bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Test Mode and Medium on Elementary School Students’ Test Experience
Authors: Brüggemann Thomas , Ludewig Ulrich , Lorenz Ramona , McElvany Nele 
Published: May 2023

Abstract: The use of digital media in education can bring great benefits and its use in schooling is steadily increasing. Administrating paper- versus computer-based as well as fixed-item versus adaptive tests could create differences in test experience, which can threaten the comparability of test results. This study investigated how the pen-and-paper, computer-based, and computer-adaptive test formats of a standardized reading comprehension test affect test anxiety and motivation among German fourth-grade students. A within-class randomized field trial with 387 fourth graders (aged: 9–10 years; 46.3% female) was conducted. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed no differences in state test anxiety between the test formats when controlling for trait test anxiety and pre-test state anxiety, but state reading motivation was initially higher when reading on a screen, controlling for trait reading motivation. However, this difference diminishes over the course of the test. Implications for using digital media in elementary school test situations are discussed.
Modeling and Analysis of Sediment Trapping Efficiency of Large Dams Using Remote Sensing
Authors: Moragoda Nishani , Cohen Sagy , Gardner John , Muñoz David , Narayanan Anuska , Moftakhari Hamed , Pavelsky Tamlin M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuantifying the role of sediment trapping by dams is important due to its control on fluvial and coastal geomorphology, aquatic ecology, water quality, and human water uses. Sediment trapping behind dams is a major source of bias in large‐scale hydrogeomorphic models, hindering robust analyses of anthropogenic influences on sediment fluxes in freshwater and coastal systems. This study focuses on developing a new reservoir trapping efficiency (Te) parameter to account for the impacts of dams in hydrological models. This goal was achieved by harnessing a novel remote sensing data product which offers high‐resolution and spatially continuous maps of suspended sediment concentration across the Contiguous United States (CONUS). Validation of remote sensing‐derived surface sediment fluxes against USGS depth‐averaged sediment fluxes showed that this remote sensing data set can be used to calculate Te with high accuracy (R2 = 0.98). Te calculated for 222 dams across the CONUS, using incoming and outgoing sediment fluxes from their reservoirs, range from 0.13% to 98.3% with a mean of 45.8%. Contrary to the previous understanding that large reservoirs have larger Te, remote sensing data show that large reservoirs can have a wide range of Te values. A suite of 22 explanatory variables were used to develop an empirical Te model. The strongest model predicts Te using four variables: incoming sediment flux, outgoing water discharge, reservoir length, and reservoir storage. A global model was also developed using explanatory variables obtained from a global dam database.
High Spatial Melt Rate Variability Near the Totten Glacier Grounding Zone Explained by New Bathymetry Inversion
Authors: Vaňková Irena , Winberry J. Paul , Cook Sue , Nicholls Keith W. , Greene Chad A. , Galton‐Fenzi Benjamin K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTotten Glacier is a fast‐moving East Antarctic outlet with the potential for significant future sea‐level contributions. We deployed four autonomous phase‐sensitive radars on its ice shelf to monitor ice‐ocean interactions near its grounding zone and made active source seismic observations to constrain gravity‐derived bathymetry models. We observe an asymmetry in basal melting with mean melt rates along the grounding zone differing by up to 20 m/a. Our new bathymetry model reveals that this melt rate asymmetry coincides with an asymmetry in water column thickness and that the low‐melting ice‐shelf portion is shielded from the main cavity circulation. A 2‐year record yields year‐to‐year melt rate variability of 7–9 m/a with no seasonal cycle. Our results highlight the key role of bathymetry near grounding lines for accurate modeling of ice‐shelf melt, and the importance of sustained multi‐year monitoring, especially at ice‐shelf cavities where the dominant melt rate drivers vary primarily inter‐annually.
Targeting small GTPases: emerging grasps on previously untamable targets, pioneered by KRAS
Authors: Yin Guowei , Huang Jing , Petela Johnny , Jiang Hongmei , Zhang Yuetong , Gong Siqi , Wu Jiaxin , Liu Bei , Shi Jianyou , Gao Yijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSmall GTPases including Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf, and Ran are omnipresent molecular switches in regulating key cellular functions. Their dysregulation is a therapeutic target for tumors, neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathies, and infection. However, small GTPases have been historically recognized as “undruggable”. Targeting KRAS, one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, has only come into reality in the last decade due to the development of breakthrough strategies such as fragment-based screening, covalent ligands, macromolecule inhibitors, and PROTACs. Two KRASG12Ccovalent inhibitors have obtained accelerated approval for treating KRASG12Cmutant lung cancer, and allele-specific hotspot mutations on G12D/S/R have been demonstrated as viable targets. New methods of targeting KRAS are quickly evolving, including transcription, immunogenic neoepitopes, and combinatory targeting with immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the vast majority of small GTPases and hotspot mutations remain elusive, and clinical resistance to G12C inhibitors poses new challenges. In this article, we summarize diversified biological functions, shared structural properties, and complex regulatory mechanisms of small GTPases and their relationships with human diseases. Furthermore, we review the status of drug discovery for targeting small GTPases and the most recent strategic progress focused on targeting KRAS. The discovery of new regulatory mechanisms and development of targeting approaches will together promote drug discovery for small GTPases.
SLCO1B1*5 is protective against non-senile cataracts in cohort prescribed statins: analysis in a British-South Asian cohort
Authors: Magavern Emma F. , van Heel David A. ,   Genes & Health Research Team, Smedley Damian , Caulfield Mark J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Reported association between statin use and cataract risk is controversial. The SLCO1B1 gene encodes a transport protein responsible for statin clearance. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between the SLCO1B1*5 reduced function variant and cataract risk in statin users of South Asian ethnicity.

Methods
The Genes & Health cohort consists of British-Bangladeshi and British-Pakistani participants from East London, Manchester and Bradford, UK. SLCO1B1*5 genotype was assessed with the Illumina GSAMD-24v3-0-EA chip. Medication data from primary care health record linkage was used to compare those who had regularly used statins compared to those who had not. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test for association between statin use and cataracts, adjusting for population characteristics and potential confounders in 36,513 participants. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test association between SLCO1B1*5 heterozygotes or homozygotes and cataracts, in subgroups having been regularly prescribed statins versus not.

Results
Statins were prescribed to 35% (12,704) of participants (average age 41 years old, 45% male). Non-senile cataract was diagnosed in 5% (1686) of participants. An apparent association between statins and non-senile cataract (12% in statin users and 0.8% in non-statin users) was negated by inclusion of confounders. In those prescribed a statin, presence of the SLCO1B1*5 genotype was independently associated with a decreased risk of non-senile cataract (OR 0.7 (CI 0.5–0.9, p 0.007)).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that there is no independent association between statin use and non-senile cataract risk after adjusting for confounders. Among statin users, the SLCO1B1*5 genotype is associated with a 30% risk reduction of non-senile cataracts. Stratification of on-drug cohorts by validated pharmacogenomic variants is a useful tool to support or repudiate adverse drug events in observational cohorts.
Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived soluble factors, produced under hypoxic condition, efficiently support in vivo angiogenesis
Authors: Barone Ludovica , Palano Maria Teresa , Gallazzi Matteo , Cucchiara Martina , Rossi Federica , Borgese Marina , Raspanti Mario , Zecca Piero Antonio , Mortara Lorenzo , Papait Roberto , Bernardini Giovanni , Valdatta Luigi , Bruno Antonino , Gornati Rosalba 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTissue regeneration or healing both require efficient vascularization within a tissue-damaged area. Based on this concept, a remarkable number of strategies, aimed at developing new tools to support re-vascularization of damaged tissue have emerged. Among the strategies proposed, the use of pro-angiogenic soluble factors, as a cell-free tool, appears as a promising approach, able to overcome the issues concerning the direct use of cells for regenerative medicine therapy. Here, we compared the effectiveness of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), use as cell suspension, ASC protein extract or ASC-conditioned-medium (i.e., soluble factors), combined with collagenic scaffold, in supporting in vivo angiogenesis. We also tested the capability of hypoxia in increasing the efficiency of ASC to promote angiogenesis, via soluble factors, both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo studies were performed using the Integra® Flowable Wound Matrix, and the Ultimatrix in sponge assay. Flow cytometry was used to characterize the scaffold- and sponge-infiltrating cells. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of pro-angiogenic factors by stimulating Human Umbilical-Vein Endothelial Cells with ASC-conditioned media, obtained in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We found that, in vivo, ACS-conditioned media can support angiogenesis similar to ASCs and ASC protein extract. Also, we observed that hypoxia increases the pro-angiogenic activities of ASC-conditioned media, compared to normoxia, by generating a secretome enriched in pro-angiogenic soluble factors, with bFGF, Adiponectine, ENA78, GRO, GRO-a, and ICAM1-3, as most regulated factors. Finally, ASC-conditioned media, produced in hypoxic condition, induce the expression of pro-angiogenic molecules in HUVECs. Our results provide evidence that ASC-conditioned-medium can be proposed as a cell-free preparation able to support angiogenesis, thus providing a relevant tool to overcome the issues and restrictions associated with the use of cells.
Gut AstA mediates sleep deprivation-induced energy wasting in Drosophila
Authors: Li Yingge , Zhou Xiaoya , Cheng Chen , Ding Guangming , Zhao Peng , Tan Kai , Chen Lixia , Perrimon Norbert , Veenstra Jan A. , Zhang Luoying , Song Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSevere sleep deprivation (SD) has been highly associated with systemic energy wasting, such as lipid loss and glycogen depletion. Despite immune dysregulation and neurotoxicity observed in SD animals, whether and how the gut-secreted hormones participate in SD-induced disruption of energy homeostasis remains largely unknown. Using Drosophila as a conserved model organism, we characterize that production of intestinal Allatostatin A (AstA), a major gut-peptide hormone, is robustly increased in adult flies bearing severe SD. Interestingly, the removal of AstA production in the gut using specific drivers significantly improves lipid loss and glycogen depletion in SD flies without affecting sleep homeostasis. We reveal the molecular mechanisms whereby gut AstA promotes the release of an adipokinetic hormone (Akh), an insulin counter-regulatory hormone functionally equivalent to mammalian glucagon, to mobilize systemic energy reserves by remotely targeting its receptor AstA-R2 in Akh-producing cells. Similar regulation of glucagon secretion and energy wasting by AstA/galanin is also observed in SD mice. Further, integrating single-cell RNA sequencing and genetic validation, we uncover that severe SD results in ROS accumulation in the gut to augment AstA production via TrpA1. Altogether, our results demonstrate the essential roles of the gut-peptide hormone AstA in mediating SD-associated energy wasting.
Gas therapy potentiates aggregation-induced emission luminogen-based photoimmunotherapy of poorly immunogenic tumors through cGAS-STING pathway activation
Authors: Wang Kaiyuan , Li Yang , Wang Xia , Zhang Zhijun , Cao Liping , Fan Xiaoyuan , Wan Bin , Liu Fengxiang , Zhang Xuanbo , He Zhonggui , Zhou Yingtang , Wang Dong , Sun Jin , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe immunologically “cold” microenvironment of triple negative breast cancer results in resistance to current immunotherapy. Here, we reveal the immunoadjuvant property of gas therapy with cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway activation to augment aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active luminogen (AIEgen)-based photoimmunotherapy. A virus-mimicking hollow mesoporous tetrasulfide-doped organosilica is developed for co-encapsulation of AIEgen and manganese carbonyl to fabricate gas nanoadjuvant. As tetra-sulfide bonds are responsive to intratumoral glutathione, the gas nanoadjuvant achieves tumor-specific drug release, promotes photodynamic therapy, and produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Upon near-infrared laser irradiation, the AIEgen-mediated phototherapy triggers the burst of carbon monoxide (CO)/Mn2+. Both H2S and CO can destroy mitochondrial integrity to induce leakage of mitochondrial DNA into the cytoplasm, serving as gas immunoadjuvants to activate cGAS-STING pathway. Meanwhile, Mn2+ can sensitize cGAS to augment STING-mediated type I interferon production. Consequently, the gas nanoadjuvant potentiates photoimmunotherapy of poorly immunogenic breast tumors in female mice.
Learning how network structure shapes decision-making for bio-inspired computing
Authors: Schirner Michael , Deco Gustavo , Ritter Petra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo better understand how network structure shapes intelligent behavior, we developed a learning algorithm that we used to build personalized brain network models for 650 Human Connectome Project participants. We found that participants with higher intelligence scores took more time to solve difficult problems, and that slower solvers had higher average functional connectivity. With simulations we identified a mechanistic link between functional connectivity, intelligence, processing speed and brain synchrony for trading accuracy with speed in dependence of excitation-inhibition balance. Reduced synchrony led decision-making circuits to quickly jump to conclusions, while higher synchrony allowed for better integration of evidence and more robust working memory. Strict tests were applied to ensure reproducibility and generality of the obtained results. Here, we identify links between brain structure and function that enable to learn connectome topology from noninvasive recordings and map it to inter-individual differences in behavior, suggesting broad utility for research and clinical applications.
Direct allylic acylation via cross-coupling involving cooperative N‑heterocyclic carbene, hydrogen atom transfer, and photoredox catalysis
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Yang Rongxin , Zhu Binbing , Liu Yuxiu , Song Hongjian , Dong Jianyang , Wang Qingmin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerein, we report a mild, operationally simple, multicatalytic method for the synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated ketones via allylic acylation of alkenes. Specifically, the method combines N‑heterocyclic carbene catalysis, hydrogen atom transfer catalysis, and photoredox catalysis for cross-coupling reactions between a wide range of feedstock carboxylic acids and readily available olefins to afford structurally diverse β,γ-unsaturated ketones without olefin transposition. The method could be used to install acyl groups on highly functionalized natural-product-derived compounds with no need for substrate pre-activation, and C–H functionalization proceed with excellent site selectivity. To demonstrate the potential applications of the method, we convert a representative coupling product into various useful olefin synthons.
Effects of the microstructure and retained/reversed austenite on the corrosion behavior of NiCrMoV/Nb high-strength steel
Authors: Hai Chao , Zhu Yuetong , Fan Endian , Du Cuiwei , Cheng Xuequn , Li Xiaogang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA comparison of microstructure and corrosion performance has been made between NiCrMoV/Nb steel under different heat treatments in artificial seawater. The microstructures as well as the volume fraction of austenite strongly affect corrosion resistance. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results reveal that both retained/reversed austenite and the grain boundary have a higher Volta potential than the matrix. The morphology of pits and the nature of retained/reversed austenite were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results can be discussed in terms of a model that describes the microgalvanic effect and the change of morphology and content of retained/reversed austenite resulting from a heat treatment process. The role of the microstructure and retained austenite on corrosion resistance evolution in the corrosion process is discussed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that the corrosion products formed on distinct microstructures primarily contain lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), goethite (α-FeOOH) with little difference after long time immersion.
The deficient cue monitoring and the facilitating effect of prosocial intention on prospective memory in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Chen Dong-Yang , Wang Qi , Yang Ning-Bo , Qin Xiao-Jing , Li Hang , Hou Wen-Peng , Ding Yu-Shen , Hou Wei-Wei , Wang Ya , Zhou Fu-Chun , Wang Chuan-Yue 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the cognitive processing of prospective memory (PM) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) by using an eye-tracking paradigm. In addition, the facilitating effects of prosocial intention (the desire to help others) on PM in SSDs were also examined. In phase 1, 26 patients (group1) and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were compared in an eye-tracking PM paradigm in terms of the PM accuracy and eye-tracking indices. In phase 2, 21 more patients (group2) were recruited, and a prosocial intention was introduced in the eye-tracking PM paradigm. Their PM accuracy and eye-tracking indices were compared with those in group1. The PM cue monitoring was indicated by the total fixation counts and fixation time on distractor words. In phase 1, group1 showed lower PM accuracy, fewer fixation counts and less fixation time on distractor words than HCs. In phase 2, group2 (with prosocial intention) performed significantly better than group1 (with typical instruction) on both PM accuracy and fixation time on distractor words. In both groups of SSDs, the PM accuracy was significantly correlated with both the fixation counts and the fixation time of distractor words. After controlling for the cue monitoring indices, the difference in PM accuracy remained significant between group1 and HCs but disappeared between group1 and group2. The cue monitoring deficit contributes to the PM impairment in SSDs. The facilitating effect of prosocial intention disappears after the control of cue monitoring, also indicating its critical role in PM.
Temporal evolution of mechanical stimuli from vascular remodeling in response to the severity and duration of aortic coarctation in a preclinical model
Authors: Azarnoosh Jamasp , Ghorbannia Arash , Ibrahim El-Sayed H. , Jurkiewicz Hilda , Kalvin Lindsey , LaDisa John F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoarctation of the aorta (CoA) is one of the most common congenital cardiovascular diseases. CoA patients frequently undergo surgical repair, but hypertension (HTN) is still common. The current treatment guideline has revealed irreversible changes in structure and function, yet revised severity guidelines have not been proposed. Our objective was to quantify temporal alterations in mechanical stimuli and changes in arterial geometry in response to the range of CoA severities and durations (i.e. age of treatment) seen clinically. Rabbits were exposed to CoA resulting in peak-to-peak blood pressure gradient (BPGpp) severities of ≤ 10, 10–20, and ≥ 20 mmHg for a duration of ~ 1, 3, or 20 weeks using permanent, dissolvable, and rapidly dissolvable sutures. Elastic moduli and thickness were estimated from imaging and longitudinal fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations were conducted at different ages using geometries and boundary conditions from experimentally measured data. Mechanical stimuli were characterized including blood flow velocity patterns, wall tension, and radial strain. Experimental results show vascular alternations including thickening and stiffening proximal to the coarctation with increasing severity and/or duration of CoA. FSI simulations indicate wall tension in the proximal region increases markedly with coarctation severity. Importantly, even mild CoA induced stimuli for remodeling that exceeds values seen in adulthood if not treated early and using a BPGpp lower than the current clinical threshold. The findings are aligned with observations from other species and provide some guidance for the values of mechanical stimuli that could be used to predict the likelihood of HTN in human patients with CoA.
PCr/ATP ratios and mitochondrial function in the heart. A comparative study in humans
Authors: de Wit-Verheggen Vera H. W. , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B. , Brouwers Kim , Jörgensen Johanna A. , Schaart Gert , Gemmink Anne , Nascimento Emmani B. M. , Hesselink Matthijs K. C. , Wildberger Joachim E. , Segers Patrique , Montaigne David , Staels Bart , Schrauwen Patrick , Lindeboom Lucas , Hoeks Joris , van de Weijer Tineke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCardiac energy status, measured as phosphocreatine (PCr)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio with 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in vivo, is a prognostic factor in heart failure and is lowered in cardiometabolic disease. It has been suggested that, as oxidative phosphorylation is the major contributor to ATP synthesis, PCr/ATP ratio might be a reflection of cardiac mitochondrial function. The objective of the study was to investigate whether PCr/ATP ratios can be used as in vivo marker for cardiac mitochondrial function. We enrolled thirty-eight patients scheduled for open-heart surgery in this study. Cardiac 31P-MRS was performed before surgery. Tissue from the right atrial appendage was obtained during surgery for high-resolution respirometry for the assessment of mitochondrial function. There was no correlation between the PCr/ATP ratio and ADP-stimulated respiration rates (octanoylcarnitine R2 < 0.005, p = 0.74; pyruvate R2 < 0.025, p = 0.41) nor with maximally uncoupled respiration (octanoylcarnitine R2 = 0.005, p = 0.71; pyruvate R2 = 0.040, p = 0.26). PCr/ATP ratio did correlate with indexed LV end systolic mass. As no direct correlation between cardiac energy status (PCr/ATP) and mitochondrial function in the heart was found, the study suggests that mitochondrial function might not the only determinant of cardiac energy status. Interpretation should be done in the right context in cardiac metabolic studies.