bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of a bond law for sand-coated BFRP
Authors: Hofmann Sebastian , Krieger Larissa , Bujotzek Lukas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Within the scope of this paper, the bond behaviour of reinforcement made of basalt fibre reinforced polymers (BFRP) with a helically wrapped and sand coated surface is investigated in an experimental test program to evaluate the bond stress - slip relationship. Due to the strongly varying surface condition and material properties, the bond behaviour is expected to be very different compared to the conventional ribbed steel reinforcement. Therefore, the standard vertical pull-out test specimen will be adjusted according to the described bond length.
Based on the obtained experimental results, a bond law for the non-linear increasing branch of the bond stress - slip relationship will be formulated and calibrated for the investigated reinforcement type. The goal of this research program is to use this precise bond law to adjust the analytical model for the calculation of crack spacing and crack width. This adjustment can be made by merging the bond law with the analytical model of bond and slip to obtain a more reliable crack width design for reinforcement types with varying bond properties.
ASPECTOS LEGAIS PARA FUNCIONAMENTO DE EMPRESAS REMOTAS “STARTUPS”
Authors: Alvarenga Samia , Fernandes Leidiane 
Published: March 2023

O presente trabalho busca explorar o processo e as ações necessárias para a abertura e o gerenciamento de empresas disruptivas, com viés tecnológico: startups. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório e qualitativo, utilizando como técnica de coleta de dados entrevistas estruturadas com empreendedores de startups, à nível nacional. Os resultados apontam que os “startupeiros”, linguagem comumente utilizada nessa área desperdiçam bastante energia na fase de regularização do negócio, e que isso poderia ser facilitado, mais que isso, modernizado. Ademais, verificou-se que as startups entrevistadas, com todo seu viés inovador e de diferenciação em relação às empresas tradicionais, apesar de buscarem metodologias de gestões ágeis e focadas à sua natureza, ainda se submetem às regras burocráticas estatais e esquema de gestão tradicionais. Não fosse suficiente, notou-se, ainda, que startups se deparam com problemas do tipo dificuldade de validação do modelo, por travas regulatórias, manutenção da legalidade da empresa, na captação de recursos financeiros, aquisição de espaços físicos e toda a burocracia dos órgãos públicos na fase inicial de suas atividades.
Meropenem for the Pharmacological Treatment of Severe Infections in Critically Ill
Pediatric Patients: Breakthrough Standard Treatment Strategies Based on PK/PD
Authors: He Xin , Liu Xiaoyan , Gong Xiaodan , Wang Li , Chen Feng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Meropenem, as a carbapenem antibiotic, is commonly used in critically ill pediatric patients with severe
infection because of its broad antimicrobial spectrum, high penetration into tissues, and favorable safety profile. Due
to pathophysiological changes in critically ill children, the available evidence has demonstrated that the standard
dosage regimens of meropenem could not meet an appropriate pharmacodynamic (PD) target attainment in severely
infected children. Therefore, we reviewed the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of meropenem in critically ill children,
therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), and dose optimization based on PK/PD. Meropenem kills bacteria in a timedependent
manner and its efficacy is positively correlated with the percentage of the time of dosing interval during
which the free serum concentration of meropenem remains above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the
pathogen (%fT>MIC), which is related to PK/PD targets. For critically ill children, TDM-based dosage optimization
and setting even higher PK/PD targets seem necessary to be considered. The currently available studies have
revealed that increasing the dose and the application of the extended or continuous infusion of meropenem were able
to achieve better PK/PD targets. According to limited clinical data on efficacy and safety, these treatment measures
cannot yet be adopted as routine regimens only when serious infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria or strains
with high values of MIC are suspected. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational
studies with sufficient sample sizes are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of these modes of administration.
Metal Free Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]-
Pyrazine Based on a Cascade Strategy
Authors: Sanaboina Chakrapani , Mandal Samir Kumar , Jana Samaresh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
A simple and efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine using Schiff base formation, intramolecular
cyclization (or N-alkylation), and Pictet–Spengler type reaction (hetero-aromatisation)
has been developed. In this chemistry, metal-free, cost and time-effective processes have been highlighted
to afford the complex nitrogenous scaffold using simple starting materials.
Improvement of Health and Morphofunctional Status of Law Enforcement
Officers of Older Age Groups during the Organized Motor Activities
Authors: Lutskyi Oleksandr , Okhrimenko Ivan , Halych Maryna , Lytvyn Viktoriia , Kudermina Olena , Hrebeniuk Maksym , Bloshchynskyi Ihor 
Published: March 2023

Background:
With age, there is a tendency for the health of law enforcement officers to
deteriorate. This especially applies to instructor officers, whose professional activity is characterized
by a significant decrease in the volume of motor activity, overloading of the intellectual
sphere, and high neuro-emotional stress.

Objective:
The aim of the research is to investigate the influence of recreational and healthpromoting
training sessions with physical exercise on the health, physical development, and functional
status of instructor officers of older age groups.

Methods:
62 instructor officers (aged 40-45) of various academic disciplines took part in the research.
The instructors of the experimental group (EG, n = 30) were engaged in physical exercises
in accordance with the authors’ program of recreational and health-promoting training sessions; the
instructors of the control group (CG, n = 32) attended the training sessions according to the existing
physical training program.

Results:
It was found that at the end of the experiment, the studied indicators of the EG instructor
officers were significantly better than those of the CG ones, according to the indicators of body
weight, Quetelet index, the vital capacity of lungs, vital index, strength index, heart rate, arterial
blood pressure, Robinson index, and level of physical health.

Conclusion:
It was established that systematic recreational and health-promoting training sessions
have a positive effect on the health level of the instructor officers of older age groups. This will allow
them to carry out instructional activities at a high professional level and ensure resistance to
adverse factors of professional activities.
Preclinical Evidence-based Neuroprotective Potential of Silibinin
Authors: Singh Niraj Kumar , Bhushan Bharat 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Neurodegeneration is an elucidating feature of many neuronal disorders including Alzheimer’s,
disease, Parkinson’s disease, and cerebral ischemia. These neurodegenerative disorders
are a major public health concern with high mortality and morbidity rates around the world. Presently,
researchers have concentrated their efforts on determining the neuroprotective activity of
natural products for the management of neurological manifestation associated with neurodegeneration
or aging. Silibinin, an active component of the plant Silybum marianum (family: Asteraceae)
was used for the treatment of liver diseases from ancient times. Recently several preclinical studies
provide supportive evidence for the neuroprotective activity of silibinin in experimental animals.
Besides its antioxidant effect, silibinin exhibits neuroprotective activities by altering several
cellular and molecular signaling pathways like BDNF, ER/PI3/Akt, NfκB, JNK, IR & IGF-IR,
mTOR, and many more against brain-related neurotoxicity. This review provided a comprehensive
summary of the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, side effects, and pharmacological effects of
silibinin against various neurodegenerative disorders with a prominent cellular and molecular
mechanism. The literature reviews and preclinical studies demonstrated that silibinin could be an
alternate candidate for the management of neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, there is a scope for
further preclinical and clinical research to introduce this phytoconstituent as a therapeutic alternative
candidate.
Influence of Caregiver’s Sign Quality on Successful Interaction with a Deafblind Child
Authors: Knecht Jamie 
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to analyse the quality of the signs offered by one of the communication partners of an individual with CDB and the effect of this quality on their interaction success. The research questions of the study were: ‘What is the quality of the sign input offered by the selected caregiver during communication with this client with CDB?’ and ‘How does this sign quality affect their interaction success? These questions were answered after analysing four videos of the communication between a client with CDB and her caregiver in ELAN with a newly developed codebook. The codebook was developed to assess phonological and semantic errors, discrepancies between spoken and signed utterances, and the success of the interaction between de communication partners. It was found that even though the caregiver made some phonological and semantical errors and even though there were some discrepancies in her communication, this did not strongly affect the interaction success. It was also found that the discrepancies had a more negative influence on the interaction success than the phonological and semantic errors.
General Practitioner Use of e-Consultation to Consult Hospital Specialists: Interview Study to Obtain Physician’s Perceptions About Digital Interprofessional Communication
Authors: Peeters Ken , Giroldi Esther , Veldhuizen Lotte , Abdelaziz Kahin , Muris Dennis , Cals Jochen 
Published: March 2023

Background
In recent years, tasks have shifted from specialized hospital care to primary care, leading to both advantages and challenges for general practitioners (GPs). A frequently mentioned tool to face these challenges is e-consultation, a form of asynchronous digital interprofessional communication between GPs and hospital specialists.

Objective
The objective of this study was to gain insight into GPs’ and hospital specialists’ views and experiences of e-consultation.

Methods
We interviewed 47% (15/32) GPs and 53% (17/32) hospital specialists and performed a thematic analysis.

Results
We found that both GPs and hospital specialists experience a positive effect on the quality of care and collaboration between GPs and hospital specialists. Positive effects were reported on the accessibility of care, efficiency of care, and relationship between the GP and the patient. Furthermore, communication between GP and hospital specialist became more efficient, and e-consultation offered educational value for the GP. Certain improvements are needed to further optimize e-consultation, regarding applicability, communication, and training purposes.

Conclusions
In the future, clinicians and policy makers can use the insights gained from this study to further optimize and implement e-consultation in clinical practice.
Use of Rapid Antigen Tests to End Isolation in a University Setting: Observational Study
Authors: Zigo Liliana , Wilkinson Alyson , Landry Megan , Castel Amanda D , Vyas Amita , McDonnell Karen , Nagaraj Nitasha Chaudhary , Goldman Lynn R 
Published: March 2023

Background
COVID-19 isolation recommendations have evolved over the course of the pandemic. Initially, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention required 10 days of isolation after a positive test result. In December 2021, this was reduced to a minimum of 5 days with symptom improvement, followed by 5 days of mask wearing. As a result, several institutions of higher education, including the George Washington University, required persons testing positive for COVID-19 to either submit a negative rapid antigen test (RAT) with symptom resolution to leave isolation after 5 days or to maintain a 10-day isolation period in the absence of a negative RAT and the presence of continued symptoms. RATs are tools that can be used both to shorten isolation periods and to ensure that persons testing positive for COVID-19 remain in isolation if infectious.

Objective
The purpose of this analysis is to report on the experience of implementing RAT policies, examine the number of days that isolation was reduced via RAT testing, determine the factors that predicted uploading a RAT, and determine RAT positivity percentages to illustrate the utility of using RATs to end isolation.

Methods
In this study, 880 individuals in COVID-19 isolation at a university in Washington, DC, uploaded 887 RATs between February 21 and April 14, 2022. Daily positivity percentages were calculated, and multiple logistic regression analyses examined the odds of uploading a RAT by campus residential living status (ie, on or off campus), student or employee designation, age, and days in isolation.

Results
A total of 76% (669/880) of individuals in isolation uploaded a RAT during the study period. Overall, 38.6% (342/887) of uploaded RATs were positive. Uploaded RATs were positive 45.6% (118/259) of the time on day 5; 45.4% (55/121) on day 6; 47.1% (99/210) on day 7; and 11.1% (7/63) on day 10 or beyond. Adjusted logistic regression modeling indicated cases living on campus had increased odds of uploading a RAT (odds ratio [OR] 2.54, 95% CI 1.64-3.92), whereas primary student affiliation (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12-0.69) and days in isolation (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.39-0.52) had decreased odds of uploading a RAT. Of the 545 cases with a negative RAT, 477 were cleared prior to day 10 of their isolation due to lack of symptoms and timely submission, resulting in a total of 1547 days of lost productivity saved compared to all being in isolation for 10 days.

Conclusions
RATs are beneficial, as they can support a decision to release individuals from isolation when they have recovered and maintain isolation for people who may still be infectious. Future isolation policies should be guided by similar protocols and research to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and minimize lost productivity and disruption to individuals’ lives.
Duration of Protection From Pneumonia After Pneumococcal Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients (DOPPIO): Protocol for a Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Mellinghoff Sibylle , von Gersdorff Gero , Bruns Caroline , Albus Kerstin , Dimitriou Vassiliki , Steinbach Angela , Schaller Mathias , Vehreschild Jörg Janne , Cornely Oliver A , Liss Blasius Janusch 
Published: March 2023

Background
Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease treated with dialysis. Current vaccination schedules recommend pneumococcal vaccination. However, this schedule disregards findings of rapid titer decline in adult hemodialysis patients after 12 months.

Objective
The primary objective is to compare pneumonia rates between recently vaccinated patients and patients vaccinated more than 2 years ago. As an exploratory objective, antipneumococcal antibody titers in hemodialysis patients will be determined as a function. Factors influencing antibody kinetics will be identified.

Methods
Within this prospective multicenter study, we aim to compare 2 strata of vaccinated patients: those recently vaccinated and those vaccinated more than 2 years ago. A total of 792 patients will be enrolled. Twelve partner sites (within the German Centre for Infection Research [DZIF]) with allocated dialysis practices participate in this study. All dialysis patients who are vaccinated against pneumococcal infection in accordance with Robert Koch Institute guidelines prior to enrollment will be eligible. Data on baseline demographics, vaccination history, and underlying disease will be assessed. Pneumococcal antibody titers will be determined at baseline and every 3 months for 2 years. DZIF clinical trial units coordinate titer assessment schedules and actively follow-up on study patients for 2-5 years after enrollment, including validation of end points of hospitalization, pneumonia, and death.

Results
The study has enrolled 792 patients and the last follow-up has been completed. Currently, the statistical and laboratory analyses are ongoing.

Conclusions
Results will increase physician adherence to current recommendations. Establishing a framework for the efficient evaluation of guideline recommendations through a combination of routine and study data will inform the evidence base for future guidelines.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03350425; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03350425

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/45712
Análisis del decrecimiento de los derrames de los ríos Limay y Chubut
Authors: Poblete, Arnobio Germán , Albeiro Castro María Agustina 
Published: March 2023

Teniendo en cuenta los reportes emitidos por los modelos de pronósticos de largo plazo de los grandes centros internacionales sobre la región del Comahue y Patagonia, que coinciden en proyectar para el período 2080–2100 una importante disminución de las precipitaciones invernales en la misma, en este trabajo se verifica si el comportamiento actual de sus principales ríos es compatible con dichos pronósticos.
Sin embargo, una de las mayores dificultades que presenta el estudio del cambio climático en dichas regiones, es la escasez de series climatológicas e hidrológicas lo suficientemente largas en el período instrumental como para aplicarles test estadísticos de detección de tendencias y saltos en la media.
Siendo el río Limay el más representativo de la primera región y el Chubut de la segunda, dado que cuentan con mediciones regulares de caudales incompletas y/o con datos faltantes, se los seleccionó para extender y optimizar sus series temporales obteniendo valores estimados de periodos anteriores/posteriores desde el inicio de sus respectivas mediciones y así hacer posible la detección aludida, entre otros propósitos.
La reconstrucción de los datos de los derrames anuales (volumen de agua aportado en una temporada) de dichos ríos se realizó mediante modelos estadísticos empíricos no lineales. Se logró uno que muestra una muy buena performance estadística y retrotrae las estimaciones del derrame de sendos ríos.
Se dispone, en la actualidad, para el río Limay de una serie medida de 115 años, mientras que el Chubut, tiene una incompleta. De ahí que se hará uso de las mediciones del primero para reconstruirlo. A su vez, a éste último, se lo emplea para actualizar la serie del primero desde 2011 hasta 2017.
Una vez lograda la reconstrucción de sus series, resultó viable un análisis de tendencia y detección de cambios abruptos con el objeto de describir estadísticamente la estructura del decrecimiento de sus derrames que se verifica hasta el presente.
Relato de Experiencia: La democracia como contenido escolar. Alcances, perspectivas y problemas para la práctica docente
Authors: Baez Fabián , Belforte Dante 
Published: March 2023

En el marco de la investigación radicada en la Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral – Unidad Académica Río Turbio (en adelante UNPA-UART), nos proponemos indagar a partir de reflexiones personales enmarcadas en posibles relatos y vivencias profesionales, acerca de cómo desde la formación docente se favorece que los futuros docentes se apropien de herramientas, no solo conceptuales, sino también a nivel de estrategias para la reflexión con otros, en la construcción de los conocimientos de las Ciencias Sociales.
En particular, desde la cátedra de Formación Ética y Ciudadana del Profesorado para la Educación Primaria e Inicial de la UNPA-UART, buscamos estudiar los procesos de construcción y significación de los contenidos escolares, que encierran en su seno aspectos intrínsecos de socialización social, siendo conveniente el abordaje de democracia como contenido escolar para entender la experiencia de las alumnas del profesorado de ambas carreras en relación a su tratamiento.
Como objetivo primordial pretendemos indagar y pensar de qué manera los contenidos curriculares que, en su comprensión, incluye una serie de aspectos abstractos concernientes a interpretar significados relacionados a la democracia. Esta propuesta de investigación es también interpretar su actualización disciplinar para el proceso de su enseñanza y por lo tanto, sirvió de guía para un trabajo de campo con alumnas de ambos profesorados, centrado esencialmente en la pregunta qué y cómo abordar democracia como contenido escolar.
Régimen académico y acompañamiento al estudiantado en escuelas secundarias de Zona Norte de la Provincia de Santa Cruz
Authors: Almada María Laura 
Published: March 2023

Uno de los ejes vertebradores de la Ley de Educación Nacional (LEN) N° 26. 206/2006 es el logro de mayor igualdad en todo el sistema educativo. Para ello, la obligatoriedad aparece como la principal novedad en las políticas sobre el nivel secundario (Gorostiaga, 2012) y un conjunto de políticas que acompañan ese proceso.
A partir de la LEN, cada provincia estableció los lineamientos políticos que consideraba más específicos para atender al eje de la igualdad. En tal sentido, en la Provincia de Santa Cruz, además de la Ley de Educación Provincial N° 3305, se estableció en el año 2014, una nueva organización pedagógica, establecida en el régimen académico de educación secundaria (Acdo. 075/14 Consejo Provincial de Educación (CPE). El concepto de “régimen académico” como lo plantean Baquero et al. (2009) es una construcción que sistematiza aspectos significativos de la experiencia escolar que deben seguir los miembros de las escuelas secundarias. Partimos de la consideración de Camilloni (1991), que entiende al régimen académico como el conjunto de regulaciones sobre la organización de las actividades de los/las estudiantes y sobre las exigencias a las que estos deben responder.
En el estudio que aquí presentamos, interesa describir las dinámicas de puesta en acto (Ball, Maguire & Braun, 2012) del régimen académico a nivel de las escuelas. Sostenemos que las políticas pueden ser incorporadas en las instituciones sin generar cambios significativos o concretos o pueden llegar a generar cambios en ocasiones no intencionados. Como lo expone Ball (1994), las políticas educativas son interpretadas por cada escuela, lo que lleva a modos de trabajo diferentes, debido a las particularidades de cada contexto.
Consideramos que un factor relevante en la puesta en acto de las políticas educativas es el contexto puesto que, como lo plantean Ball, et al. (2012), se deben considerar las condiciones “objetivas” y la interpretación de éstas de maneras “subjetivas”. Ello porque los recursos, ya sean materiales, estructurales o relacionales, influyen en la interpretación que se realice de las políticas.
El régimen académico, al decir de Baquero et al. (2009), no se trata de un instrumento presente en la tradición escolar sino de un constructo que se ha hecho necesario en virtud de la complejidad del entramado de regulaciones explícitas y tácitas que estructuran la experiencia y afectan la trayectoria escolar.