bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reparation Policy in Gendered Political Violence: Gendered Torture During the Dictatorship and the Recent “Social Explosion” in Chile
Authors: Cubillos-Vega Carla 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study explores the gendered violence dimension present in the torture exerted in Chile and the problems that continue to affect the reparation policies. The analysis covers the cases of political prisoners during the Chilean dictatorship (1973–1990) and that of the people detained within the context of the social protest of October 18, 2019. The methodology used for this study includes desk research on secondary sources on gendered political violence and torture such as scholarly books, journalistic and academic articles, and non-governmental organization reports, analyzing their contents from a perspective based on human rights and gender. We argue that the crystallization of gender-based violence exerted by Chilean State agents is linked to the biases present in post-dictatorship reparation policy and reflect on the impact of these biases on the assurances of non-repetition of human rights violations.
Verräterische Diskretion
Authors: Franzen Johannes 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungAnonymität oder markierte Pseudonymität deuten an, dass die Autor:in eines Textes sich in Gefahr befindet. Die Nichtnennung des Namens soll vor negativen Konsequenzen schützen. Ein solcher Schutz wäre bei einer fiktionalen Erzählung eigentlich nicht nötig, da die Erfundenheit von Handlung und Figuren referenzialisierende Lesarten ausschließen sollte. Trotzdem werden auch fiktionale Texte immer wieder anonym veröffentlicht. Diese Form der Publikation dient zwar vordergründig als Diskretionsstrategie, fungiert aber inoffiziell oft auch als Faktualitätssignal, das eine gefährliche oder skandalöse Realität hinter der Fiktion andeutet. So kann prekäre Autorschaft aufmerksamkeitsökonomisch effektiv inszeniert werden.
Natur, Recht, Kultur
Authors: Vollhardt Friedrich 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der auf verschiedene Disziplinen verteilten Forschung zur Frühen Neuzeit − Geschichte, Religion, Philosophie, Recht, Literatur − gilt es als ausgemacht, dass Samuel Pufendorf (1632–1694) zu den herausragenden Vertretern des modernen, säkularen Naturrechts gehört, dessen Werk über ein Jahrhundert eine kaum zu überschätzende Wirkung entfaltete. Wann hat die mit dem Namen von Pufendorf verbundene Forschungsentwicklung begonnen? Der Beitrag untersucht die wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Fragestellung am Beispiel der juristischen Dissertation von Hans Welzel (1904–1977), die 1931 in einem Teildruck in der DVjs erschienen ist.
Mediävistik zwischen Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte
Authors: Kiening Christian , Reichlin Susanne 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungFür die 1923 ins Leben gerufene DVjs sollten gemäß dem Programm ihrer Gründer das Mittelalter und die mittelalterliche Literatur eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert, wie dieses Programm in der Praxis realisiert und wie das Verhältnis von Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte in wechselnden Perspektiven konturiert wurde: von den frühen Ansätzen eines Günther Müller, Wolfgang Stammler oder Walther Rehm bis hin zu den Neubegründungen der Nachkriegszeit bei Hugo Kuhn. Sichtbar wird ein Stück Wissenschaftsgeschichte der germanistischen Mediävistik, das heute noch Aktualität besitzt.
Heat transfer and flow around curved corner cylinder: effect of attack angle
Authors: Abdelhamid Talaat , Rahma Ahmed G. , Alam Md. Mahbub , Chen Rongliang , Islam Md. , Zhou Qiang , Zhu Hongjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the fluid flow structure and heat transfer from an isothermal cylinder with a curved corner radius ratio (r/R) of 0.5, and attack angle (α) is varied between 0° ≤ α ≤ 45°. The cylinder is subjected to airflow at a Reynolds number (Re) = 180 and Prandtl number (Pr) = 0.7. This study focuses on the effect of α on the fluid forces, Strouhal number, Nusselt number, and flow structure, and wake bubble size. The sensitivity of the time-mean drag and lift forces is investigated to α, and they appear to be minimum at critical α of 5° and 12°, respectively. The increase of α from 0 to 45° results in about 12.9% enhancement in the heat transfer from the cylinder.
Denitrification is not Necessarily the Main Source of N2O from Rewetted Fens
Authors: Berendt Jacqueline , Wrage-Mönnig Nicole 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Drained agricultural peatlands are being increasingly rewetted for global warming mitigation. This creates novel ecosystems, with unclear effects on nitrogen cycling. Therefore, we aim to understand the impact of rewetting on nitrous oxide (N2O) production and its sources. Soil samples from pairs of sites differing in water regime (drained [D] and rewetted [W]) and peatland type (coastal fen [C], percolation fen [P] and alder forest [A]) in North-Eastern Germany were analyzed for microbial production pathways of N2O using the dual-isotope method with four tracers (H218O, N18O3−, 15NO3−, 15NH4+) in a laboratory incubation experiment. Unexpectedly, the largest N2O fluxes were found for rewetted sites. In four sites, denitrification dominated N2O production (80—90%). Only CW and AD displayed almost equal contributions of N2O from NO3− and NH4+, showing also largest maximum contributions of nitrifier denitrification (44–48%). Nitrification contributed less than 8% in all soils. Less than 20% of N2O was from nitrification-coupled denitrification. Soil samples with high initial water content, requiring drying prior to preincubation, displayed largest emissions, irrespective of peatland type or field water regime. Interestingly, if field conditions were dry and water was added for the preincubation, the contribution of nitrifiers to N2O production was increased, in line with larger concentrations of NO3−. The results confirm the enhancing effect of drainage on N2O fluxes. However, they also indicate a legacy effect of previous conditions on sources of N2O. Overall, short-term changes in water content had strong effects on fluxes, but not sources of N2O.
The Efficacy of Dienogest in Reducing Disease and Pain Recurrence After Endometriosis Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Muzii Ludovico , Di Tucci Chiara , Galati Giulia , Carbone Fabiana , Palaia Innocenza , Bogani Giorgio , Perniola Giorgia , Tomao Federica , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Di Donato Violante 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to determine whether dienogest therapy after endometriosis surgery reduces the risk of recurrence compared with placebo or alternative treatments (GnRH agonist, other progestins, and estro-progestins). The design used in this study is systematic review with meta-analysis. The data source includes PubMed and EMBASE searched up to March 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with guidelines from the Cochrane Collaboration. Keywords such as “dienogest,” “endometriosis surgery,” “endometriosis treatment,” and “endometriosis medical therapy” were used to identify relevant studies. The primary outcome was recurrence of endometriosis after surgery. The secondary outcome was pain recurrence. An additional analysis focused on comparing side effects between groups. Nine studies were eligible, including a total of 1668 patients. At primary analysis, dienogest significantly reduced the rate of cyst recurrence compared with placebo (p < 0.0001). In 191 patients, the rate of cyst recurrence comparing dienogest vs GnRHa was evaluated, but no statistically significant difference was reported. In the secondary analysis, a trend toward reduction of pain at 6 months was reported in patients treated with dienogest over placebo, with each study reporting a significantly higher reduction of pain after dienogest treatment. In terms of side effects, dienogest treatment compared with GnRHa significantly increased the rate of spotting (p = 0.0007) and weight gain (p = 0.03), but it was associated with a lower rate of hot flashes (p = 0.0006) and a trend to lower incidence of vaginal dryness. Dienogest is superior to placebo and similar to GnRHa in decreasing rate of recurrence after endometriosis surgery. A significantly higher reduction of pain after dienogest compared with placebo was reported in two separate studies, whereas a trend toward reduction of pain at 6 months was evident at meta-analysis. Dienogest treatment compared with GnRHa was associated with a lower rate of hot flashes and a trend to lower incidence of vaginal dryness.
An Army Marches on Its Stomach: Comparing Military Provisioning across North American Sixteenth- to Nineteenth-Century Forts
Authors: Welker Martin H. , Mathwich Nicole M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMilitary garrisons in North America were provisioned with a diet based primarily on domesticates. A relationship between colonial diets and nationality has been an assumed truism, encouraging the belief that colonial diets were static and predetermined by European norms and leading to devaluation of colonists’ adaptability and agency. We challenge that perspective using zooarchaeological data on soldiers’ diets at 49 American fortifications in North America. Statistical comparisons reveal that some sites relied heavily on provisioned livestock, while others did not. Dietary patterns were significantly impacted by accessibility, length of occupation, garrison size, and local infrastructure. This evidence suggests that reliance on wild game was an adaptive response to local environmental and cultural factors influencing the accessibility of preferred domesticates, regardless of nationality.
A Test of Hirschman’s Hiding Hand Principle in World Bank-Financed Hydropower Projects
Authors: Olasehinde-Williams Godwin , Jenkins Glenn P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study is an attempt to determine whether the need to get hydropower project appraisals perfectly right during the pre-construction phase, so as to prevent significant overruns along with benefit shortfalls, should supersede the need to deliver projects at the earliest possible time so as to meet the needs of the people. To achieve the study objective, we test whether the Hiding Hand principle is predominantly benevolent or malevolent. We argue that if the Hiding Hand is benevolent, then project stakeholders are better off focusing on the quick delivery of power projects; however, if it is malevolent, then more attention should be given to perfecting project appraisals. It transpires from the statistical analysis that the Benevolent Hiding Hand dominates the Malevolent Hiding Hand in the selected World Bank-financed hydropower projects (33% v. 21%), and that ultimately, 75% of the projects were even more successful than anticipated—while 25% of the projects failed. Our findings further show that while a total loss of 2.335 billion USD in the sampled dams was caused by the Malevolent Hiding Hand, 11.259 billion USD was gained as a result of the Benevolent Hiding Hand. The predominance of the Benevolent Hiding Hand justifies placing some weight on proceeding with hydropower projects that show significant promise even if all the implantation risks are not fully quantified at the appraisal stage, especially in developing countries.
The form of uncertainty affects selection for social learning
Authors: Turner Matthew A. , Moya Cristina , Smaldino Paul E. , Jones James Holland 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Social learning is a critical adaptation for dealing with different forms of variability. Uncertainty is a severe form of variability where the space of possible decisions or probabilities of associated outcomes are unknown. We identified four theoretically important sources of uncertainty: temporal environmental variability; payoff ambiguity; selection-set size; and effective lifespan. When these combine, it is nearly impossible to fully learn about the environment. We develop an evolutionary agent-based model to test how each form of uncertainty affects the evolution of social learning. Agents perform one of several behaviours, modelled as a multi-armed bandit, to acquire payoffs. All agents learn about behavioural payoffs individually through an adaptive behaviour-choice model that uses a softmax decision rule. Use of vertical and oblique payoff-biased social learning evolved to serve as a scaffold for adaptive individual learning – they are not opposite strategies. Different types of uncertainty had varying effects. Temporal environmental variability suppressed social learning, whereas larger selection-set size promoted social learning, even when the environment changed frequently. Payoff ambiguity and lifespan interacted with other uncertainty parameters. This study begins to explain how social learning can predominate despite highly variable real-world environments when effective individual learning helps individuals recover from learning outdated social information.
One Size Fits All? Handling Public Health and Environmental Risks in French Whistleblowing Legislation
Authors: Leclerc Olivier 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFrench whistleblower legislation establishes a unified legal regime for the treatment of reports and for the protection of whistleblowers. Drawing on French whistleblower law, recently amended by the transposition of Directive 2019/1937 of 23 October 2019, this article examines whether the specific features of whistleblowing in relation to public health and environmental risks are adequately addressed by this unified regime. The article identifies four key factors for the effective handling of whistleblowing relating to public health and the environment: (1) the possibility of protecting whistleblowers who report facts gathered outside the workplace; (2) the possibility of protecting legal persons as whistleblowers; (3) the possibility of carrying out in-depth investigations to characterise the reality of the risks reported; and (4) the possibility of archiving whistleblowing in order to detect weak signals of risks over the long term. In these four areas, the article provides a nuanced diagnosis of the situation in French law and offers suggestions for improvement.
Extraterritorial Enforcement Jurisdiction in Cyberspace: Normative Shifts
Authors: Ryngaert Cedric 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe most eye-catching effect of digitalization on the law of enforcement jurisdiction is the fading into irrelevance of territoriality. Insofar as the “physical” location of digital data—on a server—may be entirely fortuitous and may in fact not be known by the territorial state, it appears unreasonable for that state to invoke its territorial sovereignty as a shield against another state’s claims over such data. To prevent a jurisdictional free-for-all, however, it is key that the exercise of extraterritorial enforcement jurisdiction in cyberspace becomes subject to a stringent test weighting all relevant connections and interests in concrete cases. Introducing such a weighting test means that extraterritorial enforcement jurisdiction is no longer governed by binary rules (allowed and not allowed), but becomes a matter of degree, requiring a granular, contextual assessment. It remains the case that such a flexible attitude towards extraterritorial enforcement jurisdiction is not universally shared, and that relevant state practice and expert opinion in favor of the “un-territoriality of data” has a particular Western slant.
International Law and Digital Disease Surveillance in Pandemics: On the Margins of Regulation
Authors: Villarreal Pedro A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic elicited a surge in the use of digital tools to replace “classic” manual disease tracking and contact tracing across individuals. The main technical reason is based on the disease surveillance needs imposed by the magnitude of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus since 2020, particularly how these needs overwhelmed governments around the world. Such developments led to stark variations across countries in terms of legal approaches towards the use of digital tools, including self-reporting software and mobile phone apps, for both disease tracking and contact tracing. Against this backdrop, in this article I highlight some of the normative challenges posed by the digitalization of disease surveillance, underscoring its almost non-existent regulation under international law. I look back at the historical emergence of the epidemiological principles underlying this procedure, by referring to John Snow’s trailblazing work in cholera control. I emphasize how the COVID-19 pandemic prompted both technical and normative shifts related to the digitalization of these procedures. Furthermore, I refer to some of the overarching obstacles for deploying international law to tackle future tensions between the public health rationale for digitalized disease tracking and contact tracing, on the one hand, and normative concerns directly related to their legality, on the other hand. Lastly, I put forward conclusions in light of the current juncture of international health law reforms, and how they so far display limited potential to herald structural changes concerning the legality of the use of digital tools in disease surveillance.
Digitalization and its Systemic Impact on the Use of Force Regime: Legal Uncertainty and the Replacement of International Law
Authors: Tsagourias Nicholas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article explores the systemic impact of digitalization on the use of force regime. It identifies two types of impact: (i) legal uncertainty; and (ii) the replacement of international law. The article discusses legal uncertainty in relation to the content of the rules on the use of force and their application to digital uses of force as well as in relation to the facts that underpin digital uses of force. It then goes on to discuss the replacement of international law as a regulatory tool of the use of force by considering the impact of digitalization on the creation of customary law, legal personhood, and international law’s regulatory modality. The article’s findings are not limited to the impact of digitalization on the use of force regime but extend to international law in general.
Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae urine isolates from a national sample of home-based primary care patients with dementia
Authors: Datta Rupak , Pirruccio Gabrielle , Fried Terri R. , O’Leary John R. , Zullo Andrew R. , Cohen Andrew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnnual prevalences of antimicrobial resistance among urine isolates (3,913 Escherichia coli isolates and 1,736 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates) from home-based primary care patients with dementia were high between 2014 and 2018 (ciprofloxacin, 18%–23% and 5%–7%, respectively; multidrug resistance, 9%–11% and 5%–6%, respectively). Multidrug resistance varied by region. Additional studies of antimicrobial resistance in home-care settings are needed.
CONSTITUTIONALISM AT COMMON LAW: THE RULE OF LAW AND JUDICIAL REVIEW
Authors: Allan T.R.S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUK public law is often viewed as a sophisticated power struggle between rival institutions, an approach encouraged by the assumption that the law is ultimately dependent on such contingencies as the existence of an official consensus about its sources. From that perspective, legal judgments should be read as strategic moves within the political power-game. We can make better sense of public law if, instead, we interpret it as the articulation and enforcement of standards of legitimate governance, inspired by universal ideals of individual freedom and human dignity. The rule of Law denies the legal validity of arbitrary, unjustified assertions of power inimical to those ideals. Positive law is, at root, an instantiation of natural law, as the interplay of legal rule and underlying principle, characteristic of common law reasoning, confirms. There are important implications for our understanding of the constitutional foundations of judicial review, the limits of parliamentary sovereignty, the nature of the principle of legality, and the scope and content of fundamental rights.
Intimate partner violence as a determinant of pregnancy termination among women in unions: evidence from the 2016–2018 Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Agyemang-Duah Williams , Asare Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah , Adu Collins , Agyekum Amma Kyewaa , Peprah Prince 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is a demonstrated link between intimate partner violence (IPV) and pregnancy termination, and this association has received much attention in developed settings. Despite the high prevalence of IPV in Papua New Guinea (PNG), little is known about the association between these experiences and pregnancy termination. This study examined the association between IPV and pregnancy termination in PNG. The present study used population-based data from the PNG’s first Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2016–2018. The analysis involved women aged 15–49 years who were in intimate unions (married or co-habiting). We used binary logistic regression modelling to analyse the association between IPV and pregnancy termination. Results were reported as crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, 6.3% of women involved in this study had ever terminated a pregnancy, and 6 in 10 women (61.5%) reported having experienced IPV in the last 12 months preceding the survey. Of those women who experienced IPV, 7.4% had ever terminated a pregnancy. Women who had experienced IPV had a 1.75 higher odds of reporting pregnancy termination (cOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.29–2.37) than women who did not experience IPV. After controlling for theoretically and empirically relevant socio-demographic and economic factors, IPV remained a strong and significant determinant of pregnancy termination (aOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.22–2.30). The strong association between IPV and pregnancy termination among women in intimate unions in PNG calls for targeted policies and interventions that address the high prevalence of IPV. The provision of comprehensive sexual reproductive health, public education, and awareness creation on the consequences of IPV, regular assessment, and referral to appropriate services for IPV may reduce the incidence of pregnancy termination in PNG.
Phenotypic associations of medical polypectomy and revision surgery following endoscopic sinus surgery: a retrospective study of a single-centre experience in Scotland
Authors: Misirovs Rasads , Chan Rory , Stewart Kirsten , Lipworth Brian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSome chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients undergo revision surgery at some point following initial functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This review aimed to identify the predictive factors for recurrence of nasal polyps requiring oral corticosteroids or revision surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps following functional endoscopic sinus surgery.MethodA retrospective analysis of 221 patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in a tertiary rhinology centre, between January 2015 and December 2018, was undertaken.ResultsForty-four (21.6 per cent) patients underwent medical polypectomy, 19 (9 per cent) underwent revision surgery and 51 (24.3 per cent) underwent combined polypectomy during the mean follow-up time of 5.3 years. Patients aged less than 55 years of age, with a history of previous functional endoscopic sinus surgery, peripheral blood eosinophil counts of 300 cells/μl or higher, a Lund–Mackay score of more than 17 and concomitant aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease had significantly increased odds for medical polypectomy, revision surgery and combined polypectomy.ConclusionKnowing these predictive factors, clinicians can better identify patients with an increased likelihood of severe polyp recurrence and therefore arrange closer follow-up to optimise therapy.