bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Minor Suture Fusion on Midface Hypoplasia in Syndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Layton Ryan G. , Bins Griffin P. , Lor Lyfong , Hemal Kshipra , Pontier Joshua F. , Waler Alexandria , Motamedi Vida , Runyan Christopher M. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Early onset of minor suture fusion in syndromic craniosynostosis is associated with midface dysplasia and is a common indication for craniofacial surgery. However, the potential effects of fusion severity on craniofacial growth patterns are not well understood. This study seeks to describe the impact of minor suture fusion severity on midface morphology in Crouzon syndrome. Methods: Pre-operative computed tomography images (CT) of 63 patients with Crouzon syndrome and 63 normocepahlic controls were included. Degree of suture fusion was assessed for the frontosphenoidal, sphenethmoidal, sphenosquamosal, sphenopetrosal, spheno-occipital synchondrosis, frontoethmoidal, and zygomaticosphenoidal sutures. Each suture was graded on a 5-point scale. The sella (S), nasion (N), A point (A), basion (BA), and anterior nasal spine (ANS) landmarks were used to calculate the SNA angle, BA-ANS length of the lower midface, and N-S length of the upper midface. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyze data. Results: The mean age was 43 months and 44% were female. The control group was significantly older ( P < .01) than the patients with Crouzon syndrome. Advanced fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in Crouzon syndrome correlates with regression of the BA-ANS length by 0.563 mm per incremental increase in suture fusion ( P < .01). Additionally, the lower midface (BA-ANS) was restricted to a greater degree than the upper midface (N-S) with progressive suture fusion in all patient types with ratios of these rates ranging between 0.602 and 0.89 for the 7 sutures analyzed. Suture fusion severity did not impact the SNA angle in any of the analyses performed. Conclusion: The severity of sheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion in Crouzon syndrome contributes to midface hypoplasia. Similarly, all anterior skull base sutures limited lower midface growth to a greater degree than the upper midface.
Variability in P2X receptor composition in human taste nerves: implications for treatment of chronic cough
Authors: High Brigit , Jetté Marie E. , Li Mei , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Clary Matthew , Prager Jeremy , Draf Julia , Hummel Thomas , Finger Thomas E. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundAntagonists to the P2X purinergic receptors on airway sensory nerves relieve refractory or unexplained chronic cough (RCC/UCC) but can evoke unwanted dysgeusias because the gustatory nerves innervating taste buds express this same family of receptors. However, the subunit composition of the P2X receptors in these systems may differ, with implications for pharmacological intervention of RCC/UCC. In most species, the extrapulmonary airway nerves involved in cough predominantly express P2X3 subunits that form homotrimeric P2X3 receptors. In contrast, most sensory nerves innervating taste buds in mice express both P2X2 and P2X3 subunits, so the majority of receptors in that system are likely P2X2/P2X3 heteromers.MethodsSince neural P2X subunit composition can differ across species, we used immunohistochemistry to test whether taste nerves in humans and rhesus macaque monkeys express both P2X2 and P2X3 as in mice.ResultsIn taste bud samples of fungiform papillae and larynx from humans and monkeys, all taste bud samples exhibited P2X3+nerve fibres, but the majority lacked substantial P2X2+. Of the 35 human subjects, only four (one laryngeal and three fungiform) showed strong P2X2 immunoreactivity in taste nerves; none of the rhesus monkey samples showed immunoreactivity for P2X2.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that for most humans, unlike mice, taste buds are innervated by nerve fibres predominantly expressing only P2X3 homomeric receptors and not P2X2/P2X3 heteromers. Thus, antagonists specific for P2X3 homomeric receptors might not be spared from affecting taste function in RCC/UCC patients.
Associations between maternal complications during pregnancy and childhood asthma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ma Ying , Wu Yu , Zhang Yi , Jiao Ting , Guo Shuangshuang , Zhang Dongying , Yang Jiewen , Deng Nali , Liang Zhijiang , Wang Harry H.X. , Bao Wei , Chen Ruoling , Tang Jie , Liu Xiaoqin 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundStudies on the associations between maternal complications during pregnancy and childhood asthma are exclusively conducted in Western countries. The findings are mixed and may not be translated to other populations. We aimed to investigate the associations among the Chinese population and to determine whether the associations were mediated through pre-term birth, caesarean delivery, low birthweight and not breastfeeding in the first 6 months.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 166 772 children in Guangzhou, China. Information on maternal gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes and gestational anaemia during pregnancy was extracted from medical records. Ever-diagnosis of asthma in children aged 6–12 years was obtained by questionnaire. Logistic regression models and mediation analyses were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals for childhood asthma.ResultsGestational hypertension, gestational diabetes and gestational anaemia during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of ever-diagnosed childhood asthma: aOR 1.48 (95% CI 1.37–1.60), 1.71 (95% CI 1.65–1.78) and 1.34 (95% CI 1.26–1.45), respectively. A stronger association was observed for two or three gestational complications (aOR 2.02 (95% CI 1.93–2.16)) than one gestational complication (aOR 1.64 (95% CI 1.52–1.77)). The aOR for the three gestational complications was 1.35 (95% CI 1.26–1.45), 1.63 (95% CI 1.58–1.70) and 1.32 (95% CI 1.24–1.43), respectively, after controlling for the mediators, including pre-term birth, caesarean delivery, low birthweight and not breastfeeding in the first 6 months.ConclusionsGestational hypertension, gestational diabetes and gestational anaemia were associated with childhood asthma, and the associations were partially explained by the mediation effects.
Association of the bovine aortic arch and bicuspid aortic valve with thoracic aortic disease
Authors: Sun Jing , Zhang Shuai , Qi Hongxia , Sun Cheng , Hou Zhihui , Wang Xiaoqi , Qian Xiangyang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Both bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and bovine aortic arch (BA) are considered as markers of thoracic aortic disease (TAD). But the association between them is not yet clear. This study aimed to explore the potential association of BAV and BA with TAD.

Methods
The study involved 449 participants who underwent their first aortic valve replacement in Fuwai Hospital from June 2017 to March 2018. All patients underwent multidetector computed tomography and echocardiography before surgery. The clinical characteristics were recorded to analyze the association between BAV, BA, and TAD. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the risk factors for TAD.

Results
BA accounted for 79.8% of the arch variants and was the most common aortic arch branching variant. BAV was present in 52.6% of the patients with BA and 38.1% of the patients with normal arch (NA). Among the 185 patients in the BAV subgroup, 50 had BA and 135 had NA. No significant differences were found in BAV anatomical phenotype, aortopathy phenotype, and valve function between BA and NA. The multivariate analysis showed that the presence of BAV and male sex were the risk predictors of TAD. BA was not a risk factor for TAD in either univariate or multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
The proportion of BAV in patients with BA was significantly higher than that of NA, but the BAV phenotype and aortopathy were not related to BA. BAV was a risk factor for TAD, whereas BA was not associated with TAD.
Effect of perioperative ultrasound guided fascia iliaca compartment block in elderly adults with hip fractures undergoing arthroplasty in spinal anesthesia—a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Liang , Liu Shuangmei , Cao Yanyan , Yan Lei , Shen Yang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
For elderly adults undergoing hip arthroplasty, fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) is often used before spinal anesthesia to reduce the pain of posture placement. However, the impact of FICB within 48 h needs further study.

Methods
89 elderly adults scheduled to undergo arthroplasty for hip fracture were enrolled and randomized into the FICB group (n = 45) and the control group (n = 44). The fascia iliaca on the operated side was located using ultrasound, and a puncture needle was placed under the fascia iliaca. The FICB group was injected with 40 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine, and the control group was injected with 40 ml of normal saline. Spinal anesthesia was performed after 20 min. Our primary outcome measures were: duration of analgesia, muscle strength, and Quality of Recovery (QoR).

Results
The duration of analgesia in the FICB group was 403.5 ± 39.6 min, which was longer than that (357.5 ± 35.9 min) of the control group (P = 0.012). There were 19 (42.2%) patients with muscle strength of grade 4 in the FICB group and 36 (81.8%) patients with muscle strength of grade 4 in the control group. FICB group was lower (P < 0.001). QoR-15 at 24 h after surgery was 114.1 ± 8.3 in the FICB group and 104.6 ± 8.4 in the control group (P < 0.001). QoR-15 at 48 h after surgery was 122.7 ± 8.4 in the FICB group and 120.5 ± 9.5 in the control group (P = 0.232).

Conclusions
For elderly adults with hip fractures, FICB provided longer analgesia and improved 24-h QoR, but reduced postoperative muscle strength.

Trail registration
Chinese Clinical Registry Center, ChiCTR2200056937, 23/02/2022.
A human T-lymphotropic virus-1 carrier who developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following immunotherapy for sarcoidosis: a case report
Authors: Nagahori Takashi , Shiraishi Wataru , Nishikawa Masafumi , Matsuyoshi Ayano , Ogura Takenori , Yamada Yui , Takahashi Kenta , Suzuki Tadaki , Nakamichi Kazuo , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Hatano Taketo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a devastating demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system caused by opportunistic infection of the JC virus (JCV).

Case presentation
A 58-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital for aphasia. She had a 5-year history of untreated sarcoidosis and was a human T cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) carrier. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, lysozyme, and calcium levels were elevated. JCV-DNA was not detected in cerebrospinal fluid by PCR testing. Skin biopsy revealed noncaseating granuloma formation. Bilateral multiple nodular lesions were present on chest X-ray. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed left frontal and temporal lesions without gadolinium enhancement. As we suspected that systemic sarcoidosis had developed into neurosarcoidosis, we started steroid and infliximab administration. After treatment, the chest X-ray and serum abnormalities ameliorated, but the neurological deficits remained. At 1 month after immunotherapy, she developed right hemiparesis. Cerebrospinal fluid was positive for prototype (PML-type) JCV on repeated PCR testing. Brain biopsy revealed demyelinating lesions with macrophage infiltration, atypical astrocytes, and JCV antigen-positive cells. We diagnosed her with PML and started mefloquine, leading to partial remission.

Conclusions
Sarcoidosis and HTLV-1 infection both affect T cell function, especially CD4+ T cells, and may developped the patient’s PML. The comorbidity of sarcoidosis, PML, and HTLV-1 infection has not been reported, and this is the world’s first report of PML associated with HTLV-1 infection and sarcoidosis.
Clinical characteristics of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis patients with new-onset of headache
Authors: Wang Yugang , Shen Xiaozhu , Wang Ping , Fang Qi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) patients with new-onset headache and to identify the risk factors for headache in this population.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the demographic and clinical data of 69 CVT patients recruited between September 2017 and September 2019. Patients were classified into two groups, the headache group and the non-headache group, according to the presence or absence of new-onset headache symptoms at admission. The following characteristics and parameters were measured and analyzed, including gender, age, amount of thromboembolic cerebral venous sinus(ATCVS), and other relevant indicators.

Results
The incidence of headache was 75% in this cohort. The proportion of female patients in the headache group was higher than that in the non-headache group. Patients in the headache group were younger than those without headache. CVT patients of headache group showed higher lymphocyte ratio (LR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and intracranial pressure (ICP) compared to the non-headache group, whereas mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and levels of protein (cerebrospinal fluid, CSF) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in CSF were lower in headache patients. The data also revealed younger age and the increased level of chloride ion CI-(CSF) were the risk factors for the occurrence of headache in CVT patients.

Conclusion
Age, LR, MCV, BUN levels, ICP, protein (CSF), and LDH (CSF) in patients with headache were significantly different from those in the non-headache group at admission. Younger age and a level of CI- (CSF) were risk factors for headache in CVT patients. These findings may provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment of CVT.
Associations between dimensions of empowerment and nutritional status among married adolescent girls in East Africa: a structural equation modelling study
Authors: Riddle Alison Y. , Li Wenshan , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Vlassoff Carol , Taljaard Monica , Kristjansson Elizabeth , Welch Vivian , Wells George A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Empowering adolescent girls is an important component of combating malnutrition in this age group. Because empowerment is multidimensional and context specific, it can be difficult for policymakers and practitioners to target the dimensions of empowerment associated with adolescent girls’ nutrition in a particular setting. This study sought to identify the empowerment dimensions significantly associated with married adolescent girls' nutritional status in East Africa; a region where malnutrition and gender inequality stubbornly persist.

Methods
We used cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Ethiopia (2016), Kenya (2014), Tanzania (2015–16) and Uganda (2016) to construct and test theoretically informed structural equation models of the relationship between six dimensions of empowerment and BMI-for-age and haemoglobin levels for married adolescent girls aged 15–19 years.

Results
Our models were found to be a good fit for the data. Married adolescent girls’ access to information, measured by their education level and mass media use, was directly and positively associated with their BMI-for-age (p < 0.05). Asset ownership, measured by owning a house or land alone or jointly, was directly and positively associated with haemoglobin (p < 0.05) and reduced odds of being moderately to severely anemic. Rejecting justifications for intimate partner violence, a measure of respondents’ intrinsic agency, was directly and positively associated with the odds of being overweight or obese. Adolescent girls’ level of empowerment across all dimensions had a direct relationship with their country of residence and household wealth.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that investment in girls’ access to information through education and mass/social media and their economic empowerment may be important contributors to their overall empowerment and nutritional status. However, caution is needed as greater autonomy may contribute to increased consumption of unhealthy foods that can contribute to overweight and obesity. Strategies to empower married adolescent girls should be tailored to their specific circumstances. There is an urgent need for better data on adolescent empowerment and health, including increased research into age-, sex- and gender-appropriate empowerment measures and longitudinal data to assess causality. The use of statistical models should be complemented by robust qualitative research to further results interpretation.
Prevalence and risk factors for tobacco, khat, and alcohol consumption among high school students in Ethiopia
Authors: Hirpa Selamawit , Fogarty Andrew W , Addissie Adamu , Bauld Linda , Frese Thomas , Unverzagt Susanne , Kantelhardt Eva J. , Getachew Sefonias , Deressa Wakgari 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundTobacco, khat, alcohol, and marijuana are the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases. There are limited studies on substance use in Ethiopia, especially among secondary school students. This study aims to determine the epidemiology of substance use among secondary school students in Ethiopia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2020 in four large regions of Ethiopia and the capital Addis Ababa. We collected data from 3,355 grade 9 and grade 10 students in 36 randomly selected high schools. Data were collected on tobacco, khat, alcohol and other substances. Mixed effect logistic regression models were fitted to determine the predictors of cigarette smoking.Results157 (4.7%) of the participants ever smoked cigarettes and 81 (2.4%) were current smokers. 106 (3.2%) ever used smokeless tobacco, 1,342 (41.8%) had ever drunk alcohol, 290 (8.7%) ever used khat, 137 (4.8%) chewed khat regularly and 76 (2.3%) ever used marijuana. There was a significant regional variation in substance use patterns; cigarette and khat use was the highest in southern regions, whereas alcohol use was highest in the northern areas. Availability of cigarette and khat shops within a 100-meter radius of the school compound was reported by 1,229 (37.5%) and 816 (25%) students, respectively. Three hundred fifty-four (10.9%) students had ever seen someone smoking a cigarette in the school compound. Ever use of smokeless tobacco (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 9.4, 95%CI: 4.9–17.9), ever use of shisha (AOR = 8, 95% CI: 3.9–16.3), ever use of khat (AOR = 4.1, 95%CI: 2.5–6.8), ever use of alcohol (AOR = 2.3, 95%CI: 1.4–3.7), having a friend who smoked a cigarette (AOR = 2, 95%CI: 1.2–3.5), and ever seen someone smoking a cigarette in the school compound (AOR = 1.9, 95%CI: 1.1–3.4) were associated with ever use of cigarettes.ConclusionSubstance use prevalence in Ethiopia has regional variations and prevention strategies should be tailored to the needs of the regions. Although this study reported a lower prevalence of cigarette smoking, students could access cigarettes and khat in nearby school areas. The existing tobacco control laws that prohibit selling tobacco products to children and adolescents under 21 years of age and ban establishing tobacco shops close to school compounds should be enforced.
Experience delivering an integrated service model to people with criminal justice system involvement and housing insecurity
Authors: Baker Olivia , Wellington Chevaughn , Price Carolina R. , Tracey DeShana , Powell Lindsay , Loffredo Sara , Moscariello Silvia , Meyer Jaimie P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
People returning to communities from prison or jail face stressors related to securing housing, including discrimination, restrictions based on prior felony convictions, and limited economic and social resources. Existing housing programs can effectively reduce housing instability but often do not fully address the needs of people involved in the criminal justice system experiencing homelessness who often have co-occurring chronic medical issues, and psychiatric and substance use disorders.

Methods
Project CHANGE is an ongoing program to deliver person-centered, integrated care and services to individuals involved with the criminal justice system and experiencing homelessness. Applying a Screening, Brief Intervention, (Referral to) Treatment framework, a comprehensive needs assessment is followed by delivery of intensive housing and vocational case management; and psychiatric, substance use, and medical services in a single location by an interdisciplinary team. Participants are followed with study interviews for 12 months. The current analysis was designed to assess the baseline characteristics and needs of the sample population, and the intensity of contact required for integrated service delivery.

Results
Between November 2019 and September 2021, 86 participants were enrolled, of whom 64% had been released from prison/jail in the past 6 months; the remainder were on parole, probation, or intensive pretrial supervision. Participants were unstably housed (64%) or residing outdoors (26.7%) or in a shelter (24.4%). Most participants had high medical need and frequent healthcare engagement through outpatient and emergency department visits. Most participants were at-risk for clinical depression, and half were diagnosed with anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform, and other non-psychotic psychiatric disorders. Over 12-month follow-up, the interdisciplinary team made over 500 contact encounters, over half of which resulted in direct services provided, including obtaining vital documents for homelessness verification, housing applications, and employment coaching.

Conclusion
Navigation of services can be particularly challenging for individuals experiencing criminal justice involvement, homelessness, and co-occurring medical, psychiatric, and substance use issues, which can be addressed holistically in an integrated service model. Integrated service delivery was time-, resource-, and staffing-intensive, and challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring innovative solutions to sustain participant engagement.