bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced photoemission performance of an AlGaN photocathode by a superlattice emission layer
Authors: Du Jinjuan , Cheng Hongchang , Li Yang , Chen Peng , Zhang Ruoyu , Guo Xin , Zhu Yufeng , Miao Zhuang , Zhang Yijun , Liu Lei 
Published: September 2023

The AlGaN photocathode with a superlattice emission layer was grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The existence of the superlattice structure was confirmed using a transmission electron microscope, and its optical and electrical properties were measured. The results showed that the introduction of a superlattice emission layer can reduce the transmittance and reflectance at 275 nm and improve the absorption of incident light. In particular, the Hall measurement results indicate that the introduction of a superlattice structure can significantly increase the concentration of holes in the AlGaN photocathode material. The activation experiment demonstrated that the photocurrent of the AlGaN photocathode subassembly with a superlattice structure increased significantly after Cs/O activation and that it showed better photoemission performance. The increase in the incident light absorption to produce more photoelectrons, the enhancement of photoelectron transport capacity by the polarized electric field generated by the superlattice structure, and the reduction in the surface barrier caused by the higher hole concentration were responsible for the significant improvement in photoemission performance.
Assessing the potential benefits of methane oxidation technologies using a concentration-based framework
Authors: Abernethy Sam , Kessler Max I , Jackson Robert B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Lowering the atmospheric methane concentration is critical to reducing short-term global warming because of methane’s high radiative forcing and relatively short lifetime. Methane could be destroyed at its emissions sources or removed from the atmosphere by oxidizing it to carbon dioxide and water vapor, greatly lowering the warming effect. Here we provide, to the best of our knowledge, the first estimate of the amount of methane that is emitted at a given concentration. We use this to assess the potential benefits (global temperature, air quality, and economic) of various technologies that could oxidize methane above specific concentration thresholds. We estimate that global mean surface temperature could be reduced by 0.2 °C ± 0.1 °C by continuously oxidizing all anthropogenic methane emitted above 1000 parts per million (the lowest concentration addressable with current commercial technologies). Continuously oxidizing all methane currently emitted above ten parts per million could cause 0.4 °C ± 0.2 °C of cooling. For the economic benefit of removing atmospheric methane to outweigh the associated energy cost, we show that reactors that use heat to oxidize methane must operate at most 3 °C ± 2 °C above ambient temperature while those that use light must convert at least 9% ± 8% of photons into oxidized methane molecules. Our framework can be used by scientists, engineers, and policymakers to better understand the connections between methane sources, including their emission rates and concentrations, and the technologies that can oxidize those emissions.
Upward job mobility in local economies
Authors: Henning Martin , Kekezi Orsa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article studies upward job mobility in different types of local economies. Relying on Swedish register data, we disentangle the impacts stemming from local labour market size, the presence of related industries and occupations and the size of own-industry and own-occupation concentrations. Results show that the local economic structure is important in shaping upward mobility outcomes. However, we observe different impacts from local industry-versus-occupation agglomerations and depending on whether people move from lower-paid or higher-paid jobs. The results have important implications for understanding the drivers of upward job mobility in times of increasing labour market polarization and regional divergence.
An overview of infective endocarditis in the context of COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Goncalves Ricardo , Meel Ruchika 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) in the context of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging clinical entity. If not identified timeously, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Herein, we provide an overview of the literature supported by a clinical vignette, and highlight the importance of early recognition and management of IE in the context of COVID-19 infection.
Nanopore-based direct sequencing of RNA transcripts with 10 different modified nucleotides reveals gaps in existing technology
Authors: Burdick Joshua T , Comai Annelise , Bruzel Alan , Sun Guangxin , Dedon Peter C , Cheung Vivian G 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
RNA undergoes complex posttranscriptional processing including chemical modifications of the nucleotides. The resultant-modified nucleotides are an integral part of RNA sequences that must be considered in studying the biology of RNA and in the design of RNA therapeutics. However, the current “RNA-sequencing” methods primarily sequence complementary DNA rather than RNA itself, which means that the modifications present in RNA are not captured in the sequencing results. Emerging direct RNA-sequencing technologies, such as those offered by Oxford Nanopore, aim to address this limitation. In this study, we synthesized and used Nanopore technology to sequence RNA transcripts consisting of canonical nucleotides and 10 different modifications in various concentrations. The results show that direct RNA sequencing still has a baseline error rate of &gt;10%, and although some modifications can be detected, many remain unidentified. Thus, there is a need to develop sequencing technologies and analysis methods that can comprehensively capture the total complexity of RNA. The RNA sequences obtained through this project are made available for benchmarking analysis methods.
Irrelevant Interests? A Qualitative Study Into How German Family Surrogates of Persons Living With Dementia Fulfill Their Legal Role as Advocates of an Advance Directive
Authors: Fischer Julia , Roßmeier Carola , Hartmann Julia , Riedl Lina , Tensil Maria , Diehl-Schmid Janine , Jox Ralf J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
German legislation establishes advance directives (ADs) as legally binding instruments that all involved parties need to adhere to. This applies also to family members who have been authorized as official surrogates of the AD’s author. As surrogates, they are expected to make sure that the AD is being implemented. Our study aims at uncovering how family members experience their legally assigned role as an advocate of an AD.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted 25 episodic interviews with family surrogates of persons living with dementia and used thematic analysis to make sense of our interview data.

Results
Family surrogates expressed scepticism toward ADs as instruments for planning end-of-life care. They did not necessarily follow the decisions expressed in the AD. We found cases in which family surrogates intentionally refrained from bringing the ADs to the attention of health care providers as well as cases in which the ADs conflicted with self-related interests of family surrogates.

Discussion and Implications
Our findings lead us to critique the legal construction of family surrogates as advocates of the AD. Family members are directly and enduringly affected by the end-of-life care decisions that the AD sets out and are thus no neutral agents who have no stake in the matter. Expecting them to simply transmit decisions formulated in the AD means expecting them to render their own interests irrelevant—which, arguably, might be too much to ask.
Does Subsidized Housing Prevent Health Decline and 2-Year Mortality Among Low-Income Older Renters?
Authors: Jenkins Morales Meghan , Robert Stephanie A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
A growing number of older adults in the United States need subsidized housing, but only 36% of eligible households receive assistance. The purpose of this study is to examine if older renters living in subsidized housing are less likely to experience health decline and mortality over 2 years compared to low-income older renters who are likely eligible, but do not receive assistance.

Research Design and Methods
Baseline data include 671 subsidized and unsubsidized low-income older renters from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study. Outcomes of interest include self-rated health decline, developing a new activity limitation, or 2-year mortality between 2015 and 2017. Weighted stepwise logistic regression models test (a) if subsidized older renters were less likely to experience health decline or 2-year mortality compared to unsubsidized older renters, and (b) if housing quality and neighborhood factors mediate the association between subsidized housing and health decline/mortality.

Results
Subsidized older renters were less likely to develop a new activity limitation compared to unsubsidized older renters, but there was not a statistically significant difference in experiencing self-rated health decline or 2-year mortality by subsidized housing status. Housing quality and neighborhood factors did not significantly mediate this association.

Discussion and Implications
The results provide some support that improving access to subsidized housing for low-income older renters may have additional health benefits, even in the short term. To inform program improvements and maximize potential health benefits, more research is needed to understand the specific health-promoting features of subsidized housing.
The Requirement of Originality in the Copyright Laws of the Arab Gulf States: Perspectives from Author’s Rights Jurisdictions
Authors: Olwan Rami , Al-Balushi Riyadh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Originality is crucial for the advancement of humanity, creativity and the development of knowledge and literature. No effective understanding of copyright law in any country would be complete without understanding the standard of ‘originality’ required to provide copyright protection. It is the only requirement that must be satisfied for any work to be protected in the copyright laws of the Arab Gulf States that adopt the droit d’auteur, or author’s rights system, and are mainly influenced by civil law. This article explains the different meanings of ‘originality’ and considers this important requirement in international intellectual property and copyright treaties and conventions, mainly the Berne Convention 1886, the Arab Copyright Treaty 1981, the TRIPS Agreement 1995, and the WCT 1996. It also discusses the ‘originality’ requirement in civil law and author’s rights jurisdictions in France and Germany.
It provides an overview of the ‘creativity’ (originality) requirement in the copyright laws of Arab Gulf States and analyses the eight principles of ‘creativity’ in those countries. Finally, the article provides various suggestions and recommendations for legislators and policymakers in the Arab Gulf States to harmonise and reform their copyright legislations and the ‘originality’ requirement.
VvBBX44 and VvMYBA1 form a regulatory feedback loop to balance anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Mu Huayuan , Yuan Ling , Li Yang , Li Yuting , Li Shenchang , Ren Chong , Duan Wei , Fan Peige , Dai Zhanwu , Zhou Yongfeng , Liang Zhenchang , Li Shaohua , Wang Lijun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Anthocyanins are essential for the quality of perennial horticultural crops, such as grapes. In grapes, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and MYBA1 are two critical transcription factors that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our previous work has shown that Vitis vinifera B-box protein 44 (VvBBX44) inhibits anthocyanin synthesis and represses VvHY5 expression in grape calli. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying this regulation was unclear. In this study, we found that loss of VvBBX44 function resulted in increased anthocyanin accumulation in grapevine callus. VvBBX44 directly represses VvMYBA1, which activates VvBBX44. VvMYBA1, but not VvBBX44, directly modulates the expression of grape UDP flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (VvUFGT). We demonstrated that VvBBX44 represses the transcriptional activation of VvUFGT and VvBBX44 induced by VvMYBA1. However, VvBBX44 and VvMYBA1 did not physically interact in yeast. The application of exogenous anthocyanin stimulated VvBBX44 expression in grapevine suspension cells and tobacco leaves. These findings suggest that VvBBX44 and VvMYBA1 form a transcriptional feedback loop to prevent overaccumulation of anthocyanin and reduce metabolic costs. Our work sheds light on the complex regulatory network that controls anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapevine.
Molecular and biochemical changes in Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) infected with Paranosema locustae
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Yang Kun , Wang Han , Liu Hui , Shi Wangpeng , Kabak Iliya , Ji Rong , Hu Hongxia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Microsporidia are a group of eukaryotic intracellular parasitic organisms that infect almost all vertebrates and invertebrates. Paranosema locustae are specialized parasites of Orthoptera that are often used as biological controls of locusts, with slow effects of action. In this study, we found that after infection with P. locustae, changes in energy metabolism in male and female Locusta migratoria as were consistent, with no gender differences. During the first 8 days of infection, L. migratoria used sugar as a source of energy. After 8 days, lipids and proteins were consumed to provide energy when the spore load was considerably heavy, and energy supply was insufficient. With increasing infection concentration and time, energy conversion from sugar, fats, and proteins was improved, which may explain why high mortality did not occur until about 15 days after P. locustae infection. The tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that most altered metabolism-related proteins were upregulated (27 of 29 in the metabolic pathway). This result suggests that P. locustae infection accelerated metabolism in L. migratoria, which facilitated the pathogen’s life cycle, inhibiting the growth and development of the locusts and eventually killing them. Our findings will be useful to better understand of the chronic pathogenic mechanisms of P. locustae and inform on applications of P. locustae to control locusts.
Optical and X-ray variations during five outbursts of Aql X-1 in 3.6 yr from 2016
Authors: Niwano Masafumi , Murata Katsuhiro L , Ito Naohiro , Yatsu Yoichi , Kawai Nobuyuki 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We analysed optical/X-ray quasi-simultaneous light curves of Aql X-1, obtained by Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image, Zwicky Transient Facility, and Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope network in about 3.6 yr from 2016, for understanding electromagnetic radiation mechanisms during its outbursts. As a result, we confirmed that five outbursts had detected in the epoch, and that three outbursts underwent the X-ray state transition across Low-Hard, In-Transition, and High-Soft state while remaining two outbursts stayed in the Low-Hard state. We found that the optical spectral energy distribution in the High-Soft state is consistent with a simplified irradiated disc model, and that the optical colour/magnitude variation can be explained by variations in the X-ray luminosity and the disc geometrical thickness.
Efficient simulations of ionized ISM emission lines: a detailed comparison between the FIRE high-redshift suite and observations
Authors: Yang Shengqi , Lidz Adam , Smith Aaron , Benson Andrew , Li Hui 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) in the submillimetre and the JWST in the infrared have achieved robust spectroscopic detections of emission lines from the interstellar medium (ISM) in some of the first galaxies. These unprecedented measurements provide valuable information regarding the ISM properties, stellar populations, galaxy morphologies, and kinematics in these high-redshift galaxies and, in principle, offer powerful tests of state of the art galaxy formation models, as implemented in hydrodynamical simulations. To facilitate direct comparisons between simulations and observations, we develop a fast post-processing pipeline to predict line emission from the H ii regions around simulated star particles, accounting for spatial variations in the surrounding gas density, metallicity, and incident radiation spectrum. Our ISM line emission model currently captures H α, H β, and all of the [O iii] and [O ii] lines targeted by ALMA and JWST at z &gt; 6. We illustrate the power of this approach by applying our line emission model to the publicly available Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) high-z simulation suite and perform a detailed comparison with current observations. We show that the FIRE mass–metallicity relation is in 1σ agreement with ALMA/JWST measurements after accounting for the inhomogeneities in the ISM properties. We also quantitatively validate the description of the one-zone model, which is widely used for interpreting [O iii] and H β line luminosity measurements. This model is publicly available and can be implemented on top of a broad range of galaxy formation simulations for comparison with JWST and ALMA measurements.
H i 21cm observations and dynamical modelling of the thinnest galaxy: FGC 2366
Authors: Aditya K , Banerjee Arunima , Kamphuis Peter , Mosenkov Aleksandr , Makarov Dmitry , Borisov Sviatoslav 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Superthin galaxies are bulgeless low-surface brightness galaxies with unusually high major-to-minor axes ratio of the stellar disc, i.e. 10 &lt; a/b &lt; 20. We present Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) H i 21cm radio-synthesis observations of FGC 2366, the thinnest galaxy known with a/b = 21.6. Employing the 3D tilted-ring modelling using fully automated TiRiFiC (fat), we determine the structure and kinematics of the H i gas disc, obtaining an asymptotic rotational velocity equal to 100 km s−1 and a total H i mass equal to 109M⊙. Using z-band stellar photometry, we obtain a central surface brightness of 22.8 mag arcsec−2, a disc scale length of 2.6 kpc, and a scale height of 260 pc. Next, we determine the dark matter density profile by constructing a mass model and find that an Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) dark matter halo best-fits the steeply rising rotation curve. With the above mass inventory in place, we finally construct the dynamical model of the stellar disc of FGC 2366 using the stellar dynamical code ‘agama’. To identify the key physical mechanisms responsible for the superthin vertical structure, we carry out a Principal Component Analysis of the data corresponding to all the relevant dynamical parameters and a/b for a sample of superthin and extremely thin galaxies studied so far. We note that the first two principal components explain 80 per cent of the variation in the data, and the significant contribution is from the compactness of the mass distribution, which is fundamentally responsible for the existence of superthin stellar discs.
Mitochondrial-targeting Mn3O4/UIO-TPP nanozyme scavenge ROS to restore mitochondrial function for osteoarthritis therapy
Authors: Zhang Shengqing , Cai Jinhong , Yao Yi , Huang Lanli , Zheng Li , Zhao Jinmin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced mitochondrial damage has impact on osteoarthritis (OA). Nanozyme mimics as natural enzyme alternatives to scavenge excessive ROS has offered a promising strategy for OA therapy. Herein, we reported a novel mitochondrial-targeting Mn3O4/UIO-TPP nanozyme using metal-organic frameworks with loaded Mn3O4 as the enzyme-like active core combining mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphine (TPP) groups to serve as ROS scavengers for therapy of OA. With sequential catalysis of superoxide dismutase-like, catalase (CAT)-like, and hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging potentials, the nanozyme can target mitochondria by crossing subcellular barriers to effectively eliminate ROS to restore mitochondrial function and inhibit inflammation and chondrocyte apoptosis. It also has favorable biocompatibility and biosafety. Based on anterior cruciate ligament transection-induced OA joint models, this mitochondrial-targeting nanozyme effectively mitigated the inflammatory response with the Pelletier score reduction of 49.9% after 8-week therapy. This study offers a prospective approach to the design of nanomedicines for ROS-related diseases.
Higher ultra-processed food intake was positively associated with odds of NAFLD in both US adolescents and adults: A national survey
Authors: Zhao Longgang , Zhang Xinyuan , Martinez Steele Euridice , Lo Chun-Han , Zhang Fang Fang , Zhang Xuehong 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The effect of ultra-processed foods (UPF) on NAFLD remains unclear. Related evidence for adult NAFLD is limited and no study has yet evaluated UPF’s impact on NAFLD in adolescence.

Methods:
We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2018) with 806 adolescents and 2734 adults. UPF intake was estimated using dietary data from two 24-hour dietary recalls. NAFLD was defined by transient elastography. Logistic regression was used to estimate the multivariable OR and 95% CI for associations between UPF and NAFLD with survey weight adjustments.

Results:
The mean UPF intake was 812 g/d in adolescents and 823 g/d in adults. A total of 12.4% of the adolescents and 35.6% of the adults had NAFLD. Higher UPF intake was associated with higher odds of NAFLD in both adolescents (OR Quintile 5 vs. Quartile 1 = 2.34, 95% CI, 1.01, 5.41; p

trend
= 0.15) and adults (OR Quintile 5 vs. Quintile 1 = 1.72, 95% CI, 1.01, 2.93; p

trend
= 0.002). In adults, ~68% and 71% of the association between UPF intake and NAFLD was mediated by body mass index and waist circumference (all p-values < 0.001), respectively. The results were similar for adolescents but not statistically significant. A higher UPF intake was associated with lower levels of serum albumin and higher levels of C-reactive protein in adults.

Conclusions:
Higher UPF intake was linked to higher NAFLD odds in both adolescents and adults, mainly because of elevated body fatness. If confirmed, reducing UPF intake may help prevent NAFLD in both adolescents and adults.