bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori eradication rates using clarithromycin and levofloxacin-based regimens in patients with previous COVID-19 treatment: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Ghazy Ramy Mohamed , Sherief Dalia , Ismail Aliaa , Ellakany Walid Ismail 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is affecting half of the globe. It is considered a main causative organism of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and different gastric maliganacies. It has been also correlated to extraintestinal diseases, including refractory iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The misuse of antibiotics during the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic time can affect H. pylori eradication rates. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of clarithromycin versus levofloxacin-based regimens for H. pylori treatment in naïve patients after the COVID-19 pandemic misuse of antibiotics.

Methods
A total of 270 naïve H. pylori infected patients with previous treatment for COVID-19 more than 3 months before enrolment were recruited. Patients were randomized to receive either clarithromycin, esomeprazole, and amoxicillin, or levofloxacin, esomeprazole, and amoxicillin.

Results
A total of 270 naïve H. pylori infected patients with previous treatment for COVID-19 more than 3 months before enrolment were included, 135 in each arm. In total, 19 patients in the clarithromycin group and 18 patients in the levofloxacin group stopped treatment after 2–4 days because of side effects or were lost for follow-up. Finally, 116 subjects in the clarithromycin group and 117 in the levofloxacin group were assessed. The eradication rates in intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses were: group I, 55.56% and 64.66%; and Group II, 64.44% and 74.36% respectively (p = 0.11).

Conclusion
As COVID-19 pandemic has moved forward fast, high resistance rates of H. pylori to both clarithromycin and levofloxacin were developed after less than two years from the start of the pandemic. Molecular & genetic testing is highly recommended to identify antimicrobial resistance patterns. Strategies to prevent antibiotic misuse in the treatment of COVID-19 are needed to prevent more antibiotic resistance.
Trial Registration: The trial was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05035186. Date of registration is 2-09-2021.
The risk of acute and early HIV (AEH) infection among MSM with different behaviour trajectories: an open cohort study in Tianjin, China, 2011–2019
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Zhang Tiantian , Chang Qinxue , Wang Chun , Wang Keyun , Yu Zeyang , Zhang Honglu , Huang Huijie , Song Desheng , Peixoto Elissa , Yang Jie , Li Changping , Cui Zhuang , Liu Yuanyuan , Ma Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcute and early HIV (AEH) infection is characterized by a high viral load and infectivity. Approximately 50% of cases of HIV-1 transmission occur during AEH. Understanding sexual behaviour trajectories would be useful for predicting changes in the risk of HIV acquisition. However, few studies have investigated sexual behaviour trajectories and their association with AEH acquisition. This study identified behaviour trajectories among men who have sex with men (MSM), determined the risk of AEH infection, and compared risk factors between different behaviour trajectories.MethodsThe study was based on an ongoing prospective open cohort of voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VHCT) among MSM in Tianjin, China. From 2011 to 2019, 1974 MSM were recruited. Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) was used to identify behaviour trajectories by constructing a sexual risk behaviour score. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE) were used to compare the risk of AEH infection and risk factors for different behaviour trajectories. All data analyses were performed using SAS 9.4.ResultsThe incidence of AEH infection was 1.76/100 person-years, with 64 AEH infections documented in 3633 person-years of follow-up. Three sexual behaviour trajectories were identified: CL (consistently low risk, 35.46%), CH (consistently high risk, 42.71%) and HTL (high to low risk, 21.83%). MSM in the HTL and CH groups had higher AEH infection rates than MSM in the CL group (6.73%, 3.08% and 1.28%, respectively), with ORs of 5.54 (2.60, 11.82) and 2.44 (1.14, 5.25), respectively. MSM aged 30–50 years old and MSM who underwent HIV testing in the last year were more likely to be in the CH group and HTL group. In addition, the HTL group was characterized by a lower likelihood of local registration and a higher likelihood of working as a MSW.ConclusionMSM in the CH group and the HTL group had a higher risk of AEH infection. In the future, VHCT should be performed more often among younger MSM, and HIV counselling should be given the same priority as HIV testing. In addition, VHCT combined with PrEP may have a better preventive impact on MSM with a high risk of AEH infection.
Value of CEUS features in diagnosing thyroid nodules with halo sign on B-mode ultrasound
Authors: Chen Xue-jun , Huang Lin-jin , Mao Feng , Yuan Hai-xia , Wang Xi , Lu Qing , Dong Cai-hong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The results of halo sign in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules were conflicting, and the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in characterization of thyroid nodules with halo has not been fully evaluated. This study was therefore designed to investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound features in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules with halo sign on B-mode ultrasound.

Material and methods
Seventy-four consecutive thyroid nodules with halo sign on B-mode ultrasound were pathologically confirmed by surgery or fine needle aspiration, including 43 benign and 31 malignant lesions. All these lesions underwent pre-operative CEUS examination. The CEUS features, including enhanced time, enhanced intensity and homogeneity, and presence of enhancing ring, were compared between benign and malignant ones.

Results
Enhanced intensity was significant different between benign and malignant lesions with halo. Hypo-enhancement was more frequently detected in malignant nodules than that in benign ones, compared with iso-enhancement and hyper-enhancement (p = 0.013, and = 0.014, respectively). Detection rate of high-enhancing ring was significantly higher in benign nodules than that in malignant group (p = 0.001). While in nodules > 10 mm, only high-enhancing ring was the distinguishing feature between benign and malignant nodules.

Conclusions
Enhanced intensity and high-enhancing ring may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules with halo sign on B-mode ultrasound.
IRF2BPL gene variants with dystonia: one new Chinese case report
Authors: Yang Fei , Li Hui , Dai Yi , Zhang Ran , Zhang Jiang-tao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The carriers of damaging heterozygous variants in interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein-like (IRF2BPL), encoding a member of the IRF2BP family of transcriptional regulators, may be affected by a variety of neurological symptoms, such as neurodevelopmental regression, language and motor developmental delay, seizures, progressive ataxia and a lack of coordination, and even dystonia.

Case presentation
We report a Chinese boy who presented with dystonia, dysarthria, and normal development due to nonsense IRF2BPL mutation, with intact imaging and EEG findings but without developmental delays or seizures. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense variant IRF2BPL (NM_024496) Exon C.562C > T (p.Arg188*).

Conclusion
This case report presents a Chinese boy with a novel nonsense variant in IRF2BPL, displaying rapid progressive dystonia and dysarthria, without early developmental delay or epilepsy; expands the IRF2BPL phenotypes in the Chinese population; and raises awareness of patients with IRF2BPL.
Cross-sectional study of the proportion of antibiotic use during childbirth in full-term deliveries in Finland
Authors: Gardemeister Susanna , Skogberg Kirsi , Saisto Terhi , Salonen Anne , de Vos Willem M. , Korpela Katri , Kolho Kaija-Leena 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In developed countries, data on the frequency of antibiotics given to mothers during childbirth are limited beyond the overall effect of all various prophylactic indications. Also, data on the impact of such antibiotics to the well-being of term babies are scarce. We aimed to characterize the frequency of antibiotic use during childbirth of term pregnancy. Secondly, we assessed whether the use of antibiotics was associated with any symptoms in infants.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 1019 term deliveries of women participating in the prospective Health and Early Life Microbiota (HELMi) birth cohort study between March 2016 and March 2018 in the capital region of Finland. The data on antibiotic use were collected from the hospital records.

Results
In total, 37% of the mothers received antibiotics during childbirth and 100% in Caesarean Sects. (17% of the deliveries). Less than 5% of antibiotics were non-prophylactic. In vaginal deliveries, the most common indication (18%) was prophylaxis for Group B Streptococcus. The most frequently used antibiotics were cefuroxime (22%) and benzylpenicillin (15%), and 56% received only one dose. In infants exposed to antibiotics during delivery, defecation frequency was higher during the first months (p-value < 0.0001- 0.0145), and weight gain was higher at the age of three months (p-value 0.0371).

Conclusion
More than every third new-born in a developed country is exposed to antibiotics during birth. Our findings support the hypothesis that maternal antibiotics given during birth have an impact on the well-being of the infants. These findings should inform current policies for prophylactic antibiotics in childbirth.
Uterine torsion complicated by severe placental abruption in the second trimester: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Shuhua , Zhou Linlin , Song Bing , Liu Dehong , Zheng Chenmin , Wu Xiumei , Wei Zhaolian , Chen Xianxia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Uterine torsion is a rare obstetric event that can occur during pregnancy and is difficult to diagnose. Its occurrence may lead to serious adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Case introduction
The patient was a 33-year-old woman at 30+ 5 weeks’ gestation with a singleton pregnancy. The pregnancy course, including fetal growth, and prenatal examinations were regular. Except for a small amount of vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy and treatment with progesterone, there were no prenatal abnormalities, and the patient denied any trauma or sexual history. The patient was admitted to the emergency department with persistent severe pain in the lower abdomen and slight vaginal bleeding during night sleep. Abdominal pain started two hours prior to admission and was accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Examination revealed positive abdominal tenderness, high uterine tone, and no significant intermittent period of uterine contractions, and measurement of the fetal heart rate by means of the nonstress test revealed a rate of 60 beats per minute. Therefore, placental abruption was highly suspected. Subsequently, an emergency cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia. The newborn boy, with Apgar scores of 0–3-4 after birth and weighing 1880 g, was transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and died two days later due to ineffective rescue. After the uterine incision was sutured, the examination revealed that the uterine incision was located on the posterior wall of the uterus, and the uterus was twisted 180° to the right. The diagnosis after cesarean section was 180° uterine torsion to the right, severe placental abruption, and severe neonatal asphyxia. On the fifth day after surgery, the patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital.

Conclusions
Posterior uterine incision cesarean section may be performed in unexpected circumstances and is also feasible as a safe option for resetting if torsion is not complete. Abdominal pain during pregnancy is less likely to be diagnosed as uterine torsion, which often leads to premature birth, fetal asphyxia, placental abruption, and even perinatal death. Therefore, for abdominal pain during pregnancy, obstetricians should consider the possibility of uterine torsion.
Efforts and expectations of pregnant women against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a phenomenological study
Authors: Dewi Arlina , Safaria Triantoro , Supriyatiningsih Supriyatiningsih , Dewi Dyah Tri Kusuma 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 is a global threat that directly impacts people’s mental health and physical well-being. This study explored the efforts and expectations of pregnant women against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This study was a qualitative study that used a phenomenological approach. The informants of this study were pregnant women (n = 20). Data analysis used content analysis with software assistance (Nvivo Release 1.5).

Results
The results of this study identified three themes which were: 1) causative factors of pregnant women’s anxiety regarding the impact of COVID-19 including lack of knowledge regarding the impact of the COVID-19 virus and perceived susceptibility; 2) Efforts to reduce anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic including a spiritual approach, the role of family and COVID-19 prevention; and 3) Expectation regarding healthcare services during COVID-19 including virtual based Antenatal Care (ANC) Services and Private ANC Services.

Conclusion
A spiritual approach, the role of family, and COVID-19 prevention will help pregnant women reduce their anxiety about being infected with the COVID-19 virus. Furthermore, virtual-based ANC Services, and private ANC services, such as home visits and dividing ANC services and general services into two different tracks as a protective mechanism from being infected with the COVID-19 virus, would assist pregnant women feel safer and secure.
Management and outcomes of adolescent and young adult sarcoma patients: results from the French nationwide database NETSARC
Authors: Kubicek Pierre , Cesne Axel Le , Lervat Cyril , Toulmonde Maud , Chevreau Christine , Duffaud Florence , Le Nail Louis-Romée , Morelle Magali , Gaspar Nathalie , Vérité Cécile , Castex Marie-Pierre , Penel Nicolas , Saada Esma , Causeret Sylvain , Bertucci François , Perrin Christophe , Bompas Emmanuelle , Orbach Daniel , Laurence Valérie , Piperno-Neumann Sophie , Anract Philippe , Rios Maria , Gentet Jean-Claude , Mascard Éric , Pannier Stéphanie , Blouin Pascale , Carrère Sébastien , Chaigneau Loïc , Soibinet-Oudot Pauline , Corradini Nadège , Boudou-Rouquette Pascaline , Ruzic Jean-Christophe , Lebrun-Ly Valérie , Dubray-Longeras Pascale , Varatharajah Sharmini , Lebbe Céleste , Ropars Mickaël , Kurtz Jean-Emmanuel , Guillemet Cécile , Lotz Jean-Pierre , Berchoud Juliane , Cherrier Grégory , Ducimetière Françoise , Chemin Claire , Italiano Antoine , Honoré Charles , Desandes Emmanuel , Blay Jean-Yves , Gouin François , Marec-Bérard Perrine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The initial management of patients with sarcoma is a critical issue. We used the nationwide French National Cancer Institute-funded prospective sarcoma database NETSARC to report the management and oncologic outcomes in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) patients with sarcoma at the national level.

Patients and methods
NETSARC database gathers regularly monitored and updated data from patients with sarcoma. NETSARC was queried for patients (15–30 years) with sarcoma diagnosed from 2010 to 2017 for whom tumor resection had been performed. We reported management, locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in AYA treated in French reference sarcoma centers (RSC) and outside RSC (non-RSC) and conducted multivariable survival analyses adjusted for classical prognostic factors.

Results
Among 3,227 patients aged 15–30 years with sarcoma diagnosed between 2010 and 2017, the study included 2,227 patients with surgery data available, among whom 1,290 AYAs had been operated in RSC, and 937 AYAs in non-RSC. Significant differences in compliance to guidelines were observed including pre-treatment biopsy (RSC: 85.9%; non-RSC 48.1%), pre-treatment imaging (RSC: 86.8%; non-RSC: 56.5%) and R0 margins (RSC 57.6%; non-RSC: 20.2%) (p < 0.001). 3y-OS rates were 81.1% (95%CI 78.3–83.6) in AYA in RSC and 82.7% (95%CI 79.4–85.5) in AYA in non-RSC, respectively. Whereas no significant differences in OS was observed in AYAs treated in RSC and in non-RSC, LRFS and PFS were improved in AYAs treated in RSC compared to AYAs treated in non-RSC (Hazard Ratios (HR): 0.58 and 0.83, respectively).

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance for AYA patients with sarcoma to be managed in national sarcoma reference centers involving multidisciplinary medical teams with paediatric and adult oncologists.
Therapeutic principles and unmet needs in the treatment of cough in pediatric patients: review and expert survey
Authors: Vogelberg Christian , Cuevas Schacht Francisco , Watling Christopher P. , Upstone Laura , Seifert Georg 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
There are evidence gaps in the management of pediatric cough, particularly for acute pediatric cough. This study had two aims: to identify therapeutic principles and unmet needs in the treatment of cough in pediatric patients (internationally), and to consider the evidence required to address these unmet needs.

Methods
A MEDLINE/PubMed database search was performed to identify articles describing therapeutic principles in the treatment of pediatric cough. An online survey of international pediatric cough experts was conducted, with questions on the definitions, diagnosis, treatment, and unmet needs in pediatric cough management.

Results
Cough guidelines have differing definitions of pediatric patients (≤12–18 years), acute pediatric cough (< 2–3 weeks), and chronic pediatric cough (> 4–8 weeks). Similarly, among 18 experts surveyed, definitions varied for pediatric patients (≤10–21 years), acute pediatric cough (< 3–5 days to < 6 weeks), and chronic pediatric cough (> 2–8 weeks). Guidelines generally do not recommend over-the-counter or prescription cough medicines in acute pediatric cough, due to lack of evidence. In the expert survey, participants had differing opinions on which medicines were most suitable for treating acute pediatric cough, and noted that effective treatments are lacking for cough-related pain and sleep disruption. Overall, guidelines and experts agreed that chronic pediatric cough requires diagnostic investigations to identify the underlying cough-causing disease and thereby to guide treatment. There are unmet needs for new effective and safe treatments for acute pediatric cough, and for randomized controlled trials of existing treatments. Safety is a particular concern in this vulnerable patient population. There is also a need for better understanding of the causes, phenotypes, and prevalence of pediatric cough, and how this relates to its diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusions
Whereas pediatric cough guidelines largely align with regard to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough, there is limited evidence-based guidance for the management of acute cough. There is a need for harmonization of pediatric cough management, and the development of standard guidelines suitable for all regions and patient circumstances.
Risk factors and clinical outcomes of extubation failure in very early preterm infants: a single-center cohort study
Authors: Park Su Jeong , Bae Mi Hye , Jeong Mun Hui , Jeong Seong Hee , Lee NaRae , Byun Shin Yun , Park Kyung Hee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Early extubation success (ES) in preterm infants may reduce various mechanical ventilation-associated complications; however, extubation failure (EF) can cause adverse short- and long-term outcomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify differences in risk factors and clinical outcomes between ES and EF in very early preterm infants.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted between January 2017 and December 2021. Premature infants born at 32 weeks’ gestational age in whom extubation had failed at least once were assigned to the EF group. Successfully extubated patients with a similar gestational age and birth weight as those in the EF group were assigned to the ES group. EF was defined as the need for re-intubation within 120 h of extubation. Various variables were compared between groups.

Results
The EF rate in this study was 18.6% (24/129), and approximately 80% of patients with EF required re-intubation within 90.17 h. In the ES group, there was less use of inotropes within 7 days of life (12 [63.2%] vs. 22 [91.7%], p = 0.022), a lower respiratory severity score (RSS) at 1 and 4 weeks (1.72 vs. 2.5, p = 0.026; 1.73 vs. 2.92, p = 0.010), and a faster time to reach full feeding (18.7 vs. 29.7, p = 0.020). There was a higher severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia BPD (3 [15.8%] vs. 14 [58.3%], p = 0.018), longer duration of oxygen supply (66.5 vs. 92.9, p = 0.042), and higher corrected age at discharge (39.6 vs. 42.5, p = 0.043) in the EF group. The cutoff value, sensitivity, and specificity of the respiratory severity score (RSS) at 1 week were 1.98, 0.71, and 0.42, respectively, and the cutoff value, sensitivity, and specificity of RSS at 4 weeks were 2.22, 0.67, and 0.47, respectively.

Conclusions
EF caused adverse short-term outcomes such as a higher BPD severity and longer hospital stay. Therefore, extubation in very early preterm infants should be carefully evaluated. Using inotropes, feeding, and RSS at 1 week of age can help predict extubation success.