bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative diagnosis of knee cartilage, meniscal, and ligament injuries by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Nakagawa Yasuaki , Mukai Shogo , Sakai Sayako , Nakamura Ryota , Takahashi Motoi , Nakagawa Shinnosuke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to report on the current accuracy measures specific to 1.5‐Tesla MRI of the knee in the patient population prone to injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the menisci, and the articular cartilage.MethodsWe accrued patients between January 2018 through August 2021 who underwent a preoperative MRI and were diagnosed with an articular cartilage injury either due to unevenness of articular cartilage in T2‐weighted sequences or due to the irregularity of subchondral bone in T1‐weighted sequences. All patients were treated arthroscopically. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated for the detection of ACL, meniscus, and cartilage injuries. A P‐value of < 0.05 represented statistical significance.ResultsOne‐hundred and forty‐seven cases which included 150 knee joints were enrolled in this study. The mean age at the time of surgery was 42.9 years‐old. The sensitivity in the diagnosis of ACL injuries was significantly greater than that in the diagnosis of cartilage injuries (P = 0.0083). The ratios of the equality of operative indication in 6 recipient sites were found to be between 90.0% and 96.0%. The diagnostic critical point was within a 1 cm in diameter.ConclusionThe diagnostic sensitivity in cartilage injuries was significantly lower than ones of ACL and meniscal injuries. The ratios of the equality of operative indication was determined to be between 90.0% and 96.0%, if we consider the unevenness of articular cartilage or the irregularity of subchondral bone.Level of evidenceLevel III, Prospective diagnostic cohort study.
Risk factors for insufficient ultrasound‐guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block
Authors: Abe Shingo , Kondo Hiroki , Tomiyama Yohei , Shimada Toshiki , Bun Masayuki , Kuriyama Kohji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeUltrasound‐guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SCBPB) is performed by surgeons for upper limb anesthesia; however, certain patients need additional local anesthesia. This study aimed to identify risk factors for additional local anesthetic injection requirements.MethodsIn total, 269 patients receiving ultrasound‐guided SCBPB were enrolled. Patient age, sex, body mass index, anesthetic drug dose, surgeon expertise (hand surgeon or resident), tourniquet time, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus and mental disorders), and preoperative blood pressure representing anxiety were compared between the additional local anesthesia and no additional local anesthesia groups matched for background using propensity scores. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine risk factor cut‐off values with the highest predictive potential.ResultsOf 269 patients, 41 (15.2%) required additional intraoperative local anesthesia. Among surgical sites, elbow surgery showed the highest prevalence of the need for additional local anesthesia (17/41, 41%). A high body mass index and high systolic blood pressure before surgery were identified as risk factors for additional intraoperative local anesthesia requirement. Furthermore, systolic blood pressure > 170 mmHg (area under the curve, 0.66) predicted the need for intraoperative local anesthesia with 36% sensitivity, 89% specificity, 37.5% positive predictive value, and 88.6% negative predictive value. The median systolic blood pressure was significantly greater in patients requiring additional local anesthesia than in those not requiring it [151 (139–171) mmHg vs. 145 (127–155) mmHg; P = 0.026].ConclusionElbow surgery, obesity, and high systolic blood pressure (> 170 mmHg) before surgery are predictive of additional intraoperative local anesthesia requirement.Level of EvidencePrognostic Level III
Quantitative application of dual-phase 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT imaging of parathyroid lesions: identification of optimal timing in secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Wang Yuhua , Liu Ye , Li Na , Xu Kang , Zhang Wanchun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In this retrospective study, we compared the maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of parathyroid lesions and the target-to-background ratio (TBR) of parathyroid lesions to thyroid tissue in early-phase single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) versus delayed-phase SPECT/CT in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in order to determine the optimal timing of 99mTc- methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) SPECT/CT imaging.

Methods
Seventeen patients with a history of chronic kidney failure stage 5 on hemodialysis, underwent pre-operative parathyroid scintigraphy for detection and localization of parathyroid lesions. Retrospective analysis was conducted for lesions with focal accumulation of 99mTc-MIBI. All patients underwent dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy and dual-phase SPECT/CT. SUVmax of parathyroid lesions and thyroid tissues was measured.

Results
Mean SUVmax of parathyroid lesions was 4.86 on early-phase and 2.58 on delayed-phase SPECT/CT, respectively. Mean TBR was 1.14 on early phase and 1.48 on delayed-phase SPECT/CT, respectively. Statistically significant differences in SUVmax and TBR between dual-phase SPECT/CT were observed (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Delayed-phase SPECT/CT in SHPT is required because of the better image contrast.
Acute hemorrhagic cholecystitis related to diffuse neurofibroma of gallbladder in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Omura Takeshi , Ikawa Koichi , Kudo Eiji 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
We report the first case of acute hemorrhagic cholecystitis with large hemoperitoneum related to gallbladder wall fragility caused by neurofibroma cell infiltration.

Case presentation
A 46-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), who had been hospitalized for retroperitoneal hematoma and treated by transarterial embolization 9 days earlier, complained of right upper quadrant pain, bloating, nausea, and emesis. Computed tomography revealed fluid collection and a distended gallbladder with high-density contents. The patient was taken to the operating room for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with consideration of the hemodynamic tolerance, for acute hemorrhagic cholecystitis. An initial laparoscopy revealed a significant amount of blood in the abdominal cavity exuding from the gallbladder. Due to its fragility, the gallbladder was easily ruptured by surgical manipulation. After conversion to open surgery, subtotal cholecystectomy was performed. Seventeen days after surgery, the patient was transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation. Histological examination revealed diffuse and nodular proliferation of spindle cells that had replaced the muscularis propria of the gallbladder wall.

Conclusion
This clinical case highlights how NF1 can cause various symptoms in the blood vessels and gastrointestinal tract, including the gallbladder.
What is the color when black is burned? Quantifying (re)burn severity using field and satellite remote sensing indices
Authors: Saberi Saba J. , Harvey Brian J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Trends of increasing area burned in many regions worldwide are leading to more locations experiencing short-interval reburns (i.e., fires occurring two or more times in the same place within 1–3 decades). Field and satellite indices of burn severity are well tested in forests experiencing a single recent fire, but the reliability of these indices in short-interval reburns is poorly understood. We tested how a commonly used field index (the Composite Burn Index, CBI) and satellite index (the Relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio, RdNBR) compared to eight individual field measures of burn severity in short-interval reburns vs. areas burned in one recent fire, and whether results depended on whether the first fire was stand replacing (fire that is lethal to most dominant trees).

Results
Correspondence between both CBI and RdNBR with individual burn severity measures differed in short-interval reburns compared to single fires for some metrics of burn severity. Divergence in the relationship between both CBI and RdNBR vs. field measures was greatest when short-interval reburns followed a prior stand-replacing fire, and measures were more comparable to single fires when the first fire was non-stand replacing (i.e., lower severity). When short-interval reburns followed prior stand-replacing fires, CBI and RdNBR underestimated burn severity in the second fire for tree-canopy metrics (e.g., canopy cover loss, tree mortality), as young forests in early developmental stages are more sensitive to a second fire. Conversely, when short-interval reburns followed prior less-than-stand-replacing fires, both CBI and RdNBR overestimated burn severity for forest-floor metrics, as past low severity fires leave behind live fire-resistant trees and can stimulate resprouting understory vegetation. Finally, neither CBI nor RdNBR accurately detected deep wood charring—an important phenomenon that occurs in short-interval reburns.

Conclusion
Our findings inform interpretability of commonly used indices of burn severity in short-interval reburns by identifying how individual burn severity metrics can be under- or over-estimated, depending on the severity of the fire preceding a reburn. Adjustments to burn severity measurements made in short-interval reburns are particularly critical as reburned areas increase.
Frontiers in microfinance research for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and microfinance institutions (MFIs): a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Lwesya Francis , Mwakalobo Adam Beni Swebe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article aims to present current research trends in microfinance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and microfinance institutions (MFIs), as microfinance plays an increasingly role in entrepreneurship development and poverty alleviation. The study uses a bibliometric analysis, in this work, we performed citation, bibliographic coupling, and keyword evolution analyses. The results show that research in microfinance for SMEs and microfinance institutions continue to grow. The authors found that recent research in microfinance for SMEs and microfinance institutions has evolved around eight thematic clusters, covering (1) access to and constraints on microcredit for SMEs (2) microfinance and economic empowerment, (3) sustainability of MFIs, (4) creditworthiness, microfinance technology infrastructure and financing patterns, (5) Islamic financial inclusion, (6) credit assessment models for microcredit, (7) microfinance and innovative business models, and (8) gender and equity crowdfunding. Research gaps in each of the thematic clusters are identified. Topics related to COVID-19, Islamic social finance, microfinance institutions, credit scoring models, crowdfunding, and entrepreneurial finance are likely to feature in the domain of microfinance and sustainability of MFIs in future.
Neglected foreign body in esophagus treated as chest infection: a case report
Authors: Kumar Pratik , Sachdeva Meenakshi , Kumar Bhavesh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Esophageal foreign body impaction is one of the common reasons of referral to Ear Nose Throat clinic. It is a medical emergency requiring urgent evaluation and treatment. Esophageal foreign body in a very young child can be a diagnostic challenge.

Case presentation
In this case, we report an unusual sharp foreign body in the upper aerodigestive tract of a 20-month-old female child. It was neglected and misdiagnosed in the initial phase and was treated as a case of upper respiratory tract infection. Chest X-ray done was suggestive of a radiopaque irregular sharp foreign body at the level of the 6th cervical vertebra. The patient underwent rigid esophagoscopy on an urgent basis, and the foreign body was removed without any complication.

Conclusion
Esophageal foreign body in a very young child can mimic upper respiratory tract infection due to atypical symptoms. Strong witness history along with X-rays of the neck, chest, and abdomen help in making the immediate diagnosis. Clinicians should always advise parents for supervision of their children during play.
Fostering resilience in healthcare professionals during and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vitorino Catarina , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Carona Carlos 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial negative psychosocial impact due to both the outbreak and the global response to it. As we know from previous health crises, front-line workers are among the risk groups for developing serious mental health problems. As a result of the continuous exposure to highly stressful circumstances, directly in their jobs and indirectly through media consumption and related societal pressures, healthcare professionals are at increased risk for distress, compassion fatigue, burnout and emotional disorders. Recent studies have been revealing specific stressors faced by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak, such as limited resources, work overload, fear of infecting significant others and isolation/loneliness. However, research has shown heterogeneity in adaptation to adversities, with many individuals being able to bounce back. Based on this growing evidence, this article provides a clinical working framework to empower healthcare professionals, by critically discussing resilience-promoting strategies along the intra- and interpersonal dimensions of control, coherence and connectedness.
Psychiatric risk factors for chronic high-dose opioid prescribing: register-based cohort study
Authors: van der Hoorn Mariëlle M. C. , Kalkman Gerard A. , Weesie Yvette M. , Atsma Femke , Schellekens Arnt 
Published: April 2023

Background
Chronic high-dose (CHD) prescription opioid use is a major public health concern. Although CHD opioid use has been associated with psychiatric disorders, the causality could go both ways. Some studies have already linked psychiatric disorders to an increased risk of transitioning to chronic opioid use, and longitudinal data identifying psychiatric disorders as predictors of CHD opioid use could shed further light on this issue.

Aims
To prospectively examine the relationship between the presence of a psychiatric disorder and subsequent development of CHD opioid use in primary care patients newly receiving opioids.

Method
Data were included from 137 778 primary care patients in The Netherlands. Cox regression modelling was used to examine the association between psychiatric disorders prior to a new opioid prescription and subsequent CHD opioid use (≥90 days; ≥50 mg/day oral morphine equivalents) in the subsequent 2 years.

Results
Of all patients receiving a new opioid prescription, 2.0% developed CHD opioid use. A psychiatric disorder before the start of an opioid prescription increased the risk of CHD opioid use (adjusted hazard ratio HR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.62–1.88), specifically psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, neurocognitive disorders and multiple co-occurring psychiatric episodes. Similarly, pharmacotherapy for psychosis, substance use disorders and mood and/or anxiety disorders increased the risk of CHD opioid use. Psychiatric polypharmacy conferred the greatest risk of developing CHD opioid use.

Conclusions
Psychiatric disorders increase the risk of developing CHD opioid use in patients newly receiving prescription opioids. To reduce the public health burden of CHD opioid use, careful monitoring and optimal treatment of psychiatric conditions are advised when opioid therapy is initiated.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment in Patients With Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update
Authors: Key Nigel S. , Khorana Alok A. , Kuderer Nicole M. , Bohlke Kari , Lee Agnes Y.Y. , Arcelus Juan I. , Wong Sandra L. , Balaban Edward P. , Flowers Christopher R. , Gates Leigh E. , Kakkar Ajay K. , Tempero Margaret A. , Gupta Shilpi , Lyman Gary H. , Falanga Anna 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE To conduct an update of the ASCO venous thromboembolism (VTE) guideline. METHODS After publication of potentially practice-changing clinical trials, identified through ASCO's signals approach to updating, an updated systematic review was performed for two guideline questions: perioperative thromboprophylaxis and treatment of VTE. PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between November 1, 2018, and June 6, 2022. RESULTS Five RCTs provided information that contributed to changes to the 2019 recommendations. Two RCTs addressed direct factor Xa inhibitors (either rivaroxaban or apixaban) for extended thromboprophylaxis after surgery. Each of these postoperative trials had important limitations but suggested that these two oral anticoagulants are safe and effective in the settings studied. An additional three RCTs addressed apixaban in the setting of VTE treatment. Apixaban was effective in reducing the risk of recurrent VTE, with a low risk of major bleeding. RECOMMENDATIONS Apixaban and rivaroxaban were added as options for extended pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis after cancer surgery, with a weak strength of recommendation. Apixaban was also added as an option for the treatment of VTE, with high quality of evidence and a strong recommendation. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines .
Persistent Molecular Disease in Adult Patients With AML Evaluated With Whole-Exome and Targeted Error-Corrected DNA Sequencing
Authors: Slade Michael J. , Ghasemi Reza , O'Laughlin Michelle , Burton Tasha , Fulton Robert S. , Abel Haley J. , Duncavage Eric J. , Ley Timothy J. , Jacoby Meagan A. , Spencer David H. 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE Persistent molecular disease (PMD) after induction chemotherapy predicts relapse in AML. In this study, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) and targeted error-corrected sequencing to assess the frequency and mutational patterns of PMD in 30 patients with AML. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study cohort included 30 patients with adult AML younger than 65 years who were uniformly treated with standard induction chemotherapy. Tumor/normal WES was performed for all patients at presentation. PMD analysis was evaluated in bone marrow samples obtained during clinicopathologic remission using repeat WES and analysis of patient-specific mutations and error-corrected sequencing of 40 recurrently mutated AML genes (MyeloSeq). RESULTS WES for patient-specific mutations detected PMD in 63% of patients (19/30) using a minimum variant allele fraction (VAF) of 2.5%. In comparison, MyeloSeq identified persistent mutations above 0.1% VAF in 77% of patients (23/30). PMD was usually present at relatively high levels (>2.5% VAFs), such that WES and MyeloSeq agreed for 73% of patients despite differences in detection limits. Mutations in DNMT3A, ASXL1, and TET2 (ie, DTA mutations) were persistent in 16 of 17 patients, but WES also detected non-DTA mutations in 14 of these patients, which for some patients distinguished residual AML cells from clonal hematopoiesis. Surprisingly, MyeloSeq detected additional variants not identified at presentation in 73% of patients that were consistent with new clonal cell populations after chemotherapy. CONCLUSION PMD and clonal hematopoiesis are both common in patients with AML in first remission. These findings demonstrate the importance of baseline testing for accurate interpretation of mutation-based tumor monitoring assays for patients with AML and highlight the need for clinical trials to determine whether these complex mutation patterns correlate with clinical outcomes in AML.
ConFERMing the role of talin in integrin activation and mechanosignaling
Authors: Bachmann Michael , Su Baihao , Rahikainen Rolle , Hytönen Vesa P. , Wu Jinhua , Wehrle-Haller Bernhard 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Talin (herein referring to the talin-1 form), is a cytoskeletal adapter protein that binds integrin receptors and F-actin, and is a key factor in the formation and regulation of integrin-dependent cell–matrix adhesions. Talin forms the mechanical link between the cytoplasmic domain of integrins and the actin cytoskeleton. Through this linkage, talin is at the origin of mechanosignaling occurring at the plasma membrane–cytoskeleton interface. Despite its central position, talin is not able to fulfill its tasks alone, but requires help from kindlin and paxillin to detect and transform the mechanical tension along the integrin–talin–F-actin axis into intracellular signaling. The talin head forms a classical FERM domain, which is required to bind and regulate the conformation of the integrin receptor, as well as to induce intracellular force sensing. The FERM domain allows the strategic positioning of protein–protein and protein–lipid interfaces, including the membrane-binding and integrin affinity-regulating F1 loop, as well as the interaction with lipid-anchored Rap1 (Rap1a and Rap1b in mammals) GTPase. Here, we summarize the structural and regulatory features of talin and explain how it regulates cell adhesion and force transmission, as well as intracellular signaling at integrin-containing cell–matrix attachment sites.
Ceramide synthase homolog Tlc4 maintains nuclear envelope integrity via its Golgi translocation
Authors: Hirano Yasuhiro , Ohno Yusuke , Kubota Yoshino , Fukagawa Tatsuo , Kihara Akio , Haraguchi Tokuko , Hiraoka Yasushi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Maintaining the integrity of the nuclear envelope (NE) is essential for preventing genomic DNA damage. Recent studies have shown that enzymes that catalyze lipid synthesis are involved in NE maintenance, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that the ceramide synthase (CerS) homolog in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Tlc4 (SPAC17A2.02c) suppressed NE defects in cells lacking the NE proteins Lem2 and Bqt4. Tlc4 possesses a TRAM/LAG1/CLN8 domain that is conserved in CerS proteins and functions through its non-catalytic activity. Tlc4 was localized at the NE and endoplasmic reticulum, similar to CerS proteins, and also showed unique additional localization at the cis- and medial-Golgi cisternae. Growth and mutation analyses revealed that Golgi localization of Tlc4 was tightly linked to its activity of suppressing the defects in the double-deletion mutant of Lem2 and Bqt4. Our results suggest that Lem2 and Bqt4 control the translocation of Tlc4 from the NE to the Golgi, which is necessary for maintaining NE integrity.