bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineralizing activity of periodontal bone tissue of rats with experimental diabetes
Authors: Levitsky A. , Selivanskaya I. , Tishchenko T. , Stupak O. 
Published: August 2023

Background. To determine the effect of diabetes on the state of periodontal bone tissue.
Methods. In rats, diabetes mellitus of the first type (DM1) was reproduced with the help of alloxan and diabetes mellitus of the second type (DM2) with the help of protamine. The activity of alkaline (ALP) and acid (ACP) phosphatases, calcium content, protein and elastase activity were determined in periodontal bone tissue. The level of biochemical markers of inflammation and protective systems was determined in the blood serum and in the gums. The mineralizing activity of bone tissue was determined by the ALP/ACP ratio.
Results. It was established that the mineralizing activity of periodontal bones is significantly higher in males and increases with age. The reproduction of DM1 and DM2 in rats caused a significant decrease in the mineralizing activity of periodontal bone tissue and insignificant changes in the level of calcium and protein. In rats with diabetes, an inflammatory process develops in the gums (increase in the level of elastase) against the background of a decrease in the level of markers of protective systems (catalase and lysozyme).
Conclusion. A decrease in the level of mineralizing activity of periodontal bone tissue under conditions of diabetes can be the reason for the development of diabetic periodontitis.
A Survey of Community Nurses' Knowledge and Strategies Used to Relieve Breathlessness in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Curran Julie , Elliott Rosalind , Fry Margaret 
Published: August 2023

Background: Little is known about community nurses’ knowledge of breathlessness and its management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim: To explore the community registered nurses’ knowledge of COPD and the strategies that they use to manage breathlessness in people with COPD. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study of community registered nurses was conducted using the 65-item Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire and an open-ended item to outline breathlessness strategies. Findings: A total of 59 nurses participated. The total mean Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire Score was 43. The breathlessness category was the lowest scoring category. There were three themes that synthesised: the community nurse’s role in monitoring self-management of medications to relieve breathlessness; the use of non-pharmacological strategies to relieve breathlessness; the nursing skills used to monitor breathlessness in people with COPD.
Five-year mortality after traumatic central cord syndrome in Wales
Authors: Stanley Alexandra L. , Jones Tyler J. , Dasic Davor , Kakarla Siva , Kolli Sridhar , Shanbhag Swaroop , McCarthy Michael J. H. 
Published: August 2023

AimsTraumatic central cord syndrome (CCS) typically follows a hyperextension injury and results in motor impairment affecting the upper limbs more than the lower, with occasional sensory impairment and urinary retention. Current evidence on mortality and long-term outcomes is limited. The primary aim of this study was to assess the five-year mortality of CCS, and to determine any difference in mortality between management groups or age.MethodsPatients aged ≥ 18 years with a traumatic CCS between January 2012 and December 2017 in Wales were identified. Patient demographics and data about injury, management, and outcome were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to assess mortality and between-group differences.ResultsA total of 65 patients were identified (66.2% male (n = 43), mean age 63.9 years (SD 15.9)). At a minimum of five years’ follow-up, 32.3% of CCS patients (n = 21) had died, of whom six (9.2%) had died within 31 days of their injury. Overall, 69.2% of patients (n = 45) had been managed conservatively. There was no significant difference in age between conservatively and surgically managed patients (p = 0.062). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant difference in mortality between patients managed conservatively and those managed surgically (p = 0.819). However, there was a significant difference in mortality between the different age groups (< 50 years vs 50 to 70 years vs > 70 years; p = 0.001). At five years’ follow-up, 55.6% of the patient group aged > 70 years at time of injury had died (n = 15). Respiratory failure was the most common cause of death (n = 9; 42.9%).ConclusionAlmost one-third of patients with a traumatic CCS in Wales had died within five years of their injury. The type of management did not significantly affect mortality but their age at the time of injury did. Further work to assess the long-term functional outcomes of surviving patients is needed to generate more reliable prognostic information.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):920–927.
Long-term implant survival following hemiarthroplasty for fractured neck of femur
Authors: Tyas Ben , Marsh Martin , de Steiger Richard , Lorimer Michelle , Petheram Timothy G. , Inman Dominic S. , Reed Mike R. , Jameson Simon S. 
Published: August 2023

AimsSeveral different designs of hemiarthroplasty are used to treat intracapsular fractures of the proximal femur, with large variations in costs. No clinical benefit of modular over monoblock designs has been reported in the literature. Long-term data are lacking. The aim of this study was to report the ten-year implant survival of commonly used designs of hemiarthroplasty.MethodsPatients recorded by the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) between 1 September 1999 and 31 December 2020 who underwent hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of a hip fracture with the following implants were included: a cemented monoblock Exeter Trauma Stem (ETS), cemented Exeter V40 with a bipolar head, a monoblock Thompsons prosthesis (Cobalt/Chromium or Titanium), and an Exeter V40 with a Unitrax head. Overall and age-defined cumulative revision rates were compared over the ten years following surgery.ResultsA total of 41,949 hemiarthroplasties were included. Exeter V40 with a Unitrax head was the most commonly used (n = 20,707, 49.4%). The overall rate of revision was small. A total of 28,201 patients (67.2%) were aged > 80 years. There were no significant differences in revision rates across all designs of hemiarthroplasty in patients of this age at any time. The revision rates for all designs were < 3.5%, three years postoperatively. At subsequent times the ETS and Exeter V40 with a bipolar head performed well in all age groups. The unadjusted ten-year mortality rate for the whole cohort was 82.2%.ConclusionThere was no difference in implant survival between all the designs of hemiarthroplasty in the first three years following surgery, supporting the selection of a cost-effective design of hemiarthroplasty for most patients with an intracapsular fracture of the hip, as determined by local availability and costs. Beyond this, the ETS and Exeter bipolar designs performed well in all age groups.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):864–871.
How common are refractures in childhood?
Authors: Amilon Sofia , Bergdahl Carl , Fridh Ebba , Backteman Torsten , Ekelund Jan , Wennergren David 
Published: August 2023

AimsThe aim of this study was to describe the incidence of refractures among children, following fractures of all long bones, and to identify when the risk of refracture decreases.MethodsAll patients aged under 16 years with a fracture that had occurred in a bone with ongoing growth (open physis) from 1 May 2015 to 31 December 2020 were retrieved from the Swedish Fracture Register. A new fracture in the same segment within one year of the primary fracture was regarded as a refracture. Fracture localization, sex, lateral distribution, and time from primary fracture to refracture were analyzed for all long bones.ResultsOf 40,090 primary fractures, 348 children (0.88%) sustained a refracture in the same long bone segment. The diaphyseal forearm was the long bone segment most commonly affected by refractures (n = 140; 3.4%). The median time to refracture was 147 days (interquartile range 82 to 253) in all segments of the long bones combined. The majority of the refractures occurred in boys (n = 236; 67%), and the left side was the most common side to refracture (n = 220; 62%). The data in this study suggest that the risk of refracture decreases after 180 days in the diaphyseal forearm, after 90 days in the distal forearm, and after 135 days in the diaphyseal tibia.ConclusionRefractures in children are rare. However, different fractured segments run a different threat of refracture, with the highest risk associated with diaphyseal forearm fractures. The data in this study imply that children who have sustained a distal forearm fracture should avoid hazardous activities for three months, while children with a diaphyseal forearm fracture should avoid these activities for six months, and for four and a half months if they have sustained a diaphyseal tibia fracture.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):928–934.
Pregnancy, parenthood, and fertility in the orthopaedic surgeon
Authors: Morgan Catrin , Li Lily , Kasetti Pragna R. , Varma Ria , Liddle Alexander D. 
Published: August 2023

AimsAs an increasing number of female surgeons are choosing orthopaedics, it is important to recognize the impact of pregnancy within this cohort. The aim of this review was to examine common themes and data surrounding pregnancy, parenthood, and fertility within orthopaedics.MethodsA systematic review was conducted by searching Medline, Emcare, Embase, PsycINFO, OrthoSearch, and the Cochrane Library in November 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis were adhered to. Original research papers that focused on pregnancy and/or parenthood within orthopaedic surgery were included for review.ResultsOf 1,205 papers, 19 met the inclusion criteria. Our results found that orthopaedic surgeons have higher reported rates of obstetric complications, congenital abnormalities, and infertility compared to the general population. They were noted to have children at a later age and voluntarily delayed childbearing. Negative perceptions of pregnancy from fellow trainees and programme directors were identified.ConclusionFemale orthopaedic surgeons have high rates of obstetric complications and infertility. Negative perceptions surrounding pregnancy can lead to orthopaedic surgeons voluntarily delaying childbearing. There is a need for a pregnancy-positive culture shift combined with formalized guidelines and female mentorship to create a more supportive environment for pregnancy within orthopaedic surgery.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):857–863.
Monoblock tapered stems in management of UCS B2 and B3 periprosthetic fractures in revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Thomas Jeremiah , Shichman Ittai , Ohanisian Levonti , Stoops T. K. , Lawrence Kyle W. , Ashkenazi Itay , Watson David T. , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: August 2023

AimsUnited Classification System (UCS) B2 and B3 periprosthetic fractures in total hip arthroplasties (THAs) have been commonly managed with modular tapered stems. No study has evaluated the use of monoblock fluted tapered titanium stems for this indication. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a monoblock stems on implant survivorship, postoperative outcomes, radiological outcomes, and osseointegration following treatment of THA UCS B2 and B3 periprosthetic fractures.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of all patients who underwent revision THA (rTHA) for periprosthetic UCS B2 and B3 periprosthetic fracture who received a single design monoblock fluted tapered titanium stem at two large, tertiary care, academic hospitals. A total of 72 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria (68 UCS B2, and four UCS B3 fractures). Primary outcomes of interest were radiological stem subsidence (> 5 mm), radiological osseointegration, and fracture union. Sub-analysis was also done for 46 patients with minimum one-year follow-up.ResultsFor the total cohort, stem osseointegration, fracture union, and stem subsidence were 98.6%, 98.6%, and 6.9%, respectively, at latest follow-up (mean follow-up 27.0 months (SD 22.4)). For patients with minimum one-year of follow-up, stem osseointegration, fracture union, and stem subsidence were 97.8%, 97.8%, and 6.5%, respectively.ConclusionMonoblock fluted stems can be an acceptable modality for the management of UCS B2 periprosthetic fractures in rTHAs due to high rates of stem osseointegration and survival, and the low rates of stem subsidence, and revision. Further research on the use of this stem for UCS B3 periprosthetic fractures is warranted to determine if the same conclusion can be made for this fracture pattern.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(8):551–558.
Tanty feminisms
Authors: Persadie Ryan 
Published: August 2023

A geneaology of Caribbean feminism is a geneaology of tanty feminisms. Occupying numerous articulations throughout the history of the Caribbean region and its diasporas, the figure of the ‘tanty’, or ‘aunty’ as they are known in non-Caribbean contexts, and the consequential amital social relations they produce have been indispensable to contemporary discourses and practices of Caribbean feminist thought and praxis. The tanty cannot be read as indebted to a singular person, figure or monolithic legacy but operates as a fluid and transnational force of Caribbean feminist knowing that instructs us through non-normative embodied transgressions, and pedagogies of free up. Yet, despite their presence of vital integrity to Caribbean popular culture, community organizing, history, politics and literature, discussions of the politics and pedagogies of tantyhood remain underrepresented in scholarly Caribbean feminist literatures.In this article, I reflect upon my creative practice as a drag artist and self-proclaimed tanty in an annual digital photography series I have produced over the last three years entitled ‘Coolieween’. In this work, I reference Indo-/Caribbean folklore and mythologies, and stories of horror, the grotesque and the paranormal as entangled with queer affects, embodiments and aesthetics. Drag artistry, which, like tantyhood, agitates the invisible boundaries of neo-colonial gender, racial and sexual binaries, provides a critical feminist terrain to metaphorize the institutional crossings of pain and pleasure held within historical and contemporary ontologies of Indo-Caribbeanness. Investigating the pedagogy of this crossing is central to understanding, as well as critiquing, long-standing attachments of pain, injury, pathologization and trauma that have been commonly scripted to Indo-Caribbean subjectivities, often in reference to genealogies of kala pani poetics and other diaspora narratives that have sutured ideas of Indo-Caribbeanness as always-already broken, fragmented and dislocated. In this article, I instead centre paradigms of erotics and pleasure as a transformative medium to turn our optics towards transformative reconfigurations of Indo-Caribbean feminist selfhoods. As I argue here, by thinking with and through tanty feminisms, we are provided with intergenerational and transnational languages of unsettling logic that continually instruct us through everyday modalities of Indo-Caribbean feminist living and being.
Reconfigurable AWGR based on LNOI with a tunable central wavelength and bandwidth used in elastic optical networking
Authors: Wu Qian , Ji Wei , Yin Rui , Wang Yuqian , Gao Shiwei , Xue Xuwei 
Published: August 2023

Elastic optical networking introduces elasticity and adaptation into the optical domain, which highly depends on reconfigurable optical devices. In this paper, a tunable 4×4 arrayed waveguide grating router based on lithium niobate on insulator is designed. By using the electro-optic effect of lithium niobate, we design electrode regions with specific shapes in the array waveguide region to realize the tuning of the routing wavelength and bandwidth of the third output channel. The designed arrayed waveguide grating router (AWGR) has a dense channel spacing of 0.8 nm, and the minimum insertion loss is 2.3 dB. Experiments show that the tuning range of the central wavelength can reach 3.2 nm, and the 3 dB bandwidth can be expanded from 0.2 to 0.6 nm.
Individual and community-level determinants of skilled birth attendant delivery in Ethiopia; multilevel analysis
Authors: Ayalew Hiwotie Getaneh , Assefa Kibir Temesgen , Desalegn Selam Yibeltal , Mesele Tiruye Tilahun , Anteneh Tazeb Alemu , Tibebu Nebiyu Solomon , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Skilled birth attendant (SBA) delivery is defined as assisting birth by a trained healthcare provider, which is vital for the health of mothers and newborns. Improving maternal health is one of the world health organization’s (WHO) key priorities and skilled birth attendant delivery is one of the four pillars of the initiative for safe motherhood to reduce maternal mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the individual and community-level factors associated with SBA delivery in Ethiopia.

Method
A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2019 Mini Ethiopian demographic and health survey. A total of 5,527 (weighted) live births were included in the analysis. A multi-level logistic regression model was fitted using Stata 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors associated with SBA delivery. Finally, AOR with 95% CI and random effects were reported.

Result
In this study after fitting a multilevel model, women with poor (AOR = 0.44 95%CI 0.32–0.61) and middle wealth index (AOR = 0.64;95% CI 0.46–0.87), multipara (AOR = 0.39;95% CI 0.28–0.55) and grand multipara (AOR = 0.46;95% CI 0.29–0.72), women from rural areas (AOR = 0.34;95% CI 0.16–0.72) and high community poverty level (AOR = 0.40;95% CI 0.21–0.76) had decreased odds of having SBA delivery. Whereas those who initiated Antenatal care (ANC) visits in the first trimester (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.52–4.65) and second trimester (AOR = 1.87:95%CI 1.09–3.20) had increased odds of having SBA delivery in Ethiopia.

Conclusion
In this study socioeconomic factors like wealth index, parity, the timing of ANC visits, place of residency, and community poverty level were significantly associated with SBA delivery. Therefore, it is better to increase timely ANC initiation particularly for women with low levels of income to improve skilled birth attendant delivery.
Adaptation for Screenwriters, Robert Edgar and John Marland (2019)
Authors: Holland Peyton 
Published: August 2023

Review of: Adaptation for Screenwriters, Robert Edgar and John Marland (2019)
New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 275 pp.,
ISBN: 1350036676 (pbk), $26.95, ISBN: 1350036673 (ebk), $24.25
Post-Fordist Cinema: Hollywood Auteurs and the Corporate Counterculture, Jeff Menne (2019)
Authors: Wells Logan 
Published: August 2023

Review of: Post-Fordist Cinema: Hollywood Auteurs and the Corporate Counterculture, Jeff Menne (2019)
New York: Columbia University Press, 272 pp.,
ISBN: 9780231183710 (pbk), $32.00, ISBN: 9780231183703 (hbk), $105.00, ISBN: 9780231545082 (ebk), $31.99
Beasts of No Nation Asks, Can War Be Beautiful?
Authors: Clark Cole 
Published: August 2023

Review of: Beasts of No Nation Asks, Can War Be Beautiful?

Beasts of No Nation (2015)
USA
Director Cary Joji Fukunaga
Runtime 138 minutes
Blu-ray
USA, 2021
Distributed by The Criterion Collection
(region A/1)
Drawing a Demarcation Line between Two Overlapping Colloquial Elements
Authors: Fattah Bikhtiyar O. , Salih Salah M. 
Published: August 2023

The overlap between idioms and clichés is one of the problematic meaning issues. This overlap can simply be detected in online as well as academic sources. The existence of the overlap between idioms and clichés springs from the absence of a model that can work out some demarcation boundary between them. The present study aims at drawing a demarcation line between these two essential colloquial elements by resorting to linguistic features, contextual functions, nature of community of practice based on interlocutors’ relationship, and the degree of informality to fulfill this purpose. This study makes use of a qualitative approach to carry out the process of analysis based on a model designed to assist the procedures of determining the features of each element. With reference to data, the analysed idioms and clichés have been extracted from 20 discourses (10 written texts and 10 recorded interactions) of 10 different topics.
The most significant concluding points come in three angles: structure (an idiom is mostly a part of a meaningful statement, whereas a cliché is mostly a full meaningful statement by itself); function (idioms are usually used for three different purposes: emphasis, creativity, and persuasiveness, whereas clichés are used either to simplify the idea or to state an idea without exerting any effort by making use of overused statements and common ritualized expressions); and formality ( Idioms are detected in less informal discourses compared to clichés).
A Compendium of Official Correspondence from Seleucid Uruk
Authors: Monerie Julien , Clancier Philippe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractYOS 20, 87 is a scholarly cuneiform tablet from Hellenistic Uruk. The study of its unusual content shows that it is an Akkadian translation of a collection of Greek official documents issued by the Seleucid administration in the first quarter of the third century BC, concerning the rebuilding of the Bīt Rēš, the main sanctuary of Uruk at the time. These works, which had been recognized on the ground by archaeologists a long time ago, remained unattested until now in the textual records. YOS 20, 87 therefore significantly enhances our understanding of the temple’s history and provides a valuable addition to the dossier of Seleucid euergetic policy in Babylonia.
Stories from a Dusty Basement: A Conversation with Richard Conyngham on All Rise: Resistance and Rebellion in South Africa (1910–1948) – A Graphic History
Authors: Etges Andreas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
While the story of apartheid in South Africa is quite well known, the pre-apartheid “Union years” have been much less researched. All Rise: Resistance and Rebellion in South Africa (1910–1948) – A Graphic History brings six stories from that period to life. In this conversation with International Public History, Richard Conyngham reflects on the primary research that began in a dusty court archive, the creative process involved in writing and illustrating the six stories together with seven South African graphic artists, the enduring relevance of the stories, and the graphic history medium.