bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Supervised Machine Learning Based Intrusion Detection with Univariate Feature Selection on NSL KDD Dataset
Authors: Walling Supongmen , Lodh Sibesh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In order to provide exceptional security in networks and secure sensitive and private data, an efficient technique for detecting intrusions is critical nowadays. Due to the rapid expansion of Internet and network technology use, which also accorded to an escalation in the number of attacks, IDS are currently of more interest to researchers. Network intrusion detection (NID) is used to identify network invasions, which is essential for assuring the security of the Internet of Things (IoT) and have become a quintessential element in nearly any security infrastructure. Lately, machine learning algorithms have been used to offer prospective IDS solutions. Intrusion detection is carried out by SVM, kNN, Decision Tree and Logistic Regression using trained attack patterns. Simulation results demonstrate the competence of the proposed detection system to recognize anomalies and sound an alarm. Additionally, feature selection should be incorporated as a preprocessing step to reduce big datasets and enhance accuracy and system performance. In this study, we present an IDS model with feature selection based on univariate selection that works in conjunction with ML based classifiers such as decision tree, SVM, kNN and logistic regression. Using the NSL-KDD data set, we exemplify how our model can outperform conventional ML classifiers in terms of detection rate, precision, recall.
Oversewing/Suturing of the Staple Line During Sleeve Gastrectomy is an Effective and Affordable Staple Line Reinforcement Method. A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Diab Abdul-Rahman Fadi , Sher Theo , Awshah Sabrina , Noom Madison , Docimo Salvatore , Sujka Joseph Adam , DuCoin Christopher Garnet 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Bleeding and leaks are the most ominous postoperative complications after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Various staple line reinforcement (SLR) techniques have been innovated as oversewing (OS)/suturing, omentopexy (OP)/gastropexy (GP), buttressing, and gluing. Currently, no high-quality evidence supports the use of one method over the other, or even supports the use of SLR over no SLR. This study aims to compare postoperative outcomes between LSG with OS versus LSG without any SLR.
Prevalence and secular trends of four causes of blindness and visual impairment in Iran (1990-2019): A comparative study based on the Global Burden of Disease project’s data
Authors: Khatami Kiana , Estedlal AliReza , Vali Mohebat , Kamalipour AliReza , Nezhad Golnoush Mahmoudi , Nejabat Mahmood , Nowroozzadeh Mohammad Hossein , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Cancer Risk Based on Sexual Orientation in the United States: A Comparative Analysis between Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and Heterosexual Individuals
Authors: Tundealao Samuel , Sajja Anusha , Titiloye Tolulope , Egab Iman , Odole Iyanuoluwa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Our study aimed to compare the prevalence and likelihood of cancer diagnosis between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) groups and the heterosexual population in the United States between 2017 and 2021.
Methods
This study analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2017–2021, which included 134,372 heterosexual and 4,576 LGB individuals aged 18 and above. The prevalence of any cancer and some selected cancers were calculated for the LGB and compared with heterosexual adults. Sexual orientation was used to predict cancer diagnosis for each sex using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for other sociodemographic determinants.
Results
The unadjusted prevalence of any cancer among the LGB population was 9.0%. Lesbian and Bisexual women had higher prevalence of cancer of the cervix, uterus, ovary, thyroid, bone, skin melanoma, leukemia, and other blood cancers than Heterosexual women. Gay and Bisexual men had a higher prevalence of cancer of the bladder, kidney, skin (non-melanoma, and other kinds), bone, lymphoma, and leukemia than Heterosexual men. After adjusting for other socio-demographic factors, gay men were 1.73 (CI: 1.14–2.63, p = 0.01) times more likely than heterosexual men to be diagnosed with cancer, while lesbian women were 2.26 (CI: 1.24–4.16, p = 0.009) times more likely to be diagnosed with cancer than heterosexual women.
Conclusion
Some sexual minority subgroups are more likely to be diagnosed with cancer than their heterosexual counterparts. As a result, more research and SM-specific intervention efforts should focus on cancer risk assessment, screening, prevention, treatment, and survivorship in SM populations.
Study on Species composition of Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Chemancheri Panchayath, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
Authors: Samynathan M. , Abhirami B. , Selvaraju Raja , Velmurugan Kalamani , Pandeeswari M. , Navaneethan M. , Shameema P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Moths are the important component of terrestrial ecosystems due to their role as food resources for birds and small mammals, night pollinators, nutrient recyclers and potential indicators. The current study will be the first report on moth species identification, population, species composition, abundance, and their status based on IUCN category of moth fauna in Chemancheri panchayath, Kozhikode, Kerala. In this study period, totally 104 specimen moths were collected from the 4 sampling sites. Out of these, 61 specimens were identified, 37 specimens are consolidated in to 11 families and 22 specimens are consolidated in to 18 species. Based on the result shows the highest number of moth species, the Erebidae family was the most dominant, representing 36 species and followed by Crambidae representing 7 species, Noctuidae and Limacodidae with 4 species each, Notodontidae representing 3 species, Dripanidae representing 2 species, Eupterotidae, Zygaenidae, Geometridae, Bombycidae, Saturnidae with 1 species each. So from this we can conclude that species in the family Erebidae and Crambidae are dominant in the sites when compared to other families. The present study was designed to find the diversity and species composition of moths existing at different trophic level in food chain for sustainable ecological process in Chemancheri panchayath, Kozhikode, Kerala.
New insights on Climate Change and Adaptation Research in Brazil
Authors: Chiquetto Julio Barboza , Nolasco Marcelo Antunes 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We present a thorough analysis of the scientific production in climate change and adaptation in Brazil. We employed a mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches to reveal and discuss how climate change research has been conducted. We compare the broader climate change research with more specific climate adaptation research in order to understand the main differences and convergence points, and how science conducted from a mitigation and adaptation perspective demonstrates potential to confront the climate change challenges and drivers in Brazil. Four main clusters of investigation within climate change were detected: 1) impacts on forest and plant development, 2) land use and ecology, 3) adaptation/governance, and 4) climate/atmospheric studies. Only about 5% of the total studies on climate change are concerned with adaptation, for which three main clusters of research were identified: 1) adaptation actions and policies; 2) urban environment, vulnerability and health and 3) food and coastal impacts. Although there are strong research trends for climate change in the Amazon Forest, there was less evidence of scientific production concerning climate adaptation for this and the other Brazilian biomes, as well as for smaller cities, rural and traditional communities or poorer regions. Our results shed a light on the more commonly chosen research topics, their strongest points and potential gaps and trends, which can contribute to the scientific communication and implementation of climate change and adaptation plans and actions in Brazil and a better understanding of the climate science knowledge from the perspective of a middle-income country.
Population genetic analysis of the wild hard-shelled mussel, Mytilus unguiculatus (Valenciennes 1858) in South Korea using a microsatellite multiplex assay
Authors: Woo Jiyoung , Heo Jung Soo , Kim Keun-Yong , Kim Keun-Sik , Hwang Hyun-Ju , Yoon Moongeun , An Hyesuck , Kang Kook Hee , Park Jeong Su , Nam Ki-Woong , Koh Insong , Tran Biet Thanh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The Korean or hard-shelled mussel, Mytilus unguiculatus, previously known as Mytilus coruscus, is one of the most economically and ecologically important bivalves in South Korea. However, the population size of this species has drastically reduced owing to overharvesting and habitat shrinkage. Because its genetic information is poorly documented, we contributed, in this study, the genetic diversity and structural analyses of 246 adult samples of M. unguiculatus from seven populations along the coastal areas of the mainland and islands of South Korea using microsatellite multiplex assay. Genetic diversity analyzed from 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci was consistently moderate (0.50–0.57) in all populations. No recent bottleneck was found, indicating that the number of the studied populations did not decrease to an extent that resulted in a reduction of genetic diversity. Additional tests did not reveal any genetic structure across them, possibly resulting from constant gene flow, strong dispersal of planktonic larvae, and genetic admixture between wild populations. These results suggest that M. unguiculatus populations along the coastal areas of South Korea should be managed as a single unit. Our study provides crucial information for future genetic monitoring, conservation management, and population restoration plan in preparation for the rapid decline in mussel resources.
Mpox emergence in Japan: risks of establishment in Asia and the global resurgence
Authors: Endo Akira , Jung Sung-mok , Miura Fuminari 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

In late January 2023, mpox cases without a travel history were frequently reported in Japan, suggesting the possibility of sustained onward growth of local cases. Compared with many of the previously affected countries, Japan is more closely connected with other Asian countries. In the current global mpox outbreak, Asia has been the least affected region so far with limited or no vaccine rollout. As a result, many countries in this region (including low- and middle-income countries) are left with a large susceptible population to mpox. If local transmission is established in these countries, the global spread of mpox may reemerge.
INVICTUS: Vitamin K antagonists remain the standard of care for rheumatic heart disease-associated atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kotit Susy 
Published: February 2023

Study and Results: The INVICTUS trial was conducted to assess efficacy and safety of once-daily rivaroxaban compared with a dose-adjusted VKA for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with RHD-associated AF. A total of 4,531 patients (age: 50.5±14.6 years) were followed for 3.1±1.2 years in which 560/2292 patients in the rivaroxaban group and 446/2273 in the VKA group had a primary-outcome adverse event. The restricted mean survival time was 1599 days in the rivaroxaban group and 1675 days in the VKA group (difference, −76 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], −121 to −31; P<0.001). A higher incidence of death occurred in the rivaroxaban group than in the VKA group (restricted mean survival time, 1608 days vs. 1680 days; difference, −72 days; 95% CI, −117 to −28). No significant between-group difference in the rate of major bleeding was noted.
Disparities in drinking water quality: evidence from California
Authors: Acquah Sarah , Allaire Maura 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Reducing disparities in drinking water quality is a state-level priority in California, yet targeting communities for assistance is hindered by the lack of empirical evidence regarding populations disproportionately affected. The study addresses this gap by analyzing drinking water quality violations and identifying the types of communities disproportionately burdened by water contaminants. Using a sample of 1,710 Community Water Systems (CWSs) and probit regression models, we analyzed the likelihood of violation as a function of low-income, minority groups, and vulnerable populations. Results indicate that environmental justice concerns are prevalent. Low-income communities and minority groups (Hispanics and non-Whites) face greater likelihood of water quality violations. Low-income communities are 1.77% more likely to have any health-related violations. Severely disadvantaged communities face greater likelihood (3.44%) of water quality violations. Tribal water systems are 2% more likely to violate the Total Coliform Rule. Children aged five and under are 3% more likely to be exposed to health-based water quality violations. Failure to address prior violations leads to greater likelihood (38.94%) of future violations, while large utility systems and purchased water sources have the propensity to reduce violations. Overall, these findings can guide policy decisions to prioritize assistance to communities disproportionately impacted by poor water quality.
Proton beam therapy in pediatric patients with central nervous system tumors: method features, clinical data analysis
Authors: Smirnova А. Yu. , Radulesku G. G. , Vorobyov N. А. , Bezyazychnaya I. V. , Martynova N. I. , Morgacheva D. A. , Belogurova M. B. , Dinikina Yu. V. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common pediatric solid tumor, that need multimodality treatment approach including surgery, intensive chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT). Due to toxicity, mostly late, RT has limited use in children, especially those under 3 years of age. The physical characteristics of proton beam therapy (PBT) minimize the risk and types of toxicity compared to photons, making it the preferred choice for pediatric use. Aim – to analyze the experience of PBT in patients under 18 years of age with various types of CNS malignancies, the assessment of risk factors for acute and late toxicity and its clinical manifestations. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 63 courses of PBT performed in 58 patients with CNS malignancies for the period from 2018 to 2022 was carried out on Proton Center of the Sergey Beresin Medical Institute. The manifestations of local and systemic toxicity (predominantly acute) were analyzed, with an assessment of the influence of age, the volume of RT, the use of previous and concomitant CT on the severity of adverse events (AE). Results. In the study cohort, patients with embryonal CNS malignancies predominated (72.3 %). Median age was 5 years 2 months, median follow-up was 15 months. In 36 % of cases, a complete response was achieved by the start of PBT. Patients with craniospinal irradiation (CSI) prevailed (60 %). Among the manifestations of toxicity, AE grade I–II predominated. The most common AE were local reactions (dermatitis (84 %), focal alopecia (96 %)). Among systemic AE, hematological complications (84 %) were the most often occurred. A more pronounced toxicity profile was registered in the group with CSI, while concomitant CT, the patient’s age, previous CT did not significantly affect the severity of most of the assessed AE parameters (p > 0.05). The analysis of late toxic effects was difficult due to the short follow-up period, the cumulative effect of other treatment modalities on the AE’s development. The reported complications included persistent focal alopecia (14 % of cases), endocrinopathies (7 %), neurological manifestations (6 %). One (2 %) child had a severe neurological deficit, secondary epilepsy with psychomotor regression, which can also be associated with the potentiating effect of previous CT and high-dose CT. Conclusion. The analysis of our data and literature review allows to conclude that PBT has relatively low toxicity profile, which is the determining factor for choosing this method of RT in pediatric patients. The main risk factor of AE’s was CSI. The acceptable acute toxicity of repeat PBT makes it possible to be used in pts with disease progression or relapse in case of absence of alternative therapeutic options.
Risk of leptomeningeal metastasis in children with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma with intracranial spread
Authors: Rodina A. D. , Polyakov V. G. , Gorbunova T. V. , Krylov A. S. , Kashanina A. L. , Merkulov O. A. , Varfolomeeva S. R. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Soft tissue tumors account for up to 8 % of all malignant neoplasms in children. According to the international histological classification, about 150 different morphological variants of soft tissue tumors have been registered, of which 45 % are rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Most often, RMS occurs in early childhood – the average age of patients at the time of diagnosis is 5 years. The incidence rate of RMS is 0.9 per 100,000 children. In 25 % cases, the initial diagnosis reveals distant metastasis to the lungs, bones, bone marrow, and 8 % – leptomeningeal metastasis. More than 7 % of patients with localized parameningeal RMS develop leptomeningeal metastasis, according to the Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group. Purpose of the study – report the incidence, prognosis of leptomeningeal metastasis and treatment outcomes in children with intracranial spread of RMS. Materials and methods. The study included 45 patients aged 1 to 17 years with a diagnosis of RMS of parameningeal localization with intracranial spread, who received special treatment from 2003 to 2020. The study included 6 (20 %) patients in whom the tumor developed in early childhood (up to 3 years). The boys predominated – 25 (55.5 %) in the study. The primary tumor spread to the orbit in 7 (15 %) cases, the skull base in 7 (15 %) cases, the middle ear in 4 (8 %) cases, the nasopharynx in 3 (6 %) cases, and the brain substance was affected in 16 (35 %). Metastases in regional lymph nodes were determined in 7 (15 %) patients. Multiple metastatic lesions of bones and bone marrow – 4 (9 %) cases, leptomeningeal metastases – in 2 (4 %). 45 (100 %) patients received drug treatment according to the protocols approved by the Academic Council of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centerof Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia. Radiation therapy was performed in 33 (74 %) patients, while total focal dose of 50 Gy was administered to the primary tumor. Affected lymph nodes of the neck were irradiated in 10 (23 %) patients, total focal dose is 45.0 Gy. Surgical treatment was performed in 15 (34 %) patients. Multicomponent treatment was performed in 15 (34 %) patients. Results. During the observation period from 12 months to 14 years, 21 (49 %) patients are alive. 21 (51 %) patients died from tumor progression, 1 (2 %) died from complications of special treatment. Conclusions. The treatment of this group of patients is one of the urgent problems of pediatric oncology, which is based on polychemotherapy, supplemented by intrathecal administration of anticancer drugs and craniospinal irradiation. The development of new therapies requires a multidisciplinary approach to achieve a significant improvement in the survival of children with leptomeningeal metastases RMS of parameningeal localization.
Recent Advances and Techniques for Identifying Novel Antibacterial Targets
Authors: Nazli Adila , Qiu Jingyi , Tang Ziyi , He Yun 
Published: February 2023

Background:With the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, the development of new antibiotics is urgently required. Target-based drug discovery is the most frequently employed approach for the drug development process. However, traditional drug target identification techniques are costly and time-consuming. As research continues, innovative approaches for antibacterial target identification have been developed which enabled us to discover drug targets more easily and quickly.Methods:In this review, methods for finding drug targets from omics databases have been discussed in detail including principles, procedures, advantages, and potential limitations. The role of phage-driven and bacterial cytological profiling approaches is also discussed. Moreover, current article demonstrates the advancements being made in the establishment of computational tools, machine learning algorithms, and databases for antibacterial target identification.Results:Bacterial drug targets successfully identified by employing these aforementioned techniques are described as well.Conclusion:The goal of this review is to attract the interest of synthetic chemists, biologists, and computational researchers to discuss and improve these methods for easier and quicker development of new drugs.
Research Progress in the Clinical Treatment of Familial
Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Ai Jing-Yan , Zhao Peng-Cheng , Zhang Wen , Rao Guo-Wu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inheritable disease
with severe disorders of lipid metabolism. It is mainly marked by increasing levels
of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), xanthoma,
corneal arch, and early-onset coronary heart disease (CHD). The prevalence of FH is
high, and it is dangerous and clinically underdiagnosed. The clinical treatment for FH includes
both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, of which non-pharmacological
treatment mainly includes therapeutic lifestyle change and dietary therapy,
LDL apheresis, liver transplantation and gene therapy. In recent years, many novel drugs
have been developed to treat FH more effectively. In addition, the continuous maturity of
non-pharmacological treatment techniques has also brought more hope for the treatment
of FH. This paper analyzes the pathogenic mechanism and the progress in clinical treatment
of FH. Furthermore, it also summarizes the mechanism and structure-activity relationship
of FH therapeutic drugs that have been marketed. In a word, this article provides
a reference value for the research and development of FH therapeutic drugs.