bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular enzymes secreted in the mycelial block of Lentinula edodes during hyphal growth
Authors: Kobayashi Nanae , Wada Nagisa , Yokoyama Haruna , Tanaka Yuki , Suzuki Tomohiro , Habu Naoto , Konno Naotake 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom) is one of the most widely cultivated edible mushrooms and is primarily cultivated using sawdust medium. While there have been improvements in the cultivation technology, the mechanism of mycelial block cultivation, such as mycelial growth and enzymatic sawdust degradation, has not been clarified. In this study, the mycelium was elongated longitudinally in the bottle sawdust culture for 27 days. The cultivated sawdust medium was divided into three sections (top, middle, and bottom parts), and the enzymatic activities of each part were analyzed. In the bottom part of the medium, amylase, pectinase, fungal cell wall degradation enzyme (β-1,3-glucanase, β-1,6-glucanase, and chitinase), and laccase activities were higher than in other parts, indicating that these enzymes are produced from the tip region and have important roles for mycelial spread and nutrient uptake. Proteins with the laccase activity were purified from the bottom part of the medium, and a laccase was identified as Lcc13. On the other hand, lignocellulose degradation enzymes, such as endoglucanase, xylanase, and manganese peroxidase were highly secreted in the top part. The results indicate that the principal sawdust degradation occurs after mycelial colonization.
Simulating the GB power system frequency during underfrequency events 2018-19
Authors: Cooke Christian , Mestel Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Lightning hit a transmission powerline outside London, England on 9 August 2019. There followed a loss of power from a cascade of generator outages that exceeded contingency reserves, leading to an exceptional fall in grid frequency causing widespread transport disruptions and the disconnection of over 1m households. Simulating such events typically involves a system of differential equations representing the overall generation and load present at the time. The standard model based on the swing equation assumes unlimited capacity in aggregated resources, as well as the availability of these services for the duration of the frequency excursion. In simulating the effect of outages on the GB Grid frequency on 2019/8/9, the effect of limiting these services to the capacity of resources engaged during the event is examined. It is shown that by taking these refinements into account the timing and extent of the frequency nadir can be successfully estimated. Insight is gained into the responses of various characteristics of the grid and how they interact with unplanned generation imbalances. Using this adapted model, further events on the GB grid are examined to validate the influence of these features. With the effectiveness of the model validated, novel mitigating measures to preserve the stability of a low-inertia grid can be evaluated.
Facile Access to Benzofuran Derivatives through Radical Reactions with Heteroatom-centered Super-electron-donors
Authors: Chi Yonggui Robin , Jiang Shichun , Wang Wei , Mou Chengli , Zou Juan , Jin Zhichao , Hao Ge-Fei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Heteroatom anions are applied as super-electron-donors (SEDs) to initiate radical reactions for facile synthesis of 3-substituted benzofurans. Phosphines, thiols and anilines bearing different substitution patterns work well in this inter-molecular radical coupling reaction and the 3-functionalized benzofuran products bearing heteroatomic functionalities are given in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction mechanism is elucidated via control experiments and computational methods. The afforded products showed promising applications in both organic synthesis and pesticide development.
The introduced lineage of Phragmites australis in North America differs from its co-existing native lineage in associated soil microbial structure – A holistic view of plant traits and soil microbiome from a common garden experiment
Authors: Wang Tong , Guo Xiao , Yang Jinming , Chi Xiaolong , Zhu Yongfeng , Huang Xiaoyu , Dou Hongrui , Wu Zhigang , Wang Renqing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
The introduced lineage of Phragmites australis (haplotype M) in North America outcompetes the native lineage (haplotype P). Haplotype M situates at the fast-side of trait economic spectrum rather than haplotype P. The present study evaluated the plant traits and associated soil microbiome of the introduced and native Phragmites lineages using a common garden experiment in East China.
Methods
Four geographic groups including the introduced lineage of North America (NAint, haplotype M), native lineage of North America (NAnat, haplotype P), European group (EU, haplotype M) and Northwestern China group (CHN, haplotype M) were probed for plant traits and associated soil microbiome in two life-history stages – growing period and withering period.
Results
No significant differences in functional traits were shown among the four groups. The difference existed mainly in the soil microbial structure. The soils derived from the four groups had different bacterial generic structure however similar bacterial functional structure. NAint accumulated more orchid mycorrhizal fungi than the other three groups, while NAnat gathered more plant pathogenic and ectomycorrhizal fungi in the growing period. In the withering period, NAint accumulated more plant pathogenic fungi while NAnat gathered more arbuscular mycorrhizal fungai. NAint, EU and CHN shared different soil microbial structures despite the same haplotype.
Conclusion
The interaction between plant traits and soil microbiome seemed weak. However, the long-term effects of microbial transition on the introduced and native lineage are unknown and the potential plant-soil interactions need further exploration.
Seroprevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease in apparently healthy beef cattle in Uganda post the 2021 outbreak
Authors: Sente¹ Celsus , Rosado-Ramos² Braiam , Kerfua Susan , Tuwangye Innocent , Brookshire² Cooper , Kalumba¹ Peter , Nakabuye¹ Robinah Sarah , Namirimu¹ Solome , Tamale¹ Andrew , Reichley Stephen , Khaitsa Margaret 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by a picornavirus. There are 7 known serotypes (O, C, A, SAT1, SAT2 and Asia) and more than 60 subtypes of the FMD virus with no cross protection between types or subtypes. FMD can cause enormous economic losses including reduced animal productivity and the restrictions on international trade in animal products. In Uganda, FMD is endemic caused by mainly O, A, SAT 1, and SAT2 serotypes and outbreaks that re-occur annually are mainly controlled by ring vaccination and restriction of animal movement. These control methods are sometimes not efficient and due to lack of regular surveillance, information on the seroprevalence of FMDV in animal herds post outbreak response is not available to guide policy makers on when to lift quarantine in affected districts. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the 2021 FMD outbreak response in Western Uganda following lifting/easing of the quarantine restrictions.
Methods
This was a retrospective study involving the use of blood samples previously collected from sixty-eight (68) apparently healthy beef cattle and archived as part of routine herd health checks post the 2021 FMD outbreak. Forty-six (46) of these animals were from Nshaara ranch and 22 from Mbarara city abattoir. The samples were tested for the presence of specific FMDV antibodies using Solid-Phase Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.
Results
Overall, from the 68 animal samples tested, 51/68(75%) tested positive for FMDV. The site specific FMD prevalence was 43/46(93.5%) for Nshaara ranch and 8/22(36.4%) for Mbarara City abattoir.
Conclusion
These data revealed a concerningly high seropositivity of apparently health animals to FMDV antibodies possibly due to early lifting of the quarantine, weak enforcement of control measures or lack of incentive and resources to control the disease.
Determination of Optimal Temperature and Humidity Values in Dairy Farms Using Fuzzy Logic Model
Authors: Kibar Mustafa , Aytekin İbrahim , Özkan İlker Ali 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Climatic conditions are important environmental factors that impact the morphological and physiological characteristics of animals in a variety of ways. In livestock, climatic conditions, in particular temperature and humidity, directly affect different yields, health and even the viability of animals. Until today, temperature-humidity index (THI) values have been calculated and used to determine the effects of temperature and humidity on cattle in the literature. However, different thresholds exist for ideal temperature, humidity, and THI levels. This study was conducted to determine the optimal temperature and humidity levels for dairy farms using the fuzzy logic model by adding expert judgment to the THI levels reported in the literature. In the study, the THI values were calculated with three different formulas from the literature, using different temperature (between -20 and +42 oC) and humidity (between 0% and 100%) values, which are probably under agricultural conditions appear. The Mamdani-type of fuzzy logic method was utilized to determine the linguistic expressions of temperature, humidity and THI values.
Considering the results of the study, a significant correlation was found between the THI values obtained using the fuzzy logic method and the other three formulas (P<0.001). According to the THI thresholds, the areas below the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) were found to be significant (P<0.01) in all fuzzy algorithms. Although it showed the same trends in sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy between the THI scores obtained with the fuzzy logic algorithm and the THI66 and THI72 thresholds reported in the literature, it showed 5.65% sensitivity, 99.85% specificity and 73.6% accuracy using the THI74 threshold. As a result, the results obtained with the fuzzy expert system are higher with increasing THI values and lower with decreasing THI values than in the literature. More frankly, the results obtained using fuzzy logic were found to be less risky (or safer) than the results of the studies reported in the literature.
There is a need for future studies to determine the effect of THI threshold values determined by fuzzy logic method on various yield or welfare of livestock.
Antibiotic Use at Planned Central Line Removal in Reducing Neonatal Post-Catheter Removal Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ji Ruoyu , He Zhangyuting , Zhou Jiawei , Fang Shiyuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Post-catheter removal sepsis (PCRS) is a severe complication of indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) in neonates, which is postulated to be secondary to the disruption of biofilms formed along catheter tips upon CVCs removal. It remains controversial whether antibiotic use upon CVCs removal will help to prevent this situation. We aimed to evaluate the protective effect of antibiotic administration at the time of CVCs removal in preventing PCRS in neonates.
Methods: The systematic review was performed based on a registered protocol (CRD42022359677). We searched through PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases, as well as reference lists of review articles (September 2022) for studies comparing the use of antibiotics versus no use within 12 hours of CVCs removal. Selection of studies and data extraction were performed independently by two researchers. Risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or Cochrane risk-of-bias tool according to the study design. Results of quantitative analyses were presented as mean differences (MD) or odds ratio (OR). Subgroup and univariate meta-regression analyses were performed to identify heterogeneity.
Results: The review included 470 central lines in the antibiotic group and 658 lines in the control group from five studies. Antibiotic use within 12 hours of CVCs removal did not significantly reduce the incidence of PCRS (OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.08 to 1.53), but was associated with a lower incidence of post-catheter removal blood stream infection (OR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.86). Dosage of vancomycin and world region were major sources of interstudy heterogeneity.
Conclusion: Antibiotic administration in neonates upon CVCs removal does not significantly reduce the incidence of PCRS but offers less post-catheter removal blood stream infection. Whether this will be converted to better clinical outcomes lacks evidential support. Further randomized controlled studies with longer follow-up are needed.
Disrespect during childbirth and postpartum mental health: a French cohort study
Authors: Leavy Emma , Cortet Marion , Huissoud Cyril , Desplanches Thomas , Vincenzo-Sormani Jessica Di , Viaux-Savelon Sylvie , Dupont Corinne , Pichon Swann , Gaucher Laurent 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: While the World Health Organisation (WHO) warned about disrespect and abuse during childbirth as early as 2014. This same year a social media movement with #payetonuterus brought to light the problematic of obstetrical violence in French speaking countries. The experience of care is an integral part of the quality of care, and perception on inadequate support during labour and loss of control in labour are some of the most frequently reported risk factors for childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD). Therefore, it seems crucial to study the associations between disrespect during childbirth and the mental well-being of mothers.
Methods: We performed a multicentered cohort study using auto-questionnaires within a French perinatal network. The main outcome was women’s report of disrespect during childbirth measured by the Behavior of the Mother’s Caregivers – Satisfaction Questionnaire (BMC-SQ) 3 days and 2 months after childbirth. CB-PTSD and Postpartum Depression (PPD) were assessed 2 months after childbirth using respectively the Post-Traumatic Checklist Scale (PCLS) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).
Results: This study followed 123 mothers from childbirth to 2 months postpartum. Among them, 8.13% (n=10/123) reported disrespect during childbirth at 3 days after childbirth. With retrospect, 10.56% (n=13/123) reported disrespect during childbirth at 2 months postpartum, i.e. an increase of 31%. Some 10.56% (n=13/123) of mothers suffered from postpartum depression, and 4.06% (n=5/123) were considered to have CB-PTSD at 2 months after childbirth. Reported disrespect during childbirth 3 days after birth was significantly associated with higher CB-PTSD 2 months after birth (R2=0.11, F(1,117)=15.14, p<0.001 and β=9.11, p=0.006), PPD at 2 months after childbirth was positively associated to reported disrespect in the delivery room, 3 days after birth (R2=0.04, F(1, 117)=6.28, p=0.01 and β=3.36, p=0.096). Meanwhile, PPD and CB-PTSD were significantly associated 2 months after childbirth (R2=0.41, F=(1,117)=82.39, p<0.01 and β=11.41, p<0.001).
Conclusions: Disrespect during childbirth was associated with poorer mental health during the postpartum period. Given the high prevalence of mental health problems and the increased susceptibility to depression during the postpartum period, these correlational results highlight the importance of gaining a deeper awareness of healthcare professionals about behaviours or attitudes which might be experienced as disrespectful during childbirth.
One year audit of surgical activity in the largest tertiary center in Ethiopia
Authors: Tsegaye Qaleab , Mulu Nardos , Gizaw Daniel , Mesfin Samuel , Genetu Abraham 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Annually, more than 313 million procedures are conducted worldwide. However, only 6% are conducted in the low-income countries where a third of the world population lives. In Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) only, more than 143 million additional surgeries are needed to save lives and avoid disability. Overall global postoperative mortality is 7.7%, and half of these deaths occur in LMICs. In Ethiopia, about 250,000 procedures are being conducted annually. This is less than 5% of what is actually needed according to recommendation of 5000 procedures per 100,000 population per year.
Methods
This study is a retrospective review of surgical services, including surgical admissions, procedures, and outpatient visits. The study encompassed surgical activities from January 1, 2021 to December 30, 2021 and was conducted in Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital. Data were collected from operative logbooks, clinic registrars, liaison office, ward registries and from monthly audit reports of each division.
Results
The majority of the admissions were elective, constituting 2589 (64.1%). The most frequent elective surgeries performed in the study year were great saphenous interposition graft (bypass) consisting of 12.4% of elective surgeries. Emergency admissions constitute 1449 (35.9%) of all admissions. The most frequent emergency procedures performed in the previous year were tracheostomy (35.7%). Mortality rate was available only from the general surgery division. Average mortality rates were was 0.07% for elective procedures and 2.1% for emergency procedures. Most common causes of mortality were septicemia and anastomotic leak. There were 508 cancellations in the one-year study period with lack of oxygen, Covid and lack of investigations being main reasons.
Conclusion
This study showed most of surgical procedures were done on elective basis. The most commonly performed procedures also are relatively more complex than previous report from the same country, reflecting the tertiary nature of the hospital. Overall, the outcome of both elective and emergency surgeries was favorable. However, all divisions should report morbidity and mortality, preferably with similar format. The cancellation rate is also high and needs intervention from the hospital and department leaders.
App-based interventions for the prevention of postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Miura Yumika , Ogawa Yusuke , Shibata Ayako , Kamijo Kyosuke , Joko Ken , Aoki Takuya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess whether automated apps are effective in preventing postpartum depression.
Methods
We conducted an article search on the electronic databases of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE via Ovid, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I on March 26th, 2020. We also searched the International Clinical Trials Platform Search Portal (ICTRP), and Clinical Trials.
Results
We identified 1581 references, and seven studies were ultimately included in this review. Only one study has assessed the onset of postpartum depression as an outcome. This indicated that after the app intervention, the proportion of women who developed postpartum depression was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (6 weeks postpartum risk ratio (RR)0.79, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI)0.58–1.06; 3 months postpartum RR0.74, 95%CI0.50–1.09; 6 months postpartum RR0.73, 95%CI0.49–1.11 RR0.73, 95%CI0.49–1.11). We performed a meta-analysis of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores at each time point. During the immediate (0–8 weeks postpartum) period, the intervention group had significantly lower EPDS scores than the control group (mean differences (MD) -0.59; 95%CI -1.00 to -0.18; P = 0.005). In the short term (9–16 weeks postpartum), there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of EPDS score (MD -0.32; 95%CI -10.82 to 1.17; P = 0.20).
Limitations:
Only one randomized controlled trial (RCT) measured the onset of postpartum depression as an outcome; we performed a meta-analysis only on the EPDS scores. Additionally, there was a high risk of incomplete outcome data due to the high attrition rates in the study.
Conclusion
The apps, including an automated component for the prevention of postpartum depression, improved the EPDS score; furthermore, they may prevent postpartum depression.
Determination of Impeller Blade Fillet Radius for Productive Finish Milling
Authors: Vavruska Petr , Kratena Tomas , Cech Dominik , Macalka Ales , Peterka Tomas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Impellers, which are part of the turbochargers in many transport and agricultural vehicles such as cars, trucks, tractors, boats as well as lawnmowers, are parts where monitoring the efficiency of design and subsequent manufacturing is very important. In order to maximize the efficiency of the compressor stage, many iterations in impeller blade geometry design must be performed to achieve the operating conditions in terms of both performance and strength. Impeller manufacturing is then strongly dependent on the impeller blade geometry design. Manufacturing efficiency varies greatly if the impeller is designed with the blades made up of complex surfaces (requires more machining time) or ruled surfaces (requires less machining time). However, the two impeller geometries have a common element that strongly influences their manufacturing efficiency – the impeller blade fillet radius. The choice of the blade fillet radius value is very limited by the impeller blade geometry design. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to determine the blade fillet radius value in order to achieve an efficient impeller geometry in terms of manufacturing efficiency at the impeller design stage. The method is verified on the example of milling several impeller variants.
Development of an apparent diffusion coefficient based on nomogram for the preoperative prediction of Ki-67 and p53 expression levels and myometrial infiltration in endometrial cancer
Authors: Zhang Meng , Jing Mengyuan , Cao Yuntai , Zhang Shan , Guo Yuzhen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Endometrial cancer (EC) has been increasing in incidence and mortality rates over the years. To investigate the feasibility of ADC in preoperative non-invasive prediction of myometrial infiltration and Ki-67 and p53 expression levels in patients with EC.
Methods
we performed the retrospective analysis of 105 patients with EC who underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and were confirmed by pathology after operation from January 2017 to December 2021 in our hospital. Two independent radiologists measured the ADC values (ADCmax, ADCmean, and ADCmin) of EC on the ADC image by comparing the MRI enhancement and DWI images, respectively. Statistical methods were used to calculate the correlation between clinical information, ADC values and myometrial infiltration and Ki-67 and p53 expression in EC patients. A nomogram prediction model was constructed and evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve analysis.
Results
The ADC values were significantly correlated with the myometrial infiltration and Ki-67 and p53 expression levels in EC patients (all P < 0.05). The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage only significantly associated with the myometrial infiltration and Ki-67 expression levels in EC patients (all P < 0.05). The ADCmax, ADCmean, and ADCmin were combined with the FIGO stage to construct the nomogram model. The nomogram model, ADCmax, ADCmean, ADCmin, and FIGO stage predicted AUC values of 0.809, 0.707, 0.693, 0.694, and 0.599 for myometrial infiltration, respectively; the AUC values for predicting Ki-67 expression levels were 0.897, 0.879, 0.849, 0.808 and 0.550, respectively. The nomogram model was constructed by combining the ADCmax, ADCmean, ADCmin. The AUC values predicted by the nomogram, ADCmax, ADCmean, ADCmin were 0.665, 0.615, 0.641 and 0.654, respectively.
Conclusions
The nomogram model based on ADC values combined with the FIGO stage could be a useful method for the preoperative non-invasive assessment of myometrial infiltration and Ki-67 and p53 expression in EC patients.