bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Dysnatremia in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Palatoplasty
Authors: Lonfat Ewyanna , La Scala Giorgio C. 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
Identifying predisposing factors to dysnatremia to improve perioperative care after cleft surgery.

Design:
Retrospective case series. Patient data were obtained through the electronic medical records of the hospital.

Setting:
Tertiary care university hospital.

Patients:
The inclusion criterion was the measurement of an abnormal natremia value, defined as Na >150 or <130 mmol/l after a cleft lip or cleft palate repair procedure. The exclusion criterion was natremia between 131 and 149 mmol/l.

Results:
Natremia measurements were available for 215 patients born between 1995 and 2018. Five patients presented with postoperative dysnatremia. Several predisposing factors to dysnatremia have been identified: drugs, infection, administration of intravenous fluids, and postoperative syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Although the hospital environment contributes to dysnatremia development, the fact that only patients undergoing cleft palate repair develop natremia anomalies suggests that this surgery may be itself a risk factor.

Conclusion:
Children undergoing palatoplasty may be at higher risk to develop postoperative dysnatremia. Early recognition of symptoms and risk factors, postoperative monitoring, and prompt treatment of dysnatremia diminish the risk of neurological complications.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Adult Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma in Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Liu Yue , Liu Yan , Wen Lian Ji , Yu Dan 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
To investigate the clinicopathological features, imaging features, diagnosis, and prognosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) in the maxillary sinus.

Methods:
The detailed clinical data of rare patients with embryonal ERMS of maxillary sinus admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the embryonal ERMS was confirmed by pathological examination and immunohistochemistry, and the relevant literature was reviewed.

Results:
A 58-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with the chief complaint of “numbness and swelling of the left cheek for 1 and a half months”. Blood routine, biochemistry, paranasal sinus computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed after admission, and the pathology showed ERMS. At present, it is generally in good condition. Pathological examination showed that the cells were all small and round. Immunohistochemistry showed Desmin (+) and Ki-67 (+70%).

Conclusion:
The early symptoms of ERMS of the maxillary sinus are atypical and diverse, with a high degree of malignancy, rapid progression, strong invasiveness, and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment should be based on clinical characteristics, imaging examination, and immunohistochemical results.
Development and Validation of Prediction Models and Risk Calculators for Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure and Postoperative Complications using a Diverse International Cohort of Major Hepatectomies
Authors: Wang Jaeyun Jane , Feng Jean , Gomes Camilla , Calthorpe Lucia , Ashraf Ganjouei Amir , Romero-Hernandez Fernanda , Benedetti Cacciaguerra Andrea , Hibi Taizo , Abdelgadir Adam Mohamed , Alseidi Adnan , Abu Hilal Mohammad , Rashidian Nikdokht ,   International Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure Study Group
Published: May 2023

Objective:
The study aim was to develop and validate models to predict clinically significant post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) and serious complications (a Comprehensive Complication Index® [CCI®]>40) using preoperative and intraoperative variables.

Summary Background Data:
PHLF is a serious complication after major hepatectomy but does not comprehensively capture a patient’s postoperative course. Adding the CCI® as an additional metric can account for complications unrelated to liver function.

Methods:
The cohort included adult patients who underwent major hepatectomies at twelve international centers (2010–2020). After splitting the data into training and validation sets (70:30), models for PHLF and a CCI®>40 were fit using logistic regression with a lasso penalty on the training cohort. The models were then evaluated on the validation dataset.

Results:
Among 2,192 patients, 185 (8.4%) had clinically significant PHLF and 160 (7.3%) had a CCI®>40. The PHLF model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80, calibration slope of 0.95, and calibration-in-the-large of −0.09, while the CCI® model had an AUC of 0.76, calibration slope of 0.88, and calibration-in-the-large of 0.02. When the models were provided only preoperative variables to predict PHLF and a CCI®>40, this resulted in similar AUCs of 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. Both models were used to build two risk calculators with the option to include or exclude intraoperative variables (PHLF Risk Calculator; CCI®>40 Risk Calculator).

Conclusions:
Using an international cohort of major hepatectomy patients, we used preoperative and intraoperative variables to develop and internally validate multivariable models to predict clinically significant PHLF and a CCI®>40 with good discrimination and calibration.
Effects of short-term restriction of animal products on blood biomarkers and cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Loizidou Eleni M. , Simistiras Alexandros , Barmpounakis Petros , Glentis Stavros , Dimopoulos Alexandros , Anezaki Maria , Kontoyiannis Ioannis , Demiris Nikolaos , Rouskas Pavlos , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Yannakoulia Mary , Rouskas Konstantinos , Dimas Antigone S. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTDietary interventions constitute a means of untapped potential for the prevention and management of diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and inflammatory disorders. The extent to which dietary modification can contribute to disease prevention and treatment however remains unclear. Here, we addressed the effects of a dietary pattern, involving periodic animal product restriction (APR), on markers of human health. We compared blood biomarkers, complete blood counts, anthropometric traits and blood pressure between two dietary states for a unique group of 200 individuals from Greece, who alternate between omnivory and APR, for religious reasons. We used linear mixed effects models to report changes in measured traits between dietary states. Short-term APR was linked to a reduction in levels of total and LDL cholesterol [both β=-0.3, p<0.0001], to a 72% decrease in CRP concentration [β=-1.3, p=0.001], to reduced platelet counts [β=-9.8, p<0.0001] and to a concurrent reduction in CVD risk (5.3% to 4.9%, p=0.02), shifting APR-practicing individuals from a high to a low-to-moderate risk group. Beneficial changes were recorded for markers of renal and liver function, with the exception of ALP [β=2.5, p<0.0001]. These changes were not detected in a control group of 211 continuously omnivorous individuals. Overall, short-term APR was linked to a biomarker profile associated with positive effects on health, suggesting that even modest dietary modifications can be harnessed towards disease prevention.
Automated multi-scale computational pathotyping (AMSCP) of inflamed synovial tissue
Authors: Bell Richard D. , Brendel Matthew , Konnaris Maxwell , Xiang Justin , Otero Miguel , Fontana Mark A. ,   Accelerating Medicines Partnership Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (AMP RA/SLE) Consortium, DiCarlo Edward , Anolik Jennifer , Donlin Laura , Orange Dana , Mark Kenney H. , Schwarz Edward M. , Ivashkiv Lionel B , Wang Fei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex immune-mediated inflammatory disorder in which patients suffer from inflammatory-erosive arthritis. Recent advances on histopathology heterogeneity of RA pannus tissue revealed three distinct phenotypes based on cellular composition (pauci-immune, diffuse and lymphoid), suggesting distinct etiologies that warrant specific targeted therapy. Thus, cost-effective alternatives to clinical pathology phenotyping are needed for research and disparate healthcare. To this end, we developed an automated multi-scale computational pathotyping (AMSCP) pipeline with two distinct components that can be leveraged together or independently: 1) segmentation of different tissue types to characterize tissue-level changes, and 2) cell type classification within each tissue compartment that assesses change across disease states. Initial training and validation were completed on 264 knee histology sections from mice with TNF-transgenic (n=233) and injected zymosan induced (n=32) inflammatory arthritis. Peak tissue segmentation performance with a frequency weighted mean intersection over union was 0.94 ± 0.01 and peak cell classification F1 was 0.83 ± 0.12.We then leveraged these models and adapted them to analyze RA pannus tissue clinically phenotyped as pauci-immune (n=5), diffuse (n=28) and lymphoid (n=27), achieving peak cell classification performance with F1 score of 0.81 ± 0.06. Regression analysis demonstrated a highly significant correlation between AMSCP of lymphocyte counts and average Krenn Inflammation Score (rho = 0.88; p<0.0001). While a simple threshold of 1.1% of plasma cells demonstrated the phenotyping potential of our automated approach vs. a clinical pathologist with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.81 and 0.73. Taken together, we find AMSCP to be a valuable cost-effective method for research. Follow-up studies to assess its clinical utility are warranted.
Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammation in an experimental model of Crohn’s disease via the mesentery
Authors: Dave Maneesh , Dev Atul , Somoza Rodrigo A , Zhao Nan , Viswanath Satish , Mina Pooja Rani , Chirra Prathyush , Obmann Verena Carola , Mahabeleshwar Ganapati H , Menghini Paola , Johnson Blythe Durbin , Nolta Jan , Soto Christopher , Osme Abdullah , Khuat Lam T , Murphy William , Caplan Arnold I , Cominelli Fabio 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are novel therapeutics for treatment of Crohn’s disease. However, their mechanism of action is unclear, especially in disease-relevant chronic models of inflammation. Thus, we used SAMP-1/YitFc, a chronic and spontaneous murine model of small intestinal inflammation, to study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hMSC).DesignhMSC immunosuppressive potential was evaluated through in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction, ELISA, macrophage co-culture, and RT-qPCR. Therapeutic efficacy and mechanism in SAMP were studied by stereomicroscopy, histopathology, MRI radiomics, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, small animal imaging, and single-cell RNA sequencing (Sc-RNAseq).ResultshMSC dose-dependently inhibited naïve T lymphocyte proliferation in MLR via PGE2secretion and reprogrammed macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. hMSC promoted mucosal healing and immunologic response early after administration in SAMP model of chronic small intestinal inflammation when live hMSCs are present (until day 9) and resulted in complete response characterized by mucosal, histological, immunologic, and radiological healing by day 28 when no live hMSCs are present. hMSC mediate their effect via modulation of T cells and macrophages in the mesentery and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN). Sc-RNAseq confirmed the anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages and identified macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic hMSCs as a mechanism of action that explains their long-term efficacy.ConclusionhMSCs result in healing and tissue regeneration in a chronic model of small intestinal inflammation. Despite being short-lived, exert long-term effects via macrophage reprogramming to an anti-inflammatory phenotype.Data Transparency StatementSingle-cell RNA transcriptome datasets are deposited in an online open access repository ‘Figshare’ (DOI:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21453936.v1)
Correspondence between Signaling and Developmental Patterns by Competing Cells: A Computational Perspective
Authors: Eidi Zahra , Khorasani Najme , Sadeghi Mehdi 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTArrangement of variant phenotypes in ordered spatial assemblies during division of stem cells is essential for the self-organization of cell tissues. The cellular patterns of phenotypes competing for space and resources against one another are mostly driven by secreted diffusible chemical signaling clues. This complex process is carried out within a chronological framework of interplaying intracellular and intercellular events. This includes receiving external stimulants-whether secreted by other individuals or provided by the environment-interpreting these environmental signals and incorporating the information to designate cell fate. An enhanced understanding of the building blocks of this framework would be of help to set the scene for promising regenerative therapies. In this study, by proposing a designative computational map, we show that there is a correspondence between signaling and developmental patterns that are produced by competing cells. That is, the model provides an appropriate prediction for the final structure of the differentiated cells in a competitive environment. Besides, given that the final state of the cellular organization is known, the corresponding regressive signaling patterns are partly predictable following the proposed map.Author SummaryMulticellular organisms are made of repeated divisions of single cells and aggregation of their offspring together. However, the aggregated formations are not colony-like accumulations of piled-up cells. Instead, they are “emergent” spatiotemporal structures of developmentally differentiated cell types. The functionally integrated structures remain relatively constant throughout the life of the organisms, despite the death and production of new cells. The question is: How differentiated cells are capable of making variant patterns without any predefined templates? It is shown that with a variety of differentiated cell types, emergence of complex patterns is feasible through the interplay of intercellular interactions and intracellular decision-making switches. Such conceptual understanding has the potential to generate a multitude of novel and precisely controlled cellular behaviors.
New semi-automated tool for the quantitation of MR imaging to estimate in vivo muscle disease severity in mice
Authors: Waters Emily A. , Haney Chad R. , Vaught Lauren. A , McNally Elizabeth M. , Demonbreun Alexis R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by degenerating muscle fibers, inflammation, fibro-fatty infiltrate, and edema, and these pathological processes replace normal healthy muscle tissue. Themdxmouse model is one of the most commonly used preclinical models to study DMD. Mounting evidence has emerged illustrating that muscle disease progression varies considerably inmdxmice, with inter-animal differences as well as intra-muscular differences in pathology in individualmdxmice. This variation is important to consider when conducting assessments of drug efficacy and in longitudinal studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive method that can be used qualitatively or quantitatively to measure muscle disease progression in the clinic and in preclinical models. Although MR imaging is highly sensitive, image acquisition and analysis can be time intensive. The purpose of this study was to develop a semi-automated muscle segmentation and quantitation pipeline that can quickly and accurately estimate muscle disease severity in mice. Herein, we show that the newly developed segmentation tool accurately divides muscle. We show that measures of skew and interdecile range based on segmentation sufficiently estimate muscle disease severity in healthy wildtype and diseasedmdxmice. Moreover, the semi-automated pipeline reduced analysis time by nearly 10-fold. Use of this rapid, non-invasive, semi-automated MR imaging and analysis pipeline has the potential to transform preclinical studies, allowing for pre-screening of dystrophic mice prior to study enrollment to ensure more uniform muscle disease pathology across treatment groups, improving study outcomes.
Host community structure can shape pathogen outbreak dynamics through a phylogenetic dilution effect
Authors: Toorians Marjolein E.M. , Smallegange Isabel M. , Davies T. Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBiodiversity loss and anthropogenic modifications to species communities are impacting the frequency and magnitude of disease emergence events. These changes may be related through mechanisms in which biodiversity either increases (amplifies) or decreases (dilutes) disease prevalence. Biodiversity effects can be direct, when contacts among competent hosts are substituted by contacts with sink hosts, or indirect through regulation of host abundances. Whether a disease is diluted or amplified depends on the competence of the host species in the community. Here, we introduce a multi-host compartmental disease model in which we assume that host competence is determined by evolutionary relatedness. By simulating communities of varying phylogenetic structure, and estimating community disease outbreak potential (R0), we show how differences in host phylogenetic relatedness can switch host communities from diluting to amplifying a disease, even when species richness is unchanged. We additionally show that phylogenetic dilution can occur simultaneously with amplification through species richness, highlighting the multidimensionality of the disease-diversity relationship. We illustrate our model using empirical data describing the relationship between phylogenetic distances separating hosts and their likelihood of disease sharing. Our study demonstrates how a phylogenetic dilution effect can emerge when we allow transmission to depend on host evolutionary histories.
Extensive Loss and Gain of Conserved Non-Coding Elements during Early Teleost Evolution
Authors: Iliopoulou Elisavet , Papadogiannis Vasileios , Tsigenopoulos Costas S. , Manousaki Tereza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConserved Non-coding Elements (CNE) in vertebrates are enriched around transcription factor loci associated with development. However, loss and rapid divergence of CNEs has been reported in teleost fish, albeit taking only few genomes into consideration. Taking advantage of the recent increase in high-quality teleost genomes, we focus on studying the evolution of teleost CNEs, carrying out targeted genomic alignments and comparisons within the teleost phylogeny to detect CNEs and reconstruct the ancestral teleost CNE repertoire. This teleost-centric approach confirms previous observations of extensive vertebrate CNE loss early in teleost evolution, but also reveals massive CNE gain in the teleost stem-group over 300 million years ago. Using synteny-based association to link CNEs to their putatively regulated target genes, we show the most teleost gained CNEs are found in the vicinity of orthologous loci involved in transcriptional regulation and embryonic development that are also associated with CNEs in other vertebrates. Moreover, teleost and vertebrate CNEs share a highly similar motif and transcription factor binding site vocabulary. We suggest that early teleost CNE gains reflect a restructuring of the ancestral CNE repertoire through both extreme divergence andde novoemergence. Finally, we support newly identified pan-teleost CNEs have potential for accurate resolution of teleost phylogenetic placements in par with coding sequences, unlike ancestral only elements shared with spotted gar. This work provides new insight into CNE evolution with great value for follow-up work on phylogenomics, comparative genomics and the study of gene regulation evolution in teleosts.
Relative energetic economy of cleistogamous selfing in three populations of the perennialRuellia humilis
Authors: Soto Tatyana Y. , Ryan Nicholas A. , Oakley Christopher G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPremise of researchWhat maintains mixed selfing and outcrossing is an enduring mystery in evolutionary biology. Cleistogamy, where individuals produce both potentially outcrossing chasmogamous and obligately selfing cleistogamous flowers, provides an ideal framework in which to study the evolutionary forces maintaining mixed-mating. Despite their promise for providing insight into mating system evolution, few studies of cleistogamous species have comprehensively investigated the relative costs and benefits of cleistogamous selfing.MethodologyWe quantified the necessary components to calculate the relative energetic cost of reproduction of the different flower types in three natural populations of the perennialRuellia humilisNutt (Acanthaceae). These components include flower dry mass, fertility (fruit set), and seed mass and number per fruit. We also measured pollen-ovule ratios for both flower types as another measure of relative energetic investment. We additionally tracked phenology of the two flower types and used the proportion of chasmogamous flowers to estimate maximum potential outcrossing rates.Pivotal ResultsWe found that the energetic cost of reproduction via cleistogamous flowers was about 4-10 times less than that of reproduction via chasmogamous flowers, and this energetic economy was from both reduced mass and increased fertility of cleistogamous flowers. Pollen ovule ratios in cleistogamous flowers were one third to one half those of chasmogamous flowers, providing additional support for their energetic economy. Maximum potential outcrossing rates in these populations based on chasmogamous flower production were between 43-61%, but chasmogamous flowers can autogamously self at rates of 33-75%.ConclusionsThe relative energetic economy of cleistogamous flowers suggest that progeny from chasmogamous flowers would have to have 4-10 times greater relative fitness to explain their evolutionary maintenance. These values are likely even greater considering the reduced investment in pollen production in cleistogamous flowers. Ongoing work will quantify potential advantages of chasmogamous flowers due to inbreeding depression and heterosis.