bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon Pools using UV-Vis Spectroscopy
Authors: Kumar Kolagani Hari , Kundu M. C. 
Published: December 2022

Soil acts as the niche of Carbon (C). Soil carbon sequestration is of paramount importance for sustaining soil health as well as mitigating global warming. Studies on soil organic C content of both surface as well as deep subsoil are very important. Besides, studies on C in rice soil, as well as non-rice upland soil of tropical India, are also of principal importance. With this background, the present experiment was undertaken to recognize qualitative characteristics of water-soluble soil C in rice soil and non-rice soil along depth using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Soil sampling was done from representative rice and non-rice soil ecologies in West Bengal from 0-20 cm, 100-120 cm and 120-140 cm soil depths. Quality and stability of C can be estimated by studying the nature of absorbance of water-soluble C in UV-visible range. Results indicated a higher absorbance of C in the subsurface than that of surface soil. Similarly, higher absorbance of C was recorded in soil collected from rice ecology compared to non-rice ecology. Irrespective of soil depth, it was noted that there was more humified as well as aromatic C in rice ecologies than that in non-rice ecologies. Thus soil of lower depth as well as rice ecologies acts as a better niche for sequestrating C in soil.
The Orlicz Inequality for Series of Multilinear Forms
Authors: Salih Salih Yousuf Mohamed , Hussein Shawgy 
Published: December 2022

The Orlicz ( \(\ell\)2,\(\ell\)1)-mixed inequality of integers and fractional dimensions who states that, with a bit of extend,

for all sequences of bilinear forms AL: \(\mathbb{K}\)n x \(\mathbb{K}\)n \(\rightarrow\) \(\mathbb{K}\) and all positive integers n, where \(\mathbb{K}\)n denotes \(\mathbb{R}\)n or \(\mathbb{C}\)n endowed with the supremum norm. For that we follow D.Núñez-Alarcón, D. Pellegrino, and D. Serrano-Rodríguez [1]] to extend this inequality to series of multilinear forms, with \(\mathbb{K}\)n endowed with \(\ell\)1+ \(\epsilon\) norms for all successive gradually of the general 0 ≤ ϵ ≤ ∞.
Recycling of Waste Plastic for the Production of Road Interlocking Paving Stone in Nigeria
Authors: Dawodu Praise Onimisi , Akindele Apata , Imoh Udeme 
Published: December 2022

As the demand for construction materials increases, the need to find alternative construction materials that are readily available and cheaper is imperative. This research attempts to explore the recycling of waste plastic as a complete replacement for the Portland cement used in the production of pavement interlocking paving stones.
Three specimens were produced, by varying the ratio of the waste plastic with the fine and coarse aggregates. The content of melted waste plastic in specimens A, B, and C was 33%, 29%, and 20% respectively. The specimens were crushed to determine their compressive strength. Specimen A having 33% melted waste plastic had the highest compressive strength of 25.7 N/mm2, For effective binding with the aggregates, the melted waste plastic should not be less than 30% of the mixture.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Healthcare Workers about Hand Hygiene
Authors: Aqeel Mehwish , Hussain Altaf , Hasan Syed Mohammad , Khan Faiza , Khan Rohail , Ali Sadaqat 
Published: December 2022

Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare workers about hand hygiene.
Study Design: A cross sectional study was used.
Place and Duration of Study: Memon Medical Institute Hospital, a tertiary care private hospital Karachi, Pakistan from November 2021 to December 2021.
Methodology: Non-random convenience sampling method was used in this study.
Results: Most participants have an acceptable level of knowledge of hand hygiene. The highest scores were in the infection control domain and the lowest scores defined the hand hygiene domain. Multivariate analysis showed that work experience and previous education were the most important predictors of participants' knowledge of hand hygiene.
Conclusion: Hand hygiene is the simplest yet effective way to stop the spread of germs/microbes non-invasive independent predictors for screening esophageal varices may reduce medical as well as financial burden, hence improving the management of cirrhotic patients. These predictors, however, need further work to validate reliability.
Mechanically Robust and Highly Conductive Ionogels for Soft Ionotronics
Authors: Zhang Manwen , Yu Ran , Tao Xinglin , He Yangyang , Li Xinpan , Tian Feng , Chen Xiangyu , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIonogels are promising materials for flexible electronics due to their continuous conductive phase, high thermal and chemical stability. However, a large amount of ionic liquid is required to get high conductivity, resulting in a sharp decline in the mechanical properties. Therefore, it is a great challenge to prepare ionogels with both high conductivity and mechanical properties, which is important for their practical applications. Herein, ionogels with high mechanical strength and stretchability, extraordinary ionic conductivity, excellent transparency, outstanding durability, and stability are fabricated with crosslinked polymer, ionic liquid, and lithium salt. The adoption of lithium salt can significantly improve both the mechanical strength and stretchability, which is a common dilemma in material science, and simultaneously, address the conflict between mechanical strength and ionic conductivity in ionogels. It is primarily corresponding to the microphase‐separation effects induced by the lithium bonds formed between lithium ions and carbonyl groups on the polymer networks. Ionotronics including resistance‐type sensors for strain and temperature sensing and triboelectric nanogenerators with stable output performance are fabricated. Moreover, ionogel‐based microcircuit and sensing arrays with high resolution and accuracy are fabricated through digital light processing printing technology. The ionogels have great promise for various ionotronics in many fields.
Modulating Charge Transport from Thermally Activated to “Band‐Like” Through Interfacial Bottom‐Up Binding Capability of Bilayer Polymer Dielectrics
Authors: Zheng Yingshuang , Lin Hongzhen , Jiang Ting , Zhu Dongyang , Qi Shengli , Li Wei , Li Liqiang , Ji Deyang , Hu Wenping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe disordered chain arrangement of polymer dielectrics has complex both internal and external effects on system performance, which generally stimulates the weak acquisition and grain boundaries of vapor‐deposited organic small molecule films (VDOSMFs) with thermally activated charge transport. As a result, achieving “band‐like” transmission of VDOSMs on polymer dielectrics is attempting to prove to be a major challenge. Three types of bi‐polymer dielectrics are developed to modulate charge transport from thermally activated mode to “band‐like” transport at the interfacial level. The bottom consisting of a polyimide layer is critical to interfacial modulation, which shows the selectively binding capability with up‐dielectric layers to realize the modulation of charge transport, as corroborated by interface characterization and density functional‐based tight‐binding calculation. The findings provide an effective strategy for modulating the charge transport through polymer dielectric engineering and also recommend a podium to further comprehend the electrical characteristics of small molecules in organic thin‐film transistors.
Piezoelectric Sensors Operating at Very High Temperatures and in Extreme Environments Made of Flexible Ultrawide‐Bandgap Single‐Crystalline AlN Thin Films
Authors: Kim Nam‐In , Yarali Miad , Moradnia Mina , Aqib Muhammad , Liao Che‐Hao , AlQatari Feras , Nong Mingtao , Li Xiaohang , Ryou Jae‐Hyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExtreme environments are often faced in energy, transportation, aerospace, and defense applications and pose a technical challenge in sensing. Piezoelectric sensor based on single‐crystalline AlN transducers is developed to address this challenge. The pressure sensor shows high sensitivities of 0.4–0.5 mV per psi up to 900 °C and output voltages from 73.3 to 143.2 mV for input gas pressure range of 50 to 200 psi at 800 °C. The sensitivity and output voltage also exhibit the dependence on temperature due to two origins. A decrease in elastic modulus (Young's modulus) of the diaphragm slightly enhances the sensitivity and the generation of free carriers degrades the voltage output beyond 800 °C, which also matches with theoretical estimation. The performance characteristics of the sensor are also compared with polycrystalline AlN and single‐crystalline GaN thin films to investigate the importance of single crystallinity on the piezoelectric effect and bandgap energy‐related free carrier generation in piezoelectric devices for high‐temperature operation. The operation of the sensor at 900 °C is amongst the highest for pressure sensors and the inherent properties of AlN including chemical and thermal stability and radiation resistance indicate this approach offers a new solution for sensing in extreme environments.
Engineering Lipid Spherulites for the Sustained Release of Highly Dosed Small Hydrophilic Compounds
Authors: Montanari Elita , Krupke Hanna , Leroux Jean‐Christophe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrently, there is a lack of parenteral sustained release formulations for the delivery of highly dosed small hydrophilic drugs. Therefore, parenteral lipid spherulites are engineered capable of entrapping large amounts of such compounds and spontaneously releasing them in a sustained fashion. A library of spherulites is prepared with a simple green process, using phosphatidylcholine (PC) and/or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), nonionic surfactants and water. The vesicle formulations exhibiting appropriate size distribution and morphology are selected and loaded with 4,6‐di‐O‐(methoxy‐diethyleneglycol)‐myo‐inositol‐1,2,3,5‐tetrakis(phosphate), ((OEG2)2‐IP4), an inositol phosphate derivative currently under clinical evaluation for the treatment of aortic valve stenosis. The loading efficiency of spherulites is up to 12.5‐fold higher than that of liposomes produced with the same materials. While the PC‐containing vesicles showed high stability, the PE spherulites gradually lost their multilayer organization upon dilution, triggering the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) release over time. In vitro experiments and pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrated the ability of PE spherulites to increase the systemic exposure of (OEG2)2‐IP4 up to 3.1‐fold after subcutaneous injection, and to completely release their payload within 3–4 d. In conclusion, PE spherulites represent a promising lipid platform for the extravascular parenteral administration of highly dosed small hydrophilic drugs.
Utilizing 4D Printing to Design Smart Gastroretentive, Esophageal, and Intravesical Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Mahmoud Dina B. , Schulz‐Siegmund Michaela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe breakthrough of 3D printing in biomedical research has paved the way for the next evolutionary step referred to as four dimensional (4D) printing. This new concept utilizes the time as the fourth dimension in addition to the x, y, and z axes with the idea to change the configuration of a printed construct with time usually in response to an external stimulus. This can be attained through the incorporation of smart materials or through a preset smart design. The 4D printed constructs may be designed to exhibit expandability, flexibility, self‐folding, self‐repair or deformability. This review focuses on 4D printed devices for gastroretentive, esophageal, and intravesical delivery. The currently unmet needs and challenges for these application sites are tried to be defined and reported on published solution concepts involving 4D printing. In addition, other promising application sites that may similarly benefit from 4D printing approaches such as tracheal and intrauterine drug delivery are proposed.
Unlocking the Full Potential of Electron‐Acceptor Molecules for Efficient and Stable Hole Injection
Authors: Oono Taku , Okada Takuya , Sasaki Tsubasa , Inagaki Kaito , Ushiku Takuma , Shimizu Takahisa , Hatakeyama Takuji , Fukagawa Hirohiko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the hole‐injection mechanism and improving the hole‐injection property are of pivotal importance in the future development of organic optoelectronic devices. Electron‐acceptor molecules with high electron affinity (EA) are widely used in electronic applications, such as hole injection and p‐doping. Although p‐doping has generally been studied in terms of matching the ionization energy (IE) of organic semiconductors with the EA of acceptor molecules, little is known about the effect of the EA of acceptor molecules on the hole‐injection property. In this work, the hole‐injection mechanism in devices is completely clarified, and a strategy to optimize the hole‐injection property of the acceptor molecule is developed. Efficient and stable hole injection is found to be possible even into materials with IEs as high as 5.8 eV by controlling the charged state of an acceptor molecule with an EA of about 5.0 eV. This excellent hole‐injection property enables direct hole injection into an emitting layer, realizing a pure blue organic light‐emitting diode with an extraordinarily low turn‐on voltage of 2.67 V, a power efficiency of 29 lm W−1, an external quantum efficiency of 28% and a Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage y coordinate of less than 0.10.
All Organic Aqueous Processable Piezo‐Phototronic Ink for Strain Modulated Photoresponse
Authors: Mishra Hari Krishna , Gill Arshdeep Kaur , Gupta Varun , Malik Pinki , Sinha Tridib Kumar , Patra Debabrata , Mandal Dipankar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanoparticles (NPs) are fabricated with the preferred electroactive δ‐phase due to the interfacial crystallization at the ternary phase system, i.e., PVDF‐DMF‐water at ambient conditions. Further, the surfaces of PVDF NPs are modified with in situ copolymerized polydopamine‐polyethylenimine (PDA‐PEI) to ensure the well dispersion of poorly dispersive PVDF NPs in water. The piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) confirms the piezo‐ and ferro‐electric capabilities of PDA‐PEI coated PVDF NPs (i.e., PVDF@f Ink) with an associated phase reversal of Δϕ ≈ 180° upon the application of a very low DC bias voltage that indicates their applicability in low power devices. Additionally, fabricated flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (f‐PNG) with PVDF@f Ink shows a promising electrical output as a mechanical energy harvester. It also promises the physiological signals detection abilities due to superior mechanoacoustic behavior. Furthermore, f‐PNG has shown excellent photo‐detection and piezo‐phototronic properties. The fast photoresponse of 0.43 s, responsivity of 24 µA W−1, and specific detectivity ≈1.4 × 1010 Jones, promises the ideal choice for the optoelectronic devices. Thus, it is expected that the PDA‐PEI coated δ‐phase comprising PVDF NPs can be utilized as a piezoelectric ink for flexible optoelectronic devices.
4D Printing of Supramolecular Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators Fueled by Light
Authors: Lugger Sean J. D. , Ceamanos Lorena , Mulder Dirk J. , Sánchez‐Somolinos Carlos , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent years have seen major advances in the additive manufacturing of stimuli‐responsive materials, also known as “4D printing,” among which liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) play an important role. However, during fabrication photo‐crosslinking of the LCEs is required, but this step is time‐consuming and efficient polymerization is challenging, especially in the case of light‐responsive materials. In this work, the first light‐fueled supramolecular LCEs suitable for the direct ink writing (DIW) of soft actuators are synthesized in which a photopolymerization step is not needed. With the responsive supramolecular material, 3D‐printed objects are fabricated by exploiting the thermoreversible interplay of the hydrogen‐bonding physical cross‐links. After printing, the supramolecular LCE shows reversible shape changes in response to light and is capable of bending and lifting a load. Through the combined photothermal and photochemical contributions of the incorporated azobenzene, the actuators can be triggered both in air and water. The freedom provided by DIW allows for the printing of complex responsive objects, as demonstrated by fabricating re‐entrant honeycomb and spiral director structures. This approach of printing light‐responsive supramolecular soft actuators opens avenues toward the application of “smart” and sustainable materials for additive manufacturing without the requirement of photo‐crosslinking.
Effects of Microwave‐Assisted Cross‐Linking on the Creep Resistance and Sensing Accuracy of a Coaxial‐Structured Fiber Strain Sensor
Authors: On Seung Yoon , Park Seong Yeon , Chung Yong Sik , Kim Seong Su 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNanocomposites have been widely studied for sensor applications because of their high design flexibility. However, the creep behavior of polymeric materials is a crucial issue of nanocomposite‐based strain sensors in terms of sensing accuracy in high‐temperature environments, which acts as a bottleneck for the use of nanocomposites in embedded type sensors for monitoring the curing reactions and structural health of composite. Herein, we suggest a microwave‐assisted cross‐linking method for enhancing the reliability of polymer‐based coaxial‐structured fiber strain sensors in high temperatures. A dry‐jet wet‐spun ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene core fiber with a microwave post‐treatment in a peroxide bath provided superior strength (2.1 GPa), modulus (69 GPa), and enhanced creep resistance (>94%). By using a creep resistance‐enhanced core fiber, coaxial‐structured fiber strain sensors, which have multi‐layer structured shell parts, could be fabricated via the simple dip‐coating method. The fabricated coaxial‐structured fiber strain sensor showed a high gauge factor (4.12 with strain range of 0%–1%), a low‐temperature sensitivity coefficient (−6.5 × 10−4), and an improved sensing accuracy (<3% error at 80 °C) in high‐temperature environments. From these results, it can be confirmed that the microwave‐assisted cross‐linking method is very promising for use in nanocomposite‐based strain sensors for various application fields.
Degradation of Lignosulfonate to Vanillic Acid Using Ferrate
Authors: Klein Jana , Kupec Robin , Stöckl Markus , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA new method is presented using electrochemically generated ferrate to degrade the technically relevant bio‐based side‐stream products, lignin and lignosulfonate. An exclusive degradation to vanillic acid is found, which was previously a reported by‐product. As a natural resource, lignin can be utilized to substitute fossil‐based chemicals in the industry to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and positively impact climate change. Ferrate is generated from grey cast iron sacrificial anodes in 40 wt% NaOH with a current efficiency of over 22% at a current density of up to 100 mA cm−2. Vanillic acid is obtained as the sole product after optimizing the reaction parameters, temperature, time, and ferrate concentration for the lignosulfonate degradation via the design of experiments. As a result, yields of 7.2 wt% of the flavoring agent and antioxidant vanillic acid are achieved. The presented two‐step degradation provides an inexpensive path for the production of vanillic acid on a laboratory scale from a highly abundant bio‐based side‐stream.
Effects of B and P Doping on Electronic Structure and Lithium Diffusion Properties of Si(100) Surface
Authors: Yan Gongqin , Xu Tianqi , Hu Miao , Xi Yidong , Lan Chunbo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSurface and lithium diffusion properties of Si(100) doped with B and P are studied using first‐principles plane wave pseudopotential method. The calculated results show that B‐doping has a greater effect on Si(100)‐7 than P‐doping. For 0.5 mol% P‐doping, the population difference between Si5─P bonds and Si5─Si3 bonds is 0.02. For 0.5 mol% B doping, the bond population of Si5─B is 1.8 times that of Si5─Si3 and the structure fluctuates greatly. The migration of a single Li atom from V and B sites on the structure's surface to an orthotetrahedral site inside the structure is simulated. Simulation results show that with the increase of P doping concentration from 0 to 1.0 mol%, the Li diffusion rate is ordered as 0.5 mol% < 0 mol% < 1.0 mol%. Furthermore, the ab initio molecular dynamics method is used to simulate the diffusion of multiple Li atoms in P‐doped Si(100)‐7. When the simulation time is longer than 0.09 ps, the Li diffusion rate is ordered as 0.5 mol% < 0 mol% < 1.0 mol%. Doping Si(100) surface with P could effectively reduce the diffusion barrier for Li atoms in it.
Gasdermin D Deficiency in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Ameliorates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Through Reducing Putrescine Synthesis
Authors: Gao Jianing , Chen Yanghui , Wang Huiqing , Li Xin , Li Ke , Xu Yangkai , Xie Xianwei , Guo Yansong , Yang Nana , Zhang Xinhua , Ma Dong , Lu Hong S. , Shen Ying H. , Liu Yong , Zhang Jifeng , Chen Y. Eugene , Daugherty Alan , Wang Dao Wen , Zheng Lemin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common vascular disease associated with significant phenotypic alterations in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a pore‐forming effector of pyroptosis. In this study, the role of VSMC‐specific GSDMD in the phenotypic alteration of VSMCs and AAA formation is determined. Single‐cell transcriptome analyses reveal Gsdmd upregulation in aortic VSMCs in angiotensin (Ang) II‐induced AAA. VSMC‐specific Gsdmd deletion ameliorates Ang II‐induced AAA in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mice. Using untargeted metabolomic analysis, it is found that putrescine is significantly reduced in the plasma and aortic tissues of VSMC‐specific GSDMD deficient mice. High putrescine levels trigger a pro‐inflammatory phenotype in VSMCs and increase susceptibility to Ang II‐induced AAA formation in mice. In a population‐based study, a high level of putrescine in plasma is associated with the risk of AAA (p < 2.2 × 10−16), consistent with the animal data. Mechanistically, GSDMD enhances endoplasmic reticulum stress‐C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling, which in turn promotes the expression of ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1), the enzyme responsible for increased putrescine levels. Treatment with the ODC1 inhibitor, difluoromethylornithine, reduces AAA formation in Ang II‐infused ApoE−/− mice. The findings suggest that putrescine is a potential biomarker and target for AAA treatment.
Hybrid Nanomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Jianing , Lu Wanyue , Yang Yannan , Xiang Ruiqing , Ling Yun , Yu Chengzhong , Zhou Yaming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNano‐immunotherapy has been recognized as a highly promising strategy for cancer treatment in recent decades, which combines nanotechnology and immunotherapy to combat against tumors. Hybrid nanomaterials consisting of at least two constituents with distinct compositions and properties, usually organic and inorganic, have been engineered with integrated functions and enormous potential in boosting cancer immunotherapy. This review provides a summary of hybrid nanomaterials reported for cancer immunotherapy, including nanoscale metal–organic frameworks, metal–phenolic networks, mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles, metallofullerene nanomaterials, polymer–lipid, and biomacromolecule‐based hybrid nanomaterials. The combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, radiodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and sonodynamic therapy based on hybrid nanomaterials is also discussed. Finally, the current challenges and the prospects for designing hybrid nanomaterials and their application in cancer immunotherapy are outlined.