bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fear of letting go and the Ivory Tower of dental educational training
Authors: Brondani Mario , Dawson Aimee‐Brennan , Jessani Abbas , Donnelly Leeann 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIssueClinical training in dental education is complex and happens mostly within a well‐controlled environment such as a university dental clinic where oral health care services are delivered; it is mostly student‐centered. While such training is important, it is also possible to augment and enhance it by training predoctoral dental students outside such a clinic within off‐site community‐based placements using a more person‐centered approach. However, there seems to exist a reluctance in recognizing and utilizing the work produced in these off‐site placements holistically as an integral part of students’ clinical assessment.ApproachCommunity‐based clinical experience adds value to the training of our predoctoral dental students. This perspective describes the benefits of community placements and recognizes their importance in the clinical and professional development of a future graduate. It also presents a way to assess students’ performance that by‐and‐large mirrors that of the university dental clinic while striking a balance between student‐centered education and person‐centered care.ImpactIn this perspective, we argue that the clinical work delivered at a community placement ought to be weighted equitably with the clinical work delivered at a university clinic when assessing students’ competency as a whole. Our message is to keep a balance of student‐centered education and person‐centered care to the benefit of all those involved.
Survey of organ‐derived small extracellular vesicles and particles (sEVPs) to identify selective protein markers in mouse serum
Authors: Abdelmohsen Kotb , Herman Allison B. , Carr Angelica E. , Henry‐Smith Charnae’ A. , Rossi Martina , Meng Qiong , Yang Jen‐Hao , Tsitsipatis Dimitrios , Bangura Alhassan , Munk Rachel , Martindale Jennifer L. , Nogueras‐Ortiz Carlos J. , Hao Jon , Gong Yi , Liu Yie , Cui Chang‐Yi , Hartnell Lisa M. , Price Nathan L. , Ferrucci Luigi , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , de Cabo Rafael , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are secreted by organs across the body into different circulatory systems, including the bloodstream, and reflect pathophysiologic conditions of the organ. However, the heterogeneity of EVPs in the blood makes it challenging to determine their organ of origin. We hypothesized that small (s)EVPs (<100 nm in diameter) in the bloodstream carry distinctive protein signatures associated with each originating organ, and we investigated this possibility by studying the proteomes of sEVPs produced by six major organs (brain, liver, lung, heart, kidney, and fat). We found that each organ contained distinctive sEVP proteins: 68 proteins were preferentially found in brain sEVPs, 194 in liver, 39 in lung, 15 in heart, 29 in kidney, and 33 in fat. Furthermore, we isolated sEVPs from blood and validated the presence of sEVP proteins associated with the brain (DPP6, SYT1, DNM1L), liver (FABPL, ARG1, ASGR1/2), lung (SFPTA), heart (CPT1B), kidney (SLC31), and fat (GDN). We further discovered altered levels of these proteins in serum sEVPs obtained from old mice compared to young mice. In sum, we have cataloged sEVP proteins that can serve as potential biomarkers for organ identification in serum and show differential expression with age.
Acyclic graphs with at least 2ℓ + 1 vertices are ℓ‐recognizable
Authors: Kostochka Alexandr V. , Nahvi Mina , West Douglas B. , Zirlin Dara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe ‐deck of an ‐vertex graph is the multiset of subgraphs obtained from it by deleting vertices. A family of ‐vertex graphs is ‐recognizable if every graph having the same ‐deck as a graph in the family is also in the family. We prove that the family of ‐vertex graphs with no cycles is ‐recognizable when (except for ). As a consequence, the family of ‐vertex trees is ‐recognizable when and . It is known that this fails when .
Development of precision therapies for rare inborn errors of metabolism: Functional investigations in cell culture models
Authors: Didiasova Miroslava , Banning Antje , Tikkanen Ritva 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to the low number of patients, rare genetic diseases are a special challenge for the development of therapies, especially for diseases that result from numerous, patient‐specific pathogenic variants. Precision medicine makes use of various kinds of molecular information about a specific variant, so that the possibilities for an effective therapy based on the molecular features of the variants can be elucidated. The attention to personalized precision therapies has increased among scientists and clinicians, since the “single drug for all patients” approach does not allow the classification of individuals in subgroups according to the differences in the disease genotype or phenotype. This review article summarizes some approaches of personalized precision medicine that can be used for a cost‐effective and fast development of therapies, even for single patients. We have focused on specific examples on inborn errors of metabolism, with special attention on drug repurposing. Furthermore, we provide an overview of cell culture models that are suitable for precision medicine approaches.
The roar of Rancho La Brea? Comparative anatomy of modern and fossil felid hyoid bones
Authors: Deutsch Ashley R. , Brian Langerhans R. , Flores Deanna , Hartstone‐Rose Adam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnimal vocalization is broadly recognized as ecologically and evolutionarily important. In mammals, hyoid elements may influence vocalization repertoires because the hyoid apparatus anchors vocal tissues, and its morphology can be associated with variation in surrounding soft‐tissue vocal anatomy. Thus, fossil hyoid morphology has the potential to shed light on vocalizations in extinct taxa. Yet, we know little about the hyoid morphology of extinct species because hyoid elements are rare in the fossil record. An exception is found in the Rancho La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles, California, where enough hyoids have been preserved to allow for quantitative analyses. The La Brea Tar Pits and Museum houses one of the largest and most diverse collections of carnivore fossils, including hyoid elements from the extinct felids Smilodon fatalis and Panthera atrox. Here, we found that extant members of Felinae (purring cats) and Panthera (roaring cats) showed characteristic differences in hyoid size and shape that suggest possible functional relationships with vocalization. The two extinct taxa had larger and more robust hyoids than extant felids, potentially reflecting the ability to produce lower frequency vocalizations as well as more substantial muscles associated with swallowing and respiration. Based on the shape of the hyoid elements, Panthera atrox resembled roaring cats, while Smilodon fatalis was quite variable and, contrary to suggestions from previous research, more similar overall to purring felids. Thus P. atrox may have roared and S. fatalis may have produced vocalizations similar to extant purring cats but at a lower frequency. Due to the confounding of vocalization repertoire and phylogenetic history in extant Felidae, we cannot distinguish between morphological signals related to vocalization behavior and those related to shared evolutionary history unrelated to vocalization.
Functional role of lacunar and muscular systems in the externa of Peltogasterella gracilis (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala)
Authors: Arbuzova Natalia A. , Lianguzova Anastasia D. , Iliutkin Stanislav A. , Laskova Ekaterina P. , Gafarova Elizaveta R. , Miroliubov Aleksei A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne of the most conspicuous traits of parasitic organisms is a well‐developed reproductive system. In Rhizocephala (“Crustacea”: Cirripedia) it is believed to be nested in the externa—a “reproductive part” located outside of the host. However, it is not clear how nutrients are transported to the externa. Several authors described a system of lacunae in the externa, and muscular contractions probably enable transport through these cavities. The aim of our study was to visualize (using microcomputed tomography and confocal laser scanning microscopy) and describe lacunar and muscular systems in the externa of Peltogasterella gracilis (fam. Peltogasterellidae). The lacunar system consists of “ventral” lacuna and several protrusions. The “ventral” lacuna is probably responsible for visceral mass nutrition, and mantle protrusions are associated with the mantle nutrition. The gross organization of the muscular system mostly corresponds to previous descriptions in other rhizocephalan species. Nonetheless, we observed several features of the externa morphology that had not been described before such as a muscular thickening in the proximal externa's part and a stalk plug disk. The muscular thickening might play a role of a propulsatory organ, helping to transport liquid through the lacunar system. The plug disk might fill the hole in the host's cuticle after the old externa drop off. The results allow us to make first assumptions on transport mechanisms in Rhizocephala.
Unbiased and biased chemometric analysis of LC‐MS data from human urine following coffee intake
Authors: Said Inamullah Hakeem , Truex Johnathan Douglas , Haka Sara , Petrov Dimitar D. , Kuhnert Nikolai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe carried out a human volunteer study with 14 participants, eight of whom were asked to consume one cup of coffee at four different time points. Urine samples were collected at eight time points and analyzed by HPLC‐MS analysis. The LC‐MS data were subjected to unsupervised multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis) followed by supervised multivariate analysis (linear discriminant analysis). In an unbiased approach, in the absence of data preselection and filtering, the most important features explaining differences between coffee consumers and the control group observed showed variations in endogenous human hormonal steroid metabolites as well as xanthine derivatives. Only after a biased data treatment data revealed differences between the sample groups based on literature reported chlorogenic acid metabolites resulting directly from coffee intake. Such analysis could confirm the presence of 21 previously reported chlorogenic acid plasma metabolites as urinary metabolites. The application of tandem MS molecular networking revealed the presence of five bioavailable chlorogenic acid derivatives in urine previously not reported, including both quinic acid lactone and dimethoxy caffeoyl esters. Selected cinnamic acids were quantified in urine.
Compact ACS‐fed frequency reconfigurable octa‐band antenna for wireless portable systems
Authors: Sreelakshmi Koduri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, the design and analysis of a compact octa‐band antenna employing the PIN diode to realize frequency reconfigurable characteristics is presented. The presented antenna is backed by a partial ground plane and printed on top of a 1.53 mm thicker FR4 substrate. The antenna size is very compact (25 mm × 14 mm × 1.53 mm), and can be readily incorporated with many other RF front‐end circuits. The presented antenna consists of a semi‐heptagonal, semi‐hexagonal, inverted L‐shaped, and inverted Z‐shaped monopoles. Depending on the position of the lumped element switch, the presented antenna can operate in eight different frequency modes. The investigated antenna realizes Penta/Triple band characteristics by turning ON/OFF the PIN diode positioned between the inverted L‐shaped monopole and feedline. While in ON state, the investigated antenna covers five unique frequencies 1.82 GHz (DCS/5G NR n70), 2.43 GHz (Bluetooth/RFID), 3.75 GHz (LTE 42–43/5G NR n77/Wi‐MAX), 5.4 GHz (U‐NII‐2A & ‐2B), and 5.84 GHz (U‐NII‐3 & V2X) and in OFF state, the antenna covers three unique frequencies 1.95 GHz (PCS/UMTS/LTE 34–37), 2.59 GHz (LTE 2500 & WLAN 2.4 GHz), 4.71 GHz (5G NR n79 & WLAN 5GHz) for wireless applications. The investigated antenna exhibits excellent impedance bandwidths of 1.69–1.9 GHz (BW = 11.6%), 1.8–2.1 GHz (BW = 15.4%), 2.37–2.56 GHz (BW = 7.7%), 2.4–2.7 GHz (BW = 11.8%), 3.49–4.2 GHz (BW = 18.4%), 4.3–5.55 GHz (BW = 25.4%), 5.2–5.52 GHz (BW = 6%), and 5.78–5.9 GHz (BW = 5.5%) at 1.82/1.95/2.43/2.59/3.75/4.71/5.4, and 5.84 GHz, respectively. The measurements demonstrate that the designed antenna has omnidirectional radiation characteristics with 1.15–4.4 dBi gain. The proposed design's simulated and measured results are compared, and show good agreement.
Interdecadal changes in the interannual variations in spring precipitation over the Tarim Basin
Authors: Xie QianJia , Jia XiaoJing , Chen XinHai , Dong Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe year‐to‐year fluctuation and total amount of spring precipitation over the Tarim Basin (TB) (SPTB) have both significantly increased after 1985. The data are then divided into two subperiods, that is, 1961–1985 (P1) and 1986–2020 (P2), and the contributions from various climate factors, including the North Atlantic and Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs), as well as from Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow, to the interdecadal changes from P1 to P2 are examined. In P1, the SPTB‐related atmospheric circulation anomalies display a zonal wave‐like pattern dominating the middle–high North Atlantic‐Eurasian continent. In contrast, in P2, the SPTB‐related atmospheric circulation anomalies feature a meridional tripole pattern prevailing over the North Atlantic and western Europe. The observational analysis indicates that abnormally low pressure in the north and high pressure in the southwest of the TB are the key atmospheric systems that influence moisture transportation to the Tarim Basin and consequently impact the variability of the SPTB. The anomalous SSTs in the North Atlantic and Indian Ocean play a significant role in inducing changes in the SPTB by regulating the moisture transport pathway in the vicinity of the TB. In P1, the SSTs in both the North Atlantic and the tropical Indian Ocean contribute to the SPTB mainly in the periphery of the TB, while in P2, they contribute to the SPTB in most of the TB. In addition, the snow cover over TP also contributes to the SPTB changes. Distinguished from the effects of oceanic SST, the TP snow primarily influences the variability of the SPTB within the central region of the TP during P1 and around the periphery of the TP during P2.
Elective surgery cancellations due to suboptimal medicine management: a retrospective single site study
Authors: Ziser Kate Elizabeth Doreen , King Jessica Barbara , Alkass Natasha , Dunsdon Jane Elizabeth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundElective surgery cancellations and delays are associated with negative financial and staffing ramifications, adverse clinical outcomes, and poor patient outcomes. The Princess Alexandra Hospital in Brisbane, Australia, performs approximately 15 000 elective surgeries per year and medication optimisation is pivotal in preparing a patient for surgery to avoid same day of surgery theatre cancellations. Ideally, patients are seen in a multidisciplinary pre‐admission clinic for optimisation of their health and medicines, and to provide education regarding their surgery.AimTo calculate the incidence of elective surgery cancellations due to medication misadventure over a 12‐month period.MethodA retrospective audit at a tertiary Queensland Hospital was conducted over a 12‐month period (April 2021–March 2022), including patients who had their elective surgeries cancelled. The medical records from the hospital's digital databases for patients who were identified by the hospital coding service as ‘unfit for surgery’ were screened to see if the reason for the surgery cancellation was due to medication misadventure. The project was reviewed by the Metro South Human Research Ethics Committee and deemed exempt from further review (Ref No: CM20221651).ResultsThe surgery cancellation rate was 50% (n = 6626 cancelled surgeries from 13 255 total surgeries booked). The same day of surgery cancellation rate was 5.5% (n = 734). Medication misadventure resulting from suboptimal medicine management was responsible for 1% (n = 66 out of 6626 surgery cancellations). A total of 41% (n = 27) of patients had their surgery cancelled ahead of time by the pharmacist due to a medication not being withheld for long enough, which prevented a same‐day cancellation.ConclusionHaving a pre‐admission clinic pharmacist improves preoperative medication optimisation and has been proven to avoid same‐day cancellations.
Method for Collecting Single Epithelial Cells from the Mouse Larynx
Authors: Khan Mohammed Imran , Easwaran Meena , Martinez Joshua D. , Kimura Akari , Erickson‐DiRenzo Elizabeth 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThe larynx is lined by specialized epithelial cell populations. Studying molecular changes occurring in individual epithelial cell types requires a reliable method for removing these cells from the larynx. Our objective was to develop a method to harvest individual epithelial cells from the mouse larynx while minimizing contamination from non‐laryngeal sites and non‐epithelial laryngeal cells.MethodsMice were euthanized, and the larynx was carefully exposed and separated from non‐laryngeal sites. A small dental brush was inserted into the laryngeal inlet and rotated to obtain epithelial cells. Cells were transferred to collection media, counted, and cytospin preparations stained for laryngeal epithelial (i.e., Pan‐Keratin, EpCAM, NGFR, p63, K5, β‐tubulin, MUC5AC) and non‐epithelial (i.e., vimentin) cell markers. Histopathology was completed on brushed laryngeal tissue sections to evaluate the depth of cell collection. Preliminary Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was performed to confirm this method can capture diverse laryngeal cell types.ResultsWe collected 6000–8000 cells from a single larynx and 35000–40000 cells from combining brushings from three tissues. Histopathology demonstrated brushing removed the epithelial layer of the larynx and some underlying tissue. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the phenotype of harvested cells was primarily epithelial. Preliminary scRNA‐seq was successfully conducted and displayed nine unique cell clusters.ConclusionWe developed a reliable method of harvesting individual epithelial cells from the mouse larynx. This method will be useful for collection of laryngeal cells for a variety of downstream cellular and molecular assays, including scRNA‐seq, protein analyses, and cell‐culture‐based experiments, following laryngeal injury.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:786–794, 2024
Bilateral Functional Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Presbyphonia in a Sheep Model
Authors: Kirsch Andrijana , Gerstenberger Claus , Jakubaß Bernhard , Tschernitz Magdalena , Perkins Justin D. , Groselj‐Strele Andrea , Lanmüller Hermann , Jarvis Jonathan C. , Kniesburges Stefan , Döllinger Michael , Gugatschka Markus 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to increase muscle volume and improve phonation characteristics of the aged ovine larynx by functional electrical stimulation (FES) using a minimally invasive surgical procedure.MethodsStimulation electrodes were placed bilaterally near the terminal adduction branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN). The electrodes were connected to battery powered pulse generators implanted subcutaneously at the neck region. Training patterns were programmed by an external programmer using a bidirectional radio frequency link. Training sessions were repeated automatically by the implant every other day for 1 week followed by every day for 8 weeks in the awake animal. Another group of animals were used as sham, with electrodes positioned but not connected to an implant. Outcome parameters included gene expression analysis, histological assessment of muscle fiber size, functional analysis, and volumetric measurements based on three‐dimensional reconstructions of the entire thyroarytenoid muscle (TAM).ResultsIncrease in minimal muscle fiber diameter and an improvement in vocal efficiency were observed following FES, compared with sham animals.ConclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate beneficial effects in the TAM of FES at molecular, histological, and functional levels. FES of the terminal branches of the RLN reversed the effects of age‐related changes and improved vocal efficiency.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:848–854, 2024
Grazing regulates soil N cycling of annual pastures by enhancing soil N turnover in arid climate condition
Authors: Guo Yarong , Ning Jiao , Lou Shanning , Zhang Cheng , Zhu Wanhe , Hou Fujiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNitrogen is the second limited factor in arid regions. Little information is available on soil N cycling and availability under grazing in arid regions, which is required to evaluate land‐use management with respect to soil N availability and dynamics. In 2011, we established a rotational grazing field experiment in arid grassland. We conducted experiments to explore the effects of herbivores grazing on soil net N mineralization and N processes via changes in soil temperature, moisture, pH, and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in 2016 and 2017. Our results showed that grazing did not alter soil N mineralization because higher soil moisture and soil MBN under grazing had positive and negative effects on soil N mineralization, thereby balancing soil N mineralization. Plant N uptake at the grazing plots was, nevertheless, 23% higher than that at the non‐grazing plots. These demonstrated that grazing potentially improved soil inorganic N availability and alleviated soil N limitation in arid regions. Soil nitrification was main pathway of N transformation in arid regions. Grazing improved soil accumulation of NO3− content, resulting in environmental problems (such as N2O emission and N leaching); however, grazing had a little effect (~15% increase) on soil N leaching and (~7% decrease) on N2O emission. These N processes reflect important mechanisms of resilience and ecosystem stability under grazing in an N‐limited environment. Our results provide an important perspective for grassland management, aiming to maintain soil N supplying capacity in annual pasture sustainably. Overall, our study suggests that grazing is an effective management practice for the sustainable usage of local grasslands, as it improves soil physicochemical and biological properties, which, in turn, increases N supply.
New concept of permafrost degradation monitoring based on photonics technologies: Case study from Calypsostranda (Bellsund, Svalbard)
Authors: Zagórski Piotr , Dobrowolski Radosław , Paździor Adam , Nasiłowski Tomasz , Kultys Kamil , Misztal Kamil , Piątek Paweł , Lis Daniel , Polakowski Cezary , Łukowski Mateusz , Berus Wojciech , Mergo Paweł , Bieganowski Andrzej 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGround temperature measurements are crucial for a better understanding of changes in the natural environment, especially in the Arctic. Previous measurement systems provided accurate measurements; however, their most significant disadvantage was the relatively low spatial resolution, including in the vertical profile. The aim of this work was to develop and initially validate a new, original temperature measurement system based on the photonic sensing technique of optical frequency‐domain reflectometry (OFDR). The system consists of a fibre‐optic sensor, an interrogator, and an automatic data acquisition system. Such fibre‐optic sensors allow a significant increase in spatial resolution. Data on precise temperature distribution in the ground profile will allow for a detailed determination of the changes in the thickness of the permafrost active layer (PAL) and, as a consequence, a better description of the current state of the permafrost and the layers above it in relation to their progressive degradation. In the longer term, it will make a better prediction of the pace of possible changes in the polar environment and will open up previously unavailable opportunities in the field of climate change monitoring and forecasting.