bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Labyrinth Media to Stimulate Prosocial Behavior Skills of 5-6 years old Children in Purwakarta
Authors: Alsafiah Cut Mutia , Tabroni Imam , Mark Elladdadi , Maharjan Kailie 
Published: September 2023

This study aims to produce a valid labyrinth learning media to improve the ability of prosocial behavior in children aged 5-6 years. This research is a development research with the development model used by Sugiyono. In this study, researchers only used 7 (seven) stages, namely knowing problems and potential, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product trials and product manufacturing. The next stage was not carried out due to cost and time constraints. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire, where the questionnaire is validated by material experts, media experts and educators. The type of data generated is quantitative and qualitative data. The average percentage result of the pretest conducted on 3 children is 10.6%, proving that the child's condition is still in the undeveloped stage. Then the posttest was carried out, namely the condition after the child was given the labyrinth media, the average percentage result of this posttest was 14.6% which proved that the child experienced a change in condition to develop as expected. So it can be concluded that the Labyrinth media to improve the ability of prosocial behavior of children aged 5-6 years has met the criteria for validity.
Development of Traffic Maze Media to Stimulate Problem of 4-5 Years Old Children
Authors: Aliyah Nur , Tabroni Imam , Jixiong Cai , Wei Zhang 
Published: September 2023

This study aims to produce a valid Traffic Maze learning media to improve the fine motor skills of children aged 4-5 years. This research is a development research with the development model used by Sugiyono. In this study, researchers only used 7 (seven) stages, namely knowing problems and potential, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product trials and product manufacturing. The next stage was not carried out due to cost and time constraints. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire, where the questionnaire is validated by material experts, media experts and educators. The type of data generated is quantitative and qualitative data. The average percentage result of the pretest conducted on 3 children is 12.3%, proving that the child's condition is still in the stage of starting to develop. Then the posttest is carried out, namely the condition after the child is given the Traffic Maze media, the average percentage result of this posttest is 31% which proves that the child has changed the condition to develop as expected. So it can be concluded that Traffic Maze media to improve the problem solving ability of children aged 4-5 years has met the criteria for validity.
Manipulative Learning Media as an Effort to Improve Understanding of Tajweed Learning
Authors: Sa’adah Nur , Tabroni Imam , Wang Yuanyuan , Zou Guijiao 
Published: September 2023

This class action research aims to improve students' understanding of tajweed learning through the application of manaipulative media in class IV MDTA Al-Mubarokah. The data needed in this study using Cycle I and II techniques. The results showed that the level of understanding of students towards learning tajweed through the application of manipulative media had reached 80% in cycle I and 90% in Cycle II. With the application of manipulative learning media, of course, to make it easier for students to be able to think in understanding the concept of tajweed learning conveyed by the teacher. Thus, teachers must be creative and innovative in learning, how teachers can create interesting and fun learning methods and media to motivate students to learn tajweed.
3DEC Simulations of Dynamic Direct Shear Tests Considering Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC)
Authors: Kim B. H. , Larson M. K. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In general, the dynamic properties, e.g., dynamic rock modulus and dynamic rock (shear or tensile) strength are two to three times greater than static moduli and strengths. Thus, understanding the dynamic rock characteristics is necessary to improve the design of support systems in underground mines, nearly all of which are subject to dynamic loading. In this paper, we report the baseline results of an ongoing study. Experimental direct shear tests were conducted on jointed specimens that were created by 3D printer to represent 3D joint roughness coefficients (JRCs) of 12 and 17. These JRC values are relatively close, but they represent the roughness of a large proportion of joints found in underground mines. We also report the results of numerical direct shear tests using 3DEC modeling code that were conducted for the purpose of learning more about dynamic shear failure mechanisms. We performed static direct shear tests for the purpose of calibrating our models with the empirical solution. Results of these tests compared well with the empirical results. Subsequent dynamic numerical direct shear tests were performed using 3DEC, simulating the dynamic direct shear tests performed in the laboratory. The numerical direct shear stresses compared well with those of the laboratory tests. Furthermore, the results confirm that the ratio of dynamic to static shear strengths vary between approximately 2 and 3 in the range of normal stresses used in the tests.

INTRODUCTION
Dynamic failure in coal mines, known as "bursts" or "bumps," is one of the most challenging and persistent engineering problems associated with coal mining in highly stressed conditions. These events occur when stresses in a coal pillar, used for support in underground workings, exceed the critical strength of the pillar, causing the pillar to rupture without warning. These events can be exceptionally violent, ejecting coal and rock with explosive force [1, 2].
These events occur suddenly and often without warning. As such, miners often do not have the opportunity to move to safety before an event. Although relatively rare, dynamic failure events resulted in worker injury up to and including fatality in 52% of the reported cases occurring from 2000–2019. Moreover, the fatality rate is roughly ten times greater than that associated with roof falls, a leading cause of ground-control-related injuries in underground coal mines [3]. The risk associated with faults/fault zones and coal bumps has been acknowledged by several researchers in the literature. Mauck [4] and Peperakis [5] mention the risk of bumps with regard to the proximity of mining operations to faults. Some describe the role of faults in stress concentration [5-9], thus causing conditions with increased bursts/bumps risk. Others specifically mention fault slip and the resulting release of energy associated with bursts/bumps [5, 7-10].
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Rock Breakage Mechanisms of a Conical Diamond Element
Authors: Xiong Chao , Li Xinlong , Huang Zhongwei , Shi Huaizhong , He Wenhao , Chen Zhenliang 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The conical diamond element (CDE) is an innovative conical-shaped 3D cutter, which exhibits high rock-breaking efficiency in hard formation. But there are few researches on the rock breakage mechanism of CDE cutters. In this paper, a series of single cutter tests were conducted on granite. The rock breakage process, the initiation and propagation of micro-cracks, the surface topography and fracture morphology of the cutting groove and large-size debris were analyzed. A three-dimensional rock cutting model with a CDE cutter was established using the finite element method to study the stress distribution and rock damage evolution during the cutting process. The results show that the cutting process can be divided into two parts: crushing and chipping. There is a spherical stress concentration area formed at the tip of the CDE cutter. The rock breakage mechanism of the CDE cutter can be summarized as follows: the rock at the CDE cutter tip occurs shear-compression failure; the rock in front of the CDE is broken under the tensile action; tensile micro-cracks propagating to the rock inside can deteriorate rock strength. The key findings of this work will help to reveal the rock breakage mechanisms and provide guidelines for CDE bits design.

INTRODUCTION
Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) drill bits have been widely used for drilling wells in the exploitation of hydrocarbon and geothermal resources (Bellin et al. 2010) due to the high rock-breaking efficiency and long duration life. However, for deep and ultra-deep drilling, the conventional PDC cutter is facing the challenges of serious impact and wear damage (Brett et al. 2012). In order to improve the drilling performance of PDC drill bits in hard formation, Durrand et al. (2010) invented Conical Diamond Element (CDE), which has nearly twice as thick as polycrystalline diamond layer than the conventional PDC cutter, so the wear resistance and impact resistance is improved approximately 25% and 100% respectively (Azar et al. 2013). Since CDE was invented, the hybrid PDC drill bit, on which the CDE is strategically positioned at the bit center or behind the primary conventional PDC cutter, has drilled more than 26 million feet in hard and interbed formation. Based on the records, the hybrid PDC bits increased footage up to 77% with corresponding Rate of Penetration (ROP) increases up to 29% in the Permian Basin (Radhakrishnan et al. 2016).
Quantitative Analysis of the Effect of CO2 Adsorption on the Permeable Characteristics of Coal Under True Triaxial Stress Conditions
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Zhao Haifeng , Sun Yanqi , Xiao Lu 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
As a heterogeneous porous medium, the anisotropy of the coal body increases the difficulty of retesting and studying the mechanism of internal gas migration. Therefore, in this paper, we analyzed the mechanism of carbon dioxide adsorption properties in the evolution of coal body deformation and permeability. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The adsorption pressure of the coal body was divided into slow increase zone, stable increase zone, and rapid increase zone. (2) With the increasing pressure of the gas, there are two distinct turning points in the changing trend of coal permeability, which is divided into the slow increase zone and the rapid increase zone. (3) the effect of gas adsorption on the permeability of coal consisted of sensitive and insensitive areas. When the gas pressure was less than 1MPa, the impact of gas adsorption on the coal sample permeability was insignificant, while the effect was significant when the gas pressure was in the range of 1-2 MPa.

INTRODUCTION
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are the main components of greenhouse gases, which are mainly derived from the burning of non-coal fuels and exhaust from coal mines, respectively. The rapid increases in these two types of gases will trigger global warming issues. Implementation of CO2 capture and sequestration technology (CO2 capture and sequestration, CCS) can reduce CO2 emissions from the energy industry by 20% (Haszeldine, 2010; Oschatz & Antonietti, 2017). CO2 can be sealed in depleted oil and gas layers, and uneconomical coal seams(Konstantinovskaya et al., 2014; Rutqvist et al., 2008; Yamamoto et al., 2013). In particular, when sealed in coal seams, CBM can be replaced. Therefore, the intensive extraction of coal seam gas (CH4) and the realization of CO2 sequestration technology (CO2 sequestration in coals with enhanced coal-bed methane recovery, CO2-ECBM) have attracted extensive research attention from researchers in China and abroad (Li et al., 2011; P. Liu et al., 2019; Onoja et al., 2019; Raziperchikolaee & Mishra, 2019; Vilarrasa et al., 2010)
A New CFD Numerical Simulation Method for Mud-Positive Pulse Signal Generation and Propagation
Authors: Han Hu , Xue Liang , Fan Honghai 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), an integrated numerical model of the positive pulse generator with the upstream and downstream pipeline was established. Compared with the previous numerical simulation, this model can simulate the generation and transmission process of positive pulse signals efficiently and accurately for the first time. Based on the mechanical structure of the common positive pulse generator, the simplified two-dimensional axisymmetric geometric model of the flow region was established considering its flow symmetry characteristics. Combined with dynamic mesh and sliding mesh technology, the reciprocating motion of the valve is simulated, and a custom function controls the motion to generate low-frequency pulse signals. Comparing the new CFD model with the previous numerical model, it is found that with the periodic change of flow area, compression wave, and expansion wave are generated simultaneously in the upstream and downstream of the positive pulse, with the same frequency and opposite phase, which satisfies the transient hydrodynamics theory. Meanwhile, as the pressure wave propagates, the irregular pulse waveform becomes sinusoidal, and its amplitude decreases gradually. This paper presents a new CFD numerical model and simulation scheme, which can provide an efficient and accurate method for designing and simulating a mud pulse telemetry system.

INTRODUCTION
With the development of the global oil and gas exploration and development objects in the direction of "ultra-deep formation, unconventional formation, old development formation," the scale of horizontal wells has increased significantly, and there are many complex underground conditions (Antunes et al., 2015; Mwachaka et al., 2018). We need to integrate logging and measuring while drilling (LWD and MWD), downhole control, and big data analysis in real-time to solve the problems encountered during drilling and completion. As a wireless data transmission mode, mud pulse telemetry (MPT) has a long transmission distance, good economy, and wide application range (Jia et al., 2018; Chin et al., 2014). Among them, a positive pulse is developed earliest, with stable transmission and strong anti-interference ability.
Drawing the Frame of the Shale Barrier Window
Authors: Fjær E. , Larsen I. , Raaen A. M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Well completion usually implies that long sections of the hole are left with an open annulus between rock and casing. In soft shale formations, the in-situ stresses may be sufficiently large to squeeze the rock up against the casing and seal off the annulus, thus forming a so-called shale barrier. While the shale pressure against the casing enables the shale barrier, it may also result in casing failure if the pressure is too high or uneven. A functional shale barrier may therefore exist within a window, framed by non-barrier on one side and casing failure on the other. This paper describes the principles of a semi-analytical model designed to draw the frame of the shale barrier window. Through a set of examples, the model is used to illustrate qualitatively how the shale barrier window is affected by various parameters such as well path, rock strength and stiffness, in-situ pore pressure and stress anisotropy, and casing quality. It is also shown how the shale barrier window may evolve with time.

INTRODUCTION
In numerous wells penetrating shale formations, it has been observed that the shale may creep in and close the initially open annulus between rock and casing, thus forming a sealing shale barrier (Williams et al., 2009; Kristiansen et al., 2018). This reduces the risk of leakage along the well and may represent huge cost savings for the operator during P&A operations. A shale barrier may form if the in-situ stresses, which are pushing the shale towards the casing, are able to overcome the fluid pressure in the annulus, which is pushing the shale away from the casing, and the stress arch formed by the hoop stress within the shale around the hole. The strength of this stress arch depends on the shear stiffness and shear strength of the shale.
In stronger shales, the stress arch is able to resist the in-situ stresses, thus preventing the forming of a shale barrier. In very soft, weak shales on the other hand, the stress arch provides very little resistance against the in-situ stresses, thus leaving the heavy burden on the casing. This may result in casing failure unless the casing has the proper strength and dimensions.
A Synthetical Fracability Evaluation Method for Continental Shale Oil Reservoir
Authors: Xiaobing Bian , Qiuping Qin , Xudong Zhang , Yuan Gao , Liang Fu 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In China, jurassic continental shale oil resources are rich in Sichuan Basin. Jurassic continental shale oil resources has high clay mineral content, multiple limestone interbeds and variable longitudinal stress, which is barely considered in existing evaluation method. A synthetical fracability evaluation method was established considering six geological characteristic parameters including clay content, quartz content, interlayer thickness proportion, gas content, natural fracture, pressure coefficient, and five engineering characteristic parameters including Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, brittleness index, horizontal principal stress difference coefficient, interlayer and layer average stress difference. The grey system theory method was selected to calcualte the weight of each parameter considering the correlation degree between multiple parameters and production capacity. Case study demonstrats that the synthetical fracability index has a good positive correlation with the test oil and gas equivalent in the target region, providing guidance for the evaluation of jurassic continental shale oil reservoir.

JURASSIC CONTINENTAL SHALE OIL CHARACTERISTIC
In China, jurassic continental shale oil resources are rich in Sichuan Basin, which is a high clay shale with inorganic pores and extremely low porosity and permeability. The longitudinal lithology of jurassic reservoir varies greatly, the layer heterogeneity is strong and the fluid property is complex. The crude oil is rich in light components and is a high pressure near-saturated condensate gas reservoir (Jia et al, 2012; Zou et al, 2015; Li et al, 2022; Cai et al, 2022).
Compared with marine shales, jurassic continental shales have higher clay content ranging from 48% to 61% and strong plasticity, with mechanical brittleness index 0.383. The shale is also rich in limestone interlayers and dense laminated structure less than 3cm. Based on the mechanical study of the shale, shell limestone has the characteristics of high stress, i.e., 3.8∼4.5 MPa higher than shale, high compressive resistance from 191∼358 MPa, high elastic modulus 44.88∼55.99 GPa, leading to difficult initiation and extension. As the jurassic continental shale is generally characterized by multiple interbeds in layers and variable longitudinal stress (Fig. 1), the results of physical simulation experiments show that longitudinal penetration for fractures to propagate through limestone interlayers is more difficult (Fig. 2).
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Dilation Factor of Sandstone Analogues and Pre-Salt Reservoir Carbonates
Authors: Garcia P. F. V. , Rossi D. F. , Ferreira F. H. , Justen J. C. R. , Vasquez G. F. , Lonardelli J. N. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In 4D Seismics, the dilation factor has become a very interesting rock property in recent years due to its simplicity in linearly relating rock deformation with acoustic velocity variation or time-lapse time shift. Its lab-scale characterization through coupled acoustic-mechanical tests has been demanded for uncertainty reduction of multiphysics simulations of oil field models necessary for long-term reservoirs monitoring and rock properties predictions. However, the linear nature of rock dilation factor has been found to be limited under certain stress ranges and deformation regimes to different lithologies. The authors present new results of dilation factors obtained experimentally for five lithotypes of sandstone anologues and three lithotypes of pre-salt reservoir carbonates found in Santos Basin, Brazil. The samples were subjected to drained load-unload hydrostatic, oedometer and triaxial tests with simultaneous ultrasonic data acquisition. In general, the dilation factor presented itself very large (order 101-102) for low to mid-level stresses (up to 50 MPa) and very small (order 100-101) for higher level of stresses due to the highly asymptotic behavior of longitudinal wave velocities. At the end of the work, the authors also propose mathematical relations for dilation factor variation due to infinitesimal pulse frequency variation and stress reference changes under specific hypothesis.

INTRODUCTION
In order to monitor the fluids and rocks properties variation on large extensions of rock layers on oil exploitation fields and carbon storage fields, 4D Seismics has showed to be a reliable method throughout Geophysics literature (Kasahara & Hasada, 2017). For this purpose, it is imperative that acoustic, petrophysical and geomechanical properties of different rock layers of an oil field should be well correlated among themselves. An important advance on seismic-geomechanical correlation was made by Landro & Stammeijer (2004), when they proposed a very useful correlation between first order differentiates of time shift Δt, rock layer thickness L and the longitudinal velocity of the layer Vp, simply derived from differentiation of V = L/t:
(Equation)
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Deflection Capacity of the Internal Push Point-The-Bit Rotary Steering Tool
Authors: Chen T. , Liu G. H. , He X. , Li J. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The internal push point-the-bit rotary steering tool is a new type of dynamic point-the-bit rotary steerable system. Deflection capacity is an important index to measure the performance of rotary steering tools. To study the influencing factors of deflection capacity, it is necessary to clarify the variation law of build-up rate with each influencing factor, which can provide a basis for tool design optimization and drilling process design. Based on the calculation model of the build-up rate of the internal push point-the-bit rotary steering tool, this paper analyzes the influence of BHA design, well trajectory, WOB, bit-cutting anisotropy, and formation characteristics on the deflection capacity of the internal push point-the-bit rotary steering tool. The research shows that the change in the structure size of BHA has little effect on the build-up rate. The main means to improve the deflection capacity of the tool is to select the bit with strong lateral cutting ability. With the increase of WOB, the build-up rate of the internal push point-the-bit rotary steering tool decreases. Formation characteristics significantly influence the deflection capacity of the internal push point-the-bit rotary steering tool, so formation structure research and formation anisotropy logging evaluation are very important.

INTRODUCTION
Rotary steerable drilling technology overcomes the defects of traditional steerable drilling and has the advantages of low friction, high drilling efficiency, good hole quality and, strong formation adaptability. It has become a new direction of drilling technology development. Point-the-bit rotary steering tools are more widely used than push-the-bit rotary steering tools because they have better formation adaptability and buildup ability (Xiao et al.,2006; Wang et al.,2018).
Liu et al. (2021a); (2021b) developed the internal push point-the-bit rotary steering tool (IPPRST) that is currently in the stage of making a mechanism prototype to check if the design works in principle. As a new type of dynamic point-the-bit rotary steerable system (RSS), IPPRST is very different from the existing rotary steering tools in its steering actuation structure and control method. To further optimize the tool design and realize the precise control of the wellbore trajectory, it is necessary to analyze the factors influencing the deflection capacity of IPPRST.