bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale assessment of oviposition habitat associations and implications for management in the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula), an emerging invasive pest
Authors: Ramirez Victoria A. , De Bona Sebastiano , Helmus Matthew R. , Behm Jocelyn E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Control of incipient invaders—established invasive species in the early stages of spreading—can be inhibited by incomplete knowledge of the species' habitat use. By identifying consistent habitat associations for incipient invaders early, control efforts can be more effective. Yet, because habitat associations are the result of multiscale processes, approaches are needed for integrating data collected across scales to identify them.

We employed a hierarchical, multiscale approach to identify oviposition habitat associations in the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula), an incipient invasive species of high concern in the United States. We targeted four oviposition habitat spatial scales most likely to be used by lanternflies and the spatial scales of explanatory habitat variables most easily used by managers to locate egg masses to control.

Spotted lanternflies exhibited oviposition habitat associations at the landscape, site, and tree scales. Overall, lanternflies oviposited more frequently at sites and on trees with low canopy cover in the surrounding landscape indicating higher use of human‐impacted habitat. Additionally, they oviposited more frequently on trees from the Acer genus and in the crowns of larger trees beyond the reach of managers without special equipment. The duration a site had been invaded had opposing effects on oviposition at the site and tree scales.

Despite high variation in the number of eggs per egg mass, no habitat variables explained this variation, suggesting more work is needed to understand spotted lanternfly reproductive output.

Synthesis and applications: Our results indicate that a multiscale approach is needed for spotted lanternfly control with unique strategies for locating egg masses at sites and on trees that vary in invasion duration. Specifically, at younger sites at the invasion edge, managers should expect patchy colonization of sites, yet when a site is colonized, many trees will have egg masses. Comparatively, older sites at the invasion core are more likely to have egg masses present, yet often at a lower density, which may make them difficult to find on individual trees. Based on our results, we assert that multiscale investigations of habitat associations would likely inform the control of other incipient invasive species as well.
Dynamics and recovery of forest understory biodiversity over 17 years following varying levels of retention harvesting
Authors: Bartels Samuel F. , Macdonald S. Ellen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Retention harvesting is advocated as an alternative to intensive timber harvesting, such as clear‐cutting, to better maintain or facilitate recovery of biodiversity and other ecological values in managed forests. However, it is not clear how long the benefits of retention harvests persist.

We investigated responses of understory vascular plant cover, richness, diversity (inverse Simpson index) and composition to a gradient in dispersed retention (2% [clear‐ cut], 10%, 20%, 50% and 75% retention; unharvested reference [100% retention]) at 3, 6, 11, and 17 years after harvest, in four boreal mixedwood forest types (deciduous (broadleaf)‐dominated, deciduous‐dominated with conifer understory, mixed, and conifer‐dominated) in western Canada.

Understory cover and richness tended to increase in the short‐term (3 years), peaked at 6–11 years with differences following the gradient of harvesting intensity, then plateaued or declined in the second decade (17 years), by which time there were minimal or no differences among harvesting levels, including the reference. Responses for diversity were minimal. In contrast, composition varied along the gradient of harvesting intensity and showed little recovery towards the unharvested condition over the 17‐year period. Generally, for plant community composition, clear‐cut and lower retention treatments (10%, 20%) were similar to one another but differed from the higher retention and unharvested reference treatments.

Synthesis and applications: Retention harvests can moderate the negative impacts of harvesting and facilitate the recovery of biodiversity. Our results suggest that for the cover, richness and diversity of understory vascular plants, this moderating influence is weak and short‐lived. However, higher levels of retention can temper changes in understory composition relative to the unharvested forest, but full recovery is likely to be slow and will be complicated by post‐harvest regeneration dynamics.
Rapid nitrification involving comammox and canonical Nitrospira at extreme pH in saline‐alkaline lakes
Authors: Daebeler Anne , Güell‐Bujons Queralt , Mooshammer Maria , Zechmeister Thomas , Herbold Craig W. , Richter Andreas , Wagner Michael , Daims Holger 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB) catalyse the second nitrification step and are the main biological source of nitrate. The most diverse and widespread NOB genus is Nitrospira, which also contains complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) that oxidize ammonia to nitrate. To date, little is known about the occurrence and biology of comammox and canonical nitrite oxidizing Nitrospira in extremely alkaline environments. Here, we studied the seasonal distribution and diversity, and the effect of short‐term pH changes on comammox and canonical Nitrospira in sediments of two saline, highly alkaline lakes. We identified diverse canonical and comammox Nitrospira clade A‐like phylotypes as the only detectable NOB during more than a year, suggesting their major importance for nitrification in these habitats. Gross nitrification rates measured in microcosm incubations were highest at pH 10 and considerably faster than reported for other natural, aquatic environments. Nitrification could be attributed to canonical and comammox Nitrospira and to Nitrososphaerales ammonia‐oxidizing archaea. Furthermore, our data suggested that comammox Nitrospira contributed to ammonia oxidation at an extremely alkaline pH of 11. These results identify saline, highly alkaline lake sediments as environments of uniquely strong nitrification with novel comammox Nitrospira as key microbial players.
Relationships between fluid mixing, biodiversity, and chemosynthetic primary productivity in Yellowstone hot springs
Authors: Fernandes‐Martins Maria C. , Colman Daniel R. , Boyd Eric S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe factors that influence biodiversity and productivity of hydrothermal ecosystems are not well understood. Here we investigate the relationship between fluid mixing, biodiversity, and chemosynthetic primary productivity in three co‐localized hot springs (RSW, RSN, and RSE) in Yellowstone National Park that have different geochemistry. All three springs are sourced by reduced hydrothermal fluid, but RSE and RSN receive input of vapour phase gas and oxidized groundwaters, with input of both being substantially higher in RSN. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that communities in RSN were more biodiverse than those of RSE and RSW in all dimensions evaluated. Microcosm activity assays indicate that rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) uptake were also higher in RSN than in RSE and RSW. Together, these results suggest that increased mixing of reduced volcanic fluid with oxidized fluids generates additional niche space capable of supporting increasingly biodiverse communities that are more productive. These results provide insight into the factors that generate and maintain chemosynthetic biodiversity in hydrothermal systems and that influence the distribution, abundance, and diversity of microbial life in communities supported by chemosynthesis. These factors may also extend to other ecosystems not supported by photosynthesis, including the vast subterranean biosphere and biospheres beneath ice sheets and glaciers.
A glimpse behind the organisational curtain: A dramaturgical analysis exploring the ways healthcare staff engage with online patient feedback ‘front’ and ‘backstage’ at three hospital Trusts in England
Authors: Ramsey Lauren , O’Hara Jane , Lawton Rebecca , Sheard Laura 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHealthcare staff are encouraged to use feedback from their patients to inform service and quality improvement. Receiving patient feedback via online channels is a relatively new phenomenon that has rarely been conceptualised. Further, the implications of a wide, varied and unknown(able) audience being able to view and interact with online patient feedback are yet to be understood. We applied a theoretical lens of dramaturgy to a large ethnographic dataset, collected across three NHS Trusts during 2019/2020. We found that organisations demonstrated varying levels of ‘preparedness to perform’ online, from invisibility through to engaging in public conversation with patients within a wider mission for transparency. Restrictive ‘cast lists’ of staff able to respond to patients was the hallmark of one organisation, whereas another devolved responding responsibility amongst a wide array of multidisciplinary staff. The visibility of patient‐staff interactions had the potential to be culturally disruptive, dichotomously invoking either apprehensions of reputational threat or providing windows of opportunity. We surmise that a transparent and conversational feedback response frontstage aligns with the ability to better prioritise backstage improvement. Legitimising the autonomous frontstage activity of diverse staff groups may help shift organisational culture, and gradually ripple outwards a shared responsibility for transparent improvement.
Business continuity for times of vulnerability: Empirical evidence
Authors: Sánchez Marisa A. , De Batista Marianela 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganizations operate in environments of vulnerability. While there are methodologies that guide business continuity management, it is evident that organizations remain vulnerable to disruptions emerging in times of transformation and systemic change. This work aims to compile and analyze the disruptions and related risk management strategies or activities described in the literature, and explore which disruptions are creating concern in companies and how they approach them. The methodology is based on a review of the literature and from the review we define a questionnaire to guide semi‐structured interviews to managers from companies all located in a highly volatile macroeconomic context. The literature describes disruptions related with governance, cyberattacks, technology, supply chain, internal processes, and shock events and both precrises and postcrises strategies. The empirical analysis using data from companies reveals that (a) the most stressful disruptions are the currency devaluation, the high inflation rate, and government interventions and (b) managers rely on collaborative work, effective communication between stakeholders, supportive leadership, and constant adaptation to the new environment. Future research is required on techniques supporting adaptation to ‘new normalcy’.
Continued versus discontinued oxytocin stimulation in the active phase of induced labour: Factors associated with unexpectedly high rates of conversion to open label oxytocin in the CONDISOX trial
Authors: Steer Philip J. , Glavind Julie , Uldbjerg Niels , Bor Pinar , Boie Sidsel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the factors associated with unexpectedly high rates of conversion to open label oxytocin in the CONDISOX trial of continuation versus discontinuation of oxytocin infusion during induced labour.DesignSecondary retrospective analysis of data from a prospective randomised controlled trial.SettingNine hospitals in Denmark and one in the Netherlands between 8 April 2016 and 30 June 2020.Population or sample1200 women having labour induced.MethodsAnalysis of outcomes by actual management.Main outcome measuresMode of delivery and associated variables.ResultsSwitching to open label oxytocin (42.4% overall) was associated with nulliparity, an unripe cervix, larger babies and higher rates of delivery by caesarean section.ConclusionsIn the CONDISOX trial, slow labour was associated with features suggesting a higher ‘resistance to progress’, often prompting the use of open‐label oxytocin infusion rather than study medication.
The nutritional profile of plant‐based meat analogues available for sale in Australia
Authors: Melville Hannah , Shahid Maria , Gaines Allison , McKenzie Briar L. , Alessandrini Roberta , Trieu Kathy , Wu Jason H. Y. , Rosewarne Emalie , Coyle Daisy H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the nutritional quality of plant‐based meat analogues in Australia, compared to equivalent meat products, and to assess levels of micronutrient fortification in meat analogues.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used nutrition composition data for products collected in 2021 from major supermarkets in Australia. Nutritional quality was assessed using the Health Star Rating, energy (kJ), protein (g), saturated fat (g), sodium (mg), total sugars (g), and fibre content (g) per 100 g, and level of food processing using the NOVA classification. Proportion of products fortified with iron, vitamin B12 and zinc were reported. Differences in health star rating and nutrients between food categories were assessed using independent t‐tests.ResultsSeven hundred ninety products (n = 132 plant‐based and n = 658 meat) across eight food categories were analysed. Meat analogues had a higher health star rating (mean 1.2 stars, [95% CI: 1.0–1.4 stars], p < 0.001), lower mean saturated fat (−2.4 g/100 g, [−2.9 to −1.8 g/100 g], p < 0.001) and sodium content (−132 mg/100 g, [−186 to −79 mg/100 g], p < 0.001), but higher total sugar content (0.7 g/100 g, [0.4–1.1 g/100 g], p < 0.001). Meat analogues and meat products had a similar proportion of ultra‐processed products (84% and 89%, respectively). 12.1% of meat analogues were fortified with iron, vitamin B12 and zinc.ConclusionMeat analogues generally had a higher health star rating compared with meat equivalents, however, the nutrient content varied. Most meat analogues were also ultra‐processed and few are fortified with key micronutrients found in meat. More research is needed to understand the health impact of these foods.
Evaluating the role of time in range as a glycemic target during short‐term intensive insulin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Liu Liehua , Ke Weijian , Xu Lijuan , Li Hai , Liu Juan , Wan Xuesi , Liu Jianbin , Deng Wanping , Cao Xiaopei , Xiao Haipeng , Li Yanbing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundTight glycemic control during short‐term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT) is critical for inducing diabetes remission in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). This work aimed to investigate the role of time in range (TIR) during SIIT as a novel glycemic target by predicting clinical outcomes.MethodsSIIT was given to 116 patients with newly diagnosed T2D, with daily eight‐point capillary glucose monitored. Glycemic targets (fasting/premeal glucose, 3.9–6.0 mmol/L; 2 h postprandial blood glucose, 3.9–7.8 mmol/L) were achieved and maintained for 2 weeks. TIRPIR was calculated as the percentage of glucose points within these glycemic targets during the maintenance period and was compared to TIR3.9–7.8mmol/L and TIR3.9–10.0mmol/L. Acute insulin response (AIR), HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐B, and disposition index (DI) were measured. Patients were followed up for 1 year to observe clinical outcomes.ResultsTIRPIR, TIR3.9–7.8mmol/L, and TIR3.9–10.0mmol/L were 67.2 ± 11.2%, 80.8 ± 9.2%, and 90.1 ± 6.2%, respectively. After SIIT, β‐cell function and insulin sensitivity improved remarkably, and the 1‐year remission rate was 55.2%. △AIR and △DI were positively correlated with all the TIR values, whereas only TIRPIR was correlated with △HOMA‐IR (r = −0.22, p = 0.03). Higher TIRPIR but not TIR3.9–7.8mmol/L or TIR3.9–10.0mmol/L was robustly associated with diabetes remission; patients in the lower TIRPIR tertile had an elevated risk of hyperglycemia relapse (hazard ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.6–7.2， p = .001). Only those with TIRPIR ≥ 65% had a one‐year remission rate of over 60%.ConclusionsThese findings advocate TIRPIR ≥ 65% as a novel glycemic target during SIIT for clinical decision‐making.
Costovertebral joint involvement in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: A case‐series computed tomography study
Authors: Shouval Aniela , Croitoru Simona , Keret Shiri , Eshed Iris , Slobodin Gleb 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate structural changes of costovertebral joints (CVJ) in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (rAxSpA) using computed tomography (CT) studies.MethodsAvailable chest or thoracic spine CT studies of 17 patients with rAxSpA and 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were analyzed. Ankylosis, erosions, joint space narrowing, and osteophytes were assessed.ResultsThe groups were similar by patients' average age, but the rAxSpA group included more males (11/17) compared to the RA group (4/17, p = 0.036). In all, 748 CVJ were assessed in each patient group, including 408 head‐vertebral joints (HVJ) and 340 costotransverse joints (CTJ). rAxSpA patients had significantly more total CVJ lesions (p < 0.001 for all comparisons), more lesions in the HVJ (p < 0.001, for all comparisons), and more lesions in the CTJ (p ≤ 0.005, for all comparisons, except for osteophytes), compared to the RA group. All types of lesions, including ankylosis, erosions, narrowing, and osteophytes, were seen more frequently in rAxSpA patients. Joint space narrowing and ankylosis of the CVJ were the most frequently seen findings in rAxSpA and were distributed throughout the thoracic spine.ConclusionsStructural pathology of the CVJ was more commonly observed in patients with rAxSpA than in RA patients in this study.
The association between adverse childhood experiences and epigenetic age acceleration in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA)
Authors: Joshi Divya , Gonzalez Andrea , Lin David , Raina Parminder 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResearch examining the association between exposure to a wide range of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and accelerated biological aging in older adults is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of ACEs, both as a cumulative score and individual forms of adversity, with epigenetic age acceleration assessed using the DNA methylation (DNAm) GrimAge and DNAm PhenoAge epigenetic clocks in middle and older‐aged adults. This cross‐sectional study analyzed baseline and first follow‐up data on 1445 participants aged 45–85 years from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) who provided blood samples for DNAm analysis. ACEs were assessed using a validated self‐reported questionnaire. Epigenetic age acceleration was estimated by regressing each epigenetic clock estimate on chronological age. Cumulative ACEs score was associated with higher DNAm GrimAge acceleration (β: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.11) after adjusting for covariates. Childhood exposure to parental separation or divorce (β: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.11) and emotional abuse (β: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.12) were associated with higher DNAm GrimAge acceleration after adjusting for other adversities and covariates. There was no statistical association between ACEs and DNAm PhenoAge acceleration. Early life adversity may become biologically embedded and lead to premature biological aging, in relation to DNAm GrimAge, which estimates risk of mortality. Strategies that increase awareness of ACEs and promote healthy child development are needed to prevent ACEs.
Alcohol use and motives for drinking across the menstrual cycle in a psychiatric outpatient sample
Authors: Barone Jordan C. , Ross Jaclyn M. , Nagpal Anisha , Guzman Gabriela , Berenz Erin , Pang Raina D. , Eisenlohr‐Moul Tory A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundFemales who misuse alcohol experience high rates of negative physical and mental health consequences. Existing findings are inconsistent but suggest a relationship between ovarian hormones and alcohol use. We aim to clarify how alcohol use and drinking motives vary across the menstrual cycle in female psychiatric outpatients using the luteinizing hormone (LH)‐confirmed cycle phase.MethodsDaily self‐reports (n = 3721) were collected from 94 naturally cycling females, recruited for past‐month suicidal ideation, during the baseline phase of three parent clinical trials between February 2017 and May 2022. Multilevel logistic and linear models estimated the relationship between the cycle phase (with LH‐surge confirmed ovulation) and daily alcohol use or drinking motives, moderated by the weekend. Models were adjusted for age, legal drinking status, substance use disorder, and the COVID‐19 pandemic, and included random effects.ResultsParticipants were generally more likely to drink in the midluteal (vs. perimenstrual) phase, but more likely to drink heavily on weekends in periovulatory and perimenstrual (vs. midluteal) phases. Social motives for drinking were significantly higher on weekends in the periovulatory, mid‐follicular, and midluteal phases (vs. weekdays), but this finding was non‐significant in the perimenstrual phase. Participants rated drinking to cope higher in the perimenstrual phase (vs. midluteal phase), regardless of the weekend.ConclusionIn a psychiatric sample with LH‐surge‐confirmed ovulation, we find an increased likelihood to drink heavily in periovulatory and perimenstrual phases on weekends. We also find that the perimenstrual phase is associated with increased drinking to cope, and relatively lower weekend social drinking. Finally, random effects across models suggest individual differences in the extent to which the cycle influences drinking. Our findings stress (1) predictable phases of increased high‐risk alcohol use across the menstrual cycle, and (2) the importance of individual assessment of cyclical changes in alcohol use to predict and prevent ovulation‐ and menses‐related surges in heavy drinking.
Effects of audit committee chair characteristics on auditor choice, audit fee and audit quality
Authors: Azizkhani Masoud , Hossain Sarowar , Nguyen Mai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigate whether the characteristics of audit committee (AC) chairs are associated with decisions about auditor choice, audit fees and audit quality. Using hand‐collected Australian data, firms with AC chairs who have longer tenure and multiple AC memberships across several boards are found to be more likely to choose Big 4 and/or industry specialist auditors, pay higher audit fees and have lower discretionary accruals. Those AC chairs with higher business qualifications are more likely to hire a Big 4 auditor, pay higher audit fees and have lower discretionary accruals, while AC chairs with professional qualifications are more likely to hire a Big 4 and/or industry specialist auditor. In contrast, firms with AC chairs who are executive directors are less likely to hire a Big 4 auditor and have higher discretionary accruals. Our findings contribute to the literature by documenting that various characteristics of AC chairs are important for enhancement of auditor selection and audit quality.