bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of video teaching on resident competency for all‐ceramic crown tooth preparation
Authors: Khudid Abdulsalam Rashid , Ibrahim Rawa Omar , Talabani Ranjdar Mahmood , Dawood Shilan Nawzad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to analyze the impact of live video instruction using digital evaluation of residents’ performance in full ceramic crown preparation.MethodsDigital evaluation using CEREC computer‐aided design/computer‐assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) 5.1.3 software was conducted of preparation on a typodont for all‐ceramic crowns of mandibular first molars (MFMs) with a radial shoulder finish line, carried out by 30 residents. Each participant prepared two MFMs: group A prepared the right side without live video instruction, and group B prepared the left side after instruction. All prepared teeth were scanned by Dentsply Sirona chairside CAD/CAM system with Omnicom to assess the inter‐occlusal space, undercut, the finish line of the preparation, and surface texture. The data were analyzed using Pearson Chi‐square, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and paired t‐test. P‐values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant in all tests.ResultsBased on the Pearson Chi‐square test, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of inter‐occlusal space on the buccal and lingual surface of the prepared tooth, in the presence of rough surfaces before and after the preparation, and difference in the type of finish line. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test revealed a significant difference in convergence angle buccolingually and the remaining height of the prepared teeth before and after the video instruction.ConclusionsThe use of educational live video instruction can be helpful to residents in learning the principles of tooth preparation.
A survey of white spot lesion prevention and resolution in the US dental school curricula
Authors: Chauncey Robert T. , Yu Qingzhao , Armbruster Paul C. , Ballard Richard W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurpose/objectivesWhite spot lesions (WSLs) are opaque white lesions on smooth tooth surfaces as a result of demineralization. Proven methods of prevention and resolution of these lesions are available yet the incidence rate, especially in orthodontic patients, is still high. Perhaps the way dental schools are educating students on the topic is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to determine if and how predoctoral dental students are taught about the prevention and resolution of WSLs.MethodsAn electronic survey was developed and sent out to each of the 66 accredited dental schools in the United States and Puerto Rico. The survey consisted of 13 questions and inquired about whether the school includes instruction of WSLs in its predoctoral curriculum. If the school indicated instruction WSLs was in the predoctoral curriculum, further questions were asked pertaining to the content and method of the instruction. Demographic data was also gathered from each institution.ResultsTwenty‐eight of the 66 schools responded for a 42% response rate. Eighty‐two percent of schools indicated they were teaching about prevention of WSLs, while 50% indicated they were teaching about resolution, or treatment, of WSLs. The most commonly taught methods were patient education, over‐the‐counter fluoride mouthrinse, toothpaste, or gel, and high fluoride content toothpaste.ConclusionThe majority of responding dental schools are at least including some instruction of WSLs in the predoctoral curriculum. Many of the known prevention and treatment measures available, however, are not routinely taught.
Chemotherapy‐induced release of ADAM17 bearing EV as a potential resistance mechanism in ovarian cancer
Authors: Hugendieck Gerrit , Lettau Marcus , Andreas Svenja , Neumann Sabrina , Reinhardt Natalie , Arnold Philipp , Theilig Franziska , Bastian Lorenz , Rogmans Christoph , Weimer Jörg P. , Flörkemeier Inken , Wesch Daniela , Arnold Norbert , Maass Nicolai , Janssen Ottmar , Bauerschlag Dirk , Hedemann Nina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOvarian cancer (OvCa) is the gynaecological disorder with the poorest prognosis due to the fast development of chemoresistance. We sought to connect chemoresistance and cancer cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EV). The mechanisms of how chemoresistance is sustained by EV remained elusive. One potentially contributing factor is A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17)—itself being able to promote chemoresistance and inducing tumour cell proliferation and survival via the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathway by shedding several of its ligands including Amphiregulin (AREG). We now demonstrate that upon chemotherapeutic treatment, proteolytically active ADAM17 is released in association with EV from OvCa cells. In terms of function, we show that patient‐derived EV induce AREG shedding and restore chemoresistance in ADAM17‐deficient cells. Confirming that ADAM17‐containing EV transmit chemoresistance in OvCa, we propose that ADAM17 levels (also on EV) might serve as an indicator for tumour progression and the chemosensitivity status of a given patient.
Expressions of sugar transporter genes during Bombyx mori embryonic development
Authors: Gu Shi‐Hong , Lin Pei‐Ling , Chang Chia‐Hao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSugar transporters (Sts) play important roles in controlling carbohydrate transport and are responsible for mediating the movement of sugars into cells. Few studies have been conducted on expressions of Sts during insect embryonic development. In the present study, we investigated temporal expressions of St genes during the embryonic diapause process in Bombyx mori. We found that in HCl‐treated developing eggs, high gene expressions of trehalose transporter 1 (Tret1) were detected during middle and later embryonic development. St4 and St3 gene expressions gradually increased during the early stages, reached a small peak on Day 3, and large peaks were again detected on Day 7. However, in diapause eggs, expression levels of the Tret1, St4, and St3 genes all remained at low levels. Differential temporal changes in expressions of the Tret1, St4, and St3 genes found between diapause and HCl‐treated eggs were further confirmed using nondiapause eggs. Our results showed that nondiapause eggs exhibited similar changing patterns as those of HCl‐treated eggs, thus clearly indicating potential correlations between expressions of these genes and embryonic development. In addition, high gene expressions of Tret1 were also detected when dechorionated eggs were incubated in the medium. The addition of LY294002 (a specific phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase [PI3K] inhibitor) and U0126 (a mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase [ERK] kinase [MEK] inhibitor) partially inhibited Tret1 gene expression in dechorionated eggs, but did not affect either ecdysteroid‐phosphate phosphatase gene expression or ecdysteroid biosynthesis, clearly indicating that both PI3K and ERK are involved in increased gene expression of Tret1 that was independent of ecdysteroid levels. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report to demonstrate the transcriptional regulation of St genes during embryonic development, thus providing useful information for a clearer understanding of insect egg diapause mechanisms.
Lessons learned from community engagement regarding phylodynamic research with molecular HIV surveillance data
Authors: Tordoff Diana M. , Minalga Brian , Trejo Alfredo , Shook Alic , Kerani Roxanne P. , Herbeck Joshua T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe widespread implementation of molecular HIV surveillance (MHS) has resulted in an increased discussion about the ethical, human rights and public health implications of MHS. We narrate our process of pausing our research that uses data collected through MHS in response to these growing concerns and summarize the key lessons we learned through conversations with community members.MethodsThe original study aimed to describe HIV transmission patterns by age and race/ethnicity among men who have sex with men in King County, Washington, by applying probabilistic phylodynamic modelling methods to HIV‐1 pol gene sequences collected through MHS. In September 2020, we paused the publication of this research to conduct community engagement: we held two public‐facing online presentations, met with a national community coalition that included representatives of networks of people living with HIV, and invited two members of this coalition to provide feedback on our manuscript. During each of these meetings, we shared a brief presentation of our methods and findings and explicitly solicited feedback on the perceived public health benefit and potential harm of our analyses and results.ResultsSome community concerns about MHS in public health practice also apply to research using MHS data, namely those related to informed consent, inference of transmission directionality and criminalization. Other critiques were specific to our research study and included feedback about the use of phylogenetic analyses to study assortativity by race/ethnicity and the importance of considering the broader context of stigma and structural racism. We ultimately decided the potential harms of publishing our study—perpetuating racialized stigma about men who have sex with men and eroding the trust between phylogenetics researchers and communities of people living with HIV—outweighed the potential benefits.ConclusionsHIV phylogenetics research using data collected through MHS data is a powerful scientific technology with the potential to benefit and harm communities of people living with HIV. Addressing criminalization and including people living with HIV in decision‐making processes have the potential to meaningfully address community concerns and strengthen the ethical justification for using MHS data in both research and public health practice. We close with specific opportunities for action and advocacy by researchers.
International development project success: A literature review
Authors: Chasanah Nur , Gunawan Indra , Baroudi Bassam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe success of international development projects (IDPs) in addressing human development problems has been debated for years. This study aims to catalogue the various ways in which the concept of IDP success has been operationalised and suggest worthwhile dialogues between parts of the literature primarily housed in separate disciplines especially project management and development studies. The study used a PRISMA‐ScR and a thematic analysis of 30 research papers. Results showed that the measure of IDP success includes short term– and long term–oriented criteria. Furthermore, four determinants of IDP success were identified: human factors, project characteristics, management and external environment. Additionally, insights gained from the findings resulted in reciprocal learning between project management and international development.
Disambiguation of pyrope‐rich garnet inclusions in coloured sapphires from Tanzania and identification of other inclusions by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Karampelas Stefanos , Hennebois Ugo , Bersani Danilo , Delaunay Aurélien , Fritsch Emmanuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStudy of inclusions in gems from secondary deposits can give valuable clues on the geologic (and sometimes geographic) origin of these displaced materials. For the present study, seven gem quality fancy‐coloured sapphires from Songea, Tanzania, were selected with, rarely observed in these gems, garnet inclusions in order to better understand their formation. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy was used to study garnet, as well as rutile, aluminosilicate and mica inclusions. Garnet composition calculations were made using the MIRAGEM Raman spectra software, which was further improved for the purpose of this study. A couple of garnet inclusions were also analysed by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) attached to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). All garnet inclusions presented similar Raman spectra, thus similar chemical composition. Chemical analysis demonstrates that these are pyrope‐rich (>40%) garnets with over 30% of almandine and over 20% grossular without any detectable titanium, chromium and sodium. Calculations made using the updated/improved MIRAGEM software were able to indicate the same composition as compatible with the obtained chemical analyses. Muscovite and sillimanite were also identified using micro‐Raman spectroscopy. This inclusion scene is not similar to those described in fancy‐coloured gem sapphires from other localities. The exact geological formation of these gems is yet not understood but might be eclogite or upper mantle related.
Effects of static magnetic field on the surface tension of surfactant solutions
Authors: Chibowski Emil , Terpiłowski Konrad , Hołysz Lucyna , Szcześ Aleksandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe magnetic field (MF) effects resulting from water or solution treatments are still of significant interest. However, a relatively small number of papers have been published dealing with the pure surfactant solutions alone. On the other hand, surfactants are applied in many industrial processes as well as in everyday life and are also present in different waste waters. Therefore, it seemed interesting to investigate whether some effects would appear after the MF treatment of pure aqueous surfactant solutions. In the earlier published papers after MF action the changes in water evaporation rate and the surface tension were found for both the cationic dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions. The gradient MF originated from three connected ring magnets inside which the solutions were placed. The objective of this paper is to study whether using the same magnets but in a different position the effects of the MF are observed. The given surfactant solution in a closed vessel was placed in an uniform MF when the magnets were in the “lying” position. The investigated solutions on the magnet surface remained for 24 h. In this paper, despite SDS and DTAB also the cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and nonionic Triton X‐100 solutions were applied. It appeared that in the uniform MF the surface tension of cationic and anionic surfactant solutions changes. However, larger changes were observed in the gradient MF. Generally, the changes of surface tension depend on the surfactant kind and its concentration. Stronger MF influence was found for the cationic surfactant and almost no changes were observed for nonionic Triton X‐100.
Spasmodic Dysphonia Patients' Perception of Pain with Botulinum Toxin Injections
Authors: Heffernan Austin , Hu Amanda 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate spasmodic dysphonia patients' perception of pain associated with laryngeal botulinum toxin (BTX) injections and to determine factors associated with higher pain scores relative to other included patients.MethodsProspective cohort study. Adult patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia that presented to a tertiary laryngology practice for BTX injections were recruited from March to July 2022. Patients completed the visual analog scale (VAS) pre‐procedure to quantify predicted pain. Ten minutes post‐procedure they completed VAS and the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ). Factors that may affect pain were extracted from charts. Descriptive statistics, univariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted (alpha = 0.05).ResultsOne hundred and nineteen patients were included (63 ± 14 yo, 26% Male). SF‐MPQ reported mild pain (4.12 ± 4.05 out of 45) with a pain intensity of none to mild (0.70 ± 0.89 out of 5). Bilateral injections yielded significantly higher SF‐MPQ scores (5.19 ± 4.66) than unilateral injections (3.30 ± 3.30) (p = 0.012). There was a significant VAS reduction from pre 28.9 ± 24.6 mm (out of 10 mm) to post 24.5 ± 22.3 (p < 0.001). On multiple regression analyses, receiving a bilateral injection significantly (p < 0.05) contributed to a model that predicted higher pre‐VAS (p = 0.013). Bilateral injections (p < 0.05) and higher VHI‐10 (p < 0.05) contributed to a model that predicted higher total SF‐MPQ (p = 0.001) and affective SF‐MPQ (p = 0.001) scores. Not being a professional voice user (PVU) significantly (p < 0.05) contributed to a model that predicted higher post‐VAS (p = 0.008) scores.ConclusionsBTX injections were well tolerated with low pain scores. Factors associated with higher relative predicted or experienced pain included bilateral versus unilateral injection, PVU status, and higher VHI‐10.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:240–246, 2024
Attitudes of hospital patients regarding removal of processed and unprocessed red meats from menus to support sustainable healthcare targets: A single‐centre survey
Authors: Truman Melissa , Smith Laura‐Jane , Kassam Shireen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe production and consumption of red and processed meat negatively impacts individual and planetary health. The 2021 Lancet countdown on health and climate change report stated that 842,000 deaths annually are due to excess red meat consumption, whilst its production is responsible for more than 50% of food‐related greenhouse gas emissions. As part of the National Health Service's net‐zero emissions strategy, King's College Hospital has committed to transitioning to a plant‐based food environment and removing processed red meat from menus.AimsTo ascertain patients' attitudes to the removal of processed and unprocessed red meat from menusMaterial and methodsWe conducted a survey of 118 patients using in‐person interviews.ResultsMost patients did not consider serving processed red meat (74%) or unprocessed red meat (66.1%) important to them and most patients (77.9%) were neutral or supportive of removing processed red meat from menus to reduce the risk of cancer. Most patients (67%) were also supportive of removing unprocessed red meat from menus to combat climate change. The majority would choose chicken or fish in place of red meat.ConclusionThese data show that patients would support the removal of red meat from hospital menus, but more education is required to support patients to select plant‐based options.
Multi‐year time series reveals temporally synchronous diatom communities with annual frequency of recurrence in a temperate estuary
Authors: Fontaine Diana N. , Rynearson Tatiana A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiatoms are among the most abundant phytoplankton that inhabit coastal ecosystems, forming large blooms that fuel coastal food webs. Although diatoms are often large and morphologically distinct, many are small or morphologically cryptic making it difficult to understand the temporal dynamics of whole diatom communities and the environmental factors that drive them. Here, we investigated diatom diversity and its environmental correlates using 6 yr of monthly surface water samples from the Narragansett Bay Plankton Time Series to investigate the seasonal and annual variability of diatom species occurrence. High‐throughput amplicon sequencing of filtered biomass yielded 658 diatom amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), of which 347 were identified to species. Of the 49 diatom genera in the sequencing dataset, 33% had never been observed in the time series using microscopy (1959–2014). We observed a weak quadratic relationship between ASV richness and chlorophyll‐a concentrations, suggesting that richness decreases during blooms. There was a significant difference in diatom ASV richness by season and we identified distinct assemblages associated with different seasons. These assemblages were remarkably synchronous, exhibiting a sinewave‐like pattern, over 6 yr with an annual periodicity that correlated significantly with seasonal changes in temperature, light, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. The annual cycle of diatom assemblages suggests stability in a key component of the estuarine food web known to influence ecosystem resilience and function. Deviations from the annual cycle of recurrence could be used to distinguish between changes in community structure driven by annual fluctuations in the environment and those driven by climate‐change stressors.
Equivalence of definitions of solutions for some class of fractional diffusion equations
Authors: Kian Yavar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study the unique existence of weak solutions for initial boundary value problems associated with different class of fractional diffusion equations including variable order, distributed order, and multiterm fractional diffusion equations. So far, different definitions of weak solutions have been considered for these class of problems. This includes definition of solutions in a variational sense and definition of solutions from properties of their Laplace transform in time. The goal of this article is to unify these two approaches by showing the equivalence of these two definitions. Such a property allows also to show that the weak solutions under consideration combine the advantages of these two classes of solutions, which include representation of solutions by a Duhamel type of formula, suitable properties of Laplace transform of solutions, resolution of the equation in the sense of distributions, and explicit link with the initial condition.
The rational cuspidal subgroup of J0(p2M)$J_0(p^2M)$ with M squarefree
Authors: Guo Jia‐Wei , Yang Yifan , Yoo Hwajong , Yu Myungjun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor a positive integer N, let be the modular curve over and its Jacobian variety. We prove that the rational cuspidal subgroup of is equal to the rational cuspidal divisor class group of when for any prime p and any squarefree integer M. To achieve this, we show that all modular units on can be written as products of certain functions , which are constructed from generalized Dedekind eta functions. Also, we determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for such products to be modular units on under a mild assumption.
Dead in the water: Mortality messaging in water crisis communication and implications for pro‐environmental outcomes
Authors: Smith L. K. M. , Wolfe S. E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

All nature relies on water, yet climate change threatens water availability to the highest degree—from too much (e.g. extreme weather; flooding) to too little (e.g. droughts; wildfires). These water shifts threaten all life on earth.

Societies' safe and reliable water accessibility faces growing uncertainty from climate change; however, water crisis communication may inadvertently remind audiences of their mortality. According to terror management theory, these mortality reminders can hinder pro‐environmental efforts in humans and even increase intergroup biases—a significant challenge for developing environmental solutions. While climate change has been examined as a mortality reminder, water remains untested.

We presented participants with either a mortality‐laden message, an aversive but not‐life‐threatening message, or one of three threatening water‐related messages—experiencing drowning, dehydration or contaminated water consumption—to determine if the water‐related messages function similarly to the mortality message.

Some (e.g. drowning; contaminated water), but not all (e.g. dehydration), water messages increased death‐thought accessibility, which could lead to paradoxical environmental behaviours, depending on the audience. Our research findings should inform policymakers, non‐profit organizations and other water correspondents' communication strategies.

As some threatening water messages elicit similar responses to known mortality reminders, the way water crises are framed is important for water‐related decision‐making and ensuring equitable, successful pro‐environmental outcomes.

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