bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untargeted metabolomic analysis of metabolites related to body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
Authors: Wang Yawen , Huang Jinlong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a disorder associated with depression and eating disorders. It often arises from minor defects in appearance or an individual imagining that he or she is defective. However, the mechanisms causing BDD remain unclear, and its pathogenesis and adjuvant treatment methods still need to be explored. Here, we employed a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based metabolomics approach to identify key metabolic differences in BDD versus healthy patients. We obtained plasma samples from two independent cohorts (including eight BDD patients and eight healthy control patients). Raw data were analyzed using Compound Discoverer to determine peak alignment, retention time correction, and extraction of peak areas. Metabolite structure identification was also obtained using Compound Discoverer by of accurate mass matching (< 10 ppm) and secondary spectral matching queries of compound databases. Next, multidimensional statistical analyses were performed using the ropls R package. These analyses included: unsupervised principal component analysis, supervised partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis, and orthogonal partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis. We then identified the most promising metabolic signatures associated with BDD across all metabolomic datasets. Principal component analysis showed changes in small-molecule metabolites in patients, and we also found significant differences in metabolite abundance between the BDD and normal groups. Our findings suggest that the occurrence of BDD may be related to metabolites participating in the following KEGG pathways: ABC transporters, purine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, pyrimidine, pyrimidine metabolism, biosynthesis of 12-, 14-, and 16-membered macrolides, microbial metabolism in diverse environments, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and caffeine and insect hormone biosynthesis.
Water masses in the Caribbean Sea and sub-annual variability in the Guajira upwelling region
Authors: Torres Rafael Ricardo , Latandret Sadid , Salon Jhon , Dagua Claudia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe study of water masses is important as they transport water properties affecting the biosphere and ocean dynamics. In this study, we revisit water masses in the Caribbean Sea using climatology and 11 months of observations at different depths from 3 moorings placed in the Guajira upwelling region, providing some new findings. The Caribbean Surface Water (CSW) seasonal variability is studied at the mixed layer depth. Salinity differences between CSW and the saltier North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater (SUW) determine static stability spatial and temporal variations, with implications for regional ocean dynamics. Besides, we assess the climatologic distribution of water masses below the salinity maximum using the optimum multiparameter analysis and the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010, defining their source water indices when entering the Caribbean Sea. The SUW, with its core at ~ 150 m depth, occupies 16% of the Caribbean Sea volume, complemented by 38% of Antarctic Intermediate Water, with its core at ~ 700 m depth and North Atlantic Deep Water, which as bottom water occupies 46% of the volume. Hydrographic observations do not differ from climatology, regardless of their large sub-annual variations decreasing with depth. Daily time series of dominant water fractions at different depths correlate at each mooring, indicating a common forcing. Besides, rotated wind stress, which is an indicator of the Guajira upwelling, correlates regularly with water mass fractions down to 700 m depth. However, during strong wind shifts, upwelling seems to affect them down to 1450 m depth.
Large Eddy Simulation of an Inverted Multi-element Wing in Ground Effect
Authors: Slaughter James , Moxey David , Sherwin Spencer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDue to the proprietary nature of modern motorsport and Formula 1, current scientific literature lacks relevant studies and benchmarks that can be used to understand flow physics in this area, as well as to test and validate new simulation methodology. With the release of a new, open-source geometry (the Imperial Front Wing), we present a computational study of a multi-element aerofoil at a ride height of 0.36h/c and a Reynolds number of $${\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{.2 \times 10}}^{{\mathbf{5}}}$$

2

.
2
×
10

5

. A 0.16c slice of the Imperial Front Wing has been examined using high-order spectral/hp element methods. Time averaged force data is presented, finding lift and drag coefficients of $$-$$
-
8.33 and 0.17 respectively. Unsteady analysis of the force and surface pressure data has allowed salient feature identification with respect to the transition mechanisms of each element. The mainplane and flap laminar separation are studied and the cross-spectral phase is presented for the lower frequency modes. At $$\varvec{St = 40}$$

S
t
=
40

an in-phase relationship is identified between mainplane and flap laminar separation bubbles, whilst at $$\varvec{St = 60}$$

S
t
=
60

a distinct out-of-phase relationship is observed. Wake results, including wake-momentum deficit and turbulent kinetic energy are presented, which show wake meandering and subsequent breakdown due to a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. These results, in particular the transition mechanisms, will allow for the construction of a dataset to validate novel methods in this area.
Prevalence of higher-grade dysplasia in persistently high-risk human papillomavirus positive, cytology negative women after introduction of the new cervical cancer screening in Germany
Authors: Berger Laura , Wolf-Breitinger Maja , Weiß Christel , Tuschy Benjamin , Berlit Sebastian , Sütterlin Marc , Spaich Saskia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
According to the recently implemented organized cervical cancer screening program in Germany, women older than 35 years with negative cytology but persistent high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) infection > 12 months should be referred to colposcopy for further evaluation. This study aimed to present and dissect colposcopic and histopathological findings with particular focus on associated hrHPV genotypes.

Methods
This study is a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 89 hrHPV positive patients with normal cytology who underwent colposcopic examination at a certified dysplasia outpatient clinic in Germany in 2021.

Results
While 38 (43%) women had a normal colposcopic finding, 45 (51%) had minor and 6 (7%) major changes. Thirty-one (35%) of the women were HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 positive and 58 (65%) women were positive for other hrHPV only. Among patients who underwent colposcopy with biopsies (in case of an abnormal finding or type 3 transformation zone, n = 68), eight (12%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 and six (9%) had CIN 2. The proportion of women diagnosed with CIN 3 varied among different hrHPV genotypes (HPV 16: 11%, HPV 18: 33%, HPV 31: 27%, HPV 33: 33%, HPV 52: 33%).

Conclusion
Persistently hrHPV positive women with negative cytology are at increased risk of being diagnosed with CIN 3. As CIN 3 prevalence seems to differ with regard to hrHPV strain, immediate HPV genotyping for risk stratification and subsequent early referral for colposcopy might constitute a feasible strategy.
Globally optimal univariate spline approximations
Authors: Mohr Robert , Coblenz Maximilian , Kirst Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe revisit the problem of computing optimal spline approximations for univariate least-squares splines from a combinatorial optimization perspective. In contrast to most approaches from the literature we aim at globally optimal coefficients as well as a globally optimal placement of a fixed number of knots for a discrete variant of this problem. To achieve this, two different possibilities are developed. The first approach that we present is the formulation of the problem as a mixed-integer quadratically constrained problem, which can be solved using commercial optimization solvers. The second method that we propose is a branch-and-bound algorithm tailored specifically to the combinatorial formulation. We compare our algorithmic approaches empirically on both, real and synthetic curve fitting data sets from the literature. The numerical experiments show that our approach to tackle the least-squares spline approximation problem with free knots is able to compute solutions to problems of realistic sizes within reasonable computing times.
Agency in Educational Technology: Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Implications for Learning Design
Authors: Brod Garvin , Kucirkova Natalia , Shepherd Joshua , Jolles Dietsje , Molenaar Inge 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdvancing learners’ agency is a key educational goal. The advent of personalized EdTech, which automatically tailor learning environments to individual learners, gives renewed relevance to the topic. EdTech researchers and practitioners are confronted with the same basic question: What is the right amount of agency to give to learners during their interactions with EdTech? This question is even more relevant for younger learners. Our aim in this paper is twofold: First, we outline and synthesize the ways in which agency is conceptualized in three key learning disciplines (philosophy, education, and psychology). We show that there are different types and levels of agency and various prerequisites for the effective exercise of agency and that these undergo developmental change. Second, we provide guiding principles for how agency can be designed for in EdTech for children. We propose an agency personalization loop in which the level of agency provided by the EdTech is assigned in an adaptive manner to strike a balance between allowing children to freely choose learning content and assigning optimal content to them. Finally, we highlight some examples from practice.
Exploring links between road traffic noise, air quality and public health using DPSEAA conceptual framework: a review and perspective for a UK environmental health tracking system (EHTS)
Authors: Adza Wisdom K. , Hursthouse Andrew S. , Miller Jan , Boakye Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is evidence that hypertensive heart disease is attributed to environmental noise and air pollution in European regions. Epidemiological studies have also demonstrated the potential role of road traffic air–noise pollution in adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Despite the local implementation of the EU Directive on environmental noise and air quality, it is necessary to explore the progress and understand the impact of policy, legislation and the collection of exposure and associated health data for air and noise pollution in order to improve environmental public health. Therefore, the DPSEEA (Driving force, Pressure, State, Exposure, Effect and Action) conceptual framework model was used to systematically map and review these links and to identify relevant indicators linking air–noise pollution with cardiovascular diseases. With a focus on the EU and specifically UK situation, we critically evaluate the effectiveness of evidence-based policy implementation of action plans, summarizing existing data using modified framework model tools. We concluded that, the DPSEEA conceptual framework provides an effective review method to more effectively, conduct data surveillance monitoring and assessment, and tracking outcomes with different types of evidence in the field of environmental public health. There is great scope demonstrating the use of the DPSEEA conceptual framework to highlight the casual relationship between exposure and effects taking into account other factors such as driving force, pressure, state, exposure and action and to incorporate as surveillance information in the environmental health tracking system (EHTS).
Rank-correlations are not robust to differences in group inequality
Authors: Gandil Mikkel Høst 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRank-based measures of intergenerational mobility are generally justified by their invariance to changes in inequality. However, I show that whenever the source of inequality is uncorrelated to parent ranks, such as in the cases of gender and birth order, increasing equality leads to a fall in rank mobility as measured by the rank correlation. I develop a method to ex-post quantify the importance of inequality for mobility measurement using cross-sectional income distributions and show that US income mobility could have fallen by as much as 24 percent since 1970 due to increased gender equality. Without specifying a policy objective of interest, it is therefore unclear which conclusions to draw from differences in rank-correlations across societies or from changes over time.
Estimating the GDP effect of Open Source Software and its complementarities with R&D and patents: evidence and policy implications
Authors: Blind Knut , Schubert Torben 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOpen Source Software (OSS) has become an increasingly important knowledge asset in modern economies. However, the economic impact of OSS on countries’ GDP is ambivalent due to its public good character. Using a cross-country panel from 2000 to 2018, including 25 of the largest EU countries plus the USA, Japan, Korea, Canada, China, Norway, and Switzerland, matching OSS commits to GitHub to macroeconomic data provided by the OECD, our results confirm the dual nature of OSS. On the one hand, the open-access character creates great learning potential by providing a commonly accessible productive resource for all countries. On the other hand, it creates outward-directed spillovers associated with own OSS contributions. Accordingly, on average, we find that countries experience an increase in GDP when the world stock of OSS grows. However, smaller countries experience a decline in GDP resulting from their own contributions due to knowledge spillovers. The net effect is nonetheless positive. If no country contributed to OSS development, GDP for the average country would be 2.2% lower in the long run. Moreover, the losses associated with unintended spillovers are lower for countries with a higher R&D and patenting intensity. Based on our findings, we derive implications for policies and regulations concerning OSS.
Landscape characteristics and predation risk influence spatial variation in auditory courtship of an upland game bird
Authors: Wightman Patrick H. , Martin James A. , Kohl Michel T. , Rushton Emily , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Context
Numerous wildlife species use a polygynous mating system, where males use auditory courtship behaviors to secure breeding opportunities. The acoustic adaptation hypothesis, risk reward, and landscape of fear theories suggest spatial variation in male auditory courtship will be influenced by areas in landscapes where sound transmission is increased, and predation risk is reduced. However, it is often unclear what landscape features drive spatial variation in courtship behaviors.

Objectives
We quantified the influence of predation risk, land cover type, and resource selection on spatial trends in the auditory courtship behavior (gobbling activity) of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris).

Methods
We used 53,025 gobbles coupled with GPS locations from 111 turkeys and 36 coyotes (Canis latrans), and distance metrics associated with hunter activity and land cover type, to investigate influences of predation risk, resource selection, and land cover type on spatial variation in gobbling activity in Georgia, USA.

Results
Distance to public access during hunting was the most influential predictor of gobbling activity, wherein the expected number of daily gobbles increased by 40% for every 500 m farther from public access. Daily gobbles decreased by 22% for every 500 m farther away from private property during hunting. We failed to find significant effects of land cover type and coyote use but found limited evidence that areas with increased predicted probability of turkey use was associated with increased gobbling.

Conclusions
Predation risk associated with increased anthropogenic disturbance had the greatest influence on gobbling activity. Our findings suggest that altering hunter access by closing roads to vehicle use, reducing hunter activity, or creating refuge areas on the landscape could positively influence gobbling activity.
Computing the logarithmic capacity of compact sets having (infinitely) many components with the charge simulation method
Authors: Liesen Jörg , Nasser Mohamed M. S. , Sète Olivier 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe apply the charge simulation method (CSM) in order to compute the logarithmic capacity of compact sets consisting of (infinitely) many “small” components. This application allows to use just a single charge point for each component. The resulting method therefore is significantly more efficient than methods based on discretizations of the boundaries (for example, our own method presented in Liesen et al. (Comput. Methods Funct. Theory17, 689–713, 2017)), while maintaining a very high level of accuracy. We study properties of the linear algebraic systems that arise in the CSM, and show how these systems can be solved efficiently using preconditioned iterative methods, where the matrix-vector products are computed using the fast multipole method. We illustrate the use of the method on generalized Cantor sets and the Cantor dust.
Shared Status, Shared Politics? Evaluating a New Pathway to Black Solidarity with Other People of Color
Authors: Pérez Efrén , Vicuña Bianca , Ramos Alisson 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch suggests that solidarity between people of color (PoC) is triggered when a marginalized ingroup believes they are discriminated similarly to another outgroup. This evidence has primarily focused on Asian Americans, Latinos, and Middle Eastern people, who are systematically discriminated against as foreigners. Yet evidence remains absent on Black people, who are systematically discriminated against as inferior, but not as foreign. Using a pair of pre-registered experiments with Black and Latino adults (N = 2060), we manipulated a shared sense of discrimination as inferior (“second class citizenship”). This treatment measurably increased Black solidarity with PoC, which then significantly boosted their support for pro-Latino policies (e.g., less Border Patrol agents along US-Mexico border). This pattern was reciprocated by Latinos, whose heightened solidarity with PoC increased their support for pro-Black initiatives (e.g., endorsing #BlackLivesMatter). Sensitivity analyses further establish this pathway’s viability. We discuss the implications for more effective coalition-building among racially minoritized groups in US politics.
Charitable Giving in Times of Covid-19: Do Crises Forward the Better or the Worse in Individuals?
Authors: Litofcenko Julia , Meyer Michael , Neumayr Michaela , Pennerstorfer Astrid 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhy did some individuals react to the Covid-19 crisis in a prosocial manner, whereas others withdrew from society? To shed light onto this question, we investigate changing patterns of charitable giving during the pandemic. The study analyzes survey data of 2000 individuals, representative of the populations of Germany and Austria. Logistic regressions reveal that personal affectedness by Covid-19 seems to play a crucial role: those who were personally affected either mentally, financially, or health-wise during the first 12 months of Covid-19 were most likely to have changed their giving behavior. The observed patterns fit psychological explanations of how human beings process existential threats. Our findings indicate that a profound societal crisis in itself mainly leads to changes in charitable giving if individuals are severely affected on a personal level. Thereby, we contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying individuals’ charitable giving behavior in times of crisis.
Highly Efficient Thermal Barrier Coatings Based on Arc Spraying of Amorphous Fe-based Alloys and NiCrAlY for Use in LH2 Tanks and Other Cryogenic Environments
Authors: Hauer Michél , Gericke Andreas , Möhrke Lukas , Allebrodt Benedikt , Henkel Knuth-Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the current work, a typical NiCrAlY alloy and two novel amorphous Fe-based alloys were arc-sprayed for the desired application as insulative coatings in cryogenic environments such as for the inner walls of LH2 tanks. For the experiments, nitrogen was used as process gas, while the stand-off distance and number of passes were varied. The deposition efficiency, tensile adhesive strength, hardness, durability under cryogenic conditions, and thermal diffusivity were investigated. Another focus included the visual and chemical characterization of the microstructures and potential changes in these due to the harsh temperature regime. Additionally, the residual stresses within the coatings were measured by the incremental hole drilling method based on electronic speckle pattern interferometry and correlated with the other coating properties. This was done to estimate the influence of the stress state on possible coating delamination in the tanks over a longer period. The results demonstrate coatings with low, but varying porosity and oxide content as well as material-dependent correlations to electrical conductivity. In particular, the amorphous Fe-based coatings reveal homogeneous coating structures and promising properties in terms of insulation capacity for use in various cryogenic applications.
Measuring non-exchangeable tail dependence using tail copulas
Authors: Koike Takaaki , Kato Shogo , Hofert Marius 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuantifying tail dependence is an important issue in insurance and risk management. The prevalent tail dependence coefficient (TDC), however, is known to underestimate the degree of tail dependence and it does not capture non-exchangeable tail dependence since it evaluates the limiting tail probability only along the main diagonal. To overcome these issues, two novel tail dependence measures called the maximal tail concordance measure (MTCM) and the average tail concordance measure (ATCM) are proposed. Both measures are constructed based on tail copulas and possess clear probabilistic interpretations in that the MTCM evaluates the largest limiting probability among all comparable rectangles in the tail, and the ATCM is a normalized average of these limiting probabilities. In contrast to the TDC, the proposed measures can capture non-exchangeable tail dependence. Analytical forms of the proposed measures are also derived for various copulas. A real data analysis reveals striking tail dependence and tail non-exchangeability of the return series of stock indices, particularly in periods of financial distress.