bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD24 targeting with NK‐CAR immunotherapy in testis, prostate, renal and (luminal‐type) bladder cancer and identification of direct CD24 interaction partners
Authors: Söhngen Christian , Thomas David J. , Skowron Margaretha A. , Bremmer Felix , Eckstein Markus , Stefanski Anja , Driessen Marc D. , Wakileh Gamal A. , Stühler Kai , Altevogt Peter , Theodorescu Dan , Klapdor Rüdiger , Schambach Axel , Nettersheim Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Alternative therapeutic options targeting urologic malignancies, such as germ cell tumours, as well as urothelial, renal and prostate carcinomas, are still urgently needed. The membrane protein CD24 represents a promising immunotherapeutical approach. The present study aimed to decipher the molecular function of CD24 in vitro and evaluate the cytotoxic capacity of a third‐generation natural killer (NK) cell chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against CD24 in urologic tumour cell lines. Up to 20 urologic tumour cell lines and several non‐malignant control cells were included. XTT viability assays and annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry analyses were performed to measure cell viability and apoptosis rates, respectively. Co‐immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry analyses identified direct interaction partners of CD24. Luciferase reporter assays were used to functionally validate transactivation of CD24 expression by SOX2. N‐ and O‐glycosylation of CD24 were evaluated by enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry. The study demonstrates that SOX2 transactivates CD24 expression in embryonal carcinoma cells. In cells of different urological origins, CD24 interacted with proteins involved in cell adhesion, ATP binding, phosphoprotein binding and post‐translational modifications, such as histone acetylation and ubiquitination. Treatment of urological tumour cells with NK‐CD24‐CAR cells resulted in a decreased cell viability and apoptosis induction specifically in CD24+ tumour cells. Limitations of the study include the in vitro setting, which still has to be confirmed in vivo. In conclusion, we show that CD24 is a promising novel target for immune therapeutic approaches targeting urologic malignancies.
Examining how study teams manage different viewpoints and priorities in patient‐centered outcomes research: Results of an embedded multiple case study
Authors: Maurer Maureen E. , Hilliard‐Boone Tandrea , Frazier Karen , Forsythe Laura , Mosbacher Rachel , Carman Kristin L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionLimited evidence exists about which patient and stakeholder engagement practices support or hinder study teams as they negotiate different viewpoints in decisions about the design and conduct of patient‐centered outcomes research.MethodsWe applied a multiple‐embedded descriptive case study design for six studies funded by the Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). We interviewed 32 researchers and stakeholder partners, including patients, caregivers and clinicians, and reviewed documents related to each study (e.g., publications, and progress reports submitted to PCORI).FindingsOverall, researchers reported that incorporating different viewpoints was a strength or opportunity to learn rather than something to be avoided or dreaded. Across cases, different viewpoints and priorities, often related to ethical or pragmatic considerations, emerged between researchers and stakeholders, between stakeholder groups (e.g., patients and clinicians) or within groups (e.g., amongst researchers). Examples of navigating different viewpoints arose across study phases. The length of time to resolve issues depended on how strongly people disagreed and the perceived importance or impact of decisions on the study. All cases used collaborative decision‐making approaches, often described as consensus, throughout the study. Interviewees described consensus as using negotiation, compromise or working towards an agreeable decision. To encourage consensus, cases actively facilitated group discussions with an openness to diverse opinions, remained flexible and open to trying new things, referenced a ground rule or common goal and delegated decisions to partners or smaller workgroups. When viewpoints were not easily resolved, cases used different approaches to reach final decisions while maintaining relationships with partners, such as elevating decisions to leadership or agreeing to test out an approach. No one engagement structure (e.g., advisory group, coinvestigator) stood out as better able to manage different viewpoints. Teams adjusted engagement structures and behaviours to facilitate an overall culture of inclusion and respect. Partners acknowledged the intentional efforts of researchers to incorporate their perspectives, navigate challenges and communicate the value of partner input.ConclusionBy using collaborative decision‐making in the early stages and throughout the study, researchers built trust with partners so that when decisions were difficult to resolve, partners still felt listened to and that their input mattered.Patient or Public ContributionMembers of the PCORI Patient Engagement Advisory Panel in 2019–2020 provided input into the design of the study, including the research questions and approaches to data collection and analysis.
The utility of the [−2]pro‐prostate‐specific antigen level as a prognostic marker in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide
Authors: Miyazawa Yoshiyuki , Hori Keisuke , Tsuji Yusuke , Sekine Yoshitaka , Arai Seiji , Fujizuka Yuji , Nomura Masashi , Koike Hidekazu , Matsui Hiroshi , Suzuki Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe prostate health index (phi) derived using [−2]pro‐prostate‐specific antigen (p2PSA), a precursor of PSA, has been shown to predict cancer in the gray zone. However, the utility of p2PSA in predicting outcomes for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of p2PSA in predicting the efficacy and prognosis of enzalutamide treatment in CRPC patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of CRPC patients treated with enzalutamide at our institution, measuring p2PSA levels in 98 pre‐treatment serum samples. All patients were divided into two groups based on the median values of each parameter. The PSA progression‐free survival (PSA‐PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Gunma University Hospital (IRB No. 2021‐092, 1983).ResultsThe median PSA level before enzalutamide treatment was 25.59 ng/mL, the median p2PSA level was 208.75 pg/mL, and the median phi was 187.95. PSA, p2PSA, and phi were not all predictors of PSA‐PFS. However, the OS was significantly better in the low‐value groups (log‐rank p‐values of PSA, p2PSA, and phi were 0.024, 0.034, and 0.018, respectively). In the docetaxel (DOC)‐naive group (n = 58), PSA was not a predictor of OS, but p2PSA and phi were significantly associated with better OS in the low group. This relationship was not observed in the DOC‐treated group.ConclusionsOur study elucidates the usefulness of p2PSA in predicting outcomes for CRPC patients treated with enzalutamide. It suggests that p2PSA and phi may be prognostic markers after enzalutamide administration in CRPC patients.
Key aspects of teaching that affect perceived preparedness of medical students for transition to work: insights from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chan Joel Ern Zher , Hakendorf Paul , Thomas Josephine Suzanne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe self‐perceived preparedness of medical students to transition into practising junior doctors has implications for patient safety, graduate well‐being and development of professional identity.AimsTo examine the impact of changes to final‐year education and placements and determine key elements that contribute to self‐perceived preparedness for transition to work.MethodsAn online survey among final‐year medical students at one Australian medical school in 2020 (the cohort most affected by the coronarvirus disease 2019 [COVID‐19] pandemic), exploring overall self‐perceived preparedness and specific competencies, including questions in previous Australian Medical Council/Medical Board of Australia annual national surveys. Quantitative and qualitative content analyses were performed.ResultsThirty‐three percent of eligible participants completed the survey. There was a significant decline in overall self‐perceived preparedness among participants (mean preparedness, 3.55 ± 0.88) compared with 2019 graduates from the same medical school (mean preparedness, 4.28 ± 0.64, P < 0.001) and the national average (mean preparedness, 3.81 ± 0.93, P = 0.04). There was a decline in self‐perceived preparedness for all specific competencies, with complex competencies more greatly affected. Qualitative content analysis of free text responses identified limitations of an online compared with a face‐to‐face formal education program and specific aspects of placements, which contribute to perceived preparedness.ConclusionThe current study highlights key aspects of clinical placements and formal teaching programs that contribute to perceptions of preparedness for transition to clinical practice. Relevant experiential learning in the clinical setting, opportunities for deliberate practice of necessary skills (in simulation and the clinical setting) and reflective opportunities from formal teaching programs contribute to perceived preparedness and are important elements to be included in the final phase of any medical program.
Rights for all? Living conditions and (de)citizenship of adults with intellectual and complex disabilities in Portugal
Authors: Pinto Paula Campos , Fontes Fernando , Neca Patrícia , Bento Sofia , Alves Joana Pimentel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn 2009, Portugal ratified the UN CRPD and a turn to a rights‐based approach in disability law and policy has intensified since. It thus becomes important to understand whether these legal changes are furthering the social inclusion of adults with intellectual and complex disabilities.MethodQuestionnaires were applied to a stratified sample of 127 adults with intellectual and complex disabilities attending social care and vocational training programmes across the country.ResultsParticipants reported low rates of social participation, and many (49%) were found to live below the poverty line. High rates of discrimination and violence and feelings of loneliness and sadness were also reported, which can be strong indicators of the oppression that many of them daily endure.ConclusionAdults with intellectual and complex disabilities in Portugal face exclusion, discrimination, and violence. The poverty and isolation in which many of them live compounds their (de)citizenship status in Portuguese society.
Hospital outcomes and costs for prostate cancer patients with comorbid heart failure by age group: An analysis of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Yu Anthony , Thaliffdeen Ryan , Park Sun‐Kyeong , Park Chanhyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesThe prevalence of patients hospitalized with comorbid prostate cancer (PC) and heart failure (HF) has been steadily increasing. Both diseases share a set of common risk factors, with the most prominent being age. This study aimed to examine the outcomes and costs for patients with comorbid PC and HF, stratified by age.MethodsWe analyzed 41,340 hospitalization events of patients with PC using the US National Inpatient Sample from 2015 to 2018. Associations of HF with in‐hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and hospital costs per hospitalization were measured using multivariable logistic regression, negative binomial regression, and generalized linear regression with log‐link and gamma distribution, respectively, controlling for covariates. Subgroup analyses were performed for age groups <65 and ≥65.ResultsVisits of comorbid HF patients made up 2.3% (n = 952) of the PC study sample. Compared with PC patients without HF, those with HF had higher in‐hospital mortality rates (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96–1.84, p = 0.085), longer hospital stays (incidence rate ratio = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.21–1.44, p < 0.001), and higher hospital costs (cost ratio = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.07–1.27, p = 0.001), controlling for covariates. On average, this amounted to a higher in‐hospital mortality rate of 2.10%, an increased LOS of 1.73 days, and higher hospital costs of $2110 per patient. While in‐hospital mortality did not differ significantly in patients aged <65 (p = 0.900), patients aged ≥65 had a 41% increased risk of in‐hospital mortality compared with those without HF (p = 0.047).ConclusionsIn comparison to those without HF, PC patients with comorbid HF showed higher rates of in‐hospital mortality, LOS, and hospital costs, with mortality showing a significant difference exclusively in the ≥65 population. Effective management of older patients with PC is needed to improve outcomes and decrease costs.
Treasury return predictability and investor sentiment
Authors: Gu Chen , Guo Xu , Adikaram Ruwan , Chan Kam C. , Lu Jing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe document that the Treasury market investor sentiment (TSENT) of institutional investors is a powerful predictor of bond risk premia. Specifically, TSENT positively predicts Treasury bond excess returns in and out of sample. The forecasting gains of TSENT are incremental to those in conventional bond return predictors: Fama–Bliss forward spreads, Cochrane–Piazzesi forward rate factor, and Ludvigson–Ng macro factor, as well as equity market sentiment proxies such as the investor sentiment index and the partial least squares sentiment index. Asset allocation analysis indicates the forecasting power of TSENT is economically valuable to investors. Finally, we show that the time‐series bond risk premia predictability associated with TSENT relates to its predictive power for macroeconomic performance, such as payroll employment, unemployment rate, and industrial production.
Surgical technique for fertility preservation for placenta accreta spectrum without previa: Tourniquet, uterus inversion and placental dissection procedure
Authors: Nii Masafumi , Enomoto Naosuke , Takakura Sho , Maki Shintaro , Tanaka Hiroaki , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe placenta accreta spectrum without previa is difficult to diagnose before delivery and sometimes requires hysterectomy. A fertility preservation procedure is useful when placenta accreta spectrum is unexpectedly encountered. A 38‐year‐old woman, conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF), was not diagnosed of placenta accreta spectrum until delivery. A cesarean section was performed for fetal breech presentation. The placenta could not be detached from the uterine fundus and marked bleeding started. We conducted the “TURIP” procedure: ensured hemostasis with tourniquet of uterine isthmus, uterus inversion to expose the adhesion site with intra‐venous nitroglycerin administration, placental detachment by sharp dissection under direct visualization. The detached areas were sutured for hemostasis. The patient recovered uneventfully and achieved the second pregnancy by IVF 1 year later. The TURIP procedure is useful to preserve fertility in unpredicted placenta accreta spectrum without previa, even in undiagnosed cases before delivery.
Insurance demand in the presence of loss‐dependent background risk
Authors: Hinck Sebastian , Steinorth Petra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe analyze insurance demand when insurable losses come with an uninsurable zero‐mean background risk that increases in the loss size. If the individual is risk vulnerable, loss‐dependent background risk triggers a precautionary insurance motive and increases optimal insurance demand. Prudence alone is sufficient for insurance demand to increase in two cases: the case of fair insurance and the case where the smallest possible loss exceeds a certain threshold value (referred to as the large loss case). We derive conditions under which insurance demand increases or decreases in initial wealth. In the large loss case, prudence determines whether changes in the background risk lead to more insurance demand. We generalize this result to arbitrary loss distributions and find conditions based on decreasing third‐degree Ross risk aversion, Arrow–Pratt risk aversion, and Arrow–Pratt temperance.
Creation of microbial bio‐aroma wheel design according to smell attributes and multivariate exploratory methods
Authors: Roy Priyanka , Malik Mohit , Kumar Yogesh , Kumar Vijay , Meghwal Murlidhar , Jethwa Pinkesh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicrobial bio‐aroma synthesized from biowaste, and its marketing is an emerging aspect of future research due to their benefits. However, the sensory lexicon of bio‐aroma has not yet been developed so far. This study aims to identify the smell characteristics of bio‐aroma produced by fermentative yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus by solid‐state fermentation, where the sample was extracted from fermented sugarcane bagasse (FSB), sweet lemon peel (FSLP), and pomegranate peel (FPP). A group of 49 respondents participated in this sensory analysis; the generated data reveal that a total of 29, 35, and 26 aroma essences gets from FSB, FSLP, and FPP, respectively. Multiple factor analysis was performed using XLSTAT 2022.1 version, and hierarchical clustering was used to classify the different cluster levels of aroma attributes. An aroma wheel is designed according to the attributes of classified aroma (smell). This bio‐aroma has prospects for application in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic products.Practical ApplicationsThis fermented bio‐waste aroma lexicon will be helpful to academicians, researchers, flavorist and consumers to understand the precise description and basic terms. It also make them aware about a natural alternative source of flavor and aroma ingredients. It can be used as a sustainable additive for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries in the future.
Exploring cider website descriptions using a novel text mining approach
Authors: Calvert Martha D. , Cole Elizabeth , Neill Clinton L. , Stewart Amanda C. , Whitehead Susan R. , Lahne Jacob 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRapid methods of text analysis are increasingly important tools for efficiently extracting and understanding communication within the food and beverage space. This study aimed to use frequency‐based text mining and biterm topic modeling (BTM) as tools for analyzing how cider products are communicated and marketed on cider‐producer websites for products made in Virginia, Vermont, and New York. BTM has been previously used to explore topics in small corpora of text data, and frequency‐based text mining is efficient for exploring patterns of text across different documents or filters. The present dataset comprised 1115 cider products and their website descriptions extracted from 124 total cider‐producer websites during 2020 and 2021. Results of the text mining analyses suggest that cider website descriptions emphasize food‐pairing, production, and sensory quality information. Altogether, this research presents the text mining approaches for exploring food and beverage communication.Practical applicationsThis research will be valuable to stakeholders in the United States' cider industry by providing relevant insight as to how cider marketing and sensory communication varies based on extrinsic product factors, such as geography and packaging. This research also demonstrates the efficiency and potential of text mining tools for exploring language and communication related to foods, beverages, and sensory quality. Further, this research provides a framework for extracting sensory‐specific language from a large corpus of data, which may be adopted by other researchers wishing to apply rapid descriptive methods in the sensory, quality, and consumer research fields.
Dynamics of market making algorithms in dealer markets: Learning and tacit collusion
Authors: Cont Rama , Xiong Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe widespread use of market‐making algorithms in electronic over‐the‐counter markets may give rise to unexpected effects resulting from the autonomous learning dynamics of these algorithms. In particular the possibility of “tacit collusion” among market makers has increasingly received regulatory scrutiny. We model the interaction of market makers in a dealer market as a stochastic differential game of intensity control with partial information and study the resulting dynamics of bid‐ask spreads. Competition among dealers is modeled as a Nash equilibrium, while collusion is described in terms of Pareto optima. Using a decentralized multi‐agent deep reinforcement learning algorithm to model how competing market makers learn to adjust their quotes, we show that the interaction of market making algorithms via market prices, without any sharing of information, may give rise to tacit collusion, with spread levels strictly above the competitive equilibrium level.
The reporting of ethical review and ethical considerations in articles published in medical education journals: A literature review
Authors: Schutte Tim , Fasel Maaike E. , Fokkens Janneke T. , Wouters Anouk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundHealth professions education research (HPE‐R) must be ethically sound. Ethical review decisions and other ethical considerations should be clearly reported in journal articles to allow readers to assess the ethical soundness of the research. We explored and evaluated how ethical review decisions and ethical considerations for HPE‐R are reported in health professions education (HPE) journal articles.MethodsWe identified a 1‐year sample, for 2020, of eight HPE journals. We systematically assessed the reporting of ethical review and key ethical considerations in the articles in the sample.ResultsThe search yielded 2004 articles, of which 955 articles (47.7%) were eligible and were thus assessed. Most (83.4%) of the assessed articles mentioned a review by an ethical review board (ERB). In the category ‘research articles’, 92% articles reported the outcome of the ethical review. In the category ‘other articles’ (e.g. educational case reports), reporting of ethical processes was less common (32%). Overall, the reporting of key ethical considerations was limited, although these considerations were more reported in ‘research articles’ compared with ‘other articles’.ConclusionsERB assessments and HPE‐R approval was reported in most research articles. This finding is an improvement compared with previous evaluations of ethical research practice in HPE‐R. All studies, particularly those that are exempted or not fully reviewed, should describe their key ethical considerations clearly to enable the HPE community to assess the ethical soundness. Our review revealed that the reporting of ethical considerations was limited and deserves attention from the research community.
Everything OLD is new again: How structural, functional, and bioinformatic advances have redefined a neglected nuclease family
Authors: Dot Elena Wanvig , Thomason Lynn C. , Chappie Joshua S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOvercoming lysogenization defect (OLD) proteins are a conserved family of ATP‐powered nucleases that function in anti‐phage defense. Recent bioinformatic, genetic, and crystallographic studies have yielded new insights into the structure, function, and evolution of these enzymes. Here we review these developments and propose a new classification scheme to categorize OLD homologs that relies on gene neighborhoods, biochemical properties, domain organization, and catalytic machinery. This taxonomy reveals important similarities and differences between family members and provides a blueprint to contextualize future in vivo and in vitro findings. We also detail how OLD nucleases are related to PARIS and Septu anti‐phage defense systems and discuss important mechanistic questions that remain unanswered.