bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin surface debris as an archive of environmental traces: an investigation through the naked eye, episcopic microscope, ED-XRF, and SEM–EDX
Authors: Merelli Vera , Caccia Giulia , Mazzarelli Debora , Franceschetti Lorenzo , Paciello Orlando , Bonizzoni Letizia , Caccianiga Marco , Campobasso Carlo , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTraces from bodies can be of various nature, for example of biological or inorganic origin. Some of these historically have received more consideration than others in forensic practice. Samplings of gunshot residues or biological fluid traces are commonly standardized, whereas macroscopically invisible environmental traces are usually ignored. This paper simulated the interaction between a cadaver and a crime scene by placing skin samples on the ground of five different workplaces and inside the trunk of a car. Traces on samples were then investigated through different approaches: the naked eye, episcopic microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF). The purpose is to provide the forensic scientist with the awareness of the value of debris on skin and then to highlight implications for forensic investigations. Results demonstrated that even naked eye observation can reveal useful trace materials, for defining the possible surrounding environment. As a next step, the episcopic microscope can increase the number of visible particulates and their analysis. In parallel, the ED-XRF spectroscopy can be useful to add a first chemical composition to the morphological data. Finally, the SEM–EDX analysis on small samples can provide the greatest morphological detail and the most complete chemical analysis, although limited, like the previous technique, to inorganic matrices. The analysis of debris on the skin, even with the difficulties due to the presence of contaminants, can provide information on the environments involved in criminal events that can add to the investigation framework.
Safety of intracameral application of moxifloxacin and dexamethasone (Vigadexa®) after phacoemulsification surgery
Authors: Galvis Virgilio , Prada Angelica Maria , Tello Alejandro , Parra Maria Margarita , Camacho Paul Anthony , Polit María Paz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Intracameral antibiotics, such as moxifloxacin and cefuroxime, are safe to corneal endothelial cells and effective prophylaxis of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Corneal endothelial cells decrease in density after cataract surgery. Any substance used in the anterior chamber may affect corneal endothelial cells and lead to a greater decrease in density. This study wants to determine the percentage of endothelial cell loss after cataract extraction by phacoemulsification with off-label intracameral injection of moxifloxacin and dexamethasone (Vigadexa®).

Methods
An observational retrospective study was performed. The clinical records of patients undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification plus intracameral injection of Vigadexa® were analyzed. Endothelial cell loss (ECL) was calculated using preoperative and postoperative endothelial cell density. The relation of endothelial cell loss with cataract grade using LOCS III classification, total surgery time, total ultrasound time, total longitudinal power time, total torsional amplitude time, total aspiration time, estimated fluid usage, and cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) was studied using univariate linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis.

Results
The median loss of corneal endothelial cells was 4.6%, interquartile range 0 to 10.4%. Nuclear color and CDE were associated with increased ECL. ECL>10% was associated with age and total ultrasound time in seconds.

Conclusions
The endothelial cell loss after the intracameral use of Vigadexa® at the end of cataract surgery was similar to the reported in other studies of cataract surgery without the use of intracameral prophylaxis for postoperative endophthalmitis (POE). This study confirmed the association of CDE and nuclear opalescence grade with postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss.
The follower optimality cuts for mixed integer linear bilevel programming problems
Authors: Mattia Sara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study linear bilevel programming problems, where (some of) the leader and the follower variables are restricted to be integer. A discussion on the relationships between the optimistic and the pessimistic setting is presented, providing necessary and sufficient conditions for them to be equivalent. A new class of inequalities, the follower optimality cuts, is introduced. They are used to derive a single-level non-compact reformulation of a bilevel problem, both for the optimistic and for the pessimistic case. The same is done for a family of known inequalities, the no-good cuts, and a polyhedral comparison of the related formulations is carried out. Finally, for both the optimistic and the pessimistic approach, we present a branch-and-cut algorithm and discuss computational results.
High Temperature Tensile Strength of TI6AL4V Processed by L-PBF—Influence of Microstructure and Heat Treatment
Authors: Meier Benjamin , Warchomicka Fernando , Petrusa Jelena , Kaindl Reinhard , Waldhauser Wolfgang , Sommitsch Christof 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTi6Al4V is the most widely used α‑β Titanium alloy for application in medicine, automotive, and aerospace, known for its high strength and corrosion resistance, but also its high maximal operating temperature of around 420 °C. Combined with its decent weldability under a shield atmosphere it has become a standard alloy for additive manufacturing processes, especially laser and electron beam powder bed fusion (L-PBF). Although this material is well studied, the influence of the L‑PBF process on its tensile properties at elevated temperatures remains almost unexplored. For that reason, this contribution focuses on the analysis of the tensile properties of Ti6Al4V up to 500 °C for different heat treatments and compares it to aerospace standards.Furnace annealed samples reach a tensile strength between 1022 to 660 MPa from room temperature to 500 °C respectively, while stress-relieved specimens reach 1205 to 756 MPa. Stress-relieved samples show a lower ductility at room temperature, but elongation at break increases at high temperature and outperforms furnace annealed samples at 500 °C.
Sublevel Shrinkage (SLSh) Mining—A State-of-the-art Review
Authors: Brand Lukas , Haider Katharina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSublevel shrinkage (SLSh) is an underground mining method similar to sublevel caving (SLC) but with continuous backfilling from the top. It features a top-down mining sequence with production drifts orientated in a longitudinal or transverse way in the orebody. Fan drilling and blasting is done from the production drifts, from where the ore is then drawn. While drawing, backfill is introduced at the top and flows down by gravity, which supports the walls and prevents caving. In this contribution, a state-of-the-art literature review is performed using various sources. Four case studies show that SLSh could be a viable alternative for stoping (e.g. sublevel open stoping “SLOS” or longhole open stoping “LHOS”) and SLC in steeply dipping, moderately thick, tabular deposits. SLSh can be applied where caving must be prevented or caveability of the hangingwall rock mass is not provided due to rock mass properties or the geometry of the deposit. SLSh also proved to be an alternative to SLOS or LHOS when only small stope sizes would be possible due to geotechnical constraints. Critical points are dilution with backfill and the backfill handling infrastructure that must have a high capacity. Stability of this infrastructure is very important and must be monitored closely. Open points are the application in massive deposits and backfill supply and handling for mines with very high production.
The inner potential in electrochemistry
Authors: Santos Elizabeth , Schmickler Wolfgang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough the inner potential plays a fundamental role in electrochemistry, its precise definition is not clear. In fact, there are two different concepts: a physical quantity which can be measured by high energy electron scattering and calculated by density functional theory. For water, it is of the order of 4 V, and it is irrelevant for electrochemistry. For our purpose, the relevant quantity is the electrostatic potential experienced by an ion, which enters into the electrochemical potential. This is of the order of 0 to $$-$$
-
0.5 V, and may be slightly different for different ions.
From empirically to physically based early warning predictions of rainfall-induced landslides in silty volcanic soils: the Lattari Mountains case study
Authors: Rianna Guido , Reder Alfredo , Pagano Luca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe work proposes a procedure to build an early warning predictive tool to assess the occurrence of rainfall-induced landslides in silty volcanic covers. The procedure combines both an empirically and a physically based tool used sequentially: the former is designed to be calibrated using older, highly sized and coarser rainfall data, and the latter to interpret recent and finer weather data. Both approaches need to be informed by a common experimental reference summarising the rainfall history, the rainfall point, defined as the couple made of antecedent 4-month rainfall cumulative value (C4m) and last-persistent event (CPLE). The empirical approach aims to identify if, in the (C4m–CPLE) plane, the rainfall point falls in a ‘safe’ or ‘potentially unsafe’ zone where the two distinct regions are built by interpreting rainfall data associated or not with landslide events. In the physically based approach, evaporation and runoff are estimated to refine the assessment of ‘effective’ rainfall points. The resulting transformed rainfall point (C′4 m, C′PLE) is turned into a prediction of the suction level at the mid-depth assumed as a ‘reference’ for the entire cover. Such value is compared with a suction threshold empirically defined. Suction levels prediction is developed by computing in the C′4 m–C′PLE plane the iso-suction lines generated by several rainfall scenarios. The accuracy of the developed procedure is comparable with state-of-the-art literature or operational approaches, properly identifying landslide case events and minimising the number of false alarms. Furthermore, it can inform the preparedness stages more effectively, explicitly accounting for the antecedent slope wetness stage and how it could be far from the incipient slope failure conditions. The developed procedure takes into account the effects of evaporation and antecedent rainfalls that, in dry periods, lead to very dry conditions in the subsoil, making even significant rainfall events inconsequential. Conversely, other procedures already operating in LEWS or highly considered literature background overestimate the effects of rainfalls during dry periods. The developed procedure delivers a simple but robust way to derive landslide thresholds based on the interpretation of past rainfall histories. At the same time, literature methods often require sophisticated approaches to retrieve thresholds.
Indexical shift in Tabasaran
Authors: Bogomolova Natalia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Nakh-Daghestanian language Tabasaran displays indexical shift in the reported speech construction. Having many properties in common with indexical shift attested in other languages, the shift of embedded pronouns in Tabasaran depends strongly on the presence of person clitics on the embedded verb in the reported speech. Pronouns doubled by clitics receive a shifted interpretation, while independent personal pronouns have an indexical interpretation. This behavior of clitics contrasts with their behavior in an affirmative root clause, where they obligatorily double any first or second person subject. The investigation of interrogative sentences draws a link between two different strategies in the behavior of person clitics in the reported speech construction and in the affirmative root clause. I propose that personal pronouns and clitics are separate DPs, specified for different features: pronouns are indexicals, while clitics specified for person features also have the Logophoric feature and therefore indicate the logophoric Speaker and Addressee. In reported speech, when bound by a clitic, personal pronouns receive a shifted interpretation and also refer to logophoric participants that are matrix arguments in the reported speech. The paper also discusses the binding relationship between clitics and personal pronouns in those cases where they do not match in their phi-features and proposes that the binding is based not on the interaction between their morphological phi-features but rather on their referential content, which is generated by the whole feature set of each item.
Concept-based reasoning in medical imaging
Authors: Vats Anuja , Pedersen Marius , Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose

As concept-based reasoning for improving model interpretability becomes promising, the question of how to define good concepts becomes more pertinent. In domains like medical, it is not always feasible to access instances clearly representing good concepts. In this work, we propose an approach to use organically mined concepts from unlabeled data to explain classifier predictions.

Methods

A Concept Mapping Module (CMM) is central to this approach. Given a capsule endoscopy image predicted as abnormal, the CMM’s main task is to identify which concept explains the abnormality. It consists of two parts, namely a convolutional encoder and a similarity block. The encoder maps the incoming image into the latent vector, while the similarity block retrieves the closest aligning concept as explanation.

Results

Abnormal images can be explained in terms of five pathology-related concepts retrieved from the latent space given by inflammation (mild and severe), vascularity, ulcer and polyp. Other non-pathological concepts found include anatomy, debris, intestinal fluid and capsule modality.

Conclusions

This method outlines an approach through which concept-based explanations can be generated. Exploiting the latent space of styleGAN to look for variations and using task-relevant variations for defining concepts is a powerful way through which an initial concept dictionary can be created which can subsequently be iteratively refined with much less time and resource.
Messergewalt in Deutschland: Eine empirische Untersuchung zu Risikofaktoren sowie Täter- und Tatcharakteristika
Authors: Rausch Elena , Hatton Whitney , Brettel Hauke , Rettenberger Martin 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Phänomen der Messergewalt steht immer wieder im Fokus öffentlicher und kriminalpolitischer Debatten. Dennoch hat sich die kriminologische und forensische Forschung im deutschsprachigen Raum vergleichsweise wenig mit dem Phänomen beschäftigt. Der internationalen Forschung sind dagegen Erkenntnisse zu Risikofaktoren, Motivationen und Charakteristika von Messergewalt zu entnehmen. Der vorliegende Artikel will einen Beitrag zur Untersuchung dieser Faktoren im nationalen Kontext leisten. Dazu werden Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung von Daten zu Messergewalt aus Rheinland-Pfalz berichtet. Ausgehend von einer Erhebung des Ministeriums der Justiz Rheinland-Pfalz wurden zu diesem Zweck Urteilstexte von insgesamt 452 rechtskräftig wegen schweren Gewaltdelikten abgeurteilten Personen ausgewertet. Dabei wurden die beiden Subgruppen Messergewalt und schwere Gewalt ohne Messereinsatz hinsichtlich Variablen aus den Kategorien Sozialdaten, Gewalt und psychische Gesundheit ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sich die beiden Subgruppen hinsichtlich der Sozialdaten überwiegend ähneln, jedoch in den Bereichen Gewalttatverhalten, Viktimisierungserfahrungen und psychische Gesundheit unterscheiden. Dabei konnten insbesondere Zusammenhänge zwischen Messergewalt und eigenen Viktimisierungserfahrungen, der spezifischen Gewaltausübung im sozialen Nahraum, den psychischen Vorbelastungen sowie hinsichtlich eines missbräuchlichen Alkoholkonsums gefunden werden.
The role of transforming growth factor beta in bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy
Authors: Grewal Nimrat , Dolmaci Onur , Klautz Arthur , Legue Juno , Driessen Antoine , Klautz Robert , Poelmann Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most prevalent congenital cardiac deformity, which is associated with an increased risk to develop a thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or an aortic dissection as compared to persons with a tricuspid aortic valve. Due to the high prevalence of a BAV in the general population and the associated life-long increased risk for adverse vascular events, BAV disease places a considerable burden on the public health. The aim of the present review is to discuss the role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling in the development of the vascular wall and on how this complex signaling pathway may be involved in thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in tricuspid and BAV patients.
Sharing a secret: Disclosure practices among adolescents and young adults with chronic illness
Authors: Venema Kaitlin , Conn Bridgid Mariko , Tanaka Diane , Silge Karl , Iverson Ellen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjective: Peer support is an essential component of adolescence and is instrumental in reducing feelings of isolation and loneliness. Yet, many youth and young adults experiencing a chronic medical condition conceal or minimize aspects of their conditions due to feared rejection. Disclosure practices in adolescents with chronic illnesses are not well-studied with little known about the nature of information disclosed. This study sought to better understand the relationship between the depth of information disclosed to friends and health-related quality of life, response to stress, and coping strategies. Methods: The sample consisted of 140 patients between the ages of 15–21 years who were recruited from seven sub-specialty medical clinics. Quantitative data was collected from a baseline survey examining disclosure, coping, and health-related quality of life. Results: Three groups were created and compared based on participant responses to the types of information being disclosed to friends: No Disclosure, Facts, and Concerns/Emotions. Participants who disclosed the psychological impact and concerns related to their condition tended to be female and had a significantly higher number of friends to whom they disclosed. This group of participants also tended to endorse higher levels of illness-related stress and was engaging in more positive coping strategies than those who chose not to disclose information or only shared objective information about their conditions. Conclusion: Understanding of the nuances of the depth and decision-making of disclosure is necessary for providers to be able to support youth with chronic illness as they navigate their social environment and relationships.
Screening Microbial Interactions During Inulin Utilization Reveals Strong Competition and Proteomic Changes in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei M38
Authors: Vega-Sagardía Marco , Cabezón Eva Cebrián , Delgado Josué , Ruiz-Moyano Santiago , Garrido Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCompetition for resources is a common microbial interaction in the gut microbiome. Inulin is a well-studied prebiotic dietary fiber that profoundly shapes gut microbiome composition. Several community members and some probiotics, such as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, deploy multiple molecular strategies to access fructans. In this work, we screened bacterial interactions during inulin utilization in representative gut microbes. Unidirectional and bidirectional assays were used to evaluate the effects of microbial interactions and global proteomic changes on inulin utilization. Unidirectional assays showed the total or partial consumption of inulin by many gut microbes. Partial consumption was associated with cross-feeding of fructose or short oligosaccharides. However, bidirectional assays showed strong competition from L. paracasei M38 against other gut microbes, reducing the growth and quantity of proteins found in the latter. L. paracasei dominated and outcompeted other inulin utilizers, such as Ligilactobacillus ruminis PT16, Bifidobacterium longum PT4, and Bacteroides fragilis HM714. The importance of strain-specific characteristics of L. paracasei, such as its high fitness for inulin consumption, allows it to be favored for bacterial competence. Proteomic studies indicated an increase in inulin-degrading enzymes in co-cultures, such as β-fructosidase, 6-phosphofructokinase, the PTS D-fructose system, and ABC transporters. These results reveal that intestinal metabolic interactions are strain-dependent and might result in cross-feeding or competition depending on total or partial consumption of inulin. Partial degradation of inulin by certain bacteria favors coexistence. However, when L. paracasei M38 totally degrades the fiber, this does not happen. The synergy of this prebiotic with L. paracasei M38 could determine the predominance in the host as a potential probiotic.
“Comprehensive Healthcare for America”: Using the Insights of Behavioral Economics to Transform the U. S. Healthcare System
Authors: Sorum Paul C. , Stein Christopher , Moore Dale L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract“Comprehensive Healthcare for America” is a largely single-payer reform proposal that, by applying the insights of behavioral economics, may be able to rally patients and clinicians sufficiently to overcome the opposition of politicians and vested interests to providing all Americans with less complicated and less costly access to needed healthcare.
Midterm Maelstrom: Public Health Legal Impacts of Election 2022
Authors: Hodge James G. , Barraza Leila , Piatt Jennifer L. , White Erica N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAmong the morass of critical issues impacting the results of the midterm elections in 2022 were core public health issues related to health care access, justice, and reforms. Collectively, voters’ communal health and safety concerns dominated outcomes in key races which may shape national, state, and local legal approaches to protecting the public’s health in the modern era.
Transferable Exclusivity Vouchers and Incentives for Antimicrobial Development in the European Union
Authors: Van de Wiele Victor L. , Raymakers Adam , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Rome Benjamin N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe European Commission’s proposal to address antimicrobial resistance using transferable exclusivity vouchers (TEVs) is fundamentally flawed. European policymakers and regulators should consider alternatives, such as better funding for basic and clinical research, use of advance market commitments funded by a pay-or-play tax, or enacting an EU Fund for Antibiotic Development.