bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Continuous‐Flow Microreactor for Knoevenagel Condensation of Ethyl Cyanoacetate with Benzaldehyde: The Effect of Grafted Amino Groups on Catalytic Activity
Authors: Maresz Katarzyna , Ciemięga Agnieszka , Mrowiec‐Białoń Julita 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEthyl α‐cyanocinnamate was synthesized in the Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate in flow monolithic microreactor of 0.63 cm3 volume. The catalytically active core was made of silica monolith modified with various amine group precursors. Structural properties of the support, surface density of NHx groups, and catalytic activity were investigated. It was found that the poly‐ or di‐amine groups attached to the silica surface appeared to be more effective than the aminopropyl groups. Microreactors grafted with diamine functional groups, accompanied by hydrophobic methyl groups, showed the highest activity and stability. It was proved that the decisive role on the activity of catalysts was exerted by the presence of primary amines in diamine chain. The reaction conditions were optimized and it was found that almost full substrate conversion could be achieved in 6 min at 50 °C in the microreactor with low concentration of diamine groups equal to 0.33 mmol g−1.
U‐shaped relationship between environmental performance and financial performance of non‐financial companies: An empirical assessment
Authors: Ghosh Suchismita , Pareek Ritu , Sahu Tarak Nath 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study takes inspiration from the resource‐based view theory and two‐little of a good thing theory to scrutinize the influence of environmental performance (EP) on the firms' financial performance (FP). This study comes up with different interpretations like initially negative and later on positive impact of EP measured in terms of environmental disclosure score (EDS) on the firms' economic performance measured in terms of Tobin's Q, considering a nonlinear association between them. In order to examine the research hypothesis, static as well as generalized method of moments (GMM)‐based dynamic panel data analysis has been used on the selected non‐financial Indian companies for eleven financial years which commences from 2010 up to 2020. The result in the study confirms a positive U‐shaped linkage between EP and FP because firms achieve better and positive FP when the EDS increases continuously and crosses the threshold limit of 36 points in the long run, respectively. The result suggests that managers and investors to be cautious and courageous because EP will generate positive results due to the availability of critical resources and organization discretion in the long run but will harm at the minimum level.
Public Policy Experiments without Equipoise: When Is Randomization Fair?
Authors: MacKay Douglas , Cohn Emma 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTGovernment agencies and nonprofit organizations have increasingly turned to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate public policy interventions. Random assignment is widely understood to be fair when there is equipoise; however, some scholars and practitioners argue that random assignment is also permissible when an intervention is reasonably expected to be superior to other trial arms. For example, some argue that random assignment to such an intervention is fair when the intervention is scarce, for it is sometimes fair to use a lottery to allocate scarce goods. We investigate the permissibility of randomization in public policy RCTs when there is no equipoise, identifying two sets of conditions under which it is fair to allocate access to a superior intervention via random assignment. We also reject oft‐made claims that alternative study designs, including stepped‐wedge designs and uneven randomization, offer fair ways to allocate beneficial interventions.
Water limitation reveals local adaptation and plasticity in the drought tolerance strategies of Bouteloua gracilis
Authors: Bushey Julie A. , Hoffman Ava M. , Gleason Sean M. , Smith Melinda D. , Ocheltree Troy W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs the frequency and severity of drought increase in many regions around the globe, quantification of key drought tolerance traits and the intraspecific variability of these traits will improve predictions of the vulnerability of a species to novel drought conditions. The objective of this study was to quantify the variability in drought tolerance traits and correlate this to the sensitivity of plant growth to different soil moisture levels across populations of Bouteloua gracilis. Fourteen populations of B. gracilis were sampled along one local elevation‐aridity gradient in northern Colorado and one latitude‐aridity gradient from South Dakota to New Mexico. Individuals from each population were clonally propagated and subjected to high and low soil moisture treatments in a greenhouse and were measured for gas exchange, midday water potential (Ψmid), osmotic potential (Ψosm), biomass production, and morphological traits. Under water‐abundant conditions, plants from the most arid region produced more total biomass (67%) than plants from the most mesic system, yet experienced the greatest sensitivity (−34%) when subjected to water limitation. Productivity was strongly and negatively correlated with the magnitude of osmotic investment across all populations: each megapascal of osmotic potential was correlated with a decrease of 2.3 g of biomass under water‐limited conditions. Gas‐exchange and leaf morphological measurements did not explain these patterns. Unlike plants from the mesic regions, plants from the most arid regions did not adjust Ψosm. This lack of plasticity may be a local adaptation and the likely source of increased sensitivity in these populations.
The ecological role of native‐plant landscaping in residential yards to birds during the nonbreeding period
Authors: Smallwood Noriko L. , Wood Eric M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResidential yards are a form of urban land use that cover a considerable amount of area in cities worldwide and provide important habitat for wildlife, especially when landscaped with native plants. Nevertheless, most native‐plant landscaping and wildlife research in the northern temperate regions of the world has been conducted during the spring and summer breeding period, leaving a gap in our understanding of the importance of residential yards and native plants as habitats for animals during the nonbreeding period. To fill this gap, we quantified the ecological role of native‐landscaped yards to avifauna throughout Greater Los Angeles (LA), California, during the winter nonbreeding period, which is a time of year when the region hosts a high abundance and diversity of migratory and resident birds. We surveyed birds and habitat features from October to March of 2020 and 2021 at 22 pairs of native‐ and non‐native‐landscaped yards plus 10 additional native‐landscaped yards. We had three objectives for our study. First, we compared avifaunal communities, including feeding and nonfeeding behaviors, and habitat features between native and non‐native‐landscaped yards. Second, we quantified relationships between habitat features and bird richness, abundance, and feeding and nonfeeding behaviors—focusing on species affiliated with urban or natural terrestrial ecosystems of the region. Third, we documented feeding and nonfeeding behaviors by birds with native and non‐native plants. Native‐landscaped yards had a greater cover of native trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, and a higher cover of natural habitat elements, including leaf litter and bare‐ground cover. Bird richness and abundance—especially bird species affiliated with tree‐ and shrub‐dominated ecosystems—were greater in native than non‐native‐landscaped yards. Further, yards with a higher cover of native plants supported greater numbers of feeding birds, with individuals focusing their foraging behaviors on distinct native trees and shrubs, including Quercus spp. (oak), Heteromeles spp. (toyon), Arctostaphylos spp. (manzanita), and Salvia spp. (sage). Our results suggest that residential yards landscaped with native plants provide important habitat for birds during the nonbreeding period and are a viable approach for residents and cities if improving conditions for birds throughout the annual cycle is a goal.
Coexistence between similar invaders: The case of two cosmopolitan exotic insects
Authors: Arnold Matthew B. , Back Michael , Crowell Michael Daniel , Farooq Nageen , Ghimire Prashant , Obarein Omon A. , Smart Kyle E. , Taucher Trixie , VanderJeugdt Erin , Perry Kayla I. , Landis Douglas A. , Bahlai Christie A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiological invasions are usually examined in the context of their impacts on native species. However, few studies have examined the dynamics between invaders when multiple exotic species successfully coexist in a novel environment. Yet, long‐term coexistence of now established exotic species has been observed in North American lady beetle communities. Exotic lady beetles Harmonia axyridis and Coccinella septempunctata were introduced for biological control in agricultural systems and have since become dominant species within these communities. In this study, we investigated coexistence via spatial and temporal niche partitioning among H. axyridis and C. septempunctata using a 31‐year data set from southwestern Michigan, USA. We found evidence of long‐term coexistence through a combination of small‐scale environmental, habitat, and seasonal mechanisms. Across years, H. axyridis and C. septempunctata experienced patterns of cyclical dominance likely related to yearly variation in temperature and precipitation. Within years, populations of C. septempunctata peaked early in the growing season at 550 degree days, while H. axyridis populations grew in the season until 1250 degree days and continued to have high activity after this point. C. septempunctata was generally most abundant in herbaceous crops, whereas H. axyridis did not display strong habitat preferences. These findings suggest that within this region H. axyridis has broader habitat and abiotic environmental preferences, whereas C. septempunctata thrives under more specific ecological conditions. These ecological differences have contributed to the continued coexistence of these two invaders. Understanding the mechanisms that allow for the coexistence of dominant exotic species contributes to native biodiversity conservation management of invaded ecosystems.
Comparing late‐onset epileptic spasm outcomes after corpus callosotomy and subsequent disconnection surgery between post‐encephalitis/encephalopathy and non‐encephalitis/encephalopathy
Authors: Inoue Takeshi , Kuki Ichiro , Uda Takehiro , Kunihiro Noritsugu , Umaba Ryoko , Koh Saya , Nukui Megumi , Okazaki Shin , Otsubo Hiroshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to analyze the efficiency of corpus callosotomy (CC) and subsequent disconnection surgeries in patients with late‐onset epileptic spasms (LOES) by comparing post‐encephalitis/encephalopathy (PE) and non‐encephalitis/encephalopathy (NE). We hypothesized these surgeries can control potential focal onset epileptic spasms (ES) in the NE group but not in the PE group.MethodsWe retrospectively included 23 patients (12 with PE and 11 with NE) who initially underwent CC and subsequent disconnection surgeries (five NE). We compared the clinical courses, seizure types, MRI, video‐EEG, epilepsy surgery, and seizure outcomes between the two groups.ResultsThe median age of LOES onset in the PE group was 2.8 (range 1.0–10.1 years) and 2.9 years (range 1.1–12.6) in the NE group. Bilateral MRI abnormalities were observed in both groups (PE, n = 12; NE, n = 3; P < 0.05). The PE group presented ES alone (n = 2), ES + focal seizures (FS) (n = 3), ES + generalized seizures (GS) (n = 3), and ES + FS + GS (n = 4) in addition to stimulus‐induced startle seizures (SS) (n = 8) (mean 3.1 seizure types/patient). The NE group presented ES alone (n = 1), ES + FS (n = 2), and ES + FS + GS (n = 8) (mean 2.7 seizure types/patient). In the PE group, CC stopped ES (n = 1) and SS (n = 1) and achieved <50% SS (n = 3). In the NE group, CC achieved immediate ES‐free status (n = 2) and < 50% ES (n = 1), and additional disconnection surgeries subsided all seizure types (n = 3) based on lateralized interictal/ictal EEG findings. LOES was significantly remitted by surgery in the NE group (6/11 [55%]) compared with the PE group (1/12 [8%]) (P < 0.05).SignificanceLOES is a drug‐resistant, focal/generalized/unknown onset ES. Lateralization of ES in NE could be achieved after CC and eliminated by further disconnection surgeries because of potential focal onset ES. LOES in PE had little benefit from CC for generalized onset ES. However, CC might reduce SS in patients in the PE group with multiple seizure types.
Earthquake‐induced impact of base‐isolated buildings: theory, numerical modeling, and design solutions
Authors: Yu Ching‐Ching , Whittaker Andrew S. , Kosbab Benjamin D. , Tehrani Payman Khalili 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEarthquake shaking more intense than that used to size the horizontal clearance between a base‐isolated building and near‐rigid perimeter moat wall will result in hard impact, producing high‐frequency, high‐amplitude acceleration response in the structure and supported equipment. This paper provides a design solution for the damaging effects of hard impact by installing a compliant engineered element in the load path between the base‐isolated building and the moat wall, resulting in soft impact and a much smaller acceleration response. The engineered element assumed herein is a commercial‐off‐the‐shelf marine fender with mechanical properties determined by physical testing. The attachment of a flexible engineered element, with well‐defined stiffness and damping, to a near‐rigid moat wall, simplifies the numerical modeling of the building‐moat wall system and eliminates the need to bound the lateral stiffness of the wall for impact calculations. The simple model of the engineered element can be implemented in commercial finite element codes. Theory is developed for two‐sided impact of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillator. Analytical solutions are derived for the shifted first‐mode frequency of the impacted oscillator and for its free‐vibration response. The shifted first‐mode frequency is a function of the composite lateral stiffness of the isolator‐engineered element assembly and its earthquake‐induced displacement. Local peaks in the spectral response of the impacted oscillator form at odd integer multiples of the shifted first‐mode frequency. The analytical solutions can be used to verify, in part, the numerical model used for impact analysis.
Development of hyper‐parameter‐tuned‐recurrent neural network for detection and mitigation of fraudulent resource consumption attack in cloud
Authors: Rubai Saleh Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCloud computing is a paradigm that acts as an emerging technology with the intent of multimedia. Nevertheless, multimedia computing faces a financial burden. The essential characteristic of cloud computing is the cloud's pay‐as‐you‐go pricing model. Hence, several attacks are affecting cloud services since the threats are present long term. Such harmful attacks are named Fraudulent Resource Consumption (FRC) attacks. Due to this nature, attack detection is a critical task in cloud computing. To alleviate the problem, the proposed work is intended to detect and mitigate the FRC attack in the cloud without any vital issues. Initially, the HTTP web‐server logs are collected from the benchmark source, and the data preprocessing is performed for sequence generation, followed by the sequence decomposition process. Here, the Heuristic‐based Discrete Wavelet Transform is developed by the Adaptive Deer Hunting Optimization Algorithm (ADHOA) that is to be adopted for decomposing the sequence. Further, the hyper‐parameter Tuned‐Recurrent Neural Network (HT‐RNN) with estimating attack percentage is conducted for FRC detection. Once the detection of the FRC attack is done, then the mitigation procedure is processed for blocking them. Throughout the experimental analysis, the accuracy of the proposed ADHOA‐HT‐RNN method has attained 96%, and also, the precision of the proposed work offers 94%. The specificity of the designed model has secured 92%. The performance is assessed, and its result proves that the recommended system exploits the better detection performance. Thus, the simulation outcome has shown that the proposed ADHOA‐HT‐RNN model has attained superior performance compared to the other conventional approaches.
The cortical NG2‐glia response to traumatic brain injury
Authors: Dean Terry , Ghaemmaghami Javid , Corso John , Gallo Vittorio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. A chronic neurologic disease bearing the moniker of “the silent epidemic,” TBI currently has no targeted therapies to ameliorate cellular loss or enhance functional recovery. Compared with those of astrocytes, microglia, and peripheral immune cells, the functions and mechanisms of NG2‐glia following TBI are far less understood, despite NG2‐glia comprising the largest population of regenerative cells in the mature cortex. Here, we synthesize the results from multiple rodent models of TBI, with a focus on cortical NG2‐glia proliferation and lineage potential, and propose future avenues for glia researchers to address this unique cell type in TBI. As the molecular mechanisms that regulate NG2‐glia regenerative potential are uncovered, we posit that future therapeutic strategies may exploit cortical NG2‐glia to augment local cellular recovery following TBI.
Strategic human resource management in the context of environmental crises: A COVID‐19 test
Authors: Minbaeva Dana B. , Navrbjerg Steen E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article explores the gaps in strategic human resource management (SHRM) research exposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic in order to guide future SHRM research in the context of environmental crises. Using evidence from Danish companies and public organizations collected using a mixed‐methods sequential design, we discuss whether existing SHRM frameworks can adequately frame and deliver the academic knowledge needed to address the novel challenges posed by the pandemic. We formulate guidelines for future research that will shape discussions of the role of SHRM in building organizational resilience in the face of environmental crises.
Recovery of walking in nonambulatory children with chronic spinal cord injuries: Case series
Authors: Howland Dena R. , Trimble Shelley A. , Fox Emily J. , Tester Nicole J. , Spiess Martina R. , Senesac Claudia R. , Kleim Jeffrey A. , Spierre Louise Z. , Rose Dorian K. , Johns Jeffery S. , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Reier Paul J. , Behrman Andrea L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe immature central nervous system is recognized as having substantial neuroplastic capacity. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that rehabilitation can exploit that potential and elicit reciprocal walking in nonambulatory children with chronic, severe (i.e., lower extremity motor score < 10/50) spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Seven male subjects (3–12 years of age) who were at least 1‐year post‐SCI and incapable of discrete leg movements believed to be required for walking, enrolled in activity‐based locomotor training (ABLT; clinicaltrials.gov NCT00488280). Six children completed the study. Following a minimum of 49 sessions of ABLT, three of the six children achieved walking with reverse rolling walkers. Stepping development, however, was not accompanied by improvement in discrete leg movements as underscored by the persistence of synergistic movements and little change in lower extremity motor scores. Interestingly, acoustic startle responses exhibited by the three responding children suggested preserved reticulospinal inputs to circuitry below the level of injury capable of mediating leg movements. On the other hand, no indication of corticospinal integrity was obtained with transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked responses in the same individuals. These findings suggest some children who are not predicted to improve motor and locomotor function may have a reserve of adaptive plasticity that can emerge in response to rehabilitative strategies such as ABLT. Further studies are warranted to determine whether a critical need exists to re‐examine rehabilitation approaches for pediatric SCI with poor prognosis for any ambulatory recovery.
Validation of a machine learning technique for segmentation and pose estimation in single plane fluoroscopy
Authors: Broberg Jordan S. , Chen Joanna , Jensen Andrew , Banks Scott A. , Teeter Matthew G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKinematics of total knee replacements (TKR) play an important role in assessing the success of a procedure and would be a valuable addition to clinical practice; however, measuring TKR kinematics is time consuming and labour intensive. Recently, an automatic single‐plane fluoroscopic method utilizing machine learning has been developed to facilitate a quick and simple process for measuring TKR kinematics. This study aimed to validate the new automatic single‐plane technique using biplanar radiostereometric analysis (RSA) as the gold standard. Twenty‐four knees were imaged at various angles of flexion in a dedicated RSA lab and 113 image pairs were obtained. Only the lateral RSA images were used for the automatic single‐plane technique to simulate single‐plane fluoroscopy. Two networks helped automate the kinematics measurement process, one segmented implant components and the other generated an initial pose estimate for the optimization algorithm. Kinematics obtained via the automatic single plane and manual biplane techniques were compared using root‐mean‐square error and Bland–Altman plots. Two observers measured the kinematics using the automated technique and results were compared with assess reproducibility. Root‐mean‐square errors were 0.8 mm for anterior–posterior translation, 0.5 mm for superior–inferior translation, 2.6 mm for medial–lateral translation, 1.0° for flexion–extension, 1.2° for abduction–adduction, and 1.7° for internal–external rotation. Reproducibility, reported as root‐mean‐square errors between operator measurements, was submillimeter for in‐plane translations and below 2° for all rotations. Clinical Significance: The advantages of the automated single plane technique should aid in the kinematic measurement process and help researchers and clinicians perform TKR kinematic analyses.
Finite element analysis of sacral‐alar‐iliac screw fixation for sacroiliac joint dislocation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Cheng Yucheng , Diarra Mohamed diaty , Chen Erman , Hou Weiduo , Xin Zengfeng , Pan Zhijun , Li Weixu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe percutaneous sacroiliac (SI) screw is a common fixation option for posterior ring disruption in pelvic fractures. However, SI screw placement is difficult and can injure adjacent neurovascular structures. The sacral‐alar‐iliac screw (SAI) is a safe, reliable free‐hand sacral pelvic fixation technique. To investigate the biomechanical stability of SAI for SI joint dislocation, finite element analysis was performed in unstable Tile‐Type B and C pelvic ring injuries. The displacement in S1 (fixation of a unilateral S1 segment with one SI screw), TS1 (fixation of the S1 segment with a transsacra 1 screw), TS2 (fixation of the S2 segment with a transsacra 2 screw), S1AI, and S2AI exceeded the normal SI joint mobility. Sufficient stability after SI joint dislocation was obtained with (TS1 + TS2), (TS2 + S1), (S1AI + S2AI + rod), (S1AI + S2AI), and (S1 + S2AI + S1 pedicle) fixation. The TS1 + TS2 group had the smallest displacement and lowest peak screw stress, followed by (S1 + S2AI + S1 pedicle) placement. Our findings suggest that SAI screws are a valuable option for SI joint dislocation.