bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors and Pregnancy Outcomes of Antepartum Hemorrhage in Women with Placenta Previa
Authors: Im Do Hwa , Kim Young Nam , Cho Eun Hye , Kim Da Hyun , Byun Jung Mi , Jeong Dae Hoon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlacenta previa (PP) is one such complication related to several adverse pregnancy outcomes. Adverse outcomes are likely greater if PP coexists with antepartum hemorrhage (APH). This study aims to evaluate the risk factors and pregnancy outcomes of APH in women with PP. This retrospective case–control study included 125 singleton pregnancies with PP who delivered between 2017 and 2019. Women with PP were divided into two groups: PP without APH (n = 59) and PP with APH (n = 66). We investigated the risk factors associated with APH and compared the differences between both groups in placental histopathology lesions due to APH and the resulting maternal and neonatal outcomes. Women with APH had more frequent antepartum uterine contractions (33.3% vs. 10.2%, P = .002) and short cervical length (< 2.5 cm) at admission (53.0% vs. 27.1%, P = .003). The placentas from the APH group had lower weight (442.9 ± 110.1 vs. 488.3 ± 117.7 g, P = .03) in the gross findings, and a higher rate of villous agglutination lesions (42.4% vs. 22.0%, P = .01) in the histopathologic findings. Women with APH in PP had higher rates of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes (83.3% vs. 49.2%, P = .0001). Neonates born to women with APH in PP had worse neonatal outcomes (59.1% vs. 23.9%, P = .0001). Preterm uterine contractions and short cervical length were the most significant risk factors for APH in PP.
Bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance differ between catheter and non–catheter-associated urinary tract infections: Data from a national surveillance network
Authors: D’Incau Stéphanie , Atkinson Andrew , Leitner Lorenz , Kronenberg Andreas , Kessler Thomas M. , Marschall Jonas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate clinically relevant microbiological characteristics of uropathogens and to compare patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) to those with non-CAUTIs.

Methods:
All urine cultures from the calendar year 2019 of the Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance database were analyzed. Group differences in the proportions of bacterial species and antibiotic-resistant isolates from CAUTI and non-CAUTI samples were investigated.

Results:
Data from 27,158 urine cultures met the inclusion criteria. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis together represented 70% and 85% of pathogens identified in CAUTI and non-CAUTI samples, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was significantly more often detected in CAUTI samples. The overall resistance rate for the empirically often-prescribed antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) was between 13% and 31%. Except for nitrofurantoin, E. coli from CAUTI samples were more often resistant (P ≤ .048) to all classes of antibiotics analyzed, including third-generation cephalosporines used as surrogate for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Significanty higher resistance proportions in CAUTI samples versus non-CAUTI samples were observed for CIP (P = .001) and NOR (P = .033) in K. pneumoniae, for NOR (P = .011) in P. mirabilis, and for cefepime (P = .015), and piperacillin-tazobactam (P = .043) in P. aeruginosa.

Conclusion:
CAUTI pathogens were more often resistant to recommended empirical antibiotics than non-CAUTI pathogens. This finding emphasizes the need for urine sampling for culturing before initiating therapy for CAUTI and the importance of considering therapeutic alternatives.
Adapting the Evidence Academy model for virtual stakeholder engagement in a national setting during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Carter-Edwards Lori , Leverty Renee , Bilheimer Alicia , Bailey Lindsay , Adeshina Bukola , Shrestha Prabisha , Yu Zhitong , Dave Gaurav , Cohen-Wolkowiez Michael , Kibbe Warren , Corbie Giselle 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic raised the importance of adaptive capacity and preparedness when engaging historically marginalized populations in research and practice. The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics in Underserved Populations’ COVID-19 Equity Evidence Academy Series (RADx-UP EA) is a virtual, national, interactive conference model designed to support and engage community-academic partnerships in a collaborative effort to improve practices that overcome disparities in SARS-CoV-2 testing and testing technologies. The RADx-UP EA promotes information sharing, critical reflection and discussion, and creation of translatable strategies for health equity. Staff and faculty from the RADx-UP Coordination and Data Collection Center developed three EA events with diverse geographic, racial, and ethnic representation of attendees from RADx-UP community-academic project teams: February 2021 (n = 319); November 2021 (n = 242); and September 2022 (n = 254). Each EA event included a data profile; 2-day, virtual event; event summary report; community dissemination product; and an evaluation strategy. Operational and translational delivery processes were iteratively adapted for each EA across one or more of five adaptive capacity domains: assets, knowledge and learning, social organization, flexibility, and innovation. The RADx-UP EA model can be generalized beyond RADx-UP and tailored by community and academic input to respond to local or national health emergencies.
A Review of the Progress and Potential of Energy Generation from Renewable Sources in Latin America
Authors: Escamilla-García Pablo Emilio , Fernández-Rodríguez Emmanuel , Jiménez-Castañeda Martha E. , Jiménez-González Carlos O. , Morales-Castro José Antonio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSustainable energy economics in Latin America has become relevant due to the region’s dependence on the oil market and the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review of the ten major economies in the region based on gross domestic product is conducted. We primarily analyze production performance of hydro, wind, and solar energies, in terms of total gigawatt hours produced, current participation levels in energy matrices, and total installed capacity. Current and future trends and legal frameworks for each technology and country are discussed. Our analyses indicate that Latin America and the Caribbean can potentially increase the usage of renewable energy sources given a plethora of natural resources, favorable geographical and climatic conditions, and existing large-scale hydro installations to counteract the inconsistency of wind and solar projects. Therefore, governments in the region must overhaul sustainable policies to increase awareness and reduce energy dependence on foreign powers.
Patterns and processes in the history of body size in turritelline gastropods, Jurassic to Recent
Authors: Pietsch Carlie , Gigliotti Michael , Anderson Brendan M. , Allmon Warren D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBody size is an important trait with implications for energy use and ecology as well as generation time and evolutionary rates. Turritelline gastropods are widely distributed through geologic time and space, making them an excellent group for evaluating macroevolutionary patterns. To evaluate the pattern of body-size change in turritelline gastropods, we compiled a dataset of shell lengths of 316 species of turritelline gastropods spanning the Jurassic to Recent. Type specimens were almost always significantly larger than specimen distributions from the same species. We found that turritelline gastropod size was inversely correlated with latitude, a trend likely driven by the Neogene–Recent diversification of small-bodied Southern Hemisphere taxa. A time series model was applied to distinguish among three possible macroevolutionary patterns: unbiased random walk (no directional trend), biased random walk (directional trend), and stasis (no net change). We determined that turritelline gastropods have experienced stasis in body size throughout their evolutionary history, adding to the growing literature documenting directionless body-size trends in marine invertebrate clades. Stasis of geographically widespread clades may be the result of ecological variability across the environmental range occupied by the group or differential diversification into opposing environments. Turritelline life-history patterns, especially their reproductive strategy that combines a short life span and decline in growth rate around 1 year of age to reallocate energy to reproduction, might circumvent selection for longevity and larger size, while further decrease in minimum size is likely limited by feeding efficiency and anti-predatory defense. The expectation that species or clades should continue to evolve to occupy larger size classes conflicts with the evolutionary advantages of small size, which in turritelline gastropods include high generational turnover and larger population sizes that yield opportunities for genetic variance.
Revision parathyroid surgery – challenges and considerations in comparison to primary surgery
Authors: McClean A , England R J A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveRevision parathyroidectomy is made necessary by recurrent or persistent parathyroid disease. This study aimed to identify challenges in revision surgery compared to primary parathyroid surgery.MethodsAll revision parathyroidectomies performed by one surgeon over a 17-year period were assessed for demographics, imaging, histology, biochemistry, cure rate, gland weight, gland location and gland ectopia, and compared to a series of 100 primary parathyroidectomies.ResultsTwenty-eight revision surgical procedures were identified. Sestamibi scanning for gland localisation was superior to ultrasound in both primary and revision surgery. Pre-operative calcium and gland weight were significantly higher in revision cases. There were no significant differences in post-operative calcium levels, pre- or post-operative parathyroid hormone levels, or gland location. 36 per cent of glands excised in revision surgery were ectopic, compared to 25 per cent in primary procedures. The cure rate was significantly lower in revision surgery.ConclusionRevision parathyroidectomy patients present with higher pre-operative calcium and larger adenomas; the cure rate is significantly lower in these patients.
Differences in clinical aspects of human cystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and the G6 genotype in Neuquén, Argentina
Authors: Debiaggi María Florencia , Alvarez Rojas Cristian A. , Lazzarini Lorena Evelina , Calfunao Daniel , Titanti Paola , Calanni Liliana , Iacono Marisa , Soriano Silvia Viviana , Deplazes Peter , Pierangeli Nora Beatriz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost human cystic echinococcosis (CE) cases worldwide are attributed to Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s), followed by the G6 and G7 genotypes. While E. granulosus s.s. has a cosmopolitan distribution, the G6 genotype is restricted to areas where camels and goats are present. Goats are the primary livestock in the Neuquén province in Argentina where the G6 genotype has been reported to be responsible for a significant percentage of CE human cysts genotyped. In the present study, we genotyped 124 Echinococcus cysts infecting 90 CE-confirmed patients. Echinococcus granulosus s.s. was identified in 51 patients (56.7%) with 81 cysts and the G6 genotype in 39 patients (43.3%) harbouring 43 cysts. Most CE cases ≤18 years were male suggesting pastoral work could be a risk factor for the infection. Echinococcus granulosus s.s. was significantly found more frequently in the liver (32/51 patients) and the G6 genotype in the lungs and extrahepatic localizations (27/39). The patients infected with E. granulosus s.s., presented up to 6 cysts while patients infected with G6 presented a maximum of 2. The diameter of lung cysts attributed to E. granulosus s.s. was significantly larger compared to lung cysts from G6. Following the WHO ultrasound classification of liver cysts, we observed inactive cysts in 55.6% of G6 cysts and only 15.3% of E. granulosus s.s cysts. In conclusion, we provide evidence of differences in clinical aspects of CE caused by E. granulosus s.s. and the G6 genotype of E. granulosus s.l. complex infecting humans.
Association between psychological distress trajectories from adolescence to midlife and mental health during the pandemic: evidence from two British birth cohorts
Authors: Moulton V. , Sullivan A. , Patalay P. , Fitzsimons E. , Henderson M. , Bann D. , Ploubidis G. B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis paper examined whether distinct life-course trajectories of psychological distress from adolescence to midlife were associated with poorer mental health outcomes during the pandemic.MethodsWe present a secondary analysis of two nationally representative British birth cohorts, the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS) and 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). We used latent variable mixture models to identify pre-pandemic longitudinal trajectories of psychological distress and a modified Poisson model with robust standard errors to estimate associations with psychological distress, life satisfaction and loneliness at different points during the pandemic.ResultsOur analysis identified five distinct pre-pandemic trajectories of psychological distress in both cohorts. All trajectories with prior symptoms of psychological distress irrespective of age of onset, severity and chronicity were associated with a greater relative risk of poorer mental health outcomes during the pandemic and the probability of poorer mental health associated with psychological distress trajectories remained fairly constant. The relationship was not fully attenuated when most recent pre-pandemic psychological distress and other midlife factors were controlled for.ConclusionsWhilst life-course trajectories with any prior symptoms of psychological distress put individuals at greater risk of poor mental health outcomes during the pandemic, those with chronic and more recent occurrences were at highest risk. In addition, prior poor mental health during the adult life-course may mean individuals are less resilient to shocks, such as pandemics. Our findings show the importance of considering heterogeneous mental health trajectories across the life-course in the general population in addition to population average trends.
The Idea of Asia in British Geographical Thought, 1652–1832
Authors: Stock Paul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article explores popular British ideas about Asia from the mid-seventeenth century to the early nineteenth century, using largely neglected sources: geography books. Thanks to their popularity and focus on conventional knowledge, this genre of texts – geographical reference works, gazetteers, encyclopaedias and schoolbooks – allows us to glimpse the commonplace mentalities of the period, and consequently to understand how Asia was perceived by ordinary literate Britons and not just by prominent intellectuals. Geography books typically regard Asia as a ‘place of origin’ for the cultural and societal achievements of Europe. They also assume that Asia possesses plentiful natural resources and is thus ripe for economic exploitation. At the same time, however, Asia is understood to be degenerate and corrupt, usually due to a combination of climactic decay, religious failings and government mismanagement. Asia is thus alien and entirely distinct from Europe, and, simultaneously, it is intimately connected to Europe's rise and future imperial progress. British geography books can tell us a great deal about how ordinary literate people understood Asian peoples and places in the formative age of British empire-building.
ANIMAL PROVISIONING AT CHICHEN ITZA AND ISLA CERRITOS: A ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW OF FAUNAL UTILIZATION
Authors: Jiménez Cano Nayeli G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZooarchaeological data are presented to examine aspects of animal resources utilization at Chichen Itza and Isla Cerritos during the Terminal Classic. Through the review of zooarchaeological records, a differential pattern emerges based on contextual and environmental origins of the identified taxa, highlighting the ritual importance of coastal species at Chichen Itza. In addition, the transportation network of animals and animal parts from the peninsular interior to Isla Cerritos and coastal areas towards Chichen Itza is outlined. The reviewed zooarchaeological evidence of both settlements represents the first effort to rethink and heighten understanding of the relationship between the northern Maya capital and its coastal outpost during the Terminal Classic, profiling the diverse environments being exploited and differential utilization in the coast and the interior of the Northern Lowlands.
Partial Euler operators and the efficient inversion of Div
Authors: Hydon P. E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe problem of inverting the total divergence operator is central to finding components of a given conservation law. This might not be taxing for a low-order conservation law of a scalar partial differential equation, but integrable systems have conservation laws of arbitrarily high order that must be found with the aid of computer algebra. Even low-order conservation laws of complex systems can be hard to find and invert. This paper describes a new, efficient approach to the inversion problem. Two main tools are developed: partial Euler operators and partial scalings. These lead to a line integral formula for the inversion of a total derivative and a procedure for inverting a given total divergence concisely.
Environmental delegation versus sales delegation: a game-theoretic analysis
Authors: Buccella Domenico , Fanti Luciano , Gori Luca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecently, in their 2019 paper, Poyago-Theotoky and Yong consider a managerial Cournot duopoly with pollution externalities and emission taxes and propose an explicit environmental incentive in a managerial compensation contract. The authors compare several exogenous equilibria emerging in the symmetric sub-games in which the owner offers either the environmental delegation contract or the standard sales delegation contract: abatement and social welfare (resp. emission taxes) under environmental delegation are higher (resp. lower) than under sales delegation. The present work extends their model using a game-theoretic approach to analyse the asymmetric sub-games, in which only one firm adopts the environmental contract, and adds the contract decision stage. Results show that the environmental contract never emerges as the unique sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium of this non-cooperative managerial decision game. Indeed, if the green R&D technology is efficient, the sales contract emerges as the unique Pareto-inefficient Nash equilibrium. Otherwise, if the green R&D technology is inefficient, multiple Nash equilibria in pure strategies exist (coordination game). Our findings offer direct policy implications.
Endogenous uncertainty and monetary policy
Authors: Kang ShinHyuck , Park Kwangyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we empirically explore the endogeneity of uncertainty and the interaction between different types of uncertainty and monetary policy using a shock-restricted vector-autoregression model. We find that a contractionary monetary policy shock reduces financial uncertainty, opposite to the findings in the previous literature, while at the same time it also heightens real uncertainty. This discrepancy arises because the model allows endogenous shifts in uncertainty. We also show that endogenous responses of uncertainty amplify the effects of monetary policy on real activity.
Comparative analysis of setup margin calculation in cone beam CT, by van Herk formula, using two different image registration methods
Authors: Roy Soumya , Sarkar Biplab , Pradhan Anirudh 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
This study aimed to quantify the difference in setup margin in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) setup imaging, utilising the van Herk formula for two different image registration methods. Two alternative techniques of registration, bony landmark (BL) matching and soft tissue matching (ST) for head and neck cancer patients, were investigated.

Methods:
This study included 30 head and neck cancer patients who received a simultaneous integrated boost of 54–60–66 Gy in 30 fractions, using volumetric modulated arc treatment. A total of 867 CBCT images were acquired during patient setup and further analysed for setup margin calculation. A region of interest was described using a clip box between the reference and CBCT image to calculate the patient’s positional inaccuracy in three translational directions, X, Y and Z, where X was mediolateral, Y was the cranial-caudal, and Z was the anterior-posterior direction in the patient-based coordinate system, respectively. The shifts were captured by altering the BL and ST matching, and the setup margin was calculated using the van Herk formula (=2·5Σ + 0·7σ where Σ was the systematic and σ was the random error).

Results:
The difference between bony and ST matching in most cases was observed to be 1·4 mm in all translational directions at a 95% confidence interval and <1° in all rotational directions. The rotational error was found to be below the action level (±3°); hence, no corrections related to rotational error were made. The translational setup margin for bone and ST-based registration was X (BL) = 4·6 mm, X (ST) = 4·4 mm, Y (BL) = 6·3 mm, Y (ST) = 4·7 mm, Z (BL) = 3·0 mm, Z (ST) = 3·6mm.

Conclusion:
Two distinct registration approaches for head-neck patient setup did not yield any significant difference in the setup margin calculation. A suitable approach for CBCT and reference CT registration technique was required for the setup margin calculation. Confusion in selecting the correct image registration procedure can result in incorrect treatment execution. The compatibility of the two registration approaches was established in this study. Image fusion was neutralised before the second match (ST) to avoid hysteresis. For setup verification using CBCT for the head and neck region, both bone and ST registration were compatible for setup verification.
Presence of liquid water during the evolution of exomoons orbiting ejected free-floating planets
Authors: Roccetti Giulia , Grassi Tommaso , Ercolano Barbara , Molaverdikhani Karan , Crida Aurélien , Braun Dieter , Chiavassa Andrea 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFree-floating planets (FFPs) can result from dynamical scattering processes happening in the first few million years of a planetary system's life. Several models predict the possibility, for these isolated planetary-mass objects, to retain exomoons after their ejection. The tidal heating mechanism and the presence of an atmosphere with a relatively high optical thickness may support the formation and maintenance of oceans of liquid water on the surface of these satellites. In order to study the timescales over which liquid water can be maintained, we perform dynamical simulations of the ejection process and infer the resulting statistics of the population of surviving exomoons around FFPs. The subsequent tidal evolution of the moons’ orbital parameters is a pivotal step to determine when the orbits will circularize, with a consequential decay of the tidal heating. We find that close-in ($a \lesssim 25$RJ) Earth-mass moons with carbon dioxide-dominated atmospheres could retain liquid water on their surfaces for long timescales, depending on the mass of the atmospheric envelope and the surface pressure assumed. Massive atmospheres are needed to trap the heat produced by tidal friction that makes these moons habitable. For Earth-like pressure conditions (p0= 1 bar), satellites could sustain liquid water on their surfaces up to 52 Myr. For higher surface pressures (10 and 100 bar), moons could be habitable up to 276 Myr and 1.6 Gyr, respectively. Close-in satellites experience habitable conditions for long timescales, and during the ejection of the FFP remain bound with the escaping planet, being less affected by the close encounter.