bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribological and Physicochemical Behavior of a Novel Palm Grease Blended with Zinc Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-Additives
Authors: Nassef Mohamed G. , Hassan Hassan S. , Nassef Belal G. , Nassef Galal A. , Elkady Marwa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Palm oil possesses promising properties which promote them to be a competitive alternative to mineral oils in the lubrication of machinery. Still, marginal oxidation stability, viscosity, and tribological properties remain critical issues for performance improvement. This paper synthesized palm grease with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-additives at different blending ratios. Grease samples were tested for the physicochemical and tribological characteristics. The results showed that the highest viscosity values are found in case of base oil mixed with 0.1 wt.% ZnO and 2 wt.% rGO, separately. ZnO additives enhanced the oxidation stability by 60% and shifted the pour point from 9 oC to 6 oC. Adding ZnO and rGO to the palm grease increased the load-carrying capacity between 30% and 60%, respectively, and reduced the friction coefficient by up to 60%. The wear scar morphology proved a high competency of the developed palm grease aggregates in comparison with lithium grease.
Study Protocol: The Impact of Growth Charts and Nutritional Supplements on Child Growth in Zambia (ZamCharts): A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fink Günther , Lauer Jacqueline M. , Locks Lindsey , Chembe Mpela , Henderson Savanna , Kumwenda Chiza , Sikazwe Dorothy , Bague Irene Falgas , Bilima-Mulenga Tamara , Parkerson Doug , Rockers Peter , Leppänen Jukka , Pyykkö Juha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground:Almost a quarter of children under the age of five in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) currently experience growth faltering. Early childhood stunting (height/length-for-age z-score < -2) is associated with a range of adverse later life outcomes including reduced cognitive development, poor school achievement and increased probability of living in poverty as adults. Few effective interventions are currently available to address stunting in LMICs.Methods: We will conduct a 2x2 cluster-randomized factorial trial with ~2300 caregiver-child dyads residing in 280 communities (clusters) located in Luapula, Lusaka, and Southern Provinces of Zambia. Clusters will be randomized into four groups each comprising 70 clusters with ~560 caregiver-child dyads: i) a control group ii) a growth charts only group; iii) a small quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) only group; and iv) a growth charts + SQ-LNS group. Families in the growth charts groups (ii and iv) will receive a locally developed poster installed in their home that allows them to compare the height of their children to the World Health Organization’s international growth reference tables. The poster will also include health and nutrition messages for infants and young children in alignment with Ministry of Health recommended practices. Families in the SQ-LNS groups (iii and iv) will be given monthly rations (30 sachets) of SQ-LNS over a period of 18 months. Pediatric anthropometry and a caregiver survey will be conducted at baseline and endline. The primary study outcome is height-for-age z-score and stunting (HAZ < -2) after 18-months of intervention, when children will be between 24 and 36 months of age. Secondary outcomes will be anemia, weight-for-height, weight-for-age and child development. In a subsample we will also assess micronutrient status (Retinol-binding protein (RBP) for Vitamin A deficiency, ferritin for iron deficiency, and hemoglobin for anemia), inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)), biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction, the composition of the bacterial community in the gut microbiome and saccadic reaction time (SRT), an eye-tracking measure of neural function.Discussion:This study was designed to assess the impact of growth charts as well as the extent to which early childhood growth faltering can be mitigated through SQ-LNS supplementation in three purposely selected highly diverse areas of Zambia.Trial registration:This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0512042. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05120427
Comparing the efficacy of five first-line treatment regimens for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jiang Shan , Xu Ximing , Xu Yangtao , Liu Xin , Chen Wenliang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: To find ideal treatment regimens in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u-HCC) are clinically important. This study evaluated the efficacy of five first-line regimens in u-HCC patients at 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, and 30-month overall survival (OS) to provide reference for rational clinical treatment.
Methods: We performed a systematic search using five databases. Screening and including qualified randomized controlled trials (RCT) regarding to the first-line regimens for unresectable HCC. Odds ratios (OR) were generated for dichotomous variants by network meta-analysis. The primary endpoint was OS, and the secondary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The software implemented was STATA 17.0 MP.
Results: Eventually, a total of six RCTs with five first-line regimens were included. HAIC-FO (OR=9.78, 95%CI: 4.21 to 22.69) was significantly superior to sorafenib on OS at 18th month. Concurrently, HAIC-FO (SUCRA=100%) had the highest ranking compared with the rest regimens. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (OR=5.13, 95%CI: 2.28 to 11.54) showed significantly better efficacy compared with sorafenib on PFS at 12th month. Synchronously, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (SUCRA=87.3%) had the highest ranking.
Conclusion: For patients with u-HCC, The optimal regimen we recommend is treating with HAIC-FO until 18th month, followed by sequential therapy with donafenib. Furthermore, we need more head-to-head trials to confirm these findings.
The big five personality traits of medical students who choose community medicine career
Authors: Kanazawa Hirofumi , Yoshizawa Tomonari , Shimizu Ikuo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Personality traits may play a role in the likelihood of success in training and careers. If the characteristics of community medicine-oriented personalities can be identified, mismatches in the Regional Quota Program (RQP) on admission to medical school can be reduced.Methods This study analyzed the personality tendencies of community medicine-oriented students. All medical students (n = 750 of a medical school in Japan, who were selected into the RQP, RQP Without Loan [RQPWL], or standard program) were asked to complete the validated psychometric questionnaire to investigate the five major personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between personality traits and willingness to engage in community healthcare. We also assessed the association between personality traits and admissions programs.Results In total, 601 students completed the questionnaire. The RQPWL was associated with year (odds ratio [OR] 0.77), gender (OR 2.94), and extraversion (OR 0.91). The RQP was associated with gender (OR 1.76), extraversion (OR 0.91), and conscientiousness (OR 1.05). There were differences in the willingness to engage in community healthcare with respect to gender (OR 1.35), admission programs (OR 15.19 for the RQPWL, OR 31.85 for the RQP), extraversion (OR 0.90), openness to experience (OR 1.06), and agreeableness (OR 1.08).Conclusion Female students tended to be willing to engage in community medicine, and gender diversity can improve medical staff recruitment in rural areas. Fundamental differences were observed between the RQP and community medicine-oriented groups, demonstrating that the RQP may not adequately select students who want to engage in community medicine. A solution can be found by adjusting admissions to accept applicants with lower extraversion scores and enhancing openness to experience and agreeableness by providing cooperative learning education in medical schools.
Perspectives of U.S. harm reduction advocates on persuasive message strategies
Authors: White Sarah A , Lee Rachel , Kennedy-Hendricks Alene , Sherman Susan G , McGinty Emma E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background. The messages used to communicate about harm reduction are critical in garnering public support for adoption of harm reduction interventions. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of harm reduction interventions at reducing overdose deaths and disease transmission, the United States has been slow to adopt harm reduction to scale. Implementation of evidence-based interventions has been hindered by a historical framing of drug use as a moral failure and related stigmatizing attitudes among the public towards people who use drugs. Understanding how professional harm reduction advocates communicate to audiences about the benefits of harm reduction is a critical step to designing persuasive messaging strategies.Methods. We conducted qualitative interviews with a purposively recruited sample of U.S. professional harm reduction advocates (N = 15) to examine their perspectives on which types of messages are effective in persuading U.S. audiences on the value of harm reduction. Participants were professionals working in harm reduction advocacy at national- or state-level organizations promoting and/or implementing harm reduction. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a hybrid inductive/deductive approach.Results. Interviewees agreed that messages about the scientific evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of harm reduction approaches are important but insufficient, on their own, to persuade audiences. Interviewees identified two overarching messaging strategies they perceived as persuasive: using messages about harm reduction that align with audience-specific values, for example centering the value of life or individual redemption; and positioning harm reduction as part of the comprehensive solution to current issues audiences are facing related to drug use and overdose in their community. Interviewees discussed tailoring messages strategies to four key audiences: policymakers; law enforcement; religious groups; and the family and friends of people who use, or have used, drugs. For example, advocates discussed framing messages to law enforcement from the perspective of public safety.Conclusions. Interviewees viewed messages as most persuasive when they align with audience values and audience-specific concerns related to drug use and overdose death. Future research should test effectiveness of tailored messaging strategies to audiences using experimental approaches.
Tropopause folds over the Tibetan Plateau and their impact on water vapor in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere
Authors: Zhang Yongpeng , Huang Qian , Guo Kun , Wang Mengyuan , Liao Huiren , Chou Yan , He Xin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As one of the most important greenhouse gases, water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) has a significant impact on the global earth-atmosphere system. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important high terrain which exerts a profound impact on the change of weather and climate, and mass exchange. Tropopause folds occur frequently over the TP due to the impact of the subtropical westerly jet, which affects water vapor transport between the stratosphere and the troposphere. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of tropopause folds over the TP are examined by applying an improved three-dimensional (3D) labeling algorithm to the ERA5 reanalysis data (1979 to 2019). The effects of different fold depths in various regions over the TP on the variations of UTLS water vapor are further studied. The results of a case study (25 February 2008) suggest that there is a good continuity in identification of the fold depth for the same fold event using the improved 3D labeling algorithm. The fold depth and height are consistent with the results of radiosonde data and ERA5 reanalysis data. The fold frequency over the TP shows an increasing trend in the last 41 years, with slightly lower frequency of medium folds than that of shallow folds, and lowest frequency of deep folds. There is increasing water vapor in the UTLS over the TP due to tropopause folds. The results indicate that tropopause folds enhance the horizontal divergence of water vapor in the UTLS and increase the vertical water vapor flux in the UTLS region. The folding over the plateau leads to increased moisture in the UTLS. It is argued that vertical velocity anomalies in the vicinity of the fold and subgrid perturbations have a significant impact on the increase of UTLS water vapor over the TP. The results of this work provide a scientific basis for a better understanding of the stratosphere-troposphere exchanges due to tropopause folds over the TP.
Four families with X-linked intellectual disability affected males: Novel deleterious variants and clinical features with the review of literature
Authors: Mir Atefeh , Song Yongjun , Lee Hane , Khanahmad Hossein , Khorram Erfan , Nasiri Jafar , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad-Amin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Intellectual disability (ID) is a heterogeneous condition affecting brain development, function, and/or structure. The X-linked mode of inheritance of ID (X-linked intellectual disability; XLID) has a prevalence of 1.7 out of 1000 in males. Exome sequencing technology has revolutionized the process of disease-causing gene discovery in XLID. Nevertheless, so many of them still remain with unknown etiology. This study investigated four families with severe XLID to identify deleterious variants for possible diagnostics and prevention aims.Methods Nine male patients, their siblings, and the parents of four pedigrees were included in this study. The patients were studied genetically for Fragile X syndrome, followed by whole exome sequencing and analysis of intellectual disability-related genes variants. Sanger sequencing, co-segregation analysis, structural modeling, and in silico analysis were done to verify the causative variants. In addition, we collected data from previous studies to compare and situate our work in relation to existing knowledge.Results We found three novel deleterious variants in three different genes, including ZDHHC9 (p. Leu189Pro), ATP2B3 (p. Asp847Glu), and GLRA2 (p. Arg350Cys) with new clinical features and a reported pathogenic variant in the L1CAM (p. Glu309Lys) gene related to new clinical findings.Conclusion The current study's findings expand the existing knowledge of variants of the genes implicated in XLID and extend the spectrum of phenotypes associated with the related conditions. The data has implications for genetic diagnosis and counseling.
A Dynamic Disadvantage? Social Perceptions of Dynamic Morphed Emotions Differ from Videos and Photos
Authors: Becker Casey , Conduit Russell , Chouinard Philippe A , Laycock Robin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Dynamic face stimuli are increasingly used in face perception research, as increasing evidence shows they are perceived differently from static photographs. One popular method for creating dynamic faces is the dynamic morph, which can animate the transition between expressions by blending photographs together. Although morphs offer increased experimental control, their unnatural motion differs from the biological facial motion captured in video recordings. This study aimed to compare ratings of emotion intensity and genuineness in video recordings, dynamic morphs, and static photographs of happy, sad, fearful, and angry expressions. We found that video recordings were perceived to have greater emotional intensity than dynamic morphs, and video recordings of happy expressions were perceived as more genuine compared to happy dynamic morphs. Unexpectedly, static photographs and video recordings had similar ratings for genuineness and intensity. Overall, these results suggest that dynamic morphs may not be an appropriate substitute for video recordings, as they may elicit misleading dynamic effects.
Cytotoxic Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol – Magnetite Composite
Authors: Ramos Karla Baca , Armendariz Imelda Olivas , González Christian Chapa , Álvarez Vera A. , García-Casillas Perla E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Magnetite-PVA (MPVA) hydrogel has the ability to absorb and release water, making it a promising candidate for drug delivery applications. One important consideration for these systems is cytotoxicity, or the potential harm to cells. In this study, the cytotoxicity of MPVA hydrogel was evaluated in relation to the magnetite content, using 3T3 fibroblast cells. The results showed that MPVA hydrogel with magnetite nanoparticles was compatible with the cells and did not cause cell death. The presence of magnetite nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix of PVA did not significantly affect the cytotoxicity of the hydrogel, as determined by the Student's t-test, which showed no significant difference in cytotoxicity with varying incubation times. However, it should be noted that the degradation products of PVA did alter the levels of natural reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the system
A New Approach For Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease Diagnosis By LncRNA Profiling Of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells -Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Liu Xuyang , Xiong Feng , Mao Rui , Tan Kunyue , Zhang Lijuan , Zhao Ruohan , Liu Chunxia , Liu Yanjun , Li Yi , Zhang Tongtong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background:
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in many physiological processes and have also been reported to play an essential role in cardiovascular diseases. However, lncRNAs have not been used as a serological marker to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) in clinics.
Methods:
We employed a lncRNA microarray to analyse lncRNA expression in monocyte small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from three CAD patients and three healthy controls. We validated the differential expression of lncRNA in both plasma and monocyte sEVs by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). We also evaluated the ability of lncRNA to diagnose CAD by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis in plasma and monocytes sEVs. Combined with lncRNA expression, a diagnostic prediction model of CAD was constructed using the Random Forest and nomogram analysis.
Result:
The results showed 89 upregulated lncRNAs and 211 downregulated lncRNAs in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease relative to the control group. SNAR-E upregulation and RPL34-AS1 downregulation were the most evident findings. SNAR-E expression was associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RP34L-AS1 expression was associated with age combined with DM, TC, HDL-C, and lipoprotein (a). Moreover, whether in the plasma or sEVs, SNAR-E and RP34L-AS1 diagnosed CAD with high sensitivity and specificity. The prediction model showed arobust diagnosticc ability and stability.
Conclusion:
SNAR-E and RPL34-AS1 in sEVs or plasma have higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing CAD than conventional electrocardiogram (ECG), dynamic ECG, or the treadmill exercise tests. The diagnosis model comprising these two molecules showed considerable accuracy and stability, and may assist in the early diagnosis of CAD and support clinical guidance.
Novel insights into somatic comorbidities in children and adolescents across psychiatric diagnoses: an explorative study
Authors: Muskens Jet B. , Ester Wietske A. , Klip Helen , Dongen-Boomsma Martine van , Staal Wouter G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Many children with psychiatric disorders display somatic symptoms, although these are frequently overlooked. As somatic morbidity early in life negatively influences long-term outcomes, it is relevant to assess comorbidity. However, studies of simultaneous psychiatric and somatic assessment in children are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of somatic comorbidities in a clinical sample of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders in a naturalistic design. Data were assessed from 276 children with various psychiatric disorders (neurodevelopmental disorders, affective disorders, eating disorders and psychosis) aged 6–18 years. These data were collected as part of routine clinical assessment, including physical examination and retrospectively analyzed. For a subsample (n = 97), blood testing on vitamin D3, lipid spectrum, glucose and prolactin was available. Results of this cross-sectional study revealed that food intake problems (43%) and insomnia (66%) were common. On physical examination, 20% of the children were overweight, 12% displayed obesity and 38% had minor physical anomalies. Blood testing (n = 97) highlighted vitamin D3 deficiency (< 50 nmol/L) in 73% of the children. None of the predefined variables (gender, age, medication and socioeconomic factors) contributed significantly to the prevalence of somatic comorbidities. The main somatic comorbidities in this broad child- and adolescent psychiatric population consisted of (1) problems associated with food intake, including obesity and vitamin D3 deficiency and (2) sleeping problems, mainly insomnia. Child and adolescent psychiatrists need to be aware of potential somatic comorbidities and may promote a healthy lifestyle.
Sustainable biopolymer coupled silver nanoparticles synthesis, characterization and their efficacy in wound healing
Authors: Kurjogi Mahantesh , Masaphy Segula , Kaulgud Ram S. , Teradal Nagappa , Vanti Gulamnabi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Silver is traditionally known for its antimicrobial activity, especially in the treatment of topical wound infections. However, its application in wound infection is limited because of its toxicity to cells. Thus, it is essential to develop an effective biocompatible method to minimize the toxicity of silver and promote wound healing activity. In this study, chitosan-coupled silver nanoparticles were synthesized in a sustainable manner, and their physicochemical characterization revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were 14–30 nm nearly spherical in shape with a positive surface charge. The functional group and crystalline nature of nanoparticles were confirmed by FT-IR and XRD studies. Subsequently, nanoparticles showed potent efficiency against clinical pathogens S. aureus and E. coli. Furthermore, cytotoxicity and a wound healing assay against HEK 293 and L292 cells revealed the nontoxic nature of nanoparticles to mammalian cells and also that nanoparticles have the efficacy to heal wounds efficiently. Overall, the current study emphasizes that simple routed Ch-AgNPs could be used in the management of topical wound infections whereby these nanoparticles not only inhibit the growth of infectious pathogens but also promote the proliferation of the cells to the wound area.