bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Skilled Nursing Facility Ownership by Health Care Networks With Utilization and Spending
Authors: Kalata Stanley , Howard Ryan , Diaz Adrian , Nuliyahu Usha , Ibrahim Andrew M. , Nathan Hari 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceHealth care mergers and acquisitions have increased vertical integration of skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in health care networks. While vertical integration may result in improved care coordination and quality, it may also lead to excess utilization, as SNFs are paid a per diem rate.ObjectiveTo determine the association of vertical integration of SNFs within hospital networks with SNF utilization, readmissions, and spending for Medicare beneficiaries undergoing elective hip replacement.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study evaluated 100% Medicare administrative claims for nonfederal acute care hospitals performing at least 10 elective hip replacements during the study period. Fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 to 99 years who underwent elective hip replacement between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, with continuous Medicare coverage for 3 months before and 6 months after surgery were included. Data were analyzed from February 2 to August 8, 2022.ExposuresTreatment at a hospital within a network that also owns at least 1 SNF based on the 2017 American Hospital Association survey.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRates of SNF utilization, 30-day readmissions, and price-standardized 30-day episode payments. Hierarchical multivariable logistic and linear regression clustered at hospitals was performed with adjusting for patient, hospital, and network characteristics.ResultsA total of 150 788 patients (61.4% women; mean [SD] age, 74.3 [6.4] years) underwent hip replacement. After risk adjustment, vertical SNF integration was associated with a higher rate of SNF utilization (21.7% [95% CI, 20.4%-23.0%] vs 19.7% [95% CI, 18.7%-20.7%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.15 [95% CI, 1.03-1.29]; P = .01) and lower 30-day readmission rate (5.6% [95% CI, 5.4%-5.8%] vs 5.9% [95% CI, 5.7%-6.1%]; aOR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.89-0.99]; P = .03). Despite higher SNF utilization, the total adjusted 30-day episode payments were slightly lower ($20 230 [95% CI, $20 035-$20 425] vs $20 487 [95% CI, $20 314-$20 660]; difference, −$275 [95% CI, −$15 to −$498]; P = .04) driven by lower postacute payments and shorter SNF length of stays. Adjusted readmission rates were particularly low for patients not sent to an SNF (3.6% [95% CI, 3.4%-3.7%]; P &amp;lt; .001) but were significantly higher for patients with an SNF length of stay less than 5 days (41.3% [95% CI, 39.2%-43.3%]; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of Medicare beneficiaries undergoing elective hip replacements, vertical integration of SNFs in a hospital network was associated with higher rates of SNF utilization and lower rates of readmissions without evidence of higher overall episode payments. These findings support the purported value of integrating SNFs into hospital networks but also suggest that there is room for improving the postoperative care of patients in SNFs early in their stay.
Global Proportion of Disordered Eating in Children and Adolescents
Authors: López-Gil José Francisco , García-Hermoso Antonio , Smith Lee , Firth Joseph , Trott Mike , Mesas Arthur Eumann , Jiménez-López Estela , Gutiérrez-Espinoza Héctor , Tárraga-López Pedro J. , Victoria-Montesinos Desirée 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceThe 5-item Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire is the most widely used screening measure for eating disorders. However, no previous systematic review and meta-analysis determined the proportion of disordered eating among children and adolescents.ObjectiveTo establish the proportion among children and adolescents of disordered eating as assessed with the SCOFF tool.Data SourcesFour databases were systematically searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) with date limits from January 1999 to November 2022.Study SelectionStudies were required to meet the following criteria: (1) participants: studies of community samples of children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years and (2) outcome: disordered eating assessed by the SCOFF questionnaire. The exclusion criteria included (1) studies conducted with young people who had a diagnosis of physical or mental disorders; (2) studies that were published before 1999 because the SCOFF questionnaire was designed in that year; (3) studies in which data were collected during COVID-19 because they could introduce selection bias; (4) studies based on data from the same surveys/studies to avoid duplication; and (5) systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses and qualitative and case studies.Data Extraction and SynthesisA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportion of disordered eating among children and adolescents assessed with the SCOFF tool.ResultsThirty-two studies, including 63 181 participants, from 16 countries were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall proportion of children and adolescents with disordered eating was 22.36% (95% CI, 18.84%-26.09%; P &amp;lt; .001; n = 63 181) (I2 = 98.58%). Girls were significantly more likely to report disordered eating (30.03%; 95% CI, 25.61%-34.65%; n = 27 548) than boys (16.98%; 95% CI, 13.46%-20.81%; n = 26 170) (P &amp;lt; .001). Disordered eating became more elevated with increasing age (B, 0.03; 95% CI, 0-0.06; P = .049) and body mass index (B, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, the available evidence from 32 studies comprising large samples from 16 countries showed that 22% of children and adolescents showed disordered eating according to the SCOFF tool. Proportion of disordered eating was further elevated among girls, as well as with increasing age and body mass index. These high figures are concerning from a public health perspective and highlight the need to implement strategies for preventing eating disorders.
Short Message Service Reminder Nudge for Parents and Influenza Vaccination Uptake in Children and Adolescents With Special Risk Medical Conditions
Authors: Tuckerman Jane , Harper Kelly , Sullivan Thomas R. , Cuthbert Alana R. , Fereday Jennifer , Couper Jennifer , Smith Nicholas , Tai Andrew , Kelly Andrew , Couper Richard , Friswell Mark , Flood Louise , Blyth Christopher C. , Danchin Margie , Marshall Helen S. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceChildren with chronic medical conditions are at increased risk of severe influenza. Uptake of influenza vaccination in children and adolescents with these identified special risk medical conditions (SRMCs) is suboptimal.ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of Flutext-4U, a parent short message service (SMS) reminder nudge intervention, in increasing influenza immunization in children and adolescents with SRMCs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Adelaide, South Australia, from April 15 to September 30, 2021. Children and adolescents aged 6 months to younger than 18 years with SRMCs and a subspecialist outpatient appointment over a 5-month period during the Australian seasonal influenza vaccination season (April-August 2021) were eligible to participate. Follow-up was until September 30, 2021.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to control: clinician nudges (hospital vaccine availability, ease of access, and recommendation from hospital subspecialists) or SMS intervention (control conditions plus an additional SMS reminder nudge to parents), with randomization stratified by age group (&amp;lt;5 years, 5-14 years, or &amp;gt;14 to &amp;lt;18 years).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was influenza vaccination, as confirmed by the Australian Immunisation Register.ResultsA total of 600 participants (intervention group: 298 [49.7%]; mean [SD] age, 11.5 [4.6] years; 162 female participants [54.4%]; control group: 302 [50.3%]; mean [SD] age, 11.4 [4.7] years; 155 female participants [51.3%]) were included. Influenza vaccination was 38.6% (113 of 293) in the SMS intervention group compared with 26.2% (79 of 302) in the control group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.27-2.55; P = .001). Time to vaccine receipt was significantly lower among SMS participants (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.25-2.22; P &amp;lt; .001). For participants randomly assigned by June 15, a significantly greater proportion receiving the SMS intervention were vaccinated during the optimal delivery period April to June 30 (SMS group: 40.0% [76 of 190] vs 25.4% [50 of 197]; aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.28-3.06; P = .002).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this randomized clinical trial suggest that an additional SMS reminder nudge for parents delivered in the tertiary care hospital setting to children and adolescents with SMRCs resulted in higher influenza vaccine uptake compared with clinician nudges alone.Trial RegistrationANZCTR Identifier: ACTRN12621000463875
Achieving Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Media on Yttrium Ruthenate Pyrochlore through Cobalt Incorporation
Authors: Han Ning , Feng Shihui , Liang Yi , Wang Jun , Zhang Wei , Guo Xiaolong , Ma Qianru , Liu Qiong , Guo Wei , Zhou Zhenyu , Xie Sijie , Wan Kai , Jiang Yinzhu , Vlad Alexandru , Guo Yuzheng , Gaigneaux Eric M. , Zhang Chi , Fransaer Jan , Zhang Xuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe development of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) especially in acidic media remains the major challenge that still requires significant advances, both in material design and mechanistic exploration. In this study, the incorporation of cobalt in Y2‐xCoxRu2O7−δ results in an ultrahigh OER activity because of the charge redistribution at eg orbitals between Ru and Co atoms. The Y1.75Co0.25Ru2O7−δ electrocatalyst exhibits an extremely small overpotential of 275 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4 at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is smaller than that of parent Y2Ru2O7−δ (360 mV) and commercial RuO2 (286 mV) catalysts. The systematic investigation of the composition related to OER activity shows that the Co substitution will also bring other effective changes, such as reducing the bandgap, and creating oxygen vacancies, which result in fast OER charge transfer. Meanwhile, the strengthening of the bond hybridization between the d orbitals of metal (Y and Ru) and the 2p orbitals of O will intrinsically enhance the chemical stability. Finally, theoretical calculations indicate that cobalt substitution reduces the theoretical overpotential both through an adsorbate evolution mechanism and a lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism.
Investigation of Contact Electrification between 2D MXenes and MoS2 through Density Functional Theory and Triboelectric Probes
Authors: Gao Haiqi , Hu Mingao , Ding Junfei , Xia Bailu , Yuan Guanglu , Sun Huasheng , Xu Qinghao , Zhao Shiyu , Jiang Yawei , Wu Hong , Yuan Ming , Li Jiahui , Li Bingxiang , Zhao Jin , Rao Dewei , Xie Yannan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractContact electrification (triboelectrification) (CE) is a universal phenomenon in ambient environment and has been recorded for more than 2600 years. Nonetheless, the intrinsic mechanism of CE still remains controversial. Herein, based on first‐principles theory, the underlying mechanism in CE is systematically investigated between metallic MXenes and semiconductive MoS2. The results show that the work functions of contacting materials dominate the direction of electron transfer during CE process. That is, the electron will be transferred from the material with low work function to the one with high work function. The theoretical prediction is verified experimentally through investigating triboelectric probes based on MXenes and MoS2 nanomaterials. Additionally, it is noted that the interfacial potential barrier and the work function difference together modulate the amount of transferred electron. Electron transfer mainly occurs in the repulsive forces region where the interaction distance between the two materials is shorter than the normal bonding length. The quantum calculation results agree well with the Wang transition theory. Furthermore, it is also noticed that, due to the wave‐particle duality of electron, electron transfer will obviously occur at the attractive force region when the two contacting materials exhibit a larger work function difference.
Counterion Control and the Spectral Signatures of Polarons, Coupled Polarons, and Bipolarons in Doped P3HT Films
Authors: Wu Eric C. , Salamat Charlene Z. , Ruiz Omar León , Qu Thomas , Kim Alexis , Tolbert Sarah H. , Schwartz Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhen an electron is removed from a conjugated polymer, such as poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT), the remaining hole and associated change in the polymer backbone structure from aromatic to quinoidal are referred to as a polaron. Bipolarons are created by removing the unpaired electron from an already‐oxidized polymer segment. In electrochemically‐doped P3HT films, polarons, and bipolarons are readily observed, but in chemically‐doped P3HT films, bipolarons rarely form. This is explained by studying the effects of counterion position on the formation of polarons, strongly coupled polarons, and bipolarons using both spectroscopic and X‐ray diffraction experiments and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations. The counterion positions control whether two polarons spin‐pair to form a bipolaron or whether they strongly couple without spin‐pairing are found. When two counterions lie close to the same polymer segment, bipolarons can form, with an absorption spectrum that is blueshifted from that of a single polaron. Otherwise, polarons at high concentrations do not spin‐pair, but instead J‐couple, leading to a redshifted absorption spectrum. The counterion location needed for bipolaron formation is accompanied by a loss of polymer crystallinity. These results explain the observed formation order of single polarons, coupled single polarons, and singlet bipolarons in electrochemically‐ and chemically‐doped conjugated polymers.
Ultra‐Long Room Temperature Phosphorescence with the Efficiency Over 64% Induced by 1‰ Impurity Doping
Authors: Xiao Hui , Zheng Da‐Sheng , Zhang Li‐Yi , Xu Liang‐Jin , Chen Zhong‐Ning 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUltra‐long room temperature phosphorescence (ULRTP) materials show valuable applications in encryption, biological imaging, and many other fields. Amazingly, the concomitant impurities from raw materials that are normally ignored contribute dramatically to the ULRTP. In this study, CzPMB [9‐(4‐bromo‐3‐methylphenyl)‐9H‐carbazole] with phosphorescent quantum efficiency of 64% is prepared from commercial carbazole, but the phosphorescent efficiency is drastically reduced to < 2% once trace impurity (5‐(4‐bromo‐3‐methylphenyl)‐5H‐benzo[b]carbazole) is separated. HPLC studies demonstrated the separated impurity is a byproduct derived from trace benzocarbazole in commercial carbazole. Subsequently, the ULRTP for the CzPMB synthesized from lab‐made carbazole is totally unobserved, strongly confirming the dramatic impact of impurity. A defect trapping mechanism in multicomponent system rather than heavy atom effect is proposed for highly efficient ULRTP after carefully analyzing the crystal packings and molecular energy levels. Inspired by this discovery, a series of effective ULRTP bi‐component systems with the highest phosphorescence efficiency of 64.1% are reproduced by directed host‐guest doping. This strategy paves a viable path for the design of organic materials with highly efficient ULRTP.
Cellulose Gel Mechanoreceptors – Principles, Applications and Prospects
Authors: Shen Xiaoping , Zhao Dawei , Xie Yanjun , Wang Qingwen , Shamshina Julia L. , Rogers Robin D. , Sun Qingfeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to effectively harness varieties of mechanical waves or vibrations for the purpose of monitoring and/or powering, developments in responsive materials and conversion technologies are taking place driven by the world's current and future demands. One of the most popular novelties of the last two decades is represented by hydrogel‐ or ionogel‐based flexible iontronics which constitute a wide family of innovative smart (self‐powered) mechanoreceptors relevant for various applications such as personal health care, identity and safety monitoring, intelligent human‐machine operation interfaces, underwater listening and communication, and so on. Cellulosic gels (CGs), as a promising green substitute for fossil fuel‐derived materials, are extensively studied due to the possibility to choose between different cellulose types and to formulate networks chemically or physically, according to the adaptability requirements for each target application. The aim of this review is to showcase the cellulose structural versatility and to provide a summary of the principles during the formulation of CGs used for mechanosensing and mechanical energy scavenging, as well as their practical applications. Such an outlook of current challenges and overall prospects will serve as a stimulus for research on CG‐based mechanoreceptors in the future.
Frontiers in Circularly Polarized Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Wang Xujie , Ma Shuo , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have received increasing attention in recent years. Amongst various CPL materials, circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) materials featuring long life‐time represent a novel research frontier and exhibit promising applications in various fields. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art advances of CPP materials are systematically summarized, as classified into transition metal complexes, organic small molecules, polymers, and organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Besides, the recent applications of CPP materials in organic light‐emitting diodes and encryption display are also summarized. Furthermore, the current challenges and future perspectives are put forward. It is expected that this review will offer more inspirations for the future rational design of advanced CPP materials, thus further promoting their future practical applications.
Diffusion‐Limited Accepter Alloy Enables Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Cen , Zhang Ming , Zhou Qiuju , Chen Shanshan , Kim Seoyoung , Yao Jia , Zhang Ze , Bai Yang , Chen Qi , Chang Bowen , Fu Hongyuan , Xue Lingwei , Wang Haiqiao , Yang Changduk , Zhang Zhi‐Guo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) are designed based on a blend of polymer donor and small molecular acceptor whereby the thermodynamic relaxation of the morphology raises the concerns related to operational stability. Herein, it is demonstrated that the classical Y6‐based binary device can be stabilized by using its derivative of ZCCF3 as the third component, which is designed with the replacing of the thiadiazole group on Y6 with the trifluoromethyl substituted diazepine unit. ZCCF3 delivers not only higher glass transition temperature (Tg) than Y6 but also have hyper‐miscibility with Y6, contributing to a favorable diffusion‐limited Y6:ZCCF3 alloy when blended with polymer donor. Consequently, a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.54% is achieved in the optimal PM6: Y6: ZCCF3 devices, which can retain their 80% initial efficiency of up to 360 h. This study highlights the importance of high Tg of the third component and its derived hyper‐miscible accepter alloys in achieving highly efficient and stable OSCs.
Modulation Doping Leads to Optimized Thermoelectric Properties in n‐Type Bi6Cu2Se4O6 due to Interface Effects
Authors: Zheng Junqing , Wang Siqi , Zhao Zhe , Gao Xiang , Hong Tao , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous composites consisting of Bi6Cu2Se3.6Cl0.4O6 and Bi2O2Se are prepared according to the concept of modulation doping. With prominently increased carrier mobility and almost unchanged effective mass, the electrical transport properties are considerably optimized resulting in a peak power factor ≈1.8 µW cm−1 K−2 at 873 K, although the carrier concentration is slightly deteriorated. Meanwhile, the lattice thermal conductivity is lowered to ≈0.62 W m−1 K−1 due to the introduction of the second phase. The modified Self‐consistent Effective Medium Theory is utilized to explain the deeper mechanism of modulation doping. The enhancement of apparent carrier mobility is derived from the highly active phase interfaces as fast carrier transport channels, while the reduced apparent thermal conductivity is ascribed to the existence of thermal resistance at the phase interfaces. Ultimately, an optimized ZT ≈0.23 is obtained at 873 K in Bi6Cu2Se3.6Cl0.4O6 + 13% Bi2O2Se. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of modulation doping for optimizing thermoelectric properties once again, and provides the direct microstructure observation and consistent theoretical model calculation to emphasize the role of interface effects in modulation doping, which should be probably applicable to other thermoelectrics.
Visualizing Catalytic Dynamics Processes via Synchrotron Radiation Multitechniques
Authors: Cao Dengfeng , Xu Wenjie , Chen Shuangming , Liu Chongjing , Sheng Beibei , Song Pin , Moses Oyawale Adetunji , Song Li , Wei Shiqiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe importance of catalysts today as workhorses in most modern industrial fields cannot be downplayed. As a result, rational design and engineering of targeted catalysts have emerged as key objectives and are dependent on in‐depth understanding of complex catalytic dynamics. Synchrotron radiation (SR) light sources with rich advanced experimental methods are being recognized as a comprehensive characterization platform, which can draw a full picture on such multiparameter‐involved catalysis under actual working conditions. Herein, the recent progress of catalytic dynamics process studied by the means of various SR techniques is summarized. In particular, SR‐based spectroscopic, scattering, and imaging investigations on true catalysts are first introduced with the potential of in situ and operando characterizations. Apparently, the limitations from single SR technique naturally prompt a simple combination of SR techniques to better understand the whole catalysis process. Moreover, the discrepancies among various online testing facilities and batches of samples, along with random/systematic errors introduced by traditional intermittent/asynchronous measurement make it imperative to develop more prolific systems, complementary of multiple SR techniques for deep probing of dynamic catalytic processes. It is believed that the booming new light sources can further enrich the current multiple SR techniques, and thus may realize the true visualization on future catalytic dynamic processes.