bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job loss negatively impacts the mental health of working Medicaid beneficiaries
Authors: Li Yixuan , Zeger Scott L. , Elmi Angelo , Wilder Marcee E. , McCarthy Melissa L. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Few have studied the relationship between employment and health in the Medicaid population. The purpose of this study is to estimate the impact of job loss on the mental health of working Medicaid beneficiaries.

Design/methodology/approach
This study conducted a post hoc analysis of 1,538 adult Medicaid beneficiaries enrolled in a prospective cohort study. The authors matched participants who lost their job to participants who remained employed based on demographics, illness severity and social determinants of health. The authors estimated the effect of job loss on the odds of a diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety and self-reported mental health during a one-year follow-up period, stratified by prior history of depression and/or anxiety as documented in the Medicaid claims.

Findings
Among participants with no preexisting depression or anxiety, the incidence of depression or anxiety was 17% versus 7% (aOR = 2.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.88 to 4.34) between those who lost versus kept their job, respectively, and the mean difference in self-reported mental health was −4.3 (95% CI: −6.02 to −2.58). Self-reported mental health was also poorer between those who lost versus kept their job among participants with preexisting depression and/or anxiety (x = −4.78 (95% CI: −8.90 to −0.66).

Research limitations/implications
Limitations of this study are as follows: we may not have matched on all factors that influence retaining a job; we do not distinguish between involuntary and voluntary job loss; generalizability is limited; and employment information is based on self-report.

Practical implications
Our society should invest more resources into supporting low-wage workers such as Medicaid beneficiaries.

Social implications
Active labor policies that connect people to jobs, help them retain their job and support skills training to secure a better quality job, could reduce health disparities in the Medicaid population.

Originality/value
Use of both claims and self-reported mental health information to evaluate the impact of job loss on working Medicaid beneficiaries.
Mandatory gender quotas: the impact on board and committee meetings
Authors: Mazza Tatiana , Furlotti Katia , Medioli Alice , Tibiletti Veronica 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
This study aims to test whether the introduction of a gender quota impacts functioning of boards of directors and internal committees thanks to female capacity in effort norms, cognitive conflicts and use of skills.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a difference-in-differences method to trace the staggered mandatory adoption of gender quotas on boards on Italian listed firms, representing the regulative institution pillar of institutional theory.

Findings
This paper find that mandatory adopter firms have more frequent internal committee meetings and less frequent board of directors’ meetings after the introduction of the law. This confirms that the regulation re-prioritizes work in internal committees, thanks to women effort, capacity to resolution and use of skills.

Originality/value
This research provides empirical evidence on female contribution and on the impact that a specific mandatory regulation, as regulative institutional pillar, can have on board organization, showing how gender characteristics influence board functioning in terms of meetings.
Prevalence of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and mental health conditions among an alopecia areata cohort from a US administrative claims database
Authors: George Prethibha , Jagun Oladayo , Liu Qing , Wentworth Charles , Napatalung Lynne , Wolk Robert , Anway Susan , Zwillich Samuel H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is associated with an increased burden of autoimmune and inflammatory disease and mental health conditions that may have a negative impact on quality of life. However, the exact burden of comorbidities on US patients with AA and the clinical subtypes alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU) compared with those without AA is not well understood. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the incidence rates and prevalence of AA and its clinical subtypes and examine the autoimmune and inflammatory disease and mental health condition diagnosis burden in US patients with AA and a matched cohort without AA. The Optum Clinformatics Data Mart database was used to select patients aged ≥12 years enrolled between October 1, 2016, and September 30, 2020, who had two or more AA diagnosis codes for the AA cohort. Three patients without AA were age‐, sex‐, and race‐matched to each patient with AA. Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and mental health conditions were evaluated at baseline and up to 2 years after the index date. In total, 8784 patients with AA (599 with AT/AU) and 26 352 matched patients without AA were included. The incidence rate of AA was 17.5 per 100 000 person‐years (PY; AT/AU: 1.1 per 100 000 PY; non‐AT/AU: 16.3 per 100 000 PY), and the prevalence was 54.9 per 100 000 persons (AT/AU: 3.8; non‐AT/AU: 51.2). Patients with AA had a higher prevalence of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases than the matched non‐AA cohort, including allergic rhinitis (24.0% vs 14.5%), asthma (12.8% vs 8.8%), atopic dermatitis (8.3% vs 1.8%), and psoriasis (5.0% vs. 1.6%). The proportions of anxiety (30.7% vs 21.6%) and major depressive disorder (17.5% vs 14.0%) were higher in patients with AA than those without AA. Patients with AT/AU generally had a greater prevalence of autoimmune and inflammatory disease and mental health conditions than patients with non‐AT/AU AA.
Testing for intersectional measurement invariance with the alignment method: Evaluation of the 8‐item patient health questionnaire
Authors: Cintron Dakota W. , Matthay Ellicott C. , McCoach D. Betsy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate the use of the alignment method to evaluate whether surveys function similarly (i.e., have evidence of measurement invariance) across culturally diverse intersectional groups. Intersectionality theory recognizes the interconnected nature of social categories such as race, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.Data SourcesA total of 30,215 American adult's responses to the eight‐item Patient Health Questionnaire depression assessment scale (PHQ‐8) from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).Study DesignUsing the alignment method, we examined the measurement invariance (equivalence) of the PHQ‐8 depression assessment scale across 16 intersectional subgroups defined at the intersection of age (under 52, 52 and older), gender (male, female), race (Black, non‐Black), and education (no bachelor's degree, bachelor's degree).Principal FindingsOverall, 24% of the factor loadings and 5% of the item intercepts showed evidence of differential functioning across one or more of the intersectional groups. These levels fall beneath the benchmark of 25% suggested for determining measurement invariance with the alignment method.ConclusionsThe results of the alignment study suggest that the PHQ‐8 functions similarly across the intersectional groups examined, despite some evidence of different factor loadings and item intercepts in some groups (i.e., noninvariance). By examining measurement invariance through an intersectional lens, researchers can investigate how a person's multiple identities and social positions possibly contribute to their response behavior on an assessment scale.
Location of pathogenic variants in PSEN1 impacts progression of cognitive, clinical, and neurodegenerative measures in autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Schultz Stephanie A. , Shirzadi Zahra , Schultz Aaron P. , Liu Lei , Fitzpatrick Colleen D. , McDade Eric , Barthelemy Nicolas R. , Renton Alan , Esposito Bianca , Joseph‐Mathurin Nelly , Cruchaga Carlos , Chen Charles D. , Goate Alison , Allegri Ricardo Francisco , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Berman Sarah , Chui Helena C. , Fagan Anne M. , Farlow Martin R. , Fox Nick C. , Gordon Brian A. , Day Gregory S. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Hassenstab Jason J. , Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Hofmann Anna , Jack Clifford R. , Jucker Mathias , Karch Celeste M. , Koeppe Robert A. , Lee Jae‐Hong , Levey Allan I. , Levin Johannes , Martins Ralph N. , Mori Hiroshi , Morris John C. , Noble James , Perrin Richard J. , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Salloway Stephen P. , Sanchez‐Valle Raquel , Schofield Peter R. , Xiong Chengjie , Johnson Keith A. , Bateman Randall J. , Sperling Reisa A. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. ,   the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Investigators
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough pathogenic variants in PSEN1 leading to autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD) are highly penetrant, substantial interindividual variability in the rates of cognitive decline and biomarker change are observed in ADAD. We hypothesized that this interindividual variability may be associated with the location of the pathogenic variant within PSEN1. PSEN1 pathogenic variant carriers participating in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) observational study were grouped based on whether the underlying variant affects a transmembrane (TM) or cytoplasmic (CY) protein domain within PSEN1. CY and TM carriers and variant non‐carriers (NC) who completed clinical evaluation, multimodal neuroimaging, and lumbar puncture for collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as part of their participation in DIAN were included in this study. Linear mixed effects models were used to determine differences in clinical, cognitive, and biomarker measures between the NC, TM, and CY groups. While both the CY and TM groups were found to have similarly elevated Aβ compared to NC, TM carriers had greater cognitive impairment, smaller hippocampal volume, and elevated phosphorylated tau levels across the spectrum of pre‐symptomatic and symptomatic phases of disease as compared to CY, using both cross‐sectional and longitudinal data. As distinct portions of PSEN1 are differentially involved in APP processing by γ‐secretase and the generation of toxic β‐amyloid species, these results have important implications for understanding the pathobiology of ADAD and accounting for a substantial portion of the interindividual heterogeneity in ongoing ADAD clinical trials.
Alasdair MacIntyre and Adam Smith on markets, virtues and ends in a capitalist economy
Authors: Oslington Paul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, Alasdair MacIntyre has developed a style of moral philosophy and an argument for Neo‐Aristotelian virtue ethics that has deeply influenced business ethics. Most of the work inspired by MacIntyre has dealt with individual and organisational dimensions of business ethics rather than the market economic environment in which individuals and organisations operate. MacIntyre has been a fierce critic of capitalism and economics. He has read Adam Smith an advocate of selfish individualism, rule‐based ethics and the banishment of teleology. This reading is seriously defective, and Smith in fact offers much of what MacIntyre calls for in economics. MacIntyre's ethical framework can be made more powerful and useful to business ethicists by incorporating Smithian insights, especially Smith's account of market virtues and teleological account of markets as extended cooperation directed towards the common good of wealth creation. Aside from issues of the interpretation of MacIntyre and Smith, this analysis opens new pathways for dialogue between business ethicists and economists.
Trends in mandibular fractures in the USA: A 20‐year retrospective analysis
Authors: Adik Kevin , Lamb Patrick , Moran Mary , Childs Dylan , Francis Ashish , Vinyard Christopher J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground/AimThe mandible is one of the most fractured bones in the maxillofacial region. This study analyzes trends in mandibular fracture patterns, demographics, and mechanisms since the early 2000s.Material and MethodsMandibular fractures were reviewed from the 2007, 2011, and 2017 National Trauma Data Bank including 13,142, 17,057, and 20,391 patients by year, respectively. This database contains hundreds of thousands of patients annually and represents the largest trauma registry in the United States. Variables included number of fractures, sex, age, injury mechanism, and fracture location. Mechanism of injury included assault, motor vehicle crash, fall, motorcycle, bicycle, pedestrian, and firearm. Anatomic locations based on ICD‐9/10 codes included symphysis, ramus, condyle, condylar process, body, angle, and coronoid process. Frequencies were compared using Chi‐square tests of homogeneity with effect sizes estimated using Cramer's V.ResultsMandibular fractures represent 2%–2.5% of all traumas reported in the database from 2001 to 2017. The proportion of patients sustaining a single reported mandibular fracture decreased from 82% in 2007 to 63% in 2017. Males consistently experienced 78%–80% of fractures. Eighteen to 54‐year‐olds experienced the largest percentages of fractures throughout the 21st century, while median age of fracture shifted from 28 to 32 between 2007 and 2017. The most common fracture mechanisms were assault (42% [2001–2005]–37% [2017]), motor vehicle crash (31%–22%) followed by falls (15%–20%). From 2001–2005 to 2017, a decrease was observed in assaults (−5%) and motor vehicle crash (−9%) and an increase in falls (+5%), particularly among elderly females. The mandibular body, condyle, angle, and symphysis represent approximately two‐thirds of all fractures without a consistent temporal trend among them.ConclusionsThe temporal trends observed can be linked to shifting age demographics nationally that may aid clinicians in diagnosis and inform public safety policies aimed at reducing these injuries, particularly among the growing elderly population.
Public agency resilience in times of democratic backsliding: Structure, collaboration and professional standards
Authors: Stauffer Bettina , Sager Fritz , Kuenzler Johanna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article investigates how organizational structure, collaboration, and professional standards influence the resilience of public agencies facing adversity. It links organizational reputation and blame avoidance literature with resilience and collaboration literature. We use the case of the Swiss Child and Adult Protection Agencies (CAPA), which faced massive media attacks. We apply a qualitative research design analyzing data from interviews and participatory observations. Our findings show that professional organizational structure, collaboration and standards are three interrelated factors that increase resilience against adversity. In particular, these factors reduce “blame‐avoiding policy implementation” (BAPI), which is a coping strategy where street‐level bureaucrats (SLB) exploit their discretion to make policy implementation less blameworthy. In their interplay, professional organizational structure, collaboration and standards increase the knowledge of a public agency about a particular situation because they enable better‐informed decisions through collective deliberation practices, and strengthens the collective ownership as well as the individual SLB's confidence that the right decision is being made.
Service user involvement in mental health service commissioning, development and delivery: A systematic review of service level outcomes
Authors: Ezaydi Naseeb , Sheldon Elena , Kenny Alex , Buck Elizabeth Taylor , Weich Scott 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionService user involvement is increasingly considered essential in mental health service development and delivery. However, the impact of this involvement on services is not well documented. We aimed to understand how user involvement shapes service commissioning, development and delivery, and if/how this leads to improved service‐level outcomes.MethodsA systematic review of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE databases) was undertaken in June and November 2022 for studies that incorporated patient involvement in service development, and reported service‐level outcomes. Included studies were synthesised into a logic model based on inputs (method of involvement), activities (changes to service) and outputs (indicators of improvement). PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis) guidelines were followed when conducting this review.ResultsFrom 10,901 records identified, nine studies were included, of which six were judged to have used co‐production or co‐design approaches. Included studies described service user involvement ranging from consultation to co‐production. We identified a range of outputs associated with service user involvement in service planning and delivery, and reported these in the form of a logic model. These service‐level outputs included improved treatment accessibility, increased referrals and greater service user satisfaction. Longer‐term outcomes were rarely reported and hence it was difficult to establish whether outputs are sustained.ConclusionMore extensive forms of involvement, namely, co‐design and co‐production, were associated with more positive and substantial outputs in regard to service effectiveness than more limited involvement methods. However, lived experience contributions highlighted service perception outputs may be valued more highly by service users than professionals and therefore should be considered equally important when evaluating service user involvement. Although evidence of longer term outcomes was scarce, meaningful involvement of service users in service planning and delivery appeared to improve the quality of mental health services.Patient or Public ContributionMembers of a lived experience advisory panel contributed to the review findings, which were co‐authored by a peer researcher. Review findings were also presented to stakeholders including service users and mental health professionals.
Infrastructuring repatriation: The Philippine sending state and the return of migrant workers caught in disruptions
Authors: Liao Karen Anne S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent crises signal a timely consideration of how sending state regimes can be understood in their complexity beyond the dominant themes of labour brokerage and export in existing literature. This article calls for an expanded analysis of sending states by attending to their understudied role in disruption‐induced returns, particularly in repatriation. Examining the case of the Philippines, it argues that the interplay of actors, institutions and policies in the sending country not only systematically deploys Filipino migrant workers, but also configures a repatriation infrastructure that mediates their return during crises and distress situations. Based on qualitative interviews with over 30 repatriation actors, the study analyses how regulatory, collaborative and adaptive interactions within the infrastructure facilitate migrant returns but also trigger critical challenges and complications. The discussion shows how repatriation figures in the workings of the sending state, shaped by a dynamic assemblage of power relations with shifting operations in migration governance.
Culture‐negative Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis diagnosed by 16s ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction in an immunocompetent veterinarian and a review of the literature
Authors: Lam Jeng H. , Horvath Robert , Amodeo Matthew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCapnocytophaga canimorsus is a fastidious, capnophilic and facultative anaerobic Gram‐negative rod found commonly in the oral flora of dogs that may cause zoonotic infections such as cellulitis and eye infections. In immunocompromised patients, it may cause fulminant sepsis. Meningitis due to C. canimorsus is, however, a rare manifestation. This is the first reported case of C. canimorsus meningitis in Australia in an immunocompetent veterinarian diagnosed by 16s ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction.
Clinical and cost effectiveness of a system for turning and positioning intensive care unit patients, when compared to usual care turning and positioning devices, for the prevention of hospital‐acquired pressure injuries. A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kapp Suzanne , Gerdtz Marie , Gefen Amit , Padula William , Alves Paulo , Trevellini Chenel , Ghosh Angaj , Shea Ashley , Cross Anthony , Sousa Ines , Santamaria Nick 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPressure injuries affect 13.1% to 45.5% of patients in the intensive care unit and lead to pain and discomfort for patients, burden on healthcare providers, and unnecessary cost to the health system. Turning and positioning systems offer improvements on usual care devices, however the evidence of the effectiveness of such systems is still emerging. We conducted an investigator initiated, prospective, single centre, two group, non‐blinded, randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of a system for turning and positioning intensive care unit patients, when compared to usual care turning and positioning devices, for preventing PIs. The trial was prematurely discontinued after enrolment of 78 participants due to COVID‐19 pandemic related challenges and lower than expected enrolment rate. The study groups were comparable on baseline characteristics and adherence to the interventions was high. Four participants developed a PI (in the sacral, ischial tuberosity or buttock region), n = 2 each in the intervention and control group. Each participant developed one PI. As the trial is underpowered, these findings do not provide an indication of the clinical effectiveness of the interventions. There was no participant drop‐out or withdrawal and there were no adverse events, device deficiencies, or adverse device effects identified or reported. The results of our study (in particular those pertaining to enrolment, intervention adherence and safety) provide considerations for future trials that seek to investigate how to prevent PIs among ICU patients.
Surgical site wound infection and wound pain after video‐assisted thoracoscopy in patients with lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Ren Zhiguo , Gao Xiwen , Zhou Xiaohui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA meta‐analysis was performed to comprehensively assess the effects of video‐assisted thoracoscopy on surgical site wound infection and wound pain in patients with lung cancer. Studies on video‐assisted thoracoscopy for lung cancer were collected from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wanfang database, from inception to January 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Thirty‐one articles with a total of 3608 patients were included, with 1809 in the video‐assisted thoracoscopy group and 1799 in the control group. Compared with the control group, video‐assisted thoracoscopy significantly reduced surgical site wound infection (odds ratio: 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14–0.33, P < .001) and surgical site wound pain at postoperative day 1 (standardised mean difference [SMD]: −0.90, 95% CI: −1.17 to −0.64, P < .001) and postoperative day 3 (SMD: −1.59, 95% CI: −2.25 to −0.92, P < .001). Thus, these results showed that video‐assisted thoracoscopy may have beneficial outcomes by reducing surgical site wound infection and pain. However, owing to the large variation in sample sizes and some methodological shortcomings, further validation is needed in future studies with higher quality and larger sample sizes.