bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Recycled Precipitation at Different Spatio‐Temporal Scales Over India: An Eulerian Water Tagging Approach
Authors: Navale Ashish , Karthikeyan L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLand evapotranspiration has a notable impact on the continental precipitation of India during monsoons. Given the heterogeneous land use and climate, India hosts many transition zones, which are hotspots for land‐atmosphere interactions. This work aims to study the soil moisture‐precipitation feedbacks over India by quantifying recycled precipitation using the Eulerian water vapor‐tagging technique incorporated in the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Eulerian vapor tagging techniques provide the most accurate information on recycled precipitation. We tracked the vapor originating at two spatial scales—entire India and six homogeneous monsoon regions. The latter analysis is conducted to assess inter‐regional vapor exchanges. In this process, we determined the seasonal, monthly, and diurnal variations of recycling ratio and assessed its behavior during active and monsoon break periods. We considered three contrasting monsoon seasons (surplus, normal, and deficit rainfall years) for analysis. Results show a high recycling ratio in Central India, Gangetic plain, and Northeast India. Recycling ratio increases with monsoon progression and peaks in September (∼0.30). The Himalaya and transient low‐pressure systems originating from the Bay of Bengal are vital for precipitation recycling in India. The contrasting monsoons exhibit changes in recycling ratio only at monthly scale. Regional analysis indicates West Central India is the most significant vapor contributor, while Northeast India is the highest recipient of recycled precipitation. High recycling (∼20%) shifts from central India during the active period to the foothills of Himalaya during the break period. Diurnal scale analysis reveals high afternoon recycling due to enhanced convective activity.
Sediment Dynamics and Bed Stability in Step‐Pool Streams: Insights From 18 Years of Field Observations
Authors: Hassan Marwan A. , Saletti Matteo , McDowell Conor , Li Wenqi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStep‐pools are a common morphology in gravel‐bed streams with gradients between 3% and 30%, where coarse sediment and wood are present. Recent experimental work has offered insight on the formation of step‐pools, flow resistance, and interactions between sediment transport and channel morphology. However, field observations are sparse and often limited by short observation periods. Using an extensive 18‐year data set, we examine controls on sediment mobility, step stability, and sediment storage in East Creek, a step‐pool reach in British Columbia. Event bedload yield correlated with peak flow and ranged over two orders of magnitude. For most events, bedload grain‐size was finer than the grain size distribution of the sediment found in pools. Fractional sediment mobility was independent of the flow magnitude and controlled by sediment supply. The large stones that comprise the steps were generally mobile during large events (>10‐year recurrence interval), although the largest ones were not. Despite the movement of large stones, the skeleton of the steps remained in place even during an event with a near 125‐year recurrence interval. Temporal trends in sediment storage in pools show that most events cause negligible changes in sediment storage. Our field observations indicate that the step‐pool morphology of East Creek is stable, as the morphology and shape of the steps persisted under a wide range of flows. The overall stability of the reach is confirmed by observed trends in bedload yield and particle mobility.
A Framework for Estimating the Probability Distribution of Event Runoff Coefficient in Ungauged Catchments
Authors: Zheng Yanchen , Coxon Gemma , Woods Ross , Li Jianzhu , Feng Ping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe derived distribution method is a promising approach for flood estimation in ungauged catchments. In this approach, event runoff coefficient (ERC) is often adopted to behave as the runoff generation component since the behavior of ERC is closely related to flood generation mechanisms and its distribution reflects catchment climatological and landscape characteristics. However, there is a lack of understanding of how to transfer the information on ERC characteristics from gauged to ungauged catchments at catchment scale. Hence, here, we propose a generalized framework to estimate the probability distribution of ERC for ungauged catchments based on knowledge of the spatial and temporal controls on ERC from gauged catchments. Key components of the framework include cluster analysis based on ERC characteristics, linking clusters with catchment attributes, and constructing typical probability distribution of ERC conditioned on its temporal indicators. A total of 290,743 rainfall‐runoff events observed in 431 GB catchments during the period 1990–2014 have been employed to verify the framework. Good estimations are obtained with the median value of coefficient of determination (R2) reaching 0.85 across all test catchments. The results indicate that similar pre‐event catchment conditions may cause distinct runoff response in different catchments, thus predicting the correct spatial cluster is crucial to the estimation accuracy. This work sheds light on constructing a stochastic generator model of ERC according to its spatial pattern and temporal dynamic, facilitating a new alternative for flood estimation method in ungauged catchments.
Planarized THz quantum cascade lasers for broadband coherent photonics
Authors: Senica Urban , Forrer Andres , Olariu Tudor , Micheletti Paolo , Cibella Sara , Torrioli Guido , Beck Mattias , Faist Jérôme , Scalari Giacomo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently, there has been a growing interest in integrated THz photonics for various applications in communications, spectroscopy and sensing. We present a new integrated photonic platform based on active and passive elements integrated in a double-metal, high-confinement waveguide layout planarized with a low-loss polymer. An extended top metallization keeps waveguide losses low while improving dispersion, thermal and RF properties, as it enables to decouple the design of THz and microwave cavities. Free-running on-chip quantum cascade laser combs spanning 800 GHz, harmonic states with over 1.1 THz bandwidth and RF-injected broadband incoherent states spanning over nearly 1.6 THz are observed using a homogeneous quantum-cascade active core. With a strong external RF drive, actively mode-locked pulses as short as 4.4 ps can be produced, as measured by SWIFTS. We demonstrate as well passive waveguides with low insertion loss, enabling the tuning of the laser cavity boundary conditions and the co-integration of active and passive elements on the same THz photonic chip.
Placebo and nocebo effects: from observation to harnessing and clinical application
Authors: Tu Yiheng , Zhang Libo , Kong Jian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlacebo and nocebo effects are salubrious benefits and negative outcomes attributable to non-specific symbolic components. Leveraging advanced experimental and analytical approaches, recent studies have elucidated complicated neural mechanisms that may serve as a solid basis for harnessing the powerful self-healing and self-harming capacities and applying these findings to improve medical practice and minimize the unintended exacerbation of symptoms in medical practice. We review advances in employing psychosocial, pharmacological, and neuromodulation approaches to modulate/harness placebo and nocebo effects. While these approaches show promising potential, translating these research findings into clinical settings still requires careful methodological, technical, and ethical considerations.
ALKBH5 promotes PD-L1-mediated immune escape through m6A modification of ZDHHC3 in glioma
Authors: Tang Wenhui , Xu Ningbo , Zhou Jian , He Zhenyan , Lenahan Cameron , Wang Chenyang , Ji Huangyi , Liu Boyang , Zou Yujiao , Zeng Huijun , Guo Hongbo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractN6-methylation of adenosine (m6A) is one of the most frequent chemical modifications in eukaryotic RNAs and plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and progression. Recently, emerging studies have shown that m6A modification by ALKBH5 was associated with immunotherapy response in various types of cancer. However, whether m6A demethylases ALKBH5 participate in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment and the efficacy of immunotherapy in glioblastoma remain unknown. Here, we found that deletion of ALKBH5 significantly inhibited the growth of glioma allografts, rescued the antitumoral immune response, and increased cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines in CSF while significantly suppressing PD-L1 protein expression. m6A-methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing identify ZDDHC3 as the direct target of ALKBH5. Mechanically, ALKBH5 deficiency impairs the YTHDF2-mediated stability of ZDHHC3 mRNA, thereby suppressing PD-L1 expression by accelerating PD-L1 degradation in glioma. In addition, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of ALKBH5 with IOX1 enhances the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment in preclinical mice models. These data suggest that the combination of anti-PD-1 therapy and ALKBH5 inhibition may be a promising treatment strategy in glioma.
Predicting recombination frequency from map distance
Authors: Kivikoski Mikko , Rastas Pasi , Löytynoja Ari , Merilä Juha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMap distance is one of the key measures in genetics and indicates the expected number of crossovers between two loci. Map distance is estimated from the observed recombination frequency using mapping functions, the most widely used of those, Haldane and Kosambi, being developed at the time when the number of markers was low and unobserved crossovers had a substantial effect on the recombination fractions. In contemporary high-density marker data, the probability of multiple crossovers between adjacent loci is negligible and different mapping functions yield the same result, that is, the recombination frequency between adjacent loci is equal to the map distance in Morgans. However, high-density linkage maps contain an interpretation problem: the map distance over a long interval is additive and its association with recombination frequency is not defined. Here, we demonstrate with high-density linkage maps from humans and stickleback fishes that the inverses of Haldane’s and Kosambi’s mapping functions systematically underpredict recombination frequencies from map distance. To remedy this, we formulate a piecewise function that yields more accurate predictions of recombination frequency from map distance. Our results demonstrate that the association between map distance and recombination frequency is context-dependent and without a universal solution.
Regulatory basis for reproductive flexibility in a meningitis-causing fungal pathogen
Authors: Hu Pengjie , Ding Hao , Liu Huimin , Yang Yulin , Chen Lei , He Guang-Jun , Ke Weixin , Zhu Ping , Tian Xiuyun , Peng Yan , Shen Zhenghao , Yao Xiaoxia , Tao Changyu , Yang Ence , Liao Guojian , Liu Xiao , Wang Linqi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPathogenic fungi of the genusCryptococcuscan undergo two sexual cycles, involving either bisexual diploidization (after fusion of haploid cells of different mating type) or unisexual diploidization (by autodiploidization of a single cell). Here, we construct a gene-deletion library for 111 transcription factor genes inCryptococcus deneoformans, and explore the roles of these regulatory networks in the two reproductive modes. We show that transcription factors crucial for bisexual syngamy induce the expression of known mating determinants as well as other conserved genes of unknown function. Deletion of one of these genes, which we termFMP1, leads to defects in bisexual reproduction inC. deneoformans, its sister speciesCryptococcus neoformans, and the ascomyceteNeurospora crassa. Furthermore, we show that a recently evolved regulatory cascade mediates pre-meiotic unisexual autodiploidization, supporting that this reproductive process is a recent evolutionary innovation. Our findings indicate that genetic circuits with different evolutionary ages govern hallmark events distinguishing unisexual and bisexual reproduction inCryptococcus.
Molecular polariton electroabsorption
Authors: Cheng Chiao-Yu , Krainova Nina , Brigeman Alyssa N. , Khanna Ajay , Shedge Sapana , Isborn Christine , Yuen-Zhou Joel , Giebink Noel C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe investigate electroabsorption (EA) in organic semiconductor microcavities to understand whether strong light-matter coupling non-trivially alters their nonlinear optical [$${\chi }^{(3)}\left(\omega,{{{{\mathrm{0,0}}}}}\right)$$

χ

(

3

)

ω
,
0, 0

] response. Focusing on strongly-absorbing squaraine (SQ) molecules dispersed in a wide-gap host matrix, we find that classical transfer matrix modeling accurately captures the EA response of low concentration SQ microcavities with a vacuum Rabi splitting of $$\hslash \Omega \approx 200$$
ℏ
Ω
≈
200
meV, but fails for high concentration cavities with $$\hslash \Omega \approx 420$$
ℏ
Ω
≈
420
meV. Rather than new physics in the ultrastrong coupling regime, however, we attribute the discrepancy at high SQ concentration to a nearly dark H-aggregate state below the SQ exciton transition, which goes undetected in the optical constant dispersion on which the transfer matrix model is based, but nonetheless interacts with and enhances the EA response of the lower polariton mode. These results indicate that strong coupling can be used to manipulate EA (and presumably other optical nonlinearities) from organic microcavities by controlling the energy of polariton modes relative to other states in the system, but it does not alter the intrinsic optical nonlinearity of the organic semiconductor inside the cavity.
A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies WDFY3 as a regulator of macrophage efferocytosis
Authors: Shi Jianting , Wu Xun , Wang Ziyi , Li Fang , Meng Yujiao , Moore Rebecca M. , Cui Jian , Xue Chenyi , Croce Katherine R. , Yurdagul Arif , Doench John G. , Li Wei , Zarbalis Konstantinos S. , Tabas Ira , Yamamoto Ai , Zhang Hanrui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhagocytic clearance of dying cells, termed efferocytosis, is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet our understanding of efferocytosis regulation remains incomplete. Here we perform a FACS-based, genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in primary mouse macrophages to search for novel regulators of efferocytosis. The results show thatWdfy3knockout in macrophages specifically impairs uptake, but not binding, of apoptotic cells due to defective actin disassembly. Additionally, WDFY3 interacts with GABARAP, thus facilitating LC3 lipidation and subsequent lysosomal acidification to permit the degradation of apoptotic cell components. Mechanistically, while the C-terminus of WDFY3 is sufficient to rescue the impaired degradation induced byWdfy3knockout, full-length WDFY3 is required to reconstitute the uptake of apoptotic cells. Finally, WDFY3 is also required for efficient efferocytosis in vivo in mice and in vitro in primary human macrophages. This work thus expands our knowledge of the mechanisms of macrophage efferocytosis, as well as supports genome-wide CRISPR screen as a platform for interrogating complex functional phenotypes in primary macrophages.
Highly active and stable OER electrocatalysts derived from Sr2MIrO6 for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers
Authors: Retuerto María , Pascual Laura , Torrero Jorge , Salam Mohamed Abdel , Tolosana-Moranchel Álvaro , Gianolio Diego , Ferrer Pilar , Kayser Paula , Wilke Vincent , Stiber Svenja , Celorrio Verónica , Mokthar Mohamed , Sanchez Daniel García , Gago Aldo Saul , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas , Peña Miguel Antonio , Alonso José Antonio , Rojas Sergio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProton exchange membrane water electrolysis is a promising technology to produce green hydrogen from renewables, as it can efficiently achieve high current densities. Lowering iridium amount in oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts is critical for achieving cost-effective production of green hydrogen. In this work, we develop catalysts from Ir double perovskites. Sr2CaIrO6 achieves 10 mA cm−2 at only 1.48 V. The surface of the perovskite reconstructs when immersed in an acidic electrolyte and during the first catalytic cycles, resulting in a stable surface conformed by short-range order edge-sharing IrO6 octahedra arranged in an open structure responsible for the high performance. A proton exchange membrane water electrolysis cell is developed with Sr2CaIrO6 as anode and low Ir loading (0.4 mgIr cm−2). The cell achieves 2.40 V at 6 A cm−2 (overload) and no loss in performance at a constant 2 A cm−2 (nominal load). Thus, reducing Ir use without compromising efficiency and lifetime.
Guest-adaptive molecular sensing in a dynamic 3D covalent organic framework
Authors: Wei Lei , Sun Tu , Shi Zhaolin , Xu Zezhao , Wen Wen , Jiang Shan , Zhao Yingbo , Ma Yanhang , Zhang Yue-Biao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMolecular recognition is an attractive approach to designing sensitive and selective sensors for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although organic macrocycles and cages have been well-developed for recognising organics by their adaptive pockets in liquids, porous solids for gas detection require a deliberate design balancing adaptability and robustness. Here we report a dynamic 3D covalent organic framework (dynaCOF) constructed from an environmentally sensitive fluorophore that can undergo concerted and adaptive structural transitions upon adsorption of gas and vapours. The COF is capable of rapid and reliable detection of various VOCs, even for non-polar hydrocarbon gas under humid conditions. The adaptive guest inclusion amplifies the host-guest interactions and facilitates the differentiation of organic vapours by their polarity and sizes/shapes, and the covalently linked 3D interwoven networks ensure the robustness and coherency of the materials. The present result paves the way for multiplex fluorescence sensing of various VOCs with molecular-specific responses.
Inflammatory microbes and genes as potential biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Nie Shiqing , Wang Jichen , Deng Ye , Ye Zheng , Ge Yuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs the second-largest neurodegenerative disease in the world, Parkinson’s disease (PD) has brought a severe economic and medical burden to our society. Growing evidence in recent years suggests that the gut microbiome may influence PD, but the exact pathogenesis of PD remains unclear. In addition, the current diagnosis of PD could be inaccurate and expensive. In this study, the largest meta-analysis currently of the gut microbiome in PD was analyzed, including 2269 samples by 16S rRNA gene and 236 samples by shotgun metagenomics, aiming to reveal the connection between PD and gut microbiome and establish a model to predict PD. The results showed that the relative abundances of potential pro-inflammatory bacteria, genes and pathways were significantly increased in PD, while potential anti-inflammatory bacteria, genes and pathways were significantly decreased. These changes may lead to a decrease in potential anti-inflammatory substances (short-chain fatty acids) and an increase in potential pro-inflammatory substances (lipopolysaccharides, hydrogen sulfide and glutamate). Notably, the results of 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic analysis have consistently identified five decreased genera (Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Lachnospira, and Prevotella) and five increased genera (Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Desulfovibrio) in PD. Furthermore, random forest models performed well for PD prediction based on 11 genera (accuracy > 80%) or 6 genes (accuracy > 90%) related to inflammation. Finally, a possible mechanism was presented to explain the pathogenesis of inflammation leading to PD. Our results provided further insights into the prediction and treatment of PD based on inflammation.
Alpha transcranial alternating current stimulation reduces depressive symptoms in people with schizophrenia and auditory hallucinations: a double-blind, randomized pilot clinical trial
Authors: Zhang Mengsen , Force Rachel B. , Walker Christopher , Ahn Sangtae , Jarskog L. Fredrik , Frohlich Flavio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPeople with schizophrenia exhibit reduced alpha oscillations and frontotemporal coordination of brain activity. Alpha oscillations are associated with top-down inhibition. Reduced alpha oscillations may fail to censor spurious endogenous activity, leading to auditory hallucinations. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at the alpha frequency was shown to enhance alpha oscillations in people with schizophrenia and may thus be a network-based treatment for auditory hallucinations. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial to examine the efficacy of 10-Hz tACS in treating auditory hallucinations in people with schizophrenia. 10-Hz tACS was administered in phase at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the temporoparietal junction with a return current at Cz. Patients were randomized to receive tACS or sham for five consecutive days during the treatment week (40 min/day), followed by a maintenance period, during which participants received weekly tACS (40 min/visit) or sham. tACS treatment reduced general psychopathology (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = −0.690), especially depression (p < 0.005, Cohen’s d = −0.806), but not auditory hallucinations. tACS treatment increased alpha power in the target region (p < 0.05), increased the frequency of peak global functional connectivity towards 10 Hz (p < 0.05), and reduced left-right frontal functional connectivity (p < 0.005). Importantly, changes in brain functional connectivity significantly correlated with symptom improvement (p < 0.05). Daily 10 Hz-tACS increased alpha power and altered alpha-band functional connectivity. Successful target engagement reduced depression and other general psychopathology symptoms, but not auditory hallucinations. Considering existing research of 10Hz tACS as a treatment for major depressive disorder, our study demonstrates its transdiagnostic potential for treating depression.
CloudSEN12, a global dataset for semantic understanding of cloud and cloud shadow in Sentinel-2
Authors: Aybar Cesar , Ysuhuaylas Luis , Loja Jhomira , Gonzales Karen , Herrera Fernando , Bautista Lesly , Yali Roy , Flores Angie , Diaz Lissette , Cuenca Nicole , Espinoza Wendy , Prudencio Fernando , Llactayo Valeria , Montero David , Sudmanns Martin , Tiede Dirk , Mateo-García Gonzalo , Gómez-Chova Luis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccurately characterizing clouds and their shadows is a long-standing problem in the Earth Observation community. Recent works showcase the necessity to improve cloud detection methods for imagery acquired by the Sentinel-2 satellites. However, the lack of consensus and transparency in existing reference datasets hampers the benchmarking of current cloud detection methods. Exploiting the analysis-ready data offered by the Copernicus program, we created CloudSEN12, a new multi-temporal global dataset to foster research in cloud and cloud shadow detection. CloudSEN12 has 49,400 image patches, including (1) Sentinel-2 level-1C and level-2A multi-spectral data, (2) Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar data, (3) auxiliary remote sensing products, (4) different hand-crafted annotations to label the presence of thick and thin clouds and cloud shadows, and (5) the results from eight state-of-the-art cloud detection algorithms. At present, CloudSEN12 exceeds all previous efforts in terms of annotation richness, scene variability, geographic distribution, metadata complexity, quality control, and number of samples.