bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US Medical School Admissions Leaders’ Experiences With Barriers to and Advancements in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Authors: Ko Michelle , Henderson Mark C. , Fancher Tonya L. , London Maya R. , Simon Mark , Hardeman Rachel R. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceDespite decades-long calls for increasing racial and ethnic diversity, the medical profession continues to exclude members of Black or African American, Hispanic or Latinx, and Indigenous groups.ObjectiveTo describe US medical school admissions leaders’ experiences with barriers to and advances in diversity, equity, and inclusion.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study involved key-informant interviews of 39 deans and directors of admission from 37 US allopathic medical schools across the range of student body racial and ethnic composition. Interviews were conducted in person and online from October 16, 2019, to March 27, 2020, and analyzed from October 2019 to March 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipant experiences with barriers to and advances in diversity, equity, and inclusion.ResultsAmong 39 participants from 37 medical schools, admissions experience ranged from 1 to 40 years. Overall, 56.4% of participants identified as women, 10.3% as Asian American, 25.6% as Black or African American, 5.1% as Hispanic or Latinx, and 61.5% as White (participants could report &amp;gt;1 race and/or ethnicity). Participants characterized diversity broadly, with limited attention to racial injustice. Barriers to advancing racial and ethnic diversity included lack of leadership commitment; pressure from faculty and administrators to overemphasize academic scores and school rankings; and political and social influences, such as donors and alumni. Accreditation requirements, holistic review initiatives, and local policy motivated reforms but may also have inadvertently lowered expectations and accountability. Strategies to overcome challenges included narrative change and revision of school leadership structure, admissions goals, practices, and committee membership.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this qualitative study, admissions leaders characterized the ways in which entrenched beliefs, practices, and power structures in medical schools may perpetuate institutional racism, with far-reaching implications for health equity. Participants offered insights on how to remove inequitable structures and implement process changes. Without such action, calls for racial justice will likely remain performative, and racism across health care institutions will continue.
Associations between welding fume exposure and neurological function in Japanese male welders and non-welders
Authors: Tsuji Mayumi , Koriyama Chihaya , Ishihara Yasuhiro , Isse Toyohi , Ishizuka Tsunetoshi , Hasegawa Wataru , Goto Motohide , Tanaka Rie , Kakiuchi Noriaki , Hori Hajime , Yatera Kazuhiro , Kunugita Naoki , Yamamoto Megumi , Sakuragi Toshihide , Yasumura Yoshiko , Kono Maori , Kuwamura Mami , Kitagawa Kyoko , Ueno Susumu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
There are some studies reporting the association between (manganese [Mn]) exposure to welding fume and neurological dysfunction. This study examined the relationship between Mn exposure and neurological behavior in Japanese male welders and non-welders using biological samples, which to date has not been assessed in Japan.

Methods
A total of 94 male welders and 95 male non-welders who worked in the same factories were recruited. The blood and urine samples were obtained from all the participants to measure Mn exposure levels. Neurological function tests were also conducted with all participants. The sampling of the breathing air zone using a personal sampler was measured for welders only.

Results
The odds ratios (ORs) for the Working Memory Index (WMI) scores were significantly higher among all participants in the low blood Mn concentration group than those in the high blood Mn concentration group (OR, 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24, 6.19; P = .013). The association of WMI scores and blood Mn levels in welders had the highest OR (OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.04, 13.38; P = .043). Although not statistically significant, a mild relationship between WMI scores and blood Mn levels was observed in non-welders (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 0.63, 6.94; P = .227).

Conclusions
The results revealed a significant positive relationship between blood Mn and neurological dysfunction in welders. Furthermore, non-welders at the same factories may be secondarily exposed to welding fumes. Further research is needed to clarify this possibility.
Morphology Associated Positive Correlation between Carrier Mobility and Carrier Density in Highly Doped Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Min Jiwoo , Im Jaemin , Kim Seung Hyun , Choi Hyun Ho , Cho Kilwon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMolecular doping in conjugated polymers (CPs) has recently received intensive attention for its potential to achieve high electrical conductivity in organic thermoelectric materials. In particular, it affects not only the carrier density n but also the carrier mobility µ because high degree of molecular doping changes the morphological properties. Herein, the effect of molecular doping in CP thin films on the pathways and mechanisms of charge transport is investigated, which govern the µ‐n relationship. Two representative donor–acceptor type CPs with similar µ but different molecular assembly in an undoped state, that is poly[2,5‐(2‐octyldodecyl)‐3,6‐diketopyrrolopyrrole‐alt‐5,5‐(2,5‐di(thien‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene)] (DPPDTT) and indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDTBT), are prepared. Heavy doping with iron chloride (FeCl3) induced DPPDTT with highly crystalline edge‐on orientation to increase its µ up to 19.6 cm2 V−1 s−1, whereas IDTBT with irregular intermolecular stacking showed little change in µ. It is revealed that this different µ‐n relationship is highly attributed to the initial molecular ordering of CP films. The charge transport mechanism also becomes significantly different: both coherent and incoherent transports are observed in the doped DPPDTT, whereas incoherent transport is only found in the doped IDTBT. This study suggests guidelines for enhancing charge transport of CPs under doping in terms of structural disorder.
The Impact of Lattice Distortions on the Magnetic Stability of Single Atoms: Dy and Ho on BaO(100)
Authors: Sorokin Boris V. , Pivetta Marina , Bellini Valerio , Merk Darius , Reynaud Sébastien , Barla Alessandro , Brune Harald , Rusponi Stefano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractX‐ray magnetic circular dichroism, atomic multiplet simulations, and density functional theory calculations are employed to identify criteria for the optimum combination of supporting alkaline earth oxide and adsorption site maximizing the spin lifetimes of lanthanide single‐atom magnets. Dy and Ho atoms adsorbed on BaO(100) thin films on Pt(100) are characterized and compared with previous results for the same two elements on MgO/Ag(100). Dy shows hysteresis in magnetic fields up to ≈3.5 T and long spin lifetime, exceeding 300 s at 2.5 K and 0.5 T. Dy displays superior magnetic stability on the bridge site than on the top‐O site. Surprisingly, Ho shows paramagnetism, as opposed to its long spin lifetime on MgO. These differences originate from the local surface distortions induced by the adatoms. On MgO, minimal distortions involve only the closest O atoms, while, on BaO, they affect both the closest anions and cations. This trend reflects the decrease of the lattice energy along the series of the alkaline earth oxides, going from MgO to BaO. This study represents a step ahead in the understanding of the factors determining the spin dynamics of surface‐adsorbed single‐atom magnets in order to achieve their operation as qubits and memories.
Light‐Driven Conversion of Silicon Nitride Nanopore to Nanonet for Single‐Protein Trapping Analysis
Authors: Li Jing , Huang Bintong , Wang Yuanhao , Li Aijia , Wang Yong , Pan Yangyang , Chai Jia , Liu Ze , Zhai Yueming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe single‐molecule technique for investigation of an unlabeled protein in solution is very attractive but with great challenges. Nanopore sensing as a label‐free tool can be used for collecting the structural information of individual proteins, but currently offers only limited capabilities due to the fast translocation of the target. Here, a reliable and facile method is developed to convert the silicon nitride nanopore to a stable nanonet platform for single‐entity sensing by electrophoretic or electroosmotic trapping. A nanonet is fabricated based on a material reorganization process caused by electron‐beam and light‐irradiation treatment. Using protein molecules as a model, it is revealed that the solid‐state nanonet can produce collision and trapping flipping signals of the protein, which provides more structural information than traditional nanopore sensing. More importantly, thanks to the excellent stability of the solid‐state silicon nitride nanonet, it is demonstrated that the ultraviolet‐light‐irradiation‐induced structural‐change process of an individual protein can be captured. The developed nanonet supplies a robust platform for single‐entity studies but is not limited to proteins.
Printable Thermochromic Hydrogel‐Based Smart Window for All‐Weather Building Temperature Regulation in Diverse Climates
Authors: Chen Guoqi , Wang Kai , Yang Jiahui , Huang Jie , Chen Zhongfeng , Zheng Jingxia , Wang Jingquan , Yang Hailong , Li Shengnan , Miao Yueyue , Wang Wenquan , Zhu Nannan , Jiang Xiancai , Chen Yongming , Fu Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThermochromic smart windows are widely developed to modulate building energy exchange to save building energy consumption. However, most smart windows have fixed working temperatures, moderate energy‐saving efficiency, and are not suitable for diverse (cold and hot) climates. Here smart windows with strong temperature modulation over a broad range of hydrogels with adjustable transition temperatures for all‐weather building temperature regulation in different climates are reported. Thermochromic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N, N‐dimethylacrylamide) hydrogels, with lower critical transition temperatures ranging from 32.5 to 43.5 °C, are developed for smart windows with solar modulation up to 88.84% and intrinsic transmittance up to 91.30% over full spectrum without energy input. Simulated indoor investigations are performed in different cities from 23 °N to 39 °N from winter to summer. The results indicate that smart windows have a strong solar modulation in summer to reduce indoor temperature up to 7.3 °C and efficient heat conservation in winter to save energy up to 4.30 J m−3, in comparison to glass windows. Smart windows with grid patterns and Chinese kirigami are fabricated by using 3D printing of the hydrogels to achieve both solar modulation and light incidence. The strategy offers an innovative path for thermochromic smart windows for low carbon economy.
Activating Co(OH)2 Active Sites by Coupled with V2O5 to Boost Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Tang Jing , Ruan Qingdong , Yu Hongmin , Huang Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic water splitting generated oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) is a promising way to solve the energy crisis. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) compared to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has slow kinetics hindering overall process. Recently, cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) with high activity and stability for OER has attracted more attention. During the OER process, the Co2+ in Co(OH)2 is further oxidized to Co3+ and CoOOH species are true active sites. However, the low conductivity of Co(OH)2 hinders its oxidization to CoOOH. In addition, spontaneous growth of Co(OH)2 agglomerates easily during hydrothermal treatment, leading to decreased active sites. Herein, an efficient strategy is developed to construct highly dispersive Co(OH)2 nanosheets vertically grown on V2O5 nanoflowers (Co(OH)2/V2O5) at room temperature. The V5+ of V2O5 can oxidize Co2+ of Co(OH)2 into Co3+, resulting in in situ formations of CoOOH species favorable to the OER process. In situ Raman also investigates that the OH‐ species are inserted more easily into the interlayer of Co(OH)2 of (Co(OH)2/V2O5) than that of pure Co(OH)2. Therefore, the hybrid Co(OH)2/V2O5 exhibits low overpotentials of 320 and 370 mV at a current density of 10 and 50 mV cm‐2, respectively, and a small Tafel slope of 68 mV dec‐1.
The effect of tailing lipidation on the bioactivity of antimicrobial peptides and their aggregation tendency
Authors: Lin Bruce , Hung Andrew , Singleton William , Darmawan Kevion K. , Moses Rachael , Yao Bicheng , Wu Hongkang , Barlow Anders , Sani Marc‐Antoine , Sloan Alastair J. , Hossain Mohammed Akhter , Wade John D. , Hong Yuning , O'Brien‐Simpson Neil M. , Li Wenyi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potentially powerful alternatives to conventional antibiotics in combating multidrug resistance, given their broad spectrum of activity. They mainly interact with cell membranes through surface electrostatic potentials and the formation of secondary structures, resulting in permeability and destruction of target microorganism membranes. Our earlier work showed that two leading AMPs, MSI‐78 (4–20) and pardaxin (1–22), had potent antimicrobial activity against a range of bacteria. It is known that the attachment of moderate‐length lipid carbon chains to cationic peptides can further improve the functionality of these peptides through enhanced interactions with the membrane lipid bilayer, inducing membrane curvature, destabilization, and potential leakage. Thus, in this work, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity, oligomerization propensity, and lipid‐membrane binding interactions of a range of N‐terminal lipidated analogs of MSI‐78 (4–20) and pardaxin (1–22). Molecular modeling results suggest that aggregation of the N‐lipidated AMPs may impart greater structural stability to the peptides in solution and a greater depth of lipid bilayer insertion for the N‐lipidated AMPs over the parental peptide. Our experimental and computational findings provide insights into how N‐terminal lipidation of AMPs may alter their conformations, with subsequent effects on their functional properties in regard to their self‐aggregation behavior, membrane interactions, and antimicrobial activity.
Diagnosis of TBC1D32‐associated conditions: Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of a complex ciliopathy
Authors: Harris Sarah C. , Chong Karen , Chitayat David , Gilmore Kelly L. , Jorge Alexander A. L. , Freire Bruna L. , Lerario Antonio , Shannon Patrick , Cope Heidi , Gallentine William B. , Le Guyader Gwenal , Bilan Frederic , Létard Pascaline , Davis Erica E. , Vora Neeta L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExome sequencing is a powerful tool in prenatal and postnatal genetics and can help identify novel candidate genes critical to human development. We describe seven unpublished probands with rare likely pathogenic variants or variants of uncertain significance that segregate with recessive disease in TBC1D32, including four fetal probands in three unrelated pedigrees and three pediatric probands in unrelated pedigrees. We also report clinical comparisons with seven previously published patients. Index probands were identified through an ongoing prenatal exome sequencing study and through an online data sharing platform (Gene Matcher™). A literature review was also completed. TBC1D32 is involved in the development and function of cilia and is expressed in the developing hypothalamus and pituitary gland. We provide additional data to expand the phenotype correlated with TBC1D32 variants, including a severe prenatal phenotype associated with life‐limiting congenital anomalies.
Protein disulfide isomerases as CSF biomarkers for the neuronal response to tau pathology
Authors: Wolzak Kimberly , Vermunt Lisa , Campo Marta del , Jorge‐Oliva Marta , van Ziel Anna Maria , Li Ka Wan , Smit August B. , Chen‐Ploktkin Alice , Irwin David J. , Lemstra Afina W. , Pijnenburg Yolande , van der Flier Wiesje , Zetterberg Henrik , Gobom Johan , Blennow Kaj , Visser Pieter Jelle , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Tijms Betty M. , Scheper Wiep 
Published: February 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for specific cellular disease processes are lacking for tauopathies. In this translational study we aimed to identify CSF biomarkers reflecting early tau pathology‐associated unfolded protein response (UPR) activation.METHODSWe employed mass spectrometry proteomics and targeted immunoanalysis in a combination of biomarker discovery in primary mouse neurons in vitro and validation in patient CSF from two independent large multicentre cohorts (EMIF‐AD MBD, n = 310; PRIDE, n = 771).RESULTSFirst, we identify members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family in the neuronal UPR‐activated secretome and validate secretion upon tau aggregation in vitro. Next, we demonstrate that PDIA1 and PDIA3 levels correlate with total‐ and phosphorylated‐tau levels in CSF. PDIA1 levels are increased in CSF from AD patients compared to controls and patients with tau‐unrelated frontotemporal and Lewy body dementia (LBD).Highlights
Neuronal unfolded protein response (UPR) activation induces the secretion of protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) in vitro.
PDIA1 is secreted upon tau aggregation in neurons in vitro.
PDIA1 and PDIA3 levels correlate with total and phosphorylated tau levels in CSF.
PDIA1 levels are increased in CSF from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to controls.
PDIA1 levels are not increased in CSF from tau‐unrelated frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) patients.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Unsymmetrical Bis‐Allylation of Alkynes
Authors: Li Ying , Zhang Wei‐Song , Yang Sa‐Na , Wang Xiao‐Yu , Liu Yan , Ji Ding‐Wei , Chen Qing‐An 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe catalytic bis‐allylation of alkynes is an important but challenging protocol to construct all‐carbon tetra‐substituted alkenes. Particularly, the catalytic unsymmetrical bis‐allylation of alkynes remains as an underexplored task to date. We herein report an unprecedented unsymmetrical bis‐allylation by simultaneously utilizing electrophilic trifluoromethyl alkene and nucleophilic allylboronate as the allylic reagents. With the aid of robust Ni0/NHC catalysis, valuable skipped trienes can be obtained in high regio‐ and stereo‐selectivities under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction may proceed through a β‐fluorine elimination of a nickelacycle followed by a transmetalation step with allylboronate. The present method exhibits a good tolerance of various functional groups. Besides, the skipped triene products can undergo an array of elaborate transformations, which highlights the potential applications of this strategy.
Fucose Migration Pathways Identified Using Infrared Spectroscopy**
Authors: Moge Baptiste , Schindler Baptiste , Yeni Oznur , Compagnon Isabelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFucose is a ubiquitous monosaccharide associated to major classes of glycans. A main obstacle to the sequencing of fucosylated glycans is the migration of fucose, which leads to misinterpretations in mass spectrometry analysis. Here, using ion vibrational spectroscopy, we resolve the structure of fucosylated fragments of Lewis and blood group H antigen trisaccharides and we unveil the position and linkage of the fucose after migration. Our findings demonstrate that the structure of fragment ions resulting from fucose migration can be characterized. Additionally, we report a new type of fucose migration, which does not feature any change of mass and therefore had not been previously reported: it consists of a local migration where the fucose changes its position remaining on the initial residue. Our approach allows the characterization of glycans, an essential step to interpret glycomics data, as well as to understand underlying processes at play in mass spectrometry.
Targeted Protein Upregulation of STING for Boosting the Efficacy of Immunotherapy
Authors: Cho Wansang , Won Solchan , Choi Yoona , Yi Sihyeong , Park Jong Beom , Park Jun‐Gyu , Kim Caroline E. , Narayana Chintam , Kim Ju Hee , Yim Junhyeong , Choi Young Il , Lee Dong‐Sup , Park Seung Bum 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModulating target proteins via the ubiquitin‐proteasome system has recently expanded the scope of pharmacological inventions. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an auspicious target for immunotherapy. Seminal studies envisioned the importance of STING as well as the utility of its agonists in immunotherapy outcomes. Herein, we suggest UPPRIS (upregulation of target proteins by protein‐protein interaction strategy) to pharmacologically increase cellular STING levels for improved immunotherapy. We discovered the small molecule SB24011 that inhibits STING‐TRIM29 E3 ligase interaction, thus blocking TRIM29‐induced degradation of STING. SB24011 enhanced STING immunity by upregulating STING protein levels, which robustly potentiated the immunotherapy efficacy of STING agonist and anti‐PD‐1 antibody via systemic anticancer immunity. Overall, we demonstrated that targeted protein upregulation of STING can be a promising approach for immuno‐oncology.
The Regioselective Solid‐State Photo‐Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nanographenes with UV light
Authors: Baier Daniel M. , Spula Carolina , Fanenstich Stephen , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotochemical reactors inherently suffer from the low penetration depth of light and therefore rely on high dilutions to enable chemical reactions. Here we present the first method of UV (ultraviolet) photochemistry in the complete absence of bulk solvents in a ball mill. Triphenylene was synthesized by two routes, the Mallory reaction and the cyclodehydrochlorination (CDHC), resulting in yields of 81 and 92 %, respectively. The reaction was successfully scaled up to the gram scale and the robustness of the method was demonstrated for several different substrates. Finally, the regioselective assembly of nanographenes by mechanochemistry was demonstrated for larger systems. Thus, the mechanochemical approach presented here provides a powerful new tool for the atomically precise construction of nanographenes.
Laparoscopic Hiatal Hernia Repair With Concomitant Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication
Authors: Pype DeAnn L. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTPatients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and a large hiatal hernia can have life‐disrupting symptoms, such as heartburn, regurgitation, cough, and hoarseness. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms are often treated with proton pump inhibitors and occasionally treated with surgery. The last decade has seen the development of a new procedure—laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair with concomitant transoral incisionless fundoplication. When transoral incisionless fundoplication is performed immediately after a laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair, it may enable the discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors and improve a patient's quality of life. This article explores the development of the transoral incisionless fundoplication procedure as well as its concomitant use after hiatal hernia repair at all stages of perioperative care. Also included is a hypothetical case study that illustrates the perioperative nursing care of a patient undergoing this procedure.
Clinical Issues — March 2023
Authors: Wright Renae 
Published: February 2023

THIS MONTH
Conversion to an open procedure
Key words: laparoscopic procedure, open procedure, emergent conversion, open procedure cart, preoperative briefing.
Excess absorption of fluid distension media
Key words: fluid distension media, arthroscopy, transurethral resection (TUR) syndrome, fluid extravasation, fluid intravasation.
Hysteroscopic fluid deficit thresholds
Key words: maximum fluid deficit, hysteroscopy, hypotonic solution, isotonic solution, distension media.
Alternative insufflation gases
Key words: carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), insufflation, gas distension media, pneumoperitoneum.