bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Quality Analysis of Three Marketed Melatonin Containing Products in Spain for the Improvement of Sleep
Authors: Olea Ana María Castilla , Algorta Jaime de , Arriaga-Ibañez Idoia , Villate-Beitia Ilia , Gallego Idoia , Defterali Çağla , Pedraz Jose-Luis 
Published: March 2023

Background: Exogenous melatonin may effectively improve the sleep-wake cycle and sleep quality in subjects with age or disease related decrease in endogenous melatonin production or response. A controlled release melatonin-based medication, Circadin® has been developed and licensed for insomnia; in addition to several food supplements available on the market. However, the quality and release profile of these melatonin containing products may vary.
Aims: The current study aimed to compare three melatonin containing products, all of them marketed in Spain: a licensed medicine prolonged release tablet, Circadin® 2 mg, and two food supplements, Aquilea® 1,95mg and Oniria® 1,98 mg.
Materials and Methods: Three batches of each product were analyzed for melatonin content, inter-batch variability and dissolution profile.
Results: Our results confirm a large gap in quality control of the two melatonin containing food supplements, where Aquilea® and Oniria® showed poorer quality control as demonstrated by high variability between batches in melatonin content compared to Circadin®. Moreover, the extended release characteristics of Circadin® were evident in its profile, which exhibited an initial release of 70% at the 4-hour mark, followed by a consistent and sustained release lasting up to 8 hours.
Conclusion: In terms of the dissolution profile, only Circadin® provides the prolonged release profile as indicated in the specifications, with proven efficacy and safety for the improvement of sleep-onset, sleep maintenance and quality throughout the whole night.
Thiohalomonadaceae fam. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Thi.o.ha.lo.mo.nad.a.ce'ae N.L. fem. n.
Thiohalomonas
, the type genus of the family, ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thiohalomonadaceae
the
Thiohalomonas
family.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiohalomonadales / Thiohalomonadaceae fam. nov.

The family
Thiohalomonadaceae
accommodates facultatively anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria. They utilize reduced sulfur compounds as the energy source and either oxygen or NO
x
as the electron acceptors. CO
2
is assimilated via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. The family is a member of the order
Thiohalomonadales
in the
Gammaproteobacteria
and consists of the genera
Thiohalomonas
and
Sulfurivermis
. The family‐level status was established by phylogenomic analysis based on 120 single‐copy conserved protein markers.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 58–65 (
T
m
of 3 species).

Type genus
:
Thiohalomonas
Sorokin et al. 2007
VP
.
Methylorubrum
Authors: Ardley Julie K. , Green Peter N. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Me.thy.lo.ru'brum. N.L. neut. n.
methylum
, the methyl radical; N.L. neut. n.
methyl‐
, pertaining to the methyl radical; L. masc. adj.
ruber
, red; N.L. neut. n.
Methylorubrum
, a red methyl radical utilizing organism.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Methylobacteriaceae / Methylorubrum

The genus
Methylorubrum
was split from the genus
Methylobacterium
to accommodate a phylogenetically distinct group of strains within
Methylobacteriaceae
. Members of this genus are pink to red‐pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic bacteria that assimilate single carbon substrates via the serine cycle. All species form pink to orange‐red colonies on methanol salts media; colonies are circular, convex with entire margins, and 0.5–3.0 mm in diameter. Cells are non‐spore‐forming rods that occur singly, in pairs, or occasionally in rosettes and may be branched or pleomorphic. Gram‐negative with a Gram‐negative cell wall type but may stain Gram‐variable. Cells of most species are motile by means of a polar, subpolar, or lateral flagellum. Respiration is strictly aerobic. Oxidase and catalase positive, although the oxidase reaction is often weak, and urease positive. Mesophilic, chemoorganotrophic, and facultatively methylotrophic. All strains grow on methanol, and most on formaldehyde, formate, and methylated amines. None grow on methane. Some strains have weakly phototrophic growth. Grow on various multicarbon compounds, in particular organic acids, and utilize a comparatively narrow range of mono‐ and disaccharides. All species grow on methylamine, and glycine betaine (where tested); few grow on citrate. The major cellular fatty acid is C
18:1
ω7
c
. DNA G + C content is 64.4–70.5 (
T
m
). Widely distributed in nature, being found in soil, water and associated with plants, as colonizers of leaf surfaces, or as endophytes. They form part of the human microflora and are found, rarely, in clinical samples.
Methylorubrum extorquens
is the type species of this genus.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 64.4–70.5 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Methylorubrum extorquens
Green and Ardley 2018
VP
.
Impaired gating of γ‐ and ε‐AChR respectively causes Escobar syndrome and fast‐channel myasthenia
Authors: Shen Xin‐Ming , Nakata Tomohiko , Mizuno Seiji , Imoto Issei , Selcen Duygu , Ohno Kinji , Engel Andrew G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo dissect the kinetic defects of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) γ subunit variant in an incomplete form of the Escobar syndrome without pterygium and compare it with those of a variant of corresponding residue in the AChR ε subunit in a congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS).MethodsWhole exome sequencing, α‐bungarotoxin binding assay, single channel patch‐clamp recordings, and maximum likelihood analysis of channel kinetics.ResultsWe identified compound heterozygous variants in AChR γ and ε subunits in three Escobar syndrome (1–3) and three CMS patients (4–6), respectively. Each Escobar syndrome patient carries γP121R along with γV221Afs*44 in patients 1 and 2, and γY63* in patient 3. Three CMS patients share εP121T along with εR20W, εG‐8R, and εY15H in patients 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Surface expressions of γP121R‐ and εP121T‐AChR were 80% and 138% of the corresponding wild‐type AChR, whereas εR20W, εG‐8R, and εY15H reduced receptor expression to 27%, 35%, and 30% of wild‐type εAChR, respectively. γV221Afs*44 and γY63* are null variants. Thus, γP121R and εP121T determine the phenotype. γP121R and εP121T shorten channel opening burst duration to 28% and 18% of corresponding wild‐type AChR by reducing the channel gating equilibrium constant 44‐ and 63‐fold, respectively.InterpretationSimilar impairment of channel gating efficiency of a corresponding P121 residue in the acetylcholine‐binding site of the AChR γ and ε subunits causes Escobar syndrome without pterygium and fast‐channel CMS, respectively, suggesting that therapy for the fast‐channel CMS will benefit Escobar syndrome.
Multiphoton Lithography as a Promising Tool for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Greant Coralie , Van Durme Bo , Van Hoorick Jasper , Van Vlierberghe Sandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultiphoton lithography (MPL) is a powerful and useful structuring tool capable of generating 2D and 3D arbitrary micro‐ and nanometer features of various materials with high spatial resolution down to nm‐scale. This technology has received tremendous interest in tissue engineering and medical device manufacturing, due to its ability to print sophisticated structures, which is difficult to achieve through traditional printing methods. Thorough consideration of two‐photon photoinitiators (PIs) and photoreactive biomaterials is key to the fabrication of such complex 3D micro‐ and nanostructures. In the current review, different types of two‐photon PIs are discussed for their use in biomedical applications. Next, an overview of biomaterials (both natural and synthetic polymers) along with their crosslinking mechanisms is provided. Finally, biomedical applications exploiting MPL are presented, including photocleaving and photopatterning strategies, biomedical devices, tissue engineering, organoids, organ‐on‐chip, and photodynamic therapy. This review offers a helicopter view on the use of MPL technology in the biomedical field and defines the necessary considerations toward selection or design of PIs and photoreactive biomaterials to serve a multitude of biomedical applications.
True Nonvolatile High‐Speed DRAM Cells Using Tailored Ultrathin IGZO
Authors: Hu Qianlan , Gu Chengru , Li Qijun , Zhu Shenwu , Liu Shiyuan , Li Yu , Zhang Lining , Huang Ru , Wu Yanqing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSevere power consumption in the continuous scaling of Silicon‐based dynamic random access memory (DRAM) technology quests for a transistor technology with a much lower off‐state leakage current. Wide bandgap amorphous oxide semiconductors, especially indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) exhibit many orders of magnitude lower off‐state leakage. However, they are typically heavily n‐doped and require negative gate voltage to turn off, which prevents them from true nonvolatile operation. The efforts on doping density reduction typically result in mobility degradation and high Schottky barriers at contacts, causing severe degradation of on‐current and operation speed of the DRAM cells. Here, high‐speed true nonvolatile DRAM cells are successfully demonstrated by deep suppression of doping density in the IGZO channel using in situ oxygen ion beam treatment and ohmic contact engineering by inserting a thin In‐rich indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) at contact regions. A record high on‐current of 40 µA µm−1 at a large positive threshold voltage of 1.78 V enables the first true nonvolatile DRAM with the fastest write speed of 10 ns and data retention up to 25 h under power interruption, five orders of magnitude higher than the previously projected values.
Energy‐Efficient Stable Hyperfluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Improved Color Purities and Ultrahigh Power Efficiencies Based on Low‐Polar Sensitizing Systems
Authors: Liu Hao , Fu Yan , Chen Jinke , Tang Ben Zhong , Zhao Zujin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMulti‐resonance (MR) molecules with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are emerging as promising candidates for high‐definition displays because of their narrow emission spectra. However, the electroluminescence (EL) efficiencies and spectra of MR‐TADF molecules are highly sensitive to hosts and sensitizers when applied to organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), and the highly polar environments in devices often lead to significantly broadened EL spectra. In this study, a proof‐of‐concept TADF sensitizer (BTDMAC‐XT) with low polarity, high steric hindrance, and concentration‐quenching free feature is constructed, which acts as a good emitter in doped and non‐doped OLEDs with high external quantum efficiencies (ηexts) of 26.7% and 29.3%, respectively. By combining BTDMAC‐XT with conventional low‐polarity hosts, low‐polarity sensitizing systems with a small carrier injection barrier and full exciton utilization are constructed for the MR‐TADF molecule BN2. Hyperfluorescence (HF) OLEDs employing the low‐polar sensitizing systems successfully improve the color quality of BN2 and afford an excellent ηext of 34.4%, a record‐high power efficiency of 166.3 lm W−1 and a long operational lifetime (LT50 = 40309 h) at an initial luminance of 100 cd m−2. These results provide instructive guidance for the sensitizer design and device optimization for energy‐efficient and stable HF‐OLEDs with high‐quality light.
Patterning Quantum Dots via Photolithography: A Review
Authors: Park Se Young , Lee Seongjae , Yang Jeehye , Kang Moon Sung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPixelating patterns of red, green, and blue quantum dots (QDs) is a critical challenge for realizing high‐end displays with bright and vivid images for virtual, augmented, and mixed reality. Since QDs must be processed from a solution, their patterning process is completely different from the conventional techniques used in the organic light‐emitting diode and liquid crystal display industries. Although innovative QD patterning technologies are being developed, photopatterning based on the light‐induced chemical conversion of QD films is considered one of the most promising methods for forming micrometer‐scale QD patterns that satisfy the precision and fidelity required for commercialization. Moreover, the practical impact will be significant as it directly exploits mature photolithography technologies and facilities that are widely available in the semiconductor industry. This article reviews recent progress in the effort to form QD patterns via photolithography. The review begins with a general description of the photolithography process. Subsequently, different types of photolithographical methods applicable to QD patterning are introduced, followed by recent achievements using these methods in forming high‐resolution QD patterns. The paper also discusses prospects for future research directions.
Excitonic Effects in the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Response of Rhenium Disulfide Regulated by Re Vacancy
Authors: Zheng Xin‐Yu , Yao Cheng‐Bao , Li Hong‐Yu , Shi Bing‐Yin , Cao Hong‐Xu , Liu Yu , Liu Xiao‐Jie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRhenium disulfide (ReS2) with low structural symmetry and highly spontaneous, exhibits some unique optical and electrical anisotropy properties for developing optoelectronic devices. This work studies the hydrothermal synthesis and the excitonic effects in the linear and nonlinear optical properties of 1T′ phase ReS2. The growth is controlled by adjusting experimental conditions, and its growth mechanism is revealed. The varying degrees of Re vacancy are characterized. They cause the growth direction of ReS2 nanosheets from lateral to agglomeration and the stacks into self‐assembly micro‐nanospheres. The density functional theory explains the electronic and bonding properties of Re vacancy, where the existent defects reduce the band gap and change the states density. Re vacancy increases the conductivity and results in the metallization of ReS2. The photoluminescence intensity of defect emission peak is negatively correlated with the defect level for the enriching vacancies. However, compared with intrinsic peak, it will increase monotonically with the number of bound excitons in defects. Furthermore, the nonlinear absorption properties are obtained by picosecond Z‐scan technique. By adjusting temperature, different degrees of saturation absorption and reverse saturation absorption characteristics appear due to the vacancy effect. The synthesized ReS2 has broad application in photodetectors and optical devices with optical amplitude limiting.
Highly Efficient, Low‐Dose, and Ultrafast Carbazole X‐Ray Scintillators
Authors: Chen Hongming , Lin Miao , Zhao Changbin , Zhang Dongwei , Zhang Yang , Chen Fuhai , Chen Yong , Fang Xin , Liao Qing , Meng Hong , Lin Meijin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOrganic fluorescence scintillators, owing to the ultrafast response time, versatile chemical structures, low processing temperature, and low cost, are considered as one of the promising materials for medical diagnostics, radiation detection, and X‐ray astronomy. However, the low radioluminescence (RL) intensity and low sensitivity hinder their practical applications. In this work, a highly efficient organic fluorescent scintillator, 4,4′‐bis(9‐carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP), is presented, exhibiting a high X‐ray RL intensity, narrow full width at half‐maximum of 49 nm, and ultrafast decay time of 1.15 ns. More importantly, it has a low detection limit of 25.5 nGy s−1, which is only 1/215 dose rate compared with the commercial X‐ray diagnostics. Such an excellent scintillation performance is mainly attributed to its high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY = 61.92%) and good carrier transport (average hole mobility of 0.094 cm2 V−1 s−1). By mixing the CBP into polydimethylsiloxane, the fabricated large area flexible film can be applied in X‐ray radiography, which exhibits a high spatial resolution of 14.3 lp mm−1 at MTF > 0.2. This work paves a way for the implementation of organic fluorescence dyes with high PLQY, high carrier mobility in efficient X‐ray scintillation and imaging.
A Novel Single Gate Controlled Nonvolatile Floating Program Gate Reconfigurable FET
Authors: Jin Xiaoshi , Zhang Shouqiang , Li Meng , Liu Xi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, a single gate controlled nonvolatile floating program gate (FPG) reconfigurable field effect transistor (RFET) is proposed. Different from the traditional RFET, it introduces a nonvolatile charge storage layer as an FPG instead of a program gate that needs independent power supply. The stored charge in the FPG can be programmed by the control gate (CG). Therefore, the proposed FPG‐RFET essentially requires only one independently powered gate to complete the reconfigurable operation. Moreover, the CG can regulate the equivalent voltage in the FPG, which can effectively reduce the static power consumption and the generation of reverse leakage current. The physical mechanism has also been analyzed in detail.
Rationalizing the Influence of Tunable Energy Levels on Quantum Efficiency to Design Optimal Non‐Fullerene Acceptor‐Based Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Karuthedath Safakath , Paleti Sri H. K. , Sharma Anirudh , Yin Hang , P. De Castro Catherine S. , Chen Si , Xu Han , Alshehri Nisreen , Ramos Nicolas , Khan Jafar I. , Martin Jaime , Li Gang , Laquai Frédéric , Baran Derya , Gorenflot Julien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon‐fullerene acceptor (NFA)‐based ternary bulk heterojunction solar cells (TSC) are the most efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) today due to their broader absorption and quantum efficiencies (QE) often surpassing those of corresponding binary blends. The impact on QE of the energetics driving charge transfer at the electron donor:electron acceptor (D/A) interfaces is studied in blends of PBDB‐T‐2F donor with several pairs of lower bandgap NFAs. As in binary blends, the ionization energy offset between donor and acceptor (ΔIE) controls the QE and maximizes for ΔIE > 0.5 eV. However, ΔIE is not controlled by the individual NFAs IEs but by their average, weighted for their blending ratio. Using this property, the QE of a PBDB‐T‐2F:IEICO binary blend that has an insufficient ΔIE for charge generation is improved by adding a deep IE third component: IT‐4F. Combining two NFAs enables to optimize the D/A energy alignment and cells’ QE without molecular engineering.
Layered Structure Regulation for Zinc‐Ion Batteries: Rate Capability and Cyclability Enhancement by Rotatable Pillars
Authors: Li Yutong , Zhang Su , Wang Shitong , Xiao Zunqiu , Meng Fanteng , Li Qiqi , Zhang Xinghao , Zhang Zhongtai , Zhi Linjie , Tang Zilong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRegulating the interlayer spacing of vanadium oxides by various pillars has commonly been used for improving zinc‐ion storage performance. However, most of the reported pillars are large and rigid, which sacrifices interlayer free volume, increases the steric hindrance, and results in large volume change. Herein, a layered vanadium oxide with –OH pillars by controllable heat treatment of layered vanadium oxide with rigid NH4+ pillars is prepared. Although the –OH pillars are small‐sized, they can firmly support the interlayers through the covalent bond. In addition, the rotatable –OH pillars can promote Zn‐ion diffusion and accommodate lattice deformation. Compared to the layered vanadium oxide with rigid pillars, the one with rotatable pillars shows a higher rate capability (321 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 83 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) and a better cyclability (93% capacity retention over 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1). Further mechanism studies demonstrate that the rotatable pillars show low‐hindrance and high‐stability to regulate the interlayer structure. It is emphasized that the interlayer microenvironment can not be neglected, but is crucial for advanced electrodes of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries, rather than pursuing larger interlayer spacing.
Exploring the Nanoscale Origin of Performance Enhancement in Li1.1Ni0.35Mn0.55O2 Batteries Due to Chemical Doping
Authors: Thersleff Thomas , Biendicho Jordi Jacas , Prakasha Kunkanadu Rajappa , Moreno Elias Martinez , Jøsang Leif Olav , Grins Jekabs , Jaworski Aleksander , Svensson Gunnar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite significant potential as energy storage materials for electric vehicles due to their combination of high energy density per unit cost and reduced environmental and ethical concerns, Co‐free lithium ion batteries based on layered Mn oxides presently lack the longevity and stability of their Co‐containing counterparts. Here, a reduction in this performance gap is demonstrated via chemical doping, with Li1.1Ni0.35Mn0.54Al0.01O2 achieving an initial discharge capacity of 159 mAhg−1 at C/3 rate and a corresponding capacity retention of 94.3% after 150 cycles. The nanoscale origins of this improvement are subsequently explored through a combination of advanced diffraction, spectroscopy, and electron microscopy techniques, finding that optimized doping profiles lead to an improved structural and chemical compatibility between the two constituent sub‐phases that characterize the layered Mn oxide system, resulting in the formation of unobstructed lithium ion pathways between them. A structural stabilization effect of the host compound is also directly observed near the surface using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and integrated differential phase contrast imaging.
Insights into the genotype–phenotype relationship of ocular manifestations in Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Shah Suraj S. , Fulton Anne , Jabroun Mireille , Brightman Diana , Simpson Brittany N. , Bodamer Olaf A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe aim to assess if genotype–phenotype correlations are present within ocular manifestations of Kabuki syndrome (KS) among a large multicenter cohort. We conducted a retrospective, medical record review including clinical history and comprehensive ophthalmological examinations of a total of 47 individuals with molecularly confirmed KS and ocular manifestations at Boston Children's Hospital and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. We assessed information regarding ocular structural, functional, and adnexal elements as well as pertinent associated phenotypic features associated with KS. For both type 1 KS (KS1) and type 2 KS (KS2), we observed more severe eye pathology in nonsense variants towards the C‐terminus of each gene, KMT2D and KDM6A, respectively. Furthermore, frameshift variants appeared to be not associated with structural ocular elements. Between both types of KS, ocular structural elements were more frequently identified in KS1 compared with KS2, which only involved the optic disc in our cohort. These results reinforce the need for a comprehensive ophthalmologic exam upon diagnosis of KS and regular follow‐up exams. The specific genotype may allow risk stratification of the severity of the ophthalmologic manifestation. However, additional studies involving larger cohorts are needed to replicate our observations and conduct powered analyses to more formally risk‐stratify based on genotype, highlighting the importance of multicenter collaborations in rare disease research.