bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergent Lag Phase in Flux-Regulation Models of Bacterial Growth
Authors: Bate Fiona , Amekan Yumechris , Pushkin Dmitri O. , Chong James P. J. , Bees Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLag phase is observed in bacterial growth during a sudden change in conditions: growth is inhibited whilst cells adapt to the environment. Bi-phasic, or diauxic growth is commonly exhibited by many species. In the presence of two sugars, cells initially grow by consuming the preferred sugar then undergo a lag phase before resuming growth on the second. Biomass increase is characterised by a diauxic growth curve: exponential growth followed by a period of no growth before a second exponential growth. Recent literature lacks a complete dynamic description, artificially modelling lag phase and employing non-physical representations of precursor pools. Here, we formulate a rational mechanistic model based on flux-regulation/proteome partitioning with a finite precursor pool that reveals core mechanisms in a compact form. Unlike earlier systems, the characteristic dynamics emerge as part of the solution, including the lag phase. Focussing on growth of Escherichia coli on a glucose–lactose mixture we show results accurately reproduce experiments. We show that for a single strain of E. coli, diauxic growth leads to optimised biomass yields. However, intriguingly, for two competing strains diauxic growth is not always the best strategy. Our description can be generalised to model multiple different microorganisms and investigate competition between species/strains.
Prävalenz psychischer Belastungen bei ukrainischen Flüchtlingen in Deutschland – Betrachtung von Geschlechterunterschieden
Authors: Buchcik J. , Metzner F. , Kovach V. , Adedeji A. 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Krieg in der Ukraine hat die weltweite Anzahl von Vertriebenen erhöht. Fluchterfahrungen und traumatische Erlebnisse können zu langfristigen psychischen Problemen führen. Die Prävalenz und der Schweregrad psychischer Belastungen variieren jedoch angesichts unterschiedlicher demografischer Faktoren. Weibliche Flüchtlinge erfahren aufgrund ihres Geschlechts häufig eine besonders starke Benachteiligung und psychische Belastung.

Methode
Im Rahmen einer Querschnittstudie wurden n = 389 Personen ab 18 Jahren befragt, die nach dem Ausbruch des Krieges in der Ukraine in Deutschland Zuflucht gesucht haben. Zur Erhebung des allgemeinen Gesundheitszustands und der psychischen Belastungen sowie der sozioökonomischen und soziodemografischen Merkmale der Befragten wurde ein standardisierter Fragebogen, übersetzt in die ukrainische Sprache, eingesetzt.

Ergebnisse
Frauen bewerteten ihre psychische Gesundheit negativer als Männer. Etwa 52 % der Männer und 69 % der Frauen schliefen aufgrund von Sorgen „schlechter“ oder „viel schlechter“ als üblich. Von leichten bis schweren depressiven Symptomen sowie von Angst berichteten 85 % aller Teilnehmenden. Im Vergleich zu den Männern gaben die Frauen mehr als doppelt so häufig an, unter schweren Depressions- oder Angstsymptomen zu leiden.

Diskussion
Ein hoher Anteil der aus der Ukraine Geflüchteten weist psychische Belastungen auf. Bei den geflüchteten Frauen sind psychische Belastungen signifikant stärker ausgeprägt als bei den Männern. Weitere geschlechtersensible Studien sind erforderlich, um Faktoren zu ermitteln, die die Vulnerabilität von aus der Ukraine geflüchteten Frauen erklären können und Ansatzpunkte für präventive Angebote liefern.

Schlussfolgerung
Zur Sichtbarmachung von und Sensibilisierung für psychische Belastungen bei unkrainischen Frauen sollten Interventionen unter Berücksichtigung des Zusammenwirkens von (biologischen) Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren, geschlechtsspezifischen Postmigrationsstressoren und intersektionalen Diskriminierungen geplant und angeboten werden.
Extracting static elastic moduli of rock through elastic wave velocities
Authors: Zhang Yuliang , Gu Yiming , Zhou Hongtu , Yang Lining 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn many geological conditions, obtaining the static elastic moduli of crustal rocks is an essential subject for accurate mechanical analyses of crust. The elastic wave method may be the best choice if rock specimens cannot be taken since elastic wave propagation can be applied to in-situ environments. Although many signs of progress have been made in the elastic wave method, some issues still restrict the accurate extraction of static moduli and its applications. A review of this method and its further research prospect is urgently needed. With this purpose, this paper summarized and analyzed the published experimental data about the relationship between the static and dynamic Young’s moduli of rock, and the frequency dependence of wave velocities and dynamic elastic moduli. P- and S-wave velocities, Young’s, and bulk moduli of rock, especially the saturated rock, have strong frequency dependence in a wide frequency range of 10–6–106 Hz. Different rocks or conditions (such as water content, amplitude, and pressure), have different frequency-dependent characteristics. The current elastic wave method can be classified into two methods: the empirical correlation method and the multifrequency ultrasonic method. The basic principle, advantages, and disadvantages of both methods are analyzed. Especially, the reasonability of the multifrequency ultrasonic method was elaborated given the nonlinear elasticity, strain level/rate, and pores/cracks in rock materials. Existing problems and prospects on the two methods are also pointed out, such as the choice of a proper empirical correlation, accurate determination of the critical P- and S-wave velocities, the prediction of Young’s modulus at each strain level, and the reasonability of the method under various water contents and fracture structures.
How to prove neglect in the context of the post-mortem examination
Authors: Lutz L. , Klinger M. F. , Holz F. , Verhoff M. A. , Amendt J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the causes, extent, and period of neglect is not only a medical but also a forensic task when it comes to legal investigations. In this study, we evaluated 46 autopsied cases where there was clear evidence of physical neglect during the last period of the deceased’s life. The age of the deceased ranged from 21 to 96 years; most of them were female (71.7%). The majority of cases (89.9%) took place in a domestic environment, with partners or relatives providing care. The most frequent post-mortem findings were pressure sores, followed by inflammatory skin changes, and signs of malnutrition and dehydration. Neglect was the cause or co-cause of death in 23% of the cases. More than half of the deceased showed severe contamination of the skin surface by excrement, and in almost 40% of the cases, fly infestation was found. The majority of insects belonged to the group of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae), mainly the common house fly, Musca domestica. By analyzing the entomological evidence, it was possible to prove an insect infestation period of at least several days ante-mortem. Since the period of neglect may be relevant in terms of legal proceedings, the present work demonstrates the particular importance of insect traces in providing this evidence. While prosecution and conviction of caregivers remain challenging, it is all the more essential that entomology and legal medicine collaborate on the analysis of findings of neglect.
Gene Interaction of Dopaminergic Synaptic Pathway Genes in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a Case-Control Study in Chinese Children
Authors: Zhong Lin , He Hongyao , Zhang Jing , Gao Xiaoyan , Yin Feifei , Zuo Pengxiang , Song Ranran 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a highly inherited neurodevelopmental disorder. Previous genetic research has linked ADHD to certain genes in the dopaminergic synaptic pathway. Nonetheless, research on this relationship has produced varying results across various populations. China is a multi-ethnic country with its own unique genetic characteristics. Therefore, such a population can provide useful information about the relationship between gene polymorphisms in dopaminergic synaptic pathways and ADHD. This study looked at the genetic profiles of 284 children in China’s Xinjiang. In total, 142 ADHD children and 142 control subjects were enrolled. Following the extraction of DNA from oral mucosal cells, 13 SNPs for three candidate genes (SLC6A3, DRD2, and GRIN2B) in the dopaminergic synaptic pathway of ADHD were screened. Based on the results of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses, we found that the DRD2 gene variants rs6277 and rs6275, and the SLC6A3 gene variant rs2652511, were significantly associated with ADHD in boys and girls, respectively, after adjusting for false discovery rate (FDR) in terms of allele frequencies. Furthermore, our generalized multifactorial downscaling approach identified a significant association between rs6275 and rs1012586. These findings suggest that DRD2 and SLC6A3 genes have a crucial role in ADHD susceptibility. Additionally, we observed that the interaction between GRIN2B and DRD2 genes may contribute to the susceptibility of Chinese children with ADHD.
Planning to ‘Hear the Farmer’s Voice’: an Agent-Based Modelling Approach to Agricultural Land Use Planning
Authors: Shahpari Sahar , Eversole Robyn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAgricultural land use is influenced not only by multiple aspects of biophysical and socio-economic processes, but also the cumulative impacts of individual farmer decisions. Farmers’ activities and decisions at farm scale shape land use and water utilisation at regional scale, yet land use planning processes do not take into account farmers’ knowledge and decision-making processes as they respond to, and in turn shape, change. Farmers’ voices are missing in the planning system. In this paper, we address the complexity of agricultural land use planning and examine the possibility of agricultural land use planning from the bottom-up via simulation to integrate environmental, economic and human factors that influence land use change. We present an innovative approach to model the interactions between government policy, market signals, and farmers’ land use decisions, and how the accumulated effects of these individual decisions change agricultural land use patterns at regional scale, using spatial and temporal agent-based modeling. A multi-stage mixed method spatial agent-based modeling (ABM) approach, aligned with the Geodesign framework, can incorporate local knowledge and decision-making into models of regional land use change. To illustrate the new approach, we examine the impact of milk market price on changes in land use in Tasmania, Australia. This approach brings together local knowledge with scientific, planning, and policy knowledge to generate dynamic scenarios for informed agricultural land-use planning decisions.
Shared Knowledge in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)
Authors: Miraglia Laura , Di Dio Cinzia , Manzi Federico , Kanda Takayuki , Cangelosi Angelo , Itakura Shoji , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Massaro Davide , Fonagy Peter , Marchetti Antonella 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccording to the Theory of Natural Pedagogy, object-directed emotion may provide different information depending on the context: in a communicative context, the information conveys culturally shared knowledge regarding the emotional valence of an object and is generalizable to other individuals, whereas, in a non-communicative context, information is interpreted as a subjective disposition of the person expressing the emotion, i.e., personal preference. We hypothesized that this genericity bias, already present in infants, may be a feature of human communication and, thus, present at all ages. We further questioned the effects of robotic ostensive cues. To explore these possibilities, we presented object-directed emotions in communicative and non-communicative contexts under two conditions: adult participants (N = 193) were split into those who underwent the human-demonstrator condition and those who underwent the robot-demonstrator condition, i.e., a human actor or a robot displayed object-directed emotions, respectively. Questionnaires further assessed the participants’ attachment style and mentalization ability. The results showed that (1) Natural Pedagogy Theory applies to humans across the lifespan; (2) Shared knowledge depends on the contexts (communicative vs. non-communicative) and who is sharing the information (human or robot); and (3) robotic ostensive cues trigger participants’ attention, conversely, in their absence, participants do not turn the robot into a communicative partner by not assigning it a communicative intention due to a difficulty in reading the robot’s mind. Taken together, our findings indicate that robotic ostensive cues may ease the human-robot interaction (HRI), which is also biased by the human attachment style. The study has been preregistered in Open Science Framework, OSF on September 9, 2021 (Registration DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9TWY8).
Reading the materiality of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri: non-invasive analyses to reveal scribal choices
Authors: Ghigo Tea , Dominguez Alberto Nodar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the first ever material characterisation of inks used in 23 documentary papyri excavated in Oxyrhynchus, about 160 km south-east of Cairo. These papyri date to between the fourth and seventh centuries CE, and are nowadays preserved at the Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library in Oxford. The material analyses were carried out with in situ analytical methods, namely infrared reflectography (IRR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Moreover, the data obtained with XRF on the papyrus support were further explored with principal component analysis (PCA). To our knowledge, this study represents the first instance in which PCA was applied to a dataset obtained from ancient papyri with portable, non-invasive analytical equipment. The differences in the material composition highlighted suggest the papyrus used for these documents proceeded from different sources. Furthermore, the investigation of the writing inks confirmed a trend we highlighted during previous material studies of manuscripts from the Byzantine period: carbon-based ink is predominantly used for documentary texts, while iron-gall ink is for literary texts. Finally, the peculiar case of a document bearing the proceedings from the court of Alexandria suggests the existence, in this area, of specific technical and scribal traditions that have not been pointed out before.
200 Years of Fossil Fuels and Climate Change (1900-2100)
Authors: Shanmugam G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The geologic record shows that the Earth’s climate has always been changing naturally during the past 600 million years in terms of CO2 and temperature, without CO2 emissions from Fossil Fuels by humans. There were both warming and cooling periods prior to the appearance of human beings on the Planet Earth. The Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW) is attributed to the Industrial Age that commenced in 1760 in the Great Britain and later in the USA. The principal driver behind the Industrial Revolution has been Fossil Fuels (i.e., Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal). Since 1900, Fossil Fuels have been the single most important driver of the modern human civilization. If the Net–Zero CO2 policy were to be implemented, large numbers of people would die and the modern human civilization would come to a sudden halt, and humans left alive would have to revert back to the lifestyles of the Neanderthals who lived 40,000 years ago without the benefits of Fossil Fuels. The failure of the Net–Zero policy is already evident by (1) the Germany’s shift back to coal from unreliable wind to face the energy crisis caused by the Russia-Ukraine War on 24th February 2022, (2) the bankruptcy of Sri Lanka in 2022 caused by the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) policy that banned chemical fertilizers, and (3) the major victory by the Dutch pro-farmers party (BBB) in the 2023 provincial elections in opposition to the Dutch government’s climate policy to eliminate nitrogen emissions by reducing 30% of livestocks in the Netherlands. A climate-change model for 200 Years (1900-2100) is proposed based on four basic parameters, namely, CO2, Temperature, Population, and GDP per capita. The model shows a steady increase in all four parameters from 1900 to 2100. In this model, calculations based on the Max Planck’s Curve by Van Wijngaarden and Happer (2020), an increase in CO2 and Temperature by 2100 would be trivial and that would not hinder either the population growth or the GDP growth. Therefore, Climate Change is not an existential threat. The proposed road-map for the future is to continue to use the Fossil Fuels as usual. The ultimate driver of the Earth’s climate is the omnipotent Sun, not humans. The CO2 in the atmosphere helps not only to modulate the Earth’s Temperature suitable for human survival, but also to enhance Global Greening. Therefore, we should shift our resources and attention away from Global Warming and aim towards eliminating Global Poverty.
Geochemistry of Hindoli Group Metasediments, SE Aravalli Craton, NW India: Implications on Provenance Characteristics and Tectonic Setting
Authors: Saxena Asha , Pandit M. K. , Zhao J. H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The NE-SW trending Jahazpur Belt in NW India has been considered correlative with the Aravalli Fold Belt, based on lithological similarities and greenschist facies metamorphic assemblages. The 2.54 Ga ‘Jahazpur Granite’ constitutes the basement for the overlying Hindoli and Jahazpur Group sediments in this belt. These meta sedimentary sequences presently occur as a greenschist facies ensemble of phyllite, marble, greywacke, and meta-conglomerate. In this study, the trace and Rare Earth Elements geochemistry of the Paleoproterozoic Hindoli Group metapelites and metagreywackes was evaluated for source characterization and tectonic setting. The transition metals and Th, La abundances, and Th/Sc, Zr/Sc and La/Sc ratios (1.19 and 1.5, 21.31 and 17.35 and 4.02 and 2.97, for metapelites and metagreywackes, respectively) of Hindoli Group suggest a felsic source for them and some degree of sediment maturity. Both Hindoli metapelites and metagreywackes are enriched in LREE and display significant negative Eu anomalies, further substantiating a predominant felsic component in the source region. The provenance modeling calculations indicate that the detritus was mainly sourced from Mangalwar Complex, along with some inputs from Jahazpur Granite, Bundelkhand TTG and Hindoli volcanics. Geochemical characteristics also discriminate a continental collision associated with an Active Continental Margin tectonic setting for the deposition of Hindoli sediments.
Macroseismic Study of 4th January 2016, Manipur Earthquake, and its Implications
Authors: Kumar Harish , Moirangcha L.H. , Rocky W.S. , Syngai B.R. , Mohanraj E. , Mudi M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An earthquake of magnitude 6.7 M (Latitude 24.834N; Longitude 93.656E) on the Richter scale rocked in the Noney area, Tamenglong district, Manipur on 4th January 2016. The shock was strongly felt in most parts of the Northeastern states of India viz. Manipur, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Assam, and its neighboring countries Myanmar and Bangladesh. Macroseismic study was conducted to assess the intensity of ground motion and related damages caused by the earthquake. The damage incidences were mainly reported in structures constructed over the alluvial fill material. Deformations and development of ground fissures were observed in the epicentral tracts of Manipur and liquefaction phenomenon was observed in the Silchar area Assam. The study revealed that higher damage was confined to the area around Noney, Kabuikhullen, Nungba, Leimakhong, and Imphal valley areas in Manipur and Silchar town areas in Assam.
Based on field observation, the degree of damage to building structures, and data gathered from the local population using the standard questionnaire, different intensity values were assigned to each locality. Isoseismal map was prepared by drawing the boundaries between different intensity areas at MSK-64 scale. The result indicates that the intensity was within the range of IV to VII. The maximum intensity was found VII in parts of Imphal, Tamenglong, and Silchar and very close to the epicentral tract area of Noney; and lowest intensity IV was observed in other parts of the northeastern states around Dimapur and Kohima in Nagaland state. The location of the epicenter of main shock (M 6.7) was at the intersection of the two major lineaments trending to ENE-WSW and NW-SE. The trend and shape of isoseismals drawn on seismotectonic/geological maps are elliptical along ENE-WSW direction and are found more closely spaced in the north and southern parts of the affected area. The elliptical nature of the isoseismals indicates that this seismic event was caused by movement along a linear surface. Furthermore, the orientation of elliptical isoseismals with a major axis trend in an ENE-WSW direction is almost parallel to the ENE-WSW trend of major lineament/fault in the area. As a result, the ENE-WSW lineament/fault trend appears to be the causative fault for this quake. In addition, one of the nodal plane (NP2) striking 83°, with dip 81° and slip (rake) 38° obtained from fault plane solution USGS shows a similar trend to the direction of generated elliptical isoseismals pattern confirming the event ocurred along a major tectonic lineament in a strike-slip mechanism.
Behavioural and Environmental Significance of the Rosetted trace Fossil Dactyloidites ottoi (Geinitz, 1849) from the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) of Kachchh, Western India
Authors: Patel Satish J. , Shitole Apurva D. , Darngawn Jehova L. , Joseph Jaquilin K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
For decades, naming the rosetted trace fossil species of Dactyloidites ottoi or Haentzschelinia ottoi has been a matter of discussion. The phobotactic behaviour of the trace makers reflecting systematic mining to form branched radial elements converging at the central vertical shafts in both the ichnogenera are similar and foreknown. Berriasian marine deltaic deposits of the Jhuran Formation, India, contain several such endichnial mid-tier traces of Dactyloidites ottoi (Geinitz, 1849), at six different levels in a highly bioturbated subarkosic bedded sandstone. Its occurrence is associated with Arenicolites, Ophiomorpha, Planolites and Rhizocorallium. The analysis of the trace fossils from the archives reveals the mining strategy resulting in Cambrian to Holocene Dactyloidites and Haentzschelinia traces. The present specimens of D. ottoi and the morphological variants within the traces also indicate an effect of the variations in palaeobiological and palaeoenvironmental aspects.
Rheumatoide Arthritis und Sarkopenie: Gibt es Superfood gegen Frailty?
Authors: Köller Marcus 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungGebrechlichkeit (Frailty) hat seine biomedizinischen Ursachen. Eine der Kernkomponente von Frailty stellt der altersbedingte Verlust an Muskelmasse, die Sarkopenie, dar. Neben degenerativen Veränderungen und hormonellen Umstellungen im Alter spielen insbesondere Vitamin-D-Mangel und die unzureichende Zufuhr von Eiweiß (EW) eine zentrale Rolle. Proinflammatorische Zytokine, insbesondere Interleukin‑6 und Tumornekrosefaktor‑α, die bei chronisch-entzündlichen Erkrankungen (u. a. der rheumatoiden Arthritis) erhöht sind, fördern massiv den Muskelabbau; ein Prozess, der als „inflammaging“ bezeichnet wird. Neben dem Krafttraining sind ausreichende Vitamin-D-Substitution und die Sicherstellung einer adäquaten Menge an EW (1,2–1,5 g/kg Körpergewicht täglich) Eckpfeiler in der Prophylaxe und Therapie der Sarkopenie. Die Zufuhr von essenziellen Aminosäuren, insbesondere Leucin (3 g täglich), ist dabei unerlässlich. Die beste Quelle dafür stellt Molkeprotein dar. Generell erscheint eine mediterrane Kostform die günstigste Zusammensetzung zu haben, um Frailty entgegenzuwirken und unsere Funktionalität im Alter bestmöglich zu erhalten.