bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in prescribing volumes and costs of proton pump inhibitors in three outpatient specialties: a three-year retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in Thailand
Authors: Yusof Fitriya , Sanguanhong Siriprapha , Soorapan Suchada , Pongwecharak Juraporn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The study determined a comparative three-year trend in prescribing volumes and costs of proton pump inhibitors in three outpatient specialties of a tertiary hospital.

Methods
Prescription data for three consecutive fiscal years (2016–2018) were extracted from a tertiary hospital electronic database, for the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and orthopaedic outpatient specialties. The data collected were individual proton pump inhibitors, overall and individual prescribing volumes (capsule/tablet) and costs, stratified by specialty and fiscal year.

Key findings
Of the three specialties, the largest volume of proton pump inhibitor prescriptions, mostly for omeprazole, comes from the orthopaedic specialty (46%). In terms of prescribing costs, at the top is the cardiovascular specialty (45.75%). Lansoprazole, which is one of the proton pump inhibitors on in the national list of essential medicines, contributed most to the cost. Prescribing proton pump inhibitors that are not included in the national list of essential medicines were responsible for over 90% of the costs in the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal specialties. An escalating trend in prescribing varied proton pump inhibitors, that is, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, dexlansoprazole and rabeprazole, all of which were not on the list of essential medicines, was evident in the latter.

Conclusions
The highest volume of proton pump inhibitor prescribing—mostly of omeprazole, was issued by the orthopaedic specialty. The cardiovascular specialty was responsible for the largest amount of cost. The increases in the uses and costs of varying proton pump inhibitors which were outside the national list of essential medicines were notable in the gastrointestinal specialty.
The handling of biopharmaceuticals used in home-based therapy for cancer patients
Authors: Hardebol Lisa , Sikking Charlotte , Florack Marlou , Crul Mirjam 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Due to their low bioavailability, biopharmaceuticals are typically administered via injection or infusion in a hospital setting. Home-based therapy could be a valuable alternative for cancer patients. However, when exposed to stressors, such as high or low temperatures, particles can form in the biopharmaceutical solution, compromising the safety and efficacy of the biopharmaceutical.

Aim
This research investigated current practises with ready-to-administer biopharmaceuticals to determine if it is possible to offer cancer patients home-based therapy with monoclonal antibodies.

Methods
First, a questionnaire was conducted with the survey tool Survalyzer among Amsterdam UMC patients receiving immunoglobulins at home. Secondly, a web-based questionnaire (Survalyzer) was sent to pharmacists throughout Europe with a home-based therapy programme in place.

Results
The patient questionnaire (n = 52) showed that the biopharmaceutical is stored outside the recommended temperature range by 38% of the patients. Additionally, 17% of the patients do not recall getting any information on how to store their biopharmaceuticals, and 23% would like more information on the subject. Furthermore, the questionnaire amongst pharmacists (n = 21) showed that there is a lack of resources and logistical challenges when home-based therapy is applied to biopharmaceuticals used in cancer therapy.

Conclusion
Home-based therapy with monoclonal antibodies for cancer patients is challenging to implement.
Sustained increases in antibiotic prescriptions per primary care consultation for upper respiratory tract infections in England during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yang Zheyuan , Bou-Antoun Sabine , Gerver Sarah , Cowling Thomas E , Freeman Rachel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
The responsible use of existing antimicrobials is essential in reducing the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR). With the introduction of restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial reduction in face-to-face appointments in general practice was observed. To understand if this shift in healthcare provision has impacted on prescribing practices, we investigated antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) consultations

Methods
We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis using patient-level primary care data to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consultations and antibiotic prescribing for URTI in England.

Results
We estimated an increase of 105.7 antibiotic items per 1000 URTI consultations (95% CI: 65.6–145.8; P &lt; 0.001) after national lockdown measures in March 2020, with increases mostly sustained to May 2022.

Conclusions
Overuse of antibiotics is known to be a driver of resistance and it is essential that efforts to reduce inappropriate prescribing continue subsequent to the COVID-19 pandemic. Further work should examine drivers of increased antibiotic prescribing for URTI to inform the development of targeted antibiotic stewardship interventions.
Effects ofAspergillus oryzaeprebiotic on animal performance, nutrients digestibility, and feeding behavior of backgrounding beef heifers fed with either a sorghum silage- or a byproducts-based diet
Authors: Podversich Federico , Tarnonsky Federico , Bollatti Juan M , Silva Gleise M , Schulmeister Tessa M , Martinez Juan J Vargas , Heredia Daniella , Ipharraguerre Ignacio R , Bargo Fernando , Gonella-Diaza Angela , Dubeux Jose C B , Ferraretto Luiz F , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEighty-four Angus crossbred heifers (13 ± 1 mo of age, 329.5 ± 61.92 kg of body weight [BW]) were used in a generalized randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors evaluated were: 1) diet type (whole plant sorghum silage [SS] vs. byproducts-based [BP]), and 2) feed additive: Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic (AOP; 2 g/d) vs. Negative control (CTL; 0 g/d), resulting in four treatments: sorghum silage-control (SC), sorghum silage-AOP (SA), byproducts-control (BC), and byproducts-AOP (BA). Heifers were stratified by body weight (BW), randomly assigned to treatments (21 heifers per treatment) and housed in 12 pens equipped with two GrowSafe feed bunks each to measure individual dry matter intake (DMI). After a 14-d adaptation, BW was measured every 14 d for 56 d. Chewing activity was monitored through collar-mounted HR-Tags (heat-related tags). Following the performance period, apparent total tract digestibility was measured in 40 heifers, using indigestible neutral detergent fiber as a marker. Heifers fed with the BP diets had greater DMI (2.92% vs. 2.59% of BW, P &lt; 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG; 1.16 vs. 0.68 kg, P ≤ 0.01) than heifers fed with SS diets. Compared with BP-fed animals, heifers consuming the SS diets had 23 more visits/d to the feed bunks (P ≤ 0.01), consumed 53% less dry matter on each visit (P ≤ 0.01), and spent 39% more min chewing/d and 63% more min chewing/kg of DMI (P ≤ 0.01). However, chewing measured in min/kg of neutral detergent fiber intake was not affected by treatment (average 111.3 min/kg of NDF intake). Feeding AOP improved gain:feed (GF) by 15% in BP-fed heifers (0.120 vs. 0.104 kg/kg; P &lt; 0.05). Inclusion of AOP increased organic matter digestibility (OMD) in SS diets (55.88% vs. 49.83%; P &lt; 0.01), whereas it decreased OMD in BP diets (61.67% vs. 65.77%; P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, ADG and GF of BP-fed heifers was greater than SS-fed heifers, and GF was greater with AOP supplementation in BP-fed heifers. Improvement in GF in BP-fed heifers was likely not related to differences in nutrient digestibility as AOP inclusion did not enhance digestibility in the BP diet. Additionally, the effects of the AOP inclusion appear to be diet-dependent, where the 15% improvement in GF by AOP occurred in heifers fed with the more fermentable diet. Therefore, further research should explore the mechanisms responsible for the observed improvements in growth performance when feeding AOP to BP-fed heifers.
Gay employees on social media: Strategies to portray professionalism
Authors: Amaral Lucas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study explores how gay male employees represent themselves on social media. Research shows that online self-representations vary according to imagined audiences and platforms’ affordances, but little is known about the possible roles of work in this process. In a qualitative study based on interviews and observations in the Brazilian subsidiary of a multinational automaker, I show how employees’ assessment of compatibility between professionalism and homosexuality leads them to adopt different strategies on Facebook and Instagram, platforms where work and other spheres of their lives overlap. These behaviors are dynamic, occurring in a process I label “testing the waters”: The gay men observe visible audiences’ reactions and change their online self-representations in response to these reactions. This study shows how worried, conscious, and strategic LGBTQIA+ employees are about their use of social media, in new spaces that reproduce old workplace pressures.
Seismic profile denoising based on common-reflection-point gathers using convolution neural networks
Authors: Li Shuaishuai , Zhang Jiangjie , Cheng Qian , Zhu Feng , Liu Linong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With the development of seismic surveys and the decline of shallow petroleum resources, high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio have become more important in seismic processing. To improve the quality of seismic data, stationary-phase migration based on dip-angle gathers can be used to separate the reflected waves and noise. However, this method is very computationally intensive and heavily dependent on expert experience. Neural networks currently have powerful adaptive capabilities and great potential to replace artificial processing. Certain applications of convolution neural networks (CNNs) on stack profiles lead to a loss of amplitude information. Therefore, we have developed CNNs for noise reduction based on common-reflection-point (CRP) gathers. We used CRP gathers of stationary-phase migration as labels and CRP gathers of conventional prestack time migration as inputs. In addition, we analyzed the seismic amplitude properties and demonstrated the neural network optimization process and results. The results showed that our methods can achieve fast and reliable denoising and produce high-quality stack profiles that contain true amplitude information. Furthermore, the predicted high-quality CRP gathers can be used for further processing steps, such as normal moveout correction and amplitude variation with offset.
History of Health Policy: Explaining Complexity through Time
Authors: Keirns Carla 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
History can be a powerful tool for teaching health policy. Particularly in the United States, with its complex system of public and private payers and providers of health services, understanding the historical origins of policies, programs, and institutions makes the system’s contours legible. Historical analysis may also help health care providers to navigate this system and to advocate for changes within it. The US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) have curricular standards for students to understand specific aspects of health policy and “systems-based practice,” and historians working within the curricular structures of US medical education may find reference to these standards useful in explaining and justifying their role in preparing medical students and resident physicians for practice. This paper explores some examples of how to use history to teach health professions students about the historical development of the US health care system, the constraints that defined how it came to be, and possibilities for reform.
Allocating organs through algorithms and equitable access to transplantation—a European human rights law approach
Authors: Lebret Audrey 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Digitization in transplantation is not a new phenomenon. Algorithms are being used, for example, to allocate organs based on medical compatibility and priority criteria. However, digitization is accelerating as computer scientists and physicians increasingly develop and use machine learning (ML) models to obtain better predictions on the chances of a successful transplant. The objective of the article is to shed light on the potential threats to equitable access to organs allocated through algorithms, whether these are the consequence of political choices made upstream of digitization or of the algorithmic design, or are produced by self-learning algorithms. The article shows that achieving equitable access requires an overall vision of the algorithmic development process and that European legal norms only partially contribute to preventing harm and addressing equality in access to organs.
The association of Medicaid expansion and pediatric cancer overall survival
Authors: Barnes Justin M , Neff Corey , Han Xuesong , Kruchko Carol , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Ostrom Quinn T , Johnson Kimberly J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Medicaid eligibility expansion, though not directly applicable to children, has been associated with improved access to care in children with cancer, but associations with overall survival are unknown. Data for children ages 0 to 14 years diagnosed with cancer from 2011 to 2018 were queried from central cancer registries data covering cancer diagnoses from 40 states as part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries. Difference-in-differences analyses were used to compare changes in 2-year survival from 2011-2013 to 2015-2018 in Medicaid expansion relative to nonexpansion states. In adjusted analyses, there was a 1.50 percentage point (95% confidence interval = 0.37 to 2.64) increase in 2-year overall survival after 2014 in expansion relative to nonexpansion states, particularly for those living in the lowest county income quartile (difference-in-differences  = 5.12 percentage point, 95% confidence interval = 2.59 to 7.65). Medicaid expansion may improve cancer outcomes for children with cancer.
Signaling Resilience: A Computational Assessment of Narratives in Local Government Budgets
Authors: Greer Robert A , Moldogaziev Tima T , Scott Ryan P , Scott Tyler A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Local governments consider a wide range of policies to increase resilience in the face of myriad risks and employ a variety of tactics to communicate about these policies to external actors. An important platform to signal resilience as a policy priority is through the budget process wherein local communities decide “who gets what, when, and how.” Using computational text mining techniques, we assess how county governments in California signal efforts toward resilience in their budgets during the 2012–2017 fiscal years, as well as whether and how those signals are received by the capital market. Comparable budget documents are available for 38 counties across the state for a total of 161 county-year observations. To test the relationship between local government resilience signals and capital market outcomes, we focus on county underlying credit ratings issued by counties. Empirical results show that county underlying credit ratings are insensitive to resilience signals in local government budgets. By examining the efficacy of resilience signals and their effects on the capital market, we offer evidence on the link between policy signaling and financial outcomes at the local government level.
Molecular and cellular basis of the dose-rate-dependent adverse effects of radiation exposure in animal models. Part II: Hematopoietic system, lung and liver
Authors: Suzuki Keiji , Imaoka Tatsuhiko , Tomita Masanori , Sasatani Megumi , Doi Kazutaka , Tanaka Satoshi , Kai Michiaki , Yamada Yutaka , Kakinuma Shizuko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile epidemiological data have greatly contributed to the estimation of the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) for human populations, studies using animal models have made significant contributions to provide quantitative data with mechanistic insights. The current article aims at compiling the animal studies, specific to rodents, with reference to the dose-rate effects of cancer development. This review focuses specifically on the results that explain the biological mechanisms underlying dose-rate effects and their potential involvement in radiation-induced carcinogenic processes. Since the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept together with the key events holds promise for improving the estimation of radiation risk at low doses and low dose-rates, the review intends to scrutinize dose-rate dependency of the key events in animal models and to consider novel key events involved in the dose-rate effects, which enables identification of important underlying mechanisms for linking animal experimental and human epidemiological studies in a unified manner.
The Arches cluster revisited – IV. Observational constraints on the binary properties of very massive stars
Authors: Clark J S , Lohr M E , Najarro F , Patrick L R , Ritchie B W 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Serving as the progenitors of electromagnetic and gravitational-wave transients, massive stars have received renewed interest in recent years. However, many aspects of their birth and evolution remain opaque, particularly in the context of binary interactions. The centre of our Galaxy hosts a rich cohort of very massive stars, which appear to play a prominent role in the ecology of the region. In this paper, we investigate the binary properties of the Arches cluster, which is thought to host a large number of very massive stars. A combination of multi-epoch near-IR spectroscopy and photometry was utilized to identify binaries. 13 from 36 cluster members meet our criteria to be classed as RV variable. Combining the spectroscopic data with archival radio and X-ray observations – to detect colliding wind systems – provides a lower limit to the binary fraction of ∼43 per cent; increasing to ≳50 per cent for the O-type hypergiants and WNLha. Dynamical and evolutionary masses reveal the primaries to be uniformly massive ($\gtrsim 50\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$). Where available, orbital analysis reveals a number of short period, highly eccentric binaries, which appear to be pre-interaction systems. Such systems are X-ray luminous, with 80 per cent above an empirical bound of (Lx/Lbol) ∼ 10−7 and their orbital configurations suggest formation and evolution via a single-star channel; however, we cannot exclude a binary formation channel for a subset. Qualitative comparison to surveys of lower mass OB-type stars confirms that the trend to an extreme binary fraction (≥60 per cent) extends to the most massive stars currently forming in the local Universe.
Active galactic nuclei jets simulated with smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Huško Filip , Lacey Cedric G 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTSimulations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets have thus far been performed almost exclusively using grid-based codes. We present the first results from hydrodynamical tests of AGN jets, and their interaction with the intracluster medium (ICM), using smoothed particle hydrodynamics as implemented in the swift code. We launch these jets into a constant-density ICM, as well as ones with a power-law density profile. We also vary the jet power, velocity, opening angle, and numerical resolution. In all cases we find broad agreement between our jets and theoretical predictions for the lengths of the jets and the lobes they inflate, as well as the radii of the lobes. The jets first evolve ballistically, and then transition to a self-similar phase, during which the lobes expand in a self-similar fashion (keeping a constant shape). In this phase the kinetic and thermal energies in the lobes and in the shocked ICM are constant fractions of the total injected energy. In our standard simulation, two thirds of the initially injected energy is transferred to the ICM by the time the jets are turned off, mainly through a bow shock. Of that, $70{{\%}}$ is in kinetic form, indicating that the bow shock does not fully and efficiently thermalize while the jet is active. At resolutions typical of large cosmological simulations (mgas ≈ 107 M⊙), the shape of the lobes is close to self-similar predictions to an accuracy of $15{{\%}}$. This indicates that the basic physics of jet-inflated lobes can be correctly simulated even at such resolutions (≈500 particles per jet).
DSPS: Differentiable stellar population synthesis
Authors: Hearin Andrew P , Chaves-Montero Jonás , Alarcon Alex , Becker Matthew R , Benson Andrew 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Models of stellar population synthesis (SPS) are the fundamental tool that relates the physical properties of a galaxy to its spectral energy distribution (SED). In this paper, we present DSPS: a python package for SPS. All of the functionality in DSPS is implemented natively in the JAX library for automatic differentiation, and so our predictions for galaxy photometry are fully differentiable, and directly inherit the performance benefits of JAX, including portability onto GPUs. DSPS also implements several novel features, such as i) a flexible empirical model for stellar metallicity that incorporates correlations with stellar age, ii) support for the Diffstar model that provides a physically-motivated connection between the star formation history of a galaxy (SFH) and the mass assembly of its underlying dark matter halo. We detail a set of theoretical techniques for using autodiff to calculate gradients of predictions for galaxy SEDs with respect to SPS parameters that control a range of physical effects, including SFH, stellar metallicity, nebular emission, and dust attenuation. When forward modelling the colours of a synthetic galaxy population, we find that DSPS can provide a factor of 5 speed-up over standard SPS codes on a CPU, and a factor of 300-400 on a modern GPU. When coupled with gradient-based techniques for optimization and inference, DSPS makes it practical to conduct expansive likelihood analyses of simulation-based models of the galaxy–halo connection that fully forward model galaxy spectra and photometry.
Constraints on light decaying dark matter candidates from 16 yr of INTEGRAL/SPI observations
Authors: Calore F , Dekker A , Serpico P D , Siegert T 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We apply the recently developed analysis of 16 yr of INTEGRAL/SPI data including a dark matter spatial template to derive bounds on dark matter candidates lighter than weakly interacting massive particles (like sterile neutrinos or axion-like particles) decaying into line or continuum electromagnetic final state channels. The bounds obtained are the strongest to date for dark matter masses between ∼60 keV and ∼16 MeV experiencing two-body decays producing photon lines.