bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Protocols and Applications of 1,2,5-Oxadiazoles: A Review
Authors: Kumar Greesh , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Kumar Upendra 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
The 1,2,5-oxadiazole framework has garnered a lot of interest among many nitrogen heterocycles
because of its capacity to give off NO under physiological circumstances. Because of this, major
efforts by chemical scientists have been made to create novel drug possibilities in medicinal, material,
and agriculture science that include the NO-donor 1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide subunit coupled to a known
drug or a possible pharmacophore by C-C/C-N links or by using a suitable spacer. In the last few years,
1,2,5-oxadiazole and its derivatives have been reported as good pharmacophores as carbonic anhydrase
inhibitors, antibacterial, vasodilating agents, antimalarial, anticancer, etc. In the presented manuscript,
we reviewed granted patents (last 10 years), different synthetic strategies (last 27 years) of 1,2,5-
oxadiazoles and their N-oxide derivatives synthesis such as cycloaddition, dimerization, cyclodehydration,
condensation, thermolysis, nitration, oxidation, ring-conversion, etc. These synthetic methods have
also been analyzed for their merits and demerits. The manuscript also highlighted various applications
of 1,2,5-oxadiazole and its derivatives. We hope that researchers across the scientific streams will benefit
from the presented review articles for designing their work related to 1,2,5-oxadiazoles.
Stilbene-based Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of Bcl-2 Antiapoptotic Proteins: A Molecular Docking Study and ADMET Prediction
Authors: Mohamad Rosdi Mohamad Norisham , Abu Bakar Mohamad Hafizi , Nadri Muhammad Helmi , Soib Husnul Hanani , Azmi Nur Hanisah 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Fruits like berries are known not only for their taste and nutritional value but also
for the potential health benefits of their bioactive components. Stilbenes, a group of phenolic metabolites
found in berries, demonstrate significant pharmacological activities. Its derivatives also have been investigated
for their biological functions, including as anticancer agents. Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins are highly
involved in regulating cancer progression by promoting apoptosis evasion. Hence, Bcl-2 is a promising
therapeutic target in drug development.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the stilbene derivatives with the best potential as Bcl-2 inhibitors

Methods:
The method used was molecular docking of several stilbene derivatives to Bcl-2 receptors using
AutoDock 4.2, followed by an ADMET studyThe method used was molecular docking of several stilbene derivatives to Bcl-2 receptors using AutoDock 4.2, followed by an ADMET study

Results:
Based on the docking score and ligand-receptor interactions, oxyresveratol and pterostilbene had
the best docking findings for the Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins. Among these eleven substances, pterostilbene
significantly inhibited Bcl-w and Mcl-1, whereas oxresveratrol could inhibit Bcl-2. Although the
findings from the two ADMET profiles were varied, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to
explore the potential of the compounds.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the study identified the potential chemopreventive agents, such as pterostilbene
and oxyresveratrol might serve as potential lead compounds for developing new Bcl-2 inhibitors.
The Value of Nailfold Capillaroscopy in the Classification and Differential
Diagnosis of Raynaud’s Phenomenon in Rheumatology
Authors: Lambova Sevdalina Nikolova 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Among instrumental techniques, nailfold capillaroscopy plays a leading role in the assessment of Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) patients because it is the only method that provides opportunities for morphological assessment of capillaroscopic findings in the nailfold area, with proven diagnostic and prognostic significance in rheumatology.The discussion about updating the classification of RP in rheumatology is interesting given the current understanding of capillaroscopic findings in rheumatic diseases and improvements in immunological diagnostics. The presence of dilation of the “true” capillary diameters in primary RP could be observed.There are some cases of primary RP where the capillaroscopic pattern is completely normal and there are no dilated capillar-ies present, which could be related to the duration and severity of the symptoms. It is possible that longer duration and greater severity are associated with the appearance of capillary dilations, but more research is needed to confirm it. Rarely, pathological capillaroscpic features of microangiopa-thy could be observed in RP patients in whom clinical, laboratory and immunological findings are compatible with the diagnosis “primary RP”. These cases should be defined as “suspected second-ary RP” and require closer follow-up for the assessment of symptom evolution. Abnormal “sclero-derma” type capillaroscopic pattern has been established as a new classification criterion for sys-temic sclerosis (SSc) in 2013. Similar changes (“scleroderma-like” pattern) could be observed in other rheumatic diseases, i.e., undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, including without evidence of overlap with scleroderma. The appearance of such microvascular abnormalities at disease presentation is less well studied in diseases different from SSc. However, “scleroderma-like” microangiopathy has also been reported as an initial sign in some systemic rheumatic diseases, such as UCTD and systemic lupus erythematosus. Thus, interpretation of capillaroscopic findings is performed in overall con-text, including clinical findings and laboratory and immunological test results.
Predicting the Prognosis of Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Intensitymodulated
Radiotherapy based on Radiomic Features
Authors: Wang Helong , Xu Jing , Bai Yanling , Wang Yewei , Shao Wencheng , Yun Weikang , Feng Lina , Xu Jianyu 
Published: September 2023

Aims:
This study aimed to develop a method for predicting short-term outcomes of lung cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy
(IMRT) using radiomic features detected through computed tomography images.

Methods:
A prediction model was developed based on a dataset of radiomic features obtained from 132 patients with lung cancer receiving IMRT.
Dimension reduction was performed for the features using the maximum-relevance and minimum-redundancy (mRMR) algorithm, and the least
absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was utilized to optimize feature selection for the IMRT-sensitivity prediction
model. The model was constructed using binary logistic regression analysis and was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), calibration
plots, receiver operating characteristic curve, and decision curve analysis.

Results:
Fifty features were selected from 1348 radiomic features using the mRMR method. Of these, three radiomic features were selected by LASSO
logistic regression to construct the radiomics nomogram. The C-index of the model was 0.776 (95% confidence interval: 0.689–0.862) and 0.791
(95% confidence interval: 0.607–0.974) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Decision curve analysis showed that the radiomics
nomogram was clinically useful.

Conclusion:
Radiomic features have the potential to be applied to predict the short-term efficacy of IMRT in patients with inoperable lung cancer.
Automatic Kidney Stone Composition Analysis Method Based on Dual-energy
CT
Authors: Huang Jianping , Hou Jiachen , Yang Weihong , Zhan Meixiao , Xie Shengfu , Li Shuping , Li Ru , Wu Shangxin , He Yuan , Zhao Wei , Zhang Rui , Shan Ge , Ni Wenjun 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The composition of kidney stones is related to the hardness of the stones. Knowing the composition of the stones before surgery can help plan the
laser power and operation time of percutaneous nephroscopic surgery. Moreover, patients can be treated with medications if the kidney stone is
compounded by uric acid before treatment, which can relieve the patients of the pain of surgery. However, although the literature generally reports
the kidney stone composition analysis method base on dual-energy CT images, the accuracy of these methods is not enough; they need manual
delineation of the kidney stone location, and these methods cannot analyze mixed composition kidney stones.

Objective:
This study aimed to overcome the problem related to identifying kidney stone composition; we need an accurate method to analyze the
composition of kidney stones.

Methods:
In this paper, we proposed the automatic kidney stone composition analysis algorithm based on a dual-energy CT image. The algorithm first
segmented the kidney stone mask by deep learning model, then analyzed the composition of each stone by machine learning model.

Results:
The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can segment kidney stones accurately (AUC=0.96) and predict kidney stone
composition accurately (mean Acc=0.86, mean Se=0.75, mean Sp=0.9, mean F1=0.75, mean AUC=0.83, MR (Exact match ratio)=0.6).

Conclusion:
The proposed method can predict the composition and location of kidney stones, which can guide its treatment.

:
Experimental results show that the weighting strategy can improve kidney stone segmentation performance. In addition, the multi-label
classification model can predict kidney stone composition precisely, including the mixed composition kidney stones.
Establishment and Comparison of Piecewise Linear Regression Models to
Measure Thyroid Volume by 2D and 3D Ultrasound
Authors: Wang Yue-Gui , Yang Shu-Ping , Cai Ming-Yong , Chen Ke-Yue , Li Ting-Ting , Shen Hao-Lin 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
Compared thyroid volumes measured by 2-D and 3-D US with those of resected specimens and proposed new models to improve measurement accuracy.

Methods:
This study included 80 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. One 2D_model and one 3D_model were developed using piecewise linear regression analysis. The accuracy of these models was compared using an ellipsoid model (2-D_US value x 0.5), 3-D_US value, and Ying's model [1.76 + (2-D_US value x 0.38)].

Results:
The new 2D_model was: V=2.66 + (0.71 * X1) - (1.51 * X2). In this model, if 2-D_US value <= 228.39, X1 = 2-D_US value and X2 = 0; otherwise, X1 = 2-D_US value and X2 = 2-D_US value - 228.39. The 3D_model was: V= 2.90 + (1.08 * X1) + (2.43 * X2). In this model, if 3-D_US value <= 102.06, X1 = 3-D_US value and X2 = 0; otherwise, X1 = 3-D_US value and X2 = 3-D_US value - 102.06. The accuracy of the new models was higher than that of the 3-D_US value, the ellipsoid model, and Ying�s model (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
The models established are more accurate than the traditional ones and can accurately measure thyroid volume.
Analysis of Inhibition Potential of Nimbin and its Analogs against NF-κB Subunits
p50 and p65: A Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Khan Asiya , Singh Divyam , Waidha Kamran , Sisodiya Sandeep , Gopinath Pushparathinam , Hussian Showket , Tanwar Pranay , Katare Deepshikha Pande 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Cancer remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-
κB) plays an indispensable role in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance. The role of NF-κB is not only limited
to tumor cell proliferation and suppression of apoptotic genes but it also induces EMT transition responsible for metastasis.
Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in cancer cells by herbal derivatives makes it a favorable yet promising target
for cancer therapeutics.

Aim:
The purpose of the study is to explore the inhibition potential of Nimbin and its analogs against NF-κB subunits
p50 and p65.

Methods:
In the present study, an herbal compound Nimbin and its derivative analogs were investigated to examine
their impact on the p50 and p65 subunits of the NF-κB signaling pathway using in silico tools, namely molecular docking
and simulation.

Results:
The molecular docking analysis revealed that Nimbin and its analogs may bind to p50 and p65 subunits with
dG bind values ranging from -33.23 to -50.49Kcal/mol. Interestingly, molecular dynamic simulation for the NO5-p65
complex displayed a stable conformation and convergence when compared to the NO4-p50 complex.

Conclusion:
These results indicate that NO5 may have a potential inhibitory effect against NF-κB subunit p65, which
needs to be further validated in in vitro and in vivo systems. Also, the results obtained emphasize and pave the way for
exploring the Nimbin scaffold against NF-κB inhibition for cancer therapeutics.
A Case Presenting with Neck Pain and High Sedimentation Rate: Amyloid
Goiter
Authors: Gokbulut Puren , Koc Gonul , Firat Sevdenur , Oztekin Pelin , Celepli Pinar , Kökceoglu Seher , Culha Cavit 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Amyloid goiter is a rare disease characterized by amyloid deposits that
cause sudden growth in the thyroid gland.

Case Presentation:
Here we present a case of a 26-year-old woman with euthyroid amyloid goiter
who presented with subacute granulomatous thyroiditis clinic. Amyloid goiter was detected as
a result of core biopsy from the thyroid parenchyma of the patient with sudden thyroid enlargement.
Surgery was not applied to the patient who had no pressure symptoms or signs. In systemic
amyloidosis secondary to Familial Mediterranean fever, heart and kidney involvement, as well as
the thyroid gland, were detected.

Conclusion:
Amyloid accumulation should be considered in addition to anaplastic thyroid cancer
and lymphoma in patients with sudden thyroid enlargement. It should not be overlooked that amyloid
goiter may mimic subacute thyroiditis clinic. Systemic amyloidosis should be considered in
patients with amyloid goiter, and an examination should be made to assess the presence of amyloid
accumulations in other organs.
Interleukin (IL)-23, IL-31, and IL-33 Play a Role in the Course of Autoimmune
Endocrine Diseases
Authors: Janyga Szymon , Kajdaniuk Dariusz , Czuba Zenon , Ogrodowczyk-Bobik Monika , Urbanek Agata , Kos-Kudła Beata , Marek Bogdan 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Interleukins (IL)-23, 31, and 33 are involved in the regulation of T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cells balance. The role of IL-23, 31 and 33 in non-endocrine auto-immune diseases has been confirmed. Data on the involvement of these cytokines in endocrine autoimmune diseases are limited.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the involvement of cytokines regulating the T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cells axis in the course of autoimmune endocrine diseases.

Methods:
A total number of 80 participants were divided into 4 groups: the autoimmune polyen-docrine syndrome (APS) group consisting of APS type 2 (APS-2) and type 3 (APS-3) subgroups, the Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) group, the Graves’ disease (GD) group and the control (C) group. Fifteen cytokines related to Th17 and Treg lymphocytes were determined in the serum of all participants.

Results:
Higher levels of IL-23 and IL-31 were found in the APS, GD, and HT groups compared to the C group. Higher levels of IL-23 and IL-31 were also observed in the APS-2 group, in contrast to the APS-3 group. Correlation analysis of variables in the groups showed a statistically signifi-cant correlation between the cytokines IL-23, IL-31, and IL-33 in the APS and APS-2 groups, but no correlation in the APS-3 and C groups.

Conclusion:
IL-23 and IL-31 are independent factors in the course of HT, GD, and APS-2, in contrast to APS-3. The positive correlation between IL-23 and IL-31, IL-23 and IL-33, and be-tween IL-31 and IL-33 in the APS, APS-2 groups, but the lack of correlation in the APS-3 and C groups may further suggest the involvement of these cytokines in the course of Addison's disease.
Determination of the Water use Efficiency of a Pecan Nut Orchard based on the Irrigation Scheduling and the Evapotranspiration Rate in Northern Mexico
Authors: Zermeño-González A. , Escalante-Pérez A. , Gil-Marín J. A. , Ramírez-Rodríguez H. , Cadena-Zapata M. , Melendres-Alvarez A.I. , Méndez-González J. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Adult pecan trees require a significant water supply for high yields and nut quality. Pecan nut orchards are established in semi-arid regions where water is the primary limiting resource for agriculture. Therefore, in these regions, improving water use efficiency is essential.

Objective:
Evaluate the water use efficiency of a pecan tree orchard based on the comparison of irrigation scheduling with the evapotranspiration rate data.

Methods:
The study was conducted in a pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis) orchard of 7.2 ha with 7-year-old Western and Wichita cv tress. The volume of water applied to each tree (drip irrigation) was converted to a daily irrigation depth and compared against the daily rate of actual (measured with an Eddy covariance system) and the FAO Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration.

Results:
Comparing the monthly water depth applied to each tree against the monthly FAO-Penman Monteith ET, surplus or deficit irrigation episodes were detected. Because the canopy trees only covered 18.7% of the orchard area, the daily rate of actual evapotranspiration during the months of the trees growing was very small (1 to 2 mm) compared with the orchards of mature pecan trees. The corresponding monthly crop coefficients (Kc) were also small (0.315 on average).

Conclusion:
This study showed that by comparing the rate of ETref against the irrigation depth applied to the trees in the irrigation scheduling, it is possible to reveal cases of surplus or deficit of water supplied to a pecan nut orchard.
At the Crossroads of TNF α Signaling and Cancer
Authors: Manohar Sonal M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine of the TNF superfamily. It regulates key cellular processes such as
death, and proliferation besides its well-known role in immune response through activation of various intracellular signaling pathways (such as
MAPK, Akt, NF-κB, etc.) via complex formation by ligand-activated TNFα receptors. TNFα tightly regulates the activity of key signaling proteins
via their phosphorylation and/or ubiquitination which culminate in specific cellular responses. Deregulated TNFα signaling is implicated in
inflammatory diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. TNFα has been shown to exert opposite effects on cancer cells since it activates prosurvival
as well as anti-survival pathways depending on various contexts such as cell type, concentration, cell density, etc. A detailed
understanding of TNFα signaling phenomena is crucial for understanding its pleiotropic role in malignancies and its potential as a drug target or an
anticancer therapeutic. This review enlightens complex cellular signaling pathways activated by TNFα and further discusses its role in various
cancers.
Promising Anticancer Stand-ins of Phyllanthus Species
Authors: Simran  , Vani  , Kriplani Priyanka , Guarve Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Phyllanthus species plants along with their active constituent phyllanthin, are the most widely used plants to cure various diseases. Present studies indicate their applicability as anti-diabetic, anti-malarial, antiplasmodial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antineoplastic, diuretic, nephroprotective, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective properties.

Objective:
The objective of the present review is to study the recent literature and patents, including the various methods of extraction and isolation of phyllanthin along with its pharmacokinetics and clinical trials and mainly focussing on their anticancer potential along with a brief on other pharmacological activities.

Methods:
Recent prose and patents focussing on the anticancer potential of mainly P. amarus and P. niruri have been highlighted with special emphasis on scientific novelty and impact.

Results:
Both P.amarus and P.niruri displayed good anticancer potential in multiple tumors and synergistic effects when combined with other anticancer drugs. Ne isolation/extraction methods, clinical trials, and pharmacokinetic studies have been discussed.

Conclusion:
The anticancer potential of P.amarus and P.niruri has opened new avenues for further research. Clinical trials are the need of the hour to validate and confirm the tumor-suppressing properties of both plants.
In Silico Identification of Cadmium Binding Protein and its Secreted Metalloproteins
in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Ganapathy  Salini Nandhana , Majumdar Rikhia , Ahamad Shahjahan , Sugumar Shobana 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a pathogenic bacteria that causes serious
infectious complications in humans, especially in immune-compromised patients. Stenotrophomonas
maltophilia is a gram-negative bacterium that is multidrug-resistant.

Objective:
The purpose of the study is to understand the diverse cellular and biological functions of
cadmium-binding metalloproteins and to predict their role in pathogenicity, regulation, and growth.

Methodology:
Different in silico approaches were used to check the Functional Annotation, Subcellular
Localization, Gene Ontology, and Bacterial toxin prediction have been used to identify the cellular
and biological function of Cd-binding metalloproteins in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Results:
Identified 116 Cd-binding proteins from the whole proteome sequence and functional domain,
family, localization, and toxicity were also studied.

Conclusion:
The outcomes revealed that this study could be used in understanding the 116 cadmiumbinding
proteins from the whole proteome sequence. This study shows the survival, growth, and pathogenicity
of the bacteria.
Karnasphota: A Neuroprotective Herb from the Treasure of Ayurveda
Authors: Topiya H. R. , Pandya D. J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract::
The ancient science of life known as Ayurveda offers countless potential to uncover
many unexplored manuscripts that lead to effective medications. Understanding traditional medicinal
plants can open up a wealth of significant bioactive phytoconstituents with numerous significant
pharmacological functions. This treasure must be located based on the understanding of old Ayurveda
and other traditional references. Sapindaceae family member Cardiospermum halicacabum
Linn. is a rich source of phytochemicals, including tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids,
alkaloids, and sterols. Many of these phytochemicals exhibit antioxidant, anxiolytic, antiinflammatory,
anti-ulcer, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, antifungal, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory,
antiviral, cardioprotective, mainly neuroprotective properties according to Ayurveda.
The plants' aerial parts are rich in phenolic acids, glycosidic compounds, tannins, and sterols.
Researchers and academicians are examining the pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and other pharmacological
effects of the traditional medicinal plant known as Karnasphota (Cardiospermum halicacabum
Linn.), which is cited in Ayurveda as one of the neuroprotective agents. Karnasphota
(Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn.) is shown to have promising therapeutic potential by the scientific
evidence offered by researchers and academics, and it can be further assessed as a novel candidate
for drug discovery. The current review aims to examine the potential of the underexplored herb
from Ayurveda "Karnasphota" for developing and designing future medications by reviewing the
existence of medicinally significant secondary metabolites, potential pharmacological importance,
and its role in neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases.