bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat and mass transfer analysis for magnetized flow of $${\mathrm{ZnO}-SAE50}$$ nanolubricant with variable properties: an application of Cattaneo–Christov model
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Khan Nargis , Hashmi M. S. , Younis Jihad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current study scrutinizes heat and mass transfer features of magnetized flow of$${\mathrm{ZnO}-SAE50}$$ZnO-SAE50nanolubricant over Riga plate in a Darcy Forchheimer medium. The effects of variable viscosity, thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity, viscous dissipation and uniform heat source/sink are examined in this study. The diffusion model presented by Cattaneo–Christov is incorporated in this study to enclose heat and mass transport phenomenon. Additionally, the mass transfer rate is inspected subjected to the effects of variable solutal diffusivity and higher order chemical reaction. Heat and mass transfer phenomena have significant applications in the disciplines of science and technology that can be seen everywhere in nature. This simultaneous transportation phenomenon indicates a variety of applications in manufacturing processes, aerodynamics, cooling systems, environmental sciences, oceanography, food industries, biological disciplines, and energy transport systems etc. The modeled system of PDEs is metamorphosed to nonlinear ODEs with the introduction of appropriate transformations. An eminent bvp4c method in MATLAB has been incorporated to execute the resulting system of ODEs numerically. The outcomes of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles corresponding to various emerging parameters have been exposed graphically. The motion of$${\mathrm{ZnO}-SAE50}$$ZnO-SAE50nanolubricant tends to enhance significantly with larger modified Hartmann number, whereas converse behavior is reported by increasing porosity parameter and variable viscosity parameter. The greater heat transfer rate is observed for variable thermal conductivity parameter. The rates of heat and mass transfer slow down for thermal and solutal time relaxation parameters respectively. The concentration profile gets enriched by growing the order of the chemical reaction and variable mass diffusivity parameter. It is concluded that by increasing solid volume fraction up to$$1.5\%$$1.5%, the viscosity of the nanolubricant enhances up to$$12\%$$12%which consequently slows down motion of the nanolubricant but increases temperature and concentration profiles.
Acidified biochar improves lead tolerance and enhances morphological and biochemical attributes of mint in saline soil
Authors: Shahzad Azhar Sohail , Younis Uzma , Naz Nargis , Danish Subhan , Syed Asad , Elgorban Abdallah M. , Eswaramoorthy Rajalakshmanan , Huang Shoucheng , Battaglia Martin Leonardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLead (Pb) toxicity is a significant environmental issue, especially in areas with a past of industrial activities and mining. The existence of Pb in the soil can have negative impacts on plant growth and development, and it can also pose a risk to human health through the food chain. Acidified carbon has shown promise as an effective management technology for mitigating Pb toxicity. This study provides important insights into the potential of acidified biochar as a low-cost and eco-friendly method for managing Pb-contaminated soils. The current study explores the effectiveness of acidified biochar (AB) in alleviating Pb stress in mint. The study involved two levels of Pb (0 = control and 200 mg/kg Pb) and four levels of AB as treatments (0, 0.45, 0.90, and 1.20%). Results indicate that 1.20% AB was the most effective treatment, significantly decreasing root and shoot Pb concentration while enhancing shoot and root fresh and dry weight, shoot and root length, and shoot and root N, P, and K concentration. Moreover, a significant decrease in MDA (0.45AB, 0.90AB, and 1.20AB caused a decline in MDA content by 14.3%, 27.8%, and 40.2%, respectively) and an increase in ascorbic acid (0.45AB, 0.90AB, and 1.20AB led to an increase in ascorbic acid content of 1.9%, 24.8%, and 28.4%, respectively) validated the effectiveness of 1.20% AB compared to the control. Adding 0.45AB, 0.90AB, and 1.20AB led to an increase in soluble sugar content of 15.6%, 27.5%, and 32.1%, respectively, compared to the treatment without AB. Further investigations at the field level are suggested to confirm the efficacy of 1.20% AB as the best treatment against Pb toxicity in saline soil conditions.
An Assessment of Hearing Health Care Needs in Rural West Central and South Alabama
Authors: Hay-McCutcheon Marcia J. , Brothers Emma B. , Allen Rebecca S. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
Hearing loss has become a significant public health concern because of its association with physical health, cognition, and emotional well-being. Age-related hearing loss is the third leading cause of global years lived with disability after lower back pain and migraine. Among other sensory disorders, hearing loss is ranked first. To help mitigate these health concerns, access to affordable hearing health care across rural and urban communities will be necessary.

Method:
For this study, the needs of rural communities and their residents with hearing loss were explored. Individual interviews and focus group discussions with 26 adults with hearing loss, 14 friends and family of those with hearing loss, and 25 community members who worked and lived in rural communities were conducted.

Results:
Collectively, four themes emerged from qualitative analysis of the comments from all three groups, including Communication and Other Related Hearing Loss Issues, Social and Emotional Issues, Dealing with Hearing Loss, and Addressing Hearing Loss in the Community. Factors associated with the themes were mapped onto the Meikirch Model of Health to determine potential areas of intervention within the individual, society, and environment components of the model.

Conclusion:
Future care mitigating health concerns for adults with hearing loss living in rural communities will involve interprofessional collaboration and increased access to hearing health care.
Coordinated suppression strategies for passive and active resonances of the MMC‐HVDC AC‐side system on the medium‐ and high‐frequency bands
Authors: Dai Feng , Liu Shenquan , Wang Gang , Zeng Dehui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe medium‐ and high‐frequency resonance between modular multilevel converters (MMCs) and the AC grid has attracted increasing attention due to the frequent occurrence of resonance events in recent years. Therefore, resonance issues are analyzed, and corresponding suppression strategies are proposed in this paper. First, the analytical expression of the MMC AC‐side impedance is established. Then, the mechanism and influencing factors of different types of resonances, including active resonance and passive resonance, are analyzed to provide a more comprehensive perspective. To aid the suppression of these resonances, resonance risk indexes are defined to evaluate the resonance risk, and then the suppression effects of different strategies are compared through analytical calculations. Subsequently, coordinated resonance suppression strategies suitable for different resonance situations are proposed. The key points of the suppression strategies are to suppress the negative damping of MMC impedance at the resonance frequency and improve the integrated impedance of the MMC AC‐side system. Finally, the proposed suppression strategies are verified by simulation results.
Effect of requirements specification using native language on external software quality
Authors: Uyaguari Fernando , Guevara‐Vega Cathy , Quiña‐Mera Antonio , Uyaguari Alvaro , Acosta Cristina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the context of requirements specification in Global Software Development, aspects such as differences in culture, language and schedule affect software development teams; however, we do not know the effect of these issues. Compare the native language requirements with the foreign language requirements concerning external quality. We conducted a controlled experiment of one‐factor two treatments within‐subjects with 17 experimental subjects. Wilcoxon test indicates that there is evidence to reject the null hypothesis (p‐value = 0.008); there is a statistically significant difference. The external quality value obtained with native language requirements is superior to the external quality produced with the foreign language. The effect size equals an absolute value of 0.45, which corresponds to a medium effect. The language used in the requirements specification influences the external quality; using the native language in the requirements specification significantly increases the external quality. The result obtained in this research should be considered to evaluate the roles and English language skills of GSD team members and their effect on external software quality. We also suggest considering the English language skills of the experimental subjects in the experimental laboratories since language could influence the results of the experiments.
Erfahrungen von HausärztInnen mit COVID-19 und der Pandemie
– ein Survey nach der ersten Pandemiewelle im März/April
2020
Authors: Schrader Hanna , Borgulya Gábor , Parisi Sandra , Joos Stefanie , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Barzel Anne , Raus Christina , Sanftenberg Linda , Kühlein Thomas , Maun Andy , Schmidt Julia , Linde Klaus , Gágyor Ildikó 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die erste COVID-19-Pandemiewelle
(März–April 2020) hat die hausärztliche Versorgung vor
große Herausforderungen gestellt. Ziel der Studie war es zu untersuchen,
wie belastend HausärztInnen die Krisensituation zu Pandemiebeginn und im
weiteren Pandemieverlauf erlebt haben. Zusätzlich sollten
prädiktive Faktoren für das Überforderungsgefühl
identifiziert werden.
Methode Von August bis Oktober 2020 erfolgte eine Querschnittsbefragung
von Hausarztpraxen in vier Bundesländern zur Versorgungsrealität
sowie zu psychischen Belastungen im Rahmen der Coronapandemie. Insgesamt 6300
zufällig ausgewählte HausärztInnen wurden
angeschrieben.
Ergebnisse Die Rücklaufquote betrug 23%. 46% der
Teilnehmenden waren weiblich. 40% der Teilnehmenden gaben an, zu Beginn
der Pandemie unter einem großen oder sehr großen
Überforderungsgefühl gelitten zu haben, zum Befragungszeitpunkt
äußerten dies nur noch 10%. Mit steigender Anzahl der
COVID-19-PatientInnen nahm das Gefühl der Überforderung zu;
gleichzeitig stieg auch die selbst eingeschätzte Kompetenz,
COVID-19-PatientInnen zu versorgen. Unter anderem trugen eine hohe psychische
Belastung, hoher Organisationsaufwand, eine schlechte
selbsteingeschätzte Kompetenz bei der Versorgung von
COVID-19-PatientInnen und mangelnde Versorgung mit Schutzausrüstung zum
Überforderungserleben der HausärztInnen bei.
Schlussfolgerung Trotz anfänglicher Überforderung
fühlten sich HausärztInnen zunehmend kompetent in der Versorgung
von COVID-19-PatientInnen. Um HausärztInnen in Krisensituationen
zukünftig besser zu unterstützen, sollten organisatorische
Tätigkeiten möglichst vereinfacht werden, um das Augenmerk auf
die PatientInnenversorgung legen zu können.
Entwicklung und interne Validierung von Falldefinitionen für
die Prävalenzschätzung mikrovaskulärer Komplikationen
des Diabetes in Routinedaten
Authors: Reitzle Lukas , Köster Ingrid , Tuncer Oktay , Schmidt Christian , Meyer Ingo 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Für die Surveillance von Diabetes bedarf es aktueller
Daten zur Prävalenz des Diabetes und seiner Komplikationen im zeitlichen
Verlauf. Hierbei werden zunehmend Daten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung
(GKV) genutzt, da diese zeitnah zur Verfügung stehen und die Fallzahlen
detaillierte Schätzungen auch von Diabeteskomplikationen erlauben. Ziel
der vorliegenden Studie war die Entwicklung und interne Validierung von
Falldefinitionen für die Prävalenzschätzung der
diabetischen Retinopathie (DRP), der diabetischen Polyneuropathie (DPN) und des
diabetischen Fußsyndroms (DFS).
Methodik Datengrundlage der Studie bilden Personen mit Diabetes
unterschieden nach Typ-1-, Typ-2- und sonstigem Diabetes in einer alters- und
geschlechtsstratifizierten Stichprobe von Barmer Versicherten im Jahr 2018
(n=72.744). Ausgehend von den zentralen ICD-Codes für die
mikrovaskulären Komplikationen (DRP: H36.0; DPN: G63.2; DFS:
E1X.74/.75) wurden Falldefinitionen unter Einbezug weiterer ICD-Codes,
die die Komplikation ohne direkten Diabetesbezug verschlüsseln,
entwickelt. Anschließend wurden die Falldefinitionen intern validiert.
Hierfür wurden eine Codierung im stationären (m1S) oder
wiederholt im ambulanten Bereich (m2Q) sowie eine Codierung spezifischer
Leistungen (EBM, OPS) und Arzneimittelverordnungen oder durch relevante
Facharztgruppen betrachtet. Abschließend wurde das Vorliegen der
Diagnosen in den Vorjahren analysiert.
Ergebnisse Im Jahr 2018 betrug die Prävalenz der zentralen
ICD-Codes der DRP (H36.0) 8,4%, der DPN (G63.2) 18,9% und des
DFS (E1X.74/.75) 13,4%. Unter Einbezug weiterer ICD-Codes in die
Falldefinitionen erhöhten sich die Prävalenzen für DRP
(9,6%) und DPN (20,7%) deutlich, für DFS kaum
(13,5%). Die interne Validierung bestätigte den Großteil
der Diagnosen (DRP: 96,7%; DPN: 96,5% DFS: 95,8%) und
m2Q stellte das relevanteste Kriterium dar. Bei Berücksichtigung von bis
zu vier Vorjahren fielen die Prävalenzen für DPN und DFS um bis
zu 30% und für DRP um bis zu 64% höher aus.
Schlussfolgerung Der Einbezug zusätzlicher ICD-Codes in die
Falldefinition von mikrovaskulären Komplikationen des Diabetes erscheint
sinnvoll, da diese die Sensitivität der
Prävalenzschätzung erhöht. Die interne Validierung
deutet darauf hin, dass die dokumentierten Diagnosen plausibel sind. Allerdings
wird ein Teil der Diagnosen nicht jährlich dokumentiert, was zu einer
Unterschätzung in der querschnittlichen Betrachtung eines Jahres
führt.
A Prospective Open-Label Study for Treatment of Infraorbital Hollows Using a Volumizing Hyaluronic Acid Filler
Authors: Smith Scott W. , Massey Blaine L. , Hall Michael B. , Buckingham Edward D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and early adverse events of using the hyaluronic acid filler VYC-20L for the treatment of infraorbital hollowing. A total of 21 participants underwent injection of VYC-20L. FACE-Q satisfaction surveys before and after treatment along with early adverse events surveys were conducted. Pre- and posttreatment photos were graded, and the Allergan Infraorbital Hollows Scale was used to assess the difference in infraorbital hollowing. The results showed infraorbital hollowing improvement with VYC-20L was significant (p < 0.001). FACE-Q Satisfaction with Eyes scores on average were 27 points higher after treatment (p < 0.001). The mean FACE-Q Satisfaction with Decision score was 74.1%. The most common short-term adverse symptoms were tenderness (67%), swelling (62%), and bruising (52%). This study concludes that VYC-20L is an effective nonsurgical treatment option for infraorbital hollowing with high patient satisfaction.
A New Method for the Introduction of an Acylsulfonamide Moiety Applied to a 3-Substituted Functionalized Indole Framework ­Related to the Welwitindolinone Alkaloids
Authors: Menéndez J. Carlos , Ruiz-Serrano Miriam , López-Alvarado Pilar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe one-pot reaction between an α-formylcyclohexanone derivative and tosyl azide in the presence of rhodium trifluoroacetate dimer afforded an acylsulfonamide derivative. This transformation is proposed to arise from a domino mechanism involving the in situ generation, through the Regitz method, of an α-diazoketone, followed by its transformation into a rhodium carbenoid and its combination with N-tosylformamide, generated as a side product of the first step of the mechanism. Overall, this transformation leads to the generation of a C–N bond between the formyl carbon and the azide nitrogen adjacent to the sulfonyl group.
Smart Hydrogel Reactor of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Polyethylene Glycol Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Oxidative Coupling of 2-Naphthol
Authors: Habaue Shigeki , Chen Minghao , Watanabe Takumi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrogels with an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (poly-NIPAM) gel and a gel containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains were synthesized. They showed a typical temperature-responsive volume change in water owing to the constructed poly-NIPAM gel component. Oxidative coupling of 2-naphthol with IPN cryogels and a conventional catalyst, the CuCl2 complex of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylenediamine, was conducted in water under an O2 atmosphere; the IPN gel prepared from PEG with a larger molecular weight of 11000 afforded a product with a good yield of 73% (91% conv.) during the reaction in basic media. The hydrogel effectively promoted the reaction but hardly produced any product without the catalyst, acting as a reactor vessel in the water. Owing to the low durability of the PEG gel component for hydrolysis, a limitation was also suggested during experiments on the recyclability of the hydrogel.
Optimizing Auditory Brainstem Response Test with Narrow Band Level-Specific CE-Chirps
Authors: Bal Nilüfer , Gedik Toker Özge , Hüsam Hilal , Özdemir Sümeyye , Lien Bartlomiej Dao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of narrow band level-specific Claus Elberling-Chirp (NB LS CE-Chirp) and LS CE-Chirp stimuli on the amplitudes, latencies, and interpeak latencies in comparison with tone burst (TB) and click.
Methods A total of 40 ears (10 males, 10 females; age range: 20–26) individuals who had no complaints related to hearing participated in the study. Differences between click and LS CE-Chirp, frequency-specific (500—1,000—2,000—4,000) TB, and NB LS CE-Chirp were investigated at stimuli intensity of 70 decibel normal hearing loss (dBnHL).
Results Absolute latencies were obtained longer in LS CE-Chirp than click stimulus, except wave V. At all frequencies, absolute latencies of I-III-V waves obtained with TB were significantly longer than those obtained with NB LS CE-Chirp. Amplitudes were higher in NB LS CE-Chirp compared to click and TB at all frequencies except 500 Hz.
Conclusion The use of NB LS CE-Chirp is advantageous in patient assessment, but the benefit decreases at low frequencies. The differences in latency values of the stimuli should be taken into account in order to make a reliable interpretation of the results.
New Markers for Management of Mesothelioma
Authors: Nash Alistair , Firth née Phan Tina , Creaney Jenette 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this review, we provide an update on the status of cancer biomarkers for the clinical management of pleural mesothelioma, an aggressive cancer associated with asbestos exposure. Mesothelioma can be difficult to diagnose, and response to treatment is transient, even with recently adopted immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combinations. Identification of mesothelioma-specific biomarkers could facilitate early diagnosis and tailor treatment strategies. Mesothelioma is characterized by frequent loss or alteration of the tumor suppressor genes cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) and BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1). Accumulating data show these genes and/or their related protein products will be valuable tissue-based biomarkers for mesothelioma. Loss of BAP1, CDKN2A, p16, or methylthioadenosine phosphorylase provide pathologists with a reliable means of differentiating between mesothelioma and reactive mesothelial cell proliferations. This can aid diagnosis in difficult cases and is requisite for the identification of the new pathological entity malignant mesothelioma in situ. However, limited progress in identifying clinically useful soluble biomarkers in this cancer type has been made, with mesothelin remaining the benchmark. To date, results from studies to identify predictive biomarkers for ICI response have been disappointing. A recent retrospective study demonstrated BAP1 loss was predictive of improved survival following combination pemetrexed- and platinum-based chemotherapy. Validation of this result could have important clinical implications. Clinical trials aimed at targeting therapy based on biomarker expression are generally in the early phase setting, with overall results being moderate. The identification of biomarkers for mesothelioma remains a key research question due to their potential to improve patient outcomes in this deadly cancer.
Experimental examination of the phase transition of water on silica at 298 K
Authors: Saber Sepehr , Narayanaswamy Nagarajan , Ward C. A. , Elliott Janet A. W. 
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the prediction of the wetting characteristics obtained from the equilibrium adsorption analysis using the Zeta adsorption isotherm approach with an experimental study. Water vapor’s adsorption and wetting characteristics on a hydroxylated and nano-polished silica substrate were studied in near-equilibrium conditions at temperatures near 298 K. Using a UV–visible interferometer, water vapor adsorbate film thicknesses were measured and converted into amount adsorbed per unit area. The current results show that the wetting transition occurred at an average subcooling value of 0.39 K, less than the predicted value of 0.49 K. All the different experimental observations showed growth of film thickness as a function of subcooling value with a maximum film thickness of 12.6 nm. The analysis of the results further showed that the maximum stable film was in a metastable state that then condensed in a dropwise manner, if perturbed by increasing the subcooling. The study further revealed that the adsorbate is unstable after transitioning. The solid surface energy calculated by including the near-equilibrium observations was comparable and close to that of the equilibrium studies, thus supporting solid surface energy as a material property.
Understanding the mechanisms of anisotropic dissolution in metal oxides by applying radiolysis simulations to liquid-phase TEM
Authors: Liu Lili , Sassi Michel , Zhang Xin , Nakouzi Elias , Kovarik Libor , Xue Sichuang , Jin Biao , Rosso Kevin M. , De Yoreo James J. 
Published: May 2023

Iron-based redox-active minerals are ubiquitous in soils, sediments, and aquatic systems. Their dissolution is of great importance for microbial impacts on carbon cycling and the biogeochemistry of the lithosphere and hydrosphere. Despite its widespread significance and extensive prior study, the atomic-to-nanoscale mechanisms of dissolution remain poorly understood, particularly the interplay between acidic and reductive processes. Here, we use in situ liquid-phase-transmission electron microscopy (LP-TEM) and simulations of radiolysis to probe and control acidic versus reductive dissolution of akaganeite (β–FeOOH) nanorods. Informed by crystal structure and surface chemistry, the balance between acidic dissolution at rod tips and reductive dissolution at rod sides was systematically varied using pH buffers, background chloride anions, and electron beam dose. We find that buffers, such as bis-tris, effectively inhibited dissolution by consuming radiolytic acidic and reducing species such as superoxides and aqueous electrons. In contrast, chloride anions simultaneously suppressed dissolution at rod tips by stabilizing structural elements while promoting dissolution at rod sides through surface complexation. Dissolution behaviors were systematically varied by shifting the balance between acidic and reductive attacks. The findings show LP-TEM combined with simulations of radiolysis effects can provide a unique and versatile platform for quantitatively investigating dissolution mechanisms, with implications for understanding metal cycling in natural environments and the development of tailored nanomaterials.