bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochlorin‐Based Sonosensitizers Combined with Free‐Field Ultrasound for Immune‐Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Liu , Cao Lei , Shao Kun , Su Jiangan , Li Guangzhe , Wang Chao , Li Qing , Sun Jing , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Kai , Zhao Weijie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhytochlorins, a class of plant‐derived tetrapyrroles, show great potential as sonosensitizers in sonodynamic therapy (SDT). The development of new phytochlorin‐based sonosensitizers has significantly improved SDT, yet the absence of specialized sonodynamic systems limits their clinical translation. Herein, a dedicated ultrasound system along with a detailed step‐by‐step sonodynamic process from in vitro to in vivo is developed to activate phytochlorin‐based sonosensitizers. Compared to standing‐wave ultrasound, free‐field ultrasound maintains stable acoustic pressure amplitudes and minimizes mechanical damage to cell membranes. In vitro experiments demonstrate that free‐field ultrasound effectively activates naturally occurring phytochlorin, reducing the cavitation threshold for reactive oxygen species production and triggering immunogenic cell death. Furthermore, the intravenously injectable phytochlorin‐based sonosensitizer (C34) enhances sonodynamic efficiency by reducing interfacial tension. Driven by in vivo free‐field ultrasound, C34 effectively inhibits tumor growth in an orthotopic murine breast cancer model and elicits an immune response, preventing tumor metastasis. The reliable protocol provided by the free‐field ultrasound system facilitates the activation of phytochlorin‐based sonosensitizers while simultaneously stimulating the immune system, highlighting the potential of immune‐sonodynamic therapy.
High‐Efficiency Intrinsically Thermoplastic Semiconducting Polymer with Excellent Strain‐Tolerance Capacity for Flexible Ultra‐Deep‐Blue Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ni Mingjian , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Zheng Yingying , Yang Jing , Sun Lili , Xu Zhenhua , An Xiang , Wang Shengjie , Cai Jiangli , Bai Lubing , Xie Guohua , Xu Man , Lin Jinyi , Wu Yutong , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractComplex internal stresses that appear in flexible thin‐film electronic devices under long‐term deformation operation are associated with incompatible mechanical properties of the multiple layers, which potentially cause intralayer fracture and separation. These defects may result in device instability, performance loss, and failure. Herein, a thermoplastic functional strategy is proposed for manufacturing high‐performance stretchable semiconducting polymers with excellent strain‐tolerance capacities for flexible electronic devices. Internal plasticization is used to obtain a thermoplastic light‐emitting polymer (N2) that can suppress intralayer tensile fracture and compressive separation to enhance the deformation stability of flexible thin‐film optoelectronic devices, enabling outstanding energy dissipation capacity under stress. The thermoplastic films exhibit stable and efficient ultra‐deep‐blue emission with a high efficiency of ≈90% and chromaticity coordinates of (0.16, 0.04). Moreover, the N2‐based rigid and flexible polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) exhibit stable ultra‐deep‐blue electroluminescence properties with high EQEs of ≈2.4% and 1.9%, respectively. Compared with devices based on brittle PODPF, flexible PLEDs based on thermoplastic films effectively suppress performance degradation after hundreds of cycles of bending fatigue, even under extremely rigid conditions. Introducing intrinsically thermoplastic semiconducting polymers in flexible electronic devices can thus substantially enhance their operational stability under deformation.
Self‐Adaptive Dielectrics with Tunable Nonlinear Electrical Conductivity via Virus‐Like Structures Composed of Metal Particles
Authors: Zhang Daoming , Xie Congzhen , Xu Huasong , Zhong An , Zhou Jiangang , Bi Chunhui , Gou Bin , Cai Hangchuan , Wang Rui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSelf‐adaptive dielectrics (SADs), with the characteristics of rapid charge dissipation in electric field distortion, is regarded as the future material for package insulation of advanced electronic devices. The current landscape of SADs is incapable to achieve tunable nonlinear electrical conductivity and threshold field strength due to the inherent Schottky barrier, significantly limiting the application scenarios of SADs. Here, a strategy is reported to construct a stepped Schottky barrier through virus‐like structures, which are composed of subminiature metal particles and semiconductor microspheres. It is found that the metal particles can serve as the capture center to attract the free charge in the matrix, precisely instructing the charge transfer pathway. The barriers between metal particles and semiconductor filler, flexibly controlled by the composition of metal particles, endow with extra source of nonlinear conductivity. Under the optimal composition and size of metal particles, SADs exhibit prominent nonlinear electrical conductivity and reliable adaptive charge release characteristics under pulsed electric field. The work pioneers a breakthrough by overcoming the constraint that SADs are previously limited to the inherent Schottky barrier of semiconductor materials and enabling the unprecedented controllability and flexibility of nonlinear electrical characteristics by metal particles, contributing a distinctive perspective to the development of SADs.
An Analysis of Components and Enhancement Strategies for Advancing Memristive Neural Networks
Authors: Park Hyungjun , Han Joon‐Kyu , Yim Seongpil , Shin Dong Hoon , Park Tae Won , Woo Kyung Seok , Lee Soo Hyung , Cho Jae Min , Kim Hyun Wook , Park Taegyun , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdvancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and big data have highlighted the limitations of traditional von Neumann architectures, such as excessive power consumption and limited performance improvement with increasing parameter numbers. These challenges are significant for edge devices requiring higher energy and area efficiency. Recently, many reports on memristor‐based neural networks (Mem‐NN) using resistive switching memory have shown efficient computing performance with a low power requirement. Even further performance optimization can be made using engineering resistive switching mechanisms. Nevertheless, systematic reviews that address the circuit‐to‐material aspects of Mem‐NNs, including their dedicated algorithms, remain limited. This review first categorizes the memristor‐based neural networks into three components: pre‐processing units, processing units, and learning algorithms. Then, the optimization methods to improve integration and operational reliability are discussed across materials, devices, circuits, and algorithms for each component. Furthermore, the review compares recent advancements in chip‐level neuromorphic hardware with conventional systems, including graphic processing units. The ongoing challenges and future directions in the field are discussed, highlighting the research to enhance the functionality and reliability of Mem‐NNs.
Unraveling 3d Transition Metal (Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, V) Ions Migration in Layered Oxide Cathodes: A Pathway to Superior Li‐Ion and Na‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: He Shengnan , Zhang Rui , Han Xi , Zhou Yufa , Zheng Chao , Li Chenchen , Xue Xu , Chen Yanjun , Wu Zhijun , Gan Jiantuo , She Liaona , Qi Fulai , Liu Yanxia , Zhang Mingchang , Du Wubin , Jiang Yinzhu , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLi‐ion and Na‐ion batteries are promising systems for powering electric vehicles and grid storage. Layered 3d transition metal oxides AxTMO2 (A = Li, Na; TM = 3d transition metals; 0 < x ≤ 2) have drawn extensive attention as cathode materials due to their exceptional energy densities. However, they suffer from several technical challenges caused by crystal structure degradation associated with TM ions migration, such as poor cycling stability, inferior rate capability, significant voltage hysteresis, and serious voltage decay. Aiming to tackle these challenges, this review provides an in‐depth discussion and comprehensive understanding of the TM ions migration behaviors in AxTMO2. First, the key thermodynamics and kinetics that impact TM ions migration are discussed, covering ionic radius, electronic configuration, crystal structure arrangement, and migration energy barrier. In particular, details are provided regarding the universal and specific migration characteristics of Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, and V ions in layered cathode materials. Subsequently, the impacts of these migrations on electrochemical performance are emphasized in terms of the fundamental science behind technical issues, and strategies to modulate TM ions migration for advanced cathode materials development are summarized. Besides, characterization techniques for probing the TM ions migration are present, like neutron diffraction (ND), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and others. Finally, future directions in this regard are comprehensively concluded. This review offers valuable insights into the basic design of advanced layered oxide cathode materials for Li‐ion and Na‐ion batteries.
2‐Aminoindoles and 2‐Iminoindolines as Viable Precursors of Indole‐Fused Nitrogenated Polyheterocycles
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe synthesis of architecturally complex polyheterocyclic structures embedding the indole ring represents a growing field of interest. Carbolines and their partially dehydro derivatives, pyrazinoindoles, indoloindoles, azepinoindoles and other medium‐sized derivatives are only some examples of indole‐containing polycyclic compounds featured by enhanced pharmacological and photophysical properties. Among various synthetic protocols to prepare these important target compounds those based on the utilization of 2‐aminoindoles and 2‐iminoindolines are gaining increasing interest because of the ease of their preparation. The presence of a couple of reactive sites in these derivatives is instrumental for the assembling of polyheterocyclic structures exploiting single step operations featured by efficient cascade or tandem processes. Several of these methods employ catalyzed reactions which can be developed for the asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure compounds. This review provides an up‐to‐date report on the currently available methods for the synthesis of 2‐aminoindoles and 2‐iminoindolines and their application to the preparation of polyheterocyclic derivatives.
Simultaneous Selective and Quantitative Sensing of Diclofenac and Metoprolol via Electrical Conductance of Two Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels
Authors: Tsianaka Anastasia , Fichtel Kimberly , Tovar Günter E.M. , Southan Alexander 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHydrogels containing functional groups are highly interesting for sensor applications as they can change their physical properties by interaction with their environment. In this study, it is demonstrated that by monitoring the conductance of two different functional hydrogels, the concentrations of two different drugs in aqueous solution can be selectively and quantitatively measured simultaneously based on non‐specific interactions. Detailed characterization of the competitive drug adsorption on the hydrogels allows the description of both hydrogel conductances as a function of the drug concentrations based on physical models. The result is a system of non‐linear equations that can be solved for the drug concentrations. The different affinities and conductance responses of the hydrogels for the two drugs is a prerequisite, which is usually achieved with different materials. This approach is demonstrated with hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol), functionalized with the ionic monomers [2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (AETA) and 3‐sulfopropyl acrylate potassium salt (SPA), and the drugs diclofenac and metoprolol. The hydrogel conductance is found to be linear with drug concentration in the hydrogels, which in turn is described by a non‐linear Langmuir‐type competitive adsorption isotherm. The proposed approach thus shows potential for future studies on more complex mixtures by including a larger variety of functional hydrogels.
Unseen Threats: The Long‐term Impact of PET‐Microplastics on Development of Male Reproductive Over a Lifetime
Authors: Jeong Seungjin , Lee GyuDae , Park Surye , Son Myeongjoo , Lee Seungjun , Ryu Bomi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe physical abrasion of plastics from simple everyday entered the food chain, with associated risks recently emphasized. Although many studies have reported the adverse effects of microplastics (MPs) on human, the reproductive implications of continuous exposure to physically abraded polyethylene terephthalate (PET)‐MPs remain unexplored. Ingestion of physically abraded PET‐MPs (size range: 50–100 µm) in mice from 5 to 34 weeks of age at an annual intake relevant dose of MPs (5 mg week−1) significantly impaired male reproductive function. Reductions in seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial height are observed (p < 0.0001), with 32.2% decrease in Leydig cells and 24.3% reduction in testosterone levels (p < 0.05). The epididymis shows marked deterioration in all regions, with total sperm concentration significantly reduce from 17.0 × 10⁶ to 5.3 × 10⁶ (p < 0.01) and decrease motility. Transcriptome analysis demonstrates downregulation of genes related with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone secretion, testosterone biosynthesis, and Meiosin gene, which is for crucial spermatogenesis. Continuous ingestion of physically abraded PET‐MPs from plastic bottles adversely affected testicular and epididymal functions, leading to hormonal imbalances and abnormal sperm production. These findings raise concerns about the impact of commonly used plastics on male reproductive development, highlighting potential risks for future generations.
TIA1‐Mediated Stress Granules Promote the Neuroinflammation and Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Upregulating IL‐31RA Signaling
Authors: Hua Xin , Jin Lingting , Fang Zheyu , Weng Yiyun , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Jingjing , Xie Dewei , Tang Yang , Guo Siyu , Huang Yingying , Dai Yilin , Li Jia , Huang Zhihui , Zhang Xu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe dysfunction of stress granules (SGs) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, with T cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) being a key component of SGs. However, the role and mechanism of TIA1‐mediated SGs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) remain unclear. In this study, upregulation of TIA1, its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and co‐localization with G3BP1 (a marker of SGs) are observed in the spinal cord neurons of EAE mice. Deletion of TIA1 in the CNS alleviates neuroinflammation, suppresses demyelination and axonal damage, and reduces neuronal loss in EAE mice. Furthermore, alleviation of autophagy dysfunction and reduction of chronic persistent SGs are observed in Tia1Nestin‐CKO EAE mice. Mechanistically, IL‐31RA levels are decreased in Tia1Nestin‐CKO EAE mice, which inhibit the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway associated with IL‐31RA, thereby enhancing autophagy and suppressing the NF‐κB signaling pathway, further alleviating EAE symptoms. Knockdown of TIA1 in primary neurons and N2a cells treated with sodium arsenite also reduces the formation of SGs. These findings reveal an unrecognized role of TIA1‐mediated SGs in promoting neuroinflammation and demyelination, offering novel therapeutic targets for MS.
Electropositive Magnetic Fluorescent Nanoprobe‐Mediated Immunochromatographic Assay for the Ultrasensitive and Simultaneous Detection of Bacteria
Authors: Li Jiaxuan , Li Zhengkang , Wang Bingjie , Yu Qing , Wu Ting , Wang Chongwen , Gu Bing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractImmunochromatographic assays (ICAs) provide simple and rapid strategies for bacterial diagnosis but still suffer from the problems of low sensitivity and high dependency on paired antibodies. Herein, the broad‐spectrum capture and detection capability of the antibody‐free electropositive nanoprobe are clarified for bacteria for the first time and an ultrasensitive fluorescent ICA platform is constructed for the simultaneous diagnosis of multiple pathogens. A magnetic multilayer quantum dot nanocomposite with an amino‐embedded SiO2 shell (MagMQD@Si+) is designed to enrich bacteria from solutions effectively, offer high luminescence, and reduce background signals on test strips, thus greatly improving the sensitivity and stability of ICA technique for pathogen. The superior performance of the MagMQD@Si+‐based ICA through the multiplex detection of three common pathogens is demonstrated, namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhimurium, showing that this ICA possesses high sensitivity (8–40 cells mL−1), good reproducibility (relative standard deviation <5.4%), and high specificity for the three target bacteria. The clinical utility of the proposed method is verified through the detection of 30 real sputum samples from patients with bacterial respiratory infections, revealing that the MagMQD@Si+‐based ICA has massive potential as a powerful inspection tool for the rapid, sensitive, and ultrasensitive diagnosis of bacterial infections. [Correction added on 29 January 2025, after first online publication: Streptococcus typhi was corrected to Salmonella typhimurium.]
Molecular Design of Imino Anion Acceptors Enables Long‐Life Fluoride Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Guyue , Li Decheng , Lei Meng , Li Chilin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnion acceptors (AAs) enable to dissolve metal fluoride salts and achieve reversible fluorination and defluorination in fluoride ion batteries (FIBs). However, most reported strategies only focus on boron‐ and alcohol‐based AAs with strong Lewis acidity and excessive hydrogen bond (HB) strength, which often leads to the uncontrollable mass loss of active materials and the inferior reduction stability of electrolyte. Although amino and imine groups possess preferable anti‐reductive property, their HB strengths are apparently too weak to dissociate fluoride salts. Here a novel strategy is proposed for molecular structure design toward imino AAs by introducing double bonds and pyridine‐N into the five‐membered‐ring of pyrrolidine. Therein the conjugation effect, inductive effect, and α effect are synergistically utilized to enhance the Lewis acidity of imino group. Theoretical calculations and experiments prove that 1,2,4‐triazole AA retains the reduction stability in the maximum extent while increasing the HB strength of imino group. Based on this imino AA, the electrolyte achieves an unprecedented wide electrochemical stability window (5.5 V), enabling highly reversible cycling of fluorination and defluorination for CuF2||Pb full cells (>300 cycles) with a Cu+‐mediated two‐step redox mechanism, for PbF2‐Pb||PbF2‐Pb symmetric cells (1600 h) with low overpotential, and for PbF2||Pb asymmetric cells with high coulombic efficiency.
Roadside Dining: The Collective Movement Behavior of Sulawesi Moor Macaques in a Provisioning Context
Authors: Trinidad Joshua , Scharf Henry R. , Ngakan Putu Oka , Riley Erin P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHow group‐living primates come to a consensus about navigating their environment is a result of their decision‐making processes. Although decision‐making has been examined in several primate taxa, it remains underexplored for primates living in anthropogenic landscapes. To shed light on consensus decision‐making and flexibility in this process, we examined collective movement behavior in a group of wild moor macaques (Macaca maura) experiencing a risk‐reward tradeoff as a result of roadside provisioning within Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Our goal was to determine whether individual characteristics (e.g., sex, dominance rank, and/or social network centrality) predict the likelihood of initiating a collective movement and if the opportunity to receive food provisions along the road alters these patterns. Using the all‐occurrences method, we recorded the location, time, and identity of initiators and followers of each collective movement observed from April to June 2023 (N = 61). We used conditional logistic regression models to examine which individual characteristics predicted initiation overall and based on two destination categories: forest‐ and road‐directed collective movements. Initiation was distributed amongst most of the group, indicating a partially‐shared decision‐making style. Overall, adult males were more likely to initiate collective movements than adult females. However, for collective movements directed toward the risky roadside, dominance, rather than sex, was a better predictor of initiation, with higher ranked individuals being more likely to initiate collective movements. Examining the decision‐making processes in this species through collective movements can provide insight into how primates come to a consensus and the extent to which anthropogenic factors shape these processes. By shedding light on how moor macaques navigate the risk‐reward tradeoff at this site, our results can also inform the management of human‐macaque interfaces.
A Pyrrole‐Fused Nanographene and its Edge‐Perchlorinated Derivative Featuring a Corannulene Core and Five N‐doped Heptagons
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Peng , Chen Zuo‐Chang , Tian Han‐Rui , Zhang Wen‐Xin , Ying Si‐Wei , Du Peng , Chen Bin‐Wen , Yao Yang‐Rong , Wu Yin‐Fu , Zhang Mei‐Lin , Deng Shun‐Liu , Zhang Qianyan , Xie Su‐Yuan , Zheng Lan‐Sun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA pyrrole‐fused analogue of warped nanographene, designated as deca‐nitrogen doped ′WNG′ (azaWNG), was synthesized through the annular fusion of decapyrroylcorannulene. The resulting azaWNG exhibited extremely limited solubility in common organic solvents and was characterized solely by mass spectrometry. Theoretical calculations revealed that azaWNG has a sunflower‐like molecular structure with electron‐deficient corannulene as the core and electron‐rich pyrrole as the petals, demonstrating a significantly narrower energy gap compared to all‐carbon WNG. To improve its solubility and facilitate precise structural characterization, iodine monochloride was utilized for edge‐perchlorination of azaWNG, enabling successful separation and purification of chlorinated azaWNG in solution phase. X‐ray crystallography analysis unequivocally confirmed that edge‐perchlorinated azaWNG contains 5 heptagons and 11 pentagons embedded within the warped π skeleton. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicated that the first oxidation potential of azaWNG is −0.59 V, representing the lowest value reported for any previously studied aza‐nanographene. Consequently, azaWNG can be readily oxidized by AgPF6 or even atmospheric oxygen to yield stable oxidation states, as corroborated by UV/Visible absorption spectroscopy; this behavior is attributed to the fusion of ten pyrroles around corannulene. This work marks the first instance of nitrogen doping in WNG (C80H30), underscoring the significant modification to electronic structure induced by such doping.