bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis by aetiologies in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of- hospital cardiac arrest: a retrospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Takiguchi Toru , Tominaga Naoki , Hamaguchi Takuro , Seki Tomohisa , Nakata Jun , Yamamoto Takeshi , Tagami Takashi , Inoue Akihiko , Hifumi Toru , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Kuroda Yasuhiro , Yokobori Shoji 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The relative contributions of various factors to patient outcomes are essential for optimal patient selection for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, evidence of these aetiologies is limited. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the prognosis of the aetiologies of ECPR for OHCA.Methods This retrospective multicentre registry study involved 36 institutions in Japan and included adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who underwent ECPR between January 2013 and December 2018. We assessed neurological outcomes at discharge based on aetiology using the cerebral performance category (CPC) score. The primary outcome was a favourable neurological outcome (CPC 1–2) at hospital discharge. We performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine favourable neurological outcomes according to the aetiology of cardiac arrest.Results We identified 2,140 eligible patients, of whom 1,988 (92.9%) had cardiac arrest due to medical causes, and 152 (7.1%) had cardiac arrest due to non-medical causes. Most patients (1,663) were presumed to have cardiac causes. The proportion of patients with favourable neurological outcomes at hospital discharge was significantly higher in the non-medical-cause group than in the medical-cause group (26.3% vs. 14.0%, p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that accidental hypothermia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 6.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.01–11.85, p < 0.001) and pulmonary embolism (adjusted OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.14–4.85, p = 0.020) were associated with a significantly higher rate of favourable outcome than the presumed cardiac causes.Conclusions In this retrospective multicentre cohort study, accidental hypothermia and pulmonary embolism were associated with more favourable neurologic outcomes than the presumed cardiac causes. Prospective studies should be conducted to validate the findings of the present study.
Simulation and Experimental Study of Electrochemical Machining Process for Micro-pit Arrays Using a Rolling Device with a Linear Cathode and a Soft Mask
Authors: Qin Ge , Li Meng , Han Lei , Ming Pingmei , Niu Shen , Yan Liang , Zheng Xingshuai , Zhang Xinmin , Li Shiwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a novel electrochemical machining process for machining microstructure arrays on curved surfaces of parts. A set of electrolytic systems with the rolling device was constructed to machine micro-pit arrays on various metal part surfaces. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the electric field distribution characteristics and their spatial evolution over time, as well as the geometric profile evolution of the forming microstructures. Experimental tests were carried out on the surface of a 304 stainless steel workpiece using a 10% NaNO3 electrolyte and a 0.1 mm electrode gap. The effects of voltage, the rotating speed of the roller and the linear cathode size on the morphology of micro-pit arrays were explored. The results showed that micro-pit arrays could be successfully machined on the plane, outside and inside surface of the workpiece. Under the 10.5 V applied voltage and 0.2 r/min rotating speed of the workpiece, the diameter of the micro-pit was 421.55 ± 18.75 µm, the depth was 70.2 ± 4 µm, the average etch factor(EF) was 1.16, and the roughness of the micro-pit was 0.625 ± 0.205 µm. This work provides a promising strategy for high-precision batch machining micro-pit arrays on the plane and curved surfaces of the workpiece.
Dry Eye Disease Associated with Demodex Mite Infection: Focus on Ocular Surface Characteristics by Non-invasive Testing
Authors: Yang Yatong , Li Siyu , Chen Jiabao , Lan Qinyan , Zhang Xiangrong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The study is to evaluate the effect of demodex mite infection on the ocular surface characteristics changes of patients with dry eye disease (DED) using non-invasive instruments.
Methods: 127 patients with DED and 52 normal control subjects were enrolled in this study. All DED patients were divided into demodex negative group and demodex positive group based on the result of the demodex mite infection under microscope. Non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), ocular redness, meibomian gland secretions (MGS), morphology of palpebral margin, meibomian gland loss score (MGLS), and cornea fluorescence staining (CFS) were evaluated under oculus corneal topography and slit-lamp.
Results: The demodex positive group showed longer NIBUT (P=0.003), lower TMH(P=0.021), worse morphology of palpebral margin (P＜0.001) and worse MGS (P=0.007) than demodex negative group. The score of ocular redness in patients with DED were higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). In demodex positive group, age had a positive correlation with the degree of palpebral margin morphological damage (rs=0.332 P＜0.05) and a negative correlation with the severity of meibomian gland loss (rs=-0.345 P＜0.05).
Conclusion: A significant association between demodex mite infection and abnormal morphology of the palpebral margin, a lower meibomian gland quality, and lacrimal gland hyposecretion in patients with DED. Prompt recognition of the possible co-occurrence of demodex mite infection in patients with DED is crucial for optimal management and improved patient comfort and prognosis.
Simultaneous DHA and Organic Selenium Production by Schizochytrium sp. – a theoretical basis
Authors: Zhang Yunqiang , Liu Zikui , Xiao Gang , Shi Jiawei , Liu Baili , Xiao Ning , Sun Zhiliang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and selenium (Se) are nutrients that confer many health benefits to both humans and animals. Widespread use of DHA in milk powder and health products requires large-scale mass production via Schizochytriumsp., while Se intended for human consumption is produced as organic Se via yeast. However, producing these nutrients on an industrial scale is constrained by various factors. We found that supplementing Schizochytrium sp., with Na₂SeO₃ (0.5 mg/L) improves its biomass and DHA production and also provides organic Se. De novo assembled transcriptomeand biochemical indicators showed that Na₂SeO₃ promotes the formation of A-COA and L-cysteine via the GK and cysK pathways, resulting in the promotion of DHA synthesis through the PKS pathway. However, high doses of Na₂SeO₃ (5 mg/L) limited the biomass of Schizochytrium sp. and inhibited the DHA content. This study provided a theoretical basis for the simultaneous production of organic Se and DHA via Schizochytriumsp.
pH-responsive Targeted nanoparticles release ERK-inhibitor in the hypoxic zone Sensitizes Gemcitabine in Mutant K-Ras-addicted Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dutta Debasmita , De Archana , Ghosh Arnab , Hazra Raj Shankar , Ghosh Pratyusha , Banerjee Snigdha , Diaz Francisco J. , Upadhyay Sunil P. , Quadir Mohiuddin , Banerjee Sushanta K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Therapeutic options for managing Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the deadliest types of aggressive malignancies, are limited and disappointing. Therefore, despite suboptimal clinical effects, Gemcitabine (GEM) remains the first-line chemotherapeutic drug in the clinic for PDAC treatment. The therapeutic limitations of GEM are primarily due to poor bioavailability and the development of chemoresistance resulting from the addiction of mutant-K-RAS/AKT/ERK signaling-mediated desmoplastic barriers with a hypoxic microenvironment. Several new therapeutic approaches, including nanoparticle-assisted drug delivery, are being investigated. In this study, we designed pH-responsive nanoparticles composed of PEG-b-poly (carbonate) block copolymer encapsulated ERK inhibitor (SCH772984). Nanoparticles surface functionalized with tumor-penetrating peptide, iRGD, to target PDAC tumor tissue specifically. We used these nanoparticles to perform a combination drug treatment of GEM and ERKi. We found that the pH-responsive targeted nanocarrier efficiently released ERKi in hypoxic and low-pH environments. We also found that the free GEM, combined with nanoencapsulated ERKi, demonstrated significant synergistic outcomes in vitro and in vivo and impaired desmoplastic regulatory factors production in PDAC cells. In particular, the combination approaches significantly enhanced the GEM effect in PDAC growth inhibition and prolonged survival of the animals in the KPC mouse model.
Evaluation of the pooled sample method in Infinium Methylation EPIC Bead Chip array by comparison with individual samples
Authors: Nishitani Shota , Fujisawa Takashi X , Yao Akiko , Takiguchi Shinichiro , Tomoda Akemi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: The pooled sample method is used in epigenomic research and expression analysis and is a cost-effective screening approach. Evaluation of the pooled sample method in epigenomic studies is performed using the Illumina Infinium Methylation 450 K BeadChip array; however, subsequent reports on the updated 850 K array are lacking. A previous study demonstrated that the methylation levels obtained from individual samples were accurately replicated using pooled samples but did not address epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) statistics. The DNA quantification method, which is important for the homogeneous mixing of DNA in the pooled sample method, has since become fluorescence-based, and additional factors need to be considered including the resolution of batch effects of microarray chips and the heterogeneity of the cellular proportions from which the DNA samples are derived. In this study, four pooled samples were created from 44 individual samples, and EWAS statistics for differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) were conducted for individual samples and compared with the statistics obtained from the pooled samples.
Results: The methylation levels could be reproduced fairly well in the pooled samples. This was the case for the entire dataset and when limited to the top 100 CpG sites, consistent with a previous study using the 450 K BeadChip array. However, considering a dataset of 1,000 randomly extracted CpG sites, the statistical results of the EWAS for the DMP by individual samples were not replicated in pooled samples. Qualitative analyses highlighting methylation within an arbitrary candidate gene were replicable. Focusing on chr 20, the statistical results of EWAS for DMR from individual samples showed replicability in the pooled samples as long as they were limited to regions with a sufficient effect size.
Conclusions: The pooled sample method replicated the methylation values well and can be used for EWAS in DMR. This method is cost-effective and can be utilized for screening by carefully understanding the features for its effective points and disadvantages of the pooled sample method and combining it with candidate gene analyses.
NIR diagnostic imaging of triple-negative breast cancer and its lymph node metastasis for high-efficiency hypoxia-activated multimodal therapy
Authors: Pan Yi , Liu Longcai , He Yichen , Ye Luyi , Zhao Xin , Hu Zhiming , Mou Xiaozhou , Cai Yu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) possesses special biological behavior and clinicopathological characteristics, which is highly invasive and propensity to metastasize to lymph nodes, leading to a worse prognosis than other types of breast cancer. Thus, the development of an eﬀective therapeutic method is signiﬁcant to improve the survival rate of TNBC patients.
Results
In this work, a liposome-based theranostic nanosystem (ILA@Lip) was successfully prepared by simultaneously encapsulating IR 780 as the photosensitizer and lenvatinib as an anti-angiogenic agent, together with banoxantrone (AQ4N) molecule as the hypoxia-activated prodrug. The ILA@Lip can be applied for the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence diagnostic imaging of TNBC and its lymph node metastasis for multimodal therapy. Lenvatinib in ILA@Lip can inhibit angiogenesis by cutting oxygen supply, thereby leading to enhanced hypoxia levels. Meanwhile, large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced while IR 780 was irradiated by an 808 nm laser, which also rapidly exhausted oxygen in tumor cells to worsen tumor hypoxia. Through creating an extremely hypoxic in TNBC, the conversion of non-toxic AQ4N to toxic AQ4 was much more efficiency for hypoxia-activated chemotherapy. Cytotoxicity assay of ILA@Lip indicated excellent biocompatibility with normal cells and tissues, but showed high toxicity in hypoxic breast cancer cells. Also, the in vivo tumors treated by the ILA@Lip with laser irradiation were admirably suppressed in both subcutaneous tumor model and orthotopic tumor models.
Conclusion
Utilizing ILA@Lip is a profound strategy to create an extremely hypoxic tumor microenvironment for higher therapeutic efficacy of hypoxia-activated chemotherapy, which realized collective suppression of tumor growth and has promising potential for clinical translation.
The 2011 Lorca Earthquake. Study of the seismic effects recorded on the Meristemum net GPS stations
Authors: Urtiaga Ángel Cibeira , Berrocoso Manuel , Rosado Belén , Pazos Antonio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The area of the Betic Cordillera, located in Southern Spain, is an active earthquake region. On May 11 2011, a 5.1 magnitude earthquake occurred with epicenter near the town of Lorca. This seismic event was generated on the Al-hama de Murcia fault. In this paper we present the results of processing the GPS data corresponding to the time at which the event occurs, using the PPP processing strategy. We detected the event in one of the stations of the Meristemum network used in the study, despite being a low magnitude event. From the results we were able to obtain a direct value of the displacement generated by the strong ground motion, as well as an approximate value of the acceleration at the site. For a better detection of the precise instant in which the station records the arrival of the surface wave, a Wavelet filtering is applied on the obtained time series.
Minohealth.ai: A Clinical Evaluation of Deep Learning Systems for the Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion and Cardiomegaly in Ghana, Vietnam and the United States of America
Authors: Akogo Darlington , Sarkodie Benjamin Dabo , Samori Issah Abubakari , Jimah Bashiru Babatunde , Anim Dorothea Akosua , Mensah Yaw Boateng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A rapid and accurate diagnosis of medical conditions like cardiomegaly and pleural effusion is of the utmost importance to reduce mortality and medical costs. Artificial Intelligence has shown promise in diagnosing medical conditions. With this study, we seek to evaluate how well Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, developed my minoHealth AI Labs, will perform at diagnosing cardiomegaly and pleural effusion, using chest x-rays from Ghana, Vietnam and the USA, and how well AI systems will perform when compared with radiologists working in Ghana. The evaluation dataset used in this study contained 100 images randomly selected from three datasets. The Deep Learning models were further tested on a larger Ghanaian dataset containing five hundred and sixty one (561) samples. Two AI systems were then evaluated on the evaluation dataset, whilst we also gave the same chest x-ray images within the evaluation dataset to 4 radiologists, with 5–20 years experience, to diagnose independently. For cardiomegaly, minoHealth.ai systems scored Area under the Receiver operating characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.9 and 0.97 while the AUC-ROC of individual radiologists ranged from 0.77 to 0.87. For pleural effusion, the minoHealth.ai systems scored 0.97 and 0.91 whereas individual radiologists scored between 0.75 and 0.86. On both conditions, the best performing AI model outperforms the best performing radiologist by about 10%. We also evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) between the minoHealth.ai systems and radiologists.
Ramification of Covid-19 pandemic : Occurrence and Impact of Fungal Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Rawat Deepti , William Ashish , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Kandir Neelam S.S. , Sharma Akanksha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has been prevailing for more than a year associated with increased number of opportunistic invasive fungal infections in patients who have been critically ill or immunocompromised. In this retrospective study, details of various clinical specimens received from suspected patients of fungal infections were processed according to standard protocol were studied. The fungal infections were present in 64% (51/79) COVID-19 positive patients and 43% (163/381) COVID-19 negative patients) during the year 2021 during the second wave of COVID-19. Among Covid infected patients, the fungal infection mostly observed was Candidiasis (63%) followed by Aspergillosis (15% ) and Mucormycosis (6%). The maximum samples positive in Covid patients were urine samples followed by Serum (for Aspergillus Galactomannan). Among the urine and respiratory samples (BAL, Tracheal aspirate, Sputum) in Covid-19 positive patients, maximum positivity of Candida species was seen. Mucormycosis in Covid-19 positive patients was isolated in Nasal samples followed by tissue sample with Rhizopus arrhizus and Rhizopus homothallicus.There has been an increase in fungal co-infections during the COVID-19 pandemic which is a matter of great concern. Early diagnosis is essential for effective management of these patients.
Does the evolution of micromorphology accompany chromosomal changes on dysploid and polyploid levels in the Barnardia japonica complex (Hyacinthaceae)?
Authors: Kim Hyeonjin , Choi Bokyung , Lee Changyoung , Paik Jin-Hyub , Jang Chang-Gee , Weiss-Schneeweiss Hanna , Jang Tae-Soo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chromosome number and genome size changes via dysploidy and polyploidy accompany plant diversification and speciation. Such changes often impact also morphological characters. An excellent system to address the questions of how extensive and structured chromosomal changes within one species complex affect the phenotype is the monocot species complex of Barnardia japonica. This taxon contains two well established and distinct diploid cytotypes differing in base chromosome numbers (AA: x = 8, BB: x = 9) and their allopolyploid derivatives on several ploidy levels (from 3x to 6x). This extensive and structured genomic variation, however, is not mirrored by gross morphological differentiation. The current study aims to analyze the correlations between the changes of chromosome numbers and genome sizes with palynological and leaf micromorphological characters in diploids and selected allopolyploids of the B. japonica complex.
The chromosome numbers varied from 2n= 16 and 18 (2n = 25 withthe presence of supernumerary B chromosomes), and from 2n = 26 to 51 in polyploids on four different ploidy levels (3x, 4x, 5x, and 6x). Despite additive chromosomes numbers compared to diploid parental cytotypes, all polyploid cytotypes have experienced genome downsizing. Analyses of leaf micromorphological characters did not reveal any diagnostic traits that could be specifically assigned to individual cytotypes. The variation of pollen grain sizes correlated positively with ploidy levels. This study clearly demonstrates that karyotype and genome size differentiation does not have to be correlated with morphological structured differentiation of cytotypes.
The effect of aperiodic components in distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Wang Zhuyong , Liu Anyang , Yu Jianshen , Wang Pengfei , Bi Yuewei , Xue Sha , Zhang Jiajun , Guo Hongbo , Zhang Wangming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Distinguishing Alzheimer's disease (AD) from frontotemporal dementia (FTD) poses a clinical challenge, and to address this, inexpensive and accessible techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG), are increasingly being employed. However, current studies on electrophysiology have not adequately separated aperiodic activity from spectral analysis and have instead evaluated the combination of periodic oscillatory components and aperiodic components. As the understanding of aperiodic activity has evolved, its potential physiological significance in these disorders has become an area of growing interest. The objective of our study is to determine the differences in aperiodic activity between these two dementia-related diseases and to evaluate their effect in distinguishing between them.
Methods: A total of 88 participants, including 36 patients with AD, 23 patients with FTD, and 29 healthy controls (CN), were enrolled for cognitive assessment and scalp EEG acquisition. The spectrum was decomposed using a method of parameterizing neuronal power spectra, comparing group differences in different components, and a support vector machine was used to determine the effect of aperiodic parameters in the differential diagnosis.
Results: The AD and FTD groups showed varying degrees of EEG rhythm slowing compared to CN group. Theta periodic power and aperiodic parameters were higher in the AD group compared to the FTD group at the channel level. The inclusion of the aperiodic parameters led to better performance for differential diagnosis.
Conclusions: Our study indicates that aperiodic activity shows differences in patients with AD and FTD, and has the potential to distinguish between these disorders. These results underscore the physiological significance of aperiodic components in dementia-related diseases.
Reconsidering the Role of Intraoperative Frozen Section in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Mastectomy Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A 5-years retrospective review from King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.
Authors: Vongsaisuwon Mawin , Vacharathit Voranaddha , Lerttiendamrong Bhoowit , Manasnayakorn Sopark , Tantiphlachiva Kasaya , Vongwattanakit Phuphat , Treeratanapun Nattanan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims: The trend of sending sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) specimens for permanent section (PS) without intraoperative frozen sections (iFS) is increasing globally. This pilot study conducted in Thailand aimed to evaluate the role of intraoperative frozen section (iFS) in early-stage breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy with SLNB.
Methods: A 5-year retrospective study of 1773 patients from December 2017 through 2022 was conducted in a tertiary care center in Thailand. The inclusion criteria were early-stage breast cancer patients with either radiologically negative nodes, or radiographically borderline nodes found to be negative on FNA in line with the AMAROS criteriawho underwent mastectomy and SLNB. Re-operations were indicated when 3 or more nodal metastases were detected on the pathological analysis. The re-operation rate prevented by iFS and the re-operation rate needed for those with PS alone were reported.
Results: Among 265 patients, 202 patients underwent concomitant iFS while the remaining 63 patients underwent PS alone. Six patients (3.0%) from the iFS group and 1 patient (1.6%) from the PS group were found with more than 2 nodal metastases. Despite using intraoperative frozen sections, only one patient from each group required reoperation. There was no significant difference in the number of patients requiring reoperation between the iFS group and the PS group.
Conclusions: Our study provides strong evidence to all surgeons in Thailand and low-to-middle income countries (LMIC) that in early breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy, SLNB with PS analysis alone may not lower the standard of care compared to using additional iFS analysis. Adopting this practice may lead to decreased operation costs, operative time, and anesthetic side effects.