bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusions and Further Questions
Authors: Ruonakoski Erika 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis concluding chapter consists of three parts: the general conclusions of the whole book, “questions to ask oneself” and a discussion of the possibilities for renewing philosophy in the current state of university politics. Furthermore, the first part includes suggestions for empirical research on the underrepresentation of women in philosophy. The purpose of the second part is to help lecturers to think through their own teaching practices and possible shortcomings from the viewpoint of inclusiveness. In the third part, I ask what kind of politics could replace the neoliberal framework that has dominated the academic world for the past few decades.
Rooting Gene Trees via Phylogenetic Networks
Authors: Tiuryn Jerzy , Rutecka Natalia , Górecki Paweł 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGene trees inferred from alignments of molecular sequences are usually unrooted. Since the root of a gene tree is often the desired property, one of the most classical problems in computational biology is gene tree rooting, where the goal is to infer the most credible rooting edge in an unrooted gene tree. One way to solve it is to apply unrooted reconciliation, where the rooting edge is postulated based on a given split of a rooted species tree. Here, we address a novel variant of the rooting problem, where the gene tree root is inferred using a given phylogenetic network of the species present in the gene tree. One can apply unrooted reconciliation to obtain the best rooting, where the unrooted gene tree is jointly reconciled with a set of splits inferred from the given network. Natural candidates are splits induced by display trees of the network. However, such an approach is computationally prohibiting due to the exponential size of the set. Therefore, we propose a broader and easier-to-control set of splits based on the structural properties of the network. Next, we derive exact mathematical formulas for the rooting problem with the algorithm that runs in square time and space. We verify the algorithm’s quality based on simulated gene trees and networks.
Technology Acceptance and Adoption in Education
Authors: Granić Andrina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe chapter provides a comprehensive and up-to-date insight into main research findings in the area of educational technology acceptance, adoption, and usage. Over the past decades, a variety of theoretical perspectives have been advanced to provide an understanding of the determinants of adoption of various technologies used to support the process of knowledge transfer and acquisition. Although some prominent theoretical approaches in educational contexts include Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), as well as Motivational Model (MM), research reveals the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the most influential model and leading scientific paradigm in investigating acceptance of educational technology by students, teachers, and other stakeholders. Aiming to increase their predictive validity, in numerous empirical studies, models have been extended with different predictive factors, like the most often validated self-efficacy, subjective norm, perceived enjoyment, perceived playfulness, anxiety, social influence, system quality, and facilitating conditions. Research revealed electronic learning (e-learning) as the most common validated mode of delivery, followed by mobile learning (m-learning), learning management system (LMS), personal learning environment (PLE), and massive open online course (MOOC), along with different supportive facilitating technologies used in education such as social media platforms, teaching assistant robots, simulators, as well as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies. To enhance explanatory power, new developments in educational technology acceptance and adoption have suggested the need of integration of TAM and UTAUT with other contributing adoption and post-adoption theories and models, together with several established approaches from other fields.
Institutional Partnerships and Collaborations in Online Learning
Authors: Porter David , Perris Kirk 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlobally, partnerships and collaborations are increasingly common in postsecondary education. The advent of networked technologies has intensified bilateral and multilateral engagements, and in the context of learning, it reveals there are a variety of partnership and collaboration “types” that can form. This chapter presents three examples of partnership and collaboration types drawn from the academic and business literature. Four case studies of partnerships and collaborations are then presented, and the aforementioned types are applied as a best fit to a given case study. The exercise illustrates how partnerships and collaborations in postsecondary education may develop and evolve, and how they can be sustained. The partnership and collaboration types offer some structure to better understand how institutions may approach and derive benefit from engagement with other institutions centered on achieving the objectives of access, quality, and innovation, espoused by proponents of online learning.
Academic Professional Development to Support Mixed Modalities
Authors: Tynan Belinda , Bossu Carina , Leitch Shona 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter will explore professional development (PD) of academic and teaching staff in the use of technologies to support learning in mixed modalities including blended and online modalities in higher education contexts. The authors will explore current practices in both face-to-face (f2f) and online/distance education contexts. A succinct annotated review of key seminal and recent texts will be provided of current trends in relation to PD of staff and the implications that arise from this research for practitioners. Two very different but relevant examples of PD will be provided to bring the discussion to life: (i) at the Open University, UK, and (ii) at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia.
Institutional Infrastructures for Open, Distance, and Digital Education
Authors: Benke Meg , Widger Laura 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInfrastructure for open, distance, and digital education (ODDE) needs to have the capability to dynamically develop to accommodate varying models for the delivery of the curriculum and the changing needs of students and institutions. The capability to dynamically develop can be instilled within the institutional infrastructure for ODDE which includes areas such as information technology (IT), emerging technologies, marketing and recruitment, student prospect lead management, registration, educational materials, libraries, and student supports. Organizationally, infrastructures to support affordability, scalability, sustainability, and support must be developed. Open questions and directions for future research on institutional infrastructure for ODDE along with implications for ODDE practice that arise from this research are included.
The Rise and Development of Digital Education
Authors: Weller Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the past 25 years, digital education has risen to prominence. It has a direct relationship with open education, which can be considered an umbrella term. In this chapter the rise of digital education is explored through five specific educational technologies. These technologies – the web, Learning Management System (LMS), blogs, social media, and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) – all raise issues of control and ease of use. They also have a direct impact on different aspects of open education, which in turn helps inform their development. This chapter sets out the multiple interpretations of open education and their overlap with digital education. By then exploring five educational technologies, common themes are extracted which highlight this intersection of digital and open education.
The Role of the Online Instructor
Authors: Dennen Vanessa P. , Jones Melissa K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOnline instructors draw upon a complex set of skills, activities, and values to meet the needs of students who are separated from them by time and/or space, but united with them through digital technologies. Berge (1995) introduced the idea that the instructor’s job could be represented through four interrelated roles: pedagogical, managerial, social, and technological. Instructors who develop expertise in all four of these dimensions are well-situated for supporting online students, who similarly must navigate these dimensions. This chapter explores each of these roles and their relationship to online learning. Two additional areas of concern for online instructors, the ethical dimension and the networked dimension, are also discussed.
Classic Theories of Distance Education
Authors: Evans Terry , Jakupec Viktor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the influence of three of distance education’s classic theorists—Otto Peters, Börje Holmberg, and Michael Moore—on its subsequent conceptualization and practice. The classic theorists’ understanding of theory and theorizing is discussed critically in the context of the articulation of each’s particular theory. This is then contextualized in terms of the history of the development of distance education and its institutions, from Pitman’s correspondence courses on shorthand, through correspondence schooling and higher education external studies, to the rise of the United Kingdom Open University in the 1960s. The latter’s subsequent powerful influence on the theory and practice of open and distance education internationally is described as stimulating a fertile context for the classic theorists’ endeavors. Finally, consideration is given to more recent scholars’ interpretations and adaptations of the classic theories of distance education. This leads to a concluding reflection on the authors’ engagement with distance education theorizing and the prospects for the future of distance education’s theorizing and practice.
Digital Credential Evolution
Authors: West Richard E. , Cheng Zui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss open recognition as a key part of the digital learning/open education revolution, and open microcredentials a method for open recognition to disrupt traditional educational practices surrounding how we recognize and certify learning. We begin with definitions of open microcredentials, badges, verifiable credentials, and similar concepts. Then, we discuss the potential of open microcredentials to impact teaching and learning at the micro-, meso-, and macrolevels. We then conclude with recommendations for practice and the suggestion of a framework to guide research.
Introduction to Global Perspectives and Internationalization in ODDE
Authors: Bedenlier Svenja 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis introductory chapter delves into global perspectives and internationalization surrounding around the field of ODDE by distinguishing and exploring the concepts of global perspectives on ODDE and the globalization and internationalization within ODDE. This introduction outlines the setup of the section, connects the individual chapters, and develops the section per content areas covered. Following this portrayal, implications for ODDE theory, practice, and research in global perspective are then drawn from the contributions in this section. In sum, the chapters call for continuous engagement of researchers and practitioners in the field to facilitate a broad and multifaceted scientific discussion on the practice of ODDE that is mindful of the entanglement of culture, voice, policy, and economics in a global view.
Shaping the Field of Open, Distance, and Digital Education
Authors: Zawacki-Richter Olaf , Jung Insung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides a brief overview of the overall structure by the Chief Editors of the Handbook of Open, Distance, and Digital Education (ODDE) published in Springer’s Major Reference Series. The handbook is organized along the lines of the 3M-Framework covering all important issues related to ODDE at the macro- (ODDE systems, theories, and methods), meso- (ODDE educational management and institutions), and micro- (teaching and learning) levels. Each level is addressed in one volume with two sections. Informed by the historical roots of ODDE, the editors and authors of this handbook are shaping the field of ODDE scholarship, theory, and practice.
Instructional Quality and Learning Design of Massive Open Online Courses
Authors: Stracke Christian M. , Burgos Daniel , Tlili Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the instructional quality and learning design of different categories of online courses and their history, with a special focus on massive open online courses (MOOCs). Online courses have a long tradition that has gained public attention, broad interest, and huge numbers of participants thanks to the introduction of free MOOCs accessible online for all interested learners worldwide. In this chapter, we first define MOOCs, their characteristics, and history. Afterward, theoretical frameworks and practical instruments and tools based on scientific research are presented. From the beginning, the quality of MOOCs (and of online courses in general) has been debated. That led to discussions about the learning design and outcomes of MOOCs, which we introduce in the next section. Key research findings and practical validated instruments for designing and evaluating MOOCs (and online courses in general) are presented. Then following, the key benefits of MOOCs and the main arguments and scenarios for their usage are summarized. Based on our analysis of the research results, practices, and standards, a framework for categories and types of (massive open) online courses is proposed, called the typologies of online courses (TOC) framework. As part of the global community for open educational resources (OER) and in combination with the UNESCO recommendation on OER, MOOCs can play a significant role in achieving the SDG4 of the United Nations: inclusive and equitable quality education for all. This is true in particular during times of public lockdowns, such as during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Case Study I: Tuning Random Forest (Ranger)
Authors: Bartz-Beielstein Thomas , Chandrasekaran Sowmya , Rehbach Frederik , Zaefferer Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis case study gives a hands-on description of Hyperparameter Tuning (HPT) methods discussed in this book. The Random Forest (RF) method and its implementation was chosen because it is the method of the first choice in many Machine Learning (ML) tasks. RF is easy to implement and robust. It can handle continuous as well as discrete input variables. This and the following two case studies follow the same HPT pipeline: after the data set is provided and pre-processed, the experimental design is set up. Next, the HPT experiments are performed. The R package is used as a “datascope” to analyze the results from the HPT runs from several perspectives: in addition to Classification and Regression Trees (CART), the analysis combines results from surface, sensitivity and parallel plots with a classical regression analysis. Severity is used to discuss the practical relevance of the results from an error-statistical point-of-view. The well proven R package is used as a uniform interface from the methods of the packages and to the ML methods. The corresponding source code is explained in a comprehensible manner.
Voices of Economic Competence: Legitimizing the Government in Federal Budget Speeches
Authors: Rajandran Kumaran 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBudget speeches are an overview of public economic initiatives and can anticipate revenues, expenditures, policies, and activities. These speeches enable a government to discursively legitimize economic competence. While legitimation can be achieved by the representation and evaluation of economic initiatives, intertextuality should also be analyzed because the use of voices helps or hinders legitimation. The chapter explores how the Barisan Nasional (BN) government legitimized its economic competence through intertextual voicing. It outlines the source and engagement of voices and operationalizes a method that involves five sequential stages. The chapter analyzes an archive of Malaysian federal budget speeches from 2010 to 2018. The analysis discloses various instances of intertextual voicing because the speeches articulate voices in economics, politics, and religion. The choice of voices is shaped by the Malaysian context. Intertextual voicing legitimizes BN through moralization and authorization. The voices can be considered as voices of economic competence because economic, political, and religious voices discursively legitimize actions and decisions for the economy. Intertextual voicing serves ideological purposes because it perpetuates government economic agency. In budget speeches, BN promotes itself as indispensable to Malaysian development, and it should consequently continue to govern the country. These speeches then become part of the genres that validate BN.
Using slacks-based model to solve inverse DEA with integer intervals for input estimation
Authors: Younesi Atefeh , Lotfi Farhad Hosseinzadeh , Arana-Jiménez Manuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with an inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) based on the non-radial slacks-based model in the presence of uncertainty employing both integer and continuous interval data. To this matter, suitable technology and formulation for the DEA are proposed using arithmetic and partial orders for interval numbers. The inverse DEA is discussed from the following question: if the output of $$DMU_o$$

D
M

U
o

increases from $$Y_o$$

Y
o

to $$\beta _o$$

β
o

, such the new DMU is given by $$(\alpha _o^*,\beta )$$

(

α
o
∗

,
β
)

belongs to the technology, and its inefficiency score is not less than t-percent, how much should the inputs of the DMU increase? A new model of inverse DEA is offered to respond to the previous question, whose interval Pareto solutions are characterized using the Pareto solution of a related multiple-objective nonlinear programming (MONLP). Necessary and sufficient conditions for input estimation are proposed when output is increased. A functional example is presented on data to illustrate the new model and methodology, with continuous and integer interval variables.
Coordination optimization of hydrogen‐based multi‐energy system with multiple storages for industrial park
Authors: Liu Kun , Xu Zhanbo , Gao Feng , Wu Jiang , Guan Xiaohong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSupply‐demand coordination optimization of hydrogen‐based multi‐energy system provides an effective way to improve the overall energy utilization efficiency and mitigate the challenges of energy and environmental crisis for industrial park. However, the uncertainties of energy supply and demand and the time coupling caused by storage system bring great challenges for energy efficiency and feasibility of strategy. To address the supply‐demand coordination problem, a scenario‐based operation optimization model of hydrogen‐based multi‐energy system is formulated. In this model, grey hydrogen, green hydrogen, and renewable energy are coordinated. Furthermore, in order to formulate the hard constraints of the gas storage, the robust constraints with adjustable robust parameters are added to make a trade‐off between feasibility and economy of operation strategy. The robust constraints are non‐linear, time‐coupled, dynamic and infinite dimensional and bring high computational complexity. Thus, the analytical solutions of the worst case are developed under the polyhedral budget constraints to transform the model into a mixed integer linear programming which can be efficiently solved. Finally, numerical test based on a real case is analysed and the results show that supply‐demand coordination can reduce the energy cost about 11.29% and energy storage system can significantly improve the flexibility of system.
Antibiotic resistance profile and molecular characterization of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) from human clinical samples in gaza strip, palestine
Authors: Tayh Ghassan , Elmanama Abdelraouf , Selmi Rachid , Slama Karim Ben 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The rates of antibiotic resistance in extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have increased significantly in recent years. This study aims at studying antibiotic resistance, virulence factors (VFs), and the phylogenetic background of ExPEC isolated from Palestinian patients. A total of 42 ExPEC isolates were collected from patients with extraintestinal infections in three Palestinian hospitals. Antimicrobial susceptibility was studied by the disk diffusion method. Resistance/virulence-gene profiles, phylogenetic groups, and integron profiles of these isolates were studied by PCR. The susceptibility to carbapenems was detected in 90.5% of the isolates. Half of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and 33.3% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. BlaTEM-1 was detected in seven isolates and blaOXA-1 was identified in one isolate. Sul, qnrA, and aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes were found in 12, 3, and 2 isolates, respectively. Class 1 integron has been identified in 10 isolates with the gene cassette arrangement dhfr17 + aadA5. The isolates were distributed between phylogroups B2 and D. The presence of VFs, antibiotic resistance genes, and class 1 integron associated with phylogenetic groups (B2 and D) among multidrug-resistant (MDR)-ExPEC recovered from urinary tract infections (UTIs) patients will complicate infection management and increase therapy failure. Routine screening of antibiotic resistance is important for appropriate and efficient empirical treatment.
Dynamics in fermentation quality, bacterial community, and metabolic profile during silage fermentation of late-harvested elephant grass
Authors: Zhao Jie , Yin Xue-Jing , Dong Zhi-Hao , Wang Si-Ran , Li Jun-Feng , Shao Tao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of delayed harvest and storage length on fermentation products, bacterial community, and metabolic shifts of elephant grass silage. The late-harvested elephant grass (LG) was naturally fermented (NLG) for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, respectively. After 60-day ensiling, NLG displayed homolactic fermentation with low pH value, butyric acid, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations, and high lactic acid concentration, and ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid. Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Pantoea dominated the bacterial community in LG, but Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Pediococcus were the advantageous genera in a 3-day and 60-day NLG. The correlation heatmap revealed that Acetobacter was positively related to acetic acid, ethanol, ammonia nitrogen, and butyric acid concentrations. There were distinct differences in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) metabolic profiles of fresh and ensiled LG. Ensiling suppressed the metabolism of amino acid, vitamins, and energy, while promoted the metabolism of carbohydrate. The LG can be well-fermented without additives, but its low crude protein content should not be ignored when applied in agricultural practice. The ensiling process remarkably affected the fermentation quality, bacterial community, and metabolic profiles of NLG.