bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suramin binds and inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-2 through both spike protein-heparan sulfate and ACE2 receptor interactions
Authors: Kwon Paul S. , Xu Shirley , Oh Hanseul , Kwon Seok-Joon , Rodrigues Andre L. , Feroz Maisha , Fraser Keith , He Peng , Zhang Fuming , Hong Jung Joo , Linhardt Robert J. , Dordick Jonathan S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domains (RBDs) interact with both the ACE2 receptor and heparan sulfate on the surface of host cells to enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show that suramin, a polysulfated synthetic drug, binds to the ACE2 receptor and heparan sulfate binding sites on the RBDs of wild-type, Delta, and Omicron variants. Specifically, heparan sulfate and suramin had enhanced preferential binding for Omicron RBD, and suramin is most potent against the live SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) when compared to wild type and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants in vitro. These results suggest that inhibition of live virus infection occurs through dual SARS-CoV-2 targets of S-protein binding and previously reported RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibition and offers the possibility for this and other polysulfated molecules to be used as potential therapeutic and prophylactic options against COVID-19.
Quintet formation, exchange fluctuations, and the role of stochastic resonance in singlet fission
Authors: Collins Miles I. , Campaioli Francesco , Tayebjee Murad J. Y. , Cole Jared H. , McCamey Dane R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSinglet fission describes the spin-conserving production of two triplet excitons from one singlet exciton. The existence of a spin-2 (quintet) triplet-pair state as a product of singlet fission is well established in the literature, and control of quintet formation is an important step towards applying singlet fission in photovoltaics and quantum information. However, a definitive mechanism for quintet formation is yet to be established, which makes it difficult to design materials for optimal quintet formation. Here we outline a mechanism in which inter-triplet exchange-coupling fluctuations drive fast and efficient quintet formation. We show that quintet formation is possible even in the strong-exchange regime, in accordance with recent experimental prediction. We evaluate the performance of this quintet formation mechanism in two regimes of conformational freedom, and relate quintet dynamics to material properties of singlet fission molecules.
Driving force and nonequilibrium vibronic dynamics in charge separation of strongly bound electron–hole pairs
Authors: Somoza Alejandro D. , Lorenzoni Nicola , Lim James , Huelga Susana F. , Plenio Martin B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectron-hole pairs in organic photovoltaics efficiently dissociate although their Coulomb-binding energy exceeds thermal energy at room temperature. The vibronic coupling of electronic states to structured vibrational environments containing multiple underdamped modes is thought to assist charge separation. However, non-perturbative simulations of such large, spatially extended, electronic-vibrational (vibronic) systems remain an unmet challenge which current methods bypass by considering effective one-dimensional Coulomb potentials or unstructured environments where the effect of underdamped modes is ignored. Here we address this challenge with a non-perturbative simulation tool and investigate the charge separation dynamics in one, two and three-dimensional donor-acceptor networks to identify under what conditions underdamped vibrational motion induces efficient long-range charge separation. The resulting comprehensive picture of ultrafast charge separation differentiates electronic or vibronic couplings mechanisms for a wide range of driving forces and identifies the role of entropic effects in extended systems. This provides a toolbox for the design of efficient charge separation pathways in artificial nanostructures.
Evidence of Arctic methane emissions across the mid-Pleistocene
Authors: Panieri Giuliana , Knies Jochen , Vadakkepuliyambatta Sunil , Lee Amicia L. , Schubert Carsten J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDuring the Pleistocene, Earth’s climate changed dramatically. The mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT; ~1.3–0.7 million years (Ma)) featured an important ice volume increase at both poles. The evolution of large Arctic ice sheets caused the sequestration of methane as free gas and hydrates in subseabed sediments. Ice volume changes, associated with variable pressures and temperatures, perturbed those giant reservoirs, causing methane leakages. Here, we present borehole data from the Arctic–Atlantic gateway region, providing foraminiferal stable carbon isotope and source-specific biomarker evidence that reveals three main seafloor leakage episodes that occurred prior to and across the mid-Pleistocene transition. By combining borehole data with hydrate stability modelling, we propose that tectonic stress changes associated with large ice volume early build-up and wastage during the mid-Pleistocene controlled episodic methane leakages from subsurface reservoirs. Our data indicate methane release, showing a potential scenario for vast Arctic areas storing methane that are now affected by ongoing ice volume decrease.
Similarities and differences in Alzheimer’s dementia comorbidities in racialized populations identified from electronic medical records
Authors: Woldemariam Sarah R. , Tang Alice S. , Oskotsky Tomiko T. , Yaffe Kristine , Sirota Marina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is disproportionately prevalent in racially marginalized individuals. However, due to research underrepresentation, the spectrum of AD-associated comorbidities that increase AD risk or suggest AD treatment disparities in these individuals is not completely understood. We leveraged electronic medical records (EMR) to explore AD-associated comorbidities and disease networks in racialized individuals identified as Asian, Non-Latine Black, Latine, or Non-Latine White.

Methods
We performed low-dimensional embedding, differential analysis, and disease network-based analyses of 5664 patients with AD and 11,328 demographically matched controls across two EMR systems and five medical centers, with equal representation of Asian-, Non-Latine Black-, Latine-, and Non-Latine White-identified individuals. For low-dimensional embedding and disease network comparisons, Mann-Whitney U tests or Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Dunn’s tests were used to compare categories. Fisher’s exact or chi-squared tests were used for differential analysis. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to compare results between the two EMR systems.

Results
Here we show that primarily established AD-associated comorbidities, such as essential hypertension and major depressive disorder, are generally similar across racialized populations. However, a few comorbidities, including respiratory diseases, may be significantly associated with AD in Black- and Latine- identified individuals.

Conclusions
Our study revealed similarities and differences in AD-associated comorbidities and disease networks between racialized populations. Our approach could be a starting point for hypothesis-driven studies that can further explore the relationship between these comorbidities and AD in racialized populations, potentially identifying interventions that can reduce AD health disparities.
Analysis of passive intermodulation in cascaded connectors with transmit‐receive systems
Authors: Jin Qiuyan , Feng Quanyuan , Wang Ziren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPassive intermodulation (PIM) is usually expressed by the third‐order intermodulation power excited by two‐tone signal, which has limitations in characterising nonlinear distortion of signal in actual communication system. The effect of PIM on modulated signals are analysed at both the transmit and receive port with multiple passive nonlinear sources. Four types of coaxial connectors are adopted to represent four different levels of PIM. The equivalent circuits of PIM sources in series or parallel are proposed. With the circuit simulations and theoretical modelling, the effect of PIM on the analog and the digital modulation signals are analysed respectively. Two indexes of adjacent channel leakage ratio and error vector magnitude are modelled, showing the PIM effect at transmit port. A system model of a transmit‐receiver is provided, investigating the effect of PIM on the symbol error rate in a receiver. The effects of PIM distortion on different modulated signals are observed both in experimental measurements and simulation tests, verifying the theoretical models.
Robust scheduling of power system considering social costs and environmental concerns
Authors: Arab Bafrani Alireza , Rezazade Alireza , Sedighizadeh Mostafa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOne of the most significant problems of the modern electricity markets is to deal with renewable energy resources (RERs) scheduling. The RER generations face severe stochastic behaviour, such that short‐term scheduling of them is also complicated. To overcome this drawback, using hydro pumped storage units (HPSUs) as a fast response and eco‐friendly technology can help to smooth fluctuations of these types of generations and consequently to appropriately dispatch all generations in the energy and reserve market. This article suggests a stochastic optimisation model to optimally operate thermal power plants as well as HPSUs in the day ahead energy and reserve market. Optimisation aims to minimise operation costs, emissions, and social costs subject to several technical constraints. There is an intrinsic deviation between predicted and actual uncertainty variables in the power system. This article presents a stochastic optimal operation model based on robust optimisation. To improve the flexibility of the proposed market, the curtailed demand as a demand response programme (DRP) is taken into consideration. The CPLEX solver of the GAMS software is used to solve the proposed model which has been formulated as a robust mixed integer linear problem (RMILP). The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated by applying the offered model to the 9‐bus test power system.
Research and design of bridge distributed monitoring system based on LoRa technology
Authors: Hou Zhiwei , Bao Liqun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBridges are a kind of infrastructure constructed to save urban space, to relieve traffic congestion, and to show urban modernisation. Therefore, bridge safety has become the focus of social attention. To know the structural condition of the bridge in real‐time, it is necessary to develop an intelligent and efficient bridge health monitoring system. However, the traditional bridge health monitoring system has poor real‐time performance, low efficiency, and a low degree of automation. The development of LoRa technology is expected to improve this situation. In this study, we designed a bridge‐distributed monitoring system based on LoRa technology, which has end nodes, relay nodes, a collect node, and a monitoring centre. In detail, the STM32H743XI processor is combined with the radio frequency SX1268 chip to form the above nodes. Furthermore, the end node contains the pulse vibration excitation circuit, and pick‐up signal conditioning circuit of the vibrating string crack metre, and the signal conditioning circuit of the temperature sensor AD590 and the humidity sensor HM1500LF. Finally, the data preprocessing of sensors and the communication performance of the two‐stage relay network of the LoRa module, which represent the key technologies to effectively and efficiently meet the real‐time monitoring of bridge conditions, are tested and discussed. This distributed monitoring system for the bridge can provide feasible solutions for the application field of bridge monitoring, which is helpful for the daily maintenance management and risk warning decision‐making of bridges.
Congenital Maxillomandibular Synechia with Multiple Malformations in a Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Uchi Ryosuke , Koto Mayu , Nakao Atsushi , Hosokawa Miku , Ukawa Toshiko , Tsurisawa Chisa , Hisaeda Yoshiya , Amagata Shusuke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCongenital maxillomandibular synechia is a rare malformation that is characterized by a fusion of the maxilla and mandible. The fusion is fibrous or bony and prevents mouth opening, which causes difficulties in feeding and occasionally in breathing. Although extremely rare, neonatologists must understand the disease because it can be fatal and require emergency treatment after birth. We report the case of a very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infant with congenital maxillomandibular synechia and other malformations, including cleft palate, syndactyly, and cryptorchidism. The patient presented with extremely limited mouth opening, and endotracheal intubation seemed impossible; fortunately, the patient did not have respiratory distress syndrome. The patient underwent surgical release of the fibrous bands on days 10 and 17, and good mouth opening was achieved. The patient was able to consume breast milk orally and was discharged home at a corrected gestational age of 1 month without recurrence of difficulty in mouth opening or any sequelae. This is the first reported case of a VLBW infant with congenital maxillomandibular synechia who required more complicated management of feeding, surgical intervention, and anesthesia.
Miniplate Versus Reconstruction Bar Fixation for Oncologic Mandibular Reconstruction with Free Fibula Flaps
Authors: Cohen Zack , Graziano Francis D. , Shamsunder Meghana G. , Shahzad Farooq , Boyle Jay O. , Cohen Marc A. , Matros Evan , Nelson Jonas A. , Allen Robert J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Fibula free flaps (FFF) are the gold standard tissue for the reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects. A comparison of miniplate (MP) and reconstruction bar (RB)-based fixation of FFFs has been previously described in a systematic review; however, long-term, single-center studies comparing the two plating methods are lacking. The authors aim to examine the complication profile between MPs and RBs at a single tertiary cancer center. We hypothesized that increased components and a lack of rigid fixation inherent to MPs would lead to higher rates of hardware exposure/failure.
Methods A retrospective review was performed from a prospectively maintained database at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. All patients who underwent FFF-based reconstruction of mandibular defects between 2015 and 2021 were included. Data on patient demographics, medical risk factors, operative indications, and chemoradiation were collected. The primary outcomes of interest were perioperative flap-related complications, long-term union rates, osteoradionecrosis (ORN), return to the operating room (OR), and hardware exposure/failure. Recipient site complications were further stratified into two groups: early (<90 days) and late (>90 days).
Results In total, 96 patients met the inclusion criteria (RB = 63, MP = 33). Patients in both groups were similar with respect to age, presence of comorbidities, smoking history, and operative characteristics. The mean follow-up period was 17.24 months. In total, 60.6 and 54.0% of patients in the MP and RB cohorts received adjuvant radiation, respectively. There were no differences in rates of hardware failure overall; however, in patients with an initial complication after 90 days, MPs had significantly higher rates of hardware exposure (3 vs. 0, p = 0.046).
Conclusion MPs were found to have a higher risk of exposed hardware in patients with a late initial recipient site complication. It is possible that improved fixation with highly adaptive RBs designed by computer-aided design/manufacturing technology explains these results. Future studies are needed to assess the effects of rigid mandibular fixation on patient-reported outcome measures in this unique population.
English pre-fortis clipping by L2 Saudi speakers
Authors: Algethami Ghazi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe current study is a partial replication of Flege and Port (Language Speech 24(2):125–146, 1981), which examined the production of pre-fortis clipping (i.e., vowel shortening before voiceless obstruents) by Saudi L2 English speakers. In addition, it examined whether language experience operationalized as the length of residence in an English-speaking country, had any positive effect on the production of the pre-fortis clipping by the Saudi L2 English speakers. 16 Saudi L2 English speakers were requested to produce the English vowels /æ/, /ɪ/ and /i:/ in a carrier word, once before the voiceless stop /t/ and once before the voiced stop /d/. The same vowels in the same context were also elicited from a reference group of native English speakers. Similar vowels in a similar context were also obtained in Arabic from Saudi native speakers. A durational ratio of each vowel before /t/ to the same vowel before /d/ was calculated for each speaker in the native and nonnative groups. Similar to the findings of Flege and Port (1981), both the Saudi native Arabic and L2 English speakers showed broadly less durational contrast between the vowels in the two contexts than did the native English speakers. However, the results varied across the three examined vowels. In addition, no significant correlation was found between the length of residence and the L2 speakers’ production.
The hedgehog, fox, and quasi-hedgehog approaches in Isaiah Berlin’s, David McLellan’s, and G. Stedman Jones’ Marx research
Authors: Ling Feixia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIsaiah Berlin divides thinkers into two categories—monist hedgehogs and the pluralist foxes; for him, Marx belongs to the first category. According to such distinction, the research approaches can be classified into the hedgehog approach and the fox approach, the former highlighting the unique essence of the objects and the latter striving to display various characteristics of the objects. Berlin, McLellan, and Stedman Jones are famous for their research on Marx, which relates to the composition of intellectual biography rather than to other scholarly projects and genres. Berlin’s research represents the hedgehog approach since he summarizes Marx’s thought as a monist conception of history, while McLellan’s research exemplifies the fox approach by covering multiple facets of Marx’s life and thought. Although both Berlin and McLellan begin to study Marx because of their interest in the hedgehog approach, Berlin adopts the hedgehog approach despite his opposition to it, and McLellan employs the fox approach while showing a great appreciation of the hedgehog one. Whether to hold fast to their own theoretical position or not is the crucial reason for which they study Marx and even intellectual history using different approaches. Accordingly, Stedman Jones’ Marx research embodies the quasi-hedgehog approach as it sees more facets of Marx than the hedgehog approach but is less comprehensive than the fox approach. In fact, the hedgehog (quasi-hedgehog) approach and the fox approach have their advantages and disadvantages, and the purpose of reflection is to clarify the scope of application for each.
Preliminary Efficacy of a Theory-Informed Intervention to Increase COVID-19 Testing Uptake Among People Who Inject Drugs in San Diego County: Findings From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bazzi Angela R , Abramovitz Daniela , Harvey-Vera Alicia , Stamos-Buesig Tara , Vera Carlos F , Artamonova Irina , Logan Jenna , Patterson Thomas L , Strathdee Steffanie A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
People who inject drugs (PWID) have low rates of COVID-19 testing yet are vulnerable to severe disease. In partnership with a mobile syringe service program (SSP) in San Diego County, CA, we developed the evidence-, community-, and Social Cognitive Theory-informed “LinkUP” intervention (tailored education, motivational interviewing, problem-solving, and planning) to increase COVID-19 testing uptake among PWID.

Purpose
To assess preliminary efficacy of LinkUP in increasing PWID COVID-19 testing in a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods
We referred participants (PWID, ≥18 years old, San Diego County residents who had not recently undergone voluntary COVID-19 testing) to mobile SSP sites that had been randomized (by week) to offer the active LinkUP intervention or didactic attention-control conditions delivered by trained peer counselors. Following either condition, counselors offered on-site rapid COVID-19 antigen testing. Analyses estimated preliminary intervention efficacy and explored potential moderation.

Results
Among 150 participants, median age was 40.5 years, 33.3% identified as Hispanic/Latinx, 64.7% were male, 73.3% were experiencing homelessness, and 44.7% had prior mandatory COVID-19 testing. The LinkUP intervention was significantly associated with higher COVID-19 testing uptake (p &lt; .0001). Homelessness moderated intervention effects; LinkUP increased COVID-19 testing uptake more among participants experiencing homelessness (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.56–2.09; p &lt; .0001) than those not experiencing homelessness (aRR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01–1.43; p = .04).

Conclusions
Findings from this pilot RCT support the preliminary efficacy of the “LinkUP” intervention to increase COVID-19 testing among PWID and underscore the importance of academic-community partnerships and prevention service delivery through SSPs and other community-based organizations serving vulnerable populations.
The Brick-Built Sea: Adapting the Odyssey in LEGO
Authors: Muchnick Justin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the summer of 2014, a group of Adult Fans of LEGO (AFOLs) designed and constructed a massive LEGO model of Homer’s Odyssey—a model worth analysing as an artistic adaptation of a canonical work of classical literature. Drawing on recent scholarship in the field of LEGO studies, this article examines this model in the context of LEGO as an artistic medium. It then considers the ways in which this model engages with modern conceptions of the idea of ‘epic’, while also using Mikhail Bakhtin’s distinction between epic and novel to explore some of the model’s more novelistic qualities. Finally, this article seeks to position the model within—and in opposition to—a wider landscape of LEGO-centric classical engagement.