bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving ONe WD+He WD systems to ultra-compact X-ray binaries
Authors: Liu D , Wang B 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTIt has been proposed that accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of massive white-dwarfs (WDs) is an indispensable path for the formation of neutron star (NS) binaries. Although there are still no direct evidence for the existence of AIC events, several kinds of NS systems are suggested to originate from the AIC processes. One of the representative evidence is the detection of the strong magnetic field and slow spin NSs with ultra-light companions (${\le}0.1\, \rm M_{\odot }$) in close orbits. However, previous studies cannot explain the formation of AIC events with such low-mass companions. In the present work, we evolve a series of ONe WD+He WD systems to the formation of AIC events (named as the He WD donor channel), and the NS binaries behave as ultra-compact X-ray binaries when the He WDs refill their Roche lobes. We found that the ONe WD+He WD systems a possible channel for the formation of the newly formed NS+ultra-light companion systems just after the AIC event. Although there are some other inconsistent properties, the detected companion mass and orbital period of 4U 1626–67 (one of the newly formed NS binaries with ultra-light companions) can be reproduced by the He WD donor channel. In addition, combined with previous asteroseismology results, we speculate that an UCXB source (XTE J1751−305) may originate from the He WD donor channel.
Processing of hydroxylamine, NH2OH, an important prebiotic precursor, on interstellar ices
Authors: Molpeceres Germán , Rivilla Víctor M , Furuya Kenji , Kästner Johannes , Maté Belén , Aikawa Yuri 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Hydroxylamine, NH2OH, is one of the already detected interstellar molecules with the highest prebiotic potential. Yet, the abundance of this molecule found by astronomical observations is rather low for a relatively simple molecule, ∼10−10 relative to H2. This seemingly low abundance can be rationalized by destruction routes operating on interstellar dust grains. In this work, we tested the viability of this hypothesis under several prisms, finding that the origin of a lower abundance of NH2OH can be explained by two chemical processes, one operating at low temperature (10 K) and the other at intermediate temperature (20 K). At low temperatures, enabling the hydrogen abstraction reaction HNO + H → NO + H2, even in small amounts, partially inhibits the formation of NH2OH through successive hydrogenation of NO, and reduces its abundance on the grains. We found that enabling a 15–30 per cent of binding sites for this reaction results in reductions of NH2OH abundance of approximately one to two orders of magnitude. At warmer temperatures (20 K, in our study), the reaction NH2OH + H → HNOH + H2, which was found to be fast (k ∼ 106 s−1) in this work, followed by further abstractions by adsorbates that are immobile at 10 K (O, N) are the main route of NH2OH destruction. Our results shed light on the abundance of hydroxylamine in space and pave the way to constraining the subsequent chemistry experienced by this molecule and its derivatives in the interstellar prebiotic chemistry canvas.
Hybrid Immunity Provides Protective Advantage Over Vaccination or Prior Remote Coronavirus Disease 2019 Alone
Authors: Virk Abinash , Johnson Matthew G , Roellinger Daniel L , Scott Christopher G , Sampathkumar Priya , Breeher Laura E , Swift Melanie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
The protective efficacy of prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with or without vaccination remains unknown. This study sought to understand if 2 or more messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine doses provide additional protection in patients with prior infection, or if infection alone provides comparable protection.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the risk of COVID-19 from 16 December 2020 through 15 March 2022, among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients of all ages with and without prior infection. A Simon-Makuch hazard plot illustrated the incidence of COVID-19 between groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association of demographics, prior infection, and vaccination status with new infection.

Results
Among 101 941 individuals with at least 1 COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test prior to 15 March 2022, 72 361 (71.0%) received mRNA vaccination and 5957 (5.8%) were previously infected. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was substantially higher throughout the study period for those previously uninfected and unvaccinated, and lowest for those previously infected and vaccinated. After accounting for age, sex, and the interaction between vaccination and prior infection, a reduction in reinfection risk was noted during the Omicron and pre-Omicron phases of 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8%–41%; P = .0065) to 36% (95% CI, 10%–54%; P = .0108), respectively, among previously infected and vaccinated individuals, compared to previously infected subjects without vaccination.

Conclusions
Vaccination was associated with lower risk of COVID-19, including in those with prior infection. Vaccination should be encouraged for all including those with prior infection, especially as new variants emerge and variant-specific booster vaccines become available.
Clinical Outcomes With Extended Versus Intermittent Infusion of Anti-Pseudomonal Beta-Lactams in Patients With Gram-Negative Bacteremia
Authors: Tran Nikki N , Mynatt Ryan P , Kaye Keith S , Zhao Jing J , Pogue Jason M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Administration of doses via an extended infusion (EI) is an important strategy to optimize beta-lactams. Available data on the impact of EI on outcomes largely focus on clinical cure or mortality in critically ill patients or those with resistant pathogens. The potential benefits of EI extend beyond these populations and outcomes, and further study is warranted.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who received cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, or meropenem for Gram-negative bacteremia via EI or intermittent infusion. Patients were matched 1:1 based on study drug, sepsis severity, intensive care unit (ICU) status, bacteremia source, and pathogen. Outcomes assessed included time to clinical stabilization, rates of treatment failure, mortality, recurrence, and length of stay (LOS).

Results
Two hundred sixty-eight patients were included. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Forty-two percent of patients were in the ICU at infection onset and the most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (41%). After adjusting for residual differences between groups, receipt of EI was independently associated with shorter time to clinical stability (adjusted odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, .22–.47), time to defervescence, and time to white blood cell count normalization. Furthermore, EI was associated with a lower incidence of treatment failure, decreased recurrence of bacteremia, and shorter LOS. There was no difference in mortality. These findings were consistent regardless of patient location (ICU vs ward), baseline renal function, source of bacteremia, or study drug received.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that EI beta-lactams are an important stewardship strategy to improve clinical outcomes in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia.
Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Outpatient Visits and Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons, January–November 2021: A Test-Negative Case-Control Analysis Using Surveillance Data
Authors: Lutz Chelsea S , Hartman Rachel M , Vigil Deionna E , Britton Amadea , Burrage Amanda B , Campbell Angela P , Close Ryan M , Desnoyers Christine , Dobson Jennifer , Garcia Starla , Halasa Natasha , Honie Elvira , Kobayashi Miwako , McMorrow Meredith , Mostafa Heba H , Parker Dennie , Pohl Kyle , Prill Mila M , Richards Jennifer , Roessler Kristen C , Sutcliffe Catherine G , Taylor Kim , Swango-Wilson Amy , Va Puthiery , Verani Jennifer R , Singleton Rosalyn J , Hammitt Laura L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite the disproportionate morbidity and mortality experienced by American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, few studies have reported vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates among these communities.

Methods
We conducted a test-negative case-control analysis among AI/AN persons aged ≥12 years presenting for care from January 1, 2021, through November 30, 2021, to evaluate the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations. Cases and controls were patients with ≥1 symptom consistent with COVID-19-like illness; cases were defined as those test-positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and controls were defined as those test-negative for SARS-CoV-2. We used unconditional multivariable logistic regression to estimate VE, defined as 1 minus the adjusted odds ratio for vaccination among cases vs controls.

Results
The analysis included 207 cases and 267 test-negative controls. Forty-four percent of cases and 78% of controls received 2 doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. VE point estimates for 2 doses of mRNA vaccine were higher for hospitalized participants (94.6%; 95% CI, 88.0–97.6) than outpatient participants (86.5%; 95% CI, 63.0–95.0), but confidence intervals overlapped.

Conclusions
Among AI/AN persons, mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were highly effective in preventing COVID-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations. Maintaining high vaccine coverage, including booster doses, will reduce the burden of disease in this population.
Neuro-cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent individual with radiologically atypical findings: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Regmi Binit U , Pathak Bishnu D , Subedi Ram C , Dhakal Bishal , Sapkota Suhail , Joshi Sushil , Poudel Ujjawal , Poudel Raju 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe present a case of a 29-year-old immunocompetent female without any known comorbidities with intermittent headache and vomiting who was ultimately diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis (CM). Though her neuroimaging findings were atypical to those commonly found in CM, she was diagnosed with CM with a cryptococcal antigen test. However, in contrast to the good prognosis as stated in the literature, she died during her course stay at the hospital. Therefore, cryptococcosis should be taken as differentials, even in an immunocompetent individual presenting with features suggestive of meningitis, to prevent the worst clinical outcome.
Low-cost informational intervention reduced drinking water arsenic exposure in Bangladesh
Authors: Reddy Raghav R , van Velden Grace A , Abedin Md Joynul , Karim Md Rezaul , Hayes Kim F , Agrawal Arun , Raskin Lutgarde 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThirty million Bangladeshis continue to drink water with unacceptable levels of arsenic (&gt;10 μg/L), resulting in a large public health burden. The vast majority of the Bangladeshi population relies on private wells, and less than 12% use piped water, increasing the complexity of mitigation efforts. While mass testing and informational campaigns were successful in the early 2,000 s, they have received little attention in recent years, even though the number of wells in the country has likely more than doubled. We investigated the effect of a low-cost (&lt;USD 10/household) informational intervention on reducing arsenic exposure through a randomized control trial design. The sample size was ∼10% of the study area households, and the intervention provided exposure awareness material, the arsenic concentration of the household's drinking water, and information about alternate water sources nearby with improved water quality. The informational intervention lowered household arsenic exposure (P = 0.0002), with an average reduction in arsenic levels of ∼60%. Approximately one third of the study households requested to test an additional water source at no cost. Providing the intervention a second time led to more households changing their water source but did not further reduce exposure (P = 0.39). Our study establishes a causal relationship between the informational intervention and the observed reduction in household arsenic exposure. Our findings demonstrate that water testing and recommendations for accessing improved water provide an immediate, effective, and inexpensive means of reducing the public health burden of arsenic exposure in Bangladesh.
Diagnosis of septic arthritis in the acute care setting: the value of routine intra-operative sample culture
Authors: Shamdasani Pallavi , Liew David F L , Nohrenberg Michael , Leroi Marcel M , McMaster Christopher , Owen Claire E , Hardidge Andrew , Buchanan Russell R C 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveDiagnosing septic arthritis can be challenging and frequently involves clinical assessment, laboratory investigations and synovial fluid analysis. We sought to determine the utility of synovial aspiration and intra-operative synovial fluid and tissue culture for the accurate diagnosis of septic arthritis.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective review of the records of patients referred to a tertiary orthopaedic unit with possible septic arthritis between 2015 and 2019 inclusive, including clinical and laboratory data for this cohort study. Performance characteristics were determined for synovial aspiration, intra-operative synovial fluid and tissue culture in diagnosing expert review-determined true septic arthritis. Concordance between discharge diagnosis, antibiotic prescribing and true septic arthritis was determined.ResultsOf 268 patients identified with suspected septic arthritis, 143 underwent both synovial fluid aspiration and intra-operative synovial fluid and tissue biopsy culture. True septic arthritis was not differentiated significantly by laboratory parameters including serum white cell count (WCC), CRP or synovial WCC. Considering only patients with negative pre-operative synovial aspirate cultures, intra-operative samples led to diagnosis of true septic arthritis in 6 of 63 patients [number needed to treat (NNT) 10.5]. For all patients sampled in theatre, positive synovial tissue biopsy was the only evidence of true septic arthritis in six (NNT 23.9). Despite insufficient microbiological evidence, 27 of the 59 patients who did not have septic arthritis received a discharge diagnosis of septic arthritis, 26 of whom were discharged with antibiotics.ConclusionIntra-operative sample collection, particularly tissue biopsy, increases the likelihood of a true septic arthritis diagnosis. Such measures might help to reduce diagnostic ambiguity in clinical practice and might therefore reduce overtreatment.
Clinical phenotype in scleroderma patients based on autoantibodies
Authors: Santos Cristiana Sieiro , Morales Clara Moriano , Castro Carolina Álvarez , Álvarez Elvira Díez 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to characterize the clinical phenotype of patients with SSc based on autoantibodies (topoisomerase antibody (Scl-70), ACA and ANA).MethodsWe included patients with SSc who fulfilled the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria, with disease duration ≤15 years. Six groups of patients were defined: ACA-lcSSC, Scl-70-lcSSc, ANA-lcSSc, Scl-70-dcSSc, ANA-dcSSc and ACA-dcSSc patients. We compared the different groups of patients. In the ANA subgroup, we included patients negative for SSc-specific antibodies (Scl-70 and ACA). We assessed the following: risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD), myositis, scleroderma renal crisis, cardiac involvement, gastrointestinal involvement, pulmonary hypertension, treatment, cancer and all-cause mortality.ResultsOne hundred and thirteen SSc patients were included: 72 (64%) females, 82 (73%) lcSSc and 31 (27%) dcSSc. Among patients with lcSSc, 43 (52%) were ACA+, 16 (19%) Scl-70+ and 23 (28%) ANA+, and among patients with dcSSc, 13 (42%) patients were Scl-70+, 11 (35%) ANA+ and 7 (23%) ACA+. Scl-70-lcSSc patients had a significantly shorter time from RP to SSc diagnosis (P = 0.04), higher CRP (P = 0.04), renal scleroderma crisis (P = 0.02), ILD (P = 0.03) and diastolic dysfunction (P = 0.04) than ANA-lcSSc patients. Scl-70-dcSSc patients had a higher rate of myositis (P = 0.04), renal crisis (P = 0.03), CRP elevation (P = 0.002), ILD (P = 0.04), pericardial effusion (P = 0.03) and cancer (P = 0.04) than ANA-dcSSc patients. The risk of ILD was higher in Scl-70 patients during the first 10 years than in ACA+ and ANA+ patients (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). The risk of major organ involvement was higher in Scl-70+ patients, followed by ANA+ and ACA+ patients, throughout 15 years of follow-up. All-cause mortality was higher in dcSSc patients than in lcSSc patients, but no differences were found regarding antibody positivity.ConclusionWe have characterized the clinical phenotype of patients based on autoantibodies: Scl-70 patients show the greatest risk of major organ involvement, followed by ANA+ patients and ACA+ patients. The risk of ILD in Scl-70+ patients suggests that these patients should be monitored closely, irrespective of skin involvement. These results might provide new ways to help with the early diagnosis and management and in assessment of the prognosis of the disease.
In vitroangiogenesis in response to biomaterial properties for bone tissue engineering: a review of the state of the art
Authors: Ellermann Else , Meyer Nima , Cameron Ruth E , Best Serena M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBone tissue engineering (BTE) aims to improve the healing of bone fractures using scaffolds that mimic the native extracellular matrix. For successful bone regeneration, scaffolds should promote simultaneous bone tissue formation and blood vessel growth for nutrient and waste exchange. However, a significant challenge in regenerative medicine remains the development of grafts that can be vascularized successfully. Amongst other things, optimization of physicochemical conditions of scaffolds is key to achieving appropriate angiogenesis in the period immediately following implantation. Calcium phosphates and collagen scaffolds are two of the most widely studied biomaterials for BTE, due to their close resemblance to inorganic and organic components of bone, respectively, and their bioactivity, tunable biodegradability and the ability to produce tailored architectures. While various strategies exist to enhance vascularization of these scaffolds in vivo, further in vitro assessment is crucial to understand the relation between physicochemical properties of a biomaterial and its ability to induce angiogenesis. While mono-culture studies can provide evidence regarding cell–material interaction of a single cell type, a co-culture procedure is crucial for assessing the complex mechanisms involved in angiogenesis. A co-culture more closely resembles the natural tissue both physically and biologically by stimulating natural intercellular interactions and mimicking the organization of the in vivo environment. Nevertheless, a co-culture is a complex system requiring optimization of various parameters including cell types, cell ratio, culture medium and seeding logistics. Gaining fundamental knowledge of the mechanism behind the bioactivity of biomaterials and understanding the contribution of surface and architectural features to the vascularization of scaffolds, and the biological response in general, can provide an invaluable basis for future optimization studies. This review gives an overview of the available literature on scaffolds for BTE, and trends are extracted on the relationship between architectural features, biochemical properties, co-culture parameters and angiogenesis.
Feasibility of canakinumab withdrawal in colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Sener Seher , Cam Veysel , Batu Ezgi Deniz , Kasap Cuceoglu Muserref , Balik Zeynep , Aliyev Emil , Bayindir Yagmur , Basaran Ozge , Bilginer Yelda , Ozen Seza 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
There is no consensus on canakinumab treatment tapering and discontinuation strategies in colchicine-resistant FMF patients. In this study, we aimed to establish a treatment management and discontinuation protocol in paediatric FMF patients treated with canakinumab.

Methods
Fifty-eight FMF patients treated with canakinumab were included. Since 2020, we have applied a protocol based on our experience whereby canakinumab is administered monthly in the first 6 months, followed by bimonthly for 6 months, and a final period of every 3 months (for 6 months). The patients were divided into two groups: 2012–2019 (group A) and 2020–2022 (group B).

Results
In group A (n = 33), the median duration of canakinumab treatment was 2.5 years [interquartile range (IQR) 1.9–3.7]. A total of 25 of 33 patients discontinued canakinumab after a median of 2.1 years (IQR 1.8–3.4). In two patients, canakinumab was restarted because of relapse. In group B (n = 25), canakinumab was discontinued in 18 patients at the end of 18 months. After a median follow-up of 0.8 years (IQR 0.6–1.1), two patients had a relapse and canakinumab treatment was reinitiated. The remaining 16 patients still have clinically inactive disease and are receiving only colchicine. When we compared the characteristics between groups A and B, there were no significant differences regarding demographics, clinical features, and outcomes.

Conclusion
This is the largest study in the literature suggesting a protocol for discontinuing canakinumab in paediatric FMF patients. It was possible to discontinue canakinumab successfully in more than half of the patients in 18 months. Thus we suggest that this protocol can be used in paediatric FMF patients.
Distraction and cognitive control independently impact parietal and prefrontal response to pain
Authors: Silvestrini Nicolas , Corradi-Dell’Acqua Corrado 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have found that distracting someone through a challenging activity leads to hypoalgesia, an effect mediated by parietal and prefrontal processes. Other studies suggest that challenging activities affect the ability to regulate one’s aching experiences, due to the partially common neural substrate between cognitive control and pain at the level of the medial prefrontal cortex. We investigated the effects of distraction and cognitive control on pain by delivering noxious stimulations during or after a Stroop paradigm (requiring high cognitive load) or a neutral condition. We found less-intense and unpleasant subjective pain ratings during (compared to after) task execution. This hypoalgesia was associated with enhanced activity at the level of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the posterior parietal cortex, which also showed negative connectivity with the insula. Furthermore, multivariate pattern analysis revealed that distraction altered the neural response to pain, by making it more similar to that associated with previous Stroop tasks. All these effects were independent of the nature of the task, which, instead, led to a localized neural modulation around the anterior cingulate cortex. Overall, our study underscores the role played by two facets of human executive functions, which exert an independent influence on the neural response to pain.