bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purpose, subject matter and objectives of forensic medicine
Authors: Moiseyenko O. S. 
Published: September 2023

It has been established that forensic medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the application of medical knowledge and methods to resolve legal issues, in particular those related to death, injury and other types of violence. The main purpose of forensic medicine is to examine the bodies of the dead or injured in order to determine the cause of death or injury, as well as to determine the possible criminal element in the act. To do this, forensic physicians use methods of body examination, evidence collection and expert analysis.
It has been generalised that forensic medical examination as a subject of forensic medicine is a scientific and practical research carried out by specially trained specialists with the aim of providing an objective assessment of medical issues in cases brought before a court. This examination may include determining the causes and circumstances of death, assessing injuries, determining the severity and possible consequences of injuries, examining the patient's medical history, and other medical issues that may be relevant to the resolution of court cases. The results of a forensic medical examination may be used as evidence in a court of law.
It has been stated that the main tasks of forensic medicine as a branch of science are: study of human physiology and pathology, as well as the relationship of these processes with the knowledge of the cause of death and other traumatic injuries; development and improvement of methods for detection and assessment of traumatic injuries and their consequences, as well as establishment of the relationship between trauma and health consequences; detection of the impact of physical and chemical factors on human health, as well as establishment of the causes and consequences of the impact of these factors; determining the state of human health in the context of criminal investigation, including assessment of the state of alcohol or drug intoxication and its impact on human behaviour and actions; studying the relationship between the state of health and the crime committed, as well as establishing the facts of the presence and nature of injuries of victims.
Topical issues of drug addiction criminological characteristics in Ukraine
Authors: Lukianenko S. V. , Pribytkova N. O. 
Published: September 2023

It has been noted that drug addiction is a person’s mental and physical dependence on narcotic substances that occurs as a result of systematic drug use. In the course of drug addiction, a pathological dependence on any narcotic substance develops, which is accompanied by physical and mental addiction to the drug, which in turn negatively affects the psychophysiological functioning of the body.
It has been argued that the key problems of drug addiction in Ukraine are the following: socio-economic problems in the country; insufficient preventive work among the population; perception of drugs as a means of social interaction; lack of alternatives in solving personal problems; unproductive justice system; high level of corruption; low level of self-awareness; open borders.
It has been stated that the criminological characteristic of drug addiction in Ukraine can be revealed through a combination of the following factors: drug addiction is a factor that contributes to the commission of crimes in order to obtain funds to buy drugs; drug addiction causes changes in the behaviour and thinking of the addict, and therefore may lead to an increase in the likelihood of committing crimes; it may be the cause of violence or other crimes, as it promotes aggressive behaviour and reduces inhibition; it reduces the social adaptation of the addict, which increases the likelihood that the person will become a criminal; drug addiction can cause a loss of control over one's own behaviour and a decrease in self-esteem, which, in turn, is a determining factor in crime.
It has been summarised that crime and drug addiction are directly interrelated, which requires a comprehensive approach to counteract them. To combat this problem, it is necessary not only to provide medical care for drug addicts, but also to develop social and criminal policies that will help reduce the spread of drug addiction and the number of crimes committed.
The essence and features of corruption as an object of administrative and legal influence
Authors: Muzychuk E. O. 
Published: September 2023

The article states that the formation of an understanding of the essence of corruption begins at the turn of the New Age, when the progressive thought of contemporary philosophers outlined the essence of legal behaviour, which was no longer influenced by religious dogmas.
It has been emphasised that corruption is a phenomenon specific to each country and each society, regardless of their political, economic or any other model of functioning. At the same time, the definitions contained in the reference literature differ depending on the cultural, legal, socio-economic or other peculiarities specific to a particular period of publication of a particular dictionary (reference book).
It has been noted that the presence of illegal corrupt interests among public officials of one or another level is a key source of abuse of their official powers with the aim of obtaining undue benefits or concealing the fact of receiving such benefits in the past.
Attention is focused on the fact that the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation is provided by a complex of administrative and legal means. In a broad sense, legal means are those that allow to achieve the goal of legal regulation chosen by legislation. Thus, corruption as an object of administrative influence is an illegal act, for each case of which an appropriate reaction of the state (in the form of law enforcement and anti-corruption bodies) must be applied, which consists in the legal administrative or criminal prosecution of a person.
It has been emphasized that the essence of corruption as an object of administrative and legal influence is revealed in the system of characteristic features, in particular, corruption covers a significant range of subjects whose consciousness and behaviour it influences; the level of influence of corruption on individual members of society directly depends not so much on the level of public condemnation of it in society, but on the effectiveness of anti-corruption activities of law enforcement agencies and on the strength of “anti-corruption barriers” artificially erected by the state; the ability of corruption to instantly adapt to the current political regime; universality for every country in the world; dependence on the quality of current administrative and legal legislation of states.
Penataan Taman Dan Fasilitas Sekolah Tk Islam Al-Ma’Un Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Minat Bermain Dan Belajar Anak, Di Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Budiyono Debora , Kurniawan Hendra , Sumiati Astri 
Published: September 2023

Keberadaan taman dan fasilitas sekolah seperti taman bermain, perpustakaan, dan ruang serupa sangat dibutuhkan karena dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai ajang bermain dan belajar, oleh karena itu perlu penataan yang dapat berfungsi sebagai eco-edukasi untuk meningkatkan minat bermain dan belajar siswa. Program penataan taman dan fasilitas sekolah Taman Kanak-kanan (TK) sebagai sarana proses pengenalan dan belajar siswa mengenai lingkungan juga belum menjadi perhatian untuk ditangani dengan baik. Salah satu TK yang memiliki permasalah penataan taman dan fasilitas sekolah yaitu TK Islam Al-Ma’un. Permasalahan utama pihak mitra yaitu tidak memiliki sumberdaya manusia yang kompeten dibidang penataan taman dan fasilitas sekolah yang fungsional dan estetika. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di Sekolah Tk Islam Al-Ma’Un sebagai upaya meningkatkan minat bermain dan belajar anak, di Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Metode pendekatan yaitu participation learning action (PLA) dan Focussed Group Discussion (FGD) yang digunakan dalam pelatihan dan pendampingan meningkatkan kapasitas mitra dalam pengelolaan taman dan fasilitas sekolah TK Islam Al-Ma’Un. Berdasarkan hasil pengabdian yang dilakukan menghasilkan karya taman dan fasilitas sekolah yang memadai dan estetika serta minat belajar dan bermain anak-anak sekolah Tk Islam Al-Ma’Un mengalami peningkatan.
Inverse design of anisotropic bone scaffold based on machine learning and regenerative genetic algorithm
Authors: Liu Wenhang , Zhang Youwei , Lyu Yongtao , Bosiakov Sergei , Liu Yadong 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) is widely used in the design of bone scaffolds due to its structural advantages. However, the current approach to designing bone scaffolds using TPMS structures is limited to a forward process from microstructure to mechanical properties. Developing an inverse bone scaffold design method based on the mechanical properties of bone structures is crucial.Methods: Using the machine learning and genetic algorithm, a new inverse design model was proposed in this research. The anisotropy of bone was matched by changing the number of cells in different directions. The finite element (FE) method was used to calculate the TPMS configuration and generate a back propagation neural network (BPNN) data set. Neural networks were used to establish the relationship between microstructural parameters and the elastic matrix of bone. This relationship was then used with regenerative genetic algorithm (RGA) in inverse design.Results: The accuracy of the BPNN-RGA model was confirmed by comparing the elasticity matrix of the inverse-designed structure with that of the actual bone. The results indicated that the average error was below 3.00% for three mechanical performance parameters as design targets, and approximately 5.00% for six design targets.Discussion: The present study demonstrated the potential of combining machine learning with traditional optimization method to inversely design anisotropic TPMS bone scaffolds with target mechanical properties. The BPNN-RGA model achieves higher design efficiency, compared to traditional optimization methods. The entire design process is easily controlled.
Improved production of recombinant β-mannanase (TaMan5) in Pichia pastoris and its synergistic degradation of lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Zheng Fengzhen , Basit Abdul , Zhang Zhiyue , Zhuang Huan , Chen Jun , Zhang Jianfen 
Published: September 2023

Mannan, a highly abundant and cost-effective natural resource, holds great potential for the generation of high-value compounds such as bioactive polysaccharides and biofuels. In this study, we successfully enhanced the expression of constructed GH5 β-mannanase (TaMan5) from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 by employing propeptide in Pichia pastoris. By replacing the α-factor with propeptide (MGNRALNSMKFFKSQALALLAATSAVA), TaMan5 activity was significantly increased from 67.5 to 91.7 U/mL. It retained higher activity in the presence of 20% ethanol and 15% NaCl. When incubated with a high concentration of mannotriose or mannotetraose, the transglycosylation action of TaMan5 can be detected, yielding the corresponding production of mannotetraose or mannooligosaccharides. Moreover, the unique mechanism whereby TaMan5 catalyzes the degradation of mannan into mannobiose involves the transglycosylation of mannose to mannotriose or mannotetraose as a substrate to produce a mannotetraose or mannopentose intermediate, respectively. Additionally, the production of soluble sugars from lignocellulose is a crucial step in bioethanol development, and it is noteworthy that TaMan5 could synergistically yield fermentable sugars from corn stover and bagasse. These findings offered valuable insights and strategies for enhancing β-mannanase expression and efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, providing cost-effective and sustainable approaches for high-value biomolecule and biofuel production.
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of commercially pure titanium and alloy development for the LPBF process
Authors: Haase Fabian , Siemers Carsten , Rösler Joachim 
Published: September 2023

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of titanium or titanium alloys allows fabrication of geometrically more complex and, possibly, individualized implants or osteosynthesis products and could thus improve the outcome of medical treatments considerably. However, insufficient LPBF process parameters can result in substantial porosity, decreasing mechanical properties and requiring post-treatment. Furthermore, texturized parts with anisotropic properties are usually obtained after LPBF processing, limiting their usage in medical applications. The present study addresses both: first, a design of experiments is used in order to establish a set of optimized process parameters and a process window for LPBF printing of small commercially pure (CP) titanium parts with minimized volume porosity. Afterward, the first results on the development of a biocompatible titanium alloy designed for LPBF processing of medical implants with improved solidification and more isotropic properties are presented on the basis of conventionally melted alloys. This development was performed on the basis of Ti-0.44O-0.5Fe-0.08C-0.4Si-0.1Au, a near-α alloy presented by the authors for medical applications and conventional manufacturing, with yttrium and boron additions as additional growth restriction solutes. In terms of LPBF processing of CP titanium grade 1 powder, a high relative density of approximately 99.9% was obtained in the as-printed state of the volume of a small cubical sample by using optimized laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance in combination with a rotating scanning pattern. Moreover, tensile specimens processed with these volume settings and tested in the as-printed milled state exhibited a high average yield and ultimate tensile strength of approximately 663 and 747 N/mm2, respectively, combined with a high average ductility of approximately 24%. X-ray diffraction results suggest anisotropic mechanical properties, which are, however, less pronounced in terms of the tested specimens. Regarding alloy development, the results show that yttrium additions lead to a considerable microstructure refinement but have to be limited due to the occurrence of a large amount of precipitations and a supposed higher propensity for the formation of long columnar prior β-grains. However, phase/texture and microstructure analyses indicate that Ti-0.44O-0.5Fe-0.08C-0.4Si-0.1Au-0.1B-0.1Y is a promising candidate to achieve lower anisotropy during LPBF processing, but further investigations on LPBF printing and Y2O3 formation are necessary.
An immunoproteomics study of antisera from patients with gonorrhea identifies novel Neisseria gonorrhoeae proteins
Authors: Dijokaite-Guraliuc Aiste , Humbert Maria Victoria , Skipp Paul , Cleary David W. , Heckels John E. , Christodoulides Myron 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundNeisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) is the causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea, for which no vaccines exist. Efforts are being made to identify potential vaccine protein antigens, and in this study, an immunoproteomics approach was used to identify protein signatures in gonococci that were recognized by sera from patients with gonorrhea.MethodsSera from patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea and from controls were reacted on Western blot with gonococcal whole-cell lysate separated by 2D electrophoresis. Reactive bands were excised and digested, and peptides were analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify protein hits. Proteins were analyzed with in-silico bioinformatics tools (PSORTb v3.0, CELLO, SOSUI-GramN, LipoP 1.0, SignalP 5.0, TMHMM 2.0, eggNOG-mapper 5.0) to select for surface-exposed/outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and exclude cytoplasmic proteins and most periplasmic proteins. Sera were tested for bactericidal activity against homologous and heterologous gonococcal strains.ResultsPatient sera reacted with 180 proteome bands, and 18 of these bands showed ≥2-fold increased reactivity compared with sera from individuals (n = 5) with no history of gonococcal infection. Mass spectrometry produced peptide signatures for 1,107 proteins, and after bioinformatics analyses, a final collection of 33 proteins was produced that contained 24 OMPs/extracellular proteins never previously studied to our knowledge, 6 proteins with homologs in Neisseria meningitidis that can generate functional immune responses, and 3 unknown proteins. The sera showed little or no significant bactericidal activity, which may be related to the immunoproteomic identification of contraindicated proteins Rmp and H.8 that can generate blocking antibodies.ConclusionStudies on the vaccine potential of these newly identified proteins deserve consideration.
Grainyhead-like 2 is required for morphological integrity of mouse embryonic stem cells and orderly formation of inner ear-like organoids
Authors: Forrester-Gauntlett Blaise , Peters Linda , Oback Björn 
Published: September 2023

Mutations in the transcription factor gene grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) are associated with progressive non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal dominant type 28 (DFNA28) in humans. Since complete loss of Grhl2 is lethal in mouse embryos, we studied its role during inner ear pathology and hearing loss in vitro. To this end, we generated different homozygous deletions to knockout Grhl2 in mouse embryonic stem cells (Grhl2-KO ESCs), including some mimicking naturally occurring truncations in the dimerisation domain related to human DFNA28. Under naïve culture conditions, Grhl2-KO cells in suspension were more heterogenous in size and larger than wild-type controls. Adherent Grhl2-KO cells were also larger, with a less uniform shape, flattened, less circular morphology, forming loose monolayer colonies with poorly defined edges. These changes correlated with lower expression of epithelial cadherin Cdh1 but no changes in tight junction markers (Ocln, Tjp2) or other Grhl isoforms (Grhl1, Grhl3). Clonogenicity from single cells, proliferation rates of cell populations and proliferation markers were reduced in Grhl2-KO ESCs. We next induced stepwise directed differentiation of Grhl2-KO ESCs along an otic pathway, giving rise to three-dimensional inner ear-like organoids (IELOs). Quantitative morphometry revealed that Grhl2-KO cells initially formed larger IELOs with a less compacted structure, more eccentric shape and increased surface area. These morphological changes persisted for up to one week. They were partially rescued by forced cell aggregation and fully restored by stably overexpressing exogenous Grhl2 in Grhl2-KO ESCs, indicating that Grhl2 alters cell-cell interactions. On day 8, aggregates were transferred into minimal maturation medium to allow self-guided organogenesis for another two weeks. During this period, Grhl2-KO cells and wild-type controls developed similarly, expressing neural, neuronal and sensory hair cell markers, while maintaining their initial differences in size and shape. In summary, Grhl2 is required for morphological maintenance of ESCs and orderly formation of IELOs, consistent with an essential role in organising epithelial integrity during inner ear development. Our findings validate quantitative morphometry as a useful, non-invasive screening method for molecular phenotyping of candidate mutations during organoid development.
The spleen as a possible source of serine protease inhibitors and migrating monocytes required for liver regeneration after 70% resection in mice
Authors: Elchaninov Andrey , Vishnyakova Polina , Kuznetsova Maria , Gantsova Elena , Kiseleva Viktoria , Lokhonina Anastasiya , Antonova Maria , Mamedov Aiaz , Soboleva Anna , Trofimov Dmitry , Fatkhudinov Timur , Sukhikh Gennady 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The role of the immune system in liver repair is fundamentally complex and most likely involves the spleen. The close connection between the two organs via the portal vein enables delivery of splenic cytokines and living cells to the liver. This study evaluates expression of inflammation-related genes and assesses the dynamics of monocyte-macrophage and lymphocyte populations of the spleen during the recovery from 70% hepatectomy in mice.Methods: The study used the established mouse model of 70% liver volume resection. The animals were sacrificed 24 h, 72 h or 7 days post-intervention and splenic tissues were collected for analysis: Clariom™ S transcriptomic assay, immunohistochemistry for proliferation marker Ki-67 and macrophage markers, and flow cytometry for lymphocyte and macrophage markers.Results: The loss and regeneration of 70% liver volume affected the cytological architecture and gene expression profiles of the spleen. The tests revealed significant reduction in cell counts for Ki-67+ cells and CD115+ macrophages on day 1, Ly6C + cells on days 1, 3 and 7, and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes on day 7. The transcriptomic analysis revealed significant activation of protease inhibitor genes Serpina3n, Stfa2 and Stfa2l1 and decreased expression of cell cycle regulatory genes on day 1, mirrored by inverse dynamics observed on day 7.Discussion and conclusion: Splenic homeostasis is significantly affected by massive loss in liver volume. High levels of protease inhibitors indicated by increased expression of corresponding genes on day 1 may play an anti-inflammatory role upon reaching the regenerating liver via the portal vein. Leukocyte populations of the spleen react by a slow-down in proliferation. A transient decrease in the local CD115+ and Ly6C+ cell counts may indicate migration of splenic monocytes-macrophages to the liver.
Association between admission-blood-glucose-to-albumin ratio and clinical outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zhen Cien , Chen Wei , Chen Weikun , Fan Hualin , Lin Zijing , Zeng Lihuan , Lin Zehuo , He Weibin , Li Yu , Peng Shimin , Zeng Lin , Duan Chongyang , Tan Ning , Liu Yuanhui , He Pengcheng 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionIt is unclear whether admission-blood-glucose-to-albumin ratio (AAR) predicts adverse clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who are treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Here, we performed a observational study to explore the predictive value of AAR on clinical outcomes.MethodsPatients diagnosed with STEMI who underwent PCI between January 2010 and February 2020 were enrolled in the study. The patients were classified into three groups according to AAR tertile. The primary outcome was in-hospital all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), as well as all-cause mortality and MACEs during follow-up. Logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression were the primary analyses used to estimate outcomes.ResultsAmong the 3,224 enrolled patients, there were 130 cases of in-hospital all-cause mortality (3.9%) and 181 patients (5.4%) experienced MACEs. After adjustment for covariates, multivariate analysis demonstrated that an increase in AAR was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital all-cause mortality [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.72, 95% CI: 1.47–5.03, P = 0.001] and MACEs (adjusted OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.18–3.10, P = 0.009), as well as long-term all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.64, 95% CI: 1.19–2.28, P = 0.003] and MACEs (adjusted HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.16–2.14, P = 0.003). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that AAR was an accurate predictor of in-hospital all-cause mortality (AUC = 0.718, 95% CI: 0.675–0.761) and MACEs (AUC = 0.672, 95% CI: 0.631–0.712).DiscussionAAR is a novel and convenient independent predictor of all-cause mortality and MACEs, both in-hospital and long-term, for STEMI patients receiving PCI.