bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondhand smoke’s effects on brain development: ADHD and associated behaviors in children
Authors: Elbeeh Mohamed E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSecondhand smoke, also known as passive smoking, is a serious health hazard that affects millions of people worldwide. Exposure to secondhand smoke has been linked to a range of negative health outcomes, including lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory problems. In fact, the World Health Organization estimates that secondhand smoke causes more than 600,000 premature deaths each year. It’s important for individuals and governments to take steps to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke in order to protect public health. The Inhalation of secondhand smoke by active smokers and their companions is associated with illness and death. Many young people around the world are exposed to secondhand smoke. Infants and young children worldwide are at increased risk of exposure to secondhand smoke before and after birth due to their underdeveloped brain, immune and respiratory systems. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with impairment of executive function in children and contributes to current and future public health burdens. This review examines scientific advances in the relationship between secondhand smoke and the development of attention-deficit and hyperactive behavior in children, both as a symptom and as part of a mental health problem. Tobacco smoke inhalation has many effects that are best described in terms of changes in regulatory processes, including cell communication, structural development, and epigenetic effects that are passed from generation to generation. It was decided that public health efforts should aim to increase parental awareness and compliance with existing guidelines that do not recommend safe exposure levels.
From Mulberry Street to Market Street: childness matters
Authors: Coats Karen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn 2016, Last Stop on Market Street, an American picturebook by Matt de la Pena, won the Newberry Medal, a Caldecott Honor, and a Coretta Scott King illustrator honor. In March 2021, Dr Seuss Enterprises, after working “with a panel of experts, including educators,” decided to cease publishing And to Think I Saw in on Mulberry Street (1937) along with five other books that “portray people in ways that are hurtful and wrong.” Both decisions seem to have been motivated by a strong commitment to a contemporary critical multicultural perspective (Yenika-Agbaw, 2022). In this paper, I will explore another perspective through which we might assess the quality and potential impact these and other texts might have on child readers. Drawing on Peter Hollindale’s (1997) contention that a children’s book acts as the vehicle for a reading event during which readers form or reform their ideas of the social construction of childhood and their place within that construction, I will examine how these books portray “childness,” defined by Hollindale as both a distinguishing property of a text and what a reader brings to the reading. As these texts offer snapshots of what it means to be a child in two different times and contexts, I argue that the constructions of childhood in children’s books have changed significantly in the twenty-first century. I will use multimodal discourse analysis and critical content analysis to query the degree to which these texts are “childly” (a term of respect for Hollindale, as opposed to childish) by focusing on notions of the imagination, diverse representation, and adult/child relations.
A method for direct in-space thrust estimation from low-acceleration orbital maneuvers
Authors: Jia-Richards Oliver , Marzouk Youssef M. , Lozano Paulo C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a method for performing direct in-space thrust estimation for low-acceleration propulsion systems using measurements of the spacecraft’s position taken during an orbital maneuver. The method is based on the ensemble Kalman update which does not require linearization of the spacecraft dynamics nor does it require Gaussian distributions for parameter uncertainties and measurement noise, allowing for a more general approach to thrust estimation. In addition, modeling error, such as that caused by the truncation of a spherical-harmonics representation of the Earth’s gravitational field, can be explicitly accounted for by representing the error with Gaussian processes. Simulated experiments show that uncertainty in the propulsive acceleration magnitude on the order of 0.1 $$\mu$$
μ
m/s$$^2$$

2

(1$$\sigma$$
σ
) can be achieved at an orbit altitude of approximately 410 km with temporally-sparse measurements even in the presence of uncertain atmospheric drag, and Monte Carlo analysis demonstrates the consistency of the inference results. Trends in the estimate of the propulsive acceleration with the true acceleration value are explored empirically and theoretically in order to allow for generalization of the results. The outcome of this work is a systematic approach to direct in-space thrust estimation that can support the final steps of development for future in-space electric propulsion systems or the calibration of a thruster during a mission.
Comprehensive Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices, alongside Predictive Factors, Affecting Optimal Management of Gestational Diabetes in Pregnant Women across Multicenter Sites in Lebanon
Authors: Ibrahim Rana , Al-hajje Amal , Khachman Dalia , Zein Salam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health concern at a global level. Educating pregnant women is critical if we are to control this disease and prevent its adverse consequences. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Lebanese pregnant women with regards to GDM and identify predictors of good practice. A total of 187 pregnant women with a mean age of 27 years were recruited from private gynecology clinics in different regions of Lebanon. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data relating to knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. Analysis revealed poor knowledge, good attitude, and average practice levels with regards to GDM among the participants. Based on our findings, it was observed that pregnant women who were in their first trimester exhibited greater adherence to practices when compared to those who were in their third trimester. Age was inversely associated with the practice of pregnant women, whereas the presence of comorbidities reduced the probability of attaining adequate practical scores. Our findings highlight the need for institutionalizing therapeutic education practices, particularly group education, to equip pregnant women with appropriate management skills, attitudes, and practices to prevent GDM.
The strategies of overall spatial regulation for rural area: based on Shanghai’s experience
Authors: Geng Huizhi , Li Kaiming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnder the spatial planning system, the spatial regulation of rural areas faces the basic requirements of "comprehensive coverage of regulation objects, refined regulation measures at each level, and regulation level corresponding to the administrative power". Since the reform and opening up, Shanghai has gradually developed from the "single administrative area" regulation of rural construction spaces to the "comprehensive regulation" of three types of rural spaces. The regulation system consisting of three levels has been formed, including village layout planning, suburb unit planning, and village design. Comprehensive coverage of regulation objects and refined regulation measures at each level have been realized. However, there are also problems such as the weak regulation of the ecological space, the need to improve the level of fine regulation andexcessive restrictions on regulation contents at the town level. Based on the analysis of Shanghai's successful experience and existing problems, the zoning, grading and classification strategy for the spatial regulation in entire rural administrative areas is proposed. Refine the regulation objects based on "spatial zoning-usage unit-plot polygon", define regulation tasks of all levels as per "structural regulation-usage regulation-element regulation"; formulate classified regulation measures according to "transmission of basic element level by level, classified overlying of additional elements".
Identification of delirium from real-world electronic health record clinical notes
Authors: St. Sauver Jennifer , Fu Sunyang , Sohn Sunghwan , Weston Susan , Fan Chun , Olson Janet , Thorsteinsdottir Bjoerg , LeBrasseur Nathan , Pagali Sandeep , Rocca Walter , Liu Hongfang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
We tested the ability of our natural language processing (NLP) algorithm to identify delirium episodes in a large-scale study using real-world clinical notes.

Methods:
We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify persons ≥ 65 years who were hospitalized between 2011 and 2017. We identified all persons with an International Classification of Diseases code for delirium within ±14 days of a hospitalization. We independently applied our NLP algorithm to all clinical notes for this same population. We calculated rates using number of delirium episodes as the numerator and number of hospitalizations as the denominator. Rates were estimated overall, by demographic characteristics, and by year of episode, and differences were tested using Poisson regression.

Results:
In total, 14,255 persons had 37,554 hospitalizations between 2011 and 2017. The code-based delirium rate was 3.02 per 100 hospitalizations (95% CI: 2.85, 3.20). The NLP-based rate was 7.36 per 100 (95% CI: 7.09, 7.64). Rates increased with age (both p < 0.0001). Code-based rates were higher in men compared to women (p = 0.03), but NLP-based rates were similar by sex (p = 0.89). Code-based rates were similar by race and ethnicity, but NLP-based rates were higher in the White population compared to the Black and Asian populations (p = 0.001). Both types of rates increased significantly over time (both p values < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The NLP algorithm identified more delirium episodes compared to the ICD code method. However, NLP may still underestimate delirium cases because of limitations in real-world clinical notes, including incomplete documentation, practice changes over time, and missing clinical notes in some time periods.
From Bad to Worse: The Continuous Dilemma Facing Parliaments in European Economic and Fiscal Governance
Authors: Leino-Sandberg Päivi , Raunio Tapio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnalysing how the roles of national parliaments and the European Parliament have changed in European economic governance since the euro crisis, this article argues that their situation has deteriorated in the post-Next Generation EU regime. It identifies structural factors impeding more effective parliamentary engagement, relates these to empirical evidence about the role of domestic legislatures and the European Parliament and mirrors these practices against constitutional interpretations concerning the democratic role of parliaments in budgetary matters. The broader Economic and Monetary Union architecture has grown to encompass a variety of rules and mechanisms, many of which are located outside of the treaties and the budget of the Union. As a result, parliaments lack formal powers that would guarantee them meaningful participation rights in European economic and fiscal governance. The key to more effective parliamentary involvement is ensuring that the parliaments can genuinely shape policies and that a strong link is established between elections and budgetary politics.
Hygiene with wet wipes in bedridden patients to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection in cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Castellà Laia , Casas Irma , Giménez Montse , Reina Dina , Sopena Nieves , García-Quesada Maria-José ,   the Clinical Working Group
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe assessed hygiene with wet wipes in bedridden patients with urinary catheters for catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention. CAUTIs occurred in 16.5% of the control group compared to 5.9% of the intervention group (P = .035). Hygiene with wet wipes can substitute for conventional hygiene for preventing CAUTI.
Islamic art and visualities of war from the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic
Authors: Tongo Gizem , Schick İrvin Cemil 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article explores how Islamic art was produced and used in Turkey within the context of modern warfare during World War I, the War of Independence, and the nascent Republic – a subject still relatively understudied in Turkish history, as well as in international cultural histories of modern warfare and histories of modern art in the Middle East. Drawing on previously overlooked visual and textual sources such as calligraphic panels, miniature paintings, war posters, and religious timetables produced during the years 1914–1924, we examine the ways in which Islamic arts were articulated with the experience of war through both individual actions and official policies, revealing how Ottoman artists tried to make sense of war and how Islamic genres and motifs were appropriated, and sometimes subverted, in the service of the nationalist cause. We show that far from exhibiting a sharp discontinuity, the transition from Ottoman–Islamic to Republican–nationalist artistic content was gradual, involving the reappropriation and repurposing of Islamic motifs and techniques in a manner that reflected the religious mindset of the elites and masses in the early twentieth century.
A reimagined One Health framework for wildlife conservation
Authors: Stephen Craig , Wilcox Alana , Sine Sarah , Provencher Jennifer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The One Health discourse is dominated by the role of animal health as a determinant of human health. This discourse often disregards the intrinsic and ecological value of healthy animals and is thus an inadequate framing for wildlife conservation. Our paper reimagines One Health for conservation purposes based on five premises: (i) health is cumulative; (ii) there are multiple species with different health needs and goals in the same setting; (iii) One Health emphasizes “bundled” relationships unique to a setting, rather than independent and intersecting spheres of health; and One Health should be (iv) equity informed and (v) have a shared goal that can be achieved through intersectoral actions. The reimagined framework is centered on the guiding principle that all actions should ensure no species or generation is prevented from reaching good health by the actions to protect other species or generations. Grounded in the positive outcome of health equity, the framework uses three prompts to guide One Health planning – populations, places and goals. The paper discusses how the framework can be applied for research concerning wood bison herds under imminent threat in Canada.
Changing stereotypes of partisans in the Trump Era
Authors: Busby Ethan C. , Howat Adam J. , Daniel Myers C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStereotypes of the two parties play an important role in political cognition, and a range of recent studies have examined the content and effects of partisan stereotypes. However, little work has studied change in partisan stereotypes over time. We address this question by comparing data on stereotypes of partisans collected before and after the Trump presidency, a time when we might expect individuals' images of the two parties to undergo significant change. Using a structural topic model, we compare responses to open-ended questions asking respondents to list words describing members of the two parties from 2016 and 2021. We find that partisan stereotypes in the 2021 sample are less group- and issue-based and focused more on personal traits. These results suggest that, during the Trump era, members of the mass public came to see the parties in more personalized, character-focused terms, potentially contributing to affective polarization.
ON THE EXPECTED UNIFORM ERROR OF BROWNIAN MOTION APPROXIMATED BY THE LÉVY–CIESIELSKI CONSTRUCTION
Authors: BROWN BRUCE , GRIEBEL MICHAEL , KUO FRANCES Y. , SLOAN IAN H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Brownian bridge or Lévy–Ciesielski construction of Brownian paths almost surely converges uniformly to the true Brownian path. We focus on the uniform error. In particular, we show constructively that at level N, at which there are
$d=2^N$
points evaluated on the Brownian path, the uniform error and its square, and the uniform error of geometric Brownian motion, have upper bounds of order
$\mathcal {O}(\sqrt {\ln d/d})$
, matching the known orders. We apply the results to an option pricing example.
Does Protest Influence Political Speech? Evidence from UK Climate Protest, 2017–2019
Authors: Barrie Christopher , Fleming Thomas G. , Rowan Sam S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHow does protest affect political speech? Protest is an important form of political claim-making, yet our understanding of its influence on how individual legislators communicate remains limited. Our paper thus extends a theoretical framework on protests as information about voter preferences, and evaluates it using crowd-sourced protest data from the 2017–2019 Fridays for Future protests in the UK. We combine these data with ~2.4m tweets from 553 legislators over this period and text data from ~150k parliamentary speech records. We find that local protests prompted MPs to speak more about the climate, but only online. These results demonstrate that protest can shape the timing and substance of political communication by individual elected representatives. They also highlight an important difference between legislators' offline and online speech, suggesting that more work is needed to understand how political strategies differ across these arenas.
Using community science to identify predators of spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), in North America
Authors: Johnson Anne E. , Cornell Alison , Hermann Sara , Zhu Fang , Hoover Kelli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is an invasive insect that was first detected in the United States in 2014 and feeds on a wide variety of plants, with economic impacts on the agricultural, ornamental, and timber industries. Part of what likely contributes to the success of L. delicatula in its invaded range is that it appears to be chemically defended by sequestering toxins from its host plant(s), which may deter predators in the introduced range. To determine the identity and behavior of North American predators that feed on spotted lanternfly, we performed a community science study in which we asked members of the public to contribute reports of animals feeding on spotted lanternfly through a Facebook page. The largest group of reported predators was arthropods followed by birds. Araneae was the arthropod order with the most reports and Phasianidae was the most frequently reported bird family. Using Pearson's χ2 tests, we also identified significant relationships between predator behavior and (1) taxonomic group of the predator, (2) L. delicatula life stage, and (3) host plant L. delicatula was observed on. These results can help to guide future research on predator host shifting to spotted lanternfly and potential for biocontrol as a management tactic.
Nasal obstruction in adults: how it affects psychological status?
Authors: Yıldırım YS , Deveci E , Ozucer B , Kurt Y 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the psychological status of patients with unilateral or bilateral complete nasal obstruction.MethodThe study included 49 consecutive cases of unilateral or bilateral complete nasal obstruction. In order to assess participants’ personality traits, both groups completed the Personality Belief Questionnaire, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory form, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory.ResultsThe groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics. Patients with unilateral or bilateral complete nasal obstruction had higher scores on all the psychological assessments compared with the healthy controls, except for the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Although all personality assessment scores were higher in patients, the only differences that were statistically significant were in the dependent, antisocial and avoidant personality trait scores.ConclusionThe psychological conditions of patients with structural deformities that cause nasal obstruction may be affected, and appropriate treatment should be provided to improve their symptoms and quality of life.
Rat lungworm survives winter: experimental overwintering of Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae in European slugs
Authors: Anettová Lucia , Šipková Anna , Izquierdo-Rodriguez Elena , Velič Vivienne , Modrý David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a metastrongyloid nematode that causes neurological disorders in its accidental hosts, including humans. This invasive pathogen is native to Southeast Asia and adjacent regions and is gradually expanding its distribution to tropical and subtropical areas with new foci discovered near temperate regions. The parasite has a complex life cycle with a range of gastropods serving as intermediate hosts. A broad spectrum of poikilotherm vertebrates and invertebrates can serve as paratenic hosts. Since it has already been demonstrated that other, non-zoonotic metastrongyloids can survive in their intermediate hosts during the winter, the aim of our study was to evaluate the survival of A. cantonensis third-stage larvae in experimentally infected slugs (Limax maximus) kept at 4.5–7°C for 60 days. Third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis survived the period of low temperature and remained capable of infecting definitive hosts (laboratory rats) afterwards, even though their numbers dropped significantly. These results suggest that further spread to higher latitudes or altitudes is possible in areas with sufficient abundance of definitive hosts, since low winter temperatures are not necessarily an obstacle to the spread of the parasite.