bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frenchman Mountain Dolostone: A new formation of the Cambrian Tonto Group, Grand Canyon and Basin and Range, USA
Authors: Rowland Stephen M. , Korolev Slava , Hagadorn James W. , Ghosh Kaushik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe describe, interpret, and establish a stratotype for the Frenchman Mountain Dolostone (FMD), a new Cambrian stratigraphic unit that records key global geochemical and climate signals and is well exposed throughout the Grand Canyon and central Basin and Range, USA. This flat-topped carbonate platform deposit is the uppermost unit of the Tonto Group, replacing the informally named “undifferentiated dolomites.” The unit records two global chemostratigraphic events—the Drumian Carbon Isotope Excursion (DICE), when δ13Ccarb (refers to “marine carbonate rocks”) values in the FMD dropped to −2.7‰, and the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE), when the values rose to +3.5‰. The forma tion consists of eight lithofacies deposited in shallow subtidal to peritidal paleoenvironments. At its stratotype at Frenchman Mountain, Nevada, the FMD is 371 m thick. Integration of regional trilobite biostratigraphy and geochronology with new stratigraphy and sedimentology of the FMD, together with new δ13Ccarb chemostratigraphy for the entire Cambrian succession at Frenchman Mountain, illustrates that the FMD spans ~7.2 m.y., from Miaolingian (lower Drumian, Bolaspidella Zone) to Furongian (Paibian, Dicanthopyge Zone) time. To the west, the unit correlates with most of the Banded Mountain Member of the ~1100-m-thick Bonanza King Formation. To the east, at Grand Canyon’s Palisades of the Desert, the FMD thins to 8 m due to pre–Middle Devonian erosion that cut progressively deeper cratonward. Portions of the FMD display visually striking, meterscale couplets of alternating dark- and light-colored peritidal facies, while other portions consist of thick intervals of a single peritidal or shallow subtidal facies. Statistical analysis of the succession of strata in the stratotype section, involving Markov order and runs order analyses, yields no evidence of cyclicity or other forms of order. Autocyclic processes provide the simplest mechanism to have generated the succession of facies observed in the FMD.
Late Triassic tectonic stress field of the southwestern Ordos Basin and its tectonic implications: Insights from finite-element numerical simulations
Authors: Song Li-Jun , Wang Zeng-Zhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe tectonic stress field of the southwestern Ordos Basin during the Late Triassic is controversial. The major controversy is whether the southwestern Ordos Basin was a compressional basin throughout the Late Triassic or whether it transformed from an extensional into a compressional basin during this period. We divided the Late Triassic into the early to middle and late to terminal periods. Two paleotectonic stress field simulation models of the southwestern Ordos Basin were constructed using finite-element software (ANSYS 10). Our results showed high consistency with regional geologic correlations, suggesting the credibility of the models. We found that the southwestern Ordos Basin was dominated by NE-SW extensional stress and strain during the early to middle Late Triassic, associated with strike-slip faulting along the western margin of the Ordos block. This is consistent with the development of syndepositional normal faults and was probably induced by the scissor collision from east to west between the North China craton and Yangtze block. The tectonic stress field of the southwestern Ordos Basin during the late to terminal Late Triassic mainly manifested as NE-SW compressive stress and strain. The dominant tectonic dynamics for the Ordos block during this period may have changed to northward compression of the Songpan-Ganzi and Qiangtang terranes. The southwestern Ordos Basin was characterized by compressional deformation and northeastward migration of the depocenter. The southwestern Ordos Basin transformed from an extensional basin associated with strike-slip faulting during the early to middle Late Triassic into a compressional depression basin during the late to terminal Late Triassic.
High levels of serum C-peptide are associated with a decreased risk for incident renal progression in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Qi , Liu Yan , Peng Juan , Pan Jinting , Chen Li , Cui Jing , Yi Bin 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionC-peptide has been reported to provide renoprotective effects. This study aims to explore the relationship between C-peptide and progression of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Research design and methodsWe retrospectively collected clinical data from 854 T2DM patients over a median follow-up of 5 years. Renal events included an annual decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a rapid kidney function decline and a renal composite endpoint. A linear mixed-effects model and Cox regression analysis were used to investigate the effect of C-peptide on renal events, and a subgroup analysis was performed after stratification by risk factors.ResultsThe highest-level C-peptide group had a smaller annual eGFR decline compared with those in the group with the lowest level (p<0.05). Higher levels of 2 h postprandial C-peptide (2hPCP) (adjusted HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.92), difference between 2 h postprandial and fasting C-peptide (ΔCP) (adjusted HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.69), and 2 h postprandial C-peptide-to-glucose ratio (PCGR) (adjusted HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.82) were independently related to a decreased risk for the renal composite endpoint. 2hPCP <2.92 ng/mL, ΔCP <1.86 ng/mL, and PCGR <1.11 significantly increased the risk of progression in kidney function (adjusted HRs <0.50, p<0.05) among T2DM patients with male sex, an age of <65 years old, a disease course of <10 years, an glycosylated hemoglobin value of ≥7%, or a history of hypertension.ConclusionsHigher levels of 2hPCP, ΔCP and PCGR could protect T2DM patients from renal progression, especially in the aforementioned population with diabetes.
Development of the Demographic Dividend Effort Index, a novel tool to measure existing efforts to create a favourable environment to harness a demographic dividend: results from an experts’ survey from six sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Rusatira Jean Christophe , Cardona Carolina , Martinez-Baack Michelle , Rimon Jose G , Ahmed Saifuddin 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a tool to measure the extent of national efforts in policies, services, research and programmes implemented to cultivate and harness the benefits of a potential demographic dividend in six sub-Saharan African countries.DesignThe survey was self-administered online using the SurveyMonkey platform. The survey questionnaire covered six key sectors: family planning, maternal and child health, education, women's empowerment, labour market, and governance and economic institution. Each sector-specific questionnaire was structured around five practice domains: policymaking, services and programmes, advocacy, research and civil society. Each item was scored from 1 to 10. Factor analysis was used to select the items to be retained for final score estimation. Simple averages were computed to estimate sectoral and domain scores and overall country scores were estimated using weighted country mean scores. Internal consistency, construct validity and reliability were examined using factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha.SettingSub-Saharan Africa.ParticipantsA total of 440 knowledgeable informants from six countries; namely, Ethiopia (73), Kenya (69), Nigeria (67), Rwanda (54), Senegal (81) and Tanzania (96).ResultsBased on the results from factor analysis, 38 items were dropped from the analysis and Cronbach’s alpha results ranged from 0.84 to 0.98 across domains. The overall demographic dividend effort index (DDEI) scores ranged between 5.4 (95% CI 5.1 to 5.8) in Ethiopia to 7.7 (95% CI 7.5 to 8.0) in Rwanda. In most countries, the disaggregated scores by sector revealed low scores in the labour market and women’s empowerment.ConclusionThe DDEI scores highlight important gaps in key health and development sectors. The DDEI proved to be a reliable and internally consistent tool for effort measurement in key demographic dividend sectors. The DDEI can serve as a self-evaluation tool for local actors and may complement existing quantitative tools such as the Global Gender Gap and the Human Capital Index.
The Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Global Longitudinal (Peak) Registry: rationale and study design
Authors: Grace Rachael F , van Beers Eduard J , Vives Corrons Joan-Lluis , Glader Bertil , Glenthøj Andreas , Kanno Hitoshi , Kuo Kevin H M , Lander Carl , Layton D Mark , Pospíŝilová Dagmar , Viprakasit Vip , Li Junlong , Yan Yan , Boscoe Audra N , Bowden Chris , Bianchi Paola 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is a rare, under-recognised, hereditary condition that leads to chronic haemolytic anaemia and potentially serious secondary complications, such as iron overload, cholecystitis, pulmonary hypertension and extramedullary haematopoiesis. It is an autosomal recessive disease caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in thePKLRgene. Due to its rarity and clinical heterogeneity, information on the natural history and long-term clinical course of PK deficiency is limited, presenting major challenges to patient management, the development of new therapies and establishing disease-specific treatment recommendations. The Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Global Longitudinal (Peak) Registry is an initiative to address the gaps in the knowledge of PK deficiency. This manuscript describes the objectives, study design and methodology for the Peak Registry.Methods and analysisThe Peak Registry is an observational, longitudinal, global registry of adult and paediatric patients with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of PK deficiency. The Peak Steering Committee is composed of 11 clinicians and researchers with experience in the diagnosis and management of PK deficiency from 10 countries, a patient representative and representatives from the sponsor (Agios Pharmaceuticals). The registry objective is to foster an understanding of the longitudinal clinical implications of PK deficiency, including its natural history, treatments and outcomes, and variability in clinical care. The aim is to enrol up to 500 participants from approximately 60 study centres across 20 countries over 7 years, with between 2 and 9 years of follow-up. Data will include demographics, diagnosis history, genotyping, transfusion history, relevant clinical events, medications, emergency room visits and hospitalisations.Ethics and disseminationRegistry protocol and informed consent forms are approved by institutional review boards/independent ethics committees at each study site. The study is being conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Registry data will be published in peer-reviewed journal articles and conference publications.Trial registration numberNCT03481738.
Older patient participation in discharge medication communication: an observational study
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Manias Elizabeth , Thalib Lukman , Dornan Gemma , Teasdale Trudy , Wellwood Jeremy , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the extent to which older patients participate in discharge medication communication, and identify factors that predict patient participation in discharge medication communication.DesignObservational study.SettingAn Australian metropolitan tertiary hospital.Participants173 older patients were observed undertaking one medication communication encounter prior to hospital discharge.OutcomePatient participation measured with MEDICODE, a valid and reliable coding framework used to analyse medication communication. MEDICODE provides two measures for patient participation: (1) Preponderance of Initiative and (2) Dialogue Ratio.ResultsThe median for Preponderance of Initiative was 0.7 (IQR=0.5–1.0) and Dialogue Ratio was 0.3 (IQR=0.2–0.4), indicating healthcare professionals took more initiative and medication encounters were mostly monologue rather than a dialogue or dyad. Logistic regression revealed that patients had 30% less chance of having dialogue or dyads with every increase in one medication discussed (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.9, p=0.01). Additionally, the higher the patient’s risk of a medication-related problem, the more initiative the healthcare professionals took in the conversation (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.1, p=0.04).ConclusionOlder patients are passive during hospital discharge medication conversations. Discussing less medications over several medication conversations spread throughout patient hospitalisation and targeting patients at high risk of medication-related problems may promote more active patient participation, and in turn medication safety outcomes.
Potentiality of algorithms and artificial intelligence adoption to improve medication management in primary care: a systematic review
Authors: Damiani Gianfranco , Altamura Gerardo , Zedda Massimo , Nurchis Mario Cesare , Aulino Giovanni , Heidar Alizadeh Aurora , Cazzato Francesca , Della Morte Gabriele , Caputo Matteo , Grassi Simone , Oliva Antonio 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) and/or algorithms on drug management in primary care settings comparing AI and/or algorithms with standard clinical practice. Second, we evaluated what is the most frequently reported type of medication error and the most used AI machine type.MethodsA systematic review of literature was conducted querying PubMed, Cochrane and ISI Web of Science until November 2021. The search strategy and the study selection were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome framework. Specifically, the Population chosen was general population of all ages (ie, including paediatric patients) in primary care settings (ie, home setting, ambulatory and nursery homes); the Intervention considered was the analysis AI and/or algorithms (ie, intelligent programs or software) application in primary care for reducing medications errors, the Comparator was the general practice and, lastly, the Outcome was the reduction of preventable medication errors (eg, overprescribing, inappropriate medication, drug interaction, risk of injury, dosing errors or in an increase in adherence to therapy). The methodological quality of included studies was appraised adopting the Quality Assessment of Controlled Intervention Studies of the National Institute of Health for randomised controlled trials.ResultsStudies reported in different ways the effective reduction of medication error. Ten out of 14 included studies, corresponding to 71% of articles, reported a reduction of medication errors, supporting the hypothesis that AI is an important tool for patient safety.ConclusionThis study highlights how a proper application of AI in primary care is possible, since it provides an important tool to support the physician with drug management in non-hospital environments.
Meaning of Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) severity score bands: a cross-sectional online study in the UK
Authors: Shah Rubina , Finlay Andrew Y , Salek Sam M , Nixon Stuart J , Otwombe Kennedy , Ali Faraz M , Ingram John R 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo assign clinical meanings to the Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) scores through the development of score bands using the anchor-based approach.Design and settingA cross-sectional online study recruited participants through UK-based patient support groups, research support platforms (HealthWise Wales, Autism Research Centre-Cambridge University database, Join Dementia Research) and through social service departments in Wales.ParticipantsFamily members/partners (aged ≥18 years) of patients with different health conditions.InterventionFamily members/partners of patients completed the FROM-16 questionnaire and a Global Question (GQ).Main outcome measureVarious FROM-16 band sets were devised as a result of mapping of mean, median and mode of the GQ scores to FROM-16 total score, and receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve cut-off values. The band set with the best agreement with GQ based on weighted kappa was selected.ResultsA total of 4413 family members/partners (male=1533, 34.7%; female=2858, 64.8%; Prefer not to say=16, 0.4%; other=6, 0.14%) of people with a health condition (male=1994, 45.2%; female=2400, 54.4%; Prefer not to say=12, 0.3%; other=7, 0.16%) completed the online survey: mean FROM-16 score=15.02 (range 0–32, SD=8.08), mean GQ score=2.32 (range 0–4, SD=1.08). The proposed FROM-16 score bandings are: 0–1=no effect on the quality of life of family member; 2–8=small effect on family member; 9–16=moderate effect on family member; 17–25=very large effect on family member; 26–32=extremely large effect on family member (weighted kappa=0.60).ConclusionThe FROM-16 score descriptor bands provide new information to clinicians about interpreting scores and score changes, allowing better-informed treatment decisions for patients and their families. The score banding of FROM-16, along with a short administration time, demonstrates its potential to support holistic clinical practice.
Are there inequalities in the attendance and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions for adults in the UK? Protocol for an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis
Authors: Birch Jack M , Mueller Julia , Sharp Stephen , Logue Jennifer , Kelly Michael P , Griffin Simon J , Ahern Amy 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionIt is important to identify whether behavioural weight management interventions work well across different groups in the population so health inequalities in obesity are not widened. Previous systematic reviews of inequalities in the attendance and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions have been limited because few trials report relevant analyses and heterogeneity in the categorisation of inequality characteristics prevents meta-analysis. An individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) allows us to reanalyse all trials with available data in a uniform way. We aim to conduct an IPD meta-analysis of UK randomised controlled trials to examine whether there are inequalities in the attendance and effectiveness of behavioural weight interventions.Methods and analysisIn a recently published systematic review, we identified 17 UK-based randomised controlled trials of primary care-relevant behavioural interventions, conducted in adults living with overweight or obesity and reporting weight outcomes at baseline and 1-year follow-up. The corresponding author of each trial will be invited to contribute data to the IPD-MA. The outcomes of interest are weight at 12-months and intervention attendance (number of sessions offered vs number of sessions attended). We will primarily consider whether there is an interaction between intervention group and characteristics where inequalities occur, such as by gender/sex, socioeconomic status or age. The IPD-MA will be conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of IPD guidelines.Ethics and disseminationNo further ethical approval was required as ethical approval for each individual study was obtained by the original trial investigators from appropriate ethics committees. The completed IPD-MA will be disseminated at conferences, in a peer-reviewed journal and contribute to the lead author’s PhD thesis. Investigators of each individual study included in the final IPD-MA will be invited to collaborate on any publications that arise from the project.
Inequity and vulnerability in Latin American Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations with rheumatic diseases: a syndemic approach
Authors: Granados Ysabel , Gastelum Strozzi Alfonso , Alvarez-Nemegyei Jose , Quintana Rosana , Julian-Santiago Flor , Santos Ana M , Guevara-Pacheco Sergio , Loyola-Sanchez Adalberto , Goycochea-Robles Maria Victoria , Juarez Vicente , Garza-Elizondo Mario Alberto , Rueda Juan Camilo , Burgos-Vargas Ruben , Londoño John , Pons-Estel Bernardo A , Pelaez-Ballestas Ingris 
Published: March 2023

Syndemics are a framework that documents health inequities and vulnerabilities in populations with rheumatic diseases. Compared with other approaches, syndemics are able to conjunctly consider epidemiological, biological, sociodemographic and economic factors, and their interactions.ObjectiveTo estimate health inequity and vulnerability among Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) in Latin America using the syndemic approach.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of a previously published large-scale study on the prevalence of RMD.SettingStudies carried out in five Latin American countries (Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico and Venezuela). Health inequity and vulnerability in RMD were identified through a syndemic approach using network and cluster analysis.ParticipantsA total of 44 560 individuals were studied: 29.78% self-identified as Indigenous, 60.92% were female, the mean age was 43.25 years. Twenty clusters were identified in the Indigenous population and 17 in the non-Indigenous population.ResultsThe variables associated with RMD among Indigenous populations were rurality, public health system, high joint biomechanical stress, greater pain, disability and alcoholism; and among non-Indigenous people they were being a woman, urban origin, older age, private health system, joint biomechanical stress, greater pain and disability. We identified different health inequities among patients with RMD (ie, lower educational attainment, more comorbidities), associated with factors such as Indigenous self-identification and rural residence.ConclusionsA syndemic approach enables us to identify health inequities in RMD, as shown by higher prevalence of comorbidities, disability and socioeconomic factors like lower educational attainment. These inequities exist for the overall population of patients with RMD, although it is more evident in Indigenous groups with added layers of vulnerability.