bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melt‐Extruded Thermoplastic Liquid Crystal Elastomer Rotating Fiber Actuators
Authors: Lugger Sean J. D. , Engels Tom A. P. , Cardinaels Ruth , Bus Tom , Mulder Dirk J. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUntethered soft fiber actuators are advancing toward next‐generation artificial muscles, with rotating polymer fibers allowing controlled rotational deformations and contractions accompanied by torque and longitudinal forces. Current approaches, however, are based either on non‐recyclable and non‐reprogrammable thermosets, exhibit rotational deformations and torques with inadequate actuation performance, or involve intricate multistep processing and photopolymerization impeding scalable fabrication and manufacturing of millimeter‐thick fibers. Here, the melt‐extrusion and drawing of a 50 m long thermoplastic liquid crystal elastomer fiber with a ≈1.3 mm diameter on a large scale is reported. With the responsive thermoplastic material, rotating actuators are fabricated via easily exploited programming freedom resulting in large, reversible rotational deformations and torques. The actuation performance of the twisted fibers may be controlled by the programmed twisting density without complicated preparation steps or photocuring being required. The thermoplastic behavior enables fabrication of plied fibers, demonstrated as a triple helical twisted rope constructed from individual rotating fibers delivering up to three times as great rotational and longitudinal forces capable of reversibly opening and lifting a screw cap vial. Besides the programmability, the thermoplastic material employed lends itself to be completely reprocessed into other configurations with self‐healing properties in contrast to thermosets.
Spotlight on Luminescence Thermometry: Basics, Challenges, and Cutting‐Edge Applications
Authors: Brites Carlos D. S. , Marin Riccardo , Suta Markus , Carneiro Neto Albano N. , Ximendes Erving , Jaque Daniel , Carlos Luís D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLuminescence (nano)thermometry is a remote sensing technique that relies on the temperature dependency of the luminescence features (e.g., bandshape, peak energy or intensity, and excited state lifetimes and risetimes) of a phosphor to measure temperature. This technique provides precise thermal readouts with superior spatial resolution in short acquisition times. Although luminescence thermometry is just starting to become a more mature subject, it exhibits enormous potential in several areas, e.g., optoelectronics, photonics, micro‐ and nanofluidics, and nanomedicine. This work reviews the latest trends in the field, including the establishment of a comprehensive theoretical background and standardized practices. The reliability, repeatability, and reproducibility of the technique are also discussed, along with the use of multiparametric analysis and artificial‐intelligence algorithms to enhance thermal readouts. In addition, examples are provided to underscore the challenges that luminescence thermometry faces, alongside the need for a continuous search and design of new materials, experimental techniques, and analysis procedures to improve the competitiveness, accessibility, and popularity of the technology
Growth of 2D Cr2O3–CrN Mosaic Heterostructures with Tunable Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism
Authors: He Liqiong , Nong Huiyu , Tan Junyang , Wu Qinke , Zheng Rongxu , Zhao Shilong , Yu Qiangmin , Wang Jingwei , Liu Bilu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract2D magnets have generated much attention due to their potential for spintronic devices. Heterostructures of 2D magnets are interesting platforms for exploring physical phenomena and applications. However, the controlled growth of 2D room‐temperature ferromagnetic heterostructures is challenging. Here, one‐pot chemical vapor deposition growth of stable 2D Cr2O3–CrN mosaic heterostructures (MHs) is reported with a controlled ratio of components that possess robust room‐temperature ferromagnetism. The 2D MHs consist of Cr2O3 flakes with embedded CrN subdomains and the CrN:Cr2O3 ratio can be tuned from 0% to 100% during growth. By changing the CrN:Cr2O3 ratio, the ferromagnetism of the MHs (e.g., saturation magnetization, coercive field), which originates from the interfacial coupling between Cr2O3 and CrN, can be controlled. Importantly, the obtained Cr2O3–CrN MHs are stable in air at elevated temperatures and have robust ferromagnetism with Curie temperature >400 K. This work presents a facile method for fabricating 2D MHs with tunable magnetism which will benefit high‐temperature spintronics.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Amide Synthesis in Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Procopio Debora , Marset Xavier , Guillena Gabriela , Di Gioia Maria Luisa , Ramón Diego J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the present study, for the first time environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are used as reaction media to perform an efficient, simple and straightforward photocatalytic amide synthesis at room temperature using thioacids and amines. This method features mild conditions, a broad substrate scope, high yields (≤99%) under ambient conditions with air and moisture tolerance. Moreover, the applied operationally mild reaction conditions tolerate the presence of several different functional group substituents on the amine counterpart. Finally, the developed approach allows the recycling of the reaction medium and catalyst for at least three consecutive cycles without a significant decrease in the reaction yield.
Correlating the Hybridization of Local‐Exciton and Charge‐Transfer States with Charge Generation in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Qian Deping , Pratik Saied Md , Liu Qi , Dong Yifan , Zhang Rui , Yu Jianwei , Gasparini Nicola , Wu Jiaying , Zhang Tiankai , Coropceanu Veaceslav , Guo Xia , Zhang Maojie , Bredas Jean‐Luc , Gao Feng , Durrant James R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn organic solar cells with very small energetic‐offset (ΔELE − CT), the charge‐transfer (CT) and local‐exciton (LE) states strongly interact via electronic hybridization and thermal population effects, suppressing the non‐radiative recombination. Here, we investigated the impact of these effects on charge generation and recombination. In the blends of PTO2:C8IC and PTO2:Y6 with very small, ultra‐fast CT state formation was observed, and assigned to direct photoexcitation resulting from strong hybridization of the LE and CT states (i.e., LE‐CT intermixed states). These states in turn accelerate the recombination of both CT and charge separated (CS) states. Moreover, they can be significantly weakened by an external‐electric field, which enhanced the yield of CT and CS states but attenuated the emission of the device. This study highlights that excessive LE‐CT hybridization due to very low , whilst enabling direct and ultrafast charge transfer and increasing the proportion of radiative versus non‐radiative recombination rates, comes at the expense of accelerating recombination losses competing with exciton‐to‐charge conversion process, resulting in a loss of photocurrent generation.
Soil management considerations for water resiliency in a changing climate
Authors: Heitman Joshua L. , Kool Dilia , Carvalho Henrique D. R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProviding adequate water for crops is a key consideration for agricultural resiliency. Climate change is expected to exert substantial pressure on crop water supplies through increased rainfall variability and increased evaporative demand. The temporal and spatial variability of these climate change impacts, in combination with many feedbacks, at times operating at different scales, makes identifying specific, yet broadly applicable “one‐size‐fits‐all” soil management solutions challenging. Adaptations that work well in one location may represent a poor management choice in another. Considering the local combinations of climate, soils, and crop production systems is fundamental for identifying appropriate strategies. Nonetheless, some broadly applicable soil management pathways for increasing soil water availability can be identified: (i) maximizing rainfall capture, (ii) maximizing soil water storage capacity (intensity × volume), and (iii) suppressing unproductive evaporative water losses, particularly during intervals when leaf area of the primary crop is low. Selecting climate, soil, and production‐system‐appropriate tillage and surface cover management practices is among the most relevant considerations for improving soil water availability. Maintaining surface cover favors evaporation suppression and increased capture of precipitation. Tillage choices affect internal soil water storage through impacts on soil properties that influence storage intensity and by altering the volume of soil available for root growth, as well as through effects on surface cover. Promoted management practices aimed at improving soil water availability for increased agricultural resiliency must be practically feasible and cost‐effective in order to support their broad adoption, and such constraints should be an important consideration in their development.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer in Japan: Consensus meeting at the 77th general meeting of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery
Authors: Tokunaga Masanori , Kurokawa Yukinori , Fukagawa Takeo , Muro Kei , Shitara Kohei , Kodera Yasuhiro , Terashima Masanori 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTreatment strategy for locally advanced gastric cancer differs worldwide. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is considered one of the promising treatment options for locally advanced gastric cancer, even in Japan, and clinical trials have been conducted or are ongoing. A consensus meeting was organized at the 77th general meeting of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery in 2022, in which the current status and future prospects of NAC for locally advanced gastric cancer were discussed. Participants at the meeting looked forward to the results of the JCOG1509 trial, providing solid evidence regarding NAC. The optimal indications and regimens for NAC were also debated. Patients with cStage III gastric cancer are the main targets of NAC in Japan, and a doublet regimen of S‐1 and oxaliplatin was preferred by the participants. However, the feasibility of a triplet regimen with S‐1, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel, and that with 5‐FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel has been demonstrated, and these could become treatment options in Japan. Other points of discussion include perioperative chemotherapy to avoid peritoneal recurrence and for patients with dMMR/MSI‐high tumors. The panel regarded NAC as a promising treatment option, and NAC will become the standard treatment for cStage III gastric cancer in Japan if an ongoing clinical trial successfully demonstrates its efficacy.
Ionic liquids for highly efficient methyl chloride capture and dehydration
Authors: Gui Chengmin , Zhu Ruisong , Song Minghao , Li Guoxuan , Lei Zhigang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA new methyl chloride (CH3Cl) capture and dehydration process using two ionic liquids (ILs) was designed and systematically studied. ILs [EMIM][Ac] and [EMIM][BF4] were screened out as CH3Cl capture and drying absorbents through the COSMO‐RS model. The result of solubility experiment suggests [EMIM][Ac] has an excellent solvent capacity for CH3Cl at mild operation conditions. The bench‐scale CH3Cl absorption experiments further confirmed the outstanding CH3Cl capture ability of [EMIM][Ac]. Besides, the water content of outlet gas can be decreased to 452 ppm (mass fraction) using [EMIM][BF4] in the dehydration experiment. The industrial‐scale CH3Cl capture and dehydration process was simulated and optimized. Compared to the benchmarked triethylene glycol process, IL process has higher product purity (99.99 wt%), and lower energy consumption. The quantum chemical calculations clearly revealed the relationship between hydrogen bond and separation performance. This study provides a decision‐making basis for designing green process associated with volatile organic compounds.
Systemic complement activation influences outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: A prospective French multicenter trial
Authors: Notarantonio Anne Béatrice , D'aveni‐Piney Maud , Pagliuca Simona , Ashraf Yayha , Galimard Jacques‐Emanuel , Xhaard Aliénor , Marçais Ambroise , Suarez Felipe , Brissot Eolia , Feugier Pierre , Urien Saik , Bouazza Naim , Jacquelin Sébastien , Meatchi Tchao , Bruneval Patrick , Frémeaux‐Bacchi Véronique , Peffault De Latour Régis , Hermine Olivier , Durey‐Dragon Marie Agnès , Rubio Marie‐Thérèse 
Published: July 2023

AbstractComplement activation has shown a role in murine models of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) and in endothelial complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). However, its impact on post‐transplant outcomes has not been so far fully elucidated. Here, we conducted a prospective multicentric trial (NCT01520623) performing serial measurements of complement proteins, regulators, and CH50 activity for 12 weeks after allo‐HSCT in 85 patients receiving a myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen for various hematological malignancies. Twenty‐six out of 85 patients showed an “activated” complement profile through the classical/lectin pathway, defined as a post‐transplant decline of C3/C4 and CH50 activity. Time‐dependent Cox regression models demonstrated that complement activation within the first weeks after allo‐HSCT was associated with increased non‐relapse mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.69, 95% confident interval [CI]: 1.55–8.78, p = .003) and poorer overall survival (HR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.37–5.39, p = .004) due to increased incidence of grade II–IV acute GVHD and in particular gastrointestinal (GI) GVHD (HR: 36.8, 95% CI: 12.4–109.1, p < .001), higher incidences of thrombotic microangiopathy (HR: 8.58, 95% CI: 2.16–34.08, p = .0022), capillary leak syndrome (HR: 7.36, 95% CI: 2.51–21.66, p = .00028), post‐engraftment bacterial infections (HR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.22–4.63, p = .0108), and EBV reactivation (HR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.31–8.45, p = .0112). Through specific immune staining, we showed the correlation of deposition of C1q, C3d, C4d, and of C5b9 components on endothelial cells in GI GVHD lesions with the histological grade of GVHD. Altogether these findings define the epidemiology and the clinical impact of complement classical/lectin pathway activation after MAC regimens and provide a rational for the use of complement inhibitory therapeutics in a post‐allo‐HSCT setting.
Direct impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on rhinology practice
Authors: Sutton Sarah R. , Taniguchi April N. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Soler Zachary M. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: July 2023

Key Points
The pandemic caused an increase in computed tomography imaging in patients with sinusitis, which persisted post‐COVID.
Nasal endoscopies significantly decreased during COVID but returned to pre‐COVID levels in 2022.
The management of cerebrospinal fluid leaks, tumors, and orbital pathology was not impacted by the pandemic.
Fluorogenic and Cell‐Permeable Rhodamine Dyes for High‐Contrast Live‐Cell Protein Labeling in Bioimaging and Biosensing
Authors: Si Dongjuan , Li Quanlin , Bao Yifan , Zhang Jingye , Wang Lu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe advancement of fluorescence microscopy techniques has opened up new opportunities for visualizing proteins and unraveling their functions in living biological systems. Small‐molecule organic dyes, which possess exceptional photophysical properties, small size, and high photostability, serve as powerful fluorescent reporters in protein imaging. However, achieving high‐contrast live‐cell labeling of target proteins with conventional organic dyes remains a considerable challenge in bioimaging and biosensing due to their inadequate cell permeability and high background signal. Over the past decade, a novel generation of fluorogenic and cell‐permeable dyes has been developed, which have substantially improved live‐cell protein labeling by fine‐tuning the reversible equilibrium between a cell‐permeable, nonfluorescent spirocyclic state (unbound) and a fluorescent zwitterion (protein‐bound) of rhodamines. In this review, we present the mechanism and design strategies of these fluorogenic and cell‐permeable rhodamines, as well as their applications in bioimaging and biosensing.
Strategies for improving product properties of thermoformed multilayer cups with contents of post‐consumer polypropylene recyclates
Authors: Traxler Ines , Laske Stephan , Fischer Jörg 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThermoformed products bear great potential for the application of recycled materials when using multilayer structures for incorporating post‐consumer recyclates. For this study, four different commercially available polypropylene recyclates are selected as possible core layers for the processing of multilayer thermoformed products with top layers of virgin polypropylene. Tests are performed on material level as well as on product level. At the material level, recyclates exhibit different mechanical property profiles with lower stiffness but higher toughness values due to polyethylene contamination. At the product level, thermoformed cups with core layers of recyclate material show lower shrinkage than cups made from polypropylene virgin material only. Most cups with recycled content achieve lower top load than the control cup. Based on these results, three strategies for improving product performance are defined and tested. Namely, (i) the use of a higher share of top layers, (ii) the blending of the recyclate core layer with a polypropylene virgin material with higher stiffness, and (iii) the increase in overall film thickness. All the strategies to adjust the film structure achieve better results in terms of shrinkage behavior and top load. However, the strategy that focuses on increasing the overall film thickness is not economically feasible.
A novel strategy to functionalize styrene butadiene rubber toward enhanced interfacial interaction with silica
Authors: Xu Yihui , Liu Yudong , Qin Xuan , Liu Jun , Zhang Liqun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIncorporation of nanofillers (such as silica) into elastomer matrix is the most common strategy to prepare high‐performance rubber products. However, the poor dispersion of nanofillers in non‐affinity rubber materials and the weak interfacial interaction significantly limit the processing and mechanical properties. To reduce the polarity difference and enhance the interfacial interaction between silica and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), we prepared a hydroxyethyl acrylate‐grafted SBR (SBR‐g‐HEA) through the redox initiator system, and subsequently fabricated SBR‐g‐HEA/silica nanocomposites by simple mechanical blending. The effects of reaction conditions on the grafting rate were studied in detail. ATR‐FTIR and 1H‐NMR collectively confirmed the successful grafting of HEA groups on SBR molecular chains, and the grafting fraction could be regulated from 0% to 2.5%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and rubber processing analyzer (RPA) showed that the incorporation of HEA could significantly improve the dispersion of silica nanoparticles in SBR matrix. Notably, the resulting SBR‐g‐HEA exhibited significantly enhanced attributes when compared to their unmodified counterparts, including superior mechanical properties, improved wear resistance, and reduced heat generation. The strategy proposed here provided insights toward the fabrication of non‐affinity rubber/filler nanocomposites for high‐performance rubber products and green tire.
High‐performance main‐chain polybenzoxazine composites by incorporating multi‐walled carbon nanotubes with different surfacial structure: Mechanical properties, thermal stability and mechanisms
Authors: Li Xin Kang , Jiang Bing , Wei Cong , Lin Hai Lan , Zhao Wei , Ni Ke Yang , Mu Yan Xiao , Bian Jun , Chen Dai Qiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerein, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different surfacial structure were first designed and synthesized, and then incorporated into main‐chain polybenzoxazine (PBZ) to fabricate PBZ composites. Fourier transform infrared results showed that the ring‐opening crosslinking process of benzoxazine (BZ) oligomer was catalyzed due to the existence of COOH and NH2 groups on the surface of MWCNTs. The enhanced interface interactions between MWCNTs‐fBZ and PBZ contributed to the improvement of the mechanical properties. When the MWCNTs‐fBZ content was 1.5%, the MWCNTs‐fBZ/PBZ composites had excellent tensile strength of 102.64 MPa. The highest impact strength, which was 15.96 kJ/m2 and 64.15% higher than that of neat PBZ at 1.5% MWCNTs‐fBZ was achieved. Through the Halpin‐Tsai equation, combined with the experimental results, the correction factor was obtained to predict the mechanical properties. FESEM observations showed that the dispersion of MWCNTs in the PBZ matrix depended on the functional groups of MWCNTs. TGA tests and Horowitz‐Metzger calculation found that the thermal decomposition temperature of the composites reached 451.7°C and had the highest decomposition activation energy of 153.20 kJ/mol at 2% MWCNTs‐fBZ. In summary, the obtained MWCNTs‐fBZ/PBZ composite showed excellent comprehensive performance and can potentially be used as advanced engineering material in demanding environments.
Visuospatial ability and student approach to learning as predictors of academic performance on written versus laboratory‐based assessments in human anatomy
Authors: Wang Catherine , McWatt Sean C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs hours devoted to human anatomy curricula fall under threat and curricular delivery methods remain in flux, many new teaching innovations are emerging, which require comprehensive evaluation to ensure evidence‐based teaching is maintained. Although grades are the predominant measure of ‘learning’, alternative metrics can assess more nuanced and meaningful outcomes. Two common predictors of students' three‐dimensional understanding of the body and depth of learning are visuospatial abilities and approaches to learning, respectively. This study evaluated and compared the relative predictive power of these metrics on written and laboratory‐based assessments in a human anatomy course. Deep approaches to learning and visuospatial abilities were expected to positively correlate with overall performance, with visuospatial abilities being the more salient predictor, especially on laboratory‐based assessments. Additionally, visuospatial abilities were expected to positively correlate with deep learning approaches and negatively correlate with surface learning approaches. Multiple linear regression models controlling for covariates found that both visuospatial abilities (p = 0.049; p = 0.014) and deep learning approaches (p = 0.001; p = 0.001) were independent significant predictors of final and laboratory‐based grades, while only deep learning approaches were significantly predictive of written grades (p = 0.007). There was no significant relationship between visuospatial abilities and approaches to learning. Given these findings and the increased reliance on visuospatially demanding digital learning activities in anatomy, both metrics should be considered when evaluating the impact of teaching innovations. Further, educators should design learning resources and environments that train visuospatial abilities and promote deeper learning approaches to maximize students' success.