bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The growth of capillary networks by branching for maximum fluid access
Authors: Zhang Xuewei , Lorente Sylvie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHere we document the deterministic evolution of capillary networks that morph by connecting more and more branches to water sources. The network grows with the objective of extracting in steady state higher and higher liquid flow rates. Growth happens through the generation of tree-shaped structures and the geometrical configuration of the dendritic network evolves as the number of connected sources increases. We present a novel methodology to generate capillary architectures and show how the evolution of the network leads to pump higher volumetric flow rates by capillary suction. The results suggest that networks generated within a plane lead to higher flow rates than networks generated within a three-dimensional domain, for the same volume of fluid.
Real-world experience of adverse reactions-necessitated rifampicin-sparing treatment for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Kim Hyung-Jun , Lee Ye Jin , Song Myung Jin , Kwon Byoung Soo , Kim Yeon Wook , Lim Sung Yoon , Lee Yeon-Joo , Park Jong Sun , Cho Young-Jae , Lee Choon-Taek , Lee Jae Ho 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRifampicin is an important agent for tuberculosis treatment; however, it is often discontinued because of adverse reactions. The treatment regimen then can be administered as that for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, which can be toxic. We retrospectively reviewed 114 patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis who discontinued rifampicin due to adverse reactions during an 18 year period at a tertiary referral center, of which 92 (80.7%) exhibited favorable response. Hepatotoxicity was the leading cause of intolerance. Patients with a favorable response were younger and less likely to have comorbidities. The majority of patients were administered four medications during the intensive phase and three to four during the consolidative phase. For those with a favorable response, the median duration of treatment was 10.2 months and the most common intensive regimen was a combination of isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and fluoroquinolone (25%). The most common consolidation regimen was a combination of isoniazid, ethambutol, and fluoroquinolone (22.8%). Among the patients with a favorable response, two (2.2%) experienced recurrence after a follow-up of 3.4 (interquartile range 1.8–6.8) years. For patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis who do not tolerate rifampicin owing to its toxicity, a shorter regimen may be a useful alternative.
The influence of sac centreline on saccular aneurysm rupture: computational study
Authors: Jiang Hao , Lu Zhiwei , Gerdroodbary M. Barzegar , Sabernaeemi Amir , Salavatidezfouli Sajad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe geometric characteristics of a saccular aneurysm play a crucial role in its rupturing. This article thoroughly investigates the impact of the sac centerline on aneurysm rupture, with a focus on identifying significant factors related to rupture at different time intervals. The study employs comprehensive computational simulations of six models of the ICA with varying coiling porosities and blood HCTs, using CFD analysis to examine WSS, OSI, pressure, and velocity within the saccular aneurysm for different sac centerlines. The results indicate that higher blood HCT levels lead to increased WSS and pressure values on the aneurysm wall, while OSI and mean velocity decrease. The study also reveals that coiling techniques can significantly reduce the risk of rupture, as decreasing coil porosity (increasing coil permeability) increases OSI and pressure while decreasing WSS and blood velocity within the aneurysm sac.
A Lyapunov spectrum based hybrid static and dynamic approach for contingency ranking
Authors: Aghtar Mahdi , Cheraghzadeh Mohammadreza , Doroudi Aref , Nasrabadi Ali Motie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe goal of contingency ranking is to provide a list of possible critical situations and rank them according to the severity of their impact on a power network. The methods of contingency ranking may be divided into two major categories: static and dynamic techniques. Static approaches are fast and can be implemented in real‐time, but they present different results depending on the parameter which has been selected for contingency ranking. Dynamic methodologies are more accurate than static ones, but they are time‐consuming. This paper presents a novel combined static and dynamic method for contingency ranking which takes advantage of both techniques and shows the performance evaluation for the hybrid method using accuracy and efficiency as criteria. The proposed method uses three well‐known static indices and the Lyapunov spectrum based dynamic approach to select the worst critical lines. IEEE 39‐bus (New England grid) and IEEE 118‐bus networks are utilized to verify the proposed method. The method provides speed and accuracy. One of the prominent features of the proposed approach is its ability to rank contingencies that lead to network load flow divergence.
Hygrothermal ageing performance of high temperature vulcanised silicone rubber and its degradation mechanism
Authors: Deng Yu , Peng Bo , Liu Zheyuan , Du Yujun , Zhou Songsong , Liu Jinghua , Yu Xinzhe , Zhou Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh temperature vulcanised silicone rubber (SR) has excellent hydrophobicity and thus is widely applied both in indoor and outdoor insulation. According to the analysis of different experimental ageing tests and field investigation of SR, temperature and humidity are considered to be the fundamental factors during degradation. Hygrothermal ageing was proposed in this study to simulate the chalking state of the SR, finally leading to the irreversible degradation far below the thermal decomposition temperature. The variation of morphology, hardness and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) content was quantified during the yearlong hygrothermal ageing test. It is implied that the gradual process of whitening and hardening are accompanied by the decline of the PDMS content. Finally, ageing delamination in SR and its degradation mechanism were proposed.
FCUnet: Refined remote sensing image segmentation method based on a fuzzy deep learning conditional random field network
Authors: Ma Xiangyue , Xu Jindong , Chong Qiangpeng , Ou Shifeng , Xing Haihua , Ni Mengying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractImage segmentation is pivotal for the understanding of high‐resolution remote sensing images (HRRS). However, because of the inherent uncertainties in remote sensing images and the highly complex resolution of HRRS, ambiguity often occurs among some geographic entities in the segmentation process, and the fine segmentation of HRRS is not considered sufficiently for most existing segmentation methods. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose a new collaborative neural network structure called fuzzy deep learning conditional random field network (FCUnet) to solve the refined segmentation of HRRS. First, the authors design a fuzzy U‐Net classification network to obtain effective feature information, which introduces the fuzzy logic unit into the network to process the ambiguity and uncertainty of HRRS. Then, the authors introduce the conditional random field (CRF) at the end of FCUnet to optimize the image segmentation results. Finally, the authors validated the effectiveness and superiority of their approach on three data sets. The experiment results revealed that FCUnet had better refined segmentation performance and generalization ability than state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Neural surface reconstruction with saliency‐guided sampling in multi‐view
Authors: Li Xiuxiu , Guo Yongchen , Jin Haiyan , Zheng Jiangbin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, a neural surface reconstruction framework is presented. In order to perform neural surface reconstruction using 2D supervision, a weighted random sampling based on saliency is introduced for training the deep neural network. In the proposed method, self‐attention is used to detect the saliency of input 2D images. The saliency map, that is, the weight matrix of the weighted random sampling, is used to sample the training samples. As a result, more samples in the reconstructed object area are collected. Moreover, an update strategy for weight based on sampling frequency is adopted to avoid the points that cannot be sampled all the time. The experiments are implemented in real‐world 2D images of objects with different material properties and lighting conditions based on the DTU dataset. The results show that the proposed method produces more detailed 3D surfaces, and the rendered results are closer to the raw images visually. In addition, the mean of peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PNSR) is also improved.
Adaptation of an asexual population with environmental changes
Authors: Lavigne Florian 
Published: July 2023

Because of mutations and selection, pathogens can manage to resist to drugs. However, the evolution of an asexual population (e.g., viruses, bacteria and cancer cells) depends on some external factors (e.g., antibiotic concentrations), and so understanding the impact of the environmental changes is an important issue.
This paper is devoted to model this problem with a nonlocal diffusion PDE, describing the dynamics of such a phenotypically structured population, in a changing environment. The large-time behaviour of this model, with particular forms of environmental changes (linear or periodically fluctuations), has been previously developed. A new mathematical approach (limited to isotropic mutations) has been developed recently for this problem, considering a very general form of environmental variations, and giving an analytic description of the full trajectories of adaptation.
However, recent studies have shown that an anisotropic mutation kernel can change the evolutionary dynamics of the population: some evolutive plateaus can appear. Thus the aim of this paper is to mix the two previous studies, with an anisotropic mutation kernel, and a changing environment. The main idea is to study a multivariate distribution of (2n) “fitness components”. Its generating function solves a transport equation, and describes the distribution of fitness at any time.
Velopalatinales Coupling in der medikamentös induzierten Schlafendoskopie: Analyse der Kollapsmuster
Authors: Hänsel Toni , Olze Heidi , Arens Philipp 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die medikamentös induzierte Schlafendoskopie (MISE) ist ein etabliertes diagnostisches Verfahren zur Beurteilung des oberen Atemwegs bei Patienten mit obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSA). Ein anatomisch-physiologischer Mechanismus zur Öffnung der oberen Atemwege ist das velopalatinale Coupling (VC). In der MISE wird die Atemwegsöffnung u.a. durch Unterkiefervorschub mittels modifizierten Esmarch-Handgriffs (mEH) simuliert.
Material und Methoden Es wurden retrospektiv alle nach VOTE-Schema befundeten MISE der letzten 15 Monate eingeschlossen. Häufigkeit und Art des Kollapses auf den anatomischen Ebenen wurden erfasst. Apnoe-Hypopnoe-Index (AHI), Body-Mass-Index (BMI) und Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) wurden ermittelt. Der Effekt des mEH auf die anatomischen Ebenen wurde ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Es konnten 61 Patienten eingeschlossen werden (f=13, m=48, 54,3±12,9 J, ESS 11±5,5, AHI 30,2±19/h, BMI 29,7±4,5kg/m2). Zwischen AHI und BMI konnte eine signifikante Korrelation von r=0,30 (p=0,02) ermittelt werden. Auf Velumebene wurde bei 16,4% ein konzentrischer, bei 70,5% ein anterior-posteriorer (a.p.) und bei 11,5% ein lateraler Kollaps festgestellt. Bei 75,5% der Patienten wurde mittels mEH eine Auflösung des Kollapses beobachtet. Bei Vorliegen eines konzentrischen Kollapses zeigte sich eine Öffnung in 33,3% der Fälle im Vergleich zu 86,5% bei a.p. Kollaps (p=0,003). Ein Zungengrundkollaps wurde in 98,0% der Fälle aufgelöst.
Schlussfolgerungen Es konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Erfolg des mEH auf die Atemwegsöffnung auf Velumebene und dem Muster des Gaumenkollapses gezeigt werden. Insbesondere bei Hypoglossusstimulation und progenierenden Therapieverfahren scheint ein funktionierendes VC relevant zu sein, sodass der Optimierung der präoperativen Diagnostik eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt.
Revisiting the World’s Strictest COVID-19 Lockdown:
Formidable Mental Health Challenges
Authors: Guan Beier , Li Ruihua , Huang Chuanning , Du Jiang , Zhao Min , Liu Shuyan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction Many nations have implemented lockdowns to prevent and
minimize the spread of infections in healthcare settings. However, the impact of
lockdown duration on mental health remains controversial.
Methods We conducted a retrospective study using online questionnaires to
assess the mental health status of the general population during the Shanghai
lockdown period from March to May 2022. The mental health of the participants
was evaluated by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), in which a
cut-off score of 12 or more indicated psychological distress. A logistic
regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between lockdown duration
and mental health.
Results Among 2139 participants (mean age: 26.12 years, standard
deviation: 6.37, 731 females; 1378 unmarried; 1099 Shanghai residents),
approximately 47% reported psychological distress (GHQ-12≥12).
Participants exposed to lockdown reported significantly higher GHQ-12 scores
(11.93±6.81 vs. 8.73±6.35, p<0.001). In our
logistic regression model, participants who experienced the longest lockdown
(43–61 days) had a significantly higher risk of psychological distress
compared with those who did not (odds ratio: 3.10, 95% confidence
interval: 2.06–4.70, p<0.001).
Discussion Lockdown duration significantly affects mental health, with
longer lockdown duration being associated with worse mental health status. The
relationship between lockdown and mental health should not be neglected in case
of lockdown in response to future pandemics.
The Report of Community-Based and Government-Endorsed Screening Program of Atrial Fibrillation in Taiwan
Authors: Chao Tze-Fan , Yeh Yung-Hsin , Chan Yi-Hsin , Lin Fang-Ju , Chen Tien-Hsing , Pan Kuo-Li , Lin Jiunn-Cherng , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Chen Shih-Ann 
Published: July 2023

Background Although international guidelines recommended opportunistic screening for atrial fibrillation (AF), the community-based AF screening program incorporated into the government-endorsed health care system is rarely reported in Asian countries.
Objectives We aimed to test the feasibility of adding AF screening into the preexistent adult health check program and report the AF detection rate and percentages of OAC prescriptions before and after AF screening with the involvement of public health care systems.
Methods We performed this program in three counties (Chiayi county, Keelung City, and Yilan county) in Taiwan which have their own official preexistent adult health check programs conducted by public health bureaus for years. However, electrocardiography (ECG) was not included in these programs before. We cooperated with the public health bureaus of the three counties and performed single-lead 30-second ECG recording for every participant.
Results From January to December 2020, AF screening was performed in 199 sessions with 23,572 participants. AF was detected in 278 subjects with a detection rate of 1.19% (age ≥65 years: 2.39%; ≥75 years: 3.73%). The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score of these 278 subjects was 2.36, with 91% of them had a score ≥1 (males) or ≥2 (females). The number needed to screen was 42 and 27 for subjects aged ≥65 and ≥75 years, respectively. The prescription rate of OACs significantly increased from 11.4 to 60.6% in Chiayi county and from 15.8 to 50.0% in Keelung City after screening (both p-values <0.001).
Conclusion This community-based and government-endorsed AF screening project in Taiwan demonstrated that incorporation of AF screening into the preexistent adult health check programs through co-operations with the government was feasible. Actions to detect AF, good education, and well-organized transferring plan after AF being detected with the involvement of public health care systems could result in a substantial increase in the prescription rate of OACs.
A confocal laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic with an annular laser beam
Authors: Romadanov I. , Raitses Y. 
Published: July 2023

In this work, we report an annular beam confocal laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) configuration, which allows for high spatial resolution measurements of plasma properties in plasma setups and sources with limited optical access. The proposed LIF configuration utilizes the annular laser beam generated by a pair of diffractive axicons. The LIF signal is collected along the main optical axis within the ring region. It is shown experimentally that at a focal distance of 300 mm, a spatial resolution of ∼5.3 mm can be achieved. Using geometric optics estimations, we showed that ∼1 mm resolution at the same focal distance could potentially be achieved by modifying laser beam parameters. This approaches the localization accuracy of conventional LIF collection methods (with crossing laser beam injection and fluorescence collection optical paths). Measurements of the ion velocity distribution function in an argon plasma using both the confocal LIF with an annular laser beam and conventional LIF demonstrate a satisfactory agreement. The proposed LIF setup has potential applications for diagnostics in various plasma processing equipment and plasma sources, such as hollow cathodes, microplasmas, electric propulsion, etc.
Investigation of the relationship between mirror proton radii and neutron-skin thickness*
Authors: Ding Meng-Qi , Su Ping , Fang De-Qing , Wang Si-Min 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Through systematic investigations using the axially deformed solutions of the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equations with 132 sets of Skyrme interaction parameters, it is confirmed that the neutron-skin thickness (

) of a neutron-rich nucleus is proportional to the difference between the proton radii of mirror nuclei (

). This indicates that

may be deduced from

. Compared with the results of the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model, pairing effects are found to enhance the correlation for most mirror pairs, whereas deformation effects may weaken the correlation. Furthermore, the correlation between

and

is studied for isotones with

and

, which reveals a stronger linear correlation with increasing

. This result demonstrates that it is possible to extract the neutron-skin thickness of an unstable nucleus from the proton radii difference of the mirror nuclei of its isotones.
Predicting particle deposition using a simplified 8-path in silico human lung prototype
Authors: Barrio-Perotti R , Martín-Fernández N , Vigil-Díaz C , Walters K , Fernández-Tena A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Understanding particle deposition in the human lung is crucial for the assessment of environmental pollutants and the design of new drug delivery systems. Traditionally, research has been carried out by experimental analysis, but this generally requires expensive equipment and exposure of volunteers to radiation, resulting in limited data. To overcome these drawbacks, there is an emphasis on the development of numerical models capable of accurate predictive analysis. The most advanced of these computer simulations are based on three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics. Solving the flow equations in a complete, fully resolved lung airway model is currently not feasible due to the computational resources required. In the present work, a simplified lung model is presented and validated for accurate prediction of particle deposition. Simulations are performed for an 8-path approximation to a full lung airway model. A novel boundary condition method is used to ensure accurate results in truncated flow branches. Simulations are performed at a steady inhalation flow rate of 18 l min−1, corresponding to a low activity breathing rate, while the effects of particle size and density are investigated. Comparison of the simulation results with available experimental data shows that reasonably accurate results can be obtained at a small fraction of the cost of a full airway model. The simulations clearly evaluate the effect of both particle size and particle density. Most importantly, the results show an improvement over a previously documented single-path model, both in terms of accuracy and the ability to obtain regional deposition rates. The present model represents an improvement over previously used simplified models, including single-path models. The multi-path reduced airway approach described can be used by researchers for general and patient-specific analyses of particle deposition and for the design of effective drug delivery systems.
Highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) synthesized from Pennisetum purpureum for selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+ ions
Authors: Sari Fathah Dian , Chotimah  , Roto  , Kartini Indriana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The synthesis of nitrogen-doped Graphene Quantum Dots (N-GQDs) employing Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) as the carbon precursor and ethylenediamine (EDA) as the nitrogen source was conducted. This study highlights the potential applications of nitrogen-doped multi-fluorescent graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) in the detection of Fe3+. The synthesized N-GQDs have been studied using UV–vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrometry, Raman spectrometry, FT-IR spectrometry, x-ray spectroscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, transmission and high-transmission electron microscopy. The acquired N-GQDs were observed to have an almost hexagonal shape with a lateral size of 2.42 nm and exhibited a comparable quantum yield of approximately 26%. The N-GQDs that have been prepared with consistent size distribution and a significant amount of nitrogen and oxygen-based functional groups showcase outstanding water dispersity. The N-GQDs exhibited the capability to identify the Fe3+ ions in a broad range concentration of 1–600 μM by creating an N-GQDs-Fe3+ complex through the occurrence of functional groups like nitrogen, carbonyl, and carboxyl on N-GQDs surface, has a lower limit of detection at approximately 60 nM. Our study provides evidence that the N-GQDs produced a strong and persistent fluorescence, which is highly soluble in water, notably the precise and selective detection of Fe3+ in water-based solutions.