bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Quality Genomes of Pangolins: Insights into the Molecular Basis of Scale Formation and Adaption to Myrmecophagous Diet
Authors: Yan Dingyu , Luo Xier , Tang Jiabin , Xu Shanghua , Huang Kongwei , Wang Xiaobo , Feng Tong , Que Tengcheng , Jia Miaomiao , Guo Xiaobing , Rehman Saif ur , Li Zhipeng , Yang Yufeng , Li Kaixiang , Cui Kuiqing , Ruan Jue , Liu Qingyou 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPangolins are one of nature's most fascinating species being scales covered and myrmecophagous diet, yet relatively little is known about the molecular basis. Here, we combine the multi-omics, evolution, and fundamental proteins feature analysis of both Chinese and Malayan pangolins, highlighting the molecular mechanism of both myrmecophagous diet and scale formation, representing a fascinating evolutionary strategy to occupy the unique ecological niches. In contrast to conserved organization of epidermal differentiation complex, pangolin has undergone large scale variation and gene loss events causing expression pattern and function conversion that contribute to cornified epithelium structures on stomach to adapt myrmecophagous diet. Our assemblies also enable us to discover large copies number of high glycine-tyrosine keratin–associated proteins (HGT-KRTAPs). In addition, highly homogenized tandem array, amino content, and the specific expression pattern further validate the strong connection between the molecular mechanism of scale hardness and HGT-KRTAPs.
Independent Evolution of Sex Chromosomes and Male Pregnancy–Related Genes in Two Seahorse Species
Authors: Long Xin , Charlesworth Deborah , Qi Jianfei , Wu Ruiqiong , Chen Meiling , Wang Zongji , Xu Luohao , Fu Honggao , Zhang Xueping , Chen Xinxin , He Libin , Zheng Leyun , Huang Zhen , Zhou Qi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Unlike birds and mammals, many teleosts have homomorphic sex chromosomes, and changes in the chromosome carrying the sex-determining locus, termed “turnovers”, are common. Recent turnovers allow studies of several interesting questions. One question is whether the new sex-determining regions evolve to become completely non-recombining, and if so, how and why. Another is whether (as predicted) evolutionary changes that benefit one sex accumulate in the newly sex-linked region. To study these questions, we analyzed the genome sequences of two seahorse species of the Syngnathidae, a fish group in which many species evolved a unique structure, the male brood pouch. We find that both seahorse species have XY sex chromosome systems, but their sex chromosome pairs are not homologs, implying that at least one turnover event has occurred. The Y-linked regions occupy 63.9% and 95.1% of the entire sex chromosome of the two species and do not exhibit extensive sequence divergence with their X-linked homologs. We find evidence for occasional recombination between the extant sex chromosomes that may account for their homomorphism. We argue that these Y-linked regions did not evolve by recombination suppression after the turnover, but by the ancestral nature of the low crossover rates in these chromosome regions. With such an ancestral crossover landscape, a turnover can instantly create an extensive Y-linked region. Finally, we test for adaptive evolution of male pouch–related genes after they became Y-linked in the seahorse.
Music Therapists’ Experiences of Therapeutic Relationships with Clients with Marginalized Gender Identities and Sexual Orientations
Authors: Biedka Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This phenomenological inquiry investigated the ways in which music therapists perceive and discuss their music therapy relationships (MTRs) with people with marginalized gender identities and sexual orientations. Five participants completed semi-structured interviews that were transcribed and analyzed with reflexive emphasis on member checking and data triangulation. First-level analysis utilized values coding and second-level analysis refined values themes to distill individual participant essences (Saldaña, 2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE). Subsequent horizontalization across participants was then used to discern collective participant essences (Saldaña, 2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE). Critical feminist, queer, disability, anti-oppressive, and humanist theory lenses shaped the foundation and perception of the project with particular attention to intersectionality, intersubjectivity, and power dynamics in relationships. Findings included commentary on MT/client identities and balance in relationships; contextual influences on MT processes; necessity of cultural humility (CH) and cultural sustainability (CS) and respect for identity complexity; and the role of implicit/explicit communication in MTRs. Crucially, participants and the researcher endorse a non-clinical view of people with marginalized gender identities and sexual orientations, and the researcher urges introspection regarding identity, supervision, and the space that MTs and clients occupy within the MTR construct. Discussion, recommendations for future research and applications to MT theory, research, and practice are provided.
Trends in US E-cigarette Sales and Prices by Nicotine Strength, Overall and by Product and Flavor Type, 2017–2022
Authors: Ali Fatma Romeh M , Seaman Elizabeth L , Crane Elisha , Schillo Barbara , King Brian A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe e-cigarette market has expanded considerably in recent years, resulting in changes in availability and use of e-cigarettes with varying characteristics.Aims and MethodsThis study assessed trends in sales and prices of e-cigarettes by nicotine strength level, including by product type and flavor, during January 2017–March 2022. US e-cigarette retail sales data were licensed from IRI company. Nicotine strength was categorized as: &lt;1%; 1% to &lt;2%; 2% to &lt;3%; 3% to &lt;4%; 4% to &lt;5%; ≥5%. E-cigarette flavors were categorized as tobacco, menthol, mint, or other flavors. Product type was categorized as prefilled cartridge devices, disposable devices, or e-liquid bottles. Trend analyses were performed using Joinpoint Regression.ResultsDuring January 2017–March 2022, the unit share of products containing ≥5% nicotine strength increased by 1486.3%, while the dollar share increased by 1345.5%. By March 2022, 80.9% of total unit sales were composed of products containing ≥5% nicotine strength. By flavor, the percentage of units sold with ≥5% nicotine strength was 61.3% of tobacco-flavor sales, 79.3% of menthol sales, 87.4% of mint sales, and 96.1% of other flavor sales. By product type, the percentage of units sold with ≥5% nicotine strength was 90.6% of disposable e-cigarette sales and 74.2% of prefilled cartridge sales. During January 2017–March 2022, the price of low-nicotine strength e-cigarettes increased, while the price of high-nicotine products either decreased or did not change.ConclusionsSales of high nicotine-strength e-cigarettes have dominated the US e-cigarette market. Limiting the nicotine strength of e-cigarettes could be considered as part of a comprehensive tobacco control strategy to reduce youth access to and use of these products.ImplicationsThe findings from this study indicate that previously reported increases in e-cigarette nicotine strength during 2013–2018 have continued through 2022. The US e-cigarette market sales continue to be dominated by relatively high-nicotine products. Strategies to address factors that make these products, particularly appealing to youth, including flavors and product innovations, are critical. Such strategies are important—as part of a comprehensive approach alongside other evidence-based population-level actions—to address youth e-cigarette use. Importantly, actions to reduce e-cigarette use among youth are not mutually exclusive from actions to maximize the potential benefits of e-cigarettes for increasing smoking cessation among adults.
Can the Future of ID Escape the Inertial Dogma of Its Past? The Exemplars of Shorter Is Better and Oral Is the New IV
Authors: Davar Kusha , Clark Devin , Centor Robert M , Dominguez Fernando , Ghanem Bassam , Lee Rachael , Lee Todd C , McDonald Emily G , Phillips Matthew C , Sendi Parham , Spellberg Brad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Like all fields of medicine, Infectious Diseases is rife with dogma that underpins much clinical practice. In this study, we discuss 2 specific examples of historical practice that have been overturned recently by numerous prospective studies: traditional durations of antimicrobial therapy and the necessity of intravenous (IV)-only therapy for specific infectious syndromes. These dogmas are based on uncontrolled case series from &gt;50 years ago, amplified by the opinions of eminent experts. In contrast, more than 120 modern, randomized controlled trials have established that shorter durations of therapy are equally effective for many infections. Furthermore, 21 concordant randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that oral antibiotic therapy is at least as effective as IV-only therapy for osteomyelitis, bacteremia, and endocarditis. Nevertheless, practitioners in many clinical settings remain refractory to adopting these changes. It is time for Infectious Diseases to move beyond its history of eminent opinion-based medicine and truly into the era of evidenced-based medicine.
Janus kinase inhibitors alter NK cell phenotypes and inhibit their antitumour capacity
Authors: Meudec Loïc , Richebé Pauline , Pascaud Juliette , Mariette Xavier , Nocturne Gaetane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are efficacious in RA but concerns regarding the risk of cancer associated with their exposure have recently emerged. Given the role of NK cells in antitumour response, we investigated the impact of JAKi [tofacitinib (TOFA), baricitinib (BARI), upadacitinib (UPA) and filgotinib (FIL)] on NK cells.

Methods
We first performed an ex vivo phenotype of NK cells in RA patients treated with TOFA, BARI or MTX. We next phenotyped sorted NK cells from healthy donors cultured with four JAKi or dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) at three concentrations, including the licensed dose (therapeutic concentration). Third, we assessed NK cell function using anti-NKp30 cross-linking and co-cultures with two different tumour cell lines: A549 and SU-DHL-4.

Results
Twenty-eight RA patients were included. Patients treated with TOFA had reduced expression of CD69 on NK cells compared with MTX (P &lt; 0.05). We confirmed in vitro the negative impact of JAKi on NK cell maturation (CD57), activation (CD69) and activating receptor (NKp30), these latter two being specifically altered with TOFA and UPA. When NK cells were stimulated by NKp30, we observed reduced CD107a (P &lt; 0.01) and IFN-γ/TNF expression (P &lt; 0.05) with TOFA. Lastly, NK cells exposed to TOFA showed reduced CD107a (P &lt; 0.05) and altered cytotoxicity (P &lt; 0.05) when co-cultured with the two cell lines.

Conclusion
JAKi have a phenotypic and functional impact on NK cell activation and impair their antitumour activity, with a variable impact depending on the JAKi. It remains an open question whether this mechanism can explain the increased tumour risk observed with TOFA.
APPLICATION OF CT PULMONARY ANGIOGRAPHY WITH “ULTRA-DOUBLE-LOW” AND ITERATIVE MODEL RECONSTRUCTION FOR ACUTE PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: Bai Jiayuan , Zhang Wanjun , Zhang Wei , Zhang Bo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study is to investigate the feasibility of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) with iterative model reconstruction (IMR) and “Ultra-double-low” (Ultra-low dose, Ultra-low contrast agent volume). Thirty-six patients who tested positive for pulmonary embolism in CTPA were enrolled in the study. Another CTPA was performed 1 week after thrombolytic therapy. The first examination was routine CTPA (Routine Group) with the parameters as follows: automatic mA scanning, 120 kV and image reconstruction by using iDose4 iterative reconstruction (Lever 4), iodine concentration and dose of contrast agent: 300 mgI/ml and 0.5 gI/kg, respectively. The latter one was ultra-low dose CTPA examination (Ultra-low Group): 40 mAs, 80 kV and IMR (Lever 3), contrast agent: 300 mgI/ml and 15 mL, respectively. Effective dose (ED), CT dose index volume (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP), attenuation of pulmonary artery, contrast noise ratio (CNR) and signal noise ratio (SNR) were recorded and calculated. The imaging qualities were subjectively assessed. The Eds/CTDIvols/DLPs of Ultra-low Group are lower than the Routine Group (P &lt; 0.05). The differences in attenuation between the two groups are not significant (P &gt; 0.05). The differences in CNR and SNR between the two groups are significant (P &lt; 0.05). The differences in imaging qualities between the two groups when subjectively assessed are not significant (P &gt; 0.05). The 256-slice spiral CT combined with IMR and “Ultra-double-low” is feasible for the acute pulmonary embolism examination and the radiation dose and the volume of contrast agent can be greatly reduced.
Linking Ecological Specialization to Its Macroevolutionary Consequences: An Example with Passerine Nest Type
Authors: Zenil-Ferguson Rosana , McEntee Jay P , Burleigh J Gordon , Duckworth Renée A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA long-standing hypothesis in evolutionary biology is that the evolution of resource specialization can lead to an evolutionary dead end, where specialists have low diversification rates and limited ability to evolve into generalists. In recent years, advances in comparative methods investigating trait-based differences associated with diversification have enabled more robust tests of this idea and have found mixed support. We test the evolutionary dead end hypothesis by estimating net diversification rate differences associated with nest-type specialization among 3224 species of passerine birds. In particular, we test whether the adoption of hole-nesting, a nest-type specialization that decreases predation, results in reduced diversification rates relative to nesting outside of holes. Further, we examine whether evolutionary transitions to the specialist hole-nesting state have been more frequent than transitions out of hole-nesting. Using diversification models that accounted for background rate heterogeneity and different extinction rate scenarios, we found that hole-nesting specialization was not associated with diversification rate differences. Furthermore, contrary to the assumption that specialists rarely evolve into generalists, we found that transitions out of hole-nesting occur more frequently than transitions into hole-nesting. These results suggest that interspecific competition may limit adoption of hole-nesting, but that such competition does not result in limited diversification of hole-nesters. In conjunction with other recent studies using robust comparative methods, our results add to growing evidence that evolutionary dead ends are not a typical outcome of resource specialization. [Cavity nesting; diversification; hidden-state models; passerines; resource specialization.]
Covid-period-associated changes in organism profile of neonatal sepsis in a tertiary center from East India
Authors: Mukherjee Mausumi , Poddar Sumon , Mukherjee Amrita , Bathia Jigna N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality with a higher burden from the low- and middle-income countries. The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid 19) pandemic has impacted healthcare in various ways including healthcare-associated infections (HAI). The objective of the present study was to determine changes in organism profile and incidence rates of HAI in neonates admitted to the index hospital during the pandemic and compared it with the data from the pre-pandemic period.

Materials and methods
The study design was a retrospective, observational analysis of data from neonates with culture-positive sepsis, in a tertiary care children’s hospital, between January 2018 and December 2021. Pre-Covid (January 2018 to December 2019) and Covid period data (January 2020 to December 2021) were analyzed for the significance of change.

Results
The prevalence of culture-positive sepsis, in pre-Covid and Covid periods, was 19.55% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 17.13–21.52)] and 18.36% (CI 16.05–20.74), respectively. HAI rates/1000 patient days increased slightly during the Covid pandemic [7.2% (95% CI 6.98–10.08) to 9.8% (95% CI 9.78–13.67)] mainly due to an increase in fungal HAI (26% pre- vs. 41.5% Covid period). However, the proportion of Gram-negative (GN) infections fell significantly (70.5% vs. 48.6%) during the same period. In the pre-Covid period, Klebsiella followed by Burkholderia cepacia, Acinetobacter spp and Pseudomonas, were the major HAI isolates. During the Covid period, there was a decline in these isolates and Burkholderia spp was not detected. All fungal isolates were Candida species. The case fatality ratio (CFR) from HAI decreased significantly from 38% to 15.45%, mainly due to a decrease in GN HAI.

Conclusion
During Covid pandemic, there was a significant decline in GN HAI and CFR from HAI, due to improved compliance with infection control measures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). At the same time, there was a rise in the fungal HAI, possibly because of a higher proportion of premature, and sick neonates with longer hospital stay and more invasive procedures. Consolidations of gains in infection control and restriction of invasive procedures could help to minimize HAI in NICUs.
Bovine milk-based and human milk-based fortification for postnatal weight gain in very preterm neonates—a cohort study
Authors: Senthilkumaran Ravikumar , Devi Usha , Amboiram Prakash , Balakrishnan Umamaheswari 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Postnatal growth failure happens in about half of the very low birth weight infants and this can have long-term consequences. Human milk-based multi-nutrient fortifiers (HMBF) are thought to be better tolerated than bovine milk-based multi-nutrient fortifiers (BMBF), thus facilitating early progression to full feeds and improved growth in preterm neonates. This study was done to find the advantage of HMBF over BMBF on postnatal growth and other clinical outcomes.

METHODS
This is a retrospective cohort study where babies &lt;1500 g birth weight or gestational age &lt;32 weeks were included to compare the velocity of weight gain (g/kg/day), duration of hospital stay and clinical outcomes between fortification using HMBF and BMBF till 34 weeks postmenstrual age.

RESULTS
Eligible neonates included in the study were 322, out of whom 123 (37%) received HMBF and 209 (63%) received BMBF. During the stay, 18 babies were changed from BMBF to HMBF and vice versa in 24 babies due to logistic reasons and parents' preferences. The mean birth weight of the babies was 1124 ± 237 g. Weight gain was higher in the exclusive HMBF group [mean difference 0.77 (0.14, 1.39) g/kg/day; p-value = 0.018]. Feed intolerance [odds ratio (OR) 0.45 (0.22, 0.95), p-value 0.037] was also significantly less in this group. However, other morbidities did not differ significantly between the groups.

CONCLUSION
Higher weight gain and lower feed intolerance in the HMBF group underscores the possible advantage of using HMBF over BMBF. Larger prospective studies might bring out its effect on the duration of hospital stay and other morbidities.
Barriers to and Facilitators of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Findlen Ursula M. , Davenport Carrie A. , Cadieux Jamie , Gehred Alison , Frush Holt Rachael , Vaughn Lisa M. , Houston Derek , Hunter Lisa L. 
Published: December 2022

Objectives:
Early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) is guided by the 1-3-6 approach: screening by one month, diagnosis by 3 mo, and early intervention (EI) enrollment by 6 mo. Although screening rates remain high, successful diagnosis and EI–enrollment lag in comparison. The aim of this systematic review is to critically examine and synthesize the barriers to and facilitators of EHDI that exist for families, as they navigate the journey of congenital hearing loss diagnosis and management in the United States. Understanding barriers across each and all stages is necessary for EHDI stakeholders to develop and test novel approaches which will effectively reduce barriers to early hearing healthcare.

Design:
A systematic literature search was completed in May and August 2021 for empirical articles focusing on screening, diagnosis, and EI of children with hearing loss. Two independent reviewers completed title and abstract screening, full-text review, data extraction, and quality assessments with a third independent reviewer establishing consensus at each stage. Data synthesis was completed using the Framework Analysis approach to categorize articles into EHDI journey timepoints and individual/family-level factors versus system-level factors.

Results:
Sixty-two studies were included in the narrative synthesis. Results revealed that both individual/family-level (e.g., economic stability, medical status of the infant including middle ear involvement) and system-level barriers (e.g., system-service capacity, provider knowledge, and program quality) hinder timely diagnosis and EI for congenital hearing loss. Specific social determinants of health were noted as barriers to effective EHDI; however, system-level facilitators such as care coordination, colocation of services, and family support programs have been shown to mitigate the negative impact of those sociodemographic factors.

Conclusions:
Many barriers exist for families to obtain appropriate and timely EHDI for their children, but system-level changes could facilitate the process and contribute to long-term outcomes improvement. Limitations of this study include limited generalizability due to the heterogeneity of EHDI programs and an inability to ascertain factor interactions.
Predictors of Resistance to Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales
Authors: Park Tae Eun , Cani Eris , Kelly Paul , Raymond Lendelle , Roy Banibrata , Zeana Cosmina , Menon Anupama 
Published: December 2022

Background
Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) is a safe and effective treatment option for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). However, predictors of resistance to CAZ-AVI have not been well defined. Therefore, our study describes risk factors for resistance to CAZ-AVI in hospitalized patients with CRE infections.

Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study conducted at an urban community hospital including adults older than 18 years with at least 1 culture growing CRE.

Results
Among 36 adults who had at least 1 CRE culture, 30 had a CRE isolate that was susceptible to CAZ-AVI, and 6 had resistant isolates. Previous CAZ-AVI use was significantly associated with an increased risk of resistance to CAZ-AVI (odds ratio, 17.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.157–255.688; P = 0.039). When 30-day, all-cause mortality was assessed based on susceptibility to CAZ-AVI, it was 36.7% (n = 11 of 30) and 50% (n = 3 of 6) in susceptible and resistant groups, respectively (P = 0.658). When it was based on the type of antibiotic therapy, it was 36.8% (n = 7 of 19) for the patients on CAZ-AVI and 41.2% (n = 7 of 17) on other antibiotic therapy (n = 0.791).

Conclusions
Emergence of resistance to CAZ-AVI is an evolving problem for patients with prolonged hospitalization in large urban hospital settings and is associated with prior receipt of CAZ-AVI. Further studies are warranted to confirm our data and assess for additional predictors of CAZ-AVI resistance.