bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anteromedial cannulated screw fixation for Hawkins Ⅱ/Ⅲ talus fractures in children: a retrospective study
Authors: Huang Xincheng , Ruan Siyuan , Lei Zhuolin , Cao Hong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of the anteromedial cannulated screw approach in the treatment of Hawkins II/III talus fractures in children.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 20 children with talar fractures admitted to Renmin Hospital from September 2018 to February 2022. The fracture healing and functional recovery of the affected limb were strictly followed up after the operation. There were 14 males and 6 females. The average age was 9 years (range, 6-12 years). According to the Hawkins classification, there were 12 cases of talar neck fracture type Ⅱ and 8 cases of type Ⅲ. All patients were fixed with cannulated compression screws via an anteromedial approach. According to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot function scoring system, limb function was evaluated before and after the operation. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of postoperative pain.
Results: All 20 children were followed up for 12 months to 30 months, with an average of 15 months. We found that there was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate (76.9%) and necrosis rate (30.8%) between male children and female children (71.4%) and necrosis rate (28.6%) (P>0.05). The excellent and good rates (92.9%) of children younger than 9 years old at the time of injury were higher than those of children older than 9 years old (33.3%), and the incidence of avascular necrosis of the talus was lower. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The average prognosis score of children who underwent surgery within 5 days after injury was 89.2±6.4, which was significantly higher than that of children who underwent surgery after 5 days (72.9±13.1), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between patients who underwent surgery within 5 days after injury (15.4%) and those who underwent surgery after 5 days (51.7%) (P>0.05). The excellent and good rates of talar neck fracture type II and talar neck fracture type III were 90.1% and 55.6%, respectively.
Conclusion: The anteromedial approach combined with cannulated compression screws for the treatment of Hawkins II/III talus fractures in children not only has a clear surgical field, but the fracture can also be reduced and fixed under direct vision using this technique. It does not affect the stability of the ankle joint and is conducive to the recovery of ankle function. It can be used as a surgical scheme for the treatment of talar fractures in children.
Spatial Distribution and Health Risk Evaluation of some Potentially Hazardous Elements in Akure Urban Topsoil, Nigeria
Authors: Tomori Wasiu Bolaji , Oladejo Sunday Olukayode , Orija Damilola , Olawale Tola Elizebeth 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Indiscriminate solid waste disposal among the urban population has a new wave of metal pollution. This study was therefore carried out to understand the spatial distribution of selected potentially hazardous elements (Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn) in Akure metropolis, and their possible associated potential risk among the urban population. The whole metropolis was divided into grids from which fifty two (52) surface composite soil samples (0–15 cm) were collected. The samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties using standard procedures while PHEs was extracted with aqua regia and the extracts analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) (Buck Scientific model 210) after appropriate sample preparation. The results showed that the Metropolis top soil has slightly alkaline pH averaging 7.79 with electrical conductivity of 307.89 µS/cm. Soil type is sandy clay loam with average composition of sand, clay and silt of 61.90%, 28.16% and 7.94% respectively with mean percentage organic content of 2.11%. The mean concentrations of selected PHEs in mg/kg are: Cd (0.18); Pb (21.48); Ni (20.96) and Mn (242.78). Environmental contamination indicators reveals that the top soils is uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with Pb, and Mn but highly contaminated with Cd in agroforest zone and with Ni where there is high vehicular activities. The health risk observed for Cd in the metropolis should be further investigated since Cd is known to be neurotoxic and its entrance into the food chain should be of concern.
Bacterial community in sardines condemned for histamine contamination: a case study in the canned fish industry
Authors: Frondana Luca , Farias Daniel da Rosa , Schleder Delano Dias 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In some fish species, such as tuna, mackerel, and sardines, improper handling after fishing promotes the growth of histamine-forming bacteria. If consumed, histamine-contaminated fish can cause various symptoms, including vomiting, diarrhea, erythema, urticaria, and even anaphylaxis in severe cases. Understanding the main bacteria responsible for histamine production is crucial for public health. This study utilized next-generation sequencing to analyze the bacterial community in histamine-contaminated sardines. For this study, 1000 g of muscle samples were collected from 40–45 sardines per batch, all obtained from the same supplier, fishing area, and time period, for histamine analysis. Samples from five different batches with ≥ 200 ppm of histamine (contaminated) and five with < 1 ppm (non-contaminated) underwent microbial analysis. Histamine-contaminated sardines exhibited lower microbial diversity and a higher abundance of the genera Photobacteria and Shewanellae. These bacteria thrive under mild temperatures and indicate fish spoilage and the production of biogenic amines. In contrast, Psychobacter and Pseudoalteromonas, known to withstand harsh conditions, including low temperatures, were more prevalent in non-contaminated sardines. Our findings suggest that contaminated sardines experienced inadequate refrigeration during transportation and processing, indicating the potential use of Psychobacter and Pseudoalteromonas as quality indicators for fish.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypotension in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section with Spinal Anesthesia at Muhimbili National Hospital
Authors: Samji Sunil , Kyejo Willbroad , Lugazia Edwin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is a common regional anaesthesia for cesarean sections, causing 80% of patients to develop hypotension. Preventing hypotension involves intravenous fluid preloading, left uterine displacement, gravity, compression stocking, and vasopressors. This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients developing hypotension and the risk factors for hypotension during spinal anesthesia in pregnant patients undergoing cesarean section at Muhimbili National hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital's Obstetric theatre, involving patients who received spinal anaesthesia during cesarean section from August 2021 to January 2022. The study excluded patients with sedation, anti-hypertensive, pregnancy-induced hypertension, modified Bromage score, or combination anesthesia. Data was collected, analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: A study of 300 pregnant patients found that 33.3% of them underwent elective cesarean sections, while 66.7% experienced emergency cesarean sections. 92% received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine, while 8% received 5% heavy Lidocaine. Hypotension was the most common symptom during cesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia, with risk factors including preload of crystalloids less than 10 mls/kg and absence of wedge and sensory height block levels.
Conclusion: Hypotension is a common complication in pregnant patients with spinal anesthesia, requiring proactive management strategies considering factors like local anesthetic choice, sensory block, and preload volume.
Mechanisms of acclimation to chronic intermittent hypoxia in the gills of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Liu Qiao , Wang Hong , Ge Jiayu , Guo Lipeng , Tahir Rabia , Luo Jie , He Kuo , Yan Haoxiao , Zhang Xin , Cao Quanquan , Cheng Zhang , Zhao Liulan , Yang Song 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Anthropogenically induced hypoxia in water bodies has been a stressor for fish for many years and is expected to persist in the future. In order to investigate the acclimation response of fish gills to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) stress, we conducted a study using largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to intermittent hypoxia (dissolved oxygen level: 2.0 mg·L− 1) for either one or three hours per day, over a period of 8 weeks. Our findings indicate that exposure to CIH induced remodeling of the gills and an increase in gill surface area. We also observed significant up-regulation of genes related to glycolysis (fba, pgam1, pepck, atp-pfk, pfk-2, g6pi, gapd-1, and pk), while genes associated with cholesterol synthesis (3β-hsd, cyp51, dsdr-x1, dsdr, and dhcr7) were down-regulated following CIH exposure. Furthermore, we observed the presence of elongated megamitochondria in mitochondria-rich cells within the gills of fish exposed to hypoxia. Additionally, numerous genes involved in calcium signaling pathways were up-regulated in the gills of largemouth bass, suggesting an enhanced sensitivity of gills to environmental cues in hypoxia conditions. However, the expression levels of certain genes related to innate and adaptive immune responses were inhibited following CIH exposure. Moreover, the number of mucous cells decreased, potentially making the gills more susceptible to pathogen infections. These findings highlight the potential vulnerability of gills to pathogenic organisms in the presence of CIH. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of how fish acclimate to CIH.
Bilateral thalamic and brainstem anaplastic astrocytoma: a case report
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhang Ping , Nie Hongbing , Zhang Ji , Li Jie , Lu Xiaoqing , Shen Yaoyao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) is a diffusely infiltrating, high-grade glioma belonging to the primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm. Bilateral thalamic glioma (BTG) is extremely rare and characterized by strictly limited involvement of bilateral thalami. Here, we report a rare case of AA (WHO grade III astrocytoma) involving both thalami and the brainstem.
Case presentation: A-33-year-old Chinese woman was referred to our department owing to persistent headache and nausea and vomiting. Neurological examination showed mild cognitive impairment and positive Kernig’s sign. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated asymmetrical and swollen lesions involving both thalami, midbrain and pontine tegmentum, without restricted diffusion or enhancement. She was administrated with mannitol and glycerin fructose for decreasing intracranial pressure. In consideration of possible CNS tumor, the patient was transferred to the department of neurosurgery and underwent a stereotactic biopsy on day 7 after admission. Histopathological features and immunohistochemistry were consistent with AA, IDH wild-type, WHO grade III. In spite of receiving chemotherapy, she died on two-month after her initial diagnosis.
Conclusions: AA involving in both thalami and brainstem is rare entity with poor prognosis. The clinicians and radiologists should deepen their awareness of the specific MRI feature of bilateral thalamic involvement. When MRI alone is insufficient, the utility of stereotactic biopsy is essential for making a definitive diagnosis.
CFD-Based Comparison of Flutter Effect in Supersonic Wing Designs at Steady Aerodynamic Condition
Authors: S VARUNKUMAR K , GANGAMKOTE NIKHIL N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical methodology and analysis to study the flutter, a self-exciting oscillation that generally occurs on wings at high speeds; Simply termed as twist along its axis of stiffness. The study focuses to understand the interaction between aerodynamic forces and the structural flexibility of the wing, which can lead to the flutter. After conducting a detailed study of flutter, an unstable aeroelastic phenomenon. Fluttering under steady aerodynamic conditions are similar to the conventional results of unsteady aerodynamics. This phenomenon is possible if the wing is designed to correspond with thin air-foil theory, which involves a minimal thickness of the wing. For investigation, Design and High-precision CFD simulations were conducted using ANSYS(FLUENT) to analyse the effects of lift and drag for various AOAs, flowlines, vortices and shock wave propagation. Analysis was also performed to observe the static deformation of the design due to the aerodynamic loading (Fluid-Structure interaction).
Neurofilament Light Chain in Spinal Fluid and Plasma in Multiple System Atrophy – A Prospective, Longitudinal Biomarker Study
Authors: Singer Wolfgang , Schmeichel Ann M. , Sletten David M. , Gehrking Tonette L. , Gehrking Jade A. , Trejo-Lopez Jorge , Suarez Mariana D. , Anderson Jennifer K. , Bass Pamela H. , Lesnick Timothy G. , Low Phillip A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose

There is a critical need for reliable diagnostic biomarkers as well as surrogate markers of disease progression in multiple system atrophy (MSA). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) has been reported to potentially meet those needs. We therefore sought to explore the value of NfL in plasma (NfL-p) in contrast to CSF (NfL-c) as diagnostic marker of MSA, and to assess NfL-p and NfL-c as markers of clinical disease progression.

Methods

Well-characterized patients with early MSA (n=32), Parkinson’s disease (PD, n=21), and matched controls (CON, n=15) were enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal study of synucleinopathies with serial annual evaluations. NfL was measured using a high sensitivity immunoassay, and findings were assessed by disease category and relationship with clinical measures of disease progression.

Results

Measurements of NfL-c were highly reproducible across immunoassay platforms (Pearson,r=0.99), while correlation between NfL-c and -p was only moderate (r=0.66). NfL was significantly higher in MSA compared to CON and PD; the separation was essentially perfect for NfL-c, but there was overlap, particularly with PD, for NfL-p. While clinical measures of disease severity progressively increased over time, NfL-c and -p remained at stable elevated levels within subjects across serial measurements. Neither change in NfL nor baseline NfL were significantly associated with changes in clinical markers of disease severity.

Conclusions

These findings confirm NfL-c as faithful diagnostic marker of MSA, while NfL-p showed less robust diagnostic value. The significant NfL elevation in MSA was found to be remarkably stable over time and was not predictive of clinical disease progression.
Optimization of Methane production from Cowpea Hull Anaerobic Co-Digestion: Moisture Content Reduction and Nanobubble Water Addition
Authors: Ogbonna Christian Toochukwu , Richards Delmaria , Helmut Yabar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cowpea hull (CH) is a by-product of cowpea food processing; its conventional use as animal feed hay declined due to flatulence characteristics. Therefore, sustainable utilization of CH for biogas production was investigated. Specifically, the effects of thermal pretreatment and nanobubble water (NBW) addition were examined during CH's co-digestion with waste-activated sludge for methane production. Oven-dried CH at 105 ℃ for 3 hours or 48 hours resulted in 83% moisture content reduction (MCR) or 100% MCR, respectively, and untreated CH at 81% moisture content was simultaneously set up as a control experiment. After 16 days of mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD), The 100% MCR enhanced biogas production by 11% (219.14 mL/g−VS) compared to the untreated (197.93 mL/g−VS). In addition, 104.26, 114.41, and 116.15 mL/g−VS methane were produced from the untreated CH and two portions of thermally treated samples, correspondingly. Similarly, by adding N2-NBW, biogas production increased progressively, reaching the maximum daily value of 64.51 mL/d on day 3. As a result, the total accumulated biogas production from the N2-NBW reactor was 242.7 mL/g−VS, approximately 9.7 mL/g−VS more biogas and 10% increased methane production compared to 100% MCR when deionized water was applied. On the contrary, Air-NBW decreased methane production. Furthermore, the results reveal that 47.13 to 68.90 million m3 of biogas generated by co-fermentation of untreated and thermally treated CH with WAS can be converted to 75.36 GWh, which displaces 0.27% of the total fossil fuel-based electricity capacity generated in 2020. Besides, the green energy generated can mitigate methane emissions by recycling organic waste that would otherwise be landfilled.
Alpha, beta and gamma radiation assessment along the Northeast Coast of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sathish V. , Chandrasekaran A. , Musthafa M. Saiyad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, 21 sediment samples were collected from twenty-one locations along the Northeast coastal area of Tamil Nadu, India to estimate the activity concentration of gross α, gross β, and primordial radionuclides (238U, 232Th, and 40K) using alpha & beta counters, and NaI (Tl) γ-ray detector respectively. Mean activity concentrations were measured as 32 Bq kg− 1 for gross α, 621 Bq kg− 1 for gross β, 60 Bq kg− 1 for 238U, 70 Bq kg− 1 for 232Th, and 573 Bq kg− 1 for 40K. The different radiological parameters are calculated for all samples and compared to assess the complete radiological profile of the sediments. The average activities of 238U, 232Th, and 40K are higher than the world average values of UNSCEAR reports. Gamma dose rate and annual effective dose equivalent in the sediment samples are more than the recommended safety levels. eU/eTh ratio applied for the paleo-oxygenation state of the coastal sediments.
IL-17A and PA synergistically promote the progression of melanoma by accelerating pATF2-CPT1A-mediated β-oxidation
Authors: Zhang Xuedan , Shen Baoyu , Li Xiaoyu , Xiong Guohang , Yang Lijuan , Yi Zihan , Gai Yanlong , Li Enjiang , Zhang Qiao , Yang Zhe , Kuang Yingmin , Sai Buqing , Zhu Yuechun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is a critical signal that regulates the metastasis of melanoma. Cytokines play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of tumors. IL-17A promotes fatty acid intake, but its impact on fatty acid metabolism has not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of IL-17A and PA on the expression of CPT1A. The results showed that IL-17A cooperates with PA to increase the p-ATF2(T71), which can target the transcription of CPT1A. These findings indicated that IL-17A cooperates with PA to participate in developing pATF2 (T71)-CPT1A-mediated melanoma.
Reanalysis of whole-exome sequencing (WES) data of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in a standard patient care context
Authors: Slobbe Michelle van , Haeringen Arie van , Vissers Lisenka E.L.M. , Bijlsma Emilia K. , Rutten Julie W. , Suerink Manon , Nibbeling Esther A.R. , Ruivenkamp Claudia A.L. , Koene Saskia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose This study aims to inform future genetic reanalysis management by evaluating the yield of whole exome sequencing (WES)-reanalysis in standard patient care in the Netherlands.Methods Single-center data of 159 patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), in which WES-analysis and -reanalysis was performed between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2021 was retrospectively collected. Patients were included if they were under the age of 18 years at initial analysis, and if this initial analysis did not result in a diagnosis. Demographic, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of patients were collected and analyzed. An overview of the technique used, yield and organization of WES-reanalysis in daily care in the 7 genetic departments in the Netherlands was obtained by a questionnaire study. The primary outcomes were (i) diagnostic yield at reanalysis, (ii) reasons for detecting a new possibly causal variant at reanalysis, (iii) unsolicited findings, and (iv) factors associated with positive result of reanalysis.Results In most cases, WES-reanalysis was initiated by the clinical geneticist (65%) or treating physician (30%). The mean time between initial WES analysis and reanalysis was 3.7 years. A new (likely) pathogenic variant or VUS with a clear link to the phenotype was found in 20 initially negative cases, resulting in a diagnostic yield of 12.6%. In 75% of these patients the diagnosis had clinical consequences, as for example a screening plan for associated signs and symptoms could be devised. Most (32%) of the (likely) causal variants identified at WES-reanalysis were discovered due to a newly described gene-disease association. In addition to the 12.6% diagnostic yield based on new diagnoses, reclassification of a variant of uncertain significance found at initial analysis led to a definite diagnosis in three patients. Diagnostic yield was higher in patients with dysmorphic features compared to patients without clear dysmorphic features (yield 27% vs. 6%; p = 0.001).Conclusions Our results show that WES-reanalysis in patients with NDD in standard patient care leads to a substantial increase in genetic diagnoses. In the majority of newly diagnosed patients, the diagnosis had clinical consequences. Knowledge about the clinical impact of WES-reanalysis, clinical characteristics associated with higher yield and yield per year after a negative WES in larger clinical cohorts is warranted to inform guidelines for genetic reanalysis. These guidelines will be of great value for pediatricians, pediatric rehabilitation specialists and pediatric neurologists in daily care of patients with NDD.
Clostridium botulinum C3bot mediated effects on cytokine-induced psoriasis-like phenotype in full-thickness skin model
Authors: Rohrbeck Astrid , Bruhn Vanessa Anna , Hussein Nali , Hagemann Sandra , Just Ingo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenyzme (C3bot) exclusively inhibits RhoA, B and C by ADP-ribosylation and is therefore used as a cell permeable tool for investigating the cellular role of these Rho-GTPases. Rho-GTPases represent a molecular switch integrating different receptor signalling to downstream cascades including transcriptional cascades that regulate various cellular processes, such as regulation of actin cytoskeleton and cell proliferation. C3bot-induced inhibition of RhoA leading to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, morphological changes as well as C3-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and modulation of inflammatory response. In this study, we characterized the C3bot-mediated effects on a full-thickness skin model exhibiting a psoriasis-like phenotype through the addition of cytokines. Indeed, after addition of cytokines, a decrease in epidermal thickness, parakeratosis and induction of IL-6 was detected. In the next step, it was studied whether C3bot caused a reduction in the cytokine-induced psoriasis-like phenotypes. Basal addition of C3bot after cytokine induction of the full-thickness skin models, caused less epidermal thinning and reduced IL-6 abundance. Simultaneous basal incubation with cytokines and C3bot, IL-6 abundance was inhibited but epidermal thickness was only moderately affected. When C3bot was added apically to the skin model, IL-6 abundance was reduced but no further effects on the psoriasis-like phenotype of the epidermis were observed. In summary, C3bot inhibits the cytokine-induced expression of IL-6 and thus may have an impact on the pro-inflammatory immune response in psoriasis-like phenotype.