bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact allergy to ingredients of hair cosmetics in female hairdressers and female consumers—An update based on IVDK data 2013–2020
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , Hallmann Sarah , Gefeller Olaf , Brans Richard , Symanzik Cara , Oppel Eva , Lang Claudia , Kränke Birger , Treudler Regina , Geier Johannes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHair cosmetic products contain several, partly potent contact allergens, including excipients like preservatives. Hand dermatitis in hairdressers is common, scalp and face dermatitis in clients or self‐users (summarised here as ‘consumers’) may be severe.ObjectiveTo compare frequencies of sensitization to hair cosmetic ingredients and other selected allergens between female patch tested patients working as hairdressers and consumers without professional background, respectively, who were tested for suspected allergic contact dermatitis to such products.MethodsPatch test and clinical data collected by the IVDK (https://www.ivdk.org) between 01/2013 and 12/2020 were descriptively analysed, focusing on age‐adjusted sensitization prevalences in the two subgroups.ResultsAmongst the 920 hairdressers (median age: 28 years, 84% hand dermatitis) and 2321 consumers (median age: 49 years, 71.8% head/face dermatitis), sensitization to p‐phenylenediamine (age‐standardised prevalence: 19.7% and 31.6%, respectively) and toluene‐2,5‐diamine (20 and 30.8%) were most common. Contact allergy to other oxidative hair dye ingredients was also more commonly diagnosed in consumers, whereas ammonium persulphate (14.4% vs. 2.3%) and glyceryl thioglycolate (3.9 vs. 1.2%) as well as most notably methylisothiazolinone (10.5% vs. 3.1%) were more frequent allergens in hairdressers.ConclusionsHair dyes were the most frequent sensitizers both in hairdressers and in consumers; however, as indication for patch testing may differ, prevalences cannot directly be compared. The importance of hair dye allergy is evident, often with marked coupled reactivity. Workplace and product safety need to be further improved.
Discrimination and dental students: What is the reality in Brazilian institutions?
Authors: Sartori Letícia Regina Morello , Henzel Larissa Tavares , Chisini Luiz Alexandre , de Oliveira Luísa Jardim Corrêa , Sabóia Vicente de Paulo Aragão , Correa Marcos Britto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate whether there is discrimination in the dental educational environment, assess the main reasons for the discriminatory events, and if there is an association between discriminatory episodes and sociodemographic characteristics of undergraduate dental students.Materials and MethodsThis observational cross‐sectional study was conducted with a self‐administered questionnaire to students enrolled in three Brazilian dental schools. Questions included sociodemographic characteristics and the occurrence of discriminatory episodes in the dental academic environment. Descriptive analysis was performed in RStudio 1.3 (R Core Team, RStudio, Inc., Boston, USA) software and the associations were tested using Pearson's chi‐square test, considering 95% confidence intervals.ResultsA total of 732 dental students were included, with a response rate of 70.2%. The vast majority of students were female (66.9%), with white/yellow skin colour (67.9%), and with a mean age of 22.6 (SD 4.1) years. Sixth‐eight percent of students reported having experienced some discrimination in the academic environment and most reported feeling uncomfortable with the episode. The main reasons to have been discriminated against raised by students were specific behaviour/habit, have specific moral, ethical, and aesthetic values, gender, and socioeconomic status or social class. The occurrence of discriminatory episodes was associated with female gender (p = .05), non‐heterosexual sexual orientation (p < .001), studying in public institutions (p < .001), receiving an institutional scholarship (p = .018), and being in the final undergraduate cycle (p < .001).ConclusionThe occurrence of discriminatory episodes was common in Brazilian dental higher education. Discriminatory situations generate traumas and psychological marks, causing a loss of diversity within the academic environment that leads to loss of productivity, creativity, and innovation. Thus, strong institutional policies against discrimination are crucial to create a healthy dental academic environment.
The effect of medical grade honey on tensile strength, strain, and Young's modulus of synthetic absorbable suture material used in equine surgery
Authors: Madsen Kira , Martens Ann , Haspeslagh Maarten , Meulyzer Michael , Gustafsson Kajsa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedical grade honey (MGH) has been introduced as a protective measure against surgical site infections in equine surgery, but the effect on suture material has not been investigated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of MGH on the tensile properties of three synthetic absorbable suture materials.Study DesignIn vitro experiments.MethodsTen strands of Polydioxanone USP 2 (PD2), Polyglactin 910 USP 2 (PG2) and Polyglecaprone USP 2‐0 (PC2‐0) were incubated 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in MGH, phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), equine plasma (EP) and MGH mixed with equine plasma (HP). Mechanical testing was performed recording maximum load at failure (N), strain at failure and Young's modulus (N/mm2). The results were reported from a Welch or regular ANOVA.ResultsPD2 in MGH had a significantly higher tensile strength compared to PD2 in EP (p < 0.05, mean difference (md) = 16.95 N, CI95% (9.19–24.70 N)) and PBS (p < 0.05, md = 14.48 N CI95% (6.73–22.23 N)) on day 7 and the remaining time points. PG2 incubated in MGH had a significantly higher tensile strength compared to EP (p < 0.05, md = 69.28 N CI95% (64.16–74.40 N)) and PBS (p < 0.05, md = 56.90 N CI95% (51.78–62.02 N)) until day 28. PC2‐0 incubated in MGH had a significantly higher tensile strength compared to EP (p < 0.05 md = 12.40 N CI95% (4.59 N–20.20 N)) and PBS (p < 0.05 md = 11.23 CI95% (3.42–19.03 N)) on day 7 and the remaining time points.Main LimitationsThe sutures were unloaded during incubation and a single cycle to failure test was only performed, which does not reflect the in vivo environment where shear forces are present.ConclusionsMGH did not negatively affect the tensile strength of the suture material and can safely be applied in contact with suture materials commonly used in equine surgery.
Navigating adolescent depression and anxiety in the context of parenting plan evaluations
Authors: Ajoku Chioma 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article touches upon theories accounting for the rise in adolescent anxiety and depression and how the prevalence of adolescent anxiety and depression affects how we navigate parenting plan evaluations. This article also discusses the importance of screening youth for depressive and anxious symptoms and assessing family, parental, and youth risk and protective factors related to adolescent depression and anxiety. This article also highlights the importance of assessing for mediating factors that increase the risk of anxiety and depression in youth in the context of parental separation, such as interparental conflict, financial difficulties, and limited contact with one parent. This article also identifies various methods of assessing depression and anxiety, including the adolescent interview, observations during the interview, and self‐report measures. Additionally, this article discusses potential interventions that address mediators of the impact of divorce, such as parenting problems, family conflict, or the parent–child relationship.
Microstructure design strategies to mitigate hydrogen embrittlement in metallic materials
Authors: Sun Binhan , Dong Xizhen , Wen Jianfeng , Zhang Xian‐Cheng , Tu Shan‐Tung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydrogen embrittlement (HE) is characterized by the sudden loss of a material's mechanical property due to the premature failure induced by the ingress of H atoms and various H‐materials interactions. This phenomenon threatens almost all the metallic materials that brings an abrupt halt to some of the pending infrastructures needed for a H economy. The development of microstructure design strategies to mitigate HE is challenging, as the fundamental mechanisms for HE process are still not well understood. Nevertheless, some progresses in this field have been made in recent years. Here, we provide an overview on established microstructural approaches to mitigate HE in metallic materials. These methods include second‐phase trapping, grain refinement, grain boundary engineering, solute segregation and heterogeneity, and surface treatment. Their effectiveness and materials applicability are compared. The operating mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of these approaches are also discussed to guide their future development and successful industrial application.
Development of a pharmacological evidence‐based anticholinergic burden scale for medications commonly used in older adults
Authors: Yamada Shizuo , Mochizuki Masae , Chimoto Junko , Futokoro Risa , Kagota Satomi , Shinozuka Kazumasa 
Published: June 2023

AimThe present study aimed to develop a pharmacological evidence‐based anticholinergic burden scale (ABS) through a direct assessment of muscarinic receptor‐binding activities of 260 medications commonly used in older adults.MethodsThe muscarinic receptor‐binding activities of 260 drugs were assessed by the displacement of specific [N‐methyl‐3H]scopolamine methyl chloride binding in the rat brain. The maximum blood concentrations (Cmax) of drugs after their administration to subjects were cited from their interview forms.ResultsIn total, 96 of 260 drugs displayed concentration‐dependent muscarinic receptor binding in rat brain. Based on muscarinic receptor‐binding activity (IC50) and Cmax after the administration at clinical doses in humans, we rated ABS 3 (strong) for 33 drugs and ABS 2 (moderate) for 37 drugs. There was an approximate similarity between muscarinic receptor‐binding activities (IC50) and Cmax of 33 drugs (ABS 3) after their administration at clinical doses in humans. Furthermore, 26 drugs were defined as ABS 1 (weak) by muscarinic receptor‐binding activity. The remaining 164 drugs exhibited slight or no significant muscarinic receptor‐binding activities at high concentration of 100 μM, and they were defined as ABS 0. There was a marked similarity for 28 drugs (ABS 3) between the present ABS data and their previous scoring data in the literature.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, the present study developed the first comprehensive pharmacological evidence‐based ABS of drugs based on muscarinic receptor‐binding activity, which provides guidance as to which drugs may be discontinued to reduce anticholinergic burden. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 558–564.
Headache clinicians’ perspectives on the remote monitoring of patients’ electronic diary data: A qualitative study
Authors: Minen Mia T. , George Alexis , Katara Aarti , Lebowitz Naomi , Snyder Ivy Charlotte , Busis Neil A. , Lipchitz Jessica M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed headache clinicians’ viewpoints on potential remote access to patients’ digital headache diary data and the practicalities of data utilization.BackgroundWith the ubiquitous nature of electronic medical records and the existence of remote monitoring (RM) for many medical conditions, there is now the potential for remote symptom monitoring for patients with headache disorders. While patients are asked to utilize headache diaries, clinicians may or may not have access to the data before patient visits, and their perspectives regarding this emerging technology are currently unknown.MethodsAfter recruiting participants from the National Institutes of Health Pain Consortium Network, the American Headache Society Special Interest Section listservs, and Twitter and Facebook social media platforms, we conducted 20 semi‐structured qualitative interviews of headache providers across the United States from various types of institutions and asked them their perspectives on remote access to patient headache diary data. We transcribed the interviews, which were then coded by two independent coders. Themes and sub‐themes were developed using inductive content analysis.ResultsAll clinicians felt the RM data needed to be integrated into the electronic medical record. Six themes emerged from the interviews: (i) Clinician perspectives on how RM could be beneficial but at other times could create obstacles/challenges, (ii) operationally, data integration could benefit headache care, (iii) there should be initial logistical considerations for bringing RM into clinical care, (iv) education may need to be provided to both patients and clinicians, (v) there are likely research benefits associated with RM, and (vi) additional suggestions for considering potential integration of RM into practice.ConclusionsWhile headache clinicians had mixed opinions on the benefits/challenges that RM presents to patient care, patient satisfaction, and visit time, new ideas emerged that may help advance the field.
Biopsychosocial treatment response among youth with continuous headache: A retrospective, clinic‐based study
Authors: Reidy Brooke L. , Riddle Emily J. , Powers Scott W. , Slater Shalonda K. , Kacperski Joanne , Kabbouche Marielle , Peugh James L. , Hershey Andrew D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundYouth with continuous (always present) headache are vastly understudied; much remains to be understood regarding treatment response in this population.ObjectiveTo describe and explore biopsychosocial factors related to initial clinical outcomes among treatment‐seeking youth with continuous headache.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study extracted data of 782 pediatric patients (i.e., aged <18 years) with continuous headache from a large clinical repository. Youth in this study had experienced continuous headache for ≥1 month before presenting to a multidisciplinary headache specialty clinic appointment. Extracted data from this appointment included patients’ headache history, clinical diagnoses, and headache‐related disability, as well as information about biopsychosocial factors implicated in headache management and/or maintenance (e.g., healthy lifestyle habits, history of feeling anxious or depressed). Additional data regarding patient headache characteristics, disability, and lifestyle habits were extracted from a subset of 529 youth who returned to clinic 4–16 weeks after their initial follow‐up visit. After characterizing initial treatment response, exploratory analyses compared youth with the best and worst treatment outcomes on several potentially influential factors.ResultsApproximately half of youth (280/526; 53.2%) continued to have continuous headache at follow‐up, ~20% of youth (51/526) reported a significant (≥50%) reduction in headache frequency. Improvements in average headache severity (e.g., percentage with severe headaches at initial visit: 45.3% [354/771]; percentage with severe headaches at follow‐up visit: 29.8% [156/524]) and headache‐related disability were also observed (e.g., percentage severe disability at initial visit: 62.9% [490/779]; percentage severe disability at initial follow‐up visit: 34.2% [181/529]). Individuals with the worst headache frequency and disability had a longer history of continuous headache (mean difference estimate = 5.76, p = 0.013) and worse initial disability than the best responders (χ2[3, 264] = 23.49, p < 0.001). They were also more likely to have new daily persistent headache (χ2[2, 264] = 12.61, p = 0.002), and were more likely to endorse feeling depressed (χ2[1, 260] = 11.46, p < 0.001).ConclusionA notable percentage of youth with continuous headache show initial improvements in headache status. Prospective, longitudinal research is needed to rigorously examine factors associated with continuous headache treatment response.
Clinical characteristics and patient‐reported outcomes of chronic and episodic migraine patients at a US tertiary headache center: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Ahmed Zubair , Honomichl Ryan , Thompson Stephen F. , Cohen Joshua M. , Schuster Andrew , Thompson Nicolas R. , Lapin Brittany , Udeh Belinda L. , Ramirez Campos Verena , Krasenbaum Lynda J. , Katzan Irene L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe differences in clinical and demographic characteristics between patients with episodic migraine (EM) or chronic migraine (CM) and determine the effect of migraine subtype on patient‐reported outcome measures (PROM).BackgroundPrior studies have characterized migraine in the general population. While this provides a basis for our understanding of migraine, we have less insight into the characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes of migraine patients who present to subspecialty headache clinics. These patients represent a subset of the population that bears the greatest burden of migraine disability and are more representative of migraine patients who seek medical care. Valuable insights can be gained from a better understanding of CM and EM in this population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of patients with CM or EM seen in the Cleveland Clinic Headache Center between January 2012 and June 2017. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and patient‐reported outcome measures (3‐Level European Quality of Life 5‐Dimension [EQ‐5D‐3L], Headache Impact Test‐6 [HIT‐6], Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 [PHQ‐9]) were compared between groups.ResultsEleven thousand thirty‐seven patients who had 29,032 visits were included. More CM patients reported being on disability 517/3652 (14.2%) than EM patients 249/4881 (5.1%) and had significantly worse mean HIT‐6 (67.3 ± 7.4 vs. 63.1 ± 7.4, p < 0.001) and median [interquartile range] EQ‐5D‐3L (0.77 [0.44–0.82] vs. 0.83 [0.77–1.00], p < 0.001), and PHQ‐9 (10 [6–16] vs. 5 [2–10], p < 0.001).ConclusionsThere are multiple differences in demographic characteristics and comorbid conditions between patients with CM and EM. After adjustment for these factors, CM patients had higher PHQ‐9 scores, lower quality of life scores, greater disability, and greater work restrictions/unemployment.
Low‐temperature synthesis of α‐Al2O3 powder aided by ball milling and a trace amount of sodium chloride
Authors: Ma Mingyuan , Wei Kaite , Wu Ruike , Liang Sen , Zhang Xiao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is crucial to synthesize α‐Al2O3, which is a multifunctional material, at high temperatures due to the nature of the material. However, this high‐temperature preparation process is not energy efficient, which goes against the global aim of carbon neutrality. In this study, we explored the effect of adding 1 wt.% (NaCl) as an additive and a suitable amount of Al(OH)3 in a ball mill to form a precursor. The impact of NaCl and ball milling duration on the phase transition from Al(OH)3 to α‐Al2O3 at low temperatures was investigated. After the conversion from Al(OH)3 to γ‐Al2O3, the NaCl particles on the surface of γ‐Al2O3 act as diffusion channels, helping to accelerate the substance diffusion during the transition from γ‐Al2O3 to α‐Al2O3, resulting in a lower formation temperature of α‐Al2O3, which is 700°C. Additionally, the presence of NaCl results in α‐Al2O3 particles growing into hexagonal plates. The α‐Al2O3 plates produced from calcining the mixture of Al(OH)3 and NaCl at 700°C have an average diameter of 3 µm, an average diameter/thickness ratio of 10 and a specific surface area of 12.0085 m2/g. These results indicate that low‐temperature synthesis of α‐Al2O3 powder is possible by using NaCl as an additive instead of molten salt in the ball milling process.
Enhancement of Si3N4 ceramics via evolution of grain interface between ZrO2 and Si3N4 under pressureless sintering
Authors: Luo Chunxi , Li Neng , Deng Tengfei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSilicon nitride (Si3N4) as a structural ceramic material, its strength, and toughness are the decisive characteristics of damage tolerance and reliability. In this work, Si3N4 ceramics is enhanced via evolution of grain interface between Si3N4 and ZrO2, which bending strength and fracture toughness reached 982.8 MPa and 9.81 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The interface evolution of the ZrO2 and Si3N4 grains were investigated via both first‐principles molecular dynamics simulation and experiment. The Si3N4/ZrO2 interface structure was observed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, include: (i) glass phase film, (ii) Zr3N4 film. First‐principles molecular dynamics simulation reported here provide an atomic‐level description of the formation mechanisms of the interface structure. The Si‐O bond and Zr‐N bond was formed to provide the Si3N4/ZrO2 interface bond. Moreover, the embedded‐like composite structure between Si3N4 and ZrO2 was formed during the sintering process, which can deflect cracks and result in an increase in the fracture energy. Due to the strength difference of Si3N4 and ZrO2, cracks tend to propagate through the grains of ZrO2 and deflects when it encounters the rod‐like Si3N4 grains. In the same time, the ZrO2 plays a role with respect to refinement of the β‐Si3N4 grain size and decrease of the glass phase content.
Housing instability: Exploring socioecological influences on the health of birthing people
Authors: Robinson Kelley N. , Gresh Ashley , Russell Niarah , Jeffers Noelene K. , Alexander Kamila A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStudy AimTo describe how socioecological influences of housing instability affect pregnancy health among birthing and postpartum people.DesignWe used the socioecological framework to guide this exploratory descriptive study using semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews.MethodsWe purposively recruited birthing people in the southern mid‐Atlantic region. Seventeen one‐time, semi‐structured interviews were conducted between February 2020 and December 2021 with English‐speaking unstably housed participants ≥18 years old, currently pregnant, or recently postpartum. Qualitative and quantitative content approaches were used to analyse transcribed interviews. Dedoose software was used to identify code patterns and refine the codebook until group consensus. The team examined code patterns, explored meaning in text and codified code‐generated categories to describe experiences.ResultsMajority (82.4%) of participants were African Americans between 22 and 41 years, and most were postpartum (76.5%). Participants described multiple forms of housing instability, reasons for losing housing, challenges with finding housing and strategies for finding housing. Participants did not describe housing instability as a barrier to receiving prenatal care. Building and sustaining individual relationships and social support were prominent factors affecting their housing challenges. Participants also reported a lack of obstetric provider inquiry about housing status during pregnancy. Many reported that challenges with housing triggered mental health issues, especially depression.ConclusionNurses and other obstetric providers are key points of contact in the prenatal care setting for assessing housing stability. Additionally, refining social structures and funding support services within communities and prenatal health systems should be a strategy for future programme and policy planning improvement.ImpactThis study highlights critical areas for consideration when addressing social determinants for birthing people and reinforces the need for more comprehensive assessment in the prenatal setting.Patient or Public ContributionMembers of the public participated in this study as key informants for study interviews.