bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting moderate hypoxia to benefit patients with brain disease: Molecular mechanisms and translational research in progress
Authors: Ehrenreich Hannelore , Gassmann Max , Poustka Luise , Burtscher Martin , Hammermann Peter , Sirén Anna‐Leena , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Miskowiak Kamilla 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHypoxia is increasingly recognized as an important physiological driving force. A specific transcriptional program, induced by a decrease in oxygen (O2) availability, for example, inspiratory hypoxia at high altitude, allows cells to adapt to lower O2 and limited energy metabolism. This transcriptional program is partly controlled by and partly independent of hypoxia‐inducible factors. Remarkably, this same transcriptional program is stimulated in the brain by extensive motor‐cognitive exercise, leading to a relative decrease in O2 supply, compared to the acutely augmented O2 requirement. We have coined the term “functional hypoxia” for this important demand‐responsive, relative reduction in O2 availability. Functional hypoxia seems to be critical for enduring adaptation to higher physiological challenge that includes substantial “brain hardware upgrade,” underlying advanced performance. Hypoxia‐induced erythropoietin expression in the brain likely plays a decisive role in these processes, which can be imitated by recombinant human erythropoietin treatment. This article review presents hints of how inspiratory O2 manipulations can potentially contribute to enhanced brain function. It thereby provides the ground for exploiting moderate inspiratory plus functional hypoxia to treat individuals with brain disease. Finally, it sketches a planned multistep pilot study in healthy volunteers and first patients, about to start, aiming at improved performance upon motor‐cognitive training under inspiratory hypoxia.
High‐fat diet‐induced elevation of body weight set point in male mice
Authors: Fang Lisa Z. , Lily Vidal Josué A. , Hawlader Oishi , Hirasawa Michiru 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveHigh‐fat diets (HFD) are thought to disrupt energy homeostasis to drive overeating and obesity. However, weight loss resistance in individuals with obesity suggests that homeostasis is intact. This study aimed to reconcile this difference by systematically assessing body weight (BW) regulation under HFD.MethodsMale C57BL/6 N mice were fed diets with varying fat and sugar in different durations and patterns. BW and food intake were monitored.ResultsBW gain was transiently accelerated by HFD (≥40%) prior to plateauing. The plateau was consistent regardless of starting age, HFD duration, or fat/sugar content. Reverting to a low‐fat diet (LFD) caused transiently accelerated weight loss, which correlated with how heavy mice were before the diet relative to LFD‐only controls. Chronic HFD attenuated the efficacy of single or repetitive dieting, revealing a defended BW higher than that of LFD‐only controls.ConclusionsThis study suggests that dietary fat modulates the BW set point immediately upon switching from LFD to HFD. Mice defend a new elevated set point by increasing caloric intake and efficiency. This response is consistent and controlled, suggesting that hedonic mechanisms contribute to rather than disrupt energy homeostasis. An elevated floor of the BW set point after chronic HFD could explain weight loss resistance in individuals with obesity.image
Relationship between maximum principle and dynamic programming principle for stochastic recursive optimal control problem under volatility uncertainty
Authors: Li Xiaojuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, we study the relationship between maximum principle (MP) and dynamic programming principle (DPP) for stochastic recursive optimal control problem driven by ‐Brownian motion. Under the smooth assumption for the value function, we obtain the connection between MP and DPP under a reference probability . Within the framework of viscosity solution, we establish the relation between the first‐order super‐jet, sub‐jet of the value function and the solution to the adjoint equation respectively.
RSV through the COVID‐19 pandemic: Burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future
Authors: Stein Renato T. , Zar Heather J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents a major global healthcare burden, particularly in those under 5 years of age. There is no available vaccine, with treatment limited to supportive care or palivizumab for high‐risk children. Additionally, although a causal relationship has not been established, RSV has been associated with the development of asthma or wheezing in some children. The COVID‐19 pandemic and the introduction of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have caused substantial changes to RSV seasonality and epidemiology. Many countries have experienced an absence of RSV during the time of a typical season, followed by an out‐of‐season surge upon relaxation of NPI use. These dynamics have disrupted traditional RSV disease patterns and assumptions, but also provide a unique opportunity to learn more about the transmission of RSV and other respiratory viruses, as well as inform future approaches to RSV preventive strategies. Here, we review the RSV burden and epidemiology through the COVID‐19 pandemic and discuss how new data may affect future decisions regarding RSV prevention.
Low‐risk prostate lesions: An evidence review to inform discussion on losing the “cancer” label
Authors: Semsarian Caitlin R. , Ma Tara , Nickel Brooke , Barratt Alexandra , Varma Murali , Delahunt Brett , Millar Jeremy , Parker Lisa , Glasziou Paul , Bell Katy J. L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundActive surveillance (AS) mitigates harms from overtreatment of low‐risk prostate lesions. Recalibration of diagnostic thresholds to redefine which prostate lesions are considered “cancer” and/or adopting alternative diagnostic labels could increase AS uptake and continuation.MethodsWe searched PubMed and EMBASE to October 2021 for evidence on: (1) clinical outcomes of AS, (2) subclinical prostate cancer at autopsy, (3) reproducibility of histopathological diagnosis, and (4) diagnostic drift. Evidence is presented via narrative synthesis.ResultsAS: one systematic review (13 studies) of men undergoing AS found that prostate cancer‐specific mortality was 0%−6% at 15 years. There was eventual termination of AS and conversion to treatment in 45%−66% of men. Four additional cohort studies reported very low rates of metastasis (0%−2.1%) and prostate cancer‐specific mortality (0%−0.1%) over follow‐up to 15 years. Overall, AS was terminated without medical indication in 1%−9% of men. Subclinical reservoir: 1 systematic review (29 studies) estimated that the subclinical cancer prevalence was 5% at <30 years, and increased nonlinearly to 59% by >79 years. Four additional autopsy studies (mean age: 54−72 years) reported prevalences of 12%−43%. Reproducibility: 1 recent well‐conducted study found high reproducibility for low‐risk prostate cancer diagnosis, but this was more variable in 7 other studies. Diagnostic drift: 4 studies provided consistent evidence of diagnostic drift, with the most recent (published 2020) reporting that 66% of cases were upgraded and 3% were downgraded when using contemporary diagnostic criteria compared to original diagnoses (1985−1995).ConclusionsEvidence collated may inform discussion of diagnostic changes for low‐risk prostate lesions.
Encapsulation of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil and of its main components in cyclodextrin: application to the control of the date moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Pyralidae)
Authors: Ben Abada Maha , Soltani Abir , Tahri Maroua , Haoual Hamdi Soumaya , Boushih Emna , Fourmentin Sophie , Greige‐Gerges Hélène , Mediouni Ben Jemâa Jouda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSynthetic insecticides are the most useful tools for preventing losses caused by insect pest's infestation during storage. However, the use of pesticides should be limited because of the development of insect resistance and their adverse effects on human health and environment. In the last decades, natural insecticidal products, principally essential oils (EOs) and their active components, exhibited potential alternatives for pest control. Nevertheless, due to their volatile nature, encapsulation could be considered as the most appropriate solution. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the fumigant ability of inclusion complexes of Rosmarinus officinalis EO and its major constituents (1,8‐cineole, α‐pinene and camphor) with 2‐hydroxypropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) against Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Pyralidae) larvae.RESULTSThe encapsulation within HP‐β‐CD reduced greatly the release rate of the encapsulated molecules. Therefore, free compounds were more toxic than those encapsulated. Moreover, results revealed that encapsulated volatiles exhibited interesting insecticidal toxicity towards E. ceratoniae larvae. In fact, after 30 days mortality rates were 53.85, 94.23, 3.85 and 42.31% for α‐pinene, 1,8‐cineole, camphor and EO, respectively, encapsulated within HP‐β‐CD. In addition, results showed also that 1,8‐cineole free and encapsulated was more effective toward E. ceratoniae larvae than the other tested volatiles. Additionally, the HP‐β‐CD/volatiles complexes exhibited best persistence compared to the volatiles components. The half‐life of the encapsulated α‐pinene, 1,8‐cineole, camphor and EO (7.83, 8.75, 6.87 and 11.20 days) was significantly longer than that of the free ones (3.46, 5.02, 3.38 and 5.58 days).CONCLUSIONThese results sustain the utility of R. officinalis EO and its main components encapsulated in CDs as treatment to stored‐date commodities. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Antifungal effects of amaryllidaceous alkaloids from bulbs of Lycoris spp. against Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Qiao Siwei , Yao Jingyuan , Wang Qizhi , Li Linwei , Wang Bi , Feng Xu , Wang Zhong , Yin Min , Chen Yu , Xu Shu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases of rice, and novel fungicides for controlling rice blast are needed owing to the problem of resistance to commonly used control agents. We previously found that methanol extract of Lycoris radiata (L'Her.) Herb. showed an excellent inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of M. oryzae, indicating its potential for developing control agents against M. oryzae. In this study, we aim to investigate the antifungal effects of different Lycoris spp. against M. oryzae, and clarify the main active components.RESULTSExtracts from bulbs of seven Lycoris spp. showed excellent inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and spore germination of M. oryzae at 400 mg L−1. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the components of the extracts, and heatmap clustering analysis with Mass Profiler Professional software revealed that lycorine and narciclasine may be the main active components. Lycorine and narciclasine, together with three other amaryllidaceous alkaloids (AAs), were then isolated from bulbs of Lycoris spp. Antifungal assays showed that lycorine and narciclasine had good inhibitory activities against M. oryzae in vitro, but the other three AAs showed no antifungal activities under test concentrations. In addition, lycorine and the ethyl acetate part of L. radiata showed good antifungal effects against M. oryzae in vivo, but narciclasine showed phototoxicity on rice when used alone.CONCLUSIONExtracts of test Lycoris spp. and the main active component lycorine have excellent antifungal activities against M. oryzae, and are good candidates for developing control agents against M. oryzae. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Avian regulation of crop and forest pests, a meta‐analysis
Authors: Monteagudo Navila , Benayas José María Rey , Andivia Enrique , Rebollo Salvador 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBirds have been shown to reduce pest effects on various ecosystem types. This study aimed to synthesize the effect of birds on pest abundance, product damage and yield in agricultural and forest systems in different environments. Our hypothesis is that birds are effective pest regulators that contribute to a reduction in pest abundance, enhancement of yield quality and quantity and economic profit, and that pest regulation may depend on moderators such as the type of ecosystem, climate, pest, and indicator (ecological or economic).RESULTSWe performed a systematic literature review of experimental and observational studies related to biological control in the presence and absence of regulatory birds. We retained 449 observations from 104 primary studies that were evaluated through qualitative and quantitative analyses. Of the 79 studies with known effects of birds on pest regulation, nearly half of the 334 observations showed positive effects (49%), 46% showed neutral effects, and very few (5%) showed negative effects. Overall effect sizes were positive (mean Hedges’ d = 0.38 ± 0.06). A multiple model selection retained only ecosystem and indicator types as significant moderators.CONCLUSIONOur results support our hypothesis that there is a positive effect of avian control of pests for each analyzed moderator and this effect was significant for both ecological and economic indicators. Avian regulation of pests is a potential effective approach for environmentally friendly pest management that can reduce pesticide use regardless of the context of implementation. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Implementing wood ants in biocontrol: Suppression of apple scab and reduced aphid tending
Authors: Jensen Ida Cecilie , Hansen Rikke Reisner , Damgaard Christian , Offenberg Joachim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnts can become efficient biocontrol agents in plantation crops as they prey on pest insects and may inhibit plant pathogens by excreting broad‐spectrum antibiotics. However, ants also provide a disservice by augmenting attended honeydew producing homopterans. This disservice may be avoided by offering ants artificial sugar as an alternative to honeydew. Here we tested the effect of artificial sugar feeding on aphid abundance in an apple plot with wood ants (Formica polyctena, Förster), and tested the effect of ant presence on apple scab (Venturia inaequalis, Cooke) disease incidence.RESULTSOver a 2‐year period, sugar feeding eliminated ant‐attended aphid populations on the apple trees. Furthermore, scab symptoms on both leaves and apples were reduced considerably on ant trees compared to control trees without ants. The presence of ants on the trees reduced leaf scab infections by 34%, whereas spot numbers on fruits were reduced by between 53 and 81%, depending on apple variety. In addition, the spots were 56% smaller.CONCLUSIONThis shows that problems with wood ant‐attended homopterans can be solved and that ants can control both insect pests and plant pathogens. We therefore propose wood ants as a new effective biocontrol agent suitable for implementation in apple orchards and possibly other plantation crops. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
MXene Derivatives for Energy Storage and Conversions
Authors: Guo Yu , Du Zhiguo , Cao Zhenjiang , Li Bin , Yang Shubin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAssociated with the rapid development of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes), MXene derivatives have been recently exploited and exhibited unique physical/chemical properties, holding promising applications in the areas of energy storage and conversions. This review provides a comprehensive summarization of the latest research and progress on MXene derivatives, including termination‐tailored MXenes, single‐atom implanted MXenes, intercalated MXenes, van der Waals atomic layers, and non‐van der Waals heterostructures. The intrinsic relationship between structure, properties, and corresponding applications for MXene derivatives are then emphasized. Finally, the essential challenges are addressed and perspectives for the MXene derivatives are also discussed.
A Single Electronic Tattoo for Multisensory Integration
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhou Zhi , Li Chen‐Long , Liu Xiao‐Hao , Zhang Yue , Pei Man‐Man , Zhou Zheng , Cui Da‐Xiang , Hu Dong , Chen Feng , Cao Wen‐Tao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWearable electronics are garnering growing interest in various emerging fields including intelligent sensors, artificial limbs, and human–machine interfaces. A remaining challenge is to develop multisensory devices that can conformally adhere to the skin even during dynamic‐moving environments. Here, a single electronic tattoo (E‐tattoo) based on a mixed‐dimensional matrix network, which integrates two‐dimensional MXene nanosheets and one‐dimensional cellulose nanofibers/Ag nanowires, is presented for multisensory integration. The multidimensional configurations endow the E‐tattoo with excellent multifunctional sensing capabilities including temperature, humidity, in‐plane strain, proximity, and material identification. In addition, benefiting from the satisfactory rheology of hybrid inks, the E‐tattoos are able to be fabricated through multiple facile strategies including direct writing, stamping, screen printing, and three‐dimensional printing on various hard/soft substrates. Especially, the E‐tattoo with excellent triboelectric properties also can serve as a power source for activating small electronic devices. It is believed that these skin‐conformal E‐tattoo systems can provide a promising platform for next‐generation wearable and epidermal electronics.
Engineering faster double‐array Aho–Corasick automata
Authors: Kanda Shunsuke , Akabe Koichi , Oda Yusuke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultiple pattern matching in strings is a fundamental problem in text processing applications such as regular expressions or tokenization. This article studies efficient implementations ofdouble‐array Aho–Corasick automata(DAACs), data structures for quickly performing the multiple pattern matching. The practical performance of DAACs is improved by carefully designing the data structure, and many implementation techniques have been proposed thus far. A problem in DAACs is that comprehensive descriptions and experimental analyses on their ideas are not provided. Engineers face difficulties in implementing an efficient DAAC. In this article, we review implementation techniques for DAACs and provide a comprehensive description of them. We also propose several new techniques for further improvement. We conduct exhaustive experiments through real‐world datasets and reveal the best combination of techniques to achieve a higher performance in DAACs. The best combination is different from those used in the most popular libraries of DAACs, which demonstrates that their performance can be further enhanced. On the basis of our experimental analysis, we developed a new Rust library for fast multiple pattern matching using DAACs, namedDaachorse, as open‐source software athttps://github.com/daac‐tools/daachorse. Experiments demonstrate that Daachorse outperforms other AC‐automaton implementations, indicating its suitability as a fast alternative for multiple pattern matching in many applications.
Map algebra on raster datasets represented by compact data structures
Authors: Silva‐Coira Fernando , Paramá José R. , Ladra Susana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe increase in the size of data repositories has forced the design of new computing paradigms to be able to process large volumes of data in a reasonable amount of time. One of them is in‐memory computing, which advocates storing all the data in main memory to avoid the disk I/O bottleneck. Compression is one of the key technologies for this approach. For raster data, a compact data structure, called ‐raster, have been recently been proposed. It compresses raster maps while still supporting fast retrieval of a given datum or a portion of the data directly from the compressed data. ‐raster's original work introduced several queries in which it was superior to competitors. However, to be used as the basis of an in‐memory system for raster data, it is mandatory to demonstrate its efficiency when performing more complex operations such as the map algebra operators. In this work, we present the algorithms to run a set of these operators directly on ‐raster without a decompression procedure.
A novel mechanism of cannabidiol in suppressing ovarian cancer through LAIR‐1 mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis
Authors: Ma Li , Zhang Huachang , Liu Chuntong , Liu Mengke , Shangguan Fugen , Liu Yan , Yang Shude , Li Hua , An Jing , Song Shuling , Cao Qizhi , Qu Guiwu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCannabidiol (CBD) is a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid compound. It has been shown that CBD can inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells, but the underlying specific mechanism is unclear. We previously presented the first evidence for the expression of leukocyte‐associated immunoglobulin‐like receptor 1 (LAIR‐1), a member of the immunosuppressive receptor family, in ovarian cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which CBD inhibits the growth of SKOV3 and CAOV3 ovarian cancer cells, and we sought to understand the concurrent role of LAIR‐1. In addition to inducing ovarian cancer cell cycle arrest and promoting cell apoptosis, CBD treatment significantly affected the expression of LAIR‐1 and inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis and mitochondrial respiration in ovarian cancer cells. These changes were accompanied by an increase in ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppression of mitochondrial respiration and aerobic glycolysis, thereby inducing abnormal or disturbed metabolism and reducing ATP production. A combined treatment with N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine and CBD indicated that a reduction in ROS production would restore PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway signaling and ovarian cancer cell proliferation. We subsequently confirmed that the inhibitory effect of CBD on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal axis and mitochondrial bioenergy metabolism was attenuated by knockdown of LAIR‐1. Our animal studies further support the in vivo anti‐tumor activity of CBD and suggest its mechanism of action. In summary, the present findings confirm that CBD inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth by disrupting the LAIR‐1‐mediated interference with mitochondrial bioenergy metabolism and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. These results provide a new experimental basis for research into ovarian cancer treatment based on targeting LAIR‐1 with CBD.
On the wake deflection of vertical axis wind turbines by pitched blades
Authors: Huang Ming , Sciacchitano Andrea , Ferreira Carlos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWake losses are a critical consideration in wind farm design. The ability to steer and deform wakes can result in increased wind farm power density and reduced energy costs and can be used to optimize wind farm designs. This study investigates the wake deflection of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) experimentally, emphasizing the effect of different load distributions on the wake convection and mixing. A trailing vortex system responsible for the wake topology is hypothesized based on a simplified vorticity equation that describes the relationship between load distribution and its vortex generation; the proposed vorticity system and the resulting wake topology are experimentally validated in the wind tunnel via stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements of the flow field at several wake cross‐sections. Variations in load distribution are accomplished by a set of fixed blade pitches. The experimental results not only validate the predicted vorticity system but also highlight the critical role of the streamwise vorticity component in the deflection and deformation of the wake, thus affecting the momentum and energy recoveries. The evaluation of the various loading cases demonstrates the significant effect of the wake deflection on the wind power available to a downwind turbine, even when the distance between the two turbines is only three diameters.