bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fenugreek Seed Extract Regulates Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis and Proliferation via the PI3K/Akt/Cyclin D1 Pathway
Authors: Safarpour Samaneh , Mirzavi Farshad , Rahmani Farzad , Forouzanfar Fatemeh , Sadeghnia Hamid Reza , Mashkani Baratali , Hamidi Alamdari Daryoush , Soukhtanloo Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

The significance of angiogenesis in tumour progression has been widely documented. Hence, the identification of anti-angiogenic agents with fewer common side effects would be valuable in cancer therapy. In this study, we evaluated the anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative effects of a hydro-alcoholic extract of fenugreek seed (HAEF) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with various concentrations of HAEF and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was estimated by using the MTT assay. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and matrix metalloproteinase enzyme (MMP-2 and MMP-9) gene expression profiles were evaluated by using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Moreover, MMP activities and PI3K, Akt and cyclin D1 protein expression levels were evaluated by gel zymography and Western blotting, respectively. HAEF reduced HUVEC viability, with an IC50 value of 200 μg/ml. The qRT-PCR results demonstrated that treatment with HAEF markedly reduced MMP-2/MMP-9, VEGF and bFGF gene expression, as compared to the control group. We also found that MMP-2/MMP-9 enzyme activity and PI3K/Akt/cyclin D1 protein expression were notably decreased in cells treated with HAEF. Our results suggest that HAEF can potentially inhibit angiogenesis, and also affect cellular proliferation by targeting the PI3K/Akt/cyclin D1 pathway. Thus, fenugreek seed extract merits further investigation as a source of compounds with anti-cancer properties.
Economics, Sustainable Growth, and Community
Authors: Parker Kelly 
Published: June 2023

Sustainable growth is emerging as a normative concept in recent work in economics and environmental philosophy. This paper examines several kinds of growth, seeking to identify a sustainable form which could be adopted as normative for human society. The conceptions of growth expressed in standard economic theory, in the writings of John Dewey, and in population biology, each suggest particular accounts of how the lives of individuals and communities ought to be lived. I argue that, while absolute sustainablity is not possible, the latter two conceptions together suggest a regulative ideal of sustainable growth which is acceptable at the social level, and which encourages the development of genuine community.
Value, Metaphysics, and Anthropocentrism
Authors: Morito Bruce 
Published: June 2023

The lack of metaphysical grounding of environmental values, and impatience towards the enterprise of seeking such grounding, result in a superficial and wrongheaded view of anthropocentrism. Anthropocentrism is best understood as a limiting condition, a point from which we can begin to reformulate an understanding of ourselves, our values, and our relation to the environment. It is not principally a starting point for the existence of values, as is assumed under traditional theories of anthropocentrism. To demonstrate and elaborate on this position, the paper focuses on environmental values and how we traditionally assume them to be formed and legitimated. A critique of the analyses of two prominent figures in the field of environmental ethics, Bryan Norton and Eugene Hargrove, serves as the backdrop against which an alternative view is formed. This alternative is metaphysically grounded in an ecologically informed analysis of valuational activity. Against the tradition, the argument establishes two main points: 1) that attempts to ground environmental values on human preferences, agreements, traditions, or culturally driven commitments are liable to legitimate contrary values; and 2) that an ecologically driven analysis of values shows that valuations of the environment are not fundamentally conferred onto it by human beings. Positively, the paper attempts to show that our inclusion as members of the ecological community makes our valuational activity an integral and transformational element within more comprehensive ecological processes. As such, our moral commitment to the environment must be radically reshaped in order adequately to incorporate this renewed understanding.
Environmental Victims: Arguing the Costs
Authors: Williams Christopher 
Published: June 2023

The costs of anthropogenic environmental change are usually discussed in broad terms, for example embracing damage to the ecosystem or buildings. There has been little consideration of the direct human dimension –the cost to and of environmental victims – except in clinical terms. In order to prevent and minimise environmental victimisation it seems necessary to present cost arguments to governments and commerce. This paper outlines the personal, social and cash costs of environmental victimisation, using the psycho-social literature, and brief case studies of intellectual disability, road transport and cross-border pollution. It is proposed that governments and commerce might not respond in obvious ways to these cost arguments, but ‘trust’ is identified as a cost that both may recognise. It is concluded that the concept of loss-costs should be central to any analysis, and the paper provides a ‘Framework for comprehensive argument of the costs of environmental victimisation’, in the form of a simple matrix.
A longitudinal examination of mental health and marital functioning of mothers and fathers of autistic adolescents during COVID-19
Authors: Ekas Naomi V , Kouros Chrystyna D , Rigsby Brock A , Madison Sarah , Hymel Julianne , Filippi Maddy 
Published: June 2023

Parents, particularly mothers, of autistic children may be especially vulnerable to the negative effects of COVID-19. The current longitudinal study examined changes in psychological distress (anxiety, depression, stress) and marital functioning of mothers and fathers of autistic children across three time points between April and October 2020, and the extent to which pre-COVID factors predicted changes in these outcomes. Participants were 94 mothers and 58 fathers of autistic children drawn from a larger longitudinal study about family relationships and autistic children’s mental health that began prior to the pandemic. Results indicated that mothers reported higher levels of psychological distress compared to fathers in July and October 2020. Although, on average, levels of psychological distress and marital functioning did not significantly change for mothers and fathers, pre-pandemic child functioning and marital satisfaction predicted individual differences in change in marital satisfaction during the pandemic for mothers. Implications of the findings are discussed. Lay abstract Parents of autistic children may be especially vulnerable to the negative effects of COVID-19. The current study examined changes in mental health and marital functioning of mothers and fathers of autistic children across three time points between April and October 2020. The study also explored whether pre-COVID factors could predict outcomes during the pandemic. Participants were 94 mothers and 58 fathers of autistic children drawn from a larger study about family relationships and autistic children’s mental health that began prior to the pandemic. Results indicated that mothers reported higher levels of mental health problems compared to fathers in July and October 2020. Levels of mental health and marital functioning did not change between April and October 2020. Pre-pandemic child functioning and marital satisfaction predicted changes in mother’s ratings of marital satisfaction. The findings have implications for ways to best support families during challenging periods.
Treatment of eculizumab refractory paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: A systematic review about current treatment options and future direction
Authors: Syed Saad , Khan Reda , Khurram Fahmida , Khan Faiza Humayun , Safi Danish , Safi Salah Ud Din 
Published: June 2023

Objectives: C5 inhibitors such as eculizumab and ravulizumab are the first-line treatment in the management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). However, some patients develop novel symptoms as part of their treatment with eculizumab, and the disease is termed as eculizumab refractory PNH. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the available treatment modalities for the management of eculizumab refractory PNH. Methods: Two authors independently searched two databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 70 studies were obtained: 4 out 70 studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Results: Four studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria of our study. Two studies were published in 2021 and two studies were published in 2020. All four studies were multicenter clinical trials. Two studies were phase III clinical trials, one study was a phase II clinical trial, and one study was a phase I clinical trial. Two studies were about pegcetacoplan, one was about danicopan, and one was about iptacopan. Conclusion: Based upon the findings of our systematic review, we recommend an individualized treatment plan based on the mechanism of eculizumab refractoriness and the mechanism of PNH breakthrough. This recommendation is subject to the available resources and clinical expertise available at different hospitals. More studies using study designs such as randomized controlled trials comparing multiple drugs should be performed to accurately assess the different medications and aid in designing guidelines of the management of eculizumab refractory PNH. Level of evidence: Level I
Abdominal Wall Hernias in Patients with Hiatal Hernias: Predictors of Association in a Large Cohort of Patients
Authors: Mehta Nisarg , Eriksson Sven E. , Zheng Ping , Sarici Inanc S. , Zaidi Ali H. , Jobe Blair A. , Ayazi Shahin 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Hiatal hernia and abdominal wall hernia (AWH) have a common theme of pathogenesis and etiology. This suggests a potential relationship between these 2 types of hernia. However, no large studies have examined such an association. We designed the current study to characterize this association and identify factors associated with this coexistence. Methods: A database of patients seen at a large multi-center health network serving 3 states in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States was queried for patients with a documented diagnosis of hiatal hernia (HH) or paraesophageal hernia (PEH). This population was then divided into groups based on whether or not they had a history of another type of AWH (ventral, inguinal/ femoral, umbilical, or incisional hernia). Demographic and clinical data were compared between groups using univariate, followed by multivariable logistic analysis. Results: The final study population consisted of 28 114 patients (66.5% female) with HH/PEH. The prevalence of AWH in this population was 8.2% (n = 2299). Of these 69.1% had only one AWH with the remaining 30.9% having two or more hernias. Multivariable analysis showed male patients with HH/PEH were more likely to have AWH (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.810-2.162, P <0 .0001). The odds of AWH were higher in patients aged 50 to 80 years old compared to younger patients (OR: 1.527; 95% CI: 1.348-1.730, P <0 .0001). Patients with any comorbidity were also more likely to develop AWH (OR: 1.764; 95% CI: 1.566-1.986, P < 0.0001), with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) being the comorbidity with the highest risk (OR: 1.295; 95% CI: 1.161-1.444, P <0 .0001), followed by obesity (OR: 1.267; 95% CI: 1.156-1.388, P <0 .0001). Conclusion: The prevalence of an AWH in patients with a HH/PEH was 8.2%. Although HH/PEH are more prevalent in females, males with HH/PEH are at higher risk for AWH. Obesity, OSA, tobacco use, hypertension, diabetes, and hypothyroidism are independent risk factors for presence of an AWH in patients with HH/PEH.
Is the number of non-native species in the European Union saturating?
Authors: Haubrock Phillip J. , Balzani Paride , Macêdo Rafael , Tarkan Ali Serhan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Non-native species can have significant negative impacts on the environment, economies, and amongst others, also human Non-native species can have significant negative impacts on the environment, economies, and human Non-native species can have significant negative impacts on the environment, economies, and human well-being, among other factors. Globalisation and economic incentives have substantially facilitated the growth in the numbers of newly recorded non-native species in the European Union. The European Union’s diversity in terms of political and socio-economic differences across member states may have contributed to the introduction of non-native species.

Results
Data reported in the Alien Species First Record Database, however, suggests a decreasing trend in the number of non-native species recorded over the past three decades. InvaCost, a database of non-native species with economic impacts, similarly shows increasing numbers of reported non-native species with costs until the 2010s, which were, however, followed by a plateauing and ultimately decline. Although the recent trends in non-native species reports may be affected by a lag time in reporting and data allocation as well as possibly a disparity in research efforts, their impacts persist, leading to a growing ecological but also economic burden. We further identified substantial spatial differences as western European member states generally reported higher numbers of non-native species and non-native species with monetary impacts.

Conclusions
Without improved actions, biological invasions and their associated impacts will continue to rise, degrading natural capital and hampering sustainable development and sustainability targets. Therefore, improved coordinated efforts across the European Union are necessary to improve reporting of non-native species and a centralized collation of data through accessible databases should be considered.
Habitat development and species arrival drive succession of the benthic invertebrate community in restored urban streams
Authors: Gillmann Svenja M. , Hering Daniel , Lorenz Armin W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundUrban streams are characterised by species-poor and frequently disturbed communities. The recovery of heavily polluted urban streams is challenging but the simple community structure makes recolonisation patterns more transparent. Therefore, they are generally applicable model systems for recolonisation of restored streams. Principal questions of stream restoration concern the drivers and patterns of recolonisation processes. Rarely, recolonisation of restored streams is recorded for a sufficient time to observe patterns of habitat and community development in detail. Over 10 years, we monitored benthic habitat changes and macroinvertebrate communities of eight restored sites in an urban stream network that was formerly used as an open sewer and thus, almost uninhabitable for macroinvertebrates prior to restoration. We analysed changes in environmental variables and communities with a selection of multi-variate analyses and identified indicator species in successional stages.ResultsProportions of stony substrate and conductivity decreased over time since restoration, while the riparian vegetation cover increased along with the amount of sandy substrate. The communities fluctuated strongly after restoration but began to stabilise after around eight years. TITAN analysis identified 9 species, (e.g. the mayflyCloeon dipterumand the beetleAgabus didymus), whose abundances decreased with time since restoration, and 19 species with an increasing abundance trend (e.g. several Trichopteran species, which colonised once specific habitats developed). Woody riparian vegetation cover and related variables were identified as major driver for changes in species abundance. In the last phase of the observation period, a dry episode resulted in complete dewatering of some sites. These temporarily dried sections were recolonised much more rapidly compared to the recolonisation following restoration.ConclusionsOur results underline that community changes following urban stream restoration are closely linked to the evolving environmental conditions of restored streams, in particular habitat availability initialised by riparian vegetation. It takes about a decade for the development of a rich and stable community. Even in streams that were almost completely lacking benthic invertebrates before restoration, the establishment of a diverse macroinvertebrate community is possible, underlining the potential for habitat restoration in formerly heavily polluted urban areas.
Flowering and fruit-set in cassava under extended red-light photoperiod supplemented with plant-growth regulators and pruning
Authors: Baguma Julius K. , Mukasa Settumba B , Nuwamanya Ephraim , Alicai Titus , Omongo Christopher , Hyde Peter T. , Setter Tim L. , Ochwo-Ssemakula Mildred , Esuma William , Kanaabi Michael , Iragaba Paula , Baguma Yona , Kawuki Robert S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is staple food and major source of calories for over 500 million people in sub-Saharan Africa. The crop is also a source of income for smallholder farmers, and has increasing potential for industrial utilization. However, breeding efforts to match the increasing demand of cassava are impeded by its inability to flower, delayed or unsynchronized flowering, low proportion of female flowers and high fruit abortions. To overcome these sexual reproductive bottlenecks, this study investigated the effectiveness of using red lights to extend the photoperiod (RLE), as a gateway to enhancing flowering and fruit set under field conditions.

Materials and methods
Panels of cassava genotypes, with non- or late and early flowering response, 10 in each case, were subjected to RLE from dusk to dawn. RLE was further evaluated at low (LL), medium (ML) and high (HL) red light intensities, at ~  ≤ 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5PFD (Photon Flux Density) in µmol m−2 s−1 respectively. Additionally, the effect of a cytokinin and anti-ethylene as plant growth regulators (PGR) and pruning under RLE treatment were examined.

Results
RLE stimulated earlier flower initiation in all genotypes, by up to 2 months in the late-flowering genotypes. Height and number of nodes at first branching, particularly in the late-flowering genotypes were also reduced, by over 50%. Number and proportion of pistillate flowers more than doubled, while number of fruits and seeds also increased. Number of branching levels during the crop season also increased by about three. Earlier flowering in many genotypes was most elicited at LL to ML intensities. Additive effects on flower numbers were detected between RLE, PGR and pruning applications. PGR and pruning treatments further increased number and proportion of pistillate flowers and fruits. Plants subjected to PGR and pruning, developed bisexual flowers and exhibited feminization of staminate flowers. Pruning at first branching resulted in higher pistillate flower induction than at second branching.

Conclusions
These results indicate that RLE improves flowering in cassava, and its effectiveness is enhanced when PGR and pruning are applied. Thus, deployment of these technologies in breeding programs could significantly enhance cassava hybridizations and thus cassava breeding efficiency and impact.
Predictive model for long-term weight recovery after gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an introduction to a web calculator
Authors: Jeon Chul-Hyo , Park Ki Bum , Kim Sojung , Seo Ho Seok , Song Kyo Young , Lee Han Hong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Weight changes after gastrectomy affect not only quality of life but also prognosis and survival. However, it remains challenging to predict the weight changes of individual patients. Using clinicopathological variables, we built a user-friendly tool to predict weight change after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Methods
The clinical data of 984 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy between 2009 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify variables predictive of postoperative weight change. A nomogram was developed and verified via bootstrap resampling.

Results
Age, sex, performance status, body mass index, extent of resection, pathological stage, and postoperative weight change significantly influenced postoperative weight recovery. Postoperative levels of hemoglobin, albumin, ferritin and total iron-binding capacity were significant covariates. The nomogram performed well (concordance index = 0.637); calibration curves indicated appropriate levels of agreement. We developed an online weight prediction calculator based on the nomogram (http://gc-weightchange.com/en/front/).

Conclusions
The novel, Web-calculator based on the predictive model allows surgeons to explore patient weight patterns quickly. The model identifies patients at high risk for weight loss after gastrectomy; such patients require multidisciplinary medical support.
Children with mild hyponatremia at the emergency department are at higher risk of hospitalization
Authors: Pintaldi Stefano , Zago Alessandro , Pizzolon Carlo , Magni Elena , Cozzi Giorgio , Andrade Stefanny , Barbi Egidio , Amaddeo Alessandro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Mild hyponatremia is frequently encountered in the pediatric emergency department (PED). Although usually of little clinical concern, its prognostic meaning as a possible marker of more severe disease has not yet been well established.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from children and adolescents who performed a blood sample with plasmatic sodium measurement on admission to the PED of IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” Pediatric Hospital in Trieste, Italy, in 2019. We compared the rate, length of admissions and laboratory characteristics of patients with hyponatremia to those with normal sodium.

Results
Among 807 subjects, hyponatremia (sodium < 135 mEq/L) was present in 17.6%, being mild (between 130 and 134 mEq/L) in 16.5%. Hyponatremic patients were younger, more frequently males, with an infection diagnosis, mainly of the respiratory tract and viral aetiology. They presented higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR). Compared to normonatremic individuals, hyponatremic patients presented a higher risk of underlying infection (aOR 2.02; 95%CI 1.33–3.08), hospital admission (aOR 1.72; 95%CI 1.06–2.48), and a hospital stay of > 5 days (aOR 1.99; 95%CI 1.03–3.85). When considering only subjects with mild hyponatremia, we found similar results.

Conclusion
Hyponatremia and mild hyponatremia in the PED are associated with an increased admission rate and extended hospital stays. Mild hyponatremia should be considered a warning sign for a possibly more serious condition.