bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coherent Raman scattering microscopy of lipid droplets in cells and tissues
Authors: Zhang Chi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLipid droplets (LDs) play a key role as the hub for lipid metabolism to maintain cellular metabolic homeostasis. Understanding the functions and changes of LDs in different pathological conditions is crucial for identifying new markers for diagnosis and discovering new targets for treatment. In recent years, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy has been popularized for the imaging and quantification of LDs in live cells. Compared with spontaneous Raman scattering microscopy, CRS microscopy offers a much higher imaging speed while maintaining similar chemical information. Due to the high lipid density, LDs usually have strong CRS signals and therefore are the most widely studied organelle in the CRS field. In this review, we discuss recent achievements using CRS to study the quantity, distribution, composition, and dynamics of LDs in various systems.
Raman spectroscopic study of the transformation of nitrogen‐bearing K‐cymrite during heating experiments: Origin of kokchetavite in high‐pressure metamorphic rocks
Authors: Korsakov Andrey V. , Romanenko Alexandr V. , Sokol Alexander G. , Musiyachenko Kira A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNitrogen‐bearing K‐cymrite was synthesized in experiments at high pressures but so far has not been found/identified as inclusions in minerals subducted and subsequently exhumed from mantle depths. K‐cymrite is a potential carrier of nitrogen; it can store and transport up to 4 wt% of nitrogen in the deep mantle, thus contributing to the global nitrogen cycle. The stability of nitrogen‐bearing K‐cymrite synthesized at pressure of 6.3 GPa, upon exhumation to the Earth's surface, remains unknown. Here, we report an in situ Raman spectroscopic study of nitrogen‐bearing K‐cymrite, using Linkam heating and freezing microscope stage (THMS600). The transition induced in this experiment corresponds to the retrograde PT‐path of deeply subducted rocks. Our results demonstrate that (i) nitrogen‐bearing K‐cymrite structure is more stable upon heating than pure H2O bearing specimens (KAlSi3O8·H2O), (ii) phase transformation (e.g., H2O, N2, and NH3 release) starts at 550°C leading to the formation of kokchetavite (an anhydrous hexagonal polymorph of KAlSi3O8) frequently observed in high‐pressure metamorphic rocks, and (iii) Raman spectra of kokchetavite obtained from different precursors (e.g., nitrogen‐bearing and H2O‐bearing K‐cymrite) are identical. Thus, nitrogen‐bearing K‐cymrite can be considered a potential host phase for nitrogen in subduction‐related environments, and it can be preserved as inclusions in refractory minerals during the exhumation of deeply subducted rocks.
Comparative performance of equations to estimate low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease incidence: The ATTICA study (2002–2022)
Authors: Nomikos Tzortzis , Georgoulis Michael , Chrysohoou Christina , Damigou Evangelia , Barkas Fotios , Skoumas Ioannis , Liberopoulos Evangelos , Pitsavos Christos , Tsioufis Costas , Sfikakis Petros P. , Tselepis Alexandros , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccurate estimation of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) is important for monitoring cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and guiding lipid‐lowering therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of discordance of LDL‐C levels calculated by different equations and its effect on CVD incidence. The study sample consisted of 2354 CVD‐free individuals (49% males, mean age 45 ± 14 years); 1600 were re‐evaluated at 10 years and 1570 at 20 years. LDL‐C was estimated using the Friedewald, Martin/Hopkins, and Sampson equations. Participants were categorized as discordant if estimated LDL‐C was below the CVD‐risk specific cut‐off for one equation and equal/above for its comparator. The Friedewald and Martin/Hopkins equations presented a similar performance in estimating LDL‐C; however, both yielded lower values compared to the Sampson. In all pairwise comparisons, differences were more pronounced at lower LDL‐C levels, while the Friedewald equation significantly underestimated LDL‐C in hypertriglyceridemic participants. Discordance was evident in 11% of the study population, and more specifically 6%, 22%, and 20% for Friedewald versus Martin/Hopkins, Friedewald versus Sampson and Martin/Hopkins versus Sampson equations, respectively. Among discordant participants, median (1st, 3rd quartile) difference in LDL‐C was −4.35 (−10.1, 1.95), −10.6 (−12.3, −9.53) and −11.3 (−11.9, −10.6) mg/dL for Friedewald versus Martin/Hopkins, Friedewald versus Sampson and Martin/Hopkins versus Sampson equations, respectively. The 10‐ and 20‐year CVD survival model that included LDL‐C values of the Martin‐Hopkins equation outperformed the predictive ability of those based on the Friedewald or Sampson equations. Significant differences in estimated LDL‐C exist among equations, which may result in LDL‐C underestimation and undertreatment.
All‐Inorganic Glass Scintillators: Scintillation Mechanism, Materials, and Applications
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Zhao Xudong , Xu Yinsheng , Wu Haodi , Xu Xuhui , Lu Ping , Zhang Xianghua , Zhao Xiujian , Xia Mengling , Tang Jiang , Niu Guangda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlass scintillators have several benefits compared to the currently used single or polycrystalline scintillators, including non‐hygroscopicity, mechanical ruggedness, ease of producing customizable shapes, and low‐cost synthesis. The combination of the inert glass matrix and the embedded highly scintillating center render them significant materials for medical imaging and therapy, non‐destructive probing, nuclear monitoring, and high‐energy physics. Recently, great progress has been made in exploring new kinds of glass scintillator materials, improving imaging resolution for radiation detection, and developing an enormous range of commercial products. However, the majority of efforts have been devoted to the variation of materials, while rationally designing this new family of scintillators toward expected properties and applications is still lacking. In this review, the focus is specifically on advances in glass scintillators, including the scintillation fundamentals, material designing rule, and current application status, as well as future challenges and future directions.
A Supramolecular Injectable Methacryloyl Chitosan‐Tricine‐Based Hydrogel with 3D Printing Potential for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Ouro Pedro M.S. , Costa Dora C.S. , Amaral Adérito J.R. , Mano João F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrintable hydrogels have attracted significant attention as versatile, tunable, and spatiotemporally controlled biomaterials for tissue engineering (TE) applications. Several chitosan‐based systems are reported presenting low or no solubility in aqueous solutions at physiological pH. Herein, a novel neutrally charged, biomimetic, injectable, and cytocompatible dual‐crosslinked (DC) hydrogel system based on a double functionalized chitosan (CHT) with methacryloyl and tricine moieties (CHTMA‐Tricine), completely processable at physiological pH, with promising three‐dimensional (3D) printing potential is presented. Tricine, an amino acid typically used in biomedicine, is capable of establishing supramolecular interactions (H‐bonds) and is never explored as a hydrogel component for TE. CHTMA‐Tricine hydrogels demonstrate significantly greater toughness (ranging from 656.5 ± 82.2 to 1067.5 ± 121.5 kJ m−3) compared to CHTMA hydrogels (ranging from 382.4 ± 44.1 to 680.8 ± 104.5 kJ m−3), highlighting the contribution of the supramolecular interactions for the overall reinforced 3D structure provided by tricine moieties. Cytocompatibility studies reveal that MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblasts cells remain viable for 6 days when encapsulated in CHTMA‐Tricine constructs, with semi‐quantitative analysis showing ≈80% cell viability. This system's interesting viscoelastic properties allow the fabrication of multiple structures, which couple with a straightforward approach, will open doors for the design of advanced chitosan‐based biomaterials through 3D bioprinting for TE.
Quantification of snake venom proteomes by mass spectrometry‐considerations and perspectives
Authors: Calvete Juan J. , Lomonte Bruno , Saviola Anthony J. , Calderón Celis Francisco , Ruiz Encinar Jorge 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe advent of soft ionization mass spectrometry‐based proteomics in the 1990s led to the development of a new dimension in biology that conceptually allows for the integral analysis of whole proteomes. This transition from a reductionist to a global‐integrative approach is conditioned to the capability of proteomic platforms to generate and analyze complete qualitative and quantitative proteomics data. Paradoxically, the underlying analytical technique, molecular mass spectrometry, is inherently nonquantitative. The turn of the century witnessed the development of analytical strategies to endow proteomics with the ability to quantify proteomes of model organisms in the sense of “an organism for which comprehensive molecular (genomic and/or transcriptomic) resources are available.” This essay presents an overview of the strategies and the lights and shadows of the most popular quantification methods highlighting the common misuse of label‐free approaches developed for model species' when applied to quantify the individual components of proteomes of nonmodel species (In this essay we use the term “non‐model” organisms for species lacking comprehensive molecular (genomic and/or transcriptomic) resources, a circumstance that, as we detail in this review‐essay, conditions the quantification of their proteomes.). We also point out the opportunity of combining elemental and molecular mass spectrometry systems into a hybrid instrumental configuration for the parallel identification and absolute quantification of venom proteomes. The successful application of this novel mass spectrometry configuration in snake venomics represents a proof‐of‐concept for a broader and more routine application of hybrid elemental/molecular mass spectrometry setups in other areas of the proteomics field, such as phosphoproteomics, metallomics, and in general in any biological process where a heteroatom (i.e., any atom other than C, H, O, N) forms integral part of its mechanism.
The distribution pattern of corneal volume in Chinese myopic patients from multiple centers
Authors: Tang Changting , Qin Linyuan , Wang Wei , Lu Suqing , Li Yinan , Fang Ying , Yu Honghua , Hu Yijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCorneal volume (CV) is a useful index for detecting forme fruste keratoconus from normal corneas. It can be used to evaluate the whole cornea, since it can measure corneal areas up to 10 mm in diameter. Thus, CV has become the clinicians' interest as a diagnostic tool of corneal ectatic disease and a measure of corneal integrity to determine suitability for refractive surgery. We conducted a cross‐sectional study including 7893 myopic patients from five ophthalmic centers to investigate the distribution pattern of CV. Our study showed that distribution of CV‐3, CV‐5, and CV‐7 mm were slightly positively skewed and the 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles were 3.6–4.4, 10.4–12.8, 22.5–27.5 mm3, respectively. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was significantly correlated with CV in all measurement regions. The correlation between CV and CCT showed an inconsistent trend with the increase of age. The correlation coefficient between CV and CCT did not change significantly with the increase of myopia degree in low to moderate myopia, but fluctuated significantly in high myopia (less than −6.0 diopters). According to our results, corneal volume follows a slightly positively skewed distribution pattern in myopic Chinese patients. The information is useful for screening refractive surgery candidates and assessing the risk of corneal refractive surgery.
Attention‐guided multi‐scale context aggregation network for multi‐modal brain glioma segmentation
Authors: Wu Shaozhi , Cao Yunjian , Li Xinke , Liu Qiyu , Ye Yuyun , Liu Xingang , Zeng Liaoyuan , Tian Miao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate segmentation of brain glioma is a critical prerequisite for clinical diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment evaluation. In current clinical workflow, physicians typically perform delineation of brain tumor subregions slice‐by‐slice, which is more susceptible to variabilities in raters and also time‐consuming. Besides, even though convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are driving progress, the performance of standard models still have some room for further improvement.PurposeTo deal with these issues, this paper proposes an attention‐guided multi‐scale context aggregation network (AMCA‐Net) for the accurate segmentation of brain glioma in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images with multi‐modalities.MethodsAMCA‐Net extracts the multi‐scale features from the MRI images and fuses the extracted discriminative features via a self‐attention mechanism for brain glioma segmentation. The extraction is performed via a series of down‐sampling, convolution layers, and the global context information guidance (GCIG) modules are developed to fuse the features extracted for contextual features. At the end of the down‐sampling, a multi‐scale fusion (MSF) module is designed to exploit and combine all the extracted multi‐scale features. Each of the GCIG and MSF modules contain a channel attention (CA) module that can adaptively calibrate feature responses and emphasize the most relevant features. Finally, multiple predictions with different resolutions are fused through different weightings given by a multi‐resolution adaptation (MRA) module instead of the use of averaging or max‐pooling to improve the final segmentation results.ResultsDatasets used in this paper are publicly accessible, that is, the Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenges 2018 (BraTS2018) and 2019 (BraTS2019). BraTS2018 contains 285 patient cases and BraTS2019 contains 335 cases. Simulations show that the AMCA‐Net has better or comparable performance against that of the other state‐of‐the‐art models. In terms of the Dice score and Hausdorff 95 for the BraTS2018 dataset, 90.4% and 10.2 mm for the whole tumor region (WT), 83.9% and 7.4 mm for the tumor core region (TC), 80.2% and 4.3 mm for the enhancing tumor region (ET), whereas the Dice score and Hausdorff 95 for the BraTS2019 dataset, 91.0% and 10.7 mm for the WT, 84.2% and 8.4 mm for the TC, 80.1% and 4.8 mm for the ET. Conclusions: The proposed AMCA‐Net performs comparably well in comparison to several state‐of‐the‐art neural net models in identifying the areas involving the peritumoral edema, enhancing tumor, and necrotic and non‐enhancing tumor core of brain glioma, which has great potential for clinical practice. In future research, we will further explore the feasibility of applying AMCA‐Net to other similar segmentation tasks.
Variational schemes and mixed finite elements for large strain isotropic elasticity in principal stretches: Closed‐form tangent eigensystems, convexity conditions, and stabilised elasticity
Authors: Poya Roman , Ortigosa Rogelio , Gil Antonio J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA new computational framework for large strain elasticity in principal stretches is presented. Distinct from existing literature, the proposed formulation makes direct use of principal stretches rather than their squares that is, eigenvalues of Cauchy‐Green strain tensor. The proposed framework has three key features. First, the eigen‐decomposition of the tangent elasticity and initial (geometric) stiffness operators is obtained in closed‐form from principal information alone. Crucially, these newly found eigenvalues describe the general convexity conditions of isotropic hyperelastic energies. In other words, convexity is postulated concisely through tangent eigenvalues supplementing the original work of Ball (Arch Ration Mech Anal. 1976; 63(4): 337–403). Consequently, this novel finding opens the door for designing efficient automated Newton‐style algorithms with stabilised tangents via closed‐form semipositive definite projection or spectral shifting that converge irrespective of mesh resolution, quality, loading scenario and without relying on path‐following techniques. A critical study of closed‐form tangent stabilisation in the context of isotropic hyperelasticity is therefore undertaken in this work. Second, in addition to high order displacement‐based formulation, mixed Hu‐Washizu variational principles are formulated in terms of principal stretches by introducing stretch work conjugate Lagrange multipliers that enforce principal stretch‐stress compatibility. This is similar to enhanced strain methods. However, the resulting mixed finite element scheme is cost‐efficient, specially compared to approximating the entire strain tensors since the formulation is in the scalar space of singular values. Third, the proposed framework facilitates simulating rigid and stiff systems and those that are nearly‐inextensible in principal directions, a constituent of elasticity that cannot be easily studied using standard formulations.
The prevalence of moderate–severe premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder and the related factors in high school students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Babapour Farzaneh , Elyasi Forouzan , Shahhosseini Zohreh , Hosseini Tabaghdehi Monirolsadate 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivePremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a clinical condition with physical and psychological symptoms affecting female students' quality of life, social activity, and school performance. Since most studies have focused on adult women, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of moderate–severe PMS, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), and their related factors in high school students.MethodsThe participants of this cross‐sectional study, conducted in 2019, were 900 high school students in Sari, north of Iran. They were selected by census method from six high schools. Data were collected using Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool and General Health Questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of moderate–severe PMS and PMDD were 33.9% and 12.3%, respectively. According to the logistic regression model, dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of moderate–severe PMS [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.356, confidence interval (CI): 1.706–3.254, p < 0.0001] and PMDD (AOR: 1.924, CI: 1.186–3.120, p = 0.0008). Moreover, optimal general health was associated with a lower prevalence of moderate–severe PMS (AOR: 0.326, CI: 0.221–0.480, p < 0.0001) and PMDD (AOR: 0.309, CI: 0.161–0.593, p < 0.0001). The findings revealed that a family history of PMS and adding excess salt to the food were associated with a higher prevalence of PMDD (p < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough many high school students do not meet the criteria for PMDD, many experience PMS, which could be diminished with proper diet and improved general health.
Zero‐sum game optimal control for the nonlinear switched systems based on heuristic dynamic programming
Authors: Fu Xingjian , Li Zizheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, the zero‐sum game problem of control and disturbance is studied for discrete affine nonlinear switched systems with unknown dynamical models. A two‐level heuristic dynamic programming iterative algorithm for solving the zero‐sum game problem is proposed, which can be used to solve the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Isaacs equation associated with the optimal regulation control problem. The convergence analysis based on the value function and control strategy is given. For algorithm implementation, neural networks are used to approximate the control strategy, disturbance strategy, and value function of the game dynamic programming, respectively. A model network is used to approximate the system states with an unknown dynamical model. The iterative algorithm steps are given. Finally, the validity of the method is verified by simulation examples.
Treatment strategy for late‐life depression
Authors: Baba Hajime 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the unprecedented aging of the world's population, the number of elderly patients with depression is expected to increase. However, management and treatment of late‐life depression (LLD) is more difficult than in early adults. Prior to treatment, diagnosis must take into account the differentiation from, and comorbidity with, organic brain diseases such as dementia and delirium, as well as depression caused by other physical diseases or medications. As clinical features of LLD, treatment response tends to be poor in older patients and recurrence rates are higher than those in early adult patients, therefore psycho‐social interventions on the basis of the patient's background and condition are important for LLD. The first‐line treatment strategy generally depends on the severity of the depression. Systematic psychotherapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy and problem‐solving therapy, have been reported to reduce depressive symptoms in LLD. Regarding pharmacotherapy, newer antidepressants are recommended for LLD, but careful attention to adverse events is required. Treatment using neuromodulation is also reported to be useful for LLD. In the current review, for further‐line treatment, treatment strategies were divided according to the level of first‐line treatment response. Evidence indicates that LLD is more heterogeneous than depression in younger adults, therefore when treating LLD patients it is necessary to take various conditions and situations into consideration, and to provide detailed treatment that is tailored to each patient.
Thermal simulations on periglacial soils of the Central Andes, Argentina
Authors: Mendoza López Martín , Tapia Baldis Carla , Trombotto Liaudat Dario , Sileo Noelia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRock glaciers are the most common landforms of the Andean periglacial landscape in the Central Andes of San Juan, Argentina. Their active layer is gravelly with a typical openwork structure. The upper parts of these rock glaciers are coarse‐grained Turbic Cryosols, with no vegetation cover. Since March 2018, coarse soils in the active layer of the “Candidato” rock glacier have been monitored (31.9°S, 70.18°W). Three trenches, 4,000 m a.s.l. and down to a depth of 90 cm, were equipped with sensors to measure soil temperature and volumetric water content. We also measured particle size distributions and calculated thermal properties from soil samples. The mean thermal conductivities for unfrozen and frozen soils were 0.69 and 0.54 W m−1 K−1, respectively, and the mean thermal diffusivities were 2.05 × 10−7 and 1.64 × 10–7 m2 s−1, respectively. Analysis of the seasonal thermal and hydrological fluxes in the active layer is challenging, as the physical properties change cyclically, thus controlling processes such as water storage, infiltration and seepage, heat balance, mechanical behavior, and kinematic response. We used the Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer Model for the Soil–Plant–Atmosphere System (COUP) numerical computerized model, performing a site‐specific calibration, to simulate soil temperatures, active layer thicknesses, and seasonal freezing–thawing depths. The model implemented, in combination with a reanalysis of the meteorological data series, performed very well to reproduce the data from thermo‐sensors placed in the ground. This proposed methodology is viable for areas with limited instrumentation or low accessibility. The “Candidato” rock glacier can be used as a pilot model for thermal modeling purposes on rhyolitic rock glaciers in the region.