bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oryzalexin S biosynthesis: a cross-stitched disappearing pathway
Authors: Zhao Le , Oyagbenro Richard , Feng Yiling , Xu Meimei , Peters Reuben J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRice produces many diterpenoid phytoalexins and, reflecting the importance of these natural products in this important cereal crop plant, its genome contains three biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for such metabolism. The chromosome 4 BGC (c4BGC) is largely associated with momilactone production, in part due to the presence of the initiating syn-copalyl diphosphate (CPP) synthase gene (OsCPS4). Oryzalexin S is also derived from syn-CPP. However, the relevant subsequently acting syn-stemarene synthase gene (OsKSL8) is not located in the c4BGC. Production of oryzalexin S further requires hydroxylation at carbons 2 and 19 (C2 and C19), presumably catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases. Here it is reported the closely related CYP99A2 and CYP99A3, whose genes are also found in the c4BGC catalyze the necessary C19-hydroxylation, while the closely related CYP71Z21 and CYP71Z22, whose genes are found in the recently reported chromosome 7 BGC (c7BGC), catalyze subsequent hydroxylation at C2α. Thus, oryzalexin S biosynthesis utilizes two distinct BGCs, in a pathway cross-stitched together by OsKSL8. Notably, in contrast to the widely conserved c4BGC, the c7BGC is subspecies (ssp.) specific, being prevalent in ssp. japonica and only rarely found in the other major ssp. indica. Moreover, while the closely related syn-stemodene synthase OsKSL11 was originally considered to be distinct from OsKSL8, it has now been reported to be a ssp. indica derived allele at the same genetic loci. Intriguingly, more detailed analysis indicates that OsKSL8(j) is being replaced by OsKSL11 (OsKSL8i), suggesting introgression from ssp. indica to (sub)tropical japonica, with concurrent disappearance of oryzalexin S production.
Assessment of toxic normal saturated hydrocarbons in the Arabian seawater and Omani freshwater samples using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Al Qamshouai Rayyan Hamed , Ahmed Aya Mohammed Amin , Alsaid Ayman Alsaid Ibrahim , Akhtar Mohammad Sohail , Al-Touby Salem Said Jaroof , Hossain Mohammad Amzad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe NHs contaminated water samples can cause several health problems such as skin irritation, acne, irregular breathing, lung irritation, cardiac arrest, itching, central nervous system (CNS), and cancer. Therefore, this current study aims to develop extraction and detection methods for normal hydrocarbons (NHs) in water samples with dichloromethane (DCM) and to detect and quantify the level of NHs in the seawater and freshwater samples by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Sixty-four water samples were collected from five different ports of Oman, including, Matrah, Al Mouj Marina, Salalah, Duqm, and Sohar ports, and one fresh water from Falaj Daris. The solvent–solvent extraction method was used to extract the NHs of seawater and freshwater sample with DCM. The DCM layer was passed through the silica gel column and evaporated DCM by using a rotary evaporator at low temperature and pressure. The samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The results showed that all collected seawater and freshwater samples contain NHs, but the concentration is below the detection limit. The water samples of those selected areas were not polluted by NHs toxicants. In conclusion, the low concentration of NHs could be due to the effective treatment of effluents discharged by industries, refineries, ships, and other marine vehicles. So far, it is the first report on extracting and detecting NHs in seawater and freshwater samples using LC/MS.
Healthcare Funding and Christian Ethics
Authors: Duckett Stephen 
Published: January 2023

Healthcare has an impact on everyone, and healthcare funding decisions shape how and what healthcare is provided. In this book, Stephen Duckett outlines a Christian, biblically grounded, ethical basis for how decisions about healthcare funding and priority-setting ought to be made. Taking a cue from the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37), Duckett articulates three ethical principles drawn from the story: compassion as a motivator; inclusivity, or social justice as to benefits; and responsible stewardship of the resources required to achieve the goals of treatment and prevention. These are principles, he argues, that should underpin a Christian ethic of healthcare funding. Duckett's book is a must for healthcare professionals and theologians struggling with moral questions about rationing in healthcare. It is also relevant to economists interested in the strengths and weaknesses of the application of their discipline to health policy.
Women in the Ancient Mediterranean World
Authors: Middleton Guy D. 
Published: January 2023

In this book, Guy D. Middleton explores the fascinating lives of thirty real women of the ancient Mediterranean from the Palaeolithic to the Byzantine era. They include queens and aristocrats, such as the Pharoah Hatshepsut and the Etruscan noblewoman Seianti; Eritha and Karpathia, Bronze Age priestesses from the Aegean; a Pompeiian prostitute called Eutychis; the pagan philosopher Hypatia and the Christian saint Perpetua, from North Africa, as well as women from smaller communities. Middleton uses a wide range of archaeological and historical evidence, including burials and funerary practices, graffiti, inscriptions and painted pottery, handprints, human remains and a variety of historical texts, as well as the latest modern research. His volume weaves together the stories of real women, placing them firmly in the spotlight of history. Engagingly written and up-to-date in its scholarship, Middleton's book offers new insights for students and researchers in Ancient History, Archaeology and Mediterranean Studies, as well as in Women's History.
Tail-shake risks assessment & mitigation by wind-tunnel tests on air-intake installation on a heavy-weight H/C configuration
Authors: Desvigne D. , Bichon V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, the key role of the upper-deck design including engine installation as a potential source of tail-shake is at focus. The work is based on a Wind-Tunnel Test (WTT) campaign performed at the Airbus Helicopters’ Marignane wind-tunnel facilities on a high-fidelity minibody fuselage at scale 1:3.5 representing a generic heavy-helicopter upper deck.Two different engine intake installations for a Power Unit (PU) have been investigated; in a first configuration, the air intake is implemented at the pylon-fairing trailing edge. The second configuration consists in positioning two air intakes on each side of the pylon fairing, close to the maximum cross-section location. Different measurement methods to evaluate aerodynamic interactions and wake sources are proposed: flow-separation assessments from surface oil flow visualisations, time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements and unsteady skin-pressure measurements at the cowlings. Tail-shake-related indicators are then proposed. Basically, a configuration that produces strong vortices characterised by a broadband spectral signature is believed to gather all the conditions for tail-shake to emerge.The flow over the clean configuration is first analysed for various combinations of angle-of-attack and sideslip, highlighting four different areas of flow separation at the cowlings. The complex flow topology around the upper deck is then assessed, which includes a spectral analysis of the flow in the PIV planes. The influence of the air intakes (operating or not) is then evaluated. When located at the pylon-fairing trailing edge and operating, the air intake has a spectacular impact on the flow-field topology. It is responsible for the generation of an intense broadband wake interacting with the pylon-fairing lip vortices, which is believed to be a potential source of tail-shake. The second air-intake configuration is also not favourable, as it requires enlarging the pylon fairing by 100mm, which causes an intense wake similarly to a blunt body. At last, a mitigation mean is proposed for the first configuration. It demonstrates a significant reduction of the wake intensity and broadband signature at the source.
Business and Human Rights in Russia: Emerging or Merging?
Authors: Rogerson Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe increasing focus on business and human rights (BHR) in civil society and policymaking has not been matched by research on corporate actions to respect and protect human rights. The lack of research on BHR is especially acute outside of Western Europe and Anglo-centric contexts. This paper seeks to investigate how the largest Russian firms conceptualize and fulfil their human rights obligations under the UN Guiding Principles and the extent to which internationalization of those firms may have impacted these behaviours. I use a unique dataset created from a sample made of the 100 largest firms listed on the Moscow Stock Exchange. Using the theoretical construct of institutional conflict, I find that cross-listing on other stock exchanges and the extent to which firms frame their broader social responsibility issues as ‘sustainability’ or ‘sustainable development’ rather than ‘corporate social responsibility’ has a substantial impact on firm attention to human rights. While this attention is encouraging, firm disclosure of actions taken to mitigate against violations and protect human rights is extremely limited and the strength of domestic institutional pressures has resulted in very little firm action in the face of the extreme and widespread human rights violations being committed in Ukraine by Russia.
Insights for modern invasion ecology from biotic changes of the Clarksville Phase of the Richmondian Invasion (Ordovician, Katian)
Authors: Forsythe Ian J. , Stigall Alycia L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe frequency of biotic invasions in modern ecosystems is increasing due to global trade moving taxa outside their native ranges and climate change facilitating establishment of taxa in previously inhospitable regions. Thus, developing a holistic understanding of biotic invasions and how they impact ecosystems over different timescales—from annual to geologic timescales—is vital. Herein we examine a geologically brief invasion event, the Clarksville Phase of the Richmondian Invasion. Prior analyses have established general ecological and evolutionary patterns across the entire Richmondian Invasion, but recent sequence stratigraphic refinement makes analysis of individual invasion pulses possible for the first time. We examine biotic change across the Clarksville Phase and identify invasion impacts on diversity, paleocommunity composition, and niche stability. Invader arrival and success was strongly linked to increased propagule pressure facilitated by sea-level changes. Invaders initially colonized deep subtidal environments and then moved offshore facilitated by rapid niche evolution during the invasion interval. Invasive taxa that attained the largest population sizes belonged to previously underutilized ecological guilds. Overall, the introduction of the invasive taxa resulted in increased diversity that was maintained into the postinvasion interval accompanied by a change in community composition in which the invaders became dominant paleocommunity members. Combined, these analyses document a biotic invasion facilitated by climate change that increased local diversity through invaders occupying underutilized ecospace and competition-related niche contraction on millennial timescales. Developing a long-term perspective to accompany shorter-term studies facilitates predicting the long-term impacts of modern invasions and creating better-informed policies and practices.
CEO Compensation Incentives and Playing It Safe: Evidence from FAS 123R
Authors: Carline Nicholas F. , Pryshchepa Oksana , Wang Bo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article uses FAS 123R regulation to examine how reduction in CEO compensation incentives affects managerial “playing it safe” behavior. Using proxies reflecting deliberate managerial efforts to change firm risk, difference-in-difference tests show that affected firms drastically reduce both systematic and idiosyncratic risks, leading to an 8% decline in total firm risk. These reductions in risk are achieved by shifting to safer, but low-Q, segments while closing the riskier ones, without significant changes in investment levels. Our findings suggest that decrease in risk-taking incentives provided by option compensation, when not compensated for by alternative incentives or governance mechanisms, exacerbates risk-related agency problem.
A novel dual-BJT avalanche pulse generator with mixer effect
Authors: Telli Emrah , Y׀ld׀r׀m Bahad׀r S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel, simple, and efficient pulse generation technique using BJTs in avalanche mode with mixer effect. The presented design is an improved version of the basic single transistor avalanche pulse generator, and it composes of two identical pulse generators that drive a common 50-Ω load resistor at the output. The output signal exhibits wider bandwidth and narrower pulsewidth, compared to the basic single transistor circuit. The presented pulse generator also provides increased power output without using any power amplifier, and can be used in ground-penetrating radar and ultra-wideband communication systems.
Type of Trauma Exposure Impacts Neural Reactivity to Errors
Authors: Jones Emily E. , Kreutzer Kayla A. , Manzler Charles A. , Evans Emily G. , Gorka Stephanie M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Studies suggest that individuals with a history of trauma exposure display abnormal reactivity to threat, though the pattern of findings across prior studies has been inconsistent. At least two factors likely contribute to previous discrepant findings: (1) the type of index trauma event and (2) the type of threat paradigm. Accordingly, the current study aimed to examine the impact of trauma type on a specific psychophysiological index of threat sensitivity – error negativity (Ne), also described as error-related negativity (ERN). Young adults were classified into three groups: lifetime history of interpersonal trauma (i.e., sexual assault, physical assault, or immediate family violence; n = 30), lifetime history of a non-interpersonal trauma (e.g., accidents, natural disasters; n = 30), or no lifetime history of trauma ( n = 64). All participants completed a well-validated flanker task designed to elicit the Ne/ERN during continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) data collection. Results indicated that individuals with non-interpersonal trauma exposure displayed reduced Ne/ERN amplitude compared with the other two groups (who did not differ from each other). Broadly, these findings highlight the importance of trauma type and theory suggesting different forms of trauma may result in different neurobiological profiles. These findings also add to a growing literature indicating that non-interpersonal traumas may be uniquely associated with blunted threat sensitivity and deficiencies in self-monitoring.
Limited Skill of Projected Land Precipitation by IPCC Models During 2002−2020
Authors: Hu Dan , Tian Zhiping , Lang Xianmei , Jiang Dabang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate models are widely used to project future climate changes and analyze underlying mechanisms. However, it remains unknown whether the earlier precipitation projections match the subsequent observations in recent decades, which is the scientific basis for the confidence of precipitation projections and associated impacts. Here, we find models in the Third (TAR), Fourth (AR4), and Fifth (AR5) Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) skillfully project the subsequent climatological changes in global mean land precipitation for 2002–2020, 2008–2020, and 2014–2020 (relative to 1980–1999 climatology) from several to 10 years ahead, respectively. Skillful regional projections are mainly found in the northern mid to high latitudes. IPCC models are less skillful in projecting subsequent changes in land precipitation at regional scales than at global scales, which is likely to be at least partly explained by the lower signal‐to‐noise ratio.
CircVPRBP inhibits nodal metastasis of cervical cancer by impeding RACK1 O-GlcNAcylation and stability
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Jiang Hongye , Yuan Li , Liao Yuandong , Liu Pan , Du Qiqiao , Pan Chaoyun , Liu Tianyu , Li Jie , Chen Yili , Huang Jiaming , Liang Yanchun , Xia Meng , Xu Manman , Qin Shuhang , Zou Qiaojian , Liu Yunyun , Huang Hua , Pan Yuwen , Li Jiaying , Liu Junxiu , Wang Wei , Yao Shuzhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLymph node (LN) metastasis is one of the most malignant clinical features in patients with cervical cancer (CCa). Understanding the mechanism of lymph node metastasis will provide treatment strategies for patients with CCa. Circular RNAs (circRNA) play a critical role in the development of human cancers. However, the role and mechanism of circRNAs in lymph node metastasis remain largely unknown. Here, it is reported that loss expression of circRNA circVPRBP was closely associated with LN metastasis and poor survival of CCa patients. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that circVPRBP overexpression notably inhibited lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis, whereas RfxCas13d mediated silencing of circVPRBP promoted lymphangiogenesis and the ability of the cervical cancer cells to metastasize to the LNs. Mechanistically, circVPRBP could bind to RACK1 and shield the S122 O-GlcNAcylation site to promote RACK1 degradation, resulting in inhibition of Galectin-1 mediated lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis in CCa. Taken together, the results demonstrate that circVPRBP is a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for LN metastasis in CCa patients.
Genetic trajectory and clonal evolution of multiple primary lung cancer with lymph node metastasis
Authors: Tian He , Wang Yalong , Yang Zhenlin , Chen Ping , Xu Jiachen , Tian Yanhua , Fan Tao , Xiao Chu , Bai Guangyu , Li Lin , Zheng Bo , Li Chunxiang , He Jie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) with lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a rare phenomenon of multifocal lung cancer. The genomic landscapes of MPLC and the clonal evolution pattern between primary lung lesions and lymph node metastasis haven’t been fully illustrated. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 52 FFPE (Formalin-fixed Paraffin-Embedded) samples from 11 patients diagnosed with MPLC with LNM. Genomic profiling and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to infer the evolutional trajectory within each patient. The top 5 most frequently mutated genes in our study were TTN (76.74%), MUC16 (62.79%), MUC19 (55.81%), FRG1 (46.51%), and NBPF20 (46.51%). For most patients in our study, a substantial of genetic alterations were mutually exclusive among the multiple pulmonary tumors of the same patient, suggesting their heterogenous origins. Individually, the genetic profile of lymph node metastatic lesions overlapped with that of multiple lung cancers in different degrees but are more genetically related to specific pulmonary lesions. SETD2 was a potential metastasis biomarker of MPLC. The mean putative neo-antigen number of the primary tumor (646.5) is higher than that of lymph node metastases (300, p = 0.2416). Primary lung tumors and lymph node metastases are highly heterogenous in immune repertoires. Our findings portrayed the comprehensive genomic landscape of MPLC with LNM. We characterized the genomic heterogeneity among different tumors. We offered novel clues to the clonal evolution between MPLC and their lymphatic metastases, thus advancing the treatment strategies and preventions of MPLC with LNM.
Time perception in astronauts on board the International Space Station
Authors: Navarro Morales Deborah C. , Kuldavletova Olga , Quarck Gaëlle , Denise Pierre , Clément Gilles 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe perceive the environment through an elaborate mental representation based on a constant integration of sensory inputs, knowledge, and expectations. Previous studies of astronauts on board the International Space Station have shown that the mental representation of space, such as the perception of object size, distance, and depth, is altered in orbit. Because the mental representations of space and time have some overlap in neural networks, we hypothesized that perception of time would also be affected by spaceflight. Ten astronauts were tested before, during, and after a 6–8-month spaceflight. Temporal tasks included judging when one minute had passed and how long it had been since the start of the workday, lunch, docking of a vehicle, and a spacewalk. Compared to pre-flight estimates, there is a relative overestimation for the 1-min interval during the flight and a relative underestimation of intervals of hours in duration. However, the astronauts quite accurately estimated the number of days since vehicle dockings and spacewalks. Prolonged isolation in confined areas, stress related to workload, and high-performance expectations are potential factors contributing to altered time perception of daily events. However, reduced vestibular stimulations and slower motions in weightlessness, as well as constant references to their timeline and work schedule could also account for the change in the estimation of time by the astronauts in space.
Transcriptomic response of bioengineered human cartilage to parabolic flight microgravity is sex-dependent
Authors: Aissiou A. K. , Jha S. , Dhunnoo K. , Ma Z. , Li D. X. , Ravin R. , Kunze M. , Wong K. , Adesida A. B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpaceflight and simulated spaceflight microgravity induced osteoarthritic-like alterations at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels in the articular and meniscal cartilages of rodents. But little is known about the effect of spaceflight or simulated spaceflight microgravity on the transcriptome of tissue-engineered cartilage developed from human cells. In this study, we investigate the effect of simulated spaceflight microgravity facilitated by parabolic flights on tissue-engineered cartilage developed from in vitro chondrogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells obtained from age-matched female and male donors. The successful induction of cartilage-like tissue was confirmed by the expression of well-demonstrated chondrogenic markers. Our bulk transcriptome data via RNA sequencing demonstrated that parabolic flight altered mostly fundamental biological processes, and the modulation of the transcriptome profile showed sex-dependent differences. The secretome profile analysis revealed that two genes (WNT7B and WNT9A) from the Wnt-signaling pathway, which is implicated in osteoarthritis development, were only up-regulated for female donors. The results of this study showed that the engineered cartilage tissues responded to microgravity in a sex-dependent manner, and the reported data offers a strong foundation to further explore the underlying mechanisms.