bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal Disease in Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Mostafi Mamun , Jabin Masrura 
Published: September 2023

Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Renal diseases are increasingly recognized and encompasses a large share of the health sector. About 20 million people are suffering from chronic kidney disease, and of them, approximately 35,000–40,000 develop endstage renal disease each year. Chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the principal causes of chronic kidney disease. Hypovolemia, sepsis, obstetric complications and drugs (including herbal and homeopathic remedies) are common causes of acute kidney injury. All three renal replacement therapy modalities (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation) are performed in Bangladesh, yet only 25% of end-stage renal disease patients have access to treatment due to inadequate facilities and high healthcare costs. Nephrology as a specialty started its journey in 1973 in Bangladesh and now about 300 Nephrologists are managing the subject. Still there is huge need for more Nephrologists, as only one nephrologist is available for about every 0.8 million people. The country has improved financially from low- to low-middleincome country. Health sector is also more improving gradually. The government is now setting up renal care at rural level, introducing screening programs for early detection and prevention of kidney and other noncommunicable diseases. At the same time steps are under way to improve the advanced renal services at secondary and tertiary health institutes. Kidney transplantation started in 1982 and only live related transplantation are being done in several government and private organization. ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation has already been performed. Recently decease renal transplantation has also been performed. Research and training opportunities are expanding in collaboration with international organizations. Renal services appears up to date in this country but needs more and more enhancement to cope up the ever increasing burden.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 180-185
Clinical relevance, etiology and imaging Characteristics of cerebral venous sinus Thrombosis at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Rashedul , Rahman Aminur , Rahman Tanbin , Hossen Khan Mohammad Sakhawat , Alam Dilruba , Habib Rumana 
Published: September 2023

Background: Cerebral sinus thrombus (CVST) is a rare form of stroke often affects young people with diverse clinical, etiological and radiological presentation. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical relevance, etiologies, and imaging characteristics of CVST in Bangladesh.
Methods: A prospective, observational study was done at a tertiary care hospital with patients recruited in the period of January 2021 to January 2023. 38 patients with clinical and radiological features suggestive of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) were studied with thorough clinical evaluation and comprehensive work up.
Results: The mean age of presentation was 28.42 years with female predominance (n = 24). Headache was the most common presenting symptoms (92%, n = 35) followed by vomiting (52%, n = 20). Hemi paresis (38%; n = 14) was the most common clinical sign followed by cranial nerve palsy (26%, n = 10). 31% of the patients (n=12) had provoked CVST among those the most common cause was found to be pregnancy/puerperium in 58% (n = 7 patients) followed by OCP which were 25% (n = 3). 69 % of the patients (n=26) had unprovoked CVST among those the most common cause was found to be prothrombotic conditions in 85% (n = 22 patients) followed by idiopathic which were 15% (n = 4). In magnetic resonance imaging venography (MRV), 74% of patients (n = 28) had thrombosis of transverse sinus, 53% of patients (n = 20) had thrombosis of the sigmoid sinus and 42% patients (n = 16) of patients had saggital sinus thrombosis.
Conclusion: Clinical presentation is variable, etiology must be determined, and diagnostic method of choice is MRV. Headache was most the common clinical presentation and the most common etiological factor is puerperium. Provoked CVST is more common than unprovoked CVST and transverse sinus thrombosis frequently involved.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 186-191
Pattern of Anaemia among Non-haematological Malignant Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rishad Mahbub Mayukh , Jannat Miftahul , Rakib Nur mohammad , Sultana Tania , Reza Ishrat Binte , Noor Nawsabah , Afrin Zafia , Monjurrahman  , Azad Khan Abul Kalam 
Published: September 2023

Background: Anaemia is a frequent complication in cancer patients and has been linked to a reduction in quality of life as well as a poor prognosis. Considering the paucity of dataregarding anaemia in non-haematological carcinoma in developing countries, this studyaimed to evaluate the pattern of anaemia in non-haematological carcinoma patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over 56 adult anaemic patients of nonhaematological carcinoma inDhaka Medical College Hospital, from 1st of September 2017 to 1stdecember 2017.After getting written informed consent, a detailed history, clinical examination and thorough investigation were carried out in each patient. All the methods in the present study were carried out following the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki.Data were recorded in separated case record form and analyzed by IBM SPSS version 26.
Results: The majority of the study participants were male (62.5%), aged >50 years (64.3%), and from rural areas (60.7%). Metastasis affected 50% of the research participants, and colorectal carcinoma (17.9%) was the most common type of non-haematological carcinoma. The majority of patients had moderate to severe (73.2%), hypochromic (62.5%), and microcytic (62.5%) anemia. In contrast to patients without colorectal cancer, those who had it were more likely to get severe anemia (p=0.001). In patients with metastasis, the likelihood of having hemoglobin below 10 g/dL was 11.27 times higher than in patients without metastasis (COR = 11.27; 95% CI 2.23-56.86).
Conclusion: Maximum anaemic non-haematogical patients had haemoglobin <10 g/dL with microcytosis and hypochromia.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 192-198
Accuracy of transient elastography in Identifying fibrosis among patients with Chronic hepatitis b: a cross-sectional Observational study
Authors: Rony Rajib Saha , Hossain Ahmed , Islam Md Daharul , Karim Md Fazal , Rahman Aminur , Jui Sudipta Saha 
Published: September 2023

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessing fibrosis but is invasive and carries post-procedural risks. Noninvasive tests to evaluate liver fibrosis are needed, and transient elastography is one such method. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to assess the accuracy of transient elastography in identifying fibrosis among patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Medicine and Hepatology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. The study subjects were patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B infection, both outpatient and inpatient cases. Data were collected from 25 patients using convenient and purposive sampling techniques. Demographic data, clinical examination, and relevant investigations were recorded in a structured case report form. Data were processed, registered, edited, computerized, and analyzed.
Results: The study included 25 patients with a mean age of 26.8±6.5 years, predominantly male (80%). All patients were HBsAg positive, 12.0% were HBeAg positive, and 56.0% were antiHBe positive. The mean HBV DNA PCR was 1516293.4±7475976.3 IU/ml. The mean ALT level was 45.4±13.8 U/L. The mean liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was 7.5±2.3 kPa, with 64.0% of patients showing fibrosis stage F0-F1. The mean periportal +/- bridging necrosis was 2.92±1.58, intralobular degeneration and focal were 1.16±0.55, portal inflammation was 2.52±0.87, histological activity index was 6.6±2.2, and fibrosis score was 1.44±1.04. Positive correlations were observed between LSM and histological activity index (r=0.239; p=0.251) and between LSM and fibrosis score (r=0.107; p=0.612).
Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that transient elastography provides a non-invasive, easy, and cost-effective method for identifying fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients, serving as a potential alternative to liver biopsy.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 199-205
Vitamin D Status in Hypothyroid Patients
Authors: Bhowmic Rajib , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Bhuiyan Md Minhaj Uddin , Das UzzalKanti , Siddiki Md Shahriar , Naafi Shah Mubdi Un , Chowdhury Md Faizul Islam 
Published: September 2023

Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. It is estimated that about 25-50% of patients commonly encounter vitamin D deficiency in clinical practice. Recent studies show hypothyroid patients suffer from significantly low vitamin D level. As vitamin D and thyroid hormone act through steroid receptors, one can affect the other’s action. Considering the scientific evidence, the study was aimed to assess the vitamin D level among the subjects with hypothyroidism. This hospital-based case-control study was conducted among 70 subjects including 35 cases and 35 controls at the Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology in Dhaka Medical College Hospital in 6 months duration following approval of this protocol. Data were collected by face to face interview, using a structured questionnaire and case record review. Hospital records including laboratory reports were also reviewed. Thirty-five cases and thirty-five control samples were screened for vitamin D levels. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Among the participants, 55 were female with a male-female ratio of 1: 3.67. The mean age was 44.6 ± 11.69 year. The highest number of patients were in between 41 to 55 year (41%). The majority of cases were from rural areas (67.0%). There was no significant differences in socio-demographic profiles between the cases and control groups (P >0.05). Hypovitaminosis D was found in 67% of cases. Among them 39.0% had mild insufficiency (20-29 ng/ml), 21.0% had moderate deficiency (10-19 ng/ml) and 7.0% had severe deficiency (< 10 ng/ml). The mean vitamin D level was 23.79 ± 8.1 ng/ml. Serum 25(OH)D level was markedly reduced in hypothyroid cases in comparison to the euthyroid control group [22.14 ± 8.02 and 26.22 ± 7.53 respectively ); P < 0.005]. Data showed hypothyroid patient is likely to develop Hypovitaminosis D 3.37 times higher compared to a euthyroid patient (OR=3.37; 95% CI:1.644-9.7440; P=0.02). Moreover, this lower level is not associated with the difference in age, sex and occupation (P< 0.005). Hypovitaminosis D is associated with hypothyroidism with no variation in respect to age, sex and occupation. The hypovitaminosis D is significantly associated with hypothyroi- dism in the study population.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 51(1): 25-32
Effects of Short Wave Diathermy Therapy in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder (ACS)
Authors: Haque Asiful , Hoque Md Ahsanul , Sadeque A B M Zafar , Rahman Hasan Habibur , Ilias Mohammad , Hojaifa Musa Muhammad , Baral Aparajeya Bivab Bikash , Bhuiyan Mohammad Kamruzzaman 
Published: September 2023

There are varieties of management option for Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder (ACS) also known as Periarthrosis and in general population commonly known as Frozen Shoulder. Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) is one of the important therapeutic option for frozen sholder. The aim of the study is to determine effectiveness of SWD in order to improve the pain and range of motion in Adhesive Capsulitis. A total 56 subjects were selected for this non-randomized controlled trial in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chattogram Medical College Hospital with adhesive capsulitis in a period of 6 months. The subject were divided into two intervention groups; group-A with conventional treatment plan with SWD and group-B with conventional treatment only. Tool used for assessment were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure pain with Tenderness Grading (TG) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index Score (SPADI). The analysis was done to measure the difference of effectiveness of both interventions by independent t-test with SPSS-20. Among 56 patients regarding analysis of sex in both groups male and female were matched (p>0.05) and male - female ratio was 1.66: 1. Considering socioeconomic status, poor was 21.4%, middle class was 44.6% and rich was 33.9%. Among all patients 35.7% were housewives, 16.1% were service holder, farmers were 12.5%, businessmen were 16.2% and laborers were 3.6%. In total patients, 48.2% had right shoulder involvement, 50.0% had left side involvement and one patient had both sided disease. There were 92.7% patients who had localized pain and only 7.3% had radiation. Majority of the experienced pain in the evening was 56.4% and rest had pain at night was 43.6%. About half of the patients in both groups had constant and intermittent type of pain 47.5% and 45.5% respectively other types were sharp and dull. Significant difference between Group A and Group B was found at week 2, week 4 and week 6 follow-up (p<0.05) whereas initial follow-up was non-significant in VAS analysis (p>0.05). Significant difference between Group A and Group B was found at week 2, week 4 and week 6 follow-up (p<0.05) regarding change of tenderness grading in Group A, then Group B patients. Significant difference between Group A and Group B was found at week 2, week 4 and week 6 follow-up (p<0.05) regarding SPADI. When SWD is combined with conventional management of adhesive capsulitis it gives better reduction in pain and disability. Conventional treatment plan with SED is more effective in the management of pain and reduce disabilities in patients with ACS.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 51(1): 1-7
COVID-19 and Mental Health Consequences: The Way Forward
Authors: Giasuddin Noor Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

On 31 December 2019, the WHO China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology detected in Wuhan City in Hubei Province of its territory. The Chinese authorities isolated a new type of coronavirus on 7 January 2020. The consequences of this viral infection were later termed as COVID-19 disease. Direct and indirect psychological and social effects can affect mental health now and in future. COVID-19 can infect brain and can affect brain function. During and after this pandemic, harmful behaviors like suicide and self-harm are likely to increase. SARS (2003) had 30% increase in suicide in those over 65 years. Half of the recovered patients remained anxious; 29% health care workers experienced emotional distress. When a person becomes infected with COVID-19 disease, s/he is also at higher risk for sleep problems owing to acute stress responses. Anxiety and depressive symptoms constitute common reactions for people with COVID-19 diagnosis, especially for those who may be hospitalized, due to concerns for one’s own health or the health of others, the need for physical isolation. Other concerns include the potential risk of death, concerns over the risk of infecting others, and concerns over leaving family members alone who may need care. Stress-related psychiatric conditions including mood and substance use disorders which are associated with suicidal behavior. COVID-19 survivors may also be at elevated suicide risk during and after the pandemic. The suicidal behaviors are likely to be present for a long time and peak later than the actual pandemic. Lifestyle during the pandemic is characterized by prolonged inactivity, increased eating and consequent obesity, alcohol and other substance abuse. All of these behavioral characteristics are included in maladaptive coping strategies.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):01-03
Fixation of Tibial Shaft Fracture by Interlocking Nail without Proximal Screws
Authors: Mondal Anadi Ranjan , Uddin Md Maiyeen , Akhter Mohammad Shahin , Rahaman Md Masudur , Alam Syed Asif Ul , Karmakar Narayan Chandra 
Published: September 2023

Tibia is the most commonly fractured long bone. In adults it takes 4 to 6 months to heal depending on the severity ofinjury and method of treatment. Rate of complications are also high. Locked intramedullary nailing is the preferredtreatment for tibial shaft fractures. When locked proximally and distally, removal of one set of screws, especially intransverse and short oblique fractures are required for dynamization before weight bearing. Fail to do this timely,many of these patients present with nonunion and implant failure. The purpose of the study was to enhance healing oftibial shaft fracture by early weight bearing, at the same time minimizing the complications and early return to work.Stable open type- I, II & closed tibial shaft fractures from the isthmus to 4 cm above the distal articular surface of thetibia were fixed by locking nail without proximal screws. This prospective study was done from June 2009 to July2014 on 410 patients treated at several hospitals of Faridpur city. All the operations were done in closed methodwithout any C-Arm monitoring. Patients were allowed to move with crutch and controlled partial weight bearingwithin two to four weeks of operation. All patients were followed up for five years. In most cases the nail wereremoved in one to two years. Early weight bearing causes compression and intermittent micro movements at thefracture site. The fractures heal as early as in eight to twelve weeks and no nonunion or implant failure wereencountered. Knee pain was complained by 41 patients (10%), disappeared after removal of the nail. Superficialinfection developed in 8 cases (1.95%), controlled in 2 to 3 weeks and deep infections were encountered in 8 cases(1.95%) with delaying union but eradicated spontaneously as the fracture healed. Deep infection occurs only in openfractures. Although five years period is not enough to comment about development of secondary osteoarthritis, weencountered no such cases till now. So, closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) of stable open type-I, II &closed tibial shaft fractures from the isthmus to 4 cm above the distal articular surface of the tibia by interlockingnailing with distal locking screws only, allows early controlled weight bearing, thereby early fracture healing and lesschance of implant failure.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):33-36
HIV Enteropathy in an Adolescent Bangladeshi Girl: A Case Report
Authors: Akter Hazera , Tasmeen Ruhina , Sarker Mst Naznin , Rukunuzzaman Md 
Published: September 2023

We report a case of 14 years old girl who presented with intractable diarrhoea, low-grade irregular fever, multiplepainful oral ulcers, recurrent boils over different parts of the body for 1 year, and weight loss for 6 months. Previouslyshe was erroneously diagnosed as intestinal tuberculosis. The patient did not respond to antitubercular drugs. She alsogot prednisolone and mesalamine as the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Now she is diagnosed as a case ofAIDS-stage 3. We describe the case and discuss its clinical and biochemical findings with treatment.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):49-52
Morphometric Variation of Acromion Process in A Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Latif Md Safat , Shanto Rafuja Afrin , Mili Dilruba Afrose , Islam Shamima , Haque Shah Md Atiqul , Siddiquee Tasnoma , Tanzeem Sabiha , Sultana Masuma 
Published: September 2023

A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done on 150 (70 right and 80 left) fully ossified dry human scapulae of Bangladeshi people to find out the variation in length and breadth of the acromion process. Sample collection was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, between January and December of 2019. Any kind of damaged or broken scapulae were excluded to maintain standard measurement. Length and breadth were measured with the help of digital Vernier slide calipers. The mean (±SD) length was 41.77±5.87 mm and 40.84±6.262 mm on right and left sided scapulae respectively and the mean (±SD) breadth was 22.19±3.08 mm on right sided scapulae and 22.1±2.69 mm on left sided scapulae. These data are important to compare Bangladeshi scapulae to those from various other races that could contribute to demographic studies of shoulder disease probability and management in Bangladeshi population.
CBMJ 2023 July: Vol. 12 No. 02 P: 183-187
“Sexuality Care” pada Anak SD di Kelurahan Bener Wilayah Kerja Tegalrejo
Authors: Prihatin Eny Septi Wulandari Dwi , Pratiwi Etik , Priliana Wiwi Kustio 
Published: September 2023

Sexuality Care merupakan suatu wujud program kepedulian tenaga kesehatan terhadap kesehatan anak yang merambah umur anak muda. Pemberian edukasi kepada anak yang berusia menjelang remaja awal ditujukan agar anak dapat beradaptasi terhadap perubahan fisiknya. SDN Tegalrejo I sepanjang ini belum sempat memperoleh program preventif dalam melindungi Kesehatan Reproduksi. Dedikasi ini bertujuan guna membagikan data pengetahuan anak muda tentang berartinya pertumbuhan organ intim dari segi fisik serta psikologinya. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dengan pre test sebelum dilakukan penyuluhan dan post test setelah dilakukan penyuluhan pada anak SD kelas 6 SDN Tegalrejo I. Pengabdi melakukan kegiatan dengan metode ceramah, demonstrasi, serta Focus Group Discussion( FGD). media yang digunakan booklet serta dilaksanakan tahap tanya jawab. Hasil menunjukkan sejumlah 60 anak yang berusia 10- 13 tahun. Pengetahuan anak meningkat khususnya mengenai “Sexual Care” setelah diberikan proses edukasi melalui ceramah dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD).
Pelatihan Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah bagi Guru-Guru SD untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru
Authors: Khosiyono Banun Havifah Cahyo , Nisa Ana Fitrotun , Irfan Muhammad , Mulyantoro Praja 
Published: September 2023

Guru-guru sekolah dasar masih mengalami banyak hambatan dan kendala dalam penulisan karya ilmiah serta publikasi ilmiah diperlukan sebagai syarat kenaikan pangkat. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan guru-guru SD tentang teknik penulisan karya ilmiah dan tentang cara dan sistematikan publikasi ilmiah. Metode yang digunakan adalah In Service Training melalui metode ceramah, diskusi, presentasi, dan On Service Training melalui pendampingan melakukan perencanaan penelitian; melakukan progress report; menulis artikel ilmiah; dan pendampingan melakukan submit jurnal. Hasil dari pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu memberikan pemahaman tentang karya tulis ilmiah, alasan mengapa guru harus membuat karya ilmiah, konsep karya tulis ilmiah, dan proses menulis karya ilmiah. Selanjutnya para guru mendapatkan materi tentang cara mempublikasikan karya tulis ilmiah beserta tahapan-tahapannya Luaran yang diharapkan dapat terwujud dari kegiatan abdimas kemitraan masyarakat (AKM) ini adalah: (1) Karya artikel-artikel ilmiah oleh guru-guru SD; dan (2) Artikel yang dipublikasikan di journal nasional ber ISSN.