bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environment of severe storm formations over West Africa on the 26‐28 June 2018
Authors: Osei Marian Amoakowaah , Aryee Jeffrey N. A. , Agyekum Jacob , Ashong Jesse , Ansah Samuel Owusu , Ahiataku Maureen Abla , Baffour‐Ata Frank , Amekudzi Leonard K. , Atiah Winifred Ayinpogbilla , Padi Michael , Ameho Johnson , Yahaya Bashiru , Portuphy Joseph , Lamptey Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the environmental evolution of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) is critical for forecasting weather in West Africa. This study investigated the thermodynamic and synoptic environments of MCSs over West Africa on 26 (storm 1) and 28 (storm 2) June 2018. Primary datasets used to assess the diurnal evolution of the storms were obtained from ERA5. The results showed a trapped gravity wave, enhanced by a well‐established African Easterly Jet and monsoon trough, was responsible for the initiation of storm 1. Both storms also initiated in the presence of several moist lower (925–850 hPa) to mid‐tropospheric (600 hPa) cyclonic and anticyclonic vortices, controlling inland moisture advection. The lower troposphere was moistened through moisture advection by the West African westerly jet for storm 1 and the nocturnal low‐level jet prior to initiation for storm 2. For both storms, the evolution of outgoing longwave radiation showed a consistent atmosphere of deep afternoon convection. Boundary layer height increased significantly during storm evolution to support the increasing ascent of warm air. Vegetation cover differences may have also likely aided the evolution of storm 2. The passage of gravity waves from decaying storms can aid forecasters to nowcast likely regions of afternoon convection with high accuracy. Under the GCRF African Science for Weather Information and Forecasting Techniques (SWIFT), these findings are crucial in fulfilling the project's aims of improving weather forecasting capability and communication over West Africa.
An integrative review of defining characteristic of the nursing diagnosis “spiritual distress”
Authors: Eshghi Fateme , Nikfarid Lida , Zareiyan Armin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify the defining characteristics of spiritual distress (00066).DesignThis study was conducted by integrated review method using Broom method.MethodsPubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochran Library, and Persian scientific databases were searched from January 2010 to December 2020.ResultsTwenty‐one article and 74 defining characteristics were identified. 33 of these defining characteristics was mentioned in NANDA. The criteria with the highest frequency and repetition in articles were lack of peace, lack of hope, change in anger behaviour, lack of meaning in life, change in fear and crying behaviour, Concern about belief and values system and/or God.ConclusionSome of the spiritual distress defining characteristics overlap with other nursing diagnoses, including anxiety and hopelessness. Clinical and content validation studies need to be conducted and the main criteria for diagnosing spiritual distress in different cultures and religions need to be identified.
Synthesis and characterization of biphasic layered structure composite with simultaneous electroconductive and piezoelectric behavior as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Shabani Samghabadi Mina , Karkhaneh Akbar , Katbab Ali Asghar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, materials with piezoelectric and electroconductive behavior have been thought interesting and important to be used for bone scaffolds due to their potential in mimicking the bone tissues. In the present work, attempts have been made to prepare three‐dimensional laminated scaffolds by means of embedding the piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun nanofibrous mats into the electroconductive porous oxidized alginate (ADA)/gelatin/polypyrrole‐graft‐gelatin (PPy‐g‐gelatin) hydrogel precursor structure to obtain a biphasic layered structure (a fiber‐hydrogel scaffold). The morphology, tensile strength, β‐phase contents, and crystallinity of the fibers are evaluated. The compressive modulus of the electrospun fiber‐hydrogel composites (32.72 MPa) shows to be much higher than the neat hydrogel (0.01 MPa). The prepared composites present high electrical conductivity (1.8 S m−1) and piezoelectric coefficient (1.61 fC N−1). By incorporating the fibers into the hydrogel structure, the cross‐link density of the composite is increased. The swelling ratio, porosity, and rate of biodegradation of the fabricated composites are also investigated. Moreover, good biocompatibility of human osteosarcoma cells attached to the PVDF/PLA nanofibers‐ADA/gelatin/PPy‐g‐gelatin hydrogel scaffold is evidenced by alkaline phosphatase assay, alizarin red and hematoxylin and eosin staining, and osteogenic gene expression evaluation. The prepared osteon‐mimetic samples with the synergized features of piezoelectricity and electrical conductivity can potentially be used as three‐dimensional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Development of a simulator for training of fetoscopic myelomeningocele surgery
Authors: Spoor Jochem K. H. , van Gastel Lis , Tahib Fatima , van Grieken Amanda , van Weteringen Willem , Sterke Frank , Baschat Ahmet A. , Miller Jena L. , de Jong Tjeerd H. R. , Wijnen René M. H. , Eggink Alex E. , DeKoninck Philip L. J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a realistic simulation model for laparotomy‐assisted fetoscopic spina bifida aperta (SBa) surgery, to be used for training purposes and preoperative planning.MethodsThe predefined general requirement was a realistic model of an exteriorized uterus, allowing all neurosurgical steps of the intervention. The uterus was modelled using ultrasound and MRI images of a 25 weeks’ gravid uterus, consisting of flexible polyurethane foam coated with pigmented silicone. The fetal model, contained an opening on the dorsal side for a customizable spinal insert with all the aspects of a SBa, including a cele, placode, and myofascial and skin layer. The model was assessed in a series of validation experiments.ResultsProduction costs are low, uterus and fetus are reusable. Placental localization and the level and size of the spinal defect are adjustable, enabling case‐specific adaptations. All aspects of the simulator were scored close to realistic or higher for both appearance and functional capacities.ConclusionsThis innovative model provides an excellent training opportunity for centers that are starting a fetoscopic SBa repair program. It is the first simulation model with adjustable spinal defect and placental localisation. Further objective validation is required, but the potential for using this model in preoperative planning is promising.
Comparison of creatinine‐based equations for estimating renal function for digoxin dose adjustment in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure
Authors: Sakai Masahiro , Hirai Toshinori , Shitara Satoshi , Iwamoto Takuya , Shiga Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine an appropriate equation for estimating renal function to dose regulate the serum digoxin trough concentration to a target of <0.9 ng/ml in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). All patients received 0.125 mg oral digoxin daily. The estimated glomerular filtration rate by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (eGFRMDRD) equation deindexed based on body surface area had the highest correlation with digoxin trough concentrations (r = −0.450) compared to the Cockcroft‐Gault equation (r = −0.415) or deindexed eGFR based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (eGFRCKD‐EPI) equation (r = −0.416). The median digoxin trough concentrations were 0.60, 0.77, 0.97 and 1.30 ng/ml in patients with a deindexed eGFRMDRD ≥ 60, 45–59, 30–44 and < 30 ml/min, respectively. The deindexed eGFRMDRD is an appropriate equation for digoxin dose adjustment in patients with AF and HF.
User's image perception improved strategy and application of augmented reality systems in smart medical care: A review
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Zhang Jiawei , Sun Jianpeng , Wu Dianhao , Xu Shuainan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAugmented reality (AR) is a new human‐computer interaction technology that combines virtual reality, computer vision, and computer networks. With the rapid advancement of the medical field towards intelligence and data visualisation, AR systems are becoming increasingly popular in the medical field because they can provide doctors with clear enough medical images and accurate image navigation in practical applications. However, it has been discovered that different display types of AR systems have different effects on doctors' perception of the image after virtual‐real fusion during the actual medical application. If doctors cannot correctly perceive the image, they may be unable to correctly match the virtual information with the real world, which will have a significant impact on their ability to recognise complex structures.MethodsThis paper uses Citespace, a literature analysis tool, to visualise and analyse the research hotspots when AR systems are used in the medical field.ResultsA visual analysis of the 1163 articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database reveals that display technology and visualisation technology are the key research directions of AR systems at the moment.ConclusionThis paper categorises AR systems based on their display principles, reviews current image perception optimisation schemes for various types of systems, and analyses and compares different display types of AR systems based on their practical applications in the field of smart medical care so that doctors can select the appropriate display types based on different application scenarios. Finally, the future development direction of AR display technology is anticipated in order for AR technology to be more effectively applied in the field of smart medical care. The advancement of display technology for AR systems is critical for their use in the medical field, and the advantages and disadvantages of various display types should be considered in different application scenarios to select the best AR system.
Molecular Resolution Nanostructure and Dynamics of the Deep Eutectic Solvent—Graphite Interface as a Function of Potential
Authors: Freeman Justin S. , Mamme Mesfin Haile , Ustarroz Jon , Warr Gregory G. , Li Hua , Atkin Rob 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInterest in deep eutectic solvents (DESs), particularly for electrochemical applications, has boomed in the past decade because they are more versatile than conventional electrolyte solutions and are low cost, renewable, and non‐toxic. The molecular scale lateral nanostructures as a function of potential at the solid–liquid interface—critical design parameters for the use of DESs as electrochemical solvents—are yet to be revealed. In this work, in situ amplitude modulated atomic force microscopy complemented by molecular dynamics simulations is used to probe the Stern and near‐surface layers of the archetypal and by far most studied DES, 1:2 choline chloride:urea (reline), at the highly orientated pyrolytic graphite surface as a function of potential, to reveal highly ordered lateral nanostructures with unprecedented molecular resolution. This detail allows identification of choline, chloride, and urea in the Stern layer on graphite, and in some cases their orientations. Images obtained after the potential is switched from negative to positive show the dynamics of the Stern layer response, revealing that several minutes are required to reach equilibrium. These results provide valuable insight into the nanostructure and dynamics of DESs at the solid–liquid interface, with implications for the rational design of DESs for interfacial applications.
Multi‐aspects AI‐based modeling and adversarial learning for cybersecurity intelligence and robustness: A comprehensive overview
Authors: Sarker Iqbal H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDue to the rising dependency on digital technology, cybersecurity has emerged as a more prominent field of research and application that typically focuses on securing devices, networks, systems, data and other resources from various cyber‐attacks, threats, risks, damages, or unauthorized access. Artificial intelligence (AI), also referred to as a crucial technology of the current Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0 or 4IR), could be the key to intelligently dealing with these cyber issues. Various forms of AI methodologies, such as analytical, functional, interactive, textual as well as visual AI can be employed to get the desired cyber solutions according to their computational capabilities. However, the dynamic nature and complexity of real‐world situations and data gathered from various cyber sources make it challenging nowadays to build an effective AI‐based security model. Moreover, defending robustly against adversarial attacks is still an open question in the area. In this article, we provide a comprehensive view on “Cybersecurity Intelligence and Robustness,” emphasizing multi‐aspects AI‐based modeling and adversarial learning that could lead to addressing diverse issues in various cyber applications areas such as detecting malware or intrusions, zero‐day attacks, phishing, data breach, cyberbullying and other cybercrimes. Thus the eventual security modeling process could be automated, intelligent, and robust compared to traditional security systems. We also emphasize and draw attention to the future aspects of cybersecurity intelligence and robustness along with the research direction within the context of our study. Overall, our goal is not only to explore AI‐based modeling and pertinent methodologies but also to focus on the resulting model's applicability for securing our digital systems and society.
Visible‐Light‐Active Coumarin‐ and Quinolinone‐Based Photocatalysts and Their Applications in Chemical Transformations
Authors: Kim Myojeong , Hong Seonghyeok , Jeong Jinwook , Hong Sungwoo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganic dyes have been actively studied as useful photocatalysts because they allow access to versatile structural flexibility and green synthetic applications. The identification of a new class of robust organic chromophores is, therefore, in high demand to increase structural diversity and variability. Although coumarins and quinolinones have long been acknowledged as organic chromophores, their ability to participate in photoinduced transformations is somewhat less familiar. Fascinated by their chromophoric features and adaptable platform, our group is interested in the identification of fluorescent bioactive molecules and in the development of new photoinduced synthetic methods using coumarins and quinolinones as photocatalysts. This account provides an overview of our recent progress in the discovery and application of light‐absorbing coumarin and quinolinone derivatives in photochemistry and medicinal chemistry.
Eucalyptol antagonized the apoptosis and immune dysfunction of grass carp hepatocytes induced by tetrabromobisphenol A by regulating ROS/ASK1/JNK pathway
Authors: Sun Wenying , Liu Huanyi , Zhu Huijun , Gao Meichen , Xu Shiwen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a common environmental pollutant which has multi‐organ toxicity to mammals. Eucalyptol (EUC) has super antioxidant biological activity. However, in this experimental study, we probed into the mechanism of toxic of TBBPA exposure on Grass carp hepatocytes (L8824 cells) and the antagonistic impact of EUC on TBBPA. We treated L8824 cells with 8 μg/ml TBBPA and/or 20 μM EUC for 24 h in this test research. The experiment results suggested that TBBPA exposure induced elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), led to oxidative stress, decreased SOD and CAT activities, decreased GSH and T‐AOC contents, exacerbated MDA accumulation, activated ASK1/JNK signaling pathway, and further increased the contents of mitochondrial dependent apoptosis pathway related indicators (Cyt‐C, Bax, Caspase 9, Caspase 3), while Bcl‐2 expression decreased. In addition, TBBPA exposure induced increased expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and decreased expression of IL‐2, IFN‐γ, Hepcidin, β‐defensin, LEAP2. The oxidative stress level, ASK1/JNK signal pathway expression level, apoptosis ratio and cellular immune function of cells exposed to EUC alone did not change significantly. Combined exposure of TBBPA and EUC significantly reduced the proportion of apoptosis and restored cellular immune function. Therefore, these results suggest that EUC can effectively antagonize TBBPA‐induced apoptosis and immune dysfunction of L8824 cells by regulating ROS/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway.
The Migdal effect in semiconductors for dark matter with masses below ∼ 100 MeV
Authors: Berghaus Kim V. , Esposito Angelo , Essig Rouven , Sholapurkar Mukul 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Dark matter scattering off a nucleus has a small probability of inducing an observable ionization through the inelastic excitation of an electron, called the Migdal effect. We use an effective field theory to extend the computation of the Migdal effect in semiconductors to regions of small momentum transfer to the nucleus, where the final state of the nucleus is no longer well described by a plane wave. Our analytical result can be fully quantified by the measurable dynamic structure factor of the semiconductor, which accounts for the vibrational degrees of freedom (phonons) in a crystal. We show that, due to the sum rules obeyed by the structure factor, the inclusive Migdal rate and the shape of the electron recoil spectrum is well captured by approximating the nuclei in the crystal as free ions; however, the exclusive differential rate with respect to energy depositions to the crystal depends on the phonon dynamics encoded in the dynamic structure function of the specific material. Our results now allow the Migdal effect in semiconductors to be evaluated even for the lightest dark matter candidates (mχ ≳ 1 MeV) that can kinematically excite electrons.
Microstates of a 2d Black Hole in string theory
Authors: Betzios Panos , Papadoulaki Olga 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We analyse models of Matrix Quantum Mechanics in the double scaling limit that contain non-singlet states. The finite temperature partition function of such systems contains non-trivial winding modes (vortices) and is expressed in terms of a group theoretic sum over representations. We then focus in the case when the first winding mode is dominant (model of Kazakov-Kostov-Kutasov). In the limit of large representations (continuous Young diagrams), and depending on the values of the parameters of the model such as the compactification radius and the string coupling, the dual geometric background corresponds to that of a long string (winding mode) condensate or a 2d (non-supersymmetric) Black Hole. In the matrix model we can tune these parameters and explore various phases and regimes. Our construction allows us to identify the origin of the microstates of these backgrounds, arising from non trivial representations, and paves the way for computing various observables on them.
Nonlinear electrodynamics without birefringence
Authors: Russo Jorge G. , Townsend Paul K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
All solutions of the no-birefringence conditions for nonlinear electrodynamics are found. In addition to the known Born-Infeld and Plebanski cases, we find a “reverse Born-Infeld” case, which has a limit to Plebanski, and an “extreme-Born-Infeld” case, which arises as a Lagrangian constraint. Only Born-Infeld has a weak-field limit, and only Born-Infeld and extreme-Born-Infeld avoid superluminal propagation in constant electromagnetic backgrounds, but all cases have a conformal strong-field limit that coincides with the strong-field limit of Born-Infeld found by Bialynicki-Birula.
Prediction of electrical resistance of laser-welded copper pin-pairs with surface topographical information from inline post-process observation by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Will Thomas , Müller Johannes , Müller Ricus , Hölbling Claudio , Goth Christian , Schmidt Michael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Laser welding of copper hairpins is required to produce a conductive connection in electric stators. Past manufacturing processes introduce misalignments that lead to poor weld connections with increased electrical resistance. In this work, we discuss correlations between the electrical resistance of the weld connection and possible misalignment types. Misalignments lead to a deformed surface topography of the weld. We correlate inline measurements of the weld topography by optical coherence tomography (OCT) with misalignment types and hence erroneous weld connections. We identify a connection between surface topographical weld features with the electrical resistance of the weld. As a result, a quantified separation of process results is possible with a surface topographical feature of the hairpins that allows for concluding the electrical resistance of the pin-pair connection. Correlation coefficient is identified as the most relevant feature indicating a linear trend in the height profile. Reference measurements with a symmetrical weld pearl show a correlation coefficient of around 0, whereas misalignments with a skewed surface topography show increased absolute correlation coefficient values up to 0.75. The identified correlation between the electrical resistance and different misalignment types can be depicted with the correlation coefficient for the given boundary conditions. Defective weld results with electrical resistances above 6 µΩ can be identified with feature values above 0.5, whereas reference welds with an electrical resistance below 5 µΩ can be identified with an absolute correlation coefficient below 0.2.
Batch correction methods for nontarget chemical analysis data: application to a municipal wastewater collection system
Authors: Hattaway Madison E. , Black Gabrielle P. , Young Thomas M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNontarget chemical analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry has increasingly been used to discern spatial patterns and temporal trends in anthropogenic chemical abundance in natural and engineered systems. A critical experimental design consideration in such applications, especially those monitoring complex matrices over long time periods, is a choice between analyzing samples in multiple batches as they are collected, or in one batch after all samples have been processed. While datasets acquired in multiple analytical batches can include the effects of instrumental variability over time, datasets acquired in a single batch risk compound degradation during sample storage. To assess the influence of batch effects on the analysis and interpretation of nontarget data, this study examined a set of 56 samples collected from a municipal wastewater system over 7 months. Each month’s samples included 6 from sites within the collection system, one combined influent, and one treated effluent sample. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode in multiple batches as the samples were collected and in a single batch at the conclusion of the study. Data were aligned and normalized using internal standard scaling and ComBat, an empirical Bayes method developed for estimating and removing batch effects in microarrays. As judged by multiple lines of evidence, including comparing principal variance component analysis between single and multi-batch datasets and through patterns in principal components and hierarchical clustering analyses, ComBat appeared to significantly reduce the influence of batch effects. For this reason, we recommend the use of more, small batches with an appropriate batch correction step rather than acquisition in one large batch.
Graphical abstract