bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 on the Trend of Leptospirosis
Authors: Kamath Anusha , Shetty Rahul Dev , Kellarai Adithi 
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives:
With the prevalence of a large number of febrile diseases in the Asia-Pacific region, the presentation of fever poses a diagnostic dilemma for physicians during the COVID era. We noticed an alarming increase in the number of cases of leptospirosis during the pandemic. Hence, we conducted a study to compare the trend, complications, and outcomes of patients with leptospirosis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Subjects and Methods:
A retrospective, hospital case record-based analytical study was conducted in a tertiary care center in Mangaluru. All patients who were admitted to our hospital from March to October 2019 (before the COVID pandemic) and from March to October 2020 (during the COVID pandemic) with a clinical and laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis were included in our study. Patient records were screened, and demographic, clinical, and laboratory information was collected. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).

Results:
The incidence of leptospirosis was higher during the COVID pandemic (102 vs. 62). The mean age of leptospirosis patients in 2019 and 2020 was 45.18 and 45.19 years, respectively. Fewer patients with leptospirosis reported fever during the pandemic (69.6% vs. 94.2%). There was an increased incidence of complications such as hepatitis (84.3% vs. 31.9%), acute kidney injury (87.3% vs. 52.2%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (20.6% vs. 8.7%), and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (68.6% vs. 33.3%) in 2020. The case fatality rate Was higher in 2020 (2 0. 6 %) when compared to 2019 (5. 8 %)

Conclusions:
There was an increase in Proportion of leptospirosiscases, complications and mortality during the COVID pandemic. This is a cause for concern. More studies are needed in the community to determine the reason for this increase.
Antecedents and Outcomes of Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Coutinho Shawnn Melicio , Prasad Ch. V. V. S. N. V. , Prabhudesai Rohit 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
Patient satisfaction plays a critical role in determining the competitiveness of health-care organizations. This study is aimed to develop and test a comprehensive conceptual model of the antecedents and outcomes of patient satisfaction, to establish the relationships between the variables.

Methodology:
The relationships between them were tested using partial least squares-structural equation modeling technique (PLS-SEM), utilizing a sample of 348 patients from dialysis centers in the state of Goa in India.

Results:
Patient satisfaction was found to mediate the relationship between antecedent-service quality and outcomes – trust, loyalty, and word of mouth. Similarly, trust was found to mediate the impact of patient satisfaction on loyalty and word of mouth.

Research Implications:
The study integrates the scattered literature on the topic, providing a holistic model with novel insights, which will help researchers in understanding and analyzing the impact of variables influencing as well as influenced by patient satisfaction.

Practical Implications:
The study determines and shows the importance of antecedents such as trust in health care. While health-care organizations should improve patient satisfaction, they should not stop only at patient satisfaction but rather further work on building trust. Trust, in turn, helps to build patient loyalty and positive word of mouth. The model shows how patient satisfaction and trust play key roles in influencing loyalty and word of mouth, which are important for competitive reasons. Thus, a complete understanding of the findings will assist practitioners in improving the competitiveness of their organizations.

Originality/Value:
A lot of research exists on the antecedents of patient satisfaction, namely service quality, and outcomes of satisfaction, namely loyalty and word of mouth. On the other hand, there exists limited research on constructs such as trust and its impact on loyalty and word mouth. This research combines both to develop a comprehensive model and tested it using PLS-SEM, providing important findings. The testing of model in dialysis centers adds a novel feature, since not much research is done in this setting. Conclusion: A comprehensive model linking the antecedents and outcomes of patient satisfaction was developed and tested in the dialysis departments of 8 hospitals and all the 9 hypotheses developed were supported.
Molecular Subtyping in Prognostication of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Patients of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Dighe Sajika Pramod , Shinde Raju , Shinde Sangita , Nikhade Pravin 
Published: March 2023

Aim:
The aim of this study is to predict the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) based on preoperative molecular subtyping of locally advanced breast cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
The present single-blind, observational study was conducted at the tertiary health-care center of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital from October 2018 to September 2020. This study comprised 46 patients suffering from breast cancer with TNM stage IIIA and IIIB. The patients received either NACT with cyclophosphamide/adriamycin/5-fluorouracil or paclitaxel, respectively, followed by the standard surgical procedure of modified radical mastectomy. Baseline ultrasound was followed by Trucut biopsy of the tumor which was done with 18-G Bard Trucut biopsy needle under local anesthesia in all aseptic conditions. The specimens were collected and preserved in formalin and were sent for the assessment of tumor histological examination, Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation. Depending on the luminal status obtained by IHC preoperatively, further response to chemotherapy was assessed.

Results:
In the CAF group, patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu (HER2/neu)-enriched status had (91.40% ± 7.76%) tumor response followed by luminal B status (89.33% ± 5.77%), triple-negative status (87.34% ± 9.55%), and finally luminal A status with (84.87% ± 8.11%) a statistically nonsignificant relation. In the paclitaxel group, patients with triple-negative status had a tumor response of (96.59% ± 4.48%) followed by luminal B status (96.28% ± 3.27%), HER2/neu-enriched status (91.33% ± 6.85%), and finally luminal A status (82.40% ± 11.29%) with a statistically significant relation (P = 0.023).

Conclusion:
It can be concluded from the results that overall, HER2/neu-enriched and triple-negative status patients showed better tumor response to NACT in both groups.
Association of Social Determinants on Well-Being of Rural Construction Workers of Central India
Authors: Jumade Prashil , Joshi Abhishek , Khanam Najnin , Mudey Abhay 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Social determinants of the health (SDH) arise from the social and economic condition in which they are living and their interaction produces direct impact on the health. Wider socioeconomic context, social exclusion, poverty, etc. are considered as the SDH.

Objectives:
This study was conducted to assess sociodemographic profile, job characteristics, and the association of the social determinants on the well-being of rural construction workers.

Materials and Methods:
It was cross-sectional study carried out among the rural construction workers employed at one of the medical institutes in Central India.

Results:
About more than half of the study participants belonged to the lower class of socioeconomic status by Modified B. G. Prasad classification 2017. Sixty-three percent participants were laborers, followed by 32% in assistance services. Musculoskeletal pain was the most common self-reported health issue, whereas near about 3/4th of study participants were found to have low or no risk on Kesseler's Distress Scale. The association between education and socioeconomic condition with well-being of rural construction workers was not found to be statistically significant. While, the association between Kesseler's Distress Scale and the presence of addiction was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Maximum study participants belonged to lower socioeconomic class, and musculoskeletal pain was the most common self-reported illness. The association between well-being and Kesseler's Distress Score and addiction was found to be statistically significant.
Evaluation of Clinical Profile of Acne Vulgaris in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Jha Rajeev Ranjan 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Acne vulgaris is thought to be the most prevalent skin disease seen in clinical practice, and it is caused by a combination of causes that start in the pilosebaceous follicle.

Subjects and Methods:
There were a total of 114 patients, 32 men and 82 women. Patients with acne vulgaris who came to the outpatient department and agreed to participate in the study were included, but those who refused or had drug-induced or other acne-related eruptions were excluded.

Results:
The most prevalent age group to be involved was 20–25 years of age (36.0%), followed by 15–20 years of age (31.6%) and 25–30 years of age (19.3%). Cheeks 8.61%, forehead 64.9%, mandible 33.3%, and chin 27.2% were all damaged in all cases. Truncal involvement was lower in the chest (10.5%), back (13.2%), shoulder (9.6%), and upper arm (.3.5%). Around 43.9% of people had grade III acne, 29.8% had grade II acne, 14.9% had grade IV acne, and 11.4% had grade I acne. Females (50.0%) had more grade II and III acne than males (23.7%).

Conclusion:
The majority of the patients were from 20-25 years of age group. The survey also revealed a rise in the number of adult acne cases. In every case, the face was implicated, with the cheek area being the most engaged. The most prevalent grades were II and III, and females outnumbered males with these grades. Scarring corresponded to the length of acne, with icepick scars being the most common. In most cases, postacne hyperpigmentation was seen, which corresponded to the inflammatory nature of the lesions.
A Comparative Cross-Sectional Survey Among Medical and Engineering Students About Awareness and Preventive Practices During Lockdown for COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dakhode Sarika Uttamrao , Chaware Ajay , Joshi Abhishek 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The WHO declared COVID-19 infection as a pandemic in March 2020 due to high infectivity and wide information is freely available regarding precautionary measures. Every sector of the society must follow the preventive steps in the absence of proper drugs or vaccines. There is a need to assess the awareness level and precautionary measures adopted by the different sectors of the society. Hence, we planned this comparative study among students of health and engineering professionals.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical and engineering students from one of the respective college of Wardha district (July–September 2020). Second class randomly selected and all students, i.e., 200 from each faculty were involved. Questionnaire was prepared by referring guidelines of the World Health Organization and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for preventive measures toward COVID-19 pandemic, shared by internet and Chi-square test applied.

Results:
One hundred and seventy-eight medical and 176 engineering students responded (response rate-89%). Significantly high numbers of medical students (84%) were well aware with various modes of infection spread than engineering (40%–68%) (P = 0.0001). Seventy-four percent engineering as compared to 53% medical students recognized >3 feet as safe social distance (P = 0.01) and sincerely maintained by engineering students (69.32%) more often than medical (55.6%) (P = 0.01); whereas wearing mask for outdoor activity was practiced more frequently by medical (76.97%) than engineering (52.84%) (P = 0.0001). About 29% both group students never moved out from home. 50% medical and 37% engineering students were moved out occasionally before survey and mostly for purchasing daily needs.

Conclusion:
Overall, there is gap in complete chain of knowledge about novel coronavirus among both the groups. There is a significant difference in awareness and practices adopted by both professional students toward COVID-19 pandemic. High awareness and safe practices may be expected for medical background, but contrast findings for some markers were observed. The mode of IEC should be robust, more modified, or innovative.
Comparison between Frozen Section and Paraffin-Embedded Histopathological Section In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gawande Madhuri , Hande Alka , Patil Swati , Sonone Archana , Sharma Preeti 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the major malignancy reported in Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, Maharashtra, India. The treatment of choice is radical neck dissection, while performing surgery frozen section (FS) analysis is done. FS helps in rapid intraoperative diagnosis. It is commonly used during surgical procedures to detect malignancy so that modifications of surgery can be decided at the time of surgery on the table. FS is also performed for the evaluation of surgical margins and detection of lymph node metastasis. In addition, it is applied for the detection of unknown pathological processes.

Aims and Objectives:
The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of FS diagnosis in comparison to gold standard histopathological diagnosis and to find concordance and discordance rate of FS with histopathological report.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed records of frozen section from the department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. The frozen section diagnosis was compared with permanent sections stained by haematoxylin and eosin stain. The frozen section results were compared with final histopathological diagnosis.

Results:
Sensitivity = 97.97%,Specificity = 100%, Percentage of false negative = 2%, Percentage of false positive = 0%.

Conclusion:
In our study frozen section diagnosis was coinciding with histopathological diagnosis.
Prevalence of Hepatic Alveolar hydatid in a Nonendemic Region of North India in Hospital-based Population
Authors: Ahmad Irshad , Ilyas Mohd , Ashraf Aabid , Rather Ajaz A. , Gojwari Tariq A. 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study was to calculate the prevalence of hepatic alveolar hydatid disease in hospital-based population in North India, a nonendemic region for alveolar hydatid disease.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted at a tertiary care center in North India between April 2017 and March 2019. Patients with suspected hepatic alveolar hydatid on ultrasonography were evaluated with further imaging studies based on classical radiological findings and then confirmed by histopathology.

Results:
Twenty-five cases of hepatic alveolar hydatid were diagnosed primarily based on the classical imaging/radiological findings with histopathology confirmation, with a 2-year period prevalence of 0.207 cases/1000 population. Majority of the cases were in the age group of 41–60 years, with a mean age of 53.04 years. Fifty-two percent of the cases were female. Majority of them were from hilly areas and working with livestock animals. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom.

Conclusion:
Hepatic alveolar hydatid is considered as a rare disease in India; however, the increased number of cases been diagnosed in our study could be either due to increased diagnostic modalities or due to actual increase in the number of cases. Therefore, hepatic alveolar hydatid should be considered in the differentials of suspicious liver mass in nonendemic regions.
Musculoskeletal manifestations in type-2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital in a North-Eastern city of India—A cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Sarkar Swapan , Goswami Bidhan , Sengupta Bitan , Sengupta Shauli , Bhattacharjee Bhaskar 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes are common and not life threatening, but these are an important cause of morbidity, pain and disability among diabetic patients. In 2004, the National Health Interview Survey determined that 58% of diabetic patients would have musculoskeletal functional disability. This study was designed to estimate the proportion of musculoskeletal manifestations among Type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Tripura and also to determine the association of various musculoskeletal manifestations with glycaemic status, body mass index and duration of diabetes mellitus.

Methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in a northeastern state of India from December 2020 to November 2021. All the diabetic patients attending diabetes nutrition clinic of a tertiary care hospital for a period of one year were considered for this study. Diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorder was made based on history, physical examination, laboratory test and imaging test. Quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Descriptive data was expressed in percentages and frequencies using charts and tables. Chi-square test was applied to explore any association between variables. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the institutional ethics committee.

Results:
Out of four hundred and forty-two diabetic cases and two hundred and thirty-four (52.9%) patients were found with musculoskeletal manifestations, 55% of which belong to 45–59 age group.

Conclusion:
Physicians treating diabetic patients should be encouraged for regular examination for musculoskeletal complaints. Early diagnosis will facilitate appropriate treatment and thus prevents further complications.
An atypical manifestation of pheochromocytoma crisis: Acute delirium
Authors: Agarwal Mayank , Kant Ravi , Pattar Shridhar 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor presenting with a classical triad of symptoms. In 10% of the cases, the presentation can be atypical, and the diagnosis is often missed for several years. Most common neurological manifestations are haemorrhage, seizures, etc., but pheochromocytoma crisis presenting as delirium has been infrequently reported. We present a case of a middle-aged female who presented with hypertensive emergency and an acute confusional state. Other causes of delirium were ruled out in the patient and a timely diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was made with CT abdomen showed a large right suprarenal mass which was confirmed on 123I-MIBG scan and supported by elevated plasma metanephrines. She responded to alpha and beta blockers following which her blood pressure spikes were controlled, and subsequently, her sensorium improved significantly. Patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor and was followed up after 2 weeks with her blood pressure controlled without any medications.

Conclusion:
A high degree of clinical suspicion is essential in such rare presentations of pheochromocytoma. Early diagnosis, adequate preoperative preoperative stabilization followed by a definitive surgical excision offers a complete cure to such patients.
Parental knowledge, views, and perceptions of human papilloma virus infection and vaccination-cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Tobaiqy Mansour A. , Mehdar Safaa A. , Altayeb Tasneem I. , Saad Tala M. , Alqutub Sulafa T. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly contagious virus that is linked to cervical cancer and is a major public health issue. Saudi Arabia national efforts aimed to have females aged 9-25 years to receive the available vaccine.

Objectives:
This study aims to explore parental knowledge, views, and perceptions around HPV in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional online questionnaire was used through direct interview to collect information from a group of parents attending King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire comprised items including demographics, knowledge, views, and perceptions of HPV infection and vaccination.

Results:
Of the 500 parents who participated in this study, only 54 (11%) had heard about HPV being associated with cervical cancer. The majority of the participants reported being from the middle social class (n = 472, 94.4%). The vast majority (n = 483, 96.8%) had never heard of the HPV vaccine and (n = 470, 94%) were unwilling to vaccinate their daughters. The primary reported reason behind refusing the vaccine was the lack of information on the importance of HPV vaccination (n = 426, 85.2%). The majority (n = 419, 83.8%) believed that there was insufficient information regarding vaccine safety and efficacy. Participants suggested ways to increase vaccination acceptance like social media awareness (n = 369, 73.8%), educational seminars in schools (n = 254, 50.8%), and a governmental platform (n = 218, 43.6%) providing information on HPV infection and promoting vaccination.

Conclusion:
Parents in the present study demonstrated a substantial lack of knowledge about HPV infection and vaccination, which may necessitate the establishment of national awareness campaigns.
Knowledge, perception, and beliefs of Saudi physicians at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh related to medical cannabis: Literature review and a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Alharbi Fares F , Alqahtani Taif M , Alzamil Alaa M , Alharbi Nouf H , Masud Nazish 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Cannabis is an herbaceous flowering plant, originally an indigenous plant in Eastern Asia, which later spread globally due to widespread agricultural practices. Cannabis was used medicinally until the early twentieth century, but subsequently prohibited due to the psychoactive effects.

Aims:
To explore the medical cannabis-related level of knowledge of physicians at King Abdulaziz Medical City, including patient needs, perceptions of therapeutic effects, potential harm, and the willingness to prescribe if legalized in future.

Methodology:
The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. It was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh from February 2020 to February 2021. All physicians from the different specialties, who consented to participate, were included in this study.

Statistical Analysis:
Descriptive statistics are presented as mean and standard deviation and proportions. An ANOVA test was applied to measure the association of the beliefs regarding the right to prescribe with overall knowledge. All tests were considered significant at P < 0.05.

Results:
A total of 249 physicians participated with the majority (70%) male. The sample was similar regardless of the physician’s position in the medical hierarchy, with a mean work experience of 8 years. Almost half of the participants indicated that they do not have good knowledge regarding the effects of MC products and more than half that they are unaware of the different MC products and formulations currently available.

Conclusion:
The majority of the sample lacked knowledge about the medicinal use of cannabis for specific indications and felt uncomfortable to discuss the medicinal use of cannabis with their patients.