bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Various Solvents’ Effect on the Performance of P3HT:ZnONPs:PC70BM Solar Cell
Authors: Hussein Abdullah. A. , Ibrahim Naeemah A. , Saki Tahssen A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) have garnered extensive focus as alternate to all-organic photovoltaics due to their remarkable benefits in integrating organic materials’ solution-processability and flexibility with the environmental stability of inorganic semiconductors and high charge mobility. This study describes the development of efficient and air-stable hybrid organic-inorganic BHJ solar cells with broad-spectrum sensitivity supported by mixtures of phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) and poly 3-hexylthiophene with zinc oxide (P3HT: ZnONPs). The solvents (chlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, and chloroform and mixed CF/CB, CF/DCB) used to deposit the hybrid P3HT: ZnONPs BHJ active layer has a significant effect on the film shape and, therefore, on the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells generated as a result. The characterization techniques used for the film morphology, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) studies on the devices. It is interesting to note that the efficiency of the devices significantly improves when a specific solvent combination of (CB:CF) is utilized. This suggests the importance of solvent selection in optimizing the performance of the devices. The best property was obtained in the active layer by using chlorobenzene (CB) for the P3HT and dichlorobenzene (DCB) for the PCBM. The improvement in the efficiency with regard to a device with CB:CF was more considerable compared to CF, CB and CB: DCB. With different solvent, a solar cell upon (CB:CF) provides PCE (i.e., Power Conversion Efficiency) of 4.1%, dissimilar to 3.92% for (CB: DCB), 3.9% for (CB) and 3:6% for (CB) devices.
Contribution of Southern Baghdad Power Plants on Soil Contamination by Pb, Zn, Co, and Cr: Spatial Analysis and Pollution Indices
Authors: Putros Masarra D. , Khadim Hussein J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The combustion of low-quality fossil fuels in power plants in southern Baghdad causes soil pollution with heavy metals. The results showed a significant increase in heavy metal concentrations, with lead (1391.9 ppm), zinc (140.28 ppm), cobalt (46.28 ppm), and chromium (137.55 ppm). The results of the study, using the Geo-accumulation index and Contamination factor pollution indices, showed severe lead pollution in the studied soil, reaching 95%, while chromium, copper, and zinc were classified as moderately to highly polluted. The results of the spatial analysis using the QGIS program revealed a major environmental hazard in the Southern Baghdad Power Plants area, which is responsible for soil pollution with heavy metals and poses a major threat to public health and the environment. The results call for the need to take preventive measures to reduce this pollution.
Do as We Say, Not as We Do: MINUSTAH in Haiti
Authors: von Billerbeck Sarah , Gippert Birte Julia , Oksamytna Kseniya , Tansey Oisín 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In Chapter 5, we turn to Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en Haïti / United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), the first United Nations (UN) mission to have ‘stabilization’ in its name and the one case study which saw the deployment of a peacekeeping mission without having experienced a civil war. The chapter first introduces Haiti’s complex history leading up to the deployment of MINUSTAH in 2004, amid large-scale violence and political turmoil. The volatile situation, which was characterized by politicization and urban gang violence, resulted in a focus on security through police reform and political stability through elections. The dilemma between security and democracy, the need to respect the sovereignty of the world’s first black republic, and clashing priorities between the UN and key bilateral partners such as the United States (US), all contributed to authoritarian enabling. More specifically, we show how the overarching security focus led to the deprioritization of democratization, signaling to host state officials that the mission would accept fraudulent elections as long as polling could be concluded and results declared. We also illustrate how the mission’s security focus prioritized capacity-building of the Haitian National Police (HNP) to the detriment of internal and external oversight mechanisms, further entrenching corruption and political influence within the HNP.
Forgotten Women
Authors: Hasday Jill Elaine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although women’s rights and opportunities have unquestionably expanded over the past century, progress has not been nearly fast or far-reaching enough. Sometimes courts and legislatures have dragged women backward, taking away earlier victories. The urgent questions are about why women’s inequality persists and what we can do about it. This book adds another dimension to that crucial conversation by focusing on new answers. In a nation whose Constitution purports to speak for “We the People,” too many of the stories that powerful Americans tell about law and society include only We the Men. America’s dominant modes of forgetting about women help perpetuate women’s inequality, rationalizing the status quo, promoting complacency, and undercutting reform. This book argues that remembering women’s stories more often and more accurately can help the nation advance toward sex equality.
Building on the Past to Create a More Equal Future
Authors: Hasday Jill Elaine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Building on the Past to Create a More Equal Future argues for more conflict over women’s status rather than less. America needs reforms that span teaching, commemoration, political representation, legislation, litigation, and everyday life. Conflict can generate change. Patiently awaiting men’s spontaneous enlightenment will not. Incorporating a richer and truer history of women’s struggles for equality into the nation’s collective memory can reorient our understanding of how women’s progress takes place, focus our attention on the battles that are still unwon, and fortify our determination to push for a more equal future as we shape the next chapters in this American story.
Pollination effectiveness affects the level of generalisation of a plant species with phenotypically plastic flowers
Authors: Gómez José M , Navarro Luis , González-Megías Adela , Armas Cristina , Perfectti Francisco , Caravantes Ángel , Sánchez Raquel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The pollination specialisation/generalisation continuum is a basic concept in pollination biology, usually defined as the number of species or functional groups of pollinators visiting a plant species. The level of specialisation can be affected by the relative abundance of pollinators on flowers, the among-pollinator variation in per-visit efficiency and the intra-population variation in floral traits. Here, we explore how these components influence the degree of generalisation of a Mediterranean herb, Moricandia arvensis (Brassicaceae). Moricandia arvensis shows a remarkable intra-individual floral polyphenism, with large cross-shaped lilac flowers during spring and small rounded white flowers during summer. We quantified the pollinator assemblages, grouped into functional groups, of six plant populations from SE Spain during spring and summer, experimentally tested their preference for spring and summer floral morphs, their per-visit efficiency, and their effectiveness during each flowering period, estimated as their contribution to plant’s fitness. The level of generalisation differed between floral morphs: spring flowers are visited mainly by large long-tongued bees, while summer flowers are visited by a diverse set including small short-tongued bees, large long-tongued bees, large butterflies and beeflies. The functional groups of pollinators differed in their preferences for floral morphs, with large long-tongued bees, small short-tongued bees and beeflies preferring spring floral morphs, whereas flies and butterflies preferred summer floral morphs. Pollinator per-visit efficiency also varied among functional groups. Bees and butterflies produced many seeds per visit, while beetles, hoverflies and flies produced few or no seeds per visit. By combining floral visits with per-visit efficiency (effectiveness), the spring pollinator assemblage became significantly more specialised and the summer pollinator assemblage significantly more generalised. Our study suggests that, although traditionally neglected in pollination studies, examining pollinator effectiveness is crucial to accurately characterise generalisation-specialisation gradients, rigorously categorising pollination niches and correctly describing the architecture of plant-pollinator interactions.
Combating the Rising Tide of Kidney Diseases in Europe: The Seminal Role of the European Kidney Health Alliance (EKHA)
Authors: Vanholder Raymond , Bé Alicia , De Barbieri Ilaria , Gallego Daniel , Fontana Monica , Faure Marine , Luyckx Valerie , Oostrom Tom , Scheres Eveline , van Vredendaal Ole , Lameire Norbert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most prevalent and fatal chronic diseases. However, the political attention CKD receives is not proportional to its significant human, economic, and ecological burden. One major reason is the lack of awareness among the general population andpolicymakers. As a result, investment in the therapeutic approaches to CKD have largely remained inadequate, while existing therapies did not change for decades. To respond to the lack of awareness of CKD, several European and international kidney care societies, supported by national and regional organizations, founded the European Kidney Health Alliance (EKHA) in 2007. This Alliance is a Brussels-based advocacy organization representing people with kidney diseases and the kidney care community at the European Union level, and from there, also at the country level. EKHA's aim is to ensure that every candidate for kidney care, irrespective of stage of kidney disease, receives optimal and timely treatment, which is affordable at a societal and individual level. This publication reviews the European political landscape, EKHA's history, points of focus and tools for harnessing available data into advocacy on CKD. Areas discussed include prevention and screening of CKD, its health-economic and environmental impact, and the need to facilitate kidney transplantation and home dialysis. We also examine EKHA's specific approaches to enhance kidney care, its affordability and its sustainability. The EKHA model aims at forestalling the burden of CKD and its underestimated economic and ecologic impact.
Intraoperative aortic dissection in a patient with cervical aortic arch
Authors: Takeuchi Akira , Tsuneyoshi Hiroshi , Katayama Hideyuki , Setozaki Shuji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cervical aortic arch (CAA) is a rare malformation. Herein, we report a 58-year-old female patient diagnosed with left CAA with descending aortic aneurysm. Initially, the descending aorta replacement was planned via left rib-cross thoracotomy. However, because of intraoperative aortic dissection during mobilization, total arch replacement was performed via emergent median sternotomy first. The main body of the synthetic graft was then guided to the left thoracotomy view, and the peripheral anastomosis of the descending aorta was performed. The surgery was successfully completed. The surgical management of CAA remains unstandardized due to its rarity and complex abnormalities. As aortic wall thinning can easily lead to aortic dissection, careful manipulation is required during mobilization.
A proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) modified nutritious biscuit: focus on in vitro digestion, tribological properties, and protein network analysis
Authors: Hu Yue , Tian Zhengzheng , Li Linlin , Lin Shunshun , Tian Xiaoling , Li Mengqin 
Published: January 2025

Summary
In this study, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L., PM), which is rich in protein and has a low glycemic index, was used as the primary raw material. Our objectives were to investigate the quality changes in millet when replacing low-gluten flour in the production of biscuits and to explore the feasibility of a new type of millet biscuit. We selected four high-quality varieties of millet to make biscuits: Japonica Red millet (JR), Japonica Yellow millet (JY), Glutinous Red millet (GR), and Glutinous Yellow millet (GY). The characterization and microstructural changes in the biscuits were determined. Finally, the biscuit quality was assessed via protein network analysis, tribological characterization, and in vitro digestion. The results indicated that the GR and GY biscuits had superior protein network connectivity, with 45.12% of the protein network area. However, the porosity of the JR and JY biscuits was approximately 10% higher than that of the GR and GY biscuits; the lowest porosity was 10.33% for the GR biscuits, and the highest porosity was 11.56% for the JY biscuits. Additionally, the friction coefficients of the JR and JY biscuits were consistently higher than those of the GR and GY biscuits; the friction coefficient of the JR biscuits at 60 s reached 0.86. Moreover, the RS content was higher for the JR and JY biscuits, and the highest RS content of 51.21% was observed for the JR biscuits, whereas the RDS content was higher for the GR and GY biscuits, with the highest RDS content reaching 45.64% for the GY biscuits. This study provides a new methodological approach and a theoretical basis for investigating quality changes in biscuits.
Effect of waxy corn starch on the quality of dough and fine dried noodles
Authors: Xue Yibo , Lv Linhua , Meng Lifei , Zhao Tiejun , Chen Ling 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the impact of waxy corn starch (WCS) on the quality of dough and fine dried noodles, along with its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that adding WCS (2%–8%) increased the dough's shear-thinning resistance, while adding WCS (4%–8%) alleviated dough retrogradation. Incorporating WCS (4%–6%) enhanced the breaking strength of fine dried noodles, reduced cooking loss, and improved cooking resistance. Water absorption in the noodles peaked with WCS additions of 6%–8%. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed a strengthened starch-protein binding and a tighter microstructure. Overall, these findings demonstrate that WCS has potential to improve the textural properties of fine dried noodles, significantly enhancing their edible quality and making them more suitable for patient consumption.
A polysaccharide F2 from Grifola frondosa depicted an excellent prebiotic effect against hyperglycemia by modulation of gut microbiota associated with SCFAs and BSH
Authors: Xie Ting , Huang Longhua , Zhong Wei , Yong Tianqiao , Hu Huiping , Xie Yizhen , Xiao Chun , Wu Qingping 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Grifola frondosa is an edible and medicinal fungus with various biological activities. Previously, we reported Gaylussacia frondosa polysaccharide F2 can improve insulin resistance in diabetic rats. In the present study, our aim was to identify its prebiotic function. The structure of polysaccharide F2 was obtained from gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and saccharide mapping. Simulated digestion and fecal bacteria fermentation of F2 in vitro was performed to investigate its digestion and fermentation characteristic. Dynamic changes of molecular weight and composition of F2 during digestion and fermentation were monitored by HPLC. The effects of F2 on intestinal microbiota were studied by 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The results of simulated digestion in vitro showed that F2 was not digested in saliva, but minor degraded in stomach and intestine. It was worth noting that the content of polysaccharide F2 decreased and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content increased during the fermentation process with fecal. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that F2 may reshape the structure of gut microbiota, and enrich microbial communities of Bacteriodes spp., Phascolarctobacterium spp., Enterococcus spp. and Veillonella spp. Data suggested F2 could be utilized by intestinal bacteria to produce hypoglycemic components, which was a promising prebiotic. The hypoglycemic mechanism of F2 may be associated with enhancement of SCFAs-producing bacteria (Enterococcus spp.) and BSH (Bile salt hydrolase)-producing bacteria (Bacteriodes spp. and Enterococcus spp.), acceleration the bile acids metabolism and SCFAs production.
Selected medium-chain dicarboxylic acid combinations: improving the shelf life and quality of salmon meat during refrigerated storage
Authors: Liao Zhengrui , Parumasivam Thaigarajan , Zhu Xiaotong , Tan Thuan-Chew , Alrosan Mohammad , Alu’ datt Muhammad H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Combining preservatives can increase their antimicrobial activities compared to using a single preservative. Three medium-chain dicarboxylic acids with previously validated antimicrobial activity, i.e., azelaic acid (AZA), succinic acid (SUA), and glutaric acid (GLA), were selected for this study to assess the potential for their development as novel combination preservatives. In the checkerboard assay, they exhibited high synergy in two-by-two combinations. However, they showed low antioxidant activity in antioxidant assays. Combining the two-part data (checkerboard and antioxidant synergistic assays), the most effective combinations of bacteriostatic and antioxidant were selected for the following application (i.e., GLA-AZA (2:1), GLA-SUA (1:1) and AZA-SUA (2:1)). Using two salmon models (sliced and minced samples), these combinations, especially AZA-SUA (2:1) at 2,000 μg/mL and 1,456 μg/g, shown synergistic effects on freshness during 12-day refrigerated storage. Expressly, AZA-SUA (2:1) preserved the quality of salmon slices for 9 days and minced salmon for 6 days in the best possible way, keeping the total viable count and Enterobacteriaceae count below the maximum limit, in contrast to the blank control group (3 days). The microbial counts in beef treated with AZA-SUA (2:1) were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) than those in the positive control group on day 12 of refrigerated storage. In addition, the combination of selected medium-chain dicarboxylic acids effectively preserved salmon quality by maintaining colour, pH, and moisture and reducing spoilage indicators like TVB-N and other microbial counts. The findings suggest that these unique combinations have the potential to be alternatives to conventional preservatives for retaining the freshness of fish products during refrigerated storage.
Effects of extrusion parameters on physicochemical properties of mung bean-brown rice extrudate for new product development
Authors: Mathad Girish Ningappa , Gavahian Mohsen , Lin Jenshinn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mung beans are excellent protein sources, along with a brown rice provide valuable nutritional components. This study aimed to develop a wholesome extruded snack by combining mung bean and brown rice and evaluating the effects of extrusion conditions on the extrudates’ key quality properties. For this purpose, 9 extrudate samples were formulated using mung bean and brown rice ratios of 60:40 and 70:30 under die temperatures of 100 and 110 °C and screw speeds of 300 and 350 rpm. The colour values, absorption index (WAI), expansion ratio (ER), textural properties, bulk density (BD), water-soluble index (WSI), oil absorption capacity (OAC), and antioxidant properties of samples were then analyzed. The results showed that changes in die temperature and screw speed significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased physicochemical properties such as protein (15.63–17.61%), ash (1.84–2.50%), crude fat (0.84–1.16%,) colour characteristics (e.g., ∆E: of 28.56–30.72), ER (2.48–3.36), WSI (21.28–35.37%) hardness (15.46–24.02 N), and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (65.23–72.95%), total phenolic content of the extrudates (60.7–99.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g) improved significantly. In contrast, BD, OAC, and WAI decreased with an increase in die temperature and Mung bean ratio (0.22–0.12 g/cm3, 0.99–0.79 g/g, 5.46 g/g–4.72 g/g, respectively). Results indicated that Mung bean and brown rice flour combinations produce new nutritious extrudate snacks, contributing to food nutrition improvement and diversification.
Bioactive compounds in chili peppers: a study on chicken meat quality
Authors: Ivane Ngouana Moffo Auriol , Romeo Fopa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chili pepper pericarp contains valuable alkylamides and phenols, offering a potential source of antioxidant compounds. While recognized as key antioxidants in chili peppers, their practical application in food systems remains relatively unexplored. This research focuses on isolating and utilizing polyphenol and alkylamide fractions from chili extracts in chicken breast meat. Analysis using MS/MS revealed 15 bioactive compounds in chili, with 3 identified as alkylamides and 12 as polyphenols. Evaluation of chicken breast meat quality, including colour, TVB-N, TBARS, carbonyl content, and microbiological aspects, showed that samples treated with the polyphenol fraction (PF 6 mg/mL) exhibited significant reductions in TBARS, TVB-N, and carbonyl content compared to the alkylamide fraction (AF 30 mg/mL), polyphenol fraction (PF 1.5 mg/mL), and control samples after storage. Additionally, these samples-maintained pH levels, improved meat color stability, and inhibited microbial growth of lactic acid bacteria, molds, and yeasts, psychrotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. Therefore, utilizing chili pepper component as natural preservatives in poultry products, such as chicken breast meat, represents a promising avenue for research to enhance product safety and quality.
‘Trend analysis of sustainability claims in meat and dairy product launches (2004–2023): a case study of UK, USA, and China’
Authors: Hutchings Scott C , Realini Carolina E , Noble Alasdair , Triadis Dimetre , Jones Richard T , Turner James A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The sustainability of pastoral farming must rapidly improve to protect land, water, and climate. However, producers of meat and dairy products also need economically viable pathways for this transition. One approach is accessing markets that prioritize sustainability attributes. This study investigated trends in new meat and dairy products launched with sustainability claims in the USA, China, and the UK from 2004 to 2023. Using data from the Mintel GNPD database and trend regression analysis, the number, share, and location quotient of such product launches were determined. Results showed significant growth in sustainability claims across all markets, with the UK experiencing faster growth for meat products, while the USA and China showed faster growth for dairy products. In both categories, the strongest growth was observed for claims related to Environmentally Friendly Packaging and Recyclable materials. For dairy products, Sustainable (Habitat/Resources) claims followed, while meat products showed growth in Animal Welfare claims. Differences across markets suggest producers should adopt a targeted, market-specific approach to capitalize on trends in sustainability-focused meat and dairy products.