bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greening strategy through implementation of sustainable landscape design towards low carbon school
Authors: Mohamed S A , Ismail W A W , Hamid N H A , Kurzi N S , Hasan R , Othmani N I , Bak Y L , Ramlee N 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The increased societal attention and urgency towards combating global climate change and transitioning the position towards Low Carbon Cities (LCC) has prompted many green initiatives developed by government agencies including schools to seek solutions through promoting eco-school planning development as part of the Environmental Education (EE) awareness being emphasis in curricula. This research explores the underlying mechanism of the greening elements as one of the planning initiatives which enable the inclusion of how low carbon practice action plans can be conducted in school. The methodology adopted emphasized the ground case study at Sekolah Kebangsaan Tangok, Bachok, Kelantan to testify to the integration of theory and practice of sustainable low carbon in the school community with environmental education. Such integration draws on attention to contextual knowledge of reducing carbon dioxide emissions as one of the most important factors in the implementation and execution of greening components for a sustainable school program. The discussion of findings concentrated on the implementation of greening strategies from sustainable landscape design and framework for carbon measures from three components, which are the trajectory of low carbon target, benefits analysis matrix, and constraint analysis that can be implemented in school to track the level of CO2 emissions and sequestration. This research provides a significant contribution in creating ‘commercialized’ environmental knowledge to the school communities that paved the way towards transition for Low Carbon Society as the social sustainable strategy that inculcates climate change adaptation for the future generation.
Applicability of green building rating tools in minimizing construction waste within the Iraqi building projects
Authors: Abdulaali H S , Usman Ismar M S , Korandeh M E , Alqawzai S , Alkhafaji S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Due to the rapid growth of the building sector, a tremendous amount of waste is generated, which has become an alarming issue for every country. Therefore, there is a substantial need to implement a sustainable way to minimize the construction solid waste (CSW), generated through the construction activities. Construction solid waste management (CSWM) is an essential method for fostering sustainability in the construction industry. It is considered as one of the indispensable advantages, which are stipulated in the green building systems (GBRSs). The aim of this study is to explore the potentials of various GBRSs in minimizing the solid waste generated by the construction activities in the Iraqi building sector. Firstly, a description of research methodology is provided based on a systematic review and text mining approach. Then, An extensive review on CSW and GBRSs as well as the recent research trends on the implementation of CSW minimization in Iraq. After that, applications of GBRSs on CSW minimization are addressed. Next, the major challenges and obstacles to the application of GBRSs in minimizing the CSW are addressed. Finally, concluding remarks are withdrawn. Based on the findings, it was found that it can be concluded that reuse, reduce and recycling principles of construction waste management have become a worldwide phenomenon. However, previous research studies have not considered the achievement of CWM along with GBRSs promotion within Iraqi construction industry. The information of this research can be beneficial to both Iraqi researchers and practitioners.
An Analysis of Blasthole Condition towards Toxic Fumes Generation from Blasting Activities in Surface Mine
Authors: Hartami P N , Maulana Y , Purwiyono T T , Tuheteru E J , Kusumo D H , Putra D , Burhannudinnur M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
One impact of blasting activities is the release of toxic fumes capable of disturbing living creatures around the blasting zone. Fumes are affected by several factors, including blasthole conditions. Measurement for this research was performed in a coal mine called PT. Kaltim Prima Coal in Kalimantan, Indonesia, to investigate the impact mentioned above through a quantitative method, which was performed directly in the field. The results show that the formed CO gas level ranged between 60.34 - 360.29 ppm, while the formed NO2 gas level ranged between 0.3 - 3.16 ppm, with average temperature and relative humidity of the blastholes at 31°C and 77.01%, respectively. Based on these results, the temperature and relative humidity conditions in the blastholes have a linear effect on the formation of toxic fumes by 84%. Considering the average wind speed at the measurement sites was 2.14 m/s, the trend of decreasing toxic fumes, time variables, and threshold limit values of exposure for humans of up to 15-minutes, it can be concluded that the safe time for workers to return to the site is less than 1 minute.
Aquifer Geometry Identification and Determination of Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) in Bandung
Authors: Agustin F , Abdullah C I , Herlina D , Akhyar M F , Amukti R , Himawan B , Adiputra R N 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Groundwater basins in Bandung city are included in the category of vulnerable areas to damage. It is interpreted that the Bandung area has damaged groundwater conditions. Geological conditions and soil in Bandung and its surroundings consist of alluvial layers of the eruption of Mount Tangkuban Perahu. The type of material in the north is generally a type of andosol. In the south and east of Bandung consists of a distribution of alluvial species with clay deposits and andosol soil types scattered in the central and western parts. This research was conducted to determine the hydrogeological and environmental conditions, groundwater level, pisometrics, aquifer characteristics, and water balance in the ASR Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) wellbore. The research resulted in providing clean water that continues to be developed because of its effectiveness as a solution to overcome the groundwater crisis and groundwater level decline in the manufacture of ASR wells.
Slope Stability Analysis Using Bishop Method and Slide 2D Software at Sand Stone Mining in Sedau Village, Narmada District, Lombok Barat Regency
Authors: Gunawan M , Hidayati  , Adam R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mining activities that involve constructing slopes will increase the potential for slope problems, especially those related to the increased potential for rock slope failure. Therefore, an in-depth study of the stability of the slope is required to determine the ability of the slope to stay stable without reinforcement or to choose the type of reinforcement that best fit a slope if it has a significant potential for landslides. This research aims to obtain the safety factor value of the sandstone mine slopes in Sedau Village, whether or not they comply with the safety requirements. Bishop’s method is employed to analyze the slip surface. Data processing is one of the requirements in Slide 2D Software to analyze slope stability based on material strength. The results of the safety factor obtained based on the analysis using the Bishop Method and 2D Slides are 1.671.
Biomass potential as an alternative resource for valuable products in the perspective of environmental sustainability and a circular economy system
Authors: Martini S , Kharismadewi D , Mardwita  , Ginting Y R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The increasing interest in environmental sustainability and its economic aspects has triggered scientific investigations on biomass’s potential as a new alternative source. Various fields like wastewater treatment, energy, construction material, and fertilizer are connected to biomaterial utilization. This review article discusses current literature related to the implementation of unused and low-cost biomass as either primary or supporting materials that could result in new products with higher economic value. Biomass consisting of plant parts such as rubber seed, eucalyptus bark, rice husks, fruit peels, or animal remnants like animal bones have been effective and potential for further processing. Furthermore, literature has shown that final products supported by or derived from processed biomass materials have potential competitiveness with other typical products entirely made from conventional sources like adsorbents, biofuel, concrete additives, and biofertilizers. After a comprehensive critical review of the relevant present literature, a concise summary can be drawn that biomass waste has reliability and potential function as an alternative resource to obtain low-cost materials for useful products making, and to overcome environmental damages due to increasing organic waste disposal.
Spectral And Fractal Analysis of Volcanic Tremor at Ijen Volcano, Indonesia
Authors: Wildani A , Maryanto S , Santoso D R , Triastuty H 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A volcanic tremor is one of the seismic events that is usually recorded at the Ijen volcano. In 2014 the status of the Ijen volcano had yet to be declared normal after being critical in 2012. Many volcanic tremors are still recorded since then. This study aims at analyzing the volcanic tremors of Ijen volcano using the January to March 2014 seismic recording data obtained from the Center for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation, Bandung, Indonesia. We analyzed the spectra and fractal of volcanic tremors. Fractal and spectral analysis was conducted to investigate the dynamical system regarding the sources of the mechanism. Spectral analysis was estimated using the Fast Fourier Transform method, and fractal analysis was estimated using the regularization method. The spectra of a single volcanic tremor had frequencies of 1.1-1.5 Hz. Fractal analyzes were performed to identify dynamic systems. The fractal of a single volcanic tremor had a dimension of 2-2.3. Based on the frequency and fractal dimension values obtained, we suspect that the trigger of the volcanic tremors of the Ijen volcano is a fluid-filled crack mechanism.
Geochemical Characterization of Pit Wall Rocks: A Preliminary Step in Predicting the Water Quality of Pit Lake
Authors: Kusuma G J , Tuheteru E J , Badhurahman A , Pranoto K , Palinggi Y , Wahyudi H S , Pratama G R , Gautama R S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The quality of pit lake water during development and final condition is affected by various factors, including geochemical characterization of materials of a pit wall, which may consist of in-situ and backfilling materials. This research aims to obtain a geochemical characterization of pit wall materials using 3 main laboratory tests and analysis, namely static test, mineralogical and elemental composition analysis, and kinetic test using free draining column leach test. Static test results show that 5 of 6 samples exhibit low paste pH and NAG pH. Pyrite is found in four samples and is responsible for acid mine drainage production. Some samples contain acid-consuming carbonates and oxides such as calcite and periclase. Four samples exhibit leachates’ pH values lower than 3,00, mostly during all cycles. Alongside the lithostratigraphic distribution of pit wall rocks, these results imply a potential occurrence of acid mine drainage that will become a critical issue for water quality development and final condition in pit lake formation. Therefore, these results become essential feedback for the stakeholders to plan and implement acid mine drainage management to minimize the adverse impact of acid mine drainage in pit lakes. Immediate understanding of the geochemical characteristics of leachates from pit wall rock, which control the overall mine water quality.
Utilization of fly ash and bottom ash for tailings stabilization
Authors: Deni M C N , Kurniasari T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To anticipate the problem of acid mine drainage generation from the tailings, the experiments on the use of fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) were carried out by considering the neutralizing potential contained in these materials. The basic characteristics of the tailings, FA, and BA materials were tested through mineralogy and geochemical test. Geochemical static tests were carried out on various compositions and rates of FA and BA mixtures added to the tailings. Based on the results of these tests and the results of the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test, a kinetic geochemical test was carried out using a column to determine the neutralization performance of FA and BA. The results of the quality test of leachate water coming out from the column for 6 weeks test period showed that a mixture of FA and BA with a ratio of 9:1, which was added to the tailings at the rate of 15 kg/ton of tailings was the optimum mixture that could neutralize the acidity formed, and also reduced the Pb and Cu content in the leachate.
Environmental Improvement Policy through the obligation of post-tin mining reclamation in the islands of Bangka Belitung
Authors: Haryadi D , Ibrahim  , Darwance  
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Reclamation obligation is one way to ensure environmentally sound mining activities. Nevertheless, Bangka Belitung islands, which have been excavated for tin since 3 centuries ago, leave environmental problems behind due to poorly implemented reclamation obligations. Generally, Law Number 4 of 2009 on Minerals and Coal threatens this negligence with administrative sanctions such as written warnings, partial or complete suspension of permits, and even revocation. However, after almost 10 years in effect, these punishments have yet to be very effective in promoting reclamation optimization, including in Bangka Belitung. Therefore, a criminalization policy was implemented through the amendment of Law Number 3 of 2020 for the act of failure to perform reclamation and/or post-mining obligations and for not placing reclamation guarantees and/or post-mining guarantees with the punishment of imprisonment, fines, and additional criminal charges. Consequently, this normative study focuses on criminalization and its conditions, alongside the formulation of sanctions and punishments as part of criminal law policies. The formulation stage has a strategic role because it is the basis and initial indicator for judicial and executive policy implementation effectiveness.
The Impact of Sand Mining on the Socio-economic Community
Authors: Susanti F , Lestari S A P , Nugraha R F A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2012 concerning the Regional Spatial Plan for East Lombok Regency states that the Labuhan Haji sub-district is an area that has the potential as a mining area, one of which is in the Ijobalit sub-district. There is a mining area in Ijobalit village, which was established in 2006. The presence of mining will undoubtedly affect the socio-economic conditions of the people in Ijobalit Village. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the socio-economic conditions of the community in the sand mining area of Ijobalit Village, Labuhan Haji District, according to the perception of the surrounding community. This research is classified as a type of qualitative descriptive research. Sources of data needed were primary and secondary data with data collection methods: observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The analytical method used was scoring with a percentage and SPSS analysis. This study yielded six (6) socio-economic variables based on people’s perceptions that were affected by the presence of sand mining in Ijobalit, i.e. job opportunities, income, economic activity, social activity and infrastructure. One (1) socio-economic variable, i.e. conflict, was not affected by sand mining in Ijobalit.
Modelling and validation of laser based DED processes reinforced with nanoparticles in view of the effect of wetting
Authors: Zheng G , Rey P , Laqua R , Salgueiro M , Jakumeit J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Although the observation of wetting phenomena has a long history both in science and in everyday life, nanoscale wetting properties leave open a multitude of questions. Improving the properties of Direct Energy Deposition (DED) products through reinforcement with nanoparticles (NPs) is attractive. Due to the involved NPs, the wetting behaviour of the deposition differs from that in macroscales. Modelling and validation of a laser-based DED process reinforced with NPs in view of the effect of wetting is demonstrated in this study. Metal alloys reinforced with NPs (Ti6Al4V- and Al7075-TiC) are melted by laser light and deposit on a substrate. Heating of the alloys by laser light is tackled using a volumetric heat source model. A three-phase (solid, liquid and gas) melting and solidification simulation methodology is established in a continuum approach. Nanoparticles are treated in the Lagrangian framework. Effect of nanoparticle reinforcement on the wetting behaviour of melt bead during the printing process is investigated numerically, taking into account the influence of nanoparticles on contact angle and surface tension. Simulation results are compared with the experimental deposition of Ti6Al4V and Al7075 alloys through dimensional analysis of the tracks by macrography.
Optimization of powder catchment efficiency for industrial laser cladding processes
Authors: Grams Mitchell , Wood Gentry , Kamyabi-Gol Ata , Hamre Douglas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Laser clad overlays provide enhanced corrosion resistance and wear performance to components across a wide range of industries. Powder fed laser processes provide flexibility in material selection, however have traditionally yielded lower material usage efficiency (60–80%) compared to wire fed processes. A general model was developed to predict powder catchment efficiency based on the overlap between the molten pool and powder cloud distribution. Mathematical techniques of asymptotic analysis and blending were used to obtain closed-form expressions relating tabulated material properties and the key process inputs with the critical melt pool dimensions of leading length (xf) and maximum width (y
m). An improved experimental technique was implemented to measure the powder cloud distribution, a key process input which previously was not well understood. For baseline cladding conditions, melt pool dimensions were smaller than the powder cloud leading to catchment inefficiency. A custom laser optics module was designed to enable adjustment of the relative position of the melt pool and powder cloud independently from other process parameter changes. Combining optimized parameters with a shift of 1mm, catchment efficiency >90% has been achieved and sustained in production cladding operations. This work is part of a broader program at Apollo-Clad, using simple, accurate, and fast analytical modelling techniques to generate engineering design rules for laser-based processes.
Phase-field simulation of the formation of new grains by fragmentation during melting of an ABD900 superalloy
Authors: Böttger B. , Apel M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing method which involves local laser melting of powder particles, a partial remelting of previously deposited layers, and subsequent re-solidification under high thermal gradients and cooling rates. The transition between melting and re-solidification becomes visible as melt pool boundaries in optical micrographs and plays a crucial role: Apart from creating a strong segregation zone, the transition determines whether the microstructure is inherited and carried over to the next layer, or whether new grains with new orientations are formed. While heterogeneous nucleation is suppressed due to the lack of seeding particles at the small length scales inherent to L-PBF, alternatively, new grains can form via dendrite fragmentation, as demonstrated in this paper by phase-field simulations using the software MICRESS®. By strong coupling between the phase-field equation and a thermal 1D-cylinder approach for the long-range temperature field, consistency between latent heat and microstructure is ensured. To allow for a systematic variation of the orientation relationship between the dendrite growth direction and the respective temperature gradient, a two-step simulation procedure for two overlapping tracks with variable gradient directions is developed. Growth conditions which promote fragmentation and formation of new grains are analyzed and discussed.
Understanding conformal cooling in the diecasting of aluminum alloys
Authors: He Xin , Tang Chenglu , Vian Corey , Wong Chi-Seng , Juang Shuei-Wan , Vian Wei , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Heat transfer and stress distribution are studied using computational fluid dynamic and structural simulation for a conformal cooling die insert made of Maraging M300 steel by selective laser melting. The phase transformation of cooling water is studied to understand the cooling effects and stress concentration on die life. The results of simulation are validated in production. The failure of the die insert has been revealed a result of enhanced stress concentration and corrosion directly related to the formation of vapor in the conformal cooling channel.
Computationally efficient model to predict the evolution in the thermal field in the EB-PBF and LP-DED processes
Authors: Pourabdollah P , Farhang Mehr F , Cockcroft S L , Maijer D M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Understanding the development of a number of defects found in components fabricated by the metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes requires an understanding of the evolution in the thermal field within the component at both the macro- and meso-scales. As a first step, in this work, the agglomeration method was used in combination with a time-averaged input of energy to simulate the macro-scale evolution in temperature. Two example processes: 1) laser-based powder-fed directed energy deposition; and 2) electron beam powder bed fusion, are used to demonstrate the modelling methodology. The approach employed focuses on ensuring the conservation of heat and is applied using ABAQUS. The two applications have been validated by comparing the predicted thermal behaviour with process-derived data. The results indicate that this method is an efficient strategy to predict the thermal field at the scale of the component being fabricated.
A phase field methodology for simulating the microstructure evolution during laser powder bed fusion in-situ alloying process
Authors: Li Z , Greenwood M , Phillion A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A recently-developed [1] multi-component phase field model has been utilized to investigate microstructure evolution during in-situ alloying of a blended elemental Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe alloy powder via the Laser Powder Bed Fusion process. The process of in-situ alloying, where elemental powder is used instead of pre-alloyed powder, was studied by performing two simulations having: (1) a uniform initial composition, and (2) a spatially varying initial composition to represent different powder particles. Specifically, the grain morphology, solute distribution, competitive growth and nucleation under the two different scenarios were simulated and compared. To assist the microstructure simulations, a macro-scale finite element model was developed to simulate the heat transfer during LPBF process. The thermal history data calculated by the finite element model was provided to the phase field model in order to simulate transient dendritic growth behaviour. The results show that a set of evenly-spaced columnar dendrites form in the uniform initial composition case, whereas when the initial composition is spatially varying, non-uniform dendrites having elongated shape can develop. It is also shown that competitive growth between dendrites is influenced by nucleation. For the spatially varying initial composition case, the results indicate that full alloying is difficult to achieve during the LPBF printing process; this incomplete alloying greatly influences the dendrite morphology and solute distribution.