bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonparametric group variable selection with multivariate response for connectome-based modelling of cognitive scores
Authors: Roy Arkaprava 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study association between the structural connectivity and cognitive profiles using a multi-response nonparametric regression model. The cognitive profiles are quantified by seven cognitive test scores, and structural connectivity is represented by nine nodal attributes of connectivity graphs. These nodal centralities together encode different connectivity profiles in the brain network. Nodal attributes may be grouped together for each node, motivating us to introduce group sparsity for feature selection, and radial basis function (RBF)-nets are used to quantify the regression effects. An efficient computation algorithm is developed. Applying our proposed method to Human Connectome Project data, we obtain several interesting findings related to cognitive functioning.
The impact of directly observed therapy on the efficacy of Tuberculosis treatment: a Bayesian multilevel approach
Authors: Nobre Widemberg S , Schmidt Alexandra M , Moodie Erica E M , Stephens David A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We propose and discuss a Bayesian procedure to estimate causal effects for multilevel observations in the presence of confounding. This work is motivated by an interest in determining the causal impact of directly observed therapy on the successful treatment of Tuberculosis. We focus on propensity score regression and covariate adjustment to balance the treatment allocation. We discuss the need to include latent local-level random effects in the propensity score model to reduce bias in the estimation of causal effects. A simulation study suggests that accounting for the multilevel nature of the data with latent structures in both the outcome and propensity score models has the potential to reduce bias in the estimation of causal effects.
Contrastive Focus Reduplication in Kuwaiti Arabic
Authors: Albader Yousuf B 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study examines a case of total reduplication in Kuwaiti Arabic known as contrastive focus reduplication (i.e. complete copying of words or phrases). For example, tišrab čāy ḥalīb willa ČĀY–čāy? ‘Would you like to drink tea with milk, or TEA–tea’ [denoting black tea as opposed to karak chai]. The study explores the morpho-semantic properties of this construction in the dialect, shows the different meanings it allows and how it elucidates the permissible lexical units that can be reduplicated. The reduplication of a lexical item can be applied to a range of grammatical and lexical categories. Over 150 samples were collected by observing contrastive focus reduplication from participants’ (male and female native Kuwaiti speakers in their twenties and seventies) natural speech in everyday conversations. This study contributes to research on the prosody and grammar of the dialect and the theory of semantics, thereby enhancing understanding of reduplication and repetition in Semitic dialectology.1
Effects of landscape cover and yard features on feral and free-roaming cat (Felis catus) distribution, abundance and activity patterns in a suburban area
Authors: Johansson Emily P , DeGregorio Brett A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Feral and free-roaming domestic cats (Felis catus) are invasive predators throughout the world. In some areas, cats occur in higher densities than native mammalian predators and can have severe effects upon prey populations. We set 48 wildlife game cameras in residential yards in Arkansas, USA, to evaluate which landscape and yard features influenced cat abundance occurring in yards. In addition, we quantified the daily activity patterns of free-roaming cats and explored how habitat features or predator activity influenced the timing of cat activity. We found that cats were present in 70.8% of yards with an average of three recognizable individuals per yard. Abundance of cats was higher than all native mesopredators except for raccoon (Procyon lotor) and Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Cat abundance and minimum population decreased when forest cover was high within 400 m of the camera. Cats were active at all times of the day but tended to be more diurnal in areas closer to city centers or in agricultural settings. Conversely, cats were more nocturnal later in the summer and in areas that had high levels of predator activity. Our results indicate that cats are widespread in this region and their relative abundance is driven more by landscape features than by yard features, possibly due to their large home ranges. Cats may alter their activity to better coexist with predators. Alteration in yard features is unlikely to be an effective deterrent for cats and more direct control measures may be necessary.
Metabolic and morphostructural plasticity of environmental and animal strains of Nannizzia gypsea
Authors: Corrêa-Junior Dario , Avellar-Moura Igor , Araújo Glauber R de S , de Andrade Iara Bastos , Almeida-Silva Fernando , Ramos Mariana Lucy Mesquita , Almeida-Paes Rodrigo , Frases Susana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nannizzia gypsea is a geophylic agent of human and animal dermatophytosis. This study compares the metabolic and morphostructural plasticity of N. gypsea strains isolated from moss, sand, and a dog. The in vitro metabolic plasticity included the detection of extracellular enzymes, thermotolerance, resistance to oxidative stress, and assessment of fungal growth. Structural plasticity studies included cell surface hydrophobicity, electronegativity, and size of macroconidia. Virulence was assessed on a Tenebrio molitor model. The strains showed low thermotolerance and susceptibility to oxidative stress, and were producers of keratinase, lipase, and catalase. Nannizzia gypsea strains were unable to produce hemolysin, esterase, and phospholipase, although they were able to grow with different carbon sources. The electronegative properties of the surface did not vary between the strains under study. The knowledge about N. gypsea metabolic and morphostructural plasticity could be crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies and control of dermatophytosis.
Identifying disappearance of a white dwarf binary with LISA
Authors: Seto Naoki 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We discuss the prospect of identifying a white dwarf binary merger by monitoring disappearance of its nearly monochromatic gravitational wave. For a 10 yr operation of the laser interferometer space antenna (LISA), the chance probability of observing such an event is roughly estimated to be 20 per cent. By simply using short-term coherent signal integrations, we might determine the merger time with an accuracy of ∼3–10 d. Also considering its expected sky localizability ∼0.1–0.01 deg2, LISA might make an interesting contribution to the multimessenger study on a merger event.
Gravity waves in strong magnetic fields
Authors: Rui Nicholas Z , Fuller Jim 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Strong magnetic fields in the cores of stars are expected to significantly modify the behaviour of gravity waves: this is likely the origin of suppressed dipole modes observed in many red giants. However, a detailed understanding of how such fields alter the spectrum and spatial structure of magnetogravity waves has been elusive. For a dipole field, we analytically characterize the horizontal eigenfunctions of magnetogravity modes, assuming that the wavevector is primarily radial. For axisymmetric modes (m = 0), the magnetogravity wave eigenfunctions become Hough functions, and they have a radial turning point for sufficiently strong magnetic fields. For non-axisymmetric modes (m ≠ 0), the interaction between the discrete g-mode spectrum and a continuum of Alfvén waves produces nearly discontinuous features in the fluid displacements at critical latitudes associated with a singularity in the fluid equations. We find that magnetogravity modes cannot propagate in regions with sufficiently strong magnetic fields, instead becoming evanescent. When encountering strong magnetic fields, ingoing gravity waves are likely refracted into outgoing slow magnetic waves. These outgoing waves approach infinite radial wavenumbers, which are likely to be damped efficiently. However, it may be possible for a small fraction of the wave power to escape the stellar core as pure Alfvén waves or magnetogravity waves confined to a very narrow equatorial band. The artificially sharp features in the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin-separated solutions suggest the need for global mode solutions which include small terms neglected in our analysis.
Neighbourhood effects on loneliness among adolescents
Authors: Marquez Jose , Qualter Pamela , Petersen Kimberly , Humphrey Neil , Black Louise 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Loneliness is a growing public health concern, but little is known about how place affects loneliness, especially during adolescence. This is the first study to examine the influence of neighbourhoods on loneliness in early-to-mid adolescence.

Methods
Baseline data from the #BeeWell cohort study in Greater Manchester (England), including 36 141 adolescents (aged 12–15 years) across 1590 neighbourhoods, were linked to neighbourhood characteristics using administrative data at the level of lower super output areas and analysed using multilevel regression.

Results
Neighbourhood differences explained 1.18% of the variation in loneliness. Ethnic, gender and sexual orientation inequalities in loneliness varied across neighbourhoods. Several neighbourhood characteristics predicted loneliness at the individual level, including skills deprivation among children and young people, lower population density and perceptions of the local area (feeling safe; trust in local people; feeling supported by local people; seeing neighbours as helpful; the availability of good places to spend free time). Finally, a longer distance from home to school was associated with significantly higher loneliness.

Conclusions
Neighbourhoods account for a small but significant proportion of the variation in adolescent loneliness, with some neighbourhood characteristics predicting loneliness at the individual level, and loneliness disparities for some groups differing across neighbourhoods.
The Design of Macroprudential Stress Tests
Authors: Orlov Dmitry , Zryumov Pavel , Skrzypacz Andrzej 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the design of stress tests that provide information about aggregate and idiosyncratic risk in banks’ portfolios and impose contingent capital requirements. In the optimal static test, an adverse scenario fails all weak and some strong banks, limiting the stigma of failure. Sequential tests outperform static tests. Under natural conditions, the optimal sequential test consists of a precautionary recapitalization, followed by a scenario that fails only weak banks, similar to TARP in 2008, followed by SCAP in 2009. Our results also shed light on the Federal Reserve’s decision to test the banks twice in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Posttranscriptional regulation of the prostaglandin E receptor spliced‐isoform EP3‐γ and its implication in pancreatic β‐cell failure
Authors: Srivastava Rohit , Horwitz Margalit , Hershko‐Moshe Anat , Bronstein Shirly , Ben‐Dov Iddo Z. , Melloul Danielle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn Type 2 diabetes (T2D), elevated lipid levels have been suggested to contribute to insulin resistance and β‐cell dysfunction. We previously reported that the expression of the PGE2 receptor EP3 is elevated in islets of T2D individuals and is preferentially stimulated by palmitate, leading to β‐cell failure. The mouse EP3 receptor generates three isoforms by alternative splicing which differ in their C‐terminal domain and are referred to as mEP3α, mEP3β, and mEP3γ. We bring evidence that the expression of the mEP3γ isoform is elevated in islets of diabetic db/db mice and is selectively upregulated by palmitate. Specific knockdown of the mEP3γ isoform restores the expression of β‐cell‐specific genes and rescues MIN6 cells from palmitate‐induced dysfunction and apoptosis. This study indicates that palmitate stimulates the expression of the mEP3γ by a posttranscriptional mechanism, compared to the other spliced isoforms, and that the de novo synthesized ceramide plays an important role in FFA‐induced mEP3γ expression in β‐cells. Moreover, induced levels of mEP3γ mRNA by palmitate or ceramide depend on p38 MAPK activation. Our findings suggest that mEP3γ gene expression is regulated at the posttranscriptional level and defines the EP3 signaling axis as an important pathway mediating β‐cell‐impaired function and demise.
Kupffer cell pyroptosis mediated by METTL3 contributes to the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Pan Xue‐sheng , Li Bo‐wen , Wang Li‐li , Li Ning , Lin Hui‐min , Zhang Jin , Du Na , Zhu Yue‐qin , Wu Xian , Hu Cheng‐mu , Wu Wen‐yong , Hou Hui , Zhao Hong‐chuan , Liao Song‐yan , Yang Ya‐nan , Huang Yan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChronic alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). Previous studies have shown that direct injury of hepatocytes is the key factor in its occurrence and development. However, our study shows that the role of Kupffer cells in ASH cannot be ignored. We isolated Kupffer cells from the livers of ASH mice and found that alcohol consumption induced Kupffer cell pyroptosis and increased the release of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Furthermore, we screened the related m6A enzyme methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) from liver Kupffer cells, and found that silencing METTL3 alleviated inflammatory cytokine eruption by Kupffer cell pyroptosis in ASH mice. In vitro, we silenced METTL3 with lentivirus in BMDMs and RAW264.7 cells and confirmed that METTL3 could reduce pyroptosis by influencing the splicing of pri‐miR‐34A. Together, our results revealed a critical role of KC pyroptosis in ASH and highlighted the mechanism by which METLL3 relieves cell pyroptosis, which could be a promising therapeutic strategy for ASH.
Typewriter Tinnitus: Value of ABR as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Indicator
Authors: Sun Huiying , Yang Ruizhe , Jiang Hong , Tian Xu , Zhao Yang , Gao Zhiqiang , Wu Haiyan 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Typewriter tinnitus refers to a special kind of staccato tinnitus, which is mostly described by patients as Morse code, popcorn, or machine-gun. It has been accepted that the mechanism of typewriter tinnitus is caused by the neurovascular compression of the cochleovestibular nerve. Patients who suffered from typewriter tinnitus have exhibited a good response to carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine, but there is a risk of recurrence after treatment cessation. The present study aims to determine the value of auditory brainstem response (ABR) in diagnosing typewriter tinnitus and predicting relapse after drug withdrawal.

Methods:
Patients who presented with typewriter tinnitus from March 2019 to March 2022 were included for the present retrospective study. The auditory and vestibular test results and drug treatment effects were collected and analyzed. Patients with idiopathic unilateral subjective tinnitus, who were matched by age to patients with typewriter tinnitus at a ratio of 2:1, were consecutively recruited for the control group.

Results:
Eighteen patients with typewriter tinnitus and 38 controls were included. Ears with typewriter tinnitus had longer interpeak latency (IPL) I-III, and wave III and V latencies, and a higher ratio of IPL I-III ≥2.3 ms based on ABR, when compared to the unaffected side and controls (p<0.05). Seventeen patients with typewriter tinnitus responded positively to medication. Among these patients, seven patients had a relapse after drug cessation, while 10 patients did not have a relapse. The relapse group had significantly longer IPL I-III and wave V latency, older age, and poorer hearing, when compared to the nonrelapse group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, IPL I-III had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the optimal cutoff was 2.4 ms (sensitivity, 100.0%; specificity, 66.7%). There were no significant differences in other demography or other clinical test results between the relapse and nonrelapse groups (p > 0.05). Ramsay Hunt syndrome and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders were identified in two cases.

Conclusion:
Prolonged IPL I-III based on ABR can help in the diagnosis of typewriter tinnitus and its prognosis after treatment cessation. Patients with IPL I-III greater than 2.4 ms, older age and poorer hearing are more likely to relapse. In addition to the neurovascular conflict of the cochleovestibular nerve, the etiologies of neuroinflammation and demyelinating diseases are also possible for typewriter tinnitus.
Electroconvulsive Therapy: Mechanisms of Action, Clinical Considerations, and Future Directions
Authors: Kritzer Michael D. , Peterchev Angel V. , Camprodon Joan A. 
Published: May 2023

Learning objectives:
• Outline and discuss the fundamental physiologic, cellular, and molecular mechanisms of ECT to devise strategies to optimize therapeutic outcomes
• Summarize the overview of ECT, its efficacy in treating depression, the known effects on cognition, evidence of mechanisms, and future directions.

Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for a variety of psychiatric illnesses, including treatment-resistant depression, bipolar depression, mania, catatonia, and clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. ECT is a medical and psychiatric procedure whereby electrical current is delivered to the brain under general anesthesia to induce a generalized seizure. ECT has evolved a great deal since the 1930s. Though it has been optimized for safety and to reduce adverse effects on cognition, issues persist. There is a need to understand fundamental physiologic, cellular, and molecular mechanisms of ECT to devise strategies to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Clinical trials that set out to adjust parameters, electrode placement, adjunctive medications, and patient selection are critical steps towards the goal of improving outcomes with ECT. This narrative review provides an overview of ECT, its efficacy in treating depression, its known effects on cognition, evidence of its mechanisms, and future directions.
Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography for Ab Interno Trabecular Bypass Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Ang Bryan C.H. , Betzler Bjorn K. , Lim Sheng Yang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a case of a novel surgical technique utilizing intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) to aid implantation and optimal placement of 2 trabecular bypass minimally invasive glaucoma surgery devices—the iStent inject W and the Hydrus microstent. In iStent inject W implantation, where the depth of stent implantation has been correlated to postoperative outcomes. the iOCT allowed real-time appreciation of device implantation depth relative to the trabecular meshwork surface. In Hydrus microstent implantation, the iOCT allowed confirmation of successful stent placement within the Schlemm canal, and may help in cases where intraoperative gonioscopic view of the 3 microstent windows is impeded. This case demonstrated the use of the iOCT as an imaging adjunct to ensure optimal placement of trabecular bypass minimally invasive glaucoma surgery devices such as the iStent inject W and Hydrus microstent.
Is Kawasaki Disease Caused by a Respiratory Virus?
Authors: Rand Kenneth H. , Bhaduri-McIntosh Sumita , Gurka Matthew J. , Chi Xiaofei , Harris Alyssa 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Kawasaki disease is characterized by high fever, rash, cervical lymphadenopathy, conjunctival injection, oral mucous membrane changes and swelling of the extremities followed by skin sloughing. Despite >50 years of study, no bacterial, viral or other infectious agent has been consistently associated with the illness. The lockdown and social distancing for COVID-19 in March 2020 led to a marked decrease in respiratory virus circulation. This provided an “experiment of nature” to determine whether Kawasaki disease would decline in parallel.

Methods:
Discharge ICD-10 diagnosis codes were obtained from the Vizient Clinical Data Base for Kawasaki disease and respiratory viruses, and analyzed for the age group < 5 years. Weekly respiratory virus positivity data were also obtained from BioFire Diagnostics.

Results:
Common enveloped respiratory viruses declined precipitously from April 2020 through March 2021 to levels at or below historical seasonal minimum levels. Kawasaki Disease declined about 40% compared with 2018–2019, which is distinctly different from the pattern seen for the enveloped respiratory viruses. Strong seasonality was seen for Kawasaki disease as far back as 2010, and correlated most closely with respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and less so with influenza virus suggesting there is a baseline level of Kawasaki disease activity that is heightened during yearly respiratory virus activity but that remains at a certain level even in the near total absence of respiratory viruses.

Conclusions:
The striking decrease in enveloped respiratory viruses after lockdown and social distancing was not paralleled by a comparable decrease in Kawasaki disease incidence, suggesting a different epidemiology.
Prevalence and global trends of polypharmacy in patients with chronic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Danjuma Mohammed Ibn-Mas’ud , Naseralallah Lina , Ansari Soubiya , Al Shebly Rafal , Elhams Mohammed , AlShamari Manwa , Kordi Ahmad , Fituri Nuha , AlMohammed Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Despite its central role in drug metabolism, the exact prevalence estimates and factors affecting global trends of polypharmacy in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) have remained unexamined. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy in patients with CLD and to comprehensively synthesize the socio-demographic factors that drive this.

Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive search of relevant databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Science citation index, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and database of abstracts of reviews of effectiveness) for studies published from inception to May 30, 2022 that reported on prevalence estimates of polypharmacy in patients with CLD. The risk of bias was conducted utilizing Loney criteria. The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of polypharmacy in patients with CLD. We subsequently performed a systematic review and weighted meta-analysis to ascertain the exact pooled prevalence of polypharmacy among patients with CLD.

Results:
We identified approximately 50 studies from the initial literature search, of which 7 (enrolling N = 521,435 patients) with CLD met the inclusion criteria; of these, 58.7% were male, with a mean age of 53.9 (SD ± 12.2) years. The overall pooled prevalence of polypharmacy among patients with CLD was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4%–66%, I
2 = 100%, τ2 ≤ 0.001, P ≤ .0001). We found higher pooled prevalence estimates among patients aged 50 years and older compared to their younger cohorts (42%, [CI 10–77]; I2
= 100%, P = <.001 vs 21%, [CI 0–70]; I2
= 100%, P = <.001).

Conclusion:
In an examination of multiple community- and hospital-based databases of patients with CLD, we found a pooled prevalence estimate of polypharmacy of approximately 31%. This represents a case burden within the range reported in the general population and will likely respond to mitigation strategies employed thus far for patients in that population.