bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational design of flower-like MnO2/Ti3C2T
x
composite electrode for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Xia Chenji , Luo Yijia , Bin Xiaoqing , Gao Bowen , Que Wenxiu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Combining the new two-dimensional conductive MXene with transition metal oxide to build composite structure is a promising path to improve the conductivity of metal oxide. However, a critical challenge still remains in how to achieve a good combination of MXene and metal oxide. Herein, we develop a facile hydrothermal route to synthesize the MnO2/Ti3C2T
x
composite electrode for supercapacitors by synergistically coupling MnO2 nanowires with Ti3C2T
x
MXene nanoflakes. Compared with the pure MnO2 electrode, the morphology of the MnO2/Ti3C2T
x
composite electrode changes from nanowires to nanoflowers. Moreover, the overall conductivity and electrochemical performance of the composite electrode are greatly improved due to an addition of Ti3C2T
x
MXene. The specific capacitance of the MnO2/Ti3C2T
x
composite electrode achieves 210.8 F·g−1 at a scan rate of 2 mV·s−1, while that of the pure MnO2 electrode is only 55.2 F·g−1. Furthermore, the specific capacitance of the MnO2/Ti3C2T
x
composite electrode still can remain at 97.2% even after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles, revealing an excellent cycle stability. The synthesis strategy of this work can pave the way for the research and practical application of the electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Carbon nanoparticle reinforced adhesive films as surface sensors for strain detection
Authors: Sánchez-Romate Xoan F , Gómez Édgar , Sánchez María , Ureña Alejandro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Carbon nanoparticle-reinforced adhesive films have been explored as surface sensors for the detection of small strains. It has been observed that graphene nanoplatelets, GNPs, promote a significant increase of the gauge factor when compared to carbon nanotubes, CNTs (5.6 to 0.6, respectively, at low strains), due to their intrinsic 2D nature. The application as surface sensors for the monitoring of the strain field in an aluminum plate has been proven to be successful, with a repeatable signal under consecutive cycles despite some irreversibility in the first one for GNPs. Furthermore, the electrical response given by the sensors under plastic deformation of the aluminum plate was in total agreement with the mechanical response validated by numerical analysis, proving the high potential of the proposed adhesive film for sensing purposes.
Low regularity solutions for the Vlasov–Poisson–Landau/Boltzmann system
Authors: Deng Dingqun , Duan Renjun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the paper, we are concerned with the nonlinear Cauchy problem on the Vlasov–Poisson–Landau/Boltzmann system around global Maxwellians in a torus or a finite channel. The main goal is to establish the global existence and large time behaviour of small amplitude solutions for a class of low regularity initial data. The molecular interaction type is restricted to the case of hard potentials for two classical collision operators because of the effect of the self-consistent forces. The result extends the one by Duan–Liu–Sakamoto-Strain (Duan et al 2021 Commun. Pure Appl. Math.
74 932–1020) for the pure Landau/Boltzmann equation to the case of the VPL and VPB systems.
Time is suspect!
Authors: Heck André , Jordens Hans , Uylings Peter 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
‘That it is possible to find the form of the Lorentz transformations without requiring the speed of light to be the same in every inertial system is rediscovered about every thirty years and, rightly, forgotten.’ This proposition alongside the doctoral dissertation of Hendrik Smid in 1986 provides food for thought: Is the light postulate of special relativity, which gives the speed of light

c

in vacuum its status of maximum and unchanging speed, indeed not necessary? What kind of physical world are you then left with? What could be the value of discussing this in class? In this paper we show how the Lorentz transformation, which describes the relationship between two coordinate systems moving relative to each other at a constant speed, can indeed be derived by replacing the light postulate by another assumption, namely the requirement of closure under composition of transformations that relate inertial frames of reference (i.e. two successive coordinate transformations of certain type can be written as one transformation of the same type). Although well known in specialised literature of physics research, the remarkable insight that

c

is somehow buried in nature is hardly mentioned in pre-university and bachelor’s physics courses and textbooks. Yet, the presented comprehensible approach may support the understanding and plausibility of the abstract subject of special relativity. Mathematics may go too far for an average pre-university student, but this subject would certainly not be out of place in an undergraduate physics course or a physics teacher course. Although many teachers do not know that the light postulate of special relativity can be replaced by another assumption or may not appreciate such replacement as part of their teaching of the topic, it offers in our opinion an opportunity to inform students that a critical look at postulates and an investigation of alternatives is an essential part of the nature of science.
ChatGPT and the frustrated Socrates
Authors: Gregorcic Bor , Pendrill Ann-Marie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a case study of a conversation between ourselves and an artificial intelligence-based chatbot ChatGPT. We asked the chatbot to respond to a basic physics question that will be familiar to most physics teachers: ‘A teddy bear is thrown into the air. What is its acceleration in the highest point?’ The chatbot’s responses, while linguistically quite advanced, were unreliable in their correctness and often full of contradictions. We then attempted to engage in Socratic dialogue with the chatbot to resolve the errors and contradictions, but with little success. We found that ChatGPT is not yet good enough to be used as a cheating tool for physics students or as a physics tutor. However, we found it quite reliable in generating incorrect responses on which physics teachers could train assessment of student responses.
Integrating multimodal information in machine learning for classifying acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Xiao Ran , Ding Cheng , Hu Xiao , Clifford Gari D , Wright David W , Shah Amit J , Al-Zaiti Salah , Zègre-Hemsey Jessica K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Prompt identification and recognization of myocardial ischemia/infarction (MI) is the most important goal in the management of acute coronary syndrome. The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used as the initial screening tool for patients with chest pain but its diagnostic accuracy remains limited. There is early evidence that machine learning (ML) algorithms applied to ECG waveforms can improve performance. Most studies are designed to classify MI from healthy controls and thus are limited due to the lack of consideration of ECG abnormalities from other cardiac conditions, leading to false positives. Moreover, clinical information beyond ECG has not yet been well leveraged in existing ML models. Approach. The present study considered downstream clinical implementation scenarios in the initial model design by dichotomizing study recordings from a public large-scale ECG dataset into a MI class and a non-MI class with the inclusion of MI-confounding conditions. Two experiments were conducted to systematically investigate the impact of two important factors entrained in the modeling process, including the duration of ECG, and the value of multimodal information for model training. A novel multimodal deep learning architecture was proposed to learn joint features from both ECG and patient demographics. Main results. The multimodal model achieved better performance than the ECG-only model, with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 92.1% and a mean accuracy of 87.4%, which is on par with existing studies despite the increased task difficulty due to the new class definition. By investigation of model explainability, it revealed the contribution of patient information in model performance and clinical concordance of the model’s attention with existing clinical insights. Significance. The findings in this study help guide the development of ML solutions for prompt MI detection and move the models one step closer to real-world clinical applications.
Cylindrical magnetoelectric FeGa/PZT composite for lightning current sensing applications
Authors: Lu Caijiang , Zhou Hai , Wu Gang , Xiao Xiaobing , Zhang Ziyan , Wang Jingqi , He Xiaomeng , Yang Aichao , Fu Guoqiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) composites have been proven to apply to current sensors. However, the previously reported ME materials-based current sensors mainly focus on direct current and sine alternating current sensing, which put a critical limit on the measurement of transient current. In this paper, a cylindrical ME composite consisting of a magnetostrictive Fe83Ga17 (FeGa) cylinder and a piezoelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) circular tube is fabricated for lightning current sensing applications. The time-domain output voltage of the FeGa/PZT composite is simulated and measured in detail. Under the excitation of 8/20 µs lighting current, the output voltage of the composite can change with the current. But the damping oscillation at its resonant frequency is observed. Furthermore, to obtain an obvious ME response, the FeGa/PZT cylinder and current-carrying wire should be arranged closely and in an orthogonal way. When the amplitude of 8/20 µs lightning current is in the range of 500 A–9 kA, the ME FeGa/PZT composite shows a sensitivity of 1.36 mV A−1, a linear response (R
2 = 0.9993), and a small return error (0.12 V). These results provide that the ME composite is suitable to be used in non-contact lightning current measurements.
Pareto optimal fronts of kinetic proofreading
Authors: Chiuchiu Davide , Mondal Shrabani , Pigolotti Simone 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Biological processes such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein translation operate with remarkable speed and accuracy in selecting the right substrate from pools of chemically identical molecules. This result is obtained by non-equilibrium reactions that dissipate chemical energy. It is widely recognized that there must be a trade-off between speed, error, and dissipation characterizing these systems. In this paper, we quantify this trade-off using tools from mathematical optimization theory. We characterize the Pareto optimal front for a generalized version of Hopfield’s kinetic proofreading model, which is a paradigmatic example of biological error correction. We find that models with more proofreading steps are characterized by better trade-offs. Furthermore, we numerically study scaling relations between speed, accuracy, and dissipation on the Pareto front.
The transient invisibility cloak in the electro-quasi-static field
Authors: Liu Zhao Cheng , Cui Xiang , Li Xue Bao , Chen Xiangyu , Zhao Zhibin , Meng Wei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The invisibility condition of cloak in the Electro-Quasi-Static (EQS) field under the arbitrary transient excitation is given in this paper. Firstly, because electric field with magnetoelectric effect ignored can be attributed to the EQS field which is the transient electric field. In this case, the analytical invisibility conditions of infinite length coaxial cylinders cloaks under arbitrary transient excitation are derived in the EQS field. Then, by the finite element method(FEM) simulation, the correctness of the analytical invisibility condition is verified. Besides, this paper also established the equivalent circuit model for the cloak in the EQS field by the resistance and capacitance network. At last, analytical invisibility conditions of the concentric spheres cloak are also given. By the invisibility conditions proposed in this paper, the cloak could achieve stealth under the transient electric field which will greatly enhance the performance of the cloak.
Enhanced cosmic-ray antihelium production from dark matter annihilation through light mediators
Authors: Ding Yu-Chen , Li Nan , Zhou Yu-Feng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cosmic-ray (CR) antihelium is an important probe for the indirect search of dark matter (DM) annihilation in the Galaxy. However, due to stringent constraints from the measurements of
CR antiprotons and γ-rays, the flux of CR antihelium from the conventional DM direct
annihilation into Standard Model final states is expected to be far below the sensitivity of the
current experiments. We show that the production of antihelium can be significantly enhanced if
the DM particles annihilate through light mediator particles with a mass mϕ
≈ 8 GeV
close to the antihelium production threshold. After taking into account the constraints from the
AMS-02 antiproton data and the Fermi-LAT γ-ray data on the spheroidal dwarf galaxies, we
find that in this scenario the CR antihelium flux can be enhanced by three orders of magnitude,
which makes it within the sensitivity of the ongoing AMS-02 experiment.
Controlling of optical bistability and multistability via two different incoherent processes
Authors: Saeed Mohammed Murtadha , Subhi Ali Ahmed , Mourad Mohammed Ibrahim , Yasin Yaser , Auda Abdulameer Sabah , Salam Obaid Zahraa , Hadrawi Salema K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) phenomena for a quantum dot nanostructure via two different mechanisms. The first process is based on the application of the incoherent pumping field while the second one is due to the ratio between the injection and cavity injection rates. We show that the appearance of OB and OM properties in the system depends strongly on the presence of these mechanisms. It is found that OB appears in the presence of both mechanisms, but OM appears only when both mechanisms are present in the system simultaneously. We also study the linear absorption behaviors for the case when OB and OM are observed in the system. It is shown that for the multistable state, the absorption properties of the system are different from the bistable state, which has a strong dependence on incoherent processes.
A simplest seesaw model of the TM1 and μ-τ reflection symmetries for the neutrino masses and leptogenesis
Authors: Zhao Zhen-hua , Zhang Lei , Gao Yang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, following the Occam’s razor principle, we have put forward a very simple form of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix

M

D

in the minimal seesaw model with the right-handed neutrino mass matrix being diagonal

M

R

=
diag
(

M

1

,

M

2

)

; it has one texture zero and only contains three real parameters, whose values can be determined from the neutrino oscillation experimental results. Such a model leads to a neutrino mass matrix

M

ν

≃
−

M

D

M

R

−
1

M

D

T

that obeys the TM1 and μ-τ reflection symmetries simultaneously. In this way all the lepton flavor mixing parameters except for

θ

13

are predicted; the value of

θ

12

is predicted by the TM1 symmetry, while those of

θ

23

, δ, ρ and σ by the μ-τ reflection symmetry. And the neutrino masses are predicted to be of the NO case with

m

1

=
0

, for which all three light neutrino masses will be pinned down with the help of the experimental results for the neutrino mass squared differences. For these results, the effective Majorana neutrino mass

∣

M

ν

ee

∣

that controls the rate of the neutrinoless double beta decay is predicted to be 1.6 or 3.8 meV in the case of σ = 0 or π/2. We have also studied the implications of the model for leptogenesis. It turns out that only in the two-flavor leptogenesis regime (which holds in the temperature range 109–1012 GeV) can leptogenesis have a chance to be successful. And a successful leptogenesis can be achieved at

M

1

≃
1.2
×

10

11

GeV in the case of σ = π/2, but not in the case of σ = 0.
The Temperature Dependent Boltzmann Equation with Reservoir of Radiation Photons
Authors: Wang Zhengchuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Usually, the temperature is introduced by the Boltzmann distribution function under the local equilibrium assumption. In this manuscript, we propose a temperature dependent Boltzmann equation, where the temperature is taken into account by the collision of transport particles and the particles in the reservoir, and we assume the reservoir remain in an equilibrium or local equilibrium state with an external temperature. Different from the usual Boltzmann equation, our temperature dependent Boltzmann equation obtains a new damping force which originates from the collision between transport particle and reservoir and is contrary to the external force applied to the system, meanwhile the relaxation time is also affected by the derivative of the damping force. In our study, the reservoir are consist of the radiations of photons, so the Compton scattering happens between the transport particle and the photon. Finally, we illustrate them by the example of one-dimensional transport process, the damping force and the non-equilibrium temperature defined by us are shown.
A Probabilistic Neural Network Measurement Method for Multispectral High Dynamic Temperature
Authors: Zeng Chaobin , Liu Bin , Zhang Xuan , Han Yan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Among various temperature measurement technologies, Multispectral thermometry is a better method to measure temperature under complex conditions. To solve the problems in the multi-spectral temperature measurement technology, which included the detector’s non-linear sensitivity characteristics, consistency calibration, data processing, etc., this paper, based on the previous research and development of the multi-spectral dynamic temperature measurement system, realized data acquisition of the dynamic temperature in 20us sample rates within 1550~2000 Celsius, and then the dynamic measurement data is processed by the probabilistic neural network (PNN). Finally, temperature measurement system realized the accuracy of the measurement error less than 1.1%. The results show that the PNN neural network can fit the temperature distribution curve better and faster, and can be better applied to the miniaturization of the temperature measurement system.
Study on the Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of (K, Rb, Cs, Fr) Doped CoSi Based on the First Principle
Authors: Pan Zhengkun , Zhao Zehang , Niu Xiaoxiao , Cheng Yu , Zou Jiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the band structure, density of States and optical properties of CoSi, K, Rb, Cs and Fr doped CoSi are calculated by first principles. It is found that the bottom and top of the conduction band pass through the Fermi level before and after doping, showing metal properties. The static permittivity of undoped CoSi, K, Rb, Cs and Fr doping is 28.9,154,168,110,105 respectively, which indicates that the static permittivity is improved after doping the refractive index of doped K, Rb, Cs and Fr increases compared with that of undoped CoSi. After doping, the maximum imaginary part of dielectric constant is 18.4; 608; 56; 32.9; 31 respectively.CoSi, K-CoSi, Rb-CoSi, Cs-CoSi and Fr-Cosi have strong absorption of light in the far ultraviolet region, and the maximum absorption coefficients are 3.83, 3.69, 3.37, 3.34 and 3.33 respectively. The maximum reflection peak of undoped CoSi is 0.807, that of K-doped system is 0.774, that of Rb-doped system is 0.713, that of Cs-doped system is 0.731, and that of Fr-doped system is 0.758. It can be seen that the reflectivity of doped CoSi decreases, and the reflectivity of Rb-doped system is the smallest Compared with the undoped system, the photoconductivity of the doped system moves to the high energy region, resulting in a blue shift.
All-optical Tuning of Microsphere Whispering Gallery Mode Resonance Wavelength to Lock to the DFB Laser Wavelength for Using in CH4 Detection
Authors: Wang Han , Weng Longhang , Yu Wenwei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Methane is a flammable and explosive gas, which is the main component of mashgas and natural gas.Methane monitoring plays an important role in coal mine safety and natural gas.The high-Q whispering gallery mode (WGM) of optical microcavity has a long photon lifetime, which greatly prolongs the effective optical path between light and surroundings,and has the potential to be made into miniaturized and highly sensitive gas sensor device.In order to realize the high Q microcavity WGM enhancement light absorption methane gas sensor,the key technology is to lock the resonant frequency of the microsphere cavity to the DFB laser frequency.In order to ensure the intrinsic safety of the CH4 sensor, the resonance wavelength of the all-optically tuning microsphere cavity was studied, so that it was locked to the wavelength of the CH4 absorption peak of 1653.72nm. The resonant wavelength of the microsphere was tuned by injecting light along the fiber handle of the microsphere, and the refractive index of the microsphere was changed by absorbing light and converting heat with the coating of the sphere crown.
Research the Nonlinear Frequency Modulation of Tunable Light Source to Improve the Spatial Resolution of OFDR
Authors: Xiao Longfei , Wang Hengfei , Xu Canhua , Huang Yantang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The main factor affecting the optical fiber spatial resolution of OFDR system is the non-linearity of laser frequency tuning.We demonstrated a M-Z interferometry and performed nonlinear measurements at different frequencies. The main and auxiliary interferometers with tunable laser source(TLS) were built, and the auxiliary interferometer was used to correct the nonlinearity modulation of the frequecny of the main laser.The interpolation compensation scheme was proposed.The research results of the nonlinear frequency modulation of TLS to improve the spatial resolution of optical fiber vibration sensing was demonstrated,the spatial resolution is 0.17m.
A Segmental Measurement for Improving the Dynamic Range and Spatial Resolution of Φ-OTDR Fiber Vibration Detection
Authors: Wang Hengfei , Xiao Longfei , Huang Yantang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) utilizes the back Rayleigh scattered light to realize long-distance and high spatial resolution vibration and acoustic waves detection in the whole sensing fiber. The Φ-OTDR has been widely used in structure health monitoring, gas pipelines preventing digging, etc. For practical applications, because of weak backscattering Rayleigh light and exponentially decreased injecting optical signal along the optical fiber, long distance Φ-OTDR detection is very difficult to realize, so how to extend detecting range meanwhile possessing a relatively high spatial resolution turns into a challenge in Φ-OTDR. We proposed a scheme of adjusting EDFA output optical power to use segmented measurement to improve the performance of Φ-OTDR, which can extend detecting range to several tens of kilometers. A segmental measurement scheme was proposed and the experimental results were presented.