bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study on the aggregation‐induced emission mechanism of anthryl‐tetraphenylethene
Authors: Pan Xin , Lu Yajie , Zhou Weixing , Zhang Wenyu , Yang Ling , Zhu Chaoyuan , Lin Sheng‐Hsien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the concept of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) was proposed by Benzhong Tang's research group in 2001, the exploration of the mechanism of AIE and the development of new high‐performance AIE materials have been the focus and goal of this field. On the basis of a large number of experiment results, AIE mechanism has been well explained by lots of works, such as restricted intramolecular motion (RIM), J‐aggregate et al. As tetraphenylethlene (TPE) molecules are stacked, the rotation of the benzene ring rotor is blocked, and the energy attenuation is released in the form of radiation, showing the AIE effect. In order to further explore the AIE effect of TPE, we performed electronic structure, spectrum simulation, and AIE mechanism calculations of the anthryl‐tetraphenylethene (TPE‐an) monomer and dimer in the gas phase, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and aqueous solutions at the B3LYP/6‐31G** level. The calculation results show that TPE‐an molecule is in a propeller‐like configuration, and its fluorescence intensity is weak; compared with the monomer, the fluorescence intensity of the dimer increases by 87% in aqueous solution; the fluorescence intensity in the gas phase, THF solution, and aqueous solution gradually enhances with the increase of the degree of aggregation, which are consistent with the experimental results. The enhancement of fluorescence intensity is caused by the change of molecular structure caused by aggregation. This detailed AIE luminescence mechanism will provide theoretical guidance for AIE material design.
Examining bidirectional associations between sleep and behavior among children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Sidol Craig A. , Becker Stephen P. , Peugh James L. , Lynch James D. , Ciesielski Heather A. , Zoromski Allison K. , Epstein Jeffery N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have more sleep problems than their peers which contribute to behavioral and functional impairments. This study examines the bidirectional relationship between nightly sleep (i.e., total sleep time and sleep efficiency) and daily behavior of children with ADHD.MethodForty‐three children (ages 6–13 [mean = 9.05, 54% male, 77% medicated]) participated in a 2‐week study during an ADHD Summer Treatment Program (STP). Sleep was measured with actigraphy. Behavior was assessed using STP clinical data and daily parent and counselor ratings of ADHD symptoms, oppositional defiant disorder behaviors, and emotion regulation (e.g., difficulty regulating emotional disposition and controlling emotions). We hypothesized that healthier night's sleep measured by actigraphy (i.e., sleep efficiency and total sleep time [TST]) would relate to less ADHD symptoms, less emotional dysregulation, and better academic performance the next day. Additionally, we hypothesized that less ADHD symptoms, less emotional dysregulation, and greater academic performance would relate to healthier sleep that night.ResultsHigher nightly sleep efficiency was related to improved parent‐ratings of ADHD the next day (R2 = 0.04, p = 0.04) and improved parent‐ratings of ADHD during the day lead to higher sleep efficiency that night (R2 = 0.002, p = 0.02). Higher rates of daily assignment completion were related to higher sleep efficiency at night (R2 = 0.035, p = 0.03). TST was not related to any behavioral outcomes.ConclusionSleep efficiency may be more relevant than TST to behavioral performance the next day. Additionally, a bidirectional relationship exists between sleep efficiency and parent ratings of ADHD. Findings highlight the importance of assessing for manifestations of poor sleep efficiency, waking minutes, and wakings after sleep onset when diagnosing and treating ADHD.
Image Improved Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI With Optimized Trigger Delays Based on Strain Curve Analysis to Evaluate Myocardial Microvascular Dysfunction of Exertional Heat Illness
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xu Shutian , Luo Song , Kong Xiang , Wang Qingqing , Ma Yan , Dou Weiqiang , Qi Li , Liu Zhihong , Zhang Long Jiang 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundIntravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI has not been widely used and its role in evaluating exertional heat illness (EHI)‐related myocardial involvement remains unknown.PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of strain curve‐derived trigger delay (TD) IVIM‐MRI and its role in assessing myocardial diffusion and microvascular perfusion of EHI patients.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsA total of 42 male EHI patients (median age: 21 years) and 22 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC).Field Strength/SequenceA 3‐T, diffusion‐weighted spin‐echo echo‐planar‐imaging sequence.AssessmentIVIM‐MRI was acquired by conventional TD method (group A) or strain curve‐based TD method (group B) in random order. IVIM image quality was evaluated on a 3‐point Likert scale (1, nondiagnostic; 2, moderate; 3, good). Technical success was defined as image quality score = 3. IVIM‐MRI‐derived parameters (pseudo diffusion in the capillaries [D*], perfusion fraction [f], and slow apparent diffusion coefficient [D]) were compared between EHI and HC.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐tests, chi‐square tests, one‐way analysis of variance, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05.ResultsIVIM‐MRI image quality score (median [interquartile range]: 3 [2, 3] vs. 2 [1–3]) and technical success rate (61.9%[13/21] vs. 28.6%[6/21]) were significantly improved in group B. EHI patients showed significantly decreased D* (118.1 ± 23.3 × 10−3 mm2/sec vs. 142.7 ± 42.6 × 10−3 mm2/sec) and f values (0.42 ± 0.12 vs. 0.51 ± 0.11) and significantly higher D values (3.0 ± 0.9 × 10−3 mm2/sec vs. 2.5 ± 0.6 × 10−3 mm2/sec) compared to HC. Relative to D and D*, f showed the most robust efficacy for detecting EHI‐related myocardial injury with the highest area under the ROC curve (0.906: 95% confidence interval, 0.799, 0.967) and sensitivity of 88.5% and specificity of 85.6%.ConclusionThe strain curve‐based TD method significantly improved image quality and technical success rate of IVIM‐MRI, and f value may be an effective biomarker to assess myocardial microcirculation abnormalities of EHI patients.Evidence Level2.Technical EfficacyStage 3.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not increase risk for anastomotic leak for simultaneous resection of primary colon cancer with synchronous liver metastasis: A NSQIP‐colectomy analysis
Authors: Mankarious Marc M. , Portolese Austin C. , Hoskins Meloria A. , Deutsch Michael J. , Jeganathan Nimalan A. , Scow Jeffrey S. , Kulaylat Audrey S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn patients with colon cancer with synchronous liver metastasis, treatment algorithms are complex and often require multidisciplinary evaluation. Neoadjuvant therapy is frequently utilized, but there is an unclear relationship with postoperative outcomes in patients with simultaneous resection.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and Targeted Colectomy databases. All patients with stage IV colon cancer undergoing simultaneous colectomy with synchronous liver metastasis resection or ablation between 2015 and 2019 were identified and categorized into subgroups based on receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to assess for risk factors of anastomotic leaks and serious postoperative complications.ResultsWe identified 1006 patients who underwent simultaneous colectomy and liver operations. Of those, 418 (41.6%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy within 90 days of surgery, while 588 (58.4%) had simultaneous upfront surgery. On multivariable logistic regression, neoadjuvant therapy was not associated with postoperative anastomotic leaks (odds ratio [OR]: 1.30; p = 0.39) or serious complications (OR: 1.04; p = 0.82).ConclusionNeoadjuvant therapy does not increase postoperative complications in simultaneous colon and liver resections. These results may alleviate concerns regarding postoperative morbidity in the decision‐making process of administering neoadjuvant therapy.
An efficient high‐speed counter‐current chromatography method for the preparative separation of sesquiterpenoids from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L. combined with evaluation of the anti‐inflammation activity in vitro and molecular docking
Authors: Pan Shaobin , Zhang Zhe , Feng Qixiang , Zhao Jin , Aziz Shahid , Dou Liwen , Li Jing , Huang Luyao , Yan Huijiao , Wang Xiao , Li Jia , Wang Daijie 
Published: March 2023

Cyperus rotundus L. has been extensively used in ancient medication for the treatment of different disorders worldwide, in which sesquiterpenes are the most representative components. In this study, sesquiterpenes were effectively purified by two‐dimensional counter‐current chromatography in combination with continuous injection and inner‐recycling mode with a solvent system of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:0.2:1:0.2, v/v/v/v). For one‐dimension separation, continuous injection mode was used with three times injection and the inner‐recycling mode was adopted for the separation of two mixtures for two‐dimensional separation. Finally, four sesquiterpenoids, including scariodione (1), cyperenoic acid (2), scariodione (3), and α‐cyperone (4), were obtained with purities over 98%. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance were applied to identify their structures. The results from the anti‐inflammation effect with zebrafish demonstrated that cyperenoic acid exhibited stronger anti‐inflammation activity. Molecular docking results suggested that cyperenoic acid possessed lower binding energies –9.4545 kcal/mol with 1CX2 to form formed hydrogen bond interaction with ARG120. In general, all the obtained findings proved that the strong anti‐inflammation capacity of cyperenoic acid can have the potential of being adopted for treating diseases resulting from inflammation.
An efficient diazotroph‐derived nitrogen transfer pathway in coral reef system
Authors: Sheng Hua‐Xia , Wan Xianhui S. , Zou Bobo , Sun Youfang , Hanoch Buce , Zou Wenbin , Yang Weidi , Wu Siqi , Huang Hui , Ward Bess B. , Kao Shuh‐Ji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe underlying mechanism for sustaining the high productivity of coral reefs in nutrient deplete water, known as the Darwin Paradox, has long been debated. The input of new nitrogen, for example, derived from N2 fixation, and efficient nitrogen recycling are hypothesized as two critical factors in resolving the paradox. However, the source of new nitrogen and its connection to nitrogen recycling in the coral reef system remain poorly understood. We measured N2 fixation rates and investigated the diazotroph community in different components of a tropical coral reef system. Our results show that the reef‐building crustose coralline algae demonstrate a significantly higher N2 fixation rate than the overlying water or the coral holobiont, representing a large source of N2 fixation to the system. The associated diazotroph community was dominated by the non‐cyanobacterial Rhizobiales. 15N2‐based pulse‐chase incubation experiments revealed ~ 50% of the diazotroph‐derived nitrogen was released from the crustose coralline algae holobiont to the overlying water and coral holobiont within 48 h, which was five fold higher than the fraction of nitrogen released from nitrate‐based assimilation by crustose coralline algae. Furthermore, the released diazotroph‐derived nitrogen was rapidly transferred to the coral holobiont through grazing and was subsequently released back to the overlying water as dissolved organic nitrogen, revealing an efficient pathway that connects the new nitrogen input with the nitrogen recycling in the coral reef ecosystem. Our results provide new insights into the sources and fates of new nitrogen in the coral reefs, helping to resolve the Darwin Paradox in this unique ecosystem.
Visible Light Induced Degradation of Poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methyl α‐chloro acrylate) Copolymer at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Arslan Zeynep , Kiliclar Huseyin Cem , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a well‐known and widely used commodity plastic. High production amount of PMMA causes excessive waste creation that highlights the necessity of recycling. Conventional recycling methods require elevated temperatures to induce degradation or depolymerization. In this work, visible light induced photodegradation system by using dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn2(CO)10) with high halogen affinity is reported. Halide functional photodegradable polymers are prepared by copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and methyl α‐chloroacrylate by conventional reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization. Synthesized copolymers are efficiently degraded to low molecular weight oligomers under visible light irradiation in the presence of Mn2(CO)10. Characteristics of precursors, degraded polymers, and kinetics of depolymerization are investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourrier transform infrared (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopies. The reported approach is expected to trigger further development of more environmentally friendly recycling techniques in the near future as we are moving toward a greener and more sustainable world.
Precision gas therapy by ultrasound‐triggered for anticancer therapeutics
Authors: Du Fangxue , Guo Ruiqian , Feng Ziyan , Wang Ziyao , Xiang Xi , Zhu Bihui , Rodriguez Raul D. , Qiu Li 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, ultrasound, as an external stimuli that can activate different types of naonocatalysts for therapy, has attracted extensive attention. One characteristic that makes ultrasound a particularly attractive trigger stimulus for nanomedicine is that it can be applied to the deep regions of the body noninvasively in a focused way. Different biological effects can be achieved by integrating ultrasound with nanocatalysts, and nanodroplets. Gas therapy, as a green antitumor treatment, has attracted substantial attention. The development of nanotechnology and nanomedicine has made gas therapy more precious by controlled release under internal, and outside factors and targeted delivery. In this article, an overview of ultrasound‐based gas therapy on antitumor therapy has been provided. First, we explored the mechanism of ultrasound‐triggered gas release. Second, we list the common gas release pathways and their mechanism in response to ultrasound activity. Third, exemplary instances of gas‐generating facilities under ultrasound controllable are explored, with an emphasis on their originality and guiding principles. The impact of the gas‐generating platform as a tumor therapy has also been considered. Finally, the difficulties and future prospects for this effective therapeutic approach are examined.
Proton beam dosimetry in the presence of magnetic fields using Farmer‐type ionization chambers of different radii
Authors: Marot Mathieu , Surla Sonja , Burke Elisa , Brons Stephan , Runz Armin , Greilich Steffen , Karger Christian P. , Jäkel Oliver , Burigo Lucas N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance‐guided proton therapy is promising, as it combines high‐contrast imaging of soft tissue with highly conformal dose delivery. However, proton dosimetry in magnetic fields using ionization chambers is challenging since the dose distribution as well as the detector response are perturbed.PurposeThis work investigates the effect of the magnetic field on the ionization chamber response, and on the polarity and ion recombination correction factors, which are essential for the implementation of a proton beam dosimetry protocol in the presence of magnetic fields.MethodsThree Farmer‐type cylindrical ionization chambers, the 30013 with 3 mm inner radius (PTW, Freiburg, Germany) and two custom built chambers “R1” and “R6” with 1 and 6 mm inner radii respectively were placed at the center of an experimental electromagnet (Schwarzbeck Mess – Elektronik, Germany) 2 cm depth of an in‐house developed 3D printed water phantom. The detector response was measured for a 3 × 10 cm2 field of mono‐energetic protons 221.05 MeV/u for the three chambers, and with an additional proton beam of 157.43 MeV/u for the chamber PTW 30013. The magnetic flux density was varied between 0.1 and 1.0 Tesla in steps of 0.1 Tesla.ResultsAt both energies, the ionization chamber PTW 30013 showed a non‐linear response as a function of the magnetic field strength, with a decrease of the ionization chamber response of up to 0.27% ± 0.06% (1 SD) at 0.2 Tesla, followed by a smaller effect at higher magnetic field strength. For the chamber R1, the response decreased slightly with the magnetic field strength up to 0.45% ± 0.12% at 1 Tesla, and for the chamber R6, the response decreased up to 0.54% ± 0.13% at 0.1 Tesla, followed by a plateau up to 0.3 Tesla, and a weaker effect at higher magnetic field strength. The dependence of the polarity and recombination correction factor on the magnetic field was ⩽0.1% for the chamber PTW 30013.ConclusionsThe magnetic field has a small but significant effect on the chamber response in the low magnetic field region for the chamber PTW 30013 and for R6, and in the high magnetic field region for the chamber R1. Corrections may be necessary for ionization chamber measurements, depending on both the chamber volume and the magnetic flux density. No significant effect of the magnetic field on the polarity and recombination correction factor was detected in this work for the ionization chamber PTW 30013.
Small‐bore feeding tubes placed with an electromagnetic imaging device leads to cost avoidance and decreased time to initiation of enteral nutrition
Authors: Hahn Michaelann , Byham‐Gray Laura , Samavat Hamed , Roberts Susan , Brody Rebecca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Cortrak Enteral Access System (CEAS) was previously approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used in lieu of radiographic confirmation imaging for feeding tubes placed by trained clinicians. Following an institutional protocol change in 2016, our registered dietitians had the option to forgo radiographic confirmation imaging for tubes placed using the CEAS. Our research aimed to determine the difference in the number of radiographic confirmation images for feeding tubes placed using the CEAS between preprotocol and postprotocol environments and the associated cost avoidance after the institutional policy change.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from 506 tube placements (n = 253 per protocol environment) in adult patients with diverse diagnoses admitted to various in‐patient care units.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the mean number of radiographic images per tube placement (preprotocol = 1.10 [95% CI, 1.05–1.15]; postprotocol = 0.36 [95% CI, 0.30–0.41]; P < 0.001), leading to a cost avoidance of $67,282.80 for the 253 tube placements and a potential cost avoidance of $279,236 over the 5‐year postprotocol environment. Additionally, the mean time to initiation of enteral nutrition was significantly reduced by 2.65 h in the postprotocol environment (P < 0.001).ConclusionOur findings suggest that using the CEAS can reduce the number of radiographic images, provide cost avoidance, and improve nutrition outcomes. However, updated 2022 FDA regulatory changes to the use of the CEAS for tube confirmation lead to an uncertain future for this practice because of safety concerns.
Maternal cyclobenzaprine exposure and risk of birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2011) and Birth Defects Study to Evaluate Pregnancy exposureS (2014–2018)
Authors: Fisher Sarah C. , Howley Meredith M. , Tran Emmy L. , Ailes Elizabeth C. , Papadopoulos Eleni A. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Browne Marilyn L. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and the Birth Defects Study to Evaluate Pregnancy Exposures
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeCyclobenzaprine is a muscle relaxant indicated for acute pain. Little is known about cyclobenzaprine's safety during pregnancy. We explored the association between maternal cyclobenzaprine exposure and risk of birth defects among offspring.MethodsWe combined data from two large, multi‐site, population‐based case–control studies in the United States. Cases were identified from birth defects registries across 10 states; controls were liveborn infants without birth defects randomly selected from the same catchment areas. Participants reported cyclobenzaprine use during the month before conception through the third month of pregnancy (“periconception”) via computer‐assisted telephone interview. We used logistic regression to assess associations between periconceptional cyclobenzaprine exposure and selected structural birth defects. We calculated crude odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsOur study included 33 615 cases and 13 110 controls. Overall, 51 case (0.15%) and 9 control (0.07%) participants reported periconceptional cyclobenzaprine use. We observed increased risk for all seven defects with ≥3 exposed cases: cleft palate (OR = 4.79, 95% CI 1.71–13.44), cleft lip (OR = 2.50, 95% CI 0.89–7.02), anorectal atresia/stenosis (OR = 6.91, 95% CI 1.67, 28.65), d‐transposition of the great arteries (OR = 6.97, 95% CI 2.17–22.36), coarctation of the aorta (OR = 5.58, 95% CI 1.88–16.58), pulmonary valve stenosis (OR = 4.55, 95% CI 1.10–18.87), and secundum atrial septal defect (OR = 3.08, 95% CI 0.83–11.45).ConclusionsEven in our large sample, cyclobenzaprine use was rare. Our estimates are unadjusted and imprecise so should be interpreted cautiously. These hypothesis‐generating results warrant confirmation and further research to explore possible mechanisms.
Hate speech on social media against German mayors: Extent of the phenomenon, reactions, and implications
Authors: Bauschke Rafael , Jäckle Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrawing on an online survey of mayors from the German federal state of Baden‐Wuerttemberg this article analyses (1) to what extent social media is used abusively at the municipal level, (2) how mayors react to hate speech and (3) whether the experience of such insulting comments and threats is correlated with their perception of social media as a tool for political communication. The analysis shows that hateful comments are part of the social media experience on the local level. 53.9% of the mayors have at least once experienced personal insults and hostilities on social media in their role as politicians. The majority of them (56.7%) ignored the hate speech without reaction. Significantly fewer reacted more actively: 29.8% responded to the insulting message, 5.4% blocked the hater, and 8.2% filed a judicial complaint. The statistical analysis shows that mayors who use social media in a more professional way are more likely to react to hate speech in such an active manner. Moreover, the experience of hate speech and particularly an active type of reacting are found to be positively related to mayors' perceptions of how useful they consider social media to be for political communication.