bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15 caused by missense variants in the ITPR1 gene
Authors: Gazulla José , Bellosta‐Diago Elena , Izquierdo‐Alvarez Silvia , Berciano José 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeSpinocerebellar ataxia type 15 (SCA15) is a degenerative, adult onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, caused almost exclusively by deletions in the inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) gene (ITPR1). ITPR1 mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and particularly abounds in Purkinje cells. It plays a pivotal role in excitatory and inhibitory actions on Purkinje cells, and alterations in their balance cause cerebellar dysfunction in ITPR1 knockout mice. To date, only two single missense mutations have been reported to cause SCA15. They were considered pathogenic because cosegregation occurred with disease, and haploinsufficiency was hypothesized as their pathogenic mechanism.MethodsIn this study, three Caucasian kindreds with different heterozygous missense variants in ITPR1 are reported. The main clinical manifestation was a slowly progressive gait ataxia with onset after 40 years of age, with chorea in two patients and hand tremor in another one, concordant with manifestations found in SCA15.ResultsThe three missense variants identified in ITPR1 were c.1594G>A; p.(Ala532Thr) in Kindred A, c.56C>T; p.(Ala19Val) in Kindred B, and c.256G>A; p.(Ala86Thr) in Kindred C. Every variant was labelled as of unknown significance; however, each one cosegregated with disease and was predicted to be pathogenic by in silico tests.ConclusionsThe three ITPR1 missense variants found in this study exhibited cosegregation with disease, a result that sustains their pathogenicity. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of missense mutations in SCA15.
Investigation of the heat energy and multi‐level load on subsurface fatigue damage evolution via multi‐scale method
Authors: Hao Lianjing , Li Wei , Qian Lingyun , Sun Chaoyang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe relationship between heat energy and initial fatigue life of different metals under multi‐level loading stress and elevated temperature is introduced. The fatigue damage evolution model was established from the microscopic and mesoscopic perspectives to explore the fatigue damage and the crack initiation location at elevated temperature. Based on the method of continuous damage mechanics, the influence of multi‐level loads on fatigue cracking life and heat energy on strain energy of distribution were investigated. The mathematical model is verified by the experimental data. The model has important engineering significance for predicting the service life of parts at elevated temperature.
College‐level world language faculty background characteristics and their perceptions of online language teaching during the pandemic
Authors: Jin Li , Xu Yi , Deifell Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic enabled an unprecedented remote teaching experience for world language faculty who had to move their courses online in spring 2020. Previous studies show that faculty background characteristics affect their perceptions of and experience with online teaching. The present study examined the effect of two college‐level world language faculty background characteristics (prior experience with online language teaching and academic rank) on their perceptions of online language teaching during the pandemic (perceived value of online language teaching, self‐confidence in online language teaching, and stress felt during the pandemic). A mixed‐methods approach was adopted to analyze data collected from a large‐scale online questionnaire and follow‐up interviews. The results show very complex relationships between college‐level world language faculty background characteristics and their perceptions of online language teaching during the pandemic. Based on the findings, the study also provides suggestions for world language faculty professional development to prepare for crisis‐prompted and planned online language teaching in the future.
Power, governance and distributional skew in global value chains: Exchange theoretic and exogenous factors
Authors: Bair Jennifer , Mahutga Matthew C 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe relationship between power, governance and value creation/capture is a central concern in global value chain (GVC) research. In the context of calls to develop a more expansive view of power in GVCs, we argue for retaining a focus on bargaining power, but shifting the conceptualization of bargaining power from the dyad to the network. We advance two arguments. First, we elaborate an exchange theoretic model in which skew of value capture is a function of the degree of power asymmetry inherent in the ratio of buyers to suppliers. Second, we explain how this model can be expanded to consider the role of external factors, such as the institutional and normative contexts in which exchange occurs. Rather than see these factors as contending forms of power, we treat them as forces that can affect value skew by either attenuating the bargaining power of lead firms or by moderating the distributional effects of power asymmetries between exchange partners. We conclude that an exchange theoretic approach to bargaining power in GVCs provides a parsimonious framework for explaining how inter‐firm governance shapes the distribution of value capture in global production.
Platelet factor 4 triggers thrombo‐inflammation by bridging innate and adaptive immunity
Authors: Greinacher Andreas , Warkentin Theodore E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlatelet factor 4 (PF4, synonym: CXCL4) is an evolutionary old chemokine with proposed roles in hemostasis and antimicrobial defense. In addition, PF4 has attracted considerable attention as a crucial mediator of one of the most prothrombotic adverse drug effects affecting blood cells, heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Interest in PF4 substantially increased in 2021 when it was identified as the target antigen in the life‐threatening adverse effect, vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). We address the concept that a major biological function of PF4—a strongly cationic chemokine—is to bind to negatively‐charged prokaryotic microorganisms, resulting in structural changes in PF4 that trigger a danger signal recognized by the adaptive immune system. Application of biophysical tools has provided substantial insights into the molecular mechanisms by which PF4 becomes immunogenic, providing insights into a new mechanism of autoimmunity. Binding of autoantibodies with high affinity induces conformational change(s) in the endogenous protein, which are then recognized as foreign antigen, as exemplified by the prothrombotic disorders, autoimmune HIT and VITT. The final part of our review summarizes current assays for HIT and VITT, explaining how structural aspects of anti‐PF4 pathobiology relate to assay design and performance characteristics. Currently, functional (platelet activation) assays using washed platelets detect HIT antibodies when heparin is added, and VITT antibodies when PF4 is added. Solid‐phase PF4‐dependent immunoassays using microtiter plates are sensitive for both HIT and VITT antibodies, while rapid immunoassays, in which the PF4/heparin antigen is coated on beads, are sensitive and specific for HIT, but not for VITT antibodies.
Does political affiliation impact transport policy debate?: Evidences from social media
Authors: Kaushik Kapil , Jain Nikunj Kumar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSocial networking sites (SNS) have played an important role in engaging citizens to various policy discussions and debates about government, society and environment. Though SNS platforms empower citizens to express their opinion on important topics, several concerns have been raised by researchers for using SNS as discussion platform for important political, government and environmental policies. SNS platforms may be manipulated by the dominant group and citizen might also display group behaviour on these platforms while expressing their opinions of digital platforms. This study analyses political affiliations’ influence on opinion and content shared by various stakeholders on Twitter. The context of odd‐even driving policy is undertaken using text mining and statistical research methods. This research suggests that political affiliation significantly affects type and characteristics of content shared by SNS users. This study will help policymakers and researchers in better understanding of citizens responses to environmental policies on SNS platforms.
Achieving high‐energy storage performance of PbZro3‐based thin films utilizing insulation interlayer and low‐temperature annealing
Authors: Zhang Changhai , Zhang Bowen , Yin Chao , Tang Chao , Zhang Tiandong , Liu Xianli , Chi Qingguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPbZrO3 (PZO)‐based antiferroelectric thin films are of great interest due to their high‐power density and fast charging and discharging capability. However, the problems of low breakdown strength and inferior energy storage density of PZO films have not been well solved. In this work, the insulating MgO as the blocking interlayer is inserted into PbZrO3 films (abbreviated as P/M/P), which can inhibit the electric charge transfer and enhance the breakdown strength, as well as regulation of the polarization behavior. The results show that the maximal endurable electric field is significantly improved, and the double‐hysteresis characteristic disappeared after introducing MgO blocking interlayer. The energy storage density of P/M/P films reaches 21.97 J/cm3 under 1700 kV/cm, accompanying an ultralow efficiency of 44.01% due to the severe polarization loss. Furthermore, low‐temperature annealing is performed to suppress the polarization loss, and an energy storage density of 17.27 J/cm3 accompanying a high efficiency of 75.53% is obtained at 3100 kV/cm, still exhibiting good stability after 1 × 107 fatigue cycles. This study demonstrates that combining the insulating interlayer and the low‐temperature annealing endow the PZO‐based films significantly improved energy storage properties, having great potential to be used in the dielectric capacitors.
Where are the workers? Leadership‐follower fit and behavioral work withdrawal in the logistics supply chain
Authors: Macdonald John R. , Conroy Samantha , Eckerd Stephanie , Becker William J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith supply chains targeting increased efficiency, leadership behaviors are critical in influencing the employee experience, and thus the success of employees in organizations. Yet, behavioral work withdrawal, e.g., lateness and absenteeism, among frontline logistics employees is an acute challenge, estimated to contribute millions annually in related costs such as overtime or temporary workers. Our work seeks to capture potential causes for these withdrawal behaviors in the logistics supply chain. Extending prior work on regulatory focus theory, we propose that behavioral work withdrawal depends on fit or misfit between leadership behavior and the follower's regulatory focus. Leadership behaviors appealing to opportunities and growth (i.e., inspirational styles) are likely effective at reducing withdrawal for employees high in promotion focus, while behaviors appealing to accuracy and avoiding errors or failure (i.e., management‐by‐exception styles) are likely effective at reducing withdrawal for employees high in prevention focus. We combine survey and archival data to test our moderation hypotheses. Support is found for the fit perspective, confirming that no single leadership behavior is consistently better at reducing withdrawal, yet attentiveness to this perspective is critical as misfit increases withdrawal. These findings can help reduce overtime, employee burnout, and service delays and allow managers to reduce associated costs.
Upregulation of MAPKAPK5‐AS1, PXN‐AS1 and URB1‐AS1 lncRNAs in non‐functioning pituitary adenoma
Authors: Taheri Mohammad , Safarzadeh Arash , Bahranian Arefe , Eslami Solat , Dilmaghani Nader Akbari , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Sharifi Guive 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be dysregulated in a variety of malignant and non‐malignant lesions including non‐functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). In the current experimental study, we have selected six lncRNAs, namely MAPKAPK5‐AS1, NUTM2B‐AS1, ST7‐AS1, LIFR‐AS1, PXN‐AS1 and URB1‐AS1 to assess their expression in a cohort of Iranian patients with NFPA. MAPKAPK5‐AS1, PXN‐AS1 and URB1‐AS1 were shown to be over‐expressed in NFPA tissues compared with control samples (Expression ratios (95% CI) = 10 (3.94–25.36), 11.22 (4.3–28.8) and 9.33 (4.12–21.12); p values < 0.0001, respectively). The depicted ROC curves showed the AUC values of 0.73, 0.80 and 0.73 for MAPKAPK5‐AS1, PXN‐AS1 and URB1‐AS1, respectively. Relative expression level of PXN‐AS1 was associated with tumour subtype (p value = 0.49). Besides, relative expression levels of MAPKAPK5‐AS1 and LIFR‐AS1 were associated with gender of patients (p values = 0.043 and 0.01, respectively). Cumulatively, the current study indicates the possible role of MAPKAPK5‐AS1, PXN‐AS1 and URB1‐AS1 lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of NFPAs.
Association of the triglyceride‐glucose index with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sun Qi‐chao , Liu Jie , Meng Ran , Zhang Ning , Yao Jing , Yang Fan , Zhu Da‐long 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index is a simple and reliable indicator of insulin resistance, and is associated with the development and poor outcomes of cardiovascular disease. Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction (SLVD) is frequently detected in approximately one‐third of diabetes patients, but it has not been established whether the TyG index correlates with SLVD. We carried out this research to evaluate the relationship between the TyG index and SLVD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional and observational study of 183 type 2 diabetes mellitus inpatients at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China. The TyG index and homeostasis model assessment 2 estimates for insulin resistance (HOMA2‐IR) were calculated from biochemical measurements, and speckle‐tracking echocardiography was carried out. According to global longitudinal strain (GLS) by echocardiography, participants were categorized into the SLVD (GLS <18%) group or the non‐SLVD (GLS ≥18%) group.ResultsIn comparison with non‐SLVD participants, SLVD participants had higher insulin resistance, as reflected by elevated TyG and HOMA2‐IR indices, as well as a higher body mass index, waist circumference and triglyceride level (P < 0.05 for each). When grouped by TyG index tertiles, an elevated TyG index was correlated with other cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as a decrease in GLS. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, the TyG index was an independent risk factor for SLVD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (odds ratio 2.047, 95% confidence interval 1.07–3.914, P  = 0.03), whereas HOMA2‐IR was not.ConclusionsThe TyG index is independently associated with SLVD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and is a more reliable indicator of SLVD than HOMA2‐IR.
Preventing the overdiagnosis of chest sepsis in children: A quality improvement project
Authors: Bradford‐Duarte Rebecca , Milton Valerie , McKenna Jillian , Bokhari Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRationaleRespiratory infections in children are one of the most common causes of hospital attendances and a common cause of sepsis. Most of these infections turn out to be viral in nature. However, the overuse of antibiotics is common and with increasing problems with antimicrobial resistance, changes to antibiotic prescribing practices need to be implemented urgently.Aims and ObjectivesTo test our hypothesis that a significant number of children and young people are diagnosed with and treated for ‘chest sepsis’ unnecessarily by evaluating adherence to British Thoracic Society and National Institute of Clinical Excellence sepsis guidelines, and to implement measures to prevent overdiagnosis.DesignA baseline audit undertaken, stratified patient risk as per NICE sepsis guidelines. Data were analysed to assess adherence to these guidelines following presentation of possible lower respiratory tract infection.Questionnaires were sent to Paediatric doctors in local hospitals and focus groups were held to qualitatively evaluate the barriers and facilitators to preventing overdiagnosis. These informed implemented measures.ResultsThe baseline audit showed 61% of children under two, who are more likely to have a viral chest infection were treated with intravenous antibiotics. Seventy‐seven percent of children had blood tests and 88% had chest X‐rays (CXRs) which are not routinely recommended. A total of 71% with a normal CXR had been treated with intravenous antibiotics.Barriers to preventing overdiagnosis included the over‐sensitivity of the sepsis tool, anxiety and drug prescribing habits. Facilitators included visual cues and team work. Implemented changes including a revised sepsis pathway and raising awareness led to some positive changes. However, upon re‐auditing there was no significant change in the number of children being overdiagnosed.ConclusionsInitial audit results supported our hypothesis that children were being overdiagnosed, over‐investigated and over‐treated. Despite multimodal interventions aimed at understanding the drivers underpinning these issues, the re‐audit results mirrored the baseline audit despite a transient improvement following our campaign to raise awareness and further work to change physician behaviour is required.
Trichoscopic evaluation of dental pulp stem cell conditioned media for androgenic alopecia
Authors: Kamishima Tomoko , Hirabe Chie , Ohnishi Takanori , Taguchi Junichi , Myint Khin Zay Yar , Koga Shoji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundConditioned media (CM) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is known to induce hair regrowth in androgenic alopecia.ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to assess the efficacy and safety of one type of MSC‐CM, the CM derived from dental pulp stem cells obtained from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED‐CM) and to compare the efficacy of SHED‐CM with and without dihydrotestosterone synthesis inhibitor (DHT‐inhibitor).MethodsEighty‐eight male androgenic alopecia subjects with Hamilton‐Norwood Classification (H‐N C) I–VII were evaluated by trichoscopy to explore which trichoscopic factors statistically correlated with H‐N C. After being screened, 33 subjects received six SHED‐CM treatments at 1‐month intervals. Clinical severity was assessed through global and trichoscopic images from baseline to 9th month.ResultsSHED‐CM was effective for 75% of subjects regardless of disease severity, concomitant DHT‐inhibitor use, and age. Adverse effects including pain and small hemorrhages were transient and mild. We also found that clinical hair status evaluated by absolute values of three quantitative trichoscopic factors (maximum hair diameter, vellus hair rate, and multi‐hair follicular unit rate) showed a good correlation with H‐N C stages, and what is more—a scoring system of these three factors can be a possible predictor of SHED‐CM efficacy.ConclusionsWe have shown that SHED‐CM provides global and trichoscopic image improvement for androgenic alopecia, regardless of concomitant DHT‐inhibitor use.
The influence of adolescents' nutrition knowledge and school food environment on adolescents' dietary behaviors in urban Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Iyassu Abreham , Laillou Arnaud , Tilahun Kassahun , Workneh Fitsum , Mogues Sinksar , Chitekwe Stanley , Baye Kaleab 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdolescence is a critical period of physical, cognitive, and social development that needs to be supported with healthy diets. Dietary behaviours of adolescents can be shaped by their nutrition‐literacy and their interaction with parents and peers as well as their school food environment. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess factors that influence dietary behaviours of adolescents in urban Ethiopia. Sex‐disaggregated, focused group discussions (n = 70) were conducted in 36 private and government schools (n = 12/city) among adolescents (n = 432) 15–19 years of age in Addis Ababa, Bahir Dar, and Dire Dawa. Photovoice was applied in a subgroup of participants (n = 216) to gain further insights into adolescents' perception of their school food environment. Key informant interviews were conducted among school principals (n = 36). Adolescents had a relatively good nutrition knowledge and recognised the importance of diverse diets, but misperceptions also existed. They identified fruit and vegetables as healthy foods, but their consumption was deterred by food safety concerns. The adolescents identified foods high in salt, fat, and sugar, including processed/packaged foods as unhealthy, but still consumed them frequently due to their taste, affordability, availability and accessibility in and around schools. Both undernutrition and overweight/obesity were linked to social exclusion and bullying in school. Effective behavioural change communication is required to address common misperceptions. School nutrition programs should integrate water, sanitation and hygiene programs to ensure food safety. Regulations promoting healthy eating while discouraging unhealthy dietary behaviours are vital. Interventions to make nutrient‐dense and healthy foods available, accessible, and affordable are urgently needed to improve the nutrition and health outcome of adolescents.
Elevated temperatures reduce population‐specific transcriptional plasticity in developing lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)
Authors: Bugg William S. , Thorstensen Matt J. , Marshall Katie E. , Anderson W. Gary , Jeffries Ken M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRising mean and variance in temperatures elevates threats to endangered freshwater species such as lake sturgeon,Acipenser fulvescens. Previous research demonstrated that higher temperatures during development result in physiological consequences for lake sturgeon populations throughout Manitoba, Canada, with alteration of metabolic rate, thermal tolerance, transcriptional responses, growth and mortality. We acclimated lake sturgeon (30–60 days post fertilization, a period of high mortality) from northern and southern populations (56°02′46.5″N, 96°54′18.6″W and 50°17′52″N, 95°32′51″W, respectively, separated by approximately 650 km) within Manitoba to current (summer highs of 20–23°C) and future projected (+2–3°C) environmental temperatures of 16, 20 and 24°C for 30 days, and we measured gill transcriptional responses using RNAseq. Transcripts revealed SNPs consistent with genetically distinct populations and transcriptional responses altered by acclimation temperature. There were a higher number of differentially expressed transcripts observed in the southern, compared to the northern, population as temperatures increased, indicating enhanced transcriptional plasticity. Both lake sturgeon populations responded to elevated acclimation temperatures by downregulating the transcription of genes involved in protein synthesis and energy production. Furthermore, there were population‐specific thresholds for the downregulation of processes promoting transcriptional plasticity as well as mitochondrial function as the northern population showed decreases at 20°C, while this capacity was not diminished until 24°C in the southern population. These transcriptional responses highlight the molecular impacts of increasing temperatures for divergent lake sturgeon populations during vulnerable developmental periods and the critical influence of transcriptome plasticity on acclimation capacity.