bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linkage Chemistry of S(VI) Fluorides
Authors: Zeng Daming , Deng Wei‐Ping , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSulfur(VI)‐fluoride exchange linkage as a next generation of click chemistry was introduced by Sharpless and coworkers in 2014. Distinguished from CuAAC, the SuFEx reaction proceeds under metal‐free conditions, and the reactive linkers are variable, enabling access to a diverse class of linkage compounds. Therein, a series of SuFEx linkers emerged has been widely prevalent in diverse fields. The SVI−F bond in comparison to SVI−Cl bond features excellent stability and chemoselectivity. The linkage chemistry primarily involves the formation of S−O and S−N bonds via commercially available phenols and amines, yet less study onC‐SuFEx linkage. This review will focus on three types of linkage for SuFEx linkers comprising S−O, S−N, and S−C bonds, and we hope to provide a practical guidance for SuFEx linkage chemistry.
X‐ray Study of Cembranoids with Flexible Rings from Boswellia papyrifera Resins Allowing Structural Revision of Misleading Structures from the Past 70 Years
Authors: Sura Madhu Babu , Zhu Yan‐Xia , Cheng Yong‐Xian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThirty new, highly oxygenated and stereogenic 14‐membered macrocyclic diterpenoids, papyrifuranols A‐Z (1–26) and AA‐AD (27–30), and eight known analogs have been isolated from Boswellia papyrifera resins. All the structures were characterized by detailed spectral analyses, quantum calculations, X‐ray diffraction, and modified Mosher's methods. Notably, six previously reported structures were revised. Our study points out misleading factors of macrocyclic cembranoid (CB) representation in the past seven decades by analyzing of 25 X‐ray structures, lending a hand for the innately challenging structure identification of such flexible macrocyclic CBs and avoiding following the tracks of an overturned cart during future structure characterization and total synthesis. Biosynthetic conversions of all the isolates are proposed, and wound healing bioassays reveal that papyrifuranols N−P could significantly stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.
Modular Principle for Complex Disordered Tetrahedral Frameworks in Quenched High‐Pressure Phases of Phosphorus Oxide Nitrides
Authors: Günther Daniel , Baumann Dominik , Schnick Wolfgang , Oeckler Oliver 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Oliver Oeckler at Leipzig University and Wolfgang Schnick at University of Munich (LMU). The image background depicts a diffraction pattern of an intergrown crystal containing P40O31N46 as a night sky. P40O31N46 and P74O59N84 form complex disordered frameworks, a cutout of which symbolizes the earth's surface (which mainly contains silicates with related building blocks). The structures are built up from chain‐like building units, which fall like rain, symbolizing the modular building scheme. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202203892.
Mortality across the spectrum of hemoglobin level in patients undergoing surgical coronary revascularization
Authors: Khalaji Amirmohammad , Ajam Ali , Sheikhy Ali , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Fallahzadeh Aida , Bagheri Jamshid , Mansourian Soheil , Momtahen Shahram , Masoudkabir Farzad , Hosseini Kaveh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative hemoglobin (Hb) level is a predictor of in‐hospital and midterm mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). However, the debate about the different hazards across Hb levels and sex differences in outcome occurrence is still on the table.MethodsThis is a registry‐based serial cross‐sectional study at Tehran Heart Center. Nonanemic patients who underwent CABG with complete follow‐up data were included. The Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS) in the Cox model was used to calculate the sex‐specific correlation between in‐hospital, 6‐month, and 1‐year mortalities and normal Hb levels using odds ratio for the in‐hospital and hazard ratios for 6‐month and 1‐year mortality, adjusted for all possible confounders.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2016, a total of 13,557 patients were included, of which 134 had in‐hospital mortality as our primary outcome. Preoperative Hb levels were significantly lower in the deceased. Moreover, dead patients had significantly higher rates of diabetes and hypertension, while lower ejection fraction. Cut‐offs for reference Hb level were higher for males compared with females. The correlation between Hb level and in‐hospital mortality was nearly U‐shaped. Quantitatively, Hb of ≥15.62 and ≤13.25 g/dL for men and that of ≥14.92 and ≤13.4 g/dL for women tended to be associated with higher in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsThe association between preoperative Hb level and in‐hospital mortality differs in men and women and does not follow a linear correlation among nonanemic patients. Both low and high numbers in the Hb level spectrum are at greater risk.
Hemolysis of red blood cells in blood vessels modeled via computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Jędrzejczak Krystian , Makowski Łukasz , Orciuch Wojciech , Wojtas Krzysztof , Kozłowski Michał 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe research aims to verify the universal relationship between vessel shape and the risk of hemolysis using a rheological model of blood reflecting the physiological processes related to blood for any blood vessel. Blood is a multi‐component fluid, the rheology of which depends on many factors, such as the concentration of red blood cells and local shear stress, which significantly affect the process of hemolysis. Blood rheology models used so far cannot be used for all flows and geometries. Therefore, a new rheology model has been introduced suitable for modeling hemolytic flows observed in arteries with atherosclerotic lesions in the in vivo environment. The previously presented model also has advantages in modeling local viscosity in stenosis. Geometries of the blood vessels from computed tomography scans and simplified models of the actual arteries observed during medical procedures were used in the calculations. Population Balance Based Rheology model predicts the concentration of single, deagglomerated red blood cells and the concentration and size of red blood cell agglomerates, which affect blood rheology and hemolysis. Based on the simulations carried out, a correlation was found between the shape of the vessel cavity and the risk of hemolysis. Presented results can be used in the future to create a correlation between the shape of the atherosclerotic lesions and the risk of hemolysis in the blood to make an initial risk assessment for a given patient.
Elucidating the N−N and C−N Bond‐breaking Mechanism in the Photoinduced Formation of Nitrile Imine
Authors: Guerra Cristian , Ayarde‐Henríquez Leandro , Rodríguez‐Núñez Yeray A. , Ensuncho Adolfo , Chamorro Eduardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, we revealed the significance of chemical bonding for the photochemically induced mechanism of 2‐phenyl tetrazole derivatives generating nitrile imines. The correlated electron localization function shows that the formation of imine nitrile involves two key bond events: (i) the heterolytic C−N breakage taking place in the T1 state and (ii) the homolytic N−N rupture occurring in the T2 excited state. In particular, a cation‐radical specie results from the C−N cleavage, whereas the N−N rupture creates a biradical resonant form of imine nitrile. Additionally, we noticed that the substantial pair delocalization of the C−C‐N bonded structure could play a significant role in the conversion of the biradical imine nitrile into both the propargylic and allenic forms via the T1→S0 deactivation.
Does mandatory corporate social responsibility expenditure by businesses help their stakeholders?
Authors: Ahamed Naseem , Tripathi Nitya Nand 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examines the role of financial performance and board characteristics on corporate social responsibility expenditure (CSR expenditure hereafter). The study is based on a natural experimental design where the Government of India made it legally mandatory for companies meeting certain criteria to spend at least 2% of their average profits in the preceding three financial years towards corporate social responsibility in the companies Act 2013. It examines the propensity of companies to spend towards corporate social responsibility over and above the legal mandate. This study analyze two different schools of thought in the field of corporate social responsibility varying in their assertions. The first school of thought asserts that firms engaged aggressively in CSR expenditure would be viewed positively by the customers/prospective customers. The second school of thought asserts that CSR expenditure reduces the profit of the firm that could have been used productively for asset acquisition, and business expansion. The first school of thought focuses on the good corporate citizenship hypothesis whereas the second school of thought focuses on the efficient utilization of scarce resources hypothesis. Using a dataset of companies listed on NSE 500 index, we found a positive and statistically significant relationship between CSR expenditure and accounting‐based firm performance but a negative relationship with market based firm performance. Size of the firm has a positive relationship with firm performance, alluding to the presence of “size” effect. Board size, board independence and cumulative attendance in board meetings exhibit mixed results with firm performance. Note: A slightly different version of this paper was presented in the 15th ICBF‐2022 conference held at IBS Hyderabad in the online mode. We would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to all the reviewers and participants whose suggestions helped improve this article.
Recent advances in the tumor‐penetrating peptide internalizing RGD for cancer treatment and diagnosis
Authors: Qian Jing , Zhou Sheng , Lin Peng , Lei Jin , Zheng Shiqi , Xu Wenmang , Wang Yuanyuan , Gao Ziran , Yang Julun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCancer has become a prominent disease that seriously endangers human health. The complexity of the biological characteristics of the tumor makes it challenging for traditional therapeutic drugs to penetrate tumor tissues and exert their antitumor effects. Internalizing RGD peptide (iRGD) is a novel tumor‐homing peptide that binds to αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins on the surface of tumor vessels through the C‐end rule (CendR) motif. The CendR motif binds to the neuropilin‐1 (NRP‐1) receptor on tumor cells, initiating NRP‐1‐mediated transcytosis to facilitate drug entry into the tumor tissue. Multiple studies demonstrated that iRGD improved the penetration and targeting of antitumor drugs, thereby enhancing their antitumor efficacy. In this review, we initially described the origins of iRGD and its penetration mechanism. Furthermore, we presented updates on the application of iRGD in cancer chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, treatment with antibodies or protein‐based biologics, and tumor imaging.
Severe and fatal COVID‐19 is characterised by increased circulating glucagon like peptide 1 and procalcitonin modulated by type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bloch Olga , Kobi Perl , Ben Shimol Ariel , Rotmensh Assaf , Kagansky Dana , Zelnik‐Yovel Dana , Yehudah Gilad Ben , Cantrell Dror , Rapoport Micha J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsEndotoxemia commonly occurs in severe and fatal COVID‐19, suggesting that concomitant bacterial stimuli may amplify the innate immune response induced by SARS‐CoV‐2. We previously demonstrated that the endogenous glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) system in conjunction with increased procalcitonin (PCT) is hyperactivated in patients with severe Gram‐negative sepsis and modulated by type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to determine the association of COVID‐19 severity with endogenous GLP‐1 activation upregulated by increased specific pro‐inflammatory innate immune response in patients with and without T2D.Materials and MethodsPlasma levels of total GLP‐1, IL‐6, and PCT were estimated on admission and during hospitalisation in 61 patients (17 with T2D) with non‐severe and severe COVID‐19.ResultsCOVID‐19 patients demonstrated ten‐fold increase of IL‐6 levels regardless of disease severity. Increased admission GLP‐1 levels (p = 0.03) accompanied by two‐fold increased PCT were found in severe as compared with non‐severe patients. Moreover, GLP‐1 and PCT levels were significantly increased in non‐survived as compared with survived patients at admission (p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively) and at 5 to 6 days of hospitalisation (p = 0.05). Both non‐diabetic and T2D patients demonstrated a positive correlation between GLP‐1 and PCT response (r = 0.33, p = 0.03, and r = 0.54, p = 0.03, respectively), but the intensity of this joint pro‐inflammatory/GLP‐1 response was modulated by T2D. In addition, hypoxaemia down‐regulated GLP‐1 response only in T2D patients with bilateral lung damage.ConclusionsThe persistent joint increase of endogenous GLP‐1 and PCT in severe and fatal COVID‐19 suggests a role of concomitant bacterial infection in disease exacerbation. Early elevation of endogenous GLP‐1 may serve as a new biomarker of COVID‐19 severity and fatal outcome.
Description of the mantle lure and novel mimicry of the endangered Cumberlandian Combshell (Epioblasma brevidens) in the Clinch River, eastern United States
Authors: Jones Jess W. , Taylor Zachary , Lane Timothy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Cumberlandian Combshell (Epioblasma brevidens) is an endangered freshwater mussel endemic to the Tennessee and Cumberland River drainages, major tributaries of the Ohio River of the eastern United States. We conducted mask and snorkel surveys in May and June of 2021 and 2022 to locate, observe, photograph, and video female E. brevidens to document their unique mantle lures at sites in the Clinch River in Tennessee and Virginia. The mantle lure is morphologically specialized mantle tissue that mimics prey items of the host fish. The mantle lure of E. brevidens appears to mimic four distinct characteristics of the reproductive anatomy of the underside (ventral) of a gravid female crayfish, to include: (1) the external apertures of the oviducts located on the base of the third pair of walking legs, (2) crayfish larvae still encased in the egg membrane, (3) pleopods or claws, and (4) postembryonic eggs. Surprisingly, we observed males of E. brevidens displaying mantle lures that were anatomically complex and closely resembled the female mantle lure. The male lure similarly mimics oviducts, eggs, and pleopods but is diminutive (2–3 mm smaller in length or diameter) to those same structures in females. We describe for the first time the mantle lure morphology and mimicry of E. brevidens, showing its close resemblance to the reproductive anatomy of a gravid female crayfish, and a novel form of mimicry in males. To our knowledge, mantle lure displays in males have not been previously documented in freshwater mussels.
Innovative applications and therapeutic potential of oilseeds and their by‐products: An eco‐friendly and sustainable approach
Authors: Usman Ifrah , Saif Hina , Imran Ali , Afzaal Muhammad , Saeed Farhan , Azam Iqra , Afzal Atka , Ateeq Huda , Islam Fakhar , Shah Yasir Abbas , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe risk of inadequate management of agro‐waste is an emerging challenge. However, the economic relevance of agro‐waste valorization is one of the key strategies to ensure sustainable development. Among the agro‐waste, oilseed waste and its by‐products are usually seen as mass waste after the extraction of oils. Oilseed by‐products especially oilseed cakes are a potential source of protein, fiber, minerals, and antioxidants. Oilseed cakes contain high value‐added bioactive compounds which have great significance among researchers to develop novel foods having therapeutic applications. Moreover, these oilseed cakes might be employed in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Thus, as a result of having desirable characteristics, oilseed by‐products can be more valuable in wide application in the food business along with the preparation of supplements. The current review highlights that plentiful wastes or by‐products from oilseeds are wasted if these underutilized materials are not properly valorized or effectively utilized. Hence, promising utilization of oilseeds and their wastes not only assists to overcome environmental concerns and protein insecurity but also helps to achieve the goals of zero waste and sustainability. Furthermore, the article also covers the production and industrial applications of oilseeds and by‐products along with the potential role of oilseed cakes and phytochemicals in the treatment of chronic diseases.
Economic uncertainty and cardiovascular disease mortality
Authors: Kawachi Ichiro , Kyriopoulos Ilias , Vandoros Sotiris 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have found a link between economic conditions, such as recessions and unemployment, and cardiovascular disease as well as other health outcomes. More recent research argues that economic uncertainty—independently of unemployment—can affect health outcomes. Using data from England and Wales, we study the association between fluctuations in economic uncertainty and cardiovascular disease mortality in the short term for the period 2001–2019. Controlling for several economic indicators (including unemployment), we find that economic uncertainty alone is strongly associated with deaths attributed to diseases of the circulatory system, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Our findings highlight the short‐term link between economic conditions and cardiovascular health and reveal yet another health outcome that is associated with uncertainty.
Laminar unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of Newtonian nongray optically thin fluid through porous medium between two concentric vertical cylinders
Authors: Nagaraju L. , Naikoti Kishan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the effects of porous medium in magnetohydrodynamic unsteady flows of the viscous nongray optical thinner liquid between two infinitely concentric perpendicular cylinders under the influence of time reliant periodical pressure gradients with respect to the an azimuthal direction applied magnetic domain. The effects of the thermally radiating as well as periodical walls temperatures are also taken into consideration. The governing nondimensional equations were altered into ordinary differential equations and these were then resolved in the expressions of the modified Bessels functions. The impacts of the different parameters on the velocity, temperature, skin frictions, and the rates of temperature transfers near the surfaces of the cylinders were evaluated computationally as well as these are discussed graphically. This was found that, the velocity of the fluid augments by an amplifying in penetrability of the absorbent medium. The buoyancy forces reasons the liquid flow to accelerated, and thereby causing the mass efflux to enhance proportionally. The reductions into fluid temperature are straight proportionate to the diminution into the thermal diffusivity. The current computations were reliable with those of the existing study in the limiting cases.
Following the evidence and using the appropriate regulatory tools: A European-wide risk assessment of copper in freshwaters
Authors: Wilson Iain , Peters Adam , Merrington Graham , Baken Stijn 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The ecological risks of copper (Cu) in freshwaters have been the focus of regulatory assessments for several decades. Recently, it has been suggested by the European Commission that Cu represents a continent-wide risk to freshwaters. We assessed to what extent this suggestion is supported by the available evidence if Cu bioavailability is considered in the assessment of risk. We used several evidence-driven metrics to assess the continental-wide risks of Cu to European freshwaters. Such an approach is recommended and readily applicable where comprehensive data sets are available. We confirmed the validity of a bioavailability-based Environmental Quality Standard of 1 µg L−1 for Cu and used this to characterize the risks of Cu in 286 185 regulatory monitoring samples from 17 307 sites across 19 European countries between 2006 and 2021. These data show that risks, based on site averages and accounting for bioavailability, were identified in only two countries (Spain and Portugal). Investigation of these risks showed them to be highly localized to a single region in Spain and not reflective of the country-wide risks for either country. The 95th percentile of all the risk quotients for the continent-wide data set is 0.35. The relatively low levels of risk associated with Cu are supported by long-term trend data from sites on two large European rivers (Rhine and Meuse), where highly significant (p &lt; 0.001) decreases in Cu concentrations over the last 40 years can be observed. We conclude that it is critical to consider metal bioavailability in both effects and exposures in assessments of potential risk to ensure ecological relevance. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1570–1580. © 2023 WCA Environment Ltd. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Advances in flexible sensors for intelligent perception system enhanced by artificial intelligence
Authors: Niu Hongsen , Yin Feifei , Kim Eun‐Seong , Wang Wenxiao , Yoon Do‐Young , Wang Cong , Liang Junge , Li Yang , Kim Nam‐Young 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntelligent perception means that with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI)‐motivated brain, flexible sensors achieve the ability of memory, learning, judgment, and reasoning about external information like the human brain. Due to the superiority of machine learning (ML) algorithms in data processing and intelligent recognition, intelligent perception systems possess the ability to match or even surpass human perception systems. However, the built‐in flexible sensors in these systems need to work on dynamic and irregular surfaces, inevitably affecting the precision and fidelity of the acquired data. In recent years, the strategy of introducing the developed functional materials and innovative structures into flexible sensors has made some progress toward the above challenges, and with the blessing of ML algorithms, accurate perception and reasoning in various scenarios have been achieved. Here, the most representative functional materials and innovative structures for constructing flexible sensors are comprehensively reviewed, the research progress of intelligent perception systems based on flexible sensors and ML algorithms is further summarized, and the intersection of the two is expected to unlock new opportunities for next‐stage AI development.image