bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity costs associated with reactive school closures related to influenza or influenza-like illness in the United States from 2011 to 2019
Authors: Park Joohyun , Joo Heesoo , Maskery Brian A. , Zviedrite Nicole , Uzicanin Amra 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Schools close in reaction to seasonal influenza outbreaks and, on occasion, pandemic influenza. The unintended costs of reactive school closures associated with influenza or influenza-like illness (ILI) has not been studied previously. We estimated the costs of ILI-related reactive school closures in the United States over eight academic years.

Methods
We used prospectively collected data on ILI-related reactive school closures from August 1, 2011 to June 30, 2019 to estimate the costs of the closures, which included productivity costs for parents, teachers, and non-teaching school staff. Productivity cost estimates were evaluated by multiplying the number of days for each closure by the state- and year-specific average hourly or daily wage rates for parents, teachers, and school staff. We subdivided total cost and cost per student estimates by school year, state, and urbanicity of school location.

Results
The estimated productivity cost of the closures was $476 million in total during the eight years, with most (90%) of the costs occurring between 2016–2017 and 2018–2019, and in Tennessee (55%) and Kentucky (21%). Among all U.S. public schools, the annual cost per student was much higher in Tennessee ($33) and Kentucky ($19) than any other state ($2.4 in the third highest state) or the national average ($1.2). The cost per student was higher in rural areas ($2.9) or towns ($2.5) than cities ($0.6) or suburbs ($0.5). Locations with higher costs tended to have both more closures and closures with longer durations.

Conclusions
In recent years, we found significant heterogeneity in year-to-year costs of ILI-associated reactive school closures. These costs have been greatest in Tennessee and Kentucky and been elevated in rural or town areas relative to cities or suburbs. Our findings might provide evidence to support efforts to reduce the burden of seasonal influenza in these disproportionately impacted states or communities.
MODERASI BERAGAMA MENURUT YUSUF Al-QARDHAWI, QURAISH SHIHAB, DAN SALMAN AL-FARISI
Authors: Khalida An Nadhrah Nabila , Casram  , Hernawan Wawan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study describes the concept of religious moderation according to Yusuf Al-Qardhawi, Quraish Shihab, and Salman al-Farisi. This research is caused by the current reality that religious moderation is considered a new understanding in Islam, even though religious moderation has existed since the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. So this is first step to examine the concept of religious moderation. The type of research used is qualitative with method of library research (library research) through the stages of observation, and library documentation. The results and discussion of this study is that the Prophet Muhammad SAW., has taught the concept of religious moderation through the Koran and his Sunnah. The results of this study indicate that both Yusuf Al-Qardhawi, Quraish Shihab, and Salman al-Farisi agree that: first, religious moderation mediates between religious understandings without losing track of the ash-shalah. Second, religious moderation can mediate differences in understanding of religion, avoiding the occurrence of radicalism and excessive fanaticism in religion for adherents. This research is important as a basic reference in practicing the essence of religious teachings which place more emphasis on human values and spreading the common good.
Keywords: Religious Moderation, Yusuf al-Qardhawi, Quraish Shihab, Salman Al-Farisi

Abstrak
Penelitian ini menjabarkan tentang konsep moderasi beragama menurut Yusuf Al-Qardhawi, Quraish Shihab, dan Salman al-Farisi. Penelitian ini disebabkan oleh realitas yang ada saat ini moderasi beragama justru dianggap sebagai paham baru dalam Islam, padahal moderasi beragama sudah ada sejak zaman Nabi Muhammad SAW. Maka hal tersebut menjadi langkah awal untuk mengkaji konsep moderasi beragama. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka (library research) melalui tahapan observasi, dan dokumentasi pustaka. Hasil dan pembahasan penelitian ini adalah Nabi Muhammad SAW., sudah mengajarkan konsep moderasi beragama melalui Alquran dan Sunnah-nya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, baik Yusuf Al-Qardhawi, Quraish Shihab, maupun Salman al-Farisi sepaham, bahwa: pertama, moderasi beragama menjadi penengah di antara pemahaman keagamaan tanpa kehilangan jejak ash-shalahnya. Kedua, moderasi beragama dapat menengahi perbedaan pemahaman dalam beragama, menghindari terjadinya radikalisme dan fanatisme berlebihan dalam beragama bagi penganutnya. Penelitian ini menjadi penting sebagai rujukan dasar dalam mengamalkan esensi ajaran agama yang lebih menekankan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dan menebarkan kebaikan bersama.
Kata kunci: Moderasi Beragama, Yusuf al-Qardhawi, Quraish Shihab, Salman Al-Farisi
Dinamika Kehidupan Kethoprak di Kabupaten Pati 1950-2007
Authors: Nazal Azmi Globalian , Puguh Dhanang Respati 
Published: June 2023

Kethoprak is a traditional performing art originating from Surakarta. Kethoprak is not able to develop optimally in its ownregion, because it cannot compete with wayang wong. The existence of wayang wong in Surakarta is more demanded by the public compared to kethoprak. This situation forced kethoprak groups move to Yogyakarta which is very developed region. Kethoprak is not only performing around Yogyakarta, but also outside the region. Pati Regency is one of the regions which is affected by the development of kethoprak from Yogyakarta. This study discusses the dynamics of kethoprak groups in Pati by applying historical methods. In 1950, kethoprak entered Pati for the first time, especially in Bakaran Village. In the past, kethoprak which come from Yogyakarta, was invited to entertain the people of Bakaran. From its performances, the ideas were emerged from a group of people to form a kethoprak group. In its development, the groups emerged in Pati. The ups and downs colored by the journey of kethoprak in Pati. Kethoprak was once used as a source of income because of the intense performance. Then, with the emergence of modern performance, the existence of kethoprak is increasingly shifted. However, kethoprak in Pati is still able to maintain its existence to survive in the midst of society.
Towards automated risk assessments for modular manufacturing systems
Authors: Ehrlich Marco , Bröring Andre , Diedrich Christian , Jasperneite Jürgen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Manufacturing systems based on Industry 4.0 concepts provide a greater availability of data and have modular characteristics enabling frequent changes. This raises the need for new security engineering concepts that cover the increasing complexity and frequency of mandatory security risk assessments. In contrast, the current standardization landscape used for the assessment of these systems only offers abstract, static, manual, and resource-intensive procedures. Therefore, this work proposes a method that further specifies the IEC 62443 aiming to automate the security risk assessments in such a way that manual efforts can be reduced and a consistent quality can be achieved. The methodology is presented using network segmentation as a guiding example and consists of four main steps: Information collection based on a process analysis, information formalisation with a semi-formal model, information usage applying first order logic to extract expert knowledge, and information access using the concept of the digital twin. In addition, the applicability of the IEC 62443 standard to the risk assessment of modular manufacturing systems is evaluated.
Time domain design of PI-C controllers
Authors: Hippe Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
PI-C (Proportional-Integral-Compensating) controllers are observer-based compensators with integral action containing an inverse model of the plant. Originally developed for windup prevention in case of sensor saturation they are also useful in the presence of actuator saturation. They allow to achieve a nearly perfect disturbance attenuation while the loop gain satisfies the Circle Criterion. It has also been demonstrated that PI-C controllers can solve the windup problem in case of joint input and output saturation. The design of PI-C controllers has only been formulated in the frequency domain so far which, in the MIMO case, requires the manipulation of polynomial matrices. Here, the state-space design of PI-C controllers is presented.
Der Weisheit Freund und aller Welt Feind?
Authors: Vogelmann Frieder 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
How is philosophical knowledge related to the world in which it is produced – and how should it be related? In the article, “world” refers to the whole of historically established, politically contested and materially constituted practices. Three ideal-type relationships are distinguished: affirmatively in the world, negatively against the world, and with the world. The article argues for the latter because it combines the two decisive insights of the first two relationships: the insight into philosophy’s facticity, i. e., it being bound to the world, and the insight into philosophy’s freedom, i. e., that it can, nevertheless, turn against that world. Political epistemology is needed to explicate any philosophy with the world because it holds together, in a productive tension, minimal materialism as the core of the insight into philosophy’s facticity and the irreducibility of thought as the core of the insight into philosophy’s freedom.
Sklaverei und Philosophiegeschichtsschreibung
Authors: Graneß Anke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article is dedicated to a topic that has been largely neglected in the historiography of philosophy to date: the position of philosophers towards the institution of slavery. Especially in survey works on the history of philosophy, positions on slavery and colonial conquest are not addressed, but have so far only been discussed in a few individual studies. From the beginning of European expansion, however, philosophical and political theories no longer emerged independently of these developments, as the expansion forced reflection on how to deal with the conquered regions and peoples, and thus on the problematic sides of the ‘voyages of discovery’: land grabbing, subjugation and slavery. Such entanglements are briefly explained using John Locke as an example. In view of the “colonial ensnarement of the Enlightenment” (Elberfeld) and the need for a critical examination of it, I propose as a methodological approach to include texts by thinkers of African origin, who had first-hand experiences of the institution of slavery and critically reflected on their own social position, the social and political conditions of their time as well as moral questions. Using three selected Black thinkers, the poet Phillis Wheatley (1753–1784), the abolitionist Olaudah Equiano (1745–1797) and the theologian Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein (ca. 1717–1747), I discuss the relevance of texts by former slaves for the historiography of philosophy.
Design, synthesis, and anticancer activity of novel 4,6-dimorpholinyl-1,3,5-triazine compounds
Authors: Li Jinjing , Li Linbo , Liu Yuxiao , Zhang Jie , Shi Chengyang , Zhou Shujing , Qiu Hongbin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A series of novel 4,6-dimorpholinyl-1,3,5-triazine derivatives 6a–6r were obtained through N-substitution and Claisen-Schmidt condensation. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry were used to characterize the molecular structures of the derivatives. The in vitro antiproliferation activity of derivatives was evaluated using the MTT assay against SW620 (human colon cancer cells), A549 (human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells), HeLa (human cervical cancer cells), and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells). Compound 6o bearing a pyridyl group exhibited good cytotoxicity against four cancer cells, with IC50 values of 8.71, 9.55, 15.67, and 21.77 μM, sequentially. In addition, compound 6a showed some selectivity against SW620.
Norethindrone dosing for adequate menstrual suppression in adolescents
Authors: Rager Theresa L. , Compton Sarah D. , Winfrey Olivia K. , Rosen Monica W. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We sought to study factors predictive of achieving menstrual suppression with norethindrone vs. norethindrone acetate in adolescents, as optimal dosing is unknown. Secondary outcomes included analyzing prescriber practices and patient satisfaction.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of adolescents ages <18 years presenting to an academic medical center from 2010 to 2022. Data collected included demographics, menstrual history, and norethindrone and norethindrone acetate use. Follow-up was measured at one, three, and 12 months. Main outcome measures were starting norethindrone 0.35 mg, continuing norethindrone 0.35 mg, achieving menstrual suppression, and patient satisfaction. Analysis included Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Of 262 adolescents initiating norethindrone or norethindrone acetate, 219 completed ≥1 follow-up. Providers less often started norethindrone 0.35 mg for patients with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, prolonged bleeding, or younger age at menarche, but more often for patients who were younger, had migraines with aura, or were at risk of venous thromboembolism. Those with prolonged bleeding or older age at menarche were less likely to continue norethindrone 0.35 mg. Obesity, heavy menstrual bleeding, and younger age were negatively associated with achieving menstrual suppression. Patients with disabilities reported greater satisfaction.

Conclusions
While younger patients more often received norethindrone 0.35 mg vs. norethindrone acetate, they were less likely to achieve menstrual suppression. Patients with obesity or heavy menstrual bleeding may achieve suppression with higher doses of norethindrone acetate. These results reveal opportunities to improve norethindrone and norethindrone acetate prescribing practices for adolescent menstrual suppression.
More Than a Feeling: Kant’s Tripartite Account of Pleasure
Authors: Eran Uri 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Traditionally, pleasure has been understood in three different ways: as a simple feeling or phenomenological quality, as a behavioral disposition, and as an evaluation. While versions of these accounts – and combinations of two of them – have been attributed to Kant, I argue that Kant successfully combines all three. Pleasure, on this view, is an evaluation of an object’s agreement with a particular subject’s ability or intention to act. Because it refers to a particular subject, it has a subjective felt character, and because it is about agreement with an ability or intention to act, it disposes one to action. In addition to being philosophically compelling, this reading incorporates Kant’s disparate characterizations of pleasure.
Non-canonical possessive constructions in Negidal and other Tungusic languages: a new analysis of the so-called “alienable possession” suffix
Authors: Aralova Natalia , Pakendorf Brigitte 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A distinction between inalienable and alienable possession is considered to be crosslinguistically common. For the Tungusic languages, it is generally illustrated with examples that contrast inherently possessed body parts with body parts belonging to a non-inherent possessor, with the latter being formally marked with a suffix -ŋ(V). However, as we argue here for Negidal (Northern Tungusic), rather than marking ‘alienable’ or ‘indirect’ possession, the suffix -ŋ(i) flags the occurrence of non-canonical possessive constructions; the supposedly straightforward interpretation of the oft-cited examples involving body parts is merely a secondary effect of the particular kind of non-canonical construction involved. This analysis unifies the diverse constructions in which -ŋ(i) occurs, namely with obligatorily possessed body parts, with non-possessible items such as nouns denoting humans or environment terms as well as demonstratives or adjectives, and with other modifiers when the possessee is elided. We complement our investigation with the analysis of the cognate suffix -ŋi, whose main function is to mark the possessor in possessive constructions with an elided head. The function of both suffixes can thus be subsumed under the marking of non-canonical possessive constructions. This analysis can be extended to several Tungusic languages, as the comparison with Negidal’s sister languages shows.
A comparison of some confidence intervals for a binomial proportion based on a shrinkage estimator
Authors: Almendra-Arao Félix , Reyes-Cervantes Hortensia , Morales-Cortés Marcos 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Confidence intervals are valuable tools in statistical practice for estimating binomial proportions, with the most well-known being the Wald and Clopper-Pearson intervals. However, it is known that these intervals perform poorly in terms of coverage probability and expected mean length, leading to the proposal of alternative intervals in the literature, although these may also have deficiencies. In this work, we investigate the performance of several of these confidence intervals using the parametric family

p

^

c

=

X
+
c

n
+
2
c

{\widehat{p}}_{c}=\frac{X+c}{n+2c}

with

c
≥
0

c\ge 0

to estimate the parameter

p

p

. Rather than using the confidence intervals approach, this analysis is done from the hypothesis tests approach. Our primary goal with this work is to identify values of

c

c

that result in better-performing tests and to establish an optimal procedure.
Political Legitimacy: What’s Wrong with the Power-Liability View?
Authors: Mikalsen Kjartan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I take issue with Arthur Isak Applbaum’s power-liability view of political legitimacy. In contrast to the traditional view that legitimate rule entails a moral duty to obey, here called the right-duty view, Applbaum argues that political legitimacy is a moral power that entails moral liability for the subjects of political rule. According to Applbaum, the power-liability view helps us explain how responsible citizens in some cases can act contrary to law while still recognizing the claims of law. Against Applbaum’s attempt at establishing the power-liability view through conceptual analysis, I argue that we cannot specify the moral implications of de jure legitimacy without considering the moral argument that justifies the right to rule. I further argue that Applbaum’s normative account of political legitimacy implies commitment to a normative idea that forms the basis of a strong case in favor of the right-duty view. Finally, I argue that the present defense of the right-duty view has resources to account for the moral phenomena that prompt Applbaum’s advocacy of the power-liability view.
The crystal structure of tetrakis(1-isopropylimidazole-κ1
N)-[μ2- imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylato-κ4
O,N,O′,N′)]- trioxido-divanadium, C29H41N10O7V2
Authors: Ren Xiang-Yu , Wang Xiao-Jie , Qin Yu-Cai , Tong Yue 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
C29H41N10O7V2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 11.3461(5) Å, b = 12.7013(5) Å, c = 14.0649(5) Å, α =

111.609

(
1
)

∘

$111.609{(1)}^{\circ }$

, β =

108.702

(
1
)

∘

$108.702{(1)}^{\circ }$

, γ =

93.957

(
2
)

∘

$93.957{(2)}^{\circ }$

, V = 1744.20(12) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0439, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1160, T = 173 K.
Lithuanian academic discourse revisited: Features and patterns of scientific communication
Authors: Ruskan Anna , Hint Helen , Leijen Djuddah Arthur Joost , Šinkūnienė Jolanta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Over the past several decades, there has been an increasing interest in academic discourse investigations with a specific focus on disciplinary, cultural, and generic aspects of academic text construction. Studies of Spanish, Italian, Greek, Portuguese, French, German, and Russian (inter alia) academic discourse have revealed not only the universal features characteristic of many writing cultures, but also unique rhetorical features, typical of only some of them. In this article, we focus on academic discourse investigations in scientific texts written in one of the lesser-studied languages, Lithuanian. We review here studies of Lithuanian scientific discourse and what those studies reveal about the specific features of Lithuanian academic discourse. The first part of the article identifies how rhetorical structures differ between English and Lithuanian academic texts, whereas the second part presents a comprehensive overview of the functional groups of linguistic units, such as metadiscourse markers, stance and engagement markers, and conceptual metaphors, and how these are different or similar to English academic discourse. The overview of the empirical studies shows the current state of knowledge about Lithuanian academic discourse and highlights some of the items that distinguish Lithuanian writing. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of identifying academic writing traditions of other languages to acknowledge diversity.
Further Insight into the Usage of Bank Cards Over Cash at the Point-of-Sale?
Authors: Ettis Saïd Aboubaker 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The several benefits of e-payment for consumers, businesses, and economies make decreasing or ideally eliminating the use of cash an important concern of governments and policymakers. In several emerging countries, there is substantial evidence that using bank cards for payment in retail Point-Of-Sale is still less popular than cash, especially for small-value purchases. Attitudinal factors are amongst the major understudied motives of bank card payment behavior. Little is known about the effects of perceived benefits of bank card use on trust and the subsequent outputs of this trust. Building on the Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior, this research proposes and empirically tests a model explaining the roles of perceived benefits and security in affecting consumer trust and the consequent effect of trust on consumers’ attitudes toward bank card payment. This attitude is supposed to build continued usage of bank cards for in-store payment. Respondents were approached in real conditions where the experience of payment in retail Point-Of-Sale occurs. A questionnaire was administered face-to-face with respondents surveyed before they left several small retail stores such as grocery stores, convenience stores, and minimarkets in Southeast Tunisia. The PLS-SEM results show that consumers have built up trust because of their perceived benefits and security of bank card payments. Trust has a positive effect on consumers’ attitudes toward bank cards. The positive attitude persuades consumers to use bank cards for payment purposes at Point-Of-Sale. The findings help inform the research community by elucidating the nature of the relationships between perceived benefits, perceived security, trust, attitude, and continued payment with bank cards in retail Point-Of-Sale. Governments, financial service providers, and businesses need to focus on developing valuable perceived benefits of using bank cards to increase trust, positive attitude, penetration, and continued customers’ usage of bank cards. This will benefit local and national economies by winning greater market share from cash. The Tunisian context is examined in this research. However, the results might be applied to many other in-developing countries.