bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proton and Electron Temperatures in the Solar Wind and Their Correlations with the Solar Wind Speed
Authors: Shi 时 Chen 辰 , Velli Marco , Lionello Roberto , Sioulas Nikos , Huang 黄 Zesen 泽森 , Halekas Jasper S. , Tenerani Anna , Réville Victor , Dakeyo Jean-Baptiste , Maksimović Milan , Bale Stuart D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The heating and acceleration of the solar wind remains one of the unsolved fundamental problems in heliophysics. It is usually observed that the proton temperature T

i
is highly correlated with the solar wind speed V
SW, while the electron temperature T

e
shows anticorrelation or no clear correlation with the solar wind speed. Here, we inspect both Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and WIND data, and compare the observations with simulation results. PSP observations below 30 solar radii clearly show a positive correlation between the proton temperature and the wind speed and a negative correlation between the electron temperature and the wind speed. One year (2019) of WIND data confirm that the proton temperature is positively correlated with the solar wind speed, but the electron temperature increases with the solar wind speed for slow wind, while it decreases with the solar wind speed for fast wind. Using a 1D Alfvén-wave-driven solar wind model with different proton and electron temperatures, we find, for the first time, that if most of the dissipated Alfvén wave energy heats the ions instead of the electrons, a positive T

i
–V
SW correlation and a negative T

e
–V
SW correlation arise naturally. If the electrons gain a small but finite portion of the dissipated wave energy, the T

e
–V
SW correlation evolves with the radial distance to the Sun, such that the negative correlation gradually turns positive. The model results show that Alfvén waves are one of the possible explanations for the observed evolution of the proton and electron temperatures in the solar wind.
Early Galaxy Formation and the Hubble Constant Tension
Authors: McGaugh Stacy S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Tension between local determinations of the Hubble constant and the value found in fits to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) acoustic power spectrum have emerged as finer angular scales (higher multipoles ℓ) have been measured in the latter. Independent observations indicate that massive galaxies emerged at higher redshift than anticipated in the standard ΛCDM structure formation paradigm. If genuine, these early galaxies would cause excess gravitational lensing of the CMB, adding an anomalous source of power at high ℓ. I suggest that accommodating this anomalous source of power in multiparameter fits might be the root cause of the Hubble tension rather than systematics in local measurements.
Chinese Herb Formulae Inhibit the Proliferation of Human Colon Cancer SW480 Cells by Inducing Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Fu Su , Qin Shao-Lin , Rausch Wolf-Dieter 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
This study aimed to reveal the antitumor effects of Chinese herbal formulae and the underlying mechanisms in treating colorectal cancer, with a focus on developing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a supplement and alternative therapeutic method for cancers.

Materials and Methods:
Human colon cancer SW480 cells were treated with three Chinese herbal formulae, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Decoction, Fuzi Lizhong Decoction, and Pulsatilla Decoction at different concentrations (50–600 μg/mL) for 24, 36, and 48 h, respectively. Cell viability was determined using the resazurin reduction assay, and cell survival rate was evaluated using a colony formation assay. After treatment with different concentrations (50–600 μg/mL) of these three formulae for 48 h, the effects of the Chinese herbal formulae on cell apoptosis were investigated using Hoechst/propidium iodide (PI) staining. The positive PI-stained cells were investigated using an EnSpire multilabel plate reader and the positive Hoechst-stained cells were observed under a fluorescence microscope for morphological changes.

Results:
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Decoction, Fuzi Lizhong Decoction, and Pulsatilla Decoction inhibited SW480 cell proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner and induced cell apoptosis.

Conclusion:
Chinese herbal formulae with a special prescription form of TCM with antitumor effects bring a new perspective in line with the principles of TCM in cancer treatment.
The prospective study of change of perception of postgraduate students on objective structured clinical examination in burns and plastic surgery
Authors: Mir Mohd Altaf , Chattopadhyay Debarati , Vathulya Madhubari , Mago Vishal , Maurya Rajesh Kumar , Kapoor Akshay , Rao Neeraj 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:In this study, we attempted to assess the change of perception of postgraduate students on objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in burns and plastic surgery after first five OSCE.METHODS:A prevalidated feedback questionnaire was used to assess and score the perception of postgraduate students on OSCE in burns and plastic surgery. The opinion of postgraduate students on the feedback questionnaire after first and fifth assessment tests based on OSCE was analyzed. The results were compiled on a data sheet and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and plotted as graphical interpretation. The statistical analysis was done using MedCalc software.RESULTS:The results of the study showed that there is a positive change in perception of students in favor of monthly assessment based on OSCE in burns and plastic surgery after fifth assessment. The mean students’ favorable perception score after the first assessment with was 30.2 ± 2.828 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) and after fifth assessment, 43 ± 2.828 (mean SD) with Student's testt= 10.119 andP< 0.0001 which is highly significant statistically in favor of OSCE after fifth assessment.CONCLUSIONS:We observed in our study that the monthly assessment based on OSCE is well accepted by the students of our subspecialty after few assessments; however, further studies are required to augment the evidence.
Determining the characteristics of a mental supportive workplace according to female hospital staff in one of Tehran hospitals
Authors: Faghihi Mitra , Farshad Aliasghar , Abhari Maryam Biglari , Azadi Nammamali , Mansourian Morteza 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Health-care workers are exposed to complex types of health and safety hazards. A high percentage of hospital staff in Iran are women, who in addition to heavy and stressful hospital work, also carry the burden of the family roles. It is in these circumstances that creating a supportive environment for women is of particular importance. Accordingly, this study is designed to determine the characteristics of a mental supporting work environment in the workplace from the perspective of female hospital staff.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was performed by a qualitative method and content analysis approach. Sampling was purposive and 26 women working in different wards of this hospital were included in the study. In this study, women with maximum diversity in terms of age, work experience, and employment ward were selected. The main method of data collection in this study was a semi-structured interview. Interview texts were extracted and divided into meaningful units. To validate and confirm the results plus accuracy of the research, the criterion of data validity or data credibility, admissibility, data accuracy, verifiability, reliability, and transferability were used.

RESULTS:
Through the data analysis, 58 primary concepts with the same features were classified into 10 subcategories. Then, based on common features at a more abstract level, they were converted into four main categories including job stressors, women's stress management, providing women's psychological-job satisfaction, and women's work-life balance.

CONCLUSION:
Creating supportive work environments for women, especially those operating in workplaces such as hospitals, which brings a lot of work pressure and workload for them, can be an important policy for organizations and hospital work environments.
Robotic infraclavicular approach for minimally invasive neck dissection in head-neck cancers
Authors: Khan Ameenuddin , Reddy V. Sreekanth , Gangadhara Bharath , Mayur M. , Barad Arunkumar , Munisiddaiah Devaprasad , Ramakrishnan Athira , Sadhoo Abhilasha , Nayak Sandeep P. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
In the recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the use of robot assisted neck dissection (RAND) as an alternative method for conventional neck dissection. Several recent reports have emphasized upon the feasibility and effectiveness of this technique. However, substantial technical and technological innovation is still essential in spite of the availability of multiple approaches for RAND.

Materials and Methods:
The present study describes a novel technique, i.e., Robotic Infraclavicular Approach for Minimally Invasive Neck Dissection (RIA MIND) used in head and neck cancers with the help of Intuitive da Vinci Xi Surgical System.

Results:
After RIA MIND procedure, the patient was discharged on the third post operative day. Also, the total wound size was less than 3.5 cm which enhanced the patient recovery time and required minimal post operative care. The patient was further reviewed 10 days after the procedure for the removal of sutures.

Conclusion:
RIA MIND technique was effective and safe for performing neck dissection for oral, head and neck cancers. However, additional detailed studies will be required for establishing this technique.
Paediatric one-day admission: why and is it necessary?
Authors: Lock Jing Zhan , Khoo Zi Xean , Pek Jen Heng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Paediatric patients admitted to the inpatient units from the emergency department (ED) are increasing, but the mean length of stay has fallen significantly. We aimed to determine the reasons behind paediatric one-day admissions in Singapore and to assess their necessity.

Methods:
A retrospective study involving paediatric patients who were admitted from a general ED of an adult tertiary hospital to a paediatric tertiary hospital between 1 August 2018 and 30 April 2020. One-day admission was defined as an inpatient stay of less than 24 h from the time of admission to discharge. An unnecessary admission was defined as one with no diagnostic test ordered, intravenous medication administered, therapeutic procedure performed or specialty review made in the inpatient unit. Data were captured in a standardised form and analysed.

Results:
There were 13,944 paediatric attendances — 1,160 (8.3%) paediatric patients were admitted. Among these, 481 (41.4%) were one-day admissions. Upper respiratory tract infection (62, 12.9%), gastroenteritis (60, 12.5%) and head injury (52, 10.8%) were the three most common conditions. The three most common reasons for ED admissions were inpatient treatment (203, 42.2%), inpatient monitoring (185, 38.5%) and inpatient diagnostic investigations (32, 12.3%). Ninety-six (20.0%) one-day admissions were unnecessary.

Conclusion:
Paediatric one-day admissions present an opportunity to develop and implement interventions targeted at the healthcare system, the ED, the paediatric patient and their caregiver, in order to safely slow down and perhaps reverse the trend of increased hospital admissions.
A Review on Anti-Diabetic Herbs of Siddha System Based on Their Organoleptic Characteristic
Authors: M.Sri Sakthi Logisha  , G.Nivetha  , K.Karpagavalli  , N J Muthukumar  , M V Mahalakshmi  , M.Meenakumari  
Published: February 2023

The Siddha system is a primordial system of medicine followed over a long period in the Southern part of India. Siddha system has peculiar methods in treating a disease and also possesses various diagnostic methods and treatment protocols. In the Siddha system, diagnostic methods are purely differing from other systems. The diagnostic tools are Envagaithervu (Eight Fold Assessment Test), Neer Kuri & Nei Kuri (Siddha Urine Test), Nadi (Pulse Test) etc. In the Siddha system treatments are based on Nadi, Suvai. Diabetics are the major non-communicable disease in the world. According to the statistics India is second among the top ten nations in the world, with 69.2 million people suffering from diabetes and another 36.5 million struggling with pre-diabetes. This rising prevalence is mostly due to changes in lifestyle, such as consuming unhealthy foods and being physically sedentary. In the Siddha system, it is compared with Neerizhuvu Noi. In Siddha, diabetes is not an illness. It is possible to keep it under control with the right diet and treatment. The article focus on scientific justification of the relationship of herbs cured Neerizhuvu Noi mentioned in classical text by their organoleptic characters and anti diabetic activity of the herbs. Taste plays a significant part in the selection of medicinal plants for each person in this kind of personalized treatment that is based on their constitution. This article discusses the Siddha approach to the control of diabetes, with a particular focus on the flavour of herbs.
A Conceptual Study on Deerghayu According to Classics
Authors: Deeksha D Shetty  , Arun Kumar M  , Prasanna N Mogasale  , Nagaraj S  
Published: February 2023

“Life well spent is long”, is well stated by Leonardo Da Vinci. A person's quality of life throughout all of those years of survival, rather than how many years they live, is what defines a long-life span. Superior constitution, great bodily components, excellent soul, adoption of a wholesome diet, and living a healthy lifestyle are the factors of this longevity. The lifespan of the individual should be checked by the doctor before any other aspects such as ailment, season, bio-fire, age, mental agility, homologation, constitution, medication, and location are examined. The attributes of Deerghayu that is long life span, along with Aahara (eating habits) and vihara (routines) to preserve longevity of life with the highest quality, have been outlined by Acharya Charaka after the Namakarana (naming ceremony) and Sushruta in Jatisutriya adhyaya in their description of life span. The present study analyzes the characteristic features of Deerghayu and the maintenance of these characteristics playing an important role in a long and healthy life.
Comparative Pharmacognostic and Powder Microscopic Studies of the Bark of Four Ficus Species (Nalpamaram)
Authors: Anusha UJ  , Meera Mohan K  , Ayana Elma Shaji  , Bijeshmon PP  
Published: February 2023

Nalpamaram is widely used in traditional Ayurvedic system for the treatment of several ailments. It is very effective for the treatment of skin diseases like pigmentation, wrinkles and dark circles. This has a brown texture and a unique aroma. Nalpamaram is a mixture of four plant species of the family Moraceae - Ficus religiosa (Asvattha), Ficus benghalensis (Nyagrodha), Ficus racemosa (Udumbara) and Ficus microcarpa (Plaksah). The barks of the species are usually interchanged or adulterated with other species of Ficus because of the limited knowledge in identification and differentiation. Therefore, a detailed comparative pharmacognostic evaluation of the four species has been carried out with the aim to establish the diagnostic keys of these important drugs based on the pharmacognostic and powder macroscopic profiles. Pharmacognostic study of all these shows differences in values. Total ash is low in F. racemosa and high in F. benghalensis Acid insoluble ash is low in F. benghalensis and high in F. racemosa. Water soluble extractive is low in F. benghalensis and high in F. racemosa. Alcohol soluble extractive is low in F. benghalensis and high in F. racemosa. Unique identification features like stone cells and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate were found in the powder of all four species. The information from the present study provide data which is useful for the development of suitable monograph, determining the quality and purity of a crude drug and laying down Pharmacopoeia standards for Nalpamaram.
PENGARUH RISIKO INFLASI, RISIKO KREDIT (NPL) DAN RISIKO LIKUIDITAS (LDR) TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS (ROA) DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Octavia Nur Rantika , Manda Gusgana Suria 
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out how big the Influence of Inflation Risk, Credit Risk (NPL) and Liquidity Risk (LDR) on Profitability (ROA) During the Covid-19 Pandemic Period in State-Owned Banks for the 2018-2020 Period. The method used was descriptive method with a quantitative approach assisted by the SPSS program, namely through classical assumption test analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing using simultaneous test (F test), partial test (t test), and coefficient of determination test (R2). . The data used in this study was secondary data where the data collection was indirectly so that it uses existing data information. This study uses the population at state-owned banks for the 2018-2020 period using the Saturated Sampling technique because the sampling technique takes all the population to be used as samples. Based on the results of the t-test partially Credit Risk (NPL) has a significant effect on Profitability (ROA), while Inflation Risk and Liquidity Risk (LDR) have no significant effect on Profitability (ROA). From the results of Adjusted R Aquare shows that simultaneously Profitability (ROA) was influenced by Inflation, Credit Risk (NPL), and Liquidity Risk (LDR) by 62%, while the remaining 38% is influenced by other factors.
AN EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF LONG COVID
Authors: Dorri Joseph A. , Jason Leonard A. 
Published: February 2023

An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) can provide a window into the latent dimensions of a disease, such as Long COVID. Discovering the latent factors of Long COVID enables researchers and clinicians to better conceptualize, study and treat this disease. In this study, participants were recruited from social media sites dedicated to COVID and Long COVID. Among the 480 participants, those who completed at least 90% of the survey, reported symptoms for two or more months since COVID-19 symptom onset, and had not been hospitalized for COVID were used in the EFA. The mean duration since initial symptom onset was 74.0 (37.3) weeks. A new questionnaire called The DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-COVID was used to assess self-reports of the frequency and severity of 38 Long COVID symptoms experienced over the most recent month. The most burdensome symptoms were “Symptoms that get worse after physical or mental activities (also known as Post-Exertional Malaise),” “Fatigue/extreme tiredness,” “Difficulty thinking and/or concentrating,” “Sleep problems,” and “Muscle aches.” The EFA resulted in a three-factor model with factors labeled General, PEM/Fatigue/Cognitive Dysfunction, and Psychological, consisting of 16, 6, and 3 items respectively (25 items in total). The reliability of the items in the EFA was .90 using a split-half reliability test. Finally, participant self-reported level of functional impairment was analyzed across the three EFA factors. Interpretations and applications to research and practice are provided.
Faktor- Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Bidan Dalam Pemberian Imunisasi Hepatitis B Pada Bayi Baru Lahir Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Siantar Sitalasari Tahun 2022
Authors: Manurung Oktafiana 
Published: February 2023

Hepatitis B adalah suatu penyakit hati yang disebabkan oleh virus Hepatitis B (VHB), suatu anggota family Hepadnavirus yang dapat menyebabkan peradangan hati yang menahun dan dapat berlanjut menjadi sirosis hati. Prevalensi Hepatitis B di Indonesia masih tinggi disebabkan karena penularan penyakit hepatitis B dari ibu melahirkan ke bayi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi bidan dalam pemberian imunisasi Hepatitis B pada bayi baru lahir di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Siantar Sitalasari.
Jenis penelitian adalah survei dengan metode pengukuran data cross sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu bersalin yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Siantar Sitalasari pada periode Juli sampai Desember tahun 2022 yang ditolong oleh bidan sebanyak 102 orang, seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji univariat, Chi Square dan regresi logistik berganda.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi (p=0,046; 95%CI 1,016-5,882), kemampuan (p=0,019; 95%CI 1,195-7,034) dan persepsi bidan (p=0,044; 95%CI 1,025-5,949) berpengaruh terhadap pemberian imunisasi Hepatitis B. Variabel yang paling besar pengaruhnya adalah kemampuan dengan nilai Exp B= 2,899 artinya bidan yang memiliki kemampuan baik mempunyai peluang untuk memberikan imunisasi hepatitis B 2,899 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan bidan yang kemampuannya tidak baik. Rendahnya cakupan imunisasi ini disebabkan sekitar 64,7% ibu menyatakan bidan tidak menjelaskan kepada ibu bahwa semua bayi baru lahir itu harus diberikan imunisasi hepatitis B ini, 59,2% ibu menyatakan tidak mendapatkan penjelasan dari bidan tentang manfaat imunisasi hepatitis B pada bayi, dan 59,8% ibu menyatakan tidak tahu bahwa pemberian imunisasi hepatitis B pertama pada bayi tidak boleh lewat dari tujuh hari setelah bayi dilahirkan sehingga mereka menganggap imunisasi hepatitis B ini bisa diberikan saat bayi telah berusia lebih dari 1 bulan.
Disarankan kepada Puskesmas Siantar Sitalasari untuk lebih meningkatkan cakupan pemberian imunisasi hepatitis B dengan peningkatan peran serta ibu untuk membawa anaknya imunisasi, dan melakukan pelatihan bagi seluruh petugas kesehatan. Memberikan penghargaan bagi bidan agar lebih memotivasi dirinya dalam melaksanakan tugasnya.

Kata kunci : Motivasi, Kemampuan, Persepsi, Pemberian Imunisasi Hepatitis B
COMPARISON OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN UNDERNOTED AND OVER NUTRITED ADOLESCENTS AT SMA NEGERI 1 PINOLOSIAN
Authors: Modeong Della , Kadir Sunarto , Arwati Niluh 
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the comparison of menstrual cycles in undernourished and overweight adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Pinolosian. This research method uses an observational research design with a cross- sectional approach. The population of this study was 128 female students. The sample used was 95 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. Using data analysis techniques, namely Univariate analysis with frequency distribution tables and Bivariate with Chi-Square test P = <0.05.
The results showed that there were 46 (36%) undernutrition and 49 (38.2%) over nutrition. Normal menstrual cycles for undernourishment 31 (63.3%) and for over nutrition 26 (56.6%), while undernourished those with abnormal menstrual cycles 18 (36.8%) and over nutrition 20 (43.3%). A good diet with poor nutrition 27 (58.7%), and not good 19 (41.3%). While a good diet on excess nutrition 25 (51%) and not good 24 (49%). And the results of the Chi Square test of normal and abnormal menstrual cycles in undernourished and overweight adolescents with a P value = 0.00
There is a comparison of the menstrual cycle in undernourished and overweight adolescents. It is recommended for female students to pay attention to diet properly in order to get good nutritional status so that it can also have a good impact on the menstrual cycle.