bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic genes’ expression in human NAFLD
Authors: Herranz Jose M. , López-Pascual Amaya , Clavería-Cabello Alex , Uriarte Iker , Latasa M. Ujúe , Irigaray-Miramon Ainara , Adán-Villaescusa Elena , Castelló-Uribe Borja , Sangro Bruno , Arechederra María , Berasain Carmen , Avila Matías A. , Fernández-Barrena Maite G 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial condition with a complex etiology. Its incidence is increasing globally in parallel with the obesity epidemic, and it is now considered the most common liver disease in Western countries. The precise mechanisms underlying the development and progression of NAFLD are complex and still poorly understood. The dysregulation of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanisms is increasingly recognized to play pathogenic roles in multiple conditions, including chronic liver diseases. Here, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic genes in a total of 903 liver tissue samples corresponding to patients with normal liver, obese patients, and patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advancing stages in NAFLD progression. We integrated ten transcriptomic datasets in an unbiased manner, enabling their robust analysis and comparison. We describe the complete landscape of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic genes’ expression along the course of the disease. We identify signatures of genes significantly dysregulated in association with disease progression, particularly with liver fibrosis development. Most of these epigenetic and epitranscriptomic effectors have not been previously described in human NAFLD, and their altered expression may have pathogenic implications. We also performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression of enzymes involved in the metabolism of the substrates and cofactors of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic effectors. This study provides novel information on NAFLD pathogenesis and may also guide the identification of drug targets to treat this condition and its progression towards hepatocellular carcinoma.
An enviro-economic RAM-based optimization of biomass-driven combined heat and power generation
Authors: Rezaei Masoud , Sameti Mohammad , Nasiri Fuzhan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInherent uncertainties of biomass-driven systems including seasonality, supply chain problems, and energy conversion limitations put reliability and availability of such systems under question. The optimization of the energy systems taken into account the reliability, availability and maintainability (denoted by RAM), parameters, and constraints can dramatically change the system design, configuration, and operation. An enviro-economic optimization of biomass-powered energy systems, considering the impact of the reliability and maintainability parameters in the final optimal cost of the energy generation and after-commissioning operation, is pinpointed in this study. The objective function was developed as an explicit function to provide the system performance parameters such as rated capacities and utilization times and reliability elements such as maintenance intervals and mean time to failure (denoted by MTTF) as independent parameters for the multivariable nonlinear optimization problem. Such parameters are then used for deriving maintainability and availability parameters such as mean time to repair (denoted by MTTR) to assure the required availability levels. Developing a methodology to be used for performing the same analysis for other configurations using distinguished energy systems, storage or biomass fuel is another problem that was considered in this research. The results showed that integrating RAM parameters to optimization analysis still keeps the biomass-fueled systems competitive economically with other energy systems. The study showed that a biomass-powered system is more sensitive to electrical module performance parameters than to thermal module and biomass types. Furthermore, thermal module requires more frequent maintenance activities in comparison with electrical module in order to retain a system reliability level above the thresholds. Moreover, reliability can be integrated as a nonlinear constraint into the above-mentioned optimization problem, resulting in optimal rated capacities closer to maximum nominal capacities in case of electrical module. RAM integration to optimization changes the performance parameters of an enviro-economic optimization analysis. The sensitivity to parameters and approaches could be high, and other fuels, technologies, or system configurations shall be considered to deliver more confident results.
Risk Assessment of Debris Flows Along the Karakoram Highway (Kashgar-Khunjerab Section) in the Context of Climate Change
Authors: Li Yamei , Zou Qiang , Hao Jiansheng , Su Lijun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Karakoram highway (KKH) is renowned for its complex natural environment and geological conditions. The climate changes drastically and directly influences the frequency and magnitude of debris flows in this region, resulting in significant casualties and economic losses. However, the risk assessment of debris flows along the KKH in the context of climate change has been rarely explored. Therefore, in this study we used the debris flow data, historical meteorological data and future climate prediction data to assess the debris flow risk of the study region during the baseline period (2009–2018), 2025s (2021–2030), 2035s (2031–2040) and 2045s (2041–2050) under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. The results show that the risk of debris flows increases with climate change, with the highest risk level in the 2025s. Among different parts of this highway, the upper reaches of the Ghez River and the second half of Tashkorgan-Khunjerab are the sections with the highest risk. These findings are helpful for debris flow prevention and can offer coping strategies for the existing line of the KKH. They also provide some reference for the renovation, improvement, operation, and maintenance of the KKH.
Improving the Odds—COVID-Omics and Predicting Patient Outcomes
Authors: Shi Audrey A. , Mansour Sherry G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The global COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives and harmed hundreds of millions more. Amidst this crisis, scientists have used multi-omics to understand and combat the virus. The purpose of this review is to provide the latest and most impactful work in COVID-omics.

Recent Findings
Multi-omics has identified risk-stratification criteria to predict viral severity among COVID-19 patients. Omic methods have also unlocked targetable biomarkers in viral pathways and enabled public health agencies to curb transmission by genomic tracing. Transplant researchers have used multi-omics to assess the safety of transplanting organs from COVID-positive donors, and whether patient immunosuppression regimens should be maintained. Lastly, maximizing multi-omic impact by nurturing future collaborations between mutli-omic labs and public health agencies and pharmaceutical companies will be critical in successfully facing the next pandemic.

Summary
This review focuses on contributions within the field of COVID-omics, including patient risk stratification and viral pathway analysis, genomic public health surveillance, and transplant clinician recommendations.
Impact of cavitation and inflow perturbation on the performance of a horizontal-axis tidal turbine
Authors: Capone Alessandro , DiFelice Fabio , Salvatore Francesco , Maddukkari Harish , Kaufmann Nicholas , Starzmann Ralf 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe impact of cavitation and inflow perturbation by an upstream support structure on the performance of a horizontal-axis tidal turbine has been studied by experiments at model scale in a depressurized water channel at CNR-INM. Measurements of turbine generated power and thrust have been carried out at varying channel flow speed, tip-speed ratio, and cavitation number. The visualization of cavitation patterns has been associated with the performance measurements to identify the role played by different cavitation types on turbine behavior. Radiated noise measurement were also performed to assess the impact of cavitation phenomena on turbine induced acoustic signature.
Integration of Multiple Heterointerfaces in a Hierarchical 0D@2D@1D Structure for Lightweight, Flexible, and Hydrophobic Multifunctional Electromagnetic Protective Fabrics
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Liu Xuehua , Jia Chenyu , Sun Zhengshuo , Jiang Haowen , Jia Zirui , Wu Guanglei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of wearable multifunctional electromagnetic protective fabrics with multifunctional, low cost, and high efficiency remains a challenge. Here, inspired by the unique flower branch shape of “Thunberg’s meadowsweet” in nature, a nanofibrous composite membrane with hierarchical structure was constructed. Integrating sophisticated 0D@2D@1D hierarchical structures with multiple heterointerfaces can fully unleash the multifunctional application potential of composite membrane. The targeted induction method was used to precisely regulate the formation site and morphology of the metal–organic framework precursor, and intelligently integrate multiple heterostructures to enhance dielectric polarization, which improves the impedance matching and loss mechanisms of the electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. Due to the synergistic enhancement of electrospinning-derived carbon nanofiber “stems”, MOF-derived carbon nanosheet “petals” and transition metal selenide nano-particle “stamens”, the CoxSey/NiSe@CNSs@CNFs (CNCC) composite membrane obtains a minimum reflection loss value (RLmin) of -68.40 dB at 2.6 mm and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.88 GHz at a thin thickness of 2.0 mm with a filling amount of only 5 wt%. In addition, the multi-component and hierarchical heterostructure endow the fibrous membrane with excellent flexibility, water resistance, thermal management, and other multifunctional properties. This work provides unique perspectives for the precise design and rational application of multifunctional fabrics.
Environmentally Responsible Lightweight Passenger Vehicle Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Daehn Glenn S. , Daehn Katrin E. , Kuttner Oliver 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe mass reduction of passenger vehicles has been a great focus of academic research and federal policy initiatives of the United States with coordinated funding efforts and even a focus of a Manufacturing USA Institute. The potential benefit of these programs can be described as modest from a societal point of view, for example reducing vehicle mass by up to 25% with modest cost implications (under $5 per pound saved) and the ability to implement with existing manufacturing methods. Much more aggressive reductions in greenhouse gas production are necessary and possible, while delivering the same service. This is demonstrated with a higher-level design thinking exercise on an environmentally responsible lightweight vehicle, leading to the following criteria: lightweight, low aerodynamic drag, long-lived (over 30 years and 2 million miles), adaptable, electric, and used in a shared manner on average over 8 h per day. With these specifications, passenger-mile demand may be met with around 1/10 of the current fleet. Such vehicles would likely have significantly different designs and construction than incumbent automobiles. It is likely future automotive production will be more analogous to current aircraft production with higher costs per pound and lower volumes, but with dramatically reduced financial and environmental cost per passenger mile, with less material per vehicle, and far less material required in the national or worldwide fleets. Subsidiary benefits of this vision include far fewer parking lots, greater accessibility to personal transportation, and improved pedestrian safety, while maintaining a vibrant and engaging economy. The systemic changes to the business models and research and development directions (including lightweight design and manufacturing) are discussed, which could bring forth far more sustainable personal transportation.
Use of Real-World Evidence for Drug Regulatory Decisions in China: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Li Pei , Wang Su , Chen Yuwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReal-world data (RWD) and real-world evidence (RWE) have garnered great interest for supporting drug research and development (R&D) by medical researchers and regulators in recent years. The application and development of RWD/E in drug regulatory decision-making have been vigorously promoted in China. This study seeks to provide a broad overview of how RWE has been contributing to drug regulatory decisions in China. In this paper, we review the development of RWD and RWE, summarize key elements that promote application of RWE, introduce relevant methods and guidelines, elaborate on the opportunities and challenges of RWE in regulatory decision-making in China, and put forward suggestions to promote the application of RWE in China’s regulatory decision-making and to further facilitate innovative drug evaluation and regulation.
Three decades of machine learning with neural networks in computer-aided architectural design (1990–2021)
Authors: Rhee Jinmo , Veloso Pedro , Krishnamurti Ramesh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Over the past years, computational methods based on deep learning—that is, machine learning with multilayered neural networks—have become state-of-the-art in main research areas in computer-aided architectural design (CAAD). To understand current trends of CAAD with deep learning, to situate them in a broader historical context, and to identify future research challenges, this article presents a systematic review of publications that apply neural networks to CAAD problems. Research papers employing neural networks were collected, in particular, from CumInCad a major open-access repository of the CAAD community and categorized into different types of research problems. Upon analyzing the distribution of the papers in these categories, namely, the composition of research subjects, data types, and neural network models, this article suggests and discusses several historical and technical trends. Moreover, it identifies that the publications analyzed typically provide limited access to important research components used as part of their deep learning methods. The article points out the importance of sharing training experiments and data, of describing the dataset, dataset parameters, dataset samples, model, learning parameters, and learning results to support reproducibility. It proposes a guideline that aims at increasing the quality and availability of CAAD research with machine learning.
Pathways to cultural adaptation: the coevolution of cumulative culture and social networks
Authors: Smolla Marco , Akçay Erol 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Humans have adapted to an immense array of environments by accumulating culturally transmitted knowledge and skills. Adaptive culture can accumulate either via more distinct cultural traits or via improvements of existing cultural traits. The kind of culture that accumulates depends on, and coevolves with, the social structure of societies. Here, we show that the coevolution of learning networks and cumulative culture results in two distinct pathways to cultural adaptation: highly connected populations with high proficiency but low trait diversity vs. sparsely connected populations with low proficiency but higher trait diversity. Importantly, we show there is a conflict between group-level payoffs, which are maximised in highly connected groups that attain high proficiency, and individual level selection, which favours disconnection. This conflict emerges from the interaction of social learning with population structure and causes populations to cycle between the two cultural and network states. The same conflict creates a paradox where increasing innovation rate lowers group payoffs. Finally, we explore how populations navigate these two pathways in environments where payoffs differ among traits and can change over time, showing that high proficiency is favoured when payoffs are stable and vary strongly between traits, while frequent changes in trait payoffs favour more trait diversity. Our results illustrate the complex interplay between networks, learning and the environment, and so inform our understanding of human social evolution.
Iodine and plant-based diets: a narrative review and calculation of iodine content
Authors: Nicol Katie , Nugent Anne P. , Woodside Jayne V. , Hart Kathryn H. , Bath Sarah C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn increasing number of food-based recommendations promote a plant-based diet to address health concerns and environmental sustainability in global food systems. As the main sources of iodine in many countries are fish, eggs and dairy products, it is unclear whether plant-based diets, such as the EAT-Lancet reference diet, would provide sufficient iodine. This is important as iodine, through the thyroid hormones, is required for growth and brain development; adequate iodine intake is especially important before, and during, pregnancy. In this narrative review, we evaluated the current literature and estimated iodine provision from the EAT-Lancet reference diet. There is evidence that those following a strict plant-based diet, such as vegans, cannot reach the recommended iodine intake from food alone and are reliant on iodine supplements. Using the EAT-Lancet reference diet intake recommendations in combination with iodine values from UK food tables, we calculated that the diet would provide 128 μg/d (85 % of the adult recommendation of 150 μg/d and 51–64 % of the pregnancy recommendation of 200–250 μg/d). However, if milk is replaced with unfortified plant-based alternatives, total iodine provision would be just 54 μg/d (34 % and 22–27 % of the recommendations for adults and pregnancy, respectively). Plant-based dietary recommendations might place consumers at risk of iodine deficiency in countries without a fortification programme and where animal products provide the majority of iodine intake, such as the UK and Norway. It is essential that those following a predominantly plant-based diet are given appropriate dietary advice to ensure adequate iodine intake.
Was Nazi Germany an “Accommodating Dictatorship”? A Comparative Perspective on Taxation of the Rich in World War II
Authors: Buggeln Marc 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGötz Aly's bookHitler's Beneficiariesconsiders the Nazi regime an “accommodating dictatorship.” According to Aly, the majority of the population benefited from the Nazis’ war. He sums up Nazi tax policy under the headings “Tax Breaks for the Masses” and “Tax Rigor for the Bourgeoisie.” This perspective represented progress in that, until then, tax policy had not featured in any of the major historical overviews of National Socialism. For a more in-depth assessment of Nazi tax policy, however, it must be compared against the tax policies of Germany's wartime enemies. I compare tax policies in Germany, Britain, and the United States and show that Aly's theories do not hold. They are neither consistent with the declared intentions of those who imposed these policies nor with the results as reflected in the relevant statistics.
Insights obtained from a multidecadal citizen science scheme: grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) strandings in Cornwall and Isles of Scilly (2000–2020)
Authors: Chadwick Helen S. , Barnett James E. F. , Crosby Abby , Hawtrey-Collier Anthea , Hobson Victoria J. , Omeyer Lucy C. M. , Williams Ruth , Godley Brendan J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Changes in abundance and distribution of marine top predators can indicate environmental change or anthropogenic pressure requiring management response. Here, we used an extensive dataset (21 years) to conduct a spatial and temporal analysis of grey seal strandings in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly, close to the southern edge of the breeding range of the species. A total of 2007 strandings were reported from 2000 to 2020, increasing by 474% from 35 to 201 individuals per year during this period. The continued rise in strandings was consistent across all life stages and timeframes (5, 10 and 20 years), underpinning the suggestion of increasing abundance in the region. The observed seasonality differed by life stage, coinciding with the increased presence of animals near the coast for key life phases such as breeding, moulting and pupping. Strandings are widely distributed across the coast of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly; however, most strandings were recorded on the north coast of Cornwall (70%) where major pupping and haul out sites are found. Despite hosting several pupping and haul out sites, a small proportion was recorded on the Isles of Scilly (5%) where it is thought that strandings are particularly underreported. Describing baselines in magnitude of strandings and life-stage compositions across space and time allows future deviations in frequency, demographic composition or spatial distribution to be detected and investigated. We demonstrate the utility of long-term citizen science data to provide valuable and cost-effective information on the distribution and abundance of a highly mobile marine mammal.
Decolonising Universities? Myth-Histories of the Nation and Challenges to Academic Freedom in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Johnson Miranda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCan decolonising the university create possibilities for new stories to come into being, in the wake of the devastation wrought by colonisation? In Aotearoa New Zealand a particular instance of decolonising universities is under way. This is one that highlights how engagement with decolonising approaches may end up harming academic work. In New Zealand, public universities have involved themselves in negotiating a delicate compromise between activism and the demands of the state. This compromise brings into question the robustness of institutional autonomy and academic freedom. Conjoining the activist idea of decolonising with language that refers to a distinctive form of state governance foregrounding a political relationship between the Crown (executive government) and Māori, several universities have committed themselves to a ‘Treaty partnership’ with Māori. The idea is rooted in recent interpretations of the colonial Treaty of Waitangi/Te Tiriti o Waitangi, signed in 1840. The Treaty is and has been a contested text, event and idea. When universities invoke a particular idea of the Treaty as if it is a consensus view in order to advance social objectives, they risk thwarting the role and responsibility of academics, and particularly historians, to the common good as ‘critic and conscience’ of society.