bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing the Chemical Fertilizer by Nano Fertilizers in Two Varieties of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Al-Bayati Hussein J. M. , Alabade Ahmed I. Y. , Al-Khashab Safwan M. H. , Malallah Kalid A. G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in the field of vegetables at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape, the University of Mosul, during the spring season of 2021 to demonstrate the possibility of reducing the ground addition of NPK fertilizer by foliar Nano NPK fertilizer with two concentrations (2 and 4 g l-1) in two potato cultivars Montreal and Arizona, The study was conducted in split plots system based on of RCBD, cultivars Factor as a main plots, the fertilizer combinations arranged in the subplots with three replicates, and the results were as follows: The treatment of the fertilizer combination 50% ground fertilizer + 4 g l-1 Nano fertilizer in the Arizona variety (T2) significantly increased the number of total and marketing tubers, the fertilizer combination 50% ground fertilizer + 4 g l-1 Nano fertilizer in Montreal variety (T2) significantly increased total and marketing average weight tuber, total and marketing yield of the plant, the whole and marketing yield of tubers (52.866 and 51.088 t ha-1), respectively, the fertilizer combination of 25% ground fertilizer + 4 g l-1 Nano fertilizer increased the rate of dry matter and starch in tubers (18.48 and 12.48%) respectively.
Effect of Explants Type and Plant Growth Regulators on the Stimulation and Multiplication of Vegetative Branches of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in Vitro
Authors: Kadhim Shurook Hakim , Almukhtar Sarab A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The study included the use of plant tissue culture technology in the use of plant parts and different combinations in the emergence and multiplication of farms of the vegetative branches of the fenugreek plant(1,2,3)mg.l-1 BA, and the second stage was carried out by cultivating the growths resulting from the nodes grown in the previous stage on the MS medium, which was prepared with different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3) mg.l-1 BA and (0.0,0.1,0.2,0.4)mg.L-1 NAA. The study’s results showed that the concentration of 2 mg.L-1 BA achieved a response rate of 80% compared to the peaks that did not respond. The results also showed that the same concentration of benzyl adenine achieved the highest rate in the number and length of branches, and the number of leaves reached 8.69.plant-1, 4.00 cm, 26.33 leaves.plant) respectively, compared with the control treatment that achieved the lowest rate, and the concentration 0.2 mg.l-1 NAA excelled in achieving the highest rate of the number of branches and leaves reached (7.49 branches. plant-1 and 21.50 leaves.plant-1) respectively. In comparison, the concentration of 0.4 mg.l-1 NAA excelled in achieving the highest average length of branches, reaching 3.92 cm.
The Influence of Salinity Levels of Irrigation Water and Spraying with Alphatocopherol on some Vegetative Qualities of Citrus Rangpur Origin (Citrus Limonia)
Authors: Jabar Shirin S. , Ethbeab Ihsan J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
On Dhi-Qar University’s Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering used their Saran-covered plastic greenhouse during the 2022 growing season for an experiment. The experiment started on 15 \ 1\ 2022. The experiment was designed as a working experiment according to the design of complete randomized block Design (R.C.B.D, the experiment included two factors, the main factor was the stages of salinity of irrigation water (1, 2, 4) decimens. M-1 and the second agent is Tocopherol (0 a–, 150, 300 ) mg. L-1 is produced by the Indian company HIMEDIA with three repeaters. Important findings from the study included the fact that as saline levels in irrigation water increased, most of the attributes under investigation suffered considerable declines, especially the Level (4 decimens M-1), which gave the lowest rates in the qualities (plant height rate, stem diameter rate, branch number rate, leaf number rate, leaf area rate, soft weight rate of the vegetative total, dry weight rate of the vegetative total), as the measurements reached (60.24 CM. Plant-1, 5.51 mm Plant-1, 4.46 branches. Plant -1, 75.11 leaves. Plant -1, 965.00 cm2. Plant-1, 45.09 G. Plant-1, 15.45 G. Plant-1) respectively, as to add a – Tocopherol sprayed on the vegetative total has a positive moral effect and the treatment exceeded (300) mg. L-1 gave the highest measurements in the following characteristics (plant height rate, stem diameter rate, branch number rate, leaf number rate, leaf area rate, soft weight rate of the vegetative total, dry weight rate of the vegetative total), reaching (78.17 CM. Plant-1, 7.74 mm Plant-1, 7.58 branches. Plant -1, 88.04 leaves. Plant -1, 1661.33 cm2. Plant-1, 55.06 G. Plant-1, 19.44 G. Plant-1) respectively.
Response of Growth Characteristics and Yield of Broccoli Hybrids to Foliar Spraying with Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Al-Shammari Aziz Mahdi Abd , Abbas Diana Khudar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The field experiment was conducted during the agricultural season 2021-2022 at the research station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala to study the effect of foliar feeding with nano and chelated copper for five broccoli hybrids. The study included two factors; The first factor is five broccoli hybrids: Jassmine (V1), 2004 (V2), Zen (V3), Matsuri (V4) and Danar (V5). The second factor has four application treatments of spraying copper: these are, zero concentration, which is spraying with distilled water only (F0), the second is chelated copper 40 mg L-1 (F2), the third is nano-copper 10 mg L-1 (F3) and the fourth is nano-copper 20 mg L-1. The experiment was performed at a split plot system and according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The data were collected and analysed statistically using the statistical program (SAS) and the averages were compared with Duncan’s polynomial test at the 0.05 probability level. The number of leaves, the percentage of dry matter in the leaves, the plant yield per square meter, the early appearance of the curd, the percentage of total soluble solids in the curd, and the concentration of vitamin C in the broccoli were examined. The results of the experiment showed the superiority of the Danar hybrid in the number of leaves, while the Zen hybrid was superior in the diameter of the stem and the 2004 hybrid was distinguished in the percentage of dry matter in the leaves, the early appearance of the curd, the highest yield per square meter, the best total soluble solids ratio, and the highest concentration of vitamin C in the curd. The results also showed that foliar spraying with nano-copper had a positive effect on most vegetative growth characteristics and yield, as the spraying with a concentration of 20 mg L-1 of nano-copper outperformed the percentage of dry matter in the leaves as for the number of leaves and stem diameter, the highest values were recorded in the plant yield per square meter, in the percentage of total soluble solids, and the concentration of vitamin C in the crop.
Determining the Fertility Characteristics of Iraqi Local Chickens by Studying the Variance in the Characteristics of Semen
Authors: Rashid Luay Mohammed , Khalid Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Iraqi local chicken is national wealth, so it is necessary to work on increasing knowledge of its fertilization capabilities. The current research aims to identify the local breeds that have fertility characteristics by studying the variance in semen quality and comparing it with some characteristics of the semen of other local breeds. Replicates of white breeds W, Black B, and striped BW were adopted at 60 weeks of age. Semen values according to the characteristics of colour, the volume of semen, number and concentration of sperm, percentage of abnormalities, live and dead sperm, and individual and collective motility. Semen colour for all breeds was pearly white, and there had been no big differences in the characteristics of semen size, sperm count, concentration, individual and collective motility, and percentage of dead sperm. While, the white and striped breeds significantly outperformed the black breed (P≤0.05) in the proportion of stay sperms. Black breed significantly outperformed the rest of the study breeds in the percentage of sperm abnormalities, as it turned out that the study breeds had good fertility characteristics compared to other local breeds.
The Effect of the Nutritional Value Enhancing of the Diet Provided to Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. by Adding Organic Selenium and Vitamin E on Growth Parameters and Food Utilization
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Adnan , Mohammad Mahmoud A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Farmed fish are subjected to different types of stress, including grading, transfer, crowding and vaccination, which can expose the fish to different risks. Therefore, researchers are resorted to the use of many feed additives. The aim of the current research is to promote growth and reduce oxidative stress by adding different levels of organic selenium with or without vitamin α-tocopherol. A total of 24 glass aquariums are used to feed 168 common carp fingerlings, Cyprinus carpio L., with an average weight of 31 ± 2 gm/fish on eight experimental diets with three replications for each treatment. The diets offered to the fish include the control (diet 1), while organic selenium is added in the form of seleniumthionine, in proportions of 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 mg/kg (second, third and fourth diets). The fifth, sixth and seventh diets all include the same amounts of organic selenium along with 300 mg/kg of α-tocopherol, while the eighth diet only has α-tocopherol. The statistical analysis reveals that the addition of organic selenium, α-tocopherol, or both lead to a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the parameters of final weight, total weight gain, daily growth rate, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, protein retention, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value compared to the control diet.
Effect of Lambing Season on Milk Quality and Hygiene of Awassi Sheep
Authors: Al-Hamdani Abdul Rhman B. , Al-Farha Abd Al-Bar , Al-Hamdani Khalid H. S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The current study was carried out from October 15, 2021, to June 15, 2022, in the area of animal production at the Agricultural Technical College, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq. 24 Awassi ewes between the ages of 2-3, were employed in the study and split into two groups. In the first group, 12 ewes had winter lambs in December–January and 12 ewes had spring lambs in March–April. This was required to determine how the season affected some productive and biochemical blood features. The milk yield and its component of Awassi sheep, in addition to measuring the weights of the ewes and lambs, the weight gain every two weeks, final weight gain, relative growth rate, and some biochemical characteristics, as well as the number of somatic cells in milk, the estrus of the ewes was standardized using vaginal sponges. The results revealed that the body weight of ewes with spring births in the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, and twelfth weeks was significantly (P0.05) greater than that of ewes with spring births. There was a substantial (P0.05) rise in the average weight of lambs with spring births in the tenth and twelfth weeks of the trial, as well as a significant increase in the relative growth rate of lambs with spring births in the tenth week. In addition, the total rate of weight gains increased. The season had a noticeable effect on milk production, as ewes with spring births produced significantly more milk in the second, fourth, eighth, and tenth weeks after birth. In the eighth and tenth week of the experiment, nonfat solids were consumed. Except for the fourth week of the trial, the number of somatic cells in the milk of spring-born ewes increased significantly (P0.05) in all other weeks of the study. The weights of ewes and lambs, as well as the total weight gain, increased during the spring. furthermore, the proportions of fat, protein, and solid non-fat percentage increased significantly. In addition to an increase in the number of somatic cells and the prevalence of mastitis, the milk of spring-born ewes is non-fatty.
Effect of Cotton and Soybean Intercropping on the Production Indicators of the Two Crops
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Kalil , Aziz Jasim Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The results of the competitive indicators between cotton and soybean showed that the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) for soybean crop (Lb) was greater than that of cotton (La) in the distance of 10 cm and for all IS’S as well as the planting distances of 15, 20 and 25 cm at the IS of 1 cotton: 2 soybean. While planting at a distance of 15, 20, and 25 cm, when IS (1: 1) and (1: 2) cotton: soybean, LER for cotton (La) was greater than for soybean (Lb). It also gave Crop Performance Ratio (CPR) for cotton higher than soybean when planting at a distance of 15, 20 and 25 cm in all IS’S, as well as when planting at a distance of 10 cm when IS’S were (1: 2) and (2: 2) cotton: soybeans. The values of Relative Crowding Coefficient (RCC) were higher for the soybean than for cotton under IS of 1 cotton: 2 soybean when planting at a distance of 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm, while the Land Equivalent Coefficient (LEC) values gave yield advantage in IS of 2 cotton: 2 soybeans, for all planted distances, and it ranged between, 0.25-0.33. The values of the Competition Ratio (CR) for cotton were higher than one in the IS of 2 cotton: 2 soybean at all planting distances. While the values of (CR) were greater than one for soybean at the IS of 1 cotton: 2 soybean and for all planting distances. The aggressivity (A) for cotton was positive in the IS of 2 cotton: 2 soybean and negative for the IS of 1 cotton: 2 soybean at all planting distances.
Response of Barley Cultivars to Weed Control with Herbicides and Datura Leaf Extract and Its Reflection on Growth Indicators
Authors: Safi Suhad Mathkoor A. , Hammood Watheq Falhi , Al-Khaldy Rafid Ahmed Abbas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out to find out the effect of selected chemical herbicides (Crash+ U46-Combifiluid) and Datura leaf extract (4 leaf age) on companion weeds of two barley cultivars (IPA99 and IPA 265), coupled with certain growth indicators of these two cultivars. The results showed the superiority of the two treatments of spraying weed herbicides (T1) and Datura leaf extract (T2), as they recorded the lowest weed dry weight amounted to 4.75 and 17.18 grams/meters-2. Along with, the highest inhibition ratio in dry weight was 96.14% and 86.09%, the highest number of tillers was 522.00 and 428.00 tiller. meters -2, the highest plant height of 104.34 and 98.28 cm, the highest flag leaf area was 13.28 and 10.34 cm2. Besides, the highest dry weight of 1343.80 and 1207.50 grams/meters-2 for the two treatments respectively, compared with the control treatment (Weedy) T3, which recorded the highest weed dry weight of 122.16 grams/meters-2. In the same role, the lowest inhibition ratio of 0.00%, and the lowest number of tillers was 322.50 tillers. meters-2, the lowest plant height, the lowest flag leaf area, and the lowest dry weight were 86.98 cm and 7.35 cm2, and 906.90 grams/meters-2, respectively. Furthermore, the IPA 99 cultivar was significantly superior by giving the lowest weed dry weight of 42.90 grams/meters-2, the highest inhibition ratio of 64.24%, the highest plant height of 103.25 cm, and the highest dry weight of 1175.80 grams/meters-2. In comparison, the above cultivar exceeded the IPA 265 cultivar, which recorded the highest dry weight of weed of 53.16 grams/meters-2 and lowest averages for plant height and plant dry weight of 89.93 cm and 1129.80 cm2 respectively. The two cultivars did not differ significantly in the number of tillers. meters-2 and leaf area cm2. It was observed that the cultivars could reduce the weed’s dry weights and thus inhibit its growth, meaning that it had the ability to compete with the companion weeds. The two treatments T1 and T2 were superior with IPA 99 & IPA 265 by giving the best combination in reducing the weed dry weight by 88 and 5.61 grams/meters-2, the inhibition ratio was 96.79% and 95.50%, the number of tillers was 531.70 and 512.30 tiller. meters-2. In addition to the dry weight of the crop plants was 1360.00 and 1327.70 grams/meters-2 for the two treatments and the two cultivars respectively, compared with the treatment T3, which recorded with IPA 99 and IPA 265 the highest dry weight of weed of 119.95 and 124.36 grams/meters-2. On the other hand, the lowest inhibition ratio of 0.00% for both cultivars, the number of tillers was 281.70 and 363.30 tiller. meters-2, and the dry weight of the crop plants were 910.50 and 903.40 grams/meters-2 for the two cultivars respectively.
Effect of Planting Dates on Yield and Its Components for Five Genotypes of Coarse Wheat, Triticum durum Desf L.
Authors: Al-Ziyadi Hanan Dakhel , Al-Taher Faisal Mihbes 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the field at the Warka extension to the Agricultural Extension Service Department in the Ministry of Agriculture for the winter season 2022-2021 (north of Muthanna ), With a view to understanding how efficiently five newly introduced genotypes of coarse wheat and determining the best ones for the region’s conditions under the influence of different planting dates, The experiment was applied using Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) and Split Plot Design, along with three replications. the four dates for sowing (1/11, 10/11, 20/11 and 30/11) occupied the main plates, while the genotypes (G1133, G65 and G1105 and G1229 and the approved variety for comparison, Bohooth-7, Divided Plots. The findings indicated that the first meeting D1 (1/11) outperformed the number of spikes and the weight of one thousand grains with averages of (334.7 spikes/m2 and 49.99g), while the second date D2 (10/11) was superior in terms of spike count and grain weight, with averages of (50.00 grains, spike-1. and 13.92 tons.ha-1), while the third date D3 (20/11) exceeded the harvest index by (34.57%), While genotype G65 achieved the highest biological yield of 13.00 tons.ha-1, and genotype G1229 achieved the highest average number of spikes, which amounted to 3493 spikes.m-2, and genotype G1133 gave having the most grains per spike, which amounted to 50.97 grains. Spike-1, while the genotype gave Genetic G1105 The highest weight of a thousand grains was 43.93 g.
Relationship of Improving Triticale Stored Seed Field Emergence by α-Amylase Enzyme on some Growth Characteristic and Biological Yield
Authors: Muhammed Balsam Salih , Mohammed Labed Sharief 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at the Research Station of the Field Crops Department - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University for the season 2021-2022. The experiment aimed to test the stimulating efficiency of stored triticale seed (Farah variety) by using water and alpha-amylase (α-amylase) enzyme. The experiment was carried out using a split plots arrangement, and the treatments were distributed according to a randomized complete block design in three replications. The main plots contained seed storage treatments for 6 months, 1.5, and 2.5 years, and the subplots treatments included seed stimulation treatments with distilled water, and concentrations of 1 and 2 mg L-1 in addition to the control treatment (dry seeds). The results showed a significant decrease in the percentage of emergence, crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), biological yield, and harvest index by increasing the storage period which did not affect the chlorophyll index in leaves significantly. Stimulation with the concentration of 1 mg L-1 recorded the best improvement in the characteristics of emergence percentage (88.77%), crop growth rate (0.02395 gm day-1), and harvest index (38.80 %). Stimulated seeds with a concentration of 2 mg L-1 gave the highest biological yield of 15.108 tons ha-1. However, it did not differ significantly from the stimulation treatment of 1 mg L-1. Stimulation factors did not affect the net assimilation rate and chlorophyll index. The interaction between factors was not significant according to the analysis of variance with the exception of the trait of biological yield, and the best interaction was between storage treatment for 6 months and concentration of 1 mg L-1 in most of the traits under study.
Response of Cultivars of Maize (Zea mays.L) to Silicon under the Influence of Water Stress
Authors: Alkhafagi Hayder Hilal Abbas , Alnuaimi Jassim Jawad Jader 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the autumn season 2021 to find out the effectiveness of (silicon) in the performance of maize cultivars by the effect of water stress. The split-split plot experiment was designed with RCBD design with three Replication, including(3) irrigation Treatments (I3, I2, I1) placed in the main plot, while the secondary panels They were include to the concentrations of spraying with silicon (potassium silicate) (K2SiO3) (C3,C2,C1). As for the varieties (V3, V2, V1), respectively, they were placed in the sub-sub secondary panels. The results showed that there were significant differences for the irrigation treatment when depleting 50% of the available water (I1) and its interactions with the concentrations of silicon (C) and varieties (V) in the relative water content of the leaves %, the number of cob.plant-1, the weight of 500 grains(g.m) and the total yield(ton.h-1), as the combination (v2*c3*I1) achieved The highest average of the traits was 87.73%, 1.4333 (cob. plant-1), 96.21(gm.500grains), 5.553 (tons. H-1) respectively. And there were no significant differences between the depletion treatments (50, 70%) of the available water and between the two combinations (v2*c3*I1) and (v2*c3*I2) which achieved similar rates in the average of the aforementioned traits. The lowest rate for the traits was When the depletion treatment was 90% available water (I3) and its interactions, where the combination ((v1*c1*I3) achieved the lowest rates of 58.62%, 0.7667 (cob. plant-1), 74.07(gm.500 grains), 2.810 (ton. H-1). respectively, The results of the table show that the binary interaction between the water depletion coefficients and silicon concentrations (I*C) is significantly superior to the interaction (I1*C3) (50%, 1.5 ml/L-1 silicon) Significant superiority in the average of the above-mentioned traits reached 85.20%, 1.3222 (cob. plant-1), 94.13 (gm.500 grains), 5.383 (ton. H-1) respectively, and the lowest rate was when overlapping (I3 * C1) for all traits under study. The effect of the depletion treatments (I) was superior to the depletion treatment (I1) 50% of available water for all characteristics. The binary interaction between the depletion treatments and cultivars (I*V) led to the superiority of the interaction (I1*V2), as it also gave the highest rate for the previous traits and it reached 83.39%, 1.3522 (cob.plant-1), 93.36(gm.500grains) (5.363. ton.h-1) respectively. As for the lowest rate of traits, it was at the overlap (I3*V1). The highest rate of traits for the cultivars was Sumer (V2). The binary interaction between the cultivars and the concentrations (C*V) was significant when the interaction (C3*V2) gave the highest rates for the previous traits, which amounted to 78.90%, 1.3144 (cob. Plant-1), respectively, and the highest rate of the characters was at the concentration (C3) (1.5 ml/L-1), while the lowest rate of the characters was when the measurement treatment without spraying (C1) (0 ml/L-1).