bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative characteristics of the striking distance to wind turbine blades based on an improved stochastic lightning model
Authors: Bian Xiaoyan , Wu Yong , Zhou Qibin , Jiang Ruijiao , Zhang Yao , Chen Lyuwen , Qi Qi , Lyu Weitao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe damage of wind turbines suffered from lightning strikes has been a key issue for the safe and reliable operation of wind farms. Accurate determination of the annual lightning flash number to a wind turbine is essential for designing proper lightning protection measures. The interaction of downward and multiple upward leaders (MULs) is studied in this paper, which also considers the stochastic nature and branched behaviour of the lightning attachment phenomenon. Firstly, with an improved stochastic lightning model, the relationship among the striking distance, the height of wind turbines and the return stroke current is established. Moreover, a modified method for predicting the annual lightning flash number strikes to a wind turbine is proposed. The simulation results show that the striking distance and the collection area not only depend on the return stroke current, but also on the height and blade angle. Besides, the comparations between the calculation results and field statistics indicate that the conventional electric geometry model is not satisfied with the need of lightning protection for wind turbines. Note that there is only a difference of 4% between the modified method and the observation value. These quantitative researches provide the guidance of calculation results for the optimization of the blade lightning protection system (LPS) design.
Suppression to concurrent commutation failure of UHVDC with hierarchical connection mode based on improved dc current prediction
Authors: Li Shenghu , Li Yikai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor the ultra high‐voltage dc (UHVDC) transmission with hierarchical connection mode (HCM) at the inverter side, local commutation failure (LCF) at one layer after the ac fault may cause concurrent commutation failure (CCF) at the non‐fault layer. The inter‐layer couplings at the ac and dc sides add the difficulty to suppress the CCF. The fault instant may decide the dc current variation during the commutation, which affects the suppression effect. This paper shows the mechanism of the CCF including the inter‐layer ac and dc coupling, and proposes a control method for the inverter at the fault and non‐fault layers. First, an analytical expression among the dc current, ac voltage, and extinction angle of both layers is newly derived to find the dominant factors to the CCF. Second, to improve the calculation accuracy, a three‐point sampling function using Newton interpolation is newly proposed to predict the dc current. Finally, a coordinated control strategy based on the constant extinction area, the overlap‐arc area, and the dominant factor of the CCF is proposed to adjust the firing angle and suppress the CCF. The simulation results using the PSCAD/EMTDC software are given to verify the control effect of the proposed method against the CCF.
QuDiet: A classical simulation platform for qubit‐qudit hybrid quantum systems
Authors: Chatterjee Turbasu , Das Arnav , Bala Subhayu Kumar , Saha Amit , Chattopadhyay Anupam , Chakrabarti Amlan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, numerous research advancements have extended the limit of classical simulation of quantum algorithms. Although, most of the state‐of‐the‐art classical simulators are only limited to binary quantum systems, which restrict the classical simulation of higher‐dimensional quantum computing systems. Through recent developments in higher‐dimensional quantum computing systems, it is realised that implementing qudits improves the overall performance of a quantum algorithm by increasing memory space and reducing the asymptotic complexity of a quantum circuit. Hence, in this article, QuDiet, a state‐of‐the‐art user‐friendly python‐based higher‐dimensional quantum computing simulator is introduced. QuDiet offers multi‐valued logic operations by utilising generalised quantum gates with an abstraction so that any naive user can simulate qudit systems with ease as compared to the existing ones. Various benchmark quantum circuits is simulated in QuDiet and show the considerable speedup in simulation time as compared to the other simulators without loss in precision. Finally, QuDiet provides a full qubit‐qudit hybrid quantum simulator package with quantum circuit templates of well‐known quantum algorithms for fast prototyping and simulation. Comprehensive simulation up to 20 qutrits circuit on depth 80 on QuDiet was successfully achieved. The complete code and packages of QuDiet is available at https://github.com/LegacYFTw/QuDiet.
Optimal design of phase‐locked loop with frequency‐adaptive prefilter based on the accurate small‐signal model
Authors: Xia Yihui , Lei Jiaxing , Zhou Haoran , Guan Qingxin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrequency‐adaptive prefilters are widely used in the phase‐locked loop (PLL) to suppress input disturbances. However, the parameters of the PLL and prefilters are often designed separately or based on an inaccurate model. The positive feedback effect introduced by the frequency adaption (FA) is usually ignored, leading to non‐optimal performance. Based on the accurate small‐signal model with a particular focus on the FA, this paper proposes an optimal design method for these advanced PLLs. The PLL based on dual second‐order generalized integrator (DSOGI) is taken as an example to demonstrate the principle. With different gain margins, the optimal damping factors of DSOGI and PLL, as well as the natural frequency of PLL, are obtained using the proposed method. Then the global optimal parameters are obtained by evaluating the settling time and overshoot. The analysis shows that the truly optimal parameters are quite different with those provided in the literature, and the dynamic performance is significantly enhanced without degrading the steady‐state performance. Experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.
Direction finding by sparse‐based approach for dual‐polarised conformal array in the presence of gain and phase uncertainties
Authors: Liu Chao , Zhang Lei , Qian Junjie , Zhang Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the problem of robust direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation with unknown sensor gain and phase uncertainties. A Dual‐Polarised Regularised Multiple FOCal Underdetermined System Solver is proposed to estimate the 2‐D DOA for the dual‐polarised conformal array. Each polarisation signal is decomposed into two orthogonal components, which are regarded as a pair of coherent signals, and the polarisation parameters are merged into the signal waveform. A sparse‐based method based on the coherent signals block is presented, implementing weight sharing and grid pruning within the block to alleviate the negative influence of the errors. Meanwhile, gain and phase errors are modelled as the equivalent noise, which can be suppressed with the adaptive adjustment for the regularisation parameter. As the insensitivity of the sparse‐based algorithm to coherent signals, the proposed algorithm can realise the blind polarisation 2‐D DOA estimation. The Cramer–Rao bound is derived, and simulations exhibit the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method with the unknown sensor gain and phase uncertainties.
An equivalent model‐based asynchronous dispatch method for clusters of flexible distributed energy resources
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Chunxiao , Su Yinsheng , Wang Siyuan , Li Bao , Ma Qian , Wu Wenchuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the increasing number of flexible distributed energy resources, it is difficult for the distribution network to control various devices directly. Therefore, managing and dispatching the resources in a cluster way is required. This article proposes an equivalent model‐based asynchronous dispatch framework, which is composed of three layers, the distribution network, clusters, and distributed energy resources. With this framework, economic dispatch is carried out with the equivalent models of clusters, simplifying the dispatch problem of the distribution network. The numerical test results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce the calculation time and maintain high accuracy in the economic dispatch problem.
Analyse der Anwendung der intraoperativen photodynamischen Diagnostik beim Harnblasenkarzinom
Authors: Albarghouth Mohamad Hatem , Hamza Amir 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die photodynamische Diagnostik (PDD) findet weit verbreitet Anwendung zur Diagnostik und Therapie der oberflächlichen Harnblasenkarzinome. Wir untersuchten diese Methode hinsichtlich ihres Effekts auf die Rezidiv-Rate, Residualtumor-Rate und das progressionsfreie Überleben.
Material und Methoden Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Studie mit einem Kollektiv von 98 Patienten, die im Zeitraum von 10/2014 bis 02/2018 wegen eines primären Harnblasentumors entweder per WL-TURB (Weißlichttransurethrale Resektion des Harnblasentumors) (49 Patienten) oder BL-TURB (Blaulicht-transurethrale Resektion des Harnblasentumors) mit PDD (49 Patienten) operiert wurden. Die Patienten wurden bis Ende des ersten Beobachtungsjahres auf das Auftreten von Tumorrezidiven geprüft. Weiterhin wurden das 3-Monats- sowie 1-Jahres-rezidivfreie-Überleben sowie das 1 Jahres-progressionsfreie Überleben unter der neuen Definition der Progression nach EORTC-Risikoklassifizierung von Sylvester 2006 bestimmt. Zudem wurde die Residualtumor-Rate bei der Nachresektion dargestellt.
Ergebnisse Es konnten folgende Ergebnisse unabhängig vom Alter, Geschlecht und histologischen Befund dargestellt werden.: Residualtumor: Blaulicht-Gruppe 13,95% vs. Weißlicht-Gruppe 32,6%, (p 0,02, OR 3,8, CI 95% [1,17–12,85]); 3-Monats-rezidivfreies-Überleben: Blaulicht-Gruppe 87,7% vs. Weißlicht-Gruppe 67,4% (p 0,02, HR 3,18, CI 95% [1,20–8,42]); 1-Jahres-rezidivfreies-Überleben: Blaulicht-Gruppe 77,6% vs. Weißlicht-Gruppe 55,1% (p 0,015.HR 2,56, CI 95% [1,20–5,45]); 1-Jahres-progressionfreies-Überleben: Blaulicht-Gruppe 95,9% vs. Weißlicht-Gruppe 79,6%, p 0,03.HR 5,23, CI 95% [1,11–24,53]).
Schlussfolgerung Bei der Verwendung von Hexaminolevulinat im Vergleich mit der Weißlichtzystoskopie wird das Risiko für Residualtumoren signifikant gesenkt. Das 3- sowie 12-Monats-rezidivfreie Überleben, insbesondere bei Tumoren mit niedrigem- sowie mittlerem Risiko und das 1-Jahres-progressionsfreie-Überleben, insbesondere bei den Hoch-Risiko-Tumoren, werden signifikant verlängert.
Principle and Mechanism of Double Eyelid Formation
Authors: Cho Inchang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSome of Asian eyelids have double fold and some do not. Many people tend to prefer double eyelid in aesthetic and functional reasons. Since the mechanism of double eyelid is bonding the eyelid skin to the eye-opening tissue, the principle of double eyelid surgery is also connecting the eyelid skin to levator component. Double eyelids are differentiated by their shape according to the height and curvature. The double eyelid surgery procedure is divided into incision method and nonincision method. And the incision method is subdivided into double fold line design, skin and oculi muscle incision or excision, pretarsal or preaponeurotic soft tissue excision, fixation of posterior lamella to anterior lamella, and skin suture. The nonincision method is to connect the posterior lamella and the anterior lamella as a thread only without an incision. A successful double eyelid surgery creates a fold well-balanced in height, curvature, and depth of the fold based on patient's preference. In this article, the author's own methods of performing surgery are described, with a step-by-step guide and surgical tips.
Human Bites Over Nose: Management and Reconstruction
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Aggarwal Krittika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Human bite wounds in emergency department need evaluation in regard of reconstruction. These are due to occlusive bite injuries over face. Most commonly, human bites over face involve ear and nose, and may lead to avulsion injury. Defects over nose can be reconstructed immediately after debridement or delayed till the wound heals and scar becomes supple. Thorough wash and lavage with broad- spectrum antibiotic cover has utmost importance in preventing cartilage infection.
Methods We report 20 cases of human bite injuries over nose who presented to us in emergency department between 2018 and 2020. At the time of presentation the wound was assessed for closure. If not possible, patient was planned for delayed reconstruction after 3 months. In case delayed reconstruction was planned, the skin and nasal mucosa were approximated at first presentation. The patients underwent paramedian forehead flap after recreation of defect with conchal cartilage graft. Second stage of flap detachment and insetting was done after 3 weeks. After three weeks of second stage, third stage of flap thinning was done. Patients were followed for 3-6 months and subjective satisfaction was noted.
Results Nineteen patients underwent delayed staged reconstruction with paramedian forehead flap and one underwent primary wound closure. The flap survival was 100%. The patient satisfaction was excellent in most cases.
Conclusion We recommend delayed reconstruction for human bite nasal injuries. For reconstruction, paramedian forehead flap with conchal cartilage graft, if required, provides excellent reconstructive option with good contour and color match and minimal donor site scar.
Orthognathic Surgery as Class III Skeletal Treatment in a 31-Year-Old Female with Mandible Prognathism: A Case Report
Authors: Sadputranto Seto Adiantoro , Setiawan Arlette Suzy , Maskoen Ani Melani , Laviana Avi , Sjamsudin Endang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMandible prognathism or malocclusion skeletal class III is facial deformities. These deformities can affect orofacial function, such as mastication, speech, and function of the temporomandibular joint. Besides the physical effects of these deformities, the psychosocial impact on the individual is often essential, and such deformities can affect the quality of life and self-confidence. Orthognathic surgery is designed to correct these deformities because these deformities could not have been corrected by only orthodontic treatment. Therefore, at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, orthognathic surgery is the treatment choice for mandibular prognathism or malocclusion skeletal class III. In this case report, we present a 31-year-old female with mandibular prognathism, difficulty in closing her mouth and anterior open bite. Surgery was performed by Le Fort 1 osteotomy for advancing maxilla and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for setback mandible. Two weeks after surgery, patient came back to the orthodontic department for occlusion treatment.
The Relationship between Bone Mineral Densitometry and Visceral Adiposity Index in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Elmas Halis , Duran Cevdet , Can Mustafa , Tolu Ismet , Guney Ibrahim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective It was aimed to compare visceral adiposity index (VAI) levels in patients with normal bone mineral density (BMD), osteopenia, and osteoporosis.
Methods One hundred twenty postmenopausal women (40 with normal BMD, 40 with osteopenia, and 40 with osteoporosis) between the ages of 50 to 70 years were included in the study. For females, the VAI was calculated using the formula (waist circumference [WC]/[36.58 + (1.89 x body mass index (BMI))]) x (1.52/High-density lipoprotein [HDL]-cholesterol [mmol/L]) x (triglyceride [TG]/0.81 [mmol/L]).
Results The time of menopause from the beginning was similar in all groups. Waist circumference was found to be higher in those with normal BMD than in the osteopenic and osteoporotic groups (p = 0.018 and p < 0.001, respectively), and it was also higher in the osteopenic group than in the osteoporotic group (p = 0.003). Height and body weight, BMI, blood pressure, insulin, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were similar in all groups. Triglyceride levels were found to be higher in the normal BMD group, compared with the osteoporotic group (p = 0.005). The level of VAI was detected as higher in those with normal BMD, compared with the women with osteoporosis (p = 0.002). Additionally, the correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) spine T-scores, WC, VAI, and a negative correlation between DXA spine T-scores and age.
Conclusion In our study, we found higher VAI levels in those with normal BMD, compared with women with osteoporosis. We consider that further studies with a larger sample size will be beneficial in elucidating the entity.
Wearable pulmonary monitoring system with integrated functional lung imaging and chest sound recording: a clinical investigation in healthy subjects
Authors: Frerichs I , Paradiso R , Kilintzis V , Rocha B M , Braun F , Rapin M , Caldani L , Beredimas N , Trechlis R , Suursalu S , Strodthoff C , Pessoa D , Chételat O , Paiva R P , de Carvalho P , Maglaveras N , Weiler N , Wacker J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Current wearable respiratory monitoring devices provide a basic assessment of the breathing pattern of the examined subjects. More complex monitoring is needed for healthcare applications in patients with lung diseases. A multi-sensor vest allowing continuous lung imaging by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and auscultation at six chest locations was developed for such advanced application. The aims of our study were to determine the vest’s capacity to record the intended bio-signals, its safety and the comfort of wearing in a first clinical investigation in healthy adult subjects. Approach. Twenty subjects (age range: 23–65 years) were studied while wearing the vests during a 14-step study protocol comprising phases of quiet and deep breathing, slow and forced full expiration manoeuvres, coughing, breath-holding in seated and three horizontal postures. EIT, chest sound and accelerometer signals were streamed to a tablet using a dedicated application and uploaded to a back-end server. The subjects filled in a questionnaire on the vest properties using a Likert scale. Main results. All subjects completed the full protocol. Good to excellent EIT waveforms and functional EIT images were obtained in 89% of the subjects. Breathing pattern and posture dependent changes in ventilation distribution were properly detected by EIT. Chest sounds were recorded in all subjects. Detection of audible heart sounds was feasible in 44%–67% of the subjects, depending on the sensor location. Accelerometry correctly identified the posture in all subjects. The vests were safe and their properties positively rated, thermal and tactile properties achieved the highest scores. Significance. The functionality and safety of the studied wearable multi-sensor vest and the high level of its acceptance by the study participants were confirmed. Availability of personalized vests might further advance its performance by improving the sensor-skin contact.
Updated constraints on axion-like particles from temporal information in supernova SN1987A gamma-ray data
Authors: Hoof Sebastian , Schulz Lena 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We revise gamma-ray limits on axion-like particles (ALPs) emitted from supernova SN1987A based on Solar Maximum Mission data. We improve and simplify the computation of the expected gamma-ray signal from ALP decays, while also extending it to non-instantaneous ALP emission. For the first time we make use of the temporal information in the data to update the associated ALP-photon coupling limits. For ALP decays, our updated likelihood only mildly affects the limit compared to previous works due to the absorption of gamma rays close to SN1987A. However, for ALP conversions in the Galactic magnetic field, temporal information improves the limit on the ALP-photon coupling by a factor of 1.4.
A center of mass free equation of motion method and its application to 4He
Authors: Veselý P. , De Gregorio G. , Knapp F. , Lo Iudice N. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We report on an upgraded version of the equation of motion phonon method (EMPM) which exploits the singular value decomposition (SVD) of rectangular matrices to decouple completely and exactly the intrinsic from the center of mass (c.m.) translational motion under no restrictions and for an arbitrary single particle (s.p.) basis. Its numerical implementation on 4He illustrates the way such a decoupling is achieved and its important effects on spectra and nuclear response functions.
Study of the one-neutron transfer reaction in 18O + 76Se collision at 275 MeV in the context of the NUMEN project
Authors: Ciraldo Irene , Cappuzzello F. , Cavallaro M. , Carbone D. , Burrello S. , Spatafora A. , Gargano A. , De Gregorio G. , Magaña Vsevolodovna R. I. , Acosta L. , Agodi C. , Amador-Valenzuela P. , Borello-Lewin T. , Brischetto G. A. , Calabrese S. , Calvo D. , Capirossi V. , Chávez Lomeli E. R. , Colonna M. , Delaunay F. , Djapo H. , Eke C. , Finocchiaro P. , Firat S. , Fisichella M. , Foti A. , Hacisalihoglu A. , Iazzi F. , La Fauci L. , Linares R. , Medina N. H. , Moralles M. , Oliveira J. R. B. , Pakou A. , Pandola L. , Petrascu H. , Pinna F. , Russo G. , Santopinto E. , Sgouros O. , Guazzelli M. A. , Solakci S. O. , Soukeras V. , Souliotis G. , Torresi D. , Tudisco S. , Yildirim A. , Zagatto V. A. B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Heavy-ion one-nucleon transfer reactions are promising tools to investigate single-particle configurations in nuclear states, with and without the excitation of the core degrees of freedom. An accurate determination of the spectroscopic amplitudes of these configurations is essential for the study of other direct reactions as well as beta-decays. In this context, the 76Se(18O,17O)77Se one-neutron transfer reaction gives a quantitative access to the relevant single particle orbitals and core polarization transitions built on 76Se. This is particularly relevant, since it provides data-driven information to constrain nuclear structure models for the 76Se nucleus.
The excitation energy spectrum and the differential cross section angular distributions of this nucleon transfer reaction was measured at 275 MeV incident energy for the first time using the MAGNEX large acceptance magnetic spectrometer. The data are compared with calculations based on distorted wave Born approximation and coupled channel Born approximation adopting spectroscopic amplitudes for the projectile and target overlaps derived by large-scale shell model calculations and interacting boson-fermion model.
These reactions are studied in the frame of the NUMEN project. The NUMEN (NUclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless double beta decay) project was conceived at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare–Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) in Catania, Italy, aiming at accessing information about the nuclear matrix elements (NME) of neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) through the study of the heavy-ion induced double charge exchange (DCE) reactions on various 0νββ decay candidate targets. Among these, the 76Se nucleus is under investigation since it is the daughter nucleus of 76Ge in the 0νββ decay process.