bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viability of the virtual cone technique using a fixed small multi‐leaf collimator field for stereotactic radiosurgery of trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Neupane Taindra , Shang Charles , Kassel Maxwell , Muhammad Wazir , Leventouri Theodora , Williams Timothy R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDosimetric uncertainties in very small (≤1.5 × 1.5 cm2) photon fields are remarkably higher, which undermines the validity of the virtual cone (VC) technique with a diminutive and variable MLC fields. We evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of the VC method with a very small, fixed MLC field setting, called a fixed virtual cone (fVC), for small target radiosurgery such as trigeminal neuralgia (TGN). The fVC is characterized by 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm high‐definition (HD) MLC field of 10MV FFF beam defined at 100 cm SAD, while backup jaws are positioned at 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm. A spherical dose distribution equivalent to 5 mm (diameter) physical cone was generated using 10–14 non‐coplanar, partial arcs. Dosimetric accuracy was validated using SRS diode (PTW 60018), SRS MapCHECK (SNC) measurements. As a quality assurance measure, 10 treatment plans (SRS) for TGN, consisting of various arc ranges at different collimator angles were analyzed using 6 MV FFF and 10 MV FFF beams, including a field‐by‐field study (n = 130 fields). Dose outputs were compared between the Eclipse TPS and measurements (SRS MapCHECK). Moreover, dosimetric changes in the field defining fVC, prompted by a minute (± 0.5–1.0 mm) leaf shift, was examined among TPS, diode measurements, and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The beam model for fVC was validated (≤3% difference) using SRS MapCHECK based absolute dose measurements. The equivalent diameters of the 50% isodose distribution were found comparable to that of a 5 mm cone. Additionally, the comparison of field output factors, dose per MU between the TPS and SRS diode measurements using the fVC field, including ± 1 mm leaf shift, yielded average discrepancies within 5.5% and 3.5% for 6 MV FFF and 10 MV FFF beams, respectively. Overall, the fVC method is a credible alternative to the physical cone (5 mm) that can be applied in routine radiosurgical treatment of TGN.
Dosimetric impact of MLC positional errors on dose distribution in IMRT
Authors: Enomoto Hiromi , Fujita Yukio , Matsumoto Saki , Nakajima Yujiro , Nagai Miyuki , Tonari Ayako , Ebara Takeshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOptimizing the positional accuracy of multileaf collimators (MLC) for radiotherapy is important for dose accuracy and for reducing doses delivered to normal tissues. This study investigates dose sensitivity variations and complexity metrics of MLC positional error in volumetric modulated arc therapy and determines the acceptable ranges of MLC positional accuracy in several clinical situations. Treatment plans were generated for four treatment sites (prostate cancer, lung cancer, spinal, and brain metastases) using different treatment planning systems (TPSs) and fraction sizes. Each treatment plan introduced 0.25–2.0 mm systematic or random MLC leaf bank errors. The generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) sensitivity and complexity metrics (MU/Gy and plan irregularity) were calculated, and the correlation coefficients were assessed. Furthermore, the required tolerances for MLC positional accuracy control were calculated. The gEUD sensitivity showed the highest dependence of systematic positional error on the treatment site, followed by TPS and fraction size. The gEUD sensitivities were 6.7, 4.5, 2.5, and 1.7%/mm for Monaco and 8.9, 6.2, 3.4, and 2.3%/mm (spinal metastasis, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and brain metastasis, respectively) for RayStation. The gEUD sensitivity was strongly correlated with the complexity metrics (r = 0.88–0.93). The minimum allowable positional error for MLC was 0.63, 0.34, 1.02, and 0.28 mm (prostate, lung, brain, and spinal metastasis, respectively). The acceptable range of MLC positional accuracy depends on the treatment site, and an appropriate tolerance should be set for each treatment site with reference to the complexity metric. It is expected to enable easier and more detailed MLC positional accuracy control than before by reducing dose errors to patients at the treatment planning stage and by controlling MLC quality based on complexity metrics, such as MU/Gy.
NIR‐II Regulation of Mitochondrial Potassium Channel with Dual‐Targeted Conjugated Oligomer Nanoparticles for Efficient Cancer Theranostics In Vivo
Authors: Li Chaoqun , Gao Dong , Gao Yijian , Zhang Ran , Qu Xiongwei , Li Shengliang , Xing Chengfen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCell fate can be efficiently modulated by switching ion channels. However, the precise regulation of ion channels in cells, especially in specific organelles, remains challenging. Herein, biomimetic second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) responsive conjugated oligomer nanoparticles with dual‐targeted properties are designed and prepared to modulate the ion channels of mitochondria to selectively kill malignant cells in vivo. Upon 1060 nm laser irradiation, the mitochondria‐located nanoparticles photothermally release a specific ion inhibitor of the potassium channel via a temperature‐sensitive liposome, thus altering the redox balance and pathways of mitochondria. NIR‐II responsive nanoparticles can effectively regulate the potassium channels of mitochondria and fully suppress tumor growth. This work provides a new modality based on the NIR‐II nanoplatform to regulate ion channels in specific organelles and proposes an effective therapeutic mechanism for malignant tumors.
Covert Scattering Control in Metamaterials with Non‐Locally Encoded Hidden Symmetry
Authors: Sol Jérôme , Röntgen Malte , del Hougne Philipp 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSymmetries and tunability are of fundamental importance in wave scattering control, but symmetries are often obvious upon visual inspection, which constitutes a significant vulnerability of metamaterial wave devices to reverse‐engineering risks. Here, it is theoretically and experimentally shown that a symmetry in the reduced basis of the “primary meta‐atoms” that are directly connected to the outside world is sufficient; meanwhile, a suitable topology of non‐local interactions between them, mediated by the internal “secondary” meta‐atoms, can hide the symmetry from sight in the canonical basis. Covert symmetry‐based scattering control in a cable‐network metamaterial featuring a hidden parity () symmetry in combination with hidden‐‐symmetry‐preserving and hidden‐‐symmetry‐breaking tuning mechanisms is experimentally demonstrated. Physical‐layer security in wired communications is achieved using the domain‐wise hidden ‐symmetry as a shared secret between the sender and the legitimate receiver. Within the approximation of negligible absorption, the first tuning of a complex scattering metamaterial without mirror symmetry to feature exceptional points (EPs) of ‐symmetric reflectionless states, as well as quasi‐bound states in the continuum, is reported. These results are reproduced in metamaterials involving non‐reciprocal interactions between meta‐atoms, including the first observation of reflectionless EPs in a non‐reciprocal system.
Optimized V‐Doped Defective TiO2/α‐(Fe2O3)1‐x(Cr2O3)x Heterojunctions for Photo‐Assisted Supercapacitor Devices: Insights on the Materials Integrity and Dual Conversion‐Storage Mechanism
Authors: Sayed Doha M. , Bahnasawy Nour , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEnergy conversion and storage integrated power units suffer from multiple engineering issues. Replacing two devices (solar cell and supercapacitor assembly) with one device (photo‐enhanced supercapacitor‐ PSC) requires materials with emerged dual solar‐electrochemical storage attributes. Herein, a propitious approach is developed to fabricate all visible light‐enhanced semisolid flexible PCS. Nanoflakes‐based p‐n junction α‐(Fe2O3)1‐x(Cr2O3)x photocathode is synthesized directly on industrial waste stainless steel mesh (316L‐SS). Alongside, three TiO2‐based electrodes are utilized as positive photoactive electrodes. Tuning the optical properties of TiO2 is displayed via doping with mixed valence vanadium (V4+/V5+) together with thermal hydrogen annealing. This is revealed via the reduction of the bandgap energy from 2.89 to 2.15 eV, which can be ascribed to the induced oxygen vacancies. The device can sustain up to 1.6 V potential window with 91% stability after 350 successive charge/discharge cycles with the possibility of performance regeneration to its 100% retention. An illustration of the photo‐storage mechanism is proposed based on the X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X–ray crystallography, and band position/alignment results. Quasi‐reversible water splitting/formation is concluded as the main storage mechanism in the semisolid state electrolyte under illumination conditions.
An unusually robust specimen attributed to Buriolestes schultzi (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil
Authors: Moro Débora , Damke Lísie Vitória Soares , Müller Rodrigo Temp , Kerber Leonardo , Pretto Flávio Augusto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBuriolestes schultzi is a small sauropodomorph dinosaur from Carnian beds (ca., 233 Ma) of southern Brazil. It is one of the earliest members of that lineage and is a key taxon to investigate the initial evolution of Sauropodomorpha. Here, we attribute a new specimen to B. schultzi from Late Triassic of southern Brazil, which represents the first occurrence of the taxon outside the type locality. The new specimen comprises a disarticulated and partial skeleton, including cranial and postcranial elements. It is tentatively regarded as an additional specimen of B. schultzi according to a unique combination of traits (including autapomorphies). Conversely, the new specimen is stouter than the other specimens of B. schultzi, as shown by femoral Robustness Index. Based on femoral circumference, the estimated body mass of the new specimen is approximately 15 kg, which is far higher than the previous estimations for other specimens of B. schultzi (i.e., approximately 7 kg). In fact, the new specimen and some specimens of Eoraptor lunensis and Saturnalia tupiniquim were found to be significantly stouter than coeval sauropodomorphs. Therefore, instead of all being constructed as gracile, the earliest sauropodomorphs experienced an unappreciated intraspecific variation in robustness. This is interesting because more precise data on species body mass are crucial in order to better understand the complex terrestrial ecosystems in which dinosaurs originated.
Detector system challenges of the wide‐field spectroscopic survey telescope (WST)
Authors: Bacon Roland , Roth Martin M. , Amico Paola , Hernandez Eloy ,   The WST Consortium
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe wide‐field spectroscopic survey telescope (WST) is proposed to become the next large optical/near infrared facility for the European southern observatory (ESO) once the extremely large telescope (ELT) has become operational. While the latter is optimized for unprecedented sensitivity and adaptive‐optics assisted image quality over a small field of view, WST addresses the need for large survey volumes in spectroscopy with the light‐collecting power of a 10‐m class telescope. Its unique layout will feature the combination of multi‐object and integral field spectroscopy simultaneously. For the intended capacity of this layout, a very large number of detectors are needed. The complexity of the detector systems presents a number of challenges that are discussed with a focus on novel approaches and innovative detector designs that can be expected to emerge over the anticipated 20‐year timeline of this project.
Simultaneous detection of SO2 and viscosity in drug‐induced inflammation in live cells and zebrafish
Authors: Kafuti Yves S. , Liu Xiaosheng , Zeng Shuang , Han Jingjing , Li Haidong , Wang Jingyun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe viscosity within cells is a crucial microenvironmental factor, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) has essential functions in regulating cellular apoptosis and inflammation. Some evidence has been confirmed that changes in viscosity and overexposure of SO2 within the cell may cause detrimental effects including, but not limited to, respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, inflammation, fatty liver, and various types of cancer. Therefore, precise monitoring of SO2 and viscosity in biological entities holds immense practical importance. Therefore, in this research, we developed a versatile fluorescent TCF‐Cou that enables the dual detection of SO2 and viscosity in the living system. Probe TCF‐Cou possessed a response to viscosity and SO2 through red and green emissions. The alteration of SO2 and viscosity levels in live cells and zebrafish were also monitored using probe TCF‐Cou. We hope that this fluorescent probe could be a potential tool for revealing the related pathological and physiological processes through monitoring the changes in SO2 and viscosity.
LC–MS/MS methods for determination of venetoclax in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Yang Yan‐Ling , Qian Zhou‐Yi , Zhao Yang , Chen Xiang‐Long , Huang Qiong‐Ye , Guo Yu‐Jiao , Sun Lu‐Ning , Wang Yong‐Qing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe developed and validated sensitive MS/MS methods for the determination of venetoclax, an oral selective B‐cell lymphoma‐2 inhibitor, in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Acetonitrile was used as protein precipitant. The mobile phase was 10 mM ammonium formate consisting of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile (40:60, v/v). The analytes were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) in 5 min. An API 4000 mass spectrometer was selected to quantify venetoclax and internal standard using m/z 868.3 → 636.3 and 876.3 → 644.3 under multiple response monitoring mode. In plasma, the calibration curve exhibited good linearity ranging from 20.0 to 5000 ng/mL, whereas in the CSF, the linear range was 0.500–100 ng/mL. The matrix effect of venetoclax and internal standard (venetoclax‐d8) was not obvious in both plasma and CSF. The inter‐ and intra‐run accuracy was within ±11.9%, and the inter‐ and intra‐run precision was below 13.6%. Both methods had no carryover, and the recovery was close to 100%. The validated methods were employed to quantify the concentrations of venetoclax in the plasma and CSF of patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or acute myelogenous leukemia.
Leukoplakia of the Marginal Gingiva: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Tosios Konstantinos I. , Vasilas Athanasios , Melakopoulos Ioannis , Sklavounou‐Andrikopoulou Alexandra 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionLeukoplakia of the marginal gingivae is uncommon and in most cases reported up to date represents a manifestation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. The clinical and pathologic features of two cases of leukoplakia confined to the marginal gingiva are described and their biologic significance is discussed.Case PresentationThe cases involved two female patients, non‐smokers, aged 82 and 57. The lesions clinically appeared as small, well‐demarcated white plaques on the marginal gingiva of posterior teeth. After being totally excised, microscopic examination showed keratosis of unknown significance in the first patient and verrucous hyperplasia in the latter, while immunohistochemistry for p16INK4A was negative for both. There was no recurrence in 7 months and 5 months after excision, respectively.ConclusionA white plaque on the marginal gingiva may be overlooked due to its small size or may be misdiagnosed as frictional keratosis. However, it may represent leukoplakia, a potentially malignant disorder. Therefore, diagnosis and management should follow the established guidelines for leukoplakia.
The Modified Apically Repositioned Flap Technique and Its Potential to Regain Gingival Melanin Pigmentation
Authors: Carnio João , Camargo Paulo M. , Chen Julia W. , Leung Ho‐Yin , Pirih Flavia Q. 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionPatients that have gingival melanin pigmentation present an esthetic challenge to clinicians because it is often hard to maintain or regain this pigmentation after surgery. These cases show the Modified Apically Repositioned Flap (MARF) technique and its potential to increase the likelihood of repigmentation of the surgical site with better matching esthetic results.Case SeriesA total of six healthy, non‐smoking patients presented with the need for increased dimension of attached gingiva. All patients had pre‐existing physiologic gingival melanin pigmentation and underwent the MARF technique. Ten teeth were included in the case series and the observational follow‐up period ranged from 1 to 2 years. The surgical areas were analyzed in relation to the width of keratinized and attached gingiva, marginal tissue recession, and probing depth. The final esthetic results, were judged by 20 periodontists using standardized photographs and a grading scale from 0 to 2.ConclusionsTreatment with MARF resulted in a significant increase in the apico‐coronal dimension of the keratinized and attached gingiva (P < 0.05). The increase in keratinized tissue ranged from 1.85 to 4.65 mm, and the increase in attached gingiva ranged from 0.8 to 3.55 mm. Probing depths and recession did not change significantly compared to initial values. Experienced clinicians judged the final esthetic results to be completely matched, with pigmentation in the healed tissue blending well with pre‐existing pigmentation.The MARF technique should be considered as an alternative surgical technique when an increase in the apico‐coronal dimension of attached gingiva is required in patients with gingival melanin pigmentation.
Castleman disease presenting as lymphadenopathy in a female with systemic lupus erythematosus: A rare case report
Authors: Khabbazi Alireza , Khalaji Amirreza , Pourbagherian Omid , Vahedi Amir , Jafarpour Mehdi 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageCastleman disease is an infrequent disease that affects the lymph nodes and related tissues. The condition may manifest with lymphadenopathy, characterized by the enlargement of the lymph nodes, alongside additional symptoms such as high fever, nocturnal sweating, exhaustion, and loss of body mass. The diagnosis of Castleman disease typically entails a multifaceted approach that includes a physical examination, imaging modalities, and a biopsy of the lymph nodes that are affected. The selection of treatment modalities is contingent upon the classification and extent of the disease. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of lymphoma, a condition that may manifest with lymphadenopathy resembling Castleman disease. Hence, it is crucial for individuals diagnosed with SLE and exhibiting lymphadenopathy to undergo a comprehensive assessment to exclude the possibility of any other associated disease. Although lymphadenopathy is a common symptom shared by both Castleman illness and SLE, these diseases have distinct etiologies and are treated in different ways. Seeking advice from a healthcare practitioner is crucial in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. A 39‐year‐old female patient with a history of SLE since 18 years ago and lupus nephritis since 6 years ago which treated with Mycophenolic Acid 2 g daily, Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg daily, and low doses of Prednisolone. Also, Mycophenolic Acid has discontinued for her 5 months ago due to the reduction of proteinuria and the control of the disease. Although the association of Castleman Disease with SLE is infrequent, establishing a connection between them could prove advantageous in the treatment and etiology of diseases.
Encapsulation in Charged Droplets Generates Distorted Host‐Guest Complexes**
Authors: Stares Daniel L. , Szumna Agnieszka , Schalley Christoph A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ability of various hydrogen‐bonded resorcinarene‐based capsules to bind α,ω‐alkylbisDABCOnium (DnD) guests of different lengths was investigated in solution and in the gas‐phase. While no host‐guest interactions were detected in solution, encapsulation could be achieved in the charged droplets formed during electrospray ionisation (ESI). This included guests, which are far too long in their most stable conformation to fit inside the cavity of the capsules. A combination of three mass spectrometric techniques, namely, collision‐induced dissociation, hydrogen/deuterium exchange, and ion‐mobility mass spectrometry, together with computational modelling allow us to determine the binding mode of the DnD guests inside the cavity of the capsules. Significant distortions of the guest into horseshoe‐like arrangements are required to optimise cation‐π interactions with the host, which also adopt distorted geometries with partially open hydrogen‐bonding seams when binding longer guests. Such quasi “spring‐loaded” capsules can form in the charged droplets during the ESI process as there is no competition between guest encapsulation and ion pair formation with the counterions that preclude encapsulation in solution. The encapsulation complexes are sufficiently stable in the gas‐phase – even when strained – because non‐covalent interactions significantly strengthen in the absence of solvent.
A GHz‐level memristor emulator with only MOSFET
Authors: Zhou Lei , Wang Chune , Chen Xiaozhong 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe MOS‐only memristor only uses the transistor's intrinsic capacitance to realize the memristor's memory effect, which is beneficial to increase its operating frequency and reduce its occupied chip area. This paper proposes a GHz‐level MOS‐only memristor emulator (i.e., PGME and NGME). PGME/NGME consists of three/four MOSFETs without any external elements and power supplies. The operating frequency of PGME/NGME is high up to 5 GHz. When the three/four MOSFETs in PGME are pch_hvts of TSMC's 65‐nm process, the occupied chip areas of PGME‐3, PGME‐4A, and PGME‐4B are 3.9 ∗ 2.7
m2, 4.3 ∗ 3.3
m2, and 4.3 ∗ 4.4
m2, respectively. The minimum step time of material implication circuit based on PGME‐3 and NGME‐3 is only 70 ps. Additionally, a chaotic oscillator circuit based on PGME‐4A is presented and verified with discrete p‐channel MOSFETs of CD4007.
Genomic signatures of bottleneck and founder effects in dingoes
Authors: Kumar Manoharan , Conroy Gabriel , Ogbourne Steven , Cairns Kylie , Borburgh Liesbeth , Subramanian Sankar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDingoes arrived in Australia during the mid‐Holocene and are the top‐order terrestrial predator on the continent. Although dingoes subsequently spread across the continent, the initial founding population(s) could have been small. We investigated this hypothesis by sequencing the whole genomes of three dingoes and also obtaining the genome data from nine additional dingoes and 56 canines, including wolves, village dogs and breed dogs, and examined the signatures of bottlenecks and founder effects. We found that the nucleotide diversity of dingoes was low, 36% less than highly inbred breed dogs and 3.3 times lower than wolves. The number of runs of homozygosity (RoH) segments in dingoes was 1.6–4.7 times higher than in other canines. While examining deleterious mutational load, we observed that dingoes carried elevated ratios of nonsynonymous‐to‐synonymous diversities, significantly higher numbers of homozygous deleterious Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs), and increased numbers of loss of function SNVs, compared to breed dogs, village dogs, and wolves. Our findings can be explained by bottlenecks and founder effects during the establishment of dingoes in mainland Australia. These findings highlight the need for conservation‐based management of dingoes and the need for wildlife managers to be cognisant of these findings when considering the use of lethal control measures across the landscape.