bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application and effectiveness of Methylobacterium symbioticum as a biological inoculant in maize and strawberry crops
Authors: Torres Vera Rocío , Bernabé García Antonio José , Carmona Álvarez Francisco José , Martínez Ruiz Jesús , Fernández Martín Félix 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe effectiveness of Methylobacterium symbioticum in maize and strawberry plants was measured under different doses of nitrogen fertilisation. The biostimulant effect of the bacteria was observed in maize and strawberry plants treated with the biological inoculant under different doses of nitrogen fertiliser compared to untreated plants (control). It was found that bacteria allowed a 50 and 25% decrease in the amount of nitrogen applied in maize and strawberry crops, respectively, and the photosynthetic capacity increased compared with the control plant under all nutritional conditions. A decrease in nitrate reductase activity in inoculated maize plants indicated that the bacteria affects the metabolism of the plant. In addition, inoculated strawberry plants grown with a 25% reduction in nitrogen had a higher concentration of nitrogen in leaves than control plants under optimal nutritional conditions. Again, this indicates that Methylobacterium symbioticum provide an additional supply of nitrogen.
Oral Dissolving Film of Rivastigmine: Optimization Using Factorial Design
Authors: Farghaly Dalia A. , Afifi Samar A. , Aboelwafa Ahmed A. , Mohamed Magdy I. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Due to impairments in memory and judgment, it is difficult for dementia patients to understand why they need medicine. Moreover, they often have swallowing difficulties. In this investigation, an oral dissolving film of rivastigmine tartrate (RT-ODF) was developed, offering a unique and convenient formulation for dementia patients.

Methods
RT-ODF was developed using a solvent-casting technique. Sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were used as film-forming polymers, and glycerol was used as a plasticizer. A full factorial design (32) was employed to estimate the impact of two factors at three levels: polymer concentration (1, 1.5, and 2% w/v) and plasticizer concentration (30, 40, and 50% w/v) on the responses, i.e., the tensile strength (TS), the disintegration time (DT), and the quantity of drug released (Q10 min).

Results
The optimized formula (A1) that had the highest desirability value (0.923) exhibited the lowest tensile strength (3.67 ± 0.72 MPa), the shortest disintegration time (20 ± 2.0 s), and the highest percentage of drug released after 10 min (97.12 ± 2.01%). It was composed of 1% w/v sodium alginate (ALG-Na) and plasticized with 30% w/v glycerol. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that the RT-ODFs enhanced the drug’s bioavailability by 1.91-fold relative to the reference product (Exelon® capsule).

Conclusion
Oral dissolving films of rivastigmine tartrate could be a promising approach to promote drug bioavailability and convenience for geriatric patients.
Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Enamelast® and Fluor defender® fluoride varnishes against Streptococcus mutans biofilm: an in vitro study in primary teeth
Authors: Matar M. A. , Darwish S. S. , Salma R. S. , Lotfy W. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the current work was to compare the antibacterial activity of Enamelast® and Fluor defender® fluoride varnish on biofilm generation by Streptococcus mutans on extracted primary teeth.

Methods
Thirty-six primary molars were collected and sliced into seventy-two test model disks. All specimens were examined, and the cracked or broken ones were discarded. A total number of specimens (n = 54) were divided into two experimental analyses viz; biofilm formation (n = 27) and microscopic examination (n = 27). Specimens of each analysis were tested under different experimental conditions: a negative control group (n = 9), Fluor defender group (n = 9), and Enamelast group (n = 9). Following treatment, biofilms were generated by adherent Streptococcus mutans on the test model disks on three time intervals: 24 h (n = 3), 48 h (n = 3), and 72 h (n = 3) for each analysis. Then, for biofilm formation analysis, the biofilm was detected spectrophotometrically at 620 nm after being stained by crystal violet. For microscopical analysis, the surfaces of the test model disks were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and each image was processed and analyzed using ImageJ software.

Results
At 48 and 72 h, Enamelast® and Fluor defender®-treated group showed significantly (p < 0.001) slight adhered bacterial cells when compared with the negative control group as revealed by the absorbance and SEM. Compared with the Fluor defender®-treated group, the absorbance of the Enamelast®-treated group showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase by approximately 7- and 16.5-fold at 48 and 72 h, respectively. Similarly, SEM showed that the number of bacterial cells adhered to enamel surfaces in the Fluor defender®-treated group was significantly (p < 0.001) fewer than the Enamelast®-treated group by approximately 36.55% and 20.62% at 48 and 72 h after exposure, respectively.

Conclusion
We conclude that the anti-biofilm activity of Fluor defender® against Streptococcus mutans was significantly (p < 0.001) greater than Enamelast® fluoride varnish. The use of Fluor defender® is encouraged as a preventive measure in children with the high risk of developing dental caries.
Dietary recommendations to customize canteen menus according to the nutritional and sensory needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Conti Maria Vittoria , Breda Chiara , Basilico Sara , Luzzi Alessia , Voto Luana , Santero Sara , De Filippo Giorgia , Cena Hellas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often characterized by food-selectivity, food-neophobia and a marked preference for mild flavor, semi-liquid foods with pale colors. Therefore, they adopt a monotonous dietary pattern, and they prefer ultra-processed food, leading to a high risk of developing malnutrition. In Italy, where 75,072 individuals are diagnosed with ASD, center-based services play a crucial role in their daily management. Despite the centrality of nutrition in maintaining a good state of health, even more for vulnerable subjects, no validated protocol at collective catering level has been developed yet. The manuscript presents customized dietary recommendations aimed at managing the meals for individuals with ASD at collective catering service, derived from a non-systematic literature review exploring food behaviors and nutritional needs in individuals with ASD. Simple practical tips for mealtimes, such as eating together, proper seating, lighting, smell control, presenting food in a simple manner and using the same type of tableware at each meal, to meet the needs of individuals with ASD, were described. The proposal could represent a starting point in developing official guidelines aimed at ASD individuals, in collective catering service.Level of Evidence: Level V.
Analysis of Student Perceptions of a Newly Developed Integrative System Course Model
Authors: Sechelski Amber , Bhattacharjee Ritvik , Reynolds Austin , Manis Mary , Elshabrawy Hatem A. , Zhao Yuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
During Spring 2021, we piloted a course model that integrated the immune system and HEENT (head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat) by concurrently presenting them in the context of clinical cases. Immune system topics (e.g., infection, cancer) were tied to their manifestations in the HEENT system, and concepts from both systems were consolidated in weekly case-based learning and small group discussion (CBL/SGD) sessions.

Methods
To evaluate students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of this model, we administered to the class a voluntary survey containing closed- and open-ended items; conducted a focus group of 10 students selected via convenience sampling; and employed a mixed approach to analyze the resulting data, including multiple qualitative methods.

Results
Thirty-nine of 74 students completed the survey (53% response rate). In response to the item related to overall effectiveness of using CBL/SGD for system integration, nearly half (48.72%) of these students rated the overall effectiveness as average. Constant comparison analysis of the qualitative data revealed three major themes–student satisfaction with integration of immunology and HEENT, content and time involved in CBL/SGD, and suggestions for improvement–and classical content analysis revealed the relative importance of these themes. Participants held positive and negative perceptions, expressed concerns regarding CBL/SGD (e.g., its helpfulness, complexity), and made suggestions for improvement of integration.

Conclusions
Using multiple methods allowed us to gain a deeper understanding of students’ perceptions of the new course model, and we have taken actions to improve course quality in the future.
Control of Transition Time by the Likely Future as Signalled from the Past in Children with ASD
Authors: Wood Aleksandra , Simon Carsta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe signaling perspective offers an alternative to the Skinnerian view of understanding behavior. The signaling effects of reinforcers have predominantly been explored in the laboratory with nonhuman subjects. To test the implications of this view for applied behavior analysis, we contrasted the effect of discriminative stimulus versus reinforcer control in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We aimed to determine whether the duration of their transitions from one reinforcer context to another is controlled by their most recent past or the likely future based on more extended past experience. Reinforcer context (rich, moderate, or lean) was signaled in the first condition. We observed that transition times to the leaner reinforcer were longer than those to the richer. The reinforcer context was unsignaled in the second condition. The differences between transition times disappeared in the second condition. The difference in durations of transitions to signaled and unsignaled reinforcer densities suggests that behavior is primarily controlled by signals of likely future reinforcers as extrapolated from extended past experience rather than strengthened by the most recent event.
Transition analysis of boundary-based active configurations in temporal simplicial complexes for ingredient co-occurrences in recipe streams
Authors: Fujisawa Koudai , Kumano Masahito , Kimura Masahiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAiming at knowledge discovery for temporal sequences of cooking recipes published in social media platforms from the viewpoint of network science, we consider an analysis of temporal higher-order networks of ingredients derived from such recipe streams by focusing on the framework of simplicial complex. Previous work found interesting properties of temporal simplicial complexes for the human proximity interactions in five different social settings by examining the configuration transitions before and after triplet interaction events corresponding to 2-simplices. In this paper, as an effective extension of the previous work to the case of higher dimensionaln-simplices corresponding to newly published recipes, we propose a novel method of configuration transition analysis by incorporating the following two features. First, to focus on changes in the topological structure of temporal simplicial complex, we incorporate analyzing the transitions of boundary-based configurations. Next, to focus on the temporal heterogeneity in usage activities of ingredients, we incorporate analyzing the transitions of active configurations by introducing the activity degree of configuration. Using real data of a Japanese recipe sharing site, we empirically evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and reveal some characteristics of the temporal evolution of Japanese homemade recipes published in social media from the perspective of ingredient co-occurrences.
Classical splitting of parametrized quantum circuits
Authors: Tüysüz Cenk , Clemente Giuseppe , Crippa Arianna , Hartung Tobias , Kühn Stefan , Jansen Karl 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBarren plateaus appear to be a major obstacle for using variational quantum algorithms to simulate large-scale quantum systems or to replace traditional machine learning algorithms. They can be caused by multiple factors such as the expressivity of the ansatz, excessive entanglement, the locality of observables under consideration, or even hardware noise. We propose classical splitting of parametric ansatz circuits to avoid barren plateaus. Classical splitting is realized by subdividing an N qubit ansatz into multiple ansätze that consist of $$\mathcal {O}(\log N)$$

O
(
log
N
)

qubits. We show that such an approach allows for avoiding barren plateaus and carry out numerical experiments, and perform binary classification on classical and quantum datasets. Moreover, we propose an extension of the ansatz that is compatible with variational quantum simulations. Finally, we discuss a speed-up for gradient-based optimization and hardware implementation, robustness against noise and parallelization, making classical splitting an ideal tool for noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) applications.
Sparse grid time-discontinuous Galerkin method with streamline diffusion for transport equations
Authors: Zeiser Andreas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh-dimensional transport equations frequently occur in science and engineering. Computing their numerical solution, however, is challenging due to its high dimensionality. In this work we develop an algorithm to efficiently solve the transport equation in moderately complex geometrical domains using a Galerkin method stabilized by streamline diffusion. The ansatz spaces are a tensor product of a sparse grid in space and discontinuous piecewise polynomials in time. Here, the sparse grid is constructed upon nested multilevel finite element spaces to provide geometric flexibility. This results in an implicit time-stepping scheme which we prove to be stable and convergent. If the solution has additional mixed regularity, the convergence of a 2d-dimensional problem equals that of a d-dimensional one up to logarithmic factors. For the implementation, we rely on the representation of sparse grids as a sum of anisotropic full grid spaces. This enables us to store the functions and to carry out the computations on a sequence regular full grids exploiting the tensor product structure of the ansatz spaces. In this way existing finite element libraries and GPU acceleration can be used. The combination technique is used as a preconditioner for an iterative scheme to solve the transport equation on the sequence of time strips. Numerical tests show that the method works well for problems in up to six dimensions. Finally, the method is also used as a building block to solve nonlinear Vlasov-Poisson equations.
Chemical looping approaches to decarbonization via CO2 repurposing
Authors: Schmidt Collin , Shi Hanzhong , Maiti Debtanu , Hare Bryan J. , Bhethanabotla Venkat R. , Kuhn John N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractActive areas of research on chemical looping technologies for the conversion of CO2 to CO are contrasted and discussed, including current performance, methods for material design, and next steps in expanding their development. Generation of CO from CO2 is of interest in sustainable chemistry and engineering to convert anthropogenic CO2 emissions into feedstock for Fischer–Tropsch (FT), methanol to gasoline (MTG), gas-to-liquid (GTL), and other synthesis pathways for fuels and materials. Chemical looping strategies have been identified which not only produce CO, but also H2 from H2O and methane sources, supplying the other key component of syngas. Configurations of these chemical looping technologies into the materials economy potentially constitute sustainable carbon loop cycles for fuels as well as carbon sequestration into industrial and commercial materials. Major areas of research in CO2 conversion by chemical looping, collectively referred to here as CO2CL, including Solar-Thermal Chemical Looping (STCL), Reverse Water Gas Shift Chemical Looping (RWGS-CL), Chemical Looping Reforming (CLR), Super Dry Reforming (SDR), Autothermal Catalyst Assisted Chemical Looping (ACACL), and Reverse Boudouard Reforming (RBR) are discussed in terms of their process characteristics, historical development of oxygen carrier (OC) material, state of the art methods for material design, and future work needed to advance the scale-up of these technologies. This perspective centers around the non-methane utilizing processes for CO2CL, focusing on the phenomena of oxygen transfer between gas molecules and the oxygen carrier (OC).
An Integrated Spherical Fuzzy Multi-criterion Group Decision-Making Approach and Its Application in Digital Marketing Technology Assessment
Authors: Gao Kai , Liu Tingting , Yue Dingjun , Simic Vladimir , Rong Yuan , Garg Harish 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDigital marketing technology can not only help enterprises effectively control marketing costs but also accurately identify target customers and determine customer needs to improve marketing conversion rates. Multiple conflicting and asymmetric criteria need to be taken simultaneously into account to effectively assess digital marketing technology. Accordingly, the target of our paper is to propound an enhanced additive ratio assessment (ARAS) methodology to aid experts in evaluating digital marketing technology in a complex uncertain setting. The spherical fuzzy (SF) set is an expansion of the picture fuzzy set (PFS) that has been recognized as a powerful model to portray indeterminacy and vagueness. A fresh score function is proffered to compare the SF numbers and its merits are also analyzed. Then, some novel operations for SF numbers are defined and several aggregation operators based on them are propounded. Further, a mixed multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) method is developed by incorporating the method based on the removal effects of criteria (MEREC), step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA), and enhanced ARAS approach under SF information. Also, a case concerning digital marketing technology evaluation is executed to prove the efficiency and practicability of the presented SF-MEREC–SWARA–ARAS method. Finally, contrast and sensitivity investigations are also implemented to highlight the strengths and robustness of the proffered methodology, respectively.
Innovation Commons for the Data Economy
Authors: Guidi Sara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractData-driven innovation entails an overall positive effect on society. Innovation is a central policy goal in the EU, and the regulation of the data economy tends to elect innovation as a primary objective. However, considerably less attention is devoted to the identification of the qualitative characteristics of the desired innovation. From a technological point of view, (data-driven) innovation can be cumulative, combinatorial, or generative. In all three instances, innovation commons are crucial. The design of successful data commons demands the analysis of the relational dimension of the data economy, which can be conducted through the framework of business ecosystems. Incentives for data-based competition or cooperation in ecosystems are inspired by a metaphorical cognition of the economic function of data: whether data is considered a resource or an infrastructure ultimately affects the design of innovation commons. To conclude, the paper draws the policy implications of this framework. Policymakers and regulators may select one narrative over another, thus molding the features of future innovation.
Multilingualism and Translation in Ancient Judaism
Authors: Fraade Steven D. 
Published: August 2023

In this book, Steven Fraade explores the practice and conception of multilingualism and translation in ancient Judaism. Interrogating the deep and dialectical relationship between them, he situates representative scriptural and other texts within their broader synchronic - Greco-Roman context, as well as diachronic context - the history of Judaism and beyond. Neither systematic nor comprehensive, his selection of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek primary sources, here fluently translated into clear English, best illustrate the fundamental issues and the performative aspects relating to translation and multilingualism. Fraade scrutinizes and analyzes the texts to reveal the inner dynamics and the pedagogical-social implications that are implicit when multilingualism and translation are paired. His book demonstrates the need for a more thorough and integrated treatment of these topics, and their relevance to the study of ancient Judaism, than has been heretofore recognized.
Costs of Reducing Nutrients from Riparian Buffers in Western Maryland
Authors: Siemek Stephanie M. , Kucher Oleg , Eshleman Keith N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe estimate the economic cost of nutrient reductions from riparian buffers in two counties in western Maryland. The costs and gains for farmers are estimated for establishing riparian buffers under the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program. For nutrient reductions, we utilize nitrogen and phosphorus mitigation loads from the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model and own estimates from our synoptic studies. We show that costs of reducing nutrients vary based on buffer type, its location, and the nutrient pollutant. We also show that installing riparian buffers alongside existing forests could be a more cost-effective practice for reducing nitrogen than other riparian buffers.
Icons and ontological (in)security
Authors: Steele Brent J. , Subotic Jelena 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhat role do national icons play in a political community’s drive for ontological security? And what implications does this have for global politics? This article situates national icons in service of state ontological security. Icons both unify and divide political communities; therefore they serve, but also disrupt, ontological security-seeking of collectives. Building on research on ontological security and status in International Relations, we examine two case studies of national icons – Vesna Vulović, the celebrated Serbian flight attendant who miraculously survived a major plane crash, and Muhammad Ali, the American boxing legend. Both Vulović and Ali initially generated, and then countered, ontological security for their national communities as they transformed from popular culture celebrities into anti-regime political activists. We conclude the article by discussing opportunities for future avenues of research on icons and the politics of identity going forward.
Modelling and shock control for a V-shaped blunt leading edge
Authors: Kang Dake , Yan Chao , Liu Sijia , Wang Zhaowei , Jiang Zhenhua 
Published: August 2023

Hypersonic flow on a V-shaped blunt leading edge (VSBLE) at Mach 12 is numerically investigated. A series of self-induced shock–shock interactions and shock wave/boundary layer interactions (SWBLIs) cause extremely high heat flux peaks on the crotch of the VSBLE. Based on these shock structures, a simplified model that divides the flow field into inviscid and viscous areas is constructed. This model can quickly solve the shock interactions and predict the heating/pressure peaks with high accuracy. Furthermore, a shock control bump (SCB) is placed on the SWBLI region to split the strong incident shock into a weaker multi-wave system. The mechanism study of the SCB shows that the inviscid effect significantly reduces the heating/pressure peaks, and the viscous effect suppresses the SWBLI-induced separation. Finally, a VSBLE with SCBs is numerically investigated. The heat flux peak is reduced by 66 % compared to that without the SCBs. The robustness of the SCB under various working conditions is also evaluated. This paper provides an idea for the simplified solution of complex shock interactions and extends the application of the SCB as a thermal protection device in hypersonic flow for the first time.