bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing translocated beavers used as passive restoration tools to resident beavers in degraded desert rivers
Authors: Doden E. , Budy P. , Conner M. , Young J. K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWildlife translocation facilitates conservation efforts, including recovering imperiled species, reducing human–wildlife conflict, and restoring degraded ecosystems. Beaver (American,Castor canadensis; Eurasian,C. fiber) translocation may mitigate human–wildlife conflict and facilitate ecosystem restoration. However, few projects measure outcomes of translocations by monitoring beaver postrelease, and translocation to desert streams is relatively rare. We captured, tagged, and monitored 47 American beavers (hereafter, beavers) which we then translocated to two desert rivers in Utah, USA, to assist in passive river restoration. We compared translocated beaver site fidelity, survival, and dam‐building behavior to 24 resident beavers. We observed high apparent survival (i.e., survived and stayed in the study site) for eight weeks postrelease of resident adult beavers (0.88 ± 0.08; standard error) and lower but similar apparent survival rates between resident subadult (0.15 ± 0.15), translocated adult (0.26 ± 0.12), and translocated subadult beavers (0.09 ± 0.08). Neither the pre‐ nor the post‐translocation count of river reaches with beaver dams were predicted well by the Beaver Restoration Assessment Tool, which estimates maximum beaver dam capacity by river reach, suggesting beaver‐related restoration is not maximized in these rivers. Translocated beavers exhibited similar characteristics as resident subadult beavers during dispersal; they were more vulnerable to predation and many emigrated from the study sites. High mortality and low site fidelity should be anticipated when translocating beavers, but even so, translocation may have contributed to additional beaver dams in the restoration sites, which is the common goal of beaver‐assisted river restoration. Multiple releases at targeted restoration sites may eventually result in establishment and meet conservation objectives for desert rivers.
Applications of various stereological tools for estimation of biological tissues
Authors: Warille Aymen A. , Kocaman Adem , Elamin Abdalla A. , Mohamed Hamza , Elhaj Abubaker El , Altunkaynak Berrin Zuhal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo provide concise and brief important stereological application methods and techniques for estimating biological tissues. Stereology studies the quantity of biological tissue using little practice and the low price of counting and preparing tissue slices to obtain direct and accurate results. Since their establishment, the stereological techniques underwent much improvement, thus allowing more precise analysis of target structures using various approaches. Using stereological tools, advances in stereological techniques made the target tissues or organs represented by 2D instead of 3D dimensions. Process tools estimate volume, area and length. According to the exciting tissue and aims, the stereological tools perform differently. This review summarizes various stereological tools and techniques, providing brief information about the orientation method, slicer probe method, Delesse's principle, Cavalieri principle, disector, fractionator, nucleator, virtual cycloids and saucer, which are described in detail.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in a patient with oncogene‐addicted metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following combination chemotherapy‐immunotherapy
Authors: Heynemann Sarah , Vanguru Vinay , Adelstein Stephen , Kao Steven 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are utilized in a variety of clinical settings for the management of patients with metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). While any organ may be subject to immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) as a consequence of ICI therapy, hematological irAEs are uncommon. We describe a scenario involving a patient with oncogene‐addicted mNSCLC who experienced the rare, life‐threatening complication of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and cytokine release syndrome following the receipt of the IMPower150 regimen (carboplatin/paclitaxel/atezolizumab/bevacizumab) after progression on initial tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Malignancy‐associated HLH, while previously described, is more typically associated with hematological rather than solid cancers and has only very recently been reported among patients receiving ICIs. While identification of hemophagocytosis on bone marrow examination is pathognomonic, this feature is not essential for confirming a diagnosis of HLH. Prompt recognition of suspicious laboratory and clinical features by medical oncologists and engagement with other relevant disciplines is hence critical to ensure optimal management of the condition.
Incidence and management of choledocholithiasis on routine intraoperative cholangiogram: a 5‐year tertiary centre experience
Authors: Ng Justin , Teng Roy , Izwan Sara , Chan Erick , Kumar Maarisha , Damodaran Prabha Ramesh , Puhalla Harald 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of choledocholithiasis on routine intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) during cholecystectomy is approximately 12%. Cholecystectomy without IOC may lead to undiagnosed choledocholithiasis placing patients at risk of complications such as pancreatitis or cholangitis. This study aims to determine the incidence of choledocholithiasis intraoperatively as well as the associated risk factors and the methods of management.MethodsA retrospective observational analysis of all laparoscopic cholecystectomies with IOC at the Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service from 1 January 2016 to 2 December 2021 was carried out. Patient demographics, operative data and cholangiogram findings were collected from electronic medical systems.ResultsA total of 3904 cholecystectomies were carried out over the study period. 3520 (90.1%) had an IOC, and 474 (13.4%) had positive IOC findings. 158 (33.3%) of the cases were managed intraoperatively with hyoscine butylbromide with or without intravenous glucagon followed by biliary tree flushing alone, 183 (38.6%) received transcystic bile duct exploration (TCBDE) with a success rate of 83% and 167 (35.2%) received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Choledocholithiasis was incidental in 44 (9.28%) patients.ConclusionIncidental choledocholithiasis during routine IOC is not uncommon. Management predominantly includes intraoperative TCBDE or postoperatively via an ERCP. This study has not found reliable preoperative factors to predict choledocholithiasis based on preoperative clinical, radiological and biochemical factors. A small proportion of patients received preoperative endoscopic intervention, and the decision‐making process requires further investigation.
Ureteral identification with indocyanine green in laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Rodríguez‐Zentner Homero , Cukier Moises , Montagne Vianette , Arrue Emmy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionFluorescence‐guided surgery has emerged as a complement of traditional laparoscopic surgery with the advantage that is adaptable to existent platforms. The purpose of this article is to describe our technique for ureteral identification with indocyanine green (ICG) during laparoscopic colorectal surgery.Materials and Surgical TechniqueWe report a case series of all patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery and ureteral injection of ICG in a private third level hospital.ResultsWe performed 30 laparoscopic colorectal surgeries in which we used this technique to identify the ureters. Mean age was 52.6 ± 15.28 years; 16 (53.3%) were men. The indication for surgery was diverticulitis in 18 patients. Mean urological operative time was 22.4 minutes.There were no immediate or delayed adverse effects attributable to intra‐ureteral ICG administration.DiscussionAlthough ureteric iatrogenic injury is uncommon, when it does happen, it significantly increases the patient's morbidity. We consider this technique has the potential to make laparoscopic surgeries safer mostly in patients with cancer, diverticular disease or endometriosis who have extensive fibrosis, adhesions, and inflammation.
Does authentic self‐esteem buffer the negative effects of bullying victimization on social anxiety and classroom concentration? Evidence from a short‐term longitudinal study with early adolescents
Authors: Boulton Michael J. , Macaulay Peter J. R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBullying victimization is a risk factor for social anxiety and disrupted classroom concentration among young people. Self‐esteem has been implicated as a protective factor, but extant literature is sparse.AimsAim of present study was to test if a new measure of authentic self‐esteem can buffer the negative effects of bullying victimization on social anxiety and disrupted classroom concentration concurrently and across time.SampleA short‐term longitudinal questionnaire design was employed with 836 12‐ and 13‐year‐olds.MethodsPeer nominations of bullying victimization and self‐reports of authentic self‐esteem were collected during winter term, and self‐reports of social anxiety and disrupted classroom concentration were solicited then and also 5 months later.ResultsHierarchical multiple regression models indicated that authentic self‐esteem moderated the association between bullying victimization and (i) social anxiety both concurrently and longitudinally and (ii) disrupted classroom concentration longitudinally. The Johnson‐Neyman technique identified where on its scale authentic self‐esteem had its buffering effects, and these were found to be at relatively low or moderate levels.ConclusionsEven moderate levels of authentic self‐esteem can mitigate the association between being bullied and (i) social anxiety and (ii) disrupted classroom concentration. Efforts to monitor and where necessary enhance the authentic self‐esteem of young people are warranted.
Involuntary evaluation of others' emotional expressions depends on the expresser's group membership. Further evidence for the social message account from the extrinsic affective Simon task
Authors: Gurbuz Emre , Paulus Andrea , Wentura Dirk 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe social message account (SMA) hypothesizes that the evaluation of emotional facial expressions depends on the ethnicity of the expressers. For example, according to SMA, a happy face of a member of a prejudiced ethnicity is immediately interpreted as potentially malevolent. Evidence for this approach was found initially in evaluative priming (EP) and approach‐avoidance tasks (AA) by showing an emotion × ethnicity interaction on positivity scores (EP) and approach scores (AA), respectively. Recently, attempts to replicate the EP results failed. Due to the inconclusive EP results, it was important to examine the influence of ethnicity on processing of emotional expression with another task testing involuntary evaluations. The extrinsic affective Simon task was used with stimuli varying on emotion (happy vs. fear) and ethnicity (White‐Caucasian vs. Middle‐Eastern men). This task was chosen because in contrast to EP (where faces are presented as task‐irrelevant primes) faces are task‐relevant. Experiment 1 yielded an emotion × ethnicity interaction with regard to positivity scores that fit SMA predictions. The results are also important in challenging a recent theoretical alternative to SMA, namely the processing conflict account. A generalization of the emotion × ethnicity pattern to learned arbitrary in‐ and out‐groups (Experiment 2) failed, suggesting that involuntary processing of (task‐irrelevant) group status depends on perceptual features.
TRPV1 and TRPM8 antagonists reduce cystitis‐induced bladder hypersensitivity via inhibition of different sensitised classes of bladder afferents in guinea pigs
Authors: Ramsay Stewart , Keightley Lauren , Brookes Simon , Zagorodnyuk Vladimir 
Published: December 2022

Background and PurposeInterstitial cystitis (=painful bladder syndrome) is a chronic bladder syndrome characterised by pelvic and bladder pain, urinary frequency and urgency, and nocturia. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are an attractive target in reducing the pain associated with interstitial cystitis. The current study aims to determine the efficacy of combination of TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TRP melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel inhibition in reducing the pain associated with experimental cystitis in guinea pigs.Experimental ApproachA novel animal model of non‐ulcerative interstitial cystitis has been developed using protamine sulfate/zymosan in female guinea pigs. Continuous voiding cystometry was performed in conscious guinea pigs. Ex vivo “close‐to‐target” single unit extracellular recordings were made from fine branches of pelvic nerves entering the guinea pig bladder. Visceromotor responses in vivo were used to determine the effects of TRP channel antagonists on cystitis‐induced bladder hypersensitivity.Key resultsProtamine sulfate/zymosan treatment evoked mild inflammation in the bladder and increased micturition frequency in conscious animals. In cystitis, high threshold muscular afferents were sensitised via up‐regulation of TRPV1 channels, high threshold muscular–mucosal afferents were sensitised via TRPM8 channels, and mucosal afferents by both. Visceromotor responses evoked by noxious bladder distension were significantly enhanced in cystitis and were returned to control levels upon administration of combination of low doses of TRPV1 and TRPM8 antagonists.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe data demonstrate the therapeutic promises of combination of TRPV1 and TRPM8 antagonists for the treatment of bladder hypersensitivity in cystitis.
Functional crosstalk between angiotensin receptors (types 1 and 2) and relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1): Implications for the therapeutic targeting of fibrosis
Authors: Samuel Chrishan S. , Li Yifang , Wang Yan , Widdop Robert E. 
Published: December 2022

Class A, rhodopsin‐like, G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are by far the largest class of GPCRs and are integral membrane proteins used by various cells to convert extracellular signals into intracellular responses. Initially, class A GPCRs were believed to function as monomers, but a growing body of evidence has emerged to suggest that these receptors can function as homodimers and heterodimers and can undergo functional crosstalk to influence the actions of agonists or antagonists acting at each receptor. This review will focus on the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors, as well as the relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1), each of which have their unique characteristics but have been demonstrated to undergo some level of interaction when appropriately co‐expressed, which influences the function of each receptor. In particular, this receptor functional crosstalk will be discussed in the context of fibrosis, the tissue scarring that results from a failed wound‐healing response to injury, and which is a hallmark of chronic disease and related organ dysfunction.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
Opioid‐induced microbial dysbiosis disrupts irinotecan (CPT‐11) metabolism and increases gastrointestinal toxicity in a murine model
Authors: Meng Jingjing , Abu Yaa F. , Zhang Yue , Zhou Yuyin , Xie Yun , Yan Yan , Tao Junyi , Ramakrishnan Sundaram , Chen Chi , Roy Sabita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeOpioids are commonly used for the management of cancer‐associated pain and chemotherapy‐induced diarrhoea. The chemotherapeutic irinotecan (CPT‐11) causes severe gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity due to deconjugation of inactive metabolite SN‐38 glucuronide (SN‐38G) by bacterial β‐glucuronidases to the active 7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin (SN‐38). Opioids are known to cause gut microbial dysbiosis, this study evaluated whether CPT‐11 anti‐tumour efficacy and GI toxicity are exacerbated by opioid co‐administration.Experimental ApproachEight‐week‐old C57BL/6 male mice were co‐administration with CPT‐11 ± opioid. 16S rRNA sequencing was used for gut microbiome analysis. LC–MS analyses of plasma and intestinal extracts were performed to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of CPT‐11. Histological analysis and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the severity of intestinal tissue damage. Human liver microsome In vitro assay was performed to confirm the effects of opioids on CPT‐11 metabolism.Key ResultsGut microbiome analysis showed that morphine treatment induced enrichment of β‐glucuronidase‐producing bacteria in the intestines of CPT‐11‐treated mice, resulting in SN‐38 accumulation and exacerbation of GI toxicity in the small intestine. Oral administration of both antibiotics and glucuronidase inhibitor protected mice against GI toxicity induced with CPT‐11 and morphine co‐administration, implicating a microbiome‐dependent mechanism. Additionally, morphine and loperamide decreased the plasma concentration of SN‐38 and compromised CPT‐11 anti‐tumour efficacy, this seemed to be microbiome independent.Conclusion and ImplicationsGut microbiota play a significant role in opioid and chemotherapeutic agent drug–drug interactions. Inhibition of gut microbial glucuronidase may also prevent adverse GI effects of CPT‐11 in patients on opioids.
Lactic acidosis induces metabolic and phenotypic reprogramming in cholangiocarcinoma cells via the upregulation of thrombospondin‐1
Authors: Thamrongwaranggoon Ubonrat , Kuribayashi Kanji , Araki Hirotaka , Hino Yuko , Koga Tomoaki , Seubwai Wunchana , Wongkham Sopit , Nakao Mitsuyoshi , Hino Shinjiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe high glycolytic activity of cancer cells leads to lactic acidosis (LA) in the tumor microenvironment. LA is not merely a consequence of metabolic activities but also has functional roles in metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells exhibit a high dependency on glycolysis for survival and growth, but the specific effects of LA on cellular characteristics remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that long‐term LA (LLA) reprograms the metabolic phenotype of CCA cells from glycolytic to oxidative and enhances their migratory activity. In CCA cell culture, short‐term LA (24 h) showed a growth inhibitory effect, while extended LA exposure for more than 2 weeks (LLA) led to enhanced cell motility. Coincidentally, LLA enhanced the respiratory capacity with an increase in mitochondrial mass. Inhibition of mitochondrial function abolished LLA‐induced cell motility, suggesting that metabolic remodeling affects the phenotypic outcomes. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that LLA upregulated genes associated with cell migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), including thrombospondin‐1 (THBS1), which encodes a pro‐EMT‐secreted protein. Inhibition of THBS1 resulted in the suppression of both LLA‐induced cell motility and respiratory capacity. Moreover, high THBS1 expression was associated with poor survival in patients with CCA. Collectively, our study suggests that the increased expression of THBS1 by LLA promotes phenotypic alterations, leading to CCA progression.
The influence of African swine fever information on consumers’ preference of pork attributes and pork purchase
Authors: Luo Qianfeng , Liu Pengfei , Li Zhi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper uses a randomized survey instrument to study the impact of African Swine Fever (ASF) information on Chinese consumers’ preference for pork attributes and purchases during the recent peak of the ASF pandemic in 2019. We study consumers’ preference for pork attributes including brand, meat texture and taste, quality safety assurance, and traceability under different information treatments. Results show that the willingness to pay (WTP) for quality safety assurance is the highest, followed by brands and traceability systems, and the WTP is lowest for good taste. We show that providing detailed ASF information substantially changes consumer preference by altering the relative importance of pork attributes and price sensitivity, which enables consumers to focus more on safety‐related attributes while paying less attention to price and taste attributes. Furthermore, we find that a higher belief in the future of ASF occurrence reduces the frequency of purchases marginally but does not significantly influence for amount per purchase and the total purchase amount.
Functional cooperation between IKCa and TRPC1 channels regulates serum‐induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via mediating Ca2+ influx and ERK1/2 activation
Authors: Jia Xiaoling , Chen Xinlan , Gao Chao , Wang Haikun , Yang Chengxi , Jiang Lin‐Hua , Fan Yubo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe increased proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. The intermediate conductance calcium‐activated potassium (IKCa) channel plays a critical role in VSMC proliferation by raising the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), but the underlying mechanism is still not unclear. Here we investigated the cooperation between IKCa and transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) channels in mediating extracellular Ca2+ entry, which in turn activates downstream Ca2+ signalling in the regulation of VSMC proliferation using serum‐induced cell proliferation model. Serum‐induced cell proliferation was accompanied with up‐regulation of IKCa expression and an increase in [Ca2+]i. Serum‐induced cell proliferation and increase in [Ca2+]i were suppressed by IKCa inhibition with TRAM‐34 or IKCa knockdown. Serum‐induced cell proliferation was strongly reduced by the removal of extracellular Ca2+ with EGTA or intracellular Ca2+ with BAPTA‐AM and, additionally, by TRPC1 knockdown. Moreover, the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by serum or by IKCa activation with 1‐EBIO was attenuated by TRPC1 knockdown. Finally, serum induced ERK1/2 activation, which was attenuated by treatment with TRAM‐34 or BAPTA‐AM, as well as TRPC1 knockdown. Consistently, serum‐induced cell proliferation was suppressed by ERK1/2 inhibition with PD98059. Taken together, these results suggest that the IKCa and TRPC1 channels cooperate in mediating Ca2+ influx that activates the ERK1/2 pathway to promote cell proliferation, thus providing new mechanistic insights into VSMC proliferation.
Newly developed exit options for European otters from fish fykes
Authors: Reckendorf Anja , Oberlercher Thomas , Alps Britta , Krueger Hans‐Heinrich , Ludes‐Wehrmeister Eva , Fladung Erik , Siebert Ursula 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEntrapment and subsequent drowning in fish fykes poses an anthropogenic mortality hazard to Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra). Different concepts on how to solve this problem have been debated in the past. To proactively prevent future fatal interactions and increase acceptance among fishers, this study tested two exit mechanisms for otters to safely escape from fyke nets, while still retaining full trap functionality for inland fisheries. Both exit options, a tearable latex lacing around flexible metal wires (100% success rate, n = 6) and a steel hoop‐spring construction (90%, n = 10) were successfully tested in 16 otter escape trials and 30 additional tests for fish (pike, eel, and common bream) retention (100%). The results indicate that the modifications of the fish traps were effective for otter conservation and commercial fisheries. Thus, both options can be recommended as equally good otter protection measures for fyke‐net fisheries of the tested type and similar sizes. However, these data were yielded under controlled conditions and it is possible that field results could differ. Hence, the presented results should be additionally verified under field conditions.