bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciling reports: modelling employment earnings and measurement errors using linked survey and administrative data
Authors: Jenkins Stephen P , Rios-Avila Fernando 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe develop and apply new statistical models for linked survey and administrative data on employment earnings, incorporating 4 types of measurement error. In addition, we allow error distributions to differ with individual characteristics, which improves model fit and allows us to investigate substantive hypotheses about factors associated with error bias and variance. Contributing the first UK evidence to a field dominated by findings about the USA, we show that measurement errors are pervasive, but the 4 types are quite different in nature. We also document substantial heterogeneity in each of the error distributions.
Use of Veterans Health Administration Structured Data to Identify Patients Eligible for Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Gundle Kenneth , Hooker Elizabeth R , Golden Sara E , Shull Sarah , Crothers Kristina , Melzer Anne C , Slatore Christopher G 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Lung cancer screening (LCS) uptake is low. Assessing patients’ cigarette pack-years and years since quitting is challenging given the lack of documentation in structured electronic health record data.

Materials and Methods
We used a convenience sample of patients with a chest CT scan in the Veterans Health Administration. We abstracted data on cigarette use from electronic health record notes to determine LCS eligibility based on the 2021 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force age and cigarette use eligibility criteria. We used these data as the “ground truth” of LCS eligibility to compare them with structured data regarding tobacco use and a COPD diagnosis. We calculated sensitivity and specificity as well as fast-and-frugal decision trees.

Results
For 50-80–year-old veterans identified as former or current tobacco users, we obtained 94% sensitivity and 47% specificity. For 50-80–year-old veterans identified as current tobacco users, we obtained 59% sensitivity and 79% specificity. Our fast-and-frugal decision tree that included a COPD diagnosis had a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 60%.

Conclusion
These results can help health care systems make their LCS outreach efforts more efficient and give administrators and researchers a simple method to estimate their number of possibly eligible patients.
Self consistent grain depletions and abundances II: Effects on strong-line diagnostics of extragalactic H ii regions
Authors: Gunasekera Chamani M , Ji Xihan , Chatzikos Marios , Yan Renbin , Ferland Gary 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The depletion of elements onto dust grains is characterized using a generalized depletion strength F* for any sightline, and trend-line parameters AX, BX, and zX. The parameters AX, BX, and zX define the relative depletion pattern, for which values are published in previous works. The present study uses these parameters to calculate post-depleted gas-phase abundances of 15 different elements while varying F* from 0 to 1. An analysis of emergent strong spectral line intensities, obtained by inputting the calculated abundances into a cloudy model, shows that the depletion strength has a non-trivial effect on predicted emission lines and the thermal balance of the ionized cloud. The amount by which elements deplete also affects the coolant abundances in the gas. Furthermore, it was found that each of the parameters – metallicity, ionization parameter U, and depletion strength F* have degenerate effects on the emission-line strengths, and thermal balance of the interstellar medium (ISM). Finally, comparing our results to a sample of H ii regions using data obtained from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey (MaNGA) revealed that the best-fit F* was approximately 0.5. However, this best-fitting value does not work well for all metallicities. Removing the sulfur depletion and changing the nitrogen abundance pattern can improve the fit. As a result, extra observational evidence is required to verify the choices of parameters and better constrain the typical depletion strength in galaxies.
The frequency ratio and time delay of solar radio emissions with fundamental and harmonic components
Authors: Chen Xingyao , Kontar Eduard P , Clarkson Daniel L , Chrysaphi Nicolina 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Solar radio bursts generated through the plasma emission mechanism produce radiation near the local plasma frequency (fundamental emission) and double the plasma frequency (harmonic). While the theoretical ratio of these two frequencies is close to 2, simultaneous observations give ratios ranging from 1.6 to 2, suggesting either a ratio different from 2, a delay of the fundamental emission, or both. To address this long-standing question, we conducted high-frequency, high-time resolution imaging spectroscopy of type III and type J bursts with fine structures for both the fundamental and harmonic components with LOFAR between 30 and 80 MHz. The short-lived and narrow frequency-band fine structures observed simultaneously at fundamental and harmonic frequencies give a frequency ratio of 1.66 and 1.73, similar to previous observations. However, frequency-time cross-correlations suggest a frequency ratio of 1.99 and 1.95 with a time delay between the F and H emissions of 1.00 and 1.67 s, respectively for each event. Hence, simultaneous frequency ratio measurements different from 2 are caused by the delay of the fundamental emission. Among the processes causing fundamental emission delays, anisotropic radio-wave scattering is dominant. Moreover, the levels of anisotropy and density fluctuations reproducing the delay of fundamental emissions are consistent with those required to simulate the source size and duration of fundamental emissions. Using these simulations we are able to, for the first time, provide quantitative estimates of the delay time of the fundamental emissions caused by radio-wave propagation effects at multiple frequencies, which can be used in future studies.
Formation of polar circumstellar discs in binary star systems
Authors: Smallwood Jeremy L , Martin Rebecca G , Lubow Stephen H 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the flow of material from highly misaligned and polar circumbinary discs that feed the formation of circumstellar discs around each binary component. With 3D hydrodynamic simulations we consider equal mass binaries with low eccentricity. We also simulate inclined test particles and highly misaligned circumstellar discs around one binary component for comparison. During Kozai–Lidov (KL) cycles, the circumstellar disc structure is altered through exchanges of disc eccentricity with disc tilt. Highly inclined circumstellar discs and test particles around individual binary components can experience very strong KL oscillations. The continuous accretion of highly misaligned material from the circumbinary disc allows the KL oscillations of circumstellar discs to be long-lived. In this process, the circumbinary material is continuously delivered with a high inclination to the lower inclination circumstellar discs. We find that the simulation resolution is important for modelling the longevity of the KL oscillations. An initially polar circumbinary disc forms nearly polar, circumstellar discs that undergo KL cycles. The gas steams accreting onto the polar circumstellar discs vary in tilt during each binary orbital period, which determines how much material is accreted onto the discs. The long-lived KL cycles in polar circumstellar discs may lead to the formation of polar S-type planets in binary star systems.
The deconvolved distribution estimator: enhancing reionization-era CO line-intensity mapping analyses with a cross-correlation analogue for one-point statistics
Authors: Chung Dongwoo T , Bangari Ishika , Breysse Patrick C , Ihle Håvard T , Bond J Richard , Dunne Delaney A , Padmanabhan Hamsa , Philip Liju , Rennie Thomas J , Viero Marco P ,   COMAP Collaboration
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the deconvolved distribution estimator (DDE), an extension of the voxel intensity distribution (VID), in the context of future observations proposed as part of the CO Mapping Array Project (COMAP). The DDE exploits the fact that the observed VID is a convolution of correlated signal intensity distributions and uncorrelated noise or interloper intensity distributions. By deconvolving the individual VID of two observables away from their joint VID in a Fourier-space operation, the DDE suppresses sensitivity to interloper emission while maintaining sensitivity to correlated components. The DDE thus improves upon the VID by reducing the relative influence of uncorrelated noise and interloper biases, which is useful in the context of COMAP observations that observe different rotational transitions of CO from the same comoving volume in different observing frequency bands. Fisher forecasts suggest that the theoretical sensitivity in the DDE allows significant improvements in constraining power compared to either the cross power spectrum or the individual VID data, and matches the constraining power of the combination of all other one- and two-point summary statistics. Future work should further investigate the covariance and model-dependent behaviour of this novel one-point cross-correlation statistic.
Origin and Evolution of Marsupial-specific Imprinting Clusters Through Lineage-specific Gene Duplications and Acquisition of Promoter Differential Methylation
Authors: Cao Wenqi , Douglas Kory C , Samollow Paul B , VandeBerg John L , Wang Xu , Clark Andrew G 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGenomic imprinting is a parent-of-origin-specific expression phenomenon that plays fundamental roles in many biological processes. In animals, imprinting is only observed in therian mammals, with ∼200 imprinted genes known in humans and mice. The imprinting pattern in marsupials has been minimally investigated by examining orthologs to known eutherian imprinted genes. To identify marsupial-specific imprinting in an unbiased way, we performed RNA-seq studies on samples of fetal brain and placenta from the reciprocal cross progeny of two laboratory opossum stocks. We inferred allele-specific expression for &gt;3,000 expressed genes and discovered/validated 13 imprinted genes, including three previously known imprinted genes, Igf2r, Peg10, and H19. We estimate that marsupials imprint ∼60 autosomal genes, which is a much smaller set compared with eutherians. Among the nine novel imprinted genes, three noncoding RNAs have no known homologs in eutherian mammals, while the remaining genes have important functions in pluripotency, transcription regulation, nucleolar homeostasis, and neural differentiation. Methylation analyses at promoter CpG islands revealed differentially methylated regions in five of these marsupial-specific imprinted genes, suggesting that differential methylation is a common mechanism in the epigenetic regulation of marsupial imprinting. Clustering and co-regulation were observed at marsupial imprinting loci Pou5f3-Npdc1 and Nkrfl-Ipncr2, but eutherian-type multi-gene imprinting clusters were not detected. Also differing from eutherian mammals, the brain and placenta imprinting profiles are remarkably similar in opossums, presumably due to the shared origin of these organs from the trophectoderm. Our results contribute to a fuller understanding of the origin, evolution, and mechanisms of genomic imprinting in therian mammals.
Jewel Beetle Opsin Duplication and Divergence Is the Mechanism for Diverse Spectral Sensitivities
Authors: Sharkey Camilla R , Blanco Jorge , Lord Nathan P , Wardill Trevor J 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe evolutionary history of visual genes in Coleoptera differs from other well-studied insect orders, such as Lepidoptera and Diptera, as beetles have lost the widely conserved short-wavelength (SW) insect opsin gene that typically underpins sensitivity to blue light (∼440 nm). Duplications of the ancestral ultraviolet (UV) and long-wavelength (LW) opsins have occurred in many beetle lineages and have been proposed as an evolutionary route for expanded spectral sensitivity. The jewel beetles (Buprestidae) are a highly ecologically diverse and colorful family of beetles that use color cues for mate and host detection. In addition, there is evidence that buprestids have complex spectral sensitivity with up to five photoreceptor classes. Previous work suggested that opsin duplication and subfunctionalization of the two ancestral buprestid opsins, UV and LW, has expanded sensitivity to different regions of the light spectrum, but this has not yet been tested. We show that both duplications are likely unique to Buprestidae or the wider superfamily of Buprestoidea. To directly test photopigment sensitivity, we expressed buprestid opsins from two Chrysochroa species in Drosophila melanogaster and functionally characterized each photopigment type as UV- (356–357 nm), blue- (431–442 nm), green- (507–509 nm), and orange-sensitive (572–584 nm). As these novel opsin duplicates result in significantly shifted spectral sensitivities from the ancestral copies, we explored spectral tuning at four candidate sites using site-directed mutagenesis. This is the first study to directly test opsin spectral tuning mechanisms in the diverse and specious beetles.
Three-dimensional printing of patient-specific computed tomography lung phantoms: a reader study
Authors: Shapira Nadav , Donovan Kevin , Mei Kai , Geagan Michael , Roshkovan Leonid , Gang Grace J , Abed Mohammed , Linna Nathaniel B , Cranston Coulter P , O'Leary Cathal N , Dhanaliwala Ali H , Kontos Despina , Litt Harold I , Stayman J Webster , Shinohara Russell T , Noël Peter B 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In modern clinical decision-support algorithms, heterogeneity in image characteristics due to variations in imaging systems and protocols hinders the development of reproducible quantitative measures including for feature extraction pipelines. With the help of a reader study, we investigate the ability to provide consistent ground-truth targets by using patient-specific 3D-printed lung phantoms. PixelPrint was developed for 3D-printing lifelike computed tomography (CT) lung phantoms by directly translating clinical images into printer instructions that control density on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Data sets of three COVID-19 patients served as input for 3D-printing lung phantoms. Five radiologists rated patient and phantom images for imaging characteristics and diagnostic confidence in a blinded reader study. Effect sizes of evaluating phantom as opposed to patient images were assessed using linear mixed models. Finally, PixelPrint's production reproducibility was evaluated. Images of patients and phantoms had little variation in the estimated mean (0.03–0.29, using a 1–5 scale). When comparing phantom images to patient images, effect size analysis revealed that the difference was within one-third of the inter- and intrareader variabilities. High correspondence between the four phantoms created using the same patient images was demonstrated by PixelPrint’s production repeatability tests, with greater similarity scores between high-dose acquisitions of the phantoms than between clinical-dose acquisitions of a single phantom. We demonstrated PixelPrint's ability to produce lifelike CT lung phantoms reliably. These phantoms have the potential to provide ground-truth targets for validating the generalizability of inference-based decision-support algorithms between different health centers and imaging protocols and for optimizing examination protocols with realistic patient-based phantoms.
Classification: CT lung phantoms, reader study
Polarization Eh? Ideological Divergence and Partisan Sorting in the Canadian Mass Public
Authors: Merkley Eric 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere has been increasing concern among commentators and scholars about polarization in Canada. This note uses the Canadian Election Study from 1993 to 2019 to measure trends in ideological divergence, ideological consistency, and partisan-ideological sorting in the Canadian mass public. It finds only mixed evidence that Canadians are diverging ideologically and becoming more polarized—ideological distributions are unimodal and trends toward more dispersion are slight and driven entirely by the last two election cycles. Canadians are, however, becoming modestly more ideologically consistent and much more sorted—that is, partisanship, ideological identification, and policy beliefs are increasingly interconnected. These findings call for additional research on the causes and consequences of mass polarization in Canada and further efforts to situate these results, along with findings from the United States, in a comparative context.
Strategic Discrimination in the 2020 Democratic Primary
Authors: Green Jon , Schaffner Brian , Luks Sam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrimary voters frequently support the candidates they think have a greater chance of winning the general election over the candidates who most closely reflect their policy preferences—a perception referred to as “electability.” While electability is typically taken to mean ideological moderation, recent research highlights the potential for candidates’ demographic characteristics to affect such perceptions. Using a conjoint experiment conducted with a sample of nearly 3,000 likely Democratic primary voters in June 2019, we show that women and candidates of color were seen as less electable than their white, male counterparts despite being preferred more frequently, holding policy stances and general election strategies constant. These effects were independent of respondents’ hostile sexism and racial resentment, and mediation analysis indicates that electability concerns reduced overall support for women and candidates of color. The results replicate and extend recent findings related to “strategic discrimination” in the US electorate.
Screening patients for unintentional carbon monoxide exposure in the Emergency Department: a cross-sectional multi-centre study
Authors: Jarman Heather , Atkinson Richard W , Baramova Desislava , Gant Timothy W , Marczylo Tim , Myers Isabella , Price Shirley , Quinn Tom 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Low-level exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) is a significant health concern but is difficult to diagnose. This main study aim was to establish the prevalence of low-level CO poisoning in Emergency Department (ED) patients.

Methods
A prospective cross-sectional study of patients with symptoms of CO exposure was conducted in four UK EDs between December 2018 and March 2020. Data on symptoms, a CO screening tool and carboxyhaemoglobin were collected. An investigation of participants’ homes was undertaken to identify sources of CO exposure.

Results
Based on an ED assessment of 4175 participants, the prevalence of suspected CO exposure was 0.62% (95% CI; 0.41–0.91%). CO testing in homes confirmed 1 case of CO presence and 21 probable cases. Normal levels of carboxyhaemoglobin were found in 19 cases of probable exposure and in the confirmed case.

Conclusion
This study provides evidence that ED patients with symptoms suggestive of CO poisoning but no history of CO exposure are at risk from CO poisoning. The findings suggest components of the CO screening tool may be an indicator of CO exposure over and above elevated COHb. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for CO exposure so that this important diagnosis is not missed.
Do Corporate Disclosures Constrain Strategic Analyst Behavior?
Authors: Chang Yen-Cheng , Ljungqvist Alexander , Tseng Kevin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We show that analyst behavior changes in response to a randomly assigned shock that exogenously varies the timeliness and cost of accessing mandatory disclosures in the cross-section of investors: analysts reduce coverage and issue less optimistic, more accurate, less bold, and less informative forecasts. Our evidence indicates that analysts reduce a strategic component of their behavior: the changes are stronger among analysts with more strategic incentives like affiliated or retail-focused analysts. We conclude that mandatory disclosure can substitute for analyst information production, which is constrained by investors’ ability to verify forecasts using corporate filings.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Draft Genome Resources of Seven Strains of Tilletia horrida, Causal Agent of Kernel Smut of Rice
Authors: Khanal Sabin , Antony-Babu Sanjay , Zhou Xin-Gen 
Published: February 2023

Tilletia horrida, the causal agent of kernel smut of rice, is one of the most economically important diseases in rice. In recent years, increases in the incidence and severity of kernel smut have been reported across the rice-growing regions of the United States. In this study, we report the draft genome sequences of seven strains of T. horrida. Among the seven strains, four were assembled to 26 mb in length and the remaining three to 20 mb in length. These genome sequence datasets will be valuable resources for future studies on the population genomics and fungicide resistance of T. horrida and the host-pathogen interactions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Getting personal in metastatic melanoma: neoantigen-based vaccines as a new therapeutic strategy
Authors: D’Alise Anna Morena , Scarselli Elisa 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Cancer vaccines are facing renewed interest, thanks to the progress recently achieved in the immunotherapy field, including the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). The advances in understanding the CPI mode of action revealed a central role of neoantigens for the outcome of such treatments. Neoantigens became the preferred antigens for cancer vaccines and have been evaluated in several clinical trials. Here, we review the recent results from neoantigen-based vaccines in melanoma patients and discuss avenues for improvement.

Recent findings
The importance of neoantigens for tumor control comes from the positive correlation between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and response to CPI. Preclinical studies have proved the effectiveness of neoantigen vaccines in models, expediting their clinical testing. Tumor mutations are not shared in most tumor types including melanoma, mandating the need of a personalized approach. Several clinical studies have shown the safety, feasibility, immunogenicity and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity of personalized vaccination. Currently, new trials have been started aiming to both confirm clinical activity and combining vaccines with other immunotherapies for improved efficacy.

Summary
Personalized vaccines hold the promise for highly mutated and immunogenic cancers, including melanoma. Continuous efforts are underway to increase their likelihood of success.