bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining an unknown source in a time-fractional diffusion equation based on Jacobi polynomials expansion with a modified Tiknonov regularization
Authors: Tang Hao-Dong , Zhao Zhen-Yu , Yu Kai , Gong Ben-Xue , Jia Xian-Zhen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we try to recover an unknown source in a time-fractional diffusion equation. In order to overcome the influence of boundary conditions on source conditions, we introduce the Jacobi polynomials to construct the approximation and a modified Tikhonov regularization method is proposed to deal with the illposedness. Error estimates are obtained under a discrepancy principle as the parameter choice rule. Numerical results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Intermittent circulation of simplified deep flow technique hydroponic system increases yield efficiency and allows application of systems without electricity in Haiti
Authors: Vega Isabella , Bien-Amié Dunerose , Augustin Girlo , Heiden William , Heiden Nathaniel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Many Haitians face severe food insecurity driven in part by a lack of adequate land for agriculture. Hydroponic systems can produce food without the requirement of arable land but are often prohibitively expensive and require electricity and water inputs that are impractical in most of Haiti.

Results
A deep flow technique (DFT) system named the Levo International, Inc. Victory Garden was tested with lettuce under constant and intermittent circulation. The average per-system yield of BSS from both treatments was 3631.75, 5013.75 and 2836.25 g in three experimental replicates. In replicates one and two, there were no significant differences in yield per circulation regiment. For the third replicate, we found a greater yield in constantly circulating systems. Each constantly and intermittently circulated system used 2.3814 kWh of energy for an estimated cost of $0.45 and 0.1386 kWh of energy for an estimated cost of $0.03, respectively. There was a significantly greater yield of BSS per energy input (g/kWh) in intermittently circulating systems compared to constantly circulating systems. There were no significant differences in water usage according to circulation. Electrical conductivity (E.C.) and pH were not significantly different between circulation treatment groups, except for pH in our third replicate which was significantly higher in constantly circulating systems. E.C. decreased and pH increased between the first week and last reading. The Victory Garden was tested with bell peppers under constant circulation and systems yielded an average of 3592.94 g of fruit. An adapted version of the Victory Garden was tested in Pignon, Haiti with bell peppers under manual twice-daily circulation and yielded an average of 2574.13 g and 3308.35 g in two experimental replicates.

Conclusions
Simplified DFT systems can produce both lettuce and peppers on par with field production. In this system type, we did not see a benefit to constantly circulating the nutrient solution.
Depressive symptoms and anxiety among women with a history of abortion living in urban slums of Bangladesh
Authors: Koly Kamrun Nahar , Saba Jobaida , Billah Md Arif , McGirr Alba , Sarker Tithi , Haque Mahbubul , Mustary Elvina , Hanifi S. M. Manzoor Ahmed , Begum Farzana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Globally, major emphasis has been placed on understanding the physiological consequences of losing a pregnancy. However, its mental health impact on socially disadvantaged women remains unexplored. To further inform the field the present study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with the development of depressive symptoms and anxiety among women with a history of spontaneous abortion living in the urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods
Information was obtained from 240 women who experienced a spontaneous abortion from July 2020 to December 2021. It was obtained through the urban health and demographic surveillance system (UHDSS) survey. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to measure mental health symptoms. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associated factors with the mental health outcomes.

Results
Of the 240 women, majority (77.50%) of the women experienced mild to severe depressive symptoms and more than half (58.75%) of the respondants experienced mild to severe anxiety, within one and half years of experiencing spontaneous abortion. A higher level of education and being employed were protective factors for anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. However, women with higher sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) knowledge had significantly increased anxiety and depressive symptoms. In contrast, receiving post-abortion care (PAC) was associated with decreased anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
The findings indicate that ensuring access to affordable PAC services and integrating mental health services into the standard PAC service package is crucial. This study also emphasizes the importance of providing education for women living in urban slums and encouraging them to participate in economic activities.
Characterization and the comprehensive expression analysis of tobacco valine-glutamine genes in response to trichomes development and stress tolerance
Authors: Yan Xiaoxiao , Luo Rui , Liu Xiangyang , Hou Zihang , Pei Wenyi , Zhu Wenqi , Cui Hong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractValine-glutamine genes (VQ) acted as transcription regulators and played the important roles in plant growth and development, and stress tolerance through interacting with transcription factors and other co-regulators. In this study, sixty-one VQ genes containing the FxxxVQxxTG motif were identified and updated in the Nicotiana tobacum genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that NtVQ genes were divided into seven groups and genes of each group had highly conserved exon-intron structure. Expression patterns analysis firstly showed that NtVQ genes expressed individually in different tobacco tissues including mixed-trichome (mT), glandular-trichome (gT), and nonglandular-trichome (nT), and the expression levels were also distinguishing in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), gibberellic acid (GA), ethylene (ETH), high salinity and PEG stresses. Besides, only NtVQ17 of its gene family was verified to have acquired autoactivating activity. This work will not only lead a foundation on revealing the functions of NtVQ genes in tobacco trichomes but also provided references to VQ genes related stress tolerance research in more crops.
Tabular and latent space synthetic data generation: a literature review
Authors: Fonseca Joao , Bacao Fernando 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe generation of synthetic data can be used for anonymization, regularization, oversampling, semi-supervised learning, self-supervised learning, and several other tasks. Such broad potential motivated the development of new algorithms, specialized in data generation for specific data formats and Machine Learning (ML) tasks. However, one of the most common data formats used in industrial applications, tabular data, is generally overlooked; Literature analyses are scarce, state-of-the-art methods are spread across domains or ML tasks and there is little to no distinction among the main types of mechanism underlying synthetic data generation algorithms. In this paper, we analyze tabular and latent space synthetic data generation algorithms. Specifically, we propose a unified taxonomy as an extension and generalization of previous taxonomies, review 70 generation algorithms across six ML problems, distinguish the main generation mechanisms identified into six categories, describe each type of generation mechanism, discuss metrics to evaluate the quality of synthetic data and provide recommendations for future research. We expect this study to assist researchers and practitioners identify relevant gaps in the literature and design better and more informed practices with synthetic data.
The influence of steroid type on outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Yoshihro Shodai , Taito Shunsuke , Yatabe Tomoaki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested that low-dose steroids are effective in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recent guidelines recommend the use of low-dose steroids instead of high-dose steroids. These systematic reviews were conducted based on the concept that the effect of steroids is constant regardless of their type. We discuss whether the type of steroid used influences the outcomes in patients with ARDS.

Main body
From a pharmacological standpoint, methylprednisolone has little activity as a mineralocorticoid and may cause pulmonary hypertension. The results of the rank probability of our previous network meta-analysis revealed that low-dose methylprednisolone might be an optimal treatment compared to using other types of steroids or no steroids in terms of ventilator-free days. Similarly, an analysis of individual data from four randomized controlled trials suggested that low-dose methylprednisolone was associated with decreased mortality in patients with ARDS. Dexamethasone has attracted the attention of clinicians as a novel adjunct therapy for ARDS.

Conclusion
Recent evidence has shown that low-dose methylprednisolone may be an effective treatment option for ARDS. The timing of initiation and duration of low-dose methylprednisolone therapy should be verified in future studies.
Mimicking biological synapses with a-HfSiOx-based memristor: implications for artificial intelligence and memory applications
Authors: Ismail Muhammad , Rasheed Maria , Mahata Chandreswar , Kang Myounggon , Kim Sungjun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMemristors, owing to their uncomplicated structure and resemblance to biological synapses, are predicted to see increased usage in the domain of artificial intelligence. Additionally, to augment the capacity for multilayer data storage in high-density memory applications, meticulous regulation of quantized conduction with an extremely low transition energy is required. In this work, an a-HfSiOx-based memristor was grown through atomic layer deposition (ALD) and investigated for its electrical and biological properties for use in multilevel switching memory and neuromorphic computing systems. The crystal structure and chemical distribution of the HfSiOx/TaN layers were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The Pt/a-HfSiOx/TaN memristor was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and showed analog bipolar switching behavior with high endurance stability (1000 cycles), long data retention performance (104 s), and uniform voltage distribution. Its multilevel capability was demonstrated by restricting current compliance (CC) and stopping the reset voltage. The memristor exhibited synaptic properties, such as short-term plasticity, excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), spiking-rate-dependent plasticity (SRDP), post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF). Furthermore, it demonstrated 94.6% pattern accuracy in neural network simulations. Thus, a-HfSiOx-based memristors have great potential for use in multilevel memory and neuromorphic computing systems.
Graphical Abstract
Complex evolution of the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake revealed by teleseismic body waves
Authors: Ohara Kenta , Yagi Yuji , Yamashita Shinji , Okuwaki Ryo , Hirano Shiro , Fukahata Yukitoshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe 2016 Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand, ruptured more than a dozen faults, making it difficult to prescribe a model fault for analyzing the event by inversion. To model this earthquake from teleseismic records, we used a potency density tensor inversion, which projects multiple fault slips onto a single model fault plane, reducing the non-uniqueness due to the uncertainty in selecting the faults’ orientations. The resulting distribution of potency-rate density tensors is consistent with observed surface ruptures. In its initial stage, the rupture propagated northeastward primarily at shallow depths. Later, the rupture propagated northeastward at greater depths beneath a gap in reported surface ruptures. The main rupture phase started in the northeastern part of the Kekerengu fault after 50 s and propagated bilaterally to the northeast and southwest. The non-double-couple component grew to a large fraction of the source elements as the rupture went through the junction of the Jordan Thrust and the Papatea fault, which suggests that the rupture branched into both faults as it back-propagated toward the southwest. The potency density tensor inversion sheds new light on the irregular evolution of this earthquake, which produced a fault rupture pattern of unprecedented complexity. Our source model of the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake (e.g., back-rupture propagation) could prompt research to determine a more realistic model with segmented faults using near-field data.
Successful surgical treatment of omphalocele with umbilical evagination of the bladder: an extremely rare presentation of neonatal case
Authors: Kobayashi Haruka , Baba Tokuro , Kuda Masaaki , Ieiri Satoshi , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
A few cases of small omphalocele with umbilical evagination of the bladder have been reported. However, its embryology is yet to be elucidated. Only a few reports have indicated the existence of urachal anomalies and umbilical cysts related to bladder evagination. The incidence of urachal anomalies at birth is reported to be 1 in 5000–8000 live birth, and urachal aplasia is rare. Herein, we report a rare, novel case of urachal aplasia.

Case presentation
We encountered a small omphalocele with bladder evagination associated with urachal aplasia for which the neonate underwent surgery one day after birth. The patient was a one-day-old boy with a prenatally diagnosed omphalocele. A fetal magnetic resonance image (MRI) scan (25 weeks of gestation) revealed a 30 × 33 mm (approximately 1.3 in.) cystic lesion which was suspected to be an umbilical cyst. The baby was born vaginally at 38 weeks, weighing 2956 g. An omphalocele (hernial orifice diameter, 4 cm × 3 cm) with bladder prolapse was recognized. After sac excision, the prolapsed bladder was resected and closed with two-layer sutures. In order to secure sufficient bladder capacity, we estimated the minimum residual volume as 21 ml after bladder plasty. The remaining bladder capacity was confirmed to be 30 ml by injecting a contrast dye and saline into the bladder. The neonate had no associated cardiac urogenital or skeletal anomalies. Postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was regularly followed up for two years after surgery and underwent umbilicoplasty. He had no trouble with urinary function.

Conclusion
In this case, we experienced extremely rare condition of a small omphalocele with bladder evagination associated with urachal aplasia and reviewed 7 case reports of anomalies similar to those in the present case. Umbilical cord cysts may be an informative indicator of these symptoms in utero. Therefore, ultrasonography scans should be conducted until delivery, despite the spontaneous disappearance of cord cysts.
Physiotherapy Rehabilitation Post Patellar Dislocation (PRePPeD)—protocol for an external pilot randomised controlled trial and qualitative study comparing supervised versus self-managed rehabilitation for people after acute patellar dislocation
Authors: Forde Colin , Costa Matthew L. , Cook Jonathan A. , Tutton Elizabeth , Appelbe Duncan , Franssen Marloes , Barker Rupert , Keene David J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatellar dislocations mainly affect adolescents and young adults. After this injury, patients are usually referred to physiotherapy for exercise-based rehabilitation. Currently, limited high-quality evidence exists to guide rehabilitation practice and treatment outcomes vary. A full-scale trial comparing different rehabilitation approaches would provide high-quality evidence to inform rehabilitation practice. Whether this full-scale trial is feasible is uncertain: the only previous trial that compared exercise-based programmes in this patient population had high loss to follow-up. This study aims to assess the feasibility of conducting a future full-scale trial comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of two different rehabilitation approaches for people with an acute patellar dislocation.MethodsTwo-arm parallel external pilot randomised controlled trial and qualitative study. We aim to recruit at least 50 participants aged ≥ 14 years with an acute first-time or recurrent patellar dislocation from at least three English National Health Service hospitals. Participants will be randomised 1:1 to supervised rehabilitation (four to six, one-to-one, physiotherapy sessions of advice and prescription of tailored progressive home exercise over a maximum of 6 months) or self-managed rehabilitation (one physiotherapy session of self-management advice, exercise, and provision of self-management materials). Pilot objectives are (1) willingness to be randomised, (2) recruitment rate, (3) retention, (4) intervention adherence, and (5) intervention and follow-up method acceptability to participants assessed through one-to-one semi-structured interviews (maximum 20 participants). Follow-up data will be collected 3, 6, and 9 months after randomisation. Quantitative pilot and clinical outcomes will be numerically summarised, with 95% confidence intervals generated for the pilot outcomes using Wilson’s and exact Poisson methods as appropriate.DiscussionThis study will assess the feasibility of conducting a full-scale trial comparing supervised versus self-managed rehabilitation for people after acute first-time or recurrent patellar dislocation. This full-scale trial’s results would provide high-quality evidence to guide rehabilitation provision for patients with this injury.Trial registrationISRCTN registryISRCTN14235231. Registered on 09 August 2022.
Contributing factors of delay in seeking treatment for childhood diarrheal diseases in Berbere Woreda, Ethiopia: an unmatched case–control study
Authors: Bekele Mebratu , Urgessa Megersso , Kumsa Kebede , Sinba Edao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
A major cause of diarrheal illness mortality is a failure to seek immediate medical assistance. There is currently no evidence on the reasons that induce caregivers in Berbere Woreda to delayed seeking timely treatment for under-five children with diarrheal illnesses. As a result, the goal of this study was to identify determinants of delay in seeking timely treatment for childhood diarrheal diseases in Berbere Woreda, Bale Zone Oromia Region, South Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
An unmatched case–control study on 418 child caregivers was conducted from April to May 2021. Cases were 209 children and their caregivers who sought treatment after 24 h of the onset of diarrheal disease symptoms, and controls were 209 children and their mothers/caregivers who sought treatment within 24 h of the onset of diarrheal disease symptoms. Data were collected through interviews and chart reviews using consecutive sampling. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out, with variables with a P-value of 0.05 considered statistically significant. The Hosmer–Lemshow goodness of fit test was used to validate the model, and the variance inflation factor (VIF) was used to test for multi-collinearity.

Results
In this study, we found that among 418 participants, determinants of delay in seeking timely treatment for childhood diarrheal diseases included mothers with more than two under-five children (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.21–4.11), Divorce (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.087–2.76), age of children < 24 months (AOR = 1.597, 95%,CI (1.008–2.531), and preference for a government health facility for treatment (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.51–4.34). Besides, the odds of mothers aged 25–34 years being two times more likely to delay seeking timely treatment for 5 children with diarrhea were 1.537 (0.560–4.213).

Conclusions
Age of children, age of mothers, number of children, preference of health facilities, and marital status were factors influencing the failure to seek treatment within 24 h of recognizing diarrhea in children under the age of five.
Endovascular treatment of distal middle cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm with intracerebral hemorrhage in a paediatric patient: a case report and literature review
Authors: Alam Mohammad Shahnawaz , Jha Vikas Chandra , Sinha Vivek Sharan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Intracranial arterial aneurysms in the paediatric age group constitute less than 5% of all aneurysms. The most common form is spontaneous dissecting aneurysms (SDAs) (Peron et al. in Acta Neurochir 152(9):1511–1517, 2010; Huang et al. in Surg Neurol 63(5):424–432, 2005; Krishna et al. in Acta Neurochir 147(5):469–476, 2005; Ihn and Jung in J Korean Soc Radiol 65(5):441–445, 2011). It occurs most commonly in the posterior circulation and rarely in the anterior circulation, including the middle cerebral artery (MCA) (Chuang et al. in Asian J Surg 35(1):42–48, 2012; Ozaki et al. in World Neurosurg 113:208–211, 2018). MCA dissecting aneurysm even rarely presents with intracerebral haemorrhage (Ete et al. in J Case Rep 3(2):451–454, 2013; Ahmad in Interdiscip Neurosurg 18:100510, 2019; Bartoš et al. in Brain Sci 11(1):29, 2020).

Case description
A 12 years old non-diabetic, non-hypertensive female presented with distal right MCA (M2-M3 junction) dissecting aneurysm with right parieto-temporal haemorrhage. The patient was well managed with endovascular coil embolization with a good functional outcome.

Conclusion
Endovascular coil embolization had favourable clinical and angiographic outcomes in distal MCA dissecting aneurysms.
Vision transformer architecture and applications in digital health: a tutorial and survey
Authors: Al-hammuri Khalid , Gebali Fayez , Kanan Awos , Chelvan Ilamparithi Thirumarai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe vision transformer (ViT) is a state-of-the-art architecture for image recognition tasks that plays an important role in digital health applications. Medical images account for 90% of the data in digital medicine applications. This article discusses the core foundations of the ViT architecture and its digital health applications. These applications include image segmentation, classification, detection, prediction, reconstruction, synthesis, and telehealth such as report generation and security. This article also presents a roadmap for implementing the ViT in digital health systems and discusses its limitations and challenges.