bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventral hernia repair in conjunction with LIPO‐ABDOMINOPLASTY in overweight patients: A comprehensive approach
Authors: Erfan Moatasem A. , Nasser Salah , Wardany Ibrahim El , Zaazou Mohamed M.T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRepair of large midline ventral hernias still represents a challenge for general surgeons. As obesity is a key factor of this type of hernias, usually the patients are presented with abdominal wall laxity, excess skin and subcutaneous fat. Combined procedures has evolved over the last six decades to repair the hernias and to improve the shape of the abdomen, but was associated with high rate of wound complications. The components separation technique for ventral hernia repair was introduced in 1990 by Ramirez et al to avoid mesh repair was associated with a high rate of success. Until recently, the convenience of simultaneously performing ventral hernia repair and abdominal contouring surgery remains controversial. The aim of this study is to present our experience in the integration of the anterior component separation technique for repair of midline wide ventral defects, with the lipoabdominoplasty in selected patients with high body mass index, to achieve a functional abdominal wall repair and to provide a better aesthetic outcome. In this prospective case–control study, 15 adult female multiparous women, all were overweight and obese, presented with midline ventral hernias and abdominal deformity was operated upon where a comprehensive technique in the form of herniorapphy, anterior component separation technique and lipoabdominoplasty were performed. The patients were followed up for 3–6 months period to monitor incidence of complications, hernia recurrence and to assess the aesthetic outcome. All the 15 patients were overweight and obese with BMI ranged between 26.5 and 39.6 kg/m2. The mean operative time was 184 ± 28.8 minutes (range 150–240 minutes). The mean postoperative length of hospital stay was 3 days ranging from 1 to 5 days. In addition to the hernia, all the patients suffered from diastasis of recti ranged from 9 to 15 cm in the transverse dimension. No mortality or major complications encountered, no hernia recurrence, only minor complications occurred in four patients (26.8%). Two patients developed seroma which resolved by aspiration, one patient suffered wound infection with partial loss of the umbilicus and one developed superficial skin necrosis at the central area of the flaps which healed uneventfully by secondary intention. All the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome. In conclusion, this comprehensive approach is effective technique for reconstruction of large midline ventral defects and provide a good aesthetic appearance of the anterior and lateral abdomen in appropriately selected obese patients.
An integrated analysis of transport, oxidation, and creep during oxidation of interior pores in SiC
Authors: Sehr Stephen , Collier Virginia , Zok Frank , Begley Matthew R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOxidation of SiC plays a critical role in the durability of ceramic matrix composites, as large changes in molar volume generate significant stresses that can drive cracking in adjacent features. The analysis of such phenomena requires coupling between descriptions of diffusion through the oxide, growth of the oxide domain (i.e., evolution of the oxide/SiC interface), and creep relaxation in the oxide at elevated temperatures. This paper presents a two‐dimensional finite element framework that uses a single finite element mesh to predict these behaviors; large changes in the oxide geometry are simulated by tracking the oxidation front as a discrete interface and periodically re‐meshing. The numerical performance of the framework is illustrated using an analytical description of oxidation of a flat surface and subsequent stress evolution. The framework is then used to analyze internal oxidation within a cylindrical cavity for a wide range of temperatures and water vapor concentrations pertinent to gas turbines. The results are used to discuss the roles of oxide growth rate, creep, and geometry with respect to the tensile stresses that develop in the adjacent SiC, and their implications for oxidation‐driven damage at high temperatures.
Extending ageing nurses' working lives: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Nurmeksela Anu , Välimäki Tarja , Kvist Tarja , Savolainen Helmiina , Tahiraj Vanesa , Hult Marja 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAim(s)To identify, describe and assess research evidence on factors that promote working until and beyond the official retirement age among nurses.DesignA mixed‐methods systematic review.Prospero IDCRD42022303890.Data SourcesThe CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, SocINDEX and Web of Science databases were searched in December 2021.Review MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) checklist was followed. Two researchers independently applied eligibility criteria, selected studies and conducted quality appraisals. Data‐based convergent synthesis and thematic analysis were used.ResultsEighteen studies were included, most of which were survey‐based. Eleven studies were quantitative, six were qualitative and one used mixed methods. Our results reveal that willingness to continue in work increased with age. Six factors promoted working until and beyond the official retirement age among nurses: good health and work ability, the significance of work sufficient income, meaningful relationships and support in the working community, individually tailored work arrangements, and organizational support and recognition.ConclusionTo sustain experienced nurses in working life and promote their working beyond retirement age organizations urgently need to apply throughout working lives supporting age management schemes. Interventions should target supportive relations and individual and flexible arrangements at the workplace. Scarce studies investigated factors contributing to an extension of working life among nurses. Most published evidence on this topic is based primarily on nurses' subjective opinions and preferences: no intervention studies or objective evaluations of factors affecting retirement were found.ImpactThe available evidence suggests the most critical factors for extending nurses' working lives are support and individual and flexible arrangements in the workplace. There is a need to test interventions and evaluate the effectiveness of measures encouraging nurses to extend their working lives.No Patient or Public ContributionSystematic review.
Decomposing clinical practice guidelines panels' deliberation into decision theoretical constructs
Authors: Djulbegovic Benjamin , Hozo Iztok , Lizarraga David , Guyatt Gordon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesThe development of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) suffers from the lack of an explicit and transparent framework for synthesising the key elements necessary to formulate practice recommendations. We matched deliberations of the American Society of Haematology (ASH) CPG panel for the management of pulmonary embolism (PE) with the corresponding decision‐theoretical constructs to assess agreement of the panel recommendations with explicit decision modelling.MethodsFive constructs were identified of which three were used to reformulate the panel's recommendations: (1) standard, expected utility threshold (EUT) decision model; (2) acceptable regret threshold model (ARg) to determine the frequency of tolerable false negative (FN) or false positive (FP) recommendations, and (3) fast‐and‐frugal tree (FFT) decision trees to formulate the entire strategy for management of PE. We compared four management strategies: withhold testing versus d‐dimer → computerized pulmonary angiography (CTPA) (‘ASH‐Low’) versus CTPA→
d‐dimer (‘ASH‐High’) versus treat without testing.ResultsDifferent models generated different recommendations. For example, according to EUT, testing should be withheld for prior probability PE < 0.13%, a clinically untenable threshold which is up to 15 times (2/0.13) below the ASH guidelines threshold of ruling out PE (at post probability of PE ≤ 2%). Three models only agreed that the ‘ASH low’ strategy should be used for the range of pretest probabilities of PE between 0.13% and 13.27% and that the ‘ASH high’ management should be employed in a narrow range of the prior PE probabilities between 90.85% and 93.07%. For all other prior probabilities of PE, choosing one model did not ensure coherence with other models.ConclusionsCPG panels rely on various decision‐theoretical strategies to develop its recommendations. Decomposing CPG panels' deliberation can provide insights if the panels' deliberation retains a necessary coherence in developing guidelines. CPG recommendations often do not agree with the EUT decision analysis, widely used in medical decision‐making modelling.
Processing of encapsulated flaxseed oil‐rich banana‐based (Dwarf cavendish) functional fruit leather
Authors: Sarma Onkar , Kundlia Mohit , Chutia Hemanta , Mahanta Charu Lata 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBanana fruit leather enriched with flaxseed oil in the form of encapsulates was prepared. Initially, the optimized conditions of 836 W power for 4 min for blanching of banana using microwave were obtained by Response Surface Methodology with residual polyphenol oxidase activity and vitamin C retention taken as responses. The addition of maltodextrin, citric acid, and pectin for blending with banana puree to obtain a non sticky puree having low pH was also optimized, while keeping the quantity of sugar constant. The blend was added with 5% encapsulates of flaxseed oil (FSO) in alginate used as wall material. The blend was dried in a tray drier at 40, 50, and 60°C and the drying behavior of the leather was studied. Henderson and Pabis model satisfactorily described the drying kinetics of banana leather. GAB model described well the sorption behavior of the leather. Fat content in the optimized leather increased to 3.27% due to addition of FSO. The ash content in the enriched leather was 5.56 ± 0.03%. Phenolic content increased from 91.84 ± 0.06 mg GAE/100 g to 100.90 ± 0.05 mg GAE/100 g for the enriched leather as compared to the control. The study revealed that the banana leather can be considered as a functional snack food due to the availability of flaxseed oil (rich in ω‐3 fatty) and high phenolic acid content.Practical ApplicationsBanana can be processed into functional fruit leather with the addition of flaxseed oil encapsulated beads to complement the fast moving consumer goods market. Developing the banana leather by drying enhances its shelf life while encapsulation increases the stability of flaxseed oil for a prolonged storage of the product. Flaxseed oil is rich in ω‐3 fatty acid, an important bioactive compound required for good human health. Moreover, modeling of the drying behavior allows optimization of the process, which is necessary for designing of energy efficient industrial flow dryers. Therefore, this study on development of a novel functional product and drying kinetics will give a new edge to the industrial processing of similar snack products with a potential alternative to reduce the waste of banana as a raw material.
Frailty predicts referral for elder abuse evaluation in a nationwide healthcare system—Results from a case–control study
Authors: Makaroun Lena K. , Rosland Ann‐Marie , Mor Maria K. , Zhang Hongwei , Lovelace Elijah , Rosen Tony , Dichter Melissa E. , Thorpe Carolyn T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundElder abuse (EA) is common and has devastating health impacts. Frailty may increase susceptibility to and consequences of EA for older adults, making healthcare system detection more likely, but this relationship has been difficult to study. We examined the association between a recently validated frailty index and referral to social work (SW) for EA evaluation in the Veterans Administration (VA) healthcare system.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study of veterans aged ≥60 years evaluated by SW for suspected EA between 2010 and 2018 (n = 14,723) and controls receiving VA primary care services in the same 60‐day window (n = 58,369). We used VA and Medicare claims data to measure frailty (VA Frailty Index) and comorbidity burden (the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index) in the 2 years prior to the index. We used adjusted logistic regression models to examine the association of frailty or comorbidity burden with referral to SW for EA evaluation. We used Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) values to evaluate model fit and likelihood ratio (LR) tests to assess the statistical significance of including frailty and comorbidity in the same model.ResultsThe sample (n = 73,092) had a mean age 72 years; 14% were Black, and 6% were Hispanic. More cases (67%) than controls (36%) were frail. LR tests comparing the nested models were highly significant (p < 0.001), and AIC values indicated superior model fit when including both frailty and comorbidity in the same model. In a model adjusting for comorbidity and all covariates, pre‐frailty (aOR vs. robust 1.7; 95% CI 1.5–1.8) and frailty (aOR vs. robust 3.6; 95% CI 3.3–3.9) were independently associated with referral for EA evaluation.ConclusionsA claims‐based measure of frailty predicted referral to SW for EA evaluation in a national healthcare system, independent of comorbidity burden. Electronic health record measures of frailty may facilitate EA risk assessment and detection for this important but under‐recognized phenomenon.
Negative Interest Rate Policy and the Influence of Macro‐Economic News on Yields
Authors: FATUM RASMUS , HARA NAOKO , YAMAMOTO YOHEI 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider the influence of domestic and U.S. macro‐economic news surprises on daily bond yields over the January 1999 to January 2018 period for four advanced negative interest rate policy (NIRP) economies—Germany, Japan, Sweden, and Switzerland. Our results suggest that the influence of macro‐economic news surprises is for all four countries under study during the NIRP period nonexistent or noticeably weaker than during the preceding zero interest rate policy (ZIRP) period. Our results are consistent with the suggestion that NIRP is characterized by a lower bound that is no less constraining than the zero‐lower bound that characterizes ZIRP.
The possible impact of DNA‐binding chromodomain‐helicase 5 polymorphisms on male infertility: A case–control study
Authors: Moudi Bita , Asemi‐Rad Azam , Sheibak Nadia , Heidari Zahra , Mahmoudzadeh‐Sagheb Hamidreza 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundChromodomain‐helicase 5 (CHD5) is a conventional tumor‐suppressing gene in many tumors. The CHD5 gene, as a key factor in the chromatin density process during sperm maturation, can affect the risk of infertility. This study aimed to determine whether CHD5 variants contribute to the risk of male infertility.MethodsGene variants were identified using tetra primer‐ARMS‐PCR method on nonobstructive azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia in a case–control study. SPSS software 20 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data recording and statistical analysis.ResultsIn the codominant pattern, the rs12067480 TT variant versus CC significantly increased the risk of disease, and also, in the recessive pattern, TT variant versus CC + CT and T allele versus C. The rs2273032 variant was associated with the risk of infertility in codominant pattern AA versus GG and recessive pattern AA versus GG + GA and allele. We discovered that the rs12067480 T and rs2273032 A alleles increase the risk of male infertility. Also, the interaction of the CT/GA, CT/AA, TT/GA genotypes and rs12067480T/rs2273032A and rs12067480T/rs2273032G haplotypes significantly increased the risk of infertility.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the CHD5 gene polymorphisms contribute to the risk of male infertility. Our findings can be valuable in improving the diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
Empowering the youth to choose non‐traditional careers in research and academia
Authors: Castilho Rogerio M. , Castilho Matthew S. , Simmons Zoë , Squarize Cristiane H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroudThe United States is facing a dramatic shortage of clinician‐scientists within the domains of medicine and dentistry.Point of viewIn this perspective article, we stressed the problem involving the continuous shortage of specialized professionals capable of addressing complex basic sciences questions, while maintaining clinical relevance. Here we present a different perspective regarding the early engagement of young students to clinical sciences by teaming up with high schools across the United States, and to energize the debate on our current shortage of clinician‐scientists.
Improved selection strategy for multi‐objective evolutionary algorithms with application to water distribution optimization problems
Authors: Wang Peng , Zecchin Aaron C. , Maier Holger R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMulti‐objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been applied to water distribution system (WDS) optimization problems for over two decades. The selection strategy is a key component of an MOEA that determines the composition of a population, and thereby the evolutionary search process, which imitates natural selection by granting fitter individuals an increasing opportunity to reproduce. This paper proposes the convex hull contribution (CHC) selection strategy for generational MOEAs (CHCGen) as a novel selection strategy that is based on the CHC of solutions to the Pareto front in the objective space. Numerical experiments using a general MOEA framework demonstrate that the CHCGenselection strategy is able to outperform existing popular selection strategies (e.g., crowding distance, hypervolume contribution, and hybrid replacement selection). Moreover, it is illustrated that the CHCGenselection strategy is able to improve the performance of existing MOEAs such as NSGA‐II and GALAXY. The conclusions are based on the results of six bi‐objective WDS problems.
A single region of the Phytophthora infestans avirulence effector Avr3b functions in both cell death induction and plant immunity suppression
Authors: Gu Biao , Gao Wenxin , Liu Zeqi , Shao Guangda , Peng Qin , Mu Yinyu , Wang Qinhu , Zhao Hua , Miao Jianqiang , Liu Xili 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs a destructive plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans secretes diverse host‐entering RxLR effectors to facilitate infection. One critical RxLR effector, PiAvr3b, not only induces effector‐triggered immunity (ETI), which is associated with the potato resistance protein StR3b, but also suppresses pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI). To date, the molecular basis underlying such dual activities remains unknown. Based on phylogenetic analysis of global P. infestans isolates, we found two PiAvr3b isoforms that differ by three amino acids. Despite this sequence variation, the two isoforms retain the same properties in activating the StR3b‐mediated hypersensitive response (HR) and inhibiting necrosis induced by three PAMPs (PiNpp, PiINF1, and PsXeg1) and an RxLR effector (Pi10232). Using a combined mutagenesis approach, we found that the dual activities of PiAvr3b were tightly linked and determined by 88 amino acids at the C‐terminus. We further determined that either the W60 or the E134 residue of PiAvr3b was essential for triggering StR3b‐associated HR and inhibiting PiNpp‐ and Pi10232‐associated necrosis, while the S99 residue partially contributed to PTI suppression. Additionally, nuclear localization of PiAvr3b was required to stimulate HR and suppress PTI, but not to inhibit Pi10232‐associated cell death. Our study revealed that PiAvr3b suppresses the plant immune response at different subcellular locations and provides an example in which a single amino acid of an RxLR effector links ETI induction and cell death suppression.
An ecological and epidemiological single‐season survey of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia positive ticks in Victoria Falls National Park, Zimbabwe
Authors: Day C. A. , Butler R. A. , Durick H. E. , Chandler J. G. , Paulsen David J. , Mordoh S. L. , Foggin C. , Parry R. , Moyo I. , Russo L. , Kennedy M. A. , Trout Fryxell R. T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is an urgent need for continued research on the ecology of tick‐borne diseases in Africa. Our objective was to provide a preliminary description of the ecology and epidemiology of tick species, tick‐borne pathogens, and animal hosts in Zimbabwe, focusing efforts at Victoria Falls National Park, for a single season. We tested the hypothesis that tick surveillance and pathogen screening data can be used to model associations among ticks, hosts, and pathogens. We collected ticks from domesticated animals and wildlife in Zimbabwe and screened the ticks for the presence of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia bacteria. Nearly 30% of the screened ticks were PCR‐positive; 89% of tick species were PCR‐positive, and 88% of animal species carried at least one PCR‐positive tick. We sequenced a subset of amplicons that were similar to three Anaplasma species and three Ehrlichia species. The odds of a tick being PCR‐positive increased when many ticks were collected from the host or the tick was collected from a cow (domesticated animal). Tick species shared host species more often than expected. We demonstrate that ticks in northwestern Zimbabwe present a One Health problem for nearby wildlife and humans.
Selective Mortality and the Long‐Term Effects of Early‐Life Exposure to Natural Disasters
Authors: Triyana Margaret , Xia Xing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe analyze the effects of early‐life shocks in the Philippines and find that in utero exposure to severe typhoons is associated with adverse outcomes. We exploit variations in typhoon exposure and sharp increases in short‐term disaster relief efforts in the 1960s. Before the increase in disaster relief efforts, in utero exposure to severe typhoons was associated with higher mortality (a 9% reduction in cohort size); survivors exhibited similar levels of human capital as the unaffected. After the increase in disaster relief, the mortality effects were mitigated; however, survivors exhibited lower human capital in the long term. We offer suggestive evidence that the observed changes in adverse long‐term effects are due to the relief efforts' effectiveness in increasing survival probability.