bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartwatch-derived heart rate variability: a head-to-head comparison with the gold standard in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Theurl Fabian , Schreinlechner Michael , Sappler Nikolay , Toifl Michael , Dolejsi Theresa , Hofer Florian , Massmann Celine , Steinbring Christian , Komarek Silvia , Mölgg Kurt , Dejakum Benjamin , Böhme Christian , Kirchmair Rudolf , Reinstadler Sebastian , Bauer Axel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to investigate the concordance between heart rate variability (HRV) derived from the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal of a commercially available smartwatch compared with the gold-standard high-resolution electrocardiogram (ECG)-derived HRV in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods and results
We prospectively enrolled 104 survivors of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, 129 patients after an ischaemic stroke, and 30 controls. All subjects underwent simultaneous recording of a smartwatch (Garmin vivoactive 4; Garmin Ltd, Olathe, KS, USA)-derived PPG signal and a high-resolution (1000 Hz) ECG for 30 min under standardized conditions. HRV measures in time and frequency domain, non-linear measures, as well as deceleration capacity (DC) were calculated according to previously published technologies from both signals. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) between smartwatch-derived and ECG-based HRV markers was used as a measure of diagnostic accuracy. A very high concordance within the whole study cohort was observed for the mean heart rate (ρc = 0.9998), standard deviation of the averages of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals in all 5min segments (SDANN; ρc = 0.9617), and very low frequency power (VLF power; ρc = 0.9613). In contrast, detrended fluctuation analysis (DF-α1; ρc = 0.5919) and the square mean root of the sum of squares of adjacent NN-interval differences (rMSSD; ρc = 0.6617) showed only moderate concordance.

Conclusion
Smartwatch-derived HRV provides a practical alternative with excellent accuracy compared with ECG-based HRV for global markers and those characterizing lower frequency components. However, caution is warranted with HRV markers that predominantly assess short-term variability.
The Paris Peace Conference and Cultural Reparations after the First World War
Authors: Irish Tomás 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The First World War was marked by cultural destruction that violated international law and outraged international audiences. This article examines the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the five post-war treaties (Versailles, Saint-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres) to explore how these issues were resolved in the post-war settlements. Rather than focusing solely on the substance of the treaties, the article examines the process through which they were negotiated, paying particular attention to the crucial role played by lobbyists such as museum directors, writers and politicians. It sets these negotiations in the wider context of the contemporary discourse about cultural destruction.
The article asserts that the cultural provisions of the post-war treaties sit at the intersection of two key issues in post-war peacemaking: self-determination and reparations. Many states presented claims for the return of cultural objects or compensation for cultural destruction as essential to their national restoration after the war. Cultural claims generally appeared in the treaties’ reparation clauses and their enactment was inherited by the post-war Inter-Allied Reparation Commission.
The article argues that the post-war treaties demonstrate the dominance of the cultural claims of Western allies over those of eastern Europe and colonial settings. They also demonstrate a tension between a belief in universal civilisation and the claims of nation states to ownership of cultural property, which was most apparent in cases involving the dissolution of the Habsburg and Ottoman empires. Fundamentally, the decisions reached were often arbitrary rather than being guided by consistent principles or norms.
Acute type A aortic dissection in adolescents and young adults under 30 years of age: demographics, aetiology and postoperative outcomes of 139 cases
Authors: Luehr Maximilian , Yildiz Murat , Ma Wei-Guo , Heck Roland , Polycarpou Andreas , Jassar Arminder , Kreibich Maximilian , Dohle Daniel-Sebastian , Weiss Gabriel , Hagl Christian , Rega Filip , Schachner Thomas , Martens Andreas , Della Corte Alessandro , Osada Hiroaki , Sun Li-Zhong , Tsagakis Konstantinos , Schoenhoff Florian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The prevalence and aetiology of acute aortic dissection type A (AADA) in patients ≤30 years is unknown. The aims of this clinical study were to determine the prevalence and potential aetiology of AADA in surgically treated patients ≤30 years and to evaluate the respective postoperative outcomes in this selective group of patients in a large multicentre study.

METHODS
Retrospective data collection was performed at 16 participating international aortic institutions. All patients ≤30 years at the time of dissection onset were included. The postoperative results were analysed with regard to connective tissue disease (CTD).

RESULTS
The overall prevalence of AADA ≤30 years was 1.8% (139 out of 7914 patients), including 51 (36.7%) patients who were retrospectively diagnosed with CTD. Cumulative postoperative mortality was 8.6%, 2.2% and 1.4%. Actuarial survival was 80% at 10 years postoperatively. Non-CTD patients (n = 88) had a significantly higher incidence of arterial hypertension (46.6% vs 9.8%; P &lt; 0.001) while AADA affected the aortic root (P &lt; 0.001) and arch (P = 0.029) significantly more often in the CTD group. A positive family history of aortic disease was present in 9.4% of the study cohort (n = 13).

CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of AADA in surgically treated patients ≤30 years is &lt;2% with CTD and arterial hypertension as the 2 most prevalent triggers of AADA. Open surgery may be performed with good early results and excellent mid- to long-term outcomes.
Effects of HMW-GS Dx2 absence on the protein aggregation characteristics and thermal stability of wheat flour during maturation
Authors: Zhao Liye , Song Lijun , Li Liqun , Li Xuejun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Wheat flour maturation affects the aggregation and structural stability of proteins. The number of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) differs in various wheat varieties. The effects of Dx2 absence on the protein aggregation characteristics and thermal stability of flour were investigated during 120 d of maturation using near-isogenic lines (NILs).

Results
The absence of Dx2 delayed and decreased the protein aggregation of flours during maturation, i.e. the maturation-induced increases were later and smaller for glutenin, glutenin macropolymer (GMP), glutenin/gliadin ratio, β-sheets, and β-sheet/α-helix ratio in HMW-D1a without Dx2 than in HMW-D1p with Dx2; these differences were ascribed to the weaker interactions between the sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, disulfide bonds (-S-S-), and hydrophobicity in the flours without Dx2. Flour maturation caused the dough microstructures to be more compact and denser, thereby increasing the flour thermal stability as observed by a higher denaturation peak temperature (Tp), enthalpy of thermal transition (ΔH), and degradation temperature (Td), These changes led to better dough properties such as dough development time, dough stability time, and protein weakening, but the optimal stage in HMW-D1a without Dx2 was reached later.

Conclusion
These findings deepen the understanding of how HMW-GS Dx2 modifies protein structures during flour maturation.
Combined metabolomics and tandem machine-learning models for wound age estimation: a novel analytical strategy
Authors: Cao Jie , An Guoshuai , Li Jian , Wang Liangliang , Ren Kang , Du Qiuxiang , Yun Keming , Wang Yingyuan , Sun Junhong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract Wound age estimation is one of the most challenging and indispensable issues for forensic pathologists. Although many methods based on physical findings and biochemical tests can be used to estimate wound age, an objective and reliable method for inferring the time interval after injury remains difficult. In the present study, endogenous metabolites of contused skeletal muscle were investigated to estimate the time interval after injury. Animal model of skeletal muscle injury was established using Sprague–Dawley rat, and the contused muscles were sampled at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 h postcontusion (n = 9). Then, the samples were analysed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. A total of 43 differential metabolites in contused muscle were determined by metabolomics method. They were applied to construct a two-level tandem prediction model for wound age estimation based on multilayer perceptron algorithm. As a result, all muscle samples were eventually divided into the following subgroups: 4, 8, 12, 16–20, 24–32, 36–40, and 44–48 h. The tandem model exhibited a robust performance and achieved a prediction accuracy of 92.6%, which was much higher than that of the single model. In summary, the multilayer perceptron–multilayer perceptron tandem machine-learning model based on metabolomics data can be used as a novel strategy for wound age estimation in future forensic casework.Key Points
Trotter and Gleser’s (1958) equations outperform Trotter and Gleser’s (1952) equations in stature estimation of the US White males
Authors: Jeong Yangseung , Taylor Rebecca J , Jung Yochun , Woo Eun Jin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Trotter and Gleser presented two sets of stature estimation equations for the US White males in their 1952 and 1958 studies. Following Trotter’s suggestion favouring the 1952 equations simply due to the smaller standard errors, the 1958 equations have been seldom used and have gone without additional systematic validation tests. This study aims to assess the performance of the Trotter and Gleser 1952, Trotter and Gleser 1958, and FORDISC equations for the White males in a quantitative and systematic way, particularly when applied to the WWII and Korean War casualties. In sum, 27 equations (7 from the 1952 study, 10 from the 1958 study, and 10 from FORDISC) were applied to the osteometric data of 240 accounted-for White male casualties of the WWII and Korean War. Then, the bias, accuracy, and Bayes factor for each set of stature estimates were calculated. The results show that, overall, Trotter and Gleser’s 1958 equations outperform the 1952 and FORDISC equations in terms of all three measures. Particularly, the equations with higher Bayes factors produced stature estimates where distributions were closer to that of the reported statures than those with lower Bayes factors. When considering Bayes factors, the best performing equation was the “Radius” equation from the 1958 study (BF = 15.34) followed by the “Humerus+Radius” equation from FORDISC (BF = 14.42) and the “Fibula” equation from the 1958 study (BF = 13.82). The results of this study will provide researchers and practitioners applying the Trotter and Gleser stature estimation method with a practical guide for equation selection.

Key Points
The (mis)uses of community: a critical analysis of public health communication for COVID-19 vaccination in the United States
Authors: Sastry Shaunak , Siegenthaler Bianca , Mukherjee Parameswari , Abdul Raheem Sabena , Basu Ambar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Community engagement is heralded as a panacea for the inherent political challenges of public health governance. For COVID-19 vaccination planning in the United States, appeals for community engagement emerged in response to the disproportionate mortality and morbidity burdens on marginalized groups and as a bulwark against a political climate of vaccine hesitancy, scientific disinformation, and mistrust of public health. In this article, we use a culture-centered analytical framework to critique the discursive construct of “community” within public health documents that discuss community engagement strategies for COVID-19 vaccination. Through a critical-abductive analysis of more than 400 state public health department documents, we recognized the diverse axes on which appeals to the community are framed. Our findings show that the construct of “community” refers to both a material/tangible space marked by discursive struggle and one containing a moral economy of responsibility. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of conceptualizing community in these ways.
Health promoting sports clubs: from theoretical model to logic model
Authors: Van Hoye Aurélie , Lane Aoife , Dowd Kieran , Seghers Jan , Donaldson Alex , Ooms Linda , Kokko Sami , Geidne Susanna 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA recent literature review indicated that the settings-based approach, as it is applied to sports clubs, is poorly understood and not well implemented. The current study builds on the health promoting sports clubs (HPSC) theoretical model as a basis for a settings-based approach in the sports setting and proposes a logic model to develop and evaluate HPSC in practice. The logic model was established through qualitative, iterative methods in the form of six meetings with eight experts in the field. Qualitative thematic coding was conducted on notes taken and contributions during and between meetings. The results describe a best-practice logic model of HPSC, including inputs, activities, outcomes and impacts at each HPSC level, while case studies illustrate the interactions between levels. Results indicate that a HPSC can have an impact at each level, from individual health to social and community capital. For a sports club, the logic model helps to define how the club’s board or management committee can set the conditions for club managers and coaches to support members’ health. External stakeholders to clubs are also recognized for their key responsibility in providing different types of resources to support sports clubs to be health promoting. Future research should focus on monitoring and evaluating at each level, including empirical testing system interactions as a whole and interactions across levels.
Humoral and Cellular Immunity Induced by Adjuvanted and Standard Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in Older Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Smith Carson L , Bednarchik Beth , Aung Htin , Wilk Dennis J , Boxer Rebecca S , Daddato Andrea E , Wilson Brigid M , Gravenstein Stefan , Canaday David H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite wide use of adjuvanted influenza vaccine in nursing home residents (NHR), little immunogenicity data exist for this population.

Methods
We collected blood from NHR (n = 85) living in nursing homes participating in a cluster randomized clinical trial comparing MF59-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (aTIV) with nonadjuvanted vaccine (TIV) (parent trial, NCT02882100). NHR received either vaccine during the 2016–2017 influenza season. We assessed cellular and humoral immunity using flow cytometry and hemagglutinin inhibition, antineuraminidase (enzyme-linked lectin assay), and microneutralization assays.

Results
Both vaccines were similarly immunogenic and induced antigen-specific antibodies and T cells, but aTIV specifically induced significantly larger 28 days after vaccination (D28) titers against A/H3N2 neuraminidase than TIV.

Conclusions
NHRs respond immunologically to TIV and aTIV. From these data, the larger aTIV-induced antineuraminidase response at D28 may help explain the increased clinical protection observed in the parent clinical trial for aTIV over TIV in NHR during the A/H3N2-dominant 2016–2017 influenza season. Additionally, a decline back to prevaccination titers at 6 months after vaccination emphasizes the importance of annual vaccination against influenza.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02882100.
Morphological Covariance and Onset of Foot Prehensility as Indicators of Integrated Evolutionary Dynamics in the Herons (Ardeidae)
Authors: Riegner M F , Bassar R D 
Published: March 2023

SynopsisThe ultimate form an organism attains is based, in part, on the rate and timing of developmental trajectories and on compensatory relationships between morphological traits. For example, there is often an inverse correlation between the relative size of an organism's head and the length of its legs. Avian examples with a disproportionately small head and long legs include ostriches (Struthionidae), flamingos (Phoenicopteridae), cranes (Gruidae), and stilts (Recurvirostridae). To determine whether a possible compensatory relationship exists between relative head size and hind-limb length in a typically long-legged family of birds—the Ardeidae—we measured and analyzed skull dimensions (length, width, and height of cranium, and bill length) and skeletal hind-limb dimensions (femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus) of the 12 North American species (north of Mexico) and of 12 additional taxa, including the morphologically divergent Agamia and Cochlearius. We found that Ardea species exhibit the smallest relative head sizes associated with the longest legs, while Butorides, Nycticorax, Nyctanassa, and Cochlearius have among the largest heads relative to hind-limb length. Furthermore, both positive and negative allometries occur in paired comparisons between the three hind-limb bones, expressed in tall morphotypes having disproportionately short femurs while short-legged morphotypes exhibit disproportionately long femurs; we show that this relationship has implications for foraging behavior. Moreover, the nestlings of short-legged herons exhibit functional precociality of the hind limbs through an early onset of prehensile ability of the feet to grasp branches, which is later expressed in adult foraging mode. This developmentally accelerated prehensile function in small-bodied species may be attributed, in part, to selection for predator avoidance in the early nestling stage.
Impact ofompk36genotype and KPC subtype on thein vitroactivity of ceftazidime/avibactam, imipenem/relebactam and meropenem/vaborbactam against KPC-producingK. pneumoniaeclinical isolates
Authors: Rogers Tara M , Kline Ellen G , Griffith Marissa P , Jones Chelsea E , Rubio Abigail M , Squires Kevin M , Shields Ryan K 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe availability of new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam and imipenem/relebactam have redefined contemporary treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) infections. We aimed to characterize and contrast the in vitro activity of these agents against genetically diverse KPC-Kp clinical isolates.MethodsWe analysed genomes of 104 non-consecutive KPC-Kp isolates and compared the in vitro antibiotic activity by KPC subtype and ompK36 genotype. MICs were determined in triplicate by CLSI methods. Twenty representative isolates were selected for time–kill analyses against physiological steady-state and trough concentrations, as well as 4× MIC for each agent.ResultsFifty-eight percent and 42% of isolates harboured KPC-2 and KPC-3, respectively. OmpK36 mutations were more common among KPC-2- compared with KPC-3-producing Kp (P &lt; 0.0001); mutations were classified as IS5 insertion, glycine-aspartic acid insertion at position 134 (GD duplication) and other mutations. Compared to isolates with WT ompK36, ceftazidime/avibactam, imipenem/relebactam and meropenem/vaborbactam MICs were elevated for isolates with IS5 by 2-, 4- and 16-fold, respectively (P &lt; 0.05 for each). Against isolates with GD duplication, imipenem/relebactam and meropenem/vaborbactam MICs were increased, but ceftazidime/avibactam MICs were not. In time–kill studies, ceftazidime/avibactam-mediated killing correlated with ceftazidime/avibactam MICs, and did not vary across ompK36 genotypes. Imipenem/relebactam was not bactericidal against any isolate at trough concentrations. At steady-state imipenem/relebactam concentrations, regrowth occurred more commonly for isolates with IS5 mutations. Log-kills were lower in the presence of meropenem/vaborbactam for isolates with GD duplication compared with IS5 mutations.ConclusionsOur investigation identified key genotypes that attenuate, to varying degrees, the in vitro activity for each of the new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors. Additional studies are needed to translate the importance of these observations into clinical practice.
Role of previous systemic antibiotic therapy on the probability of recurrence after an initial episode of Clostridioides difficile infection treated with vancomycin
Authors: Merchante Nicolás , Herrero Rocío , Valverde-Fredet María Dolores , Rodríguez-Fernández Miguel , Pinargote Héctor , Martínez-Marcos Francisco J , Gil-Anguita Concepción , García-López María , Tasias Pitarch María , Abril López De Medrano Vicente , Navarrete Lorite Miguel Nicolás , Gómez-Ayerbe Cristina , León Eva , González-De La Aleja Pilar , Ruiz Castillo Ana , Aller Ana I , Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Ternero Fonseca Julia , Corzo Juan E , Naranjo Pérez Alberto , Trigo-Rodríguez Marta , Merino Esperanza 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the role of previous antibiotic therapy in the risk of recurrence after a Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) treated with vancomycin.

Methods
Multicentre observational study. Patients with a CDI episode achieving clinical cure with oral vancomycin and followed up 8 weeks were included. Previous antibiotic exposure up to 90 days was collected. Multivariate analysis of predictors of recurrence adjusted by the propensity score (PS) of being previously treated with each non-CDI antibiotic was performed.

Results
Two hundred and forty-one patients were included; 216 (90%) had received systemic antibiotics. Fifty-three patients (22%) had a CDI recurrence. Rates of recurrence were lower in those treated with piperacillin/tazobactam in the last month when compared with those not receiving piperacillin/tazobactam [3 (7%) versus 50 (25%); P = 0.01], whereas higher rates were seen in those treated with cephalosporins in the last month [26/87 (30%) versus 27/154 (17%); P = 0.03]. In multivariate analysis controlled by the inverse probability of treatment weighting by PS, receiving ≥5 days of piperacillin/tazobactam in the last month as the last antibiotic regimen prior to CDI was independently associated with a lower risk of recurrence [adjusted OR (AOR) 0.13; 95% CI: 0.06–0.29; P &lt; 0.0001] whereas exposure for ≥5 days to cephalosporins (versus piperacillin/tazobactam) was associated with an increased risk (AOR 10.9; 95% CI: 4.4–27.1; P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
Recent use of piperacillin/tazobactam might be associated with a lower risk of CDI recurrence, while recent use of cephalosporins might promote an increased risk. These findings should be considered when treating hospitalized patients.