bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Biliary Stent in Recurrence of Biliary Stones and Complications After Stone Clearance in Patients Awaiting Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Sasani Arpit , Mandavdhare Harshal S. , Sharma Vishal , Shah Jimil , Patil Amol , Gupta Pankaj , Samanta Jayanta , Singh Harjeet , Dutta Usha 
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION:
The role of prophylactic biliary stenting after clearance of choledocholithiasis in patients awaiting cholecystectomy for concomitant cholelithiasis is controversial. We planned a randomized controlled trial to study the effect of prophylactic biliary stenting after achieving biliary clearance in reducing recurrence of choledocholithiasis and biliary complications in patients awaiting cholecystectomy.

METHODS:
Patients with concomitant cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis were included, and those who had evidence of clearance of choledocholithaisis (documented on occlusion cholangiogram during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography [ERC]) were randomized to prophylactic biliary stenting or no stenting. Choledocholithaisis recurrence rate (primary outcome), biliary complications and need for repeat/emergency ERC (secondary outcomes) were compared till 3 months after clearance.

RESULTS:
Between September 2021 and July 2022, 70 patients were randomized into group A, stenting (n = 35), and group B, no stenting (n = 35). Sixty-six patients were included in the final analysis. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the 2 groups. Ten (15.2%) patients had recurrence of choledocholithiasis, and it was comparable between the 2 groups (7/34 [20.6%] and 3/34 [9.4%], P = 0.306). Five patients (2 cholecystitis and 3 post-ERC pancreatitis) from the stent group while none from the no stent group developed complications, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.024). None of the patients in both the groups needed emergency ERC during the follow-up.

DISCUSSION:
This randomized trial shows a higher complication rate with prophylactic stenting, while there is no benefit in preventing choledocholithiasis recurrence in patients waiting for cholecystectomy after biliary clearance (CTRI registration number: CTRI/2021/09/036538).
Towards diagnostic excellence on academic ward teams: building a conceptual model of team dynamics in the diagnostic process
Authors: Choi Justin J. , Rosen Michael A. , Shapiro Martin F. , Safford Monika M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesAchieving diagnostic excellence on medical wards requires teamwork and effective team dynamics. However, the study of ward team dynamics in teaching hospitals is relatively underdeveloped. We aim to enhance understanding of how ward team members interact in the diagnostic process and of the underlying behavioral, psychological, and cognitive mechanisms driving team interactions.MethodsWe used mixed-methods to develop and refine a conceptual model of how ward team dynamics in an academic medical center influence the diagnostic process. First, we systematically searched existing literature for conceptual models and empirical studies of team dynamics. Then, we conducted field observations with thematic analysis to refine our model.ResultsWe present a conceptual model of how medical ward team dynamics influence the diagnostic process, which serves as a roadmap for future research and interventions in this area. We identified three underexplored areas of team dynamics that are relevant to diagnostic excellence and that merit future investigation (1): ward team structures (e.g., team roles, responsibilities) (2); contextual factors (e.g., time constraints, location of team members, culture, diversity); and (3) emergent states (shared mental models, psychological safety, team trust, and team emotions).ConclusionsOptimizing the diagnostic process to achieve diagnostic excellence is likely to depend on addressing all of the potential barriers and facilitators to ward team dynamics presented in our model.
Internal and external appraisals of analytical writing. A proposal for assessing development and potential improvement
Authors: Tolchinsky Liliana , Rosado Elisa , Aparici Melina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces Developing analytical writing (DAW), a model of text analysis aimed at capturing how social expectancies of analytical writing become part of students’ linguistic literacy. DAW proposes a multilayer analysis of text features on repeated text production prompted by the same and different topics, control for pedagogical input, and researcher- and reader-based evaluations of text quality. We revise DAW previous implementations that delved into lexical, syntactic-discursive, and structural aspects of analytical essays as indexes for developing writing proficiency. We focus thereafter on a current application of DAW to assess content-related dimensions: explicitness of a central standpoint, flexibility of writers’ positioning, and expression of reflective thinking. Analyses revealed that the probability of explicitness and reflexiveness increases from elementary to higher levels of schooling, while the probability of flexible positioning appeared conditioned by text topic and pedagogical input. The three dimensions showed stronger effect of instruction on high schoolers’ than on elementary and university students’ texts. Regression analyses support a foundational role of development and a significant contribution of the assessed dimensions to an appraisal of text quality. DAW facilitates distinguishing analytical text features that improve in the course of development from those sensitive to pedagogical scaffolding.
Explicit grammar instruction in the EFL classroom: studying the impact of age and gender
Authors: Frøisland Frøis O. , Fossumstuen Stian G. , Calafato Raees 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The long-standing emphasis on communicative language teaching has resulted in a de-emphasis of explicit grammar instruction (EGI) in favour of an implicit, intuitive approach to learning grammar that can lead to fossilized errors, which learners are then unable to correct. In terms of research, relatively little is known about how students and teachers approach EGI, especially at transition points between primary and secondary school. This article reports on an online questionnaire-based study that explored the beliefs of 405 learners and 17 teachers (including the latter’s reported practices) regarding EGI in the English classroom in primary and lower-secondary grades in Norway. The findings revealed that primary school students, as well as female participants, had more positive beliefs about EGI than those in lower-secondary schools (and male participants). Furthermore, teachers’ and students’ affective beliefs about EGI differed meaningfully sometimes, as did teachers’ implementation of EGI-related activities that the students most enjoyed.
Ist die Leuenberger Konkordie ein Bekenntnis?
Authors: Axt-Piscalar Christine 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag verdeutlicht, dass und warum die Leuenberger Konkordie kein Bekenntnis ist, und dass sie gerade so ihre spezifische Funktion erfüllt. Er erläutert die Kriterien, nach denen Kirchengemeinschaft erklärt wird, und betont die Besonderheit des Modells der Leuenberger Konkordie, Kirchengemeinschaft unter Achtung des „unterschiedlichen Bekenntnisstandes“ darzustellen und zu leben. Die ekklesiale Aufgabe der Gemeinschaft Evangelischer Kirchen in Europa (GEKE) wird darin gesehen, Einheit der Kirchen unter Anerkennung ihrer legitimen Vielfalt zu praktizieren.
Tribological behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for acetabular replacement under frictional heat based on molecular dynamics
Authors: Wang Songquan , Wang Kaijun , Fang Xingxing , Li Dahan , Lin Hao , Guo Yongbo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hip prostheses generate higher frictional heat than natural joints at the joint head-socket interface during in vivo service, resulting in higher temperatures of the contact surfaces and surrounding synovial fluid, which affects the frictional properties of the prosthetic material. In order to clarify the influence mechanism of frictional heat on the tribological behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for acetabular replacement, the tribological tests of three contact pairs were carried out under different synovial fluid temperatures in this research. Furthermore, the movement processes of the molecular chain structure of UHMWPE during friction were simulated by Materials Studio (MS), and the mechanism of oxidative degradation was discussed. The results show that the temperature of synovial fluid has a significant effect on the friction and wear resistance of UHMWPE and the lubrication characteristics of synovial fluid. At the same time, the action mechanism of the proteins in the synovial fluid that gradually precipitate with the temperature rise to participate in the friction process is related to the friction pair material and contact mode. The synergistic effect of temperature rise and friction will accelerate the oxidative degradation reaction of UHMWPE and form ketone and alcohol oxides on its surface, thus reducing its wear resistance.
Echoes from Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in the Subcortex
Authors: Groot Josephine M. , Miletic Steven , Isherwood Scott J. S. , Tse Desmond H. Y. , Habli Sarah , Håberg Asta K. , Forstmann Birte U. , Bazin Pierre-Louis , Mittner Matthias 
Published: August 2023

Decades of research have greatly improved our understanding of intrinsic human brain organization in terms of functional networks and the transmodal hubs within the cortex at which they converge. However, substrates of multinetwork integration in the human subcortex are relatively uncharted. Here, we leveraged recent advances in subcortical atlasing and ultra-high field (7 T) imaging optimized for the subcortex to investigate the functional architecture of 14 individual structures in healthy adult males and females with a fully data-driven approach. We revealed that spontaneous neural activity in subcortical regions can be decomposed into multiple independent subsignals that correlate with, or “echo,” the activity in functional networks across the cortex. Distinct subregions of the thalamus, striatum, claustrum, and hippocampus showed a varied pattern of echoes from attention, control, visual, somatomotor, and default mode networks, demonstrating evidence for a heterogeneous organization supportive of functional integration. Multiple network activity furthermore converged within the globus pallidus externa, substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area but was specific to one subregion, while the amygdala and pedunculopontine nucleus preferentially affiliated with a single network, showing a more homogeneous topography. Subregional connectivity of the globus pallidus interna, subthalamic nucleus, red nucleus, periaqueductal gray, and locus coeruleus did not resemble patterns of cortical network activity. Together, these finding describe potential mechanisms through which the subcortex participates in integrated and segregated information processing and shapes the spontaneous cognitive dynamics during rest.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite the impact of subcortical dysfunction on brain health and cognition, large-scale functional mapping of subcortical structures severely lags behind that of the cortex. Recent developments in subcortical atlasing and imaging at ultra-high field provide new avenues for studying the intricate functional architecture of the human subcortex. With a fully data-driven analysis, we reveal subregional connectivity profiles of a large set of noncortical structures, including those rarely studied in fMRI research. The results have implications for understanding how the functional organization of the subcortex facilitates integrative processing through cross-network information convergence, paving the way for future work aimed at improving our knowledge of subcortical contributions to intrinsic brain dynamics and spontaneous cognition.
The Number and Size of Individual Kidney Medullary Pyramids is Associated with Clinical Characteristics, Kidney Biopsy Findings, and CKD Outcomes among Kidney Donors
Authors: Gregory Adriana V. , Denic Aleksandar , Moustafa Amr , Dasaraju Praveen G. , Poudyal Bhavya , Augustine Joshua J. , Mullan Aidan F. , Korfiatis Panagiotis , Rule Andrew D. , Kline Timothy L. 
Published: August 2023

Significance Statement
Segmentation of multiple structures in cross-sectional imaging is time-consuming and impractical to perform manually, especially if the end goal is clinical implementation. In this study, we developed, validated, and demonstrated the capability of a deep learning algorithm to segment individual medullary pyramids in a rapid, accurate, and reproducible manner. The results demonstrate that cortex volume, medullary volume, number of pyramids, and mean pyramid volume is associated with patient clinical characteristics and microstructural findings and provide insights into the mechanisms that may lead to CKD.

Background
The kidney is a lobulated organ, but little is known regarding the clinical importance of the number and size of individual kidney lobes.

Methods
After applying a previously validated algorithm to segment the cortex and medulla, a deep-learning algorithm was developed and validated to segment and count individual medullary pyramids on contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of living kidney donors before donation. The association of cortex volume, medullary volume, number of pyramids, and mean pyramid volume with concurrent clinical characteristics (kidney function and CKD risk factors), kidney biopsy morphology (nephron number, glomerular volume, and nephrosclerosis), and short- and long-term GFR <60 or <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was assessed.

Results
Among 2876 living kidney donors, 1132 had short-term follow-up at a median of 3.8 months and 638 had long-term follow-up at a median of 10.0 years. Larger cortex volume was associated with younger age, male sex, larger body size, higher GFR, albuminuria, more nephrons, larger glomeruli, less nephrosclerosis, and lower risk of low GFR at follow-up. Larger pyramids were associated with older age, female sex, larger body size, higher GFR, more nephrons, larger glomerular volume, more nephrosclerosis, and higher risk of low GFR at follow-up. More pyramids were associated with younger age, male sex, greater height, no hypertension, higher GFR, lower uric acid, more nephrons, less nephrosclerosis, and a lower risk of low GFR at follow-up.

Conclusions
Cortex volume and medullary pyramid volume and count reflect underlying variation in nephron number and nephron size as well as merging of pyramids because of age-related nephrosclerosis, with loss of detectable cortical columns separating pyramids.
Estudio de prácticas y contextos alimentarios de adolescentes de secundaria en Argentina, a partir del uso de redes sociales
Authors: Bahamonde Nora , Lozano Eduardo , Pintos Juan Carlos , Dillon Laura 
Published: August 2023

En esta investigación nos propusimos elaborar un inventario de prácticas y contextos alimentarios de adolescentes rionegrinos. Para ello utilizamos las redes sociales, para la producción de fotografías comentadas por parte de los estudiantes. Así, intentamos caracterizar no solo las ingestas, sino también los contextos en que se llevaron a cabo (qué, dónde, con quién, cuándo, etc.) y la significación atribuida por los adolescentes a estas prácticas. En este artículo presentamos el marco teórico de referencia, aspectos estratégicos de la innovación metodológica implementada y un conjunto de resultados respecto de los perfiles y paisajes alimentarios construidos a partir de los datos, su análisis y categorización en función de las dimensiones biológica/sanitaria y socio/cultural. Las producciones elaboradas permiten evaluar de manera positiva el dispositivo metodológico a partir de-l cual se caracterizó, como ejemplo, el paisaje alimentario “almuerzo” para toda la muestra y se compararon e identificaron diferencias entre dos perfiles alimentarios individuales. Rescatamos las nociones de paisaje y perfil alimentario, como reveladoras de identidad cultural, que nos permitieron describir las prácticas y contextos alimentarios de los sujetos de la muestra y el fuerte entramado entre lo biológico/sanitario y lo socio/cultural, pero también conjeturar sobre su correlato en lo familiar y comunitario. Consideramos que las modelizaciones que pudimos caracterizar son un insumo imprescindible para el desarrollo de futuras unidades didácticas que permitan a los estudiantes de la muestra, construir conocimientos para la toma de decisiones informadas en su vida cotidiana. Destacamos y valoramos la participación de los adolescentes como sujetos reflexivos y activos de esta investigación.
Growth, chlorophyll content and yield of maize and banana plants in an agroforestry system in Kisii County, Kenya
Authors: Wafula Dickrecious , Mutisya Musyimi David , Anyango Phoebe Sikuku 
Published: August 2023

Diverse tree species when employed in agroforestry systems may serve as an alternative to increasing soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. However, it is not clearly known how intercropping maize and banana with Sesbania sesban, Calliandra callothyrsus and Leucaena diversifolia may affect growth of maize and banana. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intercropping agroforestry trees species with maize and banana on the growth, chlorophyll content and yield of maize and banana. Field experiment was laid out at Kenya Agricultural Livestock and Research Organization farm (KALRO) located in Kisii County. The Williams varieties of banana of the same age were obtained from KALRO -Thika and Hybrid seed maize, H513 obtained from Kenya seed company, Kisumu. The agroforestry tree seedlings were spaced: 0.5m by 1m, 0.9m by 0.9m by 0.6m deep and 0.3m by 0.75m between banana and maize respectively. Three replicates were used with seven treatments of Pure maize, pure banana, maize-banana-Calliandra, maize-banana-Leucaena, maize-banana-sesbania, maize-banana and maize-fertilizer, all in a randomized complete block design. Data on maize growth and chlorophyll content was collected at intervals of 2 weeks which commenced 30 days after planting while yield was determined at the end of growing seasons. Data was subjected to the Analysis of Variance. Maize plants and banana that were intercropped with Sesbania sesban had significantly (P≤0.05) highest growth, chlorophyll content and yield compared to other treatments. Therefore, Sesbania sesban is recommended as a suitable agroforestry tree species for intercropping with maize and bananas.
An investigation of online teaching and lecturers' online teaching competence in Vietnam: A case study at universities of technology and education
Authors: Oanh Duong Thi Kim , Tuan Ngo Anh , Duong Pham Bach , Triet Nguyen Minh , Phuc Truong Quang 
Published: August 2023

The rapid digital transformation and the widespread influence of the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted higher education in Vietnam. This social setting fosters online teaching and lecturers’ online teaching competencies. The aim of this study is to investigate online teaching competence at two universities of technology and education in Vietnam through a survey. Based on a review of the literature, an online teaching competence scale for lecturers was developed and its validity and reliability were evaluated using exploratory component analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients with data from 311 lecturers at two public universities of technology and education. The online teaching competency scale for lecturers consists of 25 items organized into five component competencies: “Understanding student learning”, “online session administration”, “digital content development and learning facilitation”, “technology” and “online learning outcomes assessment”. With the exception of “technology”, the remaining component competencies were identified as good. Not only online teaching modes but also online teaching activities and productions were also deployed to maintain learning activities especially during the COVID-19 pandemic at two universities. Recommendations for developing lecturers' online teaching competence were also considered.
Horizontal Cleavage Meniscus Tears
Authors: Mallory Noah , Qin Charles , Gibbs David , Milliron Eric , Cavendish Parker , Magnussen Robert A. , Flanigan David C. 
Published: August 2023

» Accounting for up to 24% of all meniscus tears, horizontal cleavage tears (HCTs) are a common pathology orthopaedic practitioners should be comfortable managing.» Historically, HCTs were treated with partial meniscectomy; however, recent studies have demonstrated that these procedures have an adverse biomechanical effect, while HCT repairs restore the knee's natural biomechanics.» Indications for the surgical repair of HCTs remain disputed, but surgery is generally considered for young, active patients and older patients without significant concomitant osteoarthritis.» Early clinical findings surrounding HCT repair are promising. They suggest that this treatment adequately restores meniscus mechanics, leads to good knee functional outcomes, and results in a high likelihood of return to preinjury activity levels.
Editorial
Authors: Nallaya Shashi , Choi Julie , Ollerhead Sue 
Published: August 2023

The prevalence of technology in all aspects of life over the past few decades has dictated that schools prepare and equip students to live and work in a world where information is produced and disseminated rapidly. Schools have a further responsibility to train students to acquire critical digital literacy so that they can consciously and responsibly use technology not only for learning but also in all other spheres of their lives. This responsibility was further accentuated when the COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed the role of instructional technology in schools. Homes became classrooms and teachers had to find innovative ways to impart knowledge and engage learners, especially in language teaching and learning classrooms. This special issue comprises five research articles and three book reviews expounding on how teachers, guided by particular pedagogical principles, have chosen and employed different technological tools in their language teaching to inspire student learning.
The editors of this special issue, Dr Shashi Nallaya, Dr Julie Choi and Dr Sue Ollerhead would like to express their immense gratitude to the reviewers, editorial board members and journal coordinator Skye Playsted for their time, expertise and dedication in bringing this issue to fruition.