bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 4-Year Retrospective Study Of Dengue And Chikungunya In Tertiary-Care Hospital Of East Delhi
Authors: Meena Manoj Kumar , Mohapatra Subhashree , Das Shukla , Singh N P 
Published: September 2023

Backgound
Dengue is a vector-borne disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV, 1–4 serotypes), an arbovirus from flaviviridae family and chikungunya virus is an alphavirus.
Material and Methods
A 4 year retrospective study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2020 to determine the prevalence of the disease among in-patients and OPD patients. NS1 ELISA for invitro diagnostic kit was used to detect anti-dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies from 2017-2018. Bio-Rad Dengue NS1 Ag ELISA kit was employed for 2019-2020.
Results
There were 5110 samples were received of which 1269 (24.8%) were laboratory-confirmed as DEN infections. The most common affected age group was 21-40 years old. In terms of gender distribution females were more affected with both dengue and chikungunya as compared to males. Results showed that 28.74% of patients were seropositive in 2017. The maximum seropositivity was observed in 2018 with 36.97% and minimum seropositivity observed in 2020 with 3.43%.
Conclusion
Further epidemiological studies are required to determine the true burden of these infections.
Ankara’da Ahi Şerafeddin Evkafı (XVI-XIX. Yüzyıllar)
Authors: KÖÇ Ahmet 
Published: September 2023

Öz: İslam toplumlarının en önemli yardımlaşma kurumu olan vakıflar, Osmanlı döneminde uyguladıkları politikalarıyla ön plana çıkmışlardır. Çeşitli alanlarda uygulanan vakıf politikaları kimi zaman padişahlar veya onun hizmetinde çalışanlar tarafından kimi zaman da reaya sınıfı mensupları tarafından oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada ele alınan Ahi Şerafeddin Evkafı, XIV. Yüzyılda Ankara’da kurulduğu bilinmekle birlikte, Osmanlı devrinde daha da genişleyerek; cami, zaviye, türbe, imaret ve diğer yapılarla bir külliye niteliğine kavuşturulmuştur. Zikredilen külliyenin gelir kaynakları geniş alanlara yayılan arazilerden ve ticari yapılardan elde edilmiştir.
Ahi Şerafeddin’in kişiliği hakkında literatürde bilgi bulunmakla birlikte onun ailesi ve vakıfları hakkındaki bilgi daha sınırlıdır. Osmanlı devrinde aile mensupları arasında seyyitlerin bulunması onları daha seçkin hale getirmiştir. Ahi Şerafeddin Evkafı’nda yönetimi elinde bulunduran aile mensuplarının hem ahi neslinden gelmeleri hem de seyyit soyundan olmaları onları, toplumun önde gelen hatırı sayılır kişileri yapmıştır.
Ankara eşrafından olan bu çok yönlü aileden bazı kişiler ilmiyede, bürokraside, askeriyede görev yaparken bazı kişiler de ticaret ve tarım sektörlerinde faaliyet yürütmüşlerdir. Bu çok yönlü aile mensuplarının İstanbul ve Ankara’da ne tür görevlerde bulunduklarını, vakıflarının faaliyetlerini, Ankara Şer‘iye sicilleri, tahrir defterleri ve arşiv belgelerinden hareketle ele alacaktır.
An Investigation of an Important Armenian Church Architecture in terms of Urban Identity: Digor Khtzkong Monastery
Authors: ÖZKAYNAK YOLCU Merve 
Published: September 2023

Cultural heritage enables us to have information about past civilizations that form the identity of the built environment in a residential area. While cultural heritage structures reflect the material properties and techniques of the period they belong to, the architectural styles they adopted, and the level of civilization, they express the societies they belong to and the way of life of the societies, world view, management style and religious structure. For this reason, the sustainability of cultural heritage is important for the preservation of the local identity of societies and the continuity of cultural values. However, historical buildings such as mosques, churches, monasteries, chapels, synagogues, madrasas, inns, baths and castles, which reflect the identity of different regions, were built in masonry. Masonry structures, on the other hand, are not resistant to natural disasters such as earthquakes.
In this context, it is aimed to examine the monastery, which consists of five churches from the Armenian churches in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. This monastery is Khıdskonk Monastery, which consists of the Churches of St. Karapet, Virgin Mary (Surp Asdvadzdzin), St. Stefanos, St. Krikor and St. Sarkis. The churches, which differ in terms of culture and architecture, are important in terms of having the first church plan typologies. The problem of the study is that the remains of four of the five churches that were built in the same region and that were recently built, and that only one church is partially preserved. Based on this problem, it is aimed to document and archive these churches, which are important for the Kars region, and to examine their plan typologies. In this context, the relationship between earthquake damage and typologies was investigated and evaluations were made for the churches surveyed in the sample area. As a result, by emphasizing the importance of cities for their identities, suggestions were made for the protection of cultural heritage.
Establishment of district-led production of WHO-recommended Alcohol-Based Hand Rub (ABHR) during the COVID-19 pandemic: a model for improving access to ABHR during health emergencies
Authors: Tusabe Fred , Lamorde Mohammed , Medley Alexandra , Kesande Maureen , Lozier Matthew J. , Yapswale Sauda , Ociti Francis , Isabirye Herbert , Nuwamanya Elly , Nanyondo Judith , Boore Amy , Vosburgh Waverly , Kasule Juliet N. , Pratt Caroline , Berendes David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we established and sustained local production of Alcohol-Based Hand Rub (ABHR) at a district scale for healthcare facilities and community, public locations in four districts in Uganda. District officials provided space and staff for production units. The project renovated space for production, trained staff on ABHR production, and transported ABHR to key locations. The production officer conducted internal ABHR quality assessments while trained district health inspectors conducted external quality assessments prior to distribution. Information, education, and communication materials accompanied ABHR distribution. Onsite ABHR consumption was monitored by site staff using stock cards. On average, it took 11 days (range: 8–14) and 5,760 USD (range: 4,400–7,710) to setup a production unit. From March to December 2021, 21,600 L of quality-controlled ABHR were produced for 111 healthcare facilities and community locations at an average cost of 4.30 USD/L (range: 3.50–5.76). All ABHR passed both internal and external quality control (average ethanol concentration of 80%, range: 78–81%). This case study demonstrated that establishing centralized, local production of quality-controlled, affordable ABHR at a district-wide scale is feasible and strengthens the ability of healthcare workers and community locations to access and use ABHR during infectious disease outbreaks in low-resource countries.
Perspectives of sustainable development vs. law enforcement on damage, pollution and environmental conservation management in Indonesia
Authors: Pardede Marulak , Situmorang Mosgan , Aristeus Syprianus , Rumadan Ismail , Lumban Toruan Henry Donald , Diogenes  , Djamilus  , Nugrahani Ellen Lutya Putri 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

This study uses a normative juridical method based on literature studies to obtain secondary data sourced from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Specifications of research are analytically descriptive. The data analysis method used is qualitative juridical. The results of the study show that overall government policies on environmentally friendly management have not been able to overcome the conflicts that often arise between the goals of environmental preservation and the goals of economic development. As a solution to overcome these obstacles, it is necessary to enforce criminal law, in addition to imposing material punishments (requiring proof) for crimes which are genetic crimes, it is also necessary to apply formal offenses (no need for proof) for crimes which are specific crimes. The process of enforcing environmental law from the aspect of criminal law will be more successful if it is handled by agencies that technically and institutionally deal with environmental issues. In addition, the concept of sustainable development must be implemented in the legal system for environmental management. In the future, it is necessary to develop coordination between law enforcement officials who are assembled.
Development in the Inhibition of Dengue Proteases as Drug Targets
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Hameed Shehryar , Hassan Abbas , Khan Khalid Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Viral infections continue to increase morbidity and mortality severely. The flavivirus genus has fifty different species, including the dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses that can infect 40% of individuals globally, who reside in at least a hundred different countries. Dengue, one of the oldest and most dangerous human infections, was initially documented by the Chinese Medical Encyclopedia in the Jin period. It was referred to as "water poison," connected to flying insects, i.e., Aedes aegypti and Ae-des albopictus. DENV causes some medical expressions like dengue hemorrhagic fever, acute febrile illness, and dengue shock syndrome.

Objective:
According to the World Health Organization report of 2012, 2500 million people are in danger of contracting dengue fever worldwide. According to a recent study, 96 million of the 390 million dengue infections yearly show some clinical or subclinical se-verity. There is no antiviral drug or vaccine to treat this severe infection. It can be con-trolled by getting enough rest, drinking plenty of water, and using painkillers. The first dengue vaccine created by Sanofi, called Dengvaxia, was previously approved by the US-FDA in 2019. All four serotypes of the DENV1-4 have shown re-infection in vaccine recipients. However, the usage of Dengvaxia has been constrained by its adverse effects.

Conclusion:
Different classes of compounds have been reported against DENV, such as nitrogen-containing heterocycles (i.e., imidazole, pyridine, triazoles quinazolines, quinoline, and indole), oxygen-containing heterocycles (i.e., coumarins), and some are mixed heterocyclic compounds of S, N (thiazole, benzothiazine, and thiazolidinediones), and N, O (i.e., oxadiazole). There have been reports of computationally designed compounds to impede the molecular functions of specific structural and non-structural proteins as potential therapeutic targets. This review summarized the current progress in developing dengue protease inhibitors.
Statins and Portal Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Reiner Zeljko , Riahi Maryam Matbou , Emami Seyed Ahmad , Tayarani-Najaran Zahra , Salehabadi Sepideh , Kesharwani Prashant , Al-Rasadi Khalid , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Statins are primarily used to decrease elevated LDL-cholesterol
and thus prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Portal hypertension is one of the
most important complications of chronic liver disease. Several studies indicated that
statins might be beneficial for portal hypertension as well but there is still no clear answer
whether this is true or not.

Methods:
A literature search of the major databases was performed to find eligible randomized
controlled trials (RCTs) analyzing the effect of statins on portal hypertension
from inception to February 5th, 2021. Six RCTs with 442 patients who received statin or
statin plus carvedilol were finally included. Meta-analysis was performed using the Comprehensive
Meta-Analysis V2 software.

Results:
Reduction of portal hypertension after statin treatment was not significant
(WMD: -0.494, 95% CI: -1.239, 0.252, p=0.194; I2:0%). The reduction of portal hypertension
was robust in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion:
Treatment with statins did not decrease significantly portal hypertension.
In silico Strategy: A Promising Implement in the Development of
Multitarget Drugs against Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Banjare Purusottam , Wamanrao Matore Balaji , Murmu Anjali , Kumar Vikash , Singh Jagadish , Roy Partha Pratim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Multi-target drug development (MTDD) is the demand of the recent era, especially in
the case of multi-factorial conditions such as cancer, depression, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs),
etc. The MTDD approaches have many advantages; avoidance of drug-drug interactions, predictable
pharmacokinetic profile, and less drug resistance. The wet lab practice in MTDD is very
challenging for the researchers, and the chances of late-stage failure are obvious. Identification of
an appropriate target (Target fishing) is another challenging task in the development of multi-target
drugs. The in silico tools will be one of the promising tools in the MTDD for the NDs. Therefore
the outlook of the review comprises a short description of NDs, target associated with different
NDs, in silico studies so far done for MTDD for various NDs. The main thrust of this review is to
explore the present and future aspects of in silico tools used in MTDD for different NDs in combating
the challenge of drug development and the application of various in silico tools to solve the
problem of target fishing.
Design and Synthesis of New bis-oxindole and Spiro(triazole-oxindole) as CDK4 Inhibitors with Potent Anti-breast Cancer Activity
Authors: Farghaly Thoraya A. , Pashameah Rami A. , Bayazeed Abrar , Al-Soliemy Amerah M. , Alsaedi Amani M. R. , Harras Marwa F. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Since CDKs have been demonstrated to be overexpressed in a wide spectrum
of human malignancies, their inhibition has been cited as an effective technique for anticancer
drug development.

Methods:
In this context, new bis-oxindole/spiro-triazole-oxindole anti-breast cancer drugs with
potential CDK4 inhibitory effects were produced in this work. The novel series of bis-oxindole/spirotriazole-
oxindole were synthesized from the reaction of bis-oxindole with the aniline derivatives then
followed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of hydrazonoyl chloride.

Results:
The structure of these bis-oxindole/spiro-triazole-oxindole series was proven based on their
spectral analyses. Most bis-oxindole and bis-spiro-triazole-oxindole compounds effectively inhibited
the growth of MCF-7 (IC50 = 2.81-17.61 μM) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 3.23-7.98 μM) breast cancer
cell lines with low inhibitory activity against normal WI-38 cells. While the reference doxorubicin
showed IC50 values of 7.43 μM against MCF-7 and 5.71 μM against the MDA-MB-231 cell line.
Additionally, compounds 3b, 3c, 6b, and 6d revealed significant anti-CDK4 activity (IC50 = 0.157-
0.618 μM) compared to palbociclib (IC50 = 0.071 μM). Subsequent mechanistic investigations
demonstrated that 3c was able to trigger tumor cell death through the induction of apoptosis. Moreover,
it stimulated cancer cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Furthermore, western blotting disclosed
that the 3c-induced cell cycle arrest may be mediated through p21 upregulation.

Conclusion:
According to all of the findings, bis-oxindole 3c shows promise as a cancer treatment
targeting CDK4.
Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Vitamins E and D on Oxidative
Stress and Inflammation Caused by Tamoxifen in the Renal Tissue of
Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Khalid Mohammad Zardasht , Mohagheghi Sina , Pourkabir Roghayyeh Abbasali , Bahmani Mahdi , Nourian Alireza , Shafiee Gholamreza 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Tamoxifen is an effective drug for breast cancer treatment and its side effects
are the production of reactive oxygen species and kidney damage. As antioxidants, vitamins E and D
may help decrease kidney dysfunction.

Objectives:
In the present study, the protective effects of vitamins E and D on renal toxicity caused by
tamoxifen in female Wistar rats were investigated.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-five adult female rats weighing 180-200 were randomly divided into
five groups with 5 rats. Group C, T, TE, TD, and TED were treated with olive oil, tamoxifen, tamoxifen
+ vitamin E, tamoxifen +vitamin D, and tamoxifen + both vitamins for four weeks. ELISA Kits
measured the oxidant and antioxidant tests and TNF-α in kidney tissue. The spectrophotometric method
measured urea, uric acid, and creatinine in serum and urine.

Results:
Tamoxifen significantly decreased the weight of rats, GPx, CAT, SOD levels and increased
TNF-α, urinary creatinine level and, serum uric acid, urea levels (P < 0.05). But, treatment
with vitamin D and simultaneous administration of vitamins led to a significant decrease in the level
of (TNF-α) compared to the tamoxifen group (p < 0.01). Also, the histopathology results showed
that the simultaneous administration of vitamins has significantly resolved the damage caused by
the use of tamoxifen.

Conclusion:
The present study's findings showed that using vitamins E and D prevents kidney damage
through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, using vitamins E and D probably
showed stronger synergistic effects against kidney damage.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Mitigate Acute Murine Liver
Injury via Ets-1 and Heme Oxygenase-1 Up-regulation
Authors: Kao Ying-Hsien , Chang Chih-Yang , Lin Yu-Chun , Chen Po-Han , Lee Po-Huang , Chang Huoy-Rou , Chang Wen-Yu , Chang Yo-Chen , Wun Shen-Fa , Sun Cheuk-Kwan 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes have been previously
demonstrated to promote tissue regeneration in various animal disease models. This study investigated
the protective effect of exosome treatment in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver
injury and delineated possible underlying mechanism

Methods:
Exosomes collected from conditioned media of previously characterized human umbilical
cord-derived MSCs were intravenously administered into male CD-1 mice with CCl4-induced
acute liver injury. Biochemical, histological and molecular parameters were used to evaluate the
severity of liver injury. A rat hepatocyte cell line, Clone-9, was used to validate the molecular
changes by exosome treatment.

Results:
Exosome treatment significantly suppressed plasma levels of AST, ALT, and pro-inflammatory
cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, in the mice with CCl4-induced acute liver injury. Histological
morphometry revealed a significant reduction in the necropoptic area in the injured livers
following exosome therapy. Consistently, western blot analysis indicated marked elevations in hepatic
expression of PCNA, c-Met, Ets-1, and HO-1 proteins after exosome treatment. Besides, the
phosphorylation level of signaling mediator JNK was significantly increased, and that of p38 was
restored by exosome therapy. Immunohistochemistry double staining confirmed nuclear Ets-1 expression
and cytoplasmic localization of c-Met and HO-1 proteins. In vitro studies demonstrated
that exosome treatment increased the proliferation of Clone-9 hepatocytes and protected them from
CCl4-induced cytotoxicity. Kinase inhibition experiment indicated that the exosome-driven hepatoprotection
might be mediated through the JNK pathway.

Conclusion:
Exosome therapy activates the JNK signaling activation pathway as well as up-regulates
Ets-1 and HO-1 expression, thereby protecting hepatocytes against hepatotoxin-induced cell
death.
Targeting PPARγ/ NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Britannin, a Sesquiterpene Lactone
from Inula aucheriana DC., in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Abdolmohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Roozbehani Maryam , Hamzeloo-Moghadam Maryam , Heidari Fatemeh , Fallahian Faranak 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Gastric cancer is one of the most common and deadliest malignancies in the world. Therefore,
there is an urgent need to develop new and effective agents to reduce mortality. The plants of genus Inula have gained
the attention of researchers worldwide as a rich source of potent medicinal compounds.

Objective:
This study explores the anti-cancer activity of Britannin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula
aucheriana DC., and its molecular mechanism in gastric cancer cells, AGS and MKN45

Methods:
Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay following 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h treatment with different
concentrations of Britannin. Apoptosis rate and caspase-3 activity were measured 24 h after treatment by Britannin. .
Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of the NF-κB, IκBα, and PPARγ proteins. Moreover,
quantitative RT-PCR was applied to measure the expression of NF-κB target genes.

Results:
We showed that Britannin induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Britannin
caused an elevation in mRNA and protein levels of PPARγ. The involvement of PPARγ was more confirmed using
GW9662, a PPARγ inhibitor. Suppression of NF-κB was demonstrated by western blot analysis. Down-regulation of
MMP-9, TWIST-1, COX-2, and Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax were also observed in gastric cancer cells.

Conclusion:
These results imply that activation of the PPARγ signaling pathway through suppression of NF-κB underlies
the anti-cancer properties of Britannin in gastric cancer. Therefore, Britannin could be considered as a promising
anti-cancer candidate for further evaluation.
Intracerebroventricular Injection of MHY1485 Blocked the Beneficial
Effect of Adiponectin on Aversive Memory in the STZ Model of Dementia
Authors: Rashtiani Samira , Goudarzi Iran , Jafari Adele , Rohampour Kambiz 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The most prominent adipokine, adiponectin (APN), has an adverse relationship
with the malfunction of adipose tissue. Obesity causes a decrease in plasma APN levels,
which eventually results in insulin resistance and diabetes. In this study, we assessed how the effects
of APN on memory are influenced by the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and the mammalian
target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways.

Methods:
Streptozotocin (STZ) 3 mg/kg intracerebroventricular injections on days 1 and 3 following
cannulation were used to create an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. The acquisition phase
was preceded by injections of MHY and adiponectin. For the passive avoidance task, the stepthrough
latency and total duration in the dark compartment were recorded and evaluated, and the
preference index was calculated for the novel object identification test. IRS-1 protein expression in
the hippocampus was assessed by western blotting.

Results:
STZ reduced the step-through latency (STL), which rose significantly (P≤0.001) in the
APN+STZ group. The memory-improving effects of APN were reversed when MHY was administered
first (P≤0.001). The STZ and APN+STZ+MHY groups both had a substantial decline in the
preference index (P≤0.01). Compared to the control group, the STZ group's expression of the IRS-
1 protein was dramatically reduced (P≤0.0001). In contrast to the APN+STZ group, the MHYtreated
group likewise showed decreased IRS-1 protein expression (P≤0.0001), but APN+STZ was
able to enhance IRS-1 expression rate (P≤0.0001).

Conclusion:
In a rat model of AD, we found that adiponectin improved aversive and cognitive
memory, which is at least partially mediated by the mTOR signaling cascade.