bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child abuse and neglect: A comparative study between dental and medical students' competencies in Germany
Authors: Meyer Lisa‐Marie , Lehmann Thomas , Schüler Ina Manuela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite children's right to a non‐violent upbringing, they become daily victims of violence. Physical violence concerns mostly the head—especially the orofacial area. Therefore, dentists and paediatricians should be able to suspect possible abuse and to initiate child protection. This study aimed to record and compare the training situation and competencies of dental and medical students at Jena University Hospital regarding child abuse and neglect (CAN).Materials and MethodsUsing a three‐part questionnaire about CAN, 123 medical and 77 dental students were surveyed anonymously after completing all courses on the topic. The question sets included as follows: (1) educational experiences, training content and satisfaction; (2) current knowledge regarding diagnostic, management and legal concerns; (3) self‐evaluation, needs of further education and wishes. Reliability of the questionnaire was tested with kappa‐statistics and assessed as good.ResultsDental and medical students' overall satisfaction with CAN‐related training is low. Although medical students had more knowledge on CAN, all participants showed large deficits. Better diagnostic than management skills were reported in both groups. Only 1.3% dental and 16.3% medical students felt adequately prepared to deal with CAN. 7% of all study participants stated that they can report CAN without any help. 87.0% of medical and 79.2% of dental students expressed a desire for further education. To improve their knowledge, both courses prefer seminars, followed by expert talks, lectures and simulation‐based training (SkillsLab).ConclusionDental and medical students are inadequately prepared to suspect possible abuse and to deal with possible signs of CAN. Mandatory interdisciplinary courses and lectures addressing CAN are recommendable for both medical and dental curricula.
Sunscreens can preserve human skin microbiome upon erythemal UV exposure
Authors: Schuetz Rolf , Claypool Joshua , Sfriso Riccardo , Vollhardt Juergen H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveUltraviolet radiation (UVR) is a known environmental key factor for premature skin ageing. Only few scientific evidence is available to support the effects of UVR on the skin microbiome. This in vivo pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact on the skin microbiome upon erythemal UV exposure and the protection of UV‐exposed skin microbiome by UV filters.MethodsTen female volunteers were treated with an sun protection factor (SPF) 20 sunscreen and placebo formulation (without UV filters) on their upper middle backs and irradiated with an erythemal dose (2 MED) by a solar simulator. Skin swabbing samples from four zones (i.e., unexposed, exposed, sunscreen‐ and placebo‐treated on exposed skin) were collected for the microbiome analysis before and 2 h after UV exposure, respectively, and processed via shallow 16S rRNA Amplicon and Shotgun metagenomic sequencing. An in vitro UV method was developed to confirm the protection of isolated bacterial strains by single UV filters and combinations.ResultsAlpha diversity was impacted by significant inter‐individual differences and by treatment rather than by irradiation. Cutibacterium acnes was found to be the most abundant and a confounding factor for diversity. On a species level, Lactobacillus crispatus was negatively associated with UVR and placebo treatment, whereas there was a positive association with sunscreen treatment. The sunscreen treatment also favoured an interaction network with central Micrococcus genus. The in vitro results showed that both single UV filters and combinations had specific effects on the survival rates of L. crispatus, C. acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis.ConclusionWe identified potential microorganisms and bacterial interactions that were associated with an SPF 20 sunscreen treatment. The specific protection of L. crispatus as a key player in the UV‐exposed skin microbiome and reduction of C. acnes population by UV filters might lead to new cosmetic concepts for photoprotection.
Description of a new laboratory evaluation method of interdental brush abrasion as a clinical hazard
Authors: Schmidlin Patrick R. , Schmidlin Tim M. , Gubler Andrea , Brändli Stephan , Attin Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo simulate the abrasive potential of an interdental brush when applied with toothpastes and prophylactic gels/solutions in a novel laboratory brushing simulation set‐up.MethodsA brushing device was customized to treat dentin samples mimicking a simplified interdental space with an interdental brush (ISO 2). The brushing, that is, 7200 strokes for 1 h, was performed with artificial saliva (control), a povidone‐iodine solution, and slurries of chlorhexidine and fluoride gels as well as three toothpastes with different RDA values ranging from 29 to 100, respectively. The loss of dentin was profilometrically assessed and compared with ANOVA and Fishers LSD.ResultsWhile artificial saliva as control, the solution and the gel slurries showed no measurable dentin loss, toothpastes resulted in a measurable linear surface damage with respect to the actual intrinsic RDA values and ranged from 12.6 to 26.5 μm (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAny interdental cleaning product should be tailored and carefully instructed. Any over‐ and misuse should be avoided, which applies especially to the use of interdental brushes in combination with abrasive toothpastes.
Enabling educator oral health literacy: An impetus for oral health promotion in early childhood development
Authors: Gordon Natalie Ann , Brijlal Priscilla , Rayner Chrisleen Ann , Abdullah Mubeena , Funa Mthunzi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study reports on the process evaluation of an oral health promotion intervention for educators (principals and teachers) at early childhood development (ECD) centres within a low‐socioeconomic community in South Africa. This approach was based on the premise that oral health literacy plays a significant role in shaping personal health and serves as an impetus to influence change in others.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional, descriptive study design, 91 educators participated in the oral health intervention as part of their 1‐year ECD training programme. The pre‐test questionnaire measured perceived dental status, oral health‐related knowledge, attitudes and practices and impact of oral health problems on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). The post‐test questionnaire evaluated the usefulness of the oral health workshop to participants, intentions for personal change as well as for the inclusion of oral health in their ECD centre programme.ResultsParticipants reported: having their natural teeth (80%), being happy with their mouth (56.2%), having oral problems (34%), inadequate oral hygiene practices (43%), dental visits when symptomatic (74%), a compromised OHRQoL and inadequate knowledge of oral problems experienced. Oral health promotion activities at ECD centres were limited, with only 34% reporting on toothbrushing programmes. Following the intervention, participants reported positively on aspects such as, the value of the workshop for themselves and their ECD centres, intentions for personal change to hygiene practices (56%), dietary practices (76%) and dental visits (63%). The incorporation of oral health education in their ECD centres was mentioned by most educators. Daily toothbrushing was noted by up to 40% while some highlighted their engagement with parents.ConclusionBuilding oral health literacy among educators has the potential for personal change and serves as an impetus to introduce oral health promotion programmes at ECD centres. The findings may be used to advocate for oral health partnerships with established community‐based structures to increase access to oral care in ECD centres in underserved communities.
Distribution of grammar learning through writing tasks: A potential role of proficiency
Authors: He Jiani , Suzuki Yuichi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present study examines the optimal schedule of second language (L2) grammar practice. Fifty‐four English‐as‐a‐foreign language learners practiced using hypothetical conditionals through written production‐based dictogloss tasks, accompanied by an explicit grammatical explanation, in three learning sessions over several weeks. Learners in the longer spaced group engaged in dictogloss tasks at intervals of 7 days (Day 1, 8, and 15), while those in the shorter spaced group did so at intervals of 3.5 days (Day 1, 4, and 8). Results showed that shorter spaced and longer spaced learning led to equally accurate use of the hypothetical conditionals on both 3‐week and 6‐week delayed posttests. The effects of practice condition on 6‐week delayed posttest performance were moderated by L2 proficiency. Specifically, the retention rate after 6 weeks was greater for more proficient learners than for less proficient learners, but only in the shorter spaced group. Due to the exploratory nature of this study with small sample size, we call for more empirical research that explores the interaction between practice distribution and individual differences, including but not limited to L2 proficiency.
Nurses' and patient' descriptions about forms of power in pro re nata medication participation in forensic psychiatric care: A qualitative secondary analysis
Authors: Hipp Kirsi , Kangasniemi Mari , Varpula Jaakko , Lantta Tella 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite there being an emphasis on patient participation in their own care, it has been a challenge in pro re nata (PRN, as the circumstance arises) medication in forensic psychiatric care. The power imbalance in treatment relationships can be a barrier to patient participation and should therefore be further explored. This qualitative descriptive study aimed to explore the aspect of power in the descriptions of patients and nurses interviewed in a Finnish forensic psychiatric hospital about patient participation in PRN. A qualitative secondary analysis was conducted through the semi‐structured interviews of the patients (n = 34) and nurses (n = 19). The data were analysed with deductive content analysis. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines were used to ensure comprehensive reporting. The findings revealed that patients and health professionals may have conflicting goals in PRN and that they both use power to try to achieve them. Power in PRN was described in different forms, including authority, force, manipulation and persuasion. Based on our results, the power that health professionals have in PRN medication is particularly based on their legitimate authority and the hierarchical structures of the hospital environment. Patients also hold power in the dynamics of PRN medication care, but their position as a power holder can vary individually and situationally. Recognizing different forms of power and supporting patients with a decreased capacity for decision‐making is essential for promoting high‐quality and patient‐centred forensic psychiatric nursing.
Challenges and success in periodontal plastic surgery
Authors: Pini Prato GiovanPaolo , Di Gianfilippo Riccardo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo truly understand a field of study, one must delve into its past and examine the challenges and successes that have shaped its current practices. In the case of periodontal plastic surgery, recognizing how challenges induced changes over the last 70 years—from the 1950s to today—is essential to fully comprehend its evolution. This editorial provides a perspective on the field, highlighting the interrelationships between influential surgical techniques and advancements in research methodology. With each event building upon the last, the evolution of periodontal plastic surgery is a story of scientific progress and ongoing research, fostering a sense of community and shared knowledge.
Persistence and recovery of SARS‐CoV‐2 from abiotic and biotic surfaces found in meat processing plants
Authors: Russell Tristan , Macori Guerrino , Russell Lauren , Mulcahy Grace , Sammin Dónal , Fanning Séamus , Barry Gerald 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe meat processing industry was negatively affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The unique conditions in meat processing plants (MPPs) were recognized to have the potential to increase SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission. Should SARS‐CoV‐2 persist for extended periods in these built environments, this may contribute to increased risk of virus transmission. To test this hypothesis, SARS‐CoV‐2 persistence was assessed in conditions reflective of a MPP. Different biotic/abiotic materials were inoculated with SARS‐CoV‐2 and recovery of viable virus measured over time. Findings showed it was possible to recover SARS‐CoV‐2 from beef, pork, and salmon for at least 22 days at −20°C and for at least 12 days at +4°C. SARS‐CoV‐2 recovery from salmon scales and salmon flesh was similar, but viable virus recovered from pork fat was significantly reduced compared to pork meat. In parallel, foods purchased from Irish supermarkets during a COVID‐19 wave were contemporaneously tested for the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA but none of the samples tested positive by RT‐qPCR. Viable SARS‐CoV‐2 can be inactivated on food or abiotic surfaces by incubation at 56°C or 75°C but fomite transmission during MPP outbreaks cannot be ruled out due to the recovery of SARS‐CoV‐2 from stainless steel and work clothing fabric for up to 10 h under representative conditions. These data support a multilayered approach to reducing the risk of airborne infections such as SARS‐CoV‐2 that should include mitigations such as increased ventilation, mask wearing, and the disinfection of work surfaces to reduce the amount of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the meat processing plant environment.
Increased alpha‐synuclein and neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra triggered by systemic inflammation are reversed by targeted inhibition of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)
Authors: Peixoto Daniel Oppermann , Bittencourt Reykla Ramon , Gasparotto Juciano , Kessler Flávio Gabriel Carazza , Brum Pedro Ozorio , Somensi Nauana , Girardi Carolina Saibro , dos Santos da Silva Lucas , Outeiro Tiago Fleming , Moreira José Cláudio Fonseca , Gelain Daniel Pens 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily capable of regulating inflammation. Considering the role of this receptor in the initiation and establishment of neuroinflammation, and the limited understanding of the function of RAGE in the maintenance of this condition, this study describes the effects of RAGE inhibition in the brain, through an intranasal treatment with the antagonist FPS‐ZM1, in an animal model of chronic neuroinflammation induced by acute intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Seventy days after LPS administration (2 mg/kg, i.p.), Wistar rats received, intranasally, 1.2 mg of FPS‐ZM1 over 14 days. On days 88 and 89, the animals were submitted to the open‐field test and were killed on day 90 after the intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Our results indicate that blockade of encephalic RAGE attenuates LPS‐induced chronic neuroinflammation in different brain regions. Furthermore, we found that intranasal FPS‐ZM1 administration reduced levels of gliosis markers, RAGE ligands, and α‐synuclein in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Additionally, the treatment also reversed the increase in S100 calcium‐binding protein B (RAGE ligand) in the cerebrospinal fluid and the cognitive‐behavioral deficits promoted by LPS—less time spent in the central zone of the open‐field arena (more time in the lateral zones), decreased total distance traveled, and increased number of freezing episodes. In summary, our study demonstrates the prominent role of RAGE in the maintenance of a chronic neuroinflammatory state triggered by a single episode of systemic inflammation and also points to possible future RAGE‐based therapeutic approaches to treat conditions in which chronic neuroinflammation and increased α‐synuclein levels could play a relevant role, such as in Parkinson's disease.image
Live vaccines following intravenous immunoglobulin for Kawasaki disease: Are we vaccinating appropriately?
Authors: Cardenas‐Brown Cassandra , Lucas Ryan D , Buttery Jim , Britton Philip N , Wood Nicholas , Singh‐Grewal Davinder , Burgner David 
Published: September 2023

AimAustralian and New Zealand guidelines recommend that live vaccines be postponed for 11 months after treatment of Kawasaki disease (KD) with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We aimed to describe patterns of live‐vaccine administration after KD treatment, focusing on the measles–mumps–rubella/measles–mumps–rubella–varicella (MMR/MMRV) vaccines, and to compare real‐world practice with current recommendations.MethodsWe combined data from inpatient Electronic Health Records and the Australian Immunisation Register for all children who received IVIG for the treatment of KD under the age of 5 years at two Australian tertiary children's hospitals over a 12‐year period. Children who received IVIG <11 months before a scheduled MMR/MMRV were deemed ‘at risk’ of breaching the guidelines, and those whose subsequent vaccination occurred <11 months after the IVIG were deemed to have ‘breached’ the guidelines.ResultsOf those at risk, three‐quarters (76%) breached the guidelines for their first MMR/MMRV. Findings were similar (50%–80%) for the second MMR/MMRV dose.ConclusionsThe majority of Australian children treated for KD with IVIG may not be optimally protected by MMRV vaccination. Immunisation systems should address this avoidable risk.
Elucidation of common molecular diagnostic biomarkers between chronic periodontitis and Parkinson's disease via bioinformatics analyses
Authors: Zehui Wen , Mengting Zhao , Pengfei Liu , Yuanyin Wang , Jianguang Xu , Tao Wu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesParkinson's disease (PD) and chronic periodontitis (CP) are both inflammatory diseases; a correlation between the two diseases has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms of this association have not been investigated. We investigated the common molecular mechanisms between PD and CP and the role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of them using bioinformatics analyses to elucidate the association between the two diseases.MethodsWe obtained gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database: GSE10334, GSE16134, and GSE23586 for CP gingival samples and GSE20146 for PD brain samples. Subsequently, we conducted an enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses. Moreover, all DEGs were analysed for protein–transcription factor interactions and protein–immune cell co‐expression. We constructed protein–transcription factor, protein–protein interaction (PPI), and protein–immune cell co‐expression networks using the Cytoscape software. Moreover, we identified the hub genes and investigated them for potential diagnostic value.Results and ConclusionWe identified 99 DEGs in the three CP datasets, 520 DEGs in the PD dataset and found five common DEGs in the CP and PD datasets, namely CXCR4, CXCL8, CD19, RPTN, and SLC16A9. These common DEGs identified in our study may have a potential impact on disease pathogenesis through the involvement of CXCR4‐CXCL8‐CD19 protein‐complexes in dendritic cells. Therefore, CD19, LCP2, CXCR4, and LYN could be used as target molecules for the clinical diagnosis of both diseases.
Comparative effectiveness of hypoglossal nerve stimulation and alternative treatments for obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Kim Sung Won , Han Jae Sang , Kim Geun‐Jeon , Park Jeong Hae , Basurrah Mohammed Abdullah , Kim Sun Hong , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: September 2023

SummaryContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the primary therapeutic modality for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) management. However, despite efforts to encourage patients to comply with CPAP usage, long‐term adherence remains low. Consequently, surgical intervention for OSA is considered a secondary option for patients who exhibit non‐compliance with CPAP. Therefore, we conducted systematic review and meta‐analysis assessed the relative effectiveness of hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) treatment and alternative surgical interventions for managing OSA. Five databases were searched. Studies were included if they measured polysomnography parameters and assessed sleep apnea‐related quality of life (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]) both before and after HNS, and compared these outcomes with control, CPAP, or airway surgery (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty, or tongue base surgery) groups. A total of 10 studies (2209 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Compared to other airway surgeries, the rates of post‐treatment apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) < 10 and < 15 events/h were significantly lower in the HNS group (odds ratio [OR] 5.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–23.42; and 2.73, 95% CI 1.30–5.71, respectively). Additionally, postoperative AHI was significantly lower in the HNS group than in all other airway surgery groups (AHI: mean difference [MD] −8.00, 95% CI −12.03 to−3.97 events/h). However, there were no significant differences in the rate of post‐treatment AHI < 5 events/h (OR 1.93, 95% CI 0.74–5.06) or postoperative ESS score (MD 0.40, 95% CI−1.52 to 2.32) between the two groups. HNS is an effective option for selected patients with moderate‐to‐severe OSA and CPAP intolerance.
Does the unemployment rate moderate the well‐being disadvantage of the unemployed? Within‐region estimates from the European Social Survey
Authors: Hajdu Gábor , Hajdu Tamás 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUsing pooled cross‐sectional data (eight waves of the European Social Survey), this work analysed how the regional unemployment rate influences the well‐being disadvantages of the unemployed. We estimate region fixed effects and slopes models that, unlike the standard region fixed effects approach, provide an unbiased estimate of the cross‐level interaction term (between being unemployed and the unemployment rate) in the absence of unobserved time‐variant confounders. The results show that the satisfaction disadvantage of the unemployed (relative to the employed) is larger when the regional unemployment rate is higher. Smaller and insignificant differences were found regarding happiness. These results are in line with the argument that worse re‐employment perspectives in high‐unemployment regions may be particularly harmful to unemployed people. These results do not contradict the claim that, in regions with a weaker social norm to work, unemployed people may be more satisfied. Instead, they suggest that the unemployment rate does not reflect the social norm to work.