bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust deep learning-based fault detection of planetary gearbox using enhanced health data map under domain shift problem
Authors: Hwang Taewan , Ha Jong Moon , Youn Byeng D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The conventional deep learning-based fault diagnosis approach faces challenges under the domain shift problem, where the model encounters different working conditions from the ones it was trained on. This challenge is particularly pronounced in the diagnosis of planetary gearboxes due to the complicated vibrations they generate, which can vary significantly based on the system characteristics of the gearbox. To solve this challenge, this paper proposes a robust deep learning-based fault-detection approach for planetary gearboxes by utilizing an enhanced health data map (HDMap). Although there is an HDMap method that visually expresses the vibration signal of the planetary gearbox according to the gear meshing position, it is greatly influenced by machine operating conditions. In this study, domain-specific features from the HDMap are further removed, while the fault-related features are enhanced. Autoencoder-based residual analysis and digital image-processing techniques are employed to address the domain-shift problem. The performance of the proposed method was validated under significant domain-shift problem conditions, as demonstrated by studying two gearbox test rigs with different configurations operated under stationary and non-stationary operating conditions. Validation accuracy was measured in all 12 possible domain-shift scenarios. The proposed method achieved robust fault detection accuracy, outperforming prior methods in most cases.
Documenting Twenty Years of the Contracted Labor-Intensive Forestry Workforce on National Forest System Lands in the United States
Authors: Deak Alison , Huber-Stearns Heidi , Crandall Mindy , Poudel Kamana , Davis Emily Jane , Coughlan Michael R , Wilmsen Carl 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the first nationwide analysis detailing the scope and scale of labor-intensive forestry contracts performed on National Forest System lands and examines the businesses contracted, location and types of work performed, and distance traveled by businesses between 2001 and 2020. During the study period, 61,698 contracts were awarded to 7,896 businesses, totaling $12.9 billion, to perform labor-intensive forestry work, with most work being contracted for wildfire-related activities. Businesses were typically located in western states and non-minority owned businesses received the majority of contracts. Of minority-owned businesses, Hispanic American–owned businesses received the most contracts. The median distance that businesses traveled to accomplish work increased significantly through time but differed by business type. Understanding the scope and work of businesses awarded contracts provides insight into the workforce and its relationship to marginalized populations. Strategic investment in this workforce may have widespread impacts on federal, state, and local economies and the livelihoods of forest workers.
Study Implications: Between 2001–2020, the USDA Forest Service spent billions of dollars on contracts with thousands of businesses to conduct labor-intensive forestry projects; however, project locations and awarded businesses were not evenly distributed through space and time. Emerging and minority businesses represented a small proportion of contracts awarded. Advancing understanding of the businesses conducting labor-intensive forestry work lays the foundation for inquiry into the working conditions forest workers experience as well as disparities in contract capture. Some regions may have benefitted more from contract capture than others. Understanding factors enabling places and businesses to capture these contract dollars may help identify others that may benefit from investment.
Genome shock in a synthetic allotetraploid wheat invokes subgenome-partitioned gene regulation, meiotic instability, and karyotype variation
Authors: Sha Yan , Li Yang , Zhang Deshi , Lv Ruili , Wang Han , Wang Ruisi , Ji Heyu , Li Shuhang , Gong Lei , Li Ning , Liu Bao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly evident that interspecific hybridization at the homoploid level or coupled with whole-genome duplication (i.e. allopolyploidization) has played a major role in biological evolution. However, the direct impacts of hybridization and allopolyploidization on genome structure and function, phenotype, and fitness remains to be fully understood. Synthetic hybrids and allopolyploids are trackable experimental systems that can be used to address this issue. In this study, we resynthesized a pair of reciprocal F1 hybrids and corresponding reciprocal allotetraploids using the two diploid progenitor species of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, BBAADD), namely T. urartu (AA) and Aegilops tauschii (DD). By comparing phenotypes related to growth, development, and fitness, and by analysing genome expression in both hybrids and allotetraploids in relation to the parents, we found that the types and trends of karyotype variation in the immediately formed allotetraploids were correlated with both instability of meiosis and chromosome- and subgenome-biased expression. We determined clear advantages of allotetraploids over diploid F1 hybrids in several morphological traits including fitness that mirrored the tissue- and developmental stage-dependent subgenome-partitioning of the allotetraploids. The allotetraploids were meiotically unstable primarily due to homoeologous pairing that varied dramatically among the chromosomes. Nonetheless, the manifestation of organismal karyotype variation and the occurrence of meiotic irregularity were not concordant, suggesting a role of functional constraints probably imposed by subgenome- and chromosome-biased gene expression. Our results provide new insights into the direct impacts and consequences of hybridization and allopolyploidization that are relevant to evolution and likely to be informative for future crop improvement approaches using synthetic polyploids.
Very massive stars and pair-instability supernovae: mass-loss framework for low metallicity
Authors: Sabhahit Gautham N , Vink Jorick S , Sander Andreas A C , Higgins Erin R 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Very massive stars (VMS) up to 200–300 M⊙ have been found in the Local Universe. If they would lose little mass, they produce intermediate-mass black holes or pair-instability supernovae (PISNe). Until now, VMS modellers have extrapolated mass-loss versus metallicity (Z) exponents from optically thin winds, resulting in a range of PISN thresholds that might be unrealistically high in Z, as VMS develop optically thick winds. We utilize the transition mass-loss rate of Vink and Gräfener (2012) that accurately predicts mass-loss rates of Of/WNh (‘slash’) stars that characterize the morphological transition from absorption-dominated O-type spectra to emission-dominated WNh spectra. We develop a wind efficiency framework, where optically thin winds transition to enhanced winds, enabling us to study VMS evolution at high redshift where individual stars cannot be resolved. We present a MESA grid covering Z⊙/2 to Z⊙/100. VMS above the transition evolve towards lower luminosity, skipping the cool supergiant phase but directly forming pure He stars at the end of hydrogen burning. Below the transition, VMS evolve as cooler luminous blue variables (LBVs) or yellow hypergiants (YHGs), naturally approaching the Eddington limit. Strong winds in this YHG/LBV regime – combined with a degeneracy in luminosity – result in a mass-loss runaway, where a decrease in mass increases wind mass loss. Our models indicate an order-of-magnitude lower metallicity threshold for PISN than usually assumed, at Z⊙/20 due to our mass-loss runaway. While future work on LBV mass loss could affect the PISN threshold, our framework will be critical for establishing definitive answers on the PISN threshold and galactic chemical evolution modelling.
Catching a nova X-ray/UV flash in the visible? Early spectroscopy of the very slow Nova Velorum 2022 (Gaia22alz)
Authors: Aydi E , Chomiuk L , Mikołajewska J , Brink J , Metzger B D , Strader J , Buckley D A H , Harvey E J , Holoien T W -S , Izzo L , Kawash A , Linford J D , Molaro P , Molina I , Mróz P , Mukai K , Orio M , Panurach T , Senchyna P , Shappee B J , Shen K J , Sokoloski J L , Sokolovsky K V , Urquhart R , Williams R E 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present early spectral observations of the very slow Galactic nova Gaia22alz, over its gradual rise to peak brightness that lasted 180 d. During the first 50 d, when the nova was only 3–4 mag above its normal brightness, the spectra showed narrow (FWHM ≈ 400 km s−1) emission lines of H Balmer, He i, He ii, and C iv but no P Cygni absorption. A few weeks later, the high-excitation He ii and C iv lines disappeared, and P Cygni profiles of Balmer, He i, and eventually Fe ii lines emerged, yielding a spectrum typical of classical novae before peak. We propose that the early (first 50 d) spectra of Gaia22alz, particularly the emission lines with no P Cygni profiles, are produced in the white dwarf’s optically thin envelope or accretion disc, reprocessing ultraviolet and potentially X-ray emission from the white dwarf after a dramatic increase in the rate of thermonuclear reactions, during a phase known as the ‘early X-ray/UV flash’. If true, this would be one of the rare times that the optical signature of the early X-ray/UV flash has been detected. While this phase might last only a few hours in other novae and thus be easily missed, it was possible to detect in Gaia22alz due to its very slow and gradual rise and thanks to the efficiency of new all-sky surveys in detecting transients on their rise. We also consider alternative scenarios that could explain the early spectral features of Gaia22alz and its gradual rise.
The oblateness of the Milky Way dark matter halo from the stellar streams of NGC 3201, M68, and Palomar 5
Authors: Palau Carles G , Miralda-Escudé Jordi 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We explore constraints on the Milky Way dark matter halo oblateness using three stellar streams from globular clusters NGC3201, M68, and Palomar 5. Previous constraints on the gravitational potential from dynamical equilibrium of stellar populations and distant Milky Way satellites are included. We model the dark halo as axisymmetric with axis ratio $q_\rho ^{\rm h}$ and four additional free parameters of a two power-law density profile. The halo axis ratio, while barely constrained by the NGC3201 stream alone, is required to be close to spherical by the streams of Palomar 5 ($q_\rho ^{\rm h}=1.01\pm 0.09$) and M68 ($q_\rho ^{\rm h}=1.14^{+0.21}_{-0.14}$), the latter allowing a more prolate shape. The three streams together are well fitted with a halo axis ratio $q_\rho ^{\rm h}=1.06 \pm 0.06$ and core radius ∼20 kpc. Our estimate of the halo shape agrees with previous studies using other observational data and is in tension with cosmological simulations, predicting that most spiral galaxies have oblate dark matter haloes with the short axis perpendicular to the disc. We discuss why the impact of the Magellanic Clouds tide is too small to change our conclusion on the halo axis ratio. We note that dynamical equilibrium of a spherical halo in the oblate disc potential implies an anisotropic dark matter velocity dispersion, larger along the vertical direction than the horizontal ones, which should relate to the assembly history of the Milky Way.
Connecting the young pulsars in Milky Way globular clusters with white dwarf mergers and the M81 fast radio burst
Authors: Kremer Kyle , Fuller Jim , Piro Anthony L , Ransom Scott M 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The detections of four apparently young radio pulsars in the Milky Way globular clusters are difficult to reconcile with standard neutron star formation scenarios associated with massive star evolution. Here, we discuss formation of these young pulsars through white dwarf mergers in dynamically old clusters that have undergone core collapse. Based on observed properties of magnetic white dwarfs, we argue neutron stars formed via white dwarf merger are born with spin periods of roughly $10{\!-\!}100\,$ ms and magnetic fields of roughly $10^{11}{\!-\!}10^{13}\,$ G. As these neutron stars spin down via magnetic dipole radiation, they naturally reproduce the four observed young pulsars in the Milky Way clusters. Rates inferred from N-body cluster simulations as well as the binarity, host cluster properties, and cluster offsets observed for these young pulsars hint further at a white dwarf merger origin. These young pulsars may be descendants of neutron stars capable of powering fast radio bursts analogous to the bursts observed recently in a globular cluster in M81.
Direct m6A recognition by IMP1 underlays an alternative model of target selection for non-canonical methyl-readers
Authors: Nicastro Giuseppe , Abis Giancarlo , Klein Pierre , Esteban-Serna Sofia , Gallagher Christopher , Chaves-Arquero Belen , Cai Yuyang , Figueiredo Angelo Miguel , Martin Stephen R , Patani Rickie , Taylor Ian A , Ramos Andres 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
m6A methylation provides an essential layer of regulation in organismal development, and is aberrant in a range of cancers and neuro-pathologies. The information encoded by m6A methylation is integrated into existing RNA regulatory networks by RNA binding proteins that recognise methylated sites, the m6A readers. m6A readers include a well-characterised class of dedicated proteins, the YTH proteins, as well as a broader group of multi-functional regulators where recognition of m6A is only partially understood. Molecular insight in this recognition is essential to build a mechanistic understanding of global m6A regulation. In this study, we show that the reader IMP1 recognises the m6A using a dedicated hydrophobic platform that assembles on the methyl moiety, creating a stable high-affinity interaction. This recognition is conserved across evolution and independent from the underlying sequence context but is layered upon the strong sequence specificity of IMP1 for GGAC RNA. This leads us to propose a concept for m6A regulation where methylation plays a context-dependent role in the recognition of selected IMP1 targets that is dependent on the cellular concentration of available IMP1, differing from that observed for the YTH proteins.
A precise and efficient circular RNA synthesis system based on a ribozyme derived from Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Cui Jingyi , Zhang Lanxin , Zhang Zaifeng , Luo Xuanmei , Liu Ye , Li Chang , Huang Wei , Zou Lihui , Yu Xue , Xiao Fei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Classic strategies for circular RNA (circRNA) preparation always introduce large numbers of linear transcripts or extra nucleotides to the circularized product. In this study, we aimed to develop an efficient system for circRNA preparation based on a self-splicing ribozyme derived from an optimized Tetrahymena thermophila group Ⅰ intron. The target RNA sequence was inserted downstream of the ribozyme and a complementary antisense region was added upstream of the ribozyme to assist cyclization. Then, we compared the circularization efficiency of ribozyme or flanking intronic complementary sequence (ICS)-mediated methods through the DNMT1, CDR1as, FOXO3, and HIPK3 genes and found that the efficiency of our system was remarkably higher than that of flanking ICS-mediated method. Consequently, the circularized products mediated by ribozyme are not introduced with additional nucleotides. Meanwhile, the overexpressed circFOXO3 maintained its biological functions in regulating cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Finally, a ribozyme-based circular mRNA expression system was demonstrated with a split green fluorescent protein (GFP) using an optimized Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequence, and this system achieved successful translation of circularized mRNA. Therefore, this novel, convenient, and rapid engineering RNA circularization system can be applied for the functional study and large-scale preparation of circular RNA in the future.
PKM2 dictates the poised chromatin state of PFKFB3 promoter to enhance breast cancer progression
Authors: Pandkar Madhura R , Raveendran Adarsh , Biswas Kajal , Mutnuru Srinivas Abhishek , Mishra Jharna , Samaiya Atul , Malys Tyler , Mitrophanov Alexander Y , Sharan Shyam K , Shukla Sanjeev 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The hypoxic milieu is a critical modulator of aerobic glycolysis, yet the regulatory mechanisms between the key glycolytic enzymes in hypoxic cancer cells are largely unchartered. In particular, the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2), the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, is known to confer adaptive advantages under hypoxia. Herein, we report that non-canonical PKM2 mediates HIF-1α and p300 enrichment at PFKFB3 hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs), causing its upregulation. Consequently, the absence of PKM2 activates an opportunistic occupancy of HIF-2α, along with acquisition of a poised state by PFKFB3 HREs-associated chromatin. This poised nature restricts HIF-2α from inducing PFKFB3 while permitting the maintenance of its basal-level expression by harboring multiple histone modifications. In addition, the clinical relevance of the study has been investigated by demonstrating that Shikonin blocks the nuclear translocation of PKM2 to suppress PFKFB3 expression. Furthermore, TNBC patient-derived organoids and MCF7 cells-derived xenograft tumors in mice exhibited substantial growth inhibition upon shikonin treatment, highlighting the vitality of targeting PKM2. Conclusively, this work provides novel insights into the contributions of PKM2 in modulating hypoxic transcriptome and a previously unreported poised epigenetic strategy exhibited by the hypoxic breast cancer cells for ensuring the maintenance of PFKFB3 expression.
Genome-wide association study of a semicontinuous trait: illustration of the impact of the modeling strategy through the study of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps levels
Authors: Munsch Gaëlle , Proust Carole , Labrouche-Colomer Sylvie , Aïssi Dylan , Boland Anne , Morange Pierre-Emmanuel , Roche Anne , de Chaisemartin Luc , Harroche Annie , Olaso Robert , Deleuze Jean-François , James Chloé , Emmerich Joseph , Smadja David M , Jacqmin-Gadda Hélène , Trégouët David-Alexandre 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOver the last years, there has been a considerable expansion of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for discovering biological pathways underlying pathological conditions or disease biomarkers. These GWAS are often limited to binary or quantitative traits analyzed through linear or logistic models, respectively. In some situations, the distribution of the outcome may require more complex modeling, such as when the outcome exhibits a semicontinuous distribution characterized by an excess of zero values followed by a non-negative and right-skewed distribution. We here investigate three different modeling for semicontinuous data: Tobit, Negative Binomial and Compound Poisson-Gamma. Using both simulated data and a real GWAS on Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), an emerging biomarker in immuno-thrombosis, we demonstrate that Compound Poisson-Gamma was the most robust model with respect to low allele frequencies and outliers. This model further identified the MIR155HG locus as significantly (P = 1.4 × 10−8) associated with NETs plasma levels in a sample of 657 participants, a locus recently highlighted to be involved in NETs formation in mice. This work highlights the importance of the modeling strategy for GWAS of a semicontinuous outcome and suggests Compound Poisson-Gamma as an elegant but neglected alternative to Negative Binomial for modeling semicontinuous outcome in the context of genomic investigations.
Intrauterine life to adulthood: a potential risk factor for chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Copur Sidar , Yildiz Abdullah B , Covic Andreea , Covic Adrian , Ciceri Paola , Magagnoli Lorenza , Cozzolino Mario 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Multiple risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the adult population globally, have been identified, including older age, male gender, family history, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischaemic heart diseases and various medications. Preterm delivery, affecting &gt;10% of the newborns in the USA, is a global concern with increasing incidence in recent decades. Preterm birth has been linked to multiple medical comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, while its association with CKD has recently been investigated. Prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have been associated with an increased risk for CKD, specific histopathological examination findings and CKD-associated risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. In this narrative review, our aim is to evaluate and summarize the association between the risk for CKD and prematurity, low birthweight and IUGR along with potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
Treatment and outcome of the Dutch Childhood Craniopharyngioma Cohort study: First results after centralization of care
Authors: Van Schaik Jiska , Schouten-van Meeteren Antoinette Y N , Vos-Kerkhof Evelien , Janssens Geert O , Porro Giorgio L , Fiocco Marta , Bakker Boudewijn , Tissing Wim J E , Hoving Eelco W , van Santen Hanneke M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Childhood craniopharyngioma (cCP) has excellent survival, but quality of life may be severely hampered by hypothalamic dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate treatment and hypothalamic outcomes of a Dutch cCP cohort, and evaluate the effect of centralization of care.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed, including cCP patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2021. Treatment characteristics and hypothalamic outcomes were evaluated and compared before and since centralization of care in May 2018.

Results
We included 87 cCP patients. Cyst drainage/fenestration was performed in 29.9%, limited resection in 27.6%, near-total resection in 16.1%, and gross total resection (GTR) in 25.4%. Radiotherapy was given in 46.0%. After a median follow-up of 6.5 years, hypothalamic obesity (HO) was present in 24.7% and panhypopituitarism with diabetes insipidus in 71.3%. Higher body mass index (BMI) SDS at diagnosis and Muller grade II at last magnetic resonance imaging of follow-up were associated with overweight/obesity. No association was found between extensiveness of resection and overweight/obesity at last follow-up. When comparing before and after centralization of care, rates of GTR remained similar, but BMI outcomes changed; mean ΔBMI SDS 1 year after diagnosis from 1.12 (SD 1.15) to 0.81 (SD 1.24), and HO after 1 year decreased from 33.3% to 12.0% (P = .067), and after 2 years from 28.6% to 6.7% (P = NS).

Conclusions
In our nationwide cohort, GTR was performed in a relatively low percentage of patients and extensiveness of resection was no longer associated with HO at follow-up. A trend toward improvement of BMI is observed since centralization of care, which needs further exploration.