bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esoteric Beliefs and Opposition to Corona Restrictions in Germany
Authors: Weidmann Nils B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGovernmental measures against the spread of the Corona virus have been met with varying levels of opposition in many countries worldwide. Existing research has claimed that some of this opposition is linked to esoteric and anthroposophical beliefs. This research note tests this in an observational study using election results from the 2021 parliamentary election in Germany and new data on the distribution of natural healers, homeopathic doctors and Steiner schools. Results show that counter to common expectations, there is no evidence that esoteric beliefs systematically lead to increased support for the established right-wing AFD. Rather, some indicators for esoteric beliefs – in particular, the presence of homeopathic doctors and Waldorf schools – are related to higher support for the new fringe party dieBasis, a single-issue party campaigning against governmental Corona measures.
Interlinkages between leverage points for strengthening adaptive capacity to climate change
Authors: Rosengren Linda M. , Schinko Thomas , Sendzimir Jan , Mohammed Abdul-Razak , Buwah Rahajatu , Vihinen Hilkka , Raymond Christopher M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile systemic leverage points have been identified as a powerful approach for planning and assessing policies and interventions for sustainability transformations, few studies have explored how leverage points interact and how this affects the desired change. In this study, we explored how the interlinkages between leverage points enable or constrain adaptive capacity to climate change of food system actors. We found 24 interlinkages when drawing on results from semi-structured interviews and a participatory visual art method used in focus groups in a case study in the Northern Region of Ghana. Nine interlinkages were identified as barriers to the adaptive capacity of the communities and actors of the local food system. For example, when studying the interlinkages between the place-specific leverage point of agricultural extension services and the generic leverage point of gender equality, we found that women have less access to agricultural extension services compared with men. Fifteen interlinkages were presented as enabling adaptive capacity; for example, women’s savings groups had many enabling interlinkages with gender equality such as creating unity and empowering the members. We argue that interlinkages between a set of leverage points (1) play a pivotal role in enabling or hindering the leverage points, (2) may instigate a chain of leverage and (3) may affect the system including the related leverage points in a deep or shallow way.
A Revised Approach to Advance Personal Planning: The Role of Theory in Achieving “The Good Result”
Authors: Johnston Briony 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article explores traditional views of advance care planning in the broader context of advance personal planning, which also accounts for legal and financial matters. Criticisms of existing processes are noted, while the significance of interprofessional collaboration is highlighted. Reframing the purpose of advance personal planning as planning for the rest of life, rather than the end-of-life, and adopting a more holistic perspective informed by theory may help individuals to view advance personal planning as a routine, preventative exercise that safeguards their autonomy and well-being. Both lawyers and healthcare providers have an important role to play in reframing the purpose of advance personal planning. This revised approach is underpinned by the unification of two separate theoretical lenses: Preventive Law Theory and Therapeutic Jurisprudence. This combination enhances our understanding of what it means for people to truly achieve “the good result” (Holtz 2017) when planning ahead for their future legal, financial, health, and personal interests. Preventive Law Theory encourages an ongoing, collaborative relationship between lawyers and their clients, or healthcare providers and their patients, while Therapeutic Jurisprudence ensures an ethical approach to advance personal planning that accounts for all aspects of the individual’s well-being, including consideration of vulnerability, autonomy, and empowerment.
Pharmacotherapy for chronic obesity management: a look into the future
Authors: Abdel-Malek Mariana , Yang Lisa , Miras Alexander Dimitri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSubstantial leaps have been made in the drug discovery front in tackling the growing pandemic of obesity and its metabolic co-morbidities. Greater mechanistic insight and understanding of the gut-brain molecular pathways at play have enabled the pursuit of novel therapeutic agents that possess increasingly efficacious weight-lowering potential whilst remaining safe and tolerable for clinical use. In the wake of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) based therapy, we look at recent advances in gut hormone biology that have fermented the development of next generation pharmacotherapy in diabesity that harness synergistic potential. In this paper, we review the latest data from the SURPASS and SURMOUNT clinical trials for the novel ‘twincretin’, known as Tirzepatide, which has demonstrated sizeable body weight reduction as well as glycaemic efficacy. We also provide an overview of amylin-based combination strategies and other emerging therapies in the pipeline that are similarly providing great promise for the future of chronic management of obesity.
Better to risk limb than life: some insects use autotomy to escape passive predation by carnivorous plants
Authors: Krueger Thilo , Bateman Philip W. , Fleischmann Andreas , Cross Adam T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLimb autotomy, the voluntary shedding of body parts as a strategy to escape predation or entrapment, is particularly common in insects and other arthropods that are frequently captured by the carnivorous plant genusDrosera. However, no study has previously examined the effectiveness of autotomy at facilitating escape from these passive, sessile plant predators. Using field observations of numerousDroseraspecies in Western Australia and Australia’s Northern Territory, we present the first field evidence of limb autotomy being employed by insects and other arthropods to escape capture by carnivorous plants. Most autotomised limbs found on theDroseratraps belonged to large nematoceran flies, probably comprised primarily of Tipulidae (crane flies), which have a characteristically large, slender body with very long limbs that seems likely to allow the effective use of autotomy as a strategy to prevent fatal capture. However, autotomy was overall only rarely observed amongst theDroseraprey as most prey items were small and quickly became completely enveloped by the sticky mucilage, rendering any such escape attempts impossible. Finally, we determined that the likelihood of escape decreased markedly as multiple limbs were lost.
Intensive training programme improves handwriting in a community cohort of people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Collins Lucy M. , Roberts Rachel , Cleary Hannah , Diskin James , Kitt Donna , Van Bommel-Rutgers Ingrid , Smits-Engelsman Bouwien C. M. , Crowley Erin K. , Sullivan Aideen M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background

People with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) often report problems with their handwriting before they receive a formal diagnosis. Many PwP suffer from deteriorating handwriting throughout their illness, which has detrimental effects on many aspects of their quality of life.

Aims
To assess a 6-week online training programme aimed at improving handwriting of PwP.

Methods
Handwriting samples from a community-based cohort of PwP (n = 48) were analysed using systematic detection of writing problems (SOS-PD) by two independent raters, before and after a 6-week remotely monitored physiotherapy-led training programme. Inter-rater variability on multiple measures of handwriting quality was analysed. The handwriting data was analysed using pre-/post-design in the same individuals. Multiple aspects of the handwriting samples were assessed, including writing fluency, transitions between letters, regularity in letter size, word spacing, and straightness of lines.

Results
Analysis of inter-rater reliability showed high agreement for total handwriting scores and letter size, as well as speed and legibility scores, whereas there were mixed levels of inter-rater reliability for other handwriting measures. Overall handwriting quality (p = 0.001) and legibility (p = 0.009) significantly improved, while letter size (p = 0.012), fluency (p = 0.001), regularity of letter size (p = 0.009), and straightness of lines (p = 0.036) were also enhanced.

Conclusions
The results of this study show that this 6-week intensive remotely-monitored physiotherapy-led handwriting programme improved handwriting in PwP. This is the first study of its kind to use this tool remotely, and it demonstrated that the SOS-PD is reliable for measuring handwriting in PwP.
Current Approaches to Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Parekh Jay , Parikh Kaushal , Reuss Joshua E. , Friedlaender Alex , Addeo Alfredo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
For decades, early-stage resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while potentially curable, has been marred by unacceptably high recurrence rates.

Recent Findings
Anti-PD(L)1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the treatment of advanced NSCLC, and with recent approvals in the peri-operative space, is now poised to transform the systemic treatment paradigm for localized and locally-advanced NSCLC.

Summary
In this review, we focus on neoadjuvant ICB in resectable NSCLC, highlighting the pre-clinical rationale for neoadjuvant ICB, early clinical trials, randomized phase 3 trial data, and future directions for resectable NSCLC.

Graphical Abstract
An Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Calcium Crystal Disease
Authors: Flood Rachael , Stack John , McCarthy Geraldine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This article aims to review the challenges to diagnosis and management of calcium crystal deposition diseases and evaluate the literature published over the past 3 years.

Recent Findings
The awaited development of classification criteria is an essential step in the progression of calcium crystal deposition disease clinical research. There have been recent improvements in the accuracy of imaging for the diagnosis of crystal deposition diseases with published definitions of characteristic features. Factors associated with acute flares of disease have been identified and an association with increased cardiovascular risk has been demonstrated. Targeted treatment options for calcium crystal diseases remain elusive. However, there have been advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of disease revealing potential targets for future drug development.

Summary
Calcium-crystal deposition diseases are increasing in incidence and prevalence as populations age and continue to associate with a high burden of disability. Despite this, calcium crystal deposition disease remains under-studied with a paucity of evidence-based treatment guidelines.
Data from Chewing and Swallowing Processes as a Fingerprint for Characterizing Textural Food Product Properties
Authors: Grau Raúl , Pérez Alberto J. , Hernández Sergio , Barat José M. , Talens Pau , Verdú Samuel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEating is a complex action. When it is performed, lots of facial movements that depend on food and consumer characteristics take place. Several techniques and methodologies are available to evaluate them, and some are used to describe food texture. Employing facial skin markers and direct descriptors, and studying the tracking of their movements during the eating process are a simple non-invasive technique, but with limitations. This study aimed to use the technique and compare two data processes using direct or indirect descriptors to minimize limitations (panelist effect) and to increase its ability to classify muffins, coffee cookies, and toasted bread according to the descriptions provided by textural techniques. Eight participants (four men, four women) ate the three products 5 times over a 2-week period. Six skin markers were placed on certain points of their faces. Chewing and swallowing were characterized by applying the technique. The panelist effect was evidenced by employing direct descriptors, while products were described in the same way as using textural techniques by indirect descriptors.
Waviness analysis of glossy surfaces based on deformation of a light source reflection
Authors: Filip Jiří , Vávra Radomír , Maile Frank J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe evaluation of waviness, also known as orange peel, is essential for the quality control of materials in industrial fields working with high gloss materials, e.g., coatings, automotive and metal fabrication. This paper presents an affordable noncontact method for waviness analysis based on a single image of the light source reflected from the surface under study. The spatial perturbations along the contour of the light source reflection are compared to the ideal contour and analyzed in the Fourier domain to obtain standard features that have been compared to commercial ripple characterization device. Additional three method-specific features are proposed and evaluated. Our method has been tested on a set of ten orange peel standards, ten effect, and three solid coating samples and shows promising performance in waviness characterization of glossy surfaces.
Re-thinking care after the pandemic: a European Care Strategy for Caregivers and Care Receivers
Authors: Caracciolo di Torella Eugenia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe importance of care for our sustainability is increasingly discussed by policy makers and academics. For several reasons, however, the law has failed to address it. Accordingly, care has long been in a state of crisis, where the needs of those who require care are not met, and those who care are routinely subject to discrimination and cannot care in a dignified way. The Covid-19 Pandemic has highlighted the extent of the problem. The EU has responded by announcing on 7 September 2022 ‘A European Care Strategy for Caregivers and Care Receivers’. Although not flawless, this initiative is ground-breaking. It is now crucial to sustain momentum and to continue to build on this initiative.
How older adults fulfill their retirement plans relates to positive mental health: a path model analysis of social activity and self-esteem
Authors: Wu Jianqian , Chao Qiuling 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRetirement planning fulfillment is necessary for older adults to adapt to later life and maintain their quality of life. This study investigates the internal mechanisms between retirement planning fulfillment and positive mental health among older adults. 1200 Chinese older adults (Mage = 68.49, SD = 7.27; 57% female) completed a questionnaire package measuring retirement planning fulfillment, positive mental health, post-retirement social activities, and self-esteem. Results indicated that older adults in rural areas had significantly lower retirement planning fulfillment than those in urban areas. Retirement planning fulfillment was positively associated with social activity, self-esteem, and positive mental health. Social activities and self-esteem mediated the relationship between retirement planning fulfillment and positive mental health. This study suggests the need for further investigation of retirement planning fulfillment, which helps improve older adults’ ability to cope with later life.
Components of adolescents’ attraction with YouTubers
Authors: Sedmak Ana , Svetina Matija 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Data from previous studies show that YouTube and YouTubers have become an integral part of adolescents' lives and have a significant impact on how adolescents view themselves and the world around them. Previous studies suggest that parasocial relationships with YouTubers are likely to have some characteristics that differ from those with traditional celebrities, such as reciprocity or the illusion of intimacy. The question of this study was why YouTubers are so attractive to adolescents and what are the main components of this attractiveness. A sample of 39 adolescents aged 11 to 20 who were fans of at least one YouTuber participated in focus groups in which we collected data on participants' perceptions of their favourite YouTuber and their YouTuber-related behaviours, expectations, beliefs, and social context. The grounded theory approach was used. The analysis yielded core category "identification" which is a powerful mechanism in adolescent psychology. The core category was supported by four general categories: (1) personal characteristics of YouTubers, (2) characteristics of the relationships between YouTubers and their followers, (3) characteristics related to followers' social context, and (4) characteristics related to the medium itself (e. g. accessibility). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Generation of mode-locked states of conventional solitons and bright-dark solitons in graphene mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Li Zixiong , Li Mingyu , Hou Xinyi , Du Lei , Xiao Lin , Wang Tianshu , Ma Wanzhuo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a mode-locked fiber laser based on graphene-coated microfiber. The total length of the fiber laser resonant cavity is 31.34 m. Under the condition of stable output of bright-dark soliton pairs from the fiber laser, dual-wavelength tuning is realized by adjusting the polarization controller (PC), and the wavelength tuning range is 11 nm. Furthermore, the effects of polarization states on bright-dark solitons are studied. It is demonstrated that the mode-locking state can be switched between conventional solitons and bright-dark solitons in the graphene mode-locked fiber laser. Bright-dark soliton pairs with different shapes and nanosecond pulse width can be obtained by adjusting the PC and pump power.
Graphical Abstract
Sinopsis de Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) para el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Vega-Betancur Susana , Callejas Ricardo , Testo Weston , Vasco Alejandra 
Published: June 2023

ResumenSe presenta una actualización a la flora de Antioquia, Colombia para Selaginella. Se reconocen 46 especies, 12 de las cuales son nuevos registros para el departamento, incluyendo dos especies recientemente descritas (S. gioiae y S. rachipterygia), una especie no descrita y un nuevo registro para el país (S. meridensis). Cinco especies previamente reportadas para Antioquia se excluyen. Se presenta una clave dicotómica y notas sobre la distribución para las 46 especies reconocidas.
Democratic patterns and party systems in the Western Balkans
Authors: Laštro Claudia , Bieber Florian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe article explores the role of political parties in hybrid regimes in the Western Balkans. The Western Balkans have been marked by considerable variations in democracy ratings over the past decades, altogether informed by the number of government turnovers and degree of political consolidation since the 1990s. Yet all countries in the region feature deeply entrenched political parties, that draw on either their socialist legacies, anti-communist profile, or the representation of a particular demographic, as well as their control over state institutions. Rather than differentiating between democratic and authoritarian systems in the region, the article stresses their commonalities. It understands parties and their extended networks as the central gatekeepers that mediate citizens’ access to economic and societal resources, effectively reversing the accountability between parties and voters. The article categorises party systems along two axes, based on the criteria of competitiveness and consolidation. Instead of adhering to the common dichotomy of authoritarian versus democratic systems, it suggests to understand plural and dominant systems as different manifestations of the same principle. It concludes that the main difference between plural and dominant systems lies in the fact whether power is monopolised or dispersed.
Word Writing and Cognitive Predictors in Spanish at the Age of Seven
Authors: González-Valenzuela María-José , Lopez-Montiel Dolores , Díaz-Giraldez Félix , Martín-Ruiz Isaías 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInterest in the cognitive precursors of literacy has been increasing in recent years since reading and writing are essential components of functional learning in the first years of schooling and of school success in later educational stages. However, it can be observed that while studies on the relationship between cognitive variables and reading are frequent, those carried out about writing are scarcer and in different languages and ages. The purpose of this study is to explore the joint contribution made by certain cognitive variables, measured at the ages of 6 and 7, to word writing among Spanish children in the second year of Primary Education (7 years old). In this longitudinal study, 116 Spanish-speaking pupils participated, from schools located in an average socio-cultural area, without special educational needs. Participants were evaluated in terms of their letter knowledge, phonological awareness, phonological memory, and alphanumeric and non-alphanumeric rapid automatised naming at 6 and 7 years of age, and word writing at 7 years of age. Descriptive-exploratory analyses, bivariate analyses, and multivariate regressions were modelled. In general, the findings show a different contribution for the cognitive variables considered in word writing at the age of seven, although this contribution does not vary substantially between the ages of 6 and 7 among Spanish pupils. Phonological knowledge at 6 and 7 years of age is the variable that best predicts the writing of words at 7 years. The contribution of non-alphanumeric speed naming remains constant and alphanumeric speed naming does not contribute to the explanation of writing at this age. Phonological memory at 6 years of age contributes to the explanation of writing at the age of 7 and letter knowledge contributes at the age of 7. These results have implications for educational practice and for the theory of writing acquisition in transparent languages.
LEA U-Net: a U-Net-based deep learning framework with local feature enhancement and attention for retinal vessel segmentation
Authors: Ouyang Jihong , Liu Siguang , Peng Hao , Garg Harish , Thanh Dang N. H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFeature extraction of the retinal blood vessel is one of the crucial tasks in the prediction of ophthalmologic diseases. Important features are extracted based on image segmentation results. The efficiency of vessel segmentation methods could help doctors in the diagnostic of several relevant diseases as early as possible. Recently, U-Net has achieved good results in many medical image segmentation tasks, especially for images of blood vessels. However, due to the limitation of the network structure, some small features could be lost in the transmission process. As a result, there are still many research gaps for U-Net-based retinal vessel segmentation works. In this paper, we propose an improved U-Net based model to segment images of retinal vessels. The improvement focuses on U-Net from two aspects: designing a local feature enhancement module composed of dilated convolution and $$1\times 1$$

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convolution to enhance the feature extraction of tiny vessels; integrating an attention mechanism with skip connection of the network to highlight features related to vessel segmentation information taken from the down-sampling part to the up-sampling part. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated and compared with several published state-of-the-art approaches on the same public dataset—DRIVE, and the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 0.9563, F1-score of 0.823, TPR of 0.7983, and TNR of 0.9793. The AUC of PRC is 0.9109 and the AUC of ROC is 0.9794. The results proved the potential for clinical applications.