bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untangling the evolution of soldier beetles (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) and the evaluation of the morphological phylogenetic signal in a soft‐bodied elateroid lineage
Authors: Motyka Michal , Kusy Dominik , Biffi Gabriel , Geiser Michael , Kazantsev Sergey V. , Bilkova Renata , Jahodarova Eva , Vogler Alfried P. , Bocak Ladislav 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study addresses the long‐standing uncertainty about the internal classification of soldier beetles (Elateroidea: Cantharidae). Four datasets were compiled and analysed: 66 genes for 14 terminals, 15 mtDNA genes for 79 terminals, one mtDNA and two rRNA genes for 217 terminals, and barcodes for 576 terminals. Based on congruent topologies, Chauliognathinae is proposed as a sister to the remaining Cantharidae, followed by the redefined Malthininae (including Tytthonyxini), the paraphyletic “dysmorphocerine” lineages (Dysmorphocerinaesensu strictoand Heteromastiginae subfam. nov.), and Silinae + Cantharinae as a terminal clade. The present phylogeny supersedes earlier morphology and short‐fragment molecular hypotheses that have not converged on a consensus. Few morphological characters corroborate the DNA‐based relationships (see the adults and larval keys). However, morphology‐based hypotheses have relied on a few informative characters, and no evidence strongly rejects the preferred molecular topology. The interpretation of morphological characters and uncertain polarity resulting from the high phenotypic disparity of Elateroidea are discussed in detail. The dated phylogeny hypothesizes the earliest split within the Cantharidae in the Berriasian stage (Early Cretaceous, ~141 Myr) and the diversification of most extant subfamilies and tribes already in the Late Cretaceous. The most diverse subfamily, Cantharinae, represents a delayed radiation that started during the Eocene climatic optimum, 55.5 Myr. The late origin of Cantharinae questions the classification of Cretaceous Cantharidae as members of Cantharinae. Instead, the results suggest their deeper rooting after separating from dysmorphocerine lineages and before the node between Cantharinae and Silinae.
Improving the science and practice of using artificial roosts for bats
Authors: Crawford Reed D. , O'Keefe Joy M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWorldwide, artificial bat roosts (e.g., bat boxes, bark mimics, bat condos) are routinely deployed for conservation, mitigation, and community engagement. However, scant attention has been paid to developing best practices for the use of artificial roosts as conservation tools. Although bats readily occupy artificial roosts, occupancy and abundance data are misleading indicators of habitat quality. Lacking information on bat behavior, health, and fitness in artificial roosts, their conservation efficacy cannot be adequately validated. We considered the proximal and ultimate factors, such as evolutionarily reliable cues, that may prompt bats to preferentially use and show fidelity to suboptimal artificial roosts even when high‐quality alternatives are available. Possible negative health and fitness consequences for artificial roost inhabitants include exposure to unstable and extreme microclimates in poorly designed roosts, and vulnerability to larger numbers of ectoparasites in longer lasting artificial roosts that house larger bat colonies than in natural roosts. Bats using artificial roosts may have lower survival rates if predators have easy access to roosts placed in conspicuous locations. Bats may be lured into occupying low‐quality habitats if attractive artificial roosts are deployed on polluted urban and agricultural landscapes. To advance the science behind artificial bat roosts, we present testable research hypotheses and suggestions to improve the quality of artificial roosts for bats and decrease risks to occupants. Because continued loss of natural roosts may increase reliance on alternatives, such as artificial roosts, it is imperative that this conservation practice be improved.
High grade urothelial carcinoma in kidney transplant patients with a history of BK viremia – Just a coincidence?
Authors: Cannon Emma , Ntala Chara , Joss Nicola , Rahilly Maeve , Metcalfe Wendy , O'Donnell Marie , Phelan Paul J 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionKidney transplant recipients (KTR) have a three‐to‐four‐fold increased risk of developing urothelial carcinoma (UC) compared to the general population. BK polyoma virus (BKV) infection is known to affect approximately 15% of KTR. In vitro models support a potential pathogenic role for BKV in the development of UC. We describe a series of UC in kidney transplant recipients.MethodsElectronic patient records were searched to identify KTR with UC who had undergone kidney only or simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation in a single UK center between 2009 and 2015. Where available, stored pathological samples were retrieved, re‐examined and stained for SV40 as a marker of BKV using standard staining protocols for kidney biopsy samples.ResultsFourteen KTR had developed UC post‐transplant. Of these, 10 KTR had a history of BKV infection post‐transplant. Six of these 10 KTR developed a rare micropapillary tumor subtype of UC which is typically only found in <1% of UC cases. All six micropapillary tumor samples stained positive for SV40, including samples from metastases. Three tumor samples were available from the four KTR with no history of BKV infection and were not micropapillary subtype and were negative for SV40. Three micropapillary tumors from immunocompetent patients were examined as controls and were negative for SV40.ConclusionsThese findings would support a pathogenic role for BK virus in the development of rare micropapillary subtype urothelial tumors in the kidney transplant population.
Transcriptional repressor GATA binding 1 (TRPS1) immunoexpression in normal skin tissues and various cutaneous tumors
Authors: Taniguchi Kohei , Goto Keisuke , Yabushita Hiroki , Yamasaki Rie , Ichimura Koichi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTranscriptional repressor GATA binding 1 (TRPS1) is a transcription factor recently shown to play a role in the development of breast and liver cancer. Here, we evaluate TRPS1 immunoexpression in normal skin tissues and various cutaneous tumors.MethodsTRPS1 immunohistochemistry was performed in 109 cases of primary cutaneous tumors and 19 cases of metastatic carcinomas. TRPS1 expression was also evaluated in the normal skin tissues.ResultsThe normal epidermis was TRPS1−. In contrast, the eccrine apparatus, epithelial compartment of the hair follicles, hair papilla, sebaceous glands, and anogenital mammary‐like glands were TRPS1+. In primary cutaneous tumors, TRPS1 positivity varied in poroma (2/3), nodular hidradenoma (4/5), spiradenoma (4/4), cutaneous mixed tumor (5/5), trichilemmal cyst (7/8), proliferating trichilemmal tumor (1/3), pilomatricoma (9/9), sebaceoma (2/5), extramammary Paget disease (13/13), sebaceous carcinoma (2/2), actinic keratosis (3/10), Bowen disease (7/12), and squamous cell carcinoma (1/5) cases. All cases of seborrheic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma were TRPS1−. All metastatic breast carcinoma cases (8/8) were highly positive for TRPS1, while all but one of the other metastatic tumor cases were TRPS1−.ConclusionsTRPS1 immunoexpression was observed in several skin appendages and cutaneous tumors.
Prognostic value of baseline metabolic tumor volume (MTV) for forecasting chemotherapy outcome in early‐stage unfavorable Hodgkin lymphoma: Data from the phase III HD17 trial
Authors: van Heek Lutz , Weindler Jasmin , Gorniak Claudia , Kaul Helen , Müller Horst , Mettler Jasmin , Baues Christian , Fuchs Michael , Borchmann Peter , Ferdinandus Justin , Dietlein Markus , Voltin Conrad‐Amadeus , Kobe Carsten , Roth Katrin S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe prognostic relevance of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) having recently been demonstrated in patients with early‐stage favorable and advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma. The current study aimed to assess the potential prognostic value of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in early‐stage unfavorable Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated within the German Hodgkin Study Group HD17 trial.Methods18F‐FDG PET/CT images were available for MTV analysis in 154 cases. We used three different threshold methods (SUV2.5, SUV4.0, and SUV41%) to calculate MTV. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic analysis was performed to describe the value of these parameters in predicting an adequate therapy response. Therapy response was evaluated as PET negativity after 2 cycles of eBEACOPP followed by 2 cycles of ABVD.ResultsAll three threshold methods analyzed for MTV showed a positive correlation with the PET response after chemotherapy. Areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.70 (95% CI 0.53–0.87) and 0.65 (0.50–0.80) using the fixed thresholds of SUV4.0 and SUV2.5, respectively, for MTV‐ calculation. The calculation of MTV using a relative threshold of SUV41% showed an AUC of 0.63 (0.47–0.79).ConclusionsMTV does have predictive value after chemotherapy in early‐stage unfavorable Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly when the fixed threshold of SUV4.0 is used for MTV calculation.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01356680.
Prospective follow‐up study of youth and adults with onset of functional tic‐like behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Nilles Christelle , Szejko Natalia , Martino Davide , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeVery little is known about the long‐term prognosis of patients with functional tic‐like behaviours (FTLBs). We sought to characterize the trajectory of symptom severity over a 12‐month period.MethodsPatients with FTLBs were included in our prospective longitudinal child and adult clinical tic disorder registries at the University of Calgary. Patients were prospectively evaluated 6 and 12 months after their first clinical visit. Tic inventories and severity were measured with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS).ResultsEighty‐three youths and adults with FTLBs were evaluated prospectively until April 2023. Mean YGTSS total tic severity scores were high at baseline, with a mean score of 29.8 points (95% confidence interval [CI] = 27.6–32.1). Fifty‐eight participants were reevaluated at 6 months, and 32 participants were reevaluated at 12 months. The YGTSS total tic severity score decreased significantly from the first clinical visit to 6 months (raw mean difference = 8.9 points, 95% CI = 5.1–12.7, p < 0.0001), and from 6 to 12 months (raw mean difference = 6.4 points, 95% CI = 0.8–12.0, p = 0.01). Multivariable linear regression demonstrated that tic severity at initial presentation and the presence of other functional neurological symptoms were associated with higher YGTSS total tic scores at 6 months, whereas younger age at baseline, receiving cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and/or depression, and prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were associated with lower YGTSS total tic scores at 6 months.ConclusionsWe observed a meaningful improvement in tic severity scores in youth and adults with FTLBs over a period of 6–12 months.
Genetic influences on epilepsy outcomes: A whole‐exome sequencing and health care records data linkage study
Authors: Fonferko‐Shadrach Beata , Lacey Arron S. , Strafford Huw , Jones Carys , Baker Mark , Powell Robert , Akbari Ashley , Lyons Ronan A. , Ford David , Thompson Simon , Jones Kerina H. , Chung Seo‐Kyung , Pickrell William O. , Rees Mark I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to develop a novel pathway linking genetic data with routinely collected data for people with epilepsy, and to analyze the influence of rare, deleterious genetic variants on epilepsy outcomes.MethodsWe linked whole‐exome sequencing (WES) data with routinely collected primary and secondary care data and natural language processing (NLP)‐derived seizure frequency information for people with epilepsy within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. The study participants were adults who had consented to participate in the Swansea Neurology Biobank, Wales, between 2016 and 2018. DNA sequencing was carried out as part of the Epi25 collaboration. For each individual, we calculated the total number and cumulative burden of rare and predicted deleterious genetic variants and the total of rare and deleterious variants in epilepsy and drug metabolism genes. We compared these measures with the following outcomes: (1) no unscheduled hospital admissions versus unscheduled admissions for epilepsy, (2) antiseizure medication (ASM) monotherapy versus polytherapy, and (3) at least 1 year of seizure freedom versus <1 year of seizure freedom.ResultsWe linked genetic data for 107 individuals with epilepsy (52% female) to electronic health records. Twenty‐six percent had unscheduled hospital admissions, and 70% were prescribed ASM polytherapy. Seizure frequency information was linked for 100 individuals, and 10 were seizure‐free. There was no significant difference between the outcome groups in terms of the exome‐wide and gene‐based burden of rare and deleterious genetic variants.SignificanceWe successfully uploaded, annotated, and linked genetic sequence data and NLP‐derived seizure frequency data to anonymized health care records in this proof‐of‐concept study. We did not detect a genetic influence on real‐world epilepsy outcomes, but our study was limited by a small sample size. Future studies will require larger (WES) data to establish genetic variant contribution to epilepsy outcomes.
Risk analysis of China's financial market collapse based on cloud computing and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Ning Fuxian , Jin Jiahui , Zhang Lingling , Wang Da 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, with the rapid advancement of hardware and software algorithms, information technology has penetrated every aspect of our lives, creating waves of digital transformation in enterprises represented by four underlying technologies, namely: ‘artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, and blockchain’. As a result, digital technology has emerged as the primary force behind industrial transformation and upgrading, as well as high‐quality development. Using the data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A‐share listed companies from 2007 to 2020, this paper empirically examines the impact of the digital transformation of listed companies on their stock price crash risk and its mechanism using a two‐way fixed effect model with time and individual effects. It can be seen from the research results that, overall, enterprise digital transformation can significantly reduce the risk of a stock price crash. Further analysis reveals that this risk‐inhibiting effect is more apparent for private enterprises and small and medium‐sized enterprises. In terms of impact mechanism, digital transformation can reduce the risk of a stock price crash by improving the quality of enterprise information internally, while the more analysts pay attention to an issue, the more obvious the role of digital transformation in reducing the risk of a stock price crash for enterprises externally. However, it is worth noting that if the stock price of an enterprise crashes, blindly implementing digital transformation may increase the crash risk. The paper illustrates the practical importance of digital technology from the perspective of enterprises in stabilizing the crash risk of stock prices and improving the performance of the capital market. Meanwhile, it contributes to theoretical research on the impact of digital transformation on microeconomic entities and provides practical knowledge and evidence for enterprises to accelerate digital transformation.
Effectiveness of deep learning in early‐stage oral cancer detections and classification using histogram of oriented gradients
Authors: Dutta Chiranjit , Sandhya Prasad , Vidhya Kandasamy , Rajalakshmi Ramanathan , Ramya Devasahayam , Madhubabu Kotakonda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEarly detection of oral cancer (OC) improves survival prospects. Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining popularity in diagnostic medicine. Oral cancer is a primary global health concern, accounting for 177,384 deaths in 2018; most cases occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Automated disease identification in the oral cavity may be facilitated by the ability to identify both possibly and definite malignant lesions. This study aimed to examine the evidence currently available on the effectiveness of AI in diagnosing OC. They highlighted the ability of AI to analyse and identify the early stages of OC. Furthermore, radial basis function networks (RBFN) were employed to develop automated systems to generate intricate patterns for this challenging operation. The stochastic gradient descent algorithm (SGDA) selected the model parameters that best matched the predicted and observed results. It can be used. The initial data was collected for this study to evaluate. Two deep learning‐based computer vision algorithms have been developed to recognize and categorize oral lesions, which is necessary for the early detection of oral cancer. Several examples of HoG include the Canny edge detector, SIFT (scale invariant and feature transform), and SIFT (scale invariant and feature transform). In computer vision and image processing, it is used to find objects. We investigated the potential uses of deep learning‐based computer vision techniques in oral cancer and the viability of an automated system for OC recognition based on photographic images. That made calculations to determine the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curve areas across all validation datasets, including internal, external, and clinical validation (AUC). The RBFN‐SDC model outperformed all others. For 1000 data points, the accuracy of the RBFN‐SDC model is 99.99%, while the accuracy of the R‐CNN, CNN, DCNN, and SVM models is 91.54%, 90.14%, 93.89%, and 94.87%, respectively.
Understanding the effect of nano‐zirconia on the compressive fatigue performance of cementitious composites
Authors: Li Linwei , Wang Xinyue , Qiu Liangsheng , Aslani Farhad , Han Baoguo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe fatigue performance of cementitious composites that affects the service life of structures is particularly sensitive to the initial defects in cementitious matrix and interfacial transition zone. Nano‐ZrO2 (NZ), characterized by high strength and toughness as well as good dispersibility, can improve the compactness of cementitious composites. This paper investigated the modifying effect and mechanisms of NZ on the compressive fatigue performance of cementitious composites, including fatigue life, strength, and deformation behaviors. The experimental results show that adding NZ extends the fatigue life of cementitious composites by an order of magnitude and increases the fatigue failure strain by 11.9%. The microstructural analysis verifies that NZ can deflect the fatigue micro‐cracks, fill the micro‐pores and reduce the growth space of CH crystal size. The modified microstructures potentially lead to fatigue of cementitious composites starting from generating more nano‐cracks in both cementitious matrix and interfacial transition zone, thereby improving the fatigue performance of the composites.
Creating a new pathway for change in the military using gender as process
Authors: Williams Jessica , Yates Sophie , Connor James 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMilitaries have consistently struggled to integrate women into the profession of arms despite concerted, decades‐long attempts at reform. We argue that this patchy progress is due in part to a conceptualization of gender as “category”, which has limited power to explain gendered inequalities. We propose that gender as process approaches must also be used to understand the current state of gender relations within militaries. A gender as process approach recognizes the dynamic, enduring, and complex set of gendered practices and systems that affect everyday interactions and social relations. Using this frame, militaries can develop an understanding of how these processes operate—particularly, as a form of resistance to gender equality in these “extremely gendered organizations”—and can develop improved strategies for change. We use the Australian Defence Force as our case study to illustrate how gender as category approaches dominate reform attempts and how the gender as process approach offers new insights on how to promote gender equality in the military.
Anticholinergic medications associated with falls and frailty in people with HIV
Authors: Doctor Jessica , Winston Alan , Vera Jaime H. , Post Frank A. , Boffito Marta , Mallon Patrick W. G. , Anderson Jane , Prechtl Christina , Williams Ian , Johnson Margaret , Bagkeris Emmanouil , Sachikonye Memory , Sabin Caroline A. ,   for the POPPY Study
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnticholinergic medications (ACMs) are associated with poorer age‐related outcomes, including falls and frailty. We investigate associations between ACM use and recurrent falls and frailty among older (aged ≥50 years) people with HIV in the POPPY study.MethodsAnticholinergic potential of co‐medications at study entry was coded using the anticholinergic burden score, anticholinergic risk score, and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network score; drugs scoring ≥1 on any scale were defined as ACM. Associations with recurrent falls (two or more falls in the previous 28 days) and frailty (modified Fried's) were assessed using logistic regression adjusting for (1) possible demographic/lifestyle confounders and (2) clinical factors and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9).ResultsACM use was reported by 193 (28%) of 699 participants, with 64 (9%) receiving two or more ACM; commonly prescribed ACMs were codeine (12%), citalopram (12%), loperamide (9%), and amitriptyline (7%). Falls were reported in 63/673 (9%), and 126/609 (21%) met the frailty criteria. Both recurrent falls and frailty were more common in ACM users than in non‐users (recurrent falls: 17% in users vs. 6% in non‐users, p < 0.001; frailty: 32% vs. 17%, respectively, p < 0.001). Use of two or more ACMs was associated with increased odds of falls after adjustment for demographic/lifestyle factors (odds ratio [OR] 4.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.06–9.98) and for clinical factors (OR 3.58; 95% CI 1.37–9.38). Similar albeit weaker associations were seen with frailty (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.09–4.70 and OR 2.12; 95% CI 0.89–5.0, respectively).ConclusionsACM are commonly prescribed for people living with HIV, and evidence exists for an association with recurrent falls and frailty. Clinicians should be alert to this and reduce ACM exposure where possible.
Experimental study on the effect of ceramic properties on failure behavior of composite armor
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Han Zhiyun , Yu Yilei , Jiang Zhaoxiu , Gao Guangfa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeveral commonly used ceramics in ballistic protection were compared in terms of ballistic resistance and failure behavior, including alumina (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC), boron carbide (B4C), and silicon nitride (Si3N4). Hybrid ceramic ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene composite armors were impacted by 12.7 mm armor‐piercing incendiary projectiles, with a velocity of around 490 m/s. Moreover, there was a layer of aramid fabric composite covering on the impacted side of the ceramic plate. These composite armors were paneled with four different types of ceramics as faceplates and had the same sizes. The ballistic test results show that B4C ceramic provides the worst protection performance, and SiC provides the best protection performance. The angles of ceramic cones formed by different ceramic plates under the same impact load are different, SiC is the widest and Al2O3 is the narrowest. Numerical simulation shows that several ceramic composite targets have the same resistance to the projectile at the pit stage. The fragment mass was quantified by using the screening method, and the results show that the Schumann distribution is more consistent with the experimental results.