bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small-Area Analysis of Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism in Denmark: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Johnsen Søren P. , Jensen Martin , Münster Anna Marie , Frost Lars , Harboe Louise , Poulsen Peter Bo , Albertsen Ida E. , Vinter Nicklas , Grove Erik L. , Larsen Torben B. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives To investigate geographical variation in initiation and extended treatment with anticoagulants and clinical outcomes among patients hospitalized with first-time venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Denmark between 2007 and 2018.
Methods Using nationwide health care registries, we identified all patients with a first-time VTE hospital diagnosis supported by imaging data from 2007 to 2018. Patients were grouped according to residential region (5) and municipality (98) at the time of VTE diagnosis. Cumulative incidence of initiation of and extended (beyond 365 days) anticoagulation treatment as well as clinical outcomes, including recurrent VTE, major bleeding, and all-cause death, were assessed. Sex- and age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) of the outcomes were computed when comparing across individual regions and municipalities. Overall geographic variation was quantified by computing the median RR.
Results We identified 66,840 patients with a first-time VTE hospitalization. A difference in initiation of anticoagulation treatment of more than 20 percentage points between regions was observed (range: 51.9–72.4%, median RR: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.13). Variation was also observed for extended treatment (range: 34.2–46.9%, median RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14). The cumulative incidence of recurrent VTE ranged from 3.6 to 5.3% at 1 year (median RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.15). The difference remained after 5 years, and variation was also observed for major bleeding (median RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03–1.15), whereas it appeared smaller for all-cause mortality (median RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05).
Conclusion Substantial geographical variation in anticoagulation treatment and clinical outcomes occurs in Denmark. These findings indicate a need for initiatives to ensure uniform high-quality care for all VTE patients.
Modelling maximum cyber incident losses of German organisations: an empirical study and modified extreme value distribution approach
Authors: von Skarczinski Bennet , Raschke Mathias , Teuteberg Frank 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCyber incidents are among the most critical business risks for organisations and can lead to large financial losses. However, previous research on loss modelling is based on unassured data sources because the representativeness and completeness of op-risk databases cannot be assured. Moreover, there is a lack of modelling approaches that focus on the tail behaviour and adequately account for extreme losses. In this paper, we introduce a novel ‘tempered’ generalised extreme value (GEV) approach. Based on a stratified random sample of 5000 interviewed German organisations, we model different loss distributions and compare them to our empirical data using graphical analysis and goodness-of-fit tests. We differentiate various subsamples (industry, size, attack type, loss type) and find our modified GEV outperforms other distributions, such as the lognormal and Weibull distributions. Finally, we calculate losses for the German economy, present application examples, derive implications as well as discuss the comparison of loss estimates in the literature.
Positioning of grid points for spanning potential energy surfaces—How much effort is really needed?
Authors: Schneider Moritz , Born Daniel , Kästner Johannes , Rauhut Guntram 
Published: April 2023

The positions of grid points for representing a multidimensional potential energy surface (PES) have a non-negligible impact on its accuracy and the associated computational effort for its generation. Six different positioning schemes were studied for PESs represented by n-mode expansions as needed for the accurate calculation of anharmonic vibrational frequencies by means of vibrational configuration interaction theory. A static approach, which has successfully been used in many applications, and five adaptive schemes based on Gaussian process regression have been investigated with respect to the number of necessary grid points and the accuracy of the fundamental modes for a small set of test molecules. A comparison with a related, more sophisticated, and consistent approach by Christiansen et al. is provided. The impact of the positions of the ab initio grid points is discussed for multilevel PESs, for which the computational effort of the individual electronic structure calculations decreases for increasing orders of the n-mode expansion. As a result of that, the ultimate goal is not the maximal reduction of grid points but rather the computational cost, which is not directly related.
Near-thermo-neutral electron recombination of titanium oxide ions
Authors: Jain Naman , Kálosi Ábel , Nuesslein Felix , Paul Daniel , Wilhelm Patrick , Ard Shaun G. , Grieser Manfred , von Hahn Robert , Heaven Michael C. , Miliordos Evangelos , Maffucci Dominique , Shuman Nicholas S. , Viggiano Albert A. , Wolf Andreas , Novotný Oldřich 
Published: April 2023

While the dissociative recombination (DR) of ground-state molecular ions with low-energy free electrons is generally known to be exothermic, it has been predicted to be endothermic for a class of transition-metal oxide ions. To understand this unusual case, the electron recombination of titanium oxide ions (TiO+) with electrons has been experimentally investigated using the Cryogenic Storage Ring. In its low radiation field, the TiO+ ions relax internally to low rotational excitation (≲100 K). Under controlled collision energies down to ∼2 meV within the merged electron and ion beam configuration, fragment imaging has been applied to determine the kinetic energy released to Ti and O neutral reaction products. Detailed analysis of the fragment imaging data considering the reactant and product excitation channels reveals an endothermicity for the TiO+ dissociative electron recombination of (+4 ± 10) meV. This result improves the accuracy of the energy balance by a factor of 7 compared to that found indirectly from hitherto known molecular properties. Conversely, the present endothermicity yields improved dissociation energy values for D0(TiO) = (6.824 ± 0.010) eV and D0(TiO+) = (6.832 ± 0.010) eV. All thermochemistry values were compared to new coupled-cluster calculations and found to be in good agreement. Moreover, absolute rate coefficients for the electron recombination of rotationally relaxed ions have been measured, yielding an upper limit of 1 × 10−7 cm3 s−1 for typical conditions of cold astrophysical media. Strong variation of the DR rate with the TiO+ internal excitation is predicted. Furthermore, potential energy curves for TiO+ and TiO have been calculated using a multi-reference configuration interaction method to constrain quantum-dynamical paths driving the observed TiO+ electron recombination.
Embryo development and survival in peripubertal ewe lambs
Authors: Juengel Jennifer L. , Quirke Laurel D. , Peers-Adams Jacqui , Johnstone Peter D. , Smith Peter 
Published: April 2023

Context Mating of ewe lambs can increase farm profitability, although uptake is limited by low reproductive success. Reproductive loss to Day 35 of pregnancy in peripubertal ewe lambs is greater than in adult ewes; however, the precise timing of this loss is unknown. Aim We aimed to define more clearly early embryo development and key times of loss in peripubertal ewes. Methods Health and development of embryos from naturally cycling crossbred ewes ~8 months of age were recorded. Following mating across 2 years, ewes were assigned to three groups (n = 80–87 per group): assessed on Day 3 of pregnancy, on Day 14, or between Day 35 and birth. For Day 3 and Day 14 groups, ewes were humanely killed, and embryos were assessed by microscope following recovery from the reproductive tract. Ultrasonography at around Days 35 and 70, and lambing data, were used to assess loss in the third group. Key results By Day 3 of pregnancy, 22.9% of ova released were not present as healthy embryos (P < 0.05). Embryo survival on Day 14 tended (P < 0.10) to decrease further, with 34.0% (±4.5%) of ova released not present as healthy embryos. No decrease was detected between Days 14 and 35, whereas between Day 35 and birth, an additional 6.8% reproductive loss occurred (P < 0.05). Attainment of puberty prior to introduction of the fertile ram did not affect reproductive loss. Structures collected on Day 3 ranged from one cell to 12 cells: 11% (13/120) being one cell; 49% (59/120) two to four cells; and the remainder (48/120) at least five or six cells. Conceptus length at Day 14 ranged from 5.3 to 200.0 mm, with large variation between and within animals; within-ewe variation was 67% of between-ewe variation. Concentration of progesterone at time of collection was associated (P < 0.001) with developmental stage on Day 3, but not Day 14, of pregnancy. Conclusions Reproductive loss in peripubertal ewes primarily occurred prior to Day 14, with much of this loss before Day 3. Implications Improving oocyte and oviduct quality is important to supporting normal fertilisation and early embryo development in peripubertal ewe lambs, thus improving reproductive success.
Generic features of a polymer quantum black hole
Authors: Münch Johannes , Perez Alejandro , Speziale Simone , Viollet Sami 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNon-singular black holes models can be described by modified classical equations motivated by loop quantum gravity. We investigate what happens when the sine function typically used in the modification is replaced by an arbitrary bounded function, a generalization meant to study the effect of ambiguities such as the choice of representation of the holonomy. A number of features can be determined without committing to a specific choice of functions. We find generic singularity resolution. The presence and number of horizons is determined by global features of the function regularizing the angular components of the connection, and the presence and number of bounces by global features of the function regularizing the time component. The trapping or anti-trapping nature of regions inside horizons depends on the relative location with respect to eventual bounces. We use these results to comment on some of the ambiguities of polymer black hole models.
Tuning between composition and nanoparticle size of manganites for self-regulated magnetic hyperthermia applications
Authors: Caraballo-Vivas R J , Santos E C S , Valente-Rodrigues C L , Checca N R , Garcia F 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Self-regulated magnetic hyperthermia is a promising alternative for cancer treatment based on tumor annihilation by heating using appropriate Curie temperature (

T

C

) as an internal temperature controller. We successfully prepared strontium-doped lanthanum manganite nanoparticles (LSMO-x) using the sol-gel method. The

T

C

can be adjusted by modifying both the composition and diameter of the particles, that is, varying the Sr content (0.2

⩽
x
⩽

0.3) and the annealing temperature (600 ∘C, 700 ∘C, and 800 ∘C). Structural, morphological, chemical, and magnetic properties were investigated. The samples exhibit the structure of perovskites with average particle sizes ranging from 17 nm to 27 nm, depending on the annealing temperature. This diameter range ensures that all samples investigated are have negligible remanence at room temperature. Magnetization studies show that

T

C

increases as Sr content and particle size increase, indicating that the

T

C

is governed by both. Thus

T

C

can be adjusted by combining these two parameters for self-regulated magnetic hyperthermia. Magnetic hyperthermia measurements showed that samples with larger particle sizes (

⩾

19 nm) were more efficient in promoting heat, that is, presenting a higher specific absorption rate (SAR), probably due to the adequate balance between the Néel and Brownian relaxations behavior. We figure out that the SAR value is essential for this specific finality, but it should also consider the maximum temperature reached during the hyperthermia essays. Finally, we build up a nanoparticle diameter vs. Sr concentration phase diagram, where the SAR values are displayed, which allows for predicting the best sample for the self-regulated hyperthermia.
A highly sensitive filterless narrowband 4H-SiC photodetector employing a charge narrowing strategy
Authors: Li Menghui , Geng Lulu , Xi Yuying , Hu Kun , Shi Linlin , Wang Wenyan , Tian Yuan , Ji Ting , Mao Kaili , Xu Bingshe , Li Guohui , Lu Hai , Cui Yanxia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors with a wide bandgap have attracted much attention because they can endure harsh environments and high temperatures. SiC photodetectors based on conventional principles usually detect ultraviolet (UV) light without the ability to discriminate wavelength. Here, using the charge narrowing collection principle, we realize a highly sensitive filterless narrowband 4H-SiC photodetector. The 4H-SiC layer is sufficiently thick to facilitate charge collection narrowing of the device’s external quantum efficiency spectrum, inducing a full width at half-maximum of 14.5 nm at the peak wavelength of 355 nm. Thanks to the Fermi level pinning effect, the proposed photodetector can fully eliminate the injection current; thus it works as a photovoltaic type device with a remarkably low dark current. Consequently, the device has a photo-to-dark current ratio as high as 4 × 107, superior to the performance of most reported 4H-SiC UV photodetectors. In addition, the device can detect light signals with a power density as low as 96.8 pW cm−2, more than two orders of magnitude superior to that of the commercial product based on the photodiode principle. Moreover, it can endure high temperatures of 350 °C, demonstrating bright prospects in harsh industrial conditions.
Structure of amorphous materials in the NASICON system Na

1+x

Ti2Si
x
P

3−x

O12
Authors: Mendes Da Silva Rita , Zeidler Anita , Bradtmüller Henrik , Eckert Hellmut , Fischer Henry E , Benmore Chris J , Salmon Philip S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The structure of glasses in the sodium (Na) super-ionic conductor (NASICON) system Na

1
+
x

Ti2Si
x
P

3
−
x

O12 with x = 0.8 and x = 1.0 was explored by combining neutron and high-energy x-ray diffraction with 29Si, 31P and 23Na solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The 29Si magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra reveal that the silica component remains fully polymerized in the form of Si4 units, i.e. the silicon atoms are bound to four bridging oxygen atoms. The 31P{23Na} rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance (REAPDOR) NMR data suggest that the 31P MAS NMR line shape originates from four-coordinated P
n
units, where n = 1, 2 or 3 is the number of bridging oxygen atoms per phosphorus atom. These sites differ in their 31P-23Na dipolar coupling strengths. The results support an intermediate range order scenario of a phosphosilicate mixed network-former glass in which the phosphate groups selectively attract the Na+ modifier ions. Titanium takes a sub-octahedral coordination environment with a mean Ti–O coordination number of 5.17(4) for x = 0.8 and 4.86(4) for x = 1.0. A mismatch between the P–O and Si–O bond lengths of 8% is likely to inhibit the incorporation of silicon into the phosphorus sites of the NASICON crystal structure.
The evaluation of an on-site monitoring program for activity meter quality assurance with exemption-level sources
Authors: Feng Chen-Ju , Wu Chin-Hui , Lin Chin-Hsiung , Yuan Ming-Chen , Lee Shen-Hao , Huang David YC , Lin Jo-Yu , Chen Ying-Fang , Hsu Shih-Ming 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses the feasibility of a monitoring program for the quality assurance status of activity meters. We sent a questionnaire to clinical nuclear medicine departments of medical institutions, requesting information on their activity meters and quality assurance practices. On-site visits were conducted with exemption-level standard sources (Co-57, Cs-137 and Ba-133) for dose calibrators in nuclear medicine departments including physical inspection, accuracy and reproducibility. A method offering a quick check on the detection efficiency of the space dimension inside the activity meters was also introduced. For dose calibrator quality assurance, the daily checks had the highest implementation. However, annual checks and upon acceptance/after a repair check were reduced to 50% and 44%, respectively. The accuracy results of dose calibrators showed that all models exceeded the ±10% criteria with Co-57 and Cs-137 sources. The reproducibility results showed that some models exceeded the ±5% criteria with Co-57 and Cs-137 sources. The appropriate application of exemption-level standard sources considering the uncertainty that affects the measurement is discussed.
Effect of 3D laser point spacing on cement concrete crack width measurement
Authors: Yang Xinyi , Hui Bing , Lu Bin , Yuan Bobo , Li Yang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to examine the reliability of three-dimensional (3D) laser detection technology data density for crack width detection results of cement slabs. Four groups of cement concrete crack elevation data with a laser data density of 0.5–1.5 mm were obtained using an indoor 3D laser detection system, and 3D models were established. The nonlinear least squares method was applied to fit the fracture section, and the crack width was determined by the peak value analysis. The results demonstrate that the lateral spacing of laser points exerts a large impact on the mean and discrete degrees of cement concrete crack width detection results. The laser point spacing is positively correlated with crack identification errors. Insufficient laser accuracy leads to an overestimation of crack severity level and affects the accuracy of pavement damage condition evaluation. High-precision laser equipment exhibits certain reliability for detecting cement concrete crack width above 3 mm. In the actual pavement crack width detection process, the appropriate transverse spacing of laser points can be selected according to different error limit requirements to fulfill the requirements of both detection reliability and data processing efficiency. Suggestions for future research include expanding the experimental conditions, increasing the 3D laser point spacings, and selecting more road lanes and pavement materials to further examine the influential factors of pavement crack width measurement.
Research on detection method of Tubercle Bacilli based on the improved YOLOv5
Authors: Li Yonghong , Zhou Cheng , Zhao Zhiqiang , Li Laquan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the field of medical imaging, the detection method of Tubercle Bacilli based on deep learning can overcome the shortcomings of traditional manual detection methods, such as large subjectivity, large workload, slow detection speed, and reduce the occurrence of false detection or missed detection under specific circumstances. However, due to the small target and complex background of Tubercle Bacilli, the detection results are still not accurate enough. In order to reduce the influence of sputum sample background on Tubercle Bacilli detection and improve the accuracy of the model for Tubercle Bacilli detection, a target detection algorithm YOLOv5-CTS based on YOLOv5 algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm first integrates the CTR3 module at the bottom of Backbone of YOLOv5 network to obtain more high-quality feature information, which brings significant performance improvement to the model; then in the neck and head part, a hybrid model with the improved feature pyramid networks and the added large-scale detection layer is utilized to perform feature fusion and small target detection; finally, the SCYLLA-Intersection over Union loss function is integrated. The experimental results show that YOLOv5-CTS increases the mean average precision to 86.2% compared with the existing target detection algorithms for Tubercle Bacilli, such as Faster R-CNN, SSD and RetinaNet, etc, which shows the effectiveness of this method.
Presence and statistics of a discontinuous potential distribution in the plume of an electric propulsion hollow cathode
Authors: Meng Tianhang , Li Yingting , Ning Zhongxi , Yu Daren 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The extraction voltage of an electric propulsion hollow cathode is mainly deposited in its plume region, and is usually believed to be proportional to the plasma oscillation amplitude. However, this was not the case in some recent results. To understand the reason for this, this study has measured the potential distribution and oscillation amplitude distribution in the plume of a hollow cathode, and checked whether the correlation between the two was affected by changing keeper materials and keeper biases. We found a discontinuous potential rise (‘step region’) in the middle of the plume, the voltage of which occupied over 40% of the total discharge voltage. The step region was sensitive to exterior electron emission, and could shift its location in a ∼18 mm range according to an increase/decrease of oscillation amplitude. However, its voltage remained almost unchanged and, as a result, the total extraction voltage remained constant regardless of amplitude changes. Statistics indicated that the step region was related to electron–electron non-equilibrium, with splitting and recombination between electron energy probability function multi-components, each at different flow states and trapping states. It was suspected that shockwaves and streaming instabilities were involved. Because the step region was accompanied by stronger oscillations and higher ion energies, inclusion of this plasma structure should be necessary to promote cathode test accuracy.
Point-like plasma-limited high-temperature terahertz laser discharge
Authors: Kubarev V V , Gorbachev Ya I , Shevchenko O A , Vodopyanov A V , Sidorov A V , Veselov A P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Various methods for limiting the plasma volume made it possible to produce a continuous point-like high-temperature terahertz discharge at the Novosibirsk free-electron laser (NovoFEL). When a krypton-nitrogen jet was injected into the focus of the NovoFEL radiation, as compressed as possible and having an average power of about 200 W, a spherical plasma with a diameter of 1 mm, temperature of 4–4.5 eV (46 000–52 000 K), and density of 3.5 × 1017 cm−3 was obtained. The ion composition of the plasma is represented mainly by triply and doubly ionized krypton atoms (Kr IV and Kr III). The absolute stability of the plasma, which tends to self-oscillate, is achieved through the use of a special negative optical feedback.