bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer associated fibroblast secreted miR-432-5p targets CHAC1 to inhibit ferroptosis and promote acquired chemoresistance in prostate cancer
Authors: HongBin Sun , Zhao Jun , Shen Jijie , Mao Liang , Yang Tianli , Liu Jinyu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death in which the accumulation of intracellular iron promotes lipid peroxidation, leading to cell death. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are an integral part of the tumor microenvironment and play an important role in tumorigenesis. To understand the potential mechanisms of chemoresistance in prostate cancer, we investigated the role of CAF-derived exosomes in ferroptosis. CAF exosomes inhibited erastin-induced lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in prostate cancer cells and reduced erastin induced damage to mitochondria, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis in prostate cancer cells. miR-432-5p inhibits ferroptosis in prostate cancer cells by targeting CHAC1 to reduce glutathione (GSH) depletion in cells thereby inhibiting ferroptosis. miR-432-5p inhibition enhances the drug sensitivity of PC (prostate cancer) cells in vivo. We found that exosomal miR-432-5p secreted by CAF targets CHAC1 via the ferroptosis pathway, thereby promoting chemoresistance in PC. This study provides a new approach for docetaxel resistance.
One substrate-many enzymes virtual screening uncovers missing genes of carnitine biosynthesis in human and mouse
Authors: Percudani Riccardo , Malatesta Marco , Zangelmi Erika , Peracchi Alessio , Secchi Andrea , Fornasier Emanuele , Gabriele Giachin , Battistutta Roberto , Salvo Martino Di , Contestabile Roberto , Tramonti Angela , Polverini Eugenia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The increasing availability of experimental and computational protein structures entices their use for function prediction. We developed a structure-based automated procedure to identify proteins involved in metabolic reactions by evaluating substrate conformations docked to a library of enzyme active sites. By screening AlphaFold-modeled vitamin B6-dependent enzymes, we found that a metric based on catalytically favorable conformations performed best (AUROC score=0.84) in identifying genes related to known enzymatic reactions. Applying this procedure, we identified the mammalian gene encoding hydroxytrimethyllysine aldolase (HTMLA), the second enzyme of carnitine biosynthesis. Experimental validation showed that the top-ranked candidates, serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT) 1 and 2, catalyze the HTMLA reaction. However, a mouse protein (threonine aldolase; Tha1) catalyzes the reaction more efficiently. Tha1 did not rank highest based on the AlphaFold model, but its rank improved to second place using the experimental crystal structure we determined at 2.26 Å resolution. We propose that mouse Tha1 be renamed as Htmla. Our findings suggest that humans have lost a gene involved in carnitine biosynthesis, with HTMLA activity of SHMT partially compensating for its function.
Exploring the gut virome in fecal immunochemical test stool samples reveals novel associations with lifestyle in a large population-based study
Authors: Rounge Trine , Istvan Paula , Birkeland Einar , Avershina Ekaterina , Kværner Ane , Bemanian Vahid , de Vos Willem , Rognes Torbjørn , Berstad Paula 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Stool samples for fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are collected in large numbers worldwide as part of colorectal cancer screening programs, but to our knowledge, the utility of these samples for virome studies is still unexplored. Employing FIT samples from 1034 CRCbiome participants, recruited from a Norwegian colorectal cancer screening study, we identified and annotated more than 18000 virus clusters (vOTUs), using shotgun metagenome sequencing. Only six percent of vOTUs were assigned to a known taxonomic family, with Microviridae being the most prevalent viral family. Genome integration state was family-associated, and the majority of identified viruses were unintegrated. Linking individual profiles to comprehensive lifestyle and demographic factors showed 17/25 of them to be associated with the gut virome. Physical activity, smoking, and dietary fiber consumption exhibited strong and consistent associations with both diversity and relative abundance of individual vOTUs, as well as with enrichment for auxiliary metabolic genes.
We demonstrate the suitability of FIT samples for virome analysis, opening an opportunity for large-scale studies of this yet enigmatic part of the gut microbiome. The diverse viral populations and their connections to the individual lifestyle uncovered herein paves the way for further exploration of the role of the gut virome in health and disease.
Left main and Three Vessels Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection As An Incidental Finding In Young Man with History of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma-A Case Report
Authors: Kavyani Raheleh , Salari Soheila , Norozi Zeinab , Hosseini Saeid , Abdi Saifullah , Rai Alireza , Maleki Majid 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare and important cause of myocardial infarction, especially in young women without other coronary artery disease . This arterial dissection can occur within or between any of the 3 layers.
Its predisposing factors include connective tissue diseases (Marfone syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), vasculitis (polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Kawasaki disease), atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia.
Clinical presentations of spontaneous coronary artery dissection are wide spectrum from asymptomatic to acute coronary disease, sustained ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death.
Case presentation: We describe A 33-year-old man with history of Hodgkin's lymphoma five years earlier that became a candidate for Patent foramen ovale closure due to recurrent embolic cerebrovascular accident . Before the intervention, coronary angiography incidentally showed dissection in the left main and all major coronary arteries.
Conclusions: Based on our hypothesis, chemoradiotherapy-induced arteriopathies could be consider as a predisposing factor for spontaneous coronary artery dissection.
Flatband slows down polariton dynamics in strongly coupled cavities
Authors: Pirruccio Giuseppe , García-Jomaso Yesenia , Vargas Brenda , Ley-Domínguez David , Armenta-Rico Román , Sauceda Huziel E. , Romero Cesar Ordonez , Lara-García Hugo , Camacho-Guardian Arturo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Flatbands in condensed-matter, atomic physics, and quantum optics stand as the basis for several strongly correlated quantum many-body phenomena such as Wigner crystallization, the fractional quantum Hall effect and Moiré-related physics. Besides inspiring analogies among diverse physical fields, flatbands are highly sought-after in photonics because they allow unconventional light flows such as slow-light. Here, we realize room-temperature slow-light with Frenkel polaritons excited across two strongly coupled cavities. We demonstrate the formation of a tuneable flatband appearing in the absence of a periodic in-plane potential. Our simple photonic architecture enables the unique spatial segregation of photons and excitons in different cavities and maintains a balanced degree of mixing between them. This unveils a dynamical competition between many-body scattering processes and the underlying polariton nature, which leads to an increased fluorescence lifetime. The polariton features are further revealed under appropriate resonant pumping, where we observe suppression of the flatband polariton fluorescence intensity.
Effects of iodine intake on gut microbiota community and metabolites: interactions between gut dysbiosis and Hashimoto thyroiditis
Authors: Wang Chuyuan , Gong Boshen , Meng Fanrui , Wang Xichang , Han Yutong , Yang Wanyu , Shan Zhongyan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease associated with iodine intake. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays an important role between the gut and thyroid in HT pathogenesis, which is known as the microbiota-gut-thyroid axis. However, the mechanism by which iodine intake alters the microbiota and causes HT remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanisms by which iodine intake influences gut dysbiosis and HT. We recruited 23 patients with HT and 25 healthy individuals to investigate alterations in the gut microbiota composition and metabolic characteristics. Furthermore, we established a spontaneously developed thyroiditis mouse model using NOD.H-2h4 mice underlying the influence of iodine intake on HT progression. The butanoate metabolism significantly differed beween these two groups according to the enrichment results, and butyric acid were significantly decreased in patients with HT compared with those healthy individuales. Gut dysbiosis contributes to TH17/Treg imbalance through a pathway regulated by the reduction of butyric acid. We demonstrated that excessive iodine intake significantly altered the composition of the intestinal flora, leading to gut dysbiosis and metabolic changes via the microbiota-gut-thyroid axis.
Typhoon Disaster Research on Solar Photovoltaic Equipment in Taiwan
Authors: Li Hsin-Chi , Tzeng Rong-Yu Veneta , Chang Chia-Wei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In April 2017, the government of Taiwan passed the amendment to "Energy Development Guidelines," officially beginning the race of domestic energy transformation. The purpose was not only to reduce the usage of fossil fuels but also to diversify the risk of energy shortage. Among various renewable energy applications, the solar photovoltaic industry played a crucial role in the market. However, Taiwan's location is prone to typhoon disasters and poses the most significant threat to the solar photovoltaic industry. With an average of four typhoons hitting the island each year, events like Typhoon Soudelor in 2015 and Typhoon Meranti in 2016 brought power winds, causing severe damage to solar panels across Taiwan and increasing investment risks in the industry. Therefore, effectively adapting to the environment with frequent typhoons in Taiwan will be an important goal for disaster prevention in the solar photovoltaic industry. This study conducted a questionnaire survey during three typhoon events: Typhoon Soudelor, Typhoon Nepartak, and Typhoon Meranti, to analyze the disaster situation of solar photovoltaic equipment during typhoon events. The results indicated that the actual loss rates for solar photovoltaic equipment during Typhoon Soudelor, Typhoon Nepartak, and Typhoon Meranti were 5.6%, 2.3%, and 1.4%, respectively. Additionally, the losses of solar photovoltaic equipment showed a significant positive correlation with wind speed. The loss rate of the equipment may be three times more when the wind speed doubles.
Characterizing the gut microbiota composition in Taiwanese hypertensive patients using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis
Authors: Chen Ming-Shan , Jiang Shin-Kuang , Chong Zhi-Yong , Chiang Jou-Wei , Chen Yan-Min , Huang Hsin-Yu , Chen Jui-Chieh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
Hypertension (HTN) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests a close relationship between HTN and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.
Methods
In the present study, we recruited 23 HTN patients and 17 controls matched for demographic characteristics. DNA extracted from fecal samples of patients was subjected to Illumina MiSeq sequencing, targeting the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene for analysis. We compared the diversity and composition of gut microbiota between the two groups.
Results
The α-diversity of gut microbiota in HTN patients was similar to that in the control group. β-diversity analysis showed slight differences in microbial composition between the HTN and control groups. We used Welch's t-test to evaluate the significant difference in the bacterial composition of the top 20 ASVs between the HTN group and the control group, and the results showed that Tyzzerella was significantly increased, while Faecalibacterium was significantly decreased in the HTN group. We also conducted the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the significant differences between the HTN group and the control group at various taxonomic levels (phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species). The results revealed that a significant reduction in the abundance of Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004, Coprobacter, and Alphaproteobacteria in the HTN group compared to the control group. Additionally, Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) results showed significant enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae in the HTN group, whereas Alphaproteobacteria, Lachnospiraceae_UCG_004, and Faecalibacterium dominated in the control group. As Faecalibacterium exhibited lower abundance in the HTN group according to the above results, we performed PCR using Faecalibacterium-specific primers and analyzed their levels through agarose gel electrophoresis, confirming the reduced abundance of Faecalibacterium in the HTN group. In addition, Tax4Fun2 analysis was employed to examine differences in microbial functionality between the HTN group and the control group.
Conclusion
We studied the fecal microbiota of hypertensive population in Taiwan through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and found that Faecalibacterium has a lower abundance in hypertensive patients. This unique alteration in gut microbiota may provide insights into the pathogenesis of HTN and aid in the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Scalable anisotropic vibrations of megascale macromolecules
Authors: Katritch Vsevolod , Lam Jordy Homing , Nakano Aiichiro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The Normal Mode Analysis (NMA) is a standard approach to elucidate the anisotropic vibrations of macromolecules at their folded states, where low-frequency collective motions can reveal rearrangements of domains and changes in the exposed surface of macromolecules. Recent advances in structural biology have enabled the resolution of megascale macromolecules with millions of atoms. However, the calculation of their vibrational modes remains elusive due to the prohibitive cost associated with constructing and diagonalizing the underlying eigenproblem and the current approaches to NMA are not readily adaptable for efficient parallel computing on graphic processing unit (GPU). Here, we present eigenproblem construction and diagonalization approach that implements level-structure bandwidth-reducing algorithms to transform the sparse computation in NMA to a globally-sparse-yet-locally-dense computation, allowing batched tensor products to be most efficiently executed on GPU. We mapped, optimized, and compared several low-complexity Krylov-subspace eigensolvers, supplemented by techniques such as sum decomposition, external explicit deflation and shift-and-inverse, to allow fast GPU-resident calculations. The method allows accurate calculation of the first 64 vibrational modes of the largest structure in PDB (2.4 million atoms) at least 250 times faster than existing methods.
Genome-wide identification of the P450 gene family and their expression analysis during gonad development in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Wang Weili , Zheng Haiqian , He Cheng , Zhang Chuanxu , Zhang Hongkuan , Zheng Huaiping 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene superfamily plays a significant role in various physiological processes, producing different compounds such as hormones, fatty acids, and biomolecules. However, no previous studies identify and explore their roles during gonad development in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). In this study, total of 116 CYP genes were identified and their expression pattern was analyzed for the first time. The relative molecular weights of these CYP genes ranged from 63.52 to 113.41 kDa, and the length of encoded amino acids ranged from 103 to 993. And total of 26 cis-acting elements of these CYP genes was identified by analyzing their upstream sequence of 2000 bp from the transcription start site. GO enrichment analysis showed 16 CYP genes are essential for the metabolism of male and female sex hormones, while KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that 25 CgCYP (Crassostrea gigas CYP gene) genes are crucial for the production of ovarian steroids. Additionally, the expression of CgCYP15, CgCYP18, CgCYP79, and CgCYP87 genes was significantly up-regulated with the gonad development, and 17 CgCYP genes were overexpressed in early gonad development and triploid infertile individuals. The expression levels of specific genes, including CgCYP1, CgCYP15, CgCYP34, CgCYP46, CgCYP69, CgCYP87, CgCYP88, and CgCYP103, were found to be significantly higher in female gonad suggesting their important roles in female gonad development. The results of this study will provide a better understanding of the CYP gene superfamily in the gonad development of Pacific oyster C.gigas.
The Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on The Neurotoxicity of Sevoflurane in Developing Hippocampus Cells
Authors: Adiyeke Esra , Bakan Nurten , Uvez Ayca , Arslan Devrim Oz , KILIC Sima , Koc Berkcan , Ozer Samed , Saatci Ozlem , Armutak Elif Ilkay 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Sevoflurane, a common pediatric anesthetic, has been linked to neurodegeneration, raising safety concerns. This study explored N-acetylcysteine's protective potential against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampi. Four groups were examined: Control: Received 6 hours of 3 l/min gas (air and 30% O2) and intraperitoneal saline. NAC: Received 6 hours of 3 l/min gas and 150mg/kg NAC intraperitoneally. Sev: Exposed to 6 hours of 3 l/min gas and 3% sevoflurane. Sev+NAC: Received 6 hours of 3 l/min gas, 3% sevoflurane, and 150mg/kg NAC. Protein levels of NRF-2, NLRP3, IL-1β, caspase-1, Beclin 1, p62, LC3A, and apoptosis markers were assessed. Sevoflurane and NAC alone reduced autophagy, while Sev+NAC group maintained autophagy levels. Sev group had elevated NRF-2, NLRP3, pNRF2, Caspase-1, and IL-1β, which were reduced in Sev+NAC. Apoptosis was higher in Sev, but Sev+NAC showed reduced apoptosis compared to the control. In summary, sevoflurane induced neurotoxicity in developing hippocampus, which was mitigated by N-acetylcysteine administration.
Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Candida species Isolated from Pregnant Women in ‎Hajjah Governorate, Yemen
Authors: Edrees Wadhah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims: Candida species, opportunistic yeast, are the second most common cause of female vulvovaginal candidiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated Candida species in pregnant women in Hajjah governorate, Yemen.
Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 pregnant women attending Authority AL-Gumhorri Hospital Hajjah between February and July 2023. Vaginal swabs were collected, and Candida species were isolated and identified based on the standard laboratory method. Furthermore, the antifungal drug susceptibility of Candida species was determined by the Kirby-Bauer technique.
Results: The prevalence of vaginal Candida infection among pregnant women was 61.4%. Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida had prevalence rates of 59.26% and 40.74%, respectively. The highest rate of Candida infections was among women aged 24–30 years (71.9%) who finished primary school (77.8%), with the third trimester (80%), multigravida (66.1%), and recurrent infection (67.7%) showing significant differences (P ˂ 0.05). The isolated Candidaspecies revealed susceptibility to ketoconazole (89.7%), amphotericin B (84.8%), miconazole (84.8%), itraconazole (83.5%), and fluconazole (79%). In contrast,30.5% of Candidaspecies were resistant to clotrimazole. Additionally, approximately 46.2% of isolated Candida albicans exhibited one kind of antifungal drug resistance, whereas 38.7% of isolated non-albicans exhibited resistance to three different antifungal agents.
Conclusion: According to the above findings, Candida infection is highly prevalent in Yemen and quite widespread. Interventions in health education are advised to increase women's knowledge of vaginitis and its prevention. The antifungal susceptibility test may also be helpful in determining the best medication for each patient.
Improving childhood immunization service delivery in Cameroon: A synthesis of caregiver experiences and recommendations
Authors: Saidu Yauba , Gu Jessica , Ngenge Budzi Michael , Nchinjoh Sangwe Clovis , Adidja Amani , Edwidge Nnang Nadege , Muteh Nkwain Jude , Zambou Vouking Marius , Mbanga Clarence , Agbor Valirie Ndip , Ousmane Diaby , Njoh Andreas Ateke , Flegere Junie , Diack Demba , Wiwa Owens , Montomoli Emmanuele , Clemens Sue Ann Costa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: A ‘people-centered’ approach is one of the core principles of the immunization agenda (IA) 2030 and emphasizes the need for services to be organized around the needs and expectations of individuals and the community. A better understanding of the immunization experience from the client’s perspective is key to guiding design of policies and interventions aimed at improving immunization delivery and coverage.This study provides a synthesis of the immunization experiences of children’s caregivers in Cameroon, highlighting potential barriers for timely and complete immunization.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, targeting caregivers of children brought to selected health facilities for immunization in all ten regions of Cameroon. Using structured questionnaires, data were collected from caregivers and analyzed using STATA version 13.
Results: In total, 1,230 caregivers were interviewed in 265 health facilities. The median age of participants was 27 years and the median number of children per caregiver was two children. Most (87%) of the study participants reported to be satisfied with immunization service delivery. The median waiting time for vaccination was 1 hour 48 minutes, with regional median waiting times ranging from 18 minutes in the South region to 4 hours 6 minutes in the North region. About a quarter (24%) of surveyed participants reported to have presented to a health facility for immunization services and were turned away without achieving the purpose for which they came at least once. About half (48%) of the caregivers had never heard about planned vaccination activities in their communities
Conclusion: While most caregivers appeared to be satisfied with immunization service delivery in Cameroon, our study highlights some notable caregiver concerns which if addressed, may go a long way to enhance the immunization experience of caregivers in Cameroon, build trust in immunization services and thus improve vaccination uptake.