bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of factors affecting prognosis and mortality in geriatric patients presented to the emergency service with head trauma
Authors: Eryurt Sadettin Cagrı , Sahin Taner , Oral Sukru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveHead trauma, a cause of serious morbidity and mortality in general, is among the most common causes of emergency department visits in geriatric patients. In this context, this study investigated the factors affecting prognosis and mortality in geriatric patients presenting with head trauma at the emergency department.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 842 patients aged 65 years and above who presented with head trauma to the emergency department between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019. Demographic and clinical data of the 622 patients included in the study were analyzed.ResultsA total of 622 geriatric patients with head trauma were included in this study. Of these, 54.2% (337/622) were men, and 45.8% (285/622) were women. The mean age of the patients was 75.3 ± 7.5 years. Antihypertensives were the most common medications taken by the patients. Subdural hematoma is the most frequently observed cranial pathology. A simple fall is the most observed mechanism for trauma. A total of 17.5% (109/622) of the patients were admitted to the hospital. Of these patients, 8.4% (52/622) were transferred to the intensive care unit and 2.6% (16/622) of the patients died.ConclusionMortality would be expected to be higher in elderly patients with head trauma, hypotension, or high lactate levels. The need for intensive care unit transfer was higher in patients with coronary artery disease. The mortality rate of the patients increased with an increasing length of hospital stay.
Bio‐based polyamide 56 fibers by one‐step melt‐spinning: Process, structure and properties
Authors: Wang Zhe , Kang Hongliang , Lin Na , Hao Xinmin , Liu Ruigang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolyamide 56 (PA56) fibers were prepared by one‐step melt spinning and drawing process. The effects of draw ratio and draw temperature on the structure and properties of PA56 fibers were investigated. Both α‐like‐ and γ‐crystalline phases were formed in PA56 fibers. An increase in the draw ratio at a given draw temperature leads to the significantly increase in crystallinity, chain orientation, and the content of the α‐like crystalline phase in the resultant PA56 fibers. The crystallinity and orientation parameters of the PA56 fibers increase with draw temperature in the range of 130–190°C. The PA56 α‐like crystalline phase is unfavorable at a higher draw temperature. The optimal process parameters for PA56 fibers with good mechanical properties are at draw ratio above 3 and with a draw temperature in the range of 150–190°C.
Ferulic acid improves cognitive impairment by regulating jumonji C domain‐containing protein 6 and synaptophysin in the hippocampus in neonatal and juvenile rats with intrauterine hypoxia during pregnancy
Authors: Li Wenying , Liu Dunyu , Chen Bo , Chen Xingshu , Yu Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo investigate the impacts of ferulic acid (FA) on jumonji C domain‐containing protein 6 (JMJD6) and synaptophysin in the tissues of the hippocampus in neonatal and juvenile rats with intrauterine hypoxia‐induced cognitive impairment. The Sprague–Dawley pregnant rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, hypoxia, and hypoxia + FA. On day 14 of pregnancy, the intrauterine hypoxia model was created by placing pregnant rats in the hypoxic and low‐pressure experimental chamber for 2 hr a day for 3 days. In the hypoxia + FA group, pregnant rats were injected intraperitoneally with 4% FA, once a day for 7 days. The hypoxia group was treated with equal amounts of saline. After delivery, JMJD6 and synaptophysin mRNA and proteins in the hippocampus regions were detected by in situ hybridization and western blotting. The Morris water maze was used to evaluate cognitive function. The neonatal and juvenile rats in the hypoxia group had significantly increased expression of JMJD6 and decreased expression of synaptophysin protein and synaptophysin I mRNA in the hippocampus than those in the control group. Meanwhile, hypoxia also clearly prolonged the escape latency and shortened the stay time in the target quadrant. FA decreased the expression of JMJD6 and increased the expression of synaptophysin and improved cognitive function compared with those in the hypoxia group. FA probably ameliorated the cognitive impairment by regulating JMJD6 and synaptophysin in the hippocampus of neonatal and juvenile rats who had intrauterine hypoxia during pregnancy.
Modeling and optimization of antibacterial effect of lichen‐associated bacteria, Bacillus subtilis KSRLAB3 strain against marine fouling bacteria, Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Subbaiyan Rubavathi , Ganesan Ayyappadasan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne of the most commonly occurring bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, can produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of B. subtilis KSRLAB3 against Vibrio alginolyticus was optimized using the Plackett–Burman design (PBD) method, response surface methodology (RSM), and genetic algorithm (GA). Initially, the effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, NaCl concentration, pH, temperature, and incubation time on antimicrobial effects were studied. Among the carbon and nitrogen sources investigated, mannose and peptone elicited maximum antimicrobial effect. Using PBD, the most significant variables that influence the antimicrobial effect were identified, including incubation time, peptone concentration, and temperature. The optimum conditions required for attaining maximum antimicrobial effect was identified using the RSM‐GA hybrid method, and the optimum condition includes 49.999 h of incubation time, 4.39 g/L of peptone concentration, and 27.629°C of incubation temperature. The confirmatory experiments performed around the optimum condition showed a zone of inhibition of 35 ± 0.52 mm. Methanolic extract also proved the presence of antibacterial lipopeptide surfactin. Therefore, the RSM‐GA hybrid method was successfully used in this study to model the antimicrobial effect of B. subtilis KSRLAB3 against V. alginolyticus. The effective inhibition of V. alginolyticus can be investigated further for the development of antifouling coatings.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation cortical oscillations and improve cognition in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Han Xiaoxiao , Cai Sijie , Gui Hao , Chen Rui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive tool to improve cognition. Relevant clinical studies are mainly focused on neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, cognition decline and psychiatric disorders are popular in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. We aimed to investigate the effect of TMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on cognition test performance and to compare the changes in quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) before and after stimulation for OSA.MethodsThis study recruited 42 OSA patients diagnosed with polysomnography according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines. TMS (intermittent theta‐burst stimulation paradigm; 2 s on, 8 s off, 600 pulses*3, intermittent 15 min) was performed on the DLPFC. Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery was used to assess cognitive performance. EEG oscillations were computed via power spectral density with MATLAB software.ResultsReal‐TMS group displayed a significant improvement in visual memory, sustain attention performance, as well as the outcome of working memory. However, the executive function of latency was changed in both groups. Furthermore, TMS resulted in a significant increase in the relative power spectral density of the theta band and beta band in the parietal, temporal, and anterior regions, respectively.ConclusionsIn summary, our findings indicate that TMS can safely modulate cortical oscillations and improve cognition in OSA patients. In the future, TMS can be utilized as an alternative treatment option to improve cognition in OSA patients.
Thalamic nuclei volumes and intrinsic thalamic network in patients with occipital lobe epilepsy
Authors: Lee Dong Ah , Lee Ho‐Joon , Park Kang Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the alterations in individual thalamic nuclei volumes in patients with occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE) compared with those of healthy controls, and to analyze the intrinsic thalamic network based on these volumes using graph theory.MethodsThirty adult patients with newly diagnosed OLE and 42 healthy controls were retrospectively enrolled (mean age, 33.8 ± 17.0 and 32.2 ± 6.6 years, respectively). The study participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging with three‐dimensional T1‐weighted imaging. The right and left total thalamic and individual thalamic nuclei volumes were obtained using the FreeSurfer program. Then, the intrinsic thalamic network was calculated based on the individual thalamic nuclei volumes and graph theory using a BRAPH program.ResultsThere were no differences in the right and left whole‐thalamic volumes between the two groups (0.445% vs. 0.469%, p = .142 and 0.481% vs. 0.490%, p = .575, respectively). However, significant differences were observed in the volumes of several thalamic nuclei between the two groups. The right medial geniculate and right suprageniculate nuclei volumes were increased (0.0077% vs. 0.0064%, p = .0003 and 0.0013% vs. 0.0010%, p = .0004, respectively), whereas the right and left parafascicular nuclei volumes were decreased in patients with OLE compared with those in healthy controls (0.0038% vs. 0.0048%, p < .0001 and 0.0037% vs. 0.0045%, p = .0001, respectively). There were no differences in the network measures regarding intrinsic thalamic network between the two groups.ConclusionWe successfully demonstrated the alterations in individual thalamic nuclei volumes, especially the increased medial geniculate and suprageniculate, and decreased parafascicular nuclei volumes in patients with OLE compared with those of healthy controls despite no changes in the whole‐thalamic volumes. These findings suggest an important role of the thalamus in the epileptic network of OLE.
Intraoperative performance and outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A high‐volume center retrospective propensity score matching study
Authors: Jia Zhuoyu , Cao Shougen , Meng Cheng , Liu Xiaodong , Li Zequn , Tian Yulong , Yu Junjian , Sun Yuqi , Xu Jianfei , Liu Gan , Zhang Xingqi , Yang Hao , Zhong Hao , Wang Qingrui , Zhou Yanbing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies on robotic total gastrectomy (RTG) are currently limited. This study aimed to compare the intraoperative performance as well as short‐ and long‐term outcomes of RTG and laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG).MethodsA total of 969 patients underwent robotic (n = 161) or laparoscopic (n = 636) total gastrectomy between October 2014 and October 2021. The two groups of patients were matched 1:3 using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. The intraoperative performance as well as short‐ and long‐term outcomes of the robotic (n = 147) and the laparoscopic (n = 371) groups were compared.ResultsAfter matching, the estimated intraoperative blood loss was lower (80.51 ± 68.77 vs. 89.89 ± 66.12, p = 0.008), and the total number of lymph node dissections was higher (34.74 ± 12.44 vs. 29.83 ± 12.22, p < 0.001) in the RTG group compared with the LTG group. More lymph node dissections at the upper edge of the pancreas were performed in the RTG group than in the LTG (12.59 ± 4.18 vs. 10.33 ± 4.58, p = 0.001). Additionally, postoperative recovery indicators and laboratory data were greater in the RTG group than those in the LTG group, while postoperative complications were comparable between the two groups (19.0% vs. 18.9%, p = 0.962). For overweight or obese patients with body mass indexes (BMIs) ≥25, certain clinical outcomes of the RTG remained advantageous, and no significant differences in three‐year overall survival (OS) or relapse‐free survival (RFS) were observed.ConclusionsRobotic total gastrectomy demonstrated better intraoperative performance, could improve the short‐term clinical outcomes of patients, and was more conducive to patient recovery. However, the long‐term efficacies of the two approaches were similar. Robotic surgical systems may reduce surgical stress responses in patients, allowing them to receive postoperative chemotherapy sooner.
Lessons learnt from facilitating care home placements for counselling and psychotherapy students during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hubbard Lydia , Kelly Siobhan , Rose‐Ford Helen , Clark Jodie , Stephens Melanie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeIn 2021, an opportunity arose to place four counselling and psychotherapy (C&P) students in three care homes across Greater Manchester as part of a 6‐week interprofessional education (IPE) care home scheme. Whilst, due to ethical concerns around confidentiality, the C&P students could not participate in interprofessional activities as intended, they still undertook their clinical placement in the home to provide accessible therapy support for care home staff. This paper aims at reporting on the varied factors that influenced the implementation of C&P student placements in care homes.MethodsAt the start and end of their placement, four C&P students were interviewed about their experiences. We draw on data from these eight interviews and two reflective vignettes: one from a C&P student and the other from the C&P programme coordinator (C&PPC).ResultsThe data were thematically analysed, and two key themes and six subthemes were constructed. They broadly unpack the factors that facilitate and challenge the implementation of C&P student placements in care homes.ConclusionThis paper highlights the value of utilising care homes as placement sites for C&P students. We propose four key recommendations for future practice: (1) it is important to establish clear lines of communication, support and collaboration; (2) a dual‐space supervisory approach supports student learning in this “new” placement environment; (3) preplacement supportive frameworks are important to clarify initial role uncertainties within the care home; and (4) opportunities to provide therapy services should be well defined and referral processes put in place before the student arrives.
Disentangling the effects of different human disturbances on multifaceted biodiversity indices in freshwater fish
Authors: Côte Jessica , Poulet Nicolas , Blanc Laurence , Grenouillet Gaël 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEvaluating the effects of anthropogenic pressures on several biodiversity metrics can inform the management and monitoring of biodiversity loss. However, the type of disturbances can lead to different responses in different metrics. In this study, we aimed at disentangling the effects of different types of anthropogenic disturbances on freshwater fish communities. We calculated diversity indices for 1109 stream fish communities across France by computing richness and evenness components for ecological, morphological, and phylogenetic diversity, and used null models to estimate standardized effect sizes. We used generalized linear mixed models to assess the relative effects of environmental and anthropogenic drivers in driving those diversity indices. Our results demonstrated that all diversity indices exhibited significant responses to both climatic conditions and anthropogenic disturbances. While we observed a decrease of ecological and phylogenetic richness with the intensity of disturbance, a weak increase in morphological richness and evenness was apparent. Overall, our results demonstrated the importance of disentangling various types of disturbances when assessing human‐induced ecological impacts and highlighted that different facets of diversity are not impacted identically by anthropogenic disturbances in stream fish communities. This calls for further work seeking to integrate biodiversity responses to human disturbances into a multifaceted framework, and could have beneficial implications when planning conservation action in freshwater ecosystems.
Microstructures and strengthening mechanism of 2D laminated structures in Ni balls after high‐speed collisions with 316 L stainless steel
Authors: Jinlong Lv , Zhiping Zhou , Shuye Zhang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn many cases, due to high surface stress, stress concentration and wear, the metal material starts to fail from the surface. It is necessary to investigate interface evolution characteristics under high‐speed collisions for widely used metal materials. The microstructures and strengthening mechanism of the Ni balls after high‐speed collisions with 316 L stainless steel were investigated by a self‐designed high‐speed collisions test system. It was found that ultrafine twins and α'‐martensite were formed in 316 L stainless steel (316 L SS) near the interface region. The elongated nano/ultrafine lamellar structures with high‐angle grain boundaries in Ni ball were formed near central interface region, while more equiaxed nano/ultrafine grains with random orientations and high‐angle grain boundaries were formed near edge interface region due to friction process and high shear stress. The gradient structure in the Ni ball near central interface region was formed due to normal stress, while the high shear strain could promote the formation of finer equiaxed grains in the Ni ball near edge interface region. Moreover, in addition to grain refinement strengthening, nano/ultrafine lamellar structures with sufficient intragranular recrystallization facilitated the activation of more dislocations and increased the strengthening of the Ni ball near central interface region.
Tailoring the solid oxide fuel cell anode support composition and microstructure for low‐temperature applications
Authors: Vafaeenezhad Sajad , Hanifi Amir Reza , Cuglietta Mark , Sadrzadeh Mohtada , Sarkar Partha , Etsell Thomas H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this research, the performance of a tubular fuel cell based on a nickel oxide–yttria‐stabilized zirconia (Ni‐YSZ) anode support containing 90 wt% NiO ≈ 82 vol.% of Ni (Ni82) is compared with a cell containing the conventional Ni‐YSZ support with 50 vol.% Ni. A Ni‐YSZ buffer layer with a tailored microstructure was added to the Ni82 support layer to provide intermediate porosity and to reduce the thermal expansion mismatch with the anode functional layer. Both cells were tested using infiltrated Nd2NiO4+δ cathodes. High peak power densities of 790 and 478 mW/cm2 were achieved at 600 and 550°C, respectively, for the Ni82 cell which was 25% and 87% higher than the performances for the conventional cell at respective temperatures. In addition, no degradation was found during four redox cycles at 550°C, making this support an attractive candidate for low‐temperature solid oxide fuel cell applications.
A spectral sampling algorithm in dynamic causal modelling for resting‐state fMRI
Authors: Xie Yuhai , Zhang Puming , Zhao Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) is widely utilized to study the directed influences among neural populations which were called effective connectivity (EC), and the spectral dynamic causal modelling (spDCM) is the state‐of‐the‐art framework to identify them. However, spDCM used variational Laplace to approximate the posterior density by maximizing the free energy, which might underestimate the variability of posterior density and get locked to the local minima. A spectral sampling algorithm (SS‐DCM) was proposed to improve the estimation accuracy of the dynamic causal model for rs‐fMRI. In SS‐DCM, a naïve Bayesian model was constructed in the spectral domain, which described the probabilistic relationship between the sampled parameters and cross spectra of the observed blood oxygen level‐dependent signals, and the parameters were sampled using randomly walked Markov Chain Monto Carlo scheme. The root mean square errors of the estimation of EC and hemodynamic parameters of SS‐DCM, spDCM and generalized filter scheme were compared in the synthetic data, and SS‐DCM was the most accurate and stable. A comparative evaluation using empirical rs‐fMRI data was performed to study the EC pattern of the default mode network and compare the accuracy of classification between typically developed subjects and inattentive attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder patients. The results showed high consistency of positivity and negativity of EC between spDCM and SS‐DCM, and SS‐DCM also provided higher classification accuracy. It is highlighted that SS‐DCM improves the accuracy of the estimation of EC and provides accurate information of discrepancies between diseased and healthy subjects using rs‐fMRI.
“Because I have my phone with me all the time”: The role of device access in developing Singapore adolescents’ critical news literacy
Authors: Loh Chin Ee , Sun Baoqi , Weninger Csilla 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven constant online access to information, critical news literacy, or the ability to access and critically evaluate the news, is essential for adolescents to learn about the world and obtain civic knowledge to participate as national and global citizens. Although there has been much research focusing on how youths critically read and produce media, less attention has been paid to the issue of access as an essential element of news literacy. Drawing on survey data (N = 5732) and focus group discussions (N = 67) with Singapore adolescents aged 13–17 years old, this study examines (1) whether adolescents access the news and if so, via what technologies, and (2) the factors that influence their news access. Findings show that adolescents prefer to read news online and that older adolescents (aged 15–17 years old) read more than younger adolescents (aged 13–14 years old). Factors shaping access to news include technological (portability, personalization, curation, and notifications), social (families, peers, and schools as sponsors), and personal factors (active seeking of news vs. incidental news exposure). Policymakers, scholars, and educators should consider the physical, social, and curatorial dimensions of news reading to implement policies and design practices to encourage news access and exposure. Educators can foster adolescents' motivation to read news by engaging them with news of interest to them, creating opportunities for them to receive the news through their smartphones and other devices, and developing their civic knowledge base.
A review of methods of assessing preference for social stimuli
Authors: Morris Samuel L. , Gallagher Madison L. , Allen Alva E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch on preference and reinforcer assessments has historically focused on the evaluation of edible and leisure reinforcers, but the identification and use of individualized social reinforcers may be beneficial for several reasons. Recently, many studies have evaluated methods of assessing preference for social stimuli. The procedures and outcomes across these studies have varied greatly, and the current state of evidence for methods of assessing preference for social stimuli remains unclear. Thus, we conducted a review to synthesize all previous research in this area, evaluate the evidence for the utility of this general methodology, and identify factors that may influence its utility. Our results suggest that social preference assessments are likely to produce results that correspond with reinforcer assessment hierarchies. Preference assessment modality was one factor that influenced utility; video‐based preference assessments had greater correspondence with reinforcer assessments than did other modalities. Directions for future research and implications for the use of social preference assessments in research and practices are discussed.