bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor performance and attention outcomes in children born very preterm
Authors: Brown Rebecca N. , Burnett Alice C. , Thompson Deanne K. , Spittle Alicia J. , Ellis Rachel , Cheong Jeanie L. Y. , Doyle Lex W. , Pascoe Leona , Anderson Peter J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between motor performance and attention in children born very preterm and at term, and investigate the presence of individual profiles of motor and attention performance.MethodAttention and motor performance at 7 and 13 years were assessed in 197 children born very preterm (52.5% male) and 69 children born at term (47.8% male) between 2001 and 2003. Linear regression models were fitted including an interaction term for birth group. Subgroups of children with similar attention and motor performance profiles were identified using latent profile analysis.ResultsBalance was positively associated with all attention outcomes at both ages (p < 0.006). There were specific birth group interactions for aiming and catching and manual dexterity with attention at 13 years, with positive associations observed only for children born very preterm (p < 0.001). At 7 years, three profiles were observed: average attention and motor functioning; average motor functioning and low attention functioning; and low attention and motor functioning. At 13 years, two profiles of average attention and motor functioning emerged, as well as one profile of below‐average attention and motor functioning. Children born very preterm were overrepresented in the lower functioning profiles (born very preterm 56%; born at term 29%).InterpretationMotor functioning at age 7 years may be a useful marker of later attention skills, particularly for children born very preterm who are at greater risk of poorer long‐term cognitive outcomes.What this paper adds

Balance was positively associated with attention in children born very preterm and at term.
Relationships between motor performance and attention at age 13 years differed between children born very preterm and at term.
Heterogeneous motor functioning and attention outcomes were noted for children born very preterm and at term.
Children born very preterm were more likely to have lower attention and motor functioning profiles than children born at term.
There was greater movement in motor functioning and attention profiles between the ages of 7 and 13 years in children born very preterm.
FENS‐Kavli Network of Excellence: Bridging levels and model systems in neuroscience: Challenges and solutions
Authors: Livneh Yoav 
Published: April 2023

Abstract“But what's the mechanism? And what's the behavioral relevance?” These very common questions reflect that obvious fact that neural systems can be described at multiple levels. They further reflect the fact that many neuroscientists view the achievement of such multilevel descriptions as an important accomplishment. Neuroscientists have achieved a remarkable level of understanding at each different level, yet comprehensive descriptions that bridge across multiple levels remain a substantial challenge in neuroscience. Many of us may take the importance and the considerable difficulty of this endeavour for granted and, therefore, expect that it will be somehow solved in the future as we make more progress. In contrast, I argue here that concerted action is needed to address this outstanding challenge. I discuss the need to bridge different levels and model systems in neuroscience. I briefly review key concepts from philosophy of science that can create a conceptual framework to do so. Finally, I suggest concrete “bottom‐up” and “top‐down” steps the neuroscience community can take to make progress in this direction. I hope these suggestions will serve an initial basis for further fruitful discussions that will advance us towards achieving this important goal.
Functional diversity can facilitate the collapse of an undesirable ecosystem state
Authors: Limberger Romana , Daugaard Uriah , Gupta Anubhav , Krug Rainer M. , Lemmen Kimberley D. , van Moorsel Sofia J. , Suleiman Marcel , Zuppinger‐Dingley Debra , Petchey Owen L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiodiversity may increase ecosystem resilience. However, we have limited understanding if this holds true for ecosystems that respond to gradual environmental change with abrupt shifts to an alternative state. We used a mathematical model of anoxic–oxic regime shifts and explored how trait diversity in three groups of bacteria influences resilience. We found that trait diversity did not always increase resilience: greater diversity in two of the groups increased but in one group decreased resilience of their preferred ecosystem state. We also found that simultaneous trait diversity in multiple groups often led to reduced or erased diversity effects. Overall, our results suggest that higher diversity can increase resilience but can also promote collapse when diversity occurs in a functional group that negatively influences the state it occurs in. We propose this mechanism as a potential management approach to facilitate the recovery of a desired ecosystem state.
Lending quality and contracts enforcement reforms
Authors: D'Apice Vincenzo , Fiordelisi Franco , Puopolo Giovanni W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigate the causal relationship between the efficiency of country's judicial system and the quality of bank lending, using the contracts enforcement reforms implemented in four European countries as a quasi‐natural experiment. We find that strengthening contracts enforcement determines large, significant and persistent reductions in banks' nonperforming loans. Our results have important policy implications: they point at judicial efficiency as a critical determinant of the stability of the banking sector and its resilience to adverse shocks such as the recent Covid‐19 pandemic.
Tree biodiversity of warm drylands is likely to decline in a drier world
Authors: Cartereau Manuel , Leriche Agathe , Médail Frédéric , Baumel Alex 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWarm drylands represent 19% of land surfaces worldwide and host ca. 1100 tree species. The risk of decline due to climate aridification of this neglected biodiversity has been overlooked despite its ecological and societal importance. To fill this gap, we assessed the risk of decline due to climate aridification of tree species in warm drylands based on spatialized occurrence data and climate models. We considered both species vulnerability and exposure, compared the risk of tree species decline across five bioregions and searched for phylogenetic correlates. Depending on the future climate model, from 44% to 88% of warm drylands' tree species will undergo climate aridification with a high risk of decline even under the most optimistic conditions. On a regional scale, the rate of species that will undergo climate aridification in the future varies from 21% in the Old World North, to 90% in Australia, with a risk of decline confirming the high level of risk predicted at the global scale. Using generalized linear mixed models, we found that, species more exposed to climate aridification will be more at risk, but also that species vulnerability is a key driver of their risk of decline. Indeed, the warm drylands specialist species will be less at risk due to climate aridification than species being marginal in warm drylands. We also found that the risk of decline is widespread across the main clades of the phylogeny and involves several evolutionary distinct species. Estimating a high risk of decline for numerous tree species in all warm drylands, including emblematic dryland endemics, our work warns that future increase in aridity could result in an extensive erosion of tree biodiversity in these ecosystems.
Breaking the plaster: Making do with the fragility of the body
Authors: Mandalaki Emmanouela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDrawing on a personal experience with temporary impairment following a foot bone fracture, I here reflect on forms of marginalization fragile bodies face under normative social and organizational structures. Combining reflexive narratives, poetry, art‐making, diary notes and open questions I ask myself and the reader, with feminist literature insights inspiring my thinking and writing, I seek to problematize taken for granted assumptions around usability and accessibility of objects and spaces in society and organizations. I discuss learnings I derived from this experience, developing their relevance for broader social, academic and political debates. Namely, I argue for the importance of rethinking embodied fragility as agility from which ableist environments might learn new practices. I also discuss slowness as well as engagement with embodied research methods, feminist reading and writing as redemptive getaways for making sense of embodied trauma in ways that resist social and epistemic norms that augment inequalities.
Incidence of hospital admissions in bioimpedance‐guided fluid management among maintenance hemodialysis patients—Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Stigger Kaiane , Ribeiro Larissa Ribas , Cordeiro Fernanda Moraez , Böhlke Maristela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionHemodialysis is life‐sustaining in kidney failure. However, proper regulation of body fluids depends on an accurate estimate of target weight. This trial aims to compare clinical endpoints between target weight estimation guided by bioimpedance spectroscopy and usual care in hemodialysis patients.MethodsThis is an open‐label, parallel‐group, controlled trial that randomized, through a table of random numbers, adult patients on maintenance hemodialysis to target weight estimation based on monthly clinical evaluation alone or added to evaluation by bioimpedance twice a year. The primary outcome was survival, and the secondary outcomes were the rate of hospital admissions, change in blood pressure (BP), and antihypertensive drugs load. Participants were followed for 2 years. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier estimator and Log‐rank test, and hospital admissions were analyzed by the incidence‐rate ratio.FindingsOne hundred and ten patients were randomized to the usual care (52) or bioimpedance (58) groups, with a mean age of 57.4 (15.4) years, 64 (58%) males. There was no difference between the groups at baseline. Survival was not significantly different between groups (log‐rank test p = 0.68), but the trial was underpowered for this outcome. There was also no difference between the groups in the change in systolic or diastolic BP or in the number of antihypertensive drugs being used. The incidence rate of hospital admissions was 3.1 and 2.1 per person‐year in usual care and bioimpedance groups, respectively, with a time‐adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.20–1.82, p = 0.0001) and attributable fraction of risk among exposed individuals of 0.32 (95% CI: 0.17–0.45).DiscussionThe inclusion of bioimpedance data to guide the estimation of target weight in hemodialysis patients had no detectable impact on survival or BP control, but significantly reduced the incidence rate of hospital admissions.The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05272800.
Characteristic geoepidemiology of primary biliary cholangitis in Taiwan: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Cheng Jur‐Shan , Chen Wei‐Ting , Ku Hsin‐Ping , Chien Rong‐Nan , Chang Ming‐Ling 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimData on the geoepidemiology and outcomes of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in Asia are limited; thus, we aimed to collect and assess this information for Taiwan.MethodsA nationwide population‐based cohort study was undertaken using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Primary biliary cholangitis was defined by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 571.6 based on alkaline phosphatase and antimitochondrial antibody measurements and ursodeoxycholic acid treatment.ResultsDuring 2002–2015, 2737 patients (2137 female patients; mean age, 57.78 years) had PBC. The average annual age‐ and sex‐adjusted prevalence and incidence rates of PBC were 8.092/105 and 1.148/105, respectively. Prevalent cases peaked in patients aged 50–59 years; the female‐to‐male ratio was 4.21. Annual prevalence rates increased with time (average percentage change, 12.03%; p < 0.0001). The annual incidence rates decreased with time (−7.39%; p = 0.000011) in female patients (−8.94%; p = 0.000003) but remained steady in male patients. Female‐to‐male and northern‐to‐southern relative risks of PBC incidence rates ranged from 2.2675 to 4.3318 and from 1.5707 to 3.1725, respectively. The 14‐year hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cumulative incidence was 9.11%, and the mortality rate was 32.44%; the cumulative incidences of dyslipidemia, thyroid disease, and extrahepatic cancers were 65.13%, 24.40%, and 12.79%, respectively. Higher cumulative incidences of HCC (p = 0.0064) and mortality (p < 0.0001) were noted in male than female PBC patients; southern Taiwan PBC patients had higher cumulative incidences of mortality (p < 0.0001) than their northern counterparts.ConclusionIn Taiwan, decreasing trends in incidence rates and the female‐to‐male ratio of PBC patients and specific sex and geographic impacts on the incidence rates and outcomes of PBC demand further investigation.
Using social media listening to understand barriers to genomic medicine for those living with Ehlers–Danlos syndromes and hypermobility spectrum disorders
Authors: Kline Erika , Garrett Amanda Leigh , Brownstein Catherine , Ziniel Sonja , Payton Erica , Goldin Aleah , Hoffman Kathleen , Chandler Judy , Weber Shani 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionTechnological improvements alone have not led to the integration of genomic medicine across a broad range of diseases and populations. For genomic medicine to be successfully implemented across specialties and conditions, the challenges patients and caregivers experience need to be identified using a multi‐faceted understanding of the context in which these obstacles occur and how they are experienced. Individuals affected by rare conditions, like Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD), express numerous challenges with accessing genomic medicine. Many patients living with rare diseases seek information and find comfort in online health communities.MethodsSocial media conversations facilitated through online health communities are windows into patients' and caregivers' authentic experiences. To date, no other study has examined genomic medicine barriers by analysing the content of social media posts, yet the novel methodological approach of social media listening permits the analysis of virtual, organic conversations about lived experiences.Results/ConclusionsUsing a modified social–ecological model, this study found that social–structural and interpersonal barriers most frequently impede access to genomic medicine for patients and caregivers living with EDS and HSD.Patient or Public ContributionData were retrieved through social media conversations facilitated through publicly accessible health communities through Inspire, an online health community. Social media listening permits the analysis of virtual, organic conversations about lived experiences.
Response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic of dental hygienists in South Korea—Part III: COVID‐19 vaccination intentions
Authors: Kim Han‐Na , Kim Jin‐Hee , Min Ji‐Hyun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study was to determine the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination intention of clinical dental hygienists in South Korea and the factors that influence vaccination intention.MethodsCOVID‐19 vaccination intention of the 500 participants was confirmed through a survey including the following options: ‘I will vaccinate (VAC)’, ‘I will not vaccinate (NoVAC)’ and ‘I do not know if I should get vaccinated (UNK)’. A Chi‐square test was performed to determine whether there were differences in COVID‐19 vaccination intention according to the general characteristics of the participants, degree of infection control knowledge (Score‐K) and practice (Score‐P) in response to COVID‐19, fears over COVID‐19 (Fear‐C) and the level of anxiety before (GADBefore) and after (GADAfter) the COVID‐19 pandemic. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify factors affecting VAC and NoVAC by setting the base category as UNK. The p‐values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsAccording to the analysis, 44.8%, 18.8% and 36.4% of participants selected VAC, NoVAC and UNK respectively. There were significant differences in vaccination intention according to age, monthly income, residential area, symptoms related to COVID‐19, Score‐K, Fear‐C and GADBefore. Compared to UNK, < $2000 monthly income, Score‐K and Fear‐C variables significantly influenced the opinion of VAC. Compared to the answer UNK, monthly incomes of $2000 to $2360 and $2360 to $2730 in residential areas significantly influenced the opinion of NoVAC.ConclusionsThe variables influencing vaccination intention were monthly income, residential area, Score‐K and Fear‐C.
Improving oral health of adolescent girls in Kenya through education – An observational study
Authors: de Paiva Buischi Yvonne , de Campos Kajimoto Natália , Funari Sergio Luis , Kimathi Mwongera , Loomer Peter Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesDental caries and periodontal diseases are significant health concerns in developing nations. This study assessed the impact of a comprehensive oral health education program on adolescent girls in rural Kenya.MethodsEighty‐seven girls aged 13–18 years attending school in rural Nanyuki, Kenya, were enrolled in the study. The comprehensive program included personalized oral hygiene training, education and health advocacy coaching. Dental caries, gingival inflammation and dental plaque biofilm were assessed at baseline, 1‐ and 2.5‐year post‐implementation.ResultsThe intervention was highly effective in arresting pre‐existing carious lesions and preventing the formation of new ones in this population. The data revealed that there was a significant remineralization of incipient caries lesion, as shown by decreases in modified ICCMS™ scores from baseline to 1‐year post‐implementation. From baseline to the 2.5‐year post‐implementation assessment, only six new carious lesions developed. Dental plaque biofilm was reduced by 83.6%, and gingival inflammation was reduced by 81.6%.ConclusionA comprehensive oral health program, which included behavioural awareness and educational approaches, resulted in significant positive oral health outcomes in caries, dental plaque biofilm and gingival inflammation.
The employer perspective on wage law non‐compliance: State of the field and a framework for new understanding
Authors: Clibborn Stephen , Hanna‐Osborne Sally 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article offers the first systematic review of empirical research addressing the question of why employers underpay their employees, from the perspective of employers themselves – a perspective largely missing from scholarly examination of wage law non‐compliance. We conducted a comprehensive search of the vast peer‐reviewed literature on the topic, identifying studies which collected and analyzed primary data from employers regarding why they breached wage laws. A review of these studies identified four broad types of explanation offered by employers relating to financial viability, perceived consequences of non‐compliance, ethical and normative rationalization, and the role of external actors. We propose a research agenda and theoretical framework based on the key empirical, methodological and theoretical gaps which remain in understanding why employers underpay their employees, and discuss how this agenda can inform policy interventions designed to ameliorate the problem.
Spatial and temporal changes in biophysical skin parameters over a category I pressure ulcer
Authors: Abiakam Nkemjika S. , Jayabal Hemalatha , Filingeri Davide , Bader Dan L. , Worsley Peter R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn acute care facilities, the detection of pressure ulcers (PUs) relies on visual and manual examination of the patient's skin, which has been reported to be inconsistent and may lead to misdiagnosis. In skin and wound research, various biophysical parameters have been extensively employed to monitor changes in skin health. Nonetheless, the transition of these measures into care settings as part of a routine clinical assessment has been limited. This study was designed to examine the spatial and temporal changes in skin biophysical parameters over the site of a category I PU, in a cohort of hospitalised patients. Thirty patients, each presenting with a category I PU, were enrolled in the study. Skin integrity was assessed at the PU‐compromised site and two adjacent areas (5 and 10 cm away). Data was collected over three sessions to examine both temporal differences and longitudinal changes. Skin integrity was assessed using two biophysical parameters, namely, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum (SC) hydration. In addition, the influence of intrinsic factors, namely, incontinence and mobility status, on the parameters was evaluated. TEWL values at the sites compromised by PU were statistically significantly greater (P < .001) than corresponding values at the adjacent control sites at 5 and 10 cm, which were consistent with a normative range (<20 g/h/m2). By contrast, SC hydration values did not reveal clear distinctions between the three sites, with high inter‐patient variation detected at the sites. Nevertheless, individual profiles were consistent across the three sessions, and the PU site was observed to be either abnormally dry or overhydrated in different individuals. No consistent temporal trend in either parameter was evident. However, intrinsic factors were shown to influence the parameters, with females, bedridden and incontinent patients presenting significantly higher TEWL and SC hydration values (P < .05). TEWL was able to identify differences in skin responses at skin sites compromised with a category I PU when compared to healthy adjacent skin sites. Accordingly, this parameter could be included in the clinical assessment for the identification of PU risk. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of hydration and skin barrier function in the development of PUs and their ability to monitor temporal changes in skin integrity.