bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High density lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits
and lasers
Authors: Li Zihan , Wang Rui Ning , Lihachev Grigory , Tan Zelin , Snigirev Viacheslav , Churaev Mikhail , Kuznetsov Nikolai , Siddharth Anat , Bereyhi Mohammad , Riemensberger Johann , Kippenberg Tobias 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Photonic integrated circuits are indispensable for data transmission within modern datacenters and pervade into multiple application spheres traditionally limited for bulk optics, such as LiDAR and biosensing1. New applications and higher performance are enabled by the diversification of optical waveguide materials past silicon-on-insulator. Of particular interest are ferroelectrics such as Lithium Niobate, which exhibit a large electro-optical Pockels effect enabling ultrafast and efficient modulation, but are difficult to process via dry etching2. For this reason, etching tightly confining waveguides - routinely achieved in silicon or silicon nitride - has not been possible. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) was discovered in the 1950s 3 and is a material that exhibits an amorphous phase, excellent hardness, and the ability to be deposited in nano-metric thin films. Its use today is pervasive, ranging from applications for hard disk surfaces 4 and medical devices 5 to low friction coatings for automotive components 6. It has excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties, making it an ideal protective coating. Here we demonstrate that DLC is also a superior material for the manufacturing of next-generation photonic integrated circuits based on ferroelectrics, specifically Lithium Niobate on insulator (LNOI). Using DLC as a hard mask, we demonstrate the fabrication of deeply etched, tightly confining, low loss photonic integrated circuits with losses as low as 4 dB/m and Q-factor as high as 10 · 106. In contrast to widely employed ridge waveguides 7,8, this approach benefits from a more than 1 order of magnitude higher area integration density while maintaining efficient electro-optical modulation, low loss, and offering a route for efficient optical fiber interfaces. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a frequency agile hybrid integrated III-V Lithium Niobate based laser with sub-kHz linewidth and tuning rate of 0.7 Peta-Hertz per second with excellent linearity and CMOS-compatible driving voltage. Our approach can herald a new generation of high density ferroelectric photonic integrated circuits, in particular for applications in coherent laser based ranging 9 and beamforming 10, optical communications 7, and classical 11 and quantum computing networks 12.
Respiratory support with nasal high flow without supplemental oxygen in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography under moderate sedation: a prospective, randomized, single-center clinical trial
Authors: Sawase Hironori , Ozawa Eisuke , Yano Hiroshi , Ichinomiya Taiga , Yano Rintaro , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Komatsu Naohiro , Ayuse Takao , Kurata Shinji , Sato Shuntaro , Pinkham Maximilian Ichabod , Tatkov Stanislav , Ashizawa Kazuto , Nagata Kazuyoshi , Nakao Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Nasal high flow (NHF) may reduce hypoxia and hypercapnia during an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure under sedation. The authors tested a hypothesis that NHF with room air during ERCP may prevent intraoperative hypercapnia and hypoxemia.
METHODS:
In the prospective, open-label, single-center, clinical trial, 75 patients undergoing ERCP performed with moderate sedation were randomized to receive NHF with room air (40 to 60 L/min, n = 37) or low-flow O2 via a nasal cannula (1 to 2 L/min, n = 38) during the procedure. Transcutaneous CO2, peripheral arterial O2 saturation, a dose of administered sedative and analgesics were measured.
RESULTS:
The primary outcome was the mean time-weighted total PtcCO2 of 47.2 mmHg in the NHF group and 48.2 mmHg in the LFO group, with no significant difference (-0.97, 95% CI -3.35 – 1.41, p = 0.421). In secondary outcome analysis, the duration of hypercapnia did not differ markedly between the two groups either [median (range) in the NHF group: 7 (0 – 99); median (range) in the LFO group: 14.5 (0 – 206); p = 0.313] and the occurrence of hypoxemia during an ERCP procedure under sedation was observed in 3 patients (8.1%) in the NHF group and 2 patients (5.3%) in the LFO group, with no significant difference (p = 0.674).
CONCLUSIONS:
Application of NHF with air did not reduce marked hypercapnia during ERCP under sedation relative to LFO. However, there was no significant difference in occurrence of hypoxemia between the two groups that indicates an improvement of gas exchanges by NHF.
Trial registration
jRCTs072190021 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs072190021)
The full date of first registration on jRCT: 26/08/2019
Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes of surgically treated Talus Fractures: A Cross-sectional Study of 38 patients in Iran
Authors: Sayyed-Hosseinian Sayyed-Hadi , Bagheri Farshid , Vahdatian Ali , Asadi Mahla , Shirazinia Matin , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad-Hosien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Talus fracture is often associated with debilitating complications, including osteonecrosis, non-union, malunion, and osteoarthritis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of different types of surgically treated talus fractures and factors affecting outcomes. A total of 38 patients with talus fractures from April 2014 to April 2019 were included. Radiological evaluations, including standard ankle radiographs and ankle CT scans, were performed pre-and post-operatively to assess union, malunion, osteonecrosis, and osteoarthritis of adjacent joints. Functional evaluation was performed using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), visual analogue scale (VAS), and Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) questionnaires. Talar fractures included talar neck (52.6%), talar body (28.9%), body fractures extend to neck (15.7%), lateral and posterior process fracture (2.6%). Osteoarthritis was the most common complication (52.6%), followed by osteonecrosis (47.3%). The mean AOFAS, MOXFQ, and VAS scores were 60.3 (SD=+/-18.6), 67.6 (SD=+/-20.7), and 4.9 (SD=+/-2.1), respectively. There was no significant difference in VAS, MOXFQ, and AOFAS scores between different types of talar fractures (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between the time of surgery and the rate of osteonecrosis (p > 0.05). In conclusion, talus fracture was associated with many complications that adversely affected the clinical outcome of the patients. Delay in surgical fixation did not appear to affect the outcome or prevalence of osteonecrosis. Level of Clinical Evidence (LOCE):4
Nondestructive inspection of surface nanostructuring using label-free optical super-resolution imaging
Authors: Aguilar Alberto , Khalil Alain Abou , Aldeiturriaga David Pallares , Sedao Xxx , Mauclair Cyril , Bon Pierre 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ultrafast laser processing can induce surface nanostructurating (SNS) in most materials with dimensions close to the irradiation laser wavelength. In-situ SNS characterization could be key for laser parameter’s fine-tuning, essential for the generation of complex and/or hybrid nanostructures. Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) created in the ultra-violet (UV) range generate the most fascinating effects. They are however highly challenging to characterize in a non-destructive manner since their dimensions can be as small as 100 nm. Conventional optical imaging methods are indeed limited by diffraction to a resolution of ≈ 150 nm. Although optical super-resolution techniques can go beyond the diffraction limit, which in theory allows the visualization of LIPSS, most super-resolution methods require the presence of small probes (such as fluorophores) which modifies the sample and is usually incompatible with a direct surface inspection. In this paper, we demonstrate that a modified label-free Confocal Reflectance Microscope (CRM) in a photon reassignment regime (also called re-scan microscopy) can detect sub-diffraction limit LIPSS. SNS generated on a titanium sample irradiated with a λ=257 nm femtosecond UV-laser were characterized with nanostructuring period ranging from 105 nm to 172 nm. Our label-free, non-destructive optical surface inspection was done at 180μm²/s, and the results are compared with commercial SEM showing the metrological efficiency of our approach.
Recent European drying and its link to prevailing large-scale atmospheric patterns
Authors: Bakke Sigrid Jørgensen , Ionita Monica , Tallaksen Lena Merete 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The extreme 2018 and 2022 droughts pose as recent examples of a series of drought events that have hit Europe over the last decades with wide ranging social, environmental and economic impacts. In this study, we investigated the relation between changes in large-scale atmospheric patterns and meteorological drought, as indicated by the geopotential height at 500mb (Z500) and the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), respectively. Calculations were done separately for four climate regions (North, West, Central-East and Mediterranean) over the growing season (March-September). Coherent patterns of significant changes towards higher pressure (increasing Z500) and drier conditions (decreasing SPEI) are found over West in spring and Central-East in summer. Z500 and SPEI are strongly linked, reflected by both significant (at 1% level) correlations and high co-occurrences (69–96%) between meteorological drought and high-pressure anomaly occurrences. North shows the most heterogeneous trend patterns and weakest links, but constitutes a hotspot of significant increasing Z500 in September. Finally, we performed an ensemble-based, European wide analysis of future Z500 based on CMIP6 low-end (SSP126) and high-end (SSP585) emission scenarios. Due to the limitations of the model ensemble to represent the spatial heterogeneity in historical Z500 variability and trends, projected changes in large-scale circulation, and associated meteorological droughts, are highly uncertain. According to the projected changes, anomalously high-pressure systems will be the new normal regardless of scenario, and well exceeding the 2018 and 2022 levels in the case of the high-end emission scenario.
TPL-2 regulates inflammation in ulcerative colitis through activating JNK/ERK pathway
Authors: Cui Xiao ting , Dong Ning-Ning , Zhao Cuijuan , Chen Ji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the roles of Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2)on regulating the inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
Methods: Colonic biopsies, serum samples and demographic features were collected from healthy volunteers and UC patients. Subsequently, HE staining were taken to evaluate the degree of intestinal mucosal damage and inflammation from 10 patients. The expression levels of TPL2, iNOS and COX2 was examined by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Quantitative Real Time PCR was performed to detect the production of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18. Additionally, the expression of TPL2 was knocked down by siRNA to further explore its role in inflammation regulation in vitro. The expression of p-JNK, JNK, p-ERK and ERK was also detected by western blot to demonstrate the mechanisms of TPL2.
Results: There was no significant difference in gender, and age of disease between the controls and UC groups. Histological damage scores and inflammation scores with statistically difference demonstrated a gradient increase in patients with mild and severe UC compared to control group. Furthermore, Western blot assay and qRT-PCR showed no substantial difference in TPL2 expression between patients with mild UC and controls, while it was significantly upregulated in severe UC patients. Meanwhile, the expression of iNOS and COX2 was not remarkably different from the normal controls, whereas it was significantly upregulated in severe UC patients. We further revealed that the JNK/ERK pathway was activated by up regulation of TPL-2.
Conclusions: TPL2 significantly upregulates the inflammation in UC patients, which has regulatory effects on iNOS and COX2 through the ERK and JNK pathways. These results suggest that TPL2 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of UC.
A fast water slide layout approach using smooth surfaces, Saint Venant’s stationary water-streamline and passenger sliding interaction - Theory, implementation and validation
Authors: Stepken Alina , Kecskeméthy Andrés , Flores Francisco Geu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Water slide manufacturers are constantly searching for innovative designs that maximize the rider’s fun while complying with safety requirements. However, the current state-of-the-art does not offer any simulation tool capable of aiding the design phase before manufacture in an affordable computational time. This paper presents a novel approach using smooth surface models together with Saint Venant’s filament theory to predict the water channel and by this a realistic estimation of passenger - waterslide interaction. The model is applied to circular slide cross sections but can be extended to general surfaces. The paper covers the theory and the experimental validation. It is shown that the predicted water channel follows very well the measurement, and that the Saint Venant’s terms taking into consideration water channel heights and deformation of water cross-section play a marginal role and thus can be neglected, allowing one to use a simple Bernoulli filament model with proper water slide friction parameters. On the other hand, parameter identification of fluid-surface friction shows that three terms must be considered: a static one, a curvature-dependent correction, and a third correction factor for changes from low to large curvature (splashing effect). The results are also compared with fluid simulations using OpenFOAM. It is shown that the results of the simple model are not less accurate than the fluid-dynamics model, while needing only 1/100.000 of the computational time. The paper shows also the passenger/slide interaction by a multibody model including contact and passenger/fluid interactions. It is shown that the interaction between the passenger and the water is significant for correct reproduction of real motion, showing that the water channel is relevant for computer-based water slide layouts. As the water channel parameters can be sufficiently modeled by Bernoulli’s filament theory, the approach is independent of the slide cross section and thus extendable to general cases. Also, as the computations run at 7/10 of real time, they can be used for online optimizations and passenger-specific actions on site.
Valvular cardiomyopathy in aortic valve regurgitation correlates with myocardial fibrosis
Authors: Petersen Johannes , Iqbal Shahria , Gedeon Naomi , Kloth Benjamin , Pecha Simon , Yildirim Yalin , Eschenhagen Thomas , Reichenspurner Hermann , Christ Torsten , Girdauskas Evaldas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
At the tissue level, disruption of the extracellular matrix network leads to irreversible cardiac fibrosis, which contributes to myocardial dysfunction. At the myocyte level, downregulation of beta-adrenoceptors (beta-AR) reduces adapation to increased workload. The aim of our study was to analyse the correlation between myocardial fibrosis and beta-AR sensitivity in patients with aortic valve (AV) disease.
Methods
A total of 92 consecutive patients who underwent elective AV surgery between 2017-2019 were included in our study (51 with aortic regurgitation(AR-group);41 with aortic stenosis(AS-group) and left ventricular (LV) biopsies were obtained intraoperatively. In-vitro force contractility testing was performed by measuring beta-AR sensitivity (–log EC50[ISO]). In parallel, quantitative analysis of myocardial fibrosis burden was performed.
Results
Mean age at the time of AV surgery was not statistically different in both groups (AR:53.3±15.3 years vs. AS:58.7±17.0 years;p=0.116). LV end-diastolic diameter was significantly enlarged in AR compared to AS-group (59.4±15.6 vs 39.7±21.2;p<0.001). Analysis of beta-AR sensitivity (AR:-6.769 vs. AS:-6.659;p=0.316) and myocardial fibrosis (AR:8.9% vs AS:11.3%;p=0.284) showed no significant differences between patients with AS and AR. There was no correlation between myocardial fibrosis and beta-AR sensitivity in the whole study cohort (R=0.1987;p=0.100) and in the AS-subgroup (R=0.009;p=0.960). However, significant correlation of fibrosis and beta-AR sensitivity was seen in AR-patients (R=0.363;p=0.023).
Conclusion
More severe myocardial fibrosis was associated with reduced beta-AR sensitivity in patients presenting with AR but not with AS. Therefore, our results suggest that in patients with AR, cellular myocardial dysfunction is present and correlates with the extent of myocardial fibrosis in the myocardium.
Research- vs. government-driven physical activity policy monitoring: a systematic review across different levels of government
Authors: Messing Sven , Tcymbal Antonina , Abu-Omar Karim , Gelius Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Even though the importance of physical activity policy monitoring has increased in the last decade, there is a lack of understanding what different approaches exist and which methodology they employ. In order to address this research gap, this review attempts to map existing approaches of physical activity policy monitoring and to analyse methodological aspects, especially with regards to the roles of governments and researchers.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in five scientific databases, using the terms “physical activity”, “policy” and “monitoring” and their variations. In total, 12.963 studies were identified and, after the elimination of duplicates, screened independently by two reviewers. During full text analysis, information on methodological aspects was extracted and studies were categorized based on the level of government involvement.
Results: The search yielded in a total of 112 studies. More than three quarters of these studies followed a research-driven approach (little or no government involvement) while only two studies were based on a government-driven approach (led by governments). The remaining studies were based on a co-production approach (strong collaboration between researchers and governments). All in all, 18 different tools for physical activity policy monitoring were identified; key examples are the Report Cards on Physical Activity for Children and Youth (research-driven approach), the HEPA Monitoring Framework (government-driven approach) and the HEPA Policy Audit Tool (co-production approach).
Conclusions: The level of government involvement in policy monitoring differs significantly, and research-driven, government-driven and co-production approaches can be distinguished. These approaches have different strengths and weaknesses, and can be linked to distinct theories of change and models on research-policy relations. Increasing awareness on the implications of these approaches is key to improve the understanding and further development of physical activity policy monitoring.
WITHDRAWN: Noninterference patterns evolving to interference patterns --- Universal phenomena in wave experiments
Authors: Peng Hui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Young’s double slit (and Arago spot) experiments revived the wave theory of light. In this article, we postulate and confirm the precise rule of convex lenses. We propose a new method to study the evolution of the patterns of single slit, double slit, triple slit, cross-double slit, ring, 1D-grating and 2D-grating experiments. The experiments show, for the first time, the novel universal phenomena: (1) Within a certain macroscopic distance from the diaphragm, light behaves as photons and produces a noninterference pattern, while at the far field, the photons produce an interference pattern; (2) The noninterference pattern evolves to the interference pattern gradually in the same experiment. The experiments provide profound phenomena/data for further theoretical development of optics and for understanding the nature of light. We suggest that a complete theory should be able to simultaneously interpret the noninterference pattern, the interference pattern, and the evolution from one pattern to another.
The role of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in growth of cervical cancer cells
Authors: Willson Conner M , Lequio Marco , Zhu Ziwen , Wakefield Mark R. , Bai Qian , Fajardo Emerson , Xiao Huaping , Leung Samuel , Fang Yujiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: Recently developed vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus utilize endogenous production of the virus’ spike protein (SP), allowing the host to develop an immune response. As a result of the novelty of this virus and its vaccines, little is known overall about the potential effects of the SP on the pathogenesis of neoplasia, either from vaccination or from infection. This study was designed to investigate if SARS-CoV-2 SP has any direct effect on SiHa cervical cancer cells.
Methods: The effects of SARS-CoV-2 SP on cervical cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by using clonogenic cell survival assay, quick cell proliferation assay, and caspase-3 activity kits in a widely used cervical cancer cell line, SiHa. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were also performed to determine the potential molecular mechanisms.
Results: The growth and proliferation of SiHa cancer cells were inhibited by SARS-CoV-2 SP. SARS-CoV-2 SP also induced apoptosis in SiHa cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effect of SARS-CoV-2 SP on SiHa cancer cells was associated with the upregulation of the anti-proliferative molecule p53. The pro-apoptotic effect of SARS-CoV-2 SP on SiHa cells was associated with the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic molecule TRAIL.
Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 SP inhibits the growth of cervical cancer via upregulation of p53 and TRAIL. Further studies are needed to elaborate on the potential effects of the SARS-CoV-2 SP on other cancer cell lines and other normal physiological cell lines to compare.
Ligating the varicose vein trunk for colostomy variceal hemorrhage: a case report
Authors: Sun Jialiang , Tan Zhanhai , Chen Jianrong , Zhang Jifa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Among the complications related to colostomy, variceal hemorrhage caused by cirrhosis is a rare case. The occurrence of peristome variceal hemorrhage should be rapid and effective treatment, otherwise it will result in hemorrhagic shock, repeated stoma bleeding, systemic organs deterioration and other adverse events.
Case presentation: In this case of liver cirrhosis, Stoma varices and repeated bleeding due to decompensated cirrhosis was performed by local compression and suture therapy but failed with rebleeding. Being combined with abdominal enhanced CT images，Stoma varices are derived from the branch of inferior mesenteric vein, whose above trunk is located and highly ligated and vein balls are stripped. Meanwhile, the Stoma below abdominal wall varicose veins is sutured by intracutaneous way, which could achieve satisfactory hemostasis in intra-operation. Abdominal enhanced CT images prompted that peristome varicose veins are disappeared. The skin around the stoma is flat and the mucosa is ruddy when changing the bag in post-operation.
Conclusion: The report that our team reduced the risk of peristomal variceal bleeding by blocking the main variceal vein through a small incision under local anesthesia may open up another treatment strategy for such patients.