bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of polymer‐stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal films capable of broadband reflection using a three‐layer system of self‐diffusion
Authors: Liu Yutong , Zhang Xuetao , Cao Yue , Han Rui , Li Hui , Zhao Xiaohui , He Wanli , Yang Zhou , Wang Dong , Cao Hui , Wang Huihui , Zhou Hui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThrough a simple and effective method for preparing broadband reflective liquid crystal films, the advantages of the three‐layer system are expanded based on the two‐layer system. The cholesteric liquid crystals form a prepolymerized layer after semi‐curing. In the design of the top prepolymerization layer, there is less content of the chiral compound R5011, which results in the formation of cholesteric liquid crystal molecules with a larger pitch. Mainly by controlling the content of polymerizable monomers and UV‐absorbing dyes in cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs), a polymer network with density gradient distribution suitable for substance diffusion is formed, and the oleophobic substrate on one side of the low‐density polymer network is more likely to be peeled off. In the design of the lowest prepolymerization layer, the content of R5011 is higher, which results in the formation of cholesteric liquid crystals with a larger pitch. One side substrate of two cholesteric liquid crystal cassettes is peeled off and merged into a new liquid crystal cassette whose left and right sides are stacked with septum pads (20 μm), and the nematic liquid crystals are poured into the middle layer to form a three‐layer integrated film. The polymer network of the polymer‐stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs) itself in the bilayer was used as a diffusion channel. Chiral compounds and UV‐absorbing dyes were diffused from the cholesteric liquid crystal layer to the intermediate nematic liquid crystal layer by diffusion gradient method, resulting in liquid crystal films with arbitrary wavelength bands and ultrawide broadband reflection.
Natural angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: A safeguard against hypertension, respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic kidney diseases
Authors: Khaled Aya , Ahmed Esraa , Mamdouh Mohamed , Saad Hager , Mohamed Aya , Sobhy Marina , Piatti Diletta , Sabry Miral , Saad Muhammed A. , Sabry Omar M. , Caprioli Giovanni 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHypertension is a serious concern as it is one of the causes of kideny failure and pulmonary fibrosis. An important therapeutic strategy for treating chronic hypertension is to inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). ACE inhibition reduces kidney damage, pulmonary artery pressure, and high blood pressure. Due to their high efficacy and low risk of side effects, natural renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors have drawn increasing attention over the past decades. Alkaloids, amino acids, anthocyanidins, flavonoids, glucosinolates, isoflavonoids, phenolic acids, polyphenolics, and triterpenoids are among the bioactive metabolites pocessing an impressive ACE inhibitory activity. Many herbs including Rosmarinus officinalis, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Curcuma longa, Rauwolfia serpentina, Emblica officinalis, Cynara scolymus, Punica granatum, Mucuna pruriens, Capsicum annuum, and Moringa olifera were found having ACE inhibitory activities comparable to captopril and enalpril. These enticing natural ACE inhibitors deserve to be a safeguard medicine against hypertension, respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic kidney diseases. More clinical trials are required before new natural compounds and herbs can be used to treat chronic hypertension and its ramifications, such as respiratory distress syndrome and kidney failure.
High‐performance liquid chromatography‐based assay optimization for the detection of plasma amino acids for applications in metabolic disorders in developing countries
Authors: Wasim Muhammad , Khan Haq Nawaz , Tawab Abdul , Habib Fazal e , Iqbal Mazhar , Awan Fazli Rabbi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlasma amino acids are generally analyzed through ion exchange chromatography, a reproducible but time‐consuming method. Here, we report the optimization of a reverse‐phase‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (RP‐HPLC‐FLD) assay for the detection and quantification of plasma amino acids for potential applications in metabolic disorders (e.g., aminoacidopathies, a rare group of Inborn Errors of Metabolism). For assay development, initially standard amino acids were derivatized with ortho‐phthalaldehyde‐3‐mercaptopropionic acid (OPA‐3‐MPA) and filtered through a 0.20 μm syringe filter. The excitation and emission wavelengths of 240–450 nm (λex—λem) were used for the detection of amino acids. Chromatographic separation was achieved by gradient RP‐HPLC‐FLD through C18 symmetry column (150 × 4.6 mm, particle size 3.5 μm). HPLC assay was successfully optimized and was able to detect amino acids in the range of 10–400 ng/mL and good linearity (R2 > 0.98) was achieved in the mixture for each standard amino acid. Moreover, the current assay showed great efficiency with two additional advantages: the use of low‐cost mobile phases, and the detection and quantification of amino acids at low level (ng/mL) concentration in biofluids. This assay could be applied for the analysis of human plasma to identify aminoacidopathies in newborn screening programs, and other metabolic disorders.
On transforming model‐based tests into code: A systematic literature review
Authors: Ferrari Fabiano C. , Durelli Vinicius H. S. , Andler Sten F. , Offutt Jeff , Saadatmand Mehrdad , Müllner Nils 
Published: September 2023

SummaryModel‐based test design is increasingly being applied in practice and studied in research. Model‐based testing (MBT) exploits abstract models of the software behaviour to generate abstract tests, which are then transformed into concrete tests ready to run on the code. Given that abstract tests are designed to cover models but are run on code (after transformation), the effectiveness of MBT is dependent on whether model coverage also ensures coverage of key functional code. In this article, we investigate how MBT approaches generate tests from model specifications and how the coverage of tests designed strictly based on the model translates to code coverage. We used snowballing to conduct a systematic literature review. We started with three primary studies, which we refer to as the initial seeds. At the end of our search iterations, we analysed 30 studies that helped answer our research questions. More specifically, this article characterizes how test sets generated at the model level are mapped and applied to the source code level, discusses how tests are generated from the model specifications, analyses how the test coverage of models relates to the test coverage of the code when the same test set is executed and identifies the technologies and software development tasks that are on focus in the selected studies. Finally, we identify common characteristics and limitations that impact the research and practice of MBT:(i) some studies did not fully describe how tools transform abstract tests into concrete tests,(ii) some studies overlooked the computational cost of model‐based approaches and (iii) some studies found evidence that bears out a robust correlation between decision coverage at the model level and branch coverage at the code level. We also noted that most primary studies omitted essential details about the experiments.
Role of PLC/IP3/IP3R axis in excess molybdenum exposure induced apoptosis in duck renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Guo Huiling , Zhang Caiying , Pu Wenjing , Chu Xuesheng , Huang Gang , Cui Ting , Huang Bingyan , Liu Hang , Dai Xueyan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExcess molybdenum (Mo) is harmful to animals, but its nephrotoxicity has not been comprehensively explained. To appraise the influences of excess Mo on Ca homeostasis and apoptosis via PLC/IP3/IP3R axis, primary duck renal tubular epithelial cells were exposed to 480 μM and 960 μM Mo, and joint of 960 μM Mo and 10 μM 2‐APB or 0.125 μM U‐73122 for 12 h (U‐73122 pretreated for 1 h), respectively. The data revealed that the increment of [Ca2+]c induced by Mo mainly originated from intracellular Ca storage. Mo exposure reduced [Ca2+]ER, elevated [Ca2+]mit, [Ca2+]c, and the expression of Ca homeostasis‐related factors (Calpain, CaN, CRT, GRP94, GRP78 and CaMKII). 2‐APB could effectively reverse subcellular Ca2+ redistribution by inhibiting IP3R, which confirmed that [Ca2+]c overload induced by Mo originated from ER. Additionally, PLC inhibitor U‐73122 remarkably mitigated the change, and dramatically reduced the number of apoptotic cells, the expression of Bak‐1, Bax, cleaved‐Caspase‐3/Caspase‐3, and notably increased the expression of Bcl‐xL, Bcl‐2, and Bcl‐2/Bax ratio. Overall, the results confirmed that the Ca2+ liberation of ER via PLC/IP3/IP3R axis was the main cause of [Ca2+]c overload, and then stimulated apoptosis in duck renal tubular epithelial cells.
Advanced wind turbine control development using field test analysis for generator overspeed mitigation
Authors: Phadnis Mandar , Zalkind Daniel , Pao Lucy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTurbulent and gusty wind conditions can cause generator overspeed peaks to exceed a threshold that then lead to wind turbine shutdowns, which then decrease the energy production of the wind turbines. We derive so‐called “gust measures” that predict when generator overspeed peaks may occur. These gust measures are then used to develop advanced controllers to mitigate generator overspeed peaks so that wind turbines can operate more robustly in difficult wind conditions without exceeding generator overspeed thresholds that would lead to turbine shutdown events. The advanced controllers are demonstrated in nonlinear aeroelastic simulations using the open‐source wind turbine simulation tool OpenFAST. To increase the realism of the simulations, they are run using field‐replicated wind conditions and a wind turbine model based on data from an experimental field campaign on a downscaled demonstrator of a novel extreme‐scale, two‐bladed, downwind rotor design.
Database Internals: Hardware and Operating System Interactions
Authors: Mendes Felipe Cardeneti , Sarna Piotr , Emelyanov Pavel , Dunlop Cynthia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA database’s internal architecture makes a tremendous impact on the latency it can achieve and the throughput it can handle. Being an extremely complex piece of software, a database doesn’t exist in a vacuum, but rather interacts with the environment, which includes the operating system and the hardware.
Processes and Structures for Agile Product Development
Authors: Schuh Günther , Tittel Jonas , Amft André , Apelt Sebastian , Bergs Thomas , Boßmann Carsten , Brecher Christian , Brettel Malte , Briele Kristof , Flemisch Frank , Jacobs Georg , Jagla Patrick , Jansen Nico , Kuhn Maximilian , Meißner Maximilian , Perau Stefan , Piller Frank , Preutenborbeck Michael , Rey Markus , Rumpe Bernhard , Schmitt Robert , Wiesch Marian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe work stream CRD-C.I of the Cluster of Excellence Internet of Production focuses on the topic of agile product development in order to enable reduced lead-times as well as exceeded customer and user satisfaction in product development. The main emphasis of the research lies on the associated processes and structures. In the course of the first 3 years of the Internet of Production, answers to relevant research questions of agile product development were developed within and between the research areas of market development, organization, data and engineering as well as production of prototypes. This chapter presents selected focus areas and insights from these research areas.
Introduction
Authors: Reibling Nadine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhy write a book on medicalization and psychologization in the welfare state? In this introduction, Reibling points out how the topical issue of research on medialization and psychologization can enter into a much-needed academic dialogue with research on the welfare state. This chapter provides multiple examples of the importance of medicine and psychology across various fields of the welfare state, including unemployment, poverty, homelessness, families, education, and social care. Furthermore, the chapter introduces its central country case—that of Germany—and highlights the fact that this book represents one of the first studies to investigate medicalization and psychologization in social policies in the context of a conservative welfare state.
Winding θ and destructive interference of instantons
Authors: Nguyen Mendel , Tanizaki Yuya , Ünsal Mithat 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
While the θ dependence of field theories is 2π periodic, the ground-state wavefunctions at θ and θ + 2π often belong to different classes of symmetry-protected topological states. When this is the case, a continuous change of the θ parameter can introduce an interface that supports a nontrivial field theory localized on the wall. We consider the 2d ℂPN−1 sigma model as an example and construct a weak-coupling setup of this interface theory by considering the small S1 compactification with nonzero winding θ parameter and a suitable symmetry-twisted boundary condition. This system has N classical vacua connected by fractional instantons, but the anomaly constraint tells us that the fractional-instanton amplitudes should vanish completely to have N-fold degeneracy at the quantum level. We show how this happens in this purely bosonic system, uncovering that the integration over the zero modes annihilates the fractional instanton amplitudes, in sharp contrast to what happens when the θ angle is constant. Moreover, we provide another explanation of this selection rule by showing that the N perturbative vacua acquire different charges under the global symmetry with the activation of the winding θ angle. We also demonstrate a similar destructive interference between instanton effects in the ℂPN−1 quantum mechanics with the Berry phase.
Imprints of a supercooled phase transition in the gravitational wave spectrum from a cosmic string network
Authors: Ferrer Francesc , Ghoshal Anish , Lewicki Marek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA network of cosmic strings (CS), if present, would continue emitting gravitational waves (GW) as it evolves throughout the history of the Universe. This results in a characteristic broad spectrum making it a perfect source to infer the expansion history. In particular, a short inflationary period caused by a supercooled phase transition would cause a drop in the spectrum at frequencies corresponding to that event. However, the impact on the spectrum is similar to the ones caused by an early matter-dominated era or from particle production, making it difficult to disentangle these different physical origins. We point out that, in the case of a short inflationary period, the GW spectrum receives an additional contribution from the phase transition itself. This leads to a characteristic imprint of a peak on top of a wide plateau both visible at future GW observatories.
Evidence for an accumulation of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) in human tissues: a re-evaluation of biopsy and autopsy data
Authors: Pirow Ralph , Concin Nicole , Grob Koni 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConsumers are exposed to mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) e.g. through foodstuffs and cosmetics. Upon ingestion, MOH follow the absorption pathway of dietary lipids. Analytical chemistry has revealed the presence of the main fraction, designated as mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH), in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), liver, spleen, and adipose tissue. Recent results from animal studies raised concerns about a long-term, possibly irreversible accumulation of some MOSH in humans. To address this issue, we performed a statistical re-analysis of published biopsy and autopsy data regarding the age-dependence of MOSH levels in human tissue. MOSH concentrations in MLNs and adipose tissue showed a 1.2–1.4-fold increase per decade, pointing to very long-term accumulation in both tissues. There was no evidence for age-dependent MOSH concentrations in liver and spleen. There was no sex difference in the MOSH concentrations in MLNs, suggesting a similar oral exposure for men and women. On average, women had a 2.2–2.5-fold higher MOSH concentration in the liver, spleen and adipose tissue compared to men. This finding may point to a sex difference in metabolism, in line with animal data. The use of certain cosmetics was a relevant predictor in addition to age. Women that used cosmetics like lipstick, hand cream, and sun cream had an average 2.1-fold higher MOSH concentration in abdominal subcutaneous fat than non-users.
The working life expectancy of American adults experiencing depression
Authors: Dobson Kathleen G. , Gignac Monique A. M. , Mustard Cameron A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the working life expectancies (WLE) of men and women with depression, examining depression by symptom trajectories from the late 20s to early 50s, and to estimate WLE by race/ethnicity and educational attainment.MethodsData from 9206 participants collected from 1979 to 2018 in the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort were used. Depression was measured using theCenter for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Short Format four time points (age 28–35, age 30–37, age 40, and age 50). Labor force status was measured monthly starting at age 30 until age 58–62. Depressive symptom trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modeling and multistate modeling estimated WLE from age 30–60 for each gender and depressive symptom trajectory.ResultsFive latent symptom trajectories were established: a persistent low symptom trajectory (n = 6838), an episodic trajectory with high symptoms occurring before age 40 (n = 995), an episodic trajectory with high symptoms occurring around age 40 (n = 526), a trajectory with high symptoms occurring around age 50 (n = 570), and a persistent high symptom trajectory (n = 277). The WLE for men at age 30 was 30.3 years for the persistent low symptom trajectory, 22.8 years for the episodic before 40 trajectory, 19.6 years for the episodic around age 40 trajectory, 18.6 years for the episodic around age 50 trajectory, and 13.2 years for the persistent high symptom trajectory. Results were similar for women. WLE disparities between depression trajectories grew when stratified by race/ethnicity and education level.ConclusionsRoughly a quarter of individuals experienced episodic depressive symptoms. However, despite periods of low depressive symptoms, individuals were expected to be employed ~5–17 years less at age 30 compared to those with low symptoms. Accessible employment and mental health disability support policies and programs across the working life course may be effective in maintaining work attachment and improving WLE among those who experience depression.
OCT1-dependent uptake of structurally diverse pyrrolizidine alkaloids in human liver cells is crucial for their genotoxic and cytotoxic effects
Authors: Haas Manuel , Ackermann Gabriel , Küpper Jan-Heiner , Glatt Hansruedi , Schrenk Dieter , Fahrer Jörg 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are important plant hepatotoxins, which occur as contaminants in plant-based foods, feeds and phytomedicines. Numerous studies demonstrated that the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of PAs depend on their chemical structure, allowing for potency ranking and grouping. Organic cation transporter-1 (OCT1) was previously shown to be involved in the cellular uptake of the cyclic PA diesters monocrotaline, retrorsine and senescionine. However, little is known about the structure-dependent transport of PAs. Therefore, we investigated the impact of OCT1 on the uptake and toxicity of three structurally diverse PAs (heliotrine, lasiocarpine and riddelliine) differing in their degree and type of esterification in metabolically competent human liver cell models and hamster fibroblasts. Human HepG2-CYP3A4 liver cells were exposed to the respective PA in the presence or absence of the OCT1-inhibitors d-THP and quinidine, revealing a strongly attenuated cytotoxicity upon OCT1 inhibition. The same experiments were repeated in V79-CYP3A4 hamster fibroblasts, confirming that OCT1 inhibition prevents the cytotoxic effects of all tested PAs. Interestingly, OCT1 protein levels were much lower in V79-CYP3A4 than in HepG2-CYP3A4 cells, which correlated with their lower susceptibility to PA-induced cytotoxicity. The cytoprotective effect of OCT1 inhibiton was also demonstrated in primary human hepatocytes following PA exposure. Our experiments further showed that the genotoxic effects triggered by the three PAs are blocked by OCT1 inhibition as evidenced by strongly reduced γH2AX and p53 levels. Consistently, inhibition of OCT1-mediated uptake suppressed the activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) as revealed by decreased phosphorylation of checkpoint kinases upon PA treatment. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PAs, independent of their degree of esterification, are substrates for OCT1-mediated uptake into human liver cells. We further provided evidence that OCT1 inhibition prevents PA-triggered genotoxicity, DDR activation and subsequent cytotoxicity. These findings highlight the crucial role of OCT1 together with CYP3A4-dependent metabolic activation for PA toxicity.
Impact of endocrine disruptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro: role of gender
Authors: Maddalon Ambra , Cari Luigi , Iulini Martina , Alhosseini Mahdieh Naghavi , Galbiati Valentina , Marinovich Marina , Nocentini Giuseppe , Corsini Emanuela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHumans can be exposed to endocrine disruptors (EDs) in numerous ways. EDs can interfere with endogenous hormones at different levels, resulting in numerous adverse human health outcomes, including immunotoxicity. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate in vitro the possible effects of EDs on immune cells and possible gender differences. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy humans, both males and females, were exposed to 6 different EDs, namely atrazine (herbicide), cypermethrin (insecticide), diethyl phthalate (plasticizer), 17α-ethynylestradiol (contraceptive drug), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (persistent organic pollutant), and vinclozolin (fungicide). We evaluated the effect of EDs on RACK1 (receptor for activated C kinase 1) expression, considering it as a bridge between the endocrine and the immune system, and putatively used as screening tool of immunotoxic effects of EDs. The exposure to EDs resulted at different extent in alteration in RACK1 expression, pro-inflammatory activity, natural killer lytic ability, and lymphocyte differentiation, with sex-related differences. In particular, diethyl phthalate and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid resulted the most active EDs tested, with gender differences in terms of effects and magnitude. The results from our study evidenced the ability of EDs to directly affect immune cells.
Polynomial methods to construct inputs for uniformly ensemble reachable linear systems
Authors: Schönlein Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with linear parameter-dependent systems and considers the notion of uniform ensemble reachability. The focus of this work is on constructive methods to compute suitable parameter-independent open-loop inputs for such systems. In contrast to necessary and sufficient conditions for ensemble reachability, computational methods have to distinguish between continuous-time and discrete-time systems. Based on recently derived sufficient conditions and techniques from polynomial approximation, we present two methods for discrete-time single-input linear systems. Moreover, we illustrate that one method can also be applied to certain continuous-time single-input systems.