bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of Maize Response to Salt Stress in Hydroponic Medium
Authors: Tembo Langa 
Published: May 2023

The productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) from the farmers’ fields has been characterized as being low due to salinity among other contributing factors. In this study the use of phenotypic traits as a selection criterion and screening of maize genotypes for tolerance to salt stress was investigated. The objectives of this study were therefore to i) estimate heritability for genotypic response to root and shoot length ii) ascertain an appropriate genotypic maize screening criterion in saline medium and iii) identify tolerant maize genotypes in hydroponic medium. The experiment was set up as 5 x 11 factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications at the University of Zambia, pathology laboratory. Thus 11 genotypes were evaluated in five doses of salinity concentrations giving 55 experimental units. Genotypes exhibited significant differences (P< 0.05) in response to both parameters (root and shoot length) across salinity concentrations. Similarly the response of root and shoot length in different salinity concentration across genotypes was also significant (P< 0.001). The entry based heritability estimate was found to be 0.76 and 0.18 for responses to root and shoot respectively. Shoot length was identified as a key trait to utilize in screening maize genotypes for tolerance to salt stress under hydroponic conditions despite possessing a low heritability estimate. In this study tolerant genotypes to salt stress were identified as ZHYB 2, ZHYB 7 and ZHYB 11.
Revisiting Quanterness: new AMS dates and stable isotope data from an Orcadian chamber tomb
Authors: Schulting Rick , Sheridan Alison , Crozier Rebecca , Murphy Eileen 
Published: May 2023

A total of 20 new AMS radiocarbon determinations on human bone have been obtained for the Neolithic chamber tomb of Quanterness, Orkney. The results show poor agreement with the recorded stratigraphy, suggesting extensive mixing of the chamber deposits. A Bayesian model treating all of the determinations as deriving from a single phase of activity provides a start date in the range 3510 – 3220 cal BC (most probably falling after 3450 cal BC), with the main phase of burial activity ending in the range 2850–2790 cal BC (95.4% probability). This presents a tighter range than previously available, but nevertheless appears to confirm the longevity of burial activity at the monument. Osteologically, there is no convincing evidence for excarnation, and the representation of the small bones of the hands and feet, together with the absence of sub-aerial weathering, make it unlikely that the bulk of the human bone assemblage was brought in from elsewhere, as had previously been suggested. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements average –20.5 ± 0.4‰ and 11.1 ± 0.6‰ respectively, indicating no appreciable consumption of marine protein despite the site’s location less than 1km from the coast. There are tentative but intriguing diachronic trends in both isotopes, with δ13C values decreasing, and δ15N values increasing through time; this could suggest changing farming practices, though the details remain unclear. The dating and the palaeodietary findings are discussed within the context of Middle/Late Neolithic Orkney, emphasising the former’s relevance to debates concerning the origin of Maes Howe-type passage tombs and the appearance of Grooved Ware. The radiocarbon dates support the view that Grooved Ware emerged as a novel pottery tradition in Orkney between c 3300/3200 and c
3100 BC.
Early Historic settlement beneath the Grassmarket in Edinburgh
Authors: McMeekin James , Stronach Simon , Franklin Julie , Thomas Clare , Haston Sarah-Jane , Tetlow Emma , Howard Lynda , Beglane Fiona 
Published: May 2023

Archaeologically monitored excavations in the Grassmarket, Edinburgh uncovered diverse remains dating from prehistory to the First World War. The stratigraphic sequence included pits created in the middle of the Bronze Age, Early Historic features and deposits, a series of medieval surfaces, a section of the Flodden Wall and post-medieval building foundations. The Early Historic features provide rare evidence for Edinburgh’s development prior to the 12th century and form the focus of this article.
Several features, created during the Anglian occupation of the Lothians, suggest the presence of a settlement between the late 6th and early 10th centuries AD, overlooked and possibly servicing a high status site on Castle Rock. The evidence is compared to archaeological results from other settlements formerly within the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia (Northumbria).
Deposits over a structure were radiocarbon dated to the 11th–12th century, when the region was under Scottish control. Associated environmental remains and leather offcuts indicated the holding, butchering and processing of livestock. This evidence pre-dates the documented use of the area as a medieval market and is interpreted as relating to a pre-burghal phase of use.
The significance of the results in terms of our understanding of Edinburgh’s development, and to assessments of archaeological potential in Scottish medieval towns in general, is also discussed.
Urban morphology and medieval burgh development in Edinburgh and Elgin
Authors: Tait Robin 
Published: May 2023

Presented here are the results of a study to assess the potential of urban morphology to make a continuing contribution to the understanding of urban development in the Scottish burghs and to provide helpful input to associated archaeological studies. Use is made of recent cartographically based evidence of the high degree of consistency and stability to be found in the configuration of the burgage plots and foreland lines in Scottish burghs.
To do this, four carefully selected aspects of the urban development, one in Edinburgh and three in Elgin, were examined. The two Scottish burghs were selected for their similarity of layout along a single main street, providing a relatively simple urban pattern. For Edinburgh, appropriate morphological information, which is available from earlier studies, is summarised. Similar information for Elgin was compiled as part of this study and the results are set out.
The case is made that urban morphology still has much to offer in the study of Scottish urban history and archaeology. In addition, having reviewed recent archaeological reports, it is suggested that archaeology has great potential to provide a strong contribution to the better understanding of the urban morphology of Scotland.
An Electrode‐Grounded Droplet‐Based Electricity Generator (EG‐DEG) for Liquid Motion Monitoring
Authors: Yang Lei , Yu Jian , Guo Yanjie , Chen Sicheng , Tan Kunpeng , Li Sheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a potential technology for harvesting water energy and serving as self‐powered sensors. Among the innovative designs of TENG, a droplet‐based electricity generator (DEG) has achieved high instantaneous power density under droplets impinging. However, the exposed top electrode is usually hydrophilic and subjected to water corrosion. This study reports an electrode‐grounded droplet‐based electricity generator (EG‐DEG) with graphene sheets embedded carbon (GSEC) electrode. Compared with traditional electrodes, the designed device with GSEC electrode exhibits great hydrophobicity, corrosion resistance under droplets impinging and better output performance. The working mechanism of the device is discussed in depth and the performance of EG‐DEG is systematically studied. To demonstrate the robust capability of EG‐DEG as self‐powered sensors, a three‐electrodes mode of EG‐DEG is developed to monitor droplet velocities on different triboelectric surfaces. Furthermore, the EG‐DEG can be assembled in the pipe to acquire the flow rate of fluid according to the frequency of the output signals. An intelligent system is further developed to display the flow rate of the fluid. Therefore, the EG‐DEG device also shows its great application prospects in particles detection and fluid analysis in the future.
Unveiling the Anionic Redox Chemistry in Phosphate Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jian Xiayan , Shen Qiuyu , Zhao Xudong , Jin Junteng , Wang Yao , Li Shengwei , Qu Xuanhui , Jiao Lifang , Liu Yongchang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnionic redox chemistry has aroused increasing attention in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) by virtue of the appealing additional capacity. However, up to now, anionic redox reaction has not been reported in the mainstream phosphate cathodes for SIBs. Herein, the ultrathin VOPO4 nanosheets are fabricated as promising cathodes for SIBs, where the oxygen redox reaction is first activated accompanied by reversible ClO4− (from the electrolyte) insertion/extraction. As a result, the VOPO4 cathode harvests a record‐high capacity (168 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) among its counterparts ever reported. Moreover, the ClO4− insertion efficiently expands the interlayer spacing of VOPO4 and accelerates the ion diffusion, enabling an unprecedentedly high rate performance (69 mAh g−1 at 30 C). Via systematic ex situ characterizations and theoretical computations, the anionic redox chemistry and charge storage mechanism upon cycling are thoroughly elucidated. This study opens up a new avenue toward high‐energy phosphate cathodes for SIBs by triggering anionic redox reactions.
Structure‐Engineered Low‐Cost Carbon Microbelt Hosts for Highly Robust Potassium Metal Anode
Authors: Xie Shuhong , Xie Wei , Zhang Qingfeng , Cheng Xueli , Ouyang Xiaoping , Lu Bingan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPotassium metal as anode is an ideal material for the assembly of high specific energy batteries. However, safety issues caused by unrestricted dendrite growth and “dead K” generation severely limit their application. Here, based on the concept of waste recycling, a structural engineering strategy (chemical exfoliation and enzyme‐assisted synergistic method) is proposed to prepare oxygen‐containing functionalized porous carbon microbelts (OPCMs) as freestanding K metal hosts. The porous structure, uniformly distribution of carbon nanospheres, and the presence of oxygen‐containing functional groups reduce the energy barrier of K nucleation and promote the deposition kinetics. Benefitting from these advantages of OPCMs, the OPCMs‐based K composite anodes (K‐OPCMs) are free of obvious dendrite growth during the plating process. Symmetric cells assembled with K‐OPCMs maintain a stable overpotential of 40 mV after cycling for more than 800 h at 1 mA cm−2. In addition, the K‐OPCMs//organic cathode (PTCDA) full cell exhibits excellent rate capability (96% capacity retention, 100–2000 mA g−1, which is superior to most reported potassium metal batteries) and ultralong lifespan (97.8 mA h g−1, after 1500 cycles at 2000 mA g−1). This study illustrates the effectiveness of structure‐engineered and provides a guiding insight for achieving high‐performance rechargeable batteries.
Environment‐Responsive Therapeutic Platforms for the Treatment of Implant Infection
Authors: Hu Yanling , Li Shengke , Dong Heng , Weng Lixing , Yuwen Lihui , Xie Yannan , Yang Jun , Shao Jinjun , Song Xuejiao , Yang Dongliang , Wang Lianhui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe application of medical implants has greatly improved the survival rate and life quality of patients. Nevertheless, in recent years, there are increasing cases of implant dysfunction or failure because of bacterial infections. Despite significant improvements in biomedicine, there are still serious challenges in the treatment of implant‐related infections. With the formation of bacterial biofilms and the development of bacterial resistance, these limitations lead to a low efficacy of conventional antibiotics. To address these challenges, it is urgent to exploit innovative treatment strategies for implant‐related infections. Based on these ideas, environment‐responsive therapeutic platforms with high selectivity, low drug resistance, and minor dose‐limiting toxicity have attracted widespread attention. By using exogenous/endogenous stimuli, the antibacterial activity of therapeutics can be activated on demand and exhibit remarkable therapeutic effects. Exogenous stimuli include photo, magnetism, microwave, and ultrasound. Endogenous stimuli mainly include the pathological characteristics of bacterial infections such as acidic pH, anomalous temperature, and abnormal enzymatic activities. In this review, the recent progress of environment‐responsive therapeutic platforms with spatiotemporally controlled drug release/activation is systematically summarized. Afterward, the limitations and opportunities of these emerging platforms are highlighted. Finally, it is hoped that this review will offer novel ideas and techniques to combat implant‐related infections.
Synergetic Enhancement of Strength–Ductility and Thermoelectric Properties of Ag2Te by Domain Boundaries
Authors: Wang Hongtao , Feng Xiaobin , Lu Zhongtao , Duan Bo , Yang Houjiang , Wu Luoqi , Zhou Ling , Zhai Pengcheng , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Li Guodong , Zhang Qingjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSimultaneously improving the mechanical and thermoelectric (TE) properties is significant for the engineering applications of inorganic TE materials. In this work, a novel nanodomain strategy is developed for Ag2Te compounds to yield 40% and 200% improved compressive strength (160 MPa) and fracture strain (16%) when compared to domain‐free samples (115 MPa and 5.5%, respectively). The domained samples also achieve a 45% improvement in average ZT value. The domain boundaries (DBs) provide extra sites for dislocation nucleation while pinning the dislocation movement, resulting in superior strength and ductility. In addition, phonon scattering induced by DBs suppresses the lattice thermal conductivity of Ag2Te and also reduces the weighted mobility. These findings provide new insights into grain and DB engineering for high‐performance inorganic semiconductors with robust mechanical properties.
Efficient Multi‐Luminescence Covering the Visible to Near‐Infrared Range in Antimony and Lanthanide Co‐Doped Indium‐Based Zero‐Dimensional Perovskites Nanocrystals
Authors: Li Huwei , Zhang Manli , Li Yao , Fu Xinyu , Feng Jing , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDoping impurity ions, such as lanthanide (Ln3+) ions, can introduce unique emissions over the visible and near infrared (NIR) region and enrich the optoelectronic properties for lead‐free perovskites. Here, tetragonal Cs3InCl6:Sb nanocrystals (NCs) with bright self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emission have been synthesized. Interestingly, tetragonal Cs3InCl6:1%Sb can transform into monoclinic Cs3InCl6:1%Sb and orthorhombic Cs2InCl5·H2O:1%Sb under different solvent triggers. Further, a series of Ln3+ ions are doped into Cs3InCl6:Sb NCs, along with the appearance of Ln3+ ions emissions over the visible and NIR region. Benefiting from the different photoluminescence (PL) origins of the STEs and Eu3+ emissions, Cs3InCl6:Sb,Eu NCs enable varied color delivery and exhibit great potential as anti‐counterfeiting materials. Meantime, Cs3InCl6:Sb,Nd NCs with strong NIR emissions demonstrate great potential for NIR light‐emitting diode (LED) applications. This work not only presents an effective strategy to tune the optoelectronic properties of lead‐free perovskites, but also provides insight into applications in the anticounterfeiting and LED fields.
Ligand Promoted and Cobalt Catalyzed Electrochemical C−H Annulation of Arylphosphinamide and Alkyne
Authors: Xu Zhenhui , Zhang Wangqin , Xu Chao , Liu Tao , Zhang Zhensheng , Zheng Changdi , Song Dingguo , Zhong Weihui , Ling Fei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA cobaltaelectro‐catalyzed dehydrogenative [4+2] annulation of arylphosphinamides with alkynes was proposed in the present study to selectively construct a range of cyclic phosphinamide derivatives. Picolinic acid acted as a ligand to promote this transformation. A total of 38 examples demonstrated broad substrate scope, sufficient functional tolerance and excellent regioselectivity. Moreover, no additional oxidants and electrolytes were needed and it was possible to achieve gram scale synthesis, late‐stage diversification and the removal of the directing group. Cyclic voltammetry and kinetic isotope experiments provided a better understanding to the reaction mechanism.
Paper Electronics Utilizing Screen Printing and Vapor Phase Polymerization
Authors: Brooke Robert , Edberg Jesper , Petsagkourakis Ioannis , Freitag Kathrin , Mulla Mohammad Yusuf , Nilsson Marie , Isacsson Patrik , Andersson Ersman Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe rise of paper electronics has been accelerated due to the public push for sustainability. Electronic waste can potentially be avoided if certain materials in electronic components can be substituted for greener alternatives such as paper. Within this report, it is demonstrated that conductive polymers poly(3,4‐ethylenedoxythiophene) (PEDOT), polypyrrole, and polythiophene, can be synthesized by screen printing combined with vapor phase polymerization on paper substrates and further incorporated into functional electronic components. High patterning resolution (100 µm) is achieved for all conductive polymers, with PEDOT showing impressive sheet resistance values. PEDOT is incorporated as conductive circuitry and as the active material in all‐printed electrochromic displays. The conductive polymer circuits allow for functional light emitting diodes, while the electrochromic displays are comparable to commercial displays utilizing PEDOT on plastic substrates.
Diet of snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) in green‐lipped mussel farms and adjacent soft‐sediment habitats
Authors: Underwood Lucy H. , van der Reis Aimee , Jeffs Andrew G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWild fish utilise aquaculture habitats for shelter and/or food resources. It is often assumed that fish respond to feed input, the abundance of the farmed species or the associated assemblage of biofouling which naturally colonises the structural habitats. However, few studies have directly analysed the composition of the diet of fish within aquaculture habitats, and of these most have focused on fed finfish aquaculture. Snapper are commonly present as adults within coastal mussel farms and tend to become a resident species of these farms. Therefore, they are a suitable case study species for exploring differences in diet between natural and aquaculture habitats. This study investigated the gut contents of snapper in soft‐sediment habitats within and outside of New Zealand green‐lipped mussel farms. Visual gut analysis and DNA metabarcoding methods were used to provide complementary analyses on the composition of gut contents between the mussel farm and natural (i.e., control) sites. Snapper within mussel farms were consistently found to have consumed different prey groups compared to the control snapper. Prey groups identified from mussel farm snapper gut contents could be directly linked to species commonly present in the farms, that is cultured green‐lipped mussels, blue mussels and barnacle biofouling. There was good alignment between the visual gut and genetic analyses for the key species identified. Overall, the results show that the highly abundant prey groups consumed by snapper in mussel farm habitats are likely to be beneficial to the snapper population, reducing foraging effort and potentially supplying more nutritious prey. These findings provide evidence towards the supporting services of mussel farm habitats through the provision of food resources.
Anatomical and anastomotic viability indexes for stratifying the risk of anastomotic leakage in esophagectomy with retrosternal reconstruction
Authors: Takahashi Keita , Nishikawa Katsunori , Tanishima Yuichiro , Ishikawa Yoshitaka , Kurogochi Takanori , Yuda Masami , Matsumoto Akira , Yano Fumiaki , Ikegami Toru , Eto Ken 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundRisk prediction of anastomotic leakage using anatomical and vascular factors has not been well established. This study aimed to assess the anatomical and vascular factors affecting the hemodynamics of the gastric conduit and develop a novel risk stratification system in patients undergoing esophagectomy with retrosternal reconstruction.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed 202 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent subtotal esophagectomy with gastric tube retrosternal reconstruction between January 2008 and December 2020. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage (AL), including the anatomical index (AI) and anastomotic viability index (AVI), were evaluated using a logistic regression model.ResultsAccording to the logistic regression model, the independent risk factors for AL were preoperative body mass index ≥23.6 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 7.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.44–26.00; P < 0.01), AI <1.4 (OR, 23.90; 95% CI, 5.02–114.00; P < 0.01), and AVI <0.62 (OR, 8.02; 95% CI, 2.57–25.00; P < 0.01). The patients were stratified into four AL risk groups using AI and AVI as follows: low‐risk group (AI ≥1.4, AVI ≥0.62 [2/99, 2.0%]), intermediate low‐risk group (AI ≥1.4, AVI <0.62 [2/29, 6.9%]), intermediate high‐risk group (AI <1.4, AVI ≥0.62 [8/53, 15.1%]), and high‐risk group (AI <1.4, AVI <0.62 [11/21, 52.4%]).ConclusionThe combination of AI and AVI strongly predicted AL. Additionally, the use of AI and AVI enabled the stratification of the risk of AL in patients who underwent esophagectomy with retrosternal reconstruction.
Among‐species variation in flower size determines florivory in the largest tropical wetland
Authors: Ortiz Gabriela L. , Columbano Yasmin , de Melo Maicon Velasco , Boaventura Maria Gabriela , Aoki Camila , Cornelissen Tatiana , Souza Camila S. , Teixido Alberto L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPremiseFlower damage caused by florivores often has negative consequences for plant reproduction. However, the factors affecting plant–florivore interactions are still poorly understood, especially the role of abiotic factors and interspecific variation in florivory within ecosystems. Thus, the patterns of florivory levels and its consequences for plant communities need to be investigated further.MethodsWe assessed the influence of abiotic factors related to climatic seasonality, of phylogenetic relationships among plants, and of functional attributes associated with attractiveness to pollinators on florivory incidence and intensity in the Pantanal, the world's largest tropical wetland. Between December 2020 and November 2021, the percentage of flowers attacked (incidence) and petal area removed (intensity) by florivores were examined in 51 species from 25 families, considering flowering season, the substrate where the plants occur, and flower attributes as potentially determining factors on florivory levels.ResultsPhylogeny and environmental factors did not have a significant influence on florivory. The only determinant of interspecific variation in florivory incidence and intensity was flower size, where larger flowers experienced higher florivory levels regardless of season and substrate, while flower arrangement and color were not significant factors.ConclusionsOur study is one of the first to estimate the community‐wide effects of biotic and abiotic factors on both the incidence and the intensity of florivory. The magnitude of this plant–florivore interaction may reduce reproductive success and entail selective pressures on plant attractiveness to pollinators.