bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behaviour of demountable steel‐concrete composite beams with bolts and headed studs
Authors: Jakovljević Isidora , Spremić Milan , Fric Nenad , Marković Zlatko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImplementation of demountable beams in steel‐concrete composite floors enables structure reuse during several life cycles, consequently leading to savings in material consumption and reduction of emissions, providing overall ecological benefits. The behaviour of the innovative demountable beam with a shear connection consisting of headed studs and bolts is analysed in this paper. The proposed beam is formed of a steel profile and a steel‐concrete composite slab cast in open trough profiled steel sheeting. Headed studs, welded to the additional steel angles, are placed in sheeting ribs, whereas bolts are installed between ribs, connecting the steel angles and profile flange. A numerical FE model of a full‐scale steel‐concrete composite beam has been developed to analyse the beam behaviour under service loads. Experimental results of push‐out tests have been used to describe the load‐slip behaviour of headed studs, whereas bolt response has been simulated according to the experimental investigations of lap joints with preloaded bolts and oversize holes. The parametric study has been conducted by varying the bolt diameter, grade and bolt hole size. The results have validated the applicability of the proposed system, confirming the fulfilment of serviceability limit state requirements.
Deformation behaviour of high‐strength steel welds using DIC
Authors: Ghimire Abhishek , Wald František 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the deformation and strength behaviour of high‐strength steel (HSS) transverse fillet welds. The behaviour of six lap‐welded fillet joints made of high‐strength steels (HSSs) is investigated under tension load through experiment. Due to some weaknesses in the deformation measurement using traditional techniques, the digital image correlation technique (DIC) is used to measure the deformation of transverse fillet weld connections. The development of the deformation on the specimen throughout the loading process was analysed using DIC measurement. The deformation of transverse fillet lap‐welded connections from HSS is always less than 1 mm. The strength calculated from the weld's fracture surface area shows better results than the theoretical weld area because it provides the real strength of the weld. In most cases, the weld failure did not occur along the throat section. Moreover, it is confirmed that the analytical models offered by prEN 1993‐1‐8:2020 are conservative for all the specimens.
Effects of section slenderness and concrete strength on the cross‐sectional behaviour of lightweight concrete‐filled cold‐formed built‐up box sections
Authors: Teoh Keat Bin , Chua Yie Sue 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper concerns axial compressive behaviour of lightweight concrete‐filled cold‐formed built‐up box sections (CFBBS) at cross‐sectional level. A total of twenty‐four lightweight concrete‐filled CFBBS stub columns and their hollow counterparts—formed by nesting two asymmetric lipped channel sections front‐to‐front—were tested. The varying parameters in the present experimental study included three cross‐section slenderness (h/t) ranging from 75 to 125 and three concrete grades (fc) with measured cylinder strengths varying from 33.5 to 55.6 MPa. The typical mechanical behaviour of the stub column tests was discussed in terms of load‐end shortening response. The parametric influences on the load‐end shortening response and ultimate compressive load were scrutinised.
Material characterisation tests of ultra‐high‐strength steels S960QL and S1100M under natural fire conditions
Authors: Uszball Sara , Knobloch Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFire hazards represent one of the most important threats to the built environment with serious economic consequences for society and most dangerous threats to life. Fire engineering is the key discipline to improve fire safety in the building environment in a cost‐effective manner. Comprehensive knowledge of the material behavior is the basis for a thorough understanding and a realistic modeling of the structural fire behavior of steel structures. For state‐of‐the‐art buildings with increasing requirements, the utilization of high‐strength steels is favorable, as they can contribute to resource and energy efficiency due to their good strength‐to‐weight ratio. Modern production processes enable the production of structural steels with very high nominal yield strengths. For those ultra‐high‐strength steels there are currently no experimental results available regarding the material behavior in case of fire and the post fire residual strengths. The paper provides experimental data of the first test program regarding the constitutive material behavior of ultra‐high‐strength steels of grades S960QL and S1100M in the case of fire, taking into account the entire fire progress including the heating and cooling phases and the post fire range.
Out‐of‐plane flexural buckling design resistance of welded I‐members made of flame‐cut flanges
Authors: Lebastard Maxime , Couchaux Maël , Bureau Alain , Hjiaj Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn practice, welded I‐members of steel buildings are usually made of flanges that are either wide hot‐rolled plates, or plates longitudinally divided using flame‐cuts. The residual stresses distributions resulting from both types of fabrication process are substantially different. However, the Eurocode 3 buckling design resistance of a welded I‐member in compression assumes hot‐rolled flanges, thus neglecting the beneficial impact of flame‐cuts. A parametric study is then performed regarding the out‐of‐plane flexural buckling of welded members made of flame‐cut flanges. 377 doubly symmetric members either with a uniform or a tapered cross‐section are studied. These numerical results are firstly employed to evaluate the safety and accuracy of the Eurocode 3 rules for such members by computing partial factors. The current rules proving overly conservative, two proposals are made for welded columns made of flame‐cut flanges. A first simple proposal suggests a more favorable buckling curve. A second proposal introduces an imperfection factor depending on the cross‐sectional height‐to‐width ratio. Partial factors computed for both proposals are satisfactory, the second proposal being more precise.
Bending resistance of steel‐timber composite (STC) beams: analytical vs. numerical investigations
Authors: Romero Alfredo , Yang Jie , Odenbreit Christoph 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis contribution presents the results of analytical and numerical investigations of the ultimate bending resistance of simply supported steel‐timber composite beams with uniformly distributed load, they consist of three main components: (i) the laminated veneer lumber (LVL) slab, (ii) the downstand steel beam (IPE‐profile) connected by means of (iii) demountable shear connectors, which allow for deconstruction and circular reuse of the steel beam as well as the timber slab element. The mechanical properties of the cross‐banded LVL as well as the load‐slip curves of demountable shear connectors, which have been obtained experimentally, were implemented in both the analytical and numerical models. In this paper both solutions have been compared, first the ultimate bending resistance was calculated analytically through a strain‐controlled approach with various degrees of shear connection. Then, numerical simulations were conducted in the finite element software ABAQUS to determine the ultimate bending capacity and the load‐deformation behaviour. Finally, the results of both approaches are presented and compared.
Directly Reusable Steel Column Base Connection ‐ Concept and Numerical investigation
Authors: JEYABALAN Aswin Kumar , SELVARAJ Sivaganesh , CHAN Tak‐Ming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConstruction industry as a whole should transform into designs that enable demountability and direct reuse of structural elements to achieve the circularity in construction. Currently, structural connections enabling direct reuse of components in construction are limited. Column base connections are one of the main load transfer units of a steel structure for the magnitude of the forces being transferred from the superstructure. This paper presents an interlocking type of column base connection that enables direct reuse of all associated structural components. The proposed interlocking connection transfers the force through the plate bearing and holding mechanisms and requires minimal number of bolts. In addition to the direct reuse and better load transfer approach, the new interlocking connection enhances and simplifies the mounting procedure that leads to increased productivity in construction. This article discusses the overall concept of the proposed interlocking connection, design philosophy and compares the failure modes with existing conventional bolted column base connections for various loading cases through finite element analyses. Main parameters investigated are the effects of bearing length of connector element and connector element thickness under uniaxial loading. A finite element model of the proposed interlocking connection is built through which the influential parameters are analysed.
Buckling behavior of tubes subjected to combined bending and torsion
Authors: Ding Victoria , Ádány Sándor , Torabian Shahab , Pervizaj Anil , Schafer Benjamin W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWind turbine towers are highly slender and made of thin cylindrical shells with large diameter‐to‐thickness ratios, which means stability is an essential concern. The high diameter‐to‐thickness ratios of these cylinders make them highly imperfection sensitive, meaning their failure loads and failure modes are highly dependent on initial geometries. Combined bending and torsion is commonly a controlling load case in the upper tower segments, but this load case has not seen significant study to date. To address the knowledge gap, an experimental study was conducted on the stability of cylinders under combined bending and torsion. A total of 48 cylinders were tested with varying diameter‐to‐thickness ratios and bending‐to‐torsion combinations seen in wind turbine towers. To better understand how imperfections affect the buckling modes of these thin‐walled cylinders, a 3D laser scanner was used to determine geometric imperfections of each test specimen prior to testing. This paper details the test setup and results of the experiments.
Fatigue behaviour of hybrid grouted joints under axial loading
Authors: Boretzki Jakob , Albiez Matthias , Damm Jannis , Ummenhofer Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSteel constructions made of circular hollow sections are commonly joined by welding or ring‐flange bolting. An additional, novel joining method is the so‐called hybrid grouted joint. The hybrid grouted joint is characterised by its multi‐layered composition. In contrast to state‐of‐the‐art grouted joints, hybrid grouted joints include thin adhesive layers, which are applied on the steel surfaces prior to grouting. Sand grains are embedded in the yet uncured adhesive. After the curing of the adhesive, the surface has a high degree of roughness. This allows a high‐performance interlock between fine grain grout and the adhesively bonded sand granules across the contact surfaces in the overlap area. The ability to transfer loads across a wide area with low stress concentrations makes the hybrid grouted joint a promising joint alternative especially regarding the fatigue performance. This paper summarises the main findings concerning fatigue behaviour of the hybrid grouted joint under axial loading. Wöhler diagrams were determined in numerous fatigue tests for two combinations of adhesive and grout.
New Boca del Cerro Bridge at Section 1 of the “Tren Maya” railway
Authors: Cornejo Miguel Ortega , Utrilla Pedro Atanasio , González Jokin Ugarte , Crespo Kevin Rincón 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe new Boca del Cerro Bridge is in southern Mexico at the exit of the Usumacinta River Canyon, in the city council of Tenosique in the state of Tabasco. A place of an extraordinary environmental value.This area is also a strategic crossing point, in which the actual Bridge over the Usumacinta River was built in 1950. It is a structure of extraordinary value, which is a milestone of the engineering of the time, with an upper arch of steel truss.The new Boca del Cerro Bridge has been designed, for the new Section 1 of the “Tren Maya” railway, parallel to the actual bridge. The solution adopted for the new bridge consists of a main span of double steel truss with double composite action (steel and concrete) and variable depth, that will be embedded in two lateral compensation spans of prestressed concrete.The new bridge has been designed in order to ensure a minimal “competition” and intrusion with the existing bridge and to enhance the beauty of the surrounding nature.The structural typology election has been conditioned by the advantages of its constructive process, that allows structure built‐up without riverbed support. To achieve this, the central span is planned to be erected by incremental cantilevers, carrying truss segments over the deck.
General method for I‐section stainless steel beam‐columns
Authors: Arrais Flávio , Jandera Michal 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA significant progress in the development of stainless steel design procedures which were implemented also in new design standards proposals, prEN 1993‐1‐4:2021 and AISI 370‐21, has been going on in the last 15 years. For compressed members, buckling curves were revised and beam‐column interaction formulas were published for hollow and open sections. Buckling curve was significantly improved for double‐symmetrical I section beams. The Continuous Strength Method was introduced in the code. Also, a verification procedure using a plastic global analysis was developed and implemented in design procedures very recently. However, clear design rules for geometrically non‐linear analysis with equivalent member and structural imperfections need further research. This approach, known also as the general method, became a very popular method for carbon steel structures, but cannot be used for slender stainless steel structures without modification. The stainless steel nonlinear stress strain diagram leads to a reduction of the bending stiffness and thus higher second‐order effect, which needs to be covered in the procedure. In this research, a comparison is made on numerical parametric studies. Limits will be set for the applicability of the carbon steel design procedures and a preliminary recommendation for general method of stainless steel members will be presented.
Urban Viaducts at Section 1 of the “Tren Maya” railway
Authors: Cornejo Miguel Ortega , Utrilla Pedro Atanasio , González Jokin Ugarte , Maroto Alberto Suz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe new Urban Viaducts at the Section 1 of the “Tren Maya” railway are located in southern Mexico, at the municipalities of Tenosique (State of Tabasco) and Candelaria and Escárcega (State of Campeche).The structural solution for the urban viaducts' deck is made of a reinforced concrete slab with a pair of “I” main steel girders. The girders have vertical bracing trusses, in order to reduce the distortion of the cross‐section, and a lower horizontal bracing truss, to close the torsional circuit. Steel diaphragms are located at the supports to transfer vertical and horizontals forces to the column.Viaducts consist of a succession of simply supported 40 m spans. The lengths of the viaducts are: 2920 m Tenosique, 990 m Candelaria and 1080 m Escárcega.The viaducts are located in a zone of high seismicity hazard, so the columns' design has been developed by a displacement‐capacity analysis. As a result, they consist of a single shaft on which rests a pier cap, both of reinforced concrete.This typology has been chosen because of the benefits of its construction process, which allows the execution of the spans to be independent. The steel structure of the deck also allows to reduce its mass, what helps to reduce the dimensions of the substructure.
Slotted lightweight steel sections for thermal improvement of building envelopes
Authors: Pauli Gesa , Kuhnhenne Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThin‐walled steel sections are used as substructures in multi‐shell constructions of metal facades to create space for thermal insulation. They transfer parallel and vertical loads acting on the outer cladding into the load‐bearing system. Thus, they penetrate the layer of thermal insulation and form a thermal bridge. The resulting thermal losses can be e.g. compensated by higher insulation thicknesses or the change of material selection, but both options usually come along with an increased demand of material and additional costs. By inserting slots in the webs of the steel sections the thermal bridge effect can be reduced. The use of one‐piece substructures enables a faster and thus more cost‐effective installation compared to classic two‐part substructures consisting of a bracket and mounting rail system. Although linear components initially exhibit a greater thermal bridge effect, due to the prolongation of the heat flow through slotted webs these can be thermally improved. However, the insertion of slots weakens the section, which requires the consideration of its load‐bearing behaviour. The improvement of thermal behaviour and the reduction of the load‐bearing capacity is investigated in ongoing research. First results show that both thermal and structural requirements of building practice can be achieved by the investigated slotted steel sections.
Simplified nonlinear analysis of doubly corrugated cold‐formed steel arches
Authors: Casafont Miquel , Bové Oriol , Marimon Frederic , Ferrer Miquel , Soltanalipour Milad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDoubly corrugated steel arches are made by pressing transverse corrugations on trapezoidal cold‐formed steel sheets. Several studies show that these transverse corrugations may have a significant detrimental effect on the stiffness and load‐bearing capacity of the original trapezoidal profile. This paper presents an experimental campaign aimed at investigating the effects of transverse corrugations on the behaviour of arches. The campaign includes reduced tests on flat sheets and sheets with a single corrugation, as well as full tests on arches with spans ranging from 10 to 20 m. Subsequently, a simplified design procedure based on nonlinear 2D beam finite element models is proposed. The models account for the transverse corrugation effects by using intermediate rotational springs and equivalent beam section areas, which are calibrated from the results of the reduced experiments. A brief sensitivity study of the finite element results with respect to different modelling factors is conducted, and the different effects of the corrugation assessed. Finally, the simplified finite element models are validated by comparing the experimental and numerical force‐displacement curves, which show reasonably good agreement. However, further research is needed to refine and extend the proposed procedure.
The effect of prebuckling deflections on the lateral‐torsional buckling of beams: numerical studies
Authors: ABU REDEN Ghaith A. , ADANY Sandor 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this research the effect of prebuckling in‐plane deflections on the critical moment to lateral‐torsional buckling of beams is investigated. Though this topic is already discussed in the literature, the relevant papers show that there are some discrepancies in the proposals and results from the various authors. In this paper a numerical parametric study is reported, conducted on doubly symmetric simple supported I‐shaped beams. The critical moment values were calculated with and without considering the effect of prebuckling deflections. Various methods were considered, including analytical formulae, thin‐walled beam finite element, and shell finite element calculations. The results justify that the in‐plane deflection has a positive effect on the critical moments, and that the effect is essentially determined by the ratio of in‐plane and lateral rigidities. However, the results highlight that the moment‐increasing effect of the prebuckling deformations can be much smaller compared to the prediction of the analytical formulae, if a shell finite element model is employed.
On the Capacity of Beams with U Cross Section Subjected to Bending and Torsion
Authors: Moscoso Caridad , Kraus Matthias 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBeams with singly symmetric U cross sections are often subjected to bending about the strong axis and simultaneously to scheduled torsion, since the shear center is outside the section geometry. The member capacity of such sections, which is strongly influenced by effects of lateral torsional buckling, can therefore hardly be represented with the common design regulations based on reduction factors χLT of EN 1993‐1‐1. However, numerical approaches allow analyzing deeply the structural behavior of corresponding beams. In the present study, different numerical finite element simulations (GMNIA) including simplified numerical models based on the plastic zones theory are incorporated to determine member capacities and to derive corresponding reduction factors for simplified verifications. As the load‐bearing capacity of members susceptible to stability is strongly influenced by imperfections, the straightness according to manufacturing tolerances as well as approaches for the acquisition of structural imperfections (residual stresses) are considered in the numerical analyses. The investigations are carried out for selected structural systems with different sets of parameters, such as for the member lengths and cross section types. Concluding, a capacity curve is derived and compared to different reduction factors χLT specified in EN 1993‐1‐1.
Assessment of Embodied Carbon in a Tied‐Arch Bridge
Authors: Ruck Natalie , Naraidoo Elenor , Liu Chenying , Kamali Mohammadreza , Karabulut Burak , Rossi Barbara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe urgent need for carbon‐neutral structures arises from the construction industry's contributions to global carbon emissions and the unprecedented rate of global warming. This paper focuses on steel tied‐arch bridges and explores the possibilities of achieving carbon‐neutral design. Firstly, a scientometric study is conducted to identify key focus areas and emerging research trends in this field. The study encompasses publications that emphasize minimizing either the cost of structures or their detrimental impact to the environment. Taking a steel tied‐arch bridge as an example, we subsequently examine its embodied carbon under different design and manufacturing factors. The study reveals that structural design modifications and the use of high‐strength steel can significantly reduce the global warming potential of the bridge's superstructure. The paper then discusses current methods to reduce (or even cancel out) the embodied carbon associated with the bridge's steel superstructure and concrete substructure. It is demonstrated that the tied‐arch bridge's total embodied carbon can be reduced to up to 82%.