bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Influencing Factors for the BMI by Bayesian and Frequentist Multiple Linear Regression Models: A Comparative Study
Authors: Vijayaragunathan R. , John Kishore K. , Srinivasan M. R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
In this article, we attempt to demonstrate the superiority of the Bayesian approach over the frequentist approaches of the multiple linear regression model in identifying the influencing factors for the response variable.

Methods and Material:
A survey was conducted among the 310 respondents from the Kathirkamam area in Puducherry. We have considered the response variable, body mass index (BMI), and the predictors such as age, weight, gender, nature of the job, and marital status of individuals were collected with the personal interview method. Jeffreys’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP) software was used to analyze the dataset. In the conventional multiple linear regression model, the single value of regression coefficients is determined, while in the Bayesian linear regression model, the regression coefficient of each predictor follows a specific posterior distribution. Furthermore, it would be most useful to identify the best models from the list of possible models with posterior probability values. An inclusion probability for all the predictors will give a superior idea of whether the predictors are included in the model with probability.

Results and Conclusions:
The Bayesian framework offers a wide range of results for the regression coefficients instead of the single value of regression coefficients in the frequentist test. Such advantages of the Bayesian approach will catapult the quality of investigation outputs by giving more reliability to solutions of scientific problems.
Assessment of Knowledge Gap on Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) among Tobacco Vendors in Puducherry: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Chellamuthu Lalithambigai , Mary J Jenifer Florence , Subhaashini TD 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
Tobacco usage has been identified as a leading preventable cause of mortality and is responsible for six million fatalities per year globally. India had enacted COTPA in 2003. Tobacco vendors are one of the key stakeholders for Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) implementation.

Objective:
To assess the knowledge gap on COTPA and to explore the perceived factors influencing implementation of COTPA among tobacco vendors in Puducherry.

Materials and Methods:
A mixed-method study was conducted among tobacco vendors from Point of Sale (PoS) around 230 educational institutions (schools and degree colleges) in Puducherry for three months. Simple random sampling was applied to select educational institutions and the tobacco vendors from PoS located around these institutions were included. Data capture was done using a pretested, face-validated questionnaire incorporated in Epicollect software 5 and data analysis by SPSSv24. Purposive sampling was employed to conduct in-depth interviews among tobacco vendors till the point of saturation and manual content analysis performed. Written informed consents were sought. Institutional Ethical Committee approval was obtained.

Results:
Majority (95.7%) reported that they were aware of tobacco control legislation, but only one person had heard of COTPA. Awareness about the display of signage boards at PoS was observed in 75.7% vendors. Around 41.7% reported that they should not advertise any kind of tobacco products. Three major themes were identified: facilitators, barriers, and suggested measures for COTPA implementation.

Conclusion:
Tobacco vendors in Puducherry were aware of tobacco control legislations but not familiar with the COTPA and its provisions. It is necessary to put forth efforts to educate these important stakeholders to be more cognizant of COTPA and to effectively include them in anti-tobacco programs.
Presenting Pattern and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Rural versus Urban Substance Dependent Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bansal Priyanka , Saini Bhavneesh , Bansal Pir D. , Bansal Arun , Dhillon Jaskanwar S. , Kaur Vanipreet , Singh Gulmohar , Saini Sumit 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
“Locality” is a significant factor in substance initiation, maintenance, and relapse. The pattern of substance dependence among rural and urban populations varies across studies and is scarcely studied, warranting further research. To compare presenting patterns (sociodemographic and drug-related variables), reasons for substance use, and psychiatric comorbidities (prevalence, type, and severity) between rural and urban substance-dependent groups.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional analytical study in a government de-addiction center, including rural and urban patient groups aged 18–65. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) criteria, and severity of dependence scale were used for diagnosing substance dependence. After detoxification, psychiatric comorbidity was assessed using brief psychiatric rating scale, Young’s mania rating scale, and patient health questionnaire – somatic, anxiety, and depression symptoms scale. Post-analysis was performed to assess socioeconomic variables and access to de-addiction services.

Results:
The final sample was 500 (250 rural and 250 urban). The post-analysis sample size was 386 (211 rural and 175 urban). The mean age was 38.2 ± 12.4 years, mostly males (n = 495, 99%). Substance frequency was opioids (92%)> benzodiazepines (24.8%) > alcohol (22%) > cannabis (1.6%) for rural and opioids (91.2%) > alcohol (29.6%) > benzodiazepines (14.8%) > cannabis (2%) for urban patients. More than half of patients had comorbid nicotine dependence. Rural patients were more benzodiazepine dependent (P = 0.007), and urban were more opioid + alcohol dependent (P = 0.001). Rural patients had higher age (P = 0.012), less education (P < 0.001), positive family history of substance (P = 0.028), daily wagers, and farmers (P < 0.001) than urban patients who were younger, students (P = 0.002), businessmen and government employed (P < 0.001). Urban patients expended more on drugs (P < 0.001), had higher treatment attempts (P = 0.008), and had better availability and accessibility of de-addiction services (P < 0.001). More rural users initiated substances to “enhance performance,” whereas urban ones initiated for “stress relief/novelty” (P < 0.001). For treatment seeking, “External pressure” was a more common reason in urban patients (P < 0.001), who also had more psychiatric comorbidities (P = 0.026).

Conclusion:
Significant pattern differences exist between rural and urban substance dependents, warranting emphasis on locality-specific factors for appropriate intervention.
Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection among Smokeless Tobacco-using Tribal Women in Mysuru, India
Authors: Ravi Kavitha , Kaur Tanvi , Khan Anisa S. , Pope Benjamin , Nguyen Kim Y. , Muralidhar Kiranmayee , Krupp Karl , Hernandez Brenda Y. , Angela Sy , Madhivanan Purnima , Nerurkar Vivek R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is consumed by more than 300 million people worldwide. Studies show high use among Indian indigenous women who are also at high risk for oral cancers. Both human papillomavirus infection (HPV) and SLT have been associated with oral cancer, this study examined the presence of high-risk HPV in oral samples collected from tribal smokeless tobacco users in Mysuru, India. Between June and August 2019, 100 tribal females (50 SLT-users and 50 non-users) from rural Mysuru District, Karnataka, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Following informed consent, demographic data and oral samples were collected and processed using a digene HC2 High-Risk HPV DNA test (Qiagen, USA). On average participants were 45.5 (SD: ±6.6) years. Chronic SLT users were mostly married (73%), Hindu (100%), illiterate (62%), and employed (90%). One woman was positive for high-risk HPV infection. Oral HPV infection was low in this sample and this is consistent with the literature from other low and middle-income countries. SLT use is high in this group so interventions to reduce tobacco use are warranted.
Ageing and Functional Disability: An Unbreakable Bond
Authors: Keshari Priya , Shankar Hari 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the predominant predictors of functional disability in terms of involvement of activity of daily living (ADL) of urban geriatric subjects of Varanasi, India. This community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken on 616 urban geriatric subjects, selected through a multistage sampling procedure. The functional disability of subjects was assessed by using Barthel’s Index of ADL. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were done. Among all sociodemographic variables, age and marital status of subjects were significantly associated with their ADL status. In logistic regression, only age was a significant predictor of ADL involvement. Adjusted odds ratio for functional disability in the age group ≥80 years and 70–79 years were 19.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.5–86.58] and 2.86 (95% CI: 1.91–4.28), respectively. Despite the several influencing factors, ageing and functional ability of geriatric subjects share an unbreakable bond.
Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Short-Term Outcomes of Patients with Acute Poisoning Presenting to an Emergency of a Tertiary Care Center in Western Rajasthan
Authors: George Akhil V. , Sharma Ankur , Rodha Mahaveer S. , Choudhary Bharat , Bohra Gopal K. , Rohila Amit K. , Goel Akhil D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
This research aimed to evaluate the clinico-epidemiological profile and short-term outcomes of patients admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022, in the Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital. Patients of either gender of any age attending the emergency department with acute poisoning were included. These cases were analyzed for their epidemiological profiles, poisoning characteristics, and various clinical variables influencing patient outcomes.

Results:
Out of a total of 236 patients, 190 patients (80.5%) were aged more than 18 years. Comorbidities were present in 32 (13.5%) patients, and psychiatric illness was the most common comorbidity. The intention of poisoning was suicidal in 185 patients (78.4%) and accidental in 51 patients (21.6%). Organophosphate was the most common poisoning seen in 55 patients (23.3%), followed by drug ingestion seen in 44 patients (18.6%). Twenty-eight patients (11.8%) were transferred to the intensive care unit. Nineteen patients (8.1%) required mechanical ventilation. There were ten deaths (4.2%) in the study population. Aluminum phosphide poisoning was associated with the highest mortality rate, followed by organophosphate poisoning.

Conclusions:
This study indicates that most poisoning cases involved young people, mainly males. Organophosphorus poisoning was one of the most common poisonings, followed by the ingestion of drugs in this part of the world. Aluminum phosphide had the highest fatality rate.
Prevalence of Selected Learning Disabilities among Primary Schoolchildren through Primary School Teachers
Authors: Goel Urvashi 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The incidence of dyslexia in Indian primary schoolchildren has been reported to be 2%–18%, dysgraphia 14%, and dyscalculia 5.5%. India is thought to have approximately 90 million people with varying degrees of learning disabilities (LDs) and an average class in school has about five students with LDs. A recent news article in Times of India states that dyslexia is the most common LD with nearly 35 million children suffering from it.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of selected LDs among primary school children through primary school teachers.

Methodology:
Quantitative, exploratory research approach with survey design was used to assess the prevalence of selected LDs among primary schoolchildren through 100 primary school teachers as samples in selected primary schools students of Delhi using sociodemographic datasheet and structured questionnaire tool.

Results:
Evaluation of the questionnaire from 100 teachers identified that 784 (26%) students were at risk of developing LDs among 2934 children. The study shows that out of 784 primary schoolchildren identified at risk, 54.9% were identified having dyslexia, while 23.9% were identified having dysgraphia, and 21.1% were identified having dyscalculia.

Conclusion:
It is concluded that 26% of the primary school students are at risk of developing selected LDs. Teachers whose class students were found to be at risk of developing LDs were asked to see further medical help.
Attitude of Nursing Students toward People Living with Mental Disorder
Authors: Gyaltshen Kinley , Gyeltshen Dawa , Dorji Nima , Kuenzang Kuenzang , Gyeltshen Nguldup 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Stigma held by health-care professionals toward people with mental illness can have serious negative impact on the quality of care provided by them. It is essential to adequately train the nursing students to develop favorable attitudes toward mental illness. In Bhutan, the level of stigma among student nurses remains understudied.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to investigate the attitudes of student nurses toward people with mental illness.

Methods:
It was a cross-sectional survey. A total population sampling technique was used. Two hundred and thirty-six student nurses completed a 40-item Community Attitudes toward Mentally Ill (CAMI) questionnaire to determine whether people with mental illness were viewed as “inferior;” deserving “sympathy;” perceived as a “threat” to the society or “acceptable” in the community. Independent t-tests and the analysis of variance were performed to determine the association of categorical variables with the CAMI.

Results:
Nursing students had favorable attitudes toward people with mental illness. The mean scores for the authoritarian (27.56 ± 3.95), benevolence (39.33 ± 3.71), social restrictiveness (21.51 ± 4.54), and community mental health ideology (37.29 ± 4.85) subscales reflected a positive attitude of student nurses. There was significant difference (F = 4.79, P < 0.01) only in the dimension of authoritarianism when CAMI subscales were compared according to the level (year) of the course.

Conclusion:
The study confirmed positive attitudes of student nurses toward people with mental illness. However, no significant difference in attitudes of student nurses according their level (year) of study underscores the need for revisiting current psychiatric curriculum and calls for further studies in the area.
Exploring internship nursing students' experiences regarding the effect of supervision model implementation on medication safety: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Shahzeydi Amir , Farzi Sedigheh , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Babaei Sima 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Medication safety is one of the main aspects of safe care in the nursing profession, which leads to increasing patient safety and preventing medication errors. Clinical supervision is an integral part of nursing education that leads to the professional and social development of nursing students. This study was designed with the aim of revealing the experiences of nursing internship students from the implementation of the clinical supervision model on medication safety.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This descriptive qualitative study was done in 2022. The participants were selected from nursing internship students (Last year undergraduate) of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Participants in this study were 15 nursing internship students selected using a purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The qualitative content analysis approach was used for data analysis.

RESULTS:
After analyzing the data, four categories, “promotion medication safety competence and knowledge,” “development trust and respect climate,” “outcome of feedback,” and “role of clinical supervisor,” and 10 subcategories were extracted from the participants' experiences.

CONCLUSION:
The implementation of the clinical supervision model led to an increase in the competence of nursing internship students in medication safety. The students believed that this educational method made them follow the principles of medication safety administration. The feedback provided in the clinical supervision sessions made students think about their clinical activities, understand the reason for their mistakes, and use the reliable nursing resources introduced by the supervisor to improve their performance.
Correlation between health status and academic achievement among elementary school students in North Jakarta
Authors: Kurniawan Felicia , Wiraharja Regina Satya , Santi Bryany Titi , Astiarani Yunisa , Kristian Kevin , Amita Angela Shinta Dewi , Bororing Sheela Rima , Wijaya Lorettha , Regina  , Sahusilawane Isadora Gracia , Yue Ricky , Setiawan Andy , Wijaya Ellen 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
High-performing students are essential investments in building the nation's future. In Indonesia, however, the correlation between students' health and academic achievement is rarely examined. This study aimed to evaluate primary school students' health status and its relation to their academic achievement.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A survey was conducted on 1335 students from four primary schools in North Jakarta. Health assessments included nutritional status, hair, skin condition, dental, vision, and ear conditions. Parents filled sociodemographic questionnaire. Mid-exam scores in core subjects determined academic achievement. Data were analyzed using binomial logistic regression to determine the relation of health status with students' academic achievement.

RESULTS:
In the younger group, students who were stunted (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.23, 95% CI: 1.11-4.50), had dental caries (AOR 2.16, 95% CI: 1.15-4.04), hair problems (AOR 2.04, 95% CI: 1.15-3.59), and skin problems (AOR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.01-2.20) were more likely to have a low-performing index. In the older group, students with hair problems tend to have a low-performing index (AOR 3.05, 95% CI: 1.88-5.89). Meanwhile, the students who wore eye glasses were more likely to achieve a high-performing index in the older group (AOR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.50-0.78).

CONCLUSION:
This study shows a significant correlation between students' health status and academic achievement, where students with health problems were more likely to have lower grades compared to their counterparts. Regular health screening and examination are vital to maintaining students' health; therefore, their academic achievement can be increased.
Investigating the predictability of social support and self-esteem on the resilience of students with chronic illness in the family
Authors: Najafi Aref , Ebrahimi Belil Fatemeh 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Since living with a person with a chronic illness in the family can affect the mental state of students, it is necessary to help students by determining and increasing predictors of resilience, followed by increasing their resilience and self-esteem. It protects them from experiencing physical, mental, and educational problems. Aim of this study was determining of predictive level of social support and self-esteem with resilience in students of University of Medical Sciences.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional, descriptive, analytic study was conducted in 2019 on 220 students of University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. The statistical population included 3500 students. Purposeful sampling was performed on students who were studying and had a chronic patient in the family. Demographic, social support, resilience, and self-esteem questionnaires were used to collect data. To analyze the results, the mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation test, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and linear regression test were used.

RESULTS:
Students had a high mean social support, resilience, and self-esteem. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between resilience and social support was 0.411, and also, the correlation between resilience and self-esteem was 0.396. The results showed that self-esteem had a greater positive effect on resilience than perceived social support.

CONCLUSION:
The present study concluded that the variables of social support and self-esteem had a direct relationship with students' resilience. Based on this, steps can be taken to strengthen and improve students' resilience by improving the perceived support and self-esteem of students.
Vitagnus an estrogen-riched herbal remedy used in sexual dysfunction: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zohreh Abbasi , Robabeh Amini , Peiman Alesheikh , Hamid Nabavi Seyed , Zakiyeh Amini 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Sexual dysfunction is a common problem in the postmenopausal period. Vitagnus is a phytoesterogen containing herb, which can bind to estrogen receptors and modulate their function. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of oral vitagnus solution on sexual dysfunction improvement among postmenopausal women in North Khorasan Province, Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was a double-blind clinical trial on 60 retired female teachers who visited the retirement center of North Khorasan Province from December 2019 until January 2021. Sampling was done in a convenience sampling. Allocation of intervention and placebo groups was done randomly by marking as A and B codes, respectively. Eligible married women aged 50–70 years had received 40 drops of vitagnus or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Female Sexual Function Index was filled on the first day, fourth, sixth, and eighth week after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.23 and independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and repeated measure ANOVA were used for analyzing descriptive and inferential data. P < 0.05 was considered as a statistically significant threshold.

RESULTS:
Data from Bonferroni post hoc test indicated that the mean total sexual function did not differ between the two groups before and at the end of the fourth week of intervention, but scores of total sexual function showed a significant difference at the end of the sixth (P = 0/003) and eighth week (P = 0/001) of intervention.

CONCLUSION:
Vitagnus drops, as a simple, cheap, and available herbal supplement, could affect the sexual function of women aged 50–70 and improve it.