bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Liver Injury in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Mahmoud Hossam Abedelaziz , Kamal Maha Mohsen Mohamed , Ashram Mohamed Nabil Badawy Al , Fahmey Wael Wadea 
Published: August 2023

Background
The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a severe form of viral pneumonia. The virus spread rapidly from China to the rest of the world in a very short time and with considerable intensity and severity creating a ―global emergency.‖ The global pandemic COVID-19 caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has already caused about 1.4 million deaths.

Aim of the Work
To evaluate the incidence of concurrent elevation of liver function tests (AST, ALT, BILIRUBIN), examine dynamic changes of it and its relationship with disease throughout the course of COVID-19 patients

Patients and Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study was carried out in Ain Shams University isolation Hospitals including 105 adult patients of both genders with confirmed COVID19 from 15 March 2020 to 15 June 2020.

Results
The mean age of mild severity group was 56.77 (±13.09 SD) with range (24-80) and among them there were 19 (30.6%) males. The mean age of severe group was 60.52 (±14.68 SD) with range (25-82) and among them there were 26 (54.7%) males. There was statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Sex. There was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Hospital stay. Hospital stays ranged from 2-20 days. Disease duration ranged from 8-27 days. There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard co-morbidity. The commonest morbidities among the studied group were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. There was statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard AST and bilirubin. As regard comparison between the studied groups as regard Lab finding During stay; there was statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard AST and bilirubin. As regard comparison between the studied groups as regard Lab finding at discharge; there was statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard bilirubin. Based on our findings, we see that evaluations of the mechanism of hepatic injuries in COVID-19 infection are needed.

Conclusion
The hepatic consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection are now recognized as an important component of COVID-19. Elevated liver function is very common in patients with COVID-19 infection.
Effect of Direct Acting Anti-Viral Drugs on Myostatin Level among CRF Egyptian Patients with Chronic HCV Infection and Its Correlation with Sarcopenia
Authors: Makhlouf Mohamed Ali Marie , Ashram Mohamed Nabil Badawy Al , Fathalla Ahmed Magdy , Abd el Elah Elgezery Wessam 
Published: August 2023

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that might negatively affect musculoskeletal health. Secondary sarcopenia due to chronic kidney disease may be accompanied with elevated fall risk and mobility limitations. The loss of muscle mass, in addition to the impact of poor body composition on muscle strength and mobility status are necessary for classification and staging of sarcopenia.

Aim of the Work
The main aim of this study was to assess the effect of direct anti-viral drugs on myostatin level and its correlation with sarcopenia in CRF patient with chronic HCV.

Patients and Methods
This was a case control study was conducted at gastroenterology outpatients’ clinics and internal medicine and nephrology department Ain Shams university hospital and om elmasryeen general hospital including 50 chronic renal failure patients with chronic HCV infection and normal persons; they were divided into: Group A: 20 chronic HCV patient received direct acting anti-viral drugs. Group B: 20 chronic HCV patients didn’t receive direct acting antiviral drugs. Group C: 10 normal persons without chronic renal failure or hepatitis C virus. The duration of the study ranged from 6-12 months.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard demographic data, there was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard weight, lean body mass and BMI, there was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Hb, there was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard history of ALT and AST and significant difference between the two studied groups as regards Alpha fetoprotein, there was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard history of BUN and significant difference between the two studied groups as regards Creatinine, there was statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Serum myostatin.

Conclusion
The serum myostatin level was significantly lower in chronic HCV patients didn’t receive direct acting anti-viral drugs than those who received direct acting anti-viral drugs and control groups.
Impact of Initiation of Insulin Therapy on Serum Prolactin and Cortisol Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Male Patients
Authors: Hamed Mohamed Saad , El Sherbeny Alyaa Ahmed , Khairy Mansour Hany , Al Gammal Yasmine Hamdy Moustafa Moussa 
Published: August 2023

Background
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a common metabolic disease characterized by a decline in insulin sensitivity and relative insulin insufficiency-induced hyperglycemia. In type 2 diabetic patients who have failed to achieve target glycemic control goals on oral anti-diabetic drug therapy, Initiating insulin therapy significantly improved overall glycemic control.

Objective
To assess Impact of Initiation of Insulin Therapy on Serum Prolactin and Cortisol levels In Type 2 Diabetic Male Patients.

Subjects and Methods
It was conducted on thirty (30) male patients who were diagnosed to have type 2 diabetes attending diabetes clinic at Ain- Shams University Hospital from 1 Jan. to 1 July 2018. Their ages range from 40 to 60 years old.

Results
On studying the Correlation between cortisol and prolactin with other laboratory findings showed that: There were no significant correlations between cortisol a.m. and prolactin with FBS, 2HPPBG and HbA1C (P &gt; 0.05) in the first and third visits in group I. And no significant correlations between cortisol a.m. and prolactin with FBS and 2HPPBG (P &gt; 0.05) in the second visit in group I. But there was a significant positive correlation between cortisol with FBS (P = 0.028) and HbA1C (P = 0.033) in group II. And a significant positive correlation between cortisol with FBS (P = 0.034) and 2HPPBG (P = 0.041) in group III. There was a highly significant positive correlation between cortisol and FBS (P = 0.001) in group III. And there was a highly significant positive correlation between prolactin with 2HPPBG (P = 0.008) in group II.

Conclusion
We conclude from this study that initiation of insulin therapy in poorly controlled diabetic patients achieves a highly significant reduction in blood glucose level. Also, insulin therapy in diabetic patients has impact on other hormones regulating blood glucose level as it reduces serum prolactin and cortisol levels. Also we conclude that prolactin is a diabetogenic hormone.
Role of Circulating Vascular Cell Adhesion Protein – 1 as a Biomarker in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: EL Moghny Mostafa Mohamed Abd , Ali El Ray Ahmed , Abd El Sadek Ahmed Samir , EL Hamid Rafat Khaled Abdl , Alsaid Yasser Mohamed Ali Abdelhady 
Published: August 2023

Background
As a result of the obesity pandemic, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of obesity and a precursor of and independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes

Aim of the Work
To assess the level of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) as noninvasive diagnostic tools for diagnosis of NAFLD degree of fibrosis.

Patients and Methods
A Case-Control clinical study in the Internal medicine and hepatology outpatient clinic at Ain Shams University Hospital for 6-month on 60 persons that were included in this study divided into 2 groups: Group A: 30 patient with NAFLD as a study group. Group B: 30 healthy subjects as a control group.

Results
In the present study, the mean VCAM-1 was 2.392 ± 0.3 in NAFLD group, 9.893 ± 2.3 in NASH group and 1.983 ± 0.3 in control group with high statistical significant increase in NASH followed by NAFLD than in control group. Regarding to ROC curve, VCAM-1 had excellent Diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.994. A best cut-off criterion of VCAM-1 &gt; 7.7 ng/mL could discriminate between patients with NASH from control group with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 100% In our study, there was no significant correlation in between VCAM-1 and age, AST, ALT In the present study, the significant predictors of bad outcome in patients with NAFLD and NASH were higher VCAM-1 level, GGT and higher AST levels

Conclusion
The significant predictors of bad outcome in patients with NAFLD and NASH were higher VCAM-1 level, GGT and higher AST levels.
Sexual Dysfunction in a Sample of Women Having Infertility and Its Impact on Quality of Life
Authors: Abdelrazek Yasser M , Tantawy Walid H , Awad Mona I , Naguib Rehab M , Eltoukhi Diana A 
Published: August 2023

Conflict of interest
None of the above authors have any conflict of interest to disclose.

Background
Female sexual disorders are prevalent disorder which is underdiagnosed due to cultural barriers in seeking help in management, having huge impact on mental health quality of life. The studies investigating the impact of infertility on female sexual dysfunction are scarce, but they have consistently demonstrated that sexual complaints are very common among infertile women.
Sometimes appropriate treatment of female sexual dysfunction can preclude the use of expensive and unnecessary treatment for infertility. This study will compare sexual dysfunction and quality of life among infertile women and fertile women.

Aim of the Work
To assess the female sexual function among infertile women and comorbid psychiatric disorders among infertile women.
Subjects and method: This is cross sectional study, which was conducted on random sample of 168 infertile females and 167 fertile females, attending outpatient infertile clinic, and the gynaecology outpatient clinic, Ain Shams University hospital, the study started September 2017 until February 2019, all females who fulfil inclusion criteria were subjected to SCID-I, The Arabic version of (FSFI), The Arabic version of PCASEE.

Results
there was a statistically significant relationship between female sexual dysfunction among infertile group and fertile group, in the infertile group, 123 females (73.2%) of the infertile females did not have mental disorder and 45 females (26.7%) had mental disorder, 19 females (11.3%) of them had anxiety disorder (generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and panic disorder) and 26 females (15.5%) of them had major depression disorder.

Conclusion
There is high prevalence of female sexual dysfunction among the infertile female group, and there was strong association between infertility, sexual dysfunction and developing comorbid psychiatric disorder. Further assessments should be considered in the infertility clinic, proper documentation as well. Management should include psychotherapy, lubricants, targeted sexual-therapy and pharmacological treatment.

Abbreviation
SCID-I: Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I Disorder; FSFI: Female sexual dysfunction index; PCASEE: Physical, cognitive, Affect, Social, economic, ego, quality of life
Stress and Sleep Difficulties in a Sample of Medical Students, Ain-Shams University
Authors: Khalil Afaf H , Saad Ahmed , ElSerafiy Doha , Shorub Eman , Hamdy Rabab 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Background
Becoming a medical doctor is a highly complex process. High incidence of stress disorders among medical students was reported. Psychological stress is a triggering factor for insomnia and has a bidirectional association with poor sleep quality. the relationship between stress and sleep difficulties among medical students should be assessed and evaluated as it may affect Academic achievement, and cause difficulty in concentration, tiredness, headache, bad appetite, disturbed bowel habits and tiredness and weakness during daytime, To raise the awareness about the importance of good sleep quality for health and academic achievement

Objective
To measure stress among medical students, determine pattern of sleep difficulties and to find relationship between stress and sleep quality among medical students.
Subjects and Methods: A cross sectional study, Questionnaire based, convenience sample. The sample consisted of 300 undergraduate medical students at Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Egypt from January 2019 to March 2020. All students fulfilling the inclusion criteria were offered to participate in the study by using GHQ, PSQI, MSSQ & SCID I

Results
300 medical students were recruited in this study; their mean age were 21.4 ± 2.3 year ranging from 17-30 years. 40 % (n = 120) of them were males & 60% (n = 180) were females. 98% (n = 294) of the study sample were single and 4.7% of students (n = 14) were smoker. 50.7% (n = 152) had one or more hobbies. Females reported higher Mean ± SD than males in all MSSQ domains except Drive & desire related stressors. There was statistically significant difference regarding female gender was reported.

Conclusion
There is high prevalence of stress and poor sleep quality in medical school students. Strong association between sleep quality and stress was found. Medical students need to be educated about sleep hygiene and stress management programs to emphasize on study skills, time management, healthy lifestyles, and effective coping strategies.

Conflicts of Interest
None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to disclose.

Abbreviations
PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; GHQ: General health Questionnaire; MSSQ: medical students stress scale
Comparative Study between Anterior and Posterior Approaches in Management of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Assar Ahmed Mohamed , Sabry Esmail Hassan , Abdelraheem Hisham Anwer , Hamza Emad Mamoun , Mohaaed hefni Sameh 
Published: August 2023

Background
The best surgical approach for management of degenerative cervical myelopathy remains area of debate between spinal surgeons. The purpose of this study compare between anterior approach (anterior cervical discectomy with fusion) and posterior approach (laminectomy with and without fusion) for treatment of multilevel spondylotic myelopathy according to clinical, radiological outcomes, recovery rates and complications.

Material and Methods
A total of 20 patients were operated by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and 20 patients were operated by cervical laminectomy with and without fusion in this study. Preoperative and postoperative clinical assessment were done using modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) score and Myelopathy scale (MS). Postoperative complications, recovery rate and intraoperative blood loss are recorded. Preoperative and postoperative radiological analysis were done using Cobb angle measurement (C2-7 angle) and canal diameter assessment by measuring the canal through the center of each vertebra and intervertebral discs (C2–C7) on 10 transverse planes on mid-sagittal T2WI image.

Results
There was significant decrease in pre-operative mJOA scale in posterior approach group; compared to anterior group (P = 0.41). There was highly significant decrease in duration of symptoms in anterior approach group; compared to anterior group (P &lt; 0.01) and significant decrease in pre-operative MS scale in anterior approach group; compared to anterior group (P &lt; 0.05). There is non-significant difference as regards post-operative mJOA scale and MS scale between anterior and posterior group (p &gt; 0.05). Although recovery rate was higher in anterior group than posterior group (49.5 ± 27.2 vs 39.51 ± 11.30), but finally There was no significant difference as regards postoperative recovery, improvement and complications rates (p &gt; 0.05). postoperative canal diameter change was greater in posterior surgery than anterior group (11.1 ± 1.98 vs 9.5 ± 0.76). Reoperation rate was higher in anterior group. Postoperative C5 palsy and axial neck pain were higher in posterior group.

Conclusions
Both anterior and posterior approaches were successful to treat multilevel CSM, but no definitive surgical approach was proved for management of CSM and each case should be evaluated carefully for determination of best surgical approach according to preoperative Cobb angle and canal diameter.
Different Surgical Modalities in the Management of Trigeminal Schwannomas
Authors: El-Bahy Khaled , Desouky Ahmad E , Abouelmaaty Emad M , Darwish Assem M 
Published: August 2023

Background
Schwannomas are well capsulated, slowly growing benign tumors. These tumors arise from schwann cells that wrap the peripheral or cranial nerves; hence, these tumors are basically peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the result of different approaches for trigeminal schwannoma.

Patients and Methods
This retrospective study was conducted on 15 patients with trigeminal schwannoma who underwent different surgical modalities in the management at Ain Shams University Hospitals and Nasser Institute Hospital during the period from 2015 to 2019.

Results
Mean Preoperative GCS in this study was 15 preoperative, as GOS was 5 in 10 patients, 4 in 3 patients and 2 in 2 patients immediately postoperative while 3 months follow up shows that 14 patients GOS were 5 as one case was 1 (died). Headache was reported in 53.3% of our patients, SNHL and tinnitus were present in 80% of our patients, and facial pain and numbness were present in 33.3%, while vomiting & ocular movement were not presented among our patients. The tumor was right sided in 60% of our patients & the rest of patients 40% had left sided tumor. 26.7% of patients had tumor class A, 20% had tumor class B & 53.3% of them had class C tumor. Retrosigmoid approach was used in 6.7% of patients, Fronto-temporo-orbito-zygomatic (FTOZ) Dolanc approach was used in 26.7%, FTOZ approach was used in 6.7%, transzygomatic extradural subtemporal approach was used in 6.7%, Dolanc extradural subtemporal approach was used in 26.7%, extradural subtemporal approach was used in 6.7% & anterior petrosectomy (Kwase) approach was used in 20.0% of our study population. Partial resection was done for 26.7% of patients, Subtotal resection was done for 33.3% of patients, and complete resection was done for 40.0% of patients. Cavernous extension was present in 53.3% of our patients, Gamma Knife (GK) postoperative was needed in 53.3% of our patients & Pathology finding was Trigeminal Schwannoma (TS) in 100% of our patients. There was statistically significant difference between different approaches regarding Cavernous extension. As Cavernous extension was needed for all patients who underwent FTOZ Dolanc & Extradural subtemporal Dolanc only (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference found between different approaches regarding the Extent of resection. Intra operative complications, Gk postoperative & pathology.

Conclusion
total removal via the proper approach can be the best treatment for trigeminal schwannoma with a low complication rate.
Neurosurgical Aspect of Management of Movement Disorders
Authors: Mohamed Adel N , Mashaly Hazem A , Hamza Emad M , Ibrahiem Eslam R 
Published: August 2023

Background
People with movement disorders can experience involuntary movement such as tremor, abnormal posture, slowness, walking difficulty, and stiffness due to neurological conditions.

Aim of the Work
to conduct a meta-analysis of surgical treatment of patients with movement disorder diseases and help patients for living normal life and performing all sports and hand skill work without any limitation of movement, and improve surgical management, learn indication of surgery, patient selection, techniques, and complications among functional neurosurgeons.

Methods
Searching procedures will be conducted focusing on the following sources: electronic databases: Medline; 2) Bibliographies and 3) Hand searches of journals:
-Online internet search from the electronic database of Medline via PubMed, “Related articles” function will be used to obtain any relevant articles. Additionally, references of the articles included in the analysis were reviewed for any other citations. After screening full text of the included studies the following data was extracted from each primary study: study design, full reference of article including author, year and source, population description: criteria for diagnosis, severity of disease. Intervention: Thalamotomy and DBS alone. Comparative Group (if relevant) and outcome.

Results
The efficacy in reducing drug-resistant tremor was non-significantly equal among DBS group and thalamotomy group. Cognitive changes were nonsignificantly less among DBS than thalamotomy groups. Gait disturbances were non-significantly lower among DBS than among thalamotomy group. Ataxia risk was non-significantly lower among DBS than among thalamotomy group. Dysarthria risk was non-significantly different among DBS and thalamotomy groups. Hypresthesia risk was non-significantly lower among DBS than among thalamotomy groups. Seizures risk was non-significantly higher among DBS group than among thalamotomy group. Paresis risk was non-significantly lower among DBS than among thalamotomy groups. Psychiatric disturbances risk was non-significantly different among DBS and thalamotomy groups. Intracerebral hemorrhage was significantly lower among DBS than among thalamotomy. That mean DBS is Equal in efficacy and less adverse effects but more expensive than thalamotomy.

Conclusion
Net result of complications of Thalamic stimulation is less than thalamotomy due to our meta-analysis which show that the incidence of intra cerebral hemorrhage is more in thalamotomy than thalamic stimulation, and the incidence of ataxia, gait disturbance, hypoesthesia and paresis are more in thalamotomy than thalamic stimulation but the incidence of seizers is higher in thalamic stimulation than thalamotomy. But there are another complication which is different in results between both such as dysarthria and psychiatric disturbance.