bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its two host strains in China by PCR-RFLP
Authors: Jiang Jian-Zhao , Huang Bo-Yu , Wu Qian , Li Shi-Yu , Gu Jun , Huang Li-Hua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda was first found in China in 2018. In other countries, FAW has evolved corn and rice strain biotypes. It is not possible to identify these strains based on morphology. In addition, FAW is very similar in appearance to several other common pests. These situations bring great challenges to the population management of FAW. In this study, we developed a rapid identification method based on PCR-RFLP to distinguish the two FAW strains and the FAW from other lepidopteran pests. A 697 bp mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) was cloned and sequenced from FAW, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, and Mythimna separata. The COI fragments of these species revealed unique digestion patterns created by three enzymes (Tail, AlWN I, and BstY II). Thus, these four species can be distinguished from each other. The enzyme Ban I recognized a unique SNP site on a 638 bp triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) fragment of the corn strain FAW. The Tpi fragment of the corn strain was cut into two bands. However, the rice strain could not be digested. Using this method, all 28 FAW samples collected from different host plants and locations in China were identified as the corn strain. This suggests that the rice strain has not yet invaded China. This method allows discrimination of FAW from other Lepidopteran pests and distinguishes the two FAW host strains.
Approximate Expected Utility Rationalization
Authors: Echenique Federico , Imai Taisuke , Saito Kota 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We propose a new measure of deviations from expected utility theory. For any positive number e, we give a characterization of the datasets with a rationalization that is within e (in beliefs, utility, or perceived prices) of expected utility (EU) theory, under the assumption of risk aversion. The number e can then be used as a measure of how far the data is to EU theory. We apply our methodology to data from three large-scale experiments. Many subjects in these experiments are consistent with utility maximization, but not with EU maximization. Our measure of distance to expected utility is correlated with the subjects’ demographic characteristics.
A simple method for fast simulation of total reflection waves of single-well imaging with eccentric tools
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Hu Hengshan , Han Bo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the exploration of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, single-well acoustic imaging has become an important technique to detect geophysical structures around the borehole. In this study, we propose a simple method to calculate the total reflection wavefields of pressure and displacement for single-well imaging (SWI) with eccentric monopole or dipoles. To calculate the pressure at the eccentric site for incident waves with different angles of incidence and azimuth, reciprocity is applied to the radiation from the eccentric monopole source and the far-field forces generating the waves corresponding to the incident waves. Displacement solutions are derived by calculating the gradient of the pressure fields. When considering eccentric monopole or dipole sources for an inclined reflector outside the borehole, reciprocity is again used to derive the total reflection waves, including the same type of waves (P-P/SV-SV/SH- SH) and the converted waves (P- SV/SV-P). The analytical results agree well with the reference solutions of the 3D finite-difference time-domain method, illustrating the validation of the method. The analysis shows that the pressure amplitude in the eccentric position is greater than that in the borehole axis, proving that the eccentric monopole can increase the weak amplitude of reflection waves. We also simulate the wavefields for the acoustic imaging model for eccentric monopole and dipoles. The results show that the pressure and displacement wavefields in the eccentric position are sensitive to the azimuth angle of the reflector, proving that SWI with eccentric logging tools is capable of identifying the azimuth angle.
Breakthrough invasive fungal infection in patients with myeloid malignancy receiving posaconazole tablet prophylaxis: Clinical features, risk factors, and posaconazole profiles
Authors: Hong Jin Yeong , Kang Cheol-In , Yang Jinyoung , Ko Jae-Hoon , Huh Kyungmin , Cho Sun Young , Chung Doo Ryeon , Jung Chul Won , Peck Kyong Ran 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPosaconazole (PSC) delayed-release tablet prophylaxis is the standard of care for preventing invasive fungal infection (IFI) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy. The clinical features, risk factors, and PSC profiles of breakthrough IFI (bIFI) in patients receiving PSC tablet prophylaxis were investigated. A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted, including adult patients with myeloid malignancy who received prophylactic PSC tablets while undergoing chemotherapy from June 2016 to June 2021. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for bIFI. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to predict the relationship between PSC trough level at steady state and bIFI. A total of 434 patients with myeloid malignancy who received PSC tablets were screened. A total of 10 patients with bIFI were compared with 208 non-IFI patients. There were four proven and six probable IFI cases, nine due to Aspergillus, and one due to Fusarium species. The bIFI patients had higher in-hospital mortality (30.0%) than the non-IFI patients (1.9%; P &lt; 0.001). History of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (odds ratio [OR] 6.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63–24.09), prolonged neutropenia ≥28 days (OR 4.33; 95% CI 1.20–15.70), and low plasma PSC concentration &lt;0.7 µg/ml (OR 16.33; 95% CI 4.15–64.26) were risk factors for bIFI. The optimal cutoff value of plasma PSC concentration predicting bIFI was 0.765 µg/ml (sensitivity, 60.0%; specificity, 91.3%; area under the curve, 0.746). bIFI was not uncommon in patients with myeloid malignancy receiving PSC tablet prophylaxis and associated with poor outcomes. Therapeutic drug monitoring may still be necessary, even in patients receiving PSC tablets.
The progenitor galaxies of stellar haloes as ‘failed’ Milky Ways
Authors: Bose Sownak , Deason Alis J 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The stellar halo of the Milky Way records the history of its interactions with dwarf galaxies, whose subsequent destruction results in the formation of an extended stellar component. Recent works have suggested that galaxies with masses comparable to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC, $M_\star \sim 10^9$ M☉) may be the primary building blocks of the stellar halo of our Galaxy. We use cosmological simulations of the Lambda cold dark matter model to investigate LMC-mass galaxies at $z$ = 1–2 using a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation. We find that LMC analogues at $z$ = 2 evolve until the present day along three distinct pathways: (i) those that are destroyed in Milky Way-mass hosts; (ii) those that are themselves the main progenitors of Milky Way-mass galaxies; and (iii) those that survive until $z$ = 0, with stellar mass ∼1.0 dex lower than typical Milky Ways. We predict that the properties of these galaxies at $z$ = 2 (stellar metallicities, sizes, gas content, etc.) are largely indistinguishable, irrespective of which of these pathways is eventually taken; a survey targeting such galaxies in this redshift range would struggle to tell apart a ‘destroyed’ stellar halo progenitor from a ‘surviving’ LMC analogue. The only factor that determines the eventual fate of these galaxies is their proximity to a neighbouring Milky Way main progenitor at $z$ = 2: while the mean separation to a ‘surviving’ galaxy is around 7 Mpc, it is only 670 kpc to a ‘destroyed’ galaxy. This suggests that old stellar populations in the Milky Way may share intrinsic (i.e. non-dynamical) properties that are essentially indistinguishable from progenitors of its stellar halo.
Interstellar formation of functionalized cyclopropenes
Authors: Flint Athena R , Rogers Blake N , Fortenberry Ryan C 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Nearly two decades since the detection of cyclopropenone (c-C3H2O) in the interstellar medium (ISM), the understanding of how this molecule comes to be remains incomplete. Many hypotheses place the ubiquitous hydrocarbon c-C3H2 at the centre of such discussions. However, insights into c-C3H2 chemistry are further complicated by the recent detection of ethynyl cyclopropenylidene (c-C3HC2H) and the observation of a radio line possibly belonging to methylenecyclopropene (c-C3H2CH2). In a necessary reconciliation of past and current work on the chemical capabilities of c-C3H2 in interstellar environments, the formation pathways of several functionalized cyclopropenes from c-C3H2 and a hydrogenated radical are explored. Chemically accurate CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 calculations are used to evaluate the energies of reaction and generate structures along the reaction pathway for formation products deemed chemically plausible. Potential energy scans are used to include or rule out certain paths to product formation based on conformation to the necessary requirements of cold interstellar chemistry. Four functionalized cyclopropenes in addition to c-C3H2O have net exothermic reactions when forming from c-C3H2 (c-C3H2CC, c-C3H2S, c-C3H2NH, and c-C3H2CH2). The former three are found to have reaction profiles favourable for formation in the cold ISM, while c-C3H2CH2 can only form by passage through an association barrier that must be mitigated by an energy source of some kind. c-C3H2S and c-C3H2NH are the best candidates for new spectroscopic searches. A complete detection of c-C3H2CH2 is necessary to fully understand cyclopropenylidene chemistry in the ISM.
Massive pre-stellar cores in radiation-magneto-turbulent simulations of molecular clouds
Authors: He Chong-Chong , Ricotti Massimo 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We simulate the formation and collapse of pre-stellar cores at few-au resolution in a set of radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) using the grid-based code RAMSES-RT. We adopt, for the first time to our best knowledge, realistic initial/boundary conditions by zooming in on to individual massive pre-stellar cores within the GMC. We identify two distinct modes of fragmentation: ‘quasi-spherical’ and ‘filamentary’. In both modes, the fragments eventually become embedded in a quasi-steady accretion disc or toroid with radii ∼500–5000 au and opening angles H/R ∼ 0.5 − 1. The discs/toroids are Toomre stable but the accreted pre-existing fragments are found orbiting the outer disc, appearing as disc fragmentation. Each core converts nearly 100 per cent of the gas mass into a few massive stars forming near the disc centre. Large and massive discs around high-mass stars are supported by magnetic pressure in the outer disc, at radii &gt;200–1000 au, and turbulent pressure in the inner disc. The most massive core accretes several times more mass than its initial mass, forming a cluster of 8 massive (proto)stars enshrouded by a toroid, suggesting a competitive accretion scenario for the formation of stars above ∼30 M⊙. We also find that the H ii regions produced by a single massive star remain trapped in the dense circumstellar discs for a few hundred kiloyears, while the dynamic motions of massive stars in wide binaries or multiple systems displace the stars from the densest parts of the disc, allowing UV radiation to escape producing steady or pulsating bipolar H ii regions.
Survival and dynamics of rings of co-orbital planets under perturbations
Authors: Raymond Sean N , Veras Dimitri , Clement Matthew S , Izidoro Andre , Kipping David , Meadows Victoria 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
In co-orbital planetary systems, two or more planets share the same orbit around their star. Here we test the dynamical stability of co-orbital rings of planets perturbed by outside forces. We test two setups: (i) ‘stationary’ rings of planets that, when unperturbed, remain equally spaced along their orbit and (ii) horseshoe constellation systems, in which planets are continually undergoing horseshoe librations with their immediate neighbours. We show that a single rogue planet crossing the planets’ orbit more massive than a few lunar masses ($0.01\!-\!0.04 {\rm \, M_\oplus }\!\!$ ) systematically disrupts a co-orbital ring of 6, 9, 18, or 42 Earth-mass planets located at 1 au. Stationary rings are more resistant to perturbations than horseshoe constellations, yet when perturbed they can transform into stable horseshoe constellation systems. Given sufficient time, any co-orbital ring system will be perturbed into either becoming a horseshoe constellation or complete destabilization.
The C/N ratio from FUV spectroscopy as a constraint on evolution of the dwarf nova HS 0218 + 3229
Authors: Toloza Odette , Gänsicke Boris T , Guzmán-Rincón Laura M , Marsh Tom R , Szkody Paula , Schreiber Matthias R , de Martino Domitilla , Zorotovic Monica , El-Badry Kareem , Koester Detlev , Lagos Felipe 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
White dwarfs that accrete from non-degenerate companions show anomalous carbon and nitrogen abundances in the photospheres of their stellar components have been postulated to be descendants of supersoft X-ray binaries. Measuring the carbon-to-nitrogen abundance ratio may provide constraints on their past evolution. We fit far-ultraviolet spectroscopy of the cataclysmic variable HS 0218 + 3229 taken with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, and found the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is about one tenth of the Solar value $(\rm{\log \mathrm{[C/N]}}=-0.56\pm 0.15)$. We also provide estimates of the silicon and aluminium abundances, and upper limits for iron and oxygen. Using the parameters we derived for HS 0218 + 3229 we reconstruct its past. We calculated a grid of mesa models and implemented Gaussian process fits in order to determine its most likely initial binary configuration. We found that an initial mass of the donor of $M_{\rm donor;i}=0.90-0.98,\rm{\mathrm{M}_{\odot }}$ and an initial orbital period of Porb; i = 2.88 d (Porb; i = 3.12–3.16 d) for an assumed initial white dwarf mass of $\rm{M_{\mathrm{WD}}}_\mathrm{;i}=0.83\, \rm{\mathrm{M}_{\odot }}$$(\rm{M_{\mathrm{WD}}}_{\rm ;i}=0.60\, \rm{\mathrm{M}_{\odot }})$ can replicate the measured parameters. The low mass ratio, $M_{\rm donor;i} / \rm{M_{\mathrm{WD}}}_{\rm ;i} =1.08-1.18\, (1.5-1.63)$, suggests that the system did not go through a phase of hydrogen-burning on the white dwarf’s surface. However, we can not exclude a phase of thermal time-scale mass transfer in the past. We predict that HS 0218 + 3229 will evolve below the ≃ 76.2 ± 1 min period minimum for normal cataclysmic variables.
Mildly relativistic motion in the radio-quiet quasar PG 1351+640
Authors: Wang Ailing , An Tao , Guo Shaoguang , Ho Luis C , Baan Willem A , Braun Robert , Chen Sina , Cheng Xiaopeng , Hartley Philippa , Yang Jun , Zhang Yingkang 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Measuring the proper motion of the emission component in radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) could help to distinguish between the origins of the radio emission and to understand whether the jet production mechanism is the same in radio-loud quasars and RQQs. PG 1351+640 is one of the few RQQs suitable for proper motion studies: it has two compact components on milli-arcsec scales, a flat-spectrum core and a steep-spectrum jet; both components are ≳2 mJy at 5 GHz and are well suited for Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations. We compare recent VLBA observations with that made seventeen years ago and find no significant change in the core-jet separation between 2005 and 2015 (a proper motion of 0.003 mas yr−1). However, the core-jet separation increased significantly between 2015 and 2022, inferring a jet proper motion velocity of 0.063 mas yr−1, which corresponds to an apparent transverse velocity of $0.37\, c$ . The result suggests that the jet of the RQQ PG 1351+640 is mildly relativistic and oriented at a relatively small viewing angle.
Work experience, information revelation, and study effort
Authors: Mergoupis Thanos , Zubrickas Robertas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Firms screen graduates using grade thresholds, which can turn into students’ targeted learning outcomes or reference points in the model of study effort choice. Variability in the usage of grade thresholds implies students’ uncertainty about the value of grades. Work experience from internships can reduce this uncertainty and, in turn, affect the choice of study effort. We theoretically show that a reduction in uncertainty induces more effort from less able students but, in contrast, less effort from more able students. Consistent with the theory, we empirically find that students returning from year-long internships have a flatter grade-ability profile.
Magnetic field of solar dark filaments obtained from He i10830 Å spectropolarimetric observation
Authors: Yamasaki Daiki , Huang Yu Wei , Hashimoto Yuki , Cabezas Denis P , Kawate Tomoko , UeNo Satoru , Ichimoto Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolar filaments are dense, cool plasma clouds in the solar corona. They are supposed to be supported in a dip of the coronal magnetic field. However, the models still disagree between two types of field configuration; one is the normal polarity model proposed by Kippenhahn and Schlueter (1957, Z. Astrophys., 43, 36), and the other is the reverse polarity model proposed by Kuperus and Raadu (1974, A&A, 31, 189). To understand the mechanism that makes the filaments become unstable before eruption, it is critical to know the magnetic structure of solar filaments. We performed spectropolarimetric observation in the He i (10830 Å) line to investigate the magnetic field configuration of dark filaments. The observation was carried out with the Domeless Solar Telescope at Hida Observatory with a polarization sensitivity of 3.0 × 10−4. We obtained eight samples of filaments in a quiet region. As a result of the analysis of full Stokes profiles of filaments, we found that the field strengths were estimated as 8–35 G. By comparing the direction of the magnetic field in filaments and the global distribution of the photospheric magnetic field, we determined the magnetic field configuration of the filaments, and we concluded that one out of the eight samples has normal polarity configuration, and seven out of the eight have reverse polarity configuration.
Lessons learned and new strategies for success: Evaluating the Implementation of Competency-Based Medical Education in Queen’s Pediatrics
Authors: Acker Amy , Leifso Kirk , Crawford Lindsay , Braund Heather , Hawksby Emily , Hall Andrew K , McEwen Laura , Dalgarno Nancy , Dagnone Jeffrey Damon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
In 2017, Queen’s University launched Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) across 29 programs simultaneously. Two years post-implementation, we asked key stakeholders (faculty, residents, and program leaders) within the Pediatrics program for their perspectives on and experiences with CBME so far.

Methods
Program leadership explicitly described the intended outcomes of implementing CBME. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with all stakeholders to describe the enacted implementation. The intended versus enacted implementations were compared to provide insight into needed adaptations for program improvement.

Results
Overall, stakeholders saw value in the concept of CBME. Residents felt they received more specific feedback and monthly Competence Committee (CC) meetings and Academic Advisors were helpful. Conversely, all stakeholders noted the increased expectations had led to a feeling of assessment fatigue. Faculty noted that direct observation and not knowing a resident’s previous performance information was challenging. Residents wanted to see faculty initiate assessments and improved transparency around progress and promotion decisions.

Discussion
The results provided insight into how well the intended outcomes had been achieved as well as areas for improvement. Proposed adaptations included a need for increased direct observation and exploration of faculty accessing residents’ previous performance information. Education was provided on the performance expectations of residents and how progress and promotion decisions are made. As well, “flex blocks” were created to help residents customize their training experience to meet their learning needs. The results of this study can be used to inform and guide implementation and adaptations in other programs and institutions.
Integration of multiple stress signals in plants using synthetic Boolean logic gates
Authors: Anderson Charles E , Ferreira Savio S , Antunes Mauricio S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As photosynthetic organisms, plants have a potential role in the sustainable production of high-value products such as medicines, biofuels, and chemical feedstocks. With effective engineering using synthetic biology approaches, plant-based platforms could conceivably be designed to minimize the costs and waste of production for materials that would otherwise be uneconomical. Additionally, modern agricultural crops could be engineered to be more productive, resilient, or restorative in different or rapidly changing environments and climates. Information-processing genetic devices and circuits containing multiple interacting parts that behave predictably must be developed to achieve these complex goals. A genetic Boolean AND logic gate is a device that computes the presence or absence of 2 inputs (signals and stimuli) and produces an output (response) only when both inputs are present. We optimized individual genetic components and used synthetic protein heterodimerizing domains to rationally assemble genetic AND logic gates that integrate 2 hormonal inputs in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. These AND gates produce an output only in the presence of both abscisic acid and auxin but not when either or neither hormone is present. The AND logic gate can also integrate signals resulting from 2 plant stresses, cold temperature and bacterial infection, to produce a response. The design principles used here are generalizable, and, therefore, multiple orthogonal AND gates could be assembled and rationally layered to process complex genetic information in plants. These layered logic gates may be used in genetic circuits to probe fundamental questions in plant biology, such as hormonal crosstalk, in addition to plant engineering for bioproduction.