bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Economic Adjustment Programmes for Debt Crises Implemented in the Southern European Union Countries
Authors: Zoumpoulidis V , Simitsis G , Bilmpili V 
Published: September 2023

This article addresses the effectiveness of the economic adjustment programmes for debt crises implemented in the southern European Union countries, a rather contemporary, as well as disputable, issue. All South-European countries that faced a debt crisis had already adopted the European single currency – Euro. Our literature review depicts contemporary research work on debt crises, their economic and social implications either generally or, more relative to our work, South-European-country specific. Our research work is based on a wide range of statistical indices, in an effort to appreciate the effectiveness of the economic adjustment programmes, holistically. The countries addressed were Greece, Portugal, Spain and Cyprus. The applied statistical indices were grouped in six pillars that are considered to be essential to social prosperity. These pillars are financial prosperity, employment, healthcare, education, governance and entrepreneurship. All data were eventually incorporated in a single index, namely `Social Prosperity Index', in an attempt to attain a holistic view on the effectiveness of these programmes. This approach contradicts the mainstream approach of pure financially oriented assessments. Portugal scores first in this appraisal – not only fully recovering but even improving social prosperity standards for its citizens – followed closely by Spain and Cyprus. Greece recorded the worst classification, albeit the index is recovering to pro-crisis levels. Our empirical results suggest that these programmes had a significant impact on the countries that were implemented. In solely financial terms, the programmes proved to be quite effective for all countries. However, their effectiveness is rather questionable if we take into consideration all pillars of social prosperity. The most problematic pillar is employment, which challenges governments and especially their citizens. European and sovereign policies must urgently address employment problems, whereas economists are already talking about a `lost generation'.

Keywords: sovereign debt crisis, Euro, social prosperity, economic adjustment programmes, South Europe
Financial Analysis as a Measure of Risk Management in Croatia’s Hotel Industry
Authors: Karanović G , Karanović B , Štambuk A 
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this article is to examine the relative financial performance of the Croatian hotel industry and identify recent trends by combining fundamental financial analysis, descriptive statistics and trend analysis as measures of risk management. Based on the data aggregated from the Croatian Financial Agency (FINA) for the period of 2007-2017, cumulative financial statements are generated for the entire hotel industry. The findings of ratio analysis reveal that although hotel companies have experienced strong growth in real estate investments and capital reserves accumulation during the period, the overall hotel industry in Croatia is nevertheless highly leveraged, operationally inefficient, unprofitable and plagued with liquidity problems. Most of these issues can be attributed to the unfinished transition of select hotel companies to a free market economy. The study’s results are relevant both for the scientific and the professional field, as empirical analyses of financial performance of the domestic hotel industry have been scarce to date. In that respect, this has been a first study of its sort conducted for the hotel industry in Croatia which addresses the lack of existing literature and is expected to provoke similar studies in the future.

Keywords: risk management, fundamental analysis, ratio analysis, hotels, Croatia
Farmers’ Attitudes Toward Recycled Water Use in Irrigated Agriculture
Authors: Lazaridou D , Michailidis A , Trigkas M 
Published: September 2023

This study aims to investigate whether farmers are willing to use recycled water for irrigation purposes. It attempts to analyze the attitudinal, socio-demographics and environmental factors that affect a potential user’s acceptance for wastewater reuse. A primary research designed in order to elicit farmers’ preferences and a statistical analysis applied to analyze the relationships among the variables influence their attitudes. The results were obtained from data collected through 302 questionnaires that were answered by the farmers in Nestos catchment, Greece. The research findings might usefully assist policy-makers and planners in the implementation of strategy in water management sector. Farmers’ awareness about the recycling water and their level of acceptance to use it might constitute incoming parameters, on which the decisions in agriculture water planning could be based. Moreover, the identification of factors influencing stakeholders’ acceptance provide the underpinnings for success in any recycling project.

Keywords: public perceptions, behavior analysis, water recycling, integrated water resources management, agriculture water management
Jinekologlarda işe bağlı kas-iskelet hastalıkları ve ergonomi
Authors: TURAN Hasan , AŞKIN TURAN Suna , VURAL Nazlı Aylin , GÖZÜKARA Melih Gaffar , ÇETİNKAYA Nilüfer 
Published: September 2023

Amaç: İşe bağlı kas-iskelet hastalıkları (İBKİH), jinekologlarda sık görülen halk sağlığı sorunudur. Ulusal anket çalışmasında Turkiye’deki jinekologlarda İBKİH ve ağrı sıklığı ve prediktif faktörleri araştırılarak bunun jinekologların aile, sosyal ve iş hayatı üzerine etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Prospektif tanımlayıcı anket çalışmasına Turkiye’de 500 yataktan fazla kapasitesi olan üçüncü basamak hastanelerinde çalışan ve en az 2 yıllık uzman olan jinekologlar çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 390 jinekoloji uzmanının 286’sı (131 kadın) çalışmayı tamamladı.Ağrı lokalizasyon sıklıkları sırasıyla şöyledir: %49,3 boyun, %49,3 % sırt, %44,4 bel, %43,49 omuz, %34,8 el/ el parmakları, %26,8 diz, %21,9 el bileği, %17,3 kalça, %17,8 ayak ve %11,2 başparmak. %11,2 başparmak. Katılımcıların %58,7’sinde en az bir İBKİH tanısı mevcuttu. Kadın cinsiyeti sırt ağrısı (: 3.546 (%95 confidence interval (CI), 1.304-9.645; p=0.013) ve en az iki bölgede ağrı riskini (: 3.847; CI:1.241-11.928; p=0.020) üç kat arttırmakta idi. Sol el hakimiyeti olan jinekologlarda dirsek (:11.360, CI: 2.721-47.422; p=0.001), kalça (:1.155, CI: 1.004-1.283; p=0.045)ve en az iki bölgede ağrı riski (:6.786, CI: 1.246-36.967, p=0.027) artmaktaydı. Haftalık egzersiz saati arttıkça sırt ağrısı ve en az iki bölgede ağrı sıklığı azalmaktaydı. (:1.198, CI:1.005-1.355, p=0.013; :1.286, CI: 1.088-1.441, p=0.007).
Sonuç: Jinekologların yaşam kalitesi, iş hayatı ve geliri iş hayatına bağlı kas iskelet hastalıklarından etkilenmektedir. Bu konuda farkındalık ve korunmak için yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
PROSES ASSOCIATION RULE UNTUK MENGETAHUI KECENDERUNGAN BELANJA PADA KOPMA UNJ MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA APRIORI DAN ECLAT
Authors: Nurul Nisa Habibah  , Widodo  , Bambang Prasetya Adhi  
Published: September 2023

KOPMA UNJ merupakan wadah bagi mahasiswa UNJ yang ingin mempelajari usaha dengan asas koperasi. KOPMA UNJ yang memiliki usaha cukup banyak namun belum mampu mengolah data transaksi yang cukup besar untuk mengetahui aturan keranjang belanja atau aturan asosiasi belanjaan yang dibeli oleh pelanggan. Hal inilah yang melatarbelakangi penelitian dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil analisis proses association rule untuk menentukan kecenderungan belanja pada KOPMA UNJ. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen laboratorium dengan teknik Association Rule menggunakan algoritma apriori dan eclat. Data yang digunakan adalah data transaksi KOPMA UNJ yang terletak di gedung P, Kampus A. Algoritma dengan nilai confidence besar dan running time yang kecil dianggap baik dalam membentuk association rule. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini yaitu pelanggan KOPMA UNJ dengan nilai confidence 1,0 pasti membeli air mineral baik aqua 600 ml maupun ades 600 ml dan menggunakan jasa print logo jika menggunakan jasa jilid dengan nilai confidence 0,534. Selain itu dalam sisi kinerja dihasilkan bahwa algoritma eclat lebih cepat yaitu kurang dari 1 sekon dibanding algoritma apriori yang membutuhkan waktu lebih dari 34 sekon dan lebih baik dalam membentuk aturan asosiasi.
Evaluation Of Hydraulic Fracture Performance in a Complex Stress Environment in Pakistan
Authors: Shaoul J. , Boucher A. , Park J. , Tkachuk I. , Makos M. , Gorniak M. , Wahab I. , Akhtar J. , Hussain M. , Koprianiuk M. , Sirati M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Propped fracture stimulation of gas wells has a long history of both successes and failures in Pakistan. The operator is actively developing tight gas reservoirs which include the Cretaceous Pab Formation. In recent years, this field has been subjected to an intense drilling and stimulation program with the objective to increase gas production from the tight Pab sandstone. One significant issue is the highly complex geo-mechanical situation, due to strike-slip stress regime which leads to very high fracturing pressures and the potential for fracture growth both vertically and horizontally. This paper is a case study of the evolution of propped fracturing strategy in an existing gas field, looking in detail at 4 wells that have been stimulated over the last seven years. In addition to analyzing the fracture treatment data, the pre- and post-frac welltest and long-term production data are also analyzed to better understand the fracture performance and the issues that affect post-fracture performance in a reservoir with such high stresses and normal (or depleted) reservoir pressure.
The analysis uses an integrated approach, with history matching of both the fracture treatment data and the pre- and post-frac welltests and long-term production. The basis of the integrated approach is a reservoir description with one set of permeabilities that is used for both types of analysis, to ensure that the fracture analysis results and reservoir simulation results are consistent with each other.
The fracture treatments in these four wells all share a pattern of very high closure stress gradients (close to overburden gradient), low fluid efficiency and a significant risk of screenout. Post-fracture production is close to expectation in most of the wells, although there are issues with the initial post-frac performance during the cleanup period, consistent with the effect of multi-phase non-Darcy flow. Resin Coated Proppant (RCP) was used in two of the wells, and may have had a negative effect on the initial production (choke or mechanical skin effect) as described in a previous publication by the authors (Shaoul, 2020). Two of the wells were vertical and two were deviated, which also has an effect on the post-fracture performance.
There are very few published case studies of propped fracture stimulation from Pakistan, which has a unique and difficult geo-mechanical situation. This paper also compares the hydraulic fracturing results in Pakistan with a few other locations around the world where similar behavior has been seen, to give a better understanding of what can be done to improve hydraulic fracturing in these difficult reservoirs, either by trying to prevent some problems that can be avoided and by accepting that some problems are inherent in such a reservoir can only be partially mitigated by changing fracture design style and fracture design goals.
Study on Fracture Propagation Simulation with the Integrated Natural Fracture and Geomechanical Model
Authors: Xie Lei , Fu Lei , Li Junfei , Cai Guoqing , Chen Jing , Zhang Chunguang , Chen Liteng , Xu Gang , Zhong Yang , Zhang Jianguo , Wang Zhenpeng , Peng Shaoyun , Huang Xingning , Teng Tao. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydraulic fracturing technology is widely used in the oil and gas extraction industry. However, the mechanical mechanisms of fracture extension and penetration under fracturing conditions are not clear so far. On this basis, indoor tests on the evolution of hydraulic fracture extension and activation of bedding planer facets in rock specimens were conducted to analyze and explore the mechanical mechanisms statistically. The experimental results show that the observed micro-cracking in the rock specimen sections at the microscopic scale is not due to macroscopic fluid pressure, as compressive stresses are found at the micro-crack opening in the tests. In contrast, the micro-cracks are generated by the concentration of tensile stresses before extensional fracture, implying that bedding plane activation is caused by crack extension along the bedding plane. Furthermore, statistical analysis of micro-crack lengths shows that the rocks exhibit anisotropy in fracture toughness and that the crack propagation resistance perpendicular to the bedding plane is as much as two times greater than that parallel to the bedding plane.
The Evolution of Fracture Surface Parameters in Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoirs Employing Chelating Agents as Acid Fracturing Fluids
Authors: Al-Abdrabalnabi Ridha , Aljawad Murtada Saleh , Al Ramadan Mustafa , Khan Hasan J. , Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Acid fracturing is one technique for increasing carbonate formation productivity. The injection of acid causes dissolution along the fracture, which results in conductivity. The success of the acid fracturing process is influenced by several factors, including acid type, acid concentration, formation type, and contact time. Many fluids have been examined for their ability to maintain conductivity, beginning with strong acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and progressing to weak acids such as organic acids. The main issues with HCl are its rapid and strong reactions, as well as its ability to corrode wellbore tubular.
This research investigated the impact of chelating agents such as GLDA and DTPA on acid fracturing stimulation to maintain fracture conductivity in heterogeneous carbonate formations formed of calcite and dolomite. At reservoir temperature, chelating agents are less reactive than HCl and do not require a corrosion inhibitor. the image illustrations were observed using a laser profilometer prior to and after acid treatment. The fracture conductivity was measured before and after acid etching with a core-flooding system at various flow rates and closure stresses.
The results show that chelating agents improved fracture conductivity sufficiently when compared to HCl for layered carbonate formation. Remarkably, DTPA softened the rock and made change in surface roughness more than GLDA, while GLDA improved fracture conductivity more than the other one. the reason behind this is that DTPA smashed the fracture surface uniformly in some areas instead of generating channels like HCl and GLDA, resulting in a non-significant improvement in fracture conductivity when compared to the other two acids.
For the first time, chelating agents were investigated and tested as acid fracturing fluids on heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs to generate sustainable conductivity.
First Successful Hydraulic Fracture Treatment Offshore Abu Dhabi – Implementation of Pseudo-Stable Fracturing Fluids as a Key to Awaken Deep Pre-Khuff Clastics Production Performance
Authors: Buijs H. , Singh A. , Nuriakhmetov R. , Alam A. , Ao Taliwati , Bulekbay A. , Vazquez A. , Basioni M. , Alloghani J. A. , Al Hammadi A. E. , Al Kindi R. K. , Al Aryani F. M. , Bregar U. B. , Hassan A. M. , Alkindy M. , Vo M. , El-sayed M. , Ruiz C. Sirlupu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the application of pseudo-stable fracturing fluids as a key technology to improve fracture conductivity and production performance in the first successful hydraulic fracture treatment pumped offshore Abu Dhabi. The primary target reservoir is the Pre-Khuff clastics Fm., a deep tight gas sandstone that can be found at depths exciding 16,000 ft with temperatures above 350° F.Even though our industry has a long-standing history in fracture stimulating high temperature reservoirs, the rheological behavior of fracturing fluids for optimum performance still remains to be highly controversial. It is well-known that at elevated temperatures fracturing fluids tend to prematurely break, losing its viscosity alongside the capability to transport proppant and develop fracture width that may lead to early treatment termination. What is rarely mentioned is that fracturing fluids break spontaneously at high temperature in oxygen rich environments (such as in a laboratory) nevertheless, when there is a lack of oxygen, fluids do not break effectively. Reservoirs are strong oxygen reducing environments because of the presence of iron, organic matter and hydrocarbons, having a negative effect on fracturing fluid rheology degradation, fluid cleanup and fracture conductivity. At the same time, there is still little consensus regarding the rate and magnitude of thermal exchange between the fracturing fluid and the reservoir high temperature conditions that will affect its rheological properties. Contrary to popular belief, fracturing fluids do not heat up to reservoir conditions as fast as suggested by many software applications and there is no need for large viscosity stability windows to efficiently transport proppant without premature screenouts.In this case history, a physics-based fracturing fluid design was utilized to successfully place ~ 100 tons treatments implementing a 15 minutes viscosity stability window which, under traditional standards, will not survive harsh downhole conditions and temperatures over 350° F. Post-frac production increased by 500%, reaching stable commercial rates after the first fracture treatment, proving that the implemented fluid design philosophy is correct and extremely efficient in developing high performing fracture treatments.
The Influence of Decentralized Perforation Guns for Hydraulic Fracturing Applications in Highly Deviated or Horizontally Wells on Entry Hole Perforation Performance and Tunnel Geometry for Extreme Hard Rocks (&gt;30k Psi).
Authors: Loehken J. , Mcnelis L. , Fricke B. , Yosefnejad D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The influence of the distance of a perforation gun to the inner casing wall is known to be critical for the correct assessment of the perforation performance by way of entry hole diameter and perforation consistency. Presented in the paper shall be a study on how the perforating gun body to casing wall clearance value will influence the perforating tunnel geometry and ultimately the charge performance on very hard rocks for hydraulic fracturing in an API Section II Test environment that simulates a decentralized gun inside the casing.
Three different shaped charge designs were tested on one type of extreme hard rock core whose UCS is upwards of 30,000 psi. Traditional performance evaluation methods of measuring the Entrance Hole Diameter and Depth of Penetration were undertaken, as well as the evaluation of tip fractures and rock strength influence. The cylindrical rock cores used in this test series were pre-scanned or pre-evaluated to reduce as much test anomalies as possible by employing alternative rock characterization methods such as sonic velocities of the rock and scratch test method for UCS measurement.
The pre-screening process proved itself as an easy method to reduce the variation in test results. Still certain deviations were visible for identical shots, which can be related to differences in the sonic velocities of the target. It becomes also visible, that different charge designs react differently to changes in the rock properties. Some are more resilient or robust than others.
The influence of the gun to casing clearance on the penetration is present, but to smaller extent, than the entrance hole variation. Two types of rocks were chosen as targets, a quartzite and shale cores. The results are generally transferable from the very hard quartzite to shale targets, but the geological anisotropy of the shale, which is not present for quartzite, manifests itself in a reduction in penetration for shots perpendicular to the layering of the shot and in the fracture pattern.
The rock used in the testing is quite representative of some of the more challenging rock formations that are currently perforated for hydraulic fracturing for oil, gas and geothermal applications. Therefore, the knowledge gained from the test series is hopefully of valuable use for the perforating industry going forward.
The Ninja Mentality - Promoting Operational Excellence by Leveraging Simple Solutions
Authors: Wagner C. , Poppel B. , Hardwick B. , Fontana D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Since the first commercial hydraulically fractured oil and gas wells were completed in 1949 (Clark, 1949), oil and gas companies have relentlessly pursued increasing operational efficiency at the wellsite. Data collection and analysis has been at the forefront of this pursuit but the human element in promoting operational efficiency has been under-recognized and is an invaluable element to any data focused analysis.
Big data has driven the notion that higher volumes of data spread throughout different operations within an organization will provide higher value, but data does not have to be big in volume to provide significant value. The dynamics of a talented team and recognition of the value of human insight can be powerful to help drive simple, yet effective solutions for an organization to leverage.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss field data collection and information system development in hydraulic fracturing and how simple solutions surrounding data collection can drive greater operational efficiency gains. With the technological advancements of information systems and the low barrier to entry to utilize these systems, the process of collecting copious amounts of data became much simpler for an organization to implement. However, finding the happy valley between data volume and the business value leveraged from the data is much more important than focusing on the total data volume. Implementing lower cost, yet robust information systems can minimize time and money spent building systems to collect desired and essential data. A few examples of systems that have been built with this practice are defined below.
Time Tracking – Tracking all time and activities at the wellsite enabling granular insight into potential operational efficiency gains. Materials Tracking – Accurate tracking of materials pumped to eliminate waste. Safety – Collecting near miss and potential hazard information to identify accidents before they occur. High Frequency Data – Delivering data quickly so potential operational improvements can be recognized to help lower the cost to produce a barrel of oil. Maintenance Tracking – Identifying which parts lead to excessive costs highlight cost saving potential.
The systems and processes that will be discussed in this paper demonstrate relying on human insight and effective team relationships can drive higher value than simply focusing on collecting enormous amounts of data.