bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic modelling of a dual-source heat pump system through a Simulink tool
Authors: Natale Christian , Naldi Claudia , Dongellini Matteo , Morini Gian Luca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the performance of a reversible Dual-Source Heat Pump (DSHP) system, able to exploit renewable energy from, alternatively, air and ground sources, is evaluated by using Matlab-Simulink. The actual source exploited depends on a simple control strategy on the basis of the current external air temperature. Yearly dynamic simulations have been carried out by coupling the DSHP to a detached residential building located in Bologna, in which heating and cooling loads are strongly unbalanced, and coupled to a Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHEs) field. Different case studies have been analysed in which the length of the borefield has been modified. The obtained results show that an optimal switching temperature can be determined to maximise the Annual Performance Factor (APF) for a fixed BHE field length. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that DSHPs can be very useful in order to reduce the total required length of the borehole heat exchangers and, consequently, the associated costs, and to solve the problems linked to the ground temperature drift, which can be originated by the presence of an undersized borefield and/or by unbalanced building loads. As a consequence, DSHPs can be suggested for the retrofitting of traditional ground-coupled heat pump systems in presence of undersized BHEs.
Fault diagnosis in district heating networks
Authors: Bahlawan H , Gambarotta A , Losi E , Manservigi L , Morini M , Saletti C , Spina P R , Venturini M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
District Heating Networks (DHNs), which dispatch thermal energy from a heat source to end-users by means of a heat carrier, are composed of pipes that can be affected by faults that endanger system reliability. Thus, reliable diagnostic approaches have to be employed to evaluate the health state of the DHN.
In the framework of the ENERGYNIUS research project, the authors of this paper developed a diagnostic approach aimed at detecting and identifying the most frequent faults that affect DHN pipes, i.e., water leakages, heat losses and pressure losses. The diagnostic approach detects and identifies pipe faults by coupling a DHN model with an optimization algorithm. As a result, the health indices of each pipe of the DHN, the fault position, its type and magnitude are provided. This study investigates the capability of the diagnostic approach by using two datasets, in which challenging faults were hypothetically implanted in the DHN of the campus of the University of Parma.
The diagnostic approach successfully detected and identified both faults, by also accurately assessing fault magnitude. In addition, the relative error with which each DHN variable is predicted is lower than 0.06 %.
How Power-to-Gas strategy could reduce national Natural Gas consumption over the energy crisis period
Authors: Pastore Lorenzo Mario , Mojtahed Ali , Santoli Livio de 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Europe is facing an energy crisis caused by the dramatic rise in gas prices. This situation is damaging the European economy and urgent measures to reduce gas consumption are crucial in the short term. This paper aims to analyse the potential contribution of the Power-to-Gas strategy to reduce the Italian consumption of Natural Gas (NG) in the context of the current energy crisis. To do so, the Italian energy system has been modelled by means the EnergyPLAN software. The electrolysers’ installation in the Italian energy systems has been simulated in combination with different levels of additional RES installation. The hydrogen production and the NG abatement potential have been calculated in each simulated scenario. Furthermore, the Natural Gas Abatement Cost (NGAC) has been assessed. By installing 1.5 GW of electrolysers, along with an additional 25 GW of renewables, about 140 ktonH2/year can be produced only by exploiting the RES excess. The total NG reduction due to both the RES generation and the hydrogen injection is more than 60 TWh/year. The NG abatement cost varies between 45 and 54 €/MWh. At current gas prices, it is therefore extremely cheaper to invest in a drastic reduction of natural gas than to buy the same amount of gas on the wholesale market. Therefore, the current energy crisis can be an opportunity to accelerate the energy transition process. The proposed solutions allow a substantial reduction in gas consumption with the consequent reduction in emissions and the country’s energy dependency.
Assessment of closed cycles operating with supercritical CO2 as bottoming of small combustion turbines
Authors: Akramieh Elham , Giuffrida Antonio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the performance of supercritical CO2 power cycles bottoming small combustion turbines. As a matter of fact, the maximum power output of the topping cycle is limited to 10 MW, since there is a great number of commercial combustion turbine units for which the conventional combined cycle architecture with a bottoming steam power plant is not convenient. In detail, the partial heating cycle is the layout chosen for this study according to the interesting trade-off between heat recovery and cycle efficiency, with a limited number of components. Considering the investigated range of power production, single-stage radial turbomachines are selected and their efficiency values are not fixed at first glance but result from actual size and running conditions, based on flow rates, enthalpy variations as well as rotational speeds. Focusing on a number of cases, interesting considerations about the size of the components of the supercritical CO2 power cycle are possible thanks to the theory of similitude.
Integrated ORC-SOEC system for green hydrogen production from incineration of solid fuels
Authors: Rosati G , Baiguini M , Di Marcoberardino G , Invernizzi C M , Iora P G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the present paper, green hydrogen production from biomass and municipal solid waste is evaluated, targeting circular economy and green energy transition objectives pursued through waste-to-energy valorisation. In particular, the study consists in designing and modelling a hydrogen production system that integrates a solid oxide electrolyser (SOEC) and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) powered by the combustion of biomass or municipal solid waste (MSW). The resulting efficiency, corresponding to 100.70 kg/h of hydrogen production in the optimal scenario, varies between 15.44% and 22.70% depending on operating conditions considered. Although on the one hand, this efficiency is far from the cold gas efficiency of an alternative gasification process, on the other, incineration shows a larger processing capacity and fewer restrictions in the waste categorization. Moreover, unlike traditional gasification treatments, the proposed concept can yield three outputs, namely pure hydrogen, electricity, and heat, allowing greater flexibility according to the end users’ requests and achieving a cogeneration efficiency greater than 80% in every operating mode. Furthermore, some fairly simple preliminary treatments, aiming to reduce biomass or MSW water content, can increase the green hydrogen production rate.
Techno-economic assessment of small-scale solar tower plants with modular billboard receivers and innovative power cycles
Authors: Morosini Ettore , Gentile Giancarlo , Binotti Marco , Manzolini Giampaolo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This work investigates performances and costs of various configurations of 5 MWel solar tower CSP plants, located in Sicily. The design of the plants aims at comparing two solar towers concepts (i.e., a single tower and modular towers), both adopting billboard receivers. A sensitivity on various heat transfer fluids (i.e., solar salt and sodium), storage fluids (solar salt and NaCl-MgCl2) and power block technologies (i.e., steam Rankine and sCO2 cycles) is also proposed. For each investigated plant configuration, tailored numerical models are presented to assess the performances of each plant subsystem (e.g., solar field, receiver, piping system, power cycle). The results show very competitive LCOE (between 160 and 180 $/MWhel), achievable with satisfactory capacity factors (around 55%), while suggesting good profitability levels for such investments in small scale CSP plants.
Understanding the near and post-stall behavior of wind turbine blade airfoils through multi-fidelity CFD simulations: the case of S809 airfoil
Authors: Innocenti G , Giaccherini S , Pinelli L , Bianchini A , Arnone A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For many years, wind turbine blade experts have based their designs on airfoil polars obtained with panel methods. These are quick to be set and sufficiently robust. On the other hand, their accuracy intrinsically decreases after stall, where simple post-stall extrapolation functions are introduced. Also, the complex shapes of wind turbine blade airfoils, especially the thick ones for use near the hub, introduce challenging simulation requirements at low Reynolds (Re) numbers. Both these issues are now coming at hand in many modern wind energy applications, like for example in stall-controlled small turbines or in utility-scale rotors experiencing extreme loading in parked conditions. Overall, it is acknowledged that higher-accuracy airfoil polars are needed to keep the reliability of engineering design methods high. The present study aims at numerically investigating the potential impact of high-fidelity, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques in predicting the near and post-stall behavior of a typical wind turbine blade airfoil in comparison to both state-of-the-art panel methods and RANS CFD approaches. To this end, the ubiquitous S809 test case has been selected, as it is known to be particularly challenging and for which experimental data have been available from the literature. More specifically, an extended analysis has been first carried out using a RANS approach (both steady and unsteady) to assess the sensitivity on the main simulation settings, with particular focus on turbulence closure. Then, a few high-fidelity simulations based on both the traditional DDES and the innovative LBM approaches have been performed to investigate the rate of improvement in modeling the underlying physics when the airfoil operates in the post-stall regime. Finally, a critical analysis of the different approaches is carried out and the prospects for wind energy applications are discussed.
Performance analysis of a bio-diesel fired engine bottoming with micro-ORC
Authors: Falbo Luigi , Bova Sergio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to investigate the performance in terms of electric power and electric efficiency of a 11kW bio-diesel internal combustion engine (ICE) coupled with a micro Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) both in design and off-design conditions. A zero dimensional (0D) thermodynamical engine model has been developed to predict the electric and thermal power with 100% biodiesel fuel (B100). B100 has been selected for the performance analysis of the integrated system due its lower environmental impact. For the ORC system, a subcritical thermodynamic model has been used with various working fluid (R245fa, R1233zd(E), R134a, R1234ze(E) and R1234ze(Z)). A plate heat exchanger (PHEX) has been adopted as evaporator of the organic cycle to directly recover the thermal power of the exhaust gas. Both models have been validated using experimental data from literature. Two different expander configurations, dynamic and volumetric, has been investigated. Model validations show good agreement with the experimental and literature data, respectively. Moreover, the results highlight that the micro-ORC could achieve a maximum electric efficiency of about 7% at full load with R1234ze(Z). Although at part load the dynamic expander show better performance, the volumetric expander has been selected for the system analysis due to its real suitability for small and micro scale ORC. Combined system results show a maximum enhancement of engine efficiency of about 5%, and better results, in terms of good compromise between electric efficiency and operating range width, has been shown for R1233zd(E). Furthermore, the direct coupling of the PHEX with the exhaust gases allows to have heat exchange evaporator areas below 2 m2 for all analysed fluids.
Liquid film formation: prediction accuracy of different numerical approaches
Authors: Agati Giuliano , Evangelisti Adriano , Gabriele Serena , Rispoli Franco , Venturini Paolo , Borello Domenico 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In counteracting fouling phenomenon in gas turbines, which leads to system inefficiencies and performance degradation, water washing technique is very often adopted. Water droplets sprays are injected and, hitting the solid surfaces, remove the dirt deposition. Among the collateral undesirable phenomena related to water washing, blades erosion and liquid film formation are the most remarkable. Despite the former issue was extensively assessed by the authors in previous works, up to the authors’ knowledge the risk of liquid film formation due to water washing was scarcely investigated. Liquid film formation and spreading on a solid surface is a complex phenomenon involving a large number of physical events, such as: droplets impact on a solid surface, splashing phenomena, liquid film dragging under the effect of the carrier phase and droplets separation from the film in proximity of geometry discontinuities. In this paper, an extensively used experimental test case involving all these phenomena was used to test different numerical wall film models available in literature. The test case consists in the injection of a liquid jet in a high velocity crossflow. Some of the liquid jet mass impacts on the opposite solid surface generating a wall film which develops under the dragging effect of the crossflow. A Lagrangian approach was used to track the suspended droplets within the flow field by also considering the turbulent dispersion by means of a Random Walk model. Droplets-wall interaction is considered according to the Stanton-Rutland model, which provides the outcome of a collision (deposit, rebound or splashing), depending on the local impact conditions. If a droplet sticks on a solid boundary, a liquid film generates. Droplets atomization is also accounted for by using the Madabhushi model while Friederich separation model was selected to take into account the detachment of droplets from the film at the geometry edge. Three different numerical simulations have been performed based on different approaches used to solve the liquid film evolution, namely Eulerian one-way coupling, Eulerian two-way coupling and Lagrangian two-way coupling. Numerical results have been compared with the experimental ones from both a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. The wall film shape, its spatial distribution and the variation of the film thickness of the wall centreline have been compared between experimental and numerical simulations proving that the Lagrangian 2-way coupling approach better reproduces the liquid film dynamics observed in the experiments.
Implementation of Lora for Controlling and Monitoring Broiler Cage Temperature
Authors: Madona E. , Yulastri  , Nasution A. , Prayogi  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A system for controlling the temperature of broilers cages has been made with LoRa data communication. The purpose of this research is to make a prototype of a control system for monitoring and controlling the temperature of broiler controlled by a microcontroller with LoRa communication. The results of measuring system performance are indicated by the DHT11 sensor reading error occurs when the temperature is 36,37 °C and 38 °C by 1.03%. The device that can connect to LoRa is 320 m in Line of Sight (LOS) conditions and 52 m in Non Line of Sight (NLOS) conditions. Overall the tool can function well. Suggestions for further research, an Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring system can be added using a mobile application.
Energy Conservation and Energy Audit as an Energy Saving Effort at MSTP UNDIP (case study of MSTP Undip Jepara)
Authors: Denis  , Sinuraya E W , Sudjadi  , Utsman F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Conservation and energy saving audits on the consumer side are carried out to reduce the rate of energy use so that energy is not wasted. The MSTP Undip Jepara building was chosen as the object of the audit due to the absence of an energy audit report as a form of energy saving plan. Energy audits are carried out using the energy consumption intensity method to determine the efficiency level of the building based on the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 13 of 2012 and the significant energy users method to determine the distribution of energy consumption on installed equipment so that energy saving opportunities can be saved. Based on the calculation results, the MSTP Building is in the category of efficient energy consumption with the energy consumption intensity of air-conditioned and non air-conditioned buildings in 2021 with value 9.0 kWh/m2/month and 4.9 kWh/m2/month. Energy saving opportunities savings in the no/low cost category, the resulting savings are Rp. 31,963,190, medium cost Rp. 18,490,311, and high cost Rp. 582,503. Savings include setting air-conditioned temperature, reducing air-conditioned operating hours, replacing TL Neon and Spiral lamps with LEDs, as well as replacing conventional PCs with All-in-one PCs
Design optimization analysis on the performance of BLDC motors on electric bicycles
Authors: Arifin Z. , Adiyasa I W , Rasid M A Hizami 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Optimal design results in maximum motor performance. This type of BLDC motor has undergone design innovations such as surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) with variants such as: radial magnet, rectangular magnet, and bread-loaf. The position of the outer rotor is a motor design that is commonly applied to electric bicycles. The position of the magnet attached to the side of the electric motor body allows for superior torque performance. In this paper, we present an analysis of the BLDC motor on an electric bicycle that has been implemented. The motor used uses the outer rotor SPM geometry with a power of 500W. Parameter changes made are slot depth, tooth width, and comparing the basic design with the Halbach array design using 2 and 3 magnets. Changes in these parameters have an impact on power, torque, speed, and efficiency.
Decision Support System of Salt Points Grouping Using K-Means Method
Authors: Kustiyahningsih Y , Rahmanita E , Rochman E M S , Imamah  , Amalina A , Sobri M H A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMadura Island is known as Salt Island. Madura has always been one of the major contributors to the national salt production. However, the resulting salt production has not been able to meet the needs of national salt and salt for public consumption. There are 4 salt producing districts in Madura, namely Sampang, Bangkalan, Sumenep and Pamekasan. There are several factors that affect the low productivity of salt, including weather and climate, undeveloped technology, inadequate means and infrastructure for smallholder salt production, and marketing of people’s salt is still on a local scale. The purpose of this study is to create and design a decision support system application for grouping salt ponds to increase the productivity and economy of the Madurese community, especially salt farmers in Sampang and Bangkalan districts. The method used for grouping salt ponds is the K-Means Clustering method. This method can divide or partition salt pond data into several clusters according to the characteristics of each data. The grouping of salt ponds is based on several criteria data, namely land area, land status, labor, capital, production, profit, education, and experience of salt farmers. The results of this study resulted in 3 clusters for salt ponds with high productivity (C1) of 46%, medium productivity (C2) of 31% and low productivity (C3) of 23%.
Classification of Corn Diseases using Random Forest, Neural Network, and Naive Bayes Methods
Authors: Ubaidillah A , Rochman E M S , Fatah D A , Rachmad A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Corn is one of the staple foods consumed by many people after rice plants, especially in Indonesia. High consumer demand requires corn production in large quantities to meet these needs. However, corn production is not always in large quantities due to several factors, namely diseases in corn plants. Unhealthy corn plants can reduce the amount of production. Healthy and unhealthy corn plants can be identified manually, but this method is not efficient, so in this study, it is proposed to classify corn diseases using the Random Forest, Neural Network, and Nave Bayes methods. The dataset used is a collection of corn leaf images taken from farmers’ fields in the Madura Region with four target classes, namely healthy, gray leaf spot, blight, and common rust. Based on the test results, the classification using the Neural Network method provides a better accuracy value than the other two methods in classifying corn leaf datasets, namely the AUC value reaches 90.09%, classification accuracy is 74.44%, f1 score is 72.01%, precision is 74.14% and recall by 74.43%.
Salt Commodity Data Clustering Using Fuzzy C-Means
Authors: Fuad M. , Rochman E. M. S. , Rachmad A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Indonesia has a sea area of about 96,079.15 km2 rich in natural resources. The advantage is in the form of abundant natural resources in the sea including fish and salt. Several regions such as Cirebon, Indramayu, Rembang, and Madura contribute to the salt pond commodity which is extremely valuable for Indonesia. These resources need to be monitored and inventoried appropriately. Local people are difficult and increasingly cornered to compete in the salt trade. For the strategic commodity group, by maintaining the stability of the salt commodity in the community with its irreplaceable function, the salt trade system is regulated. The purpose of this research is to use the Fuzzy C-Means Clustering method for grouping national salt commodities. This study used a test with 10 clusters for the distribution of training and testing data purposes. The research trials were carried out using the mean imputation method and grouping using the Fuzzy C-Means Clustering method. The test results of the Fuzzy C-Means Clustering method using the Silhouette Coefficient method show that the Fuzzy C-Means Clustering method with the calculation of the closest distance using Manhattan Distance is the best choice in research with the results obtained in the Silhouette Coefficient assessment is at a value of 0.274880 with a value of k = 2.
Quality Control (QC) of FBK preproduction 3D Si sensors for ATLAS HL-LHC Upgrades
Authors: Sultan D M S , Abdulla Samy M.A. , Ye J.X. , Boscardin M. , Ficorella F. , Ronchin S. , Dalla Betta G.-F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The challenging demands of the ATLAS High Luminosity (HL-LHC) Upgrade aim for a complete swap of new generation sensors that should cope with the ultimate radiation hardness. FBK has been one of the prime foundries to develop and fabricate such radiation-hard 3D silicon (Si) sensors. These sensors are chosen to be deployed into the innermost layer of the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk). Recently, a pre-production batch of 3D Si sensors of 50 × 50 μm2 pixel geometry, compatible with the full-size ITKPix (RD53B) readout chip, was fabricated. Two wafers holding temporary metal were diced at IZM, Germany, and a systematic QC test campaign was carried out at the University of Trento electronics laboratory. The paper briefly describes the 3D Si sensor design for ATLAS ITk and the required QC characterization setups. It comprises electrical tests (i.e., I-V, C-V, and I-T) of non-irradiated RD53B sensors. In addition, the study of several parametric analyses, i.e., oxide charge density, oxide thickness, inter-pixel resistance, inter-pixel capacitance, etc., are reported with the aid of Process Control Monitor (PCM) structures.