bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salinisation effects on freshwater macrophyte growth and establishment in coastal eutrophic agricultural ditches
Authors: Velthuis Mandy , Teurlincx Sven , van Dijk Gijs , Smolders Alfons J. P. , de Senerpont Domis Lisette N. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The presence of submerged macrophytes is a desired environmental target for coastal freshwater ecosystems. Maintaining a rich community of these species can be challenging as salinisation by sea‐level rise poses an increasing threat to ecosystem integrity.

We tested the effect of salinisation on the growth and germination of freshwater macrophytes experimentally using field sediment. In a 56‐day experiment, a macrophyte community was exposed to salinity treatments representing seasonal water management scenarios (a decreasing salinity from 1,500 to 300 mg NaCl/L, a stable salinity of 300 mg NaCl/L, an increasing salinity from 300 to 1,500 mg NaCl/L and a stable salinity of 1,500 mg NaCl/L), crossed with treatments simulating periodic turbidity pulses.

All species except Elodea nuttallii grew poorly on the saline and eutrophic sediment, reflecting the challenges of growth in eutrophic coastal systems. Surprisingly, the highest community biomass was achieved in the salinity scenario of 1,500 mg NaCl/L.

In a second experiment, field‐collected sediments were incubated at 300 and 1,500 mg NaCl/L salinity (representing summer and winter scenarios), and the germination capacity of the existing seedbank was quantified.

Most germinated seedlings did not reach maturity irrespective of salinity treatment. This indicated that sediment salinity, rather than water column salinity, determined seedling establishment success. Interestingly, the established species were characteristic of freshwater habitats, thus indicating maladaptation of the seedbank.

Our results show that a mismatch between the high salinity level of eutrophic sediment and the overlaying freshwater may hamper macrophyte growth. Furthermore, target species in coastal eutrophic freshwaters should be evaluated carefully. Elodea nuttalli, which has a wide tolerance range for nutrients and salinity, outperformed other macrophyte species in our study. Thus, species with similar traits may be most successful in establishing macrophyte stands in coastal eutropic wetlands.
Organic preservation of vase‐shaped microfossils from the late Tonian Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA
Authors: Tingle Kelly E. , Porter Susannah M. , Raven Morgan R. , Czaja Andrew D. , Webb Samuel M. , Bloeser Bonnie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVase‐shaped microfossils (VSMs) are found globally in middle Neoproterozoic (800–730 Ma) marine strata and represent the earliest evidence for testate (shell‐forming) amoebozoans. VSM tests are hypothesized to have been originally organic in life but are most commonly preserved as secondary mineralized casts and molds. A few reports, however, suggest possible organic preservation. Here, we test the hypothesis that VSMs from shales of the lower Walcott Member of the Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona, contain original organic material, as reported by B. Bloeser in her pioneering studies of Chuar VSMs. We identified VSMs from two thin section samples of Walcott Member black shales in transmitted light microscopy and used scanning electron microscopy to image VSMs. Carbonaceous material is found within the internal cavity of all VSM tests from both samples and is interpreted as bitumen mobilized from Walcott shales likely during the Cretaceous. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and wavelength dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (WDS) reveal that VSM test walls contain mostly carbon, iron, and sulfur, while silica is present only in the surrounding matrix. Raman spectroscopy was used to compare the thermal maturity of carbonaceous material within the samples and indicated the presence of pyrite and jarosite within fossil material. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy revealed the presence of reduced organic sulfur species within the carbonaceous test walls, the carbonaceous material found within test cavities, and in the sedimentary matrix, suggesting that organic matter sulfurization occurred within the Walcott shales. Our suite of spectroscopic analyses reveals that Walcott VSM test walls are organic and sometimes secondarily pyritized (with the pyrite variably oxidized to jarosite). Both preservation modes can occur at a millimeter spatial scale within sample material, and at times even within a single specimen. We propose that sulfurization within the Walcott Shales promoted organic preservation, and furthermore, the ratio of iron to labile VSM organic material controlled the extent of pyrite replacement. Based on our evidence, we conclude that the VSMs are preserved with original organic test material, and speculate that organic VSMs may often go unrecognized, given their light‐colored, translucent appearance in transmitted light.
Global production networks and medicinal plants: Upstream actor dynamics in Nepal
Authors: Fold Niels , Pyakurel Dipesh , Pouliot Mariève , Smith‐Hall Carsten 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKnowledge of spatial and temporal actor dynamics in global production networks (GPNs) based on renewable natural resources remains rudimentary. This article contributes to reducing this knowledge gap by showing how upstream actors shape the territorial embeddedness and value dynamics (creation, enhancement, and capture of value) of GPNs. Empirically, we present a fine‐grained analysis of the upstream section of the global production network for commercial medicinal plants harvested in and traded from Nepal. In particular, the paper investigates the within‐group and between‐group dynamics of key actors (traders and wholesalers). Empirical data was generated through 257 quantitative and 121 qualitative interviews with harvesters, sub‐local traders, local traders, central wholesalers and regional wholesalers, supplemented with focus‐group discussions. Analysis focuses on three key areas of interaction: infrastructural and ecological variations; territorial embeddedness and development; and institutional power and network reconfiguration. The findings help to understand the role of upstream actors in reconfiguring GPNs and enhancing the explanatory power of the GPN approach by adding organizational supply‐side insights, thereby facilitating identification of pro‐poor interventions.
The prevalence and clinical features of fibromyalgia in Chinese hospital patients with primary headache: The survey of fibromyalgia comorbid with headache
Authors: Dong Zhao , Liu Kaiming , Liu Huanxian , Jia Zhihua , Gui Wei , Dong Ming , Cheng Yingying , Lv Yudan , Qu Kang , Zhao Hongru , Chen Jianjun , Zhang Dan , Fan Zhiliang , Yang Xiaosu , Hu Dongmei , Zhang Yanbo , Xie Hongyan , Li Mingxin , Wen Bing , Chen Sufen , Xu Peng , Rong Qingqing , He Qiu , Ren Zhanxiu , Yan Fanhong , Zhao Heling , Chen Min , Yu Tingmin , Qu Hongli , An Xingkai , Guo Huailian , Zhang Xinhua , Pan Xiaoping , Wang Xiaojuan , Qiu Shi , Zhang Lvming , Zhao Hongling , Pan Xin , Wan Qi , Yan Lanyun , Liu Jing , Yu Zhe , Zhang Mingjie , Ran Ye , Han Xun , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aims were to explore the prevalence and clinical features of fibromyalgia in Chinese hospital patients with primary headache.BackgroundStudies done in non‐Chinese populations suggest that around one‐third of patients with primary headache have fibromyalgia, but data from mainland China are limited. Investigations into the prevalence and clinical features of fibromyalgia in Chinese patients with primary headache would improve our understanding of these two complex disease areas and help guide future clinical practice.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included adults with primary headache treated at 23 Chinese hospitals from September 2020 to May 2021. Fibromyalgia was diagnosed using the modified 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria. Mood and insomnia were evaluated employing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Insomnia Severity Index.ResultsA total of 2782 participants were analyzed. The fibromyalgia prevalence was 6.0% (166/2782; 95% confidence interval: 5.1%, 6.8%). Compared to primary headache patients without combined fibromyalgia, patients with primary headache combined with fibromyalgia were more likely to be older (47.8 vs. 41.7 years), women (83.7% [139/166] vs. 72.8% [1904/2616]), less educated (65.1% [108/166] vs. 45.2% [1183/2616]), and with longer‐duration headache (10.0 vs. 8.0 years). Such patients were more likely to exhibit comorbid depression (34.3% [57/166] vs. 9.9% [260/2616]), anxiety (16.3% [27/166] vs. 2.7% [70/2612]), and insomnia (58.4% [97/166] vs. 17.1% [447/2616]). Fibromyalgia was more prevalent in those with chronic (rather than episodic) migraine (11.1% [46/414] vs. 4.4% [72/1653], p < 0.001) and chronic (rather than episodic) tension‐type headache (11.5% [27/235] vs. 4.6% [19/409], p = 0.001). Most fibromyalgia pain was in the shoulders, neck, and upper back.ConclusionsThe prevalence of fibromyalgia in mainland Chinese patients with primary headache was 6.0%. Fibromyalgia was more common in those with chronic rather than episodic headache. The most common sites of fibromyalgia pain were the neck, shoulders, and back.
RETRACTED: Effects of aromatherapy with Rosa damascene and lavender on pain and anxiety of burn patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Farzan Ramyar , Firooz Mahbobeh , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Mollaei Amirabbas , Takasi Poorya , Tolouei Mohammad , Emami Zeydi Amir , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Karkhah Samad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPain and anxiety were considered the most common complications of treatment procedures in burn patients. Non‐pharmacological drugs, including aromatherapy, can decrease these issues. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to summarise the effects of aromatherapy with Rosa damascene (RD) and lavender on the pain and anxiety of burn patients. A systematic search was performed on international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, as well as on Iranian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database (SID) with keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as “Burns”, “Pain”, “Pain management”, “Anxiety”, and “Aromatherapy” were performed from the earliest to November 1, 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist assessed the quality of randomised control trials (RCTs) and quasi‐experimental studies. STATA v.14 software was used to estimate pooled effect size. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 value. Random effect model and inverse‐variance method using sample size, mean, and standard deviation changes were applied to determine standard mean differences (SMD). The confidence interval of 95% was considered to determine the confidence level. A total of 586 burn patients participated in six studies, including three RCT studies and three quasi‐experimental studies. The results based on RCT studies showed RD significantly decreased the dressing pain average when compared to the control group (SMD: −1.61, 95%CI: −2.32 to −0.99, Z = 5.09, I2: 66.2%, P < 0.001). Aromatherapy with lavender decreased the average pain in the interventional group more than in the control group (SMD: −1.78, 95%CI: −3.62 to 0.07, Z = 1.89, I2: 97.2%, P = 0.06). Using aromatherapy with RD and lavender significantly decreased pain average in the interventional group than the control group (SMD: −1.68, 95%CI: −2.64 to −0.72, Z = 3.42, I2: 94.2%, P = 0.001). The results showed RD significantly decreased the anxiety average in the interventional group than the control group (SMD: −2.49, 95%CI: −2.98 to −2.0, Z = 9.94, I2: 51.6%, P < 0.001). Overall, this study showed that aromatherapy with RD decreased pain and anxiety of dressing procedures in burn patients. Although aromatherapy with lavender decreased pain in the patients, it was not statistically significant. More RCTs studies are required to be able to better judge the effects of aromatherapy with RD and lavender on the pain and anxiety of burn patients.
The therapeutic mavericks: Potent immunomodulating chaperones capable of treating human diseases
Authors: Eggleton Paul , De Alba Jorge , Weinreich Michael , Calias Perry , Foulkes Roly , Corrigall Valerie M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTwo major chaperones, calreticulin (CRT) and binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) dependent on their location, have immunoregulatory or anti‐inflammatory functions respectively. CRT induces pro‐inflammatory cytokines, dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activates cytotoxic T cells against tumours. By contrast, GRP78/BiP induces anti‐inflammatory cytokines, inhibits DC maturation and heightens T‐regulatory cell responses. These latter functions rebalance immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Both chaperones are therapeutically relevant agents acting primarily on monocytes/DCs. Endogenous exposure of CRT on cancer cell surfaces acts as an ‘eat‐me’ signal and facilitates improved elimination of stressed and dying tumour cells by DCs. Therefore, therapeutics that promote endogenous CRT translocation to the cell surface can improve the removal of cancer cells. However, infused recombinant CRT dampens this cancer cell eradication by binding directly to the DCs. Low levels of endogenous BiP appear as a surface biomarker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in some types of tumour cells, a reflection of cells undergoing proliferation, in which resulting hypoxia and nutrient deprivation perturb ER homeostasis triggering the unfolded protein response, leading to increased expression of GRP78/BiP and altered cellular location. Conversely, infusion of an analogue of GRP78/BiP (IRL201805) can lead to long‐term immune resetting and restoration of immune homeostasis. The therapeutic potential of both chaperones relies on them being relocated from their intracellular ER environment. Ongoing clinical trials are employing therapeutic interventions to either enhance endogenous cell surface CRT or infuse IRL201805, thereby triggering several disease‐relevant immune responses leading to a beneficial clinical outcome.
Antagonizing EZH2 combined with vitamin D3 exerts a synergistic role in anti‐fibrosis through bidirectional effects on hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Zhang Qinghui , Jia Rongrong , Chen Minjie , Wang Jianjun , Huang Feng , Shi Min , Sheng Huiming , Xu Ling 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimWhether vitamin D3 (VD3) supplementation is associated with improved liver fibrosis is controversial.MethodsLiver fibrosis models were treated with VD3, active VD (1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3), or collaboration with GSK126 (Ezh2 inhibitor), respectively. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were co‐cultured with hepatocytes and then stimulated with TGF‐β. Autophagy of hepatocytes was determined after the intervention of 1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3 and GSK126. Also, the active status of HSCs and the mechanism with 1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3 and GSK126 intervention were detected.Results1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3, but not VD3, is involved in anti‐fibrosis and partially improves liver function, which might be associated with related enzymes and receptors (especially CYP2R1), leading to decreased of its biotransformation. GSK126 plays a synergistic role in anti‐fibrosis. The co‐culture system showed increased hepatocyte autophagy after HSCs activation. Supplementation with 1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3 or combined GSK126 reduced these effects. Further studies showed that 1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3 promoted H3K27 methylation of DKK1 promoter through VDR/Ezh2 due to the weakening for HSCs inhibitory signal.ConclusionsVD3 bioactive form 1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3 is responsible for the anti‐fibrosis, which might have bidirectional effects on HSCs by regulating histone modification. The inhibitor of Ezh2 plays a synergistic role in this process.
Identifying key mechanisms leading to visual recognition errors for missed colorectal polyps using eye‐tracking technology
Authors: Ahmad Omer F , Mazomenos Evangelos , Chadebecq Francois , Kader Rawen , Hussein Mohamed , Haidry Rehan J , Puyal Juana González‐Bueno , Brandao Patrick , Toth Daniel , Mountney Peter , Seward Ed , Vega Roser , Stoyanov Danail , Lovat Laurence B 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimLack of visual recognition of colorectal polyps may lead to interval cancers. The mechanisms contributing to perceptual variation, particularly for subtle and advanced colorectal neoplasia, have scarcely been investigated. We aimed to evaluate visual recognition errors and provide novel mechanistic insights.MethodsEleven participants (seven trainees and four medical students) evaluated images from the UCL polyp perception dataset, containing 25 polyps, using eye‐tracking equipment. Gaze errors were defined as those where the lesion was not observed according to eye‐tracking technology. Cognitive errors occurred when lesions were observed but not recognized as polyps by participants. A video study was also performed including 39 subtle polyps, where polyp recognition performance was compared with a convolutional neural network.ResultsCognitive errors occurred more frequently than gaze errors overall (65.6%), with a significantly higher proportion in trainees (P = 0.0264). In the video validation, the convolutional neural network detected significantly more polyps than trainees and medical students, with per‐polyp sensitivities of 79.5%, 30.0%, and 15.4%, respectively.ConclusionsCognitive errors were the most common reason for visual recognition errors. The impact of interventions such as artificial intelligence, particularly on different types of perceptual errors, needs further investigation including potential effects on learning curves. To facilitate future research, a publicly accessible visual perception colonoscopy polyp database was created.
Health in Down syndrome: creating a conceptual model
Authors: Santoro S. L. , Cabrera M. J. , Co J. P. T. , Constantine M. , Haugen K. , Krell K. , Skotko B. G. , Winickoff J. P. , Donelan K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome (DS) has a unique medical and psychological profile that could impact how health is defined on three dimensions: physical, social and mental well‐being.MethodsIn 2021, we presented our proposed conceptual model to three expert panels, four focus groups of parents of individuals with DS age 0–21 years and four focus groups of individuals with DS age 13–21 years through videoconferencing technology. Participants gave feedback and discussed the concept of health in DS.ResultsFeedback from participants resulted in iterative refinement of our model, retaining the three dimensions of health, and modifying constructs within those dimensions. Experts and parents agreed that individuals with DS have unique health concerns that necessitate the creation and validation of a syndrome‐specific health model. We present key themes that we identified and a final conceptual model of health for individuals with DS.ConclusionHealth in DS is a multi‐dimensional, multi‐construct model focused on relevant constructs of causal and effect indicators. This conceptual model can be used in future research to develop a syndrome‐specific measure of health status.
Latino dentists in the U.S. Census from 1980 to 2019: Implications for dental care access
Authors: Hsu Paul , Hayes‐Bautista David E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study describes the supply of Latino dentists in the United States from 1980 to 2019, as tabulated by the Census. The number of Latino dentists per 100,000 Latino population was compared to the number of non‐Hispanic White (NHW) dentists per 100,000 NHW population. These four‐decade comparisons were made for the entire country as well as the five states having the largest Latino populations.MethodsData from the decennial census and the American Community Survey were used to identify the nationwide population, the number of dentists, and their respective Spanish‐language abilities, stratified by race/ethnic group (Latinos and non‐Hispanic Whites).ResultsIn 1980, there were only 18 Latino dentists for every 100,000 Latino population in the entire nation, compared to 70 NHW dentists per 100,000 NHW population. While there was an increase to 21 Latino dentists per 100,000 in 1990, the supply remained virtually the same over this almost 40‐year period, ending back at 18 per 100,000 in 2019. In comparison, there were about four times as many non‐Hispanic White dentists as Latino dentists. This national discrepancy was also reflected in the five states that were evaluated. Similarly, Latino dentists were far more likely to speak Spanish than NHW dentists at both the national and state levels.ConclusionsThe Latino dentist supply, already inadequate in 1980, has remained virtually unchanged over the past almost 40 years. The authors believe that this deficiency will have profound consequences, and recommend that initiatives be undertaken to increase the number of Latino dentists.
Victorian women travellers and amateur art collecting in Japan, 1863–1893
Authors: Gray Margaret K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe majority of interdisciplinary studies on nineteenth‐century Japonisme perpetuate an assumption that most connoisseurs of Japanese art in Victorian Britain were men. Despite recent feminist studies which have restored women to histories of private collecting and curatorship across Europe, there is a lack of consideration of how travelogues by women contributed to public discussions of Japanese art and anthropology in Victorian Britain—including accounts which complement or predate publications by celebrated connoisseurs such as A.W. Franks, James Lord Bowes, and Charles Holme. This article will examine brief passages from travelogues by Anna d’Almeida (1863), Alice Frere (1870), Isabella Bird (1880), and Mary Bickersteth (1893) which chronicle the authors' experiences purchasing ceramics and lacquerware in Japan. The women's careful attention to the history and features which distinguish valuable, antique art pieces from lesser factory productions contradicts the Victorian characterisation of female collectors as indiscriminate participants in commercial or ‘decorative’ trends. Furthermore, the women redress false Victorian conceptions of ‘Japanese’ aesthetics and report on the changing conditions of art production in post‐feudal Japan. In context with the popularity of the travel genre across classes and genders in the mid‐ and late‐nineteenth century, d’Almeida, Frere, Bird, and Bickersteth's accounts simultaneously signal their competence as discerning collectors of authentic Japanese art while providing an accessible introduction to Japanese art and aesthetics for aspiring lay‐collectors of ‘things Japanese’.
Epidermal phyB requires RRC1 to promote light responses by activating the circadian rhythm
Authors: Kim Hanim , Kim Jaewook , Choi Giltsu 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Phytochrome B (phyB) expressed in the epidermis is sufficient to promote red light responses, including the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and hypocotyl negative gravitropism. Nonetheless, the downstream mechanism of epidermal phyB in promoting light responses had been elusive.

Here, we mutagenized the epidermis‐specific phyB‐expressing line (MLB) using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and characterized a novel mutant allele of RRC1 (rrc1‐689), which causes reduced epidermal phyB‐mediated red light responses.

The rrc1‐689 mutation increases the alternative splicing of major clock gene transcripts, including PRR7 and TOC1, disrupting the rhythmic expression of the entire clock and clock‐controlled genes. Combined with the result that MLB/prr7 exhibits the same red‐hyposensitive phenotypes as MLB/rrc1‐689, our data support that the circadian clock is required for the ability of epidermal phyB to promote light responses. We also found that, unlike phyB, RRC1 preferentially acts in the endodermis to maintain the circadian rhythm by suppressing the alternative splicing of core clock genes.

Together, our results suggest that epidermal phyB requires RRC1 to promote light responses by activating the circadian rhythm in Arabidopsis thaliana.