bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APKOWL: An Automatic Approach to Enhance the Malware Detection
Authors: Aboshady Doaa , Ghannam Naglaa E. , Elsayed Eman K. , Diab L. S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMalicious software (malware) can steal passwords, leak details, and generally cause havoc with users’ accounts. Most of the current malware detection techniques are designed to detect malware at the code level of the software, where it is actually infected and causes damage. Additionally, current malware detection techniques at the design level are done manually or semi-automatically. This research aims to enhance these methods to detect malware at the design level automatically with a big dataset. The proposed method presents an automatic system for detecting SMS (Short Message Service) malware at the design which is called APKOWL. It is based on reverse engineering of the mobile application and then automatically builds OWL (web ontology Language) ontology. The proposed system is implemented in python and Protégé, and its performance has been tested and evaluated on samples of android mobile applications including 3,904 malware and 3,200 benign samples. The experimental results successfully verify the effectiveness of the proposed method because it has good performance in detecting SMS malware at the software design level. The proposed method obtained an accuracy of 97%, precision of 97.5%, and recall of 99%, outperforming the compared model in all performance metrics.
Advanced detection of fungi-bacterial diseases in plants using modified deep neural network and DSURF
Authors: Saraswat Shipra , Singh Pooja , Kumar Manoj , Agarwal Jyoti 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFood is indispensable for humans as their growth and survival depend on it. But nowadays, crop is getting spoiled due to fungi and bacteria as soil temperature are changes very rapidly according to sudden climate changes. Due to fungi-bacterial crop, the quality of food is declining day by day and this is really not good for human health. The goal of this research paper is the advanced detection of fungi-bacterial diseases in plants using modified deep neural network approach and DSURF method in order to enhance the detection process. Proposed approach of this research is to use the artificial intelligence techniques like neural network model and dynamic SURF method in order to identify and classify the plant diseases for fungus and bacteria. Additionally, support dynamic feature extraction DSURF & classifier combinations for creating image clusters with the help of Clustering. Deep learning model is employed for training and testing the classifier. The quantitative experimental results of this research work are claimed that authors have achieved the 99.5% overall accuracy by implementing DNNM and DSURF which is much higher than other previous proposed methods in this field. This proposed work is a step towards finding the best practices to detect plant diseases from any bacterial and fungal infection so that humans can get healthy food.
The influence of large-scale climate modes on tropical cyclone tracks in the southwest Pacific
Authors: Sharma Krishneel K. , Verdon-Kidd Danielle C. , Magee Andrew D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) impact the economy, properties, lives and infrastructure of island nations and territories of the southwest Pacific (SWP), accounting for three in four regional disasters each year. To increase the resilience of the SWP to the destructive impacts of TCs, improved TC track forecasts are needed since a high degree of uncertainty exists around the likely path a TC will take in this region post-formation. This requires better comprehension of the factors contributing to TC track variability occurring at different timescales. Therefore, we examine the modulating impact of key Indo-Pacific climate drivers: the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), on SWP TC track variability. We present new insights into the spatial (i.e. prevailing trajectories) and temporal (i.e. track length, average speed and duration) components of TC tracks, being modulated by both individual and combined climate modes. Overall, TC tracks tend to shift northeast during El Niño, IPO positive, IOD east positive and/or SAM negative phases (with a southwest shift observed during the opposite climate phases). Further, we show that when two of these climate modes are in their positive phase (e.g. El Niño with the positive phases of IPO or eastern pole of IOD and SAM), TC track length and average speed are enhanced. However, for cases where either one (e.g. El Niño/negative phase of IPO and IOD east) or two (La Niña/negative phase of IPO, IOD east and SAM) climate modes were in the negative phase, an increase in TC track duration was observed. The findings of this study may be used to improve TC forecasting and better quantify TC-related risks.
Dynamic analysis of magnetic spring-based nonlinear oscillator system
Authors: Ahamed Raju , Howard Ian , McKee Kristoffer 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to study the dynamics of the single-degree-of-freedom magnetic spring-based oscillator system. The proposed oscillator system contains a nonmagnetic shaft, a floating permanent magnet (PM), and two fixed permanent magnets (PMs). All PMs are placed in such a way that they can repel each other. At first, the proposed system's magnetic properties and magnetic restoring force are studied. Experimental and numerical analyses have been carried out to validate the analytical investigation of the magnetic restoring force. The linear and nonlinear coefficients of the oscillator system are analysed from the magnetic restoring force. Moreover, how the gravitational force affects the equilibrium position is studied by varying the height of the oscillator. The magnetic restoring forces for different oscillator heights are also analysed. In addition, the system dynamics, such as damping ratio, eigenvalues and natural frequencies of the oscillator system, are investigated with and without electromechanical coupling. Finally, the proposed system's energy generation capacity is examined using electromechanical coupling.
Fiscal Space and Policy Response to Financial Crises: Market Access and Deficit Concerns
Authors: Salamaliki Paraskevi K. , Venetis Ioannis A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExisting literature suggests that fiscal space matters for the policy response to financial crises. High public debt levels limit countries capacity to pursue macroeconomic and financial stabilization policies and resume growth after severe crisis downturns. We examine the involved channels through which fiscal space matters for the dynamics of fiscal policy after a financial distress, namely sovereign market access and policymakers’ views, in a panel of 30 OECD countries for the period 1980–2017. We introduce a non-linear measure of fiscal space, which further considers simultaneously both the debt-to-GDP ratio capturing long-term features of countries’ policy-making processes and budgetary balances that capture recent policy decisions and persistent fiscal deficits. We document a substantially strengthened role for sovereign market access constraints in driving the policy response to distress once fiscal space non-linearity is introduced in the model, which highlights the non-linearity involved in market participants’ concerns about fiscal space. Moreover, the vulnerability of market access concerning fiscal space is affected by either the debt-to-GDP ratio or fiscal balances dominating the assessment of fiscal space. The role of fiscal health and the policymakers’ views channel is more pronounced once flows of budget deficits are at the epicenter of the assessment of fiscal space, suggesting a “deficit concerns” channel.
Biological nitrogen fixation by legume cover plants in oil palm plantations: calibration of the ureide technique and effects of plantation age and soil nitrate
Authors: Pipai Rachel , McNeill Ann , Unkovich Murray , Banabas Murom , Nelson Paul N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims
To sustainably manage N in oil palm systems quantities of N fixed by cover legumes need to be understood. Current values are scarce, based on shoot N measures and do not include litter which releases nitrate as it decomposes. We aimed to quantify N2 fixed by legumes under oil palm systems in PNG and to determine if soil nitrate influenced dependence on N2 fixation (Ndfa).

Methods
The ureide technique for estimating tropical legume Ndfa was calibrated for Calapogonium mucunoides and Pueraria phaseoloides using 15N isotope dilution, and then used to assess Ndfa for legume cover under oil palms (2 to 25 years old) in Papua New Guinea. Amounts of fixed N in above-ground legume biomass (shoot plus litter) were calculated incorporating % groundcover. Soil nitrate under the legume litter was also measured.

Results
Legume Ndfa was highly negatively correlated with soil nitrate concentration but independent of palm age. Legume groundcover, shoot and litter dry matter, and quantity of fixed N were greater under oil palms less than 5 years old, decreasing under older plantations where solely C. caeruleum was present. DM and N content of litter were similar to shoots for legumes in plantations less than 6 years old.

Conclusion
The calibrated ureide technique can be used, together with estimates of annual legume N accumulation, to quantify N input from legume groundcover during the life cycle of oil palm plantations and other tropical ecosystems, in order to support more sustainable management of N.
The Post-COVID-19 Economic Recovery, Government Performance and Lived Poverty Conditions in Kenya
Authors: Onyango Gedion 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe post-COVID-19 era has witnessed intensive engagements on latest datasets on COVID-19 experiences and the need for robust data systems to understand emerging policy pathways. There have also been extensive deliberations on how public organisations can deliver beyond immediate concerns with economic recovery and improved livelihoods. This paper draws insights from the Afrobarometer round 9 dataset on how different African governments' economies have been recovering from COVID-19 and how this has affected citizens' well-being in Kenya. The results show that despite the good recovery progress, the government has yet to stabilise high food prices, inflation, debts, job creation, etc. While national policy priorities may explain how this situation plays out, these challenges remain complex and linked to external factors that African governments may have little control over.
Income Inequality and Political Trust: Do Fairness Perceptions Matter?
Authors: Bobzien Licia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolitical trust—in terms of trust in political institutions—is an important precondition for the functioning and stability of democracy. One widely studied determinant of political trust is income inequality. While the empirical finding that societies with lower levels of income inequality have higher levels of trust is well established, the exact ways in which income inequality affects political trust remain unclear. Past research has shown that individuals oftentimes have biased perceptions of inequality. Considering potentially biased inequality perceptions, I argue that individuals compare their perceptions of inequality to their preference for inequality. If they identify a gap between what they perceive and what they prefer (= fairness gap), they consider their attitudes towards inequality unrepresented. This, in turn, reduces trust in political institutions. Using three waves of the ESS and the ISSP in a cross-country perspective, I find that (1) perceiving a larger fairness gap is associated with lower levels of political trust; (2) the fairness gap mediates the link between actual inequality and political trust; and (3) disaggregating the fairness gap measure, political trust is more strongly linked to variation in inequality perceptions than to variation in inequality preferences. This indicates that inequality perceptions are an important factor shaping trust into political institutions.
Distributions of Mesoscale Periodic Structures in the Elemental and Ionic Composition of the Solar Wind
Authors: Gershkovich Irena , Lepri Susan , Viall Nicholeen , Di Matteo Simone , Kepko Larry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultiple statistical and event studies based onin situobservations have shown that the solar wind contains mesoscale (∼ 100 – 10,000 Mm) periodic structures in the proton number density. Remote observations of such structures and event studies of concurrent variations in composition have demonstrated that they can form in the solar atmosphere and be preserved while advecting outwards through the heliosphere. Viall, Kepko, and Spence (J. Geophys. Res. (Space Phys.)113, A07101, 2008;J. Geophys. Res. (Space Phys.)114, A01201, 2009) and Kepko, Viall, and Wolfinger (J. Geophys. Res. (Space Phys.)125(8), e28037, 2020) have reported that periodic proton density structures preferentially occur at specific radial length scales and have published their distributions from Wind measurements near L1. Here, we conduct a statistical study of 14 years (1998 – 2011) of 12-minute composition data measured by the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer instrument aboard the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft. We found that the elemental and ionic composition also contain statistically significant mesoscale periodic structures and, for the first time, present occurrence distributions for elemental abundance ratios with low, intermediate, and high first ionization potentials as well as for key solar wind charge states. These distributions set important constraints on solar wind formation in general and the formation of periodic mesoscale solar wind structures specifically, as the elemental and ionic composition are known to be determined at the Sun and to not evolve during advection.
The Ionospheric Connection Explorer - Prime Mission Review
Authors: Immel Thomas J. , England Scott L. , Harding Brian J. , Wu Yen-Jung , Maute Astrid , Cullens Chihoko , Englert Christoph R. , Mende Stephen B. , Heelis Roderick A. , Frey Harald U. , Korpela Eric J. , Stephan Andrew W. , Frey Sabine , Stevens Michael H. , Makela Jonathan J. , Kamalabadi Farzad , Triplett Colin C. , Forbes Jeffrey M. , McGinness Emma , Gasque L. Claire , Harlander John M. , Gérard Jean-C. , Hubert Benoit , Huba Joseph D. , Meier Robert R. , Roberts Bryce 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe two-year prime mission of the NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) is complete. The baseline operational and scientific objectives have been met and exceeded, as detailed in this report. In October of 2019, ICON was launched into an orbit that provides its instruments the capability to deliver near-continuous measurements of the densest plasma in Earth’s space environment. Through collection of a key set of in-situ and remote sensing measurements that are, by virtue of a detailed mission design, uniquely synergistic, ICON enables completely new investigations of the mechanisms that control the behavior of the ionosphere-thermosphere system under both geomagnetically quiet and active conditions. In a two-year period that included a deep solar minimum, ICON has elucidated a number of remarkable effects in the ionosphere attributable to energetic inputs from the lower and middle atmosphere, and shown how these are transmitted from the edge of space to the peak of plasma density above. The observatory operated in a period of low activity for 2 years and then for a year with increasing solar activity, observing the changing balance of the impacts of lower and upper atmospheric drivers on the ionosphere.
Epistemological Foundations of Intercultural Education: Contributions from Raimon Panikkar
Authors: Espinosa Zárate Zaida 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present article explores the epistemological conditions of intercultural encounters. Based on an analysis of Raimon Panikkar's intercultural hermeneutics, we argue that intercultural encounters cannot take place adequately when they are based on purelyrhetoricalrationality or rationalpersuasion. We point to the limitations of grounding intercultural relationships on dialectical dialogue and, therefore, of educating them by simply enhancing discursive capacities. We underline the need for other epistemological conditions that should be fostered in order to move forward on the path to actual interculturality. These can be summarised by what Panikkar calls "conversion", an epistemic framework of love—personalrelationality, that goes beyondobjectifyingrationality—for the communication between (culturally different) subjects. We conclude that the culturally diverse human condition refers to being encountered and being understood on a level that is not merely logical or linguistic. What can be understood of a person with another cultural background goes beyond what can be comprehended by logical rationality or captured byveritativejudgements about objects. In other words, in intercultural encounters,ontological, rather than merely logical truth is at stake, which means that the presence of the other can lead to experiences of meaning: it reveals a being that calls for conversion. Conversion demands anonticaction on the part of the subject, not merely an epistemological one, that cancels the violence that rational persuasion might entail.
Mind the gap: Early-career teachers’ level of preparedness, professional development, working conditions, and feelings of distress
Authors: Admiraal Wilfried , Kittelsen Røberg Karl-Ingar , Wiers-Jenssen Jannecke , Saab Nadira 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the first years of a teaching career, teachers experience high levels of distress, and the attrition rate appears to be high. Early-career teachers do not always feel well prepared for their job and feel insufficient support during their first experiences as a teacher. Induction programs, professional development, and school support could equip early-career teachers with the additional teaching repertoire they need and improve their well-being. The current study aimed to contribute insights into the importance of the level of preparedness, professional development, and working conditions for early-career teachers’ well-being. Based on multi-level regression analysis of TALIS 2018 data of more than 77,000 teachers in 24 European countries, the impact of the level of preparedness, professional development, and working conditions have been examined on teachers’ feelings of distress during their first years of teaching. Early-career teachers have been divided into two groups: novice teachers (with no more than 2 years of teaching experience) and advanced beginners (with between 2 and 5 years of teaching experience). These two groups were compared with mid-and late-career teachers (with more than 5 years of teaching experience). Level of preparedness and professional development variables were only weakly related to teachers’ feelings of distress, whereas working conditions were strongly related to early-career teachers’ feelings of distress. In particular, high workload and classroom discipline issues were strongly and positively related to teachers’ feelings of distress. Differences between the two early-career teacher groups and the group of mid- and late-career teachers were marginal. Yet, additional research is needed into the quality and the variety of initial teacher education and induction programs to come to more rigorous conclusions about the potential effects of different programs.
The role of confidence in knowledge ascriptions: an evidence-seeking approach
Authors: Francis Kathryn B. , Beaman C. Philip 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo methods have been used in the investigation of the stakes-sensitivity of knowledge as it occurs in ordinary language: (a) asking participants about the truth or acceptability of knowledge ascriptions and (b) asking participants how much evidence someone needs to gather before they know that something is the case. This second, “evidence-seeking”, method has reliably found effects of stakes-sensitivity while the method of asking about knowledge ascriptions has not. Consistent with this pattern, in Francis et al. (Ergo, 2019), we found evidence of scalar stakes effects using an evidence-seeking approach. Whilst we found this evidence across several cases using both negative (“don’t know”) and positive (“know”) polarities, there remain questions about the directness of the relationship between stakes and knowledge ascriptions; it is possible that stakes are affecting knowledge by affecting the confidence of the attributor. For example, Bach (in: Peter & Preyer, 2005) has argued that knowledge attributions do not track truth attributions but rather thresholds for doxastic confidence. To investigate the role of confidence in knowledge ascriptions, we use our existing paradigm (Francis et al., 2019) but include measures of both participant and protagonist confidence. As far as we are aware, this is the first empirical investigation of the role of confidence in stakes effects on knowledge that incorporates an evidence-seeking approach using several scenarios. Overall, across both positive (“know”) and negative (“don’t know”) polarity conditions, we find further evidence of a stakes effect on knowledge using an evidence-seeking paradigm. However, and importantly, we do not find evidence that changes in participant confidence partially or fully mediate the stakes effect on knowledge.
Selenium preserves cytosolic-Ca2+ homeostasis in olive callus cells during oxidative stress
Authors: Del Pino Alberto M. , Regni Luca , Reale Lara , Micheli Maurizio , Datti Alessandro , Proietti Primo , Palmerini Carlo A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSelenium (Se) is not essential for plant nutrition, however, growing evidence suggests a role of this element against oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the antioxidant effect of Se in an experimental system consisting of suspensions of olive callus cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Due to the disruptive capacity of oxidative stress on cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis, Se treatments were simply and effectively assessed with cytosolic Ca2+ measurements. Se did not alter cell morphology, nor interfered with fluorometric determinations, suggesting a suitable model for monitoring alterations of cytosolic Ca2+. Furthermore, we used thapsigargin (TG), a known inhibitor of the Ca2+-ATPases of the endoplasmic reticulum, to establish whether Se had a specific impact on oxidative stress. We found that Se antagonized H2O2-mediated perturbations of cytosolic Ca2+, but was unable to offset TG-mediated disruptions. We conclude that Se merits consideration in strategies designed to tackle abiotic stress leading to oxidative insults.
Supporting AI-powered real-time cyber-physical systems on heterogeneous platforms via hypervisor technology
Authors: Cittadini Edoardo , Marinoni Mauro , Biondi Alessandro , Cicero Giorgiomaria , Buttazzo Giorgio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe heavy use of machine learning algorithms in safety-critical systems poses serious questions related to safety, security, and predictability issues, requiring novel architectural approaches to guarantee such properties. This paper presents an architecture solution that leverages heterogeneous platforms and virtualization technologies to support AI-powered applications consisting of modules with mixed criticalities and safety requirements. The hypervisor exploits the security features of the Xilinx ZCU104 MPSoCs to create two isolated execution environments: a high performance domain running deep learning algorithms under the Linux operating system and a safety-critical domain running control and monitoring functions under the freeRTOS real-time operating system. The proposed approach is validated by a use case consisting of an unmanned aerial vehicle capable of tracking moving targets using a deep neural network accelerated on the FGPA available on the platform.