bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-vitro and in-vivo wound healing studies of Ag@TiO2NRs/GG hydrogel film for skin tissue regeneration
Authors: Li Ganggang , Tan Xuejing , Zhao Wenwei , Muhamad A’srai Alina Irwana , Razali Mohd Hasmizam 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One million cases of skin wounds, either closed or open wounds, necessitate wound treatments to improve the quality of life. In this study, gellan gum biopolymer (Ag@TiO2NRs/GG) hydrogel film with Ag loaded TiO2 nanorods was fabricated for wound healing dressing. The wound healing performance of Ag@TiO2WR/GG hydrogel was tested in vitro and in vivo to investigate its ability to regenerate skin tissue. FTIR, XRD, and SEM were used to examine the physical and chemical properties of prepared Ag@TiO2NRs/GG hydrogel film, as well as pure Ag and Ag@TiO2NRs. The FTIR spectra revealed the functional groups of Ag, TiO2NRs, GG, and their interactions. The hydrogel film was in an amorphous form, according to XRD analysis, due to the helical structure of GG and the presence of Ag and TiO2NRs in distinct phases. The SEM image shows agglomeration of Ag particles and elongated TiO2 nanorods, indicating that Ag@TiO2NRs were successfully incorporated onto GG hydrogel film. Human skin fibroblast cells (CRL2522) were used to study the in vitro wound healing of Ag@TiO2NRs/GG hydrogel film for cell viability and proliferation. After 72 h, ∼98,022 cells well−1 were counted, indicating that the Ag@TiO2NRs/GG was biocompatible and non-toxic. In vivo wound healing on Sprague Dawley rats revealed 100% wound healing after 14 days of treatment with Ag@TiO2NRs/GG hydrogel film. On a treated skin wound, ultrasound images revealed a thicker epidermis, clear dermis, and subcutis layer, indicating a positive correlation between wound healing and skin tissue regeneration.
Understanding the cause of sea level rise along coastal zone for 2005–2021
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Mu Dapeng , Zhong Min , Zhong Yulong , Yao Yanli 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Understanding the coastal sea level budget (SLB) is essential to revealing the causes of sea level rise and predicting future sea level change. Here we present the coastal SLB based on multiple sets of sea level observations, including satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, and Argo floats over 2005 to 2021. The coastal zone is defined within 500 km from the coast and covered by all Argo products. We find that sea level observations enable a closure for the coastal SLB for 2005-2015. However, since 2016, the coastal SLB shows a substantially larger discrepancy, consistent with the global mean SLB. The coastal SLB is unclosed for 2005-2021, with a mean sea level rise of 4.06 ± 0.27 mm yr−1, a 0.74 ± 0.21 mm yr−1 rate for ocean mass, and a 2.27 ± 0.53 mm yr−1 for the steric component. Systematic Argo buoy salinity drift after 2016 is the main cause for the non-closure of coastal SLB over 2005-2021. Ignoring the suddenly unrealistic coastal salinity trends, the global coastal SLB from 2005 to 2021 is closed with a residual trend of 0.46 ± 0.63 mm yr−1. Our results confirm that the coastal 500 km range does not need to be deliberately masked and ignored in global SLB research.
The burden of Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990–2019
Authors: Safiri Saeid , Noori Maryam , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Mousavi Seyed Ehsan , Sullman Mark J M , Araj-Khodaei Mostafa , Collins Gary S , Kolahi Ali-Asghar , Gharagozli Kurosh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and this progressive neurological disorder is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. We aimed to report the burden of AD and other types of dementia in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, by age, sex and sociodemographic index (SDI), for the period 1990–2019.Methodspublicly accessible data on the prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) because of AD, and other types of dementia, were retrieved from the global burden of disease 2019 project for all MENA countries from 1990 to 2019.Resultsin 2019, the age-standardised point prevalence of dementia was 777.6 per 100,000 populations in MENA, which was 3.0% higher than in 1990. The age-standardised death and DALY rates of dementia were 25.5 and 387.0 per 100,000, respectively. In 2019, the highest DALY rate was observed in Afghanistan and the lowest rate was in Egypt. That same year, the age-standardised point prevalence, death and DALY rates increased with advancing age and were higher for females of all age groups. From 1990 to 2019, the DALY rate of dementia decreased with increasing SDI up to 0.4, then slightly increased up to an SDI of 0.75, followed by a decrease for the remaining SDI levels.Conclusionsthe point prevalence of AD and other types of dementia has increased over the past three decades, and in 2019, the corresponding regional burden was higher than the global average.
Comparison of hospitalization costs for the same adverse reaction associated with different medications
Authors: Alabbas Sama A , Jiang Rong , Au Anthony , Vu Michelle , Moore Von R , Cunningham Francesca E , Stroupe Kevin , Bounthavong Mark , Glassman Peter A , Good Chester B , Salone Cedric , Aspinall Sherrie L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Costs of hospitalization due to severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were previously estimated within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), but additional analyses are needed to infer potential interventions to mitigate these negative outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare specific adverse reaction–related hospitalization costs between medications with similar indications.

Methods
Mean hospitalization costs associated with the same ADR symptom were compared for different drugs with similar indications using adjusted generalized linear models with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons as well as a gamma distribution.

Results
Overall, hospitalization costs between medications with similar indications were not significantly different for specific adverse reactions. However, gastrointestinal hemorrhage–associated costs were higher for warfarin versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (model estimate of mean cost, $18,114 [range of lower and upper model estimates, $12,522-$26,202] vs $14,255 [estimate range, $9,710-$20,929]). Similarly, the estimated mean hospitalization cost associated with angioedema was higher for losartan versus lisinopril or lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide: $14,591 (range, $9467-$22,488) versus $8,935 (range, $6,301-$12,669) and $8,022 (range, $5,424-$11,865), respectively.

Conclusion
Although we found few differences in the cost of hospitalization when comparing drugs with similar indications and the same adverse reaction, there were specific drug-ADR pairs that merit attention and consideration of interventions to improve safe and appropriate medication use. Evaluation of the effect of those interventions on the incidence of ADRs is an area for future study.
Climate change-related growth improvements in a wide niche-breadth tree species across contrasting environments
Authors: Fajardo Alex , Gazol Antonio , Meynard Paulo Moreno , Mayr Christoph , Martínez Pastur Guillermo J , Peri Pablo L , Camarero J Julio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
The vulnerability and responsiveness of forests to drought are immensely variable across biomes. Intraspecific tree responses to drought in species with wide niche breadths that grow across contrasting climatically environments might provide key information regarding forest resistance and changes in species distribution under climate change. Using a species with an exceptionally wide niche breath, we tested the hypothesis that tree populations thriving in dry environments are more resistant to drought than those growing in moist locations.

Methods
We determined temporal trends in tree radial growth of 12 tree populations of Nothofagus antarctica (Nothofagaceae) located across a sharp precipitation gradient (annual precipitation of 500–2000 mm) in Chile and Argentina. Using dendrochronological methods, we fitted generalized additive mixed-effect models to predict the annual basal area increment as a function of year and dryness (De Martonne aridity index). We also measured carbon and oxygen isotope signals (and estimated intrinsic water-use efficiency) to provide potential physiological causes for tree growth responses to drought.

Key Results
We found unexpected improvements in growth during 1980–1998 in moist sites, while growth responses in dry sites were mixed. All populations, independent of site moisture, showed an increase in their intrinsic water-use efficiency in recent decades, a tendency that seemed to be explained by an increase in the photosynthetic rate instead of drought-induced stomatal closure, given that δ18O did not change with time.

Conclusions
The absence of drought-induced negative effects on tree growth in a tree species with a wide niche breadth is promising because it might relate to the causal mechanisms tree species possess to face ongoing drought events. We suggest that the drought resistance of N. antarctica might be attributable to its low stature and relatively low growth rate.
ProsmORF-pred: a machine learning-based method for the identification of small ORFs in prokaryotic genomes
Authors: Khanduja Akshay , Kumar Manish , Mohanty Debasisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Small open reading frames (smORFs) encoding proteins less than 100 amino acids (aa) are known to be important regulators of key cellular processes. However, their computational identification remains a challenge. Based on a comprehensive analysis of known prokaryotic small ORFs, we have developed the ProsmORF-pred resource which uses a machine learning (ML)-based method for prediction of smORFs in the prokaryotic genome sequences. ProsmORF-pred consists of two ML models, one for initiation site recognition in nucleic acid sequences upstream of putative start codons and the other uses translated amino acid sequences to decipher functional protein like sequences. The nucleotide sequence-based initiation site recognition model has been trained using longer ORFs (&gt;100 aa) in the same genome while the ML model for identification of protein like sequences has been trained using annotated smORFs from Escherichia coli. Comprehensive benchmarking of ProsmORF-pred reveals that its performance is comparable to other state-of-the-art approaches on the annotated smORF set derived from 32 prokaryotic genomes. Its performance is distinctly superior to other tools like PRODIGAL and RANSEPS for prediction of newly identified smORFs which have a length range of 10–30 aa, where prediction of smORFs has been a major challenge. Apart from identification of smORFs in genomic sequences, ProsmORF-pred can also aid in functional annotation of the predicted smORFs based on sequence similarity and genomic neighbourhood similarity searches in ProsmORFDB, a well-curated database of known smORFs. ProsmORF-pred along with its backend database ProsmORFDB is available as a user-friendly web server (http://www.nii.ac.in/prosmorfpred.html).
Desperation on the Battlefield, the Ethnic Security Dilemma, or Economic Competition? Mass Shootings in Chicago’s Gang Wars, 2010–20
Authors: Burke Patrick J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study examine the logic of gang-related mass shootings in Chicago between 2010 and 2020. I argue that gangs utilize mass shootings to win market share when demand for illegal drugs spikes. I also test two established theories of indiscriminate violence: ‘desperation on the battlefield’ and the ‘ethnic security dilemma’. To do so I construct an original dataset mainly using Freedom of Information Act responses. Using opioid overdose data to proxy for demand in drug markets, I find support for my theory in a series of linear fixed effects models. The ‘ethnic security dilemma’ also finds support. However, the two variables meant to proxy for ‘desperation’, search warrants and arrests of gang members for shootings, reduce gang-related mass shootings—the opposite of the predicted outcome. I conclude by discussing contributions to the existing literature, limitations and pathways for future research.
Assessment of the impact of a 10-MW grid-tied solar system on the Libyan grid in terms of the power-protection system stability
Authors: Alasali Feras , Saidi Abdelaziz Salah , El-Naily Naser , Alsmadi Othman , Khaleel Mohamed , Ghirani Ibrahim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The energy market in Libya is expected to face substantial changes in the next few years: electrical energy consumption will increase by 50% within the next 4 years. Therefore, there is a plan to gradually increase renewable energy sources in the power network by 2030 to 30%. Solar photovoltaic (PV) plants will play a significant role in the energy transition and the mix of energy sources in Libya. This article is a study conducted to investigate the challenges of power-flow management and power protection from integrating PV power plants into the Libyan power grid. In particular, a simulation model is built for the Kufra PV power plant (10 MW) with eight buses to assess the power network performance in terms of power quality such as voltage profile, power losses and harmonics. Furthermore, the impact of the PV plant on the short-circuit level and the power-protection system is presented under different operating conditions. The fault ride-through (FRT) is operated using standard ambient temperature and a wide range of irradiation intensity, and is verified by using the Libyan grid code. The results show that the integration of the PV plant into the grid has a significant impact on the short-circuit level and the FRT over the different fault levels and locations on the network. The initial period of the three-phase fault shows that the PV plant will be disconnected from the grid due to a decrease in the root mean square value voltages where the reactive and active power of the grid reach 938 MVAR and 261 MW, respectively. These results show that increasing the fault level will lead to an increase in injecting the active power. This work is considered the first extensive investigation into the challenges of modern power-flow management and power protection for the power network system in Libya.
Does aerobic scope influence geographical distribution of teleost fishes?
Authors: Nati Julie J H , Halsey Lewis G , Johnson Paul C D , Lindström Jan , Killen Shaun S 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany abiotic and biotic factors are known to shape species' distributions, but we lack understanding of how innate physiological traits, such as aerobic scope (AS), may influence the latitudinal range of species. Based on theoretical assumptions, a positive link between AS and distribution range has been proposed, but there has been no broad comparative study across species to test this hypothesis. We collected metabolic rate data from the literature and performed a phylogenetically informed analysis to investigate the influence of AS on the current geographical distributions of 111 teleost fish species. Contrary to expectations, we found a negative relationship between absolute latitude range and thermal peak AS in temperate fishes. We found no evidence for an association between thermal range of AS and the range of latitudes occupied for 32 species. Our main results therefore contradict the prevailing theory of a positive link between AS and distribution range in fish.
The Lexicographer’s Dream Audience: Dictionary Use among English Majors at a Slovenian University
Authors: Vrbinc Marjeta , Vrbinc Alenka , Farina Donna M T Cr 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Interviews with undergraduate students from the University of Ljubljana, who are majoring in English and can be considered language specialists, investigated habits of dictionary use, look-up abilities, and perceptions of the utility and quality of definitions and illustrative examples. This contrasts with a parallel study (Farina et al. 2019) with undergraduates majoring in business and economics. Like the parallel study, this study was based on fourteen questions and nine contexts containing a clearly-marked common word used in an infrequent sense; participants had to locate the sense in a dictionary that, at the time of the studies, was the online Merriam–Webster Learner’s Dictionary, rebranded today as The Britannica Dictionary. Participants were asked to think aloud as they looked up words. Among other results, the study revealed that its participants, while they were linguistically-educated and experienced, did not fully grasp the complexity of presenting dictionary information online.
Recovering Racial Positioning in “White” Women's International Thought: Lady Kathleen Simon's International Abolitionist Crusade, 1927–1955
Authors: Napier Isabelle 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The new field of history of women's international thought is part of, and gives further impetus to, the ongoing reckoning of international relations (IR) with the centrality of race and gender to the discipline. Scholars continue to recuperate a long inheritance of international thinkers concerned with race relations, colonial administration, and empire in nineteenth- and twentieth-century global political economies dependent on violent exploitation of peoples classified as inferior. This inheritance underscores that the politics of colonialism, war, humanitarianism, development, and decolonization have shaped and been shaped by processes of reinforcing and contesting racialized subject positions. Despite this, little attention has been paid to whiteness in histories of women's international thought. In this article, I recover the international thought of white British antislavery advocate and humanitarian Lady Kathleen Simon. I bring feminist and critical race scholarship to bear on Simon's writings and practice. Through her efforts to rouse a twentieth-century international abolitionist movement to emancipate those remaining enslaved in so-called backwards places, Simon played a consequential role in defending Ethiopia's occupation by fascist Italy from 1936 to 1941 and in arguing for continued European administration of Ethiopia after its liberation. In light of critiques of humanitarianism and of the role of white women in reproducing racial hierarchies in colonial and development contexts, I argue that recovery and analysis of the subject positions of historical women racialized as white is inextricable from the project of international intellectual history and from IR's continuing engagement with questions of gendered and racialized hierarchy and othering.
Philanthropic Foundations and Transnational Activist Networks: Ford and the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights
Authors: Gonzalez-Ocantos Ezequiel , Morcillo Laiz Álvaro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFoundations provide key funds for nongovernmental organizations. We know little about what they do for transnational activism or the mechanisms via which they seek/achieve influence. We carve a middle ground between those who see donors as supporting actors in transnational advocacy networks (TANs) and those who think they distort activism through impersonal market forces. Our negotiation-oriented approach looks at the micro-dynamics of donor–grantee relations. We argue that influence is a function of donors’ organizational characteristics. Only some, especially foundations, have the vision/means to shape grantees. However, internal complexity can cause coordination problems, complicating influence. Additionally, if many donors exist, recipients’ leverage increases. It does so too if their expertise is in short supply. Using archival evidence, we reconstruct how Ford tried to shape the Inter-American Human Rights Institute, a pillar of the region's human rights regime, and the factors conditioning success. For Ford, the Institute could play a role in a fledging TAN, but only if it downplayed its emphasis on research and directly engaged activists. Coupled with analyses of USAID’s relationship with the Institute and Ford's relationship with Americas Watch, we shed light on the activities of an important class of donor and illuminate foundations’ role in the development of TANs.
Genetic assessment improves conservation efforts for the critically endangered oceanic island endemic Hibiscus liliiflorus
Authors: Mashburn Brock , Jhangeer-Khan Reshad , Bégué Alfred , Tatayah Vikash , Olsen Kenneth M , Edwards Christine E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hibiscus liliiflorus, endemic to the Indian Ocean island of Rodrigues, is one of the rarest plant species in the world; only 2 wild individuals remain. Previously, when 4 wild individuals remained, the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation (MWF) in Rodrigues propagated cuttings of them in their nursery, then planted seedlings produced in the nursery into 3 outplanted populations on the island. Our goals were to: 1) assess whether all 4 original wild genotypes are represented in the MWF nursery; 2) determine whether ex situ living collections at international botanical gardens maintain unique genotypes of H. liliiflorus; 3) assess whether nursery individuals have crossed or self-fertilized to produce seed and quantify their relative contributions to outplanted populations; and 4) provide recommendations for future conservation actions. We used a 2b-RADseq approach to produce 2,711 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 98 samples. Genotype identity analysis, principal component analysis, and model-based clustering in STRUCTURE found 4 genotypes extant in Rodrigues but no unique genotypes in ex situ botanic garden collections. Only 3 genotypes are represented in the MWF nursery; the one remaining genotype is represented by an extant wild individual. Parentage analysis showed that seeds produced in the MWF nursery resulted from both self-fertilization and crossing between genotypes, a result supported by internal relatedness and hybrid index calculations. Each outplanted population is dominated by a subset of parental genotypes, and we propose actions to balance the parental contributions to outplanted populations. Our study highlights how genetic assessments of ex situ conservation projects help conserve critically endangered species.
Report of multiple high-grade gliomas in two patients with shared retained ATRX, wild-type IDH, losses of CDKN2A genes and alterations in the PTEN–PI3K axis
Authors: Khatchadourian Christopher , Guo Jin , Prasad Chaya J , Orlando Robert A , Parsa Cyrus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolitary gliomas have been well described in the literature. Multiple gliomas, however, have not received the same notoriety, and as such further studies may be helpful in elucidating their unique clinicopathologic features and molecular basis. We present two patients, each with multiple high-grade gliomas, and describe their clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics in comparison with those reported in the literature in an attempt to better understand their shared tumorigenic mechanisms. Extensive molecular, FISH and genomic profiling studies detected multiple unique abnormalities in our two cases with shared molecular features of retained ATRX, wild-type IDH, losses of CDKN2A genes and alterations in the PTEN–PI3K Axis.