bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can NATO Survive the Geostrategic Pivot to Asia?
Authors: Heisbourg François 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has a proven track record of surviving deep geopolitical shifts in its seventy-five years of existence. Several templates are examined with which NATO may cope with the pivot to Asia. One, “equidistance” by the European members of NATO vis-à-vis the United States and China, poses more problems than it resolves. A second, an explicit “division of labour,” with Asia being the Americans’ strategic responsibility while the Europeans deal with Europe, is not particularly attractive as war rages in Ukraine. “Risk sharing,” which involves putting more European “skin” in the Indo-Pacific theatre than is currently the case, is of limited utility. However, “Euro-Atlantic integration,” along lines emerging during the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, carries substantial potential. Conversely, a “global NATO” risks creating greater strategic unity between member countries. As ever, imponderables will be significant, but there is no basic reason to assume that NATO can’t manage it.
Dynamic color change in the grouper Variola louti during interspecific interactions and swimming
Authors: Marom Sagi , Kiflawi Moshe , Akkaynak Derya , Holzman Roi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Animals can change their body color for various ecological functions. In fish, rapid dynamic color change is primarily known in contexts of intraspecific communication and camouflage, while examples in interspecific contexts are rare. We studied dynamic color changes and their associated behaviors in the grouper Variola louti in its native coral reef environment in the Red Sea. Using underwater videos to record natural behaviors and color-calibrated still images to measure body colors, we quantified color displays as the brightness of the body and the contrast of three distinct patterns: body patches, head stripe, and side bars. V. louti exhibited a diverse range of pattern displays, which rapidly transformed according to its behavioral shifts. A high-contrast head stripe pattern was observed when V. louti engaged in agonistic interspecific interactions, but was interestingly absent when hunting alone or in cooperation with moray eels. The brightness of V. louti’s body color and the contrasts of the body patches and side bars were associated with its swimming behavior. Darker body colors and high contrast body patches and side bars were expressed when the fish rested on the bottom, whereas bright and uniform body colors were displayed when swimming higher above the reef. Our results suggest that V. louti utilizes dynamic color displays for camouflage and interspecific communication in agonistic and competitive interspecific interactions. These findings highlight the importance of dynamic color changes for communication and provide valuable insights into the behavioral ecology of animals.
A comprehensive graph neural network method for predicting triplet motifs in disease–drug–gene interactions
Authors: Kang Chuanze , Liu Zonghuan , Zhang Han 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Motivation
The drug–disease, gene–disease, and drug–gene relationships, as high-frequency edge types, describe complex biological processes within the biomedical knowledge graph. The structural patterns formed by these three edges are the graph motifs of (disease, drug, gene) triplets. Among them, the triangle is a steady and important motif structure in the network, and other various motifs different from the triangle also indicate rich semantic relationships. However, existing methods only focus on the triangle representation learning for classification, and fail to further discriminate various motifs of triplets. A comprehensive method is needed to predict the various motifs within triplets, which will uncover new pharmacological mechanisms and improve our understanding of disease–gene–drug interactions. Identifying complex motif structures within triplets can also help us to study the structural properties of triangles.

Results
We consider the seven typical motifs within the triplets and propose a novel graph contrastive learning-based method for triplet motif prediction (TriMoGCL). TriMoGCL utilizes a graph convolutional encoder to extract node features from the global network topology. Next, node pooling and edge pooling extract context information as the triplet features from global and local views. To avoid the redundant context information and motif imbalance problem caused by dense edges, we use node and class-prototype contrastive learning to denoise triplet features and enhance discrimination between motifs. The experiments on two different-scale knowledge graphs demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of TriMoGCL in identifying various motif types. In addition, our model reveals new pharmacological mechanisms, providing a comprehensive analysis of triplet motifs.

Availability and implementation
Codes and datasets are available at https://github.com/zhanglabNKU/TriMoGCL and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14633572.
A deep learning tissue classifier based on differential co-expression genes predicts the pregnancy outcomes of cattle
Authors: Huo Chenxi , Zhang Chuanqiang , Lu Jing , Su Xiaofeng , Qi Xiaoxia , Guo Yaqiang , Bao Yanchun , Jia Hongxia , Cao Guifang , Na Risu , Zhang Wenguang , Li Xihe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Economic losses in cattle farms are frequently associated with failed pregnancies. Some studies found that the transcriptomic profiles of blood and endometrial tissues in cattle with varying pregnancy outcomes display discrepancies even before artificial insemination (AI) or embryo transfer (ET). In the study, 330 samples from seven distinct sources and two tissue types were integrated and divided into two groups based on the ability to establish and maintain pregnancy after AI or ET: P (pregnant) and NP (nonpregnant). By analyzing gene co-variation and employing machine learning algorithms, the objective was to identify genes that could predict pregnancy outcomes in cattle. Initially, within each tissue type, the top 100 differentially co-expressed genes (DCEGs) were identified based on the analysis of changes in correlation coefficients and network topological structure. Subsequently, these genes were used in models trained by seven different machine learning algorithms. Overall, models trained on DCEGs exhibited superior predictive accuracy compared to those trained on an equivalent number of differential expression genes. Among them, the deep learning models based on differential co-expression genes in blood and endometrial tissue achieved prediction accuracies of 91.7% and 82.6%, respectively. Finally, the importance of DCEGs was ranked using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and enrichment analysis, identifying key signaling pathways that influence pregnancy. In summary, this study identified a set of genes potentially affecting pregnancy by analyzing the overall co-variation of gene connections between multiple sources. These key genes facilitated the development of interpretable machine learning models that accurately predict pregnancy outcomes in cattle.
Pseudo-observations for bivariate survival data
Authors: Travis-Lumer Yael , Mandel Micha , Betensky Rebecca A 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The pseudo-observations approach has been gaining popularity as a method to estimate covariate effects on censored survival data. It is used regularly to estimate covariate effects on quantities such as survival probabilities, restricted mean life, cumulative incidence, and others. In this work, we propose to generalize the pseudo-observations approach to situations where a bivariate failure-time variable is observed, subject to right censoring. The idea is to first estimate the joint survival function of both failure times and then use it to define the relevant pseudo-observations. Once the pseudo-observations are calculated, they are used as the response in a generalized linear model. We consider 2 common nonparametric estimators of the joint survival function: the estimator of Lin and Ying (1993) and the Dabrowska estimator (Dabrowska, 1988). For both estimators, we show that our bivariate pseudo-observations approach produces regression estimates that are consistent and asymptotically normal. Our proposed method enables estimation of covariate effects on quantities such as the joint survival probability at a fixed bivariate time point or simultaneously at several time points and, consequentially, can estimate covariate-adjusted conditional survival probabilities. We demonstrate the method using simulations and an analysis of 2 real-world datasets.
Solar-powered hydrogen: exploring production, storage, and energy integration strategies
Authors: Chen Ge , Sun Renhui , Wang Baodong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This review explores the advancements in solar technologies, encompassing production methods, storage systems, and their integration with renewable energy solutions. It examines the primary hydrogen production approaches, including thermochemical, photochemical, and biological methods. Thermochemical methods, though highly efficient, require advanced materials and complex reactor designs, while photochemical methods offer a simpler alternative but suffer from low conversion efficiencies. Biological hydrogen production presents a low-cost option but faces limitations in scalability and production rates. The review also highlights innovative hydrogen storage technologies, such as metal hydrides, metal-organic frameworks, and liquid organic hydrogen carriers, which address the intermittency of solar energy and offer scalable storage solutions. Additionally, the potential of hybrid energy systems that integrate solar hydrogen with photovoltaics, thermal energy systems, battery storage, and smart grids is emphasized. Despite technical and economic barriers, ongoing advancements in catalyst development, material optimization, and artificial intelligence-driven energy management systems are accelerating the adoption of solar hydrogen technologies. These innovations position solar hydrogen as a pivotal solution for achieving a sustainable and low-carbon energy future.
The symbolic power of sustainability: Gulf megaprojects and the case of Expo City Dubai
Authors: Koch Natalie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sustainability has a unique symbolic power in the contemporary political landscape, as ordinary people, governments and institutions grapple with the effects of the climate crisis. Proponents of megaprojects have tapped into the symbolic power by framing their initiatives as “green,” however resource-intensive they might really be. This article illustrates how this works in the UAE through a case study of Expo City Dubai, the greenfield site developed for the World’s Fair, Expo 2020, and then used to host the UN’s COP28 climate negotiations in late 2023. At both events, sustainability’s symbolic power was used to advertise the UAE’s supposedly pro-environment credentials on a world stage, as well as to recruit investments in the Expo site’s redevelopment as a new green technopole in Dubai—and in so doing legitimate Emirati leaders’ ongoing commitment to megaprojects that are ultimately designed to continue and intensify the country’s resource-intensive political economy.
Variation in faecal testosterone levels in male gray whales on a foraging ground relative to maturity and timing
Authors: Fernandez Ajó A , Buck C L , Hunt K E , Pirotta E , New L , Dillon D , Bierlich K C , Hildebrand L , Bird C N , Torres L G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding wildlife reproductive seasonality is crucial for effective management and long-term monitoring of species. This study investigates the seasonal variability of testosterone in male Pacific Coast Feeding Group (PCFG) gray whales, using an eight-year dataset (2016–2023) of individual sightings, drone-based photogrammetry and endocrine analysis of faecal samples. We analyzed the relationship between faecal testosterone levels and total body length (TL), body condition (body area index, BAI), sexual maturity and day of the year using generalized additive mixed models. Our findings reveal a significant increase in faecal testosterone levels in mature males (MM) towards the end of the foraging season. This increase was not observed in JM, highlighting age-dependent development of sexual characteristics. No significant relationship was found between testosterone levels and TL. Additionally, BAI was not significantly associated with testosterone levels. Our results suggest that the increasing testosterone levels in MM gray whales may indicate preparation for mating before the southbound migration. These findings provide valuable insights into the reproductive biology of PCFG gray whales and underscore the importance of non-invasive faecal sampling for studying reproductive seasonality in large whales. Our approach not only provides further insights into the seasonality of male reproduction for the PCFG gray whales but also offers tools to enhance the understanding of male reproduction in baleen whales broadly with non-invasive approaches.
Green Insurance for Pesticide Reduction: Acceptability and Impact for French Viticulture
Authors: Lefebvre Marianne , Raineau Yann , Aubert Cécile , Möhring Niklas , Pedehour Pauline , Raynal Marc 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Green insurance can help producers manage the risks of transitioning to more environmentally friendly practices. We investigate the uptake determinant and potential pesticide reduction in the viticulture sector, a major pesticide user, using a choice experiment with 412 French growers. Correcting for sampling bias, we find that between 48 per cent and 60 per cent (depending on contract features) are likely to take up green insurance. The insurance offers compensation for yield losses caused by the failure to contain diseases of a Decision Support System targeting pesticide reduction. We find an average 45 per cent reduction in fungicide use for adopters and conclude that green insurance can be a cost-effective tool for achieving the EU’s ambitious pesticide objectives.
Phylogenetic signal in primate tooth enamel proteins and its relevance for paleoproteomics
Authors: Fong-Zazueta Ricardo , Krueger Johanna , Alba David M , Aymerich Xènia , Beck Robin M D , Cappellini Enrico , Carrillo-Martin Guillermo , Cirilli Omar , Clark Nathan , Cornejo Omar E , Farh Kyle Kai-How , Ferrández-Peral Luis , Juan David , Kelley Joanna L , Kuderna Lukas F K , Little Jordan , Orkin Joseph D , Paterson Ryan S , Pawar Harvinder , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Lizano Esther 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ancient tooth enamel, and to some extent dentin and bone, contain characteristic peptides that persist for long periods of time. In particular, peptides from the enamel proteome (enamelome) have been used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of fossil taxa. However, the enamelome is based on only about 10 genes, whose protein products undergo fragmentation in vivo and post mortem. This raises the question as to whether the enamelome alone provides enough information for reliable phylogenetic inference. We address these considerations on a selection of enamel-associated proteins that has been computationally predicted from genomic data from 232 primate species. We created multiple sequence alignments for each protein and estimated the evolutionary rate for each site. We examined which sites overlap with the parts of the protein sequences that are typically isolated from fossils. Based on this, we simulated ancient data with different degrees of sequence fragmentation, followed by phylogenetic analysis. We compared these trees to a reference species tree. Up to a degree of fragmentation that is similar to that of fossil samples from 1-2 million years ago, the phylogenetic placements of most nodes at family level are consistent with the reference species tree. We tested phylogenetic analysis on combinations of different enamel proteins and found that the composition of the proteome can influence deep splits in the phylogeny. With our methods, we provide guidance for researchers on how to evaluate the potential of paleoproteomics for phylogenetic studies before sampling valuable ancient specimens.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Unraveling the Elusive Biology Behind Anti-TNF Response During Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kioroglou Dimitrios , Peña-Cearra Ainize , Corraliza Ana M , Seoane Iratxe , Castelo Janire , Panés Julian , Gómez-Irwin Laura , Rodríguez-Lago Iago , Ortiz de Zarate Jone , Fuertes Miguel , Martín-Ruiz Itziar , Gonzalez Monika , Aransay Ana M , Salas Azucena , Rodríguez Héctor , Anguita Juan , Abecia Leticia , Marigorta Urko M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Recent studies hint at mitochondrial genes influencing UC patient response to anti-TNF treatment. We evaluated this hypothesis by following a targeted strategy to identify gene expression that captures the relationship between mitochondrial dysregulation and response to treatment. Our objective was to initially examine this relationship in colon samples and subsequently assess whether the resulting signal persists in the bloodstream.

Methods
We analyzed the transcriptome of colon samples from an anti-TNF-treated murine model characterized by impaired mitochondrial activity and treatment resistance. We then transferred the findings that linked mitochondrial dysfunction and compromised treatment response to an anti-TNF-treated UC human cohort. We next matched differential expression in the blood using monocytes from the peripheral blood of controls and IBD patients, and we evaluated a classification process at baseline with whole blood samples from UC patients.

Results
In human colon samples, the derived gene set from the murine model showed differential expression, primarily enriched metabolic pathways, and exhibited similar classification capacity as genes enriching inflammatory pathways. Moreover, the evaluation of the classification signal using blood samples from UC patients at baseline highlighted the involvement of mitochondrial homeostasis in treatment response.

Conclusions
Our results highlight the involvement of metabolic pathways and mitochondrial homeostasis in determining treatment response and their ability to provide promising classification signals with detection levels in both the colon and the bloodstream.
Texts without authors: ascribing literary meaning in the case of AI
Authors: Vlaad Sofie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
With the increasing popularity of large language models, there has been an increase in the number of AI-generated literary works. In the absence of clear authors, and assuming such works have meaning, there lies a puzzle in determining who or what fixes the meaning of such texts. I give an overview of six leading theories for ascribing meaning to literary works. These are Extreme Actual Intentionalism, Modest Actual Intentionalism (1 and 2), Conventionalism, Actual Author Hypothetical Intentionalism, and Postulated Author Hypothetical Intentionalism. I argue that only Conventionalism and Postulated Author Hypothetical Intentionalism show any promise of adjudicating how we ought to ascribe meaning in the case of AI-generated texts, and further that Postulated Author Hypothetical Intentionalism is the stronger of the two views.
Incorporating area-level social drivers of health in predictive algorithms using electronic health record data
Authors: Foryciarz Agata , Gladish Nicole , Rehkopf David H , Rose Sherri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The inclusion of social drivers of health (SDOH) into predictive algorithms of health outcomes has potential for improving algorithm interpretation, performance, generalizability, and transportability. However, there are limitations in the availability, understanding, and quality of SDOH variables, as well as a lack of guidance on how to incorporate them into algorithms when appropriate to do so. As such, few published algorithms include SDOH, and there is substantial methodological variability among those that do. We argue that practitioners should consider the use of social indices and factors—a class of area-level measurements—given their accessibility, transparency, and quality.

Results
We illustrate the process of using such indices in predictive algorithms, which includes the selection of appropriate indices for the outcome, measurement time, and geographic level, in a demonstrative example with the Kidney Failure Risk Equation.

Discussion
Identifying settings where incorporating SDOH may be beneficial and incorporating them rigorously can help validate algorithms and assess generalizability.
Responses of biological characteristics and detoxification enzymes in the fall armyworm to methoxyfenozide stress
Authors: Yang Shuqi , Yuan Yue , Zhang Xiongwei , Zou Yaqin , Yao Pan , Ye Danni , Ye Liutong , Zhang Xiaolei , Li Junkai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Methoxyfenozide is an insecticide with a unique mode of action on the insect ecdysone receptor and has been registered for the control of insect pests all over the world. In the present work, Spodoptera frugiperda was exposed to sublethal and lethal concentrations of methoxyfenozide to determine its impact on specific biological traits, metabolic enzyme activity, and the expression of detoxification enzymes. The result showed that 72-h posttreatment with LC50 and LC70 of methoxyfenozide significantly reduced the fecundity (eggs/female) of the F0 generation compared to those of the control group. However, the duration of the prepupal period was significantly increased. The exposure to LC10, LC30, LC50, and LC70 concentrations of methoxyfenozide significantly extended the developmental duration of larvae in F1 individuals. The fecundity of the F1 generation was significantly decreased, and the population life table parameters of F1 were also significantly affected. The activity of carboxylesterases showed little significant change, whereas the activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) was significantly altered after exposure to LC10, LC30, LC50, and LC70 of methoxyfenozide. In total, 24-, 48-, and 96-h posttreatment with LC10, LC30, LC50, and LC70 of methoxyfenozide could cause upregulation of P450 genes such as CYP6AE44, CYP6B39, CYP9A26, CYP9A58, CYP9A59, and CYP9A60, as well as GST genes including GSTe3, GSTe9, GSTe10, GSTe15, GSTo2, GSTs1, GSTs5, GSTm2, and GSTm3. These findings could be instrumental in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the sublethal and lethal effects of methoxyfenozide to S. frugiperda.
The ICJ and the protection of foreign property under customary international law: quid novi?
Authors: Ouellet André-Philippe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The protection of foreign property has been a key feature of CIL for at least the last century. The central protection under this regime is the MST. Still, the more specific investment protection regime reached its apex around 2010 with thousands of BITs in force. This article focuses on customary property protection, the scope of which exceeds that of BITs because it protects not only investors, but also any foreigner. To identify the relevant CIL rules, this article assesses the International Court of Justice Certain Iranian Assets case against the backdrop of previous cases. To this end, it first analyses elements characterized as CIL by the Court, eg police powers. Secondly, it deals with elements whose CIL character must be found between the lines of this case, such as the obligation to compensate indirect takings. Finally, it discusses legal questions the Court peremptorily set aside, for example whether assets’ blocking constitutes indirect expropriation.