bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditions for super-Eddington accretion onto the first black holes
Authors: Gordon Simone T , Smith Britton D , Khochfar Sadegh , Beckmann Ricarda S 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Observations of supermassive black holes (BHs) at high redshift challenge our understanding of the evolution of the first generation of BHs in proto-galactic environments. One possibility is that they grow much more rapidly than current estimates of feedback and accretion efficiency permit. Following our previous analysis of super-Eddington accretion on to stellar-mass BHs in mini-haloes under no-feedback conditions, we now investigate whether this can be sustained when thermal feedback is included. We use four sets of cosmological simulations at sub-pc resolution with initial BH masses varying from $1 \times 10^{3} \ \mathrm{ to} \ 6 \times 10^{4} \ {\rm M_\odot }$, exploring a range of feedback efficiencies. We also vary the feedback injection radius to probe the threshold of numerical overcooling. We find that super-Eddington growth sustained of the order of $\sim$$100 \ \rm kyr$ is possible with weak thermal feedback efficiency in all environments and moderate efficiency for two of the BHs. Trans-Eddington growth is possible for a $3 \times 10^{3}\!\! - \!\! 6 \times 10^{3}\ {\rm M_\odot }$ BH at moderate feedback efficiencies. We discuss the effectiveness of thermal feedback in heating the gas, suppressing accretion, and driving outflows at these parameter configurations. Our results suggest that super-Eddington growth may be possible in the presence of thermal feedback for BHs formed from the first stars.
WISDOM Project – XXII. A 5 per cent precision CO-dynamical supermassive black hole mass measurement in the galaxy NGC 383
Authors: Zhang Hengyue , Bureau Martin , Ruffa Ilaria , Cappellari Michele , Davis Timothy A , Dominiak Pandora , Elford Jacob S , Iguchi Satoru , Lelli Federico , Sarzi Marc , Williams Thomas G 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We present a measurement of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass of the nearby lenticular galaxy NGC 383, based on Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the $^{12}$CO(2-1) emission line with an angular resolution of $0.050{\,\rm arcsec}\times 0.024{\,\rm arcsec}$ ($\approx 16\times 8$ pc$^2$). These observations spatially resolve the nuclear molecular gas disc down to $\approx 41\,300$ Schwarzschild radii and the SMBH sphere of influence by a factor of $\approx 24$ radially, better than any other SMBH mass measurement using molecular gas to date. The high resolution enables us to probe material with a maximum circular velocity of $\approx 1040$ km s$^{-1}$, even higher than those of the highest resolution SMBH mass measurements using megamasers. We detect a clear Keplerian increase (from the outside in) of the line-of-sight rotation velocities, a slight offset between the gas disc kinematic (i.e. the position of the SMBH) and morphological (i.e. the centre of the molecular gas emission) centres, an asymmetry of the innermost rotation velocity peaks and evidence for a mild position angle warp and/or non-circular motions within the central $\approx 0.3\,{\rm arcsec}$. By forward modelling the mass distribution and ALMA data cube, we infer an SMBH mass of $(3.58\pm 0.19)\times 10^9$ M$_\odot$ ($1\sigma$ confidence interval), more precise (5 per cent) but consistent within $\approx 1.4\sigma$ with the previous measurement using lower resolution molecular gas data. Our measurement emphasizes the importance of high spatial resolution observations for precise SMBH mass determinations.
Black hole-disc coevolution in the presence of magnetic fields: refining the Thorne limit with emission from within the plunging region
Authors: Mummery Andrew 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The accretion of material on to a black hole modifies the properties of that hole owing to the capture of both matter and radiation. Adding matter to the hole through an accretion disc generally acts to increase the hole’s spin parameter, while the capture of radiation generally provides a retarding torque. The balance between the torques provided by adding matter and radiation leads to a maximum spin parameter that can be obtained by a black hole which grows by accretion, known as the Thorne limit. In the simplest theory of thin disc accretion this Thorne limit has the value $a_{\bullet , {\rm lim}} \simeq 0.998$. The purpose of this paper is to highlight that any modification to theories of accretion flows also modify this limiting value, and to compute precisely the modification arising from a particular extension of accretion theory: the inclusion of bright emission from within the plunging region which is sourced from the magnetohydrodynamic stresses ubiquitously observed in simulations. This extra emission further suppresses black hole spin-up and results in new, lower, limits on the final black hole spin. These limits depend on the details of the magnetic stresses acting within the plunging region, but typical values seen in simulations and observations would lower the limit to $a_{\bullet , {\rm lim}} \simeq 0.99$, a subtle but not negligible deviation.
Tissue fibrosis in cardiorenal syndrome: crosstalk between heart and kidneys
Authors: Dutta Abhi , Chakraborty Sanchari , Roy Antara , Mittal Anupam , Basak Trayambak 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is represented as an intricate dysfunctional interplay between the heart and kidneys, marked by cardiorenal inflammation and fibrosis. Unlike other organs, the repair process in cardiorenal injury involves a regenerative phase characterized by proliferation and polyploidization, followed by a subsequent pathogenic phase of fibrosis. In CRS, acute or chronic cardiorenal injury leads to hyperactive inflammation and fibrotic remodeling, associated with injury-mediated immune cell (Macrophages, Monocytes, and T-cells) infiltration and myofibroblast activation. An inflammatory to fibrotic transition corresponds with macrophage transition (M1-M2) associated with increased TGF-β response. Chronic inflammation disrupts hemodynamic pathways, leading to imbalanced oxidative stress and the production of cytokines and growth factors that promote fibrotic stimulation, contributing to pathological cardiorenal remodeling. The inflammatory response paves the pre-fibrotic cardiorenal niche and drives subsequent fibrotic remodeling by activated myofibroblasts. A fibrotic cardiorenal response in CRS is characterized by increased and degradation-resistant deposition of extracellular proteins especially fibrillar Collagen -I, -III, -V, and non-fibrillar Collagen-IV by active myofibroblasts. Recent advances in basic research animal models of CRS have advanced the knowledge of cardiorenal fibrosis. However, a significant need for clinical applications, trials, and evaluation is still needed. Circulating biomarkers like procollagen peptides and TGF-β have clinically been associated with cardiorenal fibrosis diagnosis in CRS. Treatments targeting the fibrotic pathways have also shown efficacy in amelioration of cardiorenal fibrosis in preclinical models. Recent combination therapies targeting multiple fibrotic pathways have been shown to offer promising results. Understanding the heterogenic pathological progression and fibrogenesis could identify novel therapeutic approaches for clinical CRS diagnosis and treatment.
Rethinking chronic care: how blended patient-centered care delivery and innovative financing models can contribute to achieving universal health coverage—a case study of an integrated approach in Kenya
Authors: van Andel Judith , Gómez-Pérez Gloria P , Otieno Peter , Siteyi Angela , Teerling Julia , Rinke de Wit Tobias , Asiki Gershim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) aims to ensure all individuals have access to essential health services without financial hardship. Chronic diseases, like hypertension and diabetes, play a critical role in achieving UHC due to their lifelong management needs. This paper examines the implementation of a digital and mobile-based, patient-centered care model aimed at improving care for hypertensive and diabetic patients in Kenya. Between 2018 and 2019, 1626 patients from nine clinics in Nairobi, Kiambu, Nyeri and Vihiga counties were enrolled in an integrated non-communicable disease (NCD) care model including self-management devices for home monitoring, a digital health wallet (M-TIBA) for co-payment and facility-based peer support groups. Follow-up data was collected November–December 2020. Results indicated significantly improved patient outcomes, with 50% of hypertensive and 74% of diabetic patients achieving disease control, compared to 42% and 52% at baseline. Additionally, peer group participation increased adherence to self-monitoring and lifestyle modifications, contributing to better health outcomes. Despite these successes, challenges such as accessing medications and technical issues with digital tools were identified. Financial sustainability and scalability remain critical concerns, particularly in under-resourced settings. The case study highlights the potential of digital health solutions to enhance chronic care and support UHC by improving accessibility and reducing costs. A multifaceted approach, combining digital tools with face-to-face support and addressing structural barriers in healthcare systems, is essential for long-term success. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on integrated care models for NCDs in low-resource settings, underscoring the importance of sustainable financing and innovative care delivery mechanisms.
Digital interventions for alcohol use and alcohol use disorders in low- and-middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Khatore Payal , Yolanda Hizkia , Joyner Jaeden , Nadkarni Abhijit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Despite the high burden of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), access to health care is poor. Digital interventions (DIs) have recently emerged as promising avenues for addressing substance use. Such interventions could potentially address barriers to help-seeking in LMICs, such as travel costs, shortage of professionals, stigma, etc.

Aim
To synthesize evidence on the effectiveness and implementation of DIs for AUDs in LMICs.

Methods
The systematic review had a comprehensive search strategy that combined search terms for DIs (e.g. SMS, eHealth), alcohol use (e.g. hazardous drinking) and LMICs (e.g. India). Studies presenting primary data that reported effectiveness (e.g. relapse) and/or implementation or intervention-related outcomes (e.g. feasibility) of DIs for AUDs in LMICs were eligible. Three databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were searched from their inception till June 2023. Data was extracted in relevant categories and analysed.

Results
Twenty-one reports from 19 studies were included. Types of DIs ranged from standalone mobile applications and web portals to human-delivered interventions via digital platforms. 12 studies reported positive or partially positive alcohol use outcomes (e.g. number of drinking days, abstinence). DIs with human involvement were found to be more effective than standalone DIs. Additionally, high levels of acceptability, feasibility and satisfaction were reported across interventions.

Conclusion
DIs are acceptable and feasible in LMICs and broadly effective in improving alcohol use outcomes. Firm conclusions could not be drawn because of methodological issues such as small sample sizes, short follow-up periods and limited generalisability. Adequate investment, improved research methodology and increased focus on implementation outcomes are required for determining the role that DIs can play in addressing AUDs in LMICs.
Effectiveness of cognitive functional therapy for chronic spinal pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Marelli Michele , Cioeta Matteo , Pellicciari Leonardo , Rossi Fabio , Guida Stefania , Bargeri Silvia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of cognitive functional therapy (CFT) in reducing disability and pain compared to other interventions in chronic spinal pain patients.

Methods
Five databases were queried to October 2023 for retrieving randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including patients with chronic spinal pain and administering CFT. Primary outcomes were disability and pain. Secondary outcomes included psychological factors, quality of life, patient satisfaction, and adverse events. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment (Cochrane RoB 2.0), and evidence certainty (GRADE approach). Random-effect models were used for meta-analyses. Clinical relevance was assessed with the smallest worthwhile effect.

Results
Eight RCTs (N = 1228) for chronic low back pain (CLBP), one (N = 72) for chronic neck pain (CNP) were included. Compared to other conservative interventions, CFT may reduce disability (MD: −9.41; 95%CI: −12.56, −6.27) and pain (MD: −1.59; 95%CI: −2.33, −0.85 for CLBP) at short-term follow-up with probable to possible clinical relevance in CLBP and with low and very low evidence certainty, respectively. Similar results, with larger effect sizes, were observed for CFT compared to any unstructured or unsupervised minimal care treatments. Efficacy persisted in longer-term follow-ups, except for comparison with other conservative interventions. The CNP study showed positive results for CFT. Evidence certainty was low to very low. Sparse evidence was found for secondary outcomes.

Conclusion
CFT may offer clinically relevant benefits for CLBP, although the evidence remains mainly of low to very low certainty. Well-conducted studies, particularly in CNP and other spinal pain conditions are needed to strengthen these findings.

Registration
PROSPERO CRD42023482667.
Quantifying the portrayal of alcohol-related A&E attendances and prevention in the British medical documentary series ‘24 hours in A&E’
Authors: Webster Karielle , Knight Holly , Morling Joanne R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Alcohol misuse is linked to numerous health and socioeconomic harms. Edutainment and docutainment television programmes can act as health promotion tools, influencing health perceptions and behaviours. Inaccurate portrayals can engender misinformation. Limited research has assessed alcohol-related illnesses and prevention in edutainment/docutainment, with none examining British medical documentaries.

Methods
A quantitative content analysis assessed the portrayal of alcohol-related attendances (ARAs), behaviours, and prevention in the series 24 hours in A&E. Main series episodes broadcast 2011–2022, depicting ARAs, were coded. Descriptive statistics and a Fisher’s exact were then undertaken.

Results
ARAs featured 38 patients in 23 episodes (8.3% episodes total). Significantly more ARA episodes were broadcast from 2011 to 2016 than 2017–2022 (P = 0.002). ARAs were mainly portrayed in males (63.2%), young adults (73.7%) and White ethnic groups (78.9%). Binge drinking and pubs/bar/nightclubs/‘nights out’ were the main behaviours and settings depicted. ARAs encompassed predominantly accidents/injuries (72.7%). Prevention featured infrequently (15.8% patients) and involved secondary (50.0%) or tertiary prevention (50.0%) for alcohol-use disorders (AUDs).

Conclusion
ARAs were under-portrayed. While prevention portrayals and demographics were largely consistent with reality, ethnic minority groups, AUDs and chronic alcohol-related illnesses were underrepresented. Binge drinking and night-time economy settings were over-portrayed. Inaccurate depictions could lead to misperceptions of alcohol-related health harms.
A review of falls and injuries of nursing home residents presenting to the emergency department
Authors: O’Connor Aoife , Noonan Claire , Fallon Aoife , Kennelly Sean 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Falls are frequently reported within the HSE. The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) found that 40% of over 50 s experience a fall in a two-year period, with 20% requiring hospital attendance. It has been estimated that the cost of injuries related to falls in older people will increase exponentially over the coming years. There is no national database in Ireland with statistics for nursing home (NH) residents presenting with falls to our Emergency Departments (EDs).

Aim
To review the prevalence and risk factors for nursing home patients presenting to the ED with falls.

Design
Retrospective chart review.

Method
Retrospective review of all NH presentations to the ED of a university hospital over one year.

Results
There were 519 ED presentations by NH residents over one year. 48.17% (n = 250) presented with a fall. One-third of ED visits presented during conventional working hours. Falls patients were more likely to be admitted when not reviewed by a GP prior to presentation. The average length of stay for falls admissions was 10.77 days (n = 132), versus 9.56 (n = 153) for admissions with no documented fall. There was no statistical difference in the falls risk medications between the groups. Patients presenting with falls were more likely to have bone protection reviewed during their stay (P = 0.011). Patients with falls were also more likely to use mobility aids (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Rapid referral to falls prevention programmes and the use of standardized care pathways for high falls risk patients are essential for future prevention and management.
A complete framework for cosmological emulation and inference with CosmoPower
Authors: Jense H T , Harrison I , Calabrese E , Spurio Mancini A , Bolliet B , Dunkley J , Hill J C 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We present a coherent, re-usable python framework building on the CosmoPower emulator code for high-accuracy calculations of cosmological observables with Einstein–Boltzmann codes. For detailed statistical analyses, such codes require high computing power, making parameter space exploration costly, especially for beyond-$\Lambda$CDM analyses. Machine learning-enabled emulators of Einstein–Boltzmann codes are becoming an increasingly popular solution to this problem. To enable generation, sharing, and use of emulators for inference, we define standards for robustly describing, packaging, and distributing them. We present software for easily performing these tasks in an automated and replicable manner and provide examples and guidelines for generating emulators and wrappers for using them in popular cosmological inference codes. We demonstrate our framework with a suite of high-accuracy emulators for the CAMB code’s calculations of CMB $C_\ell$, $P(k)$, background evolution, and derived parameter quantities. We show these emulators are accurate enough for analysing both $\Lambda$CDM and a set of extension models ($N_{\rm eff}$, $\sum m_\nu$, $w_0 w_a$) with stage-IV observatories, recovering the original high-accuracy spectra to tolerances well within the cosmic variance uncertainties. We show our emulators also recover cosmological parameters in a simulated cosmic-variance limited experiment, finding results well within $0.1 \sigma$ of the input cosmology, while requiring $\lesssim 1/50$ of the evaluation time.
Bank regulation, investment, and capital requirements under adverse selection
Authors: Rivera Thomas J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article studies the optimal design of bank capital regulations when capital markets are subject to adverse selection. I show how the implementation of capital requirements can eliminate the information frictions that make raising capital costly by screening banks to reveal their private information to the market. The optimal regulations induce information revelation via recapitalization programs when the banking sector is weak and pool the banks’ private information via uniform capital requirements otherwise. Optimal capital requirements are linked to the securities issued to meet them, demonstrating potential welfare gains from incorporating more and less informationally sensitive securities into the design of capital regulations. Finally, the analysis generates insights into the joint design of equity capital requirements and additional tier 1 capital securities.
A processual framework for understanding the rise of the populist right: the case of Brazil (2013–2018)
Authors: Bradlow Benjamin H , Gold Tomás 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
How and in what sequence do social structures, contingent events, and agents’ decisions combine over time to bring about a new populist right? To answer this question, we propose a framework to analyze social processes spanning three levels of analysis: global political economy, national political articulation, and subnational political geography. We challenge static theories that focus solely on the “supply and demand” for populism, as well as purely contingent accounts of a “perfect storm.” Instead, we argue that processes across these three levels link together in causal chains to produce an “ecosystem” of right-wing populist support. To specify this framework, we analyze the ascendance of Jair Bolsonaro to the presidency of Brazil between 2013 and 2018, drawing upon quantitative macroeconomic and protest event data, qualitative interview and archival data collected from private sector actors and social movements, and geo-spatial electoral data. Finally, we probe the generalizability of this analytical framework through a discussion of secondary work on recent cases of right-wing populism in the Global South. By focusing on the dynamic connection of inter-scalar processes over time, we illustrate how our framework paves the way for further conjunctural analyses of the current right-wing populist upsurge.
Influence of macrophages and neutrophilic granulocyte-like cells on crystalline silica-induced toxicity in human lung epithelial cells
Authors: Gaté Laurent , Sébillaud Sylvie , Lorcin Mylène , Seidel Carole , Darne Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In many industrial activities, workers may be exposed by inhalation to particles that are aerosolized, To predict the human health hazard of these materials, we propose to develop a co-culture model (macrophages, granulocytes, and alveolar epithelial cells) designed to be more representative of the inflammatory pulmonary response occurring in vivo. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 cells were used as macrophages, All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-differentiated HL60 were used as granulocytes and A549 were used as epithelial alveolar type II cells. A crystalline silica sample DQ12 was used as a prototypical particle for its capabilities to induce DNA damage, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in epithelial cells; its polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide (PVNO)-surface modified counterpart was also used as a negative particulate control. Cells in mono-, bi- or tri-culture were exposed to DQ12 or DQ12-PVNO for 24 h. DQ12 but not DQ12-PVNO induced a significant increase in DNA damage in A549 cells. The presence of differentiated THP-1 reduced the genotoxic effects of this crystalline silica sample. The exposure of A549 to DQ12 but not DQ12-PVNO induced a significant change in interleukin-8 (IL-8) protein levels which was exacerbated when differentiated THP-1, and HL-60, were added. In addition, while no production of TNFα was detected in the A549 monoculture, elevated levels of this cytokine were observed in the co-culture systems. This work shows that a cell culture model that takes into consideration the complexity of the pulmonary inflammatory response might be more dependable to study the toxicological properties of particles than “simple” monoculture models.