bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preanalytical stability of plasma/serum brain‐derived tau
Authors: Gonzalez‐Ortiz Fernando , Dias Alexandre , Turton Michael , Magalhães Rui , Kac Przemysław R. , Correia Manuel , Harrison Peter , Zetterberg Henrik , Maia Luís F. , Blennow Kaj , Karikari Thomas K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe investigated the effects of matrix type and reagent batch changes on diagnostic performances and longitudinal trajectories of brain‐derived tau (BD‐tau).METHODSWe evaluated (i) Cohort 1: paired EDTA plasma and serum from Alzheimer biomarker‐positive older adults versus controls (n = 26); and (ii) Cohort 2: n = 79 acute ischemic stroke patients with 265 longitudinal samples across four time points.RESULTSIn Cohort 1, plasma and serum BD‐tau were strongly correlated (rho = 0.96, p < 0.0001) with similar diagnostic performances (AUCs >99%) and correlations with CSF total‐tau (rho = 0.93–0.94, p < 0.0001). However, absolute concentrations were ∼40% higher in plasma versus serum. In Cohort 2, first and repeated BD‐tau measurements showed a near‐perfect correlation (rho = 0.96, p < 0.0001), with no significant between‐batch concentration differences. In longitudinal analyses, substituting ∼10% of the first‐run concentrations for the remeasured values showed overlapping estimated trajectories without significant differences at any time point.DISCUSSIONBD‐tau has equivalent diagnostic accuracies, but non‐interchangeable absolute concentrations, in plasma versus serum. Furthermore, the analytical robustness is unaffected by batch‐to‐batch reagent variations.Highlights
Brain‐derived tau (BD‐tau) is a novel blood‐based biomarker that quantifies tau protein of CNS origin.
Effects of preanalytical handling procedures on the quality and reproducibility of BD‐tau measures are unknown.
In two cohorts of n = 105 participants, we compared BD‐tau concentrations and diagnostic performances in paired plasma and serum samples, and evaluated impacts of batch‐to‐batch reagent variations.
Paired plasma and serum showed equivalent diagnostic performances to separate amyloid‐positive AD from amyloid‐negative controls, indicating both can be used independently.
Repeated measurements and longitudinal trajectories of plasma BD‐tau were unaffected by batch‐to‐batch reagent variation.
Efficient Generation of Customized Caustics: Nondiffracting Deltoid and Pentagram Beams
Authors: Chen Rijian , Gong Ning , Liu Yefeng , Ren Zhijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study puts forward a powerful new strategy that allows highly efficient generation of the shaping transverse nondiffracting caustics that concentrate around the expected curve. First, under the condition of stationary phase approximation, as the typical example of caustic beams, the analytical formula of nondiffracting deltoid and pentagram caustics is theoretically derived. Based on the obtained analytical formula, the desired caustics of deltoid and pentagram are numerically simulated. Hence, their optical shape and the propagation characteristics of nondiffracting caustics can be investigated. Then, based on the given generating mechanism, the corresponding experimental system to experimentally explore the nondiffracting deltoid and pentagram caustics with good self‐healing properties is constructed. Compared with the previous generating methods, the proposed method has a high light energy utilization.
A Duplex Polymerization Strategy for General, Programmable and High‐Resolution Nanopore‐Based Sensing
Authors: Wu Ruiping , Wang Yesheng , Yu Jin , Li Huan , Yu Chunmiao , Wang Huaning , Wang Ming , Li Bingling 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNanopore sensing is highly promising in single molecular analysis but their broad applications have been challenged by the limited strategies that can transduce a target‐of‐interest into a specific and anti‐false/inference signal, especially for solid‐state nanopores with relatively lower resolution and higher noise. Here we report a high‐resolution signal‐production concept named target‐induced duplex polymerization strategy (DPS). Through linking the same or different duplex substrates (DSs) with a special linker (L) and an optional structure tag (ST), the DPS can generate target‐specific DS polymers with highly controllable duration times, duration intervals and even distinguished secondary tagging currents. Experimentally, DPS mono‐polymerization of single DS and co‐polymerization of multiple DSs has verified the duration time of a DPS product is the sum of those for each DS monomer. Tetrahedron‐DNA structures with different sizes are used as the STs to provide needle‐like secondary peaks for further resolution enhancement and multiplex assay. With these examples DPS represents a general, programmable and advanced strategy that may simultaneously provide size‐amplification, concentration amplification, and signal‐specificity for molecular recognition. It is also promisingly in various applications regarding to single molecular investigation, such as polymerization degree, structure/side chain conformation, programmable multiplex decoding and information index.
Increased Nitrogenase Activity in Solar‐Driven Biohybrids Containing Non‐photosynthetic Bacteria and Conducting Polymers
Authors: Zeng Yue , Bai Haotian , Yu Wen , Xia Shengpeng , Shen Qi , Huang Yiming , Lv Fengting , Bazan Guillermo C. , Wang Shu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA conductive polymer‐based photosynthetic biohybrid is constructed to enhance biological nitrogen fixation by increasing nitrogenase activity in the non‐photosynthetic bacterium Azotobacter Chroococcum (A. Chroococcum). The light‐harvesting cationic poly(fluorene‐alt‐phenylene) (PFP) electrostatically binds to the surface of the bacteria and possesses satisfactory conductivity to facilitate electron transfer to the bacterium, promoting the nitrogen fixation pathway through redox proteins on the surface of the bacteria when under illumination. Therefore, the nitrogenase activity, hydrogen, NH4+‐N and L‐amino acids production are increased by 260 %, 37 %, 44 %, and 47 %, respectively. The expression levels of nifD and nifK encoding molybdenum‐iron (MoFe) protein and relevant nitrogen‐fixing proteins are up‐regulated. These photoactive conductive polymer‐bacteria biohybrids provide a new method for improving the biological nitrogen fixation capability of non‐photosynthetic nitrogen‐fixing bacteria.
Photoredox Catalysis for the Synthesis of N‐CF2H Compounds Using 1‐((N‐(difluoromethyl)‐4‐methylphenyl)‐sulfonamido)pyridin‐1‐ium Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Authors: Lin Daniel , de los Rios Juan Pablo , Surya Prakash G. K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractN‐(difluoromethyl)amino (−NCF2H) compounds are of great interest given their unique and underexplored physiochemical properties. The lack of structural diversity in NCF2H compounds is likely due in part to the shortage of protocols for efficient installation. Presented herein is a new shelf‐stable pyridinium reagent that enables the direct installation of the N‐(difluoromethyl)sulfonamide moiety [N(Ts)CF2H)] onto (hetero)arenes and alkenes for the diversification of aryl and alkyl NCF2H compounds. The described protocol utilizes blue light photoredox catalysis and displays broad functional group tolerance with excellent chemoselectivity. Additional transformations and applicability towards a photoredox continuous flow protocol are also demonstrated.
Solar‐Driven CO2 Conversion via Optimized Photothermal Catalysis in a Lotus Pod Structure
Authors: Wang Hongmin , Fu Shuting , Shang Bo , Jeon Sungho , Zhong Yiren , Harmon Nia J. , Choi Chungseok , Stach Eric A. , Wang Hailiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotothermal CO2 reduction is one of the most promising routes to efficiently utilize solar energy for fuel production at high rates. However, this reaction is currently limited by underdeveloped catalysts with low photothermal conversion efficiency, insufficient exposure of active sites, low active material loading, and high material cost. Herein, we report a potassium‐modified carbon‐supported cobalt (K+−Co−C) catalyst mimicking the structure of a lotus pod that addresses these challenges. As a result of the designed lotus‐pod structure which features an efficient photothermal C substrate with hierarchical pores, an intimate Co/C interface with covalent bonding, and exposed Co catalytic sites with optimized CO binding strength, the K+−Co−C catalyst shows a record‐high photothermal CO2 hydrogenation rate of 758 mmol gcat−1 h−1 (2871 mmol gCo−1 h−1) with a 99.8 % selectivity for CO, three orders of magnitude higher than typical photochemical CO2 reduction reactions. We further demonstrate with this catalyst effective CO2 conversion under natural sunlight one hour before sunset during the winter season, putting forward an important step towards practical solar fuel production.
Hypothermia With Paradoxical Symptoms: A Case Series of Cesarean Deliveries With Intrathecal Morphine
Authors: Munday Judy , Ramis Mary‐Anne , Kynoch Kathryn , Maffey Simon , Steelman Victoria , Osborne Sonya 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTWomen receiving intrathecal morphine for cesarean delivery may experience hypothermia with paradoxical symptoms of sweating, nausea, and shivering. Despite being relatively rare in comparison to commonly experienced symptoms of perioperative hypothermia, hypothermia with paradoxical symptoms affects early maternal recovery and comfort. The cause is undetermined, and treatment approaches vary. Regular active‐warming strategies may not be tolerated because of the paradoxical symptoms of sweating and feeling overheated. This case series aims to explore the phenomenon through the evaluation of health care records of women receiving intrathecal morphine for cesarean delivery at a single, tertiary health care institution in Australia from 2015 to 2018. We also summarize published literature to review treatment approaches used in the care of women experiencing profound heat loss while feeling overheated.
Clinical Issues — June 2023
Authors: Wood Amber , Jones Emily 
Published: May 2023

THIS MONTH
Personal protective equipment in the decontamination area
Key words: decontamination, personal protective equipment (PPE), barrier level, droplets, sterile processing.
Administering opioids to patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Key words: opioids, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), moderate sedation and analgesia, respiratory depression, positive‐pressure ventilation.
Surgical smoke evacuation during Mohs surgery
Key words: Mohs, surgical smoke, evacuation, filtration, wall suction.
Using built‐in trocar filters for surgical smoke safety
Key words: ultra‐low particulate air filtration, activated carbon filtration, built‐in trocar filter, volatile organic compound (VOC), minimally invasive surgery (MIS).
Rapid preparation of liquid‐free, antifreeze, stretchable, and ion‐conductive eutectic gels with good compression resistance and self‐healing properties by frontal polymerization
Authors: Liu Jizhen , Li Bin , Wu Aolin , Qin Haibo , Xu Xiaojia , Yan Shilin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of elastomers from renewable raw material resources, with excellent properties, has been a major and difficult area of research. In this work, ternary polymerizable deep eutectic monomers (DEMs) were synthesized from acrylamide, choline chloride, and glycerol (Gy). A series of mixed hydrogels were prepared in 15 min through thermal initiation in DEM using a frontal chemical change. The eutectic gel exhibited good mechanical and self‐healing properties, and the mechanical and self‐healing properties of the target gel could be regulated by adjusting the proportion of Gy, while the eutectic gel could maintain high elongation and self‐healing efficiency at low temperatures. Additional, eutectic gels could be compressed to a strain of more than 80% and could immediately recover to their original state when the compression force was released. In the cyclic compression test, the eutectic gel cyclic compression curves showed a high degree of overlap, and no significant hysteresis was observed, even at a set strain of 80% and 100 cyclic compression times. In addition, the eutectic gel showed fine ionic conductivity, and both the water content and Gy content could affect its conductivity, giving it the potential to be used in the application of manufacturing pressure‐sensitive sensors.
Development of poly (linear low‐density ethylene)/poly (ethylene‐methyl co‐acrylate) blends with enhanced thermal‐stability and toughening behavior with adding of carbonaceous fillers
Authors: Nunes Mário A. B. S. , Garcia Pamela S. , de Melo Tomás J. A. , Fechine Guilhermino J. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, polymer blend nanocomposites based on carbon fillers were produced via melt‐compounding in a twin‐screw extruder. A combination of several matrices (LLDPE, EMA, and LLDPE/EMA) and fillers (FLG, FWCNT, and FLG/FWCNT) was used. Thermal enhancement as the consequence of few‐walled carbon nanotube addition, led to significant improvements in the initial degradation temperatures of LLDPE (383.2 > 441.2°C), EMA (371.2 > 417.3°C), and LLDPE/EMA (390.55 > 430.62°C) matrixes, respectively. The evaluation of the dynamic‐mechanical behavior of the compositions showed an increase of 80% in the storage module for LLDPE‐based nanocomposites, a reduction of 30% for blend‐based nanocomposites, and a non‐change for EMA nanocomposites. Tenacity property was considerably improved, achieving a value 78% higher to the LLDPE/EMA blend, mainly due to the possible migration of the nanoparticles from EMA phase to the LLDPE phase, creating a more efficient physical network with well‐developed percolating structure, which facilitates the dissipation of energy during mechanical loading. In summary, it can be observed that the morphology control as well as the nanofillers location, proved to be extremely relevant factors to produce a polymer film with enormous gains in the thermal and mechanical properties.
Effects of electrospun fibers containing ascorbic acid on oxidative stress reduction for cardiac tissue engineering
Authors: Handley Ella‐Louise , Callanan Anthony 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTissue engineering provides promise for regeneration of cardiac tissue following myocardial infarction. However, the harsh microenvironment of the infarct hampers the efficacy of regenerative therapies. Ischemia‐reperfusion injury dramatically increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the infarcted area, causing a cascade of further cellular injury. Implantable tissue engineered grafts can target this oxidative stress by delivering pharmaceutical compounds directly into the diseased tissue. Herein, we successfully fabricated electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers containing varying concentrations of ascorbic acid, a potent antioxidant well known for its ROS‐scavenging capabilities. The antioxidant scaffolds displayed significantly improved scavenging of DPPH radicals, superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, in a dose dependent manner. Mechanical properties testing indicated that incorporation of ascorbic acid enhanced the strength and Young's modulus of the material, correlating with a moderate but non‐significant increase in the crystallinity. Moreover, the scaffolds supported adhesion and maintained survival of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro, indicating good cytocompatibility. These results provide motivation for the use of ascorbic acid‐containing fibrous scaffolds to regulate the highly oxidative microenvironment following myocardial infarction.
Alleviation of dental caries by use of isolated potential probiotic and its characterization
Authors: Pallavi Preeti , Barik Adyasa , Sahoo Naresh , Rajhans Geetanjali , Raut Sangeeta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStreptococcus mutans plays a major role in biofilm formation and pathogenic bacterial adhesion. Here we investigated the abilities of our isolates from diverse conventional sources to characterize the beneficial bacteria for inhibition of S. mutans. Enterobacter cloacae PS‐74, a beneficial bacteria isolated from yoghurt, is gram negative, rod shaped, and resistant to acid, bile salt, and amylase. PS‐74 cell‐free supernatants (CFS) demonstrated highest zone of inhibition of 29 ± 1.7 mm. Further, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of CFS PS‐74 was recorded to be 10 μL and its minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was found to be 15μL which led to 99.9% log reduction of S. mutans. Moreover, the biofilm formation was reduced by 84.91% at MIC15 of CFS PS‐74 which alleviate the dental caries formation by S. mutans. This is the first report on E. cloacae PS‐74, which was studied for its probiotic properties to inhibit S. mutans MTCC‐890 due to the production of organic acids and employed in oral treatment.
Ratiometric mechanoluminescence in single Pr3+‐activated LiGa5O8
Authors: Wu Sheng , Xiong Puxian , Qin Kexin , Xiao Yao , Xiao Binli , Chen Kang , Jiang Dongliang , Wang Yinzhen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML) materials have found potential applications in information storage, anti‐counterfeiting, and stress sensing. Conventional stress sensing based on absolute ML intensity is prone to significant mistakes owing to the unpredictability of measurement surroundings. However, implementing a ratiometric ML sensing technique may considerably ameliorate this issue. In this study, a single activator‐doped gallate material (LiGa5O8:Pr3+) is proposed to determine the relationship between the ML intensity and the change in local positional symmetry that occurs when the material is subjected to stress. The sensing reliability of the ML intensity ratio under different factors (Force; Content; Thickness and Materials) is systematically analyzed, where the factor that has the greatest effect on the proportional ML is the concentration, with the ML intensity asymmetry ratio decreasing from 1.868 to 1.300 varying concentration at constant stress. The colour‐resolved visualization of stress sensing is further realized, which opens a new path for a ratiometric ML‐based strategy to improve the reliability of stress sensing.
The significance of a sense of being in control for young people who received counselling for self‐harm
Authors: Clamp Mark , Jones Steven , Limmer Mark 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundInstances of self‐harm by young people are rising and are an increasing challenge for healthcare and mental health services. Young people's negative experiences of accessing help and support when they self‐harm are a contributing factor to them not seeking help in future episodes.MethodSemistructured interviews were conducted with 10 young people aged 17–20 years old who had received therapy relating to self‐harm from a National Health Service (NHS) Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service in the East of England. The data were analysed using reflective thematic analysis.Findings and DiscussionThis study provides a new understanding of how a greater sense of feeling in control over their lives is a common goal for therapy for young people who self‐harm. This investigation also shows that gaining understanding or reclaiming a sense of being in control results in the young person experiencing the therapy in a positive light and assessing it as successful. The results also show that an increased sense of being in control is sometimes overlooked and a missing aspect of therapy with young people who self‐harm.
Postprocedural trans‐mitral gradient in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation undergoing mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair
Authors: De Felice Francesco , Paolucci Luca , Musto Carmine , Cifarelli Alberta , Coletta Silvio , Pennacchi Mauro , Stio Rocco , Gabrielli Domenico , Grasso Carmelo , Tamburino Corrado , Adamo Marianna , Denti Paolo , Giordano Arturo , De Marco Federico , Montorfano Matteo , Baldi Cesare , Mongiardo Annalisa , Monteforte Ida , Maffeo Diego , Giannini Cristina , Crimi Gabriele , Tarantini Giuseppe , Popolo Rubbio Antonio , Bedogni Francesco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between high postprocedural mean gradient (ppMG) and clinical events following mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (MV‐TEER) in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) is still debated.AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of elevated ppMG after MV‐TEER on clinical events in patients with DMR at 1‐year follow‐up.MethodsThe study included 371 patients with DMR treated with MV‐TEER enrolled in the “Multi‐center Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (GISE) registry of trans‐catheter treatment of mitral valve regurgitation” (GIOTTO) registry. Patients were stratified in tertiles according to ppMG. Primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause death and hospitalization due to heart failure at 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsPatients were stratified as follows: 187 with a ppMG ≤ 3 mmHg, 77 with a ppMG > 3/=4 mmHg, and 107 with a ppMG > 4 mmHg. Clinical follow‐up was available in all subjects. At multivariate analysis, neither a ppMG > 4 mmHg nor a ppMG ≥ 5 mmHg were independently associated with the outcome. Notably, the risk of elevated residual MR (rMR > 2+) was significantly higher in patients belonging to the highest tertile of ppMG (p = 0.009). The association of ppMG > 4 mmHg and rMR ≥ 2+ was strongly and independently associated with adverse events (hazard ratio: 1.98; 95% confidence interval: [1.10–3.58]).ConclusionsIn a real‐world cohort of patients suffering DMR and treated with MV‐TEER, isolated ppMG was not associated with the outcome at 1‐year follow‐up. A high proportion of patients showed both elevated ppMG and rMR and their combination appeared to be a strong predictor of adverse events.
Enabling heterogeneous catalysis to achieve carbon neutrality: Directional catalytic conversion of CO2 into carboxylic acids
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Huang Wenhuan , Yu Le , García‐Melchor Max , Wang Dingsheng , Zhi Linjie , Zhang Huabin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has exacerbated the deterioration of the global environment, which should be controlled to achieve carbon neutrality. Central to the core goal of achieving carbon neutrality is the utilization of CO2 under economic and sustainable conditions. Recently, the strong need for carbon neutrality has led to a proliferation of studies on the direct conversion of CO2 into carboxylic acids, which can effectively alleviate CO2 emissions and create high‐value chemicals. The purpose of this review is to present the application prospects of carboxylic acids and the basic principles of CO2 conversion into carboxylic acids through photo‐, electric‐, and thermal catalysis. Special attention is focused on the regulation strategy of the activity of abundant catalysts at the molecular level, inspiring the preparation of high‐performance catalysts. In addition, theoretical calculations, advanced technologies, and numerous typical examples are introduced to elaborate on the corresponding process and influencing factors of catalytic activity. Finally, challenges and prospects are provided for the future development of this field. It is hoped that this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of the conversion of CO2 into carboxylic acids and inspire more innovative breakthroughs.