bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae carriage surveillance data infer antimicrobial resistance associated with otitis media?
Authors: Bowman‐Derrick Sophia , Harris Tegan M. , Beissbarth Jemima , Kleinecke Mariana , Lawrence Katrina , Wozniak Teresa M. , Bleakley Amy , Rumaseb Angela , Binks Michael J. , Marsh Robyn L. , Morris Peter S. , Leach Amanda J. , Smith‐Vaughan Heidi 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTImportanceIn remote communities of the Northern Territory, Australia, children experience high rates of otitis media (OM), commonly caused by non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Few data exist on antibiotic susceptibility of NTHi from OM.ObjectiveTo determine whether population‐level nasopharyngeal NTHi antibiotic susceptibility data could inform antibiotic treatment for OM.MethodsNTHi isolates (n = 92) collected from ear discharge between 2003 and 2013 were selected to time‐ and age‐match NTHi isolates from the nasopharyngeal carriage (n = 95). Antimicrobial susceptibility were tested. Phylogenomic trees and a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) were performed to determine the similarity of nasopharyngeal and ear isolates at a population level.ResultsAmong 174 NTHi isolates available for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 10.3% (18/174) were resistant to ampicillin and 9.2% (16/174) were resistant to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole. Small numbers of isolates (≤3) were resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of ampicillin‐resistant (P = 0.11) or trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole‐resistant isolates (P = 0.70) between ear discharge and nasopharynx‐derived NTHi isolates. Three multi‐drug resistant NTHi isolates were identified. Phylogenomic trees showed no clustering of 187 Haemophilus influenzae isolates based on anatomical niche (nasopharynx or ear discharge), and no genetic variations that distinguished NTHi derived from ear discharge and nasopharyngeal carriage were evident in the GWAS.InterpretationIn this population‐level study, nasopharyngeal and ear discharge isolates did not represent distinct microbial populations. These results support tracking of population‐level nasopharyngeal NTHi antibiotic resistance patterns to inform clinical management of OM in this population.
Differential effectiveness, efficiency, and acceptability of drill‐based interventions targeting multiplication facts
Authors: Adams Sarah R. , Maki Kathrin E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMath facts are foundational for later math skill development, but many students demonstrate difficulties with math facts in early schooling. Drill‐based interventions have been shown to effectively target foundational academic skills; however, there is limited research examining drill‐based interventions for teaching math facts compared to basic reading skills. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of incremental rehearsal (IR), traditional drill (TD), and strategic incremental rehearsal (SIR) on multiplication fact retention, fluency, and maintenance outcomes with 36 fourth and fifth graders. The study also examined intervention efficiency and treatment acceptability. Results showed no differences in retention, maintenance, or treatment acceptability across the interventions. There were significant differences in fluency at posttest, with IR resulting in the greatest fluency scores. Furthermore, TD was the most efficient intervention overall. Implications for practice and future research are also discussed.
Four‐dimensional proteomics analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid with trapped ion mobility spectrometry using PASEF
Authors: Mun Dong‐Gi , Budhraja Rohit , Bhat Firdous A. , Zenka Roman M. , Johnson Kenneth L. , Moghekar Abhay , Pandey Akhilesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer coupled with a trapped ion mobility spectrometry (timsTOF) operated in parallel accumulation‐serial fragmentation (PASEF) mode has recently emerged as a platform capable of providing four‐dimensional (4D) features comprising of elution time, collision cross section (CCS), mass‐to‐charge ratio, and intensity of peptides. The PASEF mode provides ∼100% ion sampling efficiency both in data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) and data‐independent acquisition (DIA) modes without sacrificing sensitivity. In addition, targeted measurements using PASEF integrated parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode have also been described. However, only limited number of studies have used timsTOF for analysis of clinical samples. Although Orbitrap mass spectrometers have been used for biomarker discovery from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a variety of neurological diseases, these Orbitrap‐derived datasets cannot readily be applied for driving experiments on timsTOF mass spectrometers. We generated a catalog of peptides and proteins in human CSF in DDA mode on a timsTOF mass spectrometer and used these data to build a spectral library. This strategy allowed us to use elution times and ion mobility values from the spectral library to design PRM experiments for quantifying previously discovered biomarkers from CSF samples in Alzheimer's disease. When the same samples were analyzed using a DIA approach combined with a spectral library search, a higher number of proteins were identified than in a library‐free approach. Overall, we have established a spectral library of CSF as a resource and demonstrated its utility for PRM and DIA studies, which should facilitate studies of neurological disorders.
Phenolic compounds extraction from propolis using imidazole‐based ionic liquids: A theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Pale‐Ezquivel Ivan , Vera‐Guzmán Mario , Domínguez Zaira , Matus Myrna H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe stability and non‐covalent interactions (NCI) of complexes formed by pinocembrin (PC), pinobanksin (PB), and pinobanksin 3‐acetate (PA) with a series of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids ([Bmim][BF4], [Bmim][Br], [Omim][Br], [Umim][Br], [OmimOH][Cl], and [UnmimOH][Br]) were evaluated through thermochemical parameters obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, as well as atoms in molecules (AIM) and NCI analyses. The theoretical data were contrasted with experimental results obtained from the extraction of the three phenolic compounds from a propolis sample with aqueous solutions of the imidazolium salts. Calculations predicted that the complex formation processes at 298 K are spontaneous and close to the thermodynamic equilibrium (ΔGm ± 10 kcal/mol) in all the cases. However, [Omim][Br] forms the more stable complexes with the three flavonoids, which present a good correlation with greater amounts of PC, PB, and PA obtained during the extractions with this salt, with respect to the others. The hydrogen bond between the anion and the hydroxyl group of phenolic type is one of the most important NCI between the chemical species that conform the complexes; however, the functionalized cation UnmimOH+ can interact, even better than bromide, with the flavonoids through a hydrogen bond between hydroxyl groups. This could explain the higher values obtained through the Folin–Ciocalteu test used to evaluate the total phenolic content in the propolis extracts. This is not the case for the OmimOH+ functionalized cation, because the more electronegative counterion (Cl−) avoids an analogous behavior.
Respiratory culture organism isolation and test characteristics in children with tracheostomies with and without acute respiratory infection
Authors: Steuart Rebecca , Ale Guillermo B. , Woolums Abigail , Xia Nicole , Benscoter Dan , Russell Christopher J. , Shah Samir S. , Thomson Joanna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmong children with tracheostomies, little is known about how respiratory culture results differ between states with and without acute respiratory infections (ARI), or the overall test performance of respiratory cultures.ObjectiveTo determine the association of respiratory culture organism isolation with diagnosis of ARI in children with tracheostomies, and assess test characteristics of respiratory cultures in the diagnosis of bacterial ARI (bARI).MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective cohort study included respiratory cultures of children with tracheostomies obtained between 2010 and 2018. The primary predictor was ARI diagnosis code at the time of culture; the primary outcomes were respiratory culture organism isolation and species identified. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess for association between ARI diagnosis and isolation of any organism while controlling for potential confounders and accounting for within‐patient clustering. A multinomial logistic regression equation assessed for association with specific species. Test characteristics were calculated using bARI diagnosis as the reference standard.ResultsAmong 3578 respiratory cultures from 533 children (median 4 cultures/child, interquartile range (IQR): 1–9), 25.9% were obtained during ARI and 17.2% had ≥1 organism. Children with ARI diagnosis had higher odds of organism identification (adjusted odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.44). When controlling for covariates, ARI was associated with isolation of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Test characteristics revealed a 24.3% sensitivity, 85.2% specificity, 36.5% positive predictive value, and 76.3% negative predictive value in screening for bARI.ConclusionThe utility of respiratory culture testing to screen for, diagnose, and direct treatment of ARI in children with tracheostomies is limited.
Unilateral diffuse alveolar haemorrhage with microscopic polyangiitis: A case report
Authors: Kim Tae Gyoung , Kang Jiyeon , Seo Woo Jung , Kang Jieun , Park So‐Hee , Koo Hyeon‐Kyoung , Park Hye Kyeong , Lee Sung‐Soon , Kim Jung Gon , Kang Hyung Koo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is a life‐threatening condition caused by widespread damage to the small pulmonary vessels. Common chest imaging findings in patients with DAH show bilateral diffuse airspace opacities. DAH complicating antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis, including microscopic polyangiitis, should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with progressive dyspnea, reduced haemoglobin levels, and alveolar opacities on chest imaging. We report the case of a 78‐year‐old woman who presented with unilateral DAH, severe dyspnea, and anaemia. DAH was confirmed using bronchoalveolar lavage. Laboratory test results, including ANCA, positive anti‐myeloperoxidase antibody, and negative anti‐proteinase 3, led to a diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis. Rituximab and methylprednisolone were administered. The patient's symptoms, laboratory test results, and chest radiography findings improved after the initiation of treatment. This case highlights the importance of prompt recognition of clinical symptoms and signs, including dyspnea and anaemia, for the diagnosis of DAH.
Distance‐targeted competitive follower‐attraction containment control for multi‐agent systems with weighted directed graphs
Authors: Ao Yichao , Jia Yingmin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper studies competitive containment control problems of the leader‐follower multi‐agent systems with weighted directed graphs. Two leaders compete to minimize the ultimate distances from the followers, by directly connecting with some of the followers and allocating weights on these connections. This competition is characterized by a nonzero‐sum game due to the existence of singular strategies. With the help of matrix series and Geršgorin discs, we provide the gradients and the convexity of the payoff functions on the differentiable strategy sets. By constructing auxiliary strategy sets which elaborately exclude the singular strategies and deeply analyzing the Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker conditions, existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium are rigorously examined, and a sufficient and necessary algebraic condition for this Nash equilibrium is further obtained. For a special case where all followers can be connected with meanwhile a degree condition for the interaction graph is satisfied, we find each leader tends to build connections with all followers and destroy the distribution fashion of multi‐agent systems. All above analysis indicates that some typical phenomena in game theory models such as Pigs' Payoff and Prisoner's Dilemma similarly exist in the multi‐agent containment control systems. Lastly, two Nash equilibrium seeking algorithms are proposed for leaders to select their rational strategies.
The jump of the clique chromatic number of random graphs
Authors: Lichev Lyuben , Mitsche Dieter , Warnke Lutz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe clique chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors in a vertex coloring so that no maximal clique is monochromatic. In 2016 McDiarmid, Mitsche and Prałat noted that around the clique chromatic number of the random graph changes by when we increase the edge‐probability by , but left the details of this surprising “jump” phenomenon as an open problem. We settle this problem, that is, resolve the nature of this polynomial “jump” of the clique chromatic number of the random graph around edge‐probability . Our proof uses a mix of approximation and concentration arguments, which enables us to (i) go beyond Janson's inequality used in previous work and (ii) determine the clique chromatic number of up to logarithmic factors for any edge‐probability .
Thermodynamic Analysis of CO2 Hydrogenation to Ethanol: Solvent Effects
Authors: Fu Weijie , Tang Zhenchen , Liu Shuilian , He Yiming , Sun Ruiyan , Mebrahtu Chalachew , Zeng Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCO2 hydrogenation to ethanol presents an important way to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate global warming. Since the solvent plays a key role in this reaction (i. e. in a batch reactor), the thermodynamics is investigated herein using an RGibbs model in Aspen Plus to illustrate the effects of solvents with various dielectric constant and vapor pressure. Accordingly, it is found that the solvents possessing a high dielectric constant together with low vapor pressure favor ethanol synthesis thermodynamically. Furthermore, mixing a solvent having a high‐dielectric‐constant and high vapor pressure with another solvent having a low‐dielectric‐constant and low vapor pressure promotes ethanol synthesis thermodynamically.
Binary Carbon Modification Promoting the Electrochemical Performance of Silicon Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Feng Yaxin , Zhang Yang , Song Ye , Li Pingyun , Liu Jie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs the research on lithium‐ion battery cathode materials gradually breaks through the saturation, the anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries have received wide attention because of their promising future. Silicon electrodes, in particular, are attracting increasing attention. In this paper, the Si/G precursor was achieved by simple mechanical ball milling. Two silicon based composite electrode materials Si@TA and Si@TA‐G were synthesized by spontaneous polymerization of tannic acid on precursor surface in Tris buffer solution. For the poor electrical conductivity of silicon, graphite was added as a carbon source to avoid the direct contact between silicon and electrolyte during charge/discharge process by forming tannic acid coating on silicon surface.The Si@TA composites achieve a discharge specific capacity of 927.4 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 current density after 50 cycles with a retention rate of 87.1 % while the reversible capacity of Si@TA‐G is 1249.8 mAh g−1 with a retention rate is 93.6 %. This unique composite method provides new insights into the modification of silicon anode materials.
Exploring Anthraquinones as Antibacterial and Antifungal agents
Authors: Raghuveer Dhanush , Pai V. Varsha , Murali Thokur Sreepathy , Nayak Roopa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnthraquinones having an anthracene core structure with two carbonyl groups are essential compounds in therapeutic applications. One of the growing concerns within the medical community is antimicrobial resistance. Multiple drug‐resistant microbes can worsen a disease that can be easily treated with normal drugs. Microbes also produce biofilms that further enhance their resistance to antimicrobials, rendering biofilm‐associated infections challenging to eradicate. This review provides an update on the antibacterial and antifungal activities of natural and synthetic anthraquinone derivatives. The mechanism of antibacterial and antifungal action of anthraquinones are summarised, which will help in designing new therapeutically effective anthraquinone compounds.
Actors in conflict of interest in Iran's health system: Ranking and policy recommendations for conflict of interest management
Authors: Khanjankhani Khatere , Takian Amirhossein , Shamsi Gooshki Ehsan , Mohammadi Seyed‐Mehrdad , Arab Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe conducted this study to rank conflict of interest (COI) actors in Iran's health system. Based on a review of relevant literature, we extracted a list of 27 actors within seven categories who play roles in the COI in the health system. We considered three criteria for ranking the actors: the actor's interest, power, and authority concerning COI. Each actor scored one to five on the Likert scale in every criteria. Using descriptive statistics, each actor's mean and standard deviation of its scores were calculated in these three indicators. The actors were ranked using the fuzzy TOPSIS method. The results showed the leading players in abusing the COI in the health system of Iran are the “Food and Drug Organization” and the “Parliament.” The role and capacity of civil society and nongovernmental organizations as essential arms of oversight and transparency should not be overlooked. The government needs to enhance its efforts, we envisage, to utilize the capability of these actors by opening a dialog with them and providing the necessary training for COI.
The evolution of cannabinoid receptors in cancer
Authors: Pennant Nakea M. , Hinton Cimona V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCannabis sativa (cannabis) has been used as a therapeutic treatment for centuries treating various diseases and disorders. However, racial propaganda led to the criminalization of cannabis in the 1930s preventing opportunities to explore marijuana in therapeutic development. The increase in recreational use of cannabis further grew concern about abuse, and lead to further restrictions and distribution of cannabis in the 1970s when it was declared to be a Schedule I drug in the USA. In the late 1990s in some states, legislation assisted in legalizing the use of cannabis for medical purposes under physician supervision. As it has been proven that cannabinoids and their receptors play an essential role in the regulation of the physiological and biological processes in our bodies. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is the complex that regulates the cell‐signaling system consisting of endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), cannabinoid receptors, and the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of the endocannabinoids. The ECS along with phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids serves to be a beneficial therapeutic target in treating diseases as they play roles in cell homeostasis, cell motility, inflammation, pain‐sensation, mood, and memory. Cannabinoids have been shown to inhibit proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis and even restore homeostasis in a variety of models of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cannabis and its receptors have evolved into a therapeutic treatment for cancers.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Dynamic response of elastic anisotropic solid with nanoinclusions
Authors: Parvanova Sonia , Dineva Petia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe finite elastic anisotropic solid with multiple elastic isotropic/anisotropic nanoinclusions of arbitrary shape, size, number and geometrical configuration subjected to time‐harmonic or transient loads is examined under plane strain conditions. The proposed mechanical model is based on a hybrid usage of elastodynamic theory for the bulk elastic anisotropic solid under non‐classical boundary conditions (BC), supplemented with a localized constitutive equation for the solid‐nanoinclusion interface in the framework of the Gurtin‐Murdoch theory of surface elasticity. The developed and verified numerical scheme for solution of the transient problem is based on the hybrid usage of direct and inverse Fourier transform (FFT), boundary element method (BEM) in conjunction with closed form frequency dependent fundamental solution of elastodynamic equation for anisotropic materials. The proposed model is flexible, numerically efficient and has virtually no limitations regarding the type of material anisotropy, nanoinclusions’ shape, size, number and geometrical configuration. The numerical results show a marked dependence of the wave fields on the surface elasticity effects, on the size, number and position of the nanoinclusions, on the type of material anisotropy, on the type and properties of the dynamic load, on the mutual interactions between nanoinclusions and between them and the external solid's boundary.
ModelarDB: Integrated Model-Based Management of Time Series from Edge to Cloud
Authors: Jensen Søren Kejser , Thomsen Christian , Pedersen Torben Bach 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo ensure critical infrastructure is operating as expected, high-quality sensors are increasingly installed. However, due to the enormous amounts of high-frequency time series they produce, it is impossible or infeasible to transfer or even store these time series in the cloud when using state-of-the-practice compression methods. Thus, simple aggregates, e.g., 1–10-minutes averages, are stored instead of the raw time series. However, by only storing these simple aggregates, informative outliers and fluctuations are lost. Many Time Series Management System (TSMS) have been proposed to efficiently manage time series, but they are generally designed for either the edge or the cloud. In this paper, we describe a new version of the open-source model-based TSMS ModelarDB. The system is designed to be modular and the same binary can be efficiently deployed on the edge and in the cloud. It also supports continuously transferring high-frequency time series compressed using models from the edge to the cloud. We first provide an overview of ModelarDB, analyze the requirements and limitations of the edge, and evaluate existing query engines and data stores for use on the edge. Then, we describe how ModelarDB has been extended to efficiently manage time series on the edge, a novel file-based data store, how ModelarDB’s compression has been improved by not storing time series that can be derived from base time series, and how ModelarDB transfers high-frequency time series from the edge to the cloud. As the work that led to ModelarDB began in 2015, we also reflect on the lessons learned while developing it.