bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling optical and X-ray properties of the disc-dominated intermediate polar IGR J15094-6649
Authors: Joshi Arti , Rawat Nikita , Schwope Axel , Pandey J C , Scaringi Simone , Sahu D K , Rao Srinivas M , Singh Mridweeka 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present analyses of an Intermediate Polar, IGR J15094-6649, based on the archival optical data obtained from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and X-ray data obtained from the Suzaku, NuSTAR, and Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift). Present analysis confirms and refines the previously reported spin period of IGR J15094-6649 as 809.49584 ± 0.00075 s. Clear evidence of a beat period of 841.67376 ± 0.00082 s is found during the long-term TESS optical observations, which was not evident in the earlier studies. The dominance of X-ray and optical spin pulse unveils the disc-fed dominance accretion, however, the presence of an additional beat frequency indicates that part of the accreting material also flows along the magnetic field lines. The energy-dependent spin pulsations in the low (&lt;10 keV) energy band are due to the photoelectric absorption in the accretion flow. However, the complex absorbers may be responsible to produce low amplitude spin modulations via Compton scattering in the hard (&gt;10 keV) energy band and indicate that the height of the X-ray emitting region may be negligible. The observed double-humped X-ray profiles with a pronounced dip are indicative of the photoelectric absorption in the intervening accretion stream. Analysis of the X-ray spectra reveals the complexity of the X-ray emission, being composed of multitemperature plasma components with a soft excess, reflection, and suffers from strong absorption.
Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Mutational Spectrum
Authors: Bloom Jesse D , Beichman Annabel C , Neher Richard A , Harris Kelley 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 evolves rapidly in part because of its high mutation rate. Here, we examine whether this mutational process itself has changed during viral evolution. To do this, we quantify the relative rates of different types of single-nucleotide mutations at 4-fold degenerate sites in the viral genome across millions of human SARS-CoV-2 sequences. We find clear shifts in the relative rates of several types of mutations during SARS-CoV-2 evolution. The most striking trend is a roughly 2-fold decrease in the relative rate of G→T mutations in Omicron versus early clades, as was recently noted by Ruis et al. (2022. Mutational spectra distinguish SARS-CoV-2 replication niches. bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.09.27.509649). There is also a decrease in the relative rate of C→T mutations in Delta, and other subtle changes in the mutation spectrum along the phylogeny. We speculate that these changes in the mutation spectrum could arise from viral mutations that affect genome replication, packaging, and antagonization of host innate-immune factors, although environmental factors could also play a role. Interestingly, the mutation spectrum of Omicron is more similar than that of earlier SARS-CoV-2 clades to the spectrum that shaped the long-term evolution of sarbecoviruses. Overall, our work shows that the mutation process is itself a dynamic variable during SARS-CoV-2 evolution and suggests that human SARS-CoV-2 may be trending toward a mutation spectrum more similar to that of other animal sarbecoviruses.
Differential impact of COVID-19 on mental health and burnout
Authors: Maniero C , Ng S M , Collett G , Godec T , Siddiqui I , Antoniou S , Kumar A , Janmohamed A , Nair S , Kotecha A , Khan R , Khanji M Y , Kapil V , Gupta J , Gupta A K 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
There may be differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and burnout rates of healthcare professionals (HCPs) performing different roles.

Aims
To examine mental health and burnout rates, and possible drivers for any disparities between professional roles.

Methods
In this cohort study, online surveys were distributed to HCPs in July–September 2020 (baseline) and re-sent 4 months later (follow-up; December 2020) assessing for probable major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), insomnia, mental well-being and burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization). Separate logistic regression models (at both phases) compared the risk of outcomes between roles: healthcare assistants (HCAs), nurses and midwives (nurses), allied health professionals (AHPs) and doctors (reference group). Separate linear regression models were also developed relating the change in scores to professional role.

Results
At baseline (n = 1537), nurses had a 1.9-fold and 2.5-fold increased risk of MDD and insomnia, respectively. AHPs had a 1.7-fold and 1.4-fold increased risk of MDD and emotional exhaustion, respectively. At follow-up (n = 736), the disproportionate risk between doctors and others worsened: nurses and HCAs were at 3.7-fold and 3.6-fold increased risk of insomnia, respectively. Nurses also had a significantly increased risk of MDD, GAD, poor mental well-being and burnout. Nurses also had significantly worsened anxiety, mental well-being and burnout scores over time, relative to doctors.

Conclusions
Nurses and AHPs had excess risk of adverse mental health and burnout during the pandemic, and this difference worsened over time (in nurses especially). Our findings support adoption of targeted strategies accounting for different HCP roles.
The impossibility of the impossible trinity? The case of Indonesia
Authors: Basri M Chatib , Sumartono Luqman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe impossible trinity suggests that an economy cannot simultaneously achieve a fixed exchange rate, high capital mobility, and independent monetary policy without abandoning one of these. However, This paper looks at Indonesia’s experiences from the 2009 QE and the 2013 taper tantrum, considering why Indonesian policy-makers were unable to use policies as per the trilemma, and the policy implications of this. There are three possible reasons why Indonesia found it difficult to implement this trilemma policy choice: differing monetary policy objectives, volatile floating exchange rates, and balance sheet effects. The commodity supercycle also plays an exogenous role, unable to be overcome by monetary or exchange rate policy while at the same time impacting fiscal policy, income redistribution, trade balance, and the exchange rate. Overall, this paper argues that monetary policy on its own is likely to be insufficient to manage the economy adequately. Other levers and factors, such as macroprudential policy, fiscal policy, capital flow management, and institutional quality, are critical to make the policy choices more effective.
How will digital technologies influence the international monetary system?
Authors: Prasad Eswar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNew and evolving financial technologies, including the advent of cryptocurrencies and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), will make cross-border payments cheaper and quicker. However, reduced frictions in global capital flows could also result in more capital flow and exchange rate volatility, which is of particular concern for emerging market economies. There will be greater competition among fiat currencies and certain private currencies such as stablecoins in their roles as mediums of exchange for payment and settlement of domestic as well as cross-border transactions. However, neither the advent of CBDCs nor the lowering of barriers to international financial flows will do much on their own to reorder the international monetary system or the balance of power among major currencies. Currencies such as the US dollar that are dominant stores of value will remain so because that dominance rests not just on the issuing country’s economic size and financial market depth, but also on a strong institutional foundation that is essential for maintaining investors’ trust in a currency.
Large root cortical cells and reduced cortical cell files improve growth under suboptimal nitrogen in silico
Authors: Lopez-Valdivia Ivan , Yang Xiyu , Lynch Jonathan P 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSuboptimal nitrogen availability is a primary constraint to plant growth. We used OpenSimRoot, a functional-structural plant/soil model, to test the hypothesis that larger root cortical cell size (CCS), reduced cortical cell file number (CCFN), and their interactions with root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) and lateral root branching density (LRBD) are useful adaptations to suboptimal soil nitrogen availability in maize (Zea mays). Reduced CCFN increased shoot dry weight over 80%. Reduced respiration, reduced nitrogen content, and reduced root diameter accounted for 23%, 20%, and 33% of increased shoot biomass, respectively. Large CCS increased shoot biomass by 24% compared with small CCS. When simulated independently, reduced respiration and reduced nutrient content increased the shoot biomass by 14% and 3%, respectively. However, increased root diameter resulting from large CCS decreased shoot biomass by 4% due to an increase in root metabolic cost. Under moderate N stress, integrated phenotypes with reduced CCFN, large CCS, and high RCA improved shoot biomass in silt loam and loamy sand soils. In contrast, integrated phenotypes composed of reduced CCFN, large CCS, and reduced LRBD had the greatest growth in silt loam, while phenotypes with reduced CCFN, large CCS, and high LRBD were the best performers in loamy sands. Our results support the hypothesis that larger CCS, reduced CCFN, and their interactions with RCA and LRBD could increase nitrogen acquisition by reducing root respiration and root nutrient demand. Phene synergisms may exist between CCS, CCFN, and LRBD. CCS and CCFN merit consideration for breeding cereal crops with improved nitrogen acquisition, which is critical for global food security.
Allosteric modulation of integral protein activity by differential stress in asymmetric membranes
Authors: Piller Paulina , Semeraro Enrico F , Rechberger Gerald N , Keller Sandro , Pabst Georg 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The activity of integral membrane proteins is tightly coupled to the properties of the surrounding lipid matrix. In particular, transbilayer asymmetry, a hallmark of all plasma membranes, might be exploited to control membrane-protein activity. Here, we hypothesized that the membrane-embedded enzyme outer membrane phospholipase A (OmpLA) is susceptible to the lateral pressure differences that build up between such asymmetric membrane leaflets. Upon reconstituting OmpLA into synthetic, chemically well-defined phospholipid bilayers exhibiting different lateral pressure profiles, we indeed observed a substantial decrease in the enzyme’s hydrolytic activity with increasing membrane asymmetry. No such effects were observed in symmetric mixtures of the same lipids. To quantitatively rationalize how the differential stress in asymmetric lipid bilayers inhibits OmpLA, we developed a simple allosteric model within the lateral pressure framework. Thus, we find that membrane asymmetry can serve as the dominant factor in controlling membrane-protein activity, even in the absence of specific, chemical cues or other physical membrane determinants such as hydrophobic mismatch.
Liquidity Constraints, Consumption, and Debt Repayment: Evidence from Macroprudential Policy in Turkey
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Hadzic Muris , Song Changcheng , Yildirim Yildiray 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Using account-level credit card data from a large Turkish bank, we study the impact of a unique credit card policy that increases minimum payment on consumption and debt repayment. We show that the policy reduces credit card spending and debt, boosts existing debt repayment, and reduces credit card delinquency. The credit card debt of affected consumers falls on average by 50$\%$ two years into the policy’s implementation. An increase in minimum payment has a stronger effect than does a decrease of a similar magnitude. We build a benchmark life cycle model with soft liquidity constraint to explain the reduction in credit card spending.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Prevalence of and factors associated with childhood anaemia in remote villages of the Peruvian Amazon: a cross-sectional study and geospatial analysis
Authors: Morocho-Alburqueque Noelia , Quincho-Lopez Alvaro , Nesemann John M , Cañari-Casaño Jorge L , Elorreaga Oliver A , Muñoz Marleny , Talero Sandra , Harding-Esch Emma M , Saboyá-Díaz Martha Idalí , Honorio-Morales Harvy A , Durand Salomón , Carey-Angeles Cristiam A , Klausner Jeffrey D , Keenan Jeremy D , Lescano Andres G 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Anaemia is a public health problem in Peru. In the Loreto region of the Amazon, ≥50% of children may be anaemic, although insufficient information exists for rural villages.

Methods
To generate more data about childhood anaemia in the Peruvian Amazon, haemoglobin was measured as part of a trachoma survey in 21 randomly selected villages. All children 1–9 y of age from 30 randomly selected households per village were recruited. Anaemia was classified according to the World Health Organization guidelines and a socio-economic status (SES) index was created for each household using principal component analysis. Spatial autocorrelation was determined using Moran's I and Ripley's K function.

Results
Of 678 children with complete haemoglobin data, 25.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.2 to 30.1) had mild-or-worse anaemia and 22.1% (95% CI 15.6 to 30.3) had moderate-or-worse anaemia. Mild-or-worse anaemia was more common among children whose primary source of drinking water was surface water (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.26 [95% CI 1.14 to 1.40], p&lt;0.001) and who were in the lowest SES tercile (PR 1.16 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.32], p=0.021). Moderate-or-worse anaemia was more common among boys (PR 1.32 [95% CI 1.09 to 1.60], p=0.005). No evidence of geospatial clustering was found.

Conclusions
Remote villages of the Amazon would benefit from interventions for childhood anaemia and the poorest households would have the most to gain. Integrating anaemia screening into neglected tropical diseases surveys is an opportunity to use public health resources more efficiently.
The best is yet to come: six new species within a large-bodied earthworm genus (Scherotheca, Lumbricidae) in a densely sampled region (south-western France)
Authors: Marchán Daniel Fernández , Novo Marta , Domínguez Jorge , Da Silva Alberto , Martínez Alejandro , Gerard Sylvain , Hedde Mickaël , Decaëns Thibaud 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Since the 18th century, several taxonomists have contributed to knowledge of the French earthworm fauna, one of the best-known earthworm communities in Europe, with 164 species currently described. Surprisingly, new species keep being added constantly, even large ones, which are usually the first to be described. The recent discovery of six undescribed morphospecies of Scherotheca during a sampling survey in southern France suggests that other large Lumbricidae remain to be discovered. We provide here an integrative description of these six species, Scherotheca albina Marchán & Decaëns sp. nov., Scherotheca betharramensis Marchán & Decaëns sp. nov., Scherotheca microthomasi Marchán & Decaëns sp. nov., Scherotheca shaihulud Marchán & Decaëns sp. nov., Scherotheca etcheberryensis Marchán & Decaëns sp. nov. and Scherotheca trezencensis Marchán & Decaëns sp. nov., formally name them and place them in a molecular phylogenetic framework together with their Scherotheca relatives from south-western France. This increases the diversity of Scherotheca to 51 species, including Scherotheca haymozi comb. nov. as a small-sized representative of the genus. The validity of the elevation of several subspecies to specific status was corroborated by molecular phylogenetic evidence, and previously unknown cryptic speciation within Scherotheca was detected. Two geographically coherent clades (roughly matching Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Occitanie) correspond to two existing subgenera. The unusually high taxonomic and morphological diversity of Scherotheca within the Pyrénées-Atlantiques may be related to biotic interactions, climatic factors and historical causes. These features highlight the importance of the conservation of these unique earthworm species.
Binding of USP4 to cortactin enhances cell migration in HCT116 human colon cancer cells
Authors: Yun Sun‐Il , Kwak Chulhwan , Lee Song‐Yi , Shin Sanghee , Oh Changsuk , Kim Jong‐Seo , Rhee Hyun‐Woo , Kim Kyeong Kyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUbiquitin‐specific protease 4 (USP4) is highly overexpressed in colon cancer and acts as a potent protooncogenic protein by deubiquitinating β‐catenin. However, its prominent roles in tumor formation and migration in cancer cells are not fully understood by its deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) activity on β‐catenin. Thus, we investigated an additional role of USP4 in cancer. In this study, we identified cortactin (CTTN), an actin‐binding protein involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics and a potential prognostic marker for cancers, as a new cellular interacting partner of USP4 from proximal labeling of HCT116 cells. Additionally, the role of USP4 in CTTN activation and promotion of cell dynamics and migration was investigated in HCT116 cells. We confirmed that interacting of USP4 with CTTN increased cell movement. This finding was supported by the fact that USP4 overexpression in HCT116 cells with reduced expression of CTTN was insufficient to promote cell migration. Additionally, we observed that USP4 overexpression led to a significant increase in CTTN phosphorylation, which is a requisite mechanism for cell migration, by regulating Src/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) binding to CTTN and its activation. Our results suggest that USP4 plays a dual role in cancer progression, including stabilization of β‐catenin as a DUB and interaction with CTTN to promote cell dynamics by inducing CTTN phosphorylation. Therefore, this study demonstrates that USP4 is important for cancer progression and is a good target for treating or preventing cancer.
Disrupted intercellular bridges and spermatogenesis in fatty acyl‐CoA reductase 1 knockout mice: A new model of ether lipid deficiency
Authors: Pan Bo , Yuan Shuo , Mayernik Linda , Yap Yi Tian , Moin Kamiar , Chung Charles S. , Maddipati Krishnarao , Krawetz Stephen A. , Zhang Zhibing , Hess Rex A. , Chen Xuequn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPeroxisomal fatty acyl‐CoA reductase 1 (FAR1) is a rate‐limiting enzyme for ether lipid (EL) synthesis. Gene mutations in FAR1 cause a rare human disease. Furthermore, altered EL homeostasis has also been associated with various prevalent human diseases. Despite their importance in human health, the exact cellular functions of FAR1 and EL are not well‐understood. Here, we report the generation and initial characterization of the first Far1 knockout (KO) mouse model. Far1 KO mice were subviable and displayed growth retardation. The adult KO male mice had smaller testes and were infertile. H&E and immunofluorescent staining showed fewer germ cells in seminiferous tubules. Round spermatids were present but no elongated spermatids or spermatozoa were observed, suggesting a spermatogenesis arrest at this stage. Large multi‐nucleated giant cells (MGC) were found lining the lumen of seminiferous tubules with many of them undergoing apoptosis. The immunofluorescent signal of TEX14, an essential component of intercellular bridges (ICB) between developing germ cells, was greatly reduced and mislocalized in KO testis, suggesting the disrupted ICBs as an underlying cause of MGC formation. Integrative analysis of our total testis RNA‐sequencing results and published single‐cell RNA‐sequencing data unveiled cell type‐specific molecular alterations underlying the spermatogenesis arrest. Many genes essential for late germ cell development showed dramatic downregulation, whereas genes essential for extracellular matrix dynamics and cell–cell interactions were among the most upregulated genes. Together, this work identified the cell type‐specific requirement of ELs in spermatogenesis and suggested a critical role of Far1/ELs in the formation/maintenance of ICB during meiosis.
Cholinergic drugs reduce metabolic inflammation and diabetic myocardial injury by regulating the gut bacterial component lipopolysaccharide‐induced ERK/Egr‐1 pathway
Authors: Wu Qing , Zhao Ming , Li Dongling , He Xi , Zang Weijin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAutonomic imbalance and metabolic inflammation are important pathological processes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and increased levels of bacterial component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are associated with diabetic myocardial injury, but the mechanism by which gut microbes affect metabolic inflammation and cardiac injury remains unclear. We determined whether pyridostigmine (PYR), which inhibits cholinesterase to improve vagal activity, could regulate the disordered gut microbiota and attenuate gut barrier dysfunction, metabolic endotoxemia, and inflammation in diabetes. Db/db mice exhibited high blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, low vagal activity, and diabetic myocardial injury. Db/db mice also exhibited gut microbiota perturbations and subsequent disruption of gut barrier function, resulting in an influx of LPS, metabolic endotoxemia, and inflammation. PYR ameliorated the dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, modulated the overall structure of the gut microbiota, selectively enhanced the abundance of anti‐inflammatory bacteria, and reduced the abundance of proinflammatory and potentially pathogenic bacteria in db/db mice. Importantly, PYR enhanced vagal activity, restored gut microbiota homeostasis, and alleviated gut barrier dysfunction. Therefore, the LPS‐induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/early growth response‐1 (Egr‐1) pathway and consequent metabolic inflammation were inhibited, and eventually, cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and dysfunction were ameliorated in db/db mice. In vitro cardiomyocyte injury was induced by exposing primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes to high glucose (HG) and LPS. In vitro analyses showed that HG + LPS induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, Egr‐1 expression, inflammation, and cell apoptosis, which were inhibited by acetylcholine (ACh). Alpha 7 nicotinic ACh receptor but not muscarinic 2 ACh receptor plays an important role in ACh‐mediated anti‐inflammatory effects and inhibiting the ERK/Egr‐1 pathway in HG + LPS‐administered neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. PYR and ACh ameliorated diabetic myocardial injury by inhibiting the LPS‐induced ERK/Egr‐1 pathway and metabolic inflammation. The vagus–gut–heart axis has provided new insights into the complex mechanisms of diabetes and offers novel therapeutic targets.