bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-situ temperature and major species measurements of sooting flames based on short-gated spontaneous Raman scattering
Authors: Meng Hu , Ren Yihua , Cameron Florence , Pitsch Heinz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpontaneous Raman scattering is a conventional in-situ laser-diagnostic method that has been widely used for measurements of temperature and major species. However, utilization of Raman scattering in sooting flames suffers from strong interference including laser-induced fluorescence, laser-induced incandescence, and flame luminosity, which has been a challenge for a long time. This work introduces an easy-to-implement and calibration-free Raman scattering thermometry in sooting flames based on a 355-nm nanosecond-pulsed laser beam. Several strategies were utilized to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and suppress the interference: (1) nanosecond intensified CCD gate width; (2) optimized intensified CCD gate delay; (3) specially designed focused laser beam; (4) ultraviolet polarizer filter. The temperature was obtained by fitting the spectral profile of Stokes-Raman scattering of N2molecules without any calibrations. Based on the measured temperature, the mole fraction of major species can be evaluated. This method was applied to measure the temperature and major species profiles in a steady ethylene–air counterflow diffusion flame with a spatial resolution of 1.2 mm × 10.8 mm × 0.13 mm. The experimental results agree well with the simulation results in both sooting and non-sooting regions, demonstrating the feasibility of this method for quantitative diagnostics of temperature and major species in multiphase reacting flows.
Random Euclidean coverage from within
Authors: Penrose Mathew D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLet$$X_1,X_2, \ldots $$X1,X2,…be independent random uniform points in a bounded domain$$A \subset \mathbb {R}^d$$A⊂Rdwith smooth boundary. Define thecoverage threshold$$R_n$$Rnto be the smallestrsuch thatAis covered by the balls of radiusrcentred on$$X_1,\ldots ,X_n$$X1,…,Xn. We obtain the limiting distribution of$$R_n$$Rnand also a strong law of large numbers for$$R_n$$Rnin the large-nlimit. For example, ifAhas volume 1 and perimeter$$|\partial A|$$|∂A|, if$$d=3$$d=3then$$\mathbb {P}[n\pi R_n^3 - \log n - 2 \log (\log n) \le x]$$P[nπRn3-logn-2log(logn)≤x]converges to$$\exp (-2^{-4}\pi ^{5/3} |\partial A| e^{-2 x/3})$$exp(-2-4π5/3|∂A|e-2x/3)and$$(n \pi R_n^3)/(\log n) \rightarrow 1$$(nπRn3)/(logn)→1almost surely, and if$$d=2$$d=2then$$\mathbb {P}[n \pi R_n^2 - \log n - \log (\log n) \le x]$$P[nπRn2-logn-log(logn)≤x]converges to$$\exp (- e^{-x}- |\partial A|\pi ^{-1/2} e^{-x/2})$$exp(-e-x-|∂A|π-1/2e-x/2). We give similar results for generald, and also for the case whereAis a polytope. We also generalize to allow for multiple coverage. The analysis relies on classical results by Hall and by Janson, along with a careful treatment of boundary effects. For the strong laws of large numbers, we can relax the requirement that the underlying density onAbe uniform.
Septic arthritis of the native hip joint: a multi-pattern, multi-outcome disease
Authors: Kim Byungseob , Boukebous Baptiste , White Douglas , Baker Joseph F. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Septic arthritis of the native hip joint (SANH) is an uncommon surgical and medical emergency with few reports. The aim of this study was to determine predictors of return to theatre (RTT), complications and mortality.

Methods
Patients with SANH were identified from January 2009 to June 2022; 50 patients and three subgroups were identified: Pyogenic (surgical washout without systemic inflammatory disease), Systemic (surgical washout with SIDs) and patients managed non-surgically. Patterns of these groups were assessed with a principal component analysis. The cumulative incidences for death, any complication and RTT for repeat washout were calculated. The predictive variables associated with outcomes were selected with univariable models and then incorporated in multivariable CoxPH regressions.

Results
The 1-year cumulative incidence was 14% for mortality and 48.5% for any complication. Amongst patients managed surgically, 1-year risk of RTT was 46% in Pyogenic subgroup and 21% in Systemic subgroup. Systemic subgroup had lower complications and RTT and higher rate of sterile aspirate, compared to Pyogenic. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (HR = 1.41, P value = 0.03), preoperative albumin (HR = 0.81, P value = 0.009) and preoperative haemoglobin (HR = 0.95, P value = 0.02) were significantly associated with 1-year mortality. Time between symptom onset and admission > 7 days (HR = 3.15, P value = 0.042), preoperative Hb (HR = 1.05, P value = 0.016), socioeconomic deprivation (HR = 1.18, P value = 0.04) and Systemic subgroup (HR = 0.25, P value = 0.04) were significantly associated with RTT.

Conclusion
Mortality was well predicted by the usual parameters including CCI, albumin, but also low haemoglobin. Patients presenting in a delayed fashion were more likely to have multiple lavages.
$$(d,\varvec{\sigma })$$-Veronese variety and some applications
Authors: Durante N. , Longobardi G. , Pepe V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLet $${\mathbb K}$$
K
be the Galois field $${\mathbb F}_{q^t}$$

F

q
t

of order $$q^t, q=p^e, p$$

q
t

,
q
=

p
e

,
p

a prime, $$A={{\,\mathrm{{Aut}}\,}}({\mathbb K})$$

A
=

Aut

(
K
)

be the automorphism group of $${\mathbb K}$$
K
and $$\varvec{\sigma }=(\sigma _0,\ldots , \sigma _{d-1}) \in A^d$$

σ

=

(

σ
0

,
…
,

σ

d
-
1

)

∈

A
d

, $$d \ge 1$$

d
≥
1

. In this paper the following generalization of the Veronese map is studied: $$\begin{aligned} \nu _{d,\varvec{\sigma }} : \langle v \rangle \in {{\,\mathrm{{PG}}\,}}(n-1,{\mathbb K}) \longrightarrow \langle v^{\sigma _0} \otimes v^{\sigma _1} \otimes \cdots \otimes v^{\sigma _{d-1}} \rangle \in {{\,\mathrm{{PG}}\,}}(n^d-1,{\mathbb K}). \end{aligned}$$

ν

d
,

σ

:

⟨
v
⟩

∈

PG

(
n
-
1
,
K
)

⟶

⟨

v

σ
0

⊗

v

σ
1

⊗
⋯
⊗

v

σ

d
-
1

⟩

∈

PG

(

n
d

-
1
,
K
)

.

Its image will be called the $$(d,\varvec{\sigma })$$

(
d
,

σ

)

-Veronese variety$$\mathcal V_{d,\varvec{\sigma }}$$

V

d
,

σ

. For $$d=t$$

d
=
t

, $$\sigma $$
σ
a generator of $$\textrm{Gal}({\mathbb F}_{q^t}|{\mathbb F}_{q})$$

Gal
(

F

q
t

|

F
q

)

and $$\varvec{\sigma }=(1,\sigma ,\sigma ^2,\ldots ,\sigma ^{t-1})$$

σ

=
(
1
,
σ
,

σ
2

,
…
,

σ

t
-
1

)

, the $$(t,\varvec{\sigma })$$

(
t
,

σ

)

-Veronese variety $$\mathcal V_{t,\varvec{\sigma }}$$

V

t
,

σ

is the variety studied in [9, 11, 13]. Such a variety is the Grassmann embedding of the Desarguesian spread of $${{\,\mathrm{{PG}}\,}}(nt-1,{\mathbb F}_q)$$

PG

(
n
t
-
1
,

F
q

)

and it has been used to construct codes [3] and (partial) ovoids of quadrics, see [9, 12]. Here, we will show that $$\mathcal V_{d,\varvec{\sigma }}$$

V

d
,

σ

is the Grassmann embedding of a normal rational scroll and any $$d+1$$

d
+
1

points of it are linearly independent. We give a characterization of $$d+2$$

d
+
2

linearly dependent points of $$\mathcal V_{d,\varvec{\sigma }}$$

V

d
,

σ

and for some choices of parameters, $$\mathcal V_{p,\varvec{\sigma }}$$

V

p
,

σ

is the normal rational curve; for $$p=2$$

p
=
2

, it can be the Segre’s arc of $${{\,\mathrm{{PG}}\,}}(3,q^t)$$

PG

(
3
,

q
t

)

; for $$p=3$$

p
=
3

$$\mathcal V_{p,\varvec{\sigma }}$$

V

p
,

σ

can be also a $$|\mathcal V_{p,\varvec{\sigma }}|$$

|

V

p
,

σ

|

-track of $${{\,\mathrm{{PG}}\,}}(5,q^t)$$

PG

(
5
,

q
t

)

. Finally, investigate the link between such points sets and a linear code $${\mathcal C}_{d,\varvec{\sigma }}$$

C

d
,

σ

that can be associated to the variety, obtaining examples of MDS and almost MDS codes.
Unique optima of the Delsarte linear program
Authors: Li Rupert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Delsarte linear program is used to bound the size of codes given their block length n and minimal distance d by taking a linear relaxation from codes to quasicodes. We study for which values of (n, d) this linear program has a unique optimum: while we show that it does not always have a unique optimum, we prove that it does if $$d>n/2$$

d
>
n
/
2

or if $$d \le 2$$

d
≤
2

. Introducing the Krawtchouk decomposition of a quasicode, we prove there exist optima to the (n, 2e) and $$(n-1,2e-1)$$

(
n
-
1
,
2
e
-
1
)

linear programs that have essentially identical Krawtchouk decompositions, revealing a parity phenomenon among the Delsarte linear programs. We generalize the notion of extending and puncturing codes to quasicodes, from which we see that this parity relationship is given by extending/puncturing. We further characterize these pairs of optima, in particular demonstrating that they exhibit a symmetry property, effectively halving the number of decision variables.
Speaker identification and localization using shuffled MFCC features and deep learning
Authors: Barhoush Mahdi , Hallawa Ahmed , Schmeink Anke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe use of machine learning in automatic speaker identification and localization systems has recently seen significant advances. However, this progress comes at the cost of using complex models, computations, and increasing the number of microphone arrays and training data. Therefore, in this work, we propose a new end-to-end identification and localization model based on a simple fully connected deep neural network (FC-DNN) and just two input microphones. This model can jointly or separately localize and identify an active speaker with high accuracy in single and multi-speaker scenarios by exploiting a new data augmentation approach. In this regard, we propose using a novel Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) based feature called Shuffled MFCC (SHMFCC) and its variant Difference Shuffled MFCC (DSHMFCC). In order to test our approach, we analyzed the performance of the identification and localization proposed model on the new features at different noise and reverberation conditions for single and multi-speaker scenarios. The results show that our approach achieves high accuracy in these scenarios, outperforms the baseline and conventional methods, and achieves robustness even with small-sized training data.
The Inspiring and the Purple, and the Worthy and the Dull
Authors: Kirchin Simon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this critical discussion I summarize Sophie-Grace Chappell’s excellent Epiphanies. Doing so leads me to ask a question. She is clearly against ‘moral theory’ and puts forward her preferred account of ‘epiphanic reflection’. But does she seek to wholly replace moral theory with epiphanic reflection or is she seeking to achieve a form of accommodation where both are given their due in our everyday moral lives? After voicing this issue I consider what options there might be in order to help us understand the question better and then to answer it.
The impurity of praxis: Arendt and Agamben
Authors: Sjöblom Katarina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIf politics is understood as a foundational and open-ended activity, a general problem that arises from such a framing concerns the question of how to sustain the possibility of continuous openings without converting action into permanence and closure. In this article, we approach this problematic by treating Hannah Arendt as an exemplary figure in the current of political thought that emphasizes the indeterminate nature of action. We focus more specifically on how Arendt addressed the question of sustaining action by exploring the role of forgiveness, promises, divided power, and principles of action in her thought. While we show that the task of sustaining the indeterminacy of action partly remains an unresolvable paradox for Arendt, a general force underpinning the thought of Giorgio Agamben sheds new light on this paradox. Rather than affirming radical openness and pure praxis as such, Agamben’s work helps accentuate the need of a certain contamination of praxis by its own limit or apparent opposite. Importantly, this allows us to interpret Arendt and the paradoxical task of bestowing some degree of permanence to the open horizon of political action in a decidedly positive light: that praxis implies a moment of impurity is the very force that sustains it without sacrificing its indeterminate nature.
Exploring the philosophical concept of my death in the context of biology: the scholarly significance of the unknown
Authors: Fukuda Manabu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractContemplating one’s own death is a core aspect in the history of Western philosophy. In the modern era, existential philosophy has inherited this tradition and established unique discussions on the concept of “mydeath,” resting on the premise that this concept is unapproachable via scientific inquiry. Conversely, biological research is essentially conducted within the scope of life phenomena, with death being referred to in the sense of lifespan; thus, death is not among its inherent themes, which automatically excludes the concept ofmydeath from its scope. To establish a dialogue between the two fields, this study questions the widely held premise thatmydeath is unrelated to science and is best examined by philosophy. I consider the movement between continuity and discontinuity as foundational to scientific development, and integrate it with the relationship between the unknown and known. Furthermore, I extend this to the concepts of consciousness and body, and subsequently clarify and define the unknown divisions. Finally, I examine the kinds of unknowns that science confronts to interpret philosophically how an aspect of reproductive theory has unwittingly revealed a completely new dimension of life:mydeath. Overall, I argue thatmydeath is an essential point of contact between philosophy and biology that reveals the scholarly significance of the unknown.
The Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights: In Search of Enaction, at Risk of Inaction
Authors: Hine Emmie , Floridi Luciano 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe US is promoting a new vision of a “Good AI Society” through its recent AI Bill of Rights. This offers a promising vision of community-oriented equity unique amongst peer countries. However, it leaves the door open for potential rights violations. Furthermore, it may have some federal impact, but it is non-binding, and without concrete legislation, the private sector is likely to ignore it.
Numerical Model For Short-Time High-Temperature Isothermal Oxidation of Fe–Mn Binaries at High Oxygen Partial Pressure
Authors: Aghaeian S. , Brouwer J. C. , Sloof W. G. , Mol J. M. C. , Böttger A. J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the oxidation reactions in the process of steel production occur in harsh conditions (i.e., high temperatures and gas atmospheres), it is practically impossible to observe in situ the compositional changes in the steel and the formed oxide scale. Hence, a coupled thermodynamic-kinetic numerical model is developed that predicts the formation of oxide phases and the composition profile of the steel alloy’s constituents in a short time due to external oxidation. The model is applied to high-temperature oxidation of Fe–Mn alloys under different conditions. Oxidizing experiments executed with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) on Fe–Mn alloys with different Mn contents (below 10 wt %) are used to determine kinetic parameters that serve as an input for the model. The mass gain data as a function of time show both linear and parabolic regimes. The results of the numerical simulations are presented. The effect of different parameters, such as temperature, Mn content of the alloy, oxygen partial pressure, and oxidizing gas flow rate on the alloy composition and oxide phases formed, is determined. It is shown that increasing the temperature and decreasing the oxygen partial pressure both lead to a thicker depleted area.
Experimental investigation of soil–structure interface behaviour under monotonic and cyclic thermal loading
Authors: Guo Yimu , Golchin Ali , Hicks Michael A. , Liu Songyu , Zhang Guozhu , Vardon Philip J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the monotonic and cyclic shearing response of a soil–structure interface is of critical importance for the application of thermal-active geo-structures. To investigate this, soils and soil–concrete interfaces were comprehensively tested with a temperature-controlled direct shear device under both fixed temperatures and thermal/mechanical cycles within the range of 2–38 °C. Monotonic and cyclic shearing with various boundary conditions, including constant normal load (CNL), constant normal stiffness (CNS) and constant volume (CV), were conducted to resemble the conditions that thermal-active-geo-structures may experience. The strength properties of the sand, clay, and sand–concrete and clay–concrete interfaces were partially influenced by heating and cooling under all boundary conditions. However, several effects were observed which could affect the performance of thermo-active structures. Heating cycles caused the clay–concrete interface to be overconsolidated, implying a lower excess pore pressure would be generated during shearing. The cyclic CNS tests suggested that the interface strength could degrade due to (thermally induced) cyclic shear displacements, with this effect strongly related to the state of the soil rather than the temperature directly. In these tests, the medium-dense sand–concrete interface degraded to almost zero shear strength after 5 cycles, whereas the clay–concrete interface asymptotically degraded to around 60% of its strength after 10 cycles.
Consolidation and swelling behavior of kaolinite clay containing xanthan gum biopolymer
Authors: Kwon Yeong-Man , Chang Ilhan , Cho Gye-Chun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecently, microbial biopolymer-based soil treatment (BPST) has gained attention for its application in environmentally friendly soil stabilization, particularly for enhancing the strength and stability of fine-grained soils. However, the effects of BPST on clay’s compressibility (consolidation) and expansion (swelling) behaviors remain unclear. This study used xanthan gum, a microbially produced polysaccharide with anionic charges, to stabilize kaolinite clay. The effect of xanthan gum BPST on the consolidation and swelling behavior of cohesive kaolinite clays was assessed through a series of experimental tests, including one-dimensional consolidation tests with elastic wave measurements, swelling tests, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and unconsolidated-undrained triaxial tests. The formation of xanthan gum hydrogels induces pore-clogging, resulting in a delay in the consolidation process, increased energy dissipation, and compressibility. Furthermore, the interaction between kaolinite and xanthan gum improved the undrained shear strength of kaolinite soils, thereby reducing the consolidation time required for a specific bearing capacity. This study demonstrates the possible application of controlling hydraulic conductivity, seismic stabilization, and rapid surface stabilization. However, additional drainage is necessary for in situ applications.
On nilcompactifications of prime spectra of commutative rings
Authors: Acosta Gempeler Lorenzo , Rubio Perilla I. Marcela 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGiven a ring R and one of its proper ideals S, we obtain a compactification of the prime spectrum of S through a mainly algebraic process. We call it the R-nilcompactification of $$\textrm{Spec}S$$

Spec
S

. We study some categorical properties of this construction.
Study of Tribological Properties of Bulk Nanostructured Aluminum and Copper Samples Applicable in Automotive Bearing Application
Authors: Eskandarzade Mehdi , Masalehdan Tahereh , Tutunchi Abolfazl , Osouli-Bostanabad Karim , Hildyard Robin , Bewsher Stephen Rickie , Mohammadpour Mahdi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing lightweight systems and friction reduction approaches are two main contributors towards modern and efficient powertrains in the automotive industry. New materials and processes are required to achieve the demanding and ever-increasing performance requirement of automotive systems. Nanostructure induced by severe plastic deformation methods involves bimodal microstructures and hence, shows exceptional mechanical characteristics which can be exploited for automotive application. Through this study, samples were prepared using pure copper, aluminum alloy (series 7000) and were processed to attain bulk nanostructured samples using a Single Step High Pressure Torsion technique with appropriate dimensions applicable as the rolling elements of automotive bearings. The induced nanostructures resulted micro hardness and frictional characteristics of the bulk samples were assessed using transmission electron (TEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopies as well as microhardness evaluations. The results revealed that a fully refined nanostructured samples were achieved with 90% increase in the hardness at the outer diameter of the sample. The AFM measurements indicated that the friction coefficient of nanostructured copper and aluminum samples were ~ 25 and ~ 45% less than that of both the unprocessed samples, respectively. Characteristics of treated samples suggest that these processes can be potentially used in demanding conditions of rolling element bearings with reduced weight and frictional losses.
Penalty contracts: is it all about paying the cash upfront?
Authors: Essl Andrea , Friedrich Kathrin , Schumacher Stefanie , von Bieberstein Frauke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe experimentally investigate the relevance of a cash upfront payment for the effort-enhancing effect of penalty contracts. We find that penalty contracts where participants receive the upfront payment physically before working on a real effort task induce more effort than penalty contracts where participants are only informed about the upfront payment. When comparing penalty contracts with economically-equivalent bonus contracts, we find that penalty contracts lead to higher effort provision than bonus contracts, but only if participants physically receive the upfront cash payment in advance. We suggest that the higher salience of the cash upfront payment might be a core driver of the detected framing effect. Our findings emphasize the importance of experimental design choices when studying framed incentive contracts.