bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Fe3O4@Polypyrrole@Sulfamic Acid Composite for Efficient Adsorption of Four Cationic Dyes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Yuhang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWith the continuous development of industry, the issue of industrial wastewater emissions is increasing. Adsorption, as an effective means possessing the features of no pollution, high efficiency, and easy operation, has become one of the effective methods to treat industrial wastewater. Fe3O4@polypyrrole@sulfamic acid (Fe3O4@PPy@SA) composite is successfully prepare by hydrothermal method, in situ polymerization, and modification. Its adsorption behaviors of the composite on MG, MB, CV, and RhB are investigated by UV–Vis, and the impacts of temperature, dye concentration, and the contact time between the composite and the dyes on the adsorption efficiency are researched. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms exhibit that the adsorption of these four dyes is more in accordance with pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, the diffusion behaviors are affected through the combined effect of intraparticle diffusion and Boyd membrane diffusion, and the thermodynamic studies display that all these adsorption behaviors are spontaneous heat absorption behaviors. The prepared Fe3O4@PPy@SA is an efficient adsorbent in the field of applications.
A Ruthenium(II) Complex With a Two‐Armed Benzimidazole Ligand as the G‐Quadruplex Luminescent Probe
Authors: Ma Liang , Liu Xue‐Wen , He Geng‐Jun , Hu Xia , Chen Yuan‐Dao , Zhang Song‐Bai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe selective detection of G‐quadruplex DNA has the potential to reveal its biological function and provide important information for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, a ruthenium(II) complex containing a two‐armed benzimidazole ligand (bimbpy) (RC1) has been developed as a selective luminescence probe toward G4 DNA. RC1 exhibited distinguishable luminescence response to G4 DNA, such as HTDNA, c‐MYC, and 22AG. Especially, in the presence of HTDNA, the luminescence intensity of RC1 increased to 6.1‐fold. The limit of detection is 30 nM for HTDNA. However, it showed a small change in luminescence intensity against doubled‐strand and single‐strand DNA. The DNA binding experimental results indicated that RC1 effectively stabilized G4 DNA through hydrogen bonds and π‐π stacking. The selectivity of RC1 to G4 DNA might be due to the increase in the rigidity of the two‐armed benzimidazole ligand after binding to G4 DNA. Therefore, the design of ruthenium(II) complexes with a two‐armed ligand will be an effective method to obtain Ru(II)‐based G‐quadruplex luminescent probes by adjusting the degree of rigidity of the two arms.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Delivering Metformin Anti‐Lung Cancer Drug With Aluminum Nitride Nanoparticles
Authors: Hao Juntao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAluminum nitride (ALN) finds extensive application across various fields, and further advancement is undergoing to explore efficiency of this compound in drug delivery. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to nano‐based drug delivery systems for anticancer treatments. This study focuses on the preparation of ALN nanoparticle using a simple and cost‐effective route in an NH3 atmosphere and in the presence of hydrated aluminum chloride. The characterization techniques such as FT‐IR, TEM, SEM, UV, XRD, XPS, and EDS are used to analyze the synthesized nanoparticles. Then, metformin is incorporated into the fabricated nanostructure to achieve a drug loading of ~67%, demonstrating effectiveness of the selected nanocarrier for encapsulating this important drug. The specific impact of pH and time duration on the release profile of metformin highlights the versatility and potential applicability of ALN delivery system. Moreover, the gradual release of drug under physiological conditions (pH 7.4) as well as the accelerated release at the lower pH of 5.1 within 48 h proofed the responsiveness of the nanostructure to varying environmental conditions. Finally, a density functional theory (DFT) calculation was carried out to investigate adsorption of metformin. These computational analyses validated again the potential of ALN as an effective sensor for detecting metformin in biological systems. The unique characteristics of this study involve introducing a pH‐responsive nanocarrier to release drug selectively in response to pH of the environment, using a nanoparticle with sufficient stability that improves solubility of poorly soluble metformin. This bioavailable drug delivery system can reduce off‐target effects and toxicity associated with conventional drug therapies.
Design and Preparation of Soluble Polyimide Binder With Random Copolymerized Rigid‐Flexible Segments for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Chenglu , Li Zhengyang , Chen Yuan , Zhang Yi , Liu Yang , Chen Yukun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBinders play a critical role in the preparation and operation of electrodes in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Developing new binding materials with high affinity to Li ions and resistance to higher voltages was desirable for the practical applications of LIBs. In this work, soluble polyimide binder (PI) with random copolymerized rigid‐flexible segments were synthesized and evaluated as cathode binder for the typical lithium iron phosphate cathode material in terms of cycling performances, rate capability, and electrochemical impedance. By introducing the polar and soft ether segment into the rigid PI chains, the NMP‐soluble PI precursors were obtained. The rigid‐flexible segments in the PI binders work synergistically during the electrochemical process, in which the rigid segments of aromatic units with strong lithiophilic CO group provided the necessary mechanical support and affinity with electrolytes, while the flexible segments endow the high solubility and buffer effect to the volume change during the charge/discharge process. Moreover, the 3,5‐diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) working as the crosslinking unit was introduced during the synthesis and the addition ratios were optimized. The as‐optimized PI binders exhibited superior rate performances and comparable cycling stability when compared with the commercial PVDF binder, demonstrating the great potential for PI binder in the LIBs systems.
Concordance with final pathology when transitioning from standard transrectal to cognitive targeted transperineal prostate biopsy
Authors: Honoré Alfred , Gravdal Karsten , Juliebø‐Jones Patrick , Reisæter Lars Anders Rokne , Beisland Christian , Moen Christian Arvei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTransrectal (TR) prostate biopsy is being increasingly abandoned in favour of a transperineal (TP) approach as well as a targeted biopsy only of the index lesion(s). It remains underreported how these changes could impact concordance at final pathology. We aimed to evaluate the impact of transitioning from standard transrectal (sTR) to cognitive targeted transperineal (cog‐tTP) biopsy on final pathology including concordance and upgrading.Material and methodsAnalysis of consecutive patients undergoing prostate biopsy and prostatectomy (RP) between January 2018 and May 2022 at a tertiary centre in Western Norway.ResultsThere were 210 and 239 patients in the sTR and cog‐tTP groups, respectively. The mean [IQR] number of biopsies decreased from 12 [4–12] to 3 [3–4] (p < 0.001). The overall rate of concordance between biopsy and final pathology was 64% in both groups (Table 3, Figure 1). 24% Twenty‐four per cent (cog‐tTP) versus 19% (sTR) had grade group (GG) upgrading, while 12% versus 17% were downgraded (p = 0.2). Regarding positive surgical margins (PSMs) that were >3 mm in extension, there were only 3.3% and 2.1% in the sTR and cog‐tTP groups, respectively (p = 0.4). For surgical outcomes associated with RP, no differences in terms of postoperative complications between the groups were found (cog‐tTP:10% vs. sTR:6%, p = 0.10).ConclusionTransitioning from sTR biopsy to targeted cog‐tTP biopsy does not compromise concordance at final pathology nor does it increase the risk of tumour upgrading.
Patterns of Co‐Occurring Birth Defects in Chinese Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A National Hospital‐Based Surveillance Study
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Yu , Xu Wen‐Li , Gao Yu‐Yang , Li Wen‐Yan , Liu Zhen , Zhou Jia‐Yuan , Dai Li 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe landscape of co‐occurring birth defects among infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains underexplored.AimsThis study aims to elucidate the complex patterns of co‐occurring defects in Chinese population.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed cases from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network (2007‐2019) with CDH that presented along with at least one additional defect but without a syndromic diagnosis. Adjusted observed‐to‐expected prevalence (O/E) ratios were calculated for all two‐ to five‐way combinations to discern patterns of co‐occurring defects with CDH more frequently than expected by chance.ResultsAmong 1235 CDH cases associated with other birth defects, the top 30 combinations with the highest adjusted O/E ratios included musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, central nervous system, facial, and renal defects. Cardiovascular defects were involved in 76.7% of the top combinations, followed by central nervous system (23.3%) and musculoskeletal defects (20.0%). The combination of polydactyly and syndactyly anomalies exhibited the highest adjusted O/E ratio of 5963.37 (95% confidence interval: 5960.00–5966.73).DiscussionThe relationship between musculoskeletal malformation and CDH may be explained from the aspects of epidemiology, embryology and pathogenesis. And mechanisms for the co‐occurrence of cardiovascular and CDH may involve disruption of common pathways.ConclusionOur analyses describe the co‐occurrence patterns of birth defects in CDH infants and reveal several noteworthy patterns. The observed patterns can guide further study and enhance our comprehension understanding of the developmental mechanisms underlying multiple defects.
Phytochemical Profile, Acute, and Subacute Toxicity of Spray‐Dried Hydroethanolic Extract From Punica granatum Leaves
Authors: Machado Janaina Carla Barbosa , Cristina da Silva Joyce , Leite Gabriel Victor Batista , dos Santos Dantas Thainá , Daniele‐Silva Alessandra , de Freitas Fernandes‐Pedrosa Matheus , de Oliveira Alisson Macário , Dantas da Cruz Rômulo Carlos , de Souza Ivone Antonia , Weilack Ingrid , Schieber Andreas , Ferreira Magda Rhayanny Assunção , Wagner Karl Gerhard , Lira Soares Luiz Alberto 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the acute and subacute safety and phytochemical profile of pomegranate leaves, aligning with the growing interest in sustainable, plant‐based therapeutics. The phytochemical composition and the acute and subacute toxicity of a spray‐dried hydroethanolic extract from pomegranate leaves (SDE) were investigated using experimental animal models. Utilizing UV–visible spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), a diverse array of tannins and flavonoids, totaling 38 compounds, was identified. The findings revealed that SDE exhibited no adverse effects across various tests, including macroscopic, biochemical, hematological, and histological evaluations, even at high doses (2000 mg/kg for single doses and 1000 mg/kg for repeated doses). Furthermore, SDE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol levels in both acute and subacute toxicity evaluations, suggesting a positive impact on lipid metabolism. This research not only confirms the safety of pomegranate leaf spray‐dried hydroethanolic extract at significant concentrations but also highlights its potential as a source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic benefits. The absence of toxicity, coupled with its cholesterol‐lowering properties, supports the use of pomegranate leaves in medicinal, nutritional, and food additive applications. Additionally, this study provides essential phytochemical and safety data, paving the way for future research exploring its potential as an active ingredient.
Thermal Conversion of Microalgae into Biochar: A Review on Processes, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Mustapha Sherif Ishola , Isa Yusuf Makarfi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlobal energy consumption has drastically increased over the years due to population growth and industrialization. This has prompted an exploration for clean and renewable energy alternatives. Microalgae are widely recognized as a promising third‐generation energy source because they have the capability to generate biofuels, including biochar. The utilization of microalgal biomass has been gaining traction because of their advantages, such as fast growth, a high rate of production, and high carbon‐fixing efficiency. Thermochemical methods like hydrothermal carbonization, torrefaction, and pyrolysis can be employed to harness energy from microalgae. The different thermochemical methods employed for converting microalgal biomass into biochar have been discussed, as well as the factors affecting these methods. In addition, a dedicated section covered the components and properties of the generated biochar, including its thermal and surface properties. Furthermore, the economic analysis of the production of biochar from microalgae as well as the applications of microalgae‐derived biochar were presented and discussed, along with suggestions for further research.
Total Synthesis of Antiausterity Agent Callistrilone O Reveals Promising Antitumor Activity in a Melanoma Homograft Mouse Model
Authors: Okuda Kensuke , Takagi Akira , Shimizu Ryohei , Nishi Kensuke , Hayano Narumi , Takashima Ippei , Konishi Morichika 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe antiausterity strategy in anticancer drug discovery has attracted much attention as a way to exterminate cancer cells under nutrient deprived conditions which are commonly found in solid tumors. These tumors under low nutrient stress are known to be malignant and often resist conventional drug therapy. As a potential drug candidate, we focused on the meroterpenoid natural product callistrilone O which has demonstrated extremely potent antiausterity properties toward PANC‐1 pancreatic carcinoma in vitro. Here, we report for the first time the total synthesis of callistrilone O in seven steps from phloroglucinol. A Friedel‐Crafts‐type Michael addition and an oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition with Fetizon's reagent were used to construct the molecular skeleton. The preferential cytotoxicity of callistrilone O was also evaluated with multiple starvation‐resistant cancer cell lines under low nutrient conditions. Furthermore, callistrilone O was found to strongly suppress B16 melanoma tumor growth without critical toxicity in vivo. Overall, this study presents a novel anticancer agent candidate from natural products with a concise synthetic route which can be readily applied to the synthesis of derivatives.
Unveiling the Reaction Mechanism of Diels‐Alder Cycloadditions between 2,5‐Dimethylfuran and Ethylene Derivatives Using Topological Tools
Authors: Chellegui Mohamed , Adjieufack Abel Idrice , Trabelsi Mahmoud , Liégeois Vincent , Champagne Benoît 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe [4+2] Diels‐Alder cycloaddition reaction between 2,5‐DMF (1) and ethylene derivatives (2 a‐h) activated by electron‐withdrawing groups has been studied at the density functional theory level using a panoply of tools to unravel the reaction mechanisms. From the analysis of the reactivity indices, 2 a‐h behave as electrophiles while 1 as nucleophile, and the activation of the double bond of ethylene increases its electrophilicity, which is accompanied by an enhancement of the polarity of the reaction. The activation Gibbs free energy decreases linearly as a function of this increase of polarity, as estimated by the electrophilicity difference between the reactants. The difference of electrophilicity drives also the global electron density transfer at the transition state and the asynchronicity of the reaction, as evaluated by the difference of carbon‐carbon bond lengths in the transition state. Then, Bonding Evolution Theory shows that the activation of the double bond of ethylene by an electron‐withdrawing group changes the reaction mechanism from a one‐step synchronous process to a one‐step asynchronous process. Generally, the endo pathway is kinetically favored but, thermodynamically, it is the exo pathway. Finally, using the Distortion/Interaction‐Activation Strain, it is shown that the endo/exo selectivity is mostly driven by the differences of interaction energies.
Mechanisms of Alignment in Feeding Aphids on the Plant Stem
Authors: Kudo Ayumi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAphids are observed on various plant species, with most aphids feeding downward on stems. In this study, I studied the variations in feeding postures of aphids and their mechanisms. My field observations revealed that the majority of individuals from most species fed facing downward, or more precisely, towards the roots. Exceptions included Indomegoura indica on the scapes of Hemerocallis spp., which were aligned with their head facing the sky. Next, I investigated how plant orientation affects three aphid species, Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae, Megoura crassicauda and I. indica with different body alignments on upright immature stems. On the stems of the inverted plants, the number of Ma. yomogifoliae and Me. crassicauda in the upward position (head facing the root of the plant) was significantly greater than that in the downward position (head facing the shoot apex of the plant). If their posture is affected by gravity or by certain advantages of the headstand posture, Ma. yomogifoliae and Me. crassicauda are expected to align in a consistent direction, regardless of the orientation of the plant. This suggests that plant cues influence their posture. In contrast, the majority of I. indica were aligned with the head facing the sky on the scape, regardless of Hemerocallis's direction. This result indicates that the feeding posture of I. indica is affected by gravity and/or aphid's intrinsic factors. Therefore, this study provides a new perspective on the factors influencing aphid feeding posture preferences.
Migration strategy and constraint in migration behavior vary among shorebird species with different life histories
Authors: Clements Sarah J. , Loghry Jason P. , Linscott Jennifer A. , Ruiz Jorge , Gunn Joe C. , Navedo Juan G. , Senner Nathan R. , Ballard Bart M. , Weegman Mitch D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMigration strategy is a key behavioral characteristic guiding how migratory species time their annual cycles and use habitat. Understanding variation in migration strategy within and among species and individuals can be useful for understanding how birds navigate energetic trade‐offs and designing or modifying conservation plans meant to benefit multiple species and life histories. We compared migration strategies among three migratory shorebird species with variable life history traits and short, medium, and long migration distances, respectively: American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black‐bellied plovers (Pluvialis squatarola), and Hudsonian godwits (Limosa haemastica). Avocets (short distance) exhibited the most within‐species variation in migration duration, proportion of migration time spent at stopovers, and stopover duration. Plovers (medium distance) and godwits (long distance) showed less variation in these metrics, but godwits showed the most variation in the number of stopovers used. There were significant differences among species in migration distance, number of stopovers used, proportion of time stopped over, departure and arrival dates, and migration duration, but not mean stopover duration. We also found that avocets spent more time stopped over relative to migration distance than plovers or godwits, indicating that avocets showed the most energy‐minimizing strategy of the three species. Our findings set the stage for future work assessing the effects of climate change and land use on characteristics associated with different migration strategies for additional migratory species.
Tuning Lewis Acidity: Design of Titanium Complexes with hemilabile Pyridine‐based Ligands
Authors: Schwitalla Kevin , Gronewold Laura , Schmidtmann Marc , Beckhaus Rüdiger 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe formation of titanium(IV) complexes with Cp,N,N and Cp,O,N tridentate ligands via insertion of the pyridine‐containing precursors into the pentafulvene moiety of the titanium complexes is reported. After consecutive methylation and treatment with B(C6F5)3 according to a well‐established method, cationic complexes with the weakly coordinating MeB(C6F5)3− anion were obtained. Further introduction of moderately strong coordinating triflato ligands provides insight into the nucleophilicity of the respective pyridinyl ligands. The Lewis acidity of the complexes is determined by well‐established protocols. Depending on the donor strength, the triflato ligand is displaced by the pyridinyl ligand to produce a cationic complex with a triflate anion. The highly Lewis acidic cationic titanium(IV) complexes are able to perform reactions such as H2 functionalization and C−H activation reactions. The additional 15N NMR values of the pyridine‐based ligand and UV/Vis spectra are key features of these ligand systems and further support the coordination mode determination.
Salt Contents in Fermented Dairy Products: A Strategic Blueprint for Healthier Intake
Authors: Massomian Ali , Rashidimehr Azadeh , Mohammadi‐Nasrabadi Fatemeh , Khoshtinat Khadijeh , Esfarjani Fatemeh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to estimate the quantity and trends of salt intake from industrial fermented dairy products, develop strategies to reduce salt content, and inform policymakers on promoting public health through healthier dairy options. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on fermented dairy products. Seventy‐nine random samples were selected, and the salt (NaCl %) content was determined by potentiometric titration after sample preparation and homogenization; also samples were analyzed for their moisture (oven drying method). Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and one‐sample t‐test. A comprehensive literature review on salt reduction strategies was also performed proposing a model for an optimized low‐salt fermented dairy product. This study found high salt content in many fermented dairy products. Brined cheese had the highest salt level (7.57 g/100 g), while pizza processed cheese had the lowest (1.03 g/100 g). Probiotic yogurts contained less salt (0.29 g/100 g) than regular ones. Other products like doogh (1.04 g/100 g), kefir (0.63 g/100 g), and kashk (2.78 g/100 g) also contributed significantly to salt intake. Most products exceeded recommended salt limits. Consuming just one serving of these products often accounted for a substantial portion of the daily recommended salt intake (WHO: 5 g/day). This research emphasizes the need for reducing salt in fermented dairy products to improve public health. This study highlights the excessive salt content in many fermented dairy products, surpassing recommended daily intake levels. Therefore, to address this public health concern, a multi‐faceted approach is necessary. For this purpose, Policymakers should implement stringent monitoring, enforce food labeling, and develop legislation to reduce salt content. Furthermore, the food industry must innovate to reduce salt while maintaining product quality and taste. On the other hand, consumer education and awareness campaigns are crucial for informed choices. Additionally, further research is needed to understand consumer perceptions and the long‐term impact of salt‐sustainable reduction strategies on dietary habits and public health.