bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrien – Funktion und funktionelle
Störungen
Authors: Müller Kurt E. 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungMitochondrien sind Ort der ATP-Synthese, haben Funktionen im Abwehrsystem und
produzieren Pregnenolon als Ausgangssubstanz der Sexualhormone. Bei
unzureichender Regeneration des verbrauchten ATP kommt es zu energetischer
Erschöpfung und Manifestation depressiver Symptomatik durch
Überlastung der neuroendokrinen Stressachse. Mögliche Ursachen
sind andauernder Stress, chronische Entzündungen und Umweltschadstoffe,
die die Atmungskette beeinträchtigen und Membranen schädigen.
Oxidativer und nitrosativer Stress haben protektive Bedeutung, können
bei langer Dauer aber dem Organismus schaden. Die Beatmung von
COVID-19-Patienten bewirkt durch die Sauerstoffzufuhr einen nicht mehr
kontrollierbaren oxidativen Stress, der wahrscheinlich zum Tod durch
Mitochondriopathie führt.
Can the ACL Cross-Sectional Area Be Predicted? Size Correlation and Proportion between the ACL Cross-Sectional Area and the Femoral Intercondylar Notch Area
Authors: Iriuchishima Takanori , Goto Bunsei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to reveal the correlation and proportion between the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) cross-sectional area and the femoral intercondylar notch area. Sixty-three subjects (33 female and 30 male) less than 50 years old were included in this study. All subjects complained of knee pain, although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no structural damage of the knee. Using the T2 axial slice of the MRI perpendicular to the bone shaft, the ACL cross-sectional area and the femoral intercondylar notch area were measured. Measurements were made at the most proximal (S1), ⅓ (S2), ⅔ (S3), and the most distal (S4) Blumensaat's line levels. The correlation and the proportion between the ACL cross-sectional area and the notch area were calculated. The ACL cross-sectional area was: S1: 35.9 ± 10mm2, S2: 59.9 ± 14mm2, S3: 67.2 ± 19.5mm2, and S4: 70.7 ± 20.3mm2. The notch area was: S1: 215.5 ± 43mm2, S2: 311.8 ± 65mm2, S3: 453.8 ± 86mm2, and S4: 503.7 ± 99.8mm2. The ACL cross-sectional area and the notch area were found to be significantly correlated at the S3 (Pearson's coefficient correlation: 0.510, p = 0.000) and S4 (Pearson's coefficient correlation: 0.529, p = 0.000) levels. The proportion of the ACL cross-sectional area to the notch area was 15% in S3 and 14% in S4. The ACL cross-sectional area was found to be significantly correlated with the femoral intercondylar notch area at the distal level of the Blumensaat's line. The ACL cross-sectional area was found to be approximately 15% of the notch area. The ACL cross-sectional area can be predicted by measuring the femoral intercondylar notch area. This finding can be useful for achieving greater accuracy in anatomical ACL reconstruction.
Level of Evidence III.
How many Latino studies programs are there? Tracking departmental growth, stagnation, and invisibility 1960–2020
Authors: Mora G. Cristina , Vargas Nicholas , Cedillo Dominic 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study provides the first systematic analysis of the founding and growth of Latino studies programs across the country. Drawing on a unique data set compiled from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), we show that even though Latinos now constitute close to 20% of the US population, less than 4% of all four-year colleges and universities have an established Latino studies program. Most Latino studies programs/departments in existence today were founded in the 1960s and 1970s, during the height of the Chicano and Puerto Rican youth movements. Since then, the rate of new program establishment has fallen considerably, despite substantial growth in the Latino college student population and Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs). Of the small number of programs founded since 2000, we find that nearly half have one or fewer core faculty allocated to them, and most are at private schools. Beyond tracking growth rates, we also provide insight into how Latino studies programs represent themselves on their websites and find a significant decline in racial and social justice discourse in recently established programs. Overall, the data shows that Latino studies departmental/programmatic growth is tenuous at best. Implications for understanding Latino public knowledge, the Latino academic pipeline, and the future of ethnic and racial relations more generally are discussed.
Chinese Aid Projects and Local Tax Attitudes: Evidence from Africa
Authors: Adera Abreham 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe provision of Chinese aid to Africa is characterized by a policy of minimal conditions, whereby aid is extended to African leaders in response to their requests. This approach may afford African leaders greater discretion in expediting the implementation of Chinese aid projects. However, it also renders Chinese aid vulnerable to corruption, as leaders may exploit it to secure political favor for a specific region without the need to adjust government tax and spending policies. Such a characteristic of Chinese aid projects may ultimately shape local attitudes towards taxation and, thereby, influence state–society relations. This paper puts this claim to an empirical test using data from the Afrobarometer surveys and the AidData. The results indicate that exposure to Chinese aid projects creates negative perceptions among citizens regarding the state’s tax enforcement behavior. Interestingly, the study also reveals a positive association between Chinese aid and tax morale or compliance among citizens residing around Chinese aid projects. Noteworthily, these results are confined only to less democratic settings. A similar analysis for World Bank aid projects does not exhibit such a relationship. The findings suggest a tradeoff associated with Chinese aid. On the one hand, it promotes compliance among beneficiaries. On the other hand, it engenders weak tax enforcement perceptions. The implication is that if the negative consequences outweigh the positive ones, Chinese aid has the potential to undermine the government’s reputation for fiscal responsibility, which in turn poses challenges to the development of state capacity through robust fiscal contracts.
Treatment with the immunocontraceptive vaccine, GonaCon, induces temporary fertility control in free-ranging prairie dog populations in Colorado, USA
Authors: Shiels Aaron B. , Runte Jackson , Ruell Emily W. , Eckery Douglas C. , Witmer Gary W. , Salkeld Daniel J. 
Published: July 2023

Context Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) are rodents enjoyed by some humans; yet, they cause crop and property damage, and carry zoonotic disease. Non-lethal control of prairie dogs is of interest in urban/suburban settings. The injectable immunocontraceptive vaccine GonaCon (active ingredient is gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH]) has been shown to be effective at reducing fertility in equine and deer, and is a US EPA-registered vaccine for use in these ungulate species. Aims To conduct a replicated field study to test efficacy of GonaCon in black-tailed prairie dogs (C. ludovicianus), and if found to be efficacious, to help facilitate the EPA registration of this product for prairie dog management in urban/suburban areas. Methods Prairie dogs were live-trapped in October–December 2018 in three treatment and three control sites. Every captured female ≥660 g was injected with 0.4 mL of either GonaCon (0.032% w/w GnRH) at treatment sites or a sham vaccine (absent of GnRH) at control sites. Juveniles and adults were counted at all six sites to establish juvenile:adult (ratio) and juvenile density in May–June 2019 (determining initial GonaCon effectiveness) and 2020 (determining persistence of contraception). Key results In 2019, the juvenile:adult ratio was significantly reduced (P = 0.0022) in GonaCon (mean ± s.e.: 0.23 ± 0.01) relative to the sham (1.10 ± 0.58) sites. Juvenile density was three times greater in sham than GonaCon sites. In 2020, GonaCon sites produced equal offspring to nearby sham sites. Conclusions GonaCon is highly effective during the first year (2019) but not in the second year (2020) if only a small area (0.6–2.8 ha) or small proportion of females in a colony is treated, such as was undertaken in this study. Implications In 2022, GonaCon−Prairie Dogs was EPA-registered. Treating whole colonies of prairie dogs at once is favoured; yet, if small or partial colony treatment is desired, then annual GonaCon treatment may be needed.
Endowing smart self-reporting epoxy composites with superior electrical properties from ultralow-content electron-donating encapsulated microsensors
Authors: Gao Jian , Wu Kangning , Zhang Zhuolin , Li Jianying , Li Shengtao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Smart self-reporting dielectrics (SRDs) have been extensively utilized for intelligentizing and miniaturizing next-generation advanced electrical and electronic devices. However, switchable structures towards the self-reporting function commonly damage electrical properties, severely undermining the reliability and practicality of SRDs. Herein, the smart self-reporting function and superior electrical properties are simultaneously achieved by incorporating ultralow content microsensors with electron-donating encapsulation into the epoxy matrix. The microsensor is a leuco dye system for self-reporting temperature anomalies through thermochromism. The strong electron-donating melamine–formaldehyde encapsulation of microsensors serves to confine the switchable structures and enhance electrical properties by constructing the interfacial barrier effect through triboelectrification. Under an ultralow doping content of 0.5 phr, the electrical conductivity of SRDs is considerably reduced by about 80% at the elevated temperature of 80 °C compared to that of the widely recognized epoxy insulation. The reduction efficiency is far superior to those of numerous micro- and nanofillers. The interfacial barrier effect can be supported by the significantly reduced trapped charge density and trap levels in SRDs based on thermal stimulated depolarization current results. Consequently, the charge injection and transport in SRDs can be distinctly inhibited, realizing the enhancement of electrical properties. The results of this study could provide a facile and efficient strategy for achieving high-performance SRDs, which is appealing and vital for widespread applications of SRDs.
The influence of annealing atmosphere on sputtered indium oxide thin-film transistors
Authors: Xiao Na , Yuvaraja Saravanan , Chettri Dhanu , Liu Zhiyuan , Lu Yi , Liao Chehao , Tang Xiao , Li Xiaohang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Indium oxide (In2O3) thin films sputtered at room temperature were annealed under different atmospheres and examined for thin-film transistor (TFT) active channel applications. The annealing process was performed in a rapid thermal annealing system at 350 °C under O2, Ar, forming gas (FG, 96% N2/4% H2), and N2. It was found that the annealed In2O3 TFTs exhibited high field-effect mobility (μ
FE > 40 cm2 V−1s−1), high on/off current ratio (I
on/off∼ 108), and controlled threshold voltage (V
TH) for the enhancement- and depletion-mode operations. Note that the annealing atmosphere has a significant effect on the electrical performance of the In2O3 TFTs by inducing changes in oxygen-related species, particularly oxygen vacancies (VO) and hydroxyl/carbonate species (O–H/C–O). For the O2-, Ar-, FG-, and N2-annealed TFTs, μ
FE was in increasing order accompanied by a negative shift in V
TH, which is a result attributed to the larger VO in the In2O3 thin films. Furthermore, the ΔV
TH of the FG-, and N2-annealed TFTs in a positive bias stress test was greater than that of the O2-, Ar-annealed devices, attributing to their lower density of O–H/C–O groups in the In2O3 thin films. Our results suggest that the annealing atmosphere contributes to the internal modifications of the In2O3 structure and in turn altered the electrical characteristics of TFTs. These annealed In2O3 TFTs with high performance are promising candidates for realizing large-area, transparent, and high-resolution displays.
Higher order topology in a Creutz ladder
Authors: Lahiri Srijata , Basu Saurabh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A Creutz ladder, is a quasi one dimensional system hosting robust topological phases with localized edge modes protected by different symmetries such as inversion, chiral and particle-hole symmetries. Non-trivial topology is observed in a large region of the parameter space defined by the horizontal, diagonal and vertical hopping amplitudes and a transverse magnetic flux that threads through the ladder. In this work, we investigate higher order topology in a two dimensional extrapolated version of the Creutz ladder. To explore the topological phases, we consider two different configurations, namely a torus (periodic boundary) and a ribbon (open boundary) to look for hints of gap closing phase transitions. We also associate suitable topological invariants to characterize the non-trivial sectors. Further, we find that the resultant phase diagram hosts two different topological phases, one where the higher order topological excitations are realized in the form of robust corner modes, along with (usual) first order excitations demonstrated via the presence of edge modes in a finite lattice, for the other.
Optical nonreciprocity in multilayer nanoisland systems of [Ag–Al2O3]
N
Authors: Noskova D , Pudonin F , Sherstnev I , Kostsov D , Boltaev A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the effect of optical nonreciprocity in [Ag–Al2O3]
N
multilayer structures. The percolation threshold for Ag films was found to be

d
∗

≈
2

nm

. An anomalously large optical nonreciprocity effect was found in the structures with Ag island layers. This effect appeared as a change in the reflected light polarization (

Δ
ω

) when the sample was rotated around its axis from the initial position by 180∘. The effect magnitude reached

Δ

ω

m
a
x

≈

7

∘

. We suggest that a possible mechanism for the optical nonreciprocity effect in these structures can be related to the excitation of localized plasmons in Ag islands. We show that

Δ
ω

essentially depends on the interlayer and intralayer interaction between Ag layers in multilayer structures and is suppressed in the case of strong intralayer and interlayer interaction of plasma oscillations.
High accuracy detection technique for information data under the influence of multiple factors based on fractional partial differential equations
Authors: Yanhong Zuo , Hua Cheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In engineering practice, several factors affect the various types of information during the collection process. For example, information data measurement errors are caused by equipment performance and the working environment. During the transmission of detection information, signal distortion caused by energy loss and signal interference causes unpredictable detection errors in collected data. Through the study of fractional calculus theory, it was found that it is suitable for studying nonlinear, noncausal, and nonstationary signals, and has the dual functions of improving detection information and enhancing signal strength. Therefore, under the influence of many factors, we applied the fractional difference algorithm to the field of information-data processing. A multisensor detection data fusion algorithm based on the fractional partial differential equation was adopted to establish online detection data. A multi-sensor detection data fusion algorithm based on a fractional partial differential equation was established, which effectively fuses the information data detection errors caused by various influencing factors and significantly improves the detection accuracy of information data. The effectiveness of this method was experimentally demonstrated by its application.
Effect of dual sintering with laser irradiation and thermal treatment on printed copper nanoparticle patterns
Authors: Chowdhury Rajib , Young Karl , Poche Thomas J , Jang Seonhee 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The dual sintering of copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) was introduced to produce conductive patterns suitable for flexible electronics applications. In this method, laser irradiation using a Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm was performed at laser powers of 400, 600 and 800 mJ. The laser irradiation time was 15 and 30 s for each laser power. After laser irradiation, all of the Cu NP patterns were thermally sintered under formic acid vapors. The temperature and time for thermal treatment were selected as 260 °C and 15 min, respectively. The resultant physical, chemical, electrical and mechanical properties were evaluated and compared considering the six different dual sintering conditions. The Cu NP patterns sintered using 800 mJ for 30 s showed increased necking and coalescence compared to the other patterns and featured a microstructure with increased density. Despite being oxidized, the Cu NP patterns sintered with 800 mJ for 30 s showed the lowest electrical resistivity of 11.25 μΩ cm. The surface of every sintered Cu pattern was oxidized, and mechanical hardness increased with increasing laser power. The Cu NP pattern sintered with 800 mJ for 30 s demonstrated the highest hardness of 48.64 N mm−2. After sintering using the six different conditions, the Cu NP patterns exhibited a weight loss of 0.02–3.87 wt%, and their roughness varied in the range of 26.15–74.08 nm. This can be attributed to the effective removal of organic residues and the degree of particle agglomeration. After performing folding tests up to 50 cycles, Cu NP patterns showed an upward trend in resistance with increasing laser power and time. The highest and lowest resistance ratios were observed as 3.97 and 17.24 for the patterns sintered at 400 mJ for 15 s and 800 mJ for 30 s, respectively.
DPAM-PSPNet: ultrasonic image segmentation of thyroid nodule based on dual-path attention mechanism
Authors: Wang Shuhuan , Li Zhiqing , Liao Lingmin , Zhang Chunquan , Zhao Jiali , Sang Liang , Qian Wei , Pan GuangYao , Huang Long , Ma He 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Deep learning has demonstrated its versatility in the medical field, particularly in medical image segmentation, image classification, and other forms of automated diagnostics. The clinical diagnosis of thyroid nodules requires radiologists to locate nodules, diagnose conditions based on nodule boundaries, textures and their experience. This task is labor-intensive and tiring; therefore, an automated system for accurate thyroid nodule segmentation is essential. In this study, a model named DPAM-PSPNet was proposed, which automatically segments nodules in thyroid ultrasound images and enables to segment malignant nodules precisely. Approach. In this paper, accurate segmentation of nodule edges is achieved by introducing the dual path attention mechanism (DPAM) in PSPNet. In one channel, it captures global information with a lightweight cross-channel interaction mechanism. In other channel, it focus on nodal margins and surrounding information through the residual bridge network. We also updated the integrated loss function to accommodate the DPAM-PSPNet. Main results. The DPAM-PSPNet was tested against the classical segmentation model. Ablation experiments were designed for the two-path attention mechanism and the new loss function, and generalization experiments were designed on the public dataset. Our experimental results demonstrate that DPAM-PSPNet outperforms other existing methods in various evaluation metrics. In the model comparison experiments, it achieved performance with an mIOU of 0.8675, mPA of 0.9357, mPrecision of 0.9202, and Dice coefficient of 0.9213. Significance. The DPAM-PSPNet model can segment thyroid nodules in ultrasound images with little training data and generate accurate boundary regions for these nodules.
Demonstration of machine-learning-enhanced Bayesian quantum state estimation
Authors: Lohani Sanjaya , Lukens Joseph M , Davis Atiyya A , Khannejad Amirali , Regmi Sangita , Jones Daniel E , Glasser Ryan T , Searles Thomas A , Kirby Brian T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) has found broad applicability in quantum information science in topics as diverse as experimental design, state classification, and even studies on quantum foundations. Here, we experimentally realize an approach for defining custom prior distributions that are automatically tuned using ML for Bayesian quantum state estimation methods that generally better conform to the physical properties of the underlying system than standard fixed prior distributions. Previously, researchers have looked to Bayesian quantum state tomography for advantages like uncertainty quantification, the return of reliable estimates under any measurement condition, and minimal mean-squared error. However, practical challenges related to long computation times and conceptual issues concerning how to incorporate prior knowledge most suitably can overshadow these benefits. Using both simulated and experimental measurement results, we demonstrate that ML-defined prior distributions reduce net convergence times and provide a natural way to incorporate both implicit and explicit information directly into the prior distribution. These results constitute a promising path toward practical implementations of Bayesian quantum state tomography.
Trans-Planckian effect in f(R) cosmology
Authors: Cheraghchi S , Shojai F , Abbassi M H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Apart from the assumption that the inflation started at an infinite time in the past, the more realistic initial state of the quantum fluctuations is described by a mixed quantum state imposed at a finite value of the initial time. One of the most important non-trivial vacua is the α-vacuum, which is specified by a momentum cutoff Λ U H Danielsson (2002 Phys. Rev. D
66, 023511). As a consequence, the initial condition is imposed at different initial times for the different k-modes. This modifies the amplitude of the quantum fluctuations, and thus the corresponding power spectra. In this paper, we consider the imprint of the α-vacuum state on the power spectrum of scalar perturbations in a generic f(R) gravity by assuming an ultraviolet cutoff Λ. As a specific model, we consider the Starobinsky model and find the trans-Planckian power spectrum. We find that the leading order corrections to the scalar power spectra in f(R) gravity have an oscillatory behavior as in general relativity C Armendáriz-Picón, Eugene A Lim, (2003 JCAP
12 006), and furthermore, the results are in sufficient agreement with the ΛCDM model.
Thermal production of massless dark photons
Authors: Salvio Alberto 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A dark photon is predicted by several well-motivated Standard Model extensions and UV completions. Here the most general effective field theory up to dimension-six operators
describing the interactions of a massless dark photon with all Standard Model particles is considered. This captures the predictions of a generic model featuring this type of vector boson at sufficiently low energies. In such framework the thermal production rate of dark photons
is computed at leading order, including the contributions of all SM particles. The corresponding cosmological yield of the dark photon and its contribution to the effective number of neutrinos are also calculated. These predictions satisfy the current observational bounds and will be tested by future measurements.