bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not just flowering time: a resurrection approach shows floral attraction traits are changing over time
Authors: Bishop Sasha G D , Chang Shu-Mei , Baucom Regina S 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContemporary anthropogenic changes in climate and landscape form a complex set of selective pressures acting on natural systems, yet, in many systems, we lack information about both whether and how organisms may adapt to these changes. In plants, research has focused on climate-induced changes in phenology and the resultant potential for disruption of plant-pollinator interactions, however, there remains a paucity of knowledge regarding how other pollinator-mediated traits may be involved in the adaptive response. Here, we use resurrection experiments to investigate the phenotypic basis of adaptation in a mixed-mating system plant, the common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea). Specifically, we measure temporal and spatial changes in traits grouped into three categories relevant to plant-pollinator interactions - floral morphology, floral rewards, and floral phenology. We show a significant temporal increase in corolla size and shift to earlier flowering times, as well as a potential for increased investment in floral rewards, all of which are driven primarily by populations at more northern latitudes. Additionally, we find evidence for directional selection on floral morphology and phenology and evidence of balancing selection acting on anther-stigma distance. Overall, these results show an adaptive response in line with greater investment in pollinator attraction rather than self-pollination and fine-scale spatial differences in adaptive potential.
Natural disturbances as drivers of tipping points in forest ecosystems under climate change – implications for adaptive management
Authors: Thom Dominik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs climate continues to change, disturbances may increasingly navigate forest ecosystems towards tipping points, causing irreversible state shifts and a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. In this review, I elaborate the Special Issue topic ‘Natural disturbances as tipping points of forest ecosystems under climate change’ featured by Forestry and suggest a suit of adaptive measures to mitigate increasing disturbances and their impacts on forest ecosystems. The Special Issue contains seven case studies assessing drought, fire, wind and bark beetle disturbances in Europe, North America and Africa. Despite high severities and/or frequencies, disturbances have not yet induced a shift of the investigated forest ecosystems towards an alternative state. Instead, forests have shown high resistance, resilience or both. For instance, one case study reveals that short-interval fires in European beech forests may not even significantly alter tree species composition due to the high resprouting ability of beech. Yet, other case studies identify distinct differences in resilience amongst ecoregions, and indicate that climate change and disturbance interactions might tip the future carbon balance of forests from sink to source. Many forest ecosystems are likely able to cope with future increases in disturbance activity to some degree. However, tipping points might vary across ecosystems dominated by different disturbance agents. While wind and bark beetles mainly affect canopy trees, fire and drought also directly impair tree regeneration, thus reducing the capacity of ecosystems to recover and reorganize. Hence, forest ecosystems in which fire and drought are the dominant disturbance agents might approach tipping points earlier than forests dominated by other agents if disturbance activity continues to increase. Several proactive and reactive adaptive measures are available to mitigate increasing disturbances, but more research is needed to develop robust and region-specific strategies to prevent tipping points in forest ecosystems.
Genetic Parameter Estimates from a Polymix Breeding Population ofPinus taedaL.
Authors: Alan Murat , Payn Kitt , Mckeand Steve , Isik Fikret 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEstimation of genetic parameters from progeny testing is essential for many important decisions in forest tree breeding. In this study, we estimated heritabilities, trait-trait genetic correlations, and genotype by environment (GxE) interactions using a large multi-environmental data set of Pinus taeda L. in the southern United States. In the study, 284 parents were pollinated with a pollen mix and were field tested in four different test series. A total of twenty tests (two to seven tests per series) were established using randomized complete block design with single tree plots. Half-sib family-mean heritability estimates within individual test series varied considerably for all the traits. Pooled estimates of half-sib family-mean heritability estimates across series were 0.81 for fusiform rust incidence; they were relatively lower for tree height (0.68), diameter at breast height (DBH; 0.66), and stem straightness (0.58). Genetic correlations between pairs of traits were low except for height and diameter, which had a high genetic correlation (0.79). Additive genetic correlations between pairs of sites within test series (as a measure of GxE) varied. The pooled estimates ranged between 0.65 (DBH) to 0.80 (fusiform rust). The results suggest that polymix mating is efficient for parental selection in Pinus taeda L. and for deployment in the seed orchards.Study Implications: This study focused on genetic variation in the Piedmont breeding population of Pinus taeda L. in the United States. The Piedmont population was developed for more inland and colder regions of the species. Fusiform rust disease incidence of pine species of southeastern United States is a major threat to pine plantations. Understanding the level of genetic control on disease outcome is vital to develop sound breeding strategies and recommend deployment practices to mitigate the economic loss of landowners. The results provide valuable information to breeders to select disease-resistant genotypes to breed and put into seed orchards to mass-produce stock for planting.
Effects of Brain Maintenance and Cognitive Reserve on Age-Related Decline in Three Cognitive Abilities
Authors: Gazes Yunglin , Lee Seonjoo , Fang Zhiqian , Mensing Ashley , Noofoory Diala , Hidalgo Nazario Geneva , Babukutty Reshma , Chen Bryan B , Habeck Christian , Stern Yaakov 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Age-related cognitive changes can be influenced by both brain maintenance (BM), which refers to the relative absence over time of changes in neural resources or neuropathologic changes, and cognitive reserve (CR), which encompasses brain processes that allow for better-than-expected behavioral performance given the degree of life-course-related brain changes. This study evaluated the effects of age, BM, and CR on longitudinal changes over 2 visits, 5 years apart, in 3 cognitive abilities that capture most of age-related variability.

Methods
Participants included 254 healthy adults aged 20–80 years at recruitment. Potential BM was estimated using whole-brain cortical thickness and white matter mean diffusivity at both visits. Education and intelligence quotient (IQ; estimated with American National Adult Reading Test) were tested as moderating factors for cognitive changes in the 3 cognitive abilities.

Results
Consistent with BM—after accounting for age, sex, and baseline performance—individual differences in the preservation of mean diffusivity and cortical thickness were independently associated with relative preservation in the 3 abilities. Consistent with CR—after accounting for age, sex, baseline performance, and structural brain changes—higher IQ, but not education, was associated with reduced 5-year decline in reasoning (β = 0.387, p = .002), and education was associated with reduced decline in speed (β = 0.237, p = .039).

Discussion
These results demonstrate that both CR and BM can moderate cognitive changes in healthy aging and that the 2 mechanisms can make differential contributions to preserved cognition.
Difficult conversations concerning identity and difference: diverse approaches and perspectives
Authors: Soliz Jordan , Ramasubramanian Srividya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis essay is an introduction to the special issue on “Difficult Conversations Concerning Identity and Difference.” The essay begins with our argument that inquiries into difficult conversations are important as these interactions are key to addressing social inequities, creating and/or maintaining community and relational solidarity, amplifying voices of marginalized populations and/or diverse experiences, and enacting social change. Following this, we introduce the articles in the special issue highlighting the theoretical frameworks and methodological pluralism across the various relational and social contexts represented in the research (e.g., health care, higher education, community organizations, personal relationships). To complement the implications discussed by the authors in the special issue articles, we conclude the essay with additional questions that scholars and practitioners should consider as we move forward in research, teaching, and translational work on difficult conversations.
Oral Vancomycin Induced and Maintained Clinical and Endoscopic Remission in Ulcerative Colitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Post-liver Transplantation
Authors: Almomen Hisham S , Al-Bawardy Badr 
Published: March 2023

Lay Summary
We present a case of a 34-year-old man with primary sclerosing cholangitis and associated ulcerative colitis refractory to multiple advanced therapies who achieved clinical and endoscopic remission with oral vancomycin therapy.
New Chromatographic Techniques for Sensitive Mebendazole Quantification in the Presence of Degraded Product, Commercial Tablets Application, and Greenness Assessment
Authors: Ahmed Amal B , Batakoushy Hany A , Abdallah Fatma F 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundBefore it spreads to other tissues, mebendazole (MBZ), a highly effective broad-spectrum anthelmintic, is used to treat worm infestations caused by roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, threadworms (pinworms), and the gastrointestinal form of trichinosis.ObjectiveThe development of new methods for sensitive quantification of MBZ in the presence of its degraded product is the main objective of the presented research.MethodValidated chromatographic techniques with high sensitivity (HPTLC and UHPLC) are used. The HPTLC method was adopted on silica gel HPTLC F254 plates using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (3: 8: 0.05, by volume) as a developing system. Furthermore, the UHPLC method is a green isocratic method with a mobile phase containing methanol and 0.1% sodium lauryl sulphate (20:80, v/v).ResultsThe suggested chromatographic methods are greener than the reported ones in terms of the used greenness assessment methods. To validate the developed methods, International Council on Harmonization (ICH/Q2) guidelines were followed. Successful application of the proposed methods was revealed by the simultaneous analysis of MBZ and its major degradation product, 2-amino-5-benzoylbenzimidazole (ABB). The linear ranges were 0.2–3.0, 0.1–2.0 µg/band for the HPTLC method and 2.0–50, 1.0–40 µg/mL for the UHPLC method for MEB and ABB, respectively.ConclusionsThe suggested methods were used to analyze the studied drug in its commercial tablets. Both pharmacokinetic studies and quality control laboratories can make use of the suggested techniques.HighlightsGreen and accurate HPTLC and UHPLC methods for the determination of MBZ and its major degradation products.
Discretion and Favoritism in Public Procurement
Authors: Szucs Ferenc 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the consequences of bureaucratic discretion in public procurement. I exploit a Hungarian policy reform, which allows a “high-discretion” procedure below a certain contract value. At the threshold, I document large discontinuities both in procurement outcomes and in the density of contract values, which indicates that buyers manipulate contract values to avoid auctions. I combine the reform and a structural model to find that discretion increases prices and results in the selection of less productive contractors. I also show that high discretion benefits firms with connections to the party of the central government. I use the structural model to document that public buyers are willing to sacrifice more contract value to increase their discretion if more connected firms are operating in the market. I also use the model to simulate the effects of counterfactual procurement thresholds on different procurement outcomes.
Teaching Mammalogy in the 21st century: advances in undergraduate education
Authors: Flaherty Elizabeth A , Lanier Hayley C , Varner Johanna , Duggan Jennifer M , Beckmann Sean , Yahnke Christopher J , Erb Liesl P , Patrick Lorelei E , Dizney Laurie , Munroe Karen E , Connors Patrice K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the past 30 years, leaders in undergraduate education have called for transformations in science pedagogy to reflect the process of science as well as to develop professional skills, apply new and emerging technologies, and to provide more hands-on experience. These recommendations suggest teaching strategies that incorporate active learning methods that consistently increase learning, conceptual understanding, integration of subject knowledge with skill development, retention of undergraduate students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors, and inclusivity. To gain insight into current practices and pedagogy we surveyed members of the American Society of Mammalogists in 2021. The survey consisted of both fixed-response questions (e.g., multiple-choice or Likert-scale) and open-ended questions, each of which asked instructors about the structure and content of a Mammalogy or field Mammalogy course. In these courses, we found that lecturing was still a primary tool for presenting course content or information (x¯= 65% of the time); nonetheless, most instructors reported incorporating other teaching strategies ranging from pausing lectures for students to ask questions to incorporating active learning methods, such as debates or case studies. Most instructors reported incorporating skill development and inclusive teaching practices, and 64% reported that they perceived a need to change or update their Mammalogy courses or their teaching approaches. Overall, our results indicate that Mammalogy instructors have a strong interest in training students to share their appreciation for mammals and are generally engaged in efforts to increase the effectiveness of their teaching through the incorporation of more student-centered approaches to teaching and learning.
Comparing GPS collar and fecal sampling using detection dogs for habitat selection analysis in brocket deer (Mazama)
Authors: Peres Pedro H F , Grotta-Neto Francisco , Nascimento Guilherme B , Piovezan Ubiratan , Duarte José M B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Habitat use data are key to understanding species ecology and extinction risk. However, such information is lacking for the elusive deer species of Neotropical region. In this context, fecal sampling has emerged as an alternative tool, in which development and evaluation are essential to obtaining unbiased ecological data. We aimed to compare data from GPS-tracked animals and fecal sampling using scat detection dogs to evaluate the noninvasive performance of this method in habitat selection analysis. We carried out the study in the Brazilian Pantanal, where we monitored six free-living Gray Brocket Deer (Mazama gouazoubira) with GPS collars for 1 year (average of 584 GPS locations/animal) and collected fecal samples (n = 649) simultaneously along a set of transects designed for a scat detection dog survey. We evaluated habitat selection using the chi-square test in an availability/utilization analysis and submitted both data to a bootstrap procedure to assess its precision and accuracy with increasing sample size. GPS data indicated habitat selection at a fine utilization scale, in which savanna and cerrado were preferred and open grassland habitat was avoided. Exclusive fecal sampling also indicated habitat selection, revealing the preference for cerrado and avoidance of open grassland. The GPS and fecal habitat utilization estimates did not differ significantly and fecal sampling increased precision and accuracy with increased sample size, reaching minimal values once n = 200 which should be considered a sufficient survey effort. The similarity between the two methods suggested the reliability of fecal sampling, as long as a standardized sampling design is used. This noninvasive sampling framework can provide previously unavailable ecological data for threatened Neotropical deer as well as other elusive species.
In vivo [18F]THK-5351 imaging detected reactive astrogliosis in argyrophilic grain disease with comorbid pathology: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Kobayashi Ryota , Nakamura Tadaho , Naganuma Fumito , Harada Ryuichi , Morioka Daichi , Kanoto Masafumi , Furumoto Shozo , Kudo Yukitsuka , Kabasawa Takanobu , Otani Koichi , Futakuchi Mitsuru , Kawakatsu Shinobu , Okamura Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Quantification of in vivo reactive astrogliosis, which represents neural inflammation and remodeling in the brain, is an emerging methodology for the evaluation of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. [18F]THK-5351 is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), a molecular marker of reactive astrogliosis. We performed in vivo [18F]THK-5351 PET in a patient who at autopsy was found to have argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) with comorbid pathology to visualize reactive astrogliosis for the first time. We aimed to validate an imaging-pathology correlation using [18F]THK-5351 PET and the autopsy brain. The patient, a 78-year-old man, was pathologically diagnosed with AGD combined with limbic-predominant age-related transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa encephalopathy and Lewy body disease without Alzheimer disease-related neuropathological changes. Reactive astrogliosis in the postmortem brain was abundant in the inferior temporal gyrus, insular gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and ambient gyrus where premortem [18F]THK-5351 signals were high. We found a proportional correlation between the amount of reactive astrogliosis in the postmortem brain and the in vivo [18F]THK-5351 standardized uptake value ratio (r = 0.8535, p = 0.0004). These results indicated that reactive astrogliosis in AGD with comorbid pathology could be identified and quantified by in vivo MAO-B imaging.
Modelling the large and dynamically growing bipartite network of German patents and inventors
Authors: Fritz Cornelius , De Nicola Giacomo , Kevork Sevag , Harhoff Dietmar , Kauermann Göran 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo explore the driving forces behind innovation, we analyse the dynamic bipartite network of all inventors and patents registered within the field of electrical engineering in Germany in the past two decades. To deal with the sheer size of the data, we decompose the network by exploiting the fact that most inventors tend to only stay active for a relatively short period. We thus propose a Temporal Exponential Random Graph Model with time-varying actor set and sufficient statistics mirroring substantial expectations for our analysis. Our results corroborate that inventor characteristics and team formation are essential to the dynamics of invention.
Post-partum paraplegia following spinal anaesthesia: a report of two rare cases
Authors: Hussain Tosaddeque , Ghosh Indranil , Gerber Christopher , Basu Anindya , Tiwari Mona 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPregnancy and lumbar puncture are rare instances that can precipitate sudden onset paraplegia in patients with otherwise slow-growing intradural tumours. Surgeons and anaesthesiologists should be aware of the etiological factors leading to pregnancy- and delivery-related rapid tumour growth and its complications. Lumbar puncture-related complications leading to acute precipitation of neurological symptoms must be addressed promptly for favourable outcome in such patients. We describe the report of two patients who developed acute onset paraparesis after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Both were found to be having undiagnosed spinal tumours and managed surgically. We recommend urgent MRI in cases of acute onset non-resolving paraparesis in the peripartum period, for timely diagnosis and management of this rare clinical entity.
Minimally invasive surgical resection of a large primary pulmonary hydatid cyst: a thoracoscopic approach
Authors: Zhu Alison , Tan Charis , Meredith Graham , Chard Richard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPulmonary hydatid disease is a rare parasitic disease in Australia with few reported cases. The mainstay of treatment in pulmonary hydatid disease is surgical resection followed by medical treatment with benzimidazoles to reduce the risk of recurrence. We present a case of successful resection of a large primary pulmonary hydatid cyst via minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery approach in a 65-year-old gentleman with incidental hepatopulmonary hydatid disease.
Severe constipation causing ischaemic stercoral perforation of sigmoid colon
Authors: Zhang Elissa Jie , Toh James Wei Tatt 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStercoral perforation is a rare but life-threatening condition that is increasingly being recognised as a sequelae of severe constipation. We present the case of a 45-year-old female who presented with stercoral perforation secondary to severe constipation related to adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer on a background of long-term antipsychotic medications. Chemotherapy-induced neutropaenia posed an additional treatment consideration in the management of sepsis associated with stercoral perforation. This case demonstrated that the morbidity and mortality from constipation especially in at risk patients cannot be underestimated.
Digital remediation and visual manipulation: Blogs as breathing spaces for Chinese tattoo wearers and enthusiasts
Authors: Li Songqing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Digital remediation increasingly plays a pivotal role in delivering political messages. This study examines postings of corporeally mediated tattoos in a China-based blog, focusing on in what sense blogs can provide a breathing or even emancipating space for Chinese tattoo wearers and enthusiasts to control the viewer’s perceptions of tattooing and negotiate long-standing stigmatized associations of tattoos there. The study analyzes 305 postings collected from the blog covering a period between 24 April 2020 and 3 May 2021, taking a quantitative approach. Methodologically, it first analyses the distribution of the signs across body parts as displayed. By applying multimodal perspectives, this study also investigates photographic techniques such as distance, angle, gaze, and modality harnessed and exploited for visual manipulation during digital remediation of turning body narratives into digital narratives. Findings of the study suggest that digital remediation facilitates personal expression of tattoo wearers and photographic techniques play a critical role in introducing ready alignment of the viewer with the postings. The study thus adds quantitative inquiries to existing, mostly qualitative, studies of tattoos which usually rest on interviews with tattoo wearers, enthusiasts, and artists for an account of tattoo narratives in connection to personal expression and self-definition. Its findings would be inspiring to socially stigmatized and marginalized groups to circumvent social, cultural, and political barriers to communicate and make their stories heard to more people.