bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal associations between different types of screen use and depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents
Authors: Mougharbel Fatima , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Sampasa-Kanyinga Hugues , Colman Ian , Leatherdale Scott T. , Patte Karen A. , Goldfield Gary S. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundEvidence examining the longitudinal associations between different types of screen behaviours and mental health among adolescents is limited. The present study examined the association between five types of screen behaviours and symptoms of anxiety and depression one year later. This study also assessed how changes in screen time were associated with changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms and whether the observed relationships were moderated by sex.MethodsLongitudinal data of 17,174 students in grades 9–12 (53.5% females; mean age: 15.1 ± 0.9 years) attending high schools in Canada from two waves (year 6: 2017/18, year 7: 2018/19) of the COMPASS study were analyzed. Leisure screen time and mental health measures were self-reported. To test if the associations between screen time and anxiety, and depression vary by sex, two-way interactions were examined for sex. Analyses accounted for school clustering, race/ethnicity, sex, age, income, body mass index z-score, and previous year anxiety and depression symptoms.ResultsThere were significant longitudinal associations between time spent on each type of screen and subsequent anxiety and depression symptoms. The strength of the associations varied by type of screen behaviour. Interaction analysis indicated a sex difference for television viewing and anxiety and depression symptoms, and internet surfing and anxiety symptoms. A dose-response relationship was observed between phone talking and anxiety symptoms. Beta estimates indicated that an increase in screen duration was associated with a further increase in anxiety and depression symptoms.ConclusionHigher screen time was longitudinally associated with higher anxiety and depression symptoms at one-year follow-up in adolescents. Time-change associations between screen usage and depressive and anxiety symptoms were observed. Also, associations differed based on sex and screen type, whereby greater increases in screen use predicted greater emotional distress. Findings from this prospective analysis suggest that screen time is an important determinant of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Future studies are recommended to help inform programs promoting screen time reduction with a goal to enhance adolescents’ mental health.
Relationships between antibiotic exposure and asthma in adults in the United States: results of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2018
Authors: Li Shaoli , Chen Feilong , Huang Chunlei , Huang Guimin , Cheng Yijing , Li Tao , Hou Dongqing , Liu Wenqian , Xu Tao , Liu Junting 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between antibiotic exposure and asthma in adults in the United States.MethodsData was obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 1999 and 2018. A total of 51,124 participants were included, excluding those who were aged &lt; 20 years, female participants who were pregnant, and individuals who did not complete the prescription medications questionnaire and the medical conditions questionnaire regarding asthma status. Antibiotic exposure was defined as the utilization of antibiotics within the past 30 days, categorized based on the Multum Lexicon Plus therapeutic classification system. Asthma was defined as having a history of asthma or having an asthma attack or wheezing symptoms in the past year.ResultsThe risk of asthma was found to be 2.557 (95% CI: 1.811, 3.612), 1.547 (95% CI: 1.190, 2.011) and 2.053 (95% CI: 1.344, 3.137) times greater in participants who had used macrolide derivatives, penicillin and quinolones in the past 30 days, respectively, compared with those not using antibiotics. After adjusting for demographic covariates and asthma-related factors, only macrolides derivatives were significantly associated with asthma in the 20–40 and 40–60 age groups. For individuals over 60 years old, quinolones were significantly associated with asthma. The effect of different types of antibiotic with asthma varied in male and female populations. Moreover, higher socioeconomic status, greater BMI, younger age, smoking habits, history of infection, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and family history of asthma were all identified as risk factors for asthma.ConclusionOur study indicated that three types of antibiotics were significantly associated with asthma in different subgroups of the population. Therefore, the use of antibiotics should be more strictly regulated.
Regular consumption of pickled vegetables and fermented bean curd reduces the risk of diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Cai Yulan , Yang Xiaoxia , Chen Siju , Tian Kunming , Xu Suowen , Deng Renli , Chen Min , Yang Yan , Liu Tao 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThe global incidence of diabetes is rising, in part due to the widespread adoption of poor dietary habits. Fermented vegetables have numerous health benefits and are generally affordable. Here, we examined whether regular consumption of pickled vegetables or fermented bean curd reduces the risk of diabetes.MethodsA total of 9,280 adults (≥18 years of age) were recruited via multi-stage sampling from 48 townships in China between 2010 and 2012 for this 10-year prospective study. In addition to demographic information, monthly consumption levels of pickled vegetables and fermented bean curd were recorded. Participants were then monitored for diabetes onset. After the final follow-up, logistic regression analyses with multiple covariant corrections were conducted to estimate the changes in diabetes risk associated with consumption of pickled vegetables and fermented bean curd compared to non-consumption.ResultsA total of 6,640 subjects without diabetes at the start of the study were followed up for a median period of 6.49 years, among whom 714 were diagnosed with diabetes during the study. According to a regression model with multivariable adjustment, diabetes risk was significantly reduced by consumption of 0–0.5 kg/month of pickled vegetables (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.94) and further reduced by consumption of &gt;0.5 kg/month of pickled vegetables (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.60) compared to no consumption (both P-trend &lt; 0.001). Consumption of fermented bean curd also reduced diabetes risk (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.84).ConclusionRegular consumption of pickled vegetables and/or fermented bean curd can reduce the long-term risk of diabetes.
Unsolved problems: Mesoscale polar cap flow channels’ structure, propagation, and effects on space weather disturbances
Authors: Lyons Larry R. , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Liu Jiang , Zou Ying , Bristow William A. , Yadav Sneha , Donovan Eric , Nishitani Nozomu , Shiokawa Kazuo , Hosokawa Keisuke 
Published: April 2023

Dynamic mesoscale flow structures move across the open field line regions of the polar caps and then enter the nightside plasma sheet where they can cause important space weather disturbances, such as streamers, substorms, and omega bands. The polar cap structures have long durations (apparently at least ∼1½ to 2 h), but their connections to disturbances have received little attention. Hence, it will be important to uncover what causes these flow enhancement channels, how they map to the magnetospheric and magnetosheath structures, and what controls their propagation across the polar cap and their dynamic effects after reaching the nightside auroral oval. The examples presented here use 630-nm auroral and radar observations and indicate that the motion of flow channels could be critical for determining when and where a particular disturbance within the nightside auroral oval will be triggered, and this could be included for full understanding of flow channel connections to disturbances. Also, it is important to determine how polar cap flow channels lead to flow channels within the auroral oval, i.e., the plasma sheet, and determine the conditions along nightside oval/plasma sheet field lines that interact with an incoming polar cap flow channel to cause a particular disturbance. It will also be interesting to consider the generality of geomagnetic disturbances being related to connections with incoming polar cap flow channels, including the location, time, and type of disturbances, and whether the duration and expansion of disturbances are related to flow channel duration and to multiple flow channels.
Assessment of batch culture conditions for cyanobacterial propagation for a bioreactor in space
Authors: Fahrion Jana , Dussap Claude Gilles , Leys Natalie 
Published: April 2023

One important point in human space exploration is the reliable air, water and food production for the space crew, less dependent from cargo supply. Bioregenerative life support systems aim to overcome this challenge. The life support program MELiSSA of the European Space Agency uses the cyanobacterium Limnospira indica for air revitalization and food production. In the Space flight experiments ArtEMISS-B and -C, L. indica is tested on the International Space Station. In this study we elucidate which conditions are most favorable for cell propagation from inoculum to a full culture in space to enable a high final biomass concentration, with high pigment composition for an efficient bioprocess. We found that lower light intensities (36–75 µmol photons m-2 s-1) show higher maximum biomass densities and higher pigment contents than cultures grown above 100 µmol photons m-2 s-1. 36 μmol photons m-2 s-1 resulted in maximum biomass concentrations of 3.36 ± 0.15 g L-1 (23 °C), while cultures grown at 140 µmol photons m-2 s-1 only achieved concentrations of 0.82 ± 0.10 g L-1 (25°C) (−75.8%). Colder temperatures (21°C–25°C) showed a negative effect on the pigment content. At 36 µmol photons m-2 s-1, a temperature of 30°C gave a phycocyanin concentration of 0.122 ± 0.014 g g DW-1 and 23°C resulted in 0.030 ± 0.003 g g DW-1 (−75.4%). In conclusion, a low light intensity (36–80 µmol photons m-2 s-1) in combination with warm temperature (30°C–34°C) is optimal to obtain cultures with high pigment contents and high biomass concentrations in a batch culture.
Case report: Thymoid differentiated carcinoma of thyroid: Two cases
Authors: Zhao Yanjie , Liu Jiafeng 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThymoid carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a rare thyroid tumor, which is often presented in case reports.MethodsThe clinical data of two patients with thymic carcinoma of the thyroid gland were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsCase 1: a middle-aged woman who was admitted to the hospital because of “progressive enlargement of the anterior cervical mass for 8 months.” Color Doppler ultrasound and CT showed malignant tumor with high possibility of bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis. Total thyroidectomy and bilateral central cervical lymph node dissection were performed. Lymph node biopsy showed the metastasis of small cell undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma. Because the biopsy pathological result was not consistent with the pathology of the primary lesion, immunohistochemistry was performed again, and the final diagnosis was thymic carcinoma in the thyroid gland. Case 2: the patient was an elderly man who was admitted to the hospital due to hoarseness for half a month. During the operation, the tumor invaded the trachea, esophagus, internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, and surrounding tissues. Palliative resection of the tumor was performed. The tumor postoperative pathology suggested thymoid carcinoma of the thyroid gland. It recurred and compressed the trachea 4 months after the operation, resulting in dyspnea of the patient, and finally tracheotomy was performed to alleviate the symptoms.ConclusionCase 1 showed multiple differences in pathological diagnosis, suggesting that the lack of specific imaging and clinical manifestations of thymoid-differentiated thyroid carcinoma made the diagnosis so difficult. Case 2 progressed rapidly, suggesting that thymoid-differentiated thyroid carcinoma was not always inert, and the treatment and follow-up should follow the principle of individualization.
Biological Activities of Lamiaceae Species: Bio-Guided Isolation of Active Metabolites from Salvia officinalis L.
Authors: Tsitsigianni Eleni , Tomou Ekaterina-Michaela , Almpani Chara , Rallis Michail Ch. , Skaltsa Helen 
Published: April 2023

Lamiaceae family includes various medicinal and aromatic plants used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. The present study aimed to investigate in vitro the cytotoxic, photoprotective and antioxidant activities of ten Lamiaceae taxa; Melissa officinalis subsp. altissima (Sm.) Arcang., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Sideritis cypria Post, S. euboea Heldr., S. perfoliata L. subsp. perfoliata, S. scardica Griseb., S. sipylea Boiss., Stachys iva Griseb., and Thymus vulgaris L. The aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis was bio-guided fractionated to obtain the main bioactive metabolites, which were evaluated for the aforementioned effects and their wound-healing potential. In total, five compounds were isolated and identified through NMR spectra, namely salvianic acid A, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid K, luteolin-3′-O-β-D-glucuronide and hispidulin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide. All the compounds were photoprotective and non cytotoxic, while no statistically significant oxidative stress reduction was obtained. Regarding the wound-healing potential, salvianolic acid K was the most promising candidate. Overall, this study suggests photoprotective natural agents from various Lamiaceae species, widely found in Greece, and provides a better insight into Salvia officinalis and its bioactive constituents.
Aerobiology of the Wheat Blast Pathogen: Inoculum Monitoring and Detection of Fungicide Resistance Alleles
Authors: Vicentini Samara Nunes Campos , Hawkins Nichola J. , King Kevin M. , Moreira Silvino Intra , de Paiva Custódio Adriano Augusto , Leite Júnior Rui Pereira , Portalanza Diego , Garcés-Fiallos Felipe Rafael , Krug Loane Dantas , West Jonathan S. , Fraaije Bart A. , De Jesus Júnior Waldir Cintra , Ceresini Paulo Cezar 
Published: April 2023

Wheat blast, caused by the ascomycetous fungus Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl), is mainly controlled by fungicide use, but resistance to the main fungicide groups—sterol demethylase (DMI), quinone outside (QoI), and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI)—has been reported in Brazil. In order to rationalize fungicide inputs (e.g., choice, timing, dose-rate, spray number, and mixing/alternation) for managing wheat blast, we describe a new monitoring tool, enabling the quantitative measurement of pathogen’s inoculum levels and detection of fungicide resistance alleles. Wheat blast airborne spores (aerosol populations) were monitored at Londrina in Paraná State, a major wheat cropping region in Brazil, using an automated high-volume cyclone coupled with a lab-based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. The objectives of our study were as follows: (1) to monitor the amount of PoTl airborne conidia during 2019–2021 based on DNA detection, (2) to reveal the prevalence of QoI resistant (QoI-R) cytochrome b alleles in aerosol populations of wheat blast, and (3) to determine the impact of weather on the dynamics of wheat blast aerosol populations and spread of QoI resistant alleles. PoTl inoculum was consistently detected in aerosols during the wheat cropping seasons from 2019 to 2021, but amounts varied significantly between seasons, with highest amounts detected in 2019. High peaks of PoTl DNA were also continuously detected during the off-season in 2020 and 2021. The prevalence of QoI resistant (QoI-R) cytochrome b G143A alleles in aerosol populations was also determined for a subset of 10 PoTl positive DNA samples with frequencies varying between 10 and 91% using a combination of PCR-amplification and SNP detection pyrosequencing. Statistically significant but low correlations were found between the levels of pathogen and the weather variables. In conclusion, for wheat blast, this system provided prior detection of airborne spore levels of the pathogen and of the prevalence of fungicide resistance alleles.
Application of Lactobacillus reuteri B1/1 (Limosilactobacillus reuteri) Improves Immunological Profile of the Non-Carcinogenic Porcine-Derived Enterocytes
Authors: Karaffová Viera , Teleky Jana , Pintarič Maša , Langerholc Tomaž , Mudroňová Dagmar , Hudec Erik , Ševčíková Zuzana 
Published: April 2023

In our previous studies, Lactobacillus reuteri B1/1, which was renamed Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), was able to modulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other components of the innate immune response in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri B1/1 in two concentrations (1 × 107 and 1 × 109 CFU) on the metabolic activity, adherence ability and relative gene expression of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18), lumican and olfactomedin 4 produced by non-carcinogenic porcine-derived enterocytes (CLAB). CLAB cells were cultured in a 12-well cell culture plate at a concentration of 4 × 105 cells/well in DMEM medium in a controlled humidified atmosphere for 48 h. A 1 mL volume of each probiotic bacterial suspension was added to the CLAB cells. Plates were incubated for 2 h and 4 h. Our results revealed that L. reuteri B1/1 was able to adhere to CLAB cells in sufficient numbers in both concentrations. In particular, the concentration of 109 L. reuteri B1/1 allowed to modulate the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as to increase the metabolic activity of the cells. In addition, administration of L. reuteri B1/1 in both concentrations significantly stimulated gene expression for both proteins in the CLAB cell line after 4 h of incubation.
Morphological and Anamnestic Features of Maxillary Sinus Cysts
Authors: Сакович А.Р. , Рожкова А.В. 
Published: April 2023

Цель. Проведение сравнительного анализа морфологии кист верхнечелюстных пазух во взаимосвязи с данными анамнеза. Материалы и методы. Представлен анализ морфологии 91 кисты верхнечелюстных пазух с гистологическим исследованием стенок последних. Большинство пациентов (82,7%) были в возрасте до 45 лет. Результаты. Признаки фиброза/гиалиноза в стенке кист наиболее часто встречались при воспалении (51,6%), преобладающие клетки – нейтрофилы. При аллергическом процессе превалировал отек (80,0%) и эозинофильная инфильтрация. Морфология других клеток отличалась вариабельностью. Выводы. Хроническое латентное воспаление является возможным фактором образования кист в верхнечелюстных пазухах, также установлена возможная причинно-следственная связь между аллергическими заболеваниями дыхательного тракта и аллергической природой кист с преобладающей эозинофильной инфильтрацией их стенок.
Purpose. Comparative analysis of the morphology of maxillary sinus cysts in relation to history data. Materials and methods. The analysis of morphology 91 cysts of the maxillary sinuses with histological examination of the walls of the latter is presented. The majority of patients (82.7%) were under 45 years of age. Results. Signs of fibrosis/hyalinosis in the cysts wall were most common in inflammation (51.6%), the predominant cells being neutrophils. In allergic process, edema (80.0%) and eosinophilic infiltration prevailed. The morphology of other cells was variable. Conclusions. Chronic latent inflammation appears to be a possible factor in formation of cysts in the maxillary sinuses, and a possible causal relationship between allergic diseases of the respiratory tract and the allergic nature of cysts with predominant eosinophilic infiltration of their walls was also established.
Permainan Petualangan Avengers pada Pembelajaran Sistem Koordinat
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul 
Published: April 2023

Laporan karya inovasi pembelajaran ini bertujuan: 1) menjelaskan apa itu permainan petualangan Avengers dan langkah-langkah permainannya; dan 2) permainan Petualangan Avengers dapat memberikan pemahaman peserta didik kelas VIII H pada materi Sistem Koordinat. Games and Learn (bermain dan belajar) adalah salah satu metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan dalam pembelajaran ini. Pembelajaran yang berfokus pada keaktifan peserta didik dalam menyelesaikan masalah mereka melalui permainan yang menarik. Permainan ini dinamakan “Petualangan Avengers”; permainan dengan menggunakan alat yang terdiri dari: 1) papan bidang koordinat; 2) tokoh-tokoh Avengers sebagai pemainnya; 3) dua dadu warna; 4) kartu jawaban dan 5) tabel kendali pemain. Langkah-langkah pembelajaran Games and Learn yang diterapkan adalah: 1) penyajian kelas; 2) bekerja dalam kelompok; 3) permainan; 4) Evaluasi dan 5) kesimpulan. Permainan Petualangan Avengers dilakukan di kelas VIII H SMP Negeri 3 Demak; dengan 32 peserta didik yang heterogen; 16 peserta didik laki-laki dan 16 peserta didik perempuan. Simpulan karya inovasi ini adalah 1) langkah-langkah bermain Petualangan Avengers adalah menyiapkan media permainan; menyepakati tokoh-tokoh yang digunakan; pemain melemparkan dadu untuk mendapatkan titik koordinat; melangkah sesuai dengan titik koordinat; menuliskan langkah yang dilakukannya dalam kartu jawaban; dan menempelkannya dalam tabel kendali; dan 2) dengan bermain petualangan Avengers; peserta didik kelas VIII H dapat memahami materi Sistem Koordinat terutama pada sub materi posisi titik terhadap titik pusat dan posisi titik terhadap titik lain. Hasil penelitian didapat 98% peserta didik aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dan 100% peserta didik mendapatkan nilai di atas KKM 73.
Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Materi Ajar Pewarisan Sifat dengan Media Pembelajaran Tuan Simahi
Authors: Utomo Mulyo 
Published: April 2023

Pembelajaran menyenangkan dapat diartikan sebagai pembelajaran yang dapat menarik perhatian siswa dengan berbagai metode yang diterapkan, sehingga saat pembelajaran berlangsung siswa tidak merasa bosan. Pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 3 Demak terutama kelas IXH belum sepenuhnya membuat siswa merasa senang untuk melakukannya, sehingga pada saat proses pembelajaran perhatian siswa terhadap pembelajaran tidak optimal dan hasil belajar siswa masih di bawah Kriteria ketuntasan minimal yaitu 71. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar IPA Pokok Bahasan pewarisan sifat bagi siswa kelas IXH SMP Negeri 3 Demak pada semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran Tuan Simahi yang merupakan akronim Kartu Pewarisan Sifat Makhluk Hidup. Penelitian ini dengan menngunakan media Tuan Simahi yang dilakukan oleh kelompok dalam bentuk permainan (games) untuk mewujudkan pembelajaran yang aktif, kreatif, efektif, dan menyenangkan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan 2 siklus. Siklus I pembelajaran menggunakan 1 (satu ) jenis Tuan Simahi sedangkan siklus II menggunakan 3 (tiga) jenis Tuan Simahi. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan penilaian pada tiap siklus dapat kesimpulan bahwa dengan penggunaan media pembelajaran Tuan Simahi dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa. Keaktifan siswa mengalami peningkatan di setiap siklus, dengan rata-rata persentase siklus I sebesar 25 % dan siklus II 35%. Hasil belajar siswa meningkat dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata hasil evaluasi belajar sebelum tindakan yang hanya mencapai 60, pada siklus I sebesar 70 dan pada siklus II sebesar 75. Aktivitas guru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran juga mengalami peningkatan yaitu rata-rata pada siklus I sebesar 2,2 dan pada siklus II sebesar 3,5. Dengan menerapkan pembelajaran menggunakan media pembelajaran Tuan Simahi Pokok Bahasan Pewarisan Sifat kelas IX H SMP Negeri 3 Demak Semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022 dapat disimpulkan bahwa keaktifan siswa mengalami peningkatan di setiap siklus, dengan rata-rata persentase sebagai siklus I sebesar 25 % dan siklus II 35%.