bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precursory atmospheric circulations with Rossby wave trains leading to Eurasian extreme cold events
Authors: Zhuo Wenqin , Huang Fei , Ding Ruichang , Luo Jin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work examines precursory atmospheric circulations with various wave trains contributing to extreme cold weather over central Eurasia in boreal winter from 1979 to 2019. By conducting extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) on the preceding propagation circulation fields 2 weeks before the onset of extreme cold event (ECE) cases, three types of ECEs with different disturbance origins are classified and analysed. Type 1 denotes the positive phase of EEOF mode 1, shows as negative phase of Arctic Oscillation‐like pattern. The outbreak of this type of ECE is affected by a wave train originating from Baffin Bay, where an anomalous anticylonic system persisted under a background of weakened westerlies over middle‐high latitudes. Type 2 is picked from positive phase of EEOF mode 2, manifests as a developing blocking system that forms over Scandinavia and shifts to the Barents area. It is found that the blocking system is mainly strengthened by the downstream dispersion process of wave packets that are generated at the northern exit area of the North Pacific westerly jet, where exist anomalous cyclonic zonal wind shear and precipitation. Type 3 is selected from the negative phase of EEOF mode 2, which has a similar origin to type 2 but with the North Pacific jet exit more southward. Then, the generated wave packets propagate to Europe along the northerly jet stream over the North Atlantic, which acts as a waveguide and extends the wave train to downstream. In a word, these three types of precursory atmospheric wave train patterns that bring extreme cold anomalies to Eurasia possess diverse disturbing sources and downstream development mechanisms, and the essential role of the westerly jet is further highlighted. The results, which are investigated based on a quasi‐biweekly time scale, may deepen our understanding of the atmospheric genesis of extreme weather and improve extended‐range weather forecast.
Evaluation of multi‐RCM ensembles for simulating spatiotemporal variability of Asian summer monsoon precipitation in the CORDEX‐East Asia Phase 2 domain
Authors: Seo Ga‐Yeong , Ahn Joong‐Bae , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Suh Myoung‐Seok , Min Seung‐Ki , Chang Eun‐Chul , Byun Young‐Hwa , Kim Jin‐Uk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFive regional climate models (RCMs)—CCLM, RegCM, HadGEM3‐RA, SNURCM and WRF—participating in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment‐East Asia (CORDEX‐EA) Phase 2 project are evaluated for their ability to simulate spatiotemporal variability in Asian summer precipitation. For this purpose, two dynamical downscaling sets, experiments forced by ERA‐Interim reanalysis data (reproduction experiment) and historical data from three Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs) (historical experiment) are analysed. The horizontal resolution of the downscaled results is 25 km, and the analysis period is from 1981 to 2005 (25 years). The RCMs show reasonable performance in simulating the spatial and temporal characteristics of summer precipitation in CORDEX‐EA Phase 2 domain. To assess spatiotemporal patterns in Asian precipitation, cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis is used. In the first mode representing seasonal variations, the model ensemble results of both the reproduction experiment (Rep_ENS) and the historical experiment (His_ENS) simulate the peak times, location of precipitation and progression of the monsoons in Asia reasonably. Their features are greatly influenced by the moisture flux, indicating that the relation between precipitation and 850 hPa moisture flux is depicted well by RCM ensembles. In the second mode, which represents intraseasonal variations, the Rep_ENS depicts the western North Pacific summer monsoon break (WNPSM break) phenomenon similar to the observation. Although the His_ENS simulates the WNPSM break later than the observation, it does present the intraseasonal variation in the East Asian summer monsoon region. Based on these results, the five RCM ensemble results show the ability to capture spatiotemporal characteristics of summer precipitation in CORDEX‐EA Phase 2 domain, as well as added value from dynamical downscaling.
Differences in Efficacy and Safety of Sirolimus and Sildenafil in Pediatric Lymphatic Malformations
Authors: Wang Jialu , Zhang Xuexi , Sun Nian , Liu Qiaoyin , Li Yanzhen , Peng Yun , Cheng Xiaoling , Zhang Jie , Liu Yuanhu , Feng Guoshuang , Liu Zhiyong , Ji Tingting , Li Xiaodan , Liu Yuwei , Wang Shengcai , Ni Xin 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the differences in the efficacy and safety of oral sirolimus and sildenafil in the treatment of pediatric intractable lymphatic malformations (LMs).MethodsFrom January 2014 to May 2022, we retrospectively enrolled children with intractable LMs treated with oral drugs (sirolimus or sildenafil) and divided the patients into sirolimus and sildenafil groups from Beijing Children's Hospital (BCH). Clinical features, treatment, and follow‐up data were collected and analyzed. The indicators were the ratio of reduction in lesion volume pre and posttreatment, the number of patients with improved clinical symptoms, and adverse reactions to the two drugs.ResultsTwenty‐four children in the sildenafil group and 31 children in the sirolimus group were included in the present study. The effective rate in the sildenafil group was 54.2% (13/24), with a median lesion volume reduction ratio of 0.32 (−0.23, 0.89) and clinical symptoms improved in 19 patients (79.2%). On the contrary, the effective rate in the sirolimus group was 93.5% (29/31), with a median lesion volume reduction ratio of 0.68 (0.34, 0.96), and clinical symptoms improved in 30 patients (96.8%). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Regarding safety, four patients in the sildenafil group and 23 patients in the sirolimus group with mild adverse reactions were reported.ConclusionBoth sildenafil and sirolimus can reduce the volume of LMs and improve clinical symptoms in partial patients with intractable LMs. Sirolimus is more effective than sildenafil and the adverse reactions associated with both drugs are mild and controllable.Level of EvidenceIII Laryngoscope, 133:3192–3199, 2023
Lubrication impact of ferrofluid on cylinder‐plate system: A comparative study using two flow models
Authors: Shah Rajesh C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSqueeze‐film characteristics between a long cylinder and an infinite flat plate system are analysed. Ferrofluid (FF) lubricant controlled by transverse uniformly strong magnetic field is used for reducing wear and prolonging life of the system. The modified combined Reynolds equation is derived using two different FF flow models (Shliomis and Jenkins), and continuity equation. The expression for dimensionless film‐pressure, load‐carrying capacity and squeeze time are derived and calculated numerically for different control parameters. The results show significant improvement in the performance of the system when smaller value of minimum film thickness is chosen. Moreover, the phenomenon can be simulated by both the models equally with proper choice of the parameters.
Harmonic Gauss maps of submanifolds of arbitrary codimension of the Euclidean space and sphere and some applications
Authors: Bustos Daniel , Ripoll Jaime 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is proven results about existence and nonexistence of unit normal sections of submanifolds of the Euclidean space and sphere, which associated Gauss maps, are harmonic. Some applications to constant mean curvature hypersurfaces of the sphere and to isoparametric submanifolds are obtained too.
Coupling methods and exponential ergodicity for two‐factor affine processes
Authors: Bao Jianhai , Wang Jian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, by invoking the coupling approach, we establish exponential ergodicity under the L1‐Wasserstein distance for two‐factor affine processes. The method employed herein is universal in a certain sense so that it is applicable to general two‐factor affine processes, which allow that the first component solves a general Cox‐Ingersoll‐Ross (CIR) process, and that there are interactions in the second component, as well as that the Brownian noises are correlated; and even to some models beyond two‐factor processes.
Consumption of Fish in Chronic Kidney Disease – A Matter of Depth
Authors: Mafra Denise , Kemp Julie A. , Leal Viviane de O. , Cardozo Ludmila , Borges Natalia A. , Alvarenga Livia , Teixeira Karla T. R. , Stenvinkel Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFish is an excellent source of ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), amino acids, collagen, vitamins, and iodine and its intake is associated with health benefits, mainly reduces risk of cardiovascular mortality. However, recent studies have shown that fish is also an important source of trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO), a uremic toxin produced by the gut microbiota that promotes an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), TMAO levels are markedly increased due to gut dysbiosis and reduced kidney function. No study has yet evaluated the effects of a fish‐rich diet on TMAO plasma levels and cardiovascular outcomes. This review discusses the pros and cons of a fish‐rich diet in patients with CKD – a matter of depth.
Stress‐constrained topology optimization of structures subjected to nonproportional loading
Authors: Granlund Gunnar , Wallin Mathias , Tortorelli Daniel , Watts Seth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work considers the topology optimization of hyperelastic structures for maximum stiffness (minimum compliance) subject to constraints on their volume and maximum stress. In contrast to almost all previous works, we subject the structures to nonproportional loading, wherein the maximum stress does not necessarily occur at the final load step. As such, the stress is constrained at each load step. The augmented Lagrangian method is used to formulate the optimization problem with its many constraints. In numerical examples, we investigate different load trajectories for the same terminal load and compare the optimized designs and their performances. The results show the importance of considering the entire load trajectory as the load history significantly influences the optimized designs.
Video Ocular Counter‐Roll (vOCR): Otolith‐Ocular Function and Compensatory Effect of the Neck Following Vestibular Loss
Authors: Yang Yuchen , Tian Jing , Otero‐Millan Jorge , Schubert Michael C. , Kheradmand Amir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveAssessment of recovery following vestibular loss has been limited by the lack of bedside measures in clinical settings. Here, we used the video ocular counter‐roll (vOCR) test to study otolith‐ocular function and compensatory effect of neck proprioception in patients at different stages of vestibular loss.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsFifty‐six subjects were recruited including patients with acute (9 ± 2 days [mean ± standard error of mean]), subacute (61 ± 11 days), and chronic (1009 ± 266 days) unilateral loss of vestibular function, as well as a group of healthy controls. We used a video‐oculography method based on tracking the iris for vOCR measurement. To examine the effect of neck inputs, vOCR was recorded during two simple tilt maneuvers in all subjects while seated: 30° head‐on‐body tilt and 30° head‐and‐body tilt.ResultsThe vOCR responses evolved at different stages following vestibular loss with improvement of the gains in the chronic stage. The deficit was more pronounced when the whole body was tilted (acute: 0.08 ± 0.01, subacute: 0.11 ± 0.01, chronic: 0.13 ± 0.02, healthy control: 0.18 ± 0.01), and the gain of vOCR improved when the head was tilted on the body (acute: 0.11 ± 0.01, subacute: 0.14 ± 0.01, chronic: 0.13 ± 0.02, healthy control: 0.17 ± 0.01). The time course of vOCR response was affected as well with reduced amplitude and slower response in the acute stage of vestibular loss.ConclusionThe vOCR test can be valuable as a clinical marker to measure vestibular recovery and compensatory effect of neck proprioception in patients at different stages following loss of vestibular function.
Otolaryngology Training in Uganda: The Mbarara University of Science and Technology Experience
Authors: Bartholomew Ryan A. , Ceremsak John , Nyaiteera Victoria , Senechal Eva , Kanumuri Vivek , Cheney Mack , de Venecia Ronald K. , Nakku Doreen , Shaye David A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSub‐Saharan Africa has a high otolaryngologic disease burden exacerbated by an inadequate number of otolaryngologists. The Otolaryngology department at Mbarara University of Science & Technology in Uganda is addressing this problem by having created Uganda's second national residency training program in 2010. We chronicled an early period in the program's development by reporting surgical case quantity and complexity, as defined by “key indicator procedure” classification per the United States Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, and interpreting it with respect to a timeline of significant events. Procedure complexity, but not total number per year, increased over the study period—KIPs increased from 3% in 2012 (6 of 175 total procedures) to 29% in 2016 (35 of 135 total procedures). During this period of complexity increase, operating room capacity expanded, faculty received advanced training and increased in number, and operative equipment improved.
Comparative performance of fused deposit modeling3D‐printedand injection molded polylactic acid/thermoplastic starch/nanoclay bio‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Mahani Hossein , Karevan Mehdi , Safavi Mohsen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of biodegradable polymers is a good strategy to overcome challenges induced by petroleum‐based polymers. However, in general, there exist limitations in the formulation and fabrication of biodegradable polymers to be used in the development of parts with targeted applications. The issue is more highlighted when the 3D printing of biodegradable blends needs to be addressed. This study examines the formulation and fabrication of biodegradable nano‐reinforced polymer blends to be used in fused‐filament 3D printing. The melt‐mixing method was utilized to prepare filaments and nanocomposite systems of polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends reinforced with 0–5 wt% of nanoclay. To better understand the feasibility of the formulated compound, the process–structure–property interplays in the PLA/TPS based specimens fabricated via the fused‐filament 3D printing and injection molding were investigated and compared. The findings revealed the molded specimens showed greater tensile and flexural behavior than the printed specimens, whereas the impact resistance of the printed and molded parts was comparable. It was shown that increasing nanoclay content led to the increase in the tensile strength, Young's modulus and flexural strength of the specimens regardless of the method used. The greatest tensile strength of 10.1 and 20.1 MPa was revealed at the optimized nanoclay content of 1 and 3 wt% in 3D printed and molded parts, respectively. The surface morphology demonstrated that the addition of nanoclay favorably contributed to the interfacial adhesion, confirmed by the mechanical response of the specimens. It was shown nanoclay enhanced the thermal stability and crystallinity of the specimens while reducing water absorption and biodegradability due to its barrier properties.
Perception and management of cancer predisposition in pediatric cancer centers: A European‐wide questionnaire‐based survey
Authors: Lazic Jelena , Haas Oskar A , Özbek Ugur , Ripperger Tim , Byrjalsen Anna , te Kronnie Geertruij ,   LEGEND‐COST Working group 5 members
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe European Union‐funded COST Action (LEukaemia GENe Discovery by data sharing, mining, and collaboration) LEGEND was an international and multidisciplinary collaboration between clinicians and researchers that covered a range of aspects of genetic predisposition in childhood leukemia. Within this framework, we explored the perception and handling of genetic predisposition in the daily practice of European treatment centers. Herein, we present the results of our questionnaire‐based survey. We found that the overall awareness is quite high, and respondents remarked that identification and treatment of the most common predisposition syndromes were present. Nevertheless, high demand for continuous education and routinely updated resources remains.
Impact of dexmedetomidine in conjunction with a weaning protocol on post‐surgical opioid use in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Dersch‐Mills Deonne , Howlett Alixe , Lind Jan , Marchuk Allison , Mohammad Khorshid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveTo describe the impact of protocol‐driven dexmedetomidine (and clonidine) use on opioid exposure in post‐surgical neonates.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingA Level III, surgical NICU.PatientsSurgical neonates who received clonidine or dexmedetomidine concomitantly with an opioid for sedation and/or analgesia post‐operatively.InterventionImplementation of a standardized sedation/analgesia weaning protocol.Measurements and Main ResultsThere were clinically, although not statistically, significant reductions in opioid wean duration (240 vs. 227 h, p = 0.82), total opioid duration (604 vs. 435 h, p = 0.23), and total opioid exposure (91 vs. 51 mg ME/kg, p = 0.13), and limited impact on NICU outcomes or pain/withdrawal scores with use of the protocol. Increases in use of medications in alignment with the protocol (e.g., scheduled acetaminophen and opioids weaned first) were noted.ConclusionsWe have been unable to demonstrate a reduction in opioid exposure with use of alpha‐2 agonists alone; addition of a weaning protocol showed a reduction in opioid duration and exposure (although not statistically significant). At this point, dexmedetomidine and clonidine should not be introduced outside standardized protocols with scheduled acetaminophen post‐operatively.
Dosimetric response of Gafchromic™ EBT‐XD film to therapeutic protons
Authors: Guan Fada , Wang Xiaochun , Yang Ming , Draeger Emily , Han Dae , Iga Kiminori , Guo Fanqing , Perles Luis , Li Yuting , Sahoo Narayan , Mohan Radhe , Chen Zhe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe EBT‐XD model of Gafchromic™ films has a broader optimal dynamic dose range, up to 40 Gy, compared with its predecessor models. This characteristic has made EBT‐XD films suitable for high‐dose applications, such as stereotactic body radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery, as well as ultra‐high dose rate FLASH radiotherapy. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the dependence of EBT‐XD film response on linear energy transfer (LET) and dose rate of therapeutic protons from a synchrotron. A clinical spot‐scanning proton beam was used to study LET dependence at three dose‐averaged LET values of 1.0 keV/μm, 3.6 keV/μm, and 7.6 keV/μm. A research proton beamline was used to study dose rate dependence at 150 Gy/s in the FLASH mode and 0.3 Gy/s in the non‐FLASH mode. Film response data from dose‐averaged LET values of 0.9 keV/μm and 9.0 keV/μm of the proton FLASH beam were also compared. Film response data from a clinical 6‐MV photon beam were used as a reference. Both the gray value method and optical density (OD) method were used in film calibration. Calibration results using a specific OD calculation method and a generic OD calculation method were compared. The four‐parameter NIH Rodbard function and three‐parameter rational function were compared in fitting the calibration curves. Experimental results showed that the response of EBT‐XD film is proton LET dependent, but independent of dose rate. Goodness‐of‐fit analysis showed that using the NIH Rodbard function is superior for both protons and photons. Using the “specific OD + NIH Rodbard function” method for EBT‐XD film calibration is recommended.
Dynamic edge event‐triggered consensus for one‐sided Lipschitz multiagent systems with disturbances
Authors: Yang Wang , Dong Jiuxiang , Meng Fanwei 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis paper studies the consensus problem for one‐sided Lipschitz (OSL) multiagent systems (MASs) affected by bounded disturbances via dynamic edge event‐triggered mechanism (DEETM). Due to disturbances and OSL dynamics in MASs, the event‐triggered consensus problem of which is quite more difficult than those of linear or Lipschitz nonlinear networks without disturbances in the previous works. In order to cope with this problem, a novel consensus method is developed based on DEETM and adaptive technique, which contains adaptive gains in both controller and DEETM. Firstly, smooth adaptive items in controller are designed to significantly compensate unknown disturbances, which can guarantee asymptotic consensus. Moreover, DEETM can effectively reduce the communication cost among neighboring agents, which does not cause Zeno behavior. It is worth noticing that the developed method is fully distributed, which relies on neither global information of the communication topology nor the upper and lower bounds of disturbances. Finally, a simulation example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
Do top management team diversity and chief sustainability officer make firms greener? Moderating role of top management team behavioral integration
Authors: Hashmi Hammad Bin Azam , Voinea Cosmina L. , Caniëls Marjolein C. J. , Ooms Ward , Abbass Kashif 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAchieving green innovation goals is a challenging task. Several scholars have tried to explore the important determinants of green innovation; however, this concept needs further exploration from the corporate governance perspective. Hence, this study aims at determining the role of a firm's top management team (TMT) composition regarding green innovation. Specifically, we explore the impact of TMT diversity and the presence of a chief sustainability officer (CSO) on green innovation with moderating role of TMT behavioral integration. Data was collected from the hotels' top management in Pakistan. The findings reveal that TMT diversity, CSO, and TMT behavioral integration positively impact green innovation. However, the impact of TMT diversity on green innovation will be stronger with TMT behavioral integration. This study adds value to the upper echelon theory and the literature on green innovation. That is followed by the managerial implications.
The Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021: Analyzing the effectiveness of India's ban on commercial surrogacy
Authors: Debnath Kunal , Chatterjee Sreetama 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn India, the issue of surrogacy has brought the entire field of assisted reproductive techniques under close scrutiny and debate. It has caused controversies as the state has interfered the process of surrogacy to make it ethically acceptable. Indian government acknowledged the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021, to protect women's reproductive rights. The Act aims to ban commercial surrogacy and promote altruistic surrogacy without any payment except for the surrogate mother's medical expenses and her insurance coverage. This Act is the object of the first analysis of this article; and second, it investigates how the Act affects prospective childless couples, willing single parents, and members of the LGBTQ community. Employing the interview method and neo‐institutional methodology, this article concludes that the Act made the surrogacy more complex as, in actuality, altruistic surrogacy is a myth because it would be difficult for intended couples to find a willing surrogate mother who will intend to give birth to a child at no cost. This will pave the way for under the table transaction. The Act made it illegal for foreign couples as well as intended Indian couples who already have a child and restricts the chances for the LGBTQ community and single parents.