bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of extracellular vesicles in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and potential clinical applications
Authors: Liang Tiansong , Chen Linhui , Liu Xiaojing , Li Yuanfang , Li Zhikai , Yang Daoke , Li Huizhen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) can be secreted by a wide variety of cells, including tumor cells, and contain some bioactive molecules from the source cells. Therefore, they can potentially be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis of tumors and for tumor therapy. In addition, EVs can affect the features of target cells and participate in regulating the development process of tumors.MethodsA literature review was conducted to elucidate the role of extracellular vesicles in the progression and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.ResultsIn this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation and metastasis, immune response, and chemo‐radiotherapy resistance that are induced by EVs. We also reviewed the potential applications of EVs as biomarkers, therapeutic agents, and carriers so as to determine new directions for the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The application limitations have also been discussed in this review, further work is needed to ensure optimal outcomes for patients.ConclusionAlthough the roles of extracellular vesicles in the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma have been summarized, some aspects are still unclear and need to be further studied. In addition, the applications of extracellular vesicles in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma still need to optimize conditions to produce better therapeutic outcomes for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Income disparities between adult childhood cancer survivors and their peers—A register‐based cohort study from the SALiCCS research programme
Authors: Kyrönlahti Anniina , Erdmann Friederike , Feychting Maria , Frederiksen Line Elmerdahl , Hirvonen Elli , Korhonen Liisa Maria , Krøyer Anja , Mader Luzius , Malila Nea , Mogensen Hanna , Pedersen Camilla , Talbäck Mats , Taskinen Mervi , Winther Jeanette Falck , Madanat‐Harjuoja Laura , Pitkäniemi Janne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors face various adverse consequences. This Nordic register‐based cohort study aimed to assess whether survivors of childhood cancer are more likely to have low income than their peers.MethodsWe identified 17,392 childhood cancer survivors diagnosed at ages 0 to 19 between 1971 and 2009 with 83,221 age‐, sex‐, and country‐matched population comparisons. Annual disposable income at ages 20 to 50 years was retrieved from statistical offices (for 1990–2017) and categorized into low income and middle/high income. The number of transitions between income categories were assessed using binomial regression analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of annual low income among childhood cancer survivors was 18.1% and 15.6% among population comparisons (risk ratio [RR] 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.18). Compared to population comparisons, childhood cancer survivors were 10% (95% CI 8%–11%) less likely to transition from low to middle/high income and 12% (10%–15%) more likely to transition from middle/high to low income during follow‐up. Among those initially in the low income category, survivors were 7% (95% CI 3%–11%) more likely to remain in the low income category. If the initial category was middle/high income, childhood cancer survivors were 10% (95% CI 8%–11%) less likely to remain in the middle/high income and 45% (37%–53%) more likely to transition to the low income category permanently.ConclusionsChildhood cancer survivors are at higher risk for low income in adulthood than their peers. These disparities might be reduced by continued career counseling along with support in managing within the social security system.
Evaluation of Antituberculosis Activity and in Silico Properties of Oxymethylene‐cyclo‐1,3‐diones
Authors: Lin Mmed. Lianjun , Yang Mmed. Yanping , Dong Mmed Linjuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTuberculosis is a leading infectious disease that has infected one‐third of the world's population and is more prevalent among people belonging to developing countries such as India and China. In the present study, a series of substituted oxymethylene‐cyclo‐1,3‐diones was synthesized and screened for anti‐tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (M. tuberculosis). The compounds were synthesized by condensation of 1,3‐cyclicdione, substituted phenols/ alcohols and triethyl orthoformate. The synthesized compounds were screened for anti‐tuberculosis activity against M.tuberculosis H37Rv using Middlebrook 7H9 broth assay. Results demonstrated that among the synthesized library of molecules, two compounds 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenoxymethylene)‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione and 5,5‐dimethyl‐2‐(2‐trifluoromethylphenoxymethylene)cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione were found to be most active against M. tuberculosis (MICs of 1.25 μg/mL−1). The MICs of 2‐(2,4‐difluoro‐phenoxymethylene)‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione and 2‐(2‐bromophenoxymethylene)‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione were found to be 5 and 10 μg mL−1, respectively. Data from the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that all the four most active compounds did not exhibit cytotoxicity against human cell lines. Molecular docking studies revealed that the most active compound targets mycobacterial InhA enzyme. In summary, the present study demonstrates the methodology for the synthesis of oxymethylene‐cyclo‐1,3‐diones and identified two potential anti‐tuberculosis compounds.
Interrogation of an Enzyme Library Reveals the Catalytic Plasticity of Naturally Evolved [4+2] Cyclases
Authors: Zorn Katja , Back Catherine R. , Barringer Rob , Chadimová Veronika , Manzo‐Ruiz Monserrat , Mbatha Sbusisiwe Z. , Mobarec Juan‐Carlos , Williams Sam E. , van der Kamp Marc W. , Race Paul R. , Willis Christine L. , Hayes Martin A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStereoselective carbon‐carbon bond forming reactions are quintessential transformations in organic synthesis. One example is the Diels‐Alder reaction, a [4+2] cycloaddition between a conjugated diene and a dienophile to form cyclohexenes. The development of biocatalysts for this reaction is paramount for unlocking sustainable routes to a plethora of important molecules. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of naturally evolved [4+2] cyclases, and to identify hitherto uncharacterised biocatalysts for this reaction, we constructed a library comprising forty‐five enzymes with reported or predicted [4+2] cycloaddition activity. Thirty‐one library members were successfully produced in recombinant form. In vitro assays employing a synthetic substrate incorporating a diene and a dienophile revealed broad‐ranging cycloaddition activity amongst these polypeptides. The hypothetical protein Cyc15 was found to catalyse an intramolecular cycloaddition to generate a novel spirotetronate. The crystal structure of this enzyme, along with docking studies, establishes the basis for stereoselectivity in Cyc15, as compared to other spirotetronate cyclases.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Cationic Lipid: Efficient siRNA Delivery and Anticancer Activity of Survivin‐siRNA Lipoplexes for the Treatment of Lung and Breast Cancers**
Authors: Vaidya Sandeep , Mohod Annie , Eedara Abhisheik Chowdary , Andugulapati Sai Balaji , Pabbaraja Srihari 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurvivin has been shown to be widely expressed in most tumor cells, including lung and breast cancers. Due to limited siRNA delivery, it is more challenging to target survivin using knockdown‐based techniques. Designing and developing new, bifunctional chemical molecules with both selective anti‐proliferative activity and effective siRNA transfection capabilities by targeting a particular gene is important to treat aggressive tumors like triple‐negative breast tumors (TNBC). The cationic lipids deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) and also display inherent anti‐cancer activities; therefore, cationic lipid therapies have become very popular for treating malignant cancers. In the current study, we attempted to synthesize a series of acid‐containing cationic lipids, anthranilic acid‐containing mef lipids, and indoleacetic acid‐containing etodo lipids etc. Further, we elucidated their bi‐functional activity for their anticancer activity and survivin siRNA‐mediated anti‐cancer activity. Our results showed that lipoplexes with siRNA‐Etodo: Dotap (ED) and siRNA‐Mef: Dotap (MD) exhibited homogeneous particle size and positive zeta potential. Further, biological investigations resulted in enhanced survivin siRNA delivery with high stability, improved transfection efficiency, and anti‐cancer activity. Additionally, our findings showed that survivin siRNA lipoplexes (ED and MD) in A549 cells and 4T1 cells exhibited stronger survivin knockdown, enhanced apoptosis, and G1 or G2/M phase arrest in both cell types. In vivo results revealed that treatment with survivin complexed lipoplexes significantly reduced tumor growth and tumor weight compared to control. Thus, our novel quaternary amine‐based liposome formulations are predicted to open up new possibilities in the development of a simple and widely utilized platform for siRNA delivery and anti‐cancer activities.
Carbon Fiber‐Supported Co‐based MOF Derivatives as Cathode Catalysts for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Ruan Yanli , Tian Jia , Lei Haikuo , Xu Hang , Zheng Haitao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe overuse of fossil fuels has led to energy shortage and environmental pollution. Therefore, new ways of energy storage and conversion are constantly sought. Zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) are considered to be one of the most potential renewable clean energy sources, because of their high energy density, cost‐effective and environmentally friendly advantages. However, due to the lack of stable and efficient oxygen electrocatalysts, it is difficult for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to fully realize the effective conversion of chemistry and electric energy, which seriously affects the performance of zinc‐air batteries. Herein, Cobalt‐based composite catalyst CoP/CNF was prepared by electrospinning technology and applied to zinc‐air batteries. High power density and long‐term cycling stability of Zn‐air batteries are achieved due to the synergistic effect of transition metal phosphides and MOF‐derived M−N−C. The OER overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 of CoP/CNF is 330 mV and the ORR half‐wave potential of CoP/CNF is 0.78 V under alkaline conditions. In addition, the ZABs assembled with CoP/CNF as the catalyst has a peak power density of 164 mW cm−2 and an ultra‐long cycle stability of 1200 h at a current density of 5 mA cm−2. Even at 10 mA cm−2, the ZAB (CoP/CNF) can maintain stable cycle up to 420 h. More impressive, two ZABs (CoP/CNF) connected in series can charge the small bulb and LED screen.
Origin of the Bürgi‐Dunitz Angle
Authors: Rodríguez Humberto A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Fernández Israel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Bürgi‐Dunitz (BD) angle plays a pivotal role in organic chemistry to rationalize the nucleophilic addition to carbonyl groups. Yet, the origin of the obtuse trajectory of the nucleophile remains incompletely understood. Herein, we quantify the importance of the underlying physical factors quantum chemically. The obtuse BD angle appears to originate from the concerted action of a reduced Pauli repulsion between the nucleophile HOMO and carbonyl π bond, a more stabilizing HOMO‐π*‐LUMO(C=O) interaction, as well as a more favorable electrostatic attraction.
Exploring Synergistic Interactions between Polystyrene and Polyethylene
Authors: Luong Thang , Wang Yuxin , Parmar Kaushal , Jiang Changle , Wang Qiang , Hu Jianli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn attempt was undertaken to elevate production of aromatic compounds through co‐upcycling of polystyrene (PS) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The plastics samples were upcycled at 400 °C with catalyst H‐ZSM‐5. Compared to single plastic upcycling, co‐upcycling PS and LDPE demonstrated high advantages: lowered reaction temperature (390 °C), medium reaction rate (−1.35 %/°C), low yield to coke (1.62 % or less) and enhanced aromatics yield (42.9–43.5 %). In‐situ FTIR results demonstrated a constant production of aromatics in the 1 : 1 mixed plastic while in pure plastics, aromatic production quickly dropped. Compared to single PS upcycling, co‐upcycling PS with PE produced more monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) at close to 43.0 % versus 32.5 % and less polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at 16.8–34.6 % versus 49.5 %. From these data, the synergy between PS and LDPE were confirmed and the mechanism in which they increased MAHs production was proposed.
Treatment strategy and post‐treatment management of colorectal neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Sekiguchi Masau , Matsuda Takahisa , Saito Yutaka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFollowing the increase in colorectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), there is a consequent increase in the importance of their appropriate treatment and post‐treatment management. It is widely accepted that colorectal NETs sized ≥20 mm and those with muscularis propria invasion are indicated for radical surgery, and those sized <10 mm without the invasion are indicated for local resection. No consensus has been reached regarding the treatment strategy for those sized 10–19 mm without the invasion. Endoscopic resection has become a primary option for the local resection of colorectal NETs. For rectal NETs sized <10 mm, modified endoscopic mucosal resection, such as endoscopic submucosal resection with ligation device and endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap‐fitted panendoscope, seems favorable because of its ability to achieve a high R0 resection rate, safety, and convenience. Endoscopic submucosal dissection can also be helpful for these lesions; however, this procedure may be more effective for large lesions or those in the colon. Management following local resection of colorectal NETs is based on the pathological evaluation of factors associated with metastasis, including tumor size, invasion depth, tumor cell proliferative activity (NET grading), presence of lymphovascular invasion, and resection margins. There remain unclear issues in managing cases with NET grading ≥2, positive lymphovascular invasion, and positive resection margins following local resection. In particular, there is confusion regarding managing positive lymphovascular invasion because positivity has become remarkably high with the increased use of the immunohistochemical/special staining. Further evidence based on long‐term clinical outcomes is required to address these issues.
Regional plant abundance explains patterns of host use by pollen‐specialist bees in eastern North America
Authors: Smith Colleen , Joly Simon , Antoine Cécile , Hyjazie Batoule , Forrest Jessica R. K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpecialist insect herbivores make up a substantial fraction of Earth's biodiversity; however, they exploit a minority of plant lineages. For instance, in the eastern United States and Canada, ~25% of bee species are pollen specialists, but they are hosted by a small fraction of the native, animal‐pollinated angiosperms in the region: Only 6% of plant genera and 3% of families support pollen‐specialist bees. It is unclear why some plant lineages host specialist bees while others do not. We know that at least some specialist bees use plant taxa that are avoided by generalists, suggesting that specialist bees favor plants with low‐quality pollen, potentially as a strategy to escape competition or obtain protection from natural enemies. There is also evidence that specialist bees prefer superabundant host plants. Here we investigate whether pollen quality and plant abundance predict patterns of host use by specialist bees in eastern North America. Through field observations, we find that plants hosting specialist bees are frequent sources of pollen for generalists, suggesting that their pollen is not generally avoided by bees due to poor pollen quality. In addition, our analysis of a large citizen‐science data set shows that regional abundance strongly predicts which plant genera in the eastern United States host pollen‐specialist bees. Our results show that bees specialize on regionally abundant—but not necessarily low‐quality—plant lineages. These plant lineages may provide more opportunities for the evolution of specialists and lower likelihood of specialist extinction.
Planetary geoarchaeology as a new frontier in archaeological science: Evaluating site formation processes on Earth's Moon
Authors: Holcomb Justin A. , O'Leary Beth , Darrin Ann G. , Mandel Rolfe D. , Kling Corbin , Wegmann Karl W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOn October 4, 1957, Homo sapiens crossed a new threshold of technological innovation after constructing an artifact capable of entering Low Earth Orbit and effectively paving the way for a future of space exploration. This artifact was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet space program which triggered the “space race” of the mid‐20th century. Over the past 65 years, we have continued to explore and populate our solar system with rockets and spacecraft including satellites, probes, landers, and rovers. This expansion into our solar system has left traces of our presence on several planets including the Earth, Mars, Mercury, and Venus along with Earth's Moon, Titan, and several galaxy travelers in the form of asteroids and comets. Today, we have entered the realm of a new privatized and global space race, effectively a “new space race” or “new Space Age.” As we expand our material footprint into new extraterrestrial environments, there is a growing need to understand the types of unique site formation processes capable of altering, destroying, or preserving this rapidly increasing archaeological record known as space heritage. Such understandings are germane to the subdiscipline of geoarchaeology, that part of archaeology dedicated to studying the interaction between humans, cultural heritage, and environmental systems from a geoscience perspective. Closely aligned and partially overlapping with the subdisciplines of space archaeology, archaeological science, and planetary geology, we introduce a new subfield we call planetary geoarchaeology to open discussion about how geoarchaeologists can play a role in addressing current and future issues surrounding the preservation and management of space heritage. To demonstrate the potential of the subdiscipline, we focus on the current archaeological record of the Moon, describe lunar site formation processes, and discuss the implications for the current and future preservation of space heritage in the lunar setting. Planetary geoarchaeology can be applied to practically every type of extraterrestrial environment, provided humans have left behind a measurable record. We hope this paper will spur more research studying human–environment interaction in space.
How does a local instrumental variable method perform across settings with instruments of differing strengths? A simulation study and an evaluation of emergency surgery
Authors: Moler‐Zapata Silvia , Grieve Richard , Basu Anirban , O’Neill Stephen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLocal instrumental variable (LIV) approaches use continuous/multi‐valued instrumental variables (IV) to generate consistent estimates of average treatment effects (ATEs) and Conditional Average Treatment Effects (CATEs). There is little evidence on how LIV approaches perform according to the strength of the IV or with different sample sizes. Our simulation study examined the performance of an LIV method, and a two‐stage least squares (2SLS) approach across different sample sizes and IV strengths. We considered four ‘heterogeneity’ scenarios: homogeneity, overt heterogeneity (over measured covariates), essential heterogeneity (unmeasured), and overt and essential heterogeneity combined. In all scenarios, LIV reported estimates with low bias even with the smallest sample size, provided that the instrument was strong. Compared to 2SLS, LIV provided estimates for ATE and CATE with lower levels of bias and Root Mean Squared Error. With smaller sample sizes, both approaches required stronger IVs to ensure low bias. We considered both methods in evaluating emergency surgery (ES) for three acute gastrointestinal conditions. Whereas 2SLS found no differences in the effectiveness of ES according to subgroup, LIV reported that frailer patients had worse outcomes following ES. In settings with continuous IVs of moderate strength, LIV approaches are better suited than 2SLS to estimate policy‐relevant treatment effect parameters.
Comparing the role of different treatment modalities in locoregionally advanced olfactory neuroblastoma: The 20‐year clinical experience of a single institution
Authors: Chai Yue , Wei Yuce , Zhang Di , Qi Fei , Dong Mei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical value of different treatment modalities, especially systemic chemotherapy (CT) in patients with locoregionally advanced olfactory neuroblastoma (LA ONB) remains unclear.MethodsPatients with LA ONB from 2000 to 2020 at our center were collected retrospectively. The entire cohort was divided into combined systemic and local therapy (CSLT) versus local therapy (LT) groups (grouping method 1), and the same cohort was divided into neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) versus non‐NAC groups (grouping method 2). CSLT group included patients treated with CT + LT. LT group included patients treated with surgery (SG), radiotherapy (RT), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), or any combination of the above methods. LT group was further divided into mono‐modality local therapy (MOLT) group and multi‐modality local therapy (MULT) group. MOLT group included patients treated with RT alone or SG alone. MULT group included patients treated with SG + RT/CCRT, or CCRT alone. NAC group included patients treated with NAC + LT ± adjuvant chemotherapy (ADC). Non‐NAC group included patients who received LT ± ADC.ResultsA total of 111 patients with LA ONB were included. The median follow‐up was 80.2 months (range, 2.1–254.9). The 5‐ and 10‐year OS rates were 70.2% and 61.3%, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients treated with NAC (n = 43) had significantly better overall survival (OS) compared with those without NAC (n = 68) (p = 0.041). Patients in MULT group (n = 45) had significantly improved OS (p = 0.004) and PFS (p = 0.003) compared with those in MOLT group (n = 15). Multivariate analysis identified NAC and CSLT (n = 51) were independent prognostic factors for superior OS (p = 0.020, p = 0.046).ConclusionsOur study suggested that CSLT, especially a combination of NAC and LT, improved the survival of patients with LA ONB. Multiple treatment modalities yielded better PFS and OS compared to single‐modality treatment.