bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiazole, Isatin and Phthalimide Derivatives Tested in vivo against
Cancer Models: A Literature Review of the Last Six Years
Authors: Pinto Aline Ferreira , Nunes Janine Siqueira , Severino Martins José Eduardo , Leal Amanda Calazans , Silva Carla Cauanny Vieira Costa , da Silva Anderson José Firmino Santos , da Cruz Olímpio Daiane Santiago , da Silva Elineide Tayse Noberto , Campos Thiers Araújo , Lima Leite Ana Cristina 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Cancer is a disease characterized by the abnormal multiplication
of cells and is the second leading cause of death in the world. The search for new effective
and safe anticancer compounds is ongoing due to factors such as low selectivity, high toxicity,
and multidrug resistance. Thus, heterocyclic compounds derived from isatin, thiazole
and phthalimide that have achieved promising in vitro anticancer activity have been
tested in vivo and in clinical trials.

Objective:
This review focused on the compilation of promising data from thiazole, isatin,
and phthalimide derivatives, reported in the literature between 2015 and 2022, with in vivo
anticancer activity and clinical trials.

Methods:
A bibliographic search was carried out in the PUBMED, MEDLINE, ELSEVIER,
and CAPES PERIODIC databases, selecting relevant works for each pharmacophoric
group with in vivo antitumor activity in the last 6 years.

Results:
In our study, 68 articles that fit the scope were selected and critically analyzed.
These articles were organized considering the type of antitumor activity and their year of
publication. Some compounds reported here demonstrated potent antitumor activity
against several tumor types.

Conclusion:
This review allowed us to highlight works that reported promising structures
for the treatment of various cancer types and also demonstrated that the privileged structures
thiazole, isatin and phthalimide are important in the design of new syntheses and
molecular optimization of compounds with antitumor activity.
PAFAH1B3 Regulates Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell
Proliferation and Metastasis by Affecting the EMT
Authors: Jiang Wenjie , Quan Ruida , Bhandari Adheesh , Hirachan Suzita , Chen Chengze , Lv Shihui , Zheng Chen 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is currently the prevalent type of endocrine
malignancy worldwide, having an incidence of around 15.5 per 100,000 people.
However, the underlying mechanisms of TC tumorigenesis remain to be further elucidated.

Methods:
Performing the database analyses, Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase
1B3 (PAFAH1B3) was found to be dysregulated in several carcinomas and might trigger
tumor occurrence as well as the progression of TC. Clinicopathological information of patients
from our local validated cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort also
confirmed this hypothesis

Results:
Our present research showed that elevated expression of PAFAH1B3 has a close
association with worse behavior in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We utilized the
small interfering RNA to obtain the PAFAH1B3-transfected PTC cell lines, including BCPAP,
FTC-133, and TPC-1, and then further examined their biological function in vitro.
Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis suggested that PAFAH1B3 is implicated with
epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Afterward, the western blotting assays aimed
at EMT-related proteins were performed.

Conclusion:
In short, our results revealed that silencing PAFAH1B3 could hinder the capabilities
of proliferation, migration, and invasion of PTC cells. Increasing expression of
PAFAH1B3 might be of quintessence with lymph node metastasis by triggering EMT in
PTC patients
One-Pot Multicomponent Reactions in Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Ayvaz Aslıhan , Demirbaş Sinem Gorkem , Demirbaş Ahmet , Demirbaş Neslihan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:The increasing environmental pollution and its detrimental impact on the ecosystem made scientists develop new chemical strategies involving eco-friendly chemicals, solvents, catalysts, atom-economical procedures, and alternative energy sources. Among these, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are primarily low-melting mixtures of quaternary ammonium salt and hydrogen-bond acceptors. Low toxicity, easy preparation, low cost, biodegradability, low vapor pressure, and recyclability are the main advantages of DESs. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are efficient procedures for generating new libraries with high structural complexity. MCRs can give one product from at least three components in a single operation with high bond-forming efficiency, shortness, and structural diversity. Compared with conventional methodologies, the structural diversity, the convergent and atom economic character, the easy applicability of a one-pot operation, the accessibility to complex molecules, the minimized waste formation, and high selectivity are the main advantages of one-pot multicomponent reactions. The application of MCRs in eutectic solvents not only simplifies procedures but also displays more positive effects on the protection of the ecosystem.
Network Toxicology Prediction and Molecular Docking-based Strategy to Explore the Potential Toxicity Mechanism of Metformin Chlorination
Byproducts in Drinking Water
Authors: Zhang Gui-Hong , Liu Hongwei , Liu Mei-Hua , Liu Yang-Cheng , Wang Jia-Qi , Wang Yang , Wang Xin , Xiang Zheng , Liu Wei 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Metformin (MET), a worldwide used drug for treating type 2 diabetes but
not metabolized by humans, has been found with the largest amount in the aquatic environment.
Two MET chlorination byproducts, including Y and C, were transformed into drinking water during
chlorination. However, the potential toxicity of the byproducts in hepatotoxicity and reproduction
toxicity remains unclear.

Methods:
The TOPKAT database predicted the toxicological properties of metformin disinfection
by-products. The targets of metformin disinfection by-products were mainly obtained from the
PharmMapper database, and then the targets of hepatotoxicity and reproductive toxicity were
screened from GeneCards. The overlapping targets of toxic component targets and the hepatotoxicity
or reproduction toxicity targets were regarded as the key targets. Then, the STRING database
analyzed the key target to construct a protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and GO, and
KEGG analysis was performed by the DAVID platform. Meanwhile, the PPI network and compound-
target network were constructed by Cytoscape 3.9.1. Finally, Discovery Studio 2019 software
was used for molecular docking verification of the two toxic compounds and the core genes.

Results:
Y and C exhibited hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity evaluated by
TOPKAT. There were 22 potential targets relating to compound Y and hepatotoxicity and reproduction
toxicity and 14 potential targets relating to compound C and hepatotoxicity and reproduction
toxicity. PPI network analysis showed that SRC, MAPK14, F2, PTPN1, IL2, MMP3, HRAS,
and RARA might be the key targets; the KEGG analysis indicated that compounds Y and C caused
hepatotoxicity through Hepatitis B, Pathways in cancer, Chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen
species, Epstein-Barr virus infection; compound Y and C caused reproduction toxicity through
GnRH signaling pathway, Endocrine resistance, Prostate cancer, Progesterone-mediated oocyte
maturation. Molecular docking results showed that 2 compounds could fit in the binding pocket of
the 7 hub genes.

Conclusion:
This study preliminarily revealed the potential toxicity and possible toxicity mechanism
of metformin disinfection by-products and provided a new idea for follow-up research.
Structural Maintenance of Chromosome Protein 4 Promotes the Progression
of Cardia Adenocarcinoma via Regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling
Pathway
Authors: Zhu Mengqi , Zhang Xinxin , Gao Kaiji , Zhang Lingmei , Feng Xiaojia , Wang Hui , Li Jing , Jia Jianguang 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Structural maintenance of chromosome protein 4 (SMC4) is crucial for
chromosome assembly and separation, but its role and mechanism in cardia adenocarcinoma (CA)
are unknown.

Methods:
SMC4 expression levels were initially detected by protein profiling in 20 pairs of CA
tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The level of SMC4 expression in CA cells was then
evaluated using a western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 and clone formation
tests. Scratch and transwell tests were used to investigate cell migration as well as invasion,
while through the flow cytometry, we examined the cell apoptosis and progression of the cell
cycle. The regulatory effects of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Wnt/β-
catenin pathway were investigated using western blot. A tumorigenesis experiment was used to investigate
the influence of SMC4 on tumor development in nude mice.

Results:
This study showed overexpression of SMC4 in CA tissues and cells. Knockdown of
SMC4 can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion, stimulate cell apoptosis,
induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase of CA cells, and inhibit tumor growth in vivo. In addition,
down-regulation of SMC4 resulted in decreased expression of Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, CDK4,
CDK6, β-catenin, phosphorylated GSK-3β, N-cadherin, and Vimentin, with an increased level of
proteins, i.e., Bax, cleaved-caspase3, and E-cadherin. When SMC4 was overexpressed, these
effects were reversed.

Conclusion:
SMC4 can facilitate the biological progression of CA, suggesting that SMC4 could be
a potential therapeutic target for the disease.
Serotonin and Depression: Scrutiny of New Targets for Future Anti-
Depressant Drug Development
Authors: Pannu Arzoo , K. Goyal Ramesh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
The “serotonin hypothesis of depression” is approximately fifty years old, and in spite
of vast literature, the exact role of serotonin in depression pathophysiology is still unclear, as
whether a lower serotonin level causes depression or depression causes a reduction in serotonin level
has become a tough challenge for researchers to understand the actual involvement of serotonin
in depression. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies have illustrated the multi-faceted signalling
action of serotonin in depression and vouch for the significant or unavoidable role of serotonin in
depression. In this review, the journey of the serotonin hypothesis of depression from the 1950s to
the present time has been analysed to understand the serotonin hypothesis of depression and investigate
the new molecular targets for the development of new future anti- depressants. The old and
new theories of possible cellular mechanisms found to be involved in the pathophysiology of major
depression or stress, such as polymorphism of serotonin transporters, enzyme modulating serotonergic
activity, reduction in the level of serotonin and involvement of different sub-types of receptors,
have been discussed in the respective review. Thus, in this review, the new signature targets to increase
serotonin levels have been identified, which would help the researcher in the drug development
of new faster-acting antidepressants.
microRNA-based Genetic Therapy in Leukemia: Properties, Delivery,
and Experimental Models
Authors: Zanette Dalila Luciola , Nóbrega Aoki Mateus , Prado Nayra Oliveira , Kusma Wosniaki Denise , Maria  Marin Anelis , Mathias Carolina , Soligo Sanchuki Heloisa Bruna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects white blood cells. In this disease, immature blood
cells undergo genetic mutations, leading to excessive replication and reduced cell death compared to
healthy cells. In cancer, there may be the activation of oncogenes and the deactivation of tumor suppressor
genes that control certain cellular functions. Despite the undeniable contribution to the patient's
recovery, conventional cancer treatments may have some not-so-beneficial effects. In this case,
gene therapy appears as an alternative to classical treatments. Gene therapy delivers genetic material
to cells to replace or modify dysfunctional genes, a safe method for neoplasms. One of the types of
nucleic acids explored in gene therapy is microRNA (miRNA), a group of endogenous, non-proteincoding,
small single-stranded RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression, cell division,
differentiation, angiogenesis, migration, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. This review aims to bring
together the most recent advances found in the literature on cancer gene therapy based on microRNAs
in the oncological context, focusing on leukemia.
Echinococcus granulosus as a Promising Therapeutic Agent against Triplenegative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sadr Soheil , Borji Hassan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths in women, with approximately 1.2 million new cases per year. Current treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. However, the non-selective cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents often leads to severe side effects, while drug resistance can worsen patient outcomes. Therefore, the development of more effective and less toxic anticancer drugs is a critical need. This study aimed to review the literature on Echinococcus granulosus antigens with anticancer potential against triple-negative breast cancer. Recent studies have suggested that certain parasite antigens may have potential anticancer effects. Specifically, research has shown that echinococcosis, a disease caused by the parasitic cestode Echinococcus granulosus, may have a protective effect against cancer. These findings offer new insights into the potential use of E. granulosus antigens in the development of novel cancer therapies and tumor cell vaccines. The findings of recent studies suggested that E. granulosus antigens may have the potential to be used in effective and less toxic cancer treatments. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind the anticancer effects of these antigens and develop new cancer therapies and vaccines
Risk Factors for Unfavorable Glycemic Control Trajectory in Type-2
Diabetes Mellitus: A Community-based Longitudinal Study in Urbanslums
of Central India
Authors: Krishna N Subba , Sharma Shweta , Lahiri Anuja , Sai Madhu , Kesri Shashwat , Pakhare Abhijit , Kokane Arun M , Joshi Rajnish , Joshi Ankur 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease, which requires optimal glycemic control to prevent its ensuing vascular complications. Pathway to optimal glycemic control
in T2DM has a complex socio-behavioral construct, especially in vulnerable populations, like slum
dwellers, who have reduced health-care access and lower prioritization of health needs.

Objective:
The study aimed to map trajectories of glycemic control amongst individuals with
T2DM living in urban slums and identify key determinants associated with unfavourable
glycaemic trajectory.

Methods:
This study was a community-based longitudinal study conducted in an urban slum of
Bhopal in Central India. Adult patients diagnosed with T2DM and on treatment for more than one
year were included. All 326 eligible participants underwent a baseline interview, which captured
sociodemographic, personal behavior, medication adherence, morbidity profile, treatment modality, anthropometric and biochemical measurements (HbA1c). Another 6-month follow-up interview
was conducted to record anthropometric measurements, HbA1c and treatment modality. Four
mixed effect logistic regression models (through theory-driven variable selections) were created
with glycemic status as dependent variable and usage of insulin was considered as random effect.

Results:
A total of 231 (70.9%) individuals had unfavorable glycemic control trajectory (UGCT),
and only 95 (29.1%) had a favorable trajectory. Individuals with UGCT were more likely to be
women, with lower educational status, non-vegetarian food preference, consumed tobacco, had
poor drug adherence, and were on insulin. The most parsimonious model identified female gender
(2.44,1.33-4.37), tobacco use (3.80,1.92 to 7.54), and non-vegetarian food preference (2.29,1.27 to
4.13) to be associated with UGCT. Individuals with good medication adherence (0.35,0.13 to
0.95) and higher education status (0.37,0.16 to 0.86) were found to be protective in nature.

Conclusion:
Unfavorable glycemic control trajectory seems to be an inescapable consequence in
vulnerable settings. The identified predictors through this longitudinal study may offer a cue for
recognizing a rational response at societal level and adopting strategy formulation thereof.
Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the Spleen: Radiological
Findings and Radiological-pathological Correlation
Authors: Wu Qingyang , Wang Mingliang , Zhou Ming , Feimiao  , Ni Jianming , Yin Qihua 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The objective of this study was to describe the CT and MRI features of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen with pathologic correlation.

Materials and Methods:
Ten patients with surgically resected and pathologically confirmed SANTs were included. Clinical history was reviewed, and gross pathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings were recorded. CT and MRI examinations were evaluated by two radiologists.

Results:
Patients included seven men and three women, with a mean age of 42.9±16.7 years. Pathologic features of SANTs involved multiple angiomatous
nodules in a radiating pattern with a central stellate fibrous scar and evidence of hemosiderin deposition. 9 cases showed a lobulated demarcated
margin, 8 cases a slight hypoattenuating, 1 isoattenuating, and 1 case with two lesions demonstrated a slight hyperattenuating margin, respectively.
Multiple scattered punctate calcifications were involved in 2 cases. 5 cases manifested hypointensity on in-phase imaging, 1 iso-intensity, and 4
iso-hypointensity on out-of-phase imaging. Progressive and centripetal enhancement were exhibited in 10 cases, spoke-wheel pattern in 3 cases,
and nodular enhancement in 4 cases, respectively. The central fibrous scar was identified in 8 cases during delayed enhancement.

Conclusion:
Characteristics of SANTs on CT/MRI reflected the underlying pathology. Hypointensity on DWI and T2WI, and change of signal on T1 chemical-shift imaging were found to be due to hemosiderin deposition and fibrous tissue. Typical features were a solitary, round, lobulated mass with a fibrous scar. Progressive and centripetal enhancement, spoke-wheel pattern, nodular enhancement, and delayed enhancement of central fibrous scar were observed.
Does Morphology of the Shoulder Joint Play a Role in the Etiology of Rotator
Cuff Tear?
Authors: Çağlar Ceyhun , Akçaalan Serhat , Akkaya Mustafa , Doğan Metin 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The etiology of rotator cuff tears (RCTs) have been investigated for years and many underlying causes have been identified. Shoulder joint morphology is one of the extrinsic causes of RCTs.

Aim:
Morphometric measurements on MRI sections determined which parameters are an important indicator of RCT in patients with shoulder pain. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors in the etiology of RCTs by evaluating the shoulder joint morphology with the help of previously defined radiological parameters.

Methods:
Between January 2019-December 2020, 408 patients (40-70 years old) who underwent shoulder MRI and met the criteria were included in the
study. There were 202 patients in the RCT group and 206 patients in the control group. Acromion type, acromial index (AI), critical shoulder angle
(CSA), acromiohumeral distance (AHD), lateral acromial angle (LAA), acromial angulation (AA), acromion-greater tuberosity impingement index
(ATI), and glenoid version angle (GVA) were measured from the MRI images of the patients.

Results:
AI (0.64 vs. 0.60, P = 0.003) CSA (35.3° vs. 32.4°, P = 0.004), ATI (0.91 vs. 0.83, P < 0.001), and AA (13.6° vs. 11.9°, P = 0.011) values were higher in the RCT group than in the control group and the difference was significant. AHD (AHD: 8.1 mm vs. 9.9 mm, P < 0.001), LAA (77.2° vs. 80.9°, P = 0.004) and GVA (-3.9° vs. -2.5°, P < 0.001) values were lower in the RCT group than in the control group, and again the difference was significant. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff values were 0.623 for AI and 0.860 for ATI.

Conclusion:
Acromion type, AI, CSA, AHD, LAA, AA, ATI, and GVA are suitable radiological parameters to evaluate shoulder joint morphology. High AI, CSA, AA, ATI, GVA and low AHD and LAA are risk factors for RCT.
Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Post-processing for the Brain
Tumor-related Epilepsy Study
Authors: George Reuben , Chow Li Sze , Lim Kheng Seang , Audrey Christine , Ramli Norlisah , Tan Li-Kuo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
20% of brain tumor patients present with seizures at the onset of diagnosis, while a further 25-40% develop epileptic seizures as the tumor progresses. Tumor-related epilepsy (TRE) is a condition in which the tumor causes recurring, unprovoked seizures. The occurrence of TRE differs between patients, along with the effectiveness of treatment methods. Therefore, determining the tumor properties that correlate with epilepsy can help guide TRE treatment. This article reviews the MRI sequences and image post-processing algorithms in the study of TRE. It focuses on epilepsy caused by glioma tumors because it is the most common type of malignant brain tumor and it has a high prevalence of epilepsy. In correlational TRE studies, conventional MRI sequences and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) are used to extract variables related to the tumor radiological characteristics, called imaging factors. Image post-processing is used to correlate the imaging factors with the incidence of epilepsy. The earlier studies of TRE used univariate and multivariate analysis to study the correlations between specific variables and incidence of epilepsy. Later, studies used voxel-based morphometry and voxel lesion-symptom mapping. Radiomics has been recently used to post-process the images for the study of TRE. This article will discuss the limitation of the existing imaging modalities and post-processing algorithms. It ends with some suggestions and challenges for future TRE studies.