bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trusted Sources of Information and COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in a Sample of Latinx Sexual and Gender Minorities in South Florida
Authors: Metheny Nicholas , Scott Dalton , Buch Juan , Fallon Stephen , Chavez Jennifer 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
To examine factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in a sample of Latino/a/x sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) individuals in South Florida.

Design:
Data were collected via an online survey from March 2021 to August 2022, as part of the Community Engagement Alliance Against COVID-19 Disparities. A multivariate regression analysis was fit using completion of a COVID-19 vaccine regimen as the outcome. Key covariates included trusted sources of information (eg, doctor, media), COVID-19–related challenges (eg, accessing medication, transportation), and dominant wave of SARS-CoV-2 at the time of data collection.

Setting:
Miami-Dade and Broward counties, Florida.

Results:
White Latino/a/x, bachelor's educated respondents, and those with high levels of trust in community organizations had significantly greater odds of vaccination.

Conclusion:
Community organizations may be key to improving vaccine uptake among marginalized Latino/a/x SGM for COVID-19 and other emerging communicable diseases, such as meningitis and Mpox (monkeypox). The results of this study suggest that tailored public health messaging and additional funding for vaccine distribution are needed to better equip community organizations with the resources they need to serve this population.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of inpatient falls during inpatient rehabilitation: a case-control study
Authors: Lee Se Won , Elsakr Carol , Ayutyanont Napatkamon , Lee Soohyoung , Oh-Park Mooyeon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Inpatient falls (IFs) have a significant impact on the outcomes of older patients during inpatient rehabilitation. A retrospective case-control study was conducted using data of 7,066 adults aged 55 years or older to evaluate significant predictors of IFs during inpatient rehabilitation (IR) and the association of IFs with discharge destination and length of stay (LOS). A stepwise logistic regression was used to model odds of IFs and home discharge with demographic and clinical characteristic variables and a multivariate linear regression to evaluate the association between IFs and LOS.
931 of 7,066 patients (13.18%) had IFs during IR. The group with IFs had longer LOS (14.22 ± 7.82 versus 11.85 ± 5.33 days, P < .0001) and a decreased proportion of home discharges when compared to the group without IFs. There were increased odds of IFs among patients with diagnoses of head injury, other injuries, a history of falls, dementia, a divorced marital status, and a use of laxatives or anticonvulsants. IFs were associated with an increased LOS (Coefficient 1.62, CI [1.19, 2.06]) and decreased odds of home discharge (OR 0.79, CI [0.65, 0.96]) after IR. This knowledge may be incorporated into strategies for reducing IFs during IR.
Identification of key breast features using a neural network: applications of machine learning in the clinical setting of Plastic Surgery
Authors: Kenig Nitzan , Monton Echeverria Javier , De la Ossa Luis 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
In Plastic Surgery, evaluation of breast symmetry is an important aspect of clinical practice. Computer programs have been developed for this purpose, but most of them require operator input. Artificial Intelligence has been introduced into many aspects of medicine. In Plastic Surgery, automated neural networks for breast evaluation could improve quality of care. In this work, we evaluate the identification of breast features, with an ad-hoc trained neural network.

Materials and Methods:
An ad-hoc convolutional neural network was developed on YOLOV3 platform to detect key features of the breast that are commonly used in Plastic Surgery for symmetry evaluation. The program was trained with 200 frontal photographs of patients who underwent breast surgery and was tested on 47 frontal images of patients who underwent breast reconstruction after suffering from breast cancer.

Results:
the program was successfully able to detect key features in 97.74% of cases. The boundaries of the breast in 94/94 of cases, the nipple-areolar complex in 94/94 of cases and the suprasternal notch in 41/47 of cases. Mean time of detection was 0,52 seconds.

Conclusions:
The ad-hoc neural network was successful at localizing key breast features, with a total detection rate of 97.74%. Neural Networks and machine learning have a potential of improving the evaluation of breast symmetry in the field of Plastic Surgery, by automated and quick detection of features used by surgeons in practice. More studies and development are needed to further the knowledge in this area.
A Characterization of Pediatric Craniofacial Injuries from Children’s Toys
Authors: Treger Dylan , Plotsker Ethan , Thaller Seth R. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Playing with toys contributes significantly to the cognitive, physical, and social development of children. Certain toys, unfortunately, carry the potential for serious craniofacial injury. There is a gap in the literature regarding the comprehensive assessment of toy-related craniofacial injuries. By studying mechanisms of injury and ensuing trauma, our goal is to encourage innovative design and educate caregivers, health care workers, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission on risk mitigation and prevention.

Methods and Materials:
The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Database was queried to analyze toy-related craniofacial injuries that occurred in children (ages 0–10) between 2011 and 2020.

Results:
Approximately 881,000 injuries occurred over a 10-year span. Children ages 1 to 5 sustained most injuries, peaking at age 2 (16.3%). Males were injured 1.95 times more frequently than females. Injured sites included the face (43.7%), head (29.7%), mouth (13.5%), ears (6.9%), and eyes (6.2%). The top diagnoses were lacerations (40.4%), foreign bodies (16.2%), internal injuries (15.8%), and contusions (15.8%). The most common causes were scooters (13%), balls (6.9%), toy vehicles excluding riding toys (6.3%), building sets (4.4%), and tricycles (3%).

Discussion:
This study identifies toys that most frequently cause craniofacial injuries in children. These results provide new information about types of play that should be supervised, and this data helps anticipate injury profiles seen in emergency settings. Future research should study why the products identified are strongly associated with injuries, so safety features can be optimized and designs appropriately altered.
A Prospective Clinical Trial to Evaluate Mesothelin as a Biomarker for the Clinical Management of Patients with Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Byun Alexander J. , Grosser Rachel A. , Choe Jennie K. , Rizk Nabil P. , Tang Laura H. , Molena Daniela , Tan Kay See , Restle David , Cheema Waseem , Zhu Amy , Gerdes Hans , Markowitz Arnold J. , Bains Manjit S. , Rusch Valerie W. , Jones David R. , Adusumilli Prasad S. 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
We conducted a prospective trial (NCT01393483) to investigate the utility of serum soluble mesothelin related peptide (SMRP) and tumor mesothelin expression in the management of esophageal adenocarcinoma (ADC).

Summary Background Data:
Clinical management of esophageal ADC is limited by a lack of accurate evaluation of tumor burden, treatment response and disease recurrence. Our retrospective data showed that tumor mesothelin and its serum correlate, SMRP, are overexpressed and associated with poor outcomes in patients with esophageal ADC.

Methods:
Serum SMRP and tumoral mesothelin expression from 101 patients with locally advanced esophageal ADC were analyzed prior to induction chemoradiation (pre-treatment) and at the time of resection (post-treatment), as a biomarker for treatment response, disease recurrence and overall survival (OS).

Results:
Pre- and post-treatment serum SMRP was ≥1 nM in 49% and 53%, and pre- and post-treatment tumor mesothelin expression was >25% in 35% and 46% of patients, respectively. Pre-treatment serum SMRP was not significantly associated with tumor stage (P=0.9), treatment response (radiologic response, P=0.4; pathologic response, P=0.7) or recurrence (P=0.229). Pre-treatment tumor mesothelin expression was associated with OS (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.14-3.79; P=0.017) but had no statistically significant association with recurrence (P=0.9). 3-year OS of patients with pre-treatment tumor mesothelin expression of ≤25% was 78% (95% CI, 68-89%), compared to 49% (95% CI, 35-70%) among those with >25%.

Conclusions:
Pre-treatment tumor mesothelin expression is prognostic of OS for patients with locally advanced esophageal ADC, whereas serum SMRP is not a reliable biomarker for monitoring treatment response or recurrence.
The conformational landscape of a serpin N-terminal subdomain facilitates folding and in-cell quality control
Authors: Kaur Upneet , Kihn Kyle C. , Ke Haiping , Kuo Weiwei , Gierasch Lila M. , Hebert Daniel N. , Wintrode Patrick L. , Deredge Daniel , Gershenson Anne 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTMany multi-domain proteins including the serpin family of serine protease inhibitors contain non-sequential domains composed of regions that are far apart in sequence. Because proteins are translated vectorially from N-to C-terminus, such domains pose a particular challenge: how to balance the conformational lability necessary to form productive interactions between early and late translated regions while avoiding aggregation. This balance is mediated by the protein sequence properties and the interactions of the folding protein with the cellular quality control machinery. For serpins, particularly α1-antitrypsin (AAT), mutations often lead to polymer accumulation in cells and consequent disease suggesting that the lability/aggregation balance is especially precarious. Therefore, we investigated the properties of progressively longer AAT N-terminal fragments in solution and in cells. The N-terminal subdomain, residues 1-190 (AAT190), is monomeric in solution and efficiently degraded in cells. More ý-rich fragments, 1-290 and 1-323, form small oligomers in solution, but are still efficiently degraded, and even the polymerization promoting Siiyama (S53F) mutation did not significantly affect fragment degradation.In vitro,the AAT190 region is among the last regions incorporated into the final structure. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations show that AAT190 has a broad, dynamic conformational ensemble that helps protect one particularly aggregation prone ý-strand from solvent. These AAT190 dynamics result in transient exposure of sequences that are buried in folded, full-length AAT, which may provide important recognition sites for the cellular quality control machinery and facilitate degradation and, under favorable conditions, reduce the likelihood of polymerization.
Cannabinoid type 2 receptor inhibition enhances the antidepressant and proneurogenic effects of physical exercise after chronic stress
Authors: Rodrigues RS , Moreira JB , Vaz SH , Barateiro A , Paulo SL , Mateus JM , Lourenço DM , Ribeiro FF , Loureiro-Campos E , Bielefeld P , Fernandes A , Sebastião AM , Pinto L , Fitzsimons CP , Xapelli S 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChronic stress is a major risk factor of neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) has emerged as a promising target to counteract stress-related disorders given the ability of newborn neurons to facilitate endogenous plasticity. Recent data sheds light on the interaction between cannabinoids and neurotrophic factors underlying the regulation of AHN, with important effects upon cognitive plasticity and emotional flexibility. Since physical exercise (PE) is known to enhance neurotrophin levels, we hypothesized that PE could engage with cannabinoids to influence AHN and that this would result in beneficial effects under stressful conditions. We therefore investigated the actions of modulating cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2R), which are devoid of psychotropic effects, in combination with PE in chronically stressed animals. We found that CB2R inhibition, but not CB2R activation, in combination with PE significantly ameliorated stress-evoked emotional changes and cognitive deficits. Importantly, this combined strategy critically shaped stress-induced changes in AHN dynamics, leading to a significant increase in the rates of cell proliferation and differentiation of newborn neurons, and an overall reduction in neuroinflammation. Together, these results show that CB2Rs are crucial regulators of the beneficial effects of PE in countering the effects of chronic stress. Our work emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind the actions of cannabinoids and PE and provides a framework for future therapeutic strategies to treat stress-related disorders that capitalize on lifestyle interventions complemented with endocannabinoid pharmacomodulation.
A chromosome-scale and haplotype-resolved genome assembly of tetraploid blackberry (RubusL. subgenusRubusWatson)
Authors: Paudel Dev , Peng Ze , Parajuli Saroj , Parrish S. Brooks , Deng Zhanao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundBlackberries (RubussubgenusRubus) are a major berry crop consumed globally for being a rich source of anthocyanins and antioxidants, and their unique flavor. However, breeding for fruit improvement in blackberry has been significantly hindered by the scarcity of genomic resources and the genetic complexity of traits. The blackberry genome has been particularly challenging to assemble, largely due to its polyploid nature.FindingsWe present the first chromosome-scale and haplotype-phased genome assembly for the cultivated primocane-fruiting, thornless tetraploid blackberry selection BL1 (RubusL. subgenusRubusWatson). The tetraploid genome assembly was generated using the Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) and Hi-C scaffolding, comprising 919 Mb placed on 27 pseudochromosomes with an N50 of 35.73 Mb. The assembly covers >92% of the genome length and contains over 98% of complete BUSCOs. Repetitive sequences constitute 57% of the assembly, with the long terminal repeats (LTR) being the most abundant class. A total of 87,968 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which, 82% were functionally annotated. Gene expression analyses identified candidate genes and transcription factors related to thornlessness in blackberries, including MYB16, lysine histidine transporters, PDR1, Caffeoyl-CoA, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored lipid protein transfer 1, DRN, beta-ketoacyl reductase, and homocysteine S-methyltransferase 3.ConclusionsThe utility of this genome has been demonstrated in this study by identifying candidate genes related to thornlessness in blackberry. Resequencing of tetraploid blackberry cultivars/selections with different horticultural characteristics revealed genes that could impact fruiting habit and disease resistance/susceptibility. This tetraploid reference genome will serve as a valuable resource to accelerate genetic analysis and breeding of this important berry crop, enabling the development of improved varieties with enhanced traits.
Potential biomarkers for fatal outcome prognosis in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with pre-existing co-morbidities
Authors: Madera-Sandoval Ruth Lizzeth , Cérbulo-Vázquez Arturo , Arriaga-Pizano Lourdes Andrea , Cabrera-Rivera Graciela Libier , Basilio-Gálvez Edna , Miranda-Cruz Patricia Esther , García de la Rosa María Teresa , Prieto-Chávez Jessica Lashkmin , Rivero-Arredondo Silvia Vanessa , Cruz-Cruz Alonso , Rodríguez-Hernández Daniela , Salazar-Ríos María Eugenia , Salazar-Ríos Enrique , Serrano-Molina Esli David , De Lira-Barraza Roberto Carlos , Villanueva-Compean Abel Humberto , Esquivel-Pineda Alejandra , Ramírez-Montes de Oca Rubén , Unzueta-Marta Omar , Flores-Padilla Guillermo , Anda-Garay Juan Carlos , Sánchez-Hurtado Luis Alejandro , Calleja-Alarcón Salvador , Romero-Gutiérrez Laura , Torres-Rosas Rafel , Bonifaz Laura C. , Pelayo Rosana , Márquez-Márquez Edna , López-Macías Constantino III Roberto , Ferat-Osorio Eduardo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe difficulty to predict fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients, impacts in the general morbidity and mortality due to SARSCoV2 infection, as it wears out the hospital services that care for these patients. Unfortunately, in several of the candidates for prognostic biomarkers proposed, the predictive power is compromised when patients have pre-existing co-morbidities.MethodsA cohort of one hundred and forty-seven patients hospitalized for severe COVID19 was included in a descriptive, observational, single-center, and prospective study. Patients were recruited during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave (April-Nov, 2020). Data were collected from the clinical history while immunophenotyping by multiparameter flow cytometry analysis allowed us to assess the expression of surface markers on peripheral leukocytes. Patients were grouped according to the outcome in survivor or decease. The prognostic value of leukocytes, cytokines or HLA-DR, CD39, and CD73 was calculated.ResultsHypertension and chronic renal failure but not obesity and diabetes were conditions more frequent among the decease group. Mixed hypercitokinemia, including inflammatory (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, was more evident in deceased patients. In the decease group, lymphopenia with a higher NLR value was present. HLA-DR expression and the percentage of CD39+ cells were higher than non COVID-19 patients, but remain similar despite outcome. ROC analysis and cut-off value of NLR (69.6%, 9.4), pNLR (71.1%, 13.6), IL-6 (79.7%, 135.2 pg/mL).ConclusionThe expression of HLA-DR, CD39, and CD73, as many serum cytokines (other than IL-6) and chemokines levels do not show prognostic potential compared to NLR and pNLR values.
Cocoa flavanols improve peakVO2and exercise capacity in a randomized double blinded clinical trial in healthy elderly
Authors: Gröne Michael , Duse Dragos , Kramser Nicolas , Ophoff Niklas , Schweers Hendrik , Voß Fabian , Quast Christine , Sansone Roberto , Heiss Christian , Jung Christian , Kelm Malte , Erkens Ralf 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundLoss of functional capacity is one of the hallmarks in cardiovascular aging. Cocoa flavanols (CF) exert favorable effects on endothelial function, blood pressure, and inflammation. These cardiovascular health markers worsen with increasing age and limit functional exercise capacity.AimTo investigate the effect of CF on cardiorespiratory-fitness in healthy elderly.MethodsIn a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group dietary intervention trial, 68 healthy elderly (55-79 years, 28 female) received either 500 mg of CF or a nutrient-matched control capsule twice a day for 30 days. Primary endpoint was defined as peak oxygen consumption (VO2) in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Secondary endpoints were oxygen pulse (VO2/heart rate (HR)), resting blood pressure (BP), and resting vascular function.ResultsAfter 30 days of CF intake peakVO2increased by 190 ml/min (95% CI 1-371 ml/min) and peakVO2/kg by 2.5 ml/(min*kg) (95% CI 0.30-4.2 ml/(min*kg)). O2-pulse increased by 1.7 ml (95% CI 0.29-3.2 ml) and max exercise capacity by 9.6 W (95% CI 2.1-17.7 W). CF decreased resting systolic and diastolic BP by 5.4 mmHg (95% CI -10.7 - -0.1 mmHg) and 2.9 mmHg (95% CI (-) 5.5-(-) 0.4 mmHg), respectively. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) increased by an absolute 1.3% (95% CI 0.76-1.79 %) in the CF group. Indexes of pulmonary function were not affected. No changes for primary and secondary endpoints were detected in control.ConclusionCF substantially improve markers of cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy elderly humans highlighting their potential to preserve cardiovascular health with increasing age.
New insights into the genetic etiology of 57 essential and non-essential trace elements in humans
Authors: Moksnes Marta R. , Hansen Ailin F. , Wolford Brooke N. , Thomas Laurent F. , Rasheed Humaira , Simić Anica , Bhatta Laxmi , Brantsæter Anne Lise , Surakka Ida , Zhou Wei , Magnus Per , Njølstad Pål R. , Andreassen Ole A. , Syversen Tore , Zheng Jie , Fritsche Lars G. , Evans David M. , Warrington Nicole M. , Nøst Therese H. , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Flaten Trond Peder , Willer Cristen J. , Hveem Kristian , Brumpton Ben M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTrace elements are important for human health but may exert toxic or adverse effects. Mechanisms of uptake, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are partly under genetic control but have not yet been extensively mapped. Here we report a comprehensive multi-element genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 57 essential and non-essential trace elements. We performed GWA meta-analyses of 14 trace elements in up to 6580 Scandinavian whole-blood samples, and GWASs of 43 trace elements in up to 2819 samples measured only in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). We identified 11 novel genetic loci associated with blood concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, manganese, selenium, and zinc in genome-wide meta-analyses. In HUNT, several genome-wide significant loci were also indicated for other trace elements. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization, we found several indications of weak to moderate effects on health outcomes, the most precise being a weak harmful effect of increased zinc on prostate cancer. However, independent validation is needed. Our new understanding of trace element-associated genetic variants may help establish consequences of trace elements on human health.