bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of mucin on β-lactoglobulin and lactose interaction
Authors: Yılmaz Hilal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFunctions of mucin, as the major macromolecular component in saliva or gastric fluids, are drawing increasing attention in the context of understanding the oral processing or digestion of dairy foods at the molecular level. This study was designed to investigate the interactions between β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-lactose, mucin-lactose and BLG-lactose-mucin at the molecular level under different temperature and pH conditions using fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with scanning electron microscopes (sem). It is the first study of its kind. There was no lactose-dependent quenching on BLG fluorophore in the range of 0–10 mM lactose concentration. On the contrary, there was a continuous increase in the fluorescence intensity of the BLG protein when the lactose concentration increased, especially at 25°C. BLG-lactose complex became thermally unstable at 37 and 45°C. Moreover, BLG exhibited a pH dependent conformational change and had higher fluorescence intensity at pH 3 than pH 6.8. The fluorescence result was in correspondence with sem images where we observed lactose crystals gathering around and on the BLG molecule, but lactose molecules could not be seen in the presence of mucin. It was anticipated that mucin molecules interacted with BLG-lactose complex via electrostatic attraction and formed an extra protective layer around the BLG molecules to avoid solvent exposure.
Rationality and Presocratic cosmology in Sophocles’ Antigone
Authors: Mackenzie Tom 
Published: March 2023

AbstractScholars have occasionally noted that the Antigone’s abundant images of polar opposition bear resemblance to the fragments of Heraclitus and his doctrine of the ‘unity of opposites’. The present essay develops this comparison and explores its implications for our interpretation of the play, presenting a test case for the value of the Presocratics in the study of Attic tragedy. It argues that Heraclitus’ surviving work provides a valuable resource for elucidating the play’s ‘cosmology’, a term here used in its anthropological sense to refer to presuppositions, rather than explicitly articulated theories, concerning the structure of the universe and humanity’s place within it. This endeavour can affect our understanding of two points of intense interpretative disagreement: the rationality of the central protagonists and the role of polar oppositions in the play. A culturally sensitive evaluation of the characters’ rationality must take account of the rules of the cosmos they inhabit. The polar oppositions hint at a regular and systematic cosmology, but its finer details are ultimately kept obscure to the audience, and only Teiresias displays a substantial understanding of this underlying framework. Heraclitus thus enriches our understanding of the epistemological predicament in which the characters find themselves.
The impact of teachers’ listening habits on how much listening activity is used in music lessons
Authors: Svalina Vesna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study conducted to determine the importance of listening to music in relation to other music activities in teaching music in Croatian primary schools, and whether teachers’ listening habits affect how much listening activity is used in music lessons. The results showed that in the teaching of music at the primary level of education, singing is most often performed and that this activity is the most important for the classroom teachers, while listening to music is second in terms of frequency and importance. Listening to music is more important to teachers who often listen to classical music in their leisure time than teachers who listen to this music occasionally, rarely or not at all. This difference in attitudes is also statistically significant.
Understanding the effects of hand design on embodiment in virtual reality
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Huang Mengjie , Yang Rui , Wang Yiqi , Tang Xiaohang , Han Ji , Liang Hai-Ning 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Understanding user perceptions of interacting with the virtual world is one of the research focuses in recent years, given the rapid proliferation of virtual reality (VR) and driven to establish the metaverse. Users can generate a familiar connection between their bodies and the virtual world by being embodied in virtual hands, and hand representations can induce users’ embodiment in VR. The sense of embodiment represents the cognitive awareness of one's manifestation and includes three subcomponents: the sense of body ownership, agency and self-location. There is insufficient evidence in the literature about the effects of hand designs on the embodiment, especially based on studying its three subcomponents. This study investigates how virtual hand designs with five realism levels influence the three subcomponents of embodiment in VR. This research employs a self-report questionnaire commonly used in the literature to assess embodiment and evaluates agency and self-location by introducing implicit methods (intentional binding and proprioceptive measurement) derived from psychology. Besides, the objective data of eye tracking is used to explore the connection between embodiment and hand designs, and classifying participants’ eye tracking data to help analyze the link between embodiment and user attention. Overall, this research makes a major contribution through a systematic exploration of users’ embodied experience in VR and offers important evidence of the effects of virtual hand designs on body ownership, agency, and self-location, respectively. In addition, this study provides a valuable reference for further investigation of embodiment through implicit and objective methods, and practical design recommendations for virtual hand design in VR applications.
Assessing the trade of Chinese Hwamei Garrulax canorus in the USA
Authors: Nelson S. Sunny , Shepherd Chris R. 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The trade in Asian songbirds is contributing to declining populations of many species in the wild. The Chinese Hwamei Garrulax canorus is a popular songbird endemic to Asia that is traded both domestically and internationally. The songbird trade in the USA, particularly involving Asian songbirds, has not been well studied. We hypothesised that despite Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix II regulations, Chinese Hwamei are traded illegally in the USA. We scrutinised the CITES Trade Database, US seizure and confiscation records, publicly available records, and websites to assess the imports and availability of Chinese Hwamei in the USA. Since the species was first listed in CITES Appendix II in 2000, there have been three reports of Chinese Hwamei imports into the USA, one of which included four live birds, compared with approximately 40 records of illegally imported birds. Online advertisements of Chinese Hwamei for sale show that both wild-caught and captive-bred birds are easily available. We believe this indicates that there is both legal and illegal trade of the species in the USA. Based on these findings we concluded that more research into the songbird trade, and specifically songbird trade in the USA, is warranted. We recommend additional assessments of CITES and non-CITES songbird species and encourage additional species protection when illegal trade is occurring. We also recommend that the relevant authorities in the USA better scrutinise the trade in non-native songbirds and take meaningful action against anyone found unlawfully importing and trading in illegally sourced songbirds. Finally, we recommend that the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species includes international trade as a threat to the Chinese Hwamei in order to raise concern and motivate action for this songbird.
Evolution of surgical repair of intraseptal anomalous left coronary artery with myocardial ischaemia
Authors: Kalustian Alyssa B. , Doan Tam T. , Masand Prakash , Gowda Srinath T. , Eilers Lindsay F. , Reaves-O’Neal Dana L. , Sachdeva Shagun , Qureshi Athar M. , Heinle Jeffrey , Molossi Silvana M. , Binsalamah Ziyad M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground:Anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery with intraseptal course is a rare coronary anomaly associated with an increased risk of myocardial ischaemia. The role and techniques for surgical intervention are evolving, with numerous novel surgical techniques for this challenging anatomy reported in the last 5 years. We report our single-centre experience with surgical repair of intraseptal anomalous left coronary artery in the paediatric population, including clinical presentation, evaluation, and short- to mid-term outcomes.Methods:All patients with coronary anomalies presenting to our institution undergo standardised clinical evaluation. Five patients aged 4 to 17 years underwent surgical intervention for intraseptal anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery between 2012 and 2022. Surgical techniques included coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 1), direct reimplantation with limited supra-arterial myotomy via right ventriculotomy (n = 1), and transconal supra-arterial myotomy with right ventricular outflow tract patch reconstruction (n = 3).Results:All patients had evidence of haemodynamically significant coronary compression, and three had evidence of inducible myocardial ischaemia pre-operatively. There were no deaths or major complications. Median follow-up was 6.1 months (range 3.1–33.4 months). Patients who underwent supra-arterial myotomy (with or without reimplantation) had improved coronary flow and perfusion based on stress imaging and catheterisation data.Conclusions:Surgical approaches to intraseptal anomalous left coronary artery with evidence of myocardial ischaemia continue to evolve, with new techniques demonstrating promising improvement in coronary perfusion. Further studies are warranted to determine long-term outcomes and refine indications for repair.
“Don’t Put Color in Your Hair, Don’t Do This, Don’t Do That”: Canadian Mayors’ Mixed Gender Performance on Social Media
Authors: Sullivan Katherine V. R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough mayors can have important impacts on citizens’ daily lives, local politics remains understudied, especially compared with national and regional politics. This study focuses on Canadian mayors’ digital political gender performance—or self-presentation—on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram and the context in which this gendered performance arises. Overall, results confirm that mayors’ gendered performances are on a continuum rather than binary. Results from a visual content analysis of nine Canadian mayors’ social media accounts show that, broadly speaking, women mayors gravitate toward congruent, mixed gendered performances and avoidance strategies, whereas men mayors also display mixed performance of their gender, while more freely exploring congruent and incongruent approaches to gendered stereotypes. Additionally, semistructured interviews with these mayors show that women mayors still work under added constraints because of their gender, which translates into comments on their appearance, attitude, and lifestyle choices; increased aggression and lack of respect; and a generally greater mental load.
Phase Shifts of the PDO and AMO Alter the Translation Distance of Global Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Wang Licheng , Gu Xihui , Slater Louise J. , Li Jianfeng , Kong Dongdong , Zhang Xiang , Liu Jianyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent decadal changes in tropical cyclone (TC) frequency since the mid‐1990s have been widely reported; however, it is unclear whether there have also been any changes in TC translation distance. Here, we show that long‐term decrease in global TC translation distance during 1975–2020 is caused by an abrupt change point around the year 1997. This change point marks a switch between an increasing translation distance during 1975–1997 and decreasing translation distance during 1998–2020. The shift in TC translation distance is attributed to changes in the distance between the location of TC genesis and land, and the percentage of landfalling TCs to all TCs, which is driven by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phase switch in the mid‐1990s. In the last 20 years, the cool, La Niña‐like sea surface temperatures (SST) during the PDO negative phase and the warm SST pattern during the AMO positive phase have enhanced the genesis potential index and the potential intensity in offshore areas, resulting in greater TC genesis landward. Phase shifts of PDO and AMO modulate environmental conditions, regulating TC genesis location and landfall frequency, and their combined effects on the translation distance of Pacific TCs. The warm SST anomalies during the AMO positive phase enhance these circulation patterns in two possible ways: via the Indian Ocean and the subtropical eastern Pacific relaying effects at a multidecadal timescale. Our findings suggest that the PDO and AMO act as key pacemakers for decadal changes in global TC translation distance.
Interdecadal Shift in Dipole Pattern Precipitation Trends Over the Tibetan Plateau: Roles of Local Vortices
Authors: Li Lun , Zhang Renhe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTrends of precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are characterized by a north‐south dipole pattern, and the role of local mesoscale systems, TP vortices (TPVs), remains ambiguous. This work reports that the north‐south dipole pattern trends in the TPVs‐associated precipitation have experienced an interdecadal shift in the last two decades, that is, increases in northern TP and decreases in southern TP first and then varies opposite trends, which greatly contributes to the similar interdecadal shift in TP precipitation trends. Furthermore, the causes of changes in TPV frequency are explored from the perspective of lower troposphere conditions. We find that the lower‐level winds, that is, zonal winds over the TP and meridional winds across the northwestern TP boundary, are responsible for the regionally different variations in TPV frequency. The variations in Indian Ocean Dipole are suggested to contribute to the changes in lower‐level winds over the TP.
Harmonic Structure of Lower Hybrid Waves Driven by Energetic Ions at 4000 km Altitude: PIC Simulation
Authors: Kotani T. , Toida M. , Moritaka T. , Taguchi S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPast satellite observations in the polar region at about 4,000 km altitude have reported lower hybrid waves (LHWs) and their harmonics, but the excitation mechanism of the harmonic LHWs has not yet been clarified. We perform one‐dimensional, electromagnetic, full particle‐in‐cell simulations by setting parameter values in the ranges observed by the satellite. The results from the two runs, that is, for ωpe/Ωe = 0.1 and 0.2, show that the energetic ions can generate the harmonic LHWs in both cases. However, in the former case, more harmonic LHWs with larger amplitudes are created and stronger background‐ion acceleration is observed. Thus, our present simulations have solved a previously unsolved problem, revealing the possibility that harmonic LHWs are involved in ion acceleration phenomena commonly observed in the polar region, such as ion outflow.
First Observations of CH4 and Spatially Resolved Emission Layers at Jupiter Equator, as Seen by JIRAM/Juno
Authors: Migliorini A. , Dinelli B. M. , Castagnoli C. , Moriconi M. L. , Altieri F. , Atreya S. , Adriani A. , Mura A. , Tosi F. , Moirano A. , Piccioni G. , Grassi D. , Sordini R. , Noschese R. , Cicchetti A. , Bolton S. J. , Sindoni G. , Plainaki C. , Olivieri A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, we present the detection of CH4 and emissions in the equatorial atmosphere of Jupiter as two well‐separated layers located, respectively, at tangent altitudes of about 200 and 500–600 km above the 1‐bar level using the observations of the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM), on board Juno. This provides details of the vertical distribution of retrieving its Volume Mixing Ratio (VMR), concentration, and temperature. The thermal profile obtained from shows a peak of 600–800 K at about 550 km, with lower values than the ones reported in Seiff et al. (1998), https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE01766 above 500 km using VMR and temperature as free parameters and above 650 km when VMR is kept fixed with that model in the retrieval procedure. The observed deviations from the Galileo's profile could potentially point to significant variability in the exospheric temperature with time. We suggest that vertically propagating waves are the most likely explanation for the observed VMR and temperature variations in the JIRAM data. Other possible phenomena could explain the observed evidence, for example, dynamic activity driving chemical species from lower layers toward the upper atmosphere, like the advection‐diffusion processes, or precipitation by soft electrons, although better modeling is required to test these hypothesis. The characterization of CH4 and species, simultaneously observed by JIRAM, offers the opportunity for better constraining atmospheric models of Jupiter at equatorial latitudes.
Photosynthetic Performance of Tidally Flooded Spartina Alterniflora Salt Marshes
Authors: Mao Lishen , Mishra Deepak R. , Hawman Peter A. , Narron Caroline R. , O’Connell Jessica L. , Cotten David L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpartina alterniflora has a distinct flood‐adapted morphology, and its physiological responses are likely to vary with differences in tidal submergence. To understand these responses, we examined the impacts of tidal inundation on the efficiency of Photosystem II (φPSII) photochemistry and leaf‐level photosynthesis at different canopy heights through a combination of in situ chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF), incident photosynthetically active radiation, and tide levels. Our result showed small declines (7%–8.3%) in φPSII for air‐exposed leaves when the bottom canopies were tidally submerged. Submerged leaves produced large reductions (30.3%–41%) in φPSII. Our results suggest that when submerged, PSII reaction centers in S. alterniflora leaves are still active and able to transfer electrons, but only at ∼20% of the typical daily rate. We attribute this reduction in φPSII to the decrease in the fraction of “open” PSII reaction centers (10% of the total) and the stomatal conductance rate caused by the tidal submergence. To our knowledge, this flooding induced leaf‐level reduction of φPSII for S. alterniflora in field settings has not been reported before. Our findings suggest that canopy‐level φPSII is dependent on the proportion of submerged versus emerged leaves and highlight the complexities involved in estimating the photosynthetic efficiency of tidal marshes.
Advecting Superspecies: Efficiently Modeling Transport of Organic Aerosol With a Mass‐Conserving Dimensionality Reduction Method
Authors: Sturm Patrick Obin , Manders Astrid , Janssen Ruud , Segers Arjo , Wexler Anthony S. , Lin Hai Xiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe chemical transport model LOTOS‐EUROS uses a volatility basis set (VBS) approach to represent the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere. Inclusion of the VBS approximately doubles the dimensionality of LOTOS‐EUROS and slows computation of the advection operator by a factor of two. This complexity limits SOA representation in operational forecasts. We develop a mass‐conserving dimensionality reduction method based on matrix factorization to find latent patterns in the VBS tracers that correspond to a smaller set of superspecies. Tracers are reversibly compressed to superspecies before transport, and the superspecies are subsequently decompressed to tracers for process‐based SOA modeling. This physically interpretable data‐driven method conserves the total concentration and phase of the tracers throughout the process. The superspecies approach is implemented in LOTOS‐EUROS and found to accelerate the advection operator by a factor of 1.5–1.8. Concentrations remain numerically stable over model simulation times of 2 weeks, including simulations at higher spatial resolutions than the data‐driven models were trained on. The reversible compression of VBS tracers enables detailed, process‐based SOA representation in LOTOS‐EUROS operational forecasts in a computationally efficient manner. Beyond this case study, the physically consistent data‐driven approach developed in this work enforces conservation laws that are essential to other Earth system modeling applications, and generalizes to other processes where computational benefit can be gained from a two‐way mapping between detailed process variables and their representation in a reduced‐dimensional space.
Ras protein abundance correlates with Ras isoform mutation patterns in cancer
Authors: Hood Fiona E. , Sahraoui Yasmina M. , Jenkins Rosalind E. , Prior Ian A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractActivating mutations of Ras genes are often observed in cancer. The protein products of the three Ras genes are almost identical. However, for reasons that remain unclear, KRAS is far more frequently mutated than the other Ras isoforms in cancer and RASopathies. We have quantified HRAS, NRAS, KRAS4A and KRAS4B protein abundance across a large panel of cell lines and healthy tissues. We observe consistent patterns of KRAS > NRAS»HRAS protein expression in cells that correlate with the rank order of Ras mutation frequencies in cancer. Our data provide support for the model of a sweet-spot of Ras dosage mediating isoform-specific contributions to cancer and development. We suggest that in most cases, being the most abundant Ras isoform correlates with occupying the sweet-spot and that HRAS and NRAS expression is usually insufficient to promote oncogenesis when mutated. However, our results challenge the notion that rare codons mechanistically underpin the predominance of KRAS mutant cancers. Finally, direct measurement of mutant versus wildtype KRAS protein abundance revealed a frequent imbalance that may suggest additional non-gene duplication mechanisms for optimizing oncogenic Ras dosage.