bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of duplex stainless steel weldment using novel electrodes
Authors: Omiogbemi Ibrahim Momoh-Bello , Yawas Danjuma Saleh , Das Atanu , Afolayan Matthew Olatunde , Dauda Emmanuel Toi , Kumar Roshan , Gorja Sudhakar Rao , Chowdhury Sandip Ghosh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMechanical and corrosion properties of welded duplex stainless steel (DSS) structures are of paramount consideration in many engineering applications. The current research investigates the mechanical properties and corrosion integrity of duplex stainless-steel weldment in a simulated 3.5% NaCl environment using specially developed novel electrodes without the addition of alloying elements to the flux samples. Two different types of fluxes having basicity indexes of 2.40 and 0.40 were used to coat E1 and E2 electrodes respectively for DSS plate welding. The thermal stability of the formulated flux was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis. The chemical composition, using optical emission spectroscopy, and the mechanical and corrosion properties of the welded joints were evaluated as per different ASTM standards. X-ray diffraction was used to find out the phases present in the DSS welded joints while a scanning electron equipped with EDS was used for microstructural examination of the weldments. The ultimate tensile strength of welded joints made using the E1 electrode was in the range of 715–732 MPa and that of the E2 electrode was found to be 606–687 MPa. The hardness was increased with increased welding current from 90 to 110 A. The welded joint with E1 electrode coated with basic flux has better mechanical properties. The steel structure in 3.5% NaCl environment possesses substantial resistance to corrosion attack. This validates the performance of the welded joints made by the newly developed electrode. The results are discussed on the basis of the depletion of alloying elements such as Cr and Mo observed from the weldments with the coated electrodes E1 and E2 as well as precipitation of the Cr2N in the welded joints made by E1 and E2 electrodes.
The interaction effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and dispatcher CPR on outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Sohn Youdong , Cho Gyu Chong , Cho Youngsuk 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR) on outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We conducted a prospective observational study using the Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium registry database and enrolled adults aged > 20 years who sustained OHCA. The study population comprised 13,864 patients from October 1, 2015, to June 30, 2021. All enrolled patients were transported to the emergency room and resuscitated by the emergency medical personnel. Patients with terminal illnesses, pregnancy, “do not resuscitate” cards, and insufficient recorded information were excluded. Good neurologic outcomes were noted in 6.5%, 9.9%, and 9.6% of patients in the “no bystander”, “standard bystander”, and “compression-only bystander” CPR groups, respectively, and differed significantly (p < 0.001). Survival to discharge differed significantly (p < 0.001) between groups at 10.8%, 13.1%, and 13.2%, respectively. In a multivariable model, the interaction between “compression-only” and DA-CPR showed a positive effect on good neurological outcomes and survival to discharge with an odds ratio of 1.93 (Confidence interval, CI 1.28–2.91, p = 0.002) and 1.74 (CI 1.24–2.44, p = 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, the interaction between compression-only CPR and DA-CPR is significantly associated with good neurological and survival outcomes after OHCA. Education for bystanders and dispatchers should adhere to the current guidelines to improve outcomes among OHCA victims.
Drug sensitivity profiling of 3D tumor tissue cultures in the pediatric precision oncology program INFORM
Authors: Peterziel Heike , Jamaladdin Nora , ElHarouni Dina , Gerloff Xenia F. , Herter Sonja , Fiesel Petra , Berker Yannick , Blattner-Johnson Mirjam , Schramm Kathrin , Jones Barbara C. , Reuss David , Turunen Laura , Friedenauer Aileen , Holland-Letz Tim , Sill Martin , Weiser Lena , Previti Christopher , Balasubramanian Gnanaprakash , Gerber Nicolas U. , Gojo Johannes , Hutter Caroline , Øra Ingrid , Lohi Olli , Kattamis Antonis , de Wilde Bram , Westermann Frank , Tippelt Stephan , Graf Norbert , Nathrath Michaela , Sparber-Sauer Monika , Sehested Astrid , Kramm Christof M. , Dirksen Uta , Kallioniemi Olli , Pfister Stefan M. , van Tilburg Cornelis M. , Jones David T. W. , Saarela Jani , Pietiäinen Vilja , Jäger Natalie , Schlesner Matthias , Kopp-Schneider Annette , Oppermann Sina , Milde Till , Witt Olaf , Oehme Ina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe international precision oncology program INFORM enrolls relapsed/refractory pediatric cancer patients for comprehensive molecular analysis. We report a two-year pilot study implementing ex vivo drug sensitivity profiling (DSP) using a library of 75–78 clinically relevant drugs. We included 132 viable tumor samples from 35 pediatric oncology centers in seven countries. DSP was conducted on multicellular fresh tumor tissue spheroid cultures in 384-well plates with an overall mean processing time of three weeks. In 89 cases (67%), sufficient viable tissue was received; 69 (78%) passed internal quality controls. The DSP results matched the identified molecular targets, including BRAF, ALK, MET, and TP53 status. Drug vulnerabilities were identified in 80% of cases lacking actionable (very) high-evidence molecular events, adding value to the molecular data. Striking parallels between clinical courses and the DSP results were observed in selected patients. Overall, DSP in clinical real-time is feasible in international multicenter precision oncology programs.
A standalone incompatible insect technique enables mosquito suppression in the urban subtropics
Authors: Zeng Qin , She Lingzhi , Yuan Hao , Luo Yuying , Wang Renke , Mao Wei , Wang Weifeng , She Yueting , Wang Chaojun , Shi Mengyi , Cao Ting , Gan Renxian , Li Yongjun , Zhou Jiayi , Qian Wei , Hu Shixiong , Wang Yong , Zheng Xiaoying , Li Kuibiao , Bai Lianyang , Pan Xiaoling , Xi Zhiyong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe strong suppression of Aedes albopictus on two Guangzhou islands in China has been successfully achieved by releasing males with an artificial triple-Wolbachia infection. However, it requires the use of radiation to sterilize residual females to prevent population replacement. To develop a highly effective tool for dengue control, we tested a standalone incompatible insect technique (IIT) to control A. albopictus in the urban area of Changsha, an inland city where dengue recently emerged. Male mosquitoes were produced in a mass rearing facility in Guangzhou and transported over 670 km under low temperature to the release site. After a once-per-week release with high numbers of males (phase I) and a subsequent twice-per-week release with low numbers of males (phase II), the average numbers of hatched eggs and female adults collected weekly per trap were reduced by 97% and 85%, respectively. The population suppression caused a 94% decrease in mosquito biting at the release site compared to the control site. Remarkably, this strong suppression was achieved using only 28% of the number of males released in a previous trial. Despite the lack of irradiation to sterilize residual females, no triple-infected mosquitoes were detected in the field post release based on the monitoring of adult and larval A. albopictus populations for two years, indicating that population replacement was prevented. Our results support the feasibility of implementing a standalone IIT for dengue control in urban areas.
One-pot synthesis of cyclic-aminotropiminium carboxylate derivatives with DNA binding and anticancer properties
Authors: Palai Bibhuti Bhusana , Patel Saket Awadhesbhai , Sharma Nagendra K. , Dixit Manjusha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTropolone, a nonbenzenoid aromatic molecule, is a constituent of troponoid natural products possessing a wide range of bioactivities, including anticancer. This report describes the one-pot synthesis and mechanistic studies of fifteen fluorescent Caryl-Nalkyl-substituted cyclic-aminotroponiminium carboxylate (cATC) derivatives by unusual cycloaddition and rearrangement reactions. Herein, the biochemical studies of four cATC derivatives reveal a non-intercalative binding affinity with DNA duplex. In vitro/in vivo studies show strong anti-tumor activity in three cATC derivatives. These derivatives enter the cells and localize to the nucleus and cytoplasm, which are easily traceable due to their inherent fluorescence properties. These three cATC derivatives reduce the proliferation and migration of HeLa cells more than the non-cancer cell line. They induce p38-p53-mediated apoptosis and inhibit EMT. In xenograft-based mouse models, these cATC derivatives reduce tumor size. Overall, this study reports the synthesis of DNA binding fluorescent Caryl-Nalkyl-cyclic-aminotroponiminium derivatives which show anti-tumor activity with the minimum side effect.
Evidence of entropy cascade in collisionless magnetized plasma turbulence
Authors: Kawamori Eiichirou , Lin Yu-Ting 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe turbulence of collisionless magnetized plasmas, as observed in space, astrophysical, and magnetically confined fusion plasmas, has attracted considerable interest for a long-time. The entropy cascade in collisionless magnetized plasmas is a theoretically proposed dynamics comparable to the Kolmogorov energy cascade in fluid turbulence. Here, we present evidence of an entropy cascade in laboratory plasmas by direct visualization of the entropy distribution in the phase space of turbulence in laboratory experiments. This measurement confirms the scaling laws predicted by the gyrokinetic theory with the dual self-similarity hypothesis, which reflects the interplay between the position and velocity of ions by perpendicular nonlinear phase mixing. This verification contributes to our understanding of turbulent heating in the solar corona, accretion disks, and magnetically confined fusion plasmas.
Anthropogenic sulfate aerosol pollution in South and East Asia induces increased summer precipitation over arid Central Asia
Authors: Xie Xiaoning , Myhre Gunnar , Shindell Drew , Faluvegi Gregory , Takemura Toshihiko , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Shi Zhengguo , Li Xinzhou , Xie Xiaoxun , Liu Heng , Liu Xiaodong , Liu Yangang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrecipitation has increased across the arid Central Asia region over recent decades. However, the underlying mechanisms of this trend are poorly understood. Here, we analyze multi-model simulations from the Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP) to investigate potential drivers of the observed precipitation trend. We find that anthropogenic sulfate aerosols over remote polluted regions in South and East Asia lead to increased summer precipitation, especially convective and extreme precipitation, in arid Central Asia. Elevated concentrations of sulfate aerosols over remote polluted Asia cause an equatorward shift of the Asian Westerly Jet Stream through a fast response to cooling of the local atmosphere at mid-latitudes. This shift favours moisture supply from low-latitudes and moisture flux convergence over arid Central Asia, which is confirmed by a moisture budget analysis. High levels of absorbing black carbon lead to opposing changes in the Asian Westerly Jet Stream and reduced local precipitation, which can mask the impact of sulfate aerosols. This teleconnection between arid Central Asia precipitation and anthropogenic aerosols in remote Asian polluted regions highlights long-range impacts of anthropogenic aerosols on atmospheric circulations and the hydrological cycle.
Miniature optical fiber curvature sensor via integration with GaN optoelectronics
Authors: Shi Fan , Zhang Hao , Ye Ziqi , Tang Xianwu , Qin Feifei , Yan Jiabin , Gao Xumin , Zhu Hongbo , Wang Yongjin , Liu Yuhuai , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOptical fiber curvature sensors have been considered as a promising option for human motion detection due to its good toughness, bending flexibility and anti-electromagnetic interference. However, for wearable devices, the miniature configuration is preferred, and a high integration of the light emitter, receiver and guided fiber is essential to configure the miniaturized sensing system. Here, we present a miniaturized curvature sensing system by integrating a GaN-based optoelectronic chip with the plastical optical fiber (POF). The light emitter and detector are fabricated on a GaN-on-sapphire wafer to form a tiny chip sized at 2.5 $$\times$$
×
1.5 mm2. The on-chip photodetector (PD) effectively senses the reflected light intensity, extracting information on the fiber bending deformation. A compact curvature sensing system is demonstrated for finger motion detection with movement angles of 30–90° and frequencies of 0.4, 1, and 1.6 Hz. The results show that the monolithically integrated LED and PD chip can be combined with the POF with reliable operation. The demonstration of the monolithically integrated optoelectronic device suggests a promising potential technology for future wearable fiber optical sensor system.
A high efficient next generation reservoir computing to predict and generate chaos with application for secure communication
Authors: Jin Leisheng , Liu Zhuo , Guan Ai , Wang Zhen , Xue Rui , Li Lijie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, a high efficient next generation reservoir computing (HENG‐RC) paradigm that adopts the principle of local states correlation and attention mechanism is proposed, which is able to process dynamical information generated by both the low dimensional and very large spatiotemporal chaotic systems (VLSCS). From a dynamical system perspective, the dynamical characteristics such as density distribution, Poincaré plots and max Lyapunov exponents of the proposed HENG‐RC are studied. It is revealed that the trained model can be seen as a data‐driven chaotic system. Furthermore, a novel scheme of secure communication based on chaotic synchronization of two HENG‐RC systems is designed, of which the security is enhanced as the intruder needs to know simultaneously the training signal and details of the parameter setting in the HENG‐RC. The digital implementation using field programmable gate array is experimentally realised, proving the feasibility of the secure communication scheme.
Positive and negative streamers in air and nitrogen in a sharply inhomogeneous electric field under conditions of runaway electron generation
Authors: Beloplotov Dmitry , Tarasenko Victor , Sorokin Dmitry , Zhang Cheng , Shao Tao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development of positive and negative streamers in a point‐to‐plane gap filled with air and nitrogen at various pressures (50–200 kPa) and voltages (8–25 kV) was studied. A four‐channel intensified charge‐coupled device (ICCD) and a streak‐camera were used. Electrical parameters were measured with high resolution (10 GHz). An original method of measuring a displacement current caused by a streamer was applied. As was expected, positive streamer branches in nitrogen at low voltages and/or elevated pressures while a large‐diameter streamer is formed in air. However, at high voltages or negative polarity, the large‐diameter streamer is formed both in nitrogen and air in the entire pressure range. It was found that runaway electrons (REs) are generated in the very first picoseconds of gas ionisation near the pointed cathode. It was assumed that REs can be generated near the pointed anode and produce bremsstrahlung radiation due to a sharply inhomogeneous distribution of electrical potential. It was found that in the final stage of negative streamer development in air and nitrogen, the gas between the streamer front and the opposite electrode is ionised almost simultaneously in the entire volume when the streamer diameter is almost equal to the interelectrode gap.
Microcosmic mechanism and correction of moisture effect on furfural diffusion and equilibrium in oil‐paper insulation
Authors: Feng Dawei , Chen Ge , Lin Yuandi , Liao Ruijin , Yuan Dayong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFurfural content in oil is considered as an effective parameter to evaluate the ageing state of oil‐immersed transformers. In previous thermal ageing experiments at 130°C, we found that moisture increment in oil‐paper system makes more furfural distribute in oil. However, the microcosmic mechanism of moisture effect on furfural diffusion from paper to oil is still unknown, and the furfural equilibrium law at transformers' typical operating temperatures is also unclear, resulting in the unreliability of the existed furfural evaluation model. To elucidate the above problems, molecular dynamics simulation and furfural equilibrium experiments at 60°C were carried out at different moisture contents. The results show that high moisture content makes part of furfural diffuse from paper to oil indeed. Supposing moisture content increases from 1% to 2%, mass fraction of furfural in oil may increase from 32.98% to 49.83%, leading to furfural content in oil increases from 0.76 mg/L to 1.06 mg/L when the degree of polymerisation of insulation paper is about 524, which increased by 39.5%. The increase in moisture content makes cellulose form hydrogen bonds with H2O preferentially, decreasing the hydrogen bonds interaction between cellulose and furfural. Thus, partial furfural falls off cellulose and diffuses into oil, leading to an increase in furfural content in oil. To eliminate the moisture interference, a corrected furfural assessment model based on the moisture equilibrium curve has been constructed, which can accurately evaluate the ageing state of insulation paper regardless of the moisture influence.
Waveform design and signal processing method for integrated underwater detection and communication system
Authors: Niu Qixiang , Zhang Qunfei , Shi Wentao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor the integrated system of underwater detection and communication, an emitted waveform should satisfy both detection and communication requirements. The signal processing method at the receiving end must also accomplish target detection and communication accordingly. This study uses a generalised sinusoidal frequency modulated (GSFM) waveform with a carrier to ensure detection performance. At the same time, the communication information encoding with Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying is modulated to the GSFM signal for communication purposes. Unlike previous work, an improved Blind Source Separation algorithm is utilised at the receiving end, which is better adapted to waveform separation and processing in the underwater time‐varying unknown environment. The analysis of detection probability, peak‐to‐average ratio, and signal processing results show that the proposed waveform and corresponding signal processing scheme can effectively meet the need for integrated underwater detection and communication system.
Chemistry and Biology of Acyloin Natural Products
Authors: Rizzacasa Mark , Ricca Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis review details the isolation, biosynthesis, biological activity, and synthesis of α-hydroxy ketone (acyloin) natural products. The role of these compounds as biosynthetic precursors to complex natural products and synthetic strategies to access the sensitive acyloin moiety and stereochemistry are highlighted.1	Introduction1.1	Xenocyloins1.2	Biological Activity1.3	Biosynthesis1.4	Acyloins as Discoipyrrole Biosynthetic Precursors2	Total Synthesis of Acyloin Natural Products2.1	Kurasoins A and B2.2	Soraphinol A and Circumcin B2.3	4-Hydroxysattabacin and Actinopolymorphol A2.4	Actinopolymorphol B2.5	Sattazolins and Sattabacins2.6	Catalyst Development and Application in Acyloin Synthesis2.7	Xenocyloins3	Conclusion
Silver-Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Activated N-Heteroarenes via 1,4-Dearomative Addition of Diazomethylphosphonates
Authors: Baek Sekwang , Jen Hyundug , Yoo Eun Jeong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhosphorus-containing N-heterocycles are important molecular motifs due to their unique structural features and biological activities. In this study, we developed a silver-catalyzed reaction for the construction of phosphorus-containing azepine derivatives via a domino-type dearomatization procedure, followed by ring expansion. In addition, diazomethylphosphonates were employed for the first time as nucleophiles in the 1,4-dearomative addition of activated N-heteroarenes, furnishing cyclopropane-fused piperidine intermediates that were readily restructured into their corresponding azepine derivatives. The reactivities of the diazomethylphosphonates in the developed dearomatization strategy were found to be superior to those of other diazo compounds, thereby resulting in the generation of the desired seven-membered N-heterocycles within a very short reaction time.
Survival Implications of Thrombus Recurrence or Bleeding in Cancer Patients Receiving Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism Treatment
Authors: McBane II Robert D. , Vlazny Danielle T. , Houghton Damon , Casanegra Ana I. , Froehling David , Daniels Paul , Riaz Irbaz bin , Hodge David O. , Wysokinski Waldemar E. 
Published: December 2022

Background Study aims were to analyze prospectively collected data from patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) to determine the impact of VTE recurrence and anticoagulant-related bleeding on all-cause mortality.
Patients/Methods Consecutive cancer patients with acute VTE treated with anticoagulants (March 1, 2013–November 30, 2021) were included in this analysis. Anticoagulant therapy-associated VTE recurrences, major bleeding, and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB) were assessed for their impact on all-cause mortality outcomes.
Results This study included 1,812 cancer patients with VTE. Of these, there were 97 (5.4%) with recurrent VTE, 98 (5.4%) with major, and 104 (5.7%) with CRNMB while receiving anticoagulants. Recurrent VTE (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–2.00; p = 0.0028), major bleeding (HR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.41–2.31; p = 0.006), and CRNMB (HR; 1.38; 95% CI: 1.05–1.81; p = 0.018) each adversely influenced mortality outcomes. Deep vein thrombosis as the incident thrombotic event type was associated with VTE recurrence (HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.08–2.89; p = 0.02). Neither cancer type nor stage, chemotherapy, or Ottawa risk category influenced VTE recurrence. Higher body weights (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00–1.01; p = 0.005) were associated with increased major bleeding, while high Ottawa scores (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46–0.96; p = 0.03) and apixaban treatment (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.45–0.84; p = 0.002) were associated with fewer major bleeding outcomes.
Conclusion Among cancer patients receiving anticoagulant therapy for VTE, adverse outcomes such as VTE recurrence, major bleeding, or CRNMB increase mortality risk by 40 to 80%. Identifying variables predicting these outcomes may help risk-stratify patients with poor prognosis.