bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct demonstration of specific suppressor T cells in the mice tolerant to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide: two-step requirement for development of detectable suppressor cells.
Authors: Braley-Mullen H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells from CAF1 mice made tolerant to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (S3) with S3 coupled to syngeneic spleen cells (S3-SC) develop S3-specific suppressor T cells (Ts). These Ts could be demonstrated consistently only when spleen cells from tolerant mice were cultured in vitro with the specific antigen and the specific tolerogen. Spleen cells from normal mice cultured under the same conditions did not suppress the antibody response to S3. When different numbers of Ts were transferred to normal CAF1 mice, an unusual dose-effect pattern was observed. Maximal suppression of the S3 response occurred when relatively low numbers of Ts, 3 to 30 x 10(5) per recipient, were transferred, whereas larger numbers of cells, 150 x 10(5) per recipient, were not suppressive. These results indicate that a presumably T-independent antigen, S3, can activate antigen-specific Ts. These Ts exhibit unusual dose effects upon transfer and require both an in vivo induction period and in vitro activation for development of maximal activity. These latter observations suggest that S3 may activate a different population of T cells with suppressor function than do conventional T-dependent antigens. The loss of suppression observed when greater than optimal numbers of cells were transferred suggests that a second type of T cell, which has the ability to 'neutralize' the activity of S3-specific Ts, is also induced in the same spleen cell population.
Characterization of mouse helper and suppressor T cell subsets separated by lectins.
Authors: Nakano T , Imai Y , Naiki M , Osawa T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Concanavalin A (Con A)-activated cells were fractionated by separating cells that agglutinate with peanut agglutinin (PNA) which binds preferentially to the sugar sequence beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAc. PNA-agglutinable cells were found to exert a significant suppressor effect on the primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells, whereas PNA-nonagglutinable cells did not affect the antibody response. It was also found that PNA-agglutinable suppressor cells were sensitive to treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 and complement (C), anti-I-J antiserum and complement, and anti-Ly 2.2 antiserum and complement. These results suggest that the PNA-agglutinable suppressor cells, separated from Con A-activated cells, were T cells and that these suppressor T cells possess abundant beta-galactosyl residues exposed on the cell surface, not masked by sialyl residues. Furthermore, it was found that antigen-specific suppressor cells were also separable by use of the agglutinability with PNA. The PNA-agglutinable suppressor T cell activity was eliminated by treatment of the Con A-activated PNA-agglutinable cells with anti-asialo GM1 and complement, anti-Forssman antiserum and complement, and anti-globoside antiserum and complement, but not by treatment with anti-GM1 antiserum and complement. Conversely, the helper T cell activity that was induced by Lens culinalis agglutinin and separated by Limulus polyphemus agglutinin, was eliminated by treatment of the cells with anti-GM1 and complement, but not by the treatment with the other anti-glycolipid antisera and complement.
The use of a clonal assay for cytotoxic T lymphocytes to determine the Ly phenotypes of the cytotoxic precursor and effector cells to alloantigens and trinitrophenyl-modified self antigens.
Authors: Teh H S , Teh S J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Considerable controversy has arisen regarding the Ly phenotypes of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and their precursors (CLP) to alloantigens and modified-self antigens. Although there is general agreement that all CTL and their pregenitors express the Ly2 alloantigen, the presence of the LY1 alloantigen on either CTL or CLP is debated. Clonal assays for CLP, capable of detecting single CLP in the absence of accessory cells, have recently been developed. This assay system provides a sensitive means of determining the Ly phenotypes of CLP to alloantigens or trinitrophenyl- (TNP) modified self antigens. Lymph node cells from C57BL/6 (Ly-1.2, 2.2, 3.2) or CBA (Ly-1.1, 2.1, 3.2) mice were treated with anti-Ly serum and complement (C), and the frequencies of CLP of the treated populations to alloantigens or TNP-modified self antigens were determined. We found that the number of CLP reactive to alloantigens or TNP-modified self antigens were greatly reduced after treatment with either anti-Ly-1 or anti-Ly-2 serum and C in both C57BL/6 and CBA mice. In other words, the CLP to alloantigens or TNP-modified self antigens in these 2 strains of mice are Ly 1+2+. We also found that the CTL derived from the Ly1+2+ CLP were also Ly1+2+. The significance of this finding with respect to the cytotoxic repertoire for alloantigens and modified self antigens is discussed.
Different stimulating capacity of B and T lymphocytes in primary and secondary allogeneic reactions: cellular detection of HLA-D products on T lymphocytes.
Authors: Wollman E E , Cohen D , Fradelizi D , Sasportes M , Dausset J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present study was undertaken to define the best way to produce and to test primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) cells using B- and T-enriched lymphocyte suspensions. Intrafamilial PLT cells were produced with primed unseparated and T purified lymphocytes against haplo-identical donors' T and B cells. These PLT cells were then restimulated with a panel of related or unrelated individuals' T and B cells and with allogeneic in vitro activated T cells. The best discrimination was obtained when PLT reagents, regardless of the production method, were restimulated by a B-enriched population of peripheral lymphocytes. Furthermore, the results have shown that enriched primed or unprimed T cell suspensions stimulated by enriched T lymphocytes did not give any proliferation. Experiments performed to explain the results led us to distinguish 2 different phenomena: in primary cultures, the addition of monocytes autologous to the responder cell restored the proliferation of enriched T cells stimulated by T lymphocytes. In secondary cultures, the addition of monocytes autologous to the PLT cell did not restore the proliferation of PLT lymphocytes stimulated by enriched T cells. This was shown to be due to the lack of Dr antigen on the stimulating cell: if allogeneically activated T cells were used as stimulating lymphocytes, a DR-specific proliferative response appeared. This correlates with serologic findings were DR determinants are found on activated T cells and not on unprimed T lymphocytes. However, this difference might be only quantitative, since peripheral lymphocytes could be primed by T cells and be DR specifically restimulated.
Ly 9, an alloantigenic marker of lymphocyte differentiation.
Authors: Mathieson B J , Sharrow S O , Bottomly K , Fowlkes B J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new lymphocyte cell surface alloantigen, provisionally designated Ly 9, is detected by flow microfluorometry(FMF), as an extra specificity in sera from anti-Lyt immunizations. Ly 9.2, one of the allelic specificities, commonly is detected as a unique immunofluorescence profile of thymocytes with anti-Lyt 3.1 sera. The alternative antigenic specificity, Ly 9.1, can be detected routinely in antisera prepared against Lyt 2.1 and Lyt 3.2. This lymphocyte alloantigen has both a unique strain and cell/tissue distribution. Quantitative measurement of Ly 9 immunofluorescence by FMF on heterozygote cells shows that Ly 9 antigen expression is co-dominant and reduced in levels relative to parental homozygote cells. Ly 9 is expressed on all thymocytes, peripheral lymphocytes, and on a subpopulation of cells in the bone marrow. This antigen is not expressed to any significant degree on erythrocytes, epidermal cells, sperm, or in suspensions of testis, brain, kidney, liver, or lung. FMF analysis and absorption typing reveals a quantitatively lower level of antigen expression on thymocytes compared with spleen or lymph node cells. Cytotoxic elimination experiments confirm that Ly 9 is expressed on at least 2 different T cell functional subsets and B cells.
A monoclonal antibody (TA-1) reactive with human T lymphocytes and monocytes.
Authors: LeBien T W , Kersey J H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Several monoclonal antibodies were produced against the human T lymphocyte leukemia cell line HSB-2 by fusing spleen cells from hyperimmune mice with NS-1 myeloma cells. One clone, designated TA-1, was initially characterized for reactivity with normal and leukemic human hematopoietic cells. Using indirect immunofluorescence, TA-1 was shown to bind to approximately 75% of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Enrichment for T and B lymphocytes followed by double fluorochrome labeling studies revealed that most if not all E+ T lymphocytes and approximately 10% of B lymphocytes were TA-1+. TA-1 also reacted with approximately 67% of thymocytes, mixed lymphocyte culture-activated T lymphocytes, the entire peripheral blood monocyte population, and approximately 13% of nucleated bone marrow cells. TA-1+ cells in bone marrow included both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. TA-1 did not bind to peripheral blood granulocytes, red blood cells, or platelets. Studies of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) revealed that 6 of 11 T-ALL and 1 of 21 E-, SIg--ALL were TA-1+, whereas cells from 10 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were TA-1-. Interestingly, TA-1 was able to distinguish acute myelomonocytic leukemic cells (TA-1+) from acute myelocytic leukemic cells (TA-1-). In summary, these studies demonstrate the existence of determinant recognized by TA-1 that is primarily expressed on cells of T lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophage lineage.
Cell-mediated immunity to non-HLA antigens of the host by donor lymphocytes in patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease.
Authors: Tsoi M S , Storb R , Dobbs S , Medill L , Thomas E D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Forty-four patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia were given marrow grafts from siblings selected on the basis of HLA-A and -B identity and mutual nonreactivity of their lymphocytes in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). Twenty-two to 1089 days after grafting, their lymphocytes (of donor origin) were tested for reactivity in MLC to lymphocytes from the host (cryopreserved before grafting), the marrow donor, and unrelated individuals. Lymphocytes from 14 of 22 long-term survivors with chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) showed unidirectional reactivity in response to host lymphocytes manifested as high stimulation indices (SI) and high relative responses (RR). Lymphocytes from only 1 of 12 long-term survivors without chronic GVHD showed unidirectional reactivity to host lymphocytes. Statistical analysis showed that lymphocytes from patients with chronic GVHD displayed anti-host responses that were significantly higher than those of lymphocytes from either marrow donors (p &lt; 0.001) or patients without GVHD (p = 0.03). Lymphocytes from 5 patients with and 5 without acute GVHD, tested shortly after marrow grafting, failed to show responses to host cells. The results are consistent with a participation of cell-mediated immunity of graft against host in chronic GVHD.
Evidence for the cellular origin of Gross virus-induced leukemia in the rat: description of a unique LDH isozyme sub-band in leukemic lymphoid cells and lymphohemopoietic precursor cells.
Authors: Barton R W , Tausche F , Goldschneider I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neoplastic thymocytes from rat thymic lymphoma-leukemias induced by the rat-adapted Gross-leukemia virus (RAGV) were analyzed for a variety of differentiation markers to define their differentiation state and possible cellular origin. A majority of thymocytes from leukemic rats had the phenotypic characteristics of subcapsular cortical thymocytes that are the most ancestral of the thymocytes. These cells exhibited readily detectable levels of Thy-1 and histocompatibility antigens on their surfaces, they contained terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and they contained low adenosine deaminase (ADA) and high purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) specific activity. The leukemic thymocytes also contained a sub-band of the LDH-5 isozyme (LDH-5') that was not detected in normal thymocytes but that was present in lymphocyte-rich fractions of postnatal bone marrow, fetal and prepubertal spleen, and fetal and neonatal liver. The tissue distribution and ontogeny of LDH-5'-containing cells is similar to prethymic TdT+ cells in the rat and both TdT and LDH-5' are enriched in a subset of bone marrow "null" cells. These results suggest that TdT+ thymocyte progenitors or their precursors are the targets of leukemic transformation of RAGV.
Selective depletion of human natural killer cells on monolayers of target cells.
Authors: Phillips W H , Ortaldo J R , Herberman R B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The specificity of human natural killer (NK) cells recently has been evaluated by examining direct cytotoxic reactions against a variety of target cells and by cold target inhibition assays. Although these studies have provided evidence for the multiplicity of NK antigens, they did not indicate whether NK cells were heterogeneous, with subpopulations recognizing different specificities. We have examined this issue by using a tumor cell-monolayer adsorption technique that allowed the removal of NK-reactive cells by adsorption to monolayers of various NK-sensitive target cells. After depletion of cells capable of binding to a particular monolayer, the remaining cells were tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of 5 target cells. With several donors, the monolayers were effective in depleting most or all reactivity against the same target cell but only removed a portion of reactivity against some other target cells. The patterns of reactivity after adsorption, although varying among the donors, were consistent upon repeat testing of the same donor. To account for the reactivities of the various donors that remained after adsorption, it was necessary to postulate at least 7 antigenic specificities. These results indicate that human NK cells may be heterogeneous, with each subpopulation recognizing different antigenic specificities on target cells.
Cell surface DNA in immunosuppression in AKR leukemia.
Authors: Russell J L , Golub E S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells from leukemic AKR mice contain nonspecific T suppressor cells that suppress the in vitro anti-SRBC responses of normal AKR spleen cells. The suppression is abrogated by pretreatment of the leukemic cells with DNase. Cells with surface DNA can be enriched by treatment with anti-DNA antibodies and removed on anti-Ig columns. Even though there is a 10-fold enrichment in suppression by the surface DNA-positive cells (DNA+), the depleted population (DNA-) still suppresses with an efficiency comparable to the unfractionated spleen cells. Pretreatment with anti-I-J antiserum and separation on columns neither enriches nor depletes suppressor cells. Fractionating leukemic spleen into 4 populations of cells by sequential treatment with anti-DNA and anti-I-J with separation on appropriate columns, resulting in 4 populations (DNA+/I-J-, DNA+/I-J+, DNA-/I-J+, and DNA-/K-J-), revealed that the DNA+/I-J- cells that comprise ca. 15% of the total are the most potent suppressors. The DNA+/I-J+ cells that comprise ca. 2% of the cells are less efficient and their suppression is not sensitive to DNase. The DNA-/I-J+ population (ca. 10% of the total) are also poor suppressors. The remaining cells, which are DNA-/I-J-, do not act as suppressors. When small numbers of any 2 of the 4 fractions were added together, it was found that the DNA+/I-J- cell can interact with the DNA+/I-J+ and the DNA-/I-J+ cells but not the DNA-/I-J- cells to give enhanced suppression.
T lymphocytes in colostrum and peripheral blood differ in their capacity to form thermostable E-rosettes.
Authors: Richie E R , Steinmetz K D , Meistrich M L , Ramirez I , Hilliard J K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The cellular population of human breast milk collected within 5 days postpartum consists primarily of lipid laden polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, whereas lymphocytes comprise &lt; 10% of the total cells. A discontinuous density gradient technique was developed to obtain highly enriched (75 +/- 6%) fractions of milk lymphocytes. The majority of milk lymphocytes are T cells as determined by their capacity to form rosettes at 4 degrees C with sheep erythrocytes (E). The lymphocytic origin of the rosetted cells was confirmed by morphologic evaluation of Wright-Giemsa-stained cytocentrifuge slides. A novel finding is that a large proportion of milk T lymphocytes form E-rosettes at 37 degrees C as well as at 4 degrees C. The capacity to form thermostable E-rosettes is not a general property of T lymphocytes in the postpartum period, since peripheral blood T lymphocytes from milk donors form few thermostable E-rosettes. In addition, peripheral blood lymphocytes did not acquire the capacity to form thermostable E-rosettes after density gradient centrifugation nor after incubation with autologous milk. The finding that T lymphocytes in milk form thermostable E-rosettes suggests that milk T lymphocytes may be activated or immature. In either case, these data support the concept that lymphocytes that home to the mammary gland are a select subset of the total lymphocyte population.
Role of self carriers in the immune response and tolerance. VI. Induction and reversal of TNP-modified self unresponsiveness in vitro.
Authors: Li J T , Scott D W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The involvement of T-suppressor cells in hapten-modified self unresponsiveness induced in vivo is well established. However, TNP-modified syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-SC) can block the anti-TNP PFC response of normal or nude spleen cells to TNP-immunogen in vitro, an effect that is apparently T cell-independent. In this study, we have used a 2-stage culture system in which both the induction of tolerance by irradiated syngeneic TNP-SC and the subsequent challenge with TNP-immunogen take place in vitro to dissect the cellular events that lead to unresponsiveness. Our results show that not only are spleen cells precultured with TNP-SC tolerant to challenge, but that these cells are able to specifically suppress the response of freshly prepared normal spleen cells to the T-independent antigens TNP-POL or TNP-LPS. Irradiation of the precultured cells abrogates the suppressor activity and rules out hapten carryover as the mechanism of suppression. Suppressor cells were able to inhibit the response of anti-Ba theta and C-treated spleen cells, suggesting that suppressor function is directed toward the B cell and/or accessory cells. Anti-Ba theta and C treatment of spleen cells before preculture with TNP-SC prevented the induction of both tolerance and suppression. Nylon wool-enriched T cells, on the other hand, could generate suppressor cells in response to TNP-SC. These results demonstrate that, like the in vivo situation, T cells are involved in the generation of this form of B cell tolerance in vitro. Implications relevant to the mechanisms of tolerance induction are discussed.
Hapten-specific T cell response to azobenzenearsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine in the Lewis rat. I. Induction and suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity and in vitro proliferative responses.
Authors: Lawn C Y , Leskowitz S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pretreatment of Lewis rats with a single i.p. injection of ABA-N-acetyl-tyrosine in incomplete Freund's adjuvant induced an unresponsiveness for delayed-type hypersensitivity to subsequent immunization with the same antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant. Complete suppression of in vitro antigen-induced proliferative responses required repeated pretreatment. Passive transfer of lymphoid cells from spleen and lymph nodes but not sera from suppressed rats induced unresponsiveness of hapten-specific T cell functions. Nylon wool-nonadherent cells and cells panned on F(ab')2 of rabbit anti-Lewis rat Ig plates suppressed the induction of DTH and in vitro antigen-stimulated proliferation. Adult thymectomy increased DTH and failed to abolish the induction of suppression.
Generation of H-2-restricted cytotoxic T cells by ultraviolet light-treated trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic cells: increased requirement for adherent cells.
Authors: Hurme M , Bång B E , Sihvola M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Metabolically inactive (ultraviolet light- [UV] irradiated) cells are incapable of serving as allogeneic stimulators in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The reason for the requirement of metabolic activity is not known. Now we have used UV-irradiated, trinitrophenyl- (TNP) coupled syngeneic spleen cells as stimulators in vitro to generate TNP-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL). It was found that UV-irradiated cells were stimulatory only if adherent cells (nylon wool [NW] and carbonyl iron-adherent Thy-1-) were present in the responder cell population. Nonadherent allogeneic cells were also able to augment the CTL response to UV-irradiated stimulators, suggesting that the requirement for adherent cells can be replaced by the nonspecific stimulatory effects of a MLR. When spleen cells from mice primed in vivo with TNP-coupled syngeneic cells were used in vitro, it was noticed that UV-irradiated stimulators were able to induce as strong a secondary CTL response as metabolically active stimulators but this response was also entirely dependent on the presence of adherent cells in the responder cell population. As a summary, these results suggest that metabolically inactive haptenated stimulators do not present the necessary proliferative (?) stimulus to the CTL precursor cells, but this 'signal' can be mediated via the adherent cell population, thus offering an explanation for the significance of this cell type in CTL responses in vitro.
Cellular determinants of mammary cell-mediated immunity in the rat. I. The migration of radioisotopically labeled T lymphocytes.
Authors: Manning L S , Parmely M J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Current theories about the cellular basis of mammary gland immunity are based primarily on the migratory behavior of B lymphocytes bearing intracytoplasmic IgA. These B cells presumably constitute an intestinal pool that circulates independently of the peripheral B cell pool and provides a source of plasma cell precursors for secretory tissues. The hypothesis of a common, yet independent, mucosal immune system has not been applied to mammary gland cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The present study was undertaken, therefore, to compare the migration of T lymphoblasts from gut-associated mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) with that of their counterparts recovered from cervical lymph nodes (CLN). When labeled with 3H-thymidine and adoptively transferred to lactating recipients, MLN and CLN T lymphoblasts demonstrated equal affinities for the mammary glands. This result suggests that the mammary gland can draw from both circulating pools of T cells (intestinal and peripheral). T cell migration to the mammary gland was found to increase 7- to 10-fold with the onset of lactation and remained high during the first 2 wk postpartum. Activation of MLN and CLN T cells by preculture with Con A greatly increased the proportion of large cells but not alter cell accumulation in mammary tissues. These results, discussed in the context of recent observations regarding T cell locomotion and circulating lymphocyte subsets, suggest that CMI in the mammary gland may not depend solely on oral immunization for its immunologic specificity.