bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scholte wave approach for ultrasonic surface acoustic wave elastography
Authors: Liu Jingfei , Leer Jurjen , Aglayomov Salavat R. , Emelianov Stanislav Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPathological changes in tissues are often related to changes in tissue mechanical properties, making elastography an important tool for medical applications. Among the existing elastography methods, ultrasound elastography is of great interest due to the inherent advantages of ultrasound imaging technology, such as low cost, portability, safety, and wide availability. Although ultrasonic shear wave elastography, as a platform technology, can potentially quantify the elasticity of tissue at any depth, its current implementation cannot assess superficial tissue but can only image deep tissue.PurposeTo address this challenge, we proposed an ultrasonic Scholte‐wave‐based approach for imaging the elasticity of superficial tissue.MethodsThe feasibility of the proposed technique was tested using a gelatin phantom with a cylindrical inclusion. To generate Scholte wave in the superficial region of the phantom, we proposed a new experimental configuration in which a liquid layer was introduced between an ultrasound imaging transducer and the tissue‐mimicking phantom. We utilized an acoustic radiation force impulse to excite the tissue‐mimicking phantom, analyzed the properties of the generated Scholte waves, and applied the waves for elasticity imaging.ResultsIn this study, we first reported the observation that Scholte (surface) waves and shear (bulk) waves were simultaneously generated, and they propagated in the superficial and deeper regions of the phantom, respectively. Then, we presented some important properties of the generated Scholte waves. For a 5w/v% gelatin phantom, the generated Scholte waves have a speed of around 0.9 m/s, a frequency of about 186 Hz, and thus a wavelength of about 4.8 mm. The speed ratio between the simultaneously generated Scholte wave and shear wave is about 0.717, which is 15% lower than the theoretical expectation. And we further demonstrated the feasibility of Scholte wave as a mechanism for imaging superficial tissue elasticity. Together with the simultaneously generated shear wave, the Scholte wave was shown to be able to quantitatively image both the background and the cylindrical inclusion (4 mm in diameter) of the tissue‐mimicking gelatin phantom.ConclusionsThis work shows that the elasticity of superficial tissue can be evaluated by utilizing the generated Scholte wave alone, and it also shows that a comprehensive elasticity imaging of the tissue extending from the superficial to deep regions can be achieved by combining the proposed Scholte wave technique and the conventional shear wave technique.
Age‐related white matter hyperintensities and overactive bladder: A systematic review
Authors: Silva Ricardo Pereira e , Sousa Diana Aguiar , Lopes Filipe Abadesso , Silva‐Ramos Miguel , Verdelho Ana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionAge‐related white matter hyperintensities (ARWMHs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging have been associated with lower urinary tract symptoms/dysfunction (LUTS/LUTD), namely overactive bladder (OAB) and detrusor overactivity. We aimed to systematically review existing data on the association between ARWMH and LUTS and which clinical tools have been used for this assessment.Materials and MethodsWe searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov (from 1980 to November 2021) and considered original studies reporting data on ARWMH and LUTS/LUTD in patients of both sexes aged 50 or above. The primary outcome was OAB. We calculated the unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the outcomes of interest using random‐effects models.ResultsFourteen studies were included. LUTS assessment was heterogeneous and mainly based on the use of nonvalidated questionnaires. Urodynamics assessment was reported in five studies. ARWMHs were graded using visual scales in eight studies. Patients with moderate‐to‐severe ARWMHs were more likely to present with OAB and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI; OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.05–2.49, p = 0.03), I2 = 21.3%) when compared to patients with similar age and absent or mild ARWMH.Discussion and ConclusionsHigh‐quality data on the association between ARWMH and OAB is scarce. Patients with moderate to severe ARWMH showed higher levels of OAB symptoms, including UUI, when compared to patients with absent or mild ARWMH. The use of standardized tools to assess both ARWMH and OAB in these patients should be encouraged in future research.
Fully discrete error analysis of first‐order low regularity integrators for the Allen‐Cahn equation
Authors: Doan Cao‐Kha , Hoang Thi‐Thao‐Phuong , Ju Lili 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Allen‐Cahn equation satisfies the maximum bound principle, that is, its solution is uniformly bounded for all time by a positive constant under appropriate initial and/or boundary conditions. It has been shown recently that the time‐discrete solutions produced by low regularity integrators (LRIs) are likewise bounded in the infinity norm; however, the corresponding fully discrete error analysis is still lacking. This work is concerned with convergence analysis of the fully discrete numerical solutions to the Allen‐Cahn equation obtained based on two first‐order LRIs in time and the central finite difference method in space. By utilizing some fundamental properties of the fully discrete system and the Duhamel's principle, we prove optimal error estimates of the numerical solutions in time and space while the exact solution is only assumed to be continuous in time. Numerical results are presented to confirm such error estimates and show that the solution obtained by the proposed LRI schemes is more accurate than the classical exponential time differencing (ETD) scheme of the same order.
Preparation of high breakdown strength meta‐aramid composite paper reinforced by polyphenylene sulfide superfine fiber
Authors: Zhao Yuzhen , Yao Songjun , Xiong Siwei , Li Bingyang , Wang Xuyi , Yang Feihua , Jia Yingbin , Wang Luoxin , Wang Hua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMeta‐aramid paper has been widely used in transformers because of its excellent insulation properties and thermal stability. However, with the rapid development of high‐voltage transformers, higher requirements are placed on the breakdown strength of meta‐aramid paper. In this study, meta‐aramid chopped fibers/polyphenylene sulfide (MACFs/PPS) composite paper was prepared by a combination of wet‐copying and hot‐rolling technology. Then the microscopic morphology, mechanical properties, crystallization behavior, insulation properties, and thermal stability of the MACFs/PPS composite paper were studied and evaluated. The experimental results showed that the breakdown strength of the MACFs/PPS composite paper was as high as 46.46 kV/mm, which was 2.7 times higher than the famous Nomex T410 insulating paper. Meanwhile, the MACFs/PPS composite paper presented good mechanical properties and thermal stability. This paper provides a simple and versatile method for the preparation of meta‐aramid composite paper with high breakdown strength.
The experiences of school psychological counselors on reporting sexual abuse cases: A thematic analysis
Authors: Avcı Mahsum , Yıldırım Taşkın 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to analyze and understand the experiences of school counselors regarding the reporting of sexual abuse cases and to offer solutions. This study, which was based on a qualitative design, was also based on a phenomenological approach. The study group was determined with the purposeful sampling method and consisted of 15 school counselors who had previously reported sexual abuse cases in 15 different cities. The five main themes that emerged as a result of the thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews with the participants were as follows; “Security Problem of School Counselors,” “Chain of Ethical Violations,” “Judicial Process,” “Competence,” “Reputation Issue” and finally “School Counselor's Disclosure Dilemma.” The victim's family and environment, the accused and the environment, and the school administration are exposed to pressures in the process of reporting sexual abuse cases, as a result of these pressures, they give up the legal obligation to run the judicial reporting process, the chain of ethical violations and difficulties in the investigation and prosecution process, and the spiral of not seeing themselves as professionally competent are at the center of the experiences of school counselors who report sexual abuse cases.
Fixed‐time event‐triggered consensus tracking control for uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems with dead‐zone constraint
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Jianhui , Zhang Chunliang , Du Yongping , Liu Zhi , Chen C. L. Philip 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis research investigates the fixed‐time event‐triggered consensus tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) under directed graphs. In MASs, frequent and continuous communication is difficult to achieve because the network bandwidth of the system is limited. In addition, unknown nonlinearities and dead‐zone input may exacerbate the communication burden of the system. It is challenging to guarantee the fixed‐time stability of the system when it suffers from these constraints. To overcome the above problems, based on the radial basis neural networks and backstepping technology, an event‐triggered mechanism is designed to reduce the frequency of control input updates and compensate for the dead‐zone input. On this basis, a novel consensus tracking control protocol is established based on the practically fixed‐time stability theorem. Technically, by using the protocol, the system is practically fixed‐time stable, even under the effect of those aforementioned constraints. Finally, some simulation examples validate the validity of the proposed protocol.
Chymotrypsin inhibitor assay: Expressing, calculating, and standardizing inhibitory activity in absolute amounts of chymotrypsin inhibited
Authors: Liu Keshun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is a growing interest in monitoring chymotrypsin inhibitor activity (CIA) in soybean and other legume products, although trypsin inhibitor activity has been primarily measured. Recently, for accurately measuring CIA, an optimized method was developed in our laboratory and published elsewhere. Like most reported methods, the new method expresses CIA as chymotrypsin units (CU) inhibited (CUI)/mg sample. This arbitrary unit makes comparison of results impossible among different methods. The present study solved this problem by expressing CIA in absolute amounts of chymotrypsin inhibited (CId) and standardizing against a reference chymotrypsin. With the new method, two experiments were conducted, using four chymotrypsin reagents having different specific activities (SA), respectively. Experiment 1 determined the relationship between absorbance at 400 nm (A400) and μg chymotrypsin. Experiment 2 measured raw and heated soybeans, expressed CIA as CUI/mg sample and μg CId/mg sample, respectively, and determined conversion factors between the two units. Conversion factors determined in both experiments matched each other but varied with chymotrypsin SA. Yet, after standardizing against the reference chymotrypsin having a fixed SA of 150 N‐benzoyl‐L‐tyrosine‐p‐nitroanilide (BTNA) (equivalent to 50 N‐benzoyl‐L‐tyrosine ethyl ester [BTEE]) units/mg protein, a standardized conversion factor of 1.5 CUI (= 0.015 ΔA400) = 1 μg CId was determined. It remained consistent regardless of chymotrypsin SA, sample heating history, and levels. The new method can now express results in μg CId/mg sample (or mg/g) by dividing CUI/mg sample by 1.5. When other methods follow the same strategies for determining standardized conversion factors, CIA results could be comparable.
Interfacial Engineering of Copper–Nickel Selenide Nanodendrites for Enhanced Overall Water Splitting in Alkali Condition
Authors: Cao Dong , Shao Jie , Cui Yahui , Zhang Lipeng , Cheng Daojian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFabricating heterogeneous interfaces is an effective approach to improve the intrinsic activity of noble‐metal‐free catalysts for water splitting. Herein, 3D copper–nickel selenide (CuNi@NiSe) nanodendrites with abundant heterointerfaces are constructed by a precise multi‐step wet chemistry method. Notably, CuNi@NiSe only needs 293 and 41 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. Moreover, the assembled CuNi@NiSe system just requires 2.2 V at 1000 mA cm−2 in anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer, which is 2.0 times better than Pt/C//IrO2. Mechanism studies reveal Cu defects on the Cu2−xSe surface boost the electron transfer between Cu atoms and Se atoms of Ni3Se4 via Cu2−xSe/Ni3Se4 interface, largely lowering the reaction barrier of rate‐determining step for HER. Besides, the intrinsic activity of Ni atoms for in situ generated NiOOH is largely enhanced during OER because of the electron‐modulating effect of Se atoms at Ni3Se4/NiOOH interface. The unique 3D structure also promotes the mass transfer during catalysis process. This work emphasizes the essential role of interfacial engineering for practical water splitting.
Unveiling the Superior Optical Properties of Novel Melamine‐Based Nonlinear Optical Material with Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation and Giant Optical Anisotropy
Authors: Bai Zhiyong , Lee Jihyun , Kim Heewon , Hu Chun‐Li , Ok Kang Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo melamine‐based metal halides, (C3N6H7)(C3N6H6)HgCl3 (I) and (C3N6H7)3HgCl5 (II), are synthesized by incorporating the heavy d10 cation, Hg2+, and the halide anion, Cl−. The noncentrosymmetric structure of I results from two unique attributes: large asymmetric secondary building units produced by direct covalent coordination of melamine to Hg2+ and a small dihedral angle between melamine molecules. The former makes inorganic modules locally acentric, while the latter prevents planar organic groups from forming deleterious antiparallel arrangement. The unique coordination in I results in an enlarged band gap of 4.40 eV. Due to the large polarizability of the heavy Hg2+ cation and the π‐conjugated system of melamine, I exhibits a strong second‐harmonic generation efficiency of 5 × KH2PO4, larger than any reported melamine‐based nonlinear optical materials to date. Density functional theory calculations indicate that I possesses giant optical anisotropy, with a birefringence of 0.246@1064 nm.
Cell death mediated by nanotechnology via the cuproptosis pathway: A novel horizon for cancer therapy
Authors: Wei Chuang , Fu Qinrui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCuproptosis, the current form of regulated cell death characterized by copper overload, oligomerization of lipoacylated proteins, and loss of Fe–S cluster proteins, has been proposed to function closely with human diseases, including cancer. Since its first identification in 2022, many strategies have been developed to induce cuproptosis for cancer therapy, such as small‐molecule drugs and nanomaterials. Although many reviews related to cuproptosis have been reported, they remain at a basic mechanism level, and a summary covering recent progress in the field of nanotechnologies in cuproptosis‐based cancer therapy has not yet been presented. Therefore, it is time to fill the gap and shed light on future directions for the application of this promising tool to fight against cancer. In this minireview, we first expounded the mechanism of action of cuproptosis and emphasized the feasibility of triggering cuproptosis for cancer therapy. The recent progress of cancer treatments based on nanoparticle‐induced cuproptosis was then described. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of the emerging field of cuproptosis are also discussed.
Smart MXene‐based bioelectronic devices as wearable health monitor for sensing human physiological signals
Authors: Han Sancan , Zou Mingchen , Pu Xinxin , Lu Yifei , Tian Yuecheng , Li Huijun , Liu Yi , Wu Fangyu , Huang Ningge , Shen Meihua , Song Enming , Wang Ding 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiosafe wearable healthcare monitor has attracted significant attention owing to their applicability to wearable electronics. However, the narrow sensing range and poor response limit the application of flexible devices for comprehensive monitoring of human health‐related physiological signals (i.e., pulse diagnosis). Critical challenges remain in the development of biocompatible materials and the design of flexible bio‐integrated platforms for these purposes, targeting performance approaching those of conventional wafer‐based technologies and long‐term operational stability. In this context, this work presents a robust and flexible MXene/polydopamine (PDA)‐composite‐film‐based pressure sensor in a portable/wearable fashion, which establishes a unique intercalated spherical‐like PDA molecules structure, thereby resulting in excellent sensing performance. The MXene/PDA‐based pressure sensor has sensitivity of up to 138.8 kPa−1 in the pressure range of 0.18–6.20 kPa with fast response and recovery speed (t1 < 100 ms; t2< 50 ms). Associated embodiment involves real‐time precise measurements of a variety of health‐related physiological signals, ranging from wrist pulse, to finger motions, to vocalization and to facial expressions, with high sensitivity and accuracy. Studies on human subjects establish the clinical significance of these devices for future opportunities of health monitoring and intelligent control to predict and diagnose diseases.
Methods for Learning to Quantify
Authors: Esuli Andrea , Fabris Alessandro , Moreo Alejandro , Sebastiani Fabrizio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter is possibly the central chapter of the book, and looks at the various supervised learning methods for learning to quantify that have been proposed over the years. These methods belong to two main categories, depending on whether they have an aggregative nature (i.e., they require the classification of all individual unlabelled items as an intermediate step) or a non-aggregative nature (i.e., they perform no classification of individual items). In turn, the aggregative methods may be seen as belonging to two main sub-categories, depending on whether the classification of individual unlabelled items is performed by classifiers trained via general-purpose learners or via special-purpose, quantification-oriented learners.
Targeting Molecular Residual Disease Using Novel Technologies and Clinical Trials Design in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Sanz-Garcia Enrique , Siu Lillian L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-related and most cases of HPV-negative locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) have substantial risks of relapse despite definitive therapy, and thus represent conditions of unmet clinical need. The ability now exists to detect molecular residual disease (MRD) in these patients post-definitive treatment such as surgery or (chemo)radiotherapy using novel and highly sensitive and specific technologies to measure cancer-derived circulating biomarkers. The positive and negative predictive values of these assays to forecast cancer recurrence, as well as the lead time of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection before clinical relapse, are relevant as these parameters rationalize the design of clinical trials for cancer interception in the MRD setting. Currently, there is evidence that interception in the MRD setting yields benefit in clinical outcome in some cancers, but such data do not yet exist in LA-HNSCC and will require prospective testing via clinical trials.
Animal Models of Tuberculosis
Authors: Li Huoming , Li Hao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is an important zoonotic disease caused by infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) complex and has a significant impact on public health. Animal models are suitable tools to mimic the clinical symptoms observed in human TB and provide an opportunity to understand immune responses to infection and the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of TB. In this chapter, we summarize the animal models that are used in Mtb research, including common models such as the mouse, rat, guinea pig, non-human primates, rabbit, cattle and zebrafish, as well as discuss some newly established animal models.
Protection
Authors: Şahin-Mencütek Zeynep , Gökalp-Aras N. Ela , Kaya Ayhan , Rottmann Susan Beth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTurkey has a highly complex structure with stratified legal statuses and multiple actors in migration and refugee governance. The chapter shows how temporality is the key encompassing characteristic of Turkey’s refugee governance, which is the basis for its response to Syrian mass migration and multilevel refugee governance. In this regard, the chapter asks how strategic temporality is used as a tool for international protection in Turkey and what the consequences are in terms of the legal, political and institutional frameworks at the macro level, as well as perceptions, experiences, and strategies of policy implementers and policy beneficiaries at both meso and micro levels.
Plasma free amino acid profiles are associated with serum high molecular weight adiponectin levels in Japanese medical check-up population without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tokunaga Kengo , Nakamura Hidehiro , Toue Sakino , Kato Yumiko , Ida Yosuke , Miyoshi Sawako , Yoneyama Rika , Ohnishi Hiroaki , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Okamoto Susumu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo prevent the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), early detection and intervention are important. Several studies have already shown that the serum adiponectin level could be useful for evaluating the future risk of T2DM. Recently, plasma free amino acid (PFAA) concentrations have also emerged as potential biomarkers that predict the future onset of T2DM. In this study, we aimed to further characterise PFAA profiles by elucidating the association with the serum high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin level in this cross-sectional study. A total of 1000 Japanese subjects who underwent medical check-ups were enrolled, and their plasma concentrations of 21 amino acids and clinical parameters were measured. The subjects without T2DM were divided into quartiles (Q1-4) by serum HMW adiponectin level, and the association with between PFAA concentrations was analysed. Concentrations of glutamate, alanine, proline, tyrosine, histidine, methionine, lysine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and tryptophan varied significantly according to the adiponectin quartile. Furthermore, serum adiponectin levels showed significant inverse correlations with these amino acids. The change in the PFAA profile in the group with the lowest adiponectin concentrations (Q1) was similar to that of T2DM patients. Although both adiponectin levels and PFAA concentrations are known to be altered by the accumulation of visceral fat and insulin resistance, the levels of glutamate, BCAA, lysine and tryptophan remain significantly associated with adiponectin level after adjustment for age, body mass index and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, showing the direct association between PFAA concentrations and the serum HMW adiponectin level. Registration number: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000029920, registered on Nov 13th 2017 (prospectively registered).