bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Körperliches Training und Frakturprävention.
Trainingsinhaltliche Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der
Knochenfestigkeit
Authors: Willert Sebastian , von Stengel Simon , Kohl Matthias , Jakob Franz , Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Lange Uwe , Peters Stefan , Thomasius Friederike , Kemmler Wolfgang 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung„Trainingsinhalte“ sind „konkrete Maßnahmen zur
Realisierung des/der geplanten Trainingsziel(e)s“. Im Bereich
der Forschung am Knochen bietet sich eine Einteilung der Trainingsinhalte (oder
Belastungstypen) in mechanisch lokale wie axiale Belastung, Muskelzugsbelastung,
Belastungsverteilung sowie einen systemisch übergreifenden
„Knochenfaktor“, die endokrine Komponente an. Crosssektionale
Studien mit Sportlerkollektiven sowie longitudinale Untersuchungen mit
untrainierten, älteren Kollektiven zeigen dabei, dass sich
Trainingsinhalte mit hohem osteoanabolem Potenzial durch hohe axiale Belastung,
hohe Muskelzugsbelastung, ungewöhnliche Belastungsverteilung und
günstiges hormonelles Milieu auszeichnen. Ein günstiges
hormonelles Milieu, also eine belastungsinduzierte erhöhte Konzentration
anaboler Substanzen, kann dabei permissiv für die Effekte mechanischer
Knochenfaktoren sein. Hohe axiale Trainingsreize kollidieren indes
häufig mit dem körperlichen Status älterer Menschen. Ein
dynamisches Krafttraining, idealerweise an Kraftgeräten, bietet die
Möglichkeit auch intensive Methodenvarianten sicher und schmerzfrei zu
applizieren. Insbesondere das Vehikel „Wassergymnastik“ bietet
sich für besonders vulnerable Gruppen als Trainingsoption zur
eigenverantwortlichen Osteoporosetherapie/Frakturprophylaxe an.
Rehabilitationssport und Funktionstraining können dabei als geeignete
Vehikel zur Umsetzung dienen.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children with Cancer: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in North India
Authors: Roy Pritam Singha , Randhawa Manjinder Singh , Nallasamy Karthi , Singh Mini P. , Peyam Srinivasan , Chhabra Prashant , Senguttuvan Gnanamani , Muhammed Safal , Dhankar Mukesh , Jain Richa , Bansal Deepak , Trehan Amita 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction Children with cancer are immunocompromised due to the disease per se or anticancer therapy. Children are believed to be at a lower risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease.
Objective This study analyzed the outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children with cancer.
Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients (≤ 14 years) with cancer attending the pediatric oncology services of our institute who tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 infection and those who had COVID-19 disease between August 2020 and May 2021. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction performed on the nasopharyngeal swab identified the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary endpoints were clinical recovery, interruption of cancer treatment, and associated morbidity and mortality.
Results Sixty-six (5.7%) of 1,146 tests were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fifty-two (79%) and 14 (21%) patients had hematolymphoid and solid malignancies. Thirty-two (48.5%) patients were asymptomatic. A mild-moderate, severe, or critical disease was observed in 75% (18/24), 12.5% (3/24), and 12.5% (3/24) of the symptomatic patients. The “all-cause” mortality was 7.6% (5/66), with only one (1.5%) death attributable to COVID-19. Two (3%) patients required ventilation. Two (3%) patients had a delay in cancer diagnosis secondary to COVID-19 infection. Thirty-eight (57.6%) had a disruption in anticancer treatment.
Conclusion Children with cancer do not appear to be at an increased risk of severe illness due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings substantiate continuing the delivery of nonintensive anticancer treatment unless sick. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection interrupted anticancer therapy in a considerable proportion of children.
Surgical Management of Large (≥3 cm) Trigeminal Schwannomas: Functional Outcomes and Approach Selection in Multicompartmental Schwannomas
Authors: Dwarakanath Srinivas , Deora Harsh , Mehta Sarthak , Shukla Dhaval , A. Arivazhagan , Rao KVLN , Somanna Sampath 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction Trigeminal schwannoma surgery has shown a remarkable improvement in functional recovery and tumor resection. In the era of radiosurgery, these outcomes need to be characterized for tumors which are outside the realm of being treated with radiosurgery. We present a series of trigeminal schwannomas larger than 3 cm, surgical approaches used, and outcomes with an emphasis on functional recovery in a high-volume center with radiosurgery facilities.
Method All consecutive cases of trigeminal schwannoma from January 2012 to May 2021 which were more than 3 cm in size and underwent microsurgery were included in this series. The surgical approach, neurological outcomes, and extent of resection were defined objectively with pre/postoperative magnetic resonance imaging.
Results A total of 83 such cases (>3 cm) were found, with cranial nerve symptoms (5th most common) being the commonest. Twenty three percent cases had blindness due to secondary optic atrophy and eighteen percent had long tract motor symptoms signifying the tumor burden in our series. Radiological gross total excision was achieved in 75.9% cases.
Conclusion Large-volume schwannomas present with cranial nerve involvement and may need extensive skull base approaches. Functional outcomes need to be prioritized and can be achieved albeit with lesser gross resection rates. Hearing and facial preservation in addition to relief of trigeminal symptoms should be the goal of resection with minimal additional morbidity.
Cross Sections for Electron Scattering from Cadmium: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Marinković B. P. , McEachran R. P. , Fursa D. V. , Bray I. , Umer H. , Blanco F. , García G. , Brunger M. J. , Campbell L. , Jones D. B. 
Published: May 2023

Results from the application of optical potential, relativistic optical potential, relativistic convergent close-coupling, and binary encounter Bethe models to electron scattering from gas-phase cadmium are presented. In particular, integral cross sections for elastic scattering, summed discrete electronic-state excitation, and ionization scattering processes are reported over an extended incident electron-energy range. Total cross sections are constructed by taking their sum. Measurements are presented for elastic scattering and for excitation to the 51P1 state. The theoretical and experimental results are compared to previous calculations and measurements. Recommended electron cross-section datasets are constructed over an incident electron energy range of 0.01–10 000 eV.
Methyl and carbon–carbon double bond in anhydride molecules modulated surface charge trap depth of epoxy materials
Authors: Zhao Yushun , Xu Yufan , Teyssèdre Gilbert , Xue Jianyi , Zhao Yanning , Du Bin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Epoxy insulators in gas insulated switchgear and gas insulated transmission lines tend to accumulate surface charges, leading to insulation flashover. Improving the surface trap characteristics of epoxy materials, which can accelerate the surface charge dissipation of epoxy insulators, is a promising method to improve the surface insulation performance. The surface trap characteristics of epoxy materials are strongly influenced by the chemical groups in the acid anhydride molecules. In this work, by quantum chemical calculations and isothermal surface potential decay tests, taking six organic anhydrides that differ only in the methyl and carbon–carbon double bonds, we find the modulation laws of methyl and carbon–carbon double bonds on the charge trap depth within and between molecular chains. The regulation mechanism is revealed from the microscopic perspectives of electron energy structure and electron cloud offset. The changes of surface charge trap depth of epoxy materials are primarily attributed to the changes in the spatial distribution of the electron cloud density between and on the valence bonds caused by the interaction between the electron-donating methyl group and the electron-absorbing carbon–carbon double bond.
Influence of oxygen on solid carbon formation during arcing of eco-friendly SF6-alternative gases
Authors: Zhang Boya , Wang Sunsiqin , Chen Li , Li Xingwen , Tang Nian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
During the arc breaking process of high-voltage circuit breakers, the eco-friendly SF6-alternative gases will inevitably decompose and generate various decomposition products. In some cases, this will contain solid by-products such as solid carbon, which will have a deterioration effect on the electrical insulation performance of the equipment. It has been found that adding a proper amount of O2 can effectively inhibit the formation of solid carbon. In this paper, based on the improved Gibbs free energy minimization method, a calculation model considering the solid decomposition products was established, and the arc plasma composition of CO2/O2 mixtures with the new eco-friendly gases, such as C4F7N, C5F10O, HFO-1234ze(E) and HFO-1336mzz(E), in local thermodynamic equilibrium state was calculated. The change of decomposition products with the initial O2 ratio is studied, and the criterion expression of inhibiting solid carbon formation is obtained. We also applied the method to the calculation of other SF6-alternative gases containing sulfur atoms such as NSF3 and CF3SO2F. Finally, we showed that solid carbon can be inhibited when a proper molecule formula is satisfied. This work may provide new ideas for further exploring the potential of SF6-alternative gases.
Translocation of an active polymer into a two dimensional circular nano-container
Authors: Rezaie-Dereshgi Amir , Khalilian Hamidreza , Sarabadani Jalal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Translocation dynamics of an active semi-flexible polymer through a nano-pore into a rigid two dimensional circular nano-container has been studied by using Langevin dynamics simulations. The results show that the force exponent β, for regime of small nano-container radius, i.e.

R
≪

R

g

, where R
g is the gyration radius of the passive semi-flexible polymer in two dimensional free space, is

β
=
−
1

, while for large values of

R
≫

R

g

the asymptotic value of the force exponent is

β
≈
−
0.93

. The force exponent is defined by the scaling form of the average translocation time

⟨
τ
⟩
∝

F

sp

β

, where F
sp is the self-propelling force. Moreover, using the definition of the turning number (number of net turns of the polymer configuration) for the polymer inside the cavity, it has been found that at the end of translocation process for small value of R and in the strong force limit the polymer configuration is more regular than the case in which the value of R is large or the force is weak.
Novel 3D printed probe for bioimpedance spectroscopic measurement of oral mucosa: design and testing with ex vivo porcine oral tissues
Authors: Emran Shekh , Jokinen Noora , Laitinen Kimmo , Lappalainen Reijo , Myllymaa Sami 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has a high potential in various biomedical applications. We hypothesize that 3D printing could be a viable option to construct novel bioimpedance spectroscopic (BIS) sensors suitable for electrochemical characterization of oral mucosal tissues. Previous BIS studies have relied on hand-made probes possessing significant limitations related to their single patient disposable use, large inter-probe differences, and weak reproducibility of measurement. There is also uncertainty related to the effect of varying loading pressure between the probe and biological tissue. Here, we introduce three differently sized rectangular shaped 3D printed probes and test those using a four-terminal measurement principle on various porcine oral tissue samples. We find that constructing a fully 3D printed probe is a challenging task, prone to issues relating to short-circuiting or electrochemical corrosion. However, our final prototype version, constructed with silver-coated copper electrodes, showed favorable characteristics in BIS experiments. All three differently sized probes were able to differentiate between different tissue types with excellent reproducibility. The effect of loading pressure was found to be almost negligible when using small- and medium-sized probes. However, further studies are needed to measure tissues with uneven surfaces, such as palatinum, and to avoid manual or (electro)chemical surface-finishing steps.
Evaluation of stability and antitumor activity of two-dimensional black phosphorus modified with positively charged protein
Authors: Zhao Chong , Lin Jiamin , Cai Yin , Zhong Yuming , Li Yinghua , Zhou Benqing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional black phosphorus (2D BP), a novel 2D photoelectric material with excellent near-infrared optical absorption, biocompatibility, and degradability, has shown enormous potential in biomedical field. However, under the action of light, oxygen and water, 2D BP is easily degraded to phosphate and phosphonate. In this work, trastuzumab (Tmab) as a positively charged protein was used to modify 2D BP through electrostatic interaction to form BP-Tmab. The Tmab layer on the surface of 2D BP can effectively protect BP from water, which significantly enhanced the water stability of BP. PEGylated 2D BP (BP-PEG) as a control was also prepared. After 7 days in air-exposed water, the attenuation value of BP-Tmab was only 6.62 ± 2.72% at room temperature, which was much lower than that of naked 2D BP (52.47 ± 2.26%) and BP-PEG (25.84 ± 2.80%) under the same conditions. The result was further confirmed by the temperature changes at different time points under laser irradiation, suggesting that the degradation of BP was effectively reduced by Tmab modification. In addition, BP-Tmab displayed satisfactory biocompatibility and can effectively destroy cancer cells under laser irradiation, showing an excellent photothermal therapy effect.
Contact topology and non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Authors: Entov Michael , Polterovich Leonid 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We describe a method, based on contact topology, of showing the existence of semi-infinite trajectories of contact Hamiltonian flows which start on one Legendrian submanifold and asymptotically converge to another Legendrian submanifold. We discuss a mathematical model of non-equilibrium thermodynamics where such trajectories play a role of relaxation processes, and illustrate our results in the case of the Glauber dynamics for the mean field Ising model.
On pulse-to-pulse coupling in low-temperature filamentary plasma-assisted ignition in methane-air flows
Authors: Patel Ravi , van Oijen Jeroen , Nijdam Sander , Dam Nico 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This work aims to characterize the effects of pulse repetition rate (PRR) and flow speed on dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma pulse-to-pulse coupling and its ability to ignite methane-air flows. Experiments are performed on a homemade DBD flow reactor with 5 mm discharge gap. Pressure and equivalence ratio are kept constant at 700 mbar and 0.6. First, we perform high-speed intensified imaging to visualize pulse-to-pulse plasma behavior and ignition kernel development. In air flows, plasma morphology changes from multiple weak filaments to a few stronger filaments indicating plasma pulse-to-pulse coupling. This leads to plasma energy addition in nearly the same gas volume as the previous discharge. The study performed in methane-air flows highlights the importance of plasma pulse-to-pulse coupling for ignition. We find a critical PRR and a minimum number of pulses required to achieve a strong enough coupling to develop a successful ignition kernel. Ignition probability and kernel growth are also evaluated for various conditions. Finally, plasma pulse-to-pulse coupling is quantified by measuring the plasma parameters such as gas temperature and reduced electric field from an optical emission spectroscopy.
Geometric control of thermoformable knitted textiles using raster images
Authors: Tan Ying Yi , Quek Yu Han , Chia Pei Zhi , Gupta Ujjaval 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Computer numerical control (CNC) knitting technology offers great potential in the creation of thermoformable textiles that can be shaped and stiffened in response to heat. Our research explores how CNC knitting can be used to design and fabricate textiles with precisely allocated material and microstructure layouts. These layouts pre-program specific deformation mechanism(s) into the textile that bias it to form an intended geometry, forgoing the need for a mould during the thermoforming process. We fabricate these smart textiles by knitting two thermal-reactive yarns with different extents of shrinkage, in a double layered structure akin to a bilayer strip. We develop a computational design-to-fabrication pipeline that translates raster images into machine-knittable instructions. Referencing multi-material additive manufacturing principles and self-actuating textiles, this paper proposes several design strategies of dithered gradients, tessellated patches and origami creases, to convert input pixel data into a material distribution layout. When paired with our assisted thermoforming process, this layout induces specific deformations of the textile, such as uni-/multi-axial curling, periodic buckling and sharp folding. Our prototypes implement these strategies on the micro-, meso- and macroscale, leading to the design and fabrication of an architectural cladding panel (700 × 535 × 110 mm) and a patterned clutch bag (200 × 420 × 65 mm).
Pseudo-Riemann’s quartics in Finsler’s geometry—two-dimensional case
Authors: Itin Yakov 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Finsler’s geometry usually describes an extension of Riemmann’s geometry into a direction-dependent geometric structure. Historically, the well-known Riemann’s quartic length element example served as the inspiration for this construction. Surprisingly, the covariant Fresnel equation—a fundamental dispersion relation in solid-state electrodynamics—emerges as the exact same quartic expression. As a result, Riemann’s quartic length expression can be regarded of as a mathematical representation of a well-known physical phenomenon. In this study, we offer numerous Riemann’s quartic examples that show Finsler’s geometry, even in the situation of a positive definite Euclidean signature space, is too restrictive for many applications. The strong axioms of Finsler’s geometry are violated in a substantially greater number of distinctive subsets for the spaces having an indefinite (Minkowski) signature. We suggest a weaker characterization of Finsler’s structure based on explicitly calculated two-dimensional examples. In tangential vector space, this concept permits singular subsets. Only open subsets of a manifold’s tangent bundle are required to satisfy the strong axioms of Finsler’s geometry. We demonstrate the distinctive unique subsets of the Riemann’s quartic in two dimensions and briefly discuss their possible physical origins.
Comparison of Two Competing Theories of 3-Flavor Neutrino Oscillations
Authors: Fanchi John R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Neutrino oscillation observations are used to compare two competing theories of 3-flavor neutrino oscillations. The two theories considered here are the standard model of neutrino oscillations, and parametrized Relativistic Quantum Theory (pRQT). pRQT is a manifestly covariant quantum theory with invariant evolution parameter. Recent data and a neutrino mass model from each theory are used to calculate neutrino masses. The models yield significantly different predictions of neutrino masses.
Study of MIPs effects on a MAPS for electron ion collider in China
Authors: Cao B. , Jing L. , He R. , Yin R. , Huang J. , Liu N. , Niu X. , Fu F. , Han W. , Wang Y. , Zhao C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) is a good candidate for the inner
tracking system of the Electron–Ion Collider in China (EicC). Hence, a
MAPS with a pixel pitch of ∼30 µm is being designed. Two
130 nm CMOS processes have been proposed as candidates for this MAPS
design. The first one is a commercial standard twin-well low-resistivity
(<50 Ω cm−3) process, and the other
one is a quadruple-well high-resistivity (>1 kΩ cm−3)
process. A 3-dimensional TCAD model of the pixels has been established to
evaluate the Minimum Ionizing Particles (MIPs) induced charge collection in
these two processes. This paper will discuss the study of charge collection
efficiency, charge collection time, and charge sharing among pixels.
Correlation between thermal neutrons and soil moisture measured by ENDA
Authors: Yang F. , Ma X.-H. , Chen H.-K. , Chen T.-L. , Cui S.-W. , Danzengluobu  , Gao W. , Kuleshov D. , Kurinov K. , Li B.-B. , Liu M.-Y. , Liu Y. , Shchegolev O. , Stenkin Y. , Xiao D.-X. , Yin L.-Q. , Zhang L.-W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hadrons are the “skeleton” of extensive air shower (EAS). They possess favorable information concerning composition and energy of cosmic ray. Thermal neutrons generated by the EAS hadrons in the ground as well as charged particles in EAS front plane can be detected by Electron-Neutron detector (EN-detector). A prototype of EN-Detector Array (ENDA), ENDA-16 was built at Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) to test its performance of detection of cosmic ray composition and energy spectrum. It has been proved in former work that there is a decrease of thermal neutrons detected in rainy season. For quantitative evaluation of influence of soil moisture on thermal neutrons, at the center of ENDA-16, five soil moisture meters are installed to record soil moisture. Negative correlation between thermal neutron counting rate and soil moisture is obtained. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a soil depth 0.5 m over the soil moisture sensor is enough for monitoring negative correlation between thermal neutron counting rate and soil moisture. The results provide us a method to correct the experimental data during the rainy season so as to reduce systematic uncertainty of thermal neutron measurement in the ENDA experiment.
Recent advances in horizontal alveolar bone regeneration
Authors: Li Tiancheng , Zeng Xinyi , Zou Shujuan , Xu Yi , Duan Peipei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Alveolar bone loss is widespread in all age groups and remains a severe hazard to periodontal health. Horizontal alveolar bone loss is the pattern of bone loss more commonly seen in periodontitis. Until now, limited regenerative procedures have been applied to treating horizontal alveolar bone loss in periodontal clinics, making it the least predictable periodontal defect type. This article reviews the literature on recent advances in horizontal alveolar bone regeneration. The biomaterials and clinical and preclinical approaches tested for the regeneration of the horizontal type of alveolar bone are first discussed. Furthermore, current obstacles for horizontal alveolar bone regeneration and future directions in regenerative therapy are presented to provide new ideas for developing an effective multidisciplinary strategy to address the challenge of horizontal alveolar bone loss.