bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Gun Violence Archive as an Epidemiologic Data Source for Community Firearm Violence in 4 US Cities
Authors: Gobaud Ariana N. , Mehranbod Christina A. , Kaufman Elinore , Jay Jonathan , Beard Jessica H. , Jacoby Sara F. , Branas Charles C. , Bushover Brady , Morrison Christopher N. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceFirearm injury is a major public health burden in the US, and yet there is no single, validated national data source to study community firearm violence, including firearm homicide and nonfatal shootings that result from interpersonal violence.ObjectiveTo assess the validity of the Gun Violence Archive as a source of data on events of community firearm violence and to examine the characteristics of individuals injured in shootings.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional observational study compared data on community firearm violence from the Gun Violence Archive with publicly available police department data, which were assumed to be the reference standard, between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Cities included in the study (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; New York, New York; Chicago, Illinois; and Cincinnati, Ohio) had a population of greater than 300 000 people according to the 2020 US Census and had publicly available shooting data from the city police department. A large city was defined as having a population greater than or equal to 500 000 (ie, Philadelphia, New York City, and Chicago). Data analysis was performed in December 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEvents of community firearm violence from the Gun Violence Archive were matched to police department shootings by date and location. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of the data were calculated (0.9-1.0, excellent; 0.8-0.9, good; 0.7-0.8, fair; 0.6-0.7, poor; and &amp;lt;0.6, failed).ResultsA total of 26 679 and 32 588 shooting events were documented in the Gun Violence Archive and the police department databases, respectively, during the study period. The overall sensitivity of the Gun Violence Archive over the 6-year period was 81.1%, and the positive predictive value was 99.0%. The sensitivity steadily improved over time. Shootings involving multiple individuals and those involving women and children were less likely to be missing from the Gun Violence Archive, suggesting a systematic missingness.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings support the use of the Gun Violence Archive in large cities for research requiring its unique advantages (ie, spatial resolution, timeliness, and geographic coverage), albeit with caution regarding a more granular examination of epidemiology given its apparent bias toward shootings involving multiple persons and those involving women and children.
A Facile Strategy for the Fabrication of Cell‐Laden Porous Alginate Hydrogels based on Two‐Phase Aqueous Emulsions
Authors: Xue Wen , Lee Donghee , Kong Yunfan , Kuss Mitchell , Huang Ying , Kim Taesung , Chung Soonkyu , Dudley Andrew T. , Ro Seung‐Hyun , Duan Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPorous alginate (Alg) hydrogels possess many advantages as cell carriers. However, current pore generation methods require either complex or harsh fabrication processes, toxic components, or extra purification steps, limiting the feasibility and affecting the cellular survival and function. In this study, a simple and cell‐friendly approach to generate highly porous cell‐laden Alg hydrogels based on two‐phase aqueous emulsions is reported. The pre‐gel solutions, which contain two immiscible aqueous phases of Alg and caseinate (Cas), are cross‐linked by calcium ions. The porous structure of the hydrogel construct is formed by subsequently removing the Cas phase from the ion‐cross‐linked Alg hydrogel. Those porous Alg hydrogels possess heterogeneous pores ≈100 µm and interconnected paths. Human white adipose progenitors (WAPs) encapsulated in these hydrogels self‐organize into spheroids and show enhanced viability, proliferation, and adipogenic differentiation, compared to non‐porous constructs. As a proof of concept, this porous Alg hydrogel platform is employed to prepare core‐shell spheres for coculture of WAPs and colon cancer cells, with WAP clusters distributed around cancer cell aggregates, to investigate cellular crosstalk. This efficacious approach is believed to provide a robust and versatile platform for engineering porous‐structured Alg hydrogels for applications as cell carriers and in disease modeling.
Controlling the Intermediate Phase to Improve the Crystallinity and Orientation of Cs3Sb2ClxI9‐x Films for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Liu Fangzhou , Su Huhu , Yu Wenjin , Zou Yu , Wu Cuncun , Zhang Xian , Zhang Jiaqi , Liang Yuchao , Han Jiaheng , Guan Yan , Zhang Yangyang , Ye Zhengqing , Li Ri , Xiao Lixin , Zheng Shijian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLead‐free 2D antimony‐based halide perovskites with excellent optoelectronic properties, low toxicity, and good intrinsic stability are promising for photovoltaic devices. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of antimony‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still lower than 3% due to the poor crystallinity and random orientation. Herein, it is found that the Cs3Sb2ClxI9‐x films prepared by adding methylamine chloride as an additive to the precursor solution can form a mixed intermediate phase with 0D dimer phase and 2D layered phase after low pressure treatment. During the annealing process, the 0D dimer phase will completely transition to 2D layered phase due to the partial replacement of I by Cl. Compared to adding SbCl3 directly, this method considerably increases the crystallinity of Cs3Sb2IxCl9‐x films. The obtained films have a preferential orientation along the (201) direction, which is beneficial for charge carrier transportation. Consequently, the champion device shows a PCE of 3.2%, which is one of the highest efficiencies achieved for inorganic Sb‐based PSCs with the n‐i‐p architecture to date.
Modulating the Stoichiometry and Lithium Content to Boost the Electrochemical Performance of Li2ZnTi3O8 via High Valence Nb5+ Dopants
Authors: Ge Wei , Yu Hai‐tao , Han Chun‐miao , Xie Ying , Yi Ting‐feng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA series of anode materials with the general formula of Li2ZnTi3O8 (LZTO) and Li2‐xZnTi3‐xNbxO8 (x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5) (LZTNO) are designed. Different amount of high valence Nb5+ dopants not only reduces the content of lithium in LZTO but also alters the intrinsic characteristics of the composites, leading to optimized electrochemical performances. XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS results suggest that Nb dopants are introduced successfully, but large amount of Nb5+ dopants (x > 0.2) result in the formation of ZnNb2O6 and TiO2. Owing to the small particle size and the improved structural stability, LZTNO‐2 sample exhibits the best electrochemical performance, and it can deliver a charge/discharge capacity of 182.7/181.2 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 500 cycles, which is much higher than the value of LZTO (100.41/100.41 mAh g−1). The experiments suggest that the introduction of high valence dopants can effectively modulate the stoichiometry and lithium content of the anode materials, making the available vacant sites for subsequent intercalation of lithium obviously extended. Such a strategy is expected to be feasibly applied to other anode materials to enhance their specific capacity and electrochemical performances.
Downregulation of YAP Activity Restricts P53 Hyperactivation to Promote Cell Survival in Confinement
Authors: Hemmati Farnaz , Akinpelu Ayuba , Song Jiyeon , Amiri Farshad , McDaniel Anya , McMurray Collins , Afthinos Alexandros , Andreadis Stelios T. , Aitken Andrew V. , Biancardi Vinicia C. , Gerecht Sharon , Mistriotis Panagiotis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCell migration through confining three dimensional (3D) topographies can lead to loss of nuclear envelope integrity, DNA damage, and genomic instability. Despite these detrimental phenomena, cells transiently exposed to confinement do not usually die. Whether this is also true for cells subjected to long‐term confinement remains unclear at present. To investigate this, photopatterning and microfluidics are employed to fabricate a high‐throughput device that circumvents limitations of previous cell confinement models and enables prolonged culture of single cells in microchannels with physiologically relevant length scales. The results of this study show that continuous exposure to tight confinement can trigger frequent nuclear envelope rupture events, which in turn promote P53 activation and cell apoptosis. Migrating cells eventually adapt to confinement and evade cell death by downregulating YAP activity. Reduced YAP activity, which is the consequence of confinement‐induced YAP1/2 translocation to the cytoplasm, suppresses the incidence of nuclear envelope rupture and abolishes P53‐mediated cell death. Cumulatively, this work establishes advanced, high‐throughput biomimetic models for better understanding cell behavior in health and disease, and underscores the critical role of topographical cues and mechanotransduction pathways in the regulation of cell life and death.
Radical Cascade Reaction in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Formation of Bicyclic 2,3‐dihydrostannoles and Other Heterocyclic Compounds from Amide‐type 1,6‐Enyne Compounds
Authors: Kamimura Akio , Kohno Kento , Ishido Kanako , Kamohara Nobuhiro , Kawamoto Takuji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAmide‐type 1,6‐enyne compounds, readily available from unsaturated N‐Boc acyl amide and propargylic mesylate, underwent a radical cascade reaction upon treatment with Bu3SnH, giving bicyclic 2,3‐dihydrostannole lactams in good yields. Regioselectivity of the reaction depended on the presence or absence of alkyne substituents; alkyl‐substituted internal alkynes selectively gave 2,3‐dihydrostannoles in good yields, while terminal alkynes gave a mixture of piperidine and 2,3‐dihydrostannole. The reaction promoted the radical cascade process starting from the addition of tin radical to the alkenyl terminal followed by 5‐exo‐dig radical cyclization. The resulting vinyl radical attack the tin atom, and direct radical substitution progressed, giving bicyclic 2,3‐dihydrostannoles in good yields.
Ketyl Radical Anion Mediated Radical Polymerization and Anionic Ring‐Opening Polymerization to Give Polymers with Low Molecular Weight Distribution
Authors: Chen Yu‐Jiao , Wu Liang‐Tao , Li Tai‐An , Pu Meng‐Qin , Sun Xiao‐Li , Bao Hongli , Wan Wen‐Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of novel polymerization capable of yielding polymers with low molecular weight distribution (Đ) is essential and significant in polymer chemistry, where monofunctional initiator contains only one initiation site in these polymerizations generally. Here, ketyl radical anion species is introduced to develop a novel Ketyl Mediated Polymerization (KMP), which enables radical polymerization at carbon radical site and anionic ring‐opening polymerization at oxygen anion site, respectively. Meanwhile, polymerization and corresponding organic synthesis generally couldn't be performed simultaneously in one pot. Through KMP, organic synthesis and polymerization are achieved in one pot, where small molecules (cyclopentane derivates) and polymers with low Đ are successfully prepared under mild condition simultaneously. At the initiation step, both organic synthesis and polymerization are initiated by single electron transfer reaction with ketyl radical anion formation. Cyclopentane derivates are synthesized through 3–3 coupling reaction and cyclization. Polystyrene and polycaprolactone with low Đ and a full monomer conversion are prepared by KMP via radical polymerization and anionic ring‐opening polymerization, respectively. This work therefore enables both organic synthesis and two different polymerizations from same initiation system, which saves time, labour, resource and energy and expands the reaction mode and method libraries of organic chemistry and polymer chemistry.
Ethanol preservation and pretreatments facilitate quality DNA extractions in recalcitrant plant species
Authors: Johnson Gabriel , Canty Steven W. J. , Lichter‐Marck Isaac H. , Wagner Warren , Wen Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPremiseThe preservation of plant tissues in ethanol is conventionally viewed as problematic. Here, we show that leaf preservation in ethanol combined with proteinase digestion can provide high‐quality DNA extracts. Additionally, as a pretreatment, ethanol can facilitate DNA extraction for recalcitrant samples.MethodsDNA was isolated from leaves preserved with 96% ethanol or from silica‐desiccated leaf samples and herbarium fragments that were pretreated with ethanol. DNA was extracted from herbarium tissues using a special ethanol pretreatment protocol, and these extracts were compared with those obtained using the standard cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method.ResultsDNA extracted from tissue preserved in, or pretreated with, ethanol was less fragmented than DNA from tissues without pretreatment. Adding proteinase digestion to the lysis step increased the amount of DNA obtained from the ethanol‐pretreated tissues. The combination of the ethanol pretreatment with liquid nitrogen freezing and a sorbitol wash prior to cell lysis greatly improved the quality and yield of DNA from the herbarium tissue samples.DiscussionThis study critically reevaluates the consequences of ethanol for plant tissue preservation and expands the utility of pretreatment methods for molecular and phylogenomic studies.
A single‐institution pediatric and young adult interventional oncology collaborative: Novel therapeutic options for relapsed/refractory solid tumors
Authors: Shaikh Raja , Weil Brent R. , Weldon Christopher B. , Chen Nan , London Wendy B. , Krush Morgan , Anderson Megan , Gebhardt Mark , Church Alanna J. , DuBois Steven G. , Pikman Yana , Spidle Jennifer , Wall Catherine B. , Feraco Angela , Ullrich Nicole J. , Mack Jennifer W. , Mullen Elizabeth , Kamihara Junne , Forrest Suzanne , Shusterman Suzanne , Janeway Katherine A. , Alomari Ahmad , Padua Horacio , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , O'Neill Allison F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric interventional oncology (PIO) is a growing field intended to provide additional or alternative treatment options for pediatric patients with benign or malignant tumors. Large series of patients treated uniformly and subjected to rigorous endpoints for efficacy are not available.MethodsWe designed a collaborative initiative to capture data from pediatric patients with benign and malignant tumors who underwent a therapeutic interventional radiology procedure. Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) was utilized as a measure of radiologic response and data were collected regarding improvement in pain and functional endpoints. Cumulative incidence of progressive disease was calculated using both the treated site and the patient as the analytic unit.FindingsForty patients, 16 with malignant tumors and 24 with benign tumors, underwent a total of 88 procedures. Cryo‐ and radiofrequency ablation were the most frequently utilized techniques for both cohorts of patients. A complete or partial response, or prolonged disease stability, were achieved in approximately 40% of patients with malignant tumors and 60% of patients with benign tumors. No patients had progressive disease as their best response. Resolution of pain and improved mobility with return‐to‐baseline activity were demonstrated across patients from both cohorts. Only minor complications were experienced.InterpretationInterventional radiology‐guided interventions can serve as an alternative or complementary approach to the treatment of benign and malignant tumors in pediatric patients. Prospective, multi‐institutional trials are required to adequately study utility, treatment endpoints, and durability of response.
Digital health in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Long Huanyu , Li Shurun , Chen Yahong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be prevented and treated through effective care, reducing exacerbations and hospitalizations. Early identification of individuals at high risk of COPD exacerbation is an opportunity for preventive measures. However, many patients struggle to follow their treatment plans because of a lack of knowledge about the disease, limited access to resources, and insufficient clinical support. The growth of digital health—which encompasses advancements in health information technology, artificial intelligence, telehealth, the Internet of Things, mobile health, wearable technology, and digital therapeutics—offers opportunities for improving the early diagnosis and management of COPD. This study reviewed the field of digital health in terms of COPD. The findings showed that despite significant advances in digital health, there are still obstacles impeding its effectiveness. Finally, we highlighted some of the major challenges and possibilities for developing and integrating digital health in COPD management.
Orthogonal Strategies for Profiling Potential Cellular Targets of Anandamide and Cannabidiol
Authors: Tang Guanghui , Lim Ying‐Jie , Wang Wei , Ye Zi , Zhang Chong‐Jing , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe human endocannabinoid system regulates a myriad of physiological processes through a complex lipid signaling network involving cannabinoids and their respective receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1 (hCB1R) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (hCB2R). Anandamide (AEA) and cannabidiol (CBD) are classical examples of cannabinoids that elicit a variety of effects, both beneficial and detrimental, through these receptors. Mounting evidence suggested the presence of other potential cannabinoid targets that may be responsible for other observable effects. However, prior pharmacological studies on these cannabinoid compounds provided scant evidence of direct engagement to these proposed targets. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, no chemoproteomic studies have been demonstrated on CBD. Here we showed that, by taking advantage of a recently developed ‘label‐free’ 2D‐TPP (2 Dimensional‐Thermal Protein Profiling) approach, we have identified several new putative targets of both AEA and CBD. Comparison of these interaction landscapes with those obtained from well‐established affinity‐based protein profiling (AfBPP) platforms has led to the discovery of both shared and unique protein targets. Subsequent target validation of selected proteins led us to conclude that this 2D‐TPP strategy complements well with AfBPP.
Derivatives of the Fungal Natural Product Illudalic Acid Inhibit the Activity of Protein Histidine Phosphatase PHPT1
Authors: Wang Hanfei , Gaston Robert , Ahmed Kh Tanvir , Dudley Gregory B. , Barrios Amy M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPHPT1 is a protein histidine phosphatase that has been implicated in several disease pathways, but the chemical tools necessary to study the biological roles of this enzyme and investigate its utility as a therapeutic target have yet to be developed. To this end, the discovery of PHPT1 inhibitors is an area of significant interest. Here, we report an investigation of illudalic acid and illudalic acid analog‐based inhibition of PHPT1 activity. Four of the seven analogs investigated had IC50 values below 5 μM, with the most potent compound (IA1‐8H2) exhibiting an IC50 value of 3.4±0.7 μM. Interestingly, these compounds appear to be non‐covalent, non‐competitive inhibitors of PHPT1 activity, in contrast to other recently reported PHPT1 inhibitors. Mutating the three cysteine residues to alanine has no effect on inhibition, indicating that cysteine is not critical for interactions between inhibitor and enzyme.
Two‐input single‐output converter with preserved output voltage under source fault
Authors: M Dhananjaya , M Jagabar Sathik , Almakhles Dhafer , Potnuru Devendra , Mekhilef Saad 
Published: June 2023

SummaryMulti‐input converters (MICs) play a significant role in the aspect of the integration of sources. The reliability of the converter can be enhanced by using a suitable fault tolerance converter design and control algorithm. A dual‐input single‐output (DISO) DC–DC converter with source fault tolerance is proposed in this paper. In the literature, there are many topologies in this area of work; however, most of them are based on time‐sharing control. In this control scheme, one input source is contributed to the load, and others are kept idle in a particular duty interval; hence, this control scheme leads to underutilization of the converter. The proposed converter is designed to circumvent these challenges and can produce boost, buck–boost, and buck operations. And also, it has a source fault feature for achieving the preserved output voltage under source V1 or V2 failure conditions. A 200‐W prototype is designed, and the feasibility of the proposed converter is validated through simulation and experimental results.
Clinical utility of an antibody‐free LC‐MS method to detect brain amyloid deposition in cognitively unimpaired individuals from the screening visit of the A4 Study
Authors: Allué José Antonio , Pascual‐Lucas María , Sarasa Leticia , Castillo Sergio , Sarasa Manuel , Sáez María Eugenia , Abdel‐Latif Sara , Rissman Robert A. , Terencio Jose 
Published: June 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis study explored the ability of plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 to identify brain amyloid deposition in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals.METHODSPlasma Aβ was quantified with an antibody‐free high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method from Araclon Biotech (ABtest‐MS) in a subset of 731 CU individuals from the screening visit of the Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) Study, to assess associations of Aβ42/Aβ40 with Aβ positron emission tomography (PET).RESULTSA model including Aβ42/Aβ40, age, apolipoprotein E ε4, and recruitment site identified Aβ PET status with an area under the curve of 0.88 and an overall accuracy of 81%. A plasma‐based pre‐screening step could save up to 42% of the total number of Aβ PET scans.DISCUSSIONABtest‐MS accurately identified brain amyloid deposition in a population of CU individuals, supporting its implementation in AD secondary prevention trials to reduce recruitment time and costs. Although a certain degree of heterogeneity is inherent to large and multicentric trials, ABtest‐MS could be more robust to pre‐analytical bias compared to other immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry methods.HIGHLIGHTS
Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 accurately identified brain Aβ deposition in cognitively unimpaired individuals from the Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) Study.
The inclusion of the recruitment site in the predictive models has a non‐negligible effect.
A plasma biomarker‐based model could reduce recruitment costs in Alzheimer's disease secondary prevention trials.
Antibody‐free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods may be more robust to pre‐analytical variability than other platforms.