bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acidity Control of Interface for Improving Stability of All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Jie , Qiu Huihang , Wen Tianyu , He Zhilong , Zou Can , Shi Yang , Zhu Lei , Chen Chun‐Chao , Liu Gang , Yang Shuang , Liu Feng , Yang Zhibin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeveloping all‐perovskite tandem solar cells has been proved to be an effective approach to boost the efficiency beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit. However, the Sn‐based narrow‐bandgap (NBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from the relatively low photostability, which limits their further application in all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. In this work, the instability of NBG PSCs is found to come from the commonly used acidic hole transporting material PEDOT:PSS, which reacts with the indispensable basic additive SnF2 in the perovskite layer. By acidity control of PEDOT:PSS via aqueous ammonia, the NBG PSCs yield an efficiency of 22.0% with much improved photostability, which can maintain 91.3% of the initial value after 800 h illumination under AM 1.5G. As an application, the corresponding all‐perovskite tandem cells exhibit a stabilized efficiency of 25.3% with 92% remaining after 560 h illumination. This work reveals an origin of instability of NBG PSCs and provides an effective approach to enhance the device stability, which can promote the development of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells.
Gains in relative cortical area during growth and their relationship to nutrition, body size, and physical activity
Authors: Cowgill Libby , Harrington Lesley , MacKinnon Marla , Kurki Helen K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesIn studies of growth in the past, low percentage of cortical area (%CA) is commonly attributed to poor general health, due to factors including poor nutrition, low socioeconomic status, or other physiological stressors. What constitutes low relative cortical dimensions has not been established across a diverse range of human skeletal samples. This study examines %CA in a large immature skeletal sample to establish typical variation in humans with consideration of both body mass and subsistence strategy.Materials and MethodsPercentage of cortical area was calculated at the midshaft of the humerus, femur, and tibia in seven skeletal samples. Age at death was estimated from dental development, and body mass from bone dimensions. Patterns of %CA with age and log‐transformed body mass were examined in the pooled sample and compared among samples using LOESS regression, Welch's ANOVA, and Kruskal‐Wallis tests.ResultsAcross all samples, %CA displays a generally non‐linear pattern, but variation in %CA with age was high, particularly in samples with lower levels of %CA. There was no relationship between %CA and age‐adjusted body mass.DiscussionThe lack of a relationship between %CA and body mass suggests that %CA should not be used as an indicator of mechanical loading. The variation present across samples implies that appositional bone growth is affected by physiological stress in varying ways. Without a deeper understanding of what is “typical” for long bone development, it is impossible to draw conclusions about individual or population level health.
Frontotemporal dementia: Past, present, and future
Authors: Ulugut Hulya , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe history of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is both old and new. This study explores its historical roots, dating back to the 19th century, while recognizes it as a distinct neurological entity only a few decades ago.METHODSThis qualitative study and literature review provides an overview of FTD's historical background, birth, evolution, and future directions.RESULTSRecognition of FTD was hindered by rigid perceptions of dementia, the division between neurology and psychiatry, reliance on IQ‐based assessment, limited neuroimaging capabilities, and lack of pathological proof. Overcoming these barriers involved revisiting early pioneers' approaches, focusing on focal impairment, establishing non‐Alzheimer's disease cohorts, fostering collaboration, and developing diagnostic criteria. Current gaps include the need for biology‐oriented psychiatry education, biological biomarkers, and culturally sensitive, objective clinical instruments predicting underlying pathology.DISCUSSIONIndependent multidisciplinary centers are essential. The future of FTD lies in disease‐modifying therapies, presenting new opportunities for healthcare professionals and researchers.
The Association of the Glymphatic Function with Parkinson's Disease Symptoms: Neuroimaging Evidence from Longitudinal and Cross‐Sectional Studies
Authors: He Peikun , Shi Lin , Li Yanyi , Duan Qingrui , Qiu Yihui , Feng Shujun , Gao Yuyuan , Luo Yishan , Ma Guixian , Zhang Yuhu , Wang Lijuan , Nie Kun 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveEmerging pathological evidence suggests that there is an association between glymphatic dysfunction and the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the clinical evidence of this association remains lacking.MethodsIn this study, the index for diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS index) was calculated to evaluate glymphatic function.ResultsOverall, 289 patients with PD were enrolled in the cross‐sectional study. The ALPS index was found to be negatively correlated with age, disease severity, and dyskinesia. In the longitudinal study, the information on a total of 95 PD patients with 5‐year follow‐up examinations was collected from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative, 33 of which were classified into the low ALPS index group, and all others were classified into the mid‐high ALPS index group based on the first tertile of the baseline ALPS index. The results of longitudinal regression indicated that there was a significant main group effect on autonomic dysfunction, as well as on activities of daily living. In addition, the low ALPS index group had faster deterioration in MDS‐UPDRS part III and part II, Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test. Path analysis showed that ALPS index acted as a significant mediator between tTau/ Aβ1‐42 and cognitive change in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test score at year 4 and year 5.InterpretationThe ALPS index, an neuroimaging marker of glymphatic function, is correlated with PD disease severity, motor symptoms, and autonomic function, and is predictive of faster deterioration in motor symptoms and cognitive function. Additionally, glymphatic function may mediate the pathological role of toxic protein in cognitive decline. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:672–683
Facile Synthesis of Linear and Cyclic Poly(diphenylacetylene)s by Molybdenum and Tungsten Catalysis
Authors: Miyairi Mami , Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Nishimura Tatsuya , Maeda Katsuhiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImproved methods for the synthesis of linear and cyclic poly(diphenylacetylene)s by polymerization of the corresponding diphenylacetylenes using MoCl5‐ and WCl4‐based catalytic systems have been developed. MoCl5 induces migratory insertion polymerization of diphenylacetylenes in the presence of arylation reagents such as Ph4Sn and ArSnnBu3 to produce cis‐stereoregular linear poly(diphenylacetyelene)s with high molecular weights (number‐average molar mass (Mn)=30,000–3,200,000) in good yields (up to 98 %). On the other hand, WCl4 induces ring expansion polymerization of diphenylacetylenes in the presence of Ph4Sn or reducing reagents to produce cis‐stereoregular cyclic poly(diphenylacetylene)s with high molecular weights (Mn=20,000–250,000) in moderate to good yields (up to 90 %). Both catalytic systems are applicable to the polymerization of various diphenylacetylenes having polar functional groups such as esters that are not efficiently polymerized by conventional methods using WCl6‐Ph4Sn and TaCl5‐nBu4Sn systems.
Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Full Cells Operating at −40 °C
Authors: Chen Jiangchun , An Dong , Wang Sicong , Wang Han , Wang Yingyu , Zhu Qiaonan , Yu Dandan , Tang Mengyao , Guo Lin , Wang Hua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are promising for cryogenic energy storage. However, current researches on low‐temperature PIBs are limited to half cells utilizing potassium metal as an anode, and realizing rechargeable full cells is challenged by lacking viable anode materials and compatible electrolytes. Herein, a hard carbon (HC)‐based low‐temperature potassium‐ion full cell is successfully fabricated for the first time. Experimental evidence and theoretical analysis revealed that potassium storage behaviors of HC anodes in the matched low‐temperature electrolyte involve defect adsorption, interlayer co‐intercalation, and nanopore filling. Notably, these unique potassiation processes exhibited low interfacial resistances and small reaction activation energies, enabling an excellent cycling performance of HC with a capacity of 175 mAh g−1 at −40 °C (68 % of its room‐temperature capacity). Consequently, the HC‐based full cells demonstrated impressive rechargeability and high energy density above 100 Wh kg−1cathode at −40 °C, representing a significant advancement in the development of PIBs.
Cu Single‐Atom Catalysts for High‐Selectivity Electrocatalytic Acetylene Semihydrogenation
Authors: Jiang Xiaoli , Tang Lei , Dong Lei , Sheng Xuedi , Zhang Wenfei , Liu Zhen , Shen Jianhua , Jiang Hongliang , Li Chunzhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe site isolation strategy has been employed in thermal catalytic acetylene semihydrogenation to inhibit overhydrogenation and C−C coupling. However, there is a dearth of analogous investigations in electrocatalytic systems. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) simulations demonstrate that isolated Cu metal sites have higher energy barriers on overhydrogenation and C−C coupling. Following this result, we develop Cu single‐atom catalysts highly dispersed on nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix, which exhibit high ethylene selectivity (>80 % Faradaic efficiency for ethylene, <1 % Faradaic efficiency for C4, and no ethane) at high concentrations of acetylene. The superior performance observed in the electrocatalytic selective hydrogenation of acetylene can be attributed to the weak adsorption of ethylene intermediates and highly energy barriers on C−C coupling at isolated sites, as confirmed by both DFT calculations and experimental results. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the isolated sites inhibiting the side reactions of electrocatalytic acetylene semihydrogenation.
Isothermal anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam to polyamide‐6: Kinetic modeling and application for production process
Authors: Kurt Samet , Bratzdrum Thomas , Chaloupka Alexander , Horn Siegfried , Moosburger‐Will Judith 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe in‐situ anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam (ε‐CL) to polyamide‐6 enables the production of large, near net shape fiber reinforced composites by thermoplastic resin transfer molding. For the propagation of the flow front as well as for the progress of the solidification, the simultaneous processes of polymerization and crystallization and the corresponding reaction kinetics play a central role. To investigate these processes, preparation of reactive mixtures consisting of ε‐CL, activator, and initiator was carried out under inert atmosphere. A solvent‐based activator and initiator were used, which hardly have been studied in the literature so far. In analogy to the resin transfer molding process, quasi‐isothermal differential scanning calorimetry measurements were performed at various temperatures and the released enthalpy and the degree of crystallization were determined. From these isothermal measurements, a two‐stage semi‐empirical kinetic model was established for a solvent‐based system for the first time, which reproduces the experimental data with high precision. To apply the obtained kinetic model to a thermoplastic resin transfer molding process it was finally correlated to dielectric sensor data, allowing real‐time prediction of the total conversion.
Ruthenium‐Manganese Solid Solution Oxide with Enhanced Performance for Acidic and Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Sun Wen , Fang Ying , Sun Gaoming , Dai Congfu , Liu Yana , Zhang Jiguang , Zhu Yunfeng , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProton exchange membrane water electrolysers and alkaline exchange membrane water electrolysers for hydrogen production suffer from sluggish kinetics and the limited durability of the electrocatalyst toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a rutile Ru0.75Mn0.25O2−δ solid solution oxide featured with a hierarchical porous structure has been developed as an efficient OER electrocatalyst in both acidic and alkaline electrolyte. Specifically, compared with commercial RuO2, the catalyst displays a superior reaction kinetics with small Tafel slope of 54.6 mV dec−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4, thus allowing a low overpotential of 237 and 327 mV to achieve the current density of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, which is attributed to the enhanced electrochemically active surface area from the porous structure and the increased intrinsic activity owing to the regulated Ru>4+ proportion with Mn incorporation. Additionally, the sacrificial dissolution of Mn relieves the leaching of active Ru species, leading to the extended OER durability. Besides, the Ru0.75Mn0.25O2−δ catalyst also shows a highly improved OER performance in alkaline electrolyte, rendering it a versatile catalyst for water splitting.
Economic comparison of decentralized versus centralized processing of sugarcane to fructooligosaccharides and ethanol
Authors: Klaver Monique , Petersen Abdul M. , Görgens Johann F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe global sugarcane industry is under threat due to low international prices and oversupply. This requires new revenue opportunities through a diversification strategy. The economic competitiveness of small‐scale, decentralized biorefineries to produce short‐chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) and/or ethanol, both valuable products with growing market applications, in comparison to large‐scale, centralized facilities annexed to existing sugarcane mills, was therefore considered. The economic feasibility of three potential scenarios was investigated using AspenPlus process simulations of small‐ and large‐scale facilities. In Scenario 1 only scFOS was produced. In Scenario 2 only ethanol was produced, and in Scenario 3 scFOS and ethanol were co‐produced. The small‐scale implementation of Scenarios 1 and 3 was economically feasible, with minimum selling prices (MSPs) below market prices. However, in all scenarios the large‐scale implementation of technologies in facilities annexed to an existing sugar mill improved economic viability, despite efforts to minimize the disadvantages of small‐scale facilities and their capital costs through the selection of simplified process technologies and decentralized processing. Despite this, the small‐scale production of scFOS is the preferred investment option for scFOS production due to the very high scFOS production rates of the large‐scale scenarios, which could flood the market. Processing of freshly harvested sugarcane in decentralized, small‐scale facilities increased the feedstock cost per unit of sugar, in comparison with the use of molasses obtained by annexation to an existing sugar mill. Simplified sugarcane processing to ethanol also lowered the product yield and increased capital costs. Further improvements in process technology design and performance for small‐scale facilities are required to make these financially competitive with large‐scale facilities.
The imperative of communication signals in boosting business strategies of the bioplastic packaging industry
Authors: Baskoro M. Lahandi , Tjahjono Benny , Beltran Macarena , Bogush Anna , Wang Yichuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the rapid growth of sustainable innovations in bioplastics for packaging industries, their diffusion into established markets has so far been hampered by ambiguous and asymmetrical communication between bioplastics producers and consumers (both businesses and end consumers), particularly related to bioplastics materials and their waste disposal procedures. This study looks into the communication processes, identifies barriers and investigates business strategies that can be adopted by bioplastic packaging industries to influence consumer adoption and proper disposal behaviour of bioplastic packaging. Based on a systematic review of 68 journal articles and guided by the signalling theory, the study found that connections with various signallers at the end‐of‐life of bioplastic packaging materials are required beyond the purview of the industrial sectors utilising the packaging. The paper proposes a conceptual framework incorporating new signal constructs specific to consumer‐facing sustainable innovation. The framework extends the signalling theory to be used as part of the bioplastic packaging industry's business strategy. The paper also emphasises the importance of altering the communication mechanisms in order to boost bioplastics industrial practices, which will subsequently contribute to the reduction of the detrimental impacts of fossil‐based plastics on the environment.
Financial risk under the shock of global warming: Evidence from China
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Li Lianqing , Hao Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe economic and financial risks of global warming have become a hot issue of academic interest. This article analyzes global warming, financial risk, and the economic statistics of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2020 as a sample to assess the influence of the severity of global warming on financial risk. Global warming is found to affect financial risk and to have a substantial favorable influence on the amount of financial risk. Global warming also has significant effects on households, enterprises, financial institutions, and governments. There is heterogeneity in the effects of climate variation on financial risk. Global warming will cause a greater accumulation of financial risk in economically developed regions. Additionally, it will lead to financial risks by causing a decline in the incomes of residents, a decline in the profits of enterprises, growth in the number of loans that financial institutions consider to be nonperforming, and a widening of the gap between government revenue and expenditures. All of these effects will have an adverse domino effect on the economy. To reduce the financial risks caused by global warming, countermeasures are being offered to ensure social cohesion, conduct risk stress testing, create risk mitigation instruments, and encourage environmentally responsible development. This paper discusses policies and provides policymakers with recommendations on how to cope with the systematic financial risks induced by climate variation.
What's in a name? Is an anatomical term only a name?
Authors: Neumann Paul E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe purpose of a standard terminology is to facilitate communication. Thus, changing the name of an anatomical structure or the meaning of an anatomical term undermines that aspiration and cuts connections with anatomy's long history. Two types of anatomical terms are the most vulnerable to logical arguments for revision—ones that are descriptive, but viewed, at least by some, as inaccurate, and ones that contain words that are polysemic or vague. A half dozen examples of each type are discussed, including ductus deferens, glandula seminalis, articulationes costochondrales, vulva and fascia. In general, traditional terms should be preserved, but judgments about which terms are traditional should be based on five centuries of modern anatomy, not just the past several decades.
The role of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ in lipid metabolism and inflammation in atherosclerosis
Authors: Yang Xue‐feng , Shang De‐jing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCardiovascular disease events are the result of functional and structural abnormalities in the arteries and heart. Atherosclerosis is the main cause and pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease associated with dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, among which dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation occur in all processes. Under the influence of lipoproteins, the arterial intima causes inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, and calcification, leading to plaque formation in specific parts of the artery, which further develops into plaque rupture and secondary thrombosis. Foam cell formation from macrophages is an early event in the development of atherosclerosis. Lipid uptake causes a vascular inflammatory response, and persistent inflammatory infiltration in the lesion area further promotes the development of the disease. Inhibition of macrophage differentiation into foam cell and reduction of the level of proinflammatory factors in macrophages can effectively alleviate the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand‐activated nuclear receptor that plays an important antiatherosclerotic role by regulating triglyceride metabolism, lipid uptake, cholesterol efflux, macrophage polarity, and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. In addition, PPARγ shifts its binding to ligands and co‐activators or co‐repressors of transcription of target genes through posttranslational modification, thereby affecting the regulation of its downstream target genes. Many ligand agonists have also been developed targeting PPARγ. In this review, we summarized the role of PPARγ in lipid metabolism and inflammation in development of atherosclerosis, the posttranslational regulatory mechanism of PPARγ, and further discusses the value of PPARγ as an antiatherosclerosis target.
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on AuNi Surface Alloy Formed on Single Crystal Au Electrodes
Authors: Tanaka Syunnosuke , Hoshi Nagahiro , Nakamura Masashi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on Au with high chemical stability is activated by alloying it with Ni. We evaluated the HER activity of the AuNi surface alloy prepared at different alloying temperatures on single‐crystal Au electrodes in 0.05 M H2SO4. The potential cycle, including the region of Ni oxidative dissolution, further enhanced the HER activity by dealloying Ni, and the activity depended on the surface structure of the Au substrate in the following order: AuNi/Au(100)<AuNi/Au(111)<AuNi/Au(110). The surface structure and atomic composition were investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface X‐ray diffraction. Surface structural analysis revealed that the dissolution of Ni from the AuNi surface‐alloy layer resulted in a decrease in the atomic occupancy of the topmost surface layer. Ni dealloying creates low‐coordination Au sites on the AuNi surface alloy, which activates the HER.
Re‐Thinking Dimer Design Principles with Indolonaphthyridine Intramolecular Singlet Fission
Authors: Purdy Michael , Budden Peter , Fallon Kealan , Gannett Cara N. , Abruña Héctor D. , Zeng Weixuan , Friend Richard , Musser Andrew J. , Bronstein Hugo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSinglet fission is a phenomenon that could significantly improve the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. Indolonaphthyridine thiophene (INDT) is a photostable singlet fission material that could potentially be utilised in singlet fission‐based photovoltaic devices. This study investigates the intramolecular singlet fission (i‐SF) mechanism of INDT dimers linked via para‐phenyl, meta‐phenyl and fluorene bridging groups. Using ultra‐fast spectroscopy the highest rate of singlet fission is found in the para‐phenyl linked dimer. Quantum calculations show the para‐phenyl linker encourages enhanced monomer electronic coupling. Increased rates of singlet fission were also observed in the higher polarity o‐dichlorobenzene, relative to toluene, indicating that charge‐transfer states have a role in mediating the process. The mechanistic picture of polarisable singlet fission materials, such as INDT, extends beyond the traditional mechanistic landscape.