bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in ileal transcriptomics during an intestinal barrier challenge in lactating Holstein cows fed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product identify potential regulatory processes
Authors: Jiang Qianming , Palombo Valentino , Sherlock Danielle N , Vailati-Riboni Mario , D’Andrea Mariasilvia , Yoon Ilkyu , Loor Juan J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Stressors such as lack of access to feed, hot temperatures, transportation, and pen changes can cause impairment of ruminal and intestinal barrier function, also known as “leaky gut”. Despite the known benefits of some nutritional approaches during periods of stress, little is understood regarding the underlying mechanisms, especially in dairy cows. We evaluated the effect of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; NutriTek, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) on the ileal transcriptome in response to feed restriction (FR), an established model to induce intestinal barrier dysfunction. Multiparous cows [97.1 ± 7.6 days in milk (DIM); n = 5/group] fed a control diet or control plus 19 g/d SCFP for 9 wk were subjected to an FR challenge for 5 d during which they were fed 40% of their ad libitum intake from the 7 d before FR. All cows were slaughtered at the end of FR, and ileal scrapping RNA was used for RNAseq (NovaSeq 6000, 100 bp read length). Statistical analysis was performed in R and bioinformatics using the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO databases. One thousand six hundred and ninety-six differentially expressed genes (DEG; FDR-adjusted P ≤ 0.10) were detected in SCFP vs. control, with 451 upregulated and 1,245 downregulated. “Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis” was the top downregulated KEGG pathway due to downregulation of genes catalyzing glycosylation of mucins (GCNT3, GALNT5, B3GNT3, GALNT18, and GALNT14). An overall downregulation of cell and tissue structure genes (e.g., extracellular matrix proteins) associated with collagen (COL6A1, COL1A1, COL4A1, COL1A2, and COL6A2), laminin (LAMB2), and integrins (ITGA8, ITGA2, and ITGA5) also were detected with SCFP. A subset of DEG enriched in the GO term “extracellular exosome” and “extracellular space”. Chemokines within “Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways” such as CCL16, CCL21, CCL14, CXCL12, and CXCL14 were downregulated by SCFP. The “Glutathione metabolism” pathway was upregulated by SCFP, including GSTA1 and RRM2B among the top upregulated genes, and GSTM1 and GPX8 as top downregulated genes. There were 9 homeobox transcription factors among the top 50 predicted transcription factors using the RNAseq DEG dataset, underscoring the importance of cell differentiation as a potential target of dietary SCFP. Taken together, SCFP downregulated immune-, ECM-, and mucin synthesis-related genes during FR. Homeobox transcription factors appear important for the transcriptional response of SCFP.
Genetic parameters for behavioral and growth traits of Nellore cattle
Authors: Freitas Anielly P , Lima Maria Lúcia P , Simili Flávia F , Schenkel Flávio S , Faro Lenira E , Santana Mario L , Paz Claudia Cristina P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The growing concern of consumers with the welfare of production animals searches welfare in a production system extremely important; thus, the study of animal temperament is necessary to select less excitable temperament animals resulting in healthy development and fewer accidents. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for traits related to animal temperament and growth traits of Nellore cattle. In addition to exploring the genetic pattern of these traits through cluster and principal component analysis (PCA), to reveal possible groups of individuals that express less excitable temperament and greater growth. A total of 2,332 measurements from 1,245 male and female Nellore cattle born between 2008 and 2016 were utilized in the study. The (co)variance components were estimated by Bayesian inference using a two-trait animal model. The heritability for temperament score (TS), flight speed (FS), body condition score (BCS), live weight (LW), and hip height (HH) were 0.08, 0.12, 0.06, 0.13, and 0.48, respectively. The genetic correlation between the temperament indicator traits was strong and positive (0.78 ± 0.24). The TS and FS showed a favorable or null genetic correlation with LW, BCS, and HH. The third cluster included animals with low EBV for TS and FS and with high EBV for BCS, LW, and HH. In the PCA, the PC1 was what best evidenced the aim of this study; thus, our findings suggest that we could explore select animals based on cluster 3 and PC1 in breeding programs to select Nellore cattle with less excitable temperament and greater growth.
Histamine excretion in common indoor and hematophagous arthropods
Authors: Principato Simona , Romero Alvaro , Lee Chow-Yang , Campbell Kathleen , Choe Dong-Hwan , Schal Coby , DeVries Zachary 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Histamine is a biogenic amine that regulates multiple physiological functions in diverse organisms, specifically playing a central role in the mammalian immune response. The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), excretes histamine in large amounts in its feces as a component of its aggregation pheromone, which contaminates homes. The potential health risks associated with the presence of indoor histamine are unclear, but to predict future exposure risks, it is critical that we understand if other arthropods excrete histamine in any discernible phylogenetic pattern. In the present study, we evaluated histamine excretion by various arthropods; specifically those commonly found in large numbers indoors, other hematophagous species, and other species in the order Hemiptera. To evaluate arthropods for histamine excretion, rearing containers for each arthropod were swabbed and/or the harborage substrates were collected. Samples were then analyzed for the presence of histamine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. For those arthropods where histamine was present above the method detection limit, total histamine excretion was quantified over a period of 2 wk. Our results indicate that histamine excretion is limited to hematophagous hemipterans (bed bugs, bat bugs, tropical bed bugs, and kissing bugs), suggesting that indoor histamine contamination in the United States can be primarily linked to bed bugs.
Comparative Analysis of Whole Blood Infusion Effects: Assessing LifeFlow Versus Pressure Bag in a Sus scrofa Model
Authors: Mancha Fabiola , Martinez Melody A , Sifuentes Dayana , Mendez Jessica , Arana Allyson A , Maddry Joseph K , Schauer Steven G 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
To improve survival for hemorrhagic shock treatment, guidelines emphasize two patient care priorities: (1) immediate hemorrhage control and (2) early resuscitation with whole blood or blood products. The LifeFlow device is designed to rapidly infuse blood products. However, the effects of using this device compared to pressure-bag systems remain unclear. We hypothesize that there will be no laboratory-measured difference with the blood when infused through the LifeFlow versus the current standard pressure bag system.

Methods
Two units of fresh whole blood were obtained from a sus scrofa model. One unit was “infused” using the LifeFlow with the other unit used as a control through a standard pressure bag system into an empty bag. The “before” measurements were obtained from blood samples from a standard fresh whole blood collection bag. The blood was “infused” into a whole blood bag devoid of storage solution from which the “after” measurements were obtained.

Results
This study utilized 22 clinically healthy sus scrofa. Blood units were primarily obtained from a left subclavian central line (50.0%). The median time to acquire and administer a unit of blood was similar for both the LifeFlow device (8.4 min and 8.1 min) and the pressure bag (8.7 min and 7.4 min). No significant differences were found in the total time to acquire or administer blood between the two devices. The median volume of blood acquired was 500 mL for both groups. While no significant differences in blood parameters were observed between the two devices, significant differences were noted when comparing pre- and post-transfusion values within each device. For the LifeFlow device, an increase in hemoglobin and chloride levels and a decrease in thromboplastin time and glucose levels were observed. With the pressure bag, only a decrease in blood urea nitrogen was observed.

Conclusions
In comparing the LifeFlow to the pressure bag, there were no significant differences noted in the total time to acquire or administer a whole unit of blood. However, there were differences with several laboratory parameters of unclear clinical significance.
Growth-dependent Gene Expression Variation Influences the Strength of Codon Usage Biases
Authors: Johnson Mackenzie M , Hockenberry Adam J , McGuffie Matthew J , Vieira Luiz Carlos , Wilke Claus O 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe most highly expressed genes in microbial genomes tend to use a limited set of synonymous codons, often referred to as “preferred codons.” The existence of preferred codons is commonly attributed to selection pressures on various aspects of protein translation including accuracy and/or speed. However, gene expression is condition-dependent and even within single-celled organisms transcript and protein abundances can vary depending on a variety of environmental and other factors. Here, we show that growth rate-dependent expression variation is an important constraint that significantly influences the evolution of gene sequences. Using large-scale transcriptomic and proteomic data sets in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we confirm that codon usage biases are strongly associated with gene expression but highlight that this relationship is most pronounced when gene expression measurements are taken during rapid growth conditions. Specifically, genes whose relative expression increases during periods of rapid growth have stronger codon usage biases than comparably expressed genes whose expression decreases during rapid growth conditions. These findings highlight that gene expression measured in any particular condition tells only part of the story regarding the forces shaping the evolution of microbial gene sequences. More generally, our results imply that microbial physiology during rapid growth is critical for explaining long-term translational constraints.
Overcoming diagnostic challenges in desmoplastic fibroma of the scapula: a rare case report
Authors: Razavipour Mehran , Akhlaghi Hadi , Abdollahi Amirsaleh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is an aggressive benign tumor that commonly affects long tubular bones. Also, the skull, mandible, pelvis and spine involvement have been reported. However, its occurrence in the scapula is extremely rare. In this case report, we present the challenging diagnosis and successful treatment of DF in a 27-year-old woman who had been experiencing worsening pain in her right shoulder for 5 years. Plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lucent, trabeculated and expansile infiltrative lesion, disrupting the posterior cortex and extended to the posterior soft tissue. After ruling out malignancy through a core needle biopsy, the patient underwent wide surgical resection of the tumor, which involved a hemi-scapulectomy. And histologic diagnosis consistent with DF, no postoperative radiation was administered. Remarkably, the patient became pain-free just 2 weeks after surgery. Follow-up examinations, X-rays and computed tomography scans conducted 6 weeks, 6 months and 18 months after surgery revealed no signs of recurrence.
Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum and diabetic ketoacidosis in fulminant type 1 diabetes: a case report
Authors: Sato Motoya , Toyoshima Kenji , Tamura Yoshiaki , Araki Atsushi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A 41-year-old woman was referred to our emergency department with a 3-day history of upper abdominal pain. We diagnosed her with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) after laboratory tests indicated a blood glucose level of 569 mg/dL, positive urine ketone bodies and metabolic acidosis. Plain computed tomography (CT) scan revealed free gas surrounding the porta hepatis and gastric pylorus, which disappeared on the subsequent contrast-enhanced CT scan. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated no perforations; therefore, we assumed that the free gas was caused by spontaneous pneumoperitoneum. The patient had fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, as evidenced by her glycated hemoglobin A1c level of 6.9%, reduced insulin secretion and negative islet-specific autoantibodies. Pneumoperitoneum did not recur with conservative treatment, and DKA improved with intravenous fluids and insulin administration. Conservative management of DKA with spontaneous pneumoperitoneum may be considered if the patient’s general condition is stable and there are no signs of peritoneal irritation.
Multiple Merkel cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Omar Abdullah , Alassil Houda , Alloush Duha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon, fast-growing tumour, classified as a neuroendocrine neoplasm that affects the skin and spreads quickly to other parts of the body. It often affects aged, immunosuppressed people with a history of sun exposure and has a slight tendency to affect men. This report represents a case of multiple MCC nodules distributed on the chest and head of a 65-year-old Syrian male. The lesions occurred 1 year before presentation. The excisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of MCC. Further investigations indicated to assess metastasis, but the patient passed away before completing our recommendation. In this report, we aim to confirm the vital role of early detection when dealing with an aggressive tumour such as MCC, with a 50% chance of survival for 5 years. Otherwise, more lesions will worsen the prognosis, precisely like what occurred with our patient.
Aspergillosis and pulmonary tuberculosis co-infection in a 9-year-old with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Iamwat Wirapatra , Cheawcharnprapan Krit , Yenjabog Patcha , Lertkovit Oranooj , Isaranimitkul Daranee , Kanjanaphan Thiraporn 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This case report highlights the infrequent occurrence of coinfection involving invasive aspergillosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in pediatric patients. We present the case of a 9-year-old Thai girl diagnosed with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who experienced prolonged febrile neutropenia lasting 1 month during chemotherapy. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed lung nodules with an air crescent sign, while CT angiography of the brain detected an infected ruptured brain aneurysm, which exhibited septate hyphae with acute angle branching, consistent with invasive aspergillosis. Despite voriconazole treatment, the patient’s high-grade fever and dyspnea persisted. Further investigations revealed a lung abscess and wedge resection confirmed AFB 1+ and positive MTB detection via polymerase chain reaction, leading to the initiation of combined treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis and invasive aspergillosis. Considering drug–drug interactions was an essential aspect of the management. This case report highlights challenges of coinfection between invasive aspergillosis and MTB.
The disappearing act: case of a migrating left renal vein stent
Authors: Cooley Christopher , Alexander Robert A , Johns Pradeep , Fanning Thomas , Oommen Jerry Z 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Nutcracker syndrome (NS) is a rare condition in which the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery compress the left renal vein (LRV). One treatment option is the placement of an endovascular stent into the LRV, which carries the risk of stent migration.
Case Report: A 30-year-old female with NS status-post LRV stenting 6 months prior presented to the emergency department with suprapubic pain. An incidental finding on abdominal computed tomography scan noted interval removal of LRV stent, which had not been surgically removed. A subsequent chest radiograph showed the stent lodged in the left pulmonary artery.
Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of LRV stent migration to the pulmonary artery. This case demonstrates the importance of physician awareness of stent migration as a potential complication after stent placement, and careful review of all imaging findings, even if unrelated to the chief complaint.
The Disenchantment of Chiromancy: Reading Modern Hands from Palmistry to Genetics
Authors: Bashford Alison 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We might expect chiromancy in the modern period to be analysed best within the well-known late nineteenth-century occult revival. The specific practice of palmistry, as it happens, is minimally examined in that historiographical context. Yet the purpose here is not to reinstate palmistry into our already extensive understanding of an Anglo-American modern occult, but to show how other readers of hands, including those trained in biomedical sciences, exceeded occultism altogether, and often enough repudiated it. This article considers modern palmistry in the first instance through an intellectual and social historiography of mind–body knowledges and practices. It shows not only how various ‘psychic’ practices turned into ‘psy’ practices, but also how reading signs of the hand morphed into clinical diagnostics, into primatology, comparative anatomy and eventually into early medical genetics, especially through the so-called ‘simian line’ correlated with Down syndrome. Through analysis of a suite of London-based hand experts, this twentieth-century history of palm-reading argues for a plain ‘disenchantment’ of chiromancy, qualifying historians’ common commitment to theses of re-enchantment. One strand of palm-reading’s recent past turns out to be part of the history of scientific naturalism, not super-naturalism at all.
كُلّنا شرطة - مبادرة شرطة أبوظبي للمشاركة المجتمعية
Authors: المنهالي سعادة الحي , الكعبي الدكتور فيصل , الهنائي الرائد محمد 
Published: August 2023

الملخص
يتم دعم مفهوم الشرطة المجتمعية عالميَّا من خلال تطبيقه في العديد من الاستراتيجيات المخصصة لتلبية احتياجات البيئات الفردية من خلال أهداف مشتركة، والتي تشمل إشراك المجتمع لاستكمال الأعمال الأساسية للشرطة وسلامة المجتمع. وفي الوقتِ ذاته، طورت الأجهزة الشرطية متعددة الأحجام والجنسيات مجموعة من الحملات المستهدفة لدعم وتعزيز مشاركة المجتمع مع الشرطة للمساهمة في بناء مجتمعات آمنة. إن الجمع بين استراتيجيات “القوة اللينة” أو حملات الشرطة المجتمعية تُعَدّ بمثابة العقيدة الرئيسية لشرطة أبوظبي وهي مبادرة كلنا شرطة. يُبرز هذا المقال جولة استكشافية لمبادرة كلنا شرطة والنتائج لأكثر من 200 جنسية مجتمعة ضمن 1.48 مليون نسمة من سكان أبوظبي تساهم المواءمة بين رؤية وأهداف وغرض وقبول وتأثير الاستراتيجية المجتمعية لشرطة أبوظبي في إثراء المناقشات المتعلقة بالسياسات والممارسات المرتبطة بحفظ الأمن لمجتمع حديث.
Establishment of institutional diagnostic reference level for coronary angiography procedures in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ramanathan Vijitha , Senarathna Hasalanka S , Gunaratna Hasun U , Bandara Praneeth M , Horadigala Chathura J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Amongst many interventional procedures performed in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory, the coronary angiography (CAG) is the most frequently performed cardiac interventional procedure. A diagnostic reference level (DRL) is an effective tool to optimise the radiation exposure to patients and staff whilst maintaining the adequate diagnostic image quality. The aim of the study was to establish institutional DRLs for the CAG procedures performed at a selected private hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka. A total of 325 CAG procedures were selected for this study from two C-arm machines. The institutional DRLs of cumulative dose length product (DAP) and fluoroscopic time for the CAG procedure were calculated. The established institutional DRL for accumulated DAP and fluoroscopic time are 10 610 mGycm2 and 2.31 min, respectively. As this study conducted at only one institute we recommend to develop national DRLs for mostly performing interventional procedures in Sri Lanka by considering all influencing factors to optimise the patient dose.
Fun and less fun funding: the experiential affordances of research grant conditions
Authors: Stage Andreas Kjær , Utoft Ea Høg 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The conditions of mainstream research funding constrain risky, novel research. However, alternative grants are emerging. We study grantees of a double-blinded funding scheme targeting risky, novel research: The Villum Experiment (VE). Without prompting, scientists juxtaposed the experience of performing research under these conditions with that of performing research funded by mainstream grants: fun and less fun. The conditions of VE felt less intrusive and appealed to their self-perceptions and idealized views of scientific work, which shaped how they conducted the funded research. This paper makes three contributions: (1) it reaffirms that how researchers experience grant conditions affects whether a scheme affords what it intends, (2) it highlights that the affordances of research funding are relative to other concurrent funding options, and (3) it shows that small, more broadly allocatable grants can afford scientists a protected space for autonomous research, usually associated with elusive tenure positions or European Research Council (ERC) grants.
Optimizing Pharmacist Team-Integration for ICU Patient Management: Rationale, Study Design, and Methods for a Multicentered Exploration of Pharmacist-to-Patient Ratio
Authors: Keats Kelli , Sikora Andrea , Heavner Mojdeh S. , Chen Xianyan , Smith Susan E. ,   on behalf of the OPTIM Investigator Team
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
The workload of healthcare professionals including physicians and nurses in the ICU has an established relationship to patient outcomes, including mortality, length of stay, and other quality indicators; however, the relationship of critical care pharmacist workload to outcomes has not been rigorously evaluated and determined. The objective of our study is to characterize the relationship of critical care pharmacist workload in the ICU as it relates to patient-centered outcomes of critically ill patients.

METHODS:
Optimizing Pharmacist Team-Integration for ICU patient Management is a multicenter, observational cohort study with a target enrollment of 20,000 critically ill patients. Participating critical care pharmacists will enroll patients managed in the ICU. Data collection will consist of two observational phases: prospective and retrospective. During the prospective phase, critical care pharmacists will record daily workload data (e.g., census, number of rounding teams). During the retrospective phase, patient demographics, severity of illness, medication regimen complexity, and outcomes will be recorded. The primary outcome is mortality. Multiple methods will be used to explore the primary outcome including multilevel multiple logistic regression with stepwise variable selection to exclude nonsignificant covariates from the final model, supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques, and Bayesian analysis.

RESULTS:
Our protocol describes the processes and methods for an observational study in the ICU.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study seeks to determine the relationship between pharmacist workload, as measured by pharmacist-to-patient ratio and the pharmacist clinical burden index, and patient-centered outcomes, including mortality and length of stay.