bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking Age‐Related Topological Changes in Individual Brain Morphological Networks Across the Human Lifespan
Authors: Li Jingming , Wang Qian , Li Ke , Yao Li , Guo Xiaojuan 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundMany studies have shown topological alterations associated with age in population‐based brain morphological networks. However, it is not clear how individual brain morphological networks change with age across the lifespan.PurposeTo characterize age‐related topological changes in individual networks and investigate the relationships between individual‐ and group‐based brain networks at the nodal, modular, and connectome levels.Study TypeRetrospective analysis.PopulationOne hundred seventy‐nine healthy subjects (108 males and 71 females), aged 6–85 years with a median age of 32 years and an inter‐quartile range (IQR) of 26 years.Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted images using the magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequences.AssessmentTwo nodal‐level indicators (nodal similarity and node matching), five modular‐level indicators (modularity, intra/inter‐module similarity, adjusted mutual information [AMI], and module variation), and five connectome‐level indicators (global efficiency, characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and individual contribution) were calculated in brain morphological networks. Regression models for different indicators were built to examine their lifetime trajectory patterns.Statistical TestsSingle‐sample t‐test, Mantel's test, Pearson correlation coefficient. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong 68 nodes, 34 nodes showed significant age‐related patterns (all P < 0.05, FDR‐corrected) in nodal similarity, including linear decline and quadratic trends. The lifespan trajectory of the connectome‐level topological attributes of the individual networks presented U‐shaped or inverse U‐shaped trends with age. Between the individual‐ and group‐based brain networks, the average nodal similarity was 0.67 and the average AMI of module partitions was 0.57.Data ConclusionThe lifespan trajectories of the nodal similarity mainly followed linear decreasing and nonlinear trends, whereas the modularity and the global topological attributes exhibited nonlinear patterns. There was a high degree of consistency at both nodal similarity and modular division between the individual and group networks.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of green synthesized selenium nanoparticles on clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates
Authors: Maleki Ali Reza , Tabatabaei Robab Rafiei , Aminian Fatemeh , Ranjbar Sina , Ashrafi Fatemeh , Ranjbar Reza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNanotechnology covers many disciplines, including the biological sciences. In this study, selenium nanoparticles (Se‐NPs) were synthesized using Artemisia annua extract and investigated against clinical strains of klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) for their anti‐biofilm effects. In this experimental study, from May 1998 to September 1998, 50 clinical samples of blood, urine, and sputum were collected, and K. pneumoniae strains were isolated using microbiological methods. Subsequently, the antibacterial effects of Se‐NPs at concentrations of 12‐25‐50‐100/5‐6/3‐25/125 μg/mL were studied. Finally, biofilm‐producing strains were isolated, and the expression of mrkA biofilm gene was studied in real‐time strains treated with Se‐NPs using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of 50 clinical samples, 20 strains of K. pneumoniae were isolated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results of Se‐NPs showed that Se‐NPs were capable of significant cell killing. Real‐time PCR results also showed that mrkA gene expression was significantly reduced in strains treated with Se‐NPs. According to this study, Se‐NPs could reduce bacterial growth and biofilm formation, therefore, could be considered a candidate drug in the medical application for infections caused by K. pneumoniae.
Comparison of soil phosphorus extraction methods regarding their suitability for organic farming systems
Authors: Wanke Daniel J. , Heichel Jasmin , Zikeli Sabine , Müller Torsten , Hartmann Tobias Edward 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundOrganic farmers frequently report sufficient yield levels despite low or even very low soil phosphorous (P) contents questioning the applicability of widely used laboratory methods for soil P testing for organic farming.AimsThe aim of this study was to compare the validity of a broad range of different soil extraction methods on soils under organic management from South West Germany and to test the correlation of the measured soil P concentration with plant offtake.MethodsTwenty‐two soil samples of eight different organic farms were extracted with different solutions: (1) water, (2) CAL, (3) Olsen, (4) Mehlich 3, (5) Bray P1, (6) Bray P2, (7) NaOH+Na2EDTA, and (8) total P. The results were then correlated with above ground plant P.ResultsSpearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs) of correlations between above ground plant P and extractable soil P (Water‐P, CAL‐P, and Olsen‐P [+active charcoal {+AC}]) determined with ICP‐OES were strong (0.94, 0.90, and 0.93, respectively). Among the tested methods, above ground plant P showed a strong correlation with CAL‐P as detected by ICP‐OES (rs = 0.90) and colorimetry (rs = 0.91). The comparison of CAL‐P data provided by farmers and CAL‐P analyzed during this research showed discrepancies between the results.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that the CAL method can be used in organic farming despite a low extraction of organic P (Porg). Furthermore, it is recommended for farmers to take soil samples for analyses regularly and interpret changes in P in the long‐term instead of interpreting individual samples.
Development of normalized quantitative measures of lumbar disc degeneration
Authors: King Samuel , Magnussen John , Elliott James , Hancock Mark Jonathan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundLumbar disc degeneration (DD) is widely regarded as a likely contributor to low back pain (LBP), but the association between DD and LBP is relatively weak. No known studies have normalized quantitative measures of DD severity relative to multiple variables such as age, height, and disc level. This study developed normalized quantitative measures (z‐scores) of disc signal intensity (DSI) and disc height (DH) to rate relative severity of DD.MethodsRaw (unnormalized) quantitative measures of DSI and DH alongside potential normalization variables were acquired from MRI scans and clinical data of 76 patients. The associations between the raw quantitative measures and potential normalization variables were investigated to develop the normalized quantitative measures (z‐scores) of DSI and DH. Construct validity was assessed by comparing the normalized measures to an experienced radiologist's subjective measures of relative severity of DSI and DH loss.ResultsCSF signal intensity, age, and disc level were significantly associated with raw DSI (R2 = 0.06, 0.25, and 0.09, respectively). Lumbar height and disc level were significantly associated with raw DH (R2 = 0.13 and 0.31). Normalizing DSI and DH by these variables resulted in stronger relationships (R2 = 0.39 and 0.37) than raw DSI and DH (R2 = 0.24 and 0.31) with the radiologist's subjective measures. Normalized DSI and DH were both normally distributed (p = 0.32 and 0.12).ConclusionsConstruct validity and the distributions suggested that normalized quantitative measures of DSI and DH are better than existing measures of DSI and DH at rating relative DD severity. Determining whether normalized quantitative measures are more predictive of clinical outcomes is important future research.
The Serpentine Sign: A Reliable Endoscopic and Radiographic Finding in Empty Nose Syndrome
Authors: Dholakia Sachi S. , Grimm David , Daum Rachel , Bravo Dawn T. , Salvi Nicole , Zarabanda David , Overdevest Jonathan B. , Thamboo Andrew , Nakayama Tsuguhisa , Nayak Jayakar V. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveEmpty nose syndrome (ENS) is a relatively uncommon disease that greatly impacts the quality of life and presents diagnostic challenges. We sought to identify objective clinical findings unique to patients with ENS, and in doing so identified compensatory mucosal hypertrophy in an alternating, undulating swelling on endoscopy and coronal computerized tomography (CT) that we have termed the “Serpentine Sign.” Here, we investigated whether this radiographic finding is a reliable manifestation in ENS patients.MethodsRetrospective review was undertaken to identify ENS patients with past turbinoplasty, an ENS6Q score of at least 11/30, and symptomatic improvement with the cotton placement test. Control patients without complaints of ENS symptoms (ENS6Q < 11) were identified for comparison. ENS and control patients had coronal CT imaging available to evaluate for the Serpentine Sign, as well as ENS6Q scores, and histologic analysis of nasal tissue.Results34 ENS and 74 control patients were evaluated for the presence of the Serpentine Sign. Of the 34 patients with ENS, 18 exhibited this radiographic finding on CT imaging (52.9%) compared to 0 of the 74 control patients (p < 0.0001). Further analysis demonstrated that ENS patients with the Serpentine Sign had lower median scores on ENS6Q than ENS patients without (17.5 vs. 22, p = 0.033). Histology revealed disorganized subepithelium rich in seromucinous glands similar to the nasal septum swell body.ConclusionThe “Serpentine Sign” is a unique presentation of hypertrophic change to the nasal septum soft tissue that is specific to ENS patients and may serve as a reliable radiographic and endoscopic finding in diagnosis.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:1089–1095, 2024
Risk factors for postoperative vocal fold fibrosis following microlaryngeal surgery
Authors: Wu Po‐Hsuan , Wang Chi‐Te 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors for postoperative vocal fold fibrosis (PVF) in patients undergoing microlaryngeal surgery (MLS) for benign vocal fold lesions.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsWe retrospectively included patients who had undergone MLS for vocal polyps, nodules, mucus retention cysts, fibrous mass, or Reinke's edema. Data on the patients' clinicodemographic characteristics and intraoperative findings were obtained by reviewing their clinical records. PVF was defined by the presence of an adynamic segment of membranous vocal folds or a marked reduction in mucosal wave amplitude on post‐MLS (6 weeks) videolaryngostroboscopy. The risk factors for PVF were analyzed through univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsThis study included 89 patients, of whom 16 (18%) were given a diagnosis of PVF. A significantly increased incidence of PVF was noted in patients with fibrous mass (p < .01). The univariate analysis indicated that lesion attachment to the vocal ligament, prolonged surgical duration (>60 min), and symptom duration (>12 months) were significantly correlated with PVF (p < .05). The multivariate analysis confirmed that diagnosis of fibrous masses, lesion attachment to the vocal ligament and symptom duration are significant risk factors for PVF.ConclusionPVF is more common in patients with fibrous masses. Lesions attachment to the vocal ligament and prolonged symptom duration appear to be other significant risk factors for PVF.Level of Evidence4
Decoupled growth and grazing rates of diatoms and green algae drive increased phytoplankton productivity on HNLC sub‐Antarctic plateaux
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Andres , Latasa Mikel , Safi Karl , Pinkerton Matthew H. , Nodder Scott D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe combination of iron limitation and microzooplankton grazing controls phytoplankton productivity and taxonomic composition in high‐nutrient low‐chlorophyll (HNLC) regions. While increased productivity and diatom contribution triggered by iron enrichment support this view, direct measurements of underpinning group‐specific growth and grazing rates are scarce for the Southern Ocean. To assess these rates, we conducted dilution experiments coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography and flow‐cytometry in sub‐Antarctic waters on and off Campbell Plateau, southeast of Aotearoa‐New Zealand. Off the plateau, growth and grazing were closely balanced for all groups despite a two‐fold difference between slow‐ and fast‐growing groups. On Campbell Plateau, where HNLC conditions were alleviated, the balance was disrupted, mainly by the preferential growth of diatoms and green algae, which was stimulated beyond grazing. Our results expand the recognized ability of diatoms to escape grazing control to picoplanktonic green algae that also avoid grazing and contribute significantly to phytoplankton productivity and biomass accumulation.
Time‐Multiplexed Control of Programmable Silicon Photonic Circuits Enabled by Monolithic CMOS Electronics
Authors: Zanetto Francesco , Toso Fabio , Grimaldi Vittorio , Petrini Matteo , Martinez Andres , Milanizadeh Maziyar , Perino Alessandro , Morichetti Francesco , Melloni Andrea , Ferrari Giorgio , Sampietro Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProgrammable photonic circuits require an electronic control layer to configure and stabilize the optical functionality at run‐time. Such control action is normally implemented by supervising the status of the circuit with integrated light monitors and by providing feedback signals to integrated actuators. This paper demonstrates that the control action can be effectively performed with electrical signals that are time‐multiplexed directly on the photonic chip. To this aim, the necessary electronic functionalities are monolithically integrated in a conventional 220 nm silicon photonics platform with no changes to the standard fabrication process. By exploiting a non‐conventional structure to implement metal‐oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors, an electronic controller is co‐designed into a programmable photonic circuit to enable a time‐multiplexed readout of integrated photodetectors and sequential activation of thermal phase shifters with on‐chip electronic memory. The accuracy of the time‐multiplexed control, achieved on a time scale of less than 10 ms, is demonstrated by penalty‐free routing of 10 Gbit s−1 modulated signals. This approach can be straightforwardly applied to large‐scale photonic chips to reduce the number of required electrical input/output connections.
On‐Demand Subwavelength‐Scale Light Sculpting Using Nanometric Holograms
Authors: Zhang Xiliang , Hu Yanwen , Zhang Xin , Li Zhen , Chen Zhenqiang , Fu Shenhe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpatially or temporally structured light has attracted considerable attention for its intriguing beam characteristics, which have found extensive applications in classical and quantum optics. Extending structured light from macroscale and microscale to nanometricscale brings more prospects both for fundamental and applied science. However, sculpting light at the subwavelength scale remains a challenge since its transverse structure is fragile in the nanometric scale. Here a novelholography for arbitrary light sculpting at the subwavelength scale is demonstrated. A wave phenomenon of diffractive focusing from an amplitude‐only nanometric (50‐nm‐thick) film is introduced, and use of the induced high‐spatial‐frequency waves as carriers to encode information of an object is considered. Using this technique, nanometric holograms are designed and fabricated for generating the well‐defined eigen modes including the zero‐order Bessel beam, vortex beam, vector beam, Airy beam, as well as an arbitrary light pattern, with feature sizes on the deep‐subwavelength scale. The broadband performance of the hologram is examined, and a white‐light nondiffracting beam at the deep‐subwavelength scale is realized. This demonstration paves a way toward on‐demand light sculpting at the nanometric scale, which may find applications such as optical super‐resolution imaging, nanoparticle manipulation, and precise measurements.
New bounds for numbers of primes in element orders of finite groups
Authors: Bellotti Chiara , Keller Thomas Michael , Trudgian Timothy S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet denote the maximal number of different primes that may occur in the order of a finite solvable group G, all elements of which have orders divisible by at most n distinct primes. We show that for all . As an application, we improve on a recent bound by Hung and Yang for arbitrary finite groups.
Augmented digital human vs. human agents in storytelling marketing: Exploratory electroencephalography and experimental studies
Authors: Sung Eunyoung (Christine) , Han Dai‐In Danny , Choi Yung Kyun , Gillespie Brian , Couperus Anja , Koppert Marc 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs the fourth industrial revolution unfolds and the use of digital humans becomes more commonplace, understanding digital humans' potential to replace real human interaction or enhance it, particularly in storytelling marketing contexts, is becoming evermore important. To promote interaction and increase the entertainment value of technology‐enhanced storytelling marketing, brands have begun to explore the use of augmented digital humans as storytelling agents. In this article, we examine the effectiveness of leveraging advanced technologies and delivering messages via digital humans in storytelling advertisements. In Study 1, we investigate the effectiveness of narrative transportation on behavioral responses after exposure to an interactive augmented reality mobile advertisement with a digital human storyteller. In Study 2, we compare how consumers respond to augmented digital human versus real human storytelling advertisements after conducting an exploratory neurophysiological electroencephalography study. The findings show that both types of agents promote narrative transportation when the story fits the product well. Moreover, a digital human perceived as more human‐like elicits stronger positive consumer responses, suggesting an effective new approach to storytelling marketing.
Research online and purchase offline: The disruptive impact of consumers' online information on offline sales interaction
Authors: Li You , Geng Lixiao , Chang Yaping , Ning Peng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRetailers hire salespeople in physical stores to boost revenue by influencing consumer decision‐making. However, the Internet provides consumers with a variety of online product information before they enter the physical store, and this rich online information reduces their willingness to interact with offline salespeople. Using regulatory focus theory, we explore why well‐informed consumers avoid sales interactions and explore strategies for salespeople to mitigate this negative effect. Across three studies, we show that high consumer informedness induces a heightened prevention focus that causes consumers to avoid sales interactions to control the decision‐making process by themselves (Studies 1 and 2). This effect can be alleviated when salespeople provide consumers with currently available information rather than additional information (Study 3). This research contributes to the literature on consumer informedness, regulatory focus theory, and research on promotional information types and provides guidance for retailers' sales interactions.
Application of a catch multiple survey analysis for Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus in the Delaware Bay
Authors: Anstead Kristen A. , Sweka John A. , Barry Linda , Hallerman Eric M. , Smith David R. , Ameral Natalie , Schmidtke Michael , Wong Richard A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
This paper applies a catch multiple survey analysis (CMSA) to Atlantic horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus in the Delaware Bay to generate robust population estimates for harvest management. Currently, horseshoe crabs along the U.S. Atlantic coast are harvested as bait for other fisheries and collected for their blood, which is used in a biomedical industry. The Delaware Bay is home to the largest population of horseshoe crabs and is a significant stopover for shorebirds to rebuild energy by consuming horseshoe crab eggs prior to completing their northward migration. To address this interrelationship, the Adaptive Resource Management (ARM) Framework has been used since 2013 to ensure that horseshoe crab harvest within the region takes into account the forage needs of migratory birds. Since its inception, the ARM Framework has used a single trawl survey's swept area-based population estimates of horseshoe crab relative abundance and a theoretical population model developed primarily from literature-derived values. With more data collected in the region in recent years and other sources of mortality that can now be quantified, a catch survey model can provide horseshoe crab population estimates going forward.

Methods
A CMSA was used to estimate male and female horseshoe crab population size for 2003–2021 using all quantifiable sources of mortality and three fishery-independent indices of abundance.

Result
The CMSA results indicated that adult abundance of male and female horseshoe crabs was stable from 2003 to 2013 and then began to increase through 2017, a result that is consistent with stock rebuilding following a period of harvest restrictions as recommended by the ARM Framework. Population estimates were lower in recent years but remained above the levels estimated before implementation of the ARM Framework. In 2021, the CMSA estimated that there were over 6 million mature females and nearly 16 million mature male horseshoe crabs in the region.

Conclusion
The CMSA provides the best and most comprehensive population estimates of horseshoe crabs in Delaware Bay and will improve modeling efforts within the ARM Framework going forward.