bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence in complex networks of simple agents
Authors: Green David G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPatterns and processes emerge unbidden in complex systems when many simple entities interact. This overview emphasizes the role of networks in emergence, notably network topology, modules, motifs, critical phase changes, networks of networks and dual-phase evolution. Several driving mechanisms are examined, including percolation, entrainment, and feedback. The account also outlines some of the modelling paradigms and methods used to study emergence, and presents cases to show how emergence occurs, and its implications in economics and other real-world contexts.
Cardiovascular risk in rare diseases: a prognostic stratification model in a cohort of sarcoidosis patients
Authors: Rizzi Luigi , Coppola Chiara , Cocco Veronica , Sabbà Carlo , Suppressa Patrizia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSarcoidosis is a rare granulomatous disease that can affect any organ; as other chronic diseases, it leads to increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular (CV) disease. The aim of our observational study was to define a prognostic stratification model of sarcoidosis patients based on the evaluation of CV risk through common carotid Doppler ultrasound and cardiovascular risk scores assessment; for this reason, a clinical phenotyping of sarcoidosis patients in four subgroups was done, based on the different organ involvement. A cohort of 53 sarcoidosis patients and a cohort of 48 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Results showed that CV risk was higher in sarcoidosis cohort than in the control group when evaluated through CV risk scores and Doppler parameters: peak-systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were significantly lower in sarcoidosis cohort (p = 0.045 and p = 0.017, respectively), whereas intima media thickness (IMT) showed higher values in sarcoidosis group than in controls (p = 0.016). The analysis of sarcoidosis phenotypes showed no significative differences of CV risk among them when CV risk scores were considered, while partial differences emerged by evaluating subclinical atherosclerosis. Results also highlighted a relationship between CV risk score and carotid Doppler ultrasound parameters: EDV showed an inverse correlation with Framingham score (R = − 0.275, p = 0.004), whereas IMT showed a direct one (R = 0.429; p = 0.001); furthermore, an inverse correlation between PSV and EDV and illness duration (R = − 0.298, p = 0.030 and R = − 0.406, p = 0.002, respectively) was found, so suggesting a higher CV risk in patients with a longer story of disease.
Why do people (not) energy renovate their homes? Insights from qualitative interviews with Danish homeowners
Authors: Mogensen Ditte , Gram-Hanssen Kirsten 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlobal climate changes and the need for transition to a low-carbon future have emerged as one of the most critical challenges of contemporary society, and decisions made by homeowners about major energy relevant renovations are essential as part of reaching climate goals. However, the installation of energy efficiency measures is still not widespread and needs to be stimulated to meet the goals set out in the Paris Agreement. This article provides insights into renovation processes by Danish homeowners currently being in the process of renovating their homes. Data were collected through 19 explorative qualitative interviews in the informants’ homes. By using practice theory as an analytical framework, we seek to broaden the traditional policy approach of rational actors by contributing with a broader and more context-rich understanding of homeowners’ renovation processes and how, or not, energy renovation is part of such processes. The results show that home renovation is a dynamic process that is not always carefully planned or intended, but rather evolves as technologies, know-how, and meanings develop and change. Specific challenges for energy renovation are identified concerning its perceived benefits, complexities, policy conditions, and associated meanings. The challenges of energy renovation are researched in context of other types of home renovations that are often implemented at the same time, but which differ fundamentally. Based on systematic evidence of the challenges and implementation context of energy renovation, recommendations for initiatives relevant to stimulate in policy and marketing are provided.
The Association Between Pornography Consumption and Perceived Realism in Adolescents: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Gunnoo Adam , Powell Christopher 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPornography is more accessible than ever before, which raises questions concerning its influence on adolescent sexual behaviours. Recent research has identified perceived realism of pornography—the extent to which an individual perceives pornographic content as being congruent with reality—to be a potentially significant individual difference variable in this domain. However, the strength of this relationship remains uncertain. Focus is placed on this association for adolescents as sexual curiosity and maturing sexual scripts may be more readily influenced by pornography. The present study addressed this association through a meta-analysis. Database searches identified k = 5 studies (N = 3846) from various countries with relevant associations.The meta-analysis indicated a significant, moderate, and positive relationship between frequency of pornography consumption and perceived realism (r = .39) which was not moderated by the sex of participants. Given these findings, future research may assess behavioural and attitudinal changes associated with pornography use. Findings could also inform novel approaches to sexual education that prioritise recontextualising programs in the context of technology and explore the role of digital sexual socialisation of adolescents.
Optimal Design of Sensors via Geometric Criteria
Authors: Ftouhi Ilias , Zuazua Enrique 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider a convex set $$\Omega $$
Ω
and look for the optimal convex sensor $$\omega \subset \Omega $$

ω
⊂
Ω

of a given measure that minimizes the maximal distance to the points of $$\Omega .$$

Ω
.

This problem can be written as follows $$\begin{aligned} \inf \{d^H(\omega ,\Omega ) \ |\ |\omega |=c\ \text {and}\ \omega \subset \Omega \}, \end{aligned}$$

inf
{

d
H

(
ω
,
Ω
)

|

|
ω
|
=
c

and

ω
⊂
Ω
}
,

where $$c\in (0,|\Omega |),$$

c
∈
(
0
,
|
Ω
|
)
,

$$d^H$$

d
H

being the Hausdorff distance. We show that the parametrization via the support functions allows us to formulate the geometric optimal shape design problem as an analytic one. By proving a judicious equivalence result, the shape optimization problem is approximated by a simpler minimization problem of a quadratic function under linear constraints. We then present some numerical results and qualitative properties of the optimal sensors and exhibit an unexpected symmetry breaking phenomenon.
Formal Modeling of Innovative Competition in a Production System — an Evolutionary Approach
Authors: Cialowicz Beata 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRelationships between innovations and competition are the main bases of an evolutionary approach to economic development. Innovation is recognized as a major force to achieve success in an intensively competitive environment, and competition is an essential element of the coordination mechanism required for economic changes to be successfully brought about. One of the first who well explore these relationships was Schumpeter. The idea that innovative competition may improve the positions of some groups of economic agents involved in the evolutionary processes is rooted within the neo-Schumpeterian research program. It suggests that the price mechanism typical for the routine behavior of agents should be replaced by a qualitative one to take into account the structural changes of an economy based on innovative and competitive processes as drivers of economic evolution. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to give a new setting of the phenomenon of innovative competition. This problem relates to the classification of different kinds of innovations and diversification among innovators. Moreover, two major concepts of competition are studied: the classical concept in which competition is viewed as a dynamic process and the neoclassical one in which competition is an end state of the evolutionary processes.
Public commentary on teacher quality: an analysis of media comment on the teaching performance assessment
Authors: Pendergast Donna , Exley Beryl , Hoyte Frances 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn Australia, the Teaching Performance Assessment (TPA) is a relatively new, mandatory hurdle which must be completed just prior to the graduation stage of initial teacher education (ITE) programmes. This high-stakes task is one of a growing number of requirements to come out of the standards and accountability regime as outlined in the Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership (AITSL) document for accreditation for ITE programmes. We delve into the public commentary about the broader commission of preservice and graduate teacher quality in general and the TPA in particular. We draw on Bernstein’s pedagogic identities and deductively apply this theory to explore this phenomenon. We use a data set of publicly available legacy media and social media tweets made over a ten-month period from August 2019 to May 2020 to reveal the focus, inherent bias and pedagogic identities promoted by these public discourses. The paper concludes with discussion about the implications of these drivers on the public perception of quality in ITE and on the status of teaching more broadly.
Sprache im Physikunterricht – Welche Orientierungen zeigen angehende Physiklehrkräfte?
Authors: Strunk Nadezda , Höttecke Dietmar 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungVerstehen und Lernen von fachlichen Inhalten im Physikunterricht hängen eng mit dem Verstehen von Sprache zusammen, wie sie im Unterricht gebraucht wird. Von Physiklehrkräften wird daher erwartet, dass sie ihren Unterricht sprachexplizit gestalten. Bei der Unterrichtsgestaltung greifen Lehrkräfte im Unterricht häufig auf bereits vorhandene, überwiegend implizite Wissensbestände zurück, die sich wesentlich im Laufe der eigenen Schulzeit entwickelt haben. Im Fokus der vorliegenden Studie steht daher die Rekonstruktion von solchen impliziten erfahrungsbasierten Wissensbeständen bzw. Orientierungen, die das Handeln der Physiklehrkräfte im Unterricht beeinflussen können. Im Rahmen eines explorativen Designs wurden leitfadengestützte Interviews mit angehenden Physiklehrkräften geführt. Das Interviewmaterial wurde mithilfe der Dokumentarischen Methode analysiert, mit dem Ziel, Orientierungen herauszuarbeiten, die im Umgang mit Sprache im Physikunterricht handlungsleitend wirken können. Zudem wurden als Ergebnisse einer relationalen Typenbildung Zusammenhänge von mehreren Orientierungen herausgearbeitet.Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass das Thema Sprache bzw. Sprachförderung im Sample in Bezug auf Heterogenität von Lerngruppen sowie als Bearbeiten administrativ-normativer Vorgaben behandelt wird. Weitere Orientierungen, die das Handeln von Physiklehrkräften in Bezug auf Sprache strukturieren, sind eigene Wirksamkeit, Rahmung des Unterrichts im Hinblick auf Lehrer- bzw. Schülerperspektive sowie Umgang mit Vorgaben im Allgemeinen. Die Ergebnisse der relationalen Typenbildung werden in Form von vier relationalen Typen vorgestellt: ‚Eigene Rolle suchende Lehrkraft‘, ‚unhinterfragt annehmende Lehrkraft‘, ‚reflektiert-gestaltende Lehrkraft‘ und ‚idealistische Lehrkraft‘. Im Hinblick auf die Ergebnisse vermuten wir, dass die wahrgenommene Fachkultur des Physikunterrichts Berufswahlentscheidungen bereits in der eigenen Schulzeit beeinflusst und der jeweilige Umgang mit Normen und Anforderungen das Lehrerhandeln der Physiklehrkräfte nicht nur im Bereich eines sprachexpliziten Physikunterrichts, sondern allgemein im Umgang mit unterrichtlichen Innovationen prägt.
A new hydro-mechanical coupling constitutive model for brittle rocks considering initial compaction, hardening and softening behaviors under complex stress states
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Su Hao , Wang Wei , Wang Zhechao , Liu Zaobao , He Benguo , Mei Guoxiong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAfter the excavation of underground engineering, the failure and instability of surrounding rock under hydro-mechanical coupling conditions is a common type of engineering disaster. However, the hydro-mechanical coupling mechanical characteristics of rock have not been fully revealed, and suitable models for the stability analysis of surrounding rock under hydro-mechanical coupling conditions are very scarce. Therefore, a series of triaxial compression and cyclic loading and unloading hydro-mechanical coupling tests were carried out to study the mechanical characteristics, deformation and mechanical parameters of rock under different confining pressures and pore pressures. Then, based on Biot’s effective stress principle, a hydro-mechanical coupling damage constitutive model within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics was proposed to describe the initial compaction effect, pre-peak hardening and post-peak softening behaviors. The functional relationships between the proposed model key parameters (η and ζ) and the effective stress were established to characterize the pre- and post-peak nonlinear behaviors of rock. A compaction function Ck for the evolution of the undamaged Young’s modulus in initial compaction stage was introduced to characterize the pre-peak compaction effect. A user-defined material subroutine (UMAT) was compiled in ABAQUS to numerically implemented the proposed model. The numerical simulation results are highly consistent with the test results, the proposed model can also predict the hydro-mechanical coupling characteristics of rock under untested stress levels. In addition, the yield function of the proposed model considers the influence of intermediate principal stress, which is also suitable for the simulation of hydro-mechanical coupling characteristics under true triaxial stress states.
Graphical abstract
Intelligente Spezialisierung in der brandenburgischen Lausitz – eine Fallstudie
Authors: Zundel Stefan , Nagel Marius 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIntelligente Spezialisierung ist eine politische Handlungsempfehlung, die seit mehreren Jahren die Regionalpolitik der Europäischen Union bestimmt. Der Just Transition Fund, der die Transformation in den Kohleregionen der EU erleichtern soll, erfordert einen Just Transition Plan, der ebenfalls auf dem Konzept der intelligenten Spezialisierung aufbaut. Die Empfehlung basiert auf der Annahme, dass sich auch in peripheren und wirtschaftlich schwachen Regionen endogene Entwicklungspotentiale finden, die sich durch eine geschickte regionale Förderung, die auf diese Eigenheiten abstellt, entwickeln lassen. Die empirischen Befunde in dieser Fallstudie zur Lausitz zeigen, dass jenseits des Energiebereiches in der Lausitz keine wirtschaftlichen oder innovativen Potenziale im Sinne kritischer Massen vorhanden sind, auf die sich zwanglos aufbauen ließe. Potenziale ergeben sich hingegen durch überregionale Arbeitsteilung, durch den Aufbau kritischer Massen in der Forschung, die Unternehmen in die Region ziehen können, und die Adressierung regionaler Problemlagen wie zum Beispiel einer prekären Daseinsvorsorge im Gefolge der demografischen Entleerung der Region. Endogene Entwicklungspotentiale im Sinne innovativer KMU gibt es; sie dürften allein allerdings nicht ausreichend für eine Kompensation der wegfallenden Arbeitsplätze in der Braunkohleverstromung sein.
Psychological Flow Training: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of an Educational Intervention on Flow
Authors: Norsworthy Cameron , Dimmock James A. , Nicholas Joanna , Krause Amanda , Jackson Ben 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite there being an increasing number of applied flow studies across scientific disciplines, there exists no consistent or broadly applicable intervention to promote flow experiences. This study provides a detailed account of a new educational flow training program developed following recent advancements in the flow literature that have provided a more parsimonious understanding of flow experiences and antecedents. Guided by CONSORT guidelines for feasibility trials, we conducted a single-group, non-randomized feasibility trial of an educational flow training program (N = 26). We assessed participant retention, perceptions about and experiences of the program, perceptions about the flow education training, and preliminary assessments of flow as an outcome. Results broadly supported program feasibility, and participants reported positive experiences in, and perceptions of, program components. In terms of preliminary efficacy, we observed evidence of noteworthy change pre-to-post-program in flow (d = 0.84), performance (d = 0.81), competence (d = 0.96), well-being (d = 0.68), intrinsic motivation (d = 0.47), interest (d = 0.72), choice (d = 0.38), stress (d = -1.08), ability to handle stress (d = 0.74), and anxiety (d = − 0.86). These results provide preliminary evidence that it may be possible to ‘train’ flow in line with recent perspectives on a core three-dimensional flow experience (and antecedents). The study has developed a research foundation for flow intervention “curriculum” and quality standards, and for measuring results. It offers a foundation for the implementation of a larger-scale program.
The Importance of STEM Sense of Belonging and Academic Hope in Enhancing Persistence for Low-Income, Underrepresented STEM Students
Authors: Hansen Michele J. , Palakal Mathew J. , White Le’Joy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this longitudinal investigation was to examine the effectiveness of a comprehensive, integrated curricular and co-curricular program designed to build community, provide academic and social support, and promote engagement in academically purposeful activities resulting in more equitable environments for historically underrepresented, low-income science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) information technology (IT) students. The study also focused on the role that the sense of belonging and academic hope play in enhancing persistence to degree completion. Program participants had significantly higher persistence rates compared to a matched comparison group. Additionally, STEM-specific belonging and academic hope significantly predicted students’ intentions to persist to degree completion in IT. A major finding was that STEM domain–specific belonging was a stronger predictor of persistence than general belonging. Our investigation has implications for the role that cohort-based programs, industry engagement, peer mentoring, proactive advising, undergraduate research opportunities, career preparation, and leveraging need-based financial aid play in ensuring equity in STEM.
What is the impact of a pre-hospital geriatrician led telephone ‘Silver Triage’ for older people living with frailty?
Authors: Jones H. T. , Teranaka W. , Hunter P. , Gross L. , Conroy S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Most older people are conveyed to hospital via ambulance, therefore presenting a focus to reduce hospitalisation. North Central London has introduced ‘Silver Triage’, a pre-hospital telephone support scheme where geriatricians support the London Ambulance Service with clinical decision-making.

Methods
Data from the first 14 months was analysed descriptively.

Results
There have been 452 Silver Triage cases (November 2021 to January 2023). 80% resulted in a decision to not convey. The mode clinical frailty scale (CFS) was 6. CFS did not influence conveyance rates. Prior to triage, paramedics thought hospitalisation was not required in 44% of cases (n = 72/165). All paramedics surveyed (n = 176) would use the service again. Most (66%, n = 108/164) felt they learnt something and 16% (n = 27/164) reported it changed their decision-making process.

Conclusion
Silver Triage has the potential to improve the care of older people by preventing unnecessary hospitalisation and has been well received by paramedics.
Eco-friendly concrete with waste ceramic tile as coarse aggregate: mechanical strength, durability, and microstructural properties
Authors: Paul Suvash Chandra , Faruky Samrat Ashek Ullah , Babafemi Adewumi John , Miah Md Jihad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe drive towards circular economy in achieving sustainable concrete cannot be overemphasized. The recycling of waste tiles from the ceramic industry, demolished buildings, or during the construction process could be one way of solving the waste generated from ceramic tiles. This study investigates the use of waste ceramic tiles as coarse aggregates in concrete at replacement levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100% by weight of natural coarse aggregate. Concrete cylinders were cast and tested for compressive and splitting tensile strength after a curing period of 7, 14, and 28 days. Further, the durability of the concrete was investigated via water absorption and total permeable pore volumes in all the concrete mixes. The results indicate that the strength of concrete decreases as the percentage of waste ceramic tile aggregate increases. However, adding 10% tile aggregate in concrete seems acceptable as the strength reduction was relatively low. The water absorption and voids increase as waste ceramic tile aggregate increases. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to investigate the statistical significance of the waste ceramic tile aggregate on the properties tested. Artificial neural network (ANN) was also performed to predict the compressive strength of ceramic tile concrete. Based on the outcomes, it is recommended to use 10–20% of waste tile aggregate in concrete production where design compressive strength is less than 20 MPa, which can also reduce the demand for new aggregate, reduce the cost of the project, save the dumping issue, and protect the environment.
Experimental research and effect on mechanical and wear properties of aluminium based composites reinforced with Zn/Sic particles
Authors: Sonker Puneet Kumar , Singh Thingujam Jackson , Yadav Niteesh Pratap 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this investigation, Al-/Zn/SiC composite with various weight percentages of SiC were manufactured via powder metallurgy (PM) route. Using the powder metallurgy approach, composites are created by changing the amount of SiC in the range of 5–15% by weight respectively. Under fretting wear test, the tribological characteristics of these composite materials were examined at load (5N, 10N, 15N), constant control parameters like that of frequency (20 Hz), temperature (at room temperature), stroke length (0.50 mm) and time (20 min). The test findings showed that compared to the unreinforced alloy the SiC-reinforced aluminium hybrid matrix composites (AHMC’s) showed a lower wear loss (i.e. 0.002 gm). It was found that friction coefficient of Al/5%Zn/10%Sic composites reduced with increasing applied load. Additionally, with an increase in the SiC content, the mechanical properties i.e. Tensile Strength and Hardness of fabricated composite increases compared to the base material. This study showed that the wear resistance of aluminium composites is greatly increased by the addition of both a synthetic reinforcement (i.e. Silicon Carbide) and a low melting point reinforcement (i.e. Zinc, 99%, −325 mesh). Overall, our findings show that AHMC’s might be regarded as a superior material in industries like aerospace and automotive engineering, where mechanical and wear properties play an important role.