bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Darm-Hirn-Verbindung: Leaky Gut – Leaky
Brain
Authors: Runow Klaus-Dietrich 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungZonulin ist ein Marker zur Feststellung einer erhöhten
Durchlässigkeit der Darmbarriere und lässt sich im Blut oder in
Stuhlproben nachweisen. Bei einem erhöhten Zonulinwert kommt es zu einem
verstärkten Einstrom von Bakterienbestandteilen, unverdauten
Nahrungsmitteln etc. in den Blutkreislauf. In der Folge können Allergien
und Entzündungsreaktionen auftreten bzw. verstärkt werden.
Entzündungsreaktionen im Darm können auch zu einem Leaky Brain,
also zu einer Durchlässigkeit der Blut-Hirn-Schranke, führen.
Verschiedene Blutmarker geben Hinweise auf gestörte Barrieren im
Organismus, die als Hauptursache zahlreicher chronischer Erkrankungen
gelten.
Esophageal Atresia and Gastric Ectopic Pancreas: Is There a Real Association?
Authors: Barila Lompe Patricia , Gine Carlos , Laín Ana , Garcia-Martinez Laura , Diaz Hervas Maria , López Manuel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective Heterotopic pancreas (HP) is a condition in which there is well-differentiated pancreatic tissue that lacks any anatomic or vascular contact with the pancreatic gland. It normally arises from the stomach but can be found in other locations. Although it is usually asymptomatic, obstructive symptoms, bleeding, or malignant degeneration can occur. The incidence is very low, but it is significantly more common in patients with esophageal atresia (EA). The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of HP in patients with and without EA and to compare the results in both groups.
Material and Methods We conducted a 2-year prospective study in pediatric patients who benefited from an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients were divided into two groups: group “A” comprised patients with EA and group “B” those without EA. The variables analyzed were the clinical presentation, presence of HP, location, associated malformations, genetic disorders, and management.
Results A total of 192 consecutive patients were included in the study: 51 (26.6%) in group A and 141 (73.4%) in group B. Indications for endoscopy in group B were eosinophilic esophagitis in 37 (19.2%) patients, celiac disease in 23 (11.95%) patients, and other disorders in 81 (42.2%) patients. Gastric HP was found in seven patients, all of them in group A. All lesions were hosted in the prepyloric antrum. The prevalence of HP in groups A and B was 13.7 and 0%, respectively (p < 0.05). Female gender was predominant in patients with AE and HP, this result being statistically significant (p = 0.044). No other associated malformation or genetic syndrome studied showed association with HP. Only one patient debuted with upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and required excision, while six patients were asymptomatic. The mean follow-up was 54 months (range: 45–78 months).
Conclusion The incidence of gastric HP is more common in patients with EA, with the female gender being a risk factor for their association. Active search and follow-up is recommended as it may become symptomatic anytime and need resection.
Achievements, Challenges, and Future Perspective in Managing the Hessian Fly,
Mayetiola destructor
, in the USA
Authors: Chen Ming-Shun , Liu Xuming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The Hessian fly,
Mayetiola destructor
(Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is an insect pest that causes serious damage and yield loss to wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L. (Family:
Poaceae
)) and barley (
Hordeum vulgare
) in the USA as well as other wheat-growing countries in the world. Hessian fly is thought to be originated in the Fertile Crescent region of the Middle East, from where it has spread to major wheat- and barley-producing countries including Europe, the USA, West Asia, and North Africa. In the USA, outbreaks of Hessian fly result in ~5% yield losses each year and with reduced grain quality from fly-damaged plants. Through continuous research and development, various controlling measures for integrated pest management against the Hessian fly pest have been developed. This case report summarizes the achievements in controlling this insect pest in the past century and new challenges arising due to changes in climate, cultural practices, and farming objectives.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Micromechanical vibro-impact systems: a review
Authors: Tsai Chun-Pu , Li Wei-Chang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Spurred by the invention of the tapping-mode atomic force microscopy three decades ago, various micromechanical structures and systems that utilize parts with mechanical impact have been proposed and developed since then. While sharing most of the dynamical characteristics with macroscopic vibro-impact systems and benefiting from extensive theories developed, microscale counterparts possess higher percentage of surface force, higher resonance frequency and Q, and more prominent material and structural nonlinearities, all of which lead to unique features and in turn useful applications not seen in macroscopic vibro-impact systems. This paper will first present the basics of vibro-impact systems and techniques used for analyzing their nonlinear behaviors and then review the contact force modeling and numerical analysis tools. Finally, various applications of microscale vibro-impact systems will be reviewed and discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of MEMS vibro-impact systems and inspire more innovative applications that take full advantage of the beauty of nonlinear vibro-impact dynamics at the microscale.
Noise analysis and modeling for a digital control architecture for Lissajous frequency-modulated MEMS gyroscope with amplitude-modulated readout
Authors: Wang Xuetong , Zheng Xudong , Shen Yaojie , Xia Chenhao , Tong Wenyuan , Jin Zhonghe , Ma Zhipeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We report a digital control architecture that demodulates both amplitude-modulated (AM) and frequency-modulated (FM) rate information simultaneously from a gyroscope working in Lissajous frequency-modulated (LFM) mode. The angular rate information is derived from both quadrature (X and Y) resonance modes of the gyroscope simultaneously. A noise model for the AM signal processing channel of the LFM gyroscope is built, analyzed and compared with that of a conventional AM gyroscope, which shows that methods to improve the performance of the conventional AM gyroscope can also be applied to the AM signal processing channel of the LFM gyroscope. The angular rate output obtained from the AM information of the LFM gyroscope has better noise characteristics, which therefore supplements the low precision inadequacy of the FM signal channel of the LFM mode. Tests on the same gyroscope working in different control architectures are conducted. The angle random walk (ARW) and bias instability (BI) of the AM channel of the proposed architecture are 0.51 deg √h−1 and 1.8 deg h−1, respectively, which are better than the results obtained from the FM channel in the same architecture, with values of 0.99 deg √h−1 and 4.3 deg h−1, respectively. Also ARW amd BI of the same gyroscope working in conventional AM mode is 0.50 deg √h−1 and 5.2 deg h−1, respectively.
First multiplexed electrochemical wax-on-plastic chip: PNA/GO interface integration for DNA detection
Authors: Das Prabhangshu Kumer , Adil Omair , Shamsi Mohtashim Hassan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study presents the fabrication of the first multiplexed wax-on-plastic electrochemical chip with low-temperature sintering of the conductive layers. A total of 169 sensing electrodes (1.2 mm diameter each) were printed on a wax-patterned plastic substrate using silver inkjet printing. Fidelity of the device was confirmed using optical and electrical techniques. The sensing electrodes were modified using graphene oxide (GO) ink and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes through simple drop-casting. The PNA/GO interface on the multiplexed chip was used to detect DNA using differential pulse voltammetry, which records the electrons transfer from the diffusion of a soluble redox probe. The PNA/GO interface was then tested against a target concentration, target size, and mismatched target. The response of the DNA-PNA duplex on the surface was additionally compared with the prehybridized duplex, and the lower affinity of the duplexes for the GO surface was confirmed by removing Mg2+. The interface was responsive to such variables at attomolar concentrations. The low volume of the target (300 nL) at that concentration level demonstrated the chip sensitivity with only 18 target molecules on the surface.
Optically transparent conformal ultra-broadband metamaterial absorber based on ITO conductive film
Authors: Ji Shijun , Ren Hailin , Zhang Chenguang , Zhao Ji , Wu Han , Dai Handa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An optically transparent metamaterial absorber with polarization insensitivity and wide-angle absorption is proposed. The absorber, which consists of an indium tin oxide resistive film and a low-loss substrate, is optically transparent and conformal. By tuning the reflection response of the frequency-selective surface and the thickness of the spacer layer, the whole structure achieves an absorption of more than 97% in the range of 6.54–18.66 GHz. Numerical simulation results show that the absorber can still maintain an absorption rate of more than 85% in a wide range of oblique incidence angles from 0° to 60°. In addition, the intrinsic physical mechanism of the absorber is elucidated using the impedance matching theory and the distribution of surface currents. The ratio of dielectric loss and ohmic loss is also quantitatively analyzed. Finally, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the sample were measured in a microwave anechoic chamber, which showed a good agreement with the simulation results. This design uses a low-resistivity resistive film as a frequency-selective surface, which was rarely involved in previous studies, and provides a new idea for future design and application.
A magnetic skyrmion diode based on potential well inducting effect
Authors: Xu Min , Chen Wenlong , Chen Yuliang , Hu Changjing , Zhang Zhiyu , Jiang Guiqian , Zhang Jinyu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions have great potential in the application of spintronic devices due to their stable topologically protected spin configuration. To meet the needs of spintronic device design, it is necessary to manipulate the movement of the magnetic skyrmions. Here we propose a skyrmion diode based on potential well induced skyrmion motion through theoretical calculations. The potential well is generated by the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) gradient. By utilizing the induction of the potential well as well as the skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE), the velocity and trajectory of the skyrmions can be controlled and the forward pass and reverse cutoff functions of diode-like devices have been realized. Furthermore, we report the dynamics of current-driven skyrmions in a racetrack with locally applied VCMA. Under the influence of the SkHE, the difference in dynamic behavior between forward and reverse motion of the skyrmions is obvious, and the potential well can produce different pinning, depinning and annihilating effects on forward and reverse moving skyrmions. Our results can be beneficial for the design and development of magnetic skyrmion diodes.
Generalizing Thiele equation
Authors: Kim Bom Soo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We generalize the Thiele equation with a transverse velocity to the skyrmion motion described by the collective coordinate of magnetization vector. It is applied to investigate a significant disparity in the existing data sets of skyrmion and antiskyrmion Hall angles. Our analysis further reveals interesting differences of these Hall angles near the angular momentum compensation point. We identify a possible physical quantity that is responsible for the disparity.
Higher energy density of MoSe2/polyaniline capsule nanospheres for enhanced performance supercapacitor
Authors: Zhang Huimin , He Geping , Zheng Donghao , HuangFu Huijun , Li Yanxia , Mi Yuanmei , Wu Minye , Yuan Hudie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It is very important to develop novel nanocomposites as electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). MoSe2 porous nanospheres were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method, and polyaniline (PANI) nanosheets were grown in situ to obtain MoSe2/PANI capsule nanospheres (CNs). By changing the amount of aniline, it was found that MoSe2/PANI-16 CNs had the best electrochemical performance, and a high specific capacitance of 753.2 F g−1 was obtained at a current density of 1 A g−1. In addition, the interface electron transport path was clarified that a C–Mo–Se bridge bonds may be formed for rapid electron transfer. The reaction kinetics was also explored. The large specific surface areas of MoSe2/PANI CNs provided more reactive sites, so that the contribution of pseudocapacitance was much larger than diffusion capacitance. The assembled MoSe2/PANI//activated carbon asymmetric supercapacitor has a energy density of 20.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 650 W kg−1. These results indicate that the MoSe2/PANI CNs are a promising electrode material.
Automatic segmentation of rectal tumors from MRI using multiscale densely connected convolutional neural network based on attention mechanism
Authors: Zhang Kenan , Yang Xiaotang , Cui Yanfen , Zhao Jumin , Li Dengao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging has become a vital tool in diagnosing and treating patients with rectal cancer. Notably, early diagnosis of rectal cancer can help improve patient survival rate; however, the clinical expertize of physicians is a limiting factor. Therefore, we propose an attention-based multiscale densely connected convolutional neural network based on an attention mechanism to improve the accuracy of diagnosis by automatically segmenting rectal tumors from two-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance images (MRI) using computer-aided diagnostic techniques. First, to address the inability of U-Net (a classical segmentation network for medical images) and extract rich semantic features and the inconsistent shape and size of tumors between different patients, we replace the conventional convolutional blocks in the U-Net network with multiscale densely connected convolutional blocks. Second, to make the network focus better on global contextual information, we add central blocks with atrous convolution in the final coding layer or the last coding layer. Finally, we add a hybrid attention mechanism to each decoder module to help the model focus on the features of the rectal tumor region. We validated the effectiveness of the proposed method using 3773 2D MRI datasets from 572 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, Dice correlation coefficient, and Hausdorff distance of MRI rectal tumor segmentation were 85.47%, 86.35%, 94.71%, and 7.88 mm, respectively. The results showed that the proposed method outperforms conventional approaches. Moreover, the proposed method has better segmentation results in the rectal tumor segmentation task and can provide physicians with the second-most important clinical diagnostic opinion.
Statistical models of complex brain networks: a maximum entropy approach
Authors: Dichio Vito , De Vico Fallani Fabrizio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The brain is a highly complex system. Most of such complexity stems from the intermingled connections between its parts, which give rise to rich dynamics and to the emergence of high-level cognitive functions. Disentangling the underlying network structure is crucial to understand the brain functioning under both healthy and pathological conditions. Yet, analyzing brain networks is challenging, in part because their structure represents only one possible realization of a generative stochastic process which is in general unknown. Having a formal way to cope with such intrinsic variability is therefore central for the characterization of brain network properties. Addressing this issue entails the development of appropriate tools mostly adapted from network science and statistics. Here, we focus on a particular class of maximum entropy models for networks, i.e. exponential random graph models, as a parsimonious approach to identify the local connection mechanisms behind observed global network structure. Efforts are reviewed on the quest for basic organizational properties of human brain networks, as well as on the identification of predictive biomarkers of neurological diseases such as stroke. We conclude with a discussion on how emerging results and tools from statistical graph modeling, associated with forthcoming improvements in experimental data acquisition, could lead to a finer probabilistic description of complex systems in network neuroscience.
Angular time delay in quantum mechanical scattering
Authors: Zahn Jochen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We apply Brunetti and Fredenhagen’s concept of the time of occurrence of an event in quantum mechanics Brunetti and Fredenhagen (2002 Phys. Rev. A
66 044101) to the example of scattering off a spherical potential. Thereby, we re-derive the expression of Froissart, Goldberger, and Watson for the angular time delay Froissart et al (1963 Phys. Rev.
131 2820), clarifying some conceptual issues with their derivation. We also present an elementary re-derivation of the ‘space shift’ (essentially the impact parameter) defined in the quantum mechanical context by the same authors. We clarify the relation of both quantities to their classical counterparts in the context of the WKB approximation. As an example, we apply the concepts to scattering at a hard sphere. We find pronounced peaks in the both the time delay and the space shift at the minima of intensity in the forward diffraction region for short wavelength scattering and discuss whether these could in principle be observable.
Modulating anti-dark vector solitons
Authors: Peng Yangyang , Xu Guangyu , Zhang Keyun , Liao Meisong , Fang Yongzheng , Zhou Yan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Theoretical analysis of the modulation of anti-dark vector solitons is conducted in this work. The simulation depends on a single-mode optical fiber out-cavity modulation system model that works at 1 μm. The anti-dark vector soliton’s initial state is assumed to be polarization-/group-velocity-locked, with same/different central wavelengths in orthogonally polarized directions. After soliton parameter modulation, modulated anti-dark vector solitons at the output port will demonstrate different properties in orthogonal directions. For example, two symmetrically located frequency peaks always exist for output orthogonal modes when the input state is polarization-locked. And a dual-wavelength anti-dark vector soliton with temporal pulse oscillation can be generated by changing the projection angle with the help of a polarization beam splitter, when the input vector soliton’s group-velocity is locked. These modulation results are instructive for the study of out-cavity modulating optical fiber vector soltions with different pulsed properties.
Tribological Properties of PLA 3D Printed at Different Extrusion Temperature
Authors: Zainal M A , Ismail K I , Yap T C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing is widely used to manufacture prototype. To manufacture functional products with FDM 3D printing, several existing challenges have to be solved. Tribological behaviour of 3D printed parts has to be improved and optimised. In current study, friction and wear behaviours of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) printed at different extrusion temperature (190°C, 200°C, 210°C, 220°C, 230°C) sliding against steel disc were investigated. Pin on disc experiments that complies with ASTM G99-95a (2000) were conducted at a normal load of 15 N, and rotational speed of 150 RPM (0.69 m/s). Results showed that increasing the extrusion temperature resulted in a lower pin wear (specific mass loss) and higher friction coefficients. Pins printed at 190°C showed to have the biggest pin mass loss and lowest friction coefficients, whereas pins printed at 230°C showed to have the lowest pin mass loss and highest friction coefficients. This indicates the higher the extrusion temperature, the more capable it is for the deposited material to flow and homogenise with the neighbouring material which creates a flatter surface with less void between layers. Thus, effectively improving the interlayer bond making the FDM 3D printed part less susceptible to shear stress and delamination.
A Novel Metamaterial-Based Stent with Dual Properties of Auxetic and Self-Expanding
Authors: Zhou Yang , Sun Beibei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Vascular stents have been widely used in various cardiovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis, while the potential risks of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and stent thrombosis (ST) still restrict its further development. Here, by combining the self-expanding (SE) mechanism and auxetic metamaterial, a novel SE stent called MBS was proposed and systematically studied. Through the finite element (FE) method, a stent-artery coupling model was established to study the crimping, expanding, and pulsating behaviors of the proposed MBS. Results show that the MBS well retains various advantages, including a large recoverable strain, a large radial resistance force (RRF), and a smaller radial opening force (ROF). Meanwhile, due to the auxetic effect of the adopted re-entrant honeycomb, the MBS shows a significant negative foreshortening behavior, which can be designed from about -5% to about -50%. Besides, fatigue analysis also shows that all strain-based points are within the design criteria. Geometric parameter of RE cell shows a great effect on the comprehensive performance of the MBS, which needs a further optimal design for ideal radial force, foreshortening effect and fatigue performance. In conclusion, the novel design is expected to improve the mechanical properties of the traditional stent, which should be given more attention in further research.
Analysis of a Mechanical Anchoring System for Landing on Asteroids
Authors: Wang Weimin , Yung K. L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The landing process to an asteroid is discussed with a Nimble Lander. The miniature harpoons are chosen as the anchoring device to landing to asteroid in the Nimble Lander. The analysis results provide detailed information of the anchoring with harpoon as anchoring device. Many different designs of harpoon have been tested by simulation, the best of three designs of harpoon are analyzed for anchoring to Apophis. Instead of the modelling of the anchor as a rigid cylindrical projectile in penetration models, the deformation of the harpoon is fully considered in the anchoring analysis. The analysis provides ground base a reliable design anchoring system for landing to Asteroids.
Finite Element Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Non-Pyrotechnics Separation Device
Authors: Liu Yanhao , Pan Yi , Sun Beibei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The research object of this paper is non-pyrotechnics separation device based on SMA. The non-pyrotechnics separation device with different buffer materials is simulated and analyzed by setting accurate simulation parameters. The results show that when the cushion material is TC4, the maximum acceleration of the housing is 269.3g and the separation of the device is completed at 11ms. When the cushion material is rubber, the maximum acceleration of the housing is 122 g, and the device is separated at 12.56 ms.