bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive analysis of lung cancer highlighting epidemiological factors and psychiatric comorbidities from the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Shaw Vikram R. , Byun Jinyoung , Pettit Rowland W. , Han Younghun , Hsiou David A. , Nordstrom Luke A. , Amos Christopher I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Investigating epidemiological and clinical parameters can contribute to an improved understanding of disease development and management. In this cross-sectional, case–control study, we used the All of Us database to compare healthcare access, family history, smoking-related behaviors, and psychiatric comorbidities in light smoking controls, matched smoking controls, and primary and secondary lung cancer patients. We found a decreased odds of primary lung cancer patients versus matched smoking controls reporting inability to afford follow-up or specialist care. Additionally, we found a significantly increased odds of secondary lung cancer patients having comorbid anxiety and insomnia when compared to matched smoking controls. Our study provides a profile of the psychiatric disease burden in lung cancer patients and reports key epidemiological factors in patients with primary and secondary lung cancer. By using two controls, we were able to separate smoking behavior from lung cancer and identify factors that were mediated by heavy smoking alone or by both smoking and lung cancer.
Ultrastructure and fractal property of chromosomes in close-to-native yeast nuclei visualized using X-ray laser diffraction
Authors: Uezu So , Yamamoto Takahiro , Oide Mao , Takayama Yuki , Okajima Koji , Kobayashi Amane , Yamamoto Masaki , Nakasako Masayoshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGenome compaction and activity in the nucleus depend on spatiotemporal changes in the organization of chromatins in chromosomes. However, the direct imaging of the chromosome structures in the nuclei has been difficult and challenging. Herein, we directly visualized the structure of chromosomes in frozen-hydrated nuclei of budding yeast in the interphase using X-ray laser diffraction. The reconstructed projection electron density maps revealed inhomogeneous distributions of chromosomes, such as a 300 nm assembly and fibrous substructures in the elliptic-circular shaped nuclei of approximately 800 nm. In addition, from the diffraction patterns, we confirmed the absence of regular arrangements of chromosomes and chromatins with 400–20 nm spacing, and demonstrated that chromosomes were composed of self-similarly assembled substructural domains with an average radius of gyration of 58 nm and smooth surfaces. Based on these analyses, we constructed putative models to discuss the organization of 16 chromosomes, carrying DNA of 4.1 mm in 800 nm ellipsoid of the nucleus at the interphase. We anticipate the structural parameters on the fractal property of chromosomes and the experimental images to be a starting point for constructing more sophisticated 3D structural models of the nucleus.
An attempt to model the causal structure behind white matter aging and cognitive decline
Authors: Koten Jan Willem , Koschutnig Karl , Wood Guilherme 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this diffusion tension imaging study, voxel wise structural equation modeling was used to unravel the relation between white matter, cognition, and age. Four neurocognitive ageing models describing the interplay between age, white matter integrity, and cognition were investigated but only two models survived an Akaike information criterion-based model selection procedure. The independent factor model predicts that there is no relation between white matter integrity and cognition although both systems are affected by age. The cognitive mediation model predicts that the relation between age and white matter integrity is mediated through cognition. Roughly 60% of the observed voxels were in agreement with the independent factor model while 16% of the observed voxels were in agreement with the cognitive mediation model. Imaging results of the latter model suggest that the deterioration of fibers—that connect the two hemispheres with each other—is partly caused by an age-related decline in cognitive functioning.
TPO as an indicator of lymph node metastasis and recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Li Xiang , Cheng Ruochuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the expression of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to preliminarily investigate its value as a marker of lymph node metastasis and recurrence in patients with PTC. Clinical data of PTC patients and TPO expression were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for analysis. We recruited 230 consecutive PTC patients from the Department of Thyroid Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, collected their clinicopathological data, and also performed immunohistochemical analysis of TPO expression on their thyroid specimens to validate the results of bioinformatics analysis. In addition, the construction of protein–protein interaction networks was performed too. Functional enrichment analysis and immuno-infiltration analysis characterized the pathways in which TPO genes may be involved. Data mining based on the TCGA database showed that TPO expression in PTC tissues was significantly lower than in paired normal thyroid tissues. The expression level of TPO in PTC tissues correlated with tumor lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Follow-up data from our center also validated the difference in TPO expression and its relationship with lymph node metastasis in PTC patients. Functional enrichment analysis showed that TPO function was significantly associated with signaling pathways related to amino acid metabolism, gene expression regulation and tumorigenesis. TPO expression was also significantly associated with immune infiltration. Our study showed that reduced TPO expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and recurrence in patients with PTC, and we validated this result in our central cohort. These data suggest that TPO may serve as a prognostic indicator for PTC.
Effects of whole-grain cereals on fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in dogs: a comparison of rye, oats and wheat
Authors: Palmqvist Hanna , Höglund Katja , Ringmark Sara , Lundh Torbjörn , Dicksved Johan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDietary fiber in dog food is reported to promote healthy gut microbiota, but few studies have investigated the effects of whole-grain cereals, which contain a variety of fiber types and other bioactive compounds. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of diets containing whole-grain rye (RYE), oats (OAT) and wheat (WHE) on fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid production. Eighteen dogs were fed three experimental diets, each for four weeks, in a cross-over design. Fecal samples were collected at the end of each diet period. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed that family Lachnospiraceae and genus Bacteroides were the gut microbial groups most affected by diet, with lowest relative abundance following consumption of RYE and a trend for a corresponding increase in genus Prevotella_9. Fecal acetate and propionate concentrations were higher after consumption of RYE compared with OAT. In conclusion, rye had the strongest effect on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids, although the implications for dog gut health are not yet elucidated.
Tumor-related epilepsy and post-surgical outcomes: tertiary hospital experience in Vietnam
Authors: Le Viet-Thang , Nguyen Anh Minh , Pham Tuan Anh , Nguyen Phuc Long 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSeizures have a significant impact on the quality of life of those who suffer. This study aimed to evaluate the variables that influence the incidence of seizures during the perioperative period and effective measures to enhance epilepsy outcomes among individuals undergoing surgical resection of brain tumors. The authors carried out a prospective observational analysis of all patients who experienced seizures before their brain tumor surgery at UMC, HCMC between 2020 and 2022. 54 cases presented with seizures were enrolled for the study, generalized seizure was the most prevalent seizure type (61.1%), followed by focal seizure (29.6%). The majority of patients presented with seizures are those who were diagnosed with glioma. Low-grade gliomas and frontotemporal lobe tumors increase the postoperative risk of seizure. Other predictive factors are a prolonged history of seizure, especially resistant epilepsy and major peritumoral edema. In contrast, gross total resection reduces postoperative seizure incidence. There was correlation between Ki67 proliferation index and seizure incidence in both low-grade and high-grade gliomas. ECoG made insubstantial difference in enhancing the epilepsy surgery outcome. Overall, 88.9% of patients were seizure-free at 6 months of follow-up (Engel Class I), 7.4% were almost seizure-free (Class II), and 3.7% had significant improvement (Class III), figures for 12-month follow-up were 87.0%, 9.3%, and 3.7% respectively. A shorter history of seizure and gross-total resection appear to be associated with a favorable prognosis for seizure control.
High throughput computations of the effective removal of liquified gases by novel perchlorate hybrid material
Authors: Unimuke Tomsmith O. , Louis Hitler , Ikenyirimba Onyinye J. , Mathias Gideon E. , Adeyinka Adedapo S. , Nasr Chérif Ben 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe utilization of hybrid materials in separation technology, sorbents, direct air capture (DAC) technology, sensors, adsorbents, and chiral material recognition has increased in the past decade due to the recognized impact of atmospheric pollutants and hazardous industrial gases on climate change. A novel hybrid material, perchlorate hybrid (PClH), has been proposed in this study for the effective sensory detection and trapping of atmospheric pollutants and industrial hazardous gases. The study evaluated the structural properties, adsorption mechanism, electronic sensitivity, and topological analysis of PClH using highly accurate computational methods (M062X-D3BJ/def2-ccpVTZ and DSDPBEP86/def2-ccpVTZ). The computational analysis demonstrated that PClH has considerable adsorption energies and favorable interaction with CO2, NO2, SO2, COCl2, and H2S. PClH is more suitable for detecting liquefiable gases such as COCl2, CO2, and SO2, and can be easily recovered under ambient conditions. Developing such materials can contribute to reducing hazardous gases and pollutants in the atmosphere, leading to a cleaner and safer environment.
The mediating effects of dysfunctional attitudes and moderating effect of sex between stressful life events and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students
Authors: Li Wenfu , Chen Jingting , Liu Yujia , Liu Yanzhi , Hu Xiaoran , Mu Fuqin , Liu Chuanxin , Zhang Ying , Liu Yan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStressful life events (SLEs) closely correlates with depressive symptoms. Although vulnerability-stress model suggests SLEs interacted with dysfunctional attitudes (DA) to predict depression, the mediation role of DA is poorly understood. Therefore, this study intended to investigate the mediating role of DA and the moderating role of sex between SLEs and self-reported depression. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 7769 Chinese college students. Participants were assessed in terms of self-reported SLEs, DA and depression variables. Results showed that there were significant sex differences in both SLE and DA. DA mediated the association between SLE and self-reported depression. The moderated mediation model analysis showed that the interaction of SLEs and sex significantly predicted DA in mediator variable model and self-reported depression in dependent variable model. Results indicated that DA partially mediated the association between SLEs and self-reported depression, and sex moderates the association between SLEs and both DA and self-reported depression, which females have bigger changes of DA and depressive symptoms across low and high levels of SLEs than males.
An ensemble deep learning model for risk stratification of invasive lung adenocarcinoma using thin-slice CT
Authors: Zhou Jing , Hu Bin , Feng Wei , Zhang Zhang , Fu Xiaotong , Shao Handie , Wang Hansheng , Jin Longyu , Ai Siyuan , Ji Ying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLung cancer screening using computed tomography (CT) has increased the detection rate of small pulmonary nodules and early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. It would be clinically meaningful to accurate assessment of the nodule histology by CT scans with advanced deep learning algorithms. However, recent studies mainly focus on predicting benign and malignant nodules, lacking of model for the risk stratification of invasive adenocarcinoma. We propose an ensemble multi-view 3D convolutional neural network (EMV-3D-CNN) model to study the risk stratification of lung adenocarcinoma. We include 1075 lung nodules (≤30 mm and ≥4 mm) with preoperative thin-section CT scans and definite pathology confirmed by surgery. Our model achieves a state-of-art performance of 91.3% and 92.9% AUC for diagnosis of benign/malignant and pre-invasive/invasive nodules, respectively. Importantly, our model outperforms senior doctors in risk stratification of invasive adenocarcinoma with 77.6% accuracy [i.e., Grades 1, 2, 3]). It provides detailed predictive histological information for the surgical management of pulmonary nodules. Finally, for user-friendly access, the proposed model is implemented as a web-based system (https://seeyourlung.com.cn).
The relevance of the unique anatomy of the human prefrontal operculum to the emergence of speech
Authors: Amiez Céline , Verstraete Charles , Sallet Jérôme , Hadj-Bouziane Fadila , Ben Hamed Suliann , Meguerditchian Adrien , Procyk Emmanuel , Wilson Charles R. E. , Petrides Michael , Sherwood Chet C. , Hopkins William D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIdentifying the evolutionary origins of human speech remains a topic of intense scientific interest. Here we describe a unique feature of adult human neuroanatomy compared to chimpanzees and other primates that may provide an explanation of changes that occurred to enable the capacity for speech. That feature is the Prefrontal extent of the Frontal Operculum (PFOp) region, which is located in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, adjacent and ventromedial to the classical Broca’s area. We also show that, in chimpanzees, individuals with the most human-like PFOp, particularly in the left hemisphere, have greater oro-facial and vocal motor control abilities. This critical discovery, when combined with recent paleontological evidence, suggests that the PFOp is a recently evolved feature of human cortical structure (perhaps limited to the genus Homo) that emerged in response to increasing selection for cognitive and motor functions evident in modern speech abilities.
Multi‐modified epoxy insulation with improved flashover threshold for HVDC applications
Authors: Ul Haq Inzamam , Wang Feipeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe flashover threshold (Vflsh) of polymer insulations such as epoxy (EP) in HVDC systems can be augmented by modifying their surface with an appropriate treatment technology. For such purpose, several surface treatment methods such as ion beam, sandpaper and a combination of the two is introduced. Firstly, insulation samples with pure epoxy (EPpure), different ion beam treatment periods (EPion;10, 15, 20 min) and different roughness (EPsand; R1 = 4.23 μm, R2 = 6.34 μm, R3 = 9.21 μm) are prepared on the laboratory scale. Afterward, based on several characterisations, such as surface conductivity, mean surface roughness and potential distribution of these insulations, multi‐modified insulation (EPmulti = EPion‐20 + EPsand‐R3) is prepared. In the end, the Vflsh of each insulation group is measured and compared to examine the effectiveness of the proposed modifications. It is obtained that the Vflsh of the modified insulations augmented dramatically irrespective of the treatment method. The Vflsh of the insulation group EPmulti augmented by 52.66 % which is the highest improvement among all insulation groups. In short, the proposed surface modifications are effective and could be used as references to enhance the insulation strength of polymer dielectrics in HVDC systems.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Homocoupling of 2-Iodophenols for the Synthesis of Symmetrical Xanthones
Authors: Bhanage Bhalchandra M. , Lokolkar Manjunath S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerein, we report the palladium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of symmetrical xanthones from functionalized 2-iodophenols in a one-pot manner. The protocol involves homocoupling of 2-iodophenols using Pd catalyst, Cs2CO3 as base, with gaseous CO as C1 building block. The simple, ligand- and additive-free strategy provides moderate to good yields of symmetrical xanthones. The reaction was also examined with the combination of 2-hydroxyphenyl boronic acid as another coupling partner. Additionally, this protocol was extended for the synthesis of aryl and alkyl salicylate derivatives by varying the reaction conditions.
Prospective Observational Study on the Risk Factors of Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression and Its Management in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Keziah D. , Bindhiya M. , Jayaprakash M. , Prudence Rodrigues A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction Myelosuppression is a commonly observed dose-limiting side effect of majority of chemotherapeutic drugs, characterized by a decrease in blood cell production. They cause neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia and can be life threatening in few susceptible individuals. Attempts to lessen chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression have been minimally effective. Managing myelosuppression has been a challenge to medical practitioners and pharmacist. Identifying their risk factors and the management strategies can help prevent the debilitating effects on chemotherapy patients.
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression and identify its management in a tertiary care hospital. We also observed the cycle it predominantly occurs and its prevalence rate in the region.
Materials and Methods The study is a prospective observational cohort study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The sample size was calculated using RAO software for a study duration of 4 months from 73 patients who were prescribed the inclusion criteria drugs paclitaxel, carboplatin, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. The complete blood count was obtained and followed up to find myelosuppression occurrence on day 8 of first three cycles. The National Cancer Institute grading system was used to assess the severity of myelosuppression. It was done from May 2022 to August 2022. Chi-squared tests and percentages were adopted by using the SPSS software.
Result The result for primary objective is that among the total 73 patients employed, 30 patients were found to be myelosuppressive (41%) and the prevalence rate was 41%. Risk factors such as age, gender, and diagnosis showed statistically significant association (confidence interval: 95% and p-value <0.005). The drugs paclitaxel, carboplatin, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and adriamycin proved to be highly myelosuppressive with a p-value of 0.049.The results for secondary objectives were that cycle 1 was reported to be highly myelosuppressive with 27%. The treatment options that was highly used was granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (90%), followed by packed red blood cell transfusion (7%).
Conclusion The incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression from this study showed that it was important to monitor the complete blood count levels in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Early assessment of risk for developing myelosuppression may prevent or reduce its severity.
A Survey on Unmet Need for Uniform Next-Generation Sequencing Reporting in India
Authors: Pathak Neha , I. Anu R. , Kulkarni Padmaj , Patel Amol 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has paved the way for precision oncology in oncology clinics today. With rapidly advancing therapeutics, it is becoming increasingly important to obtain information about the molecular milieu of a patient's tumor. However, reporting and interpreting of NGS is fraught with complexity and variability. To understand the questions surrounding NGS reporting in India, we conducted a survey.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the gaps in NGS reporting and interpretation in Indian medical oncology clinics.
Materials and Methods: An anonymized 10-question survey-based study among Indian medical oncologists through Google forms was conducted between October 4 and 8, 2022.
Results: The sample size was n = 58. Seventy-one percent felt there was heterogeneity in NGS reporting, 72% were unaware of NGS reporting guidelines, and 62% did not feel the need for a molecular scientist assist in NGS interpretation. Almost all (98%) felt there was a need for uniform NGS reporting as well as an Indian NGS repository and data-sharing system (93%).
Conclusion: Our survey highlights the need for a uniform national guideline concerning NGS reporting.
Gravitational wave hints black hole remnants as dark matter
Authors: Domènech Guillem , Sasaki Misao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe end state of Hawking evaporation of a black hole is uncertain. Some candidate quantum gravity theories, such as loop quantum gravity and asymptotic safe gravity, hint towards Planck sized remnants. If so, the Universe might be filled with remnants of tiny primordial black holes, which formed with massM<109 g. A unique scenario is the case ofM∼5×105 g, where tiny primordial black holes reheat the Universe by Hawking evaporation and their remnants dominate the dark matter (DM). Here, we point out that this scenario leads to a cosmological gravitational wave signal at frequencies ∼100 Hz. Finding such a particular gravitational wave signature with, e.g. the Einstein telescope, would suggest black hole remnants as DM.
Quantum field corrections to the equation of state of freely streaming matter in the Friedman–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker space-time
Authors: Becattini F , Roselli D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We calculate the energy density and pressure of a scalar field after its decoupling from a thermal bath in the spatially flat Friedman–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker space-time, within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics. By using the density operator determined by the condition of local thermodynamic equilibrium, we calculate the mean value of the stress-energy tensor of a real scalar field by subtracting the vacuum expectation value at the time of the decoupling. The obtained expressions of energy density and pressure involve corrections with respect to the classical free-streaming solution of the relativistic Boltzmann equation, which may become relevant even at long times.