bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slovenia: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: KRAŠOVEC ALENKA 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 2022, voters in Slovenia were invited several times to the polling stations, starting with the National Assembly elections in spring, followed by presidential and local elections. In addition, three nationwide referenda were held in November. The National Assembly elections saw the victory of a newly established party and the appointment of yet another political newcomer to the position of Prime Minister. Only five parties managed to pass the parliamentary threshold, the smallest number since the country's democratic transition. The centre‐left coalition government was formed by three parties. Many reforms were promised to be prepared by the new government, including a revitalisation of democracy after several years of democratic backsliding, along with a promise that those in public office will behave differently. The new government formed in June enjoyed high public support in 2022, and by the end of the year, 45 per cent of voters assessed its work as (very) positive.
Sweden: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: WIDENSTJERNA THOMAS , WIDFELDT ANDERS 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe year 2022 in Swedish politics was historic for several reasons. Following the war between Russia and Ukraine, Sweden broke with its long tradition of non‐alignment and submitted an application for membership of NATO. After a closely fought election, a right‐of‐centre minority coalition took office, depending on support from the previously isolated Sweden Democrats. At least initially, the change of government seemed to signify a change to more stability, after several turbulent years since 2014. The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic more or less disappeared, but the new government faced several other challenges, including rising energy prices and growing inflationary pressure. The Liberals changed leader. A constitutional amendment was adopted which, according to critics, would make investigative journalism more difficult.
Trusting and thinking anew
Authors: Roy Srila 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis essay responds to the contributions to the forum centered on my book Changing the Subject: Feminist and Queer Politics in Neoliberal India. It addresses questions posed by the contributors, from the role of the state to the digital when it comes to a rapidly changing terrain of queer and feminist organizing in contemporary India. While the book rallied against defensiveness, in this commentary I revisit defensiveness as a queer feminist political affect. Through the provocations offered in this book forum conversation, I find renewed faith in asserting friction, inconvenience, ambivalence, and defensiveness as ways of expanding queer feminisms as ongoing sites of struggle, transformation, trust, solidarity, and hope.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of prolonged paracetamol treatment in neonates: An interventional cohort study
Authors: Haslund‐Krog Sissel , Barry Jessica M. , Birnbaum Angela K. , Dalhoff Kim , Brink Henriksen Tine , Sherwin Catherine M. T. , Avachat Charul , Poulsen Susanne , Christensen Ulla , Remmel Rory P. , Wilkins Diana , van den Anker John N. , Holst Helle 
Published: June 2023

AimsTo investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of prolonged paracetamol use (>72 h) for neonatal pain.MethodsNeonates were included if they received paracetamol orally or intravenously for pain treatment. A total of 126 samples were collected. Alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin were measured as surrogate liver safety markers. Paracetamol and metabolites were measured in plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters for the parent compound were estimated with a nonlinear mixed‐effects model.ResultsForty‐eight neonates were enrolled (38 received paracetamol for >72 h). Median gestational age was 38 weeks (range 25–42), and bodyweight at inclusion was 2954 g (range 713–4750). Neonates received 16 doses (range 4–55) over 4.1 days (range 1–13.8). The median (range) dose was 10.1 mg/kg (2.9–20.3). The median oxidative metabolite concentration was 14.6 μmol/L (range 0.12–113.5) and measurable >30 h after dose. There was no significant difference (P > .05) between alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin measures at <72 h or >72 h of paracetamol treatment or the start and end of the study. Volume of distribution and paracetamol clearance for a 2.81‐kg neonate were 2.99 L (% residual standard error = 8, 95% confidence interval 2.44–3.55) and 0.497 L/h (% residual standard error = 7, 95% confidence interval 0.425–0.570), respectively. Median steady‐state concentration from the parent model was 50.3 μmol/L (range 30.6–92.5), and the half‐life was 3.55 h (range 2.41–5.65).ConclusionOur study did not provide evidence of paracetamol‐induced liver injury nor changes in metabolism in prolonged paracetamol administration in neonates.
Application of the theoretical framework of acceptability in a surgical setting: Theoretical and methodological insights
Authors: Paynter Camille , McDonald Cassie , Story David , Francis Jill J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeMethods for assessing acceptability of healthcare interventions have been inconsistent until the development of the theoretical framework of acceptability (TFA). Despite its rapid adoption in healthcare research, the TFA has rarely been used to assess acceptability of surgical interventions. We sought to explore the sufficiency of the TFA in this context and provide methodological guidance to support systematic use of this framework in research.MethodAcceptability was assessed in a consecutive sample of 15 patients at least 3 months post‐joint replacement surgery via theory‐informed semi‐structured interviews. A detailed description of the application of the TFA is reported. This includes: development of the interview guide (including questions to assess theoretical sufficiency), analysis of interview data and interpretation of findings.ResultsInterview data were substantially codable into the TFA constructs but required the addition of a construct, labelled ‘perceived safety and risk’, and relabelling and redefining an existing construct (new label: ‘opportunity costs and gains’). Methodological recommendations for theory‐informed interview studies include producing interview support material to enhance precision of the intervention description, conducting background conversations with a range of stakeholders in the healthcare setting, and conducting first inductive and then deductive thematic analysis.ConclusionThe sufficiency of the TFA could be enhanced for use when assessing interventions with an identifiable risk profile, such as surgery, by the inclusion of an additional construct to capture perceptions of risk and safety. We offer these methodological recommendations to guide researchers and facilitate consistency in the application of the TFA in theory‐informed interview studies.
Co‐developing guidance for conservation: An example for seabirds in the North‐East Atlantic in the face of climate change impacts
Authors: Häkkinen Henry , Taylor Nigel G. , Pettorelli Nathalie , Sutherland William J. , Aldará Jón , Anker‐Nilssen Tycho , Aulert Christophe , van Bemmelen Rob S. A. , Burnell Daisy , Cadiou Bernard , Campioni Letizia , Clark Bethany L. , Dehnhard Nina , Dias Maria P. , Enners Leonie , Furness Robert W. , Hallgrímsson Gunnar Þór , Hammer Sjúrður , Hansen Erpur Snær , Hario Martti , Hurling Stephen , Jessopp Mark , Kleinschmidt Birgit , Leivits Meelis , Maniszewska Klaudyna , Oppel Steffen , Payo‐Payo Ana , Piec Daniel , Ramos Jaime A. , Robin Frédéric , Sørensen Iben Hove , Stīpniece Antra , Thompson Danielle L. , Vulcano Antonio , Petrovan Silviu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConservation guidance—an authoritative source of information and recommendations explicitly supporting decision‐making and action regarding nature conservation—represents an important tool to communicate evidence‐based advice to conservation actors. Given the rapidly increasing pressure that climate change poses to biodiversity, producing accessible, well‐informed guidance on how to best manage the impacts and risks of changing climatic conditions is particularly urgent. Guidance documents should ideally be produced with multistage input from stakeholders who are likely to use and implement such advice; however, this step can be complicated and costly, and remains largely unformalized. Moreover, there is currently little direct evidence synthesized for actions that specifically target climate change and guidance remains largely absent. Here, we introduce a process for co‐developing guidance for species conservation in the face of climate change, using seabirds in the North‐East Atlantic as a case study. Specifically, we collated evidence on climate change vulnerability and possible conservation actions using literature synthesis, stakeholder surveys, and ecological modeling. This evidence base was then discussed, refined, and expanded using structured stakeholder workshops. We summarize the knowledge gained through stakeholder engagement and provide recommendations for future international efforts to co‐produce conservation guidance for managing wildlife, in the context of a rapidly changing climate.
Donor supply for partial heart transplantation in the United States
Authors: Quintao Ritchelli , Kwon Jennie H. , Bishara Katherine , Rajab Taufiek Konrad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of birth defects worldwide. Valvular defects are a common form of CHDs, and, at this time, treatment options for children with unrepairable valve disease are limited. Issues with anticoagulation, sizing, and lack of growth in valve replacement options can lead to high mortality rates and incidence of reoperations. Partial heart transplantation, or transplantation of fresh valve allografts, has recently been described as a strategy to provide a durable and non‐thrombogenic alternative to conventional prostheses and provide growth potential in pediatric patients.MethodsThe United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was queried to analyze the number of pediatric donor hearts that were not recovered but had viable valves (n = 3565) between January 2010 and September 2021. Recoverable valves were grouped by donor age: infants (age < 1 year), toddlers (age ≥1 and <3 years), and children (age ≥3 and <18 years). Demographic characteristics of donors were analyzed between age groups.ResultsInfants, toddlers, and children had a total of 344, 465, and 2756 hearts with recoverable valves, respectively, over the study period, representing an average of 29, 39, and 230 hearts with recoverable valves per year.ConclusionThe results of our study identify the minimum donor supply for partial heart transplantation. The actual number is likely higher because it includes hearts not entered in the UNOS database and domino transplants from orthotopic heart transplant recipients. Partial heart transplantation is logistically feasible as there are recoverable valves available for all age groups, fulfilling a clinical need in pediatric patients with unrepairable valve disease.
Association between glycaemia risk index (GRI) and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: A cohort study
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Lu Jingyi , Ni Jiaying , Wang Ming , Shen Yun , Lu Wei , Zhu Wei , Bao Yuqian , Rodbard David , Vigersky Robert A. , Jia Weiping , Zhou Jian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between a new composite metric, glycaemia risk index (GRI), and incident diabetic retinopathy (DR).MethodsA total of 1204 adults with type 2 diabetes without DR at baseline were included between 2005 and 2019 from a single centre in Shanghai, China. GRI was obtained from continuous glucose monitoring data at baseline. Cox proportion hazard regression analysis was used to assess the association between GRI and the risk of incident DR.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 8.4 years, 301 patients developed DR. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident DR across ascending GRI quartiles (≤14 [reference], 15 ~ 28, 29 ~ 47 and > 47) were 1.00, 1.05 (95% CI 0.74‐1.48), 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96‐1.84) and 1.53 (95% CI 1.11‐2.11), respectively. For each 1‐SD increase in GRI, the risk of DR was increased by 20% (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07‐1.33) after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, higher GRI is associated with an increased risk of incident DR. GRI has the potential to be a valuable clinical measure, which needs to be further explored in future studies.
Central vein sign and paramagnetic rim sign: From radiologically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis
Authors: Abou Mrad Tatiana , Naja Kim , Khoury Samia J. , Hannoun Salem 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has led to an increase in incidental findings in the central nervous system. Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) is a condition where imaging reveals lesions suggestive of demyelinating disease without any clinical episodes consistent with multiple sclerosis (MS). The prognosis for RIS patients is uncertain, with some remaining asymptomatic while others progress to MS. Several risk factors for disease progression have been identified, including male sex, younger age at diagnosis, and spinal cord lesions. This article reviews two promising biomarkers, the central vein sign (CVS) and the paramagnetic rim sign (PRS), and their potential role in the diagnosis and prognosis of MS and RIS. Both CVS and PRS have been shown to be accurate diagnostic markers in MS, with high sensitivity and specificity, and have been useful in distinguishing MS from other disorders. Further research is needed to validate these findings and determine the clinical utility of these biomarkers in routine practice.
Diagnosing nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Defining electroencephalographic and clinical response to diagnostic intravenous antiseizure medication trials
Authors: Leitinger Markus , Gaspard Nicolas , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Beniczky Sándor , Kaplan Peter W. , Husari Khalil , Trinka Eugen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe Salzburg criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) and the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS) Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology 2021 include a diagnostic trial with intravenous (IV) antiseizure medications (ASMs) to assess electroencephalographic (EEG) and clinical response as a diagnostic criterion for definite NCSE and possible NCSE. However, how to perform this diagnostic test and assessing the EEG and clinical responses have not been operationally defined.MethodsWe performed a Delphi process involving six experts to standardize the diagnostic administration of IV ASM and propose operational criteria for EEG and clinical response.ResultsEither benzodiazepines (BZDs) or non‐BZD ASMs can be used as first choice for a diagnostic IV ASM trial. However, non‐BZDs should be considered in patients who already have impaired alertness or are at risk of respiratory depression. Levetiracetam, valproate, lacosamide, brivaracetam, or (if the only feasible drug) fosphenytoin or phenobarbital were deemed appropriate for a diagnostic IV trial. The starting dose should be approximately two thirds to three quarters of the full loading dose recommended for treatment of status epilepticus, with an additional smaller dose if needed. ASMs should be administered during EEG recording under supervision. A monitoring time of at least 15 min is recommended. If there is no response, a second trial with another non‐BDZ or BDZs may be considered. A positive EEG response is defined as the resolution of the ictal–interictal continuum pattern for at least three times the longest previously observed spontaneous interval of resolution (if any), but minimum of one continuous minute. For a clinical response, physicians should use a standardized examination before and after IV ASM administration. We suggest a definite time‐locked improvement in a focal deficit or at least one‐step improvement on a new dedicated one‐domain 10‐level NCSE response scale.SignificanceThe proposed standardized approach of a diagnostic IV ASM trial further refines the ACNS and Salzburg diagnostic criteria for NCSE.
What is autoimmune encephalitis‐associated epilepsy? Proposal of a practical definition
Authors: Rada Anna , Bien Christian G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeizures resulting from cerebral autoimmunity are either acutely symptomatic in the context of autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) with neural surface antibodies, or they are indicative of an enduring predisposition to seizures, that is, epilepsy. Here, we propose a practical definition for autoimmune encephalitis‐associated epilepsy (AEAE): Seizures associated with antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, paraneoplastic syndromes, or Rasmussen encephalitis are classified as AEAE. AEAE secondary to AIE with antibodies against the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor, leucine‐rich glioma inactivated protein 1, contactin‐associated protein‐2, or γ‐aminobutyric acid‐B receptor can be diagnosed if the following criteria are met: seizures persist for at least 2 years after immunotherapy initiation; no signs of encephalitis on magnetic resonance imaging and no fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography hypermetabolism; normal cerebrospinal fluid cell count; and a substantial decrease in antibody titers. This classification corresponds to different disease mechanisms. While AIE results from the pathogenic effects of neural antibodies, AEAE is probably the consequence of encephalitis‐related tissue damage and thereby mainly structurally mediated. The distinction between AIE and AEAE also has practical consequences: In AIE, immunotherapy is usually highly beneficial, whereas anti‐seizure medication has little effect. In AEAE, immunotherapy is less promising and the usual anti‐seizure interventions are preferable. In addition, the diagnosis of AEAE has social consequences in terms of driving and professional limitations.
Treatment challenges in equine fibrosarcomas: Can the harmonic scalpel help in the treatment success?
Authors: Abu‐Seida Ashraf M. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryFibrosarcoma is relatively uncommon aggressive neoplasm, representing less than 3% of all neoplasms recorded in horses. Successful treatment of fibrosarcoma can be challenging in equine and recurrence is a common late complication. The accompanying paper by Bellitto et al. (2023,Equine Veterinary Education,10.1111/eve.13808) illustrates the successful surgical treatment of a large fibrosarcoma over the medial and plantar aspect of the left distal limb in an 18‐year‐old Warmblood gelding. The authors report on the success of treatment after surgical excision of the tumour under general anaesthesia using a harmonic scalpel. The gelding recovered well after 1 year of surgery with no recurrence at that time. Further clinical studies are recommended to compare the harmonic scalpel with other modalities like surgical lasers and conventional sharp excision for treatment of fibrosarcoma in horses as well as to understand the potential benefits of using the harmonic scalpel when treating infiltrative tumours such as fibrosarcoma. The publication of this case report inEquine Veterinary Educationis of clinical importance to equine practitioners when treating equine infiltrative neoplasms such as fibrosarcomas.
Advances in remote sensing of freshwater fish habitat: A systematic review to identify current approaches, strengths and challenges
Authors: Kuiper Spencer Dakin , Coops Nicholas C. , Hinch Scott G. , White Joanne C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRemote sensing technology offers the ability to derive information on freshwater fish habitats across broad geographic areas and has the potential to transform approaches to monitoring. However, the numerous platforms, sensors and analytical software that are available may overwhelm those interested in utilizing this important technology and thus limit its broad application and uptake. Our review is intended to shed light on the capacity of this technology to transform freshwater fish habitat monitoring by examining the fundamental characteristics of the major remote sensing technologies that have been used for characterizing freshwater habitats, conducting a systematic literature review of studies that have used remote sensing technologies to characterize freshwater fish habitats and, highlighting some of the key habitat features, fish species and regions, that have been examined. Lastly, we identify the relative strengths and weaknesses of the various remote sensing technologies that can be used, recommend future research that could help improve the use of these technologies, and, provide a series of important considerations for those who are interested in utilizing these technologies for freshwater fish habitat characterization.
Aquatic connectivity treatments increase fish and macroinvertebrate use of Typha‐invaded Great Lakes coastal wetlands
Authors: Lishawa Shane C. , Schrank Amy J. , Lawrence Beth A. , Monks Andrew M. , Albert Dennis A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Coastal wetlands provide critical habitat for aquatic organisms and important ecosystem services for the terrestrial and aquatic landscapes that they bridge, but increasingly common invasive macrophytes disrupt plant communities, food webs, habitat structure and littoral–pelagic linkages. In Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands, invasive cattails (Typha × glauca and T. angustifolia, hereafter Typha) homogenise ecosystem structure and reduce nearshore dissolved oxygen, and plant, fish and macroinvertebrate diversity. We hypothesised that management treatments which reduce Typha and its abundant litter promote structural heterogeneity and mitigate physicochemical and biodiversity impacts.

To test this hypothesis, we implemented a large‐scale (2,048 m2 treatment units), multi‐site (four coastal wetlands) experiment in northern Michigan (U.S.A.) to examine how invasive Typha mechanical harvesting treatments (biomass harvest, aquatic connectivity channels, Typha‐dominated control) altered fish, macroinvertebrate, plant, larval amphibian abundance and diversity, and water quality for 2‐year post‐treatment.

Both harvest and channel treatments reduced Typha biomass, cover and dominance; harvest increased multi‐taxa species richness, fish diversity and abundance; and channels altered plant, fish, and macroinvertebrate community structures. Dissolved oxygen was greater and litter was reduced by both treatments, indicating likely mechanisms for shifts in fish and macroinvertebrate use.

Our results suggest that harvesting invasive macrophytes can ameliorate biodiversity impacts and improve habitat quality, and that adding aquatic connectivity channels can increase community complexity.

Typha management that incorporates both harvesting and aquatic connectivity channels appears to provide the greatest benefit to several taxonomic groups, likely by reducing Typha and its litter, increasing dissolved oxygen availability, and increasing the connection between open water and wetland interiors. Increasing habitat complexity and aquatic connectivity of invaded wetlands can promote biodiversity and provides a more realistic management goal than the complete elimination of invasive macrophytes.