bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VLF and Ionospheric D‐Region Perturbations Associated With WWLLN‐Detected Lightning in the South Pacific Region
Authors: Chand Atishnal Elvin , Kumar Abhikesh , Kumar Sushil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe subionospheric early very low frequency (VLF) perturbations observed on NWC (19.8 kHz) navigational transmitter signal monitored at a low‐latitude station, Suva (18.1°S, 178.5°E), Fiji, during campaign periods of November 2011, 2012, and 2014 and December 2014, are presented. Early VLF events are associated with D‐region conductivity changes mainly produced by lightning‐generated transient luminous events (TLEs). Early VLF events occurred both during daytime and nighttime, with a considerably higher occurrence at nighttime. VLF perturbations caused by lightning strokes located up to 100 km off the transmitter‐receiver great circle path (TRGCP) are attributed to narrow‐angle scattering, while lightning strokes 100–500 km off the TRGCP are considered to cause early VLF events by wide‐angle scattering. Using the World Wide Lightning Location Network data, for the first time, we have studied the relationship between the energy of lightning strokes and the level of VLF perturbations. Greater is the energy of lightning, greater would be the strength of the VLF perturbation. However, the low‐energy lightning stroke can also produce a comparable level of perturbation to that of strong lightning. The modeling results of scattered amplitude (M) and echo phase (ϕE) of the unusually long recovery early/fast VLF event showed a better exponential fit (r ∼ 0.9) than the logarithmic fit. Long‐wavelength propagation capability (LWPC) code modeling of nighttime early VLF events considering causative TLE width of 50 km column indicated a decrease in the D‐region reference height (Hʹ) by up to 30 km and an increase in the sharpness factor (β) by 0.25 km−1.
In Situ Geologic Context Mapping Transect on the Floor of Jezero Crater From Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Observations
Authors: Crumpler L. S. , Horgan B. H. N. , Simon J. I. , Stack K. M. , Alwmark S. , Dromart G. , Wiens R. C. , Udry A. , Brown A. J. , Russell P. , Amundson H. E. F. , Hamran S.‐E. , Bell J. , Shuster D. , Calef F. J. , Núñez J. , Cohen B. A. , Flannery D. , Herd C. D. K. , Hand K. P. , Maki J. N. , Schmidt M. , Golombek M. P. , Williams N. R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn situ geologic context mapping based on rover and helicopter observations provides documentation of a nearly continuous record of geology and exposed surface structure over a 120 m‐wide corridor along the traverse of the Mars 2020/Perseverance rover. The results record the geologic context of Mars 2020 campaign sites and sample sites, including the local extent of bedrock outcrops, stratigraphy, attitude, and structure from imaging and rover‐based remote sensing, and outcrop lithology based on in situ proximity science. Mapping identifies a sequence of igneous lithologies including (a) early mafic, possibly intrusive, rocks; (b) pervasively fractured and deeply altered massive bedrock of undetermined protolith; (c) buried and exhumed lava flows with pahoehoe and aa textures; (d) several varieties of regolith; and (e) small impact craters.
IgSF11-mediated phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase M2 regulates osteoclast differentiation and prevents pathological bone loss
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Takegahara Noriko , Choi Yongwon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOsteoclasts are primary bone-resorbing cells, and receptor-activated NF-kB ligand (RANKL) stimulation is the key driver of osteoclast differentiation. During late-stage differentiation, osteoclasts become multinucleated and enlarged (so-called “maturation”), suggesting their need to adapt to changing metabolic demands and a substantial increase in size. Here, we demonstrate that immunoglobulin superfamily 11 (IgSF11), which is required for osteoclast differentiation through an association with the postsynaptic scaffolding protein PSD-95, regulates osteoclast differentiation by controlling the activity of pyruvate kinase M isoform 2 (PKM2). By using a system that directly induces the activation of IgSF11 in a controlled manner, we identified PKM2 as a major IgSF11-induced tyrosine-phosphorylated protein. IgSF11 activates multiple Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs), including c-Src, Fyn, and HcK, which phosphorylate PKM2 and thereby inhibit PKM2 activity. Consistently, IgSF11-deficient cells show higher PKM2 activity and defective osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, inhibiting PKM2 activities with the specific inhibitor Shikonin rescues the impaired osteoclast differentiation in IgSF11-deficient cells, and activating PKM2 with the specific activator TEPP46 suppresses osteoclast differentiation in wild-type cells. Moreover, PKM2 activation further suppresses osteoclastic bone loss without affecting bone formation in vivo. Taken together, these results show that IgSF11 controls osteoclast differentiation through PKM2 activity, which is a metabolic switch necessary for optimal osteoclast maturation.
Understanding repertoire sequencing data through a multiscale computational model of the germinal center
Authors: García-Valiente Rodrigo , Merino Tejero Elena , Stratigopoulou Maria , Balashova Daria , Jongejan Aldo , Lashgari Danial , Pélissier Aurélien , Caniels Tom G. , Claireaux Mathieu A. F. , Musters Anne , van Gils Marit J. , Rodríguez Martínez María , de Vries Niek , Meyer-Hermann Michael , Guikema Jeroen E. J. , Hoefsloot Huub , van Kampen Antoine H. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSequencing of B-cell and T-cell immune receptor repertoires helps us to understand the adaptive immune response, although it only provides information about the clonotypes (lineages) and their frequencies and not about, for example, their affinity or antigen (Ag) specificity. To further characterize the identified clones, usually with special attention to the particularly abundant ones (dominant), additional time-consuming or expensive experiments are generally required. Here, we present an extension of a multiscale model of the germinal center (GC) that we previously developed to gain more insight in B-cell repertoires. We compare the extent that these simulated repertoires deviate from experimental repertoires established from single GCs, blood, or tissue. Our simulations show that there is a limited correlation between clonal abundance and affinity and that there is large affinity variability among same-ancestor (same-clone) subclones. Our simulations suggest that low-abundance clones and subclones, might also be of interest since they may have high affinity for the Ag. We show that the fraction of plasma cells (PCs) with high B-cell receptor (BcR) mRNA content in the GC does not significantly affect the number of dominant clones derived from single GCs by sequencing BcR mRNAs. Results from these simulations guide data interpretation and the design of follow-up experiments.
Surface warming and wetting due to methane’s long-wave radiative effects muted by short-wave absorption
Authors: Allen Robert J. , Zhao Xueying , Randles Cynthia A. , Kramer Ryan J. , Samset Bjørn H. , Smith Christopher J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough greenhouse gases absorb primarily long-wave radiation, they also absorb short-wave radiation. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of methane short-wave absorption, which enhances its stratospherically adjusted radiative forcing by up to ~ 15%. The corresponding climate impacts, however, have been only indirectly evaluated and thus remain largely unquantified. Here we present a systematic, unambiguous analysis using one model and separate simulations with and without methane short-wave absorption. We find that methane short-wave absorption counteracts ~30% of the surface warming associated with its long-wave radiative effects. An even larger impact occurs for precipitation as methane short-wave absorption offsets ~60% of the precipitation increase relative to its long-wave radiative effects. The methane short-wave-induced cooling is due largely to cloud rapid adjustments, including increased low-level clouds, which enhance the reflection of incoming short-wave radiation, and decreased high-level clouds, which enhance outgoing long-wave radiation. The cloud responses, in turn, are related to the profile of atmospheric solar heating and corresponding changes in temperature and relative humidity. Despite our findings, methane remains a potent contributor to global warming, and efforts to reduce methane emissions are vital for keeping global warming well below 2 °C above preindustrial values.
Hyperactive nanobacteria with host-dependent traits pervade Omnitrophota
Authors: Seymour Cale O. , Palmer Marike , Becraft Eric D. , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Friel Ariel D. , Schulz Frederik , Woyke Tanja , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley , Lai Dengxun , Jiao Jian-Yu , Hua Zheng-Shuang , Liu Lan , Lian Zheng-Han , Li Wen-Jun , Chuvochina Maria , Finley Brianna K. , Koch Benjamin J. , Schwartz Egbert , Dijkstra Paul , Moser Duane P. , Hungate Bruce A. , Hedlund Brian P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCandidate bacterial phylum Omnitrophota has not been isolated and is poorly understood. We analysed 72 newly sequenced and 349 existing Omnitrophota genomes representing 6 classes and 276 species, along with Earth Microbiome Project data to evaluate habitat, metabolic traits and lifestyles. We applied fluorescence-activated cell sorting and differential size filtration, and showed that most Omnitrophota are ultra-small (~0.2 μm) cells that are found in water, sediments and soils. Omnitrophota genomes in 6 classes are reduced, but maintain major biosynthetic and energy conservation pathways, including acetogenesis (with or without the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway) and diverse respirations. At least 64% of Omnitrophota genomes encode gene clusters typical of bacterial symbionts, suggesting host-associated lifestyles. We repurposed quantitative stable-isotope probing data from soils dominated by andesite, basalt or granite weathering and identified 3 families with high isotope uptake consistent with obligate bacterial predators. We propose that most Omnitrophota inhabit various ecosystems as predators or parasites.
Highly efficient polaritonic light-emitting diodes with angle-independent narrowband emission
Authors: Mischok Andreas , Hillebrandt Sabina , Kwon Seonil , Gather Malte C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAngle-independent narrowband emission is required for many optoelectronic devices, ranging from high-definition displays to sensors. However, emerging materials for electroluminescent devices, such as organics and perovskites, show spectrally broad emission due to intrinsic disorder. Coupling this emission to an optical resonance reduces the linewidth, but at the cost of inheriting the severe angular dispersion of the resonator. Strongly coupling a dispersionless exciton state to a narrowband optical microcavity could overcome this issue; however, electrically pumped emission from the resulting polaritons is typically hampered by poor efficiencies. Here we present a universal concept for polariton-based emission from organic light-emitting diodes by introducing an assistant strong coupling layer, thereby avoiding quenching-induced efficiency losses. We realize red- and green-emitting, narrowband (full-width at half-maximum of less than 20 nm) and spectrally tunable polaritonic organic light-emitting diodes with up to 10% external quantum efficiency and high luminance (>20,000 cd m−2 at 5 V). By optimizing cavity detuning and coupling strength, we achieve emission with ultralow dispersion (<10 nm spectral shift at 60° tilt). These results may have wide-reaching implications for on-demand polariton emission and demonstrate the practical relevance of strong light–matter coupling for next-generation optoelectronics, particularly display technology.
Intermediate acoustic-to-semantic representations link behavioral and neural responses to natural sounds
Authors: Giordano Bruno L. , Esposito Michele , Valente Giancarlo , Formisano Elia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecognizing sounds implicates the cerebral transformation of input waveforms into semantic representations. Although past research identified the superior temporal gyrus (STG) as a crucial cortical region, the computational fingerprint of these cerebral transformations remains poorly characterized. Here, we exploit a model comparison framework and contrasted the ability of acoustic, semantic (continuous and categorical) and sound-to-event deep neural network representation models to predict perceived sound dissimilarity and 7 T human auditory cortex functional magnetic resonance imaging responses. We confirm that spectrotemporal modulations predict early auditory cortex (Heschl’s gyrus) responses, and that auditory dimensions (for example, loudness, periodicity) predict STG responses and perceived dissimilarity. Sound-to-event deep neural networks predict Heschl’s gyrus responses similar to acoustic models but, notably, they outperform all competing models at predicting both STG responses and perceived dissimilarity. Our findings indicate that STG entails intermediate acoustic-to-semantic sound representations that neither acoustic nor semantic models can account for. These representations are compositional in nature and relevant to behavior.
Early DNase-I therapy delays secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury in adult mice
Authors: Krämer Tobias J. , Pickart Florian , Pöttker Bruno , Gölz Christina , Neulen Axel , Pantel Tobias , Goetz Hermann , Ritter Katharina , Schäfer Michael K. E. , Thal Serge C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) causes the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) from damaged or dead cells, which contribute to secondary brain damage after TBI. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a DAMP known to cause disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), promote procoagulant processes, brain edema, and neuroinflammation. This study tested the hypothesis that administration of deoxyribonuclease-I (DNase-I) has a beneficial effect after TBI. Mice (n = 84) were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) and posttraumatic intraperitoneal injections of low dose (LD) or high dose (HD) of DNase-I or vehicle solution at 30 min and 12 h after CCI. LD was most effective to reduce lesion volume (p = 0.003), brain water content (p < 0.0001) and to stabilize BBB integrity (p = 0.019) 1 day post-injury (dpi). At 6 h post injury LD-treated animals showed less cleavage of fibrin (p = 0.0014), and enhanced perfusion as assessed by micro-computer-tomography (p = 0.027). At 5 dpi the number of Iba1-positive cells (p = 0.037) were reduced, but the number of CD45-positive cells, motoric function and brain lesion volume was not different. Posttraumatic-treatment with DNase-I therefore stabilizes the BBB, reduces the formation of brain edema, immune response, and delays secondary brain damage. DNase-I might be a new approach to extend the treatment window after TBI.
Cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of Caveolin 1 in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gong Wenyan , Jiao Qibin , Yuan Jinghua , Luo Hui , Liu Yingying , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Zhen , Xu Xiaoling , Bai Lin , Zhang Xingwei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Previous studies of the Caveolin 1 (Cav1) protein and caveolae, which are lipid raft structures found on the plasma membranes of certain cells, are associated with fat metabolism disorders, inflammation, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. However, there have been no reports linking Cav1 to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). In the present study, we established a relationship between Cav1 and the development of DCM. We found that compared with Cav1+/+ mice, Cav1−/− diabetic mice exhibited more severe cardiac injury, increased activation of NF-κB signaling, and up-regulation of downstream genes, including hypertrophic factors and inflammatory fibrosis factors in heart tissues. Additionally, in vitro results showed that knocking down Cav1 further activated HG-induced NF-κB signaling, increased the expression of downstream target genes, and decreased the expression of inhibitor α of NF-κB (iκBα), all of which have been linked to DCM pathogenesis. In contrast, Cav1 overexpression resulted in the opposite effects. Our study suggests that Cav1 knockdown promotes cardiac injury in DCM by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and targeting Cav1 may lead to the development of novel treatments for DCM.
Prä- und postoperative Ernährungstherapie bei
Gastrektomie
Authors: Raab Heike 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungKarzinome des Magens gehören weltweit zu den häufigsten
tumorbedingten Todesursachen. Patienten mit einem Magenkarzinom leiden oft an
Ernährungsproblemen und Gewichtsverlust, weshalb eine
Ernährungstherapie in allen Phasen der Erkrankung von großer
Bedeutung ist. Die chirurgische Therapie ist die einzige Möglichkeit zur
kurativen Behandlung. Bereits bei Diagnosestellung sind Patienten in einem
schlechten Ernährungszustand, der negative Auswirkungen auf das
Behandlungsergebnis haben kann, weshalb die Mangelernährung bereits
präoperativ behandelt werden und im weiteren Verlauf bei jedem
ambulanten Patientenkontakt beurteilt werden soll.Langfristig gesehen kann der Patient alles essen, was er verträgt, sollte
sich aber an folgenden Ernährungsempfehlungen orientieren wie
beispielsweise 6–8 kleine protein- und energiereiche Mahlzeiten, auf
eine ausreichende Proteinzufuhr achten sowie Essen und Trinken trennen.Nach der Operation ist das Risiko von Mangelerscheinungen an bestimmten Vitaminen
und Mineralstoffen wie Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Eisen und Calcium
erhöht. Hier sollte eine entsprechende Supplementation erfolgen. Weitere
Probleme, die nach der Operation auftreten können, sind u. a.
Appetitlosigkeit, Steatorrhö und das Dumping-Syndrom. Eine begleitende
postoperative Ernährungstherapie ist ein wichtiger Baustein in der
Therapie, um den Ernährungsstatus und somit auch die
Lebensqualität der Patienten zu verbessern.
Erhöhter venöser Rücklaufdruck
Authors: Krönung Gerhard 
Published: March 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEin erhöhter venöser Rücklaufdruck ist meist durch eine eingeengte (verlegte) Öffnung der venösen Kanüle durch Kontakt mit Wandstrukturen der Shuntvene verursacht und kann entsprechend korrigiert werden. Weniger häufig ist ein erhöhter Venendruck durch eine nachgeschaltete Shuntvenenstenose bedingt, die bei zu hoher Rezirkulation korrigiert werden muss.
Ernährung und Bewegung – Das Konzept der
Prähabilitation vor großen Tumoroperationen
Authors: Oberhoffner Christin , Fischer Martin , Weimann Arved , Wobith Maria 
Published: March 2023

zusammenfassung
Einleitung Mit dem Ziel des Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) gewinnt
bei Risikopatienten die präoperative Phase zur optimalen Konditionierung
an Bedeutung, um damit auch das Risiko von postoperativen Komplikationen zu
vermindern. Prähabilitation als multimodales Modell bestehend aus
Ernährungstherapie, Kraft- und Ausdauertraining sowie psychologischer
Unterstützung soll es ermöglichen, dass Patienten
selbstständig daran mitwirken können, bestmöglich
für eine Operation vorbereitet zu sein und sich schneller von den
eventuell auftretenden Nachwirkungen zu erholen. Ein optimierter
Ernährungszustand und eine Verbesserung der Belastbarkeit bilden dabei
die Basis, um ein individuell an den Patienten angepasstes Programm zu
erstellen.
Methoden Das circa 6-wöchige Prähabilitationsprogramm
für Patienten besteht aus Mobilitäts- und Kraftübungen,
Hausbesuchen, einer Ernährungstherapie und psychologischer
Unterstützung. Eingeschlossen werden Hochrisikopatienten vor
großen abdominalchirurgischen Tumoroperationen, die mindestens 70 Jahre
alt sind, einen ASA-Score von 3 oder 4 haben und bei denen die Indikationen
für eine neoadjuvante Therapie besteht. Ausgewertet werden
Ernährungsstatus, Tests zur funktionellen Belastbarkeit, dem kognitiven
Zustand und ein Fragebogen zur Beurteilung der Lebensqualität zu Beginn,
mehrfach während des Programms und postoperativ.
Schlussfolgerung Durch die intensive und engmaschige Betreuung sowie der
Chance, dass Patienten selber etwas aktiv beisteuern können, besteht die
Möglichkeit, die besten Voraussetzungen zu schaffen, um Einfluss auf das
Outcome der Operation zu erlangen. Eine Senkung der Komplikationsrate, eine
Verkürzung der Krankenhausverweildauer und ein schnelleres
Zurückerlangen der Mobilität stehen dabei im Vordergrund.
Loop quantum gravity of a spherically symmetric scalar field coupled to gravity with a clock
Authors: Gambini Rodolfo , Pullin Jorge 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The inclusion of matter fields in spherically symmetric loop quantum gravity has proved problematic at the level of implementing the constraint algebra including the Hamiltonian constraint. Here we consider the system with the introduction of a clock. Using the abelianizaton technique we introduced in previous papers in the case of gravity coupled to matter, the system can be gauge fixed and rewritten in terms of a restricted set of dynamical variables that satisfy simple Poisson bracket relations. This creates a true Hamiltonian and therefore one bypasses the issue of the constraint algebra. We show how loop quantum gravity techniques may be applied for the vacuum case and show that the Hamiltonian system reproduces previous results for the physical space of states and the observables of a Schwarzchild black hole.
The optical phonon drag effect on strong-coupling decay magnetopolaron in Gaussian alkali halogen ionic quantum wells
Authors: Sun Yong , An Ran , Zhang Wei , Han Shuang , Ma Xin-Jun , Li Pei-fang , Xiao Jing-Lin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The polaron phenomenon is commonly observed in low-dimensional semiconductor materials and is known to have unique effects on conductive material properties. Furthermore, the phonon dragging effect, which leads to the polaron energy level, is less than the electron energy level. A decay magnetic field also affects the polaron effect, which causes polaron energy level changes. We demonstrate the unique electron–phonon coupling properties of this polaron using numerical calculations. Our findings have strong implications for theories of polaron properties and provide compelling evidence for a semiconductor device that industrial manufacturers use for new low-dimensional materials.
Does carbon mitigation depend on green fiscal policy or green investment?
Authors: Hu Yufeng , Ding Youqiang , Liu Jun , Zhang Quanzhong , Pan Zijian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Does carbon mitigation depend on the force of government or the autonomy of enterprises? We should first distinguish the roles of green fiscal policy and corporate green investment to test whether they can independently guide enterprises to reduce carbon emissions. Because a clear relationship will help resolve the embarrassment caused by their different goals. Then we use theoretical and empirical methods to analyze green fiscal policies and corporate green investment mechanisms, which have nonlinear impacts on carbon mitigation in mathematics. Furthermore, we have empirically verified then in three effective paths: the promotion of green fiscal policies on green investment, the mediator of green investment in the influence of green fiscal policies on carbon mitigation and enterprise performance, and the difference in firm heterogeneity on green investment. The results show that green fiscal policies support enterprises in realizing carbon mitigation by pressure, stimulating green investment, and achieving Innovation Compensation. Carbon mitigation depends on the trigger of green fiscal policies and the catalysis of green investment. That means the green fiscal policy is an effective instrument for the government to stimulate green innovation only when they are vital in reducing carbon emissions. Finally, we can summarize the evolutionary process of carbon mitigate from mandatory green fiscal policies to independent green investment, which is helpful for green governance and the low-carbon development of enterprises.