bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forty years of research into crassulacean acid metabolism in the genus Clusia: anatomy, ecophysiology and evolution
Authors: Luján Manuel , Leverett Alistair , Winter Klaus 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Clusia is the only genus containing dicotyledonous trees with a capacity to perform crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Since the discovery of CAM in Clusia 40 years ago, several studies have highlighted the extraordinary plasticity and diversity of life forms, morphology and photosynthetic physiology of this genus. In this review, we revisit aspects of CAM photosynthesis in Clusia and hypothesize about the timing, the environmental conditions and potential anatomical characteristics that led to the evolution of CAM in the group. We discuss the role of physiological plasticity in influencing species distribution and ecological amplitude in the group. We also explore patterns of allometry of leaf anatomical traits and their correlations with CAM activity. Finally, we identify opportunities for further research on CAM in Clusia, such as the role of elevated nocturnal accumulation of citric acid, and gene expression in C3–CAM intermediate phenotypes.
A robust fusion-extraction procedure with summary statistics in the presence of biased sources
Authors: Wang Ruoyu , Wang Qihua , Miao Wang 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Information from multiple data sources is increasingly available. However, some data sources may produce biased estimates due to biased sampling, data corruption or model misspecification. Thus there is a need for robust data combination methods that can be used with biased sources. In this paper, a robust data fusion-extraction method is proposed. Unlike existing methods, the proposed method can be applied in the important case where researchers have no knowledge of which data sources are unbiased. The proposed estimator is easy to compute and employs only summary statistics; hence it can be applied in many different fields, such as meta-analysis, Mendelian randomization and distributed systems. The proposed estimator is consistent, even if many data sources are biased, and is asymptotically equivalent to the oracle estimator that uses only unbiased data. Asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is also established. In contrast to existing meta-analysis methods, the theoretical properties are guaranteed for our estimator, even if the number of data sources and the dimension of the parameter diverge as the sample size increases. Furthermore, the proposed method provides consistent selection for unbiased data sources with probability approaching 1. Simulation studies demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method empirically. The method is applied to a meta-analysis dataset to evaluate surgical treatment for moderate periodontal disease and to a Mendelian randomization dataset to study the risk factors for head and neck cancer.
Design and implementation of China Hydrogen Price Index system
Authors: Liu Wei , Wan Yanming , Zhang Yan , Liu Qi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrogen will be an important part of China’s energy system in the future and an important carrier for energy-using terminals to realize green and low-carbon transformation. It is important to establish a nationwide hydrogen market to promote the healthy and orderly development of the hydrogen industry chain. The core is to form a complete hydrogen price mechanism and play a decisive role in the process of resource allocation by the market. In this paper, we have developed the framework of the ‘China Hydrogen Price Index’ system by establishing the ‘Assessment + Collection’ model, which covers four types of hydrogen: hydrogen, clean hydrogen, renewable hydrogen and high-purity hydrogen. The model considers the raw materials required for hydrogen production, fixed equipment, engineering construction costs and carbon prices, and conducts sensitivity analysis on the trends and influencing factors of national and regional hydrogen prices of multiple categories since 2018. The results show that, with respect to the level of hydrogen prices, fossil-energy-rich and renewable-energy-rich areas have more advantages than other regions. The price of raw materials is the main factor of the hydrogen price change, and the utilization hours of renewable energy and hydrogen production equipment have a key influence on the price of renewable hydrogen. Next, by establishing an index update mechanism, improving the standard system and building a trading platform, we can further exert the role of price signals and continue to promote the efficient and smooth expansion of the domestic hydrogen market.
Functional connectivity between pre-supplementary motor area and inferior parietal lobule associated with impaired motor response inhibition in first-degree relatives of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Tomiyama Hirofumi , Murayama Keitaro , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Tomita Mayumi , Kato Kenta , Matsuo Akira , Ohno Aikana , Kang Mingi , Togao Osamu , Ishigami Kousei , Nakao Tomohiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that specific fronto-striatal circuits are associated with impaired motor response inhibition in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and their relatives. However, no study has investigated the underlying resting-state network associated with motor response inhibition in the unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with OCD. We measured motor response inhibition using stop-signal task, and obtained resting-state fMRI in 23 first-degree relatives and 52 healthy control participants. We explored the group differences in the functional network from seed regions-of-interest (ROIs) associated with motor response inhibition abilities. We used the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) as seed-ROIs. A significant group difference was observed in functional connectivity between the pre-SMA and inferior parietal lobule. In the relative group, reduced functional connectivity between these areas was associated with a longer stop-signal reaction time. Additionally, relatives showed significantly greater functional connectivity between the IFG and SMA, precentral, and postcentral areas. Our results could provide new insights into the resting-state neural activity of the pre-SMA underlying impaired motor response inhibition of unaffected first-degree relatives. In addition, our results suggested that relatives have an altered connectivity of the sensorimotor region, similar to that of patients with OCD shown in previous literature.
Left atrial appendage amputation concomitant with cardiac surgery in patients with sinus rhythm
Authors: Gerçek Mustafa , Börgermann Jochen , Gerçek Muhammed , Gummert Jan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Since recent data demonstrated the benefit of the amputation of the left atrial appendage (LAA) in patients with atrial fibrillation, the long-term impact of LAA amputation on stroke rate and mortality in patients with no history of atrial fibrillation is still unknown.

METHODS
Patients with no history of atrial fibrillation who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting by the off-pump technique between 2014 and 2016 were examined retrospectively. Cohorts were divided by the concomitant execution of LAA amputation, and propensity score matching was applied by baseline characteristics. The stroke rate in a 5-year follow-up served as the primary end point. Secondary end points were the mortality rate and rehospitalization in the same time span.

RESULTS
A total of 1,522 patients were enrolled, of whom 1,267 and 255 were included in the control group and in the LAA amputation group, respectively. These were matched to 243 patients in each group. In total, patients with an LAA amputation showed a significantly lower rate of stroke in a 5-year follow-up [7.0% vs 2.9%, hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval (0.17; 0.98), p = 0.045]. However, there was no difference in all-cause mortality (P = 0.23) or rehospitalizations (P = 0.68). Subgroup analysis revealed LAA amputation in patients with a CHA2DS2VASc [congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 (doubled), diabetes, stroke (doubled), vascular disease, age 65 to 74 and sex category (female)] score of ≥3 to be associated with a reduction of stroke [9.4% vs 3.1%, hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval [0.12; 0.92], P = 0.034].

CONCLUSIONS
LAA amputation concomitant with cardiac surgery reduces the stroke rate in patients with no history of atrial fibrillation and a high CHA2DS2VASc score (≥3) in a 5-year follow-up.
The effectiveness of interventions to prevent loneliness and social isolation in the community-dwelling and old population: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Authors: Grillich Ludwig , Titscher Viktoria , Klingenstein Pauline , Kostial Eva , Emprechtinger Robert , Klerings Irma , Sommer Isolde , Nikitin Jana , Laireiter Anton-Rupert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundLoneliness and social isolation have comparable health effects to widely acknowledged and established risk factors. Although old people are particularly affected, the effectiveness of interventions to prevent and/or mitigate social isolation and loneliness in the community-dwelling older adults is unclear. The aim of this review of reviews was to pool the findings of systematic reviews (SRs) addressing the question of effectiveness.MethodsOvid MEDLINE®, Health Evidence, Epistemonikos and Global Health (EBSCO) were searched from January 2017 to November 2021. Two reviewers independently assessed each SR in two consecutive steps based on previously defined eligibility criteria and appraised the methodological quality using a measurement tool to assess SRs 2, AMSTAR 2. One author extracted data from both SRs and eligible studies; another checked this. We conducted meta-analyses to pool the study results. We report the results of the random-effects and common-effect models.ResultsWe identified five SRs containing a total of 30 eligible studies, 16 with a low or moderate risk of bias. Our random-effects meta-analysis indicates an overall SMD effect of 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.10 to 1.36] for loneliness and was unable to detect an overall effect of the interventions on social support [SMD: 0.00; 95% CI: −0.11 to 0.12].DiscussionThe results show interventions can potentially reduce loneliness in the non-institutionalized, community-dwelling and older population living at home. As confidence in the evidence is low, rigorous evaluation is recommended.RegistrationInternational Prospective Register of SRs (PROSPERO): Registration number: CRD42021255625
An improved assembly of the pearl millet reference genome using Oxford Nanopore long reads and optical mapping
Authors: Salson Marine , Orjuela Julie , Mariac Cédric , Zekraouï Leïla , Couderc Marie , Arribat Sandrine , Rodde Nathalie , Faye Adama , Kane Ndjido A , Tranchant-Dubreuil Christine , Vigouroux Yves , Berthouly-Salazar Cécile 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) R. Br. syn. Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone) is an important crop in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa which contributes to ensuring food security. Its genome has an estimated size of 1.76 Gb and displays a high level of repetitiveness above 80%. A first assembly was previously obtained for the Tift 23D2B1-P1-P5 cultivar genotype using short-read sequencing technologies. This assembly is, however, incomplete and fragmented with around 200 Mb unplaced on chromosomes. We report here an improved quality assembly of the pearl millet Tift 23D2B1-P1-P5 cultivar genotype obtained with an approach combining Oxford Nanopore long reads and Bionano Genomics optical maps. This strategy allowed us to add around 200 Mb at the chromosome-level assembly. Moreover, we strongly improved continuity in the order of the contigs and scaffolds within the chromosomes, particularly in the centromeric regions. Notably, we added more than 100 Mb around the centromeric region on chromosome 7. This new assembly also displayed a higher gene completeness with a complete BUSCO score of 98.4% using the Poales database. This more complete and higher quality assembly of the Tift 23D2B1-P1-P5 genotype now available to the community will help in the development of research on the role of structural variants and more broadly in genomics studies and the breeding of pearl millet.
Genomics, Population Divergence, and Historical Demography of the World's Largest and Endangered Butterfly, The Queen Alexandra's Birdwing
Authors: Reboud Eliette L , Nabholz Benoit , Chevalier Emmanuelle , Tilak Marie-ka , Bito Darren , Condamine Fabien L 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe world's largest butterfly is the microendemic Papua New Guinean Ornithoptera alexandrae. Despite years of conservation efforts to protect its habitat and breed this up-to-28-cm butterfly, this species still figures as endangered in the IUCN Red List and is only known from two allopatric populations occupying a total of only ∼140 km². Here we aim at assembling reference genomes for this species to investigate its genomic diversity, historical demography and determine whether the population is structured, which could provide guidance for conservation programs attempting to (inter)breed the two populations. Using a combination of long and short DNA reads and RNA sequencing, we assembled six reference genomes of the tribe Troidini, with four annotated genomes of O. alexandrae and two genomes of related species Ornithoptera priamus and Troides oblongomaculatus. We estimated the genomic diversity of the three species, and we proposed scenarios for the historical population demography using two polymorphism-based methods taking into account the characteristics of low-polymorphic invertebrates. Indeed, chromosome-scale assemblies reveal very low levels of nuclear heterozygosity across Troidini, which appears to be exceptionally low for O. alexandrae (lower than 0.01%). Demographic analyses demonstrate low and steadily declining Ne throughout O. alexandrae history, with a divergence into two distinct populations about 10,000 years ago. These results suggest that O. alexandrae distribution has been microendemic for a long time. It should also make local conservation programs aware of the genomic divergence of the two populations, which should not be ignored if any attempt is made to cross the two populations.
The Kaiser’s Silver: German Nationalism and the 1913 Nationalspende for Christian Mission
Authors: Best Jeremy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In 1913, in honour of the kaiser’s silver jubilee, a group of secular colonial advocates organized a national fundraising campaign to raise money for Germany’s missionary societies. The nationalist motivations of this campaign ran counter to the theological and ideological self-conception of the missionaries, especially the leadership of Germany’s Protestant missions. Despite the ambivalence of the campaign’s declared beneficiaries, the Nationalspende zum Kaisersjubiläum für die christlichen Missionen in den deutschen Kolonien und Schutzgebieten proved to be a definitive success. Organizers mobilized national sentiment and generated a significant infusion of resources into Germany’s mission movement. The Nationalspende’s ulterior motive, drawing the internationalist and independent missions into a secular, nationalist colonial program, was also successful. In the aftermath of the Nationalspende, Germany’s formerly anti-nationalist Protestant mission movement came under new leadership, which began linking the missions more closely to Germany’s secular colonial movement. This article traces the history of the Nationalspende and places it in the context of competition between secular and religious impulses (and their organizational advocates) within Germany’s colonial movement before the First World War.
The Changing Significance of Nationality for the Protection of Civilians in the Hands of a Party to an International Armed Conflict
Authors: Landefeld Sarina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Fourth Geneva Convention provides the main protection regime for civilians in the hands of a party to an international armed conflict. Yet its application is limited to non-nationals, and conditional upon states’ belligerent and legal relations. This article historicises and problematises the so-called nationality requirement for the treatment and protection of civilians. The significance of nationality for international humanitarian law has changed considerably since the late nineteenth century. The complex delineation of civilian protected persons under the Fourth Geneva Convention was, therefore, not inevitable. The article challenges the common perception of the treaty as a humanitarian achievement designed to safeguard innocent and vulnerable civilians. This detailed study of nationality provides insights into the changing perception of civilians as war victims and the role of international humanitarian law in protecting them.
Does Diagnostic Certainty Matter?: Pain-Related Stigma in Adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Wakefield Emily O , Belamkar Vaishali , Sandoval Ashley , Puhl Rebecca M , Edelheit Barbara , Zempsky William T , Rodrigues Hannah A , Litt Mark D 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesChildhood chronic pain conditions are common and vulnerable to stigma. Adolescents with chronic primary pain experience diagnostic uncertainty and describe pain-related stigma experiences across multiple social contexts. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a childhood autoimmune, inflammatory condition with associated chronic pain, but with well-defined diagnostic criteria. The current study examined pain-related stigma experiences in adolescents with JIA.MethodsFour focus groups of 3–7 adolescents with JIA (N = 16), ages 12–17 (Mage = 15.42, SD = 1.82), and parents (N = 13) were conducted to examine experiences of, and reaction to, pain-related stigma. Patients were recruited from an outpatient pediatric rheumatology clinic. Focus group length ranged from 28 to 99 minutes long. Two coders used directed content analysis resulting in 82.17% inter-rater level of agreement.ResultsAdolescents with JIA described pain-related stigma experiences predominantly from school teachers and peers, and less from medical providers (e.g., school nurses), and family members after a diagnosis. The primary categories that emerged were (1) Felt Stigma, (2) Internalized Stigma, (3) Anticipatory Stigma/Concealment, and (4) Contributions to Pain-Related Stigma. A common experience of pain-related stigma was the perception by others that the adolescent was too young to have arthritis.ConclusionsIn common with adolescents with unexplained chronic pain, our findings indicate that adolescents with JIA experience pain-related stigma in certain social contexts. Diagnostic certainty may contribute to greater support among medical providers and within families. Future research should investigate the impact of pain-related stigma across childhood pain conditions.
Ezetimibe alleviates acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats: targeting the Akt/NF-κB/STAT3/CXCL10 signaling axis
Authors: Mostafa Rasha E , Abdel-Rahman Rehab F 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing inflammatory health state posing significant worldwide problems. Ezetimibe is a cholesterol-lowering drug having anti-inflammatory and pleiotropic properties.

Methods
Twenty-four rats were classified into four groups (n = 6). Group (I) was considered negative control. Acetic acid (AA) was instilled intrarectally in groups (II–IV). Group (II) was considered UC-control. Groups (III and IV) were orally treated with Ezetimibe (5 and 10 mg/kg/day; 14 days).

Key finding
AA installation resulted in severe macroscopic colonic lesions associated with elevations in the relative colon weight, the wet weight/length ratio and oxidative stress markers in the colorectum tissues. UC-control rats showed significantly elevated colorectal tissue CXCL10 and STAT3 gene expression. Akt, phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated STAT3, TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κB were expressively upregulated in the UC-control group. AA installation also resulted in significant histopathological alterations in the colorectum tissues of UC-control rats along with increasing the colorectal tissues’ immunohistochemical iNOS expression. Collectively, these data suggest activation of the Akt/NF-κB/STAT3/CXCL10 signaling axis. Ezetimibe treatment significantly ameliorated all the aforementioned parameters.

Conclusion
This is the first study to elucidate the modulatory actions of Ezetimibe against oxidative stress and inflammation associated with AA-induced UC in rats. Ezetimibe treatment mitigates UC via downregulation of the Akt/NF-κB/STAT3/CXCL10 signaling axis.
Mental health of diplomatic personnel: scoping review
Authors: Brooks S K , Patel D , Greenberg N 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Diplomatic personnel frequently relocate as part of their roles, requiring them to adapt to various cultural and political conditions; many are also at risk of experiencing trauma from being deployed to high-threat postings. With diplomatic personnel having to balance the usual pressures of their work with the uncertainties of COVID-19 in recent years, it is particularly important now to understand how to protect their mental health.

Aims
To synthesize existing literature on the well-being of diplomatic personnel to improve understanding of how to protect their mental health.

Methods
A scoping review was carried out to explore what is already known about the well-being of staff working in diplomatic roles. Four databases were searched and reference lists, as well as one key journal, were hand-searched.

Results
Fifteen relevant publications were included. There was little consensus as to how the psychological well-being of diplomatic personnel compares to other populations or which factors predict well-being. Diplomats’ psychological responses to traumatic experiences appeared similar to those of other trauma-exposed occupational groups.

Conclusions
Further research is needed to better understand the well-being of diplomatic personnel, particularly those not deployed to high-threat posts.
Inspect: a decision helping tool for in-situ probe selection in D&D activities
Authors: Aspe Frédéric , Houzelot Amaury , Amgarou Khalil , Idoeta Raquel , Herranz Margarita 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the context of the INSIDER European project, the suitability of existing methodologies for in-situ measurements under constraint environments in nuclear facilities following a decommissioning and dismantling (D&D) process was analysed. Firstly, an analysis of the different methodologies for in-situ measurements was made along with a study of the different types of constrained environments that could appear in the D&D process as well as their expected level of impact on the measurement methodologies. Based on this analysis, a decision-helping tool for the selection of the suitable in-situ equipment/detector to be used in nuclear facilities for the different phases in any D&D process has been developed, depending on the constrained environment. This tool is named INSPECT, acronym for In-Situ Probe SelECtion Tool. The software is therefore potentially of use to those working in radiological characterization with in-situ instrumentation in any radiological or nuclear D&D process.