bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological evaluation and identification of the insect vector of soybean stay-green associated virus
Authors: Cheng Ruixiang , Yan Rong , Mei Ruoxin , Wang Yaodi , Niu Wei , Ai Hao , Qiao Sijing , Xu Mengjia , Yu Wei , Ye Wenwu , Wang Yuanchao , Tao Xiaorong , Zhou Xueping , Xu Yi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the emergence of soybean stay-green syndrome (SGS), also referred to as ‘zhengqing’, in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China has resulted in significant yield losses. SGS is a phenomenon characterized by the delayed senescence of soybean, resulting in stay-green leaves, flat pods, and stunted seed development at harvest. We previously identified a distinct geminivirus, named soybean stay-green associated geminivirus (SoSGV), as the causative agent of SGS by fulfilling Koch’s postulates. To further understand the epidemiology of SoSGV, in this study, we collected 368 stay-green samples from 17 regions in 8 provinces including the Huang-Huai-Hai region and surrounding areas. The results showed that 228 samples tested positive for SoSGV (61.96%), and 96.93% of these positive samples showed severe pod deflation. Our epidemiological assessment reveals that SGS caused by the SoSGV is prevalent in the fields, and it is undergoing geographical expansion and genetic differentiation. Additionally, we determined other natural hosts grown in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. By capturing insects in the field and conducting laboratory vector transmission tests, we confirmed that the common brown leafhopper (Orosius orientalis) is the transmission vector of SoSGV. With a better understanding of the transmission and epidemiology of SoSGV, we can develop more effective strategies for managing and mitigating its impact on soybean yields.
Systematic review of digital twin technology and applications
Authors: Yao Jun-Feng , Yang Yong , Wang Xue-Cheng , Zhang Xiao-Peng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs one of the most important applications of digitalization, intelligence, and service, the digital twin (DT) breaks through the constraints of time, space, cost, and security on physical entities, expands and optimizes the relevant functions of physical entities, and enhances their application value. This phenomenon has been widely studied in academia and industry. In this study, the concept and definition of DT, as utilized by scholars and researchers in various fields of industry, are summarized. The internal association between DT and related technologies is explained. The four stages of DT development history are identified. The fundamentals of the technology, evaluation indexes, and model frameworks are reviewed. Subsequently, a conceptual ternary model of DT based on time, space, and logic is proposed. The technology and application status of typical DT systems are described. Finally, the current technical challenges of DT technology are analyzed, and directions for future development are discussed.
Valorization of sustainable vegetable oil deodorizer distillate as a novel fatliquor
Authors: Nashy El-Shahat H. A. , Abdel-Razek Adel Gabr , Hassanein Minar Mahmoud M. , Abo-Elwafa Ghada A. , Elsayed Hamed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe deodorizer distillate (DD) is a byproduct of vegetable oil processing industry and is rich in functional bioactive components. This study aimed to employ phosphorylation modification for DD to produce a new sustainable fatliquor. The bioactive ingredients in DD, namely fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherols, were determined by using HPLC and GLC. The results revealed that the DD sample contained a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (72.3%) and high levels of γ and δ-tocopherols (54.8% and 31.60%, respectively). Mechanical parameters (tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength) of leather were improved after being treated with the prepared fatliquor emulsion. Eventually, SEM showed that the texture of the fatliquored leather had been remarkably enhanced. Moreover, the fatliquored leather possessed effective antibacterial effect against the specified +ve, −ve bacteria, and Candida albicans microorganisms. The strength, fullness, soft handle, and elasticity of leather were all improved, and the grain of leather was protected from becoming loose after drying.
Graphical Abstract
Exploring the link between cardiovascular risk factors and manifestations in latent tuberculosis infection: a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Djaharuddin Irawaty , Amir Muzakkir , Qanitha Andriany 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The global burden of tuberculosis (TB) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is overt, and the prevalence of this double burden disease remains steadily rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This review aims to explore the association between latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and the development of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors. Furthermore, we elucidated the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to this relationship.

Main body
Approximately 25% of the global population carries a dormant form of tuberculosis (TB) infection. During this latent stage, certain subsets of mycobacteria actively reproduce, and recent research suggests that latent TB infection (LTBI) is connected to persistent, long-term low-grade inflammation that can potentially contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The presence of LTBI can be confirmed through a positive result on either a tuberculin skin test (TST) or an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Several plausible explanations for the association between LTBI and CVD include increased inflammation, autoimmunity related to heat shock proteins (HSP), and the presence of pathogens within the developing atherosclerotic plaque. The most commonly observed cardiovascular events and risk factors associated with LTBI are acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery stenosis, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

Conclusions
This article highlights the critical role of LTBI in perpetuating the tuberculosis disease cycle and its association with cardiovascular risk factors. Chronic and persistent low inflammation underlined the association. Identifying high-risk LTBI patients and providing targeted preventive medication are crucial strategies for global TB eradication and interrupting transmission chains.
Assessment of core endurance and shoulder proprioception in dental students with and without forward head posture
Authors: Dawood Reem Sayed , Abdelraouf Osama Ragaa , Mehmed Saif , Moubarak Ezzat ELSayed , Elborady Amal A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
One of the most prevalent musculoskeletal issues in dentistry is forward head posture (FHP). Proprioception and core endurance are crucial for maintaining proper posture.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare dental students with and without FHP in terms of their core endurance and shoulder proprioception.

Methods
Using kinovea software, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 dental students who had FHP with a craniovertebral angle less than 49 degrees. The control group consisted of 30 additional dental students without FHP. Trunk anterior flexor, posterior extensor, right and left flexors were tested using the McGill method to determine core endurance. The isokinetic Biodex system was used to measure shoulder proprioception.

Results
Independent t-test results revealed that core endurance was significantly lower in the group with forward head posture compared to the control group (p 0.05), while shoulder proprioception did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
In comparison to dental students without forward head posture, male dental students with FHP have normal shoulder joint proprioception and impaired core endurance holding time. This could be a risk factor for a variety of musculoskeletal issues in dentists.
Why there is something rather than nothing: A proposal for the cosmological constant problem
Authors: Li Xiang , Ho Fei-hung 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This work is based on the idea that the observed cosmological constant is preferred for a stable vacuum, where a running gravitational coupling is considered. The most probable value of the cosmological constant is determined by the minimum of the vacuum energy density, and it is just proportional to the matter density. When the cosmological constant is connected with a modified dispersion relation (MDR) via an effective Newton constant, it may impose a constraint on the latter: the exponent of the leading correction should be n = 3.
Circadian Regulation of Metabolism: Commitment to Health and Diseases
Authors: Sato Tomoki , Sato Shogo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The circadian clock is a biological timekeeping system to govern temporal rhythms of the endocrine system and metabolism. The master pacemaker of biological rhythms is housed in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) where approximately 20,000 neurons exist and receive light stimulus as a predominant timed external cue (zeitgeber). The central SCN clock orchestrates molecular clock rhythms in peripheral tissues and coordinates circadian metabolic homeostasis at a systemic level. Accumulated evidence underscores an intertwined relationship between the circadian clock system and metabolism: the circadian clock provides daily dynamics of metabolic activity whereas the circadian clock activity is modulated by metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms. Disruption of circadian rhythms due to shift work and jet lag confounds the daily metabolic cycle, thereby increasing risks of various metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Food intake serves as a powerful zeitgeber to entrain molecular clocks and circadian clock regulation of metabolic pathways, independently of light exposure to the SCN. Thus, the daily timing of food intake rather than the diet quantity and quality contributes to promoting health and preventing disease development through restoring circadian control of metabolic pathways. In this review, we discuss how the circadian clock dominates metabolic homeostasis and how chrononutritional strategies benefit metabolic health, summarizing the latest evidence from basic and translational studies.
Treating the Side Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoids; Can We Separate the Good From the Bad?
Authors: Pofi Riccardo , Caratti Giorgio , Ray David W , Tomlinson Jeremy W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
It is estimated that 2% to 3% of the population are currently prescribed systemic or topical glucocorticoid treatment. The potent anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids to deliver therapeutic benefit is not in doubt. However, the side effects associated with their use, including central weight gain, hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and osteoporosis, often collectively termed iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, are associated with a significant health and economic burden. The precise cellular mechanisms underpinning the differential action of glucocorticoids to drive the desirable and undesirable effects are still not completely understood. Faced with the unmet clinical need to limit glucocorticoid-induced adverse effects alongside ensuring the preservation of anti-inflammatory actions, several strategies have been pursued. The coprescription of existing licensed drugs to treat incident adverse effects can be effective, but data examining the prevention of adverse effects are limited. Novel selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists and selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators have been designed that aim to specifically and selectively activate anti-inflammatory responses based upon their interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor. Several of these compounds are currently in clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy. More recently, strategies exploiting tissue-specific glucocorticoid metabolism through the isoforms of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase has shown early potential, although data from clinical trials are limited. The aim of any treatment is to maximize benefit while minimizing risk, and within this review we define the adverse effect profile associated with glucocorticoid use and evaluate current and developing strategies that aim to limit side effects but preserve desirable therapeutic efficacy.
Paying Tribute for the Dead: Religion and Spectral Labor in Sixteenth-Century Mexican Epidemics
Authors: Hughes Jennifer Scheper 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study approaches the history of epidemics in Mexico under Spanish invasion through the lens of religion and labor. In the aftermath of a particularly devastating epidemic from 1576 to 1581, colonial administrators in Mexico tried to exact previous levels of encomienda tribute from a greatly diminished population. Across the colony, Indigenous survivors protested having to pay “tribute for the dead” for those that they lost in the outbreak, and they demanded official recounts and new censuses of their communities. Underlying their protest were longstanding Mesoamerican practices and principles for the structure of collective labor, or tequitl in Nahuatl, including social norms dictating the proper relationship between religion, work, and the afterlife. The language of protest suggests that among the most serious violations of the “tribute for the dead” was that those who died in the epidemic were being compelled to work as spectral laborers for Spanish purposes. The resilient power of these practices and beliefs motivated and galvanized a groundswell of struggle against the encomienda system of labor extraction toward the end of the sixteenth century, bringing that system to its knees.
Pandemics, Labor Relations, and Political Regimes: The Bubonic Plague and COVID-19 Crises in India
Authors: Sarkar Aditya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article investigates the possibility of comparisons between the COVID-19 crisis in India and an earlier episode of pandemic crisis: bubonic plague in Bombay at the end of the nineteenth century. There are numerous apparent parallels. In both cases, Indians experienced an unprecedented and sweeping use of state authority to enforce minute regulations of everyday life. These regulations, on both occasions, were nominally universal in their scope but in practice bore most heavily on the working classes and specifically the urban poor. During both pandemic crises, the immediate consequence of the strategy of state control chosen was a massive flight of the urban poor: from Bombay between 1896 and 1898, and from many of India's major urban centers in the summer of 2020. The parallels and convergences mentioned above provide a basis for comparison. But they do no more than that: the emphasis of the analysis that follows is on the contrasts between the two pandemic crises. It is these contrasts between the two episodes, rather than the superficially more striking similarities, which offer a basis for reflection on the character of the respective crises. These reflections focus, at their core, on the mode of authoritarian state policy deployed in the two cases, and on the predicament of laboring classes during the two cycles of pandemic crisis.
Shaping the future of male reproductive health: fostering talent at the 14th Network of Young Researchers in Andrology meeting
Authors: Marcu Daniel , Egeberg Dorte , Richer Guillaume , Oud Manon , Houston Brendan , Berres Sven , de la Iglesia Alberto 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The 14th Network of Young Researchers in Andrology (NYRA) meeting was a 2-day conference held at the University of East Anglia in Norwich, UK, organized by the NYRA. The meeting brought together researchers and experts to discuss and exchange ideas on male infertility and spermatogenesis. The meeting covered a wide range of topics related to male germline research, including the impact of mutations in the male germline on future generations, the use of innovative sequencing tools for the study of male infertility, and the intricate germline epigenome. The impact of aging on spermatogenesis was also discussed, with a focus on the increased DNA fragmentation rates, changes in DNA methylation patterns, and longer telomeres associated with aging sperm. Additionally, progress on fertility preservation options for children undergoing gonadotoxic cancer treatments was presented. The meeting also featured workshops on leadership and career development strategies in science, providing a valuable opportunity for young researchers to learn from experts in the field and exchange ideas with their peers. Overall, the meeting provided a platform for researchers to discuss the latest developments in male germline research, highlighting the importance of empowering young researchers to tackle male reproductive health.
Barriers and facilitators to maternal death surveillance and response at a busy urban National Referral Hospital in Uganda
Authors: Namagembe Imelda , Beyeza-Kashesya Jolly , Rujumba Joseph , K.Kaye Dan , Mukuru Moses , Kiwanuka Noah , Moffett Ashley , Nakimuli Annettee , Byamugisha Josaphat 
Published: May 2023

Background: Preventable maternal and newborn deaths remain a global concern, particularly in low- and- middle-income countries (LMICs) Timely maternal death surveillance and response (MDSR) is a recommended strategy to account for such deaths through identifying contextual factors that contributed to the deaths to inform recommendations to implement in order to reduce future deaths. Implementation of MDSR is still suboptimal due to barriers such as inadequate skills and leadership to support MDSR. With the leadership of WHO and UNFPA, there is momentum to roll out MDSR, however, the barriers and enablers for implementation have received limited attention. These have implications for successful implementation. The aim of this study was: To assess barriers and facilitators to implementation of MDSR at a busy urban National Referral Hospital as perceived by health workers, administrators, and other partners in Reproductive Health. Methods: Qualitative study using in-depth interviews (24), 4 focus-group discussions with health workers, 15 key-informant interviews with health sector managers and implementing partners in Reproductive-Health. We conducted thematic analysis drawing on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Results: The major barriers to implementation of MDSR were: inadequate knowledge and skills; fear of blame / litigation; failure to implement recommendations; burn out because of workload and inadequate leadership- to support health workers. Major facilitators were involving all health workers in the MDSR process, eliminate blame, strengthen leadership, implement recommendations from MDSR and functionalize lower health facilities (especially Health Centre -IVs). Conclusions: The barriers of MDSR include knowledge and skills gaps, fear of blame and litigation, and other health system factors such as erratic emergency supplies, and leadership/governance challenges. Recommendation: Efforts to strengthen MDSR for impact should use health system responsiveness approach to address the barriers identified, constructive participation of health workers to harness the facilitators and addressing the required legal framework.
On the distribution of the greatest common divisor of the elements in integral part sets
Authors: Srichan Teerapat 
Published: May 2023

It is a classical result that the probability that two positive integers n, m ≤ x are relatively prime tends to 1/ζ(2) = 6/π2 as x → ∞. In this paper, the same result is still true when n and m are restricted to sub-sequences, i.e. Piatetski–Shapiro sequence, Beatty sequence and the floor function set.
The Impact of Financial Stress on Workplace Harassment and Discrimination
Authors: Narayan Ayushi 
Published: May 2023

I study the impact of financial stress on the incidence of harassment and discrimination using Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) charges brought forward by U.S. Postal Service workers. An analysis of more than 800,000 EEO charges filed between 2004 and 2019 demonstrates that financial stress experienced in the second week of the pay cycle increases EEO incidents by about 5% compared with the first week. Further analyses suggest that the uncovered effects are driven by changes in the number of incidents rather than in their reporting. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the Laboratory for Economic Analysis and Policy at Harvard University and a James M. and Cathleen D. Stone PhD Scholar fellowship from the Multidisciplinary Program in Inequality & Social Policy. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4815 .
Examining the change of half-period voltage in longitudinal electro-optic modulation and residual stress of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal
Authors: Liu Hui , Gao Zeliang , Wang Shenglai , Li Xianglin , Li Weidong , Wang Duanliang , Huang Pingping , Xu Longyun , Zhang Liyuan , Wang Bo 
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the voltage-transmittance curvesKDP crystals were
measured accurately between two crossed or parallel polarizers using
longitudinal electro-optic effect. The end faces of rectangular KDP
samples were coated with ring-shaped electrodes using conductive
silver paint (CSP). The change of half period voltage U
i
has been investigated. A method for
quantitative characterization of residual stress has been proposed,
based on deviation voltage U
d
. The results demonstrate that loading
voltage is close to the integration of electric field intensity in
crystal along the optical path when the CSP ring electrodes have a
large outer radius R, small inner radius r, and long-distance d. The half-period voltage U
i
is also close to longitudinal
half-wave voltage U
π
in these circumstances. The unclamped
electro-optic coefficient γ63
σ
of KDP crystal at room temperature
was measured as 10.24±0.05pm/V at the wavelength of
632.8 nm.
Remote sensing oil in water with an all-fiber underwater single-photon Raman lidar
Authors: Shangguan Mingjia , Yang Zhifeng , Shangguan Mingyu , Lin Zaifa , Liao Zhuoyang , Guo Yirui , Liu Chuan 
Published: May 2023

The detection of oil in water is of great importance for maintaining subsurface
infrastructures such as oil pipelines. As a potential technology for
oceanic application, an oceanic lidar has proved its advantages for
remote sensing of optical properties and subsea materials. However,
current oceanic lidar systems are highly power-consuming and bulky,
making them difficult to deploy underwater to monitor oil in water. To
address this issue, we have developed a compact single-photon Raman
lidar by using a single-photon detector with high quantum efficiency
and low dark noise. Due to the single-photon sensitivity, the
detection of the relatively weak Raman backscattered signal from
underwater oil was realized with a laser with a pulse energy of
1 µJ and a telescope with a diameter of 22.4 mm. An
experimental demonstration was conducted to obtain the
distance-resolved Raman backscatter of underwater oil of different
thicknesses up to a distance of 12 m. The results indicate the
single-photon Raman lidar’s potential for inspecting underwater oil
pipelines.
High-detection-efficiency stereo microscope system based on a mobile phone
Authors: Guo Xinran , Chang Jun , Chen Weilin , Hu Yaoyao , Ma Ning , Zhang Jianping 
Published: May 2023

Most stereoscopic microscopes used for industrial component detection are large and have low detection efficiencies. The use of mobile phones as imaging systems (rather than conventional sensors) in industrial fields would make industrial testing more convenient. In this study, an external stereo microscope for mobile phones is designed. The proposed system can resolve details up to 0.01 mm with an 11 mm object field of view, −6.34× angular magnification, and quantitative 3D feature measurement. The combined system proposed in this paper is suitable for the microscopic observation of industrial components, with its low cost, high detection efficiency, and short installation steps.