bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commissioning Test of a New Production Facility for Radioisotope Phosphorus-32 (32P) : Scale-up and Resin Analysis using Dry Distillation Separation Method
Authors: Pratama Chaidir , Nurmanjaya Ahid , Rahman Wira Y , Pujiyanto Anung , Abidin Abidin , Triyatna Fani , Sarmini Endang , Imron Anas Fahmi , Yudhantama Andru Irvanda 
Published: January 2025

Pengujian fasilitas baru untuk memproduksi radioisotop fosfor-32 (32P) harus memenuhi peraturan dan persyaratan yang berlaku. Uji coba komisioning melibatkan tiga tahap: pengujian sistem aliran udara, pengujian sistem distilasi kering, dan pengujian keamanan fasilitas. Fasilitas baru ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas produksi 32P untuk memenuhi permintaan domestik. Proses produksi menggunakan resin kation untuk memisahkan dan memurnikan 32P. Pemilihan resin yang tepat dapat meningkatkan kualitas produk 32P, memastikan bahwa produk tersebut memenuhi persyaratan kemurnian radionuklida dan radiokimia yang lebih besar dari 95%. Bahan baku untuk memproduksi radioisotop adalah sulfur (99,99%) yang diiradiasi di Reaktor Nuklir G.A. Siwabessy dengan daya maksimum 15 MW. Distilasi kering kemudian digunakan untuk memisahkan bahan target sulfur menjadi fosfor-32. Distilat yang dihasilkan menjalani pengujian kontrol kualitas untuk radionuklida dan radiokimia. Penggunan kedua jenis terdiri dari resin AG50-WX8 dari Bio-Rad dan Dowex Chemical yang dilewatkan oleh larutan bulk 32P. Pengaturan kontrol untuk suhu proses distilasi adalah antara 440°C dan 450°C, dan hasil pengukuran pada titik no. 3 adalah 421°C dan 429°C. Total radioaktivitas yang diperoleh dengan target berat 10 gram belerang sebelum menggunakan fasilitas baru adalah 400 hingga 500 mCi, sedangkan setelah revitalisasi fasilitas diperoleh hasil 706,21 mCi. Penggunaan resin untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk 32P dengan membandingkan dua jenis resin. Sebelum menggunakan resin, kemurnian radiokimia adalah 93,76%. Namun, setelah menggunakan resin, kemurniannya meningkat, dengan resin Dowex Chemical mencapai 95,95% dan resin Bio-Rad mencapai 99,99%. Kemurnian radionuklida sebelum dan sesudah melewati resin adalah 99,99%. Fasilitas baru untuk produksi 32P telah beroperasi dengan baik dan memenuhi standar peraturan Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir (BAPETEN) No. 16 tahun 2020 dan Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) No. 23 tahun 2022. Resin yang optimal untuk digunakan dalam proses produksi adalah resin AG50-WX8 dari Bio-Rad, yang dapat meningkatkan kemurnian radiokimia hingga 99,99%.
Surgery for Olecranon Fractures in the Elderly (SOFIE)
Authors: Joshi Mithun A. , Le Michael , Campbell Ryan , Sivakumar Brahman , Limbers John , Harris Ian A. , Symes Michael 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The financial and resource burden of management of olecranon fractures in the elderly is likely to increase with an aging population. There is limited evidence guiding treatment choice in this cohort. This study aimed to determine whether operative treatment of displaced olecranon fractures in elderly patients provides superior 12-month functional outcomes compared to nonoperative treatment.

Methods:
A multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted across 24 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Patients aged ≥75 years presenting with an acute (within 14 days), displaced, closed, isolated olecranon fracture were included. Operative treatment involved reduction and stabilization using tension band wiring or plate fixation. Nonoperative treatment consisted of a sling for comfort and early movement as tolerated. The primary outcome was the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were the DASH score at 3 months and pain, quality of life, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), active elbow range of motion, and complication rate at 3 and 12 months. Data were analyzed based on an intention-to-treat principle, with sensitivity analyses using as-treated groups.

Results:
Sixty participants were randomized, 27 to the operative group (mean age and standard deviation [SD], 83 ± 5.8 years; 22 [81%] females) and 33 to the nonoperative group (mean age, 82 ± 4.5 years; 23 [70%] females), with no significant difference in baseline characteristics. There was no significant difference (mean difference, −6.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −14.9 to 1.8; p = 0.12) in the mean DASH scores at 12 months (the primary outcome) between the operative (12.3 ± 14) and nonoperative (18.9 ± 18) groups. Although active elbow extension was significantly superior in the operative group at 12 months, no other secondary outcome differed significantly between groups at 12 months.

Conclusions:
The study found no significant difference in DASH scores at 12 months between the operative and nonoperative groups. This supports nonoperative treatment as a reasonable option for displaced stable olecranon fractures in elderly patients.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Cooperative Optimization Design Method of Multitrajectory Profile in “Well Factory” for Oil and Gas Development
Authors: Wang Ge , Huang Wenjun , Gao Deli 
Published: January 2025

Summary
A “well factory” refers to the arrangement of multiple or even a large number of similar wells on the same platform and the drilling and completion of these wells with standardized equipment and a similar operational approach. The well factory mode can effectively handle the challenges posed by complex terrains in oceans and mountainous areas and achieve economical and efficient development of oil and gas resources. Conventional studies mainly focus on the optimization of a single trajectory or the sequential optimization of multiple trajectories. However, there is a lack of cooperative optimization of multiple trajectories, making it difficult to obtain better design results for well trajectories of the well factory mode. Owing to the complicated interdependencies among the design variables of each trajectory (such as the kickoff point, target section length, well inclination, azimuth, and buildup rate), traditional methods struggle to directly address the cooperative optimization problem. This problem involves collaboration and interaction between different trajectories to achieve common objectives and enhance the overall optimization effectiveness. This study established a multitrajectory profile cooperative optimization design model with the objective of minimizing the overall drilling footage, trajectory complexity, trajectory similarity, and collision risk. Next, a cooperative coevolution (CC) approach was introduced and combined with a directed artificial bee colony (DABC) algorithm to develop a collaborative update strategy for multitrajectory optimization. Finally, the CC-DABC algorithm was tested, and a case study was conducted using the new design method. The results indicated that the new method could effectively handle multitrajectory profile cooperative optimization design for various well layouts, including single-layer, multilayer, and extremely small well-spacing scenarios. The CC-DABC algorithm significantly outperformed other combined algorithms in terms of optimization effectiveness, robustness, and overall search efficiency and exhibited excellent performance under small well spacing conditions. In the case study, the trajectories optimized with the new method had less drilling footage and smaller trajectory complexity than the original designs. Additionally, the anticollision risk and staggered arrangement of the kickoff points between adjacent wells effectively met the engineering requirements, demonstrating the application potential of this new method.
A Global Assessment of Regional Forest Carbon Leakage
Authors: Daigneault Adam , Sohngen Brent , Belair Ethan , Ellis Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Improved forest management (IFM) practices are recognized as high-impact, low-cost natural climate solutions. Unfortunately, leakage accounting often relies on limited analysis and ad hoc reasoning, leading to integrity concerns and underinvestment in IFM. This study proposes an alternative data-intensive, dynamic economic-ecological modeling approach with global applicability. Results show how leakage varies by IFM project type, location, timeframe, and implementation rate. Critically, we show that widely cited harvest or land leakage measures ignore complex forest dynamics and are a poor proxy for the more meaningful metric, carbon leakage. While harvest leakage is nearly always positive, some project designs can result in beneficial carbon spillovers. The study improves the evidence base for robust leakage quantification in IFM carbon projects, enabling more accurate accounting and ensuring credible climate benefits.
Hydrazone-based Photocages: A Novel Class for Precise Sub-Organelle Visualization and Cargo Release
Authors: Xie Lijun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Photocages are widely investigated for their potential in bioimaging, controlled drug release, and the modulation of cellular processes. Novel universal photoreactive groups (PRGs) can significantly expand the structural diversity of photocages. In this work, we developed a novel class of PRGs based on the classic aldehyde-hydrazone moiety by conjugating several fluorescent aldehydes with various substituted phenylhydrazines. The resulting aldehyde-hydrazone photocages, including five series of new photocages PC, TP, CM, BW and FY, underwent controlled degradation upon exposure to specific light wavelengths of 365-450 nm, releasing corresponding fluorescent aldehydes of pyrene, anthracene, perylene, cinnamaldehyde, and tetraphenylethylene (TPE). Their fluorescent enhancements, redshifts or blueshifts in fluorescence spectra were clearly observed. To further demonstrate the light-controlled feasibility of the synthesized photocages in the field of molecule release and sub-organelle targeting, morpholine-hydrazone based hybrid BW3MP was constructed for sub-organelle lysosome-specific imaging and cargo release of cargo unit MP. The photo-induced cleavage of the C=N bond, visualized in real time through fluorescence change during confocal imaging, demonstrates a high release efficiency of MP (75.5%, BW3MP). Taken together, our work holds significant promise for the advancement of novel drug delivery systems (DDSs).
Iterative variational learning of committor-consistent transition pathways using artificial neural networks
Authors: Chipot Christophe , Megías Alberto , Arredondo Sergio Contreras , Chen Giuseppe , Tang Chenyu , Roux Benoit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This contribution introduces a neural-network-based approach to discover meaningful transition pathways underlying complex biomolecular transformations in coherence with the committor function. The proposed path-committor-consistent artificial neural network (PCCANN) iteratively refines the transition pathway by aligning it to the gradient of the committor. This method addresses the challenges of sampling in molecular dynamics simulations rare events in high-dimensional spaces, which is often limited computationally. Applied to various benchmark potentials and biological processes such as peptide isomerization and protein-model folding, PCCANN successfully reproduces established dynamics and rate constants, while revealing bifurcations and alternate pathways. By enabling precise estimation of transition states and free-energy barriers, this approach provides a robust framework for enhanced-sampling simulations of rare events in complex biomolecular systems.
A new point of care diagnostic for the sensitive and specific diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury using a surface enhanced Raman scattering lateral flow immunoassay (SERS-LFIA)
Authors: Dear James , Sloan-Dennison Sian , Scullion Kathleen , Clark Benjamin , Fineran Paul , Mair Joanne , Laing Stacey , Shand Neil , Rathmell Cicely , Creasey David , Bingemann Dieter , Faircloth Jonathan , Zieg Mark , Weir Christopher , Faulds Karen , Graham Duncan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Paracetamol overdose (POD) is common, with approximately 100,000 cases attending hospital emergency departments in the UK annually. Early treatment with the antidote N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is crucial for patients who are at risk of developing life-threatening acute liver failure. A rapid point-of-care (POC) assay is required to identify high-risk patients with fit-for-purpose sensitivity and specificity to facilitate early targeted NAC treatment. Here we demonstrate that measuring a circulating biomarker, cytokeratin-18 (K18), using a novel POC assay facilitates the rapid and accurate detection of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). To achieve this, a novel in vitro diagnostic medical device was developed to quantitatively detect serum K18. The device combines a Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) with a bespoke handheld Raman Reader (HRR) to produce quantitative surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The accuracy of the novel diagnostic was assessed in 2 performance evaluation studies using a total 199 serum samples from individuals following a POD. The device achieved diagnostic accuracy for DILI with a specificity of 94% and sensitivity of 82%. These data demonstrate that SERS-LFIA can rapidly identify patients who have DILI which potentially allows for individualised treatment pathways.
Altered surface behaviour in earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) under artificial light at night
Authors: Cai Jiaqing , Bennie Jonathan , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Artificial light at night (ALAN) has been spreading rapidly globally, disrupting animal physiology, behaviour, and associated ecosystem processes. However, impacts on soil-dwelling animals that are nocturnally active aboveground remain underexplored. Here, we examined these for the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L., an ecosystem engineer that frequently surfaces at night. We recorded four types of L. terrestris nighttime surface behaviour, including overall surface activity, and three finer categories: risk exploration before surfacing, foraging, and over-surface exploration. One experiment (controlled-temperature-room-based) tested these behavioural responses to seven ALAN levels, whilst another (field-based) investigated whether behavioural responses can consequently affect litter removal and soil respiration. In the controlled-temperature room, compared to darkness, L. terrestris significantly decreased their overall nighttime foraging at ALAN levels of 10 lx and above, with these negative ALAN effect sizes increasing with light intensity. With more risk exploration before surfacing, L. terrestris still showed greatly reduced foraging activity at the 10 lx ALAN level in the field. However, such altered behaviour did not cause clear patterns in either litter removal or soil respiration. Our results confirm that 10 lx ALAN (or potentially lower) is effective in disrupting L. terrestris nighttime surface behaviour, but this may have limited impacts on the short-term C cycling.
Quantifying the amount of carbonate removed in bovine enamel after irradiating with 9.3 micron CO2 laser
Authors: Ramareddy Vijayashankar , Siegel David , Kerbage Charles 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

High power pulsed 9.3 µm CO2 laser irradiation at sub ablative fluences removes carbonate groups in Carbonated Hydroxyapatite (CHA) resulting in formation of pure Hydroxyapatite (HA) which is less soluble in acidic environments. The amount of carbonate removed was quantified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and a theory based on Arrhenius damage integral was applied to obtain activation energy for the laser mediated chemical reaction. We show Activation energy is 70 ± 10 kJ/mol and fluence corresponding to 50% carbonate removed is 0.84 J/cm2.
Urban Green Space Accessibility and its Spatial Relationship with Appearance Parameters, Surface Temperature and Heat Fluxes
Authors: ÜNSAL Ömer , AYATLI Başak , KUZULUGİL Ali Can 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study aims to assess the spatial distribution of urban green areas on a citywide scale, utilizing Moran's Index to analyze spatial correlations within the city center. The results indicate that green spaces are clustered, with a Moran's Index of 0.49 when analyzed by average integration value and 0.36 based on population distribution. Anselin Local Moran's I cluster analysis reveals that 12% of green areas in the Low-Low Cluster are co-located in regions accessed by a smaller population, while 23.3% in the High-High Cluster are located in areas accessed by a larger population. Hot-cold spot analysis determined the optimal fixed distance for urban green space to be 849.83 meters, with 29.4% of green areas having fewer than eight neighboring areas within this distance band. A similar analysis based on street integration identified 1661.15 meters as the ideal fixed distance. Furthermore, the study examines the influence of urban geometry on environmental factors by analyzing the effects of sky, building, and tree view factors (SVF, BVF, TVF) on surface temperature (LST) and heat fluxes (SHF, LHF). Notably, Heydar Aliyev Park exhibited high integration and vegetation-related values but lower LST and accessibility scores.
Nonlinear Seismic Response and Residual Drift Determination Combining Ground Acceleration Data with Recorded Videos
Authors: boroschek Ruben , Yeow Trevor , Kusunoki Koichi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

While we can only instrument a small number of structures with traditional sensors, cities have become surrounded by video cameras that record response of whatever is in their field of view. In this paper we have a proof of concept that if we combine the seismic response data derived from video cameras with input obtained from accelerometers installed at ground level, the linear and nonlinear response of the structure can be estimated. We present an application and validation in a laboratory environment on a plane steel frame under varying shaking amplitudes. Linear and nonlinear responses are monitored using standard acceleration and displacement sensors and later compared with the displacements derived from videos using standard computer vision techniques. No targets were used to track key features in the structure. The comparison of computer vision derived displacements with the traditional sensor data gives excellent results with differences in displacement time histories of less than 1%. Later, the derived computer vision relative to ground displacements are used in parametric input-output system identification to estimate the evolution of the modal parameters as a function of response amplitude. For this case, the synchronized input from an inertial accelerometer is used. The result from this identification process is nearly identical to the ones obtained using the traditional acceleration sensors. To extend its use, double differentiation of the computer vision derived displacement is used to estimate accelerations in a reduced frequency band with practically no difference with acceleration records on the selected band. There are several advantages detected from combining standard sensors and computer vision techniques, like full space definition of possible monitoring points and limiting the distortion of acceleration records due to structural rotations and the possibility to obtain residual displacements. The methodology to obtain reliable displacement is presented together with the determination of varying modal property as a function of shaking intensity and damage level.
Environmental Impacts of Pacific White Shrimp Farming: Insights from Intensive and Chelating-Enhanced Systems
Authors: Santoso Arif Dwi , Shoiful Ahmad , Ihsan Iif Miftahul , Hanif Muhammad , Suharyadi Suharyadi , Admirasari Rahmania , Sani Agam Wira , Setyawan Agus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study evaluates the sustainability of Pacific white shrimp farming in two systems: intensive ponds and marine chelate (CM) ponds, by using a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. The analysis includes pond productivity, bacterial composition, environmental impact categories, and sensitivity analysis, with a focus on identifying improvement opportunities. Intensive ponds exhibited higher productivity due to advanced management practices but incurred significant environmental impacts, particularly in global warming potential and eutrophication, driven by electricity and feed usage. In contrast, CM ponds demonstrated lower productivity but presented more balanced environmental performance, highlighting their potential as sustainable alternatives. Microbiological assessments revealed distinct bacterial profiles between the two systems, with intensive ponds showing higher pathogenic bacterial loads due to nutrient-rich environments. In contrast, CM ponds maintained more stable microbial communities, fostering healthier cultivation conditions. Sensitivity analysis identified electricity and feed inputs as critical variables affecting environmental outcomes, emphasizing the importance of resource efficiency and sustainable feed formulations. Strategic recommendations were developed for stakeholders, including policymakers, researchers, and farmers. Governments are encouraged to promote renewable energy adoption and sustainable feed standards, while shrimp farmers should optimize feed use and improve water management practices. Researchers are directed to explore microbial community dynamics and innovative LCA approaches to improve further aquaculture sustainability. This study contributes to the understanding of environmental trade-offs in vannamei shrimp farming and offers actionable insights for achieving sustainable aquaculture practices. The findings underscore the need for integrative approaches to balance productivity and environmental stewardship, aligning with global sustainability goals.
A Systematic Review of Sustainable Renewable Energy Applications, Procedures, Challenges, and Limitations
Authors: Ferdous Zannatul , Barman Swapan Chandra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study explores the limitations and future pathways for integrating renewable energy solutions, focusing on technical, economic, and environmental challenges. The primary objective is to identify barriers to renewable energy adoption, including energy storage inefficiencies, high initial costs, and environmental impacts, and propose recommendations to overcome them. Using a systematic literature review approach, the study employed keyword searching across academic databases with terms such as renewable energy limitations, energy storage technologies, and policy incentives. We had selected studies from 2020-2024 that focused on renewable energy challenges and solutions, while excluding articles unrelated to energy storage, economic factors, or policy recommendations.
The findings reveal that 60% of projects cite energy storage limitations, 70% highlight economic barriers, and 40% note environmental concerns due to the disposal of renewable energy materials. Lithium-ion batteries dominate energy storage but suffer from high costs and limited lifespans, while the high upfront investment remains a key economic hurdle, particularly in low-income regions. Environmental issues, such as harmful material disposal and fluctuating raw material prices, further hinder adoption.
The study acknowledges limitations, including reliance on secondary data and the focus on specific renewable technologies, which may not capture the full spectrum of regional variations. Despite these constraints, the findings emphasize the need for advanced storage technologies like hydrogen and thermal systems, subsidies to reduce costs, and enhanced recycling methods to mitigate environmental impacts.
Key recommendations include strengthening policy frameworks to incentivize green technology investments, fostering public-private partnerships for innovation, and advancing circular economy practices to promote sustainability. Addressing these challenges is critical for ensuring the global transition to renewable energy systems that are both efficient and sustainable.