bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Copper Intake and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zeng Zhaohao , Cen Yanmei , Xiong Lijiao , Hong Guo , Luo Yu , Luo Xiaoguang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCopper is an essential trace element for the human body. The epidemiological evidence for the association of dietary intake of copper with the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is limited. We conducted an evaluation of the cross-sectional data gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys spanning from 2007 to 2018, which comprised a total of 17,948 participants. To discern the distinct characteristics of the participants, we performed a univariate analysis and utilized a 1:2 ratio propensity score matching method to minimize the effects of selection bias. We employed weighted univariate as well as three multivariate logistic regression models both prior to and following matching, with the aim of examining the association between dietary copper intake and PD risk. Finally, we used the restricted cubic spline (RCS) methodology in order to investigate possible non-linear relationships. Furthermore, subgroup analysis was undertaken to elicit further understanding concerning the association between copper intake and PD. A negative correlation resulted between dietary copper intake and PD risk in both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, prior to and following matching. Our findings demonstrate that there is a nonlinear, dose-dependent relationship between copper intake and PD, according to our RCS analysis. In subgroup analysis, copper intake was identified as an important protective factor for individuals who were non-Hispanic White, unmarried, and had completed higher education. Dietary copper intake was associated with the risk of PD. Supplementation of dietary copper may have potentially beneficial effects.
Experimental study and analysis of an air-cooled condenser with the fouling on the heat exchange surface for small-scale commercial refrigeration systems
Authors: Morozyuk Larisa , Sokolovska-Yefymenko Viktoriia , Moshkatiuk Andrii , Ierin Volodymyr , Basov Anatolii 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study aimed at improving the efficiency of commercial refrigeration systems and taking into account the external negative impact on heat transfer and aerodynamics of an air-cooled condenser. The issues of the impact of solid fouling on the outer heat transfer surface of the air-cooled condenser as a factor that worsens its energy efficiency and operational reliability have been studied. A small-scale commercial refrigeration machine has been used for carrying out the study. To create external real conditions in the experimental bench, a climatic chamber and a thermostatic chamber are provided. Three types of solid fouling have been used: dust, fluff, and sand. The fouling has been collected from real operating air-cooled condensers which are identical to the experimental heat exchanger. The experimental study has been carried out with a variable mass of fouling, which made it possible to simulate various real operating conditions for the air-cooled condenser. As a result of the experiment, it has been found that out of a set of fouling roadsides, the dust has the greatest negative impact on the characteristics of the refrigeration machine as a whole, and sand has the greatest negative effect on the internal characteristics of the air-cooled condenser. Recommendations are made to determine the moment of cleaning the surface of the air-cooled condenser based on energy-saving parameters. It is proposed to fix the moment of cleaning using computer software using the permissible air mass velocity as a key parameter and the refrigeration machine operation interval under this condition.
Ratemaking in a changing environment
Authors: Okine A. Nii-Armah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn pricing insurance contracts based on the individual policyholder’s aggregate losses for non-life insurers, the literature has mainly focused on using detailed information from policies and closed claims. However, the information on open claims can reflect shifts in the distribution of the expected claim payments better than closed claims. Such shifts may be needed to be reflected in the ratemaking process earlier rather than later, especially when insurers are experiencing environmental changes. In practice, actuaries use ad hoc techniques to adjust data to current levels to determine premiums. This paper presents an intuitive ratemaking model, employing a marked Poisson process framework, which ensures that the multivariate risk analysis is done more routinely using all reported claims and makes an adjustment for Incurred But Not Reported claims. Utilizing data from the Wisconsin Local Government Property Insurance Fund, we find that by determining rates based on current data, the proposed ratemaking model leads to better alignment of premiums and provides insurers with a more financially sound portfolio.
The Significance of Conscience in Community: Rethinking the ‘Hands Off Religion’ Doctrine
Authors: Schlesinger Chagai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhen evaluating religious accommodation claims, courts refrain from examining the relationship between the specific claim and the common religious practice of the relevant religion. This paper rethinks this doctrine. I argue that it stems from understanding religious accommodation as a protection of conscience. This idea itself suffers from conceptual and practical challenges, which can be mitigated if we understand religion as a communal function of conscientious actions. The communal aspect bears practical and moral significance, and I explore three dimensions of it: the epistemic implications; its effect on constituting moral obligations toward others; and its importance as part of one’s culture. A communal-conscientious approach to religion can mitigate many challenges that confront conscience accommodation. This suggests that the relationship between the individual’s claim and their communal practice is crucial and should be evaluated by courts. I conclude by outlining the main considerations for creating a new, nuanced doctrine.
We know what stops you from thinking forever: A metacognitive perspective
Authors: Ackerman Rakefet , Morsanyi Kinga 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This commentary addresses omissions in De Neys's model of fast-and-slow thinking from a metacognitive perspective. We review well-established meta-reasoning monitoring (e.g., confidence) and control processes (e.g., rethinking) that explain mental effort regulation. Moreover, we point to individual, developmental, and task design considerations that affect this regulation. These core issues are completely ignored or mentioned in passing in the target article.
Why Do People Use Informal Justice? Experimental Evidence from Kosovo
Authors: Krakowski Krzysztof , Kursani Shpend 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhy do some people resolve disputes through the state, while others use religious or customary justice? We address this question by conducting a vignette experiment in Kosovo. We design hypothetical situations in which fictitious characters are involved in disputes regarding inheritance, debt, domestic violence, and murder. We vary information concerning (i) vignette characters’ resources, (ii) their beliefs about the efficiency of state justice, and (iii) dispute settlement customs in the characters’ communities. Survey respondents assess whether a vignette character is likely to seek informal justice, given the described circumstances. We find that respondents associate informal justice with characters who believe that the state would resolve their disputes very slowly, and whose other community members would not use state justice. These findings generalize to respondents’ own justice preferences and patterns of actual informal dispute settlement in Kosovo and beyond. Our article highlights efficiency concerns and local conventions as explanations of informal justice.
The association between growth differentiation factor-15, erythroferrone, and iron status in thalassemic patients
Authors: Youssry Ilham , Samy Rania M. , AbdelMohsen Mohamed , Salama Niveen M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Iron overload can result in grave consequences in thalassemic patients, despite the availability of iron chelators. Therefore, alternative pathways aiming to reduce iron toxicity are currently investigated. Among which, reduction of iron absorption through control of hepcidin production appears to be promising. In this study, we investigated growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) and erythroferrone (ERFE) as potential suppressors of hepcidin.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 thalassemic patients and 60 healthy controls. The frequency of GDF15 gene polymorphism (rs4808793) (-3148C/G), serum level of GDF15 and erythroferrone were measured and correlated with those of hepcidin and serum ferritin.

Results
The presence of GDF15 gene mutations were significantly higher in the patients’ group compared to controls (P value 0.035). Also, thalassemia patients had significantly higher levels of GDF15 and ERFE and lower hepcidin levels than controls (P value < 0.001). Serum hepcidin level showed significantly negative correlations with GDF15, ERFE, reticulocyte count, LDH level, and serum ferritin. Contrarily, it had highly significant positive correlation with hemoglobin.

Conclusions
High level of GDF15 and/or ERFE may inhibit hepcidin production and increase iron load in patients with thalassemia; therefore, medications that suppress their actions may provide new therapeutic potentials for iron toxicity.

Impact

Iron overload continues to be a major contributor to high morbidity and mortality in patients with thalassemia.

New strategies together with proper chelation, need to be developed to minimize the effect of iron toxicity.

Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) and erythroferrone (ERFE) inhibit hepcidin production and increase iron levels in conditions with ineffective erythropoiesis.

Medications that suppress the production or interfere with the action of GDF15 or ERFE may represent new therapeutic potentials for iron toxicity.

Prevention of iron toxicity will significantly reduce morbidity and mortality and improve the quality of life of thalassemia patients.
Nutritional redundancy in the human diet and its application in phenotype association studies
Authors: Wang Xu-Wen , Hu Yang , Menichetti Giulia , Grodstein Francine , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. , Sun Qi , Zhang Xuehong , Hu Frank B. , Weiss Scott T. , Liu Yang-Yu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStudying human dietary intake may help us identify effective measures to treat or prevent many chronic diseases whose natural histories are influenced by nutritional factors. Here, by examining five cohorts with dietary intake data collected on different time scales, we show that the food intake profile varies substantially across individuals and over time, while the nutritional intake profile appears fairly stable. We refer to this phenomenon as ‘nutritional redundancy’ and attribute it to the nested structure of the food-nutrient network. This network enables us to quantify the level of nutritional redundancy for each diet assessment of any individual. Interestingly, this nutritional redundancy measure does not strongly correlate with any classical healthy diet scores, but its performance in predicting healthy aging shows comparable strength. Moreover, after adjusting for age, we find that a high nutritional redundancy is associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in adults with diabetes in China
Authors: Hou Xuhong , Wang Limin , Zhu Dalong , Guo Lixin , Weng Jianping , Zhang Mei , Zhou Zhiguang , Zou Dajin , Ji Qiuhe , Guo Xiaohui , Wu Qiang , Chen Siyu , Yu Rong , Chen Hongli , Huang Zhengjing , Zhang Xiao , Wu Jiarui , Wu Jing , Jia Weiping ,   for the China National Diabetic Chronic Complications (DiaChronic) Study Group
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe current epidemic status of diabetic retinopathy in China is unclear. A national prevalence survey of diabetic complications was conducted. 50,564 participants with gradable non-mydriatic fundus photographs were enrolled. The prevalence rates (95% confidence intervals) of diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy were 16.3% (15.3%–17.2%) and 3.2% (2.9%–3.5%), significantly higher in the northern than in the southern regions. The differences in prevalence between those who had not attained a given metabolic goal and those who had were more pronounced for Hemoglobin A1c than for blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The participants with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy had significantly higher proportions of visual impairment and blindness than those with non-vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy. The likelihoods of diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy were also associated with education levels, household income, and multiple dietary intakes. Here, we show multi-level factors associated with the presence and the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
Detecting shortcut learning for fair medical AI using shortcut testing
Authors: Brown Alexander , Tomasev Nenad , Freyberg Jan , Liu Yuan , Karthikesalingam Alan , Schrouff Jessica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMachine learning (ML) holds great promise for improving healthcare, but it is critical to ensure that its use will not propagate or amplify health disparities. An important step is to characterize the (un)fairness of ML models—their tendency to perform differently across subgroups of the population—and to understand its underlying mechanisms. One potential driver of algorithmic unfairness, shortcut learning, arises when ML models base predictions on improper correlations in the training data. Diagnosing this phenomenon is difficult as sensitive attributes may be causally linked with disease. Using multitask learning, we propose a method to directly test for the presence of shortcut learning in clinical ML systems and demonstrate its application to clinical tasks in radiology and dermatology. Finally, our approach reveals instances when shortcutting is not responsible for unfairness, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to fairness mitigation in medical AI.
CellSighter: a neural network to classify cells in highly multiplexed images
Authors: Amitay Yael , Bussi Yuval , Feinstein Ben , Bagon Shai , Milo Idan , Keren Leeat 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultiplexed imaging enables measurement of multiple proteins in situ, offering an unprecedented opportunity to chart various cell types and states in tissues. However, cell classification, the task of identifying the type of individual cells, remains challenging, labor-intensive, and limiting to throughput. Here, we present CellSighter, a deep-learning based pipeline to accelerate cell classification in multiplexed images. Given a small training set of expert-labeled images, CellSighter outputs the label probabilities for all cells in new images. CellSighter achieves over 80% accuracy for major cell types across imaging platforms, which approaches inter-observer concordance. Ablation studies and simulations show that CellSighter is able to generalize its training data and learn features of protein expression levels, as well as spatial features such as subcellular expression patterns. CellSighter’s design reduces overfitting, and it can be trained with only thousands or even hundreds of labeled examples. CellSighter also outputs a prediction confidence, allowing downstream experts control over the results. Altogether, CellSighter drastically reduces hands-on time for cell classification in multiplexed images, while improving accuracy and consistency across datasets.
Models of Classical Cadence Perception
Authors: Duane Ben 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the nature of cadence perception through the lens of computational models trained on various corpora. It constructs various computational models of cadence perception that extract from the musical surface a set of features reflecting information that a human listener could also be expected to apprehend. These features are then provided to a classifier that attempts to identify cadences based on the features. These can be interpreted as simulations of human cadence perception. Later, the author describes results from such simulation trials in which cadences are identified using various musical features, including linear patterns in the melody and bass, information content of individual notes, and harmonic functions inferred from scale-degree counts.
Ethical Evaluation of Research Risks and Potential Benefits
Authors: Rid Annette 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A reasonable risk-benefit profile is a key ethical requirement for research with human participants. In this chapter, the author provides a critical overview of how the content of this requirement has been specified in the context of clinical research. After clarifying basic concepts, the author presents and evaluates three systematic ethical frameworks for risk-benefit evaluations and argues that the “net risks” framework is superior to the existing alternatives. The author then highlights open questions about all of these frameworks that could make a practical difference in how research risks and potential benefits are being evaluated. The author closes by exploring briefly to what extent the existing literature on the reasonable risk-benefit requirement in clinical research can inform discussions about this requirement in other research involving human participants, notably social scientific research.
The Ukrainian Underground
Authors: Hundorova Tamara 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a broad panorama of Ukrainian underground culture from the 1960s to the Perestroika period (late 1980s–early 1990s), focusing predominantly on literature but also including visual art and music. Several generations of Ukrainian nonconformists (the Sixtiers, the generation of the Seventies) and diverse cultural locales (Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv) overlap with the spectrum of artistic strategies shaping a multi-dimensional typology of Ukrainian catacomb culture. This chapter highlights such trends/circles as the dissident underground of the Sixtiers, with its focus on national revival and protest against political repressions; the hermetic art of the “displaced generation” (post-Sixtiers, or the Kyiv School of Poetry), including their contacts with the New York circle of Ukrainian poets; the Lviv underground embracing modernist poets and prose-writers (authors of the self-published magazine Skrynia) in the 1970s. The 1980s witnessed the birth of postmodernist aesthetics, with a strong presence of the carnivalesque grotesque and Conceptualism, as exemplified by the performance group “Bu-Ba-Bu” and the Kyiv circle of ironic and absurdist writers. The conclusion demonstrates the continuity between the legacy of the underground and radical tendencies in post-communist Ukrainian culture.
NSSI in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Kiekens Glenn , Hasking Penelope , Claes Laurence 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers why adolescence and emerging adulthood are the most sensitive life periods for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and summarizes the knowledge about the course and developmental risk and protective factors of NSSI. This includes a literature review on the associations between NSSI and early life trauma, personality and identity development, emotion regulation, cognitive vulnerabilities, mental disorders, parenting and family relationships, and peer relationships. The authors then evaluate the possible consequences of engaging in NSSI as an adolescent or emerging adult and discuss how we can intervene to address NSSI among young people. Finally, the authors formulate recommendations to further our understanding as we move into the next decade of research. One of the main suggestions is to consider developmental variation in future prospective studies as well as an increased focus on prevention and intervention.
Yeats in Fascist Italy
Authors: Arrington Lauren 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Yeats’s visits to Rapallo, Italy, between 1928 and 1934 coincided with the consolidation of the Italian fascist regime. Unlike Pound, who wholly embraced Mussolini and his government, Yeats’s proximity to the increasing totalitarianism of the regime resulted in his turning away from overtly fascist political structures, even while ‘aesthetic fascism’ continued to inform his work for the rest of his life. A close study of Yeats’s interest in Italian fascism shows the fluidity of his attitude to Mussolini and the regime as well as the steadfastness of his authoritarian commitment in his aesthetics. While he dismissed Italian fascism’s ‘dry sticks’, Yeats remained interested in totalizing mythologies, not only the System in A Vision but also in the theatre. Although Yeats ultimately rejected Italian fascism as a political model in its party-political manifestation and his conversations in Rapallo about fascist political thought, it remained a powerful presence in Yeats’s late work.
Planets
Authors: Parsons Cóilín 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks forward from Yeats to the discourse of planetarity that has swept through certain corners of literary and cultural criticism in the twenty-first century, from environmental humanities to postcolonial studies and beyond. It shows Yeats’s lifelong interest in trying to figure the size and shape of our imagined and material universe, and about how we have imagined the planet since the beginning of the twentieth century. In other words, this chapter asks what planetary thinking looks like when glimpsed squarely through the lens of what we now know as modernism, and how Yeats invested in the philosophical, spiritual, and political implications of thinking about and with the planet and the stars.
Lady Gregory
Authors: Grene Nicholas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Yeats and Lady Gregory’s relationship was never exactly that of equals but existed within a complex and shifting power dynamic of status and authority. When they first met, Gregory had an established social position; at the same time, Yeats’s genius as a writer (of which she was convinced) gave him a sort of superiority. Her patronage was given in the cause of his work and to this she was prepared to subordinate her own interests. That may have been one of the reasons she did not claim full credit for her share of the writings she co-authored with him. It was his career, his reputation which were all important. This chapter tracks the changing pattern of relationship between Yeats and Gregory from patronage through collaboration to mythopoeia.
Family Business at Dun Emer and Cuala
Authors: Bergmann Loizeaux Elizabeth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores collaboration at the Irish craft cooperative Dun Emer (later Cuala) Industries, co-founded by William Butler Yeats’s sisters Elizabeth Corbet Yeats (Lolly) and Susan Mary Yeats (Lily). Lily ran the embroidery division, Lolly the hand press, with W. B. Yeats as literary editor. Clashing personalities and gender dynamics made for contentious relations, especially among these three siblings. Nevertheless, out of their collaboration came WBY’s emergence as a modern poet, the establishment of Dun Emer/Cuala Press as one of the most important fine printing presses of the twentieth century, and Lily’s underappreciated, distinctive embroideries. The collaboration of WBY with Lolly on his volume of poems In the Seven Woods (1903), the press’s first book, and the collaboration of WBY with Lily in the 1930s on embroidered illustrations to his poems demonstrate the remarkable creativity that flourished despite, and perhaps at times sharpened by, the contention in a family business that ran from 1902 to 1986.