bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science and Arts, Philosophy and Science: Why after All? Why Not?
Authors: Quack Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis perspective summarizes some interdisciplinary aspects of science and the relation to philosophy, also including the basic motivations and aims as they might be discussed with young scientists starting their careers and presented also in the form of a commencement speech. The contents of this speech were repeatedly discussed also with Jack Dunitz, who showed great interest in it, given his broad interests. The speech also referred to an earlier commencement speech by Jack Dunitz in 1989. In the introduction of our essay, we mention the early common history of science and humanities under the name of philosophy. This early history can be traced back to ancient Greek philosophy and the ‘academy’ of Platon in Athens with a history of more than 1000 years until closure in 529 AD, in modern times revived as the National Greek Academy in Athens in the 19th and 20th centuries. Other ‘academies’ in Europe started in the 17th century and had publications under various names involving ‘philosophy’ with a focus on what we call science (natural science) today. After about 1800 there was increasing fragmentation of the various fields of knowledge and philosophy was considered to be part of the modern ‘humanities’ quite separate from science, and the natural sciences were fragmented into physics, chemistry, biology etc., and even finer subdivisions. The essay also describes an effort at ETH Zurich, reintegrating the various subfields of science and also stressing an education of scientists and engineers in the humanities. The essay concludes with a discussion of several global risks for mankind and a scientific imperative to maintain life on Earth.The common aspects and the foundations of all sciences as fields of knowledge aiming for an understanding of the world around us and of human beings as part of it are discussed from various perspectives.
Prevalence of diabetes and its correlates among Iranian adults: Results of the first phase of Shahedieh cohort study
Authors: Dehghani Ali , Korozhdehi Hamid , Hossein Khalilzadeh Saeid , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Rahmanian Vahid 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe diabetes is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, the prevalence of which is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, and correlates the factors of diabetes in the setting of Shahedieh cohort study in Yazd, Iran.MethodThe present study is a cross‐sectional study conducted on the data of the initial stage of Shahdieh Yazd cohort. This study examined the data of 9747 participants aged from 30 to 73 years. The data included demographic, clinical, and blood test variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR), and the risk factors of diabetes were studied. Meanwhile, population attributable risks for diabetes were estimated, and reported.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes was 17.9% (CI95%: 17.1–18.9); 20.5% in women, and 15.4% in men. Based on the results of multivariable logistic regression showed female sex (OR = 1.4, CI95%: 1.24–1.58), waist‐hip ratio (OR = 1.4, CI95%: 1.24–1.58), high blood pressure (OR = 2.1, CI95%: 1.84–2.4), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (OR = 1.52, CI95%: 1.28–1.82), stroke (OR = 1.91, CI95%: 1.24–2.94), age (OR = 1.81, CI95%: 1.67–1.96), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.79, CI95% triglyceride: 1.59–2.02), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) (OR = 1.45, CI95%: 1.4–1.51), as risk factors for diabetes. Among the modifiable risk factors, high blood pressure(52.38%), waist‐to‐hip ratio (48.19%), the history of stroke (47.64%), hypercholesterolemia (44.13%), history of CVD (34.21%), and LDL ≥ 130 (31.03%) had the greatest population‐attributable, respectively.ConclusionThe results showed that some of the main determinants of diabetes are the modifiable risk factors. Therefore, implementing early detection, and screening programs for people at risk and preventive measures, such as lifestyle modification programs, and control of risk factors can prevent this disease.
The efficacy of alpha‐lipoic acid in the management of burning mouth syndrome: An updated systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials
Authors: Banik Sujan , Ghosh Antara , Sato Hideyuki , Onoue Satomi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) causes burning or uncomfortable feelings in the oral cavity without any obvious injuries. This condition's etiopathogenesis is still unknown, consequently, BMS management is very challenging. Alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring potent bioactive compound that has been found to be useful in the management of BMS in many studies. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review to investigate the usefulness of ALA in the management of BMS based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsDifferent electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were extensively searched to find relevant studies.ResultsThis study included nine RCTs that matched the inclusion criteria. In most studies, ALA was given at a dose of 600–800 mg/day, with up to two months of follow‐up. The majority of studies (six out of nine studies) indicated that ALA was more effective in BMS patients than in the placebo‐controlled group.ConclusionsThis comprehensive systematic review provides evidence of the positive outcomes of the treatment of BMS with ALA. However, more research might be needed before ALA can be considered the first‐line therapy for BMS.
Chinese cross‐border insolvency laws: Recent developments and international implications
Authors: Guo Shuai , Su Jieche 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present Chinese insolvency law is under the process of legislative reform, and one focus point among legislators and academics is cross‐border issues. China is slowly opening up its market to foreign insolvency proceedings, as demonstrated by the 2021 Chinese Mainland‐Hong Kong cross‐border insolvency cooperation mechanism. This first attempt, however, is only available in three trial cities in the Mainland and does not apply to jurisdictions other than Hong Kong. Nevertheless, it does not undermine the intention of the Mainland to advance its cross‐border insolvency framework. Based on a thorough examination of Chinese legislation and judicial practices, this article submits that China would be willing to accept international standards and be a more active player in international insolvencies.
LncRNA SNHG14/miR‐497a‐5p/BACE1 axis modulates obesity‐induced adipocyte inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Han YuBo , Tian Miao , Wang RuiNan , Guo DongHao , Zhang DanDan , Liu Li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObesity is a metabolic disease with excess weight. LncRNA SNHG14 is abnormally expressed in numerous diseases. This research aimed to enucleate the lncRNA SNHG14 role in obesity. Adipocytes were treated with free fatty acid (FFA) to establish an in vitro model for obesity. Mice were fed a high‐fat diet to construct an in vivo model. Gene levels were determined using quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR). The protein level was checked by western blot. The lncRNA SNHG14 role in obesity was assessed using western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The mechanism was estimated by Starbase, dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay, and RNA pull‐down. LncRNA SNHG14 function in obesity was estimated using mouse xenograft models, RT‐PCR, western blot, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. LncRNA SNHG14 and BACE1 levels were increased, but the miR‐497a‐5p level was decreased in FFA‐induced adipocytes. Interference with lncRNA SNHG14 reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐related molecules GRP78 and CHOP expressions in FFA‐induced adipocytes, and decreased IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α expressions, indicating that lncRNA SNHG14 knockdown mitigated FFA‐induced ER stress and inflammation in adipocytes. Mechanistically, lncRNA SNHG14 combined with miR‐497a‐5p, and miR‐497a‐5p targeted BACE1. Meanwhile, lncRNA SNHG14 knockdown reduced levels of GRP78, CHOP, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, while cotransfection with anti‐miR‐497a‐5p or pcDNA‐BACE1 abolished these trends. Rescue assays illustrated that lncRNA SNHG14 knockdown relieved FFA‐induced adipocyte ER stress and inflammation through miR‐497a‐5p/BACE1. Meanwhile, lncRNA SNHG14 knockdown restrained adipose inflammation and ER stress caused by obesity in vivo. LncRNA SNHG14 mediated obesity‐induced adipose inflammation and ER stress through miR‐497a‐5p/BACE1.
Effects of a high‐fat diet on rat epididymis
Authors: Falvo Sara , Latino Debora , Santillo Alessandra , Chieffi Baccari Gabriella , Senese Rosalba , Nuzzolillo Francesca , Di Fiore Maria Maddalena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe epididymis plays an essential role in reproduction, promoting sperm cell maturation. In this study, we investigated the effects of a high‐fat diet (HFD) in the three regions of the epididymis of rats, including caput, corpus, and cauda. Our results showed an increase in malondialdehyde and a decrease in superoxide dismutase, which indicated an increase in oxidative stress in all segments of the epididymis. The cellular response mechanisms were mostly detected in the corpus/cauda regions, which showed an increase in apoptosis, probably for eliminating dysfunctional cells arising from HFD‐induced oxidative stress, and a decrease in mitophagy. Additionally, an increase in lipophagy to prevent lipid accumulation and a decrease in cell proliferation were recorded in the corpus.
Diagnostic Performance of the 2018 EASL vs. LI‐RADS for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using CT and MRI: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Comparative Studies
Authors: Shin Jaeseung , Lee Sunyoung , Yoon Ja Kyung , Roh Yun Ho 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be diagnosed without pathologic confirmation in high‐risk patients. Therefore, it is necessary to compare current imaging criteria for noninvasive‐diagnosis of HCC.PurposeTo systematically compare performance of 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria and Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) for noninvasive‐diagnosis of HCC.Study TypeSystematic review and meta‐analysis.SubjectsEight studies with 2232 observations, including 1617 HCCs.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T, 3.0 T/T2‐weighted, unenhanced T1‐weighted in‐/opposed‐phases, multiphase T1‐weighted imaging.AssessmentFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, two reviewers independently reviewed and extracted data, including patient characteristics, index test, reference standard and outcomes, from studies intraindividually comparing the sensitivities and specificities of 2018 EASL‐criteria and LR‐5 of LI‐RADS for HCC. Risk of bias and concerns regarding applicability were evaluated using QUADAS‐2 tool. Subgroup analysis was performed based on observation size (≥20 mm, 10–19 mm).Statistical TestsBivariate random‐effects model to calculate pooled per‐observation sensitivity and specificity of both imaging criteria, and pooled estimates of intraindividual paired data were compared considering the correlation. Forest and linked‐receiver‐operating‐characteristic plots were drawn, and study heterogeneity was assessed using Q‐test and Higgins‐index. Publication bias was evaluated by Egger's test. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant, except for heterogeneity (P < 0.10).ResultsThe sensitivity for HCC did not differ significantly between the imaging‐based diagnosis using EASL‐criteria (61%; 95% CI, 50%–73%) and LR‐5 (64%; 95% CI, 53%–76%; P = 0.165). The specificities were also not significantly different between EASL‐criteria (92%; 95% CI, 89%–94%) and LR‐5 (94%; 95% CI, 91%–96%; P = 0.257). In subgroup analysis, no statistically significant differences were identified in the pooled performances between the two criteria for observations ≥20 mm (sensitivity P = 0.065; specificity P = 0.343) or 10–19 mm (sensitivity P > 0.999; specificity P = 0.851). There was no publication bias for EASL (P = 0.396) and LI‐RADS (P = 0.526).Data ConclusionIn the present meta‐analysis of paired comparisons, the pooled sensitivities and specificities were not significantly different between 2018 EASL‐criteria and LR‐5 of LI‐RADS for noninvasive‐diagnosis of HCC.Evidence Level3.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
On‐tissue chemical derivatization of volatile metabolites for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Forsman Trevor T. , Paulson Andrew E. , Larson Evan A. , Looft Torey , Lee Young Jin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of volatile metabolites is challenging, especially in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Most MALDI ion sources operate in vacuum, which leads to the vaporization of volatile metabolites during analysis. In addition, tissue samples are often dried during sample preparation, leading to the loss of volatile metabolites even for other MSI techniques. On‐tissue chemical derivatization can dramatically reduce the volatility of analytes. Herein, a derivatization method is proposed utilizing N,N,N‐trimethyl‐2‐(piperazin‐1‐yl)ethan‐1‐aminium iodide to chemically modify short‐chain fatty acids in chicken cecum, ileum, and jejunum tissue sections before sample preparation for MSI visualization.
Gingival crevicular fluid periodontal ligament‐associated protein‐1, sclerostin, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha levels in periodontitis
Authors: Gür Berkay , Afacan Beral , Çevik Özge , Köse Timur , Emingil Gülnur 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn periodontitis, the equilibrium between bone formation and resorption skews in favor of bone loss. Periodontal ligament‐associated protein‐1 (PLAP‐1) and sclerostin play a significant role in the suppression of bone formation. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is a central proinflammatory cytokine related to periodontal bone loss. This study aims to assess gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) PLAP‐1, sclerostin, and TNF‐α levels in individuals with periodontal disease.MethodsSeventy‐one individuals diagnosed with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis (n = 23), gingivitis (n = 24), and periodontal health (n = 24) were included in the study. Full‐mouth clinical periodontal measurements were performed. PLAP‐1, sclerostin, and TNF‐α total amounts in GCF were quantified by ELISA. Nonparametric methods were used for the data analyses.ResultsPeriodontitis group exhibited significantly higher GCF PLAP‐1, sclerostin and TNF‐α levels compared with gingivitis and periodontally healthy groups (p < 0.05). GCF PLAP‐1 and TNF‐α levels of gingivitis group were higher than healthy controls (p < 0.05) whereas GCF sclerostin levels were similar in two groups (p > 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between GCF PLAP‐1, sclerostin and TNF‐α levels and all clinical parameters (p < 0.01).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study showing GCF PLAP‐1 levels in periodontal health and disease. Increased GCF PLAP‐1 and sclerostin levels and their correlations with TNF‐α in periodontitis imply that those molecules might be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Further studies in larger mixed cohorts are needed to enlighten the possible role of PLAP‐1 and sclerostin in periodontal bone loss.
Long‐term stability of regenerative periodontal surgery and orthodontic tooth movement in stage IV periodontitis: 10‐year data of a retrospective study
Authors: Tietmann Christina , Jepsen Søren , Heibrok Helen , Wenzel Sven , Jepsen Karin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the long‐term effectiveness of regenerative treatment of intra‐bony defects in combination with consecutive orthodontic therapy (OT) in stage IV periodontitis.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with a total of 256 intra‐bony defects were analyzed after regenerative surgery followed by OT initiated 3 months later. Changes in radiographic bone level (rBL) and probing pocket depths (PPD) were evaluated after 1 year (T1), final splinting (T2), and 10 years (T10).ResultsMean rBL gain was significant with 4.63 mm (±2.43 mm) after 1 year (T1), 4.19 mm (±2.61 mm) at final splinting (T2), and 4.48 mm (±2.62 mm) after 10 years (T10). Mean PPD was significantly reduced from 5.84 mm (±2.05 mm) at baseline to 3.19 mm (±1.23 mm) at T1, to 3.07 mm (±1.23 mm) at T2, and to 2.93 mm (±1.24 mm) at T10. Pocket closure (PPD ≤ 4 mm) was achieved in 90% of all defects. Tooth loss amounted to 4.5%.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this retrospective study design, these 10‐year findings suggest that in motivated and compliant patients with stage IV periodontitis and in need of OT an inter‐disciplinary treatment can lead to favorable and stable long‐term results.
Improving lifetime of high‐efficiency blue OLED based on thermally activated sensitized fluorescence
Authors: Li Guomeng , Li Yilang , Jia Xiaoqin , Wang Lu , Liu Song , Zhang Dongdong , Zeng Lichang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a promising technology toward high‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), thermally activated sensitized fluorescence (TASF) has encountered major obstacles toward achieving sufficient operational lifetime when it comes to deep blue emission that is desirable for display applications. We have systematically investigated various factors affecting TASF OLED stability and successfully improved device lifetime by using a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizer with a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC).
Automated reaction kinetics and network exploration (Arkane): A statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, transition state theory, and master equation software
Authors: Dana Alon Grinberg , Johnson Matthew S. , Allen Joshua W. , Sharma Sandeep , Raman Sumathy , Liu Mengjie , Gao Connie W. , Grambow Colin A. , Goldman Mark J. , Ranasinghe Duminda S. , Gillis Ryan J. , Payne A. Mark , Li Yi‐Pei , Dong Xiaorui , Spiekermann Kevin A. , Wu Haoyang , Dames Enoch E. , Buras Zachary J. , Vandewiele Nick M. , Yee Nathan W. , Merchant Shamel S. , Buesser Beat , Class Caleb A. , Goldsmith Franklin , West Richard H. , Green William H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe open‐source statistical mechanics software described here, Arkane–Automated Reaction Kinetics and Network Exploration–facilitates computations of thermodynamic properties of chemical species, high‐pressure limit reaction rate coefficients, and pressure‐dependent rate coefficient over multi‐well molecular potential energy surfaces (PES) including the effects of collisional energy transfer on phenomenological kinetics. Arkane can use estimates to fill in information for molecules or reactions where quantum chemistry information is missing. The software solves the internal energy master equation for complex unimolecular reaction systems. Inputs to the software include converged electronic structure computations performed by the user using a variety of supported software packages (Gaussian, Molpro, Orca, TeraChem, Q‐Chem, Psi4). The software outputs high‐pressure limit rate coefficients and pressure‐dependent phenomenological rate coefficients, as well as computed thermodynamic properties (enthalpy, entropy, and constant pressure heat capacity) with added energy corrections. Some of the key features of Arkane include treatment of 1D, 2D or ND hindered internal rotation modes, treatment of free internal rotation modes, quantum tunneling effect consideration, transition state theory (TST) and Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus (RRKM) rate coefficient computations, master equation solution with four implemented methods, inverse‐Laplace transform of high‐pressure limit rate coefficients into the energy domain, energy corrections based on bond‐additivity or isodesmic reactions, automated and efficient PES exploration, and PES sensitivity analysis. The present work describes the design of Arkane, how it should be used, and refers to the theory that it employs. Arkane is distributed via the RMG‐Py software suite (https://github.com/ReactionMechanismGenerator/RMG‐Py).
KLF9 inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of renal cell carcinoma through the SDF‐1/CXCR4 axis
Authors: Yu Peng , Cheng Long , Xia Wei‐Mu , Liu Ding‐Yi , Yu Jia‐Shun , Zhou Yan‐Feng , Zheng Yong‐Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAltered Krüppel‐like factor 9 (KLF9) expression can regulate the progression of several cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study was conducted to investigate the role of KLF9 in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of RCC cells via regulation of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). The expression patterns of KLF9, SDF‐1, and CXCR4 in the experimental cell lines were determined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. After transfection of the KLF9 siRNA and KLF9 pcDNA, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were evaluated by experiments including cell counting kit‐8, colony formation, and Transwell assays. The binding of KLF9 to the SDF‐1 promoter was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase assay. The rescue experiment was performed using the recombinant SDF‐1 protein and KLF9 pcDNA. KLF9 was downregulated in the RCC cells. KLF9 knockdown induced the proliferation, invasion, and migration of RCC cells, whereas KLF9 overexpression elicited the opposite roles. Mechanically, KLF9 bound to the SDF‐1 promoter, repressed SDF‐1 transcription, and reduced the SDF‐1/CXCR4 expression levels. Activation of the SDF‐1/CXCR4 axis attenuated the inhibitory role of KLF9 overexpression in RCC cell growth. Ordinarily, KLF9 suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of RCC cells by repressing the SDF‐1/CXCR4 signaling.
Wafer‐Scale Integration of Single Layer Graphene Electro‐Absorption Modulators in a 300 mm CMOS Pilot Line
Authors: Wu Chenghan , Brems Steven , Yudistira Didit , Cott Daire , Milenin Alexey , Vandersmissen Kevin , Maestre Arantxa , Centeno Alba , Zurutuza Amaia , Van Campenhout Joris , Huyghebaert Cedric , Van Thourhout Dries , Pantouvaki Marianna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGraphene‐based devices have shown great promise for several applications. For graphene devices to be used in real‐world systems, it is necessary to demonstrate competitive device performance, repeatability of results, reliability, and a path to large‐scale manufacturing with high yield at low cost. Here, single‐layer graphene electro‐absorption modulators are selected as test vehicles, and their wafer‐scale integration is established in a 300 mm pilot complementary metal‐oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) foundry environment. A hardmask is used to shape graphene, while tungsten‐based contacts are fabricated using the damascene approach to enable CMOS‐compatible fabrication. By analyzing data from hundreds of devices per wafer, the impact of specific processing steps on the performance could be identified and optimized. After optimization, modulation depth of 50 ± 4 dB mm−1is demonstrated on 400 devices measured using 6 V peak‐to‐peak voltage. The electro‐optical bandwidth is up to 15.1 ± 1.8 GHz for 25 m‐long devices. The results achieved are comparable to lab‐based record‐setting graphene devices of similar design and CVD graphene quality. By demonstrating the reproducibility of the results across hundreds of devices, this work resolves the bottleneck of graphene wafer‐scale integration. Furthermore, CMOS‐compatible processing enables co‐integration of graphene‐based devices with other photonics and electronics building blocks on the same chip for high‐volume, low‐cost manufacturing.