bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Seismic Signature of California's Earthquakes, Droughts, and Floods
Authors: Clements T. , Denolle M. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigates changes in seismic velocities in the period 1999–2021 using about 700 permanent and temporary broadband seismic stations in the state of California. We compute single‐station cross‐correlations of the ambient seismic noise and use the coda‐wave interferometry to measure the changes in seismic velocities (dv/v) using a stretching technique. We focus on the 2–4 Hz frequency band and the upper 500 m of the near‐surface sensitivity. We discuss dv/v within the context of nonlinear elasticity. We fit models of thermoelastic strains, various hydrological models that diffuse rainwater, and slow‐dynamics healing models for the postseismic response of earthquakes. In general, we find that both thermoelastic strains and hydrological strains have a similar amplitude of impacts on dv/v. We find that the diffusion of rainwater using a drained response in a poroelastic medium explains most of the data. The best fit hydraulic diffusivity is high in the mountains and low in the basin. We find that the largest drop in seismic velocity occurs during the 2004–2005 wet winter and that the 2011–2016. Drought is characterized by a multiyear marked increase in dv/v. We interpret site‐specific variations with land subsidence or inflation detected by remote sensing. We also find a decade‐long postseismic response of two major earthquakes and bound the time scale of relaxation processes to a few years. Together, we see long‐term changes in seismic velocities showing a positive trend over two decades that we can interpret as long‐term lowering of the groundwater table.
Earlier Precipitation Enhances Dryland Annual Primary Production
Authors: Zhao Huichen , Jia Gensuo , Xu Xiyan , Zhang Anzhi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate change is causing shifts of precipitation seasonality that is anticipated to cause variations in terrestrial primary production over many parts of the world. However, how vegetation production responds differently to shifting seasonal precipitation timing along bioclimate gradients remains unclear. Here, we used two proxies of primary production, namely gross primary production and sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence derived from satellite observations over 2001–2020 to investigate the effects of advanced or delayed precipitation on interannual variations in production along a wide range of aridity gradient and vegetation types in China. We found contrasting responses of primary production between dryland and humid ecosystems. In the dryland, earlier precipitation greatly enhanced annual accumulated production, owing to higher soil moisture during the early growing season that often lasted to the late growing season by lagged effect. However, delayed precipitation depressed production throughout growing season because of the decreased ability of vegetation to absorb and utilize light energy, even though water stress was alleviated during late growing season. Conversely, in the humid region, advanced precipitation led to slight decreases of annual production as a result of combined effects of lower radiation and lagged leaf flush during the early growing season. It is necessary to consider the effects of shifting precipitation seasonality on terrestrial primary production as a driver of changes in carbon uptake capacity, especially in dryland.
Genetic, individual, and familial risk correlates of brain network controllability in major depressive disorder
Authors: Hahn Tim , Winter Nils R. , Ernsting Jan , Gruber Marius , Mauritz Marco J. , Fisch Lukas , Leenings Ramona , Sarink Kelvin , Blanke Julian , Holstein Vincent , Emden Daniel , Beisemann Marie , Opel Nils , Grotegerd Dominik , Meinert Susanne , Heindel Walter , Witt Stephanie , Rietschel Marcella , Nöthen Markus M. , Forstner Andreas J. , Kircher Tilo , Nenadic Igor , Jansen Andreas , Müller-Myhsok Bertram , Andlauer Till F. M. , Walter Martin , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Jamalabadi Hamidreza , Dannlowski Udo , Repple Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany therapeutic interventions in psychiatry can be viewed as attempts to influence the brain’s large-scale, dynamic network state transitions. Building on connectome-based graph analysis and control theory, Network Control Theory is emerging as a powerful tool to quantify network controllability—i.e., the influence of one brain region over others regarding dynamic network state transitions. If and how network controllability is related to mental health remains elusive. Here, from Diffusion Tensor Imaging data, we inferred structural connectivity and inferred calculated network controllability parameters to investigate their association with genetic and familial risk in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 692) and healthy controls (n = 820). First, we establish that controllability measures differ between healthy controls and MDD patients while not varying with current symptom severity or remission status. Second, we show that controllability in MDD patients is associated with polygenic scores for MDD and psychiatric cross-disorder risk. Finally, we provide evidence that controllability varies with familial risk of MDD and bipolar disorder as well as with body mass index. In summary, we show that network controllability is related to genetic, individual, and familial risk in MDD patients. We discuss how these insights into individual variation of network controllability may inform mechanistic models of treatment response prediction and personalized intervention-design in mental health.
Adaptor protein HIP-55-mediated signalosome protects against ferroptosis in myocardial infarction
Authors: Jiang Yunqi , Qiao Yuhui , He Dan , Tian Aiju , Li Zijian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIschemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction (MI) results in cardiac damage due to cell death and insufficient cardiomyocyte self-renewal. Ferroptosis, a novel type of cell death, has recently been shown as a key cause of cardiomyocyte death after MI. However, the complicated regulation mechanisms involved in ferroptosis, especially how ferroptosis is integrated into classical cell survival/death pathways, are still unclear. Here, we discovered that HIP-55, a novel adaptor protein, acts as a hub protein for the integration of the ferroptosis mechanism into the classical AKT cell survival and MAP4K1 cell death pathways for MI injury. The expression of HIP-55 is induced in MI. Genetic deletion of HIP-55 increased cardiomyocyte ferroptosis and MI injury, whereas cardiac-specific overexpression of HIP-55 significantly alleviated cardiomyocyte ferroptosis and MI injury. Mechanistically, HIP-55 was identified as a new AKT substrate. AKT phosphorylates HIP-55 at S269/T291 sites and further HIP-55 directs AKT signaling to negatively regulate the MAP4K1 pathway against MI injury in a site-specific manner. S269A/T291A-mutated HIP-55 (HIP-55AA), which is defective in AKT phosphorylation and significantly decreases the interaction between HIP-55 and MAP4K1, failed to inhibit the MAP4K1/GPX4 ferroptosis pathway. In line with this mechanism, cardiac-specific overexpression of HIP-55WT mice, but not cardiac-specific overexpression of HIP-55AA mice, protected cardiomyocytes against MI-induced ferroptosis and cardiac injury in vivo. These findings suggest that HIP-55 rewired the classical AKT (cell survival) and MAPK (cell death) pathways into ferroptosis mechanism in MI injury. HIP-55 may be a new therapeutic target for myocardial damage.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce growth and radioresistance of breast cancer cells through paracrine IL-6
Authors: Guo Zhaoze , Zhang Han , Fu Yiming , Kuang Junjie , Zhao Bei , Zhang LanFang , Lin Jie , Lin Shuhui , Wu Dehua , Xie Guozhu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn breast cancer, the most numerous stromal cells are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are associated with disease progression and chemoresistance. However, few studies have explored the function of CAFs in breast cancer cell radiosensitivity. Here, CAF-derived conditioned media was observed to induce breast cancer cell growth and radioresistance. CAFs secrete interleukin 6 (IL-6) which activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway, thus promoting the growth and radioresistance of breast cancer cells. Treatment with an inhibitor of STAT3 or an IL-6 neutralizing antibody blocked the growth and radioresistance induced by CAFs. In in vivo mouse models, tocilizumab (an IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody) abrogated CAF-induced growth and radioresistance. Moreover, in breast cancer, a poor response to radiotherapy was associated with IL-6 and p-STAT3 expression. These results indicated that IL-6 mediates cross-talk between breast cancer cells and CAFs in the tumor microenvironment. Our results identified the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway as an important therapeutic target in breast cancer radiotherapy.
Protein nanoparticle cellular fate and responses in murine macrophages
Authors: Ravishankar Samyukta , Nedumaran Anu Maashaa , Gautam Archana , Ng Kee Woei , Czarny Bertrand , Lim Sierin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs), both organic and inorganic, have been identified as tools for diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) applications. Macrophages constitute the first line of defense in the human body following the introduction of foreign antigens, including nanoparticles. However, there is a limited understanding of the cellular fate and trafficking of organic NPs in macrophages as well as the molecular responses that are triggered. This knowledge is crucial for the effective translation of these engineered molecules for theranostic applications. In this work, we performed an in-depth study on the intracellular fate and relevant immune responses of a model organic NP, Archaeoglobus fulgidus ferritin, in murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cells. Ferritin, a naturally occurring iron storage protein, has been reported to target tumors and atherosclerotic lesion sites. Herein, we demonstrate a concentration-dependent internalization mechanism and quantify the subcellular localization of ferritin NPs in various organelles. After NP exposure, export of the iron present in the ferritin core occurred over an extended period of time along with upregulation of iron-related gene mRNA expression. A study on the modulation of the intracellular localization of the NPs was conducted by incorporating peptides to mediate endosomal escape and examining their molecular effects using transcriptional analysis. To further investigate the physiological effects, we monitored the upregulation of immune-related markers (i.e., CCR2, IL1β, TNFα, VCAM-1) along with ROS generation in cells treated with ferritin under various conditions. The in-depth analyses of cellular uptake and responses to versatile protein NPs, such as ferritin, provide basic principles to design and engineer other protein NPs with similar properties for future biomedical applications.
Spatial genetic structure of European wild boar, with inferences on late-Pleistocene and Holocene demographic history
Authors: de Jong Joost F. , Iacolina Laura , Prins Herbert H. T. , van Hooft Pim , Crooijmans Richard P. M. A. , van Wieren Sip E. , Baños Joaquin Vicente , Baubet Eric , Cahill Seán , Ferreira Eduardo , Fonseca Carlos , Glazov Peter M. , Jelenko Turinek Ida , Lizana Martín Victor M. , Náhlik András , Pokorny Boštjan , Podgórski Tomasz , Šprem Nikica , Veeroja Rauno , Ydenberg Ronald C. , Megens Hendrik-Jan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEuropean wildlife has been subjected to intensifying levels of anthropogenic impact throughout the Holocene, yet the main genetic partitioning of many species is thought to still reflect the late-Pleistocene glacial refugia. We analyzed 26,342 nuclear SNPs of 464 wild boar (Sus scrofa) across the European continent to infer demographic history and reassess the genetic consequences of natural and anthropogenic forces. We found that population fragmentation, inbreeding and recent hybridization with domestic pigs have caused the spatial genetic structure to be heterogeneous at the local scale. Underlying local anthropogenic signatures, we found a deep genetic structure in the form of an arch-shaped cline extending from the Dinaric Alps, via Southeastern Europe and the Baltic states, to Western Europe and, finally, to the genetically diverged Iberian peninsula. These findings indicate that, despite considerable anthropogenic influence, the deeper, natural continental structure is still intact. Regarding the glacial refugia, our findings show a weaker signal than generally assumed, but are nevertheless suggestive of two main recolonization routes, with important roles for Southern France and the Balkans. Our results highlight the importance of applying genomic resources and framing genetic results within a species’ demographic history and geographic distribution for a better understanding of the complex mixture of underlying processes.
Corrosion inhibition at emergent grain boundaries studied by DFT for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole on bi-crystalline copper
Authors: Chiter Fatah , Costa Dominique , Maurice Vincent , Marcus Philippe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInhibition of the initiation of intergranular corrosion was modeled at the atomic scale for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) adsorbed on a (110)-oriented copper bi-crystal exposing an emergent Σ9 coincident site lattice (CSL) grain boundary (GB) using dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D). At both isolated molecule and full, dense monolayer coverages, the molecule adsorbed on the grain and GB sites stands perpendicular or tilted with no parallel orientation to the surface being favored. Chemical bonding of the thione and thiolate conformers involves both S atoms or the exocyclic S and N atoms, respectively. The full, dense monolayer is formed with a net gain in energy per surface area, but at the cost of a significant molecule deformation. It significantly enhances the Cu vacancy formation energy at the grain and GB sites, revealing that MBT also inhibits Cu dissolution for the more susceptible GBs with efficiency depending on atomic density of GB emergence.
The association of executive functions and physical fitness with cognitive-motor multitasking in a street crossing scenario
Authors: Mack Melanie , Stojan Robert , Bock Otmar , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAge-related decline in cognitive-motor multitasking performance has been attributed to declines in executive functions and physical fitness (motor coordinative fitness and cardiovascular fitness). It has been suggested that those cognitive and physical resources strongly depend on lifestyle factors such as long-term regular physical activity and cognitive engagement. Although research suggests that there is covariation between components of executive functions and physical fitness, the interdependence between these components for cognitive-motor multitasking performance is not yet clear. The aim of the study was to examine the contribution and interrelationship between executive functions, motor coordinative fitness, and cardiovascular fitness on street crossing while multitasking. We used the more ecologically valid scenario to obtain results that might be directly transferable to daily life situation. Data from 50 healthy older adults (65–75 years, 17 females, recruited in two different cities in Germany) were analyzed. Participants’ executive functions (composite score including six tests), motor coordinative fitness (composite score including five tests), and cardiovascular fitness (spiroergometry), as well as their street crossing performance while multitasking were assessed. Street crossing was tested under single-task (crossing a two-line road), and multitask conditions (crossing a two-line road while typing numbers on a keypad as simulation of mobile phone use). Street crossing performance was assessed by use of cognitive outcomes (typing, crossing failures) and motor outcomes (stay time, crossing speed). Linear mixed-effects models showed beneficial main effects of executive functions for typing (p = 0.004) and crossing failures (p = 0.023), and a beneficial main effect of motor coordinative fitness for stay time (p = 0.043). Commonality analysis revealed that the proportion of variance commonly explained by executive functions, motor coordinative fitness, and cardiovascular fitness was small for all street crossing outcomes. For typing and crossing failures (cognitive outcomes), the results further showed a higher relative contribution of executive functions compared to motor coordinative fitness and cardiovascular fitness. For stay time (motor outcome), the results correspondingly revealed a higher relative contribution of motor coordinative fitness compared to executive functions and cardiovascular fitness. The findings suggest that during cognitive-motor multitasking in everyday life, task performance is determined by the components of executive functions and physical fitness related to the specific task demands. Since multitasking in everyday life includes cognitive and motor tasks, it seems to be important to maintain both executive functions and physical fitness for independent living up to old age.
Physics-embedded inverse analysis with algorithmic differentiation for the earth’s subsurface
Authors: Wu Hao , Greer Sarah Y. , O’Malley Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInverse analysis has been utilized to understand unknown underground geological properties by matching the observational data with simulators. To overcome the underconstrained nature of inverse problems and achieve good performance, an approach is presented with embedded physics and a technique known as algorithmic differentiation. We use a physics-embedded generative model, which takes statistically simple parameters as input and outputs subsurface properties (e.g., permeability or P-wave velocity), that embeds physical knowledge of the subsurface properties into inverse analysis and improves its performance. We tested the application of this approach on four geologic problems: two heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields, a hydraulic fracture network, and a seismic inversion for P-wave velocity. This physics-embedded inverse analysis approach consistently characterizes these geological problems accurately. Furthermore, the excellent performance in matching the observational data demonstrates the reliability of the proposed method. Moreover, the application of algorithmic differentiation makes this an easy and fast approach to inverse analysis when dealing with complicated geological structures.
Mass spectrometry analysis of gut tissue in acute SIV-infection in rhesus macaques identifies early proteome alterations preceding the interferon inflammatory response
Authors: Berard A. R. , Hensley-McBain T. , Noël-Romas L. , Birse K. , Abou M. , Westmacott G. , McCorrister S. , Smedley J. , Klatt Nichole R. , Burgener Adam D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHIV infection damages the gut mucosa leading to chronic immune activation, increased morbidities and mortality, and antiretroviral therapies, do not completely ameliorate mucosal dysfunction. Understanding early molecular changes in acute infection may identify new biomarkers underlying gut dysfunction. Here we utilized a proteomics approach, coupled with flow cytometry, to characterize early molecular and immunological alterations during acute SIV infection in gut tissue of rhesus macaques. Gut tissue biopsies were obtained at 2 times pre-infection and 4 times post-infection from 6 macaques. The tissue proteome was analyzed by mass spectrometry, and immune cell populations in tissue and blood by flow cytometry. Significant proteome changes (p < 0.05) occurred at 3 days post-infection (dpi) (13.0%), 14 dpi (13.7%), 28 dpi (16.9%) and 63 dpi (14.8%). At 3 dpi, proteome changes included cellular structural activity, barrier integrity, and activation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) (FDR < 0.0001) prior to the antiviral response at 14 dpi (IFNa/g pathways, p < 0.001). Novel EMT proteomic biomarkers (keratins 2, 6A and 20, collagen 12A1, desmoplakin) and inflammatory biomarkers (PSMB9, FGL2) were associated with early infection and barrier dysfunction. These findings identify new biomarkers preceding inflammation in SIV infection involved with EMT activation. This warrants further investigation of the role of these biomarkers in chronic infection, mucosal inflammation, and disease pathogenesis of HIV.
Genetic basis of thiaminase I activity in a vertebrate, zebrafish Danio rerio
Authors: Richter Catherine A. , Evans Allison N. , Heppell Scott A. , Zajicek James L. , Tillitt Donald E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThiamine (vitamin B1) metabolism is an important driver of human and animal health and ecological functioning. Some organisms, including species of ferns, mollusks, and fish, contain thiamine-degrading enzymes known as thiaminases, and consumption of these organisms can lead to thiamine deficiency in the consumer. Consumption of fish containing thiaminase has led to elevated mortality and recruitment failure in farmed animals and wild salmonine populations around the world. In the North American Great Lakes, consumption of the non-native prey fish alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) by native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) led to thiamine deficiency in the trout, contributed to elevated fry mortality, and impeded natural population recruitment. Several thiaminases have been genetically characterized in bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes, and the source of thiaminase in multicellular organisms has been hypothesized to be gut microflora. In an unexpected discovery, we identified thiaminase I genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) with homology to bacterial tenA thiaminase II. The biochemical activity of zebrafish thiaminase I (GenBank NP_001314821.1) was confirmed in a recombinant system. Genes homologous to the zebrafish tenA-like thiaminase I were identified in many animals, including common carp (Cyprinus carpio), zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and alewife. Thus, the source of thiaminase I in alewife impacting lake trout populations is likely to be de novo synthesis.
Pulmonary function three to five months after hospital discharge for COVID-19: a single centre cohort study
Authors: Krueger Tina , van den Heuvel Janelle , van Kampen-van den Boogaart Vivian , van Zeeland Roel , Mehagnoul-Schipper D. Jannet , Barten Dennis G. , Knarren Lieve , Maas Arno F. G. , Wyers Caroline E. , Gach Debbie , Schols Annemie M. W. J. , Beijers Rosanne J. H. C. G. , van den Bergh Joop P. , van Osch Frits H. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSome COVID-19 survivors suffer from persistent pulmonary function impairment, but the extent and associated factors are unclear. This study aimed to characterize pulmonary function impairment three to five months after hospital discharge and the association with disease severity. Survivors of COVID-19 after hospitalization to the VieCuri Medical Centre between February and December 2020 were invited for follow-up, three to five months after discharge. Dynamic and static lung volumes, respiratory muscle strength and diffusion capacity were measured. The cohort comprised 257 patients after a moderate (n = 33), severe (n = 151) or critical (n = 73) COVID-19 infection with a median follow-up of 112 days (interquartile range 96–134 days). The main sequelae included reduced diffusion capacity (36%) and reduced maximal expiratory pressure (24%). Critically ill patients were more likely to have reduced diffusion capacity than moderate (OR 8.00, 95% CI 2.46–26.01) and severe cases (OR 3.74, 95% CI 1.88–7.44) and lower forced vital capacity (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.20–9.06) compared to severe cases. Many COVID-19 survivors, especially after a critical disease course, showed pulmonary function sequelae, mainly DLCO impairments, three to five months after discharge. Monitoring is needed to investigate the persistence of these symptoms and the longer-term implications of the COVID-19 burden.