bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Epstein‐Barr Virus‐Associated Liver Dysfunction
Authors: Zhan Yi , Fu Yu , Dai Hanqi , Gao Haihong , Huang Shanshan , Chen Huijuan , Xu Jianxin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTInfectious mononucleosis (IM) is mainly triggered by Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. There are few studies on the role of the gut microbiota in IM and EBV‐associated liver dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the gut microbiota in the EBV‐associated liver dysfunction and to evaluate the relationship between the severity of gut microbiota dysbiosis and cytokine levels. A case‐control study was performed. Individuals meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria for EBV‐induced IM were enrolled and their fecal and blood samples were collected. The V3‐V4 region of the 16s rDNA gene of fecal microbiota was sequenced; bioinformatics analysis including α‐diversity, β‐diversity, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) was performed; and the correlation between bacteria and clinical indices was analysed. A total of 48 participants completed fecal and blood tests, including 18 IM, 11 EBV‐associated liver dysfunction, 12 healthy children and 7 EBV‐negative liver dysfunction. The α‐diversity and β‐diversity of the gut microbiota in the EBV‐associated liver dysfunction was more than that in IM. The abundance of Granulicatella, Enterococcus, Atopobium and Acinetobacter increased, while the abundance of Prevotella, Sutterella, Collinsella, Desulfovibrio decreased in the EBV‐associated liver dysfunction compared with the IM. The abundance of Enterococcus, Atopobium and Acinetobacter correlated positively with the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes%. Gut microbiota of EBV‐associated liver dysfunction was significantly disturbed and associated with systemic immune response.
Understanding the Emergence of Ill‐being at Work in a Post‐colonial Context: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Ashraf Mehreen , Lindebaum Dirk 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLittle is known about how ill‐being at work is produced in a post‐colonial context. In this study, we explore this process through the lens of Critical Theory, examining the interplay between heteronomous obedience and the politicization of belonging in a multinational company in Pakistan. Drawing on data from 33 interviews, we trace the production of ill‐being as employees navigate pressures to conform via (i) mimicking behaviours, (ii) gendering obedience and (iii) concealing their values and identities. Our findings reveal that ill‐being is shaped by the hybrid dynamics of global corporate progressiveness and deeply ingrained local `Seth’ culture. This negotiation results in internal conflicts, reinforcing feelings of inadequacy, guilt and isolation, particularly as socio‐cultural and gender norms complicate belonging in the workplace. By integrating our findings with the literature, we offer new insights into the production of ill‐being in non‐Western settings and highlight future research directions.
Impacts of Hospital Data Breach on Healthcare Quality
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Chou Shin‐Yi , Peng Xiaosong (David) 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the effects of data breach incidents on healthcare quality and to explore potential mechanisms.Data SourceHospital‐level data breach reports from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and patient‐level hospitalization records from Florida State Inpatient Database during 2013–2017.Study DesignWe employ a propensity score matching difference‐in‐difference model to estimate changes in a patient's emergency department (ED) door‐to‐hospital admission hours, days to undergo principal procedure after admission, length of stay days, and in‐hospital mortality rates following data breaches. We compare the health information technology (HIT) functionalities of breached and non‐breached hospitals during both pre and post periods.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsOur primary analysis covers 1,295,537 records of inpatients admitted through the EDs of 12 hospitals.Principal FindingsData breaches are associated with long‐term improvements in healthcare quality, particularly in the timeliness of patient care and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality. Over time, patients experience a reduction of 0.56 h in ED door‐to‐hospital admission time (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.04 to −0.06 h) and a decrease of 0.18 days in time to undergo the principal procedure after hospital admission (95% CI: −0.23 to −0.13 days). Additionally, AMI patients experience a one percentage point reduction in in‐hospital mortality (95% CI: −2 to −0.06 percentage points), while mortality rates for other patient groups remain unchanged. Hospitals affected by data breaches show long‐term advancements in their HIT functionalities.ConclusionsHospital data breach incidents are associated with improved healthcare quality. This improvement may be attributed to hospitals' enhanced functionality of HIT.
Redaction as Cross‐Regulatory Disclosure Avoidance
Authors: FLOROS IOANNIS V. , JOHNSON SHANE A. , ZHAO WANJIA 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe introduce the idea of cross‐regulatory disclosure avoidance, whereby firms attempt to counteract expansions of disclosure under one regulation through actions that reduce disclosure under a different one. We study whether firms redact information from material contracts when they face new rules to disclose segment information. Using SFAS No. 131 as a plausibly exogenous shock to segment disclosure, we find that firms increasing the number of reported segments after the rule change exhibit a greater increase in redaction than firms maintaining the same number of segments. Consistent with proprietary cost motives, the increases are concentrated among firms with greater divergence in profitability across segments, higher abnormal segment profitability, and more negative abnormal stock returns in response to the finalization of the rule. Also, treated firms that redact after the rule change have abnormally profitable segments that they previously did not disclose. Firms that observables predict would increase redaction but did not experience declines in sales growth and profit margin. We find no evidence that agency cost motives drive the increases in redaction or, more generally, nondisclosure of segment performance before SFAS No. 131.
The Impact of Democracy and Happiness on Environmental Degradation in OECD Countries
Authors: Barut Abdulkadir , Alofaysan Hind , Akpınar Esra Nur , Adıgüzel Selminaz , Magazzino Cosimo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe objective of this article is to investigate the impact of happiness on environmental degradation utilizing annual data for 36 OECD nations from 2005 to 2021. To achieve this goal, GMM, Driscoll–Kray, and MMQR methodologies were employed. According to the empirical findings, happiness serves as a crucial variable in mitigating environmental degradation. Moreover, the investigation probed into the impact of income, technological advances, democracy, population, and renewable energy consumption on environmental degradation. The outcomes indicate that the EKC hypothesis holds for OECD countries that technological innovations, democracy, and renewable energy consumption have a mitigating impact on environmental degradation. In contrast, population growth, a factor that exacerbates environmental degradation, should be a cause for concern.
Mortality and Survival Analysis in Patients With Cancer Occurrence After Sjögren's Syndrome: A Long‐Term Cohort Study in China
Authors: Peng Yezi , Chen Jiana , Ren Yafei , Yang Dan , Zhou Ziyue , Shen Xiangyi , Qian Junyan , Jiang Xu , Zhao Lidan , Fei Yunyun , Chen Hua , Li Mengtao , Yang Huaxia , Zhang Fengchun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the mortality, survival rates, and prognostic indicators of cancer occurrence after Sjögren's syndrome (SS‐CA).MethodsThe medical records of patients with SS‐CA at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between January 2010 and August 2022 were retrieved. Clinical data and survival outcomes were compared to controls. The standard mortality ratio (SMR) versus the general population was calculated, and the survival and predictive markers of prognosis were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression.ResultsIn total, 114 SS‐CA patients were included, with a median follow‐up time of 105.1 (57.3–168.0) months. Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (32, 28.1%) was the most common cancer in patients with SS‐CA. The SMR of SS‐CA patients was 2.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.73–3.77). Patients with SS‐CA exhibited significantly inferior outcomes compared to controls (p = 0.010), with 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates of 91.2% and 83.2%, respectively. SS patients with a diagnostic interval between SS and cancer (SS‐CA diagnostic interval) ≤ 3 years or with hematological malignancies had poorer survival compared to those with a diagnostic interval > 3 years (p < 0.001) or with solid tumors (p = 0.019). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified the prognosis‐associated factors of SS‐CA as age at SS diagnosis > 50 years (HR 3.129, 95% CI 1.224–7.998; p = 0.017), SS‐CA diagnostic interval ≤ 3 years (HR 7.754, 95% CI 1.953–30.781; p = 0.004), and hematological malignancies (HR 2.648, 95% CI 1.201–5.838; p = 0.016).ConclusionMalignant comorbidities constituted a poor prognosis in patients with SS, wherein the SS‐CA diagnostic interval and the types of cancer were associated with survival.
Improvements in investment efficiency prior to a mandated accounting change: Evidence from ASC 842
Authors: Christensen Derek , Lynch Daniel P. , Partridge Clay 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrior literature on the relationship between financial reporting and investment efficiency generally overlooks the connection between firms' financial and managerial reporting systems. As a result, it is difficult to determine whether increases in the quality of firms' internal information environments (IIQ) and/or the quality of their external information environments (EIQ) explain improvements in investment efficiency following financial reporting changes. Leveraging the transition window to the new lease standard (Accounting Standards Codification [ASC] 842), we use a difference‐in‐differences design and find that firms that materially change their internal controls due to ASC 842 (treatment firms) significantly improve their investment efficiency in the final year of the transition window. Multiple falsification tests rule out that contemporaneous improvements in treatment firms' EIQ explain our finding. Additional channel analyses suggest the increases in IIQ for treatment firms predominantly alleviate moral hazard risk between central and divisional managers within the firm, leading to a reduction in empire building. Our findings extend the literature on the relationship between financial reporting and investment efficiency. They also contribute to the literature on the consequences of ASC 842 by answering the FASB's call for research on how ASC 842 affects firms' asset utilizations.
First out‐of‐bed mobilisation in adults with severe acquired brain injury in Scandinavian neurointensive care units: A survey of current clinical practice (FOOBScan)
Authors: Ghaziani Emma , Petersen Merete , Olsen Markus Harboe , Korshøj Anders Rosendal , Dyrskog Stig , Bernhardt Julie , Frisvold Shirin Kordasti , Sundstrøm Terje , Sandrød Oddrun , Møller Kirsten , Alvsåker Kristin , Godbolt Alison K. , Riberholt Christian Gunge 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe harm‐benefit balance for early out‐of‐bed mobilisation of patients with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) in neurointensive care units (neuro‐ICUs) is unclear, and there are no clinical guidelines. This study aimed to survey the current clinical practice and perceptions among clinicians involved in first out‐of‐bed mobilisation in Scandinavian neuro‐ICUs.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, anonymous, web‐based survey; the reporting follows the recommended CROSS checklist. Clinicians involved in the first out‐of‐bed mobilisation in all 14 Scandinavian neuro‐ICUs were eligible to participate. The questionnaire was distributed to local contact persons. Respondents were asked about their clinical practice regarding the first out‐of‐bed mobilisation, and perceived harms and benefits of early mobilisation.ResultsOne hundred eighty clinicians (53% nurses, 31% physicians, and 14% therapists) completed the questionnaire. Eighty‐one percent indicated that more than half of patients underwent their first out‐of‐bed mobilisation in the neuro‐ICU. More respondents from Denmark than the remaining countries indicated that both physicians, nurses and physiotherapists contributed to the decision on when to mobilise. Intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, sedation, presence of vasospasm and arterial blood pressure were the most used safety clinical indicators for deciding about mobilisation. Clinicians stated several positive effects of mobilisation, for example, improved bowel movements, level of consciousness, motor function, and reduced risk of pneumonia, contractures, delirium, and deep vein thrombosis.ConclusionsMobilisation out of bed is frequently performed in patients with severe ABI in Scandinavian neuro‐ICUs. The perceived clinical safety indicators for mobilisation were ICP, CPP, level of sedation, presence of vasospasms, and ABP.
Substance use and psychiatric outcomes following substance use disorder treatment: An 18‐month prospective cohort study in Chile
Authors: Bórquez Ignacio , Krawczyk Noa , Matthay Ellicott C. , Charris Rafael , Dupré Sofía , Mateo Mariel , Carvacho Pablo , Cerdá Magdalena , Castillo‐Carniglia Álvaro , Valenzuela Eduardo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and aimsEvidence from high‐income countries has linked duration and compliance with treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) with reductions in substance use and improvements in mental health. Generalizing these findings to other regions like South America, where opioid and injection drug use is uncommon, is not straightforward. We examined if length of time in treatment and compliance with treatment reduced subsequent substance use and presence of psychiatric comorbidities.DesignProspective cohort analysis (3 assessments, 18 months) using inverse probability weighting to account for confounding and loss to follow‐up.SettingsOutpatient/inpatient programs in Región Metropolitana, Chile.ParticipantsIndividuals initiating publicly funded treatment (n = 399).MeasurementsExposures included length of time in (0–3, 4–7, 8 + months, currently in) and compliance with treatment (not completed, completed, currently in) measured in the intermediate assessment (12 months). Primary outcomes were past‐month use of primary substance (most problematic) and current psychiatric comorbidities (major depressive episode, panic, anxiety or post‐traumatic stress disorders) measured 6 months later (18 months). Secondary outcomes included past month use of alcohol, cannabis, cocaine powder and cocaine paste.Findings18.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 14.7%–22.6%] of individuals participated for 3 or fewer months in treatment and 50.1% (95% CI = 45.2%–55.1%) did not complete their treatment plan at 12 months. Participating for 8 + months in treatment was associated with lower risk of past month use of primary substance at 18 months [vs. 0–3 months, risk ratio (RR) = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.38–1.00] and completion of treatment (vs. not completed, RR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.30–0.80). Neither participating 8 + months (vs. 0–3 months, RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.57–1.22) nor treatment completion (vs. not completed, RR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.72–1.46) were associated with lower risk of psychiatric comorbidity at 18 months.ConclusionsLonger time in treatment and compliance with treatment for substance use disorders in Chile appears to be associated with lower risk of substance use but not current comorbid psychiatric conditions 18 months after treatment initiation.
Drought and Wildfire Legacies Highlight Vulnerability of a Mediterranean Climate‐Type Forest
Authors: Anderson Nathaniel S. , Fontaine Joseph B. , Lewandrowski Wolfgang , Walden Lewis , Ruthrof Katinka X. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAlongside gradual changes in climate, extreme events such as droughts and heatwaves have increased in frequency globally. Together, chronic change and extreme events have been linked to forest die‐off, as well as larger, more severe wildfires. Increased disturbance frequency inevitably increases the likelihood of compounding effects, highlighting the importance of understanding forest responses and recovery. This study investigated physiological characteristics of the dominant canopy tree species, Eucalyptus marginata, on sites affected by a drought/heatwave event (2011) and five years later by a wildfire (2016) in southwestern Australia. Using a factorial design of drought vulnerability (sites with high and low vulnerability to drought), and sites that had experienced moderate and high fire severity, physiological measurements including pre‐dawn leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf temperature, specific leaf area, and live foliar moisture content were quantified to reveal impacts and potential compound effects on tree function. Measurements were taken during a summer heatwave and typical wet‐winter conditions to span periods of high and low stress. High drought vulnerability/ high severity wildfire sites had significantly lower pre‐dawn leaf water potentials, and stomatal conductance. Although E. marginata is known to be drought and fire tolerant, this forest stand had visible tree death and canopy contractions (via leaf drop) between summer and winter measurements, suggesting low plant available water in summer approached E. marginata's threshold for survival in high severity fire sites. Trees on high drought vulnerability sites experienced significantly more stress, but fire severity effects primarily manifested within these sites, measured via decreased specific leaf area and chlorophyll fluorescence. These results reveal interactive, contingent nature of multiple disturbances and their implications for future forest recovery. Monitoring forest health and function is central to developing predictive capacity of forest dynamics and tree responses as extreme events increase in frequency, severity, and scale.
Is the Long‐Nosed Potoroo a Facultative Arboreal Species?
Authors: Stephenson David , Weston Michael A. , Rendall Anthony R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTArboreality in macropods ranges from fully terrestrial to fully arboreal species, with some functionally arboreal species. Potoroos (Tribe Potoroini) are assumed to be fully terrestrial; however, we document sightings and images of climbing and tree use in long‐nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus trisulcatus) on French Island, Victoria. Ordination of body mass, head plus body length and tail length of macropods revealed some body forms occurred only in terrestrial species, that overlapped with a zone which also included facultatively arboreal macropods and potoroos, suggesting some degree of arboreality in potoroos could not be excluded based on body form. We conclude that long‐nosed potoroos may, in at least some circumstances, climb and forage in trees and propose this could be a foraging strategy, niche exploitation or a predator‐avoidance strategy.
Novel insights into sheep domestication in Southwest Asia based on genome‐wide sequencing
Authors: Fang Wenwen , Asadollahpour Nanaei Hojjat , Liu Yu , Zhang Huanhuan , Miao Lisheng , Cao Yang , Jin Haiguo , Cao Yang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe origin of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) can be traced back to the Asian mouflon (Ovis gmelini), in the Near East around 10 000 years ago. Genetic divergence within mouflon populations can occur due to factors such as geographical isolation, social structures, and environmental pressures, leading to different affinities with domestic sheep. However, few studies have reported the extent to which mouflon sheep contribute to domestic sheep in different regions. Here, we implemented the demographic analyses of sheep populations across the globe based on the whole genome resequencing data of 410 samples, Y chromosome genetic variation of 417 rams, and 396 complete mitogenomes of O. aries. This revealed genetic differentiation within Iranian mouflons and a close genetic affinity between northern Iranian mouflons and worldwide domestic populations. The result illustrates that domestic sheep in our study may have derived from the same mouflon populations. Furthermore, analyses of paternal and maternal genetic diversity showed that five Y chromosome haplogroups and seven mitochondrial haplogroups were identified, of which the lineages mtF and mtG were newly found and defined. A phylogeographic interpretation of our data reveals a cline of north to south Iranian mouflons, which may be largely explained by increasing urial introgression.
Morphometric and Morphological Study of Thoracic and Lumbar Intervertebral Discs in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Asl Mohammad Mohsen Salari , Goodarzi Nader , Soroori Sarang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the gross morphological and morphometric characteristics of thoracic and lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) in guinea pigs, utilising micro‐CT imaging and anatomical dissection. The findings reveal 13 thoracic and six lumbar IVDs were identified, with thoracic discs transitioning from rounded forms at T1–T3 to triangular and heart‐shaped structures at T4–T13, while lumbar IVDs exhibited a consistently flattened heart shape. Morphometric analysis revealed statistically significant differences, with lumbar IVDs being larger in lateral and dorsoventral width, disc area, annulus fibrosus (AF) area and nucleus pulposus (NP) area, and ventral height compared to thoracic discs. Specifically, significant increases in lateral width and disc area were observed in lumbar segments L5 and L6, while thoracic IVDs demonstrated fluctuating alterations in some parameters, such as dorsal and ventral height. Histologically, both thoracic and lumbar IVDs feature a well‐organised NP, AF and endplates (EP). The EP was composed of cartilaginous materials, including hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage and calcified cartilage, and bony materials, including extensive secondary ossification centres with many large vascular channels and bone trabeculae. In conclusion, this study indicates that although thoracic and lumbar IVDs conserve key histological properties, their distinct morphological and morphometric characteristics in guinea pigs reflect their adaptations to biomechanical demands. However, due to some fundamental differences between human and guinea pig, use of this species as a model for human IVD research and interpreting the extracted data should be cautious.