bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do beluga whales truly migrate? Testing a key trait of the classical migration syndrome
Authors: Storrie Luke , Loseto Lisa L. , Sutherland Emma L. , MacPhee Shannon A. , O’Corry-Crowe Greg , Hussey Nigel E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Migration enables organisms to access resources in separate regions that have predictable but asynchronous spatiotemporal variability in habitat quality. The classical migration syndrome is defined by key traits including directionally persistent long-distance movements during which maintenance activities are suppressed. But recently, seasonal round-trip movements have frequently been considered to constitute migration irrespective of the traits required to meet this movement type, conflating common outcomes with common traits required for a mechanistic understanding of long-distance movements. We aimed to test whether a cetacean ceases foraging during so-called migratory movements, conforming to a trait that defines classical migration.

Methods
We used location and dive data collected by satellite tags deployed on beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Eastern Beaufort Sea population, which undertake long-distance directed movements between summer and winter areas. To identify phases of directionally persistent travel, behavioural states (area-restricted search, ARS; or Transit) were decoded using a hidden-Markov model, based on step length and turning angle. Established dive profiles were then used as a proxy for foraging, to test the hypothesis that belugas cease foraging during these long-distance transiting movements, i.e., they suppress maintenance activities.

Results
Belugas principally made directed horizontal movements when moving between summer and winter residency areas, remaining in a Transit state for an average of 75.4% (range = 58.5–87.2%) of the time. All individuals, however, exhibited persistent foraging during Transit movements (75.8% of hours decoded as the Transit state had ≥ 1 foraging dive). These data indicate that belugas actively search for and/or respond to resources during these long-distance movements that are typically called a migration.

Conclusions
The long-distance movements of belugas do not conform to the traits defining the classical migration syndrome, but instead have characteristics of both migratory and nomadic behaviour, which may prove adaptive in the face of unpredictable environmental change. Such patterns are likely present in other cetaceans that have been labeled as migratory. Examination of not only horizontal movement state, but also the vertical behaviour of aquatic animals during directed movements is essential for identifying whether a species exhibits traits of the classical migration syndrome or another long-distance movement strategy, enabling improved ecological inference.
Anesthesia outcomes of pregnant women with spinal diseases: a single-center case-series study
Authors: Yakhup Adila , Okada Hisako , Kawagoe Izumi , Sumikura Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeuraxial anesthesia is widely used as the most effective and standard method in obstetric anesthesia. However, there is a concern that neuraxial anesthesia may be technically difficult or ineffective in pregnant women with spinal disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the implementation rate of neuraxial anesthesia among pregnant women with spinal diseases and their success rate at our institution.MethodsThe subjects of this study were pregnant patients who delivered at Juntendo University Nerima Hospital between April 2017 and December 2020. After obtaining ethics committee approval, data were collected from patients’ medical records.ResultsOf the 2682 pregnant women who delivered, 1550 underwent preanesthetic evaluation. There were 42 deliveries in 39 pregnant women with spinal diseases (1.7% of all pregnant women and 2.7% of those who underwent preanesthetic evaluation). The diagnoses included adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (51.3%), lumbar disc herniation (23.1%), and others. The mode of delivery was the elective cesarean section in 5 cases, emergent cesarean section in 8 cases, and vaginal delivery in 29 cases. Only one case required general anesthesia. Of the 38 cases of labor analgesia, the neuraxial block was inadequate in 3 cases (7.9%) and technically difficult in 3 cases (7.9%). However, the patients complained of no lower extremity neuropathy, infection, or inadvertent dural puncture.DiscussionNeuraxial anesthesia was an option in most cases, even in pregnant women complicated with spinal disease, if an anesthesiologist’s plan before delivery after careful preanesthetic evaluation.
First-in-human study of a novel cell death tracer [99mTc]Tc-Duramycin: safety, biodistribution and radiation dosimetry in healthy volunteers
Authors: Metelerkamp Cappenberg Taco , De Schepper Stijn , Vangestel Christel , De Lombaerde Stef , wyffels Leonie , Van den Wyngaert Tim , Mattis Jeffrey , Gray Brian , Pak Koon , Stroobants Sigrid , Elvas Filipe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Imaging of cell death can provide an early indication of treatment response in cancer. [99mTc]Tc-Duramycin is a small-peptide SPECT tracer that recognizes both apoptotic and necrotic cells by binding to phosphatidylethanolamine present in the cell membrane. Preclinically, this tracer has shown to have favorable pharmacokinetics and selective tumor accumulation early after the onset of anticancer therapy. In this first-in-human study, we report the safety, biodistribution and internal radiation dosimetry of [99mTc]Tc-Duramycin in healthy human volunteers.

Results
Six healthy volunteers (3 males, 3 females) were injected intravenously with [99mTc]Tc-Duramycin (dose: 6 MBq/kg; 473 ± 36 MBq). [99mTc]Tc-Duramycin was well tolerated in all subjects, with no serious adverse events reported. Following injection, a 30-min dynamic planar imaging of the abdomen was performed, and whole-body (WB) planar scans were acquired at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 23 h post-injection (PI), with SPECT acquisitions after each WB scan and one low-dose CT after the first SPECT. In vivo 99mTc activities were determined from semi-quantitative analysis of the images, and time-activity curves were generated. Residence times were calculated from the dynamic and WB planar scans. The mean effective dose was 7.61 ± 0.75 µSv/MBq, with the kidneys receiving the highest absorbed dose (planar analysis: 43.82 ± 4.07 µGy/MBq, SPECT analysis: 19.72 ± 3.42 μGy/MBq), followed by liver and spleen. The median effective dose was 3.61 mSv (range, 2.85–4.14). The tracer cleared slowly from the blood (effective half-life of 2.0 ± 0.4 h) due to high plasma protein binding with < 5% free tracer 3 h PI. Excretion was almost exclusively renal.

Conclusion
[99mTc]Tc-Duramycin demonstrated acceptable dosimetry (< 5 mSv) and a favorable safety profile. Due to slow blood clearance, optimal target-to-background ratios are expected 5 h PI. These data support the further assessment of [99mTc]Tc-Duramycin for clinical treatment response evaluation.
Trial registration: NCT05177640, Registered April 30, 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05177640.
Optimal PV array reconfiguration under partial shading condition through dynamic leader based collective intelligence
Authors: Wang Yutong , Yang Bo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper applies the innovative idea of DLCI to PV array reconfiguration under various PSCs to capture the maximum output power of a PV generation system. DLCI is a hybrid algorithm that integrates multiple meta-heuristic algorithms. Through the competition and cooperation of the search mechanisms of different metaheuristic algorithms, the local exploration and global development of the algorithm can be effectively improved to avoid power mismatch of the PV system caused by the algorithm falling into a local optimum. A series of discrete operations are performed on DLCI to solve the discrete optimization problem of PV array reconfiguration. Two structures (DLCI-I and DLCI-II) are designed to verify the effect of increasing the number of sub-optimizers on the optimized performance of DLCI by simulation based on 10 cases of PSCs. The simulation shows that the increase of the number of sub-optimizers only gives a relatively small improvement on the DLCI optimization performance. DLCI has a significant effect on the reduction in the number of power peaks caused by PSC. The PV array-based reconstruction system of DLCI-II is reduced by 4.05%, 1.88%, 1.68%, 0.99% and 3.39%, when compared to the secondary optimization algorithms.
Pillars for successful operationalization of one health as an ecosystem approach: experience from a human-animal interface in the Maasai steppe in Tanzania
Authors: Gwakisa Paul , George Janeth , Sindato Calvin , Ngonyoka Anibariki , Nnko Happiness , Assenga Justine , Kimera Sharadhuli , Nessele Moses Ole 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSolving complex public health challenges requires integrated approaches to health, such as One Health. A key element of the One Health approach is the interrelationship between human, animal and environmental health and the associated multistakeholder collaboration across many cultural, disciplinary, institutional and sectoral boundaries. Here we describe a pragmatic approach for One Health operationalisation basing on our long-term engagement with communities faced with health challenges in a human-livestock-wildlife interface in the Maasai steppe in northern Tanzania.MethodsUsing a qualitative study design we performed an outcome mapping to document insights on results integration from our previous project. Data were collected through participatory community meetings, in-depth interviews and field observations. Field notes were coded and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsWe found that effective implementation of One Health interventions in complex ecosystems works best by understanding local conditions and their context and by working closely with the local people and relevant disciplinary players as one complex adaptive system. Community engagement, systems analysis, transdisciplinarity as well as political commitment played critical roles in successful operationalization of One Health. We have further emphasized that project ownership is as important to the local community as it is to the researchers. When used in combination, these elements (community engagement, systems analysis, transdisciplinarity) provide essential pillars for co-creation and maintaining collective action to set a common vision across disciplines, serving as inputs for a metrics-based toolbox for One Health operationalisation.ConclusionConsidering the novelty and complexity of One Health operationalisation, there is need also to develop scorecard-based guidance for assessment of One Health programs at local and national level. This paper proposes a framework for the optimization of an ecosystems-based One Health approach for prevention and control of Vector-Borne Diseases implemented at the local, sub-national or national level.
Acute lymphocytic myocarditis presenting as complete heart block in an adult: a case report
Authors: Camilleri Thomas , Grech Neil , Caruana Maryanne , Sammut Mark 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Complete heart block (CHB) as a first presentation of acute viral myocarditis is a rare occurrence associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In such cases, an endomyocardial biopsy is recommended to make a clear histological diagnosis aiding to differentiate from other possible conditions such as sarcoiditic myocarditis, giant cell myocarditis, and eosinophilic myocarditis. Insertion of a permanent pacemaker may be considered on a case-to-case basis.

Case presentation
A previously healthy 21-year-old female presented to the emergency department after having suffered two episodes of syncope on a background of a few days’ history of myalgias, chills, and rigors. Electrocardiogram showed high-grade Mobitz II block with intermittent periods of CHB. A bedside echocardiogram upon admission demonstrated normal biventricular systolic function. Given the patient’s unstable haemodynamic status and lack of obvious reversible causes for the CHB, a permanent dual-chamber pacemaker was inserted urgently. Initial blood investigations indicated an ongoing inflammatory process highlighting the possibility of myocarditis as a cause of the CHB. Therefore, a troponin level was taken and was noted to be elevated confirming the suspicion of myocarditis. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased over the following days to approximately 20%, clinically resulting in pulmonary oedema and acute shortness of breath. The patient required aggressive intravenous diuresis and anti-heart failure medication. An endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) confirmed the diagnosis of lymphocytic myocarditis. The patient’s condition improved secondary to an improvement in LVEF and resolution of the heart block. A cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging performed 6 weeks from admission reported an improved LVEF of 51% with no late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Based on the reassuring CMR findings and the resolution of CHB on follow-up pacemaker checks, it was deemed safe to explant the pacemaker.

Conclusions
Acute myocarditis may be complicated with high-degree AV block and cardiogenic shock necessitating close observation in a critical care unit. A permanent pacemaker may provide atrio-ventricular synchrony which helps stabilise the patient’s condition and protect from a prolonged period of heart block. Early myocardial fibrosis on EMB and degree of LGE on CMR are indicators of persistent atrioventricular block. Guideline-directed treatment of heart failure is essential.
Mechanisms of HIF-driven immunosuppression in tumour microenvironment
Authors: Bandopadhyay Shinjini , Patranabis Somi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHypoxia arises due to insufficient oxygen delivery to rapidly proliferating tumour cells that outpace the available blood supply. It is a characteristic feature of most solid tumour microenvironments and plays a critical role in regulating anti-tumour immunity, enhancing tumoral heterogeneity, and promoting therapeutic resistance and poor clinical outcomes. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the major hypoxia-responsive transcription factors that are activated under low oxygenation conditions and have been identified to drive multifunctional roles in tumour immune evasion. The HIF signalling network serves as an attractive target for targeted therapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the most crucial mechanisms by which HIF controls the expression of immunosuppressive molecules and immune checkpoints, disrupts cancer immunogenicity, and induces immunotherapeutic resistance.
Modified whole-body postmortem computed tomography angiography using neck approach
Authors: Rashid Saiful Nizam Abdul , Klop Anthony Cornelis , Feng Siew Sheue , Mahmud Rozi , Singh Mansharan Kaur Chainchel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The use of radiologic imaging methods in postmortem practice has been advent since the discovery of X-rays. However, with advancement in technology and the emergence of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical radiology, several centers around the world have begun using these methods as an adjunct to conventional autopsy. The aim of this study is to introduce a modified protocol for whole-body postmortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) based on body weight and neck approach as an alternative to the different PMCTA approaches currently available as most previous studies concentrated on the use of femoral approach for whole-body PMCTA with neck approach for selective or targeted PMCTA.

Methods
This was a prospective, double-blinded, cross-sectional study performed on 60 subjects with a mean age of 45.6 years and weight ranging between 43 and 112 kg utilizing ionized water-soluble contrast medium mixed with polyethylene glycol (polyethylene glycol 200).

Results
PMCTA using neck dissection showed promising results with good image quality and diagnostic capabilities assisting the forensic pathologists in determining the final cause of death with a strong correlation between both radiologists and pathologists in 86.7% of cases.

Conclusions
This study showed that the modified infusion protocol based on body weight using the neck approach provided a good depiction of the vascular system down to the level of the small supplying vessels similar to the other different approaches for PMCTA.
Root coverage surgeries using modified tunneling technique of xenogenic collagen matrix versus autologous connective tissue graft as a treatment of Miller class II gingival recession (RCT study)
Authors: Hamid Ahmed Mortada Fikry Abdel , Abou-Zeid Ahmed Wael Aly , Abdelfattah Mohamed Yehia Saad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Recently, there is increased demand for periodontal plastic surgery and development of new surgical approaches for aesthetic purposes. Gingival recession (GR) is the exposure of the root surfaces leading to esthetic problems, hypersensitivity, caries of the roots and teeth loss. Coronally advanced flap is considered a predictable treatment of GR but it needs a filler like subperiosteal connective tissue graft (CTG) which is considered as the gold standard treatment approach. The aim of the present study is to compare the clinical benefits and effectiveness of a xenogenic collagen matrix (mucoderm, botiss, dental, Berlin, Germany) to CTG for treatment of GR.

Results
Regarding clinical parameters, mean preoperative values for attached gingiva, probing depth, clinical attachment loss and gingival recession for group I were (1.8 ± 0.7 mm, 1.2 ± 0.3 mm, 6.6 ± 0.4 mm and 5.4 ± 0.2 mm) respectively. While mean postoperative values were (2.3 ± 0.9 mm, 1.1 ± 0.4 mm, 3.4 ± 0.5 mm and 2.7 ± 0.7 mm For group two preoperative mean values were (1.9 ± 0.3 mm, 1.1 ± 0.5 mm, 6.8 ± 0.5 mm and 5.4 ± 0.2 mm) respectively. While mean for postoperative values of attached gingiva, probing depth, clinical attachment loss and gingival recession for group tow were (2.5 ± 0.6 mm, 0.8 ± 0.3 mm, 3.7 ± 0.2 mm and 3.1 ± 0.3 mm) respectively All of the clinical parameters measured showed a significant difference between pre ad postoperative measurements while there was no significant differences between the two groups (test and control group). Regarding the patients satisfaction the percentage was greater in test group but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
In general, all of the parameters measured showed a significant difference between pre and postoperative measurements for each group but there is no significant difference between the two groups using (two treatment approaches. Both treatment procedures are considered efficient in increasing zone of attached gingiva and decreasing its clinical attachment loss. Mucoderm is considered as an efficient alternative to CTG for treatment of gingival recession.
Characterizing excision repair cross-complementing family genes as drug resistance biomarkers in breast cancer
Authors: Hermawan Adam , Putri Herwandhani 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Excision repair cross-complementing (ERCC) genes are important regulators of DNA repair processes, the aberrant expression of which may lead to treatment failures of breast cancer. The prognostic significance of the ERCC genes in several cancers has been investigated, except for breast cancer; therefore, we explored the ERCC genes, including ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC4, ERCC5, ERCC6, and ERCC8 in breast cancer, particularly during drug resistance processes.

Results
Using the 2021 provisional study of The Metastatic Breast Cancer Project from cBioPortal, we identified ERCC genetic alterations in 8–36% of patients, where most alterations were considered amplifications followed by deep deletions. Pathway enrichment analyses identified Wnt signaling enrichment which contributed to cell proliferation. ERCC2 had the highest epigenetic alteration levels at 7 DNA methylation sites. Also, the mRNA levels of ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC4, ERCC6, and ERCC8 were higher in patients with breast cancer when compared to normal breast tissues, with higher ERCC2 but lower ERCC8 levels in metastatic breast tissues. Breast cancer patients with low ERCC6 levels had better overall survival rates than the groups with higher ERCC6 levels. ERCC1, ERCC2, and ERCC4 were identified as endocrine therapy response predictors. ERCC1 was specifically an antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor therapy predictor, and ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC6, and ERCC8 were chemotherapy response predictors.

Conclusion
We used bioinformatics to investigate and identify the roles of ERCC genes in breast cancer resistant cells, in particular ERCC1, ERCC2, and ERCC6. We also showed how the Wnt pathway and DNA repair processes had a role in drug resistance in breast cancer cells, but further studies are required to validate those results.
Breaking down bacterial communication: a review of quorum quenching agents
Authors: Boban Tresa , Nadar Sahaya , Tauro Savita 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Bacterial cells communicate via small extracellular molecules that facilitate gene expression which is dependent on cell density and this mechanism is known as Quorum Sensing (QS). At low cell density, these bacteria show a single cellular type of behavior but once they reach the threshold level they alter to a multicellular type and hence a QS is established by the transfer of signalling molecules called autoinducers. Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) are those that hinder the quorum sensing pathway.

Main body of the abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has become a threat to mankind with quorum sensing being one of the mechanisms responsible for this resistance. Hence Quorum Quenching can be considered to interrupt bacterial communication. This review focuses on the effects of different synthetic and natural quorum-sensing inhibitors on different organisms and how it affects their gene regulation.

Conclusion
Different natural and synthetic agents can quench quorum sensing by various mechanistic pathways. The various quorum-sensing inhibitors against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria provide a wider scope to prevent emerging antimicrobial resistance.