bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of augmented reality shopping adoption for high-involvement products in South Africa
Authors: Ngobeni Kate M. , Makhitha Khathutshelo M. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Online shopping has revolutionised the way we buy products, providing convenience and accessibility. However, one of the challenges of online shopping has been the inability to physically try products before making a purchase. This limitation led to the emergence of online augmented reality (AR) shopping, a technology-driven solution that has transformed the online retail experience, especially for expensive products that require extensive search. Despite the potential that AR technology has exhibited, the retail sector has not yet fully embraced it and research on its impact on consumer behaviour is still in its early stages.Objectives: The study sought to establish the driving factors influencing consumers’ adoption of online AR shopping for high-involvement products.Method: A quantitative method was used to analyse specific relationships between variables, to address knowledge gaps in this context.Results: According to the results, perceived usefulness, optimism and trialability are significant driving factors that influence consumers’ adoption of AR shopping when purchasing high-involvement products.Conclusion: Gaining a greater understanding of consumers’ perception of online AR in the retail industry is critical for business success to create an enhanced and immersive retail experience.Contribution: These results make an important academic contribution by increasing the theoretical understanding of consumer adoption. The findings of this study may assist marketing practitioners in overcoming the challenges faced when migrating consumers from purchasing high-involvement products at traditional brick-and-mortar stores to online shopping platforms.
Accidental Infratemporal Displacement of Maxillary Third Molar during Impaction - A Case Report
Authors: Balaji S. M. , Balaji Preetha , Priyanka Vinodhini 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Rationale:
There are very limited literature on successful removal of displaced maxillary third molar (MTM) into the infratemporal fossa (ITF) after a surgical misadventure. A corrective surgery of one such case, including the pre-operative planning, has been presented in this case report.

Patient Concerns:
A 43-year-old male presented with a displaced right MTM following an attempted extraction elsewhere approximately 20 days ago.

Diagnosis:
Imaging revealed the tooth in the ITF, behind the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus with the resultant diagnosis of iatrogenic displacement of MTM into the ITF during attempted removal.

Treatment:
The patient underwent successful removal of the displaced tooth under general anaesthesia after proper planning.

Outcomes:
Displaced MTM was removed, and healing was uneventful with pain management and antibiotics.

Take-away Lessons:
This case highlights the need for careful surgical technique during MTM removal and contributes to the limited literature on managing such complications.
Clinical Aspects of Oral Cancer and Potentially Malignant Disorders with Special Relevance to South Asia
Authors: Jayasinghe Ruwan Duminda , Siriwardena B.S.M.S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Early identification of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) is utmost important to minimise oral cancer incidence as most oral cancers develop from OPMDs. Leucoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) are the most common OPMDs encountered. Erythroplakia is rare but is more serious as it has a very high malignant transformation rate. Clinical presentation of OPMDs can vary according to the type of the disorder as well as with the aetiological agents. OSMF is much prevalent in South and South Asian countries whereas leucoplakia is prevalent all over the world but with differences in clinical presentation. Identification of OPMD with clinical features at its early change is challenging and may require histopathology through a biopsy for confirmation. This review provides clinical descriptions of the wide range of OPMDs encountered in the oral cavity with emphasis on changes in clinical presentation in different populations.
Determination of Sex from Morphometry of Sternum Using Multidetector Computed Tomography in Central Indian Population
Authors: Sravan J. S. , Arora Arneet , Yadav Jayanthi , Vidua Raghvendra Kumar , Gayathri B. H. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Autopsies often require determining the sex of unidentified corpses, particularly in cases of decomposition, mutilation, or mass disasters. Sternal bone measurements can be used in establishing the sex of unidentified corpses where the body is in advanced stages of putrefaction or in a mutilated condition.

Aim:
This study focuses on the sternum, a robust bone aiding in anthropological sex and age determination, trying to provide precise data for sex identification in decomposed or mutilated bodies, and using digital imaging to eliminate subjectivity in manual autopsy measurements.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional discriminant study done by analyzing 250 adult computed tomography (CT) scans, excluding those under 25 or over 80 and with sternal trauma or deformities. The study visually assessed normal thoracic skeletal anatomy in the CT chest. DICOM viewers obtained three-dimensional sternum images for measurements, and statistical analysis was done with SPSS software.

Results:
Mean measurements, except the sternal index, were significantly higher in males. Mesosternal length showed the highest predictive power (females [73.4%] and males [76.2%]). Combining multiple parameters increased accuracy (females [75%], males [82.5%]).

Conclusion:
This study thus concludes that sternal bone imaging is a valuable tool for sex determination. The seven parameters analyzed exhibit sexual dimorphism, with mesosternal length being the most accurate. These findings aid future sex determination in mass fatality incidents, explosions, or advanced decomposition. Importantly, this research provides specific data for the Indian population, addressing the need for diverse reference values.
Comparison of Single-Staged and Staged Repair of Proximal Hypospadias among Children Attending a Tertiary Care Center of Northern India: A Retro-prospective Analysis
Authors: Gupta Survesh Kumar , Singh Sudhir , Pant Nitin , Rawat Jiledar , Wakhlu Ashish 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation, with proximal hypospadias occurring in 20% of cases and having a higher incidence of complications than distal hypospadias. Surgical reconstruction varies between single-stage and multi-stage procedures, with no consensus on the optimal approach.

Objectives:
This study aimed to compare the outcomes of single-stage and staged repairs for proximal hypospadias in a lower middle-income country, focusing on complications, operative time, patient satisfaction, and overall surgical success.

Materials and Methods:
An ambispective observational study was conducted at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, from May 2014 to February 2020. Sixty patients with proximal penile hypospadias and chordee were selected (29 from previous medical records and 31 were enrolled prospectively) and divided into two groups of 30 each: single-stage reconstruction and staged repair. Data on demographics, follow-up duration, complications, reoperations, and satisfaction were collected. The Hypospadias Objective Scoring Evaluation (HOSE) system as well as cosmesis was used to assess outcomes at 6-week follow-up.

Results:
The mean age was 3.8 years for single-stage and 4.5 years for staged repair, with no significant age difference (P = 0.725). The mean operating time was 90 min for single-stage and 210 min for staged repair. Complication rates, including meatal stenosis and urethral stricture, showed no significant differences. However, graft rejection occurred in four staged repair cases (P = 0.112). The staged repair group had higher reoperation rates (26.67% vs. 13.33%, P = 0.062) and longer hospital stays (26.47 vs. 13.87 days, P = 0.0001). Staged repair achieved better slit-like meatus shapes (83.3% vs. 60%, P = 0.021) and higher satisfaction with residual skin (P = 0.004). HOSE scores showed significant advantages for staged repair in the urinary stream (P = 0.048) and erection outcomes (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Staged repair showed better cosmetic outcomes and satisfaction in specific areas but required more operative time and hospital stay. Single-stage reconstruction was more cost-effective and had fewer reoperations. The choice of procedure should consider patient-specific factors and resource availability.
Carcinoma colon masquerading as bleeding per vagina
Authors: Muralee Madhu , Srinidhi M , Bharath V M , Sivanandan C D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Isolated vaginal metastasis from colorectal cancer is a rare entity with very few reports in the literature. Here we report a patient who presented with bleeding per vagina from a vaginal mucosal lesion. Biopsy of the vaginal lesion indicated a metastatic adenocarcinoma from a colorectal primary. Further workup of the patient with colonoscopy and Positron emission tomography (PET CT) indicated a primary in the sigmoid colon. As the patient had a single site of metastasis, she was planned for definitive management. The colonic primary, as well as the vaginal deposit were managed surgically. Further, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy as well as adjuvant external beam radiation to the site of the vaginal lesion. Vaginal metastases from colorectal primary are usually part of systemic dissemination with multiple metastatic sites and hence has poor prognosis. When the patient presents with an isolated metastasis in the vagina., the survival appears reasonable as per the few reports available in the literature. Due to the rarity of the presentation, there are no standard treatment guidelines available. Surgical management, radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy have been used in varying combinations in the reports available in the literature. To conclude, vaginal metastasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with vaginal bleeding, especially with a history of colorectal carcinoma. Available limited evidence suggests that isolated vaginal metastasis from colorectal cancer that is amenable to local surgical resection has a reasonable outcome. Hence, isolated vaginal metastasis should be treated with curative intent in a multidisciplinary context like other sites of oligometastatic disease.
Comparison of the effect of multidrug and single-drug adjuvant chemotherapy on the 5-year survival outcome of high-risk stage II colon cancer
Authors: Song Dandan , Chen Minyuan , Meng Ziqi , Zhu Limei , Liu Jieyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
To explore the effect of multidrug and single-drug adjuvant chemotherapy on the 5-year survival outcome of high-risk stage II colon cancer.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 103 high-risk stage II colon cancer patients admitted to our hospital from June 2016 to December 2017. The data was recorded using different drug adjuvant chemotherapy methods, and the subjects were divided into a multidrug group (n = 52) and a single-drug group (n = 51). The general data of the two groups, including gender, age, tumor location, clinical T stage, and metastatic site, were collected. The propensity score matching method was used to balance the baseline data between the two groups, and the confounding factors were balanced in the two groups. After matching, 29 cases were selected from each group. Follow-up for 5 years, t-test, Chi-square test, and analysis of variance were used to compare the 5-year survival outcome, tumor marker level, quality of life, adjuvant chemotherapy effect, and adverse reaction occurrence of the two groups after matching.

Results:
The 5-year survival rate of the single-drug group was significantly lower than that of the multidrug group (51.72% versus 79.31%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), B-lymphocyte tumor-2 gene (Bcl-2), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and quality of life score before chemotherapy between the two groups (P > 0.05). After chemotherapy, the levels of tumor markers in both groups decreased, and the level of tumor markers in the multidrug group was significantly lower than that of the single-drug group (P < 0.05). The quality of life score in the multidrug group was higher than that in the single-drug group after chemotherapy, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After adjuvant chemotherapy, there was no significant difference in the overall response rate between the multidrug group and the single-drug group (37.93% versus 51.72%), but the disease control rate in the multidrug chemotherapy group was higher than that in the single-drug chemotherapy group (86.21% versus 62.07%). The incidence of adverse reactions in the multidrug group was not significantly different from that in the single-drug group (17.24% versus 24.14%).

Conclusion:
Compared with single-drug adjuvant chemotherapy, patients treated with multidrug adjuvant chemotherapy have better 5-year survival outcomes, lower levels of tumor markers in the body, better adverse reaction occurrence, and overall better efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy than the single-drug group. The quality of life of patients has been significantly improved, and it is recommended for widespread application.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in the serum of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients as a marker to select patients for targeted therapy
Authors: Mohan Anant , Ansari Ashraf , Masroor Mirza , Saxena Alpana , Pandey Ravinder. M. , Upadhyay Ashish , Luthra Kalpana , Khilnani Gopi. C , Jain Deepali , Kumar Rakesh , Guleria Randeep 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
The utility of serum as a specimen for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation detection and to select patients most likely to benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is unclear.

Methods:
EGFR mutations (exons 19, 20, 21) were determined in the serum (n = 247) and tissue (n = 170) of treatment-naïve adenocarcinoma patients using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) technique. The prognostic value of EGFR in serum was evaluated following treatment based on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results:
EGFR mutations in exon 19 and/or exon 21 were detected in 79/247 (31.9%) patients in serum and 52/170 (30.6%) patients in tissue. The presence of EGFR mutations in serum or tissue was significantly associated with OS, and the presence of EGFR mutations in serum, but not in tissue, showed a significant association with longer PFS. In patients who received gefitinib, those who were mutation positive in tissue or serum had a significantly better OS and PFS compared with mutation-negative patients. The OS and PFS of patients with detectable EGFR mutations both in serum and in tissue were significantly better than in patients without mutations in either specimen. Patients with mutations in both serum and tissue had a 70% lower risk of overall mortality and 46% lower risk of disease progression compared to patients with mutations only in tissue but not in the serum.

Conclusion:
Serum EGFR detection demonstrates good prognostic value for the response after treatment in advanced non–small cell lung cancer and may be a promising specimen for liquid biopsy for selecting patients most likely to benefit from TKI therapy.
Worst pattern of invasion in oral squamous cell carcinomas: Assessing the prognosis of malignancy from its invasive front
Authors: Jadhav Toyaja M. , Malik Ajay , Shelly Divya , Kashif Ahmed Waheed , Sahu Rajesh , Gupta Samir , Tyagi Arvind K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the commonest malignancies worldwide and in India. Its prognosis can be determined by various clinicopathological parameters, an important one being the worst pattern of invasion (WPOI). The present study was undertaken to assess the prognostic value of WPOI and its correlation with other prognostic parameters in determining the outcome of OSCC, correlation of these parameters with the clinical outcome, and to verify the histological risk assessment score (HRS) proposed by Brandwein-Gensler et al. in 2005.

Methods and Material:
In this retrospective descriptive study, 194 cases of OSCC were evaluated with at least two years of follow-up data, histopathologically for their WPOI, depth of invasion (DOI), perineural invasion (PNI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and lymph node metastasis with extranodal extension along with clinical outcome in the form of locoregional recurrence (LRR) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Cases were also categorized as high risk, intermediate risk, and low risk based on their WPOI and the HRS. These features were statistically correlated with WPOI and compared with the patient clinical outcome.

Results:
Statistically significant association was noted between WPOI and sex, histological grade, tumor and nodal stage, DOI and site of recurrence. Although no statistically significant correlation was seen between WPOI and the clinical outcomes, WPOI showed a statistically significant correlation with HRS. Also, HRS showed a significant correlation with DSS.

Conclusions:
WPOI, histological grade, DOI, LHR, PNI, LVI and tumor and nodal stage can be entrusted to assess the prognosis of OSCC. Of these, WPOI is the single most reliable marker for assessing the HRS-based risk status of OSCC. This study validates the HRS proposed by Brandwein-Gensler et al.
Tumor budding in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type and its correlation with known histopathological prognostic factors: A retrospective study
Authors: Radhakrishnan N , Mathews A , Bhargavan R , Raghavan RK , George PS , Kattoor J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context:
Tumor budding (TB) has been extensively studied and proposed as an independent prognostic factor in carcinoma colon. The International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) suggested strict criteria for the classification and grading of tumor buds.

Aims:
Our study aims to grade tumor buds according to the ITBCC criteria and assess its association with the known histomorphological prognostic factors in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, 122 cases from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2019, were assessed. Intratumoral and peritumoral buds were graded as Grades 1, 2, or 3. The correlation of each grade of TB with tumor morphology patterns and known histological prognostic features was statistically assessed. A P value < 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:
Grade 3 TB had a significant association with lymphovascular emboli, infiltrative tumor borders, desmoplastic/sclerotic tumor stroma, poorly differentiated carcinoma clusters, perineural invasion, lobular pattern of morphology, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positive status (P < 0.05). Peritumoral budding Grades 2 and 3 together had a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis. On multivariate analysis, infiltrative tumor margins and intratumoral budding had a significant association with lymphovascular emboli independent of all the other poor prognostic factors.

Conclusions:
TB in breast can be graded according to the ITBCC criteria suggested for the colon. A higher grade of TB has a significant correlation with the metastatic potential (lymphovascular emboli and lymph node metastasis) and can be included as an independent prognostic marker of breast cancer as seen in our study.
Evaluation of serum vascular cell adhesion marker-1 in β- thalassemia major patients
Authors: Al-Sarai Nuha Abd Ali , Al-Mudallal Subh Salim , Najm Rana Rai’d 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Defects in the production of one or more hemoglobin chains result in a set of hereditary hematologic illnesses known as thalassemias. Alpha and β-thalassemia are the two primary thalassemia classifications. The pathophysiology of β-thalassemia is significantly influenced by endothelial activation markers, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), which have been found to be higher in both transfusion-dependent and nontransfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. These markers have been suggested for the follow-up of vascular disease in this patient group.

OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of soluble VCAM-1 in β-thalassemia major patients and to correlate its level with the clinical parameters.

PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This case–control study was enrolled on 40 patients with β-thalassemia major. They were collected from Thalassemia Center of Babylon Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital, from December 28, 2022, to March 30, 2023. Twenty of them were splenectomized, others were not. Another 40 apparently healthy individuals with no family history of thalassemia or other hemoglobinopathy were enrolled in this study as controls. The samples were collected to assay the human VCAM-1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the biotin double antibody sandwich technology.

RESULTS:
Among 80 subjects, age and body mass index were similar across groups. There are differences in complete blood count (CBC) parameters between thalassemic and control groups. Thalassemic patients displayed notably higher levels of VCAM-1 and ferritin compared to controls and in splenectomized patients than nonsplenectomized patients. There is a high significant correlation exists between VCAM-1 and ferritin, VCAM-1 and various CBC parameters.

CONCLUSIONS:
There are higher levels of VCAM-1 in β-thalassemia major patients compared to the control and in splenectomized compared to non-splenectomized patients which usually associated with disease complications, furthermore it reflect endothelial activation and dysfunction.
Pulmonary embolism revealing coarctation of the aorta complicated by aneurysm in a 58-year-old patient: a case report
Authors: Martin Nacanabo Wendlassida , André Taryètba , Wendlassida Segda , Sawadogo Léa Françoise , Koudnoaga Samadoulougou André 
Published: January 2025

Coarctation of the aorta (CAo) is defined as a narrowing of the thoracic aorta, usually located at the aortic arch and generally discovered in childhood. We report a case of incidental finding of coarctation of the aorta in a patient presenting with pulmonary embolism. The Burkinabe patient was 58 years old and had been suffering from irregular hypertension for 10 years. She was admitted with right basithoracic pain of abrupt onset, moderate intensity and no radiation. Clinical examination on admission revealed grade III arterial hypertension and an athletic thorax. Paraclinical examinations led to the diagnosis of a relative hypertensive emergency associated with pulmonary embolism on a coarctation site. The patient was treated with calcium channel blockers (Nicardipine) and alpha blockers (Eupressyl) by electric syringe pump, and curative low-molecular-weight heparin (Enoxaparin). After one week, the patient's blood pressure returned to normal, and her chest pain and dyspnea disappeared. She was discharged without curing her coarctation, due to insufficient technical resources. Coarctation of the aorta is an uncommon pathology in children. This case study shows that coarctation of the aorta can progress insidiously into adulthood.
Received: April 3rd, 2024
Accepted: October 13th, 2024
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aamed.v18i1.15