bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies in delaying the progression of recent‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta‐analyses and meta‐regression
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Talal , Ahmed Rizvi Syed Hassan , Kashif Muhammad Arham Bin , Shakeel Khan Muhammad Khuzzaim , Ahmed Syed Hassan , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimType 1 diabetes mellitus is widely recognized as a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the pathogenic destruction of beta cells, resulting in the loss of endogenous insulin production. Insulin administration remains the primary therapy for symptomatic treatment. Recent studies showed that disease‐modifying agents, such as anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies, have shown promising outcomes in improving the management of the disease. In late 2022, teplizumab received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first disease‐modifying agent for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. This review aims to evaluate the clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies in the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was conducted up to December 2022 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. Meta‐analysis was performed using a random‐effects model, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to quantify the effects. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was employed for quality assessment.ResultsIn total, 11 randomized controlled trials involving 1397 participants (908 participants in the intervention arm, 489 participants in the control arm) were included in this review. The mean age of participants was 15 years, and the mean follow‐up time was 2.04 years. Teplizumab was the most commonly studied intervention. Compared with placebo, anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody treatment significantly increased the C‐peptide concentration in the area under the curve at shorter timeframes (mean difference = 0.114, 95% CI: 0.069 to 0.159, p = .000). Furthermore, anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies significantly reduced the patients' insulin intake across all timeframes (mean difference = −0.123, 95% CI: −0.151 to −0.094, p < .001). However, no significant effect on glycated haemoglobin concentration was observed.ConclusionThe findings of this review suggest that anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody treatment increases endogenous insulin production and improves the lifestyle of patients by reducing insulin dosage. Future studies should consider the limitations, including sample size, heterogeneity and duration of follow‐up, to validate the generalizability of these findings further.
A 1‐year pilot study of intralymphatic injections of GAD‐alum in individuals with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) with signs of high immunity: No safety concerns and resemblance to juvenile type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hals Ingrid K. , Balasuriya Chandima , Casas Rosaura , Ludvigsson Johnny , Björklund Anneli , Grill Valdemar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsTo test, for the first time in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), the effects of autoantigen‐specific immunotherapy by intralymphatic administration of aluminium‐formulated recombinant human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD‐alum); specifically, to test if this treatment is safe, to test whether it induces a strong immunological response akin to a similar protocol in type 1 diabetes and to look for associations with preserved beta‐cell function.Materials and MethodsThree GAD‐alum injections, 4 μg each, were administered 1 month apart into an inguinal lymph node in 14 people with newly diagnosed LADA (age 30‐62 years) presenting with high levels of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA). Adverse effects, immunological variables and beta‐cell function were monitored, with detailed measurements at 5 and 12 months from baseline.ResultsClinical adverse effects were minor and transient and measured laboratory variables were unaffected. All participants completed the study. Treatment raised levels of GADA, elicited strong effects on reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to GAD and raised cytokine/chemokine levels. Beta‐cell function appeared stable preferentially in the seven participants carrying human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes DR3DQ2, as assessed by C‐peptide glucagon tests (P < 0.05 vs. seven non‐carriers).ConclusionIntralymphatic treatment with GAD‐alum in LADA is without clinical or other safety concerns over a 12‐month period. As in a similar protocol used in type 1 diabetes, treatment exerts a strong immunological impact and is compatible with protection of beta‐cell function preferentially in HLA‐DR3DQ2 LADA patients. These findings pave the way for a randomized controlled trial in this important subgroup of LADA patients.
The quadrangular shape of the geometry of digital power(s) and the move towards a procedural digital constitutionalism
Authors: Pollicino Oreste 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe paper explores the evolution of private powers in the digital landscape, developing a quadrangular systematisation of such a phenomenon based on four main aspects: space, values, (private) actors, and (digital) constitutional remedies. Taking a trans‐Atlantic approach, the paper shows how these categories, typical of constitutionalism, apply to the context of the Internet and of new digital technologies both in the United States and in Europe. On the one hand, the United States has up to now maintained the supremacy of the notorious Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. On the other hand, European legislation has undergone a significant change, moving from a phase of digital liberalism, of which the 2000 E‐Commerce Directive is the emblem, towards a new era of digital constitutionalism, passing through the age of judicial activism of European courts. In this sense, Europe has increasingly attempted to introduce limits to private (digital) powers, with a view to better protect and enforce (also horizontally) users' fundamental rights. Additionally, the evolution of digital constitutionalism, from a vertical‐sectoral approach to a horizontal and procedure‐based one, significantly showcased by the recent Digital Services Package, is underscored, signalling the recent movement of the EU into its second phase of digital constitutionalism. In this respect, the paper argues that the great benefit of stressing the procedural dimension, which may be defined as a European application of “due (data) process” to the relationship between individuals and private powers, is that it is potentially able to help consolidate a (necessary) trans‐Atlantic bridge.
Utilization of copper slag in the fabrication of silica refractory: Characteristics and performance evaluation
Authors: Lv Zihao , Gu Huazhi , Zhang Meijie , Yang Shuang , Fu Lvping , Huang Ao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is urgently necessary for environmental resource utilization of copper slag with incremental quantities of stacked copper slag. In this paper, copper slag has been used as mineralizer and raw material to prepare silica refractory. The effect of copper slag on phase composition, microstructure, mechanical, and load deformation performance has been investigated. The results indicate that the components of copper slag as mineralizer promote the formation of tridymite. Simultaneously, copper slag promotes the densification of silica refractory and glass phase increases due to the mineralizer and impurities in copper slag. The increased glass phase promotes the cold crushing strength and cold modulus of rupture for silica refractory, while the hot modulus of rupture slightly decreases by 1.5 MPa for 6 wt% copper slag. In addition, the load softening temperature and high‐temperature creep attains 1632.6°C and ‐5.5%, respectively. It is estimated that the potential application of silica refractory with copper slag on upper part of copper stove (low‐temperature and low‐load region) is acceptable in consideration of environmental utilization of solid waste.
Instant decompression‐induced swell drying of banana: Machine learning and swarm intelligence embedded modeling and process optimization
Authors: Trivedi Dipika , Gautam Swapnil Prashant , Abdul Sayyad , Hazarika Manuj Kumar , Chakraborty Sourav 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA novel approach of instant decompression‐induced swell drying also known as instant controlled pressure drop‐hot air dried (ICPD‐HAD) process was applied for the process performance and quality enhancement of dried banana slices. Using a hybrid approach of particle swarm embedded methodology, the process parameters treatment pressure (TP), treatment time (TT), and duration of decompressed State (DDS) were optimized for various responses including drying time (DT), browning index (BI), rehydration ratio (RR), and total antioxidant activity (TAA). The optimized process conditions were found to be 0.1 MPa of TP, 25 s of TT, and 12 s of DDS for a minimum DT of 225 min and, maximum BI, RR, and TAA, of 6.20%, 3.40%, and 98.78% respectively. The results also demonstrated that the dried banana samples produced by the ICPD‐HAD method exhibited superior quality in terms of minimal DT and BI and maximum TAA and RR compared to those produced by the vacuum and hot air drying techniques. Microstructural investigation demonstrating the superiority of ICPD‐induced samples provided additional evidence for the minimum DT requirement. Furthermore, the use of an artificial neural network was employed to investigate the drying kinetics of the novel instant decompression‐induced swell drying process. With R2 greater than 0.99 and a minimum mean square error (MSE) of 0.000131, the 2‐4‐1 artificial neural network (ANN) architecture performed admirably as a means of optimal simulation and robust control of the drying process.Practical applicationsInstant decompression‐induced swell drying also known as ICPD‐HAD process is a novel approach for the drying of banana sample with enhanced process performance and quality attires. It is common for banana drying to cause loss of total antioxidant activity and other important functional properties like color and texture. This issue can be solved and process performance can be enhanced with less energy use by employing an innovative swell drying technique triggered by instant decompression. Therefore, the dried banana samples made using this cutting‐edge technique will be advantageous from a health point of view. This method can be used by the food manufacturing sector to produce dried bananas of a higher quality and greater consumer acceptance.
A new strategy to design novel modified atmosphere packaging formulation maintains the qualities of postharvest strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) during low‐temperature storage
Authors: Cheng Yu‐Tsung , Huang Ping‐Hsiu , Chan Yung‐Jia , Chen Shu‐Ju , Lu Wen‐Chien , Li Po‐Hsien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor fresh foods, the purpose and benefits of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) generally include the preservation of antioxidants, the extension of shelf life, deferral of microbial spoilage, and retention of product color. Commercial MAP products frequently involve a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, affecting consumer acceptability, cost‐effectiveness, and hygienic food safety issues. This study investigated a novel active MAP formulation for strawberries in retail packaging which ensures changes in quality‐related physicochemical characteristics [including hardness, moisture, vitamin C, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid, and appearance] during low‐temperature storage, whereas samples of different storage times were assessed for shelf life by sensory evaluation. The innovative active MAP formulation of 0.8 g of sodium ascorbate, 2.6 g of sodium carbonate, and 1.6 g of ferrous sulfate achieved atmosphere equilibrium in packaged strawberries in <48 h, compared to 5–6 days in the control group. Strawberries treated with active MAP maintained their moisture, firmness, vitamin C, TSS, and titratable acid contents better than the control group (p < 0.05). The strawberries showed softening and waterlogging of tissue and 50% moldiness by the 14th day, while the control group lost commercial value by the 8th. New applications of similar commodities in food are unavailable based on current knowledge. Therefore, the scope of fresh food applications covered in this study and the refinement of other functions will be helpful directions for future research.
Shallow depth extent of the Lesutoskraal granophyre dike in the Vredefort impact structure: Geophysical surveys and trenching data
Authors: Fourie F. D. , Huber M. S. , Kovaleva E. , Clark M. D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent observations and geophysical studies at the Vredefort impact structure have indicated that the impact melt dikes in the central uplift of the structure have small depth extents. In this study, we performed magnetic and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys of the Lesutoskraal granophyre dike (LGD) and trenched to confirm its depth extent. The ERT survey showed that outcrops of the LGD are associated with shallow resistive zones with <3 m depth extent, but such zones do not occur where outcrops are absent. Visual observations in the trench confirmed that the dike has a small depth extent (~0.75 m) at this location. However, the magnetic survey revealed anomalies along the entire strike of the dike, even where no outcrops occur. We suggest that remagnetization of the host rock within a metamorphic contact aureole could explain the presence of magnetic anomalies in the absence of outcrops. Considering the results of the ERT survey, the observations made in the trench, and the surface distribution of outcrops of the LGD, we confirm that this dike has a small depth extent (<3 m) along its entire length and propose that outcrops represent the intersection of the dike terminus with the current erosional surface.
Modeling and validation of impact forces for back‐calculation of pavement surface moduli
Authors: Zhao Mohan , Liu Yu , Wang Hainian , Xu Xinnan , Xu Shaojie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhen an impact load is sufficiently small, its influence on the pavement structure is mainly from the surface layer material. To explore the influence depth of an impact load and back‐calculation of the pavement surface modulus, both numerical calculation and experimental testing were conducted, and the results are presented in this paper. The numerical calculation was performed through a DEM‐FDM‐coupled model. After a new modulus back‐calculation algorithm is formed by analyzing the numerical modeling results, experimental tests were also conducted for verification, and the results were analyzed. The max value of the falling weight impact force was closely related to the elastic modulus of the material, and the influence depth was controllable. Finally, it is proved that the method can be used to calculate the surface layer modulus and estimate the surface layer thickness.
The disease burden of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis in Japan
Authors: Ohya Yukihiro , Saeki Hidehisa , Nawata Hisakatsu , Arima Kazuhiko , Inukai Miho , Rossi Ana B. , Le‐Bagousse‐Bego Gaelle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin condition that is associated with significant patient burden and decreased health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). We report results of the real‐world Epidemiology of Children with Atopic Dermatitis Reporting on their Experience study in Japanese pediatric patients, focusing on the impact of AD severity on disease burden.MethodsChildren and adolescents aged 6 months to 17 years (or their caregivers/parents) completed an online survey between September 26, 2018, and March 5, 2019. Patients with diagnosed AD (i.e., met International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood criteria and had a self‐reported AD diagnosis) were evaluated for disease severity using the Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM). Impact of AD severity on AD symptoms (itching, pain, and sleep disturbance), disease flares, atopic comorbidities, healthcare resource utilization, school days missed, and HRQoL were assessed.ResultsOf 5702 Japanese pediatric patients, 547 had diagnosed AD and were included in this analysis. Based on POEM scores, AD severity was clear/mild in 346 patients (63.3%), moderate in 177 (32.5%), and severe in 24 (4.4%). Across all age groups (i.e., less than 6, 6–11, and 12–17 years), increased AD severity was associated with increased AD symptom severity, number of flares, atopic comorbidities, healthcare resource utilization, and school absences, as well as worsened HRQoL.ConclusionsThis population‐based study of Japanese children and adolescents showed that greater AD severity had a high impact on disease burden.
Genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain isolated from a dairy cow that was nonresponsive to antibiotic treatment
Authors: Dassanayake Rohana P. , Ma Hao , Casas Eduardo , Lippolis John D. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain isolated from a Holstein cow with chronic mastitis. The assembled genome contained 108 contigs with an
N
50
of 130,886 bp, 66.03% GC content, 6,214 protein-coding genes, 64 RNA genes, 88 pseudogenes, and six antibiotic-resistant genes.
Discovery of an endogenous foamy virus in primitive ruminant chevrotains
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Cui Jie 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Foamy viruses (FVs) are a class of complex retroviruses that could lead to persistent infections in specific species. FVs have two evolutionary characteristics: the first is co-evolution with the host, and the second is difficulty going through the endogenization process. To date, in mammals, only a few species (aye-aye, sloths, and cape golden mole) have been found to have endogenous forms of FVs. In this study, we identified a novel endogenous FV named TraEFV in the genomes of two species of even-toed ungulate chevrotain (genus Tragulus, family Tragulidae) known as mouse-deer. Phylogenetic analysis clustered TraEFVs with an exogenous FV isolated from feline but not with those isolated from cow and horse, and such inconsistent virus-host relationships reflect their complex evolutionary history. Interestingly, TraEFVs could be divided into two lineages, suggesting that TraEFV invaded these hosts at least twice during ancient times. Finally, the molecular clock estimates that TraEFV is approximately 20 million years old, suggesting its ancient nature. Our findings enrich the host taxonomy of spumaretroviruses.

IMPORTANCE
Foamy viruses (FV) are complex retroviruses that generally codiverge with their hosts. We identified a novel endogenous FV in the genomes of two mouse-deer species, the first endogenous FV found in Artiodactyla. The phylogenetic inconsistency of viruses and hosts suggested that the viruses might have emerged from cross-species transmission in the past. These findings indicate that ancient FVs may have had a wider range of hosts that remain to be expanded.
Accelerometers of the Meteorological Complex for the Study of the Upper Atmosphere of Mars
Authors: Lipatov A. N. , Ekonomov A. P. , Makarov V. S. , Lesnykh V. A. , Goretov V. A. , Zakharkin G. V. , Zaitsev M. A. , Khlyustova L. I. , Antonenko S. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The accelerometers and the angular velocity sensor, which are part of the meteorological complex of the ExoMars-2022 landing platform (LP), are designed to measure the acceleration during the deceleration of the lander in the Martian atmosphere. Based on the data, the main parameters of the Martian atmosphere are calculated: density, pressure, and temperature. After landing, the sensors are used to determine the acceleration on the surface and vibration effects on the lander of various nature. The sensors are activated prior to entry into the atmosphere and operate during the entire descent until landing. After landing, a long-term monitoring is carried out to identify vibration effects from the atmosphere and the surface. In the paper we consider the scientific problems solved by the sensors, describe the measurement program and consider in detail the design of the sensors and their characteristics.
Basic Limitations of Self-Organization by the Example of High- and Low-Integrated Very Complex Systems (Mammalian Skeleton Elements and Mammalian Fossil Assemblages): From Empirical Evidence to Theory
Authors: Puzachenko A. Yu. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
High variety is a characteristic attribute of any material phenomena and processes involving living matter, i.e., very complex systems (VCSs). We have verified the presence of fundamental constraints on the size/shape diversity and self-organization by the example of mammalian skeleton in four orders (41 species). The properties of more than 4700 multidimensional descriptive models of VCSs were studied. A self-organization parameter R (0 ≤ R ≤ 1) was calculated for each model, and its range of variability was mainly limited to the interval from ~0.10 to ~0.31. The concepts of an abstract Ashby regulator and the Shannon–Hartley theorem were used to explain the variation in the empirical data. It has been concluded that there are significant constraints on the quality of morphological diversity regulation and the possible level of self-organization of VCSs for steady states.
Late Triassic–Jurassic bivalve biochronology, palaeogeography and palaeoenvironment of the Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: Sha Jingeng , Cheng Jinhui , Wang Yaqiong , Fang Yanan , Li Jiahao , Pan Yanhong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The middle Mesozoic of the southern Junggar Basin is a source of abundant Late Triassic–Jurassic non-marine and Early Jurassic marine–littoral bivalves. The bivalve chronology provides a framework for dating the strata and documents Early Jurassic transgressions and the end-Triassic mass extinction in the Junggar Basin. The first occurrences (FOs) and last occurrences (LOs) of
Utschamiella
cf.
tungussica
and
Utschamiella
cf.
obrutschevi
lie in the basal upper Rhaetian. The FOs of
Ferganoconcha sibirica
,
Ferganoconcha subcentralis
,
Unio manasensis
,
Unio mirabilis
and
Waagenoperna
are at, and the FOs of
Margaritifera isfarensis
,
Tutuella rotunda
and
Tutuella chachlovi
adjoin, the base of the middle Sinemurian. The LOs of
Yananoconcha hengshanensis
and
Waagenoperna
are at the Lower–Middle Jurassic boundary. The LOs of
Psilunio
,
Cuneopsis
and
F
.
subcentralis
are near the Middle–Upper Jurassic boundary. Non-marine bivalves disappeared in the late Rhaetian, due to a sudden Norian–Rhaetian temperature drop. New forms did not return until the Sinemurian, when the climate warmed. The transgressions created low-relief terrestrial environments, in which organisms including bivalves thrived, leading to the formation of large quantities of coal, oil and gas. The Junggar Basin shifted from Arctic to subtropical latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere between the Early and Middle Jurassic.