bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary quality, physical activity and weight loss on glucose homeostasis in persons with and without prediabetes in the PREMIER trial
Authors: Gradinariu Vlad , Ard Jamy , van Dam Rob M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsWe examined the contribution of changes in diet quality, physical activity and weight loss to improvements in insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR index) and fasting glucose concentrations in a long‐term behavioural trial. Furthermore, we compared the effects of lifestyle changes on glycaemic markers for individuals with and without prediabetes.Materials and methodsThe PREMIER trial was an 18‐month parallel randomized trial of the impact of behavioural lifestyle interventions implementing lifestyle recommendations (dietary changes, physical activity, moderate weight loss) in adults with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension. We analysed data on 685 men and women without diabetes. Data on body weight, fitness (treadmill test), dietary intake (24‐h recalls) and glycaemic outcomes were collected at baseline and at 6 and 18 months. We used general linear models to assess the association between the exposure variables and glycaemic markers.ResultsThe mean (SD) age was 49.9 (8.8) years, the mean (SD) body mass index was 32.9 (5.7) kg/m2, and 35% had prediabetes at baseline. Weight loss and improvements in fitness and diet quality were each significantly associated with lower HOMA‐IR and fasting glucose concentrations at 6 and 18 months. Mediation analysis indicated that the effects of fitness and diet quality were partly mediated by weight loss, but significant direct effects of diet and fitness (independent of weight changes) were also observed. Furthermore, insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose improved significantly in participants with and without prediabetes.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that behavioural lifestyle interventions can substantially improve glucose metabolism in persons with and without prediabetes and that the effects of diet quality and physical activity are partly independent of weight loss.
Presence of neural surface and onconeural autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in neurological diseases presents a potential risk for misdiagnosis
Authors: Stevens‐Jones Oskar , Malmeström Clas , Constantinescu Clara , Dalla Keti , Nellgård Bengt , Zelano Johan , Constantinescu Radu , Axelsson Markus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeAutoantibodies have been found to contribute to pathology and are used in the diagnosis of some neurological diseases. We examined the prevalence of autoantibodies in patients with various neurological diseases and whether patients who had autoantibodies differed in age, sex, or disability from those who did not.MethodsWe examined the prevalence of neural surface and onconeural autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 64), Parkinson disease plus atypical parkinsonism (n = 150), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 43), or autoimmune encephalitis (positive control; n = 7) and a healthy control group (n = 37). A total of 12 onconeural autoantibodies and six neural surface autoantibodies were tested in all participants.ResultsAutoantibodies were present in all cohorts. The prevalence of autoantibodies was high (>80%) in the autoimmune encephalitis cohort but low (<20%) in all other cohorts. When comparing patients within cohorts who were positive for autoantibodies to patients who were not, there was no difference in age, sex, and disability. This was apart from the multiple sclerosis and Parkinson disease plus atypical parkinsonism cohorts, where those with positivity for autoantibodies in the CSF were significantly older.ConclusionsThe presence of the autoantibodies examined does not appear to have a substantial clinical impact within the diseases examined in this study. The presence of autoantibodies in all cohorts presents a risk for misdiagnosis when the method is used incorrectly on patients with atypical clinical presentation.
Managing children's and adolescents' medical complaints amid parent conflict: Strategies and tools for professionals
Authors: Greenberg Lyn R. , McNamara Kathleen , Weisz Betsy E. , Altobelli Justice Thomas , Davis Frank 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChildren and adolescents who are having difficulty coping with stress often present with complaints of physical discomfort. Effective treatment approaches exist for many of these issues. Among high‐conflict parents, however, children's medical issues can become another canvas for conflict, with parents focused more on blaming one another for the child's distress than on options for assisting the child. Professionals can be drawn into the conflict to such a degree that they overlook essential steps for addressing and managing these issues. The authors present a research‐informed model for managing medical and psychophysiological issues amid parental conflict.
Thermoregulatory ability and mechanism do not differ consistently between neotropical and temperate butterflies
Authors: Laird‐Hopkins Benita C. , Ashe‐Jepson Esme , Basset Yves , Arizala Cobo Stephany , Eberhardt Lucy , Freiberga Inga , Hellon Josh , Hitchcock Gwen E. , Kleckova Irena , Linke Daniel , Lamarre Greg P. A. , McFarlane Alex , Savage Amanda F. , Turner Edgar C. , Zamora Ana Cecilia , Sam Katerina , Bladon Andrew J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClimate change is a major threat to species worldwide, yet it remains uncertain whether tropical or temperate species are more vulnerable to changing temperatures. To further our understanding of this, we used a standardised field protocol to (1) study the buffering ability (ability to regulate body temperature relative to surrounding air temperature) of neotropical (Panama) and temperate (the United Kingdom, Czech Republic and Austria) butterflies at the assemblage and family level, (2) determine if any differences in buffering ability were driven by morphological characteristics and (3) used ecologically relevant temperature measurements to investigate how butterflies use microclimates and behaviour to thermoregulate. We hypothesised that temperate butterflies would be better at buffering than neotropical butterflies as temperate species naturally experience a wider range of temperatures than their tropical counterparts. Contrary to our hypothesis, at the assemblage level, neotropical species (especially Nymphalidae) were better at buffering than temperate species, driven primarily by neotropical individuals cooling themselves more at higher air temperatures. Morphology was the main driver of differences in buffering ability between neotropical and temperate species as opposed to the thermal environment butterflies experienced. Temperate butterflies used postural thermoregulation to raise their body temperature more than neotropical butterflies, probably as an adaptation to temperate climates, but the selection of microclimates did not differ between regions. Our findings demonstrate that butterfly species have unique thermoregulatory strategies driven by behaviour and morphology, and that neotropical species are not likely to be more inherently vulnerable to warming than temperate species.
Technical and oncological safety of pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer in older adults aged over 75 years versus younger adults: A single‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fujinaga Atsuro , Kawasaki Takahide , Hirashita Teijiro , Kawamura Masahiro , Masuda Takashi , Endo Yuichi , Ueda Yoshitake , Ohta Masayuki , Shiraishi Norio , Inomata Masafumi 
Published: June 2023

AimThe number of surgeries for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in older adults has been rising. This study aimed to evaluate the technical and oncological safety of pancreatectomy for older adults aged ≥75 years with PDAC by retrospectively comparing their short‐ and long‐term outcomes with those of younger adults aged <75 years.MethodsData were collected from 117 patients who underwent pancreatectomy for PDAC in our department. The indication for surgery regarding patient characteristics was considered according to each patient's American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status Scale. Data of older adults (n = 32) were compared with those of younger adults (n = 85), and comprised patient background, surgical factors, postoperative course, histopathological factors and prognostic factors. Additionally, prognostic nutritional index values preoperatively and at 1 and 6 months postoperatively were compared between the two groups.ResultsAlthough American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status and comorbidities were worse in older adults, there were no significant differences in surgical factors, postoperative courses and histopathological factors between the two groups. The overall complication rate tended to be higher in older adults (40.6%) than in younger adults (29.4%). There were no differences in median lengths of recurrence‐free survival and overall survival (older adults vs younger adults: 12 vs 13 months, P = 0.545, and 26 vs 20 months, P = 0.535, respectively) between the two groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in prognostic nutritional index preoperatively to 6 months after surgery.ConclusionWith careful determination of surgical indications, pancreatectomy for PDAC can be carried out with acceptable post‐pancreatectomy morbidity in younger adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 531–536.
Hypermobility spectrum disorders and active migraine in Israeli adolescents: A nationwide study
Authors: Zloof Yair , Simchoni Maya , Derazne Estela , Tsur Avishai M. , Tzur Dorit , Braun Maya , Amarilyo Gil , Shlaifer Amir , Honig Asaf , Braun‐Moscovici Yolanda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between hypermobility spectrum disorders/hypermobile type Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (HSD/hEDS) and migraine in a national sample of adolescents in Israel.BackgroundThe association between HSD/hEDS and migraine is unclear, even more so in pediatric populations.MethodsThis population‐based, cross‐sectional study included 1,627,345 Israeli adolescents (945,519/1,626,407 [58%] males; mean age 17 ± 0.5 years) who were medically assessed before mandatory military service during 1998–2020. Diagnoses of migraine with at least one attack per month (active migraine) and HSD/hEDS were confirmed by certified specialists. The prevalences of active migraine in adolescents with and without HSD/hEDS were computed and the association between HSD/hEDS and active migraine was examined.ResultsActive migraine was significantly more prevalent in adolescents with HSD/hEDS (307/4686 [6.5%]) compared to those without HSD/hEDS (51,931/1,621,721 [3.2%]) (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.90–2.45). The association between HSD/hEDS and active migraine persisted in a multivariable analysis (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.85–2.34) and in several sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsWe found a significant association between HSD/hEDS and active migraine in both male and female adolescents. Clinical awareness of the association can promote early diagnosis and treatment of migraine. Further research is required to identify appropriate pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic migraine treatment strategies for individuals with HSD/hEDS.
Ultrasound‐guided stellate ganglion block for the treatment of migraine in elderly patients: A retrospective and observational study
Authors: Yu Bin , Hou Siyu , Xing Yan , Jia Zipu , Luo Fang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound‐guided stellate ganglion block (SGB) in the prophylactic treatment of migraine in the elderly.BackgroundTreatment of migraine in the elderly is often difficult and troublesome due to multiple comorbidities, drug interactions, and adverse effects (AEs). SGB may be an effective treatment approach for migraine in the elderly as its clinical use is rarely limited by concomitant diseases and age‐related physiological changes; however, no studies have evaluated the effectiveness of SGB in the treatment of migraine in the elderly population.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational case series study. We retrospectively analyzed patients with migraine aged ≥65 years, who underwent ultrasound‐guided SGB for headache management between January 2018 and November 2022. Pain intensity using the numerical rating scale (NRS, 0–10), number of days with headache per month, duration of headache, and the consumptions of acute medications were recorded before SGB treatment, and at 1, 2, and 3 months after the last SGB. Safety assessment included thorough documentation of serious and minor AEs related to SGB.ResultsOf 71 patients, 52 were analyzed in this study. After the final SGB, the NRS scores decreased significantly from a mean (± standard deviation [SD]) of 7.3 (1.2) at baseline to 3.3 (1.4), 3.1 (1.6), and 3.6 (1.6) at 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively (vs. baseline, p < 0.001). The mean (SD) number of headache days per month significantly reduced from 23.1 (5.5) to 10.9 (7.1) (p < 0.001), 12.7 (6.5) (p = 0.001), and 14.0 (6.8) days (p = 0.001) at the 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐month follow‐ups, respectively. The values of headache duration were also significantly lower at the 1‐month (mean [SD] 12.5 [15.8] h, p = 0.001), 2‐month (mean [SD] 11.3 [15.9] h, p = 0.001), and 3‐month follow‐ups (mean [SD] 14.3 [16.0] h, p = 0.001) compared to pre‐treatment baseline (mean [SD] 22.7 [17.1] h). There were 33/52 (64%) patients experiencing at least a 50% reduction in acute medications consumption 3 months after the final SGB treatment. The overall AEs rate associated with ultrasound‐guided SGB was 9.0% (26/290 SGBs). There were no serious AEs; all reported AEs were minor and transient.ConclusionsStellate ganglion block treatment could reduce pain intensity, headache frequency, and duration of migraine, thereby reducing the need for adjunctive medications in elderly patients. Ultrasound‐guided SGB might be a safe and effective intervention for the treatment of migraine in elderly patients.
Effects of expanded graphite content on the performance of MgO‐C refractories
Authors: Kim Junseong , Jeong Seunghwa , Lee Minsuk , Kang Dong Jae , Park Hong‐woo , Lee Hwa‐In , Yang Dong‐Yeol , Kim Eun Hee , Lee Soonil , Yang Seung‐Cheol , Jeon Sang‐Chae 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExpanded graphite was introduced into a MgO‐C refractory to suppress its thermal expansion and thus enhance thermal shock resistance. The refractory was prepared by mixing MgO powders (particle size = 75 μm and 1 mm), antioxidant and curing agents, flake and expanded graphite, and a novolak‐type phenolic resin at 50°C. This was followed by aging at 20°C for 24 h, compacting by uniaxial pressing, curing at 210°C for 5 h, and heat treatment at 1500°C. With an increase in expanded graphite content from 0 to 4 wt.%, the bulk density decreased, apparent density remained unchanged, and apparent porosity increased. The gaps created in the vicinity of MgO particles because of this increase in apparent porosity buffered the thermal expansion of MgO. This increased resistance to thermal shock up to 1500°C. However, the increase in expanded graphite content also had a detrimental effect reflected in the decrease in fracture strength and increase in the residual strain after repeated thermal shock. This contradiction indicates that composition optimization is important for the practical performance enhancement of MgO‐C bricks. The optimum content of the expanded graphite was determined as 2 wt.%.
The wage fund theory and gains from trade in a dynamic Ricardian model
Authors: Marjit Sugata , Nakanishi Noritsugu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe theory of wage fund as the basic source of financial capital or credit is incorporated into a dynamic Ricardian trade model consisting of three classes of agents: the workers, the capitalist, and the producers of goods. We derive the modified golden rule based on a significantly different mechanism from the standard optimal growth framework. We show that, although international trade in a static setting in the wage fund framework has asymmetric distributional effects on the agents' welfare, those asymmetric impacts are nullified in the dynamic setting. In fact, trade liberalization is Pareto improving along the balanced growth path.
Hyperglycemia: A determinant of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in youth with obesity across the spectrum of glycemic regulation
Authors: El‐Ayash Heba , Puyau Maurice , Bacha Fida 
Published: June 2023

SummaryObjectivesTo characterize the determinants of heart rate variability (HRV) in youth with obesity across the glycemia spectrum.MethodsA total of 94 adolescents, 15 ± 2.1 years (21 with normal weight, 23 with overweight‐normal glucose tolerance, 26 with prediabetes and 24 with type 2 diabetes [T2D]) underwent an assessment of body composition (dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry), 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test with the calculation of indices of glycemia and insulin sensitivity (IS), inflammatory markers (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein [hs‐CRP] and tumour necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α]), and HRV by peripheral arterial tonometry.ResultsThe HRV frequency‐domain index (low‐frequency to high‐frequency ratio [LF/HF]), an estimate of the ratio between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, increased across the glycemic spectrum, and was highest in T2D compared with the other three groups (p = 0.004). LF/HF correlated with %body fat (r = 0.22, p = 0.04); fasting (r = 0.39, p < 0.001), 2‐h (r = 0.31, p = 0.004), and area under the curve glucose (r = 0.32, p = 0.003); hs‐CRP (r = 0.33, p = 0.002) and TNF‐α (r = 0.38, p = 0.006). In a linear regression model, fasting glucose (β = 0.39, p = 0.003) and hs‐CRP (β = 0.21, p = 0.09) contributed to the variance in Ln LF/HF independent of IS, %body fat, age, sex, race‐ethnicity and Tanner stage (R2 = 0.23, p = 0.013).ConclusionsYouth with impaired glucose regulation have evidence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction with decreased HRV, and sympathetic overdrive (increased LF/HF). This dysfunction is mainly related to glycemia and systemic inflammation.
The role of mental health nurses in planetary health
Authors: Hallett Cheralyn , Barrett Tanisha , Brown Hannah , Lacny Anthony , Williams Jo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article will critically explore the concept of planetary health and locate the role and identity of the mental health nurse (MHN) within it. Like humans, our planet thrives in optimum conditions, finding the delicate balance between health and ill‐health. Human activity is now negatively impacting the homeostasis of the planet and this imbalance creates external stressors that adversely impact upon human physical and mental health at the cellular level. The value and understanding of this intrinsic relationship between human health and the planet is in danger of being lost within a society that views itself as being separate and superior to nature. The Period of Enlightenment witnessed some human groups viewing the natural world and its resources as something to exploit. White colonialism and industrialization destroyed the innate symbiotic relationship between humans and the planet beyond recognition and in particular, overlooking the essential therapeutic role nature and the land facilitated within the well‐being of individuals and communities. This prolonged loss of respect for the natural world continues to breed human disconnection on a global scale. The healing properties of nature have effectively been abandoned within healthcare planning and infrastructure, which continue to be driven principally by the medical model. Under the theory of holism, mental health nursing values the restorative capabilities of connection and belonging, employing skills to support the healing of suffering, trauma and distress, through relationships and education. This suggests MHNs are well situated to provide the advocacy the planet requires, through the active promotion of connecting communities to the natural world around them, both healing the other.
Visible hands: How gig companies shape workers' exposure to market risk
Authors: Maffie Michael David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow do gig platforms prevent workers from defecting to a competitor? Drawing on 40 original interviews and survey data from 210 ride‐hail drivers, the author finds that platform companies calibrate workers' exposure to market risk using gamified reward systems. These rewards protect compliant workers from changes in market conditions, raising the costs of accepting work from a competitor. Yet those who do not comply are “pushed” to the periphery, increasing their market risk. This article illustrates how platform companies can use their “visible hands” to harness and control market forces, shaping worker behavior within and across platforms.
Detoxification enzymes associated with flupyradifurone resistance in greenhouse whitefly
Authors: Jin Yongling , Liu Yuanyuan , Gao Yugang , Zhao Hang , Xiao Han , Li Jiaqi , Wang Lijiao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGreenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) occurs frequently in protected areas of north China and is a serious threat to vegetables. Chemical control is the main method used to kill greenhouse whitefly; however, this has led to the selection of resistance to chemical pesticides. Therefore, the study of pesticide resistance is of great significance for the sustainable management of greenhouse whitefly. From 2019 to 2021, the development of flupyradifurone resistance in greenhouse whitefly was assessed in the entomological Laboratory of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University of China. After F7 generations of screening, the resistance increased 15.33 times. Synergistic agents were significantly enhanced, and the activities of multifunctional oxidase, carboxylesterase, and glutathione sulfur transferase were significantly increased in resistant strains compared with sensitive strains of the greenhouse whitefly. Sixteen detoxifying enzyme genes were detected by using RT‐PCR, and the expression levels of 11 detoxifying enzyme genes were significantly increased in resistant strains. These include eight P450 genes in the CYP4, CYP6, CYP18, CYP301, CYP304, and CYP314 families; two CarE genes in the Clade C and Clade E families; and one GST gene in the Sigma family. Several of these family members have been reported as detoxification enzyme genes of metabolic insecticide. This study showed that P450, CarE and GST together resulted in moderate resistance to flupyradifurone in greenhouse whitefly. The analysis revealed several overexpressed detoxification enzyme genes that will be the focus of future studies on the mechanism of resistance to flupyradifurone.