bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEASURES OF COERCIVE INFLUENCE ON JUVENILE OFFENDERS
Authors: Копылова Ольга Петровна , Старкова София Александровна 
Published: April 2023

В статье рассматривается вопрос о применении мер принудительного воздействия в отношении несовершеннолетних.
The article discusses the issue of the use of coercive measures against minors.
ЭВАКУАЦИЯ ПРИ ТУШЕНИИ ПОЖАРА ИЗ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНЫХ ЗДАНИЙ С ВОЛЬЕРАМИ В ЗООПАРКЕ
Authors: Сергеева Галина Александровна , Карленко Ирина Сергеевна 
Published: April 2023

В статье рассматривается проведение эвакуации животных и людей из помещений зоопарка.
The article discusses the evacuation of animals and people from the premises of the zoo.
Synthesis of Religion and The State
Authors: Asriani Asriani 
Published: April 2023

The discussion between the relationship between religion and the state never stops being debated and it is difficult to find points of common ground, because each considers the conception offered to be correct and very appropriate for every condition of the times. Islam in general. This is because almost all the figures and scholars who are used as references with their various arguments are inseparable from the three models of state that currently exist in the Islamic world, namely: Islamic, Secular, and Muslim. Even though there are differences between the three, this substantially boils down to one of these state models. In principle, the relationship between religion and the state in general can be polarized into two parts. both. Second, the theocentrism (fundamentalism) group which considers religion and the state cannot be separated, in fact there is not even a single space in this world, including the state which is allowed to be free from religious constraints. However, the development of both (religion and state) is very much determined by human belief.Based on the description above, the writer is interested in studying the relationship between religion and the state. Keywords: relation, religion, country
In Search of Nodular Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia: A Distinct Entity or Simply Hyperplastic Polyps Arising in Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia?
Authors: Sanchez-Avila Monica , Amin Khalid , Chauhan Aastha , Geng Zhuo , Mallery Shawn , Snover Dale C. 
Published: April 2023

Context.—
Nodular gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a reported phenotype of GAVE that has histologic features overlapping with gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHPs), with additional features often seen in flat mucosa of GAVE.

Objective.—
To determine if nodular GAVE and GHPs are distinct lesions by evaluating the prevalence of features reported in nodular GAVE in GHPs with or without associated GAVE.

Design.—
A review of all lesions diagnosed as GHPs between 2014 and 2017 was performed. Slides were analyzed for a number of features including established histologic features of GAVE without knowledge of clinical or endoscopic features.

Results.—
A total of 90 polyps were analyzed including 18 from patients with GAVE (20%). GAVE polyps were larger than non-GAVE polyps (average size, 1.3 cm versus 0.68 cm; P &lt; .001), with more common extensive ulceration and associated granulation tissue (61.11% [n = 11] versus 4.17% [n = 3]; P = .004), fibrin thrombi (50% [n = 9] versus 15% [n = 11]; P = .003), moderate to marked vascular ectasia (83% [n = 15] versus 35% [n = 11]; P = .001), and fibrohyalinosis (72% [n = 13] versus 28% [n = 20]; P = .001). All polyps showed foveolar hyperplasia and smooth muscle proliferation. There were no features that were exclusively found in GAVE or non-GAVE cases.

Conclusions.—
Nodular GAVE appears to represent GHPs arising in a background of GAVE, with superimposed features found in flat mucosa of GAVE stomachs. The presence of fibrin thrombi, marked vascular ectasia, fibrohyalinosis, and/or ulceration in a GHP is suggestive but not diagnostic of GAVE, and the absence of these features does not rule out GAVE.
Emerging Landscape of Targeted Therapy of Breast Cancers With Low Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Protein Expression
Authors: Tozbikian Gary , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Bui Marilyn M. , Feldman Michael , Hicks David G. , Jaffer Shabnam , Khoury Thaer , Wei Shi , Wen Hannah , Pohlmann Paula 
Published: April 2023

Context.—
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in breast cancer is currently classified as negative or positive for selecting patients for anti-HER2 targeted therapy. The evolution of the HER2 status has included a new HER2-low category defined as an HER2 immunohistochemistry score of 1+ or 2+ without gene amplification. This new category opens the door to a targetable HER2-low breast cancer population for which new treatments may be effective.

Objective.—
To review the current literature on the emerging category of breast cancers with low HER2 protein expression, including the clinical, histopathologic, and molecular features, and outline the clinical trials and best practice recommendations for identifying HER2-low–expressing breast cancers by immunohistochemistry.

Data Sources.—
We conducted a literature review based on peer-reviewed original articles, review articles, regulatory communications, ongoing and past clinical trials identified through ClinicalTrials.gov, and the authors’ practice experience.

Conclusions.—
The availability of new targeted therapy potentially effective for patients with breast cancers with low HER2 protein expression requires multidisciplinary recognition. In particular, pathologists need to recognize and identify this category to allow the optimal selection of patients for targeted therapy.
Mendapatkan Kembali Hak-Hak Ekonomi, Sosial Dan Budaya
Authors: Hunt Paul 
Published: April 2023

In this article the writer has been arguing the traditional views in the different treatment of the two categories of rights. He concludes that there is conceptual or juridicial reason why social rights, like civil and political rights, can not be adjudicated upon by a tribunal. Hunt concludes further that there is no doubt that more needs to be done on the formulation ofjudicial and non-judicial mechanism, at the international and national levels, for the implementation of second-generation rights, so that they may become part of mainstream human rights promotion and protection. Hunt, however, underlines that human rights require a holistic approach.
Justisiabilitas Hak-hak Ekonomi, Sosial dan Budaya: Menarik Pengalaman Internasional, Mempraktikannya di Indonesia
Authors: M. Zen A. Patra 
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to explain the problem of justiciability of ecosoc rights. The writer gives explanation about the development of the application of justiciability of ecosoc rights in international, regional and in national lev• els. Given study case: the becak case in Jakarta, basically is a precedent of case related to the justiciability of everybody constitutional rights: the rights to work. Thus, there is an opportunity to investigate the violation toward ecosoc rights in Indonesia. In the end of this paper the writer gives several recommendation in fulfilling ecosoc rights in Indonesia
Indikator Dan Standar Untuk Pemantauan Hak-Hak Ekonomi, Sosial Dan Budaya
Authors: R. Chapman Audrey 
Published: April 2023

This article discusses the importance of indicators and standards of monitoring ecosoc rights. The writer emphasizes the importance of information and statistic in conceives accountability culture and upholds human rights. Thus, benchmark and indicators play important roles because these two things made implementation of progressive realization measurable. This paper is also gives several proposal to solve the deadlock in formulation of indicators and benchmark of human rights.
Dari Pembangunanisme ke Penghormatan HAM
Authors: Asgart Sofian M. 
Published: April 2023

The author argues that Indonesian national law has to date adequately accommodated human rights considerations, parricularly in the revised 1945Constitution and Human Rights Laws No. 39of1999 and 26 of 2000, inter alia.He also argues, however, that there has been no significant progress in implementing human rights pnnciples within the development sector. The paper descriptively elaborates on a human rights based approach to development. It outlines a history of the evolution of development and human rights paradigms in Indonesia and offers justification for using human rights as a reference point in development, consistent with the Vienna Declaration. The article then provides a perspective on how a rights-based approach can be utilised in ongoing development planning in Indonesia.
Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) Sebagai Parameter Pembangunan (dilihat dari sisi keikutsertaan Indonesia dalam pencapaian tujuan pembangunan millenium - MDG)
Authors: Hadad Tini 
Published: April 2023

This article focuses on the challenges facing the Indonesian Government to achieve the millenium development goals. In this case, the problem of poverty entails many challenges to be confronted. This article also discusses the government policy and budget allocation to achieve the goals. This article also highlights the need to cooperate between the rich and poor countries to achieve the global justice.
Pembangunan Manusia di Jawa Timur: Keadaan Saat ini dan Tinjauan ke Depan
Authors: Malik Rizal , Istiyani Atri 
Published: April 2023

The objective of the paper is to describe the achievement of human development in East Java based on the Indonesian Human Development Report 2004. It compares data between municipalities and provinces across East Java, as well as against national data sets. The paper also reviews future policy directions for human development in East Java, especially relating to the capacity of provinces to reach the Millennium Development Goals. In brief, there are two major issues 1n East Java. First, while the province rates highly on economic development indicators (for example in Total Regional Domestic Product), outcomes on the human development index are comparatively low. Second, there is a wide disparity between municipalities in East Java, especially in the "tapal kuda" (horseshoe) region. The research recommends that local government become more responsive to regional human development by adopting public policies that are responsive to the identified needs of specific regions. Furthermore, an analysis of local government budgets can be used to verify the extent to which government is giving priority to programs that respond to the social needs of respective local areas.
Kovenan HAM Internasional: Pandangan Umum mengenai Signifikasi dan Perkembangan
Authors: Simarmata Henry 
Published: April 2023

Indonesia has just ratified the two most important international human rights covenants, namely, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The implications of these ratifications are enormous, either for the government and other state's institutions or for the victims of human rights violation as well as human rights defenders. The two Covenants could becomepart of the effort of legal reform to improve human rights condition in Indonesia. The two Covenants are related with the history of the world organization, namely, the United Nations, in developing the what so called the international law, in this regard the interna• tional human rights law. The human rights law was developed as mechanisms, either Charter-based or Treaty-based. The main purposes of the Indonesian are to maintain peace and prevent violence.
Kondisi Minoritas Beragama dan Berkeyakinan di Indonesia dan Tatapan Ke Depan
Authors: Suaedy Ahmad 
Published: April 2023

Pidato Presiden Amerika Serikat Barrac Hussien Obama di Universitas Indonesia, Depok (10/11/10) yang mengingatkan penting- nya filosofi Bhinneka Tunggal Ika sebagai filosofi bernegara Indonesia membuat sebagian orang terpengarah. Tidak lupa Obama memberi harapan melambung bahwa filosofi seperti itu bisa ikut mem- bantu dunia untuk mencari solusi dari carut marut dan kekerasan yang tak kun- jung berhenti. Membuat terperangah karena pidato presiden AS ke-44 itu mengingatkan pada situasi Indonesia kini dengan meningkatnya kekerasan dan intoleransi serta ketidakmampuan atau ketidakmauan pemerintah dan aparat- nya untuk melindungi para korban yang praktis berbalikan dengan filosofi tua itu.
Kegagalan Negara Menjamin Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan
Authors: Susetyo Benny 
Published: April 2023

Pluralitas di Indonesia adalah berkah tak ternilai harganya. Se- bagai rahmat Tuhan Maha Kuasa, manusia sering salah menerjemahkan rahmat tersebut sehingga kerap men- jadi bencana. Bukanlah Tuhan yang me- nganugerahkan bencana, melainkan manusia dengan cara pandang sempit (miopik) yang sering menyelewengkan rahmat tersebut menjadi bencana. Agama dan keberagamaan meru- pakan tolok ukur dan pintu ger- bang (avant garde) menilai bagaima- na pandangan pluralitas ditegakkan, bagaimana individu dan kelompok tertentu memandang individu dan kelompok lainnya. Semangat kebe- ragamaan yang cenderung memuja fundamentalisme menjadi akar masalah yang serius dan menjadikan pluralitas berpeluang menjadi bencana daripada sebagai potensi kebaikan.
Hak Atas Kebebasan Beragama dan/atau Berkeyakinan: Forum Internum dan Forum Eksternum
Authors: Nainggolan Yossa A.P 
Published: April 2023

Dengan hak asasi manusia sebagai perspektif, tulisan ini mengupas hak atas kebebasan beragama dan berkeyakinan menjadi dua ranah: forum internum dan forum eksternum. Pada dua ranah ini, penikmatan individu atas hak atas kebebasan beragama dan berkeyakinan harus diakomodir baik di ruang privat maupun pubilk. Tidak dipungkiri, tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi atas terkendalanya penikmatan individu untuk bebas beragama dan berkeyakinan di Indonesia. Pengetahuan yang benar sesuai kaidah hak asasi manusia tentang kedua konsep ini sangat relevan dan signifikan untuk dibicarakan dalam rangka meningkatkan pemahaman hak atas kebebasan beragama secara utuh sebagaimana pasal 18 Kovenan International Hak Sipil dan Politik. Disampaikan pula, dua poin terkait relasi kedua forum tersebut, pertama, gambaran situasi khusus dimana ada kalanya individu tidak bebas merdeka untuk menikmati haknya untuk bebas beragama dan berkeyakinan, kedua, penentuan lingkar batas kedua wilayah. Keduanya menjadi poin sangat penting untuk dijadikan perhatian terutama bagi pemangku kewajiban dalam menerapkan aturan pembatasan hak atas kebebasan beragama danberkeyakinan.
Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Bingkai ACFTA
Authors: Setiawan Arief 
Published: April 2023

Masuk dalam area pasar bebas dalam konteks ACFTA tak hanya membawa implikasi dalam arena ekonomi an sich. Penerapan ACFTA dalam skala luas yang dimulai pada 1 Januari 2010 juga berimplikasi pada banyak aspek kehidupan, khususnya kesejahteraan. Trickle down effect yang diharapkan dari perdagangan bebas sangat sulit untuk direalisasikan karena sifat alamiah manusia sebagai homo economicus. Tentu saja hal ini merupakan ancaman terhadap pemenuhan hak ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya warga negara. Indonesia sebagai negara peserta dalam Kovensi Hak Ekosob dapat dikatakan melakukan pelanggaran HAM bila lepas tanggung jawab terhadaphak ini dengan menyerahkannya pada mekanisme pasar.
Menata Kehidupan Melampaui Batas-Batas Konflik
Authors: Mulkhan Abdul Munir 
Published: April 2023

Over centuries, the social life almost impossible mapped outside the two systems, Capitalism and Socialsm. While Socialism collapsed with the discolution of The Sovyet Union, Capitalism continues to run solely so as suspended animation. The fact is that people’s lives are still affected by violent conflict, injustice, and poverty. The Third Way by Anthony Giddens is not clear, The Function of Trust by Francis Fukuyama raises the issue of psoudo-image that increasingly blur the humanitarian concerns of alienated and treated unfairly. From here, a simple lifestyle of Wong Jogja (it named Sak Madyo) which can be found in other areas should be consedered as a way the development of conflict-free society.The enforcement, promotion, potection, and fulfillment of Human Rights is a smart step to develop the new way to breakthrough beyond the limit of conflict and violence. Lifestyle Sak Madyo being more significant in the socio-economic, cultural, and political gap that increasingly the sharp of difference in religious views. All a kind of discrimination is the obstacle to the growth of social relations, political, economic, and religious harmonyamong citizens who always live side by side.
Pemenuhan dan Perlindungan Hak-Hak Pedagang Kaki Lima: Studi di Kota Surakarta dan Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Rosdianti Yeni 
Published: April 2023

Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) sebagai sebuah entitas perdagangan sektor informal, perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus dari Pemerintah dan Pemerintah Daerah. Belum ada Undang-undang yang secara khusus mengatur perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak-hak asasi para PKL ini. Penjabaran asas desentralisasi dalam ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, melahirkan otonomi daerah yang telah memberikan kewenangan yang cukup besar bagi Pemerintah Daerah. Corak dan arah kebijakan tiap daerah bervariasi untuk satu jenis pengaturan yang sama. Kerapkali, corak dan arah kebijakan ini amat ditentukan oleh pemimpin daerah yang terpilih. Tak heran, kebijakan soal penataan PKL, misalnya, acap bergantung pada Bupati, Walikota, atau Gubernur serta Anggota DPRD daerah yang bersangkutan. Di satu daerah, PKL diperlakukan dengan cukup baik. Sementara di daerah yang lain, penataan PKL diterjemahkan sebagai “pembolehan” sikap represif atas nama penertiban dan keindahan kota. Harus ada kebijakan umum yang memberikan arah bagi pengaturan dan kebijakan di seluruh Indonesia, khususnya dalam memberikan jaminan perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak asasi manusia bagi para Pedagang Kaki Lima
Kekerasan Terhadap Pers dan Perlindungannya
Authors: Baskoro L.R. 
Published: April 2023

Pers Indonesia pascareformasi memiliki kebebasan yang diatur dan dijamin oleh Undang-Undang Dasar dan Undang-Undang tentang Pers. Undang-Undang tentang Pers, UU No. 40/1999, juga melahirkan Dewan Pers yang independen, lembaga yang bertugas menjaga kebebasan pers sekaligus berfungsi antara lain sebagai mediator jika ada pihak-pihak yang dirugikan oleh pemberitaan pers. Era reformasi telah melahirkan banyak media. Pers tumbuh subur dan masyarakat ikut menikmatinya. Tapi, kekerasan terhadap pers, terhadap wartawan terus terjadi dan terus meningkat.
Pengadilan Rakyat Tokyo: Solusi Kebuntuan Hukum Internasional Formal
Authors: Abdillah Banu 
Published: April 2023

Mengungkap sejarah kelam dunia yang terjadi lebih dari 5 dekade bukanlah hal yang mudah. Apalagi mengusahakan keadilan bagi para korban dan keluarganya. Kasus perbudakan seksual oleh militer Jepang pada masa perang Asia-Pasifik pada dekade 1930-an hingga 1940-an merupakan salah satu bentuk kejahatan yang paling sulit diungkap. Selain karena para korban yang membisu atas peristiwa ini, pihak negara-negara sekutu pun mengabaikan kejahatan seksual militer Jepang pada Pengadilan Militer Internasional untuk Wilayah Timur Jauh (IMTFE), walaupun mereka memiliki bukti yang cukup untuk melakukan penuntutan. Pengabaian kejahatan seksual terhadap perempuan pada akhirnya berimplikasi pada lingkaran impunitas dan pengulangan kembali kejahatan seksual terhadap perempuan pada setiap kali konflik terjadi. Dengan tujuan bukan pembalasan tapi keadilan, tidak hanya untuk para sisa korban tapi juga untuk korban yang sudah meninggal dunia dan generasi mendatang, maka Pengadilan Tribunal Kejahatan Perang Internasional terhadap Perempuan tahun 2000 untuk Pengadilan Perbudakan Seks Militer Jepang dibentuk masyarakat sipil internasional di luar kewenangan negara- negara ataupun organisasi internasional yang formal.
Inspection and evaluation of air filled void inside reinforced concrete structure by non-destructive testing methods
Authors:   , Klomkliew Thanakit 
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, almost infrastructure in Thailand are almost reinforced concrete (RC) structure because they are strong and durable enough against environmental changes; nevertheless, the concrete durability will be decreased. The proper concrete integrity survey for potential remedy works is very importance, Thus, this research aims to inspect flaws especially delamination and air-filled void by four Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods be composed of 1) ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), 2) ultrasonic pulse echo (UPE), 3) impact echo (IE), and 4) ground penetrating radar (GPR). Furthermore, this research is separated two parts be consisted of idealized structures simulated defects and a realistic structure. The changing of siganal patterns and parameters are performed on idealized structures along the hardening peroid is used for guidance to the realistic structure and verified an accuracy by core sampling method.

The research results are shown that the accuracy, precision, suitability, and performance of GPR and UPE method are better than the other methods. Although, the GPR method is sensitive with water content in an early concrete while the UPE method is not, the real case of flaw inspection is normally performed at an older concrete. Moreover, the data acquisition and interpretation of them were not used too much time in the same testing area.
Characteristics improvement of quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier for access network
Authors:   , Boriboon Budsara 
Published: April 2023

This thesis presents the characteristics improvement and performance evaluation of Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (QD SOA) in an access network. There are 3 parts: 1) improvement of internal quantum efficiency, 2) increase of chip gain and 3) implementation of QD SOA in 40 Gb/s access network. The first part, Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) is applied to improve internal quantum efficiency to be 1.4 times higher than without RTA and low optical loss. The second part, strain compensation technique is applied to increase the chip gain of QD SOA. Considering the design of Quantum Dot Laser Diode with optimized stacked QD layers and threshold current, then the same design is applied to QD SOA having 25-stacked QD layers and 2 mm long. It can achieve the maximum chip gain of 35 dB at 400-mA bias current. The last part of thesis, the performances of two conventional SOAs and one QD SOA are evaluated in 40 Gb/s access network. Starting from the characteristics between conventional SOAs and QD SOA are compared. QD SOA gives the lowest Noise Figure of 4.59 dB because of its highest Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR). Plus, QD SOA has the fastest response time of 70 ps with the lowest data pattern effect when operating in saturation region, which is suitable for burst-mode transmission. Next, the performance of single SOA transmission is evaluated, and the Input Power Dynamic Ranges (IPDR) of 3 SOAs are measured. Finally, the two-cascaded SOA is experimented to raise power budget of a network to successfully support 128 users and 20-km distance. Consequently, installing QD-SOA as 2nd-stage SOA following a conventional SOA provides lower Bit Error Rates (BERs) than two-cascaded conventional SOAs because QD SOA has higher saturation output power and lower data pattern effect when operating at high input power. Additionally, the BERs are computed by substituting all parameters from experiments into theoretical equations. They are compared to experimental BERs to confirm the root cause of OSNR degradation and data pattern effect.