bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring magnetic field properties at the boundary of solar pores: A comparative study based on SDO-HMI observations
Authors: Campos Rozo J. I. , Vargas Domínguez S. , Utz D. , Veronig A. M. , Hanslmeier A. 
Published: April 2023

Context. The Sun’s magnetic fields play an important role in various solar phenomena. Solar pores are regions of intensified magnetic field strength compared to the surrounding photospheric environment, and their study can help us better understand the properties and behaviour of magnetic fields in the Sun. In this work, we investigate the properties of magnetic fields on the boundaries of solar pores, specifically focusing on the evolution of the vertical magnetic field.
Aims. Up to now, there exists only a single study on magnetic field properties at the boundary region of a pore. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to increase the statistics of magnetic properties determining the pore boundary region. To this aim, we study the change of the vertical magnetic field on the boundaries of six solar pores and their time evolution.
Methods. We analyse six solar pores using data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager instrument on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We apply image processing techniques to extract the relevant features of the solar pores and determine the boundary conditions of the magnetic fields. For each pore, the maximal vertical magnetic field is determined, and the obtained results are compared with the above-mentioned previous study.
Results. We find the maximal vertical magnetic field values on the boundaries of the studied solar pores to range from 1400 G to 1600 G, with a standard deviation between 7.8% and 14.8%. These values are lower than those reported in the mentioned preceding study. However, this can be explained by differences in spatial resolution as well as the type of data we used. For all the pores, we find that the magnetic inclination angle lies in a range of 30 ± 7°, which is consistent with the idea that the magnetic field configuration in solar pores is mainly vertical.
Conclusions. The vertical magnetic field is an important factor in determining the boundary of solar pores, and it plays a more relevant role than the intensity gradient. The obtained information will be useful for future studies on the formation and evolution of magnetic structures of the Sun. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of high spatial resolution data for the purpose of accurately characterising the magnetic properties of solar pores. Overall, the findings of this work contribute to the understanding of the magnetic field properties of the Sun and will be crucial for improving models of solar dynamics and magnetic flux emergence.
Graphs with small or large Roman {3}-domination number
Authors: Ebrahimi Nafiseh , Abdollahzadeh Ahangar Hossein , Chellali Mustapha , Sheikholeslami Seyed Mahmoud 
Published: April 2023

For an integer k ≥ 1, a Roman {k}-dominating function (R{k}DF) on a graph G = (V, E) is a function f : V → {0, 1, …, k} such that for every vertex v ∈ V with f(v) = 0, ∑u∈N(v) f(u) ≥ k, where N(v) is the set of vertices adjacent to v. The weight of an R{k}DF is the sum of its function values over the whole set of vertices, and the Roman {k}-domination number γ{kR}(G) is the minimum weight of an R{k}DF on G. In this paper, we will be focusing on the case k = 3, where trivially for every connected graphs of order n ≥ 3, 3 ≤ γ{kR}(G) ≤n. We characterize all connected graphs G of order n ≥ 3 such that γ{3R}(G) ∈ {3, n − 1, n}, and we improve the previous lower and upper bounds. Moreover, we show that for every tree T of order n ≥ 3, γ{3R}(T) ≥ γ(T) + 2, where γ(T) is the domination number of T, and we characterize the trees attaining this bound.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Care of Women Experiencing Abortion in a University Hospital in Brazil
Authors: Dantas Priscilla Brenda Fonseca , Trabach Carolina Braga , Junqueira Aline Aparecida , Nunes Carina Cordeiro , Veiga-Junior Nelio Neves , Baccaro Luiz Francisco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the care of patients with miscarriage and legal termination of pregnancy in a university hospital in Brazil.
Methods A cross-sectional study of women admitted for abortion due to any cause at Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. J. A. Pinotti of Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil, between July 2017 and September 2021. Dependent variables were abortion-related complications and legal interruption of pregnancy. Independent variables were prepandemic period (until February 2020) and pandemic period (from March 2020). The Cochran-Armitage test, Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney test, and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.
Results Five-hundred sixty-one women were included, 376 during the prepandemic period and 185 in the pandemic period. Most patients during pandemic were single, without comorbidities, had unplanned pregnancy, and chose to initiate contraceptive method after hospital discharge. There was no significant tendency toward changes in the number of legal interruptions or complications. Complications were associated to failure of the contraceptive method (odds ratio [OR] 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–4.84), gestational age (OR 1.126; 95% CI 1.039–1.219), and preparation of the uterine cervix with misoprostol (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.01–3.96).
Conclusion There were no significant differences in duration of symptoms, transportation to the hospital, or tendency of reducing the number of legal abortions and increasing complications. The patients' profile probably reflects the impact of the pandemic on family planning.
Age and Type of Delivery as Risk Indicators for Maternal Mortality
Authors: Oliveira Isabella Mantovani Gomes Dias de , Fonseca Emílio Prado da , França Fabiana Mantovani Gomes , Cortellazzi Karine Laura , Pardi Vanessa , Pereira Antonio Carlos , Tagliaferro Elaine Pereira da Silva 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective: This study assessed maternal mortality (MM) and related factors in a large-sized municipality in the Southeastern region of Brazil (Campinas, São Paulo) during the period 2000-2015.
Methods: This study consisted of two phases: 1. An analytical nested case-control phase that assessed the impact of individual and contextual variables on MM; and 2. an ecological phase designed to contextualize maternal deaths by means of spatial analysis. The case group consisted of all maternal deaths (n = 87) and the control group consisted of 348 women who gave birth during the same period. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, association, and multiple logistic regression (MLR) tests at p < 0.05 as well as spatial analysis.
Results: Maternal Mortality Ratio was 37 deaths per 100.000 live births. Deaths were dispersed throughout the urban territory and no formation of cluster was observed. MLR showed that pregnant women aged ≥ 35 years old (OR = 2.63) or those with cesarean delivery (OR = 2.51) were more prone to maternal death.
Conclusion: Maternal deaths were distributed dispersedly among the different socioeconomic levels and more prone to occur among older women or those undergoing cesarean deliveries.
Predicting loss aversion behavior with machine-learning methods
Authors: Saltık Ömür , Rehman Wasim ul , Söyü Rıdvan , Değirmen Süleyman , Şengönül Ahmet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes to forecast an important cognitive phenomenon called the Loss Aversion Bias via Hybrid Machine Learning Models. One of the unique aspects of this study is using the reaction time (milliseconds), psychological factors (self-confidence scale, Beck’s hopelessness scale, loss-aversion), and personality traits (financial literacy scales, socio-demographic features) as features in classification and regression methods. We found that Random Forest was superior to other algorithms, and when the positive spread ratio (between gain and loss) converged to default loss aversion level, decision-makers minimize their decision duration while gambling, we named this phenomenon as “irresistible impulse of gambling”.
Atomic-scale in situ observation of electron beam and heat induced crystallization of Ge nanoparticles and transformation of Ag@Ge core-shell nanocrystals
Authors: Qi Xiao , Bustillo Karen C. , Kauzlarich Susan M. 
Published: April 2023

Crystallization of amorphous materials by thermal annealing has been investigated for numerous applications in the fields of nanotechnology, such as thin-film transistors and thermoelectric devices. The phase transition and shape evolution of amorphous germanium (Ge) and Ag@Ge core–shell nanoparticles with average diameters of 10 and 12 nm, respectively, were investigated by high-energy electron beam irradiation and in situ heating within a transmission electron microscope. The transition of a single Ge amorphous nanoparticle to the crystalline diamond cubic structure at the atomic scale was clearly demonstrated. Depending on the heating temperature, a hollow Ge structure can be maintained or transformed into a solid Ge nanocrystal through a diffusive process during the amorphous to crystalline phase transition. Selected area diffraction patterns were obtained to confirm the crystallization process. In addition, the thermal stability of Ag@Ge core–shell nanoparticles with an average core of 7.4 and a 2.1 nm Ge shell was studied by applying the same beam conditions and temperatures. The results show that at a moderate temperature (e.g., 385 °C), the amorphous Ge shell can completely crystallize while maintaining the well-defined core–shell structure, while at a high temperature (e.g., 545 °C), the high thermal energy enables a freely diffusive process of both Ag and Ge atoms on the carbon support film and leads to transformation into a phase segregated Ag–Ge Janus nanoparticle with a clear interface between the Ag and Ge domains. This study provides a protocol as well as insight into the thermal stability and strain relief mechanism of complex nanostructures at the single nanoparticle level with atomic resolution.
Dynamic simulation study of the secondary frequency regulation of a 1000 MW thermal power unit assisted by flywheel energy storage
Authors: Lv Zhijia , Liu Xiaolong , Liu Zhongwen , Jiang Zhicheng , Lin Zhao , Zhao Zicheng , Han Xu 
Published: April 2023

The rapid development of new energy sources has brought a certain impact on the original power grid structure, accelerated the wear of unit equipment, and affected the stability, safety, and economy of thermal power unit operation, so it is proposed to add an energy storage system to solve the above problems. To analyze the secondary frequency regulation effect of thermal power units assisted by a flywheel energy storage system, a mathematical model of the control strategy on both sides of the boiler, steam turbine, and flywheel permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed, and a two-regional power grid model is built through MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the frequency regulation effect of units with or without energy storage participation through step disturbance and continuous disturbance, which are 0.045 and 0.023 p.u. MW. Under step disturbance, the frequency fluctuation of the coupled energy storage system changed by 0.025 228 p.u. Hz, the time for the system to return to a steady state was shortened by 5.85 s, the maximum change of the frequency of the system in Region 2 was reduced by 0.025 579 p.u. Hz, and under continuous disturbance, the fluctuation of the output power of the steam turbine in Region 1 was reduced by 0.022 982 p.u. MW. In summary, under the same disturbance conditions in the outside world, the use of flywheel energy storage to assist the frequency regulation of thermal power units can effectively reduce the frequency fluctuation of the system, reduce the fluctuation of the output power of the steam turbine, reduce the loss of mechanical equipment, and extend the service life of the unit to a certain extent.
Experiences of peer messengers as part of a professional accountability culture change program to reduce unprofessional behaviour: a cross-sectional study across eight hospitals
Authors: McMullan Ryan D. , Urwin Rachel , Sunderland Neroli , Churruca Kate , Cunningham Neil , Westbrook Johanna 
Published: April 2023

Objective Professional accountability programs are designed to promote professional behaviours between co-workers and improve organisational culture. Peer messengers play a key role in professional accountability programs by providing informal feedback to hospital staff about their behaviour. Little is known about the experiences of messengers. This study examined the experiences of staff who delivered messages to peers as part of a whole-of-hospital professional accountability program called ‘Ethos’. Methods Ethos messengers (EMs) across eight Australian hospitals were invited to complete an online survey. The survey consisted of 17 close-ended questions asking respondents about their experiences delivering messages to peers and their perceptions of the Ethos program. Four open-ended questions asked respondents about rewarding and challenging aspects of being a peer messenger and what they would change about the program. Results Sixty EMs provided responses to the survey (response rate, 41.4%). The majority were from nursing and medical groups (53.4%) and had delivered 1–5 messages to staff (57.7%). Time as an EM ranged from less than 3 months to more than 12 months. A majority had been an EM for more than 12 months (80%; n = 40). Most agreed they had received sufficient training for the role (90.1%; n = 48) and had the skills (90.1%; n = 48), access to support (84.9%; n = 45) and time to fulfil their responsibilities (70.0%; n = 30). Approximately a third (34.9%; n = 15) of respondents indicated that recipients were ‘sometimes’ or ‘never’ receptive to messages. Challenging aspects of the role included organising a time to talk with staff, delivering feedback effectively and communicating with peers who lacked insight and were unable to reflect on their behaviour. Conclusions Skills development for peer messengers is key to ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of professional accountability programs. Training in how to deliver difficult information and respond to negative reactions to feedback was identified by EMs as essential to support their ongoing effectiveness in their role.
Dust-storm frequencies, community attitudes, government policy and land management practices during three major droughts in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Leys John , Heidenreich Stephan , White Stephen , Guerschman Juan , Strong Craig 
Published: April 2023

This study assessed whether dust-storm frequency during major droughts in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, has changed and what may have caused any change. The frequency of days with dust storms, i.e. when visibility is <1000 m, is presented for the dust storm year (July to June), with the maximum number of dust storms for three major droughts, namely, 2017/20, Millennial and World War II droughts. Community attitudes, government policy and land management practices have changed since the 1940s, and these factors were reviewed to determine whether they explain changes in dust-storm frequency. Two data sources were used: meteorological weather codes from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and dust particulate matter <10 µm (PM10) from the DustWatch/Rural Air Quality Monitoring Network. The particulate-matter data were converted to dust-storm days (DSD) to create a yearly time series. The meteorological data records were coded as dust storms and required no modification. Results showed that 1944/45 was the dustiest year, with 4.4 times more DSD than in 2019/20 and 9.9 times more DSD than in 2009/10. One reason for the higher DSD in 2019/20 than in 2009/10 was the area protected from wind erosion by vegetation cover above 50%. In 2019/20, 69% of NSW was protected from wind erosion, compared with 79% in 2009/10. We suggest the primary reasons for lower DSD in 2019/20 and 2009/10 than in 1944/45 were community attitudes, government policy and land management practices; these, in combination, help maintain vegetation cover. Since the 1940s, the focus of land management has changed from ‘taming the land’ to ‘sustainably using the land’. Government policy in the 2000s is focused on supporting farming businesses and communities to manage and prepare so as to successfully manage drought. Land management practices that maintain ground cover are now widely practised.
Geometrical trinity of unimodular gravity
Authors: Nakayama Yu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We construct a Weyl transverse diffeomorphism invariant theory of teleparallel gravity by employing the Weyl compensator formalism. The low-energy dynamics has a single spin two gravition without a scalar degree of freedom. By construction, it is equivalent to unimodular gravity (as well as Einstein’s general relativity with an adjustable cosmological constant) at the non-linear level. Combined with our earlier construction of a Weyl transverse diffeomorphism invariant theory of symmetric teleparallel gravity, unimodular gravity is represented in three alternative ways.
Significant breakthroughs in interface engineering for high-performance colloidal QLEDs: a mini review
Authors: Zeng Jixi , Li Yunfei , Fan Xi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Substantial effort has been devoted to the fabrication of charge transport and injection layers for better colloidal quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Recent cutting-edge fabrication methods of charge transport and injection layers are regarded as very promising ways to realize high-performance colloidal QLEDs. The interface engineering of the functional layers plays a critical role in raising the QLED’s efficiency and stability. This mini review summarizes current research on (i) electron transport layers that restrain luminescence quenching at the interfaces between the functional layers and quantum dots; (ii) hole injection layers with a tunable work function for high hole mobility of a device; and (iii) hole transport layers with low electron affinity and reduced energetic disorder for hole injection, which are directly linked to QLED luminescence performance. The most cutting-edge progress on the interface engineering of colloidal QLEDs is briefly highlighted. Perspectives and suggestions are provided to guide device development. This featured review raises awareness of the significance of charge transport and injection layers and reveals their critical roles in colloidal QLEDs.
The ρ parameter and the CDF-II W-mass anomaly: observations on the role of scalar triplets
Authors: Ghosh Rituparna , Mukhopadhyaya Biswarup , Sarkar Utpal 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The ρ parameter, together with the W and Z masses, acts as Occam’s razor on extensions of the electroweak symmetry-breaking sectors. We apply this to non-doublet Higgs scenarios, by examining the CDF-II claim on the W-boson mass. Suspending any judgment on the CDF claim, we show that in general, if one works at the tree level, theoretical models that predict ρ = 1 at the tree level are inconsistent with the CDF claims at 4–6 standard deviations if one confines oneself to the existing Z-boson mass and the earlier W-boson mass from either the global fit or the ATLAS data. We take some well-motivated scenarios containing one or more scalar SU(2) triplets in addition to the usual doublet and show that both a scenario including a complex scalar triplet and one with a complex as well as a real triplet (the Georgi–Machacek model) can be made consistent with the new data, where a small splitting between the complex and real triplet vacuum expectation values are required in the second scenario. We explore the consequences of this splitting, either at the tree level or via incalculable new physics contribution to W-boson mass and indicate as illustrations its implications in H
±
W
∓
Z type interaction vertices.
Additive 3D photonic integration that is CMOS compatible
Authors: Grabulosa Adrià , Moughames Johnny , Porte Xavier , Kadic Muamer , Brunner Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Today, continued miniaturization in electronic integrated circuits (ICs) appears to have reached its fundamental limit at ∼2 nm feature-sizes, from originally ∼1 cm. At the same time, energy consumption due to communication becomes the dominant limitation in high performance electronic ICs for computing, and modern computing concepts such neural networks further amplify the challenge. Communication based on co-integrated photonic circuits is a promising strategy to address the second. As feature size has leveled out, adding a third dimension to the predominantly two-dimensional ICs appears a promising future strategy for further IC architecture improvement. Crucial for efficient electronic–photonic co-integration is complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility of the associated photonic integration fabrication process. Here, we review our latest results obtained in the FEMTO-ST RENATECH facilities on using additive photo-induced polymerization of a standard photo-resin for truly three-dimensional (3D) photonic integration according to these principles. Based on one- and two-photon polymerization (TPP) and combined with direct-laser writing, we 3D-printed air- and polymer-cladded photonic waveguides. An important application of such circuits are the interconnects of optical neural networks, where 3D integration enables scalability in terms of network size versus its geometric dimensions. In particular via flash-TPP, a fabrication process combining blanket one- and high-resolution TPP, we demonstrated polymer-cladded step-index waveguides with up to 6 mm length, low insertion (∼0.26 dB) and propagation (∼1.3 dB mm–1) losses, realized broadband and low loss (∼0.06 dB splitting losses) adiabatic 1 to M couplers as well as tightly confining air-cladded waveguides for denser integration. By stably printing such integrated photonic circuits on standard semiconductor samples, we show the concept’s CMOS compatibility. With this, we lay out a promising, future avenue for scalable integration of hybrid photonic and electronic components.
Interdigitated electrodes-based Au-MoS2 hybrid gas sensor for sensing toxic CO and NH3 gases at room temperature
Authors: Rawat Saurabh , Bamola Priyanka , Rani Chanchal , Kaushik Vishakha , Kumar Ujjwal , Dwivedi Charu , Rattan Rekha , Sharma Mohit , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Himani 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the quest to create effective sensors that operate at room temperature, consume less power and maintain their stability over time for detecting toxic gases in the environment, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and MoS2-based hybrids have emerged as potent materials. In this context, the current work describes the fabrication of Au-MoS2 hybrid gas sensor fabricated on gold interdigitated electrodes (GIEs) for sensing harmful CO and NH3 gases at room temperature. The GIEs-based Au-MoS2 hybrid sensors are fabricated by decorating MoS2 nanoflowers (MNF) with varying size of Au nanoparticles using an inert gas evaporation technique. It is observed that by varying the size of Au nanoparticles, the crystallinity gets modified, as confirmed by x-ray diffraction and Micro-Raman spectroscopy (μRS). The gas sensing measurements revealed that the best sensing response is found from the Au-MoS2 hybrid (with an average particle size of 10 nm). This particular hybrid shows a 79% response to CO exposure and a 69% response to NH3 exposure. The measurements are about 3.5 and 5 times higher than the bare MoS2 when exposed to CO and NH3 at room temperature, respectively. This enhancement in sensing response is attributed to the modified interfacial interaction between the Au nanoparticles and MNF gets improved, which leads to the formation of a Schottky barrier, as confirmed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. This enables the development of efficient gas sensors that respond quickly to changes in the gas around them.