bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A complementary integrated Transformer network for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Liao Diling , Shi Cuiping , Wang Liguo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the past, convolutional neural network (CNN) has become one of the most popular deep learning frameworks, and has been widely used in Hyperspectral image classification tasks. Convolution (Conv) in CNN uses filter weights to extract features in local receiving domain, and the weight parameters are shared globally, which more focus on the high‐frequency information of the image. Different from Conv, Transformer can obtain the long‐term dependence between long‐distance features through modelling, and adaptively focus on different regions. In addition, Transformer is considered as a low‐pass filter, which more focuses on the low‐frequency information of the image. Considering the complementary characteristics of Conv and Transformer, the two modes can be integrated for full feature extraction. In addition, the most important image features correspond to the discrimination region, while the secondary image features represent important but easily ignored regions, which are also conducive to the classification of HSIs. In this study, a complementary integrated Transformer network (CITNet) for hyperspectral image classification is proposed. Firstly, three‐dimensional convolution (Conv3D) and two‐dimensional convolution (Conv2D) are utilised to extract the shallow semantic information of the image. In order to enhance the secondary features, a channel Gaussian modulation attention module is proposed, which is embedded between Conv3D and Conv2D. This module can not only enhance secondary features, but suppress the most important and least important features. Then, considering the different and complementary characteristics of Conv and Transformer, a complementary integrated Transformer module is designed. Finally, through a large number of experiments, this study evaluates the classification performance of CITNet and several state‐of‐the‐art networks on five common datasets. The experimental results show that compared with these classification networks, CITNet can provide better classification performance.
Room‐temperature high‐speed mid‐infrared quantum cascade laser with π‐shape metal contact
Authors: Gao Xu , Yang Ke , Zhu Yi‐xuan , Liu Jun‐qi , Zhai Shen‐qiang , Liu Shu‐man , Zhuo Ning , Zhang Jin‐chuan , Wang Li‐jun , Liu Feng‐qi , Wang Xiao‐hua , Wei Zhi‐peng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe authors demonstrate a high‐speed 8.5‐μm quantum cascade laser (QCL) with room temperature continuous wave (CW) operation. The maximum output power of 141 mW is obtained at 20°C. The parasitic capacitance of the device is decreased from 36.6 to 7.1 pF by monolithic integrating a π‐shape metal contact electrode. This results in an increase in the −3 dB RF modulation bandwidth from 870 MHz to 4.5 GHz compared with the conventional electrode configuration.
Research on early warning method for pollution flashover based on phase angle of insulator leakage current
Authors: Li Zong , Wang Naixiao , Wang Liming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPollution flashover is a systematic disaster of power system. It is significant to early warning insulator pollution flashover in real time and accurately. The phase angle of the insulator leakage current is a critical parameter for insulator pollution flashover early warning. However, in field applications, the operating voltage waveform cannot be obtained so that this characteristic parameter cannot be applied to the insulator pollution flashover early warning system. This paper proposes a method to obtain the phase angle of the leakage current of the online insulator. This method avoids the direct measurement of the operating voltage waveform, but uses the stray capacitance between the signal plate of the early warning device metal shell and the transmission line to obtain the operating voltage signal indirectly. In this paper, the method and the early warning mechanism of pollution flashover are analyzed theoretically, and then the early warning device for pollution flashover is designed. Finally, the effectiveness of the early warning device is verified by experiments.
A comprehensive estimation method of phase error in the frequency‐interleaving digital‐to‐analog converter
Authors: Zhao Wenhao , Tian Shulin , Liu Ke , Xiao Yindong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis letter studied the phase error in the frequency‐interleaving digital‐to‐analog converter (FI‐DAC) and proposed a comprehensive phase estimation method. Firstly, the model of the FI‐DAC system was established, and the phase error was considered that consists of three parts: time delay error, initial phase error and non‐linear phase error. By analyzing the phase function characteristics of the system, the least squares (LS) was used to linearly fit the phase functions of the non‐overlapping bands to estimate both the time delay and the initial phase of each sub‐band channel. Then, the non‐linear phase error of the system was estimated by the difference between the system phase function and the estimated linear phase function. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method was verified by the built FI‐DAC test bench.
A 10‐GHz bandwidth 45.5‐dB SNDR buffer with local feedback in 45‐nm CMOS
Authors: Wu Jie , Meng Qiao , Li Fei , Huang Yujia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA high‐speed and low‐power input/output buffer for time interleaving circuit is proposed in this letter. The buffer can be applied to high‐speed circuits operating at 20 GS/s. This novel two‐stage buffer is employed with bandwidth expansion and slew‐rate enhanced techniques. An improved common‐mode feedback circuit stabilizes the output common‐mode voltage. This prototype buffer is fabricated in the 45‐nm COMS process, and achieves 7.2 bit ENOB at 10‐GHz input frequency with power consumption of 20.4 mW, load of 0.3 fF.
Improved model predictive current control for multi‐mode four‐switch buck–boost converter considering parameter mismatch
Authors: Wu Yan , Wang Wei , Tang Fen , Wu Xuezhi , Chen Zhe , Jing Long , Zhang Weige 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFour‐switch Buck‐Boost (FSBB) converter usually adopts multi‐mode control methods in applications requiring both voltage step‐up and step‐down. Model predictive current control (MPCC) can improve the dynamic performance and simplify multi‐mode switching control, but parameter mismatch will deteriorate its control performances. To this end, the theoretical steady‐state error of MPCC caused by parameter mismatch is derived; the influence of parameter mismatch on the dynamic and steady‐state performances is analyzed. Further, an improved MPCC strategy with the parameter disturbance observer (PDO) and dynamic adjustment block for the FSBB converter is presented. The PDO is developed to correct the prediction model and eliminate steady‐state errors due to parameter mismatch. The dynamic adjustment block related to the tracking error can further avoid the dynamic performance degradation. Additionally, a load disturbance observer (LDO) is designed to improve the dynamic response to the unknown load variation. Then, multi‐mode operation of the FSBB converter is realized with the proposed MPCC, which determines the operating mode according to the prediction results without extra mode detection. Finally, simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can improve the dynamic and steady‐state performances of MPCC with parameter mismatch and achieve multi‐mode operation with high control performances.
Effectiveness and Safety of Rivaroxaban Versus Warfarin among Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Concomitant Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Sood Nitesh , Ashton Veronica , Bessada Youssef , Galli Katelyn , Bookhart Brahim K. , Coleman Craig I. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, coronary heart disease, stroke, and death. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular AF (NVAF) patients with concomitant OSA.
Methods This was an analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data from November 2010 to December 2021. We included adults with NVAF and OSA at baseline, newly initiated on rivaroxaban or warfarin, and with ≥12 months of prior EHR activity. Patients with valvular disease, alternative indications for oral anticoagulation, or who were pregnant were excluded. The incidence rates of developing stroke or systemic embolism (SSE) and bleeding-related hospitalization were evaluated. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using propensity score-overlap weighted proportional hazards regression. Multiple sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed.
Results We included 21,940 rivaroxaban (20.1% at the 15 mg dose) and 38,213 warfarin (time-in-therapeutic range = 47.3 ± 28.3%) patients. Rivaroxaban was found to have similar hazard of SSE compared to warfarin (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.82–1.03). Rivaroxaban was associated with a reduced rate of bleeding-related hospitalizations (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78–0.92) versus warfarin, as well as reductions in intracranial (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.62–0.94) and extracranial (HR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.81–0.97) bleeding. Upon sensitivity analysis restricting the population to men with a CHA2DS2VASc score ≥2 or women with a score ≥3, rivaroxaban was associated with a significant 33% risk reduction in SSE and 43% reduction in the risk of bleeding-related hospitalization. No significant interaction for the SSE or bleeding-related hospitalization outcomes was observed upon subgroup analyses.
Conclusion Among patients with NVAF and OSA, rivaroxaban had similar SSE risk versus warfarin but was associated with reductions in any intracranial and extracranial bleeding-related hospitalizations. Rivaroxaban was associated with significant reductions in SSE and bleeding-related hospitalizations when the study population was restricted to patients with a moderate-to-high risk of SSE. These data should provide prescribers with additional confidence in selecting rivaroxaban in NVAF patients who have OSA at the time of anticoagulation initiation.
Advances in silicon nanowire applications in energy generation, storage, sensing, and electronics: a review
Authors: Raman Srinivasan , A Ravi Sankar , M Sindhuja 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nanowire-based technological advancements thrive in various fields, including energy generation and storage, sensors, and electronics. Among the identified nanowires, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) attract much attention as they possess unique features, including high surface-to-volume ratio, high electron mobility, bio-compatibility, anti-reflection, and elasticity. They were tested in domains of energy generation (thermoelectric, photo-voltaic, photoelectrochemical), storage (lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes, super capacitors), and sensing (bio-molecules, gas, light, etc). These nano-structures were found to improve the performance of the system in terms of efficiency, stability, sensitivity, selectivity, cost, rapidity, and reliability. This review article scans and summarizes the significant developments that occurred in the last decade concerning the application of SiNWs in the fields of thermoelectric, photovoltaic, and photoelectrochemical power generation, storage of energy using LIB anodes, biosensing, and disease diagnostics, gas and pH sensing, photodetection, physical sensing, and electronics. The functionalization of SiNWs with various nanomaterials and the formation of heterostructures for achieving improved characteristics are discussed. This article will be helpful to researchers in the field of nanotechnology about various possible applications and improvements that can be realized using SiNW.
Chip for dielectrophoretic microbial capture, separation and detection II: experimental study
Authors: Weber Monika U , Petkowski Janusz J , Weber Robert E , Krajnik Bartosz , Stemplewski Slawomir , Panek Marta , Dziubak Tomasz , Mrozinska Paulina , Piela Anna , Paluch Emil 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In our previous paper we have modelled a dielectrophoretic force (DEP) and cell particle behavior in a microfluidic channel (Weber MU et al 2023 Chip for dielectrophoretic microbial capture, separation and detection I: theoretical basis of electrode design Nanotechnology this issue). Here we test and confirm the results of our modeling work by experimentally validating the theoretical design constraints of the ring electrode architecture. We have compared and tested the geometry and particle capture and separation performance of the two separate electrode designs (the ring and dot electrode structures) by investigating bacterial motion in response to the applied electric field. We have quantitatively evaluated the electroosmosis (EO) to positive DEP (PDEP) transition in both electrode designs and explained the differences in capture efficiency of the ring and dot electrode systems. The ring structure shows 99% efficiency of bacterial capture both for PDEP and for EO. Moreover, the ring structure shows an over 200 faster bacterial response to the electric field. We have also established that the ring electrode architecture, with appropriate structure periodicity and spacing, results in efficient capture and separation of microbial cells. We have identified several critical design constraints that are required to achieve high efficiency bacterial capture. We have established that the spacing between consecutive DEP traps smaller than the length of the depletion zone will ensure that the DEP force dominates bacterial motion over motility and Brownian motion.
Alterations in Vessel Hemodynamics Across Uncomplicated Pregnancy
Authors: Kuate Defo Alvin , Daskalopoulou Stella S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPregnancy is marked by the onset of rapid hemodynamic alterations in order to accommodate the needs of the developing fetus. Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality, and its measurement in clinical practice has been recommended. It follows a U-shaped curve in uncomplicated pregnancy, decreasing to a nadir in mid-pregnancy and rising at term. Systemic vasodilation occurs due to elevated nitric oxide, prostacyclin, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin. Vascular resistance decreases to a nadir in mid-pregnancy, while endothelial function is enhanced starting in the first trimester. Plasma volume increases by about 50%, and total red blood cell mass increases by up to 40%. Cardiac output increases by up to 45%, at first due primarily to elevated stroke volume, then mainly due to increased heart rate. Along with echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is safe for use in pregnancy. It may assess cardiac function more accurately than echocardiography, and may be indicated in specific clinical cases. Moreover, blood pressure decreases to a nadir in mid-pregnancy and rises to near preconception values postpartum. An appreciation of the vascular changes occurring in healthy pregnancy can aid in the prediction and diagnosis of pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and inform treatment. In particular, noninvasive arterial stiffness/hemodynamics assessment provides unique clinical information beyond blood pressure and traditional maternal characteristics, and can signal a need for further testing, or be used in combination with other tests to predict or diagnose complications of pregnancy.
Skin programming of inflammatory responses to Staphylococcus aureus is compartmentalized according to epidermal keratinocyte differentiation status
Authors: Clayton Kalum , Holbrook Daniel J , Vallejo Andres , Porter Gemma , Sirvent Sofia , Davies James  , Pople Jenny , Lim Fei Ling , Christodoulides Myron , Polak Marta E , Ardern-Jones Michael R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Acute cutaneous inflammation causes microbiome alterations as well as ultrastructural changes in epidermis stratification. However, the interactions between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation status and the skin microbiome have not been fully explored.

Objectives
Hypothesizing that the skin microbiome contributes to regulation of keratinocyte differentiation and can modify antimicrobial responses, we examined the effect of exposure to commensal (Staphylococcus epidermidis, SE) or pathogenic (Staphylococcus aureus, SA) challenge on epidermal models.

Methods
Explant biopsies were taken to investigate species-specific antimicrobial effects of host factors. Further investigations were performed in reconstituted epidermal models by bulk transcriptomic analysis alongside secreted protein profiling. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was performed to explore the keratinocyte populations responsible for SA inflammation. A dataset of 6391 keratinocytes from control (2044 cells), SE challenge (2028 cells) and SA challenge (2319 cells) was generated from reconstituted epidermal models.

Results
Bacterial lawns of SA, not SE, were inhibited by human skin explant samples, and microarray analysis of three-dimensional epidermis models showed that host antimicrobial peptide expression was induced by SE but not SA. Protein analysis of bacterial cocultured models showed that SA exposure induced inflammatory mediator expression, indicating keratinocyte activation of other epidermal immune populations. Single-cell DropSeq analysis of unchallenged naive, SE-challenged and SA-challenged epidermis models was undertaken to distinguish cells from basal, spinous and granular layers, and to interrogate them in relation to model exposure. In contrast to SE, SA specifically induced a subpopulation of spinous cells that highly expressed transcripts related to epidermal inflammation and antimicrobial response. Furthermore, SA, but not SE, specifically induced a basal population that highly expressed interleukin-1 alarmins.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that SA-associated remodelling of the epidermis is compartmentalized to different keratinocyte populations. Elucidating the mechanisms regulating bacterial sensing-triggered inflammatory responses within tissues will enable further understanding of microbiome dysbiosis and inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic eczema.
Validation of diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis and proposal of novel diagnostic criteria for adult and elderly Chinese populations: a multicentre, prospective, clinical setting-based study
Authors: Yue Wanbo , Cheng Daian , Sun Zhe , Shen Yihang , Wang Shangshang , Liu Xiumei , Pei Xiaoping , Deng Sisi , Pan Hongju , Liao Zhigang , Li Wei , Yao Xu , Liang Yunsheng , Song Zhiqiang , Yao Zhirong , Zhang Hui , Guo Yifeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
A previous validation study showed a very low sensitivity and higher specificity associated with Hanifin and Rajka criteria (H&R) and the UK Working Party criteria (UKWP) in diagnosing AD vs. the Chinese criteria of atopic dermatitis (AD) for children (CCAD). However, their diagnostic efficacy in adult and elderly Chinese populations remains unknown.

Objectives
To validate the diagnostic efficacy of three sets of AD criteria in adult and elderly Chinese populations in a hospital setting.

Methods
A total of 1034 patients (aged 19–95 years) from five university hospital dermatological clinics were recruited. Medical history, dermatological examination, AD diagnosis and evaluation of AD severity were done by dermatologists. Each patient was investigated by two dermatologist panels, one to establish a clinical diagnosis, and the other to identify and record the major or minor signs of H&R criteria, UKWP criteria and CCAD. Taking clinical diagnosis as the reference, the diagnostic efficacy of three sets of diagnostic criteria was evaluated. The χ2 test or rank sum test were used for between-groups comparisons.

Results
CCAD had a higher sensitivity (84.0%), especially among mild and moderate cases of AD (72.7% and 90.3%, respectively), than the H&R (58.0%; P &lt; 0.001) and UKWP criteria (56.0%; P &lt; 0.001) in diagnosing AD. The specificity of CCAD (92.7%) was slightly lower than the H&R (97.3%; P &lt; 0.001) or UKWP criteria (97.4%; P &lt; 0.001). The CCAD had the highest Youden index (0.77), accuracy rate (0.90) and Kappa value (0.76) of the three sets of diagnostic criteria.

Conclusions
Consistent with results in a population of Chinese children, although the H&R and UKWP criteria had a high specificity for diagnosing AD, their low sensitivity limited their use in adult and elderly Chinese patients. Based on the high sensitivity and favourable diagnostic efficacy, the CCAD is proposed for AD diagnosis in adult and elderly Chinese populations, especially for cases of mild and moderate AD.
The changing face of anti-trust in the world of Big Tech: Collusion versus Monopolisation
Authors: Armoogum Prishnee , Davies Stephen , Mariuzzo Franco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents new evidence on two key developments in worldwide anti-trust in the last decade: (i) a downturn in the number of cartels detected by competition authorities and (ii) exponential growth in cases of monopolisation/abuse of dominance. Big Tech firms have been, undoubtedly, the main focus of the latter but almost totally absent in the former. These two developments offer perspectives on the description of Monopoly Capitalism as set out by Keith Cowling 40 years ago. Superficially at least, this seems to deny the prediction of ever-widening collusion, but, on the other hand, it resonates with the prediction of increasingly unassailable dominant firms. We suggest that the two trends can best be understood by the emergence of the Big Tech giants who have established dominance by exceeding tipping points in many markets. In turn, this leads to an alternative form of collusion—‘mutual forbearance’ in which firms back away from aggressive competition in the other giants’ areas of strength. Given this dominance, they do not need collusion—put simply, no sizeable rivals are remaining with whom they need to collude.
Lost in transition: a case report of very late palliation of a double outlet right ventricle
Authors: Ahmed Rizwan , Al Hashmi Haitham , Mora Bassem 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Children with congenital heart disease remain at risk of being lost to follow-up. They may present at a later stage with complications related to underlying condition that usually require in-depth phenotyping for optimal management. We describe an unusual case of a double outlet right ventricle (DORV) who presented three decades after initial intervention.

Case summary
A 32-year-old female sought attention for worsening breathlessness. Available data suggested that she had double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and underwent pulmonary artery (PA) banding in infancy. On examination, she was frail, clubbed and cyanosed with oxygen saturation reduced to 75% at rest. Blood tests demonstrated elevated haemoglobin (208 g/L) and thrombocytopenia (70 *109/L). Echocardiography was limited but demonstrated DORV with increased gradient across both outflow tracts. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging clearly demonstrated DORV with doubly committed interventricular communication, subvalvular aortic valve stenosis and supravalvular pulmonary stenosis due to a previous PA band. CMR was also remarkable for demonstrating severely impaired left ventricle and difficulty achieving optimal contrast between myocardium and blood pool on late enhancement images. She underwent relief of subaortic stenosis with immediate improvement in left ventricular (LV) function and PA plasty with application of a new PA band.

Conclusion
Lost to follow-up congenital patients present a particular challenge due to complications of chronic unusual physiology. This requires careful assessment by a multidisciplinary team to define optimal management strategy.