bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous biological membranes regulate protein partitioning via fluctuating diffusivity
Authors: Sakamoto Ken , Akimoto Takuma , Muramatsu Mayu , Sansom Mark S P , Metzler Ralf , Yamamoto Eiji 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cell membranes phase separate into ordered Lo and disordered Ld domains depending on their compositions. This membrane compartmentalization is heterogeneous and regulates the localization of specific proteins related to cell signaling and trafficking. However, it is unclear how the heterogeneity of the membranes affects the diffusion and localization of proteins in Lo and Ld domains. Here, using Langevin dynamics simulations coupled with the phase-field (LDPF) method, we investigate several tens of milliseconds-scale diffusion and localization of proteins in heterogeneous biological membrane models showing phase separation into Lo and Ld domains. The diffusivity of proteins exhibits temporal fluctuations depending on the field composition. Increases in molecular concentrations and domain preference of the molecule induce subdiffusive behavior due to molecular collisions by crowding and confinement effects, respectively. Moreover, we quantitatively demonstrate that the protein partitioning into the Lo domain is determined by the difference in molecular diffusivity between domains, molecular preference of domain, and molecular concentration. These results pave the way for understanding how biological reactions caused by molecular partitioning may be controlled in heterogeneous media. Moreover, the methodology proposed here is applicable not only to biological membrane systems but also to the study of diffusion and localization phenomena of molecules in various heterogeneous systems.
Development of a Prediction Score for Evaluation of Extubation Readiness in Neurosurgical Patients with Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Xu Shan-Shan , Tian Ye , Ma Yan-Juan , Zhou Yi-Min , Tian Ying , Gao Ran , Yang Yan-Lin , Zhang Linlin , Zhou Jian-Xin 
Published: August 2023

Background
There is no widely accepted consensus on the weaning and extubating protocols for neurosurgical patients, leading to heterogeneity in clinical practices and high rates of delayed extubation and extubation failure−related health complications.

Methods
In this single-center prospective observational diagnostic study, mechanically ventilated neurosurgical patients with extubation attempts were consecutively enrolled for 1 yr. Responsive physicians were surveyed for the reasons for delayed extubation and developed the Swallowing, Tongue protrusion, Airway protection reflected by spontaneous and suctioning cough, and Glasgow Coma Scale Evaluation (STAGE) score to predict the extubation success for neurosurgical patients already meeting other general extubation criteria.

Results
A total of 3,171 patients were screened consecutively, and 226 patients were enrolled in this study. The rates of delayed extubation and extubation failure were 25% (57 of 226) and 19% (43 of 226), respectively. The most common reasons for the extubation delay were weak airway-protecting function and poor consciousness. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of the total STAGE score associated with extubation success was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.79). Guided by the highest Youden index, the cutoff point for the STAGE score was set at 6 with 59% (95% CI, 51 to 66%) sensitivity, 74% (95% CI, 59 to 86%) specificity, 90% (95% CI, 84 to 95%) positive predictive value, and 30% (95% CI, 21 to 39%) negative predictive value. At STAGE scores of 9 or higher, the model exhibited a 100% (95% CI, 90 to 100%) specificity and 100% (95% CI, 72 to 100%) positive predictive value for predicting extubation success.

Conclusions
After a survey of the reasons for delayed extubation, the STAGE scoring system was developed to better predict the extubation success rate. This scoring system has promising potential in predicting extubation readiness and may help clinicians avoid delayed extubation and failed extubation–related health complications in neurosurgical patients.

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Osteopontin characterizes bile duct–associated macrophages and correlates with liver fibrosis severity in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: De Muynck Kevin , Heyerick Lander , De Ponti Federico F. , Vanderborght Bart , Meese Tim , Van Campenhout Sanne , Baudonck Leen , Gijbels Eva , Rodrigues Pedro M. , Banales Jesus M. , Vesterhuus Mette , Folseraas Trine , Scott Charlotte L. , Vinken Mathieu , Van der Linden Malaïka , Hoorens Anne , Van Dorpe Jo , Lefere Sander , Geerts Anja , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Verhelst Xavier , Van Vlierberghe Hans , Devisscher Lindsey 
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims:
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an immune-mediated cholestatic liver disease for which pharmacological treatment options are currently unavailable. PSC is strongly associated with colitis and a disruption of the gut-liver axis, and macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of PSC. However, how gut-liver interactions and specific macrophage populations contribute to PSC is incompletely understood.

Approach and Results:
We investigated the impact of cholestasis and colitis on the hepatic and colonic microenvironment, and performed an in-depth characterization of hepatic macrophage dynamics and function in models of concomitant cholangitis and colitis. Cholestasis-induced fibrosis was characterized by depletion of resident KCs, and enrichment of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) in the liver. These MoMFs highly express triggering-receptor-expressed-on-myeloid-cells-2 (Trem2) and osteopontin (Spp1), markers assigned to hepatic bile duct-associated macrophages, and were enriched around the portal triad, which was confirmed in human PSC. Colitis induced monocyte/macrophage infiltration in the gut and liver, and enhanced cholestasis-induced MoMF-Trem2 and Spp1 upregulation, yet did not exacerbate liver fibrosis. Bone marrow chimeras showed that knockout of Spp1 in infiltrated MoMFs exacerbates inflammation in vivo and in vitro, while monoclonal antibody–mediated neutralization of SPP1 conferred protection in experimental PSC. In human PSC patients, serum osteopontin levels are elevated compared to control, and significantly increased in advanced stage PSC and might serve as a prognostic biomarker for liver transplant-free survival.

Conclusions:
Our data shed light on gut-liver axis perturbations and macrophage dynamics and function in PSC and highlight SPP1/OPN as a prognostic marker and future therapeutic target in PSC.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody-detection, and vaccination status in patients with ocular vascular occlusion
Authors: Dera Adrianna U. , Brockmann Tobias , Rusch Wladislaw , Weiland Ada L. , Reisinger Emil C. , Fuchsluger Thomas A. , Brockmann Claudia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To analyze the annual prevalence of ocular vascular occlusion in relation to COVID-19 infection and vaccination status in a prospective study.

Methods:
All patients were examined for an active SARS-CoV-2 infection by RNA detection, for a previous infection by virus-specific antibody detection (ECLIA), their vaccination status was documented. Data from pandemic year 2020 and previous years, before COVID-19 (2019, 2018, 2017), were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:
In 2021, a total of 103 patients with the first diagnosis of ocular vascular occlusion were treated. Most frequent sub-diagnoses were central retinal vein occlusion (20.4%), non-arteriitic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (18.4%), central retinal artery occlusion (13.6%) and branch retinal artery occlusion (12.6%). Thereof, only 3 patients (2.9%) presented with virus-specific SARS-CoV-2-antibodies, none was PCR-positive. Patients with preceded SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (59.2%) presented with comparable characteristics as unvaccinated patients with vascular occlusion regarding age, gender distribution, systemic risk factors, duration of symptoms, visual acuity and the present sub-diagnoses (p>0.05). The total number of cases in 2021 (103 cases) was comparable to the pandemic year 2020, at which no vaccination was available (114 cases), and to earlier years 2017, 2018, and 2019 without COVID pandemic (100, 120 and 119 cases). Furthermore, we did not reveal any differences between pandemic and reference years regarding patients’ characteristics (p>0.05).

Conclusion:
Our study did not reveal an increased annual prevalence of ocular vascular occlusions during COVID-19 pandemic years 2020 and 2021. Patients with previous COVID vaccination did not present differences regarding the risk profile nor symptoms, compared to unvaccinated individuals.
Prevalence of long-term symptoms varies by using different post-COVID-19 definitions in positively and negatively tested adults: the PRIME post-COVID study
Authors: Pagen Demi ME , van Bilsen Céline JA , Brinkhues Stephanie , Herck Maarten Van , Konings Kevin , den Heijer Casper DJ , ter Waarbeek Henriëtte LG , Spruit Martijn A , Hoebe Christian JPA , Dukers-Muijrers Nicole HTM 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundLong-term symptoms after a SARS-CoV-2 infection (i.e., post-COVID-19 condition or long COVID), constitute a substantial public health problem. Yet, the prevalence remains currently unclear as different case definitions are used, and negatively tested controls are lacking. We aimed to estimate post-COVID-19 condition prevalence using six definitions.MethodsThe Prevalence, Risk factors, and Impact Evaluation (PRIME) post-COVID-19 condition study is a population-based sample of COVID-19 tested adults. End 2021, 61,655 adults were invited to complete an online questionnaire, including 44 symptoms plus a severity score (0-10) per symptom. The prevalence was calculated in both positively and negatively tested adults, stratified by time since their COVID-19 test (3-5, 6-11 or ≥12 months ago).ResultsIn positives (n=7,405; 75.6%), the prevalence of long-term symptoms was between 26.9% and 64.1% using the six definitions, while in negatives (n=2,392; 24.4%) the prevalence varied between 11.4% and 32.5%. The prevalence of long-term symptoms potentially accountable to COVID-19 ranged from 17.9% to 26.3%.ConclusionThere is a (substantial) variation in prevalence estimates by using different definitions as is current practice, showing limited overlap between definitions, indicating that the essential post-COVID-19 condition criteria are still unclear. Including negatives is important to determine long-term symptoms accountable to COVID-19.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govIdentifier:NCT05128695.
Factors associated with awareness and uptake of breast and cervical cancer screening among Nepalese women: Evidence from Nepal demographic and health survey 2022
Authors: Lamichhane Bipul , Adhikari Bikram , Poudel Lisasha , Pandey Achyut Raj , Kakchhapati Sampurna , Saugat Pratap KC , Giri Santosh , Dulal Bishnu Prasad , Tiwari Ishwar , Joshi Deepak , Gautam Ghanshyam , Baral Sushil Chandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the factors associated with awareness and uptake of breast cancer screening (BCS) and cervical cancer screening (CCS) among Nepalese women aged 15-49 years.MethodsWe analyzed data from nationally representative Nepal demographic health survey 2022. We used weighted analysis to account for complex survey design of the survey. We presented categorical variables with frequency, percent (%) and 95% CI around percent. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with awareness and uptake of BCS and CCS. The results of regression analysis were presented with crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and their 95% CI.ResultsThe awareness and uptake of BCS among Nepalese women were 48.9% and 4.4% respectively whereas the awareness and uptake of CCS were 29.9% and 6.4% respectively among Nepalese women. The awareness of BCS and CCS were 1.10 and 1.22 times respectively among women with media exposure and 1.58 and 1.24 times among women with health insurance coverage. Compared to the poorest, the richest and richer have higher odds of being aware of BCS and CCS and have higher odds of BCS and CCS uptake. The uptake of CCS was 5.64 times higher among women who have heard about CCS and women who had heard about BCS had 7 times higher odds of BCS uptake.ConclusionThough awareness is relatively good, the uptake of BCS and CCS screening was very poor in Nepalese women. Provinces, ethnicity, age, education, wealth, marital status, employment, media exposure and health insurance coverage were identified as key factors associated with the awareness and uptake of BCS and CCS. These findings highlight the importance of considering socio-demographic factors in implementing effective cancer screening programs and targeting specific populations for increased awareness and uptake of screenings.
Early underdetected dissemination across countries followed by extensive local transmission propelled the 2022 mpox epidemic
Authors: Paredes Miguel I. , Ahmed Nashwa , Figgins Marlin , Colizza Vittoria , Lemey Philippe , McCrone John T. , Müller Nicola , Tran-Kiem Cécile , Bedford Trevor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe World Health Organization declared mpox a public health emergency of international concern in July 2022. To investigate global mpox transmission and population-level changes associated with controlling spread, we built phylogeographic and phylodynamic models to analyze MPXV genomes from five global regions together with air traffic and epidemiological data. Our models reveal community transmission prior to detection, changes in case-reporting throughout the epidemic, and a large degree of transmission heterogeneity. We find that viral introductions played a limited role in prolonging spread after initial dissemination, suggesting that travel bans would have had only a minor impact. We find that mpox transmission in North America began declining before more than 10% of high-risk individuals in the USA had vaccine-induced immunity. Our findings highlight the importance of broader routine specimen screening surveillance for emerging infectious diseases and of joint integration of genomic and epidemiological information for early outbreak control.
Pulmonary Embolism Obstruction Model to Evaluate Clinical Deterioration
Authors: Yeh Jian-Kuan , Chen Po-Wei , Chang Wei-Ting , Chiu Pin-Hsuan , Su Pei-Fang , Hsu Chih-Hsin , Lin Chih-Chan , Chang Hsien-Yuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHemodynamic instability may develop in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) days after the emboli event. Simplified methods to predict clinical deterioration are currently lacking. This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with acute. The aim is to develop a simplified imaging model with good clinical accessibility to predict the clinical deterioration of patients with acute PE. This study included patients with acute PE under the International Classification of Disease, ninth or tenth revision. Seven models based on computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) were developed based on the location (central versus peripheral) and the degree (nearly total versus partial) of obstruction. The outcome includes clinical deterioration, which is defined as death from PE, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor therapy, thrombolysis, catheter-directed therapy, and surgical embolectomy. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the association between different models and clinical deterioration. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to test the predictive ability. The category-free net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to quantify the improvement of the proposed models plus the simplified Pulmonary Severity Index (sPESI) compared with the sPESI alone. Calculating the nearly totally obstructed 20 peripheral arteries provides good predictive ability in the seven models (AUC: 0.77). Calculating nearly totally obstructed 20 peripheral segments can predict clinical deterioration. Obstruction on CTPA combined with the sPESI increased the ability to predict clinical deterioration compared to the sPESI alone and may be used as guidance in clinical decision-making.Clinical perspectiveA simple model based on computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) to predict clinical deterioration in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is currently lacking.This retrospective study included 210 patients and used the model for calculating the nearly totally obstructed segmental pulmonary arteries as an efficient and simple method to predict clinical deterioration. This model added to the simplified PE severity index (sPESI) has an increased predictive ability compared to the sPESI alone. CTPA images can predict the clinical deterioration of patients with acute PE and may assist in clinical decision-making.
Comprehensive Blood Indicator PSI: A Novel Prognostic Tool for Resectable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cai Hao , Li Jiancheng , Chen Yu , Zhang Qiao , Liu Yang , Jia Houjun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health concern, with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Identifying reliable prognostic indicators is essential for optimizing risk stratification and guiding clinical management. In this study, we aimed to develop a comprehensive blood indicator based on systemic inflammation and nutritional condition to predict the prognosis of resectable CRC patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 210 CRC patients who underwent radical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China, between January 2015 and December 2017, was included in the analysis. Baseline characteristics, preoperative blood markers, including neutrophil count, monocyte count, lymphocyte count, platelets, albumin, and CEA were retrospectively reviewed. Various blood indicators, such as NLR, PLR, MLR, SIRI and OPNI were calculated. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) was employed to select indicators to establish a novel comprehensive biomarker (named PSI). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of preoperative OPNI, SIRI, and PSI. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression model were conducted to identify independent prognostic factors for CRC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method assessed the predictive ability of PSI, stage, OPNI, and SIRI.ResultsPatients with higher preoperative OPNI and lower SIRI values had significantly better overall survival (OS). PSI was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Patients with medium (28.3-43.4) and high (>43.4) PSI scores exhibited superior OS compared to those with low (≤ 28.3) PSI scores. PSI showed higher predictive ability (AUC: 0.734) than individual indicators alone (OPNI: 0.721, SIRI: 0.645, stage: 0.635).ConclusionThe novel comprehensive indicator, PSI, based on preoperative SIRI and OPNI, demonstrated significant prognostic value for resectable CRC patients. PSI outperformed individual indicators and could serve as a reliable tool for risk stratification and prognostic management in CRC patients.
Loss of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection-associated antibody function during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures
Authors: Abu-Raya Bahaa , Reicherz Frederic , Michalski Christina , Majdoubi Abdelilah , Golding Liam , Vienta Marina , Granoski Madison , Stojic Aleksandra , Marchant David J , Lavoie Pascal M. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTStudies have linked reduced respiratory syncytial virus-specific Fc-mediated phagocytic function and complement deposition to more severe infection. This study shows a loss of these functions during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic. These findings corroborate other data supporting a general waning of RSV antibody functions in absence of viral circulation.
The predictive role of pain catastrophising following genicular arterial embolisation for the treatment of mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Harrison Richard , Salomons Tim V. , MacGill Sarah , Little Mark W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of OA and is not currently considered to be a curable disease. Specifically, mild-to-moderate knee OA that is resistant to conservative treatment, but does not warrant joint replacement, poses a significant clinical problem. Genicular arterial embolisation (GAE) is an interventional radiological technique designed to subvert neoangiogenesis within the joint, in turn reducing pain and improving function. Preliminary data has identified a subset of patients who do not respond, despite a technically successful procedure. We therefore investigated individual differences in pain and pain perception to identify predictive pre-surgical markers for clinical outcomes. Specifically, we investigated pain catastrophising (PC) and its neural correlates using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Thirty patients participated in a presurgical assessment battery during which they completed psychometric profiling and quantitative sensory testing. A subset of seventeen patients also completed an rs-fMRI session. Patients then recorded post-surgical outcomes at 6-weeks, 3-months, 12-months and 24-months. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) served as a seed for whole-brain voxel-wise connectivity with pain catastrophising scores entered as a regressor in group analysis. Pain catastrophising was associated with a myriad of aversive psychological/lifestyle variables at baseline, as well as a predisposition for attending to pain. Surprisingly, high pain catastrophisers stood to gain the best improvements from GAE, with PC scores predicting the higher reductions in pain across all time-points. Seed-based whole-brain connectivity revealed that PCS was associated with higher connectivity between the DLPFC and areas of the brain associated with pain processing, suggesting more frequent engagement of top-down modulatory processes when experiencing pain. These results are an early step towards understanding outcomes from novel interventional treatments for mild-to-moderate knee OA. Data suggests that improvements in pain and function via GAE could help high catastrophisers manage their pain, and in turn, the negative associations with pain that were identified at baseline.