bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
15N labeling technology reveals enhancement of nitrogen uptake and transfer by root interaction in cotton/soybean intercropping
Authors: Jing Bo , Shi Wenjuan , Wang Han , Lin Fengmei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundBiological nitrogen fixation in legumes and their transfer of nitrogen to non‐legumes in legume/non‐legume intercropping systems are considered to be important for the improvement of productivity. However, research on interspecific interaction and root nitrogen transfer in cotton/soybean intercropping systems has rarely been undertaken. In this study, the roots of cotton and soybean were separated with either complete root barriers (CB), using plastic film, or semi‐root barriers (SB), using nylon net. No root barrier (NB) was used as the control.ResultsThe results showed that cotton produced more above‐ground dry matter (DM) than soybean. The above‐ground DM and nitrogen uptake of cotton was greatest with the NB treatment. The above‐ground DM and nitrogen uptake of soybean was greatest with the CB treatment. At the harvest stage, the nitrogen transfer rate from soybean to cotton was 22.47% with the SB treatment and 40.41% with the NB treatment. Interspecific root interaction increased the nitrogen transfer amount, especially for the cotton roots in the 0–15 cm soil layer and for the soybean roots in the 0–30 cm soil layer. The root distribution of soybean was the key factor affecting nitrogen transfer amount, and nitrogen transfer amount was the key factor affecting nitrogen uptake of cotton in the cotton/soybean intercropping system.ConclusionThese results indicated that nitrogen transfer from soybean to cotton through root interaction improved cotton above‐ground DM and nitrogen uptake. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Association between sarcopenia and postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal or hepato–pancreatico–biliary cancer
Authors: Nagarajan Ganesh , Doshi Pratik , Bardeskar Nikhil S. , Kulkarni Aniruddha , Punamiya Aditya , Tongaonkar Hemant 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDespite surgical advances, postoperative complications persist, affecting oncologic outcomes and increasing treatment costs. It is important to identify a marker that can predict postoperative complications, which can help prehabilitate patients before surgery. This study evaluated sarcopenia as a predictive marker of postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal (GI) or hepato–pancreatico–biliary (HPB) cancer.MethodsSarcopenia was assessed using the skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra on abdominal computed tomography. The predictive ability of sarcopenia was evaluated by adjusting for other clinicopathological factors.ResultsOf the 210 patients, 81 (38.57%) were sarcopenic. The overall morbidity and mortality were 33.81% and 2.86%, respectively. Major complications (Clavien–Dindo Grade ≥ III) were observed in 10.95% patients and sarcopenic patients were significantly more likely to develop major complications (p = 1.42 × 10−10). Sarcopenia (p = 6.13 × 10−6; odds ratio = 12.29) independently predicted postoperative complications and prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.01).ConclusionSarcopenia objectively predicted the development of postoperative complications and prolonged hospital stay in patients undergoing surgery for GI or HPB cancer. This may facilitate the prehabilitation of patients planned for surgery to reduce the risk of complications.
Microplastic ingestion by deep‐pelagic crustaceans and fishes
Authors: Bos Ryan P. , Zhao Shiye , Sutton Tracey T. , Frank Tamara M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA size‐selective loss of smaller microplastics (< 1 mm) from surface pelagic waters has been reported, yet few surveys have studied biological ingestion by deep‐pelagic organisms as a sink for the “missing” plastic. Here, 557 individuals representing 35 species of vertically migrating and nonmigrating mesopelagic crustaceans and fishes were collected in the Gulf of Mexico from discrete‐depth intervals (0–200 m; 200–600 m; 600–1000 m; 1000–1200 m; 1200–1500 m) and analyzed for microplastic ingestion. We observed that 29% and 26% of crustacean and fish individuals, respectively, ingested microplastics, with an average plastic length of 0.59 ± 0.2 mm. A subsample of ingested polymers was identified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, revealing that alkyd resin (density 1.6 g cm−3) and cellophane (density 1.42 g cm−3) were mainly consumed. Our data indicate that nonmigratory crustaceans had significantly higher levels of microplastic ingestion than migratory crustaceans at all depths available for comparison. While migratory fishes ingested microplastics at higher frequencies (0.28) than nonmigratory fishes (0.23), the frequency of microplastic ingestion by nonmigratory fishes increased with depth and was highest at depths of 1200–1500 m (0.40). Paired with the data for crustaceans, these observations suggest that plastic ingestion may be higher at deeper depths. Feeding strategy also appeared correlated to microplastic ingestion, as species that rely on gelatinous materials and marine snow for energy had the highest levels of ingestion. Altogether, our data highlight a largely undescribed temporary reservoir and implicate important biological transport pathways for the smaller plastic size fractions in the open ocean.
The distal femoral epiphysis used as a fetal maturity marker: Implications of extant medical data for bioarcheological analysis
Authors: Partiot Caroline , Santos Frédéric , Niel Mélissa , Delteil Clémence , Lesieur Emmanuelle , Chaumoitre Kathia , Piercecchi Marie‐Dominique , Adalian Pascal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe distal epiphysis of the femur is classically reported as a marker of fetal maturity and is thus identified in a bioarcheological context as an indicator that an individual died at or around the time of birth; it thus provides crucial information in the creation of the biological profile and associated burial practices. The aim of the present study was to re‐evaluate this use by investigating an extant sample to assess (i) the age‐related frequencies of both distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses and (ii) the influence of factors such as sex, vitality, and morbidity on the maturation of both epiphyses. The study was conducted on medical CT scans acquired in utero and ex utero between 2008 and 2017 in the hospital of Marseille (France). The final sample included 248 individuals aged between 26 and 42 completed gestational weeks (GW). Based on the results obtained in this study, 11% of the individuals from the sample aged between 26 and 33 completed GW had already developed a distal femoral epiphysis, whereas individuals aged between 38 and 42 GW had already developed both femoral and tibial epiphyses. According to these observations and current obstetrical practice, this maturation indicator cannot therefore be considered a precise estimator of whether a fetus is at term or not in an archeological context. Similarly, no delayed ossification was found among individuals who did not survive to 42 GW, or among those with severe developmental abnormalities, which does not support the hypothesis that delayed epiphysis maturation of the distal femur may be a morbidity marker for this age group in past populations.
Global benefits and domestic costs of a cooperative surveillance strategy to control transboundary crop pathogens
Authors: Radici Andrea , Martinetti Davide , Bevacqua Daniele 
Published: May 2023

Societal Impact StatementSurveillance of plant pathogens is usually designed according to country boundaries. Benefits of a global surveillance system to tackle long‐distance dispersed crop pathogens are unquantified. Here, a ‘non‐cooperative’ and a ‘cooperative’ strategy are compared in terms of minimizing the surveillance effort to achieve given domestic and global targets. Although a ‘cooperative’ strategy is always more suitable, impacts of its adoption are not equally distributed among countries. Medium‐sized countries in central Europe and Asia would benefit the most from reducing the domestic effort, whereas others would need to deploy more sentinels than they would place in their own interests.Summary

Transboundary diseases are extremely complex to control and can cause global socio‐economic damage. In the context of crop protection, surveillance strategies are usually designed according to country boundaries, regardless of the spatial scale of the spread of the disease.
In this study, we investigate the suitability of this scale for surveilling long‐distance dispersed pathogens. We use an epidemic network describing worldwide potential transport of Puccinia graminis, the causal agent of stem rust of wheat, modelled in a previous work. Based on network properties, we conceive two strategies for prioritizing areas to be monitored for the presence of the disease, either cooperative or each country alone, and we compare their performances in terms of minimizing the effort deployed in achieving given surveillance targets at global and domestic level.
We find that a cooperative strategy is more efficient at the global scale. However, its adoption implies a heterogeneous geographic distribution of surveillance effort‐related costs and benefits. Medium‐sized countries in central Europe and Asia would benefit the most; on the other hand, countries placed in important spreading pathways should deploy more surveillance effort than they would place without cooperation. Among the major wheat producers, China is the only country that may have a cost from a cooperative strategy, whereas India, Russia, the United States, France and Ukraine would have the most benefits.
The acknowledgement of how costs and benefits of a global governance would be shared among countries is needed to gain unanimous support for an international cooperative surveillance system.
Dynamics of pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) immigration and colonization of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in Europe
Authors: Bick Emily , Sigsgaard Lene , Torrance Martin T , Helmreich Salena , Still Laurence , Beck Brittany , El Rashid Rami , Lemmich Jesper , Nikolajsen Thomas , Cook Samantha M 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding the dynamics of pest immigration into an agroecosystem enables effective and timely management strategies. The pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) is a primary pest of the inflorescence stages of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). This study investigated the spatial and temporal dynamics of pollen beetle immigration into oilseed rape fields in Denmark and the UK using multiple methods, including optical sensors.RESULTSIn all fields, pollen beetles were found to be aggregated and beetle density was related to plant growth stage, with more beetles occurring on plants after the budding stage than before inflorescence development. Optical sensors were the most efficient monitoring method, recording pollen beetles 2 and 4 days ahead of water traps and counts from plant scouting, respectively.CONCLUSIONOptical sensors are a promising tool for early warning of insect pest immigration. The aggregation pattern of pollen beetles post immigration could be used to precisely target control in oilseed rape crops. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The cholinergic pathway transmits signals of neuropeptide F to regulate feeding of Ostrinia furnacalis larvae
Authors: Jiang Xuemin , Shi Jian , Yang Haoran , Zhao Zhangwu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundFeeding is the basis of animal survival and reproduction. In insects, the neuropeptide F (NPF), a homologous polypeptide of NPY in vertebrates, plays an important role in regulation of feeding behavior. However, relatively little has been known about the molecular mechanism of feeding.ResultsIn this study, we show that the cholinergic pathway is very important in signaling transmission of NPF feeding regulation in Ostrinia furnacalis larvae, in which the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vAChT) in presynaptic membrane and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in postsynaptic membrane are positively regulated by NPF, while the ace1 and ace2 encoding the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are negatively regulated by NPF, leading to a balance of acetylcholine (ACh)‐the excitatory transmitter. More, the cholinergic pathway further transmits signaling to the downstream pathways of the phosphoInositide‐3 kinase (PI3K) and the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB), respectively.ConclusionThe cholinergic transmission, positively regulated by NPF, is involved in feeding of O. furnacalis larvae via downstream PI3K and the CREB pathways, respectively. The deexcitation of cell cholinergic pathway or inhibition of PI3K and CREB lead to decreases of larval feeding amount. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The gut microbiome of Helicoverpa armigera enhances immune response to baculovirus infection via suppression of Duox‐mediated reactive oxygen species
Authors: Tian Zhiqiang , Guo Xi , Michaud JP , Zha Meng , Zhu Lin , Liu Xiaoming , Liu Xiaoxia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBaculoviruses such as Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) infect their lepidopteran hosts via the larval midgut where they interact with host immune responses and gut microbiota. Here we demonstrate that gut microbiota proliferating in response to HearNPV infection promote larval immune responses which impede the infection process.RESULTSThe microbial load of the larval midgut increased following HearNPV infection, due primarily to increases in Enterococcus spp., whereas most other bacterial genera declined, with Firmicutes replacing Proteobacteria as the dominant phylum. Injection of abdominal prolegs of infected larvae with H2O2 promoted viral infection, diminished microbial abundance, and accelerated larval death, mimicking the effects of HearNPV infection, which up‐regulated dual oxidase (Duox) expression, increasing H2O2 levels in the midgut. Knockdown of Duox with RNAi reduced H2O2 production in the guts of infected larvae, increased bacterial loads, decreased viral replication, and improved larval survival. Germ‐free larvae were more susceptible to HearNPV than control larvae, exhibiting greater expression of Duox, higher levels of H2O2, and lower survival. Replenishment of gut bacteria in germ‐free larvae restored the base‐line immunity to HearNPV observed in normal larvae. Enterococcus spp., Levilactobacillus brevis, and Lactobacillus sp. bacteria were isolated and implicated in immunity restoration via replenishment in germ‐free larvae.CONCLUSIONThese findings illuminate how gut microbiota play important roles in larval defense against oral baculovirus infection, and suggest novel avenues of investigation to enhance the efficacy of baculoviruses and improve control of lepidopteran pests. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Antibacterial mechanism of the novel antimicrobial peptide Jelleine‐Ic and its efficacy in controlling Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Wang Lifang , Tang Wei , Xing Yue , Liu Pu , Dang Xiangli 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) poses a severe threat to kiwifruit production. Because of the insufficient efficacy and environmental safety of available treatments, novel antibacterial agents should be urgently developed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be used as antimicrobials for disease control. In this study, we designed a novel AMP, Jelleine‐Ic, and evaluated its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action against Psa.RESULTSJelleine‐Ic with a half‐maximal effective concentration of 1.67 μg/mL exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than did parent Jelleine‐I. Jelleine‐Ic targeted the Psa membrane, increased membrane permeabilization and dissipated membrane potential, resulting in calcium leakage. Electron microscopy revealed that Jelleine‐Ic disrupted cell morphology and caused intracellular alterations. Moreover, this AMP penetrated the cell membrane, bound to DNA, and reduced the expression of genes related to DNA replication and repair. Jelleine‐Ic also reduced esterase activity and induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. This peptide inhibited the development of Psa canker. The control efficiency of Jelleine‐Ic against Psa in the leaf discs and leaves of kiwifruit was 81.83% and 70.53%, respectively, which was superior to that of the commercial agricultural streptomycin. Furthermore, Jelleine‐Ic upregulated the expression of kiwifruit defense genes (PR‐10 and WRKY70a).CONCLUSIONJelleine‐Ic effectively controls Psa in vitro and in vivo, and may be developed as a bactericide for plant disease control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Adsorption properties of black phosphorene for actinides U, Th, and Pu: A first‐principles study
Authors: Wu Feihong , Tang Xian , Cheng Guodong , Tan Jie , Zhang Yang , Zhou Nan , Liang Jinting 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out in this work to systematically investigate the adsorption properties of monolayer black phosphorene (BP) for actinide uranium (U), thorium (Th), and plutonium (Pu) atoms. More specifically, the linear response method was used and the HubbardUvalues of 2.97 and 2.61 eV were fitted describing the strong lattice point Coulomb interactions of the U and Pu 5forbitals, respectively. From the DFT + Ucalculations, it was demonstrated that the U, Th, and Pu atoms can be favorably adsorbed on the hollow sites of the BP surface, with an adsorption energy of 3.48, 4.93, and 0.98 eV, respectively. By analyzing the electronic structure, charge transfer, and highest occupied molecular orbital, it was revealed that the U and Th adatoms can induce the generation of impurity states within the band gap of BP and stabilize their adsorption by strongp‐dcoupling with the phosphorus atoms. In addition, from the electron–phonon coupling calculations, it was revealed that the temperature for the stable adsorption of the U and Th adatoms can reach as high as 500 and 673 K. By using the adsorption rate equation, the critical temperature for the adsorption–desorption transition of U and Pu adatoms was estimated to be 632 and 185 K, respectively, while the Th adatom did not tend to desorb. Our results clearly indicate that BP is an ideal adsorption and separation material for actinides with promising potential applications, such as uranium extraction from seawater.
Challenges for sustainability: misperceptions and misleading advice
Authors: Moxnes Erling 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo ensure sustainable development, governments depend on informed decision‐makers including the electorates. Previous studies show evidence of widespread and systematic misperceptions, voter ignorance, and reliance on inappropriate cognitive heuristics. The wait and see heuristic is one such trusted heuristic that is used repeatedly and with minimal effort. When applied to the management of dynamically complex renewable resources, it leads to overinvestment and resource depletion. On the optimistic side, a laboratory experiment finds that proactive expert advice counteracts the wait and see heuristic and contributes to sustainability. However, when expert advice is challenged by misleading advice that supports the wait and see heuristic, most of the positive effect of the expert advice disappears. The experiment generalizes to a large number of sustainability problems. Different from fake news that can be corrected by simple facts, misperceptions and misleading advice call for extraordinary information policies and deliberative democracy. © 2023 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Vanadium‐Incorporated Mesoporous Silica as Oxidase Mimic for Colorimetric Dopamine Detection and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Biswas Rima , Ghosh Debojit , Dasgupta Shalini , Bhaduri Samanka Narayan , Banerjee Rumeli , Datta Pallab , Biswas Papu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe intriguing features of artificial enzymes made nanozymes attractive in the field of biosensing and biomedical. Here, vanadium‐incorporated dendritic mesoporous silica (VMSN) as an oxidase mimicking nanozyme was utilized as a sensitive and selective colorimetric biosensor to detect dopamine (DA) and treat cancer cells. The nanozyme was successfully fabricated through the in‐situ incorporation of vanadium ions in the silica framework via a simple sol‐gel method using CTAB and mesitylene. The excellent oxidase‐like activity of VMSN was monitored by the oxidation of TMB. The kinetics, mechanism of the catalytic reaction and the effect of temperature, pH, and concentration on oxidase‐like activity were investigated thoroughly and further, based on the oxidase‐like activity, a fast and sensitive colorimetric sensing of dopamine developed with a LOD of 0.0021 μM and a linear range of 0–50 μM. The proposed colorimetric method was successfully used to determine DA concentration in commercially available dopamine hydrochloride injection.VMSN was further modified with folic acid and utilized against cancer cells in vitro. Neuroblastoma cells (SHSY‐5Y) show ROS generated by VMSN in the presence of oxygen, leading to enhanced cytotoxicity detrimental for SHSY‐5Y cells.
Screening and Study of Aptamer Based on Gastric Cancer Cell Culture Medium
Authors: Qiaomei Ji , Ming Shi , Jian Li , Huaqing Sun , Jian Li , Zhiwei Liu , Kun Li 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGastric Cancer (GC) is one of the fifth most malignant tumors in the world and the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. At present, one of the methods to diagnose gastric cancer patients is screening for gastric cancer tumor markers. However, the specificity and detection rate of existing tumor markers are low. Aptamer, also known as chemical antibody, is a kind of single‐stranded oligonucleotide (DNA or RNA) obtained by SELEX. It is widely used in the diagnosis of new diseases and as a molecular probe for treatment. This study used Med‐SELEX technology, using agarose magnetic beads as the carrier, and cancer culture medium as the screening target. APT‐1 specific to gastric cancer cell culture medium was screened out from random library through q‐PCR real‐time monitoring and screening process, and its affinity and specificity for gastric cancer serum were verified by subsequent q‐PCR and quantum dot methods. Serum stability test and cytotoxicity test proved its practicability. APT‐1 is not only of great significance for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer and the construction of targeted drug delivery system for gastric cancer, but also may be used as a probe to discover new tumor markers for gastric cancer.
Performance of Functionals and Basis Sets in Calculating Redox Potentials of Nitrile Alkenes and Aromatic Molecules using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Duque‐Prata Amílcar , Pinto Tiago B. , Serpa Carlos , Caridade Pedro J. S. B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo calculate redox potentials of small organic compounds in acetonitrile, the performance of different functionals and basis sets has been evaluated using density functional theory with the polarized continuum model. Several Pople and Ahlrichs basis sets and functionals at distinct levels of the Jacob's Ladder have been studied: PW91, PBE, M06‐L, B3LYP, PBE0, M06‐2X, CAM‐B3LYP, ωB97X‐D3, RI‐B2PLYP. It is shown that redox studies should not be done considering oxidation and reduction potentials jointly but analyzing them separately. Functional M06‐2X has a more consistent and uniform response both in reductions and oxidations, having an adequate balance between accuracy and computational effort. Linear dependence between the basis set size and the accuracy of the calculated redox potential has not been found.