bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Views on minimum unit pricing for alcohol before its introduction among people with alcohol dependence in Scotland: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Hughes Jane , Livingston Wulf , Buykx Penny , Johnston Allan , Little Simon , McCarthy Trevor , McLean Alex , Perkins Andy , Wright Alex , Holmes John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionScotland implemented a minimum price per unit of alcohol (MUP) of £0.50 in May 2018 (1 UK unit = 10 mL/8 g ethanol). Some stakeholders expressed concerns about the policy having potential negative consequences for people with alcohol dependence. This study aimed to investigate anticipated impacts of MUP on people presenting to alcohol treatment services in Scotland before policy implementation.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 21 people with alcohol dependence accessing alcohol treatment services in Scotland between November 2017 and April 2018. Interviews examined respondents' current and anticipated patterns of drinking and spending, effects on their personal life, and their views on potential policy impact. Interview data were thematically analysed using a constant comparison method.ResultsThree key themes were identified: (i) strategies used to manage the cost of alcohol and anticipated responses to MUP; (ii) broader effects of MUP; and (iii) awareness and preparedness for MUP. Respondents expected to be impacted by MUP, particularly those on low incomes and those with more severe dependence symptoms. They anticipated using familiar strategies including borrowing and reprioritising spending to keep alcohol affordable. Some respondents anticipated negative consequences. Respondents were sceptical about the short‐term benefits of MUP for current drinkers but felt it might prevent harm for future generations. Respondents had concerns about the capacity of treatment services to meet support needs.Discussion and conclusionsPeople with alcohol dependence identified immediate concerns alongside potential long‐term benefits of MUP before its introduction. They also had concerns over the preparedness of service providers.
Educational Institutions and Indoctrination
Authors: Martin Christopher 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe concept of indoctrination is typically used to characterize the actions of individual educators. However, it has become increasingly common for citizens to raise concerns about the indoctrinatory effects of institutions such as schools and universities. Are such worries fundamentally misconceived, or might some state of affairs obtain under which it can be rightly said that an educational institution is engaged in indoctrination? In this paper Christopher Martin outlines what the concept of institutional indoctrination could mean. He then uses Jürgen Habermas's discourse theory in order to develop a specific conception of institutional indoctrination: an educational institution indoctrinates when it exercises its authority in order to support the deliberative norm that some belief P ought to be exempt from tests of or challenges to its truth or rightness just because it is belief P. Martin argues that this norm undermines conditions of symmetrical and inclusive public discourse essential to the development of knowledge and understanding among free and equal citizens. That is, institutional indoctrination involves a closing of the public mind.
No evidence for the effect of entrainment's phase on duration reproduction and precision of regular intervals
Authors: Houshmand Chatroudi Amirmahmoud , Yotsumoto Yuko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPerception of time is not always veridical; rather, it is subjected to distortions. One such compelling distortion is that the duration of regularly spaced intervals is often overestimated. One account suggests that excitatory phases of neural entrainment concomitant with such stimuli play a major role. However, assessing the correlation between the power of entrained oscillations and time dilation has yielded inconclusive results. In this study, we evaluated whether phase characteristics of neural oscillations impact time dilation. For this purpose, we entrained 10‐Hz oscillations and experimentally manipulated the presentation of flickers so that they were presented either in‐phase or out‐of‐phase relative to the established rhythm. Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) recordings confirmed that in‐phase and out‐of‐phase flickers had landed on different inhibitory phases of high‐amplitude alpha oscillations. Moreover, to control for confounding factors of expectancy and masking, we created two additional conditions. Results, supplemented by the Bayesian analysis, indicated that the phase of entrained visual alpha oscillation does not differentially affect flicker‐induced time dilation. Repeating the same experiment with regularly spaced auditory stimuli replicated the null findings. Moreover, we found a robust enhancement of precision for the reproduction of flickers relative to static stimuli that were partially supported by entrainment models. We discussed our results within the framework of neural oscillations and time‐perception models, suggesting that inhibitory cycles of visual alpha may have little relevance to the overestimation of regularly spaced intervals. Moreover, based on our findings, we proposed that temporal oscillators, assumed in entrainment models, may act independently of excitatory phases in the brain's lower level sensory areas.
Defining Test‐Score Interpretation, Use, and Claims: Delphi Study for the Validity Argument
Authors: Folger Timothy D. , Bostic Jonathan , Krupa Erin E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractValidity is a fundamental consideration of test development and test evaluation. The purpose of this study is to define and reify three key aspects of validity and validation, namely test‐score interpretation, test‐score use, and the claims supporting interpretation and use. This study employed a Delphi methodology to explore how experts in validity and validation conceptualize test‐score interpretation, use, and claims. Definitions were developed through multiple iterations of data collection and analysis. By clarifying the language used when conducting validation, validation may be more accessible to a broader audience, including but not limited to test developers, test users, and test consumers.
Identification of novel mutations in patients with Diamond‐Blackfan anemia and literature review of RPS10 and RPS26 mutations
Authors: Li Jing , Su Yongfeng , Chen Long , Lin Yani , Ru Kun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionDiamond‐Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by erythroid aplasia, physical malformation, and cancer predisposition. Twenty ribosomal protein genes and three non‐ribosomal protein genes have been identified associated with DBA.MethodsTo investigate the presence of novel mutations and gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease, targeted next‐generation sequencing was performed in 12 patients with clinically suspected DBA. Literatures were retrieved with complete clinical information published in English by November 2022. The clinical features, treatment, and RPS10/RPS26 mutations were analyzed.ResultsAmong the 12 patients, 11 mutations were identified and 5 of them were novel (RPS19, p.W52S; RPS10, p.P106Qfs*11; RPS26, p.R28*; RPL5, p.R35*; RPL11, p.T44Lfs*40). Including 2 patients in this study, 13 patients with RPS10 mutations and 38 patients with RPS26 mutations were reported from 4 and 6 countries, respectively. The incidences of physical malformation in patients with RPS10 and RPS26 mutations (22% and 36%, respectively) were lower than the overall incidence in DBA patients (~50%). Patients with RPS26 mutations had a worse response rate of steroid therapy than RPS10 (47% vs. 87.5%), but preferred RBC transfusions (67% vs. 44%, p = 0.0253).ConclusionOur findings add to the DBA pathogenic variant database and demonstrate the clinical presentations of the DBA patients with RPS10/RPS26 mutations. It shows that next‐generation sequencing is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of genetic diseases such as DBA.
Changing pattern of respiratory virus detections among school‐aged children in a small community – Dane County, Wisconsin, September to December 2022
Authors: Temte Jonathan L. , Goss Maureen , Bell Cristalyne , Barlow Shari , Temte Emily , Bateman Allen , Uzicanin Amra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWidespread school closures and other non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), used to limit the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2, significantly disrupted transmission patterns of seasonal respiratory viruses. As NPIs were relaxed, populations were vulnerable to resurgence. This study within a small community assessed acute respiratory illness among kindergarten through grade 12 students as they returned to public schools from September through December 2022 without masking and distancing requirements. The 277 specimens collected demonstrated a shift from rhinovirus to influenza. With continued circulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 and return of seasonal respiratory viruses, understanding evolving transmission patterns will play an important role in reducing disease burden.
Chewing performance of patients with worn dentition before and after restorations: A scoping review
Authors: Carboncini Fabio , Landi Matteo , Rossit Marco , Saracutu Ovidiu Ionut , Ferrari Marco , Manfredini Daniele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTooth wear is a multifactorial complex process related to the loss of dental tissue, due to chemical or mechanical processes, by abrasion, attrition, erosion. Restorative treatment represents an attempt to rebuild and recreate the lost structure.ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to investigate whether restorative treatment of worn dentition (either with direct or indirect adhesive composite adhesive procedures or with prosthetic techniques) can have an impact on the masticatory performance parameters.MethodsA scoping review was conducted on multiple databases (Pubmed, Medline CENTRAL, ICTRP), following the PRISMA guidelines. Abstracts of research papers were screened for suitability, and full‐text articles were obtained for those who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsOnly one article meet the inclusion criteria of the review. Restorative treatment of worn dentition although have a positive impact on the self‐report ability to chew, has no effect on the masticatory performance test.ConclusionAt the moment, not enough evidence to comment on the actual therapeutic role of restorative treatment on tooth wear is available. Clinicians, before taking any clinical decision, should carefully discuss with patients the needs and expectations of the treatment plan.
Octospy: What Octopus insularis do in their dens
Authors: O'Brien C. E. , Medeiros Sylvia Lima de Souza , Leite Tatiana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOctopus insularis is a benthic octopod from the tropical and subtropical Western Atlantic Ocean that inhabits semi‐permanent “dens” (small crevices) in hard substrate. We used visual surveys to assess den occupancy and remote cameras at den entrances to assess activity patterns of O. insularis of South Caicos (21.5112° N, 71.5190° W) in the Turks and Caicos Islands (May–August, 2020 and July–December, 2021). Dens were occupied for a median of 4 days, but occupancy ranged widely (1 day–2 months), indicating migration between dens at erratic intervals. The two most prevalent behaviors were Away from the Den, time presumably spent mostly foraging, and Quiescence, when the octopus was sleeping or otherwise unreactive. Our data indicate that Octopus insularis is diurnal, with time Away from the Den peaking between mid‐morning (0700–1000) and late afternoon (1600–2000), and with Quiescence peaking at night (2000–0600) and also in the middle of the day (1100–1600), although adherence to this pattern was not strict. High interindividual variation and high within‐individual stability in the proportions of time Away from the Den and Quiescent suggest that individuals of this species vary greatly from each other in their hunting and resting patterns, while also showing high levels of internal consistency for at least a week. These observations will guide future research with this commercially important species, further differentiates O. insularis from congeners, and demonstrate the efficacy of minimally disruptive field techniques in studying behavior.
The influence of soft contact lens material on the corneoscleral profile
Authors: Consejo Alejandra , Roll Vanesa , Roman Denisa M. , Remon Laura 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTo objectively quantify changes in corneoscleral profile, as evaluated by the limbus position and corneoscleral junction (CSJ) angle, as a consequence of wearing different soft contact lens (CL) materials.MethodsTwenty‐two healthy participants wore silicone hydrogel (SiHy, MyDay, CooperVision) and hydrogel (Hy, Biomedics 1 day extra, CooperVision) soft CLs for 8 h per lens in their left eye. In each session, corneoscleral topography was captured before and immediately after CL removal with an Eye Surface Profiler. Previously validated automatic and objective algorithms for limbal position and CSJ angle calculation were applied to 360 semi‐meridians to investigate the effect of short‐term CL wear on corneoscleral topography, globally and by sectors, depending on the soft CL material worn.ResultsShort‐term soft CL wear significantly impacted limbal position (SiHy: 120 ± 97 μm, Hy: 128 ± 85 μm) and CSJ angle (SiHy: 0.57 ± 0.36°, Hy: 0.55 ± 0.40°); all p < 0.05. A statistically significant difference was found between the sectors with regard to limbus position and CSJ angle before CL wear that remained following lens wear (all pairwise comparisons, p < 0.001). Although individual differences were observed, there was no evidence that one material caused more substantial corneoscleral alterations.ConclusionCorneoscleral profile parameters were altered significantly following 8 h of soft CL wear. The observed changes in limbus position and CSJ angle support the importance of participant‐material biocompatibility.
Axillary vein puncture versus cephalic vein cutdown for cardiac implantable electronic device implantation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Vetta Giampaolo , Magnocavallo Michele , Parlavecchio Antonio , Caminiti Rodolfo , Polselli Marco , Sorgente Antonio , Cauti Filippo Maria , Crea Pasquale , Pannone Luigi , Marcon Lorenzo , Savio Armando Lo , Pistelli Lorenzo , Vetta Francesco , Chierchia Gian‐Battista , Rossi Pietro , Bianchi Stefano , Natale Andrea , de Asmundis Carlo , Rocca Domenico G. Della 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionCephalic vein cutdown (CVC) and axillary vein puncture (AVP) are both recommended for transvenous implantation of leads for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Nonetheless, it is still debated which of the two techniques has a better safety and efficacy profile.MethodsWe systematically searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane electronic databases up to September 5, 2022, for studies that evaluated the efficacy and safety of AVP and CVC reporting at least one clinical outcome of interest. The primary endpoints were acute procedural success and overall complications. The effect size was estimated using a random‐effect model as risk ratio (RR) and relative 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsOverall, seven studies were included, which enrolled 1771 and 3067 transvenous leads (65.6% [n = 1162] males, average age 73.4 ± 14.3 years). Compared to CVC, AVP showed a significant increase in the primary endpoint (95.7 % vs. 76.1 %; RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.09–1.40; p = .001) (Figure 1). Total procedural time (mean difference [MD]: −8.25 min; 95% CI: −10.23 to −6.27; p < .0001; I2 = 0%) and venous access time (MD: −6.24 min; 95% CI: −7.01 to −5.47; p < .0001; I2 = 0%) were significantly shorter with AVP compared to CVC. No differences were found between AVP and CVC for incidence overall complications (RR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.28–1.10; p = .09), pneumothorax (RR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.13−4.0; p = .71), lead failure (RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.23–1.48; p = .26), pocket hematoma/bleeding (RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.15–2.23; p = .43), device infection (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.14–6.60; p = .96) and fluoroscopy time (MD: −0.24 min; 95% CI: −0.75 to 0.28; p = .36).ConclusionOur meta‐analysis suggests that AVP may improve procedural success and reduce total procedural time and venous access time compared to CVC.
Left atrial functions in the early period after cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Soysal Ali Ugur , Ozturk Sila , Onder Sukriye Ebru , Atici Adem , Tokdil Hasan , Raimoglu Utku , Gulfidan Asli , Yalman Hakan , Durmaz Eser , Ikitimur Baris , Yalin Kivanc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeIn patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), functional changes are observed in the left atrium (LA) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedure. Although previous studies have investigated the altered mechanical functions of the LA with radiofrequency (RF) ablation, changes in the LA functions in the early period after cryoablation (CB‐2) have not been clearly demonstrated. This study aims to explore the early periodical changes in mechanical functions of the LA in patients with PAF who underwent CB‐2 based ablation through the help of echocardiographic methods which contain Doppler and strain parameters.MethodsConsecutive 77 patients (mean age: 57.5 ± 11.2; 57% men) with PAF underwent CB‐2 were prospectively analyzed. All patients were in sinus rhythm before and after the procedure. The LA dimensions, the LA reservoir strain, the LA atrial contractile strain and the LA conduit strain and left ventricular diastolic function parameters were evaluated by Doppler echocardiography before and 3 months after the procedure.ResultsAcute procedural success was achieved in all cases. No major complications were observed. LA reservoir strain and LA contractile strain showed significant recovery after the procedure. (28.3 ± 12.8 vs. 34.6 ± 13.8, p < .001 and −10.8 ± 7.9 vs. −13.9 ± 9.3, p = .014 respectively). No significant change was demonstrated in other echocardiographic parameters.ConclusionSignificant improvement in mechanical functions may occur even in the early period after cryoballoon ablation in patients with PAF.
Spatial Clustering in Temporal Trends of Female Genital Mutilation Risk: Leveraging Sparse Data in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia
Authors: Weny Kathrin , Silva Romesh , Diop Nafissatou , Snow Rachel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFemale genital mutilation (FGM) is a harmful practice rooted in gender inequality. Its elimination is part of national and international agendas including the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Understanding its geographical evolution is crucial for targeted programming. However, due to sparse data, it is challenging to establish international comparability and statistical reliability. Data on FGM is observed at different points in time and periodicity across countries and in contexts with varying age‐risk patterns, all of which can be a source of inaccurate and biased estimates. We perform an exemplary analysis, drawing on survival and complex survey analysis in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia. This novel approach addresses measurement challenges specific to FGM data and produces an internationally comparable indicator—the probability of not experiencing FGM by age 20. We pinpoint the onset of statistically significant FGM decline at the subnational level from cohorts born in the 1970s until the 1990s. In the same period, we observe no decline in FGM risk across regions clustered around international borders and increasing subnational inequalities within countries. Our methods thus provide crucial insights into the geographical pattern of temporal trends in FGM risk.
Oral 3‐hydroxybuturate ingestion acutely lowers circulating testosterone concentrations in healthy young males
Authors: Svart Mads , Nielsen Mette Mølby , Rittig Nikolaj , Hansen Mette , Møller Niels , Gravholt Claus H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKetone bodies, such as 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3‐OHB), have been frequently used by endurance athletes, such as cyclists, to enhance performance and recovery and are recognized for their health benefits and therapeutic effects for decades. Testosterone is a potent regulator of red blood cell production. Evidence suggests that ketone bodies can increase the production of erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production. Therefore, we investigated whether an acute increase in 3‐OHB levels affects testosterone levels in healthy young men. We studied six healthy, young male participants who fasted overnight and were tested twice: (i) after drinking 37.5 g of Na‐D/L‐3‐OHB dissolved in 500 mL of distilled water (KET), and (ii) after drinking 500 mL of placebo saline water (0.9% NaCl) (CTR). During the KET trial, 3‐OHB levels increased to approximately 2.5 mM. Testosterone levels decreased significantly by 20% during KET compared to 3% during CTR. A simultaneous increase in luteinizing hormone was observed in KET. We observed no changes in other adrenal androgens, such as androstenedione and 11‐keto androgens. In conclusion, an acute increase in 3‐OHB levels decreases testosterone levels. Concomitantly, an increase in luteinizing hormone was observed. This suggests that 3‐OHB may counteract some of the beneficial effects of endurance training. Further studies, involving larger sample sizes and performance outcomes, are required to fully understand this phenomenon.
Perception gap of aged facial appearance; self‐perception is younger than actual status due to angle of viewing
Authors: Ezure Tomonobu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFacial morphology changes with aging, resulting in an aged appearance that is a great matter of concern for people. However, it is not clear whether people perceive their own facial appearance accurately, in part because there are few methods to evaluate this.AimThe aim of this study is firstly to establish an evaluation system for the perception gap of aged facial appearance between the self‐perceived status and the actual status, and then to use this evaluation system to quantify the perception gap and to clarify the mechanism of this gapMethodThirty‐six middle‐aged female volunteers were first asked to rate their facial aging‐related morphology according to a 6‐grade set of photos taken at a 45° angle from the front showing progressive stages of sagging severity, without looking either in a mirror or at photos of themselves (self‐ or “subjective” perception). Then they were shown photos of their face taken at a 45° angle from the front, and asked again to rate their sagging grade based on these photos (“objective” rating). In addition, facial photos taken from several angles from the front to the side were evaluated for sagging severity by trained evaluators.ResultsThis system for analyzing perception gap revealed that the self‐perception of aged appearance was significantly younger than the actual situation in three facial areas, namely the cheek, around the eyes and the facial contour, and the gap corresponded to an age difference of as much as 8 years in middle‐aged females. Trained evaluators found that the severity of sagging judged from photos taken from a frontal direction was significantly less than in photos of the same subject taken from side angles. This suggests that recognition of sagging is more difficult from the front, which is the direction from which people view their own face in daily life. Indeed, viewing photos taken from the side, a rare viewing angle of one's own face, increased the motivation to improve aged appearance in more than 70% of the subjects in a questionnaire survey.ConclusionThe results suggest that people perceive their own facial appearance as less aged than it actually is. The reason for this appears to be that viewing from the front, the usual viewing angle of one's own face in daily life, results in lower perceived sagging severity, likely due to reduced depth perception.