bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional interventions in prehabilitation for cancer surgery
Authors: Wall Joshua , Paul Melanie , Phillips Bethan E. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Nutrition remains a key focus in the preoptimization of patients undergoing cancer surgery. Given the catabolic nature of cancer, coupled with the physiological insult of surgery, malnutrition (when assessed) is prevalent in a significant proportion of patients. Therefore, robust research on interventions to attenuate the detrimental impact of this is crucial.

Recent findings
As a unimodal prehabilitation intervention, assessment for malnutrition is the first step, as universal supplementation has not been shown to have a significant impact on outcomes. However, targeted nutritional therapy, whether that is enteral or parenteral, has been shown to improve the nutritional state of patients’ presurgery, potentially reducing the rate of postoperative complications such as nosocomial infections. As part of multimodal prehabilitation, the situation is more nuanced given the difficulty in attribution of effects to the differing components, and vast heterogeneity in intervention and patient profiles.

Summary
Multimodal prehabilitation is proven to improve length of hospital stay and postoperative outcomes, with nutrition forming a significant part of the therapy given. Further work is required to look at not only the interplay between the optimization of nutritional status and other prehabilitation interventions, but also how to best select which patients will achieve significant benefit.
Implementation of a Bleeding Risk Screening Tool and Hematology Referral Process Prior to Pediatric Endoscopy
Authors: McSorley Brianna , Chugh Ankur , Abazi Tea , Lerner Diana , Jobe Shawn , Pan Amy Y. , Zhang Liyun , Sharma Ruchika , Ashai-Khan Farhat 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures are considered low risk with an overall bleeding risk for upper and lower endoscopies of 0.11%. However, a certain population of patients may have a higher risk for bleeding, and there is not a standardized process for screening patients to determine who these patients are.Methods:At Children’s Wisconsin, our gastroenterology and hematology divisions adapted an abbreviated version of a validated, history-based bleeding risk screening tool and implemented a hematology referral process to identify those at risk for bleeding prior to their first endoscopy. Provider compliance with the bleeding screen, referral to hematology, time to be seen in hematology clinic, new diagnoses of bleeding disorders, and bleeding complications were assessed from 2019 to 2021 across 3 phases.Results:Provider compliance with the bleeding screen improved throughout our study from 48% (120/251) to 75% (189/253). For those who screened positive, compliance with referral to hematology ranged from 38% to 74% across our phases. The overall time to be seen by hematology decreased from 30 days to 7.5 days. Eighteen patients ultimately screened positive and were seen in hematology clinic, of whom 22% (4/18) were diagnosed with a new bleeding disorder. No bleeding complications were seen in our study population.Conclusions:Our quality improvement project provided a standardized screening tool to assess preoperative bleeding risk and reinforced the value of a history-based screening tool. This modified screening tool identified those with an undiagnosed bleeding disorder and preventative measures were undertaken to prevent procedural bleeding complications.
Safety of the One Step Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (Push-PEG) Button in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Brinkmann Julian , Fahle Luise , Broekaert Ilse , Hünseler Christoph , Joachim Alexander 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)-systems are essential tools for enteral feeding in a broad variety of pediatric patients. The One Step (“Push-PEG”) technique allows the direct introduction of a PEG-Button. The aim of the study was to investigate the safety and parental view of the Push-PEG technique.

Methods:
We conducted a single-center retrospective data and questionnaire (SDC, http://links.lww.com/MPG/D296) based study including all pediatric patients receiving a PEG via push or pull technique between 2015 until end of 2020 and compared these 2 groups. The primary outcome was the detection of minor and major complications. Secondary outcomes were growth, thriving, and parental contentment using a Likert-scaled questionnaire.

Results:
Eighty-three patients were included in the analysis. There were no significant differences in the basic data regarding age, weight, or diagnosis category. Overall complication rate was 34.9%. The Push-PEG group showed a lower rate of complications (32.7% vs 38.7%) and a lower rate of major complications (4.1% vs 8.8%), although the difference is not significant. Thirty-four families completed the questionnaire (SDC, http://links.lww.com/MPG/D296) (response rate 40%). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding answers of the Likert-scaled questions.

Conclusion:
Push-PEG placement seems to be as safe as placement via traditional pull technique, even in small infants more than 2.8 months and 4 kg. As Push-PEG placement requires less follow-up interventions it may show significant advantages and could be the method of first choice in many cases.
Automated detection of genetic relatedness from fundus photographs using Siamese Neural Networks
Authors: Bhandari Sakshi Manoj , Singh Praveer , Arun Nishanth , Sekimitsu Sayuri , Raghu Vineet , Rauscher Franziska G. , Elze Tobias , Horn Katrin , Kirsten Toralf , Scholz Markus , Segrè Ayellet V. , Wiggs Janey L. , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Zebardast Nazlee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeritability of common eye diseases and ocular traits are relatively high. Here, we develop an automated algorithm to detect genetic relatedness from color fundus photographs (FPs). We estimated the degree of shared ancestry amongst individuals in the UK Biobank using KING software. A convolutional Siamese neural network-based algorithm was trained to output a measure of genetic relatedness using 7224 pairs (3612 related and 3612 unrelated) of FPs. The model achieved high performance for prediction of genetic relatedness; when computed Euclidean distances were used to determine probability of relatedness, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for identifying related FPs reached 0.926. We performed external validation of our model using FPs from the LIFE-Adult study and achieved an AUROC of 0.69. An occlusion map indicates that the optic nerve and its surrounding area may be the most predictive of genetic relatedness. We demonstrate that genetic relatedness can be captured from FP features. This approach may be used to uncover novel biomarkers for common ocular diseases.
The significance and characteristics of the patients with Ribbon-like signal hyperintensity after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Miyamoto Takeshi , Sogabe Shu , Korai Masaaki , Yamaguchi Izumi , Ishihara Manabu , Shimada Kenji , Kanematsu Yasuhisa , Kuroda Kazutaka , Yamamoto Yuki , Yamamoto Nobuaki , Harada Masafumi , Izumi Yuishin , Takagi Yasushi 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe discovered a novel finding of ribbon-like signal hyperintensity of the cerebral cortical gyri, named the ribbon sign, after reperfusion therapy. Herein, we report the significance and clinical characteristics of ribbon signs.MethodsData from consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke and anterior large-vessel occlusion were prospectively extracted from the Tokushima University Hospital Stroke Registry between January 2011 and March 2020. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was retrospectively assessed in patients with acute ischemic stroke with large-vessel occlusion, with or without treatment.ResultsA total of 140 patients (78 males, Average age: 75.7 years) were enrolled in the study. The mean DWI-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (DWI- ASPECTS) was 7.0. Among the patients, 113 (80.7%) underwent reperfusion therapy and 95 (67.9%) had unfavorable outcomes. Eighty-one (57.9%) patients underwent successful recanalization. The ribbon sign was more common in patients with successful recanalization than in the patients with unsuccessful recanalization (53.1% vs. 8.5%, respectively;p<0.01).ConclusionOur study is the first to report that the ribbon sign is a specific finding after successful recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
A Spatiotemporal Molecular Atlas of the Ovulating Mouse Ovary
Authors: Mantri Madhav , Zhang Hanxue Hannah , Spanos Emmanuel , Ren Yi A , De Vlaminck Iwijn 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTOvulation is essential for reproductive success, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are far from clear. Here, we applied high-resolution spatiotemporal transcriptomics to map out cell-type- and ovulation-stage-specific molecular programs as function of time during follicle maturation and ovulation in mice. Our analysis revealed dynamic molecular transitions within granulosa cell types that occur in tight coordination with mesenchymal cell proliferation. We identified new molecular markers for the emerging cumulus cell fate during the preantral-to-antral transition. We describe transcriptional programs that respond rapidly to ovulation stimulation and those associated with follicle rupture, highlighting the prominent roles of apoptotic and metabolic pathways during the final stages of follicle maturation. We further report stage-specific oocyte-cumulus cell interactions and diverging molecular differentiation in follicles approaching ovulation. Collectively, this study provides insights into the cellular and molecular processes that regulate mouse ovarian follicle maturation and ovulation with important implications for advancing therapeutic strategies in reproductive medicine.
The impact of Gam-COVID-Vac, an AdV5/AdV26 COVID-19 vaccine, on the biomarkers of endothelial function, coagulation and platelet activation
Authors: Turmukhambetova Anar , Yegorov Sergey , Korshukov Ilya , Barkhanskaya Valentina , Kolesnichenko Svetlana , Klyuyev Dmitriy , Zhumadilova Zhibek , Pralieva Aruzhan , Absaghit Laylim , Belyaev Ruslan , Babenko Dmitriy , Hortelano Gonzalo H. , Miller Matthew S. , Vazenmiller Dmitriy , Kadyrova Irina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines have played a critical role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Although overall considered safe, COVID-19 vaccination has been associated with rare but severe thrombotic events, occurring mainly in the context of adenoviral vectored vaccines. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying vaccine-induced hypercoagulability and prothrombotic state is needed to improve vaccine safety profile.MethodsWe assessed changes to the biomarkers of endothelial function (endothelin, ET-1), coagulation (thrombomodulin, THBD and plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI) and platelet activation (platelet activating factor, PAF, and platelet factor 4 IgG antibody, PF4 IgG) within a three-week period after the first (prime) and second (boost) doses of Gam-Covid-Vac, an AdV5/AdV26-vectored COVID-19 vaccine. Blood plasma collected from vaccinees (n=58) was assayed using ELISA assays. Participants were stratified by prior COVID-19 exposure based on their baseline SARS-CoV-2-specific serology results.ResultsWe observed a significant post-prime increase in circulating ET-1, with levels sustained after the boost dose compared to baseline. ET-1 elevation following dose 2 was most pronounced in vaccinees without prior COVID-19 exposure. Prior COVID-19 was also associated with a mild increase in post-dose 1 PAI.ConclusionsVaccination was associated with elevated ET-1 up to day 21 after the second vaccine dose, while no marked alterations to other biomarkers, including PF4 IgG, were seen. A role of persistent endothelial activation followingCOVID-19 vaccination warrants further investigation.
Metabolic Engineering on a 3D-Printed Microfluidic Platform: A New Approach for Modular Co-Metabolic pathways
Authors: Helalat Seyed Hossein , Seder Islam , Téllez Rodrigo C. , Amani Mahmood , Sun Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetabolic engineering of cell factories often requires extensive modification of host cellular machinery, leading to numerous challenges such as metabolic burden, intermediate metabolite toxicity, and inadequate endogenous fluxes. To overcome the limitations, we presented an innovative approach for metabolic engineering, by constructing modular biosynthetic pathways on a 3D-printed microfluidic platform. Several new techniques have been developed, including novel designs of chip configurations, effective methods for enzyme immobilization on printed resins, and proper ways to regenerate cofactors in redox reactions. As a proof of concept, we built xylose consumption and CO2fixation pathways in the microfluidic chips and successfully demonstrated that the platform was able to convert xylose and enable the rapid growth ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae,which otherwise will not grow with xylose as the only carbon source. Overall, the 3D-printed microfluidic platform presents a much simpler and more efficient cell-free strategy for developing modular, optimized biosynthetic pathways.
Semantic redundancy-aware implicit neural compression for multidimensional biomedical image data
Authors: Ma Yifan , Yi Chengqiang , Zhou Yao , Wang Zhaofei , Zhao Yuxuan , Zhu Lanxin , Wang Jie , Gao Shimeng , Liu Jianchao , Yuan Xinyue , Wang Zhaoqiang , Liu Binbing , Fei Peng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development in advanced imaging techniques, massive image data have been acquired for various biomedical applications, posing significant challenges to their efficient storage, transmission, and sharing. Classical model-or learning-based compression algorithms are optimized for specific dimensional data and neglect the semantic redundancy in multidimensional biomedical data, resulting limited compression performance. Here, we propose a Semantic redundancy based Implicit Neural Compression guided with Saliency map (SINCS) approach which achieves high-performance compression of various types of multi-dimensional biomedical images. Based on the first-proved semantic redundancy of biomedical data in the implicit neural function domain, we accomplished saliency-guided implicit neural compression, thereby notably improving the compression efficiency for large-scale image data in arbitrary dimensions. We have demonstrated that SINCS surpasses the alternative compression approaches in terms of image quality, compression ratio, and structure fidelity. Moreover, with using weight transfer and residual entropy coding strategies, SINCS improves compression speed while maintaining high-quality compression. It yields near-lossless compression with over 2000-fold compression ratio on 2D, 2D-T, 3D, 4D biomedical images of diverse targets ranging from single virus to entire human organs, and ensures reliable downstream tasks, such as object segmentation and quantitative analyses, to be conducted at high efficiency.
Homeostatic regulation of REM sleep by the preoptic area of the hypothalamus
Authors: Maurer John , Lin Alex , Jin Xi , Hong Jiso , Sathi Nicholas , Cardis Romain , Osorio-Forero Alejandro , Lüthi Anita , Weber Franz , Chung Shinjae 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTRapid-eye-movement sleep (REMs) is characterized by activated electroencephalogram (EEG) and muscle atonia, accompanied by vivid dreams. REMs is homeostatically regulated, ensuring that any loss of REMs is compensated by a subsequent increase in its amount. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the homeostatic control of REMs are largely unknown. Here, we show that GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus projecting to the tuberomammillary nucleus (POAGAD2→TMN neurons) are crucial for the homeostatic regulation of REMs. POAGAD2→TMN neurons are most active during REMs, and inhibiting them specifically decreases REMs. REMs restriction leads to an increased number and amplitude of calcium transients in POAGAD2→TMN neurons, reflecting the accumulation of REMs pressure. Inhibiting POAGAD2→TMN neurons during REMs restriction blocked the subsequent rebound of REMs. Our findings reveal a hypothalamic circuit whose activity mirrors the buildup of homeostatic REMs pressure during restriction and that is required for the ensuing rebound in REMs.
Accurate Simulation of Coupling between Protein Secondary Structure and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation
Authors: Zhang Yumeng , Li Shanlong , Gong Xiping , Chen Jianhan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) frequently mediate liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) that underlies the formation of membraneless organelles. Together with theory and experiment, efficient coarse-grained (CG) simulations have been instrumental in understanding sequence- specific phase separation of IDPs. However, the widely-used Cα-only models are severely limited in capturing the peptide nature of IDPs, including backbone-mediated interactions and effects of secondary structures, in LLPS. Here, we describe a hybrid resolution (HyRes) protein model for accurate description of the backbone and transient secondary structures in LLPS. With an atomistic backbone and coarse-grained side chains, HyRes accurately predicts the residue helical propensity and chain dimension of monomeric IDPs. Using GY-23 as a model system, we show that HyRes is efficient enough for direct simulation of spontaneous phase separation, and at the same time accurate enough to resolve the effects of single mutations. HyRes simulations also successfully predict increased beta-sheet formation in the condensate, consistent with available experimental data. We further utilize HyRes to study the phase separation of TPD-43, where several disease-related mutants in the conserved region (CR) have been shown to affect residual helicities and modulate LLPS propensity. The simulations successfully recapitulate the effect of these mutants on the helicity and LLPS propensity of TDP-43 CR. Analyses reveal that the balance between backbone and sidechain-mediated interactions, but not helicity itself, actually determines LLPS propensity. We believe that the HyRes model represents an important advance in the molecular simulation of LLPS and will help elucidate the coupling between IDP transient secondary structures and phase separation.
“Agentic” cluster aggression: KIBS auditors and law firms as key tax haven drivers
Authors: Cooke Philip 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The purpose here is to show how the “shadow” economy has grown in scale and impetus in recent years, though even before modern times it has been present (e.g. the City of London, Shaxson, 2011) since at least the middle ages. The reasons for this have become complicated, but we can identify some “deep structures” that are common. Firstly, “globalisation” made it easier for multinationals to escape national regulatory regimes. Secondly, one of the ways neoliberal trading regulations allowed such actors to augment their assets was by means of what they initially called “transfer-pricing” but which now is officially known as “profit shifting” through tax havens. Thirdly, the growth in international trade in legal and illegal ways caused money laundering – even by otherwise respectable banks – to grow across borders. Conversely, from the supply-side, tax haven status was increasingly accessed by jurisdictions that sought to achieve economic growth by supplying tax haven services, both Delaware and Ireland as exemplars of a “developmental” fiscal policy.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts a “pattern recognition” design, an approach that is abductive, meaning interpretive, as shown in the observation that explanation can be valid or reliable without direct observation. This is shown in the indirect observation that “rain fell because the terrace has puddles” or “ancient glaciers once carved this valley”.

Findings
Reviewing the European Union’s (EU) list of non-co-operating jurisdictions in support of the OECD’s review of base erosion and profit-shifting activity, Collin concluded the EU’s listing “moved the needle” somewhat but was only a modest success. This is because of its reluctance to sanction its own members or large economies like the USA. Data on foreign direct investment and offshore banking assets suggest listed jurisdictions did not suffer notably from being named and shamed. In all cases studied, this contribution found legally damaging, fraudulent, conflict of interest and corrupt practice activities everywhere.

Originality/value
The originality is found in three spheres. Firstly, the pattern recognition method was vindicated in yielding hard to research results. Secondly, the “assemblage-thirdspace” theory was found advantageous in demonstrating the uneven geography of tax haven clusters and their common history in turbocharging economic development. Finally, the empirics showed the ruses executed by cluster members in tax havens to circumvent the law from global management consultancies to micro-firms consisting of tax lawyers and other experts interacting in knowledge supply chains of dubious morality.
An efficient gradient-enhanced kriging modeling method assisted by fast kriging for high-dimension problems
Authors: He Youwei , Tan Kuan , Fu Chunming , Luo Jinliang 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The modeling cost of the gradient-enhanced kriging (GEK) method is prohibitive for high-dimensional problems. This study aims to develop an efficient modeling strategy for the GEK method.

Design/methodology/approach
A two-step tuning strategy is proposed for the construction of the GEK model. First, an auxiliary kriging is built efficiently. Then, the hyperparameter of the kriging model is served as a good initial guess to that of the GEK model, and a local optimal search is further used to explore the search space of hyperparameter to guarantee the accuracy of the GEK model. In the construction of the auxiliary kriging, the maximal information coefficient is adopted to estimate the relative magnitude of the hyperparameter, which is used to transform the high-dimension maximum likelihood estimation problem into a one-dimensional optimization. The tuning problem of the auxiliary kriging becomes independent of the dimension. Therefore, the modeling efficiency can be improved significantly.

Findings
The performance of the proposed method is studied with analytic problems ranging from 10D to 50D and an 18D aerodynamic airfoil example. It is further compared with two efficient GEK modeling methods. The empirical experiments show that the proposed model can significantly improve the modeling efficiency without sacrificing accuracy compared with other efficient modeling methods.

Originality/value
This paper developed an efficient modeling strategy for GEK and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in modeling high-dimension problems.