bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors inhibiting Sustainable Knowledge Management in Nigeria
Authors: Akinbo T. F. , Fagbenle I. O. , Amusan L. M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Knowledge is a vital resource in most organizations. This is because it has the potential to contribute to competitive advantage, and corporate governance and ensures growth performance. However, with the paucity of information and knowledge generated on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects in Nigeria, it is hard to measure the performance of such projects in terms of accountability, transparency, and openness. Therefore, this study examined the factors inhibiting the implementation of sustainable knowledge management in PPP projects in Nigeria. The study utilized the clustering sampling method to select the research partakers in this study which included construction professionals, contractors, concessionaires, financiers, and the public sector. The sample size was calculated using the simple random sampling method. The study focused on Lagos State and Abuja (F.C.T.). The study utilized a survey research design. A well-structured questionnaire instrument was designed for the study. A total of three hundred and ninety-three (393) research participants took part in this study. The findings of the study revealed that Microsoft Office tools, paper-based storage, and lessons learned were the most frequently used knowledge management strategies in managing the knowledge generated on PPP projects in Nigeria. However, the main factors inhibiting the implementation of sustainable knowledge management in PPP projects in Nigeria were limited funds for promoting knowledge management of PPP projects, entrenched corruption in the public space, and low ICT training among PPP stakeholders. The study revealed statistically significant factors inhibiting the implementation of sustainable knowledge management in PPP projects in Nigeria. The study recommended the need to increase funding and training of PPP stakeholders on sustainable knowledge management strategies specifically for PPP projects in Nigeria.
Emergent evolution of first-order phase transitions from magneto-structural to magneto-elastic in MnCo1−y
Fe
y
Ge1−x
Si
x
alloys
Authors: Li Yong , Ye Xinyue , Li Lingwei , Liu Enke 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The emergent evolution of first-order phase transitions from magneto-structural to magneto-elastic and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and magnetization measurements. Applying the isostructural alloying principle, the martensitic transition temperature (T
M) increases effectively and the Curie temperatures of the two phases increase slightly by substituting the Si content (x). With an appropriate amount of Fe and Si content, an emergent first-order antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic magnetoelastic transition with thermal hysteresis in the martensitic state occurs for MnCo0.7Fe0.3Ge1–x
Si
x
(x = 0.15–0.40) alloys, which results from the decrease in the nearest-neighbor Mn–Mn distance. Moreover, the values of magnetic entropy change (ΔS
M), refrigeration capacity (RC) and temperature-averaged entropy change (TEC, 10 K) with ΔH = 50 kOe reach −12.2 J kg−1 K−1, 112.8 J kg−1 and 11.4 J kg−1 K−1 for MnCo0.7Fe0.3Ge0.8Si0.2 undergoing the ferromagnetic magneto-structural transition in the Curie temperature window. The results facilitate the magnetocaloric/magnetoelastic performance and tunability of multiple phase states in a wider temperature range.
Two results on 𝑥^{𝑟}+𝑦^{𝑟}=𝑑𝑧^{𝑝}
Authors: Freitas Nuno , Najman Filip 
Published: June 2023

This note proves two theorems regarding Fermat-type equation

x
r

+

y
r

=
d

z
p

x^r + y^r = dz^p

where

r
≥
5

r \geq 5

is a prime. Our main result shows that, for infinitely many integers

d
d

, the previous equation has no non-trivial primitive solutions such that

2
∣
x
+
y

2 \mid x+y

or

r
∣
x
+
y

r \mid x+y

, for a set of exponents

p
p

of positive density. We use the modular method with a symplectic argument to prove this result.
The evolution of bite force and head morphology in scincid lizards: diet and habitat use as possible drivers
Authors: Saulnier Masson Robin , Daoues Karim , Measey John , Herrel Anthony 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiet and habitat use impose mechanical constraints that may impact head morphology and bite force. Skinks (Scincidae) comprise the largest family of lizards with ~1700 species currently described. They also show an important morphological and ecological diversity. Using phylogenetically informed analyses, we studied the interrelationships between ecology (diet, habitat use), head morphology and bite force in these lizards. Our results show a strong link between body size, bite force and diet, with herbivorous species being larger and biting harder than species from other dietary groups. Despite a lack of differences in body size and head morphology, omnivorous species bite harder than insectivorous species, in order to process the fibrous plant material that is part of their diet. Overall, lineages that evolved greater bite forces also showed an increase in relative head height allowing for more vertically oriented jaw muscles. Moreover, we find evidence for correlated evolution between bite force and head length: skinks that bite harder tend to have shorter jaws that likely provide a greater mechanical advantage when biting at the tip of the jaw. Surprisingly, habitat use does not appear to be correlated with morphological traits or bite force, but this needs to explored further.
Clinical and cost outcomes of a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated patch versus drainage after axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer: results from a multicentre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Buch-Villa Elvira , Castañer-Puga Carlos , Delgado-Garcia Silvia , Fuster-Diana Carlos , Vidal-Herrador Beatriz , Ripoll-Orts Francisco , Galeote-Quecedo Tania , Prat Antonio , Andrés-Matias Myrian , Jimeno-Fraile Jaime , Muñoz-Sorsona Ernesto , Vento Giovani , Gumbau-Puchol Verónica , Adrianzen Marcos , López-Flor Vicente , Ortega Joaquín 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes between breast cancer patients who underwent axillary lymph node dissection with postoperative management using a polyethylene glycol-coated patch versus axillary drainage. The direct costs associated with both postoperative management strategies were also evaluated.

Methods
This was a multicentre RCT in women with breast cancer who underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04487561). Patients were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to receive either drainage or a polyethylene glycol-coated patch as postoperative management. The primary endpoints were the need for an emergency department visit for any event related to the surgery and the rate of seroma development.

Results
A total of 227 patients were included , 115 in the patch group (50.7 per cent) and 112 (29.4 per cent ) in the drainage group. The incidence of emergency department visits was significantly greater for patients with drainage versus a polyethylene glycol-coated patch (incidence rate difference 26.1 per cent, 95 per cent c.i. 14.5 to 37.7 per cent; P &lt; 0.001). Conversely, the seroma rate was significantly higher in the polyethylene glycol-coated patch group (incidence rate difference 22.8 per cent, 95 per cent c.i. 6.7 to 38.9 per cent; P &lt; 0.0055). Compared with drainage, using a polyethylene glycol-coated patch resulted in cost savings of €100.41 per patient. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio analysis found that drainage was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €7594.4 for no need for hospital admission and €491.7 for no need for an emergency department visit.

Conclusion
Compared with patients who received drainage after axillary lymph node dissection, the use of a polyethylene glycol-coated patch resulted in a higher rate of seroma, but a lower number of postoperative outpatient or emergency department visits and thus a reduction in overall costs.
COVID-19 infection in people living with HIV
Authors: Brolly Jacob , Chadwick David R 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are intersecting pandemics, with implications for care at an individual and global scale.Sources of dataPubMed search with relevant articles and their references reviewed.Areas of agreementCOVID-19 has changed the delivery of care to people living with HIV (PLWH). Vaccines are efficacious and safe for PLWH; patient care for symptomatic COVID-19 is similar to that of people without HIV.Areas of controversyIt remains unclear whether PLWH experience increased COVID-19-specific mortality. Treatments to reduce severity in early COVID-19 infection lack evidence in PLWH.Growing pointsThe effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV-related morbidity and mortality are yet to be seen. COVID-19 epidemiology among PLWH is complicated by changes to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, population behaviours and vaccine availability.Areas timely for developing researchGlobal trends in HIV-related morbidity and mortality should be monitored to appreciate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The benefits of early antiviral and/or neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nMAb) treatment for PLWH and nMAb prophylaxis require investigation.
Altered within- and between-network functional connectivity in atypical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Singh Neha Atulkumar , Martin Peter R , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Sintini Irene , Machulda Mary M , Duffy Joseph R , Gunter Jeffrey L , Botha Hugo , Jones David T , Lowe Val J , Jack Clifford R , Josephs Keith A , Whitwell Jennifer L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Posterior cortical atrophy and logopenic progressive aphasia are atypical clinical presentations of Alzheimer’s disease. Resting-state functional connectivity studies have shown functional network disruptions in both phenotypes, particularly involving the language network in logopenic progressive aphasia and the visual network in posterior cortical atrophy. However, little is known about how connectivity differs both within and between brain networks in these atypical Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes. A cohort of 144 patients was recruited by the Neurodegenerative Research Group at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, and underwent structural and resting-state functional MRI. Spatially preprocessed data were analysed to explore the default mode network and the salience, sensorimotor, language, visual and memory networks. The data were analysed at the voxel and network levels. Bayesian hierarchical linear models adjusted for age and sex were used to analyse within- and between-network connectivity. Reduced within-network connectivity was observed in the language network in both phenotypes, with stronger evidence of reductions in logopenic progressive aphasia compared to controls. Only posterior cortical atrophy showed reduced within-network connectivity in the visual network compared to controls. Both phenotypes showed reduced within-network connectivity in the default mode and sensorimotor networks. No significant change was noted in the memory network, but a slight increase in the salience within-network connectivity was seen in both phenotypes compared to controls. Between-network analysis in posterior cortical atrophy showed evidence of reduced visual-to-language network connectivity, with reduced visual-to-salience network connectivity, compared to controls. An increase in visual-to-default mode network connectivity was noted in posterior cortical atrophy compared to controls. Between-network analysis in logopenic progressive aphasia showed evidence of reduced language-to-visual network connectivity and an increase in language-to-salience network connectivity compared to controls. Findings from the voxel-level and network-level analysis were in line with the Bayesian hierarchical linear model analysis, showing reduced connectivity in the dominant network based on diagnosis and more crosstalk between networks in general compared to controls. The atypical Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes were associated with disruptions in connectivity, both within and between brain networks. Phenotype-specific differences in connectivity patterns were noted in the visual network for posterior cortical atrophy and the language network for logopenic progressive aphasia.
Phage therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa: a unique challenge and possible opportunity for personalized treatment of a complex, inflammatory disease
Authors: Bens Lene , Green Sabrina I , Jansen Daan , Hillary Tom , Vanhoutvin Tine , Matthijnssens Jelle , Sabino João , Vermeire Séverine , Van Laethem An , Wagemans Jeroen , Lavigne Rob 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Phage therapy is an emerging antimicrobial treatment for critical multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this review, the specific potential and challenges of phage therapy for patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are discussed. This represents a unique challenge as HS is a chronic inflammatory disease, but presenting with acute exacerbations, which have an enormous negative impact on patient’s quality of life. The therapeutic arsenal for HS has expanded in the past decade, for example, with adalimumab and several other biologicals that are currently under investigation. However, treatment of HS remains challenging for dermatologists because there are individuals who do not respond to any classes of the current treatment options when used for a first or second time. Furthermore, after several courses of treatment, a patient may lose their response to therapy, meaning long-term use is not always an option. Culturing studies and 16S ribosomal RNA profiling highlight the complex polymicrobial nature of HS lesions. Despite the detection of various bacterial species in lesion samples, several key pathogens, including Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus, may be potential targets for phage therapy. Using phage therapy for the treatment of a chronic inflammatory disease could potentially provide new insights into the role of bacteria and the immune system in HS development. In addition, it is possible more details on the immunomodulatory effects of phages may come to light.
Identification of differences in the magnitude and specificity of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody responses in naturally infected and vaccinated individuals
Authors: Pushpakumara Pradeep Darshana , Jeewandara Chandima , Bary Farha , Madushanka Deshan , Perera Lahiru , Aberathna Inoka Sepali , Nimasha Thashmi , Jayamali Jeewantha , Ranasinghe Thushali , Kuruppu Heshan , Danasekara Saubhagya , Wijewickrama Ananda , Ogg Graham S , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As there are limited data on B-cell epitopes for the nucleocapsid protein in SARS-CoV-2, we sought to identify the immunodominant regions within the N protein, recognized by patients with varying severity of natural infection with the Wuhan strain (WT), delta, omicron, and in those who received the Sinopharm vaccines, which is an inactivated, whole virus vaccine. Using overlapping peptides representing the N protein, with an in-house ELISA, we mapped the immunodominant regions within the N protein, in seronegative (n = 30), WT infected (n = 30), delta infected (n = 30), omicron infected + vaccinated (n = 20) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccinees (n = 30). We then investigated the sensitivity and specificity of these immunodominant regions and analyzed their conservation with other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, seasonal human coronaviruses, and bat Sarbecoviruses. We identified four immunodominant regions aa 29–52, aa 155–178, aa 274–297, and aa 365–388, which were highly conserved within SARS-CoV-2 and the bat coronaviruses. The magnitude of responses to these regions varied based on the infecting SARS-CoV-2 variants, &gt;80% of individuals gave responses above the positive cut-off threshold to many of the four regions, with some differences with individuals who were infected with different VoCs. These regions were found to be 100% specific, as none of the seronegative individuals gave any responses. As these regions were highly specific with high sensitivity, they have a potential to be used to develop diagnostic assays and to be used in development of vaccines.
First Pharmacokinetic Data of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate and Tenofovir With Dolutegravir or Boosted Protease Inhibitors in African Children: A Substudy of the CHAPAS-4 Trial
Authors: Waalewijn Hylke , Szubert Alexander J , Wasmann Roeland E , Wiesner Lubbe , Chabala Chishala , Bwakura-Dangarembizi Mutsa , Makumbi Shafic , Nangiya Joan , Mumbiro Vivian , Mulenga Veronica , Musiime Victor , Monkiewicz Lara N , Griffiths Anna L , Bamford Alasdair , Doerholt Katja , Denti Paolo , Burger David M , Gibb Diana M , McIlleron Helen M , Colbers Angela ,   for the Children with HIV in Africa – Pharmacokinetics and Acceptability of Simple second-line antiretroviral regimens (CHAPAS-4) Trial Team
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) and tenofovir in a subset of African children enrolled in the CHAPAS-4 trial.

Methods
Children aged 3–15 years with human immunodeficiency virus infection failing first-line antiretroviral therapy were randomized to emtricitabine/TAF versus standard-of-care nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor combination, plus dolutegravir, atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir, or lopinavir/ritonavir. Daily emtricitabine/TAF was dosed according to World Health Organization (WHO)–recommended weight bands: 120/15 mg in children weighing 14 to &lt;25 kg and 200/25 mg in those weighing ≥25 kg. At steady state, 8–9 blood samples were taken to construct pharmacokinetic curves. Geometric mean (GM) area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and the maximum concentration (Cmax) were calculated for TAF and tenofovir and compared to reference exposures in adults.

Results
Pharmacokinetic results from 104 children taking TAF were analyzed. GM (coefficient of variation [CV%]) TAF AUClast when combined with dolutegravir (n = 18), darunavir/ritonavir (n = 34), or lopinavir/ritonavir (n = 20) were 284.5 (79), 232.0 (61), and 210.2 (98) ng*hour/mL, respectively, and were comparable to adult reference values. When combined with atazanavir/ritonavir (n = 32), TAF AUClast increased to 511.4 (68) ng*hour/mL. For each combination, tenofovir GM (CV%) AUCtau and Cmax remained below reference values in adults taking 25 mg TAF with a boosted protease inhibitors.

Conclusions
In children, TAF combined with boosted PIs or dolutegravir and dosed according to WHO-recommended weight bands provides TAF and tenofovir concentrations previously demonstrated to be well tolerated and effective in adults. These data provide the first evidence for use of these combinations in African children.

Clinical Trials Registration
ISRCTN22964075.
The R″ wave in V1 and the negative terminal QRS vector in aVF combine to a novel 12-lead ECG algorithm to identify slow conducting anatomical isthmus 3 in patients with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Wallet Justin , Kimura Yoshitaka , Blom Nico A , Man Sumche , Jongbloed Monique R M , Zeppenfeld Katja 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
Patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) have an increased risk of ventricular tachycardia (VT), with slow conducting anatomical isthmus (SCAI) 3 as dominant VT substrate. In patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB), SCAI 3 leads to local activation delay with a shift of terminal RV activation towards the lateral RV outflow tract which may be detected by terminal QRS vector changes on sinus rhythm electrocardiogram (ECG).

Methods and results
Consecutive rTOF patients aged ≥16 years with RBBB who underwent electroanatomical mapping at our institution between 2017–2022 and 2010–2016 comprised the derivation and validation cohort, respectively. Forty-six patients were included in the derivation cohort (aged 40±15 years, QRS duration 165±23 ms). Among patients with SCAI 3 (n = 31, 67%), 17 (55%) had an R″ in V1, 18 (58%) had a negative terminal QRS portion (NTP) ≥80 ms in aVF, and 12 (39%) had both ECG characteristics, compared to only 1 (7%), 1 (7%), and 0 patient without SCAI, respectively.
Combining R″ in V1 and/or NTP ≥80 ms in aVF into a diagnostic algorithm resulted in a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 87% in detecting SCAI 3. The inter-observer agreement for the diagnostic algorithm was 0.875. In the validation cohort [n = 33, 18 (55%) with SCAI 3], the diagnostic algorithm had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 80% for identifying SCAI 3.

Conclusion
A sinus rhythm ECG-based algorithm including R″ in V1 and/or NTP ≥80 ms in aVF can identify rTOF patients with a SCAI 3 and may contribute to non-invasive risk stratification for VT.
A high-quality de novo genome assembly for clapper rail (Rallus crepitans)
Authors: Elizondo Elisa C , Faircloth Brant C , Brumfield Robb T , Shakya Subir B , Ellis Vincenzo A , Schmidt Carl J , Kovach Adrienne I , Gregory Shriver W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The clapper rail (Rallus crepitans), of the family Rallidae, is a secretive marsh bird species that is adapted for high salinity habitats. They are very similar in appearance to the closely related king rail (R. elegans), but while king rails are limited primarily to freshwater marshes, clapper rails are highly adapted to tolerate salt marshes. Both species can be found in brackish marshes where they freely hybridize, but the distribution of their respective habitats precludes the formation of a continuous hybrid zone and secondary contact can occur repeatedly. This system, thus, provides unique opportunities to investigate the underlying mechanisms driving their differential salinity tolerance as well as the maintenance of the species boundary between the 2 species. To facilitate these studies, we assembled a de novo reference genome assembly for a female clapper rail. Chicago and HiC libraries were prepared as input for the Dovetail HiRise pipeline to scaffold the genome. The pipeline, however, did not recover the Z chromosome so a custom script was used to assemble the Z chromosome. We generated a near chromosome level assembly with a total length of 994.8 Mb comprising 13,226 scaffolds. The assembly had a scaffold N50 was 82.7 Mb, L50 of four, and had a BUSCO completeness score of 92%. This assembly is among the most contiguous genomes among the species in the family Rallidae. It will serve as an important tool in future studies on avian salinity tolerance, interspecific hybridization, and speciation.
Evolution of MHC IIB Diversity Across Cichlid Fish Radiations
Authors: Lozano-Martín Carlos , Bracamonte Seraina E , Barluenga Marta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are among the most polymorphic genes in vertebrates and crucial for their adaptive immune response. These genes frequently show inconsistencies between allelic genealogies and species phylogenies. This phenomenon is thought to be the result of parasite-mediated balancing selection maintaining ancient alleles through speciation events (trans-species polymorphism [TSP]). However, allele similarities may also arise from postspeciation mechanisms, such as convergence or introgression. Here, we investigated the evolution of MHC class IIB diversity in the cichlid fish radiations across Africa and the Neotropics by a comprehensive review of available MHC IIB DNA sequence information. We explored what mechanism explains the MHC allele similarities found among cichlid radiations. Our results showed extensive allele similarity among cichlid fish across continents, likely due to TSP. Functionality at MHC was also shared among species of the different continents. The maintenance of MHC alleles for long evolutionary times and their shared functionality may imply that certain MHC variants are essential in immune adaptation, even in species that diverged millions of years ago and occupy different environments.