bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foramen ovale as a new determinative sign for the identification of tiger (Panthera tigris) and lion (Panthera leo) skulls
Authors: Formanová Dominika , Pyszko Martin , Horak Ondrej , Sadkova Jolana , Rihova Pavla , Kubatova Anna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Tiger and lion bones are valued highly on the wildlife black market. The skeletons of the two species are very similar, but the level of protection and the laws applicable to them differ. When detecting crime in the field, it can be crucial to recognize the skeletons of these two species by their morphological features. A distinguishing feature not yet described in the literature is the foramen ovale at the base of the skull. A total of 112 skulls were evaluated, 55 tigers and 57 lions. The orientation and appearance of the foramina ovalia were analysed on skull photographs. Significant differences were found between tigers and lions. In lions, the foramina ovalia faced laterally and their outlets were usually at least partially hidden behind the straight edge of the os basisphenoidale from the ventral view of the skull. Tiger skulls on the other hand exhibited higher variability in foramina ovalia orientation. In most adult tigers the foramina ovalia faced more rostrally and their outlets were bounded by a semi-circular edge of the os basisphenoidale. Like other identifying features on tiger and lion skulls, the foramen ovale was unable to distinguish all skulls with 100% confidence. Nevertheless, knowledge of this structure can help considerably in species identification.
Nitrogen dynamics as a function of soil types, compaction, and moisture
Authors: Das Saurav , Mohapatra Ankita , Sahu Karubakee , Panday Dinesh , Ghimire Deepak , Maharjan Bijesh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The complex interactions between soil types, compaction, and moisture on nitrogen transformation processes, such as ammonia volatilization, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, were examined using a simulated columns study. Over the course of 30 days, two different soil types—loam and sandy loam—were subjected to three different compaction treatments (control, surface, and sub-surface compaction), and two different moisture treatments (dry and wet). Liquid urea ammonium nitrate (32-0-0) was used as nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 200 kg N ha-1. Measurements were taken for important indicators of nitrogen transformations, such as residual concentrations of ammonium and nitrate, nitrate leaching, ammonia volatilization, and nitrous oxide emissions. The findings showed that compaction increased residual ammonium concentrations in deeper soil profiles and decreased nitrification rates in both soil types. Loam soil showed increased nitrate leaching due to higher rates of nitrification and residual nitrate concentrations. The interaction of compaction and moisture had the greatest impact on nitrous oxide emissions, with the highest emissions observed in control treatments during simulated dry weather. Higher ammonia volatilization was observed in moist sandy loam soil under control treatment. The results highlight the significance of taking soil texture, moisture, and compaction into account when implementing sustainable nitrogen management techniques in agriculture. Based on these findings, a number of recommendations are put forth for effective nitrogen management, including the avoidance of broadcast application in moist soil to reduce ammonia volatilization and improve nitrogen use efficiency, and split application to reduce potential nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions from loam soil.
A comparative study of Esketamine-Dexmedetomidine and Sufentanil-Dexmedetomidine for sedation and analgesia in lung tumor percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(PRFA):A randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Lin Zhonglan , Zhou Yun , Lu Xinlei , Yang Bin , Yu Zhengwei , Cheng Yuan , Sun Jianliang , Li ShuXin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objection: To observe and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Esketamine or Sufentanil combined with Dexmedetomidine for sedation and analgesia in lung tumor percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA), so as to provide a clinical basis for the optimization of sedation and analgesia in lung tumor PRFA protocols outside the operating room.
Methods: In this trial, 44 patients aged from 37 to 84 years old undergoing lung tumor PRFA were enrolled and assigned into the Group E (n=22, Esketamine 0.2mg/kg) or Group S (n=22,Sufentanil 0.1μg/kg ) group. Dexmedetomidine was infused intravenously as a sedative in both groups. The modified observer's assessment of alertness and sedation scale(MOAAS),the physical movement pain scale, intraoperative vital signs, anesthesia recovery time, radiologist and patient satisfaction rates，incidence of respiratory depression, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded.
Results:Although there was no significant difference in the physical movement pain scale, blood oxygen saturation and incidence of perioperative adverse events between the two groups during the ablation, the MOAAS, mean arterial pressure(MAP) and heart rate(HR) were higher in Group E than in Group S. Anesthesia recovery time were shorter in Group E than in Group S, radiologist satisfaction was better in Group E than in Group S, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of patient satisfaction.
Conclusion: Either Esketamine or Sufentanil combined with Dexmedetomidine are safe for lung tumor PRFA. However, in elderly patients with multiple underlying diseases, low-dose Esketamine combined with Dexmedetomidine has fewer hemodynamic effects on patients, milder respiratory depression, shorter recovery time, and better radiologist satisfaction because of its better controllability of sedation depth.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trail Registry (Registration number#ChiCTR ChiCTR21000500 21);Date of Registration:16/08/2021
Optimal method for reliable lateral spread response monitoring during microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm
Authors: Cho Kyung Rae , Lee Hyun-Seok , Kim Minsoo , Park Sang-Ku , PARK KWAN 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
Lateral spread response (LSR) is the key electrophysiological sign for successful decompression of conflict vessel at microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery for hemifacial spasm (HFS). But monitoring methods and interpretation of LSR is still unclear thus cause misinterpretation that results unwanted outcome. We suggest the optimal method to monitor LSR.
Methods
We prospectively collected data from patients undergoing MVD for HFS. Basic demographics, clinical characteristics and outcome were obtained. To find optimal range of stimulation to achieve effective LSR, we escalated stimulation intensity by 1mA stepwise. Then we compared findings of abnormal muscle response between optimal range and high intensity stimulation (30mA).
Results
As stimulation intensity increases, the latency to detect LSR was shortened. High intensity stimulation caused artifact that mimic the wave of LSR. Those artifacts were observed even after decompression thus interfere interpretation of disappearance of LSR. We found the LSR detected at latency below 9.6msec would be the lateral spreading artifact (LSA) rather than true LSR.
Conclusion
To avoid false positive LSR from LSA, we should stepwise increase stimulation intensity and not to surpass the intensity that cause LSR latency below 10msec.
Study on the arc behavior and mechanical properties of energy-efficient hybrid CMT-Pulsed gas metal arc narrow gap mild steel welds
Authors: Polamuri Sudheer Kumar , Nasina Venkaiah , Biswajyoti Basu , Deshmuk Vinay , Degala Venkata Kiran 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The novel hybrid cold metal transfer (CMT) – Pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) process was used to perform the narrow gap welding of mild steel plates. A systematic approach was followed to select the working values of numerous process parameters using high-speed images of the welding arc in synchronization with the welding current and voltage. Further, emphasis was given to understanding the influence of pulse frequency on the complex arc and metal transfer behavior in the narrow gap and its subsequent effect on the side wall fusion and mechanical properties of weld joints. The root pass was deposited using CMT process, while the filling and closing passes were deposited using P-GMAW process to minimize the incomplete fusion between the layers keeping the overall heat input lower. A decrease in the narrow gap distance and an increase in the arc oscillation amplitude and welding voltage resulted in severe arc climbing over the facing surface, an inadequate fusion between the layers, and incomplete side wall fusion. Simultaneously decreasing the number of passes and welding speed engendered the overhead flow of the molten pool and hindered the heat transfer from the arc to the already deposited layer resulting in the lack of fusion. Pulse current and duration directly affect the welding arc lengths, resulting in higher welding arc deflections to the side walls in the case of lower pulse frequencies. The controlled welding arc deflections, molten metal transfer, and inter-pulse cooling displayed a noticeable effect on the mechanical properties of the weld joint.
Parasites of White-bellied Pangolins Retrieved From Trade for Conservation in South-west Nigeria
Authors: Fawole Esther O , Adeyefa Adedotun , Olapade Boluwatife B , Jarikre Theophilus , Omotosho Oladipo O , Emikpe Benjamin , Morenikeji Olajumoke A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the gastrointestinal and ectoparasites infecting white-bellied pangolins (Phataginus tricuspis) retrieved from trade in southwest Nigeria. Twenty-one (21) pangolins were screened in this study. Faecal samples were collected and analysed using centrifugal flotation and simple faecal sedimentation techniques. Ectoparasites were retrieved from under the scales and ventral parts of the animals. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics with some presented as mean and standard deviations. Eighteen (18) (85.7%) pangolins were infected with parasites. Gastrointestinal parasites identified include eleven (11) helminth species (sp.) (Strongyloides sp, Habronema hamospiculatum, Enterobius sp, Trichuris sp, Ascaris sp, Dictyocaulus sp, Cooperia sp, Fasciola sp, Schistosoma sp, Chabertia sp, and Ancylostoma sp), and two protozoan species (Eimeria sp and Giardia sp). Strongyloides sp had the highest prevalence (47.6%), followed by Eimeria sp, Habronema hamospiculatum, and Cooperia sp which all had a prevalence of 38.1% each, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in Ancylostoma sp, Schistosoma sp, Fasciola sp, and Dictyocaulus sp., each having 9.5%. Ticks were the only ectoparasites retrieved from the pangolins. The ticks were of three genera Amblyomma sp, Rhipicephalus sp, and Dermacentor sp with a prevalence of 47.6%, 38.1%, and 33.3%, respectively. Strongyloides sp had the highest mean intensity of infection (18.5 ± 7.35), while Habronema hamospiculatum and Ancylostoma sp had 13.0 ± 4.18 and 21.0 ± 0.0 mean intensity of infection respectively. The lowest mean intensity was recorded in Fasciola sp (2.5 ± 0.50). This study offers helpful baseline information on the gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites associated with white-bellied pangolins. This information may be used for the health management and conservation of white-bellied pangolins.
Selectively targeting BCL6 using a small molecule inhibitor is a potential therapeutic strategy for Glioblastoma
Authors: Wu Min , Zhang Lin , Guo Weikai , Lv Shiyi , Jin Wangrui , Zhu Shuangshuang , Chen Huang , Jian Shuyi , Liu Layang , Xing Yajing , Liu Mingyao , Chen Yihua , Yi Zhengfang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest brain malignancy without effective treatments, and novel effective treatments are urgently needed. B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a transcription factor that stops cell death in response to DNA damage, primarily through repressing transcription of DNA damage response genes. Here, we identify BCL6 as a lynchpin in GBM, BCL6 expression was increased in GBM compared with normal cells and associated with GBM patients’ poor survival. Silencing of BCL6 additionally affected GBM cell proliferation and trigger cellular damage. Furthermore, we report the identification of WK499, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of BCL6. WK499 inhibited the growth of GBM cells by inhibiting BCL6 to activate p53-related signaling pathways, importantly, WK499 impeded significantly inhibition the growth of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. meanwhile, WK499 and TMZ Combination medication significantly suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in vivo and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing mice. In summary, our findings reveal a crucial role of BCL6 in GBM and suggest BCL6 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this intractable disease.
Assessing Production-Living-Ecological Spaces and Its Urban-rural Gradients in Xiangyang City, China: Insights from Land-Use Functions Symbiosis
Authors: liu chao , Yang Qingke , Zhou fenghua , Ai Ru , Cheng long 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Understanding the formation process and urban-rural landscape pattern of production-living-ecological spaces (PLES) is crucial for sustainable land-use management and adaptive city governance. However, previous studies have neglected the symbiotic relationships between land-use functions (LUFs) in identifying and optimizing PLES. To address this gap, this study proposes a technical framework for assessing PLES from a LUFs symbiosis perspective. A case study was conducted in Xiangyang City, China, to identify PLES and analyze its urban-rural differentiation using the symbiosis degree model and landscape pattern indices. Our findings revealed that the symbiotic relationships between LUFs varied, and there were 25 combination types of PLES in Xiangyang City, with significantly varied area proportions and spatial distribution. The landscape types of PLES increased, and landscape fragmentation strengthened along with the gradient change from the outer urban area (OUA) to the rural area (RA). Furthermore, we proposed a PLES optimization strategy involving LUFs symbiosis and the urban-rural gradient. Our study enriches the dimensions of PLES assessment and supports better-coordinated management, planning, and protection of PLES.
Genome-wide genetic diversity of the Common Carp Black Strain (Cyprinus carpio var. baisenensis)
Authors: Sumana Sahr , Su Shengyan , Liao Yu , Zhang Chengfeng , Jing Xiaojun , Zhu Jian , Tang Yongkai , liu Wenting 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The black strain of common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. baisenensis) is known for its black skin and is one of the key strains of common carp cultured in the integrated rice-agriculture system, as well as a non-escape property under torrential floods. The common carp black strain, Huanghe carp, and Songpu carp were collected and re-sequenced for SNP-based research using three techniques. Quality control was performed, and UCSC-known genes were used to annotate genes and regions in the genome. The average raw reads of 143,920,978 were separated from the average 142,579,732 clean reads with an average effective rate of 99.07%, where the total number of SNPs was 264,39902, with 62,855 in the 1 kb upstream region and 63,553 in the 1 kb downstream region. The common carp black strain's mean Tajima D values were 3.304, compared to 2.266 for other common carp black strains. Due to mutations and the size of its population, the common carp black strain had a higher number of Tajima "D" values.
Consistent but delayed timing of precipitation affects community composition of prairie pothole birds and aquatic macroinvertebrates, but not wetland plants
Authors: Daniel Jody , Rooney Rebecca C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The hydroperiod (i.e., the length of time ponded water is present) of prairie potholes largely depend on cumulative precipitation amounts, which are sensitive to climate change. Snowmelt runoff is the largest contributor to ponded water amounts. Thus, a change in precipitation timing – where a decline in winter/spring amounts is matched with an equivalent increase in summer amounts – can affect wetland hydroperiod. Between 2014 and 2015, cumulative precipitation amounts were near equivalent; however, precipitation amounts in 2015 were higher in the summer and lower in early spring when compared to climate normals. We sought to understand whether this change in precipitation timing could result in 1) a decline in wetland hydroperiod and 2) a change in the community composition of birds, aquatic macroinvertebrates and plants. Our findings suggest a change in precipitation timing in 2015 could be tied to a decline in wetland hydroperiod. Additionally, bird and aquatic macroinvertebrate community composition changed between years. For birds, wetlands were dominated by wetland-dependent bird taxa in 2014, but by upland birds in 2015. In 2015, wetlands supported a nested subset of the macroinvertebrates present in 2014, and these were families that were either able to reproduce outside wetlands or could suspend metabolic activities under drought conditions. There was no change in the community composition of plants, and we hypothesize that this may be explained by their ability to utilize rhizomes from the previous year to survive this one-year change in their growing season.
“Effect of Organic manure, Bio-fertilizer and Nano-fertilizer on Yield and Economics of different Vegetable crops and soil nutrient status”
Authors: Kumar Anil , Singh Kapur , Sharma Shagun , Mishra J. P. , Sharmila Jeya Sundara , Kumar Yogendra , Lakshmanan Arunachalam , Singh Tarunendu , singh Shamsher , Panwar Aashish , L Sivashankari 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

In the era of nanotechnology, nano-fertilizers offer sustainable and profitable remedies to modern agriculture practices while restricting the use of chemical fertilizers. Nano-fertilizers have significantly contributed towards efficient and eco-friendly approaches in crop yield productivity, nutrient penetration and soil fertility. Owing to the remarkable physicochemical properties and integrated nutrient management system, the effectiveness of organic manures, Nano Nitrogen and Nano Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP) in respect to the untreated field environment were compared and studied on two important crops viz. cauliflower and tomato. Standard field conditions were optimised and on-farm trials in 40 different farms of sandy loam soil were conducted by IFFCO and KVK in village Khatawali, Rewari district of Haryana, Rabi season 2020-21 and 2021-22. The results of this study have clearly demonstrated the synergetic potential of organic manure, bio-fertilizer and nano-fertilizers with a rise of 12.2–15.4% yield in cauliflower and 12.6–14.9% yield in tomato. While the net return was increased by 25.8–31.7% in Cauliflower and 21.4–25.0% in Tomato as compared to T1 and T2. Extensive analysis is made on growth parameters such as the height of the plants, number of primary branches, average fruit weight that escalated the productivity of crops besides the forecast of beneficially effected economics i.e. Benefit Cost (B: C) ratio. Average data of post harvested soil indicated the enhanced organic carbon content, NPK and lowered C:N ratio that ensures on soil improvement. Hence, these findings strongly highlight the synergetic efficacy of Nano Nitrogen and Nano DAP on crop quality and net productivity.
Change in abdominal obesity after colon cancer surgery – effects of left-sided and right-sided colonic resection
Authors: Dolin Troels Gammeltoft , Nybing Janus Damm , Ali Younes Kays Mohammed , Linden Frederik Hvid , Sorensen Thorkild , Christensen Jesper Frank , Nielsen Yousef JW , Larsen Jim Stenfatt , Madsbad Sten , Johansen Julia Sidenius , Svane Maria , Lykke Jakob , Høgh-Schmidt Erik , Lehrskov Louise Lang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Excess abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with metabolic diseases and poor survival in colon cancer (CC). We assessed the impact of different types of CC surgery on changes in abdominal fat depots.
Material and Methods
Computed tomography (CT)-scans performed preoperative and 3 years after CC surgery were analyzed at L3-level for VAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and total adipose tissue (TAT) areas. We assessed changes in VAT, SAT, TAT and VAT/SAT ratio after 3 years and compared the changes between right-sided and left-sided resected patients in the total population and in men and women separately.
Results
A total of 134 stage I-III CC patients undergoing cancer surgery were included. Left-sided colonic resected patients had a 5% (95% CI: 2% - 9%, p<0.01) increase in abdominal VAT, a 4% (95% CI: 2% - 6%, p<0.001) increase in SAT and a 5% increase (95% CI: 2% - 7%, p<0.01) in TAT after 3 years. Right-sided colonic resected patients had no change in VAT, but a 6% (95% CI: 4% - 9%, p<0.001) increase in SAT and a 4% (95% CI: 1% - 7%, p<0.01) increase in TAT after 3 years. Stratified by sex, only males undergoing left-sided colonic resection had a significantly VAT increase of 6% (95% CI: 2% - 10%, p<0.01) after 3 years.
Conclusion
Left-sided CC resection was associated with a significant VAT increase after 3 years.
Characteristics and distribution of litter, mesolitter and microplastics in Table Bay, Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Bukasa Wakuenda Alex , Awe Adetunji Ajibola , Sparks Conrad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The marine and coastal environments are facing unprecedented challenges by the presence of litter, mesolitter and microplastics. This study investigated the characteristics and distribution of litter (> 25 mm), mesolitter (5–25 mm) and microplastics (< 5 mm) in Table Bay, Cape Town. Sampling was carried out at two sites, Woodbridge Island (impact site) and Derdesteen (non-impact site) during summer and autumn of 2021. Litter and mesolitter were sampled along 100 meters of beach for 10 consecutive days, from the water’s edge to the backline. Water and sediment samples were also collected for microplastics (MPs) extraction. Plastic was the most abundant litter and mesolitter recorded, accounting for 90.22% by count and 47.98% by weight for litter, with foam (mainly polystyrene) being the most abundant plastic type found. Plastic pellets were the dominant mesolitter type while fibres were the most dominant type of MPs recorded. All three categories of contaminants (litter, mesolitter and MPs) were higher at Woodbridge Island than Derdesteen, indicating the effects of anthropogenic activities at an impact site.