bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genre-Bending: A Discourse on Globalization and Culture with Implications for Music Therapy
Authors: Banzon Gabrielle , Leonard Hakeem 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Genre-bending is an evolving term that indicates the tendency for musical and cultural elements to interact with each other, often defying previously established genre distinctions. Evolutions of technology have expanded the way music is both created and consumed, and together with globalization, has shaped the development of a global music landscape. Hybrid elements and dynamics of music and culture have important implications for the development and exchange of musical identities outside of and within music therapy. In this article, there is a brief review of the digitalization of music technology related to consumers and curators. We highlight how digitalization and globalization have increased access through media democratization and afforded a global digital agency. This agency is explored with both the access and engagement of consumers, and the impact on curation by music creators. Those introductory elements are used for grounding the article’s main idea of genre-bending; including what it is, the ways it functions in popular music today, sociocultural and relational elements, and implications for music therapy. As part of this discourse, we highlight how the global music landscape has encouraged diverse music tastes and normalized inclusive engagement, and the subsequent importance of understanding individuals as being situated through multicultural music personhood. These shifts shape the intersubjective meaning making between therapist and client, impacting musical identities. The article concludes by delving into the ways these realities influence how music therapists hold space for curation, clients’ resources, and cultural assets through hybrid therapeutic dynamics.
Cluster analysis of kidney function decline among males with Fabry disease in a large United States electronic health records database
Authors: Chiorean Alexandra , Lyn Nicole , Kabadi Shaum , Blanchon Margot , Hayat Paul , Loustalot Paul , Maski Manish , Montmerle Martin , Ponce Elvira 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient α-galactosidase A activity. The spectrum of disease includes phenotypes ranging from “classic” to “later-onset,” with varying kidney disease progression. Identifying patterns of declining kidney function and involvement of other major organs in patients with FD is important to guide therapy decisions.

Methods
Clusters of patients with FD and similar estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and age were created using agglomerative clustering of data captured between 2007 and 2020 in the United States Optum Market Clarity database. Male patients with a diagnosis of FD and two or more eGFR values ≥6 months apart were included. Disease progression was compared with a control cohort of patients without an FD diagnosis.

Results
eGFR values from 234 male patients with FD were analysed, yielding seven clusters. Five clusters demonstrated disease progression from “natural” eGFR decline, with a slight decrease in kidney function and eGFR usually within the normal range, to rapid, early decline in eGFR and cardiac complications. When compared with the control cohort, a more rapid decline and a higher percentage of cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, arrhythmias and stroke were noted in the study group. An inflection point was observed in each cluster when deterioration of kidney function accelerated.

Conclusions
Clustering of male patients with FD by decline in kidney function, organ involvement and phenotype through analysis of real-world data provides a reference that could help determine the optimal time for initiation of FD-specific treatment and facilitate management decisions made by healthcare professionals.
Nicotine Intake in Adult Pod E-cigarette Users: Impact of User and Device Characteristics
Authors: Giberson Jeremy , Nardone Natalie , Addo Newton , Khan Sameera , Jacob Peyton , Benowitz Neal , St.Helen Gideon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction
This study examined user behavior, e-cigarette dependence, and device characteristics on nicotine intake among users of pod-mod e-cigarettes.

Aims and Methods
In 2019–2020, people who use pod-mods in the San Francisco Bay Area completed questionnaires and provided a urine sample for analysis of total nicotine equivalents (TNE). The relationship between TNE and e-cigarette use, e-cigarette brands, e-liquid nicotine strength, e-cigarette dependence, and urine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), as a measure of combustible cigarette exposure, were examined.

Results
Of 100 participants (64% male, 71% in the 18–34 age group, 45% white), 53 used JUUL primarily, 12 used Puff Bar primarily, and 35 used other brands, including Suorin; 48 participants reported current cigarette smoking. Participants most often reported use of e-liquid with 4.5%–6.0% nicotine (68%), fruit (35%), tobacco (28%), and menthol or mint flavors (26%), used e-cigarettes on 25.5 (SD = 6.3) days a month, 10.2 (SD = 14.2) times a day, and 40% used 1–2 pods/cartridges per week. In bivariate analysis, urinary TNE was higher with greater frequency (days used) and intensity (number of pods used) of e-cigarette use, e-cigarette dependence, and combustible cigarette use. In multivariable analysis, days of e-cigarette use in the last 30 days, number of pods used per week, and NNAL levels were significantly associated with TNE. There was no significant impact of e-liquid nicotine strength on TNE.

Conclusions
Nicotine intake among people who used pod-mod e-cigarettes increased with e-cigarette consumption and e-cigarette dependence, but not with e-liquid nicotine strength. Our findings may inform whether FDA adopts a nicotine standard for e-cigarettes.

Implications
The study examined how device and user characteristics influence nicotine intake among pod-mod e-cigarette users. Nicotine intake increased with frequency (days of e-cigarette use in past 30 days) intensity of use (number of pods used per day) and e-cigarette dependence but not with the flavor or nicotine concentration of the e-liquids. Regulation of nicotine concentration of e-liquids is unlikely to influence nicotine exposure among adult experienced pod-mod users.
Service user satisfaction with telemedicine in an occupational healthcare setting
Authors: Carr P , Kevitt F 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Telemedicine has existed pre-pandemic and has been used in some healthcare settings with high patient satisfaction. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the use of telemedicine to help minimize transmission while maintaining service provision.

Aims
To assess service user satisfaction with telephone assessment and to assess distance/time saved by telephone assessment as services users did not have to travel to their appointment.

Methods
Prospective review of service users attending one occupational health clinic over a 1-month period. Service users were asked two questions regarding method of travel, and satisfaction with telephone review. All data captured were anonymous, and distances and times for travel were calculated for driving using Google Maps.

Results
Seventy-three service users were recruited to the review. Ninety per cent were reviewed by telephone and 10% reviewed in person. Eighty-eight per cent of service users were satisfied with telephone review. Seventy-eight per cent of service users planned to drive to Dr Steevens’ Hospital. In total, 4058.4 km (77 h 6 min) of commuting was saved with phone reviews, and 2753.2 km (54 h 16 min) driving was saved.

Conclusions
Service user satisfaction with telephone review was found to be high, and telephone review resulted in saving of both commuting time for the healthcare worker, reduced time away from the workplace, as well as having a positive environmental impact.
Introduction
Authors: Endicott Timothy , Kristjánsson Hafsteinn Dan , Lewis Sebastian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This Introduction sets the scene for the forty chapters of Philosophical Foundations of Precedent, pointing out reasons for the range and the depth of the investigations offered in the book. The central question concerning precedent in law is: why should a judicial decision today depend on what a court decided in the past? Any answer to that question generates a tension between the putative value of following previous decisions, and the value of readiness to reform the law. This book offers a broad array of philosophical investigations into the central question and the central tension, and into the variety of ways in which the fact of an earlier decision may be treated as a reason for decision in later cases. The book addresses the nature and authority of precedent and of the forms of reasoning that it involves in common law and civil law systems, and addresses fundamental principles as to how and when to act in accordance with precedent. The Introduction explains the way in which the project of the book emerged as a collaborative, collegial enterprise among a large and inclusive group of established contributors and new voices in legal philosophy.
On the Nature of Stare Decisis
Authors: Lewis Sebastian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Why must certain courts in the common law follow precedent? This chapter identifies two approaches to this question: moral and juridical. According to the former, courts must follow precedent whenever there are sufficiently strong moral reasons to ground a moral obligation. According to the latter, courts must follow precedent because their duty is to give effect to the law—and precedents, or at least many of them, constitute sources of law. The upshot of my analysis is that the grounds on which courts may be morally required to follow precedent need not be those on which they are legally bound to do so. The chapter aims to conceptualize these two approaches and the way they interrelate. I will argue that stare decisis is a legal doctrine because morality cannot account for central features of it—for example, the distinction between ratio and obiter, the rules on vertical and horizontal precedent, and the grounds on which certain courts may overrule precedent. But this view may be objected to by proponents of the ‘one-system view’—that is, a new and distinctive approach to jurisprudence which draws from Ronald Dworkin’s late work. I will consider that objection and the problems of this view in accounting for stare decisis.
Precedent and Legal Creep
Authors: Rigoni Adam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers an undertheorized aspect of precedent within Anglo-American common law systems: the distinction between law and fact in determining the binding force of a past case. It then introduces the phenomena of ‘legal creep’, wherein factual determinations are tacitly converted into legal rules of precedent, using the example of negligence in tort actions. Next, it identifies the factors that will encourage and accelerate legal creep now and even more so in the future, including features of digital legal research and current research directions in theorizing precedent. This includes a discussion on the role of the models of artificial intelligence and law (AI and law) in accelerating legal creep. Finally, the chapter concludes with thoughts on how and why we might slow legal creep.
Elements of Precedent
Authors: Kristjánsson Hafsteinn Dan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The chapter provides a general analysis for all legal systems of the roles that precedents play in determining a legal norm according to the legal method. It argues that some precedents are ‘independent’ sources of law in the sense that they are identified by a norm of recognition (relatively) independently of how the ‘underlying source’ was treated. These precedents become sources even if they were wrongly decided according to the legal method in the jurisdiction. Common law precedents in England may be examples of this. Contrariwise, some precedents are a ‘dependent’ source of law. These precedents count as sources if a court has identified the law used to decide the case according to the legal method in the jurisdiction. A precedent that is wrongly decided is not recognized as a source of law. Perhaps this is the case in some civil law jurisdictions. The chapter argues that precedents can be sources of law even though there is no norm of change empowering a court to create law. It is enough that the precedent is identified as a source by a norm of recognition. Moreover, the chapter argues that norms of institutional decision-making, such as norms of adjudication, matter for understanding the legal effects of precedent. It suggests that stare decisis is best understood as an institutional duty imposed on particular institutions, that is courts, to follow past decisions but not a norm of recognition. This view allows for different mixtures of norms of recognition and institutional duties in different legal systems.
Dog Law
Authors: Celano Bruno 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses whether, or to what extent, in jurisdictions where precedents are binding and distinguishing is practised (and, arguably, in constitutional adjudication), the law is certain, in the sense of being predetermined. In subsequent cases, does the norm applied, and to be applied, remain the same, or, if it changes, does it change entirely or only in part (by ‘specification’)? The chapter shows that, in distinguishing, as new cases arise, the normative solution adopted, and to be adopted, in many of the subsequent cases is different from, and incompatible with, the normative solution adopted, and to be adopted, in the preceding cases. True, in common law jurisdictions (and in constitutional adjudication) normative generalizations embodied in lines of precedents display a remarkable inertia. The aim of this chapter is to show what this inertia is not. Whatever it may be, it is not the enduring identity of one and the same norm.
Statutory Interpretation and Binding Precedents in the Civil Law Tradition
Authors: Ramírez-Ludeña Lorena 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Vertically binding precedents are often rejected in the civil law tradition by reference to three interrelated arguments: (1) judges do not create the law, they merely apply it; (2) judges are bound by statutory law, not by the decisions of other judges; and (3) statutes, not the judicial decisions that interpret and apply them, are sources of law. This chapter addresses the three arguments and argues that precedents can have binding force even in countries where their very existence is highly contested. First, it is argued that judges of higher courts engage in important creative activity when they interpret the law, so that we can speak of genuine precedents governing the interpretation of the law, which add something new to the law. Secondly, it is shown that the binding force of these precedents in civil law countries can be quite robust, especially when compared to systems where their bindingness is generally accepted. The final section discusses the extent to which precedents that interpret the law can be considered sources of law.
Precedent Slippery Slopes
Authors: Stevens Katharina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses slippery slope arguments that are used in the context of common law precedent. The slippery slope argument is often treated as a fallacy. Nonetheless, using or answering slippery slope worries in legal decision-making is conspicuously common. And not only that: several authors have remarked that slippery slope arguments can often be valid, even strong, in the context of legal precedent. This chapter investigates why this should be so. It is argued that there is a special type of slippery slope argument, the precedent slippery slope. Understanding its mechanism reveals why slippery slopes are so strong in the context of precedent.
Consistency in Administrative Law
Authors: Perry Adam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that English law should require administrative officials to treat like cases alike. The exception is if an official is more likely to decide a case correctly than the official who decided a previous and like case. The burden should be on the claimant to prove that his or her case was treated differently than a previous and like case. The burden should be on the official to show that he or she falls within the scope of the exception. Although these claims are relatively modest, they are practically important. In particular, they suggest that many cases in English administrative law should have been decided differently.
Escaping Precedent
Authors: Roughan Nicole 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Avoiding a precedent does not typically alter a legal system’s ultimate rules of recognition. Individual precedents are binding on their particular facts, but may be straightforwardly overruled, distinguished, found to be unworkable, or per incuriam, without unsettling the recognition of sources of valid law in that system. This chapter examines how, in contrast to such avoidance, an escape from precedent is effected through changes in a legal system’s ultimate rules of recognition. The escape examined in this chapter arises from a type of ‘interlegality’ found in the interaction of state and Indigenous legal orders in common law settler states. The example of state–Indigenous interlegality in New Zealand is relied upon to illustrate escapes from precedent that give effect to the content of Indigenous law, the authority of Indigenous legal officials, or the sources of Indigenous legalities. Such changes suggest that the operation of precedent can provoke reflective changes to a legal system’s rule of recognition, posing a challenge to claims that such a rule is changed primarily by accident.
Frames and descriptions
Authors: Cooper Robin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter looks at frames associated with common nouns. Frames are construed as situations (modelled as records in TTR). A common noun like dog is associated with a type of situation which is common for dogs, for example, where the dog has a name, an age, and various other attributes we commonly attribute to dogs and this plays an important role in interpreting utterances such as the dog is nine. Some nouns, such as temperature, represent frame level predicates. Nouns which normally predicate of individuals can be coerced to predicates of frames. An example is ship in four thousand ships passed through the lock which can either mean that four thousand distinct ships passed through the lock or that there were four thousand ship-passing-through-the-lock events some of which may have involved the same ship. Such examples are analysed by associating an appropriate frame type with the noun ship.
The Emperor’s Henchman
Authors: Menze Volker L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
After the Reunion of 433 Alexandria and Antioch were in communion again but the fragile balance of power collapsed in the 440s. Cyrillians and dyophysites regarded each other as heretics and attempted to win over as many episcopal sees as possible. It is notable—and against previous scholarly assumptions—that until 448 Dioscorus remained on the side-lines, in contrast to Emperor Theodosius (408–450) whose mistrust towards Theodoret of Cyrrhus and other dyophysite near eastern bishops increased during the 440s. The bishop of Cyrrhus actively engaged in the controversy not the least through his literary oeuvre: by declaring the Council of Constantinople in 381 to have been ecumenical, he caused such a turmoil so that Emperor Theodosius summoned the Second Council of Ephesus in August 449. Presided by Dioscorus, the council deposed with Flavian of Constantinople, Eusebius of Dorylaeum, Theodoret, and Domnus of Antioch all leading dyophysite bishops in the Eastern Roman Empire. Theodosius wished to regard it as the third ecumenical council (after Nicaea in 325 and the First Council of Ephesus in 431) that should have ended questions of doctrine but Pope Leo denounced it as ‘robber-council’ and insisted to annul it. The chapter discusses particularly questions of the councils’ canonicity and Dioscorus’ role in it.
Against Procrustean Public Health
Authors: Persad Govind , Emanuel Ezekiel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we identify two ways in which Procrustean reasoning—which requires that everyone be treated identically regardless of their differences—has infected and hampered pandemic response. The first is Procrusteanism about public health restrictions, which wrongly holds that fairness requires imposing the same public health restrictions on everyone, and in particular imposing the same restrictions on vaccinated people as on those who are unvaccinated. The second is Procrusteanism about medical interventions, which wrongly holds that fairness requires providing everyone with the same treatment—for instance, the same type of vaccine—regardless of their individual risk. These mistakes have both been exacerbated by unwillingness to conduct clinical trials to compare different approaches to public health and medical intervention. Our observations focus on the COVID-19 pandemic, but apply to future public health responses as well, where similar issues are likely to recur.
Pluralism and Allocation of Limited Resources
Authors: Wilkinson Dominic 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the response to this pandemic two vital, but controversial, ethical questions are how we should allocate ventilators to patients with severe respiratory failure, and how we should distribute vaccines to people at risk of contracting coronavirus. There are opposing ethical views about how to prioritize, and countries have taken different approaches. There is a strong ethical argument that policies should take a pluralistic approach to allocation that reflects multiple ethical values—both because of the diversity of viewpoints within communities and the recognition that there are competing relevant ethical values. This chapter looks at the epistemic and normative problems raised by pluralistic allocation in this pandemic and suggests implications for future pandemics. Some of the relevant evidence about the public’s views and values relating to prioritization are summarized. The chapter also explores some practical approaches to prioritization of scarce resources in the face of contrasting and competing ethical values.
Communion in Two Kinds
Authors: Ross Shaun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter compares the work of John Milton and Richard Crashaw, arguing that the differences between these two authors’ poetry can be mapped onto the two elements of the eucharist: the bread and the wine. Claiming that these two contemporaries share an understanding of poetics tied to the sacrament, it nevertheless distinguishes Crashaw as fascinated by sacramental fluids, and Milton as deeply concerned with eucharistic solid food. Contrasting the extravagant liquid devotion of Crashaw’s lyrics with the digestive universe presented in Paradise Lost, it argues against the traditional view that Crashaw is one of England’s literary dead ends, while Milton is the pivotal figure of transition from the early to the truly modern. Instead, this chapter contends that Milton’s engagement with the eucharist reveals a desire for individual autonomy that can co-exist with mystical incorporation, while Crashaw’s reflects a paradoxically modern longing for the dissolution of distinctions.