bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervention Design of High-Intensity Interval Training in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: Narrative Review and Future Perspectives
Authors: Veith Daniel D. , Linde Margaux B. , Wiggins Chad C. , Zhao Kristin D. , Garlanger Kristin L. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have lower levels of physical activity compared to the nondisabled population. Exercise guidelines recommend moderate or vigorous exercise to improve cardiovascular health and reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in persons with SCI. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a popular exercise choice and encompasses brief periods of vigorous exercise paired with intermittent periods of recovery.

Objectives
This review describes the available literature on HIIT for individuals with SCI, including differences in protocol design and suggested areas of further investigation.

Methods
Our institution’s library system performed the comprehensive search. The primary keywords and phrases used to search included spinal cord injury, high-intensity interval training, tetraplegia, paraplegia, and several other related terms.

Results
Initially 62 records were screened, and 36 were deemed outside the scope of this review. Twenty-six studies published between 2001 and 2021 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were divided among two researchers for review and analysis. All records required persons with SCI and a standardized HIIT intervention. Study design varied widely with respect to mode of exercise, prescribed intensity, duration of performance intervals, and session duration. This variability necessitates further investigation into the specifics of a HIIT prescription and the associated outcomes for persons with SCI.

Conclusion
Standardization of HIIT protocols may lead to more robust conclusions regarding its effects on cardiorespiratory fitness as well as mitigation of cardiometabolic risk factors. Meta-analyses will eventually be needed on proper dosing and session parameters to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors.
PENERAPAN PENGELOLAAN PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI STRATEGI PQ4R DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Rohman Asep , Efriani Arvin , Wardani Ambarsari Kusuma , Lutfiah Husnah 
Published: May 2023

This study aims to see the management of PQ4R learning in improving students' mathematical understanding. This research is an experimental study. The population in this study was grade VIII MTs Negeri 2 Way Kanan students, the sample in this study was taken by random class technique, by lottery which aimed to take samples that had the same ability so that 37 students of grade VIII A were obtained as an experimental class using the PQ4R strategy and class VIII B totaling 39 students as a control class using expository strategies. After learning in the experimental class and control class for five meetings, continued with data collection. In the data collection process, the author uses tests, documentation and data analysis consisting of pretest and posttest.
The research method used to see the magnitude of the influence, data analysis is calculated using the normalized gain formula (N-Gain) then to see the magnitude of the influence a t-test is carried out. The results showed that the average N-Gain obtained by the experimental class was 0.61 while the average gain of the control class was 0.54. Based on the results of analysis and data processing using the t-test, tcount = 2.633 > ttable = 1.992, with a significant level of 5%. Since t counts > ttable then Ho is rejected. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the PQ4R strategy has a significant influence in improving the mathematical understanding of grade VIII MTs Negeri 2 Way Kanan students
HUBUNGAN PENGHAYATAN NILAI-NILAI NASIONALISME DAN PATRIOTISME DENGAN KEDISPLINAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI SMA IMMANUEL MEDAN SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN 2022
Authors: Manik Ervina , Sihotang Henni Emmiana , Manulang Manahan , Purba Alimin 
Published: May 2023

Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara penghayatan nilai nilai nasionalisme dan patriotisme dengan kedisplinan belajar siswa SMA Immanuel medan semester ganjil tahun 2022. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasional. Populasi dalam penilitan ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA berjumlah 45 orang. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pengambilan sampel teknik total sampel yaitu pengambilan sampel sebanyak populasi sejumlah 45 orang. Hubungan penghayatan nilai-nilai nasionalisme dan patriotisme yang valid 11 item sedangkan untuk kedisiplinan belajar siswa yang valid 9 item Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah angket yang terdiri dari 15 item yang memiliki 4 pilihan yang sebelumnya telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil uji persyaratan Analisis normalitas. data penghayatan nilai nilai nasionalisme dan patriotisme berdistribusi normal dengan hasil perhitungan x2hitung < x2tabel (11,06< 61,65). Data normalitas kedisplinan belajar berdistribusi normal dengan hasil perhitungan x2hitung < x2tabel (8,96 < 61,65). Hasil uji linearitas data penghayatan nilai nilai nasionalisme dan patriotisme dengan kedisplinan belajar adalah linear dengan persamaan Y = 4,78 +0,686 dikonsultasikan dengan Ftabel diperoleh Fh>Ft ( 13,3 >4,04). Uji kecenderungan Penghayatan nilai nilai nasionalisme dan patriotisme(X kategorikan cenderung tinggi (33,6%) dan kedisplinan belajar (Y) kategori cendrung baik ( 35,55%). Hasil uji korelasi product moment yang diperoleh rhitung > rtabel( 0,780 > 0,288). hasil uji t diperoleh thitung > ttabel ( 8,609 >0,288). maka hal ini menunjukan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara penghayatan nilai nilai nasionalisme dan patriotisme dengan kedisplinan belajar siswa di kelas XI SMA Immanuel medan semester ganjil tahun 2022
Determinant factors of treatment adherence of hypertensive patients in a rural area of Indonesia
Authors: Visuddho Visuddho , Kurniawan Putu Astiswari Permata , Rafidah Salsabilla Firdausi , Zamzam Ramadhani Rizki , Roslan Ezrin Syariman Bin , Habibi Muhammad Raihan , Yasargil Muhammad Gazi , Atika Atika , Supratiwi Atni 
Published: May 2023

Background: The surging prevalence of hypertension due to lifestyle brought forth an increase in degenerative diseases. Adherence is important in achieving the effectiveness of therapy. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting medication adherence in patients with hypertension.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 20-24 February 2023 at Turirejo Village, Lawang District, Malang, Indonesia. Participants were hypertensive patients currently receiving treatment. The MMAS-8 questionnaire was used to classify adherence to medication for hypertension. Analysis with binary logistic regression test was performed on variables to display odds ratio values was conducted at a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: A total of 37 adults diagnosed with hypertension participated in this study. Patients were dominantly consisting of elderly (≥ 56 years old; 73.0%) and females (86.0%). Seventy-six percent of patients have low adherence, twenty-four percent of patients have moderate adherence, and no patient has high adherence. Duration of illness, knowledge, and attitude variables significantly affect adherence (low and moderate) to medication for hypertension. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with a duration of illness above 10 years (Adjusted OR 18.27; 95% CI 1.72-194.47; p-value 0.016) and positive attitude towards treatment (Adjusted OR 12.76; 95% CI 1.25-130.40; p-value 0.032, respectively) increase the possibility of moderate adherence towards the medication of hypertension.
Conclusion: Improvements in factors that affect adherence to hypertension treatment are needed to increase the success of the Non-Communicable Disease Prevention Program. Further research in identifying factors of economic capacity and access to health service providers is needed to validate the results of this study.
The Effect of Physical Activity on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Authors: Jankunec Marija , Šerėnaitė Ugnė , Lukoševičiūtė Sonata , Gierasimovič Zita 
Published: May 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by narrowing of the respiratory tract. Deterioration of pulmonary ventilation occurs, as a result of which tissues and organs are insufficiently supplied with oxygen.
The aim. To review scientific literature sources and provide data on the impact of physical activity on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
The research method. The review covered scientific literature sources from the period between 2009 and 2021. Electronic scientific literature search was carried out on PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., using keywords and their combinations. Full-text and freely accessible English-language articles were included. A total of 18 literature sources were considered appropriate.
The results and conclusions. COPD is characterized by coughing, shortness of breath, sputum production, and changes in blood gases. The effect of gas (stimulus) damages lung tissue. Low tolerance to physical exertion significantly complicates respiratory function. COPD is a progressive disease. One of the main COPD stimuli is shortness of breath, which restricts daily physical activity and may have a decisive impact on disability development. Age, behavioural risk factors, emphysema, chronic obstructive bronchitis, and metabolic syndromes are predisposing risk factors for COPD. As the disease progresses, physical activity decreases. Passive physical activity manifests itself in symptoms of shortness of breath and fatigue.
OSTEOMA CUTIS ASSOCIADO À DERMATITE CRÔNICA PROVOCADA POR SUCESSIVOS PROCESSOS INFLAMATÓRIOS: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Lima da Silveira Leonardo , Monteiro dos Santos Felipe Augusto , Mucare Eduardo , Romualdo Rodrigues Andressa 
Published: May 2023

Osteoma cutis é uma doença rara caracterizada pela presença de tecido ósseo na camada da derme e hipoderme. Possui etiopatogenia incerta, a qual se baseia em duas principais teorias, a desordem embriológica com acúmulo de células mesenquimais que se diferenciam em osteoblastos e a teoria do fenômeno de metaplasia de células mesenquimais que diretamente formam fibroblastos que produzem tecido ósseo em locais anômalos. Uma de suas possíveis etiologias é a inflamação crônica provocada por outras afecções. Nesse relato é apresentado o caso de uma paciente, de 55 anos, que apresentou osteoma cutis, com antecedentes de lesões dermatológicas associadas à exposição importante ao sol, as quais evoluíram gradativamente com o tempo. Com destaque para as lesões: rosácea não granulomatosa e acne. O objetivo desse relato é descrever o curso da doença e suas características clínico-histológicas. O relato descreve o curso da doença e discute relacionando com fatores de risco e progressão com cronificação, porém carece de diferentes fontes sobre a enfermidade, dessa forma, ilustra a necessidade de novos estudos sobre o assunto para elucidar o desfecho da doença.
Bonferroni Mean Operators Based on Interval-Valued Picture Hesitant Fuzzy Information and Their Application in Decision-Making Problems
Authors: Ali Zeeshan , Mahmood Tahir 
Published: May 2023

In this article, we invent the Bonferroni mean (BM) operators using interval-valued picture hesitant fuzzy (IVPHF) technique, called IVPHF Bonferroni mean (IVPHFBM), IVPHF-weighted BM (IVPHFWBM), IVPHF geometric BM (IVPHFGBM), and IVPHF-weighted geometric BM (IVPHFWGBM) operators. These presented techniques are very beneficial and valuable because these are modified versions of many existing techniques. Moreover, we also examine three basic properties of each presented operator. In addition, we demonstrate the technique of multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem and try to describe it with the presence of evaluated techniques to show the capability and superiority of the invented theory. In last, we compare the prevailing techniques with presented studies to illustrate the supremacy and effectiveness of the derived approaches.

Received: 10 April 2023 | Revised: 15 May 2023 | Accepted: 25 May 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Setiawati Deva , Safira Della , Kartika Yessi 
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa pada meter lingkaran di kelas XI IPA 3 SMA Negeri 2 Peusangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas, subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 3 SMA Negeri 2 Peusangan yang berjumlah 24 orang siswa. Adapun instrument yang digunakan adalah 4 soal tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa. Penelitian juga menggunakan subjek wawancara sebanyak 5 siswa yang terdiri dari 1 siswa berkemampuan tinggi, 2 siswa berkemampuan sedang dan 2 siswa berkemampuan rendah. Skor presentase yang diperoleh dari hasil tes akhir siklus 1 belum sesuai dengan kriteria hasil yang ditetapkan pada siklus yaitu hanya 66.6% yang mencapai nilai ≥ 65, sedangkan hasil observasi terhadap kegiatan peneliti dan siswa sudah mencapai target yaitu 75.5% untuk itu peneliti termasuk ke siklus II. Pada siklus ke II kegiatan peneliti dan siswa sudah mencapai kriteria yang ditetapkan yaitu 86.6% dan 84.4% dengan nilai ≥ 65 dan hasil observasi terhadap kegiatan peneliti dan siswa sudah mencapai kriteria yang ditetapkan yaitu 86.6% dan 84.4%. Jadi berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi siswa.
Molecular identification and detection of some virulence and antibiotic genes in Pantoea spp. isolated from clinical samples
Authors: Hameed Shahab Noor , Maher Abed Suha , Hasan Salih Maan 
Published: May 2023

Introduction and Aim: Pantoea species, are Gram negative bacteria that belong to the family Erwiniaceae. These bacteria are opportunistic pathogens known to cause several clinical infections in humans. The purpose of current research was to study the prevalence and identification of Pantoea spp. based on 16S rRNA sequencing, as well as detect the presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in samples isolated from clinical cases.

Materials and Methods: For the identification of Pantoea spp., DNA extracted from isolates were subjected to 16s rRNA amplification by PCR. Pantoea isolates were assessed for the presence of virulence (EsaI and ompA), and antibiotic (bacA, oqxB, qnrA, and ermB) genes using specific primers.

Results: Three new strains were recorded based on results of 16S rRNA sequencing. The virulence gene Esal was prevalent in all isolates (100%) tested while 15/16 (94%) of isolates had ompA genes. The antibiotic-resistant gene oqxB was found in all isolates (100%), followed by bacA (87.5%), qnrA (75%), and ermB (37%) genes.

Conclusion: Pantoea spp isolated from clinical samples were seen to harbor virulence as well as antimicrobial genes indicating the isolates to be pathogenic.
An approach to classification and reporting lymph node cytopathology using Sydney system and evaluating the likelihood of malignancy
Authors: Shibu Robert Ankita , Saldanha Crysle 
Published: May 2023

Introduction and Aim: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), is a frequently employed diagnostic procedure in identifying lymph node pathology. This study aims to categorise cytological aspirates from lymph nodes according to the Sydney system and in addition determine the likelihood of cancer occurrence in the classified categories.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study analysing lymph node cytology was performed retrospectively between January 2021 to December 2022, and the findings were classified into five groups from L1 to L5 as proposed by the Sydney System. By comparing the diagnoses with the corresponding histological diagnosis, statistical analysis was used to evaluate the probability of malignancy linked with each group.

Results: Out of 279 fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) tests performed for lymphadenopathy, 39 cases were compared with histopathological results. The cases classified to the categories L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 were 11/279 (3.9%), 170/279 (60%), 2/279 (0.7%), and 93/279 (33%) accordingly. The likelihood of developing cancer was found to be 33.33%, 8.8%, 56.4%, 83.33%, and 94.74% for each group.

Conclusion: To achieve uniformity and repeatability in cytopathological diagnosis, the recommended Sydney method of lymph node cytology reporting and classification can be effective.
Relationship between core muscles, leg arch, hamstring and lumbar flexibility on pop-up ability among surfers
Authors: Anak Agung Gede Eka Septian Utama  , I Dewa Gd Alit Kamayoga  , M. Widnyana  , I Putu Yudi Pramana Putra  
Published: May 2023

Background: Surfing is a sport that requires alternating high, medium, and low intensity at one time. Surfing combines three phases, namely paddling, pop-up, and wave-ride. The surf pop-up phase is characterized by a change from a paddling position to a standing position on the surfboard in one dynamic motion. During this transition, a surfer must move 75% of his body weight in less than one second. Pop-up movement is a unique challenge for the human motor system because it must be done quickly, with sufficient strength, on a moving and unstable surface that requires the readiness of the bio motoric component to avoid injury. This study aimed to see the relationship between core muscles, leg arches, hamstring, and lumbar flexibility on pop-up ability among surfers.
Methods: The research uses analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples was 80 people with inclusion criteria, men aged 20-40 years and at least one year of surfing experience. Core muscles were measured using the curl-up test, the footprint test measured leg arches, hamstring flexibility by the sit and reach test, lumbar flexibility by the modified Schober's test, and pop-up ability using the time to pop-up. The research was conducted in Badung regency.
Results: This study showed a significant and strong relationship between core muscles (r= 0,57, p-value< 0.001), leg arches (rs= 0.33-0.43, p-values= 0.009 - <0.001), hamstring and lumbar flexibility (rs= 0.31-0.50, p-values= 0.013 - <0.001) on pop-up ability among surfers.
Conclusion: There were significant relationships between the core muscles, leg arches, hamstring and lumbar flexibility on pop-up ability among surfers.
The effect of additional breathing exercises in postural training on decreasing the hyperkyphosis curve in the elderly
Authors: Ilmanisa  , Muthiah Munawwarah  , Kesit Ivanali  , Trisia Lusiana Amir  
Published: May 2023

Background: Elderly is someone who is classified as old and is experiencing the aging process. The risk of falling and decreased function are two of the many geriatric syndromes, which are affected by various things, such as muscle weakness, imbalance, and poor posture.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the difference in the effect of adding deep breathing exercises on postural training and only postural training on reducing the hyperkyphosis curve.
Methods: This study is quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test group design, in which the thoracic kyphosis curve is measured with a flexible ruler. The total sample in this study was 22 people divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 11 people with the intervention given, namely postural training, and group 2 consisted of 11 people with the intervention given, namely postural training and deep breathing exercise.
Results: Hypothesis testing I and II using the Paired sample t-test showed a value of p=0.000, with an average value before and after in group 1 of 54.17 ± 2.39 and 50.90 ± 2.43, while in group 2, it was 54.61 ± 2.07 and 50, 11±1.93. Furthermore, Hypothesis testing III used the Mann Whitney-u tried and obtained a value of p=0.000 with a difference in group 1 of 3.26 ± 0.57 and group 2 of 4.50 ± 0.41.
Conclusion: There is a significant difference in effectiveness with the addition of breathing exercises in postural training and postural training alone in reducing the hyperkyphosis curve.
AUDIT OF AUTOPSIES 2016 A RETROSPECTIVE, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: NIMRA ISHFAQ  , MARYAM SHAKOOR  , SAMIA WALI  , HAMUYUN TAIMOOR  , ARIF RASHEED MALIK5  
Published: May 2023

Objectives: This is an audit of the total autopsies conducted in the study carried out in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department KEMU, Lahore from 1st January to 31st December 2016. Methodology: The total number of autopsies conducted in the department were 785. All known and unknown cases were included. The data was classified according to age, gender as well as manner of death which includes homicide, suicide, accidental, natural deaths, deaths due to stillbirth and unascertained cases.
Results: Total number of dead bodies registered were 1879, of which 785 autopsies were conducted. The number of unknown bodies received were 401 and post-mortem conducted on these were 345. The male to female ratio is 5.6:1. The age group with the highest incidence of death is 20-29 (22.5%).Out of the 785 cases 383(48.7%) were homicidal and only 15 (1.9%) were suicidal. The most commonly used weapon was firearm with the frequency of 19.4% followed by blunt means 13.1%. The frequency of Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) was found to be 3.8%. Deaths due to bomb blast injury comprised 1.4% of the total cases. The most reported cases of autopsy was the City Division with 384 cases (48.9%) followed by Cantt Division with 136 cases(17.3%).
Conclusion: Victims were mostly male. The most affected age group was 20-29. The most common manner of death is homicidal. The commonest weapon is firearm and blunt means. RTA is a significant cause of death. The area with the highest reported death is City Division followed by Cantt division.