bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction on the Protein Yield from Moringa Oleifera Lam Leaves and Its Functional Characterization
Authors: Kambuno Norma Tiku , Louisa Melva , Wuyung Puspita Eka , Supali Taniawati 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Protein deficiency is a problem in the growth and development of children. Several studies reported that Moringa oleifera L. (MO) leaves contain protein, which can be used to balance the composition of amino acids and minerals in food. This study aimed to determine an extraction method for MO dry leaves, to obtain an optimal concentration of protein, and to identify the composition of amino acids, minerals, and bioactive compounds, as well as the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. An ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method using ethanol was used to extract protein from MO dry leaves at 40°C for 60 minutes. The protein contents obtained from this extraction were 45.5%, with the composition of the dominant amino acid phenylalanine at 22.25 g/kg and the non-essential amino acid, glutamic acid at 60.03 g/kg. The macro and micro minerals were kalium (1174.23 mg/100g) and selenium (149 mg/100g). The standardization test of extracted MO quality revealed a low aflatoxin level of microbial contamination as well as a low level of heavy metal contamination. The antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity showed IC50 values of 41.04 ppm and 182.66 ppm, respectively. We concluded that MO extracted with the UAE method produces qualified food-grade protein in high concentrations.
Biophysical Characteristics of Medo Watershed, Central Rift Valley Area of Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Kedir , Tesfaye Henok , Gadisa Muleta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Characterizing the biophysical features at a watershed level have a significant input for further improvements to promote sustainable and productive livelihood through the integration of different watershed components in participatory approach. The objective of this study was to assess the current biophysical of characteristics of Medo watershed, West Arsi Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. To do so relevant data and tools were used; ArcGIS, Microsoft Excel sheet and fundamental formulae were applied for the analysis are some. The results of the study indicated that the major land use types in the watershed are agricultural land covering 50%, vegetation (shrubs, forests and, plantations) covering 24% and settlement covering 16% out of the total land use. Slope gradient of Medo watershed ranges from zero to more than 20 and the slope gradient of 2–5 and 5–10 cover the greatest in area coverage representing 201 ha and 170 ha respectively. We can also observe that about 8% out of the total area is subjected to severe erosion. Sandy clay loam was the dominant soil textural classes in the surface soils and Phaeozems, Retisols and Andosols are the dominant soil types, which cover 57%, 36% and 7% of the sub-watershed area for lower, middle and upper slope positions, respectively. Mean annual rainfall of the area ranges from 960.09 mm at lower part of the watershed to the 1304.93 mm at upper part of the watershed. Accordingly, Medo sub-watershed is laid in majority of at sub humid agro ecological zone. An assessment of the trees within the landscape of watershed showed some remnant natural forests and a wide variety of shrubby vegetation is encountered at all landscapes. About 40 percent of the watershed, is under high to extremely severe soil loss values (> 45 ton per hectare per year). The baseline study also identified that that natural resources degradation such as land, and or/ soil fertility, reduction and recent changes in the areas’ weather condition in line of climate change prevailing in current years are few of the many factors that are contributing to the land and crop productivity reductions in the area. Therefore, prioritizing the identified problem and preparing intervention of different technologies and development plans by participating communities and different potential stakeholders to solve the problems by taking into consideration the existing opportunities of the watershed.
Potential of digital chest radiography-based deep learning in screening and diagnosing pneumoconiosis
Authors: Zhang Yajuan , Zheng Bowen , Li Long , Zeng Fengxia , Wu Tianqiong , Cheng Xiaoke , Peng Yuli , Zhang Yonliang , Xie Yuanlin , Yi Wei , Chen Weiguo , Qin Genggeng , Wu Jiefang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
To improve the accuracy of pneumoconiosis diagnosis, a computer-assisted method was developed.
Methods
Three CNNs (Resnet50, Resnet101, and DenseNet) were used for pneumoconiosis classification based on 1,250 chest X-ray images. Three double-blinded experienced and highly qualified physicians read the collected digital radiography images and classified them from category 0 to category III. The results of the three physicians in agreement were considered the relative gold standards. Subsequently, three CNNs were used to train and test these images and their performance was evaluated using multi-class classification metrics. We used kappa values and accuracy to evaluate the consistency and reliability of the optimal model with clinical typing.
Results
ResNet101 was the optimal model among the three CNNs. The AUC of ResNet101 was 1.0, 0.9, 0.89, and 0.94 for detecting pneumoconiosis categories 0, I, II, and III, respectively. The micro-average and macro-average mean AUC values were 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. The accuracy and Kappa values of ResNet101 were 0.72 and 0.7111 for quadruple classification and 0.98 and 0.955 for dichotomous classification, respectively, compared with the relative standard classification of the clinic.
Conclusion
The ResNet101 model performed relatively better in classifying pneumoconiosis than radiologists. The dichotomous classification displayed outstanding performance, thereby indicating the feasibility of deep learning techniques in pneumoconiosis screening.
Tourist Perception of Restorative Environment: The Impact of Local Characteristics on Pro Environmental Behavior: A Case Study of Zhejiang Province
Authors: Wendy Gao Bo , Ge Yuemeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The West Lake Scenic Area in Zhejiang Province is well-known and has promoted the growth of the local tourism economy. However, the low level of pro environmental behavior among tourists is a challenge faced by the current urban tourism industry. Studying its pro environmental behavior is an essential means to achieve sustainable development of the tourism industry. Tourists are the main body of pro environmental behavior in tourist destinations, and their pro environmental behavior is a key factor in promoting the sustainable development of tourist destinations. In the context of the construction of “beautiful China”, how to cultivate tourists’ pro environmental behavior has become a hot topic of current research on sustainable tourism. Based on this, this article introduced local characteristics, tourists’ positive emotions, and tourists’ restorative environmental perception into pro environmental behavior. Taking the West Lake Scenic Area in Zhejiang Province as a case study, the correlation between them was explored and analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The experimental results of this article indicated that in the investigation of factors in local characteristics, the lowest average scores of tourists on atmosphere and landscape were 3.7 and 4.4, indicating that the impact of various factors in local geology on pro environmental behavior is positive and effective. The sense of belonging of tourists to the tourist destination is the main driving force of tourists’ pro environmental behavior. This article introduced local characteristics into the impact mechanism of tourists’ sense of belonging on their pro environmental behavior in the West Lake tourist destination, and has achieved good results.
Research on the Impact of Social participation on Health level and Health equity of the middle-aged and elderly in China based on CHARLS2018: the moderation effect of health services utilization
Authors: Dong Huiqiu , Tang Shaoliang , Gong Yue , Zhao Xinghua , Qian Yuxin , Feng Yuli , Chen Lei , Sun Wenting 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective Social participation is a determinant of active aging and has a significant impact on the health of the middle-aged and elderly. This study aims to analyses the impact of social participation on health level and health equity among the middle-aged and elderly in China, and examines the moderating role of health services utilization. Methods Data are extracted from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which is a nationally representative survey for people in China aged 45 years and more. The Orderly Logistic model is used to empirically analyze the impact of social participation on health level and health inequality, and the role of health services utilization is explored. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) is used to further test robustness. Results This study found that social participation significantly reduces health inequality and improves the physical and mental health of middle-aged and elderly residents. Health services utilization plays an important moderating role between social participation and physiological health and health inequality. Specifically, the higher the degree of health services utilization of middle-aged and elderly residents, the stronger the positive contribution of social participation to their physiological health, which is conductive to improving health equity. These findings remain robust after propensity score matching. Conclusion Social participation significantly affects the health level of middle-aged and elderly residents, and health services utilization, economic situation and health behavior are also important risk factors of health. Therefore, the government should improve the social participation support system of middle-aged and elderly residents, and promote active social participation among the middle-aged and elderly, especially the moderate participation of younger elderly, which is not only beneficial to health promotion, but also greatly beneficial to economic and social development, and effectively contribute to healthy aging of China in the long run.
Hip adduction and abduction strength profiles in elite and sub-elite female soccer players according to players level and leg limb-dominance.
Authors: Jaenada-Carrilero Eloy , Vicente-Mampel Juan , Baraja-Vegas Luis , Thorborg Kristian , Valero-Merlos Eloína , Blanco-Gimenez Paula , Bautista Iker J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background It is well established that isometric hip strength assessment represents an important part of the clinical examination of the hip and groin pain. In this sense, adduction:abduction ratio could be an interesting variable to consider. Little is known about hip adduction and abduction strength profiles in female soccer players. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the isometric hip adduction and abduction strength profiles and adduction:abduction ratio in elite and sub-elite female soccer players.Methods A descriptive-comparative study was designed. Eighty-four female soccer players were evaluated. Isometric hip-adduction and abduction strength were measured using a hand held dynamometer.Results Female elite and sub-elite soccer players displayed a mean and standard deviation (SD) on isometric hip-adductor strength for dominant (3.19 Nm/kg ± 0.69 vs. 2.40 Nm/kg ± 0.67) and non-dominant leg (3.32 Nm/kg ± 0.76 versus 2.42 Nm/kg ± 0.70), respectively. For isometric hip-abductor strength in elite and sub-elite players, a mean and SD of dominant (2.86 Nm/kg ± 0.56 vs. 2.07 Nm/kg ± 0.50) and non-dominant (2.80 Nm/kg ± 0.59 vs. 2.04 Nm/kg ± 0.43). In essence, elite players were stronger than sub-elite players on isometric hip-adduction (mean difference [MD] = 0.82 Nm/kg, CI95%= 0.42–1.12) and abduction (MD = 0.83 Nm/kg, CI95%= 0.54–1.12) both in dominant and non-dominant, leg, whereas no differences existed for hip adduction:abduction ratios between groups and legs.Conclusions Elite female athletes were stronger than sub-elite female players in hip adduction and abduction, whereas adduction:abduction ratio values did not differ between groups and legs.
One-dimensional topological phase and tunable soliton states in atomic nanolines on Si(001) surface
Authors: Song Biyu , Zhi Guoxiang , Hua Chenqiang , Wu Meimei , Dou Wenzhen , Gao Wenjin , Li Tianzhao , Niu Tianchao , Zhou Miao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Formation of exotic topological states on technologically important semiconductor substrate is significant from the aspects of both fundamental research and practical implementation. Here, we demonstrate one-dimensional (1D) topological phase and tunable soliton states in atomic nanolines self-assembled on Si(001) surface. By first-principles calculations and tight-binding modeling, we reveal that Bi nanolines provide an ideal system to realize a multi-orbital Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model, and the electronic properties can be modulated by substrate-orbital-filtering effect. The topological features are confirmed by nontrivial end states with e/2 fractional charges for a finite-length nanoline and (anti-)soliton states at the boundary of two topologically distinct phases. We demonstrate that solitons are highly mobile on the surface, and their formation could be controlled by surface B/N doping. As these nanolines can extend several micrometers long without kinks, and quantum transport simulations suggest clear signatures of topological states characterized by transmission resonance peaks, our work paves an avenue to achieve 1D topological phase compatible with semiconductor technology and to engineer the properties with high tunability and fidelity for quantum information processing.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with Beta Major Thalassemia: The Association between the PRES Occurrence and Class of Beta Major Thalassemia
Authors: Jafari Leila , Behfar Maryam , Tabatabaie soroor , Karamlou Yalda , Kashani Homa , Radmard Amir Reza , Mohseni Rashin , Naji Parisa , Ghanbari Fatemeh , Ashkevari Pooya , Mohammadi Shiva , Hamidieh Amir Ali 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only definitive curative option for β-major thalassemia patients (β-MT). Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a pervasive neurological complication which typically ensues HSCT. β-MT patients are prone to higher PRES incidence compared to other hematologic and non-hematologic disorders. Hence, these patients must be evaluated for PRES after HSCT. We included 148 (90 males and 58 females) β-MT pediatric patients who underwent HSCT between March 2015 and August 2022 in our Center. Patients were followed for 5 years. In tandem, based on our findings, the clinical imaging findings in 25 pediatric patients, which represent 16.9% of the cohort, corroborated the diagnosis of PRES. 14 of 112 patients (12%) with class I and II developed PRES however, 11 of 36 patients (30.5%) with β-MT-III indicated PRES manifestation. Our results indicated there was a significant correlation between class β-MT-III and PRES occurrence (P = 0.02). Additionally, acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) occurred in 80% and 44.7% of patients in the PRES and non-PRES group, respectively (P = 0.001). The results of the Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 75% in the PRES group versus 92% in the non-PRES group was statistically significant between the two groups (P value < 0.0001). Our results indicated the diagnosis of PRES should be considered in β-MT pediatric patients.
An Evaluation of Pharmacy Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Risk Perceptions about HIV/AIDS
Authors: Alzahrani Fahad , Almohammadi Abdulrahman , Alhejaili Moayad , Almukhlifi Saad , Aloufi Emad , Alhudhayban Ahmad , Khan Abdulrahim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: In Saudi Arabia, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) remain serious public health concerns, despite considerable progress in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Considering that pharmacy students are future pharmacists, it is essential to determine their knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions towards HIV/AIDS.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was developed and administered to pharmacy students during their final academic year at Taibah University in Saudi Arabia. The data were analysed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS version 27. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to find the difference with a p-value of 0.05.
Results: A total of 130 pharmacy students responded to the questionnaire (76.64% response rate). The students’ knowledge about HIV/AIDS was low, with a mean knowledge score of 8.22 out of 15. Only 36.2% of pharmacy students were familiar with post-exposure prophylaxis, and only 11.5% knew the duration it takes for HIV to progress to AIDS. More than half of the students (60.8%) were unaware that antivirals are not effective in treating HIV/AIDS. Only 18.5% of students agreed that they were capable of counselling and treating individuals who are HIV-positive. A survey conducted among pharmacy students revealed that 46.2% of them did not receive adequate education on how to work with HIV/AIDS patients in a safe and responsible manner. Shockingly, 20% of the students were unwilling to assist HIV patients. Among pharmacy students, 54.6% recommended HIV testing for healthcare professionals, and 53.9% recommended it for patients before surgery.
Conclusion: The study highlighted inadequate knowledge among students as well as modest attitudes and risk perceptions towards HIV/AIDS. Saudi Arabian educational institutions and healthcare planners should implement educational interventions to enhance HIV/AIDS knowledge among healthcare students.
Cardiac Index and Heart Rate as Prognostic Indicators for Short-Term Outcomes in Septic Shock: A Retrospective Cohort Study from the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Ngan Chansokhon , Li Li , Wang Mingchun , Zeng Xueying , Lia Thongher , Zhou Liang , Liu Bo , Yin Wanhong , Kang Yan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Septic shock is a life-threatening condition associated with high mortality rates. Monitoring cardiac index (CI) and heart rate (HR) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is crucial for managing septic shock and predicting outcomes. However, the relationship between CI, HR, and mortality risk in septic shock patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between different levels of CI and HR and mortality in septic shock patients.
Using data from the MIMIC-IV version 2.0 database, sepsis and septic shock were defined according to sepsis-3 criteria. CI was calculated using cardiac output and body surface area. Restricted cubic spline curve analysis was employed to evaluate the incidence of CI in relation to 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day mortality. The optimal cutoff for predicted mortality was determined using the Youden index. Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression, and logistic regression were used to assess the association between CI, HR, and 28-day mortality.
Among 1498 septic shock patients, a U-shaped relationship between CI levels and mortality risk was observed (p < 0.001). CI levels between 1.85–2.8 L/min/m2 were associated with a mortality hazard ratio (HR) < 1, while low CI (HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.01–3.49) and high CI (HR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.26–2.97) were associated with increased mortality risk. The area under the curve (AUC) for HR predicting mortality was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.64–0.76) with a cutoff value of 93.63 bpm. Patients were divided into six subgroups based on HR and CI characteristics, and survival analysis showed higher survival rates in the HR↓+CI normal group, HR↓+CI↓ group, and HR↓+CI↑ group.
In conclusion, our retrospective study suggests that monitoring CI and HR in septic shock patients can provide insights into the organismal response, hemodynamic consequences, and prognosis. Healthcare providers should closely monitor changes in these parameters in septic shock patients admitted to the ICU for effective management and treatment.
Design and optimization of thermosensitive injectable alginate-based hydrogels: potential for loading therapeutic compounds
Authors: Hasannejad Farkhonde , Arab Samaneh , Farahmand Leila , Darvishi Behrad , Bahraminasab Marjan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Injectable hydrogels with high biocompatibility and easy fabrication have numerous advantages over other drug delivery systems. These can be readily injected at the tumor site, causing high loads of drugs entrapped within their structures. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to prepare an optimal formulation of alginate-based hydrogels to be thermosensitive and injectable for loading therapeutic agents and drug delivery. Here, four constituents including hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium alginate (SA), beta-glycerol phosphate (β-GP), and calcium chloride (CaCl2) were used to obtain the optimal formulations. A surface response methodology (RSM), namely Box-Behnken, in the design of experiment (DOE), was employed. DOE identified 27 hydrogels, which were synthesized accordingly. Based on the gelation temperature (as an objective function), two optimal hydrogel formulations were predicted by DOE and prepared for further analysis. Rheological tests, ART-FTIR, FE-SEM, biodegradability, swelling (at PH = 7.45 and PH = 6.5), and hydrogel biocompatibility to L929 cells (staining of Dihydroetidium (DHE), Phaloidine, and Acridine Orange (AO)) were performed. Furthermore, to demonstrate the potential of the optimum hydrogels for carrying and releasing therapeutic agents, menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells exosomes (Mens-exo) were used as a model drug, and their release rate and hydrogel degradability were evaluated. The results showed that all the constituents in the hydrogels except for HPMC had significant effects on the gelling process (temperature). The two hydrogel formulations with gelling temperatures of 35° C (H1) and 37° C (H2) were selected for relevant tests. ATR-FTIR and FE-SEM analyses indicated the suitability of chemical and morphological characteristics of both hydrogel samples. The obtained storage modulus (G ') and loss modulus (G″) for gelling temperature and time, strain and frequency tests showed that H1 hydrogel has more favorable rheological properties. Furthermore, in the evaluation of degradability at PH = 6.5, H1 hydrogel was degraded in a longer time (154 hours) and was more stable than H2 (100 hours). The cells loaded in the hydrogels also indicated the superior biocompatibility of H1 hydrogel rather than the H2. Moreover, the Mens-exo loading in H1 hydrogel exhibited a sustained release with reasonable degradability of the hydrogel. The results showed that the optimal hydrogels made up of HPMC, SA, β-GP, and CaCl2 were thermosensitive and injectable. In particular, the H1 hydrogel (SA = 0.889, HPMC = 2, β-GP = 5 and CaCl2 = 3.306) had high potential for loading therapeutic compounds.
Assessment of C-factor mapping of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) , In Ain Maabed Area , Djelfa-Algeria
Authors: Belaid Lyes , Fakroun Mustapha Fouad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The purpose of our study is the evaluation of factor C, plant cover of the USLE model at Ain Maabed region in order to assess the effect of vegetation cover on the reduction of water erosion, among the novelties we have the calculation of factor C from satellite imagery Sentinel 2A. We'll also see how to build a geographic soil database on Arcgis 10.2.2 The results of the study indicated that the area of Ain Maabed is subjected to a continuous deterioration in vegetation between 19971 and 2018. Which in turn degrades the soil and increases water erosion. For the location of the study area, the study area is characterized by its agro-pastoral vocation, it is located under the longitude 2–53'5'" and 3–14'24'', and latitude between 34°54'50 "34°44'45"'