bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant conservation assessment at scale: Rapid triage of extinction risks
Authors: AuBuchon‐Elder Taylor , Minx Patrick , Bookout Bess , Kellogg Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2023

Societal Impact StatementThe current rate of global biodiversity loss creates a pressing need to increase efficiency and throughput of extinction risk assessments in plants. We must assess as many plant species as possible, working with imperfect knowledge, to address the habitat loss and extinction threats of the Anthropocene. Using the biodiversity database, Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN), and the Andropogoneae grass tribe as a case study, we demonstrate that large‐scale, preliminary conservation assessments can play a fundamental role in accelerating plant conservation pipelines and setting priorities for more in‐depth investigations.Summary

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria are widely used to determine extinction risks of plant and animal life. Here, we used The Red List's criterion B, Geographic Range Size, to provide preliminary conservation assessments of the members of a large tribe of grasses, the Andropogoneae, with ~1100 species, including maize, sorghum, and sugarcane and their wild relatives.
We used georeferenced occurrence data from the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) and automated individual species assessments using ConR to demonstrate efficacy and accuracy in using time‐saving tools for conservation research. We validated our results with those from the IUCN‐recommended assessment tool, GeoCAT.
We discovered a remarkably large gap in digitized information, with slightly more than 50% of the Andropogoneae lacking sufficient information for assessment. ConR and GeoCAT largely agree on which taxa are of least concern (>90%) or possibly threatened (<10%), highlighting that automating assessments with ConR is a viable strategy for preliminary conservation assessments of large plant groups. Results for crop wild relatives are similar to those for the entire dataset.
Increasing digitization and collection needs to be a high priority. Available rapid assessment tools can then be used to identify species that warrant more comprehensive investigation.
Carbon isotope values for grasses in Madagascar's Central Highlands establish baselines for historical and paleoecological research
Authors: Crowley Brooke E. , Schmidt Heidi H. , Vorontsova Maria S. 
Published: January 2023

Societal Impact StatementGrasses are significant drivers of fires and are the primary food source for cattle in Madagascar's Central Highlands. However, their extent and importance to animals and people in the past remain poorly understood. Clarifying the history of Malagasy grasslands is necessary for building climate resilient food systems and supporting carbon stores that also conserve biodiversity. We generated chemical data for grasses that grow in open habitats in central Madagascar, which will help improve our understanding of the ecological and economic importance of modern grassy ecosystems, reconstruct the regional history of grasses, and anticipate how vegetation may respond to changing climate and rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.Summary

Stable carbon isotope (δ13C) data for Malagasy grasses are needed to establish expected values for C3 and C4 grasses from particular regions in Madagascar, and possible differences among different grass lineages, or species with different distributions or adaptations. These data, in turn, may help inform how widespread grasses were in the past, and the importance of grasses to endemic and domesticated animals as well as people over time.
We analysed both δ13C and weight %C:N from 63 Poaceae species that grow in open grassy biomes in Madagascar's Central Highlands and explored how these values relate to multiple variables, including encounter frequency, distribution, lineage, adaptations to grazing and fire and the typical floral assemblage in which each species occurs.
Of the species sampled, 56 are C4 and seven are C3. There are no differences in δ13C or weight %C:N among either C3 or C4 species with different distributions or adaptations, from different assemblages, or that are frequently or infrequently encountered. However, there are differences in both δ13C and weight %C:N among C4 lineages, and the single C3 arundinoid (Styppeiochloa hitchcockii) has larger weight %C:N than C3 Paniceae.
Our results provide a foundation for evaluating reliance on C4 resources by people, as well as domesticated and endemic animals both today and in the past. We encourage gathering additional comparative data for co‐occurring individual plants from the same open grassy biome localities, as well as other species, habitats and regions in Madagascar.
Pericardial rupture of mediastinal mature cystic teratoma: An unusual cause of pediatric acute chest pain
Authors: Tekinhatun Muhammed , Ufuk Furkan , Yılmaz Munevver , Gurses Dolunay , Kis Argun , Ozturk Gokhan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA previously healthy 12‐year‐old girl presented to the emergency department with severe chest pain and dyspnea that woke her from sleep. She had short‐term syncope just before the emergency admission. On physical examination, respiratory rate was 26 breaths per minute while resting, and blood pressure was 92/56 mmHg. Other physical examination findings were insignificant. She had no past medical history, and her family history was unremarkable. Laboratory test results showed elevated C‐reactive protein (27 mg/L; reference range: <5 mg/L) and white blood cell count (13.7 K/μL; reference range: 4–12 K/μL). Other laboratory test results were within normal limits, including troponin T value (3 ng/L; reference range: 3–14 ng/L). An electrocardiogram showed 1 mm ST‐segment elevation in bipolar (D1 and D2) limb leads, and augmented vector foot leads, and echocardiography revealed a complicated pericardial effusion and a suspicious mass adjacent to the left ventricle.
Transforming the nutrition care model for infants with cystic fibrosis: A qualitative study of clinicians' perspectives
Authors: Ong Thida , Bell Sarah , Britto Maria T. , Gamel Breck , McNamara Sharon , Ramsey Bonnie , Barton Krysta S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClinician perspectives may inform health service strategies to meet optimal nutrition needs for infants with cystic fibrosis (CF). We conducted a qualitative study with CF‐specialized dietitians (registered dietitians [RDs]) and physicians between July to December 2020 to characterize the current state of infant nutrition care delivery and organize input into a conceptual model to inform CF care program strategies. Among 42 participants, 36 completed survey responses and 6 completed interviews; 93% were RDs. Three global themes emerged in the current care model: nutrition management, family centered connections, and collaborative care delivery. Within nutrition management, clinicians emphasized providing education, setting goals, and maintaining adequate follow‐up with families. Under family centered connections, clinicians expressed the need to foster relationships with families and link families to resources for assistance to social stressors such as food insecurity. Collaborative care delivery for clinicians interviewed was defined by sharing expertise from across the interdisciplinary team. Based on the timing of this study, clinicians reported compelling examples for various modes of telehealth and home weight monitoring to facilitate and support these domains of nutrition care, including potential advantages for education, supporting family needs, and communication. We integrate these themes to propose a conceptual model to organize complementary in‐person and telehealth activities and enhance quality infant CF nutrition care delivery. Future implementation can refine this model through testing of practical telehealth interventions to optimize nutrition outcomes for infants with CF.
Clinical outcomes after salvage external beam radiotherapy combined with interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced, recurrent endometrial cancer
Authors: Waheed Asmara , Banerjee Robyn , Meyer Tyler , Quirk Sarah , Doll Corinne , McGeachy Philip , Phan Tien , Roumeliotis Michael , Martell Kevin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSalvage external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) followed by interstitial brachytherapy is commonly used to treat patients with vaginal recurrence of endometrial cancer. The evidence for this is typically limited to case series treating small volumes of disease. For the present study, 12 consecutive patients with locally advanced, biopsy‐proven vaginal recurrence after surgically treated endometrial cancer who received salvage EBRT (45 Gy in 25 daily fractions to microscopic disease and 55–57.5 Gy to gross nodal disease) with magnetic resonance‐guided interstitial brachytherapy (20–21 Gy in 3 fractions over 2 days) were retrospectively reviewed. The median tumor size of recurrent disease on magnetic resonance imaging was 5 (3–6) cm. Three (25%) tumors involved the bladder wall, three (25%) involved the urethra, and four (33%) extended to the pelvic sidewall. Four (25%) patients had gross nodal disease. On follow‐up, no (0%) patient developed local recurrence. One patient (8%) developed nodal recurrence outside of the radiotherapy treatment volume and then distant metastases, and one patient (8%) developed distant metastasis 2.5 years post‐treatment and subsequently died from the disease. No (0%) other deaths were reported. Zero patients (0%) developed grade ≥4 bowel or bladder toxicity. These data support EBRT with interstitial brachytherapy using modern techniques for locally advanced, vaginal recurrences of endometrial cancer.
Hormesis effects in tomato plant growth and photosynthesis due to acephate exposure based on physiology and transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Xu Nuo , Sun Yang , Wang Yuru , Cui Yidi , Jiang Yuanjin , Zhang Chao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDHormesis is a common phenomenon in toxicology described as low‐dose stimulation due to a toxin which causes inhibition at a high dose. Pesticide hormesis in plants has attracted considerable research interest in recent years; however, the specific mechanism has not yet been clarified. Acephate is an organophosphorus insecticide that is used worldwide. Here, hormesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth and photosynthesis after acephate exposure is confirmed, as stimulation occurred at low stress levels, whereas inhibition occurred after exposure to high concentrations.RESULTSWe found that low acephate concentration (5‐fold lower than recommended application dosage) could enhance chlorophyll biosynthesis and stimulate photosynthesis effects, and thus improve S. lycopersicum growth. A high level of acephate (5‐fold higher than recommended application dosage) stress inhibited chlorophyll accumulation, decreased photosystem II efficiency and blocked antioxidant reactions in leaves, increasing reactive oxygen species levels and damaging plant growth. Transcriptomic analysis and quantitative real‐time PCR results revealed that the photosynthesis – antenna proteins pathway played a crucial role in the hormesis effect, and that LHCB7 as well as LHCP from the pathway were the most sensitive to acephate hormesis.CONCLUSIONOur results showed that acephate could induce hormesis in tomato plant growth and photosynthesis, and that photosystem II and the photosynthesis – antenna proteins pathway played important roles in hormesis. These results provide novel insights into the scientific and safe application of chemical pesticides, and new guidance for investigation into utilizing pesticide hormesis in agriculture. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The acquisition of thin sections of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed with elevated potassium content for molecular mapping by mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Brum Felipe Lopes , Martins Gabriel R. , Mohana‐Borges Ronaldo , Sant'Ana da Silva Ayla 
Published: January 2023

RationaleMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI‐IMS) of tissues became popular in the last decade. Consequently, adapting sample preparation methods for different materials turned out to be a pivotal step for successful analysis due to the requirement of sample slices of 12–20 μm thickness. However, acquiring thin sections compatible with MALDI‐IMS for unusual samples is challenging, as existing histological protocols may not be suitable, thus requiring new methods. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed is an example of a challenging material due to its toughness and resistance to crack, therefore our goal was to develop a methodology to obtain thin (12–20 μm) and entire sections of açaí seeds for MALDI‐IMS analysis.MethodsDifferent strategies were evaluated for obtaining thin sections of seeds, and the combination of the following steps was found to be the most suitable option: (i) softening of seeds by water immersion for 24 h; (ii) transversal cut of seeds to obtain half‐seeds using a razor blade and a hammer; (iii) half‐seeds imbibition in gelatin; (iv) samples sectioning using a cryostat at −20°C to obtain samples with 12–20 μm thickness; (v) collection of samples in an indium tin oxide‐coated glass slide covered by double‐sided copper tape to avoid sample wrapping and ensure adhesion after unfreezing; and (vi) storage of samples in a −80°C freezer, if necessary.ResultsThis adapted sample preparation method enabled the analysis of açaí seeds by MALDI‐IMS, providing spatial distribution of carbohydrates in the endosperm.ConclusionsThe adaptations developed for sample preparation will help investigate the metabolic and physiological properties of açaí seeds in future studies.
The limits of limit cases: Sexual ethics and graduate student–staff relationships
Authors: Sikka Tina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article examines whether, and if so how, the alternative model of sexual ethics, namely, apleasure and care‐centred ethic of embodied and relational sexual Otherness, performs when given scenarios or case studies that push up against its ethico‐political limits. I focus here on the case of intimate relationships that emerge between graduate students and their supervisors. The two case studies examined are the Avital Ronell case and a composite case constructed from the lived experience and personal stories of women who have what they deem are/were successful intimate relationships with their PhD supervisors—sometimes resulting in marriage. Following a critique of sexual consent, the article engages in a close critical analysis of each case in line with the pleasure and care‐centered ethic of embodied and relational sexual Otherness and, in doing so, engages with issues of power, ethicality, pleasure, justice, and gender norms before offering ways forward.
Mitochondria‐Targeted Nanosystem with Reactive Oxygen Species‐Controlled Release of CO to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy of PCN‐224 by Sensitizing Ferroptosis
Authors: Yang Futing , Yu Wenjie , Yu Qiying , Liu Xiyu , Liu Chunping , Lu Chong , Liao Xinghua , Liu Yi , Peng Na 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe apoptosis‐resistant mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT) usually results in limited therapeutic efficacy. The development of new strategies for sensitizing targeted ferroptosis that bypass apoptosis resistance is of great significance to improve the antitumor efficacy of PDT. In this study, a novel amphiphilic copolymer whose main chain contains reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive groups and the end of side chains contains triphenylphosphine is synthesized, to encapsulate porphyrinic metal–organic framework PCN‐224 via self‐assembly which are hydrothermally synthesized by coordination of zirconium (IV) with tetra‐kis(4‐caboxyphenyl) porphyrin, and loaded carbon monoxide releasing molecule 401 (CORM‐401) by their hollow structures (PCN‐CORM), and finally, surface‐coated with hyaluronic acid. The nanosystem can sequentially localize to mitochondria which is an important target to induce apoptosis and ferroptosis in cancer cells. Upon excitation with near‐infrared light, PCN‐224 is activated to produce amounts of ROS, and simultaneously triggers the rapid intracellular release of CO. More importantly, the released CO can sensitize ferroptosis and promote apoptosis to significantly enhance the antitumor efficacy of PCN‐224 both in vitro and in vivo. These results illustrate that the mitochondria‐targeted drug delivery system combined PDT with CO leads to an effective antitumor efficacy, which maybe a promising way to enhance the treatment efficiency of PDT.
CRISPR/Cas9 and Chlorophyll Coordination Micelles for Cancer Treatment by Genome Editing and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Chen , Wang Xiaojie , Liu Gengqi , Ren He , Liu Jingang , Jiang Zhen , Zhang Yumiao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9‐based gene therapy and photodynamic therapy both show promise for cancer treatment but still have their drawbacks limited by tumor microenvironment and long treatment duration. Herein, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and photodynamic strategy for a synergistic anti‐tumor therapeutic modality is merged. Chlorophyll (Chl) extracted from natural green vegetables is encapsulated in Pluronic F127 (F127) micelles and Histidine‐tagged Cas9 can be effectively chelated onto micelles via metal coordination by simple incubation, affording Cas9‐Chl@F127 micelles. Mg2+ acts as an enzyme cofactor to correlatively enhance Cas9 gene‐editing activity. Upon laser irradiation, Chl as an effective photosensitizer generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill tumor cells. Meanwhile, CRISPR/Cas9, mediated by dual deliberately designed gRNAs of APE1 and NRF2, can reprogram the tumor microenvironment by increasing the intracellular oxygen accumulation and impairing the oxidative defense system of tumor cells. Cas9‐Chl@F127 micelles can responsively release Cas9 in the presence of abundant ATP or low pH in tumor cells. In a murine tumor model, Cas9‐Chl@F127 complexed with dual gRNAs including APE1 and NRF2 significantly inhibits the tumor growth. Taken together, Cas9‐Chl@F127 micelles, representing the first Chl‐based green biomaterial for the delivery of Cas9, show great promise for the synergistic anti‐tumor treatment by PDT and gene editing.
Utilizing Metal‐Thiocatecholate Functionalized UiO‐66 Framework for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhong Hao , Chen Song , Jiang Zhixin , Hu Jieying , Dong Jiale , Chung Lai‐Hon , Lin Qia‐Chun , Ou Weihui , Yu Lin , He Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExploiting clean energy is essential for sustainable development and sunlight‐driven photocatalytic water splitting represents one of the most promising approaches toward this goal. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are competent photocatalysts owing to their tailorable functionality, well‐defined structure, and high porosity. Yet, the introduction of the unambiguous metal‐centered active site into MOFs is still challenging since framework motifs capable of anchoring metal ions firmly are lacking. Herein, the assembly using 1,4‐dicarboxylbenzene‐2,3‐dithiol (H2dcbdt) and Zr‐Oxo clusters to give a thiol‐functionalized UiO‐66 type framework, UiO‐66‐dcbdt, is reported. The thiocatechols on the struts are allowed to capture transition metal (TM) ions to generate UiO‐66‐dcbdt‐M (M = Fe, Ni, Cu) with unambiguous metal‐thiocatecholate moieties for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). UiO‐66‐dcbdt‐Cu is found the best catalyst exhibiting an HER rate of 4.18 mmol g−1 h−1 upon irradiation with photosensitizing Ru‐polypyridyl complex. To skip the use of the external sensitizer, UiO‐66‐dcbdt‐Cu is heterojunctioned with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and achieves an HER rate of 12.63 mmol g−1 h−1 (32.3 times that of primitive TiO2). This work represents the first example of MOF assembly employing H2dcbdt as the mere linker followed by chelation with TM ions and undoubtedly fuels the rational design of MOF photocatalysts bearing well‐defined active sites.
Climate reparations: Why the polluter pays principle is neither unfair nor unreasonable
Authors: Tan Kok‐Chor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe polluter pays principle (PPP) has the form of a reparative principle. It holds that since some countries have historically contributed more to global warming than others, these countries have the follow‐up responsibility now to do more to address climate change. Yet in the climate justice debate, PPP is often rejected for two reasons. First, so the objection goes, it wrongly burdens present‐day individuals because the actions of their predecessors. This is the unfairness objection. The second objection is that early polluters were not aware of the harm that they were doing, and so ought not to be held culpable. This is the objection from excusable ignorance. In this commentary, I defend PPP against these two objections. The aim of this short reflection is not to provide a full justification of PPP, or to respond to all objections that have been made against it. My more limited but, I hope, important goal is to show that PPP is neither immediately unfair (in making innocent parties pay) nor immediately unreasonable (in making excusably ignorant parties pay) as is commonly noted, and is therefore worthy of further consideration as a principle of climate justice.This article is categorized under:
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change
Privacy‐preserving data mining and machine learning in healthcare: Applications, challenges, and solutions
Authors: Naresh Vankamamidi S. , Thamarai Muthusamy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractData mining (DM) and machine learning (ML) applications in medical diagnostic systems are budding. Data privacy is essential in these systems as healthcare data are highly sensitive. The proposed work first discusses various privacy and security challenges in these systems. To address these next, we discuss different privacy‐preserving (PP) computation techniques in the context of DM and ML for secure data evaluation and processing. The state‐of‐the‐art applications of these systems in healthcare are analyzed at various stages such as data collection, data publication, data distribution, and output phases regarding PPDM and input, model, training, and output phases in the context of PPML. Furthermore, PP federated learning is also discussed. Finally, we present open challenges in these systems and future research directions.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Health Care
Technologies > Machine Learning
Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Security and Privacy