bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphostatics of Stress Functions
Authors: Westergaard H. M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Graphostatics is interpreted here in the broader sense, as statics in which geometry plays a part. A stress function defines stresses or forces by its values or derivatives. If a stress function associated with points of a horizontal plane is represented by elevations above this plane, a stress surface is obtained. The geometry of such surfaces has useful applications. Ordinarily, the stress functions are introduced through the differential equations of equilibrium, and thereafter one may derive the geometry of the stress surfaces. Instead, one may define the stress surfaces by some of their geometrical properties, and afterward derive the differential equations. This scheme offers advantages in economy of thought, and is used here. The following stress functions are considered: (A) Two stress functions for transverse shears in slabs. (B) Prandtl’s stress function for torsion. (C) Timoshenko’s stress function for the bending of beams. (D) The deflection of an elastic slab as stress function for the moments, shears, and reactions. (E) Airy’s function for a plane state of stresses in a slice. Discussions of the following subjects are added: (F) The analogy of slabs and slices. (G) Elastic weights for deformations of slices found as reactions in slabs. (H) Influence surfaces for moments and shears in slabs determined as Airy’s surfaces for slices.
Design and Calculation of Steam-Turbine Disk Wheels
Authors: Malkin I. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A simple procedure for calculation of steam-turbine disk wheels together with a discussion of some questions concerning their elastic resistance in various conditions is offered in the following article. New solutions of the problem of rotating disks are developed and their application in disk design is shown by practical examples. The resulting method in designing turbine disks is represented by a general scheme with a standard table.
Dynamic Balancing of Rotating Machinery in the Field
Authors: Thearle E. L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper describes a method and portable equipment for balancing rotating machinery while running under normal operating conditions. A direct and exact solution of the problem is offered, which makes it possible to balance a rotor completely by means of a definite procedure utilizing the data obtained from only three balancing runs of the machine. The system is so developed as to require a minimum of mental effort on the part of the operator.
Piston-Ring Friction in High-Speed Engines
Authors: Illmer Louis 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The author points out that the recent trend toward higher rotative speeds in automotive engines has revealed an accompanying rise in frictional losses caused by an accumulative pressure build-up in the annular pocket under the first piston ring. Reference is made to various data which can be used to determine with reasonable accuracy friction losses of a sliding piston ring. These data are treated analytically and coordinated to establish criteria for normal frictional ring drag at different rotative speeds and pocket pressures. A primary objective of the paper is to evaluate the piston-ring friction of a heavily loaded engine running at its highest speed.
Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Tube Arrangement on Convection Heat Transfer and Flow Resistance in Cross Flow of Gases Over Tube Banks
Authors: Pierson Orville L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
New measurements of the convection heat-transfer rate between gases and tube banks, with corresponding pressure drop for transverse flow have been made as part of a research program of the Babcock & Wilcox Company to determine the effect of varying the spacing of tubes of identical size. This portion of the program was conducted by the Babcock & Wilcox Company in the mechanical-engineering laboratories of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Thirty-eight arrangements of tubes were tested, differing in center-to-center spacing in the direction of flow and transversely, and these are shown in Fig. 1. The spacing, for both in-line and staggered tube rows varied from the closest practicable to three tube diameters. Each bank with two exceptions comprised ninety tubes, arranged in ten rows transverse to the air stream, each row containing nine tubes. These tubes were 0.31 in. in diameter and uniformly heated electrically throughout the 9⅛-in. length from which heat was transferred to a cool air stream. Heat input to the bank as indicated by wattmeters in the supply line was held constant at 72,000 Btu per hr while the air mass flow was varied. One exception included two tube banks in which the depth of the bank was varied from ten rows to one row with the same heat input per tube. In the other exception the heat input was reduced to 18,000 Btu per hr. Incidentally, the pressure drop was also determined for zero heat input.
Heat-transfer rates are reported in terms of the relation of the Nusselt number to the Reynolds number; and the pressure drop is reported in terms of the relation of the Fanning-equation friction factor to the Reynolds number. The Reynolds number was varied from 2000 to 40,000 to include the range of commercial practice, and in view of the small scale of the apparatus, this was accomplished by the use of air under pressure in a closed chamber.
These tests have demonstrated that both convection heat transfer and flow resistance of tube banks vary markedly with changes in tube arrangements, no simple statement of the variation being possible. It was also found that the rate of change of these characteristics with changes in the Reynolds number was regularly related to the tube arrangement. The air-boundary convection conductance was found to increase approximately as the two-thirds power of the Reynolds number. The actual exponent ranges from about 0.55 to 0.80, varying in some few cases with Reynolds numbers as well as with the tube arrangement. Friction factors were also found to vary with the Reynolds number. The relation ranges from the 0.2 power to about the −0.3 power when friction factors are expressed as exponential functions of the Reynolds number. The relation between the friction factor and the tube spacing is not the same as that for conductance of the gas boundary, and there is no consistent relation between pressure drop and heat-transfer rate.
Deflection of Helical Springs Under Transverse Loadings
Authors: Burdick W. E. , Chaplin F. S. , Sheppard W. L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an analytical approach to the problem of the transverse deflection of a helical closely coiled spring under the action of a force perpendicular to its axis and an end moment. Supporting test data are included to substantiate the formulas within established limits. Expressions for the stresses under this loading in combination with an axial force are derived for the critical points on the spring.
Constraining spacetime metrics within and outside general relativity through the Galactic Center black hole (SgrA*) shadow
Authors: Kalita Sanjeev , Bhattacharjee Pranjali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Galactic Center (GC) black hole (Sgr A*) shadow detected by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a new probe for testing spacetime metric in strong field regime. In this work, the Schwarzschild de-Sitter (SdS), Kerr (K), Kerr de-Sitter (KdS), Reissner Nordstrom with tidal charge (RN), scalaron and the PPN metric have been used to put bounds on their parameters. Based on EHT’s angular size of the Sgr A* black hole shadow, we obtain constraints for the cosmological constant, $$\lambda $$
λ
from the SdS and KdS metrics and find that the bounds on the cosmological constant are well above the cosmological bound. For the RN metric, the bounds obtained on the tidal charge q are stringent as compared to those reported for M87* shadow. In case of scalaron metric of f(R) modified gravity we have been able to narrow down the range of scalaron mass as compared to previous reports coming from the study of the pericenter shift of the compact stellar orbits. We find no significant deviation of the gravitational constant, G as expected from the modified gravity. For the PPN metric it has been found that it is not possible to constrain higher order correction in PPN metric for $$\upbeta $$
β
, $$\upgamma $$
γ
given by present measurements of stellar orbits near Sgr A*. However, for solar system bounds ($$\upbeta - \upgamma = 0$$

β
-
γ
=
0

), there appears a wide range of the third order parameter $$\upzeta $$
ζ
. Inferences for gravity on the basis of constrained parameters are presented.
Cosmological tests of the osculating Barthel–Kropina dark energy model
Authors: Bouali Amine , Chaudhary Himanshu , Hama Rattanasak , Harko Tiberiu , Sabau Sorin V. , Martín Marco San 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe further investigate the dark energy model based on the Finsler geometry inspired osculating Barthel–Kropina cosmology. The Barthel–Kropina cosmological approach is based on the introduction of a Barthel connection in an osculating Finsler geometry, with the connection having the property that it is the Levi-Civita connection of a Riemannian metric. From the generalized Friedmann equations of the Barthel–Kropina model, obtained by assuming that the background Riemannian metric is of the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker type, an effective geometric dark energy component can be generated, with the effective, geometric type pressure, satisfying a linear barotropic type equation of state. The cosmological tests, and comparisons with observational data of this dark energy model are considered in detail. To constrain the Barthel–Kropina model parameters, and the parameter of the equation of state, we use 57 Hubble data points, and the Pantheon Supernovae Type Ia data sample. The st statistical analysis is performed by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations. A detailed comparison with the standard$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM model is also performed, with the Akaike information criterion (AIC), and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) used as the two model selection tools. The statefinder diagnostics consisting of jerk and snap parameters, and theOm(z) diagnostics are also considered for the comparative study of the Barthel–Kropina and$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM cosmologies. Our results indicate that the Barthel–Kropina dark energy model gives a good description of the observational data, and thus it can be considered a viable alternative of the$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM model.
Effective action of a self-interacting scalar field on brane
Authors: Li Cheng-Chen , Cui Zheng-Quan , Sui Tao-Tao , Liu Yu-Xiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn extra dimensional theories, the four-dimensional field theory is reduced from a fundamental field theory in the bulk spacetime by integrating the extra dimensional part. In this paper we investigate the effective action of a self-interacting scalar field on a brane in the five-dimensional thick braneworld scenario. We consider two typical thick brane solutions and obtain the Pöschl–Teller and harmonic potentials of the Kaluza–Klein (KK) modes, respectively. The analytical mass spectra and wave functions along extra dimension of the KK modes are obtained. Further, the effective coupling constant between different KK particles, cross section, and decay rate for some processes of the KK particles are related to the fundamental coupling in five dimensions and the new physics energy scale. Some interesting properties of these interactions are found with these calculations. The KK particles with higher mode have longer lifetime, and they almost do not interact with ordinary matter on the brane if their mode numbers are large enough. Thus, these KK particles with higher modes might be a candidate of dark matter.
A revista na era digital: paradigmas e formatos
Authors: Gonzales Lucilene dos Santos , Santos Morian  Policeno dos 
Published: February 2023

Na cibercultura, os veículos tradicionais precisam se alterar para estarem compatíveis com a mídia digital, com técnicas de atualização contínua e promoção da interação. Para compreender como ocorreu este fenômeno na mídia revista, o objetivo deste artigo é contextualizar a migração das revistas impressas para a mídia digital e identificar as diferentes plataformas desses veículos na contemporaneidade. O percurso metodológico compreende a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa descritiva que definem e apresentam o novo ecossistema das revistas digitais, seus novos paradigmas e formatos.
Psychological factors and oral health during initial outbreak of COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sun Qiang , Ren Honglin , Bian Yueran , Xie Yesi , Shi Hui 
Published: February 2023

Objectives To investigate associations between oral health and psychological factors (i.e., depression, anxiety, and resilience) in a group of Chinese individuals who had sought an intervention online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods For this cross-sectional study, online questionnaires were created using online survey software from set items of instruments commonly used to assess depression, anxiety, and resilience combined with an oral health survey. The study was conducted from March 13 to 16, 2020. Results 568 participants (188 men and 380 women) with a mean ± SD age of 41.7 ± 10.2 years were included in the analyses. In total, 152 (27%) participants were from Beijing, 149 (26%) from Wuhan, 110 (19%) from Shenyang, and 157 (28%) from other Chinese cities. Halitosis and bleeding gums were the most common reasons for individuals to seek an intervention. Compared with other cities, participants from Wuhan showed higher anxiety and depression and worse previous oral health. Resilience mediated the relationship between depression and oral health, but not between anxiety and oral health. Conclusion We hope that the data from this study will inform clinical practitioners and demonstrate that mental health awareness and resilience training are important strategies that may mitigate the negative impact of lockdown and isolation on oral health.
Long-term open-label and real-world studies of lasmiditan, ubrogepant, and rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine attacks
Authors: Begasse de Dhaem Olivia , Takizawa Tsubasa , Dodick David W 
Published: February 2023

Background Long-term data helps assess the consistency of efficacy, tolerability, and safety of acute treatment over repeated use for different attacks. Real-world studies help assess tolerability, safety, and efficacy in patients with possibly refractory chronic migraine, more comorbidities, other diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, and polypharmacy. Methods This is a narrative review of the long-term open-label and real-world studies of lasmiditan, ubrogepant, and rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine. Both manuscripts and abstracts were reviewed. Results The efficacy and tolerability of lasmiditan, ubrogepant, and rimegepant are maintained over time. No significant cardiovascular adverse events were thought to be related to any of these medications. The rare instances of palpitations and/or tachycardia occurred within 48 hours of lasmiditan. One participant with a history of supraventricular tachycardia had sinus tachycardia thought to be related to ubrogepant which did not recur despite continued use. One case of thrombocytopenia and two cases of increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase were thought to be possibly related, but the alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase levels normalized despite continued use of ubrogepant. A case of first-degree atrioventricular block was considered possibly related to rimegepant. Acute use of rimegepant was associated with a decrease in monthly migraine days over time. The three medications were associated with improvement in function and/or productivity. Conclusion Long-term and real-world data of tolerability, safety and efficacy of lasmiditan, ubrogepant, and rimegepant is thus far consistent with prior studies, but more longitudinal data that clarifies long-term safety as well as consistency and predictors of response is needed.
Intra- and interindividual attack frequency variability of chronic cluster headache
Authors: Brandt Roemer B , Mulleners Wim , Wilbrink Leopoldine A , Brandt Paul , van Zwet Erik W , Huygen Frank JPM , Ferrari Michel D , Fronczek Rolf ,   for the ICON study group
Published: February 2023

Background The lack of knowledge about the intra- and interindividual attack frequency variability in chronic cluster headache complicates power and sample size calculations for baseline periods of trials, and consensus on their most optimal duration. Methods We analyzed the 12-week baseline of the ICON trial (occipital nerve stimulation in medically intractable chronic cluster headache) for: (i) weekly vs. instantaneous recording of attack frequency; (ii) intra-individual and seasonal variability of attack frequency; and (iii) the smallest number of weeks to obtain a reliable estimate of baseline attack frequency. Results Weekly median (14.4 [8.2–24.0]) and instantaneous (14.2 [8.0–24.5]) attack frequency recordings were similar (p = 0.20; Bland-Altman plot). Median weekly attack frequency was 15.3 (range 4.2–140) and highest during spring (p = 0.001) compared to the other seasons. Relative attack frequency variability decreased with increasing attack frequency (p = 0.010). We tabulated the weekly attack frequency estimation accuracies compared to, and the associated deviations from, the 12-week gold standard for different lengths of the observation period. Conclusion Weekly retrospective attack frequency recording is as good as instantaneous recording and more convenient. Attack frequency is highest in spring. Participants with ≥3 daily attacks show less attack frequency variability than those with <3 daily attacks. An optimal balance between 90% accuracy and feasibility is achieved at a baseline period of seven weeks. The ICON trial is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov under number NCT01151631.
Outcome of epidural blood patch for imaging-negative spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Choi So Youn , Seong Minjung , Kim Eung Yeop , Youn Michelle Sojung , Cho Soohyun , Jang Hyemin , Lee Mi Ji 
Published: February 2023

Background Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is diagnosed by an abnormal finding in brain MRI, spinal imaging, or lumbar puncture. However, the sensitivity of each test is low. We investigated whether patients with suspected spontaneous intracranial hypotension and negative imaging findings would respond to epidural blood patch. Methods We prospectively recruited patients with new-onset orthostatic headache admitted at the Samsung Medical Center from January 2017 to July 2021. In patients without abnormal imaging findings and no history of prior epidural blood patch, treatment outcome—defined as both 50% response in maximal headache intensity and improvement of orthostatic component—was collected at discharge and three months after epidural blood patch. Results We included 21 treatment-naïve patients with orthostatic headache and negative brain and spinal imaging results who received epidural blood patch. After epidural blood patch (mean 1.3 times, range 1–3), 14 (66.7%) and 19 (90.5%) patients achieved both 50% response and improvement of orthostatic component at discharge and three months post-treatment, respectively. Additionally, complete remission was reported in 11 (52.4%) patients at three-month follow-up, while most of the remaining patients had only mild headaches. Among nine (42.9%) patients who underwent lumbar puncture, none had an abnormally low opening pressure (median 13.8 cm H2O, range 9.2–21.5). Conclusion Given the high responder rates of epidural blood patch in our study, empirical epidural blood patch should be considered to treat new-onset orthostatic headache, even when brain and spinal imaging are negative. The necessity of lumbar puncture is questionable considering the high response rate of epidural blood patch and low rate of “low pressure.”
Alopecia as an emerging adverse event to CGRP monoclonal antibodies: Cases Series, evaluation of FAERS, and literature review
Authors: Ruiz Miguel , Cocores Alexandra , Tosti Antonella , Goadsby Peter J , Monteith Teshamae S 
Published: February 2023

Background Alopecia is associated with erenumab post-marketing, but no cases have been described. Methods We describe two patients that reported temporary hair loss and review the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Results The first patient experienced alopecia within three months of starting erenumab, which did not improve with ongoing use or transition to fremanezumab. The second patient reported alopecia within two weeks of starting erenumab, which continued after transition to galcanezumab; months later, there was also recurrent hair loss within one month of starting fremanzeumab. According to FAERS (last accessed 18 August 2022), alopecia was reported most with erenumab (1158), followed by galcanezumab (554), fremanezumab (175), eptinezumab (23), rimegepant (26), ubrogepant (4), and atogepant (3). Conclusion Most events were reported in women and non-serious. The potential mechanism of alopecia with drugs targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide or its receptor possibly includes disruptions in the microvascular circulation and other homeostatic mechanisms.
Association between iron deficiency anemia and chronic daily headache: A case-control study
Authors: Singh Rohit Kumar , Kaushik Rajeev Mohan , Goel Deepak , Kaushik Reshma 
Published: February 2023

Objective We aimed to determine the association between iron deficiency anemia and chronic daily headache. Methods This case-control study was conducted in a tertiary care center in Dehradun, India. One hundred patients with chronic daily headache were randomly selected for the study with an equal number of controls. Subsets of chronic daily headache were diagnosed as per the 3rd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. The study participants were assessed for iron deficiency anemia. Results The mean age of the patients was 51.1 ± 22.1 years. Male: female ratio was 1:1.08. Chronic migraine was present in 62 (62%), tension-type headache in 23 (23%), and new daily persistent headache in 15 (15%) patients. The majority (96%) of patients had chronic daily headache of mild to moderate severity. Chronic daily headache was of long duration in all patients. Sixty-four (64%) patients had anemia of which 51 (51%) patients had iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia showed a significant association with chronic daily headache (p < 0.001), but not with its type, subtype, and duration. Severe iron deficiency anemia had a significant association with the severity of chronic daily headache (p = 0.021). Serum iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation also had a significant association with chronic daily headache (p < 0.05 for each), but not with its type, subtype, duration, and severity. Logistic regression analysis showed that iron deficiency anemia, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation had an independent association with chronic daily headache (p < 0.05 for each). Conclusions Iron deficiency anemia had an independent association with chronic daily headache. Severe iron deficiency anemia was related to the severity of chronic daily headache.