bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The retirement years of Doctor Helen B. Taussig: an intersection of art and medicine
Authors: Mainwaring Richard D. , Mainwaring Stephanie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDr Helen B. Taussig (1898–1986) worked a paediatric cardiologist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland from 1930 to 1963. Dr Taussig would become world-renowned for her contributions to the systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt to treat congenital heart patients with cyanosis. This shunt would eventually be named after the surgeon/cardiologist as the Blalock–Taussig shunt. Dr Taussig’s name was also attached to the description of one form of double outlet right ventricle called the Taussig-Bing malformation. Dr Taussig ultimately received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964 as a testimony to her life-long contributions to the field of congenital heart surgery.In 1963, Dr Taussig retired from clinical practice but continued her teaching and academic pursuits at Johns Hopkins for another 14 years. Upon her “second retirement” in 1977, she moved to Kennett Square, PA. This paper will review the retirement years of Dr Helen Taussig and the curious intersection between art and medicine.
Using nomogram scores to predict the early regression of coronary artery aneurysms of Kawasaki disease
Authors: He Yunru , Shao Shuran , Qiao Yanni , Zhang Nanjun , Gong Xue , Hua Yimin , Zhou Kaiyu , Li Yifei , Liu Xiaoliang , Wang Chuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground:Coronary artery aneurysms have been considered the most serious complication of Kawasaki disease. However, some coronary artery aneurysms do regress. Therefore, the ability to predict the expected time of coronary artery aneurysm regression is critical. Herein, we have created a nomogram prediction system to determine the early regression (<1 month) among patients with small to medium coronary artery aneurysms.Methods:Seventy-six Kawasaki disease patients identified with coronary artery aneurysms during the acute or subacute phase were included. All the patients who met inclusion criteria demonstrated regression of coronary artery aneurysms within the first-year post Kawasaki disease diagnosis. The clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between the groups of coronary artery aneurysms regression duration within and beyond 1 month. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent parameters for early regression based on the results from the univariable analysis. Then nomogram prediction systems were established with associated receiver operating characteristic curves.Results:Among the 76 included patients, 40 cases recovered within 1 month. Haemoglobin, globulin, activated partial thromboplastin time, the number of lesions, location of the aneurysm, and coronary artery aneurysm size were identified as independent factors for early regression of coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease patients. The predictive nomogram models revealed a high efficacy in predicting early regression of coronary artery aneurysms.Conclusion:The size of coronary artery aneurysms, the number of lesions, and the location of aneurysms presented better predictive value for predicting coronary artery aneurysms regression. The nomogram system created from the identified risk factors successfully predicted early coronary artery aneurysm regression.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Profile of Patients in SAMU-Asturias EMS (Spain): A Two-Year Retrospective Analysis of Advanced Life Support Unit Data
Authors: Diaz Villanueva Lucia , Lada Colunga Barbara , Villanueva Ordóñez Maria José , Cuartas Álvarez Tatiana , Cernuda Martinez Jose Antonio , Castro Delgado Rafael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroduction:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had important consequences on the health system. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) were a key element in the response and were forced to modify their daily procedures. The main objective of this study was to find out if there were differences in response times and in the profile of patients treated by the Advanced Life Support (ALS) units of Servicio de Asistencia Médica Urgente (SAMU)-Asturias, the EMS of the Principality of Asturias, between the pre-pandemic period and the pandemic period.Methodology:This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective study that included all patients treated by SAMU-Asturias ALS from January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2020.Results:The pandemic has had an impact on daily activity of SAMU-Asturias, with a 9.2% decrease in daily ALS services during the pandemic, longer prehospital times during the pandemic period (mean = 54’35”; SD = 0’48”; P = 0.00) mainly due to an increase in scene time (mean = 28’01”; SD = 12’57”; P = 0.00), and a slight increase in the average age of patients during the pandemic in relation to the pre-pandemic period. No differences were found between the types of incidents for ALS or between the resolution of the patients.Conclusions:The COVID-19 pandemic mainly affects prehospital times in an emergency service, with no differences being observed in types of incidents; in EMS future pandemic planning, this should be taken into consideration.
Pathways from information to the adoption of conservation agriculture practices in Malawi and Tanzania
Authors: Marenya Paswel P. , Gatua Josephine G. , Rahut Dil B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To reduce agriculture's carbon, land and water footprint, the diffusion of conservation farming methods is one commonly cited proposition. Yet the process of translating available information on new conservation farming methods into farmers' practices is often a black box in many studies. This understanding is critical to inform strategies for scaling these complex, knowledge-intensive, but necessary practices for improving agriculture's resource and climate balance sheet. By implementing a series of mediation analysis using data from 700 households in Malawi and 930 households in Tanzania, this study examines how an improved understanding of conservation agriculture (CA) principles is an important mediator in the pathway from extension contact to the adoption of two of the CA practices examined. For the adoption of conservation tillage, the share of the mediated treatment effect was in the 31.5–34.4% range, while it was 31.6–46.9% for the adoption of soil cover (mulching). Our results suggest that unless learning from external sources strongly correlates with improved farmers' technical understanding of new farming practices, private learning by doing must be a critical adjunct to other avenues of learning. Beyond the basic promotional goals, improving farmers' technical know-how needs to be the centerpiece of holistic efforts in support of conservation farming and similar knowledge-intensive practices necessary for agriculture's sustinability goals.
Cu Exists Predominantly as Kinetically Inert Complexes Throughout the Interior of the Equatorial and North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Moriyasu Rintaro , John Seth G. , Bian Xiaopeng , Yang Shun‐Chung , Moffett James W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe chemistry of copper (Cu) in seawater is well known to be dominated by complexation with organic ligands. The prevailing paradigm is that Cu forms strong but labile complexes. Recently, a novel procedure revealed that only a small fraction of dissolved Cu exists as labile complexes. The majority is present as a fraction that is relatively inert on timescales of weeks or more and probably does not participate in coordination exchange reactions, including biologically mediated processes. Samples collected from the 2018 GEOTRACES GP15 cruise show that throughout the interior of the Pacific Ocean, this inert fraction comprises about 90% of the dissolved Cu. Labile Cu accumulates in surface waters, probably arising from photochemical decomposition of the inert fraction. There is also a modest accumulation of labile Cu near deep sea sediments and along the Alaskan shelf and slope. The results have important implications for Cu transport and biological availability. Inert Cu may influence Cu transport throughout the water column and contribute to the linear increase in Cu with depth, a distribution which is hard to explain for a biologically active trace metal. The origins of inert Cu are unknown. It may be produced slowly within the water column on the timescale of meridional overturning circulation. In the Columbia River, between 92% and 98% of the dissolved Cu is in the inert fraction, suggesting a possible terrestrial source of inert Cu to the ocean.
Improving the Extraction Ability of Thermospheric Mass Density Variations From Observational Data by Deep Learning
Authors: Li Wenbo , Liu Libo , Chen Yiding , Xiao Zhuowei , Le Huijun , Zhang Ruilong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the variation of the Thermospheric Mass Density (TMD) is important for solar‐terrestrial physics and applications for spacecraft safety. The thermosphere, as an open system, is impacted by various space environment conditions and has complicated temporal and spatial features. Consequently, TMD observations contain a wealth of multi‐scale feature information. How to extract such information from observations is a challenge that requires ongoing research. It is vital to improving our understanding of the TMD features. Deep learning (DL) can learn complex representations directly from raw data, which makes it a compelling feature extraction and modeling tool for providing a novel perspective for TMD modeling. The Residual Network is used in this study to build a DL model with deep network architecture. The observations of CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload are utilized in the training phase, while the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model and Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter radar Extended model are used to evaluate the performance of the DL model. The results reveal that, compared with the shallow model of the typical Multi‐Layer Perceptron, the DL model can better extract multi‐scale features in the observations while retaining generalization capabilities. Controlled simulation experiments allow us to extract the effects of different physical processes, which improves the interpretability of the DL model. It is demonstrated that the DL model can discriminate the physical processes corresponding to the different space environment indices by simulating Equatorial Mass density Anomaly and geomagnetic storms.
Nature and Origin of Magnetic Lineations Within Valdivia Bank: Ocean Plateau Formation by Complex Seafloor Spreading
Authors: Thoram S. , Sager W. W. , Gaastra K. , Tikoo S. M. , Carvallo C. , Avery A. , Del Gaudio Arianna V. , Huang Y. , Hoernle K. , Höfig T. W. , Bhutani R. , Buchs D. M. , Class C. , Dai Y. , Valle G. Dalla , Fielding S. , Han S. , Heaton D. E. , Homrighausen S. , Kubota Y. , Li C.‐F. , Nelson W. R. , Petrou E. , Potter K. E. , Pujatti S. , Scholpp J. , Shervais J. W. , Tshiningayamwe M. , Wang X. J. , Widdowson M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractValdivia Bank (VB) is a Late Cretaceous oceanic plateau formed by volcanism from the Tristan‐Gough hotspot at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR). To better understand its origin and evolution, magnetic data were used to generate a magnetic anomaly grid, which was inverted to determine crustal magnetization. The magnetization model reveals quasi‐linear polarity zones crossing the plateau and following expected MAR paleo‐locations, implying formation by seafloor spreading over ∼4 Myr during the formation of anomalies C34n‐C33r. Paleomagnetism and biostratigraphy data from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 391 confirm the magnetic interpretation. Anomaly C33r is split into two negative bands, likely by a westward ridge jump. One of these negative anomalies coincides with deep rift valleys, indicating their age and mechanism of formation. These findings imply that VB originated by seafloor spreading‐type volcanism during a plate reorganization, not from a vertical stack of lava flows as expected for a large volcano.
Microglia and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: translating scientific progress into novel therapeutic interventions
Authors: Zhuo Chuanjun , Tian Hongjun , Song Xueqin , Jiang Deguo , Chen Guangdong , Cai Ziyao , Ping Jing , Cheng Langlang , Zhou Chunhua , Chen Chunmian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCognitive impairment is a core clinical feature of schizophrenia, exerting profound adverse effects on social functioning and quality of life in a large proportion of patients with schizophrenia. However, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia-related cognitive impairment are not well understood. Microglia, the primary resident macrophages in the brain, have been shown to play important roles in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Increasing evidence has revealed excessive microglial activation in cognitive deficits related to a broad range of diseases and medical conditions. Relative to that about age-related cognitive deficits, current knowledge about the roles of microglia in cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, is limited, and such research is in its infancy. Thus, we conducted this review of the scientific literature with a focus on the role of microglia in schizophrenia-associated cognitive impairment, aiming to gain insight into the roles of microglial activation in the onset and progression of such impairment and to consider how scientific advances could be translated to preventive and therapeutic interventions. Research has demonstrated that microglia, especially those in the gray matter of the brain, are activated in schizophrenia. Upon activation, microglia release key proinflammatory cytokines and free radicals, which are well-recognized neurotoxic factors contributing to cognitive decline. Thus, we propose that the inhibition of microglial activation holds potential for the prevention and treatment of cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. This review identifies potential targets for the development of new treatment strategies and eventually the improvement of care for these patients. It might also help psychologists and clinical investigators in planning future research.
Cells collectively migrate during ammonium chemotaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Nelson Gabela , Strain Alexis , Isu Atsuko , Rahnama Alireza , Wakabayashi Ken-ichi , Melvin Adam T. , Kato Naohiro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe mechanisms governing chemotaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are largely unknown compared to those regulating phototaxis despite equal importance on the migratory response in the ciliated microalga. To study chemotaxis, we made a simple modification to a conventional Petri dish assay. Using the assay, a novel mechanism governing Chlamydomonas ammonium chemotaxis was revealed. First, we found that light exposure enhances the chemotactic response of wild-type Chlamydomonas strains, yet phototaxis-incompetent mutant strains, eye3-2 and ptx1, exhibit normal chemotaxis. This suggests that Chlamydomonas transduces the light signal pathway in chemotaxis differently from that in phototaxis. Second, we found that Chlamydomonas collectively migrate during chemotaxis but not phototaxis. Collective migration during chemotaxis is not clearly observed when the assay is conducted in the dark. Third, the Chlamydomonas strain CC-124 carrying agg1−, the AGGREGATE1 gene (AGG1) null mutation, exhibited a more robust collective migratory response than strains carrying the wild-type AGG1 gene. The expression of a recombinant AGG1 protein in the CC-124 strain suppressed this collective migration during chemotaxis. Altogether, these findings suggest a unique mechanism; ammonium chemotaxis in Chlamydomonas is mainly driven by collective cell migration. Furthermore, it is proposed that collective migration is enhanced by light and suppressed by the AGG1 protein.
Determination and managerial implications of machine conditions for high-grade industrial polycaprolactam (nylon 6)
Authors: Esangbedo Moses Olabhele , Abifarin Johnson Kehinde 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolycaprolactam (PA6) is a thermoplastic polymeric material and because of its excellent mechanical properties, it has found an extensive application in military, textile, biomedical, building and construction, and several others. Because of its extensive applications, machine turning operation becomes a crucial section in the manufacturing of high-grade PA6. Hence, to have a high-grade PA6, turning operational conditions (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) are optimized on the three surface profile responses and one material removal rate (MMR) with help probability based multi-response optimization analysis. This analysis is employed for an efficient multi-criterial decision making when PA6 is manufactured with a turning operation machine. The result revealed an optimal turning operational conditions to be 860 rpm cutting speed, 0.083 mm/rev feed rate, and 4 mm depth of cut. Furthermore, the analysis of variance and the numerical presentation of the turning operational conditions revealed that the feed rate is the most significant condition with a contribution of 34.09%, followed by cutting speed with a contribution of 32.05%, and then depth of cut with a contribution of 28.62%. Also, the confirmation analysis revealed a very high efficacy of the multi-objective optimization method employed in this study. This suggests that probability based multi-objective optimization is efficacious for optimizing machine conditions of any manufactured engineering material. It is interesting to state that the high confidence level placed on the considered turning operational conditions gives room for probable machine conditions adjustments for better PA6 in the case where different machine types are employed.
Novel deep learning method for coronary artery tortuosity detection through coronary angiography
Authors: Cobo Miriam , Pérez-Rojas Francisco , Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Constanza , Heredia Ignacio , Maragaño-Lizama Patricio , Yung-Manriquez Francisca , Lloret Iglesias Lara , Vega José A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCoronary artery tortuosity is usually an undetected condition in patients undergoing coronary angiography. This condition requires a longer examination by the specialist to be detected. Yet, detailed knowledge of the morphology of coronary arteries is essential for planning any interventional treatment, such as stenting. We aimed to analyze coronary artery tortuosity in coronary angiography with artificial intelligence techniques to develop an algorithm capable of automatically detecting this condition in patients. This work uses deep learning techniques, in particular, convolutional neural networks, to classify patients into tortuous or non-tortuous based on their coronary angiography. The developed model was trained both on left (Spider) and right (45°/0°) coronary angiographies following a fivefold cross-validation procedure. A total of 658 coronary angiographies were included. Experimental results demonstrated satisfactory performance of our image-based tortuosity detection system, with a test accuracy of (87 ± 6)%. The deep learning model had a mean area under the curve of 0.96 ± 0.03 over the test sets. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of the model for detecting coronary artery tortuosity were (87 ± 10)%, (88 ± 10)%, (89 ± 8)%, and (88 ± 9)%, respectively. Deep learning convolutional neural networks were found to have comparable sensitivity and specificity with independent experts’ radiological visual examination for detecting coronary artery tortuosity for a conservative threshold of 0.5. These findings have promising applications in the field of cardiology and medical imaging.
Biocoordination reactions in copper(II) ions and phosphocholine systems including pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides
Authors: Gabryel-Skrodzka Malwina , Nowak Martyna , Grajewski Jakub , Jastrząb Renata 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe complexation reactions of phosphocholine and pyrimidine nucleosides as well as nucleotides with copper(II) ions were studied in the water system. Using potentiometric methods and computer calculations, the stability constants of the species were determined. Using spectroscopic methods such as UV-vis, EPR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, FT–IR and CD, the coordination mode was established for complexes created in pH range 2.5–11.0. These studies will lead to a better understanding the role of copper(II) ions in living organisms and explain the interactions between them and the studied bioligands. The differences and similarities between nucleosides and nucleotides in the studied systems were also described, which testify to the significant influence of phosphate groups on the processes of metal ion complexation and interactions between ligands.
A comparative study on characteristics of composite (Cr3C2-NiCr) clad developed through diode laser and microwave energy
Authors: Hebbale Ajit M. , Kumar Manish , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi Mohammad , Ahamad Tansir , Kalam Md. Abul , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Alfantazi Akram , Khalid Mohammad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA typical ferrite/martensitic heat-resistant steel (T91) is widely used in reheaters, superheaters and power stations. Cr3C2-NiCr-based composite coatings are known for wear-resistant coatings at elevated temperature applications. The current work compares the microstructural studies of 75 wt% Cr3C2- 25 wt% NiCr-based composite clads developed through laser and microwave energy on a T91 steel substrate. The developed clads of both processes were characterized through a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) attached with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and assessment of Vickers microhardness. The Cr3C2-NiCr based clads of both processes revealed better metallurgical bonding with the chosen substrate. The microstructure of the developed laser clad shows a distinctive dense solidified structure, with a rich Ni phase occupying interdendritic spaces. In the case of microwave clad, the hard chromium carbide particles consistently dispersed within the soft nickel matrix. EDS study evidenced that the cell boundaries are lined with chromium where Fe and Ni were found inside the cells. The X-ray phase analysis of both the processes evidenced the common presence of phases like chromium carbides (Cr7C3, Cr3C2, Cr23C6), Iron Nickel (FeNi3) and chromium-nickel (Cr3Ni2, CrNi), despite these phases iron carbides (Fe7C3) are observed in the developed microwave clads. The homogeneous distributions of such carbides in the developed clad structure of both processes indicated higher hardness. The typical microhardness of the laser-clad (1142 ± 65HV) was about 22% higher than the microwave clad (940 ± 42 HV). Using a ball-on-plate test, the study analyzed microwave and laser-clad samples' wear behavior. Laser-cladding samples showed superior wear resistance due to hard carbide elements. At the same time, microwave-clad samples experienced more surface damage and material loss due to micro-cutting, loosening, and fatigue-induced fracture.