bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetically determined cardiomyopathies at autopsy: the pivotal role of the pathologist in establishing the diagnosis and guiding family screening
Authors: Sheppard Mary N. , van der Wal Allard C. , Banner Jytte , d’Amati Giulia , De Gaspari Monica , De Gouveia Rosa , Di Gioia Cira , Giordano Carla , Larsen Maiken Kudahl , Lynch Matthew J. , Lucena Joaquin , Molina Pilar , Parsons Sarah , Suarez-Mier M. Paz , Rizzo Stefania , Suvarna Simon Kim , te Rijdt Wouter P , Thiene Gaetano , Vink Aryan , Westaby Joseph , Michaud Katarzyna , Basso Cristina ,   on behalf of the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology (AECVP)
Published: March 2023

AbstractCardiomyopathies (CMP) comprise a heterogenous group of diseases affecting primarily the myocardium, either genetic and/or acquired in origin. While many classification systems have been proposed in the clinical setting, there is no internationally agreed pathological consensus concerning the diagnostic approach to inherited CMP at autopsy. A document on autopsy diagnosis of CMP is needed because the complexity of the pathologic backgrounds requires proper insight and expertise. In cases presenting with cardiac hypertrophy and/or dilatation/scarring with normal coronary arteries, a suspicion of inherited CMP must be considered, and a histological examination is essential. Establishing the actual cause of the disease may require a number of tissue-based and/or fluid-based investigations, be it histological, ultrastructural, or molecular. A history of illicit drug use must be looked for. Sudden death is frequently the first manifestation of disease in case of CMP, especially in the young. Also, during routine clinical or forensic autopsies, a suspicion of CMP may arise based on clinical data or pathological findings at autopsy. It is thus a challenge to make a diagnosis of a CMP at autopsy. The pathology report should provide the relevant data and a cardiac diagnosis which can help the family in furthering investigations, including genetic testing in case of genetic forms of CMP. With the explosion in molecular testing and the concept of the molecular autopsy, the pathologist should use strict criteria in the diagnosis of CMP, and helpful for clinical geneticists and cardiologists who advise the family as to the possibility of a genetic disease.
Overexpression of the orphan nuclear receptor NR2F6 is associated with improved survival across molecular subgroups in endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Proppe L. , Jagomast T. , Beume S. , Klapper L. , Gitas G. , Köster F. , Perner S. , Rody A. , Ribbat-Idel J. , Hanker L. C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
NR2F6 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6, also called Ear-2) is known to be an orphan nuclear receptor that has been characterized as an intracellular immune checkpoint in effector T cells and, therefore, may control tumor development and growth. The prognostic impact of NR2F6 in endometrial cancers is evaluated in this study.

Materials and methods
Expression analysis of NR2F6 in 142 endometrial cancer patients was performed by immunohistochemistry of primary paraffin‑embedded tumor samples. Staining intensity of positive tumor cells was automatically assessed semi-quantitatively, and results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival.

Results
Forty five of 116 evaluable samples (38.8%) showed an overexpression of NR2F6. This leads to an improvement of the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In NR2F6-positive patients, the estimated mean OS was 156.9 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 143.1–170.7) compared to 106.2 months in NR2F6-negative patients (95% CI 86.2–126.3; p = 0.022). The estimated PFS differed by 63 months (152 months (95% CI 135.7–168.4) vs. 88.3 months (95% CI 68.5–108.0), p = 0.002). Furthermore, we found significant associations between NR2F6 positivity, MMR status, and PD1 status. A multivariate analysis suggests NR2F6 to be an independent factor influencing the OS (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
In this study, we could demonstrate that there is a longer progression-free and overall survival for NR2F6-positive patients with endometrial cancer. We conclude that NR2F6 might play an essential role in endometrial cancers. Further studies are required to validate its prognostic impact.
Short- and long-term consequences of heat exposure on mitochondrial metabolism in zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis)
Authors: Pacheco-Fuentes Hector , Ton Riccardo , Griffith Simon C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the consequences of heat exposure on mitochondrial function is crucial as mitochondria lie at the core of metabolic processes, also affecting population dynamics. In adults, mitochondrial metabolism varies with temperature but can also depend on thermal conditions experienced during development. We exposed zebra finches to two alternative heat treatments during early development: “constant”, maintained birds at ambient 35 °C from parental pair formation to fledglings’ independence, while “periodic” heated broods at 40 °C, 6 h daily at nestling stage. Two years later, we acclimated birds from both experiments at 25 °C for 21 days, before exposing them to artificial heat (40 °C, 5 h daily for 10 days). After both conditions, we measured red blood cells’ mitochondrial metabolism using a high-resolution respirometer. We found significantly decreased mitochondrial metabolism for Routine, Oxidative Phosphorylation (OxPhos) and Electron Transport System maximum capacity (ETS) after the heat treatments. In addition, the birds exposed to “constant” heat in early life showed lower oxygen consumption at the Proton Leak (Leak) stage after the heat treatment as adults. Females showed higher mitochondrial respiration for Routine, ETS and Leak independent of the treatments, while this pattern was reversed for OxPhos coupling efficiency (OxCE). Our results show that short-term acclimation involved reduced mitochondrial respiration, and that the reaction of adult birds to heat depends on the intensity, pattern and duration of temperature conditions experienced at early-life stages. Our study provides insight into the complexity underlying variation in mitochondrial metabolism and raises questions on the adaptive value of long-lasting physiological adjustments triggered by the early-life thermal environment.
The influence of procedural volume on short-term outcomes for robotic pancreatoduodenectomy—a cohort study and a learning curve analysis
Authors: Kawka Michal , Gall Tamara M. H. , Hand Fiona , Nazarian Scarlet , Cunningham David , Nicol David , Jiao Long R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of robotic pancreatoduodenectomies (RPD) are reported, however, questions remain on the number of procedures needed for gaining technical proficiency in RPD. Therefore, we aimed to assess the influence of procedure volume on short-term RPD outcomes and assess the learning curve effect.MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive RPD cases was undertaken. Non-adjusted cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis was performed to identify the procedure volume threshold, following which before-threshold and after-threshold outcomes were compared.ResultsSince May 2017, 60 patients had undergone an RPD at our institution. The median operative time was 360 min (IQR 302.25–442 min). CUSUM analysis of operative time identified 21 cases as proficiency threshold, indicated by curve inflexion. Median operative time was significantly shorter after the threshold of 21 cases (470 vs 320 min,p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between before- and after-threshold groups in major Clavien-Dindo complications (23.8 vs 25.6%,p = 0.876).ConclusionsA decrease in operative time after 21 RPD cases suggests a threshold of technical proficiency potentially associated with an initial adjustment to new instrumentation, port placement and standardisation of operative step sequence. RPD can be safely performed by surgeons with prior laparoscopic surgery experience.
Alkali salts of amino acids as alkaline additives for neutralization of acidic corrosion inhibitors
Authors: Naundorf Tim , Seddig Tom , Ruf Erik , Ballentin Laurens , Kipphardt Helmut , Maison Wolfgang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present alkali salts of amino acids as functional, non-toxic, non-hazardous, non-volatile, chemically stable, and cheap alkaline additives for common acidic corrosion inhibitors. The resulting mixtures have been evaluated for Co, Ni, and Cu leaching and were analyzed by chip filter assay, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance measurements, and gravimetry for corrosion protection of iron and steel in aqueous environment at slightly alkaline pH. Leaching of Co and Ni was found to depend on the corresponding complex stabilities. Taurine (Tau) as well as aminohexanoic acid (AHX) leads to low leaching of Co and Ni. Particularly AHX is an attractive low leaching additive leading to lower Co and Ni concentrations in solution than currently used amino alcohols. Glu and Tau were found to synergistically interact with several acidic corrosion inhibitors of the carboxylic acid and the phosphonic acid type. Tau had a particularly positive impact on the protective properties of carboxyphosphonic acids. Glu had also a positive effect on the anti-corrosive properties of several acidic corrosion inhibitors and served as an anti-scalant. Alkali salts of Glu and Tau might thus serve as commercially and ecologically attractive substitutes for current alkaline additives to acidic corrosion inhibitors.
Targeting cancer lactate metabolism with synergistic combinations of synthetic catalysts and monocarboxylate transporter inhibitors
Authors: Bridgewater Hannah E. , Bolitho Elizabeth M. , Romero-Canelón Isolda , Sadler Peter J. , Coverdale James P. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSynthetic anticancer catalysts offer potential for low-dose therapy and the targeting of biochemical pathways in novel ways. Chiral organo-osmium complexes, for example, can catalyse the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of pyruvate, a key substrate for energy generation, in cells. However, small-molecule synthetic catalysts are readily poisoned and there is a need to optimise their activity before this occurs, or to avoid this occurring. We show that the activity of the synthetic organometallic redox catalyst [Os(p-cymene)(TsDPEN)] (1), which can reduce pyruvate to un-natural d-lactate in MCF7 breast cancer cells using formate as a hydride source, is significantly increased in combination with the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor AZD3965. AZD3965, a drug currently in clinical trials, also significantly lowers the intracellular level of glutathione and increases mitochondrial metabolism. These synergistic mechanisms of reductive stress induced by 1, blockade of lactate efflux, and oxidative stress induced by AZD3965 provide a strategy for low-dose combination therapy with novel mechanisms of action.

Graphical abstract
The causal effect of catastrophic health expenditure on poverty in Poland
Authors: Kolasa Aleksandra , Weychert Ewa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Out-of-pocket medical expenses are a crucial source of health care financing in a number of countries. With the ongoing population aging, health care costs are likely to increase. Therefore, disentangling the relationship between health care spending and monetary poverty is becoming increasingly important. Although there is extensive literature on the impoverishment effect of out-of-pocket medical payments, it lacks empirical studies on a causal relationship between catastrophic health expenditure and poverty. In our paper, we try to fill this gap.

Methods
We estimate recursive bivariate probit models using Polish Household Budget Survey data covering years from 2010 to 2013 and from 2016 to 2018. The model controls for a wide range of factors and endogeneity between poverty and catastrophic health expenditure.

Results
We show that the causal relationship between catastrophic health expenditure and relative poverty is significant and positive across different methodological approaches. We find no empirical evidence that a one-time incidence of catastrophic health expenditure creates a poverty trap. We also show that using a poverty measure which treats out-of-pocket medical payments and luxury consumption as perfect substitutes can lead to an underestimation of poverty among the elderly.

Conclusion
Out-of-pocket medical payments should probably receive more attention from policymakers than the official statistics suggest. A current challenge is to correctly identify and appropriately support those who are most affected by catastrophic health expenditure. More prospectively, a complex modernization of the Polish public health system is needed.
Fitness costs of pyrethroid resistance in the polyphagous pest mite, Halotydeus destructor, under field conditions
Authors: Umina Paul A. , Maino James L. , Edwards Owain , Cheng Xuan , Binns Matthew , van Rooyen Anthony , Song Sue Vern , Weeks Andrew , Arthur Aston L. , Reynolds Olivia L. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor, is an economically important pest of winter field crops and pastures in Australia, and has evolved field resistance to pyrethroid chemicals through a polymorphism in the voltage-gated parasodium channel leading to knockdown resistance (kdr). In this study, we quantified the rate of reversion to susceptibility of partially resistant H. destructor populations under field conditions in the absence of pesticide exposure. This was conducted over multiple years at two geographically distant locations with mite populations known to possess pyrethroid resistance. Fitness costs associated with pyrethroid resistance were identified through reductions in the frequency of kdr resistance alleles in the absence of pesticides. This was assessed using an amplicon sequencing approach targeting known resistance alleles. We also found that resistance can increase rapidly in frequency after only a single pyrethroid application in the field. Our results highlight that, once established in H. destructor populations, pyrethroid resistance will not easily be lost even after several years, emphasizing the importance of limiting the evolution of resistance in the first place. This helps to explain why pyrethroid resistance in H. destructor continues to persist at very high frequencies in the field and continues to expand within Australia despite the existence of fitness costs. Understanding field fitness costs associated with pesticide resistance is important when devising resistance management strategies for this pest.
Representing interlingual meaning in lexical databases
Authors: Giunchiglia Fausto , Bella Gábor , Nair Nandu C. , Chi Yang , Xu Hao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn today’s multilingual lexical databases, the majority of the world’s languages are under-represented. Beyond a mere issue of resource incompleteness, we show that existing lexical databases have structural limitations that result in a reduced expressivity on culturally-specific words and in mapping them across languages. In particular, the lexical meaning space of dominant languages, such as English, is represented more accurately while linguistically or culturally diverse languages are mapped in an approximate manner. Our paper assesses state-of-the-art multilingual lexical databases and evaluates their strengths and limitations with respect to their expressivity on lexical phenomena of linguistic diversity.
Prevalence of Intoxicating Substance Use Before or During Sex Among Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gómez-Núñez María Isabel , Molla-Esparza Cristian , Gandia Carbonell Natalia , Badenes Ribera Laura 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrug use before or during sex is a high-risk sexual behavior associated with adverse health risks and outcomes, such as increasing the likelihood of overdoses and of acquiring sexually-transmitted diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis of three scientific databases examined the prevalence of the use of intoxicating substances, those tending to excite or stupefy the user on a psychoactive level, before or during sex, among young adults (18–29 years old). A total of 55 unique empirical studies met the inclusion criteria (48,145 individuals; 39% males), were assessed for risk of bias using the tools of Hoy et al. (2012), and were analyzed via a generalized linear mixed-effects model. The results produced a global mean prevalence of this sexual risk behavior of 36.98% (95% CI: 28.28%, 46.63%). Nonetheless, significant differences were identified between different intoxicating substances, with the use of alcohol (35.10%; 95% CI: 27.68%, 43.31%), marijuana (27.80%; 95% CI: 18.24%, 39.92%), and ecstasy (20.90%; 95% CI: 14.34%, 29.45%) significantly more prevalent than that of cocaine (4.32%; 95% CI: 3.64%, 5.11%), heroin (.67%; 95% CI: .09%, 4.65%), methamphetamine (7.10%; 95% CI: 4.57%, 10.88%), and GHB (6.55%; 95% CI: 4.21%, 10.05%). Moderator analyses showed that the prevalence of alcohol use before or during sex differed according to geographical sample origin, and increased as the proportion of ethnic whites in samples increased. The remaining demographic (e.g., gender, age, reference population), sexual (e.g., sexual orientation, sexual activity), health (e.g., drug consumption, STI/STD status), methodological (e.g., sampling technique), and measurement (e.g., timeframe) variables that were examined did not moderate prevalence estimates. Implications for sexual development interventions were discussed.
The Inverse First-passage Time Problem as Hydrodynamic Limit of a Particle System
Authors: Klump Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study a particle system without branching but with selection at timepoints depending on a given probability distribution on the positive real line. The hydrodynamic limit of the particle system is identified as the distribution of a Brownian motion conditioned to not having passed the solution of the so-called inverse first-passage time problem. As application we extract a Monte-Carlo method to simulate solutions of the inverse first-passage time problem.
Mortality and malformation effects of acute vanadium (V) exposure on the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos
Authors: Dahms-Verster Simone , Nel Amina , van Vuren Johan H. J. , Greenfield Richard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Vanadium (V) is a transition metal that is found in low concentrations in aquatic ecosystems. These levels increase due to anthropogenic activities. The mortality and teratogenicity effects of V remain unexplored in amphibian species. To address this gap in the knowledge base, a standard Frog Embryo Teratogenic Index – Xenopus (FETAX) assessment was conducted. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) was chosen for its known toxicity in other aquatic biota and its solubility in water. A range-finding test was conducted in two different mediums, V2O5 in distilled water (VDH2O) and V2O5 in FETAX medium (VMED), to determine concentration ranges where effects occurred. Thereafter, definitive tests were conducted using two separate breeding pairs, with two replicate dishes per concentration containing 15 embryos each. Multiple endpoints were assessed including mortality, malformations, minimum concentration to inhibit growth (MCIG), and the teratogenic index (TI). Mortality and malformation effects occurred at different ranges, and therefore, the exposures were conducted in low dose and high dose ranges. The high dose range for mortality effects was conducted at 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/L of V. The low dose exposures to assess malformation effects were conducted at 0.0001, 0.00025, 0.0005, 0.00075, and 0.001 mg/L. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the LC50 and EC50 for the two sets of definitive tests. The LC50s were determined to be 46.10 mg/L and 26.91 mg/L for VDH2O and 34.50 and 25.25 for VMED for the two breeding pairs respectively. The EC50 was calculated as 0.00053 mg/L and 0.00037 mg/L for VDH2O and 0.00036 mg/L and 0.00017 mg/L for VMED for the two definitive tests respectively. The TI was calculated as 86,981 and 72,729 for VDH2O and 95,833 and 148,526 for VMED. Ultimately, there were severe malformation effects in embryos exposed to low doses of V and V was determined to be a very strong teratogen.
Hybrid vigor in Eucalyptus increases resistance against Phytophthora root rot
Authors: Bose Tanay , Hammerbacher Almuth , Jones Wayne , Roux Jolanda , Slippers Bernard , Wingfield Michael J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEucalyptus nitens is a cold-tolerant eucalypt that is native to Eastern Australia. Pure E. nitens as well as its hybrids, such as Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus nitens, is propagated commercially in various regions of the southern hemisphere, including South Africa. In a plantation environment, E. nitens is susceptible to a variety of native and invasive pathogens, including Phytophthora alticola and P. cinnamomi. Recently, there have been increasing reports of root and collar rot in E. nitens in South Africa. The severity of this disease was substantially lower among interspecific hybrids of E. grandis × E. nitens compared to purebred E. nitens. In South Africa, the susceptibility of commercially propagated provenances of pure E. nitens and varieties of hybrid E. grandis × E. nitens to Phytophthora species is unknown. Therefore, we conducted greenhouse trials to evaluate the pathogenicity of P. alticola and P. cinnamomi to two families of pure E. nitens, one self-fertilized and the other outcrossed, as well as a single clonal variety of the most widely planted interspecific hybrid, E. grandis × E. nitens. The outcomes from these trials revealed that both self-fertilized and outcrossed families of E. nitens were highly susceptible to the tested Phytophthora species. The severity of root rot was greatest among plants inoculated with P. cinnamomi. The tested interspecific hybrid was tolerant to both Phytophthora species and developed new lateral and fine roots to offset the effects of root rot.
Cuplength estimates for periodic solutions of Hamiltonian particle-field systems
Authors: Fabert Oliver , Lamoree Niek 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider a natural class of time-periodic infinite-dimensional nonlinear Hamiltonian systems modelling the interaction of a classical mechanical system of particles with a scalar wave field. When the field is defined on a space torus$${\mathbb {T}}^d={\mathbb {R}}^d/(2\pi {\mathbb {Z}})^d$$Td=Rd/(2πZ)dand the coordinates of the particles are constrained to a submanifold$$Q\subset {\mathbb {T}}^d$$Q⊂Td, we prove that the number of contractibleT-periodic solutions of the coupled Hamiltonian particle-field system is bounded from below by the$${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$Z2-cuplength of the space$$\Lambda ^{{\text {contr}}} Q$$ΛcontrQof contractible loops inQ, provided that the square of the ratio$$T/2\pi $$T/2πof time periodTand space period$$X=2\pi $$X=2πis a Diophantine irrational number. The latter condition is necessary since for the infinite-dimensional version of Gromov–Floer compactness as well as for the$$C^0$$C0-bounds we need to deal with small divisors.