bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elektrochemisches Verhalten von MeMn24‐Mischoxiden in neutralem und alkalischem Elektrolyt
Authors: Beley M. , Brenet J. , Chartier P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn Folge einer vorangegangenen Untersuchung von Mischoxyden MeMn2O4 (mit Me = Ni, Al, Co, Cu, etc. …) in normaler Schwefelsäure [1], wird das Verhalten einiger dieser Oxide in neutralem und alkalischem Elektrolyt untersucht.Die Stromstärke‐Potentialkurven erweisen ein Stabilitätsgebiet dieser Oxide in einem Potentialbereich von mehreren hundert mV. Dieses Betragen ist infolgedessen sehr verschieden mit demjenigen in sauerer Lösung. Dieser Stabilitätsbereich könnte erlauben, die Verwendung dieser Oxide als Elektroden für die Verwirklichung von Reduktions‐ oder Oxydationsreaktionen in Betracht zu ziehen.
Spider diagram with greenness evaluation metrics for assessing the new synchronous spectrofluorimetric determination of bicalutamide and resveratrol in human plasma
Authors: El‐Deen Asmaa Kamal , Radwan Aya Saad , Belal Fathalla , Magdy Galal 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA simple, selective, and eco‐friendly synchronous fluorescence approach was introduced for the first time for the concurrent estimation of the anticancer combination therapy of bicalutamide and resveratrol. The method relies on measuring the synchronous fluorescence spectra of bicalutamide and resveratrol at 269 and 320 nm, respectively, using Δλ of 60 nm with ethanol as a green diluting solvent. The procedure was optimized, and the method was then fully validated. Excellent linearity (R2 > 0.999) with very low detection limits (0.044 and 2.001 ng/ml) were obtained for both drugs, allowing for their analysis in human plasma. The green profile of the suggested approach was evaluated using the green solvents selecting tool (GSST), spider diagram for greenness index assessment, green analytical process index (GAPI), and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) metric tools. These assessment metrics confirmed that the developed approach met the maximum number of green requirements, recommending its application as a green substitute for the regular analysis of the concerned drugs in human plasma. The simplicity of sample measurement enables and substantially accelerates the analysis, resulting in lower costs, enhanced procedure accuracy, and lower environmental effect.
Identification and structural characterization of major stress degradation products of halcinonide by liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Giri Shivraj , Badgujar Devendra , Paritala Sree Teja , Sharma Nitish 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHalcinonide is a topical corticosteroid approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), known for its anti‐inflammatory and antipruritic properties. The therapeutic benefits of halcinonide have rendered it an effective treatment regimen for various dermatological conditions such as psoriasis, dermatitis, and eczema. However, stability of the drug substance is a prerequisite in determining the therapeutic efficacy and plays a crucial role during formulation development and long‐term storage. As corticosteroids are highly susceptible to degradation, the current study aims to expose halcinonide to different stress conditions and understand its stability behavior. An HPLC method was developed for the separation of halcinonide and its degradation products. Separation was accomplished in gradient mode using an Eclipse Plus C18 column (250 × 4.5 mm, 5 μm) with ammonium formate (10 mM, pH 6.5) and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. LC–Q‐TOF/MS/MS studies were conducted on halcinonide, which led to the identification of degraded products using optimized mass parameters. A potential mechanistic degradation pathway for halcinonide, along with the major identified degradation products has been established. The chromatographic method that was developed has been validated in compliance with the Q2(R1) guideline of the International Council for Harmonization. ProTox‐II was used to perform in silico toxicity studies in order to evaluate the toxicity potential of both halcinonide and the identified degradation products.
Predicting the onset of preeclampsia by longitudinal monitoring of metabolic changes throughout pregnancy with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ghazvini Saman , Uthaman Saji , Synan Lilly , Lin Eugene C. , Sarkar Soumik , Santillan Mark K. , Santillan Donna A. , Bardhan Rizia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPreeclampsia is a life‐threatening pregnancy disorder. Current clinical assays cannot predict the onset of preeclampsia until the late 2nd trimester, which often leads to poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Here we show that Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning in pregnant patient plasma enables rapid, highly sensitive maternal metabolome screening that predicts preeclampsia as early as the 1st trimester with >82% accuracy. We identified 12, 15 and 17 statistically significant metabolites in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters, respectively. Metabolic pathway analysis shows multiple pathways corresponding to amino acids, fatty acids, retinol, and sugars are enriched in the preeclamptic cohort relative to a healthy pregnancy. Leveraging Pearson's correlation analysis, we show for the first time with Raman Spectroscopy that metabolites are associated with several clinical factors, including patients' body mass index, gestational age at delivery, history of preeclampsia, and severity of preeclampsia. We also show that protein quantification alone of proinflammatory cytokines and clinically relevant angiogenic markers are inadequate in identifying at‐risk patients. Our findings demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool that may complement current clinical assays in early diagnosis and in the prognosis of the severity of preeclampsia to ultimately enable comprehensive prenatal care for all patients.
Cost‐effectiveness of preventive aspirin use and intensive downstaging polypectomy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: A microsimulation modeling study
Authors: Saito Eiko , Mutoh Michihiro , Ishikawa Hideki , Kamo Kenichi , Fukui Keisuke , Hori Megumi , Ito Yuri , Chen Yichi , Sigel Byron , Sekiguchi Masau , Hemmi Osamu , Katanoda Kota 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlthough there is increasing evidence to suggest the cost‐effectiveness of aspirin use to prevent colorectal cancer (CRC) in the general population, no study has assessed cost‐effectiveness in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), who are at high risk of developing CRC. We examined the cost‐effectiveness of preventive use of low‐dose aspirin in FAP patients who had undergone polypectomy in comparison with current treatment practice.DesignWe developed a microsimulation model that simulates a hypothetical cohort of the Japanese population with FAP for 40 years. Three scenarios were created based on three intervention strategies for comparison with no intervention, namely intensive downstaging polypectomy (IDP) of colorectal polyps at least 5.0 mm in diameter, IDP combined with low‐dose aspirin, and total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA). Cost‐effective strategies were identified using a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of USD 50,000 per QALY gained.ResultsCompared with no intervention, all strategies resulted in extended QALYs (21.01–21.43 QALYs per individual) and showed considerably reduced colorectal cancer mortality (23.35–53.62 CRC deaths per 1000 individuals). Based on the willingness‐to‐pay threshold, IDP with low‐dose aspirin was more cost‐effective than the other strategies, with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $57 compared with no preventive intervention. These findings were confirmed in both one‐way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.ConclusionThis study suggests that the strategy of low‐dose aspirin with IDP may be cost‐effective compared with IDP‐only or IPAA under the national fee schedule of Japan.
Ninety psychotherapy training programmes across the globe: Variations and commonalities in an international context
Authors: Orlinsky David E. , Messina Irene , Hartmann Armin , Willutzki Ulrike , Heinonen Erkki , Rønnestad Michael Helge , Löffler‐Stastka Henriette , Schröder Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivePsychotherapist training programmes have arguably a most impactful intervention on the field of psychotherapy, shaping the kinds of therapists their graduates become. Yet, little is known about the structural and organisational similarities and differences of these key learning environments in an international context.MethodNinety psychotherapy training programmes in 16 different countries comprised data for a study initiated by members of the SPR Interest Section on Therapist Training and Development (SPRISTAD). Training directors or senior faculty completed the Training Program Description Form (TPDF), surveying, for example, organisational setting and size, educational/occupational prerequisites, trainee funding and schedules, educational methods and graduation criteria.ResultsAmong otherwise highly diverse programmes, the most consistent finding was commitment to relationship‐based experiential learning, including direct supervision of trainees' treatment cases and case discussions with experts and peers. Criteria for selecting applicants focussed mainly on their personal qualities (empathy, self‐awareness and good mental health), supplemented by evaluations of relevant intellectual qualities (psychological‐mindedness, theoretical interest and intelligence). Training consistently focussed on individual psychotherapy as the dominant treatment modality.ConclusionAcross countries, essential commonalities among psychotherapy training programmes emerged. Findings suggest there may be common ground for developing therapist training, as knowledge increases on beneficial therapist characteristics and their formation.
Effects of growth conditions on the physicochemical, mineral, and amino acid profile of polyembryonic maize
Authors: Gontes‐Pérez Ixtaccihuatl C. , Garcia‐Ortiz Jesus D. , Espinoza‐Velázquez José , Lopez‐Badillo Claudia M. , Martínez‐Ávila Guillermo C. G. , Rodríguez‐Herrera Raul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAmong the methods to improve the quality of maize (Zea mays L.) kernels is crossing with better‐quality genotypes and agronomic management. In this study, the quality (lipids, proteins, crude fiber, carbohydrates, ashes, minerals, and amino acids) of polyembryonic (PEm) and nonpolyembryonic (NPEm) maize was evaluated in individual plants (IND) as polyembryonic (PE). Three different genotypes (AE = high polyembryony hybrid maize, NAP = normal‐height high polyembryony maize, and CAI = NPEm hybrid) were selected; in addition, maize kernels were obtained under different growth conditions of population density (HD = high density and LD = low density) and fertilization rates (LF = low fertilization [120 N, 60 P, 0 K], and HF = high fertilization [40 N, 90 P, 0 K]).FindingsThe results indicate that PEm has higher protein (10.3%) and fat (7.5%) content and lower carbohydrate content (2.0%) than CAI. The highest concentration minerals were P, S, Cl, K, Ca, and Fe in all maize genotypes. In addition, NAP of IND plants had a higher content of serine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glutamine, and alanine. On the other hand, in the experiments where the effect of population density and fertilization level was evaluated, it was observed that PEm produced with LD showed higher ash, fiber, and carbohydrate content (1.1%, 1.4%, and 2.7%, respectively) and lower fat content (6.0%). In addition, PEm produced in HD showed higher values of fat, protein, fiber, K, P, and S than the control group (CAI). Finally, PEm produced with LF showed higher proportions of fat, protein, fiber, K, and P (5.7%, 8.2%, 1.1%, 5.8 mg/100 g, and 1.6 mg/100 g, respectively) compared to the control group (CAI). In addition, fertilization was observed to influence carbohydrate content, showing an increase of up to 24% in HF and up to 10% in LF.ConclusionThe combined use of corn of polyembryonic genotypes with different agronomic managements such as stocking density (LD and HD) and fertilization rate (LF/HF) during grain production can generate significant changes in grain quality.Significance and NoveltyThe use of polyembryonic maize genotypes is an option to improve grain quality. In addition, the results of this study allowed us to observe the effect of agronomic practices such as planting population density and fertilization rate on different variables of interest for grain quality.
In‐situ Construction of CNTs Decorated Titanium Carbide on Ti Mesh Towards the Synergetic Improvement of Energy Storage Properties for Aqueous Zinc Ion Capacitors
Authors: Wang Hai , Huang Jinxia , Wang Xiaobo , Guo Zhiguang , Liu Weimin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of aqueous zinc‐ion capacitors (ZICs) is an effective approach to improve the safety and environmental friendliness of energy storage devices. In this paper, TiC/CNTs core‐shell array structures (TCT) were synthesized on titanium substrate through in‐situ simple chemical vapor deposition and carbon reduction and used as self‐supporting cathodes for aqueous ZICs. As expected, as‐prepared TCT electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical performance in aqueous electrolytes, demonstrating a high specific capacitance of 275.13 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1 and maintaining 90.5 % of its initial capacity after 10000 charge‐discharge cycles. The assembled Zn//TCT ZIC displays excellent rate capability, delivering an excellent specific capacitance of 298.2 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 193.5 F g−1 at a high current density of 10 A g−1. Zn//TCT device can provide an ultra‐high energy density of 24.8 Wh kg−1 at a power of 6984.1 W kg−1. DFT calculations further demonstrate that a large number of electrons are transferred at the TiC/CNT interface and stable TIC−C bonds can be formed. This work provides a new strategy for rationally designing transition metal carbide electrodes and constructing ZICs with high energy and power densities.
Simulating the displacement of a heavy oil by a lighter oil in an offshore production line
Authors: Favero Jovani L. , da Cunha Lage Paulo Laranjeira , da Silva Francisco Flávio , Machado Tatiane F. , Silva Luiz Fernando L. R. , Santos Fábio P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn analysis was conducted on the displacement of a heavy fluid by a miscible light fluid in the flow assurance operation of injecting diesel oil to displace heavy oil in an insulated offshore production line. A three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics model was developed and implemented in OpenFOAM®. It stimulates the production stages, no‐touch time, and oil displacement, considering heat transfer through natural convection and conjugated heat transfer through the solid layers of the pipeline. The specific test case focused on the first 180 m of an existing offshore production line. The simulations revealed two primary mechanisms of mixing: turbulence and secondary flows generated by the pipeline curves. Remarkably, the results demonstrate that by injecting a volume of lighter oil 1.3 times the pipeline volume, approximately 90%–95% of the heavy oil can be effectively removed.
Modular Synthesis of Phosphino Hydrazones and Their Use as Ligands in a Palladium‐Catalysed Cu‐Free Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Baweja Saral , Kazimir Aleksandr , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins at Leipzig University. The cover picture shows the three different bonding modes (mono‐, bi‐ and tridentate) of the modular ligand towards palladium(II) or platinum(II), illustrated with Winston who kindly served as the model. The cat has three binding sites (mouth, front paws and hind paws = P, N and pyridine) to bind the metal dichloride fragment. When all three are used in a tridentate bonding mode, one chlorido ligand is cleaved off. Cover design by Dr. Christoph Selg. More information can be found in the Research Article by Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins and co‐workers.
A new single modulating and single carrier‐based predictive current control technique for single‐phase quadruple boost multilevel inverter topology
Authors: Bhanuchandar Aratipamula , Murthy Bhagwan K. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA new floor function single carrier‐based modulated model predictive current control (F2‐SCM2PC2) technique has been proposed in this paper by considering traditional single‐phase quadruple boost switched capacitor‐based multilevel inverter (QB‐SCMLI) topology. Conventionally, the implementation process of single modulating and single carrier‐based pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques are very much complex and finite control set‐based model predictive control (FCS‐MPC) technique inherently operates with variable switching frequency (VSF) operation, which is not suitable for industrial applications. To alleviate the aforementioned issues, a new generalized closed‐loop F2‐SCM2PC2 technique has been proposed. It consists of a simple PWM implementation process and can easily be integrated with a predictive algorithm, thereby providing a constant switching frequency (CSF) of operation. The particular single modulating and single carrier‐based PWM technique with floor function is also suitable for low and high switching frequency (LSF‐HSF) operations. The validation of floor function‐based PWM technique in open‐loop and closed‐loop F2‐SCM2PC2 techniques has been effectively verified through experimentation on QB‐SCMLI topology with consideration of resistive–inductive load.
Two common, often coexisting grassland plant species differ in their evolutionary potential in response to experimental drought
Authors: Madaj Anna‐Maria , Durka Walter , Michalski Stefan G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor terrestrial plant communities, the increase in frequency and intensity of drought events is considered as one of the most severe consequences of climate change. While single‐species studies demonstrate that drought can lead to relatively rapid adaptive genetic changes, the evolutionary potential and constraints to selection need to be assessed in comparative approaches to draw more general conclusions. In a greenhouse experiment, we compare the phenotypic response and evolutionary potential of two co‐occurring grassland plant species, Bromus erectus and Trifolium pratense, in two environments differing in water availability. We quantified variation in functional traits and reproductive fitness in response to drought and compared multivariate genetic variance–covariance matrices and predicted evolutionary responses between species. Species showed different drought adaptation strategies, reflected in both their species‐specific phenotypic plasticity and predicted responses to selection indicating contrasting evolutionary potential under drought. In T. pratense we found evidence for stronger genetic constraints under drought compared to more favourable conditions, and for some traits plastic and predicted evolutionary responses to drought had opposing directions, likely limiting the potential for adaptive change. Our study contributes to a more detailed understanding of the evolutionary potential of species with different adaptive strategies in response to climate change and may help to inform future scenarios for semi‐natural grassland ecosystems.
Shedding light on trophic interactions: A field experiment on the effect of human population between latitudes on herbivory and predation patterns
Authors: Alonso‐Crespo Inés María , Hernández‐Agüero Juan Antonio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInteractions between species within an ecosystem (e.g. predation and herbivory) play a vital role in sustaining the ecosystem functionality, which includes aspects like pest control and nutrient cycling. Unfortunately, human activities are progressively disrupting these trophic relationships, thereby contributing to the ongoing biodiversity decline. Additionally, certain human activities like urbanization may further impact the intensity of these trophic interactions, which are already known to be influenced by latitudinal gradients. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of whether the impact of human population, used as a proxy for human pressure, differs between latitudes. To test it, we selected 18 study sites at two latitudes (i.e. ~53°N and ~50°N) with varying human population density (HPD). We used artificial caterpillars placed on European beech branches to assess bird predation and took standardized pictures of the leaves to estimate insect herbivory. Remote sensing techniques were used to estimate human pressure. We found that the intensity of bird predation varied in response to HPD, with opposite trends observed depending on the latitude. At our upper latitude, bird predation increased with HPD, while the opposite was observed at the lower latitude. Herbivory was not affected by urbanization and we found higher levels of herbivory in the lower compared to the higher latitude. At the lower latitude, certain species may experience a disadvantage attributed to the urban heat island effect due to their sensitivity to temperature fluctuations. Conversely, at the higher latitude, where minimum temperatures can be a limitation, certain species may benefit from milder winters. Overall, this study highlights the complex and dynamic nature of trophic relationships in the face of human‐driven changes to ecosystems. It also emphasizes the importance of considering both human pressure and latitudinal gradients when assessing the ecological consequences of future climate change scenarios, especially in urban environments.
The cycle of seagrass life: From flowers to new meadows
Authors: Kendrick Gary A. , Cambridge Marion L. , Orth Robert J. , Fraser Matthew W. , Hovey Renae K. , Statton John , Pattiaratchi Charitha B. , Sinclair Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding sexual reproduction and recruitment in seagrasses is crucial to their conservation and restoration. Flowering, seed production, seed recruitment, and seedling establishment data for the seagrass Posidonia australis was collected annually between 2013 and 2018 in meadows at six locations around Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Variable annual rates of flowering and seed production were observed among meadows between northern and southern sides of the island and among years. Meadows on the northern shore consistently flowered more intensely and produced more seeds across the years of the survey. Inter‐site variation in clonal diversity and size of clones, seed production, wind and surface currents during pollen and seed release, and the large, but variable, impact of seed predation are likely the principal drivers of successful recruitment into established meadows and in colonizing unvegetated sands. The prolific but variable annual reproductive investment increases the probability of low levels of continuous recruitment from seed in this seagrass, despite high rates of abiotic and biotic disturbance at seedling, shoot, and patch scales. This strategy also imparts a level of ecological resilience to this long‐lived and persistent species.