bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial flora isolated from genital tract of cows submitted for artificial insemination in Balad district
Authors: Kather Nooralden Yassin , Hasan A. SH. , Dawood Wedad Salih , Mohammed Salah Noori 
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted at the Veterinary Clinic for Artificial Insemination and Genital Diseases in Balad district for the period from 1st. January/2011 to 30th. June/2011. Vaginal aspirates were collected from vaginal fornix of cows during the estrus cycle attending the clinic for artificial insemination using frozen semen. A total of 90 cows were included, 60 of which were multiparous and 30 cows were heifers. The aspirate materials were streaked on Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Bacterial isolation and identification was based on standard bacteriological criteria. The study revealed that S. aureus was the most frequently isolated from heifers (36.7%), followed by E.coli (30.0%) and proteus spp. (6.7%). Whereas, 8 (26.6%) were culture negative. In multiparous cows, the highest bacterial isolates were E. coli (38.3%), and S. aureus (20.0%). Mixed bacterial growth was found in 40% of multiparous cows and 5 (8.3%) were culture negative. Multiparous cows with five previous deliveries had highest isolation rate (32.7%).
Histology of ovine placenta during gestation periods
Authors: Shalal M. S. , Mohammed T. R. , Majeed A. F. 
Published: August 2023

Placetomes were collected from 93 pregnant slaughtered Ewes at different gestation periods , from AL.Falluja slaughter house during the periods from 2, Jully 2009 to 30, December ,2010 . Tissue specimens for microscopic examination were taken from the centers of the sampled placentomes .Immediately following collection ,the samples were fixed in 10% bufferd neutral formalin for 24 h .Tissue specimens were dehydrated in a graded series of alcohol , cleared by xylol and embded in paraffin .Histologic section were cut at 3-4 µm thickness ,Stained with hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) (6).The period of gestation were measured according to Richardson (7) with aquation of x =2.1(Y+17) as x= gestation period in day and Y=the crown Rump
Histologic examination during early pregnancy (30 – 40 d) Showed a pronounced BNC with anumbe of nuclei with in each cellular boundary in the uterine epithelium indicates that possible fusions are restricted , It is also there is an increase in blood vascularity. At 40 – 50 d of pregnancy, there was a further increase in caruncular vascularity by 2-fold characterized by increase capillary number and 2 to 3 – fold increase in capillary diameter. Endometrial gland hyperplasia showed during this period . Then placentomes showed grow in number and size until 8oth day. It was shown that the BNCS of the trophoblast increase in size, in polarity and in the number of their cytoplasmic granules as pregnancy advanced.
An evaluation of different vaccine models to protect mice from visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Taher Jasim Hameed 
Published: August 2023

A soluble cocktail vaccine was prepared from sonicated promastigotes of five Iraqi Leishmania isolates with some adjuvants (BCG and Alum), was used experimentally to protect Balb/c mice against visceral leishmaniasis. Groups of mice were immunized with a soluble cocktail of antigens given in 75 μg /0.1 ml of phosphate buffer saline with booster at different intervals. Full protection was observed when mice were challenged one month post vaccination ; the challenged mice were rechallenged after six weeks. At the eighth week post challenge, the results exhibited complete resistance to the rechallenge (no parasites in culture media or impression smears of liver and spleen were noticed). A long run follow-up was performed. Five of the twelve vaccinated mice developed infection, which resolved by 16 weeks. Significant cellular and humoral response (Delayed hypersensitivity, Immunoglobulin levels, Lymphocyte subsets, Cytokine levels, Eosinophil cationic protein and Macrophages migration inhibition) to Leishmania donovani were demonstrated in all of the groups that were subjected to 75 μg of antigens. Protein bands of crude antigens of Leishmania isolates by SDS - PAGE and Western blotting and the specific protein bands for leishmanial cocktail was determined to be 18 k Da. Results of vaccination with 75 μg antigens and booster doses revealed that immunization against L.donovani could be a practical method of protection from visceral leishmaniasis.
The effect of experimentally induced vitamin E and selenium deficiency on Creatine Kinase (CK) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) activities in Awassi ewes and their newborn lambs
Authors: Abood H. K. , H. Judi A. M. , AL-Ani A. A. 
Published: August 2023

Experimental induction of vitamin E and selenium deficiency by deficient diet was carried out on Awassi ewes and their newborn lambs to study the effect of the deficiency on serum levels of Creatine Kinase (CK) and Aspartate Aminotransferse (AST). Fourteen animals in the deficient group and 7 animals in the control group were used. Results showed increased Creatine Kinase (CK) levels reaching (2070.51 ± 22.22 U/L) and (2756.52 ± 20.79 U/L) in deficient groups of ewes and lambs respectively compared with control groups in which levels reached (211.07 ± 2.23 U/L) and (292.52 ± 1.20 U/L) respectively.Results showed increased Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) levels reaching (143.71± 4.28 U/L) and (145.40 ± 7.94 U/L) in deficient groups of ewes and lambs respectively compared with control groups in which levels reached (69.14 ± 2.78 U/L) and (72.85 ± 2.33 U/L) respectively.
Detection of extended spectrum-beta lactamase enzymes producing E. coli that isolated from urine
Authors: Al-salamy Adnan kreem 
Published: August 2023

The production of extended-spectrum- β lactamases (ESBLs) is an important mechanism for resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins. ESBLs represent a major group of lactamases enzymes that mostly produced by gram-negative bacteria, so the detection of these enzymes are very important for optimal patients care. The present study was done to detect extended spectrum beta lactamase producing E. coli among urinary tract infected patients. A total of 223 urine samples were examined for presence of E. coli and those producing ESBL enzymes. Urine samples were cultured for aerobic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility testing carried out by using Kirby-Baur agar diffusion method. Coli were tested for ESBLs on Mueller-Hinton agar by both modified double disk ( MDDT ) and phenotypic confirmatory test. E. coli was the most common bacteria isolated from urine 104 ( 44.2 ).78 E. coli isolated from urine are tested for ESBL production and it was found that 30 ( 38.4 ) were MDDT positive and 27 phenotypic confirmatory test positive. Three strain E. coli were MDDT positive but negative by phenotypic confirmatory. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that E. coli isolated were totally resist ( 100% ) to ampicillin, moxicillin,and trimethoprim but maximum susceptible to imipenem ( 100% ) and variable resistant to another antibiotics. The ESBLs producing E. coli are highly resist to different types of antibiotics , especially third generation cephalosporins.
Tick distribution and infestation among sheep and cattle in Baghdad’s south suburb
Authors: Hasson Raad Hammodi 
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted in Aldoura region south Baghdad from January to December 2010 ; out of 284 animals , only 79 were infested ( 23 cattle and 56 sheep) . The total tick prevalence was 27.8% ( 19.7% and 8.1% for sheep and cattle respectively ) . Ticks predilection sites were more prevalent on cattle's udder (41%) and sheep's ear and tail (38%) . The high number of infestation was in May and July months respectively. 521 ticks were collected and 3 genera ( Hyalomma 70%, Rhipicephalus 25% and Boophilus 5% ) were recorded from April to October months of the year . The total tick index found 1.84 . 13 species were identified; H. anatolicum anatolicum had highest tick index 0.54 among all ticks, followed by H. anatolicum excavatum, H. asiaticum asiaticum , H. marginatum marginatum , Hyalomma marginatum turanicum, Hyalomma detritum ; Rhipicephalus turanicus was highest tick index of Rhipicephalus genus ,then R. bursa, R. sanguineus ; B. annulatus was higher indexed than B. kohlsi among Boophilus genus; lowest index were found to Hyalomma spp. and B. kohlsi . Ticks spp. monthly distribution was significant (p.<0.001) . B. kohlsi , firstly record in Baghdad region and from sheep host. Given data might be aid in control ticks and minimize public and veterinary infections .
A comparative study of the effect of Asacol and the ethanolic extracts of Matricaria chamomilla and Terminalia chebula on induced ulcerative colitis in rabbits
Authors: Sabeeh Al-Hussaini Jinan Abdul-Amir , Latif Al-Hussaini Ahmed Dhahir , Abd Aleem Hussein 
Published: August 2023

Twenty four local rabbits were used in this study separated into four groups. Ulcerative colitis (UC) was induced in all rabbits by rectal administration of 5% glacial acetic acid-30% ethanol (GAA 5%). Animals in the control group were orally (p.o) administered with distilled water, group 2 was administered with Asacol at a dose of 800 mg/kg BW/day p.o., where as group 3 was given ethanolic extract of Chamomile at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW/day p.o, and finally; the rabbits of group four were received 1000 mg/kg BW/day p.o of ethanolic extract of Haritaki. Each of the above agents was administered two days prior to induction of UC (as a single daily dose), the day of induction, and a dose 22 hours post-induction (i.e., 2 hours prior to sacrificing of the animal). The effects were observed as changes in the serum electrolytes (sodium and potassium), changes in haematological aspects including; Total white blood cell count (total WBC), lymphocytes count, Red blood cell count (RBC), Blood haemoglobin (HGB), and Packed cell volume (PCV%). Besides the examination of gross and histopathological changes of the colon segments for all the tested rabbits. In conclusion, GAA 5%-induced colitis in rabbits is preferred for testing the anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer effectiveness of new therapeutic modalities. Asacol showed high potent anti-inflammatory and protective effect against ulceration and inflammation of colon. As well as, ethanolic extracts of both Chamomile and Haritaki have an accepted prophylactic activity against GAA 5%-induced colitis in rabbits through correction of the changed electrolytes, haematological parameters and histopathological signs.
Prevalence and Bacterial Etiology of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Al Sulaimaniyah District
Authors: Hussein Suha A. 
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive data regarding subclinical mastitis in dairy cows are essential for implementation of an appropriate control programs for this economically significant disease Such data are unavailable in Al Sulaimaniyah district in Iraqi Kurdistan Region, therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence, bacterial causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibility of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in this district. A total of 288 milk samples obtained from 72 dairy cows in 5 different regions in Al Sulaimaniyah district were investigated for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test (CMT). Milk samples with positive results to CMT were subjected to bacteriological analysis. Out of the 72 cows tested, 28 (38.89%) showed positive results for subclinical mastitis, of which, 15 were Holstein-Friesian cows, 4 were native cows and 9 were crossbred cows. Regarding age susceptibility, 7 infected cows were 2-4 years old and the other 21 were 5-7 years old. A total of 62 bacterial isolates were recovered and the biochemical tests revealed these isolates belonging to 8 species. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcucs agalactiae were the most common bacteria followed by Streptococcucs uberis, Streptococcucs dysgalactiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus chromogenes respectively. Antibacterial susceptibility testing showed that the simultaneous use of florfenicol, cephalexin, erythromycin and ampicillin may be useful for the treatment of subclinical mastitis cases in cattle in Al Sulaimaniyah district.
Protective Effect of Arabic Gum on liver Injury Experimentally Induced by Gentamycin in Mice
Authors: Al-Kenanny E. R. , Al-Hayaly L. K. , Al-Badrany A. G. 
Published: August 2023

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of Arabic gum (Ag) on hepatotoxicity induced by gentamycin in mice. Forty adult male Bulb/c mice were used. The animal were divided into four groups (Gs) each group 10 animals. G1 considered as control, G2 treated with gentamycin(40mg/kg/day) for 8 days (i.p.). G3 treated with Ag (10 gm/kg/day) for 8 days administrated orally. Then G4 treated with both gentamycin and Ag for 8 days. Biochemically, the results showed a significant decrease in levels of serum ALT and AST in G4 as compared with G2 . Moreover, serum Glutathione (GSH) in G4 also elucidate a significant increasing in its level, as well as a significant decrease in levels of malondialdihyde (MDA). Histopathologically, liver sections of animals in G4 revealed an ameliorative effects of Ag as compared with its compatible tissue sections of G2. Liver of mice treated with Ag (G3) showed an apoptosis in hepatocytes. In conclusion, treatment of hepatotoxicity by Arabic gum , showed melioration in histopathological changes in hepatic tissues in addition to have ability for induction of apoptosis and meliorating liver picture.
Epidemiological study of Babesia spp. In stray dogs from Al-Resafa side of Baghdad province
Authors: Fadhil Ali Issa , Kalef Dalia Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

These study was conducted (102) Blood sample from stray dogs of different regions from Al-Resafa side of Baghdad province with total percentage 65.68% of Babesia spp. Infection from beginning of July 2011 to January 2012 , there highest rate was 91.66% recorded in Al-sadrea region and the lowest was 50% recorded in Al-showrga region without significant difference (P<0.05) , Fall session recorded the highest infection rate 74.28% , the lowest rate in Winter was 53.84% , the results reveled significant difference(P<0.05) between males and females infection rates in Al-Sadreea region 72.72% , 27.27% respectively while there was no significant difference (P<0.05) in total infection between males and females that have been recorded 52.23%, 49.25% respectively.
Effect of Betaine on some productive traits of turkey under heat stress
Authors: Al-Shukri A. Y. , Kaab Haider Tuma , Abdulwahab Husam Muhsin 
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted at the poultry farm, collage of veterinary, of Kufa included field experimentation which was conducted during the period from 24th of December 2010 to 23th April 2011. The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of betaine supplemented to the diet to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress through study of some productive traits of turkey were being exposed to heat stress. Sixty unsexed one day old chick turkey(Nicholas 300) average weight (58gram). The chicks were reared on a ground throughout two stages: the first stage from one day old to 12 weeks old with no treatment whereas second stage was from 13-16 weeks of age. They were randomly allocated 3 treatment groups, each comprising of 2 replicates of 10 chicks, the treatment containing three betaine levels at 0,1000,1500 mg/kg diet T1,T2 and T3 respectively, birds reared under cyclic high temperature 27-38-27 cilices and relative humidity average 55-60%.1. Birds in T2 have a higher (P<0.05) body weight in average at 16 weeks of age. And the average of weight gain during the period of 13-16 weeks of age is also higher as compared to other treatments2. During the period of 13-16 weeks of age, food conversion rate for T2 was best at significant level (P<0.05) compared with other treatment.3. Birds in T2 have a higher (P<0.05)food intake average during the period 13-16 weeks of age as compared with the other treatments.4.Abdomnal fat significantly decreased (p<0.05) while breast muscle ratio and breast meat yield were increased (p<0.01) in T3 as compared with T1 .5. birds in T2 and T3 resulted in significant decrease( P<0.05) in mortality as compared with control treatment.6. Production index (PI) and economic figure (EF) were significantly improved for T2 and T3 compared with the control.
Effect of Supplementing Different Sources and Levels of Omega-3 in Ration on Body Weights of Broilers
Authors: Sahib Ali Mahdi , Al-Hillali Ali Hussein , Al-Khalisy Abbas Fawzy 
Published: August 2023

A total of 200 male chicks (Ross 308) were divided randomly at day-old into equal 5 treatments groups (40 birds each treatment), as following: T1/ birds fed basal diet without supplement with omega-3 fatty acids (as control group) while T2, T3, T4 and T5/ birds fed basal diet supplement daily with 0.25 and 0.5% respectively from flaxseed oil and fish oil during experiment period (35 days). Results revealed significant improvement of mean live body weights at age 35 days for T3, T5 and T2 while T4 not appeared significant difference compared with T1(control group). The present study was carried out to determinate body weights of male broilers when fed on rations contains different sources and levels of omega-3 fatty acids.
A prevalence study of Isospora spp. and Hammondia heydorni in dogs in Al-Muthana province
Authors: Mallah Muhammed Oda. 
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Isospora spp and Hammondia heydorni oocysts in feces of dogs . A total of 177 fecal samples were collected from farm dogs during the period of April -3-2010 to July 7-2011that their ages ranged between (1-10) years. Fecal samples were collected from dogs and examined by direct method (by using Lugol's iodine) and by flotation method(Seathers solution) to detect of Isospora spp and Hammondia heydorni oocysts . the overall prevalence percent of Isospora spp and Hammondia heydorni was 61 (34.46% ), out of which 52(29.37%) fecal samples were positive for Isospora spp oocysts ( I.canis 12 (6.77%) and I. ohoensis 40 (22.59%) that the its measurement of oocysts were ranged between (25-44 um) x (24-39 um) and (17-24 um) x(16-22 um) respectively. the results showed in the age groups (4-7) years old were highest rate was 28.57 % , 9.52 % in infection of I.ohoensis and I.canis respectively , while were highest rate of infection of H.heydoni was 5.95% in the age groups (1-4) years old and the lowest rate was 3.33% in I.canis and H.heydoni infection and 6.66 % in I.ohoensis infection in age groups (7-10) years , there was no significant difference (P>0.05). In conclusion, this study has highlighted the prevalence of Isospora spp and Hammondia heydorni in dogs for the first time in Al-Muthana province.
Hepatoprotective and some haematological parameters effect of Allium ampeloprasum against carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in albino rats
Authors: Nasir Afyaa sabah 
Published: August 2023

The aim of the present study is to prepare ethanol extract of leek and to study the effect of its on body weight, liver weight, serum liver function enzymes, serum lipids profile and in carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) intoxicated rats. Used thirty six male rats were divided into 6 equal groups. One group of rats was fed on basal diet and kept as a negative control while three groups were administrated by CCL4 at a dose of 0.5 ml /kg body weight for induction of acute liver toxicity. The first group of the intoxicated rats was left as a positive control while the others were fed on experimental diets with leek extract at 200,400 mg/kg and other two groups were gives only 200,400 mg/kg of leek extract. At the end of experimental period (4 weeks), the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses. Livers of the sacrificed rats were removed and prepared for histopathological examination. Results showed that treatment effect of leek extract especially at 400 mg/kg in CCL4 -intoxicated rats improved their body weight .Also decreased the levels of liver enzymes,total cholesterol,triglycerides and improved lipid profile. While the doses 200,400 mg/kg of leek extract groups appear normal values of all parameters in this study .Finally histopathological examination revealed alleviation of hepatic lesions caused by CCL4 by increasing the concentration of leek extract used. In conclusion, it was suggested that leek extract could protect the liver cells from CCL4-induced liver damages perhaps, by its antioxidative effect on hepatocytes, hence eliminating the deleterious effects of toxic from CCL4.
Hydatidosis of Cattle with Secondary Bacterial Invaders
Authors: Ali Saba A. , Dawood Khairy A. , Al- Oumashi Gada B. 
Published: August 2023

Speciemens of hydatid cysts were collected from infected liver and lung of cattle , multilocullar cysts , different sizes , milky in coulor , some of them superficial while others embedded in the parenchyma of the organs . Bacteria were isolated from liver and lung infected with hydatid cysts in cattle slaughterd in Diwania slaughter house. S.aureus and C.Pyogenes were isolated from the liver , while Streptococcus spp and C. pyogenes were isolated from lung hydatid cysts . Bacterial colonies were identified by culturing on enriched and selective media with various biochemical tests . All bacterial species were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Genta- mycin While it is resistant to Carbencillin and Ampicillin. Histopathological study revealed the hydatid cysts in liver and the lung were surrounded by fibrous tissue . Coagulative necrosis were noticed in liver tissue while casouse necrosis was in lung tissue .
A Survey and Treatment of Ocular Carcinomas in Iraqi Dairy Cows from (1987- 2012)
Authors: Al-Asadi Rahi Nahi 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to survey and describe the Iraqi dairy cows population underwent eye enucleation, referring to possible complications that may be happened, the type and pathomorphological features of ocular neoplastic growths. During a study period of (25) years. A total of (12000), cows were examined. Of these 500 cows (4.17%) of different ages (3 to 12) years sufer from ocular tumors. Some of these cows were in various pregnancy stages. All animals under investigation were (local and cross breed) and from five dairy farms around Baghdad province.The majority of the cases 174 (34.8%) observed in Alrathwanya. The mostly affected age ranged between (7-8) years, the number reached 185 (37%). According to the seasons of the year, summer recored the highest number of affections, 260 (52%).The Lesions were present in the right eye 256 cases (51.2% ), in the left eye 244 cases (48.8%). Their were significant differences between non-pregnant, 425 (85%) and pregnant cows, 75 (15%). Using standard procedures, the tumors were excised surgically under the effect of local anesthesia (lidocaine 2%) with or without sedation The major surgical complications were hemorrhage in (7%) of the cases. Sewelling of pre-orbital region were observed in (15%). Orbital infections were noticed in (3%) of the cases. Partial dehiscence of the suture line was happened in (4%) of the treatment cases.Two cases (0.04%), showed transitory serosanguineous or bloody unilateral nasal discharge. Four cases (0.08%) developed recurrent tumors. Only one pregnant cow was aborted. Two cows were culled, two years post-surgery. Finally two cows were died from causes not related to surgery. The removal lesions had a nodular or cauliflower-like appearance and were varied in size from a few centimeters (12 %) to several centimeters (88%). Over a quarter (25%) of tumor lesions were ulcerated and bled easily. Microscopical apperances showed (well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma), characterized by formation of keratin pearls appear as red onion-like structures surround by inflammatory cells infiltration. The neoplastic cells showed mitotic figures, some of these cells have nucleus with prominent nucleoli. In conclusion, eye enucleation will remain an inexpensive, safe and viable treatment option for ocular diseases, in addition it increase the longevity of the cows within the herd.