bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clonal diploid and autopolyploid breeding strategies to harness heterosis: insights from stochastic simulation
Authors: Labroo Marlee R. , Endelman Jeffrey B. , Gemenet Dorcus C. , Werner Christian R. , Gaynor Robert Chris , Covarrubias-Pazaran Giovanny E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Key message
Reciprocal recurrent selection sometimes increases genetic gain per unit cost in clonal diploids with heterosis due to dominance, but it typically does not benefit autopolyploids.

Abstract
Breeding can change the dominance as well as additive genetic value of populations, thus utilizing heterosis. A common hybrid breeding strategy is reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS), in which parents of hybrids are typically recycled within pools based on general combining ability. However, the relative performances of RRS and other breeding strategies have not been thoroughly compared. RRS can have relatively increased costs and longer cycle lengths, but these are sometimes outweighed by its ability to harness heterosis due to dominance. Here, we used stochastic simulation to compare genetic gain per unit cost of RRS, terminal crossing, recurrent selection on breeding value, and recurrent selection on cross performance considering different amounts of population heterosis due to dominance, relative cycle lengths, time horizons, estimation methods, selection intensities, and ploidy levels. In diploids with phenotypic selection at high intensity, whether RRS was the optimal breeding strategy depended on the initial population heterosis. However, in diploids with rapid-cycling genomic selection at high intensity, RRS was the optimal breeding strategy after 50 years over almost all amounts of initial population heterosis under the study assumptions. Diploid RRS required more population heterosis to outperform other strategies as its relative cycle length increased and as selection intensity and time horizon decreased. The optimal strategy depended on selection intensity, a proxy for inbreeding rate. Use of diploid fully inbred parents vs. outbred parents with RRS typically did not affect genetic gain. In autopolyploids, RRS typically did not outperform one-pool strategies regardless of the initial population heterosis.
Suicidal thoughts, suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-harm amongst lesbian, gay and bisexual adults compared with heterosexual adults: analysis of data from two nationally representative English household surveys
Authors: Kidd Garrett , Marston Louise , Nazareth Irwin , Osborn David , Pitman Alexandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to compare differences in suicidality and self-harm between specific lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) groups, and investigate whether minority stress factors might contribute to any associations, addressing methodological limitations of previous research.

Methods
We analysed data combined from two population-based representative household surveys of English adults (N = 10,443) sampled in 2007 and 2014. Using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, educational attainment, area-level deprivation, and common mental disorder, we tested the association between sexuality and three suicide-related outcomes: past-year suicidal thoughts, past-year suicide attempt, and lifetime non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH). We added bullying and discrimination (separately) to final models to explore whether these variables might mediate the associations. We tested for interactions with gender and survey year.

Results
Lesbian/gay people were more likely to report past-year suicidal thoughts [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.20; 95% CI 1.08–4.50] than heterosexuals. No minority group had an increased probability of suicide attempt. Bisexual (AOR = 3.02; 95% CI = 1.78–5.11) and lesbian/gay (AOR = 3.19; 95% CI = 1.73–5.88) individuals were more likely to report lifetime NSSH than heterosexuals. There was some evidence to support a contribution of bullying in the association between lesbian/gay identity and past-year suicidal thoughts, and of each minority stress variable in the associations with NSSH. There was no interaction with gender or survey year.

Conclusion
Specific LGB groups are at elevated risk of suicidal thoughts and NSSH, with a possible contribution of lifetime bullying and homophobic discrimination. These disparities show no temporal shift despite apparent increasing societal tolerance towards sexual minorities.
When to use matching and weighting or regression in instrumental variable estimation? Evidence from college proximity and returns to college
Authors: Tübbicke Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStandard two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression remains dominant in instrumental variables estimation of causal effects even though the literature has shown that 2SLS may be inconsistent when effects are heterogenous and the instrument is only valid when conditioning on covariates. To show that this is not merely a hypothetical threat, this paper re-estimates the returns to college using college proximity as an instrument based on the data from Card (Aspects of labour market behavior: essays in honour of John Vanderkamp, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1995). The results show that 2SLS yields systematically larger estimates of the returns to college than more flexible estimators based on the instrument propensity score. In the full sample, differences amount to about 50 to 100%. This is due to the implicit conditional-variance weighting performed by 2SLS. Moreover, in line with the theoretical prediction by Sloczynski (When should we (not) interpret linear IV estimands as LATE? IZA discussion papers 14349, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), 2021), findings suggest that the impact of the conditional-variance weighting is larger when instrument groups are not roughly the same size. Thus, it is advised to use 2SLS with caution and use estimators based on the instrument propensity score instead when groups are of different size and covariates are predictive of the instrument.
Biomarkers in 5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy—a narrative review
Authors: Lapp H. S. , Freigang M. , Hagenacker T. , Weiler M. , Wurster C. D. , Günther René 
Published: June 2023

Abstract5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in theSMN1gene, resulting in a loss of functional SMN protein and consecutive degeneration of motor neurons in the ventral horn. The disease is clinically characterized by proximal paralysis and secondary skeletal muscle atrophy. New disease-modifying drugs drivingSMNgene expression have been developed in the past decade and have revolutionized SMA treatment. The rise of treatment options led to a concomitant need of biomarkers for therapeutic guidance and an improved disease monitoring. Intensive efforts have been undertaken to develop suitable markers, and numerous candidate biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values have been identified. The most promising markers include appliance-based measures such as electrophysiological and imaging-based indices as well as molecular markers including SMN-related proteins and markers of neurodegeneration and skeletal muscle integrity. However, none of the proposed biomarkers have been validated for the clinical routine yet. In this narrative review, we discuss the most promising candidate biomarkers for SMA and expand the discussion by addressing the largely unfolded potential of muscle integrity markers, especially in the context of upcoming muscle-targeting therapies. While the discussed candidate biomarkers hold potential as either diagnostic (e.g., SMN-related biomarkers), prognostic (e.g., markers of neurodegeneration, imaging-based markers), predictive (e.g., electrophysiological markers) or response markers (e.g., muscle integrity markers), no single measure seems to be suitable to cover all biomarker categories. Hence, a combination of different biomarkers and clinical assessments appears to be the most expedient solution at the time.
Soil microbiomes in lawns reveal land-use legacy impacts on urban landscapes
Authors: Thompson Grant L. , Bray Natalie , Groffman Peter M. , Kao-Kniffin Jenny 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLand-use change is highly dynamic globally and there is great uncertainty about the effects of land-use legacies on contemporary environmental performance. We used a chronosequence of urban grasslands (lawns) that were converted from agricultural and forested lands from 10 to over 130 years prior to determine if land-use legacy influences components of soil biodiversity and composition over time. We used historical aerial imagery to identify sites in Baltimore County, MD (USA) with agricultural versus forest land-use history. Soil samples were taken from these sites as well as from existing well-studied agricultural and forest sites used as historical references by the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research Baltimore Ecosystem Study program. We found that the microbiomes in lawns of agricultural origin were similar to those in agricultural reference sites, which suggests that the ecological parameters on lawns and reference agricultural systems are similar in how they influence soil microbial community dynamics. In contrast, lawns that were previously forest showed distinct shifts in soil bacterial composition upon recent conversion but reverted back in composition similar to forest soils as the lawns aged over decades. Soil fungal communities shifted after forested land was converted to lawns, but unlike bacterial communities, did not revert in composition over time. Our results show that components of bacterial biodiversity and composition are resistant to change in previously forested lawns despite urbanization processes. Therefore land-use legacy, depending on the prior use, is an important factor to consider when examining urban ecological homogenization.
Effect of active warming on perioperative cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Feng Yunying , Zhang Yuelun , Sun Boyuan , He Yumiao , Pei Lijian , Huang Yuguang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to provide an updated review on the active warming effects on major adverse cardiac events, 30-day all-cause mortality, and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery.MethodWe systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database. We included randomized controlled trials of adult population undergoing noncardiac surgeries that concentrate on the comparison of active warming methods and passive thermal management. Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was applied for risk-of-bias assessment. We used trial sequential analysis to evaluate the possibility of false positive or negative results.ResultsA total of 13,316 unique records were identified, of which only 19 with reported perioperative cardiovascular outcomes were included in the systematic review and nine of them were included in final meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference between active warming methods and routine care was found in major adverse cardiac events (RR 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14–2.21,I2 = 71%, number of events 59 vs. 70), 30-day all-cause mortality (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.43–1.54,I2 = 0%, number of events 17 vs. 21), and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.17–2.22,I2 = 79%, number of events 236 vs. 234). Trial sequential analysis suggests that current trials did not reach the minimum information size regarding the major cardiovascular events.ConclusionsCompared to routine perioperative care, we found that active warming methods are not necessary for cardiovascular prevention in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.
SINNHAFT – die Merkhilfe für die standardisierte Übergabe in der zentralen Notaufnahme
Authors: Gräff I. , Ehlers P. , Schacher S. 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der Regel existiert nur eine Möglichkeit für die Übergabe in der Medizin und somit für die Übertragung relevanter Behandlungs- und Patienteninformationen. Der Übergabe an der Nahtstelle zur zentralen Notaufnahme muss somit eine außerordentliche Bedeutung beigemessen werden. Auch aus juristischer Sicht, im Sinne der Übertragung der Verantwortlichkeit, schließt die Übergabe einerseits die präklinische Versorgung ab und gewährleistet andererseits die Weitergabe wichtiger Informationen, um eine bestmögliche klinische Versorgung zu gewährleisten. Aufbauend auf dem Konsensuspapier aus dem Jahr 2020, mit insgesamt 15 Empfehlungen zum strukturierten Übergabeprozess in der zentralen Notaufnahme (ZNA), wurde ein Delphi-Verfahren mit 52 Teilnehmern eingeleitet, welches sich an den Regularien der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (AWMF) orientiert. Im März 2023 konnten die Ergebnisse der zwei Abstimmungsrunden publiziert werden und bieten somit eine evidenzbasierte Grundlage zur Definition der festen Inhalte einer Merkhilfe. Unter Berücksichtigung aller Ergebnisse des Delphi-Verfahrens lässt sich eine Merkhilfe mit dem Akronym „SINNHAFT“ ableiten. Somit ist SINNHAFT 1.0 eine konkrete Merkhilfe, welche erstmalig in einem aufwendigen wissenschaftlichen Prozess Übergabeinhalte, unter Integration von CRM(Crew Ressource Management)-Aspekten, definiert und die Basis für eine Standardisierung der Übergabe an der Nahtstelle Rettungsdienst zur ZNA in Deutschland darstellt.
Anaemia is associated with higher disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis but is not an independent predictor of spinal radiographic progression: data from the Swiss Clinical Quality Management Registry
Authors: Micheroli Raphael , Kissling Seraphina , Bürki Kristina , Möller Burkhard , Finckh Axel , Nissen Michael J. , Exer Pascale , Bräm René , Kyburz Diego , Rubbert-Roth Andrea , Andor Michael , Baraliakos Xenofon , de Hooge Manouk , Distler Oliver , Scherer Almut , Ciurea Adrian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
As anaemia represents a biomarker for increased radiographic damage in rheumatoid arthritis, we aimed to investigate whether it independently predicts spinal radiographic progression in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods
AxSpA patients with available haemoglobin levels from the prospective Swiss Clinical Quality Management Registry were included for comparison of patients with and without anaemia. Spinal radiographic progression was assessed according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) if ≥ 2 sets of spinal radiographs were available every 2 years. The relationship between anaemia and progression (defined as an increase ≥ 2 mSASSS units in 2 years) was analysed with generalized estimating equation models after adjustment for the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) and potential confounding, as well as after multiple imputations of missing values.

Results
A total of 212/2522 axSpA patients presented with anaemia (9%). Anaemic patients had higher clinical disease activity, higher acute phase reactants and more severe impairments in physical function, mobility and quality of life. In the subgroup of patients with AS (N = 433), a comparable mSASSS progression was found in anaemic and non-anaemic patients (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.96, p = 0.49). Age, male sex, baseline radiographic damage and ASDAS were associated with enhanced progression. The results were confirmed in complete case analyses and with progression defined as the formation of ≥ 1 syndesmophyte in 2 years.

Conclusion
Although anaemia was associated with higher disease activity in axSpA, it did not additionally contribute to the prediction of spinal radiographic progression.

Key Points• Anaemia is associated with higher disease activity and more severely impaired physical function, mobility and quality of life in axSpA.• Anaemia does not provide an additional value to ASDAS for prediction of spinal radiographic progression.
Deep Ensembles Are Robust to Occasional Catastrophic Failures of Individual DNNs for Organs Segmentations in CT Images
Authors: Petrov Yury , Malik Bilal , Fredrickson Jill , Jemaa Skander , Carano Richard A. D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeep neural networks (DNNs) have recently showed remarkable performance in various computer vision tasks, including classification and segmentation of medical images. Deep ensembles (an aggregated prediction of multiple DNNs) were shown to improve a DNN’s performance in various classification tasks. Here we explore how deep ensembles perform in the image segmentation task, in particular, organ segmentations in CT (Computed Tomography) images. Ensembles of V-Nets were trained to segment multiple organs using several in-house and publicly available clinical studies. The ensembles segmentations were tested on images from a different set of studies, and the effects of ensemble size as well as other ensemble parameters were explored for various organs. Compared to single models, Deep Ensembles significantly improved the average segmentation accuracy, especially for those organs where the accuracy was lower. More importantly, Deep Ensembles strongly reduced occasional “catastrophic” segmentation failures characteristic of single models and variability of the segmentation accuracy from image to image. To quantify this we defined the “high risk images”: images for which at least one model produced an outlier metric (performed in the lower 5% percentile). These images comprised about 12% of the test images across all organs. Ensembles performed without outliers for 68%–100% of the “high risk images” depending on the performance metric used.
An evolution of low-field strength MRI
Authors: Hennig Juergen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe paper describes the evolution of low-field MRI from the very early pioneering days in the late 70 s until today. It is not meant to give a comprehensive historical account of the development of MRI, but rather to highlight the different research environments then and now. In the early 90 s, when low-field systems below 1.5 T essentially vanished, there were just no reasonable means available to make up for the factor of roughly three in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) between 0.5 and 1.5 T. This has drastically changed. Improvements in hardware—closed Helium-free magnets, RF receiver systems and especially much faster gradients, much more flexible sampling schemes including parallel imaging and compressed sensing and especially the use of AI at all stages of the imaging process have made low-field MRI a clinically viable supplement to conventional MRI. Ultralow-field MRI with magnets around 0.05 T are also back and constitute a bold and courageous endeavor to bring MRI to communities, which have neither the means nor the infrastructure to sustain a current standard of care MRI.
The Buddy intervention: designing an additional support system for the last year of life. Qualitative insights from triangulated interviews and focus group discussions
Authors: Kasdorf Alina , Voltz Raymond , Strupp Julia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aim
Health and social care structures available for the last year of life care are still not always adequately used. Palliative care, for instance, is still provided late in the disease course, contradicting early integration. We therefore aim to define elements of a possible complementary support concept based on specific experience to help facilitate death at home.

Subject/methods
Qualitative triangulation of data was conducted from countrywide individual interviews (patients and relatives, n = 45) and focus group discussions (health and social care professionals, n = 22), in Germany. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed within a framework analysis. Using Bradshaw’s sociological construct of needs, qualitative data sequences were converted into needs and sorted by the theory of social support.

Results
Informants described having needs in emotional, informational, appraisal, and instrumental dimensions. Unmet needs for information were frequently reported, affecting all other need dimensions. To address these concerns, informants expressed a need for someone proactively providing emotional, appraisal, and instrumental support, such as organizing respite support, giving feedback on care provision, and validating caring relatives.

Conclusion
We assume an impact of insufficient information about care options on instrumental, emotional, and appraisal needs and help-seeking actions, increasing the risk of inpatient death. Proactive support is required to address patients’ and families’ needs, connecting the existing care structures. A “buddy” for the last phase of life serving as a low-threshold contact person with real-time knowledge to support patients and families could be one model to support and guide patients and their families and enable dying at home, if possible.
Design Elements of Conflict: A Design Study of a Gamified Smartphone Application for Employee Onboarding
Authors: Palmquist Adam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGamification, the use of game-like elements in non-game contexts, has gained popularity in the field of human resources. However, little research has been conducted on the use of gamification in the employee onboarding process, specifically in terms of socializing and assimilating new employees into an organization. This study aimed to explore the design, development, and implementation of a gamified smartphone application for employee onboarding in a manufacturing company. Ethnographic data was collected over the course of 60 weeks through participation at various field sites and analyzed using thematical analysis with a human-centered design focus, examining the meaning attributed to the gamified application by different stakeholders within the organization. The results showed that different stakeholder groups attributed different and sometimes conflicting meanings to various design elements. The key finding was the identification of four bipolar design dimensions that both supported and hindered the design among stakeholders. These findings have both academic and practical implications for the design of future gamified employee onboarding tools in large enterprises.
How Azide Ion/Hydrazoic Acid Passes Through Biological Membranes: An Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Hartl Simona Lojevec , Žakelj Simon , Dolenc Marija Sollner , Smrkolj Vladimir , Mavri Janez 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydrazoic acid (HN3) and its deprotonated form azide ion (N3−) (AHA) are toxic because they inhibit the cytochrome c oxidase complex IV (CoX IV) embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that forms part of the enzyme complexes involved in cellular respiration. Critical to its toxicity is the inhibition of CoX IV in the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Hydrazoic acid is an ionizable species and its affinity for membranes, and the associated permeabilities, depend on the pH values of aqueous media on both sides of the membranes. In this article, we address the permeability of AHA through the biological membrane. In order to understand the affinity of the membrane for the neutral and ionized form of azide, we measured the octanol/water partition coefficients at pH values of 2.0 and 8.0, which are 2.01 and 0.00034, respectively. Using a Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) experiment, we measured the effective permeability through the membrane, which is logPe − 4.97 and − 5.26 for pH values of 7.4 and pH 8.0, respectively. Experimental permeability was used to validate theoretical permeability, which was estimated by numerically solving a Smoluchowski equation for AHA diffusion through the membrane. We demonstrated that the rate of permeation through the cell membrane of 8.46·104 s−1 is much higher than the rate of the chemical step of CoX IV inhibition by azide of 200 s−1. The results of this study show that transport through the membrane does not represent the rate-limiting step and therefore does not control the rate of CoX IV inhibition in the mitochondria. However, the observed dynamics of azide poisoning is controlled by circulatory transport that takes place on a time scale of minutes.