bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental mental disorders and offspring schizotypy in middle childhood: an intergenerational record linkage study
Authors: O’Hare Kirstie , Laurens Kristin R. , Watkeys Oliver , Tzoumakis Stacy , Dean Kimberlie , Harris Felicity , Linscott Richard J. , Carr Vaughan J. , Green Melissa J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate relationships between distinct schizotypy risk profiles in childhood and the full spectrum of parental mental disorders.

Methods
Participants were 22,137 children drawn from the New South Wales Child Development Study, for whom profiles of risk for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in middle childhood (age ~ 11 years) were derived in a previous study. A series of multinomial logistic regression analyses examined the likelihood of child membership in one of three schizotypy profiles (true schizotypy, introverted schizotypy, and affective schizotypy) relative to the children showing no risk, according to maternal and paternal diagnoses of seven types of mental disorders.

Results
All types of parental mental disorders were associated with membership in all childhood schizotypy profiles. Children in the true schizotypy group were more than twice as likely as children in the no risk group to have a parent with any type of mental disorder (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.27, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 2.01–2.56); those in the affective (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.42–1.67) and introverted schizotypy profiles (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.29–1.51) were also more likely to have been exposed to any parental mental disorder, relative to children showing no risk.

Conclusion
Childhood schizotypy risk profiles appear not to be related specifically to familial liability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders; this is consistent with a model where liability for psychopathology is largely general rather than specific to particular diagnostic categories.
Association of child neurodevelopmental or behavioural problems with maternal unemployment in a population-based birth cohort
Authors: Amaro Joana , Costa Raquel , Popovic Maja , Maule Milena Maria , Mehlum Ingrid Sivesind , Lucas Raquel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To estimate associations between suspected or diagnosed neurodevelopmental or behavioural problems in 7-year-old children and maternal unemployment at child age 7 and 10, in a Portuguese birth cohort.

Methods
We evaluated 5754 mothers and their children of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI in Porto, Portugal. Data on suspected and diagnosed child neurodevelopmental and behavioural problems (exposures)—learning, attention and language problems, externalising behaviours, developmental delay, autism spectrum disorders, and other neurodevelopmental problems—were retrieved at 7 years of age by interviewing caregivers. Maternal employment status (outcome) was collected at the 7- and 10-year follow-up waves. Robust Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations.

Results
After adjustment for maternal and household characteristics, women were more likely to be unemployed at child age 10 if the child had, up to age 7, any of the following suspected problems: an autism spectrum disorder (PR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.07, 2.79), developmental delay (PR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.20, 2.06), externalising behaviours (PR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.11, 1.50) or learning problems (PR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.48). When the exposure was restricted to clinically diagnosed disorders, the magnitude of associations remained similar but estimates were less precise. Associations with unemployment were stronger at child age 10 (prospective analyses), than at child age 7 (cross-sectional).

Conclusion
Having a child with learning, developmental or behavioural problems, or an autism spectrum disorder up to age 7 was associated with maternal unemployment three years later, even in a less affluent European economy where the dual-earner family structure is often necessary to make ends meet.
A continuous model for connectivity constraints in topology optimization
Authors: Donoso Alberto , Aranda Ernesto , Ruiz David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work is to present a continuos mathematical model that characterizes and enforces connectivity in a topology optimization problem. That goal is accomplished by constraining the second eigenvalue of an auxiliary eigenproblem, solved together with the governing state law in each step of the iterative process. Our density-based approach is illustrated with 2d and 3d numerical examples in the context of structural design.
High variation among clinical studies in the assessment of physical function after knee replacement: a systematic review
Authors: Adriani Marco , Becker Roland , Milano Giuseppe , Lachowski Krzysztof , Prill Robert 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to summarise the current use of outcome measures for the assessment of physical function after knee joint replacement.

Methods
A systematic approach following the PRISMA guidelines was used. Literature search was performed on MEDLINE database via PubMed and on Epistemonikos. Clinical trials (level of evidence I-II) on knee joint replacement reporting data on the ‘physical function’ domain published between January 2017 and June 2022 were included. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the evidence.

Results
In the 181 articles that met the inclusion criteria, 49 different outcome measurements were used to evaluate clinical outcomes after knee joint replacement. The most frequently adopted patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were the Knee Society Score (KSS) (78 studies; 43.1%), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Arthritis Index (62 studies; 34.3%), the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) (51 studies; 28.2%) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) (36 studies; 20%). The most frequently used performance-based outcome measures (PBOMs) were the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) test (30 studies; 16.6%) and the 6-min-walk test (6MWT) (21 studies; 11.6%). Among impairment-based outcome measures (IBOMs), range of motion (ROM) was the most used (74 studies; 40.9%).

Conclusion
There is considerable variation among clinical studies regarding the assessment of the physical function of patients after knee joint replacement. PROMs were found to be the most commonly adopted outcome measures; however, no single PROM was used in more than half of the papers analysed.

Level of evidence
Level II, systematic review of level I-II studies.
Generation of rule-adhering robot programs for aluminium welding automatically from CAD
Authors: Tran Tuan Anh , Njåstad Eirik Bjørndal , Midling Ole Terje , Bjelland Morten , Lobov Andrei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a method to automatically generate robot welding programs from CAD to address the ever-constant demand for product customisation. Furthermore, to ensure that proper welding operations and structural integrity are met, the generated programs also consider the welding conditions and requirements. These welding conditions and requirements are defined by the weld direction and face relative to gravity and surrounding geometry, which has not been observed in the present research sphere. To achieve this, the approach leverages information that can be extracted from a topological analysis of tessellated geometry local to the weld joint in conjunction with available CAD API functions. Finally, an implementation of the method using Siemens NX and the Robotics Toolbox for Python is presented and tested on three geometrically different node configurations and a stiffener piece provided by industrial collaborators. In all, the proposed system was able to correctly generate programs adhering to allowed welding operations as long as a solution existed. For the more complex node configurations (which require reorientation when welded by humans), 32 weld path programs out of 42 were generated based on the given criteria. For the least complex node, a total of 20 out of 24 were generated with the same criteria. All 14 weld programs were generated for the stiffener representation.
Fluid topology optimization and additive manufacturing of a liquid atomizer using an extensive number of grid points
Authors: Yonekura Kazuo , Hattori Hitoshi , Nishizu Takafumi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) can fabricate complicated shapes and is useful when manufacturing topology optimized shapes. Fluid parts often consists of three dimensional curves that are suitable for AM fabrication. However, the application of fluid topology optimization and AM has not been investigated yet. However, modeling and solving an optimization problem have not been investigated for a real industrial fluid topology optimization problem of AM parts with tiny channels, i.e., a liquid atomizer which is equipped with an aero-engine fuel injector. In order to reduce computation time, which is an important issue in real industrial problem, the instantaneous sensitivity approximation method is used as a topology optimization method. The optimized part exhibited a reduction in pressure loss compared to that of a conventional part.
A model-based ultrametric composite indicator for studying waste management in Italian municipalities
Authors: Cavicchia Carlo , Sarnacchiaro Pasquale , Vichi Maurizio , Zaccaria Giorgia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA Composite Indicator (CI) is a useful tool to synthesize information on a multidimensional phenomenon and make policy decisions. Multidimensional phenomena are often modeled by hierarchical latent structures that reconstruct relationships between variables. In this paper, we propose an exploratory, simultaneous model for building a hierarchical CI system to synthesize a multidimensional phenomenon and analyze its several facets. The proposal, called the Ultrametric Composite Indicator (UCI) model, reconstructs the hierarchical relationships among manifest variables detected by the correlation matrix via an extended ultrametric correlation matrix. The latter has the feature of being one-to-one associated with a hierarchy of latent concepts. Furthermore, the proposal introduces a test to unravel relevant dimensions in the hierarchy and retain statistically significant higher-level CIs. A simulation study is illustrated to compare the proposal with other existing methodologies. Finally, the UCI model is applied to study Italian municipalities’ behavior toward waste management and to provide a tool to guide their councils in policy decisions.
Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy mesh excision step-by-step
Authors: Mohr Stefan , Imboden Sara , Mueller Michael D. , Kuhn Annette 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The objective was to demonstrate the surgical procedure of laparoscopic mesh removal after sacrocolpopexy to aid clinicians facing mesh complications.

Methods
Video footage shows the laparoscopic management of mesh failure and mesh erosion after sacrocolpopexy with narrated video sequences of two patients.

Results
Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy represents the gold standard in advanced prolapse repair. Mesh complications occur infrequently but infections, failure of prolapse repair and mesh erosions necessitate mesh removal and repeat sacrocolpopexy if applicable.
The video deals with two women referred to our tertiary referral urogynecology unit in the University Women’s Hospital of Bern, Switzerland, after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexies that were carried out in remote hospitals. Both patients were asymptomatic more than 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions
Complete mesh removal after sacrocolpopexy and repeat prolapse surgery can be challenging but is feasible and is aimed at improving patients’ complaints and symptoms.
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) causes seizure activity in larval zebrafish via antagonism of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1β2γ2
Authors: Mundy Paige C. , Werner Alicia , Singh Latika , Singh Vikrant , Mendieta Rosalia , Patullo Caitlyn E. , Wulff Heike , Lein Pamela J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, or Royal Demolition Explosive (RDX), is a major component of plastic explosives such as C-4. Acute exposures from intentional or accidental ingestion are a documented clinical concern, especially among young male U.S. service members in the armed forces. When ingested in large enough quantity, RDX causes tonic–clonic seizures. Previous in silico and in vitro experiments predict that RDX causes seizures by inhibiting α1β2γ2 γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor-mediated chloride currents. To determine whether this mechanism translates in vivo, we established a larval zebrafish model of RDX-induced seizures. After a 3 h of exposure to 300 µM RDX, larval zebrafish exhibited a significant increase in motility in comparison to vehicle controls. Researchers blinded to experimental group manually scored a 20-min segment of video starting at 3.5 h post-exposure and found significant seizure behavior that correlated with automated seizure scores. Midazolam (MDZ), an nonselective GABAAR positive allosteric modulator (PAM), and a combination of Zolpidem (α1 selective PAM) and compound 2-261 (β2/3-selective PAM) were effective in mitigating RDX-triggered behavioral and electrographic seizures. These findings confirm that RDX induces seizure activity via inhibition of the α1β2γ2 GABAAR and support the use of GABAAR-targeted anti-seizure drugs for the treatment of RDX-induced seizures.
Rates of Convergence to Non-degenerate Asymptotic Profiles for Fast Diffusion via Energy Methods
Authors: Akagi Goro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a quantitative analysis of asymptotic behaviors of (possibly sign-changing) solutions to the Cauchy–Dirichlet problem for the fast diffusion equation posed on bounded domains with Sobolev subcritical exponents. More precisely, rates of convergence to non-degenerate asymptotic profiles are revealed via an energy method. The sharp rate of convergence to positive ones was recently discussed by Bonforte and Figalli (Commun Pure Appl Math 74:744-789, 2021) based on an entropy method. An alternative proof for their result is also provided. Furthermore, the dynamics of fast diffusion flows with changing signs is discussed more specifically under concrete settings; in particular, exponential stability of some sign-changing asymptotic profiles is proved in dumbbell domains for initial data with certain symmetry.
Threshold for the expected measure of random polytopes
Authors: Brazitikos Silouanos , Giannopoulos Apostolos , Pafis Minas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLet $$\mu $$
μ
be a log-concave probability measure on $${\mathbb R}^n$$

R

n

and for any $$N>n$$

N
>
n

consider the random polytope $$K_N=\textrm{conv}\{X_1,\ldots ,X_N\}$$

K
N

=
conv

{

X
1

,
…
,

X
N

}

, where $$X_1,X_2,\ldots $$

X
1

,

X
2

,
…

are independent random points in $${\mathbb R}^n$$

R

n

distributed according to $$\mu $$
μ
. We study the question if there exists a threshold for the expected measure of $$K_N$$

K
N

. Our approach is based on the Cramer transform $$\Lambda _{\mu }^{*}$$

Λ

μ

∗

of $$\mu $$
μ
. We examine the existence of moments of all orders for $$\Lambda _{\mu }^{*}$$

Λ

μ

∗

and establish, under some conditions, a sharp threshold for the expectation $${\mathbb {E}}_{\mu ^N}[\mu (K_N)]$$

E

μ
N

[
μ

(

K
N

)

]

of the measure of $$K_N$$

K
N

: it is close to 0 if $$\ln N\ll {\mathbb {E}}_{\mu }(\Lambda _{\mu }^{*})$$

ln
N
≪

E
μ

(

Λ

μ

∗

)

and close to 1 if $$\ln N\gg {\mathbb {E}}_{\mu }(\Lambda _{\mu }^{*})$$

ln
N
≫

E
μ

(

Λ

μ

∗

)

. The main condition is that the parameter $$\beta (\mu )=\textrm{Var}_{\mu }(\Lambda _{\mu }^{*})/({\mathbb {E}}_{\mu }(\Lambda _{\mu }^{*}))^2$$

β

(
μ
)

=

Var
μ

(

Λ

μ

∗

)

/

(

E
μ

(

Λ

μ

∗

)

)

2

should be small.
Outcomes of high-risk adult outpatients treated with early remdesivir therapy during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) omicron era: experiences from the national centre of Hungary
Authors: Gáspár Zsófia , Szabó Bálint Gergely , Ábrahám Anita , Várnai Zsuzsanna , Kiss-Dala Noémi , Szlávik János , Sinkó János , Vályi-Nagy István , Lakatos Botond 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that remdesivir might improve clinical outcome of high-risk outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to evaluate characteristics and outcomes of nonhospitalised adults diagnosed with COVID-19 and treated with early remdesivir therapy during the omicron wave. A single-centre prospective cohort study was performed among adult patients between February and June 2022, during the circulation of phylogenetic assignment of named global outbreak (PANGO) subvariants BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 in Hungary. Patients were enrolled based on pre-defined criteria. Clinical characteristics (demography, comorbidities, vaccination status, imaging, treatment, and disease course) and outcomes (COVID-19 related hospitalisation, oxygen supplementation, intensive care support, and all-cause death) were assessed at 28 days post-treatment. A subgroup analysis of patients with and without active haematological malignancies was also carried out. Altogether, 127 patients were enrolled: 51.2% (65/127) were female with a median age of 59 (IQR: 22, range: 21‒92) years, and 48.8% (62/127) had active haematological malignancy. At 28 days post-treatment, 7.1% (9/127) of patients required COVID-19-related hospitalisation, 2.4% (3/127) required oxygen supplementation, 1.6% (2/127) required intensive care, and 0.8% (1/127) died due to a non-COVID-19-related secondary infection at the intensive care unit, all with haematological malignancies. Early remdesivir treatment might be a feasible strategy among high-risk outpatients with COVID-19 during the omicron wave.
Quantum Brascamp–Lieb Dualities
Authors: Berta Mario , Sutter David , Walter Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBrascamp–Lieb inequalities are entropy inequalities which have a dual formulation as generalized Young inequalities. In this work, we introduce a fully quantum version of this duality, relating quantum relative entropy inequalities to matrix exponential inequalities of Young type. We demonstrate this novel duality by means of examples from quantum information theory—including entropic uncertainty relations, strong data-processing inequalities, super-additivity inequalities, and many more. As an application we find novel uncertainty relations for Gaussian quantum operations that can be interpreted as quantum duals of the well-known family of ‘geometric’ Brascamp–Lieb inequalities.
Performance on the balloon analogue risk task and anticipatory response inhibition task is associated with severity of impulse control behaviours in people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Hall Alison , Weightman Matthew , Jenkinson Ned , MacDonald Hayley J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDopamine agonist medication is one of the largest risk factors for development of problematic impulse control behaviours (ICBs) in people with Parkinson’s disease. The present study investigated the potential of dopamine gene profiling and individual performance on impulse control tasks to explain ICB severity. Clinical, genetic and task performance data were entered into a mixed-effects linear regression model for people with Parkinson’s disease taking (n = 50) or not taking (n = 25) dopamine agonist medication. Severity of ICBs was captured via the Questionnaire for Impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale. A cumulative dopamine genetic risk score (DGRS) was calculated for each participant from variance in five dopamine-regulating genes. Objective measures of impulsive action and impulsive choice were measured on the Anticipatory Response Inhibition Task and Balloon Analogue Risk Task, respectively. For participants on dopamine agonist medication, task performance reflecting greater impulsive choice (p = 0.014), and to a trend level greater impulsive action (p = 0.056), as well as a longer history of DA medication (p < 0.001) all predicted increased ICB severity. DGRS however, did not predict ICB severity (p = 0.708). No variables could explain ICB severity in the non-agonist group. Our task-derived measures of impulse control have the potential to predict ICB severity in people with Parkinson’s and warrant further investigation to determine whether they can be used to monitor ICB changes over time. The DGRS appears better suited to predicting the incidence, rather than severity, of ICBs on agonist medication.
Embodied decision biases: individually stable across different tasks?
Authors: Grießbach Eric , Raßbach Philipp , Herbort Oliver , Cañal-Bruland Rouwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn everyday life, action and decision-making often run in parallel. Action-based models argue that action and decision-making strongly interact and, more specifically, that action can bias decision-making. This embodied decision bias is thought to originate from changes in motor costs and/or cognitive crosstalk. Recent research confirmed embodied decision biases for different tasks including walking and manual movements. Yet, whether such biases generalize within individuals across different tasks remains to be determined. To test this, we used two different decision-making tasks that have independently been shown to reliably produce embodied decision biases. In a within-participant design, participants performed two tasks in a counterbalanced fashion: (i) a walking paradigm for which it is known that motor costs systematically influence reward decisions, and (ii) a manual movement task in which motor costs and cognitive crosstalk have been shown to impact reward decisions. In both tasks, we successfully replicated the predicted embodied decision biases. However, there was no evidence that the strength of the biases correlated between tasks. Hence, our findings do not confirm that embodied decision biases transfer between tasks. Future research is needed to examine whether this lack of transfer may be due to different causes underlying the impact of motor costs on decisions and the impact of cognitive crosstalk or task-specific differences.
Advancing Use of DEXA Scans to Quantitatively and Qualitatively Evaluate Lateral Spinal Curves, for Preliminary Identification of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Ng P. T. T. , Straker L. , Tucker K. , Izatt M. T. , Claus A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is an emerging screening method for identifying likely adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Using DEXA in an unbiased population sample (the Raine Study), we aimed to report the inter-rater reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC95) for scoliosis curve angle measurement, identify likely AIS prevalence, and the concordance between reported AIS diagnosis and DEXA-identified likely AIS. Scoliosis curve angles were measured using the modified Ferguson method on DEXA scans (n = 1238) at age 20 years. For curve angle inter-rater reliability, two examiners measured angles (6–40°) on 41 scans. Likely, AIS was determined with quantitative and qualitative criteria (modified Ferguson angles ≥ 10° and expert review of spinal curves).The inter-rater reliability for scoliosis curve angle measurement was good–excellent (ICC: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71–0.89; p < 0.001), and MDC95 was 6.2°. The prevalence of likely AIS was 2.1% (26/1238). Diagnosis of AIS was reported despite little or no scoliosis curve (< 3.8°) for 20 participants (1.6%), and diagnosis of AIS was not reported despite scoliosis curve ≥ 10° for 11 participants (0.9%). Results support the use of modified Ferguson method to measure scoliosis curve angles on DEXA. There is potential utility for using a combination of quantitative measurement and qualitative criteria to evaluate DEXA images, to identify likely AIS for reporting prevalence. Without formal school screening, the analysis of DEXA in this population sample suggested that relying on current health professional diagnosis alone could result in 2.5% of this cohort being at risk of false positive diagnosis or delay in necessary management due to non-diagnosis of AIS.