bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Man-made infrastructures as accidental traps for herpetofauna in eastern Spain: incidence and modelling
Authors: Gálvez Ángel , Alonso Miguel , Bisbal-Chinesta Josep F. , Burgos Javier , Candel David , Gil Berto , Gómez-Mercader Antonio , Mondéjar Álex , Ortega Carlos , Sánchez Rubén , Real Marcos , Rosillo Emilio , Vicent-Castelló Pablo , Albero Luis 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Water supplies in arid regions have traditionally been assured by cisterns, channels, wells, among other man-made structures with smooth vertical walls that can be deadly traps for several animals, including amphibians and reptiles. In this study, we investigate the incidence of such “trap structures” on the herpetofauna of the eastern Iberian Peninsula. We explored which features of these structures and which biological traits are associated with higher incidence of falling into these traps. We studied 205 trap structures and found 1224 amphibians or reptiles representing 25 different species, including endangered and protected ones. Broad-scale macroclimate and landscape variables were not associated with the incidence of traps. Instead, trap impact was influenced mainly by trap morphology and season of the year, which suggests that construction design and species phenology are the main factors to affect the incidence of a trap. Biological traits (subterranean or aquatic habits, diet, nocturnal activity or emission of reproductive calls) in some species were related to the probability of falling into these traps. Some species of snakes, lizards, and toads were more prone to fall in trap structures than other species. We conclude that trap structures can strongly impact amphibian and reptile survival, especially in arid or semi-arid regions where wells and water cisterns are widespread.
Value, Exchange, and Heinrich’s ‘New Reading of Marx’: Remarks on Marx’s Value-Theory, 1867–72
Authors: Lietz Barbara , Schwarz Winfried 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The exclusive emergence of value and abstract human labour through exchange of mere products is a fundamental principle within the ‘New Reading of Marx’, especially that of Michael Heinrich. He invokes both Capital and the manuscript Additions and Changes, where Marx revised his value-form analysis for the second edition of Capital. However, this manuscript does not support Heinrich’s view. In the same handwritten manuscript, Marx drafted the subsection on the fetishism of the commodity with two passages that Heinrich claims as evidence for his interpretation. Against this, we elaborate Marx’s understanding of abstract human labour as the specific social character of private labour; it does not result from exchange but rather is its prerequisite. Heinrich’s attempt fails to include demand in the magnitude of value. Finally, he does not explain the value-formation by circulation and production. Rather, his one-sided view of exchange means, by way of its logical implications, that the capitalist production process is no longer the unity of the labour process and the valorisation process, but mere production of use-values.
Entretien avec Sophie Bessis
Authors: Alba Sonia 
Published: June 2023

Résumé
Sophie Bessis est une écrivaine et historienne tuniso-française spécialiste du Maghreb. Dans cet entretien, l’auteure répond à des questions portant sur son écriture et sur des questions sociales, politiques et économiques spécifiques à la société tunisienne pré et post révolutionnaire. La question des droits et du militantisme des femmes en Tunisie y est également abordée. Cet entretien a été réalisé en 2014 et il a été revu par Sophie Bessis avant sa publication en 2021.
An Outline of a Plagiarism Controversy from the Abbasid Era: Al-Sarī l-Raffāʾ vs. the Khālidī Brothers
Authors: Naaman Erez 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One of the bitterest plagiarism controversies recorded in the medieval Arabic sources concerned the poet al-Sarī l-Raffāʾ and the two poets known as the Khālidī brothers. Based on the surviving evidence, this article examines closely the dispute between both parties in Iraq and Syria of the fourth/tenth century and the various ways in which it engaged others, including very prominent figures of the Abbasid era. Attention is paid to the development of the dispute and to the steps taken by each side to prevail over the other. The present article shows how the victory of the Khālidī brothers was structurally facilitated by the absence of formal legal mechanisms and procedures to address plagiarism allegations in the Abbasid period.
Narrative in Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ
Authors: Almutawa Shatha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article examines the narratives that appear in the encyclopedic Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ (Epistles of the Brethren of Purity). Written in the tenth century, this multi-layered Neoplatonic work contains over 40 narratives—parables, allegories, fables, animal tales, and dialogues. These narratives serve multiple purposes, including the elucidation and illustration of ethical, philosophical, religious, mathematical, and scientific concepts. Together they encapsulate the philosophy of the secret society that produced them. With the exception of the famous animal fable, The Case of the Animals vs. Man in the Court of the King of the Jinn, these narratives have received little scholarly attention. Those narratives that have been studied have been considered in isolation rather than with the other narratives of the corpus. This article identifies the narratives in each epistle that utilizes them, shows their distribution, examines their types, and provides examples of the shorter narratives.
ʿ⁠Abdullāh al-ʿ⁠Arwī’s ʾAwrāq: sīrat Idrīs al-dhihniyyah and the Aesthetics-Politics Dialectic
Authors: El Younssi Anouar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article discusses the politics of form in ʿ⁠Abdullāh al-ʿ⁠Arwī’s 1989 ʾAwrāq: sīrat Idrīs al-dhihniyyah (Papers: Idrīs’s Intellectual Biography), an important contribution to Moroccan experimental literature in the postcolonial era. Together with Muḥammad Barrādah’s 1987 novel Luʿbat al-nisyān (The Game of Forgetting, 1996), Awrāq consolidated the experimental turn in the Moroccan literary scene, aiding thereby its ascent to the mainstream. ʾAwrāq is a two-layered text, presenting the reader with, first, a stack of papers of various sorts belonging to the diseased protagonist Idrīs, and second, the commentaries on this archive by the narrator and Shuʿ⁠ayb. The book constantly oscillates between these two layers, attempting in the process to shake the dominant realist form and its underlying European point of reference. ʾAwrāq’s search for its best form parallels Idrīs’s quest to restore, or be reconciled to, his identity in the context of France and Europe’s colonial project and its legacy. The text’s experimentalism is thus strategically harnessed to wrestle, within the diegesis, with various political and sociocultural challenges facing Morocco, and the Arab/Arabo-Amazigh world more broadly, in the postcolonial era—including the colossal task of reconciling the Islamic heritage (al-turāth) with hegemonic Western discourses of modernity.
Whose Pathways are They? The Top-Down/Bottom-Up Conundrum of Complementary Pathways for Refugees
Authors: van Selm Joanne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With so many actors and varying motivations involved, one aspect of the ongoing development of complementary pathways that requires greater attention is the question of whether the pathways are best seen as a top-down or a bottom-up endeavour. Linked to this is the issue of the roles of various actors (i.e., communities, national authorities, the national protection regime and the refugees themselves) in practically creating pathways, and embedding them in an overall refugee protection regime, and how to keep a balance of inputs and expectations among all these different players. The key enquiry of this article is thus whether the bottom-up aspect of complementary pathways lend them any greater chance of success? Can community action be inspired, even requested ‘from above’ by governments or the international organizations? Or does it have to be organic, and start from below? And if complementary pathways are for refugees, how are refugees included?
In the Rubble of War, A Little Flower: How Thérèse Conquered the Oriental Heart of John C. H. Wu
Authors: Stout Huili S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper narrates the conversion story of the Chinese statesman and scholar John C. H. Wu at the beginning of the Second World War in Asia. Wu’s conversion to Catholicism was the culmination of a public intellectual’s struggle for peace and harmony in the violent and disturbing decades of the new Republic. Wu represented a Chinese humanist school of thought that desired some form of meaningful synthesis and integration between Chinese culture and western modernity for the salvation and reconstruction of their country. Though his political hopes were shattered by the war, he found inspiration through an encounter with Thérèse of Lisieux, who showed him the possibility of peace and reconciliation between East and West, between tradition and modernity, and between Chinese and Christian religions.
Conventionalism about Property and the Outsider Challenge
Authors: Salomon Aaron 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Conventionalism about property is the view that all moral duties correlative to property rights depend essentially either on the existence of a convention that assigns conventional ownership of objects, or on the existence of a body of positive law that confers legal property rights. It has been objected that, if Conventionalism about property is true, then it is impossible for someone to have her property right violated by someone who is not a member of the community in which her conventional property right is assigned. But it is possible. When Christopher Columbus sailed up to the island of Hispaniola in 1492, he and his sailors wronged the inhabitants by forcing them off their land. So, Conventionalism is false. This is the Outsider Challenge for Conventionalism. The Outsider Challenge (and its first premise, in particular) receives support from the Benefit Condition, according to which one can be morally obligated to comply with a conventional rule only if one benefits or has one’s interests protected by the convention of which it is a part. Despite its provenance and plausibility, however, I think that the Benefit Condition should be rejected. Doing so in a principled way allows us to square Conventionalism with our moral intuitions and, thus, address the Outsider Challenge. My main aim in this essay is to reject the Benefit Condition in one such principled way by providing a Contractualist answer to the question of when, and why, someone is morally required to respect another’s conventional property right. One is morally required to respect the conventional property rights of another when and because failing to do so would run afoul of the Principle of Established Practices (pep) – a principle for which I give a Contractualist justification. Roughly, the pep requires us to comply with sufficiently just social practices in the absence of special justification, and the fact that one’s interests are not protected by a property convention is not always a sufficiently strong reason for one to violate the duties assigned by that convention. Since the fact that one’s interests are not protected by a property convention is not necessarily a special justification for violating the pep, the pep gives us reason to reject the Benefit Condition and, thus, the Outsider Challenge, too.
A Theological Critique of the Commodification of Religious Substances in Ghanaian Pentecostal–Charismatic Christianity
Authors: Benyah Francis Ethelbert Kwabena 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article presents an empirical case study of the commodification of religious substances in a Ghanaian Pentecostal/charismatic church. The author argues that the primal goal of religion and the penchant for success and good health among Pentecostal-Charismatic Christians help in the easy commodification of religious substances by pastor-prophets. However, the commodification of religion or religious substances, the article argues, eschews godly values, beliefs, and practices that have implications for the faith and commitment of believers, their religious lives, and their commitment to the church and society.
Introduction to the issue: “On Islamist Parties and the Inclusion-Moderation Hypothesis: Lessons from the Past Decade”
Authors: Steuer Clément 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
At the beginning of the 2010s, several Arab countries seemed about to follow the model of Turkey, with an electoral victory of Islamist parties in a context of democratization. A decade later, Turkish akp has turned authoritarian, and the Moroccan and Tunisian Islamist parties have lost both access to governmental office and a large part of their electoral appeal. In this context, lessons can be learned from the early failed democratic experience in Algeria (1989–1992), and from the evolution of its Islamist movements since then.
From these four case studies, the contributors of this issue investigate the notions of moderation and inclusion, and their interrelations. Their articles build on the current trends within literature by taking into account the variety of Islamist movements, and their incorporation within different national trajectories. These articles contribute to the academic discussion by bringing new facts and ideas regarding this topic of inclusion-moderation.
A Green-Gold Scarab
Authors: Mather Mathew 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The example of a scarab beetle synchronicity is recounted by Jung in his 1951 lecture ‘On Synchronicity’ and then the following year, in 1952, it appears in his book Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle. It is also recounted in Memories, Dreams, Reflections, appears in a number of the biographies on Jung, and has had journal articles written about it. It is no understatement to say that his scarab beetle synchronicity has become iconic in Jungian studies, and even beyond. In this article I offer a fresh perspective by locating the incident, together with Jung’s broader engagement with the scarab, within his esoteric worldview oriented around alchemy, astrology and magic. I also gesture to the value of such symbols for our time, by reference to ecopsychology.
The Global Commons: Deep Sea, Outer Space and Beyond
Authors: Natarajan Usha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mining of the global commons in the deep seabed and outer space is grow-ing in technological and economic feasibility. Concurrently, we have in-creasing scientific knowledge of the environmental and social risks in-volved. Is the concept of the global commons and the related international law principle of the common heritage of humankind useful for negotiating such risks? Can this principle overcome its disciplinary legacy of strong mercantilist values and make an evolutionary turn towards greater ecologi-cal and social consciousness? To answer these questions, this reflection examines the role of the commons, corporations, and European empire in the creation of international law as well as environmental crises. It con-cludes that to overcome disciplinary legacies of imperialism and corporate greed, it would be helpful to conceive of international law as itself a global commons. Rather than Eurocentric values writ large, an international law where all cultures could participate on their own terms makes space for more sustainable and equitable legal traditions to reshape the global order.
The Right to a Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment and the Triple Planetary Crisis: Reflections for Ocean Governance
Authors: Seck Sara L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
According to the United Nations Environment Programme, the world is fac-ing a triple planetary crisis of climate change, nature loss, and pollution and waste, with grave implications for human well-being. While the triple plan-etary crisis affects both marine and terrestrial ecosystems, understanding of human rights in the ocean governance context is less well developed than that of human rights on land. This is slowly changing, even as the relation-ship between human rights and the environment more generally is being clarified in international law. On July 28, 2022, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted a resolution recognizing the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment with 161 States voting in favor and none against. This reflection will contemplate the implications of this recent development in international human rights law for ocean govern-ance at a time of triple planetary crisis. Might UNGA recognition of the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment contribute necessary tools to overcome the challenges of triple planetary crisis and ultimately help restore planetary, including ocean, health?
AUKUS: The Regulation of the Ocean and the Legal Dangers of Working Together
Authors: McKenzie Simon , Massingham Eve 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
On 16 September 2021, the leaders of Australia, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US), announced the AUKUS arrangement, a security agreement which provides a framework for nuclear-powered submarine technology to be shared by the US and the UK with Australia, as well as other forms of new military technology. This article explores the legal im-plications of this alliance and the increase in technological sharing and maritime cooperation it promises. It first provides an overview of the AUKUS arrangement, situating it within the long history of cooperation be-tween these three countries. It then considers how international law regu-lates the sharing of maritime military technology, contrasting the significant constraints on sharing nuclear technology with the minimal restrictions on sharing non-nuclear technology. Lastly, the legal implications of States working closely together on the ocean are addressed. While there might be military and strategic advantages to this close collaboration, when and how States might be complicit in the international wrongs of partner States and the challenge that can be posed by legal interoperability are explored.
Sharing is Caring: Prominent Issues and Considerations Regarding the Equitable Distribution of Deep-sea Mining Proceeds
Authors: Willaert Klaas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The status of the Area and its mineral resources as the common heritage of mankind constitutes the guiding principle of the international deep seabed regime. Although its implications and objectives are wide-ranging, one of the crucial components of this abstract concept consists of a general prem-ise to carry out activities in the Area for the benefit of mankind as a whole. This ambition can be pursued through various mechanisms, and one of the most direct ways is to share the proceeds of deep-sea mining among all States on an equitable basis. In accordance with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) is tasked with developing a suitable payment and distribution system, which takes the needs and interests of developing States into particular consideration. This article analyses the overarching rules and principles, discusses prominent issues and evaluates the available options, offering an insightful look at a complex process that will shape some of the most important aspects of the international deep seabed regime. It is clear that several problematic as-pects remain fairly underexposed and the ISA should be careful not to overlook the essential principles upon which the international regime gov-erning the Area is built.
Safer Ships and Cleaner Seas: Reducing Vessel Risks through Targeted Inspections and Recognized Organization Oversight
Authors: Brooks Mary R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article explores the lessons that might be learned from port State con-trol (PSC) inspections for flag States, examining the scholarly literature on vessel risk targeting. It begins by identifying the major classification socie-ties (and recognized organizations or ROs) before discussing the obligations and responsibilities of governments in achieving a global ‘safer ships and cleaner seas’ objective. It then presents a framework for thinking about the relationship between owner/operators, ship classification societies, flag State authorities and PSC parties in order to improve safety, discussing where gaps remain in the execution of the objective. The author draws con-clusions about where the future focus by flag States might achieve addi-tional improvements in their oversight of classification societies when they act as ROs, carrying out ship survey and certification functions on behalf of flag States. Identified challenges include improving the quality of data used in vessel risk targeting, expanding the transparency of that data for RO oversight, and focusing efforts on those flag States and ROs who do not meet their obligations.
The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 and the ILO Decent Work Agenda: A Work in Progress
Authors: Piñeiro Laura Carballo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 came to light to “secure the right of all seafarers to decent employment” as stated in Article I thereof. In line with the ILO Decent Work Agenda, the Convention is meant to contribute to four objectives: employment creation, respect for rights at work, social pro-tection and social dialogue. However, after reviewing each objective, this article contends the Convention’s success is limited because decent work deficits still remain on board ships. The governance model set out in the Convention reinforces public capacity by allocating responsibilities to flag, port and labor supplying States, involving other stakeholders in supporting public governance to ensure compliance and enforcement. However, this research shows that the problem might not be in enforcement, but in the Convention’s standards where there is much room for improvement. To this end, social dialogue is of the essence. While local collective bargaining is impaired by global competition in labor matters, the social dialogue mecha-nisms embedded in the MLC, 2006 itself still provide a way forward as long as the ILO maintains its ability to bring States, capital and labor together in order to promote decent employment in shipping.
The Status and Use of Hospital Ships in Times of Peace and War: Law of the Sea, Maritime Law and the Law of Naval Warfare
Authors: von Heinegg Wolff Heintschel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hospital ships are vessels that are designed or equipped and primarily used to provide medical and surgical treatment and nursing care for sick or in-jured people at sea. Under the law of the sea and maritime law, such ves-sels are not dealt with separately. Therefore, their status and the respective rules applicable to them depend on the entities operating them. If operated by the armed forces of a State for exclusively government non-commercial purposes they qualify as warships or, if they are under the command of a civilian master, other State ships (“auxiliaries”) that enjoy sovereign im-munity in all sea areas, including the internal waters of another State. If operated by private entities or individuals, they qualify as merchant vessels. The law of naval warfare distinguishes between military hospital ships op-erated by the parties to the conflict and private hospital ships. The latter may be operated by national Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies, officially recognized relief societies, or private persons either of the parties to an in-ternational armed conflict or of a neutral State. The protection of all hospital ships under the 1949 Geneva Convention II is subject to comparatively strict conditions, some of which may have become obsolete in light of contempo-rary technologies and novel threats.