bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of metabolic stress induced cell death of human oligodendrocytes: relevance for progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fernandes Milton Guilherme Forestieri , Mohammadnia Abdulshakour , Pernin Florian , Schmitz-Gielsdorf Laura Eleonora , Hodgins Caroline , Cui Qiao-Ling , Yaqubi Moein , Blain Manon , Hall Jeffery , Dudley Roy , Srour Myriam , Zandee Stephanie E. J. , Klement Wendy , Prat Alexandre , Stratton Jo Anne , Rodriguez Moses , Kuhlmann Tanja , Moore Wayne , Kennedy Timothy E. , Antel Jack P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOligodendrocyte (OL) injury and loss are central features of evolving lesions in multiple sclerosis. Potential causative mechanisms of OL loss include metabolic stress within the lesion microenvironment. Here we use the injury response of primary human OLs (hOLs) to metabolic stress (reduced glucose/nutrients) in vitro to help define the basis for the in situ features of OLs in cases of MS. Under metabolic stress in vitro, we detected reduction in ATP levels per cell that precede changes in survival. Autophagy was initially activated, although ATP levels were not altered by inhibitors (chloroquine) or activators (Torin-1). Prolonged stress resulted in autophagy failure, documented by non-fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Consistent with our in vitro results, we detected higher expression of LC3, a marker of autophagosomes in OLs, in MS lesions compared to controls. Both in vitro and in situ, we observe a reduction in nuclear size of remaining OLs. Prolonged stress resulted in increased ROS and cleavage of spectrin, a target of Ca2+-dependent proteases. Cell death was however not prevented by inhibitors of ferroptosis or MPT-driven necrosis, the regulated cell death (RCD) pathways most likely to be activated by metabolic stress. hOLs have decreased expression of VDAC1, VDAC2, and of genes regulating iron accumulation and cyclophilin. RNA sequencing analyses did not identify activation of these RCD pathways in vitro or in MS cases. We conclude that this distinct response of hOLs, including resistance to RCD, reflects the combined impact of autophagy failure, increased ROS, and calcium influx, resulting in metabolic collapse and degeneration of cellular structural integrity. Defining the basis of OL injury and death provides guidance for development of neuro-protective strategies.
Different definitions of feeding intolerance and their associations with outcomes of critically ill adults receiving enteral nutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Jianbo , Wang Lijie , Zhang Huan , Zou Tongjuan , Kang Yan , He Wei , Xu Yuan , Yin Wanhong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
A unified clinical definition of feeding intolerance (FI) is urged for better management of enteral nutrition (EN) in critically ill patients. We aimed to identify optimum clinical FI definitions based on reported evidence.

Methods
We searched clinical studies comparing FI with non-FI with a clear definition, summarized the evidence by random-effect meta-analyses, and rated the certainty of evidence by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation frameworks.

Results
Five thousand five hundred twenty-five records were identified, of which 26 eligible studies enrolled 25,189 adult patients. Most patient-centered outcomes were associated with FI overall. Low to very low certainty evidence established FI defined as large gastric residual volume (GRV) ≥ 250 ± 50 mL combined with any other gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) had a significant association with high mortalities in particular all-cause hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–2.57), the incidence of pneumonia (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.13–2.09) and prolonged length of hospital stay (mean difference 4.20, 95% CI 2.08–6.32), with a moderate hospital prevalence (41.49%, 95% CI 31.61–51.38%). 3-day enteral feeding (EF) delivered percentage < 80% had a moderate hospital prevalence (38.23%, 95% CI 24.88–51.58) but a marginally significant association with all-cause hospital mortality (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.03–3.50).

Conclusions
In critically ill adult patients receiving EN, the large-GRV-centered GIS to define FI seemed to be superior to 3-day EF-insufficiency in terms of both close associations with all-cause hospital mortality and acceptable hospital prevalence (Registered PROSPERO: CRD42022326273).
Trial registration: The protocol for this review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42022326273. Registered 10 May 2022.
Alteration of circulating redox balance in coronavirus disease-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Bellanti Francesco , Kasperczyk Sławomir , Kasperczyk Aleksandra , Dobrakowski Michał , Pacilli Gabriella , Vurchio Giuseppina , Maddalena Alessandro , Quiete Stefano , Lo Buglio Aurelio , Capurso Cristiano , Serviddio Gaetano , Vendemiale Gianluigi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Mechanisms underpinning ARDS induced by COVID-19 are mostly immune-mediated, but need to be completely clarified. This study aimed to investigate redox balance in COVID-19 patients with ARDS, trying to recognize possible differences from typical ARDS related to the pathophysiology of severe disease.

Methods
Patients affected by ARDS and positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus (N = 40, COVID-19) were compared to ARDS patients negative to the molecular test (N = 42, No COVID-19). Circulating markers of redox balance were measured in serum and erythrocytes, and related to markers of inflammation and coagulability.

Results
No differences in serum markers of oxidative damage were found between both groups, but a reduction in total antioxidant status and serum ceruloplasmin level was observed in COVID-19 rather than No COVID-19 patients. Redox balance alterations were described in erythrocytes from COVID-19 with respect to No COVID-19 group, characterized by increased lipofuscin and malondialdehyde concentration, and reduced glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activity. These markers were associated with circulating indexes of respiratory disease severity (Horowitz index and alveolar-to-arterial oxygen gradient), inflammation (interleukin-6 and interleukin-10), and hypercoagulability (D-dimer) in COVID-19 patients with ARDS.

Conclusions
ARDS caused by COVID-19 is sustained by impairment of redox balance, particularly in erythrocytes. This alteration is associated with the pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant status which characterizes severe COVID-19.
How does dental implant macrogeometry affect primary implant stability? A narrative review
Authors: Heimes Diana , Becker Philipp , Pabst Andreas , Smeets Ralf , Kraus Annika , Hartmann Amely , Sagheb Keyvan , Kämmerer Peer W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeThe macrogeometry of a dental implant plays a decisive role in its primary stability. A larger diameter, a conical shape, and a roughened surface increase the contact area of the implant with the surrounding bone and thus improve primary stability. This is considered the basis for successful implant osseointegration that different factors, such as implant design, can influence. This narrative review aims to critically review macro-geometric features affecting the primary stability of dental implants.MethodsFor this review, a comprehensive literature search and review of relevant studies was conducted based on formulating a research question, searching the literature using keywords and electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to search for relevant studies. These studies were screened and selected, the study quality was assessed, data were extracted, the results were summarized, and conclusions were drawn.ResultsThe macrogeometry of a dental implant includes its surface characteristics, size, and shape, all of which play a critical role in its primary stability. At the time of placement, the initial stability of an implant is determined by its contact area with the surrounding bone. Larger diameter and a conical shape of an implant result in a larger contact area and better primary stability. But the linear relationship between implant length and primary stability ends at 12 mm.ConclusionsSeveral factors must be considered when choosing the ideal implant geometry, including local factors such as the condition of the bone and soft tissues at the implant site and systemic and patient-specific factors such as osteoporosis, diabetes, or autoimmune diseases. These factors can affect the success of the implant procedure and the long-term stability of an implant. By considering these factors, the surgeon can ensure the greatest possible therapeutic success and minimize the risk of implant failure.Graphical Abstract
Impacts of cigarette smoking on blood circulation: do we need a new approach to blood donor selection?
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Yuhan , Zhou Weixin , Huang Yuanshuai , Yang Jianbo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSmoking is a major public health problem and is considered the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Gas-phase smoke carries bioactive substances and toxic compounds, affecting human health and reducing life spans. The negative effects of smoking on red blood cell (RBC) quality include destroying RBCs and increasing carboxy hemoglobin (COHb). Smoking increases the concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the blood. Moreover, tobacco smoking has been found to be associated with heightened platelet (PLT)-dependent thrombin level which will induce a prothrombotic state. Smoking may affect the blood circulation of donors, and subsequently the blood components, and ultimately the recipients of transfusion. Nevertheless, there are no restrictions on smoking for volunteer blood donor screenings currently. We reviewed the articles about the influence of smoking on smokers' blood circulation as well as the impact of donated blood products on transfusion when these smokers act as blood donors. We aim to attract blood collection centers’ attention to strengthen the management of blood donors who smoke, avoiding their use in massive transfusion protocol and susceptible recipients, especially pediatric ones.
Experiences of being at high-risk during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on emotional well-being and daily life in people with chronic conditions: a qualitative study
Authors: Mejdahl Caroline Trillingsgaard , Nielsen Pernille Bjørnholt , Nielsen Lise Arnth , Christensen Astrid Fyrstenborg , Nielsen Berit Kjærside 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
With its health risks and extensive disruption to everyday life, the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the lives of billions of people. People with chronic conditions are particularly susceptible to severe illness if infected by COVID-19, and they have repeatedly been urged to take stringent steps to ‘shield’ themselves from the virus. It is argued that the negative impact of isolation and other lockdown-related restrictions on emotional well-being and daily life may be most prominent among people at increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19. This qualitative thematic analysis aimed to explore how individuals with chronic conditions perceived the risk posed by COVID-19 and to understand how being at high risk affected their emotional well-being and everyday life.

Methods
The study is a thematic analysis of qualitative data consisting of semi-structured interviews with adults affected by at least one chronic condition supplemented with free text comments from a PRO-based survey.

Results
Based on 17 semi-structured interviews and 144 free text comments from a PRO-based survey three thematic patterns representing diverse COVID-19-related risk experiences were extracted: (1) Feeling vulnerable and at risk, (2) Uncertainty about being at risk, and (3) Distancing from the high-risk label.

Conclusions
The risk of COVID-19 impacted the participants’ everyday lives and emotional well-being in various ways. Some participants felt vulnerable and at risk causing them and their families to take on far-reaching precautions with significant consequences for their everyday life and emotional well-being. Some participants expressed uncertainty associated with whether they were at increased risk. Such uncertainty gave rise to dilemmas about how to navigate their everyday life. Other participants did not identify themselves as at higher risk and took no special precautions. Such a lack of perceived risk may undermine their motivation for taking preventive measures, which calls for public attention regarding current or future pandemics.
Tanta stroke chain performance during era of COVID-19 pandemic: how to minimize the real/expectation gap
Authors: Kasem Nada Talaat , Abdel-khalek Hazem Mohamed , Bahnasy Wafik Said , El-Seidy Ehab Ahmed Shawky 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
During the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it would be so difficult to keep the balance between time-saving best stroke care and medical staff safety which obliges healthcare decision-makers to think extraordinarily. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the Tanta stroke chain (TSC) during the period of the study as well as to identify areas of strength and disparities of the system while dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic measures. The study was conducted on 492 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who were divided into COVID-19 suspected (115 patients) and COVID-19 non-suspected (377 patients). The former group was further COVID-19 confirmed and COVID-19 negative patients. The latter group was subdivided according to the timing of the patient’s arrival at the hospital in the morning, evening, and night shifts group while the fourth group constitute those reached during shifting hours. Patients received early stroke management regarding the 2018 AHA/ASA guideline and its 2019 update.

Results
Suspected COVID-19 patients represented 23.37% of studied patients. Onset to needle time was significantly prolonged in suspected COVID-19 patients with little chance of utilizing IV thrombolysis (IVT) and consecutive higher morbidity and mortality rates. For COVID-19 non-suspected patients group, a higher rate of IVT utilization was noticed in those reached during the morning shift with a lower chance of utilization in those reached during the shifting hours.

Conclusion
COVID-19 measures had an inverse effect on TSC logistics which needed upgrading of the service to better cope with the pandemic and to improve AIS patients’ functional outcomes.
Triptolide regulates the balance of Tfr/Tfh in lupus mice
Authors: Zhao Xia , Ji Wei , Lu Yan , Liu Weiwei , Guo Feng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction/objectives
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a classic prototype of the multisystem autoimmune disease and follows a relapsing and remitting course. Triptolide is a diterpene triepoxide extracted from Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, with potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. Our previous work observed that triptolide alleviated lupus in MRL/lpr lupus mice with the upregulation of regulatory T cells (Treg) proportion in previous study. In this study, we explored the proportion of follicular T regulatory (Tfr), follicular T helper (Tfh) and germinal center (GC) B cells in lupus mice and evaluated the efficacy of triptolide for lupus treatment in vivo.

Methods
20 female MRL/lpr mice were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups and treated orally with vehicle or triptolide. C3H mice were all housed as controlled group and treated orally with vehicle. The percentage of Tfr cells, Tfh cells and GC B cells in spleen of mice were detected by Flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemistry after 13 weeks of treatment.

Results
We found that the percentage of Tfr cells decreased in MRL/lpr mice compared with controlled mice. The percentage of Tfh cells in MRL/lpr mice was significantly higher compared with that in controlled mice. The ratio of Tfr/Tfh is also decreased in lupus mice. After treated with triptolide in MRL/Lpr mice in vivo, the percentage of Tfr cells and ratio of Tfr/Tfh increased. The proportion of GC B cells also decreased in mice treated with triptolide by FACS and immunohistochemistry.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that the effect of triptolide in alleviating lupus is partly by reversing immune imbalance with increased percentage of Tfr cells and ratio of Tfr/Tfh. Triptolide might also has effect on immune response through inhibiting proliferating GC B cells.
Effectiveness of muscle energy technique on pain intensity and disability in chronic low back patients: a systematic review
Authors: Al Matif Saeid , Alfageer Galeb , ALNasser Nasser , Alabbas Ghanem , Al Sawidan Hamad , ALhareth Hadi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Low back pain (LBP) is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal condition and causes activity limitations resulting in reduced productivity and high medical expenditure. Muscle energy technique (MET) is a therapeutic technique that has the potential to be successful in LBP, although the evidence for this notion is still inconclusive. The effectiveness of the muscular energy technique on pain intensity and disability for individuals with chronic low back pain was evaluated in published studies through this systematic review of the literature.

Methods
Studying the English language and humans, as well as scanning article reference lists from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, Ovid, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Embase, was searched until October 30, 2022. Randomised controlled studies reporting on the effectiveness of muscle energy technique on pain intensity and disability for chronic low back patients were included. Information related to demographics, number and duration of treatment, MET protocol, assessment tools used for pain and disability, and key findings was extracted. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) classification scale was used to assess the methodological quality of studies, and two authors assessed the risk of bias and extracted the data independently.

Results
Seventeen research studies (including 817 participants) were retrieved and included for qualitative analysis. The studies published between 2011 and 2022 were retrieved, and the sample size ranged from 10 to one hundred twenty-five participants. The age of the subjects ranged between 18 and 60 years, and interventions were done between 2 days and 12 weeks. Of the included 17 studies, five were from Egypt, four were from India, two each from Iran and Nigeria, and one each from Brazil, Poland, Thailand, and Pakistan. Compared to other interventions or the control groups, MET was found to significantly, although modestly, decrease the severity of pain and reduce functional disability in patients with chronic LBP. Most of the included studies had moderate to high study quality.

Conclusion
In patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), it was observed that MET alone as well as in conjunction with other interventions was found to be beneficial in reducing pain intensity, improving lumbar spine range of motion, and decreasing the degree of functional disability.
Air quality and mental health: evidence, challenges and future directions
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep , Newbury Joanne B. , Latham Rachel M. , Ucci Marcella , Nasir Zaheer A. , Turner Briony , O'Leary Catherine , Fisher Helen L. , Marczylo Emma , Douglas Philippa , Stansfeld Stephen , Jackson Simon K. , Tyrrel Sean , Rzhetsky Andrey , Kinnersley Rob , Kumar Prashant , Duchaine Caroline , Coulon Frederic 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundPoor air quality is associated with poor health. Little attention is given to the complex array of environmental exposures and air pollutants that affect mental health during the life course.AimsWe gather interdisciplinary expertise and knowledge across the air pollution and mental health fields. We seek to propose future research priorities and how to address them.MethodThrough a rapid narrative review, we summarise the key scientific findings, knowledge gaps and methodological challenges.ResultsThere is emerging evidence of associations between poor air quality, both indoors and outdoors, and poor mental health more generally, as well as specific mental disorders. Furthermore, pre-existing long-term conditions appear to deteriorate, requiring more healthcare. Evidence of critical periods for exposure among children and adolescents highlights the need for more longitudinal data as the basis of early preventive actions and policies. Particulate matter, including bioaerosols, are implicated, but form part of a complex exposome influenced by geography, deprivation, socioeconomic conditions and biological and individual vulnerabilities. Critical knowledge gaps need to be addressed to design interventions for mitigation and prevention, reflecting ever-changing sources of air pollution. The evidence base can inform and motivate multi-sector and interdisciplinary efforts of researchers, practitioners, policy makers, industry, community groups and campaigners to take informed action.ConclusionsThere are knowledge gaps and a need for more research, for example, around bioaerosols exposure, indoor and outdoor pollution, urban design and impact on mental health over the life course.
Gene Expression and Benefit of Chemotherapy in Women With Node-Negative, Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Paik Soonmyung , Tang Gong , Shak Steven , Kim Chungyeul , Baker Joffre , Kim Wanseop , Cronin Maureen , Baehner Frederick L. , Watson Drew , Bryant John , Costantino Joseph P. , Geyer Charles E. , Wickerham D. Lawrence , Wolmark Norman 
Published: July 2023

PURPOSE The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay quantifies the likelihood of distant recurrence in women with estrogen receptor–positive, lymph node–negative breast cancer treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. The relationship between the RS and chemotherapy benefit is not known. METHODS The RS was measured in tumors from the tamoxifen-treated and tamoxifen plus chemotherapy–treated patients in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B20 trial. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to test for interaction between chemotherapy treatment and the RS. RESULTS A total of 651 patients were assessable (227 randomly assigned to tamoxifen and 424 randomly assigned to tamoxifen plus chemotherapy). The test for interaction between chemotherapy treatment and RS was statistically significant ( P = .038). Patients with high-RS (≥ 31) tumors (ie, high risk of recurrence) had a large benefit from chemotherapy (relative risk, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.53; absolute decrease in 10-year distant recurrence rate: mean, 27.6%; SE, 8.0%). Patients with low-RS (< 18) tumors derived minimal, if any, benefit from chemotherapy treatment (relative risk, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.46 to 3.78; absolute decrease in distant recurrence rate at 10 years: mean, −1.1%; SE, 2.2%). Patients with intermediate-RS tumors did not appear to have a large benefit, but the uncertainty in the estimate can not exclude a clinically important benefit. CONCLUSION The RS assay not only quantifies the likelihood of breast cancer recurrence in women with node-negative, estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer, but also predicts the magnitude of chemotherapy benefit.