bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stiffness evolution of jet grouting columns performed under port caissons using PS suspension logging
Authors: Tijera Ángel , Asanza Enrique , Galindo Rubén , Burgos Marcelo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJet grouting is one of the ground improvement techniques that are currently more widely used for upgrading gravity quays, especially to increase their berth depth. Irregular columns are formed because of a rotating high‐pressure injection of a cementitious fluid in the ground that mixes with the natural soil. Despite its popularity, there is hardly any field experimentation on the stiffness gain of the mixture, especially under the base of port caissons. As fresh columns behave like a dense fluid with an excess of pore pressure, the evolution of mixture stiffness, especially at early ages after injection, is a key aspect when programming working windows for ground improvement, drill locations, sequencing and timing. Otherwise, crane rails, pavement and other services are at risk of undergoing undesirable local movements. One of the upgrading programs of the Port Authority of Valencia, Spain, is the increase of the berth depth of its quays, many engineered as concrete caissons. The concern about the temporary local loss of the foundation stiffness during the execution of each jet grouting column prompted research to find an in situ procedure capable of measuring the stiffness evolution of the jet grouting columns at early ages. This paper presents a successful procedure using PS suspension logging, expanding its scope of geotechnical engineering applicability in an innovative way. The use of the technique for the intended purpose and the execution process itself stands out as a novelty, with the insertion of the borehole casing pipe through the axis of the recently executed column. The key outcomes of this research are: (1) the novelty of studying the evolution of the stiffness in the early ages of the jet grouting columns executed under port caissons, where it is not possible to execute test columns; and (2) to propose an adequate and reliable method at the beginning of the works to plan the injection sequence of the next columns of jet grouting.
The Swedish Youth with Obesity cohort: Profile of an ongoing prospective study
Authors: Christenson Anne , Bonn Stephanie E. , Torgerson Jarl , Hjort Sofia , Dreber Helena , Trolle Lagerros Ylva 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveAs there is a lack of studies on adolescents and young adults with obesity, the Swedish Youth with Obesity cohort was set up to describe the long‐term results of medical, as well as surgical, obesity interventions in youth. This article describes the study protocol.MethodsSince 2018, the study has continuously recruited patients aged between 16 and 25 years who have been admitted for obesity treatment at a specialist obesity clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants provide data from blood tests, questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements. Data are collected longitudinally at enrollment and after 18 months and 3, 4, 5, and 10 years.ResultsIn the first 500 participants (76% female), the mean age was 21 (SD 3.0) years and the mean BMI was 41.3 (SD 6.1) kg/m2 at enrollment. Almost half of the participants (44.4%) reported that both parents were born outside the Nordic countries. The proportion of participants who smoked at least sometimes was 28.4%.ConclusionsThe longitudinally collected data from the Swedish Youth with Obesity cohort will become a valuable source for answering various research questions regarding long‐term results of medical and surgical obesity treatment in adolescents and young adults with obesity.
Improvements in the lateral crushing behavior of syntactic foam‐filled glass fiber reinforced polymer tubes by the addition of straight and helical multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang DanFeng , Jin Qing , Chen Zhilin , Wang Kairui , Chen Jiye , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo diminish the brittleness of glass fiber reinforced polymer tubes and syntactic foams, a novel composite tube filled with syntactic foam was proposed, in which thin‐walled tubes were reinforced by ribs and the syntactic foam core reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The influence of the ribs and the type and content of MWCNTs on the lateral crashworthy characteristics of composite tubes was investigated. Crushing experimental results indicated that the ribs contributed to improving the crashworthy performance for both hollow and foam‐filled tubes. The effect of the ribs on the energy absorption was more pronounced for the hollow tubes. Incorporation of straight or helical MWCNTs lead to improvement of the crush resistance and energy absorption for foam‐filled tubes. With the same MWCNT content, the peak load and absorbed energy of specimens with helical MWCNTs were nearly 14% and 13% higher than those of specimens with straight MWCNTs, respectively. Furthermore, analytical models were proposed to predict the load–displacement responses for foam‐filled tubes in the linear‐elastic, postcrushing, and foam‐compaction stages. The predicted results agreed well with experimental results. The resulting composite tubes are potential light‐weighted and crashworthy structures, which could be applied as collapsible energy absorbers in engineering fields.
Perinatal outcome after selective fetal reduction in monochorionic twin pregnancies: A comparison of techniques over a 20‐year period
Authors: van Hoek M. J. C. , van Klink J. M. M. , Verweij E. J. T. , Middeldorp J. M. , Haak M. C. , Lopriore E. , Slaghekke F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the perinatal outcome after fetal reduction in complicated monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies by comparing different techniques.MethodsA retrospective cohort study at a national referral center comparing data between four techniques: interstitial laser coagulation, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), fetoscopic laser coagulation (FLC) and bipolar cord coagulation (BCC). The primary outcome was the mortality of the co‐twins. Secondary outcomes were preterm pre‐labor rupture of membranes (PPROM), gestational age at delivery and neonatal morbidity.Results259 MC twin pregnancies underwent selective fetal reduction: 29 IL, 64 RFA, 85 FLC and 81 BCC. The perinatal mortality rate was 29% and fetal demise of the co‐twins occurred in 19%. The lowest mortality rate was seen after BCC (17%, p = 0.012). PPROM occurred in 18% patients without significant differences between techniques. The mean gestational age at delivery in liveborn children was 35 weeks and did not differ between techniques. Severe cerebral injury and neonatal morbidity were reported in 4% and 14%, respectively, without significant differences between techniques.ConclusionsSelective fetal reductions in MC twins are precarious procedures with an increased risk of perinatal mortality of the co‐twins. Our results show the lowest mortality rates after BCC. However, high PPROM rates were seen irrespective of the technique.
Correction factors for the drag and pressure flows of power‐law fluids through rectangular ducts
Authors: Marschik Christian , Roland Wolfgang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere are many industrial examples of low Reynolds number non‐Newtonian flows through rectangular ducts in polymer processing. They occur in all types of manufacturing processes in which raw polymeric materials are converted into products, ranging from screw extrusion to shaping operations in dies and molds. In addition, they are found in numerous rheological measurement systems. The literature provides various mathematical formulations for non‐Newtonian flows through rectangular ducts, but—if not simplified further—their solution usually requires use of numerical techniques. Removing the need for these time‐consuming techniques, we present novel analytical correction factors for the drag and pressure flows of power‐law fluids in rectangular flow channels. We approximated numerical results for a fully developed flow under isothermal conditions using symbolic regression based on genetic programming. The correction factors can be applied to the analytical theory that describes the flow of power‐law fluids between parallel plates to include effects of the side walls in the prediction of flow rate and viscous dissipation.
Crystal structure of the dimerized of porcine circovirus type II replication‐related protein Rep′
Authors: Guan Shuaiyin , Tian Ang , Jing Haobo , Yuan Honggen , Jia Hanxiao , Shi Yuejun , Chen Huanchun , Cao Shengbo , Peng Guiqing , Song Yunfeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) can cause porcine circovirus‐associated disease (PCVAD), which causes significant economic losses to the global pig industry annually. There are no effective antiviral drugs used to control and treat PCV2, and prevention is mainly obtained through vaccination. PCV2 genome replicates through the rolling circle replication (RCR) mechanism involving Rep and Rep′, so analyzing the holistic structure of Rep and Rep′ will help us better understand the replication process of PCV2. However, there are no reports on the integral structure of Rep′ and Rep, which seriously hinders the research of the viral replication. By using the x‐ray diffraction method, the structure of the Rep′ dimer was resolved by us in this study. Structural analysis revealed that Rep′ is a dimer formed by the interaction of the C‐terminal domain. The two Rep′ form a positively charged groove, which may play an essential role in the viral binding of dsDNA. Together, this study help to understand the replication process of the virus and may also provide new insights into the development of antiviral drugs.
Magneto‐structural correlations of oximato‐bridged dinuclear copper(II) complex: A theoretical perspective
Authors: Luo Shuchang , Tu Ting , Chen Zhuo , Zhong Yong , Xu Jun , Lu Shaolei , Sun Xiaoyuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe theoretical understanding of the magneto‐structural correlations of an oximato‐bridged dinuclear copper(II) complex can help develop new applied molecular magnets. This study evaluated the magnetic coupling constant of a [Cu2(hfac)2(ppko)2] complex using the density functional theory combined with the broken symmetry approach (DFT‐BS). The magnetic structure correlation between the magnetic coupling constant (Jcalc) of the complex and the structural parameters, NOCu bond angle (α), ONCu bond angle (β), NO bond length (RN‐O), and Cu•••Cu distance (R0), was evaluated. The data showed that Jcalc initially decreased and then increased as bond angles α and β increased. These relationships were expressed by unary quadratic functions. However, Jcalc varied linearly with the bond length, RN‐O, and spacing, R0. Moreover, in the ground state, the magnetic coupling constant increased with a decrease in the spin density of Cu(1), but gradually decreased as the spin density of Cu(2) increased. An increase of parameters α, β, RN‐O, and R0, resulted in a gradual increase in the distance between Cu(II) ions, and the square of the overlap integral between the non‐orthogonal magnetic orbitals of Cu(II) ions to gradually decay. Finally, the contribution of the antiferromagnetic part decreased as the magnetic coupling constant gradually increased.
Efficacy of telitacicept in patients with lupus‐ and antiphospholipid syndrome‐associated refractory thrombocytopenia
Authors: Liu Ruihe , Liu Tian , He Jing , Ye Hua , Gan Yuzhou , Li Chun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThrombocytopenia, a common noncriteria manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), is severe in approximately one‐third of patients with APS. However, there are no guidelines for treating such thrombocytopenia. B‐cell‐targeting therapy may be an option in refractory cases; however, its efficacy has not been firmly established. Here, we report on two patients with refractory antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs)‐associated thrombocytopenia treated with telitacicept.Case DescriptionCase 1, a 39‐year‐old woman, presented with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and APS with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, persistent thrombocytopenia, and recurrent miscarriages. The thrombocytopenia had been refractory to multiple lines of treatments, the most recent being mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone (5 mg/day). After receiving telitacicept (160 mg/week) for 3 months, she had presented with decreased titers of aPLs and a slight increase in platelet counts (14 × 109 to 35 × 109/L). Case 2, a 51‐year‐old woman, presented with SLE and APS with refractory thrombocytopenia. She had been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis 4.5 years ago and received antituberculosis therapy for 2 years. She had also undergone pulmonary lobectomy 4 years ago for lung adenocarcinoma. Her thrombocytopenia relapsed (lowest 14 × 109/L) when prednisone was tapered to <10 mg/day. After adding telitacicept (160 mg/week) to cyclosporin A (150 mg/day) and hydroxychloroquine (400 mg/day) for 5 months, aPLs decreased and platelet counts increased (78 × 109 to 183 × 109/L), enabling halving of her dose of prednisone from 15 to 7.5 mg/day. Neither patient had any adverse effects.ConclusionTelitacicept can safely reduce aPLs titers and improve refractory thrombocytopenia in patients with secondary APS. Randomized‐controlled trials to assess its effectiveness are urgently required.
Combining taxonomic and functional approaches to assess land‐use impacts on macroinvertebrate assemblages and improve bioindication
Authors: Paz L. E. , Rodriguez M. , Rodrigues Capítulo A. , Spaccesi F. , Armendáriz L. , Cortelezzi A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost studies exploring land use impacts have focused on taxonomic metrics, but interest in the functional approach has increased because it helps to understand the relationships between community structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated how functional and taxonomic approaches, and the association between them, contribute to assessing the effects of land use on macroinvertebrate assemblages of lowland streams. We sampled benthic macroinvertebrates in 17 sites with different land uses (agricultural, peri‐urban, and extensive livestock) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. We computed the taxonomic metrics and biotic indexes as well as functional richness (FRic), divergence (FDiv), dispersion (FDis), and Rao diversity indexes for each site. We performed general linear mixed models to compare land‐uses, a redundancy analysis, and also performed correlation analysis between taxonomic and functional indexes. Taxonomic richness was significantly higher in extensive livestock than in the other two land uses, while Shannon diversity was significantly different between land uses (extensive livestock > peri‐urban > agriculture). FRic and FDiv were significantly lower in peri‐urban land use than in agricultural and extensive livestock sites. Only taxonomic richness showed a significant and positive relationship with FRic, FDis, and Rao, but they fit better to a logarithmic function. Therefore, an increase in taxonomic richness and Shannon diversity did not necessarily imply an increase in the functional aspects of the macroinvertebrate assemblage. Using only one of these approaches could lead to partial evaluations and loss of information. Combining them could improve bioindication and predictive potential and help assess the effects of multiple stressors on freshwater ecosystems to improve biomonitoring.
Multilevel joint model of longitudinal continuous and binary outcomes for hierarchically structured data
Authors: Zhou Grace Chen , Song Seongho , Szczesniak Rhonda D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJoint modeling has been a useful strategy for incorporating latent associations between different types of outcomes simultaneously, often focusing on a longitudinal continuous outcome characterized by an LME submodel and a terminal event subject to a Cox proportional hazard or parametric survival submodel. Applications to hierarchical longitudinal studies have been less frequent, particularly with respect to a binary process, which is commonly specified by a GLMM. Furthermore, many of the joint model developments have not allowed for investigations of nested effects, such as those arising from multicenter studies. To fill this gap, we propose a multilevel joint model that encompasses the LME submodel and GLMM through a Bayesian approach. Motivated by the need for timely detection of pulmonary exacerbation and characterization of irregularly observed lung function measurements in people living with cystic fibrosis (CF) receiving care across multiple centers, we apply the model to the data arising from US CF Foundation Patient Registry. In parallel, we examine the extent of bias induced by a non‐hierarchical model. Our simulation study and application results show that incorporating the center effect along with individual stochastic variation over time within the LME submodel improves model estimation and prediction. Given that the center effect is evident in lung function observed in the CF population, accounting for center‐specific power parameters by incorporating the symmetric power exponential power (spep) link function in the GLMM can facilitate more accurate conclusions in clinical studies.
Mott–Schottky Effect in Core–Shell W@WxC Heterostructure: Boosting Both Electronic/Ionic Kinetics for Lithium Storage
Authors: Yang Yao , Sun Bing , Gao Yinhong , Zhu Hui , Chen Yongting , Li Xuanke , Zhang Qin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe dynamics rate of traditional metal carbides (TMCs) is relatively slow, severely limiting its fast‐charging capacity for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, the core–shell W@WxC heterostructure is developed to form Mott–Schottky heterostructure, thereby simultaneously accelerating the electronic and ionic transport kinetics during the charging/discharging process. The W nanoparticles are partially reduced into WxC to form a particular core–shell structure with abundant heterogeneous interfaces. Benefiting from the Mott–Schottky effect, the electrons at the metal/semiconductor heterointerface can migrate spontaneously to realize an equal work function on both sides. In addition, the independent nanoparticle as well as the unique core–shell structure facilitate the ionic diffusion kinetics. As expected, the W@WxC electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical stability for LIBs, whose capacity can be maintained at 173.8 mA h g−1 after 1600 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g−1. When assembled into a full cell, it can achieve an energy density of 360.2 Wh kg−1. This work presents a new avenue to promote the electronic and ionic kinetics for LIBs anodes by constructing the unique Mott–Schottky heterostructure.
High Density Single Fe Atoms on Mesoporous N‐Doped Carbons: Noble Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic and Alkaline Media
Authors: Xie Haifang , Du Bing , Huang Xiaoxi , Zeng Dahai , Meng Hui , Lin Huaijun , Li Wei , Asefa Tewodros , Meng Yuying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt remains a challenge to develop efficient noble metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in various renewable energy systems. Single atom catalysts have recently drawn great attention as promising candidates both due to their high activity and their utmost atom utilization for electrocatalytic ORR. Herein, the synthesis of an efficient ORR electrocatalyst that is composed of N‐doped mesoporous carbon and a high density (4.05 wt%) of single Fe atoms via pyrolysis Fe‐conjugated polymer is reported. Benefiting from the abundant atomic Fe–N4 sites on its conductive, mesoporous carbon structures, this material exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic activity for ORR, with positive onset potentials of 0.93 and 0.98 V in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. Its electrocatalytic performance for ORR is also comparable to that of Pt/C (20 wt%) in both media. Furthermore, it electrocatalyzes the reaction almost fully to H2O (or barely to H2O2). Additionally, it is durable and tolerates the methanol crossover reaction well. Furthermore, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a zinc–air battery assembled using it on their cathode deliver high maximum power densities (320 and 91 mW cm−2, respectively). Density functional theory calculation reveals that the material's decent electrocatalytic performance for ORR is due to its atomically dispersed Fe–N4 sites.
On the extension of k−ω−SST corrections to predict flow separation on thick airfoils with leading‐edge roughness
Authors: Gutierrez Ruben , Zamponi Riccardo , Ragni Daniele , Llorente Elena , Aranguren Patricia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractModern wind turbines employ thick airfoils in the outer region of the blade with strong adverse pressure gradients and high sensitivity to flow separation, which can be anticipated by leading‐edge roughness. However, Reynolds average Navier‐Stokes simulations currently overpredict the Reynolds shear stresses near the surface, and the flow separation is not correctly predicted. Hence, these methods are not representative enough to optimize the blade design to avoid flow separation, which becomes relevant for rough blades. While several eddy‐viscosity corrections in the
turbulence model have been previously studied to predict flow separation over smooth airfoils, the present study aims to extend their applicability to airfoils with leading‐edge roughness. Two corrections, whose effect on flow physics has not been empirically quantified, are addressed. Particle image velocimetry measurements have been performed on a 30% thick airfoil to quantify the impact of these corrections. The reduction of the eddy viscosity introduced by the corrections leads to a shift of the peak location of the Reynolds shear stresses away from the surface, which, in turn, promotes flow separation and improves the prediction of the mean velocity and the pressure‐coefficient distribution. Besides, the ratio between the main turbulent shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy is demonstrated to be lower than the standard value used in the
turbulence model at the boundary‐layer outer edge. Adjusting this ratio for an angle of attack of 0° decreases the error on the predicted lift and drag coefficients from 75% to 3% and from 58% to 39%, respectively.