bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new equation of four infinite series and sums by using a generalized recurrence relation
Authors: Louiz Akram 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Motivated by the fundamental presence of mathematics in all engineering and scientific fields, I made thismathematical article in order to answer many of my personal questions which are also not answered questionsin mathematics. This is a mathematical article that proves a usefulrecurrence relation that is very useful formathematics demonstrations. The article proves also that four infinite series are equivalent. Hence, this articleopens new opportunities to demonstrate and develop new mathematical findings and observations. The demons-trated formulas of this article can also be very useful for all the fields that apply mathematics and especiallyinfinite series and sums.
Development of microbeads from unmodified biomass with tunable size and competitive mechanical properties
Authors: Robertson Benjamin , Hoover Lena , Rott Gerald , Quan Michelle , Calabrese Michelle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Despite national and international regulations, plastic microbeads are still widely used in personal care and consumer products (PCCPs) as exfoliants and rheological modifiers, causing significant microplastic pollution following use. As a sustainable alternative, microbeads were produced by extrusion of biomass solutions and precipitation into anti-solvent. Despite using novel blends of biodegradable, non-derivatized biomass including cellulose and Kraft lignin, resulting microbeads are within the shape, size, and stiffness range of commercial plastic microbeads, even without crosslinking. Solution processability and resulting bead shape and Young’s modulus can be tuned via biomass source, concentration, and degree of polymerization; biomass concentration, extrusion geometry, and precipitation and extraction conditions control the bead size. Lignin incorporation reduces the solution viscosity, which improves processability but also produces flatter beads with higher moduli than cellulose-only microbeads. While some lignin leaches from the beads when stored in water, adding surfactants like sodium dodecyl sulfate suppresses this effect, resulting in good mechanical stability over two months with no noticeable structural degradation. The stability of these mixed-source biomass microbeads - despite the absence of chemical crosslinking or derivatization - makes this route a promising, robust approach for obtaining environmentally-benign microbeads of tunable size and stiffness for use in PCCPs.
Identifying the predictors of adherence to oral endocrine therapy in racial/ethnic minority patients with low socioeconomic status
Authors: Rahimi Sama , Ononogbu Onyebuchi , Mohan Anjana , Moussa Daniel , Abughosh Susan , Trivedi Meghana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Adherence to oral endocrine therapy (OET) is crucial in ensuring its maximum benefit in prevention and treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) in patients. Medication use behavior is suboptimal especially in racial/ethnic minorities of lower socioeconomic status (SES). We aimed to assess the OET adherence and its predictors in racial/ethnic minority patients of lower SES.
Aim
We aimed to assess the OET adherence and determine the predictors of OET nonadherence in racial/ethnic minority patients of lower SES.
Method
A retrospective study was conducted at the Harris Health System in Houston, Texas. Since the study period included the COVID-19 pandemic, data was collected during the 6 months prior and 6 months after the start of the pandemic. The adherence was assessed using the prescription refill data using the proportion of days covered. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of nonadherence. Eighteen years or older patients on appropriate doses of OET for prevention or treatment of BC were included.
Result
In 258 patients, the adherence was significantly lower during the pandemic (44%) compared to before the pandemic (57%). The predictors of OET nonadherence before the pandemic were Black/African American, obesity/extreme obesity, prevention setting, tamoxifen therapy, and 4 or more years on OET. During the pandemic, prevention setting and those not using home delivery were more likely to be nonadherent.
Conclusion
Racial/ethnic minority patients of lower SES, especially African Americans and those using OET for prevention of BC, require individualized interventions to improve adherence.
Time series analysis of variability and trends in precipitation on annual, seasonal and monthly scales of Jammu region of Western Himalaya from 1925-2020
Authors: Khan Sajid , Jaral Saika , Verma Susheel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Planning agricultural practises relies entirely on the timely prediction of rainfall based on data analysis. Early forecasting aids in the preparation of disaster management plans in high-risk locations in the event of predicted severe or limited rainfall. In this study, we analyzed the trends of precipitation and climatic variability for of Jammu region from 1925-2020. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used to analyze the significance of trends in precipitation data on monthly seasonal and annual scales, whereas the non-parametric Sens’s estimator of the slope was used to quantify the magnitude of climatic trends. The results revealed that the Jammu region shows a statistically significant positive (p <0.005) for annual mean precipitation. In annual trend magnitude, the Jammu region showed a statistically significant increasing trend of 0.5260079 mm a-1 for the observed 95 years' climatic time series. The seasonal trends of precipitation statistics exhibit statistically significant positive trends over the observed time series in the case of the summer season only. Further, a significant precipitation increase of 1.484841 mm-1 was observed for the summer season only. The results of Pettit’s test for detecting annual change points for precipitation show a statistically significant change in the years 1988, 1951, and 1985 and seasonally in the year 1993 for the summer season only. Further, the results of the Mann–Kendall test for detecting monthly trends in the precipitation variables for the 95 years of observed climatic time series exhibit a statistically significant increasing trend for the months of May, June, August, and November. The results of this study are extremely useful in many sectors including agriculture, water resources, and most notably climatology studies in most striking aspects of developmental planning in recent times.
Sensing of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by amperometric detection – Dependence of current signal on concentration and type of organic species
Authors: Lambertz Samira , Franke Marcus , Stelter Michael , Braeutigam Patrick 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The standard method for the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) with K2Cr2O6 uses harmful chemicals, has a long analysis time, and cannot be used for on-site online monitoring. Therefore, it is necessary to find a fast, cheap, and harmless alternative. The amperometric determination of COD on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes is a promising approach. However, to be a suitable alternative, the electrochemical method must at least be able to determine the COD of water samples independently of the contained substances. Therefore, the current signal as a function of various organic materials was investigated for the first time. It was shown that the height of the signal current was dependent on the type of organic matter in single substance solutions and that this substance dependency increases with the amount of COD. Those findings could be explained by the mechanism proposed for this reaction showing that the selectivity of the reaction is dependent on the ratio of the concentration of the hydroxyl radical and the organic species. We give an outlook on how to improve the method to increase the linear working range, avoid the signal variance and how to further explain the signal variance.
GANBISS: A new GPU accelerated N-body code for Binary Star Systems
Authors: Zimmermann Maximilian , Pilat-Lohinger Elke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present a GPU acclerated N-body integrator using the Bulirsch-Stoer method, called GANBISS(GPU Accelerated N-body code for Binary Star Systems). It is designed to (i) simulate the dynamics and evolution of planetesimal disks in binary star systems which contains of some thousand disk objects and (ii) supports the integration of up to 40 million non-interacting and massless bodies. GANBISS shows the energy and angular momentum conservation behaviour of non-symplectic integration methods. We compare the performance to a CPU implementation and find a speed up of up to 100 times faster for the GPU implementation, depending on the number of integrated bodies. The code is written in CUDA C and can be run on NVIDIA GPUs of compute capability of at least 3.5.
Applying a genetic risk score model to enhance prediction of future Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis at first presentation with optic neuritis: a cohort study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Oram Richard , Loginovic Pavel , Ferrat Lauric , Green Harry , Weedon Michael , Tyrrell Jessica , Petzold Axel , Braithwaite Tasanee 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Optic neuritis (ON) is associated with numerous immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. After presenting for the first time with undifferentiated ON, up to 50% per cent of patients are subsequently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), sometimes many years later. Differentiating MS-ON from non-MS-ON in the acute setting is challenging but important. Initial treatment of MS-ON and non-MS ON differs, with the latter often requiring urgent immunosuppression. Diagnostic delay in non-MS ON impacts final visual prognosis. Over 200 common genetic variants are associated with MS. We sought to establish whether integrating an MS genetic risk score (MS-GRS) improves prediction of future MS in undifferentiated ON. Using data from the United Kingdom Biobank we showed that combining MS-GRS with demographic risk factors significantly improves MS prediction in patients with undifferentiated ON. In a combined risk model including sex, age and MS-GRS, one standard deviation of MS risk score increased the Hazard of MS 1.3-fold (95% confidence interval 1.09-1.59, P<0.005). Participants stratified into quartiles of predicted MS risk developed incident MS during cumulative follow-up at rates varying from 3.8% (95% CI 1.2–8.6%, lowest risk quartile) to 41.7% (95% CI 33.1–50.6%, highest risk quartile). This study indicates that using a combined model in clinical practice might enhance individual MS risk stratification, paving the way for precision-based ON treatment and earlier introduction of MS disease-modifying therapy.
Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Soil Properties on the Generation of Volatilization Flux from Unsaturated Soil Contaminated by Volatile Chemical Substances
Authors: Kondo Monami , Sakamoto Yasuhide , Kawabe Yoshishige , Komai Takeshi , Watanabe Noriaki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For the assessment of human health risks from soil contaminated by volatile chemical substances (VCSs), it is important to quantitatively estimate the volatilization fluxes that occur at the ground surface due to the upward transport of VCSs component in unsaturated soil. The model constructed by the authors is based on the quantitative evaluation of advection-dispersion behavior associated with volatilization of VCSs and allows detailed consideration of soil properties and the boundary conditions between the atmosphere-ground surface and unsaturated soil-aquifer compared to existing models. This study focuses on the evaluation of the effect of soil properties on the generation of volatilization flux through numerical analyses by changing the permeability characteristics of surface soil depending on the difference in soil particle size, porosity, and distribution coefficient between the water- and soil phases, targeting benzene as a model substance of VCSs. A series of calculated results can be classified into cases dominated by either an increase of volatilization flux or transport to aquifer, depending on soil properties, indicating the necessity of appropriate countermeasures for remediation and risk assessment. For the reduction of health risks derived from the generation of volatilization flux, removal of contaminants existing in the surface soil, including the ground surface, is essential. However, it is necessary to prevent the spread of contamination into the aquifer when the contaminants have high mobility in surface soil.
Influence of Racial and Ethnic Identity on Overall Survival in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Vardell Victoria , Ermann Daniel , Fitzgerald Lindsey , Shah Harsh , Hu Boyu , Stephens Deborah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent adult leukemia, with the highest incidence in the White, non-Hispanic population. To better understand underrepresented minority CLL patients, patients diagnosed with CLL from 2004-2018 were identified in the National Cancer Database. Of 97 804 CLL patients, 90.7% of patients were White, 7.6% Black. Compared to White patients, Black patients were younger (median age 66 years vs. 70 years), more likely to have ≥1 comorbidity (27.9% vs. 21.3%), more likely to receive CLL-directed therapy at diagnosis (35.9% vs 23.6%; p<0.001), and had a shorter median OS of 7.0 years (95% CI 6.7-7.3) compared to White patients (9.1 years [95% CI 9.0-9.3]), p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, Black race was independently associated with shorter OS (HR 1.51 [95% CI 1.46-1.57], p<0.001), which was also demonstrated in a propensity score matched sample (matched by age, comorbidity, and socioeconomic features), where Black patients had shorter OS compared to White patients (HR 1.30 [95% CI 1.23-1.37, p<0.001]). In the largest study to date describing minority CLL patients, we found significantly reduced survival in Black CLL patients, highlighting the need for targeted efforts to provide equitable outcomes.
A Novel Hybrid WOA Algorithm enhanced with Evolutionary Strategy for High-Dimensional problems: An application on Microarray Cancer Data
Authors: Hafiz Rahila , Saeed Sana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The stochastic optimization of continuous space for numerical problems has become a major challenge for scientists. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) simulates the behavior of a humpback whale and is used to solve global optimization problems. Because of its excellent optimal performance and fewer required parameters, it has been widely accepted in a variety of engineering fields. Like other metaheuristics algorithms, WOA has the drawback of trapping in suboptimal regions and high dimensional ones. As a result, it is critical to examine the WOA components using powerful algorithms. A novel hybrid algorithm based on a recombinant evolutionary strategy is proposed to improve search capability. The developed method was analyzed using thirteen unconstrained benchmarked test functions. In addition, two data reduction techniques are used to overcome the dimensional curse. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm was evaluated and contrasted on six microarray cancer datasets. The exhaustive examination and detailed results demonstrate that our new proposed structure has addressed main WOA’s shortcomings. Hence, a significant encouraging performance was observed of this newly developed RESHWOA algorithm.
The impact of learning goals on the professional development of final-year medical students in a curriculum based on entrustable professional activities
Authors: Noijons Tessa M.T. , Bremer Anne E. , Fluit Cornelia R.M.G. , Schieving Jolanda H. , de Pol Marjolein H.J. van 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Medical students regularly face transitions between different workplaces and roles. The main goal for final-year medical students is to grow towards being junior doctors during their last (or senior) clerkship. This transition provides excellent possibilities for growth and development, while simultaneously causing stress. Self-regulated learning (SRL) is a crucial skill for (final-year) medical students and medical doctors. Creating learning goals is a key factor in self-regulated learning. To this end, we conducted a mixed method study to explore in what way learning goals in an entrustable professional activities (EPA) based curriculum contributes to the development of final-year medical students and their transition towards becoming junior doctors. We included fifty-three final-year medical students and analyzed their feedback forms, EPAs and mid- and end-term evaluations. Final-year medical students are aware of the upcoming transition. We studied their learning goals and identified four themes that specifically contribute to the transition: future career, growing leadership, increasing responsibilities and personal professional development. Our main findings are that students are aware of the transition they are expected to make in their senior clerkship and that this transition is likely to happen earlier for students with transition-related learning goals than for students without those. Additionally, these students ask more feedback and receive higher end grades when compared to students without transition-related learning goals. This study is a first exploration of how our EPAs correspond with the students’ learning goals and their transition-related needs. We recommend to further research on how to facilitate this important transition.
Financial burden of prostate cancer in the Iranian Population: a cost of illness and financial risk protection analysis
Authors: Alinezhad Farbod , Khalili Farhad , Zare Hossein , Lu Chunling , Mahmoudi Zahra , Yousefi Mahmood 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males worldwide and the third most common among Iran’s male population. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding its direct and indirect costs in low and middle-income countries. This study intends to bridge the gap using a cost of illness approach, assessing the costs of prostate cancer from the perspectives of patients, society, and the insurance system.
Methods: 297 patients were included in the study. Data for two months periods were obtained from patients registered at two hospital (Tabriz, Tehran), Iran in 2017. We applied a prevalence-based, bottom-up approach to assess the costs of the illness. The sensitivity analyses were performed using a probabilistic approach. We used the World Health Organization methods to measure the prevalence and investigate the determinants of catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditures.
Results: We determined the total costs of the disease for the patients to be IRR 6.8E+07 (PPP $ 5244.44). Total costs of the disease from the perspective of the society amounted to IRR 7E+11 (PPP $ 5.4E+07). Insurance companies expended IRR 2E+07 (PPP $ 1558.8) per patient. Our findings show that 31% of the patients incurred catastrophic health expenditure due to the disease. 5.44% of the patients were impoverished due to the costs of this cancer.
Conclusion: We found an alarmingly high prevalence of catastrophic health expenditures among prostate cancer patients. In additional the prostate cancer puts a substantial burden on both the patients and the society.
Quality Analysis of YouTube Videos about Thyroid Orbitopathy
Authors: İlhan Hatice Deniz , Yaprak Aslı Çetinkaya , Pota Çisil Erkan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos about Thyroid Orbitopathy
Methods: A YouTube search was performed using the keyword 'Graves eye disease’, ‘thyroid eye disease’, ‘thyroid orbitopathy’, ‘thyroid ophtalmopathy' in the search bar of YouTube. The first 50 videos were analyzed for each keywords. and the first 100 videos that came out were included in the study. The numbers of views, likes, dislikes, comments, daily viewing rate (number of views per day), uploaded source, country of origin, video type (patient experience, scholarly information), and described treatment technique were evaluated for all videos. They were also evaluated regarding their DISCERN, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), global quality score (GQS) and usefulness score by two independent ophthalmologists.
Results: Of the top 100 videos, 94 videos met the criteria. The mean DISCERN, JAMA, GQS and usefulness score were 55.27±16.57,3.04±0.64,3.44±0.93 and 3.23±1.1. If we look at the upload source 53(56.4%) videos were uploaded by physicians, 30(31,9%) videos by institutions/ private health institutions, 7(7,4%) videos by health channels, 4(%4,3) videos by patients. All scoring systems showed a statistically significant and strong positive correlation with each other (p<0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation between viewing rate, likes and comments was observed. As the duration of the video increased, a significant increase in the scores in other scores was observed
Conclusion:YouTube is an important platform for thyroid orbitopathy patients, it helps patients to be aware of their disease in the early period and most of the videos were of good quality. Ophthalmologists should guide their patients who want to get information on YouTube to watch videos uploaded by health care professionals.
Defining Core Outcomes of Reproductive Genetic Carrier Screening: A Delphi survey of Australian and New Zealand stakeholders
Authors: Richardson Ebony , McEwen Alison , Newton-John Toby , Jacobs Chris 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Understanding the benefits of health interventions is needed to inform best practice and ensure responsible implementation of new approaches to patient care. The assessment of outcomes is an important part of demonstrating these benefits. There is no current consensus about which outcomes are appropriate for the evaluation of genetic health interventions, including genetic testing and genetic counselling. The Core Outcome DEvelopment for Carrier Screening study has addressed this lack of guidance by undertaking a systematic approach to understanding the outcomes that can meaningfully capture the benefits of reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS). Herein, we report on a consensus process to determine the degree of consensus among Australian and New Zealand stakeholders regarding the core outcomes of RGCS. An iterative, two-round online Delphi survey was conducted. Panellists ranked 83 outcomes according to their perceived importance on a nine-point Likert scale. Using the distribution of rankings, outcomes were grouped into tiers representative of their perceived level of importance and agreement between groups. The top tier outcomes were agreed to be critically important for all future studies and were used to define a preliminary core outcome set encompassing the domains (1) primary laboratory outcomes, (2) pregnancy outcomes, (3) resource use and (4) perceived utility of RGCS. These findings will help to guide the selection of meaningful outcomes in studies aiming to evaluate the value of RGCS. A future international consensus process will expand on these findings and guide the inclusion of diverse perspectives across the range of settings in which RGCS is offered.