bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of gut microbiota composition on black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel) metabolic indices and pesticide degradation
Authors: ElKraly Omnia Abdullah , Awad Mona , El-Saadany Hassan Mohamed , Hassanein Sameh E. , Elrahman Tahany Abd , Elnagdy Sherif M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEndosymbionts are known to have significant effects on their insect hosts, including nutrition, reproduction, and immunity. Insects gut microbiota is a critical component that affects their physiological and behavioral characteristics. The black cutworm (BCW), Agrotis ipsilon, is an economically important lepidopteran pest that has a diverse gut microbiome composed of nine species belonging to three phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. This study was conducted to investigate the diversity of gut bacteria isolated from BCW larvae and moths and their effects on metabolism and pesticide degradation. The bacterial isolates were identified using the 16 S rRNA gene. The study showed that the gut microbiome composition significantly affected the metabolism of BCW larvae. Based on the screening results of synthesis of digestive enzymes and pesticide degradation, Brachybacterium conglomeratum and Glutamicibacter sp were selected to perform the remaining experiments as single isolates and consortium. The consortium-fed larvae showed high metabolic indices compared to antibiotic-fed larvae and the control. The gut bacteria were also shown to degrade three pesticide groups. Concerns regarding the health risk of chlorpyrifos have been raised due to its extensive use in agriculture. The isolated B. conglomeratum was more effective in chlorpyrifos degradation than the consortium. Furthermore, the study also examined the presence of sex related endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, and Rickettsia) in the reproductive tissues of adults. The outcomes demonstrated that none of the examined endosymbionts existed. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of the gut microbiome in insect physiology and behavior and its potential applications in biotechnology. It provides insights into developing eco-friendly pest control and bioremediation strategies using gut bacteria.
Genotype-Specific Cortisol Reserve in a Cohort of Subjects With Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (NCCAH)
Authors: Koren Ilana , Weintrob Naomi , Kebesch Rebekka , Majdoub Hussein , Stein Nili , Naor Shulamit , Segev-Becker Anat 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Context
Recent guidelines suggest that patients with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) stop glucocorticoid therapy after achieving adult height. However, these guidelines do not differentiate between NCCAH genotype groups.

Objective
Compare ACTH-stimulated cortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) levels, and the rate of partial cortisol insufficiency in subjects with NCCAH carrying one mild and one severe (mild/severe) mutation vs subjects with biallelic mild (mild/mild) mutations.

Methods
Retrospective evaluation of the medical records of 122 patients who presented with postnatal virilization and were diagnosed with NCCAH. Patients underwent standard intravenous 0.25 mg/m2 ACTH stimulation testing. Those with stimulated 17OHP level ≥40 nmol/L were screened for the 9 most frequent CYP21A2 gene mutations followed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. A stimulated cortisol level below 500 nmol/L was defined as partial cortisol deficiency.

Results
Patients were subdivided into 3 genotype groups: 77 carried the mild/mild genotype, mainly homozygous for p.V281L mutation; 29 were compound heterozygous for mild/severe mutation, mainly p.V281L/p.I2Splice, and 16 were heterozygous for p.V281L, and were excluded from statistical evaluation. Stimulated cortisol levels were significantly lower in the mild/severe than in the mild/mild group (mean ± SD, 480 ± 90 vs 570 ± 125 nmol/L, P &lt; .001). The mild/severe group exhibited a significantly higher rate of partial cortisol insufficiency (21/28, 75% vs 28/71, 39%, P = .004). Peak 17OHP was significantly higher in the mild/severe group (198 ± 92 vs 118 ± 50 nmol/L, P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The high rate of partial adrenal insufficiency in the mild/severe group underscores the need to carefully consider the value of glucocorticoid therapy cessation and the importance of stress coverage in this group.
A Rending and a Raising: Ecstatic Religiosity and Textual Renewal in J. M. Coetzee's Jesus Trilogy
Authors: Tan Ian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This essay considers the abstract aesthetics of J. M. Coetzee's Jesus trilogy—The Childhood of Jesus, The Schooldays of Jesus, and The Death of Jesus—as emphasizing the pertinence of the religious in terms of a rupturing of an ontotheological vision of the world. It analyzes Coetzee's employment of religious allegory in the trilogy as a commentary on the birth of religious consciousness that finds its ultimate meaning in an opening out of hermetic experience toward social community and unthematizable singularity. Using Jean-Luc Nancy's ideas of Christianity as a deconstructive event and the ecstatic sense of the world, this essay traces the thematic cohesion of the trilogy in terms of an understanding of divinity that provides an atheological grounding of phenomenological sense. This reading not only emphasizes Coetzee's turn toward a “leaner” style in his late writing as the mark of a unique novelistic outlook toward the pertinence of transcendence in a postsecular world, but also engages with previous readings of allegory in Coetzee's work to posit a different understanding of allegory to be a conscious textual choice that both separates and ties together “fallen” temporality and the redemptive potentialities of literature, resulting in a sense of reality that stubbornly leads outside of it.
Understanding Molecular Transfer between Aqueous Phase and Reverse Micelles and Its Application to Bioassays in Microfluidics
Authors: Fukuyama Mao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Micrometer-sized water-in-oil droplets (microdroplets) are attracting attention as carriers for the high-throughput parallel analysis of trace samples. By confining trace amounts of water-soluble samples or reagents within a microdroplet, reactions and detection can be performed while suppressing diffusion dilution. Although many manipulation methods for droplets, such as mixing, merging, and splitting using microfluidic channels have been reported, concentration enrichment and purification techniques for microdroplet inclusions have been limited. Our recently developed method for selective concentration enrichment of microdroplet contents focuses on molecular transport between microdroplets and reverse micelles.
Impact of Water- and Land-Based Exercise Training on Risk Factors and Vascular Function in Middle-Aged and Older Men and Women
Authors: GREEN DANIEL J. , SILVA GUSTAVO O. , SMITH KURT J. , MASLEN BARBARA A. , COX KAY L. , LAUTENSCHLAGER NICOLA T. , PESTELL CARMELA F. , AINSLIE PHILIP N. , HAYNES ANDREW , NAYLOR LOUISE H. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Exercise improves vascular function, but it is unclear whether benefits are mediated by traditional cardiovascular risk factors or whether sex differences in training effects exist in older adults. We hypothesized that exercise would improve cardiovascular risk factors, that males and females would benefit similarly, and that improvements in risk factors would correlate with changes in vascular function.

Methods
Seventy-two healthy middle-aged/older adults (age, 62 ± 7 yr; 26%♂) were randomized to a land-walking (n = 23), water-walking (n = 25), or a nonexercise control group (C; n = 23). The exercise groups undertook supervised and monitored training three times a week for 50 min per session, across 24 wk. Blood pressure, body composition (dual x-ray absorptiometry), blood lipids and glucose, and flow-mediated brachial artery dilation were assessed in all participants at weeks 0 and 24. To maximize power for sex differences and correlation analyses, we pooled the training groups (land-walking + water-walking).

Results
Training prevented increases in LDL and total cholesterol/HDL ratio observed in the nonexercise control group. No group by time interactions were observed for other risk factors. Sex differences in training effects existed for visceral fat (−187 ± 189 g♂ vs −15 ± 161 g♀; P = 0.006) and lean mass (−352 ± 1045 g♂ vs 601 ± 1178 g♀; P = 0.008). Improvement in flow-mediated brachial artery dilation was correlated with decreased waist girth (r = −0.450, P = 0.036), but not with other risk factors.

Conclusions
Exercise training prevented deterioration in lipid levels, whereas sex differences existed for body composition changes with training. Improvement in vascular function was not dependent on changes in risk factors in middle-aged/older adults, suggesting that artery health may be dependent on other exercise-related stimuli.
Prognostic role of tumor budding in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Kalmegh Padmashri , Hande Alka , Gawande Madhuri , Patil Swati , Sonone Archana , Pakhale Aayushi 
Published: September 2023

Background: Tumor budding (TB) is defined as a single cell or a cluster of up to five tumor cells at the invasion front of all oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases. Tumor budding is considered a marker of many important events in oral carcinoma, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, metastasis, and for further prognosis. Methods: A total of 30 clinically and histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSCC were retrieved from the archival of the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. After assessing the sections for the presence of TB, it is further categorized into high-intensity TB and low-intensity TB. Results: We found a strong association between lymph node metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and histopathological grading in the current study. There was no association between TB and a patient's survival rate. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the significance of tumor budding, its relevance to prognosis, and reproducibility, as well as the significance of its evaluation and incorporation into routine surgical pathology practice in the management of OSCC. As a result, we believe that tumor budding is a crucial factor in determining tumor behavior.
Case Report: Chest Pain as an Uncommon Presentation for Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Female Patient Using SGLT2 inhibitor
Authors: M. Abbas Shahd , Jamal A.bagi Fajr , Abdalkarim Asmaa , Sabir Balla Nematalla , Abdelrahman Amro , Y Fadul Khalid 
Published: September 2023

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are well-recognised antidiabetic medications among clinicians due to its highly protective effects on cardiovascular and renal systems on diabetic patients. However, one of its uncommonly reported side effects is the development of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EuDKA) which is characterized by mild hyperglycemia, ketosis and acidosis. Chest pain as a clinical presentation of EuDKA has been rarely reported in the literature. We present a case of a 46-year-old female with a past medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia presented to the hospital with central chest pain that radiates to the back and is associated with mild shortness of breath and one bout of vomiting. She had been taking dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, for four years. She was found to have a blood glucose level of 7 mmol\L, high anion gap metabolic acidosis and ketonuria. Toxicology screening was unremarkable. She was diagnosed as a case of SGLT2-induced EuDKA and was treated with fluid, insulin and potassium chloride (KCL). Her hospital course went smoothly. Dapagloflzi was discontinued, and she was discharged home on oral metformin and subcutaneous insulin. This study highlights the rare occurance of chest pain as a presentation of EuDKA, an uncommon side effect of the widely used SGLT2 inhibitors. Chest pain in patients using SGLT2 Inhibitors should raise the clinician's suspicion for possible EuDKA.
Whether to Apply
Authors: Coffman Katherine B. , Collis Manuela R. , Kulkarni Leena 
Published: September 2023

Labor market outcomes depend, in part, upon an individual’s willingness to put him- or herself forward for different opportunities. We use a series of experiments to explore gender differences in willingness to apply for higher-return, more challenging work. We find that, in male-typed domains, qualified women are significantly less likely to apply than similarly well-qualified men. We provide evidence both in a controlled setting and in the field that reducing ambiguity surrounding required qualifications increases the rate at which qualified women apply. The effects are mixed for men. Our results point to a way to increase the pool of qualified women applicants. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was funded by the National Science Foundation [Grant 1713752] and Harvard Business School. Supplemental Material: The e-companion and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4907 .
Profiting from Data Commons: Theory, Evidence, and Strategy Implications
Authors: Potts Jason , Torrance Andrew , Harhoff Dietmar , von Hippel Eric 
Published: September 2023

We define data commons as repositories of freely-accessible, “open source” innovation-related data, information and knowledge. Data commons are and can be a significant resource for both innovating and innovation-adopting firms and individuals. First, the availability of free data and information from such commons reduces the innovation-specific private or open investment required to access the data and make the next innovative advance. Second, the fact that the data are freely accessible lowers transactions costs substantially. In this paper, we draw on the theory and empirical evidence regarding innovation commons in general and data commons in particular. Based on these foundations, we consider strategic decisions in the private and public domain: how can individuals, firms and societies profit from data commons? We first discuss the varying nature of and contents of data commons, their functioning, and the value they provide to private innovators and to social welfare. We next explore the several types of data commons extant today, and their mechanisms of action. We find that those who develop innovation-related information at private cost already have, surprisingly often, an economic incentive to freely reveal their information to a data commons. However, we also find and discuss important exceptions. We conclude with suggestions regarding needed innovation research, data commons “engineering”, and innovation policymaking that could together increase private and social welfare via enhancement of data commons. Funding: D. Harhoff was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [CRC TRR 190].
Experimental demonstration of the quantum noise randomized cipher based on cascaded phase shift keying without a high-level digital-to-analog converter
Authors: Zhao Jiaqi , Li Yunkun , Pu Tao , Zheng Jilin , Zhou Hua , Wang Xiaohu , Wu Gengze , Zhou Han , Liu Juan 
Published: September 2023

To break the dependence on a high-speed and high-resolution digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in the traditional quantum noise randomized cipher (QNRC), a practical DAC-free modulation scheme based on cascaded phase-shift keying (PSK) is proposed and demonstrated by a proof-of-concept experiment. By employing seven cascaded phase modulators (PMs) driven by designed electrical voltage signals, a 128 PSK-QNRC system is achieved with a transmission rate of 10 Gbaud/s and a transmission distance more than 50 km, which eliminates the need for a DAC on the transmitter side. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme is compared to that of a traditional scheme based on an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) with a sampling rate of 25 GSa/s. The results show that compared to a traditional scheme, the power penalties of the proposed scheme are −1.8dB, 0.9 dB, and 1 dB, respectively, at the rates of 10, 5, and 2.5 Gbps. In other words, the BER performance of the proposed scheme is close to the traditional scheme at a low transmission rate, but better than that of the traditional scheme at a high transmission rate, where the sampling rate of the DAC is not high enough to generate a complete waveform. This work greatly enhances the security of a QNRC system.
Dynamic range enhancement of self-referenced spectral interferometry with extended time excursion method by the cascaded Kerr lens process
Authors: Xuan Yaping , Shen Xiong , Liang Wenhai , Xu Yilin , Chen Renjing , Du Shuman , Wang Peng , Liu Jun , Li Ruxin 
Published: September 2023

Self-referenced spectral interferometry with extended time excursion (SRSI-ETE) is a powerful method for single-shot characterization of the temporal contrast of a high peak power laser, which has high temporal resolution but a low dynamic range. Here, a temporal contrast reduction method is proposed that uses the cascaded Kerr lens process in two thin glass plates. Combined with the SRSI-ETE method, the measurement dynamic range of the method is increased about two orders of magnitude while having a 20 fs temporal resolution and a 40 ps time window in single shot.
Terahertz magneto-optical metadevice for active spin-selective beam steering and energy distribution with nonreciprocal isolation
Authors: Zhao Dan , Fan Fei , Liu Jiayue , Tan Zhiyu , Wang Hao , Yang Qinghui , Wen Qiye , Chang Shengjiang 
Published: September 2023

Active beam steering and energy distribution have important
applications for terahertz (THz) communication, radar, and imaging.
However, the spin-conjugated mirror symmetry of a passive
Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) metasurface limits the active energy
distribution. Here, we prepared a low dispersion, low loss, and high
magneto-optical coefficient La:YIG single crystal, ±45∘ Faraday rotation angle that can be
actively tuned by a weak magnetic field in broadband THz range at room
temperature. Based on this functional material, a THz magneto-optical
(MO) spin-modulated metadevice has been demonstrated, which is
integrated with a La:YIG, an anisotropic metasurface, and a PB
metasurface layer. The spin-conjugated mirror symmetry is broken by
the MO chirality effect and photonic spin Hall effect in this
metadevice so that spin-selective beam steering within the range of ±27∘−±41∘ is dynamically manipulated by
external magnetic fields and power distribution can be tuned with the
max modulation depth of 91.6%. More importantly, the MO crystal
introduces nonreciprocal phase shift between two spin states so that
the device not only achieves active THz beam steering but also
provides isolation for reflected waves with the max isolation of
23 dB. This mechanism of THz nonreciprocal spin beam steering
provides multiple functions for THz point-to-point networking
communication, anti-shielding, anti-interference, and power
distribution.
Gene mutations as a non-invasive measure of adult cochlear implant performance: Variable outcomes in patients with select TMPRSS3 mutations
Authors: Cottrell Justin , Dixon Peter , Cao Xingshan , Kiss Alex , Smilsky Kari , Kaminskas Kassandra , Ng Amy , Shipp David , Dimitrijevic Andrew , Chen Joseph , Lin Vincent , Kyriakopoulou Lianna , Le Trung 
Published: September 2023

Background
The cochlear implant (CI) has proven to be a successful treatment for patients with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss, however outcome variance exists. We sought to evaluate particular mutations discovered in previously established sensory and neural partition genes and compare post-operative CI outcomes.

Materials and methods
Utilizing a prospective cohort study design, blood samples collected from adult patients with non-syndromic hearing loss undergoing CI were tested for 54 genes of interest with high-throughput sequencing. Patients were categorized as having a pathogenic variant in the sensory partition, pathogenic variant in the neural partition, pathogenic variant in both sensory and neural partition, or with no variant identified. Speech perception performance was assessed pre- and 12 months post-operatively. Performance measures were compared to genetic mutation and variant status utilizing a Wilcoxon rank sum test, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results
Thirty-six cochlear implant patients underwent genetic testing and speech understanding measurements. Of the 54 genes that were interrogated, three patients (8.3%) demonstrated a pathogenic mutation in the neural partition (within TMPRSS3 genes), one patient (2.8%) demonstrated a pathogenic mutation in the sensory partition (within the POU4F3 genes). In addition, 3 patients (8.3%) had an isolated neural partition variance of unknown significance (VUS), 5 patients (13.9%) had an isolated sensory partition VUS, 1 patient (2.8%) had a variant in both neural and sensory partition, and 23 patients (63.9%) had no mutation or variant identified. There was no statistically significant difference in speech perception scores between patients with sensory or neural partition pathogenic mutations or VUS. Variable performance was found within patients with TMPRSS3 gene mutations.

Conclusion
The impact of genetic mutations on post-operative outcomes in CI patients was heterogenous. Future research and dissemination of mutations and subsequent CI performance is warranted to elucidate exact mutations within target genes providing the best non-invasive prognostic capability.
Global nature conservation and the apparent ineffective adaptation to climate pressures
Authors: Hielkema Titus W , Schipper Cor A , Gersonius Berry 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects climate change effects based on several scenarios and highlights the potential regional changes of bioclimatic pressures up until 2100. Understanding the effects of climate change on the ecosystems is of utmost importance for nature conservation; biodiversity in riverine and coastal areas is threatened by temperature increase by weather-related events like floods and droughts. This study evaluates the impact of climate change on the performance of a given nature-based solution and nature conservation management plan's success (or failure) to account for climate change. For the purpose of the evaluation, management plans are analysed against the UN Sustainable Development Goals targets.
The case studies analysed include twelve nature-based solution sites in riverine and coastal areas, distributed across Europe, Oceania and North America. Their sustainable development goals performance is analysed quantitatively for the Sustainable Development Goals-Sustainable Index Score, open-source indicator data and qualitatively for the nature conservation management plans. Sustainable development goals considered include the following: clean water and sanitation (6); industry, innovation & infrastructure (9); sustainable cities and communities (11); responsible consumption and production (12); climate action (13); life below water (14); life on land (15). The International Panel on Climate Change projections under the Shared Socio-economic Pathways1-2.6 and Shared Socio-economic Pathways5-8.5 scenarios are used to gain evidence of the role nature-based solutions and nature conservation management plans can play in adaptation trajectories for climate change and biodiversity conservation.
The results highlight that most nature conservation management plans and the nature-based solution they typically rely upon, do not pay sufficient attention to climate change. The evidence suggests that the studied nature-based solution sites are not on track to achieve selected sustainable development goals when climate change impacts under the Shared Socio-economic Pathways1-2.6 and Shared Socio-economic Pathways5-8.5 scenarios are factored in. Through this evaluation, riverine conservation areas are identified as requiring more rigorous climate adaptation strategies and nature conservation planning to enhance resilience and to have the potential of fulfilling the addressed SDGs.