bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS VISITANTES Y EMPRENDIMIENTOS TURÍSTICOS RURALES DE LA ZONA NORTE DE MANABÍ DEL PROYECTO OBSERVAR
Authors: Félix Mendoza Ángel Guillermo , Moreira Saltos Juan Ramón , Zambrano Alcívar José Luis 
Published: June 2023

El turismo rural en la provincia de Manabí se ha destacado por la movilización interna de los manabitas, motivada por los recursos naturales relacionados con el agua (río, cascadas, represas) y por la gastronomía. El presente estudio es parte de los resultados iniciales del proyecto OBSERVAR, en la zona norte de Manabí. La metodología utilizada es no experimental, con características exploratorias. La herramienta utilizada para la recolección de la información es la encuesta, la misma que fue adaptada al aplicativo ArcGis para la recolección formal de la información y elaboración de la base de datos y la cartografía. Se registraron 92 emprendimientos turísticos rurales, en las ocho parroquias seleccionadas para el estudio, una por cada cantón de referencia. Los emprendimientos más frecuentes son los restaurantes, con un 77.84%. Por otra parte, se logró encuestar a 257 visitantes en dichos cantones, sus principales motivaciones están relacionadas con el ocio y recreación, visita a familiares y amigos y, por último, su interés por la gastronomía local. Se deben generar alianzas con los pobladores de los territorios, para tener un flujo continuo de la información y que esta sea compartida con organismos oficiales, mediante una plataforma confiable de información.
Palabras clave: turismo rural, emprendimientos turísticos rurales, zona norte de Manabí, perfil del visitante, demanda turística.
AbstractRural tourism in the province of Manabí has stood out for the internal mobilization of the Manabitas, motivated by the natural resources related to water (rivers, waterfalls, dams) and gastronomy. This study is part of the initial results of the OBSERVAR project, inthe northern area of Manabí. The methodology used is non-experimental, with exploratory characteristics. The tool used to collect the information is the survey, the same one that was adapted to the ArcGis application for the formal collection of informationand preparation of the database and cartography. 92 rural tourism enterprises were registered, in the eight parishes selected for the study, one for each reference canton. The most frequent ventures are restaurants, with 77.84%. On the other hand, it was possible to survey 257 visitors in these cantons, their main motivations are related to leisure and recreation, visiting family and friends and, finally, their interest in local gastronomy. Alliances must be generated with the inhabitants of the territories, in order to have a continuous flow of information and that it be shared with official organizations, through a reliable information platform.
Keywords: rural tourism, rural tourism ventures, northern Manabí, visitor profile, tourist demand.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DA FALA INFANTIL: NEUROLINGUÍSTICA E AQUISIÇÃO DA LINGUAGEM EM CRIANÇAS BILÍNGUES
Authors: Gonçalves Vargas Mariana , Wanka Glória Alice , Vicentini Mariana Aparecida , Boos Vásquez Fabiana 
Published: June 2023

Nesse artigo, com temática voltada ao bilinguismo, serão investigados aspectos cognitivos da criança bilíngue e desdobramentos que a segunda língua pode trazer a sua vida acadêmica e social. Amparadas pelos Estudos Gerais de Linguística de Saussure, pelo Desenvolvimento Cognitivo das Crianças de Piaget, na Gramática Geral de Chomsky e na exposição sociocultural de Vygotsky, versamos sobre como crianças bilíngues desenvolvem mais atenção, além de discutir a questão de crianças no Espectro Autista, que apesar de nunca terem tido contato com uma segunda língua antes, são capazes de falar ambas línguas fluentemente. O artigo tem como base a observação de crianças haitianas e portadoras do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), com ou sem dificuldade de fala e linguagem de uma escola municipal de uma cidade do interior de Santa Catarina e como as práticas pedagógicas e as vivências sociais das crianças enquadradas no contexto escolar beneficiaram o desenvolvimento, tornando-as bilíngues. As crianças em questão foram observadas durante dois anos em atividades cotidianas nas quais eram expostas ou apresentavam algum tipo de interação em uma língua estrangeira, de forma que pudesse ser observado o processo de aquisição de língua estrangeira de cada indivíduo.
Palavras-chaves: Desenvolvimento cognitivo. Bilinguismo. Neurolinguística. Desenvolvimento linguístico. Processos cognitivos.

ABSTRACT
In this article, focused on bilingualism, we will investigate the cognitive aspects of bilingual children and the implications that the second language can have on their academic and social life. Drawing on Saussure's General Linguistics Studies, Piaget's Cognitive Development of Children, Chomsky's Universal Grammar, and Vygotsky's sociocultural exposition, we discuss how bilingual children develop increased attention and also explore the issue of children on the Autism Spectrum, who, despite never having been exposed to a second language before, are capable of speaking both languages fluently. The article is based on the observation of Haitian children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), with or without speech and language difficulties, in a municipal school in a city in the interior of Santa Catarina, and how the pedagogical practices and social experiences within the school context contributed to their bilingual development. The children in question were observed for two years during everyday activities in which they were exposed to or engaged in some form of interaction in a foreign language, allowing us to observe the process of foreign language acquisition for each individual.
Keywords: Cognitive development. Bilingualism. Neurolinguistics. Linguistic Development. Cognitive processes.
Indicadores epidemiológicos e dados básicos dos casos de hanseníase no município de Cascavel-PR na última década (2011-2020) e suas comparações com os âmbitos estadual e federal
Authors: Borchart Eduardo Felipe Camargo , Griep Rubens 
Published: June 2023

A Hanseníase é uma doença crônica e infectocontagiosa causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium leprae, que afeta tanto os sintomas dermatológicos e neurológicos, incluindo alterações na sensibilidade. No Brasil, foram notificados 29.936 casos de Hanseníase em 2019, com uma incidência de 1,36 novos casos por cada 10 mil habitantes, o que classifica o país como uma área de alta carga para a doença. O Ministério da Saúde considera o combate à Hanseníase uma prioridade, e seu monitoramento detalhado está incluído na Lista Nacional de Notificação Compulsória. O Paraná se destaca negativamente nesse contexto, com uma alta prevalência e um elevado número de casos, o que o coloca como o estado com os piores indicadores de Hanseníase na região Sul. Além disso, existem diferenças significativas nas taxas de incidência da Hanseníase dentro do próprio estado, com comportamentos únicos em cada macrorregião de saúde. Portanto, é fundamental realizar uma análise detalhada da incidência e epidemiologia da doença em cada município para identificar falhas na abordagem e situações de vulnerabilidade que impedem a erradicação completa da Hanseníase no país. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os dados epidemiológicos e a incidência da Hanseníase notificada no município de Cascavel, no Paraná, durante a última década, comparando-os com os números do estado e do Brasil no mesmo período entre 2011 e 2020. Os resultados revelam uma tendência que aproximou os indicadores de Cascavel dos números estaduais e distanciou-os dos nacionais. Além disso, foi possível observar que a vigilância epidemiológica municipal para a Hanseníase tem sido eficaz.
Reporting under extreme conditions: journalists' experience of disaster coverage
Authors: Englund Liselotte , Bergh Johannesson Kerstin , Arnberg Filip K. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionMedia presence on site and reports on disasters are crucial parts of disaster communication. Aside from authorities, civil society, concerned businesses and citizens, the media constitute an important actor. The working conditions, situational competence and management among journalists on duty in a disaster area are important factors within the complex area of crisis management and disaster communication. This study aims to explore the working conditions, challenges, and coping strategies among journalists covering the Haiti earthquake in 2010.MethodsTen months after the event, Scandinavian journalists (n = 32) provided free-text responses about their work on site through a web survey. The free- text responses underwent content analysis. In addition, self-report questionnaires were used to assess general mental health and posttraumatic stress.ResultsWe found that journalists faced five main challenges in Haiti: situational (technicalities, practical, collegial), professional (mission, approach, roles), personal (traits, emotions, coping), traumatic (general mental health and posttraumatic stress) and experiential (learning and growth). They described a difficult and challenging mission, but also an eye-opening and life-changing experience. Most respondents' questionnaire responses indicated low risk for both poor mental health and posttraumatic stress, with a few significant exceptions. Being properly equipped and mentally prepared, getting collegial support and maintaining professional focus were seen as important, and good leadership and clear instructions from editors at home were highlighted.DiscussionCorroboration of the present findings would strengthen our knowledge of their experiences, and may provide valuable insights for designing preparedness activities in the future as well as for applying to other communication functions in disasters.
Effects of ACEI/ARB or CCB use on atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients following permanent pacemaker implantation
Authors: Liu Zhijie , Bian Ning , Wu Shaorong , Cao Yantao , Su Yiting , Li Wenying , Li Hairui , Lan Xianwu , Jiang Can , Fan Yiming , Guo Jun , Chen Dongdong 
Published: June 2023

AimsPermanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) combined with hypertension leads to a higher risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) for patients. Hence, it is essential to study how to reduce this risk. Currently, the effects of the two common anti-hypertensive drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and calcium channel blockers (CCB), on the risk of NOAF for such patients remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate this association.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study included hypertensive patients with PPI and without prior history of AF/atrial flutter, heart valve disease, hyperthyroidism, etc. Patients were classified into ACEI/ARB group and CCB group based on their exposure drug information. The primary outcome was NOAF events that occurred within 12 months after PPI. The secondary efficacy assessments were the changes from baseline to follow-up in blood pressure and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) parameters. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to verify our aim.ResultsA total of 69 patients were finally included (51 on ACEI/ARB and 18 on CCB). Both univariate analysis [odds ratio (OR) 0.241, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.078–0.745] and multivariate analysis (OR: 0.246, 95% CI: 0.077–0.792) demonstrated that ACEI/ARB were associated with a lower risk of NOAF compared to CCB. The mean reduction in left atrial diameter (LAD) from baseline was greater in ACEI/ARB group than in CCB group (P = 0.034). There was no statistical difference between groups in blood pressure and other TTE parameters after treatment.ConclusionFor patients with PPI combined with hypertension, ACEI/ARB may be superior to CCB in selecting anti-hypertensive drugs, as ACEI/ARB further reduces the risk of NOAF. One reason for this may be that ACEI/ARB improves left atrial remodelling such as LAD better.
Effect of the interlayer on soil temperature and the transformation between phreatic water and soil water under laboratory freeze-thaw action
Authors: Chen Junfeng , Ren Jiameng , Wang Erqing , Cui Lihong , Xue Jing , Zheng Xiuqing , Du Qi 
Published: June 2023

To reveal the effect of interlayer on the temperature of freeze-thaw soil and the transformation between phreatic water and soil water in shallow groundwater areas, a freeze-thaw test was conducted with a groundwater table depth of 0.5 m under laboratory freeze-thaw action. The soil temperature and the transformation between phreatic water and soil water of sand columns under constant freezing temperature at −20°C lasted for 20 days, and the thawing process lasted for 15 days were monitored. The interlayers with a particle size of 0.1–0.5 mm (d50 = 0.3 mm) and a thickness of 5 cm were set at 5, 15, 20, and 25 cm away from the surface and these sand columns were marked as D5, D15, D20, and D25, which were compared with a homogeneous sand column (Ch) with a particle size of 0.5–1.5 mm (d50 = 1.0 mm). The results showed that the fine particle interlayer had thermal insulation on the soil profile and that it effectively inhibited upward migration of phreatic water to soil water during the freezing process. A sand column that had a near-surface interlayer had a better thermal insulation, a stronger inhibition effect on upward migration amount of phreatic water to soil water (UMA) and a larger cumulative downward movement amount of soil water to phreatic water (DMA). The cumulative UMA of D5, D15, D20, and D25 was 61%–84% of Ch during the freezing stage, and the cumulative DMA of D5, D15, D20, and D25 was 29%–57% of Ch during the thawing stage. The inefficient loss of groundwater increased exponentially with the depth of interlayer, the sand column with an interlayer that was farther away from the surface consumed more groundwater and stored more water in the unsaturated zone, and its DMA reached almost zero earlier. These research results were significant for the scientific evaluation of water resources in shallow groundwater areas.
Correlation of finger-to-floor distance with the spinal mobility, spinal function indices and initial determination of its optimal cutoff value: a multicentre case–control study
Authors: Guo Genggeng , Zhang Yulu , Lin Diantian , Chen Zhihan , Yan Qing , Gao Fei , Wu Yanfang , He Juanjuan , Chen Da , Xie Zugang , Huang Feng , Zhang Shengli 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo identify the correlation between finger-to-floor distance(FFD) and the spinal function indices and disease activity scores of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) via a multicentre case–control study, and to calculate the optimal cutoff value of FFD using statistical methods.MethodsPatients with AS and healthy individuals were recruited, and the FFD and other spinal mobility values were measured. The correlation between the FFD and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metric Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) was analyzed using Spearman rank correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of FFD stratified by gender and age were drawn and their optimal cutoff values were determined.ResultsA total of 246 patients with AS and 246 healthy subjects were recruited. The FFD was strongly correlated with BASMI (r = 0.72, p &lt; 0.001), moderately correlated with BASFI (r = 0.50, p &lt; 0.001) and weakly correlated with BASDAI (r = 0.36, p &lt; 0.001). The lowest cutoff value of the FFD was 2.6 cm while the highest was 18.4 cm. Moreover, the FFD was significantly correlated with sex and age.ConclusionThere exists a strong correlation between the FFD and spinal mobility, a moderately correlation and function, which provides reliable data for the evaluation of patients with AS in clinical settings and the rapid screening of low back pain-related diseases in the general population. Furthermore, these findings have clinical potential in improving the missed diagnosis or delayed diagnosis of low back pain.
Cut-off points of the Ishii test to diagnosing severe sarcopenia among multi-ethnic middle-aged to older adults: results from the West China Health and Aging Trend study
Authors: Luo Shuyue , Chen Xiaoyan , Hou Lisha , Yue Jirong , Liu Xiaolei , Xia Xin , Cao Li , Dong Birong 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThis study was designed to establish the cut-off value and diagnostic utility of the Ishii test, which gauges the odds of severe sarcopenia based on the results of an equation based upon age, grip strength, and calf circumference among middle-aged and older adults in Western China.MethodsThis study incorporated adults ≥ 50 years of age from the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study. Severe sarcopenia was defined as per the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus (AWGS2019) recommendations, with the odds of severe sarcopenia being estimated with the Ishii test score chart. The diagnostic utility of the Ishii test in this patient cohort was assessed by analyzing its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the area under the ROC curve (AUC).ResultsIn total, 4,177 individuals ≥ 50 years of age were included in this study including 2668 females (63.9%) and 1,509 males (36.1%). These included 568 (13.6%) participants affected by severe sarcopenia, of whom 237 were male (15.7%) and 331 were female (12.4%). Optimal Ishii test cut-off values established based on Youden’s index were ≥ 114 for males and ≥ 120 for females when using the AWGS2019 reference standard. The sensitivity/specificity/PPV/NPV of the Ishii test when screening for severe sarcopenia were 89.45%/77.15%/0.42/0.98 in males and 90.03%/77.05%/0.36/0.98 in females. The AUC values for the Ishii test in males and females were 0.899 (95% CI, 0.883–0.916) and 0.905 (95% CI, 0.892–0.917), respectively.ConclusionThese data indicate that the Ishii test offers value as a candidate diagnostic test that can be used to screen for severe sarcopenia, with recommended diagnostic cut-off values of ≥ 114 for males and ≥ 120 for females.
Balanced volatile sedation with isoflurane in critically ill patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage – a retrospective observational study
Authors: Müller Martin B. , Terpolilli Nicole A. , Schwarzmaier Susanne M. , Briegel Josef , Huge Volker 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionIn patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) deep sedation is often used early in the course of the disease in order to control brain edema formation and thus intracranial hypertension. However, some patients do not reach an adequate sedation depth despite high doses of common intravenous sedatives. Balanced sedation protocols incorporating low-dose volatile isoflurane administration might improve insufficient sedation depth in these patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed ICU patients with severe aneurysmal SAH who received isoflurane in addition to intravenous anesthetics in order to improve insufficient sedation depth. Routinely recorded data from neuromonitoring, laboratory and hemodynamic parameters were compared before and up to 6 days after initiation of isoflurane.ResultsSedation depth measured using the bispectral index improved in thirty-six SAH patients (−15.16; p = 0.005) who received additional isoflurane for a mean period of 9.73 ± 7.56 days. Initiation of isoflurane sedation caused a decline in mean arterial pressure (−4.67 mmHg; p = 0.014) and cerebral perfusion pressure (−4.21 mmHg; p = 0.013) which had to be balanced by increased doses of vasopressors. Patients required increased minute ventilation in order to adjust for the increase in PaCO2 (+2.90 mmHg; p &lt; 0.001). We did not detect significant increases in mean intracranial pressure. However, isoflurane therapy had to be terminated prematurely in 25% of the patients after a median of 30 h due to episodes of intracranial hypertension or refractory hypercapnia.DiscussionA balanced sedation protocol including isoflurane is feasible for SAH patients experiencing inadequately shallow sedation. However, therapy should be restricted to patients without impaired lung function, hemodynamic instability and impending intracranial hypertension.
Underlying pharmacological mechanisms of psilocin-induced broadband desynchronization and disconnection of EEG in rats
Authors: Tylš Filip , Vejmola Čestmír , Koudelka Vlastimil , Piorecká Václava , Kadeřábek Lukáš , Bochin Marcel , Novák Tomáš , Kuchař Martin , Bendová Zdeňka , Brunovský Martin , Horáček Jiří , Pálení ček Tomáš 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPsilocybin is one of the most extensively studied psychedelic drugs with a broad therapeutic potential. Despite the fact that its psychoactivity is mainly attributed to the agonism at 5-HT2A receptors, it has high binding affinity also to 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptors and indirectly modulates the dopaminergic system. Psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin, as well as other serotonergic psychedelics, induce broadband desynchronization and disconnection in EEG in humans as well as in animals. The contribution of serotonergic and dopaminergic mechanisms underlying these changes is not clear. The present study thus aims to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying psilocin-induced broadband desynchronization and disconnection in an animal model.MethodsSelective antagonists of serotonin receptors (5-HT1A WAY100635, 5-HT2A MDL100907, 5-HT2C SB242084) and antipsychotics haloperidol, a D2 antagonist, and clozapine, a mixed D2 and 5-HT receptor antagonist, were used in order to clarify the underlying pharmacology.ResultsPsilocin-induced broadband decrease in the mean absolute EEG power was normalized by all antagonists and antipsychotics used within the frequency range 1–25 Hz; however, decreases in 25–40 Hz were influenced only by clozapine. Psilocin-induced decrease in global functional connectivity and, specifically, fronto-temporal disconnection were reversed by the 5-HT2A antagonist while other drugs had no effect.DiscussionThese findings suggest the involvement of all three serotonergic receptors studied as well as the role of dopaminergic mechanisms in power spectra/current density with only the 5-HT2A receptor being effective in both studied metrics. This opens an important discussion on the role of other than 5-HT2A-dependent mechanisms underlying the neurobiology of psychedelics.