bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Initial Microstructure Prior to Extrusion on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded AZ80 Alloy with a Low Temperature and a Low Ratio
Authors: Zhang Hang , Li Haipeng , Li Rongguang , Liu Boshu , Wu Ruizhi , Zhao Dongyue , Li Shanshan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) alloys are the lightest metal structural material for engineering applications and therefore have a wide market of applications. However, compared to steel and aluminum alloys, Mg alloys have lower mechanical properties, which greatly limits their application. Extrusion is one of the most important processing methods for Mg and its alloys. However, the effect of such a heterogeneous microstructure achieved at low temperatures on the mechanical properties is lacking investigation. In this work, commercial AZ80 alloys with different initial microstructures (as-cast and as-homogenized) were selected and extruded at a low extrusion temperature of 220 °C and a low extrusion ratio of 4. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the two extruded AZ80 alloys were investigated. The results show that homogenized-extruded (HE) sample exhibits higher strength than the cast-extruded (CE) sample, which is mainly attributed to the high number density of fine dynamic precipitates and the high fraction of recrystallized ultrafine grains. Compared to the coarse compounds existing in CE sample, the fine dynamical precipitates of Mg17(Al, Zn)12 form in the HE sample can effectively promote the dynamical recrystallization during extrusion, while they exhibit a similar effect on the size and orientation of the recrystallized grains. These results can facilitate the designing of high-strength wrought magnesium alloys by rational microstructure construction.
Smooth Trajectory Planning for a Cable Driven Parallel Waist Rehabilitation Robot Based on Rehabilitation Evaluation Factors
Authors: Li Yuan , Zi Bin , Sun Zhi , Zhao Ping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRehabilitation robots can help physiatrists to assist patients in improving their movement ability. Due to the interaction between rehabilitation robots and patients, the robots need to complete rehabilitation training on a safe basis. This paper presents an approach for smooth trajectory planning for a cable-driven parallel waist rehabilitation robot (CDPWRR) based on the rehabilitation evaluation factors. First, motion capture technology is used to collect the motion data of several volunteers in waist twisting. Considering the impact of motion variability, the feature points at the center of the human pelvis are obtained after eliminating unreasonable data through rationality judgments. Then, point-to-point waist training trajectory planning based on quintic polynomial and cycloid functions, and multipoint waist training trajectory planning based on quintic B-spline functions are carried out. The corresponding planned curves and kinematics characteristics using three methods are compared and analyzed. Subsequently, the rehabilitation evaluation factors are introduced to conduct smooth trajectory planning for waist training, and the waist trajectory with better compliance is obtained based on the safety and feasibility of waist motion. Finally, the physical prototype of the CDPWRR is built, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed smooth trajectory planning method are proved by numerical analysis and experiments.
Association between SUMF1 polymorphisms and COVID-19 severity
Authors: Liang Shaohui , Gao Huixia , He Tongxin , Li Li , Zhang Xin , Zhao Lei , Chen Jie , Xie Yanyan , Bao Jie , Gao Yong , Dai Erhei , Wang Yuling 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Evidence shows that genetic factors play important roles in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Sulfatase modifying factor 1 (SUMF1) gene is involved in alveolar damage and systemic inflammatory response. Therefore, we speculate that it may play a key role in COVID-19.

Results
We found that rs794185 was significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in Chinese population, under the additive model after adjusting for gender and age (for C allele = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44–0.88, P = 0.0073, logistic regression). And this association was consistent with this in European population Genetics Of Mortality In Critical Care (GenOMICC: OR for C allele = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90–0.98, P = 0.0037). Additionally, we also revealed a remarkable association between rs794185 and the prothrombin activity (PTA) in subjects (P = 0.015, Generalized Linear Model).

Conclusions
In conclusion, our study for the first time identified that rs794185 in SUMF1 gene was associated with the severity of COVID-19.
Varied hypoxia adaptation patterns of embryonic brain at different development stages between Tibetan and Dwarf laying chickens
Authors: Tang Qiguo , Yu Runjie , Wang Yubei , Xie Fuyin , Zhang Hao , Wu Changxin , Fang Meiying 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Tibetan chickens (Gallus gallus; TBCs), an indigenous breed distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, are well adapted to the hypoxic environment. Currently, the molecular genetic basis of hypoxia adaptation in TBCs remains unclear. This study investigated hypoxia adaptation patterns of embryonic brain at different development stages by integrating analysis of the transcriptome with our previously published metabolome data in TBCs and Dwarf Laying Chickens (DLCs), a lowland chicken breed.

Results
During hypoxia, the results revealed that 1334, 578, and 417 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log2 fold change|>1, p-value < 0.05) on days 8, 12, and 18 of development, respectively between TBCs and DLCs. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analyses revealed that DEGs are mainly related to metabolic pathways, vessel development, and immune response under hypoxia. This is consistent with our metabolome data that TBCs have higher energy metabolism than DLCs during hypoxia. Some vital DEGs between TBCs and DLCs, such as EPAS1, VEGFD, FBP1, FBLN5, LDHA, and IL-6 which are involved in the HIF pathway and hypoxia regulation.

Conclusion
These results suggest varied adaptation patterns between TBCs and DLCs under hypoxia. Our study provides a basis for uncovering the molecular regulation mechanism of hypoxia adaptation in TBCs and a potential application of hypoxia adaptation research for other animals living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and may even contribute to the study of brain diseases caused by hypoxia.
Exploring variation in implementation of multifactorial falls risk assessment and tailored interventions: a realist review
Authors: Alvarado Natasha , McVey Lynn , Wright Judy , Healey Frances , Dowding Dawn , Cheong V-Lin , Gardner Peter , Hardiker Nick , Lynch Alison , Zaman Hadar , Smith Heather , Randell Rebecca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFalls are the most common safety incident reported by acute hospitals. In England national guidance recommends delivery of a multifactorial falls risk assessment (MFRA) and interventions tailored to address individual falls risk factors. However, there is variation in how these practices are implemented. This study aimed to explore the variation by examining what supports or constrains delivery of MFRAs and tailored interventions in acute hospitals.MethodsA realist review of literature was conducted with searches completed in three stages: (1) to construct hypotheses in the form of Context, Mechanism, Outcome configurations (CMOc) about how MFRAs and interventions are delivered, (2) to scope the breadth and depth of evidence available in Embase to test the CMOcs, and (3) following prioritisation of CMOcs, to refine search strategies for use in multiple databases. Citations were managed in EndNote; titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened, with 10% independently screened by two reviewers.ResultsTwo CMOcs were prioritised for testing labelled: FacilitationviaMFRA tools, and Patient Participation in interventions. Analysis indicated that MFRA tools can prompt action, but the number and type of falls risk factors included in tools differ across organisations leading to variation in practice. Furthermore, the extent to which tools work as prompts is influenced by complex ward conditions such as changes in patient condition, bed swaps, and availability of falls prevention interventions. Patient participation in falls prevention interventions is more likely where patient directed messaging takes individual circumstances into account, e.g., not wanting to disturb nurses by using the call bell. However, interactions that elicit individual circumstances can be resource intensive and patients with cognitive impairment may not be able to participate despite appropriately directed messaging.ConclusionsOrganisations should consider how tools can be developed in ways that better support consistent and comprehensive identification of patients’ individual falls risk factors and the complex ward conditions that can disrupt how tools work as facilitators. Ward staff should be supported to deliver patient directed messaging that is informed by their individual circumstances to encourage participation in falls prevention interventions, where appropriate.Trial registrationPROSPERO: CRD42020184458.
Clinical effectiveness of rehabilitation in ambulatory care for patients with persisting symptoms after COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Dillen Hannelore , Bekkering Geertruida , Gijsbers Sofie , Vande Weygaerde Yannick , Van Herck Maarten , Haesevoets Sarah , Bos David A G , Li Ann , Janssens Wim , Gosselink Rik , Troosters Thierry , Verbakel Jan Y 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Lingering symptoms after acute COVID-19 present a major challenge to ambulatory care services. Since there are reservations regarding their optimal management, we aimed to collate all available evidence on the effects of rehabilitation treatments applicable in ambulatory care for these patients.

Methods
On 9 May 2022, we systematically searched articles in COVID-19 collections, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycArticles, PEDro, and EuropePMC. References were eligible if they reported on the clinical effectiveness of a rehabilitation therapy applicable in ambulatory care for adult patients with persisting symptoms continuing 4 weeks after the onset of COVID-19. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the CASP cohort study checklist and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Summary of Findings tables were constructed and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework.

Results
We included 38 studies comprising 2,790 participants. Physical training and breathing exercises may reduce fatigue, dyspnoea, and chest pain and may improve physical capacity and quality of life, but the evidence is very weak (based on 6 RCTs and 12 cohort studies). The evidence underpinning the effect of nutritional supplements on fatigue, dyspnoea, muscle pain, sensory function, psychological well-being, quality of life, and functional capacity is very poor (based on 4 RCTs). Also, the evidence-base is very weak about the effect of olfactory training on sensory function and quality of life (based on 4 RCTs and 3 cohort studies). Multidisciplinary treatment may have beneficial effects on fatigue, dyspnoea, physical capacity, pulmonary function, quality of life, return to daily life activities, and functional capacity, but the evidence is very weak (based on 5 cohort studies). The certainty of evidence is very low due to study limitations, inconsistency, indirectness, and imprecision.

Conclusions
Physical training, breathing exercises, olfactory training and multidisciplinary treatment can be effective rehabilitation therapies for patients with persisting symptoms after COVID-19, still with high uncertainty regarding these effects. These findings can guide ambulatory care practitioners to treat these patients and should be incorporated in clinical practice guidelines. High-quality studies are needed to confirm our hypotheses and should report on adverse events.
Disentangling pharmacological and expectation effects in antidepressant discontinuation among patients with fully remitted major depressive disorder: study protocol of a randomized, open-hidden discontinuation trial
Authors: Meißner Carina , Warren Claire , Fadai Tahmine , Müller Amke , Zapf Antonia , Lezius Susanne , Ozga Ann-Kathrin , Falkenberg Irina , Kircher Tilo , Nestoriuc Yvonne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Antidepressants are established as an evidence-based, guideline-recommended treatment for Major Depressive Disorder. Prescriptions have markedly increased in past decades, with a specific surge in maintenance prescribing. Patients often remain on antidepressants longer than clinically necessary. When attempting to stop, many patients experience adverse discontinuation symptoms. Discontinuation symptoms can be debilitating and hinder successful discontinuation. While discontinuation symptoms can result from pharmacological effects, evidence on nocebo-induced side effects of antidepressant use suggests that patients' expectations may also influence occurrence.

Methods
To disentangle pharmacological and expectation effects in antidepressant discontinuation, patients with fully remitted Major Depressive Disorder who fulfill German guideline recommendations to discontinue will either remain on or discontinue their antidepressant. Participants' expectations will be manipulated by varying verbal instructions using an open-hidden paradigm. Within the open trial arms, participants will receive full information about treatment, i.e., high expectation. Within the hidden trial arms, participants will be informed about a 50% chance of discontinuing versus remaining on their antidepressant, i.e., moderate expectation. A total of N = 196 participants will be randomly assigned to either of the four experimental groups: open discontinuation (OD; n = 49), hidden discontinuation (HD; n = 49), open continuation (OC; n = 49), or hidden continuation (HC; n = 49). Discontinuation symptom load during the 13-week experimental phase will be our primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures include discontinuation symptom load during the subsequent 39-week clinical observation phase, recurrence during the 13-week experimental period, recurrence over the course of the complete 52-week trial evaluated in a time-to-event analysis, and stress, anxiety, and participants’ attentional and emotional processing at 13 weeks post-baseline. Blood and saliva samples will be taken as objective markers of antidepressant blood serum level and stress. Optional rsfMRI measurements will be scheduled.

Discussion
Until today, no study has explored the interplay of pharmacological effects and patients’ expectations during antidepressant discontinuation. Disentangling their effects has important implications for understanding mechanisms underlying adverse discontinuation symptoms. Results can inform strategies to manage discontinuation symptoms and optimize expectations in order to help patients and physicians discontinue antidepressants more safely and effectively.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05191277), January 13, 2022.
Sleep duration trajectories and all-cause mortality among Chinese elderly: A community-based cohort study
Authors: Ding Rongxiu , Ding Pan , Tian Liuhong , Kuang Xiaodan , Huang Li , Shi Hongying 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
China is among the largest and fastest aging countries. The elderly population is more vulnerable, with higher proportion of inappropriate sleep duration and risk of mortality, compared with young and middle-aged adults. Single-measured sleep duration has been associated with mortality, but the health effects of long-term sleep duration trajectories remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the prospective associations between sleep duration trajectories and all-cause mortality among Chinese elderly.

Methods
Participants (n = 3,895; median age: 82 years; females: 53.3%) who reported sleep duration in all three surveys (2005, 2008, and 2011) from the community-based Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were followed up until 2019 (about 8 years). We identified sleep duration trajectories by latent class mixed model and explored their association with all-cause mortality using Cox hazard proportional regression and Laplace regression models. Further, stratified analysis by demographic characteristics and lifestyles and sensitivity analysis by lag effect, health-related factors, and inverse probability weighting were used to verify the robustness of the association. In addition, we explored the threshold effect of baseline sleep duration on the risk of all-cause mortality.

Results
We documented 1,881 all-cause deaths during 16,689 person-years of follow-up. Five sleep duration trajectories were identified: moderately increased trajectory (28.1%), rapidly increased trajectory (7.2%), persistent sleep trajectory of 7 h (33.7%), moderately decreased trajectory (21.3%), and rapidly decreased trajectory (9.7%). Compared with the persistent sleep trajectory of 7 h, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95%CI) for moderately increased trajectory, rapidly increased trajectory, moderately decreased trajectory, and rapidly decreased trajectory were 1.21 (1.08, 1.36), 1.21 (1.01, 1.44), 0.95 (0.82, 1.10), and 0.93 (0.78, 1.11), respectively; and the corresponding difference in median survival time (95%CI) were -0.53 (-1.01, -0.05), -0.43 (0.16, -1.02), 0.26 (-0.34, 0.86), and 0.25 (-0.51, 1.02), respectively. Stratified and sensitivity analyses showed consistent results. Threshold analysis indicated a sharply increased risk of mortality in participants whose sleep exceeds 9 h (HR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.30).

Conclusion
Compared with the persistent sleep trajectory of 7 h, moderately and rapidly increased sleep duration trajectories were associated with higher subsequent mortality in Chinese elderly. Those who report sleep exceeding 9 h may be at high risk for all-cause mortality.
Intersectional stigma and the arc of intranational migration: experiences of transgender adolescents and women who migrate within Peru
Authors: Perez-Brumer Amaya , Salazar Ximena , Nunez-Curto Aron , D’Amico Lynne , Aguayo-Romero Rodrigo , Reisner Sari L. , Silva-Santisteban Alfonso 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Migration is recognized as a key determinant of health. Yet, limited research addresses the arc of intranational migration and, even less, the experiences of transgender (trans) adolescents and women migrants and the associated health vulnerabilities. Using intersectional stigma as a theoretical frame, this study seeks to better understand the sexual health vulnerabilities and needs of trans women migrants in Peru.

Methods
Between October and November 2016, in-depth interviews (n = 14) and two focus groups (n = 20) were conducted in Spanish with trans women in three Peruvian cities. To explore pre- and during migration experiences, focus groups were conducted in Pucallpa and Iquitos, key cities in the Amazon where trajectories often originate. To assess during migration and post-migration experiences, we conducted interviews in Pucallpa, Iquitos, and Lima to better understand processes of relocation. Audio files were transcribed verbatim and analysed via an immersion crystallization approach, an inductive and iterative process, using Dedoose (v.6.1.18).

Results
Participants described migration as an arc and, thus, results are presented in three phases: pre-migration; during migration; and post-migration. Intersectional stigma was identified as a transversal theme throughout the three stages of migration. The pre-migration stage was characterized by poverty, transphobia, and violence frequently motivating the decision to migrate to a larger city. Exploitation was also described as pervasive during migration and in relocation. Many participants spoke of their introduction to sex work during migration, as key to economic earning and associated violence (police, clients).

Conclusion
Findings advance understandings of intranational migration and forced displacement as key determinants of trans women’s health. Dimensions of violence at the intersection of classism and cisgenderism render trans women highly vulnerable at every step of their migratory journeys. Experiences of intranational mobility and relocation were described as uniquely tied to age, intersectional transphobic stigma, engagement in sex work, and multiple forms of violence, which impact and can magnify sexual health vulnerabilities for transgender women in Peru who migrated intranationally.
Mobile phone dependency and sleep quality in college students during COVID-19 outbreak: the mediating role of bedtime procrastination and fear of missing out
Authors: Huang Tao , Liu Yiting , Tan Teck Cheng , Wang Dong , Zheng Kefeng , Liu Wenxi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between mobile phone dependency, bedtime procrastination, FoMO, and sleep quality among college students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, we examined whether bedtime procrastination and FoMO mediate the relationship between mobile phone dependency and sleep quality.

Methods
A total of 881 college students completed an online survey in May 2022 in Shanghai, China. Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire, Bedtime Procrastination Scale, Fear of Missing Out Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to assess mobile phone dependency, bedtime procrastination, fear of missing out, and sleep quality, respectively. Multiple linear regression and mediation analysis were conducted.

Results
The correlation analyses indicated mobile phone dependency was positively associated with fear of missing out, bedtime procrastination, and poor sleep quality among college students. The structural equation modeling analyses revealed that mobile phone dependency had significant indirect effects on sleep quality through bedtime procrastination (indirect effect: 0.030, 95%CI: 0.022–0.041) and fear of missing out (indirect effect: 0.013, 95%CI: 0.003–0.023).

Conclusion
The findings indicated that bedtime procrastination and fear of missing out are mediators mediating the relationship between mobile phone dependency with sleep quality. Bedtime procrastination and fear of missing out should be considered as potential intervention targets for reducing mobile phone dependency and improving sleep quality in college students.