bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic feature-based leakage event detection in near real-time for large-scale water distribution networks
Authors: Chew Alvin Wei Ze , Kalfarisi Rony , Meng Xue , Pok Jocelyn , Wu Zheng Yi , Cai Jianping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Acoustic sensors are widely deployed to detect hidden leakages in water distribution networks (WDNs). However, few studies have been conducted to quantitatively understand the dominant leakage acoustic characteristics, which are usually mixed with unknown environmental noises, coupled with the constraint of sparse deployment of acoustic sensors. In this paper, a comprehensive approach, that performs acoustic data feature analysis, is developed to detect pipe leakages in near real-time via a series of systematic analyses, namely: (1) data quality assessment; (2) features identifications; (3) outlier detection and event classification; and finally (4) near real-time leakage detection. The proposed solution has been tested on two major WDNs in Singapore having around 1,000 km of water pipelines installed with 74 permanently installed hydrophone sensors. The leakage detection results obtained from our case study demonstrate that the dominant leakage acoustic characteristics can be captured in lower intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), to within the frequency range of 100–750 Hz approximately, by decomposing the original acoustic signal. Systemwide leakage event detection and classification models are subsequently trained and tested on acoustic datasets collected over 13 historical months, where more than 70% F1-scores can be obtained from the emulated near real-time leakage detection analysis.
Drought characterization and severity analysis using GRACE-TWS and MODIS datasets: a case study from the Awash River Basin (ARB), Ethiopia
Authors: Getahun Yitea Seneshaw , Li Ming-Hsu , Chen Yi-Ying , Yate Tewoderos Addisu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Drought is the utmost highly devastating phenomenon in Ethiopia because of societies that are reliant on rainfall-dependent agriculture; thus, it is crucial to characterize drought at the basin scale using new developments in remote sensing products and recently proposed drought indices. This study aimed to quantify drought in the Awash River Basin (ARB) using drought indices of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI), Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), and Water Storage Deficit Index (WSDI). The Mann–Kendall test analysis of annual and seasonal terrestrial water storage (TWS) showed a significant increase from 2002 to 2017 that is beneficial for developmental activities in the ARB. GRACE showed a record high extreme drought that persisted for 15 months was noticed from 2005/01 to 2006/03 with a total water storage deficit of −411.8 mm with a peak shortage of −46.24 mm in 2005/03, representing severe terrestrial water shortage in the ARB. This GRACE-TWS-based quantified extreme water shortage in 2005/30 can be used as a threshold for adaptation. Overall, this study provides a reliable outcome that will be vital for the establishment of climate change adaptation pathways in the future for viable water resources management to minimize the disastrous impacts of drought in the AR.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Current Alternatives in Veterinary Practice: A
Review
Authors: Sciorsci Raffaele Luigi , Rizzo Annalisa , Piccinno Mariagrazia , Lillo Edoardo , Carbonari Alice , Jirillo Felicita 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections. For many years, antibiotics have been
used at sub-therapeutic doses to promote animal growth and misused as prophylactics and metaphylactic on
farms. The widespread and improper use of antibiotics has resulted in a serious problem, defined as antibiotic
resistance by the World Health Organisation, which is a major public health threat in the 21st century. Bacteria
have evolved sophisticated mechanistic strategies to avoid being killed by antibiotics. These strategies can be
classified as intrinsic resistance (referring to the inherent structural or functional characteristics of a bacterial
species) or acquired resistance (referring to mutations in chromosomal genes or the acquisition of external genetic
determinants of resistance). In farm animals, the use of antibiotics warrants serious consideration, as their
residues leach into the environment through effluents and come into contact with humans through food. Several
factors have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review provides an update on
antibiotic resistance mechanisms, while focusing on the effects of this threat on veterinary medicine, and highlighting
causal factors in clinical practice. Finally, it makes an excursus on alternative therapies, such as the use
of bacteriophages, bacteriocins, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, phytochemicals, and ozone therapy,
which should be used to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. Some of these therapies, such as ozone therapy,
are aimed at preventing the persistence of antibiotics in animal tissues and their contact with the final consumer
of food of animal origin.
Hub Genes and Immune Cell Infiltration in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vivo Validation
Authors: Li Chengwei , Xia Jingwen , Yiminniyaze Ruzetuoheti , Dong Liang , Li Shengqing 
Published: January 2023

Background:Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) represents a severe pulmonary disorder with high morbidity and mortality, which necessitates identifying the critical molecular mechanisms underlying HPH pathogenesis.Methods:The mRNA expression microarray GSE15197 (containing 8 pulmonary tissues from HPH and 13 normal controls) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were executed by RStudio software. The Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was visualized and established using Cytoscape, and the cytoHubba app from Cytoscape was used to pick out the hub modules. The infiltration of immune cells in HPH was analyzed using the CIBERSORTx. To confirm the potential hub genes, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted using lung tissues of rat HPH models and controls.Results:A total of 852 upregulated and 547 downregulated genes were identified. The top terms in biological processes were apoptosis, proliferation, and regulation of the MAPK cascade, including ERK1/2. Cytoplasm, cytosol, and membrane were enriched in cellular component groups. Molecular functions mainly focus on protein binding, protein serine/threonine kinase activity and identical protein binding. KEGG analysis identified pathways in cancer, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and rap1 signaling pathway. There was significantly different immune cell infiltration between HPH and normal control samples. High proportions of the memory subsets of B cells and CD4 cells, Macrophages M2 subtype, and resting Dendritic cells were found in HPH samples, while high proportions of naive CD4 cells and resting mast cells were found in normal control samples. The qRTPCR results showed that among the ten identified hub modules, FBXL3, FBXL13 and XCL1 mRNA levels were upregulated, while NEDD4L, NPFFR2 and EDN3 were downregulated in HPH rats compared with control rats.Conclusion:Our study revealed the key genes and the involvement of immune cell infiltration in HPH, thus providing new insight into the pathogenesis of HPH and potential treatment targets for patients with HPH.
Significance of Complement Regulatory Protein Tetraspanins in the Male
Reproductive System and Fertilization
Authors: Jangid Pooja , Rai Umesh , bakshi Amrita , Singh Rajeev 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Fertilization is a very sophisticated and unique process involving several key steps resulting
in a zygote's formation. Recent research has indicated that some immune system-related cell surface
molecules (CD molecules from the tetraspanin superfamily) may have a role in fertilization. Extracellular
vesicles are undeniably involved in a variety of cellular functions, including reproduction. Tetraspanin
proteins identified in extracellular vesicles are now used mostly as markers; mounting evidence
indicates that they also participate in cell targeting, cargo selection, and extracellular vesicle formation.
Their significance and potential in mammalian reproduction are currently being studied extensively.
Despite the fact that the current data did not establish any theory, the crucial function of tetraspanins in
the fertilization process was not ruled out, and the specific role of tetraspanins is still unknown. In this
review, we bring insight into the existing knowledge regarding the expression of tetraspanins in spermatozoa
and seminal fluid and their role in gamete binding and fusion.
Lycopene as a Potential Bioactive Compound: Chemistry, Extraction, and
Anticancer Prospective
Authors: Khalaf Reema Abu , Awad Maha 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Lycopene, a potential bioactive agent, is a non-pro-vitamin A carotenoid recognized as a
potent antioxidant. It is extracted from plants like tomatoes, watermelons, red carrots and papayas and
has remarkable health benefits. A significant amount of research has been assisted to date to establish
the anticancer activity of lycopene. Our review enhances information about the promising anticancer
potential of this compound. The biological activity of lycopene has been described in several studies in
regard to pancreatic, breast, prostate, liver, gastric, ovarian, kidney, skin, intestine, brain and spinal
cord cancers. Lycopene resists cancer by inhibition of apoptosis, induction of cell proliferation, cell
invasion, cell cycle development, metastasis and angiogenesis. The mechanisms of anticancer action of
lycopene are attributed to the management of certain signal transduction pathways, such as modulation
of insulin-like growth factors system, PI3K/Akt pathway, modification of important gene expression,
inhibit the activity of sex steroid hormones, and the conversation of mitochondrial behavior. Hence,
this review focuses on current knowledge of sources, extraction techniques, and chemistry of lycopene,
as well as the prospective mechanisms of action related with its anticancer activity. Also, it summarizes
the background information about lycopene and the most current research with consideration to its
aspect in treating several types of cancer together with future directions.
Screening, Deconvolution and Parallel Synthesis of Trisubstituted
Piperazine and Trisubstituted 2,3-diketopierazine Libraries for the Rapid
Identification of Antagonists of the Nuclear Retinoic Acid Receptor-related
Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORγ)
Authors: Ortiz Maria A. , Piedrafita Francisco J. , Bunnell Ashley , Nefzi Adel 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Genetic studies support a key role for RORγ and RORα in the differentiation of
proinflammatory Th17 cells, and a growing body of evidence suggests a pathogenic role for Th17 in several
autoimmune diseases, including MS, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, type I diabetes,
and psoriasis. RORγ antagonists have been shown to suppress Th17 differentiation and delay the
onset of disease in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of MS.

Objective:
Given the high therapeutic interest of RORγ antagonists and the promising activity of currently
known ligands, small molecules with higher potency and receptor selectivity (in particular within the
ROR family) are highly desirable. We used our small molecule compound library to discover, characterize,
and optimize novel RORγ antagonists for the treatment of autoimmune diseases from Mixture-based
Combinatorial Chemical Libraries.

Methods:
We screened the FIU collection of small molecule libraries (>30 million compounds) composed
of 75 molecular scaffolds systematically arranged in positional scanning and scaffold ranking formats.
We identified scaffolds that selectively inhibit the binding of RORγ, RORγ, and RORβ but not RORα,
and others that function as antagonists of all three receptors.

Results:
The deconvolution of selected PS-SCL mixtures led to the identification of novel chemical entities,
trisubstituted piperazine and diketopiperazine that function as RORγ antagonists.

Conclusion:
The screening of a large complex library led to the rapid identification of novel trisubstituted
piperazine and diketopiperazine antagonists of the nuclear retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor
gamma (RORγ).
Tirzepatide: A First-in-class Twincretin for the Management of Type 2
Diabetes
Authors: Jaswal Shalini , Bisht Priya , Patel Rajiv , Parveen Darakhshan , Gupta Ghanshyam Das , Verma Sant Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Tirzepatide (LY3298176) was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) on May 13th, 2022. The drug was developed by Eli Lilly and Co. and marketed under the trade
name of ‘Mounjaro’, a first-in-class ‘Twincretin’, which is a dual activator of GIP and GLP-1 receptors,
resulting in improved blood sugar control in type 2 diabetics The review covered the comprehensive insight
on the drug discovery journey of tirzepatide.

Methods:
Using the keywords "Tirzepatide", "Twincretin", "Type 2 Diabetes", "GLP-1", and "GIP," data
were gathered from Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct.

Results:
The review covers comprehensive insight into the drug discovery journey of tirzepatide. The
drug-target structural specialty has been discussed to establish the dual inhibition mechanism of action of
tirzepatide. The results of in vitro studies, preclinical and clinical trial data, pharmacokinetic profile, dosing
regimen, side effects, and toxicities of tirzepatide are reviewed to account for the potency, efficacy,
and safety of the newly approved drug. The drug molecule may attain a privileged status in the antidiabetic
market as the clinical data showed that it effectively reduces HbA1c level in monotherapy as well
as in add-on therapy, compared to placebo, semaglutide, insulin degludec, and insulin glargine, and found
effective in type 2 diabetes associated conditions like atherogenic dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Conclusion:
Tirzepatide is a clinically efficient drug, exhibiting a good safety profile as evident from the
existing clinical data, and could be a new alternative to the currently available antidiabetics for the treatment
of T2D.
Clinical Measures of Dual Task Gait Evaluation in Individuals with Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus - A Mini-review
Authors: Sunny Sumam , Dave Dhruv 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Cognitive and motor deficits intertwined with type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM) alter walking patterns of the individuals. As walking is combined with various challenging
cognitive tasks in daily activities, dual task testing is a promising avenue for gait evaluation
and fall prediction in various conditions. However, there is a lack of clarity on the appropriate clinical
measures for dual task gait evaluation in T2DM individuals.

Objective:
The present study aims to review and identify the appropriate clinical measures for dual
task gait evaluation in T2DM.

Methods:
Electronic databases of PubMed, CINAHLPlus and scholarly platforms were searched to
identify the relevant articles. Review has included studies which have subjects with T2DM, dual
task testing as a part of evaluation, has used clinical measures to assess dual task gait and was
available in English.

Results:
16 articles met the inclusión criteria. Four studies used cognitive timed up and go test
(TUG), four studies used walking while talking test; one study used extended TUG; one study used
walking and remembering test;one study used instrumented TUG along with manual TUG and
arithmetic subtractions; two studies used inertial sensors for gait evaluation along with backword
counting; one study used two dimensional video analysis for gait along with verbal fluency task
and calculation; one study used TUG with arithmetic additions task; one study used Manual TUG
and arithmetic subtraction task while walking on GAITRITE walkway.

Conclusion:
The studies show a lack of valid and reliable clinical measures for dual task gait evaluation
in T2DM.
Using Multi-model Diffusion Weighted Imaging to Study Acute Kidney
Injury in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Li Xinghui , Liang Qi , Ouchi Erika , Bautista Matthew , Hu Jiani , Zhang XiaoMing 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
To explore the diagnostic value and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) in
patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) using intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM), diffusion
tensor imaging (DTI), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).

Methods:
224 AP patients, categorized into either the AKI group or the non-AKI group, were retrospectively
analyzed in this study. MRI sequences included routine abdominal, IVIM, DTI, and DKI
scans, and the main MRI parameters of kidney imaging and clinical characteristics were measured. The
diagnostic performance of AKI was compared, and the relationships among these indices, glomerular
filtration rate (eGFR), and AKI staging were analyzed. Finally, all parameters were analyzed by single
and multi-parameter regression.

Results:
Compared with the non-AKI group, the fast apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and
perfusion fraction (Ff ADC) value of the renal medulla in the AKI group were significantly lower than
those in the non-AKI group. The fractional anisotropy (FA) value in the renal cortex was significantly
lower than that in the medulla and significantly lower than in the non-AKI group. Lastly, the renal
medulla mean kurtosis (MK) value was also significantly lower in the AKI group compared to the non-
AKI group and exhibited the best diagnostic value for AKI in AP patients. The renal medulla MK value
positively correlated with AKI staging and negatively correlated with eGFR. The MK value was an
independent risk factor for AKI, as evidenced by multi-parameter logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion:
The measurement of renal DKI parameters is practical for diagnosing and predicting the
severity of acute kidney injury in AP patients.
Deep Learning Based on Enhanced MRI T1 Imaging to Differentiate
Small-cell and Non-small-cell Primary Lung Cancers in Patients with
Brain Metastases
Authors: Sui Lianyu , Chang Shilong , Xue LinYan , Wang Jianing , Zhang Yu , Yang Kun , Gao Bu-Lang , Yin Xiaoping 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
To differentiate the primary small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) for patients with brain metastases (BMs) based on a deep learning (DL) model
using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 weighted (T1CE) images.

Methods:
Out of 711 patients with BMs of lung cancer origin (SCLC 232, NSCLC 479), the MRI datasets
of 192 patients (lesions’ widths and heights > 30 pixels) with BMs from lung cancer (73 SCLC
and 119 NSCLC) confirmed pathologically were enrolled, retrospectively. A typical convolutional
neural network ResNet18 was applied for the automatic classification of BMs lesions from lung cancer
based on T1CE images, with training and testing groups randomized per patient to eliminate learning
bias. A 5-fold cross-validation was performed to evaluate the classification of the model. The receiver
operating characteristic (ROC) curve, accuracy, precision, recall and f1 score were calculated.

Results:
For a 5-fold cross-validation test, the DL model achieved AUCs of 0.8019 and 0.8024 for
SCLC and NSCLC patients with BMs, respectively, and a mean overall accuracy of 0.7515±0.04. The
DL model performed well in differentiating the primary SCLC and NSCLC with BMs.

Conclusion:
The proposed DL model is feasible and effective in differentiating the pathological subtypes
of SCLC and NSCLC causing BMs, which may be used as a new tool for oncologists to diagnose
noninvasively BMs and guide therapy based on the imaging structure of tumors.
BBOX1-AS1 Activates Hedgehog Signaling Pathway to Facilitate the Proliferation
and Stemness of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via
miR-506-5p/EIF5A/PTCH1 Axis
Authors: Hu Liya , Cao Hong , Zheng Lijun , Li Ruichao 
Published: January 2023

Aims and Objective:
This study aimed to unveil the specific function of lncRNA BBOX1
antisense RNA 1 (BBOX1-AS1) in ESCC cells and the underlying regulatory mechanism.

Background:
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease. Molecular mechanisms
essential to ESCC development and progression require in-depth investigation. Long noncoding
RNAs (lncRNAs) have been suggested as crucial effectors in modulating tumor growth

Methods:
RT-qPCR and western blot examined the expression of genes and proteins of concern, respectively.
Colony formation and EdU assays assessed the changes in cell proliferation. Sphere formation
assay also detected the stemness of ESCC cells. Bioinformatics prediction, along with mechanistic
assays (FISH, Subcellular fractionation, RNA pull-down, RIP, and luciferase reporter), was
conducted to explore the gene interactions and regulatory relationship.

Results:
BBOX1-AS1 was observed to be aberrantly up-regulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines.
BBOX1-AS1 depletion exerted suppressive impacts on ESCC cell proliferation and stemness, while
BBOX1-AS1 overexpression led to the opposite consequences. Moreover, BBOX1-AS1 was verified
to activate Hedgehog signaling pathway via up-regulating PTCH1, and BBOX1-AS1 could
sponge miR-506-5p to up-regulate EIF5A, thus stabilizing PTCH1 mRNA. Rescue experiments indicated
that BBOX1-AS1 could affect ESCC cell proliferation and stemness via modulation on
PTCH1.

Conclusion:
To conclude, BBOX1-AS1 activates Hedgehog signaling pathway to facilitate the proliferation
and stemness of ESCC cells via miR-506-5p/EIF5A/PTCH1 axis.
Optimization of Residential Electricity Consumption based on Multienergy
Coordinated Control of Generation, Load, and Storage
Authors: Tao Jun , A. Minfu , Yang Zaixin , Xiang Sheng 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
The power system is translating to the “generation, network, load, and
storage multiple coordination control” model, which helps to increase the proportion of renewable
energy consumption and reduce the operation cost.

Materiala and Methods:
The residential electrical system is an important component in the power
system, which includes distributed photovoltaic systems, flexible loads, electric vehicles, and battery
storage systems, which have the potential to realize multiple coordination control and minimize
the net cost of the electricity consumption in a residential electrical system by the coordinated cooperation
of generation, flexible loads, and the battery storage system. The comfort level of the residents
is also maintained during control. Therefore, a nonlinear economic model is introduced to represent
coordinated cooperation of generation, flexible loads, and the battery storage system, and a
nonlinear economic predictive controller is proposed to solve the problems of this model.

Results:
Based on the forecasted generation/load for a tumbling prediction window, the impact of
different control trajectories is estimated, then the minimum cost trajectory for flexible loads and
battery is selected, and only the first control action is implemented. Then, the prediction window is
moved to the next time interval, and the same process is repeated. The case study shows that the
proposed method reduces about 24.36% of the net cost of the residential electrical system.

Conclusion:
Meanwhile, the hot-water temperature and indoor temperature of the household are
maintained without affecting the end-user comfort, and the state-of-charge (SOC) for the electric
vehicle and the battery system is always kept under constraints without affecting usage. The proposed
method has a good performance for the coordinated cooperation of generation, flexible loads,
and battery storage system in the residential electrical system. The proposed method also increases
the consumption of PV, with the implementation in more residential buildings that will benefit in
achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 in China.