bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The statistical parameters analysis of bed load grains in Sungai Kakap Waters, Kubu Raya Regency
Authors: Salawati Salawati , Putra Yoga Satria , Muhardi Muhardi , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Adriat Riza 
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the statistical parameters of bed load grains in Sungai Kakap Waters, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Bed load sampling was carried out at seven stations, with five sampling points each. The hydrometer test on the sample was carried out to determine the grain type and size of the bed load, and statistical parameter analysis to determine the mean size, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis. The results showed that the fraction of bed load in the form of sand was 38.54%, silt was 42.11%, and clay was 19.28%. The bed load was dominated by three types, clayey clay, clay, and dusty clay. Based on the grain size parameters of the bed load, the mean size (in units) is 0.94 – 2.24, with the classification of coarse sand to fine sand. The results also showed that the sorting obtained is poorly sorted, the skewness of the sediment is very fine skewed, and the kurtosis is platykurtic.Keywords: bed load; sorting; skewness; kurtosis
Trends and determinants of modern contraceptive utilisation among adolescent girls aged 15-19 years in Sierra Leone: an analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys, 2008-2019
Authors: Olal Emmanuel , Grovogui Fassou Mathias , Nantale Ritah , Sserwanja Quraish , Nakazwe Chola , Nuwabaine Lilllian , Mukunya David , Ikoona Eric Nzirakaindi , Benova Lenka 
Published: May 2023

Background Modern contraceptives are effective interventions for preventing unwanted pregnancies, but their use remain low among adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa. First, we aimed to assess the trends of modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls aged 15-19 years in Sierra Leone in the period 2008-2019. Second, we explored how individual and contextual determinants of their use changed during this period. Methods We used a combined sample of 8,774 adolescent girls aged 15-19 years from the 2008, 2013, and 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Surveys (SLDHS), respectively, to estimate the modern contraceptive prevalence rate (MCPR) and unmet need for family planning. We described the method mix and sources of contraceptives among modern method users. We then conducted a multivariable logistic regression to examine the determinants of modern contraceptive use among sexually active adolescent girls, separately for 2008 and 2019. Results MCPR increased from 5.9% (95% CI=4.5-7.8) in 2008 to 21.0% (95% CI=19.2-22.9) in 2019. Most of the increase had occurred by 2013. Norplant (48.8%) and injectables (39%) were the common methods in 2019. Unmet need for family planning declined from 15.4% (95% CI=13.2-17.9) in 2008 to 11.3% (95% CI=9.9-12.7) in 2019, while the prevalence of modern contraceptive use among sexually active adolescent girls increased from 13.1% (95% CI=10-17.0) in 2008 to 43.5% (95% CI=40.2-46.9) in 2019. In both the 2008 and 2019 surveys, the adjusted odds of using modern contraceptives among sexually active adolescent girls were higher among those with more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months, and with secondary or tertiary education. In 2019, the adjusted odds of using a modern contraceptive were also lower among adolescent girls who were married or living with a partner, had more than one child, and lived in the Western province. Conclusions The increase in contraceptive use among adolescent girls in Sierra Leone had stalled since 2013. Interventions, including increasing awareness and accessibility to modern contraceptives, are urgently needed, particularly for adolescents without formal education. Comprehensive and affordable community and school-based interventions, including adolescent-friendly services, would be helpful.
Más allá del mito: la construcción del liderazgo de Mario Roberto Santucho en la organización PRT-ERP
Authors: Iazzetta Marco 
Published: May 2023

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar el proceso de construcción del liderazgo de Mario Roberto Santucho en el PRT-ERP. Para ello abordaremos, en un primer momento,su enfrentamiento con los sectores internos de la organización denominados «morenistas» y «neomorenistas», el cual trajo aparejado la promoción de un estilo de militantemás práctico que teórico. Posteriormente, nos referiremos al culto a la personalidad que se gestó en la organización bajo la creencia de que el Secretario General era el arquetipo del«hombre nuevo» de Ernesto Guevara. Finalmente, haremos hincapié en los procedimientos que utilizó para fortalecer su posición, desviar la discusión y las críticas.
İÇ MOĞOLİSTAN ÖRNEĞİNDE MEKÂNSAL DİNAMİKLER VE MOĞOL MİLLÎ BİRLİĞİ
Authors: TEZİÇ Mustafa Can 
Published: May 2023

İç Moğolistan’daki idari yapılanma siyasetleri üzerinden yapılan bu tekrardan okuma mekânsal yapıların etnik bilinç ve grup aidiyetleri üzerinde belirleyici etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Mekânsal bir yapı olan etnografik sınırların parçalanması etnik bilinç ve grup aidiyetinin örtüşmesi üzerinde bir engel oluşturabildiği gibi bu karşıtlık İç Moğolistan örneğinde olduğu gibi millî bütünleşmenin de önüne geçebilmektedir. Araştırmalar Mançuların da içerisine dahil olduğu geleneksel Çin politikasının kuzey sınırlarının güvenliğinin bu bölgedeki konar göçer grupların sosyolojik dinamiklerini bozmak üzerine kurulu olduğunu göstermektedir. Konar göçer gruplar arasındaki çatışmalar üzerine kurulu olan bu dinamik yapı güçlü liderlerin çıkıp büyük siyasi birliklerin kurulmasına yol vermektedir. Bu noktada bölgede uygulanan idari yapılanma siyasetleri bu sosyolojik yapının önüne geçilmesi için kullanılan araçlardan bir olmuştur. Konar göçer gruplar arasında yüzyıllardır süren bu sosyolojik döngünün önüne geçilmesi beraberinde kendi çıkarlarını tehlikeye atmak istemeyen bu yüzden de gruplar arasındaki çatışmalardan uzak duran bölgesel yöneticilerin ve yönetimlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu noktada mekânsal bağlılıklar ve etnik bilinç düzeyindeki karşıtlıklar siyasi yapı üzerinde kendisini hissettirmiştir. Bu karşıtlık sonucunda bugün İç Moğolistan olarak bilinen bölgede Mançu Çin politikaları karşısında bir Moğol birliği kurulamamış, farklı grupların kendi bölgesel politikaları Moğolların bir bütün olarak hareket etmelerinin önüne geçmiştir.
İlerleyen dönemde ise bölgede yükselen Moğol milliyetçiliği karşısında Mançu Çin idaresi bu idari yapıları Moğolların aleyhlerine olacak şekilde daha da geliştirmiştir. Bu çerçevede kurulan nüfusça kalabalık Çinli idari birimler içerisine Moğol yerleşim birimlerinin eklenmesi sureti ile Moğol nüfus zayıflatılmak istenmiştir. Bu parçalı yapılanma aynı dönem içerisinde Moğol milliyetçi hareket içerinde de Moğolların bir bütün olarak hareket etmelerine engel olmuştur. Farklı idari yapılara bölünmüş Moğol gruplar Çin içerisinde bir bütün olarak hareket edememişlerdir.
Diğer taraftan Büyük Asya politikası ile bölgede etkin bir politika izleyen Japonya ise idari yapılar üzerinden benzer politikalar izlemiştir. Böylelikle bir yandan Çin üzerinde baskı kurarken aynı zamanda da Moğollar üzerinde de etkin bir siyaset izleme olanağı bulmuştur.
Midlife Neuropsychological Profiles and Associated Vascular Risk: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: De Anda-Duran Ileana , Kolachalama Vijaya B. , Carmichael Owen T. , Hwang Phillip H. , Fernandez Camilo , Au Rhoda , Bazzano Lydia A. , Libon David J. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often present with coexisting vascular pathology that is expressed to different degrees and can lead to clinical heterogeneity. Objective: To examine the utility of unsupervised statistical clustering approaches in identifying neuropsychological (NP) test performance subtypes that closely correlate with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in midlife. Methods: A hierarchical agglomerative and k-means clustering analysis based on NP scores (standardized for age, sex, and race) was conducted among 1,203 participants (age 48±5.3 years) from the Bogalusa Heart Study. Regression models assessed the association between cIMT ≥50th percentile and NP profiles, and global cognitive score (GCS) tertiles for sensitivity analysis. Results: Three NP profiles were identified: Mixed-low performance [16%, n = 192], scores ≥1 SD below the mean on immediate, delayed free recall, recognition verbal memory, and information processing; Average [59%, n = 704]; and Optimal [26%, n = 307] NP performance. Participants with greater cIMT were more likely to have a Mixed-low profile [OR = 3.10, 95% CI (2.13, 4.53), p < 0.001] compared to Optimal. After adjusting for education and cardiovascular (CV) risks, results remained. The association with GCS tertiles was more attenuated [lowest (34%, n = 407) versus highest (33%, n = 403) tertile: adjusted OR = 1.66, 95% CI (1.07, 2.60), p = 0.024]. Conclusion: As early as midlife, individuals with higher subclinical atherosclerosis were more likely to be in the Mixed-low profile, underscoring the potential malignancy of CV risk as related to NP test performance, suggesting that classification approaches may aid in identifying those at risk for AD/vascular dementia spectrum illness.
Elecsys Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunoassays Accurately Detect Alzheimer’s Disease Regardless of Concomitant Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Ortner Marion , Lanz Korbinian , Goldhardt Oliver , Müller-Sarnowski Felix , Diehl-Schmid Janine , Förstl Hans , Hedderich Dennis M. , Yakushev Igor , Logan Chad A. , Weinberger Jan-Philipp , Simon Maryline , Grimmer Timo 
Published: May 2023

Background: Differentiating dementia due to small vessel disease (SVD) from dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with concomitant SVD is challenging in clinical practice. Accurate and early diagnosis of AD is critical to delivering stratified patient care. Objective: We characterized the results of Elecsys® cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd) in patients with early AD, diagnosed using core clinical criteria, with varying extent of SVD. Methods: Frozen CSF samples ( n = 84) were measured using Elecsys β-Amyloid(1–42) (Aβ42), Phospho-Tau (181P) (pTau181), and Total-Tau (tTau) CSF immunoassays, adapted for use on the cobas® e 411 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd), and a robust prototype β-Amyloid(1–40) (Aβ40) CSF immunoassay. SVD was assessed by extent of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) using the lesion segmentation tool. Interrelations between WMH, biomarkers, fluorodeoxyglucose F18-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and other parameters (including age and Mini-Mental State examinations [MMSE]) were assessed using Spearman’s correlation, sensitivity/specificity, and logistic/linear regression analyses. Results: The extent of WMH showed significant correlation with Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (Rho=-0.250; p = 0.040), tTau (Rho = 0.292; p = 0.016), tTau/Aβ42 ratio (Rho = 0.247; p = 0.042), age (Rho = 0.373; p = 0.002), and MMSE (Rho=-0.410; p = 0.001). Sensitivity/specificity point estimates for Elecsys CSF immunoassays versus FDG-PET positivity for underlying AD pathophysiology were mostly comparable or greater in patients with high versus low WMH. WMH were not a significant predictor and did not interact with CSF biomarker positivity but modified the association between pTau181 and tTau. Conclusion: Elecsys CSF immunoassays detect AD pathophysiology regardless of concomitant SVD and may help to identify patients with early dementia with underlying AD pathophysiology.
The Prevalence and Agreement of Sarcopenic Obesity Using Different Definitions and Its Association with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Fu Yu , Li Xiaolong , Wang Ting , Yan Shuhua , Zhang Xisheng , Hu Geng , Zhou Jin , Wang Yan , Liu ChangShu , Wang Sai , Cong Yang , Chen Liangkai , Li Tingting , Rong Shuang 
Published: May 2023

Background: The consistent definition of sarcopenic obesity (SO) is limited, its association with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been clarified. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and agreement of SO using different definitions and the association between SO and MCI. Methods: SO was diagnosed by the co-existence of sarcopenia defined by the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) and obesity by body mass index (BMI), visceral fat area (VFA), waist circumference (WC), or body fat percentage (BF%). Cohen’s kappa was used to assess the agreement between the different definitions. The association between SO and MCI was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among 2,451 participants, the prevalence of SO ranged from 1.7% to 8.0% under different definitions. SO defined by AWGS and BMI (AWGS+BMI) showed fair agreements with the other three criteria ( κ ranged from 0.334 to 0.359). The other criteria showed good agreements with each other. The κ statistics were 0.882 for AWGS+VFA and AWGS+BF%, 0.852 for AWGS+VFA and AWGS+WC, and 0.804 for AWGS+BF% and AWGS+WC, respectively. When using different diagnoses of SO, compared with the health group, the adjusted ORs of MCI for SO were 1.96 (95% CI: 1.29-2.99, SO: AWGS+WC), 1.75 (95% CI: 1.14-2.68, SO: AWGS+VFA), 1.94 (95% CI: 1.29-2.93, SO: AWGS+BF%), and 1.45 (95% CI: 0.67-3.12, SO: AWGS+BMI), respectively. Conclusion: Using different obesity indicators combined with AWGS to diagnose SO, BMI had lower prevalence and agreement compared with other three indicators. SO was associated with MCI under different methods (WC, VFA, or BF%).
Pilot Study of Second-Generation DNA Methylation Epigenetic Markers in Relation to Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Older Adults
Authors: Vyas Chirag M. , Sadreyev Ruslan I. , Gatchel Jennifer R. , Kang Jae H. , Reynolds Charles F. , Mischoulon David , Chang Grace , Hazra Aditi , Manson JoAnn E. , Blacker Deborah , De Vivo Immaculata , Okereke Olivia I. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Associations between epigenetic aging with cognitive aging and neuropsychiatric measures are not well-understood. Objective: 1) To assess cross-sectional correlations between second-generation DNA methylation (DNAm)-based clocks of healthspan and lifespan (i.e., GrimAge, PhenoAge, and DNAm-based estimator of telomere length [DNAmTL]) and cognitive and neuropsychiatric measures; 2) To examine longitudinal associations between change in DNAm markers and change in cognition over 2 years. Methods: Participants were members of VITAL-DEP (VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL- Depression Endpoint Prevention) study. From previously ascertained cognitive groups (i.e., cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment), we randomly selected 45 participants, aged≥60 years, who completed in-person neuropsychiatric assessments at baseline and 2 years. The primary outcome was global cognitive score (averaging z-scores of 9 tests). Neuropsychiatric Inventory severity scores were mapped from neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) from psychological scales and structured diagnostic interviews. DNAm was assayed using Illumina MethylationEPIC 850K BeadChip at baseline and 2 years. We calculated baseline partial Spearman correlations between DNAm markers and cognitive and NPS measures. We constructed multivariable linear regression models to examine longitudinal relations between DNAm markers and cognition. Results: At baseline, we observed a suggestive negative correlation between GrimAge clock markers and global cognition but no signal between DNAm markers and NPS measures. Over 2 years: each 1-year increase in DNAmGrimAge was significantly associated with faster declines in global cognition; each 100-base pair increase in DNAmTL was significantly associated with better global cognition. Conclusion: We found preliminary evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between DNAm markers and global cognition.
Nomogram for Early Prediction of Parkinson’s Disease Based on microRNA Profiles and Clinical Variables
Authors: Hou Xiangqing , Wong Garry 
Published: May 2023

Background: Few efficient and simple models for the early prediction of Parkinson’s disease (PD) exists. Objective: To develop and validate a novel nomogram for early identification of PD by incorporating microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles and clinical indicators. Methods: Expression levels of blood-based miRNAs and clinical variables from 1,284 individuals were downloaded from the Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative database on June 1, 2022. Initially, the generalized estimating equation was used to screen candidate biomarkers of PD progression in the discovery phase. Then, the elastic net model was utilized for variable selection and a logistics regression model was constructed to establish a nomogram. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curves were utilized to evaluate the performance of the nomogram. Results: An accurate and externally validated nomogram was constructed for predicting prodromal and early PD. The nomogram is easy to utilize in a clinical setting since it consists of age, gender, education level, and transcriptional score (calculated by 10 miRNA profiles). Compared with the independent clinical model or 10 miRNA panel separately, the nomogram was reliable and satisfactory because the area under the ROC curve achieved 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.77) and obtained a superior clinical net benefit in DCA based on external datasets. Moreover, calibration curves also revealed its excellent prediction power. Conclusion: The constructed nomogram has potential for large-scale early screening of PD based upon its utility and precision.
IgA-Biome Profiles Correlate with Clinical Parkinson’s Disease Subtypes
Authors: Brown Eric L. , Essigmann Heather T. , Hoffman Kristi L. , Alexander Ashley S. , Newmark Michael , Jiang Zhi-Dong , Suescun Jessika , Schiess Mya C. , Hanis Craig L. , DuPont Herbert L. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with distinctive gut microbiome patterns suggesting that interventions targeting the gut microbiota may prevent, slow, or reverse disease progression and severity. Objective: Because secretory IgA (SIgA) plays a key role in shaping the gut microbiota, characterization of the IgA-Biome of individuals classified into either the akinetic rigid (AR) or tremor dominant (TD) Parkinson’s disease clinical subtypes was used to further define taxa unique to these distinct clinical phenotypes. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to separate IgA-coated and -uncoated bacteria from stool samples obtained from AR and TD patients followed by amplification and sequencing of the V4 region of the 16 S rDNA gene on the MiSeq platform (Illumina). Results: IgA-Biome analyses identified significant alpha and beta diversity differences between the Parkinson’s disease phenotypes and the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio was significantly higher in those with TD compared to those with AR. In addition, discriminant taxa analyses identified a more pro-inflammatory bacterial profile in the IgA+ fraction of those with the AR clinical subclass compared to IgA-Biome analyses of those with the TD subclass and with the taxa identified in the unsorted control samples. Conclusion: IgA-Biome analyses underscores the importance of the host immune response in shaping the gut microbiome potentially affecting disease progression and presentation. In the present study, IgA-Biome analyses identified a unique proinflammatory microbial signature in the IgA+ fraction of those with AR that would have otherwise been undetected using conventional microbiome analysis approaches.
Impact of long-term high dietary fat intake and regular exercise on serum TMAO and microbiome composition in female rats
Authors: Almer Gunter , Semeraro Maria Donatella , Meinitzer Andreas , Enko Dietmar , Rodriguez Blanco Giovanny , Gallé Birgit , Horvath Angela , Moissl-Eichinger Christine , Till Holger , Gruber Hans-Jürgen , Herrmann Markus 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUD: Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) represents a gut metabolite and it's physiological concentration is proposed to be influenced by the abundance of precursor trimethylamine (TMA)-producing microbiota in the gut. OBJECTIVE: Lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise, modify the microbiome, but their long-term impact on plasma TMAO and TMA production in the gut is poorly understood. METHODS: Fecal microbiome composition was analyzed and correlated with TMAO serum concentrations in female Sprague-Dawley rats that received either a healthy normal or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 months. Half of the animals performed regular running exercise, the other half served as sedentary controls. RESULTS: HFD consumption induced an alteration of the fecal microbiome with increased alpha diversity on ASV levels. More importantly, HFD reduced the abundance of genera containing potential TMA producers, such as certain members of Clostridia and Lachnospiraceae. In line with this observation, serum TMAO concentrations were found to be lower with HFD and to correlate with the abundance of these genera. Regular exercise also induced changes in microbiome beta diversity but had no effect on serum TMAO in female rats. CONCLUSION: A diet containing high amounts of dietary fat reduced serum TMAO, probably through a reduced intestinal abundance of TMA-producing bacteria. In contrast, regular exercise altered beta diversity of the microbiome composition, but without significant effects on serum TMAO concentrations.
Kajian Paparan Medan Listrik pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Pare (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Ko'u Setiwani , Wiguna Gede Arya , Welsiliana Welsiliana 
Published: May 2023

Pare (Momordica charantia L.) dalam bahasa daerah Timor disebut paria adalah tumbuhan herba merambat termasuk dalam famili Cucurbitaceae yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai sayuran. Selain sebagai sayuran pare banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai obat seperti antidiabetes, antipiretik dan antiinflamasi. Budidaya tanaman pare memiliki prospek yang baik, oleh karenanya perlu dilakukan kajian peningkatkan produktivitas tanaman pare, diantaranya yaitu menggunakan paparan medan listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh paparan medan litrik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman pare. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktorial dengan tiga kali ulangan dengan variabel bebas paparan medan listrik dan waktu paparan. Variabel terikatnya adalah laju pertumbuhan tanaman serta laju pertumbuhan jumlah daun. Perlakuan penelitian terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dengan satu kontrol dan paparan medan listrik yang masing-masing adalah 1,28 kV/m, 1,55 kV/m, 1,80 kV/m, 2,12 kV/m, dan 2,45 kV/m. Waktu paparan yang diberikan yaitu 15 menit dan 30 menit. Hasil data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dilakukan analisis menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Apabila hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan pengaruh nyata dari perlakuan, maka dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan Mean Range Test (DMRT). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa paparan medan listrik pada pare berpengaruh terdahap pertumbuhan tanaman baik pertumbuhan tinggi dan juga jumlah daun. Pertumbuhan optimum tanaman pare yaitu pada perlakuan paparan medan listrik 1,28 kV/m selama 30 menit, dengan hasil laju pertumbuhan 14,2 ± 0,5 cm/minggu dan laju jumlah daun 13,8 ± 0,5 helai/minggu.