bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Ferritin Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Its Correlation with Glycated Hemoglobin in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Gauda Resma Manjari , Acharya Madhusmita , Yadav Manoj Kumar , Gouda Motilal 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public health problem all over the world because of the comorbidities it causes. Serum ferritin, an acute phase reactant, is a measure of the body's iron reserves. Increased body iron reserves and subclinical hemochromatosis have been linked to the development of glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and possibly diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and vascular dysfunction, according to recent research.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 64 subjects out of which 32 type 2 diabetic patients as cases enrolled in the study and 32 healthy subjects as controls from the Medicine outpatient department. Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and serum ferritin were estimated in both cases and the control group.

Results:
In type 2 diabetics, FBG, HbA1c, and hsCRP levels are higher than in healthy people. With an increase in HbA1C, there was a significant increase in serum ferritin in type 2 diabetes individuals. In poorly controlled diabetes, HbA1c >7%, HbA1c has a positive correlation with FBG, serum ferritin, and hs CRP.

Conclusion:
In our study, the mean concentrations of fasting blood glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ferritin, and HbA1C were significantly higher in type 2 diabetes patients than in controls. The hbA1c level >7 (poor control group) had higher fasting blood glucose, hs-CRP, and ferritin levels than the hbA1c level <7 groups (good control group). Fasting blood glucose, hs-CRP, and HbA1C were found to have a strong relationship in type 2 diabetes patients with poor control. Serum ferritin and hs CRP levels increased in diabetics as long as glycemic control was not achieved.
The Assessment of the Need of Online Education during COVID-19 Pandemic for Medical Imaging Students at Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science
Authors: Anurag Luharia , Mishra Gaurav , Tivaskar Suhas , Chandrashekar Mahakalkar 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Currently, India is witnessing another wave of COVID pandemic, where it has drastically disrupted most of the important aspects of human life including education. It has created an unparalleled education test, where campuses are closing and institutions have been transferred to online study protocols at numerous educational institutions worldwide. Internationalization has significantly slowed down. Some 32 crore students in India stopped moving to schools, and all educational practices are temporarily ended. The Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have responded constructively, despite all of those difficulties, ensuring the consistency of teaching, study and contribution to society using those methods, and techniques during the pandemic. This survey study focuses on COVID-19's important impacts on India's HEIs. Some steps are taken to provide smooth education services during the crisis by HEIs, and education authorities in India have been addressed herein.

Aim/Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the need of online education during COVID-19 pandemic for Bachelor of Medical Radiology and Imaging Technology (MRIT) students at Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science (DMIMS).

Methodology:
A total number of 60 students (includes only MRIT students under Allied Health Science at DMIMS) will be participating in this survey by means of answering the questionnaires, which include open-ended and closed-ended type of question patterns with signed consent from each student, and based on answers, we will be analyzing and interpreting the data for understanding the views of MRIT students.

Expected Results:
The offline mode of study for the Indian education system is more convenient than the online mode of study; however, during the COVID pandemic, Indian education system has adopted the online mode of study.

Conclusions:
Generally speaking, the offline mode of education is preferable than the online mode; however, in this pandemic, students prefer the online mode. There have been several new ways of learning introduced, as well as new prospects and new trends, which have allowed for the development of new ways of teaching learners, which has resulted in the generation of fruitful ideas for educational work in the pandemic.
C-Peptide
Authors: More Neha Vishnu , Samant Parineeta , Rai Sandeep 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
C-peptide has been the most technically appropriate and theoretically reasonable substitute for β-cell activity. In equimolar concentration, insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted into the portal circulation.

Methods:
A total of 150 participants of diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and 18–45 years aged were studied. Those diabetics were classified into three groups supported by fasting serum C-peptide (FC) level and low FC cluster comprised participants with FC level <0.6 ng/ml. Intermediate FC group comprised subject with FC level >0.6–1.8 ng/ml and high FC group comprised participants with FC >1.8 ng/ml.

Results:
The cutoff set of C-peptide was taken as 0.3–2.45 ng/ml. The prevalent diabetes among males was 85%–65% female. For the 150 diabetic participants, 18 (12%) were classified as type 1 DM (T1DM), 77 (51.3%) with type 2 DM, and the rest 55 (36.7%) as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults or MODY were perceived. In participants with T1DM, the mean serum C-peptide was slightly lower than in other diabetes forms. Considering the family history of diabetics in our research, detectable C-peptide in people with the family experience of diabetes was identified. Family diabetes history presence was seen in 15.5% of type 1 DM T1DM cases, while 84.5% of the remainder of the cases. Such classification is focused solely on family records and C-peptide rates which are subject to antibody screening, a genetic study for improved identification of the forms of diabetes.

Conclusions:
This result indicates that the diabetes measure C-peptide should be used in scientifically linked diabetes diagnosis, diabetes period, and subject age for appropriately managing persons with diabetes.
Assessing the Change in Occlusal Vertical Dimension in Complete Dentures Prosthesis after Processing
Authors: Nimonkar Sharayu , Belkhode Vikram , Thombare Ram , Singh Yash Pal , Saini Monika , Singh Jagjeet 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Recording of jaw relations is the most important step in complete denture fabrication. One of the main reasons for complete denture failure is the error, in recording the correct vertical dimension of occlusion and its reproduction in final prosthesis.

Methods:
Thirty completely edentulous participants were selected for the study. The physiologic rest position of the mandible was used to record the vertical dimension of occlusion, and denture was fabricated following all the steps meticulously for all the study participants. A lateral cephalograph for each patient was shooted twice one with adjusted wax rims at determined the vertical dimension and another at denture insertion appointment. The comparative evaluation of both the cephalographs for the change in the angle made by two projection lines drawn by joining the orientation landmarks was carried out using the software of all the participants. Data were statistically analyzed using the Student's paired t-test, and software used in the analysis was the SPSS software version 22.0.

Results:
Statistically significant difference was observed in the mean occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) recorded at the Jaw relation stage with OVD in processed complete denture (t = 5.84, P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
The OVD recorded using the physiologic rest position method was found to be increased in the finished complete denture.
Experience with Ectopic Pregnancies at the Tertiary Care Center and Lessons Learnt
Authors: Jain Sheela , Somalwar Savita , Dwidmuthe Kanchan Samir 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Ectopic pregnancy is one of the life-threatening complications that can occur in any sexually active woman during reproductive age. Changing trends have been observed because of the availability of assisted reproductive techniques, better diagnostic facilities, conservative management approach, newer drugs for medical termination of pregnancy, and newer contraceptives.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of all cases of ectopic pregnancy managed at the tertiary care center from January 2009 to December 2013. In all, there were 64 cases of ectopic pregnancies. Most of the women were between 20 and 30 years age and all except three were married. Risk factors could be identified in about 50% of women only.

Results:
The classical triad of amenorrhea, pain, and bleeding per vaginum was seen in 28.12% of subjects. Most of them were tubal ectopic pregnancies but we had one case of secondary abdominal pregnancy, two cases of heterotrophic pregnancy, one case of twin tubal pregnancy, and two cases of cornual pregnancy. All the cases were managed by laparotomy. An unsuccessful attempt to terminate a second-trimester pregnancy by the medical method should arouse suspicion of cornual pregnancy.

Conclusion:
History of use of levonorgestrel – emergency contraceptive pills should be looked for apart from other risk factors. Though not mandatory, ultrasonography should be done to rule out ectopic pregnancy, before terminating a pregnancy by the medical method.
The Increased Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in First Trimester Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Centre and the Significance of Universal Screening
Authors: Harshvardhan  , Tomo Sojit , Rawat Ashutosh , Aggarwal Juhi 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Thyroid disorder is the second most common endocrine disorder in pregnancy, after diabetes. The present study was designed to assess the prevalence of thyroid disorder in first trimester in pregnant women in a tertiary care centre.

Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross sectional study in which thyroid hormone levels and Anti- TPO antibodies levels were measured in one hundred and forty two pregnant women. The analytes were measured using Cobas e 411 autoanalyzer which is based on ECLIA principle.

Results:
From our study we found that 51.4% of the pregnant women had thyroid dysfunction. 40.9% of the pregnant women were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism with high TSH levels but normal FT4 levels. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed to be much more common that hyperthyroidism in pregnant women. In addition, 10.5% of our study population was found to have autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase enzyme.

Conclusion:
The increased prevalence of thyroid disorders makes it necessary to start universal screening of pregnant women for thyroid disorders which would help in the early identification and rectification of thyroid disorders in pregnant women. Further, early screening and treatment of thyroid disorders would prevent to a large extent the incidence of thyroid disorders in the newborns, which is one of the leading causes of mental retardation.
To Compare the Analgesic Efficacy Of Wound Infiltration with Bupivacaine and Mixture of Bupivacaine and Tramadol for Postoperative Pain Relief in Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Taksakande Karuna , Movva Haneesha , Rallabandi Saranya , Nasal Roshan , Jhadav Jui , Wankhede Prachi 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The cesarean section is one of the common obstetrical surgery. Multimodal techniques can provide the mother with the best pain alleviation. One of the simplest and safest procedure is wound infiltration. The study is to compare the analgesic efficacy of bupivacaine wound infiltration and a mixture of tramadol and bupivacaine for postoperative pain relief.

Materials and Methods:
After receiving approval from the institutional ethics committee, 60 pregnant women aged 18–35 years who had undergone elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were included in the study. The patients were randomized into two groups of 30 each. Group B patients received 0.25% bupivacaine 0.7 mg/kg (diluted to 20 ml with normal saline), while group BT patients received 2 mg/kg tramadol mixed with 0.25% bupivacaine 0.7 mg/kg (diluted to 20 ml with normal saline). Time to first analgesia request, pain score by visual analogue scale, and diclofenac consumption in 24 h were compared. Adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, and shivering were also noted.

Results:
The time to the first request for analgesia in Group T was 386.17 ± 233.84 min compared to Group B which was 192.50 ± 134.77 (P < 0.0002). Total diclofenac consumption in the first 24 h was significantly reduced in Group T compared to Group B (P < 0.0068).

Conclusions:
Subcutaneous infiltration of the wound with tramadol and bupivacaine prolongs the absence of pain and the consumption of analgesics after cesarean section and at the same time increases patient satisfaction.
Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Patient of Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis
Authors: Ahmad Bashar Imam , Karmakar Anindya Sundar , Imam Siddiqui Mohammad Shafat 
Published: March 2023

Background:
In recent decades, the overlap between thyroid abnormalities and renal diseases has been a serious concern. Thyroid hormones are required for the kidney's embryological development and growth. On the other hand, thyroid hormone metabolism, degradation, and elimination are all influenced by the kidney. It has been discovered that people with kidney disease, particularly those on dialysis, have a significant prevalence of thyroid abnormalities.

Subjects and Methods:
Total of 89 patients had hemodialysis dialysis at the IQ City Medical College and Hospital during the study period. Patients with thyroid disorders, taking thyroid hormones, having a thyroidotomy, and having a family history of thyroid disorders were excluded, as were patients on thyroid-affecting medications (amiodarone, glucocorticoids >50 mg, phenytoin, or lithium), patients under the age of 20, and patients who had recently undergone contrast imaging.

Results:
Dialysis patients were on average 57.6 14.5 years old. We discovered 15 (16.9%) hypothyroid patients among the 89 participants included in this study. There were 8.9% of people with overt hypothyroidism and 7.8% with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Only one patient (1.1%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism, while none of the others had overt hyperthyroidism. The baseline characteristics of euthyroid with overt hypothyroidism and SCH hypothyroidism patients were studied. When compared to euthyroid patients, no significant differences in age, gender, dialysis duration, weight, or comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes) were detected. As for laboratory variables, creatinine was significantly lower in overt hypothyroid patients compared to euthyroid patients (P = 0.01) and we also detected a significant difference between SCH and euthyroid in bicarbonate level (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
Hypothyroidism, including SCH and overt hypothyroidism, was common among dialysis patients. Even with euthyroid dialysis patients, hypothyroidism symptoms are common. Because of the overlap between End-stage renal disease (ESRD) symptoms and hypothyroidism, identification of hypothyroidism is challenging, and it is commonly ignored in the ESRD population. Early detection and treatment of hypothyroidism protect the patient's health from deteriorating and increases their chances of survival.
Association between Blood Group and COVID-19
Authors: Thenmozhi P. , Sudhanya T. , Gnanarubi R. Sona 
Published: March 2023

Context:
COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease and blood group has an influence on the susceptibility of infectious diseases including COVID-19.

Aim:
The present study was conducted with the aim to observe the association of ABO blood groups with COVID-19.

Setting and Design:
A nonexperimental hospital-based case–control research design was adopted to conduct the study with 200 COVID-19 patients who met the inclusion criteria.

Subjects and Methods:
Informed consent was obtained from the participants after explained the purpose of the study. Data were collected by interview method using a structured questionnaire and medical record was also utilized to collect the data. The collected data were prepared for analysis using Microsoft Excel.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data using the software SPSS 16 version.

Results:
The results of the study revealed that out of 200 participants, 83 (42.5%) belonged to A+, 68 (33%) belonged to B+, 7 (14%) belonged to O+, 18 (9%) belonged to AB +, and 4 (%) belonged to A-blood group.

Conclusion:
The findings of the current study concluded that the prevalence rate of COVID-19 was higher among non-O blood group than in the O blood group and the blood group is associated with the severity of illness. Despite further studies on the individuals with confirmed exposure to COVID-19 infection should be conducted with large samples to generalize the findings.
Perceived Medium-Term Influence of a Medical Humanities Module on Medical Students and Faculties
Authors: Shankar Pathiyil Ravi , Palaian Subish , Gyawali Sudesh 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
A voluntary medical humanities (MH) module was offered at a Nepalese medical school in 2007. The present study was conducted to study the perspectives of participating faculty and the then students about the module and its perceived influence on their professional life.

Methods:
The faculty participants were interviewed online from February to May 2021 after obtaining written informed consent and ethical approval. Transcripts generated were shared with the participants. Mainly deductive method of thematic analysis was employed. The areas addressed were what in their opinion were the strengths of the module and the areas which may require improvement, the perceived impact of the module on their professional lives, and their opinion about teaching–learning of MH in Nepal and South Asia. Feedback from the student participants was obtained from December 2020 to February 2021 using an online questionnaire addressing similar areas.

Results:
Four faculty members and 12 students responded. The informal and relaxed atmosphere during the sessions and the use of role-plays, paintings, and literature excerpts were the strengths. Obtaining informed consent, supporting family caregivers, and modules for other health science students were recommended. The module provided a new perspective on teaching–learning, improved their skills of explaining topics to patients, and developed their team working skills. They wanted MH to be included in the undergraduate medical curriculum in Nepal. Certain role plays and paintings were still remembered. MH is becoming more important during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion:
The faculty and students continue to have a positive perception of the module. The module was perceived to have influenced different aspects of their professional life.
Evaluation of Biochemical and Hematological Profile Changes in Cancer Patients Pre- and Postchemotherapy Treatment
Authors: Mohanty Swodeep , Yadav Manoj Kumar , Pradhan Tapaswini , Gauda Resma Manjari , Panda Krupa Sindhu 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Cancer is the world's most hazardous and severe disease in the 21st century, and it is the world's second-largest cause of death. A patient's cancer therapy is decided by the stage of cancer at diagnosis, the type and location of cancer, and the patient's country's normal medical procedures and treatment recommendations. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are just a few of the cancer treatment options accessible. However, these treatments are rarely curative and might cause a variety of negative effects in individuals.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective observational study was carried out in Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Odisha. Prechemotherapy hematological profiles: laboratory results of hematological profiles at the time of cancer diagnosis. Postchemotherapy hematological profiles: laboratory results of hematological profiles following the completion of Phase 4 chemotherapy treatments.

Results:
There were 97 males (41.27%) and 138 females (58.72%) in the group. Breast cancer, lymphoma, and sarcoma were the most common kinds of cancer in this study, accounting for 37.44%, 25.1%, and 11.06%, respectively. Stage II was found in 8.93% of the study participants, 62.12% in stage III, and 28.93% in stage IV, but no stage I was found.

Conclusion:
Postchemotherapy hematological profiles, with the exception of lymphocytes, were found to be considerably lower than prechemotherapy. Biochemical profiles such as urea and creatinine reduced insignificantly, but aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels increased nonsignificantly after treatment compared to before.
Evaluation of Serum Adropin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Its Correlation with Insulin Resistance
Authors: Shah Niranjan , Anand Pallavi , Kumar Shrawan , Kulkarni Pawan Arun 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Adropin has been revealed to be a powerful regulatory hormone involved in insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 subjects were included in the study, out of which 50 were type 2 diabetic patients and 50 were healthy subjects as controls. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was defined using the American Diabetes Association criteria. Controls were recruited from healthy men who were visited by endocrinologists of the same clinic and were excluded if they had a history of diabetes mellitus in their first-degree relatives.

Results:
There were significant differences regarding body mass index of diabetic patients and healthy controls. T2DM patients had expectedly significantly lower fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001) and decreased insulin level in type 2 diabetic patients.

Conclusion:
Adropin level was found to be significantly lower in type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects. Adropin was inversely correlated with FBS in type 2 diabetic patients and was also negatively correlated with HOMA-IR.
A Cross-Sectional Survey of Community Pharmacist's Knowledge, Behavior and Attitude Toward Antibiotic Dispensation, Southern Karnataka, India
Authors: Bhardwaj Khyati , Shenoy M. Suchitra , Baliga Shrikala , Unnikrishnan B. 
Published: March 2023

Aim:
The study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude/perceptions, and behavior of the community pharmacists in the Southern Karnataka district.

Settings and Design:
The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted with the help of a questionnaire containing open and close-ended questions and Likert-scale-based response items.

Materials and Methods:
Questionnaires were distributed to pharmacists by simple random sampling.

Statistical Analysis:
The data were analyzed by Fisher's test and Chi-square test for association between knowledge, attitude, and practices and sociodemographic categories.

Results:
Majority of the pharmacists considered the use of antibiotics in livestock and agriculture as the reason for antibiotic resistance. All of the pharmacists agreed that refusing to dispense antibiotics without prescription will negatively hit sales.

Conclusion:
It is imperative to educate pharmacists about rules and regulations regarding antibiotic dispensation. They need to be sensitized about the negative impact of nonprescription antibiotic use on antibiotic resistance and public health.