bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐power‐density InAlGaN/GaN HEMT using InGaN back barrier for W‐band amplifiers
Authors: Kotani Junji , Makiyama Kozo , Ohki Toshihiro , Ozaki Shiro , Okamoto Naoya , Minoura Yuichi , Sato Masaru , Nakamura Norikazu , Miyamoto Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper investigated the back‐barrier (BB) effect for gallium nitride (GaN)‐based high‐electron‐mobility transistors with an Fe‐doped buffer and Fe‐buffer + Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)‐BB structure. The authors found that the Fe‐doped buffer + InGaN‐BB structure was effective in reducing the off‐state leakage current compared to the Fe‐doped buffer. Secondary‐ion‐mass spectrometry measurements revealed that the segregated Fe existed with peaks at ∼2 × 1017 cm−3 around the InGaN‐BB layer. The authors believe that the negative charges which are generated by Fe effectively increased the BB effect as they exist just underneath the 2‐dimensional‐electron‐gas channel and successfully achieved a high output power operation of 4.6 W/mm at 94 GHz.
An emergency control strategy for undervoltage load shedding of power system: A graph deep reinforcement learning method
Authors: Pei Yangzhou , Yang Jun , Wang Jundong , Xu Peidong , Zhou Ting , Wu Fuzhang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUndervoltage load shedding (UVLS) is the last line of defense to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system. The existing UVLS technique has difficulty adapting and generalizing to new topology variation scenarios of the power network, which greatly affects the reliability of the control strategy. This paper proposes a UVLS emergency control scheme based on a graph deep reinforcement learning method named GraphSAGE‐D3QN (graph sample and aggregate‐double dueling deep q network). During offline training, a GraphSAGE‐based feature extraction mechanism of the power grid with topology variation is designed that can better capture the changes in system state characteristics. A novel reinforcement learning framework based on D3QN is developed for UVLS modeling, which reduces overestimations of control action and leads to a better control effect. Then, online emergency decision‐making is achieved. The simulation results on the modified IEEE 39‐bus system and IEEE 300‐bus power system show that the proposed UVLS scheme can always provide more economical and reliable control strategies for power networks with topology variations and achieves better benefits in both adaptability and generalization performances for previously unseen topology variation scenarios.
Cometary dust collected by MIDAS on board Rosetta
Authors: Kim M. , Mannel T. , Boakes P. D. , Bentley M. S. , Longobardo A. , Jeszenszky H. , Moissl R. ,   the MIDAS team
Published: February 2023

Context. The Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System (MIDAS) atomic force microscope (AFM) on board the Rosetta comet orbiter has been dedicated to the collection and 3D topographical investigation of cometary dust in the size range of a few hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers with a resolution down to a few nanometers.
Aims. We aim to catalog all dust particles collected and analyzed by MIDAS, together with their main statistical properties such as size, height, basic shape descriptors, and collection time. Furthermore, we aim to present the scientific results that can be extracted from the catalog, such as the size distribution and statistical characteristics of cometary dust particles.
Methods. Through a careful re-analysis of MIDAS AFM images, we make a significant update and improvement to the existing MIDAS particle catalog, resulting in the addition of more particles and newly developed shape descriptors. The final product is a comprehensive list of all possible cometary dust particles detected by MIDAS. The catalog documents all images of identified dust particles and includes a variety of derived information tabulated one record per particle. Furthermore, the best image of each particle was chosen for subsequent studies. Finally, we created dust coverage maps and clustering maps of the MIDAS collection targets and traced any possible fragmentation of collected particles with a detailed algorithm.
Results. The revised MIDAS catalog includes 3523 MIDAS particles in total, where 1857 particles are expected to be usable for further analysis (418 scans of particles before perihelion + 1439 scans of particles after perihelion, both after the removal of duplicates), ranging from about 40 nm to about 8 μm in size. The mean value of the equivalent radius derived from the 2D projection of the particles is 0.91 ± 0.79 μm. A slightly improved equivalent radius based on the particle’s volume coincides in the range of uncertainties with a value of 0.56 ± 0.45 μm. We note that those sizes and all following MIDAS particle size distributions are expected to be influenced by the fragmentation of MIDAS particles upon impact on the collection targets. Furthermore, fitting the slope of the MIDAS particle size distribution with a power law of a · rb yields an index b of ~−1.67 to −1.88. Lastly, based on the created dust coverage maps and clustering maps of the MIDAS collection targets, we determined the particle fragmentation ratio of 4.09 for nominal activity and 11.8 for the outburst, which underlines that parent particles with faster impact velocity are more likely to be fragmented during dust collection.
Multi-instrument analysis of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko coma particles: COPS-GIADA data fusion
Authors: Pestoni B. , Altwegg K. , Della Corte V. , Hänni N. , Longobardo A. , Müller D. R. , Rotundi A. , Rubin M. , Wampfler S. F. 
Published: February 2023

Context. The European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko has offered scientists the opportunity to study a comet in unprecedented detail. Four instruments of the Rosetta orbiter, namely, the Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System (MIDAS), the Grain Impact Analyzer and Dust Accumulator (GIADA), the COmetary Secondary Ion Mass Analyser (COSIMA), and the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) have provided information on cometary dust particles. Cross-instrument comparisons are crucial to characterize cometary dust particles beyond the capabilities of individual sensors, as they are sensitive to different dust components.
Aims. We present the first comparison between detections of the ROSINA COmet Pressure Sensor (COPS) and GIADA. These two instruments are complementary as the former is sensitive solely to volatiles of icy particles, while the latter measured the dust particle as a whole, including refractories and condensed (semi)volatiles. Our goal is to correlate the particles detected by COPS and GIADA and to assess whether they belong to a common group.
Methods. We statistically analyzed the in situ data of COPS and GIADA by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients.
Results. Among the several types of particles detected by GIADA, we find that COPS particles are significantly correlated solely with GIADA fluffy agglomerates (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.55 and p-value of 4.6 × 10−3). This suggests that fluffy particles are composed of both refractories and volatiles. COPS volatile volumes, which may be represented by equivalent spheres with a diameter in the range between 0.06 µm and 0.8 µm, are similar to the sizes of the fractal particle’s subunits identified by MIDAS (i.e., 0.05–0.18 µm).
Einführung in die Gentherapie
Authors: Gasser Thomas 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungNach vielen Jahren der Entwicklung und zahlreichen Rückschlägen
hat die Gentherapie, also die direkte therapeutische Modifikation der Gene auf
DNA- oder RNA-Ebene, erste unbestreitbare Erfolge. Dabei werden sowohl
„ex vivo“ Verfahren, also die genetische Manipulation von zuvor
entnommenen Körperzellen, als auch „in vivo“ Methoden
erfolgreich eingesetzt. Neben dem Ersatz fehlender oder schadhafter Gene
können auch die Korrektur der DNA-Sequenz durch die
CRISPR-Cas9-„Genschere“ und die sequenzspezifische Beeinflussung
der Genexpression auf RNA-Ebene als gentherapeutische Methoden im weiteren Sinne
bezeichnet werden.
Zur ideologischen Funktion einer tradierten Psychiatriekritik im
Neoliberalismus
Authors: Heinz Andreas , Hein Jakob , Weitzenegger Fritzi , Seitz Assina 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungSoziale Ausschließung und Diskriminierung spielen eine wichtige Rolle in
der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung psychischer Erkrankungen. Dies
könnte Anlass für eine kritische Öffentlichkeit sein,
eine Verbesserung der Behandlungsbedingungen psychisch erkrankter Personen zu
fordern. Stattdessen findet sich in den zeitgenössischen Medien und in
einer kritischen Öffentlichkeit meist eine tradierte Psychiatriekritik,
die sich an den Zuständen vor der Psychiatriereform orientiert,
psychische Erkrankungen romantisiert und deren Behandlungsbedarf verleugnet.
Misslingt die Romantisierung, werden psychisch erkrankte Personen
dämonisiert. Die ideologische Funktion der Replikation einer tradierten
Psychiatriekritik besteht in der Selbstvergewisserung einer neoliberalen
Gesellschaft, die sich von tradierten autoritären
Herrschaftsverhältnissen emanzipiert haben will, in der Abwehr der
Forderung nach angemessener Finanzierung der Versorgung und in der Betonung
individueller Autonomie, die den Betroffenen die Verantwortung für
Wohnungslosigkeit und soziale Verelendung zuschiebt.
Consequences and Predictors of Prolonged Tissue Expander Duration in Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Langdell Hannah C. , Sergesketter Amanda R. , Biswas Sonali , Morris Miranda , Zhang Gloria X. , Atia Andrew , Phillips Brett T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Tissue expanders (TEs) are temporary devices used in breast reconstruction, which are generally removed within 1 year. There is a paucity of data regarding the potential consequences when TEs have longer indwelling times. Thus, we aim to determine whether prolonged TE implantation length is associated with TE-related complications.
Methods This is a single-center retrospective review of patients who underwent TE placement for breast reconstruction from 2015 to 2021. Complications were compared between patients who had a TE for >1 year and <1 year. Univariate and multivariate regressions were used to evaluate predictors of TE complications.
Results A total of 582 patients underwent TE placement and 12.2% had the expander for >1 year. Adjuvant chemoradiation, body mass index (BMI), overall stage, and diabetes predicted the duration of TE placement (p ≤ 0.006). Rate of return to the operating room was higher in patients who had TEs in place >1 year (22.5 vs 6.1%, p < 0.001). On multivariate regression, prolonged TE duration predicted an infection requiring antibiotics, readmission, and reoperation (p < 0.001). Reasons for longer indwelling times included need for additional chemoradiation (79.4%), TE infections (12.7%), and requesting a break from surgery (6.3%).
Conclusion Indwelling TEs for >1 year are associated with higher rates of infection, readmission, and reoperation even when controlling for adjuvant chemoradiation. Patients with diabetes, a higher BMI, advanced cancer stage, and those requiring adjuvant chemoradiation should be advised they may require a TE for a longer time interval prior to final reconstruction.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Cascade Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Zhang Cai , Liu Yunyun , Chen Demao , Wan Jie-Ping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis review highlights recent progress in electrochemical cascade cyclization reactions for the synthesis of carbon rings and heterocycles, such as pyridines, quinolines, phenanthridines, cinnolines, 1,4-dihydroquinolines, oxindoles, imidazo[1,5-α]pyridines, imidazoles, etc. The works included herein are introduced in two major sections of heterocycle construction and carbocycle construction reactions, covering the works reported from 2012 to 2022.1	Introduction2	Electrochemical Cascade Cyclization for the Synthesis of Heterocycles2.1	Synthesis of Pyridines, Quinolines, Phenanthridines, and Cinnolines2.2	Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydroquinolines, Hexacyclic Sulfonamides, and Thiazines2.3	Synthesis of Hydroisoquinolinones and Hydroquinolinones2.4	Synthesis of Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones2.5	Synthesis of 4H-3,1-Benzoxazines2.6	Synthesis of Oxindoles2.7	Synthesis of Indolines and Indoles2.8	Synthesis of Imidazo[1,5-α]pyridines and Imidazoles2.9	Synthesis of Imidazolones, Imidazolidinones, Oxazolones, and Oxazolidinones2.10	Synthesis of Benzoxazoles, Oxazolines, and Isoxazolines2.11	Synthesis of Furans and Dihydrofurans2.12	Synthesis of Indolizines, Pyrazoles, and Triazolium Inner Salts2.13	Synthesis of Sulfonated Benzothiophenes, Thiazoles, Dihydrothiazoles, and 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles2.14	Synthesis of Lactones3	Electrochemical Cascade Cyclization for the Construction of Carbocycles3.1	Synthesis of Carbon Polycycles and Spiroindenes3.2	Synthesis of Difluoroacyl (Hetero)arenes and Sulfonated Indenones4	Conclusion
Performance and Head-to-Head Comparison of Three Clinical Models to Predict Occurrence of Postthrombotic Syndrome: A Validation Study
Authors: Pradier Michelle , Rodger Marc A. , Ghanima Waleed , Kovacs Michael J. , Shivakumar Sudeep , Kahn Susan R. , Sandset Per Morten , Kearon Clive , Mallick Ranjeeta , Delluc Aurélien 
Published: February 2023

Objective The SOX-PTS, Amin, and Méan models are three different clinical prediction scores stratifying the risk for postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) development in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs. Herein, we aimed to assess and compare these scores in the same cohort of patients.
Methods We retrospectively applied the three scores in a cohort of 181 patients (196 limbs) who participated in the SAVER pilot trial for an acute DVT. Patients were stratified into PTS risk groups using positivity thresholds for high-risk patients as proposed in the derivation studies. All patients were assessed for PTS 6 months after index DVT using the Villalta scale. We calculated the predictive accuracy for PTS and area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for each model.
Results The Méan model was the most sensitive (sensitivity 87.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.2–94.5) with the highest negative predictive value (87.5%; 95% CI: 76.8–94.4) for PTS. The SOX-PTS was the most specific score (specificity 97.5%; 95% CI: 92.7–99.5) with the highest positive predictive value (72.7%; 95% CI: 39.0–94.0). The SOX-PTS and Méan models performed well for PTS prediction (AUROC: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.65–0.80 and 0.74; 95% CI: 0.67–0.82), whereas the Amin model did not (AUROC: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.49–0.67).
Conclusion Our data support that the SOX-PTS and Méan models have good accuracy to stratify the risk for PTS.
Novel anti-reflux biliary metal stent with a distal tapered end for distal malignant biliary obstruction: a feasibility study
Authors: Doi Shinpei , Namura Yuta , Kikuyama Tomohiro , Saito Go , Adachi Takako , Matsumoto Kotaro , Watanabe Ayako , Tsunashima Hiromichi , Katsukura Nobuhiro , Tsujikawa Takayuki , Yasuda Ichiro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims We developed a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) with a distal tapered end to reproduce the physiological bile flow with a pressure gradient due to the difference in the diameter. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the newly developed distal tapered covered metal stent (TMS) for distal malignant biliary obstruction (DMBO).
Patients and methods This single-center, prospective, single-arm study was conducted in patients with DMBO. The primary endpoint was time to recurrent biliary obstruction (TRBO), and the secondary endpoints were the survival time and incidence of adverse events (AEs).
Results Thirty-five patients (15 men, 20 women; median age, 81 years [range: 53–92]) were enrolled between December 2017 and December 2019. The primary diseases were pancreatic head cancer in 25 cases, bile duct cancer in eight cases, and ampullary cancer in two cases. TMS was successfully placed in all cases. Acute cholecystitis occurred as an early AE (within 30 days) in two cases (5.7 %). The median TRBO was 503 days, median survival time was 239 days. RBO was observed in 10 cases (28.6 %), and the causes were distal migration in six cases, proximal migration in two cases, biliary sludge in one case, and tumor overgrowth in one case.
Conclusions Endoscopic placement of the newly developed TMS in patients with DMBO is technically feasible and safe, and the TRBO was remarkably long. The anti-reflux mechanism based on the difference in diameter may be effective, and a randomized controlled trial with a conventional SEMS is required.
Photo-Induced Selective Difluoroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes to Access Difluoroalkylated Indoles
Authors: Liao Jianhua , Tong Jinghui , Luo Renshi , Liu Liang , Yang Xiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe difluoroalkylation of unactivated alkenes with ethyl iododifluoroacetate via visible light-induced process has been developed. This transformation provides selective access to difluoroalkylated indole derivatives in good yields depending on the choice of base, solvent, as well as the loading of ethyl iododifluoroacetate.
Direct Arylation of C(sp2)–H Bonds in Anilines
Authors: Jacob Clément , Evano Gwilherm , Annibaletto Julien , Maes Bert U. W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnilines selectively arylated at their ortho, meta or para positions are useful building blocks in synthesis and have found applications in many areas. The most straightforward method for their synthesis relies on the direct arylation of a C(sp2)–H bond of anilines, an attractive strategy avoiding the prefunctionalization of the starting anilines provided that such arylations proceed with high levels of regioselectivity. Such reactions are presented and discussed, in a comprehensive manner, in this review article, with an emphasis on the regioselectivity of the processes and factors governing both the reactivity and selectivity. 1	Introduction2	ortho-Arylation of Anilines2.1	Direct C(sp2)–H ortho-Arylation of Anilines2.2	Directed C(sp2)–H ortho-Arylation of Anilines3	meta-Arylation of Anilines4	para-Arylation of Anilines4.1	Direct C(sp2)–H para-Arylation of Anilines via Oxidative Radical Homodimerization4.2	Direct C(sp2)–H para-Arylation of Anilines via Transition-Metal Catalysis5	Conclusion and Outlook
An Etiology Report for Burns Caused by Korean Folk Remedies
Authors: Joo Hong Sil , Kim Hyun Been 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground In this modern era of science-based medicine, some people still accept folk remedies as an alternative form of medicine. However, misinformation and misuse of folk medicines can result in dangerous complications. Among the possible complications of folk remedy use, this study focused on the clinical characteristics of burns caused by folk remedies.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients who had been treated for burns caused by folk remedies from May 2015 to April 2022. Data were collected on patients' age and gender, type of folk remedy, reason for using the folk remedy, the severity of the burn, the number of wounds, lesion type, and type of treatment.Results We found 59 patients with burns due to folk remedies. Most were female (76.3%) and ≥ 60 years old (72.9%). The most common type of folk remedy was moxibustion (74.6%), followed by the use of glacial acetic acid (20.3%). The reasons for using folk remedies were arthralgia relief (39%), health improvement (18.6%), and treatment of tinea pedis (11.9%). Most patients had multiple wound sites and had burns that were considered severe, requiring surgical treatment (72.9%). The majority of lesions were on the lower extremity, including the foot.Conclusion This study described the risk of burns caused by folk remedies and the clinical characteristics of the wounds. The results emphasize the need for greater public awareness of the risk of burn injuries when using folk remedies.
Anatomical View of Thoracodorsal Artery Variants Using Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Cho Hyun Geun , Kang Byeongju , Ryu Jeong Yeop , Choi Kang Young , Yang Jung Dug , Chung Ho Yun , Cho Byung Chae , Lee Jeeyeon , Park Ho Yong , Lee Joon Seok 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground The latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle has a dominant pedicle with one thoracodorsal artery and receives sufficient blood by segmental circulation through several perforators. Thus, it is widely used in various reconstructive surgeries. We are reporting on the patterns of the thoracodorsal artery analyzed by chest computed tomography (CT) angiography.Methods We analyzed the preoperative chest CT angiography results of 350 patients scheduled to undergo LD flap breast reconstruction following complete mastectomy for breast cancer between October 2011 and October 2020.Results A total of 700 blood vessels were classified according to the Kyungpook National University Plastic Surgery-Thoracodorsal Artery (KNUPS-TDA) classification: 388 (185 right and 203 left), 126 (64 right and 62 left), 91 (49 right and 42 left), 57 (27 right and 30 left), and 38 (25 right and 13 left) vessels were classified as type I, type II, type III, type IV, and type V, respectively. Among 350 patients, 205 patients showed matching types for left and right vessels, whereas 145 patients showed mismatching types. For 205 patients with matching types, the distribution by type was 134, 30, 30, 7, and 4 patients with type I, type II, type III, type IV, and type V, respectively. For 145 patients with mismatching types, the distribution by different combinations was 48, 25, 28, 19, 2, 9, 7, 3, 1, and 3 patients with type I + type II, type I + type III, type I + type IV, type I + type V, type II + type III, type II + type IV, type II + type V, type III + type IV, type III + type V, and type IV + type V, respectively.Conclusion While there is some diversity in the vascular anatomical structures of the LD flap, the dominant vessel can be found in a similar location in almost all cases and no flap had absence of a dominant vessel. Therefore, in surgical procedures using the thoracodorsal artery as the pedicle, preoperative radiological confirmation is not absolutely necessary; however, due to variants, performing the surgery with an understanding of this aspect should lead to good outcomes.
Facial Anthropometric Analysis of a Representative Subset in an Average Kerala Population: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chitta Madhavi , Malathi Lekshmi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background The Neoclassical canons, originally framed based on the Renaissance artworks, vary across genders, races, and ages. This has been proved in multiple studies conducted on the Western population, but minimal studies exist on the Eastern population and lesser so on the Indian population. This study aims to define the standard Keralite face and assess its variation from the canons.
Methods A total of 250 people of Kerala origin aged 18 to 40 years were studied over a period of 1 year in our institute. Standardized frontal and profile photographs of the subjects were taken. Twenty anthropometric measurements were taken and analyzed for variation between genders, from published Indian standards and their conformity to the Neoclassical canons.
Results Compared to the Keralite men, there were significant differences in 14 of 19 measurements in Keralite women. The men had wider and longer faces than women. Five of 10 measurements in females and 6 of 10 measurements in males significantly differed from the published Indian norms. The average Keralite face was wider, longer, and rounder. None of the facial proportions fit the Neoclassical canons.
Conclusion The average Keralite face significantly differed from the Neoclassical canons and there were some significant variations between genders. This study highlights the need for a larger population-based study with more representation from various regions across India.