bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Frugal Innovation can empower citizens to make their life simpler and more sustainable. Insights from two ongoing initiatives
Authors: Antuña-Rozado C , Wohlfart L , Gandikota V , Åkerman M , Duderstadt Henning 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Frugal innovation, well managed, offers numerous opportunities for the development of novel solutions with the participation of ordinary citizens, including those belonging to marginalized or vulnerable groups. Since it is about developing solutions that are not only useful and durable, but also affordable, with a clear economy of means, it is an option that cities and regions should consider, as they normally struggle with tight budgets and a lack of inspiring ideas while trying to keep up with a rapidly changing environment. Unlocking the creative potential of citizens in collaboration with the business sector through frugal innovation challenges, for example, can result in better services and products and help reposition the city or region as a hub of innovation, thereby attracting new talent and investments.
The European project FRANCIS aims to develop frugal innovations through open innovation challenges involving different groups of citizens with the support of scientists and industry throughout the innovation process. Citizens can join the challenges through an online and face-to-face platform. Overall, FRANCIS does everything possible to activate and motivate civil society to participate in these challenges and ensure that potential barriers are overcome. In addition, behavioural testing and analysis is used to understand the most frequently encountered barriers at different stages of the frugal innovation process and to generate effective mitigation strategies. The project also aims to align the challenges with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) indicators.
To maximize its impact, FRANCIS works consistently to encourage and engage interested cities and regions in the frugal innovation process together with their citizens. The city of Bielefeld in Germany is one of the pioneers that wants to increase its innovation potential through the establishment of international innovation partnerships, which in turn will attract and retain the highest level of talent and expertise.
This paper will present the tools developed to date by FRANCIS project to guide and support the frugal innovation process with citizens so that it leads to a successful outcome, in addition to commenting on the Bielefeld case as an example for other cities interested in following the same path of innovation.
Architectural Practice Supporting Sustainability Transitions in the Built Environment
Authors: Plavina A , Kleiven T , Pettersen I Nilstad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Transitions towards sustainability are urgently needed to address the environmental and societal challenges on a global scale. This article applies concepts used in sustainability transition studies – niches and transition experiments – to architectural practice. A tentative evaluative scheme developed by Luederitz et al [1] is used in this article to analyse how transition experiments in architectural practice can be designed and performed to support sustainability transitions in the built environment. Three practice-led transition experiments addressing resource efficiency and frugality, reuse of materials, user involvement in design, self-building, etc. are analysed. The article concludes by discussing implications of using a transition experiment approach in architectural practice.
Designing and implementing solar photovoltaic system in secondary residence
Authors: Lilja K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The goal of this research was to find out, what kind of further training an experienced electrician or electrical contractor needs to be able to design and implement a 12volts off grid system for residential use.
In Finland, installing the low voltage system of 12 volts not necessary requiring qualifications, but anybody is allowed to implement such system. However, if something happens, the insurance company may cause troubles, if the system is not installed by professionals. Despite of this, it is not common at the moment, that a contractor designs and implements such a system.
The system was designed to be implemented into two secondary residence owned by two families. in implementing phase It was found out that it is a challenge to find a contractor that would be interested in and capable to implement low voltage systems. In common, contractors are specialized in higher voltages, and they do not necessary have experience, tools and components required in working with lowest voltages. Also the relationship between voltage, current and resistance seemed to be lost. Although the formulas P=UI and U=RI should be known by everyone working with electricity, the impact of distance and current on designing the wiring seemed to be unknown or forgotten.
It was found out, that to be able to design and implement low voltage solar photovoltaic system, an experienced contractor without earlier experience on such systems, needs further information concerning the standards and regulations, fire safety, batteries and designing the wirings. This information could be given in further training concentrating on photovoltaic energy systems and special issues in 12 and 24 volts installations.
A contribution to investigation of oscillatory loads of driving axles in order to create conditions for laboratory tests of trucks
Authors: Demić Miroslav , Đurić Aleksandar , Grkić Aleksandar , Drakulić Momir , Muždeka Slavko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Motor vehicles are complex dynamic systems due to spatial vibratory displacements during movement, changes in the characteristics of components during life cycle, a large number of influences and disturbances, the occurrence of clearance, friction, hysteresis, etc. The mentioned dynamic phenomena, especially vibrations, cause fatigue of the driver and passengers, reduce the life cycle of the vehicle and its systems, etc. In the general case, the movement of motor vehicles is done on uneven roads (terrain) and curvilinear paths in flat roads (terrains). Oscillatory movements cause loading of vehicle parts, but they also negatively affect human health. Therefore, even in the design phase of the vehicle, special attention must be paid to the harmonization of the mutual movement of the vehicle subsystem, and in particular, the suspension system. Theoretical, experimental or combined methods can be used for this purpose, and it is very useful to have experimental results of vibration of the vehicle subsystems in real operational conditions. Therefore, it is very useful to have experimental results of vibration of vehicle subsystems in operational conditions. Bearing that in mind, the aim of this wpaper was to use the movement of FAP 1118, 4x4 wheel formula, in operational conditions (due to higher speeds - in road conditions) to define laboratory conditions for testing. This is made possible by registering and identifying statistical parameters of registered quantities.
Analysis of powertrain’s workload during the turning process of a high-speed tracked vehicle
Authors: Ponorac Luka , Blagojević Ivan , Grkić Aleksandar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In order to analyze the efficiency of a high-speed tracked vehicle powertrain, it is necessary to understand the powertrain workloads in specific working regimes. Experimental tests are conducted on a specific high-speed tracked vehicle, in various terrain conditions, in order to obtain accurate workload data and isolate the maximum workload regimes. From the power balance point of view, the most demanding working regime is the vehicle turning process, so corresponding test results are analyzed with special attention. The obtained results indicate that the slip of the turning mechanism friction elements greatly influences the character of the power balance change.
The influence of the fuel stratification on the IC engine working cycle with the compressed natural gas
Authors: Grujic I , Davinic A , Stojanovic N , Doric J , Narayan S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The gaseous fuels are very convenient from the economic aspect as well as from the ecology aspect. Fuel stratification allows the engine work with the globally lean mixture and in this way increase the engine efficiency and reduces the pump losses. The separation of the engine working space, on the area where the mixture will be always rich, and on the area where the mixture will be always lean, allows the spark ignition engine work with the globally lean mixture. In the paper it was investigated, how the fuel stratification ratio influences on the combustion process of the compressed natural gas in the spark ignition engine. It was found that the stratification ratio has a great influence on the combustion process, as well as on the engine performances and the efficiency. Based on the research it was identified the optimal combustion process from the aspect of the performances and the efficiency.
Novel modular powertrain proposal for e-bicycle
Authors: Stojić B , Poznić A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bicycles with electric pedal assist systems are becoming increasingly popular, with increasing versatility, a range of intended areas of use, and different design approaches for system realization. This paper deals with the proposal for a novel modular drivetrain concept based on a friction driving wheel, for which a brief design outline is given. Desired performances based on law constraints and average bicycle driving experience analysed, and basic powertrain properties required for their realization assessed.
Development of mathematical model for design of vehicle steering system
Authors: Drakulić Momir , Stojnić Lazar , Blagojević Ivan , Đurić Aleksandar , Perić Sreten 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The vehicle steering system is one of the most important systems on the vehicle, both in terms of safety and performance. Based on the geometry of the steering trapezoid, the geometry of the suspension system, the alignment angles of the wheels, as well as the characteristics of the tires, a mathematical model for the design of the formula student vehicle "Road Arrow" steering system was developed. Based on the dynamic state of the vehicle, the mathematical model provides information on the stress of the steering system, the torque on the steering wheel and the slip angles of the steered wheels. The mathematical model was developed using the MATLAB software, and validation of the results was performed by comparing the results with the ones obtained by simulations in MSC ADAMS. Analysing the obtained results, it is possible to conclude that the average value of relative error of the stress is approximately 15%, for slip angles of the steered wheels is approximately 7%, and the error for torque on the steering wheel is approximately 6%.
Lightweight Materials for Automobiles
Authors: Busarac Nina , Adamovic Dragan , Grujovic Nenad , Zivic Fatima 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with vehicle lightweighting, as a strategy to help attain sustainability in the automotive industry by facilitating improved fuel economy. We reviewed innovative materials appropriate for the manufacturing of low-carbon vehicles (LCVs), such as advanced high-strength steel (AHSS), aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, as well as novel composite materials commonly used for lightweight construction applications. Research shows that vehicle curb weight greatly affects fuel consumption. Primary weight reduction refers to body-in-white (BIW), which can subsequently lead to secondary weight reductions in terms of engine and powertrain size. This review takes into account the environmental aspect of the car body material and the possibility of closed-loop recycling, especially for aluminum and magnesium alloys.
Polymer matrix nanocomposites from the ecological aspect in the automotive industry
Authors: Gajević S , Krstić J , Miladinović S , Blagojević J , Stojanović B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Meeting the stringent requirements of the automotive industry that the material must meet in terms of price and performance is a serious challenge for engineers. The use of lightweight materials has led to the use of polymer nanocomposites in the automotive industry but has also led to new issues such as the impact on the ecological aspect of the environment. Tests, which are still ongoing, have found improvements in many material properties such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and magnetic. So, on one hand, improved properties and low prices of production and manufacturing have been recorded, on the other hand, there is insufficient research of their impact on the environment, which this paper aims to investigate.
Functionally graded materials in transport vehicles – overview, fabrication, application, modelling
Authors: Tošić G , Bogdanović G , Čukanović D , Radaković A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with functionally graded materials (FGM) as modern materials in transport vehicles. Basic methods of FGM production and areas of their application are presented, as well as an example of modelling an FGM plate. Bending of freely supported square FGM plates under the influence of sinusoidal transverse load was analyzed. The plates are made of metal (aluminium) and ceramic (alumina) in which material characteristics change as a function along the thickness of the plate. The static analysis was done by applying finite elements methods in the FEMAP software package for different mesh sizes. The results were compared with those obtained in the MATLAB software package using the classical plate theory, quasi 3D theory as well as high order shear deformation theories. The previously mentioned comparative results were analysed and certain observations and appropriate conclusions were made.
Analysis of the Impact of the Machine on the Forging Process of a Connecting Rod using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Delić Marko , Mandić Vesna , Pavlović Filip 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The application of numerical simulations of production technologies, using the finite element method or the finite volume method, is a widely used approach in advanced engineering design and research. Unlike industrial experiments, this approach allows the analysis of the influence of different process parameters on the output performance of a workpiece. The paper analyzes the influence of the choice of the machine on the forging process of the connecting rod, which is made, among other things, for the needs of the auto industry. For this purpose, numerical experiments were carried out, using the finite volume method and the Simufact.forming software package, with variations of three types of forging machines: drop forging hammer, crank press and screw press. Finally, the results of the numerical experiments and conducted analyses are presented, with concluding considerations and recommendations.
How the Core Technologies of Industry 4.0 are Changing the Automotive Industry in the World, with a Focus on China
Authors: Karabegović Isak , Husak Ermin , Karabegović Edina , Mahmić Mehmed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Industry 4.0 has a significant impact on the automation of production processes, by causing numerous changes in three segments: companies, technology and workers. Developed countries worldwide have their own strategies on Industry 4.0, which offer guidelines on its implementation in production processes, with the aim of their complete flexible automation. The core technologies on which Industry 4.0 rests have led to a complete transformation in production processes, especially in the automotive industry. The basic technology of Industry 4.0 is robot technology, i.e., the implementation of industrial and service robots in production processes. The paper provides an analysis of the implementation of industrial robots and service robots in the automation of production processes in the automotive industry with a focus on China. The analysis of the automation of production processes of the automobile industry in China was carried out for two reasons. The first is that China has a growing middle-class population, so demographic trends are encouraging the growing demand for certain products, such as cars. Another reason is that in China (as in Japan, Russia and Western Europe) the average age of factory workers is increasing (the labor force is older), thus the performance of certain tasks becomes more difficult so greater efficiency is not achieved. The paper analyzes vehicle production in China, as well as the readiness of production processes in the automotive industry for the implementation of Industry 4.0.
The ergonomic aspects of a passenger car climate control panel
Authors: Ružić D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In order to make a vehicle cabin environment thermally comfortable, substantial amount of the energy could be needed. This problem is especially notable in electric (EV) and hybrid vehicles (HV) because of the influence on the driving range. Therefore the EV and HV must have an efficient heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system (HVAC). Correct setting and use of the system is also one of preconditions for rational use of the energy and to obtain the efficient energy consumption. Despite of the automation of the system, a driver must be able to set the HVAC while driving. This is secondary task and must not interfere with primary task, the vehicle control. Therefore, design of the climate control panel (CCP) is important in terms of driving safety and energy consumption. An ergonomic analysis of a sample of typical compact/middle class family cars CCPs is given and discussed. The results indicate that the approaches in the CCP design are very different and there is an absence of standardization in terms of general control layout and functions. A user-centred design of the CCP would result in reduced number of the controls and fewer steps needed to set the system.
Computational assessment of light experimental hybrid vehicle braking efficiency
Authors: Stojić B , Poznić A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with braking performance of light parallel electric hybrid vehicle conceived as platform for educational and research work with students. As next step in vehicle design improvement, braking system modification was proposed. Using these data, in this paper braking performance on grounds with both high and low adhesion was assessed. Calculation results shown that braking efficiency is better for high than for low adhesion ground, which is result of design criteria applied. In both cases application of the regenerative braking impairs braking efficiency. This is consequence of insufficient braking force being applied at the rear axle as a result of system design.
Improving ride comfort by optimising suspension system of an electric street sweeper
Authors: Changoski V , Mircheski I , Danev D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The opinion of the operators of the working machines in today’s world is much more valued than in the past. Their comfort, safety and satisfaction during the working hours can be crucial in the decision making process of buying new working machine. Therefore, in this research paper the vertical dynamics and ride comfort of an electric street sweeper would be analysed by using a multibody dynamic model. The model is created using MSC. ADAMS, based on a real electric street sweeper. In order to test the ride comfort of the existing model, a road profile is modelled, according to the standard ISO 8608. The virtual tests are conducted while the vehicle is traveling with maximum velocity of 40 km/h, achieved during transit and lower velocities which are achieved during the operating hours of the machine. An optimization of the suspension system of the real electric sweeper is made, by targeting its components location and positioning, stiffness and damping characteristics. This results in improved ride comfort and smaller root mean square (RMS) values of vertical acceleration of the driver seat. These improvements would influence on operator’s better comfort and health. Results are presented using comparative diagrams of the original and optimised model.
The trend of structured light-induced force microscopy: a review
Authors: Zeng Jinwei , Dong Yajuan , Zhang Jinrun , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modern nanotechnology demands advanced microscopy with ever finer resolution and detectivity of both explicit and inexplicit features of matter. While typical optical microscopy can only directly observe the diffraction-limited appearance of a sample, a plethora of novel techniques has been presented to interrogate the intrinsic nature of matter in super-resolution. In particular, photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM) has attracted intense interest from optical scientists due to its unique optical force detection mechanism. Recent works on PiFM suggest that, combined with structured light illumination, the so-called system of structured light-induced force microscopy (SLiFM) can characterize conventionally elusive material properties with fidelity. In this review, we discuss the origin and state-of-art of SLiFM, including the following aspects: (a) the principle of PiFM and how it detects optical forces; (b) the fundamental physics of structured light beams; (c) the fundamental physics of structured light–structured matter interaction; (d) the relation between optical force and local electromagnetic fields. Lastly, we highlight the possible future industrial and academic applications of SLiFM in the characterization and manipulation of opto-magnetism, chirality, etc.
Acoustical behavior of camellia sinensis/ananas comosus fiber based uni-directional corrugated panel for sound damping application
Authors: Karthi N , Gokulkumar S , Sathish S , Rajkumar U S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To achieve a durable, rigid, and lightweight construction material, a new class of Camellia sinensis/Ananas comosus fiber-enhanced corrugated sandwich panel was designed and produced. The crushed core layer comprises sinusoidal corrugation and is manufactured by a method of mould pressing in an attempt to assess this material’s sound absorption ability. In addition, the influence of airgap and micro perforation on sound absorption properties was investigated. The samples with a greater perforation ratio and air gap are found to have a noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of 0.745, which can be used to attenuate mid- and high-range frequencies in industrial environments.
Mechanical parametric feedback-cooling for pendulum-based gravity experiments
Authors: Hartwig Daniel , Petermann Jan , Schnabel Roman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gravitational forces that oscillate at audio-band frequencies are measured with masses suspended as pendulums that have resonance frequencies even lower. If the pendulum is excited by thermal energy or by seismic motion of the environment, the measurement sensitivity is reduced. Conventionally, this problem is mitigated by seismic isolation, potentially combined with cryogenic cooling. Here, we propose mechanical parametric cooling of the pendulum motion, continuously even during the measurements. Different from linear damping, the actuator of our approach does not need a mechanically stable reference point. We report a proof of principle demonstration in the seismic noise dominated regime and achieve a damping factor of the pendulum motion of 5.7. We find a model system for which mechanical parametric feedback cooling reaches the quantum mechanical regime near the ground state. Gravitational-wave detectors would already be improved with much lower cooling factors.