bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of nitrate leaching to no‐tillage is dependent on soil, climate, and management factors: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jinbo , Hu Wei , Chau Henry Wai , Beare Mike , Cichota Rogerio , Teixeira Edmar , Moore Tom , Di Hong , Cameron Keith , Guo Jing , Xu Lingying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNo tillage (NT) has been proposed as a practice to reduce the adverse effects of tillage on contaminant (e.g., sediment and nutrient) losses to waterways. Nonetheless, previous reports on impacts of NT on nitrate () leaching are inconsistent. A global meta‐analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis that the response of leaching under NT, relative to tillage, is associated with tillage type (inversion vs non‐inversion tillage), soil properties (e.g., soil organic carbon [SOC]), climate factors (i.e., water input), and management practices (e.g., NT duration and nitrogen fertilizer inputs). Overall, compared with all forms of tillage combined, NT had 4% and 14% greater area‐scaled and yield‐scaled leaching losses, respectively. The leaching under NT tended to be 7% greater than that of inversion tillage but comparable to non‐inversion tillage. Greater leaching under NT, compared with inversion tillage, was most evident under short‐duration NT (<5 years), where water inputs were low (<2 mm day−1), in medium texture and low SOC (<1%) soils, and at both higher (>200 kg ha−1) and lower (0–100 kg ha−1) rates of nitrogen addition. Of these, SOC was the most important factor affecting the risk of NO3− leaching under NT compared with inversion tillage. Globally, on average, the greater amount of NO3− leached under NT, compared with inversion tillage, was mainly attributed to corresponding increases in drainage. The percentage of global cropping land with lower risk of NO3− leaching under NT, relative to inversion tillage, increased with NT duration from 3 years (31%) to 15 years (54%). This study highlighted that the benefits of NT adoption for mitigating leaching are most likely in long‐term NT cropping systems on high‐SOC soils.
Assessing and improving the transferability of current global spatial prediction models
Authors: Ludwig Marvin , Moreno‐Martinez Alvaro , Hölzel Norbert , Pebesma Edzer , Meyer Hanna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimGlobal‐scale maps of the environment are an important source of information for researchers and decision makers. Often, these maps are created by training machine learning algorithms on field‐sampled reference data using remote sensing information as predictors. Since field samples are often sparse and clustered in geographic space, model prediction requires a transfer of the trained model to regions where no reference data are available. However, recent studies question the feasibility of predictions far beyond the location of training data.InnovationWe propose a novel workflow for spatial predictive mapping that leverages recent developments in this field and combines them in innovative ways with the aim of improved model transferability and performance assessment. We demonstrate, evaluate and discuss the workflow with data from recently published global environmental maps.Main conclusionsReducing predictors to those relevant for spatial prediction leads to an increase of model transferability and map accuracy without a decrease of prediction quality in areas with high sampling density. Still, reliable gap‐free global predictions were not possible, highlighting that global maps and their evaluation are hampered by limited availability of reference data.
The power of story: Understanding gendered dimensions of mobility among Tucson refugees
Authors: Clark Sarah , Myadar Orhon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe paper focuses on the power of a single story to bring the human contexts and circumstances that shape refugees' post‐resettlement lives to the forefront. Through an ethnographic example, the article brings attention to the lived experience of refugees and dismantles gendered tropes that are rooted in Western and white feminist theoretical frameworks. We do so through the prism of mobility‐related challenges that refugees experience after resettlement. By focusing on the narrow topic of mobility, we hope to illuminate the uniqueness of each individual's journey in navigating one's post‐resettlement life in the United States.
Permeability and corrosion resistance of porous SiOC‐bonded SiC ceramics prepared by the preceramic polymer
Authors: Yang Minghui , Zhang Junzhan , Zhang Ying , Sun Wenjing , Shi Zongmo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPorous SiC ceramics have been used in high temperature flue gas filtration fields because of their excellent properties such as high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and long service time. This work reports the porous SiOC‐bonded SiC ceramics prepared at low temperature. The properties of porous SiC ceramics were first investigated with silicone resin content from 10 to 25 wt%, and then the effects of different pore‐forming agent contents on the behaviors of porous SiC ceramics were discussed by adjusting poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA microbeads from 5 to 20 wt%. The prepared porous SiC ceramics showed apparent porosity from 17.3% to 57.7%, compressive strength from 6 to 216 MPa, and Darcy permeability k1 ranging from 7.02 × 10−14 to 1.45 × 10−12 m2. The corrosion behavior of porous SiC ceramics was investigated in acidic and alkaline media. The porous SiC ceramics showed better corrosion resistance in acidic solutions.
Is the clinical performance of internal conical connection better than internal non‐conical connection for implant‐supported restorations? A systematic review with meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rodrigues Vitor Venâncio Moreira , Faé Daniele Sorgatto , Rosa Cleber Davi Del Rei Daltro , Bento Victor Augusto Alves , Lacerda Mariane Floriano Lopes Santos , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza , Lemos Cleidiel Aparecido Araujo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate bone loss, prosthodontics and biological complications, and implant survival rates of internal conical connections (ICC) compared with internal non‐conical connection (INCC) implants.MethodsThe systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021237170). Meta‐analysis was performed using standardized mean difference (SMD) for bone loss and risk ratio (RR) for implant survival and complication rates. Risk of bias analysis was evaluated using RoB 2.0, whereas the GRADE tool was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. A systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and ProQuest databases was performed independently by two reviewers for articles published up to March 2022. The search criteria had no language or publication date restrictions. Handsearching analysis was performed in the reference list of potential articles.ResultsTwelve randomized clinical trials, including 678 patients and 1006 implants (ICC [n = 476]; INCC [n = 530]), were included. Meta‐analysis revealed that ICC demonstrated a lower risk for marginal bone loss (SMD: −0.80 mm; p = 0.004) and prosthodontics complications (RR: 0.16; p = 0.01) than INCC. However, both internal connections demonstrated no significant difference in implant survival rates (RR: 0.54; p = 0.10) and biological complications (RR: 0.90; p = 0.82). The overall risk of bias revealed some concerns and a low risk of bias for most of the included studies. However, the certainty of evidence of outcomes was considered low to moderate.ConclusionICC may be considered a more favorable treatment option than INCC owing to greater preservation of peri‐implant bone tissue and a lower probability of prosthodontics complications. However, well‐conducted studies with long‐term follow‐up are warranted.
Citizens' attitudes towards climate mitigation policies: The role of occupational exposure in EU countries
Authors: De Sario Gabriella , Marin Giovanni , Sacchi Agnese 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate protection is a global public good. The related mitigation policies implemented by a single country could have little effect on climate change issue such that there could be no net gains for society. However, those measures might create winners and losers among individuals. We investigate the citizens' support for different pro‐climate policies in EU countries, by considering the degree of heterogeneity in their attitudes towards climate issues using a cluster analysis. We also exploit the extent to which carbon intensity and green skills requirement of jobs contribute to supporting climate policies. Our results suggest that individuals' occupational exposure does matter: people in emission‐intensive activities tend to be against stringent climate measures, whereas people in jobs that require high levels of green skills are in favour of them.
Microalgae with immunomodulatory effects on fish
Authors: Bahi Abir , Ramos‐Vega Abel , Angulo Carlos , Monreal‐Escalante Elizabeth , Guardiola Francisco A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, microalgal biotechnology has become one of the most valuable sources of functional feed additives. Many microalgae, such as Chlorella sp., Tetraselmis sp., Navicula sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Porphyridium cruentum, Nannochloropsis gaditana, Dunaliella salina, Lobosphaera sp. and Schizochytrium sp., have been considered valuable in fish species as they enhance immunostimulant abilities, resistance against infectious diseases and tolerance to environmental stress. For instance, immunological parameters (i.e., respiratory burst activity, phagocytic capacity and IgM production) and immune‐related gene expression (i.e., proinflammatory cytokines) in fish have been manly analysed, demonstrating modulation upon microalgal administration. Moreover, disease resistance to microbial pathogen challenges has also been evidenced in several studies. In this context, the present literature review aims to assemble and reveal published research about the immunostimulant properties of some microalgae and their compounds in the immune systems of farmed fish species, whether model or new, with a high potential for aquaculture. Overall, it remains unclear how microalgae or their bioactive compounds may induce or modulate signals in the immune systems of fish species; however, the inclusion of different microalgal species in fish feed has improved the immune response and increased survival to stress conditions and infectious challenges.
Role of reactive oxygen species in the modulation of auxin flux and root development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Pasternak Taras , Palme Klaus , Pérez‐Pérez José Manuel 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYReactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in plant biology, acting as important signal transduction molecules and as toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism that accumulate in cells upon exposure to different stressors and lead to cell death. In plants, root architecture is regulated by the distribution and intercellular flow of the phytohormone auxin. In this study, we identified ROS as an important modulator of auxin distribution and response in the root. ROS production is necessary for root growth, proper tissue patterning, cell growth, and lateral root (LR) induction. Alterations in ROS balance led to altered auxin distribution and response in SOD and RHD2 loss‐of‐function mutants. Treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings with additional sources of ROS (hydrogen peroxide) or an ROS production inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium) induced phenocopies of the mutants studied. Simultaneous application of auxin and ROS increased LR primordia induction, and PIN‐FORMED protein immunolocalization further demonstrated the existing link between auxin and ROS in orchestrating cell division and auxin flux during root development. In Arabidopsis roots, genetic alterations in ROS balance led to defective auxin distribution and growth‐related responses in roots. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide alters the establishment of the endogenous auxin gradient in the root meristem through regulation of PIN‐FORMED polarity, while the simultaneous application of hydrogen peroxide and auxin enhanced LR induction in a dose‐ and position‐dependent manner through activation of cell division.
Maintenance and dynamic reprogramming of chromatin organization during development
Authors: Simon Lauriane , Probst Aline V. 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYControlled transcription of genes is critical for cell differentiation and development. Gene expression regulation therefore involves a multilayered control from nucleosome composition in histone variants and their post‐translational modifications to higher‐order folding of chromatin fibers and chromatin interactions in nuclear space. Recent technological advances have allowed gaining insight into these mechanisms, the interplay between local and higher‐order chromatin organization, and the dynamic changes that occur during stress response and developmental transitions. In this review, we will discuss chromatin organization from the nucleosome to its three‐dimensional structure in the nucleus, and consider how these different layers of organization are maintained during the cell cycle or rapidly reprogrammed during development.
Recent Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Flutter Stability of Large-Scale Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Li Shaoning , Caracoglia Luca 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Motivated by the problem of comprehensive stochastic analysis and quantitative risk evaluation associated with classical flutter of large-scale wind turbine blades, the authors proposed and developed an efficient analysis framework, comprising modeling, simulation, and experiments, to examine classical flutter of large-scale wind turbine blades, accounting for several uncertainty sources. Novel aerodynamic and probabilistic theories are employed. A benchmark blade model, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5MW blade, is used for verification and as an application example of the proposed framework. Numerical and experimental results are presented and discussed to demonstrate the successful application of the proposed framework to evaluate wind turbine blade flutter.
Mooring Optimization Using ML Techniques
Authors: Trubat Pau , Herrera Adrián , Molins Climent 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The mooring optimization process for a FOWT is a complex study that involves a large number of simulations. All possible designs of the optimization process should be assessed and the operational and survival constrains verified for acceptance or disregard the solution. These constraints are mainly the design bases of the mooring lines, but also the FOWT operational and survival conditions, which are mooring system dependant as it is the governing component for surge, sway and yaw stiffness. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are used to predict the simulations results by training the model from a set of defined simulations, allowing for a significant reduction of the computational cost of the large number of required simulations. The methodology’s main advantage is the high velocity once the model is trained. However, some uncertainties can arise from the exactness of the predicted values.
The aim of the paper is to design an optimized mooring system for the WindCrete platform for a Gran Canary Island with a 200 m sea depth for ULS. To overcome the difficulties of the optimization process two ML models are developed. The first one, the static ML model, is based on the static response of the mooring system that allows to reduce the solution space of the optimization problem. The second one, the dynamic ML model, is based on the dynamic response of the FOWT and allows to assess the constraints applied to the objective function as penalties. The objective function is defined as the total mass of the mooring system. The variables of the optimization problem are the main line and delta line lengths, the radius to anchor and the chain diameters.
The first ML model is set-up to predict the static mean line tension at rated wind speed, the vertical force on anchor at rated wind speed and the initial Yaw period of the FOWT. These parameters allow to discard a large number of possible solutions that do not fit with the following design bases: the maximum line tension and no vertical force on anchor. Moreover, a maximum yaw natural period threshold is set-up based on design experience. This is needed due to the lack of damping in yaw direction of Spar platforms. The static ML model is used to create an initial sample of feasible solutions to train the dynamic ML model. Also, during the optimization process is used as a classification model to exclude non-feasible solutions to ensure the performance of the second ML model.
The second ML model is based on the dynamic response of the WindCrete platform and the mooring system using OpenFast simulation tool. The model is set-up to predict the maximum line tension, vertical force on anchor, maximum surge position and maximum pitch which are used as constraints parameters to be applied at the optimization function as penalties.
The results show a good approximation of both ML models with a high potential to be applied in determining design load cases, including fatigue assessment in the optimization design process.
Finite Element Design Study of Dynamics in Submarine Power Cables for Offshore Renewable Wind Energy
Authors: Poon Chun Ting , Mullins Connor , Radziunas Lukas , O’Connell Enda , Connolly Aengus , Leen Sean 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The future of energy in Ireland will include significant emphasis on offshore renewable energy due to the country’s excellent marine resources, with a potential 70 GW of ocean energy available within 100 km of the Irish coastline [1]. A key challenge to improving uptake of offshore wind energy is the reliability of power transmission via submarine power cables (SPCs). Dynamic cables associated with floating offshore wind turbines are critical infrastructure that consist of a complex arrangement of sub-components with different functions, including strength, insulation and corrosion resistance. Fretting, wear, and fatigue have been demonstrated as key contributing factors to damage and failure of cable conductors within laboratory testing of SPCs [2]. This paper presents a finite element design study for dynamic power cables based on a systematic model development relating an offshore submarine cable with a representative laboratory test arrangement. Initially a global finite element model is developed to replicate a floating wind turbine with attached dynamic cable via Flexcom [3] and OpenFAST [4] (without fretting fatigue damage) operating in an offshore marine environment. Simplified SPC and multi-strand wire models are developed using Abaqus [5] to understand the localised fretting conditions between individual wires. The results of these models are implemented into a localised and highly detailed frictional contact model, constructed to represent a crossed-cylinder laboratory fretting test arrangement, using results from the global assessment as boundary conditions. The localised finite element analysis (FEA) is used to predict potential fretting fatigue damage. This research aims to develop a systematic methodology for fretting fatigue in SPC copper conductors, helping to identify suitable design aspects (e.g., lay angle, lay direction, wire diameter, and number of layers) for reduction of fretting fatigue damage and extension of cable service life.
Recommendations for Surface Imperfection Surveys for Thin-Walled Metal Wind Turbine Support Towers
Authors: Kathirkamanathan Lijithan , Sadowski Adam , Seidel Marc , Schafer Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A novel international initiative is underway to establish a purely computational database of synthetic buckling resistances on the basis of which the safety margin of metal wind turbine support towers can be calibrated within the Eurocode framework. This initiative has recently demonstrated that existing databases of laboratory-scale destructive buckling tests of cylindrical shell specimens are not an appropriate basis upon which to calibrate safety margins of full-scale civil engineering shells, and asserts that such a database based on laboratory testing alone is realistically unlikely ever to come into existence. A bolder approach based on high-quality nonlinear finite element buckling calculations of models generated with genuinely realistic imperfections obtained from the optical scanning of actual constructed towers is thought to be the only feasible path forward.
By way of preparation for this difficult task, this paper presents a critical appraisal of the extensive surface geometric imperfection surveys of lab-scale cylindrical metal shell specimens reported on by Arbocz and Abramovich, an important reference dataset for modern work of this nature, as well as the results of a series of nonlinear buckling calculations on finite element models constructed to include these imperfections. Differences between the finite element predictions and original test results are inevitably found and an explanation offered. The paper ends with a set of recommendations on the minimum scanning resolution for surface geometric imperfection surveys if they are to hope to yield sufficient information to create finite element models of realistically imperfect wind turbine support towers and other thin-walled metal shell structures.
Glauconite Sand Challenges for US Offshore Wind Development
Authors: Westgate Zack , McMullin Chris , DeGroot Don 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Glauconite sand, otherwise known as ‘greensand’, is a challenging sediment type that can pose significant risks to foundation installation and performance. This is due to its tendency to transform from a stiff, high permeability coarse-grained material to a weak, low permeability fine-grained material due to particle crushing. Glauconite is an iron potassium mica, characteristically green and often found in peloidal form. It forms under reducing conditions within shallow marine depositional environments and has been found in coastal regions of the USA including locations along the Atlantic Continental Shelf associated with offshore wind farm developments. Due to its friable nature, glauconite affects the geotechnical properties of the sediments in which it forms. Geotechnical laboratory tests performed on glauconite sand samples reveal a wide range in particle size gradation and high specific gravity. Intact glauconite sand exhibits high strength, but under moderate disturbance it readily degrades into a clay-like material, increasing plasticity, reducing shear strength, and exhibiting strong thixotropic behavior. Given its tendency to crush, in situ testing with cone penetrometers produces high tip resistance and high sleeve friction, limiting the usefulness of standard soil classification charts. This paper presents an overview of the geological basis for glauconite sand formation, describes its depositional environment and maturation process, and presents results from recent tests performed on glauconite sands from the USA. Implications on pile installation and performance are discussed.