bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight trajectories and obesity remission among school-aged children
Authors: Foster Byron A. , Latour Emile , Lim Jeong Youn , Weinstein Kelsey 
Published: September 2023

Background
Many studies examining weight trajectories have used adiposity measures shown to be problematic for trajectory analysis in children with obesity, and remission of obesity remains poorly understood.

Objectives
To describe weight trajectories for school-aged children, the rate of obesity remission and factors associated.

Methods
Children between 6 and 11 years of age with ≥3 valid height and weight measurements from an Oregon hospital-system over a minimum six-month period were included. Percent distance from the median body mass index (BMI) was used for modeling. Latent class analysis and linear mixed models were used to classify children based on their weight trajectory.

Results
We included 11,247 subjects with a median of 2.1 years of follow-up, with 1,614 (14.4%) classified as overweight and 1,794 (16.0%) classified as obese. Of subjects with obesity, 1% experienced remission during follow-up, whereas 23% of those with overweight moved to within a healthy weight range. Latent class analysis identified three classes within each weight-based stratum over time. The majority of children with overweight or obesity had a flat trajectory over time. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with a worsening trajectory. Latent class models using alternate measures (BMI, BMI z-scores, tri-ponderal mass index (TMI)) differed substantially from each other.

Conclusions
Obesity remission was uncommon using the adiposity metric of distance from the median though transition from overweight to healthy weight was more common. Children with low socioeconomic status have worse trajectories overall. The choice of adiposity metric may have a substantial effect on the outcomes.
Developing a consensus of recovery from suicidal ideations and behaviours: A Delphi study with experts by experience
Authors: Ropaj Esmira , Haddock Gillian , Pratt Daniel 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundUnderstanding recovery in mental health has received significant attention and consequently, recovery has been incorporated into health policy across many countries in the Global North. In comparison, the concept of ‘recovery’ from suicidal thoughts and behaviours has received little attention. However, the few studies in this area appear to suggest that recovery is a complex and an idiosyncratic process with many contributing factors. This can present a challenge for clinicians and services seeking to become more recovery focused. Thus, it seems of importance to develop a consensus on how recovery from suicidal thoughts and behaviours is conceptualised.AimThe study aimed to use the Delphi design to establish a consensus of how recovery is defined by those with lived experience of suicidal thoughts and behaviours. The Delphi method draws on the expertise of a panel, often involving clinicians, researchers and lived experience experts to develop consensus over a topic by inviting them to rate the importance of, often a series of statements to a given topic area.MethodLived experience experts were asked to complete two rounds of questionnaires distributed online to capture their views on recovery.ResultsA total of 196 individuals gave their views on the first round of the study and 97 gave their views on the second round. A final list of 110 statements was developed that 80% or more of participants defined as essential or important. Statements covered items that were important in defining, facilitation and hindering the process of recovery.ConclusionFindings are consistent with the wider literature that suggests that recovery is an idiosyncratic process, but with many commonly shared features. Here we also show that a comprehensive definition of recovery must include factors that hinder the process of recovery. Implications and recommendations for practice, policy development and future research are discussed.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Tuberculosis and HIV services in Ghana: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Osei Eric , Amu Hubert , Kye-Duodu Gideon , Kwabla Mavis Pearl , Danso Evans , Binka Fred N. , Kim So Yoon 
Published: September 2023

Introduction
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) burden, coupled with unprecedented control measures including physical distancing, travel bans, and lockdowns of cities, implemented to stop the spread of the virus, have undoubtedly far-reaching aftereffects on other diseases. In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), a particular worry is the potential impact on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB), as a consequence of possible disruption to health services and limiting access to needed life-saving health care. In Ghana, there is a paucity of information regarding the impact of COVID-19 on disease control, particularly TB and HIV control. This study sought to contribute to bridging this knowledge gap.

Method
The study involved the analysis of secondary data obtained from the District Health Information Management System-2 (DHIMS-2) database of Ghana Health Service, from 2016 to 2020. Data were analysed using an interrupted time-series regression approach to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on TB case notification, HIV testing, and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) initiations, using March 2020 as the event period.

Results
The study showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic period, there was an abrupt decline of 20.5% (955CI: 16.0%, 24.5%) in TB case notifications in April and 32.7% (95%CI: 28.8%, 39.1%) in May 2020, with a median monthly decline of 21.4% from April-December 2020. A cumulative loss of 2,128 (20%; 95%CI: 13.3%, 26.7%) TB cases was observed nationwide as of December 2020. There was also a 40.3% decrease in people presenting for HIV tests in the first month of COVID-19 (April 2020) and a cumulative loss of 262620 (26.5%) HIV tests as of December 2020 attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. ART initiations increased by 39.2% in the first month and thereafter decreased by an average of 10% per month from May to September 2020. Cumulatively, 443 (1.9%) more of the people living with HIV initiated ART during the pandemic period, however, this was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted TB case notifications and HIV testing and counselling services, However, ART initiation was generally not impacted during the first year of the pandemic. Proactive approaches aimed at actively finding the thousands of individuals with TB who were missed in 2020 and increasing HIV testing and counselling and subsequent treatment initiations should be prioritised.
Assessing the energy efficiency of fossil fuel in ASEAN
Authors: Syed Ali Sharifah Aishah , Abdul Rahman Ahmad Shafiq , Mohamad Muhamad Fathul Naim , Supian Latifah Sarah , Mohd Zahari Haliza , Razali Mohd Norsyarizad 
Published: September 2023

The world's industries, transportation systems, and households rely heavily on fossil fuels despite their limited availability and high carbon content. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to improve fossil fuel energy efficiency in order to facilitate the shift towards a sustainable energy system with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. This paper employs a slacks-based measure network data envelopment analysis model with undesirable outputs to assess the efficiencies of fossil fuel energy in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries during a span of seven years, specifically from 2015 to 2021. The inclusion of undesirable outputs in this study is important because it allows for a more realistic assessment of efficiency by considering factors like CO2 emissions, which are undesirable outcomes associated with fossil fuel use. The datasets utilised in this study are sourced from the U.S. Energy Information Administration and the open data website of Our World in Data. Based on the findings, it can be observed that Singapore and the Philippines have demonstrated outstanding performance in maximising the utilisation of fossil fuels. In contrast, Myanmar exhibits the lowest level of efficiency in this analysis. By identifying top-performing countries in terms of fossil fuel efficiency, it is possible to implement measures to boost efficiency in under-performing countries. This can be achieved through the promotion and adoption of cleaner energy alternatives, specifically renewable energy sources that exhibit a low or negligible carbon footprint. These findings offer significant contributions to policymakers exploring sustainable energy usage, environmental stewardship, and the formulation and execution of comprehensive strategies that aim to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions arising from the consumption of fossil fuels in the ASEAN region.
Stimulation of fat oxidation in rat muscle by unacylated ghrelin persists for 2–3 hours, but is independent of fatty acid transporter translocation
Authors: Hoecht Evan M. , Budd Joshua M. , Notaro Nicole M. , Holloway Graham P. , Dyck David J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile a definitive mechanism‐of‐action remains to be identified, recent findings indicate that ghrelin, particularly the unacylated form (UnAG), stimulates skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation. The biological importance of UnAG‐mediated increases in fat oxidation remains unclear, as UnAG peaks in the circulation before mealtimes, and decreases rapidly during the postprandial situation before increases in postabsorptive circulating lipids. Therefore, we aimed to determine if the UnAG‐mediated stimulation of fat oxidation would persist long enough to affect the oxidation of meal‐derived fatty acids, and if UnAG stimulated the translocation of fatty acid transporters to the sarcolemma as a mechanism‐of‐action. In isolated soleus muscle strips from male rats, short‐term pre‐treatment with UnAG elicited a persisting stimulus on fatty acid oxidation 2 h after the removal of UnAG. UnAG also caused an immediate phosphorylation of AMPK, but not an increase in plasma membrane FAT/CD36 or FABPpm. There was also no increase in AMPK signaling or increased FAT/CD36 or FABPpm content at the plasma membrane at 2 h which might explain the sustained increase in fatty acid oxidation. These findings confirm UnAG as a stimulator of fatty acid oxidation and provide evidence that UnAG may influence the handling of postprandial lipids. The underlying mechanisms are not known.
Acyl‐CoA synthetase expression in human skeletal muscle is reduced in obesity and insulin resistance
Authors: Poppelreuther Margarete , Lundsgaard Anne‐Marie , Mensberg Pernille , Sjøberg Kim , Vilsbøll Tina , Kiens Bente , Füllekrug Joachim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUpon intramuscular entry, fatty acids are converted to amphiphatic fatty acyl‐CoAs by action of the acyl‐CoA synthetase (ACS) enzymes. While it has been reported that insulin resistant skeletal muscle shows an accumulation of fatty acyl‐CoAs, the role of the enzymes which catalyze their synthesis is still sparsely studied in human muscle, in particular the influence of obesity, and insulin resistance. We analyzed muscle biopsies obtained from normal weight controls (n = 7, average BMI 24), males/females with obesity (n = 7, average BMI 31), and males/females with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 7, average BMI 34), for relevant ACS (long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1), −3 (ACSL3) and − 4 (ACSL4), fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) and − 4 (FATP4)). The mRNA expression was determined by real‐time PCR, and total oleoyl‐CoA synthetase activity was measured. In the males/females with obesity and T2D, the response to 16 weeks of exercise training with minor weight loss was evaluated. ACSL1 is the dominantly expressed ACS isoform in human skeletal muscle. The content of total ACS mRNA, as well as ACSL1 mRNA, were lower in muscle of males/females with obesity and T2D. Exercise training in the males/females with obesity and T2D increased the total ACS enzyme activity, along with a lowering of the HOMA‐IR index. The capacity for synthesis of fatty acyl‐CoAs is lower in skeletal muscle of obese males/females with T2D. This suggests a decreased ability to convert fatty acids to fatty acyl‐CoAs, which in turn may affect their entry into storage or metabolic pathways in muscle. Thus, the accumulation of fatty acyl‐CoAs in the obese or insulin resistant state that has been shown in previous reports is not likely to result from increased fatty acid acylation. The upregulation of ACS activity by exercise training appears beneficial and occurred concomitantly with increased insulin sensitivity.
ABO blood group-related mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Maggi Fabrizio , Focosi Daniele 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Among the host genetic factors playing a role in the susceptibility to infectious diseases, the ABO blood group system is of utmost importance. Following the first reports in early 2020, the association between ABO blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 severity has been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of systematic reviews regarding the link between ABO blood groups and such risks. The possible molecular mechanisms underlying these associations will also be discussed. ABO blood group has a robust association with susceptibility to infection but not with disease severity, and studies on long COVID anre still missing.Prov.
Cold-acclimation effect on cadmium absorption and biosynthesis of polyphenolics, and free proline and photosynthetic pigments in Spirogyra aequinoctialis
Authors: Bibi Chand , Hadi Fazal , Ali Nasir , Zahoor Muhammad , Zeb Alam , Ullah Riaz , Ali Essam A. , Shah Abdul Bari 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Herein, a link has been established between cold acclimation and Cd uptake in Spirogyra aequinoctialis. The water samples supplemented with cadmium (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L) were used for plant growth at two different temperatures. Cold-acclimated plants accumulated high concentrations (0.40 ± 0.02 µg/dry biomass) of Cd as compared to non-acclimated plants (0.30 ± 0.08 µg/dry biomass). The negative effects of Cd on the biomass, carotenoids, and chlorophyll contents in non-acclimated plants were more pronounced in non-acclimated plants as compared to the cold-acclimated plants. High concentrations of free proline and total phenolics in cold-acclimated plants were observed as compared to the non-acclimated plants. About 13 different phenolic compounds were identified using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Cold acclimation as well as the presence of Cd in water highly increased the concentrations of polyphenolics, while synergistic increase was recorded with the combination of cold acclimation and Cd treatments. The highest increase in the concentration of polyphenolics was recorded for syringic acid. Significant positive correlations of total phenolics were noted with dry biomass (R
2 = 0.51) and Cd accumulation (R
2 = 0.59) in plant tissues. Free proline concentration also showed positive correlations with dry biomass, Cd accumulation, and chlorophyll contents (R
2 = 0.80).
Simultaneous inversion for a fractional order and a time source term in a time-fractional diffusion-wave equation
Authors: Liao Kaifang , Zhang Lei , Wei Ting 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this article, we consider an inverse problem for determining simultaneously a fractional order and a time-dependent source term in a multi-dimensional time-fractional diffusion-wave equation by a nonlocal condition.
Based on a uniformly bounded estimate of the Mittag-Leffler function given in this paper, we prove the uniqueness of the inverse problem and the Lipschitz continuity properties for the direct problem.
Then we employ the Levenberg–Marquardt method to recover simultaneously the fractional order and the time source term, and establish a finite-dimensional approximation algorithm to find a regularized numerical solution.
Moreover, a fast tensor method for solving the direct problem in the three-dimensional case is provided.
Some numerical results in one and multidimensional spaces are presented for showing the robustness of the proposed algorithm.
A first step towards a national realisation of the international height reference system in Sweden with a comparison to RH 2000
Authors: Alfredsson Anders , Ågren Jonas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The International Height Reference System (IHRS) was defined by the International Association of Geodesy in 2015. Since then, the international geodetic community has been working on the specification and establishment of its realisation, the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF). This frame will primarily be realised by geopotential numbers (or physical heights) in a sparse global reference network. In Sweden, only one such global station is planned. Regional and national realisations (or densifications) computed in accordance with the IHRS definition are needed to enable the best possible unification of height datums. The main purpose of this article is to make a case study for Sweden regarding the national realisation of IHRS and to investigate in what way preliminary IHRF differs from the current Swedish levelling-based realisation of the European Vertical Reference System, RH 2000. The two different quasigeoid models that we consider best over Sweden at the present time are used to compute the preliminary IHRS realisations in the study. The realisations are compared to each other and to RH 2000. It is shown that a very significant part of the difference to RH 2000 is due to the different postglacial land uplift epochs, permanent tide concepts, and zero levels. The standard deviation for the difference between one of the preliminary national IHRS realisations and RH 2000 is reduced from 75.5 to 19.2 mm after correction of the postglacial land uplift and permanent tide effects. The corresponding mean differences are –208.5 and –454.7 mm, respectively. The magnitude of the mean difference thus increases when the corrections in question are applied.
Genotyping in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia by sequencing of newborn bloodspot samples
Authors: Ludwig Karissa , Lai Fei , Wiley Veronica , Ravine Anja , Srinivasan Shubha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Genotype–phenotype correlation in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency ranges from 45 to 97 %. We performed massively parallel sequencing of CYP21A2 on stored newborn bloodspot samples to catalogue the genotypes present in our patients with CAH and enable genotype–phenotype comparison.

Methods
Participants ≤15 years old with clinically diagnosed CAH were recruited from The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network. Phenotype was classified from clinical and biochemical details in the medical record as salt wasting (SW), simple virilising (SV), non-classic (NC) or an intermediate phenotype (SW/SV; SV/NC). Amplicon-based sequencing for CYP21A2 was performed on stored newborn bloodspot samples by the New South Wales Newborn Bloodspot Screening Laboratory on MiSeq™Dx (Illumina, California). Available genetic test results were also obtained from the medical records.

Results
Samples from 67 participants (43 % female, age 0.3–15 years) were sequenced, including 9 sibships. SW phenotype was present in 33/67 participants (49 %), SV in 9 (13 %) and NC in 16 (24 %). Intermediate phenotypes included SW/SV in seven participants (10 %) and SV/NC in two (3 %). Variants were identified in 90/116 alleles (78 %). A complete genotype was available in 47/67 participants (70 %). The most common genotype was homozygous c.293-13A/C>G (I2G) in 7/47 participants (15 %). Genotype correlated with the most commonly reported phenotype in 36/44 cases (82 %). Correlation was higher in SW and NC phenotypes.

Conclusions
This study uses genetic testing of newborn bloodspots to identify and characterise the genotypes present in an ethnically diverse Australian population with CAH. It further strengthens our knowledge of genotype–phenotype correlations in CAH.
Hygrothermal bending analysis of sandwich nanoplates with FG porous core and piezomagnetic faces via nonlocal strain gradient theory
Authors: Alghanmi Rabab A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The bending of sandwich nanoplates made of functionally graded (FG) porous core and electromagnetic layers is explored for the first time through a nonlocal strain gradient theory and a four-unknown shear deformation theory. The proposed model can account for both nonlocal and strain gradient impacts. Therefore, the stiffness enhancement and stiffness reduction processes of sandwich nanoplates are observed. The porosities in the nanoplate are modeled with even and uneven distribution patterns. Six equations of equilibrium are constructed by using virtual work principle. The effects of the porosity factor, externally applied electric and magnetic fields, nonlocal parameter, strain gradient parameter, temperature and moisture parameters, aspect ratio, and side-to-thickness ratio on the static behaviors of FG sandwich nanoplates for simply supported boundary conditions are demonstrated using a parametric study. This article offers comparison treatments for the bending investigation of smart sandwich nanoplates, which can be used in a variety of computational methods. According to the results, deflections induced by negative electric and magnetic potentials behave differently than those brought on by positive electric and magnetic potentials. Other important findings are reached that should aid in the development and implementation of electromagnetic sandwich nanoplate structures.
UV aging behavior evolution characterization of HALS-modified asphalt based on micro-morphological features
Authors: Sun Xiaolong , Zhu Yunchu , Mao Jie , Qin Xiao , Li Lijuan , Jin Jiao , Yu Huayang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To clarify the effect of Hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) on ultraviolet (UV) aging behavior of asphalt binder, the evolution history and characteristics of the UV induced micro-structure of modified asphalt were characterized. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) were used to analyze the microscopic morphology evolution of light stabilizer-modified asphalt during UV aging. By defining the micro-structure of asphalt in aging joints induced by UV, the identification and classification of typical micro-structure are proposed. On this basis, an evaluation method based on the morphology evolution process of modified asphalt aging was proposed to quantitatively analyze the effect of HALS on the UV aging of asphalt binder. The results show that the control effect of HALS on the UV aging behavior of asphalt can be verified by SEM and AFM detection methods. At the same time, the aging interval of the asphalt modified by hindered amine was divided by the method, and it was verified that the HALS could significantly prolong the service life of the asphalt binder. The micro-morphology of asphalt binder undergoes the process of crack generation and propagation during UV aging. The micro-morphological changes of UV aged asphalt were interfered effectively by HALS, which could alleviate and control the development of UV induced micro-cracks, and promote the fusion of micro-cracks. This study provides an effective evaluation method for detecting UV aging microscopic evolution of HALS.