bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of vector vortex wave modes in cylindrical waveguides
Authors: Islam Md Khadimul , Gaire Pawan , Madanayake Arjuna , Bhardwaj Shubhendu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method to generate Vector Vortex Modes (VVM) inside a metallic cylindrical waveguide at microwave frequencies and demonstrate the experimental validation of the concept. Vector vortex modes of EM waves can carry both spin and orbital angular momentum as they propagate within a tubular medium. The existence of such waves in tubular media can be beneficial to wireless communication in such structures. These waves can carry different orbital angular momentum and spin angular momentum, and therefore, they feature the ability to carry multiple orthogonal modes at the same frequency due to spatial structure of the phase and polarization. In essence, high data rate channels can be developed using such waves. In free space, Orbital Angular Momentum carrying vortex waves have beam divergence issues and a central field-minima, which makes these waves unfavorable for free space communication. But vector vortex mode waves in guided structures do not suffer from these drawbacks. This prospect of enhancement of communication spectrum in waveguides provides the background for the study of vortex wave in circular waveguides. In this work, new feed structures and a radial array of monopoles are designed to generate the VVM carrying waves inside the waveguide. The experimental findings on the distribution of the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic fields inside the waveguide are presented and the relationship between the waveguide fundamental modes and VVMs are discussed for the first time. The paper also presents methods for varying the cutoff frequency of the VVMs by introducing dielectric materials in the waveguide.
Broadband magnetic resonance spectroscopy in MnSc$$_2$$S$$_4$$
Authors: Tóth Boglárka , Amelin Kirill , Rõõm Toomas , Nagel Urmas , Bauernfeind Anastasia , Tsurkan Vladimir , Prodan Lilian , Krug von Nidda Hans-Albrecht , Scheffler Marc , Kézsmárki István , Bordács Sándor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent neutron scattering experiments suggested that frustrated magnetic interactions give rise to antiferromagnetic spiral and fractional skyrmion lattice phases in MnSc$$_2$$

2

S$$_4$$

4

. Here, to trace the signatures of these modulated phases, we studied the spin excitations of MnSc$$_2$$

2

S$$_4$$

4

by THz spectroscopy at 300 mK and in magnetic fields up to 12 T and by broadband microwave spectroscopy at various temperatures up to 50 GHz. We found a single magnetic resonance with frequency linearly increasing in field. The small deviation of the Mn$$^{2+}$$

2
+

ion g-factor from 2, g = 1.96, and the absence of other resonances imply very weak anisotropies and negligible contribution of higher harmonics to the spiral state. The significant difference between the dc magnetic susceptibility and the lowest-frequency ac susceptibility in our experiment implies the existence of mode(s) outside of the measured frequency windows. The combination of THz and microwave experiments suggests a spin gap opening below the ordering temperature between 50 GHz and 100 GHz.
Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in HIV patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Akanksha Kumari , Kumari Ashu , Dutta Omprokash , Prasanth Ajay , Deeba Farah , Salam Nasir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSoil-transmitted Helminth (STH) infections have been found associated with people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but little is known about the overall burden of STH coinfection in HIV patients. We aimed to assess the burden of STH infections among HIV patients. Relevant databases were systematically searched for studies reporting the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthic pathogens in HIV patients. Pooled estimates of each helminthic infection were calculated. The odds ratio was also determined as a measure of the association between STH infection and the HIV status of the patients. Sixty-one studies were finally included in the meta-analysis, consisting of 16,203 human subjects from all over the world. The prevalence ofAscaris lumbricoidesinfection in HIV patients was found to be 8% (95% CI 0.06, 0.09), the prevalence ofTrichuris trichiurainfection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.06), the prevalence of hookworm infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.06), and prevalence ofStrongyloides stercoralisinfection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.05). Countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America & Caribbean and Asia were identified with the highest burden of STH-HIV coinfection. Our analysis indicated that people living with HIV have a higher chance of developingStrongyloides stercoralisinfections and decreased odds of developing hookworm infections. Our findings suggest a moderate level of prevalence of STH infections among people living with HIV. The endemicity of STH infections and HIV status both are partially responsible for the burden of STH-HIV coinfections.
Geo-epidemiology of malaria incidence in the Vhembe District to guide targeted elimination strategies, South-Africa, 2015–2018: a local resurgence
Authors: Dieng Sokhna , Adebayo-Ojo Temitope Christina , Kruger Taneshka , Riddin Megan , Trehard Helene , Tumelero Serena , Bendiane Marc-Karim , de Jager Christiaan , Patrick Sean , Bornman Riana , Gaudart Jean 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn South Africa, the population at risk of malaria is 10% (around six million inhabitants) and concern only three provinces of which Limpopo Province is the most affected, particularly in Vhembe District. As the elimination approaches, a finer scale analysis is needed to accelerate the results. Therefore, in the process of refining local malaria control and elimination strategies, the aim of this study was to identify and describe malaria incidence patterns at the locality scale in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study area comprised 474 localities in Vhembe District for which smoothed malaria incidence curve were fitted with functional data method based on their weekly observed malaria incidence from July 2015 to June 2018. Then, hierarchical clustering algorithm was carried out considering different distances to classify the 474 smoothed malaria incidence curves. Thereafter, validity indices were used to determine the number of malaria incidence patterns. The cumulative malaria incidence of the study area was 4.1 cases/1000 person-years. Four distinct patterns of malaria incidence were identified: high, intermediate, low and very low with varying characteristics. Malaria incidence increased across transmission seasons and patterns. The localities in the two highest incidence patterns were mainly located around farms, and along the rivers. Some unusual malaria phenomena in Vhembe District were also highlighted as resurgence. Four distinct malaria incidence patterns were found in Vhembe District with varying characteristics. Findings show also unusual malaria phenomena in Vhembe District that hinder malaria elimination in South Africa. Assessing the factors associated with these unusual malaria phenome would be helpful on building innovative strategies that lead South Africa on malaria elimination.
Human-caused wolf mortality persists for years after discontinuation of hunting
Authors: Oliynyk Roman Teo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBy the mid-twentieth century, wolves were nearly extinct in the lower 48 states, with a small number surviving in northern Minnesota. After wolves were placed on the endangered species list in 1973, the northern Minnesota wolf population increased and stabilized by the early 2000s. A wolf trophy hunt was introduced in 2012–2014 and then halted by a court order in December 2014. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources collected wolf radiotelemetry data for the years 2004–2019. Statistical analysis showed that wolf mortality remained close to constant from 2004 until the initiation of the hunt, and that mortality doubled with the initiation of the first hunting and trapping season in 2012, remaining at a nearly constant elevated level through 2019. Notably, average annual wolf mortality increased from 21.7% before wolf hunting seasons (10.0% by human causes and 11.7% natural causes) to 43.4% (35.8% by human causes and 7.6% natural causes). The fine-grained statistical trend implies that human-caused mortality increased sharply during the hunting seasons, while natural mortality initially dropped. After the hunt’s discontinuation, human-caused mortality remained higher than prior to the hunting seasons throughout the five years of the available after-hunt radiotelemetry data.
Theoretical prediction and shape-controlled synthesis of two-dimensional semiconductive Ni3TeO6
Authors: Fernández-Catalá Javier , Kistanov Andrey A. , Bai Yang , Singh Harishchandra , Cao Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrent progress in two-dimensional (2D) materials explorations leads to constant specie enrichments of possible advanced materials down to two dimensions. The metal chalcogenide-based 2D materials are promising grounds where many adjacent territories are waiting to be explored. Here, a stable monolayer Ni3TeO6 (NTO) structure was computationally predicted and its stacked 2D nanosheets experimentally synthesized. Theoretical design undergoes featuring coordination of metalloid chalcogen, slicing the bulk structure, geometrical optimizations and stability study. The predicted layered NTO structure is realized in nanometer-thick nanosheets via a one-pot shape-controlled hydrothermal synthesis. Compared to the bulk, the 2D NTO own a lowered bandgap energy, more sensitive wavelength selectivity and an emerging photocatalytic hydrogen evolution ability under visible light. Beside a new 2D NTO with the optoelectrical and photocatalytic merits, its existing polar space group, structural specification, and design route are hoped to benefit 2D semiconductor innovations both in species enrichment and future applications.
Symmetry-protected topological exceptional chains in non-Hermitian crystals
Authors: Zhang Ruo-Yang , Cui Xiaohan , Chen Wen-Jie , Zhang Zhao-Qing , Chan C. T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn non-Hermitian systems, defective band degeneracies called exceptional points can form exceptional lines (ELs) in 3D momentum space in the absence of any symmetries. However, whether the presence of symmetries can affect the EL configurations had rarely been discussed. Here we show that a natural orientation can be assigned to every EL according to the eigenenergy braiding around it, and we establish the source-free principle of ELs stating that the number of ELs ingoing and outgoing from the junction must be conserved. Based on this principle, we discover that three crystalline-symmetry-based mechanisms can stabilize the junction of ELs, resulting in the formation of various types of exceptional chains (ECs). We further demonstrate that ECs can be observed in prototypical non-Hermitian photonic crystals. Our results combine the effect of non-Hermitian spatiotemporal symmetry and topology to pave the way for understanding and manipulating the morphology of ELs in non-Hermitian crystalline systems.
Genomic copy number variability at the genus, species and population levels impacts in situ ecological analyses of dinoflagellates and harmful algal blooms
Authors: Ruvindy Rendy , Barua Abanti , Bolch Christopher J S , Sarowar Chowdhury , Savela Henna , Murray Shauna A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The application of meta-barcoding, qPCR, and metagenomics to aquatic eukaryotic microbial communities requires knowledge of genomic copy number variability (CNV). CNV may be particularly relevant to functional genes, impacting dosage and expression, yet little is known of the scale and role of CNV in microbial eukaryotes. Here, we quantify CNV of rRNA and a gene involved in Paralytic Shellfish Toxin (PST) synthesis (sxtA4), in 51 strains of 4 Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) species. Genomes varied up to threefold within species and ~7-fold amongst species, with the largest (A. pacificum, 130 ± 1.3 pg cell−1 /~127 Gbp) in the largest size category of any eukaryote. Genomic copy numbers (GCN) of rRNA varied by 6 orders of magnitude amongst Alexandrium (102– 108 copies cell−1) and were significantly related to genome size. Within the population CNV of rRNA was 2 orders of magnitude (105 – 107 cell−1) in 15 isolates from one population, demonstrating that quantitative data based on rRNA genes needs considerable caution in interpretation, even if validated against locally isolated strains. Despite up to 30 years in laboratory culture, rRNA CNV and genome size variability were not correlated with time in culture. Cell volume was only weakly associated with rRNA GCN (20–22% variance explained across dinoflagellates, 4% in Gonyaulacales). GCN of sxtA4 varied from 0–102 copies cell−1, was significantly related to PSTs (ng cell−1), displaying a gene dosage effect modulating PST production. Our data indicate that in dinoflagellates, a major marine eukaryotic group, low-copy functional genes are more reliable and informative targets for quantification of ecological processes than unstable rRNA genes.
Preparation of a CeO2 ball-core structure and its application in quantum dot sensitized solar cells
Authors: Yang Shusen , Sun Jie , Dai Chenxuan , Wang Zixin , Ma Zeyuan , Zhang Wenming , Li Ling 
Published: July 2023

A pomegranate-like nanosphere structure of CeO2 was prepared by a hydrothermal method, which was printed on a TiO2 film as a scattering layer. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the assembled quantum dot sensitized solar cells reached 7.46%.
Application of the closed loop industrial internet of things (IIoT)‐based control system in enhancing the oil recovery factor and the oil production
Authors: Naghneh Hossein Malekpour , Amani Maryamparisa , Farhadi Alireza , Isaai Mohammad Taghi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA non‐linear large scale stochastic optimisation model for enhancing the oil production and the recovery factor of the offshore oil reservoirs is proposed. The model aims at minimising the miss‐match between mathematical model and the actual dynamic behaviour of the reservoir and the exploitation time, while maximising the oil production and the recovery factor. The model involves the three dimension (3D) oil reservoirs equipped with a few vertical injection and production wells. The limited number of wells is one of the major features of the common oil reservoirs in the middle‐east region. The proposed model consists of the primarily mathematical model of the 3D reservoir, a model update algorithm and a large scale constrained non‐linear optimisation algorithm. The input to this model is the daily production rate of the oil, natural gas and water produced from the oil reservoir and the output is the optimal injection rate to be injected to the injection wells in order to maximise the oil production and the recovery factor. In order to evaluate the performance of this model, the authors apply this model on part of one of the Iran's offshore oil reservoirs and study the performance improvement due to the proposed model and compare its performance with the performance of the available Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) technique. It is illustrated that the proposed model can increase the oil production from the reservoir up to 47.96% and reduce the exploitation period up to 66.66% compared with those of the available technique.
A multimodal feature fusion image dehazing method with scene depth prior
Authors: Zhengpeng Zhang , Yan Cheng , Shuai Zhang , Lijing Bu , Mingjun Deng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrent dehazing networks usually only learn haze features in a single‐image colour space and often suffer from uneven dehazing, colour, and edge degradation when confronted with different scales of ground objects in the depth space of the scene. The authors propose a multimodal feature fusion image dehazing method with scene depth prior based on a decoder–encoder backbone network. The multimodal feature fusion module was first designed. In this module, affine transformation and polarized self‐attention mechanism are used to realize the fusion of image colour and depth prior feature, to improve the representation ability of the model for different scale ground haze feature in‐depth space. Then, the feature enhancement module (FEM) is added, and deformable convolution and difference convolution methods are used to enhance the representation ability of the model for the geometric and texture feature of the ground objects. The publicly available dehazing datasets are used for comparison and ablation experiments. The results show that compared with the existing classical dehazing networks, the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and SSIM of the authors’ proposed method have been significantly improved, have a more uniform dehazing effect in different depth spaces, and maintain the colour and edge details of the ground objects very well.
Search framework for neutral bits and boomerangs in SHA‐1 collision attacks
Authors: Li Degang , Yang Yang , Zeng Guang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeutral bits and boomerangs are key techniques for accelerating collision search in SHA‐1 attacks. The current acceleration techniques for SHA‐1 near‐collision attacks are reviewed and a generic search framework for neutral bits and boomerangs is presented. The framework can efficiently construct auxiliary paths for a given differential path and message bit relations and find and store ideal boomerangs. The framework was applied to free‐start attacks for 76‐step SHA‐1, and the complexity was reduced from to . Relaxing the boomerang's restrictions on message words, the authors propose an accelerating technique termed semi‐boomerangs, combined with the search framework of boomerangs, which increases the speed of collision search by 3.48 times in a free‐start attack for 80‐step SHA‐1 and the complexity for 80‐step attack was reduced from to .
A re-analysis of equilibrium chemistry in five hot Jupiters
Authors: Panek E. , Beaulieu J.-P. , Drossart P. , Venot O. , Changeat Q. , Al-Refaie A. , Gressier A. 
Published: July 2023

Aims. Studies of chemistry and chemical composition are fundamental to exploring the formation histories of planets and planetary systems. We propose having another look at five targets to better determine their composition and the chemical mechanisms taking place in their atmospheres. We present a re-analysis of five hot Jupiters, combining multiple instruments and using Bayesian retrieval methods. We compare different combinations of molecules present in the simulated atmosphere and various chemistry types, as well as a range of cloud parametrizations. Following up on recent studies questioning the detection of Na and K in the atmosphere of HD 209458b as being potentially contaminated by stellar lines (when present), we study the impact on other retrieval parameters that may lead to misinterpretations of the presence of these alkali species.
Methods. We used spatially scanned observations from the grisms G102 and G141 of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope, with a wavelength coverage of ~0.8 to ~1.7 microns. We analyzed these data with the publicly available Iraclis pipeline. We added data from Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) observations to increase our wavelength coverage from ~0.4 to ~1.7 µm. We then performed a Bayesian retrieval analysis with the open-source TauREx using a nested sampling algorithm. We carried out the retrieval, taking into account molecular abundances that vary freely and then with equilibrium chemistry. We explored the influence of including Na and K on the retrieval of the molecules from the atmosphere.
Results. Our data re-analysis and Bayesian retrieval are consistent with previous studies, but we do find small differences in the retrieved parameters. After all, Na and K have no significant impact on the properties of the planet atmospheres. Therefore, we present here our new best-fit models, taking into account molecular abundances that are allowed to vary freely as well as the equilibrium chemistry. This work is a preparation for a future addition of a more sophisticated representation of the chemistry involved, while taking into account disequilibrium effects such as vertical mixing and photochemistry.
Rotational spectrum and interstellar detection of the first torsionally excited state of methylamine
Authors: Gyawali P. , Motiyenko R. A. , Belloche A. , Kleiner I. , Ilyushin V. V. , Alekseev E. A. , Gulaczyk I. , Kreglewski M. 
Published: July 2023

Context. Methylamine (CH3NH2) was first detected in the interstellar medium (ISM) toward Sgr B2 almost 50 years ago by observation of rotational transitions in its torsional ground state. Methylamine exhibits two large-amplitude motions (LAMs), the methyl torsion and amine wagging, which complicate the spectral analysis, especially in excited vibration states. The lack of an accurate model of the two coupled LAMs has also hampered the identification in the ISM of rotational transitions in excited vibrational states.
Aims. The aim of this work is to study the terahertz and microwave rotational spectra of methylamine experimentally and theoretically in order to provide a reliable basis for the detection of its rotational transitions in the first torsionally excited state, υt = 1, in the ISM.
Methods. The terahertz spectrum of methylamine was measured from 150 to 1520 GHz with the Lille fast scan spectrometer. Using a new “hybrid” Hamiltonian model, we were able to analyze the nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure and to accurately fit the rotational spectrum of the υt = 1 state of methylamine. We used the imaging spectral line survey ReMoCA performed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to search for rotational transitions of methylamine in its first torsionally excited state toward the high-mass star forming region Sgr B2(N). The observed spectra are modeled under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE).
Results. Accurate spectral predictions were obtained for the ground and first excited states of CH3NH2. We report the first interstellar detection of methylamine in the υt = 1 state toward the offset position Sgr B2(N1S) in the hot molecular core Sgr B2(N1). The LTE parameters derived previously from the rotational emission of methylamine in its torsional ground state toward Sgr B2(N1S) yield synthetic spectra of methylamine in the υt = 1 state that are fully consistent with the ALMA spectra and allow us to identify five rotational lines of this state.
Assessing the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation policies in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Huang Yujie , Huang Xianke , Li Ruiliang , Cheng Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo consolidate and expand the effective connection between the achievements of poverty alleviation in Xinjiang’s deeply impoverished areas and rural revitalization, it is necessary to study the effects and mechanisms of poverty alleviation policies. In this paper, the value of night light is used to measure regional economic development, and the panel data of 32 national key counties for poverty alleviation in Xinjiang and the remaining 48 counties in the province under its jurisdiction are analyzed by using the dual difference method to evaluate the promotion effect of poverty alleviation policies on regional economic development. The indirect impact of different poverty alleviation measures on economic development is explored by using the intermediary effect model. The study found that the implementation of the policy significantly promoted the development of the county economy, and the poverty alleviation policy in minority counties in the region had a stronger role in promoting the economy than that in nonminority counties. Further analysis of the mechanism shows that industrial poverty alleviation and education poverty alleviation have a significant role in county economic development, and the promotion of education poverty alleviation is lower than that of industry poverty alleviation.