bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial Attractiveness, but not Facial Masculinity, is Used as a Cue to Paternal Involvement in Fathers
Authors: Bartlome Ronja I. , Lee Anthony J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Facial femininity in men is purportedly used as a cue by women as a signal of paternal involvement. However, evidence for this claim is questionable. Previous findings have shown that paternal involvement is linked to testosterone, but have not investigated facial masculinity directly, while other studies have found that facial masculinity is negatively associated with perceptions of paternal involvement but do not assess the accuracy of this judgement. Here, we assess whether facial masculinity in men is used as a cue to paternal involvement, and whether this cue is accurate.

Methods
We collected facial photographs of 259 men (156 of which were fathers) who also completed self-report measures of paternal involvement. Facial images were then rated by a separate group of raters on facial masculinity, attractiveness, and perceived paternal involvement. Shape sexual dimorphism was also calculated from the images using geometric morphometrics.

Results
We found that facial masculinity was not associated with perceptions of paternal involvement, nor was it related with self-reported paternal involvement. Interestingly, facial attractiveness was negatively associated with perceptions of paternal involvement, and we found partial evidence that facial attractiveness was also negatively associated with self-reported paternal involvement.

Conclusion
These findings challenge the hypothesis that sexual dimorphism is used as a cue to paternal involvement, and perhaps indicate that facial attractiveness is more important for this judgement instead.
PtNi-W/C with Atomically Dispersed Tungsten Sites Toward Boosted ORR in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Devices
Authors: Wang Huawei , Gao Jialong , Chen Changli , Zhao Wei , Zhang Zihou , Li Dong , Chen Ying , Wang Chenyue , Zhu Cheng , Ke Xiaoxing , Pei Jiajing , Dong Juncai , Chen Qi , Jin Haibo , Chai Maorong , Li Yujing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is heavily dependent on the microstructure of electrode catalyst especially at low catalyst loadings. This work shows a hybrid electrocatalyst consisting of PtNi-W alloy nanocrystals loaded on carbon surface with atomically dispersed W sites by a two-step straightforward method. Single-atomic W can be found on the carbon surface, which can form protonic acid sites and establish an extended proton transport network at the catalyst surface. When implemented in membrane electrode assembly as cathode at ultra-low loading of 0.05 mgPt cm−2, the peak power density of the cell is enhanced by 64.4% compared to that with the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The theoretical calculation suggests that the single-atomic W possesses a favorable energetics toward the formation of *OOH whereby the intermediates can be efficiently converted and further reduced to water, revealing a interfacial cascade catalysis facilitated by the single-atomic W. This work highlights a novel functional hybrid electrocatalyst design from the atomic level that enables to solve the bottle-neck issues at device level.
Criminal Careers of Burglars and Robbers in the Netherlands
Authors: Kros Mathijs , Piersma Tjeerd W. , Beijersbergen Karin A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates criminal career characteristics and trajectories of domestic burglars, residential and commercial robbers, and street robbers in the Netherlands. We used longitudinal data which includes the criminal cases from 1997 until 2020 for all people of 12 years or older. We studied all 89,062 offenders that had at least one criminal case in the period between 2002 and 2004. Semiparametric group trajectory models were used to cluster these offenders into groups with similar criminal careers. Our results suggest that in order to predict who will follow the career path of a life-course persistent offender, it is important to distinguish between specific groups of offenders. Life-course persistent offenders are found amongst domestic burglars, residential and commercial robbers, and street robbers, but not amongst offenders of other types of crime. Furthermore, the size of the group of life-course persistent offenders varies between the domestic burglars, residential and commercial robbers, and street robbers and is largest for domestic burglars. Other criminal career characteristics, such as age of onset, age of termination, duration, and specialisation, are also compared between offender groups.
Numerical modeling of near-wellbore diverter bridging in hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Luo Bo , Han Yanhui , Wong George K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, we used a particle transport model integrated into the fluid solver in FLAC to simulate the transport of particles in the near-wellbore region inside a hydraulic fracture. Complex flow behaviors, including divergent flow near the fracture entrance and detouring flow around diverter packs, can be captured in this coupling system. In the numerical implementation, the coupled fluid flow and particle transport are realized by updating the fracture permeability, particle concentration, and velocities of fluid and particles in each time step. Simulation results indicate that the final shape of the particle bridging zone at the near-wellbore region is determined by the flow-driven and settling-driven particle transport. A continuous bridging band initially forms at the bottom region of the fracture, then the fluid-driven particles move upwards to block the top region of the fracture. Lastly, a V-shaped bridging band is formed inside the fracture. It is observed that high initial particle concentration and large particle size result in the creation of a small-scale bridging band near the injection entrance, which promotes the rapid growth of the closed bridging band and high-pressure buildup.
Raw Material Surveys and Their Behavioral Implications in Highland Lesotho
Authors: Gregory Alex , Mitchell Peter , Pargeter Justin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Archaeologists have long considered climate change a primary mechanism behind human behavioral adaptations. The Lesotho highlands’ Afromontane and climatically extreme environments offer a unique opportunity to examine proposed correlations between topography, climate, and human behavior. Previous studies suggest that warmer temperatures allowed humans to expand their diet breadth and foraging range, whereas colder temperatures restricted humans to resources in riverine corridors. These studies used faunal and floral change as proxies to track changes in forager mobility but did not consider how differential access to stone resources affected human behaviors. To account for this gap, we conducted a survey for knappable rocks around the Sehonghong rock shelter in eastern Lesotho, recording the materials present and their size and shape in the modern environment. We compared the survey results to later Pleistocene (~ 22–11 ka cal. BP) lithic assemblages at Sehonghong to better understand whether archaeological patterns match modern knappable rock availability. Contrary to previous hypotheses, we find that past peoples at Sehonghong were not limited to exclusively riverine resources during colder conditions. We then used flake-to-core and noncortical-to-cortical flake ratios to track changes in mobility and knappable rock procurement patterns. The ratios remain constant up until the Late Glacial, ca. 14 ka cal. BP, when we see an increase in both flake-to-core and noncortical-to-cortical ratios, suggesting increased movement of stone out of Sehonghong. These conclusions show that resource procurement and mobility patterns are not solely dependent on climate change but may be driven by more complicated causal mechanisms such as increased interaction and the formation of social networks across the Lesotho highlands and beyond.
Productivity and Quality Variations in Sugar Beet Induced by Soil Application of K-Humate and Foliar Application of Biostimulants Under Salinity Condition
Authors: Nassar M. A. A. , El-Magharby Samia S. , Ibrahim Nada S. , Kandil Essam E. , Abdelsalam Nader R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAbiotic stresses are the most major limitation to crop production, causing yield losses up to 50%, and consider the major challenges for production of crops. Thus, an experiment was conducted to determine how sugar beet would respond to soil application of K-humate rates and foliar application of biostimulants under salt stress. Split-plot design in three replicates was used in both seasons, where K-humate rates fertigation (control, 12, and 24 kg ha−1) allocated in the main plots, and different foliar application of BS arranged within the subplot (i.e., (1) water spray, (2) salicylic acid (SA) at the rate of 100 mg L−1, (3) fulvic acid (FA) at the rate of 1.2 kg ha−1, (4) hydroxyproline (HP) 1000 mg L−1, (5) SA at 100 mg L−1 + FA at 1.2 kg ha−1, (6) SA at 100 mg/L + HP at 1000 mg L−1, (7) FA at 1.2 kg ha−1 + HP at 1000 mg L−1, (8) SA 100 mg L−1 + FA 1.2 kg ha−1 + HP 1000 mg L−1) in the two seasons. The finding results revealed that soil application of K-humate, foliar application of BS, and their interaction significantly affected yield, growth, and quality characteristics of sugar beet under soil salinity, furthermore with soil application of K-humate at the rate of 24 kg ha−1 with foliar spray of FA + HP recorded the highest of growth traits, top, root, sucrose %, sugar yields/ha−1 and the lowest values of Na content in the juice and quality of sugar beet under the study conditions, Alexandria, Egypt.
Cost reduction in low-carbon hydrogen: effective but insufficient to mitigate carbon emissions
Authors: Wei Taoyuan , Glomsrød Solveig 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany countries have announced hydrogen promotion strategies to achieve net zero CO2 emissions around 2050. The cost of producing low-carbon (green and blue) hydrogen has been projected to fall considerably as production is scaled up, although more so for green hydrogen than for blue hydrogen. This article uses a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to explore whether the cost reduction of green and blue hydrogen production can mitigate the use of fossil fuels and related carbon emissions. The results show that cost reduction can raise low-carbon hydrogen consumption markedly in relative terms but marginally in absolute terms, resulting in a modest decrease in fossil fuel use and related carbon emissions. The cost reduction of low-carbon hydrogen slightly lowers the use of coal and gas but marginally increases the use of oil. If regional CO2 taxes are introduced the increase in green hydrogen production is considerably larger than in the case of low-carbon hydrogen cost reduction alone. However, if cost reduction in low-carbon hydrogen is introduced in addition to the CO2 tax the emissions from fossil fuels are only marginally reduced. Hence, synergy effects between the two measures on emissions are practically absent. A low-carbon hydrogen cost reduction alone is effective but insufficient to have a substantial climate impact. This study also calls for modeling development to capture special user preferences for low-carbon hydrogen related to climate mitigation when phasing in new energy carriers like hydrogen.
Using a Web Map Service to map Little Ice Age glacier extents at regional scales
Authors: Reinthaler Johannes , Paul Frank 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExtending the record of glacier area changes into the past improves our understanding of climate change impacts. Although analogue maps showing historic glacier extents are abundant, digital outlines from before the satellite era are sparse as the digitisation of moraines and trimlines on freely available satellite images is challenging. With the now available very high-resolution images provided by Web Map Services (WMS), new doors are open for the precise digitisation. Here, we used the ESRI WMS to digitise Little Ice Age (LIA) glacier extents and present area changes since the LIA in four selected regions along with a detailed uncertainty analysis. We used modern glacier outlines as a starting point and additionally consulted Sentinel-2 images, the ArcticDEM and historic maps for interpretation. Dating records from the literature allowed calculating area change rates. In total, 493 LIA glaciers (4640 km2, now 891 ice bodies with 3590 km2) were digitised, yielding relative area changes of −20% (−0.14% a−1), −15% (−0.10% a−1), −26% (−0.16% a−1) and −61% (−0.19% a−1) for Alaska, Baffin Island, Novaya Zemlya and the tropics, respectively. The ESRI WMS images are a great asset to precisely map moraines and trimlines, but information about the timing of the related extents requires further sources.
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Preparedness of Public Hospitals in Riyadh
Authors: Alahmari Ahmed A. , Khan Anas A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) incidents are those that involve chemical or biological warfare agents or toxic radiological or nuclear materials. These agents can cause disasters intentionally or accidentally. Hospitals play a crucial role in handling CBRN disasters. This study aimed to assess the CBRN preparedness of government hospitals in Riyadh.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across government hospitals in Riyadh. All government hospitals with more than 100 inpatient beds and an emergency department met the inclusion criteria. Hospital preparedness was assessed using an adaptation of the CBRNE (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive event) Plan Checklist. This adaptation was chosen due to the inclusion of explosive events in hospital disaster readiness, and its structural composition of key clinical guidelines necessary for a comprehensive disaster and readiness plan. Results were described in frequencies across several domains such as foundational considerations and planning which are used to assess plan preparedness using readiness tools, training, and awareness among staff members in accordance to a pre-established emergency plan, placed procedures and their implementation, and modules for preparing for a biological incident, a chemical incident, and a radiological or nuclear incident.

Results:
Of the 11 eligible hospitals, 10 participated in the study. Furthermore, CBRN considerations were included in the disaster plans of 7 hospitals. Drills had been conducted in collaboration with local agencies in only 2 hospitals. The staff had been trained to recognize the signs and symptoms of exposure to class (A) biological agents in less than half of the hospitals. Eight of the hospitals had antidotes and prophylactics to manage chemical incidents, but only half of them had radiation detection instruments. Personal protective equipment was available in all hospitals, but rapid access to stockpiles of medications was available in only half of them.

Conclusions:
Government hospitals in Riyadh demonstrated insufficient CBRN preparedness as per the CBRNE Plan Checklist. Overall, there was a lack of preemptive planning, application of pre-established policies and procedures, and adequate staff training. Furthermore, several hospitals had insufficient stockpiles of medications and in concrete plans on accessing government stockpiles in the case of an emergency. Therefore, their staffs should be trained to manage CBRN emergencies, and local drills should be conducted to improve their preparedness.
The effectiveness of high-commitment human resource practices for employee knowledge sharing
Authors: Matošková Jana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPromoting knowledge sharing among employees is vital for companies whose competitive advantage is based on innovation. However, there is inadequate empirical evidence to show that human resource practices intensify knowledge sharing. Thus, this study examines whether high-commitment human resource management can boost knowledge sharing among staff members. A cross-sectional survey of permanent employees was conducted (N = 480) to examine the suitability of the secondary constructs ‘knowledge sharing in the organisation’ and ‘high-commitment human resource management’ using confirmatory factor analysis; their mutual relationship via structural equation modelling was also explored. The findings indicate that high-commitment human resource management increases knowledge dissemination in organisations. Additionally, they suggest that firms should concentrate on hiring selectively, providing autonomy and motivating work tasks to employees, setting practices for performance management and career management, and investing in employee training and development to support firm innovativeness.
Lean legacy, heavy heritage: family history of diabetes and its association with young adult body mass index
Authors: Kowaleski-Jones Lori , Zick Cathleen , Brown Barbara , Curtis David , Meeks Huong , Smith Ken 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSubstantial intergenerational transmission of diabetes mellitus (DM) risk exists. However, less is known regarding whether parental DM and DM among extended family members relate to adult offspring’s body mass index (BMI), and whether any of these associations vary by sex. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997 cohort (NLSY97), we assess the sex-specific relationship between DM present in first-degree parents and second-degree relatives and BMI among the parents’ young adult offspring.Multivariate regressions reveal a positive relationship between parental DM and young adults’ BMI for both daughters and sons, and the magnitude of coefficients is somewhat larger for the same-sex parent. Further, we observe that the link between parental DM and young adults’ BMI is strongest when both parents have diagnosed diabetes. In contrast, the relationship between second-degree relatives with DM and the respondent’s BMI is weaker and appears to be sex-specific, through same-sex parent and respondent. Logistic regressions show the association is especially strong when assessing how parental DM status relates to young adults’ obesity risk. These results generally persist when controlling for parental BMI. The findings of this study point to the need to better distinguish the role of shared family environments (e.g., eating and physical activity patterns) from shared genes in order to understand factors that may influence young adults’ BMI. Young adult offspring of parents with diabetes should be targeted for obesity prevention efforts in order to reduce their risks of obesity and perhaps diabetes.
Functional neuroimaging of resilience to trauma: convergent evidence and challenges for future research
Authors: Norbury Agnes , Seeley Saren H. , Perez-Rodriguez M. Mercedes , Feder Adriana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResilience is broadly defined as the ability to adapt successfully following stressful life events. Here, we review functional MRI studies that investigated key psychological factors that have been consistently linked to resilience to severe adversity and trauma exposure. These domains include emotion regulation (including cognitive reappraisal), reward responsivity, and cognitive control. Further, we briefly review functional imaging evidence related to emerging areas of study that may potentially facilitate resilience: namely social cognition, active coping, and successful fear extinction. Finally, we also touch upon ongoing issues in neuroimaging study design that will need to be addressed to enable us to harness insight from such studies to improve treatments for – or, ideally, guard against the development of – debilitating post-traumatic stress syndromes.
Corticolimbic connectivity mediates the relationship between pubertal timing and mental health problems
Authors: Vijayakumar Nandita , Whittle Sarah , Silk Timothy J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundUndergoing puberty ahead of peers (‘earlier pubertal timing’) is an important risk factor for mental health problems during early adolescence. The current study examined pathways between pubertal timing and mental health via connectivity of neural systems implicated in emotional reactivity and regulation (specifically corticolimbic connections) in 9- to 14-year-olds.MethodResearch questions were examined in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a large population representative sample in the United States. Linear mixed models examined associations between pubertal timing and resting-state corticolimbic connectivity. Significant connections were examined as potential mediators of the relationship between pubertal timing and mental health (withdrawn depressed and rule-breaking) problems. Exploratory analyses interrogated whether the family environment moderated neural risk patterns in those undergoing puberty earlier than their peers.ResultsEarlier pubertal timing was related to decreased connectivity between limbic structures (bilateral amygdala and right hippocampus) and the cingulo-opercular network, left amygdala and somatomotor (mouth) network, as well as between the left hippocampus and ventral attention network and visual network. Corticolimbic connections also mediated the relationship between earlier pubertal timing and increased withdrawn depressed problems (but not rule-breaking problems). Finally, parental acceptance buffered against connectivity patterns that were implicated in withdrawn depressed problems in those undergoing puberty earlier than their peers.ConclusionFindings highlight the role of decreased corticolimbic connectivity in mediating pathways between earlier pubertal timing and withdrawn depressed problems, and we present preliminary evidence that the family environment may buffer against these neural risk patterns during early adolescence.
Radio wave propagation analysis with dominant path model using MIMO antenna element for vehicular base station application
Authors: Roja Vadlamudi , D. Sriram Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA low-profile slant ±45° polarized antenna for a 4G/5G base station with a dominant path wave propagation model (DPM) is reported in this paper. For dual-polarization and wide impedance bandwidth, the two dipole radiators are crisscrossed and a square metallic ring is integrated with the dipole arms and screwed with the four shorting vias. The antenna operates in Band 40/41/42/43 with strong isolation and low ECC (Envelop Correlation Coefficient). Fabricated antenna results show that the predicted wideband antenna has 13.38% bandwidth in 4G, which is Band 40/41, and 29.33% bandwidth in 5G sub-6 GHz Band 42/43. The antenna has a consistent radiation pattern, a 40 dB XPD (Cross Pol Discrimination), and a beam width of 69.5° ±1.5° in the entire frequency band. Three base station sites were explored to deploy the radiation pattern of a dual-polarized antenna in the 3D EM (Electromagnetic Analysis) tool. To evaluate signal quality, strength, radio network planning, and wave propagation analysis by analyzing antenna performance in real-time scenarios with 64 and 256 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) techniques. For the proposed four-stream MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) antenna arrangement at deployed cell sites for 4G/5G base station applications, the maximum downlink and uplink data rates are 3.826/2.8 Mbps and 1044/800 Mbps respectively.