bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reusable Structural Colored Nanostructure for Powerless Temperature and Humidity Sensing
Authors: Cencillo‐Abad Pablo , Mastranzo‐Ortega Pamela , Appavoo Divambal , Guo Tianyi , Zhai Lei , Sanchez‐Mondragon Javier , Chanda Debashis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNanostructured materials have enabled new ways of controlling the light–matter interaction, opening new routes for exciting applications, in display technologies and colorimetric sensing, among others. In particular, metallic nanoparticles permit the production of color structures out of colorless materials. These plasmonic structural colors are sensitive to the environment and thus offer an interesting platform for sensing. Here, a self‐assembly of aluminum nanoparticles in close proximity of a mirror is spaced by an ultrathin poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) layer. Hybridizing the plasmonic system with the active polymer layer, a thermoresponsive gap‐plasmon architecture is formed that transduces changes in the temperature and relative humidity of the environment into color changes. By harnessing the environmentally induced structural changes of PNIPAM, it was estimated from the finite difference time domain simulation that the resonance can be tuned 7 nm per every 1 nm change in thickness, resulting in color variation. Importantly, these fully reversible changes can be used for reusable powerless humidity and temperature colorimetric sensing. Crucially if condensation on the structure happens, the polymer layer is deformed beyond recovery and the colors are washed away. We leverage this effect to produce tamper‐proof dew labels that a straightforward smartphone app can read by taking a picture.
“Cation Activation”: An Effective Strategy for the Enhancement of Birefringence
Authors: Hu Chenhui , Wu Mengfan , Zhang Miao , Han Jian , Hou Xueling , Zhang Feng , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor traditional birefringent materials, the anion groups play the leading role in birefringence, while the alkali‐metal and alkaline‐earth‐metal cations are nearly inactive. This work proposes a strategy to activate the functions of the cation groups and uses the hydroxyborate systems for illustration. The experimental verification is carried out in the same anionic frame by replacing the traditional metal cations with the birefringence‐active units including planar groups of protonation [C(NH2)3], [C3N2H5], and [CN4H7]. The structures of four new hydroxyborates, α‐Rb2[B4O5(OH)4]·H2O, β‐Rb2[B4O5(OH)4]·H2O, [C(NH2)3]2[B4O5(OH)4]·H2O, and (CN4H7)B5O6(OH)4 are obtained for the first time, and [C(NH2)3]2[B4O5(OH)4]·H2O exhibits a markedly enlarged birefringence, which is about 2.75 times that of α‐Rb2[B4O5(OH)4]·H2O theoretically because the activated cations appear. This strategy breaks the dominant status of anions in the design of UV/deep ultraviolet materials with large birefringence and has significant implications for the rational design and discovery of materials with large birefringence in the future.
Synergistic Effect of H‐bond Reconstruction and Interface Regulation for High‐Voltage Aqueous Energy Storage
Authors: Hu Tianzhao , Ye Zhicheng , Wang Yuzuo , Gao Xuning , Sun Zhenhua , Li Juan , Chen Shaorui , Lian Cheng , Xu Qun , Li Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAqueous cells have gained widespread attention for their low‐cost and safety. However, the 1.23 V thermodynamic stability window of water severely limits their development and application. To solve this issue, this study proposes and demonstrates that regulators can enhance and protect water molecules through hydrogen bond reconstruction and assist in solid electrolyte interface generation. The expanded electrochemical window enables the construction of aqueous symmetric capacitors and Nb18W16O93||LiMn2O4 aqueous lithium‐ion batteries with voltages both up to 2.6 V, while exhibiting considerable Coulombic efficiency and high cycle stability. It is shown that efficient regulation of interaction and electrochemical window can also be achieved by a regulator alone, without relying on the effect of salt itself or the extreme reduction of water content. This not only provides a simple and effective way to develop aqueous cells, but also provides a new understanding for the research and utilization of H‐bonds and intermolecular interactions in water.
An integrated therapeutic approach to sickle cell disease management beyond infancy
Authors: Ribeil Jean‐Antoine , Pollock Galia , Frangoul Haydar , Steinberg Martin H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydroxyurea, the first approved drug for sickle cell disease, decreases sickle hemoglobin polymerization by inducing fetal hemoglobin. Its effects in young children are excellent; responses in adults are variable and not curative. The goal of pharmacotherapy should not be disease “moderation” but reducing morbidity and mortality by diminishing both hemolytic anemia and vaso‐occlusive events. This is best done by preventing sickle hemoglobin polymerization; if anti‐polymerization treatment is insufficient, agents disrupting pathophysiologic pathways “downstream” of the sickle hemoglobin polymer should be added. We recommend that all patients should be started first on maximal doses of hydroxyurea. When the clinical and hematologic response to hydroxyurea is insufficient, as it is almost always in adults, we favor adding voxelotor, a hemoglobin‐oxygen affinity‐shifting agent that, likely in a pancellular distribution, decreases sickle hemoglobin polymerization. The P‐selectin inhibitor crizanlizumab reduces sickle cell‐endothelial interactions and can be used in patients with continued vaso‐occlusive events. There is no physiologic reason that all three drugs could not be combined when the response to monotherapy or dual‐drug therapy is poor. Drug therapy must be considered in the context of possibly “curative” cellular therapeutics and if needed, exchange transfusion programs.
Asian Americans’ and Pacific Islanders’ preferences in recruitment strategies and messaging for participation in the CARE registry: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Ta Park Van M. , Grill Joshua D. , Tsoh Janice , Meyer Oanh L. , Ameli Niloufar , Helman Sarit , Tzuang Marian , Nam Bora , Hinton Ladson , Kanaya Alka , Gallagher‐Thompson Dolores , Vuong Quyen , Bang Joon , Shin Hye‐Won , Gansky Stuart A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis discrete choice experiment (DCE) identified Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) adults’ preferences for recruitment strategies/messaging to enroll in the Collaborative Approach for AAPI Research and Education (CARE) registry for dementia‐related research.METHODSDCE recruitment strategy/messaging options were developed in English, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese. AAPI participants 50 years and older selected (1) who, (2) what, and (3) how they would prefer hearing about CARE. Analyses utilized conditional logistic regression.RESULTSParticipants self‐identified as Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Samoan, or Vietnamese (N = 356). Overall, they preferred learning about CARE from the healthcare community (vs. community champions and faith‐based organizations), joining CARE to advance research (vs. personal experiences), and hearing about CARE through social media/instant messaging (vs. flyer or workshop/seminar). Preferences varied by age, ethnic identity, and survey completion language.DISCUSSIONDCE findings may inform tailoring recruitment strategies/messaging to engage diverse AAPI in an aging‐focused research registry.
Metal–Organic Framework Crystal–Glass Composite Membranes with Preferential Permeation of Ethane
Authors: Ao De , Yang Zibo , Qiao Zhihua , Sun Yuxiu , Zhang Zhengqing , Guiver Michael D. , Zhong Chongli 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF) glass is an easy to process and self‐supported amorphous material that is suitable for fabricating gas separation membranes. However, MOF glasses, such as ZIF‐62 and ZIF‐4 have low porosity, which makes it difficult to obtain membranes with high permeance. Here, a self‐supported MOF crystal–glass composite (CGC) membrane was prepared by melt quenching a mixture of ZIF‐62 as the membrane matrix and ZIF‐8 as the filler. The conversion of ZIF‐62 from crystal to glass and the simultaneous partial melting of ZIF‐8 facilitated by the melt state of ZIF‐62 make the CGC membrane monolithic, eliminating non‐selective grain boundaries and improving selectivity. The thickness of CGC membrane can be adjusted to fabricate a membrane without the need of a support substrate. CGC membranes exhibit a C2H6 permeance of 41 569 gas permeation units (GPU) and a C2H6/C2H4 selectivity of 7.16. The CGC membrane has abundant pores from the glassy state of ZIF‐62 and the crystalline ZIF‐8, which enables high gas permeance. ZIF‐8 has preferential adsorption for C2H6 and promotes C2H6 transport in the membrane, and thus the GCG membrane exhibits ultrahigh C2H6 permeance and good C2H6/C2H4 selectivity.
Macroscopic Assembly of Chiral Hydrogen‐bonded Metal‐free Supramolecular Glasses for Enhanced Color‐tunable Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Nie Fei , Yan Dongpeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlassy materials, with desirable mechanical rigidity, shaping ability, high transparency, are attracting great interest in diverse fields. However, optically bulk molecule‐based glasses are still rare, mainly due to limited monomeric species and harsh preparation conditions. Herein, we report a facile bottom‐up solution fabrication process to obtain metal‐free supramolecular glasses (SMGs) at the macroscopic scale using L‐Histidine and hexamethylenetetramine as building blocks. The chiral SMGs possess color‐tunable ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (decay lifetime up to 141.2 ms) and circular polarized luminescence (g factor up to 8.7×10−3). The strong hydrogen bonds effectively drive the formation of SMGs, and provide a rigid microenvironment to boost triplet exciton generation. By virtue of excitation‐ and temperature‐dependent ultralong phosphorescence of the SMGs, applications including multicolored displays, visual UV detection, and persistently luminescent thermometer are demonstrated.
Visible Light‐fueled Mechanical Motions with Dynamic Phosphorescence Induced by Topochemical [2+2] Reactions in Organoboron Crystals
Authors: Bhandary Subhrajyoti , Beliš Marek , Bourda Laurens , Kaczmarek Anna M. , Van Hecke Kristof 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the quest for essential energy solutions towards an ecological friendly future, the transformation of visible light/solar energy into mechanical motions in metal‐free luminescent crystals offers a sustainable choice of smart materials for lightweight actuating, and all‐organic electronic devices. Such green energy‐triggered photodynamic motions with room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emission in molecular crystals have not been reported yet. Here, we demonstrate three new stoichiometrically different Lewis acid‐base molecular organoboron crystals (PS1, PS2, and PS3), which exhibit rapid photosalient effects (ballistic splitting, moving, and jumping) under both ultraviolet (UV) and visible light associated with quantitative single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) [2+2] cycloaddition of preorganized olefins. Furthermore, these systems respond to sunlight and mobile (white) flashlight with a complete SCSC transformation in a relatively slow fashion. Remarkably, all PS1, PS2, and PS3 crystals display visible light‐promoted dynamic green RTP as their emission peaks promptly blue‐shift, due to instantaneous photomechanical effects. Time‐dependent structural mapping of intermediate photoproducts during fast SCSC [2+2] photoreaction, by X‐ray photodiffraction, reveals a rationale for the origin of these photodynamic motions associated with rapid topochemical transformations. The reported light‐driven behavior (mechanical motions, dynamic phosphorescence, and topochemical reactivity), is considered advantageous for the strategic design of stimuli‐responsive multi‐functional crystalline materials.
Trinuclear Gold‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Difunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Fang Qing‐Yun , Han Jie , Qin Mingzhe , Li Weipeng , Zhu Chengjian , Xie Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractActivated alkyl halides have been extensively explored to generate alkyl radicals with Ru‐ and Ir‐ photocatalysts for 1,2‐difunctionalization of alkenes, but unactivated alkyl bromides remain challenging substrates due to their strong reduction potential. Here we report a three‐component 1,2‐difunctionalization reaction of alkenes, unactivated alkyl bromides and nucleophiles (e.g., amines and indoles) using a trinuclear gold catalyst [Au3(tppm)2](OTf)3. It can achieve the 1,2‐aminoalkylation and 1,2‐alkylarylation readily. This protocol has a broad reaction scope and excellent functional group compatibility (>100 examples with up to 96 % yield). It also affords a robust formal [2+2+1] cyclization strategy for the concise construction of pyrrolidine skeletons under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies support an inner‐sphere single electron transfer pathway for the successful cleavage of inert C−Br bonds.
Synthesis of the reactive hindered phenol antioxidant 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl methyl isobutylene ester and its application in ABS resin
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Peng , Yao Feng‐Hang , Chen Jie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, a reactive hindered phenol antioxidant, 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl methyl isobutylene ester (DBHMIE), was synthesized and used to improve the antioxidant performance of ABS (acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene terpolymer) resin. The chemical structure of DBHMIE was determined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and13C NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the effects of the DBHMIE content on the antioxidant capabilities, thermal stabilities, tensile strengths, impact strengths, and morphologies of the ABS/antioxidant systems were investigated. The results indicated that the oxidation induction temperatures of the systems increased from 229.7 to 245.4°C as the DBHMIE content was increased from 0 to 0.5 wt%. The 5% mass loss temperature of the system was increased from 338.4 to 347.8°C by the addition of 0.3 wt% DBHMIE. The impact strengths of the systems increased with increasing DBHMIE content up to 0.1 wt% and then decreased. The addition of DBHMIE did not significantly affect the tensile strength of the ABS resin. SEM images showed that the DBHMIE was uniformly distributed in the ABS resin at low DBHMIE contents and agglomerated at high DBHMIE contents.
Effect of injection molding conditions on the properties of polyamide 6/calcium carbonate nanocomposite
Authors: A. Augusto Thiago , J. Carastan Danilo , N. B. Santos Amanda , C. Bonse Baltus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe application range of polyamide 6 in lightweight part applications can be significantly increased by using appropriate processing parameters and by incorporating additives. Therefore, specimens were manufactured at varying mold temperatures and injection velocities to study the effect of injection molding parameters on the properties of polyamide 6 and its nanocomposite with nano‐calcium carbonate. Mechanical properties, degree of crystallinity, density, heat deflection temperature, and melt flow index were measured to assess the effect of injection molding conditions on material properties. Mold temperature was the process factor that most affected polyamide 6 and polyamide 6/nano‐calcium carbonate properties. Increasing this parameter increased density, impact strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and heat deflection temperature. The nanocomposite's degree of crystallinity, tensile modulus, and melt flow index also increased. High injection velocity reduced only the impact strength of the nanocomposite. The findings indicate that by modifying injection parameters, it is possible to improve mechanical properties and processing efficiency of polyamide 6 and its nanocomposites, bringing them closer to their maximum potential. Incorporating the nanofiller increased almost all properties except for impact strength and elongation at break. Nano‐calcium carbonate provided considerable advantages to polyamide 6 mechanical performance and processability while increasing sample weight by only 1.5%.
Nanohybrid emulsions stabilized with calcium phosphate oligomers prepared by self‐emulsification technology for ultra‐high abrasion resistance coating
Authors: Gao Shasha , Wu Lin , Luo Jing , Jiang Yijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolyethylene waxes are low molecular weight polyolefin synthetic waxes with outstanding mechanical properties, lubricating performance, and chemical stability, which are widely used in various industrial fields. The nonpolar nature of polyethylene waxes leads to low surface energy and poor compatibility with polar materials, which limits their development applications. Therefore, developing composites with better mechanical properties is essential to overcome this drawback. In this work, calcium phosphate oligomers (CPO) are employed to stabilize nano‐emulsions of polyethylene wax modified with maleic anhydride. The emulsification of emulsions was investigated under different NaOH dosages, temperatures, emulsification times, and rotational speeds. The prepared emulsions are used as additives in polyurethane coatings and starch slurries. The CPO can reduce the particle size of the nanohybrid emulsions and greatly improve the abrasion resistance of some polymer films as additive agents. The organic and inorganic units were homogeneously combined with properties of a complete and continuous organic–inorganic network. The emulsions exhibit ultra‐high abrasion resistance when applied to polyurethane coatings and starch pastes, broadening their range of applications.
Non‐autistic adults can recognize posed autistic facial expressions: Implications for internal representations of emotion
Authors: Lampi Andrew J. , Brewer Rebecca , Bird Geoffrey , Jaswal Vikram K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutistic people report that their emotional expressions are sometimes misunderstood by non‐autistic people. One explanation for these misunderstandings could be that the two neurotypes have different internal representations of emotion: Perhaps they have different expectations about what a facial expression showing a particular emotion looks like. In three well‐powered studies with non‐autistic college students in the United States (total N = 632), we investigated this possibility. In Study 1, participants recognized most facial expressions posed by autistic individuals more accurately than those posed by non‐autistic individuals. Study 2 showed that one reason the autistic expressions were recognized more accurately was because they were better and more intense examples of the intended expressions than the non‐autistic expressions. In Study 3, we used a set of expressions created by autistic and non‐autistic individuals who could see their faces as they made the expressions, which could allow them to explicitly match the expression they produced with their internal representation of that emotional expression. Here, neither autistic expressions nor non‐autistic expressions were consistently recognized more accurately. In short, these findings suggest that differences in internal representations of what emotional expressions look like are unlikely to play a major role in explaining why non‐autistic people sometimes misunderstand the emotions autistic people are experiencing.
‘Doing well’ and ‘being well’—secondary school teachers’ perspectives
Authors: Wilson Rosanna , Sellman Edward , Joseph Stephen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe mental health and wellbeing of young people is increasingly a concern in schools. This study explores how English secondary school teachers perceive and engage with the concept of wellbeing. By asking teachers to reflect on their practice, we can draw out their relational experience and knowledge about wellbeing in the classroom. Twenty teachers were interviewed about their practice in the context of the Covid‐19 pandemic and during the academic year 2020–21. Reflexive thematic analysis reveals the challenges experienced by teachers. Specifically, we find a perceived role conflict for teachers between giving care and purveying knowledge. We draw on recent policy research and the work of Nel Noddings to account for this conflict in terms of conceptualisations of teaching practice and purpose. We illustrate how an emphasis within schools on ‘doing well’ academically undermines and marginalises a more holistic sense of ‘being well’, which contributes to a set of strains on teachers personally, professionally and relationally in terms of their interactions with students and colleagues. We propose that ‘doing well’ arises out of ‘being well’, rather than the converse, and should hence be an educational policy priority. Finally, we offer implications for how wellbeing may be woven into school culture.
Große Tragreserven bei Einzellasten auf CPC‐Platten
Authors: Rusch Mona , Lowiner Christian , Kurath Josef 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCPC (Carbon Prestressed Concrete)‐Platten sind mit Carbonfasersträngen armiert und vorgespannt. Diese neuentwickelten Platten sind bei gleicher Biegetragfähigkeit deutlich schlanker als herkömmliche Stahlbetonplatten. Dadurch werden das Gewicht und der Materialverbrauch gegenüber herkömmlichen Stahlbetonlösungen deutlich reduziert. Die Tragwirkung von CPC‐Platten ist analog derjenigen von vorgespanntem Stahlbeton. Die Bemessung erfolgt anhand der bauaufsichtlichen Zulassung Z‐71.3‐42 des Deutschen Instituts für Bautechnik. Insbesondere bei Brückenbelägen wird rechnerisch häufig der Nachweis der Einzellast (Unterhaltsfahrzeug) maßgebend. In diversen Versuchen an der TU Graz sowie an der Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW) konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Einzellasten deutlich besser abgetragen werden können, als in der Zulassung rechnerisch angesetzt. Die mitwirkende Breite spielt dabei eine entscheidende Rolle.
The interaction between enhancer variants and environmental factors as an overlooked aetiological paradigm in human complex disease
Authors: Robert Sarah , Rada‐Iglesias Alvaro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to the aetiology of complex human diseases. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed that most of the genetic variants associated with complex diseases are located in the non‐coding part of the genome, preferentially within enhancers. Enhancers are distal cis‐regulatory elements composed of clusters of transcription factors binding sites that positively regulate the expression of their target genes. The generation of genome‐wide maps for histone marks (e.g., H3K27ac), chromatin accessibility and transcription factor and coactivator (e.g., p300) binding profiles have enabled the identification of enhancers across many human cell types and tissues. Nonetheless, the functional and pathological consequences of the majority of disease‐associated genetic variants located within enhancers seem to be rather minor under normal conditions, thus questioning their medical relevance. Here we propose that, due to the prevalence of enhancer redundancy, the pathological effects of many disease‐associated non‐coding genetic variants might be preferentially (or even only) manifested under environmental stress.