bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Bedeutung migrationsbezogener Überzeugungen von frühpädagogischen Fachkräften für die Qualität pädagogischer Praxis
Authors: Kurucz Csaba , Hachfeld Axinja , Lehrl Simone , Anders Yvonne 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungMigrationsbezogene Überzeugungen von frühpädagogischen Fachkräften werden insbesondere in kulturell diversen Kindertageseinrichtungen eine handlungsleitende Bedeutung zugesprochen, obwohl es für diese Annahme kaum empirische Belege gibt. Die vorliegende Studie setzt hier an und untersucht, ob die migrationsbezogenen Überzeugungen von N = 206 frühpädagogischen Fachkräften im Zusammenhang mit der in ihren N = 107 Kindertageseinrichtungen beobachteten sprachspezifischen Prozess- und Strukturqualität stehen. Als migrationsbezogene Überzeugungsfacetten wurden die multikulturellen und assmiliativen Überzeugungen berücksichtigt, die anhand von Selbsteinschätzungen erfragt wurden. Die sprachspezifische Prozess- und Strukturqualität wurde mithilfe verschiedener Subskalen der Skala zum Sustained Shared Thinking und zum emotionalen Wohlbefinden (SSTEW), der Kindergarten-Skala-Erweiterung (KES-E) sowie einer selbst entwickelten Skala „Sprach- und kultursensible Raumgestaltung“ (SKR) in Beobachtungen eingeschätzt. Die multikulturellen und assimilativen Überzeugungen der frühpädagogischen Fachkräfte gingen neben ausgewählten Struktur- und Fachkraftmerkmalen getrennt in Strukturgleichungsmodelle ein. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die multikulturellen Überzeugungen der frühpädagogischen Fachkräfte signifikant positiv mit der Subskala „Sprache“ der KES‑E und der Skala „Sprach- und kultursensible Raumgestaltung“ zusammenhingen. Die assimilativen Überzeugungen waren hingegen mit keiner der drei sprachspezifischen Qualitätsmaße assoziiert.
Radiological lung sequelae, functional status and symptoms in older patients 3 and 6 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Di Pentima Chiara , Cecchini Sara , Spannella Francesco , Giulietti Federico , Allevi Massimiliano , Schiavi Paola , Carnevali Francesca , Zoppi Lorenzo , Ciociola Maria Carmela , Ventura Fiammetta , Dragano Gina , Giordano Piero , Paci Enrico , Sarzani Riccardo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of our study was to assess the lung sequelae and clinical consequences 3 and 6 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 pneumonia in older patients. An observational study was conducted on 55 patients aged 65 years and older. Activities of daily living (ADL) and clinical frailty scale (CFS) were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Both quantitative assessment at chest high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and semi-quantitative severity score (CTSS) were performed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Mean age: 82.3 ± 7.1 years. Male prevalence: 56.4%. After 6 months, ground-glass opacities (GGO) were still detectable in 22% of subjects, while consolidations were no longer appreciable. During follow-up, CTSS reached an overall median score of zero after 6 months. Fibrotic-like changes were found in 40% of subjects with an overall median score of 0 (0–5) points, being more prevalent in males. Patients reporting worsening ADL and CFS were 10.9% and 45.5%, respectively. They were associated with the burden of comorbidities, especially history of heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at baseline. Amnesic disorders, exertional dyspnea, and fatigue were the most relevant symptoms reported. No association emerged between persistent or new-onset symptoms and evidence of fibrotic-like changes. The typical chest CT abnormalities of the COVID-19 pneumonia acute phase resolved in most of our older patients. Mild fibrotic-like changes persisted in less than half of the patients, especially males, without significantly affecting the functional status and frailty condition, which instead were more likely associated with pre-existing comorbidities.
Design and modeling of high-performance mid-wave infrared InAsSb-based nBn photodetector using barrier band engineering approaches
Authors: Shaveisi Maryam , Aliparast Peiman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe report a new nBn photodetector (nBn-PD) design based on the InAlSb/AlSb/InAlSb/InAsSb material systems for mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) applications. In this structure, delta-doped compositionally graded barrier (δ-DCGB) layers are suggested, the advantage of which is creation of a near zero valence band offset in nBn photodetectors. The design of the δ-DCGB nBn-PD device includes a 3 µm absorber layer (n-InAs0.81Sb0.19), a unipolar barrier layer (AlSb), and 0.2 μm contact layer (n-InAs0.81Sb0.19) as well as a 0.116 µm linear grading region (InAlSb) from the contact to the barrier layer and also from the barrier to the absorber layer. The analysis includes various dark current contributions, such as the Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH), trap-assisted tunneling (TAT), Auger, and Radiative recombination mechanisms, to acquire more precise results. Consequently, we show that the method used in the nBn device design leads to diffusion-limited dark current so that the dark current density is 2.596 × 10−8 A/cm2 at 150 K and a bias voltage of − 0.2 V. The proposed nBn detector exhibits a 50% cutoff wavelength of more than 5 µm, the peak current responsivity is 1.6 A/W at a wavelength of 4.5 µm and a − 0.2 V bias with 0.05 W/cm2 backside illumination without anti-reflective coating. The maximum quantum efficiency at 4.5 µm is about 48.6%, and peak specific detectivity (D*) is of 3.37 × 1010 cm⋅Hz1/2/W. Next, to solve the reflection concern in this nBn devices, we use a BaF2 anti-reflection coating layer due to its high transmittance in the MWIR window. It leads to an increase of almost 100% in the optical response metrics, such as the current responsivity, quantum efficiency, and detectivity, compared to the optical response without an anti-reflection coating layer.
Graphical Abstract
Uncountable Family of 0-Rigid Continua that are Homeomorphic to Their Inverse Limits
Authors: Črepnjak Matevž , Kac Teja 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is a well-known fact that there are continua X such that the inverse limit of any inverse sequence $$\{X,f_n\}$$

{
X
,

f
n

}

with surjective continuous bonding functions $$f_n$$

f
n

is homeomorphic to X. The pseudoarc or any Cook continuum are examples of such continua. Recently, a large family of continua X was constructed in such a way that X is $$\frac{1}{m}$$

1
m

-rigid and the inverse limit of any inverse sequence $$\{X,f_n\}$$

{
X
,

f
n

}

with surjective continuous bonding functions $$f_n$$

f
n

is homeomorphic to X by Banič and Kac. In this paper, we construct an uncountable family of pairwise non-homeomorphic continua X such that X is 0-rigid and prove that for any sequence $$(f_n)$$

(

f
n

)

of continuous surjections on X, the inverse limit $$\varprojlim \{X,f_n\}$$

lim
←

{
X
,

f
n

}

is homeomorphic to X.
A Synthetic Indicator of the Quality of Support for Businesses in Burkina-Faso, Cameroon, and Ghana
Authors: Kouam Jean C. , Asongu Simplice A. , Meh Bin J. , Nantchouang Robert , Asanga Fri L. , Foretia Denis A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a synthetic indicator of the quality of support for companies and identifies the factors that can contribute towards improving the quality of such support in three countries (i.e., Burkina-Faso, Cameroon, and Ghana). The study uses static mechanics and applies techniques of factor analysis. A principal component analysis is performed on the data collected from 80 business support structures in the sampled countries. After constructing the indicators, correlates are provided on how the constructed indicators are linked to the objectives of sustainable development. Our results are robust after controlling for variables relating to the general characteristics of the support structure. The findings are consistent with the position that taking sustainable development objectives into account in business support practices would significantly improve business performance in sampled countries and, by extension, in sub-Saharan Africa. The originality of the study stems from the fact that it considers specific sustainable development goals and assesses their contribution to improving the quality of support for companies, a research area that has not been investigated hitherto by the extant literature. Implications for all stakeholders in the entrepreneurial ecosystem and future research directions are discussed.
Condition-based multi-component maintenance decision support under degradation uncertainties
Authors: Islam Abu MD Ariful , Vatn Jørn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMulti-component maintenance optimization is a well-studied area for age-based failure models but in contrast, incorporation of condition-based maintenance (CBM) is still an open area of research. Taking advantage of condition monitoring information for updating components’ health conditions demands a dynamic short-term approach when grouping multiple activities subject to CBM policy. Degradation models are commonly utilized in CBM for predicting the future condition of a given component to decide appropriate maintenance actions where inherent uncertainties exist in the degradation processes. There are a limited number of works in literature that account for degradation uncertainties where maintenance cost is a function of such uncertainty. This paper aims to develop a maintenance decision support for a multi-component system by incorporating CBM while considering the degradation uncertainties. In this paper, a two-stage stochastic programming is proposed to address such an issue and the problem is formulated for situations where maintenance opportunities are limited due to practical constraints (e.g., remote offshore maintenance operations of wind farms, unmanned platforms in oil and gas industries, etc.). The concept of marginal cost is used in developing the equation of optimality. This is a combinatorial problem and becomes intractable when the number of components is large therefore a heuristic is proposed to reduce the problem size which reduces the required computational time substantially. It is shown that significant cost savings are possible, especially, when the downtime cost and common setup cost are significant. A numerical example is provided with a system of six components achieving above$$10\%$$10%cost reduction when the degradation uncertainties are taken into account.
Correction factors for commissioning and patient specific quality assurance of stereotactic fields in a Monte Carlo based treatment planning system
Authors: Goodall Simon K. , Rowshanfarzad Pejman , Ebert Martin A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractValidation of small field dosimetry is crucial for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Accurate and considered measurement of linear accelerator dose must be compared to precise and accurate calculation by the treatment planning system (TPS). Monte Carlo calculated distributions contain statistical noise, reducing the reliance that should be given to single voxel doses. The average dose to a small volume of interest (VOI) can minimise the influence of noise, but for small fields introduces significant volume averaging. Similar challenges present during measurement of composite dose from clinical plans when a small volume ionisation chamber is used. This study derived correction factors for VOI averaged TPS doses calculated for small fields, allowing correction to an isocentre dose following account for statistical noise. These factors were used to determine an optimal VOI to represent small volume ionisation chambers during patient specific quality assurance (PSQA). A retrospective comparison of 82 SRS and 28 SBRT PSQA measurements to TPS calculated doses from varying VOI was completed to evaluate the determined volumes. Small field commissioning correction factors of under 5% were obtained for field sizes of 8 mm and larger. Optimal spherical VOI with radius between 1.5 and 1.8 mm and 2.5 to 2.9 mm were determined for IBA CC01 and CC04 ionisation chambers respectively. Review of PSQA confirmed an optimal agreement between CC01 measured doses and a volume of 1.5 to 1.8 mm while CC04 measured doses showed no variation with VOI.
Expressive Avatars: Vitality in Virtual Worlds
Authors: Ekdahl David , Osler Lucy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCritics have argued that human-controlled avatar interactions fail to facilitate the kinds of expressivity and social understanding afforded by our physical bodies. We identify three claims meant to justify the supposed expressive limits of avatar interactions compared to our physical interactions. First, “The Limited Expressivity Claim”: avatars have a more limited expressive range than our physical bodies. Second, “The Inputted Expressivity Claim”: any expressive avatarial behaviour must be deliberately inputted by the user. Third, “The Decoding Claim”: users must infer or figure out the expressive meaning of human-controlled avatars’ behaviour through cognitively onerous processes. With the aim of critically assessing all three claims, we analyze data collected through observations of and interviews with expert players of the avatar-based video game League of Legends. Focusing on Daniel Stern’s (2010) notion of vitality, we analyze the participants’ descriptions of seeing and interacting with other avatars during performance. Our analysis shows that the informants experience human-based avatarial interactions as qualitatively different than interactions with bots, that the informants see the movements of other players’ avatars as having different expressive styles, and that the informants actively use and manipulate this avatarial expressivity during performance. The results of our analysis, we argue, provide reasons for loosening or resisting the three claims concerning the limits of avatarial expressivity.
Zika virus infection of retinal cells and the developing mouse eye induces host responses that contrasts to the brain and dengue virus infection
Authors: Cowell E. , Kris L. P. , Bracho-Granado G. , Jaber H. , Smith J. R. , Carr J. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infection causes ocular and neurological pathologies with ZIKV-induction of developmental abnormalities following in utero infection a major concern. The study here has compared ZIKV and the related dengue virus (DENV) infection in the eye and brain. In vitro, both ZIKV and DENV could infect cell lines representing the retinal pigmented epithelium, endothelial cells, and Mueller cells, with distinct innate responses in each cell type. In a 1-day old mouse challenge model, both ZIKV and DENV infected the brain and eye by day 6 post-infection (pi). ZIKV was present at comparable levels in both tissues, with RNA increasing with time post-infection. DENV infected the brain, but RNA was detected in the eye of less than half of the mice challenged. NanoString analysis demonstrated comparable host responses in the brain for both viruses, including induction of mRNA for myosin light chain-2 (Mly2), and numerous antiviral and inflammatory genes. Notably, mRNA for multiple complement proteins were induced, but C2 and C4a were uniquely induced by ZIKV but not DENV. Consistent with the viral infection in the eye, DENV induced few responses while ZIKV induced substantial inflammatory and antiviral responses. Compared to the brain, ZIKV in the eye did not induce mRNAs such as C3, downregulated Retnla, and upregulated CSF-1. Morphologically, the ZIKV-infected retina demonstrated reduced formation of specific retinal layers. Thus, although ZIKV and DENV can both infect the eye and brain, there are distinct differences in host cell and tissue inflammatory responses that may be relevant to ZIKV replication and disease.
Application of MgO-Titanomagnetite mixture in high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis of radiata pine
Authors: Iminabo Misel , Yip Alex C. K. , Iminabo John T. , Pang Shusheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of MgO and titanomagnetite mixture on the high-temperature pyrolysis of radiata pine wood in a fluidised bed reactor at 850 °C. The catalytic performance of the MgO-titanomagnetite (MgO-TM) mixture was experimentally evaluated based on product distribution, gas composition, gas properties, and tar composition. The results revealed that addition of MgO-titanomagnetite resulted in a decrease in gas yield (67.2 wt.%) compared to addition of titanomagnetite (TM) alone (72.9 wt.%), but an improvement was found compared to addition of MgO alone (63.9 wt.%). The hydrogen concentration in the gas product was significantly enhanced (23.2 vol.%) compared to titanomagnetite alone (12.8 vol.%) or to non-catalytic (NC) pyrolysis (14.1 vol.%) but was similar to that with addition of MgO alone (22.6 vol.%). However, the addition of MgO and titanomagnetite mixture resulted in a reduction in CO concentration to 2.7 vol.% in the gas product whereas increased the CO2 and light olefins formation. It was also found that the addition of the MgO and titanomagnetite mixture significantly increased the total concentration of ethylene and propylene (18.3 vol.%) compared to addition of titanomagnetite (5.8 vol.%), MgO (9.0 vol.%), or non-catalytic pyrolysis (12.0 vol.%). The lower heating value of the gas product and the H2 to CO ratio (17.5 MJ/Nm3 and 8.7) were also improved with addition of the MgO-titanomagnetite mixture. These findings demonstrate that application of physically mixed MgO and titanomagnetite as catalyst is a promising method for converting biomass into a H2-rich gas product via high-temperature pyrolysis. This study offers a useful reference for the development of novel catalytic systems for biomass conversion.
Graphical Abstract
Measuring Food Insecurity in India: A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence
Authors: McKay Fiona H. , Sims Alice , van der Pligt Paige 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
India is home to an estimated 200 million malnourished people, suggesting widespread food insecurity. However, variations in the methods used for determining food insecurity status mean there is uncertainty in the data and severity of food insecurity across the country. This systematic review investigated the peer-reviewed literature examining food insecurity in India to identify both the breadth of research being conducted as well as the instruments used and the populations under study.

Recent Findings
Nine databases were searched in March 2020. After excluding articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 53 articles were reviewed. The most common tool for measuring food insecurity was the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), followed by the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM), and the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Reported food insecurity ranged from 8.7 to 99% depending on the measurement tool and population under investigation. This study found variations in methods for the assessment of food insecurity in India and the reliance on cross-sectional studies.

Summary
Based on the findings of this review and the size and diversity of the Indian population, there is an opportunity for the development and implementation of an Indian-specific food security measure to allow researchers to collect better data on food insecurity. Considering India’s widespread malnutrition and high prevalence of food insecurity, the development of such a tool will go part of way in addressing nutrition-related public health in India.
Fatigue design and assessment guidelines for high-frequency mechanical impact treatment applied on steel bridges
Authors: Al-Karawi Hassan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStructural
design of bridges in Europe should be carried out in accordance with Eurocode regulations. However, there is no guideline demonstrating how the fatigue design is to be conducted when high-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) is used to enhance welded joints in steel bridges. The aim of this paper is to present the different design rules and equations and apply them to some example bridges enhanced by HFMI treatment. Fatigue verification of some welded details in these bridges is carried out via either “damage accumulation” or “λ-coefficients” methods in the Eurocode. Four fatigue load models are used in the fatigue verification (FLM3 and FLM4 for road bridge assessment, and LM71 and traffic mix, for railway bridge assessment). The effect of steel grade, mean stresses, self-weight, variation in stress ratios, and maximum stress on the treatment efficiency is considered in both examples. It is found that HFMI treatment causes a significant increase in fatigue lives in all studied cases.
From technique to normativity: the influence of Kant on Georges Canguilhem’s philosophy of life
Authors: Sfara Emiliano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany historical studies tend to underline two central Kantian themes frequently emerging in Georges Canguilhem’s works: (1) a conception of activity, primarily stemming from theCritique of Pure Reason, as a mental and abstract synthesis of judgment; and (2) a notion of organism, inspired by theCritique of Judgment, as an integral totality of parts. Canguilhem was particularly faithful to the first theme from the 1920s to the first half of the 1930s, whereas the second theme became important in the early 1940s. With this article, I will attempt to show that a third important theme oftechniquearose in the second half of the 30s also in the wake of Kant’s philosophy, especially Sect. 43 of theCritique of Judgment. This section, which states that technical ability is distinguished from a theoretical faculty, led Canguilhem to a more concrete and practical conception of activity. I will then suggest that it was by considering technique that the concept of normativity, which characterizes Georges Canguilhem’s philosophy of life, also took shape.
Neue Wege in der Früherkennung des Burnout-Risikos bei Notärzten und Feldscherern in einem ukrainischen Rettungsdienst
Authors: Böckelmann I. , Perova I. G. , Lalimenko O. S. , Tymbota M. , Zabashta V. , Schwarze R. , Schumann H. , Zavgorodnij I. W. , Thielmann B. 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die dimensionsrelevanten Aussagen des Maslach-Burnout-Inventory(MBI-GS)-Fragebogens zu ermitteln, um jeweils die aussagekräftigsten Items für die 3 Dimensionen (emotionale Erschöpfung, Zynismus/Depersonalisierung und Leistungsfähigkeit) zu identifizieren und ggf. als schnelles Screening im Rahmen von Präventionsprogrammen in einem ukrainischen Rettungsdienst einzusetzen.

Methodik
Es nahmen 48 Feldscherer und 37 Notärzte aus der Ukraine teil (mittleres Alter: 44,0 ± 13,4 Jahre). Mithilfe des logistischen Regressionsmodells wurde der Ausprägungstyp des beruflichen Burnouts ermittelt.

Ergebnisse
Die Aussage „Ich fühle mich durch meine Arbeit ausgebrannt“ war für die MBI-Dimension emotionale Erschöpfung relevant (−0,354), für die Dimension Zynismus/Depersonalisierung war es u. a. „Ich bezweifle die Bedeutung meiner Arbeit“ (−0,526). Für die Leistungsfähigkeit war u. a. bedeutend „Ich fühle mich gut, wenn ich Arbeitsaufgaben vollendet habe“ (+0,745).

Schlussfolgerung
Es wird ein neuer methodischer Ansatz ausprobiert, um die einflussreichsten Aussagen des MBI-GS-Fragebogens als Frühindikatoren für ein Burnout-Risiko zu nutzen.