bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin improves fish sperm quality by regulating glucose uptake capacity during in vitro storage
Authors: Liu Qimin , Zhu Chao , Ma Yuxuan , Wang Yang , Zheng Lijuan , Jin Tianqi , He Shuyang , Yang Fangxia , Dong Wuzi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A suitable additive for fish sperm storage in vitro is necessary for artificial reproduction. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different concentrations (100, 200, 400, and 800 µmol/L) of metformin (Met) on Schizothorax prenanti and Onychostoma macrolepis sperm under storage in vitro for 72 h. Compared with the control group, 400 µmol/L Met was more effective at improving the quality and fertilization capacity of S. prenanti sperm by increasing the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content within the sperm. Further study found that Met stabilized the ATP level by enhancing the glucose uptake in S. prenanti sperm, and this effect might be associated with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in sperm. In this study, we also found that glucose could be absorbed by the sperm of S. prenanti, which was mainly accumulated in the midpiece of S. prenanti sperm, where mitochondria were located. In addition, Compound C significantly inhibited the beneficial effects of Met on the quality and glucose uptake capacity of S. prenanti sperm by inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation. These results revealed that AMPK played an important role in vitro sperm storage, and Met maintained ATP content and increased the storage time of S. prenanti sperm in vitro for 72 h, possibly due to Met enhanced glucose uptake capacity of sperm by activating AMPK. Similarly, the beneficial effects of Met on S. prenanti sperm were also found in O. macrolepis sperm, suggesting that Met may hold great promise for the practice of storing fish in vitro.
A new subterranean species of Arisubathynella Park & Eun, 2012 (Crustacea: Bathynellacea: Parabathynellidae) from South Korea, with remarks on the phylogenetic relationships among 15 parabathynellid genera
Authors: Ji Su-Jung , Min Gi-Sik 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Parabathynellidae, Arisubathynella pocheonensis. sp. nov. from a hyporheic zone of a stream in South Korea. The new species is morphologically distinguished from its congeners by having five teeth on the incisor process in the mandible, and four teeth on the dentate lobe of male thoracopod VIII. The species description is supplemented with molecular information in the form of 18S rRNA and partial CO1 gene sequences. Additionally, the phylogenetic relationships among 15 parabathynellid genera from Europe, America, Australia, India, Thailand, Vietnam, and South Korea are inferred on the basis of 18S rRNA sequences. Members of ArisubathynellaPark & Eun, 2012, AllobathynellaMorimoto & Miura, 1957, and EobathynellaBirstein & Ljovuschkin, 1964 from South Korea belong to two separate geographical clades: Arisubathynella to the European-North American clade and the others to the East Asian clade.
PKM2 promotes proinflammatory macrophage activation in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Weng Weizhen , Zhang Yanli , Gui Lian , Chen Jingrong , Zhu Weihang , Liang Zhenguo , Wu Zhongming , Liang Yao , Xie Jiewen , Wei Qiujing , Liao Zetao , Gu Jieruo , Pan Yunfeng , Jiang Yutong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in ankylosing spondylitis by promoting autoimmune tissue inflammation through various effector functions. The inflammatory potential of macrophages is highly influenced by their metabolic environment. Here, we demonstrate that glycolysis is linked to the proinflammatory activation of human blood monocyte-derived macrophages in ankylosing spondylitis. Specifically, ankylosing spondylitis macrophages produced excessive inflammation, including TNFα, IL1β, and IL23, and displayed an overactive status by exhibiting stronger costimulatory signals, such as CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR. Moreover, we found that patient-derived monocyte-derived M1-type macrophages (M1 macrophages) exhibited intensified glycolysis, as evidenced by a higher extracellular acidification rate. Upregulation of PKM2 and GLUT1 was observed in ankylosing spondylitis–derived monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, especially in M1 macrophages, indicating glucose metabolic alteration in ankylosing spondylitis macrophages. To investigate the impact of glycolysis on macrophage inflammatory ability, we treated ankylosing spondylitis M1 macrophages with 2 inhibitors: 2-deoxy-D-glucose, a glycolysis inhibitor, and shikonin, a PKM2 inhibitor. Both inhibitors reduced proinflammatory function and reversed the overactive status of ankylosing spondylitis macrophages, suggesting their potential utility in treating the disease. These data place PKM2 at the crosstalk between glucose metabolic changes and the activation of inflammatory macrophages in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Prevention of Disease and the Absent Body: A Phenomenological Approach to Periodontitis
Authors: Rakhra Dylan , Grīnfelde Māra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA large part of the contemporary phenomenology of medicine has been devoted to accounts of health and illness, arguing that they contribute to the improvement of health care. Less focus has been paid to the issue of prevention of disease and the associated difficulty of adhering to health-promoting behaviours, which is arguably of equal importance. This article offers a phenomenological account of this disease prevention, focusing on how we—as embodied beings—engage with health-promoting behaviours. It specifically considers how we engage with oral hygiene regimens to prevent periodontitis and why we are not good at it. The article suggests that poor adherence to health-promoting behaviours can be explained with reference to the concept of the absent body, because prevention of disease is generally concerned with pre-symptomatic illness experience. The final section contains a discussion of some strategies for the improvement of disease prevention based on this viewpoint.
Determining the Projected Crystal Structure from Four-dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy via the Scattering Matrix
Authors: Sadri Alireza , Findlay Scott D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present a gradient-descent-based approach to determining the projected electrostatic potential from four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy measurements of a periodic, crystalline material even when dynamical scattering occurs. The method solves for the scattering matrix as an intermediate step, but overcomes the so-called truncation problem that limited previous scattering-matrix-based projected structure determination methods. Gradient descent is made efficient by using analytic expressions for the gradients. Through simulated case studies, we show that iteratively improving the scattering matrix determination can significantly improve the accuracy of the projected structure determination.
Increasing Maternity Leave and Decreasing Attrition Rates of U.S. Active Duty Women in the Prenatal and Immediate Postpartum Period
Authors: Herrick Minette S R , Chai Weiwen 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The USA currently does not have a national parental leave policy. In 2016, the Secretary of Defense increased the allotted maternity leave for active duty U.S. military members from 6 to 12 weeks. The purpose of this study was to understand the potential impact of this change on attrition rates of active duty women in the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marines from their initial prenatal visit through the first year postpartum.

Methods
All active duty women who had a confirmed pregnancy in the electronic health record from 2011 to 2019 were included for consideration in the study. A total of 67,281 women met the inclusion criteria. These women were followed from their initial documented prenatal visit for 21 months (9 months gestation and 12 months postpartum) for removal from the Defense Eligibility and Enrollment Reporting System signaling attrition from service presumably related to pregnancy or childbirth. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between maternity leave policy and attrition adjusting for covariates.

Results
Overall, women who were allotted 6 weeks of maternity leave were associated with higher attrition relative to women provided 12 weeks of maternity leave (odds ratio = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.31-1.42; P &lt; .0001), representing a 22% decrease in attrition rates of women given 12 weeks vs. 6 weeks of leave. This impact of attrition rate was the greatest among members who were of lower rank (6 weeks vs. 12 weeks of leave: junior enlisted (E1-E3), 29.2% vs. 22.0%, P &lt; .0001 and non-commissioned officer (E4-E6), 24.3% vs. 19.4%, P &lt; .0001) and who served in the Army (28.0% vs. 21.2%, P &lt; .0001) and Navy (20.0% and 14.9%, P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
Family-friendly health policy appears to have the intended outcome of retaining talent in the military workforce. The impact of health policy on this population can provide a glimpse into the influence of similar policies should they be implemented nationwide.
Police Unions, Race, and Trust in the Police
Authors: DiSalvo Daniel , Nagler Matthew G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
It has long been recognized that trust critically influences the effective functioning of political institutions, yet the determinants of trust in the police—a classic order institution—are still not well understood. We examine the effect of police unionization on trust in the police and, in particular, in mediating the adverse impacts of police killings of civilians on trust within the U.S. multiracial context. We analyze trust responses and corresponding demographic data on approximately 5,000 respondents across eleven metropolitan statistical areas from the 2006 Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey, matched to relevant city- and state-level correlates from three additional data sets. Our results confirm prior studies’ findings of a large gap between Black and non-Black trust. Although police killings of civilians normally reduce trust among non-Black people while leaving Black levels of trust unaffected, we find that in jurisdictions where police bargain collectively the drop in non-Black trust is effectively eliminated, suggesting that police unionization essentially abets the polarization of trust in the police between Black people and non-Black people.
Promotion effect of FGF23 on osteopenia in congenital scoliosis through FGFr3/TNAP/OPN pathway
Authors: Zhang Hongqi , Xiang Gang , Li Jiong , He Sihan , Wang Yunjia , Deng Ang , Wang Yuxiang , Guo Chaofeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a complex spinal malformation of unknown etiology with abnormal bone metabolism. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), secreted by osteoblasts and osteocytes, can inhibit bone formation and mineralization. This research aims to investigate the relationship between CS and FGF23.

Methods:
We collected peripheral blood from two pairs of identical twins for methylation sequencing of the target region. FGF23 mRNA levels in the peripheral blood of CS patients and age-matched controls were measured. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of FGF23. The expression levels of FGF23 and its downstream factors fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFr3)/tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP)/osteopontin (OPN) in primary osteoblasts from CS patients (CS-Ob) and controls (CT-Ob) were detected. In addition, the osteogenic abilities of FGF23-knockdown or FGF23-overexpressing Ob were examined.

Results:
DNA methylation of the FGF23 gene in CS patients was decreased compared to that of their identical twins, accompanied by increased mRNA levels. CS patients had increased peripheral blood FGF23 mRNA levels and decreased computed tomography (CT) values compared with controls. The FGF23 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with the CT value of the spine, and ROCs of FGF23 mRNA levels showed high sensitivity and specificity for CS. Additionally, significantly increased levels of FGF23, FGFr3, OPN, impaired osteogenic mineralization and lower TNAP levels were observed in CS-Ob. Moreover, FGF23 overexpression in CT-Ob increased FGFr3 and OPN levels and decreased TNAP levels, while FGF23 knockdown induced downregulation of FGFr3 and OPN but upregulation of TNAP in CS-Ob. Mineralization of CS-Ob was rescued after FGF23 knockdown.

Conclusions:
Our results suggested increased peripheral blood FGF23 levels, decreased bone mineral density in CS patients, and a good predictive ability of CS by peripheral blood FGF23 levels. FGF23 may contribute to osteopenia in CS patients through FGFr3/TNAP/OPN pathway.
Impact of low-dose computed tomography screening on lung cancer incidence and outcomes
Authors: Vachani Anil , Caruso Christopher 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of reviewTo review findings from clinical trials of lung cancer screening (LCS), assess contemporary issues with implementation in clinical practice, and review emerging strategies to increase the uptake and efficiency of LCS.Recent findingsIn 2013, the USPSTF recommended annual screening for individuals aged 55–80 years and currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years based on reduced mortality from lung cancer with annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in the National Lung Screening Trial. Subsequent trials have demonstrated similar mortality outcomes in individuals with lower pack-year smoking histories. These findings, coupled with evidence for disparities in screening eligibility by race, resulted in updated guidelines by USPSTF to broaden eligibility criteria for screening. Despite this body of evidence, implementation in the United States has been suboptimal with fewer than 20% of eligible individuals receiving a screen. Barriers to efficient implementation are multifactorial and include patient, clinician, and system-level factors.SummaryMultiple randomized trials have established that annual LCS reduces mortality from lung cancer; however, several areas of uncertainty exist on the effectiveness of annual LDCT. Ongoing research is examining approaches to improve the uptake and efficiency of LCS, such as the use of risk-prediction models and biomarkers for identification of high-risk individuals.
Incidence and risk factors for postoperative sore throat after general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation: prospective cohort study
Authors: Bekele Zenebe , Melese Zewde 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common, unpleasant, and upsetting complication of tracheal intubation that increases postoperative morbidity and causes patient dissatisfaction after general anaesthesia.

Objective:
To determine the prevalence and risk factors of POST following endotracheal intubation under general anaesthesia.

Materials and methods:
From 20 April to 20 May 2021, a multicenter prospective cohort study design and systematic random sampling were used to select study participants from patients over the age of 18 who underwent anaesthesia-assisted surgery with endotracheal intubation. A structured questionnaire was developed after reading some of the relevant literature. SPSS version 20 was used to enter and analyze the data, and binary logistic regression was used to select a variable for multivariable logistic regression. To identify statistically significant factors, a P value of 0.05 for the association between the independent and dependent variables was used in multivariable analysis.

Results:
Sore throat occurred in 94 (61.8%) of the 152 patients who had undergone surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The size of the endotracheal intubation was found to have a p value of 0.04, (adjusted odds ratio 0.04, 95% CI 0.002–0.79), and the duration of the anaesthesia was found to have a p value of 0.003, (adjusted odds ratio 4.5, 95% CI 1.66–12.18). The POST was associated with a large endotracheal tube, patient age, and an extended period of anaesthesia in this study, with a prevalence of 94 (61.8%) cases.

Conclusion and recommendation:
In this study, the incidence of POST was high 94 (61.8%), large size endotracheal tube, patient age, and duration of anaesthesia were associated factors for POST. Awareness creation through training based on research findings should be made about the problem for all health professionals who were involved in postoperative patient care.
Understanding Moral Injury in Frontline Health Care Professionals 2 Years After the Onset of COVID-19
Authors: Sharma Maya Elizabeth , Cousins Rosanna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, health care professionals have worked in morally challenging situations. The aim of this research was to investigate the predictors of moral injury in United Kingdom frontline health care professionals working in a variety of roles 2 years after the onset of the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted January 25–February 28, 2022. A total of 235 participants answered sociodemographic, employment, health, COVID-19–related questions, and the 10-item Moral Injury Symptom Scale–Healthcare Professional version. Nearly three quarters had experienced moral injury. Twelve significant predictors of moral injury were entered into a backward elimination binominal logistic regression. The final model included five independent predictors that explained 25.4% variance in moral injury (χ2 [5, N = 235] = 45.7, p < 0.001). Odds of moral injury were significantly raised in young health care professionals (<31 years), smokers, and those reporting low workplace confidence, not feeling appreciated, and feeling burned out. The findings support interventions to relieve moral injury in frontline health care professionals.
Abdominoplasty and Lower Body Lift Surgery Improves the Quality of Life after Massive Weight Loss: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Berkane Yanis , Saget François , Lupon Elise , Mocquard Camille , Pluvy Isabelle , Watier Eric , Lellouch Alexandre G. , Duisit Jérôme , Chaput Benoit , Bertheuil Nicolas 
Published: May 2023

Background:
This study was conducted to assess the impact of abdominoplasty and lower body lift surgery following massive weight loss on both the general quality of life and the sexual life of patients.

Methods:
The authors performed a multicenter prospective study on the quality of life after massive weight loss using three scoring questionnaires: The Short-Form 36 questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire, and the Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire. Seventy-two patients who underwent lower body lift and 57 patients who underwent abdominoplasty in three centers with preoperative and postoperative evaluation were included.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 43.2 ± 13.2 years. All categories of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 Health Status Survey questionnaire were statistically significant at 6 months, and all categories except health change were significantly improved at 12 months postoperatively. Overall, the Moorehead-Ardelt questionnaire showed a higher quality of life in general (1.78 ± 0.92 and 1.64 ± 1.03 at 6 and 12 months, respectively) and in all domains (ie, self-esteem, physical activity, social relationships, work performance, and sexual activity). Interestingly, global sexual activity improved at 6 months but not at 12 months. Some domains of sexual life improved at 6 months (ie, desire, arousal, lubrication, satisfaction), but only desire remained improved at 12 months.

Conclusions:
Abdominoplasty and lower body lift improve the quality of life of patients after massive weight loss and the sexual quality of life. This should be an additional valid reason for promoting reconstructive surgery for massive weight loss patients.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Health-related Quality of Life and Fatigue in Liver Transplant Recipients Receiving Tacrolimus Versus Sirolimus-based Immunosuppression: Results From a Randomized Trial
Authors: Mulder Midas B. , Busschbach Jan van , van Hoek Bart , van den Berg Aad P. , Polak Wojtek G. , Alwayn Ian P.J. , de Winter Brenda de C.M. , Verhey-Hart Elke , Erler Nicole S. , den Hoed Caroline M. , Metselaar Herold J. 
Published: May 2023

Background.
The impact of different immunosuppression regimes on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the severity of fatigue in liver transplant recipients is largely unknown. We investigated the impact of a sirolimus-based regimen compared with a tacrolimus (TAC)-based regimen on the HRQoL and the severity of fatigue.

Methods.
In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial, 196 patients were randomized 90 d after transplantation to (1) once daily normal-dose TAC or (2) once daily combination therapy of low-dose sirolimus and TAC. HRQoL was measured with the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, the EQ–visual analog scale, and the severity of fatigue questionnaire Fatigue Severity Score (FSS). The EQ-5D-5L scores were translated to societal values. We examined the HRQoL and the FSS over the course of the study by fitting generalized mixed-effect models.

Results.
Baseline questionnaires were available for 87.7% (172/196) of the patients. Overall, patients reported the least problems in the states of self-care and anxiety/depression and the most problems in the states of usual activities and pain/discomfort. No significant differences in HrQol and FSS were seen between the 2 groups. During follow-up, the societal values of the EQ-5D-5L health states and the patient’s self-rated EQ–visual analog scale score were a little lower than those of the general Dutch population in both study arms.

Conclusions.
The HRQoL and FSS were comparable in the 36 mo after liver transplantation in both study groups. The HRQoL of all transplanted patients approximated that of the general Dutch population, suggesting little to no residual symptoms in the long term after transplantation.
A Bayesian System to Track Outbreaks of Influenza-Like Illnesses Including Novel Diseases
Authors: Aronis John M. , Ye Ye , Espino Jessi , Hochheiser Harry , Michaels Marian G. , Cooper Gregory F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt would be highly desirable to have a tool that detects the outbreak of a new influenza-like illness, such as COVID-19, accurately and early. This paper describes theILI Trackeralgorithm that first models the daily occurrence of a set of known influenza-like illnesses in a hospital emergency department using findings extracted from patient-care reports using natural language processing. We include results based on modeling the diseases influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and parainfluenza for five emergency departments in Allegheny County Pennsylvania from June 1, 2010 through May 31, 2015. We then show how the algorithm can be extended to detect the presence of an unmodeled disease which may represent a novel disease outbreak. We also include results for detecting an outbreak of an unmodeled disease during the mentioned time period, which in retrospect was very likely an outbreak of Enterovirus D68.