bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatically detecting stereotyped behaviors from surveillance videos of zoos and animal reserves for captive animal welfare
Authors: Yin Zixuan , Zhao Yaqin , Xu Zhihao , Yu Qiuping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Animal welfare plays the importance role in protecting the ecological environment, developing the animal industry, and regulating the human-animal relationship and maintaining the balance of species and ecosystems. Unfortunately, captive animals often suffer from poor welfare due to their long-term confinement in small and narrow environment, resulting in depressive and stereotyped behaviors such as repetitive running or pacing. Early detection and intervention of these behaviors contribute to improve the captive animal welfare. However, the traditional methods on manually observing and analyzing animal behaviors are labor-intensive and require specialized personnel. In recent years, many zoos and animal reserves are equipped with video surveillance systems, which can be conveniently used for animal behaviour analysis, but most research on the animal behaviour is reported for domestic animal. In this paper, we propose the novel method utilizing the videos from surveillance systems to automatically track and recognize animals’ stereotyped behaviors. Our approach employs a novel target tracking method based on Siamese relation network, which can accurately track target animals in complex environments and distinguish different individuals. We then identify the stereotyped behaviors by counting the cycle number that an animal repeats similar motion trajectories, such as repeatedly running around a similar circular trajectory. The experiments are conducted on the video datasets including three kinds of moving trajectories. The experimental results show that can accurately detect the cycle number of the repeated trajectories to recognized wild animal stereotypes.
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory response in patients with cancer and precancerous lesions: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Authors: Gwenzi Tafirenyika , Zhu Anna , Schrotz-King Petra , Schöttker Ben , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Inflammation plays a key role in tumor development and progression. Vitamin D has potential tumor suppressing effects through modulation of inflammatory processes. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to summarize and evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation (VID3S) on serum inflammatory biomarkers among patients with cancer or pre-cancerous lesions (PROSPERO Reg #: CRD42022295694).
Methods
We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane databases until November 2022. The effects of VID3S were estimated from pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for inflammatory biomarker follow-up levels between intervention and control groups. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and quality assessment of included studies was conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.
Results
Eight RCTs with a total of 592 patients who had cancer or pre-cancerous conditions were included in the meta-analyses. VID3S significantly lowered serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [SMD (95%CI): -1.65 (-3.07; -0.24)]. VID3S also reduced serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) but the effects did not reach statistical significance [SMD (95%CI): -0.83 (-1.78; 0.13) and − 0.09 (-0.35; 0.16), respectively]. VID3S did not have any effect on IL-10 serum levels [SMD (95%CI): 0.00 (-0.50; 0.49)].
Conclusions
Our study shows evidence of a significant reduction of TNF-α levels by VID3S for patients with cancer or precancerous lesions. Patients with cancer or precancerous lesions may benefit from personalized VID3S in suppressing tumour-promoting inflammatory response.
WITHDRAWN: Research on spatial distribution and accessibility of public sports venues in Shanghai based on GIS
Authors: Yang Jiankang , oh Eung-soo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Participating in sports activities plays a crucial role in improving the health of urban residents. Public sports venues (PSVs) are the main venues where urban residents can participate in sports activities, and their number and distribution significantly affect residents’ participation in sports activities. This paper focuses on the research area of Shanghai, the most economically developed city in China, to investigate and analyze residential areas and PSVs in Shanghai. The geographic information systems (GIS) visualization technique, as well as analytical indicators like mean center, standard deviational ellipse and kernel density, are used to examine the distribution of PSVs in residential areas of Shanghai. The results show that: 1. The density of PSV distribution is larger in the seven major central districts and smaller in suburban districts; changes in distribution density present a “cliff fall” along an extension towards the suburban districts; PSV is also unevenly distributed across different suburban districts, with remote areas having a significantly smaller distribution density; there is an uneven spatial distribution of PSVs in Shanghai. 2. The 15-minute walking accessibility is basically achievable in the seven central districts of Shanghai, as opposed to poorer performance in the indicator in suburban districts. The following suggestions are made: 1. Construction of public sports amenities in central districts should shift towards inventory optimization and in the meantime, the construction of public transport networks between central districts and suburban districts should be enhanced. 2. Urban renewal should be promoted. Construction can be focused on urban fringe areas with sophisticated transport and central suburban districts. 3. Schools should be encouraged to open their sports stadiums to the public, thus filling up the void of PSVs in Shanghai.
Enzyme-Aided Treatment of Fruit Juice: A Review
Authors: Pui Liew Phing , Saleena Lejaniya Abdul Kalam 
Published: March 2023

Enzymatic treatment is a common method of fruit juice production that facilitates juice extraction from plant cells. The choice of enzyme depends on the fruit composition. Pectinase and cellulase are the most popular enzymes while amylase remains less wide-spread. For some raw materials, enzymatic procedures are more efficient than mechanical comminution or thermal processing. The fruit juice industry uses enzymes for streamlining. Enzymes maximize juice extraction from raw materials and improve such processes as pressing, solid settling, and solid removal. Juices that underwent enzymatic treatment are clear and, as a result, more aesthetically appealing to consumers.
The review covered the most recent and influential publications on the enzyme treatment of fruit juices (2000–2021). The list of enzymes included pectinase, cellulase, and amylase. The research included the factors that affect the juice fermentation process, i.e., hydromodule, enzyme concentration, incubation time, temperature, and enzyme combination. The methods included data extraction, data analysis, and data compilation, as well as literature search and screening.
The review focuses on the effects that individual parameters have on specific responses, e.g., yield, viscosity, total soluble solids, acidity, turbidity, clarity, pigment concentration, phenolic content, color, and solids. A greater enzyme concentration, incubation time, and temperature decrease the viscosity of juice and turbidity but cause color changes. If used in different combinations and at different concentrations, enzymes boost the production of bael pulp, banana, sapodilla, durian, pawpaw, grape, white pitaya, and water melon juices. A longer incubation period improves the production of bael pulp, citron, date, and pawpaw juices. However, higher incubation temperatures seem to have no positive effect on the juice yield. Cellulases, pectinases, amylases, and their combinations are able to produce more fruit juice of higher quality with a more favorable time-temperature combination of incubation.
The optimal enzyme concentration, incubation time, and temperature can increase the juice yield. Therefore, enzymatic treatment is an effective method that ensures favorable properties of the finished product.
Extracting Hydrophilic Components from Pomegranate Peel and Pulp
Authors: Hafizov Samir , Musina Olga , Hafizov Gharib 
Published: March 2023

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) processing focuses on the extraction of polyphenols from peel. However, pomegranate peel is also rich in other biologically active water-soluble components, and their commercial extraction remains understudied. The research objective was to evaluate the degree of extraction of hydrophilic substances, such as simple sugars, organic acids, and polyphenols, from raw pomegranate peel and pulp under different experimental conditions in order to select the optimal extraction parameters.
The study featured pomegranates of the Iridanaly variety (Geokchay, Azerbaijan). Raw peel and pulp were crushed to the state of a coarse gruel. Extraction occurred by maceration at a hydromodulus of 1:2 and a temperature of 40 or 60°C with pure water and aqueous ethanol solutions (10–14 % vol.). The process lasted 30, 60, or 90 min in one or two stages with separate extraction at each stage. The research involved standard physicochemical methods.
In 31.0 ± 2.0 g/100 g of dry peel, the hydrophilic fraction accounted for 85.32%; in 35.7 ± 2.8 g/100 g of dry pulp, it was 59.36%. Only 54.6% solids were extracted from raw peel after 30 min of extraction with pure water at a hydromodulus of 1:2 and 60°C. Pomegranate peel contained hydrophilic colloids, which caused water absorption and reduced the yield. The optimal extraction included an aqueous solution of ethanol with an ethanol concentration of 10–14 % vol. and two thirty-minute stages. The coagulating effect of ethyl alcohol on water-soluble pectin made it possible to increase the degree of extraction of water-soluble substances to 83.93 and 91.4% of their initial content in raw peel and raw pulp, respectively. Such extraction yielded 4 kg of mixed extract from 1 kg of raw pulp. The extract was boiled under vacuum and yielded 260 g of concentrate with 60 wt.% solids, including 46.70 g/100 g simple sugars, 4.73 g/100 g organic acids, 3.70 g/100 g polyphenols, and 10.10 mg/100 g vitamin C.
The extraction of raw pomegranate peel and pulp with aqueous ethanol (10–14 % vol.) provided the maximal degree of extraction of hydrophilic substances and facilitated the separation of the resulting extracts. However, strong alcohol solutions may increase the cost of distillation of alcohol from the extract. To eliminate this shortcoming, the extraction can be carried out with pure water and a pectolytic enzyme.
Hybrid Gel as a Substitute for Hard Fats in Confectionery
Authors: Kutsenkova Vasilissa , Nepovinnykh Nataliia , Yeganehzad Samira 
Published: March 2023

The World Health Organization recommends reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids. However, a direct replacement of solid fats with liquid oils affects the technological and consumer properties of food. The research objective was to develop a hybrid gel with a dense structure based on oleogel and hydrogel to replace saturated fats in semi-finished confectionery products.
The study featured samples of oleogel from sunflower oil and beeswax at a concentration of 10, 15, and 20% and hybrid gels prepared by mixing the oleogel with a 2% aqueous solution of sodium alginate at ratios of 99:1, 95:5, and 90:10. The samples were tested for strength, adhesive power, viscosity index, consistency, and Young modulus using a TA-XT Plus texture analyzer (Stable Micro Systems Ltd., UK). The water activity was studied using a water activity analyzer LabMaster (Novasina, Lab Master, Switzerland).
The oleogel samples with wax concentrations of 20 and 15% demonstrated good adhesive strength. The best hybrid gel was the oleogel with 20% wax at the ratio of 95:5 to hydrogel. This ratio resulted in a considerable gel strength (≤ 408.222) while maintaining a dense and uniform texture (Young modulus ≤ 17.05) for a long time. The oleogels had low moisture content (Aw = 0.6 ± 0). The shelf life at 4–10°C was 6 months. The samples had good sensory properties, i.e., clear taste and smell, strong uniform structure and consistency, etc. The paper introduces a formulation for a semi-finished confectionery product with a hybrid gel instead of 30% cocoa butter substitute.
Hybrid gels can be recommended as a substitute for cocoa butter or confectionery fats to reduce the amount of saturated and trans fatty acids. Such a replacement improves the consumer properties of semi-finished and finished products.
Comparison of data-driven methods in the prediction of hydro-socioeconomic parameters
Authors: Rezaee Alireza , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Chu Xuefeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne of the weaknesses of water resources management is the neglect of the nonstructural aspects that involve the most important relationships between water resources and socioeconomic parameters. Particularly, socioeconomic evaluation for different regions is crucial before implementing water resources management policies. To address this issue, 14 countries in the world that have continuous increasing trends of using renewable water per capita (RWPC) during 1998–2017 were used for the estimation of eight socioeconomic parameters associated with four key indicators (i.e., economy, demographics, technology communication, and health sanitation) by using four different data-driven methods, including artificial neural networks, support vector machines (SVMs), gene expression programming (GEP), and wavelet-gene expression programming (WGEP). The performances of the models were evaluated by using correlation coefficient (R), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). It was found that the WGEP model had the best performance in estimating all parameters. The mathematical expressions for these socioeconomic parameters were explored and their potential to be expanded in different spatial and temporal dimensions was assessed. The derived equations provide a quantitative means for the future estimation of the socioeconomic parameters in the studied countries.
Optimization of the geometry of double-chamber basin-type passive solar stills to maximize yield
Authors: Mwanzia Kelvin Mutevu , Ondimu Stephen , Ajwang Patrick 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeveloping countries require simple low-technology methods to desalinate drinking water. Passive solar stills are an example of a simple low-technology innovation that can desalinate saline water for small populations. Compared to single-chamber solar stills, double-chamber solar stills have the potential of increasing the yield of solar stills due to an increased condensation surface area. An experiment was carried out to determine the optimal angle of double-chamber solar stills. The set-up comprised double-chamber solar stills with angles of 10°, 20°, 30° and 40°, with a control set-up of a 20° single-chamber solar still. The experiment was conducted in January 2022 at Juja in Kiambu County, Kenya. The double-chamber solar stills comprised an evaporation chamber and a condensation chamber. The dimensions of the chambers were 0.5 m × 0.5 m with a height of 0.25 m. The main assumptions were that there existed steady-state conditions and that the solar still was leakproof. The research found that the 40° double-chamber solar still had the highest yield of 3.756 l/m2/day and the 10° double-chamber solar still had the least yield of 1.644 l/m2/day. Comparing the 20° double-chamber still and the 20° single-chamber still (control), the double-chamber solar still had a higher external efficiency.
On-site treatment of hospital wastewater in a full-scale treatment plant in Germany: SARS-CoV-2 and treatment performance
Authors: Haeusser Sarah , Weber Martin , Mauer Christian , Linnemann Volker , Pfannstiel Anna , Pinnekamp Johannes , Wintgens Thomas , Klümper Claudia , Beier Silvio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The separate, advanced treatment of hospital wastewater might be a promising approach to prevent the dissemination of residual compounds of high environmental concern, like pharmaceuticals, viruses and pathogenic microorganisms. This study investigates the performance of a full-scale, on-site treatment plant, consisting of a membrane bioreactor and a subsequent ozonation, at a German hospital. We analysed the elimination of pharmaceutical residues, microbiological parameters and SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments. Additionally, we conducted an orienting study on the practicability of implementing targeted wastewater monitoring at a hospital. Our results demonstrate that after 10 years of stable operation, the treatment plant works highly efficiently regarding the elimination of pharmaceuticals and bacterial indicators. Elimination rates for pharmaceutical substances were above 90%, and log reductions of up to 6 log10 units for microbiological parameters were achieved. SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected and quantified in the influent but not in the effluent. The RNA load in the raw wastewater showed good correspondence with COVID-19 case numbers in the hospital. We showed that the full-scale on-site treatment of hospital wastewater is technically feasible and contributes to sustainable hospital effluent management and that monitoring biological markers on the building level might be a useful complementary tool for disease surveillance.
Chitosan flakes-mediated diatom harvesting from natural water sources
Authors: Patel Mainavi , Parikh Hirak , Dave Gayatri 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Diatom is a unicellular photosynthetic microalga that is found in diverse environments. These are decorated with siliceous cell walls called frustules. Diatoms have long been favoured by grazers such as microscopic protozoa and dinoflagellates. However, grazers typically remain intact in laboratory culturing and feed on diatom in culturing vessels and reducing biomass yield. The isolation and cultivation of diatoms in laboratories hamper diatoms’ diversity and vast industrial potential. Chitosan, a biopolymer, has been widely used with other polyelectrolytes to flocculate various organic and inorganic colloids at acidic pH. Dissolved chitosan (acidic pH) has been used in various natural water samples and wastewater system for dewatering. However, untreated chitosan flakes have never been evaluated in a heterogeneous natural water environment. Since diatoms have silica surfaces, we tested chitosan for diatom separation and optimized chitosan concentration and other parameters to obtain grazer-free diatom starter culture from raw water. We also elucidated the mechanism for chitosan flakes-mediated diatom flocculation through adsorption kinetics and molecular dynamic simulation analysis. The results of this study are statistically optimized and validated, with a significant R2 value of 0.99 for the proposed model.
Serine Protease 27, a Prognostic Biomarker in Pan-cancer and
Associated with the Aggressive Progression of Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Yiying , Shen Yanyan , Bhandari Adheesh , Hirachan Suzita , Wang Ouchen , Xia Erjie 
Published: March 2023

Background:
To create effective medicines, researchers must first identify the
common or unique genes that drive oncogenic processes in human cancers. Serine protease
27 (PRSS27) has been recently defined as a possible driver gene in esophageal squamous
cell carcinoma. However, no thorough pan-cancer study has been performed to
date, including breast cancer.

Methods:
Using the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus)
dataset, and multiple bioinformatic tools, we investigated the function of PRSS27
in 33 tumor types. In addition, prognosis analysis of PRSS27 in breast cancer was carried
out, as well as in vitro experiments to verify its role as an oncogene. We first explored
the expression of PRSS27 in over 10 tumors and then we looked into PRSS27 genomic
mutations.

Results:
We discovered that PRSS27 has prognostic significance in breast cancer and
other cancers' survival, and we developed a breast cancer prognostic prediction model by
combining a defined set of clinical factors. Besides, we confirmed PRSS27 as an oncogene
in breast cancer using some primary in vitro experiments.

Conclusion:
Our pan-cancer survey has comprehensively reviewed the oncogenic function
of PRSS27 in various human malignancies, suggesting that it may be a promising
prognostic biomarker and tumor therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Targeting TYK2 for Fighting Diseases: Recent Advance of TYK2
Inhibitors
Authors: Du Si-Shi , Fang Yu-Qing , Zhang Wen , Rao Guo-Wu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
TYK2 (tyrosine-protein kinase 2) is a non-receptor protein kinase belonging
to the JAK family and is closely associated with various diseases, such as psoriasis, inflammatory
bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus. TYK2 activates the downstream
proteins STAT1-5 by participating in the signal transduction of immune factors
such as IL-12, IL-23, and IL-10, resulting in immune expression. The activity of the inhibitor
TYK2 can effectively block the transduction of excessive immune signals and
treat diseases. TYK2 inhibitors are divided into two types of inhibitors according to the
different binding sites. One is a TYK2 inhibitor that binds to JH2 and inhibits its activity
through an allosteric mechanism. The representative inhibitor is BMS-986165, developed
by Bristol-Myers Squibb. The other class binds to the JH1 adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) site and prevents the catalytic activity of the kinase by blocking ATP and downstream
phosphorylation. This paper mainly introduces the protein structure, signaling
pathway, synthesis, structure-activity relationship and clinical research of TYK2 inhibitors.