bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of a Donor‐Acceptor Stenhouse Adduct (DASA): 5‐((2Z,4E)‐5‐(Diethylamino)‐2‐Hydroxypenta‐ 2,4‐Dien‐1‐Ylidene)‐2,2‐Dimethyl‐1,3‐Dioxane‐4,6‐ Dione
Authors: Stricker Friedrich , Peterson Julie , de Alaniz* Javier Read 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the procedure for preparation of a Donor‐Acceptor Stenhouse Adduct (DASA): 5‐((2z,4e)‐5‐(Diethylamino)‐2‐hydroxypenta2,4‐dien‐1‐ylidene)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐4,6‐dione. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. Since their discovery, DASA's promising properties – visible light activation, high extinction coefficient, negative photochromicity, large volume and polarity change – have enabled a number of applications including drug release, phase transfer, programmable adhesion, photothermally controlled flow, and amine and heat sensing.
Discussion Addendum For: Detrifluoroacetylative Diazo Group Transfer: (
E
)‐1‐Diazo‐4‐phenyl‐3‐buten‐2‐one
Authors: Faialaga Nathan H. , Danheiser* Rick L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

This chapter describes the procedure for detrifluoroacetylative diazo group transfer:(
E
)‐1‐Diazo‐4‐phenyl‐3‐buten‐2‐one. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. It then highlights the application of the detrifluoroacetylative diazo transfer method to several important classes of compounds.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Dimethyl 4(
S
)‐Allyl‐N‐Boc‐L‐Glutamate and Related Congeners
Authors: Mishra Akash , Hanessian* Stephen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

This chapter describes the procedure for stereoselective synthesis of dimethyl 4(
S
)‐allyl‐N‐Boc‐L‐glutamate and related congeners. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. It has been known for some time that the treatment of an N‐trityl L‐glutamate dimethyl ester with a non‐nucleophilic base such as LDA will generate the corresponding lithium enolate from the distal ester which can be reacted with benzyl chloroformate.
Transformation of a
N
,
N
‐Dimethylaniline
N
‐Oxide into a Tetrahydroquinoline Scaffold via a Formal Polonovski‐Povarov Reaction
Authors: Isaac Elizabeth L. , Tumbelty Lauren N. , Chain* William J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Tetrahydroquinolines are among the most privileged scaffolds in organic chemistry. This chapter describes the procedure for transformation of a N,N‐dimethylaniline N‐oxide into a tetrahydroquinoline scaffold via a formal Polonovski‐Povarov reaction. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Dosimetrically triggered adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: Considerations for the implementation of clinical protocols
Authors: Barragán‐Montero Ana M. , Van Ooteghem Geneviève , Dumont Damien , Rivas Sara Teruel , Sterpin Edmond , Geets Xavier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeDefining dosimetric rules to automatically detect patients requiring adaptive radiotherapy (ART) is not straightforward, and most centres perform ad‐hoc ART with no specific protocol. This study aims to propose and analyse different steps to design a protocol for dosimetrically triggered ART of head and neck (H&N) cancer. As a proof‐of‐concept, the designed protocol was applied to patients treated in TomoTherapy units, using their available software for daily MVCT image and dose accumulation.MethodsAn initial protocol was designed by a multidisciplinary team, with a set of flagging criteria based only on dose‐volume metrics, including two action levels: (1) surveillance (orange flag), and (2) immediate verification (red flag). This protocol was adapted to the clinical needs following an iterative process. First, the protocol was applied to 38 H&N patients with daily imaging. Automatic software generated the daily contours, recomputed the daily dose and flagged the dosimetric differences with respect to the planning dose. Second, these results were compared, by a sensitivity/specificity test, to the answers of a physician. Third, the physician, supported by the multidisciplinary team, performed a self‐analysis of the provided answers and translated them into mathematical rules in order to upgrade the protocol.The upgraded protocol was applied to different definitions of the target volume (i.e. deformed CTV + 0, 2 and 4 mm), in order to quantify how the number of flags decreases when reducing the CTV‐to‐PTV margin.ResultsThe sensitivity of the initial protocol was very low, specifically for the orange flags. The best values were 0.84 for red and 0.15 for orange flags. After the review and upgrade process, the sensitivity of the upgraded protocol increased to 0.96 for red and 0.84 for orange flags.The number of patients flagged per week with the final (upgraded) protocol decreased in median by 26% and 18% for red and orange flags, respectively, when reducing the CTV‐to‐PTV margin from 4 to 2 mm. This resulted in only one patient flagged at the last fraction for both red and orange flags.ConclusionOur results demonstrate the value of iterative protocol design with retrospective data, and shows the feasibility of automatically‐triggered ART using simple dosimetric rules to mimic the physician's decisions. Using a proper target volume definition is important and influences the flagging rate, particularly when decreasing the CTV‐to‐PTV margin.
Defining the natural history of tumefactive demyelination: A retrospective cohort of 257 patients
Authors: Fereidan‐Esfahani Mahboubeh , Decker Paul A , Weigand Stephen D. , Lopez Chiriboga Alfonso S. , Flanagan Eoin P , Tillema Jan‐Mendelt , Lucchinetti Claudia F , Eckel‐Passow Jeanette E. , Tobin W. Oliver 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe demographic, clinical, and radiographic features of tumefactive demyelination (TD) and identify factors associated with severe attacks and poor outcomes.MethodsRetrospective review of TD cases seen at Mayo Clinic, 1990–2021.ResultsOf 257 patients with TD, 183/257 (71%) fulfilled the 2017 multiple sclerosis (MS) McDonald criteria at the last follow‐up, 12/257 (5%) had myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD), 0 had aquaporin‐4‐IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorders (AQP4+ NMOSD), and 62/257 (24%) were cryptogenic. Onset before age 18 was present in 18/257 (7%). Female to male ratio was 1.3:1. Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal (CSF) bands were present in 95/153 (62%). TD was the first demyelinating attack in 176/257 (69%). At presentation, 59/126 (47%) fulfilled Barkhof criteria for dissemination in space, 59/100 (59%) had apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) restriction, and 57/126 (45%) had mass effect. Despite aggressive clinical presentation at onset, 181/257 (70%) of patients remained fully ambulatory (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] ≤4) after a 3.0‐year median follow‐up duration. Severe initial attack‐related disability (EDSS ≥4) was more common in patients with motor symptoms (81/143 vs. 35/106, p < 0.0001), encephalopathy (20/143 vs. 2/106, p < 0.0001) and ADC restriction on initial MRI (42/63 vs. 15/33, p = 0.04). Poor long‐term outcome (EDSS ≥4) was more common in patients with older onset age (41.9 ± 15 vs. 36.8 ± 15.6, p = 0.02) and motor symptoms at onset (49/76 vs. 66/171, p < 0.0001).InterpretationMost TD patients should be considered part of the MS spectrum after excluding MOGAD and NMOSD. Motor symptoms and older age at presentation portend a poor outcome.
Clinically studied or clinically proven? Memory for claims in print advertisements
Authors: Murphy Dillon H. , Schwartz Shawn T. , Alberts Kylie O. , Siegel Alexander L. M. , Carone Brandon J. , Castel Alan D. , Drolet Aimee 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdvertisers often use specifically chosen wording to convey the effectiveness of their product and we investigated memory accuracy for the scientific claims put forth by product advertisements. Participants were shown a cognitive enhancement product advertisement and were tested on their memory for various details. Critically, we were interested in participants' memory for a phrase describing the product as either “clinically proven” (indicating the product is effective) or “clinically studied” (which is ambiguous). Generally, both younger and older adults demonstrated poor memory for this detail and were more likely to remember the product as having been “proven” to be effective than to have been “studied”. Thus, we demonstrate the fallibility of memory and the potential for reliance on schematic knowledge in the absence of a veridical record of one's memory for the advertisement. We suggest that ambiguous efficacy claims be carefully considered by consumers so as not to be misled.
Rational Design of Covalent Multiheme Cytochrome‐Carbon Dot Biohybrids for Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Authors: Zhang Huijie , Casadevall Carla , van Wonderen Jessica H. , Su Lin , Butt Julea N. , Reisner Erwin , Jeuken Lars J. C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiohybrid systems can combine inorganic light‐harvesting materials and whole‐cell biocatalysts to utilize solar energy for the production of chemicals and fuels. Whole‐cell biocatalysts have an intrinsic self‐repair ability and are able to produce a wide variety of multicarbon chemicals in a sustainable way with metabolic engineering. Current whole‐cell biohybrid systems have a yet undefined electron transfer pathway between the light‐absorber and metabolic enzymes, limiting rational design. To enable engineering of efficient electron transfer pathways, covalent biohybrids consisting of graphitic nitrogen doped carbon dots (g‐N‐CDs) and the outer‐membrane decaheme protein, MtrC from Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 are developed. MtrC is a subunit of the MtrCAB protein complex, which provides a direct conduit for bidirectional electron exchange across the bacterial outer membrane. The g‐N‐CDs are functionalized with a maleimide moiety by either carbodiimide chemistry or acyl chloride activation and coupled to a surface‐exposed cysteine of a Y657C MtrC mutant. MtrC∼g‐N‐CD biohybrids are characterized by native and denaturing gel electrophoresis, chromatography, microscopy, and fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy. In the presence of a sacrificial electron donor, visible light irradiation of the MtrC∼g‐N‐CD biohybrids results in reduced MtrC. The biohybrids may find application in photoinduced transmembrane electron transfer in S. oneidensis MR‐1 for chemical synthesis in the future.
Surface Growth of Boron Nitride Nanotubes through Boron Source Design
Authors: Zhou Zhengyang , Zhang Kai , Xiao Guang , Wang Ying , He Qian , Wang Nanyang , Wu Liyun , Yao Yagang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBoron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are promising materials due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Fabrication technologies based on gas‐phase reactions reduce the control and collection efficiency of BNNTs due to reactant and product dispersion within the reaction vessel. A surface growth method that allows for controllable growth of BNNTs in certain regions using a preburied boron source is introduced. This work leverages the high solubility of boron in metals to create a boronized layer on the surface which serves as the boron source to confine the growth of BNNTs. Dense and uniform BNNTs are obtained after loading catalysts onto the boronized substrate and annealing under ammonia. Confirmatory experiments demonstrate that the boride layer provides boron for BNNTs growth. Furthermore, the patterned growth of BNNTs is realized by patterning the boronizing region, demonstrating the controllability of this method. In addition, the Ni substrate with BNNTs growth exhibits better performance in corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity than pure Ni. This study introduces an alternative strategy for the surface growth of BNNTs based on boron source design, which offers new possibilities for the controllable preparation of BNNTs for various applications.
Efficient and Scalable Large‐Area Organic Solar Cells by Asymmetric Nonfullerene Acceptors Based on 9H‐Indeno[1,2‐b]pyrazine‐2,3,8‐Tricarbonitrile
Authors: Gopikrishna Peddaboodi , Rhee JinHyeong , Yoon Seongwon , Um DuHyeon , Jin Hyunjung , Jun Yongseok , Choi Huijeong , Son Hae Jung , Kim BongSoo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt remains challenging to fabricate efficient, scalable large‐area organic solar cells (OSCs) owing to the unfavorable morphology of photoactive blend films. To address this challenge, two asymmetric nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) IPC1CN‐BBO‐IC2F and IPC1CN‐BBO‐IC2Cl are synthesized, where 12,13‐bis(2‐butyloctyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2′“,3′”:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno‐[3,2‐b]indole (BBO) is the molecular core, and two types of end groups are appended to its ends, namely the 9H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyrazine‐2,3,8‐tricarbonitrile (IPC1CN) end group and one of 2‐(5,6‐dihalo‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile end groups (IC2F or IC2Cl). These NFAs facilitate effective tuning of light absorption and energy levels, offer high carrier mobilities, and allow for the formation of appropriate morphologies. Note that these benefits apply even to large‐area devices, unlike typical Y6‐based NFAs. In addition, a random copolymer PM6‐PBDBT(55) is synthesized and its energy levels are optimally matched with those of the asymmetric NFAs. The blade‐coated 1 cm2‐area OSCs based on PM6‐PBDBT(55):IPC1CN‐BBO‐IC2Cl exhibit a PCE of 14.12%, which is higher than that of PM6‐PBDBT(55)‐IPC1CN‐BBO‐IC2F‐based OSCs. More importantly, the PM6‐PBDBT(55):IPC1CN‐BBO‐IC2Cl‐based large‐area (58.50 cm2) modules yield an impressive PCE of 11.28% with a small cell‐to‐module loss in fill factor. These results suggest that a combination of the asymmetric molecular design using the IPC1CN group and the terpolymer strategy will pave a new path for fabricating highly efficient and scalable large‐area OSCs.
Composite Flexible Sensor Based on Bionic Microstructure to Simultaneously Monitor Pressure and Strain
Authors: Wang Meng , Lin Zhaohua , Ma Suqian , Yu Yingqing , Chen Boya , Liang Yunhong , Ren Lei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo achieve the human sense of touch, a strain sensor needs to be coupled with a pressure sensor to identify the compliance of the contacted material. However, monitoring the pressure‐strain signals simultaneously and ensuring no coupling effect between the two signals is the technical bottleneck for the flexible tactile sensor to. Herein, a composite flexible sensor based on microstructures of lotus leaf is designed and manufactured, which integrates the capacitive pressure sensor and the resistance strain sensor into one pixel to realize the simultaneous detection of pressure and strain. The electrode layer of the capacitance sensor also plays the role of the resistance strain sensor, which greatly simplifies the structure of the composite flexible sensor and obtains the compact size to integrate more easily. The device can simultaneously detect pressure and deformation, and more importantly, there is no coupling effect between the two kinds of signals. Here, the sensor has high pressure sensitivity (0.784 kPa−1 when pressure less than 100 kPa), high strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 4.03 for strain 0–40%), and can identify materials with different compliance, which indicates the tactile ability as the human skin performs.
Construction of Porous Perovskite Oxide Microrods with Au Nanoparticle Anchor for Precise Metabolic Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhang Heyuhan , Shi Fangying , Yan Yinghua , Deng Chunhui , Sun Nianrong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive illness, and early diagnosis and treatment can help delay its progression. However, clinics still lack high‐throughput, low‐invasive, precise, and objective diagnostic strategies. Herein, the Au nanoparticles anchored porous perovskite oxide microrods (CTO@Au) with designed superior properties is developed to construct a high‐throughput detection platform. Specifically, a single metabolic fingerprinting is obtained from only 30 nL of serum within seconds, enabling the rapid acquisition of 239 × 8 high‐quality fingerprints in ≈ 2 h. AD is distinguish from health controls and Parkinson's disease with an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.000. Moreover, eight specific metabolites are identified as a biomarker panel, based on which precise diagnosis of AD is achieved, with an AUC of 1.000 in blind test. The possible relevant pathways and potential mechanism involved in these biomarkers are investigated and discussed. This work provides a high‐performance platform for metabolic diagnostic analysis.
Toward Corneal Limbus In Vitro Model: Regulation of hPSC‐LSC Phenotype by Matrix Stiffness and Topography During Cell Differentiation Process
Authors: Kauppila Maija , Mörö Anni , Valle‐Delgado Juan José , Ihalainen Teemu , Sukki Lassi , Puistola Paula , Kallio Pasi , Ilmarinen Tanja , Österberg Monika , Skottman Heli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA functional limbal epithelial stem cells (LSC) niche is a vital element in the regular renewal of the corneal epithelium by LSCs and maintenance of good vision. However, little is known about its unique structure and mechanical properties on LSC regulation, creating a significant gap in development of LSC‐based therapies. Herein, the effect of mechanical and architectural elements of the niche on human pluripotent derived LSCs (hPSC‐LSC) phenotype and growth is investigated in vitro. Specifically, three formulations of polyacrylamide gels with different controlled stiffnesses are used for culture and characterization of hPSC‐LSCs from different stages of differentiation. In addition, limbal mimicking topography in polydimethylsiloxane is utilized for culturing hPSC‐LSCs at early time point of differentiation. For comparison, the expression of selected key proteins of the corneal cells is analyzed in their native environment through whole mount staining of human donor corneas. The results suggest that mechanical response and substrate preference of the cells is highly dependent on their developmental stage. In addition, data indicate that cells may carry possible mechanical memory from previous culture matrix, both highlighting the importance of mechanical design of a functional in vitro limbus model.
Interelectrode Talk in Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Ma Jun , Zhang Shu , Zheng Yue , Huang Tianpeng , Sun Fu , Dong Shanmu , Cui Guanglei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSolid‐state lithium‐metal batteries have been identified as a strategic research direction for the electric vehicle industry because of their promising high energy density and potential characteristic safety. However, the intrinsic mechanical properties of solid materials cause inevitable electro‐chemo‐mechanical failure of electrodes and electrolytes during charging and discharging; these failure mechanisms include lithium penetration and formation of cracks and voids, which pose a serious challenge for the long cycle life of solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries. Here, a short overview of the recent advances with a view to understand this challenge is provided. Furthermore, new insights into the cross‐talk behavior between the cathode and lithium‐metal anode are provided based on the non‐uniform Li+ flux inducing interactional electro‐chemo‐mechanical failure. Furthermore, guidelines for designing stable solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries and research directions to figure out the interelectrode‐talk‐related electro‐chemo‐mechanical failure mechanism are presented, which can be significant for accelerating the development of solid‐state lithium batteries.
Realization and Control of Bulk and Surface Modes in 3D Nanomagnonic Networks by Additive Manufacturing of Ferromagnets
Authors: Guo Huixin , Deenen Axel J. M. , Xu Mingran , Hamdi Mohammad , Grundler Dirk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe high‐density integration in information technology fuels the research on functional 3D nanodevices. Particularly ferromagnets promise multifunctional 3D devices for nonvolatile data storage, high‐speed data processing, and non‐charge‐based logic operations via spintronics and magnonics concepts. However, 3D nanofabrication of ferromagnets is extremely challenging. In this work, an additive manufacturing methodology is reported, and unprecedented 3D ferromagnetic nanonetworks with a woodpile‐structure unit cell are fabricated. The collective spin dynamics (magnons) at frequencies up to 25 GHz are investigated by Brillouin Light Scattering (BLS) microscopy and micromagnetic simulations. A clear discrepancy of about 10 GHz is found between the bulk and surface modes, which are engineered by different unit cell sizes in the Ni‐based nanonetworks. The angle‐ and spatially‐dependent modes demonstrate opportunities for multi‐frequency signal processing in 3D circuits via magnons. The developed synthesis route will allow one to create 3D magnonic crystals with chiral unit cells, which are a prerequisite toward surface modes with topologically protected properties.
Molecular‐Additive‐Assisted Tellurium Homogenization in ZnSeTe Quantum Dots
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Paritmongkol Watcharaphol , Mills Harrison A. , Hassan Yasser , Zhu Tong , Wang Ya‐Kun , Liu Yuan , Wan Haoyue , Park So Min , Jung Euidae , Tam Jason , Lyu Quan , Cotella Giovanni Francesco , Ijaz Palvasha , Chun Peter , Hoogland Sjoerd 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAddition of aqueous hydrohalic acids during the synthesis of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) is widely employed to achieve high‐quality QDs. However, this reliance on the use of aqueous solutions is incompatible with oxygen‐ and water‐sensitive precursors such as those used in the synthesis of Te‐alloyed ZnSe QDs. Herein, it is shown that this incompatibility leads to phase segregation into Te‐rich and Te‐poor regions, causing spectral broadening and luminescence peak shifting under high laser irradiation and applied electrical bias. Here, a synthetic strategy to produce anhydrous‐HF in situ by using benzenecarbonyl fluoride (BF) as a chemical additive is reported. Through in situ 19F NMR spectroscopy, it is found that BF reacts with surfactants in tandem, ultimately producing intermediary F···H···trioctylamine adducts. These act as a pseudo‐HF source that releases anhydrous HF. The controlled release of HF during nucleation and growth steps homogenizes Te distribution in ZnSeTe lattice, leading to spectrally stable blue‐emitting QDs under increasing laser flux from ≈3 µW to ≈12 mW and applied bias from 2.6 to 10 V. Single‐dot photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and analyses of the absorption, PL and transient absorption spectra together with density functional theory point to the role of anhydrous HF as a Te homogenizer.