bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insects in Grassland Ecosystems
Authors: Debinski Diane M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInsects serve as ecosystem engineers in grasslands. Their impacts are comparable in scale to those of mammals, but because they are so much smaller, their roles and influences are not always as obvious. The roles that insects play in grasslands are as diverse as Class Insecta itself, including herbivory, pollination, seed dispersal, soil profile modification, nutrient cycling, parasitism, and serving as intermediaries between plants and wildlife in food webs. In the context of their effects on grassland wildlife species, insects serve as essential food resources for many species of birds, bats, reptiles, mammals, amphibians, fish, and other insects. Insects also have significant effects on the habitat structure available for wildlife because they can, on the one hand, enhance the productivity of grassland vegetation, but alternatively, they have the power to completely defoliate a grassland. From the perspective of food webs, insects play multiple roles. They can serve as food for wildlife, but they also can serve as parasites, vectors of disease, and decomposers. Ecological changes in grasslands due to events such as fire, grazing, herbicide or insecticide application, and habitat fragmentation or loss can affect both wildlife and insects. For that reason, ecologists are often interested in linking the study of a particular wildlife species to the associated insect community. Insects are simply less visible ecological engineers, continually interacting with wildlife, and modifying the habitat where they coexist with wildlife in grassland ecosystems.
Living with Predators: A 20-Year Case Study in the Blackfoot River Watershed of Montana
Authors: Wilson Seth M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes 20 years of efforts to live with large carnivores in the Blackfoot watershed located in western Montana with a focus on the processes and projects that were developed to adapt to the presence of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and gray wolves (Canis lupus) under the capacity of a non-governmental organization called the Blackfoot Challenge. Initial efforts were focused on generating a shared understanding of the problem, engaging community members in the co-generation of data, and designing an inclusive decision-making process that led to the adoption of a suite of tools that represented the values of stakeholders who represented communities of place and interest. Between 2003 and 2018, damages and livestock depredations by grizzlies tended to remain below 10 conflicts per year. Confirmed and probable livestock depredations show a low level of 1.8 annual livestock losses per year to grizzlies. Between 2007 and 2020, the wolf population increased and eventually leveled off, while livestock losses to wolves remained low. Annual confirmed livestock losses to wolves have been 3.3 livestock per year with less than four wolves removed annually due to depredations in the core project area. The central lesson of this effort is that living with large carnivores requires bringing people together to build trust, to generate a shared understanding of the problem using science, and to develop a participatory and equitable approach for changing practices and adopting tools that foster coexistence with carnivores.
A History of North American Rangelands
Authors: Sayre Nathan F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNorth America’s diverse grassland, savanna, steppe and desert ecosystems evolved in the absence of domesticated livestock. The arrival of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses after 1492 transformed many ecosystems while enabling European soldiers, missionaries and settlers to conquer the continent. The decimation of indigenous populations by warfare, disease and economic dependency further transformed rangelands by removing Native management practices, especially the use of fire. The history of rangelands since then has been one of recursive efforts to commodify and territorialize rangeland resources—including wildlife, grass, soil fertility and the land itself—for market production and exchange. Many former rangelands have been lost altogether, by conversion to forest cover (due to fire suppression) or to agricultural uses (especially in the Great Plains), and invasive exotic plant species have radically altered large areas of rangelands in California, the Great Basin, and other regions. Nonetheless, North American rangelands remain both vast and invaluable for wildlife. The Western Range system of public land grazing leases, which emerged from the devastating overgrazing of the late nineteenth century, succeeded in stabilizing range conditions and linking land use and management across large landscapes of mixed ownerships. With accelerating urbanization, the rise of environmentalism, and structural shifts in the livestock industry since World War II, however, the Western Range has begun to unravel, exposing rangelands to development and fragmentation. Climatic variability in the form of droughts, floods and extreme fire conditions, more so than aridity per se, has frustrated efforts to extract value from rangelands from the outset, and climate change promises to amplify these phenomena going forward.
Water Is Life: Importance and Management of Riparian Areas for Rangeland Wildlife
Authors: Maestas Jeremy D. , Wheaton Joseph M. , Bouwes Nicolaas , Swanson Sherman R. , Dickard Melissa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWater scarcity and climatic variability shape human settlement patterns and wildlife distribution and abundance on arid and semi-arid rangelands. Riparian areas–the transition between water and land–are rare but disproportionately important habitats covering just a fraction of the land surface (commonly < 2% in the western U.S.). Riparian areas provide critical habitat for fish and other aquatic species, while also supporting the vast majority (70–80%) of terrestrial wildlife during some portion of their life cycle. Diverse riparian types serve as vital sources of water and late summer productivity as surrounding uplands dry during seasonal drought. The health and function of rangeland riparian systems are closely tied to hydrology, geomorphology, and ecology. Riparian areas have attracted intense human use resulting in their widespread degradation. Conservation actions, including improved livestock grazing management and restoration, can help maintain and enhance riparian resilience to drought, wildfire, and flooding. This chapter provides readers with an introduction to the importance of riparian areas in rangelands, their nature and ecology, functions for wildlife, and prevailing management and restoration approaches.
Gründächer im urbanen Raum und ihre Ökosystemleistungen
Authors: Moeller Lucie , Knapp Sonja , Schmauck Sebastian , Otto Peter , Schlosser Dietmar , Wick Lukas Y. , Georgi Anett , Friesen Jan , Ueberham Maximilian , Trabitzsch Ralf , Wollschläger Niels , Schlink Uwe , Hofmann Dominique , Müller Roland A. , Mackenzie Katrin 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungUrbane blau-grüne Infrastrukturen (Gründächer, grüne Fassaden, Baumrigolen etc.) erbringen wichtige Ökosystemleistungen. Sie dienen als Retentionsflächen für Niederschlagswasser und ermöglichen damit ein integriertes Regenwassermanagement im urbanen Raum. Über die Beeinflussung des Strahlungshaushaltes und der Evapotranspiration können Temperaturen innerhalb von Gebäuden sowie deren lokales Mikroklima verändert werden. Darüber hinaus haben blau-grüne Infrastrukturen das Potenzial, die biologische Vielfalt zu unterstützen und Umweltschadstoffe aus urbanen Wasserkreisläufen zu entfernen. In diesem Beitrag wird die Forschung am UFZ zur Multifunktionalität der blau-grünen Infrastrukturen vorgestellt und dabei wird insbesondere auf die Ökosystemleistungen von Gründächern eingegangen.
Straßenbäume im Klimawandel: Ein Beispiel für die Gestaltung resilienter grüner Infrastrukturen mithilfe der Biodiversität und partizipativer Prozesse
Authors: Knapp Sonja , Dushkova Diana 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungStraßenbäume als prägender Bestandteil der grünen Infrastruktur sind ein wesentliches Element der Anpassung von Städten an den Klimawandel. Sich häufende Dürreereignisse bedrohen jedoch die Vitalität von Straßenbäumen und somit auch Ökosystemleistungen wie die Regulierung der Lufttemperatur, die im Klimawandel immer wichtiger werden. In diesem Kontext erläutert der Beitrag zum einen, warum die Gestaltung einer biodiversen grünen Infrastruktur deren Resilienz gegenüber klimatischen Veränderungen dient. Zum anderen liegt der Fokus auf der Bedeutung partizipativer Prozesse – d. h. der Beteiligung, Kooperation und Mitwirkung verschiedener städtischer Akteure – für die Entwicklung einer resilienten grünen Infrastruktur sowie die Wahrnehmung von grüner Infrastruktur und Biodiversität durch verschiedene Akteure.
Interplay between perturbative and non-perturbative effects with the ARES method
Authors: Banfi Andrea , El-Menoufi Basem Kamal , Wood Ryan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present a new semi-numerical method to compute leading hadronisation corrections to two-jet event shapes in e+e− annihilation. The formalism we present utilises the dispersive approach, where the magnitude of power corrections is controlled by suitable moments of an effective strong coupling, but it can be adapted to other methods. We focus on observables where the interplay between perturbative and non-perturbative effects is crucial in determining the power corrections. A naive treatment of power corrections for some of these observables gives rise to an unphysical behaviour in the corresponding distributions for moderate observable values, thus considerably limiting the available range to fit the non-perturbative moments. We present a universal treatment to handle such observables, based on a suitable subtraction procedure, and compare our results to the analytic result in the case of total broadening. Finally, for the first time we present predictions for the thrust major, which cannot be handled with analytic methods.
Gevrey-Class-3 Regularity of the Linearised Hyperbolic Prandtl System on a Strip
Authors: De Anna Francesco , Kortum Joshua , Scrobogna Stefano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the present paper, we address a physically-meaningful extension of the linearised Prandtl equations around a shear flow. Without any structural assumption, it is well-known that the optimal regularity of Prandtl is given by the class Gevrey 2 along the horizontal direction. The goal of this paper is to overcome this barrier, by dealing with the linearisation of the so-called hyperbolic Prandtl equations in a strip domain. We prove that the local well-posedness around a general shear flow $$U_{\textrm{sh}}\in W^{3, \infty }(0,1)$$

U
sh

∈

W

3
,
∞

(
0
,
1
)

holds true, with solutions that are Gevrey class 3 in the horizontal direction.
Operations-aware novelty detection framework for CNC machine tools: proposal and application
Authors: Macchi Marco , Cattaneo Laura , Polenghi Adalberto , Bruno Danilo , Mosci Sofia , Ferriani Fabio , Caneva Roberto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDigitisation offers manufacturing companies new opportunities to improve their operations and competitiveness in the market by unleashing potentialities related to real-time monitoring and control of operating machines. Through condition-based and predictive maintenance, the knowledge about the health state and probability of failure of the machines is improved for better decision-making. Amongst them, CNC machine tools do represent a complex case from a maintenance viewpoint as their operations are ever-changing and their high reliability brings to a lack, or limited set, of run-to-failure data. To address the problem, the research work proposes an operations-aware novelty detection framework for CNC machine tools based on already-in-place controllers. The framework is based on statistical modelling of the behaviour of the machine tools, namely through gradient boosting regression and Gaussian mixture models, to identify the health state considering varying operations through time. The proposed solution is verified on sixteen multi-axis CNC machine tools in a large manufacturing company. The results show that the proposed solution can effectively support maintenance decisions by informing on the health states while discerning between varying operations and abnormal/faulty states of interest. This solution represents a brick in a cloud-edge-based industrial information system stack that can be further developed for shop floor-integrated decision-making.
Łojasiewicz–Simon inequalities for minimal networks: stability and convergence
Authors: Pluda Alessandra , Pozzetta Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate stability properties of the motion by curvature of planar networks. We prove Łojasiewicz–Simon gradient inequalities for the length functional of planar networks with triple junctions. In particular, such an inequality holds for networks with junctions forming angles equal to $$\tfrac{2}{3}\pi $$

2
3

π

that are close in $$H^2$$

H
2

-norm to minimal networks, i.e., networks whose edges also have vanishing curvature. The latter inequality bounds a concave power of the difference between length of a minimal network $$\Gamma _*$$

Γ

∗

and length of a triple junctions network $$\Gamma $$
Γ
from above by the $$L^2$$

L
2

-norm of the curvature of the edges of $$\Gamma $$
Γ
. We apply this result to prove the stability of minimal networks in the sense that a motion by curvature starting from a network sufficiently close in $$H^2$$

H
2

-norm to a minimal one exists for all times and smoothly converges. We further rigorously construct an example of a motion by curvature having uniformly bounded curvature that smoothly converges to a degenerate network in infinite time.
Integrative multi-omics reveals two biologically distinct groups of pilocytic astrocytoma
Authors: Picard Daniel , Felsberg Jörg , Langini Maike , Stachura Paweł , Qin Nan , Macas Jadranka , Reiss Yvonne , Bartl Jasmin , Selt Florian , Sigaud Romain , Meyer Frauke-D. , Stefanski Anja , Stühler Kai , Roque Lucia , Roque Rafael , Pandyra Aleksandra A. , Brozou Triantafyllia , Knobbe-Thomsen Christiane , Plate Karl H. , Roesch Alexander , Milde Till , Reifenberger Guido , Leprivier Gabriel , Faria Claudia C. , Remke Marc 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPilocytic astrocytoma (PA), the most common pediatric brain tumor, is driven by aberrant mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling most commonly caused by BRAF gene fusions or activating mutations. While 5-year overall survival rates exceed 95%, tumor recurrence or progression constitutes a major clinical challenge in incompletely resected tumors. Here, we used similarity network fusion (SNF) analysis in an integrative multi-omics approach employing RNA transcriptomic and mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling to molecularly characterize PA tissue samples from 62 patients. Thereby, we uncovered that PAs segregated into two molecularly distinct groups, namely, Group 1 and Group 2, which were validated in three non-overlapping cohorts. Patients with Group 1 tumors were significantly younger and showed worse progression-free survival compared to patients with group 2 tumors. Ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that Group 1 tumors were enriched for immune response pathways, such as interferon signaling, while Group 2 tumors showed enrichment for action potential and neurotransmitter signaling pathways. Analysis of immune cell-related gene signatures showed an enrichment of infiltrating T Cells in Group 1 versus Group 2 tumors. Taken together, integrative multi-omics of PA identified biologically distinct and prognostically relevant tumor groups that may improve risk stratification of this single pathway driven tumor type.
Segmented in vitro fertilization and frozen embryo transfer in levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device treated patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Wei Hongyi , Pan Ningning , Wang Yang , Ma Caihong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in patients with early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC).

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on patients with stage IA1 EEC who achieved complete response after fertility-sparing treatment from December 2018 to December 2021, with all the women who underwent COS having LNG-IUDs inserted in their uterine cavity.

Results
16 patients were enrolled who underwent 26 COS cycles and average age was 33.19 ± 4.04 years. 12 patients had 19 subsequent frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Among the other four patients, no embryos were obtained in 1 patient, 1 patient got pregnancy spontaneously with term delivery after COS, 1 patient relapsed before FET, and 1 patient did not receive embryo transfer for personal reason. Among 19 FET cycles, the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in each ET cycle were 36.84% (7/19) and 26.32% (5/19), respectively. 7 clinical pregnancies resulted in 2 miscarriages (28.6%), and 5 live births (71.4%). Totally 6 patients achieved 7 live births, and the cumulative live birth rate was 37.5% (6/16). Three (18.75%) out of 16 patients relapsed after COS during the follow-up period (31.31 ± 15.89 months) and two of them were initially diagnosed with moderately differentiated EEC. Time interval from COS to relapse was 6.63,11.67 and 16.23 months, respectively.

Conclusion
The combination of LNG-IUD treatment and segmented IVF may be a viable treatment strategy to improve oncological and reproductive outcomes for patients with early-stage EEC.
Evaluation of the scabicidal effect of a single dose of fluralaner in a rabbit model of crusted scabies
Authors: Sharaf Mahmoud S. , Othman Ahmad A. , Abd El Ghaffar Amira E. , Ali Dareen M. , Eid Mohamed M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, scabies was included in the WHO roadmap for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030. Till now, ivermectin is the only available oral drug that is currently approved for treating crusted scabies in humans. Concerns regarding its efficacy and safety have prompted research efforts to find new alternatives. Our study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a single dose of fluralaner in cases of crusted scabies in comparison with that of repeated weekly high doses of ivermectin. For the in vitro study, twenty adult female mites were exposed to 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml ivermectin and fluralaner to evaluate their effects on mites' survival. For the in vivo study, thirty-five male crossbreed rabbits were divided into 4 groups: group I (non-infected, non-treated), group II (infected, non-treated), group III (infected and treated with ivermectin in a weekly oral dose of 0.4 mg/kg body weight/rabbit for 4 weeks, starting 8 weeks post-infection), and group IV (infected and treated with fluralaner given as a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg body weight/rabbit, starting 8 weeks post-infection). Clinical, parasitological, histopathological, and biochemical assessments were done. Clinical and parasitological assays were accomplished to all infected groups starting from day 0, then on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 post-treatment, while histopathological and biochemical assessments were done at the end of the 8th week post-treatment (day 56). Our results showed that fluralaner exhibited a higher acaricidal effect on adult Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi when compared with ivermectin applied in the same concentration (50 μg/ml or 100 μg/ml). Concerning the in vivo study, both clinical cure and parasitological cure were noted in both treated groups, evidenced by complete absence of all clinical signs of infestation and absence of mites in all skin scrapings. However, the ivermectin-treated group showed incomplete histopathological and biochemical resolution. Interestingly, both clinical cure and negative skin scrapings were noticed earlier in the fluralaner-treated group, with no apparent side effects. Also, no significant differences were noticed in the skin sections and serum biochemical parameters when compared with those of the negative control group. We concluded that fluralaner is a promising scabicidal agent that is recommended to be studied for possible human use, especially in control programs.
Graphical abstract
A study indicates an essential link between a mild deterioration in excretory kidney function and the risk of neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Stryczyńska-Mirocha Adriana , Łącki-Zynzeling Stanisław , Borówka Maciej , Niemir Zofia I. , Kozak Sylwia , Owczarek Aleksander J. , Chudek Jerzy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Neutropenia, defined as a number of neutrophils in patients’ blood specimen lower than 1500 cells/μm3, is a common adverse event during myelosuppressive oncological chemotherapy, predisposing to febrile neutropenia (FN). Patients with coexisting moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk of FN, included in the guidelines for the primary prophylaxis of FN. However, this does not include mild kidney function impairment with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2. This prospective study analyzed the risk of neutropenia in patients on chemotherapy without indication for the primary prophylaxis of FN.

Methods
The study enrolled 38 patients starting chemotherapy, including 26 (68.4%) patients aged 65 years or more. The median duration of follow-up was 76 days. The methodology of creatinine assessment enabled the use of the recommended CKD-EPI formula for identifying patients with a mild reduction of glomerular filtration.

Results
Sixteen (42.1%) patients developed at least G2 neutropenia without episodes of FN. Only five (13.1%) patients had eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, while 15 (62.5%) eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2. The relative risk of neutropenia in patients with impaired eGFR was over six times higher than in patients with eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 (RR = 6.08; 95%CI:1.45–27.29; p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Our observation indicates that even a mild reduction in eGFR is a risk factor for the development of neutropenia and a potential risk factor for FN.
A vectorial problem with thin free boundary
Authors: De Silva Daniela , Tortone Giorgio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider the vectorial analogue of the thin free boundary problem introduced by Caffarelli et al. (J Eur math Soc 12:1151-1179, 2010) as a realization of a nonlocal version of the classical Bernoulli problem. We study optimal regularity, nondegeneracy, and density properties of local minimizers. Via a blow-up analysis based on a Weiss type monotonicity formula, we show that the free boundary is the union of a “regular” and a “singular” part. Finally we use a viscosity approach to prove $$C^{1,\alpha }$$

C

1
,
α

regularity of the regular part of the free boundary.