bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Identification of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Using a Computer Vision Model
Authors: Erno Jason , Gomes Thomas , Baltimore Christopher , Lineberger John P. , Smith D. Hudson , Baker G. Hamilton 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesPatent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a vascular defect common in preterm infants and often requires treatment to avoid associated long‐term morbidities. Echocardiography is the primary tool used to diagnose and monitor PDA. We trained a deep learning model to identify PDA presence in relevant echocardiographic images.MethodsEchocardiography video clips (n = 2527) in preterm infants were reviewed by a pediatric cardiologist and those relevant to PDA diagnosis were selected and labeled (PDA present/absent/indeterminate). We trained a convolutional neural network to classify each echocardiography frame of a clip as belonging to clips with or without PDA. A novel attention mechanism that aggregated predictions for all frames in each clip to obtain a clip‐level prediction by weighting relevant frames.ResultsIn early model iterations, we discovered training with color Doppler echocardiography clips produced the best performing classifier. For model training and validation, 1145 such clips from 66 patients (661 PDA+ clips, 484 PDA− clips) were used. Our best classifier for clip level performance obtained sensitivity of 0.80 (0.83–0.90), specificity of 0.77 (0.62–0.92) and AUC of 0.86 (0.83–0.90). Study level performance obtained sensitivity of 0.83 (0.72–0.94), specificity of 0.89 (0.79–1.0) and AUC of 0.93 (0.89–0.98).ConclusionsOur novel deep learning model demonstrated strong performance in classifying echocardiography clips with and without PDA. Further model development and external validation are warranted. Ultimately, integration of such a classifier into auto detection software could streamline PDA imaging workflow. This work is the first step toward semi‐automated, bedside detection of PDA in preterm infants.
1550‐nm Band Soliton Microcombs in Ytterbium‐Doped Lithium‐Niobate Microrings
Authors: Yang Chen , Yang Shuo , Du Fan , Zeng Xianhong , Wang Beichen , Yang Zijiao , Luo Qiang , Ma Rui , Zhang Ru , Jia Di , Hao Zhenzhong , Li Yongnan , Yang Qifan , Yi Xu , Bo Fang , Kong Yongfa , Zhang Guoquan , Xu Jingjun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMicro‐optical frequency combs are miniaturized coherent light sources exhibiting a tremendous influence on precision spectroscopy, optical clocks, and high‐speed optical communications. The rare‐earth‐doped lithium niobate (LN) is a promising platform to integrate the lasers and comb sources on the same chip of single material. However, microcombs generated in rare‐earth‐doped LN thin film (LNTF) have not yet been fully explored. To explore the protocols of generating optical combs in ytterbium‐doped LNTF, the comb‐like laser is studied in the 1060 nm band, and the dissipative Kerr soliton is experimentally demonstrated in the telecom band in a Z‐cut wafer. The over‐coupled fundamental transverse electric mode with anomalous dispersion is excited at an on‐chip pump power of 75.7 mW to generate the robust bright soliton. The broadband spectrum of the Kerr soliton ranges from 1480 to 1660 nm with 110 comb lines, whose repetition rate is 197.8 GHz. The mode‐locking of the soliton can be achieved as a result of the photorefractive effect of ytterbium‐doped LNTF instead of complex feedback schemes. Numerical simulations are highly accordant with the experimental results. This work expands the microcomb‐generating platform and increases the potential for integrated on‐chip applications including precision ranging and frequency division.
Stimuli‐Responsive Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides Using Polyelectrolyte Complexes
Authors: Antropenko Alexander , Caruso Frank , Fernandez‐Trillo Paco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are antibiotics with the potential to address antimicrobial resistance. However, their translation to the clinic is hampered by issues such as off‐target toxicity and low stability in biological media. Stimuli‐responsive delivery from polyelectrolyte complexes offers a simple avenue to address these limitations, wherein delivery is triggered by changes occurring during microbial infection. The review first provides an overview of pH‐responsive delivery, which exploits the intrinsic pH‐responsive nature of polyelectrolytes as a mechanism to deliver these antimicrobials. The examples included illustrate the challenges faced when developing these systems, in particular balancing antimicrobial efficacy and stability, and the potential of this approach to prepare switchable surfaces or nanoparticles for intracellular delivery. The review subsequently highlights the use of other stimuli associated with microbial infection, such as the expression of degrading enzymes or changes in temperature. Polyelectrolyte complexes with dual stimuli‐response based on pH and temperature are also discussed. Finally, the review presents a summary and an outlook of the challenges and opportunities faced by this field. This review is expected to encourage researchers to develop stimuli‐responsive polyelectrolyte complexes that increase the stability of AMPs while providing targeted delivery, and thereby facilitate the translation of these antimicrobials.
When less is more: Understanding consumers' responses to minimalist appeals
Authors: Chen Wei‐Fen , Liu Jingshi (Joyce) 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMinimalism, which encourages people to live with fewer possessions, is an emerging theme in marketing communication that often appeals to the sustainable ideal of reducing consumption and waste (e.g., Patagonia's “Buy less” campaign). However, consumers' responses to this marketing approach remain under‐researched. We investigate whether consumers' responses to minimalist appeals depend on their socioeconomic status. We find that consumers with lower socioeconomic status report less favorable evaluations of brands that adopt minimalist appeals, because these consumers tend to prefer quantity over quality in daily consumption—a preference that is incongruent with minimalism. This effect is moderated by the considerations of product‐usage frequency: even consumers with low socioeconomic status can become more favorable toward minimalist brands if the benefit of minimalism, namely the increased usage of each product, is salient.
Simultaneous multislice EPI prospective motion correction by real‐time receiver phase correction and coil sensitivity map interpolation
Authors: Li Bo , Li Ningzhi , Wang Ze , Balan Radu , Ernst Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo improve the image reconstruction for prospective motion correction (PMC) of simultaneous multislice (SMS) EPI of the brain, an update of receiver phase and resampling of coil sensitivities are proposed and evaluated.MethodsA camera‐based system was used to track head motion (3 translations and 3 rotations) and dynamically update the scan position and orientation. We derived the change in receiver phase associated with a shifted field of view (FOV) and applied it in real‐time to each k‐space line of the EPI readout trains. Second, for the SMS reconstruction, we adapted resampled coil sensitivity profiles reflecting the movement of slices. Single‐shot gradient‐echo SMS‐EPI scans were performed in phantoms and human subjects for validation.ResultsBrain SMS‐EPI scans in the presence of motion with PMC and no phase correction for scan plane shift showed noticeable artifacts. These artifacts were visually and quantitatively attenuated when corrections were enabled. Correcting misaligned coil sensitivity maps improved the temporal SNR (tSNR) of time series by 24% (p = 0.0007) for scans with large movements (up to ˜35 mm and 30°). Correcting the receiver phase improved the tSNR of a scan with minimal head movement by 50% from 50 to 75 for a United Kingdom biobank protocol.ConclusionReconstruction‐induced motion artifacts in single‐shot SMS‐EPI scans acquired with PMC can be removed by dynamically adjusting the receiver phase of each line across EPI readout trains and updating coil sensitivity profiles during reconstruction. The method may be a valuable tool for SMS‐EPI scans in the presence of subject motion.
Messing up to clean up: Semi‐randomized frequency selective space‐filling curves to suppress physiological signal fluctuations in MRI
Authors: Seginer Amir , Schmidt Rita 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeRapid 3D steady‐state sequences are widely used but are also known to be sensitive to semi‐periodic physiological signal fluctuations due to, for example, cardiac pulsation, breathing, and eye/eyelids movement. This semi‐periodicity results in repeating artifacts in the image whose intensity depends on the scan parameters. The purpose of this study is to design a reordering of the 2D phase encodes (within the 3D acquisition) that reduces these artifacts.MethodsA randomized order of the phase encodes can suppress repeating artifact but may also introduce its own apparent noise, for example, in cases of slow subject movement or gradual changes in eddy currents. In a new design a semi‐randomized space‐filling curve is generated by scrambling the local order of the phase encodes to achieve a controlled frequency selective effect, that is, eliminating artifacts above a chosen (fluctuation) frequency threshold while leaving lower frequencies untouched, thus overcoming the limitations of a randomized order. The method was characterized in simulations and substantiated by human brain imaging at 7 T using two steady‐state gradient echo variants that suffer from pulsation, either near blood vessels or near the ventricles.ResultsThe simulations with a point source show that the maximum artifact intensity can be reduced by factors of 10–50 depending on the scan parameters. In human scanning, the new approach drastically reduced physiologically induced artifacts and was superior in this regard to both full randomization and a generalized Hilbert curve, another semi‐randomized approach.ConclusionThe phase‐encodes reordering presented here effectively removes artifacts arising from local fluctuations.
Eigensensitivity of damped system with distinct and repeated eigenvalues by chain rule
Authors: Phuor Ty , Yoon GilHo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a novel algorithm for computing the derivatives of eigensolutions of asymmetric damped systems with distinct and repeated eigenvalues is developed without using second‐order derivatives of the eigenequations, which has a significant benefit over the existing published methods. To achieve this, the algorithm is proposed by (1) imposing consistent normalization conditions for both left and right eigenvectors throughout the computational system, and (2) solving sensitivity problems using the chain rule. These contributions add significant value to the proposed method. Additionally, the numerical difficulty is overcome by suggesting justifying Nelson (1976)'s technique based on the normalization conditions. Even though the proposed algorithm is simple and easy to implement, the employment of chain rule with new normalization in this note has never been reported in the literature, especially for the problem of eigensensitivity. Because this new algorithm does not require the second‐order derivatives of the eigenequations, the analytical and numerical solutions for eigensensitivity offered by this method are less complicated than existing available solutions. The validity and applicability of the method are demonstrated through five numerical examples, showcasing its implementation in displacement‐ and state‐space equations (rotordynamic system). Also, verifications are found to be in reasonable agreement with the approximated method.
Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of cold plasma promoting biosynthesis of active substances in broccoli sprouts
Authors: Lyu Xingang , Chen Yi , Gao Shiwei , Cao Wei , Fan Daidi , Duan Zhiguang , Xia Zengrun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionBroccoli sprouts have great health and commercial value because they are rich in sulforaphane, a special bioactive compound that helps to prevent chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to increase the levels of active substances in broccoli sprouts and understand their metabolic mechanisms.MethodologyMetabolomics based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and transcriptome analysis were combined to analyse the enrichment of metabolites in broccoli sprouts treated with cold plasma.ResultsAfter 2 min of cold plasma treatment, the contents of sulforaphane, glucosinolates, total phenols, and flavonoids, as well as myrosinase activity, were greatly improved. Transcriptomics revealed 7460 differentially expressed genes in the untreated and treated sprouts. Metabolomics detected 6739 differential metabolites, including most amino acids, their derivatives, and organic acids. Enrichment analyses of metabolomics and transcriptomics identified the 20 most significantly differentially expressed metabolic pathways.ConclusionsOverall, cold plasma treatment can induce changes in the expression and regulation of certain metabolites and genes encoding active substances in broccoli sprouts.
Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of a screening tool for low physical activity in independently ambulating adults with knee osteoarthritis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Amano Tetsuya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposePatients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) can benefit from resistance training exercises, range of motion and flexibility maintenance, and low‐load aerobic exercises, as per the relevant clinical guidelines. However, certain patients might be unable to progress to higher physical levels despite such physical therapy programs. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a screening tool for determining physical activity levels in individuals with OA undergoing standard physical therapy regularly, using likelihood ratios and predictive values.MethodThis prospective observational study included 135 patients undergoing standard physical therapy for OA from six medical facilities. The primary outcome was low physical activity or moderate to high physical activity levels based on 1‐month Self‐Rating Frenchay activities index scores. Backward elimination was used to perform binomial logistic regression analysis after identifying the independent variables in a univariate logistic regression analysis. Among the independent variables adopted in the logistic regression model, receiver operating characteristic analysis using Youden's index was performed for quantitative variables, which were converted to binary values at the cut‐off points. Subsequently, the clinical prediction rule (CPR) was derived.ResultsAccording to the binomial logistic regression analysis, age, knee flexion muscle strength, and visual analog scale (VAS) were risk factors for low physical activity, and the CPR was derived from these variables. The pre‐test probability of the low physical activity group was 37.0% (50 out of 135 participants). For a total CPR score of three points (one point for each item: age ≤69 years, knee flexion muscle strength ≤0.36 Nm/kg, and VAS ≥33 mm), the positive likelihood ratio was 13.60 and the post‐test probability increased to 88.9%.DiscussionThe CPR identified patients who might not benefit from the standard physical therapy program. This screening tool could improve patient management, allowing for more tailored approaches in physical therapy programs.
A Note on Modular Invariant Species Scale and Potentials
Authors: Cribiori Niccolò , Lüst Dieter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe species scale provides an upper bound for the ultraviolet cutoff of effective theories of gravity coupled to a number of light particle species. Modular invariant (super‐)potentials provide a simple and computable expression of the species scale as a function of the moduli in toroidal orbifold compactifications of type II and heterotic string are pointed out. Due t o modular symmetry, these functions are valid over all moduli space and not only in asymptotic regions. Additive logarithmic corrections to the species scale arise from the requirement that the latter be modular invariant are observed. The moduli‐dependent expression of the species scale in terms of the gravitino mass or the scalar potential of these models are recasted and swampland conjectures such as the anti‐de Sitter distance conjecture and the gravitino conjecture are connected.
Decoding attraction: Improving vine weevil monitoring by exploiting key sensory cues
Authors: Fezza Eugenia , Roberts Joe M. , Bruce Toby J. A. , Walsh Lael E. , Gaffney Michael T. , Pope Tom W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonitoring is an integral component of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes used to inform crop management decisions. Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), continues to cause economically significant losses in horticultural crops due to an inability to reliably detect the presence of this species before crop damage occurs. To improve vine weevil monitoring we investigated the behavioural responses of adult vine weevils to visual (monitoring tool shade/colour, height and diameter as well as the effect of monitoring tool and plant density) and olfactory (host plant and conspecifics) cues under glasshouse conditions.RESULTSMonitoring tool shade, height and diameter all influenced monitoring tool efficacy, with individuals exhibiting a preference for black, tall and wide monitoring tools. The total number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools increased with monitoring tool density. By contrast, plant density did not influence the number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools. Yew‐baited monitoring tools retained a larger number of individuals compared to unbaited ones. Similarly, more vine weevils were recorded in monitoring tools baited with yew and conspecifics than in unbaited monitoring tools or those baited with only yew. Baiting monitoring tools with conspecifics alone did not enhance the number of vine weevils recorded in monitoring tools.CONCLUSIONSOur study confirms that visual and olfactory cues influence vine weevil behaviour. This provides information on key factors that influence vine weevil monitoring tool efficacy and can be used to inform the development of a new monitoring tool for this pest. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Field evaluation of a six‐rotor unmanned agricultural aerial sprayer: effects of application parameters on spray deposition and control efficacy against rice planthopper
Authors: Huang Zhan , Wang Changling , Wongsuk Supakorn , Qi Peng , Liu Limin , Qiao Baiyu , Zhong Ling , He Xiongkui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnmanned Aerial Spraying System (UASS) has emerged as an advanced, precise, and efficient tool for pesticide application in numerous nations in recent years. Despite this, there is a noticeable gap in research advocating viable, quantifiable methodologies for application parameter optimization. This investigation was primarily oriented toward identifying optimal UASS application parameters. It did so by exploring the effects of varying spray volumes and flight parameters on spray performance in a comprehensive manner, and by assessing the biological potency of aerial insecticide application against Rice Planthopper (RPH) using the optimal parameters, aided by two types of nozzles in rice field settings.RESULTSIncreased spray volume increased the spray deposition. Working height impacted the distribution of spray deposition, with a higher working height leading to superior distribution uniformity. Both spray volume and working height were observed to influence spray deposition and its percentage in tandem. Upon factor analysis, the optimal parameters determined for rice at the heading stage were an application volume of 15.0 L·ha−1, a working height of 2.0 m, and a driving speed of 5.0 m·s−1. Under these parameters, the air‐induction twin flat fan nozzle IDKT120‐015 demonstrated approximately 5% higher spray deposition than the flat fan nozzle SX11001VS, albeit with inferior distribution uniformity. Both nozzle types achieved over 93.0% control efficacy against RPH using triflumezopyrim, persisting for up to 40 days post‐treatment.CONCLUSIONThis study furnishes invaluable insights and data for controlling rice planthopper via UASS pesticide application, contributing to the progress of modern intensive and sustainable agriculture. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Model‐informed drug development of autologous CAR‐T cell therapy: Strategies to optimize CAR‐T cell exposure leveraging cell kinetic/dynamic modeling
Authors: Mc Laughlin Anna M. , Milligan Peter A. , Yee Cassian , Bergstrand Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAutologous Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR‐T) cell therapy has been highly successful in the treatment of aggressive hematological malignancies and is also being evaluated for the treatment of solid tumors as well as other therapeutic areas. A challenge, however, is that up to 60% of patients do not sustain a long‐term response. Low CAR‐T cell exposure has been suggested as an underlying factor for a poor prognosis. CAR‐T cell therapy is a novel therapeutic modality with unique kinetic and dynamic properties. Importantly, “clear” dose‐exposure relationships do not seem to exist for any of the currently approved CAR‐T cell products. In other words, dose increases have not led to a commensurate increase in the measurable in vivo frequency of transferred CAR‐T cells. Therefore, alternative approaches beyond dose titration are needed to optimize CAR‐T cell exposure. In this paper, we provide examples of actionable variables – design elements in CAR‐T cell discovery, development, and clinical practice, which can be modified to optimize autologous CAR‐T cell exposure. Most of these actionable variables can be assessed throughout the various stages of discovery and development as part of a well‐informed research and development program. Model‐informed drug development approaches can enable such study and program design choices from discovery through to clinical practice and can be an important contributor to cell therapy effectiveness and efficiency.
Predicting the effect of pallet overhang on the box compression strength
Authors: Kim Saewhan , Horvath Laszlo , Molina Eduardo , Frank Benjamin , Johnson Steven , Johnson Alonda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA corrugated box's compression strength can easily be affected by how the box is used, including pallet overhang which reduces a box's effective compression strength (BCT). The specific impact of a given amount of overhang on BCT remains poorly defined. In the current study, a range of box sizes and constructions were examined in over a dozen single‐side overhang configurations and five adjacent‐side overhang scenarios to identify key factors contributing to loss of strength, producing an average reduction in BCT of up to 40%. These results indicated that common safety factors fit well with adjacent overhang scenarios but overestimate single‐side overhang scenarios. We developed a range of multiple linear and nonlinear regression models, estimating the change in a box's compression strength due to overhang compared with a no‐overhang scenario. The impact of overhang on the short and long sides, whether overhang exists on a single side or adjacent side, box size, and board type were all statistically significant. This work also indicates the need for further research refining the first‐order model and extending it to other materials, box sizes, and box aspect ratios.