bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning assisted quantum super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Kudyshev Zhaxylyk A. , Sychev Demid , Martin Zachariah , Yesilyurt Omer , Bogdanov Simeon I. , Xu Xiaohui , Chen Pei-Gang , Kildishev Alexander V. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Shalaev Vladimir M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne of the main characteristics of optical imaging systems is spatial resolution, which is restricted by the diffraction limit to approximately half the wavelength of the incident light. Along with the recently developed classical super-resolution techniques, which aim at breaking the diffraction limit in classical systems, there is a class of quantum super-resolution techniques which leverage the non-classical nature of the optical signals radiated by quantum emitters, the so-called antibunching super-resolution microscopy. This approach can ensure a factor of $$\sqrt{n}$$

n

improvement in the spatial resolution by measuring the n -th order autocorrelation function. The main bottleneck of the antibunching super-resolution microscopy is the time-consuming acquisition of multi-photon event histograms. We present a machine learning-assisted approach for the realization of rapid antibunching super-resolution imaging and demonstrate 12 times speed-up compared to conventional, fitting-based autocorrelation measurements. The developed framework paves the way to the practical realization of scalable quantum super-resolution imaging devices that can be compatible with various types of quantum emitters.
Genomic epidemiology offers high resolution estimates of serial intervals for COVID-19
Authors: Stockdale Jessica E. , Susvitasari Kurnia , Tupper Paul , Sobkowiak Benjamin , Mulberry Nicola , Gonçalves da Silva Anders , Watt Anne E. , Sherry Norelle L. , Minko Corinna , Howden Benjamin P. , Lane Courtney R. , Colijn Caroline 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSerial intervals – the time between symptom onset in infector and infectee – are a fundamental quantity in infectious disease control. However, their estimation requires knowledge of individuals’ exposures, typically obtained through resource-intensive contact tracing efforts. We introduce an alternate framework using virus sequences to inform who infected whom and thereby estimate serial intervals. We apply our technique to SARS-CoV-2 sequences from case clusters in the first two COVID-19 waves in Victoria, Australia. We find that our approach offers high resolution, cluster-specific serial interval estimates that are comparable with those obtained from contact data, despite requiring no knowledge of who infected whom and relying on incompletely-sampled data. Compared to a published serial interval, cluster-specific serial intervals can vary estimates of the effective reproduction number by a factor of 2–3. We find that serial interval estimates in settings such as schools and meat processing/packing plants are shorter than those in healthcare facilities.
Concerning the stability of seawater electrolysis: a corrosion mechanism study of halide on Ni-based anode
Authors: Zhang Sixie , Wang Yunan , Li Shuyu , Wang Zhongfeng , Chen Haocheng , Yi Li , Chen Xu , Yang Qihao , Xu Wenwen , Wang Aiying , Lu Zhiyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe corrosive anions (e.g., Cl−) have been recognized as the origins to cause severe corrosion of anode during seawater electrolysis, while in experiments it is found that natural seawater (~0.41 M Cl−) is usually more corrosive than simulated seawater (~0.5 M Cl−). Here we elucidate that besides Cl−, Br− in seawater is even more harmful to Ni-based anodes because of the inferior corrosion resistance and faster corrosion kinetics in bromide than in chloride. Experimental and simulated results reveal that Cl− corrodes locally to form narrow-deep pits while Br− etches extensively to generate shallow-wide pits, which can be attributed to the fast diffusion kinetics of Cl− and the lower reaction energy of Br− in the passivation layer. Additionally, for the Ni-based electrodes with catalysts (e.g., NiFe-LDH) loading on the surface, Br− causes extensive spalling of the catalyst layer, resulting in rapid performance degradation. This work clearly points out that, in addition to anti-Cl− corrosion, designing anti-Br− corrosion anodes is even more crucial for future application of seawater electrolysis.
Polyelectrolyte elastomer-based ionotronic sensors with multi-mode sensing capabilities via multi-material 3D printing
Authors: Li Caicong , Cheng Jianxiang , He Yunfeng , He Xiangnan , Xu Ziyi , Ge Qi , Yang Canhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStretchable ionotronics have drawn increasing attention during the past decade, enabling myriad applications in engineering and biomedicine. However, existing ionotronic sensors suffer from limited sensing capabilities due to simple device structures and poor stability due to the leakage of ingredients. In this study, we rationally design and fabricate a plethora of architected leakage-free ionotronic sensors with multi-mode sensing capabilities, using DLP-based 3D printing and a polyelectrolyte elastomer. We synthesize a photo-polymerizable ionic monomer for the polyelectrolyte elastomer, which is stretchable, transparent, ionically conductive, thermally stable, and leakage-resistant. The printed sensors possess robust interfaces and extraordinary long-term stability. The multi-material 3D printing allows high flexibility in structural design, enabling the sensing of tension, compression, shear, and torsion, with on-demand tailorable sensitivities through elaborate programming of device architectures. Furthermore, we fabricate integrated ionotronic sensors that can perceive different mechanical stimuli simultaneously without mutual signal interferences. We demonstrate a sensing kit consisting of four shear sensors and one compressive sensor, and connect it to a remote-control system that is programmed to wirelessly control the flight of a drone. Multi-material 3D printing of leakage-free polyelectrolyte elastomers paves new avenues for manufacturing stretchable ionotronics by resolving the deficiencies of stability and functionalities simultaneously.
Direct sulfuric acid formation from the gas-phase oxidation of reduced-sulfur compounds
Authors: Berndt Torsten , Hoffmann Erik H. , Tilgner Andreas , Stratmann Frank , Herrmann Hartmut 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSulfuric acid represents a fundamental precursor for new nanometre-sized atmospheric aerosol particles. These particles, after subsequent growth, may influence Earth´s radiative forcing directly, or indirectly through affecting the microphysical and radiative properties of clouds. Currently considered formation routes yielding sulfuric acid in the atmosphere are the gas-phase oxidation of SO2 initiated by OH radicals and by Criegee intermediates, the latter being of little relevance. Here we report the observation of immediate sulfuric acid production from the OH reaction of emitted organic reduced-sulfur compounds, which was speculated about in the literature for decades. Key intermediates are the methylsulfonyl radical, CH3SO2, and, even more interestingly, its corresponding peroxy compound, CH3SO2OO. Results of modelling for pristine marine conditions show that oxidation of reduced-sulfur compounds could be responsible for up to ∼50% of formed gas-phase sulfuric acid in these areas. Our findings provide a more complete understanding of the atmospheric reduced-sulfur oxidation.
Universal radiation tolerant semiconductor
Authors: Azarov Alexander , Fernández Javier García , Zhao Junlei , Djurabekova Flyura , He Huan , He Ru , Prytz Øystein , Vines Lasse , Bektas Umutcan , Chekhonin Paul , Klingner Nico , Hlawacek Gregor , Kuznetsov Andrej 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRadiation tolerance is determined as the ability of crystalline materials to withstand the accumulation of the radiation induced disorder. Nevertheless, for sufficiently high fluences, in all by far known semiconductors it ends up with either very high disorder levels or amorphization. Here we show that gamma/beta (γ/β) double polymorph Ga2O3 structures exhibit remarkably high radiation tolerance. Specifically, for room temperature experiments, they tolerate a disorder equivalent to hundreds of displacements per atom, without severe degradations of crystallinity; in comparison with, e.g., Si amorphizable already with the lattice atoms displaced just once. We explain this behavior by an interesting combination of the Ga- and O- sublattice properties in γ-Ga2O3. In particular, O-sublattice exhibits a strong recrystallization trend to recover the face-centered-cubic stacking despite the stronger displacement of O atoms compared to Ga during the active periods of cascades. Notably, we also explained the origin of the β-to-γ Ga2O3 transformation, as a function of the increased disorder in β-Ga2O3 and studied the phenomena as a function of the chemical nature of the implanted atoms. As a result, we conclude that γ/β double polymorph Ga2O3 structures, in terms of their radiation tolerance properties, benchmark a class of universal radiation tolerant semiconductors.
Imaging the dynamic influence of functional groups on metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Boyang , Chen Xiao , Huang Ning , Liu Shaoxiong , Wang Yu , Lan Xiaocheng , Wei Fei , Wang Tiefeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with different functional groups have wide applications, while the understanding of functionalization influences remains insufficient. Previous researches focused on the static changes in electronic structure or chemical environment, while it is unclear in the aspect of dynamic influence, especially in the direct imaging of dynamic changes after functionalization. Here we use integrated differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (iDPC-STEM) to directly ‘see’ the rotation properties of benzene rings in the linkers of UiO-66, and observe the high correlation between local rigidity and the functional groups on the organic linkers. The rigidity is then correlated to the macroscopic properties of CO2 uptake, indicating that functionalization can change the capability through not only static electronic effects, but also dynamic rotation properties. To the best of our knowledge this is the first example of a technique to directly image the rotation properties of linkers in MOFs, which provides an approach to study the local flexibility and paves the way for potential applications in capturing, separation and molecular machine.
Revealing low-loss dielectric near-field modes of hexagonal boron nitride by photoemission electron microscopy
Authors: Li Yaolong , Jiang Pengzuo , Lyu Xiaying , Li Xiaofang , Qi Huixin , Tang Jinglin , Xue Zhaohang , Yang Hong , Lu Guowei , Sun Quan , Hu Xiaoyong , Gao Yunan , Gong Qihuang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLow-loss dielectric modes are important features and functional bases of fundamental optical components in on-chip optical devices. However, dielectric near-field modes are challenging to reveal with high spatiotemporal resolution and fast direct imaging. Herein, we present a method to address this issue by applying time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy to a low-dimensional wide-bandgap semiconductor, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Taking a low-loss dielectric planar waveguide as a fundamental structure, static vector near-field vortices with different topological charges and the spatiotemporal evolution of waveguide modes are directly revealed. With the lowest-order vortex structure, strong nanofocusing in real space is realized, while near-vertical photoemission in momentum space and narrow spread in energy space are simultaneously observed due to the atomically flat surface of hBN and the small photoemission horizon set by the limited photon energies. Our approach provides a strategy for the realization of flat photoemission emitters.
Access to unsaturated bicyclic lactones by overriding conventional C(sp3)–H site selectivity
Authors: Das Jayabrata , Ali Wajid , Ghosh Animesh , Pal Tanay , Mandal Astam , Teja Chitrala , Dutta Suparna , Pothikumar Rajagopal , Ge Haibo , Zhang Xinglong , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransition metal catalysis plays a pivotal role in transforming unreactive C–H bonds. However, regioselective activation of distal aliphatic C–H bonds poses a tremendous challenge, particularly in the absence of directing templates. Activation of a methylene C–H bond in the presence of methyl C–H is underexplored. Here we show activation of a methylene C–H bond in the presence of methyl C–H bonds to form unsaturated bicyclic lactones. The protocol allows the reversal of the general selectivity in aliphatic C–H bond activation. Computational studies suggest that reversible C–H activation is followed by β-hydride elimination to generate the Pd-coordinated cycloalkene that undergoes stereoselective C–O cyclization, and subsequent β-hydride elimination to provide bicyclic unsaturated lactones. The broad generality of this reaction has been highlighted via dehydrogenative lactonization of mid to macro ring containing acids along with the C–H olefination reaction with olefin and allyl alcohol. The method substantially simplifies the synthesis of important bicyclic lactones that are important features of natural products as well as pharmacoactive molecules.
Geometrical digital twins of the as-built microstructure of three-leaf stone masonry walls with laser scanning
Authors: Saloustros Savvas , Settimi Andrea , Ascencio Andrea Cabriada , Gamerro Julien , Weinand Yves , Beyer Katrin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch on irregular stone masonry walls is hampered by the lack of detailed geometrical models of their internal micro-structure, i.e. the shape and size of each stone and its position within the wall. Without such a geometric digital twin of walls tested in the laboratory, it is difficult to evaluate the accuracy of existing numerical simulation techniques. Here, we describe the generation of geometrical digital twins of three irregular stone masonry walls built in the laboratory. We labelled each stone manually and then obtained the geometry of the individual stones using a portable laser scanning device. With the same device we scanned the wall after the construction of each layer. We then registered the position of each stone in the layer. This paper outlines the methodology for the data acquisition and digital reconstruction and presents the datasets for the walls. The developed geometrical digital twins provide unique information regarding the micro-structure of constructed walls that is key for the development and validation of numerical simulation techniques for stone masonry.
Unraveling the whole genome DNA methylation profile of zebrafish kidney marrow by Oxford Nanopore sequencing
Authors: Liu Xudong , Ni Ying , Wang Dandan , Ye Silin , Yang Mengsu , Sun Xuan , Leung Anskar Yu Hung , Li Runsheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZebrafish is a widely used model organism for investigating human diseases, including hematopoietic disorders. However, a comprehensive methylation baseline for zebrafish primary hematopoietic organ, the kidney marrow (KM), is still lacking. We employed Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing to profile DNA methylation in zebrafish KM by generating four KM datasets, with two groups based on the presence or absence of red blood cells. Our findings revealed that blood contamination in the KM samples reduced read quality and altered methylation patterns. Compared with whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), the ONT-based methylation profiling can cover more CpG sites (92.4% vs 70%–80%), and exhibit less GC bias with more even genomic coverage. And the ONT methylation calling results showed a high correlation with WGBS results when using shared sites. This study establishes a comprehensive methylation profile for zebrafish KM, paving the way for further investigations into epigenetic regulation and the development of targeted therapies for hematopoietic disorders.
High-quality wild barley genome assemblies and annotation with Nanopore long reads and Hi-C sequencing data
Authors: Pan Rui , Hu Haifei , Xiao Yuhui , Xu Le , Xu Yanhao , Ouyang Kai , Li Chengdao , He Tianhua , Zhang Wenying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWild barley, from “Evolution Canyon (EC)” in Mount Carmel, Israel, are ideal models for cereal chromosome evolution studies. Here, the wild barley EC_S1 is from the south slope with higher daily temperatures and drought, while EC_N1 is from the north slope with a cooler climate and higher relative humidity, which results in a differentiated selection due to contrasting environments. We assembled a 5.03 Gb genome with contig N50 of 3.53 Mb for wild barley EC_S1 and a 5.05 Gb genome with contig N50 of 3.45 Mb for EC_N1 using 145 Gb and 160.0 Gb Illumina sequencing data, 295.6 Gb and 285.35 Gb Nanopore sequencing data and 555.1 Gb and 514.5 Gb Hi-C sequencing data, respectively. BUSCOs and CEGMA evaluation suggested highly complete assemblies. Using full-length transcriptome data, we predicted 39,179 and 38,373 high-confidence genes in EC_S1 and EC_N1, in which 93.6% and 95.2% were functionally annotated, respectively. We annotated repetitive elements and non-coding RNAs. These two wild barley genome assemblies will provide a rich gene pool for domesticated barley.
An improved PBFT consensus algorithm based on grouping and credit grading
Authors: Liu Shannan , Zhang Ronghua , Liu Changzheng , Xu Chenxi , Wang Jiaojiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo improve the blockchain consensus algorithm practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) with random master node selection, which has high communication overhead and a small supported network size, this paper proposes a Byzantine fault tolerant consensus algorithm based on credit (CBFT) enhanced with a grouping and credit model. The CBFT algorithm divides the network nodes according to the speed of their response to the management nodes, resulting in different consensus sets, and achieves consensus within and outside the group separately to reduce communication overhead and increase system security. Second, the nodes are divided into different types according to the credit model, each with different responsibilities to reduce the probability that the master node is a malicious node. Experimental results show that the throughput of the CBFT algorithm is 3.1 times that of PBFT and 1.5 times that of GPBFT when the number of nodes is 52. Our scheme has latency that is 7.4% that of PBFT and 38.8% that of GPBFT; CBFT has communication overhead that is 6.4% that of PBFT and 87.3% that of GPBFT. The number of nodes is 300, and the Byzantine fault tolerance is improved by 59.3%. These improvements are clearer with the increase in the number of nodes.
Development of a spore-based mucosal vaccine against the bovine respiratory pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica
Authors: Uddin Muhammed Salah , Guluarte Jose Ortiz , Abbott D. Wade , Inglis G. Douglas , Guan Le Luo , Alexander Trevor W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant health issue in the North American feedlot industry, causing substantial financial losses due to morbidity and mortality. A lack of effective vaccines against BRD pathogens has resulted in antibiotics primarily being used for BRD prevention. The aim of this study was to develop a mucosal vaccine against the BRD pathogen, Mannheimia haemolytica, using Bacillus subtilis spores as an adjuvant. A chimeric protein (MhCP) containing a tandem repeat of neutralizing epitopes from M. haemolytica leukotoxin A (NLKT) and outer membrane protein PlpE was expressed to produce antigen for adsorption to B. subtilis spores. Adsorption was optimized by comparing varying amounts of antigen and spores, as well as different buffer pH and reaction temperatures. Using the optimal adsorption parameters, spore-bound antigen (Spore-MhCP) was prepared and administered to mice via two mucosal routes (intranasal and intragastric), while intramuscular administration of free MhCP and unvaccinated mice were used as positive and negative control treatments, respectively. Intramuscular administration of MhCP elicited the strongest serum IgG response. However, intranasal immunization of Spore-MhCP generated the best secretory IgA-specific response against both PlpE and NLKT in all samples evaluated (bronchoalveolar lavage, saliva, and feces). Since proliferation of M. haemolytica in the respiratory tract is a prerequisite to lung infection, this spore-based vaccine may offer protection in cattle by limiting colonization and subsequent infection, and Spore-MhCP warrants further evaluation in cattle as a mucosal vaccine against M. haemolytica.
Efficacy of microbicidal actives and formulations for inactivation of Lassa virus in suspension
Authors: Cutts Todd A. , Nims Raymond W. , Rubino Joseph R. , McKinney Julie , Kuhn Jens H. , Ijaz M. Khalid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe World Health Organization’s R&D Blueprint list of priority diseases for 2022 includes Lassa fever, signifying the need for research and development in emergency contexts. This disease is caused by the arenavirus Lassa virus (LASV). Being an enveloped virus, LASV should be susceptible to a variety of microbicidal actives, although empirical data to support this expectation are needed. We evaluated the virucidal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, ethanol, a formulated dual quaternary ammonium compound, an accelerated hydrogen peroxide formulation, and a p-chloro-m-xylenol formulation, per ASTM E1052-20, against LASV engineered to express green fluorescent protein (GFP). A 10-μL volume of virus in tripartite soil (bovine serum albumin, tryptone, and mucin) was combined with 50 μL of disinfectant in suspension for 0.5, 1, 5, or 10 min at 20–25 °C. Neutralized test mixtures were quantified by GFP expression to determine log10 reduction. Remaining material was passaged on Vero cells to confirm absence of residual infectious virus. Input virus titers of 6.6–8.0 log10 per assay were completely inactivated by each disinfectant within 1–5 min contact time. The rapid and substantial inactivation of LASV suggests the utility of these microbicides for mitigating spread of infectious virus during Lassa fever outbreaks.
Mapping robust multiscale communities in chromosome contact networks
Authors: Holmgren Anton , Bernenko Dolores , Lizana Ludvig 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo better understand DNA’s 3D folding in cell nuclei, researchers developed chromosome capture methods such as Hi-C that measure the contact frequencies between all DNA segment pairs across the genome. As Hi-C data sets often are massive, it is common to use bioinformatics methods to group DNA segments into 3D regions with correlated contact patterns, such as Topologically associated domains and A/B compartments. Recently, another research direction emerged that treats the Hi-C data as a network of 3D contacts. In this representation, one can use community detection algorithms from complex network theory that group nodes into tightly connected mesoscale communities. However, because Hi-C networks are so densely connected, several node partitions may represent feasible solutions to the community detection problem but are indistinguishable unless including other data. Because this limitation is a fundamental property of the network, this problem persists regardless of the community-finding or data-clustering method. To help remedy this problem, we developed a method that charts the solution landscape of network partitions in Hi-C data from human cells. Our approach allows us to scan seamlessly through the scales of the network and determine regimes where we can expect reliable community structures. We find that some scales are more robust than others and that strong clusters may differ significantly. Our work highlights that finding a robust community structure hinges on thoughtful algorithm design or method cross-evaluation.