bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presurgical Perspective and Posttreatment Evaluation of Soft Tissue Tumors of the Ankle and Foot in Adults
Authors: Noebauer-Huhmann Iris-Melanie , Grieser Thomas , Panotopoulos Joannis , Dieckmann Karin , Lalam Radhesh K. , Bloem Johan L. , Weber Marc-André 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article discusses soft tissue tumors of the ankle and foot region in adults, including tumors of the joints, and also briefly addresses tumor-simulating lesions. We offer general recommendations and describe specific aspects of common entities in that region, such as typical imaging appearance, therapeutic strategies, and posttherapeutic considerations. Focal masses and diffuse swelling are common in the foot and ankle region; most of them are non-neoplastic. Some of the tumors, such as plantar fibromatosis, tenosynovial giant cell tumor, synovial chondromatosis, or schwannoma, have a very typical appearance on magnetic resonance imaging. Sarcomas are rare among true soft tissue tumors; however, they can be small and well demarcated, may grow slowly, and are often misinterpreted as benign. This is especially true for synovial sarcoma, one of the most common sarcomas in this region. Densely packed tissues in the foot and ankle may hamper determining the tissue of origin. Adherence to diagnostic guidelines and cooperation with tumor centers is crucial including for posttherapeutic surveillance. We also describe typical posttherapeutic changes and complications after surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, as well as parameters for the detection and exclusion of recurrence of soft tissue tumors of the ankle and foot.
Economic Insecurity, Institutional Trust and Populist Voting Across Europe
Authors: Ivanov Denis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study revisits the drivers of populist voting in Europe, focusing on the interplay between economic insecurity and institutional trust. Specifically, it examines the degree to which the decision to vote for a populist party is driven by economic insecurity, while explicitly accounting for the moderating role of two types of institutional trust: trust in national institutions and trust in the European Parliament. The paper tests this moderating effect primarily using the European Social Survey (ESS), but also combining it with data from the World Inequality Database (WID). It finds support for the view that trust in institutions moderates the effect of economic insecurity on populist voting, with greater trust associated with less populist voting, except for the most economically insecure members of the population, whose propensity to vote for populist parties is unaffected by institutional trust.
Volume relaxation of soda-lime silicate glasses below glass transition temperature
Authors: Hamada Yuya , Murota Teppei , Shimizu Masahiro , Shimotsuma Yasuhiko , Miura Kiyotaka 
Published: February 2023

Structural relaxation is a widely known phenomenon that occurs in glassy systems, which still attracts strong industrial and research interest. Although the volume change associated with structural relaxation is well described by the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts function, its origin, particularly from a glass structural viewpoint, is not clearly defined. To understand the behavior of structural relaxation, in this study, we performed volume relaxation evaluations, Raman spectroscopy assessments, and surface resistivity measurements before and after annealing at 50 K below the glass transition temperature Tg of soda-lime silicate glasses with the same Tg but different fragilities. The combined results indicated that the following changes in the glass structure occurred during the structural relaxation: (1) reorganization of the SiO2 network; (2) transfer of Na ions from the ion channel region into the SiO2 network region; and (3) segmentation of the ion channel region in the modified random network model.
Magnetic vortex mobility for hollow Fe3O4 submicron particles studied by a hysteresis scaling technique
Authors: Kobayashi Satoru , Kiseleva Tatiana , Sangaa Deleg , Jargalan Narmandakh , Uyanga Enkhnaran 
Published: February 2023

We report results of magnetic hysteresis scaling of minor loops for hollow Fe3O4 submicron particles with variable diameter of 400–720 nm. As in the case of bulk ferromagnetic materials, a power-law scaling with an exponent of ∼1.5 was found to universally hold true between hysteresis loss and remanence of minor loops, although the magnetization process is significantly different from a bulk ferromagnet where irreversible Bloch wall displacement plays a crucial role. The minor-loop coefficient decreases with inner/outer diameter ratio and is almost independent of temperature above T = 30 K. The behavior of the coefficient indicates that a mobility of a magnetic vortex under magnetic fields increases with increasing a inner/outer diameter ratio of a hollow sphere and is weakly temperature dependent. The results suggest that the coefficient can be a sensitive indicator of the particle geometry for vortex spherical particles.
Fast artifact filtering algorithm for electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Han Siyuan , Yu Guoqiang , Lu Wei , Xue Beichen , Gao Xiguang , Song Yingdong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Owing to the ill-conditioned nature of electrical resistivity tomography and the measurement error of the hardware equipment, the reconstructed resistivity distribution image often contains artifacts of varying degrees. Other soft-field imaging technologies, such as electrical impedance tomography and electrical capacitance tomography, also encounter artifacts. Artifacts interfere with the assessment of damaged areas. To eliminate the influence of artifacts on the reconstructed image, a novel artifact elimination algorithm called the fast artifact filtering (FAF) algorithm is proposed. Based on the calculation results of existing algorithms, such as the Newton’s one-step error reconstructor (NOSER) algorithm, the FAF algorithm can remove the damaged areas with low confidence from the potentially damaged areas and only retain the damaged areas with high confidence for final imaging. Several simulation models were used to test the effectiveness of the artifact elimination algorithm proposed in this study. The test results show that the number of artifacts in the final reconstructed image is significantly reduced after the NOSER algorithm is combined with the FAF algorithm. In addition, when the number of finite element model division elements was 4802, the refresh time of a single image increased by approximately 1 ms. A structural health monitoring test for hollow structure is provided. The results show that the FAF also performs well on the measured voltage data.
Pursuit problem with a stochastic prey that sees its chasers
Authors: Su Meng , Bernardi Davide , Lindner Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A recent stochastic pursuit model describes a pack of chasers (hounds) that actively move toward a target (hare) that undergoes pure Brownian diffusion (Bernardi and Lindner 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett.
128 040601). Here, this model is extended by introducing a deterministic ‘escape term’, which depends on the hounds’ positions. In other words, the hare can ‘see’ the approaching hounds and run away from them, in addition to the ‘blind’ random diffusion. In the case of a single chaser, the mean capture time (CT) can still be computed analytically. At weak noise, the qualitative behavior of the system depends on whether the hare’s maximum running drift speed is above or below a critical value (the pursuers’ speed), but not on the target’s viewing range, whereas the capture statistics at strong noise is similar to those of the original model without escape term. When multiple hounds are present, the behavior of the system is surprisingly similar to the original model with purely diffusing target, because the escape terms tend to compensate each other if the prey is encircled. At weak noise levels and ‘supracritical’ maximum escape speed, the hare can slip through the chaser pack and lead to a very strong increase of the mean CT with respect to the blind case. This large difference is due to rare events, which are enhanced when the symmetry in the initial conditions is disrupted by some randomness. Comparing the median of the CT probability density (which reflects the typical CT) with the mean CT makes clear the contribution of rare events with exceptionally long CTs.
First principle study of optical and electronic response of Ca-based novel chalcopyrite compounds
Authors: Khan Karina , Sharma Kamal N , Soni Amit , Sahariya Jagrati 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A series of Ca-based novel chalcopyrite compounds have been studied by means of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. In this work, we have used one of the utmost precise exchange and correlation functional of Tran-Blaha modified Becke Johnson (TB-mBJ) for the investigation of electronic as well as optical properties of Ca based chalcopyrite compounds namely, CaXY2 (X = Ge, Sn; Y = N, P, As). The computed energy bands and density of states reveals the semiconducting nature of all these studied compounds. The bandgap of CaXY2 (X = Ge, Sn; Y = N, P, As) compounds are found within the energy range 1.60–3.74 eV. The frequency dependent optical properties are investigated here, to understand the probable usage of these Ca-based chalcopyrite’s in optoelectronic applications. The imaginary dielectric tensors are presented and explained in terms of inter-band transitions. The integrated absorption coefficients are calculated to interpret the absorption spectra of all studied compounds.
Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Ren Mingyang , Zhang Shanxiang , Liu Jiaqian , Qin Huan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (MTAI) is an emerging physical imaging technology that combines the high resolution of ultrasound imaging with the high contrast of microwave imaging and the advantages of deep penetration of microwave. MTAI uses microwave as the excitation source and ultrasound as the information carrier, through the transformation of microwave to ultrasound energy transfer form to achieve non-destructive, high-resolution imaging of biological tissue at a depth of centimeters. The contrast of the MTAI image is determined by the difference in microwave absorption. In biological tissues, polar molecules such as water molecules (molecular polarization loss) and ions (ion polarization loss) are mainly used as signal sources to obtain structural and functional images of biological tissues. After more than 20 years of development, MTAI has been applied to imaging various biological tissues and detecting multiple diseases, such as brain imaging, breast imaging, joint imaging, prostate cancer detection, cerebral hemorrhage detection, etc This paper provides a comprehensive review on: (1) the principle of MTAI, (2) application in the biomedical field, and (3) future development direction.
Numerical study of melt hydrodynamics in pulsed laser processing of nickel-based superalloy
Authors: Yang Jian , Tan Jiqing , Zhang Fuping , Chen Long , Xu Hongxing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Pulsed laser processing (PLP) of materials has wide-spread applications in the industry, yet the underlying complex material response to the incident laser pulse especially the melt flow mechanism is not fully understood. Knowledge of melt hydrodynamics can provide systematic theoretical guidance for the improvement of PLP quality. In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical model was built to simulate melt flow during PLP of nickel-based superalloy. The driving forces for melt hydrodynamics at different stages of laser pulse irradiation were studied comprehensively. Numerical results reveal that thermo-capillary stress drives radially-outward melt flow at the initial stage of laser pulse irradiation. At the middle stage, evaporation-induced recoil pressure is the dominant driving force for melt pool deformation, creating a depression at the center and a hump at the periphery. Thermo-capillary force has a minor effect on melt pool deformation but a large contribution to the flow velocity field. At the post-irradiation stage, the peripheral molten hump flows back rapidly and the melt pool experiences some gradually damping oscillations under the action of Young-Laplace stress. Moreover, it was demonstrated that laser power density plays an important role in deciding the melt flow characteristics and the relative contributions of different driving forces. The results in this study provide an unambiguous physical picture of the melt hydrodynamics in pulsed laser processing.
A comparison of the influence of plasmoid-drift mechanisms on plasma fuelling by cryogenic pellets in ITER and Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Panadero N. , Koechl F. , Polevoi A.R. , Baldzuhn J. , Beidler C.D. , Lang P.T. , Loarte A. , Matsuyama A. , McCarthy K.J. , Pégourié B. , Turkin Y. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Pellet injection is the most promising technique to achieve efficient plasma core fuelling, key for attaining stationary scenarios in large magnetic confinement fusion devices. In this paper, the injection of pellets with different volumes and speeds into standard plasma scenarios in ITER (tokamak) and Wendelstein 7-X (stellarator) is studied by modeling the pellet ablation and particle deposition, focusing on the evaluation of the expected differences in pellet plasmoid drifts in tokamaks and stellarators. Since the efficiency of the damping-drift mechanisms is predicted to depend on the magnetic configuration, device-specific characteristics are expected for the temporal evolution of the plasmoid drift acceleration. For instance, plasmoid-internal Pfirsch–Schlüter currents dominate the drift damping process for stellarators, while plasmoid-external currents are more relevant for tokamaks. Also, relatively larger drifts are in principle expected for W7-X due to higher field gradients in relation to machine dimensions. However, shorter plasmoid-internal charge reconnection lengths result in the drift damping due to internal Pfirsch–Schlüter currents being more effective than in a tokamak. Therefore, the average relative drift displacement during the whole plasmoid homogenization may a priori be comparable in both magnetic configurations. Moreover, High Field Side (HFS) injection is expected to be highly advantageous to maximize pellet particle deposition in ITER, whereas it may only be beneficial in medium to high β environments in W7-X. Finally, there may be means for the optimization of pellet injection configurations in both ITER and W7-X for the considered plasma scenarios despite the sizeable differences in the relative importance of the mechanisms of plasmoid drift acceleration and deceleration in play.
Enhancement of neoclassical impurity density up/down asymmetry and Pfirsch–Schlüter transport due to the plasma elongation in the tokamak plasmas
Authors: Pan Chengkang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The standard neoclassical theory of the impurity transport in tokamak plasma is improved by including the plasma elongation effect. The neoclassical up/down asymmetry of the impurity density is largely enhanced by the plasma elongation and is under-predicted by the neoclassical theory with the circular cross section assumption. Accordingly, the impurity Pfirsch–Schlüter neoclassical transport is also enhanced by the plasma elongation.
CernVM-FS ephemeral publishers on Kubernetes
Authors: Valenzuela Andrea , Blomer Jakob 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The CernVM File System (CernVM-FS) is a global read-only POSIX file system that provides scalable and reliable software distribution to numerous scientific collaborations. It gives access to more than a billion binary files of experiment application software stacks and operating system containers to end user devices, grids, clouds, and supercomputers. CernVM-FS is asymmetric by construction. Writing into the repository is a centralized operation called publishing, while reading is allowed for many clients from many locations. The classic publishing process needs a dedicated “release manager machine” that provides the editable repository copy. This classic approach was improved thanks to the introduction of the CernVM-FS Gateway that provides concurrent access to the repository backend storage through a REST API. In this contribution, we present further improvements to the CernVM-FS publishing process. Our main contribution is the construction of ephemeral containers that are created on demand and used to provide a temporary, editable repository copy for a single publish operation. The container construction makes careful use of Linux namespaces and a user-space implementation of overlayfs. We further show that both the gateway and the containers used for publishing can be instantiated as pods in a kubernetes cluster. Thus, we demonstrate a kubernetes-native CernVM-FS publishing workflow.
CMS High Level Trigger performance comparison on CPUs and GPUs
Authors: Bocci Andrea 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
At the start of the upcoming LHC Run-3, CMS will deploy a heterogeneous High Level Trigger (HLT) farm composed of x86 CPUs and NVIDIA GPUs. In order to guarantee that the HLT can run on machines without any GPU accelerators - for example as part of the large scale Monte Carlo production running on the grid, or when individual developers need to optimise specific triggers - the HLT reconstruction has been implemented both for NVIDIA GPUs and for traditional CPUs. This contribution will describe how the CMS software used online and offline (CMSSW) can transparently switch between the two implementations, and compare their performance on GPUs and CPUs from different architectures, vendors and generations.
Developing GPU-compliant algorithms for CMS ECAL local reconstruction during LHC Run 3 and Phase 2
Authors: Reis Thomas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The higher LHC luminosities foreseen in Run 3 (2022+) and during the Phase 2 of the LHC (2029+), and the consequently larger number of simultaneous proton-proton collisions per event, pose significant challenges for the CMS event reconstruction. In particular maintaining the strict time budget for reconstruction algorithms at the CMS software high level trigger will not be possible considering only the expected increase of processing power from conventional CPUs. Therefore, CMS is investigating the use of heterogeneous architectures, including GPU accelerators, to satisfy the needs of the Phase 2 reconstruction. The local reconstruction algorithm of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) is among the first to be implemented on heterogeneous platforms for LHC Run 3. This article discusses the necessary changes to the CMS software framework that support the execution of code on accelerators. The current development status of the ECAL local reconstruction algorithm is described and first performance results of GPU enabled code are presented.
DIRAC at JINR as a general purpose system for massive computations
Authors: Korenkov Vladimir , Pelevanyuk Igor , Tsaregorodtsev Andrei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) has several large computing facilities: Tier1 and Tier2 grid clusters, Govorun supercomputer, cloud, and LHEP computing cluster. Each of them has different access protocols, authentication and authorization procedures, data access methods. With the help of the DIRAC Interware, we were able to integrate all these resources to provide a uniform access to all these facilities. Right now, it is possible to perform basic workflows on all resources. The main use-cases covered by the DIRAC service in JINR: centralized Monte-Carlo simulation for the MPD experiment, Monte-Carlo for the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope, as well as running jobs for the Folding@HOME project.
During the pre-production stage, it is important to estimate the characteristics of user jobs. That information is crucial for planning of the execution process on different resources. An approach was elaborated to collect data about RAM, CPU, and network consumption by each user job. This helped to tune the mass production algorithms before the production actually starts. Since the system processes tens of thousands of similar jobs during one particular production, it appeared to be possible to collect from DIRAC data about these jobs and perform analysis of their execution parameters. We collect data related to the CPU model, wall-time, CPU benchmark DB12, hostname, username, and resource name. An approach was elaborated to extract meta-data about job execution and visualize it. With this visualization, it became possible to compare different computing resources, study the CPU and worker node performance. This approach does not require submitting special jobs, so the resources are not wasted for this analysis.
Enabling CMS Experiment to the utilization of multiple hardware architectures: a Power9 Testbed at CINECA
Authors: Boccali T. , Spiga D , Rodrigues Alan Malta , Mascheroni M. , Fanzago F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The CMS software stack (CMSSW) is built on a nightly basis for multiple hardware architectures and compilers, in order to benefit from the diverse platforms. In practice, still, only x86_64 binaries are used in production, and are supported by the workload management tools in charge of production and analysis job delivery to the distributed computing infrastructure. Profiting from an INFN grant at CINECA, a PRACE Tier-0 Center, tests have been carried on using IBM Power9 nodes from the Marconi100 HPC system. A first study on the modifications needed to the standard CMS WMS systems is shown, and very positive proof-of-concept tests have been conducted up to thousands of computing cores, also including an initial utilization of the GPUs which the nodes host. The current status of the tests, including plans to support multi-architecture workflows, are shown and discussed.
Evaluating query languages and systems for high-energy physics data
Authors: Graur Dan , Müller Ingo , Proffitt Mason , Fourny Ghislain , Watts Gordon T. , Alonso Gustavo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the domain of high-energy physics (HEP), general-purpose query languages have found little adoption in analysis. This is surprising regarding SQL-based systems, as HEP data analysis matches SQL’s processing model well: the data is fully structured and makes use of predominantly standard operators. To better understand the situation, we select six general-purpose query engines, from both the SQL and NoSQL domain, and analyze their performance, scalability, and usability in HEP analysis, employing standard HEP tools as baseline. We also identify a set of core language features needed to support HEP data analysis. Our results reveal an interesting and complex picture: several query languages provide a rich and natural query development experience, while others fall short. In terms of performance, our results reveal that many of the database systems are one or two orders of magnitude slower than the standard HEP analysis tools, while others manage to scale and perform well. These conclusions suggest that while the existing data processing systems are viable candidates for HEP analysis, there is still work to be done to improve their performance and ability to succinctly express HEP queries.