bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defocusing PTV applied to an open wet clutch: from macro to micro
Authors: Leister Robin , Fuchs Thomas , Kriegseis Jochen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDefocusing particle tracking velocimetry (defocusing PTV) is applied in various levels of magnification to investigate the flow in an open wet clutch with radial grooving. The magnifications range from $$M=0.8$$

M
=
0.8

up to $$M=15$$

M
=
15

, whereas the corresponding defocusing sensitivities $$s^{Z}$$

s
Z

, denoting the rate of the particle image diameter change along the optical axis, range from 67.1 to 9.0 µm/pixel. For flows with sub-millimeter structures, as it is the case of this clutch flow application, a high spatial resolution is necessary to fully understand the flow phenomena in these confined geometries. It is demonstrated in this study that all optical configurations can resolve the miniature flow structures that are present in an open wet clutch. Moreover, the $$M=0.8$$

M
=
0.8

set-up, featuring the largest field of view, captures the entire region between the inner and the outer radius of the clutch, providing a comprehensive overview of the three-dimensional clutch flow field, ranging from the smallest structures to the largest. It is found that the $$M=0.8$$

M
=
0.8

set-up also yields the lowest uncertainties in the determination of the particle locations in x, y direction as well as in z direction along the optical axis. The particle image diameter uncertainty is $$2\sigma _{d_{\textrm{i}}}=0.24\,$$

2

σ

d
i

=
0.24

pixel, which translates (by multiplying the defocusing sensitivity of $$s^{Z}=67.1\,$$

s
Z

=
67.1

µm/pixel) into a particle z location determination uncertainty of $$2\sigma _{z}=16.1\,$$

2

σ
z

=
16.1

µm. These results give evidence to the fact that not necessarily the best defocusing sensitivity determines the accuracy of the particle z location estimation; to a great extent the signal-to-noise ratio and the width of the outer ring of the defocused particle image influence the accuracy.
Graphical Abstract
Skeletal and dental age estimation via postmortem computed tomography in Polish subadults group
Authors: Lopatin Oleksiy , Barszcz Marta , Woźniak Krzysztof Jerzy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article is a retrospective analysis of postmortem computed tomography scans of ossification stages of the anterior and posterior intra-occipital sutures, the anterior arch of the atlas, and the neurocentral junction of the axis. We also analyzed the development of secondary ossification centers in the proximal humeral, femoral, and tibial epiphyses, and the distal femoral and tibial epiphyses. Additionally, the development of primary ossification centers in the wrist and metacarpals, and maxillary and mandibular deciduous tooth maturation. A total of 58 cadavers (35 males, 23 females), whose age ranged from 3rd month of pregnancy to 14 years, were analyzed. The results of this study show that analysis of synchondrosis closure, primary, and secondary ossification center development and deciduous tooth changes are a good tool for age estimation in subadults group (fetuses, newborns, infants, and children). The results of the study in a Polish population are consistent with those reported by other authors.
Association between constitution, axiography, orthodontic cast analysis, and upper body posture in women aged 31 to 40 years
Authors: Loewe C. , Pflaum J. , Wanke E. M. , Erbe C. , Holzgreve F. , Groneberg D. A. , Ohlendorf Daniela 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
Whether it is primarily the spine that reacts with pain to the negative consequences of everyday stress and possibly the temporomandibular system as a result (ascending chain), or whether incorrect stress in the dental area has an influence on body geometry (descending chain), is still a controversially discussed topic. The aim of this study is to investigate possible relationships between constitutional, axiographic, and dental parameters with upper body posture.

Material and methods
A total of 106 subjectively healthy women between 31 and 40 years of age voluntarily participated in this study. Data collection was done by filling out a questionnaire with constitutional and anamnestic parameters and by evaluating orthodontic casts, axiographic measurements, and video raster stereographic measurements. These data were analyzed using correlations and group comparisons, with the significance level set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results
Positive correlations were shown between the constitutional factors of body weight and BMI and the lumbar bending angle (p = 0.01), the kyphosis angle (p = 0.001), and lordosis angle (weight p = 0.05; BMI p = 0.03). In the cast analysis, regardless of the direction of the midline shift (left/right/none), a left lateral tilt can be seen which is greatest at 2.12° with a left midline shift. In addition, the elevated pelvic side correlates with the side of the displacement of the jaw, with the stronger manifestation being on the left side. With a vertical anterior bite in the normal range, the kyphosis angle is 48.09°, while with a deep bite, it is 60.92°, and with an open bite, it is 62.47°; thus, the group in the normal range differs significantly (p = 0.01) from the other two. The greater the protrusion, the smaller the sagittal plane angles (kyphosis angle, lumbar bending angle, each p = 0.03), and the more dorsal the posture (p = 0.04). The lordosis angle differs significantly (p = 0.001) between the group of subjects with a protrusion in the normal range (52.34°) and the group with an increased advancement of the mandible (41.79°).

Conclusion
There is a correlation between body weight, BMI, midline shift, and protrusion, as well as the vertical anterior step and upper body posture in women between 31 and 40 years of age. Interdisciplinary functional examinations of the temporomandibular musculature, and also sustained orthodontic treatment, can contribute to an improvement in upper body posture.
Neuron-specific enolase levels immediately following cardiovascular surgery is modulated by hemolysis due to cardiopulmonary bypass, making it unsuitable as a brain damage biomarker
Authors: Motoyoshi Nobuya , Tsutsui Masahiro , Soman Kouji , Shirasaka Tomonori , Narita Takayuki , Kunioka Shingo , Naya Katsuyuki , Yamazaki Daisuke , Narita Masahiko , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeuron-specific enolase (NSE) is one of the biomarkers used as an indicator of brain disorder, but since it is also found in blood cell components, there is a concern that a spurious increase in NSE may occur after cardiovascular surgery, where cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes hemolysis. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the degree of hemolysis and NSE after cardiovascular surgery and the usefulness of immediate postoperative NSE values in the diagnosis of brain disorder. A retrospective study of 198 patients who underwent surgery with CPB in the period from May 2019 to May 2021 was conducted. Postoperative NSE levels and Free hemoglobin (F-Hb) levels were compared in both groups. In addition, to verify the relationship between hemolysis and NSE, we examined the correlation between F-Hb levels and NSE levels. We also examined whether different surgical procedures could produce an association between hemolysis and NSE. Among 198 patients, 20 had postoperative stroke (Group S) and 178 had no postoperative stroke (Group U). There was no significant difference in postoperative NSE levels and F-Hb levels between Group S and Group U (p = 0.264, p = 0.064 respectively). F-Hb and NSE were weakly correlated (r = 0.29. p < 0.01). In conclusion, NSE level immediately after cardiac surgery with CPB is modified by hemolysis rather than brain injury, therefore it would be unreliable as a biomarker of brain disorder.
Conditional feature importance for mixed data
Authors: Blesch Kristin , Watson David S. , Wright Marvin N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the popularity of feature importance (FI) measures in interpretable machine learning, the statistical adequacy of these methods is rarely discussed. From a statistical perspective, a major distinction is between analysing a variable’s importance before and after adjusting for covariates—i.e., between marginal and conditional measures. Our work draws attention to this rarely acknowledged, yet crucial distinction and showcases its implications. We find that few methods are available for testing conditional FI and practitioners have hitherto been severely restricted in method application due to mismatched data requirements. Most real-world data exhibits complex feature dependencies and incorporates both continuous and categorical features (i.e., mixed data). Both properties are oftentimes neglected by conditional FI measures. To fill this gap, we propose to combine the conditional predictive impact (CPI) framework with sequential knockoff sampling. The CPI enables conditional FI measurement that controls for any feature dependencies by sampling valid knockoffs—hence, generating synthetic data with similar statistical properties—for the data to be analysed. Sequential knockoffs were deliberately designed to handle mixed data and thus allow us to extend the CPI approach to such datasets. We demonstrate through numerous simulations and a real-world example that our proposed workflow controls type I error, achieves high power, and is in-line with results given by other conditional FI measures, whereas marginal FI metrics can result in misleading interpretations. Our findings highlight the necessity of developing statistically adequate, specialized methods for mixed data.
Social science – STEM collaborations in agriculture, food and beyond: an STSFAN manifesto
Authors: Burch Karly , Guthman Julie , Gugganig Mascha , Bronson Kelly , Comi Matt , Legun Katharine , Biltekoff Charlotte , Broad Garrett , Brock Samara , Freidberg Susanne , Baur Patrick , Mincyte Diana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInterdisciplinary research needs innovation. As an action-oriented intervention, this Manifesto begins from the authors’ experiences as social scientists working within interdisciplinary science and technology collaborations in agriculture and food. We draw from these experiences to: 1) explain what social scientists contribute to interdisciplinary agri-food tech collaborations; (2) describe barriers to substantive and meaningful collaboration; and (3) propose ways to overcome these barriers. We encourage funding bodies to develop mechanisms that ensure funded projects respect the integrity of social science expertise and incorporate its insights. We also call for the integration of social scientific questions and methods in interdisciplinary projects from the outset, and for a genuine curiosity on the part of STEM and social science researchers alike about the knowledge and skills each of us has to offer. We contend that cultivating such integration and curiosity within interdisciplinary collaborations will make them more enriching for all researchers involved, and more likely to generate socially beneficial outcomes.
Production planning under RTP, TOU and PPA considering a redox flow battery storage system
Authors: Hilbert Markus , Dellnitz Andreas , Kleine Andreas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to climate change and the increasing scarcity of resources, the sustainability performance of companies is increasingly becoming the focus of science and practice. Consequently, bicriteria energy-efficient production planning under price-dynamic electricity tariffs—e.g., real-time-pricing (RTP) or time-of-use (TOU)—is meanwhile well established, often fathoming the tradeoffs between electricity costs of production and another criterion such as makespan. However, tradeoffs between electricity costs and electricity consumption in general are rarely the focus of such analyses. So-called green power purchase agreements (PPAs), which are becoming increasingly popular in the European business community as a means of improving corporate sustainability performance, are also largely ignored. Thus, for the first time in the scientific literature, we put this type of electricity tariff to the test by analyzing the tradeoffs between electricity costs and electricity consumption in a lot-sizing and scheduling context. Here, we additionally consider a real-world redox flow battery storage system that may be the system of the future, which is also new to the literature on lot-sizing and scheduling. Even more: due to the complex nature of our bicriteria mixed-integer problem, we develop and present suitable heuristics. These include an energy-efficient allocation heuristic in the case of PPA and, among others, a fix-relax-and-optimize heuristic combined with a decomposition approach in the case of RTP and TOU. Ultimately, a scenario analysis demonstrates the performance of these heuristics.
Anonymity in sharing the revenues from broadcasting sports leagues
Authors: Bergantiños G. , Moreno-Ternero Juan D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the problem of sharing the revenues from broadcasting sports leagues axiomatically. Our key axiom is anonymity, the classical impartiality axiom. Other impartiality axioms already studied in broadcasting problems are equal treatment of equals, weak equal treatment of equals and symmetry. We study the relationship between all impartiality axioms. Besides we combine anonymity with other axioms that have been considered in the literature. Some combinations give rise to new characterizations of well-known rules. The family of generalized split rules is characterized with anonymity, additivity and null team. The concede-and-divide rule is characterized with anonymity, additivity and essential team. Other and combinations characterize new rules that had not been considered before. We provide three characterizations in which three axioms are the same (anonymity, additivity, and order preservation) and the fourth one is different (maximum aspirations, weak upper bound, and non-negativity). Depending on the fourth axiom we obtain three different families of rules. In all of them concede-and-divide plays a central role.
The impact of race and age on response to neoadjuvant therapy and long-term outcomes in Black and White women with early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Terman Elizabeth , Sheade Jori , Zhao Fangyuan , Howard Frederick M. , Jaskowiak Nora , Tseng Jennifer , Chen Nan , Hahn Olwen , Fleming Gini , Huo Dezheng , Nanda Rita 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There are a paucity of data and a pressing need to evaluate response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and determine long-term outcomes in young Black women with early-stage breast cancer (EBC).

Methods
We analyzed data from 2196 Black and White women with EBC treated at the University of Chicago over the last 2 decades. Patients were divided into groups based on race and age at diagnosis: Black women $$\le$$
≤
40 years, White women $$\le$$
≤
40 years, Black women $$\ge$$
≥
55 years, and White women $$\ge$$
≥
55 years. Pathological complete response rate (pCR) was analyzed using logistic regression. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard and piecewise Cox models.

Results
Young Black women had the highest risk of recurrence, which was 22% higher than young White women (p = 0.434) and 76% higher than older Black women (p = 0.008). These age/racial differences in recurrence rates were not statistically significant after adjusting for subtype, stage, and grade. In terms of OS, older Black women had the worst outcome. In the 397 women receiving NACT, 47.5% of young White women achieved pCR, compared to 26.8% of young Black women (p = 0.012).

Conclusions
Black women with EBC had significantly worse outcomes compared to White women in our cohort study. There is an urgent need to understand the disparities in outcomes between Black and White breast cancer patients, particularly in young women where the disparity in outcome is the greatest.
How can technology leverage university teaching & learning innovation? A longitudinal case study of diffusion of technology innovation from the knowledge creation perspective
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Chen Shuangye , Wang Xiaoxiao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper expands the innovation diffusion framework by adding a conceptual and empirical exploration of knowledge creation into understanding university technology-enhanced teaching and learning innovation. Institutional innovation research has largely focused on people and products while neglecting the underlying knowledge creation process for innovation that substantiates and sustains the diffusion of innovation across stages. Guided by a combined framework of organisational knowledge creation theory with the diffusion of technology-enhanced teaching & learning (T&L) innovation, this 4-year longitudinal qualitative study focused on a Chinese case of Tsinghua University, which has pioneered the adoption of digital teaching and learning, and generating exemplary sustainable whole-institutional teaching and learning innovation. We explored how technology leverages the interactions between technologies, adopters, and leadership within a university to build capacities for digital T&L innovation by tracing the technology innovation trajectory of Tsinghua University. The case study identified four stages of knowledge creation related to technology adoption and innovation. Of these stages, knowledge externalisation processes were found to be critical for leveraging the co-creation of knowledge for institutional innovation in the university context. Additionally, the study showed that the middle-up-down leadership strategy and middle managements’ knowledge management ability facilitated the sustainable transition from individual and group exploration to organisational innovation. The implications for strategic technology adoption and sustainable teaching and learning innovation in the university contexts are also discussed.
EXITitis in the UK: Gravity Estimates in the Aftermath of Brexit
Authors: Brakman Steven , Garretsen Harry , Kohl Tristan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union has had disruptive effects on international trade. As part of its ‘Global Britain’ strategy in the wake of Brexit, the UK is pursuing a series of Free Trade Agreements with countries around the world, including Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey and possibly the United States. Closer to home, the UK is under mounting pressure to dissuade Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales from seeking independence to regain the severed ties with the EU. We analyze the economic consequences of these scenarios with a state-of-the-art structural gravity model for major economies around the world. We find that ‘Global Britain’ yields insufficient trade creation to compensate for Brexit-induced trade losses. Our results also reveal that secession from the UK in itself would inflict greater post-Brexit economic harm on the devolved nations of Great Britain. Nevertheless, these effects could be offset when secession from the UK is combined with regained EU membership.
Analysis of the Importance of the Filling Material Characteristics Injected Around the Precast Concrete Lining in the Microtunnelling Technology
Authors: Benato A. , Gaida E. , Oggeri C. , Oreste P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicrotunnelling is an excavation technique capable of positioning underground pipes with considerable advantages from the point of view of the environment, safety, construction times and also total costs, when the lengths are significant. The technology used is now reliable and is suitable for use in different types of soils and rocks without particular problems. The installation of the concrete lining of the micro-tunnel takes place behind the excavation machine starting from a thrust shaft. A filling material must be injected between the outer surface of the lining and the tunnel wall. This filling material plays a very important role, because it conditions the overall stiffness of the support system and, therefore, influences the radial load applied by the ground to the support system. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the presence of the filling material in order to correctly size the support system of the micro-tunnel. This paper illustrates a new procedure for analyzing the behavior of the micro-tunnel support system, based on widely used and tested analytical calculation methods. This procedure was applied to a real case, underway in Northern Italy. The results obtained were then compared with those of numerical modeling, which made it possible to simulate the micro-tunnel in detail. From the comparison it was possible to note how the analytical calculation procedure leads to stress states similar (slightly higher) to those of numerical modeling; the first, therefore, can be effectively used in the preliminary stages of the design of micro-tunnels to obtain useful information on the characteristics of the support systems to be adopted to ensure the stability.
Hardware Trojan Detection Method Based on Dual Discriminator Assisted Conditional Generation Adversarial Network
Authors: Tang Wenjing , Su Jing , Gao Yuchan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHardware Trojans are usually implanted by making malicious changes to a chip circuit, which can destroy chip functions or expose sensitive information once activated. The hardware Trojan detection method based on side channel information has now become one of the most widely used detection methods. However, due to the influence of the deviation of the acquisition equipment and the noise of the actual chip working environment, insufficient acquisition of useful information of the collected side channel information occurs, affecting the final results. To address the problem, this paper proposes a detection method based on a dual discriminator assisted conditional generation adversarial network (D2ACGAN), which combines the benefits of CGAN, ACGAN, and D2GAN models and can learn a variety of valid information of the tested chip. It can distinguish between side channel data with and without hardware Trojan and classify hardware Trojan using the extended data. Furthermore, to compare the performance of the proposed model, we use the existing CGAN and ACGAN models equally for side channel information expansion and hardware Trojan detection. Finally, the designed hardware Trojan is implanted in an encryption chip for generating data quality evaluation experiments and model method performance experiments. The results show that the average detection accuracy of the D2ACGAN-based hardware Trojan classification model can reach 97.08%, which is better than the detection models based on CNN, SVM, etc. The D2ACGAN model also outperforms the CGAN and ACGAN models in terms of generated data and hardware Trojan classification.