bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the need for a cerebrospinal fluid Shunt implantation after spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A challenging task
Authors: Khalaveh Farjad , Zeiser Vitalij , Cho Anna , Schmelzer Sophie , Reinprecht Andrea , Herta Johannes , Roessler Karl , Dorfer Christian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of persistent hydrocephalus in patients after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is still poorly understood and many variables predicting the need for a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-shunt have been described in the literature with varying results. The aim of this study is to find predictive factors for shunt dependency.
METHODS We performed a retrospective, single-center study of 99 neurosurgically treated patients with spontaneous ICH. Variables, including age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), location of hemorrhage, acute hydrocephalus and volumetric analysis of IVH, ICH and intraventricular CSF were compared between patients with and without CSF-shunt implantation. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) for ICH, IVH and intraventricular CSF volume parameters were calculated.
RESULTS CSF-shunt implantation was performed significantly more often in patients after thalamic (p=0.03) and cerebellar ICH (p=0.04). Moreover, a lower ratio between the total hemorrhage volume and intraventricular CSF volume (p=0.007), a higher IVH distribution in the third ventricle and an acute hydrocephalus (p<0.001) with an increased intraventricular CSF volume (p<0.001) were associated with shunt dependency. Our ROC model demonstrated a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 65% to predict the necessity for a shunt at a cutoff-value of 1.9 with an AUC of 0.835.
CONCLUSIONS Volumetric analysis of ICH, IVH and intraventricular CSF may improve the prediction of CSF shunt implantation in patients with spontaneous ICH.
Factors contributing to the mental wellbeing of community-dwelling older adults: A qualitative study from the Vancouver West End
Authors: Riadi Indira , Kervin Lucy , Dhillon Sandeep , Hopper Shawna , Aguda Vernie , Cosco Theodore D. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
For the first time in Canada, the population of people over the age of 65 exceeds those under 15 years old. With the aging of our population, there is a growing urgency to improve the mental wellbeing of the older adult population in Canada. It is important to understand the factors that affect the mental wellbeing of the diverse population of older adults to create interventions or services that will best address their unique needs.
Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with older adults from the Downtown West End of Vancouver, a highly diverse neighbourhood with various sub-populations that experience marginalization, to explore factors that contribute to their mental wellbeing. Four main topics were discussed: (a) perceived (self-reported) mental health, (b) contributors to good mental health, (c) access to mental health services, and (d) future mental health interventions.
Results
Our findings generated four overarching themes that contribute to the mental wellbeing of the population: 1) having a sense of stability over personal circumstances, 2) being able to do, 3) positively impacting others, and 4) feeling a sense of belonging.
Conclusion
The themes that were captured in this study can allow community-based and health organisations to build interventions or services that target the mental health concerns of diverse CDOA in Canada and beyond. Additionally, the results can be used to aid future researchers in developing interventions and services that put the mental health needs of older adults at the center of creation and design.
Mastery and demand analysis of auxiliary examination results interpretation by general practitioners
Authors: Liu Juanjuan , Ren Jingjing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The interpretation of auxiliary examination results is an important link in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of general practitioners. The purpose of this study was to investigate general practitioners' mastery and demand of auxiliary examination results interpretation.
Methods：A self-designed online questionnaire was conducted among general practitioners. The content includes basic information, the mastery of the interpretation of auxiliary examination results, the demand for the interpretation of auxiliary examination results in clinical work, and the demand for the teaching of auxiliary examination results interpretation.
Results: A total of 400 general practitioners were involved in the survey, with an average age of 35.5±8.9 years, of which 33.75% were male. The top three results of auxiliary examinations with good mastery are ECG (266,66.5%), X-ray (259,64.75%) and Ultrasound Diagnosis (230,57.5%)；Among 400 general practitioners, 397 general practitioners believed that it was necessary to master the interpretation skills of auxiliary examination results, the top three interpretation of auxiliary examination results that the general practitioner thought highly necessary are ECG (322,80.7%), X-ray (308,77.19%) and Ultrasound Diagnosis (289,72.43%). The most desired interpretation of training inspection results order is:ECG (272,68.17%), CT examination(269,67.42%) and Ultrasound Diagnosis (289,72.43%).The most desired further clinical treatment order is:ECG (377,94.25%), CT examination(374,93.5%) and X-ray inspection 374,93.5%).
Conclusions: The interpretation of auxiliary examination results is a necessary skill for general practitioners(GPs) to independently undertake general medical work. We hope to provide reference for the training of general practitioners in the interpretation of auxiliary examination results, help GPs better master interpretation skills of auxiliary examination results, and cultivate more excellent general practitioners for the grassroots.
Impact of Climate Variability on Rice Productivity in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Hikmatyar , Ali Shahid , Gul Farhana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Climate change is currently the most significant concern on the planet. This study examined the impacts of climate change on rice yield across rice growing agro-ecological zones in four districts (Swat from zone A, Mansehra from zone B, Mardan from zone C, and D.I. Khan from zone D) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan based on the availability of data regarding rice production and meteorological variables. This study covered 33 years (1986–2018) data. Panel unit root tests of LLC and IPS suggested that all variable included in the model were stationary. Durbin Wu Hausman test favored fixed effect model as compared to random effect model. Diagnosis of fixed effect model results showed that it was plagued with problems of cross-sectional dependency, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. Final findings were estimated using Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) model to overcome the problems in fixed effect model. Results revealed that area under crop has a positive and significant effect on rice yield. Estimated critical temperature for maximum yield of rice was 34.48 ºC in sowing stages, 35.85 ºC in vegetative stages, and 29.43 ºC in maturity stages and Rainfall in vegetative stages was 152 mm. It is concluded that rice yield showed a decline when temperature and rainfall exceed the critical levels. Government needs to use afforestation and other appropriate measures to keep the temperature from rising in these three zones. Extension department needs to provide information to rice growers for adaptation strategies to climate change.
The Prognostic Study of Mental Stress-induced Myocardial Ischemia in Coronary Revascularization Patients with Depression/Anxiety: Rationale and Design
Authors: Nan Nan , Feng Lei , Dong Wei , Gao Bingyu , Zuo Huijuan , Mi Hongzhi , Wang Gang , Song Xiantao , Zhang Hongjia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Mental stress induced-myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) frequently occurs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and is even more common in patients with co-occurring CAD and depression/anxiety. MSIMI appears to be a poor prognostic factor for CAD, but existing data on depression/anxiety patients are limited.
Methods: This cohort study will consecutively enroll 360 CAD patients between 2023 and 2025. Included subjects will need to have received coronary revascularization and also have depression and/or anxiety at baseline. Two mental stress tests will be carried out in each patient at 1 month and 1 year timelines after coronary revascularization, using Stroop color word tests. MSIMI will be assessed by 99m-Tc-sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging. The endothelial function will be assessed by EndoPAT. Furthermore, we will dynamically monitor patients' health and mental conditions every 3 months. The mean follow-up time will be 1 year. The primary endpoint is the major adverse cardiac events, a composite of all-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or unplanned revascularization. Secondary endpoints will include overall health and mental conditions. The reproducibility of mental stress combined with myocardial perfusion for detecting MSIMI and comparisons between coronary stenosis and ischemic segments will also be included.
Conclusions: This cohort study will provide information on MSIMI outcomes in CAD patients who also have comorbid depression/anxiety after revascularization. In addition, understanding the long-term dynamics of MSIMI and the match between coronary stenosis and ischemia will provide insight into MSIMI mechanisms.
Trail Registration: ChiCTR2200055792, 2022.1.20, www.medresman.org.cn;
Post-occupancy Evaluation of New University Campuses In Multi-subject Perspective: A Case Study of Two New Universities in Qingdao, China
Authors: Lyu Zixuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
New university campuses are emerging in China as a result of the state's increased focus on higher education and its ardent promotion of the university expansion policy, and as a result, the problems with current university campus planning are becoming more and more obvious while still meeting social development demands. This paper establishes a post-occupancy evaluation system for university campus planning by summarizing the key issues and important aspects of new university campus planning from four dimensions of function, form, economy, and time based on hierarchical analysis. This system is based on the historical development of university campus planning, architectural planning, and post-occupancy evaluation, as well as the results of relevant domestic and foreign research. The composition of various subjects engaged in the planning of the university campus was determined from the viewpoint of several subjects, together with the weight of each subject, and a corresponding questionnaire was created. Then, two typical new university campuses in Qingdao, China, were chosen for research and post-use evaluation on their current planning status for university campuses as well as an analysis of the campus's current state and any issues that may be present.
Epigenetic Conservation Infers That Colorectal Cancer Progenitors Retain The Phenotypic Plasticity Of Normal Colon
Authors: Street Kelly , Siegmund Kimberly , Shibata Darryl 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Plasticity, or the ability to rapidly and reversibly change phenotypes, may help explain how a single progenitor cell eventually generates a tumor with many different cell phenotypes. We developed a quantitative signal of plasticity that correlates epigenetic gene conservation with single cell expression variability to see if normal colon crypt plasticity is retained during tumorigenesis. The question is whether more variably expressed genes have more, or less epigenetic variation. In normal colon crypts, greater epigenetic conservation was present in more variably expressed genes, consistent with plasticity where the epigenome is conserved and broadly permissive, and expression is determined by the microenvironment and not by epigenetic remodeling. Consistent with retention of this plasticity, more variably expressed genes were even more conserved in 4 adenomas and 17 cancers. Epigenetic configurations permissive for variable gene expression are present at the start of growth. A progenitor that starts with plasticity can readily generate, as needed, progeny with many phenotypes and is poised for rapid growth.
Sitagliptin or Hesperidin Mitivates Cyclosporine-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis
Authors: Abdel-Reheim Mustafa Ahmed , Makram Sohayla Mahmoud , Shehata Basim Anwar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and aims: Immunosuppressive medication Cyclosporine A (CsA) is frequently used during organ transplantation. Additionally, rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases have been treated with CsA. But it causes nephrotoxicity. Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults. It is very effective. Citrus fruits contain the flavonone hesperidin, which is highly effective in treating a number of cardiovascular disorders. The study's goal was to clarify how sitagliptin or hesperidin prevented CsA's nephrotoxic effects.
Main methods: This study was done on 36 rats. The experimental design was designed into 6 groups that includes Group І (normal control): Rats received vehicle only for 14 days. Group ІІ: Rats injected with a single daily i.p 20 mg/kg/day dosage CsA for the last 7 consecutive days. Group ІІІ: Sitagliptin was administered orally to rats once daily for 14 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Group ІV: Rats received both CsA and sitagliptin treatments as previously indicated. Sitagliptin was administered 7 days before and 7 days after CsA that was administrated last 7 days. Group V: For 14 days straight, rats were given a single 200 mg/kg oral dosage of hesperidin formulated in distal water by oral gavage and Group VІ: Rats received both CsA and hesperdin treatments as previously indicated. Blood and kidneys were taken on day 15. In addition to a histological analysis, markers of renal function, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were measured.
Results: Interestingly, sitagliptin or hesperidin attenuated CsA-mediated elevations of creatinine, Cystatin-C, glucose, MDA and MPO, while inhibiting CsA-induced decreases in albumin, catalase and GSH. Immunogenic assay of Nrf-2 and BAX and determination of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and western plot analysis among different groups also confirmed the safeguarding impact of sitagliptin or hesperidin on CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. Further confirmation of the reno-protective milieu provided by sitagliptin or hesperidin came from histological investigation.
Conclusion: our findings suggested that sitagliptin or hesperidin treatment along with CsA lowers CsA's nephrotoxicity, possibly acting by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
Ferroelectric and negative piezoelectric properties in oxyhydroxide monolayers γ-XOOH (X = Al, Ga, and In)
Authors: Cheng Xuli , Xu Shaowen , Liu Chao , Cui Yaning , Ouyang Wenbin , Jia Fanhao , Wu Wei , Ren Wei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials with coexisting ferroelasticity (FA) and ferroelectricity (FE) have potential applications in high-density data storage and sonar detectors. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we predict a series of stable 2D FA-FE multiferroic structures, namely γ-XOOH (X = Al, Ga, and In) monolayers. By analyzing the lattice symmetry and orientational distribution of hydroxyls, we find that XOOH monolayers possess both in-plane ferroelastic and ferroelectric polarization, as well as antiferroelectric ordering caused by the anti-parallel alignment of hydroxyls. Interestingly, the perpendicular reorientation of in-plane FE polarization accompanies 90° ferroelastic switching. Besides, they show an unusual negative transverse piezoelectric effect originated from the clamping-ion term. The multiferroic properties of the XOOH monolayers provide an excellent platform to study electroelastic effects.
Novel Metabolic Prognostic Score for Predicting Survival in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Shi Jinyu , Liu Chenan , Xie Hailun , Hu Chunlei , Lin Shiqi , Zheng Xin , Ge Yizhong , Chen Yue , Ruan Guotian , Zhang Heyang , Song Mengmeng , Liu Tong , Zhang Xiaowei , Yang Ming , Liu Xiaoyue , Zhang Qi , Deng Li , Shi Hanping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a fatal disease with a high global prevalence and is associated with an increased incidence of metabolic disorders. This study aimed to develop a novel metabolic prognostic system to evaluate the overall metabolic-disorder burden in cancer patients and its relationship with their prognosis.
Methods:
The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was used to screen for indicators of metabolic disorders. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent association between indicators of metabolic disorders and mortality in patients. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate the survival of patients with varying burdens of metabolic disorders. Finally, nomogram prognostic models and corresponding calculators were constructed and evaluated using the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curves.
Results:
Five of the 19 hematological indexes, including hemoglobin, neutrophils, direct bilirubin, albumin, and globulin, were selected as the evaluation indicators of metabolic disorder burden and independent risk factors for prognosis in cancer patients. Patients with a higher metabolic disorderburden had poorer survival rates. The AUC of the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival of the prognostic nomogram was 0.678, 0.664, and 0.650, respectively. DCA and calibration curves indicated that the clinical benefit rate of metabolic-disorder burden prognostic markers was high.
Conclusions:
Patients with a higher metabolic-disorder burden had poorer survival rates. The nomogram and corresponding calculator can accurately evaluate the metabolic-disorderburden and predict the prognosis of patients with cancer.
Controlling the magnetic state of the proximate quantum spin liquid α-RuCl3 with an optical cavity
Authors: Boström Emil Vinas , Sri Adithya , Claassen Martin , Rubio Angel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Harnessing the enhanced light-matter coupling and quantum vacuum fluctuations resulting from mode volume compression in optical cavities is a promising route towards functionalizing quantum materials and realizing exotic states of matter. Here, we extend cavity quantum electrodynamical materials engineering to correlated magnetic systems, by demonstrating that a Fabry-Perot cavity can be used to control the magnetic state of the proximate quantum spin liquid α-RuCl3. Depending on specific cavity properties such as the mode frequency, photon occupation, and strength of the light-matter coupling, any of the magnetic phases supported by the extended Kitaev model can be stabilized. In particular, in the THz regime, we show that the cavity vacuum fluctuations alone are sufficient to bring α-RuCl3 from a zigzag antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic state. By external pumping of the cavity in the few photon limit, it is further possible to push the system into the antiferromagnetic Kitaev quantum spin liquid state.
Observational study on the application of remazolam toluenesulfonate and propofol in abortion
Authors: WU Xiaowen , HU Nianci , LIU Weihua , Yang Jingwen , LIN JIN 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Anesthetic effects of remazolam and propofol have never been compared in induced abortion. This study aimed to compare their safety and efficacy.
Methods
Sixty-two patients who underwent painless abortion in our hospital were randomly divided into two equal groups: remazolam tosylate(0.26 mg/kg; 1.3 ED50) + fentanyl ( 1 μg/kg) (RF group) or intravenous propofol(2 mg/kg) + fentanyl ( 1 μg/kg) (PF group). Additional rescue sedation with propofol ( 1 mg/kg) was administered based on body movement and operation duration. The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation, Narcotrend Index, Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) score, awakening time, remedial sedation, and adverse reactions were compared between groups at eight time points:upon operating room entry (T0), 1 min post-fentanyl and post-remifentanil/propofol administration (T1,T2), upon initiation of the operation (T3), 3 and 5 min post-operation (T4,T5), at the end of operation (T6), and upon awakening (T7).
Results
Large circulatory fluctuations were observed in the PF group; the MAP decreased significantly, as did the HR at T0 compared with T4 (P<0.05). Based on the Narcotrend Index values assessed over time, both groups reached clinical sedation, with significantly lower values at T2, T3, and T4 than at T0 (P<0.05). The Narcotrend Index in the PF group was significantly lower than that in the RF group at T2, T3, and T4 (P<0.05). Within each group, the MOAA/S scores were significantly lower at T2 and T3 (P<0.05).
Conclusion
Remazolam tosylate is more efficacious and induces fewer adverse reactions than propofol in painless abortion.
Modelling and predicting fat deposition rates in various South African sheep crosses using ultrasound technology
Authors: Theron Pieter Gert , Brand Tertius Swanepoel , Cloete S.W.P. , Zyl J.H.C van 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Producers require an accurate predictive tool that can determine the optimal point of slaughter based on fat depth. The modelling of fat deposition with a simple mathematical model could supply in this need. Dohne Merino and Merino ewes were crossed with Dorper, Dormer and Ile de France rams and the crossbred offspring reared under optimal growth circumstances until one year of age. Fat deposition of lambs of both sexes were monitored from 80–360 days using ultrasound and the data subsequently fitted to various equations and evaluated for goodness of fit. A linear fitting of fat depth to age (R2 > 0.77) and live weight (R2 > 0.56) were deemed to provide the best fit. The slope parameters of the equations indicated that ewes deposited fat faster than rams and that Dorper crosses had the highest fat deposition rate. An attempt was also made to model loin muscle growth, but the model fit was adjudged to be unsatisfactory.