bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of diets that are healthy, environmentally sustainable, affordable, and equitable: A scoping review of metrics, findings, and research gaps
Authors: Webb Patrick , Livingston Staffier Kara , Lee Hyomin , Howell Brian , Battaglia Kyra , Bell Brooke M. , Matteson Julia , McKeown Nicola M. , Cash Sean B. , Zhang Fang Fang , Decker Sparks Jessica L. , Blackstone Nicole Tichenor 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionResearch on the impacts of dietary patterns on human and planetary health is a rapidly growing field. A wide range of metrics, datasets, and analytical techniques has been used to explore the role of dietary choices/constraints in driving greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, environmental degradation, health and disease outcomes, and the affordability of food baskets. Many argue that each domain is important, but few have tackled all simultaneously in analyzing diet-outcome relationships.MethodsThis paper reviews studies published between January 2015 and December 2021 (inclusive) that examined dietary patterns in relation to at least two of the following four thematic pillars: (i) planetary health, including, climate change, environmental quality, and natural resource impacts, (ii) human health and disease, (iii) economic outcomes, including diet cost/affordability, and (iv) social outcomes, e.g., wages, working conditions, and culturally relevant diets. We systematically screened 2,425 publications by title and abstract and included data from 42 eligible publications in this review.ResultsMost dietary patterns used were statistically estimated or simulated rather than observed. A rising number of studies consider the cost/affordability of dietary scenarios in relation to optimized environmental and health outcomes. However, only six publications incorporate social sustainability outcomes, which represents an under-explored dimension of food system concerns.DiscussionThis review suggests a need for (i) transparency and clarity in datasets used and analytical methods; (ii) explicit integration of indicators and metrics linking social and economic issues to the commonly assessed diet-climate-planetary ecology relationships; (iii) inclusion of data and researchers from low- and middle-income countries; (iv) inclusion of processed food products to reflect the reality of consumer choices globally; and (v) attention to the implications of findings for policymakers. Better understanding is urgently needed on dietary impacts on all relevant human and planetary domains simultaneously.
Pressure injury prevalence and characteristics in patients with COVID-19 admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation unit
Authors: Lu Weiying , Bloom Ona , Rathgeber Melissa , Maltser Susan 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and severity of pressure injuries among COVID-19 patients who required acute hospitalization and subsequent acute inpatient rehabilitation (AIR).DesignData was collected retrospectively from medical charts of COVID-19 patients who were admitted to AIR during April 2020–April 2021.SettingAcute Inpatient Rehabilitation at a single hospital in the greater New York metropolitan area.ParticipantsSubjects included COVID-19 patients (N = 120) who required acute hospitalization and subsequent acute inpatient rehabilitation, of whom 39 (32.5%) had pressure injuries.InterventionsNot applicable.Main outcome measure(s)The incidence, location, and severity of pressure injuries in COVID-19 patients, as well as demographic and clinical characteristics of the acute hospitalization.ResultsAmong patients who developed pressure injuries, more patients received mechanical ventilation (59% vs. 33%, P &lt; 0.05) and tracheostomy (67% vs. 17%, P &lt; 0.00001). The lengths of stay were longer in both the intensive care unit (ICU) (34 vs. 15 days, P &lt; 0.005), and in acute inpatient rehabilitation (22 vs. 17 days P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionPressure injuries were more common in COVID-19 patients who had longer lengths of stay, received mechanical ventilation or tracheostomy, during acute hospitalization. This supports the use of protocols to prioritize pressure offloading in this patient population.
Penazaphilones J–L, Three New Hydrophilic Azaphilone Pigments from Penicillium sclerotiorum cib-411 and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Zhang Xia , Hu Yeye , Yang Tao , Qian Xueqing , Hu Weicheng , Li Guoyou 
Published: April 2023

Penazaphilones J–L (1–3), three new hydrophilic azaphilone pigments, as well as six known compounds, were discovered from the filamentous fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum cib-411. Compounds 1–3 were structurally elucidated by the detailed interpretation of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Compound 1 is an unprecedented hybrid of an azaphilone and a glycerophosphate choline. Compounds 2 and 3 each contain an intact amino acid moiety. The bioassay showed that compound 3 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity. Concretely, compound 3 significantly suppressed the NO production, the expression levels of COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and iNOS mRNA in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, treatment of compound 3 prevented the translocation of NF-κB through inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K, PDK1, Akt, and GSK-3β. Thus, the inhibition of compound 3 against LPS-induced inflammation should rely on its inactivation on NF-κB.
Potential-induced degradation of encapsulant-less p-type crystalline Si photovoltaic modules
Authors: Shimpo Shuntaro , Thi Cam Tu Huynh , Ohdaira Keisuke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We investigated the long-term durability of our newly developed encapsulant-less p-type crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules, with a base made of polycarbonate (PC), against potential-induced degradation (PID) in dry and damp-heat (DH) environments. Encapsulant-less modules were found to have high PID resistance compared to conventionally encapsulated c-Si PV modules in both PID conditions. We observed a slight PID for the encapsulant-less modules in which the cover glass was in contact with the solar cell. The slight PID can be suppressed by using a base with a deeper groove so that a sufficient gap between the cover glass and the cell is prepared. Yellow precipitates were formed in the encapsulant-less modules in the DH environment. This is probably due to the hydrolysis of the PC, and proper measures to prevent the precipitate formation should be applied for the industrialization of the encapsulant-less modules.
دراسة تحليلية لبعض المتغيرات البايوميكانيكية لعدائي ركض (100) م وعلاقتها بالإنجاز للمنتخب العراقي
Authors: امين ممتاز 
Published: April 2023

هدف البحث الى التعرف على قيم بعض المتغيرات البايوميكانيكية لعدائي ركض 100م,التعرف على علاقة قيم بعض المتغيرات البايوميكانيكية لعدائي ركض 100م مع الإنجاز. استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي لملاءمته لأهداف وطبيعة البحث. اما عينة البحث فقد اختار الباحث العينة (5) من أبرز عدائي ركض 100م بالأسلوب العمدي من الذين مثلوا المنتخب الوطني العراقي لعام 2021-2022. استخدم الباحث آلات تصوير فيدوية عدد (2) ذات سرع (224) صورة / ثانية نوع (sonny)، فضلاً عن آلة تصوير ثالثة هي كاميرا خط النهاية (Photo Finish) الثابتة في نهاية السباق. واستخدم الباحث اسلوب سباقات ركض 100م حرة وحسب القانون الدولي لألعاب القوى. واستنتج الباحث اتضح ان قيم اغلب المتغيرات البايوميكانيكية للمسافات الفاصلة لأجزاء عدو (100م) لعينة البحث قد ابتعدت عن القيم الحقيقية مما إثر ذلك على مستوى انجاز عينة البحث، وان معدل تردد الخطوة لعينة البحث قد وقع ضمن حدود القيمة المثالية.
Search for a Black Hole Binary in Gaia DR3 Astrometric Binary Stars with Spectroscopic Data
Authors: Tanikawa Ataru , Hattori Kohei , Kawanaka Norita , Kinugawa Tomoya , Shikauchi Minori , Tsuna Daichi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report the discovery of a candidate binary system consisting of a black hole (BH) and a red giant branch star in Gaia DR3. This binary system was discovered from 64,108 binary solutions for which both astrometric and spectroscopic data are available. For this system, the astrometric and spectroscopic solutions are consistent with each other, making this system a confident candidate of a BH binary. The primary (visible) star in this system, Gaia DR3 5870569352746779008, is a red giant branch star whose mass is quite uncertain. Fortunately, despite the uncertainty of the primary’s mass, we can estimate the mass of the secondary (dark) object in this system to be >5.68 M
⊙ with a probability of 99%, based on the orbital parameters. The mass of the secondary object is much larger than the maximum neutron star mass (∼2.0 M
⊙), which indicates that the secondary object is likely a BH. We argue that, if this dark object is not a BH, this system must be a more exotic system, in which the primary red giant branch star orbits around a quadruple star system (or a higher-order multiple-star system) whose total mass is more than 5.68 M
⊙. If this is a genuine BH binary, this has the longest period (1352.22 ± 45.81 days) among those discovered so far. As our conclusion entirely relies on Gaia DR3 data, independent confirmation with follow-up observations (e.g., long-term time-series spectra) is desired.
Distillation of 56Fe in Ultramassive O–Ne White Dwarfs
Authors: Caplan Matthew E. , Blouin Simon , Freeman Ian F. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
When white dwarfs freeze, the plasma mixtures inside them undergo separation processes that can produce radical changes in the composition profile of the star. The abundance of neutron-rich elements, such as 22Ne or 56Fe, determines whether or not the first crystals are more or less dense than the surrounding fluid and thus whether they sink or float. These processes have now been studied for C–O–Ne and C–O–Fe mixtures, finding that distillation and precipitation processes are possible in white dwarfs. In this work, we calculate the phase diagram of more complicated O–Ne–Fe mixtures and make predictions for the internal structure of the separated white dwarf. There are two possible outcomes determined by a complicated interplay between the Ne abundance, the 22Ne fraction, and the 56Fe abundance. Either Fe distills to form an inner core because the first O–Ne solids are buoyant, or an O–Ne inner core forms and Fe accumulates in the liquid until Fe distillation begins and forms an Fe shell. In the case of an Fe shell, a Rayleigh–Taylor instability may arise and overturn the core. In either case, Fe distillation may only produce a cooling delay of order 0.1 Gyr, as these processes occur early at high white dwarf luminosities. Fe inner cores and shells may be detectable through asteroseismology and could enhance the yield of neutron-rich elements such as 55Mn and 58Ni in supernovae.
Energy Partition of Thermal and Nonthermal Particles in Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Hoshino Masahiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection has long been known to be the most important mechanism for quick conversion of magnetic field energy into plasma kinetic energy. In addition, energy dissipation by reconnection has gained attention not only as a plasma heating mechanism, but also as a plasma mechanism for accelerating nonthermal particles. However, the energy partitioning of thermal and nonthermal plasmas during magnetic reconnection is not understood. Here, we studied energy partition as a function of plasma sheet temperature and guide magnetic field. In relativistic reconnection with an antiparallel magnetic field or a weak guide magnetic field, it was found that the nonthermal energy density can occupy more than 90% of the total kinetic plasma energy density, but strengthening the guide magnetic field suppresses the efficiency of the nonthermal particle acceleration. In nonrelativistic reconnection for an antiparallel magnetic field, most dissipated magnetic field energy is converted into thermal plasma heating. For a weak guide magnetic field with a moderate value, however, the nonthermal particle acceleration efficiency was enhanced, but strengthening the guide field beyond the moderate value suppresses the efficiency.
Pulsar Timing Response to Gravitational Waves with Spherical Wave Fronts from a Massive Compact Source in the Quadrupole Approximation
Authors: Kubo Ryousuke , Yamahira Kakeru , Asada Hideki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are searching for nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) through cross-correlation of pulse arrival times from a set of radio pulsars. PTAs have relied on a frequency-shift formula of the pulse, where planar GWs are usually assumed. Phase corrections due to the wave front curvature have been recently discussed. In this paper, frequency-shift and timing-residual formulae are derived for GWs with fully spherical wave fronts from a compact source such as a binary of supermassive black holes, where the differences in the GW amplitude and direction between Earth and the pulsar are examined in the quadrupole approximation. By using the new formulae, effects beyond the plane-wave approximation are discussed, and a galactic center PTA and nearby GW source candidates are also mentioned.
Optimizing Multi-Layer Perceptron using Variable Step Size Firefly Optimization Algorithm for Diabetes Data Classification
Authors: Behera Mandakini Priyadarshani , Sarangi Archana , Mishra Debahuti , Sarangi Shubhendu Kumar 
Published: April 2023

According to a survey conducted by the International Diabetes Federation, the proportion of people living with diabetes is gradually rising. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder caused by elevated blood sugar levels. For the early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes patients, efficient machine-learning methods are needed. Data Classification is a significant subject in many areas of life, and it is also a very challenging job in data mining. Clinical data mining has recently gained attention in complicated healthcare challenges relying on healthcare datasets. The principal objective of classification is to classify all data in a given dataset to a certain class label. In the healthcare field, classification is commonly employed in much research articles. A hybrid method for diabetes data classification is suggested by integrating multilayer perceptron with a modified firefly optimization algorithm for diabetes data classification. The performance of the proposed hybrid multilayer perceptron variable step size firefly algorithm is compared with other hybrid models such as the hybrid multilayer perceptron particle swarm optimization algorithm, hybrid multilayer perceptron differential evolution algorithm, and hybrid multilayer perceptron firefly optimization algorithm. The performance of these models is calculated based on accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and mean square error. In comparison to other models, the proposed hybrid model produces superior outcomes for diabetes data classification.
‘[A]nd when I came to her I found she was not a virgin’: A contextual re-reading of Deuteronomy 22:13–21 among Nigerian Christians
Authors: Ademiluka Solomon O. 
Published: April 2023

The traditional African society attached special value to female virginity, associating it with personal purity and honour. But today in Nigeria, virginity has lost its importance to premarital sex. The neglect of this virtue should be a concern to the Church in Nigeria because this is now a rising trend being witnessed among the Christian youth. This article, therefore, attempted a re-reading of Deuteronomy 22:13–21 as a response to the problem of premarital sex among Nigerian Christian youth. It employed the historical-critical exegesis and the descriptive approach. The work revealed that several factors are responsible for the prevalence of premarital sex in Nigeria, including a lack of sex education from parents, and the influence of western culture, among others. It also discovered that premarital sexual behaviour has social implications, particularly for female youth. These include unwanted pregnancy and abortion. The article concluded that the prevalence of premarital sex among Nigerian Christian youth is a challenge to the Church and postulated a sexual theology of the Church in which Deuteronomy 22:13–21 takes a central place. Taking a cue from the text, this theology would assign significant roles to the church community, the youth themselves and parents in a bid to provide sex education for the youth so that they avoid premarital sex.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This research involves the disciplines of the Old Testament and Christian ethics. It relates the narrative on virginity proof in Deuteronomy 22:13–21 to the Nigerian context with its high rate of premarital sex. The article postulates that the text can be employed in a sexual theology of the Church that would help in combating prevalent premarital sex.
Peritoneal Adhesion Findings during Laparoscopy
Authors: Imaralu John Osaigbovoh , Ani Franklin Inyang , Ayegbusi Ekundayo Oluwole , Oguntade Florence Adebisi , Nwankpa Chimaobi Chukwuemeka , Olaleye Bukunmi Deborah 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Peritoneal adhesions unlike other immediately recognizable complications of the surgery may produce long-term consequences, which include infertility and intestinal obstruction.

Aims:
The study aimed to determine the prevalence, the determinants, and the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery associated with intraperitoneal adhesion findings.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective observational study.

Materials and Methods:
The study included all laparoscopic gynecological surgeries done between January 2017 and December 2021. Adhesion severity was graded, using the peritoneal adhesion index (PAI), by Coccolini et al.

Statistical Analysis:
The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with adhesion finding during laparoscopy.

Results:
There were 158 laparoscopic surgeries with 26.6% prevalence of peritoneal adhesions. The prevalence of adhesions among women with previous surgery was 72.7%. Previous peritoneal surgery was a significant determinant of occurrence of adhesions (odds ratio = 8.291, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.464–15.397, P < 0.001), and such patients had significantly (P = 0.025, 95% CI = 0.408–5.704) more severe adhesions (PAI = 11.16 ± 3.94) than those without prior surgery (PAI = 8.10 ± 3.14). Abdominal myomectomy (PAI = 13.09 ± 2.95) was the most important primary surgical determinant of adhesion formation. There was no significant relationship between adhesion occurrence and conversion to laparotomy (P = 0.121) or mean duration of surgery (P = 0.962). Greater adhesion severity was, however, observed in individuals with operative blood loss <100 ml (PAI = 11.73 ± 3.56, P = 0.003) and those hospitalized for ≤2 days (PAI = 11.12 ± 3.81, P = 0.022).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of postoperative adhesions during laparoscopy in our center is comparable to what has been earlier reported. Abdominal myomectomy is associated with the greatest risk and severity of adhesions. Laparoscopy in patients with more severe adhesions resulted in less blood loss and shorter duration of hospitalization, suggesting an association of better outcomes with a cautious approach to adhesions.
Periodontitis Treatment (Surgical and Nonsurgical) Effects on Glycemic Control
Authors: Elnour Mohammed Adam Ahmed , Mirghani Hyder Osman 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent chronic disease. Literature suggests a relationship between diabetes and periodontitis and when coexist may aggravate each other deleterious consequences. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of periodontitis treatment on glycemic control.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and the first 100 articles in Google Scholar from January 2011 to October 2021. The terms periodontitis, periodontal treatment, diabetes mellitus, nonsurgical treatment, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were used, with the Protean “AND” and “OR.” The titles, abstracts, and references of the included studies were screened. Any discrepancy was solved by an agreement between researchers. Out of 1059 studies retrieved, 320 stands after the removal of duplication, from them, 31 full texts were screened and only 11 studies were included in the final meta-analysis.

Results:
In the present meta-analysis, 11 studies (1469 patients included) were pooled, and the overall effect showed that periodontitis treatment improved the HbA1c, odd ratio, −0.024, 95% confidence interval, −0.42−.06, P value, 0.009, Chi-square, 52.99. However, substantial heterogeneity was observed, P value, < 0.001, I
2 for heterogeneity 81%.

Conclusion:
Periodontitis treatment improved the HbA1c among patients with diabetes and poor glycemic control. Screening of this common disease is important in diabetes holistic care.
Original Research Gender Differences in Recovering from Cardiac and Vascular Surgery Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Uduagbamen Peter Kehinde , Sanusi Michael , Udom Olumide Baz 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Gender differences exist in the demographic, clinical characteristic and outcome of patients with cardiac and vascular surgery (CVS) associated acute kidney injury (AKI).

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study had a total of 88 participants for which socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory (serum electrolyte, full blood count, urine analysis and urine volume, creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate) data of participants were taken preoperative and postoperative days 1, 7, and 30.

Results:
A total of 88 (66 males and 22 females) participants were studied. Diseases of the heart valves were more common in females than males. The mean age of the participants was 65.9 ± 6.9 years, with males 65.1 ± 7.6 years and females 68.3 ± 8.4 years, P = 0.02. Before surgery, a significantly greater proportion of females had kidney dysfunction compared to males, P = 0.003. Valvular surgery and coronary bypass were the most common surgeries. The proportion of emergency surgeries and admissions <7 days were significantly higher in females than males, P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively. Full recovering from AKI was significantly higher in males as partial recovery and death were significantly lower in them, P = 0.02. Of the 35 (39.8%) who had dialysis, 85.7% recovered fully, 5.7% became dialysis, and dependent while 8.6% died. The predictors of nonrecovery from CVS-AKI were female gender, elderly, preoperative kidney dysfunction and AKI stage 3.

Conclusion:
Males with AKI were younger than the females. Valvular surgeries were most common. Background kidney dysfunction and advance age were risk factors for AKI. Postoperative, AKI was commoner in males who were more likely to recover full kidney function. Optimizing patient preparation could reduce the incidence of CVS-AKI.