bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic and preferential sampling approaches offer integrated perspectives of Italian forest diversity
Authors: Alessi Nicola , Bonari Gianmaria , Zannini Piero , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Agrillo Emiliano , Attorre Fabio , Canullo Roberto , Casella Laura , Cervellini Marco , Chelli Stefano , Di Musciano Michele , Guarino Riccardo , Martellos Stefano , Massimi Marco , Venanzoni Roberto , Zerbe Stefan , Chiarucci Alessandro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimAssessing the performances of different sampling approaches for documenting community diversity may help to identify optimal sampling efforts and strategies, and to enhance conservation and monitoring planning. Here, we used two data sets based on probabilistic and preferential sampling schemes of Italian forest vegetation to analyze the multifaceted performances of the two approaches across three major forest types at a large scale.LocationItaly.MethodsWe pooled 804 probabilistic and 16,259 preferential forest plots as samples of vascular plant diversity across the country. We balanced the two data sets in terms of sizes, plot size, geographical position, and vegetation types. For each of the two data sets, 1000 subsets of 201 random plots were compared by calculating the shared and exclusive indicator species, their overlap in the multivariate space, and the areas encompassed by spatially‐constrained rarefaction curves. We then calculated an index of performance using the ratio between the additional and total information collected by each sampling approach. The performances were tested and evaluated across the three major forest types.ResultsThe probabilistic approach performed better in estimating species richness and diversity of species assemblages, but did not detect other components of the regional diversity, such as azonal forests. The preferential approach outperformed the probabilistic approach in detecting forest‐specialist species and plant diversity hotspots.ConclusionsUsing a novel workflow based on vegetation‐plot exclusivities and commonalities, our study suggests probabilistic and preferential sampling approaches are to be used in combination for better conservation and monitor planning purposes to detect multiple aspects of plant community diversity. Our findings can assist the implementation of national conservation planning and large‐scale monitoring of biodiversity.
Body condition metrics explain fish movement in experimental streams
Authors: Kanno Y. , Locklear M. L. , Platis N. M. , Lewis S. T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBody condition refers to an array of physiological or nutritious states in animals, but body condition is typically measured using a single metric in animal behavior studies. In this paper, we conducted a three‐day laboratory study to evaluate whether metrics of body condition affected movement of wild‐caught creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) at 16 and 22°C. Movement was counted between two circular tanks connected by a straight corridor, which was equipped with a pair of passive integrated transponder antennas. Fish movement was most frequent during periods of darkness in a simulated photoperiod, and more mobile individuals consistently moved more frequently across the 3 days. In general, individuals in better body condition were more mobile than those in poorer condition, and different metrics of body condition affected movement to different degrees. Specifically, per cent weight loss and dry matter content (ratio of wet versus dehydrated weight) were better predictors of movement than weight‐at‐length, which is most typically used as a surrogate of body condition in animals. In addition, body condition and length interacted to affect fish movement, where body condition affected movement of smaller individuals more significantly than that of larger individuals. Body condition effects on activity were similar at 16 and 22°C. This study demonstrates that body condition metrics may not always affect certain behavior in a similar way. Body condition metrics need to be carefully selected when used in the context of animal behavior, and more than a single metric should be tested when feasible.
An experimental framework for quantifying the degree of intraguild predation in omnivorous food webs in the field
Authors: Hsu G.‐C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntraguild predation (IGP) is common in natural and human‐managed systems and plays a critical role in food web dynamics. Although studies have documented the occurrence of IGP across a wide range of predator taxa, quantitative understanding regarding the degree/intensity of IGP remains lacking. I propose an experimental framework combining controlled feeding trials and stable isotope analysis to quantify the degree of IGP in an omnivorous food web in the field consisting of a top predator, a mesopredator, and a shared prey. The degree of IGP is defined as the proportion (in number) of mesopredators consumed in the total diet (shared prey + mesopredator) of top predators. Feeding trials along with stable isotope analysis are used to construct a standard curve of the relationship between the diet composition of top predator and its nitrogen isotope signatures. The nitrogen isotope signatures of field‐collected top predator individuals are then analyzed and interpolated to the standard curve to estimate the degree of IGP in the field. The proposed framework leverages the strengths of different experimental approaches to study trophic interactions, providing a practical tool for quantifying IGP in a more accurate (controlled feeding trials and standard IGP curve) and realistic (stable isotope analysis of field samples) fashion. The current framework can be further extended to food webs involving more complex interactions (e.g., multiple shared prey) and complemented with other approaches (e.g., molecular gut content analysis) to capture a more complete picture of IGP dynamics in the field.
Epistemic Partialism
Authors: Mason Cathy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMost of us are partial to our friends and loved ones: we treat them with special care, and we feel justified in doing so. In recent years, the idea that good friends are also epistemically partial to one another has been popular. Being a good friend, so‐called epistemic partialists suggest, involves being positively biased towards one's friends – that is, involves thinking more highly of them than is warranted by the evidence. In this paper, I outline the concept of epistemic partiality and its relation to non‐epistemic partiality and explore some considerations that speak in favour of and against such partialism in friendships. I finish by suggesting some directions in which this debate could go next.
Chemiexcitation: Mammalian Photochemistry in the Dark†
Authors: Brash Douglas E. , Goncalves Leticia C. P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLight is one way to excite an electron in biology. Another is chemiexcitation, birthing a reaction product in an electronically excited state rather than exciting from the ground state. Chemiexcited molecules, as in bioluminescence, can release more energy than ATP. Excited states also allow bond rearrangements forbidden in ground states. Molecules with low‐lying unoccupied orbitals, abundant in biology, are particularly susceptible. In mammals, chemiexcitation was discovered to transfer energy from excited melanin, neurotransmitters, or hormones to DNA, creating the lethal and carcinogenic cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer. That process was initiated by nitric oxide and superoxide, radicals triggered by ultraviolet light or inflammation. Several poorly understood chronic diseases share two properties: inflammation generates those radicals across the tissue, and cells that die are those containing melanin or neuromelanin. Chemiexcitation may therefore be a pathogenic event in noise‐ and drug‐induced deafness, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's; it may prevent macular degeneration early in life but turn pathogenic later. Beneficial evolutionary selection for excitable biomolecules may thus have conferred an Achilles heel. This review of recent findings on chemiexcitation in mammalian cells also describes the underlying physics, biochemistry, and potential pathogenesis, with the goal of making this interdisciplinary phenomenon accessible to researchers within each field.
Controls on grain‐size distribution in an ancient sand sea
Authors: Bertolini Gabriel , Hartley Adrian J. , Marques Juliana C. , Paim Jhenifer C. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTGrain‐size distribution in deserts is driven by a combination of autogenic controls such as grain abrasion and sorting due to wind transport, and allogenic controls such as provenance and spatial changes in wind‐direction. Downwind grain‐size trends in present day sand seas display contrasting results, with some showing broad downwind fining and sorting (for example, Namib and Hexi) whilst others lack any clear trend (for example, Ténére, Australian and Sinai). To determine the relative importance of autogenic and allogenic controls on grain‐size distribution in sand seas, this study examines the grain‐size distribution along the margins of the Cretaceous Botucatu palaeodesert across an area of >1 000 000 km2. To quantify the main controls on Botucatu palaeodesert grain‐size distribution, this study compares the spatial distribution of grain‐size metrics with: (i) detrital zircon geochronology as a provenance test; (ii) palaeowind patterns as a wind‐regime test; and (iii) three transects along the basin palaeomargins as a downwind abrasion test. Grain‐size dispersion shows an east to west fining pattern, which agrees with provenance control – in contrast to a north–south trend expected for the predominant wind‐regime control. In the north‐east region there is good evidence for downwind fining due to aeolian abrasion – of about 0.4 μm by kilometre, indicating that whilst downwind fining due to abrasion does occur, it is limited by the rounded nature of the available sand and possibly by a mix of different provenance sources. The results suggest that the provenance of the available sand is the primary control on the grain‐size distribution in the Botucatu sand sea and potentially in most large‐scale dune fields.
Unequal foodwork: Situating the sociology of feeding within diet and nutrition disparities
Authors: Fielding‐Singh Priya , Oleschuk Merin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWidespread inequities in diet and nutrition present a pressing public health problem. Sociologists working to illuminate the causes and contours of these inequities often center the role of family foodwork, or the multifaceted domestic labor that supports eating, including planning and preparing meals. Mounting sociological scholarship on foodwork considers how food's meanings are socially patterned to reflect broader social structures, ideologies and institutions that influence their manifestation and families' resources to enact them. Here, we present three core contributions from the sociology of foodwork that can advance essential transdisciplinary conversations around nutrition disparities as well as efforts to tackle these disparities. We lay out how (1) family foodwork is historically rooted in broader structures of capitalist exploitation and women's subordination, and today remains gendered through normative discourses equating “good” feeding with “good” mothering; (2) the moralization of foodwork is buttressed by an ideological context idealizing homecooked meals and lamenting foodwork's decline, and; (3) foodwork—and societal evaluations of it—are shaped and stratified by intersecting gendered, classed, and racial inequalities. After reviewing each contribution and its importance for addressing nutrition inequities, we conclude by advocating for a closer conversation across disciplines and highlighting important future directions for sociologists.
The KLT relation from the tree formula and permutohedron
Authors: Cao Qu , Zhang Liang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we generalize the Nguyen–Spradlin–Volovich–Wen (NSVW) tree formula from the MHV sector to any helicity sector. We find a close connection between the Permutohedron and the KLT relation, and construct a non-trivial mapping between them, linking the amplitudes in the gauge and gravity theories. The gravity amplitude can also be mapped from a determinant followed from the matrix-tree theorem. Besides, we use the binary tree graphs to manifest its Lie structure. In our tree formula, there is an evident Hopf algebra of the permutation group behind the gravity amplitudes. Using the tree formula, we can directly re-derive the soft/collinear limit of the amplitudes.
Electroweak baryogenesis in the CP-violating two-Higgs doublet model
Authors: Basler Philipp , Biermann Lisa , Mühlleitner Margarete , Müller Jonas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecently we presented the upgrade of our code for the calculation of the electroweak phase transition (EWPT) to which now includes the computation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) in the CP-violating 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (C2HDM). In this paper we use to investigate the size of the BAU that is obtained in the C2HDM with the two implemented approaches and to derive the transport equations, by taking into account all relevant theoretical and experimental constraints. We identify similarities and differences in the results computed with the two methods. In particular, we analyse the dependence of the obtained BAU on the parameters relevant for successful baryogenesis. Our investigations allow us to pinpoint future directions for improvements both in the computation of the BAU and in possible avenues taken for model building. Recently, it was argued that the source term in the method vanishes at leading order which would have consequences for the derived BAU in this method.
A universe born in a metastable false vacuum state needs not die
Authors: Urbanowski K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe try to find conditions, the fulfillment of which allows a universe born in a metastable false vacuum state to survive and not to collapse. The conditions found are in the form of inequalities linking the depending on timetinstantaneous decay rate$${\varGamma }(t)$$Γ(t)of the false vacuum state and the Hubble parameterH(t). Properties of the decay rate of a quantum metastable states are discussed and then the possible solutions of the conditions found are analyzed and discussed. Within the model considered it is shown that a universe born in the metastable vacuum state has a very high chance of surviving until very late times if the lifetime,$$\tau _{0}^{F}$$τ0F, of the metastable false vacuum state is much shorter, than the duration of the inflation process. Our analysis shows that the instability of the electroweak vacuum does not have to result in the tragic fate of our Universe leading to its death.
Novel effects of the W-boson mass shift in the 3-3-1 model
Authors: Van Loi Duong , Van Dong Phung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe recent precision measurement of the W-boson mass reveals an exciting hint for the new physics as of the 3-3-1 model. We indicate that the 3-3-1 model contains distinct sources by itself that may cause the W-mass deviation, as measured, such as the tree-level Z-$$Z'$$

Z
′

mixing, the tree-level W-Y and Z-$$Z'$$

Z
′

-X mixings, as well as the non-degenerate gauge vector (X, Y) and new Higgs doublets. We point out that the gauge vector doublet negligibly contributes to this mass shift, whereas the rest of the effects with tree-level mixings governed by Z-$$Z'$$

Z
′

and new Higgs doublets are significant. A discussion of scalar sextet contributions is also given.
A new species and taxonomical and geographical notes on Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: Santos-Silva Antonio , Botero Juan Pablo , Flechtmann Carlos Alberto Hector 
Published: January 2023

Eburodacrys pilicornis Fisher, 1944 is redescribed based on a female from Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul), and new state record for Venezuela and new department record for Colombia are provided. Notes and new state records in Brazil for Tilloglomus spectabile Martins, 1975 are provided. The pronotal shape of Piezocera flavipennis (Zajciw, 1970) is commented on. Piezocera serraticollis Linell, 1897 is synonymized with P. monochroa Bates, 1885 and an updated key to species of Piezocera Audinet-Serville, 1834 is provided. Lepturges (Lepturges) luanae sp. nov. is described from Brazil (Goiás). New geographical records are provided for an additional 17 species belonging to three subfamilies (Cerambycinae, Lamiinae and Lepturinae): Gnomidolon cruciferum (Gounelle, 1909); Microibidion bimaculatum Mehl, Galileo, Martins & Santos-Silva, 2015; Lepturges (Lepturges) centralis Monné, 1978; Lepturges (Lepturges) mattogrossis Gilmour, 1962; Leptostylus perniciosus Monné & Hoffmann, 1981; Urgleptes villiersi Gilmour, 1962; Oreodera bituberculata Bates, 1861; Rosalba smaragdina (Breuning, 1940); Colobothea rubroornata Zajciw, 1962; Aerenea subimpetiginosa Breuning, 1948; Cicuiara nitidula (Bates, 1866); Desmiphora (Desmiphora) crocata Melzer, 1935; Estola acricula Bates, 1866; Gisostola bahiensis Martins & Galileo, 1988; Hypsioma chapadensis Dillon & Dillon, 1945; Lypsimena fuscata Haldeman, 1847; and Strangalia flavocincta (Thomson, 1861).
Nursing assistants’ knowledge, attitudes and training needs regarding urinary incontinence in nursing homes: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Liao Lulu , Feng Hui , Jiao Jingjing , Zhao Yinan , Ning Hongting 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Urinary incontinence is an increasingly common problem, especially among older people in nursing homes. Nursing assistants are the leading workforce in nursing homes, and their knowledge and attitudes regarding urinary incontinence have garnered considerable attention in the context of aging in China. However, most previous studies on this issue have focused on registered nurses. This study aimed to explore nursing assistants’ knowledge, attitudes and training needs with regard to urinary incontinence.

Methods
We conducted a two-part mixed-methods study. After institutional manager approval, we surveyed the knowledge and attitudes of 509 nursing assistants regarding urinary incontinence. We carried out semi-structured interviews with 40 nursing assistants to elicit detailed information on training needs.

Results
In general, knowledge about urinary incontinence was poor (14.00 ± 4.18), although attitudes were primarily positive (35.51 ± 3.19). Most nursing assistants were very willing to learn more about urinary incontinence (93.9%, 478/509), but time constraints and low educational background may be barriers to learning motivation. The three preferred training styles among nursing assistants were face-to-face guidance from a mentor, training combining theory with practice, and online video training.

Conclusions
Chinese nursing assistants had poor knowledge but positive attitudes toward urinary incontinence. Facility managers should focus on developing training and learning mechanisms regarding urinary incontinence. It is important to adopt diverse training styles according to the actual situation of nursing homes.
Oral status is associated with chewing difficulty in Thai older adults: data from a National Oral Health Survey
Authors: Kaewkamnerdpong Issarapong , Harirugsakul Punkanit , Prasertsom Piyada , Vejvithee Warangkana , Niyomsilp Kornkamol , Gururatana Orachad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The number of older adults in Thailand is increasing. Better chewing ability is associated with healthy aging. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the relationship between social backgrounds, dental service utilization, oral status and chewing difficulty, there is no study in Thailand using national oral health data to identify the variables involved with chewing difficulty among Thai older adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the association between oral status, and chewing difficulty, adjusting for social backgrounds, and dental service utilization among Thai older adults.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the eighth Thai National Oral Health Survey (TNOHS). A stratified multi-stage method was used for sample selection. The eighth TNOHS was conducted from June–August 2017. Data were collected using interviews and clinical oral examinations by trained interviewers and trained dentists, respectively. The bivariate analysis, chi-square test was used to explore the associations between social backgrounds, dental service utilization, oral status, and chewing difficulty. Dependent variables with p-values of < 0.2 for their association with independent variables in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multiple logistic regression models.

Results
This study found that older adults with at least 27 teeth (p < 0.05), or at least eight occlusal pairs (p < 0.05) or income exceeding 15,000 baht per month (p < 0.05) were more likely to have less chewing difficulty (p < 0.001), while the elderly who utilized dental services in the past 12 months were associated with more chewing difficulty than those who did not utilize dental services in the past 12 months (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
We suggest that policymakers increase the number of preventive plans and set a goal for more than 20 remaining natural teeth and four posterior occlusal pairs in young and working aged people, especially in the low income group.
Investigation on the application of digital guide templates guided dental implantation in China
Authors: Chen Yunli , Su Baohui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this survey is to investigate the application of digital guide templates (DGTs) across China, and the views and attitudes of oral health professionals toward them.

Methods
This survey was prepared, distributed, and collected by WJX. Chinese oral health professionals were invited to participate in it. The basic information of respondents, the application of DGTs, and the views and attitudes toward their status quo and development were statistically described. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the correlation between the basic information of respondents and the application of DGTs as well as the views and attitudes toward them.

Results
A total of 276 questionnaires were collected, of which 273 were identified as valid. 269 (98.5%) respondents were dental clinical workers, 204 (74.7%) were dental clinical implant workers, and 152 (55.7%) had been engaged in the implant industry for more than five years. The chi-square test showed that working years were significantly correlated with the half-guided, tooth-supported, and mucosa-supported DGTs (P < 0.05); and professional backgrounds and working years presented significant differences in the views and attitudes toward the status quo and development of DGTs (P < 0.05). The questionnaires also made a preliminary investigation and evaluation on the factors influencing accuracy, indications, doctors’ recommendations and relevant training.

Conclusion
Most respondents held a positive attitude toward the accuracy and development of DGTs. This survey can point out the direction for the improvement of DGTs, and provide a reference for the study of factors affecting implant accuracy, the establishment of a training system, and the understanding of clinicians’ current views on DGTs.
Trial registration This survey was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Chenghuaxinguanghua Dental Clinic (Approval NO. CDCIRB-D-2021-201).