bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy and spirit: Extraction, thermodynamics, and change
Authors: Crockett Clayton 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article suggests new ways to think about energy and thermodynamics beyond an extractive, fossil‐fuel model. The predominant economic model of the modern world has been driven by the extraction and exploitation of fossil fuels—first coal and then oil. These are powerful forces, although their development is more complicated than we might suspect. At the same time, they influence the new science of thermodynamics, which is tied to heat and heat engines that are fueled by carbon‐based inputs extracted from the earth. By attending to the work of Nicolas Georgescu‐Roegen, however, we can see how energy and thermodynamics can be linked to a different economic model that is not primarily extractive. And this opens up to new perspectives on energy and change, including one that views energy more explicitly in terms of spirit. We can think about energy as something that avoids the dichotomy of matter and spirit in a way such that it participates in both.
Fatigue damage evolution and failure of pre‐corroded aluminum alloy 7075‐T651 under air and corrosion environments
Authors: Song Haipeng , Jiang Sheng , Sun Lishun , Zhang Hao , Leen Sean B. , Du Juan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents characterization for fatigue failure analysis of precorroded AA7075‐T651 under air and exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) environments, with respect to damage accumulation, macrocrack and microcrack behavior via 3D digital image correlation (DIC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). It is shown that that corrosion pits induce fatigue cracking with different nucleation times, and locations. It is furthermore shown that while the corrosive environment accelerates crack formation, it significantly hinders fatigue crack propagation at low stress amplitudes due to crack closure and tip passivation. Five dominant fatigue microcrack initiation types (pit bottom, corrosion tunnel, corrosion micropit, corrosion jut‐in, and chapped feature) and relevant mechanisms were identified, related to corrosion pit macro–micro morphology, material microdefect, local material grain structure, and loading condition.
Effects of cropland reclamation on soil organic carbon in China's black soil region over the past 35 years
Authors: Wang Xiang , Li Sijia , Wang Liping , Zheng Miao , Wang Zongming , Song Kaishan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe long‐term use of cropland and cropland reclamation from natural ecosystems led to soil degradation. This study investigated the effect of the long‐term use of cropland and cropland reclamation from natural ecosystems on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and density over the past 35 years. Altogether, 2140 topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were collected across Northeast China. Landsat images were acquired from 1985 to 2020 through Google Earth Engine, and the reflectance of each soil sample was extracted from the Landsat image that its time was consistent with sampling. The hybrid model that included two individual SOC prediction models for two clustering regions was built for accurate estimation after k‐means clustering. The probability hybrid model, a combination between the hybrid model and classification probabilities of pixels, was introduced to enhance the accuracy of SOC mapping. Cropland reclamation results were extracted from the land cover time‐series dataset at a 5‐year interval. Our study indicated that: (1) Long‐term use of cropland led to a 3.07 g kg−1and 6.71 Mg C ha−1decrease in SOC content and density, respectively, and the decrease of SOC stock was 0.32 Pg over the past 35 years; (2) nearly 64% of cropland had a negative change in terms of SOC content from 1985 to 2020; (3) cropland reclamation track changed from high to low SOC content, and almost no cropland was reclaimed on the “Black soils” after 2005; (4) cropland reclamation from wetlands resulted in the highest decrease, and reclamation period of years 31–35 decreased when SOC density and SOC stock were 16.05 Mg C ha−1and 0.005 Pg, respectively, while reclamation period of years 26–30 from forest witnessed SOC density and stock decreases of 8.33 Mg C ha−1and 0.01 Pg, respectively. Our research results provide a reference for SOC change in the black soil region of Northeast China and can attract more attention to the area of the protection of “Black soils” and natural ecosystems.
Preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast over a 24‐year period
Authors: Lee Andrew H S , Toss Michael S , James Jonathan J , Hodi Zsolt , Ellis Ian O , Rakha Emad A 
Published: June 2023

AimsThe method of diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has changed since the 1980s. The aim of this audit was to assess changes in the preoperative diagnosis of DCIS since the introduction of needle core biopsy, particularly the proportion with a preoperative biopsy diagnosis of DCIS.Methods and resultsThe preoperative diagnoses of patients with a final diagnosis of DCIS in the surgical specimen were reviewed (i) in 809 patients who presented through breast screening from 1997 to 2021, and (ii) in all patients in 5 individual years at 5‐year intervals from 2000 to 2020 (254 in total). For screening‐detected DCIS the proportion with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS increased from 75% to 98% over the study period. In a detailed analysis of all cases of DCIS in 5 separate years the proportion with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS increased from 68% in 2000 to 96% in 2020. For high‐grade DCIS the proportion increased from 87% to 97%, and for low‐ or intermediate‐grade DCIS from 48% to 93%. The proportion of women who had vacuum‐assisted biopsy increased from 7% in 2000 to 58% in 2015. There was a small increase in the number of biopsies that had basal cytokeratin and oestrogen receptor immunohistochemistry to aid diagnosis.ConclusionThere has been an increase in the preoperative diagnosis of DCIS, particularly of low‐ or intermediate‐grade, over the last two decades. The increasing use of vacuum‐assisted biopsy is likely to be a major contributory factor to this increase.
Nano eggshell‐based slurry as a direct pulp‐capping material: In vitro characterization and histopathological assessment in an experimental animal model
Authors: Nabil Sulyiman Shaimaa , El‐Rashidy Aiah A. , El Moshy Sara , Abbas Marwa M. S. , Waly Gihan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimPulp vitality is essential for tooth integrity. Following pulp exposure, choosing a suitable pulp‐capping material is crucial to maintain pulp vitality. However, the reparative dentine bridge created by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is generally porous and incomplete. The aim of the current study is to assess the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of nano eggshell‐based slurry (NES), using NES as a direct pulp‐capping material, compared with Ca(OH)2 in rabbit animal model.MethodologyNano eggshell powder (NE) was characterized for particle morphology, chemical composition and ion release. In vitro bioactivity was tested by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. For histopathological evaluation, 36 adult New Zealand rabbits (72 pulp exposures) were divided into nine groups (n = 8) according to the pulp‐capping material (NES, Ca(OH)2 and no capping as negative control group) and the animals were sacrificed after 7, 14 or 28 days. The pulps of the two lower central incisors were exposed and then directly capped by Ca(OH)2 or NES or left untreated. The cavities were then sealed with glass ionomer cement. Teeth were collected for histopathological evaluation using an optical microscope. Pulp haemorrhage, inflammation, fibrosis and calcific bridge formation were assessed. Results were statistically analysed using anova and Tukey's tests.ResultsNano eggshell particles were spherical with a 20 nm diameter and were composed mainly of calcite. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant increase in the release of all investigated ions between days 1 and 28, except for copper. NES group showed a significantly higher release of all elements as compared to Ca(OH)2. Environmental scanning electron microscope micrographs of NES incubated for 7 days in SBF showed the formation of HAp with a Ca/P ratio (1.686). For histopathological evaluation, the difference between groups was statistically significant. At day 28, 75% of the pulps of the Ca(OH)2 group showed mild calcific bridge in comparison with 100% moderate calcific bridge in the NES group. The NES group showed significantly less inflammation at days 7 and 28, and higher fibrosis at day 7 compared with Ca(OH)2.ConclusionsNano eggshell‐based slurry represents a promising novel direct pulp‐capping material with favourable pulp tissue response.
Effect of micro/nano La2O3 addition on the sintering and properties of mullite synthesized
Authors: Gao Xiong , Zhang Deng , Feng Xueru , Zhang Jiamin , Peng Yuqing , Pan Zhicheng , Dai Zongming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work is to prepare interlocking prismatic mullite from low‐cost associated rare‐earth kaolin. High‐performance mullite was synthesized by reaction sintering using calcined associated rare‐earth kaolin and α‐Al2O3 as raw materials and micro‐ and nano‐La2O3 as additives. The mineralogical, morphological, and chemical characteristics of calcined associated rare earth kaolin were analyzed, and the effects of the addition of micro‐ and nano‐La2O3 and sintering temperature on the phase transformation, sintering process, microstructure, and mechanical properties of mullite were studied. The results show that the associated rare earth elements Ce, Th, and Y in calcined kaolin are mainly light rare earth elements, which are mainly endowed in the interlayer structure of K‐bearing clay minerals. The addition of La2O3 can promote the growth of secondary mullite grains and accelerate the secondary mullitization process. The relative densities of mullite samples adding 4 wt.% micro/nano La2O3 and sintered at 1500°C for 4 h were 92.72% and 93.4%, and the micro Vickers hardnesses were 11.32 and 12.35 GPa, respectively. The mullite sample with 2 wt.% nano‐La2O3 had the most interlaced prismatic grains, resulting in the highest flexural strength of 157.8 MPa.
Phase composition, crystal structure, and microwave dielectric properties of LiIn1‐xAlxO2 ceramics
Authors: Chen Junqi , Wang Zhaohui , Qing Peili , Chen Jinwu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA series of LiIn1‐xAlxO2 (x =0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) microwave dielectric ceramics with low permittivity were synthesized via a solid‐state reaction method. XRD, Raman spectra, and SEM analysis reveal that a single LiInO2 tetragonal structure phase could be obtained at the x < 0.10, and with the x increased further to 0.15–0.25, the diffraction peaks of the secondary phase LiAlO2 were detected. In the LiIn1‐xAlxO2 ceramics, the τf was closely related to the εr, and the relative density, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties were effectively improved by the Al3+ substitution for In3+. Bond valence theory analysis demonstrates that the Al3+ entered the In3+ site exhibits a strength rattling effect, which is beneficial to the increase of εr. While Al3+ substitution for In3+ simultaneously lowers the average ionic polarizability, resulting in a decrease in εr. A near‐zero τf (0.74 ppm/°C) combined with εr approximately 12.83, Q × f = 58 200 GHz, was obtained in LiIn0.85Al0.15O2 ceramic sintered at 970°C.
Exploring online customer experience: A systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Kacprzak Agnieszka , Hensel Przemysław 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis review aims to examine the latest research on online customer experience (OCE), which can be defined as consumer's cognitive, emotional, and behavioral response to interactions between customer and company occurring through digital channels (e.g., websites, social media, mobile apps). To achieve this, we utilized a hybrid review approach that incorporates quantitative bibliometric analysis and qualitative systematic literature review techniques. We identified publication trends, prominent authors and outlets, and the evolution of research themes based on 141 articles published since the last systematic review 11 years ago. Our framework‐based review identified frequently studied antecedents, dimensions, and outcomes of OCE, and identified new themes related to m‐commerce and augmented/virtual reality. We also identified gaps in the current literature and proposed 14 areas of future research using the TCM framework.
Experiences of transition to adulthood and transfer to adult care in young adults with type 1 diabetes: A qualitative study
Authors: Olsson Sara , Otten Julia , Blusi Madeleine , Lundberg Elena , Hörnsten Åsa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo explore young adults' experiences of living with type 1 diabetes in the transition to adulthood, including experiences of the transfer from paediatric to adult care.DesignA qualitative approach was used.MethodTen young adults, six women and four men, aged 19–29 years, participated. Participants were recruited at their regular diabetes clinic from spring 2021 to spring 2022. Semi‐structured interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsDreaming of being nurtured towards self‐reliance was the overarching theme. Personal experiences of the transition to adulthood, including the transfer from paediatric to adult care, were described in terms of struggling to find balance in daily life, dealing with feelings of being different, being gradually supported to achieve independence, and wishing to be approached as a unique person in healthcare.ConclusionIn healthcare, it is important to emphasize not only diabetes‐related factors but also emotional and psychosocial aspects of life connected to the transition to adulthood, including the transfer to adult care. The young adults wished to be seen as unique persons in healthcare during their emerging adulthood and should therefore be supported to achieve self‐reliance through personal preparations for new challenges and for the consequences of transitioning to adulthood. Specialist nurses can provide appropriate knowledge and leadership.Implications for the ProfessionThese findings can guide nurse specialists in support for emerging adults to achieve self‐reliance and indicate the importance of person‐centred care when experiencing transition and transfer.Reporting MethodThe study adhered to EQUATOR guidelines, and the COREQ checklist for qualitative studies was used as the reporting method.
The effect of psycho‐education given to mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on mother‐child interaction and family functionality
Authors: Öztürk Fatma Özgün , Ekinci Mine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProblemOne of the most prevalent psychiatric conditions in children is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Regular psycho‐education for people with chronic illnesses and their families is beneficial for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. This study aimed to determine the effect of psycho‐education given to mothers of children with ADHD on mother‐child interaction and family functionality.MethodsThe sample of the study consisted of 98 mothers and children (50 participants for the intervention group and 48 participants for the control group). Mothers in the intervention group were given psycho‐education. Pre and post‐tests were completed by mothers.FindingsPost‐test mean scores in terms of warmth/affection, hostility/aggression, indifference/neglect, and control subscales of the Parental Acceptance‐Red/Control Scale were statistically significantly lower among the intervention group. Post‐test mean scores in terms of communication, showing interest, and the behavior control subscales of the family assessment device were statistically significantly lower in the intervention group.ConclusionsFor families dealing with a child with ADHD, psychoeducation increased mother‐child interaction and family functioning Therefore, psychoeducation should be widespread in the treatment of ADHD. When ADHD causes problems with mother‐child contact, maternal psychoeducation may be helpful.
Co‐occurrence of heterogeneous Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates within the same Chilean farm and during the same infectious outbreak
Authors: Ilardi Pedro , Valdes Sara , Rivera Javier , Irgang Rute , Avendaño‐Herrera Ruben 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFlavobacterium psychrophilum is a pathogenic bacterium affecting Chilean salmonid farms. High antigenic and genetic diversity exists among Chilean F. psychrophilum isolates, but the distribution thereof among farms is poorly understood. These epidemiological data are key for developing isolate‐specific vaccines. The present study isolated F. psychrophilum in diseased Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from five freshwater farms between 2018 and 2019. Each farm only raised one salmonid species and was geographically separated from and did not share culturing water with the other farms. Antigenic and genetic analyses were conducted to shed light on the possibility of isolates coexisting within the same farm during outbreaks. A total of 68 Chilean F. psychrophilum isolates were recovered from skin lesions, gills, fins, kidney and spleen of moribund and live fish. Among the 68 Chilean isolates, mPCR‐serotyping indicated three major serotypes (i.e. 23.5% type 0; 47.1% type 2; and 26.5% type 4) and, to a lesser degree, serotype 1 (2.9%). Sixteen antigenic groups were detected by slide agglutination. Genetic characterizations by 16S rRNA alleles identified 71% of the isolates as the virulent genogroup CSF259‐93 allele. A predominant serotype was associated with each farm, with types 0 and 4 related to Atlantic salmon and types 1 and 2 to rainbow trout. Notwithstanding, several antigenic groups coexisted within some farms. Likewise, the experimental intramuscular challenges (n = 20) demonstrated that the type‐2 isolates from rainbow trout were the most pathogenic among isolates recovered from infectious outbreaks in Atlantic salmon, especially as compared to those from types‐0 and ‐4. These results allow us to suggest that prevention measures, specifically vaccines, should be developed according to dominant isolates and with specificity to each farm, that is the use of autogenous or site‐specific vaccines.
Biomarkers for predicting disease course in Sanfilippo syndrome: An urgent unmet need in childhood‐onset dementia
Authors: Winner Leanne K. , Rogers Mary‐Louise , Snel Marten F. , Hemsley Kim M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSanfilippo syndrome (MPS III) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder causing dementia in children, following an essentially normal early developmental period. First symptoms typically include delayed language development, hyperactivity and/or insomnia from 2 years of age, followed by unremitting and overt loss of previously acquired skills. There are no approved treatments, and the median age of death is 18 years. Treatments under clinical trial demonstrate therapeutic benefit when applied pre‐symptomatically in children diagnosed early through known familial inheritance risk. Newborn screening for Sanfilippo syndrome would enable pre‐symptomatic diagnosis and optimal therapeutic benefit, however, many fold more patients with Sanfilippo syndrome are expected to be identified in the population than present with childhood dementia. Therefore, the capacity to stratify which Sanfilippo infants will need treatment in toddlerhood is necessary. While diagnostic methods have been developed, and continue to be refined, currently there are no tools or laboratory‐based biomarkers available to provide pre‐symptomatic prognosis. There is also a lack of progression and neurocognitive response‐to‐treatment biomarkers; disease stage and rate of progression are currently determined by age at symptom onset, loss of cerebral grey matter volume by magnetic resonance imaging and developmental quotient score for age. Robust blood‐based biomarkers are an urgent unmet need. In this review, we discuss the development of biomarker assays for Sanfilippo based on the neuropathological pathways known to change leading into symptom onset and progression, and their performance as biomarkers in other neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that neural‐derived exosomes extracted from blood may provide an ideal liquid biopsy to detect reductions in synaptic protein availability, and mitochondrial function. Furthermore, given the prominent role of neuroinflammation in symptom expression, glial fibrillary acidic protein detection in plasma/serum, alongside measurement of active brain atrophy by neurofilament light chain, warrant increased investigation for prognostic, progression and neurocognitive response‐to‐treatment biomarker potential in Sanfilippo syndrome and potentially other childhood dementias.image
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on hormones and menstrual cycle regularization in polycystic ovary syndrome women: A systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Yixian , Cao Qi , Qiao Xinyu , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disease among women of childbearing age. Women with PCOS frequently experience reproductive complications, which are closely associated with the concentration of vitamin D. This systemic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to elucidate the possible effect of vitamin D supplementation in PCOS women on hormones, including Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), the ratio of LH and FSH (LH/FSH), and the menstrual cycle regularization.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for the relevant articles published up to January 2022. The pooled estimates were calculated using RevMan 5.4 software.ResultsTwelve studies involving 849 PCOS patients were included. Our study indicated that vitamin D supplementation could reduce serum LH (standard mean difference [SMD]: −0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.54, −0.28; p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis identified that the supplementation of vitamin D ≤4000 IU/day (SMD: −0.69; 95% CI: −1.15, −0.23; p < 0.01), treatment time ≤8 weeks (SMD: −0.61; 95% CI: −0.95, −0.26; p < 0.01), and vitamin D co‐supplementation (SMD: −0.37; 95% CI: −0.65, −0.10; p < 0.01) were related to reduce serum LH level. In addition, vitamin D supplementation improved the regularity of menstrual cycle significantly (risk ratio [RR]: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.54; p < 0.01). In stratified analysis, the significant effects only existed in dosage of vitamin D >4000 IU (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.57; p < 0.01), treatment time >8 weeks (RR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.87; p = 0.02) and vitamin D co‐supplementation (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.35; p = 0.02). However, vitamin D might have no effects on serum FSH (SMD: −0.05; 95% CI: −0.42, 0.32; p = 0.79) and LH/FSH (SMD: −0.24; 95% CI: −0.55, 0.08; p = 0.14) in PCOS patients.ConclusionsEvidence from the existing randomized controlled trials indicated that vitamin D supplementation might improve the LH level and the menstrual cycle regularization but did not have any effect on FSH and LH/FSH levels in PCOS patients.