bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing N,S and N,P Co‐Coordination in Fe Single‐Atom Catalyst for High‐Performance Oxygen Redox Reaction
Authors: Lu Xiaoqing , Li Jiao , Cao Shoufu , Hu Yuying , Yang Chunyu , Chen Zengxuan , Wei Shuxian , Liu Siyuan , Wang Zhaojie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) are promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), in which the coordination environment plays a crucial role in activating the intrinsic activity of the central metal. Taking the FeN4 SAC as a probe, this work investigates the effect of introducing S or P atoms into N coordination (FeSxN4−x and FePxN4−x (x=1–4)) on the electronic structure optimization of Fe center and its catalytic performance. Attributing to the optimal Fe 3d orbitals, FePN3 can effectively activate O2 and promote ORR with a low overpotential of 0.29 V, surpassing FeN4 and most reported catalysts. FeSN3 is beneficial to H2O activation and OER, proceeding with an overpotential of 0.68 V, which is superior to FeN4. Both FePN3 and FeSN3 exhibit outstanding thermodynamic and electrochemical stability with negative formation energies and positive dissolution potentials. Hence, the N,P and N,S co‐coordination might provide better catalytic environment than regular N coordination for SACs in ORR and OER. This work demonstrates FePN3/FeSN3 as high‐performance ORR/OER catalysts and highlights N,P and N,S co‐coordination regulation as an effective approach to fine tune high atomically dispersed electrocatalysts.
Seabed structures and foundations related to deep‐sea resource development: A review based on design and research
Authors: Rui Shengjie , Zhang Haojie , Xu Hang , Zha Xing , Xu Mengtao , Shen Kanmin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe deep‐sea ground contains a huge amount of energy and mineral resources, for example, oil, gas, and minerals. Various infrastructures such as floating structures, seabed structures, and foundations have been developed to exploit these resources. The seabed structures and foundations can be mainly classified into three types: subsea production structures, offshore pipelines, and anchors. This study reviewed the development, installation, and operation of these infrastructures, including their structures, design, installation, marine environment loads, and applications. On this basis, the research gaps and further research directions were explored through this literature review. First, different floating structures were briefly analyzed and reviewed to introduce the design requirements of the seabed structures and foundations. Second, the subsea production structures, including subsea manifolds and their foundations, were reviewed and discussed. Third, the basic characteristics and design methods of deep‐sea pipelines, including subsea pipelines and risers, were analyzed and reviewed. Finally, the installation and bearing capacity of deep‐sea subsea anchors and seabed trench influence on the anchor were reviewed. Through the review, it was found that marine environment conditions are the key inputs for any offshore structure design. The fabrication, installation, and operation of infrastructures should carefully consider the marine loads and geological conditions. Different structures have their own mechanical problems. The fatigue and stability of pipelines mainly depend on the soil‐structure interaction. Anchor selection should consider soil types and possible trench formation. These focuses and research gaps can provide a helpful guide on further research, installation, and operation of deep‐sea structures and foundations.
Density‐dependent changes in elk resource selection over successional time scales following forest disturbance
Authors: Ruprecht Joel , Wisdom Michael J. , Clark Darren A. , Rowland Mary M. , Levi Taal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is an increasing need to understand how animals respond to modifications of their habitat following landscape‐scale disturbances such as wildfire or timber harvest. Such disturbances can promote increased use by herbivores due to changes in plant community structure that improve forage conditions, but can also cause avoidance if other habitat functions provided by cover are substantially reduced or eliminated. Quantifying the total effects of these disturbances, however, is challenging because they may not fully be apparent unless observed at successional timescales. Further, the effects of disturbances that improve habitat quality may be density dependent, such that the benefits are (1) less valuable to high‐density populations because the per‐capita benefits are reduced when shared among more users or, alternatively, (2) more valuable to animals living in high densities because resources may be more depleted from the greater intraspecific competition. We used 30 years of telemetry data on elk occurring at two distinct population densities to quantify changes in space use at diel, monthly, and successional timescales following timber harvest. Elk selected logged areas at night only, with selection strongest during midsummer, and peak selection occurring 14 years post harvest, but persisting for 26–33 years. This pattern of increased selection at night following a reduction in overhead canopy cover is consistent with elk exploiting improved nutritional conditions for foraging. The magnitude of selection for logged areas was 73% higher for elk at low population density, consistent with predictions from the ideal free distribution. Yet elk avoided these same areas during daytime for up to 28 years post logging and instead selected untreated forest, suggesting a role for cover to meet other life history requirements. Our results demonstrate that while landscape‐scale disturbances can lead to increased selection by large herbivores and suggest that the improvement in foraging conditions can persist over short‐term successional timescales, the magnitude of the benefits may not be equal across population densities. Further, the enduring avoidance of logging treatments during the daytime indicates a need for structurally intact forests and suggests that a mosaic of forest patches of varying successional stages and structural completeness is likely to be the most beneficial to large herbivores.
Supplementing a grain diet with insects instead of fruits sustains the body condition of an omnivorous bird
Authors: Simon Ojodomo G. , Manu Shiiwua A. , Nwaogu Chima J. , Omotoriogun Taiwo C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOmnivores utilize dietary sources which differ in nutrients, hence dietary limitations due to environmental change or habitat alteration could cause nutrient limitations, and thus deterioration of body condition if omnivory is obligate. We investigated how the body condition of the omnivorous Village weaverPloceus cucullatus(weavers), which forages predominantly on grains, responds to the supplementation of its grain diet with insects instead of fruits. Forty wild‐caught weavers held in aviaries were fed a combination of grains and fruits, or grains and insects ad libitum for 8 weeks. We determined diet preference by recording the number of birds on each diet option per minute for 1 h and the amount of food left‐over after 3 h of foraging. Fortnightly, we assessed indices of body condition including body mass, pectoral muscle, and fat scores, packed cell volume (PCV), and hemoglobin concentration (HBC). We modeled the number of foragers, food left‐over, and body condition indices as functions of diet, while accounting for time (weeks) and sex effects. Grains were the preferred diet, but males ate more fruits and insects than females. Weavers fed on grains and fruits lost body and pectoral muscle mass and accumulated less fat than those fed on grains and insects. This effect was sex‐dependent: females supplemented with fruits lost more pectoral muscle mass than males of the same group and males but not females, supplemented with insects accumulated more fat reserve than those supplemented with fruits. PCV and HBC did not differ between diets but increased over the 8 weeks. Weavers are likely obligate rather than facultative omnivores, with insects as being a more nutritive supplement than fruits. Nutrient limitation arising from environmental change or habitat alteration could impair body condition and affect physiological function to environmental seasonality in obligate omnivores like the weavers.
Observations of nectarivorous birds and potential biological control agents in berry orchards
Authors: Santos Karen C. B. S. , Davis Abby E. , Rocchetti Maurizio , Hocking Brad , Shermeister Bar , Rader Romina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe observed the brown honeyeater, Lichmera indistincta, visiting blueberry orchards in eastern Australia. L. indistincta is considered to be a nectarivorous bird, feeding almost entirely on nectar. However, we report observations of this species as both a nectarivore and insectivore in blueberry crops and as an insectivore in raspberry crops. Brown honeyeaters may be acting as biological control agents when feeding on leaf‐roller caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in blueberry orchards and on brown blowflies (Calliphora stygia) in raspberry orchards. Although most blueberry growing regions use managed honey bees as the main pollinator, more studies on the complex tritrophic interactions occurring in these crops are needed to better understand the costs and benefits of different farm management practices upon alternative pollinators.
Soil versus atmospheric drought: A test case of plant functional trait responses
Authors: Watson Samantha J. , Aguirre Beatriz A. , Wright Alexandra J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate change alters mean global surface temperatures, precipitation regimes, and atmospheric moisture. Resultant drought affects the composition and diversity of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. To date, there have been no assessments of the combined impacts of reduced precipitation and atmospheric drying on functional trait distributions of any species in an outdoor experiment. Here, we examined whether soil and atmospheric drought affected the functional traits of a focal grass species (Poa secunda) growing in monoculture and eight‐species grass communities in outdoor mesocosms. We focused on specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area, stomatal density, root:shoot ratio, and fine root:coarse root ratio responses. Leaf area and overall growth were reduced with soil drying. Root:shoot ratio only increased for P. secunda growing in monoculture under combined atmospheric and soil drought. Plant energy allocation strategy (measured using principal components) differed when P. secunda was grown in combined soil and atmospheric drought conditions compared with soil drought alone. Given a lack of outdoor manipulations of this kind, our results emphasize the importance of atmospheric drying on functional trait responses more broadly. We suggest that drought methods focused purely on soil water inputs may be imprecisely predicting drought effects on other terrestrial organisms as well (other plants, arthropods, and higher trophic levels).
Near‐source ground motion in the M7.8 Gaziantep (Turkey) earthquake
Authors: Baltzopoulos Georgios , Baraschino Roberto , Chioccarelli Eugenio , Cito Pasquale , Vitale Antonio , Iervolino Iunio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOn the night of February 6, 2023, a major earthquake struck Turkey and nearby Syria, whose moment magnitude (M) was estimated at 7.8 (or 7.7, depending on the data source). It started what can be considered a seismic sequence with thousands of recorded earthquakes with magnitude larger than two, including another M6.7 event (or 6.6) occurring shortly after, and one M7.5 (or 7.6) a day and a half later. The area in the south‐eastern part of Turkey hit by the sequence is considered, according to probabilistic models, one of the most hazardous in the wider region. This technical note aims at a preliminary illustration of some features of the shaking, deemed of earthquake engineering relevance. To this aim, it preliminarily analyzes the evolution of the sequence so far and the related ground motion intensity, as estimated from ShakeMap envelopes, then focuses on the largest magnitude event, for which a preliminary model of the source is available, while a supplementary report is provided for the other two events. Based on data available at the time of writing, it is found that the development of the sequence and the recorded ground motions are generally in agreement with available models, although some locations may have experienced peak ground accelerations larger than 1.0 g, and near‐source effects, determining pulse‐like ground motions, apparently occurred.
Dynamic identity‐based broadcast proxy re‐encryption for data sharing in autonomous vehicles
Authors: Zhou Yuanjian , Cao Zhenfu , Dong Xiaolei 
Published: May 2023

SummaryAutonomous vehicles (AVs), as the essential part of intelligent autonomous transportation system, improves vehicle communication efficiency and supports diverse kinds of social services. However, with the development of AVs, more data has been generated by the sensors about the road, traffic, street light, and weather conditions. This also inevitably bringing new security problems, such as secure data sharing. Although the identity‐based broadcast proxy re‐encryption (IBBPRE) can be used to realize one‐to‐many data sharing, most existing schemes require access to the data owner for the group shared key update phases since the data owner's private key is mandatory for the group shared key generation. Therefore, frequent interaction with the data owner increases the operational burden and risks leaking the data owner's private key. Thus, we design a dynamic identity‐based broadcast proxy re‐encryption (DIB‐BPRE) to solve the problem of re‐encryption update. In the proposed scheme, a vehicle cloud server directly revokes or adds a group of data receivers, designated by the data owner, from the re‐encryption key. Finally, the theoretical and experimental analyses demonstrate that the DIB‐BPRE scheme is efficient, and it is suitable for data sharing in AVs.
Health care utilization and its association with sociodemographic factors among slum‐dwellers with type 2 diabetes in Tabriz, Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ghammari Fawzieh , Jalilian Habib , Khodayari‐zarnaq Rahim , Gholizadeh Masumeh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsSlums are known as growing underprivileged areas. One of the health adverse effects of slum‐dwelling is health care underutilization. Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires an appropriate utilization. This study aimed to investigate the extent of health care utilization among slum‐dwellers with T2DM in Tabriz, Iran, in 2022.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study on 400 patients with T2DM living in slum areas of Tabriz, Iran. Sampling was conducted using a systematic random sampling method. A researcher‐made questionnaire was used for data collection. To develop the questionnaire, we used Iran's Package of Essential Noncommunicable (IraPEN) diseases, in which potential needs and essential health care for patients with diabetes and the appropriate time intervals for use are specified. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.ResultsAlthough 49.8% of patients needed outpatient services, only 38.3% were referred to health centers and utilized health services. The results of the binary logistic regression model showed that women (OR = 1.871, CI 1.170–2.993), those with higher income levels (OR = 1.984, CI 1.105–3.562), and those with diabetes complications (Adjusted OR = 1.7, CI 0.2–0.603) were almost 1.8 times more likely to utilize outpatient services. Additionally, those with diabetes complications (OR = 1.93, CI 0.189–2.031) and those taking oral medication (OR = 3.131, CI 1.825–5.369) were respectively 1.9 and 3.1 times more likely to utilize inpatient care services.ConclusionsOur study showed that, although slum‐dwellers with type 2 diabetes needed outpatient services, a small percentage were referred to health centers and utilized health services. Multispectral cooperation is necessary for improving the status quo. There is a need to take appropriate interventions to strengthen health care utilization among residents with T2DM living in slum sites. Also, insurance organizations should cover more health expenditures and provide a more comprehensive benefits package for these patients.
Prevalence of Brucella endocarditis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Narimisa Negar , Razavi Shabnam , Khoshbayan Amin , Masjedian Jazi Faramarz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndocarditis caused by Brucella infection is one of this infection's complications, including a high mortality rate. However, studies on the prevalence of this complication have been limited to some case reports. This study investigated the prevalence of Brucella endocarditis globally using a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using appropriate keywords until September 2022. All studies reporting the prevalence of endocarditis in patients with brucellosis were included in this current study. To investigate the pooled prevalence of Brucella endocarditis, random model was used in comprehensive meta‐analysis software.ResultsA total of 25 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. The prevalence of Brucella endocarditis was 1.3%, and the death rate was 26.5%. The results did not show a significant difference in the prevalence of this complication in different regions.ConclusionAccording to this study's results, the prevalence of Brucella endocarditis is low, but it includes a large percentage of the deaths of affected patients. To complete our understanding of this complication and its management, more research should be done to investigate the effect of other factors, such as age and gender.
Convection‐assisted intra‐vitreous drug delivery in human eye: An experimental investigation
Authors: Vibhute Shrinivas , Narasimhan Arunn 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe report an in vitro transient experimental study of the human eye to determine the effects of convection on the transport of drugs from the point of injection to the retinal surface through the fluid in the vitrectomized eye. The human eye is modeled as a glass orb of realistic proportions, and water and silicone oil mimic the vitreous fluid. In a series of experiments, the dye that is used to mimic the drug is injected at two different spots in the vitreous chamber, and its transport through the vitreous fluid mimic to the retinal surface is recorded under conditions of simple diffusion and convection‐assisted diffusion. The drug concentrations at two different spots on the retinal surface at different times are monitored. It is shown that the drug reaches all parts of the retinal surface much faster during convection‐assisted diffusion than during pure diffusion, irrespective of where it is injected in the cavity. In a snapshot, it is seen that the dye concentration reaches at the target central retinal pigmented epithelium spot in just 12 min (0.2 h) with convection‐assisted diffusion as against 12 h in pure diffusion. The steady‐state average drug concentration at the target retinal region is seen to be 56.25 times greater for the convection‐assisted drug transport than for the pure diffusion case. The results show that applying mild heat to the retinal surface by methods such as laser irradiation can induce convection‐based transport of the drug in the vitreous fluid. This method makes the drug available much faster at the target retinal region than drug transport by pure diffusion. The faster transport of the drug within the cavity can expedite the drug's effect and prevent drug loss due to delays.
A surface and ground‐water integrated investigation of streamflow drying up in semi‐arid regions
Authors: Wang Mingjun , Xu Bo , Li Yu , Han Feng , Du Xinqiang , Zhang Jiayan , Zhang Chi , Peng Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGroundwater exploitations in semi‐arid regions result in significant declines of groundwater levels and streamflow and even trigger seasonal streamflow drying up, which may bring adverse impacts on riparian ecosystems. It is critical to explore future streamflow changes caused by variable climate scenarios and groundwater exploitation intensities; however, a comprehensive assessment of the streamflow drying up frequency remains lacking. Furthermore, the thresholds of controlling factors beyond which streamflow drying up occurs have rarely been explored. Here we develop an integrated surface water‐groundwater model for the Taoer River Basin (TRB), a typical semi‐arid watershed in northeast China. We apply the model to multiple future scenarios to reveal the frequency of potential streamflow drying up and explore the thresholds of controlling factors of streamflow drying up based on a decision tree method. We find that the groundwater level in the lower region of the TRB (LTRB) is hard to recover to the riverbed elevation and the streamflow drying up frequency is still high unless the groundwater exploitation is reduced by 50%. However, this leads to a competition between the ecological and economic objectives. Our results also show that the streamflow drying up frequency in the LTRB is very sensitive to the upstream water inflow that can be regulated through the reservoir operation or inter‐basin water diversion, indicating the importance of a basin scale strategic management. The findings of this paper can help policy makers sustainably exploit water resources in semi‐arid regions.
Confounded association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of biliary tract cancer: Result from three cohorts
Authors: He Qiangsheng , Huang Chongfei , Qin Xiwen , Yu Yuanyuan , Tang Di , Huang Junjie , Kuo Zi Chong , Ling Yuyao , Mao Deli , Xia Bin , Li Wenjing , Lu Kuiqing , Yang Man , He Yulong , Meng Wenbo , Yuan Jinqiu , Pan Yihang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent epidemiological studies suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), however, confounders were not adequately controlled. Our study aimed to evaluate PPI use and subsequent risk of BTC and its subtypes in three well‐established cohorts. We conducted a pooled analysis of the subjects free of cancers in UK Biobank (n = 463 643), Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 80 235) and NHS II (n = 95 869). Propensity score weighted Cox models were used to estimate marginal HRs of PPIs use on BTC risk, accounting for potential confounders. We documented 284 BTC cases in UK Biobank (median follow‐up: 7.6 years), and 91 cases in NHS and NHS II cohorts (median follow‐up: 15.8 years). In UK biobank, PPI users had a 96% higher risk of BTC compared to nonusers in crude model (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.44‐2.66), but the effect was attenuated to null after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60‐1.49). PPI use was not associated with risk of BTC in the pooled analysis of three cohorts (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60‐1.43). We also observed no associations between PPI use with risk of intrahepatic (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49‐2.04), extrahepatic bile duct (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52‐2.27) and gallbladder cancers (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.26‐1.66) in UK Biobank. In summary, regular use of PPIs was not associated with the risk of BTC and its subtypes.