bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfusionstechniken bei thorakoabdominellen Aortenaneurysmen
Authors: Schachner Thomas , Gratl Alexandra , Gorny Olaf , Enzmann Florian , Wipper Sabine H. 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie operative Behandlung thorakoabdomineller Aortenaneurysmen (TAAA) ist eine komplexe Prozedur und erfordert eine entsprechende Planung. Die TAAA werden entsprechend der Crawford-Klassifikation (Typen I bis V) eingeteilt. Typ-II-TAAA erfordern den ausgedehntesten Eingriff und weisen dementsprechend die höchste postoperative Morbidität und Mortalität auf. Die Perfusionsstrategie der Viszeralorgane und des Rückenmarks ist bei der operativen Versorgung der TAAA von zentraler Bedeutung. Die distale arterielle Perfusion, die selektive viszerale Perfusion und die additiven protektiven Maßnahmen mit Liquordrainage und hämodynamischem Management zur möglichst frühzeitigen Etablierung eines pulsatilen Flusses spielen dabei eine wesentliche Rolle. Die Techniken der extrakorporalen Zirkulation mit Herz-Lungen-Maschine oder Linksherzbypass werden mit ihren Vor- und Nachteilen diskutiert. Die Möglichkeiten zur viszeralen Organperfusion werden vorgestellt.
Mental health problems, stressful life events and new-onset urinary incontinence in primary school-age children: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Warne Naomi , Heron Jon , von Gontard Alexander , Joinson Carol 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEmotional/behaviour problems and exposure to stressful life events are thought to contribute to new onset of urinary incontinence (UI) amongst children who have attained bladder control. However, very few prospective studies have examined these associations. We assessed whether mental health problems and stressful life events were associated with subsequent new onset in UI using multivariable logistic regression in a prospective UK cohort (n = 6408). Mothers provided information on their child’s symptoms of common mental disorders (Development and Wellbeing Assessment, 7 years), stressful life events (7–8 years) and wetting (day and night, 9 years). There was strong evidence that separation anxiety symptoms were associated with new-onset UI in the fully adjusted model (OR (95% CI) = 2.08 (1.39, 3.13), p < 0.001). Social anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms were associated with new-onset UI, but these associations attenuated following adjustment for child developmental level and earlier emotional/behaviour problems. There was weak evidence for a sex interaction with stressful life events (p = 0.065), such that females experiencing more stressful life events were at higher risk of new-onset UI (fully adjusted model OR (95% CI) = 1.66 (1.05, 2.61), p = 0.029), but there was no association in males (fully adjusted model OR (95% CI) = 0.87 (0.52, 1.47), p = 0.608). These results suggest that separation anxiety and stressful life events in girls may lead to an increase in UI.
A systematic review exploring characteristics of youth with severe and enduring mental health problems (SEMHP)
Authors: Bansema C. H. , Vermeiren R. R. J. M. , de Soet R. , van Ewijk H. , Nijland L. , Nooteboom L. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA small group of youth and emerging adults deals with severe and enduring mental health problems (SEMHP). Current mental health care struggles to recognize and treat this group timely and adequately, leaving these youth between the cracks of the system. A first step to improve care for this group is to gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics of youth with SEMHP. Therefore, this study aimed at reviewing current literature about this target group and what is known so far about their characteristics. We included 39 studies with a focus on youth aged 12–25 years with SEMHP. After critical appraisal, a content analysis and in-depth thematic analysis were conducted. According to the included studies, youth with SEMHP were characterized by severe distress and recurrent comorbid mental health problems, with pervasive suicidality. Further, underlying trauma, family conflicts, peer rejection, deep feelings of hopelessness, and psychosocial malfunctioning characterized SEMHP. It was described that for youth with SEMHP a pervasive pattern of dysfunction in multiple domains is present leading to a detrimental impact. Subsequently, this pattern exerts a reciprocal influence on the mental health problems, causing a vicious circle further worsening SEMHP. Our findings emphasize the need for a holistic approach and to look beyond the traditional classification system in order to meet the needs of these youth with wide-ranging comorbid mental health problems.
Different Cerrado Ecotypes Show Contrasting Soil Microbial Properties, Functioning Rates, and Sensitivity to Changing Water Regimes
Authors: Durán J. , Meira-Neto J. , Delgado-Baquerizo M. , Hamonts K. , Figueiredo V. , Enrich-Prast A. , Rodríguez A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSoil moisture is among the most important factors regulating soil biodiversity and functioning. Models forecast changes in the precipitation regime in many areas of the planet, but how these changes will influence soil functioning, and how biotic drivers modulate such effects, is far from being understood. We evaluated the responses of C and N fluxes, and soil microbial properties to different soil water regimes in soils from the main three ecotypes of the world's largest and most diverse tropical savanna. Further, we explored the direct and indirect effects of changes in the ecotype and soil water regimes on these key soil processes. Soils from the woodland savanna showed a better nutritional status than the other ecotypes, as well as higher potential N cycling rates, N2O emissions, and soil bacterial abundance but lower bacterial richness, whereas potential CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake peaked in the intermediate savanna. The ecotype also modulated the effects of changes in the soil water regime on nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas fluxes, and soil bacterial properties, with more intense responses in the intermediate savanna. Further, we highlight the existence of multiple contrasting direct and indirect (via soil microbes and abiotic properties) effects of an intensification of the precipitation regime on soil C- and N-related processes. Our results confirm that ecotype is a fundamental driver of soil properties and functioning in the Cerrado and that it can determine the responses of key soil processes to changes in the soil water regime.
Interactive machine translation for the language modernization and spelling normalization of historical documents
Authors: Domingo Miguel , Casacuberta Francisco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHistorical documents are an important part of our cultural heritage. Among other task related to their processing, it is important to modernize their language in order to make them accessible to a broader audience and to achieve an orthography consistency to reduce the linguistic variation inherent in them. Language modernization and spelling normalization have those goals in mind. However, they still have a long way to go. Thus, in order to help scholars generate error-free modernizations/normalizations when the quality is essential, we propose an interactive framework based on interactive machine translation. In this work, we deployed two different interactive protocols into these tasks. We evaluated our proposal under simulated environments, observing significant reductions of the human effort.
Etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of human papilloma virus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shinomiya Hirotaka , Nibu Ken-ichi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClassical oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) caused by alcohol consumption and smoking and HPV-associated OPSCC caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have different etiologies, incidences, and prognoses. Therefore, the 8th American Joint committee on Cancer (AJCC) and Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) TNM classifications propose distinguishing HPV-associated OPSCC from classical OPSCC and classifying it as an independent disease. Therefore, this review provides an overview of HPV-associated OPSCC from the perspectives of epidemiology, carcinogenesis, development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The incidence of HPV-associated OPSCC is increasing. Although HPV vaccination has been shown to be effective at reducing the incidence of cervical cancer, it is still unclear how it affects the incidence of HPV-associated OPSCC. Additionally, the prognosis of patients with HPV-associated OPSCC is extremely favorable compared to that of patients with classical OPSCC. Therefore, patients with HPV-associated OPSCC may undergo reduced-dose therapy, although attempts to reduce treatment intensity should be carefully planned to ensure they do not compromise oncological outcomes, and large-scale trials aimed at reducing treatment intensity are ongoing.
Pseudo-Kähler and pseudo-Sasaki structures on Einstein solvmanifolds
Authors: Conti Diego , Rossi Federico Alberto , Segnan Dalmasso Romeo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to construct left-invariant Einstein pseudo-Riemannian Sasaki metrics on solvable Lie groups. We consider the class of $$\mathfrak {z}$$
z
-standard Sasaki solvable Lie algebras of dimension $$2n+3$$

2
n
+
3

, which are in one-to-one correspondence with pseudo-Kähler nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension 2n endowed with a compatible derivation, in a suitable sense. We characterize the pseudo-Kähler structures and derivations giving rise to Sasaki–Einstein metrics. We classify $$\mathfrak {z}$$
z
-standard Sasaki solvable Lie algebras of dimension $$\le 7$$

≤
7

and those whose pseudo-Kähler reduction is an abelian Lie algebra. The Einstein metrics we obtain are standard, but not of pseudo-Iwasawa type.
External control arms for rare diseases: building a body of supporting evidence
Authors: Khachatryan Artak , Read Stephanie H , Madison Terri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComparator arms in randomized clinical trials may be impractical and/or unethical to assemble in rare diseases. In the absence of comparator arms, evidence generated from external control studies has been used to support successful regulatory submissions and health technology assessments (HTA). However, conducting robust and rigorous external control arm studies is challenging and despite all efforts, residual biases may remain. As a result, regulatory and HTA agencies may request additional external control analyses so that decisions may be made based upon a body of supporting evidence.This paper introduces external control studies and provides an overview of the key methodological issues to be considered in the design of these studies. A series of case studies are presented in which evidence derived from one or more external controls was submitted to regulatory and HTA agencies to provide support for the consistency of findings.
Development and evaluation of pharmacist-provided teach-back medication counselling at hospital discharge
Authors: O’Mahony E. , Kenny J. , Hayde J. , Dalton K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Pharmacists can use teach-back to improve patients’ understanding of medication; however, the evidence of its impact on patient outcomes is inconsistent. From the literature, there is no standardised way to provide pharmacist-delivered medication counselling at hospital discharge, with limited reporting on training.

Aim
To develop a standardised medication counselling procedure using teach-back at hospital discharge, and to evaluate feedback from patients and pharmacists on this initiative.

Method
A standardised intervention procedure was developed. Participating pharmacists (n = 9) were trained on teach-back via an online education module and watching a demonstration video created by the researchers. Pharmacists provided patients with discharge medication counselling utilising teach-back and a patient-friendly list of medication changes to take home. To obtain feedback, patients were surveyed within seven days of discharge via telephone and pharmacists answered an anonymous survey online.

Results
Thirty-two patients (mean age: 57 years; range: 19–91) were counselled on a mean 2.94 medications/patient with the mean counselling time as 23.6 min/patient. All patients responded to the survey, whereby 93.7% had increased confidence regarding medication knowledge and were satisfied with the counselling and the information provided. All pharmacist survey respondents (n = 8) agreed they were given adequate training and that teach-back was feasible to apply in practice.

Conclusion
This is the first study to evaluate patients’ views on pharmacist-provided teach-back medication counselling. With positive patient outcomes, a standardised procedure, and a comprehensive description of the training, this study can inform the development of discharge medication counselling utilising teach-back going forward.
Fairness in recommender systems: research landscape and future directions
Authors: Deldjoo Yashar , Jannach Dietmar , Bellogin Alejandro , Difonzo Alessandro , Zanzonelli Dario 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecommender systems can strongly influence which information we see online, e.g., on social media, and thus impact our beliefs, decisions, and actions. At the same time, these systems can create substantial business value for different stakeholders. Given the growing potential impact of such AI-based systems on individuals, organizations, and society, questions of fairness have gained increased attention in recent years. However, research on fairness in recommender systems is still a developing area. In this survey, we first review the fundamental concepts and notions of fairness that were put forward in the area in the recent past. Afterward, through a review of more than 160 scholarly publications, we present an overview of how research in this field is currently operationalized, e.g., in terms of general research methodology, fairness measures, and algorithmic approaches. Overall, our analysis of recent works points to certain research gaps. In particular, we find that in many research works in computer science, very abstract problem operationalizations are prevalent and questions of the underlying normative claims and what represents a fair recommendation in the context of a given application are often not discussed in depth. These observations call for more interdisciplinary research to address fairness in recommendation in a more comprehensive and impactful manner.
OncoVee™-MiniPDX-guided anticancer treatment for HER2-negative intermediate-advanced gastric cancer patients: a single-arm, open-label phase I clinical study
Authors: Zhang Baonan , Li Yuzhen , Zhu Xiaodan , Chen Zhe , Huang Xiaona , Gong Tingjie , Zheng Weiwang , Bi Zhenle , Zhu Chenyang , Qian Jingyi , Li Xiaoqiang , Jin Chunhui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Chemotherapy is the main treatment strategy for patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric cancer (GC); yet, many patients do not respond well to treatment. This study evaluated the sensitivity of a mini patient-derived xenograft (MiniPDX) animal model in patients with HER2-negative intermediate-advanced GC.

Methods
In this single-arm, open-label clinical study, we consecutively recruited patients with HER2-negative advanced or recurrent GC from September 2018 to July 2021. Tumor tissues were subjected to MiniPDX drug sensitivity tests for screening individualized anti-tumor drugs; appropriate drug types or combinations were selected based on drug screening results. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and safety, and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR).

Results
A total of 17 patients were screened, and 14 eligible patients were included.The median follow-up time was 9 (2–34) months. The median PFS time was 14.1 (2–34) months, the median OS time was 16.9 (2–34) months, ORR was 42.9% (6/14), and DCR was 92.9% (13/14). The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) were fatigue (14 (100%)), anorexia (13 (93%)) and insomnia (12 (86%)), and the most common grade 3 or worse TRAE was fatigue (6 (43%)), and anorexia (6 (43%)). The occurrence rate of myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, abnormal liver enzymes, and other grade 3–4 chemotherapy adverse reactions were relatively low, and no grade 5 treatment-related adverse events occurred.

Conclusion
Screening HER2-negative medium-advanced GC/GJC chemotherapy regimens and targeted drugs based on MiniPDX animal models showed good tumor activity and safety.
Repurposing the KCa3.1 Blocker Senicapoc for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Ruth D. , Chen Yi-Je , Nguyen Hai M. , Singh Latika , Dietrich Connor J. , Pyles Benjamin R. , Cui Yanjun , Weinstein Jonathan R. , Wulff Heike 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Senicapoc, a small molecule inhibitor of the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1, was safe and well-tolerated in clinical trials for sickle cell anemia. We previously reported proof-of-concept data suggesting that both pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of KCa3.1 reduces infarction and improves neurologic recovery in rodents by attenuating neuroinflammation. Here we evaluated the potential of repurposing senicapoc for ischemic stroke. In cultured microglia, senicapoc inhibited KCa3.1 currents with an IC50 of 7 nM, reduced Ca2+ signaling induced by the purinergic agonist ATP, suppressed expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes (iNOS and COX-2), and prevented induction of the inflammasome component NLRP3. When transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO, 60 min) was induced in male C57BL/6 J mice, twice daily administration of senicapoc at 10 and 40 mg/kg starting 12 h after reperfusion dose-dependently reduced infarct area determined by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and improved neurological deficit on day 8. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of total and free brain concentrations demonstrated sufficient KCa3.1 target engagement. Senicapoc treatment significantly reduced microglia/macrophage and T cell infiltration and activation and attenuated neuronal death. A different treatment paradigm with senicapoc started at 3 h and MRI on day 3 and day 8 revealed that senicapoc reduces secondary infarct growth and suppresses expression of inflammation markers, including T cell cytokines in the brain. Lastly, we demonstrated that senicapoc does not impair the proteolytic activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in vitro. We suggest that senicapoc could be repurposed as an adjunctive immunocytoprotective agent for combination with reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke.
Is Race Associated with the Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia? An Analysis of 30,000 Medicare Lives
Authors: Narang Gopal L. , Rojanasarot Sirikan , Cutone Ben , Humphreys Mitchell R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Backgrounds
With an increased prevalence and burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), effective and equitable treatment is a priority. Limited data exist evaluating treatment disparities for patients with BPH by race. This study examined the association between race and BPH surgical treatment rates among Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods
Medicare claims data were used to identify men newly diagnosed with BPH from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2018. Patients were followed until their first BPH surgery, a diagnosis of prostate/bladder cancer, termination of Medicare enrollment, death, or end of study. Cox proportional hazards regression compared the likelihood of BPH surgery between men of different races (White vs. Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC)), controlling for patients’ geographical region, Charlson comorbidity score, and baseline comorbidities.

Results
The study included 31,699 patients (13.7% BIPOC). BIPOC men had significantly lower BPH surgery rates (9.5% BIPOC vs. 13.4% White; p=0.02). BIPOC race was associated with a 19% lower likelihood of receiving BPH surgery than White race (HR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.70, 0.94). Transurethral resection of the prostate was the most common surgery for both groups (49.4% Whites vs. 56.8% BIPOC; p=0.052). A higher proportion of BIPOC men underwent procedures in inpatient settings compared to White men (18.2% vs. 9.8%; p<0.001).

Conclusions
Among a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with BPH, there were notable treatment disparities by race. BIPOC men had lower rates of surgery than White men and were more likely to undergo procedures in the inpatient setting. Improving patient access to outpatient BPH surgical procedures may help address treatment disparities.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychiatric Rehabilitation in Residential Facilities: Perspectives of Staff and Residents
Authors: Lasalvia Antonio , Bodini Luca , D’Astore Camilla , Gomez Francesca , Pesarin Alessia , Imperadore Giuseppe , Bonetto Chiara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic imposed significant changes in the care of patients in psychiatric residential facilities, especially during lockdown periods. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the pandemic on patients and staff of psychiatric residential facilities (RFs). This cross-sectional survey was conducted between 30 June and 30 July 2021 and involved 31 RFs located in the province of Verona (Italy). In total, 170 staff members and 272 residents participated in this study. Staff showing clinically significant symptoms of anxiety, depression and burnout were, respectively, 7.7%, 14.2% and 6%. Staff were concerned about the risk that COVID-19 infection might spread among residents (67.6%) and that residents could not receive an acceptable service due to service reconfiguration because of the pandemic (50.3%). Residents found it very unpleasant not to be permitted to attend family members (85.3%), and not to be allowed to engage in outdoor activities due to the restrictions (84%). Both staff and residents agree that the main problematic areas for the residents was the interdiction to meet family members or friends and the interdiction to outdoor activities, whereas problems related to the COVID-19 infection were considered by the staff members as more frequently problematic than reported by residents. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the rehabilitation care and recovery journeys of the residents of psychiatric RFs. Therefore, sustained, and careful attention is needed to ensure that the rehabilitation needs of people with severe mental disorders are not neglected in time of pandemics.