bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of blend proportion and baking conditions on the quality attributes of wheat, orange-fleshed sweet potato and pumpkin composite flour dough and bread: optimization of processing factors
Authors: Chikpah Solomon Kofi , Korese Joseph Kudadam , Hensel Oliver , Sturm Barbara , Pawelzik Elke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) and pumpkin fruit are underutilized crops with great potential for the production of high-quality bread with health-enhancing properties. However, the incorporation of nonconventional flour in bread formula may influence the dough and bread quality properties. This study investigated the effect of partial substitution of wheat flour with OFSP (10–50%) and pumpkin flour (10–40%), baking temperature (150–200 °C) and baking time (15–25 min) on the quality properties of the composite dough and bread using response surface methodology (RSM). Dough rheological, bread physical and textural properties were analyzed, modelled and optimized using RSM. Satisfactory regression models were developed for the dough and bread quality attributes (R2 > 0.98). The dough development time, crust redness, hardness, and chewiness values increased while optimum water absorption of dough, specific volume, lightness, springiness, and resilience of bread decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing incorporation of OFSP and pumpkin flour in the bread formula. Additionally, the specific volume, crust redness, crumb hardness, and chewiness of the composite bread increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing baking temperature from 150 to 180 °C but reduced at higher baking temperatures (≥ 190 °C). The staling rate declined with increased OFSP and pumpkin flour whereas increasing the baking temperature and time increased the bread staling rate. The optimized formula for the composite bread was 78.5% wheat flour, 11.5% OFSP flour, 10.0% pumpkin flour, and baking conditions of 160 °C for 20 min. The result of the study has potential applications in the bakery industry for the development of functional bread.
Graphical Abstract
Dublin
Authors: Morash Christopher 
Published: February 2023

The words of its writers are part of the texture of Dublin, an invisible counterpart to the bricks and pavement we see around us. Beyond the ever-present footsteps of James Joyce's characters, Leopold Bloom or Stephen Dedalus, around the city centre, an ordinary-looking residential street overlooking Dublin Bay, for instance, presents the house where Nobel Laureate Seamus Heaney lived for many years; a few blocks away is the house where another Nobel Laureate, W. B. Yeats, was born. Just down the coast is the pier linked to yet another, Samuel Beckett, from which we can see the Martello Tower that is the setting for the opening chapter of Ulysses. But these are only a few. Step-by-step, Dublin: A Writer's City unfolds a book-lover's map of this unique city, inviting us to experience what it means to live in a great city of literature. The book is heavily illustrated, and features custom maps.
First-Class and Coach-Class Knowledge
Authors: Paulson Spencer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractI will discuss a variety of cases such that the subject's believing truly is somewhat of an accident, but less so than in a Gettier case. In each case, this is because her reasons are not ultimately undefeated full stop, but they are ultimately undefeated with certain qualifications. For example, the subject's reasons might be ultimately defeated considered in themselves but ultimately undefeated considered as a proper part of an inference to the best explanation that is undefeated without qualification. In each section of the paper, I consider different qualifications and show how in each case we get an epistemic standing I call “coach-class knowledge”. First-class knowledge requires justifying reasons that are undefeated without qualification. Coach-class knowledge only requires qualified lack of defeat. I will use this distinction to bring debates over knowledge from falsehood and fake barns to an ecumenical resolution. In both cases, the subject enjoys coach-class rather than first-class knowledge. I will also show that the defeasible reasoning tradition can better account for graded accidental truth than safety theories.
A new local indicator of spatial autocorrelation identifies clusters of highrendakufrequency in Japanese place names
Authors: Pellard Thomas , Takemura Akiko , Hwang Hyun Kyung , Vance Timothy J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe methods of spatial statistics have been successfully applied to the study of linguistic variation, especially for detecting the existence of spatial patterns in the geographical distribution of linguistic features. However, the use of local indicators of spatial autocorrelation for detecting spatial clusters have been limited to continuous variables, and we propose to apply the new method of Anselin and Li (2019) for categorical variables to linguistic data. We illustrate this method with the case of Japaneserendaku, or sequential voicing, whose dialectal variation is still poorly documented. Focusing on regional differences in the frequency of rendaku, we examined the occurrence of rendaku for four lexemes in 4,921 place names from all Japan. A statistical analysis of local spatial association and an unsupervised density-based cluster analysis revealed the existence of two cluster areas of high rendaku frequency centered around Wakayama and Fukushima-Yamagata prefectures. This suggests that rendaku is more frequent in those dialects, and we recommend that further studies in the dialectal variation of rendaku start by looking at those areas.
Dispositionalism and Dysfunction
Authors: Conley Brandon A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMy aim here is (1) to argue that the usual argument for thinking that dysfunction has no place in a dispositionalist approach to functions is deeply flawed and (2) to develop a positive account of the explanatory role dysfunction attributions play in dispositionalist-style functional analysis. I also argue that while my account undermines one common motivation for preferring an etiological over a dispositionalist approach, perhaps more interestingly, it also blurs the boundary between the two and opens a path to unifying them.
Deep Learning Opacity in Scientific Discovery
Authors: Duede Eamon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile philosophers have focused on epistemological and ethical challenges of using artificial intelligence (AI) in science, scientists have focused largely on opportunities. I argue that this disconnect between philosophical pessimism and scientific optimism is driven by failures to critically examine the practice of AI-infused science. To appreciate the epistemic justification for AI-powered breakthroughs, philosophers must analyze the role of AI as part of a wider process of discovery. I demonstrate the importance of this with two cases from the scientific literature, and show that epistemic opacity need not diminish AI’s capacity to lead scientists to significant and justifiable breakthroughs.
Infusion of ICT into Nigeria's Corporate Democracy: A Proposal for a New Reform Initiative
Authors: Bolodeoku Ige Omotayo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article examines the infusion of information communication technology (ICT) into Nigeria's new company legislation to promote corporate democracy. While the initiative is laudable, especially in the age of the COVID-19 pandemic, the article argues that the reform is of limited value, as only private companies are empowered to deploy ICT in the conduct of general meetings. By excluding public companies, the article argues, inter alia, that the reform overlooks the role that ICT could play in addressing the assumed passivity of latent, large groups, which typify the shareholders of public companies. In making a case for inclusive reform, the article examines the reforms already undertaken by some countries in the common law jurisdictions, whose templates on the subject may inform the changes Nigeria needs to effect in her law.
Social determinants of blood pressure control in a middle-income country in Latin America
Authors: Zanuzzi Matias G. , Garzon Maria E. , Cornavaca Maria Teresita , Bernabeu Francisco , Albertini Ricardo A. , Ellena Gustavo , Romero Cesar A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBlood pressure (BP) control is a key intervention to decrease cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the main cause of death in low and middle-income countries (MIC). Scarce data on the determinants of BP control in Latin America are available. Our objective is to explore the role of gender, age, education, and income as social determinants of BP control in Argentina, a MIC with a universal health care system. We evaluated 1184 persons in two hospitals. Blood pressure was measured using automatic oscillometric devices. We selected those patients treated for hypertension. The average BP of less than 140/90 mmHg was considered a controlled BP. We found 638 hypertensive individuals, of whom 477 (75%) were receiving antihypertensive drugs, and of those, 248 (52%) had controlled BP. The prevalence of low education was more frequent in uncontrolled patients (25.3% vs. 16.1%;P< .01). We did not find association between household income, gender, and BP control. Older patients had less BP control (44% of those older than 75 years vs. 60.9% of those younger than 40; test for trendP< .05). Multivariate regression indicates low education (OR 1.71 95% CI [1.05, 2.79];P= .03) and older age (OR 1.01; 95% IC [1.00, 1.03]) as independent predictors of the lack of BP control. We conclude that rates of BP control are low in Argentina. In a MIC with a universal health care system low education and old age but not household income are independent predictors of the lack of BP control.
The grey zones of antiquarian pursuits: The 1938 Barger expedition to the princely state of Swat
Authors: Khan Rafiullah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article discusses and analyses the Barger archaeological expedition of 1938 to the princely state of Swat. It argues that archaeology in princely, as well as in British, India did not originate and develop in a unilinear manner. This understanding is in line with the recent realization of variations in the historiography of native India. Given this, an attempt has been made to situate the Swat state in relation to British paramountcy. Miangul Abdul Wadud, the first British-recognized ruler of the state, was aware of colonial power relations and had a friendly attitude towards the British. He dealt with Swat’s archaeology with political and dynastic expediencies in mind. Since there was no proper legal and institutional dispensation in place in the area, the Frontier government officials and the political administration at Malakand treated the Barger expedition as a local matter, beyond the legal jurisdiction and disciplinary apparatuses of the colonial state. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and the related laws were, thus, kept out of the entire enterprise. All this ensured a smooth transfer of antiquities to England at a time when strong legal-institutional and ethical dimensions to archaeology were in place within British India and in some princely states.
Strategic forgetting: Britain, China, and the South China Sea, 1894–1938
Authors: Hayton Bill 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article clarifies a mythologized episode in the early development of the South China Sea disputes and shows how it was later ‘forgotten’ by British policymakers for strategic reasons. Using documents from the UK National Archives it confirms, for the first time, that Qing/Chinese officials did deny responsibility for the Paracel Islands in 1898/1899. It then shows how this correspondence was strategically ignored by British officials during the 1930s in the context of renewed disputes between China, France, and Japan over the sovereignty of the islands. It argues that during the 1930s, British officials sought to bolster the Chinese position in the South China Sea because of a concern that France would remain neutral in any forthcoming conflict. This resulted in Britain taking a view on the sovereignty disputes that was at odds with the evidence in its own archives but which provided useful political support for the Republic of China.
Intercontinental comparisons of subterranean host–parasite communities using bipartite network analyses
Authors: Dursahinhan Altangerel T. , Botero-Cañola Sebastian , Gardner Scott L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRodents living in a subterranean ecotope face a unique combination of evolutionary and ecological pressures and while host species evolution may be driven by the selective pressure from the parasites they harbour, the parasites may be responding to the selective pressures of the host. Here, we obtained all available subterranean rodent host–parasite records from the literature and integrated these data by utilizing a bipartite network analysis to determine multiple critical parameters to quantify and measure the structure and interactions of the organisms present in host–parasite communities. A total of 163 species of subterranean rodent hosts, 174 parasite species and 282 interactions were used to create 4 networks with data well-represented from all habitable continents. The results show that there was no single species of parasite that infects subterranean rodents throughout all zoogeographical regions. Nevertheless, species representing the genera Eimeria and Trichuris were common across all communities of subterranean rodents studied. Based on our analysis of host–parasite interactions across all communities studied, the parasite linkages show that community connectance (due to climate change or other anthropogenic factors) appears to show degraded linkages in both the Nearctic and Ethiopian regions: in this case parasites are acting as bell-weather probes signalling the loss of biodiversity.
Vast Personal Forces: Thucydides, Populism, and the Liberty of the Ancients
Authors: Jaffe S. N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModern discussions of freedom focus on negative liberty or nondomination. In his portrait of the Athenian democracy, Thucydides thematizes the psychology of ancient freedom. By focusing on the psychology of the demos, Thucydides shows how democratic imperialism unfolds from the experience of freedom as a kind of felt power. His analysis offers us a way to think about contemporary populism. In representative democracy, the connection between power and freedom has been severed by representation and the modern state, but an experience of power nonetheless remains part of what we mean by freedom today. Modern citizens frequently feel powerless and so unfree, ensnared by impersonal forces. One lure of populism is that it satisfies the longing for freedom as a form of felt power, for a measure of control over one's life.
Prayer, formation, and scriptural interpretation
Authors: Rowlands Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, I argue for the centrality of prayer within Christian interpretation of scripture. This argument is made in two stages. First, Christ on the road to Emmaus is the interpreter of scripturepar excellence, such that scriptural interpretation is fruitfully understood as participation in Christ's interpretation of scripture to and for the church. Second, scriptural interpretation must take prayer as central to an appropriate scriptural hermeneutics, since prayer is one way in which the reader of scripture becomes conformed to person of Christ.
Method-of-moments estimators of a scale parameter based on samples from a coherent system
Authors: Macci Claudio , Navarro Jorge 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the estimation of a scale parameter from a sample of lifetimes of coherent systems with a fixed structure. We assume that the components are independent and identically distributed having a common distribution which belongs to a scale parameter family. Some results are obtained as well for dependent (exchangeable) components. To this end, we will use the representations for the distribution function of a coherent system based on signatures. We prove that the efficiency of the estimators depends on the structure of the system and on the scale parameter family. In the dependence case, it also depends on the baseline copula function.
Selective Exclusion of Aromatic Organic Carbon During Lake Ice Formation
Authors: Zhou Yongqiang , Hiller Carolin , Andersson Sara , Jakobsson Elizabeth , Zhou Lei , Hawkes Jeffery A. , Kothawala Dolly N. , Tranvik Lars J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarth's lakes at northern latitudes are mostly ice‐covered in winter. When lake water freezes, some organic matter dissolved in the water is excluded from the ice. We performed complementary field sampling and laboratory freeze‐up experiments to explore how freeze‐up may impact the partitioning and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in boreal lakes. We found that 16.2 ± 4.7% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was retained in the overlying ice, 81.3 ± 5.7% of DOC was expelled to underlying unfrozen water, and 1.3 ± 0.7% was expelled as flocs. During ice formation, nitrogen (TDN, total dissolved nitrogen), ions (specific conductance), and oxidized and aromatic DOM were preferentially expelled to the underlying water column. The apparent retention factor DOCIce: DOCBefore decreased from clearwater to brownwater lakes, that is, with increasing allochthonous DOC lost from lake ice, indicating that DOM exclusion from the ice cover will become more prevalent as lakes experience browning.
Stratospheric Aerosol and Ozone Responses to the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Lu Jinpeng , Lou Sijia , Huang Xin , Xue Lian , Ding Ke , Liu Tengyu , Ma Yue , Wang Wuke , Ding Aijun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) eruption on 15 January 2022 was one of the most explosive volcanic events of the 21st century so far. According to satellite‐based measurements, 0.4 Tg of sulfur dioxide (SO2) was injected into the stratosphere during the eruption. By using observations and model simulations, here we investigate changes in the chemical compositions of the stratosphere 1 year after the HTHH eruption and examine the key physical and chemical processes that influence the ozone (O3) concentrations. Injected SO2 was oxidized into sulfate during the first 2 months, and transported from the tropics to the Antarctic by the Brewer‐Dobson circulation within 1 year. In mid‐to‐low latitudes, enhanced sulfate aerosol increased O3 concentrations in the middle stratosphere but declined in the lower stratosphere. In addition to the chemical processes, sulfate aerosols also reduced polar low‐stratospheric O3 concentrations through enhanced Antarctic upwelling anomalies.
Stratified Subauroral Ion Drift (SSAID)
Authors: Sinevich A. A. , Chernyshov A. A. , Chugunin D. V. , Clausen L. B. N. , Miloch W. J. , Mogilevsky M. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the internal structuring of Polarization Jet (PJ)/Subauroral Ion Drift (SAID) is studied. It is shown that PJ/SAID consists of several Polarization Jet Strata (PJS) of electron density and temperature. A new type of phenomena has been discovered called Stratified Subauroral Ion Drift (SSAID), which is a PJ/SAID containing small‐scale PJS. Internal small‐scale structure of SSAIDs is measured during various geomagnetic events using data from NorSat‐1, DMSP F‐17 and F‐18 satellites. High resolution measurements on the Norsat‐1 satellite make it possible to detect and study small‐scale structures inside the PJ/SAID, that is, SSAID. The data from DMSP satellites is used to determine explicitly the presence of PJ/SAID during the considered geomagnetic events. Results show that SSAID consist of 2–4 large PJS and from a few units to several tens of small PJS. Large PJS have a size of 0.2°–0.3° latitude and small PJS have a size of <0.1°. Several suggestions regarding possible physical mechanisms of production of SSAID and PJS are presented.
Toward Large‐Scale Soil Moisture Monitoring Using Rail‐Based Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing
Authors: Altdorff Daniel , Oswald Sascha E. , Zacharias Steffen , Zengerle Carmen , Dietrich Peter , Mollenhauer Hannes , Attinger Sabine , Schrön Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCosmic ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has become a promising method for soil water content (SWC) monitoring. Stationary CRNS offers hectare‐scale average SWC measurements at fixed locations maintenance‐free and continuous in time, while car‐borne CRNS roving can reveal spatial SWC patterns at medium scales, but only on certain survey days. The novel concept of a permanent mobile CRNS system on rails promises to combine the advantages of both methods, while its technical implementation, data processing and interpretation raised a new level of complexity. This study introduced a fully automatic CRNS rail‐borne system as the first of its kind, installed within the locomotive of a cargo train. Data recorded from September 2021 to July 2022 along an ∼9 km railway segment were analyzed, as repeatedly used by the train, supported by local SWC measurements (soil samples and dielectric methods), car‐borne and stationary CRNS. The results revealed consistent spatial SWC patterns and temporary variation along the track at a daily resolution. The observed variability was mostly related to surface features, seasonal dynamics and different responses of the railway segments to wetting and drying periods, while some variations were related to measurement uncertainties. The achieved medium scale of SWC mapping could support large scale hydrological modeling and detection of environmental risks, such as droughts and wildfires. Hence, rail‐borne CRNS has the chance to become a central tool of continuous SWC monitoring for larger scales (≤10‐km), with the additional benefit of providing root‐zone soil moisture, potentially even in sub‐daily resolution.
PPAR-γ activation promotes xenogenic bioroot regeneration by attenuating the xenograft induced-oxidative stress
Authors: Lan Tingting , Bi Fei , Xu Yuchan , Yin Xiaoli , Chen Jie , Han Xue , Guo Weihua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractXenogenic organ transplantation has been considered the most promising strategy in providing possible substitutes with the physiological function of the failing organs as well as solving the problem of insufficient donor sources. However, the xenograft, suffered from immune rejection and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), causes massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression and the subsequent cell apoptosis, leading to the xenograft failure. Our previous study found a positive role of PPAR-γ in anti-inflammation through its immunomodulation effects, which inspires us to apply PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone (RSG) to address survival issue of xenograft with the potential to eliminate the excessive ROS. In this study, xenogenic bioroot was constructed by wrapping the dental follicle cells (DFC) with porcine extracellular matrix (pECM). The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced DFC was pretreated with RSG to observe its protection on the damaged biological function. Immunoflourescence staining and transmission electron microscope were used to detect the intracellular ROS level. SD rat orthotopic transplantation model and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) knockout mice subcutaneous transplantation model were applied to explore the regenerative outcome of the xenograft. It showed that RSG pretreatment significantly reduced the adverse effects of H2O2on DFC with decreased intracellular ROS expression and alleviated mitochondrial damage. In vivo results confirmed RSG administration substantially enhanced the host’s antioxidant capacity with reduced osteoclasts formation and increased periodontal ligament-like tissue regeneration efficiency, maximumly maintaining the xenograft function. We considered that RSG preconditioning could preserve the biological properties of the transplanted stem cells under oxidative stress (OS) microenvironment and promote organ regeneration by attenuating the inflammatory reaction and OS injury.