bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of facial redness by comparing VISIA and YLGTD
Authors: Ma Lei , Huang Xin , Qiu Yuanyuan , He Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundErythema, characterized by redness of the skin, is a common symptom in various facial skin conditions. Recent advancements in image processing and analysis techniques have led to the development of methods for analyzing and assessing skin texture. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the parameters of “You Look Good Today” (YLGTD) and VISIA in the detection and assessment of facial redness.Materials and MethodsThirty female subjects participated in this experiment, undergoing assessments using both YLGTD and VISIA. The subjects were evaluated for facial redness, and the feature count results within the red zone were measured by VISIA. YLGTD analyzed the number and percentage of red zone pixels. The assessments were conducted between [specific dates] in [location].ResultsThe results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the feature count results within the red zone measured by VISIA and the number of red zone pixels. Similarly, YLGTD exhibited a significant positive correlation with the number and percentage of red zone pixels.ConclusionIn conclusion, our findings suggest a correlation between YLGTD and VISIA in the measurement of facial erythema. YLGTD can serve as a portable device for primary screening assessments, offering a convenient and reliable method to evaluate facial redness. This research contributes to the development of non‐invasive techniques for assessing and monitoring facial skin conditions, providing valuable insights for dermatological diagnosis and cosmetic testing.
Quantification of circulating tumour cells over time in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma
Authors: Wright Tanya F. , Brisson Brigitte A. , Belanger Catherine R. , Tiessen Angela , Sabine Victoria , Skowronski Karolina , Wood Geoffrey A. , Oblak Michelle L. , Mutsaers Anthony J. , Sears William , Bienzle Dorothee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnumeration of circulating tumour cells (CTC) has shown promise for prognostication and guidance of therapeutic decisions in human cancers. The objective of this study was to enumerate CTC over time in dogs with naturally occurring osteosarcoma (OSA), and to determine correlation with patient outcome. Twenty‐six dogs with OSA and no evidence of metastatic disease at the time of amputation were enrolled. Dogs were assessed for lung metastases and CTC prior to and following amputation, and at each chemotherapy visit. Twenty‐one dogs completed the study. Nineteen dogs were euthanized and two were alive and free of metastases. Overall survival time ranged from 88 to 1058 days (median survival time (MST) 374 days). Increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity, advanced age, and higher body weight were significantly associated with lower MST. Dogs with OSA had a mean of 356 (0 to 4443) CTC/106leukocytes. In 12 of 15 dogs that developed radiographic evidence of metastasis, a pre‐metastatic CTC spike was retrospectively detectable on average 36.5 (1–100 days) days prior to metastasis and was associated with significantly shorter MST (301 ± 64 vs. 626 ± 55 days;p = .0107). In a multivariable analysis, dogs with a CTC spike were 10× more likely to die compared with those without. These results suggest that a spike in CTC frequency precedes detection of metastasis in dogs with OSA and is associated with shorter survival. More frequent enumeration of CTC in a larger cohort of dogs with OSA may be warranted.
Humeral intracondylar fissures and intracondylar sclerosis are common CT findings in the limb contralateral to a humeral condylar fracture in French bulldogs and spaniel breeds
Authors: Davenport Amy , Clements Dylan , Dancer Sumari 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFrench bulldogs (FBD) are reported to be at an increased risk of developing humeral condylar fractures (HCF). Spaniel breeds have been reported to be at increased risk of HCF due to a high prevalence of humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF), which can predispose to fracture. The aims of this retrospective, single center, observational study were twofold. First, to compare the signalment, fracture configuration, and etiology of populations of FBD and spaniel breeds presenting with HCF at a single hospital. Second, to evaluate the computed tomographic (CT) findings of the contralateral elbow joints of FBD and spaniel breeds presenting with HCF for concomitant pathology. FBDs were overrepresented for HCF, most commonly presenting when skeletally immature, with a median age of 3.7 months. Fractures of the lateral condyle were the most common configuration for both breed groups. Sclerosis at the fracture site was identified in 62% of FBD and 95% of spaniels undergoing CT scans. Humeral intracondylar fissures and intracondylar sclerosis were commonly observed in the contralateral elbows of FBD (44% and 50%, respectively) and spaniel breeds (58% and 95%, respectively). Medial coronoid pathology, elbow incongruency, and periarticular osteophytes were not identified in the contralateral elbows of FBD but were identified in 29%, 4%, and 20% of spaniels, respectively. The high prevalence of HIF in the FBD group may be a predisposing factor for HCF in this breed.
UK‐wide risk factor study of broiler carcases highly contaminated withCampylobacter
Authors: Smith R. P. , Lawes J. , Davies R. H. , Hutchison M. L. , Vidal A. , Gilson D. , Rodgers J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCampylobacteris a major cause of food poisoning and is typically the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the UK. Data collected at broiler farm and abattoir level, for slaughter batches that were sampled for UK‐wide monitoring, were used to generate two epidemiological risk factor models. A total of 483 batches slaughtered between January 2016 and March 2017 were used in the analysis, coming from 19 abattoirs representing more than 85% of UK broiler production. For each selected slaughter batch, one carcase was sampled after primary chilling and 10 randomly sampled birds had caecal samples collected at the evisceration point. Samples were used forCampylobacteridentification and quantification. Two multivariable mixed‐effects models were designed, one with the binary outcome for the detection of a highly contaminated (>1000 colony forming units (CFU)/g)Campylobacter‐positive carcase, whereas the other used theCampylobactercolony count (CFU/g) carcase outcome. The results suggest that caecal colonization within the batch was a key factor for the occurrence ofCampylobacteron carcases, and many factors that were identified in the model were also likely to be related to colonization or related to the risk of introduction ofCampylobacterfrom partial depopulation (referred to as thinning) of ~30% of the flock approximately 1 week before full flock depopulation events. The amount of neck skin in the sample was another key factor identified and was included in both models as a risk factor. The models have also identified other factors which may be related to the general health and husbandry on‐farm (use of prebiotics or vaccines, and identification of the product used for drinking line cleaning), whereas the other factors may identify control points related to transmission within a farm. The identification of these variables could help focus control efforts on‐farm, especially for relatively easy improvements, such as improving the provision of house‐specific bird‐weighing buckets/cages in houses.
Sand fly bionomics, geospatial investigation and risk factors associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis in district Mardan, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Khurshaid , Qadeer Mehreen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present investigation was designed in response to the 2019 outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in 34 villages of district Mardan, Pakistan. Sand flies were collected to study their bionomics, breeding sites, and seasonal prevalence from July to September 2019. In 2020, we acquired and digitized data on CL patients in the region to assess the possible spread of the disease to new foci. In the study period, a total of 1572 sand flies were collected, comprising 11 species. Phlebotomus sergenti (827, 52.61%) was the most widespread species. The soil pH in all samples was slightly alkaline (7–8.2) and potassium (K) was the richest component (59.4%). In 2020, there were 975 reported cases, which is an increase from 536 cases in 2019. Elevations of 361–588 m, agricultural land near human settlements, and quaternary alluvium formation had maximum CL cases. In univariate analysis, age between 25 and 35, nationality, family size (7–15 individuals), knowledge of leishmaniasis, site of infection, family members suffering from leishmaniasis, knowledge of sand flies, the difference between mosquitoes and sand flies, biting times of sand flies, use of mosquito spray, an Afghan refugee in the region, preachers visiting, and material of house construction have been identified risk of getting CL (p < 0.05). In stepwise multivariate analysis, nationality, vegetation, site of infection, and material of house construction were more prone to CL (p < 0.05). This study highlights the potential risk factors and sand flies associated with the outbreak of CL in Mardan. The high abundance of P. sergenti suggests their possible role as vectors for the transmission of CL in the region. The increase in reported cases in 2020 compared to 2019 suggests a possible spread of the disease to new foci. The study also revealed that certain demographic and environmental factors were significant risk factors for contracting CL in the district.
Measurement and Modeling of Transport Across the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Fan Hanwen , Cai Qi , Qin Zhenpeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic regulatory barrier at the interface of blood circulation and the brain parenchyma, which plays a critical role in protecting homeostasis in the central nervous system. However, it also significantly impedes drug delivery to the brain. Understanding the transport across BBB and brain distribution will facilitate the prediction of drug delivery efficiency and the development of new therapies. To date, various methods and models have been developed to study drug transport at the BBB interface, including in vivo brain uptake measurement methods, in vitro BBB models, and mathematic brain vascular models. Since the in vitro BBB models have been extensively reviewed elsewhere, we provide a comprehensive summary of the brain transport mechanisms and the currently available in vivo methods and mathematic models in studying the molecule delivery process at the BBB interface. In particular, we reviewed the emerging in vivo imaging techniques in observing drug transport across the BBB. We discussed the advantages and disadvantages associated with each model to serve as a guide for model selection in studying drug transport across the BBB. In summary, we envision future directions to improve the accuracy of mathematical models, establish noninvasive in vivo measurement techniques, and bridge the preclinical studies with clinical translation by taking the altered BBB physiological conditions into consideration. We believe these are critical in guiding new drug development and precise drug administration in brain disease treatment.
Experimental Research on Flow Instability Mechanism of a Highly Loaded Axial Compressor
Authors: Huang Song , Han Ge , Yang Chengwu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The performance and stable operating range of compressors are critical for the efficient operation of various turbomachinery systems. To reveal the flow instability mechanism of a high-speed and high-loaded compressor, a systematic experimental study on a 1.5-stage high-loaded compressor was conducted in this paper. First, the aerodynamic design and aerodynamic performance evaluation of the compressor were carried out. At 100% corrected speed, the measured choked flowrate, peak efficiency, and stall margin were 4.59 kg/s, 87.1% and 17.5%, respectively. Second, the flow instability mechanism of the highly loaded compressor at different corrected speeds was clarified through the experiments. At 50% corrected speed, the compressor rotor developed from a spike-wave stall precursor to a rotating stall; at 70% corrected speed, the compressor developed directly from a spike-wave precursor to surge; at 90% corrected speed, the compressor has undergone the process of modal wave precursor, spike-wave precursor, and surge. Further, at 70% and 90% corrected speed, a classic surge occurred with surge frequencies of 11.91 Hz and 9.59 Hz, respectively. Through the analysis of short-time power spectrum maximum amplitude, the warning time for the surge was 6.7 ms and 15.6 ms, respectively. Finally, as the compressor throttles to stall/surge conditions, the degree of fluctuation of the autocorrelation coefficient and cross-correlation coefficient increases.
Simulated Increase in Monoarticular Hip Muscle Strength Reduces the First Peak of Knee Compression Forces During Walking
Authors: Jolas Elisa , Simonsen Morten Bilde , Andersen Michael Skipper 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Reducing compressive knee contact forces (KCF) during walking could slow the progression and reduce symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. A previous study has shown that compensating for the hip flexion/extension moment could reduce the KCF peak occurring during early stance (KCFp1). Therefore, this study aimed to identify if monoarticular hip muscle could allow this compensation while considering different walking strategies. Gait trials from 24 healthy participants were used to make musculoskeletal models, and five load-cases were examined: (I) Normal, (II) with an applied external moment compensating for 100% of the hip flexion/extension moment, and (III–V) three conditions with isolated/combined 30% increase of peak isometric strength of gluteus medius and maximus. Knee contact forces, hip muscle forces, and joint moments were computed. A cluster analysis of the Normal condition was performed with hip and knee flexion/extension moment during KCFp1 as input to examine the influence of different walking strategies. The cluster analysis revealed two groups having significantly different hip and knee moments in early-stance (p &lt; 0.01). The reduction in KCFp1 from the Normal condition, although present in both groups, was greater for the group with the highest hip and lowest knee flexion/extension moments for all conditions tested (II: –21.82 ± 8.71% versus –6.03 ± 6.68%, III: –3.21 ± 1.09% versus –1.59 ± 0.96%, IV: –3.00 ± 0.89% versus –1.76 ± 1.04%, V: –6.12 ± 1.69 versus –3.09 ± 1.95%). This reduction in KCFp1 occurred through a shift in force developed by the hamstrings during walking (biarticular) to the gluteus medius and maximus (monoarticular), whose isometric strength was increased. The differences between the groups suggest that this reduction depends on the walking strategy.
Combustion and Evaporation of Deformable Fuel Droplets
Authors: Setiya Meha , Palmore Jr. John 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study focuses on combustion and evaporation of an isolated freely deforming fuel droplet under convective flow. The droplet shape is modified by varying Weber number at moderate Reynolds numbers. A simplified chemical reaction mechanism is used for combustion modeling. The Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) results show a net positive effect of Weber number on total evaporation rate (m˙) for both pure evaporation and combustion cases. The enhancement in m˙ for higher Weber number reaches up to 9% for combustion. A nonspherical envelope flame is observed which grows with time. The Damköhler number is higher than 1 for this flame type which leads to faster reaction rates in comparison to evaporation. Hence, the combustion process is seen to be unaffected by droplet shape. An additional comparison between 3-D and 2-D combustion results is performed to understand if 2-D studies can reflect the right physical aspects of this problem. It is found that local evaporation flux in 2-D is 42.5% lower due to lower temperature gradients near the droplet surface for the same inflow velocity. The deformation of droplet is significantly different in 2-D which affects the boundary layer development and the wake flow. This is seen to affect the flame shape at the downstream of droplet. Hence, the 2-D simulations do not recover the correct behaviors.
Selection of Electrode Material for Inconel 617/P92 Steel SMAW Dissimilar Welds
Authors: Kumar Amit , Pandey Shailesh Mani , Bhattacharyya Abir , Fydrych Dariusz , Sirohi Sachin , Pandey Chandan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present work aimed to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar shielded metal arc welded (SMAW) joint of Alloy 617 and P92 steel for advanced ultrasupercritical boilers. The SMAW joint was produced using three different types of electrodes, namely, ENiCrFe-3, ENiCrMo-3, and ENiCrCoMo-1. During microstructural observation of the welded joints, no possible cracking was detected in the weldments. The dissimilar metal welds (DMWs) obtained using the ENiCrCoMo-1 electrode showed the maximum tensile strength, while the minimum was obtained for the ENiCrFe-3 electrode. Among all the electrodes, the ENiCrFe-3 electrode exhibited the maximum impact toughness, while the minimum was obtained for ENiCrCoMo-1 electrodes. Based on microstructure and mechanical characterization, the ENiCrFe-3 electrode was selected as the best one among all to produce the DMW of Alloy 617 and P92 steel.
Effect of Niobium on Sintering Process of Gamma Phase Uranium Alloys Fuel Pellets
Authors: Hou Keke , Yan Chao , Wang Peng , Cao Changqing , Lin Jun , Cui Yanguang , Lu Junqiang , Zhu Libing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As a candidate material for metallic fuel, U-Mo metal fuel pellets are the most promising. U-Mo and U-Mo-Nb alloy pellets with a certain porosity were successfully prepared by the process of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation—compression molding—argon liquid-phase sintering. In order to study the effect of Nb addition on γ phase uranium alloy fuel pellets, microstructure and thermophysical properties of the samples were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements. Results showed that with the increase of Nb content in the pellets from the nonadd to micro-adding, Nb can facilitate the diffusion of Mo into the U matrix, resulting in the formation of a metastable γ-U phase. Meanwhile, during the same liquid phase sintering process of U-Mo fuel pellets, with the increase of Nb content, the number of secondary phases in U-Mo fuel pellets gradually decreased, while the size and number of voids of the secondary phases decreased. The specific heat capacity and thermal diffusivity of porous γ phase uranium alloys fuel pellets with different density were measured and thermal conductivity from 100 °C to 600 °C were calculated according to the experiment results. It is suggested that the thermal conductivity will increase with the density of pellets increasing.
Study on Performance of New Flexible Shielding Materials and First Demonstration Application in Chinese Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Yulong Li , Feng Liu , Xiajie Liu , Li Li , Zheng Kang , Ye He 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Excessive gamma rays will be emitted when a nuclear power plant is under overhaul, leading to a certain number of hotspots. To meet the shielding requirements of these hotspots, a new type of flexible shielding material with a “sandwich structure” has been developed. The new flexible shielding materials consist of two parts: one is silicone rubber with excellent physical and chemical properties by adding reasonable multicomponent additives as a matrix, and the other is lead powder as a shielding body. This kind of material, with lead powder dispersed uniformly in silicone rubber, was prepared through a mixing process. Based on this, the article has carried on the discussion with the performance of the functional layer of the new flexible shielding materials. The problem of the process stability of ultrafine powder distributed uniformly in a matrix with various densities among different regions has been solved as well. Furthermore, this kind of material has been adopted at the Chinese pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant as the first demonstration project. The site shielding effect has been recognized by the World Association of Nuclear Operators. As a result of this research, it is possible that the design of a radiation shield for a short or long time can be made quickly when a nuclear power plant is running or being overhauled. Meanwhile, this study is of great significance for the popularization and application of shielding materials.
Leveraging the human microbiota to target bacterial respiratory pathogens: new paths toward an expanded antimicrobial armamentarium
Authors: Hurst Jillian H. , Kelly Matthew S. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Acute respiratory infections are the most frequent infections across the lifespan and are the leading infectious cause of death among children globally. Bacterial respiratory infections are routinely treated with antibiotics, nearly all of which are derived from microbial natural products. Unfortunately, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an increasingly frequent cause of respiratory infections, and there are few new antibiotics in development that target these pathogens. In the article by Stubbendieck et al., the authors identified
Rothia
species that demonstrate
in vitro
and
ex vivo
growth inhibition of the respiratory pathobiont
Moraxella catarrhalis
. The authors present experiments suggesting that this activity is mediated at least in part through the secretion of a novel peptidoglycan endopeptidase that targets the
M. catarrhalis
cell wall. In this commentary, we discuss these findings in the context of the urgent threat of antimicrobial resistance and highlight the promise of the human respiratory microbiota as a source of novel biotherapeutics.
Complete and Draft Genome Sequences of 52
Bacillus
and
Priestia
Strains Isolated from West African Fermentations and 26 Reference Strains from a Public Culture Collection
Authors: Wiedenbein Emma Schack , Canoy Tessa Suzanne , Hui Yan , Parkouda Charles , Compaoré Clarisse S. , Ametefe Elmer , Jakobsen Mogens , Jespersen Lene , Nielsen Dennis Sandris 
Published: June 2023

The whole genomes of 78
Bacillus
and
Priestia
strains isolated from West African fermented foods (
n
= 52) or acquired from a public culture collection (
n
= 26) were sequenced using long-read sequencing and assembled into draft (
n
= 32) and complete (
n
= 46) genomes, allowing comparative genomics and taxonomic assignment of these strains with putative uses in fermented foods.