bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive scatter kernel deconvolution modeling for cone‐beam CT scatter correction via deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Piao Zun , Deng Wenxin , Huang Shuang , Lin Guoqin , Qin Peishan , Li Xu , Wu Wangjiang , Qi Mengke , Zhou Linghong , Li Bin , Ma Jianhui , Xu Yuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundScattering photons can seriously contaminate cone‐beam CT (CBCT) image quality with severe artifacts and substantial degradation of CT value accuracy, which is a major concern limiting the widespread application of CBCT in the medical field. The scatter kernel deconvolution (SKD) method commonly used in clinic requires a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation to determine numerous quality‐related kernel parameters, and it cannot realize intelligent scatter kernel parameter optimization, causing limited accuracy of scatter estimation.PurposeAiming at improving the scatter estimation accuracy of the SKD algorithm, an intelligent scatter correction framework integrating the SKD with deep reinforcement learning (DRL) scheme is proposed.MethodsOur method firstly builds a scatter kernel model to iteratively convolve with raw projections, and then the deep Q‐network of the DRL scheme is introduced to intelligently interact with the scatter kernel to achieve a projection adaptive parameter optimization. The potential of the proposed framework is demonstrated on CBCT head and pelvis simulation data and experimental CBCT measurement data. Furthermore, we have implemented the U‐net based scatter estimation approach for comparison.ResultsThe simulation study demonstrates that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the proposed method is less than 9.72% and the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) is higher than 23.90 dB, while for the conventional SKD algorithm, the minimum MAPE is 17.92% and the maximum PSNR is 19.32 dB. In the measurement study, we adopt a hardware‐based beam stop array algorithm to obtain the scatter‐free projections as a comparison baseline, and our method can achieve superior performance with MAPE < 17.79% and PSNR > 16.34 dB.ConclusionsIn this paper, we propose an intelligent scatter correction framework that integrates the physical scatter kernel model with DRL algorithm, which has the potential to improve the accuracy of the clinical scatter correction method to obtain better CBCT imaging quality.
Surface modifications of TiO2 nanostructured materials induced by 120 MeV Ag ions
Authors: Tripathy Bipin Bihari , Rath Haripriya , Mishra Naresh Chandra , Das Jayashree , Mishra Dilip Kumar 
Published: July 2023

The effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on structural, optical, and microstructural properties of TiO2 has been studied. Pellets prepared from TiO2 nanoparticles have been irradiated by 120 MeV Ag ions at different fluences ranging from 5 × 1011 to 1 × 1013 ions cm−2. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, UV–visible, and photoluminescence (PL) studies indicated anatase phase both in as‐prepared and irradiated pellets. XRD study revealed the crystallite size of the particles as ~16 nm, which is close to the upper limit of the particle size where anatase phase is most stable. Our study thus established the importance of the initial microstructure on the irradiation response of the nanoparticles. Though irradiation did not affect the crystal structure and the polycrystalline nature of the anatase TiO2, it suppressed the crystalline volume fraction. Poisson fitting of the suppression of XRD peak area with irradiation fluence revealed radius of the track of each 120 MeV Ag ion in TiO2 nanoparticles as ~2.1 nm. Irradiation, in addition to creating disorder, darkened the surface of the pellets because of the creation of oxygen vacancies in the TiO6 octahedra. Reorganization of these defects led to suppression of the band gap of TiO2 nanoparticles from 3.19 eV of the pristine sample to 3 eV for samples irradiated beyond a critical fluences 3 × 1012 ions cm−2. The size of the nanoparticles and their agglomeration remained unaffected by irradiation as indicated by field emission scanning electron micrographs.
A global phylogeny of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) and its systematic implications
Authors: Zhou Xin‐Mao , Yang Jian‐Jun , Liang Zhen‐Long , Pollawatn Rossarin , Knapp Ralf , Parris Barbara , Sundue Michael , Ranker Tom A. , Zhou Lin , Lu Ngan Thi , Luong Thien Tam , Wan Xia , He Zhao‐Rong , Zhao Jing , Zhang Liang , Zhang Li‐Bing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGrammitidoideae are the largest subfamily in Polypodiaceae and contain about 911 species. Progress has been made in understanding the overall phylogeny and generic boundaries in the light of recent molecular works. However, the majority of species, especially Asian species, and some critical type species of genera remain unsampled. In this study, a dataset of six plastid markers of 1003 (112 new) accessions representing ca. 412 species of Grammitidoideae including the type species of Ctenopterella, Grammitis, Moranopteris, Radiogrammitis, and Themelium, was assembled to infer a phylogeny. Our major results include: (1) the type species of Grammitis is successfully sequenced using a next‐generation sequencing technique and is resolved in Grammitis s.str. as expected; (2) Ctenopterella is found to be polyphyletic and a new clade consisting of C. khaoluangensis is resolved as sister to Tomophyllum; (3) the type species of Ctenopterella is resolved in a clade sister to the C. lasiostipes clade; (4) Oreogrammitis is found to be polyphyletic and three clades outside of the core Oreogrammitis are identified containing O. subevenosa and allies, O. orientalis, and O. beddomeana (+ O. cf. beddomeana); (5) Prosaptia is found to be paraphyletic with P. nutans being sister to a clade containing the rest of Prosaptia and Archigrammitis; (6) the intergeneric and major relationships within the Asia‐Pacific clade are well resolved and strongly supported except for a few branches; (7) extensive cryptic speciation is detected in the Asia‐Pacific clade; and (8) based on the polyphyly of Ctenopterella we describe three new genera, Boonkerdia, Oxygrammitis, and Rouhania, for species formerly in Ctenopterella; because the type species of Grammitis belongs to Grammitis s.str., we describe five new genera, Aenigmatogrammitis, Grammitastrum (stat. nov.), Howeogrammitis, Nanogrammitis, and Thalassogrammitis for species formerly in Grammitis s.l. A key to the 35 Old‐World genera is given, a taxonomic treatment is presented, and the morphology of all new genera is shown with either a color plate and/or a line drawing.
Development of a wind turbine model and simulation platform using an acausal approach: Multiphysics modeling, validation, and control
Authors: Odeh Mohammad , Mohsin Kazi , Ngo Tri , Zalkind Daniel , Jonkman Jason , Wright Alan , Robertson Amy , Das Tuhin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article presents the development of the Control‐oriented, Reconfigurable, and Acausal Floating Turbine Simulator (CRAFTS). CRAFTS has a modular, hierarchical model architecture that enables rapid and accurate simulation of wind turbines. The architecture facilitates the incorporation of model variants, and its system reconfiguration features help simulate multiple design variants. CRAFTS also supports the integration of models developed on a causality‐free platform (e.g., Modelica®) with existing causal models. This article focuses on the validation of a land‐based wind turbine models against OpenFAST, an industry‐standard platform, for several test cases. Closed‐loop scenarios are also tested using the standard ROSCO controller and compared against OpenFAST. In addition, a nonlinear controller developed in our prior work is also evaluated. The test cases demonstrate the user‐friendly and computationally efficient capabilities of CRAFTS to facilitate control co‐design, assist in incorporating multiphysics models, be adaptable to design variants, and allow for rapid simulations to validate models and evaluate controllers.
Towards Advanced Applications
Authors: Witczak Marcin , Seybold Lothar , Bulach Eric , Maucher Niko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe chapter aims at providing a list of selected potential applications of KIS.ME. They stems from the authors’ scientific deliberations and can be perceived as prospective proofs-of-concept, possible to be deployed in various industries. The chapter starts with modelling users and their interactions, which include various important components, e.g., experience and performance. The resulting models make it possible to schedule the work of human operators in a reasonable and predictable way. In particular, two cases are considered, i.e., assembly and transportation tasks. In the former, it is shown how to use these models for integrating user operators in a semi-automated assembly system. In the latter, the concept of human-operated multiple transporters is introduced. Additionally, as most indoor transporters use various kinds of accumulators, it is profitable to take into account their health. Thus, it is shown how to include such information in the scheduling procedure. As a result, the overall accumulator health of a transporter fleet can be balanced. Subsequently, an advanced training exercise is presented, which pertains to work scheduling of three workers operating a conveyor belt. Finally, the chapter is concluded with a concise summary.
The character table of the finite Chevalley group $$F_4(q)$$ for q a power of 2
Authors: Geck Meinolf 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLet q be a prime power and $$F_4(q)$$

F
4

(
q
)

be the Chevalley group of type $$F_4$$

F
4

over a finite field with q elements. Marcelo and Shinoda (Tokyo J Math 18:303–340, 1995) determined the values of the unipotent characters of $$F_4(q)$$

F
4

(
q
)

on all unipotent elements, extending earlier work by Kawanaka and Lusztig to small characteristics. Assuming that q is a power of 2, we explain how to construct the complete character table of $$F_4(q)$$

F
4

(
q
)

.
Electrophysiological signatures of temporal context in the bisection task
Authors: Baykan Cemre , Zhu Xiuna , Zinchenko Artyom , Müller Hermann J. , Shi Zhuanghua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite having relatively accurate timing, subjective time can be influenced by various contexts, such as stimulus spacing and sample frequency. Several electroencephalographic (EEG) components have been associated with timing, including the contingent negative variation (CNV), offset P2, and late positive component of timing (LPCt). However, the specific role of these components in the contextual modulation of perceived time remains unclear. In this study, we conducted two temporal bisection experiments to investigate this issue. Participants had to judge whether a test duration was close to a short or long standard. Unbeknownst to them, we manipulated the stimulus spacing (Experiment 1) and sample frequency (Experiment 2) to create short and long contexts while maintaining consistent test ranges and standards across different sessions. The results revealed that the bisection threshold shifted towards the ensemble mean, and both CNV and LPCt were sensitive to context modulation. In the short context, the CNV exhibited an increased climbing rate compared to the long context, whereas the LPCt displayed reduced amplitude and latency. These findings suggest that the CNV represents an expectancy wave preceding a temporal decision process, while the LPCt reflects the decision-making process itself, with both components influenced by the temporal context.
The Solvability of Consensus in Iterated Models Extended with Safe-Consensus
Authors: Conde Rodolfo , Rajsbaum Sergio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe safe-consensus task was introduced by Afek, Gafni and Lieber (DISC’ 09) as a weakening of the classic consensus. When there is concurrency, the consensus output can be arbitrary, not even the input of any process. They showed that safe-consensus is equivalent to consensus, in a wait-free system. We study the solvability of consensus in three shared memory iterated models extended with the power of safe-consensus black boxes. In the first iterated model, for thei-th iteration, the processes write to memory, then they snapshot it and finally they invoke safe-consensus boxes. We prove that in this model, consensus cannot be implemented. In a second iterated model, processes first invoke safe-consensus, then they write to memory and finally they snapshot it. We show that this model is equivalent to the previous model and thus consensus cannot be implemented. In the last iterated model, processes write to the memory, invoke safe-consensus boxes and finally they snapshot the memory. We show that in this model, any wait-free implementation of consensus requires$$\Omega (n^{2})$$Ω(n2)safe-consensus black-boxes and this bound is tight.
Microbial and enzymatic changes in cigar tobacco leaves during air-curing and fermentation
Authors: Zhang Qing , Kong Guanghui , Zhao Gaokun , Liu Jun , Jin Honggang , Li Zhihua , Zhang Guanghai , Liu Tao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Metabolic enzyme activity and microbial composition of the air-curing and fermentation processes determine the quality of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs). In this study, we reveal the evolution of the dominant microorganisms and microbial community structure at different stages of the air-curing and fermentation processes of CTLs. The results showed that the changes in metabolic enzymes occurred mainly during the air-curing phase, with polyphenol oxidase (PPO) being the most active at the browning phase. Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Vibrio, Monographella, Bipolaris, and Aspergillus were the key microorganisms in the air-curing and fermentation processes. Principal coordinate analysis revealed significant separation of microbial communities between the air-curing and fermentation phases. Redundancy analysis showed that bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Acidobacteriota and fungi such as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were correlated with enzyme activity and temperature and humidity. Bacteria mainly act in sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, while fungi mainly degrade lignin, cellulose, and pectin through saprophytic action. Spearman correlation network analysis showed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the key bacterial taxa, while Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes were the key fungal taxa. This research provides the basis for improving the quality of cigars by improving the air-curing and fermentation processes.

Key points
• Changes in POD and PPO activity control the color change of CTLs at the air-curing stage.
• Monographella, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio play an important role in air-curing and fermentation.
• Environmental temperature and humidity mainly affect the fermentation process, whereas bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Acidobacteriota and fungi such as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are associated with enzyme activity and temperature and humidity.

Graphical Abstract
The prognostic significance of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: a Swedish multi-center study
Authors: Rantanen Petri , Keränen Anne , Barot Shabane , Ghazi Sam , Liljegren Annelie , Nordenvall Caroline , Lindblom Annika , Lindforss Ulrik 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
About 10 to 15% of patients with sporadic colorectal cancer display mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes shown as microsatellite instability (MSI). Previous reports of colorectal cancer (CRC) indicate a better prognosis for patients with MSI tumors compared to patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. In this study, our aim was to investigate whether MSI is an independent prognostic factor in CRC.

Patients and methods
Patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer and subject to curative surgery during 2002–2006 in the Swedish low-risk colorectal cancer study group cohort were eligible for inclusion. Deficient MMR (dMMR) status was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or by MSI testing with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Prognostic follow-up and treatment data were retrieved from patient records. Statistical analyses to assess MSI-status and prognosis were done using logistic regression and survival analyses using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression hazards models adjusted for age, sex, stage, comorbidity, and tumor location.

Results
In total, 463 patients were included, MSI high tumors were present in 66 patients (14%), and the remaining 397 were MSS/MSI low. Within 6 years, distant recurrences were present in 9.1% and 20.2% (P = 0.049), and death occurred in 25.8% and 31.5% in MSI and MSS patients, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in overall mortality (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.46–1.38), relapse-free survival (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.50–1.36), or cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.60, 95% CI 0.73–3.51).

Conclusion
Despite distant metastases being less common in patients with MSI, there was no association between MSI and overall, relapse-free, or cancer-specific survival.
Evaluating ChatGPT as an adjunct for the multidisciplinary tumor board decision-making in primary breast cancer cases
Authors: Lukac Stefan , Dayan Davut , Fink Visnja , Leinert Elena , Hartkopf Andreas , Veselinovic Kristina , Janni Wolfgang , Rack Brigitte , Pfister Kerstin , Heitmeir Benedikt , Ebner Florian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
As the available information about breast cancer is growing every day, the decision-making process for the therapy is getting more complex. ChatGPT as a transformer-based language model possesses the ability to write scientific articles and pass medical exams. But is it able to support the multidisciplinary tumor board (MDT) in the planning of the therapy of patients with breast cancer?

Material and Methods
We performed a pilot study on 10 consecutive cases of breast cancer patients discussed in MDT at our department in January 2023. Included were patients with a primary diagnosis of early breast cancer. The recommendation of MDT was compared with the recommendation of the ChatGPT for particular patients and the clinical score of the agreement was calculated.

Results
Results showed that ChatGPT provided mostly general answers regarding chemotherapy, breast surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and antibody therapy. It was able to identify risk factors for hereditary breast cancer and point out the elderly patient indicated for chemotherapy to evaluate the cost/benefit effect. ChatGPT wrongly identified the patient with Her2 1 + and 2 + (FISH negative) as in need of therapy with an antibody and called endocrine therapy “hormonal treatment”.

Conclusions
Support of artificial intelligence by finding individualized and personalized therapy for our patients in the time of rapidly expanding amount of information is looking for the ways in the clinical routine. ChatGPT has the potential to find its spot in clinical medicine, but the current version is not able to provide specific recommendations for the therapy of patients with primary breast cancer.
Incidence of venous thromboembolism following head and neck surgery
Authors: Albertsen Ida E. , Lyhne Nina M. , Larsen Torben B. , Nielsen Peter B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgery, but conflicting data exist on VTE risk in patients undergoing head and neck surgery for malignant and non-malignant conditions. Our aim was to examine the risk of VTE among patients with and without cancer undergoing head and neck surgery.

Methods
We conducted a nationwide cohort study to examine the risk of VTE among patients with an otolaryngological diagnosis using data from the Danish National Patient Register between 2010 and 2018. Analyses were stratified by cancer and anatomical areas of the surgical procedure.

Results
In total, 116,953 patients were included of whom 10% (n = 12,083) had active cancer. After 3 months, 1.2% of the patients with cancer and 0.3% of the patients without cancer experienced VTE, respectively. For patients undergoing mouth/throat surgery, 0.8% with cancer and 0.2% without cancer had VTE, respectively. After nose/sinuses surgery 0.7% and 0.2%, respectively. No patients experienced VTE after ear surgery; and after endoscopies the numbers were 1.3% and 0.6% respectively.

Conclusions
While the minority of patients undergoing head and neck surgery develop VTE postoperatively, the risk increases among those with cancer. To support clinical decision making on anticoagulation, risk stratification tools could be further developed to recognize this hazard in patients with cancer undergoing head and neck surgery.
Evaluation of myotonometry for myotonia, muscle stiffness and elasticity in neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Lukas Katharina , Gutschmidt Kristina , Schoser Benedikt , Wenninger Stephan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeuromuscular disorders show extremely varied expressions of different symptoms and the involvement of muscles. Non-invasively, myotonia and muscle stiffness are challenging to measure objectively. Our study aims to test myotonia, elasticity, and stiffness in various neuromuscular diseases and to provide reference values for different neuromuscular disease groups using a novel handheld non-invasive myometer device MyotonPRO®. We conducted a monocentric blinded cross-sectional study in patients with a set of distinct neuromuscular diseases (NCT04411732, date of registration June 2, 2020). Fifty-two patients in five groups and 21 healthy subjects were enrolled. We evaluated motor function (6-min walk test, handheld dynamometry, Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale) and used ultrasound imaging to assess muscle tissue (Heckmatt scale). We measured muscle stiffness, frequency, decrement, creep, or relaxation using myotonometry with the device MyotonPRO®. Statistically, all values were calculated using the t test and Mann–Whitney U test. No differences were found in comparing the results of myotonometry between healthy and diseased probands. Furthermore, we did not find significant results in all five disease groups regarding myotonometry correlating with muscle strength or ultrasound imaging results. In summary, the myometer MyotonPRO® could not identify significant differences between healthy individuals and neuromuscular patients in our patient collective. Additionally, this device could not distinguish between the five different groups of disorders displaying increased stiffness or decreased muscle tone due to muscle atrophy. In contrast, classic standard muscle tests could clearly decipher healthy controls and neuromuscular patients.
The role of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in the management of early pancreatic cancer
Authors: Maloney Sarah , Clarke Stephen J. , Sahni Sumit , Hudson Amanda , Colvin Emily , Mittal Anubhav , Samra Jaswinder , Pavlakis Nick 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite modern advances in cancer medicine, pancreatic cancer survival remains unchanged at just 12%. For the small proportion of patients diagnosed with ‘early’ (upfront or borderline resectable) disease, recurrences are common, and many recur soon after surgery. Whilst chemotherapy has been shown to increase survival in this cohort, the morbidity of surgery renders many candidates unsuitable for adjuvant treatment. Due to this, and the success of upfront chemotherapy in the advanced setting, use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been introduced in patients with upfront or borderline resectable disease. Randomized controlled trials have been conducted to compare upfront surgery to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in this patient cohort, opinions on the ideal upfront treatment approach are divided. This lack of consensus has highlighted the need for biomarkers to assist in clinical decision making. This review analyses the potential diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers that may assist in the diagnosis and management of early (upfront and borderline resectable) pancreatic cancer.