bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of atrial fibrillation and outcomes in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Krishan Satyam , Munir Muhammad Bilal , Khan Muhammad Zia , Al-Juhaishi Taha , Nipp Ryan , DeSimone Christopher V , Deshmukh Abhishek , Stavrakis Stavros , Barac Ana , Asad Zain Ul Abideen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for several malignant and non-malignant haematologic conditions. Patients undergoing HSCT are at an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that a diagnosis of AF would be associated with poor outcomes in patients undergoing HSCT.

Methods and results
The National Inpatient Sample (2016–19) was queried with ICD-10 codes to identify patients aged &gt;50 years undergoing HSCT. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without AF. A multivariable regression model adjusting for demographics and comorbidities was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and regression coefficients with corresponding 95% confidence intervals and P-values. A total of 50 570 weighted hospitalizations for HSCT were identified, out of which 5820 (11.5%) had AF. Atrial fibrillation was found to be independently associated with higher inpatient mortality (aOR 2.75; 1.9–3.98; P &lt; 0.001), cardiac arrest (aOR 2.86; 1.55–5.26; P = 0.001), acute kidney injury (aOR 1.89; 1.6–2.23; P &lt; 0.001), acute heart failure exacerbation (aOR 5.01; 3.54–7.1; P &lt; 0.001), cardiogenic shock (aOR 7.73; 3.17–18.8; P &lt; 0.001), and acute respiratory failure (aOR 3.24; 2.56–4.1; P &lt; 0.001) as well as higher mean length of stay (LOS) (+2.67; 1.79–3.55; P &lt; 0.001) and cost of care (+67 529; 36 630–98 427; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Among patients undergoing HSCT, AF was independently associated with poor in-hospital outcomes, higher LOS, and cost of care.
Effects of hyperbaric exposure on mechanical and electronic parameters of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
Authors: Guenneugues Romain , Henckes Anne , Mansourati Vincent , Mansourati Jacques 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the standard adjuvant treatment for life-threatening or disabling pathologies. Currently, mechanical and electronic variations of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) in hyperbaric conditions have not been evaluated. As a result, many patients eligible for HBOT but ICD recipients cannot undergo this therapy, even in emergency situations.

Methods and results
Twenty-two explanted ICD of various brands and models were randomized in two groups: single hyperbaric exposure at an absolute pressure of 4000 hPa and 30 iterative hyperbaric exposures at an absolute pressure of 4000 hPa. Mechanical and electronic parameters of these ICD were blindly assessed before, during, and after hyperbaric exposures. Regardless of the hyperbaric exposure, we could not find any mechanical distortion, inappropriate occurrence of anti-tachycardia therapies, dysfunction of tachyarrhythmia therapeutic programming, or dysfunction of programmed pacing parameters.

Conclusion
Dry hyperbaric exposure seems harmless on ICD tested ex vivo. This result may lead to a reconsideration of the absolute contraindication of emergency HBOT to ICD recipients. A real-life study in these patients with an indication to HBOT should be performed to assess their tolerance to the treatment.
Use of Mindex and Demiquet for assessing nutritional status in older adults
Authors: Thuayngam Yanisa , Komolsuradej Narucha , Buathong Napakkawat , Srikrajang Siwaluk 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is a validated questionnaire that estimates nutritional status. Given that this questionnaire uses stature measurement, which are unreliable in older adults, Mindex and Demiquet are alternatives to BMI for assessing malnutrition risk. However, the correlation of Mindex and Demiquet values with MNA scores has not been investigated.

Objectives
This cross-sectional study examined the correlation of Mindex and Demiquet with nutritional status and blood parameters in older adults in Thailand.

Methods
The correlation of Mindex and Demiquet with MNA scores and body mass index (BMI), as well as blood parameters, was evaluated. Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and blood test results were collected from 347 participants aged 60 years and older (mean ± SD, 66.4 ± 5.3 years). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and multiple logistic regression analyses were used in statistical analyses.

Results
MNA scores were significantly correlated with Mindex (P &lt; 0.001) and Demiquet (P = 0.001), and BMI was related to Mindex and Demiquet (P &lt; 0.001). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) predicted MNA scores (P = 0.048) in males but not females.

Conclusions
Mindex and Demiquet values were positively correlated with MNA scores and BMI. In addition, LDL-C predicted MNA scores in male older adults.
Leaflet information by the local government on mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in a rural area in Japan
Authors: Fukase Ryu , Murakami Masayasu , Ikeda Takaaki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated infodemic increased depression and anxiety. Proper information can help combat the infodemic and promotes mental health; however, rural residents have more difficulties in getting correct information than urban residents.

Objective
To examine whether the information on COVID-19 provided by the local government maintained the mental health of rural residents in Japan.

Methods
A self-administered questionnaire survey of Okura Village (northern district of Japan) residents aged ≥16 years was conducted in October 2021. The main outcomes, depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and anxiety were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale 7-item. Exposure was defined as whether the resident read the leaflet on COVID-19 distributed by the local government. The targeted maximum likelihood estimation was used to analyse the effect of leaflet reading on the main outcomes.

Results
A total of 974 respondents were analysed. Reading the leaflet was significantly lower risk for depressive symptoms relative risk (95% confidence interval): 0.64 (0.43–0.95). Meanwhile, no clear effects of leaflet reading were observed on mental distress and anxiety.

Conclusions
In rural areas with local governments, analogue information may be effective to prevent depression.
Machine Learning Models to Predict Future Frailty in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The ELSA Cohort Study
Authors: Leme Daniel Eduardo da Cunha , de Oliveira Cesar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Machine learning (ML) models can be used to predict future frailty in the community setting. However, outcome variables for epidemiologic data sets such as frailty usually have an imbalance between categories, that is, there are far fewer individuals classified as frail than as nonfrail, adversely affecting the performance of ML models when predicting the syndrome.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study with participants (50 years or older) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who were nonfrail at baseline (2008–2009) and reassessed for the frailty phenotype at 4-year follow-up (2012–2013). Social, clinical, and psychosocial baseline predictors were selected to predict frailty at follow-up in ML models (Logistic Regression, Random Forest [RF], Support Vector Machine, Neural Network, K-nearest neighbor, and Naive Bayes classifier).

Results
Of all the 4 378 nonfrail participants at baseline, 347 became frail at follow-up. The proposed combined oversampling and undersampling method to adjust imbalanced data improved the performance of the models, and RF had the best performance, with areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve and the precision-recall curve of 0.92 and 0.97, respectively, specificity of 0.83, sensitivity of 0.88, and balanced accuracy of 85.5% for balanced data. Age, chair-rise test, household wealth, balance problems, and self-rated health were the most important frailty predictors in most of the models trained with balanced data.

Conclusions
ML proved useful in identifying individuals who became frail over time, and this result was made possible by balancing the data set. This study highlighted factors that may be useful in the early detection of frailty.
A surface NMR forward in a dot product
Authors: Griffiths Matthew P , Grombacher Denys , Kass Mason A , Vang Mathias Ø , Liu Lichao , Larsen Jakob Juul 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARY
The computation required to simulate surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) data increases proportionally with the number of sequences and number of pulses in each sequence. This poses a particular challenge to modelling steady-state SNMR, where suites of sequences are acquired, each of which require modelling 10–100 s of pulses. To model such data efficiently, we have developed a reformulation of surface NMR forward model, where the geometry of transmit and receive fields are encapsulated into a vector (or set of vectors), which we call B1-volume-receive (BVR) curves. Projecting BVR curve(s) along complimentary magnetization solutions for a particular sequence amounts to computing the full SNMR forward model. The formulation has the additional advantage that computations for increased transmitter current amounts to a relative translation between the BVR and magnetization solutions. We generate 1-D kernels using BVR curves and standard integration techniques and find the difference is within 2 per cent. Using BVR curves, a typical suite of steady-state kernels can be computed two orders of magnitude faster than previous approaches.
Gradient filtering regularization for 3-D MT inversion based on unstructured tetrahedral discretization
Authors: Rong Zhihao , Liu Yunhe , Yin Changchun , Ma Xinpeng , Wang Luyuan , Qiu Changkai , Zhang Bo , Ren Xiuyan , Su Yang 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARY
We propose a novel smoothing regularization scheme for 3-D magnetotelluric (MT) inversion based on unstructured tetrahedral discretization. Different from conventional methods that explicitly add smoothing constraints to model parameters, we choose to do the gradient filtering to smooth the model updates in an implicit way. By transforming the model into a constraint domain, the gradient of the objective function for the parameters in the new domain can be taken as a product of transpose of inverse transformation operator and the conventional gradient. Since the transpose of inverse transformation is designed to be an inverse distance interpolation operator for each tetrahedron, the data fitting term in the gradient can be smoothed in a filtering-like process. We compare our new strategy with the conventional explicit smoothing ones by testing on synthetic data for different noise levels, initial models and regularization factors. The numerical results show that suffering from the unequal volume and random centroid location of adjacent tetrahedrons, the inversion results of conventional methods often demonstrate scattered structures in slices. In contrast, our new method recovers the model in a smooth way and the convergence speed is largely improved. Finally, we adopt the USArray data for further testing and find that comparing to conventional inversion methods, our new strategy can provide more reliable underground structures with better data fitting.
Seismicity modulation due to hydrological loading in a stable continental region: a case study from the Jektvik swarm sequence in Northern Norway
Authors: Shiddiqi Hasbi Ash , Ottemöller Lars , Rondenay Stéphane , Custódio Susana , Gahalaut Vineet K , Yadav Rajeev K , Halpaap Felix , Gahalaut Kalpna 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYSeismic swarms have been observed for more than 40 yr along the coast of Nordland, Northern Norway. However, the detailed spatio-temporal evolution and mechanisms of these swarms have not yet been resolved due to the historically sparse seismic station coverage. An increased number of seismic stations now allows us to study a nearly decade-long sequence of swarms in the Jektvik area during the 2013–2021 time window. Our analysis resolves four major groups of seismic events, each consisting of several spatial clusters, that have distinct spatial and temporal behaviours. Computed focal mechanism solutions are predominantly normal with NNE–SSW strike direction reflecting a near-vertical maximum principal stress and a NW–SE near-horizontal minimum principal stress, which are controlled by local NW–SE extension. We attribute the swarms to fluid-saturated fracture zones that are reactivated due to this local extension. Over the time period, the activity tends to increase between February and May, which coincides with the late winter and beginning of spring time in Norway. We hypothesize that the seismicity is modulated seasonally by hydrological loading from snow accumulation. This transient hydrological load results in elastic deformation that is observed at local Global Navigation Satellite System stations. The loading is shown to promote failure in a critically stressed normal faulting system. Once a segment is activated, it can then also trigger neighboring segments via stress transfer. Our new results point to a close link between lithosphere and hydrosphere contributing to the occurrence of seismic swarm activity in northern Norway.
Genetic architecture of plasma Alzheimer disease biomarkers
Authors: Bradley Joseph , Gorijala Priyanka , Schindler Suzanne E , Sung Yun J , Ances Beau ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, the Human Connectome Project, Ertekin-Taner Nilüfer , Younkin Steven , Golde Todd , Price Nathan , Bennett David , Gaiteri Christopher , De Jager Philip , Zhang Bin , Schadt Eric , Ehrlich Michelle , Haroutunian Vahram , Gandy Sam , Iijima Koichi , Noggle Scott , Mangravite Lara , Fernandez Maria V , Cruchaga Carlos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) biomarker levels have identified novel genes implicated in disease risk, onset and progression. However, lumbar punctures have limited availability and may be perceived as invasive. Blood collection is readily available and well accepted, but it is not clear whether plasma biomarkers will be informative for genetic studies. Here we perform genetic analyses on concentrations of plasma amyloid-β peptides Aβ40 (n = 1,467) and Aβ42 (n = 1,484), Aβ42/40 (n = 1467) total tau (n = 504), tau phosphorylated (p-tau181; n = 1079) and neurofilament light (NfL; n = 2,058). GWAS and gene-based analysis was used to identify single variant and genes associated with plasma levels. Finally, polygenic risk score and summary statistics were used to investigate overlapping genetic architecture between plasma biomarkers, CSF biomarkers and AD risk. We found a total of six genome-wide significant signals. APOE was associated with plasma Aβ42, Aβ42/40, tau, p-tau181 and NfL. We proposed 10 candidate functional genes on the basis of 12 single nucleotide polymorphism-biomarker pairs and brain differential gene expression analysis. We found a significant genetic overlap between CSF and plasma biomarkers. We also demonstrate that it is possible to improve the specificity and sensitivity of these biomarkers, when genetic variants regulating protein levels are included in the model. This current study using plasma biomarker levels as quantitative traits can be critical to identification of novel genes that impact AD and more accurate interpretation of plasma biomarker levels.
4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) enhances drought tolerance of apple by regulating rhizosphere microbial diversity and root architecture
Authors: Zhang Dehui , He Jieqiang , Cheng Pengda , Zhang Yutian , Khan Abid , Wang Shicong , Li Zhongxing , Zhao Shuang , Zhan Xiangqiang , Ma Fengwang , Li Xuewei , Guan Qingmei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The dwarfing rootstocks-mediated high-density apple orchard is becoming the main practice management. Currently, dwarfing rootstocks are widely used worldwide, but their shallow root system and drought sensitivity necessitate high irrigation requirements. Here, the root transcriptome and metabolome of dwarfing (M9-T337, a drought-sensitive rootstock) and vigorous rootstocks (Malus sieversii, a drought-tolerant species, is commonly used as a rootstock) showed that a coumarin derivative, 4-Methylumbelliferon (4-MU), was found to accumulate significantly in the roots of vigorous rootstock under drought condition. When exogenous 4-MU was applied to the roots of dwarfing rootstock under drought treatment, the plants displayed increased root biomass, higher root-to-shoot ratio, greater photosynthesis, and elevated water use efficiency. In addition, diversity and structure analysis of the rhizosphere soil microbial community demonstrated that 4-MU treatment increased the relative abundance of putatively beneficial bacteria and fungi. Of these, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Chryseolinea bacterial strains and Acremonium, Trichoderma, and Phoma fungal strains known for root growth, or systemic resistance against drought stress, were significantly accumulated in the roots of dwarfing rootstock after 4-MU treatment under drought stress condition. Taken together, we identified a promising compound—4-MU, as a useful tool, to strengthen the drought tolerance of apple dwarfing rootstock.
Omics analyses in citrus reveal a possible role of RNA translation pathways and Unfolded Protein Response regulators in the tolerance to combined drought, high irradiance, and heat stress
Authors: Balfagón Damián , Zandalinas Sara I , dos Reis de Oliveira Tadeu , Santa-Catarina Claudete , Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Environmental changes derived from global warming and human activities increase the intensity and frequency of stressful conditions for plants. Multiple abiotic factors acting simultaneously enhance stress pressure and drastically reduce plant growth, yield, and survival. Stress combination causes a specific stress situation that induces a particular plant response different to the sum of responses to the individual stresses. Here, by comparing transcriptomic and proteomic profiles to different abiotic stress combinations in two citrus genotypes, Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) and Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni), with contrasting tolerance to different abiotic stresses, we revealed key responses to the triple combination of heat stress, high irradiance and drought. The specific transcriptomic response to this stress combination in Carrizo was directed to regulate RNA metabolic pathways and translation processes, potentially conferring an advantage with respect to Cleopatra. In addition, we found endoplasmic reticulum stress response as common to all individual and combined stress conditions in both genotypes and identified the accumulation of specific groups of heat shock proteins (HSPs), such as small HSPs and HSP70s, and regulators of the unfolded protein response, BiP2 and PDIL2-2, as possible factors involved in citrus tolerance to triple stress combination. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the acclimation process of citrus plants to multiple stress combination, necessary for increasing crop tolerance to the changing climatic conditions.
Appropriation and the rewriting of rights
Authors: Huckerby Jayne , Knuckey Sarah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The protective reach of human rights has expanded over time. However, some have argued that this expansion constitutes illegitimate rights inflation, and for some conservative stakeholders, the modern development of rights has been at odds with their positions on issues such as reproductive rights and marriage equality. Against this backdrop, the Trump Administration launched the Commission on Unalienable Rights in 2019 to “reexamine” rights. It might be expected that such an initiative would reject human rights. However, it embraced rights discourse, positioned it as central to US values and policy, and called on the United States to pursue rights with “renewed vigor.” This article offers a decoding of this apparent embrace. We argue that rather than renewing commitments to rights, the Commission appropriated human rights. It reworked the human rights canon from within by elevating some rights over others, and by narrowing rights in line with conservative takes on where rights come from, who they should protect, and which rights matter. This article offers a framework for analyzing how appropriation happens, and where and in what ways it is contested. We identify four core elements to appropriation and spaces for challenging it: messenger and motive legitimacy; process legitimacy; substantive legitimacy; and norm diffusion. This framework makes visible the sites and processes of appropriation under the cover of protecting rights, that in practice seek to roll back understandings of right and their sources. While the Commission was disavowed by the subsequent US administration, conservative efforts to redefine rights are ongoing—including through promotion of the Commission’s work—and share many of the same normative underpinnings of the Commission’s establishment and rollout. Making apparent the strategies and mechanisms of appropriation through this case-study therefore enables recognition of future conservative moves to appropriate rights and provides insights into how to resist such efforts.
Pre-pubertal accelerometer-assessed physical activity and timing of puberty in British boys and girls: the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Cheng Tuck Seng , Brage Soren , van Sluijs Esther M F , Ong Ken K 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly puberty timing is associated with adverse health outcomes. We aimed to examine prospective associations between objectively measured physical activity and puberty timing in boys and girls.MethodsIn the UK Millennium Cohort Study, physical activity volume and intensities at 7 years were measured using accelerometers. Status of several pubertal traits and age at menarche were reported at 11, 14 and 17 years. Age at menarche in girls was categorized into tertiles. Other puberty traits were categorized into earlier or later than the median ages calculated from probit models, separately in boys and girls. Multivariable regression models, with adjustment for maternal and child characteristics including body mass index (BMI) at age 7 years as potential confounders, were performed to test the associations of total daily activity counts and fractions of activity counts across intensities (in compositional models) with puberty timing, separately in boys (n = 2531) and girls (n = 3079).ResultsHigher total daily activity counts were associated with lower risks for earlier (vs later) growth spurt, body hair growth, skin changes and menarche in girls, and more weakly with lower risks for earlier skin changes and voice breaking in boys (odds ratios = 0.80–0.87 per 100 000 counts/day). These associations persisted on additional adjustment for BMI at 11 years as a potential mediator. No association with puberty timing was seen for any physical activity intensity (light, moderate or vigorous).ConclusionsMore physical activity regardless of intensity may contribute to the avoidance of earlier puberty timing, independently of BMI, particularly in girls.