bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To analyse the mitotic and keratinisation correlation with bcl-2 expression in varying grades of oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pathak Aparna , Shetty Devi Charan , Dhanapal Raghu , Kaur Geetpriya 
Published: April 2023

Context:
The bcl-2 proto-oncogene was discovered at the chromosomal breakpoint of t (14;18) found in follicular lymphoma. Histological changes in dysplasia are considered the earliest signs preceding the progression into squamous cell carcinoma. Serving as critical regulators of apoptotic pathways, bcl-2 prohibits programmed cell death and subsequently assists in uncontrolled neoplastic growth.

Settings and Design:
This study included 48 cases, eight each of epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining using bcl-2 antibody was performed and different histological parameters were correlated with bcl-2 positive cells in all the cases.

Materials and Methods:
All 3 μm thick sections were stained with bcl-2 antibody. After identifying four representative fields at 40x, their images were obtained for assessment of bcl-2 labelled cells and their intensity along with different histological parameters in all the cases.

Statistical Analysis:
The differences between different histological parameters were analysed using the Anova test, post hoc test and Bonferroni test. Pearson's Chi-square test was carried out to determine the level of correlation between the bcl-2 positive cells in both epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma cases.

Conclusion:
Sequential increase in the bcl-2 expression was observed in increasing grades of epithelial dysplasia, whereas bcl-2 expression was significantly decreased in ascending stages of squamous cell carcinoma thus, suggesting a possible role of bcl-2 in disease progression from premalignancy to malignancy.
Role of S100 A7 as a diagnostic biomarker in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer
Authors: Sood Anubhuti , Mishra Deepika , Kharbanda Om Prakash , Chauhan Shyam S , Gupta Siddharth Datta , Deo Suryanarayana S V , Yadav Rahul , Ralhan Ranju , Kumawat Ramniwas , Kaur Harpreet 
Published: April 2023

Background:
S100 proteins have been implicated in the tumorigenesis of different human cancers and in oral dysplasia, as they are keratinocytes.

Materials and Methods:
In the present study, we have attempted to compare the expression of S100-A7 within young-onset (age ≤45 years, Group 1) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), OSCC in older age groups (age >45 years Group 2), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs, Group 3) and inflammatory lesions (Group 4). The tissue sections were scored based on the percentage of immunostained cells and staining intensity. Nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane immunoreactivity were also scored.

Results:
The present study comprised 153 histopathologically diagnosed case subjects of OSCC >45 years (n = 41), OSCC <45 years (n = 36), OPMD (n = 40) and inflammatory lesions (n = 36). The present study revealed a statistically significant difference of distribution with regard to S100A7 staining (cytoplasmic and nuclear) between OPMDs and OSCC (P < 0.05). The nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane staining as well as the staining intensity had significantly different scoring patterns among the OSCC group, OPMD group and the inflammatory lesions with the OSCC group having the highest scoring of the S100A7 staining (irrespective of the age).

Conclusions:
The present study concludes that S100A7 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to differentiate between OPMDs and OSCC lesions. However, the marker is unable to distinguish between OSCCs in younger and older patients as the molecular pathogenesis of tumors in either of these age groups is probably similar.
Knowledge, attitude and preparedness to combat COVID-19 infection among dental professionals
Authors: Meenakshi S , Aradya Anupama , Sreeshyla H. S. , Ranganatha Narahari , Thammaiah Smitha 
Published: April 2023

Background:
In the COVID-19 age, attempts are being made to raise student awareness and improve best practices to contain the outbreak.

Methodology:
The target population was interns and 3rdyear undergraduate students from JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysuru. COVID-19 knowledge, awareness and attitude of the students and interns and the preparedness to tackle the current COVID 19 pandemic were assessed.

Results:
120 respondents responded via a contented validated self-administered questionnaire with regard to knowledge, attitude and practices and preparedness to address the COVID 19 pandemic by undergraduates and interns. The student participants irrespective of their years into practice were aware of the guidelines being issued by Health care authorities and to address the COVID 19 pandemic. Among the respondents, 57.5% were 3rd year dental students and 42.5% were interns. Regarding knowledge about COVID infection, 42.9% (3rd year students) and 57.1% of the interns were aware of the recent developments, 34.1% of the III year students were aware of the safe distance to be maintained between patients, 42.4% of the students and 57.6% of interns were aware of the authority to be contacted with suspected COVID 19 infections. The participants were also aware of the vaccine trial which was conducted. Most of the respondents (64.3% of the students and 78.6% of the interns) were aware of fumigation in clinical or high-contact areas on a daily basis and biweekly in nonclinical areas.

Conclusions:
The results suggest a strong need to encourage the current training program among students in health care-related fields.
Emerging insights of NK cells immunosurveillance in histomorphologic prognostic indicators of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Sanjana , Shetty Devi Charan , Juneja Saurabh , Gulati Nikita , Jain Anshi 
Published: April 2023

Background:
IFN-gamma and natural killer (NK) cells have been considered the most effective cells in the combat of cancer, contributing to better prognosis and longer survival. The aim of the study was to analyze and correlate the CD 57 immunopositive NK cell-mediated Interferon-γ pathway in regulating immune mechanisms in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Materials and Methodology:
The study sample was composed of a total of 40 cases of histopathologically confirmed cases of Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Clinical data such as age, gender, habit history, signs and symptoms, and TNM staging were obtained for each case. The biopsy specimens of the cases obtained were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed and embedded in paraffin wax. 3-4 μ thick sections were taken for hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry procedure. A saliva sample was collected from each patient and stored at 20 degree Celsius for estimation of salivary interferon-gamma levels using the sandwich ELISA technique.

Results:
CD 57 NK cells quantitative assessment was significantly associated with tumor budding, cell nest size, the pattern of invasion, lymphocytic host response, NK cell morphology, Depth of invasion, and Tumor thickness. The ratio of CD 57 immunopositive NK cells to salivary IFN-γ levels showed a significant association with histopathological grades, tumor size, and lymph node status.

Conclusion:
Adoptive cellular transfer therapy with NK cells has been advocated in both experimental models and clinical trials in treating hematopoietic malignancies. The strategy is based on reviving the patient innate immune surveillance and control of tumor invasion by the infusion of activated NK cells. The IFN-gamma and NK cell infiltration in oral squamous cell carcinoma might show a distinctive tumor microenvironment with a favorable local cytotoxic immune response against neoplastic cells.
Age estimation by Drusini's method and Jeon's method in Indian population – A comparative assessment
Authors: Dharwadkar Pranjal Milind , Waingade Manjushri , Patankar Swapna Amod , Patankar Amod , Godse Adwait Madhav , Nagrale Prajakta 
Published: April 2023

Context:
There has been extensive focus on forensic odontology with an increase in the research for age estimation procedures. Teeth are biological markers for human age estimation. In adults, age estimation with a tooth has to be done by the analysis of cementum annulations, root transparency and determination of aspartic acid racemization. Various age estimation methods are known in literature; however, the reliability and relevance of these methods for the Indian population have seldom been studied.

Aim:
To assess and compare age estimation by Drusini's method and Jeon's method and correlate chronological age and age estimation by both the methods in Indian Adults.

Objective:
Comparative assessment of Drusini's method and Jeon's method for age estimation within Indian adults.

Subjects and Methods:
Two hundred intraoral periapical radiovisuographs of the patients aged 20–69 years with optimum diagnostic quality radiographic images of permanent mandibular first molars were selected from the digital archive of the Department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology from the dental college. Measurements were done using Drusini's and Jeon's methods and compared with the chronological age. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Analysis of variance followed by Tukey's Post hoc test, t-test.

Results:
Mean chronological age, estimated using Jeon's method and estimated by Drusini's method, was 30.77 ± 9.32, 29.790 ± 7.729 and 27.885 ± 8.190, respectively. This difference was statistically highly significant, whereas Jeon's method showed a strong positive correlation between chronological age and age.

Conclusions:
The study concludes that Jeon's method is more accurate than Drusini's in the Indian population.
Mandibular ramus- An indicator for gender determination
Authors: Ingaleshwar Pramod , Bhosale Satish , Nimbulkar Gargi , Britto Frankantony , Chandrappa Pramod R. , Hosur Mahadevi B. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
In medico-legal investigations identification of skeletal remains is of utmost importance. The skeletal remains most commonly investigated are pelvic and skull bones with the mandible an important element to analyze sexual dimorphism. Mandibular ramus can differentiate between the two genders as the stages of mandibular development, growth rates, and duration are different in both genders. Metric analysis on the radiographs is found to be of higher values when skeletal sex determination is considered.

Aims and Objectives:
1) To compare and evaluate the various measurements of the mandibular ramus on digital OPG's. 2) To assess the usefulness of mandibular ramus as an aid in gender determination in the Bagalkot population.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on 80 patients (40 males & 40 females) using Kodak 8000 C digital panoramic radiographs of the Bagalkot population with ages ranging from 18 to 58 years. Five parameters namely coronoid ramus height, condyle ramus height, condyle coronoid breadth, maximum ramus breadth, and minimum ramus breadth were taken into consideration, the values were measured and data were analyzed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.

Results:
In the present study, all the measurements of the mandibular ramus on digital panoramic radiographs showed a statistically significant difference between both the genders except for minimum ramus breadth which was found to be insignificant.

Conclusion:
Discriminant analysis of mandibular ramus using panoramic radiography can be used as an effective tool in gender determination and can be used as an aid in forensic sciences.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder in the Saudi Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Aljadani Ahmed Hamed , Alshammari Tahani Salem , Sadaqir Rawan Ibrahim , Alrashede Naif Osaywid Eid , Aldajani Bushra Mubarak , Almehmadi Samiah Ahmed , Altuhayni Abdullah Saleh , Abouzed Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
To determine the prevalence and risk factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
Observational studies (case–control, cohort, and cross-sectional) that reported the prevalence and risk factors of ADHD among Saudis and were published in English were included. In March 2022, a computerized search was conducted on Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus using keywords associated with ADHD and Saudi Arabia. Two-stage screening and data extraction were performed. The National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional studies was used for the quality assessment. A random-effects model was used to estimate the prevalence. The Comprehensive Meta-analysis program was used for the analysis.

Results:
Fourteen studies (N = 455,334 patients) were included. The pooled prevalence of ADHD in the Saudi population was 12.4% (95% CI: 5.4%–26%). For ADHD-Inattentive and ADHD-Hyperactive presentations, the prevalence was 2.9% (95% CI: 0.3%–23.3%) and 2.5% (95% CI: 0.2%–20.5%), respectively. Regarding the combined AD and HD, the prevalence was 2.5% (95% CI: 0.2%–20.5%). Children of women with psychological disorders during pregnancy (P = 0.043), insufficient vitamin B during pregnancy (P = 0.006), allergic reactions (P = 0.032), and disabling symptoms of muscle pain during pregnancy (P = 0.045) were associated with an increased risk of ADHD.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of ADHD in the Saudi population is comparable with that in other countries from the Middle East and North Africa region. Careful monitoring of pregnant women, attention to nutritional sufficiency, psychological and emotional support, and avoidance of stressful events may lead to reducing the incidence of ADHD in the offspring.

Funding:
None.

Registration:
PROSPERO (Ref no.: CRD42023390040).
Feasibility of North Tangerang Toll Road Construction
Authors: Yafril Yafril , Priyambodho Bambang 
Published: April 2023

In order for an investment to be efficient, an economic and financial feasibility study is needed so that all parties involved, the government, banks as lenders and investors (Toll Road Business Entities) understand the risks that will occur. An economic study is needed to know the magnitude of the benefits of this project for the surrounding community, while a financial study is needed to find out whether this project is feasible to build in economic or finance. This thesis will examine the economic and financial feasibility analysis of this toll road project, from existing secondary data, the feasibility study is calculated using the criteria of IRR (Internal Rate of Return), NPV (Net Present Value), B/C ratio and PP (Payback Period). Feasibility calculation will be greatly influenced by several variables, for sensitivity and risk analysis on investment feasibility the variables that are taken into account are initial construction costs, traffic volume and loan interest.
From the results of the economic feasibility analysis, it was obtained that EIRR = 17.87% > 6.75 % ID Govt. Yield 10 yr-2021, NPV (MARR 6.75%) = Rp.27,874,162 (million) and B/C ratio = 5.46 > 1, while financial feasibility is obtained FIRR = 13.63% > MARR 10%, NPV = Rp. 3,594,555. (millions), B/C ratio = 1.58 > 1, Payback Period = 7.92 and Total operational loans = Rp. 5,298,231 (million) for 11 years. The variables that greatly influence the IRR are the variable initial construction costs of -72.3%, then traffic volume of 48.5% and loan interest -15.5%.
Based on the results of the study and analysis, it can be said that the North Tangerang toll road project is economically feasible and financially feasible, however, in its implementation, it is necessary to control the cost and time plans as well as the quality of implementation, so that the feasibility calculation will not change much from what has been planned.
SOSIALISASI MEMBANGUN KOPERASI DALAM MENDUKUNG PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DESA PURBA DOLOK SANGGUL KABUPATEN HUMBANG HASUNDUTAN
Authors: Panggabean Donna Maryati , Siallagan Dahlia Nopelina , Siregar Hotlin , Bukit Niarita 
Published: April 2023

This community service is carried out with the topic of building cooperatives in supporting the economy of rural communities. Dolok Purba Village has a very potential area in the agricultural sector. The village of Purba Dolok also has a cooperative that is able to accommodate agricultural products from the village community and act as a facilitator for agricultural needs. However, the cooperative's activities have not been going well because the processing system is not optimal. For this reason, the presenters were very interested in doing community service on the topic "Building cooperatives in the cloudy economy of the people of the ancient village of Dolok Sanggul, Humbang Hasundutan Regency", with the aim that the community is aware of the importance of cooperatives for the economy of the people in the village. The speakers and the team presented material topics about the meaning of cooperatives, types of cooperatives, procedures for forming cooperatives and then motivated the community that cooperatives are very helpful in improving people's welfare. The methods used in the implementation of this community service are Observation, Interview and Discussion. The lecture method is through delivering presentations by displaying pictures, videos and displays that are attractive and easy to understand so that they can attract the attention of participants so that they are active in discussions. This community service is carried out with socialization and ends with a question and answer system regarding the material presented and the implementation that took place in the community of the Purba Dolok Sanggul village. Before starting the socialization, the presenters asked the participants about their jobs, whether they had become members of the cooperative. It turned out that there were some participants who did not know about cooperatives, the benefits of cooperatives, and had not become members of cooperatives and did not know how to become members of cooperatives. By holding this counseling, it is hoped that the ancient village community will understand more about what cooperatives are, the role of cooperatives and are willing to become cooperative members so that the development of cooperatives in the ancient village of Dolok Sanggul becomes even more advanced.
Floristic diversity of Lawder District, Abyan Governorate, Yemen
Authors: Masdoos Zamila Mohammed , Hussein Mohammed Abdullah , Al–Gifri Abdul-Nasser 
Published: April 2023

The present study provides a detailed depiction of the floristic composition of Lawder District which located in the Centre of Abyan between longitudinal range 45º 20¯ to 45º 50¯ E and latitudinal range 13º 00¯ to 14º 00¯ N, with and altitudinal range of 1000 masl to 2500masl. This work was carried out to identify the floristic composition in Lawder District. The floristic study of Lawder District indicated the presence of 243 species belonging to 154 genera and 58 families. The major families based on the number of species were Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Capparaceae and Boraginaceous, The biological spectrum explains that Chamephytes (35.80%), were the dominant, followed by Therophytes (25.52%, Hemicryptophytes (20.16%), Phanerophytes (14.40 %), Geophytes (2.06%), parasite (1.65 %), and Epiphytes (0.41`%). The dominance of Chamaephytes and Therophytes reveals a thero-chamaephytic phytoclimate for the investigated area.The number of species was higher in the Herbs, which was represented by 52.27% of species, followed by the Shrubs 30.45%, Trees were represented by 13.17%, Lianas were represented by 2.90% and Parasite 1.23%.
Analysis of nursing problems in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Vičkačkaitė Eglė , Mikaliūkštienė Aldona , Surgunt Natalja 
Published: April 2023

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an artificial circulatory technique that maintains vital lung and/or heart function during critical conditions. ECMO is considered a complex clinical activity requiring critical decisions and rapid medical response, especially in emergency situations. Anaesthesia and critical care nurses face many challenges in their work, and patients with critical medical conditions are particularly stressful. The nursing process becomes even more complex when the patient is on ECMO. The aim of this study was to analyse from a theoretical perspective the nursing characteristics and problems in the care of patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
The research method was a review of scientific articles using the following key words: anaesthesia and intensive care nurses, nurses knowledge, nursing problems, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and combinations of these with the words "and" "or". PubMed, Cochrane ClinicalKey, BMJ Best Practice, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched for research articles. The literature review included open access and full-length articles published between 2016 and 2022 and written in English.
The results showed that anaesthesia and intensive care nurses need to demonstrate in-depth knowledge and skills, to be able to react quickly to meet individual patient care needs, to recognise early complications of ECMO, to ensure the patient's recovery and to improve quality of life.
The Effect Of Vitamins A, E, C On Skin Affected By Biological Age
Authors: Pierrotte Oceane , Gierasimovič Zita 
Published: April 2023

Mature skin affected by biological age is characterized by a decrease in skin turgor, the appearance of wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, prominent capillaries, and it is in need of cosmetic products. Non-invasive skin treatments with active ingredients help to restore the condition of mature skin. Retinol helps with pigment spots and improves skin elasticity. By interacting with the antioxidant L-Ascorbic acid, tocopherol protects the skin from ultraviolet rays and free radicals, prevents skin dehydration, and reduces wrinkles.
The aim of the study. To analyse the effect of active substances of vitamins A, E, C on skin affected by biological age.
Methods. The age of the study participants with mature skin affected by biological age is between the ages of 45 and 55. An adapted client card was used for the study, filled in before and at the end of the procedures. The structure of the complexion, skin type, problems, factors affecting changes in skin were assessed. Skin colour, turgor, epidermal moisture level, face skin tone, changes in skin pigmentation and wrinkles were observed and evaluated. Photo fixation was performed twice before and after the course of procedures, the data were archived and analysed. A lamp-loupe was used for visual examination of the facial skin.
Results. The effect of active substances on the skin affected by biological age is different, and a longer course of face skin treatments is needed to confirm the results. Active substances with antioxidant properties lighten the complexion and strengthen the capillary walls. The effect of other active substances is aimed at the regenerative processes of the complexion.