bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations among body mass index, working memory performance, gray matter volume, and brain activation in healthy children
Authors: Zhang Yaqi , Ji Weibin , Jiang Fukun , Wu Feifei , Li Guanya , Hu Yang , Zhang Wenchao , Wang Jia , Fan Xiao , Wei Xiaorong , Manza Peter , Tomasi Dardo , Volkow Nora D , Gao Xinbo , Wang Gene-Jack , Zhang Yi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the association between poorer working memory performance and higher body mass index (BMI) in children. We employed structural-(sMRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a 2-back working memory task to examine brain abnormalities and their associations with BMI and working memory performance in 232 children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and 244 normal weight children (NW) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset. OW/OB had lower working memory accuracy, which was associated with higher BMI. They showed smaller gray matter (GM) volumes in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG_L), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbital frontal cortex, and medial superior frontal gyrus, which were associated with lower working memory accuracy. During the working memory task, OW/OB relative to NW showed weaker activation in the left superior temporal pole, amygdala, insula, and bilateral caudate. In addition, caudate activation mediated the relationship between higher BMI and lower working memory accuracy. Higher BMI is associated with smaller GM volumes and weaker brain activation in regions involved with working memory. Task-related caudate dysfunction may account for lower working memory accuracy in children with higher BMI.
Knowledge of Strategies to Teach Reading Components among Teachers of Hard of Hearing Students
Authors: Alasim Khalid N 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigated Saudi Arabian elementary school teachers’ knowledge of strategies to teach reading components to hard of hearing students. The study focused on four of the five reading components the National Reading Panel (NPR, 2000) identified: phonemic awareness; phonics; vocabulary; and reading comprehension, and explored the relation between teachers’ demographic characteristics and their knowledge of the strategies as well. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used that included two phases. The quantitative phase examined the knowledge of these Arabic reading components among 89 elementary school teachers of hard of hearing students, and the qualitative phase consisted of interviews with 10 teachers. The results indicated that the teachers have a great deal of knowledge (above the mean score) of strategies to teach reading components. Specifically, teachers’ knowledge of strategies to teach the vocabulary component was the highest. The results also showed no significant association between teachers’ demographic characteristics and their knowledge of strategies to teach reading components. The qualitative analysis revealed two themes: (1) teachers’ lack of basic knowledge of strategies to teach reading components, and (2) the absence of in-service courses and training programs in reading for teachers.
Coaching Caregivers of Children who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Brock Aleah S , Bass-Ringdahl Sandie M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study explored the impact of a caregiver training intervention on caregivers’ use of individually selected facilitative language techniques (FLTs) with their children (ranging from 14 to 27 months of age) who were deaf or hard of hearing. In addition, the study sought to identify real-time relationships between caregiver input and child output. Finally, the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system was used to assess generalization of intervention gains to the natural environment. Intervention was delivered via a telehealth approach to train four caregivers to utilize a targeted FLT with their child. Pre-baseline LENA recordings guided selection of treatment targets, and post-intervention LENA recordings were used to assess generalization to the natural environment. All caregivers demonstrated increases in use of their targeted FLT in structured intervention sessions and maintained them 2–6 weeks after the conclusion of intervention. All children demonstrated an increase in their developmentally appropriate vocalizations in tandem with caregiver FLT increases. Results indicate that coaching can be used to increase caregiver responsiveness, changes which were found to carry over into the home environment.
Insights for Foreign Policy Analysis from European Union External Action Studies
Authors: Gstöhl Sieglinde , Schunz Simon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The European Union (EU) has increasingly become a foreign policy actor in its own right, sparking the emergence of EU External Action Studies (EU EAS). Although this thriving field at the intersection of EU Studies and International Relations has gradually matured, the interaction of EU EAS with Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) has so far remained limited. This contribution discusses whether concepts and approaches from EU EAS hold valuable theoretical insights for FPA, and how these could be exploited. It argues that there is a largely untapped potential for cross-fertilization between the two fields. This claim is illustrated with several examples as well as two short instructive cases that show how the approach to studying the EU's “external effectiveness” helps addressing FPA's blind spot regarding foreign policy impacts, and how the critical agenda on “decentering” EU external action directs much-needed attention to the “foreign” in FPA.
Development of Prognostic Prediction Model to Estimate Mortality for Frail Oldest Old: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gu Yaohua , Wu Wenwen , Kong Chan , Luo Qiaoqian , Ran Li , Tan Xiaodong , Zhang Qing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study was performed to derive and validate a prognostic prediction model for individualized estimation of mortality risk among the frail oldest old (aged 80 years or older).MethodsThis analysis was based on the prospective open cohort study from the Chinese Longevity and Health Longitudinal Survey. A total of 14 118 frail oldest old were included from the 2002 wave to 2014 waves; the study outcome was all-cause mortality. Available predictors included frailty, demographics, and social factors. Cox models were used to estimate the coefficients of the predictors and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used for selecting predictors. Model performance was measured by discrimination and calibration with internal validation by bootstrapping. We also developed a nomogram to visualize and predict the 3-year mortality risk based on the obtained prognostic prediction model.ResultsDuring the 16-years follow-up, 10 410 (76.42%) deaths were identified. The final model comprises the following factors: frailty, age, sex, race, birthplace, education, occupation, marital status, residence, economic condition, number of children, and the question “who do you ask for help first when in trouble.” The model has valid predictive ability as measured and validated by Harrell’s C statistic (0.602) and calibration plots.ConclusionsThis study provides a basic prognostic prediction model to quantify absolute mortality risk for the frail oldest old. Future studies are needed, firstly, to update, adjust, and perform external validation of the present model by using phenotypic frailty, and secondly, to add biomarkers, environmental, and psychological factors to the prediction model.
Shear wave velocity structure and crustal lithology beneath the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge at 50° E
Authors: Niu Xiongwei , Minshull T A , Li Jiabiao , Ruan Aiguo , Wu Zhenli , Wei Xiaodong , Wang Wei , Li Yan , Bayrakci G , Dong Chongzhi , Ding Weiwei , Fang Yinxia , Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARY
Shear wave velocities provide an important constraint on crustal lithology. Limited crustal shear wave data are available from the ultraslow spreading mid-ocean ridges. We combine observations of both compressional (P) and shear (S) waves in ocean–bottom seismometer data from the Southwest Indian Ridge to determine crustal P-wave velocity (Vp), S-wave velocity (Vs), Vp/Vs and Poisson's ratio variations along the ridge at 49°17′E–50°49′E. Similar layered crustal structures were revealed beneath both the magmatically robust segment centres (Vp/Vs of 1.76–1.94, Poisson's ratio of 0.26–0.32) and the non-transform discontinuity (NTD) between them (Vp/Vs of 1.76–2.03 and Poisson's ratio of 0.26–0.34). Because laboratory measurements show an overlap in Poisson's ratio between mafic igneous and ultramafic rocks, particularly at Vp values typical of oceanic Layer 3, it can be difficult to distinguish crustal composition using this parameter only. However, our observed Vp gradients of 0.1 ± 0.1 s−1 suggest that in this area, oceanic Layer 3 consists primarily of mafic igneous rocks both at segment centres and at the NTD. Oceanic crustal Layers 2A and 2B above are likely also to consist of mafic igneous rocks, with some evidence for increased fracturing at the NTD.
Effect ofMAOADNA Methylation on Human in Vivo Protein Expression Measured by [11C]harmine Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Handschuh Patricia A , Murgaš Matej , Vraka Chrysoula , Nics Lukas , Hartmann Annette M , Winkler-Pjrek Edda , Baldinger-Melich Pia , Wadsak Wolfgang , Winkler Dietmar , Hacker Marcus , Rujescu Dan , Domschke Katharina , Lanzenberger Rupert , Spies Marie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpigenetic modifications like DNA methylation are understood as an intermediary between environmental factors and neurobiology. Cerebral monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) levels are altered in depression, as are DNA methylation levels within the MAOA gene, particularly in the promoter/exon I/intron I region. An effect of MAOA methylation on peripheral protein expression was shown, but the extent to which methylation affects brain MAO-A levels is not fully understood.MethodsHere, the influence of MAOA promoter/exon I/intron I region DNA methylation on global MAO-A distribution volume (VT), an index of MAO-A density, was assessed via [11C]harmine positron emission tomography in 22 patients (14 females) suffering from seasonal affective disorder and 30 healthy controls (17 females).ResultsNo significant influence of MAOA DNA methylation on global MAO-A VT was found, despite correction for health status, sex, season, and MAOA variable number of tandem repeat genotype. However, season affected average methylation in women, with higher levels in spring and summer (Puncorr = .03). We thus did not find evidence for an effect of MAOA DNA methylation on brain MAO-A VT.ConclusionsIn contrast to a previous study demonstrating an effect of methylation of a MAOA promoter region located further 5’ on brain MAO-A, MAOA methylation of the region assessed here appears to affect brain protein levels to a limited extent at most. The observed effect of season on methylation levels is in accordance with extensive evidence for seasonal effects within the serotonergic system.Clinicaltrials.gov IdentifierNCT02582398 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02582398).
Remembering the Shared History of (Eur)Asia: Is This a Good Idea in the Twenty-First Century?
Authors: Zarakol Ayşe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
If we assume the premise of this forum that we are indeed moving from a Transatlantic to an Afro-Eurasian World, it still remains to be seen what role ‘Asia’ will play in shaping that world. And what one imagines ‘Asia’ can do has much to do with what one imagines ‘Asia’ to be. In this research note, I argue first that the geographical space we call Asia today does have a connected history that goes back almost a millennium (if not longer) and then also consider the reasons why that history is not invoked more in contemporary debates.
Evaluation of Outcomes Following Surgical Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Romanowski Kathleen S , Galet Colette , Torres Marlon , Wibbenmeyer Lucy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a chronic disease of the apocrine bearing skin causing induration, pain, draining sinuses, and subcutaneous abscesses, significantly impairs patients’ quality of life (QOL). Full-thickness excision followed by skin grafting of the involved area can be curative. Herein, we evaluated the impact of this surgical treatment on QOL and depression symptomatology. Adult patients (≥18 years) who consented to participate filled out the dermatology quality of life (DLQI) and the Patient History Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at consent and at 1, 6, and 12 months post-initial evaluation and surgery. Demographics, HS, admission, and operative information were collected. Sixteen patients were included. Subjects were mainly white (81.3 %) and female (56.3%) with a median age of 38.2 (Interquartile range: 34.2–54.5); 62.5% were obese (BMI= 39.7 [28.4–50.6]). Half of the subjects presented with HS in 2 or more areas. Six patients were still undergoing surgeries at 6 months. One-, six-, and 12-month follow-up surveys were obtained from 14, 11, and 8 subjects for DQLI and from 14, 9, and 5 subjects for PHQ9. DLQI scores significantly decreased at 6 months compared to baseline, which indicates QOL improvement (10 [4–20] vs 15.5 [12–21.8], P = .036). Although not significant, PHQ9 scores tended to decrease. For those with the worst disease, DLQI significantly decreased at both 6 (P = .049) and 12 months (P = .047) compared to baseline. Despite a small sample size, our data suggest that aggressive surgical treatment improves the QOL of HS patients. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Randomized phase III study of daratumumab versus bortezomib plus daratumumab as maintenance therapy after D-MPB for transplant-ineligible patients with untreated multiple myeloma (JCOG1911, B-DASH study)
Authors: Suzuki Tomotaka , Terada Mitsumi , Machida Ryunosuke , Kataoka Tomoko , Ito Yuta , Kataoka Keisuke , Maruyama Dai , Nagai Hirokazu ,   Lymphoma Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group
Published: December 2022

AbstractDaratumumab, melphalan, prednisolone and bortezomib followed by daratumumab maintenance is a standard regimen for transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. A large-scale clinical trial demonstrated that progression-free survival declined more sharply during the maintenance phase than during the daratumumab, melphalan, prednisolone and bortezomib induction phase, which suggests the necessity of reinforcing maintenance therapy. This randomized phase III trial aims to confirm the superiority of daratumumab plus bortezomib to daratumumab as maintenance therapy in terms of progression-free survival for transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (JCOG1911, B-DASH). First registration (222 patients, within 5 years) was before daratumumab, melphalan, prednisolone and bortezomib administration; those who responded to daratumumab, melphalan, prednisolone and bortezomib were included in the second registration. They were randomized to the daratumumab or daratumumab plus bortezomib maintenance arm. This trial is registered in the Japan Registry for Clinical Trials as jRCT031200320 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/). An ancillary study examining the association of genetic alterations in myeloma cells with prognosis and drug resistance, using next-generation sequencing, is ongoing.
Analyzing the synchronism of stacking-fault formation in side-by-side SiC nanowire pairs using the Levenshtein distance: stochastic versus deterministic processes
Authors: Moriuchi Fuka , Kohno Hideo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pairs of silicon carbide nanowires were grown side by side synchronously from the same metal catalyst nanoparticles. The stacking sequences of each pair were read by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the similarity of each stacking sequence was measured using the Levenshtein distance. No synchronism was detected in the pairs of stacking sequences, and the results indicated that the formation of stacking faults in silicon carbide nanowires was not deterministic, but purely stochastic.
Hemiarthroplasty for tumor-induced osteomalacia caused by tumor localized in femoral head: a case report
Authors: Arita Sayaka , Nishino Tomofumi , Mitani Yuuki , Sakashita Kotaro , Totsuka Sho , Watanabe Ryunosuke , Mishima Hajime , Kawai Hitomi , Matsubara Daisuke , Oda Yoshionao , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare tumor-associated syndrome in which osteomalacia is induced by a tumor. A 67-year-old male patient presented for the first time with low back pain, weakness of the lower extremities and difficulty in walking. Six years earlier, he had nonspecific symptoms such as low back pain, and blood tests showed high alkaline phosphatase and low phosphorus. In addition, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) was abnormally high at 454 pg/mL. A diagnosis of FGF23-related hypophosphatemic osteomalacia was made. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, venous sampling and MRI were performed to localize and diagnose TIO. The tumor was found to be confined to the right femoral head and hemiarthroplasty was performed. Pathological examination revealed a phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor. Postoperatively, symptoms and blood test data improved. Although resection of the lesion and osteochondral transplantation or total hip arthroplasty were considered, hemiarthroplasty was chosen over concerns about treatment failure due to seeding.
Left-sided gallbladder ‘sinistroposition’ associated with an anatomical variant of cystic duct insertion: case report
Authors: Guachilema Ribadeneira Alex , Palacios Gordon Mauricio , Morocho Sandra , Bahamonde Edwin Guillermo , Basantes Andrea Daniela , Parra Valverde Estefanía 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
True left-sided gallbladder (LSGB) is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of 0.1–1.2%. It is more common in women than in men at a ratio of 5:1. Its etiology is unknown, although several theories have been proposed. The symptoms are similar to those of a normal gallbladder, which makes the preoperative diagnosis difficult despite imaging studies. In most cases, the diagnosis is achieved intraoperatively. LSGB is associated with biliary anomalies, and the incidence of biliary tract lesions is high. Four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure for LSGB. Surgical technique varies according to each case. Preoperative imaging studies have low sensitivity for diagnosis, and the surgeon should be familiar with ductal and vascular anatomical variants in addition to possessing the ability to change the conventional surgical technique to optimize the exposure and minimize the risk of bile duct injury.
FRB–SRB–XRB: Geometric and relativistic beaming constraints of fast radio bursts from the Galactic magnetar SGR J1935+2154
Authors: Chen Connery J , Zhang Bing 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The detection of a fast radio burst (FRB), FRB 200428, coincident with an X-ray burst (XRB) from the Galactic magnetar soft gamma repeater (SGR) SGR J1935+2154 suggests that magnetars can produce FRBs. Many XRBs have been detected from the source, but very few were found to be associated with bursty radio emission. Meanwhile, a number of weaker radio bursts have been detected from the source, which could in principle be slow radio bursts (SRBs): FRBs detected at viewing angles outside the FRB jet cone. In this paper, we use these X-ray and radio observations to constrain the geometric and relativistic beaming factors of FRBs under two hypotheses. First, we assume that all SRBs should be associated with XRBs like FRB 200428. We use the FRB–SRB closure relations to identify two SRBs and derive that FRB beaming must be geometrically narrow, θj ≲ 10−2 rad and follow θjΓ ∼ 2. Second, we assume a less stringent constraint for SRBs by not requiring that they are associated with XRBs. We identify a total of seven SRBs, five of which have Gaussian-like spectra, and derive that FRB beaming factors again follow θjΓ ∼ 2.
A probabilistic deep learning model to distinguish cusps and cores in dwarf galaxies
Authors: Expósito-Márquez J , Brook C B , Huertas-Company M , Di Cintio A , Macciò A V , Grand R J J , Battaglia G , Arjona-Gálvez E 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Numerical simulations within a cold dark matter (DM) cosmology form haloes whose density profiles have a steep inner slope (‘cusp’), yet observations of galaxies often point towards a flat central ‘core’. We develop a convolutional mixture density neural network model to derive a probability density function (PDF) of the inner density slopes of DM haloes. We train the network on simulated dwarf galaxies from the NIHAO and AURIGA projects, which include both DM cusps and cores: line-of-sight velocities and 2D spatial distributions of their stars are used as inputs to obtain a PDF representing the probability of predicting a specific inner slope. The model recovers accurately the expected DM profiles: $\sim 82{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the galaxies have a derived inner slope within ±0.1 of their true value, while $\sim 98{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ within ±0.3. We apply our model to four Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxies and find results consistent with those obtained with the Jeans modelling based code GravSphere: the Fornax dSph has a strong indication of possessing a central DM core, Carina and Sextans have cusps (although the latter with large uncertainties), while Sculptor shows a double peaked PDF indicating that a cusp is preferred, but a core cannot be ruled out. Our results show that simulation-based inference with neural networks provide a innovative and complementary method for the determination of the inner matter density profiles in galaxies, which in turn can help constrain the properties of the elusive DM.
Black software — the energy unsustainability of software systems in the 21st century
Authors: Manner Jukka 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Climate change is happening, and the information and communication technology (ICT) industry is providing solutions to enable a more sustainable future. ICT enables enhanced manufacturing processes, optimized logistics, solutions supporting environmental protection and solutions facilitating climate change adaptation, for example. The performance of ICT hardware and electronics has increased tremendously. The capabilities of microchips have increased ~100,000-fold in the past 30 years and the power efficiency has increased a million-fold. Yet, various reports show that the ICT sector increases its carbon footprint and energy consumption, while other sectors are lowering their impact on our planet. Thus, there seems to be an adverse development ongoing where most industry sectors can lower their carbon footprint while the ICT sector increases its consumption. This paper looks at the development of the ICT sector and seeks to understand the current development. We argue that a major reason for the rebound effect we are seeing within the ICT sector is the lack of understanding in energy consumption and the cost pressures of developing digital services. The results are software and services that could be much greener and energy efficient but seem to rather go toward a darker direction. The ICT industry and software engineering needs to do a clear change of course and take accountability of their activities.