bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of

in heavy ion collisions*
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Zhang Hui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The yields of

with its two possible configurations, i.e., the hadronic molecular state and tetraquark state, for Pb-Pb collisions at

is studied. A volume effect is found from the centrality distribution of

, which could help to distinguish the inner structure of

. We also show the rapidity and the transverse momentum distributions of

production as well as its elliptic flow coefficient as a function of the transverse momentum.
Preparation, properties, and applications of Bi2O2Se thin films: A review
Authors: Tao Huayu , Wang Tianlin , Li Danyang , Xing Jie , Li Gengwei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have shown great application potential in high-performance electronic devices because they are ultrathin, have an ultra-large specific surface area, high carrier mobility, efficient channel current regulation, and extraordinary integration. In addition to graphene, other types of 2D nanomaterials have also been studied and applied in photodetectors, solar cells, energy storage devices, and so on. Bi2O2Se is an emerging 2D semiconductor material with very high electron mobility, modest bandgap, near-ideal subthreshold swing, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. Even in a monolayer structure, Bi2O2Se has still exhibited efficient light absorption. In this mini review, the latest main research progresses on the preparation methods, electric structure, and the optical, mechanical, and thermoelectric properties of Bi2O2Se are summarized. The wide rang of applications in electronics and photoelectronic devices are then reviewed. This review concludes with a discussion of the existing open questions/challenges and future prospects for Bi2O2Se.
The recent progress of laser-induced graphene based device applications
Authors: Zhang Liqiang , Zhou Ziqian , Hu Xiaosong , Wen Liaoyong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Laser writing is a fast and efficient technology that can produce graphene with a high surface area, whereas laser-induced graphene (LIG) has been widely used in both physics and chemical device application. It is necessary to update this important progress because it may provide a clue to consider the current challenges and possible future directions. In this review, the basic principles of LIG fabrication are first briefly described for a detailed understanding of the lasing process. Subsequently, we summarize the physical device applications of LIGs and describe their advantages, including flexible electronics and energy harvesting. Then, chemical device applications are categorized into chemical sensors, supercapacitors, batteries, and electrocatalysis, and a detailed interpretation is provided. Finally, we present our vision of future developments and challenges in this exciting research field.
On the origin of the plasma current spike during a tokamak disruption and its relation with magnetic stochasticity
Authors: Nardon E. , Särkimäki K. , Artola F.J. , Sadouni S. , team the JOREK , Contributors JET 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A JOREK 3D non-linear MHD simulation of a disruption triggered by an argon massive gas injection in JET, which quantitatively reproduces the plasma current (

I

p

) spike (Nardon et al 2021 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
63 115006), is analyzed in order to investigate the origin of the

I

p

spike and its relation with magnetic stochasticity. The

I

p

spike is associated to a current density (j

φ
) profile relaxation which appears to result from Shear Alfvén Wave (SAW) propagation along stochastic field lines, as proposed by Boozer (2019 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
61 024002; 2020 Phys. Plasmas
27 102305), possibly complemented by a macroscopic E×B flow structure. Using axisymmetric JOREK simulations involving a mean field Ohm’s law, we verify that the level of hyper-resistivity associated to SAWs is consistent with the prediction made in (Boozer 2019 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
61 024002; Boozer 2020 Phys. Plasmas
27 102305), which connects the

I

p

spike with the level of stochasticity. The relaxation comprises two main phases, the first one corresponding to a fast (0.1 ms) and almost complete j

φ
flattening in the q < 2 region, while the second one is longer (0.5 ms) and corresponds to a more gradual, global and incomplete j

φ
flattening. During the first phase, strong E×B flows develop that play a key role in mixing impurities into the core.
Morphological characteristics and atomic evolution behavior of nanojoints in Ag nanowire interconnect network
Authors: Cui Jianlei , Ren Xiaoying , Mei Xuesong , Fan Zhengjie , Huang Chenchen , Wang Zhijun , Sun Xiaofei , Wang Wenjun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ag nanowires (AgNWs) have shown great application value in the field of flexible electronics due to their excellent optical and electrical properties, and the quality of its joints of AgNWs in the thin film network directly plays a key role in its performance. In order to further improve the joint quality of AgNWs under thermal excitation, the thermal welding process and atomic evolution behavior of AgNWs were investigated through a combination of in situ experimental and molecular dynamics simulations. The influence of processing time, temperature, and stress distribution due to spatial arrangement on nanojoints was systematically explored. What is more, the failure mechanisms and their atomic interface behavior of the nanojoints were also investigated.
Invited Commentary: Beyond Barker—Mothers Are the Ones at Risk
Authors: Wilcox Allen J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Dr. David Barker hypothesized that low birth weight (LBW) is the result of inadequate fetal nutrition, leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the offspring. This hypothesis has stimulated thousands of reports on low birth weight (LBW) and CVD risk. One problem with this association is that many LBW infants are small because they are preterm, not growth-restricted. A second problem is that maternal CVD risk factors confound the association. In an accompanying article, Lu et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2023;192(6):866–877) address both concerns. Using population data from Sweden and Denmark, the authors estimated CVD incidence among offspring born small for gestational age (SGA). The smallest 3% had a CVD hazard ratio of 1.44 (95% confidence interval: 1.38, 1.51). Even this moderate risk mostly evaporated in sibship analysis, which controlled for unmeasured maternal CVD risk factors (hazard ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 0.99, 1.25). The risk highlighted by Barker is negligible, especially when compared with a more urgent health issue—cardiovascular risk in women with pregnancy complications. Mothers of SGA infants have up to a 3-fold CVD risk, and mothers with preeclampsia and preterm delivery have up to a 9-fold risk. Pregnancy complications thus provide an early marker of a woman’s propensity to develop CVD, and perhaps an opportunity for early intervention. From a public health perspective, Barker’s hypothesis about CVD risk in LBW offspring is less compelling than the question of CVD risk among mothers with pregnancy complications.
This article is part of a Special Collection on ABC.
The Evidence-Based Frame, Vis-à-Vis Rogerian Q Sort Method: ∑(A+B) ÷ (1.1) = Q Hall’s Mathematical Equation
Authors: Hall Ronald E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Social work practice is a constantly evolving, evidence-based profession. As an explanation of client ‘presenting problems’, social work practice incorporates Q sort via Rogers’ client-centred/humanism. Q sort is a mathematical tool that enables an incremental step by the profession at-large towards scientific exactness. Absent Q sort, as a mathematical tool of social work practice, well-respected critics have commenced to denigrate social work as a semi-profession in the absence of a scientific methodology. Any challenge to the accusations of social work being a semi-profession may be enabled by Q sort exactness per the introduction of its technical expertise into the social work practice methodology. Exactness is enabled by the construction of a Q sort mathematical equation. Extending from this, Hall’s Q sort mathematical equation is original in the field of social work. Its scientific exactness moves the profession ever so slightly forward where accusations of being a semi-profession by critics may be overcome and eventually cease to exist.
MTHFD1 is critical for the negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signalling in anencephaly
Authors: Xie Xiaolu , Li Chuang , Yu Juan , Chang Shaoyan , Cheng Xiyue , Wang Fang , Bao Yihua , Zhang Ting , Wang Shan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Neural tube defects are the most severe congenital malformations that result from failure of neural tube closure during early embryonic development, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Retinoic acid, an active derivative of vitamin A, is critical for neural system development, and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signalling malfunctions have been observed in human neural tube defects. However, retinoic acid–retinoic acid receptor signalling regulation and mechanisms in neural tube defects are not fully understood.
The mRNA expression of RARs and retinoid X receptors in the different human neural tube defect phenotypes, including 11 pairs of anencephaly foetuses, 10 pairs of hydrocephalus foetuses and nine pairs of encephalocele foetuses, was investigated by NanoString nCounter technology. Immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry was performed to screen the potential interacting targets of retinoic acid receptor γ. The interactions between proteins were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence laser confocal microscopy. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to clarify the underlying mechanism. Moreover, a neural tube defect animal model, constructed using excess retinoic acid, was used for further analysis with established molecular biology technologies.
We report that level of retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ) mRNA was significantly upregulated in the brain tissues of human foetuses with anencephaly. To further understand the actions of retinoic acid receptor γ in neural tube defects, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 was identified as a specific retinoic acid receptor γ target from IP–MS screening. Additionally, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 negatively regulated retinoic acid receptor γ transcription factor activity. Furthermore, low expression of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 and activation of retinoic acid receptor signalling were further determined in human anencephaly and a retinoic acid-induced neural tube defect mouse model.
This study reveals that methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1, the rate-determining enzyme in the one-carbon cycle, might be a specific regulator of retinoic acid receptors; these findings provide new insights into the functional linkage between nuclear folate metabolism and retinoic acid receptor signalling in neural tube defect pathology.
A homozygous POLR1A variant causes leukodystrophy and affects protein homeostasis
Authors: Misceo Doriana , Lirussi Lisa , Strømme Petter , Sumathipala Dulika , Guerin Andrea , Wolf Nicole I , Server Andres , Stensland Maria , Dalhus Bjørn , Tolun Aslıhan , Kroes Hester Y , Nyman Tuula A , Nilsen Hilde L , Frengen Eirik 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
RNA polymerase I transcribes ribosomal DNA to produce precursor 47S rRNA. Post-transcriptional processing of this rRNA generates mature 28S, 18S and 5.8S rRNAs, which form the ribosomes, together with 5S rRNA, assembly factors and ribosomal proteins. We previously reported a homozygous variant in the catalytic subunit of RNA polymerase I, POLR1A, in two brothers with leukodystrophy and progressive course. However, the disease mechanism remained unknown.
In this report, we describe another missense variant POLR1A NM_015425.3:c.1925C&gt;A; p.(Thr642Asn) in homozygosity in two unrelated patients. Patient 1 was a 16-year-old male and Patient 2 was a 2-year-old female. Both patients manifested neurological deficits, with brain MRIs showing hypomyelinating leukodystrophy and cerebellar atrophy; and in Patient 1 additionally with hypointensity of globi pallidi and small volume of the basal ganglia. Patient 1 had progressive disease course, leading to death at the age of 16.5 years. Extensive in vitro experiments in fibroblasts from Patient 1 documented that the mutated POLR1A led to aberrant rRNA processing and degradation, and abnormal nucleolar homeostasis. Proteomics data analyses and further in vitro experiments documented abnormal protein homeostasis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses. We confirm that POLR1A biallelic variants cause neurodegenerative disease, expand the knowledge of the clinical phenotype of the disorder, and provide evidence for possible pathological mechanisms leading to POLR1A-related leukodystrophy.
Acyl ghrelin improves cardiac function in heart failure and increases fractional shortening in cardiomyocytes without calcium mobilization
Authors: Lund Lars H , Hage Camilla , Pironti Gianluigi , Thorvaldsen Tonje , Ljung-Faxén Ulrika , Zabarovskaja Stanislava , Shahgaldi Kambiz , Webb Dominic-Luc , Hellström Per M , Andersson Daniel C , Ståhlberg Marcus 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Ghrelin is an endogenous appetite-stimulating peptide hormone with potential cardiovascular benefits. Effects of acylated (activated) ghrelin were assessed in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and in ex vivo mouse cardiomyocytes.

Methods and results
In a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial, 31 patients with chronic HFrEF were randomized to synthetic human acyl ghrelin (0.1 µg/kg/min) or placebo intravenously over 120 min. The primary outcome was change in cardiac output (CO). Isolated mouse cardiomyocytes were treated with acyl ghrelin and fractional shortening and calcium transients were assessed. Acyl ghrelin but not placebo increased cardiac output (acyl ghrelin: 4.08 ± 1.15 to 5.23 ± 1.98 L/min; placebo: 4.26 ± 1.23 to 4.11 ± 1.99 L/min, P &lt; 0.001). Acyl ghrelin caused a significant increase in stroke volume and nominal increases in left ventricular ejection fraction and segmental longitudinal strain and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. There were no effects on blood pressure, arrhythmias, or ischaemia. Heart rate decreased nominally (acyl ghrelin: 71 ± 11 to 67 ± 11 b.p.m.; placebo 69 ± 8 to 68 ± 10 b.p.m.). In cardiomyocytes, acyl ghrelin increased fractional shortening, did not affect cellular Ca2+ transients, and reduced troponin I phosphorylation. The increase in fractional shortening and reduction in troponin I phosphorylation was blocked by the acyl ghrelin antagonist D-Lys 3.

Conclusion
In patients with HFrEF, acyl ghrelin increased cardiac output without causing hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, or ischaemia. In isolated cardiomyocytes, acyl ghrelin increased contractility independently of preload and afterload and without Ca2+ mobilization, which may explain the lack of clinical side effects. Ghrelin treatment should be explored in additional randomized trials.

Clinical Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05277415
Enhanced Bruhat Decomposition and Morse Theory
Authors: Pushkar Petya , Temkin Misha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMorse function is called strong if all its critical points have different critical values. Given such a function $f$ and a field $\mathbb{F}$ Barannikov constructed a pairing of some of the critical points of $f$, which is now also known as barcode. With every Barannikov pair (a.k.a. bar in the barcode), we naturally associate (up to sign) an element of $\mathbb{F} \setminus \{ 0 \}$; we call it Bruhat number. The paper is devoted to the study of these Bruhat numbers. We investigate several situations where the product of all the numbers (some being inversed) is independent of $f$ and interpret it as a Reidemeister torsion. We apply our results in the setting of one-parameter Morse theory by proving that generic path of functions must satisfy a certain equation mod 2 (this was initially proven in [ 2] under additional assumptions).On the linear-algebraic level, our constructions are served by the following variation of a classical Bruhat decomposition for $GL(\mathbb{F})$. A unitriangular matrix is an upper triangular one with 1s on the diagonal. Consider all rectangular matrices over $\mathbb{F}$ up to left and right multiplication by unitriangular ones. Enhanced Bruhat decomposition describes canonical representative in each equivalence class.
Does women's empowerment and socio-economic status predict adequacy of antenatal care in sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Okyere Joshua , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Budu Eugene , Yaya Sanni 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Quality and adequate antenatal care (ANC) are key strategies necessary to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.1. However, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there is a paucity of evidence on the role women's empowerment and socio-economic status play in ANC attendance. This study aimed to examine whether women's empowerment and socio-economic status predict the adequacy of ANC in SSA.

Methods
Data from the recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) of 10 countries in SSA were used for the study. We included countries with a survey dataset compiled between 2018 and 2020. We included 57 265 women with complete observations on variables of interest in the study. Frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the results of the coverage of adequate ANC services across the 10 countries. A multivariable binary multilevel regression analysis was employed to examine the association between women's empowerment and socio-economic status indicators and the adequacy of ANC. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to present the findings of the regression analysis.

Results
The average prevalence of adequate ANC in SSA was 10.4%. This ranged from 0.2% in Rwanda to 24.5% in Liberia. Women with medium (aOR 1.24 [CI 1.10 to 1.40]) and high (aOR 1.24 [CI 1.07 to 1.43]) decision-making power had higher odds of adequate ANC compared to those with low decision-making power. Women with higher levels of education (aOR 1.63 [CI 1.36 to 1.95]) as well as partners with higher education levels (aOR 1.34 [CI 1.14 to 1.56]) had the highest odds of adequate ANC compared to those with no formal education. Additionally, those working (aOR 1.35 [95% CI 1.23 to 1.49]) and those in the richest wealth category (aOR 2.29 [CI 1.90 to 2.76]) had higher odds of adequate ANC compared to those who are not working and those in the poorest wealth category. Those with high justification of violence against women (aOR 0.84 [CI 0.73 to 0.97]) had lower odds of adequate ANC compared to those with low justification of violence against women.

Conclusions
Adequacy of ANC was low across all 10 countries we included in this study. It is evident from the study that women's empowerment and socio-economic status significantly predicted the adequacy of ANC. As such, promoting women's empowerment programs without intensive improvements in women's socio-economic status would yield ineffective results. However, when women's empowerment programs are combined with active improvements in socio-economic status, then women will be encouraged to seek adequate ANC.
TNF promotes DECTIN2 family C-type lectin receptor expression in human macrophages
Authors: Haberkamp Carl , Allabauer Ida , Blaha Niklas , Bodendorfer Barbara , Cunningham Sarah , Hoerning Andre , Lang Roland 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
TNF blockade constitutes an effective therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, yet increases the risk for infection, including active tuberculosis. The DECTIN2 family C-type lectin receptors MINCLE, MCL, and DECTIN2 sense mycobacterial ligands and activate myeloid cells. In mice, upregulation of DECTIN2 family C-type lectin receptor after stimulation with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin requires TNF. Here, we investigated whether TNF controls inducible C-type lectin receptor expression in human myeloid cells. Monocyte-derived macrophages were stimulated with Bacille Calmette-Guérin and the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide, and expression of C-type lectin receptor was analyzed. Bacille Calmette-Guérin and lipopolysaccharide strongly upregulated messenger RNA expression of DECTIN2 family C-type lectin receptor but not of DECTIN1. Bacille Calmette-Guérin and lipopolysaccharide also induced robust production of TNF. Recombinant TNF was sufficient to upregulate expression of DECTIN2 family C-type lectin receptor. Blocking TNF with the TNFR2-Fc fusion protein etanercept abrogated, as expected, the effect of recombinant TNF and impaired induction of DECTIN2 family C-type lectin receptor by Bacille Calmette-Guérin and lipopolysaccharide. Flow cytometry confirmed upregulation of MCL at the protein level by recombinant TNF and showed inhibition of Bacille Calmette-Guérin–induced MCL by etanercept. To investigate the impact of TNF on C-type lectin receptor expression in vivo, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and observed downregulation of MINCLE and MCL expression after therapeutic TNF blockade. Together, TNF is sufficient to upregulate DECTIN2 family C-type lectin receptor in human myeloid cells and contributes to this process after encounter with Bacille Calmette-Guérin or lipopolysaccharide. Impaired C-type lectin receptor expression in patients receiving TNF blockade may dampen the sensing of microbes and defense against infection.
A rare case of inflammatory breast cancer with delayed auto-amputation in modern times
Authors: Tan Hao Han , Goh Ian Y , Muduioa Geoffrey 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare but aggressive form of breast cancer, accounting for 0.5–2% of all diagnoses of invasive breast cancers. Yet, it is associated with very poor prognosis and outcomes, with documented 2- and 5-year survival rates around 84% and 40%, respectively, as compared to 90.6% of all breast cancers. Breast auto-amputation is also a rare complication of locally advanced breast cancer, associated with distressing symptoms for these patients. In this study, we report a 67-year-old female with a delayed diagnosis of IBC with a rare sequela of auto-amputation of the affected breast. The delay in diagnosis of &gt;6 months led to a delay in the necessary treatment. She received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and underwent a palliative right salvage mastectomy with level 2 axillary dissection.