bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopic entanglement wedges
Authors: de Mello Koch Robert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the holographic duality between the free O(N) vector model and higher spin gravity. Conserved spinning primary currents of the conformal field theory (CFT) are dual to spinning gauge fields in the gravity. Reducing to independent components of the conserved CFT currents one finds two components at each spin. After gauge fixing the gravity and then reducing to independent components, one finds two components of the gauge field at each spin. Collective field theory provides a systematic way to map between these two sets of degrees of freedom, providing a complete and explicit identification between the dynamical degrees of freedom of the CFT and the dual gravity. The resulting map exhibits many features expected of holographic duality: it provides a valid bulk reconstruction, it reproduces insights expected from the holography of information and it provides a microscopic derivation of entanglement wedge reconstruction.
Just accountability structures – a way to promote the safe use of automated decision-making in the public sector
Authors: Hirvonen Hanne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe growing use of automated decision-making (ADM) systems in the public sector and the need to control these has raised many legal questions in academic research and in policymaking. One of the timely means of legal control is accountability, which traditionally includes the ability to impose sanctions on the violator as one dimension. Even though many risks regarding the use of ADM have been noted and there is a common will to promote the safety of these systems, the relevance of the safety research has been discussed little in this context. In this article, I evaluate regulating accountability over the use of ADM in the public sector in relation to the findings of safety research. I conducted the study by focusing on ongoing regulatory projects regarding ADM, the Finnish ADM legislation draft and the EU proposal for the AI Act. The critical question raised in the article is what the role of sanctions is. I ask if official accountability could mean more of an opportunity to learn from mistakes, share knowledge and compensate for harm instead of control via sanctions.
Blurring the moral limits of data markets: biometrics, emotion and data dividends
Authors: Bakir Vian , Laffer Alexander , McStay Andrew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper considers what liberal philosopher Michael Sandel coins the ‘moral limits of markets’ in relation to the idea of paying people for data about their biometrics and emotions. With Sandel arguing that certain aspects of human life (such as our bodies and body parts) should be beyond monetisation and exchange, others argue that emerging technologies such as Personal Information Management Systems can enable a fairer, paid, data exchange between the individual and the organisation, even regarding highly personal data about our bodies and emotions. With the field of data ethics rarely addressing questions of payment, this paper explores normative questions about data dividends. It does so by conducting a UK-wide, demographically representative online survey to quantitatively assess adults’ views on being paid for personal data about their biometrics and emotions via a Personal Information Management System, producing a data dividend, a premise which sees personal data through the prism of markets and property. The paper finds diverse attitudes based on socio-demographic characteristics, the type of personal data sold, and the type of organisation sold to. It argues that (a) Sandel’s argument regarding the moral limits of markets has value in protecting fundamental freedoms of those in society who are arguably least able to (such as the poor); but (b) that contexts of use, in particular, blur moral limits regarding fundamental freedoms and markets.
Similar outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in paediatric and adult populations: a 1‐year follow‐up of 506 paediatric operations in Denmark
Authors: Madsen Maria Østergaard , Warming Susan , Rathcke Martin Wyman , Faunø Peter , Nielsen Torsten Grønbech , Herzog Robert Bennike , Lundgaard‐Nielsen Mathilde , Kourakis Anette Holm , Lind Martin , Krogsgaard Michael Rindom 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo present 1‐year results after all paediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions in Denmark (5.9 M inhabitants) for the 10½ year period, 1 July 2011 to 31 December 2021.MethodsAll children who had an ACL reconstruction were enrolled. They were asked to complete Pedi‐IKDC preoperatively and at 1‐year follow‐up. Independent observers performed pivot shift test and instrumented laxity assessment preoperatively and at 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsThe median age of the 506 children (47.2% girls) was 14.3 years (9.3–15.9). The Pedi‐IKDC score increased from preoperatively 61.6 ± 15.8 (mean ± SD) to 85.9 ± 13.0 at 1‐year follow‐up (p < 0.0001). There were concomitant injuries (to meniscus and/or cartilage) in 49.9%, but these children had preoperative and follow‐up Pedi‐IKDC scores similar to the scores for children with isolated injury to ACL (n. s.). Instrumented anterior laxity was 4.3 ± 1.4 (mean ± SD) mm preoperatively and 1.4 ± 1.4 mm at follow‐up (p < 0.0001). Preoperatively, 3% had no pivot shift whilst this was the case for 68% postoperatively (p < 0.0001). Twenty‐five children (5.6%) had 4 mm instrumented laxity or more relative to the unoperated knee at follow‐up. Two patients (0.4%) had an operatively treated deep infection, three (0.5%) were operated on for reduced range of motion and two (0.4%) had a revision ACL reconstruction.ConclusionACL reconstruction resulted in a clinically meaningful increase in Pedi‐IKDC, an improved instrumented stability, a reduction in the grade of pivot shift and the complication rate was low at 1‐year follow‐up. The risk of graft insufficiency at 1‐year follow‐up was the same as in an adult population.Level of EvidenceII.
Coronal and sagittal alignment of ankle joint is significantly affected by high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Oh Byung Hak , Seo Kyung Deok , Heo Youn Moo , Kim Tae Kyun , Choi Jae Kyu , Song Jae Hwang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeChanges in coronal and sagittal alignment of the knee joint after HTO have been reported in several previous studies. However, only few of them investigated the changes only on coronal alignment of the ankle joint. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in both coronal and sagittal alignment of the ankle joint after HTO.Methods46 patients (49 cases) who underwent HTO were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative lower extremity scanogram and EOS imaging system were investigated. The hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angle, medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and knee tibia plafond angle (KTPA) were measured by scanogram to evaluate coronal alignment of the knee. Tibial anterior surface angle (TAS), talar tilt (TT), tibial plafond inclination (TPI), and ankle joint axis point on the weight‐bearing‐line (AAWBL) ratio were measured by scanogram to investigate coronal alignment of the ankle. Knee lateral ankle surface angle (KLAS) and tibial lateral surface angle (TLS) were measured by EOS to evaluate sagittal alignment of the ankle.ResultsVarus alignment of the knee was corrected by significant change of the HKA angle (5.8 ± 3.1° vs. − 2.1 ± 2.8°, p < 0.001), MPTA (85.7 ± 2.9° vs. 91.7 ± 3.3°, p < 0.001), and KTPA (5.0 ± 3.5° vs. − 2.1 ± 4.2°, p < 0.001) after HTO. Regarding the ankle coronal alignment, there was significant change in TPI (3.9 ± 3.4° vs. − 0.9 ± 3.8°, p < 0.001) and AAWBL ratio (45.5 ± 14.7% vs. 61.6 ± 13.3%, p < 0.001). In sagittal alignment of the ankle, KLAS (4.5 ± 3.1° vs. 7.7 ± 3.7°, p < 0.001) significantly increased. Among the variables, the amount of correction in AAWBL ratio (R = 0.608, p < 0.01) showed strongest relationship with tibial correction angle.ConclusionBased on the present study, coronal and sagittal alignment of ankle joint was significantly affected by HTO. After HTO, AAWBL ratio increased due to lateralization of the ankle joint axis, and KLAS increased due to increased posterior tibial slope.Level of EvidenceIII.
On the use of low-cost 3D stereo depth camera to drive robot trajectories in contact-based applications
Authors: Zaki Ahmed Magdy Ahmed , Carnevale Marco , Schlette Christian , Giberti Hermes 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn production systems characterized by small batches and high customization levels, operations are required to be flexible to adapt to different products within the shortest possible time and with the minimum effort for system setup. Contact-based operations such as surface finishing, polishing, deburring, and material deposition are mandatory in the fabrication of numerous products. To maintain consistent performance over time, many of these operations require a high level of accuracy, both in end-effector positioning and contact force level. This paper proposes a robotic solution to generate the robot working trajectory for contact-based operations over the external surface of unknown objects of which a digital model is not available or different from the actual state of the workpiece. The paper introduces the integration process of RGBD images to construct a 3D model and its elaboration to extract the workpiece. Different searching subroutines have been developed to select different areas of the workpiece based on the operation to be carried on and generate the related trajectory. The evaluation metric of the proposed robotic solution is given by the stability of the contact force exerted by the robotic tool and the error between generated and the actually followed trajectory due to the depth estimation of a low-cost camera. A few millimeters of the inaccuracy of the trajectory are obtained; these inaccuracies are compensated using force control. Different tests with different nominal values of the force control loop are carried out. Statistical analysis shows that the mean values of the contact force obtained coincide with the nominal value of the single tests.
Guidance for statistical design and analysis of toxicological dose–response experiments, based on a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Kappenberg Franziska , Duda Julia C. , Schürmeyer Leonie , Gül Onur , Brecklinghaus Tim , Hengstler Jan G. , Schorning Kirsten , Rahnenführer Jörg 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe analysis of dose–response, concentration–response, and time–response relationships is a central component of toxicological research. A major decision with respect to the statistical analysis is whether to consider only the actually measured concentrations or to assume an underlying (parametric) model that allows extrapolation. Recent research suggests the application of modelling approaches for various types of toxicological assays. However, there is a discrepancy between the state of the art in statistical methodological research and published analyses in the toxicological literature. The extent of this gap is quantified in this work using an extensive literature review that considered all dose–response analyses published in three major toxicological journals in 2021. The aspects of the review include biological considerations (type of assay and of exposure), statistical design considerations (number of measured conditions, design, and sample sizes), and statistical analysis considerations (display, analysis goal, statistical testing or modelling method, and alert concentration). Based on the results of this review and the critical assessment of three selected issues in the context of statistical research, concrete guidance for planning, execution, and analysis of dose–response studies from a statistical viewpoint is proposed.
A systematic review of the role of clozapine for severe borderline personality disorder
Authors: Han Joshua , Allison Stephen , Looi Jeffrey C.L. , Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Bastiampillai Tarun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Rationale
Clozapine is a unique medication with a potential role in the treatment of severe borderline personality disorder (BPD).

Objectives
The review examines the effectiveness of clozapine as a medication for management for severe BPD with high risk of suicide, violence or imprisonment, and aims to help guide clinical practice in managing severe BPD.

Methods
A database search of the terms “Clozapine” AND “BPD”; “Antipsychotics” AND “BPD”; “Clozapine” AND “Borderline Personality Disorder”; and “Antipsychotics” AND “Borderline Personality Disorder” were performed in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PsychINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. Full-text articles of clinical clozapine use for BPD were included for review.

Results
A total of 24 articles consisting of 1 randomised control trial, 10 non-controlled trials, and 13 case reports were identified. Most of the studies reported benefits from clozapine when used for severe BPD. Many of the studies focused on clozapine use in BPD patients at high risk of suicide. Results from these non-controlled and case reports support the use of clozapine in patients with severe BPD at high risk of suicide.

Conclusion
There may be a role for clozapine in treating severe treatment refractory BPD, especially for those patients at high risk of suicide and frequent hospitalisations.
Importance of additional behavioral observation in psychopharmacology: a case study on agomelatine’s effects on feedback sensitivity in probabilistic reversal learning in rats
Authors: Noworyta Karolina , Cieslik-Starkiewicz Agata , Rygula Rafal 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince the second half of the twentieth century, many important discoveries in the field of behavioral psychopharmacology have been made using operant conditioning cages. These cages provide objective data collection and have revolutionized behavioral research. Unfortunately, in the rush towards automation, many mistakes may have been made that could have been avoided by observing experimental animals. The study described in this paper is an excellent example of how important additional behavioral observation can be for interpreting instrumental data. In this study, we evaluated the effects of single injections of 3 different doses of agomelatine (5, 10, and 40 mg/kg) on feedback sensitivity in rats. To this end, we tested 40 animals in the instrumental probabilistic reversal learning task in a Latin square design. The highest applied dose of agomelatine, prima facie, reduced the sensitivity of rats to negative feedback — an effect that can be considered antidepressant. However, additional behavioral observation dramatically changed the interpretation of the results and revealed that the perceived effect of agomelatine on sensitivity to negative feedback can actually be attributed to drug-induced drowsiness.
Functional materials based on wood, carbon nanotubes, and graphene: manufacturing, applications, and green perspectives
Authors: Łukawski Damian , Hochmańska-Kaniewska Patrycja , Janiszewska-Latterini Dominika , Lekawa-Raus Agnieszka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDriven by the quest for greener and more sustainable materials, the presented review analyzes recent studies in which wood and wood-based materials were combined with carbon nanomaterials in the form of carbon nanotubes and graphene. The analysis shows a close kinship between these two carbon-based materials. The first studies have shown that wood may be directly transformed intosp2-bonded carbons, i.e., form graphene-like structures. Further, it has been demonstrated that both carbon nanotubes and graphene can be used to coat or infiltrate wood and processed wood-based materials such as flexible wood sponges or biochars. Thanks to the unique electrical, mechanical, thermal, and wetting properties of graphene and carbon nanotubes, their wood-based nanocomposites were shown to have many potential applications in green electronics area or as nanodevices. Finally, a new range of studies in the area of wood composites showed that carbon nanomaterials integrated into wood-based boards could improve the properties of the former ones. The presented review shows that this emerging area of research on wood-based materials, graphene, and carbon nanotubes is highly promising and interesting in the context of new applications and future perspectives for sustainable development.
Engineering of thioesterase YciA from Haemophilus influenzae for production of carboxylic acids
Authors: Pöschel Laura , Guevara-Martínez Mónica , Hörnström David , van Maris Antonius J. A. , Buchhaupt Markus 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Acyl-CoA-thioesterases, which hydrolyze acyl-CoA-esters and thereby release the respective acid, have essential functions in cellular metabolism and have also been used to produce valuable compounds in biotechnological processes. Thioesterase YciA originating from Haemophilus influenzae has been previously used to produce specific dicarboxylic acids from CoA-bound intermediates of the ethylmalonyl CoA pathway (EMCP) in Methylorubrum extorquens. In order to identify variants of the YciA enzyme with the capability to hydrolyze so far inaccessible CoA-esters of the EMCP or with improved productivity, we engineered the substrate-binding region of the enzyme. Screening a small semi-rational mutant library directly in M.extorquens yielded the F35L variant which showed a drastic product level increase for mesaconic acid (6.4-fold) and 2-methylsuccinic acid (4.4-fold) compared to the unaltered YciA enzyme. Unexpectedly, in vitro enzyme assays using respective M.extorquens cell extracts or recombinantly produced thioesterases could not deliver congruent data, as the F35L variant showed strongly reduced activity in these experiments. However, applied in an Escherichia coli production strain, the protein variant again outperformed the wild-type enzyme by allowing threefold increased 3-hydroxybutyric acid product titers. Saturation mutagenesis of the codon for position 35 led to the identification of another highly efficient YciA variant and enabled structure-function interpretations. Our work describes an important module for dicarboxylic acid production with M. extorquens and can guide future thioesterase improvement approaches.

Key points
• Substitutions at position F35 of YciAHI changed the productivity of YciA-based release of carboxylic acid products in M. extorquens AM1 and E. coli.
• YciAHI F35N and F35L are improved variants for dicarboxylic production of 2-methylsuccinic acid and mesaconic acid with M. extorquens AM1.
• In vitro enzyme assays did not reveal superior properties of the optimized protein variants.
Extracellular RNAs released by plant-associated fungi: from fundamental mechanisms to biotechnological applications
Authors: Cheng An-Po , Kwon Seomun , Adeshara Trusha , Göhre Vera , Feldbrügge Michael , Weiberg Arne 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Extracellular RNAs are an emerging research topic in fungal-plant interactions. Fungal plant pathogens and symbionts release small RNAs that enter host cells to manipulate plant physiology and immunity. This communication via extracellular RNAs between fungi and plants is bidirectional. On the one hand, plants release RNAs encapsulated inside extracellular vesicles as a defense response as well as for intercellular and inter-organismal communication. On the other hand, recent reports suggest that also full-length mRNAs are transported within fungal EVs into plants, and these fungal mRNAs might get translated inside host cells. In this review article, we summarize the current views and fundamental concepts of extracellular RNAs released by plant-associated fungi, and we discuss new strategies to apply extracellular RNAs in crop protection against fungal pathogens.

Key points
• Extracellular RNAs are an emerging topic in plant-fungal communication.
• Fungi utilize RNAs to manipulate host plants for colonization.
• Extracellular RNAs can be engineered to protect plants against fungal pathogens.
Measures and models of visual acuity in epipelagic and mesopelagic teleosts and elasmobranchs
Authors: Caves Eleanor M. , Sutton Tracey T. , Warrant Eric J. , Johnsen Sönke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEyes in low-light environments typically must balance sensitivity and spatial resolution. Vertebrate eyes with large "pixels" (e.g., retinal ganglion cells with inputs from many photoreceptors) will be sensitive but provide coarse vision. Small pixels can render finer detail, but each pixel will gather less light, and thus have poor signal relative-to-noise, leading to lower contrast sensitivity. This balance is particularly critical in oceanic species at mesopelagic depths (200–1000 m) because they experience low light and live in a medium that significantly attenuates contrast. Depending on the spatial frequency and inherent contrast of a pattern being viewed, the viewer’s pupil size and temporal resolution, and the ambient light level and water clarity, a visual acuity exists that maximizes the distance at which the pattern can be discerned. We develop a model that predicts this acuity for common conditions in the open ocean, and compare it to visual acuity in marine teleost fishes and elasmobranchs found at various depths in productive and oligotrophic waters. Visual acuity in epipelagic and upper mesopelagic species aligned well with model predictions, but species at lower mesopelagic depths (> 600 m) had far higher measured acuities than predicted. This is consistent with the prediction that animals found at lower mesopelagic depths operate in a visual world consisting primarily of bioluminescent point sources, where high visual acuity helps localize targets of this kind. Overall, the results suggest that visual acuity in oceanic fish and elasmobranchs is under depth-dependent selection for detecting either extended patterns or point sources.
Pacemod: parametric contour-based modifications for glyph generation
Authors: Presnov Dmitri , Berels Marlena , Kolb Andreas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetaphoric glyphs are intuitively related to the underlying problem domain and enhance the readability and learnability of the resulting visualization. Their construction, however, implies an appropriate modification of the base icon, which is a predominantly manual process. In this paper, we introduce theparametric contour-based modification (PACEMOD)approach that lays the foundations of automated, controllable icon manipulations. Technically, the PACEMOD parametric representation utilizes diffusion curves, enriched with new degrees of freedom in arc-length parameterization, which allows for manipulation of the icon contours’ geometry and the related color attributes. Moreover, we propose an implementation of our generic approach for a specific, automated design of metaphoric glyphs, based on periodic, wave-like contour modifications. Finally, the practicality of such periodic contour modifications is demonstrated by two visualization examples, which comprise uncertainty visualization of a rain forecast and gradient glyphs applied to COVID-19 data. In summary, with the PACEMOD approach we introduce an instrument that facilitates a user-centered design of metaphoric glyphs and provides a generic basis for potential further implementations according to specific applications.