bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates from human diarrhea cases in China: an eight-year surveilance study
Authors: Li Weiwei , Han Haihong , Liu Jikai , Ke Bixia , Zhan Li , Yang Xiaorong , Tan Dongmei , Yu Bo , Huo Xiang , Ma Xiaochen , Wang Tongyu , Chen Shuai , Sun Yong , Chen Weiwei , Li Yanfen , Liu Chengwei , Yang Zushun , Guo Yunchang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSalmonella is widely known as one of the most common foodborne pathogens, and antibiotics remain effective in clinical therapies against its infections. To guide better clinical antibiotic treatment, we analyzed the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of a nation-wide collection of 36,822 Salmonella isolates derived from sporadic diarrhea cases in China from 2014 to 2021. A panel of 15 antibiotics, including 10 critically important and 5 highly important antimicrobial agents for human medicine based on the WHO CIA List, was selected for AMR surveillance. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Enteritidis, I 4,[5],12:i:-, London, and Stanley were turns to be the top five serotypes from human diarrhea cases in China. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the majority of the isolates (87.2%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, and 66.5% were multidrug resistant (MDR). Salmonella isolates were found to be highly resistant to ampicillin (73.4%) while sensitive to imipenem (98.73%). Over the eight years, the isolates were demonstrated generally an increase in resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and azithromycin, but displayed varied resistance profiles in terms of serotypes. Stanley (0.66–27.18%) and Agona (0.78–45.30%) had lower resistance rates compared to Typhimurium (1.11–85.6%), Enteritidis (1.55–91.29%), and I 4,[5],12:i:- (1.02–94.28%). In conclusion, our results provide systematic data on the resistance characteristics of Salmonella isolates from human diarrhea cases in China. Furthermore, this data identifies priorities for the clinical treatments of antibiotics.
Optimising plasma clozapine levels to improve treatment response: an individual patient data meta-analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis
Authors: Northwood Korinne , Pearson E. , Arnautovska U. , Kisely S. , Pawar M. , Sharma M. , Vitangcol K. , Wagner E. , Warren N. , Siskind Dan 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAlthough clozapine is the most efficacious medication for treatment-refractory schizophrenia, not all patients will have an adequate response. Optimising clozapine dose using therapeutic drug monitoring could therefore maximise response.AimsUsing individual patient data, we undertook a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine an optimal therapeutic range for clozapine levels to guide clinical practice.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase for studies that provided individual participant level data on clozapine levels and response. These data were analysed using ROC curves to determine the prediction performance of plasma clozapine levels for treatment response.ResultsWe included data on 294 individual participants from nine studies. ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.612. The clozapine level at the point of optimal diagnostic benefit was 372 ng/mL; at this level, the response sensitivity was 57.3%, and specificity 65.7%. The interquartile range for treatment response was 223–558 ng/mL. There was no improvement in ROC performance with mixed models including patient gender, age or length of trial. Clozapine dose and clozapine concentration to dose ratio did not provide significantly meaningful prediction of response to clozapine.ConclusionsClozapine dose should be optimised based on clozapine therapeutic levels. We found that a range between 250 and 550 ng/mL could be recommended, while noting that a level of >350 ng/mL is the most optimal for response. Although some patients may not respond without clozapine levels >550 ng/mL, the benefits should be weighed against the increased risk of adverse drug reactions.
Thermodynamics beyond isolated Dirac points: A (possible) phase transition when coalescing
Authors: Flores J. C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Graphene is certainly a prototype of Dirac's fermion in solid physics and has been extensively considered theoretically and experimentally. Nevertheless, here we go beyond the so-called Dirac's points considering the entire spectrum. More specifically, thermodynamic properties in a large range of energies are analyzed. Relationships between entropy, internal energy, specific heat, and temperature are considered. The topology of the spectrum changes drastically beyond Dirac's points and a phase transition appears. The technique used is through the treatment of images for counting the number of states for a given energy.
Transverse proton gluon anisotropy points behind the Standard Model
Authors: Trinhammer Ole L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The present work focuses on transverse gluon densities in the proton and derives exemplar distributions showing azimuthal anisotropies. Such anomalies relative to the Standard Model may be visible in scattering experiments involving protons. I describe baryons as mass eigenstates of a Hamiltonian structure on an intrinsic U(3) configuration space. This has yielded the neutral flavour baryon spectrum and given a rather accurate value for the neutron mass 939.9(5) MeV from first principles. Quark and gluon fields are shaped by the momentum form of the intrinsic wave function. This has led to parton distribution functions for the u and d valence quarks for the proton and to a proton spin structure function agreeing with experiments over four orders of magnitude in the parton momentum fraction.
Disorder-controlled linear magnetoresistance in monolayer graphene
Authors: Gao K. H. , Wang W. J. , Lin T. , Li Z. Q. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The nonsaturating linear magnetoresistance (MR) in graphene has been found for more than ten years, but its origin still lacks a quantitative study. Here, we report magneto-transport properties of monolayer graphene samples grown on silicon carbide. A positive parabolic MR is observed at low magnetic fields, and it is transformed into a large linear MR with increasing field. The observed linear MR is gradually suppressed either by increasing temperature or by increasing annealing time. The slope of the linear MR is proportional to the Hall mobility, and the crossover field, representing a transition from quadratic to linear field dependence, is proportional to the inverse of the Hall mobility. We therefore attribute the linear MR to a classical origin. This classical MR is considered to be controlled by the interaction between carrier and the low-mobility island, and the fraction of the low-mobility island is extracted. The extracted fraction is consistent with the calculated results when the absorbed acceptor is regarded as the main source of the disorder. Our data also can be explained by the effective-medium theory.
The role of SPIRE actin nucleators in cellular transport processes
Authors: Welz Tobias , Kerkhoff Eugen 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Looking back at two decades of research on SPIRE actin nucleator proteins, the first decade was clearly dominated by the discovery of SPIRE proteins as founding members of the novel WH2-domain-based actin nucleators, which initiate actin filament assembly through multiple WH2 actin-binding domains. Through complex formation with formins and class 5 myosins, SPIRE proteins coordinate actin filament assembly and myosin motor-dependent force generation. The discovery of SPIRE-regulated cytoplasmic actin filament meshworks in oocytes initiated the next phase of SPIRE research, which has found that SPIRE proteins are integrated in a diverse range of cell biological processes. In addition to regulating vesicle-based actin filament meshworks, SPIRE proteins function in the organisation of actin structures driving the inward movement of pronuclei of the mouse zygote. Localisation at cortical ring structures and the results of knockdown experiments indicate that SPIRE proteins function in the formation of meiotic cleavage sites in mammalian oocytes and the externalisation of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells. Alternative splicing targets mammalian SPIRE1 towards mitochondria, where it has a role in fission. In this Review, we summarise the past two decades of SPIRE research by addressing the biochemical and cell biological functions of SPIRE proteins in mammalian reproduction, skin pigmentation and wound healing, as well as in mitochondrial dynamics and host–pathogen interactions.
In-depth assessment of Iraqi physicians' adherence to treatment guidelines for different diseases: a qualitative study
Authors: Anwer Ibrahim Yawer , Yawuz Mohammed Jamal , Al-Jumaili Ali Azeez 
Published: March 2023

Background: In healthcare settings, specialists from different fields may follow the most well-known, reliable, and easy-to-understand medical guidelines. This study aimed to determine Iraqi physicians' adherence to treatment guidelines, to specify which treatment guidelines are utilized for each disease and identify their barriers to follow the guidelines. Methods: This was qualitative study including face-to-face and virtual semi-structured interviews with specialist physicians from different disciplines. The interviews were conducted between December 2021 and May 2022 in Kirkuk province, Iraq. The qualitative data generated through interviews was analyzed using thematic analysis. Result: The study recruited 48 specialists (27 male and 21 female) from seven medical specialties at two large government hospitals. Most physicians (38 /44) revealed that healthcare settings implement treatment guidelines in more than half of cases. American guideline was the most used among the participating physicians. European and British guidelines and textbooks were also used by some specialties. Unfortunately, most (43 out of 47) physicians were unaware of Iraqi treatment guideline. Most seniors often followed the same guidelines for one branch, with little variation in approach based on their experience and flexibility. Almost all participating physicians believed that shortages in treatment (46/47) and investigation/lab materials (45/47) and low patient adherence (44/47) are major barriers to implement the guideline(s). Six out of seven specialties experienced shortage in the essential medications that recommended by the guidelines Conclusions: Most physicians followed well-known international guidelines. Each specialty follows different guidelines relying on the disease. Medication shortage in the public hospitals was the main barrier facing physicians to implement treatment guidelines. Enhancing physician awareness of the Iraqi guidelines should be encouraged. Finally, securing essential medicines in public hospitals is pivotal to adopt evidence-based guidelines effectively.
Fixed dose combination of low dose pregabalin and duloxetine, or pregabalin monotherapy for neuropathic pain: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study
Authors: K. Krishnaprasad , Dutt Sunil , Rattan Pankaj , Dadhania Ankit , Gupta Ram , Joshi Deepa , Kakkad Ashutosh , Makwana Altaf , Jha Pankaj 
Published: March 2023

Background: Treatment of neuropathic pain is challenging. Pregabalin and duloxetine are used as first-line therapy. Various international guidelines recommend a combination of first-line agents for the management of neuropathic pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of low-dose pregabalin and duloxetine compared to pregabalin monotherapy at week 7 in patients with moderate to severe neuropathic pain. Methods: This was a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy parallel-group non-inferiority study conducted at 17 sites across India. Three hundred and twenty-eight adult patients with moderate to severe neuropathic pain were randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to receive a FDC of pregabalin and duloxetine or pregabalin monotherapy for 7 weeks followed by a one-week follow-up. The pregabalin-duloxetine combination was initiated at 50 plus 20 mg per day and gradually titrated to a maximum of 75mg plus 30mg twice daily. Pregabalin was initiated at 75mg/day and gradually titrated to a maximum of 150mg twice daily. The main efficacy outcome was a mean change in pain intensity at the end of 7 weeks. Results: Two hundred and ninety-eight patients completed the study, 148 in the pregabalin-duloxetine group and 150 in the pregabalin group. The mean change in daily pain at 7 weeks was as follows: -4.49 with FDC and -4.66 with pregabalin (p<0.0001). The non-inferiority of a low-dose FDC compared to pregabalin monotherapy was demonstrated at the end of the study. The incidence of dizziness and somnolence was comparable between both treatments. A higher frequency of peripheral oedema was observed with pregabalin monotherapy than in the FDC group (p>0.05). Conclusions: A FDC of low doses of pregabalin and duloxetine and high dose of pregabalin monotherapy achieved similar analgesia with dizziness, and somnolence as the most frequent adverse event. Trial registration: CTRI/2020/09/027555
Predictors of chronic kidney disease among Indonesian adult population: Results from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research
Authors: Rachmah Qonita , Atmaka Dominikus Raditya , Haryana Nila Reswari , Daud Zulfitri Azuan Mat 
Published: March 2023

Background: Three out of ten cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are cause by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, nutritional status, consumption of unhealthy foods, high blood pressure, and smoking habits were also previously identified as risk factors to CKD but there is a scarcity of data from Indonesia. Therefore, we sought to determine the risk factors using a predictive model for the incidence of CKD in Indonesia based on the Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018. Methods: Secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey with 300,000 respondents was used. Respondents with complete socio-demographic, food consumption data, anthropometric data and chronic disease status (i.e. T2DM and hypertension) type 2 were analyzed (n=96,098). Binary logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between socio-demographic, food group consumption, health and nutritional status with CKD. Results: Based on the final model of logistic regression analysis, ranging from the most and least factors that contribute to CKD were the presence of T2DM (p<0.000; OR=2.353), hypertension (p<0.000; OR=1.695); education level (p=0.028; OR=1.438), living area (p=0.025; OR=1.242); age (p<0.000; OR=0.979); and sugary drink consumption (p=0.050; OR=0.884). Conclusions: Prediction equation of CKD risk factor in Indonesia Adult included 6 factors that are present: diabetes, present hypertension, education, living area, age, and sugary drink consumption. This result can be used by the health professional to predict the risk of CKD among patients with present diabetes and/or hypertension.
Vaccine-preventable food- and water-borne diseases
Authors: Brewer Catherine 
Published: March 2023

Contaminated food and water can transmit a wide variety of infectious diseases. Catherine Brewer looks at the vaccine-preventable food- and water-borne diseases Contaminated food and water can transmit a wide variety of infectious diseases, with all of these having a higher incidence in low-income counties. Food- and water-borne diseases are still the most common health issue experienced by travellers, often causing diarrhoea. The vaccine-preventable diseases are poliomyelitis, hepatitis A, typhoid and cholera. Taking food and water precautions and making wise choices is the key to prevention of these diseases, and many others which are not vaccine-preventable.
Evaluation of anal cytology and human papillomavirus infection in high-risk women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ashrafganjoei Tahereh , Sadat Hosseini Maryam , Pirastehfar Zanbagh , Farzaneh Farah , Arab Maliheh , Moghaddam Noushin Ashfar , Javadi Abdolreza , Joybari Ali Yaghobi 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND Anal cancer incidence has been on the rise over the past few decades. This study aimed to assess anal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear changes in women with high risk for dysplasia and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 121 patients referred to the Gynecology Oncology Clinic of Imam Hossein Medical Center between 2020 and 2021 in Tehran, Iran, who had cervical and vulvar dysplasia, cervical HPV infection, and abnormal cervical cytology results and were over 21 years old. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21 (IBM Corp., USA) at a significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS 121 women, with a mean age of 39.69 years, were included in this study. Overall, 23.1% of women had positive anal HPV results, and 35.5% were over 40 years old. Younger age was associated with an increased risk of anal HPV (p = 0.045). 33.9% of women were single and had a higher risk of anal HPV. Multiple sexual partnerships and anal sex were the significant risk factors for anal cancer (p<0.001). Women with positive anal HPV results had significantly more genital warts (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed in smoking, educational level, and cervical Pap smear results between women with negative and positive rectal HPV results.
CONCLUSIONS Younger age at diagnosis, being single, having multiple sexual partnerships, having anal sex, and having genital warts were associated with anal HPV infection in women. Abnormal anal cytology was only associated with being single and having multiple sexual partners.
Functional Literacy Intervention for Postsecondary Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Pilot Study
Authors: Prahl Alison , Gilson Carly 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The rapid growth of inclusive higher education opportunities for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) has contributed to improvements in students' academics, employment, social, and independent living outcomes. However, many college programs lack a focus on functional literacy, a critical skill for success in adulthood. This study evaluated whether a functional literacy intervention was associated with an increase in the percentage of reading comprehension strategies implemented accurately for college students with IDD. A multiple probe across functional literacy stimuli (e.g., academic assignments, employment emails, social text messages) was replicated across four students. Results indicated an association between the intervention and percentage of strategies implemented accurately. Suggestions for future research and implications for practice are provided.
Early diagnosis of dengue: Diagnostic utility of the SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo rapid test in Reunion Island
Authors: Maillard Olivier , Belot Jeanne , Adenis Thibault , Rollot Olivier , Adenis Antoine , Guihard Bertrand , Gérardin Patrick , Bertolotti Antoine 
Published: March 2023

Background
In Reunion Island, dengue outbreaks have been occurring since 2018. The healthcare facilities are facing the problem of managing a massive influx of patients and a growing care burden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the SD Bioline Dengue Duo rapid diagnostic test in adults consulting at an emergency department during the 2019 epidemic.

Methodology/Principal findings
This retrospective study of diagnostic accuracy included patients over 18 years old, suspected of dengue, who were admitted to emergency units of the University Hospital of Reunion between the 1st of January and 30th of June, 2019, and were tested for dengue fever with the SD Bioline Dengue Duo rapid diagnostic test and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Over the study period, 2099 patients were screened retrospectively. Of them, 671 patients matched the inclusion criteria. The overall rapid diagnostic test performance was 42% for sensitivity and 15% for specificity. The non-structural 1 antigen component had a good specificity of 82% but a low sensitivity of 12%. The immunoglobulin M component had a sensitivity of 28% and a specificity of 33%. Sensitivities were slightly improved beyond the 5th day of illness compared to the early stage for all components, but only the non-structural 1 antigen component had a better specificity of 91%. Furthermore, predictive values were low and post-test probabilities never improved pre-test probabilities in our setting.

Conclusions/Significance
These results suggest that the SD Bioline Dengue Duo RDT did not achieve sufficient performance levels to rule in, or discard, an early point of care dengue diagnosis in the emergency department during the 2019 epidemic in Reunion.
Prevention of relapse in drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without vitamin D3 supplementation: A double blinded randomized control clinical trial
Authors: Sinha Sanjeev , Thukral Himanshu , Shareef Imtiyaz , Desai Devashish , Singh Binit Kumar , Das Bimal Kumar , Dhooria Sahajal , Sarin Rohit , Singla Rupak , Meena Saroj Kumari , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Pandey Shivam , Sethi Sunil , Kajal Ashumeet , Yadav Rakesh , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Bhadada Sanjay , Behera Digambar 
Published: March 2023

Background
The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are widely recognized and a few studies have been conducted to determine its utility in the treatment of tuberculosis, with mixed results. This study was conducted to see if vitamin D supplementation in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the Indian population contributed to sputum smear and culture conversion as well as the prevention of relapse.

Methods
This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in three sites in India. HIV negative participants aged 15–60 years with sputum smear positive PTB were recruited according to the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program guidelines and were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive standard anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) with either supplemental dose of oral vitamin D3 (60,000 IU/sachet weekly for first two months, fortnightly for next four months followed by monthly for the next 18 months) or placebo with same schedule. The primary outcome was relapse of PTB and secondary outcomes were time to conversion of sputum smear and sputum culture.

Results
A total of 846 participants were enrolled between February 1, 2017 to February 27, 2021, and randomly assigned to receive either 60,000 IU vitamin D3 (n = 424) or placebo (n = 422) along with standard ATT. Among the 697 who were cured of PTB, relapse occurred in 14 participants from the vitamin D group and 19 participants from the placebo group (hazard risk ratio 0.68, 95%CI 0.34 to 1.37, log rank p value 0.29). Similarly, no statistically significant difference was seen in time to sputum smear and sputum culture conversion between both groups. Five patients died each in vitamin D and placebo groups, but none of the deaths were attributable to the study intervention. Serum levels of vitamin D were significantly raised in the vitamin D group as compared to the placebo group, with other blood parameters not showing any significant difference between groups.

Conclusions
The study reveals that vitamin D supplementation does not seem to have any beneficial effect in the treatment of PTB in terms to the prevention of relapse and time to sputum smear and culture conversion.

Trial registration
CTRI/2021/02/030977 (ICMR, Clinical trial registry-India).