bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do people living with HIV travel safely? Assessment of travel patterns and advice‐seeking behaviour in a cohort of people living with HIV in Belgium
Authors: Martin Charlotte , Bottieau Emmanuel , Delforge Marc , Dauby Nicolas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesPre‐travel counselling has demonstrated its efficacy in decreasing travel‐related health complications. The current profile of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Europe [increasing age, visiting friends and relatives (VFR)] makes pre‐travel counselling crucial. We aimed to survey the self‐reported travel patterns and advice‐seeking behaviour among PLWH followed up at the HIV Reference Centre (HRC) of Saint‐Pierre Hospital, Brussels.MethodsA survey was conducted in all PLWH presenting at the HRC from February to June 2021. The survey covered demographic elements, travel and pre‐travel consultation habits over the last 10 years, or since the diagnosis of HIV if it was made less than 10 years earlier.ResultsThe survey was completed by 1024 PLWH (35% women, median age 49 years, the majority being virologically controlled). A substantial number of PLWH were involved in VFR travel in low‐resource countries and 65% sought pre‐travel advice before travelling: if not, it was because they did not know it was necessary (91%).ConclusionTravel is common among PLWH. Raising awareness of the importance of pre‐travel counselling should be a routine part of every healthcare encounter and especially during regular contact with HIV physicians.
Glass transition temperature of low‐activity waste nuclear glasses
Authors: George Jaime L. , Ferkl Pavel , Marcial Jose , Jin Tongan , Hrma Pavel , Kruger Albert A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe glass transition temperature (Tg) is a parameter used in many glass melt viscosity models as it denotes a temperature around which liquid‐glass transition occurs. In this work, Tg values were measured for a series of low‐activity waste (LAW) glasses using differential scanning calorimetry. These data were combined with Tg data of other waste glasses available from literature. The combined dataset, consisting of 137 data points, was used for the development of several models to estimate Tg from glass composition. When testing the number of influential components and different supervised learning methods, we demonstrated that using more than 10 components or using non‐linear methods brought marginal improvement to the model accuracy. The best model predicts Tg of both LAW and high‐level waste glasses with reasonable accuracy.
G0S2 inhibits adipogenesis and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis by repressing the expression of SCD in chicken
Authors: Yang Shaohua , Wang Wenjun , Ni Shuang 
Published: March 2023

SummaryFatty acids metabolic products and intramuscular fat (IMF) content determine meat quality in chickens. In this study, the mechanisms of G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) underlying modulation of chicken IMF content as well as fatty acid synthesis was investigated. Several advanced techniques including Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometer (GC–MS), RNA‐sequencing and lentiviral transfection were utilised. RNA‐sequencing showed that 2242 differentially expressed genes were significantly different, and many of these were related to lipid catabolism, such as stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD), acyl‐CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 2 (ACSBG2), and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), etc. Knocking down of G0S2 also affected the biological activities of signal transduction, catalytic activity, lipid metabolism, cell cycle and death, cell differentiation and immune response. GC–MS revealed that decreased lipid accumulation and lower unsaturated fatty acid percentage were observed in G0S2 knockdown adipocytes. Our results showed that lower expression of G0S2 decreased lipid accumulation mainly via down‐regulated SCD, then regulated mRNA levels of patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2), which was shown as a major triglyceride lipase in the liver and adipose tissue. Importantly, we further verified the regulation network of G0S2 in the thigh tissues of 12 Huangshan Black chickens, which was consistent with previous IMF results. Thus, our study highlights that G0S2 modulated chicken meat quality traits by the G0S2–SCD–PNPLA2 axis in lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo. These findings are expected to provide a strategy from a genetic perspective for improving the meat quality.
Evolution of mitogenomic gene order in Orthoptera
Authors: Gaugel Sarah Maria , Hawlitschek Oliver , Dey Lara‐Sophie , Husemann Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMitochondrial gene order has contributed to the elucidation of evolutionary relationships in several animal groups. It generally has found its application as a phylogenetic marker for deep nodes. Yet, in Orthoptera limited research has been performed on the gene order, although the group represents one of the oldest insect orders. We performed a comprehensive study on mitochondrial genome rearrangements (MTRs) within Orthoptera in the context of mitogenomic sequence‐based phylogeny. We used 280 published mitogenome sequences from 256 species, including three outgroup species, to reconstruct a molecular phylogeny. Using a heuristic approach, we assigned MTR scenarios to the edges of the phylogenetic tree and reconstructed ancestral gene orders to identify possible synapomorphies in Orthoptera. We found all types of MTRs in our dataset: inversions, transpositions, inverse transpositions, and tandem‐duplication/random loss events (TDRL). Most of the suggested MTRs were in single and unrelated species. Out of five MTRs which were unique in subgroups of Orthoptera, we suggest four of them to be synapomorphies; those were in the infraorder Acrididea, in the tribe Holochlorini, in the subfamily Pseudophyllinae, and in the two families Phalangopsidae and Gryllidae or their common ancestor (leading to the relationship ((Phalangopsidae + Gryllidae) + Trigonidiidae)). However, similar MTRs have been found in distant insect lineages. Our findings suggest convergent evolution of specific mitochondrial gene orders in several species, deviant from the evolution of the mitogenome DNA sequence. As most MTRs were detected at terminal nodes, a phylogenetic inference of deeper nodes based on MTRs is not supported. Hence, the marker does not seem to aid resolving the phylogeny of Orthoptera, but adds further evidence for the complex evolution of the whole group, especially at the genetic and genomic levels. The results indicate a high demand for more research on patterns and underlying mechanisms of MTR events in Orthoptera.
Strengthening the science–policy interface in the climate migration field
Authors: Hoffmann Roman , Vinke Kira , Šedová Barbora 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe question of how climatic changes and hazards affect human mobility has increasingly gained prominence in public debates over the past decade. Despite improvements in the scientific understanding of the subject and advancements in policy, major gaps remain in addressing the humanitarian and socio‐economic challenges related to climate migration. In this perspectives article, we argue for a holistic approach and a closer integration of science and policy involving diverse stakeholders in the process of knowledge generation and implementation. We identify five key challenges characteristic for improving the science–policy interface: (i) conflictual political contexts and the securitization of human migration, (ii) simplistic narratives and framing of the subject, (iii) the uneven production and dissemination of knowledge, (iv) limited data and analytical capacities and (v) a selective topical and methodological focus. To address these diverse challenges, there is a need for more bridging initiatives at the science–policy interface that integrate diverse disciplines, approaches and stakeholders. A closer engagement of researchers and policymakers in the form of multi‐stakeholder exchanges, capacity‐building activities, co‐development and co‐implementation processes and integrative scientific assessments can help bridge the gap to support the inclusive generation of knowledge and the development of comprehensive policies.
Loneliness, affective disorders, suicidal ideation, and the use of psychoactive substances in a sample of adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cena Loredana , Trainini Alice , Zecca Sara , Bonetti Zappa Sofia , Cunegatti Federica , Buizza Chiara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProblemThe global coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic has been challenging for adolescents. Indeed, with the closure of schools and social centers and reduction of extracurricular activities, increased social isolation has compounded difficulties in and with school performance, loneliness, and social networking. Increased risk of mental health problems, substance abuse, affective disorders, suicidal ideation, and suicide has been reported in adolescents.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study assesses the association between loneliness, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, the use of social networks, and school achievement in a sample of Italian adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study also explores emotional dysregulation through the association between affective disorders (depression and anxiety), substance use, and social networks. The sample comprises adolescents in the first and second grades of high school during the pandemic; participants received an email explaining the purpose of the e‐research. Data were collected using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, and the Loneliness Scale.FindingsA total of 505 adolescents completed the web survey. Data revealed that students experienced difficulties with loneliness, problems with school achievement, and extracurricular activities. The mean scores for depression and anxiety were close to the borderline range. A total of 14.3% of adolescents intentionally harmed themselves or attempted suicide.ConclusionsThis study raises concerns about the impacts of the pandemic on adolescents that require the attention of adult reference figures who deal with adolescents, such as parents, teachers, and healthcare professionals. Results indicate the necessity of providing early interventions aimed at the prevention of psychopathologies and the promotion of adolescent mental health due to the pandemic.
Concentration of serum uric acid in patients with Renal Artery Stenosis and Hypertension prEdict Future nephropathy and death: C‐RASHEF study
Authors: Zheng Bin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince both serum uric acid (SUA) and renal artery stenosis (RAS) are associated with atherosclerotic events and renal events, it is interesting to investigate whether SUA could predict long‐term outcome in patients with RAS. Patients were enrolled from inpatients from 2010 to 2014, must be ≥40‐year‐old. There were 3269 hypertensive patients enrolled, including 325 RAS patients. Endpoints included all‐cause death and new or worsening nephropathy (NNP). In analysis for all‐cause mortality, associations between SUA and risk of all‐cause mortality were an arising curve in total population, a U‐shape curve in non‐RAS population, and an arising curve in RAS population. When RAS was involved in multivariate analysis, association between SUA and risk of all‐cause mortality was still an arising curve in total population. In analysis for NNP, associations between SUA and risk of NNP were a declining curve in total population, not significant in non‐RAS population, and a U‐shape curve in RAS population. When RAS was involved in multivariate analysis, association between SUA and risk of NNP in total population was no longer significant. Not only association curve of SUA with mortality in non‐RAS patients is different from association curve in RAS patients, but also association curve of SUA with NNP in non‐RAS patients is different from association curve in RAS patients. The authors conclude that mechanisms of uric acid for mortality and NNP in RAS patients are different from non‐RAS patients. In addition to renal vascular obstruction, uric acid is another significant factor for NNP and death in RAS patients.
Whitening efficacy and tooth sensitivity in a combined in‐office and at‐home whitening protocol: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Takamizawa Toshiki , Aoki Ryota , Saegusa Makoto , Hirokane Eizo , Shoji Mone , Yokoyama Munenori , Kamimoto Atsushi , Miyazaki Masashi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis controlled randomized clinical trial determined the whitening efficacy and the intensity and absolute risk of tooth sensitivity in dual whitening when prefilled at‐home whitening trays were used between in‐office whitening intervals.Materials and MethodsAn in‐office whitening agent containing 35% hydrogen peroxide was used. A prefilled tray with a whitening agent containing 6% hydrogen peroxide was used for at‐home whitening. Sixty‐six subjects were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I: at‐home whitening was performed 10 times between the in‐office whitening treatments. Group II: at‐home whitening was performed five times between the in‐office whitening treatments. Group III: only in‐office whitening was performed. The tooth color changes were evaluated using a spectrophotometer. A visual analog scale was used to express the pain intensity.ResultsAll the groups showed increased ΔE*ab, ΔE00, and ΔWID with increased whitening sessions. Group I at the 3rd whitening session showed significantly higher ΔE*ab, ΔE00, and ΔWID than group III. Tooth sensitivity showed higher values up to 24 h after whitening.ConclusionsAlthough dual whitening with the prefilled tray and in‐office whitening had higher whitening ability than in‐office whitening alone, the intensity and absolute risk of tooth sensitivity was similar.Clinical RelevanceThe dual whitening might produce faster and stronger whitening effects than in‐office whitening alone.
Integration of conventional and digital surgical guide fabrication techniques for the partially edentulous patient: Reducing the number of surgical procedures for a complete arch implant‐supported prosthesis
Authors: Jo Hyunok C. , Williamson Richard A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSurgical procedures on partially edentulous patients for complete arch implant‐supported prostheses involve remaining tooth extraction, alveolar bone reduction, and implant placement. Traditionally, partially edentulous patients undergo multiple surgeries, which extends the healing time and results in an extensively prolonged total treatment timeline. This technical article focuses on the fabrication of a more stable and predictive surgical guide to perform multiple surgical procedures in a single surgical appointment and planning a complete arch implant‐supported prosthesis for the partially edentulous patient.
Screw‐retained internal connection zirconia CAD–CAM abutments in single implant reconstructions: Results of a 1‐year prospective case series study
Authors: del Castillo Rafael , Gutiérrez‐Garrido Lourdes , Padial‐Molina Miguel , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of single‐tooth implant restorations using one‐piece, internally connected, screw‐retained, computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufactured monolithic zirconia restorations fabricated on regular diameter implants.Material and methodsFollowing a 2‐stage surgical procedure, 22 implants placed in anterior and posterior areas in 21 partially edentulous patients (mean age of 55 years; 9 males/12 females) were evaluated in terms of plaque index, pocket probing depth, bleeding on probing, level of oral hygiene (OH), signs of mucositis/peri‐implantitis, esthetic score (ES), gingival zenith position (GZP), papilla index score, the thickness of peri‐implant gingiva, radiographic marginal bone loss, and technical complications. Implants and restorations were prospectively followed from the insertion of the restoration (baseline), up to 12‐months post‐loading.ResultsA 100% implant survival rate resulted after loading; one implant was lost before loading. Clinically, patients performed an adequate OH, and tissues were kept healthy. Probing depth showed a slightly lower value at baseline compared to any follow‐up examination (2.26 [0.94] at baseline vs. 2.53 [0.66] mm at 12 months). ES, GZP, and the thickness of the peri‐implant gingiva improved throughout the course of the study. Radiographically, average marginal bone level (MBL) was 0.40 (0.40) mm after 1‐year follow‐up with no differences in average MBL at all time points. Technically, after 1 year of clinical function, neither abutment fracture nor any other serious complications occurred. Hence, prosthetic reconstruction survival rate was 100%.ConclusionsClinical outcomes of single‐tooth implant restorations using internally connected, screw‐retained, computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing monolithic zirconia abutments can be considered a reliable treatment alternative after 1‐year clinical observation.
The ripple effects of large‐scale transport infrastructure investment
Authors: Persyn Damiaan , Barbero Javier , Díaz‐Lanchas Jorge , Lecca Patrizio , Mandras Giovanni , Salotti Simone 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe analyze the general equilibrium effects of an asymmetric decrease in transport costs, combining a large‐scale spatial dynamic general equilibrium model for 267 European NUTS‐2 regions with a detailed transport model at the level of individual road segments. As a case study, we consider the impact of the road infrastructure investments in Central and Eastern Europe of the European Cohesion Policy. Our analysis suggests that the decrease in transportation costs benefits the targeted regions via substantial increases in gross domestic product (GDP) and welfare compared to the baseline, and a small increase in population. The geographic information embedded in the transport model leads to relatively large predicted benefits in peripheral countries such as Greece and Finland, which hardly receive funds, but whose trade links cross Central and Eastern Europe, generating profit from the investments there. The richer, Western European nontargeted regions also enjoy a higher GDP after the investment in the East, but these effects are smaller. Thus, the policy reduces interregional disparities. There are rippled patterns in the predicted policy spillovers. In nontargeted countries, regions trading more intensely with regions where the investment is taking place on average benefit more compared to other regions within the same country, but also compared to neighboring regions across an international border. We uncover that regions importing goods from Central and Eastern Europe enjoy the largest spillovers. These regions become more competitive and expand exports, to the detriment of other regions in the same country.
Development of a consumer‐led emotion lexicon for meat and plant‐based burger patties using digitally recreated eating contexts
Authors: Orr Rebekah E. , Giezenaar Caroline , Godfrey A. Jonathan R. , Hort Joanne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe decision to consume novel foods such as plant‐based meat alternatives is often determined by emotional response. Generic food emotion lexicons are available for measuring emotional response, however, such lexicons may not capture the nuanced emotions associated with novel products. Here, an emotion lexicon specific to meat and plant‐based burger patties was developed. Discussion groups, where participants were digitally immersed in two typical burger eating environments, were used to generate relevant emotion terms toward different patties. A range of consumers contributed to the lexicon including users and nonusers of meat alternatives, two age groups, and three dietary groups. Subsequently, an on‐line sorting task followed by hierarchical clustering was used to reduce the size of the lexicon. The final lexicon contained 24 emotion categories. The lexicon shared terms with generic lexicons but notably contained other emotions associated with food neophobia, uncertainty, and deception.Practical ApplicationsThe results of this study provide an emotion lexicon specific to burger patties of meat and plant‐based origins. Currently no emotion lexicon has been developed for plant‐based patties, or plant‐based meat alternatives in general. It provides an important tool for further research concerning links between sensory and emotional drivers of plant‐based patty consumption across different types of patty consumers and has potential to be adopted for a wider product set.
High‐definition transcranial direct current stimulation over right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex differentially modulates inhibitory mechanisms for speech vs. limb movement
Authors: Johari Karim , Berger Joel I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEvidence suggests that planning and execution of speech and limb movement are subserved by common neural substrates. However, less is known about whether they are supported by a common inhibitory mechanism. P3 event‐related potentials (ERPs) is a neural signature of motor inhibition, which are found to be generated by several brain regions including the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC). However, the relative contribution of rDLPFC to the P3 response associated with speech versus limb inhibition remains elusive. We investigated the contribution of rDLPFC to the P3 underlying speech versus limb movement inhibition. Twenty‐one neurotypical adults received both cathodal and sham high‐definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD‐tDCS) over rDLPFC. ERPs were subsequently recorded while subjects were performing speech and limb Go/No‐Go tasks. Cathodal HD‐tDCS decreased accuracy for speech versus limb No‐Go. Both speech and limb No‐Go elicited a similar topographical distribution of P3, with significantly larger amplitudes for speech versus limb at a frontocentral location following cathodal HD‐tDCS. Moreover, results showed stronger activation in cingulate cortex and rDLPFC for speech versus limb No‐Go following cathodal HD‐tDCS. These results indicate (1) P3 is an ERP marker of amodal inhibitory mechanisms that support both speech and limb inhibition, (2) larger P3 for speech versus limb No‐Go following cathodal HD‐tDCS may reflect the recruitment of additional neural resources—particularly within rDLPFC and cingulate cortex—as compensatory mechanisms to counteract the temporary stimulation‐induced decline in speech inhibitory process. These findings have translational implications for neurological conditions that concurrently affect speech and limb movement.
Oral health issues of early baby boomers
Authors: Jones Judith A. , Moss Kevin , Weintraub Jane A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to detail the oral health status of early baby boomers and how it is affected by the cultural influences after World War II.MethodsNational data on clinically and self‐assessed oral conditions from the 2021 NIDCR Oral Health in America Report, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2014), Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Cancer Institute (2018), the Indian Health Service (2022), and the Health and Retirement Study (2018) were tabulated and compared (where available) to similar data for older and younger cohorts.ResultsData analyses show that there is more tooth retention overall. There are higher levels of tooth loss, unrestored caries, and periodontitis among Black, American Indian, Alaskan Native, and Hispanic baby boomers, and the poor. Smokers had higher rates of periodontitis.ConclusionA life course approach to oral health care is warranted. Only by regular access and preventive care throughout life can avoidable, unnecessary, overly complex, and invasive procedures be prevented.