bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global metabolomics minefield: Confounding effects of preanalytical factors when studying rare disorders
Authors: Skogvold Hanne Bendiksen , Wilson Steven Ray Haakon , Rønning Per Ola , Ferrante Linda , Opdal Siri Hauge , Rognum Torleiv Ole , Rootwelt Helge , Elgstøen Katja Benedikte Prestø 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA common challenge when studying rare diseases or medical conditions is the limited number of patients, usually resulting in long inclusion periods as well as unequal sampling and storage conditions. The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate the challenges when comparing samples subject to different preanalytical conditions. We performed a global (commonly referred to as “untargeted”) liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis of blood samples from cases of sudden infant death syndrome and controls stored as dried blood spots on a chemical‐free filter card for 15 years at room temperature compared with the same blood samples stored as whole blood at −80°C before preparing new dried blood spots using a chemically treated filter card. Principal component analysis plots distinctly separated the samples based on the type of filter card and storage, but not sudden infant death syndrome versus controls. Note that, 1263 out of 5161 and 642 out of 1587 metabolite features detected in positive and negative ionization mode, respectively, were found to have significant 2‐fold changes in amounts corresponding to different preanalytical conditions. The study demonstrates that the dried blood spot metabolome is largely affected by preanalytical factors. This emphasizes the importance of thoroughly addressing preanalytical factors during study design and interpretation, enabling identification of real, biological differences between sample groups whilst preventing other factors or random variation to be falsely interpreted as positive results.
Emotions and financial risk‐taking in the lab: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Marini Matteo M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper is a meta‐analysis of experimental studies dealing with the impact of incidental emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, and anger) on financial risk‐taking, so as to explain traditional heterogeneity of outcomes in the literature. After devising a standard search strategy and including studies that comply with a list of eligibility criteria, we code 114 effect sizes at the treatment level from 26 selected articles, and a battery of moderator variables representing design and sample characteristics. Meta‐regressions with adjusted predictions find causal impact of fear on risk aversion, albeit to a small extent. On the contrary, average null effects characterize happiness, sadness, and anger. It also turns out that when studies provide financial incentives, country‐level individualism moderates the relationship between emotions and risk‐taking by increasing risk propensity. We discuss possible interpretations of our findings.
Topographic anatomy of the submental artery and its clinical implications for reconstructive surgery
Authors: Ostrowski Patryk , Bonczar Michał , Gliwa Jakub , Henry Brandon M. , Wojciechowski Wadim , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKnowledge about the anatomy of the submental artery (SA) is of immense importance when performing plastic and reconstructive procedures. A retrospective study was performed to analyze the topographic anatomy of the SA. The measurements were performed on 80 consecutive patients who underwent head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA). The SA was present in 131 out of 137 hemifaces (95.6%). The vessel originated from the facial artery in all cases (100.0%). Moreover, the SA was found to have 0–4 branches. However, most commonly, the said artery had no branches of considerable size (51.1%). Due to the high variability of the course of the said artery, the authors of the present study created a novel classification system presenting the most prevalent courses of the SA in the submental region. The current study utilized 131 hemifaces of 80 (CTA) to create a heat map of the SA, illustrating its precise origin and course in the submental region. The findings of this study could assist surgeons in developing a mental map of the arterial anatomy of the submental region, potentially improving the efficiency of localizing the SA and reducing the risk of complications during plastic and reconstructive procedures.
Patent foramen ovale leading to mismanagement in a mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes patient
Authors: Salari Mehri , Etemadifar Masoud , Rashedi Ronak , Rashedi Romina 
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical MessageThe stroke‐like episodes and brain MRI lesions in MELAS usually have a nonischemic pattern, are resolved over time, and have a migrating pattern that helps us distinguish them from ischemic cerebral infarcts. Nevertheless, conditions such as intracardiac thromboses, PFO, and hypercoagulable state may be present concomitantly, leading to mismanagement. Therefore, further investigation and echocardiography are suggested in MELAS patients.AbstractMitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS) is the most common maternally‐inherited mitochondrial disorder presenting by stroke‐like episodes, seizures, encephalopathy and muscle weakness. We report the clinical, imaging, echocardiography and muscle biopsy findings of a patient presenting by unique characteristics which have not been reported in previous cases of MELAS. The reported case is a 34 year old man with the history of three times hospitalization due to muscle weakness, encephalopathy, progressive cognitive decline, and gradual visual loss. Muscle biopsy revealed Ragged Red Fibers concomitant with mitochondrial disorders. PFO was found in echocardiography leading to mismanagement of this patient and MR imaging showed ischemic lesions with a progressive pattern. This is the first reported case of MELAS accompanying with PFO. All previous reported cases of MELAS have mentioned a fluctuating characteristic for the ischemic lesions; hence this is the first case of MELAS with the progressive pattern of ischemic lesions.
Biocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)‐1‐[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol by an Immobilized KRED in Batch and Flow Conditions
Authors: Armani Daria , Piccolo Oreste , Petri Antonella 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBoth enantiomers of 1‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐ethanol (BTPE) constitute important building‐blocks for the synthesis of active pharmaceuticals ingredients (APIs). The reduction of 3’,5’‐bis(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone (BTAP) performed with soluble and immobilized ketoreductases (KREDs) can be considered as one of the most efficient routes to produce enantiopure BTPE. In the present work, a commercial KRED was employed as biocatalyst after undergoing immobilization processes and it proved to be extremely efficient in the asymmetric synthesis of (S)‐BTPE. The immobilization was studied on a set of different commercially available supports. The best results were obtained with samples immobilized via covalent interaction on short chain amino‐functionalized support. Two reaction parameters, temperature, and solvent were optimized in the biocatalytic reduction of BTAP in batch conditions. A 90 : 10 (v/v) 2‐propanol (IPA): water solvent system and 30 °C proved to be the best reaction conditions in terms of substrate conversion and easy recovery of the product by simple solvent evaporation. Biotransformations were then performed in a flow system under optimized reaction conditions obtaining with most samples complete conversion after 24 hours and excellent enantiomeric excess (>99.9 %). Finally, the reusability of the immobilized biocatalyst was successfully tested in five consecutive reaction cycles, demonstrating the potential of this approach.
Comparative study of artificial intelligence based multi‐modelling approach and optimization of photoreactor
Authors: Chowdhury Somnath , Roychowdhury Aratrika , Lahiri Sandip Kumar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study presents a generic methodology for modelling and optimizing a reactor with complex and poorly understood kinetics. Here, a photoreactor is considered which performs photodegradation of sodium oxalate salt in spent Bayer liquor. Multiple data‐driven modelling methods, including artificial neural networks (ANN), genetic programming (GP), hybrid genetic programming‐grey wolf optimization (GP‐GWO), and multi‐gene genetic programming (MGGP), were used to model the reactor's performance based on experimental data. The input parameters considered for modelling were initial solution pH, power of the lamp, total organic carbon, and catalyst loading. The models were evaluated based on their predictability, explainability, complexity, and adherence to the reactor's phenomenology. The MGGP model was found to be the most effective and was used to generate surface plots showing the parity between experimental results and model predictions. Additionally, the MGGP model was optimized using GWO to determine the process conditions that maximize the reaction rate.
The Prenucleation Equilibrium of the Parathyroid Hormone Determines the Critical Aggregation Concentration and Amyloid Fibril Nucleation
Authors: Voigt Bruno , Bhatia Twinkle , Hesselbarth Julia , Baumann Monika , Schmidt Carla , Ott Maria , Balbach Jochen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNucleation and growth of amyloid fibrils were found to only occur in supersaturated solutions above a critical concentration (ccrit). The biophysical meaning of ccrit remained mostly obscure, since typical low values of ccrit in the sub‐μM range hamper investigations of potential oligomeric states and their structure. Here, we investigate the parathyroid hormone PTH84 as an example of a functional amyloid fibril forming peptide with a comparably high ccrit of 67±21 μM. We describe a complex concentration dependent prenucleation ensemble of oligomers of different sizes and secondary structure compositions and highlight the occurrence of a trimer and tetramer at ccrit as possible precursors for primary fibril nucleation. Furthermore, the soluble state found in equilibrium with fibrils adopts to the prenucleation state present at ccrit. Our study sheds light onto early events of amyloid formation directly related to the critical concentration and underlines oligomer formation as a key feature of fibril nucleation. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of the determinants of supersaturated peptide solutions. In the current study we present a biophysical approach to investigate ccrit of amyloid fibril formation of PTH84 in terms of secondary structure, cluster size and residue resolved intermolecular interactions during oligomer formation. Throughout the investigated range of concentrations (1 μM to 500 μM) we found different states of oligomerization with varying ability to contribute to primary fibril nucleation and with a concentration dependent equilibrium. In this context, we identified the previously described ccrit of PTH84 to mark a minimum concentration for the formation of homo‐trimers/tetramers. These investigations allowed us to characterize molecular interactions of various oligomeric states that are further converted into elongation competent fibril nuclei during the lag phase of a functional amyloid forming peptide.
Two‐level scheduling of an active power distribution network by considering demand response program and uncertainties
Authors: Rahnama Alireza , Dejamkhooy Abdolmajid , Shayeghi Hossein 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigates a hierarchical approach for modeling the mutual impacts of distribution network (DN) decisions and microgrids in a multi‐microgrid system under the cover of a two‐level problem. Due to the conflicting interests of decision‐makers in an active DN, the optimization problem has a hierarchical structure, with distribution companies (Discos) at the top attempting to maximize profits and microgrids at the bottom attempting to reduce costs. This study examines the relationship between the unpredictability of renewable energy sources and power demand. In this mechanism, the influence of the demand response program (DRP) is also considered an important aspect of intelligent systems. The two‐level nonlinear optimization problem has been transformed to a one‐level linear problem using dual theory and KKT conditions. According to the findings of the studies, even though cost reduction is the sole objective of scheduling in centralized mode, applying DRP to the system results in a 16% reduction in overall costs for the two‐level scheduling method, and a 22% reduction in daily costs when compared to two‐level scheduling without DRP.
Real‐time hybrid simulation for fluid‐structure interaction: Structures under seismic and hydrodynamic forces
Authors: Zhou Zihao , Zhang Dan , Zhang Yafei , Gao Shuling , Yue Yanan , Li Ning 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA new real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) scheme for fluid‐structure interaction to investigate structures subjected to seismic and hydrodynamic forces is proposed. In traditional testing of underwater structures, the conflict between scaled specimen and unscaled water makes only partial similarity laws can be satisfied. In the proposed scheme, the hydrodynamic force is regarded as physical substructure (PS) and the target structure under earthquake is regarded as numerical substructure (NS). In RTHS, the deformation and displacement of NS are calculated and sent to the controller of loading system. Loading system deforms and drives the “skin” that makes the state of “skin” identical to that of NS, and then the hydrodynamic force on structure is measured and fed back to NS by sensors. “Skin” is a shell whose shape is consistent with target structure and sensors are arranged on the “skin” to measure the hydrodynamic force. Due to NS is simulated and PS is experimentally measured, only the similarity laws of hydrodynamic force should be satisfied in experiment, and the conflict of traditional testing can be avoided. For verifying the proposed scheme, five evaluation indexes proposed by a benchmark problem of RTHS and a modified index are used to quantitatively analyze the experimental results. The results indicate that the response of underwater structures under an earthquake can be accurately obtained by proposed RTHS scheme. Moreover, the proposed scheme is not only applicable to still water but also has the potential to be applied to the environment of waves and currents.
Profiles of diversity and inclusion motivation: Toward an employee‐centered understanding of why employees put effort into inclusion and exclusion
Authors: Dawson Niamh E. A. , Parker Stacey L. , Okimoto Tyler G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite their prevalence, workplace diversity and inclusion (D&I) practices continue to produce inconsistent effects on employee attitudes and behaviors. This shines a light on the need for evidence‐based approaches in understanding how employees enact D&I goals. Drawing on self‐determination theory, we argue that employee D&I motivation is an untapped pathway for understanding how inclusion‐supportive employee outcomes (i.e., more inclusion and less exclusion) emerge. In addition, we leverage attribution theory to inform when employee motivation can be shaped, demonstrating that employee attributions of the intentions behind their organization's D&I practices play an important role in shaping their subsequent D&I motivation. Across two studies, latent profile analysis identified five distinct profiles of D&I motivation, which were differentially related to inclusion and exclusion (Study 1) and predicted by D&I attributions (Studies 1 and 2). Combined, these findings highlight the importance of understanding employee motivations and attributions within the context of D&I. Such knowledge can inform how employees enact inclusion goals, which has the potential to help organizations realize the desired benefits of diversity.
Legitimization of data quality management practices in health management information systems: A soft systems methodology perspective
Authors: Msendema Martin Bright , Chigona Wallace , Kumwenda Benjamin , Kaasbøll Jens , Kanjo Chipo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecognizing the significance of data for policy change to improve population health, many developing countries and Health Partners have invested for decades in Health Management Information System (HMIS). Despite huge investments in technologies and capacity building to support the management of routine health data, there is still a problem in trying to make substantial improvements on gains made so far. A number of researchers have reported on lack of motivation, ownership, data use and work overload as some of the reasons explaining the persistent problem with routine health data quality. However not much has been reported on how legitimacy seekers and providers negotiate for the legitimacy of data quality management practices. We drew on this gap to explore how gaps are negotiated between the legitimacy seekers and the legitimacy providers when seeking legitimacy of data quality management practices in HMIS at micro level. Using institutional theory pillars: institutionalization and legitimation, we framed our qualitative study in soft systems methodology (SSM). We collected data using observations, semi‐structured interviews, and study of artifacts to answer our question based on the Malawi's District Health Information System (DHIS2) use case. Our findings revealed three factors shaping the gap negotiation: coercive approach, technical support and social relationship and moral judgment. The paper's contribution is two‐fold, (a) from a practical perspective we identify the pertinent context issues that come into play when negotiating a gap between the data cadres and the managers (from the Ministry of Health and partners) in the course of seeking legitimacy of data quality management practices; (b) theoretically we promote the application of SSM models with an institutional perspective in making sense of complex situations relating to legitimation.
Impact of a computer‐assisted pharmacy transitions of care process on medication de‐prescribing when transferring from the intensive care unit
Authors: Nulph Douglas , Bone Rachel , Jacobs Anna , Kimmons Lauren A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionOur hospital instituted a computer‐generated intensive care unit (ICU) transitions of care task which prompts pharmacists to evaluate patients with orders to transfer out of the ICU and includes the scope of practice to de‐prescribe medications based upon set criteria.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort analysis of adult patients transferred from the ICU to a lower level of care. The primary objective was to describe the number and type of interventions documented after implementation. The secondary objective was to compare, before and after implementation, the percent of inappropriate target medications discontinued within 12 h of ICU transfer order and continued upon hospital discharge.ResultsIn the 1‐year period after implementation, pharmacists identified interventions on 1290 of 3718 patients (34.7%) with transfer orders and documented a total of 1728 interventions. Data for 150 patients in each the pre‐implementation group and post‐implementation group were compared. Significantly more target acid suppressing medications and quetiapine were discontinued within 12 h of transfer order in the post‐ versus pre‐implementation group (famotidine 46% vs. 10%, p = 0.005; pantoprazole 80% vs. 5.5%, p < 0.001; quetiapine 71.4% vs. 10%, p = 0.005). Acid‐suppressing prescriptions started inpatient and continued at hospital discharge without indication were also reduced (famotidine 6.7% vs. 40%, p = 0.022; pantoprazole 6% vs. 41.1%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsImplementation of a pharmacist ICU transitions of care process was simple and resulted in pharmacist‐initiated medication reconciliation in one third of patients. The process significantly reduced the amount of inappropriate acid‐suppressing medications continued on ICU transfer and hospital discharge, as well as quetiapine continued on ICU transfer.
Structure and properties of the acellular porcine cornea irradiated with electron beam and its in‐situ implantation
Authors: Li Qing , Sun Yajun , Zhao Haibin , Gao Zhiyong , Zhai Dongjie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDifferent sterilization doses of the electron beam (E‐beam) will change the properties of biomaterials and affect their clinical application. Acellular porcine cornea (APC) is a promising corneal substitute to alleviate the shortage of corneal resources. The residual DNA was significantly reduced to 18.50 ± 3.19 ng/mg, and the clearance rate of α‐Gal was close to 100% after the treatment with freezing–thawing combined enzyme, indicating that the decellularization was effective. The effects of different E‐beam doses at 0, 2, 8, 15, and 25 kGy on the APC were studied. With the increase in irradiation dose, the transmittance, tensile strength, and swelling ratio of APC gradually decreased, but the resistance to enzymatic degradation was stronger than that of non‐irradiated APC, especially at 8 kGy. The structure of APC was denser after irradiation, but the dose of 25 kGy could cause partial collagen fiber fracture and increase the pore size. The cell viability of the APC irradiated by 15 and 25 kGy were greater than 80%. After the implantation in rabbit corneas, there was no obvious neovascularization and inflammation, but the dose of 25 kGy had a more destructive effect on the chemical bonds of collagen, which made the APC easier to be degraded. The thickness of APC in the 25 kGy group was thinner than that in the 15 kGy group 1 year after surgery, and the epithelium grew more slowly, so the E‐beam dose of 15 kGy might be more suitable for the sterilization of APC.