bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of early death risk among untransplanted patients with combined immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity: A multicenter report
Authors: Al‐Herz Waleed , Ziyab Ali H. , Adeli Mehdi , Al Farsi Tariq , Al‐Hammadi Suleiman , Al Kuwaiti Amna Ali , Al‐Nesf Maryam , Al Sukaiti Nashat , Al‐Tamemi Salem , Shendi Hiba 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increased demand for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) to treat various diseases including combined immunodeficiencies (CID), with limited worldwide availability. Variables affecting the decision regarding CID patients' prioritization for HSCT are not known. We aimed to determine general, clinical, and immunologic factors associated with the higher risk of early death (≤6 months after diagnosis) in untransplanted CID patients.MethodsData collection was done retrospectively from five centers and included general patients' information, and clinical and laboratory variables. Inclusion criteria were untransplanted patients who are either dead or alive with a follow‐up period ≥6 months after diagnosis.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐six CID patients were reported by participating centers, of whom 111 were included in the study with a cumulative follow‐up period of 278.6 years. Seventy‐two patients died with the median age of death of 10.5 months. 35.1% of the patients succumbed within 6 months after the diagnosis. Having a history of Candida infections, sepsis or hepatomegaly was associated with an increased risk of early death. None of the other general or clinical variables was associated with such risk. Bivariate analysis of lymphocyte subsets showed that patients with the following counts: CD3+ < 100, CD4+ < 200, CD8+ < 50, or CD16+CD56+ <200 cells/μl had increased risk of early death. In adjusted analysis, increased risk of early death was observed among patients with CD3+ count <100 cells/μl.ConclusionCombined immunodeficiencies patients with a history of Candida infections, sepsis, hepatomegaly, or severe T‐lymphopenia should be given priority for HSCT to avoid early death.
Auriculotherapy in a patient with Arnold Chiari malformation type II: Case report
Authors: Molena Kelly Fernanda , Paulo Alana Cândido , Borsatto Maria Cristina , Torres Carolina Paes , Díaz‐Serrano Kranya Victoria , Bezerra Segato Raquel Assed , de Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAims: Auriculotherapy is a therapeutic method of traditional Chinese Medicine in which a stimulus is exerted on the ear and activates energy channels throughout the body, helping to control anxiety, stress, pain, inflammation, illnesses chronic, and possibly can be used in patient with Arnold Chiari Malformation type II who have painful symptoms that are difficult to resolve. Thus, the aim of this article is to present a case in a patient with Chiari Malformation II where auriculotherapy and effect of laser therapy were performed, to relieve symptoms of agitation, anxiety and healing of self‐mutilation injuries.Case report: Data from medical records were used to collect medical and dental history, complaints and treatments performed. Eight sessions of auriculotherapy and one of laser therapy were carried out in order to heal the lesions. The patient presented lower levels of anxiety, agitation and ceased the habit of self‐mutilation and, consequently, the pain.Conclusions: The use of auriculotherapy led to a considerable improvement in the patient's painful condition and reduced anxiety, also benefiting the interaction with her family members and laser therapy promoted wound healing.
Secular trends in 20 m shuttle run test performance of 14‐ to 15‐year‐old adolescents from 1995 to 2020
Authors: Huotari Pertti , Gråstén Arto , Huhtiniemi Mikko , Jaakkola Timo 
Published: December 2022

PurposeTo investigate whether Finnish adolescents' cardiorespiratory fitness measured using the 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) changed between 1995 and 2020 and to examine between‐group variation in the five datasets during the past 25 years.MethodsData on five cohorts were collected in 1995 (n = 498), 1998 (n = 796), 2003 (n = 2383), 2010 (n = 1383), and 2020 (n = 719). The 20mSRT was administered, following the exact same protocol, to all cohorts. A general linear contrast model was used to examine cohort differences in the 20mSRT scores. Variation across cohorts was tested using chi‐square‐based between‐group tests.ResultsGirls' 20mSRT scores decreased from 1995 to 2010 and remained stable from 2010 to 2020. Boys' 20mSRT scores decreased continuously from 1995 to 2020. In addition, the variation in girls' 20mSRT scores was larger in the 2020 than 2003 cohort, indicating the growth of SRT differences between individuals in 2020 cohort compared to 2003 cohort. Similarly, boys' scores showed greater variation, especially in the 2010 and 2020 cohorts than in the 1998 cohort.ConclusionThe results of this study showed an overall decline in the cardiorespiratory fitness performance measured by 20mSRT of Finnish adolescents. Boys' scores decreased continuously from 1995 to 2020, whereas girls' scores remained stable after 2010. Examination of the variation in scores further revealed that the gap in scores between the adolescents with the highest and lowest scores increased over time.
Autoploid origin and rapid diploidization of the tetraploid Thinopyrum elongatum revealed by genome differentiation and chromosome pairing in meiosis
Authors: Shi Qinghua , Guo Xianrui , Su Handong , Zhang Yingxin , Hu Zanmin , Zhang Jing , Han Fangpu 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYPolyploidy is a common mode of evolution in flowering plants. Both the natural tetraploid Thinopyrum elongatum and the diploid one from the same population show a diploid‐like pairing in meiosis. However, debate on the chromosome composition and origin of the tetraploid Th. elongatum is ongoing. In the present study, we obtained the induced tetraploid Th. elongatum and found that the induced and natural tetraploids are morphologically close, except for slower development and lower seed setting. Using probes developed from single chromosome microdissection and a Fosmid library, obvious differentiations were discovered between two chromosome sets (E1 and E2) of the natural tetraploid Th. elongatum but not the induced one. Interestingly, hybrid F1 derived from the two different wheat‐tetraploid Th. elongatum amphiploids 8802 and 8803 produced seeds well. More importantly, analysis of meiosis in F2 individuals revealed that chromosomes from E1 and E2 could pair well on the durum wheat background with the presence of Ph1. No chromosome set differentiation on the FISH level was discovered from the S1 to S4 generations in the induced one. In metaphase of the meiosis first division in the natural tetraploid, more pairings were bivalents and fewer quadrivalents with ratio of 13.94 II + 0.03 IV (n = 31). Chromosome pairing configuration in the induced tetraploid is 13.05 II + 0.47 IV (n = 19), with the quadrivalent ratio being only slightly higher than the ratio in the natural tetraploid. Therefore, the natural tetraploid Th. elongatum is of autoploid origin and the induced tetraploid Th. elongatum evolutionarily underwent rapid diploidization in the low generation.
Diagnostic imaging and histopathologic features of rounded atelectasis in four cats and one dog: A descriptive case series study
Authors: Fukuda Shoko , Reetz Jennifer A. , Hamamoto Kohei , Griffin Lynn , Schaffer Paula A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn humans, rounded atelectasis is defined as focal lung collapse that radiologically appears as a round mass‐like lesion in the periphery of the lung. In general, human patients with rounded atelectasis have a history of pleural effusion and abnormal pleura and characteristic CT findings help to distinguish rounded atelectasis from pulmonary neoplasia without the need for invasive surgical biopsy. This retrospective multi‐center case series describes rounded atelectasis in four cats and one dog. Chylothorax was seen in four patients and an eosinophilic and lymphoplasmacytic effusion was seen in one patient. All patients had solitary or multifocal subpleural pulmonary masses (26 masses total in 5 patients) with diffuse, multifocal, or focal visceral and parietal pleural thickening. All the masses but one were broad‐based towards the visceral pleura. Masses were most common in the ventral or lateral aspect of the lungs. Indistinctness at the hilar aspect of the lesion was seen in all masses; a “comet tail” sign was seen in 14 of 26 masses. On postcontrast images, the lesions were homogeneously enhanced in 24 of 26 masses and heterogeneous in two of 26 masses. Other findings include ground glass opacities (n = 5), parenchymal bands (n = 4), mild to moderate lymphadenopathy (n = 4), and compensatory hyperinflation of the lung lobes not affected by atelectasis (n = 2). Histopathology of four cases revealed atelectasis with fixed pleural folds, chronic pleuritis, and mild to moderate pleural fibrosis. Awareness of rounded atelectasis in veterinary species will enable inclusion of a benign etiology into the differential diagnosis for subpleural masses in cases with pleural abnormalities.
Equipment and Facilities Gap in Vocational Technical Education of Higher Institution: Implication for Graduates Employability in Nigeria
Authors: Olojuolawe Sunday , Adeoluwa Olufemi Victor 
Published: December 2022

Sains

Humanika

Full paper

Equipment and Facilities Gap in Vocational Technical Education of Higher Institution: Implication for Graduates Employability in Nigeria
The global aim of technical education is to produce competent manpower who will be employable or self-reliant. The rising rate of restiveness and criminality occasioned by the spate of unemployment among technical education graduates in Nigeria calls for concern. Despite the huge government investment in technical education, there seem to be a lot of grounds to be covered in equipment and facilities. This study surveys the equipment and facilities used for teaching technical students in Nigeria Universities. A peer-reviewed methodological approach based on a systematic review of journal articles and a checklist of the minimum equipment and facilities standards by the National University Commission was conducted using research assistants from Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ekiti State University and the Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti was used for this study. The totality of equipment and Facilities available in the 3 Universities for imparting knowledge in Electrical/Electronics, Building technology, Woodwork Technology, Metalwork and Automobile technologies. The percentages of the available equipment and facilities were obtained using Excel Package for generalization. The study reveals that equipment and facilities for some courses in technical education are grossly in short supply. A recommendation was made for further study on the quality and functionality of the equipment and facility for teaching technical students in Nigerian Universities.
Adaptive exhaustion during prolonged intermittent hypoxia causes dysregulated skeletal muscle protein homeostasis
Authors: Attaway Amy H. , Bellar Annette , Mishra Saurabh , Karthikeyan Manikandan , Sekar Jinendiran , Welch Nicole , Musich Ryan , Singh Shashi Shekhar , Kumar Avinash , Menon Aishwarya , King Jasmine , Langen Ramon , Webster Justine , Scheraga Rachel G. , Rochon Kristy , Mears Jason , Naga Prasad Sathyamangla V. , Hatzoglou Maria , Chakraborty Abhishek A. , Dasarathy Srinivasan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNocturnal hypoxaemia, which is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, is associated with skeletal muscle loss or sarcopenia, which contributes to adverse clinical outcomes. In COPD, we have defined this as prolonged intermittent hypoxia (PIH) because the duration of hypoxia in skeletal muscle occurs through the duration of sleep followed by normoxia during the day, in contrast to recurrent brief hypoxic episodes during obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Adaptive cellular responses to PIH are not known. Responses to PIH induced by three cycles of 8 h hypoxia followed by 16 h normoxia were compared to those during chronic hypoxia (CH) or normoxia for 72 h in murine C2C12 and human inducible pluripotent stem cell‐derived differentiated myotubes. RNA sequencing followed by downstream analyses were complemented by experimental validation of responses that included both unique and shared perturbations in ribosomal and mitochondrial function during PIH and CH. A sarcopenic phenotype characterized by decreased myotube diameter and protein synthesis, and increased phosphorylation of eIF2α (Ser51) by eIF2α kinase, and of GCN‐2 (general controlled non‐derepressed‐2), occurred during both PIH and CH. Mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction, disrupted supercomplex assembly, lower activity of Complexes I, III, IV and V, and reduced intermediary metabolite concentrations occurred during PIH and CH. Decreased mitochondrial fission occurred during CH. Physiological relevance was established in skeletal muscle of mice with COPD that had increased phosphorylation of eIF2α, lower protein synthesis and mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction. Molecular and metabolic responses with PIH suggest an adaptive exhaustion with failure to restore homeostasis during normoxia.
imageKey points
Sarcopenia or skeletal muscle loss is one of the most frequent complications that contributes to mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Unlike chronic hypoxia, prolonged intermittent hypoxia is a frequent, underappreciated and clinically relevant model of hypoxia in patients with COPD.
We developed a novel, in vitro myotube model of prolonged intermittent hypoxia with molecular and metabolic perturbations, mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction, and consequent sarcopenic phenotype.
In vivo studies in skeletal muscle from a mouse model of COPD shared responses with our myotube model, establishing the pathophysiological relevance of our studies.
These data lay the foundation for translational studies in human COPD to target prolonged, nocturnal hypoxaemia to prevent sarcopenia in these patients.
Neural representation and modulation of volitional motivation in response to escalating efforts
Authors: Zhang Liping , Liu Chengwei , Zhou Xiaopeng , Zhou Hui , Luo Shengtao , Wang Qin , Yao Zhimo , Chen Jiang‐Fan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTask‐dependent volitional control of the selected neural activity in the cortex is critical to neuroprosthetic learning to achieve reliable and robust control of the external device. The volitional control of neural activity is driven by a motivational factor (volitional motivation), which directly reinforces the target neurons via real‐time biofeedback. However, in the absence of motor behaviour, how do we evaluate volitional motivation? Here, we defined the criterion (ΔF/F) of the calcium fluorescence signal in a volitionally controlled neural task, then escalated the efforts by progressively increasing the number of reaching the criterion or holding time after reaching the criterion. We devised calcium‐based progressive threshold‐crossing events (termed ‘Calcium PTE’) and calcium‐based progressive threshold‐crossing holding‐time (termed ‘Calcium PTH’) for quantitative assessment of volitional motivation in response to progressively escalating efforts. Furthermore, we used this novel neural representation of volitional motivation to explore the neural circuit and neuromodulator bases for volitional motivation. As with behavioural motivation, chemogenetic activation and pharmacological blockade of the striatopallidal pathway decreased and increased, respectively, the breakpoints of the ‘Calcium PTE’ and ‘Calcium PTH’ in response to escalating efforts. Furthermore, volitional and behavioural motivation shared similar dopamine dynamics in the nucleus accumbens in response to trial‐by‐trial escalating efforts. In general, the development of a neural representation of volitional motivation may open a new avenue for smooth and effective control of brain–machine interface tasks.
imageKey points
Volitional motivation is quantitatively evaluated by M1 neural activity in response to progressively escalating volitional efforts.
The striatopallidal pathway and adenosine A2A receptor modulate volitional motivation in response to escalating efforts.
Dopamine dynamics encode prediction signal for reward in response to repeated escalating efforts during motor and volitional conditioning.
Mice learn to modulate neural activity to compensate for repeated escalating efforts in volitional control.
DDE-GAN: Integrating a Data-Driven Design Evaluator Into Generative Adversarial Networks for Desirable and Diverse Concept Generation
Authors: Yuan Chenxi , Marion Tucker , Moghaddam Mohsen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown remarkable success in various generative design tasks, from topology optimization to material design, and shape parametrization. However, most generative design approaches based on GANs lack evaluation mechanisms to ensure the generation of diverse samples. In addition, no GAN-based generative design model incorporates user sentiments in the loss function to generate samples with high desirability from the aggregate perspectives of users. Motivated by these knowledge gaps, this paper builds and validates a novel GAN-based generative design model with an offline design evaluation function to generate samples that are not only realistic but also diverse and desirable. A multimodal data-driven design evaluation (DDE) model is developed to guide the generative process by automatically predicting user sentiments for the generated samples based on large-scale user reviews of previous designs. This paper incorporates DDE into the StyleGAN structure, a state-of-the-art GAN model, to enable data-driven generative processes that are innovative and user-centered. The results of experiments conducted on a large dataset of footwear products demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DDE-GAN in generating high-quality, diverse, and desirable concepts.
Evaluation of Component Level Degradation in the Boeing 737-800 Air Cycle Machine
Authors: Jennions Ian , Ali Fakhre 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An aircraft is composed of several highly integrated and complex systems that enable it to deliver safe and comfortable flight. Its functionality is therefore strongly dependent on the safe operation of these systems within their designed optimal efficiencies. The air cycle machine (ACM) is a subsystem of the pressurized air conditioner (PACK) system, its key function is to enable refrigeration of the air in order to comply with the wide range of cabin environment requirements for maintaining aircraft safety and passenger comfort. The operation of the ACM is governed by the PACK control system which can mask degradation in its component during operation until severe degradation or failure results. The required maintenance is then both costly and disruptive. The ACM has been reported as one of the most frequently replaced subsystem and has been therefore reported as a major driver of unscheduled maintenance by the operators. This paper aims to investigate the component level degradation in the ACM at various severities and quantify the impact of its performance characteristics and associated interdependencies at PACK system level. In this paper, Cranfield University’s in-house environmental control system (ECS) simulation framework called simscape ECS simulation under all conditions (SESAC) has been implemented to evaluate degradation in the ACM components in a representative Boeing 737-800 aircraft PACK model. The fault modes of interest are those highlighted by the operators and correspond to the ACM compressor, turbine, and interconnecting mechanical shaft efficiency degradation. Simulation results, in terms of temperature, pressure, and mass flow at various degradation severities, are presented and discussed for each component at PACK system level. The acquired results suggest that, for all three fault modes, the PACK controller can compensate for an ACM degradation severity of up to 20%, allowing the PACK to sustain the delivery of the demanded temperature and mass flow. For degradation severity of above 20%, the PACK is able to deliver the demanded temperature with a substantially reduced mass flow. This has a significant impact on the PACK’s ability to meet the cabin demand efficiently. The methodology reported and the findings conceived to serve as an enabler toward formulating an effective PACK fault diagnostics and condition monitoring solution at system level, and fault reasoning at vehicle level.
Technoeconomic Analysis of a Small-Scale Downdraft Gasification-Based Cogeneration Power Plant Using Green Wastes
Authors: Duque-Uribe David , Montiel-Bohórquez Néstor D. , Pérez Juan F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this work, the technoeconomic assessment of a small-scale gasification-based cogeneration plant (25–50 kWe) fed with green wastes (fallen leaves, spent coffee grounds, and paperboard) is presented. The cogeneration power plant is modeled using Thermoflex software under thermochemical equilibrium and steady-state assumptions. Subsequently, the performance of the cogeneration plant is numerically analyzed as a function of the feedstock moisture content (6–30%), air–waste equivalence ratio (0.20–0.55), and the system load (6.25–25 kWe). The results show that the best energy performance of the cogeneration plant is achieved with a feedstock moisture of 6.05%, an equivalence ratio of 0.358, and a load of 25 kWe. At this best performance mode, the electric generation and cogeneration efficiencies are 19.33% and 49.71%, respectively, with a specific biomass consumption of 1.19 kg/kWh. Two scenarios are established for the economic assessment. The baseline scenario considers a 25-kWe cogeneration plant, while, in the second one, the generation capacity of the system was assumed to be doubled (50 kWe). The financial results show that the power generation has an energy levelized cost of 11.7 ¢$/kWh and 8.4 ¢$/kWh for 25 kWe and 50 kWe, respectively. Nevertheless, none of the proposed scenarios were found to be economically feasible based on the negative net present value obtained. Therefore, further energy laws and regulations are required seeking to support the small-scale auto-generation units based on biomass gasification.
Development of JAEA Advanced Multi-Physics Analysis Platform for Nuclear Systems
Authors: Kamiya Tomohiro , Ono Ayako , Tada Kenichi , Akie Hiroshi , Nagaya Yasunobu , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Kawanishi Tomohiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) Advanced Multi-Physics Analysis platform for Nuclear systems (JAMPAN) has been developed for high-fidelity multi-physics simulation. This platform has good extensibility and modularity, enabling us to consider multi-physics and -scale phenomena in a nuclear power plant by combining various simulation codes. JAMPAN consists of a data container and physics components. The physics components can be freely connected and disconnected from the data container and contain common modules. Owing to the common modules, additional modules for an independent analysis code are only required when this code is added. This paper presents an overview of JAMPAN and the numerical simulation results of a neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupling simulation by JAMPAN. Reference solutions derived from a high-fidelity simulation are required to validate the reactor analysis codes; hence, codes without empirical correlations are required. As the first platform examination, the neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupling simulation for a 4 × 4 fuel bundle system is conducted using JAMPAN. Consequently, the detailed power distribution of fuel rods, which varies along with the complex two-phase flow, could be acquired through the high-fidelity neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupling simulation using JAMPAN.