bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmology Residency Training in Nigeria
Authors: Adewara Bolajoko Abidemi , Adeoye Adenike Odunmorayo , Awe Oluwaseun Olaniyi , Oyedun Tolulope Olufunke , Akinde Mobolade Olasunkanmi 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Periodic evaluations are an indispensable part of any training programme. This study assessed ophthalmology residency training in Nigeria from the perspective of ophthalmology trainers.

Materials and Methods:
This was a nationwide web-based survey of ophthalmology trainers at the 30 institutions accredited by the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria from April 2021 to June 2021. Trainers were invited to complete a Google form via E-mail and WhatsApp. Data were collected on the characteristics of trainers and the training programme.

Results:
One hundred and fifty-eight (71.2%) out of 222 trainers responded to the survey comprising 67 (42.4%) males and 91 (57.6%) females, amongst whom were 97 (61.4%) subspecialists. The mean age (±standard deviation) was 51.47 ± 8.61 years (range, 38–75 years). Most respondents rated human resources (trainers and support staff) as 'much more' than adequate (n = 30, 19%), the volume of surgery as 'less or much less' than adequate (n = 82, 51.9%), the conduct of examinations as 'good' or better than good (n = 120, 75.9%) and impact of emigration of ophthalmologists on training as 'very negative' (n = 36, 22.8%). Overall, 94 (59.4%) respondents rated the quality of training as 'good' or better than good. Respondents recommended improving funding and training resources, revising the current conduct of examinations, increasing the use of appropriate technology and improving remunerations and national security.

Conclusions:
The majority of ophthalmology trainers rated ophthalmology residency training in Nigeria as 'good' but rated 'volume of surgery' as inadequate for training. Recommendations were made to improve the quality of training, revise examination practices and reduce the negative impact of emigration.
The Role of Social Support and Interpersonal Trust to Improve Compliance of Iron Supplementation amongst Adolescent Girls
Authors: Silitonga Hanna Tabita Hasianna , Salim Lutfi Agus , Nurmala Ira , Hargono Rachmat , Notobroto Hari Basuki , Hartini Nurul , Purwandini Septiana 
Published: February 2023

Context:
Adolescence is a crucial phase in preventing and controlling anaemia. One of the efforts made by the Indonesian government to overcome adolescent girl's anaemia is the iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation programme. This programme is one of the most effective interventions that various countries have used to overcome anaemia. The key to the success of the supplementation of IFA is the compliance of adolescent girls.

Aims:
This study investigates the compliance and its contributing factors of IFA supplementation and the role of social support and interpersonal trust as a source of information and reminder amongst adolescent girls in Sidoarjo, Indonesia.

Methods:
This research was a qualitative study using the in-depth interview to collect data. Thirteen adolescent girls from three high schools in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, were recruited using a snowball sampling technique.

Results:
Most of the girls did not comply with IFA supplementation. Contributing factors were the influence of peers, influence of teachers, parental influence, risk and benefit of taking IFA tablet and also failure to remember to take IFA tablet. The social environment that provided information and reminder came from teacher, parent, peer and also health worker. Interpersonal trust was needed to have positive perceived social support.

Conclusions:
Compliance with the consumption of IFA supplements requires the cooperation of various parties (teachers, parents, peers and health workers) and also interpersonal trust between adolescent girls to their social environment so the programme could be run optimally.
A Community-Based Study of Hair Care Practices, Scalp Disorders and Psychological Effects on Women in a Suburban Town in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ayanlowo Olusola Olabisi , Otrofanowei Erere 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
The scalp hairs on an average African is dry with low tensile strength and a tendency to break easily. This is mostly due to poor penetration of the natural oils on the scalp and the very curly hair texture. Various techniques developed to manage African hair are associated with certain hair and scalp disorders and are sources of distress.

Objectives:
This was a cross-sectional survey to compare natural African hair and chemically processed (relaxed) hair to determine the effect of hair care and grooming practices on common scalp disorders and the psychological effect in Nigerian women.

Subjects and Methods:
Questionnaires were administered to women at the market, churches and outreaches with many women in attendance to document the hair grooming practices, common scalp symptoms and psychological effects experienced. They were also examined for the presence of seborrhoeic dermatitis and traction alopecia.

Results:
The study involved 452 women (62.17%) with relaxed hair and 275 women (37.83%) with natural (untreated) hair. Women with relaxed hair experienced significantly more flaking of the scalp (P = 0.046, x2 = 6.16), hair breakage (P = 0.023, x2 = 11.35) and hair loss (P = 0.020, x2 = 7.87) than those with natural hair. The most common psychological effects of hair scalp disorders in all participants were feeling of uneasiness 142 (19.5%), frustration 49 (6.7%), poor body image 40 (5.5%) and anger 38 (5.2%). Significantly more women with relaxed hair experienced moderate hair loss from traction than women with natural hair (P = 0.014, x2 = 8.52).

Conclusion:
Nigerian women experienced clinical and psychological distress consequent to their hair grooming practices. Individuals with relaxed hair had more physical symptoms, hair loss and psychological disturbances than those with natural hair.
Diabetes mellitus Tipo 2: Autocuidado en Adultos mayores, desde el enfoque NOC
Authors: Vargas Aguilar Germania Marivel , Stepenka Victoria Álvarez , Olaya Pincay María Elena , Rebolledo Malpica Dinora Margarita 
Published: February 2023

Introducción: El autocuidado es la capacidad que tiene una personas para aplicarse así mismo los cuidados necesarios para sobrellevar una enfermedad o para prevenirla, pero en el caso de la confraternidad “Lupita Nolivos”, que da atención médica a adultos mayores que son quienes mayormente se ven afectados se precisa que la terna enfermera conozca tanto los resultados como intervenciones que permitan salvaguardar la integridad de este grupo de personas, así como también conocer en qué nivel estos pueden aplicarse cuidados a sí mismos. Objetivo: Describir la taxonomía NOC en el autocuidado del adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio se desarrolla bajo una modalidad cuantitativa con un enfoque positivista, como instrumento de recolección de datos se recurre a la encuesta y la ficha de observación, mientras que la muestra es de 50 historias clínicas. Resultados: A tres de las encuestas se pudo identificar que los adultos mayores, llevan buenas costumbres que les permiten contar con una vida saludable y a través de la ficha de observaciones fue posible captar los resultados e intervenciones más comunes dentro del CAE. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores respetan la prescripción médica y viven en armonía con su padecimiento, esto gracias a que se les brinda controles periódicos, por otro lado, los resultados de la ficha médica muestran que los resultados más comunes son la falta de sueño, problemas de evacuación, desorden nutricional, problemas emocionales entre otros, los cuales son tratados mediante intervenciones de control que permitan regular su metabolismo.
Strategi Kegiatan Pembelajaran Piano Klasik Bagi Anak di Jackson’s Piano Private Learning
Authors: Mamahi Ferren , Pandaleke Stefanny Mersiany 
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kegiatan pembelajaran piano klasik bagi anak usia 6-8 tahun dan strategi pembelajaran piano klasik bagi anak usia 6-8 tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif yang dilaksanakan di Jackson’s Piano Private Learning pada tahun 2022. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan interpretasi data maka diperoleh indikasi bahwa kegiatan pembelajaran piano klasik dilaksanakan melalui beberapa tahapan antara lain: mereview lagu dan teknik pada pertemuan sebelumnya, murid memainkan bahan lagu sesuai dengan target yang ditentukan instruktur, instruktur menjelaskan teori dan memberikan contoh lalu murid mengikuti, murid memainkan lagu sampai benar-benar menguasai. Strategi pembelajaran piano klasik yang diterapkan oleh instruktur menggunakan empat tahapan antara lain: strategi persiapan jalannya pembelajaran, strategi pengelolaan dalam pembelajaran piano, strategi pendekatan dalam pembelajaran piano, dan strategi evaluasi dalam pembelajaran piano.

Kata kunci: Strategi, Pembelajaran, Piano Klasik
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: February 2023

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses pembrolizumab (Keytruda), solution for infusion, 100 mg/4 mL vial.
Indication: Indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult and pediatric (12 years and older) patients with stage IIB or IIC melanoma following complete resection.
Specialized Clinics and Health Care Professional Resources for Post–COVID-19 Condition in Canada
Authors: Haas Robyn , Walter Melissa 
Published: February 2023

This Environmental Scan aims to provide an overview of the current range and scope of both specialty clinics and available resources for health care professionals about post–COVID-19 condition in Canada. This scan was informed through a limited literature search and a survey completed by targeted contacts across Canada.
Based on the survey responses, specialized clinics for post–COVID-19 condition have been established or are in development in Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Ontario, and Quebec. These clinics exist in various forms and range in their structural characteristics, operational characteristics, and stage of program development and quality improvement activities.
At the time the survey was administered, there were no specialized clinics located in Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, and Yukon. These jurisdictions are at various stages in their approach to addressing post–COVID-19 condition, ranging from prevention efforts to the discussion of and planning for the implementation of clinics in their own jurisdiction.
Based on the results of the literature search, there are a variety of resources that have been developed to improve the education, awareness, and training of health care professionals about post–COVID-19 condition. Referral pathways, tools for symptom screening and patient management, and educational resources, such as webinars, are among the most common. Resources about the development of clinics or models of care for post–COVID-19 condition have also been created.
There is a gap in the jurisdictional representation from some provinces and territories for specialty clinics for post–COVID-19 condition. In addition, this Environmental Scan is not exhaustive and does not necessarily capture all existing clinics in each jurisdiction nor does it provide a comprehensive list of all available resources for health care professionals.
Dostoevsky’s Philosophy: A Critical Overview of Its Interpretations and a Definition of Its Contradiction
Authors: Pitari Paolo 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
This article provides an overview of philosophical interpretations of Dostoevsky, focusing on readings that pay particular attention to his representation of the battle between good and evil, and postulating that said representation constitutes the essence of his works. The analysis maps this history of interpretations as developing within a specific framework: the dispute between interpreters who argue that good triumphs in Dostoevsky’s works and those who maintain that nihilism prevails in the end. In this context, the article submits its own thesis: that a fundamental contradiction haunts the offer, in Dostoevsky’s works, of Christian salvation, and condemns Dostoevsky to defeat at the hands of his nihilists.
Metonymy, Presence, and the Ethics of Imagination in Postmemorial Writing: Andra Manfelde’s Zemnīcas bērni and Katja Petrowskaja’s Maybe Esther
Authors: Ostups Artis 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
This article engages with two third-generation narratives of totalitarian trauma—Latvian writer Andra Manfelde’s prose work Zemnīcas bērni (The children of the bunker, 2010) and German writer Katja Petrowskaja’s autobiographical novel Maybe Esther (Vielleicht Esther, 2014)—to demonstrate the substantial role of metonymy in postmemorial writing where it serves the function of reactivating the troubling past. The author’s theoretical departure point is the observation that metonymy has been overlooked within the emphasis on the archive as the empirical basis of postmemorial prose. Metonymical connections between the past and the present are implied in Marianne Hirsch’s (2012) concept “points of memory.” However, her concept seems suited more for explaining the affective power of family photographs, while postmemorial texts are full of all kinds of metonymies: not just images, but also names, dates, and objects, able to enforce the presence of the past. In order to account for these metonymical signs encountered by autobiographical narrators in their storyworlds and made present on the level of narrative discourse, the article suggests turning to Eelco Runia’s (2014) philosophical conception of metonymy as a transfer of presence. The final aspect discussed here is the way metonymy enables ethical imagination.
Durability Performance of Geopolymer Concrete of Various Strength
Authors: Meechang Clarence Meripa , Muthuramalingam Jayakumar , Tam Nicholas 
Published: February 2023

Geopolymers, primarily composed of fly ash, have proved an excellent substitute for ordinary portland cement (OPC) in terms of sustainability and productivity. In order to determine the geopolymer concrete's (GPC) resistance to chemical assaults and water permeability, it is necessary to obtain geopolymer concrete (GPC) of varying strengths after normal curing. The objectives of the research was to test the durability performances of the GPC of various strength under normal curing and investigating the optimum strength based on durability testing of the GPC. For this research, different type of cement-to-fly ash ratio was used for various strength data. The appropriate mixture was conducted by using the trial mix method in order to obtain better accuracy of the results data during the mixing design process. To satisfy the varied strength designs, a small proportion of OPC is added to the GPC mixture as part of the mix design. After 28 days of curing, this durability testing is undertaken after the concrete has reached its maximum strength. The compressive strength test and weights were performed and compared to the GPC mix design at 60 °C after heat curing. The 8% OPC replacement has greater resistance to sulfate attack, saltwater exposure, and water permeability compared to the 6% and 7% OPC alternatives. Consequently, the experiment reveals that the GPC's durability and strength increase as the percentage of OPC increases.
Is Heterotopic Ossification Associated With Surgical Approach in Total Hip Arthroplasty?
Authors: Wilke Benjamin K. , Guier Christian , Applewhite Andres , Garner Hillary W. , Stanborough Rupert O. , Spaulding Aaron , Sebro Ronnie A. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Although risk factors for heterotopic ossification (HO) have been defined, the effect from surgical approach is not fully understood. The primary objective of our study was to evaluate the effect that surgical approach has on the risk for developing severe HO after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and compare this with other known risk factors. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in HO formation based on the surgical approach.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent primary THA at our hospital between March 2011 and March 2021. Patients with HO documented in the radiology reports were cross-referenced with our THA data set and manually reviewed to determine Brooker classification. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, surgical details, and medication information were collected from the electronic medical record and compared.

Results:
Of 3,427 patients who underwent THA, 677 (19.8%) developed HO postoperatively. A multivariable analysis confirmed that surgical approach was independently associated with increased odds for HO development. The anterolateral (odds ratio [OR], 3.43; P < 0.001) and posterior (OR, 2.24; P < 0.001) approaches had increased odds for developing HO compared with the direct anterior approach. However, only the anterolateral approach (OR, 1.85; P = 0.033) demonstrated an increased association with the development of severe HO (Brooker 3, 4) postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Although the use of the direct anterior approach had the lowest overall OR for developing HO after THA, this is likely only clinically notable when compared with the anterolateral approach.

Level of evidence:
III
Correlation of Relative Value Units With Surgical Complexity and Physician Workload: A Contemporary Nationwide Analysis of Orthopaedic Procedures
Authors: McNassor Ryan , Grits Daniel , Said Tariq M. , Burkhart Robert J. , Acuña Alexander J. , Kamath Atul F. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Although previous studies have demonstrated inconsistencies between surgeon work and reimbursement, no previous study has calculated expected relative value units (RVUs) based on procedure-specific variables. Our study aimed to evaluate how measures of physician workload and surgical complexity correlate with the work RVUs (wRVUs) assigned to orthopaedic procedures and compare our predicted wRVUs with actual wRVUs.

Methods:
The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was used to identify orthopaedic surgeries with the highest procedural volume in 2019. For each Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code, variables related to surgical complexity and postoperative management were retrieved. A multivariable linear regression was conducted, and R2 values were calculated.

Results:
A total of 229,792 cases from the top 20 CPT codes by frequency in 2019 were identified. Base RVU values ranged from 7.03 mRVUs for arthroscopic meniscectomy to 30.28 mRVUs for revision total hip arthroplasty. A total of 15 (75%) of the projected mRVUs were lower than the actual mRVU of the procedure. For the 5 (25%) procedures with mRVU projections higher than actual values, the largest differences were seen for CPT codes 29,888 (arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] repair; difference: 7.81), 22,630 (posterior arthrodesis of the lumbar interbody; difference: 7.75), and 27,487 (revision total knee arthroplasty; difference: 4.04).

Conclusion:
Our analysis demonstrates that current orthopaedic wRVUs do not appropriately compensate for objective measures of overall complexity as it relates to each procedure. Significant undercompensation in projected RVUs was noted for several high-volume orthopaedic procedures including arthroscopic ACL repair and revision total knee arthroplasty.
Tumbuhan Pengusir Bau: Dongeng Tumbuhan Super
Authors: Tethy Ezokanzo  , Agus Willy  
Published: February 2023

Pada buku ini diperkenalkan tumbuhan yang bisa menjadi bahan minyak wangi. Dimulai dari tumbuhan yang dekat dan dikenal oleh anak-anak yakni bunga melati dan jeruk. Lalu diperkenalkan tumbuhan langka yakni cendana. Selain diperkenalkan tentang tumbuhan tersebut, anak-anak juga diajak praktek cara mengolahnya. Semoga buku ini selain menjadi pengetahuan anak-anak, juga menjadi bekal life skill mereka.
Current Challenges of Enforcing Annulled Arbitral Awards
Authors: Psárska Lenka 
Published: February 2023

The controversy regarding the French approach to the enforcement of annulled arbitral awards may have died out, yet new issues continue to arise. This paper analyses the current practice in respect to the discretion given to the enforcing courts by the New York Convention. Special attention is paid to the development of case law and approaches of leading jurisdictions concerning the relationship of an award with the legal order under which it was rendered. The purpose of this paper is assessment of the discretion granted to the national courts by Article V of the New York Convention to enforce an award notwithstanding its annulment at the seat.
Condifentiality of Arbitral Awards on National, International and Institutional Level
Authors: Hodermarsky Jan , Stavinoha Vlastislav 
Published: February 2023

Confidentiality of arbitration is told to be one of the reasons why parties actually choose to arbitrate. The question of whether the arbitral award should remain confidential is however not unified across different jurisdictions. The regulation of this matter varies even when it comes to rules of various arbitration tribunals. Some jurisdictions consider the confidentiality of arbitral award to be an implied obligation derived from the very nature of arbitral process. This article analyses the legal regulation of confidentiality of arbitral awards on various levels while the importance of the publication is presented in the context of the lack of decisional coherence in international arbitration. Further, the resolution of potential conflict of the regulations is analysed. There are good reasons for making awards publicly available. Considering the information society of the 21st century, the fact that the publication of awards is regulated differently in different jurisdictions is a hindrance of parties’ legal certainty.
The Singapore Convention: A Giant Leap for Mediation or Just Too Good to Be True
Authors: Kršňáková Hana 
Published: February 2023

In this article, the author will explore the potential of the United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation, also known as the “Singapore Convention on Mediation” in reaching its desired goal – becoming an essential instrument in the facilitation of international trade and support the wide recognition of mediation as an international and domestic commercial dispute resolution practice. Hence becoming what was and still is the United Nations Convention of 10 June 1958 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards for the international trade arbitration. Through the analysis of the history and current state of the Singapore Convention, its guiding provisions, and their correlation with the basic principles of mediation, the author will evaluate the utilization and legitimacy of international business mediation in cross-border disputes after the Singapore Convention.