bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial design improves efficiency and scalability of seed‐based seagrass restoration
Authors: Gräfnings Max L. E. , Heusinkveld Jannes H. T. , Hijner Nadia , Hoeijmakers Dieuwke J. J. , Smeele Quirin , Zwarts Maarten , van der Heide Tjisse , Govers Laura L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Coastal ecosystem restoration is often ineffective and expensive in practice. As a consequence, upscaling restoration efforts to functionally relevant spatial scales remains one of the largest hurdles for coastal restoration practice. On small scales, restoration success of vegetated ecosystems (i.e. salt marshes and seagrasses) can be amplified by spatial designs that harness positive interactions. However, it remains unknown if positive interactions can be harnessed with seed‐based approaches, that are considered to be more cost‐effective and scalable than traditional shoot‐based restoration methods.

Here, we investigated with a full‐factorial seeding experiment if (1) restoration scale (4, 40 and 400 m2) and (2) seeding density (10 and 50 injections/m2) affected multi‐year recruitment efficiency (measured as restored plants/seed injection) of annual eelgrass Zostera marina in the Dutch Wadden Sea.

We found that the largest restoration scale (400 m2) increased second‐generation recruitment efficiency by suppressing a sedimentation‐related negative feedback. With increased restoration scale, the inner parts of the restoration plots captured less sediment, which decreased the desiccation stress of the restored eelgrass during low tide. Due to this stress alleviation, plants grew larger and produced more seed‐bearing spathes, which the following year resulted in two and three times higher recruitment efficiency at the largest restoration scale compared to the smaller scales. Moreover, lower seeding density more than doubled second‐generation recruitment efficiency compared to the higher density, supporting recent work showing that the effectiveness of ‘clumped’ spatial designs is context dependent.

Synthesis and applications. The efficiency of restoration efforts is seldom taken into account, but can offer restoration projects a valuable metric with which workload, donor material and cost‐requirements can be reduced. We demonstrate that simple modifications to seed‐based coastal restoration designs (e.g. scale and density) can have a substantial impact on recruitment efficiency and multi‐year restoration yields. Thus, optimised restoration designs can strongly contribute to the upscaling potential of coastal ecosystem restoration. However, optimal restoration designs are expected to be strongly context dependent and we therefore argue that investigating optimal designs should be adopted as common practice, providing a crucial steppingstone between ‘proof‐of‐concepts’ and true large‐scale restoration attempts (km2).
Toward maintaining canine training aid integrity: Visualizing contamination and testing storage materials for a non‐hazardous canine training aid
Authors: Gauthier Quentin T. , Riley Paige , Simon Alison G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContamination of canine training aids is a pervasive issue that may lead to incorrect canine discrimination of target odors. It is therefore important to properly store training materials to maintain their integrity and efficiency. First, this study demonstrated the potential for contamination using GloGerm™ as a proxy for odor/particulate transfer. Then, eight types of containers were evaluated to determine (1) the ability to prevent odor permeation and (2) the likelihood of maintaining the ab/adsorbed odor. Lastly, a longitudinal study evaluated how the permeation of the target odor changed over time. Analysis occurred using a direct analysis in real‐time mass spectrometer (DART‐MS) to detect triacetone triperoxide (TATP) from the non‐hazardous canine training aid known as the polymer odor capture‐and‐release (POCR) system. Results showed that Mylar and Opsak bags were most effective for short‐term storage, maintaining low levels of ab/adsorption. Over time, the amount of TATP permeating through the primary containers and collecting in a secondary container (i.e., outer packaging) increased at 1 week and decreased thereafter (up to 4 months). The amount of TATP collecting in the primary containers, however, increased up to 1 month and decreased thereafter.
Intentional overdose of glargine insulin: Determination of the parent compound in postmortem blood by LC‐HRMS
Authors: Arbouche Nadia , Walch Alexis , Raul Jean‐Sébastien , Kintz Pascal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInsulin glargine is a long‐acting insulin analog that is converted after enzymatic cleavage of the arginine pair of the β‐chain into its main metabolite M1 (21A‐Gly‐insulin), which is responsible for the hypoglycemic activity. In all the overdose cases described in the literature, only M1 concentrations have been reported, whereas insulin glargine was always absent or below the limit of quantitation. In this study, we present a case of suicide of a young nurse by injection of insulin glargine in which the parent molecule was found at a toxic concentration in blood. The determination and the discrimination of insulin glargine from human insulin and other synthetic analogs in the blood specimen were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry (Waters XEVO G2‐XS QToF) and extraction after precipitation in the presence of bovine insulin (internal standard), with a mixture of acetonitrile/methanol +1% formic acid followed by purification on solid phase extraction cartridges C18. Glargine insulin tested highly positive in the blood with a concentration of 1.06 mg/L. Due to the difficulty in obtaining a M1 pure standard, the metabolite could not be dosed. This unique presence of the parent molecule, reported for the first time, can be explained by inter‐individual variability in the rate of conversion to metabolite. Intravenous injection versus subcutaneous injection can also explain the presence of insulin glargine. Finally, the dose injected may have been so high that saturation of the proteolytic enzymes responsible for conversion to M1 should have occurred.
Multiple micromeningiomas coexist with primary lung adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Chen Jindong , You Ling , Dong Jingsi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCases of multiple ectopic meningiomas in the lung coexisting with pulmonary malignancies are extremely rare in the clinic. On imaging, it is difficult to distinguish multiple ectopic meningiomas from lung cancer, which puts forward higher requirements for treatment. A 65‐year‐old female patient was admitted to our department for multiple nodules in both lungs. The patient underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection and segmental resection. Postoperative pathological examination found lung meningioma, atypical adenomatoid hyperplasia (AAH), carcinoma in situ (AIS), invasive adenocarcinoma, and other pathological types. In this case, pulmonary meningioma, AAH, AIS, and invasive adenocarcinoma of various pulmonary nodules were observed. This case, which has not been reported before, is unique in that it has multiple pathologic types in one organ. This puts forward higher requirements for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
The ternary diagram of functional diversity
Authors: Ricotta Carlo , Podani János , Schmera Dénes , Bacaro Giovanni , Maccherini Simona , Pavoine Sandrine 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Among the many diversity indices in the ecologist toolbox, measures that can be partitioned into additive terms are particularly useful as the different components can be related to different ecological processes shaping community structure.

In this paper, an additive diversity decomposition is proposed to partition the diversity structure of a given community into three complementary fractions: functional diversity, functional redundancy and species dominance. These three components sum up to one. Therefore, they can be used to portray the community structure in a ternary diagram.

Since the identification of community‐level patterns is an essential step to investigate the main drivers of species coexistence, the ternary diagram of functional diversity can be used to relate different facets of diversity to community assembly processes more exhaustively than looking only at one index at a time.

The value of the proposed diversity decomposition is demonstrated by the analysis of actual abundance data on plant assemblages sampled in grazed and ungrazed grasslands in Tuscany (Central Italy).
Modeling Theories of Women's Underrepresentation in Elections
Authors: Ashworth Scott , Berry Christopher R. , Bueno de Mesquita Ethan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch on women candidates in American elections uncovers four key facts: Women (i) are underrepresented among candidates, (ii) are underrepresented among office holders, (iii) perform better in office, and (iv) win open seats at equal rates to men. Scholars offer two types of explanations: Women are less willing to run than men, due to differential costs or a gap in self‐perceived qualification, or voters discriminate at the ballot box. We formally model these mechanisms. Lower willingness to run predicts the first three facts but not the fourth. Voter discrimination at the ballot box predicts the first three facts and creates competing effects with respect to the fourth. Thus, the major stylized facts cannot be explained without voter discrimination, whether overt or more subtle. We explore whether a close‐election regression discontinuity distinguishes the mechanisms; surprisingly, it does not.
Magnetic blood purification‐based soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 removal in comparison with dextran sulfate apheresis and therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Rduch Thomas , Arn Norbert , Kinkel Janis , Fischer Tina , Binet Isabelle , Hornung René , Herrmann Inge K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreeclampsia remains one of the most serious complications of pregnancy. Effective therapies are yet to be developed. Recent research has identified an imbalance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors as a root cause of preeclampsia. In particular, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) has been shown to bind the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF), reducing blood vessel growth. Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that removal of the sFlt‐1 protein may benefit patients with early onset preeclampsia. sFlt‐1 may be removed by conventional blood purification techniques, such as therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and dextran sulfate apheresis (DSA), or emerging technologies, including extracorporeal magnetic blood purification (MBP).MethodsWe compare the performance and selectivity of TPE, DSA, and MBP for the therapeutic removal of sFlt‐1. For MPB, we employ magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with either sFlt‐1 antibodies or the sFlt‐1‐binding partner, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).ResultsWe demonstrate that sFlt‐1 removal by MBP is feasible and significantly more selective than TPE and DSA at comparable sFlt‐1 removal efficiencies (MBP 96%, TPE 92%, DSA 78%). During both TPE and DSA, complement factors (incl. C3c and C4) are depleted to a considerable extent (−90% for TPE, −55% for DSA), while in MBP, complement factor concentrations remain unaltered. We further demonstrate that the removal efficacy of sFlt‐1 in the MBP approach is strongly dependent on the nanoparticle type and dose and can be optimized to reach clinically feasible throughputs.ConclusionsTaken together, the highly selective removal of sFlt‐1 and potential other disease‐causing factors by extracorporeal magnetic blood purification may offer new prospects for preeclamptic patients.
Pedagogical features of interactive apps for effective learning of foundational skills
Authors: Huntington Bethany , Goulding James , Pitchford Nicola J. 
Published: March 2023

Interactive apps are commonly used to support the acquisition of foundational skills. Yet little is known about how pedagogical features of such apps affect learning outcomes, attainment and motivation—particularly when deployed in lower‐income contexts, where educational gains are most needed. In this study, we analyse which app features are most effective in supporting the acquisition of foundational literacy and numeracy skills. We compare five apps developed for the Global Learning XPRIZE and deployed to 2041 out‐of‐school children in 172 remote Tanzanian villages. A total of 41 non‐expert participants each provided 165 comparative judgements of the five apps from the competition, across 15 pedagogical features. Analysis and modelling of these 6765 comparisons indicate that the apps created by the joint winners of the XPRIZE, who produced the greatest learning outcomes over the 15‐month field trial, shared six pedagogical features—autonomous learning, motor skills, task structure, engagement, language demand and personalisation. Results demonstrate that this combination of features is effective at supporting learning of foundational skills and has a positive impact on educational outcomes. To maximise learning potential in environments with both limited resources and deployment opportunities, developers should focus attention on this combination of features, especially for out‐of‐school children in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Interactive apps are becoming common to support foundational learning for children both in and out of school settings.
The Global Learning XPRIZE competition demonstrates that learning apps can facilitate learning improvements in out‐of‐school children living in sub‐Saharan Africa.
To understand which app features are most important in supporting learning in these contexts, we need to establish which pedagogical features were shared by the winning apps.
What this paper adds

Effective learning of foundational skills can be achieved with a range of pedagogical features.
To maximise learning, apps should focus on combining elements of autonomous learning, motor skills, task structure, engagement, language demand and personalisation.
Free Play is not a key pedagogical feature to facilitate learning within this context.
Implications for practice and/or policy

When developing learning apps with primary‐aged, out‐of‐school children in low‐income contexts, app developers should try to incorporate the six key features associated with improving learning outcomes.
Governments, school leaders and parents should use these findings to inform their decisions when choosing an appropriate learning app for children.
COVID‐19 and splenectomy: Education matters
Authors: Crickx Etienne 
Published: March 2023

Whether COVID‐19‐related morbidity and mortality are increased in splenectomized patients is unknown. The study by Bianchi et al. suggests increased hospitalizations and mortality rates in splenectomized patients, despite observing similar infection rates when compared to the general population.Commentary on: Bianchi et al. Burden of COVID19 disease and vaccine coverages in Apulian splenectomized patients. A retrospective observational study. Br J Haematol 2023;201:1072–1080.
Impacts of anthropogenic climate change on tropical montane forests: an appraisal of the evidence
Authors: Mata‐Guel Erik O. , Soh Malcolm C. K. , Butler Connor W. , Morris Rebecca J. , Razgour Orly , Peh Kelvin S.‐H. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTIn spite of their small global area and restricted distributions, tropical montane forests (TMFs) are biodiversity hotspots and important ecosystem services providers, but are also highly vulnerable to climate change. To protect and preserve these ecosystems better, it is crucial to inform the design and implementation of conservation policies with the best available scientific evidence, and to identify knowledge gaps and future research needs. We conducted a systematic review and an appraisal of evidence quality to assess the impacts of climate change on TMFs. We identified several skews and shortcomings. Experimental study designs with controls and long‐term (≥10 years) data sets provide the most reliable evidence, but were rare and gave an incomplete understanding of climate change impacts on TMFs. Most studies were based on predictive modelling approaches, short‐term (<10 years) and cross‐sectional study designs. Although these methods provide moderate to circumstantial evidence, they can advance our understanding on climate change effects. Current evidence suggests that increasing temperatures and rising cloud levels have caused distributional shifts (mainly upslope) of montane biota, leading to alterations in biodiversity and ecological functions. Neotropical TMFs were the best studied, thus the knowledge derived there can serve as a proxy for climate change responses in under‐studied regions elsewhere. Most studies focused on vascular plants, birds, amphibians and insects, with other taxonomic groups poorly represented. Most ecological studies were conducted at species or community levels, with a marked paucity of genetic studies, limiting understanding of the adaptive capacity of TMF biota. We thus highlight the long‐term need to widen the methodological, thematic and geographical scope of studies on TMFs under climate change to address these uncertainties. In the short term, however, in‐depth research in well‐studied regions and advances in computer modelling approaches offer the most reliable sources of information for expeditious conservation action for these threatened forests.
Globalization, recruitments, and job mobility
Authors: Davidson Carl , Heyman Fredrik , Matusz Steven , Sjöholm Fredrik , Zhu Susan Chun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious research indicates that firms pay a premium to poach workers from exporting firms if experience working for an internationally engaged firm reduces trade costs. Because international experience is less valuable to non‐exporters, we would expect to see differences in recruitments between firms that are internationally engaged and those that serve only the domestic market. Moreover, increased openness might lead to higher job‐to‐job mobility if more globalization raises both the share of exporters and the number of workers with skills that make them attractive for other exporters. Using linked Swedish employer–employee data for the period 1997 to 2013, we find systematic differences between the way exporters and non‐exporters recruit workers: exporters have a relatively high share of recruitments from other exporters as hypothesized. We also find some suggestive evidence that increased openness correlates positively with upward mobility for occupations that play a major role in international commerce, such as professionals and managers.
Implant rehabilitation of the esthetic area: A five‐year retrospective study comparing conventional and fully guided surgery
Authors: Amorfini Leonardo , Pesce Paolo , Migliorati Marco , Drago Sara , Storelli Stefano , Romeo Eugenio , Menini Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionTo compare the clinical outcomes of anterior single maxillary implants placed using conventional or guided implant surgery.MethodsIn this retrospective clinical study 44 patients rehabilitated with a single anterior implant in the maxillary arch were included. Twenty‐four implants were inserted applying a guided surgery approach (GS), and 20 applying a conventional freehand approach (CS). Outcome measures were: implant survival rate and complications; mean bone level (MBL) evaluated at surgery (T0), after 6 weeks (6 W), and after 1 year (1Y), 2 years (2Y), 3 years (3Y), 4 years (4Y), and 5 years (5Y); patients' satisfaction evaluated through a questionnaire filled out before surgery (BS) and at 1 week, 6 W, 2Y and 5Y; Pink esthetic score (PES) and white esthetic score (WES) evaluated at 1Y, 3Y and 5 Y. Significance of differences between groups were tested by Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon's signed rank test.ResultsDuring the 5‐year follow‐up there were no drop‐outs and no implant failed. No significant differences between groups were found in MBL. A significant difference between groups was found in VAS scores regarding speech at 2 years, aesthetics at 6 weeks, confidence at 1 week and 6 weeks, satisfaction at T0 and at 1 W, pain/comfort at 1 W and at 6 W; all VAS scores resulted significantly improved compared to baseline. No significant differences in WES were found, while significant differences in PES scores between CS and GS groups were found at 3 and 5 years (p value = 0.023 and 0.004 respectively) with better outcomes for GS. A significant difference over time was found in PES between 5‐year and one‐year values.ConclusionsGuided surgery and conventional surgery implants did not show any difference in MBL during the 5‐year observation period. Guided surgical procedure guarantee optimal esthetic outcome and seems able to guarantee better soft tissue result over time, even though more long‐term studies are necessary to confirm this data.
Exposure to media with alcohol‐related content across young adulthood: Associations with risky drinking and consequences among high‐risk 2‐ and 4‐year college students
Authors: Graupensperger Scott , Calhoun Brian H. , Fairlie Anne M. , Lee Christine M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionExposure to media with alcohol‐related content is a known risk for alcohol use and related harms among young people. The present study used longitudinal self‐report data on exposure to media with alcohol‐related content to examine age trajectories across young adulthood and to estimate associations with heavy episodic drinking (HED) and negative consequences.MethodParticipants were 201 high‐risk young adults enrolled in 2‐ and 4‐year colleges (ages 18–25 at screening; 63.7% female). Repeated assessments occurred at four timepoints across a 12‐month period.ResultsSelf‐reported exposure to both positively and negatively portrayed alcohol‐related media content decreased with age. Between‐persons, controlling for alcohol use frequency, exposure to positive alcohol‐related media content was positively associated with HED, and exposure to negative alcohol‐related media content was inversely associated with HED; no within‐person effects on HED were significant. For negative consequences, controlling for alcohol quantity, exposure to positive media content was associated with more negative consequences both between‐ and within‐persons. Unexpectedly, exposure to negatively portrayed media content was positively associated with negative consequences at the within‐person level.Discussion and ConclusionsTrajectories in exposure to media with alcohol‐related content showed that relatively younger participants reported greater exposure, highlighting the need for policy and prevention efforts to protect this vulnerable demographic. Findings generally indicated that positive portrayals of alcohol use increase alcohol‐related risks. Moreover, increased exposure to negative portrayals in a given assessment was associated with more negative consequences—potentially by normalising or glorifying high‐risk drinking and consequences, though mechanistic/causal research is needed.