bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-exploration of dietary iodine intake in Chinese adult males using a modified iodine balance study
Authors: Liu Xiaobing , Wang Jun , Li Yajie , Tan Hongxing , Li Xiuwei , Mao Deqian , Liu Yanyan , Li Weidong , Yu Wei , Lu Jiaxi , Yan Junan , Piao Jianhua , Yang Lichen , Guo Chongzheng , Liu Xiaoli , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is still controversy about optimal dietary iodine intake as the Universal Salt Iodization policy enforcement in China. A modified iodine balance study was thus conducted to explore the suitable iodine intake in Chinese adult males using the iodine overflow hypothesis. In this study, thirty-eight apparently healthy males (19·1 (sd 0·6) years) were recruited and provided with designed diets. After the 14-d iodine depletion, daily iodine intake gradually increased in the 30-d iodine supplementation, consisting of six stages and each of 5 d. All foods and excreta (urine, faeces) were collected to examine daily iodine intake, iodine excretion and the changes of iodine increment in relation to those values at stage 1. The dose–response associations of iodine intake increment with excretion increment were fitted by the mixed effects models, as well as with retention increment. Daily iodine intake and excretion were 16·3 and 54·3 μg/d at stage 1, and iodine intake increment increased from 11·2 μg/d at stage 2 to 118·0 μg/d at stage 6, while excretion increment elevated from 21·5 to 95·0 μg/d. A zero iodine balance was dynamically achieved as 48·0 μg/d of iodine intake. The estimated average requirement and recommended nutrient intake were severally 48·0 and 67·2 μg/d, which could be corresponded to a daily iodine intake of 0·74 and 1·04 μg/kg per d. The results of our study indicate that roughly half of current iodine intakes recommendation could be enough in Chinese adult males, which would be beneficial for the revision of dietary reference intakes.
Identification of shared and distinct patterns of brain network abnormality across mental disorders through individualized structural covariance network analysis
Authors: Han Shaoqiang , Xue Kangkang , Chen Yuan , Xu Yinhuan , Li Shuying , Song Xueqin , Guo Hui-Rong , Fang Keke , Zheng Ruiping , Zhou Bingqian , Chen Jingli , Wei Yarui , Zhang Yong , Cheng Jingliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMental disorders, including depression, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia, share a common neuropathy of disturbed large-scale coordinated brain maturation. However, high-interindividual heterogeneity hinders the identification of shared and distinct patterns of brain network abnormalities across mental disorders. This study aimed to identify shared and distinct patterns of altered structural covariance across mental disorders.MethodsSubject-level structural covariance aberrance in patients with mental disorders was investigated using individualized differential structural covariance network. This method inferred structural covariance aberrance at the individual level by measuring the degree of structural covariance in patients deviating from matched healthy controls (HCs). T1-weighted anatomical images of 513 participants (105, 98, 190 participants with depression, OCD and schizophrenia, respectively, and 130 age- and sex-matched HCs) were acquired and analyzed.ResultsPatients with mental disorders exhibited notable heterogeneity in terms of altered edges, which were otherwise obscured by group-level analysis. The three disorders shared high difference variability in edges attached to the frontal network and the subcortical-cerebellum network, and they also exhibited disease-specific variability distributions. Despite notable variability, patients with the same disorder shared disease-specific groups of altered edges. Specifically, depression was characterized by altered edges attached to the subcortical-cerebellum network; OCD, by altered edges linking the subcortical-cerebellum and motor networks; and schizophrenia, by altered edges related to the frontal network.ConclusionsThese results have potential implications for understanding heterogeneity and facilitating personalized diagnosis and interventions for mental disorders.
Creating New Knowledge with Undergraduate Students: Institutional Incentives and Faculty Agency
Authors: Zvobgo Kelebogile , Pickering Paula M. , Settle Jaime E. , Tierney Michael J. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTUndergraduate students today face a more demanding and competitive labor market than their parents’ generation. In response, some pursue double majors to signal breadth to potential employers and to improve their job prospects. Some students also realize that a strong signal of workplace readiness is acquiring in-demand skills through independent and collaborative research. In this article, four professors at an undergraduate-focused public university in the United States share their experiences working with undergraduate students on research, focusing on the “supply side” of student research training and mentoring. We discuss how institutions can support differently situated faculty members, who face different career incentives and constraints, to integrate undergraduates in their research. We also address the limits of what is possible for faculty‐student research and suggest ways to overcome them.
A mixed methods assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices related to aflatoxin contamination and exposure among caregivers of children under 5 years in western Kenya
Authors: Awuor Abigael O , Wambura Gati , Ngere Isaac , Hunsperger Elizabeth , Onyango Clayton , Bigogo Godfrey , Blum Lauren S , Munyua Peninah , Njenga M Kariuki , Widdowson Marc-Alain 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:Identifying factors that may influence aflatoxin exposure in children under 5 years of age living in farming households in western Kenya.Design:We used a mixed methods design. The quantitative component entailed serial cross-sectional interviews in 250 farming households to examine crop processing and conservation practices, household food storage and consumption and local understandings of aflatoxins. Qualitative data collection included focus group discussions (N 7) and key informant interviews (N 13) to explore explanations of harvesting and post-harvesting techniques and perceptions of crop spoilage.Setting:The study was carried out in Asembo, a rural community where high rates of child stunting exist.Participants:A total of 250 female primary caregivers of children under 5 years of age and thirteen experts in farming and food management participated.Results:Study results showed that from a young age, children routinely ate maize-based dishes. Economic constraints and changing environmental patterns guided the application of sub-optimal crop practices involving early harvest, poor drying, mixing spoiled with good cereals and storing cereals in polypropylene bags in confined quarters occupied by humans and livestock and raising risks of aflatoxin contamination. Most (80 %) smallholder farmers were unaware of aflatoxins and their harmful economic and health consequences.Conclusions:Young children living in subsistence farming households may be at risk of exposure to aflatoxins and consequent ill health and stunting. Sustained efforts to increase awareness of the risks of aflatoxins and control measures among subsistence farmers could help to mitigate practices that raise exposure.
Palliative team involvement in end-of-life care for Jewish and Muslim children in Jerusalem: A unique clinical and cultural context
Authors: Shack Avram R. , Fried Iris , Siedner-Weintraub Yael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesPediatric palliative care services improve the quality of life for children with life-limiting and life-threatening diseases, although little has been published about variation based on cultural and religious factors. This article sets out to describe clinical and cultural characteristics of pediatric end-of-life patients in a majority Jewish and Muslim country with religious and legal constraints around end-of-life care.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 78 pediatric patients who died during a 5-year period and could potentially have utilized pediatric palliative care services.ResultsPatients reflected a range of primary diagnoses, most commonly oncologic diseases and multisystem genetic disorders. Patients followed by the pediatric palliative care team had less invasive therapies, more pain management and advance directives, and more psychosocial support. Patients from different cultural and religious backgrounds had similar levels of pediatric palliative care team follow-up but certain differences in end-of-life care.Significance of resultsIn a culturally and religiously conservative context that poses constraints on decision-making around end-of-life care, pediatric palliative care services are a feasible and important means of maximizing symptom relief, as well as emotional and spiritual support, for children at the end of life and their families.
Explaining Europe’s transformed electoral landscape: structure, salience, and agendas
Authors: Dennison James , Kriesi Hanspeter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhat has caused the marked, cross-national, and unprecedented trends in European electoral results in the 21st century? Scholarly explanations include social structure and challenger party entrepreneurship. We argue that these electoral changes more proximally result from public issue salience, which results from societal trends and mainly affects rather than is caused by party agenda setting. We use aggregate-level panel data across 28 European countries to show that the public issue salience of three issues—unemployment, immigration, and the environment—is associated with later variation in the results of the conservative, social democrat, liberal, radical right, radical left, and green party families in theoretically expected directions, while the party system issue agenda has weaker associations. Public issue salience, in turn, is rooted in societal trends (unemployment rates, immigration rates and temperature anomalies), and, in some cases, party agenda setting. We validate our mechanism at the individual-level across 28 European countries and using UK panel data. Our findings have implications for our understanding of the agency of parties, the permanency of recent electoral changes, and how voters reconcile their social and political worlds.
Generation of Post Sunset E Region Electron Density Stratifications at the Magnetic Equator: An Analysis Using In Situ Measurements and Theoretical Estimations
Authors: Manju G. , Mridula N. , Sruthi T. V. , Pant Tarun K. , P Aswathy R. , Sreelatha P. , John Rosmy , Thampi R. Satheesh , Aneesh A. N. , Abhishek J. K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMeasurements of electron density/irregularities and ion drift velocity/neutral wind were undertaken with Electron Density and Neutral Wind (ENWi) payload on‐board an RH300 flight on 6 April 2018 as part of the Sounding Rocket Experiment (SOUREX1). The presence of a clearly structured ENWi measured electron density profile is an interesting feature observed on this day. Concurrently electron density/irregularities are measured by a Langmuir probe payload which confirmed the presence of stratifications in electron density. The neutral wind measurements by ENWi also reveal a structured pattern. The hodograph analysis of the neutral wind components reveals clockwise rotation indicating downward phase propagation characteristics associated with the gravity waves. Analysis of the requisite ion convergence at the magnetic equator for occurrence of electron density stratifications using the observed electron density structures during the post sunset hours in relation to the ion convergence due to gravity wave winds is performed according to earlier theoretical simulations. This analysis reveals that conditions favoring the formation of stratification related ion convergence are present therein. Thus the present study for first time uses actual measurements of neutral winds and electron densities from same instrument to demonstrate the role of gravity wave induced winds in producing ion convergence at the magnetic equatorial region Trivandrum in the post sunset hours.
Compensating Effects Between Climate and Underlying Characteristics on Watershed Water Loss
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Miao Beier , Wang Xiaojun , Chen Xiaohong , Lin Kairong , Jaramillo Fernando , Cheng Linyin , Yao Lili 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIdentifying climate impacts on watershed water loss (evapotranspiration) generally involves the interactions with land surface change (e.g., vegetation dynamics and anthropogenic disturbances). Here, we seek to understand the compensating effects of climate and underlying characteristics on watershed evapotranspiration. In this regard, an analytical solution was derived by using a simple water‐energy partitioning framework for separating the individual contributions of climate and underlying characteristics to changes in watershed actual evapotranspiration between 1930–1970 and 1971–2008 over global 87 basins. We found that for the basins with larger increases in the total evapotranspiration, a positive underlying characteristic‐related contribution is dominant, rather than the climate‐related contribution. Tradeoffs (i.e., the compensating effects) between the contributions of climate and underlying characteristics to evaporative water loss were also identified in a few basins where there were relatively large changes in the underlying characteristic‐related evapotranspiration but only a slight change in the total evapotranspiration. This suggests that the climate contribution in evapotranspiration may offset the effect of underlying characteristic‐related changes over these basins, associated with stronger hydrological resilience under the double impacts of both climate and underlying factors. The results also indicate that the underlying characteristics exert greater contributions to the changes in the total evapotranspiration rather than the climate variation, and the underlying characteristic‐related evapotranspiration variations are closely related to the changes in reservoirs and land‐use types of the basins. The presented findings may provide an insightful understanding of interactions among climate, water, and underlying characteristics over global basins.
Automated Machine Learning to Evaluate the Information Content of Tropospheric Trace Gas Columns for Fine Particle Estimates Over India: A Modeling Testbed
Authors: Zheng Zhonghua , Fiore Arlene M. , Westervelt Daniel M. , Milly George P. , Goldsmith Jeff , Karambelas Alexandra , Curci Gabriele , Randles Cynthia A. , Paiva Antonio R. , Wang Chi , Wu Qingyun , Dey Sagnik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndia is largely devoid of high‐quality and reliable on‐the‐ground measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Ground‐level PM2.5 concentrations are estimated from publicly available satellite Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) products combined with other information. Prior research has largely overlooked the possibility of gaining additional accuracy and insights into the sources of PM using satellite retrievals of tropospheric trace gas columns. We evaluate the information content of tropospheric trace gas columns for PM2.5 estimates over India within a modeling testbed using an Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) approach, which selects from a menu of different machine learning tools based on the data set. We then quantify the relative information content of tropospheric trace gas columns, AOD, meteorological fields, and emissions for estimating PM2.5 over four Indian sub‐regions on daily and monthly time scales. Our findings suggest that, regardless of the specific machine learning model assumptions, incorporating trace gas modeled columns improves PM2.5 estimates. We use the ranking scores produced from the AutoML algorithm and Spearman’s rank correlation to infer or link the possible relative importance of primary versus secondary sources of PM2.5 as a first step toward estimating particle composition. Our comparison of AutoML‐derived models to selected baseline machine learning models demonstrates that AutoML is at least as good as user‐chosen models. The idealized pseudo‐observations (chemical‐transport model simulations) used in this work lay the groundwork for applying satellite retrievals of tropospheric trace gases to estimate fine particle concentrations in India and serve to illustrate the promise of AutoML applications in atmospheric and environmental research.
Bright semiconductor single-photon sources pumped by heterogeneously integrated micropillar lasers with electrical injections
Authors: Li Xueshi , Liu Shunfa , Wei Yuming , Ma Jiantao , Song Changkun , Yu Ying , Su Rongbin , Geng Wei , Ni Haiqiao , Liu Hanqing , Su Xiangbin , Niu Zhichuan , Chen You-ling , Liu Jin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe emerging hybrid integrated quantum photonics combines the advantages of different functional components into a single chip to meet the stringent requirements for quantum information processing. Despite the tremendous progress in hybrid integrations of III-V quantum emitters with silicon-based photonic circuits and superconducting single-photon detectors, on-chip optical excitations of quantum emitters via miniaturized lasers towards single-photon sources (SPSs) with low power consumptions, small device footprints, and excellent coherence properties is highly desirable yet illusive. In this work, we present realizations of bright semiconductor SPSs heterogeneously integrated with on-chip electrically-injected microlasers. Different from previous one-by-one transfer printing technique implemented in hybrid quantum dot (QD) photonic devices, multiple deterministically coupled QD-circular Bragg Grating (CBG) SPSs were integrated with electrically-injected micropillar lasers at one time via a potentially scalable transfer printing process assisted by the wide-field photoluminescence (PL) imaging technique. Optically pumped by electrically-injected microlasers, pure single photons are generated with a high-brightness of a count rate of 3.8 M/s and an extraction efficiency of 25.44%. Such a high-brightness is due to the enhancement by the cavity mode of the CBG, which is confirmed by a Purcell factor of 2.5. Our work provides a powerful tool for advancing hybrid integrated quantum photonics in general and boosts the developments for realizing highly-compact, energy-efficient and coherent SPSs in particular.
An aerosol deposition based MEMS piezoelectric accelerometer for low noise measurement
Authors: Gong Xuewen , Kuo Yu-Chun , Zhou Guodong , Wu Wen-Jong , Liao Wei-Hsin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPotentially applied in low-noise applications such as structural health monitoring (SHM), a 1-axis piezoelectric MEMS accelerometer based on aerosol deposition is designed, fabricated, simulated, and measured in this study. It is a cantilever beam structure with a tip proof mass and PZT sensing layer. To figure out whether the design is suitable for SHM, working bandwidth and noise level are obtained via simulation. For the first time, we use aerosol deposition method to deposit thick PZT film during the fabrication process to achieve high sensitivity. In performance measurement, we obtain the charge sensitivity, natural frequency, working bandwidth and noise equivalent acceleration of 22.74 pC/g, 867.4 Hz, 10–200 Hz (within ±5% deviation) and 5.6 $$\mu {{{\rm{g}}}}/\sqrt{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}$$

μ
g
/

Hz

(at 20 Hz). To demonstrate its feasibility for real applications, vibrations of a fan are measured by our designed sensor and a commercial piezoelectric accelerometer, and the results match well with each other. Moreover, shaker vibration measurement with ADXL1001 indicates that the fabricated sensor has a much lower noise level. In the end, we show that our designed accelerometer has good performance compared to piezoelectric MEMS accelerometers in relevant studies and great potential for low-noise applications compared to low-noise capacitive MEMS accelerometers.
On-surface synthesis of enetriynes
Authors: Cao Nan , Yang Biao , Riss Alexander , Rosen Johanna , Björk Jonas , Barth Johannes V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBelonging to the enyne family, enetriynes comprise a distinct electron-rich all-carbon bonding scheme. However, the lack of convenient synthesis protocols limits the associated application potential within, e.g., biochemistry and materials science. Herein we introduce a pathway for highly selective enetriyne formation via tetramerization of terminal alkynes on a Ag(100) surface. Taking advantage of a directing hydroxyl group, we steer molecular assembly and reaction processes on square lattices. Induced by O2exposure the terminal alkyne moieties deprotonate and organometallicbis-acetylide dimer arrays evolve. Upon subsequent thermal annealing tetrameric enetriyne-bridged compounds are generated in high yield, readily self-assembling into regular networks. We combine high-resolution scanning probe microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to examine the structural features, bonding characteristics and the underlying reaction mechanism. Our study introduces an integrated strategy for the precise fabrication of functional enetriyne species, thus providing access to a distinct class of highly conjugated π-system compounds.
Zebrafish pigment cells develop directly from persistent highly multipotent progenitors
Authors: Subkhankulova Tatiana , Camargo Sosa Karen , Uroshlev Leonid A. , Nikaido Masataka , Shriever Noah , Kasianov Artem S. , Yang Xueyan , Rodrigues Frederico S. L. M. , Carney Thomas J. , Bavister Gemma , Schwetlick Hartmut , Dawes Jonathan H. P. , Rocco Andrea , Makeev Vsevolod J. , Kelsh Robert N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeural crest cells are highly multipotent stem cells, but it remains unclear how their fate restriction to specific fates occurs. The direct fate restriction model hypothesises that migrating cells maintain full multipotency, whilst progressive fate restriction envisages fully multipotent cells transitioning to partially-restricted intermediates before committing to individual fates. Using zebrafish pigment cell development as a model, we show applying NanoString hybridization single cell transcriptional profiling and RNAscope in situ hybridization that neural crest cells retain broad multipotency throughout migration and even in post-migratory cells in vivo, with no evidence for partially-restricted intermediates. We find that leukocyte tyrosine kinase early expression marks a multipotent stage, with signalling driving iridophore differentiation through repression of fate-specific transcription factors for other fates. We reconcile the direct and progressive fate restriction models by proposing that pigment cell development occurs directly, but dynamically, from a highly multipotent state, consistent with our recently-proposed Cyclical Fate Restriction model.