bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Low-level Laser Versus High-intensity Laser Therapy in the Management of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ordahan Banu , Yigit Fatih , Mülkoglu Cevriye 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) are effective in alleviating pain and improving functionality in patients with adhesive capsulitis (AC); however, no study has compared the efficacy of these two laser treatments.

Objective:
To compare the effectiveness of LLLT and HILT in improving the shoulder joint range of motion and functional status and in reducing pain level in patients with AC.

Trial Design:
Prospective, randomized, parallel group, patient- and assessor-blinded.

Methods:
A total of 45 patients (aged: 18–65 years) with complaint of shoulder pain were evaluated for inclusion criteria, which included being aged 18–65 years and a diagnosis of AC based on physical examinations. Using computer-generated random numbers, eligible patients were randomized into two groups: HILT + stretching exercise and LLLT + stretching exercise groups. Both HILT and LLLT were performed three times/week for 3 weeks. Functional status and pain of the patients were evaluated with Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while shoulder joint range of motion was measured with goniometry. All assessments were done before and 3 weeks after treatment.

Results:
A total of 40 patients (20 in each group) completed the study. At baseline, there was no statistically significant difference in the demographic and clinical characteristics between both groups. Both the LLLT and HILT groups showed significant improvement in the VAS and SPADI scores 3 weeks after treatment; however, the improvement was significantly higher in the HILT group than the LLLT group. There was no significant improvement in goniometric scores in both groups compared with baseline. No injury or other musculoskeletal complications were recorded during or after the treatments.

Conclusion:
HILT + stretching exercise treatment was more effective than LLLT + stretching exercise for improving functional parameters and pain in patients with AC.

Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov

Identifier:
NCT05469672.

Funding:
None
LEGAL ACCOUNTABILITY OF ONLINE LOAN ENTREPRENEURS TOWARD DEBTORS WHO ARE HARMED WHEN BILLING AND DATA DISTRIBUTION IS PERFORMED IN LAW NO. 19 OF 2016 CONCERNING ELECTRONIC INFORMATION AND TRANSACTIONS
Authors: Widodo Tulus , Samudra Hero , Markoni Markoni 
Published: July 2023

The responsibility of online loan entrepreneurs and legal protection for debtors of online loan services is still lacking due to limited information technology literacy for debtors, this limitation causes debtors not to think about the dangers of borrowing easily offered from various financial services.
Because of this, it is necessary to conduct a study regarding information literacy between the borrower and the lender (online-based financial service entrepreneurs), literacy in the form of Information Technology knowledge which is explained according to article 26 is that loan service entrepreneurs have an obligation to maintain integrity, confidentiality, and availability than the debtor's data from the time the data was obtained until the data was destroyed. Reaffirmed in Law no. 19 of 2016 concerning ITE which contains articles regarding the provision of accountability and protection for consumers of loan services.
In addition, there is a need for cooperation between the Ministry of Communication and Informatics of the Republic of Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority and the authorities in carrying out supervision, increasing the digital literacy of the community.
Peran Mini-Barcode Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) untuk Identifikasi Molekuler Spesies Anggrek
Authors: Su'udi Mukhamad , Ramadany Zakiyah , Rohimah Siti , Arum Asyifa Yasmin , Setyati Dwi , Ulum Fuad Bahrul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMolecular identification using short orthological DNA sequences (DNA barcoding) has been applied for the classification of orchid species which is a major step in biodiversity management, conservation, breeding, authenticating components of herbal products, and tracking the adulteration of orchid species. One of the most widely used loci for phylogenetic inference at the generic and infrageneric levels in plants was ITS located between 18S rDNA, 5.8S rDNA, and 26S rDNA. The ITS or ITS2 region has been suggested as a plant barcode in some previous studies. However, DNA barcoding using the entire ITS genome is considered less effective and efficient in the process of PCR amplification and sequencing. Besides, complete DNA barcodes are difficult to obtain from herbarium samples and herbal products because some DNA sequences have been degraded. DNA mini-barcodes were developed over the past ten years to overcome issues related to DNA barcoding. DNA mini-barcodes use shorter DNA segments for PCR amplification, so they can identify species effectively and efficiently compared to the regular DNA barcoding. Specific primers that encode the ITS1 and ITS2 regions need to be designed for the PCR amplification. DNA mini-barcoding ITS has proven useful in species identification, classification studies, and authentication of specific orchid species. Therefore, a new rapid identification method based on the ITS mini-barcode is expected to be established, especially for orchid species. Keywords : DNA mini-barcode, Internal Transcribed Spacer, Orchid, Primer Design
Evaluation of Sthapani Marma: A Review
Authors: Kunwar Adhar Bhatnagar  , Preeti Srivastava  , Amandeep Kaur  
Published: July 2023

Marma points represent crucial areas within the human body, as described in various Ayurvedic texts. These points are more than just surface landmarks; they are deeply rooted physio-anatomical structures. Defined as the intersection of Mamsa, Sira, Snayu, Asthi, and Sandhi in a specific location, Marma serves as the focal point of Prana. Ayurveda identifies 107 such Marma points in the body. Prominent scholars like Acharya Sushruta and Vagbhatta have classified them into different categories based on location, structure, prognosis, number, and measurement. When injuries occur to certain Vishlyaghna Marma points, an individual can survive as long as the foreign object remains lodged there; however, death is imminent once it is removed. Life can be sustained if the object naturally falls out post-suppuration. Vishalyaghna Marma points are closely related to Vayu dominance. Among these vital points is the Sthapani Marma, situated between the two eyebrows or superciliary arches. In Tamil, both "Varmam" and "Marmam" refer to these vital points. Varmalogy therapy manipulates Varmam locations where Pranic energy is concentrated or blocked. Stimulating specific Varmam points releases trapped energy that restores balance in affected regions due to trauma. Siddha science recognizes Tilartha Kalam at the same position as Sthapani Marma in Ayurveda – the glabella region.
This article will delve deeper into the structures underlying the Sthapani Marma and attempt to draw correlations with Siddha science while exploring ways to stimulate this particular Varmam point effectively.
An Open Labelled, Parallel Arm Interventional Clinical Assessment of Vasa (Justicia Adhatoda L.) in Dadru Kushtha (Fungal Skin Infection)
Authors: Harsh Upadhyay  , Suman Singh  , Neha Parmar  , Dilip Jani  
Published: July 2023

Vasa is a prime drug of respiratory disorders in Ayurveda. Seers of Ayurveda have also prescribed it as a single drug in Kushtha Roga in various dosage forms. It possesses Tikta Rasa Pradhana–Kashaya Anurasa, Sheeta Virya, Laghu Guna and Kapha-Pitta Hara properties. Many experimental studies like antitussive, bronchodilator activity, anti-asthmatic activities and clinical study were conducted to evaluate its Kasahara, Shwasahara, Raktapittahara Karma. But till date not a single study conducted to evaluate its Kushthaghna effect. Hence, an attempt was made to clinically compare Vasa with standard drug Nimba for its Kushthghna Karma. Aim: To clinically assess the effect of Vasa in Dadru Kushtha. Settings and Design: Interventional, Open labeled, Randomized, Parallel arm. Methods and Material: Fresh leaves of Vasa were collected from periphery of Rajpipla, Gujarat. The patients were selected from Government Ayurved College & Hospital, Vadodara and grading analogue scale, general & physical examination was done as a screening. Statistical analysis used: Data were calculated by student ‘t’ test for parametric data using Sigma stat 3.2. Results: Vasa showed statistically significant (p<0.001) results in all symptoms of Dadru Kushtha. Group A- (Nimba) showed 75.83% and Group B- (Vasa) showed 78.54% improvement in all symptoms of Dadru. The chief complaint of Dadru Kushtha i.e., Kandu was better relieved by Vasa on the basis of percentage of relief i.e. 97.92% in comparison to Nimba i.e., 89.58. Conclusion: Vasa is effective in all the symptoms of Dadru Kushtha. Current study suggests that it can be effectively used in Kapha pitta pradhana Kushtharoga.
Chaturbeeja Arka in Primary Dysmenorrhoea- A Case Series
Authors: Aswani.K.J  , Maya Balakrishnan  , Jyothi.P.K  
Published: July 2023

Dysmenorrhoea is the most common problem in adolescent gynaecology. It is related to significant absenteeism from school and poor academic performance. Primary dysmenorrhoea is widely prevalent in more than 50% of teenagers. Among Yonirogas udavartha yonivyapath, presents with painful menstruation and its main feature is relief of pain following discharge of blood, which is characteristic of primary dysmenorrhoea. The objective of treating primary dysmenorrhoea is to reduce pain, so that the patient is not restricted from attending her daily routine activities. Pharmacological strategies for Primary Dysmenorrhoea generally involve non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or hormonal contraceptives which may have adverse effects. So, developing Ayurveda medicines with minimal adverse effects have significant relevance.
Chaturbeeja arka mentioned in Chaturtha sathakam of Arka prakasha consists of Methika, Chandrashura, Kalaajaji and Yavani. It has Soolahara, Adhmanahara and Sameerajith properties. Compared to Kashaya kalpana, Arka kalpana is required in lesser dosage, has higher patient compliance, has longer shelf life and does not require addition of preservatives. A pilot study was conducted in 5 diagnosed cases of Primary dysmenorrhoea. It was found to be effective in lower abdominal pain and associated low back ache. The current article is an attempt to explore the effect of Chaturbeeja arka in primary dysmenorrhoea.
Experimental Evaluation of Eladi Gutika for its Anti-Rheumatic Activity
Authors: Lavanya N.C  , Chaitra.L.V  , Vidya Rani.M  
Published: July 2023

Background: Amavata is a disease caused due to the vitiation or aggravation of Vata associated with Ama. Vitiated Vatadosha circulates the Ama all over the body and Sthanasamshraya in joints producing symptoms such as stiffness, swelling and tenderness in multiple joints. The symptoms of Amavata are identical to Rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis is affecting the people predominantly between the ages of 30 to 50 years with predictable course it is a chronic inflammatory and systemic auto-immune disease. About 1% of the world population is affected by Rheumatoid arthritis and 2 to 3 times more common in women than men.
Aim and objective: An experimental evaluation of Eladi gutika for its anti-rheumatic activity.
Methods: The experimental study was a three-group experimental study, conducted on 6 different rats on each group. Total 18 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 150-200gms will be taken and divided randomly into three groups; Rats were induced rheumatoid arthritis with single subcutaneous injection of “Freund’s complete adjuvant (0.05ml-0.1ml) into footpad or base of the tail. The rats exhibit rheumatic symptoms within 12-14 days. Rats of group 1 will be administered with distilled water served as control group. Group 2 will be administered with celecoxib 10 mg/kg. Group 3 will be administered with Eladi gutika 40 mg/kg (trial group) for 21 day.
Results: In the experimental study the result was showed as the Eladi gutika helps to decrease the CRP and ESR levels.
Conclusion: From the experimental study the result it was found that Eladi gutika showed mild ant-rheumatic activity. Hence, it was inferred that the selected Eladi gutika inhibits the anti-rheumatic activity and there by curing Amavata.
A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Guduchyadi Rasayana as a Rasayana
Authors: Chauhan Bindu  , Mishra Anjana  , Chaudhary Vijay  
Published: July 2023

Now a days reprehensive food habits, erroneous life style, stress, environmental pollution etc are exerting awful effects on human beings. Stress has become an inevitable and most unwanted companion of civilization. It can be induced by several factors like an environmental changes extremes of temperature, fear, anxiety, shock, grief, pain and so on. When the individual is unable to cope with it, it induces a number of clinical manifestations like hypertension, coronary artery disease, peptic ulcer, asthma, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, fatigue, muscles pain, sleeping problem, behavioural disorders like anxiety and depression. Thus they are susceptible to develop premature aging and various disorders.
Ayurvedic text describes Rasayana therapy to rejuvenate and nourish the body and mind. Ayurveda emphasizes on the importance of preventive medicine by boosting an individual’s own immune system. Rasayana therapy rejuvenates and prevents the effect of aging and improves the quality of life. Rasayana is useful in treating the disease as well as in maintaining the health of individuals. Rasayana drugs are having Balya, Medhya, Agnivardhaka, Ojovardhaka, Vyasthapna properties. It has been proved that these drugs are immunomodulator, adaptogenic, anti-stress, anti-anxiety and anti-depressant and hepatoprotective. So, Rasayana may be helpful to cope up with all the problems occurring due to modern lifestyle.
Method Development and Validation of Rifampicin by Using RP-HPLC Method in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Gadi Vijaya Lakshmi  , B. Dileep  , K.Sirisha  , M.Vijaya Snehitha  , T.T.J.S. Srinivasa Guptha  
Published: July 2023

A rapid and sensitive RP-HPLC method with UV detection (219nm) for routine analysis of Rifampicin in a pharmaceutical formulation was developed. Chromatography was performed with a mobile phase containing a methanol of assay (99.8%) with flow rate of 0.9ml/min. Quantitation was accomplished with an internal standard method. The procedure was validated for linearity (correlation coefficient = 0.9957), accuracy and limit of detection (LOD) intraday precision. To test validation of the Rifampicin three factors were considered as linearity, precision, LOD where mobile phase, flowrate and pressure are respectively selected as methanol, 0.9ml/min, 1200 pascals. To ensure precise intraday measurements, the variables taken into account were the analyst and the equipment. The RSD value (0.20%) indicated a good precision of the analytical method. The proposed method was simple; highly sensitive, precise, accurate and retention time less than 3 min indicating that the method is useful for routine quality control.
Physical activity, music and the aging brain - A Review
Authors: Le Roux Frances Hendriëhetta 
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis with physical and mental disorders, especially for the elderly. Resilience or the ability to bounce back or recover from stress and negative emotions are important for well-being. Music is a powerful, pleasurable stimulus that can induce positive well-being and promoting cognition. A combination of non-pharmaceutical interventions can produce more benefits. Several studies support the notion that physical activity can help alleviate the negative impact of age on body and mind. Research on normal and pathological aging reveal that music is an interesting and powerful means of promoting cognition, well-being and social connection in older adults. Physical exercise combined with music induces greater positive effects on cognition function, well-being and lead to neuroanatomical changes. Music and exercise cross the disciplines of bio-mechanics, neurology, physiology and sport psychology and bring social and spiritual benefits. Self-selected music elicited the greatest improvements, it offers a motivational boost, resulting in greater enjoyment and longer engagement in activity. This literature review aims to provide an overview on studies that have explored physical activity and the aging brain. And how music combined with physical activity can positively have an impact on emotional well-being of the elderly.
Keywords: Music, Exercises, Well-being, Aging Brain
Implementasi Model CCL sebagai Solusi Pembelajaran dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Sains Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Puspita Sari Nena 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan literasi sains melalui implementasi model CCL pada materi energi dan perubannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest and posttest. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV di SDN Lampeuneurut yang berjumlah 160 siswa. Adapun teknik pengambil sampel yaitu random sampling, sehingga sampel dalam penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV-B berjumlah 40 siswa yang terdiri dari 22 siswa perempuan dan 18 siswa laki-laki. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi dan butir soal tes. Teknik analisis data digunakan persentase untuk mengukur keterlaksanaan implementasi model CCL, dan untuk analisis literasi sains dilakukan dengan menggunakan gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlaksanaan implementasi model CCL adalah 83% yang dikategorikan baik. Hasil analisis literasi sains menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dengan skor gain untuk indikator identifikasi masalah yaitu 0,5; indikator menarik kesimpulan adalah 0,7 dan indikator membuat keputusan yaitu 0,5. Peningkatan literasi sains pada gain tersebut dikategorikan pada kategori sedang. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi model CCL ini dapat meningkatkan literasi sains siswa sekolah dasar pada materi energi dan perubahnnya.
O ATENDIMENTO EDUCACIONAL ESPECIALIZADO COMO PROPOSTA DE EQUIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Alves Guimarães Ueudison , Aparecida Brandão Conceição , Apolinário Daitx Mariele , Frank Gomes de Arruda Dutra Anne , Robbi Bubula Lopes Vanessa , Soares da Silva Iraide 
Published: July 2023

Este estudo discorre acerca das concepções da Educação especial em relação à inclusão escolar e como contribuir para a trajetória inclusiva. Na maioria das vezes os professores não estão preparados para lidarem com diferenças encontradas diante dos educandos no ambiente escolar, de maneira que possam garantir o aprendizado de todos de maneira igual, sem exclusão. Para que haja inclusão, é necessário que os docentes tenham capacitação para lidar com todos os educandos, apesar de suas religiões, características, gêneros e culturas, além dos que têm necessidades especiais, visando que o tratamento diferenciado pode trazer sérias consequências psicológicas na vida da criança que podem permanecer para toda a vida. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico com característica qualitativa, mediada por estudos e artigos de autores renomados na área em questão com o propósito de evidenciar a importância da inclusão dos educandos, de modo geral, no processo educativo, garantindo a participação de todos de maneira eficaz, propiciando às instituições de ensino a procura por novos modelos de aprendizagem e potencializem a formação continuada de seus docentes para que possam atender essa demanda com qualidade.
FIRM SPECIFIC DRIVERS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) DISCLOSURE AMONG OIL AND MULTINATIONALS IN NIGERIA
Authors: OBUROTA, Mary Perpetual  , EBIAGHAN, Orits Frank  
Published: July 2023

As public awareness on the role of corporations in sustaining both the immediate and future generations grow over time, the need to think beyond profit maximization become more intense. However, the issue as to what determines a firm’s corporate social responsibility disclosure-CSRD remains unresolved. Consequently, this paper examined four firm-specific of CSR disclosure drivers in the Nigerian oil and gas industry over ten (10) years spanning through 2012 to 2021.The regressor employed are Return on Asset-ROA, Leverage-LEV, firm size-FSZ, and, Dividend Per Share-DPS. Meanwhile, the regressed is CSRD. Data collected was sourced from the targeted oil and gas multinationals from 2012-2021. Data set was described using Descriptive and inferential statistics and panel least square method with the help of E-VIEWs version 9.0. The finding shows that all the variables except LEV have direct (linear) and high (considerable) effect on CSRD whereas, LEV has adverse (non-linear) and high (considerable) but significant with CSRD. As such, management of targeted oil and gas multinationals should opt for optimal financing mix since it is a major driver of CSR disclosure. Again, DPS should be given to shareholders. Lastly, the regulatory authorities should set the quantum amount of at least 2.5% on profit before tax for execution of CSR activities to communities.
Keywords: CSR Disclosure, Return on Asset-ROA, Leverage-LEV, Firm Size-FSZ, and, Dividend per Share-DPS.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for Lower Back Pain
Authors: Hao Qiukui , Walter Melissa 
Published: July 2023

Platelet-rich plasma injections (PRPIs) might be better than other injections (including steroid injections) for patients with lower back pain in reducing pain and enhancing patient satisfaction, without increasing the risk of major complications or serious adverse events.
For patients with low back pain who received PRPI, disability measures were lower up to 6 months after treatment than before PRPI, while MRI findings were unchanged from baseline.
The included systematic reviews did not report any major complications or serious adverse events related to PRPIs.
We did not find any studies reporting on the comparisons between PRPI and other conservative treatments such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, exercise, or physiotherapy that met the inclusion criteria for this report.
Hipertansiyon Tanılı Hastalarda Metabolik Sendrom Risk Faktörlerinin Araştırılması
Authors: ÇELİK Nurebrar , TAŞTAN Kenan , BİLGE YERLİ Ezel 
Published: July 2023

Giriş ve Amaç: Günümüzde hipertansiyon ve metabolik sendrom yaygınlığı giderek artmaktadır. Metabolik sendrom, insülin direnci zemininde gelişen diyabetes mellitus, abdominal obezite, dislipidemi ve hipertansiyon gibi sistemik bozuklukların bir arada görüldüğü bir metabolik disfonksiyondur. Çalışmamızda, hipertansiyon tanılı hastalarda hipertansiyonun metabolik sendromun diğer tanı kriterleri ile aralarındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi ve metabolik sendrom sıklığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu araştırma, 1 Aralık 2021- 1 Mart 2022 tarihleri arasında, Atatürk Üniversitesi Aile Hekimliği Ana Bilim Dalı’na bağlı olan Eğitim Aile Sağlığı Merkezi nüfusuna kayıtlı 302 adet hipertansiyon tanılı yetişkin hasta üzerinde yapılmıştır. Katılımcılara Uluslararası Diyabet Federasyonu metabolik sendrom tanı kriterlerinin dahil edildiği araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan veri toplama formu kullanılarak uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 60±9,7 yıldı. Çalışmamızda hipertansiyona en sık eşlik eden metabolik bozukluk olarak abdominal obezite (%68,5) bulunmuştur. Abdominal obeziteyi sırasıyla düşük HDL-K seviyeleri (%47,7), yüksek açlık kan glukozu seviyeleri (%42,4) ve hipertrigliseridemi (%41,7) izlemiştir. Metabolik sendromu olan hasta grubunun oranı ise %69,5 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kadınlarda metabolik sendrom olma durumu %74,7, erkeklerde ise % 62,9 olarak anlamlı idi (p