bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second-order homogenization of 3-D lattice materials towards strain gradient media: numerical modelling and experimental verification
Authors: Molavitabrizi Danial , Khakalo Sergei , Bengtsson Rhodel , Mousavi S. Mahmoud 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe literature in the field of higher-order homogenization is mainly focused on 2-D models aimed at composite materials, while it lacks a comprehensive model targeting 3-D lattice materials (with void being the inclusion) with complex cell topologies. For that, a computational homogenization scheme based on Mindlin (type II) strain gradient elasticity theory is developed here. The model is based on variational formulation with periodic boundary conditions, implemented in the open-source software FreeFEM to fully characterize the effective classical elastic, coupling, and gradient elastic matrices in lattice materials. Rigorous mathematical derivations based on equilibrium equations and Hill–Mandel lemma are provided, resulting in the introduction of macroscopic body forces and modifications in gradient elasticity tensors which eliminate the spurious gradient effects in the homogeneous material. The obtained homogenized classical and strain gradient elasticity matrices are positive definite, leading to a positive macroscopic strain energy density value—an important criterion that sometimes is overlooked. The model is employed to study the size effects in 2-D square and 3-D cubic lattice materials. For the case of 3-D cubic material, the model is verified using full-field simulations, isogeometric analysis, and experimental three-point bending tests. The results of computational homogenization scheme implemented through isogeometric simulations show a good agreement with full-field simulations and mechanical tests. The developed model is generic and can be used to derive the effective second-grade continuum for any 3-D architectured material with arbitrary geometry. However, the identification of the proper type of generalized continua for the mechanical analysis of different cell architectures is yet an open question.
Risk preference and entrepreneurial investment at the top of the wealth distribution
Authors: Fossen Frank M. , König Johannes , Schröder Carsten 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present evidence on how individual risk preferences are related to entrepreneurial investment among the wealthy. To do so, we use novel survey data from the top of the wealth distribution, which have been fully integrated into the 2019 German Socio-economic Panel Study. The data include private wealth balance sheets, in particular the value of own private business assets, and a standard measure of risk tolerance. We find that wealthy individuals are more likely to be entrepreneurs and invest a larger share of their wealth in their own businesses when they are more willing to take risks. A comparison with less wealthy individuals reveals that these associations are stronger among the wealthy. Since the wealthy dominate aggregate risky investment, their extraordinarily high preference for risk and its link to entrepreneurial activity should be taken into account in theory development, empirical analysis, and the design of public policies influencing the riskiness of income and wealth such as progressive taxation.
Influence of non-osteoporotic treatments in patients on active anti-osteoporotic therapy: evidence from the OSTEOMED registry
Authors: Coco-Martín María Begoña , Leal-Vega Luis , Blázquez-Cabrera José Antonio , Navarro Amalia , Moro María Jesús , Arranz-García Francisca , Amérigo María José , Sosa-Henríquez Manuel , Vázquez María Ángeles , Montoya María José , Díaz-Curiel Manuel , Olmos José Manuel , Ruiz-Mambrilla Marta , Filgueira-Rubio José , Pérez-Castrillón José Luis ,   on behalf of the OSTEOMED Group, Filgueira-Rubio José , Hernández-de Sosa Nerea , Calero-Bernal María Luz , Armengol-Sucarrats Dolors , de Escalante-Yanguas Begoña , Miranda-Díaz Cristina , Miranda-García María José , Giner-García Mercedes , Jareño-Chaumel Julia , Cotos-Canca Rafael , Hernández José Luis , Rodero-Hernández Francisco Javier , Sánchez-Molini Pilar , Aguado-Caballero José María , Cobeta-García Juan Carlos , Tirado-Miranda Raimundo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of different non-osteoporotic drugs on the increase or decrease in the risk of incident fragility fractures (vertebral, humerus or hip) in a cohort of patients diagnosed with osteoporosis on active anti-osteoporotic therapy.

Methods
For this retrospective longitudinal study, baseline and follow-up data on prescribed non-osteoporotic treatments and the occurrence of vertebral, humerus or hip fractures in 993 patients from the OSTEOMED registry were analyzed using logistic regression models. The drugs evaluated with a possible beneficial effect were thiazides and statins, while the drugs evaluated with a possible harmful effect were antiandrogens, aromatase inhibitors, proton pump inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, GnRH agonists, thyroid hormones, and oral and inhaled corticosteroids.

Results
Logistic regression analyses indicated that no treatment significantly improved fracture risk, with the only treatments that significantly worsened fracture risk being letrozole (OR = 0.18, p-value = 0.03) and oral corticosteroids at doses ≤ 5 mg/day (OR = 0.16, p-value = 0.03) and > 5 mg/day (OR = 0.27, p-value = 0.04).

Conclusion
The potential beneficial or detrimental effects of the different drugs evaluated on fracture risk are masked by treatment with anabolic or antiresorptive drugs that have a more potent action on bone metabolism, with two exceptions: letrozole and oral corticosteroids. These findings may have important clinical implications, as patients receiving these treatments are not fully protected by bisphosphonates, which may imply the need for more potent anti-osteoporotic drugs such as denosumab or teriparatide.
Deciphering the immune reaction leading to spontaneous melanoma regression: initial role of MHCII+ CD163− macrophages
Authors: Blanc Fany , Bertho Nicolas , Piton Guillaume , Leplat Jean-Jacques , Egidy Giorgia , Bourneuf Emmanuelle , Vincent-Naulleau Silvia , Prévost-Blondel Armelle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe human cutaneous metastatic melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer. Partial, or less frequently complete spontaneous regressions could be observed, mainly mediated by T cells. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms are not fully unraveled. We investigated the first events of the immune response related to cancer regression in Melanoma-bearing Libechov Minipigs (MeLiM), a unique swine model of cutaneous melanoma that regresses spontaneously. Using a multiparameter flow cytometry strategy and integrating new clinical and histological criteria of the regression, we show that T cells and B cells are present only in the late stages, arguing against their role in the initial destruction of malignant cells. NK cells infiltrate the tumors before T cells and therefore might be involved in the induction of the regression process. Myeloid cells represent the main immune population within the tumor microenvironment regardless of the regression stage. Among those, MHCII+ CD163− macrophages that differ phenotypically and functionally compared to other tumor-associated macrophages, increase in number together with the first signs of regression suggesting their crucial contribution to initiating the regression process. Our study supports the importance of macrophage reprogramming in humans to improve current immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma.
Unifying incidence and prevalence under a time-varying general branching process
Authors: Pakkanen Mikko S. , Miscouridou Xenia , Penn Matthew J. , Whittaker Charles , Berah Tresnia , Mishra Swapnil , Mellan Thomas A. , Bhatt Samir 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRenewal equations are a popular approach used in modelling the number of new infections, i.e., incidence, in an outbreak. We develop a stochastic model of an outbreak based on a time-varying variant of the Crump–Mode–Jagers branching process. This model accommodates a time-varying reproduction number and a time-varying distribution for the generation interval. We then derive renewal-like integral equations for incidence, cumulative incidence and prevalence under this model. We show that the equations for incidence and prevalence are consistent with the so-called back-calculation relationship. We analyse two particular cases of these integral equations, one that arises from a Bellman–Harris process and one that arises from an inhomogeneous Poisson process model of transmission. We also show that the incidence integral equations that arise from both of these specific models agree with the renewal equation used ubiquitously in infectious disease modelling. We present a numerical discretisation scheme to solve these equations, and use this scheme to estimate rates of transmission from serological prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK and historical incidence data on Influenza, Measles, SARS and Smallpox.
Existence of Almost Greedy Bases in Mixed-Norm Sequence and Matrix Spaces, Including Besov Spaces
Authors: Albiac Fernando , Ansorena José L. , Bello Glenier , Wojtaszczyk Przemysław 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe prove that the sequence spaces $$\ell _p\oplus \ell _q$$

ℓ
p

⊕

ℓ
q

and the spaces of infinite matrices $$\ell _p(\ell _q)$$

ℓ
p

(

ℓ
q

)

, $$\ell _q(\ell _p)$$

ℓ
q

(

ℓ
p

)

and $$(\bigoplus _{n=1}^\infty \ell _p^n)_{\ell _q}$$

(

⨁

n
=
1

∞

ℓ
p
n

)

ℓ
q

, which are isomorphic to certain Besov spaces, have an almost greedy basis whenever $$0<p<1<q<\infty $$

0
<
p
<
1
<
q
<
∞

. More precisely, we custom-build almost greedy bases in such a way that the Lebesgue parameters grow in a prescribed manner. Our arguments critically depend on the extension of the Dilworth–Kalton–Kutzarova method from Dilworth et al. (Stud Math 159(1):67–101, 2003), which was originally designed for constructing almost greedy bases in Banach spaces, to make it valid for direct sums of mixed-normed spaces with nonlocally convex components. Additionally, we prove that the fundamental functions of all almost greedy bases of these spaces grow as $$(m^{1/q})_{m=1}^\infty $$

(

m

1
/
q

)

m
=
1

∞

.
The co-existence of peripheral and vestibular neuropathy in diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahalingasivam Aksayan Arunanthy , Jespersen Asger Krohn , Ejskjaer Niels , Hougaard Dan Dupont , Vestergaard Peter , Rasmussen Nicklas Højgaard-Hessellund , Røikjer Johan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Diabetic neuropathy can lead to decreased peripheral sensation and motor neuron dysfunction associated with impaired postural control and risk of falling. However, the relationship between decreased peripheral sensation and impaired vestibular function in diabetes mellitus is poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between peripheral and autonomic measurements of diabetic neuropathy and measurements of vestibular function.

Methods
A total of 114 participants with type 1 diabetes (n = 52), type 2 diabetes (n = 51) and controls (n = 11) were included. Vestibular function was evaluated by video head impulse testing. Peripheral neuropathy was assessed by quantitative sensory testing and nerve conduction. Autonomic neuropathy using the COMPASS 31 questionnaire. Data were analyzed according to data type and distribution.

Results
Measurements of vestibular function did not differ between participants with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes or controls (all p-values above 0.05). Subgrouping of participants according to the involvement of large-, small- or autonomic nerves did not change this outcome. Correlation analyses showed a significant difference between COMPASS 31 and right lateral gain value (ρ = 0.23, p = 0.02,), while no other significant correlations were found.

Conclusion
Diabetic neuropathy does not appear to impair vestibular function in diabetes, by means of the VOR.

Clinical trials
NCT05389566, May 25th, 2022.
A network meta-analysis of efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Dong Shimeng , Schneider-Thoma Johannes , Bighelli Irene , Siafis Spyridon , Wang Dongfang , Burschinski Angelika , Schestag Kristina , Samara Myrto , Leucht Stefan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
Clozapine is considered as the standard treatment for this subgroup, but the evidence is not unequivocal. There are several potential alternatives being used because of the possible adverse effects of clozapine. We aimed to examine the efficacy and adverse events of different antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia by performing a network meta-analysis.

Methods
We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group register for randomized-controlled trials (up to March 06, 2022) and MEDLINE (up to January 20, 2023). We included blinded and open studies and participants with a broad definition of treatment resistance. The primary outcome was overall symptoms of schizophrenia; secondary outcomes were response to treatment, positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, discontinuation, side effects, quality of life, and functioning. The study was registered in Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/9nf2y/).

Results
We included 60 studies involving 6838 participants in the network meta-analysis. In the primary outcome, clozapine and olanzapine were more efficacious than risperidone, haloperidol, fluphenazine, sertindole, chlorpromazine, and quetiapine (range of mean SMDs, − 0.11 to − 0.48). The difference between clozapine and olanzapine was trivial and uncertain (SMD − 0.05, 95% CI, − 0.21 to 0.11). The result of other efficacy outcomes as well as subgroup and sensitivity analyses were consistent with the primary analysis. Clozapine and olanzapine were associated with more weight gain, and clozapine was associated with more sedation events compared to many other antipsychotics.

Conclusions
Clozapine remains the gold standard for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Olanzapine seems to be second-best and could be tried before switching to clozapine.
Neurological symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination: a report on the clinical presentation of the first 50 patients
Authors: Gerhard Ameli , Raeder Vanessa , Pernice Helena Franziska , Boesl Fabian , Schroeder Maria , Richter Jonathan , Endres Matthias , Prüß Harald , Hahn Katrin , Audebert Heinrich J. , Franke Christiana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Neurological symptoms associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination were discovered in the context of billions of administered vaccine doses. The clinical manifestations often resemble post Coronavirus Disease 2019 (post-COVID-19) syndrome (PCS) features and may be considered as post-COVID-19 vaccine syndrome (PVS). Data regarding frequency, severity and pathophysiological mechanisms are scarce.

Methods
We assessed routine clinical examinations in 50 patients reporting new-onset neurological symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, including neurological examination, laboratory and electrophysiology tests, as well as self-report questionnaires measuring fatigue, depressive symptoms, anxiety, risk of somatic symptom disorder, and health-related quality of life. Patients were included when symptoms occurred after confirmed COVID-19 vaccination and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and if no alternative diagnosis was found to explain the symptoms.

Results
The most frequently reported symptoms were paraesthesia (56%), fatigue (46%) and cognitive impairment (36%). Neurological, routine laboratory, and electrophysiological examinations did not yield distinct pathological findings. Neuropsychological testing of a subgroup revealed deficits in attention, executive function and memory.

Discussion
The spectrum of clinical manifestations post-vaccination poses a substantial overlap with PCS symptoms. As no pathological findings were obtained in routine diagnostics, uncertainty remains about the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and requires further investigation beyond routine work-up.
An unusual cause of chronic neuropathic pain: report of a case of multiple intradural spinal arachnoid cysts and review of the literature
Authors: El-Hajj Victor Gabriel , Edström Erik , Elmi-Terander Adrian , Fletcher-Sandersjöö Alexander 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpinal arachnoid cysts (SACs) arise either intra- or extradurally and are usually solitary, while cases of multiple SACs have been scarcely reported in the literature. Herein, we report on a rare case of multiple and recurring intradural spinal arachnoid cysts (SACs) causing severe spinal cord compression and neuropathic radicular pain, in a 35-year-old female with a 10-year follow-up. Two separate attempts at surgery were performed but only provided temporary relief since the cysts recurred and new ones formed along the entirety of the spinal cord. Finally, a conservative approach with physiotherapy and a combination of analgesic medications was pursued.
Amino acids, post-translational modifications, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress in serum and urine of long COVID and ex COVID human subjects
Authors: Mikuteit Marie , Baskal Svetlana , Klawitter Sandra , Dopfer-Jablonka Alexandra , Behrens Georg M. N. , Müller Frank , Schröder Dominik , Klawonn Frank , Steffens Sandra , Tsikas Dimitrios 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the status of amino acids, their post-translational modifications (PTM), major nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in serum and urine samples of long COVID (LoCo, n = 124) and ex COVID (ExCo, n = 24) human subjects collected in 2022. Amino acids and metabolites were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) methods using stable-isotope labelled analogs as internal standards. There were no differences with respect to circulating and excretory arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). LoCo participants excreted higher amounts of guanidino acetate than ExCo participants (17.8 ± 10.4 µM/mM vs. 12.6 ± 8.86 µM/mM, P = 0.005). By contrast, LoCo participants excreted lower amounts of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) NG-carboxyethylarginine (CEA) than ExCo participants did (0.675 ± 0.781 µM/mM vs. 1.16 ± 2.04 µM/mM, P = 0.0326). The serum concentrations of MDA did not differ between the groups, indicating no elevated oxidative stress in LoCo or ExCo. The serum concentration of nitrite was lower in LoCo compared to ExCo (1.96 ± 0.92 µM vs. 2.56 ± 1.08 µM; AUC, 0.718), suggesting altered NO synthesis in the endothelium. The serum concentration of nitrite correlated inversely with the symptom anxiety (r = − 0.293, P = 0.0003). The creatinine-corrected urinary excretion of Lys and its metabolite L-5-hydroxy-Lys correlated positively with COVID toes (r = 0.306, P = 0.00027) and sore throat (r = 0.302, P = 0.0003). Our results suggest that amino acid metabolism, PTM and oxidative stress are not severely affected in long COVID. LoCo participants may have a lower circulating NO reservoir than ExCo.
Numerical simulation of spatial temperature and salinity distribution in the Waiwera geothermal reservoir, New Zealand
Authors: Kempka Thomas , Kühn Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe geothermal reservoir in Waiwera was not sustainably managed for many decades. Hence, the responsible authority introduced a water management concept, whereby various independent models were developed and calibrated using observations. As these models were not yet able to reproduce all observations, constant model revisions are critical for efficient reservoir management. Results of a recent field campaign were used for the current model revision, considering two new main structural geological findings to reconstruct the natural reservoir state. Our simulation results demonstrate that a recently proven north-south trending fault in the study area plays a key role in improving the model. Further analysis suggests the presence of a not yet confirmed additional west-east aligned geologic fault in the north, since thermal convection is observed inland. Additional field campaigns are needed to acquire more information on the main geological fault zones as well as additional data on temperature and salinity distributions.
Assessment and comparison of probability scores to predict giant cell arteritis
Authors: Sargi Chadi , Ducharme-Benard Stephanie , Benard Valerie , Meunier Rosalie-Selene , Ross Carolyn , Makhzoum Jean-Paul 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction/objectives
To assess and compare the performance of the giant cell arteritis probability score (GCAPS), Ing score, Bhavsar-Khalidi score (BK score), color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) halo count, and halo score, to predict a final diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Method
A prospective cohort study was conducted from April to December 2021. Patients with suspected new-onset GCA referred to our quaternary CDUS clinic were included. Data required to calculate each clinical and CDUS probability score was systematically collected at the initial visit. Final diagnosis of GCA was confirmed clinically 6 months after the initial visit, by two blinded vasculitis specialists. Diagnostic accuracy and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves for each clinical and CDUS prediction scores were assessed.

Results
Two hundred patients with suspected new-onset GCA were included: 58 with confirmed GCA and 142 without GCA. All patients with GCA satisfied the 2022 ACR/EULAR classification criteria. A total of 5/15 patients with GCA had a positive temporal artery biopsy. For clinical probability scores, the GCAPS showed the best sensitivity (Se, 0.983), whereas the BK score showed the best specificity (Sp, 0.711). As for CDUS, a halo count of 1 or more was found to have a Se of 0.966 and a Sp of 0.979. Combining concordant results of clinical and CDUS prediction scores showed excellent performance in predicting a final diagnosis of GCA.

Conclusion
Using a combination of clinical score and CDUS halo count provided an accurate GCA prediction method which should be used in the setting of GCA Fast-Track clinics.

Key Points• In this prospective cohort of participants with suspected GCA, 3 clinical prediction tools and 2 ultrasound scores were compared head-to-head to predict a final diagnosis of GCA.• For clinical prediction tools, the giant cell arteritis probability score (GCAPS) had the highest sensitivity, whereas the Bhavsar-Khalidi score (BK score) had the highest specificity.• Ultrasound halo count was both sensitive and specific in predicting GCA.• Combination of a clinical prediction tool such as the GCAPS, with ultrasound halo count, provides an accurate method to predict GCA.