bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluctuation Theoretical and Turbidimetric Studies of Fast Mixing Processes in Liquids by Dynamic Volume Pulse Techniques. Part 1. Fluctuation Theory
Authors: Craubner H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFast optimum mixing processes in open, binary ideal liquid mixtures are theoretically treated as a superposition of a temporal set of noninterfering concentration fluctuations. For periodically generated volume pulses the relations of the quasi‐stationary mixing equilibrium as well as the temporal course of the corresponding concentration fluctuations are deduced. It is shown that the ”optimum differential mixing time ϑ” is a characteristic elementary time quantum. It also corresponds to the “waiting time θ*” which elapses during the equilibration of a sudden compression of the local mixture concentration: ϑ = ϑ*.The investigation of the time course of concentration fluctuations (ε = γ‐&&gamma;macr; ; γ = volume fraction of constituent 1) results in an estimation of ϑ. A statistical‐thermodynamic fluctuation theory is used for the calculation of ϑ by means of a liquid model. The mean differential mixing time 〈ϑ〉 corresponds to the quotient of the “average course time (Verlaufszeit)” (〈ϑϵ〉 = 1.5 · 10−5sec) and the “fluctuation probabilityP(ε)”: 〈ϑ〉 = 〈ϑϵ/P(ϵ) · 10−2sec. The mean square relative deviation is given by 〈ε2/(&&gamma;macr;)2= 〈(γ ‐ &&gamma;macr;)2〉/(&&gamma;macr;)2= 1/n̄1≈︁ 10−22(n̄1≈︁ 1022= average number of molecules of constituent 1 per cm3).It is shown that the elementary time quantum ϑ may also be interpreted as a relaxation time. Such an approach permits some understanding of the molecular events which proceed during fast mixing processes e.g. dependence on temperature and viscosity. Optical observation i.e. turbidity measurement is discussed on the basis of coupling fast mixing processes to polymer precipitation as an indicator reaction.
Kinetic Analysis of Ultrasonic Relaxation Spectra Caused by H‐Bond Polymerization The Two State Model and the Multistep Model
Authors: Rassing Jørgen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA kinetic analysis based on two different types of kinetic models has been applied to the previously published ultrasonic relaxation spectra of N‐methyl acetamide dissolved in carbon tetrachloride. The first model used is a two state model which describes the kinetics of the hydrogen bond association in terms of two states, a bonded state and a non bonded state. The other model used consists of an infinite number of elementary reaction steps in which hydrogen bonds are formed. Both models are treated in such a way that they agree with the fact that the equilibrium condition of the system is described by an infinite number of equilibria between monomers and polymers. The accuracy with which the two different models describe the measured relaxation is judged by comparing the concentration dependence of the relaxation parameters predicted from the two models with the actually measured concentration dependence of the relaxation parameters. The concentration dependence of the relaxation time predicted from both models corresponds to the one measured. The concentration dependence observed for the relaxation strength, however, can be explained only in terms of the multistep model. Finally the possibility of fitting the experimental data to the theoretical expression of the relaxation of the multistep model is discussed.
Motions of Protons in CH‐, CH2‐, CH3‐ and C2H5‐Halides by Cold Neutron Transmission Experiments
Authors: Fischer C. O. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTotal cross sections of CH3I, CH2DI, CH3CH2I, CD3CH2I, CH3CD2I, CH2I2, CH2Br2and CHBr3have been measured with cold neutrons between 4 Å and 17 Å. The slopesSof the scattering cross section per proton vs. the neutron wavelength indicate the different types of protonic motions in the investigated liquids.The high slopeS= 12.6 ± 0.4 barn/Å for protons in CH3I is explained by relative free internal rotation of the methyl group. This rotation is not influenced by the substitution of a proton by a deuteron as in CH2DI (S= 12.6 ± 0.4 barn/Å). But the motion of the protons becomes strongly hindered by increasing the rotational mass when substituting a proton by a halide nucleus as in CH2I2(S= 5.6 ± 0.5 barn/Å) and in CH2Br2(S= 6.2 ± 0.5 barn/Å). In CHBr3no internal molecular motion of the proton is possible and the low cross section slopeS= 2.0 ± 0.8 barn/Å shows, that the rotations of the CHBr3molecules are much more hindered than rotations of CH2Br2.In CH3CH2I the neutron‐proton scattering is weaker than in CH3I. Comparison of the CD3CH2I and CH3CD2I cross sections with the CH3CH2I result indicates within the experimental errors no difference between the scattering power of methyl and methylene protons in ethyl iodide. This leads to the conclusion that all protons in ethyl iodide participate at the same microdynamic process which exchanges momentum and energy with the cold neutron. Therefore an internal rotation of the ethyl group around the C–I bond is assumed.
Basic Concepts and Problems in the Theory of Critical Phenomena
Authors: Münster A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe basic concepts in the theory of critical phenomena are developed for fluid one‐component systems. Only in the last section other critical phenomena are discussed. In the first part thermodynamic theory is reviewed. In the second part, by inserting the thermodynamic result into the compressibility integral, it is demonstrated that from the molecular point of view the nature of the critical point is to be explained by an anomalous behaviour of density fluctuations. The Ornstein‐Zernike theory is sketched and the problem of the Fisher exponent n is briefly discussed. In the third part the concept of critical exponents is introduced and definitions for the most important special cases are presented. Thermodynamic inequalities and scaling laws are briefly discussed. In the concluding part the general character of critical phenomena is emphasized and the scheme of corresponding critical quantities is indicated for some special cases. Theoretical and experimental values of critical exponents are presented and briefly discussed.
Critical Neutron Scattering from the Heisenberg Ferromagnets EuO and EuS
Authors: Als‐Nielsen J. , Dietrich O. W. , Passell L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe magnetic neutron scattering from isotopically enriched powders of EuO and EuS near their Curie temperatures has been studied. Results of the critical exponents for the static properties in standard notation weremagnified imageSpin wave scattering at T<<Tc confirmed that EuO has predominantly nearest neighbor interaction only with J1 = 0.602 ± 0.008 K, J2 = 0.155 ± 0.014 K whereas in EuS J1 = 0.234 ± 0.016 K, J2 = 0.098 ± 0.014 K.The renormalization of spin wave energies were determined. The characteristic frequency at T=Tc, ωc (q,k = 0), obeyed the 5/2 law predicted by scaling and with amplitudes for both EuO and EuS which are in remarkable agreement with the mode‐mode coupling calculation of Riedel and Wegner. Above Tc the ratio ωc(q,k)/ωc(q,k= 0) versus k/q displayed a pronounced minimum at k/q ≈︁ 1.5 as predicted by Resibois and Piette.
Light Scattering and Absolute Determination of the Compressibility of CCIF3 near the Critical Point
Authors: Schoenes Franz‐Jörg 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe isothermal compressibility of CCIF3 has been determined by a combination of turbidity and light scattering intensity measurements in the vicinity of the critical point and along the critical isochore to bemagnified imagefor the temperature range 3 · 10−4 ≤ (Tc · Tc)/Tc ≤ 5.5 · 10−2. The critical exponent of the compressibility agrees within the error limits with the results obtained on other one‐component systems, binary fluid mixtures and the three‐dimensional Ising model.
The Determination of the Critical Exponents v, y and η of the Binary Systems Decane‐Chlorex and Dodecane‐Chlorex by Light Scattering
Authors: Jaeckel K. , Majer U. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFrom our measurements we have obtained a mean value of η = 0.05. The reciprocal scattered intensity at the critical concentration extrapolated to zero angle follows the power‐law Ic,o−1 ∝[(T ‐ Tc)/Tcy]. We have found deviations from this power‐law in the temperature range [(T ‐ Tc)/Tc]≤ 3 ·10−5. These deviations may be explained by taking into account the uncertainty in the critical concentration with the help of the “pseudospinodal curve” concept, as proposed by Chu, Schoenes, and Fisher.
Character of the Rotational Movements in some Polar Liquids up to the Critical Region
Authors: Gerschel A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe orientational properties and rotational dynamics of some molecules have been studied over the whole liquid range through dielectric measurements. The gradual decrease of angular correlations between next neighbours is followed through the evolution of the static dielectric constant, meanwhile the increasing amplitude of the small angular oscillations (librations) appears in the far infra‐red spectra, and the decrease with increasing temperature of the dielectric relaxation time is measured in microwave. The outcome of these investigations is that isotropic gas‐like rotational motions appear from below the critical temperature. Therefore no kind of anomaly could be detected in the critical region.
Der Einfluß der Schwerkraft auf die Messung der inneren Energie und der isochoren Wärmekapazität in der Nähe des kritischen Zustands
Authors: Baehr H. D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMeßwerte der inneren Energie u und der isochoren Wärmekapazitat cv werden in der Nähe des kritischen Zustands durch die Schwerkraft erheblich beeinflußt. Aus diesem Grunde ist es bisher nicht möglich gewesen, den Charakter der Singularität von cv am kritischen Punkt eindeutig zu bestimmen. Über experimentelle und theoretische Arbeiten, die den Einfluß der Schwerkraft auf die Messung von u und cv zum Gegenstand haben, wird zusammenfassend berichtet.
Calculations of Phase Equilibria at High Pressure in the Critical Region
Authors: Peter S. , Wenzel H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Redlich‐Kwong equation of state was used to calculate vapour liquid equilibria of binary systems in which both components are in the vicinity of their critical points. The systems CO2‐H2S, n‐heptane‐C2H4, and benzene‐C2H6 were selected. Furthermore, an attempt was made to compute gas‐gas‐equilibria. Calculations on the systems NH3 ‐ N2, NH3 ‐Ar, and NH3 ‐ CH4 which exhibit gas‐gas‐equilibria of the second type provided a qualitative agreement with experiment. In the systems He ‐ CO2, He ‐ C2H4, and He ‐ Xe which form gas‐gas‐equilibria of the first type the calculations agree fairly well with experiment.
Selected Properties of Polar, Ionic and Metallic Fluids in the Supercritical Region
Authors: Franck E. U. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA survey is given of selected properties of polar, ionic and metallic fluids in critical and supercritical regions. New experimental data of the following properties and phenomena in this range are presented and discussed: The static dielectric constant of water, the infrared and Raman spectra of water, ion dissociation of water and ammonia, electrolytic conductance of supercritical bismuth trichloride, electronic conductance and metal‐nonmetal transition in dense gaseous metals.
Bladder malignancy as a cause of spontaneous bladder rupture: A systematic review
Authors: Da Huang Johnson , Shao Emily Ximin , Tham Chui Ming , Chung Eric , Rhee Handoo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo characterise cases of spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder in the context of bladder cancer.MethodsA systematic review was performed to characterise cases of spontaneous bladder rupture in patients with bladder cancer. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) system was utilised, with databases being searched for relevant cases. Patient characteristics were extracted, including age, sex, presenting signs and symptoms, management modalities, tumour histology and mortality.ResultsThirty cases were included. Seventeen (57%) were male, and the median age of presentation was 59. Abdominal pain and peritonism were the most common presenting symptoms, in 80% and 60% of patients, respectively. Most patients (n = 16, 53%) had urothelial cell carcinoma. Nine patients (30%) died during their initial hospitalisation.ConclusionSpontaneous bladder perforation in the context of bladder cancer is a rare cause of acute abdomen. The diagnosis is associated with high mortality, highlighting the aggressive nature of the malignancies that cause spontaneous bladder rupture. This raises important questions about the role of emergency cystectomy, the timing of systemic therapy and the appropriate involvement of palliative care.
Re‐examining the functioning of educational markets: Does the private‐subsidised sector contribute to school diversification?
Authors: Carrasco Alejandro , Gutiérrez Gabriel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article offers new empirical evidence regarding the limits of the premises of educational privatisation policies. Educational markets rely on the assumption that private participation has the potential to boost school diversification and open new educational opportunities for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Using a fresh empirical approach, we draw on the Chilean case to investigate this rationale, which remains a controversial issue in the global educational discussion regarding privatisation. We examine the assumption of diversification by analysing three aspects: the attributes used by private subsidised schools to position themselves in the educational market (‘Value Proposition’), the extent to which they embody these stated attributes and the alignment between them and parental preferences. Based on surveys and administrative records, our findings suggest that although schools display clear identities to position themselves in the educational market, there is also a mismatch between what some types of schools offer and what families receive. Our data also reveal a high level of social stratification between school types which cannot only be explained based on parental preferences or school admissions. We interpret the unfulfilled promise of diversification as a failure in the privatisation process. Based on these findings, we discuss the policy‐related factors of incoherent and unequal diversification in the Chilean educational system.
Downregulation of microRNA‐326 enhances ZNF322A expression, transcriptional activity and tumorigenic effects in lung cancer
Authors: Huang Shih‐Hsuan , Hsieh Hung‐Chia , Shieh Jiunn‐Min , Su Wou‐Chou , Wang Yi‐Ching 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZinc finger protein ZNF322A is an oncogenic transcription factor. Overexpression of ZNF322A activates pro‐metastasis, cancer stemness, and neo‐angiogenesis‐related genes to enhance lung cancer progression. However, the upstream regulator of ZNF322A is not well defined. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) can mediate cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion to promote tumorigenesis. Here, we uncover the mechanism of miRNA‐mediated transcriptional regulation in ZNF322A‐driven oncogenic events. ZNF322A harbors several putative miRNA‐binding sites in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR). We validated that miR‐326 downregulated ZNF322A‐3′‐UTR luciferase activity and mRNA expression. Furthermore, miR‐326 suppressed the expression of ZNF322A‐driven cancer‐associated genes such as cyclin D1 and alpha‐adducin. Reconstitution experiments by ectopic overexpression of ZNF322A abolished miR‐326‐suppressed cancer cell proliferation and cell migration capacity. Moreover, miR‐326 attenuated ZNF322A‐induced tumor growth and lung tumor metastasis in vivo. Clinically, the expression of miR‐326 negatively correlated with ZNF322A mRNA expression in surgically resected tissues from 120 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that NSCLC patients with low miR‐326/high ZNF322A profile showed poor overall survival. Our results reveal that the deregulated expression of miR‐326 leads to hyperactivation of ZNF322A‐driven oncogenic signaling. Targeting the miR‐326/ZNF322A axis would provide new therapeutic strategies for lung cancer patients.
Enthalpie et Entropie de Fusion du Polystyrolène Isotactique
Authors: Dedeurwaerder R. , Oth J. F. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractL'enthalpie ΔHu et l'entropie ΔSu de fusion du polystyrolène isotactique ont été déterminées à partir de mesures d'abaissements de la température de fusion que présente un échantillon donné quand on lui additionne des quantités variables d'un diluant. Les mesures faites avec la benzophénone et le phénanthréne conduisent aux résultats suivants: magnified image Les mesures montrent également que les deux diluants choisis sont de très bons solvants pour le polystyrolène.Le degré de cristallinité de l'échantillon de polystyrolène isotactique utilisé pour ces mesures est de l'ordre de 22,5%.
La Tension Superficielle A la Surface de Séparation de Deux Solutions non Miscibles
Authors: Bellemans A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLa tension superficielle à l'interface de deux solutions non miscibles est discutée sur la base du modèle des solutions strictement régulières, dans l'approximation du random mixing. La variation de la tension superficielle σ en fonction de la température T est approximativement linéaire dans le domaine 0.4 <T/Tc < 0.9:.où Tc est la température critique de démixtion du système. Au voisinage immédiat de celle‐ci, on a.cette modification de la forme analytique de σ est due à l'épaississement rapide de la couche interfaciale lorsque T tend vers Tc.
Action Comparée des Organomagnésiens et des Organocadmiques sur des Chlorures D'acides Aromatiques Substitués en Ortho II. Chlorures des Acides O. Formyl‐, O. Acétyl‐ et O. Benzoylbenzoiques
Authors: Renson M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNous avons déterminé par spectrographie infra‐rouge la structure des acides o.formyl‐, o.acétyl‐ et o.benzoyl‐benzoïques, ainsi que celle de leurs chlorures.Par action de ces derniers avec les dérivés organocadmiques, on obtient des phtalides mono‐ ou di‐substituées. L'action des organomagnésiens est plus complexe et donne avec les chlorures des deux premiers acides des dérivés des phtalides correspondantes. Par contre le chlorure de l'acide o.benzoyl‐benzoïque donne au moins dans un cas une dicétone dérivant de sa forme normale. Ces réactions sont discutées en relation avec les propriétés antérieurement connues du chlorure d'acide de l'aspirine.
Ingredient branding for medicinal and aromatic plants: An alternative branding strategy to ensure differentiation and suppliers empowerment
Authors: Chandra Pramod 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIndian medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are globally known for their unique medicinal properties. However, due to limited strategic marketing and branding interventions in the sector, the MAPs are sold as commodities across markets, and intermediaries typically control the market mechanism of these resources. Consequently, the baseline suppliers of the sector remain relegated in the whole MAP business value chain. To address the inequalities of the existing Indian MAP business and enable suppliers to play an inclusive role in the country's MAP business value chain, this article attempts to conceptualize an ingredient branding strategy for the MAP resources and offers two strategic options. With a constructivist philosophical approach, conceptual methodology synthesizes related concepts and theories and offers the ingredient branding strategy for Indian MAP resources. The critical contribution of the article lies in its ability to reflect on a brand ecosystem framework and two strategic options for MAP ingredient branding.
The purpose of the company beyond its position in the market: The new agent of social development
Authors: Rodrich‐Portugal Rolando , Marino‐Jiménez Mauro , Mayurí‐Aguilar Guillermo , Abad‐Neyra Sue Anna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of companies as profit generators has been questioned because of the relationship between strategy and results in the recent systemic crises. Therefore, it is necessary to implement strategies that allow economic sustainability, based on a better relationship with society and the environment. This means turning companies into agents for the development and protection of the community, as well as building trust for their own stakeholders. This article analyzes the bases for the consolidation of a purpose related to these principles, using system thinking for the integrated participation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This strategy allows replicability based on archetypes that explain dynamic relationships in organizations, with the flexibility and openness required to adapt to different contexts.
Disparities in the use of colorectal cancer screening in a universally insured population during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Munigala Satish , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Mani Vivitha , Banaag Amanda , Umoh Ada , Coles Christian L. , Koehlmoos Tracey Perez 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the known efficacy of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, the rates of individuals undergoing such testing have remained lower than target thresholds, even prior to the healthcare disruptions associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic. We evaluated the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on CRC screening within a nationally representative US population and assessed disparities in screening across racial/ethnic groups and socioeconomic (SES) strata.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cross‐sectional study using all eligible TRICARE beneficiaries aged 45–64 years between FY 2018 and 2021. High‐risk individuals, those with a previous or current CRC diagnosis, and/or a personal/family history of colonic polyps, were excluded. The pre‐COVID‐19 period (September 1, 2018–March 31, 2020) was compared to the COVID‐19 period (April 1, 2020–September 30, 2021). Secondary analyses were performed, evaluating the interaction between the COVID‐19 time period, race, and our proxy for socioeconomic status.ResultsDuring the study period, we identified 1,749,688 eligible individuals. Following the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, CRC screening overall decreased from 34% in the pre‐pandemic period to 30% following the onset of the pandemic (p < 0.001). This finding persisted even after adjusting for confounders in multivariable analysis (odds ratio [OR] for the pandemic timeframe: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.31; p < 0.001). In the setting of SES, in the pandemic period, the odds of individuals from both Senior Enlisted (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.56) and Junior Enlisted sponsor ranks (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.30) were diminished as compared to Senior Officers.Conclusions and RelevanceWe found a 21% reduction in the odds of CRC screening in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Reductions in colonoscopies and other types of screening tests were not offset by changes in the use of at‐home tests such as Cologuard.