bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Inhibition and Variability of Two Different RT-qPCR Assays Used for Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater
Authors: Scott George , Evens Nicholas , Porter Jonathan , Walker David I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFaecal shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its subsequent detection in wastewater turned the spotlight onto wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for monitoring the coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. WBE for SARS-CoV-2 has been deployed in 70 countries, providing insights into disease prevalence, forecasting and the spatiotemporal tracking and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Wastewater, however, is a complex sample matrix containing numerous reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) inhibitors whose concentration and diversity are influenced by factors including population size, surrounding industry and agriculture and climate. Such differences in the RT-qPCR inhibitor profile are likely to impact the quality of data produced by WBE and potentially produce erroneous results.To help determine the possible impact of RT-qPCR assay on data quality, two assays employed by different laboratories within the UK’s SARS-CoV-2 wastewater monitoring programme were assessed in the Cefas laboratory in Weymouth, UK. The assays were based on Fast Virus (FV) and qScript (qS) chemistries using the same primers and probes, but at different concentrations and under different cycling conditions. Bovine serum albumin and MgSO4 were also added to the FV assay reaction mixture. Two-hundred and eighty-six samples were analysed, and an external control RNA (EC RNA)-based method was used to measure RT-qPCR inhibition. Compared with qS, FV showed a 40.5% reduction in mean inhibition and a 57.0% reduction in inter-sample inhibition variability. A 4.1-fold increase in SARS-CoV-2 quantification was seen for FV relative to qS; partially due (1.5-fold) to differences in reverse transcription efficiency and the use of a dsDNA standard. Analytical variability was reduced by 51.2% using FV while qS increased the number of SARS-CoV-2 negative samples by 2.6-fold. This study indicates the importance of thorough method optimisation for RT-qPCR-based WBE which should be performed using a selection of samples which are representative of the physiochemical properties of wastewater. Furthermore, RT-qPCR inhibition, analytical variability and reverse transcription efficiency should be key considerations during assay optimisation. A standardised framework for the optimisation and validation of WBE procedures should be formed including concessions for emergency response situations that would allow flexibility in the process to address the difficult balance between the urgency of providing data and the availability of resources.
Schizophrenic Thought Insertion and Self-Experience
Authors: Mathieson Darryl 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn contemporary philosophy of mind and psychiatry, schizophrenic thought insertion is often used as a validating or invalidating counterexample in various theories about how we experience ourselves. Recent work has taken cases of thought insertion to provide an invalidating counterexample to the Humean denial of self-experience, arguing that deficiencies of agency in thought insertion suggest that we normally experience ourselves as the agent of our thoughts. In this paper, I argue that appealing to a breakdown in the sense of agency to explain thought insertion is problematic, and that rather than following the prevailing binary approach which holds that certain features of consciousness go missing while others remain wholly intact, a better explanation involves construing thought insertion as a disturbing or disrupting of the subjectivity (for-me-ness) of experience. The result is that experiencing ourselves as the subject of our thoughts is where future research should be directed, given the robust persistence of this form of self-experience across psychopathological and non-psychopathological cases alike.
Divide and Rule? Why Ethical Proliferation is not so Wrong for Technology Ethics
Authors: Llorca Albareda Joan , Rueda Jon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough the map of technology ethics is expanding, the growing subdomains within it may raise misgivings. In a recent and very interesting article, Sætra and Danaher have argued that the current dynamic of sub-specialization is harmful to the ethics of technology. In this commentary, we offer three reasons to diminish their concern about ethical proliferation. We argue first that the problem of demarcation is weakened if we attend to other sub-disciplines of technology ethics not mentioned by these authors. We claim secondly that the logic of sub-specializations is less problematic if one does adopt mixed models (combining internalist and externalist approaches) in applied ethics. We finally reject that clarity and distinction are necessary conditions for defining sub-fields within ethics of technology, defending the porosity and constructive nature of ethical disciplines.
Innovative multiple resource recovery pathways from EBPR wastewater treatment–derived sludge
Authors: Binder Pablo M. , Frison Nicola , Guerra-Gorostegi Nagore , Hidayat Ipan , Paredes Lidia , Llenas Laia , Blázquez Enric , Mora Mabel , Ballottari Matteo , Cazzaniga Stefano , Fatone Francesco , Salas Sergio Ponsá 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWastewater treatment–derived sludge is a growing concern. Environmental issues, rising sludge production rates, and stringent regulations create the necessity to seek for treatment and valorization alternatives. Sludge is a potential source of high-value materials which can be recovered and transformed into new products such as animal feeds; bioplastics; biofuels, biostimulants; or biobased fertilizers. Considering the current legal constraints hindering the use of certain waste streams, the objective of this work is to show the technical viability for obtaining multiple valuable products from sludge. The emphasis is placed on novel valorization pathways, such as microalgae and purple bacteria cultures growing over sludge. The obtained products are benchmarked against traditional methods for resource recovery such as direct land application and P recovery from ashes. Our results show, besides the nutrient (TKN 7.38, TP 4.41; K 0.47 g 100 g TS-1) and energy content (HHV 22.53 MJ Kg-1 TS), that sludge could be employed to produce a suitable growing medium for microalgae and purple bacteria cultures obtaining, in the latter, remarkable high contents of high-quality proteins (64.50 % dw) for potential valorization as animal feed ingredient. We also obtained nutrient rich microalgae biomass (TKN 7.10, TP 8.10; K 0.40 g 100 g TS-1) which could be used as inputs for biobased fertilizers or biostimulants preliminarily complying with the nutrient requirements in EU 2019/1009. Current global scenario, showing economic and supply risk uncertainties regarding food production inputs, generates the urgent need to find feasible pathways for obtaining recovered products such as the ones presented in this study.
Graphical abstract
On the effects that motivate pesticide use in perspective of designing a cropping system without pesticides but with mineral fertilizer—a review
Authors: Pergner Isabell , Lippert Christian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the future, a cropping system that guarantees food security by delivering high yields and, simultaneously, protects our environment is desperately needed. This can be achieved through a cropping system that waives chemical synthetic plant protection products, which endanger, for example, biodiversity and water resources. However, such a system, referred to here as the mineral-ecological cropping system (MECS), should still allow for the usage of mineral fertilizers to ensure high yields. It can be thought of as a compromise between the current conventional and organic cropping systems. This article presents a comprehensive literature review on the economic, social, and environmental effects of pesticides and the resulting reasons farmers have to use (or not use) them. Hereby, regarding future pesticide reduction, we identify hindrances and potential benefits that could be mobilized to design the MECS. The major points are the following: in a MECS, (1) it is expected that yields and temporal stability of yields will be higher than in organic farming, but lower than in conventional farming; (2) profitability might suffer due to high input costs and energy consumption; (3) it is expected that soil fertility and biodiversity protection will increase along with the promotion of alternative disease and pest control measures; (4) crop rotations will be wider and more diverse than in conventional farming; (5) mineral fertilizer cannot be optimally used by the crops unless a balanced supply of nitrogen is achieved. Farmers who want to switch to MECS should be compensated as they are likely to experience higher costs and lower yield and yield stability. The lessons learned from this review will help to progress toward an innovative and sustainable cropping system. Further research should focus on rational farmers’ adaptation possibilities when abandoning pesticides while still using mineral fertilizers.
Traditional Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus: botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control
Authors: Xiao Si-Jia , Xu Xi-Ke , Chen Wei , Xin Jia-Yun , Yuan Wen-Lin , Zu Xian-Peng , Shen Yun-Heng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEuodiae Fructus, referred to as “Wuzhuyu” in Chinese, has been used as local and traditional herbal medicines in many regions, especially in China, Japan and Korea, for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, headache, emesis, aphtha, dermatophytosis, dysentery, etc. Substantial investigations into their chemical and pharmacological properties have been performed. Recently, interest in this plant has been focused on the different structural types of alkaloids like evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine and 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities in preclinical models, such as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular disease, etc. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information concerning the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology of Euodiae Fructus together with the toxicology and quality control, and discusses the possible direction and scope for future research on this plant.
Electronic Monitoring Devices to Support Inhalation Technique in Patients with Asthma: a Narrative Review
Authors: Eikholt Amber A. , Wiertz Mechteld B. R. , Hew Mark , Chan Amy H. Y. , van Boven Job F. M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Improper inhaling technique is common and is associated with poor patient outcomes. However, digital e-health devices may offer novel opportunities for educational support. This narrative review provides an overview of electronic monitoring devices (EMDs) measuring patient inhalation technique. We summarise their technical features, capabilities and limitations and discuss the steps necessary for implementation in clinical practice.

Recent Findings
Six EMDs measuring inhalation were identified. The quality of published evidence varied widely. Devices differed in the inhalation technique steps measured, the feedback provided and the type of sensor employed. Sustainability and battery life differed according to whether devices were built into inhalers or add-ons. Nevertheless, all EMDs could reliably capture diverse inhaler technique errors, and some can guide educational interventions and follow-up treatment. In addition, some EMDs may serve as an early warning system for exacerbations.

Summary
New-generation EMDs can measure patient inhalation technique, yet there is limited data on patient preferences, acceptability of inhaler technique monitoring, cost-effectiveness and the influence of inhaler technique monitoring on clinical outcomes, all representing areas for further research.
Volatile Lubricants Injected Through Laser Drilled Micro Holes Enable Efficiently Hydrocarbon-Free Lubrication for Deep Drawing Processes
Authors: Reichle Paul , Reichardt Gerd , Henn Manuel , Umlauf Georg , Barz Jakob , Riedmüller Kim Rouven , Liewald Mathias , Tovar Günter E. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to reduce the use of classic lubricants such as synthetic or mineral oils, emulsions or waxes in the deep drawing process, a new tribological system based on volatile lubricants was investigated. In this system, a volatile medium is injected under high pressure through laser drilled micro holes directly into the contact zone between the tool and the sheet metal and serves as a temporary lubricant. In order to investigate this tribological system under realistic conditions, strip drawing experiments with different volatile lubricants (air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and argon) were performed on galvanized sheets. Therefore, a new generation of strip drawing tools was designed and numerically calculated for low elastic deformations to ensure a uniform contact pressure distribution over the entire friction contact area. To obtain a homogeneous distribution of the volatile lubricants, a number of micro holes with a depth of several millimeters were drilled into the hardened strip drawing jaws using ultrashort pulsed laser radiation. Taking into account the capabilities of this laser drilling technique in terms of size and shape of the micro holes, computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to predict the flow behavior of the lubricant within the micro hole as well as the contact zone and were compared with observable effects in outflow tests. The chemical composition of the acting tribological layers was characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and their changes during the deep drawing process were correlated with the lubricants used as well as the measured wear and friction values.
Growth, Yield and Water Productivity of Tomato as Influenced by Deficit Irrigation Water Management
Authors: Mukherjee Sangeeta , Dash Prosanta Kumar , Das Debesh , Das Shimul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe deficit irrigation offers water savings potential that is becoming popular in arid and semi-arid regions reducing freshwater use over time. A two-year factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate growth, yield and water productivity of tomato under water deficit irrigation of the drip and furrow method. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design with drip irrigation and furrow irrigation as main plot treatments, and soil moisture regimes (0, -10, -20, -30 kPa) as subplots. Data were collected on growth parameters, physiological traits, yield and water productivity of tomato. The results showed that physiological traits, yield, and water productivity were significantly influenced by irrigation system and soil moisture regime. The drip irrigation system with -10 kPa soil moisture regime reduced total water input by 22.6% and 19.8% and gave 28% and 22% higher fruit yields in 2020 and 2021, respectively, compared with furrow irrigation system. Plant growth was higher and flowering occurred earlier (3 days) with drip irrigation system than with furrow irrigation. When the soil water content was -10 kPa, drip irrigation performed significantly better than for other soil moisture regimes by improving physiological and phenological attributes, and thereby, advancing tomato growth and fruit yield. Thus, a drip irrigation system with soil moisture regime -10 kPa could reduce total water input through precise irrigation, maximizing tomato yield and water productivity.
The multiple-level framework of developmental dyslexia: the long trace from a neurodevelopmental deficit to an impaired cultural technique
Authors: Lachmann Thomas , Bergström Kirstin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an unexpected impairment in literacy acquisition leading to specific poor academic achievement and possible secondary symptoms. The multi-level framework of developmental dyslexia considers five levels of a causal pathway on which a given genotype is expressed and hierarchically transmitted from one level to the next under the increasing influence of individual learning-relevant traits and environmental factors moderated by cultural conditions. These levels are the neurobiological, the information processing and the skill level (prerequisites and acquisition of literacy skills), the academic achievement level and the level of secondary effects. Various risk factors are present at each level within the assumed causal pathway and can increase the likelihood of exhibiting developmental dyslexia. Transition from one level to the next is neither unidirectional nor inevitable. This fact has direct implications for prevention and intervention which can mitigate transitions from one level to the next. In this paper, various evidence-based theories and findings regarding deficits at different levels are placed in the proposed framework. In addition, the moderating effect of cultural impact at and between information processing and skill levels are further elaborated based on a review of findings regarding influences of different writing systems and orthographies. These differences impose culture-specific demands for literacy-specific cognitive procedures, influencing both literacy acquisition and the manifestation of developmental dyslexia.
Geriatric rehabilitation care after hip fracture
Authors: Mattiazzo G. F. , Drewes Y. M. , van Eijk M. , Achterberg W. P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
After acute hospital admission, patients with a hip fracture are frequently discharged to skilled nursing homes providing geriatric rehabilitation (GR). There are few evidence-based studies regarding specific treatment times and assessments during GR. This study aims to provide a description of care for hip fracture patients during GR in the Netherlands.

Methods
Descriptive study analyzing the care pathways from GR facilities, regarding healthcare professionals involved, allocated treatment time per profession, total length of rehabilitation stay, and assessment instruments. Based on the reimbursement algorithm (diagnostic treatment combination = DBCs), of 25 patients, the registered actual treatment time per profession was calculated.

Results
The care pathways pivoted on three groups of health care professionals: medical team (MT), physiotherapy (PT), and occupational therapy (OT). There was some discrepancy between the allocated time in the care pathways and the calculated mean actual treatment time from the DBCs. First week: MT 120–180 min, DBC 120 (SD: 59) minutes; PT 120–230 min, DBC 129 (SD: 58) minutes; and OT 65–165 min, DBC 93 (SD: 61) minutes. From week two onwards, MT 15–36 min, DBC 49 (SD: 29) minutes; PT 74–179 min, DBC 125 (SD: 50) minutes; and OT 25–60 min, DBC 47 (SD: 44) minutes. Dieticians, psychologists, and social workers were sporadically mentioned. There was heterogeneity in the assessment and screening tools.

Conclusions
It is difficult to define current standard care in GR after hip fracture in the Netherlands due to the diversity in care pathways and large practice variation. This is a problem in conducting randomized effectiveness research with care provided as control.

Trial register and date of registration
NL7491 04-02-2019.
Research on auxiliary training system of oral English pronunciation based on data extraction
Authors: Qin Xiaomei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDue to the limitations of the language environment and other aspects, students generally have problems such as inaccurate English pronunciation in oral English learning. To solve the English pronunciation problem, an English oral pronunciation auxiliary training system based on data extraction is designed. With the help of the B/S three-tier structure, the system designs the overall framework of the system, including the data layer, business logic layer, and display layer. In the hardware design of the system, the collection, transmission, and processing of oral English pronunciation audio are realized with the help of pickup, audio Bluetooth chip, and programmable logic controller. Three business processing programs are designed, including a pronunciation audio input processing program, pronunciation audio data extraction program, and pronunciation auxiliary training program, to correct oral English pronunciation. The experimental results show that the system can improve students' oral English pronunciation and improve students' oral learning performance.
A novel strategy for a reinforced anammox process with iron-modified Enteromorpha prolifera biochar
Authors: Xu Ao , Tian Yuan , Chen Guanghui , Gao Dawen , Yu Deshuang , Liang Hong , Wang Yanyan , Zhang Qiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModified biochar with higher electron transport and adsorption capabilities could significantly improve the performance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox). However, there are few related investigations on the reinforcement of anammox through iron-modified Enteromorpha prolifera biochar (IMEPB). In this study, with the addition of the IMEPB in the anammox system, the enhancing process of anammox performance was studied, the improving feasibility of anammox was evaluated, and the reinforcing mechanism of anammox was elucidated. The results showed that the optimal iron−charcoal ratio (Fe:C) and IMEPB dosage were 1:10 and 10 g L−1, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, when the nitrogen loading rate gradually increased to 0.557 (kg m−3 day−1), the nitrogen removal efficiency and nitrogen removal rate of the anammox process supplemented with IMEPB increased by 11%, and the specific anammox activity increased by 23.8%. Compared with the control, the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of anammox bacteria supplemented IMEPB increased by 24.4%, greatly improving the stability of the anammox system. Meanwhile, EPS secretion further promoted the microbial activity of anammox bacteria, achieving a 19% increase in the abundance of Candidatus Brocadia. These findings demonstrate the potential mechanism of IMEPB in improving anammox, provide new insights into recycling E. prolifera, and provide a novel reinforcement strategy for anammox. In the future, adding IMEPB may be a vital measure for the practical application of anammox in coastal areas.
Graphical Abstract