bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial and clinical epidemiology of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the divergent causative agents
Authors: Erami Mahzad , Aboutalebian Shima , Hezaveh Seyed Jamal Hashemi , Ghazvini Roshanak Daie , Momen-Heravi Mansooreh , Jafari Yazdan , Ahsaniarani Amir Hossein , Basirpour Bahare , Matini Amir Hassan , Mirhendi Hossein 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince COVID-19 spread worldwide, invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS) has emerged in immunocompromised patients as a new clinical challenge. In this study, clinical specimens of 89 COVID-19 patients who presented clinical and radiological evidence suggestive of IFRS were examined by direct microscopy, histopathology, and culture, and the isolated colonies were identified through DNA sequence analysis. Fungal elements were microscopically observed in 84.27% of the patients. Males (53.9%) and patients over 40 (95.5%) were more commonly affected than others. Headache (94.4%) and retro-orbital pain (87.6%) were the most common symptoms, followed by ptosis/proptosis/eyelid swelling (52.8%), and 74 patients underwent surgery and debridement. The most common predisposing factors were steroid therapy (n = 83, 93.3%), diabetes mellitus (n = 63, 70.8%), and hypertension (n = 42, 47.2%). The culture was positive for 60.67% of the confirmed cases, and Mucorales were the most prevalent (48.14%) causative fungal agents. Different species of Aspergillus (29.63%) and Fusarium (3.7%) and a mix of two filamentous fungi (16.67%) were other causative agents. For 21 patients, no growth was seen in culture despite a positive result on microscopic examinations. In PCR-sequencing of 53 isolates, divergent fungal taxons, including 8 genera and 17 species, were identified as followed: Rhizopus oryzae (n = 22), Aspergillus flavus (n = 10), A. fumigatus (n = 4), A. niger (n = 3), R. microsporus (n = 2), Mucor circinelloides, Lichtheimia ramosa, Apophysomyces variabilis, A. tubingensis, A. alliaceus, A. nidulans, A. calidoustus, Fusarium fujikuroi/proliferatum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Lomentospora prolificans, and Candida albicans (each n = 1). In conclusion, a diverse set of species involved in COVID-19-associated IFRS was observed in this study. Our data encourage specialist physicians to consider the possibility of involving various species in IFRS in immunocompromised and COVID-19 patients. In light of utilizing molecular identification approaches, the current knowledge of microbial epidemiology of invasive fungal infections, especially IFRS, may change dramatically.
Model-independent determination of H0 and ΩK, 0 using time-delay galaxy lenses and gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Du Shen-Shi , Wei Jun-Jie , You Zhi-Qiang , Chen Zu-Cheng , Zhu Zong-Hong , Liang En-Wei 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Combining the ‘time-delay distance’ (DΔt) measurements from galaxy lenses and other distance indicators provides model-independent determinations of the Hubble constant (H0) and spatial curvature (ΩK, 0), only based on the validity of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric and geometrical optics. To take the full merit of combining DΔt measurements in constraining H0, we use gamma-ray burst (GRB) distances to extend the redshift coverage of lensing systems much higher than that of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) and even higher than quasars, whilst the general cosmography with a curvature component is implemented for the GRB distance parametrizations. Combining Lensing + GRB yields $H_0=71.5^{+4.4}_{-3.0}$ km s−1 Mpc−1 and $\Omega _{K,0} = -0.07^{+0.13}_{-0.06}$ (1σ). A flat-universe prior gives slightly an improved $H_0 = 70.9^{+4.2}_{-2.9}$ km s−1Mpc−1. When combining Lensing+GRB + SN Ia, the error bar ΔH0 falls by 25 per cent, whereas ΩK, 0 is not improved due to the degeneracy between SN Ia absolute magnitude, MB, and H0 along with the mismatch between the SN Ia and GRB Hubble diagrams at z ≳ 1.4. Future increment of GRB observations can help to moderately eliminate the MB–H0 degeneracy in SN Ia distances and ameliorate the restrictions on cosmographic parameters along with ΩK, 0 when combining Lensing+SN Ia + GRB. We conclude that there is no evidence of significant deviation from a (an) flat (accelerating) universe and H0 is currently determined at 3 per cent precision. The measurements show great potential to arbitrate the H0 tension between the local distance ladder and cosmic microwave background measurements and provide a relevant consistency test of the FLRW metric.
Multiple flares in the changing-look AGN NGC 5273
Authors: Neustadt J M M , Hinkle J T , Kochanek C S , Reynolds M T , Mathur S , Tucker M A , Pogge R , Stanek K Z , Payne A V , Shappee B J , Holoien T W-S , Auchettl K , Ashall C , de Jaeger T , Desai D , Do A , Hoogendam W B , Huber M E 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
NGC 5273 is a known optical and X-ray variable AGN. We analyse new and archival IR, optical, UV, and X-ray data in order to characterize its long-term variability from 2000–2022. At least one optical changing-look event occurred between 2011 and 2014 when the AGN changed from a Type 1.8/1.9 Seyfert to a Type 1. It then faded considerably at all wavelengths, followed by a dramatic but slow increase in UV/optical brightness between 2021 and 2022. Near-IR (NIR) spectra in 2022 show prominent broad Paschen lines that are absent in an archival spectrum from 2010, making NGC 5273 one of the few AGNs to be observed changing-look in the NIR. We propose that NGC 5273 underwent multiple changing-look events between 2000 and 2022 – starting as a Type 1.8/1.9, NGC 5273 changes-look to a Type 1 temporarily in 2002 and again in 2014, reverting back to a Type 1.8/1.9 by 2005 and 2017, respectively. In 2022, it is again a Type 1 Seyfert. We characterize the changing-look events and their connection to the dynamic accretion and radiative processes in NGC 5273 and propose that the variable luminosity (and thus, Eddington ratio) of the source is changing how the broad-line region (BLR) reprocesses the continuum emission.
Preparing for end-of-life: learning from Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation decision-making during COVID-19
Authors: Robinson Louise , Lawrie Iain , Hard Jake , Hewson Tom , Shaw Daisy , Shaw Will , Shaw Jenny 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) decisions were made differently. This included more prominent roles for specialties such as psychiatry and doctors in training. Concerns about inappropriate DNAR decisions led to anxiety for doctors, patients and the public. Positive outcomes may have included earlier and better-quality end-of life-discussions. However, COVID-19 exposed the need for support, training and guidance in this area for all doctors. It also highlighted the importance of effective public education about advanced care planning.
Observability of triple top quark signal at future hadron colliders
Authors: Ahmed Ijaz , Bi Nazima , Ather M W , Amjad M S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Standard Model (SM) cross-sections for the production of single top quarks, top-quark pairs, triple top quarks, and four top quarks at three different center-of-mass energies, i.e. $\sqrt{s}=$ 7, 10, and 14 TeV, at existing particle colliders as well as at future hadron colliders, are studied. A fully kinematic analysis with the optimized preselection cuts along with invariant mass reconstruction of top quarks is performed for triple-top production processes pp→tttW, tttd, and tttb in the presence of the SM background. All three signal processes are forced to decay in fully hadronic mode. The studies are performed for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL−LHC) at $\sqrt{s}=$ 14 TeV and for the High-Energy LHC (HE−LHC) at $\sqrt{s}=$ 27 TeV. The signal to background ratio and signal significance of all signal and background processes are estimated for both the scenarios. It is found that the chances of signal observability at the HE−LHC are higher than those at the HL−LHC. PACS numbers: 12.60.Fr, 14.80.Fd
Regulating Untaxable Externalities: Are Vehicle Air Pollution Standards Effective and Efficient?
Authors: Jacobsen Mark R , Sallee James M , Shapiro Joseph S , van Benthem Arthur A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe world has 1.4 billion passenger vehicles. How should governments regulate their air pollution emissions? A Pigouvian tax is technologically infeasible. Most countries instead rely on exhaust standards that limit air pollution emissions per mile for new vehicles. We assess the effectiveness and efficiency of these standards, which are the centerpiece of U.S. Clean Air Act regulation of transportation, and counterfactual policies. We show that the air pollution emissions per mile of new U.S. vehicles has fallen spectacularly, by over 99%, since standards began in 1967. Several research designs with a half century of data suggest that exhaust standards have caused most of this decline. Yet exhaust standards are not cost-effective in part because they fail to encourage scrap of older vehicles, which account for the majority of emissions. To study counterfactual policies, we develop an analytical and a quantitative model of the vehicle fleet. Analysis of these models suggests that tighter exhaust standards increase social welfare and increasing registration fees on dirty vehicles yields even larger gains by accelerating scrap, although both reforms have complex effects on inequality.
Adaptive composite anti-disturbance control for heavy haul trains
Authors: Chen Longsheng , Yang Hui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an adaptive composite anti-disturbance control of heavy haul trains (HHTs) is proposed. First, the mechanical principle and characteristics of couplers are analysed and the longitudinal multi-particles nonlinear dynamic model of HHTs is established, which can satisfy that the forces of vehicles in different positions are different. Subsequently, a radial basis function network (RBFNN) is employed to approximate the uncertainties of HHTs, and a nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is constructed to estimate the approximation error and external disturbances. To indicate and improve the approximation accuracy, a serial-parallel identification model of HHTs is constructed to generate a prediction error, and an adaptive composite anti-disturbance control scheme is developed, where the prediction error and tracking error are employed to update RBFNN weights and an auxiliary variable of NDO. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme are demonstrated through the Lyapunov theory and simulation experiments.
Polydatin inhibits mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial ROS by promoting PINK1‐Parkin‐mediated mitophagy in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Liu Siqi , Wang Chongyang , Zhang Yulian , Zhang Yalin , Song Yilan , Jiang Jingzhi , Liu Ruobai , Jin Hainan , Yan Guanghai , Jin Yongde 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolydatin (PD), a natural product derived from Polygonum cuspidatum, has anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects and has significant benefits in treating allergic diseases. However, its role and mechanism in allergic rhinitis (AR) have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effect and mechanism of PD in AR. AR model was established in mice with OVA. Human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) were stimulated with IL‐13. HNEpCs were also treated with an inhibitor of mitochondrial division or transfected with siRNA. The levels of IgE and cellular inflammatory factors were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. The expressions of PINK1, Parkin, P62, LC3B, NLRP3 inflammasome proteins, and apoptosis proteins in nasal tissues and HNEpCs were measured by Western blot. We found that PD suppressed OVA‐induced epithelial thickening and eosinophil accumulation in the nasal mucosa, reduced IL‐4 production in NALF, and regulated Th1/Th2 balance. In addition, mitophagy was induced in AR mice after OVA challenge and in HNEpCs after IL‐13 stimulation. Meanwhile, PD enhanced PINK1‐Parkin‐mediated mitophagy but decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and apoptosis. However, PD‐induced mitophagy was abrogated after PINK1 knockdown or Mdivi‐1 treatment, indicating a key role of the PINK1‐Parkin in PD‐induced mitophagy. Moreover, mitochondrial damage, mtROS production, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and HNEpCs apoptosis under IL‐13 exposure were more severe after PINK1 knockdown or Mdivi‐1 treatment. Conclusively, PD may exert protective effects on AR by promoting PINK1‐Parkin‐mediated mitophagy, which further suppresses apoptosis and tissue damage in AR through decreasing mtROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Metastasis suppressor 1 interacts with protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor‐δ to regulate adipogenesis
Authors: Chen Meng , Dong Yuan , Tian Lijie , Zhou Jie , Zhu Endong , Yuan Hairui , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Baoli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdipogenesis is a finely controlled process and its dysfunction may contribute to metabolic disorders such as obesity. Metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) is a player in tumorigenesis and metastasis of various types of cancers. To date, it is not known whether and how MTSS1 plays a role in adipocyte differentiation. In the current study, we found that MTSS1 was upregulated during adipogenic differentiation of established mesenchymal cell lines and primary cultured bone marrow stromal cells. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function experiments uncovered that MTSS1 facilitated adipocyte differentiation from mesenchymal progenitor cells. Mechanistic explorations revealed that MTSS1 bound and interacted with FYN, a member of Src family of tyrosine kinases (SFKs), and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor‐δ (PTPRD). We demonstrated that PTPRD was capable of inducing the differentiation of adipocytes. Overexpression of PTPRD attenuated the impaired adipogenesis induced by the siRNA targeting MTSS1. Both MTSS1 and PTPRD activated SFKs by suppressing the phosphorylation of SFKs at Tyr530 and inducing the phosphorylation of FYN at Tyr419. Further investigation showed that MTSS1 and PTPRD were able to activate FYN. Collectively, our study has for the first time unraveled that MTSS1 plays a role in adipocyte differentiation in vitro through interacting with PTPRD and thereby activating SFKs such as FYN tyrosine kinase.
NONO regulates B‐cell development and B‐cell receptor signaling
Authors: Zhang Yongguang , Cui Dongya , Huang Miaohui , Zheng Yongwei , Zheng Baijiao , Chen Liling , Chen Qi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe paraspeckle protein NONO is a multifunctional nuclear protein participating in the regulation of transcriptional regulation, mRNA splicing and DNA repair. However, whether NONO plays a role in lymphopoiesis is not known. In this study, we generated mice with global deletion of NONO and bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice in which NONO is deleted in all of mature B cells. We found that the global deletion of NONO in mice did not affect T‐cell development but impaired early B‐cell development in BM at pro‐ to pre‐B‐cell transition stage and B‐cell maturation in the spleen. Studies of BM chimeric mice demonstrated that the impaired B‐cell development in NONO‐deficient mice is B‐cell‐intrinsic. NONO‐deficient B cells displayed normal BCR‐induced cell proliferation but increased BCR‐induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, we found that NONO deficiency impaired BCR‐induced activation of ERK, AKT, and NF‐κB pathways in B cells, and altered BCR‐induced gene expression profile. Thus, NONO plays a critical role in B‐cell development and BCR‐induced B‐cell activation.
Knockdown of phosphatases of regenerating liver‐1 prolongs the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via activating DAF‐16/FOXO
Authors: Yu Yaoru , Chen Jing , An Lu , Huang Tianci , Wang Wenbo , Cheng Ziqi , Wang Lu , Xu Xuesong , Zhao Zhizhuang , Fu Xueqi , Ma Junfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhosphatases of regenerating liver (PRLs) are dual‐specificity protein phosphatases. The aberrant expression of PRLs threatens human health, but their biological functions and pathogenic mechanisms are unclear yet. Herein, the structure and biological functions of PRLs were investigated using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Structurally, this phosphatase in C. elegans, named PRL‐1, consisted of a conserved signature sequence WPD loop and a single C(X)5R domain. Besides, by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, PRL‐1 was proved to mainly express in larval stages and express in intestinal tissues. Afterward, by feeding‐based RNA‐interference method, knockdown of prl‐1 prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans but also improved their healthspan, such as locomotion, pharyngeal pumping frequency, and defecation interval time. Furthermore, the above effects of prl‐1 appeared to be taken without acting on germline signaling, diet restriction pathway, insulin/insulin‐like growth factor 1 signaling pathway, and SIR‐2.1 but through a DAF‐16‐dependent pathway. Moreover, knockdown of prl‐1 induced the nuclear translocation of DAF‐16, and upregulated the expression of daf‐16, sod‐3, mtl‐1, and ctl‐2. Finally, suppression of prl‐1 also reduced the ROS. In conclusion, suppression of prl‐1 enhanced the lifespan and survival quality of C. elegans, which provides a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of PRLs in related human diseases.
Long‐lived autoreactive memory CD4+ T cells mediate the sustained retinopathy in chronic autoimmune uveitis
Authors: Fan Nai‐Wen , Zhu Qiurong , Wang Shudan , Ortiz Gustavo , Huckfeldt Rachel M. , Chen Yihe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChronic uveitis comprises heterogeneous clinical entities characterized by sustained and recurrent intraocular inflammation that is believed to be driven by autoimmune responses. The management of chronic uveitis is challenging with the limited availability of efficacious treatments, and the underlying mechanisms mediating disease chronicity remain poorly understood as the majority of experimental data are derived from the acute phase of the disease (the first 2–3 weeks post‐induction). Herein, we investigated the key cellular mechanisms underlying chronic intraocular inflammation using our recently established murine model of chronic autoimmune uveitis. We demonstrate unique long‐lived CD44hiIL‐7R+IL‐15R+CD4+ memory T cells in both retina and secondary lymphoid organs after 3 months postinduction of autoimmune uveitis. These memory T cells functionally exhibit antigen‐specific proliferation and activation in response to retinal peptide stimulation in vitro. Critically, these effector‐memory T cells are capable of effectively trafficking to the retina and accumulating in the local tissues secreting both IL‐17 and IFN‐γ upon adoptively transferred, leading to retinal structural and functional damage. Thus, our data reveal the critical uveitogenic functions of memory CD4+ T cells in sustaining chronic intraocular inflammation, suggesting that memory T cells can be a novel and promising therapeutic target for treating chronic uveitis in future translational studies.
Efficacy and safety of the surgical treatments for lower calyceal stones: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Hou Jun , Xu Feihong , Du Huifang , Liu Jingxuan , Li Ning 
Published: March 2023

Objective:Efficacy and safety of five common surgical treatments for lower calyceal (LC) stones were assessed for LC stones 20 mm or less.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted up to June 2020 using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. The study has been registered in PROSPERO, CRD42021228404. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of five common surgical treatments for LC stones were collected, including percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), mini-PCNL (MPCNL), ultramini-PCNL (UMPCNL), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by using global inconsistency and local inconsistency. Both pooled odds ratio, along with 95% credible interval (CI) and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve values were calculated to assess the outcomes, paired comparisons of efficacy and safety of five treatments.Results:Nine peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials, comprising 1674 patients in recent 10 years, were included. Heterogeneity tests showed no statistical significance, and a consistency model was chosen, respectively. The order of surface under the cumulative ranking curve values for efficacy was as follows: PCNL (79.4), MPCNL (75.2), UMPCNL (66.3), RIRS (29), and eSWL (0). For safety: eSWL (84.2), UMPCNL (82.2), RIRS (52.9), MPCNL (16.6), and PCNL (14.1).Conclusion:In the current study, all five treatments are both effective and safe. Many factors must be considered to choose surgical treatments for LC stones 20 mm or less; the results that we separate conventional PCNL into PCNL, MPCNL, and UMPCNL make the questions even more controversial. However, relative judgments are still needed to be used as reference data in clinical management. For efficacy, PCNL>MPCNL>UMPCNL>RIRS>ESWL, ESWL is statistically inferior to the other four treatments, respectively. RIRS is statistically inferior to PCNL and MPCNL, respectively. For safety, ESWL>UMPCNL>RIRS>MPCNL>PCNL, ESWL is statistically superior to RIRS, MPCNL, and PCNL, respectively. RIRS is statistically superior to PCNL. We cannot reach conclusions about which surgical treatment is the best choice for all patients with LC stones 20 mm or less; therefore, tailored treatments based on individual patients still demand more attention than ever before for both patients and urologists.
Bone grafting for femoral head necrosis in the past decade: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Lou Pengqiang , Zhou Guangzhi , Wei Bo , Deng Xiaolei , Hou Decai 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Bone grafting is considered a method that can provide mechanical and structural support to the femoral head and prevent the collapse of the femoral head after core decompression (CD). However, there are no consensus guidelines on which bone grafting method is best after CD. The authors assessed the efficacy of various bone grafting modalities and CD through a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA).

Materials and methods:
Ten articles were retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library searches. Bone graft modalities are categorized into four, and CD is the control group: (1) CD, (2) autologous bone graft (ABG), (3) biomaterial bone graft (BBG), (4) bone graft combined with bone marrow graft (BG+BM), and (5) free vascular bone graft (FVBG). The rates of conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA), femoral head necrosis progression rate, and Harris hip score (HHS) improvement were compared among the five treatments.

Results:
A total of 816 hips were included in the NMA: specifically, 118 hips in CD, 334 in ABG, 133 in BBG, 113 in BG+BM, and 118 in FVBG. The NMA results show no significant differences in preventing conversion to THA and improving HHS in each group. All bone graft methods are better than CD in preventing osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) progress [ABG: odds ratio (OR)=0.21, 95% CI: 0.07–0.56; BBG: OR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.03–0.52; BG+BM: OR=0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.24; FVBG: OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.02–0.38]. The rankgrams indicate that BG+BM is the best intervention in preventing conversion to THA (73%), preventing ONFH progress (75%), and improving HHS (57%), followed by the BBG in preventing conversion to THA (54%), improving HHS (38%), and the FVBG in preventing ONFH progress (42%).

Conclusions:
This finding indicates that bone grafting after CD is necessary to prevent ONFH progression. Moreover, bone grafts combined with bone marrow grafts and BBG seem to be effective treatment methods in ONFH.