bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective effects of omega‐3 oil on aluminium‐induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus of female Wistar rats
Authors: Nyen Tangban Cynthia , Prescillia Ajibade Testimony 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAluminium chloride, an environmental toxicant induces neurotoxicity by increasing anxiety, causing cognitive deficit and memory impairment due to its effects on the hippocampus. Omega‐3 oil has been shown to improve cognition in neurologic disorders.MethodForty adult female rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 10). Group A received distilled water, group B received 100mg/kg aluminium chloride, group C received 300mg/kg of omega‐3 oil and group D received 100mg/kg Alcl3 and 300mg/kg omega‐3 one hour interval. All treatment was done orally for 28 days. Neurobehavioural test was done and the rats sacrificed on day 29. The hippocampus was dissected out and some preserved in phosphate buffered saline at 4°C and pH, 7.2 for oxidative stress and antioxidant markers, while others fixed in 10% formol‐saline for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Data analyzed using one way analysis of variance at p<0.05.ResultThe Alcl3‐treated rats showed deficit in cognition and spatial memory, increased oxidative stress marker and decreased antioxidant system compared with the control and omega‐3 oil‐treated groups. The hippocampus showed Pyramidal cell degeneration, vacuolation, karyorrhexis and pyknosis, and increased reactive astrocyte and B‐Cell lymphoma‐associated X‐protein (BAX) in the Alcl3‐treated group compared with the control and omega‐3 oil‐treated groups. Aluminium chloride induced oxidative stress, negative cognitive behaviour, memory loss and decreased the antioxidant capacity in the hippocampus of Wistar ratsConclusionOmega‐3 oil attenuated these negative effects suggesting its neuroprotective capability possibly through upregulating the antioxidant system, reducing astrogliosis or by preventing the pro‐apoptotic cascade.
Decentralised clinical trials for medications to reduce the risk of dementia: consensus report and guidance
Authors: Howard Leanne , Abdelnour Carla , Abner Erin L. , Allegri Ricardo , Dodge Hiroko H , Gauthier Serge , Hoyos Camilla M , Jicha Gregory A , Kehoe Patrick Gavin , Mummery Catherine J. , Ogunniyi Adesola , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Chen Xiaoying , Titiner Jodi R. , Weber Christopher J. , Peters Ruth , Trial The Clinical , Group Methodology Professional Interest Area Remote Trial Working 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundRecent growth in the functionality and use of technology has prompted an increased interest in the potential for remote or decentralised clinical trials in dementia. There are many potential benefits associated with decentralised medication trials, but the field is currently lacking specific recommendations for their delivery in the dementia field.MethodA modified Delphi method engaged a panel with substantial expertise in dementia trial design and delivery and backgrounds that included neurology, psychiatry, pharmacology and psychology, to develop recommendations for the conduct of decentralised medication trials in dementia prevention. A working group of researchers and clinicians with expertise in dementia trials further refined the recommendations.ResultOverall, the recommendations support the delivery of decentralised remote trials in dementia prevention provided adequate safety checks and balances are included. A total of 40 recommendations will be presented, spanning aspects of decentralised clinical trials dementia prevention trials in phases 2b‐4, including safety, dispensing, outcome assessment, and data collection.ConclusionWith these recommendations we provide an accessible, pragmatic guide for the design and conduct of remote medication trials for the prevention of dementia.
Identifying an EEG Biomarker for Memory Recall through EEG and EDA in the Presence of Music
Authors: Das Rupak Kumar , Khan Arshia A , Imtiaz Nabiha Zainab 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThere is ample evidence that music can boost brain activity and jog deeply embedded memories. Literature indicates a significant improvement in autobiographical memory (ABM) recall for different individuals during background music sessions. Existing research is based solely on qualitative data, although music has a significant impact on physiological activity. Thus, it's important to explore the connection between memory recall and physiological activities.MethodTo better understand memory recall, the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrodermal activity (EDA) data were gathered from healthy participants using wearable sensors. Physiological signals such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrodermal activity (EDA) were recorded as quantitative data using various wearable sensors from 40 participants of different age groups while playing different background music sessions. The study involved listening to nine music sessions (three happy, three sad, and three neutral). Immediately after each piece of music, a post‐study survey was conducted to gauge if the participants recalled any autobiographical memories. A machine learning algorithm was developed to train a model using features collected from physiological data to determine if the memory recall was successful. The purpose of the study was to identify an EEG biomarker.ResultThe results of the EEG and EDA data analysis revealed that for all four EEG channels, there was a consistent increase in the alpha power (on average 16.2%) during the memory “recall” scenario (F3: p = 0.0066, F7: p = 0.0386, F4: p = 0.0023, and F8: p = 0.0288) compared to the “no‐recall” control. There was also a significant surge in the Beta power for two channels (F3: p = 0.0100 and F4: p = 0.0210) but not for the control (F7: p = 0.6792 and F8: p = 0.0814). Additionally, the EDA data analysis revealed significant differences in the phasic standard deviation (p = 0.0260), phasic max (p = 0.0011), phasic energy (p = 0.0478), tonic min (p = 0.0092), tonic standard deviation (p = 0.0171), and phasic energy (p = 0.0478). This implies that the memory recall biomarker is alpha power (8–12 Hz).ConclusionThe results indicate that the biomarker for memory recall is alpha power (8‐12Hz).
Strategies and challenges for recruiting and retaining illiterate older adults with low socioeconomical levels in a non‐pharmacological trial: the PROAME study
Authors: Resende Elisa de Paula França , Friedlaender Clarisse Vasconcelos , Rocha João Victor de Faria , Zacarias Ana Paula , Assenção Joanna de Castro Magalhães , Ruppert Emma Patrice , Tomaz Kelle Luisa dos Santos , Grinberg Lea T. , Caramelli Paulo , Maciel Francisca Izabel Pereira 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundRecruiting and retaining older adults for clinical trials is challenging, especially in low‐resource settings. Such challenges led to a systematic exclusion of such participants from clinical trials, compromising the generalizability of the results obtained in high income countries.ObjectiveHere we describe the strategies we used in the PROAME study for recruiting and retaining illiterate older adults from low socioeconomical levels in a non‐pharmacological trial.MethodsThe PROAME study was conducted in Brazil (NCT04473235) to access whether late‐life education could improve episodic memory and functional connectivity in illiterate older adults. The sample size calculation to test the hypothesis was 120, 60 in each arm, with an 90% power to detect a significant difference between the groups.ResultsFrom 2021 to 2022, 130 illiterate older adults were approached at public adult schools. To help in the recruitment, we partnered with community adult schools and promoted educational lectures about brain health and the importance of participating in research. We provided groups sessions with participants and teachers to help the understanding of the informed consent. The main barrier for recruiting was afraid of undergoing the brain MRI scan, which accounted for 42% (9/21) of screening failure. After screening, 108 participants were recruited, 57% Blacks, 32% Mixed and 10% Whites. Most participants were women (71.3%), from low socioeconomic status (91%) with barely any formal education (mean of 1.9 ±2.1 years). Participants were allocated into 2 groups: the intervention received an intensive training in learning how to read and write, while the control received regular classes of math, geography, history, and sciences. The main barrier for retention was the need to work at the time the intervention was being performed, followed by severe diseases such as stroke. Seventy‐seven participants completed the follow up‐assessments after 6 months of intervention, an attrition rate of 28%.ConclusionsPartnership with local communities outside the health care system helped in recruiting as we reached our sample size, but the low socioeconomical levels of participants forced them to abandon the intervention as they had to work.
Physical frailty, genetic predisposition, and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 274,194 participants
Authors: Gao Pei‐Yang , Tan Lan , Yu Jin‐Tai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundFrailty, a condition characterized by functional decline, is recognized as a potential modifiable risk factor for dementia prevention. Genetic risk is also considered an unregulated risk for dementia. However, their joint effect remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the long‐term associations of physical frailty, genetic predisposition, and their combined effect on dementia risk.MethodParticipants without baseline dementia from the UK Biobank were included in this prospective longitudinal cohort study. Physical frailty was measured by the frailty phenotype, which comprises five components: slow walking speed, low physical activity, exhaustion, low grip strength, and weight loss; and a polygenic risk score (PRS) for dementia with low, intermediate, and high risk categories. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the association between physical frailty and genetic and dementia risks.ResultOf the 274,194 participants (females, 146,574 [53.45%]; mean age, 57.24), 3,353 new‐onset dementia events were documented. Compared to non‐frailty, the hazard ratio (HR) for dementia incidence in pre‐frailty and frailty was 1.396 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.294–1.506, P < 0.001) and 2.304 (95% CI, 2.030‐2.616, P < 0.001), respectively. Compared to non‐frailty and low PRS, the HR for dementia risk was 3.908 (95% CI, 3.051‐5.006, P < 0.001) for frailty and high PRS, which was monotonically increasing risk of incident dementia across the frailty status and PRS categories. Furthermore, slow walking speed (HR, 1.817; 95% CI, 1.640‐2.014, P < 0.001), low physical activity (HR, 1.719; 95% CI, 1.545–1.912, P < 0.001), exhaustion (HR, 1.670; 95% CI, 1.502–1.856, P < 0.001), low grip strength (HR, 1.606; 95% CI, 1.479–1.744, P < 0.001), and weight loss (HR, 1.464; 95% CI, 1.328–1.615, P < 0.001) were independently associated with dementia risk compared to non‐frailty. Additionally, precise differences among different dementia genetic risk populations were also identified due to differences in dementia risk resulting from the constitutive patterns of frailty.ConclusionBoth physical frailty and high genetic risk are significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia. Early intervention to modify frailty is beneficial for achieving primary and precise prevention of dementia, particularly in those with a high genetic risk.
The Lived Experience of Participants in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Intervention Research
Authors: Meserve Nancy F 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPreclinical Alzheimer’s prevention trials require a multi‐year commitment from diverse, cognitively unimpaired individuals willing to receive biomarker results of confirmed Alzheimer’s pathology and possible ApoE4 status. Participants learn new terms such as ARIA, edema and microhemorrhage and undergo numerous MRI scans for safety monitoring. They take quarterly composite Alzheimer’s assessments that are anxiety‐provoking and highlight weaknesses which may have been unrecognized in daily life. Infusions are often described as an hour in length, yet study visits may require several hours biweekly for record‐updating, infusion preparation and delivery, monitoring, and travel. Such a commitment has few, if any, corollaries in prevention of asymptomatic disease. Researchers and clinical site staff can benefit from the lived experience of preclinical trial participants. Their individual priorities, risk/benefit calculations, preferences for information and disclosure, engagement with their communities and hope for themselves and others may differ significantly from those with confirmed diagnoses in trials of disease‐modifying treatments.In this talk, a woman with two copies of ApoE4, in her third year of the AHEAD‐45 preclinical‐AD trial on lecanemab, will portray her experience of trial participation, She reports also on her conversations with other current and future participants in this or similar studies. The perspective of a participant on biomarker and genetic disclosure, risk discussion and safety monitoring, symptom reporting, unscheduled MRIs, disclosure of isolated ARIA‐H and resumption of infusions will extend the understanding of how to overcome barriers to participation by others. The acknowledgement of uncertainties and encouragement of dialogue and questions empowers participants to partner with researchers. Recognition of the views of family members more skeptical of prevention than treatment of diagnosed dementia or other life‐threatening diseases may only be possible by listening to participants' experiences. The importance of participation may be best received when shared personally, in community groups and online by participants whose lived experience perspectives speak to the hopes as well as the fears of those with high risk of Alzheimer’s dementia.
Impacts of an Exercise and Behavioral Intervention on Community‐Dwelling Older Adults with Dementia and Their Family Caregivers in Thailand
Authors: Chen Hongtu , Levkoff Sue E , Sihapark Siranee , Hinton Ladson , Thongsiri Sirinart , Wisetpholchai Bussabong , Teri Linda , Gallagher‐Thompson Dolores , Intaraphet Suthida , Wang Kaipeng , Chuengsatiansup Komatra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThis study uses the data collected from the “Partnership in Implementation Science for Geriatric Mental Health (PRISM)” project, a randomized trial designed to test implementation support strategies for the delivery of the Reducing Disability in Alzheimer’s Disease (RDAD) program, an evidence‐based multi‐component exercise and behavioral/psychosocial intervention for older adults with dementia and their family caregivers in Thailand.MethodA total of 353 dyads of persons with dementia (PwD) and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and their family caregivers received a 12‐week RDAD intervention and were assessed at baseline, and at 3‐ and 6‐months post‐treatment. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using paired‐sample t‐tests to estimate the changes in each of the outcomes by treatment groups.ResultPaired t‐tests showed that between baseline and 3 months, there were significant decreases in caregiver clinical outcomes, including caregiver burden (p = 0.047), depressive symptoms (p = 0.02), and BPSD‐related caregiver distress (p < 0.001). Similarly, there were significant decreases between baseline and 3 months in PwD’s mental health indicators, including BPSD symptoms (p < 0.001), BPSD severity (p < 0.002), and depression (p < 0.001). PwDs also showed a significant increase in physical function assessed by ADLs (p < 0.031) and cognitive function, as assessed by the Thai MMSE (TMSE) (p < 0.001), and these trends persisted between the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up assessments, with significant increases in ADLs (p < 0.001) and TMSE (p < 0.001). We also conducted heterogeneity regression analysis to assess whether the time changes might be determined by baseline characteristics (e.g., sex, age, subgroups) and found no significant influences of these factors on changes in outcomes over time.ConclusionThe results suggest that the RDAD intervention significantly reduces caregivers’ psychological burden, depressive symptoms, and BPSD‐related distress and also improves the PwD’s mental, physical, and cognitive function. These findings provide evidence that supports efforts to expand the reach of US‐developed evidence‐based non‐pharmacological interventions to improve dementia care for community dwellers in resource‐limited settings like Thailand.
Erosion of The Supratentorial White Matter Reference for Increased Power in Longitudinal Amyloid PET
Authors: McGinnity Colm J , Peraza Luis R , Parker Richard G , Wolz Robin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundUse of the supratentorial white matter (sWM) as a reference region for amyloid PET, alone or in a composite, can facilitate the detection of subtle changes in amyloid load (Wong et al., 2010; Landau et al., 2015). Investigators often erode the sWM labels to reduce the influence of signal “spill‐in” from grey matter, but the optimal extent of erosion is unclear, and evaluations for 18F tracers other than [18F]florbetapir are scarce (Bullich et al., 2017). We aimed to determine the optimal extent of erosion of the supratentorial white matter by the ability to differentiate between participants who experience divergent disease trajectories.MethodWe used longitudinal PET and T1w‐MR images acquired from participants who did not have Alzheimer’s disease at baseline (sources: ADNI https://adni.loni.usc.edu/, AMYPAD https://amypad.eu/). The participants were classified as “Decline” or “Stable” according to change in cognitive measures, and alternatively in cerebrospinal fluid amyloid‐β42 (CSF‐Aβ42; where available). We used IXICO’s MultiLEAP pipeline to automatically segment the T1w‐MRI into 143 regions with high accuracy (Figure 1). Standardised uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were calculated for the global cortical region using the whole cerebellum (WC) reference region, and using pons‐eroded sWM‐WC composites after erosion by 0 – 5 (1 mm3) voxels (Figure 2). We compared effect sizes (ΔSUVR/year – Decline versus Stable) across all reference regions.ResultIn preliminary analyses using [18F]florbetaben data (scan interval 3±1 years), the WC reference region yielded Cohen’s d of 0.19 for 112 participants classified via cognitive measures, and 0.59 for 35 who could be classified via CSF‐Aβ42. The sWM‐containing composites yielded d values that were 1.8 – 2.1 and 1.08 – 1.17 times higher, respectively, depending on extent of erosion (Figure 3). For both classifications, erosion by two voxels yielded the maximal d (0.40 and 0.69) – equivalent to mean increases in SUVR of 0.8%/1.3% and 0.3%/‐0.3% per year for Decline and Stable, respectively.ConclusionEroded sWM‐containing reference regions appear to offer greater sensitivity to longitudinal change than the WC. Validation of this finding in a larger population and for additional radiotracers is ongoing. We will examine the influence of scanner model on the optimal extent of erosion.
Abdominal Fat Depots are Related to Lower Cognitive Functioning and Brain Volumes in Middle‐aged Males at High Alzheimer’s Risk
Authors: Golan Sapir , Boccara Ethel , Ravona‐Springer Ramit , Inbar Yael , Zelicha Hila , Livny Abigail , Bendlin Barbara B. , Lesman‐Segev Orit H. , Yore Iscka , Heymann Anthony , Sano Mary , Mardor Yael , Azuri Joseph , Beeri Michal S 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundHigh body mass index (BMI), which poorly represents specific fat depots, is linked to poorer cognition and higher dementia risk, with different associations between sexes. We examined associations of abdominal fat depots with cognition and brain volumes and whether sex modifies this association.Method204 healthy middle‐aged Alzheimer’s‐dementia (AD) offspring (mean age = 59.44, 60% females) underwent abdominal magnetic resonance imaging to quantify hepatic, pancreatic, visceral (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), assessment of cognition and brain volumes.ResultIn the whole sample higher hepatic fat % was associated with lower total grey matter volume (β = ‐0.17, p<0.01). Primarily in males, higher pancreatic fat % was associated with lower global cognition (Males: β = ‐0.27, p = 0.03; Females: β = 0.01, p = 0.93) executive function (Males: β = ‐0.27, p = 0.03; Females: β = 0.02, p = 0.87), episodic memory (Males: β = ‐0.28, p = 0.03; Females: β = 0.07, p = 0.48) and inferior frontal gyrus volume (Males: β = ‐0.28, p = 0.02; Females: β = 0.10, p = 0.33). VAT and SAT were inversely associated with middle frontal and superior frontal gyrus volumes in males and females.ConclusionIn middle‐aged males at high AD‐risk, but not in females, higher pancreatic fat, was associated with lower cognition and brain volumes. These findings suggest a potential sex‐specific link between distinct abdominal fat with brain health. By AAIC 2024 300 participants will be scanned, additional brain pathlogies will be assesed (amyloid, tau, etc.) and secreted factors will be evaluated (GLP‐1, Amylin, PAI‐1, leptin, etc). These data may lead to the development of fat depot‐specific interventions, which are expected to prevent or delay brain atrophy and possibly cognitive decline.
Black Family Caregiving Experiences Among Relatives of Persons with Dementia
Authors: Robinson‐Lane Sheria G , Johnson Florence U , Tuyisenge Marie Jean , Jackson Jada A , Qurashi Tasneem , Tripathi Priya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDespite an increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias among Black older adults, large disparities remain in early diagnosis, treatment, and support service referral. Further, services intended to support family caregivers are typically designed around older adult spousal caregivers with little consideration to the wide diversity of families affected by dementia. This qualitative descriptive study examined the caregiving experiences of Black relatives of persons with dementia with the aim of informing the development of more culturally responsive support programming.MethodsThree focus groups of family caregivers (n1 = 6, n2 = 6, n3 = 5) who self‐identified as Black/ African American and reported providing supportive care for a relative over the age of 55 with dementia or evidence of cognitive impairment were convened to answer the primary research question, “what characterizes the experience of Black adults providing supportive care to a relative with dementia?” Virtual focus groups took place via Zoom and transcripts were analyzed thematically by a team of 5 trained coders following the rigorous and accelerated data reduction technique (RADaR).ResultsParticipants, primarily non‐spousal caregivers, identified seven barriers and three facilitators of family caregiving. Barriers included 1) financial challenges, 2) familial expectations and lack of support, 3) managing difficult emotions, 4) managing challenging behaviors of care recipients, 5) dealing with gaps in medical care/ supportive services, 6) preventing or managing institutionalization, and 7) making lifestyle adjustments that support family care. Family caregiving facilitators included 1) faith and/ or faith communities, 2) having a healthcare background, and 3) support from local agencies and community programs.ConclusionThough caregiver experiences align with resilience frameworks, systemic changes are necessary that engage wholistic care delivery models inclusive of multidisciplinary teams that center family as the unit of care. With appropriate multidisciplinary team engagement, families may be more readily connected to social and financial resources that support ongoing community living and quality of life.