bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of the Russian Regulatory State
Authors: Duvanova Dinissa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The chapter describes the development of Russian regulatory state institutions between 1991 and 2021. It traces the growth of these institutions through the corresponding development of legislation and executive-level binding regulations. It takes a closer look at the formal rules and regulations issued by political and administrative institutions to formulate and execute state regulatory policy and discuss how legislative statutes, presidential and gubernatorial orders, government resolutions, and ministerial and agency-level directives can be used as quantitative measures of regulatory complexity and mechanisms of political control over state bureaucracy. The analysis demonstrates that regulatory documents are the source of formal institutional constraints of the policy implementation practices. The more elaborate formal rules provide a firmermer foundation for implementation that is consistent with the intent of policymakers. Formal rules regulate not only companies and individuals, but also the bureaucrats who implement them.
Bureaucratic Discretion and Business Climate around the World
Authors: Duvanova Dinissa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter evaluates economic effects of discretionary institutional powers in a cross-national comparative framework. Much of the existing research does not distinguish between government regulatory policy and its implementation. This results in overlooking the importance of issues of implementation and creates a void in understanding the efficacy of regulatory regimes. The chapter fills in this gap by disentangling the effects of regulatory policy from those of regulatory implementation empirically and shows that these have separate, albeit interactive, effects on economic performance. Using cross-sectional data covering 102 autocratic and democratic countries, I find that institutions enabling bureaucratic discretion render the state regulatory involvement largely irrelevant. Under high levels of bureaucratic discretion, the extent of state economic intervention has no effect on economic outcomes. This analysis confirms that institutions of regulatory implementation are dependent and consequential components of state governance beyond the context of transitional economies and autocratic politics.
Language
Authors: Shieber Joseph 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Among the many reasons for which it was celebrated, the Scottish Enlightenment period was notable for the heightened interest accorded to language as a phenomenon worthy of study. This chapter explores language as a topic of study for Scottish Enlightenment thinkers through a focus on four central areas: (1) evidence that facts about language might provide for conclusions about human nature; (2) speculations on the origins of language; (3) thoughts on rhetoric; and (4) the epistemic status of testimony. In each section, a few central texts will serve as the focus for more general observations on how Scottish Enlightenment thinkers addressed these topics, situating the conversation in Scotland within the larger intellectual context of the period.
Shakespeare: 1599, 1603–6
Authors: Sharpe Will 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter, which broadly covers the middle period of Shakespeare’s career (c.1599–1606), argues that, with the exception of Timon of Athens, his co-authored works from this period are exclusively characterized by acts of revision rather than the joint composition of plays by multiple writers. Shakespeare has in recent years been identified with increasing confidence as the revising hand responsible for the additions to The Spanish Tragedy (probably c.1599) that appeared first in the 1602 text, and the chapter begins with this and with Thomas Heywood’s possible part in that process. The chapter also discusses Shakespeare’s part in the manuscript play Sir Thomas More, an apparently censorship-induced revision, considering the circumstances of and dramatic qualities of his contribution, this time in demonstrable close cooperation with Heywood. The final section of the chapter looks at Shakespeare’s collaborative work with Thomas Middleton on Timon, and at Middleton’s apparent adaptations of Measure for Measure, Macbeth, and All’s Well that Ends Well after Shakespeare’s death.
Page
Authors: Sharpe Will 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the early print history of collaborative plays and how collaboration, and particular collaborators, come in and out of focus as selling points during the period of the early theatres and beyond. The discussion will cover both cheap imprints (quartos) and prestige Folio imprints and the stationers responsible for them, considering the paradox that the expensive volumes falsify authorial title-page statements around collaboration more than their lower-end counterparts. The coverage of the discussion ranges beyond Shakespeare, while a section talks exclusively about the 1634 imprint of The Two Noble Kinsmen as the only early text accurately to advertise Shakespearean co-authorship. The final section looks at modern editions of Shakespeare, and considers the ways in which collaboration has—or frequently hasn’t—featured in their marketing strategies.
Certainty and Undercutting
Authors: Greco Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In chapter four discuss certainty. Much epistemological modeling represents agents as certain of a variety of facts—logical truths, their evidence, whatever they know. But—so a common narrative goes—ever since the failure of the Cartesian project we've known that almost nothing is certain. This might seem like a natural place to start talking about idealization; it's fruitful for various purposes to represent facts as certain when, strictly speaking, they're merely highly probable. This is not the approach I'll defend. While I'll agree that we're idealizing when we represent agents as being certain, I'll argue it's too quick to assume that there are strict truths to the effect that what we represent as certain is instead merely highly probable.
Introduction
Authors: Forjwuor Bernard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter frames the conceptual concerns, critical questions, and methodological approaches the book embraces. It contemplates the following questions: What is political independence? As a political act, what was it sanctioned to accomplish? Was political independence sanctioned to dismantle colonialism? If so, was political independence’s affirmation of self-determinization coterminous to decolonization? But what is the nature of this colonialism that political independence must necessarily eradicate? Was colonialism the deferment of freedom for which the transfer of power must restore or a violation of human rights for which remedial justice is required? Is self-determination/political independence an affirmation of freedom, an explication of remedial justice, or perhaps both? What is the difference between freedom and justice? Must one automatically lead to the other, in which case political independence fulfilled both necessary obligations? If political independence is, in fact, a decolonial initiative, is it not the case then that this act of self-determination is necessarily a remedial justice? Thus, is self-determination not the effective negation of centuries of exploitation, genocide, extraction of resources, barbarism, dispossession, capture, and selling of humans as cargo/commodity, etc.? If it seems that self-determination is insufficiently a decolonial accomplishment, it is because it is framed outside the condition of its most effective use.
Why Mercenary Operations Occasionally Succeed
Authors: Kinsey Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter seeks to explain the success of the mercenary operations examined in the previous chapters. It is a well-documented fact that most mercenary operations fail. What this chapter explains is that particular norms, rules, and decision-making procedures that impose tight control over these mercenary operations are the prime factors on those occasions where they succeed. The reason tight control is essential is that it transforms the capacity to work into meaningful output, and by association into successful results. Without tight control, mercenary output is reduced and therefore unlikely to meet the geostrategic and operational objectives set by whatever government agency is running the mercenary operation. However, achieving tight control is not straightforward. In our cases, it is achieved through adopting certain norms, abiding by certain rules, and following certain decision-making procedures. Moreover, by cross-referencing between these three operations, the chapter is able to identify which norms, rules, and decision-making procedures dominated in these operations, facilitating their success. Again, there is very little in the extant literature that seeks to explain why some mercenary operations succeed, making this chapter unique.
The Stade
Authors: Matthew Christopher A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the unit of measure that Eratosthenes gave his result in (the stade): what it is, how it was derived, and the varying sizes of the unit as were used in ancient Greece. The chapter then moves on to examine the attempts by prior scholars to determine the size of the stade used by Eratosthenes and how all previous examinations on this topic are inconclusive, incomplete, or incorrect.
The Wartime Period, 1939–45
Authors: Baylis John , Eames Anthony 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The political and scientific foundations of the Anglo-American nuclear relationship emerged during World War II through cooperation on the Manhattan Project and a series of meetings between Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill. Scientific trust and the close relationship between the president and prime minister proved critical in the efforts to overcome suspicion and competitive impulses at the military and civilian industrial levels of the relationship. Despite the remarkable joint efforts of Roosevelt, Churchill, and the American and British scientific communities, a failure to institutionalize the relationship would underlie challenges in the coming years.
Alliance Nuclear Modernization and SDI Dilemmas, 1982–9
Authors: Baylis John , Eames Anthony 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The deployment of intermediate-range nuclear forces, the development of the Strategic Defense Initiative and the Reykjavik Summit meeting raised the spectre of nuclear abolition in superpower arms control talks which highlighted the dilemmas and complexities of ‘embedded trust’ in the Anglo-American nuclear relationship. The Reagan administration’s willingness to consider the elimination of nuclear weapons clashed with the Thatcher government’s commitment to nuclear deterrence. However, the decades of cooperation and the US and UK governments’ shared efforts to confront the transatlantic anti-nuclear movement were reflected in the close friendship between Reagan and Thatcher. Together they embarked on productive diplomacy with the Soviet Union that would bring about an end to the Cold War.
Continuities and ‘Pebbles in the Shoe’, 2016–23
Authors: Baylis John , Eames Anthony 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The rise in conservative populism alongside the increasing belligerence of rival great powers created a confounding set of conditions for the Anglo-American nuclear relationship. While investments in next-generation warheads and delivery systems underscore the fact that the relationship has become effectively institutionalized, personalities still play a major role. This is especially the case when the special nuclear relationship functions in multilateral spaces such as the JCPOA regime or the new arrangements made for AUKUS. Despite political instabilities in the UK and US pressure for a solution to the Northern Ireland Protocols, the war in Ukraine and growing concerns about China have reinforced close Anglo-American defence and intelligence ties, ensuring a continuation of the nuclear relationship between Britain and the United States
Narrative templates
Authors: Pérez Rafael Pérez y , Sharples Mike 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of the template, describes its components, points out how we use templates in our everyday lives, and explains how they can be employed to produce narratives. Next, we present the notion of digital templates. Because templates require data and computers are good at getting and processing large amounts of data, we explain how to employ digital technology to fill in templates automatically. We provide examples that illustrate how to use this technique, for example to generate automatic sport news articles. Finally, the chapter describes diverse methods for generating more flexible templates, such as contextual templates, and thus to produce more appealing texts, emphasizing the relevance of data analysis.
Narrative generation from the character’s perspective
Authors: Pérez Rafael Pérez y , Sharples Mike 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses how problem-solving techniques are employed for the automatic generation of narratives. In this approach, characters’ goals (e.g. actors deciphering puzzles to discover a treasure, heroes trying to help people in problems) drive the development of the tale. These goals are broken into easier tasks. In this way, a collection of relatively simple challenges produces complex scenarios that result in interesting narratives. We introduce the main concepts behind problem-solving: goal-structure, character-structure, action-structure, preconditions, post conditions, goal’s plan, backwards reasoning. Next, we provide an example that illustrates the central mechanisms that this type of storyteller employs to generate narratives. Finally, we discuss the core features of a narrative generation system based on problem-solving.
Weaving texts with patterns
Authors: Pérez Rafael Pérez y , Sharples Mike 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes how a statistical information technique, known as Markov Chains, can be employed to generate texts. We introduce concepts like probabilistic distribution, patterns, and generalization. We provide an example that illustrates how this technique works. Employing the short story ‘The Devoted Friend’, by Oscar Wilde, we show how it is possible to generate novel sentences using statistical methods. The chapter continues with some comments about the novel A Noise Such as a Man Might Make written by a computer program using Markov Chains. This program employs data extracted from two novels: The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway, published in 1952, and The Road by Cormac McCarthy, published in 2006. We finish with some thoughts about the use of statistical information techniques for text generation.
Quantitative Measurement of Secretory Protein Mistargeting by Proximity Labeling and Parallel Reaction Monitoring
Authors: Lyu Ziqi , Genereux Joseph C. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTProximity labeling is a powerful approach for characterizing subcellular proteomes. We recently demonstrated that proximity labeling can be used to identify mistrafficking of secretory proteins, such as occurs during pre-emptive quality control (pre-QC) following endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This assay depends on protein quantification by immunoblotting and densitometry, which is only semi-quantitative and suffers from poor sensitivity. Here, we integrate parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry to enable a more quantitative platform for ER import. PRM as opposed to densitometry improves quantification of transthyretin mistargeting while also achieving at least a ten-fold gain in sensitivity. The multiplexing of PRM also enabled us to evaluate a series of normalization approaches, revealing that normalization to auto-labeled APEX2 peroxidase is necessary to account for drug treatment-dependent changes in labeling efficiency. We apply this approach to systematically characterize the relationship between chemical ER stressors and ER pre-QC induction in HEK293T cells. Using dual-FLAG-tagged transthyretin (FLAGTTR) as a model secretory protein, we find that Brefeldin A treatment as well as ER calcium depletion cause pre-QC, while tunicamycin and dithiothreitol do not, indicating ER stress alone is not sufficient. This finding contrasts with the canonical model of pre-QC induction, and establishes the utility of our platform.TOC graph
Customer engagement and loyalty: the moderating role of involvement
Authors: Perez Benegas Jesica Yanet , Zanfardini Marina 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe purposes of the present study were to analyse: (1) if there is a hierarchical relationship between cognitive dimension (attention) and emotional dimension (enthusiasm); (2) to what extent the cognitive and emotional dimensions of the customer engagement (CE) affect loyalty to consumer brands in traditional settings and in social media; and (3) if involvement moderates the relationships between cognitive and emotional dimensions of CE and between each CE dimension and the two kinds of loyalties (offline and social media).Design/methodology/approach The authors applied structural equation model on a sample of 272 passengers of main airlines operating the domestic Argentinian market in 2018. The authors also used multigroup analysis to combine involvement as a moderator variable.Findings Cognitive dimensions of engagement (attention) had a direct and positive effect on the emotional engagement (measured by enthusiasm). Capturing the attention of passengers is key to maintaining their loyalty both in offline and online environments, especially if they are lowly involved with brands.Research limitations/implications The present study suggests and tests a model for the consequences of CE as a multidimensional construct in a specific service context.Originality/value Following the attitude formation approach and the hierarchy of effect of advertising theory, this study researched the dynamic of relationship between cognitive and emotional dimensions of CE. The results contribute on the line of considering CE as a process, including stages that consumers go through until they achieve the engagement with the brand. The results offer evidence of the specific impact of each CE dimension on loyalty at two environments (offline and social media).
Disentangling the antecedents of rational versus emotional negative electronic word of mouth on a peer-to-peer accommodation platform
Authors: Yang Chaofan , Sun Yongqiang , Wang Nan , Shen Xiao-Liang 
Published: July 2023

PurposeAlthough extant studies have investigated the antecedents of negative electronic word of mouth (eWOM), they treated it as a unidimensional concept without classification. To bridge this knowledge gap, this paper distinguishes rational negative eWOM (RNW) from emotional negative eWOM (ENW) and leverages the consumer value framework to investigate their drivers in the context of peer-to-peer accommodation platforms (PPAPs).Design/methodology/approachThis study collected data through an online survey of 437 PPAP users. Partial least squares (PLS) were used to validate the proposed hypotheses. Further, the path coefficients comparison method was adopted to distinguish the different impacts of consumer values on RNW and ENW.FindingsThis research showed that self-presentation exerted a positive impact on RNW, but its relationship with ENW was insignificant. Anger and regret were, respectively, positively related to ENW and RNW. Besides, altruism exerted a positive effect on RNW, whereas it had a negative effect on ENW.Originality/valueFirst, this paper makes a fresh attempt to categorize negative eWOM into RNW and ENW. Second, this paper draws upon the consumer value framework to dissect varied motivations for posting RNW versus ENW on PPAPs. Third, this paper empirically verifies the differential influences that consumer values exert on RNW and ENW.
How to increase the uptake of circular public procurement? Lessons learned from local authorities in Sweden
Authors: Hunka Agnieszka , Vanacore Emanuela , Mellquist Ann-Charlotte , Fuertes-Gine Letitia 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Circular procurement is assumed to foster innovation and influence demand for and supply of goods through criteria setting and dialogue with suppliers. However, even in countries placed at the forefront of sustainability practices such as Sweden, examples of procurement that can truly be considered to be circular are rare. This paper aims to examine circular public procurement practices in a selection of Swedish municipalities and regions through the lens of the Advocacy Coalition Framework. The authors propose a categorisation of municipalities by circular procurement uptake and identify factors that support the acceleration of the circular transition in Sweden.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the key informant approach, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with employees of seven municipalities, one region and one external procurement agency, as well as seven suppliers of various sizes. The authors also analysed procurement documents received from municipalities. Participating organisations represented a variety of Swedish local government structures and local conditions.

Findings
The authors proposed a categorisation of circular procurement uptake. Notably, beginners differ from leaders in circular procurement, most importantly by the level of flexibility policy brokers have within their organisations and by policy brokers’ ability to accommodate changes that materialise between existing organisational structures and set routines.

Social implications
The fragmented uptake of circular procurement poses a challenge for local businesses interested in implementing circular business models. It also both highlights and exacerbates inequalities in access to resources between sparsely populated, rural municipalities and more urbanised areas.

Originality/value
Despite existing national government guidelines for the circular economy transition in Sweden, circular procurement is not fully realised at the local level. In this paper, the authors examine the Swedish experience with circular procurement and propose several steps to improve the uptake of circular procurement by the public authorities. The authors' findings concerning the role of policy brokers may well be generalised to similar socio-cultural contexts.