDH and may serve as a new therapeutic target for PDAC.
Abnormal characteristic static and dynamic functional network connectivity in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Huang Wenjun , Fang Xuhao , Li Shihong , Mao Renling , Ye Chuntao , Liu Wei , Deng Yao , Lin Guangwu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsIdiopathic Normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by gait disturbance, dementia, and urinary dysfunction. The neural network mechanisms underlying this phenomenon is currently unknown.MethodsTo investigate the resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) abnormalities of iNPH‐related brain connectivity from static and dynamic perspectives and the correlation of these abnormalities with clinical symptoms before and 3‐month after shunt. We investigated both static and dynamic functional network connectivity (sFNC and dFNC, respectively) in 33 iNPH patients and 23 healthy controls (HCs).ResultsThe sFNC and dFNC of networks were generally decreased in iNPH patients. The reduction in sFNC within the default mode network (DMN) and between the somatomotor network (SMN) and visual network (VN) were related to symptoms. The temporal properties of dFNC and its temporal variability in state‐4 were sensitive to the identification of iNPH and were correlated with symptoms. The temporal variability in the dorsal attention network (DAN) increased, and the average instantaneous FC was altered among networks in iNPH. These features were partially associated with clinical symptoms.ConclusionThe dFNC may be a more sensitive biomarker for altered network function in iNPH, providing us with extra information on the mechanisms of iNPH.
Effects of the implementation of acuity circle policy on waitlist and post‐transplant outcomes of liver re‐transplantation
Authors: Shimada Shingo , Shamaa Tayseer , Ivanics Tommy , Miyake Katsunori , Kitajima Toshihiro , Rizzari Michael , Yoshida Atsushi , Abouljoud Marwan , Moonka Dilip , Nagai Shunji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcuity circle (AC) policy implementation improved the waitlist outcomes for certain liver transplant (LT)‐candidates. The impact of the policy implementation for liver retransplant (reLT) candidates is unknown.MethodsUsing Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing (OPTN/UNOS) data from January, 2018 to September, 2021, we investigated the effect of the AC policy on waitlist and post‐LT outcomes among patients who had previously received a LT. Patients were categorized by relisting date: Pre‐AC (Era 1: January 1, 2018–February 3, 2020; n = 750); and Post‐AC (Era 2: February 4, 2020–June 30, 2021; n = 556). Patient and donor characteristics, as well as on‐waitlist and post‐reLT outcomes were compared across eras.ResultsIn Era 2, the probability of transplant within 90 days overall and among patients relisted > 14 days from initial transplant (late relisting) were significantly higher compared to Era 1 (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 1.40, 95% CI 1.18–1.64, p < .001; sHR 1.52, 95% CI 1.23–1.88, p = .001, respectively). However, there was no difference by era among patients relisted ≤14 days from initial transplant (early relisting; sHR 1.21, 95% CI .93–1.57, p = .15). Likewise, among early relisting patients, risks for 180‐day graft loss and mortality were significantly higher in Era 2 versus Era 1 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 5.77, 95% CI 1.71–19.51, p = .004; and aHR 8.22, 95% CI 1.85–36.59, p = .005, respectively); for late relisting patients, risks for these outcomes were similar across eras.ConclusionOur results show that the implementation of AC policy has improved transplant rates and reduced waiting time for reLT candidates listed > 14 days from initial transplant. However, the impact upon early relisting patients may be mixed.
Habitat–trait interactions that control response to climate change: North American ground beetles (Carabidae)
Authors: Qiu Tong , Bell Aaron J. , Swenson Jennifer J. , Clark James S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimAs one of the most diverse and economically important families on Earth, ground beetles (Carabidae) are viewed as a key barometer of climate change. Recent meta‐analyses provide equivocal evidence on abundance changes of terrestrial insects. Generalizations from traits (e.g., body size, diets, flights) provide insights into understanding community responses, but syntheses for the diverse Carabidae have not yet emerged. We aim to determine how habitat and trait syndromes mediate risks from contemporary and future climate change on the Carabidae community.LocationNorth America.Time period2012–2100.Major taxa studiedGround beetles (Carabidae).MethodsWe synthesized the abundance and trait data for 136 species from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) and additional raw data from studies across North America with remotely sensed habitat characteristics in a generalized joint attribute model. Combined Light Detection and RAnging (LiDAR) and hyperspectral imagery were used to derive habitat at a continental scale. We evaluated climate risks on the joint response of species and traits by expanding climate velocity to response velocity given habitat change.ResultsHabitat contributes more variations in species abundance and community‐weighted mean traits compared to climate. Across North America, grassland fliers benefit from open habitats in hot, dry climates. By contrast, large‐bodied, burrowing omnivores prefer warm‐wet climates beneath closed canopies. Species‐specific abundance changes predicted by the fitted model under future shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) scenarios are controlled by climate interactions with habitat heterogeneity. For example, the mid‐size, non‐flier is projected to decline across much of the continent, but the magnitudes of declines are reduced or even reversed where canopies are open. Conversely, temperature dominates the response of the small, frequent flier Agonoleptus conjunctus, causing projected change to be more closely linked to regional temperature changes.Main conclusionsCarabidae community reorganization under climate change is being governed by climate–habitat interactions (CHI). Species‐specific responses to CHI are explained by trait syndromes. The fact that habitat mediates warming impacts has immediate application to critical habitat designation for carabid conservation.
Assessment of the current knowledge about infective endocarditis prevention among dental hygienists in Italy: A national survey
Authors: Carbone Mario , Mandatori Federica , Macciotta Alessandra , Gambino Alessio , La Bruna Pietro , Broccoletti Roberto , Carossa Massimo , Arduino Paolo G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo date, there is a lack of data regarding the acceptance of the guidelines for infective endocarditis (IE) prevention among dentists in Italy, and similarly, there are no data on the understanding and compliance of those among dental hygienists (DH). Thus, we tried to assess the ability of DH to recognize and manage categories of patients at high risk of EI, to identify which dental procedures are at increased risk and to assess the level of knowledge of doses and how antibiotic prophylaxis should be administered in specific cases.MethodsAn anonymous questionnaire was prepared and made accessible online by sharing a Google Forms® link; general personal data and educational background information were collected to obtain a profile of the participants.ResultsA total of 362 DH answered to our web‐based survey, showing a prevalent female percentage (86.7%) and the most represented age group of 30–39 years old (43.1%). Regarding the gender differences, there were not overall statistically significant differences; similarly, we did not find any differences regarding the overall number of wrong questions if considering the different ages of the participant and the year of graduation. Graduates in Northern Italy have mistaken fewer questions than graduates in other geographical areas.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the largest survey about the knowledge of IE for DH ever performed. Because the overprescription of antibiotics contributes to the development of drug resistance, antibiotic stewardship should be at the forefront of patient care. Our data reflect the need for placing a greater emphasis on IE prophylaxis education in training and during continuing professional development events for DH.
Effect of material properties on batch‐to‐glass conversion kinetics
Authors: Ferkl Pavel , Hrma Pavel , Kloužek Jaroslav , Kruger Albert A. , Pokorný Richard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA recently developed model of the cold cap—the reacting glass batch (melter feeds) floating on molten glass in an electric glass melter—couples heat transfer with the feed‐to‐glass conversion kinetics. The model allows for determining the distributions of temperature and various properties within the cold cap. In the present study, this model is applied to four melter feeds designed for high‐level and low‐activity nuclear wastes. Profiles of temperature, conversion degree, cold cap porosity and density, condensed matter velocity, and heating rate were determined using the material properties of the cold cap. Effects of vigorous foaming at the cold cap bottom were considered. Density, thermal conductivity, and glass production rate strongly affect the cold cap thickness and the fraction of undissolved silica entering the melt under the cold cap. The heating rate profile in the cold cap is highly nonlinear, with high heating rates observed in the foam layer.
The levels and related factors of mental workload among nurses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuan Zhongqing , Wang Jialin , Feng Fen , Jin Man , Xie Wanqing , He Hong , Teng Mei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe aim was to determine the overall levels and related factors of mental workload assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool among nurses.BackgroundMental workload is a key element that affects nursing performance. However, there exists no review regarding mental workload assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool, focusing on nurses.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, Weipu and WanFang databases were searched from 1 January 1998 to 30 February 2022.Review MethodsFollowing the PRISMA statement recommendations, review methods resulted in 31 quantitative studies retained for inclusion which were evaluated with the evaluation criteria for observational studies as recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The data were pooled and a random‐effects meta‐analysis conducted.ResultsFindings showed the pooled mental workload score was 65.24, and the pooled prevalence of high mental workload was 54%. Subgroup analysis indicated nurses in developing countries and emergency departments experienced higher mental workloads, and the mental workloads of front‐line nurses increased significantly during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionThese findings highlight that nurses experience high mental workloads as assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool and there is an urgent need to explore interventions to decrease their mental workloads.
The cortisol stress response in youth with overweight and obesity: Influence of psychosocial variables
Authors: Verbiest Ine , Verbeken Sandra , Debeuf Taaike , De Henauw Stefaan , Michels Nathalie , Braet Caroline 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBackgroundDespite previous research pointing out a bifurcation in cortisol stress reactivity, it is not yet clear if all variables explaining inter‐individual differences in stress responses are captured.ObjectivesTo explore which (psychosocial and demographic) variables predict the cortisol response after a standardized stress‐and affective state (SAS)‐induction in youth with overweight and obesity.MethodsAs part of a randomized control trial (SRCTN83822934) investigating the effects of emotion regulation (ER)‐training on top of a 10‐month inpatient multidisciplinary obesity treatment, 79 children and adolescents (9–15 years) with moderate obesity (M adjusted BMI = 154.35% overweight, SD = 24.57) completed a SAS‐induction before leaving the clinic.ResultsThose whose cortisol levels decreased (N = 59.5%) from baseline to reactivity showed higher levels of alexithymia than increasers (p = 0.049). Attachment avoidance was a significant positive predictor of relative cortisol decrease after SAS‐induction (p = 0.001). Age was significantly related to less cortisol decrease (p = 0.006). No significant effect of ER‐intervention group on relative cortisol change was found.ConclusionsThe current study provides evidence for a bifurcation in cortisol stress reactivity in youth with obesity. Our data further suggested that psychosocial variables (alexithymia and attachment avoidance) influence the cortisol stress response. Future research should further explore whether the attenuators are a more vulnerable group.
Melatonin use and the risk of self‐harm and unintentional injuries in youths with and without psychiatric disorders
Authors: Leone Marica , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Lagerberg Tyra , Bjureberg Johan , Butwicka Agnieszka , Chang Zheng , Larsson Henrik , D'Onofrio Brian M. , Leval Amy , Bergen Sarah E. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundSleep disorders in youth have been associated with increased risks of injury, including suicidal behavior. This study investigated whether melatonin, which is the most common medication for sleep disturbances in youth in Sweden, is associated with a decreased risk of injury.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study included 25,575 youths who initiated melatonin treatment between ages 6 and 18. Poisson regression was used to estimate rate of injuries in the year prior to and following melatonin treatment initiation. A within‐individual design was used to estimate relative risks by comparing injury risk in the last unmedicated month with injury risks in the 12 months after medication initiation. Analyses were stratified by sex, injury type, psychiatric comorbidities and age at melatonin‐treatment initiation.ResultsWhile body injuries, falls and transport accident rates were comparable in the year before and after melatonin‐treatment initiation, the risk of self‐harm was highest in the months immediately prior to medication, and decreased thereafter. This was particularly prominent among adolescents with depression and/or anxiety, with females displaying greater absolute risks than males. Compared to the last unmedicated month, the 12 months post medication initiation had decreased relative risks for self‐harm, with an IRR [95% CI] in the month following melatonin‐treatment initiation of 0.46 [0.27–0.76] among adolescent females with psychiatric disorders, after excluding antidepressant users.ConclusionsDecreased risk of intentional self‐harm was observed following melatonin‐treatment initiation among females with depression and anxiety, suggesting that sleep interventions could be considered in an effort to reduce risk of self‐harm in this population.
Pruritus in cutaneous graft‐versus‐host disease: A systematic review
Authors: Zhu Jie , Navarini Alexander A. , Halter Joerg P. , Mueller Simon M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPruritus is a common symptom of cutaneous graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, little is known about its prevalence, pathophysiology, perceptual characteristics, impact on quality of life and response to antipruritic therapies. The aim of this review was to determine the current knowledge on pruritus in cutaneous GVHD. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses statement. Of the 338 studies screened, 13 were included. The prevalence of pruritus in cutaneous GVHD was reported in three studies, ranging from 37.0% to 63.8%. Only four trials used pruritus assessment tools. There was little or no information on the intensity of pruritus, its qualitative perception, the location of pruritus and the impact of pruritus on quality of life. Antipruritic treatments for GVHD‐associated pruritus were mentioned in five studies (38.5%), including topical ointments (steroids, tacrolimus and calcipotriene), broadband UVB, systemic antihistamines and oral ursodeoxycholic acid. In conclusion, pruritus in cutaneous GVHD appears to be common, but very little is known about the pathophysiology, impact on quality of life and effective treatment options. Basic research and controlled clinical trials are warranted to improve knowledge and management of this important issue.
Effects of food plants on life‐history traits of the newly invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Huang Li‐Li , Xue Fang‐Sen , Wan Jian‐Chun , Tang Jian‐Jun , Liang Yu‐Yong , He Hai‐Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) has invaded Jiangxi Province, Southeast China for the past 3 years. Although the FAW displays a wide host range, its main host plants in Jiangxi Province are field corn. Understanding the population dynamics of the FAW on different host plants is critical for developing an appropriate control strategy. This study investigated the effects of food plants (corn, peanut, soybean and sugarcane) on life‐history traits of FAW and tested the leaf contents of the total flavonoids, reducing sugars, sucrose and C/N ratio of these host plants. We found that the FAW fed on corn leaves exhibited significantly shorter larval and pupal development times, larger body weight, higher growth rate, lower weight loss, smaller sexual size dimorphism, shorter preoviposition period and higher fecundity than those fed on peanut, soybean and sugarcane leaves. The FAW showed a protogyny phenomenon because the pupal development stage was significantly longer in males than females. Food plants changed the relationships between larval development time and pupal weight and between fecundity and longevity. The corn leaves showed significantly higher contents of reducing sugars and sucrose, lower content of the total flavonoids and a moderate C/N ratio compared with the other leaves, suggesting that the corn leaf tissues are more nutritious. Our results provide the most comprehensive information about the life‐history traits of this newly invasive pest. These findings may help us understand why the FAW mainly infests corn plants and may be critical for the development of strategies to predict infestation levels.
Communicating Data Uncertainty: Multiwave Experimental Evidence for UK GDP
Authors: GALVÃO ANA BEATRIZ , MITCHELL JAMES 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEconomic statistics are commonly published without estimates of their uncertainty. We conduct two waves of a randomized controlled online experiment to assess if and how the UK public understands data uncertainty. A control group observes only the point estimate of GDP. Treatment groups are presented with alternative qualitative and quantitative communications of GDP data uncertainty. We find that most of the public understands that GDP numbers are uncertain. Quantitative communications of data uncertainty help align the public's subjective probabilistic expectations of data uncertainty with objective estimates, but do not decrease trust in the statistical office.
Organizing Muslim Virtue: Community Organizing, Comparative Religious Ethics, and the South African Muslim Struggle Against Apartheid
Authors: Houston Sam 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWhile offering valuable comparative insights into models of the self and ethical formation across religious traditions, studies of virtue ethics have been critiqued for putting forward accounts which are elite‐focused. Some comparative ethicists have pointed to work in religious ethics and political theology on faith‐based community organizing as offering compelling case studies of non‐elite ethical formation. I seek to add to this literature by performing an analysis of the theories and practices of ethical formation in the South African Muslim anti‐apartheid grassroots organization known as the “Call of Islam.” The “Call of Islam” emphasized a liberation‐oriented praxis and active solidarity with non‐Muslim organizations for the purposes of protesting apartheid and employed a range of social practices including study circles (halaqat) and political funeral processions to prepare and equip its members for such work. As such, it not only sheds light on non‐elite ethical formation, but in its cultivation of the habits and dispositions of democratic solidarity, it also serves as an Islamic example of broad‐based community organizing.
Building effective public dental care programs: The critical role of implementation evaluation
Authors: Durbin Anna , Root Ariel , Lawrence Herenia P. , Werb Sara , Abrams Stephen , Durbin Janet 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere are significant income‐related inequities in oral health and access to oral health care. Public dental programs generally aim to increase access to oral health care for individuals with financial barriers through government payments for appointments. Low engagement from both oral health care providers and intended patients are common challenges in delivery of public dental programs, and are impediments to program impact and outcomes. Still, these programs rarely address the systemic issues that affect the experiences of intended users. This accentuates the importance of monitoring of program delivery to refine or adapt programs to better meet needs of service providers and users. As such, specifying program goals and developing a related monitoring strategy are critical as Canada begins to implement a national public dental program. Drawing on an example of a pediatric public dental program for children from low‐income families or with severe disabilities in Ontario, Canada, this article illustrates how an implementation and evaluation framework could be applied to measure implementation and impact of the national program. The RE‐AIM framework measures performance across five domains: (1) Reach, (2) Effectiveness (patient level), (3) Adoption, (4) Implementation (provider, setting, and policy levels), and (5) Maintenance (all levels). Given the disparities in oral disease and access to oral health care, the results can be used most effectively to adapt programs if relevant stakeholders participate in reviewing data, investigating quality gaps, and developing improvement strategies.