bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid against Methotrexate on Testicular Damage in Rats
Authors: ARMAĞAN İlkay , BAYRAM Dilek , CANDAN İbrahim Aydın , ARMAĞAN Hamit Hakan , ÖZGÖÇMEN Meltem , VAREL Ahmetcan 
Published: March 2023

Aim: The toxic effects of methotrexate, a chemotherapeutic, on the testicles is an important side effect. Methotrexate impairs spermatogenesis and fertility and causes oligospermia. In this study, we aimed to minimize the testicular toxicity, those being the side effects of methotrexate, by using the probable protective effects of α-lipoic acid, a potent antioxidant.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats that we employed in this research were separated into three groups as control (0.09% PS) (n=8), methotrexate (20 mg/kg) (n= 10), and methotrexate (20 mg/kg) + α-lipoic acid (100 mg/kg) (n= 10). We performed a histochemical analysis on the testicular tissue of rats using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis using inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) primer ab.
Results: The histochemical evaluation revealed a significant decrease in the methotrexate-induced testicular toxicity in the α-lipoic acid-treated groups. On the other hand, TNF-α and iNOS immunostaining results were also observed to support these results.
Conclusion: The treatment use of α-lipoic acid succeeded in protecting against methotrexate-induced testicular damage through an α-lipoic acid-mediated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. α-lipoic acid can be used in combination with methotrexate as a protector against side effects during anticancer therapy. In the present study, it was shown that α-lipoic acid can be used in combination with methotrexate as a protector against side effects during anticancer treatment.
Posture Analysis and Presence of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Lower Extremity Edema
Authors: TURHAL Cemal , SOYUPEK Feray , BAYKAL Tuba 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and Aim: Chronic lower extremity edema has been associated with postural impairment, sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD), and abnormal gait. Lymphedema and lipedema are important chronic lower extremity causes. This study aimed to detect the presence of SIJD and postural disorders in patients with lower extremity edema and the relationship between them.
Methods: This is a comparative, prospective cohort study. Fifty-three patients with lower extremity edema and 53 healthy subjects were included in the study. Pain provocation tests were used to determine SIJD. Postural analysis was conducted with PostureScreen® Mobile 11.2 (PostureCo, Inc., Trinity, FL) software. The life quality of participants was determined by the Lymphedema Quality of Life (LYMQOL) scale. The functional status of the patients was determined by the Oswestry Disability Index and Lower Extremity Functional Scale.
Results: SIJD (18.9%) was more common in the edema group. There was a positive correlation between volume differences, percentages, and the development of SIJD. We found deviations in the head, shoulder, and hip angulations in the edema group. Q angle and lateral shoulder angulation were significantly higher in patients with SIJD in the edema group. In the edema group, LYMQOL-leg total score was higher in patients with SIJD.
Conclusion: Chronic lower extremity edema was found to be associated with postural deviations and SIJD. Besides edema control, postural disorders and SIJD should also be considered in these patients.
Is there a relation between sleep apnea, tinnitus, and hearing Loss?
Authors: YURTSEVER KUM Nurcan , ALLUŞOĞLU Serpil , ÇETİN Mehmet Ali , SAZAK KUNDİ Fatma Cemre , YAĞMUR Ali Rıza , ÇOLAK Mustafa , İKİNCİOĞULLARI Aykut , ÖZCAN Prof.dr. Kürşat Murat , DERE Haci Hüseyin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic hypoxia may lead to auditory dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and this dysfunction may worsen OSA, creating a vicious circle. The aim of this study was to investigate tinnitus and hearing loss in OSA patients.
Methods
A total of 147 patients were included in the study. After polysomnography (PSG), the patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 were included in OSA group, and the ones with an AHI
Changing trends in cesarean section deliveries in a tertiary hospital using the Robson Ten Group Classification
Authors: BUHUR Ali , ERDEM Dilek 
Published: March 2023

Objective: This study aimed to identify and highlight the changing trends in cesarean deliveries in a tertiary hospital using the Robson Ten Group Classification
Method: A retrospective cohort study included 103745 patients admitted to Istanbul Kanuni Training and Research Hospital's Obstetrics and Gynecology Department between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021. Ten groups were established based on five basic obstetric factors: parity, labor initiation, gestational age, number of fetuses, and fetal presentation. All live or dead births over 500 g or 20 gestational weeks were included in the study. Women with missing file information were excluded from the study. Total number of cesarean sections in the group, total number of women in each group, group size (%), group cesarean rate (%), absolute group contribution to general cesarean section rate (%) group contribution relative to general cesarean section rate (%) were calculated. Cesarean section indications were evaluated in 10 categories and their numbers and rates were recorded. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 24.0 for Windows.
Results: Our study’s average CS rate from 2012 to 2021 was 45.77%. The largest contributions to the total cesarean section rate were in group 5 (20.69%), group 3 (5.99%), and group 1 (5.75%).
Conclusion: In our study, Robson groups 5, 3, and 1 comprised the majority of contributors to the total cesarean section performed. Any effort to reduce the rate of CS should focus on these subgroups.
Автономные стратегии компенсаторного формирования иноязычной лексической компетенции у студентов технических вузов
Authors: Артеменко О.А. , Журавлева И.В. , Максимова Г.А. 
Published: March 2023

Рассмотрены отдельные аспекты формирования иноязычной лексической компетенции в техническом вузе. Выделены: объем словарных единиц иностранного языка, необходимый для понимания аутентичных и продуцирования собственных устных и письменных текстов; пути преодоления неравномерности школьной подготовки студентов по иностранному языку в целях повышения уровня их лексической компетенции. Представлены педагогические предпосылки и перспективы использования автономных стратегий компенсаторного усвоения иноязычной лексики, даются определения данного понятия и их классификация. Подчеркивается целесообразность изучения психологических основ мнемотехнических приемов и стратегий, а также внедрения методов, стимулирующих обучающихся их использовать. Приводятся возможные схемы временных интервалов повторения лексических единиц для предотвращения их забывания.
Some aspects of foreign language lexical competence formation in a technical university are considered. There are singled out: the volume of vocabulary units of a foreign language, necessary for understanding authentic and producing one’s own oral and written texts; ways to overcome the uneven school training of students in a foreign language in order to increase the level of their lexical competence. Pedagogical prerequisites and prospects for the use of autonomous strategies for the compensatory assimilation of foreign vocabulary are presented, defi nitions of this concept and their classifi cation are given. The expediency of studying the psychological foundations of mnemonic techniques and strategies, as well as the introduction of methods that encourage students to use them, is emphasized. Possible schemes of time intervals for the lexical units repetition are given to prevent their forgetting.
El caso del niño de Dabeiba, una aproximación a las prácticas funerarias del noroccidente de Suramérica en tiempos prehispánicos desde la perspectiva tafonómica
Authors: Cadena Duarte Bibiana Andrea , Pulgarín Montoya Eliana 
Published: March 2023

Los contextos funerarios del noroccidente de Suramérica suelen tener restos humanos con un alto grado de deterioro y perturbación, lo cual ha representado un desafío en el aprovechamiento de estos como fuente de información del pasado. Dadas estas circunstancias, este trabajo quiere exponer las virtudes de la perspectiva tafonómica en el abordaje de contextos funerarios complejos y en el análisis de restos óseos, por lo que se toma como referente el caso de un túmulo funerario excavado recientemente en la cordillera occidental colombiana en el municipio de Dabeiba. Por medio del reconocimiento del proceso de formación del sitio y de los procesos tafonómicos a los que estuvieron sujetos los restos humanos de un infante, se obtuvo información empírica que ayudó a establecer parte de los tratamientos que dieron las poblaciones prehispánicas a sus muertos y de los eventos posteriores a la inhumación relacionados con el saqueo de la tumba, lo que permitió responder al reto que representa el abordaje de estos contextos complejos. Es así como se propone este abordaje como una forma de resaltar el gran potencial de los restos humanos antiguos como una fuente de información que contribuye a la reconstrucción del pasado prehispánico de esta región.
Risk Factors for a Failed Transmetatarsal Amputation in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Ron Itay , Kyin Cynthia , Peskin Bezalel , Ghrayeb Nabil , Norman Doron , Ben-Kiki Tal , Shapira Jacob 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Transmetatarsal amputation (TMA) is a well-recognized limb-salvage procedure, often indicated for the treatment of diabetic foot infections. Currently, there is no widespread agreement in the literature with regard to the factors associated with failure of TMA. This study aimed to define risk factors for the failure of TMA, defined as below-the-knee or above-the-knee amputation, in patients with diabetes.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included 341 patients who underwent primary TMA. Patients who had a revision to a higher level (the failed TMA group) were compared with those who did not have failure of the initial amputation (the successful TMA group).

Results:
This study showed a higher frequency of renal impairment, defined as a high creatinine level and/or a previous kidney transplant or need for dialysis, in the failed TMA group (p = 0.002 for both). Furthermore, a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) threshold value of 7.5 was identified as the optimal predictive value for failure of TMA (p = 0.002), and patients with a CCI of >7.5 had a median time of 1.13 months until the initial amputation failed.

Conclusions:
TMA is associated with a high risk of revision. CCI may be used as a preoperative selection criterion, as 71.8% of patients with a CCI of >7.5 had failure of the TMA.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Modeling Fault Reactivation Triggered by Fluid Injection
Authors: Tran David , Shrivastava Vijay , Nghiem Long 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With increased focus on CO2 storage, hydraulic fracturing, and steam injection operations in recent years, understanding of fluid induced seismicity has drawn a lot of attention amongst researchers and practicing engineers. Reactivation of existing dormant faults due to injection operations can lead to flow through or along the fault from the reservoir to undesirable zones. It poses a serious challenge that requires careful study so that measures could be taken to avoid such occurrence.
In this paper, a method is presented where geomechanical response is used to compute the slip tendency when the stress changes in a reservoir due to fluid injection. The slip tendency is considered as the main variable to determine whether the fault is reactivated or not. It is computed based on the effective stress normal to the fault surface, and the tangential stress. When the effective stress on a fault surface is reduced due to the increase of pore pressure in grid-blocks adjacent to the fault, it can potentially make the slip tendency exceed the critical limit. In such a case, the transmissibility of grid-blocks on both sides of the fault are increased to allow the fluid to flow into the fault and subsequently along the fault. When the fluid leaks from the reservoir to another zone through the fault, the effective stress on grid-blocks adjacent to the fault increases as the pore pressures in those grid-blocks decrease. This will in turn reduce the slip tendency. Therefore, the transmissibility in this case will also decrease to a value smaller than the one when the fault reactivated.
The algorithm allows the fault to be reactivated or deactivated to cope with the pressure change in the reservoir. The slip displacement at the fault is also estimated. The method is implemented in a multidimensional, multiphase flow simulator to demonstrate the advantages of using geomechanics for predicting fault reactivation, which can lead to leakage of fluids from the reservoir to other zones or to the surface. Three examples, two synthetic and one field, are presented to illustrate application of the procedure.
The proposed method of fault reactivation modeling is suitable for implementing in any fluid flow simulator with geomechanics capability. It is intended for studying and designing of safe injection strategies that avoid undesirable fault reactivation.
An Adaptive Grid Refinement Method for Flow-Based Embedded Discrete Fracture Models
Authors: Li Junchao , Tang Huiying , Zhang Yongbin , Li Xin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Projection-based embedded discrete fracture models (pEDFMs) are proven effective for modeling flow barrier effects of high-conductivity or impermeable fractures. However, local grid refinements are still needed to improve the accuracy of simulation in flow areas near fractures. In recent years, adaptive grid refinement techniques have received a lot of attention for dealing with highly heterogeneous and fractured models. But few of them are capable of EDFMs. In this paper, an adaptive grid refinement method under flow-based EDFMs (fEDFMs) is proposed for fractured models. The method starts from an fEDFM model which is built by a new technique of transmissibility modification by introducing an artificial pseudo-steady flow near fractures. Adaptive grid refinement and coarsening procedures are designed under an adaptive criterion based on both the fracture distribution and flow solutions. A flow-based upscaling procedure is adopted to form transmissibilities of the hybrid grids and the solution is mapped from the former grid system. The adaptive grid refinement method is applied in a validation case and a real field case, respectively. In each case, comparisons are made between the simulation results of the proposed adaptive grid refinement models and traditional uniform pEDFMs. Besides, comparisons are also made with the overall fine-scale models which serve as the reference models. The comparisons show that the numerical results of the proposed models have a better match to that of the reference models. And it is proven that the approach is more robust when applied to more general flow scenarios with extremely high or completely sealed fractures which could have a great impact on the flow. The proposed method aims to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation for fractured reservoirs.
Use of Clustering Techniques for Automated Lumping of Components in Compositional Models
Authors: Cancelliere Michel A. , Saint Antonin J. Andino 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Compositional simulation run times grow significantly as we increase the number of components used to characterize our fluid (SPE 69575). Therefore, having usable and practical models requires that we minimize the number of components without sacrificing prediction accuracy. In this paper we validate a novel approach that automates the compositional lumping as a part of the simulator pre-processing and allows quick evaluation of the impact on results and run-times of reducing the number of components in actual simulation runs.
Different clustering techniques such as K-means or Agglomerative are applied on five different compositions from the literature which typically would require compositional modelling (gas condensate to volatile oil). The performance of these lumped compositions obtained from clustering are compared with an exhaustive brute-search lumping and the original full composition. These comparisons are made by simulating classical CCE & DLE or CVD lab experiments. The results are quantitatively assessed for proximity to the full composition simulation. With the techniques already validated, a preprocessor is developed that allows the user to input a full composition and set the number of components to be used for the run. These heuristic clustering techniques provide excellent results with minimal time. Although brute-force search may occasionally deliver marginally better outcomes, it does so at immense computational costs and any advantage vanishes after regression.
To the best of our knowledge, advanced clustering techniques have not previously been applied to the problem of lumping as the industry has relied mostly on theoretical or empirical arguments to prescribe the lumping approach, to be carried out manually, with the occasional study on brute force search (SPE-170912). An additional novelty is to automate compositional lumping in the simulator preprocessor, allowing for accelerated validation of the lumping approach under the expected reservoir conditions. The speed and flexibility of the approach makes it an excellent practical option to test and scale the number of components used in compositional models.
Consistent Discretization Methods for Reservoir Simulation on Cut-Cell Grids
Authors: Alpak Faruk O. , Jammoul Mohamad , Wheeler Mary F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Discretization methods have been developed to accompany a novel cut-cell gridding technique for reservoir simulation that preserves the orthogonality characteristic in the lateral direction. A major drawback of the cut-cell gridding method is that polyhedral cells emerge near faults that have relatively small volumes. Pragmatic but non-rigorous approximation methods have been developed in the past to merge these cells with their neighbors so that the grid representation fits the two-point flux approximation (TPFA) framework. In this work, we take a different approach and investigate the global and local applications of select consistent discretization methods in the vicinity of fault representations on cut-cell grids.
We develop and test consistent discretization methods that are of low computational cost and do not require major intrusive changes to the solver structure of commercial reservoir simulators. Cell-centered methods such as multi-point flux approximation (MPFA), average multi-point flux approximation (AvgMPFA), and nonlinear two-point flux approximation (NTPFA) methods fit naturally into the framework of existing industrial-grade simulators. Therefore, we develop and test variants of the AvgMPFA and NTPFA methods that are specifically designed to operate on cut-cell grids. An implementation of the well-established but computationally expensive MPFA method is also made for cut-cell grids to serve as a reference to computations with AvgMPFA and NTPFA. All investigated methods are implemented within the framework of a full-physics 3D research simulator with a general compositional formulation, which encompasses black-oil models.
We use a set of synthetic cut-cell grid models of varying complexity including conceptual models and a field-scale model. We compare the novel cut-cell adapted AvgMPFA and NTPFA simulation results in terms of accuracy and computational performance against the ones computed with reference MPFA and TPFA methods. We observe that AvgMPFA consistently yields more accurate and computationally efficient simulations than NTPFA on cut-cell grids. Moreover, AvgMPFA hybrids run faster than NTPFA hybrids when compared on the same problem for the same hybridization strategy. On the other hand, the computational performance of AvgMPFA degrades more rapidly compared to NTPFA with increasing "rings" of orthogonal blocks around cut-cells owing to its relatively wider stencil. Auspiciously, only one or two "rings" of orthogonal blocks around cut cells are sufficient with AvgMPFA to deliver high accuracy.
Two-Step Upscaling of Sub-Seismic Geo-Heterogeneity with Flow-Rate-And Direction Dependent Saturation Functions
Authors: Youssef AbdAllah A. , Shao Qi , Matthäi Stephan K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Saturation distributions that ensue when supercritical CO2 is injected into heterogeneous porous sedimentary rocks depend on the local balance between viscous, gravitational, and capillary forces. This balance varies among different constituent rock types, and there is mounting evidence that this variation needs to be accounted for when modelling relative permeability and capillary pressure between capillary (CL) and viscous limit (VL) two-phase flow. Here we present field data-based numeric-simulation research upscaling such novel rate-dependent, directional functions to the permeability REV of the sedimentary rock to determine the injection behaviour of the fluvio-deltaic Parraatte formation at the CO2CRC's Otway International Test Centre, Australia. The flow of CO2-water along a high-resolution (0.05 m 1 m) vertical cross-section between two wells, spaced 640 meters apart is simulated and upscaled in two stages. The passage of the saturation front through the studied cross-section is analyzed for different line-drive rates, and dynamic drainage relative permeability curves are measured in REV scale sampling windows placed at different locations on the cross section. This analysis delivers full tensor-type dynamic relative permeability curves also accounting for buoyancy-driven flow. These REV scale functions are the macroscopic expression of unstable displacement, and heterogeneity-induced fingering of the CO2 phase, diminishing sweep and promoting early breakthrough at average saturations of 5-15%. The practical importance and workflow implications of these rate-dependent, tensorial saturation functions are explored.