bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Love of the Book: Students' Text Selection and Their Motivation to Read
Authors: Konrad Maggie Hoddinott 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between the books students select for independent reading and their motivation to read. Instructional recommendations based on key findings are presented. To gather data, study participants completed the Motivation to Read Profile‐Revised. They also shared information about the books they had selected for independent reading on the day they completed the MRP. Analysis of the data revealed significant, positive correlations between students' enjoyment of their chosen books and their motivation to read. Enjoyment was also significantly and positively correlated with students' perceived value of reading, their self‐concept as readers, and the amount of time they reported reading during their free time. Associations between motivation and other features of the book (i.e., format, genre, number of pages) were not statistically significant. Follow‐up semi‐structured interviews provided insights into these findings. This study adds further support for the importance of matching children with compelling texts.
miR‐10b‐5p rescues leaky gut linked with gastrointestinal dysmotility and diabetes
Authors: Zogg Hannah , Singh Rajan , Ha Se Eun , Wang Zhuqing , Jin Byungchang , Ha Mariah , Dafinone Mirabel , Batalon Tylar , Hoberg Nicholas , Poudrier Sandra , Nguyen Linda , Yan Wei , Layden Brian T. , Dugas Lara R. , Sanders Kenton M. , Ro Seungil 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground/AimDiabetes has substantive co‐occurrence with disorders of gut‐brain interactions (DGBIs). The pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms linking diabetes and DGBIs are unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of diabetes and gut dysmotility. We investigated whether impaired gut barrier function is regulated by a key miRNA, miR‐10b‐5p, linking diabetes and gut dysmotility.MethodsWe created a new mouse line using the Mb3Cas12a/Mb3Cpf1 endonuclease to delete mir‐10b globally. Loss of function studies in the mir‐10b knockout (KO) mice were conducted to characterize diabetes, gut dysmotility, and gut barrier dysfunction phenotypes in these mice. Gain of function studies were conducted by injecting these mir‐10b KO mice with a miR‐10b‐5p mimic. Further, we performed miRNA‐sequencing analysis from colonic mucosa from mir‐10b KO, wild type, and miR‐10b‐5p mimic injected mice to confirm (1) deficiency of miR‐10b‐5p in KO mice, and (2) restoration of miR‐10b‐5p after the mimic injection.ResultsCongenital loss of mir‐10b in mice led to the development of hyperglycemia, gut dysmotility, and gut barrier dysfunction. Gut permeability was increased, but expression of the tight junction protein Zonula occludens‐1 was reduced in the colon of mir‐10b KO mice. Patients with diabetes or constipation‐ predominant irritable bowel syndrome, a known DGBI that is linked to leaky gut, had significantly reduced miR‐10b‐5p expression. Injection of a miR‐10b‐5p mimic in mir‐10b KO mice rescued these molecular alterations and phenotypes.ConclusionsOur study uncovered a potential pathophysiologic mechanism of gut barrier dysfunction that links both the diabetes and gut dysmotility phenotypes in mice lacking miR‐10b‐5p. Treatment with a miR‐10b‐5p mimic reversed the leaky gut, diabetic, and gut dysmotility phenotypes, highlighting the translational potential of the miR‐10b‐5p mimic.
Externally validated prediction models for pre‐eclampsia: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tiruneh S. A. , Vu T. T. T. , Moran L. J. , Callander E. J. , Allotey J. , Thangaratinam S. , Rolnik D. L. , Teede H. J. , Wang R. , Enticott J. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the performance of existing externally validated prediction models for pre‐eclampsia (PE) (specifically, any‐onset, early‐onset, late‐onset and preterm PE).MethodsA systematic search was conducted in five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Emcare, CINAHL and Maternity & Infant Care Database) and using Google Scholar/reference search to identify studies based on the Population, Index prediction model, Comparator, Outcome, Timing and Setting (PICOTS) approach until 20 May 2023. We extracted data using the CHARMS checklist and appraised the risk of bias using the PROBAST tool. A meta‐analysis of discrimination and calibration performance was conducted when appropriate.ResultsTwenty‐three studies reported 52 externally validated prediction models for PE (one preterm, 20 any‐onset, 17 early‐onset and 14 late‐onset PE models). No model had the same set of predictors. Fifteen any‐onset PE models were validated externally once, two were validated twice and three were validated three times, while the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) competing‐risks model for preterm PE prediction was validated widely in 16 different settings. The most common predictors were maternal characteristics (prepregnancy body mass index, prior PE, family history of PE, chronic medical conditions and ethnicity) and biomarkers (uterine artery pulsatility index and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A). The FMF model for preterm PE (triple test plus maternal factors) had the best performance, with a pooled area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.90 (95% prediction interval (PI), 0.76–0.96), and was well calibrated. The other models generally had poor‐to‐good discrimination performance (median AUC, 0.66 (range, 0.53–0.77)) and were overfitted on external validation. Apart from the FMF model, only two models that were validated multiple times for any‐onset PE prediction, which were based on maternal characteristics only, produced reasonable pooled AUCs of 0.71 (95% PI, 0.66–0.76) and 0.73 (95% PI, 0.55–0.86).ConclusionsExisting externally validated prediction models for any‐, early‐ and late‐onset PE have limited discrimination and calibration performance, and include inconsistent input variables. The triple‐test FMF model had outstanding discrimination performance in predicting preterm PE in numerous settings, but the inclusion of specialized biomarkers may limit feasibility and implementation outside of high‐resource settings. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants on the management of mastitis in dairy cows: A systematic review
Authors: Kaseke Tinotenda Blessing , Chikwambi Zedias , Gomo Calvin , Mashingaidze Arnold Bray , Murungweni Chrispen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMastitis is a disease of economic importance in dairy production systems. The common management regime for mastitis is the use of synthetic antibiotics, giving a new problem of antibiotic resistance. There is, therefore, a need to prospect for alternatives to conventional antibiotics from herbal plants.ObjectivesThis systematic review evaluates the use of plants as alternatives for the control of mastitis in dairy cattle, focussing on the effectiveness of studied plants and plant‐based products and possible implications on the use of these products in livestock health.MethodologyThe PRISMA model was implemented with searches done in five electronic databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Ovid and Research4Life. Data were extracted from 45 studies with 112 plant species from plant species belonging to 42 different families. The specific keywords were 'mastitis', 'dairy cows' and 'medicinal plants'.ResultsThe most cited plant species includedAllium sativumL.,Azadirachta indicaandEucalyptus globulusLabill with the latter further exploring its components. Microbial species causing mastitis mainly wereStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coli. The extraction methods used included maceration approach using ethanol, methanol and water as solvents for phytochemicals and chromatographic techniques for essential oils. A few studies explored the mode of action, and toxicities of the herbal extracts as well as evaluating their efficacy in clinical trials using animal models.ConclusionPlants with defined levels of phytochemicals were essential sources of antibacterials. Standardisation of analytical methods is required.
Acute coenurosis in lambs
Authors: Abdollahi Mostafa , Lotfollahzadeh Samad , Shokrpoor Sara , Daneshi Mojtaba , Abolhasani Darounkola Moein 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSix 100‐day‐old mixed‐breed lambs were examined in a farm with a semi‐intensive system due to neurologic signs. Cachexia, bilateral blindness, stupor, severe drowsiness and lethargy with left and right movements of the head and neck were recorded after awakening and stimulation. Lambs died 10 days after the onset of the clinical signs. The lambs were necropsied, and after routine parasitology, bacteriology and histopathology, the occurrence of acute coenurosis was confirmed due to finding multiple cystic structures in the brain tissue. All lambs of the herd were treated with albendazole (orally, 25 mg/kg, two doses with an interval of 14 days). All shepherd dogs were treated with popantel (orally, one tablet/10 kg, two doses with an interval of 14 days). The affected lambs died despite this treatment. No new case of the disease was observed after the initiation of control measures. The present study shows the importance of preventive measure against coenurosis in a semi‐intensive sheep farming system that includes implementing consistent parasite control programme in dogs being in contact with sheep.
VGOS VLBI Intensives Between macgo12m and wettz13s for the Rapid Determination of UT1-UTC
Authors: Schartner Matthias , Petrov Leonid , Plötz Christian , Lemoine Frank G. , Terrazas Eusebio , Soja Benedikt 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, we present a status update and preliminary results of the designated research and development VLBI Intensive program VGOS-INT-S, observed between macgo12m and wettz13s for the rapid determination of the Earth’s phase of rotation, expressed via UT1-UTC. Since 2021, 27 Intensive sessions have been observed successfully utilizing a special observation strategy alternating between high- and low-elevation scans for improved determination of delays caused by the neutral atmosphere. Between the end of January and mid of March 2022, VGOS-INT-S was among the most accurate Intensive programs. During this time, eight sessions were observed with an average formal error
$$\sigma _{\text{UT1-UTC}}$$

σ

UT1-UTC

of 3.1 µs and a bias w.r.t. IERS C04 of 1.1 µs. Later, the session performance decreased due to multiple technical difficulties.
Matter and Mind Matter
Authors: Birkoben Tom , Kohlstedt Hermann 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs a result of a hundred million years of evolution, living animals have adapted extremely well to their ecological niche. Such adaptation implies species-specific interactions with their immediate environment by processing sensory cues and responding with appropriate behavior. Understanding how living creatures perform pattern recognition and cognitive tasks is of particular importance for computing architectures: by studying these information pathways refined over eons of evolution, researchers may be able to streamline the process of developing more highly advanced, energy efficient autonomous systems. With the advent of novel electronic and ionic components along with a deeper understanding of information pathways in living species, a plethora of opportunities to develop completely novel information processing avenues are within reach. Here, we describe the basal information pathways in nervous systems, from the local neuron level to the entire nervous system network. The dual importance of local learning rules is addressed, from spike timing dependent plasticity at the neuron level to the interwoven morphological and dynamical mechanisms of the global network. Basal biological principles are highlighted, including phylogenies, ontogenesis, and homeostasis, with particular emphasis on network topology and dynamics. While in machine learning system training is performed on virgin networks without any a priori knowledge, the approach proposed here distinguishes itself unambiguously by employing growth mechanisms as a guideline to design novel computing architectures. Including fundamental biological information pathways that explore the spatiotemporal fundamentals of nervous systems has untapped potential for the development of entirely novel information processing systems. Finally, a benchmark for neuromorphic systems is suggested.
Bio-inspired, Neuromorphic Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Lenk Claudia , Ved Kalpan , Durstewitz Steve , Ivanov Tzvetan , Ziegler Martin , Hövel Philipp 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present an overview of recent developments in the area of acoustic sensing that is inspired by biology and realized by micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). To support understanding, an overview of the principles of human hearing is presented first. After the review of bio-inspired sensing systems, we continue with an outline of an adaptable acoustic MEMS-based sensor that offers adaptable sensing properties due to a simple, real-time feedback. The transducer itself is based on an active cantilever, which offers the advantage of an integrated deflection sensing based on piezoresistive elements and an integrated actuation using thermomechanical effects. We use a feedback loop, which is realized via a field-programmable gate array or analog circuits, to tune the dynamics of the sensor system. Thereby, the transfer characteristics can be switched between active, linear mode, for which the sensitivity and minimal detectable sound pressure level can be set by the feedback strength (similar to control of the quality factor), and an active nonlinear mode with compressive characteristics. The presented sensing system, which is discussed both from an experimental and theoretical point of view, offers real-time control for adaptation to different environments and application-specific sound detection with either linear or nonlinear characteristics.
Neuromorphic Circuits with Redox-Based Memristive Devices
Authors: Zahari Finn , Ziegler Martin , Doerwald Pouya , Wenger Christian , Kohlstedt Hermann 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter addresses opportunities for memristive devices in the framework of neuromorphic computing. Memristive devices are two-terminal circuit elements, comprising resistance and memory functionality. This simple and likewise ingeniously concept allows beneficial applications in numerous neuromorphic circuits. However, the electrical characteristics as well as the materials and technological framework of memristive devices need an optimization for each specific application. The chapter starts with a short overview of basic principles of biological data processing followed by a taxonomy of different bio-inspired computing architectures, divided into time-dependent and time-independent concepts. Furthermore, the requirements on particular memristive device properties, such as$$I\text {-}V$$I-Vlinearity, switching time, retention, number of states, time-dependency, and device variability, are discussed. The results of tangible examples of digital and analog memristive switching devices used in a deep neural network based on CMOS-integrated resistive random access memory devices (RRAMs) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) detection, in stochastic learning, in bio-inspired analog learning, and, finally, in oscillatory computing are presented and discussed.
Integration of Memristive Devices into a 130 nm CMOS Baseline Technology
Authors: Mahadevaiah Mamathamba Kalishettyhalli , Lisker Marco , Fraschke Mirko , Marschmeyer Steffen , Perez Eduardo , Quesada Emilio Perez-Bosch , Wenger Christian , Mai Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe two main features of the memristive devices which makes them the promising candidates for neuromorphic applications are low power consumption and CMOS compatibility. The monolithic integration of memristive devices with CMOS circuitry paves the way for in-memory computing. This chapter focuses on the factors governing the CMOS integration process. Firstly, the influence of CMOS baseline technology selection on the memristor module is briefly discussed. Secondly, the selection of metal level interconnects and their effect on the memristive device performance is explained. Further, the widely used deposition technique for the CMOS compatible memristive switching layers is presented. Finally, the implementation of the optimized process for the fabrication of the memristive module and its influence on the device performance is presented in terms of electrical characterization results.
Vorstellung LArS-Modul C: Critical Incidents
Authors: Kindlinger Marcus , Hahn-Laudenberg Katrin 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag stellen wir das LArS-Modul C („Critical Incidents“) vor. Wir geben zunächst einen Überblick über den allgemeinen Aufbau und gehen auf die einzelnen Modulteile ein. Anschließend werden theoretische Hintergründe der Gestaltung diskutiert und praktische Möglichkeiten zum Einsatz der Videos und Lehr-/Lernmaterialien aufgezeigt. Die Auswahl der Unterrichtssituationen und die Gestaltung der Aufgaben erfolgte mit Blick auf zwei fachdidaktische Schwerpunkte: dem Umgang mit Präkonzepten sowie dem Umgang mit Kontroversität.
Produktionsverfahren von Brennstoffzellen und -systemen
Authors: Heimes Heiner Hans , Kampker Achim , Dorn Benjamin , Schön Christoph , Hagedorn Sebastian , Reims Philipp , Müller-Roden Moritz 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Wertschöpfungskette von Brennstoffzellensystemen kann im Wesentlichen in drei übergeordnete Schritte unterteilt werden. Im ersten Schritt werden die Komponenten der Brennstoffzelle hergestellt, die den Kern des elektrochemischen Systems bilden. Die Produktion dieser Komponenten wird in Abschn. 16.1 erläutert. Im zweiten Schritt erfolgt die Fertigung des Brennstoffzellen-Stacks, innerhalb dessen die Komponenten zu Zellen assembliert und in Reihe verschaltet werden. Dieser Produktionsprozess ist Gegenstand von Abschn. 16.2. Abschließend wird in Abschn. 16.3 der dritte Schritt beschrieben: die Assemblierung des Brennstoffzellensystems.
Lösungsstrategien der Produktentstehung
Authors: Heimes Heiner Hans , Kampker Achim , Offermanns Christian , Sasse Konstantin , Gorsch Jonas , Kreisköther Kai , Förstmann Ruben , Nee Carsten 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungKostensenkungen in der Automobilindustrie werden häufig durch das Generieren von Skaleneffekten oder Produktivitätssteigerungen durch Lerneffekte erzielt. Angesichts bereits hocheffizienter Produktionsprozesse in der Automobilindustrie ist das darin liegende Potenzial heute jedoch für den Durchbruch der Elektromobilität nicht ausreichend. Effizienzsteigerungen sind deshalb auch in den vorgelagerten Bereichen der Entwicklung notwendig, um Elektrofahrzeuge wirtschaftlich herstellen zu können. Dies beginnt mit einem gezielten Kompetenzaufbau, bezogen auf die Komponententechnologie sowie deren Fertigung. Dafür bietet es sich an, Zulieferer mit den entsprechenden Kompetenzen in die Spezifikation und die Gestaltung des Produkts einzubinden und Wertschöpfungsbeiträge entsprechend zu vernetzen. Hinsichtlich der Prozessgestaltung ist für die Elektromobilproduktion von besonderer Bedeutung, dass Skalierungsmöglichkeiten für die Produktionsprozesse vorgehalten werden. Ziel dabei ist es, im Verlauf der Serienfertigung auf Stückzahlsteigerungen reagieren zu können. Damit diese Herausforderungen gelöst werden können, bedarf es Lösungsstrategien in der Produktentstehung der Elektromobilität. Diese werden in den folgenden Kapiteln erläutert. Ziel dabei ist es, durch erhöhte Systemkompetenz, Reaktionsfähigkeit auf Marktentwicklung und flexible Skalierbarkeit auf Technologieebene künftige Elektromobile immer effizienter zu entwickeln (vgl. Abb. 19.1).
Gesetzliche Anforderungen
Authors: Heimes Heiner Hans , Kampker Achim , Offermanns Christian , Kehrer Mario , Sasse Konstantin , Dünnwald Simon , Vienenkötter Janis , Meyer Amira , Frieges Moritz , Frank Merlin , Vetter Björn , Morche Dirk-W. , Genuit Klaus , Elsen Olaf 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungRegulatorische Vorgaben dienen sowohl der Nutzergruppe als auch dem produzierenden Unternehmen. Da zum Erfolg der Elektromobilität die breite Akzeptanz in der Gesellschaft essenziell ist, schaffen gesetzliche Anforderungen einen Rahmen, um die Funktionalität, die Kompatibilität und die Sicherheit des Produktes zu gewährleisten. Gleichzeitig wird den Unternehmen durch Marktharmonisierung und Konformitätsvorgaben der Rahmen zur erfolgreichen Teilhabe an der Elektromobilität vorgegeben. Diese sind entsprechend verpflichtet, einen Nachweis gegenüber Technischen Prüfstellen und Diensten zu erbringen. Je nach Fahrzeugklasse und Zulassungsart können die Vorgaben variieren. Dabei gilt es, verschiedene Normen und Standards zu erfüllen, die aus dem unabdingbaren, interdisziplinären Austausch zwischen den Domänen Automobiltechnik, Elektro- und Energietechnik sowie Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik hervorgehen. Durch elektromobilitätsspezifische Systemkomponenten und der Hochvolt-Spannungsebene im Fahrzeug legen die Vorschriften ein besonderes Augenmerk auf deren sicherheitstechnische Erfüllung. Bekannte Themenfelder – etwa wie Noise, Vibration und Harshness (NVH) oder die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (EMV) – stellen die Entwicklungsabteilungen aufgrund der „lautlosen“ Elektromobilität und der hohen Spannungsebene vor Herausforderungen. Neben den Regelungen auf Gesamtfahrzeugebene liegt in der Elektromobilität der Fokus vor allem auf den Einzelkomponenten, beispielsweise der Antriebsbatterie oder den Hochvolt-Steckverbindungen. Insbesondere wegen der hohen Energiedichten gelten für die Antriebsbatterien strenge, länderspezifische Vorgaben, die für die Zulassung notwendig sind. Nur durch eine enge entwicklungsbegleitende Absicherung kann die Antriebsbatterie den gesetzlichen Anforderungen entsprechend auf den Markt gebracht werden.
Einsatzfelder von Elektrofahrzeugen
Authors: Kuhnimhof Tobias , Porschen Marcel 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungTrotz ihrer bisher weiterhin geringen Marktdurchdringung sind Elektrofahrzeuge bereits heute in vielen verschiedenen Einsatzfeldern vorzufinden. Für die kommenden Jahre ist in allen Bereichen mit einem deutlichen Bedeutungszuwachs der Elektromobilität zu rechen. Die folgenden Unterkapitel widmen sich der Etablierung der Elektromobilität in der Individualmobilität von Privathaushaushalten, im öffentlichen Verkehr, in Mobilitätskonzepten und im Wirtschaftsverkehr.
Ladebedarf und Ladeinfrastrukturbedarf
Authors: Porschen Marcel , Kühnel Fabian , Kuhnimhof Tobias , Vertgewall Chris Martin , Wehbring Niklas , Ulbig Andreas 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDer heute dominierende, an vergleichsweise wenigen Standorten gebündelte Prozess der Energieaufnahme konventioneller Fahrzeuge in Form des Tankens dürfte durch die Elektromobilität auf vielfältige Weise dezentralisiert werden. Elektrofahrzeuge können an verschiedenen Standorten, an denen Strom verfügbar ist, geladen werden. Allerdings stehen nicht alle Lademöglichkeiten auch allen Fahrzeugen zur Verfügung.
Gezeitenwende in der Automobilindustrie
Authors: Kasperk Garnet , Fluchs Sarah , Hausmann Julius 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungÖkologische Regulierungen und veränderte Mobilitätsbedürfnisse treiben die Entwicklung alternativer Antriebstechnologien voran. Die globale Flotte der Elektrofahrzeuge wuchs im Jahr 2020 auf drei Millionen und 4,2 % der weltweiten Fahrzeugverkäufe. Dieses Wachstum der Registrierungen von Elektrofahrzeugen um 41 % im Vergleich zum Vorjahr ist auf technologische Entwicklungen, Förderpolitik und eine allmählich zunehmende Kundenakzeptanz zurückzuführen. Für das Jahr 2030 wird der Anteil rein batterieelektrisch betriebener Fahrzeuge (BEV) bei Neuwagenverkäufen auf etwa 35 % geschätzt.