bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐time visualization of lung malignancy with needle‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy during shape‐sensing robotic‐assisted bronchoscopy
Authors: Diaz‐Churion Fabiana , Yu Lee‐Mateus Alejandra , Abia‐Trujillo David , Johnson Margaret M. , Khoor Andras , Patel Neal M. , Reisenauer Janani , Fernandez‐Bussy Sebastian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRobotic‐assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) improves endoscopic diagnostic yield of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). Needle‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) is an emerging technology that allows high‐resolution, in‐vivo, real‐time assessment of living tissues at a cellular and subcellular level. Their combined use has been scarcely reported. We used them simultaneously in three patients with SPNs. For each, the nodule was evaluated with nCLE and sampled for pathology, followed by mediastinal staging. Median age was 77 years (67% male). Median nodule minimum size was 1.8 cm and maximum was 2.1 cm. nCLE detected abnormal patterns suggestive of malignancy for all nodules and pathology confirmed primary lung adenocarcinomas in two patients and lung primary squamous cell carcinoma in the other. The combined use of RAB with nCLE may potentially enhance the differentiation of malignant cells in real‐time and increase sample adequacy, accuracy, and diagnostic yield when biopsying a suspicious pulmonary lesion.
The immune paradox of SARS‐CoV‐2: Lymphocytopenia and autoimmunity evoking features in COVID‐19 and possible treatment modalities
Authors: Gerlach Joachim , Baig Abdul Mannan , Fabrowski Mark , Viduto Valentina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 causes multiorgan damage to vital organs and tissue that are known to be due to a combination of tissue tropisms and cytokine‐mediated damage that it can incite in COVID‐19. The effects of SARS‐Co‐2 on the lymphocytes and therefore on the immune response have attracted attention recently in COVID‐19 to understand its effects in causing a chronic state of ongoing infection with Long‐COVID. The associated lymphopaenia and autoimmune disease state, which is an apparent paradox, needs to be researched to dissect possible mechanisms underlying this state. This paper attempts to unravel the aforesaid immune paradox effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on the lymphocytes and discusses appropriate treatment modalities with antiviral drugs and nutraceuticals which could prove virucidal in SARS‐CoV‐2 seeding monocytes and lymphocytes in patients with COVID‐19 and Long‐COVID. Importantly it proposes a new in vitro treatment modality of immune regulating cells that can help patients fight the lymphopaenia associated with COVID‐19 and Long‐COVID.
Three‐Dimensional Fluorescent Imaging to Monitor the Dynamic Distribution of Organic Additives in Polymers
Authors: Huang Dandan , Zhang Lijuan , Sun Shihao , Li Peng , Fu Yingjie , Tian Rui , Lu Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganic additives were dynamically distributed in the polymer, tailoring the micro‐structure and macro‐performances of organic‐organic composites. However, it remains a challenge to provide a direct and spatial monitoring of organic additives inside polymer matrix. Herein, we introduced the confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize the three‐dimensional and dynamic distribution of organic additives inside the polymer, taking amino silicone oil (ASO) in polyethylene as a model. The ASO was crosslinked under thermal treatment, exhibiting green fluorescence. Such a fluorescent variation of ASO can be monitored in a three‐dimensional space, and the dynamic distribution of ASO could be visualized and quantified by the fluorescence volume of the cross‐linked ASO. Dynamic studies showed that the reaction rates increased from 1.5×10−5 s−1 at 40 °C to 5.2×10−5 s−1 at 100 °C. The variations of reaction rates for ASO well explained the promoted mechanical properties for the composites. Our findings could provide the detailed understandings for the relation between the distribution of organic additives and macroscopic properties for organic‐organic composites.
Light Driven ZnO/AuNP Micro/Nanomotor with Controlled Rotation and Phototaxis
Authors: Han Xiaoxia , Chen Zongchen , Liu Yingying , Song Bo , Zhang Hui , Dong Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLight driven micro/nanomotor (MNM) has shown great potential in applications such as active matter, biomedicine, etc. However, it is still challenging to achieve novel movement behaviors with good controllability and precision. In this work, we have achieved the controlled motion behavior of the light‐driven MNM consisting of ZnO microrod with decorated gold nanoparticle (AuNP). By adjusting the irradiation condition, the ZnO/AuNP MNM is able to rotate around the center, rotate around one end, rotate to a designated angle, move in helical or translational fashion. The movement relies on the self‐electrophoresis, the self‐thermophoresis or their combination. We believe that this work not only sheds light on the regulation of the movement behaviors of light driven MNMs but also provides new ideas for the development of MNMs with self‐adaptive features.
Exploration of Some Bis‐Sulfide and Bis‐Sulfone Derivatives as Non‐Classical Aldose Reductase İnhibitors
Authors: Türkeş Cüneyt , Demir Yeliz , Biçer Abdullah , Cin Günseli Turgut , Gültekin Mehmet Serdar , Beydemir Şükrü 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAldose reductase (AR, ALR2; EC 1.1.1.21), an enzyme that converts glucose to fructose on the polyol pathway, is an important member of the Aldo‐keto reductase superfamily. ALR2 is part of the rate‐limiting step, which is associated with diabetic complications in this process, and plays a role in regulating reactive oxygen species induced by growth factors and cytokines. Despite the fact that sulfides and sulfones have been discovered to have a variety of other biological functions, in the current study, we assessed the ALR2 inhibitory potential of the derivatives of bis‐sulfide (5 a–i) and bis‐sulfone (6 a–i) in order to further our interest in designing and discovering powerful ALR2 inhibitors. The results of the biological investigations showed that all of the derivatives exhibit activity against ALR2, with KI values ranging from 0.53±0.03 to 4.20±0.06 μM. Among these agents, 2,6‐bis((4‐chlorophenyl)(phenylthio)methyl)cyclohexan‐1‐one (5 h), 2,6‐bis((3‐nitrophenyl)(phenylthio)methyl)cyclohexan‐1‐one (5 c), and 2,6‐bis((3‐chlorophenyl)(phenylthio)methyl)cyclohexan‐1‐one (5 g) exhibited prominent inhibitory activity with KI constants of 0.53±0.03 μM, 0.65±0.04 μM, and 0.71±0.05 μM, respectively, against ALR2 and were found to be more potent than epalrestat (KI=0.79±0.01 μM) is currently, the only ALR2 inhibitor (ALR2I) utilized in treatment. Additionally, in silico molecular docking experiments were carried out to explain how these bis‐sulfides (5 a–i) and bis‐sulfones (6 a–i) interacted with the target enzyme ALR2′s binding site. According to the ADME‐Tox study, these compounds are predicted to be ALR2Is with appropriate drug‐like characteristics. The study‘s findings on sulfides and sulfones could be exploited to create innovative therapeutics that prevent diabetes complications.
Diagnosis and management of isthmocele (Cesarean scar defect): a SWOT analysis
Authors: Dominguez J. A. , Pacheco L. Alonso , Moratalla E. , Carugno J. A. , Carrera M. , Perez‐Milan F. , Caballero M. , Alcázar J. L. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this State‐of‐the‐Art Review was to provide a strategic analysis, in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis), of the current evidence regarding the management of uterine isthmocele (Cesarean scar defect). Strengths include the fact that isthmocele can be diagnosed on two‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasound, and that surgical repair may restore natural fertility potential and prevent secondary infertility, as well as reduce the risk of miscarriage and other obstetric complications. However, there is a lack of high‐quality evidence regarding the best diagnostic method and criteria, as well as the potential benefits of surgical repair with respect to fertility. There is a need for experienced surgeons skilled in the various isthmocele repair techniques. Isthmocele repair does not prevent the need for Cesarean delivery in subsequent pregnancies. There is increasing awareness regarding the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosing isthmocele. This may lead to surgical correction and prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications in subsequent pregnancies, including Cesarean scar pregnancy. Regarding threats, the existence of different surgical techniques means that there is a risk of selecting an inadequate approach if the type of isthmocele and the patient's characteristics are not considered. There is a risk of overtreatment when asymptomatic defects are repaired surgically. Finally, there is an absence of cost‐effectiveness analyses to justify routine repair. Thus, while there are many data suggesting that isthmocele has an adverse effect on both natural fertility and the outcome of assisted reproduction techniques, high‐quality evidence to support surgical isthmocele repair in all asymptomatic patients desiring future fertility are lacking. There is increasing agreement to recommend hysteroscopic repair of isthmocele as a first‐line approach as long as the residual myometrial thickness is at least 2.5–3.0 mm. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Cerebral volume is unaffected after pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Canjels L. P. W. , Alers R. J. , van de Ven V. , Hurks P. P. M. , Gerretsen S. C. , Brandt Y. , Kooi M. E. , Jansen J. F. A. , Backes W. H. , Ghossein‐Doha C. , Spaanderman M. E. A. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesPre‐eclampsia has been associated with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and/or psychological complaints. Signs of altered brain morphology and more white‐matter hyperintensities (WMHs) during and shortly after pre‐eclampsia have been observed in some, but not all, studies. We compared volumes of cerebral structures and the number of WMHs between formerly pre‐eclamptic women and those with normotensive gestational history and assessed the effect of age on brain volumes.MethodsStructural 7‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed in 59 formerly pre‐eclamptic women (aged 37 ± 6 years, 0.5–16 years postpartum) and 20 women with a history of normotensive pregnancy (aged 39 ± 5 years, 1–18 years postpartum). Fazekas scores were obtained to assess WMH load. Volumes of the whole brain, gray and white matter, brain lobes, and ventricular and pericortical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces were calculated after semiautomatic segmentation. Group differences were analyzed using ANCOVA and Bayes factors. Results were adjusted for age, educational attainment, presence of current hypertension and total intracranial volume. The effect of age on cerebral volumes was analyzed using linear regression analysis.ResultsNo changes in global and local brain volumes were observed between formerly pre‐eclamptic and control women. Also, no difference in WMH load was observed. Independent of pre‐eclamptic history, gray‐matter volume significantly decreased with age, while ventricular and pericortical CSF space volumes significantly increased with age.ConclusionsVolumetric changes of the cerebrum are age‐related but are independent of pre‐eclamptic history in the first two decades after childbirth. No evidence of greater WMH load after pre‐eclampsia was found. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Confined placental mosaicism: placental size and function evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Dyhr J. J. , Linderoth I. R. , Hansen D. N. , Frøkjær J. B. , Peters D. A. , Sinding M. , Sørensen A. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesEvidence regarding placental function in pregnancies complicated by confined placental mosaicism (CPM) is conflicting. We aimed to compare placental function between CPM and non‐CPM pregnancies prenatally and at birth. A secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between placental function and chromosomal subtype of CPM.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of pregnancies with CPM and control pregnancies delivered at a tertiary hospital in Denmark between 2014 and 2017. Placental volume and placental transverse relaxation time (T2*) were estimated on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fetal weight and uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) were estimated on ultrasound and fetoplacental ratio was assessed on MRI and at birth. These estimates of placental function were adjusted for gestational age and compared between groups using the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. Within the group of CPM pregnancies, measures of placental function were compared between those at high risk (chromosome numbers 2, 3, 7, 13 and 16) and those at low risk (chromosome numbers 5, 18 and 45X).ResultsA total of 90 pregnancies were included, of which 12 had CPM and 78 were controls. MRI and ultrasound examinations were performed at a median gestational age of 32.6 weeks (interquartile range, 24.7–35.3 weeks). On MRI assessment, CPM placentae were characterized by a lower placental T2* Z‐score (P = 0.004), a lower fetoplacental ratio (P = 0.03) and a higher UtA‐PI Z‐score (P = 0.03), compared with non‐CPM placentae. At birth, the fetoplacental ratio was significantly lower (P = 0.02) and placental weight Z‐score was higher (P = 0.01) in CPM pregnancies compared with non‐CPM pregnancies. High‐risk CPM pregnancies showed a reduced placental T2* Z‐score (P = 0.003), lower birth‐weight Z‐score (P = 0.041), earlier gestational age at delivery (P = 0.019) and higher UtA‐PI Z‐score (P = 0.028) compared with low‐risk CPM pregnancies. Low‐risk CPM pregnancies did not differ in any of these parameters from non‐CPM pregnancies.ConclusionsCPM pregnancies are characterized by an enlarged and dysfunctional placenta. Placental function was highly related to the chromosomal type of CPM; placental dysfunction was seen predominantly in high‐risk CPM pregnancies in which chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 13 or 16 were involved. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The Dynamics of the Green Policies in Papua Land: A Political Economy Study
Authors: Sari Yulia Indrawati 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe provincial governments of Papua and West Papua have expressed their commitments and enacted policies to develop Papua Land in a sustainable manner through the issuance of Papua 2100 Vision, the 2019 Manokwari Declaration, and the ‘green’ spatial plan of Papua province. However, the implementation of these policies in balancing protection of forests and improvement of livelihood of indigenous Papuans has been slow. By employing a political economy approach, the study explores how interactions between the political economy structure, institutions, and actors have resulted in slow implementation of such commitments, particularly in reviewing the compliance of land-based industry licenses and acknowledging customary (adat) areas. The study was conducted between February 2020 and March 2021 and encompassed approximately 50 key informant interviews – including donors, civil society organizations, adat leaders, national and subnational governments, observers, academics, and journalists – and document review. The findings of this study suggest that the reform is mainly driven by development partners and limited numbers of bureaucrats that align with the indigenous Papuans’ interest to protect their land from outsiders. The small coalitions were successful in focusing their effort to enact green policies in the two provinces. However, the study highlights constraints faced by these actors to turn the policies into actions: (1) the existence of wide array of powerful actors – non-Papuans and Papuans – with strong economic and political interests identified at central, provincial, and regency level to hinder the enforcement of problematic land-based licenses and clarify adat areas; (2) the absence of broad-based political support. These have hampered the implementation of the green policies under the two aspects above. This study recommends reviewing policy at the national level to create enabling environment for green policies implementation in both provinces, e.g., to review the Omnibus Law, supporting the regency-level actors to accelerate issuance of the perda PPMHA and local-level regulations on adat-managed areas, supporting licenses review in Southern part of Papua Province to limit the operation of these businesses to expand in forest areas and disrespect adat rights over their lands, and exploring engagement with the opposing parties at all administrative level.
Coordination Challenges Facing Effective Flood Governance in the Ciliwung River Basin
Authors: Clegg Georgina , Haigh Richard , Amaratunga Dilanthi , Rahayu Harkunti Pertiwi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Ciliwung River in Java, Indonesia, is known to cause frequent flooding in the downstream capital city of Jakarta. From source to mouth the river flows through several administrative units. Indonesia’s decentralised governance structure means that each unit has the authority to develop its own plans and to address its own objectives. Not only that, but flood management spans many sectors, and these sectors need to work together throughout the decentralised governance system. This can pose a significant challenge to achieving integrated river management to mitigate flooding, where plans need to be carefully coordinated and high levels of collaboration are required. This chapter examines the current governance arrangements in the Ciliwung River Basin, to understand what challenges may be preventing successful coordination of flood management. The findings of the study are based on a systematic review of the literature conducted within the frame of the NERC and RISTEK-BRIN funded project: Mitigating hydrometeorological hazard impacts through improved transboundary river management in the Ciliwung River Basin. The findings suggest several issues that restrict the effectiveness of coordination for flood mitigation in the Ciliwung Basin. Imprecisely defined roles and responsibilities, issues including lack of capacity at the local level, insufficient coordination between local administrations, and limitations to the function of coordination platforms are some of the challenges identified. The findings highlight that coordination challenges do not only exist at basin scale, but that coordination issues beyond the basin can also have an impact. Overall, the chapter presents insights into the coordination challenges facing flood governance in urban transboundary basins. It also provides insights for practitioners on what aspects of river governance may need to be improved to support flood risk reduction, as well as potential topics for future research.
Transformative Solutions in the Global South: Addressing Solid Waste Management Challenges in Jakarta Through Participation by Civil Society Organizations?
Authors: Abdulnabi Ali Abeer , Golbert Yuliya , Reksa Abdul Fikri Angga , Kretzer Michael M. , Schweiger Stefan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlobal solid waste generation is steeply increasing. Currently, high-income countries are responsible for the utmost per capita waste generation, but as economies of the Global South are growing rapidly, their waste is expected to triple by 2050. Simultaneously, countries such as Indonesia did not manage to align their socio-economic development with a sustainable solid waste management (SWM) and therefore contribute significantly to waste debris. Community participation is recognized by governments and civil society actors as an inclusive and transformative tool to manage exacerbating environmental issues. Urban regions intensify the challenges of solid waste generation, as is the case in Jakarta. Therefore, sustainable waste management is subject to an increasing number of civil society organizations. The study analyzed how participative processes within SWM efforts in Jakarta are executed, to investigate potentials and obstacles that evolve during the implementation. Another aim was to explore the heterogenous perspectives of participation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with civil society actors, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs), social enterprises, and waste banks to get insights into participatory procedures in Jakarta. The results reveal that the waste problems in Jakarta are complex, interrelated, and multi-layered. While participatory procedures have been acknowledged by the organizations to be highly relevant for waste management, such approaches should be adapted depending on the local circumstances and actors. Some of the obstacles and limitations include deficiency of infrastructure for SWM, lack of government engagement, and general awareness. Therefore, participatory formats should be combined, e.g., with suitable structures and balanced engagement of all relevant actors. Among others, further empirical research is needed to get a better understanding of the effectiveness of participation for efforts addressing environmental pollution. Such research can reveal (hidden) potentials of participative formats for sustainable waste management in urban or metropolitan areas in the Global South.
Climate Action in a Far-Flung Archipelagic Nation: Outlining Challenges in Capacity-Building
Authors: Karuniasa Mahawan , Indrawan Mochamad , Haryanto Joko Tri , Rulliadi Dudi , Hindarto Dicky Edwin , Bassar Emilia , Halimatussadiah Alin , Impron  , Aldrian Edvin , Atmoko Andreo Wahyudi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis climate action study illustrates the issues of capacity-building in the highly complex governance setting of Indonesia’s more than 500 districts, each with their specific issues around mitigation and adaptation that pose challenges for both top-down and, equally important, bottom-up approaches. Some regions have made commendable progress; however, there is benefit in ensuring that the progress in one region is sufficient to establish it as a benchmark for others. Institutionalization of capacity-building is key in highlighting the role of civil society networks—especially those that can reach the far-flung districts of Indonesia—in creating trust in the regions where they are distributed.