bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Advisory Committee Votes With US Food and Drug Administration Decision-Making on Prescription Drugs, 2010-2021
Authors: Daval C. Joseph Ross , Teng Theodore W. , Russo Massimiliano , Kesselheim Aaron S. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) often relies on independent advisory committees when making decisions about the approval of prescription drugs or their withdrawal from the market. These committees provide the FDA with valuable insight and an opportunity to build public trust through transparent deliberation, but recent controversies have raised questions about the optimal use of FDA advisory committees.ObjectiveTo assess the frequency, purposes, and voting outcomes of human drug advisory committees convened from 2010 to 2021 and the FDA’s corresponding actions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study used a manual review of meeting summaries prepared by FDA staff for the 18 human drug advisory committees active at any time from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021, as well as FDA announcements and press releases, drug labels and approval data, industry publications, and company press releases.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of votes on regulatory questions were recorded using meeting minutes. Alignment of FDA action with advisory votes for new drugs and indications was judged as of 1 year after the vote was held and as of November 30, 2022.ResultsThe FDA held 409 human drug advisory committee meetings from 2010 to 2021. Committees were convened less frequently over time, from a high of 50 in 2012 to a low of 18 in 2020 and 2021. Much of this decrease occurred at committee meetings involving votes on initial approvals, which declined from a high of 26 in 2012 to a low of 8 in 2021. Overall, FDA regulatory actions aligned with 262 of 298 advisory committee votes on initial approvals, supplemental approvals, withdrawals of approval, and safety actions (88%). Approval followed 142 of 147 positive votes for initial approvals (97%) and 33 of 36 positive votes for supplemental indications (92%), while nonapproval followed 40 of 60 negative votes on initial approvals (67%) and 18 of 21 negative votes on supplemental indications (86%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this qualitative study, there was consistent alignment between advisory votes and FDA action across years and subject areas, but the number of meetings decreased over time. Discordance between FDA actions and advisory committee votes was most frequently an approval after a negative vote. This study demonstrated that these committees have played a key role in the FDA’s decision-making process but that the FDA sought independent expert advice less frequently over time even as it continued to follow it. The role of advisory committees in the current regulatory landscape should be more clearly and publicly defined.
National Assessment of Pediatric Readiness of US Emergency Departments During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Remick Katherine E. , Hewes Hilary A. , Ely Michael , Schmuhl Patricia , Crady Rachel , Cook Lawrence J. , Ludwig Lorah , Gausche-Hill Marianne 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceThe National Pediatric Readiness Project assessment provides a comprehensive evaluation of the readiness of US emergency departments (EDs) to care for children. Increased pediatric readiness has been shown to improve survival for children with critical illness and injury.ObjectivesTo complete a third assessment of pediatric readiness of US EDs during the COVID-19 pandemic, to examine changes in pediatric readiness from 2013 to 2021, and to evaluate factors associated with current pediatric readiness.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this survey study, a 92-question web-based open assessment of ED leadership in US hospitals (excluding EDs not open 24 h/d and 7 d/wk) was sent via email. Data were collected from May to August 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresWeighted pediatric readiness score (WPRS) (range, 0-100, with higher scores indicating higher readiness); adjusted WPRS (ie, normalized to 100 points), calculated excluding points received for presence of a pediatric emergency care coordinator (PECC) and quality improvement (QI) plan.ResultsOf the 5150 assessments sent to ED leadership, 3647 (70.8%) responded, representing 14.1 million annual pediatric ED visits. A total of 3557 responses (97.5%) contained all scored items and were included in the analysis. The majority of EDs (2895 [81.4%]) treated fewer than 10 children per day. The median (IQR) WPRS was 69.5 (59.0-84.0). Comparing common data elements from the 2013 and 2021 NPRP assessments demonstrated a reduction in median WPRS (72.1 vs 70.5), yet improvements across all domains of readiness were noted except in the administration and coordination domain (ie, PECCs), which significantly decreased. The presence of both PECCs was associated with a higher adjusted median (IQR) WPRS (90.5 [81.4-96.4]) compared with no PECC (74.2 [66.2-82.5]) across all pediatric volume categories (P &amp;lt; .001). Other factors associated with higher pediatric readiness included a full pediatric QI plan vs no plan (adjusted median [IQR] WPRS: 89.8 [76.9-96.7] vs 65.1 [57.7-72.8];P &amp;lt; .001) and staffing with board-certified emergency medicine and/or pediatric emergency medicine physicians vs none (median [IQR] WPRS: 71.5 [61.0-85.1] vs 62.0 [54.3-76.0;P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThese data demonstrate improvements in key domains of pediatric readiness despite losses in the health care workforce, including PECCs, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and suggest organizational changes in EDs to maintain pediatric readiness.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Photoswitchable Fluorescent Polymers for Photorewritable Pattern, Anti‐Counterfeiting, and Information Encryption
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Hong , Chen Jian , Tian Yong , Xiang Chongchen , Liu Wanqiang , Zhou Zhihua , Cui Jiaxi , Chen Xudong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotoswitchable fluorescent polymers (PFPs) are emerging as a class of promising systems for photowritable pattern, optical anti‐counterfeiting, and information encryption. They typically use harmful UV light as the stimulus, which often leads to inevitable photobleaching and poor reversibility. To address this issue, visible‐light‐driven PFPs by copolymerization of novel negative photochromic spiropyran monomer and methyl acrylate are developed. The obtained copolymers display bright red fluorescence, which can be reversibly turned off by visible light irradiation. Many appealing features are observed in this system, including fast photo‐responsibility, prominent photo‐reversibility and photostability, simple preparation process, and processability. Their applications in photorewritable patterns, optical anti‐counterfeiting, and information encryption are also demonstrated.
Graphene Oxide Attenuates Toxicity of Amyloid‐β Aggregates in Yeast by Promoting Disassembly and Boosting Cellular Stress Response
Authors: Chen Xin , Pandit Santosh , Shi Lei , Ravikumar Vaishnavi , Køhler Julie Bonne , Svetlicic Ema , Cao Zhejian , Garg Abhroop , Petranovic Dina , Mijakovic Ivan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, with the aggregation of misfolded amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides in the brain being one of its histopathological hallmarks. Recently, graphene oxide (GO) nanoflakes have attracted significant attention in biomedical areas due to their capacity of suppressing Aβ aggregation in vitro. The mechanism of this beneficial effect has not been fully understood in vivo. Herein, the impact of GO on intracellular Aβ42 aggregates and cytotoxicity is investigated using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the model organism. This study finds that GO nanoflakes can effectively penetrate yeast cells and reduce Aβ42 toxicity. Combination of proteomics data and follow‐up experiments show that GO treatment alters cellular metabolism to increases cellular resistance to misfolded protein stress and oxidative stress, and reduces amounts of intracellular Aβ42 oligomers. Additionally, GO treatment also reduces HTT103QP toxicity in the Huntington's disease (HD) yeast model. The findings offer insights for rationally designing GO nanoflakes‐based therapies for attenuating cytotoxicity of Aβ42, and potentially of other misfolded proteins involved in neurodegenerative pathology.
Highly‐Stable CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with an Efficiency of 21.11% via Fluorinated 4‐Amino‐Benzoate Cesium Bifacial Passivation
Authors: Xu Dongfang , Wang Jungang , Duan Yuwei , Yang Shaomin , Zou Hong , Yang Lu , Zhang Na , Zhou Hui , Lei Xuruo , Wu Meizi , Liu Shengzhong , Liu Zhike 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe poor interface quality between cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) perovskite and the electron transport layer limits the stability and efficiency of CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a 4‐amino‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzoate cesium (ATFC) is designed as a bifacial defect passivator to tailor the perovskite/TiO2 interface. The comprehensive experiments demonstrate that ATFC can not only optimize the conductivity, electron mobility, and energy band structure of the TiO2 layer by passivation of the undercoordinated Ti4+, oxygen vacancy (VO), and free OH defects but also promote the yield of high‐quality CsPbI3 film by synergistic passivation of undercoordinated Pb2+ defects with the CO group and F atom, and limiting I− migration via F···I interaction. Benefiting from the above interactions, the ATFC‐modified CsPbI3 device yields a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.11% and an excellent open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.24 V. Meanwhile, the optimized CsPbI3 PSC maintains 92.74% of its initial efficiency after aging 800 h in air atmosphere, and has almost no efficiency attenuation after tracking at maximum power point for 350 h.
Programming Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Networks with Dynamic Covalent Bonds
Authors: Jin Binjie , Yang Shu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) network consisting of dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) is referred as a LCE vitrimer. The mesogen alignment and the network topology can be reprogrammed locally in the LCE vitrimer by activating the bond exchange reactions using an external stimulus. After removal of the external stress, a new network is formed and the reprogrammed shape can be fixed, leading to a different set of the physical properties of the LCE vitrimers. Herein, this type of emerging materials is reviewed by a brief introduction of the fundamentals of LCEs, followed by discussions of various DCBs and the design principles for LCE vitrimers. After a presentation of different strategies to improve the stability and reprogrammability of the registered mesogen alignment, approaches to prepare LCE vitrimers with complex shapes and their actuations are discussed. Potential applications such as self‐healing and recycling, mechanochromic effects, and post‐functionalization of nanopores are also reviewed, followed by the conclusion of the remaining challenges and opportunities.
Moisture‐Thermal Stable, Superhydrophilic Alumina‐Based Ceramics Fabricated by a Selective Laser Sintering 3D Printing Strategy for Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Wu Zhenhua , Sun Dong , Shi Congcan , Chen Shuang , Tang Sihan , Li Yike , Yan Chunze , Shi Yusheng , Su Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe solar‐driven interface evaporation is one of the most promising technologies for desalination and wastewater purification. However, in the ebb and flow of the tide, water absorbed in the hydrophilic evaporator bottom would significantly change, leading to the shape deformation of the system and further failure of solar steam generation. Here it is reported that the moisture‐thermal stable and superhydrophilic alumina‐based ceramics can be fabricated by a selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing strategy. The printed alumina‐based ceramics possess superhydrophilicity. Along the side surface of the printed sample, a 5 µL water droplet can be fast absorbed in 14 ms. Most importantly, they can maintain stable and high evaporation efficiency even after being dried out for ten times, demonstrating the excellent physical resistance to continuous moisture‐thermal transition. Finally, the “I‐shaped” evaporators are printed with salt‐resistant ability, which can maintain a steady high evaporation efficiency in seawater and 20 wt% brine for long‐term steam generation process. The moisture‐thermal stable alumina‐based ceramics prepared in this work will provide inspiration for stable solar steam generation materials, and expand the development of 3D printing functional materials.
A Multidirectional Locomotion Light‐Driven Soft Crawling Robot
Authors: Han Lei , Si Jiawei , Zhu Bo , Wang Rui , Wu Chenggen , Guo Miaomiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSoft robots based on bionics with multi‐freedom and communication abilities have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, the solutions for soft robots with multidirectional locomotion currently concentrate on complex drive modes and exhibit application unfriendliness. In this work, an untethered multidirectional locomotion light‐driven soft crawling robot is proposed with the integration of communication module, which can traverse in four directions with a fixed near‐infrared (NIR) light source and is also capable of positioning and perception. Owing to the photothermal response of graphene oxide and ingenious structural design, the critical states of robot deformation can be determined simply by controlling the duration of NIR light, ultimately resulting in different crawling directions. Furthermore, a communication module is integrated into the robot enabling the robot to locate and sense humidity by magnetic coupling. The proposed robot provides an innovative strategy for the design and integration of multidirectional locomotion soft crawling robots, showing great potential in intelligent robots.
Optoelectronic Synapses and Photodetectors Based on Organic Semiconductor/Halide Perovskite Heterojunctions: Materials, Devices, and Applications
Authors: Guo Ziyi , Zhang Junyao , Liu Xu , Wang Lu , Xiong Lize , Huang Jia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBoth photodetectors (PDs) and optoelectronic synaptic devices (OSDs) are optoelectronic devices converting light signals into electrical responses. Optoelectronic devices based on organic semiconductors and halide perovskites have aroused tremendous research interest owing to their exceptional optical/electrical characteristics and low‐cost processability. The heterojunction formed between organic semiconductors and halide perovskites can modify the exciton dissociation/recombination efficiency and modulate the charge‐trapping effect. Consequently, organic semiconductor/halide perovskite heterojunctions can endow PDs and OSDs with high photo responsivity and the ability to simulate synaptic functions respectively, making them appropriate for the development of energy‐efficient artificial visual systems with sensory and recognition functions. This article summarizes the recent advances in this research field. The physical/chemical properties and preparation methods of organic semiconductor/halide perovskite heterojunctions are briefly introduced. Then the development of PDs and OSDs based on organic semiconductor/halide perovskite heterojunctions, as well as their innovative applications, are systematically presented. Finally, some prospective challenges and probable strategies for the future development of optoelectronic devices based on organic semiconductor/halide perovskite heterojunctions are discussed.
Combined Defect and Heterojunction Engineering in ZnTe/CoTe2@NC Sulfur Hosts Toward Robust Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Huang Chen , Yu Jing , Li Canhuang , Cui Zhibiao , Zhang Chaoqi , Zhang Chaoyue , Nan Bingfei , Li Junshan , Arbiol Jordi , Cabot Andreu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are feasible candidates for the next generation of energy storage devices, but the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the poor electrical conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulfides limit their application. Herein, a sulfur host based on nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) coated with small amount of a transition metal telluride (TMT) catalyst is proposed to overcome these limitations. The properties of the sulfur redox catalyst are tuned by adjusting the anion vacancy concentration and engineering a ZnTe/CoTe2 heterostructures. Theoretical calculations and experimental data demonstrate that tellurium vacancies enhance the adsorption of LiPSs, while the formed TMT/TMT and TMT/C heterostructures as well as the overall architecture of the composite simultaneously provide high Li+ diffusion and fast electron transport. As a result, v‐ZnTe/CoTe2@NC/S sulfur cathodes show excellent initial capacities up to 1608 mA h g−1 at 0.1C and stable cycling with an average capacity decay rate of 0.022% per cycle at 1C during 500 cycles. Even at a high sulfur loading of 5.4 mg cm–2, a high capacity of 1273 mA h g−1 at 0.1C is retained, and when reducing the electrolyte to 7.5 µL mg−1, v‐ZnTe/CoTe2@NC/S still maintains a capacity of 890.8 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1C.
Synergy of Torsion Strained and Ligand Effect for Relay Acceleration of Industrial High‐pH Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Jiang Rui , Da Yumin , Chen Ganwen , Tian Zhangliu , Xiao Yukun , Cao Yanhui , Wu Han , Zhang Jinfeng , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNoble metal Pt‐based catalysts have slow water dissociation kinetics at high pH conditions, making it difficult for water molecules to be electrochemically activated. Utilizing ligand effect and strain effect to tailor catalytic active sites is a common method, while the understanding of mechanism of their interaction remains obscure due to the complexity of the process. This study proposes a pulse‐induced torsional strained PtRu mesocrystals (PtRu MCs) with 20 times higher mass activity than commercial Pt/C. The combination of experimental results and theoretical calculations reveals that the ligand effect induced by Ru doping accelerates the kinetics of the water dissociation reaction, while the pulse‐induced torsion strained dominates the thermodynamic optimization of the hydrogen adsorption reaction. The structure‐activity relationship defined by the synergistic effect under the complementary advantages of the strain and doping provides guidance for the design of future basic hydrogen evolution catalysts. The catalyst can run stably at 1 A cm−2 for 500 h, showing potential for industrial application.
Engineering and Characterization of an Artificial Drug‐Carrying Vesicles Nanoplatform for Enhanced Specifically Targeted Therapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Sun Yuting , Zeng Xianhuang , Liu Yang , Liu Chaozhi , Zhou Ying , Liu Yueguang , Sun Guihong , Guo Mingxiong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment is hindered by complex pathologies and the need to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) during drug delivery. Although exosomes have great potential for GBM treatment, these alone cannot fully meet the therapeutic requirements, owing to their limitations in targeting and delivery. Herein, engineered artificial vesicles (EAVs), ANG‐TRP‐PK1@EAVs, which are constructed using a liposome extruder from HEK293T cells expressing ANG‐TRP‐PK1 peptides, is developed. ANG‐TRP‐PK1 is a fusion peptide of Angiopep‐2 fused to the N‐terminus of TRP‐PK1, to present Angiopep‐2 on the EAVs. ANG‐TRP‐PK1@EAVs have similar characteristics to the secreted exosomes, but a much higher yield. ANG‐TRP‐PK1@EAVs have efficient BBB‐penetration and GBM‐targeting abilities in a mock BBB model in in vitro and orthotopic GBM mouse models in vivo. Doxorubicin loading EAVs (ANG‐TRP‐PK1@DOX) do not alter the characteristics of the EAVs, which can cross the BBB, reach the GBM, and kill tumor cells in orthotopic GBM mouse models. These engineered drug‐loaded artificial vesicles show better therapeutic effects on GBM than temozolomide in mice, with very few side effects. In conclusion, EAVs can be inserted into different targeting ligands and packed into different drugs, and they may serve as unique and efficient nanoplatforms for drug delivery and tumor promise therapy.
Tunable Donor Aggregation Dominance in a Ternary Matrix of All‐Polymer Blends with Improved Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Ma Ruijie , Li Hongxiang , Dela Peña Top Archie , Xie Xiyun , Fong Patrick Wai‐Keung , Wei Qi , Yan Cenqi , Wu Jiaying , Cheng Pei , Li Mingjie , Li Gang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUsing two structurally similar polymer acceptors in constructing high‐efficiency ternary all‐polymer solar cells is a widely acknowledged strategy; however, the focus thus far has not been on how polymer acceptor(s) would tune the aggregation of polymer donors, and furthermore film morphology and device performance (efficiency and stability). Herein, it is reported that matching of the celebrity acceptor PY‐IT and the donor PBQx‐TCl results in enhanced H‐aggregation in PBQx‐TCl, which can be finely tuned by controlling the amount of the second acceptor PY‐IV. Consequently, the efficiency‐optimized PY‐IV weight ratio (0.2/1.2) leads to a state‐of‐the‐art power conversion efficiency of 18.81%, wherein light‐illuminated operational stability is also enhanced along with well‐protected thermal stability. Such enhancements in the efficiency and operational and thermal stabilities of solar cells can be attributed to morphology optimization and the desired glass transition temperature of the target active layer based on comprehensive characterization. In addition to being a high‐power conversion efficiency case for all‐polymer solar cells, these enhancements are also a successful attempt for using combined acceptors to tune donor aggregation toward optimal morphology, which provides a theoretical basis for the construction of other types of organic photovoltaics beyond all‐polymer solar cells.
Reconstructed Hierarchically Structured Keratin Fibers with Shape‐Memory Features Based on Reversible Secondary‐Structure Transformation
Authors: Xu Xiaoyun , Wang Zhuang , Li Min , Su Yupei , Zhang Qi , Zhang Shuai , Hu Jinlian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiocompatible and biodegradable shape‐memory polymers have gained popularity as smart materials, offering a wide range of applications and environmental benefits. Herein, the possibility of fabricating regenerated water‐triggered shape‐memory keratin fibers from wool and cellulose in a more effective and environmentally friendly manner is investigated. The regenerated keratin fibers exhibit comparable shape‐memory performance to other hydration‐responsive materials, with a shape‐fixity ratio of 94.8 ± 2.15% and a shape‐recovery rate of 81.4 ± 3.84%. Owing to their well‐preserved secondary structure and cross‐linking network, keratin fibers exhibit outstanding water‐stability and wet stretchability, with a maximum tensile strain of 362 ± 15.9%. In this system, the reconfiguration of the protein secondary structure between α‐helix and β‐sheet is investigated as the fundamental actuation mechanism in response to hydration. This responsiveness is studied under force loading and unloading along the fiber axis. Hydrogen bonds act as the “switches” clicked by water molecules to trigger the shape‐memory effect, while disulfide bonds and cellulose nanocrystals play the role of “net‐points” to maintain the permanent shape of the material. Water‐triggered shape‐memory keratin fibers are manipulable and exhibit potential in the fabrication of textile actuators, which may be applied in smart apparel and programmable biomedical devices.