bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sales and race performance of juvenile Thoroughbreds with surgically corrected large colon displacements
Authors: Edwards Veronica Lynn , Loux Shavahn , Embertson Rolf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile Thoroughbreds can be expensive to raise and train to race. Part of the economic return in these juveniles are the weanling, yearling and 2‐year‐old in training sales at which major surgeries must be declared.ObjectivesTo determine if surgically corrected large colon displacements were associated with a reduction of sales price and racing performance. We hypothesised that the surgery would be associated with a reduced sales price but would not be associated with a reduction in race earnings or starts.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThe medical, sales and racing records of horses less than 2 years old that had a surgical diagnosis of large colon displacement were examined (n = 110). Surgical cases were compared with a control group (n = 299) whose sales and racing data were evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant difference in median sale price overall between the two groups. Horses undergoing surgery had a reduced number of starts in the 2‐year‐old year (1 start;p < 0.001) when compared with control horses (2.32 starts), but no significant difference over the 2‐ to 4‐year‐old period. There was no significant association with surgery on earnings within the 2‐ to 4‐year‐old period of racing when compared with controls.Main limitationsThe main limitations for this study were the retrospective design, relatively small number of horses and covering only the 2‐ to 4‐year‐old period of the horses' racing career.ConclusionsOverall, the results of this study suggest that if the juvenile Thoroughbred requires surgery for a large colon displacement, there is minimal association with sales price or race performance compared with their siblings. With this information, it will be easier to make informed decisions to take young horses to surgery.
Pharmacokinetic properties of pergolide mesylate following single and multiple‐dose administration in donkeys (Equus asinus)
Authors: Xue Cynthia , Davis Jennifer , Berghaus Londa J. , Hanafi Amanda , Vaughn Sarah A. , Hart Kelsey A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDonkeys with clinical signs of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction are treated with oral pergolide mesylate despite the lack of species‐specific pharmacokinetic data.ObjectiveTo evaluate the pharmacokinetics of intragastric and oral pergolide mesylate in healthy donkeys (Equus asinus).Study designPharmacokinetic study.MethodsSix healthy donkeys were administered pergolide mesylate (Prascend®) at 2 μg/kg bodyweight (bwt) intragastrically once, then once daily per os (PO) for 5 days. Blood samples were collected at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 45 min and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after the single intragastric dose, once daily immediately before the PO dose, and then again at the above times after Day 5 of once daily oral dosing. Plasma pergolide concentration was quantified via ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Pergolide concentration versus time data after the first and last doses were analysed based on noncompartmental pharmacokinetics using commercial software. Pairedt‐tests were used to compare single and multiple doses (p < 0.05). In a follow‐up study, a single oral dose was then administered to two donkeys followed by concurrent blood sampling from the jugular and cephalic veins to evaluate the effect of route of administration on pergolide pharmacokinetics.ResultsCmax,TmaxAUC, andt½λzdiffered significantly (p ≤ 0.03) after single and multiple doses, with significantly lowerCmax(0.16 ± 0.16 ng/ml) andt½λz(9.74 ± 1.35 h) after intragastric dosing on Day 1 than after 5 days of oral dosing (3.74 ± 2.26 ng/ml and 16.35 ± 5.21 h, respectively). Pergolide plasma concentrations were higher in jugular vein samples compared to cephalic vein samples after a single oral dose.Main limitationsSmall sample size; varied administration routes.ConclusionsPergolide mesylate (dosed at 2 μg/kg bwt) is bioavailable in donkeys after intragastric and PO administration. Differences in pharmacokinetics were noted after multiple doses, related to different routes of administration and sublingual absorption of pergolide.
Detection of Mycoplasma spp. in horses with respiratory disorders
Authors: Martineau Matthieu , Castagnet Sophie , Kokabi Elena , Tricot Agnès , Jaÿ Maryne , Léon Albertine , Tardy Florence 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBacteria belonging to the genus Mycoplasma are small‐sized, have no cell walls and small genomes. They commonly cause respiratory disorders in their animal hosts. Three species have been found in the respiratory tract of horses worldwide, that is., Mycoplasma (M.) equirhinis, M. pulmonis and M. felis, but their role in clinical cases remains unclear.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to i) develop and validate tools to detect, isolate and identify different Mycoplasma spp. strains in clinical equine respiratory‐tract specimens and ii) subsequently define the prevalence of the three species in France depending on sample types and horse characteristics (age, breed, sex).Study designValidation of a workflow for mycoplasma diagnosis and subsequent prevalence study.MethodsMycoplasma‐free tracheal wash samples spiked with numerated strains and DNA dilutions were used to validate the culture methods and real‐time PCR (rt‐PCR) assay. Isolated strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Prevalences were determined on a population of 616 horses with respiratory disorders, sampled in France in 2020.ResultsIn total, 104 horses (16.9%) were found to be positive for Mycoplasma spp. by at least one method. M. equirhinis was the predominant circulating species, accounting for 85% of the rt‐PCR‐positive samples and 98% of the 40 cultured strains.Main limitationThe proposed pre‐enrichment procedure improves the sensitivity of detection but hinders the quantification of the initial mycoplasma load in the clinical specimens.ConclusionsPrevalence of mycoplasma varied with age, breed, and type of sample.
The FishPath approach for fisheries management in a data‐ and capacity‐limited world
Authors: Dowling Natalie A. , Wilson Jono R. , Cope Jason M. , Dougherty Dawn T. , Lomonico Serena , Revenga Carmen , Snouffer Brian J. , Salinas Natalio Godoy , Torres‐Cañete Felipe , Chick Rowan C. , Fowler Ashley M. , Parma Ana M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSuccessful fisheries management systems tend to be underpinned by harvest strategies, specifying formally agreed data collection systems, assessment approaches and management measures used to regulate fishing pressure. While harvest strategies can be effective even in data‐ and capacity‐limited (DCL) situations, their development remains challenging in such contexts. We present a process and decision‐support tool, FishPath, to guide the identification of suitable harvest strategy component options given often debilitating conditions: (i) resource limitations and lack of technical management capacity; (ii) ‘uniqueness’ of DCL fisheries; (iii) the concept of harvest strategies is unfamiliar to managers and scientists, and the universe of options is hard to navigate; and (iv) the lack of an effective participatory process to identify solutions tailored to local contexts. These conditions can lead to either management paralysis or generic solutions that may be poor fits to specific conditions. The FishPath Tool uses a diagnostic questionnaire that elicits the key characteristics and specific circumstances of a fishery. It compares these with the requirements of alternative options from an inventory of possible harvest strategy components, identifies where these requirements are met and provides customised, transparent guidance on the appropriateness of component options of a harvest strategy, specific to the fishery of interest and its governance context. The FishPath Process is a facilitated multi‐stakeholder, participatory engagement process aimed to set fisheries on the path to develop a harvest strategy. The FishPath Process and Tool combine to ensure a bottom‐up, documented, transparent, replicable and efficient process.
FILIAL DEPENDENCE AND AUTONOMY IN THE STURM UND DRANG: READING KLINGER, WAGNER AND MÜLLER WITH ROUSSEAU
Authors: Griffiths Elystan 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe essay examines the representation of relationships between children on the cusp of adulthood and their parents in dramas by Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, Heinrich Leopold Wagner and Friedrich Müller (known as ‘Maler Müller’). It positions the Sturm und Drang in dialogue with the wider European Enlightenment, and especially with Rousseau's theorising of human dependence in his Discourse on Inequality and Emile. In particular, it suggests that these writers demonstrate an association between inequality and social dependence, whereas flat social structures promote pluralism and autonomy. The article argues that, in contrast to the common view of the Sturm und Drang as characterised by wild filial rebellion and blind adoration of Rousseau, a close reading demonstrates how it sustains a critical dialogue with major currents of European thought and develops a subtle and self‐critical sense of the possibilities and limits on autonomy. Indeed, it demonstrates how these writers were able to use literature to foreground the antinomies of their social order in a more radical way than direct approaches could – and thus illustrates the importance of considering literature as a serious participant in Enlightenment dialogues.
Humanistic burden of problem joints for children and adults with haemophilia
Authors: Burke Tom , Rodriguez‐Santana Idaira , Chowdary Pratima , Curtis Randall , Khair Kate , Laffan Michael , Mclaughlin Paul , Noone Declan , O'Mahony Brian , Pasi John , Skinner Mark , O'Hara Jamie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe “problem joint” (PJ) concept was developed to address patient‐centric needs for a more holistic assessment of joint morbidity for people with haemophilia (PwH).AimTo quantify the humanistic burden of PJs in PwH to further support validation of the PJ outcome measure.MethodsMultivariable regression models evaluated the relationship between PJs and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL, EQ‐5D‐5L) and overall work productivity loss (WPL) using data from the ‘Cost of HaEmophilia: a Socioeconomic Survey’ population studies (adults: CHESS II, CHESS US+; children/adolescents: CHESS‐Paeds). Covariates included were haemophilia severity, age, comorbidities and education.ResultsThe CHESS II sample included 292 and 134 PwH for HRQoL and WPL analyses, mean age 38.6 years (39% ≥1 PJ, 61% none). CHESS US+ included 345 and 239 PwH for HRQoL and WPL, mean age 35 years (43% ≥1 PJ, 57% none). CHESS‐Paeds included 198 PwH aged 4–17 (HRQoL only), mean age 11.5 years (19% ≥1 PJ, 81% none). In CHESS II and CHESS US+, presence of PJs was associated with worse HRQoL (Both p < .001). Few CHESS‐Paeds participants had PJs, with no significant correlation with HRQoL. In CHESS II, upper body PJs were significantly correlated to WPL (p < .05). In CHESS US+, having ≥1 PJ or upper and lower body PJs were significantly correlated to WPL (vs. none; both p < .05).ConclusionThis study has shown a meaningful burden of PJs on PwH, which should be considered in clinical and health policy assessments of joint health.
Enhanced piroctone olamine retention from shampoo for superior anti‐dandruff efficacy
Authors: Johnson Eric S. , Chang Debora W. , Schwartz James R. , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Henry James P. , Caterino Tamara L. , Talley Allison L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDandruff is a pervasive chronic condition which negatively impacts quality of life. Effective treatment requires efficient delivery of scalp benefit agents that control commensal scalp Malassezia levels. Delivery of benefit agents from shampoos requires balancing many technical parameters to achieve the desired outcome without sacrificing secondary parameters, such as cosmetic attributes.AimTo develop formulation technologies that increase the shampoo delivery efficiency of the scalp benefit agent piroctone olamine (PO). Increased delivery should result in increased anti‐dandruff efficacy.MethodsMicellar Stability and Association parameters were quantified via dynamic surface tension and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion parameters, respectively. PO delivery has been assessed in vivo both on the scalp surface and follicular infindibula using extraction procedures and analytical analysis. Clinical anti‐dandruff efficacy was assessed for an advanced delivery technology prototype in comparison to standard delivery technology.ResultsShampoo prototypes have been developed that increase the delivery efficiency of PO. Both surfactant and polymer coacervate‐based approaches have been developed. Decreased micellar stability results in weaker association between PO and micelles, resulting in more efficient PO retention on the scalp surface and delivery to the infundibula. Increased charge density of cationic polymers optimizes coacervation enabling improved PO delivery as well. Increased PO delivery has been shown clinically to result in higher anti‐dandruff efficacy as measured by both visible flakes and underlying biomarkers.ConclusionIncreased efficiency PO delivery shampoos have been developed by optimization of both surfactant and coacervate parameters. The increased deposition efficiency results in significantly more products with significantly greater anti‐dandruff efficacy.
NO CREDIT, NO GAIN: TRADE LIBERALIZATION DYNAMICS, PRODUCTION INPUTS, AND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kohn David , Leibovici Fernando , Szkup Michal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the role of financial development on the aggregate implications of reducing import tariffs on capital and intermediate inputs. We document empirically that financially underdeveloped economies feature a slower aggregate response following trade liberalization. To quantify these effects, we set up a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms subject to collateral constraints and estimate it using Colombian plant‐level data. We find that low financial development substantially limited the gains from trade liberalization in Colombia in the early 1990s. More broadly, we find that low financial development substantially limits both the aggregate and welfare gains from tariff reductions.
Punishment's Burdens on the Innocent
Authors: Hoskins Zachary 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTCritics of state punishment have frequently pointed out that its imposition sometimes involves the infliction of burdens on innocent people: namely, those falsely convicted of crimes and punished. Punishment also creates significant burdens for innocent children and other dependents of those punished (social stigma, financial stress, direct abuse, and so on). But these burdens on innocents have received much less philosophical attention than the burdens created for the falsely convicted. This article examines five lines of argument that might lead one to the conclusion that the burdens punishment creates for the falsely convicted are more morally troubling than the burdens it creates for innocent dependents of those punished. I offer reasons to be sceptical about each of these arguments. I contend that we should regard the burdens state punishment creates for innocent dependents of those punished as no less morally troubling than the burdens it creates for innocent, falsely convicted people. In the article's final section, I discuss some implications of my account.
Logistics and supply chain management in base of the pyramid projects
Authors: Oke Adegoke , Maltz Arnold , Goentzel Jarrod 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBottom of the Pyramid (BOP) populations often lack access to the products and markets that would allow progress toward sustainable development goals (SDGs) (Prahalad & Hart, Strategy + Business, 2002, 26 and 1). Recognizing the fundamental role of logistics/supply chain management (LSCM) in providing such access, we review 84 case studies of development initiatives targeted at the BOP. Surprisingly, we find that LSCM has low visibility in most cases, although distribution is frequently mentioned and LSCM is a more central actor in the few cases where BOP locations are a source for low‐cost products.
Brassinosteroids fine‐tune secondary and primary sulfur metabolism through BZR1‐mediated transcriptional regulation
Authors: Wang Mengyu , Cai Congxi , Li Yubo , Tao Han , Meng Fanliang , Sun Bo , Miao Huiying , Wang Qiaomei 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTFor adaptation to ever‐changing environments, plants have evolved elaborate metabolic systems coupled to a regulatory network for optimal growth and defense. Regulation of plant secondary metabolic pathways such as glucosinolates (GSLs) by defense phytohormones in response to different stresses and nutrient deficiency has been intensively investigated, while how growth‐promoting hormone balances plant secondary and primary metabolism has been largely unexplored. Here, we found that growth‐promoting hormone brassinosteroid (BR) inhibits GSLs accumulation while enhancing biosynthesis of primary sulfur metabolites, including cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) both in Arabidopsis and Brassica crops, fine‐tuning secondary and primary sulfur metabolism to promote plant growth. Furthermore, we demonstrate that of BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), the central component of BR signaling, exerts distinct transcriptional inhibition regulation on indolic and aliphatic GSL via direct MYB51 dependent repression of indolic GSL biosynthesis, while exerting partial MYB29 dependent repression of aliphatic GSL biosynthesis. Additionally, BZR1 directly activates the transcription of APR1 and APR2 which encodes rate‐limiting enzyme adenosine 5′‐phosphosulfate reductases in the primary sulfur metabolic pathway. In summary, our findings indicate that BR inhibits the biosynthesis of GSLs to prioritize sulfur usage for primary metabolites under normal growth conditions. These findings expand our understanding of BR promoting plant growth from a metabolism perspective.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the BRIEF2 in a sample of youth with Down syndrome
Authors: Soltani A. , Schworer E. K. , Jacobson L. A. , Channell M. M. , Lee N. R. , Faught G. G. , Grzadzinski R. , Fidler D. , Esbensen A. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, second edition (BRIEF2) has been widely examined in both typically developing children and specific clinical samples. Despite the frequent use of the BRIEF2 for measuring executive functioning in individuals with Down syndrome, no study has investigated the factorial validity or dimensionality of the BRIEF2 in this population. This study aimed to address this notable gap in the literature.MethodsParents of 407 children and youth with Down syndrome aged 6–18 years completed the BRIEF2 as part of different studies led by six sites. Three competing models proposed by previous studies were analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis: the theoretical structure of the BRIEF2 where the scales were constrained to load on three factors labelled as Cognitive, Behavioral, and Emotional Regulation, a two‐factor correlated model with the merged Behavioral and Emotional regulation, and a single‐factor model.ResultsThe three‐factor model provided a better fit than the one‐ and two‐factor models, yet a large correlation was observed between Behavioural and Emotional regulation factors. The results provide meaningful explanatory value for the theoretical structure of the BRIEF2. However, the Behavioral and Emotional regulation factors might be less differentiated and the two‐factor structure of the BRIEF2 may also make theoretical and empirical sense.ConclusionsAlthough more studies are needed to further examine the factor structure of the BRIEF2 in youth with Down syndrome, this investigation provides preliminary support for the interpretation of the three executive function index scores provided by the BRIEF2: Cognitive, Behavioral, and Emotional Regulation.
Clinical validation of the upper face first principle—A clinical, prospective, interventional split‐face study
Authors: Hernandez Claudia A. , Zapata David E. Uribe , Bermudez Maria Paula , Frank Konstantin , Moellhoff Nicholas , Alfertshofer Michael , Gotkin Robert H. , Davidovic Kristina , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious clinical and anatomic investigations have identified the clinical relevance of facial biomechanics. Based on this new understanding, principles for facial aesthetic procedures were established: Lateral Face First, Deep Layers First, and Upper Face First.ObjectiveTo test the upper face first principle by showing that an injection sequence, starting in the upper face is superior to an injection sequence starting in the lower face.MethodsThis study was designed as an interventional split‐face study administering the same amount and type of soft tissue filler for the upper, middle, and lower face but in a different sequence: upper, middle, lower face versus lower, middle, and upper face. A total of 15 patients (5 males and 10 females) with a mean age of 39.4 years (9.6) and a mean BMI of 23.4 kg/m2 (1.7) were studied. Follow‐up at D0, D30, and D90 was conducted utilizing semiquantitative scores and objective 3D imaging.ResultsDespite not reaching statistical significance, midfacial volume and jawline contouring were rated better at every follow‐up visit (D0, D30, D90) when treated with the upper versus the lower face first injection algorithm. The global aesthetic improvement scale showed statistically significantly better values for the upper face first algorithm when compared to the lower face first algorithm at all evaluated time points with all p < 0.001.ConclusionApplying the upper face first injection algorithm seems to result in better aesthetic outcomes when directly compared to the lower face first algorithm. Semiquantitative and objective outcome measurements confirm its clinical effectiveness.