bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species of associated bryophyte and their effect on the yield and quality of Dendrobium nobile
Authors: Li Mingsong , Li Jinling , Deng Lujun , Zhao Zhi , Luo Chunli , Luo Fulai , Wang Hualei , Yang Jiyong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Dendrobium nobile demanding growing environment, unstable yield and high management cost are the key factors restricting the development of its imitation wild cultivation industry. Through the study, it was found that the growth of Dendrobium nobile is closely related to the microenvironment of Danxia stone, in which the different associated bryophytes have different effects on the growth of Dendrobium nobile. The present study aimed to explore the effects of different associated bryophyte species on the yield and quality of Dendrobium nobile, and to clarify the dominant bryophyte species associated with Dendrobium nobile, and to provide a scientific basis for the rational cultivation and quality evaluation of Dendrobium nobile.
Results It is a rich variety of associated bryophyte with Dendrobium nobile. There are identified a total of 15 families, 24 genera and 31 species of bryophyte in the study area, including 13 families, 22 genera and 29 species of mosses and 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species of liverworts, and mosses predominated in the association with Dendrobium nobile; Usually 3-9 species of bryophyte were mixed with Dendrobium nobile, of which 5-6 species of bryophyte were more common, and the associated bryophyte with Dendrobium nobile were only related to the species to which they belonged; The dry matter accumulation, quality and mineral content of Dendrobium nobile differed significantly among different species of bryophyte. The coefficients of variation of dry matter accumulation, dendrobine and content of 11 mineral elements of Dendrobium nobile in the 35 quadrats were 25.00%, 21.08%, and 11.33%-57.96%, respectively. The biomass, dendrobine and mineral content of Dendrobium nobile were analysed by principal component analysis and affiliation function. The results showed that each evaluation method initially screened Trachycystis microphylla and Leucobryum juniperoideum as the preliminary identification of dominant associated bryophytes, and the frequency and coverage of the two bryophytes were significantly higher than that of the rest of the bryophytes, and it was determined that Trachycystis microphylla and Leucobryum juniperoideum were the dominant associated bryophytes.
Conclusions It is a rich variety of associated bryophyte with Dendrobium nobile. The yield and quality of Dendrobium nobile differed significantly among different species of bryophyte. It was determined that Trachycystis microphyllaand Leucobryum juniperoideum were the dominant associated bryophytes, which were the two bryophytes associated with Dendrobium nobile through mixed growth.
Electrochemically selective detection of dopamine over serotonin by ITO/NiO(OH) electrode
Authors: Mondal Rimpa , Show Bibhutibhushan , Ahmed Sk. Faruque , Mukherjee Nillohit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dopamine and serotonin are the two key neurotransmitters that play vital roles in human central nervous system. It is essential to monitor the level of these neurotransmitters in our body. Enzyme-less or electrochemical detection of such bio-analytes are one of the accurate methods for this purpose. However, proper choice of the semiconductor electrode is crucial. To address this, thin films of nickel-oxy-hydroxide [NiO(OH)] was deposited on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates using chronoamperometry. Thorough characterization of the deposited films were carried out using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. For the detailed electrochemical sensing of dopamine and serotonin, cyclic voltammetry (CV), steady-state amperometry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out in aqueous phosphate buffer solution (pH ~ 7). Electrochemical analyses for dopamine yielded high sensitivity of 11.12 µAµM− 1cm− 2 with a limit of detection of 0.55 µM, i.e., in sub µM level. Whereas, for serotonin, the value of sensitivity and limit of detection were found to be 0.04 µAµM− 1cm− 2 and 1.70 µM, respectively; which are inferior compared to dopamine detection. In addition, with the presence of serotonin as an interfering analyte, the performance of the developed electrode did not suppress much and effectively displayed the results in favour of dopamine; making the developed electrode dopamine selective.
Health Behaviors, Knowledge, Screening, and Attitudes Toward Colorectal Cancer among Iraqi Adults
Authors: Mohammad Burhan Fareeq , Andsoy Isil Isik 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There has been a change in the incidence and mortality of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) in the last 20 years in Iraq. Understanding knowledge, screening, and attitudes toward CRC is vital to the design of effective health measures. This study aimed to determine the Iraqi population’s health behaviors, knowledge, screening, attitudes toward CRC, and possible predictors that may affect their knowledge level.
Methods
This cross-sectional study design was conducted among 1361 adults between March 2020 and August 2021 in Sulaymaniyah/Iraq. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive analysis and linear logistic regression were carried out.
Results
Among participants, 6.1% had a colonoscopy, 4.0% had a sigmoidoscopy and 60.8% heard CRC screening. Participants’ overall knowledge score was poor (13.60± 1.03, Min=0, Max=28). Half of them (51%) believed CRC screening is essential for early diagnosis, and less than half worried because of pain and embarrassment. Respondents who retired (OR=1.30; p=0.00) and who had graduated from university (OR=0.86; p=0.01) had a high knowledge of CRC, while those who were aged 70 and above (OR=-1.08; p=0.00) had a low knowledge of CRC. Furthermore, it was found that Iraqi adults who answered “no idea” to questions related to attitude and who answered incorrectly questions related to risk factors were likely to have low knowledge (p=0.00).
Conclusions
We found a lack of knowledge, screening, and misconceptions about CRC and screening among Iraqi adults. Thus, education and screening programs should target Iraqi populations with the most limited knowledge.
Genetic parameters and trends estimates for reproduction and fitness traits in ‘Threatened’ Nilagiri breed of sheep
Authors: Chaudhari Arth Bhaljibhai , Ramanujam Rajendran , Ragothaman Venkataramanan , Gowrimanokari K.V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of non-genetic and genetic factors and to estimate the genetic parameters and trends for reproduction and fitness traits of threatened Nilagiri sheep reared under semi-intensive management system. Data used in the present study were collected over a years from 1989 to 2013 (25 years). A total of 6001 individual phenotypic information from about 1129 ewes with variable number of records for each reproduction and fitness traits were used. The reproduction and fitness traits were analysed for the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors, respectively. Fixed effect analysis was carried out using general linear model procedures using SPSS. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated with univariate analysis by fitting Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method (REML) using WOMBAT programme, by fitting an animal model for all the traits. Three different animal models were fitted by including or excluding maternal effects was used to estimates genetic parameters. Nilagiri sheep had overall mean for all reproduction and fitness traits were estimated. Based on best fitted univariate models, direct heritability estimates, for reproduction and fitness traits ranges from 0.04 to 0.258 were, respectively. Whereas, genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients between litter size and birth and litter size at weaning were 1.00 ± 0.077 and 0.89 ± 0.007 in Nilagiri sheep which implies the possibility of indirect selection. Genetic changes over the selection period (genetic parameters and genetic trend over the years) suggested that the genetic selection and appropriate management can lead to improvement of Nilagiri sheep.
Uzbekistan’s Path to Sustainable Growth: Innovative Agrar-Geography for Resilience and Prosperity
Authors: Juraev Zuhriddin , Ahn Young-Jin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This review study addresses Uzbekistan's economic geography and agricultural development, focusing on sustainable growth and food security. It aims to look at recent policy changes, growth patterns, and government policies in the agricultural sector through an economic and geographic lens. The importance of food security to Uzbekistan’s development and its impact on socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental issues form the basis for this study. The priority the government places on food security is reflected in policies based on availability, accessibility, utilization, and sustainability. Key studies examined include the Agricultural Development Strategy 2020–2030, which aims to strengthen the competitiveness of the agri-food sector and introduce agricultural reforms. In addition, the report examines agricultural GDP growth, the sector's contribution to the national economy, and liberalization and international trade partnership efforts. The report concludes that innovation and technology transfer are key to sustainable agricultural growth. All in all, this report highlights the challenges and opportunities Uzbekistan faces to achieve sustainable agricultural growth and food security. By examining recent initiatives and trends, valuable insights can be gained into the country's economic competitiveness, prosperity, and resilience in the agricultural sector.
Early life lipid overload in Native American myopathy is phenocopied by stac3 knock out in zebrafish
Authors: Donaka Rajashekar , Zheng Houfeng , karasik david , karasik david 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding the early stages of human congenital myopathies is critical for proposing strategies for improving skeletal muscle performance by restoring the functional integrity of cytoskeleton. SH3 and cysteine-rich domain 3 (Stac3) is a protein involved in nutrient sensing, and is an essential component of the excitation-contraction (EC) coupling machinery for Ca2+ releasing. A mutation in STAC3 causes debilitating Native American myopathy (NAM) in humans, and loss of this gene in mice and zebrafish resulted in death in early life. Previously, NAM patients demonstrated increased lipids in skeletal muscle biopsy. However, whether elevated neutral lipids could alter muscle function in NAM disease is now well understood. Here, using a CRISPR/Cas9 induced stac3 knockout (KO) zebrafish model, we determined that loss of stac3 led to muscle weakness, as evidenced by delayed larval hatching. We observed decreased whole-body Ca2+ level at 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) and defects in the skeletal muscle cytoskeleton, i.e., F-actin and slow muscle fibers at 5 and 7 dpf. To this end, myogenesis regulators such as myoD and myf5, were significantly altered in stac3−/− larvae at 5 dpf. Homozygous larvae exhibited elevated neutral lipid levels at 5 dpf, which persisted beyond 7 dpf, followed by a progressive demise of the KO larva by 11 dpf. In summary, the presented findings suggest that stac3−/− can serve as a non-mammalian model to identify lipid-lowering molecules for refining muscle function in NAM patients.
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus triggers ISR involving SA and JA/Et defense-related pathways to respond against Ralstonia solanacearum in Arabidopsis and optimizes the cellular redox state maintaining reduced FITNESS levels.
Authors: Sre María Sol , Ripa María Belén , Gallozo Julieta Andrea , Bettucci Gabriel Roberto , Ferretti Matías Damián , D´Attilio Luciano David , Martínez María Laura , Orellano Elena Graciela , Rodriguez María Victoria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims: Pest biocontrol mechanisms are beneficial effects provided by plant-PGPBEs association and remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we evaluated the possible signaling pathways involved in Arabidopsis plant defense inoculated with beneficial endophytic bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and phytopathogen Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum.
Methods: Anatomical, physiological and genetic responses during GD-ISR (activated by inoculation with G. diazotrophicus Pal5), RP-IR (activated by inoculation with R. pseudosolanacearum GMI1000) and GDRP-ISR (both bacteria) were analyzed. Col-0, sid2 mutant and transgenic NahG were used for these studies and defense-related genes from SA and JA/Et pathways were investigated.
Results: sid2 plants showed reduced colonization by G. diazotrophicus with respect to Col-0 plants and increases in xylem tissue in stems and roots of inoculated sid228 dpi plants were less significant than those observed in Col-0. Pr1 transcripts were augmented in inoculated Col-0 plants, while pdf 1.2 levels remained unaltered, indicating a strong role of the SA pathway during GD-ISR. Transcripts myc2 levels were elevated during GD-ISR and upon R. pseudosolanacearum infection levels of pdf 1.2 increased significantly, indicating that G. diazotrophicus primes the defense response against R. pseudosolanacearum. During RP-IR, pdf1.2 levels increased indicating activation of the JA pathway by R. pseudosolanacearum. G. diazotrophicusmanaged to maintain low levels of fitness during GD-ISR and GDRP-ISR, leading to optimization of the stress responses network.
Conclusions: G. diazotrophicus utilizes the SA pathway for effective colonization and GD-ISR activation, and primes the JA defense pathway during GD-ISR to protect Arabidopsis against the R. pseudosolanacearum during GDRP-ISR.
Automated Classification of Undegraded and Aged Polyethylene Terephthalate Microplastics from ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Enyoh Christian Ebere , Wang Qingyue 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Automated analysis of microplastics is essential due to the labor-intensive, time-consuming, and error-prone nature of manual methods. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy offers valuable molecular information about microplastic composition. However, efficient data analysis tools are required to effectively differentiate between various types of microplastics due to the large volume of spectral data generated by ATR-FTIR. In this study, we propose a machine learning (ML) approach utilizing ATR-FTIR spectroscopy data for accurate and efficient classification of undegraded and aged polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics (MPs). We evaluate seven ML algorithms, including Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), Decision Tree (DT), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), to assess their performance. The models were optimized using 5-fold cross-validation and evaluated using multiple metrics such as confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall (sensitivity), and F1-score. The experimental results demonstrate exceptional performance by RF, GB, DT, and k-NN models, achieving an accuracy of 99% in correctly classifying undegraded and aged PET MPs. The proposed approach capitalizes on the potential of ATR-FTIR spectra to discern distinct chemical signatures of undegraded and aged PET particles, enabling precise and reliable classification. Furthermore, the method offers the benefit of automating the classification process, streamlining the analysis of environmental samples. It also presents the advantage of providing an effective means for method standardization, facilitating more automated and optimized extraction of information from spectral data. The method's versatility and potential for large-scale application make it a valuable contribution to the field of MP environmental research.
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Infant Rhesus Macaque Monkeys is Associated with an Altered Lung and Oral Microbiome
Authors: Siegel Noah A. , Jimenez Monica T. , Rocha Clarissa Santos , Rolston Matthew , Dandekar Satya , Solnick Jay V. , Miller Lisa A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
It is estimated that more than half of the world population has been infected with Helicobacter pylori. Most newly acquired H. pylori infections occur in children before 10 years of age. We hypothesized that early life H. pylori infection could influence the composition of the microbiome at mucosal sites distant to the stomach. To test this hypothesis, we utilized the infant rhesus macaque monkey as an animal model of natural H. pylori colonization to determine the impact of infection on the lung and oral microbiome during a window of postnatal development.
Results
From a cohort of 4–7-month-old monkeys, gastric biopsy cultures identified 44% of animals infected by H. pylori. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of lung washes and buccal swabs from animals showed distinct profiles for the lung and oral microbiome, independent of H. pylori infection. In relative order of abundance, the lung microbiome was dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, Campilobacterota and Actinobacteriota while the oral microbiome was dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Fusobacteriota. Relative to the oral cavity, the lung was composed of more genera and species that significantly differed by H. pylori status, with a total of 6 genera and species that were increased in H. pylori negative infant monkey lungs. Lung, but not plasma IL-8 concentration was also associated with gastric H. pylori load and lung microbial composition.
Conclusions
We found the infant rhesus macaque monkey lung harbors a microbiome signature that is distinct from that of the oral cavity during postnatal development. Gastric H. pylori colonization and IL-8 protein were linked to the composition of microbial communities in the lung and oral cavity. Collectively, these findings provide insight into how H. pylori infection might contribute to the gut-lung axis during early childhood and modulate future respiratory health.
Analysis of somatic GNAS mutations in a Chinese Acromegaly Cohort of 97 patients: Prevalence, Clinical characteristics and Gender differences
Authors: Yang Yamei , Yao Yong , Deng Kan , Xing Bin , Lian Wei , You Hui , Feng Feng , Lian Xin , Mao Xinxin , Gong Fengying , Wang Linjie , Chen Meiping , Ke Xiaoan , Miao Hui , Duan Lian , Zhu Huijuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Although somatic GNAS mutations were considered important cause of acromegaly currently, the GNAS mutation status in Chinese sporadic patients are unknown, and clinical characteristics of mutant patients are still uncertain.
Purpose: To investigate somatic GNAS mutation status and relevant clinical characteristics in Chinese sporadic acromegalic patients.
Results: Somatic GNAS heterozygous missense mutations happened in 44.3% (43/97) sporadic acromegaly patients. Mutant patients were males predominant (58.1% vs 33.3%, p=0.015), had longer diagnosis delay [72.0(48.0, 120.0) vs 36.0(21.0, 75.0) months, p=0.002], smaller tumor maximum diameter (1.75±0.83 vs 2.23±0.89cm, p=0.008) and higher GH secreted by per unit of tumor volume [18.93(9.67, 30.12) vs 10.91(2.80, 20.40) ng/mL/cm3, p=0.005]. As for gender differences, significantly higher baseline GH levels were only found in the comparison of male mutant patients to male mutation negative patients [24.40(14.40, 36.30) vs 10.55(5.25, 16.95) ng/mL, p=0.002], not in females. And much smaller tumor maximum diameter was only found in female GNAS mutated patients (1.55±0.55 vs 2.32±0.85cm, p<0.001), not in males.
Conclusions: GNAS mutations are common in Chinese sporadic acromegaly patients, and associated with smaller pituitary tumor sizes and stronger GH secretory functions, The clinical features of GNAS mutations can be affected by genders, and we proposed more attention should be paid on gender differences in the future clinical and basic studies of acromegaly.
Restraint stress, foot shock and corticosterone differentially alter autophagy in the rat hippocampus, basolateral amygdala and prefrontal cortex
Authors: Chen Yanmei , Zhou Xiaotao , Chu Boling , Xie Qunqun , Liu Zhenkun , Zhang Jichuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal degradation process that has recently been found to be associated with stress-related psychological diseases. However, previous studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the effects of various stress patterns on autophagy in different brain regions. This discrepancy may arise from differences in autophagy flux across nuclei, the type of stress experienced, and the timing of autophagy assessment after stress exposure. In this study, we assessed autophagy flux in the rat hippocampus (HPC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and basal lateral amygdala (BLA) by quantifying protein levels of p-ULK1, LC3-I, LC3-II, and p62 via Western blot analysis at 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min following various stress paradigms: restraint stress, foot shock, single corticosterone injection, and chronic corticosterone treatment. We found that: 1) hippocampal autophagy decreased within 1 hour of restraint stress, foot shock, and corticosterone injection, except for a transient increase at 30 min after restraint stress; 2) autophagy increased 1 hour after restraint stress and corticosterone injection but decreased 1 hour after foot shock in mPFC,; 3) In BLA, autophagy increased 1 hour after foot shock and corticosterone injection but decreased 1 hour after restraint stress; 4) Chronic corticosterone increased autophagy in mPFC and BLA but had no effects in HPC. These findings reveal temporally and spatially distinct autophagy flux patterns in the brain within 1 hour of stress exposure. Such dichotomous responses may contribute to the development of stress-related psychological disorders.