bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A landscape analysis of the key global stakeholders working on interventions around preterm birth that improve neonatal mortality and morbidity.
Authors: Moon Grainne , English Michael , Nagraj Shobhana 
Published: May 2023

Background Over a decade after the landmark ‘Born too Soon’ report, preterm birth remains a leading cause of under-five mortality. Addressing its global burden is key to meeting United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3; to end preventable deaths of newborns and children by 2030. We conducted a landscape analysis to explore the types of organisations addressing preterm birth, highlight the scope of interventions and initiatives, and identify gaps and opportunities for shared learning. Methods We combined google searches with citation searching, and opinion of experts in child health, to identify the major global stakeholders working to improve outcomes of preterm birth, with evidence of activity since 2012. We conducted a thematic analysis and narrative synthesis of key stakeholder websites to categorise their functions and priorities, and the types of interventions they were implementing. Results A total of 38 key organisations and 28 interventions were derived from the searches. Organisations were thematically grouped into knowledge sharing (n = 15), knowledge production (n = 12), funders (n = 6), legislation and advocacy (n = 15), implementer (n = 14) and network organisations (n = 11). Interventions covered a wide scope of functions including education (n = 11), research (n = 10), resources (n = 7), legislation (n = 2), and health systems (n = 2) interventions. The majority of global stakeholders were funded from and headquartered within high-income settings. Discussion There is scope for significant learning across global stakeholders, in particular to support carers in low-resource settings. Further opportunities for impact include a need for community-based initiatives and whole systems approach that address the long-term needs of preterm babies and their families, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) settings. Greater knowledge production and funding from LMICs is needed to create contextually relevant resources and address implementation challenges.
Globalized Distributionally Robust Counterpart
Authors: Liu Feng , Chen Zhi , Wang Shuming 
Published: May 2023

We extend the notion of globalized robustness to consider distributional information beyond the support of the ambiguous probability distribution. We propose the globalized distributionally robust counterpart that disallows any (respectively, allows limited) constraint violation for distributions residing (respectively, not residing) in the ambiguity set. By varying its inputs, our proposal recovers several existing perceptions of parameter uncertainty. Focusing on the type 1 Wasserstein distance, we show that the globalized distributionally robust counterpart has an insightful interpretation in terms of shadow price of globalized robustness, and it can be seamlessly integrated with many popular optimization models under uncertainty without incurring any extra computational cost. Such computational attractiveness also holds for other ambiguity sets, including the ones based on probability metric, optimal transport, ϕ-divergences, or moment conditions, as well as the event-wise ambiguity set. Numerical studies on an adaptive network lot-sizing problem demonstrate the modeling flexibility of our proposal and its emphases on globalized robustness to constraint violation. History: Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Continuous. Funding: Z. Chen was supported by [General Research Fund Grant 9043424, NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme N_CityU105/21] from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council. S. Wang was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71922020, 72171221, and 71988101, entitled “Econometric Modeling and Economic Policy Studies”] and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant UCAS-E2ET0808X2]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0274 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0274 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Solving Optimization Problems with Blackwell Approachability
Authors: Grand-Clément Julien , Kroer Christian 
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for solving convex-concave saddle-point problems using regret minimization in the repeated game framework. To do so, we introduce the Conic Blackwell Algorithm+ ([Formula: see text]), a new parameter- and scale-free regret minimizer for general convex compact sets. [Formula: see text] is based on Blackwell approachability and attains [Formula: see text] regret. We show how to efficiently instantiate [Formula: see text] for many decision sets of interest, including the simplex, [Formula: see text] norm balls, and ellipsoidal confidence regions in the simplex. Based on [Formula: see text], we introduce [Formula: see text], a new parameter-free algorithm for solving convex-concave saddle-point problems achieving a [Formula: see text] ergodic convergence rate. In our simulations, we demonstrate the wide applicability of [Formula: see text] on several standard saddle-point problems from the optimization and operations research literature, including matrix games, extensive-form games, distributionally robust logistic regression, and Markov decision processes. In each setting, [Formula: see text] achieves state-of-the-art numerical performance and outperforms classical methods, without the need for any choice of step sizes or other algorithmic parameters. Funding: J. Grand-Clément is supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant 11-LABX-0047] and by Hi! Paris. C. Kroer is supported by the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-22-1-2530] and by the National Science Foundation [Grant IIS-2147361].
Treatment planning over 50 years
Authors: Hemmings Ken 
Published: May 2023

There have been significant changes in restorative dentistry since the first publication of Dental Update 50 years ago. The changes in prosthodontics are described in this article, as are the interactions with the sister disciplines of endodontics and periodontology. Conventional crowns, bridges and dentures were the main ‘tools of the trade’ in the 1970s. Adhesive materials, dental implants and bleaching have allowed a less destructive way of repairing and replacing teeth. Dentists and patients have different attitudes to dentistry today. Technology continues to improve, and how we practice continues to evolve. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Looking back over 50 years of clinical dentistry is useful to see the changes in our day-to-day practice and see the techniques which have passed the test of time.
Black to Dental Update and beyond!
Authors: Ricketts David NJ , Banerjee Avijit , Deery Chris 
Published: May 2023

Dental caries is one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally, and while entirely preventable, it still accounts for a huge economic burden in the form of operative management, which ranges from minimally invasive techniques to extensive direct and indirect restorations, root canal treatment and ultimately extraction. In this article, we look at the marked changes in caries epidemiology, detection, diagnosis, assessment and management that has taken place in the past five decades since Dental Update was first published, and reflect on how this has had an impact on the oral health of our patients today. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Awareness of changes in caries understanding over the last five decades is of value to clinicians.
Planing, probing and pockets: progress in Perio or more of the same?
Authors: Dunn Ian 
Published: May 2023

It is all too easy to think that nothing has changed in periodontology in the past 50 years. Self-performed plaque control, avoidance of the known risk factors and professional removal of deposits above and below the gum line have been the mainstay of periodontal management for decades. However, our understanding of what we actually need to do to the root surface to facilitate periodontal healing has changed dramatically in the past 50 years and advances in surgical technique and regenerative materials have made treatment more conservative, allowing us to predictably treat periodontitis. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The changes in periodontal management during the 50 years that Dental Update has been in circulation are highlighted.
A history of posterior composite restorations as viewed through the pages of Dental Update
Authors: Burke FJ Trevor , Mackenzie Louis , Shortall Adrian CC 
Published: May 2023

Patients today are increasingly seeking tooth-coloured restorations for their posterior dentition, and with the anticipated decline in the use of amalgam as a result of the Minamata Agreement, this trend will increase. However, these are relatively recent considerations, given that the first dedicated resin composite material intended for use in posterior teeth appeared in 1986. Although macro-filled resin composite materials were available prior to 1986, they exhibited poor wear resistance. This article reviews the history of so-called ‘posterior composite’ restorations as gleaned from the pages of Dental Update, including how some of the early techniques described were subsequently proved to be erroneous, and how knowledge from research and clinical experience corrected these, so that clinicians may now place predictable, reliable, aesthetic ‘posterior composite’ restorations. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Lessons from the history of posterior composites may provide the foundation for their successful use in contemporary clinical practice.
Epidemics, pandemics and dentistry: a commentary
Authors: Samaranayake Lakshman , Fakhruddin Kausar Sadia 
Published: May 2023

There is no doubt that epidemics and pandemics have transformed dentistry beyond recognition. In this commentary we recapitulate the possible reasons for the emergence of major global epidemics and pandemics, how and why they emerge, and the successful attempts of the dental profession to mitigate infectious transmission in the clinic, which in turn has metamorphosed our profession today. We also peer into the future of dentistry through the prism of the new conceptual approach of ‘one world, one health’ recently declared by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Finally, we discuss five realms of dentistry that have been irretrievably impacted by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, viz vaccines, point of care diagnostics, teledentistry, reinforced infection control, and dental pedagogy. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Vaccines and vaccinations have become integral to societal wellbeing and the prevention of global pandemics.
High-performance circular polarization modulation using a dielectric metasurface
Authors: Hussain Shahid , Ji Ruonan , Wang Shaowei 
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate a chiral metasurface that exhibits a giant chiroptical response as well as functions as an optical diode due to geometrical asymmetry for circularly polarized light (CPL). Engineering the Mie-type multipole radiation using geometrical features led to performance values in terms of near-unity transmission and circular dichroism (CD) efficiency (about 0.96) and an extinction ratio of ∼3.8×104 for 1550 nm wavelength. A continuous stopband of 1538–1556 nm is achieved for an unchosen component of CPL while keeping the transmission efficiency of the chosen CPL component larger than 0.9. Because of the high extinction ratio and CD efficiency, the proposed metasurface has the potential for chiroptical applications including high-contrast polarization imaging, precise Stokes parameters measurement, optical diodes, and polarization detection for CPL.
Cost-benefit analysis of Intensive Care Unit with Activity-Based Costing approach in the era COVID-19 pandemic: A case study from Iran
Authors: Rahimi Hamed , Goudarzi Reza , Markazi-Moghaddam Nader , Nezami-Asl Amir , Zargar Balaye Jame Sanaz 
Published: May 2023

Background
Providing intensive care to acute patients is a vital part of health systems. However, the high cost of Intensive Care Units (ICU) has limited their development, especially in low-income countries. Due to the increasing need for intensive care and limited resources, ICU cost management is important. This study aimed to analyze the cost-benefit of ICU during COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran.

Methods
This cross-sectional study is an economic evaluation of health interventions. The study was conducted in the COVID-19 dedicated ICU, from the provider’s point of view and within one-year horizon. Costs were calculated using a top-down approach and the Activity-Based Costing technique. Benefits were extracted from the hospital’s HIS system. Benefit Cost ratio (BCR) and Net Present Value (NPV) indexes were used for cost-benefit analysis (CBA). A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the dependence of the CBA results on the uncertainties in the cost data. Analysis was performed with Excel and STATA software.

Results
The studied ICU had 43 personnel, 14 active beds, a 77% bed occupancy rate, and 3959 occupied bed days. The total costs were $2,372,125.46 USD, of which 70.3% were direct costs. The highest direct cost was related to human resources. The total net income was $1,213,314.13 USD. NPV and BCR were obtained as $-1,158,811.32 USD and 0.511 respectively.

Conclusion
Despite operating with a relatively high capacity, ICU has had high losses during the COVID-19. Proper management and re-planning in the structure of human resources is recommended due to its importance in the hospital economy, provision of resources based on needs assessment, improvement of drugs management, reduction of insurance deductions in order to reduce costs and improve ICU productivity.
Studies on Arabic Literature by Chinese Scholars: From Edge of China to the Center of Arab
Authors: Lin Fengmin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chinese scholars just began to study Arabic literature since Reform and Opening-up of China in 1979, though Arabic language began to be taught in Peking University since 1951. Chinese scholars’ studies on Arabic literature studies at that time were at the edge of studies of world literature. Articles on Arabic literature just issued on Arab World. It was still difficult for professors of Arabic literature to issue their articles at the journals such as Foreign Literature Review, Literature Abroad, Foreign Literature Studies, Foreign Literature and Contemporary Foreign Literature in 1980s. These journals preferred to issue papers on western literature and Russian literature during that period. In recent years, studies on Arabic literature developed rapidly in China. The Chinese intellectuals do not study on ancient Arabic literature only, but study on modern and contemporary Arabic literature also. They published books on Arabic literature such as On Arabian Nights: Mythology and Reality,Singing for Love: A Study on Kuwait Poetess Souad al-Sabah,Sufism in Modern Arabic Literature, Modern Arabic Literature During the Cultural Changes,Arabic Poetry in the Context of Globalization: A Study on Egyptian Poet Farouk Guweidah, and Comparative Study of Chinese and Arabic Literature. They also wrote histories of Arabic literature, for example, History of Arabic Literature, History of Modern Arabic Literature and General History of Arabic Literature are available in Chinese book market in these years. Professor Zhong Jikun won Appreciation Award of Egypt Ministry of Higher Education in 2005, won Sheikh Zayed Book Award’s Cultural Personality of the Year in 2011 and in the same year won King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Translation. These prizes and awards show us that studies on Arabic literature have moved from the edge of China to the center of Arab world.
The Arab-China Communication: From the Silk Road to the Dialogue of Philosophy
Authors: Jazza Taha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Arab-China relations go back to the second century BC. The Silk Road was the most important link that enabled the early Arabs to get to know China far from their own countries. In the modern era, a new dialogue began between the Arabs and Chinese, especially after China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative, which was the official announcement of the establishment of a new Silk Road linking China with the Arab world and the rest of the world. This was preceded by exchanged intellectual, cultural, literary and philosophical dialogues, translations and seminars between Arab and Chinese intellectuals and academics based on a new understanding of Chinese philosophies such as Daoism and Confucianism, as well as the work of Chinese Muslim translators to translate Qur’an, jurisprudential books, interpretations, poems and Islamic writings from Arabic into Chinese, which paved the way for a continuous dialogue and an ongoing and open-to-the-future encounter between the two cultures.
Bayesian inference for optimal dynamic treatment regimes in practice
Authors: Rodriguez Duque Daniel , Moodie Erica E. M. , Stephens David A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, we examine recently developed methods for Bayesian inference of optimal dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs). DTRs are a set of treatment decision rules aimed at tailoring patient care to patient-specific characteristics, thereby falling within the realm of precision medicine. In this field, researchers seek to tailor therapy with the intention of improving health outcomes; therefore, they are most interested in identifyingoptimalDTRs. Recent work has developed Bayesian methods for identifying optimal DTRs in a family indexed byψvia Bayesian dynamic marginal structural models (MSMs) (Rodriguez Duque D, Stephens DA, Moodie EEM, Klein MB. Semiparametric Bayesian inference for dynamic treatment regimes via dynamic regime marginal structural models. Biostatistics; 2022. (In Press)); we review the proposed estimation procedure and illustrate its use via the newBayesDTRRpackage. Although methods in Rodriguez Duque D, Stephens DA, Moodie EEM, Klein MB. (Semiparametric Bayesian inference for dynamic treatment regimes via dynamic regime marginal structural models. Biostatistics; 2022. (In Press)) can estimate optimal DTRs well, they may lead to biased estimators when the model for the expected outcome if everyone in a population were to follow a given treatment strategy, known as a value function, is misspecified or when a grid search for the optimum is employed. We describe recent work that uses a Gaussian process(GP)$(\mathcal{G}\mathcal{P})$prior on the value function as a means to robustly identify optimal DTRs (Rodriguez Duque D, Stephens DA, Moodie EEM. Estimation of optimal dynamic treatment regimes using Gaussian processes; 2022. Available from:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2105.12259). We demonstrate how aGP$\mathcal{G}\mathcal{P}$approach may be implemented with theBayesDTRpackage and contrast it with other value-search approaches to identifying optimal DTRs. We use data from an HIV therapeutic trial in order to illustrate a standard analysis with these methods, using both the original observed trial data and an additional simulated component to showcase a longitudinal (two-stage DTR) analysis.
Virtual touch IQ elastography in the evaluation of fetal liver and placenta in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Akdemir Yesim , Caglar Emrah , Darka Irem , Buyukuysal Mustafa Cagatay , Ozmen Ulku 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Elastography is considered a novel technique in the assessment of placenta parenchymal elasticity and very few data present the feasibility of elastography on human fetal tissue. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of fetal liver and placenta elastography and differences in pregnancies with GDM.

Methods
Fifty-five women with GDM and 40 women with uncomplicated pregnancy as the control group was enrolled prospectively in this case-control study. Fetal liver VTIQ and placenta VTIQ elastography were performed between 25 and 39 weeks of pregnancy.

Results
Mean placenta thickness at the level of umbilical cord insertion was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group (p=0.034). VTIQ elastography elasticity velocity (kPa) examinations revealed similar mean placenta and mean fetal liver stiffness in both groups. A weak to moderate correlation was observed between the mean elasticity of the placenta and the mean elasticity of the fetal liver (r=0.310; p=0.004).

Conclusions
Elastography may provide valuable information of especially on fetal tissue development and pathology. While placenta and fetal liver VTIQ elastography are feasible in pregnancy, the diagnostic value of these examinations in GDM is not certain and it seems to be that significant differences in SWE examinations that reflect structural changes in fetal tissue or placenta are more prominent in more chronic conditions such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Changes in use of 17-OHPC after the PROLONG trial: a physician survey
Authors: Futterman Itamar D. , Gilroy Laura , Zayat Nawras , Balhotra Kimen , Weedon Jeremy , Minkoff Howard 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To determine if 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHPC) or vaginal progesterone use for patients at risk for preterm birth has changed since the publication of the 17-OHPC to Prevent Recurrent Preterm Birth in Singleton Gestations (PROLONG) trial, and to assess which organizations’ (Food and Drug Administration’s [FDA], American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology’s [ACOG] or Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine’s [SMFM]) statements most influenced change.

Methods
Through a vignette-based physician survey, we sought to measure (by Likert scale) how counseling tendencies regarding 17OHPC and vaginal progesterone have changed since the PROLONG trial publication. Participants were also asked which organizations’ statements most influenced change.

Results
With response rate of 97 % (141/145), a pre-to-post PROLONG trial comparison revealed significant changes in counseling for progesterone. Respondents were less likely to recommend 17OHPC (p<0.001) and more likely to recommend vaginal (p<0.001). The FDA statement most influenced the decision not to recommend 17OHPC for the prevention of preterm birth (r=−0.23, p=0.005).

Conclusions
Providers have made significant changes in their counseling regarding progesterone use for patients at risk for preterm birth after the publication of the PRLONG trial.
A rare case of primary extragenital choriocarcinoma in the spleen presenting as acute abdominal pain
Authors: Fan Yuhong , Mou Xurong , Li Li , Yuan Hongmei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study reports a rare case of primary extragenital choriocarcinoma in the spleen presenting as acute abdominal pain. We expect this case to provide more valuable information for clinicians in the future.

Case presentation
The patient was a 22-year-old woman, with a healthy child and a history of bilateral ovarian cyst resection a week before, who presented with severe and sudden pain in the left upper abdomen. The patient was admitted to the emergency department. Emergency ultrasound revealed a huge solid mass in the enlarged spleen. Emergency computed tomography examination suggested acute splenic rupture. Microscopic examination confirmed that the mass contained nested syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells, and the serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) level was 54,547.6 IU/L (normal β-hCG level <5 IU/L) after surgery. Primary extragenital choriocarcinoma in the spleen was considered as the cause of splenic rupture.

Conclusions
Primary extragenital choriocarcinoma of the spleen is extremely rare. Serum β-hCG tests and systemic abdominal ultrasonography are of great value for the diagnosis of the disease.