bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies to identify an alternative aphid host for culturing the predatory syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Authors: Udayakumar Amala , Chandramanu K. G. R. , Joshi Sunil , Shivalingaswamy Timalapur M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Aphidophagous syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae) is an effective predator of aphids that infest many agricultural and horticultural crops. Cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the natural host for culturing syrphid predator, I. scutellaris. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feeding and development of I. scutellaris on seven species of aphid hosts viz., A. craccivora, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis gossypii Glover (from cotton), Schoutedenia emblica (Patel & Kulkarni), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Aphis gossypii (from okra) and Hyperomyzus carduellinus (Theobald) and to identify an alternative aphid host to maintain the culture of I. scutellaris during the situation of non-availability/loss of the culture of A. craccivora.

Results
Aphis fabae was not accepted for feeding by the larvae of I. scutellaris. The larvae of I. scutellaris did not survive on S. emblica. The descending order of feeding potential of aphids by I. scutellaris was A. craccivora > H. carduellinus > B.brassicae > A. gossypii (from cotton) > A. gossypii (from okra) > S. emblica. The larva of I. suctellaris completed its development in combination of the aphid prey (A. craccivora + H. carduellinus). The net reproductive rates (R0) of I. scutellaris when fed on A. craccivora and H. carduellinus were 308.28 and 302.33, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of I. scutellaris was significantly higher when reared on H. carduellinus (0.155 ± 0.003) than on A. craccivora (0.143 ± 0.004).

Conclusion
The results confirmed that H. carduellinus reared on Lactuca virosa could serve as an alternate host for the mass production of I. scutellaris.
Rethinking the syndemic of tuberculosis and dysglycaemia: a Kenyan perspective on dysglycaemia as a neglected risk factor for tuberculosis
Authors: Kerama Cheryl , Horne David , Ong’ang’o Jane , Anzala Omu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The END TB 2035 goal has a long way to go in low-income and low/middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) from the perspective of a non-communicable disease (NCD) control interaction with tuberculosis (TB). The World Health Organization has identified diabetes as a determinant for, and an important yet neglected risk factor for tuberculosis. National guidelines have dictated testing time points, but these tend to be at an isolated time point rather than over a period of time. This article aims to give perspective on the syndemic interaction of tuberculosis and dysglycaemia and how the gaps in addressing the two may hamper progress towards END TB 2035.

Main text
Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) has a strong predictive association with the progression to subsequent diabetes. Therefore, screening using this measure could be a good way to screen at TB initiation therapy, in lieu of using the random blood sugar or fasting plasma glucose only. HbA1C has an observed gradient with mortality risk making it an informative predictor of outcomes. Determining the progression of dysglycaemia from diagnosis to end of treatment and shortly after may offer information on the best time point to screen and follow-up. Despite TB and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease care being free, hidden costs remain. These costs are additive if there is accompanying dysglycaemia. Regardless of receiving TB treatment, it is estimated that almost half of persons affected by pulmonary TB develop post-TB lung disease (PTLD) as an outcome and the contribution of dysglycaemia is not well described.

Conclusions
Establishing costs of treating TB with diabetes/prediabetes alone and in the additional context of HIV co-infection will inform policy makers on what it takes, financially, to treat these patients and subsidize dysglycaemia care. In Kenya, cardiovascular disease is only rivalled by infectious disease as a cause of mortality, and diabetes is a well-described risk factor for cardiac disease. In poor countries, communicable diseases are responsible for majority of the mortality burden, but societal shifts and rural–urban migration may have contributed to the observed increase of NCDs.
Cats, foxes and fire: quantitative review reveals that invasive predator activity is most likely to increase shortly after fire
Authors: Doherty Tim S. , Watchorn Darcy J. , Miritis Vivianna , Pestell Angela J. L. , Geary William L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Predators and fire shape ecosystems across the globe and these two forces can interact to impact prey populations. This issue is particularly pertinent in Australia where there is considerable scientific and public interest in the post-fire impacts of two invasive predators—the feral cat and red fox. It remains unclear, though, whether increased cat and fox activity in response to fire is a general phenomenon, or whether the responses are highly context-specific and not generalisable.

Results
We reviewed and analysed existing literature and found that a range of positive (e.g., increased activity in burnt areas), negative (decreased activity), and neutral responses have been recorded across different studies and locations. Mixed effects modelling revealed that positive responses to fire were more likely when areas were burnt more recently (shorter time since fire). The mean likelihood of increased activity by cats decreased from 41% at 0 months post-fire to 10% at 100 months post-fire, whereas the mean probability for foxes decreased from 53 to 10%. This suggests that there may be a critical time period immediately post-fire when prey are most vulnerable to elevated impacts of predators, and within which management interventions are likely to be most impactful.

Conclusions
Many of our findings can be identified as potential cases of either mechanistic or apparent context dependency (variation in recorded patterns due to observational and ecological factors). This provides a pathway for the design of future studies that will enhance our understanding of predator responses to fire, both in Australia and globally. Conservation policy and management will benefit from additional research spanning a greater range of ecosystems and fire events, along with a more comprehensive and nuanced interpretation of existing evidence.
Beyond treatment of chronic pain: a scoping review about epidural electrical spinal cord stimulation to restore sensorimotor and autonomic function after spinal cord injury
Authors: Luz Antonia , Rupp Rüdiger , Ahmadi Rezvan , Weidner Norbert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEpidural electrical epinal cord stimulation (ESCS) is an established therapeutic option in various chronic pain conditions. In the last decade, proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated that ESCS in combination with task-oriented rehabilitative interventions can partially restore motor function and neurological recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). In addition to the ESCS applications for improvement of upper and lower extremity function, ESCS has been investigated for treatment of autonomic dysfunction after SCI such as orthostatic hypotension. The aim of this overview is to present the background of ESCS, emerging concepts and its readiness to become a routine therapy in SCI beyond treatment of chronic pain conditions.
Nasal and laryngeal sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent individual: a case report
Authors: Roslle Nabihah , Noh Khairul Bariah , Ahmad Mohd Ayzam , Sachlin Ida Sadjaah , Husain Salina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus, Sporothrix schenckii infection, that usually results from the traumatic implantation of the fungus into the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis is a rare entity that usually presents in the immunosuppressed individual. They are sometimes mimicking malignancy and tuberculosis. Here, a rare case of disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis involving the larynx and nasal cavity in an immunocompetent patient is reported.

Case presentation
A 54-year-old healthy lady presented with hoarseness and globus sensation over the throat with prior history of multiple skin lesions over the face, limbs, and trunk. Examination revealed erythematous papular lesions over the face, limbs, and trunk. Nasoendoscopy showed sloughy mucosa over bilateral nasal cavities, nasopharynx, base of the tongue, arytenoids, and both vocal folds with bony hard mass at the left frontal recess opening. Overall imaging features were suggestive of generalized fungal infections. Multiple biopsies from multiple sites revealed Sporothrix schenckii infection. She had resolution of the lesion after being treated with intravenous Amphotericin B for a month, oral Voriconazole for another month then oral Itraconazole for 6 months.

Conclusion
Diagnosis of disseminated sporotrichosis can be tricky and difficult to diagnose as it can mimic other diagnoses. Education is paramount important in identifying the illness as it can be seen in immunocompetent individuals, although it is more common in the immunosuppressed individual.
Depression, anxiety and medication adherence among tuberculosis patients attending treatment centres in Fako Division, Cameroon: cross-sectional study
Authors: Anye Lionel Che , Agbortabot Bissong Marie Ebob , Njundah Anna Longdoh , Siewe Fodjo Joseph Nelson 
Published: April 2023

Background
Tuberculosis remains a public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Patients with tuberculosis often suffer from anxiety and depression, which is likely to affect adherence to the long course of tuberculosis treatment.

Aims
This study sought to investigate depression, anxiety and medication adherence among Cameroonian tuberculosis patients.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2022 across five treatment centres in Fako Division, Southwest Region, Cameroon. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews with tuberculosis patients using a structured questionnaire. Sociodemographic information was obtained, and the following tools were administered to participants: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Oslo Social Support Scale, and the Medication Adherence Rating Scale. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to investigate determinants of depression and anxiety.

Results
A total of 375 participants were recruited (mean age: 35 ± 12.2 years; 60.5% male). The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety among tuberculosis patients were 47.7% and 29.9%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, the odds of depression were significantly increased by having extrapulmonary tuberculosis, non-adherence to treatment, having no source of income, household size <5 and poor social support. Predictors for anxiety included extrapulmonary tuberculosis, defaulting tuberculosis treatment for ≥2 months, family history of mental illness, HIV/tuberculosis co-infection, being married, poor social support and non-adherence to treatment.

Conclusions
The prevalence of depression and anxiety in tuberculosis patients is relatively high, and diverse factors may be responsible. Therefore, holistic and comprehensive care for tuberculosis patients by mental health practitioners is highly encouraged, especially for the high-risk groups identified.
Trametinib in Patients With NF1-, GNAQ-, or GNA11-Mutant Tumors: Results From the NCI-MATCH ECOG-ACRIN Trial (EAY131) Subprotocols S1 and S2
Authors: Wisinski Kari B. , Flamand Yael , Wilson Melissa A. , Luke Jason J. , Tawbi Hussein A. , Hong Fangxin , Mitchell Edith P. , Zwiebel James A. , Chen Helen , Gray Robert J. , Li Shuli , McShane Lisa M. , Rubinstein Lawrence V. , Patton David , Williams P. Mickey , Hamilton Stanley R. , Behrens Robert J. , Pennington Kathryn P. , Conley Barbara A. , Arteaga Carlos L. , Harris Lyndsay N. , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Chen Alice P. , Flaherty Keith T. 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE NCI-MATCH is a precision medicine trial using genomic testing to allocate patients with advanced malignancies to targeted treatment subprotocols. This report combines two subprotocols evaluating trametinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, in patients with Neurofibromatosis 1 ( NF1[S1] or GNA11/Q [S2]) altered tumors. METHODS Eligible patients had tumors with deleterious inactivating NF1 or GNA11/Q mutations by the customized Oncomine AmpliSeq panel. Prior MEK inhibitor treatment was excluded. Glioblastomas (GBMs) were permitted, including malignancies associated with germline NF1 mutations (S1 only). Trametinib was administered at 2 mg once daily over 28-day cycles until toxicity or disease progression. Primary end point was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months, PFS, and overall survival. Exploratory analyses included co-occurring genomic alterations and PTEN loss. RESULTS Fifty patients were eligible and started therapy: 46 with NF1 mutations (S1) and four with GNA11 mutations (S2). In the NF1 cohort, nonsense single-nucleotide variants were identified in 29 and frameshift deletions in 17 tumors. All in S2 had nonuveal melanoma and GNA11 Q209L variant. Two partial responses (PR) were noted in S1, one patient each with advanced lung cancer and GBM for an ORR of 4.3% (90% CI, 0.8 to 13.1). One patient with melanoma in S2 had a PR (ORR, 25%; 90% CI, 1.3 to 75.1). Prolonged stable disease (SD) was also noted in five patients (four in S1 and one in S2) with additional rare histologies. Adverse events were as previously described with trametinib. Comutations in TP53 and PIK3CA were common. CONCLUSION Although these subprotocols did not meet the primary end point for ORR, significant responses or prolonged SD noted in some disease subtypes warrants further investigation.
I-V curve of the electron flow generated during a pyroelectric effect in lithium tantalate single crystal in vacuum conditions
Authors: Oleinik A. N. , Gilts M. E. , Karataev P. V. , Klenin A. A. , Kubankin A. S. , Shapovalov P. G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Realization of a pyroelectric effect in vacuum provides the possibility to develop a compact and relatively inexpensive electron source. In this paper we observe and analyze the I-V curve of electron flow generated during the pyroelectric effect in a lithium tantalate single crystal. The region of the monoenergetic electron flow with a slow change in the peak energy is determined. This phenomenon is accompanied by a current avalanche process. The analysis of the electron spectra and the I-V curve shows that the observed avalanche process and the stabilization of the peak energy occurs due to a sharp increase of secondary electrons in the total electron flow.
Adjuvant Stereotactic Radiosurgery With or Without Postresection Fractionated Radiation Therapy for the Management of Clival Chordomas in Adults: An International Multicenter Case Series
Authors: Bin-Alamer Othman , Pikis Stylianos , Mantziaris Georgios , Abdulbaki Arif , Mallela Arka N. , Lu Victor M. , Peker Selcuk , Samanci Yavuz , Nabeel Ahmed M. , Reda Wael A. , Tawadros Sameh R. , El-Shehaby Amr M. N. , Abdelkarim Khaled , Emad Eldin Reem M. , Sheehan Darrah , Sheehan Kimball , Liscak Roman , Chytka Tomas , Tripathi Manjul , Madan Renu , Speckter Herwin , Hernández Wenceslao , Barnett Gene H. , Hori Yusuke S. , Dabhi Nisha , Aldakhil Salman , Mathieu David , Kondziolka Douglas , Bernstein Kenneth , Wei Zhishuo , Niranjan Ajay , Kersh Charles R. , Lunsford L. Dade , Sheehan Jason P. , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Clival chordomas are challenging because of their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been proven effective with minimal adverse effects.

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the outcomes of histologically confirmed primary clival chordomas in adults who underwent SRS alone (SRS group) vs SRS after fractionated radiotherapy (FRT+SRS group).

METHODS:
We collected patient data from 10 institutions affiliated with the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation. We evaluated overall survival, tumor control, and freedom from additional treatment (FFAT).

RESULTS:
Fifty-seven (77%) patients were included in the SRS group and 17 (23%) in the FRT+SRS group. The median radiological follow-up was 48 months (IQR, 24-85) in the SRS group and 36 months (IQR, 25-41) in the FRT+SRS group. During the follow-up, 8 SRS and 2 FRT+SRS patients died (P = .80). The groups had comparable 10-year overall survival (SRS: 76% vs FRT+SRS: 80%; logrank test, P = .75) and tumor control rates (SRS: 34% vs FRT+SRS: 45%; logrank test, P = .29). The SRS group had a superior 10-year FFAT rate (40%) compared with FRT+SRS (23%; logrank test, P = .02). This finding persisted in the multivariate analysis of the Cox proportional hazards illustrating a 2.40-fold increase in the relative risk of requiring additional treatment among the FRT+SRS group (P = .04).

CONCLUSION:
Adjuvant FRT with subsequent boost SRS did not provide superior overall survival or tumor control compared with patients who underwent adjuvant SRS alone. Further studies are required to refine management guidelines among adults with clival chordomas.
A comparative study of three-dimensional cone beam computed tomographic sialography and ultrasonography in the detection of non-tumoral salivary duct diseases
Authors: Cetinkaya Volkan , Bonnet Raphael , Le Thuaut Aurélie , Corre Pierre , Mourrain-Langlois Emmanuelle , Delemazure-Chesneau Anne-Sophie , Bertin Hélios 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: To compare the overall diagnostic outcomes of 3D-CBCT sialography and ultrasonography (US) in the detection of sialolithiasis, ductal dilatation, and ductal stenosis. Methods: This retrospective monocentric study compared the two imaging modalities carried out in the same patients referred for salivary symptoms of the parotid and submandibular glands. The primary endpoint was the capacity of the imaging procedure to diagnose a lesion. The secondary objectives were the detection rates according to the type of lesion, analysis of the causes of failure, and the parameters of radiation exposure and safety (for 3D-CBCT sialography). Results: Of the 236 patients who received a 3D-CBCT sialography in our institution, 157 were ultimately included in the per-protocol analysis. 3D-CBCT sialography allowed detection of ductal lesions in 113 patients versus 86 with US. The two imaging modalities yielded congruent interpretations in 104 out of 157 subjects (66.2%). Higher sensitivity and negative predictive value were observed with 3D-CBCT sialography compared with US, irrespective of the lesions studied: 0.85 vs 0.65 and 0.70 vs 0.44, respectively. Regarding the sialolithiasis, both 3D-CBCT sialography and US allowed identification of lesions with high sensitivity and negative predictive value (0.80 vs 0.75 and 0.88 vs 0.78, respectively). Conclusions: US remains the first-line examination for exploration of the salivary lesions. 3D-CBCT sialography is an alternative in case of inconclusive US, and prior to any endoscopic procedure.
Antenatal care utilization on low birth weight children among women with high-risk births
Authors: Sari Diah Puspita , Ekoriano Mario , Pujihasvuty Resti , Kistiana Sari , Nasution Sri Lilestina , Ardiana Irma , Purwoko Edy , Devi Yuli Puspita , Muthmainnah Muthmainnah 
Published: April 2023

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in Indonesia, while LBW is a leading cause of neonatal mortality. Adequate antenatal care (ANC) utilization would help to prevent the incidence of LBW babies. This study aims to examine the association between ANC utilization and LBW children among women with high-risk birth criteria. High-risk birth criteria consisted of 4T which were too young (mother's age <20 years old), too old (mother's age >35 years old), too close (age gap between children <2 years), and too many (number of children >2 children). Methods: This study utilized calendar data from the women’s module from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), with the unit analysis only the last birth of women of childbearing age (15–49), which numbered 16,627 women. From this number, analysis was done by separating the criteria for women with high-risk birth. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the impact of ANC and socio-demographic factors on LBW among women with high-risk birth criteria. Results: This study revealed that only among women with too many children criteria (>2 children), adequate ANC utilization was significantly associated with LBW of children, even after controlling for a range of socio-demographic factors (p < 0.05). In all four women criteria, preterm birth was more likely to have LBW than those infants who were born normally (above and equal to 2500 grams) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: According to WHO, qualified ANC standards have not been fully implemented, including in the case of ANC visits of at least eight times, and it is hoped that ANC with health workers at health facilities can be increased. There is also a need for increased monitoring of pregnant women with a high risk of 4T to keep doing ANC visits to reduce LBW births.
Founder Turnover and Organizational Change
Authors: Kim J. Daniel , Kim Minjae 
Published: April 2023

Why might start-ups not change even when doing so may enhance firm performance? It seems reasonable to point to founder presence as a potential culprit given founders’ cognitive myopia and/or commitment to the status quo. However, founder presence may instead be a facilitator of change in response to environmental uncertainty because founders can uniquely coordinate resources needed for organizational change. We empirically address these two opposing views on the impact of founder presence (versus loss) on organizational change by using a comprehensive administrative data set of start-ups in the United States. Correlational analysis shows that start-ups generally become less likely to change following founder turnover. Given the potentially endogenous nature of founder turnover, we exploit premature deaths as a natural experiment that suddenly removes some founders from their start-ups while leaving others intact. We find that start-ups are less likely to change after losing a founder, especially if the founder loss happens during an economic recession. At the same time, the effect is attenuated when losing a founder with more experience in the same industry, suggesting that founder presence can also contribute to reinforcing the status quo under some conditions. Broadly, these results not only show that founders tend to facilitate change in their organizations but also identify when founders are merely subject to organizations’ bureaucratic forces that they themselves may have imprinted originally. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1668 .