bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Polymorphism of Toll-Like Receptors in HIV-I Infected Patients with and without Tuberculosis Co-Infection
Authors: Kaushik Gaurav , Vashishtha Richa , Tripathi Himanshu , Yadav Raj Narayan 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are identified as one of the key components of innate immune system due to their ability to sense conserved molecular motifs associated with several pathogens. It has been implicated from several evidence that mutations in genes encoding TLRs are associated with increased or decreased susceptibility to various infectious diseases.

Methods:
The study was prospective, cross-sectional, as well as longitudinal in nature, which includes 223 HIV-positive patients, 150 HIV-positive patients with latent tuberculosis (TB) infection, 150 HIV-positive patients with active TB, 200 HIV-negative newly diagnosed sputum smear positive pulmonary TB patients, and 205 healthy subjects.

Results:
A statistically significant difference was observed in allelic frequencies of TLR4 between healthy subjects and HIV + TB patients (P < 0.001), healthy subjects, and pulmonary TB (PTB) Category-I patients (P < 0.01) and between healthy subjects and HIV + TB patients (P < 0.001). TLR4 genotype frequencies were also significantly different between healthy subjects and PTB Cat I patients (P < 0.001) and HIV + and HIV + TB patients (P < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was also observed between HIV + and PTB Cat I patients (P = 0.04), HIV + LTBI and HIV + TB patients (P = 0.01), and between HIV + TB and PTB Cat I patients (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
This study implicates that Asp299Gly polymorphism in TLR4 gene is associated with increased susceptibility to active TB in HIV-seropositive patients. Increased frequency of 'A' allele in TLR9 gene was also discovered at the time of active TB development in ART naïve HIV + patients, who developed active TB on follow-up.
Female Genital Tuberculosis in Pakistan – a Retrospective Review of 10-Year Laboratory Data and Analysis of 32 Cases
Authors: Fatima Tazeen , Hasan Rumina , Malik Faisal Riaz , Ahmed Imran , Bartlett Linda Alice , Gravett Michael G. , Shakoor Sadia 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is an underobserved clinical entity owing to diagnostic challenges stemming from difficulty of obtaining diagnostic specimens and paucibacillary nature of the disease. Yet, FGTB is a cause of infertility, pelvic pain, or menstrual irregularities in high-burden countries. To assess laboratory and microbiology diagnostic utilization for FGTB in Pakistan, we have collected data from 2007 to 2016 to inform the need for improved laboratory diagnostics. The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of FGTB as culture-confirmed extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and to describe the characteristics of women with culture-confirmed FGTB in a nationwide laboratory network in Pakistan.

Method:
A retrospective database was established by accessing laboratory archives and analyzed by sex and source to determine extrapulmonary cases among women. Data were checked for quality, and after removing patient identifiers and duplicate samples, frequencies were calculated in MS Excel. Clinical characteristics of patients were derived from a linked hospital database for those patients who were diagnosed and managed at the affiliated university hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Results:
Over 10 years, 410,748 mycobacterial cultures were received from multiple geographic sites throughout Pakistan and processed at the study laboratory. The overall mean culture positivity rate was 5.9% ± 3.5%, while the mean culture positivity rate among females was 2.8% ± 0.8%. Among female culture-confirmed tuberculosis cases, the pulmonary-to-EPTB ratio of infection was 5. Over 10 years, a total of 32 FGTB cases were reported on the basis of positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis; 3 (9.4%) were rifampin resistant.

Conclusions:
FGTB currently constitutes a small but significant proportion of culture-confirmed EPTB. A fewer number of laboratory requisitions suggest the need to increase awareness and testing. The advent of high-sensitivity molecular testing on extrapulmonary specimens has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and improved detection of FGTB cases in high-burden regions.
Laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy for adrenal tumours of 6 cm or greater: A single-centre experience
Authors: Öz Bahadır , Cücük Ömer , Gök Mustafa , Akcan Alper , Sözüer Erdoğan 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) for large adrenal tumours by comparing the outcomes of tumours larger than 6 cm with those smaller than 6 cm and also to identify the risk factors associated with prolonged operative time in transperitoneal LA.

Patients and Methods:
One hundred and sixty-three patients underwent LA at our clinic from January 2014 to December 2020. Bilateral LA was performed in 20 of these 163 patients. A total of 143 patients were included in this study. Data were analysed retrospectively from the patients’ medical records collected.

Results:
Large tumour (LT) group consists of 33 patients and the small tumour (ST) group consists of 110 patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding conversion to open surgery and complications. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent predictors of prolonged operation time. The tumour size ≥8 cm (odds ratio [OR], 19.132; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.881–94.303; P < 0.001) and diagnosis of pheochromocytoma (OR, 2.762; 95% CI, (1.123–6.789, P = 0.026) were the significant predictors of prolonged operation time.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that LA can be considered the treatment of choice for small and large adrenal tumours. The tumour size ≥8 cm and diagnosis of pheochromocytoma are the independent risk factors for the prolonged operative time in transperitoneal LA.
Awake uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the management of pericardial effusion
Authors: Çardak Murat Ersin , Külahçioglu Seyhmus , Erdem Esin 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Pericardial drainage can be performed either with pericardiocentesis or pericardial “window” in cases with hemodynamic compromise for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Awake single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is an alternative to pericardial window (PW) that has been described only in case reports in the literature. We aimed to analyse a series of patients with chronic, recurrent and/or large pericardial effusions who underwent single-port VATS-PW opening without intubation.

Patients and Methods:
The PW was opened using awake single-port VATS in 20 of 23 patients referred to our clinic with recurrent, chronic and/or large pericardial effusion between December 2021 and July 2022. Demographic data, imaging modalities, treatment processes and pathological samples were analysed retrospectively.

Results:
The median age of 20 patients was 68 years (52–81). The mean body mass index was 29.1 ± 6.0 kg/m2 and mean pericardial fluid measurements with pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was 2,8 ± 0,9 cm. The mean operation time was 44 ± 13.0 min and mean peri-operative drainage was 700 ± 307 cc. On the 1st post-operative day, control TTE revealed ≤0.5 cm effusion in 18 (90%) patients and ≥0.5 cm in 2 (10%) patients. The median day of discharge or referral to the clinic where they are followed up was 1 (1–2).

Conclusions:
Awake single-port VATS could be used safely in all patient groups with pericardial effusion or tamponade as a diagnostic and therapeutic option. This technique has advantages, especially in patients with high surgical risk.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas Revisited. A Detailed Cytological Analysis
Authors: Mallik Mrinmay Kumar , Kapila Kusum , Mohanty Asit Kumar , Inamdar Shafi Ahmed , AlAli Ali , Al Naseer Abdullah 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Early detection of pancreatic adenocarcinomas is essential for improving survival. In this regard, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) has established itself as the method of choice for its ability to target lesions smaller than those which could be targeted by the traditional imaging methods like transabdominal ultrasound. Identifying these tumors correctly on FNA may be challenging because pancreatic adenocarcinomas may show a wide range of morphological features and the presence of contaminants from the gastrointestinal tract may show up as potential pitfalls. This study presents detailed cytomorphological analyses of 59 cases reported as pancreatic adenocarcinomas on smears and cell blocks. The clinical and histopathology follow-up data wherever available have also been presented.

Materials and Methods:
EUS-FNAC smears and cell blocks from cases reported as pancreatic adenocarcinomas were retrospectively evaluated with individual assessments of a range of features related to cellularity, cellular arrangement, cytoplasmic qualities, and nuclear features. Aspirates from peripancreatic lymph nodes, histopathology sections, and clinical records were reviewed wherever available.

Results:
Nonneoplastic cells like pancreatic ductal cells and acinar cells, duodenal, and gastric epithelia were detected along with neoplastic cells showing a wide range of variations in different cytomorphological characters. Often, a mixture of features was noted in the same case. Cell block preparations served as useful adjuncts since they made it possible to render unequivocal diagnoses of malignancies in cases where smears were hypocellular.

Conclusion:
The study creates a useful knowledge base of cytomorphological features of pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus Genotype Distribution in Cervical Samples
Authors: Bakir Ayfer , Alacam Sema , Karabulut Nuran , Beka Hayati , Ozluk Yasemin , Yilmazbayhan Dilek , Agacfidan Ali 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The most common sexually transmitted infection in the world is human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for 60–80% of cervical cancers and precancerous cervical lesions worldwide.

Aim:
In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the correlation of HPV genotype distribution with cervical cytology results in cervical smear samples and to contribute to HPV epidemiology.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 72 female patients. For detection of the HPV genotypes, a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method that could detect more than 25 different HPV types was used. The cervical cytology and histopathology results of the patients were also evaluated simultaneously.

Results:
The frequency of high-risk HPV was 35% (25/72). The most common types were HPV51 (10%), HPV16 (8%), and HPV66 (8%), respectively. The most common type HPV51 and multiple HPV types were seen in 21–34 age groups. HPV DNA was detected in 21 of 43 samples that had cervical smear diagnosis grouping. Twelve samples (26%) had normal cytology. Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were the most common cytological diagnosis in HPV DNA positive samples. The most common HPV types in the patients diagnosed low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were HPV16 and HPV52.

Conclusions:
In this study, the frequency of high-risk HPV genotypes was 35% as similar to reports of the other studies conducted in our country. The most common types were HPV51, HPV16, and HPV66, respectively. The follow-up of patients with HPV51 infection in our area could help to improve the natural course of the disease and effective prevention programs.
Activity recognition of stroke‐affected people using wearable sensor
Authors: David Anusha , Ramadoss Rajavel , Ramachandran Amutha , Sivapatham Shoba 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStroke is one of the leading causes of long‐term disability worldwide, placing huge burdens on individuals and society. Further, automatic human activity recognition is a challenging task that is vital to the future of healthcare and physical therapy. Using a baseline long short‐term memory recurrent neural network, this study provides a novel dataset of stretching, upward stretching, flinging motions, hand‐to‐mouth movements, swiping gestures, and pouring motions for improved model training and testing of stroke‐affected patients. A MATLAB application is used to output textual and audible prediction results. A wearable sensor with a triaxial accelerometer is used to collect preprocessed real‐time data. The model is trained with features extracted from the actual patient to recognize new actions, and the recognition accuracy provided by multiple datasets is compared based on the same baseline model. When training and testing using the new dataset, the baseline model shows recognition accuracy that is 11% higher than the Activity Daily Living dataset, 22% higher than the Activity Recognition Single Chest‐Mounted Accelerometer dataset, and 10% higher than another real‐world dataset.
Strengths-Based Practice to Enhance Mental Health for Autistic People: A Scoping Review
Authors: Murthi Kavitha , Chen Yu-Lun , Shore Stephen , Patten Kristie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImportance: Existing autism assessments, interventions, and research focus primarily on deficits rather than strengths, which affects autistic people’s well-being and their physical and mental health.Objective: To develop an operational definition for strengths-based practice, develop a taxonomy to classify studies that characterize and provide strengths-based assessments and interventions, and present the impact on the mental health and well-being of autistic people of using strengths and interests in practice.Data Sources: Literature was searched from 2000 to 2021 in the CINAHL, PsycINFO, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, Web of Science, JSTOR, and ERIC databases.Study Selection and Data Collection: A five-stage scoping review framework was merged with Joanna Briggs Institute enhancements to scrutinize peer-reviewed studies written in English that characterized and provided strengths-based assessments and interventions.Findings: We sorted the 38 studies into four categories: strengths-based interventions, descriptive studies, exploratory studies, and commentaries. We found three fundamental themes: mental health outcomes, increased knowledge in interest areas, and supportive environments. Strengths-based interventions were related to positive social engagement, learning, self-advocacy, and anxiety reduction. Descriptive studies used strength assessments and examined stakeholder perceptions of strengths. Exploratory studies explored ways to incorporate strengths in practice. Finally, commentaries discussed the need to presume autistic competence and involve autistic people in research and practice.Conclusions and Relevance: Despite the small body of literature, these findings have implications for pushing the boundaries of support to center the needs of autistic people and form genuine client collaborations.What This Article Adds: This article adds to the understanding of using the strengths and interests of autistic people by incorporating their voices into occupational therapy research and practice in meaningful and purposeful ways.Positionality Statement: This article uses the identity-first language autistic people. This nonableist language describes their strengths and abilities and is a conscious decision. This language is favored by autistic communities and self-advocates and has been adopted by health care professionals and researchers (Bottema-Beutel et al., 2021; Kenny et al., 2016).
The current practice of student’ soft skill training at Dong Thap University: From the perspectives of students and lecturers, educational managers
Authors: Tran Dai Nghia 
Published: April 2023

The article is aimed at assessing the current situation of soft skills training of students at Dong Thap University. The sample was composed of 600 students from eleven departments; 180 managers, lecturers and employees of Dong Thap University. At the same time, we also designed in-depth interviews with 15 students, 10 lecturers and 5 managers about the present situation of soft skills training at Dong Thap University in the 1st semester of the school year 2021-2022 who were chosen to complete a 27-item questionnaire on a Likert scale to measure their soft skill. The results of the assessment of the current state of soft skills training show an overview of students' soft skills. Based on the results, we could have some proposals to improve soft skills for students at Dong Thap University in order to help each student self-train necessary soft skills to meet the conditions of the realities, social requirements and employers’ expectations.
Building students' learning management website to achieve the learning outcomes of Foreign Language and Informatics at Dong Thap University
Authors: Tran Van Manh , Pham Hue Minh 
Published: April 2023

The article presents the current situation and necessary needs of support for academic advisors to monitor the progress of learners in achieving the foreign language and informatics learning outcomes. The paper describes the building process of this website system, its functions, results and development directions to support academic advisors in monitoring and tracking statistics on students’ learning and outcome achievement for Foreign Languages and Informatics through exam results database for class management on the website system of Foreign Languages and Informatics Center at Dong Thap University.
Teaching Mathematics in English: Applying crucial fundamental tools to support primary students
Authors: Ha Thai Thuy Lam , Vo Tan Duyen , Nguyen Thi Kieu 
Published: April 2023

In the current digital era, many international primary schools and also national primary schools have offered bilinguals subjects in students’ studies, especially Maths and Science, so that pre-school teachers should be capable of teaching Maths in English. This article examines the way to use several basic tools in order to increase motivation for Pre-service Primary Teachers – who have been equipped academic knowledge fully, can speak English relatively well, and are confident in self practicing and promoting vocabulary.
Beneficios fiscales del sector primario, agricultura, ganadería, silvicultura y pesca
Authors: Yepiz Solís Brenda Lilian , Ballesteros Grijalva Mónica 
Published: April 2023

El sector primario, mismo que comprende las actividades agrícolas, ganaderas, pesqueras y silvícolas, tiene una enorme importancia en el desarrollo de la economía. Considerando lo anterior por diversos años, los legisladores y autoridades fiscales le han otorgado diversos beneficios fiscales a este sector (Pérez, 2016). La información que encontrarán en primer lugar la problemática que llevo a elegir el temas consiste en que en este sector en su mayoría se encuentra en zonas alejadas de las ciudades y derivado de eso tienen muy poca capacidad y estructura administrativa para el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones fiscales; el objetivo es identificar los beneficios y estímulos aplicables a las empresas, tanto persona física como persona moral al tributar este régimen para la determinación de la carga tributaria, metodología cualitativa descriptiva, conoceremos los requisitos y las obligaciones conlleva, después se enfoca a conocer los beneficios que son las facilidades administrativas y los estímulos fiscales que se puede obtener, se puede observar en la investigación que existen beneficios y estímulos en materia del impuesto sobre la renta, seguridad social y también sobre la adquisición de diésel; todo esto con la intención de exponer los beneficios y determinar si es conveniente principalmente en materia económica.
E-pymes de exportación textil artesanal mexicana, en tiempos de integración virtual y economías digitales
Authors: Arellano Grajales Beatriz , Bocanegra Gastelum Carmen 
Published: April 2023

El comercio electrónico trasfronterizo en el contexto de la economía digital y el regionalismo abierto permite facilitar la exportación de los productos de los artesanos mexicanos. Esto se puede lograr a través del incentivo a los emprendimientos de e-pymes artesanales, al mismo tiempo, que reactiva la economia de los propios artesanos. En el mismo sentido, la investigación da respuesta a las siguientes interrogantes: ¿cuál es el país con mayor demanda de productos artesanales para exportar por región (TTP11, TLCUEM 2.0, T-MEC y AP)? ¿cuál es la participación del comercio electrónico y del PIB cultural en el PIB nacional? y ¿cuál es el proceso de levantamiento de capital y a dónde acudir para solicitar apoyos privados y gubernamentales?
Obligaciones de previsión social en el esquema de Outsourcing (subcontratación) en Hermosillo
Authors: Báez Juvera Mayra Alejandra , Calles Montijo Fernando , Licona López Hiram Isaak 
Published: April 2023

En el presente artículo se destacan los puntos relevantes acerca de las obligaciones en materia constitucional, legal y social que deben sujetarse las empresas contratantes y contratistas. Se verán las obligaciones de previsión social establecidas en la Constitución de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, en la Ley Federal del Trabajo, en la Ley del Seguro Social y la Ley del Instituto del Fondo Nacional de la Vivienda para los Trabajadores. Finalmente, se analizarán las problemáticas y objetivos para el correcto análisis de las empresas de subcontratación laboral en Hermosillo, Sonora. El presente trabajo es un avance de una investigación en curso.
Sikap dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Pemberian Imunisasi pada Anak Usia 0-24 Bulan
Authors: Sari Syafiqah Tsabitah , Santoso Eko Budi , Yuliastuti Retno Ayu 
Published: April 2023

Trend cakupan imunisasi campak pada 10 tahun terakhir selalu di atas 90%. Namun pada tahun 2020, cakupan imunisasi dasar lengkap secara nasional sebesar 83,3% belum memenuhi target Renstra 2020 sebesar 92,9%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan sikap dan dukungan keluarga dengan pemberian imunisasi pada anak usia 0-24 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskemas Kalirungkut Surabaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik korelasional dengan rancang bangun cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu-ibu yang memiliki anak usia 0-24 bulan di Puskesmas Kalirungkut Surabaya sebanyak 10 responden dengan teknik sampling yaitu accudental sampling. Variabel independen penelitian ini adalah sikap dan dukungan keluarga sementara variabel dependen yaitu pemberian imunisasi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan kuesioner. Analisa data menggunakan uji korelasi rank spearmant dengan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian analis data uji rank spearman diperoleh korelasi dengan p<0,05. Uji rank spearman menunjukkan bahwa sikap dan dukungan keluarga berhubungan dengan pemberian imunisasi pada anak usia 0-24 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kalirungkut Surabaya (p=0,040). Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap dan dukungan keluarga dengan pemberian imunisasi pada anak usia 0-24 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kalirungkut Surabaya.. Disarankan bagi puskesmas untuk mengadakan seminar penyuluhan.