bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of brain state dynamics involved in working memory
Authors: He Ying , Liang Xinyuan , Chen Menglu , Tian Ting , Zeng Yimeng , Liu Jin , Hao Lei , Xu Jiahua , Chen Rui , Wang Yanpei , Gao Jia-Hong , Tan Shuping , Taghia Jalil , He Yong , Tao Sha , Dong Qi , Qin Shaozheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Human functional brain networks are dynamically organized to enable cognitive and behavioral flexibility to meet ever-changing environmental demands. Frontal-parietal network (FPN) and default mode network (DMN) are recognized to play an essential role in executive functions such as working memory. However, little is known about the developmental differences in the brain-state dynamics of these two networks involved in working memory from childhood to adulthood. Here, we implemented Bayesian switching dynamical systems approach to identify brain states of the FPN and DMN during working memory in 69 school-age children and 51 adults. We identified five brain states with rapid transitions, which are characterized by dynamic configurations among FPN and DMN nodes with active and inactive engagement in different task demands. Compared with adults, children exhibited less frequent brain states with the highest activity in FPN nodes dominant to high demand, and its occupancy rate increased with age. Children preferred to attain inactive brain states with low activity in both FPN and DMN nodes. Moreover, children exhibited lower transition probability from low-to-high demand states and such a transition was positively correlated with working memory performance. Notably, higher transition probability from low-to-high demand states was associated with a stronger structural connectivity across FPN and DMN, but with weaker structure–function coupling of these two networks. These findings extend our understanding of how FPN and DMN nodes are dynamically organized into a set of transient brain states to support moment-to-moment information updating during working memory and suggest immature organization of these functional brain networks in childhood, which is constrained by the structural connectivity.
Expressing appreciation is linked to interpersonal closeness and inter-brain coherence, both in person and over Zoom
Authors: Balters Stephanie , Miller Jonas G , Reiss Allan L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Expressing appreciation is essential for establishing interpersonal closeness, but virtual interactions are increasingly common and create social distance. Little is known about the neural and inter-brain correlates of expressing appreciation and the potential effects of virtual videoconferencing on this kind of interaction. Here, we assess inter-brain coherence with functional near-infrared spectroscopy while dyads expressed appreciation to one another. We scanned 36 dyads (72 participants) who interacted in either an in-person or virtual (Zoom®) condition. Participants reported on their subjective experience of interpersonal closeness. As predicted, expressing appreciation increased interpersonal closeness between dyad partners. Relative to 3 other cooperation tasks (i.e. problem-solving task, creative-innovation task, socio-emotional task), we observed increased inter-brain coherence in socio-cognitive areas of the cortex (anterior frontopolar area, inferior frontal gyrus, premotor cortex, middle temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and visual association cortex) during the appreciation task. Increased inter-brain coherence in socio-cognitive areas during the appreciation task was associated with increased interpersonal closeness. These findings support the perspective that expressing appreciation, both in-person and virtually, increases subjective and neural metrics of interpersonal closeness.
The Travails of Urban Planning in India: An Examination of the Planning Law Regime of Bangalore
Authors: Idiculla Mathew 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Though the legal framework of urban planning plays a significant role in determining the nature of urban development, there is limited scholarship on the planning law regimes of different jurisdictions, especially in Asia and the global South. For countries like India, where the rule of law is seen to be weak and implemented arbitrarily, much of academic scholarship has focused on informality in urban planning, and the formal planning process has been relatively ignored. This article attempts to elucidate the planning law regime that operates in India through a close examination of the legal and institutional framework of urban planning in the city of Bangalore. It traces the colonial roots of India’s urban planning system, examines the institutions and processes of planning that operate in Bangalore, highlights the debates around the contents of the master plan, and examines the difficulty of enforcing the plan. This article argues that the fundamental concern with India’s urban planning regime is the disjuncture between the authority to plan and local democratic accountability. Even after the passing of the 74th Constitutional Amendment in 1992, which sought to empower municipalities by vesting them with multiple powers including that of urban planning, the master plan for Bangalore is still not prepared by the elected municipal government but by an unelected parastatal agency controlled by the state government. The article also discusses the concerns regarding the top-down planning process which does not provide adequate avenues for public participation, the static land-use based master plans that do not integrate key sectors of urban development, and the government’s approach of addressing non-enforcement of plans by legalizing violations of planning norms.
Epicosm—a framework for linking online social media in epidemiological cohorts
Authors: Tanner Alastair R , Di Cara Nina H , Maggio Valerio , Thomas Richard , Boyd Andy , Sloan Luke , Al Baghal Tarek , Macleod John , Haworth Claire M A , Davis Oliver S P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Social media represent an unrivalled opportunity for epidemiological cohorts to collect large amounts of high-resolution time course data on mental health. Equally, the high-quality data held by epidemiological cohorts could greatly benefit social media research as a source of ground truth for validating digital phenotyping algorithms. However, there is currently a lack of software for doing this in a secure and acceptable manner. We worked with cohort leaders and participants to co-design an open-source, robust and expandable software framework for gathering social media data in epidemiological cohorts.

Implementation
Epicosm is implemented as a Python framework that is straightforward to deploy and run inside a cohort’s data safe haven.

General features
The software regularly gathers Tweets from a list of accounts and stores them in a database for linking to existing cohort data.

Availability
This open-source software is freely available at [https://dynamicgenetics.github.io/Epicosm/].
No carryover effect of feeding spray dried plasma to weanling pigs in phase 1 on energy and nutrient digestibility in phase 2 were observed
Authors: Bailey Hannah M , Campbell Joy M , Fanelli Natalia S , Stein Hans H 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpray dried plasma (SDP) is commonly used in phase 1 diets for weanling pigs, but it is unknown if SDP affects energy or nutrient digestibility of the subsequent diet. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to test the null-hypothesis that inclusion of SDP in a phase 1 diet fed to weanling pigs will not affect energy or nutrient digestibility of a phase 2 diet without SDP. In experiment 1, 16 newly weaned barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 4.47 ± 0.35 kg were randomly allotted to a phase 1 diet without SDP or a diet including 6% SDP for 14 d. Both diets were fed on an ad libitum basis. All pigs (BW: 6.92 ± 0.42 kg) had a T-cannula surgically inserted in the distal ileum, moved to individual pens, and fed the common phase 2 diet for 10 d with ileal digesta collection on days 9 and 10. In experiments 2, 24 newly weaned barrows (initial BW: 6.60 ± 0.22 kg) were randomly allotted to phase 1 diets without SDP or a diet containing 6% SDP for 20 d. Both diets were provided on an ad libitum basis. All pigs (BW: 9.37 ± 1.40 kg) were then moved to individual metabolism crates and fed the common phase 2 diet for 14 d with the initial 5 d being the adaptation period to the diet followed by 7 d of fecal and urine collection according to the marker-to-marker procedure. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch, crude protein (CP), amino acids (AA), and acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), was determined in experiment 1, and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), insoluble-, soluble-, and total-dietary fiber, Ca, and P, and the retention and biological value of N were determined in experiment 2. The statistical model included diet as fixed effect and block and pig within block as random effects. Results of experiment 1 indicated that the AID of starch, CP, AEE, and AA in phase 2 were not affected by phase 1 treatment. Results of experiment 2 indicated that the ATTD of GE, insoluble-, soluble-, and total-dietary fiber, Ca, and P and N retention and biological value in phase 2 were also not affected by phase 1 treatment. In conclusion, feeding weanling pigs a diet with 6% SDP in phase 1 did not affect the AID or ATTD of energy and nutrients in a phase 2 diet without SDP.
LncRNA HAGLR promotes the proliferation, migration, and neurotrophic factor production of Schwann cells via miR-204/CDK5R1 after sciatic nerve injury
Authors: Xia Lei , Li Peng , Bi Wenchao , Yang Ruize , Zhang Yuelin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury induces motor and sensory defects and has serious impacts on patients’ quality of life. Schwann cells (SCs) are the major glial cells in the peripheral nervous system and play important roles in the repair and regeneration of peripheral nerves. Long noncoding RNA HAGLR has been reported to be highly expressed in neurons and to promote neuronal differentiation but its expression decreases after nerve injury, suggesting that HAGLR may be involved in the process of nerve injury repair. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of HAGLR in neural repair functions of SCs. We found that HAGLR promoted SC proliferation and migration and facilitated the secretion of neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, HAGLR functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate CDK5R1 expression via sponging miR-204. Overexpression of miR-204 or silencing of CDK5R1 partially abolished the promoting effect of HAGLR on SCs. Moreover, overexpression of HAGLR promoted the functional recovery of sciatic nerve crush (SNC) model rats. In summary, HAGLR promoted SC proliferation, migration, neurotrophic factor production, and facilitated functional recovery of SNC rats via miR-204/CDK5R1. Therefore, it may provide a potential therapeutic target for peripheral nerve repair and regeneration.
Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects with right-censored data via causal survival forests
Authors: Cui Yifan , Kosorok Michael R , Sverdrup Erik , Wager Stefan , Zhu Ruoqing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Forest-based methods have recently gained in popularity for non-parametric treatment effect estimation. Building on this line of work, we introduce causal survival forests, which can be used to estimate heterogeneous treatment effects in survival and observational setting where outcomes may be right-censored. Our approach relies on orthogonal estimating equations to robustly adjust for both censoring and selection effects under unconfoundedness. In our experiments, we find our approach to perform well relative to a number of baselines.
Predictors of flare in SLE patients fulfilling lupus low disease activity state: a cohort study of 292 patients with 36-month follow-up
Authors: Cunha Rita N , Saraiva Liliana , Jesus Diogo , Doria Andrea , da Silva José P , Inês Luís S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The treatment target in SLE should be maintained stable by preventing flares. The objectives were to identify predictors of flare in patients attaining lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS), and to assess whether remission with no glucocorticoids is associated with lower risk of flares.

Methods
This was a cohort study of SLE patients followed in a referral centre over 3 years. Baseline was the first visit where each patient attained LLDAS. Flares up to 36 months’ follow-up were identified by three instruments: revised Safety of Estrogen in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment (SELENA) Flare Index (r-SFI), SLEDAI-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and SLE Disease Activity Score (SLE-DAS). Demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters at baseline were evaluated as predictors of flare, with distinct models for each flare instrument, using survival analysis with univariate followed by multivariate Cox regression. Hazard ratios (HR) were determined with 95% CI.

Results
A total of 292 patients fulfilling LLDAS were included. Over follow-up, 28.4%, 24.7% and 13.4% of the patients developed one or more flare, according to r-SFI, SLE-DAS and SLEDAI-2K definitions, respectively. After multivariate analysis, the predictors of SLE-DAS flares were presence of anti-U1-ribonucleoprotein (anti-U1RNP) (HR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.30, 3.59), SLE-DAS score at baseline (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04, 1.54) and immunosuppressants (HR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.43, 4.09). These predictors were equally significant for r-SFI and SLEDAI-2K flares. Remitted patients with no glucocorticoids presented a lower risk of SLE-DAS flares (HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.37, 0.98).

Conclusion
In patients with LLDAS, anti-U1RNP, disease activity scored by SLE-DAS and SLE requiring maintenance immunosuppressants predict higher risk of flare. Remission with no glucocorticoids is associated with lower risk of flares.
Induction failure in granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a nationwide case-control study of risk factors and outcomes
Authors: Sorin Boris , Iudici Michele , Guerry Mary-Jane , Samson Maxime , Bielefeld Philip , Maillet Thibault , Nouvier Mathilde , Karras Alexandre , Meyer Lara , Lavigne Christian , Régent Alexis , Durel Cécile-Audrey , Fabre Marc , Charles Pierre , Raimbourg Quentin , Lanteri Aurélia , Pugnet Grégory , Rivière Frédéric , Pineton de Chambrun Marc , Cacoub Patrice , Le Guenno Guillaume , Jourdain Pierre , Mekinian Arsène , Paule Romain , Dion Jérémie , Legendre Paul , Cohen Pascal , Guillevin Loïc , Puéchal Xavier , Terrier Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
To identify characteristics of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) associated with induction failure, describe salvage therapies and their efficacy.

Methods
We conducted a nationwide retrospective case-control study of GPA with induction failure between 2006 and 2021. Each patient with induction failure was randomly paired to three controls matched for age, sex and induction treatment.

Results
We included 51 patients with GPA and induction failure (29 men and 22 women). At induction therapy, median age was 49 years. Twenty-seven patients received intravenous cyclophosphamide (ivCYC) and 24 rituximab (RTX) as induction therapy. Patients with ivCYC induction failure more frequently had PR3-ANCA (93% vs 70%, P = 0.02), relapsing disease (41% vs 7%, P &lt; 0.001) and orbital mass (15% vs 0%, P &lt; 0.01) compared with controls. Patients with disease progression despite RTX induction therapy more frequently had renal involvement (67% vs 25%, P = 0.02) with renal failure (serum creatinine &gt;100 µmol/l in 42% vs 8%, P = 0.02) compared with controls. After salvage therapy, remission was achieved at 6 months in 35 (69%) patients. The most frequent salvage therapy was switching from ivCYC to RTX (or vice versa), showing an efficacy in 21/29 (72%). Remission was achieved in nine (50%) patients with inappropriate response to ivCYC, while in patients with progression after RTX induction, remission was achieved in four (100%) who received ivCYC (with or without immunomodulatory therapy), but only in three (50%) after adding immunomodulatory therapy alone.

Conclusion
In patients with induction failure, characteristics of GPA, salvage therapies and their efficacy vary according to induction therapy and failure modality.
Communication and Decision-Making Processes: Group-level Determinants of State Performance
Authors: Vilaça Luiz 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Dominant explanations for variation in performance between state organizations focus on macro-level factors, such as political support, and meso-level factors, such as civil service capacity. However, these factors cannot account for why different groups within the same state organization perform better than others. I leverage a comparative analysis of state officials working under particularly challenging circumstances—task forces of prosecutors investigating high-level corruption in Brazil—to develop a framework to explain how small-group communication and decision-making processes affect performance. Drawing on document analysis and 124 original interviews with federal investigators, I argue that, even when we account for macro- and meso-level factors, prosecutors performed better when they cultivated frequent communication and collective decision-making. This study shows the mechanisms through which these processes affect performance: while frequent communication enables group members to generate knowledge connections that help them make unforeseen discoveries, collective decision-making helps build defensive alignment, which allows members to protect the group from external pressures and manage internal tensions.
Direct Costs of Second Aqueous Shunt Implant Versus Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation (The Assists Trial)
Authors: Ma Jack X. , Chuang Alice Z. , Feldman Robert M. , Mansberger Steve L. , Tanna Angelo P. , Blieden Lauren S. , Shoham Daniel , Bell Nicholas P. , Gross Ronald L. , Pasquale Louis R. , Greenfield David S. , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Weinreb Robert N. ,   the ASSISTS Study Group
Published: February 2023

Précis:
The cost of cyclophotocoagulation is less than the cost of a second glaucoma drainage device.

Purpose:
To compare the total direct costs of implantation of a second glaucoma drainage device (SGDD) with transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) for patients with inadequately controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, despite the presence of a preexisting glaucoma drainage device in the ASSISTS clinical trial.

Methods:
We compared the total direct cost per patient, including the initial study procedure, medications, additional procedures, and clinic visits during the study period. The relative costs for each procedure during the 90-day global period and the entire study period were compared. The cost of the procedure, including facility fees and anesthesia costs, were determined using the 2021 Medicare fee schedule. Average wholesale prices for self-administered medications were obtained from AmerisourceBergen.com. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare costs between procedures.

Results:
Forty-two eyes of 42 participants were randomized to SGDD (n=22) or CPC (n=20). One CPC eye was lost to follow-up after initial treatment and was excluded. The mean (±SD, median) duration of follow-up was 17.1 (±12.8, 11.7) months and 20.3 (±11.4, 15.1) months for SGDD and CPC, respectively (P=0.42, 2 sample t test). The mean total direct costs (±SD, median) per patient during the study period were $8790 (±$3421, $6805 for the SGDD group) and $4090 (±$1424, $3566) for the CPC group (P<0.001). Similarly, the global period cost was higher in the SGDD group than in the CPC group [$6173 (±$830, $5861) vs. $2569 (±$652, $2628); P<0.001]. The monthly cost after the 90-day global period was $215 (±$314, $100) for SGDD and $103 (±$74, $86) for CPC (P=0.31). The cost of IOP-lowering medications was not significantly different between groups during the global period (P=0.19) or after the global period (P=0.23).

Conclusion:
The total direct cost in the SGDD group was more than double that in the CPC group, driven largely by the cost of the study procedure. The costs of IOP-lowering medications were not significantly different between groups. When considering treatment options for patients with a failed primary GDD, clinicians should be aware of differences in costs between these treatment strategies.
Three-year multinational clinical study on an aspheric hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens
Authors: Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. , Bhatt Uday , Nanavaty Mayank A. , Roberts Timothy V. , Peterson Rachael , Teus Miguel A. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To present the results of a study investigating the 3-year effectiveness and safety of the Clareon single-piece intraocular lens (IOL).

Setting:
19 multinational sites.

Design:
Prospective multicenter single-arm study.

Methods:
Patients were bilaterally implanted with Clareon IOLs. Assessments included uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, tilt, decentration, applanation tonometry, and fundus examination, including glistenings and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) evaluation. The primary outcomes for effectiveness and safety were evaluated at 1 year and compared with ISO historical safety and performance endpoint (SPE) rates. Patients were followed for up to 3 years after implantation.

Results:
424 eyes of 215 patients were implanted (n = 215 first eye, n = 209 second eye), and 183 patients completed the trial at 3 years (with 364 binocular and 1 monocular patient). At 1 year, the cumulative and persistent adverse event rates were below SPE targets, and 99.5% of eyes achieved a monocular CDVA of ≤0.3 logMAR (vs the SPE target of 92.5%). At 3 years, the mean monocular CDVA was −0.032, with 93.4% (341/365) of eyes achieving a CDVA of 0.1 logMAR or better, 100% of eyes presented with grade 0 glistenings ≤25 MV/mm2, and 92.9% of eyes (394/424) had either no PCO or clinically nonsignificant PCO.

Conclusions:
This study supports the long-term safety and effectiveness of the Clareon IOL. The visual outcomes were excellent and stable over the 3-year study period, PCO rates were very low, and 100% of IOLs had grade 0 glistenings.
Primary Care Consultations Among UK Police Officers and Staff
Authors: Trompeter Nora , Fear Nicola T. , Greenberg Neil , Hotopf Matthew , Irizar Patricia , Wessely Simon , Stevelink Sharon A.M. 
Published: February 2023

Objective
The current study examined links between adverse mental health, job strain, and likelihood and frequency of primary care consultations among police employees.

Methods
We conducted secondary data analysis on the Airwave Health Monitoring Study data (n = 33,730). Measures included self-report data on mental health, job strain, job support, and primary care consultations in the past 12 months. Data were analyzed using a zero-inflated Poisson regression framework.

Results
Findings showed that overall, help seeking was low based on mental health status and job strain. Adverse mental health was associated with more primary care consultations. Police employees with high, active, or passive job strain reported more primary care consultation compared with police employees with low strain.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that more work to reduce stigma of taking the initial step of help seeking would be beneficial.