bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the link between zebrafish diet, gut microbiome succession, and Mycobacterium chelonae infection
Authors: Sieler Michael J. , Al-Samarrie Colleen E. , Kasschau Kristin D. , Varga Zoltan M. , Kent Michael L. , Sharpton Thomas J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite the long-established importance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism and their increasing use in microbiome-targeted studies, relatively little is known about how husbandry practices involving diet impact the zebrafish gut microbiome. Given the microbiome’s important role in mediating host physiology and the potential for diet to drive variation in microbiome composition, we sought to clarify how three different dietary formulations that are commonly used in zebrafish facilities impact the gut microbiome. We compared the composition of gut microbiomes in approximately 60 AB line adult (129- and 214-day-old) zebrafish fed each diet throughout their lifespan.

Results
Our analysis finds that diet has a substantial impact on the composition of the gut microbiome in adult fish, and that diet also impacts the developmental variation in the gut microbiome. We further evaluated how 214-day-old fish microbiome compositions respond to exposure of a common laboratory pathogen, Mycobacterium chelonae, and whether these responses differ as a function of diet. Our analysis finds that diet determines the manner in which the zebrafish gut microbiome responds to M. chelonae exposure, especially for moderate and low abundance taxa. Moreover, histopathological analysis finds that male fish fed different diets are differentially infected by M. chelonae.

Conclusions
Overall, our results indicate that diet drives the successional development of the gut microbiome as well as its sensitivity to exogenous exposure. Consequently, investigators should carefully consider the role of diet in their microbiome zebrafish investigations, especially when integrating results across studies that vary by diet.
Left ventricular noncompaction in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ogah Okechukwu Samuel , Iyawe Efosa P. , Orimolade Olanike Allison , Okwunze Kenechukwu , Okeke Mesoma , Babatunde Abdulhammed , Aje Akinyemi , Adebiyi Adewole A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
There has been an increase in the reporting of cases of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy in medical literature due to advances in medical imaging. Patients with LVNC may be asymptomatic or may present with arrhythmias, heart failure, thromboembolism or sudden death. LVNC is typically diagnosed by echocardiography, although there are higher-resolution cardiac imaging techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to make the diagnosis. The objective of the study is to report on a series of 9 cases of LVNC cardiomyopathy seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Cases of LVNC seen between September 1, 2015 and July 31, 2022 in our echocardiography service is being reported.

Results
There were a total of 6 men and 3 women. Mean age at presentation was 52.89 ± 15.02 years. The most common mode of presentation was heart failure (6 patients). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (6 patients). Three patients had an ejection fraction of less than 40% and the mean ratio of noncompacted to compacted segment at end-systole was 2.80 ± 0.48. The most common areas of trabecular localization were the LV lateral wall and the apex. Beta blockers were highly useful in the management of the patients.

Conclusions
LVNC cardiomyopathy is not uncommon in our environment and a high index of suspicion is often required.
Redefining Cancer Research Priorities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in the Post–COVID-19 Global Context: A Modified Delphi Consensus Process
Authors: Fox Louis , Santaolalla Aida , Handford Jasmine , Sullivan Richard , Torode Julie , Vanderpuye Verna , Pramesh C.S. , Mula-Hussain Layth , AlWaheidi Shaymaa , Makaroff Lydia E. , Kaur Ranjit , Mackay Clara , Mukherji Deborah , Van Hemelrijck Mieke 
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE The post–COVID-19 funding landscape for cancer research globally has become increasingly challenging, particularly in resource-challenged regions (RCRs) lacking strong research ecosystems. We aimed to produce a list of priority areas for cancer research in countries with limited resources, informed by researchers and patients. METHODS Cancer experts in lower-resource health care systems (as defined by the World Bank as low- and middle-income countries; N = 151) were contacted to participate in a modified consensus-seeking Delphi survey, comprising two rounds. In round 1, participants (n = 69) rated predetermined areas of potential research priority (ARPs) for importance and suggested missing ARPs. In round 2, the same participants (n = 49) rated an integrated list of predetermined and suggested ARPs from round 1, then undertook a forced choice priority ranking exercise. Composite voting scores ( T-scores) were used to rank the ARPs. Importance ratings were summarized descriptively. Findings were discussed with international patient advocacy organization representatives. RESULTS The top ARP was research into strategies adapting guidelines or treatment strategies in line with available resources (particularly systemic therapy) ( T = 83). Others included cancer registries ( T = 62); prevention ( T = 52); end-of-life care ( T = 53); and value-based and affordable care ( T = 51). The top COVID-19/cancer ARP was strategies to incorporate what has been learned during the pandemic that can be maintained posteriorly ( T = 36). Others included treatment schedule interruption ( T = 24); cost-effective reduction of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality ( T = 19); and pandemic preparedness ( T = 18). CONCLUSION Areas of strategic priority favored by cancer researchers in RCRs are related to adaptive treatment guidelines; sustainable implementation of cancer registries; prevention strategies; value-based and affordable cancer care; investments in research capacity building; epidemiologic work on local risk factors for cancer; and combatting inequities of prevention and care access.
‘We’re All Mad Here’: Alienation, Madness, and Crafting Tom Waits
Authors: López-Peláez Akalay Nadia 
Published: August 2023

Tom Waits, through his poetry, his poetic and public personae, has become the father of the desperate failures of society, those who lay down and fill the background with disillusionment. No-direction-homers flock together and become the majority of Waits’ main characters. As an artist, he gives a voice and a name to those who, otherwise, would remain invisible, endowing them with corporeality. Waits, through the projection of his public persona, illumines the lives of the weak, who strive to survive in a world that has always fed upon those below. There is something honourable about the people who struggle the most, trying to find their path in the darkest of places, and Waits, through his career as an entertainer, has always prioritised his respect for these people, praising their many faults and poor decisions, merging them with the tormented collective and thus becoming one with their sadness and horror.
This paper will focus on how Tom Waits constructs his personae through an identification with the disappointments of society: the underdog, and, more particularly, the alcoholic underdog. I intend to focus mainly on the lyrical content of his albums Rain Dogs and Small Change, together with their respective representations in other art forms, specifically interviews, lives, artistry, etc. This section will also include Tom Waits’ depiction of some characters as grotesques, as they form the limits of societal acceptance. In the last section, I will examine the presence and construction of these grotesques in his album Alice (2002), while comparing the lyrical content to its other cultural manifestations.
Features of hyperplastic processes of the endometrium in the presence of arterial hypertension
Authors: Zemlianiy Yaroslav , Zemlyana Natalie 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The relevance of studying endometrial hyperplastic processes (EHP) is due to their prevalence, impact on quality of life and high risk of malignancy. The structure of EHP takes from 20 to 40% in the pathology of reproductive system in women.
Objective: To evaluate the clinical and morphological features of hyperplastic processes of the endometrium in the presence of arterial hypertension.
Materials and Methods: 96 women with endometrial hyperplastic processes were examined during the study. The first group consisted of 57 women with endometrial hyperplasia with arterial hypertension. The second group included 39 patients with endometrial hyperplasia without arterial hypertension All patients involved in the study, were investigated by ultrasound on the machine "MyLab50" ( «Esaote», Italy) and videohysteroscopy ( «Karl Storz», Germany).
Results: In women of perimenopausal and postmenopausal age arterial hypertension was observed significantly more often compared to women of reproductive age (p<0.05). dysmenorrhea (40,4%; p <0.05), metrorrhagia (43,9%; p <0.05) and infertility (45,8 %; p <0.05) were significant more common for women with EHP and concomitant arterial hypertension. There are no significant differences in morphological forms between women with EHP with arterial hypertension and without hypertension. The presence of arterial hypertension had a significant effect on the risk of EHP recurrence (OR=6,0; CI=1,02-35,27; p<0,05).
Conclusions: Arterial hypertension was significantly more common in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Dismenorrhea, metrorrhagia and infertility were the most common clinical manifestations of EHP in patients with arterial hypertension. The presence of arterial hypertension is a reliable predictor of the occurrence of EHP recurrences during the one year.
Introduction of augmented reality to the remote wound care nursing consultation system
Authors: Takahashi Toshiaki , Kitamura Aya , Matsumoto Masaru , Higashimura Shiho , Nakagami Gojiro , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: August 2023

Objective: We implemented augmented reality (AR) in remote consultations for enhanced pressure injury (PI) care in homecare nursing and improved the efficiency of on-site technical education for homecare nurses. The study aimed to depict expert techniques using AR technology to improve PI healing time in a male patient. Method: We developed and implemented a new system that combines a transparent hand with an image and gives an output as a video image in the existing remote consultation software. The system was used to support remote care of PIs by nurses. Results: We succeeded in superimposing the expert nurse's nonverbal hand gestures onto the patient's wound in real time. The visiting nurse's understanding of the system had improved and there was an improvement in the patient's PI healing. Conclusion: These results suggest that remote consultation using AR is effective to observe precise wound care demonstrations of the steps of the PI treatment and provide effective treatment.
Mitigating effect of providing specific information on consumers’ negative reactions to cause-related marketing
Authors: Iijima Takao , Ota Masaya , Sakata Yusuke 
Published: August 2023

Cause-related marketing (CRM) has received attention from companies around the world in recent years. Companies in Japan use CRM, but they are struggling with it because Japanese consumers have little interest in social contribution and have negative attitudes toward CRM. This study addresses the reason why Japanese consumers display negative attitudes toward products related to CRM from the viewpoint of company motives toward CRM.
An online survey was completed by 290 university students in Japan. We estimated the data using the Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) method.
We found that Japanese consumers displayed negative willingness to pay (WTP) toward a well-known brand’s product with CRM information (β = −2.485, WTP = −106.7, p < .001). Providing information on the company’s motive for long-term commitment to CRM (the company’s positive motive for CRM) mitigates the negative effect of CRM (β = −1.721, WTP = −46.3, p < .001). Given this information, the overall assessment (WTP) of CRM (whether a CRM campaign has positive effects on product choice or not) is 2.6, which value is larger than the −45.2 WTP value where a consumer is not given this information.
Our results contribute to the theoretical and practical aspects of CRM. Theoretically, we investigate the negative aspects of CRM, whereas many studies focus only on the positive aspects. We concluded that, in Japan, a company is required to demonstrate the motive behind their CRM campaign for it to have an impact on product choice.
Multiband LFM waveform generation and band-selection using stimulated Brillouin scattering
Authors: Dhawan Rajveer , Parida Debashis , Parihar Reena , Jha Mukund , Choudhary Amol 
Published: August 2023

Modern radar systems are designed to simultaneously serve multiple applications such as ranging, surveillance, imaging, or warfare, which necessitates operation at multiple carrier frequencies. Linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals are inherently capable of pulse compression leading to enhanced range resolution and good signal-to-noise ratios; therefore, they are widely employed in various radar applications. In this paper, a photonic-based generation scheme for carrier frequency multiplication of LFM waveforms up to a factor of four through a single dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The technique is employed to produce multiband LFM having wide-bandwidth chirps (500 MHz, 1 GHz) as well as narrow bandwidth chirps (10, 20 MHz) that are compatible with the intrinsic linewidth of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The frequency bands of the narrow bandwidth chirps are further selected through a frequency-agile Brillouin RF filter. The generated tupled chirped waveforms are at continuous multiples of the RF carrier frequency at 2, 4, 6, and 8 GHz, respectively, with the first three multiples having 10 MHz and the fourth multiple having 20 MHz chirp bandwidth. This scheme is also experimentally verified for generating different tupled products and respective filtering through SBS at multiples of 4 GHz up to 16 GHz, thereby verifying the system’s agility and flexibility.
Unsuccessful treatment outcome and associated risk factors. A prospective study of DR-TB patients from a high burden country, Pakistan
Authors: Massud Asif , Khan Amer Hayat , Syed Sulaiman Syed Azhar , Ahmad Nafees , Shafqat Muhammad , Ming Long Chiau 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Tuberculosis (TB), a curable and preventable infectious disease, becomes difficult to treat if resistance against most effective and tolerable first line anti-TB drugs is developed. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes and predictors of poor outcomes among drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients treated at a programmatic management unit of drug resistant tuberculosis (PMDT) unit, Punjab, Pakistan.

Methods
This prospective observational study was conducted at a a PMDT unit in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 271 eligible culture positive DR-TB patients enrolled for treatment at the study site between January 2016 and May 2017 were followed till their treatment outcomes were recorded. World Health Organization’s (WHO) defined criteria was used for categorizing treatment outcomes. The outcomes of cured and treatment completed were collectively placed as successful outcomes, while death, lost to follow-up (LTFU) and treatment failure were grouped as unsuccessful outcomes. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was employed for getting predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Of the 271 DR-TB patients analysed, nearly half (51.3%) were males. The patient’s (Mean ± SD) age was 36.75 ± 15.69 years. A total of 69% patients achieved successful outcomes with 185 (68.2%) patients being cured and 2 (0.7%) completed therapy. Of the remaining 84 patients with unsuccessful outcomes, 48 (17.7%) died, 2 (0.7%) were declared treatment failure, 34 (12.5%) were loss to follow up. After adjusting for confounders, patients’ age > 50 years (OR 2.149 (1.005–4.592) with p-value 0.048 and baseline lung cavitation (OR 7.798 (3.82–15.919) with p-value <0.001 were significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes.

Conclusions
The treatment success rate (69%) in the current study participants was below the target set by WHO (>75%). Paying special attention and timely intervention in patients with high risk of unsuccessful treatment outcomes may help in improving treatment outcomes at the study site.
Effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on the HIV care continuum in Southwestern Uganda: A time series analysis
Authors: Kabami Jane , Owaraganise Asiphas , Beesiga Brian , Okiring Jaffer , Kakande Elijah , Chen Yea-Hung , Mwangwa Florence , Akatukwasa Cecilia , Nangendo Joanita , Muyindike Winnie , Semitala Fred C. , Roh Michelle E. , Kamya Moses R. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
In Uganda, COVID-19 lockdown policies curbed the spread of SARS-CoV-2, but their effect on HIV care is poorly understood.

Objectives
We examined the effects of COVID-19 lockdown policies on ART initiation, missed visits, and viral suppression in Uganda.

Methods
We conducted a time series analysis using data from a dynamic cohort of persons with HIV enrolled between March 2017 and September 2021 at HIV clinics in Masaka and Mbarara Regional Referral Hospitals in Southwestern Uganda. Poisson and fractional probit regression were used to predict expected monthly antiretroviral therapy initiations, missed visits, and viral suppression based on pre-lockdown trends. Observed and expected trends were compared across three policy periods: April 2020-September 2021 (overall), April-May 2020 (1st lockdown), and June-August 2021 (2nd lockdown).

Results
We enrolled 7071 Persons living with HIV (PWH) (nMasaka = 4150; nMbarara = 2921). Average ART duration was 34 and 30 months in Masaka and Mbarara, respectively. During the 18-month post-lockdown period, monthly ART initiations were lower than expected in both Masaka (51 versus 63 visits; a decrease of 12 [95% CI: -2, 31] visits) and Mbarara (42 versus 55 visits; a decrase of 13 [95% CI: 0, 27] visits). Proportion of missed visits was moderately higher than expected post-lockdown in Masaka (10% versus 7%; 4% [95% CI: 1%, 7%] absolute increase), but not in Mbarara (13% versus 13%; 0% [95% CI: -4%, 6%] absolute decrease). Viral suppression rates were moderate-to-high in Masaka (64.7%) and Mbarara (92.5%) pre-lockdown and remained steady throughout the post-lockdown period.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda was associated with reductions in ART initiation, with minimal effects on retention and viral suppression, indicating a resilient HIV care system.
Prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among children under the age of five years in Benin
Authors: Addo Isaac Yeboah , Boadu Elijah Frimpong , Osei Bonsu Emmanuel , Boadi Caleb , Dadzie Frederick Asankom 
Published: August 2023

Background
Benin ranks as one of the countries in the world with an alarmingly high prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years. However, limited studies have examined the factors associated with the prevalence of these undernutrition indicators among children under five years in the country. This study aimed to fill this research gap by examining the prevalence rates and factors associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight among this specific population of interest.

Methods
This quantitative study utilised data from the most recent Benin Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) conducted in 2017–18. The survey employed a nationally representative cross-sectional design and utilised a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique to select participants. The study included a sample of 13,589 children under the age of five years. The main analytical approach employed was binary logistic regression, which was used to explore the associations between undernutrition (the combined outcome variable representing stunting, wasting, and underweight) and various socio-demographic factors.

Results
The combined prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under five years in Benin during the 2017–18 survey period was 14.95%. Several factors were significantly associated with these indicators of undernutrition, including female gender (AOR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.59–0.85), birth weight of 4.1 kg and over (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.14–0.48), multiple births (AOR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.11–4.91), and a child’s experience of diarrhoea (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.40–2.20). Furthermore, the prevalence of these undernutrition indicators was higher among children whose mothers had lower levels of education (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.01–0.42) and were unmarried (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.49–0.93).

Conclusions
This present study confirms that undernutrition rates are elevated in Benin and are closely linked to perinatal factors such as birth weights and multiple births, postnatal health conditions including diarrheal episodes, and socio-demographic determinants such as a child’s gender, maternal education level, and marital status. Therefore, there is the need to consider specific modifiable factors, such as low birth weight, episodes of child diarrhoea, and maternal education as priority targets for child nutrition interventions in Benin.
Why We Can’t Have Nice Things: Social Media’s Influence on Fashion, Ethics, and Property, Minh-Ha T. Pham (2022)
Authors: Dorie Amy 
Published: August 2023

Review of: Why We Can’t Have Nice Things: Social Media’s Influence on Fashion, Ethics, and Property, Minh-Ha T. Pham (2022)
Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 176 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-47801-861-2, p/bk, $23.95
Regularity criteria via horizontal component of velocity for the Boussinesq equations in anisotropic Lorentz spaces
Authors: Agarwal Ravi P. , Alghamdi Ahmad M. , Gala Sadek , Ragusa Maria Alessandra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this article, we study the regularity criteria of the weak solutions to the Boussinesq equations involving the horizontal component of velocity or the horizontal derivatives of the two components of velocity in anisotropic Lorentz spaces. This result reveals that the velocity field plays a dominant role in regularity theory of the Boussinesq equations.
High-strength polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrogel by vermiculite and lignocellulosic nanofibrils for electronic sensing
Authors: Hu Yaxin , Luo Jing , Luo Shipeng , Fei Tong , Song Mingyao , Qin Hengfei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The use of natural polysaccharides in stretchable hydrogels has attracted more and more attention. However, pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel has poor mechanical properties and low sensitivity in strain sensors. Composite hydrogels with high tensile properties (the storage modulus of 6,397.8 Pa and the loss modulus of 3,283.9 Pa) and high electrical conductivity (1.57 S·m−1) were prepared using a simple method. The Fe-vermiculite and lignocellulosic nanofibril-based hydrogels were applied as reliable and stable strain sensors that are responsive to environmental stimuli. The prepared hydrogels exhibited excellent ionic conductivity, which satisfied the needs of wrist flexion activity monitoring. The results showed that the PVA/LF0.4 hydrogel has a natural formulation, high mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity, which has great potential for application in artificial electronics.