bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Mayer M. M. , Miller J. A. , Shin H. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Partially purified guinea pig C′2 (Borsos, T., Rapp, H. J. and Cook, C. T., J. Immun., 87: 330, 1961) is adsorbed on EAC′4 (sheep erythrocytes carrying rabbit anti-Forssman and guinea pig C′4) suspended in 0.005 M Veronal buffer, pH 8.5, containing 0.059 M NaCl, 0.002 M MgCl2, and 5.8% sucrose. After two washings with the same buffer, the C′2 is eluted at 0°C with 0.005 M Veronal buffer, pH 6.5, containing 0.147 M NaCl and 0.05% gelatin. The product is stable and contains no guinea pig antigens other than C′2. However, it is contaminated with proteins from the sheep erythrocytes, mostly hemoglobin. For most purposes, this is not objectionable. If necessary, the contaminants may be removed by two successive electrophoretic separations on polyacrylamide gel. For improved stability, the C′2 is eluted from the gel with 0.005 M Veronal buffer, pH 7.4, containing 0.147 M NaCl and 0.05% gelatin, or with 0.15 M NaF containing 2% l-lysine.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Stolfi R. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new inhibitor, with specificity for the reaction of the eighth component of guinea pig complement (C′8), has been generated in vitro. This inhibitor may be detected in partially purified preparations of C′8 which have lost hemolytic reactivity after storage at 0 to 4°C under conditions of low ionic strength (0.04 M relative NaCl concentration) at pH 7.5. The C′8 inhibitor also may be detected in preparations of partially purified C′8 which have lost hemolytic reactivity after treatment with extremely low concentrations of trypsin. This inhibitor was called the C′8 analogue because it appeared to be generated from the hemolytically active species of the C′8 molecule after some minor molecular alteration which resulted in the loss of hemolytic activity without change in the sedimentation constant of the molecule (7.8 S), and with very little change in the net electrical charge of the molecule.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Nelson R. A. , Gigli I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An attempt has been made to study certain proteins of the complement system from a variety of different species of vertebrates and invertebrates. The major portion of the data has been accumulated on the hemolytic reactivity and physicochemical characterization of C′1 and C′9, using sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit antibody in combination with other purified components isolated from either guinea pig or human serum. Our first studies involved the fractionation of shark serum and clearly demonstrated a remarkable similarity of C′1 and C′9 with respect to specific reactivity; i.e., hemolytic units per microgram of protein when compared with guinea pig or human components, but some other physicochemical differences were apparent. Shark C′1 reacted much more efficiently on cells sensitized with shark antibody than on cells sensitized with rabbit antibody. Similar experiments have been performed with sera from other species. A final aspect of this preliminary survey concerns the distribution in different species of the protein on the surface of cells reacting in immune adherence; i.e., the protein which binds with the site on sensitized sheep cells in the state, EAbC′4,3.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Ward P. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human eosinophils obtained by dextran sedimentation of human blood containing a leukocyte differential with greater than 75% eosinophils have been studied for chemotaxis using the modified Boyden chamber. Eosinophils respond to fresh homologous serum treated with immune complexes or plasmin. Ultracentrifugal analysis in sucrose density gradients reveals that neutrophils and eosinophils respond chemotactically to identical fractions from the gradients. In serum treated with immune complexes, the zone of chemotactic activity sediments with a moderately rapid velocity corresponding to the position of C′(5,6,7)a; whereas in the plasmin-treated serum, activity is confined to the upper portion of the gradient, probably representing the C′3 fragment. Like neutrophils, eosinophils also respond to soluble bacterial factors. Thus, eosinophils and neutrophils appear to respond to identical chemotactic factors. When human C′5 (β1F globulin) prepared according to the method of Nilsson and Müller-Eberhard is treated with trypsin, chemotactic activity for neutrophils appears.
Specificity of Cytotoxic Heterologous Antiserum to Cultured Human Cancer Cells
Authors: Miller Gail Lorenz , Wilson Jean E. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Rabbit antisera prepared against representative cultures of human cancer cells (SV40 virus-transformed, HeLa, and EB2 cells) showed high cytotoxic specificity for homologous cells when tested against these and cells of other lines and strains. Similar results were observed with antisera against a new cell culture originating from human lung cancer. Antisera against cultures of normal human cells also showed specificity, but relatively low titers. Cross-reactions were observed between HeLa cell antiserum and J-111 cells and also between EB2 antiserum and EB3 cells and a new cell culture originating from human lymphosarcoma.
The cytotoxic activity of the antisera was absorbed by cells of human lines or strains other than those used to produce the antisera, but more effectively by homologous than heterologous cells. The apparent ambiguity arising from the simultaneous occurrence of high specificity of antisera with respect to cytotoxicity and low specificity with respect to absorption is discussed.
γ Globulin Synthesis in Pregnant Rabbits
Authors: Aronson Natalie 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Five days before to 2 weeks after parturition the popliteal lymph node cells of rabbits were more active with respect to synthesis of γ globulin than the corresponding cells of non-pregnant female or male rabbits. The increased activity associated with pregnancy was less conspicuous in mesenteric lymph node cells.
Many of the rabbits used in this study, both pregnant and non-pregnant, had callous-like lesions on their hind foot pads. In the pregnant animals, unlike the non-pregnant controls, the presence of these lesions was associated with especially enhanced γ globulin synthesis. However, even in the absence of grossly detectable foot pad lesions, the γ globulin synthesis of popliteal lymph node cells of pregnant animals was still significantly greater than that of the controls.
In two experiments the enhanced activity of popliteal nodes was duplicated in non-pregnant animals by injections of estrogens, but the stimulatory effect was not consistently elicited.
The enhanced activity of the isolated popliteal lymph node cells was correlated with an increase in the frequency of γ globulin containing cells, as measured by fluorescein-labeled antibody, but was not reflected in the total levels of serum γ globulin.
Synthesis and Secretion of Immunoglobulins by Established Cell Lines of Human Hematopoietic Origin
Authors: Matsuoka Y. , Takahashi M. , Yagi Y. , Moore G. E. , Pressman D. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The production of immunoglobulins by three established human hematopoietic cell lines has been studied. RPMI no. 8235 produced only κ type IgG, RPMI no. 4666 produced κ type IgA and free κ type light chains indicating an imbalance of heavy and light chain synthesis. These two cell lines are both derived from the buffy coat of patients with chronic myelogeneous leukemia. The third cell line RPMI no. 8226, which is derived from the buffy coat of a patient with multiple myeloma, produced only free λ type light chains very actively without any indication of the production of heavy chains, and appears to be a culture of cells belonging to a malignant plasma cell line.
The immunoglobulins produced by these cell lines resemble pathologic immunoglobulins produced in individuals with multiple myeloma. Each immunoglobulin was of a single light chain type and showed a well defined electrophoretic mobility.
The time course of immunoglobulin accumulation and cell proliferation indicated that the cells were able to synthesize and secrete immunoglobulins actively only while they were able to proliferate. In their most active phases, the cells of both RPMI nos. 8235 and 4666 synthesized and secreted about 3 µg of immunoglobulins per 105 cells per day, whereas the cells of RPMI no. 8226 produced about 20 µg of light chains per 105 cells per day.
Transfer with RNA Extracts of the Cell Migration Inhibition Correlate of Delayed Hypersensitivity in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Jureziz R. E. , Thor D. E. , Dray S. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
When guinea pig nonsensitive peritoneal exudate cells were incubated with RNA extracts obtained from the lymph nodes and spleens of guinea pigs sensitive to PPD or coccidioidin, the migration of these cells from capillary tubes was specifically inhibited by the antigen to which the RNA donor was sensitive. Neither the antigen alone nor RNA extracts from unimmunized guinea pigs were able to convert these cells to a state of sensitivity.
Antibody Activity Associated with the Fluorescent Polypeptide Chains of Human Immunoglobulin G
Authors: Evans Charles H. , Herron Sharon B. , Goldstein Gerald 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Direct immunofluorescent staining has been demonstrated with a conjugated human antistreptococcal IgG and its γ and light fluorescent polypeptide chains in 0.05 M sodium phosphate-0.02% sodium dodecyl sulfate, pH 7.5.
The activities of the IgG and its isolated γ and light chains are immunologically specific as indicated by the markedly greater inhibition of immunofluorescent staining of the streptococci by the unlabeled autologous IgG than by either homologous or heterologous inhibition with anti-staphylococcal serum or IgG.
The γ chains retain 12% while the light chains retain only 0.3% of the activity of the intact IgG, as judged by comparison of the intensity of immunofluorescence with the protein concentrations of the fluorescent IgG and the polypeptide chains.
Primary Stimulation of Rats and Mice with Hemocyanin in Solution and Adsorbed on Bentonite
Authors: Gallily Ruth , Garvey Justine S. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Soluble KLH was found to be a poor immunogen in rats and mice whereas particulate KLH (KLH coated on bentonite particles) behaved as a potent immunogen, eliciting anti-KLH in high titers. Formation of 19 S antibody preceded that of 7 S. Exposure of mice to a 450 r sublethal dose of x-irradiation 2 days before the injection of particulate KLH abolished their ability to produce detectable amounts of anti-KLH antibody. Soluble and particulate 35S-KLH were both taken up by macrophages in vitro, but the uptake differed in efficiency: that of the particulate was much greater.
Enhancement of Influenza Virus Multiplication by Chicken Serum
Authors: Tamm Igor 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Chicken serum increases the yield of influenza B (Lee) virus several-fold in suspension cultures of chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) in vitro. The mean increase in virus yield at a serum concentration of 23% is 550%. Serum allows the production of an additional amount of 300 to 450 hemagglutinating units (HAU) of virus per 3.8 cm2 of CAM in membranes whose yield in the absence of serum varies from 25 to 160 HAU/3.8 cm2. The percent increase in yield in the presence of serum is inversely related to the yield of virus in untreated controls.
The extent of enhancement of virus yield is similar in CAM from 7- and 10-day-old embryonated eggs, but in CAM from 13-day-old eggs and older, chicken serum inhibits viral multiplication.
The enhancing activity is approximately 50% dialyzable, and is inactivated to the extent of 40% by heating at 65°C for 30 min. The activity is not inactivated by treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, pronase, or deoxyribonuclease I.
In some chicken sera there is present a heat labile inhibitor of Lee virus multiplication. Inhibition of virus multiplication by such sera may be slight or marked. After heating at 65°C for 30 min, such sera enhance the multiplication of virus.
The Allergic Response of Rabbit Platelets
Authors: Siraganian Reuben P. , Secchi Antonio G. , Osler Abraham G. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The allergic response of rabbit platelets is characterized by increased membrane permeability to potassium (as measured by efflux of intracellular 86Rb) and is followed by the release of histamine. The same sequence has been observed under all experimental conditions. The efflux of 86Rb under the impact of an allergic reaction follows first order kinetics and is highly suggestive of membrane damage. No terminal, temperature-insensitive step has been detected. The available evidence suggests that the involvement of a platelet in the reaction sequence inevitably leads to the release of its histamine store, i.e., it reacts in an “all-or-none” fashion.
Studies of an Additional Kindred with Hereditary Deficiency of the Second Component of Human Complement (C2) and Description of a New Method for the Quantitation of C2
Authors: Cooper Neil R. , ten Bensel Robert , Kohler Peter F. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The present paper reports studies of a third kindred which manifests the hereditary C2 deficiency trait. The homozygous individual had no detectable hemolytic serum complement or C2 activity, although C2 could be detected by immune adherence; three heterozygous members of the family had 60 to 70% of the normal serum C2 titers. Normal or elevated serum C1, C3, C4 and C5 levels were obtained in all members of the kindred. There was no evidence for a C2 inhibitor in the propositus' serum; in addition, the deficiency could be corrected by the addition of purified C2.
An analytical technique which permits quantitation of very small amounts of C2 was developed and applied to the measurement of C2 in the serum of members of the family. It is based upon the quantitation of C3 uptake by EAC1, 4 as a function of C2 concentration, i.e., the immediate reaction product of a C2-dependent reaction is measured. The serum C2 level was found to be 0.5 to 4% of normal in the homozygous individual and 60 to 70% of normal in the heterozygotes. When normal sera were assayed by this technique, the C2 titers obtained were in good agreement with the values obtained by hemolytic titrations.
Strain MC29 Avian Leukosis Virus: Immunologic Relationships to Other Avian Tumor Viruses
Authors: Fritz Robert B. , Langlois A. J. , Beard D. , Beard J. W. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Previous studies showed that avian leukosis virus strain MC29 caused myeloid hematopoietic tissue neoplasms (myelocytomatosis) and an unusual spectrum of other avian virus-induced growths. In the present work, antigenic relationships between strain MC29 and established leukosis strains were investigated. MC29 antiserum prepared in the chicken effectively neutralized R and ES4 strains and exerted less, but distinct effect on BAI A in tests in chickens. Antiserums against RPL 12, BAI A, R, and ES4 strains neutralized MC29 in tissue culture. Under similar conditions MC29 immune serum neutralized RSV, but RSV antiserum was less effective against MC29. MC29 virus and virus-infected cells fixed complement in the presence of hamster anti-gs immune serum and exhibited the same immuno-precipitation reactions as BAI strain A virus and infected cells in tests with the same serum. MC29 virus was positive for Rous interference factor (RIF). These results together with the characteristic MC29 tumor spectrum show the kinship of the strain to the family of avian leukosis agents.
Role of Fumaropimaric Acid in Guinea Pig Complement Dependent and Non-Complement Dependent Biologic Reactions
Authors: Glovsky M. Michael , Ward Peter A. , Becker Elmer L. , Halbrook Noah J. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Fumaropimaric acid, one of a newly discovered group of potent, complement inhibitors has been shown to block the hemolytic activity of undiluted guinea pig serum when added in vitro, and after intravenous injection into guinea pigs. It also dissociates the activated trimolecular C′(5,6,7)a complex, preventing its chemotactic activity.
When injected intravenously in doses of 600 mg/kg or less, fumaropimaric acid suppresses the complement dependent, systemic Forssman, cutaneous Forssman and reversed passive Arthus reactions. In the last reaction it was shown that complete inhibition could occur despite no interference with the formation of tissue-bound antigen-antibody complexes or the fixation of C′3 in vessel walls. Although the lysis of sensitized erythrocytes incubated with serum from guinea pigs injected with the drug was inhibited, this did not prevent the complement reaction from proceeding to and possibly through the EAC′la (4,2)a step. Thus, the ability of C′3 to be bound in sites of the Arthus reaction inhibited by fumaropimaric acid might indicate a block in the in vivo reaction beyond the C′3 step.
It is not clear, however, whether the suppression of any of these complement dependent reactions is due to the effect of fumaropimaric acid on the complement system or on some other function(s) necessary for the expression of these responses.
The PCA reaction in guinea pigs was markedly but incompletely inhibited by fumaropimaric acid. No difference was noted in the effects of the drug on the homocytotropic reaction caused by non-complement-fixing guinea pig antibodies or the heterocytotropic reaction caused by complement-fixing rabbit antibodies. In view of the evidence that guinea pig PCA given by these antibodies is not complement dependent, it is unlikely that fumaropimaric acid exerts its partial suppressive effect on the PCA by interferring with complement. Evidence is cited that makes it unlikely that the demonstrated direct antihistaminic effect of fumaropimaric acid is responsible for the suppression of the PCA.
The Effect of Immunologically Induced Lymphopenia on Antibody Formation
Authors: Baum John , Liebermann George , Frenkel Eugene P. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The immunologic responsiveness of rats was studied following selective destruction of the lymphocyte mass by means of rabbit anti-rat lymphocyte globulin (ALG). ALG pre-treatment of rats before antigenic stimulation by sheep erythrocytes completely suppressed antibody formation. Repeated immunization of these animals well beyond the period of induced peripheral lymphocytopenia resulted in some antibody production but of only the IgM type.
By contrast, administration of the soluble antigen KLH after pre-treatment with ALG caused marked enhancement of antibody production in comparison with control groups pre-treated with saline and normal rabbit globulin. Some possible mechanisms of such enhanced response were discussed.
The Immunologic Memory of Laf1 Mice Following a Single Injection of Sheep Red Cells
Authors: Radovich Jevrosima , Hemingsen Helen , Talmage David W. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The effect of a single injection of sheep red cells into LAF1 adult mice on the capacity of spleen cells to produce an immune response in x-irradiated recipients has been studied, using the linear cell dose response assay obtained by adding normal bone marrow cells and the direct and indirect Jerne plaque techniques. By assaying the immune capacity of the spleen cells at frequent intervals the following changes were demonstrated: an initial fall, a marked logarithmic rise, a more modest rise, a second fall and then a rebound. A greater memory in the indirect plaque-forming cell system became apparent only after day 30.
Immunoglobulin and Specific Antibody Synthesis in a Chronic Inflammatory Focus: Antigen-Induced Synovitis
Authors: Jasin Hugo E. , Ziff Morris 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Incorporation of 14C amino acids into immunoglobulin and specific antibody (anti-BSA) was measured simultaneously in synovial membrane, buffy coat cells and spleen cells of rabbits, utilizing a coprecipitation technique. When immunoglobulin synthesis was measured in the synovial membranes of normal rabbits, small but significant amounts of newly-synthesized immunoglobulin were detected. In one of these animals undergoing a secondary response to BSA, 39.3% of the radioactive γ globulin synthesized by the synovium was accounted for as anti-BSA. At the same time, 28.4% and 67.2% of the immunoglobulin synthesized by the buffy coat and spleen-cells was also anti-BSA. It was concluded that antibody-forming cells of the recirculating lymphocyte pool enter normal tissue.
A synovial inflammatory reaction was produced by three intra-articular injections of BSA. This was dependent on the appearance of systemic immunity to BSA since no synovitis developed in immunologically tolerant animals. When immunoglobulin and anti-BSA synthesis was measured in two rabbits with synovitis induced by such intra-articular injections, the fraction of γ globulin synthesized in synovium in the form of specific antibody was found to be 18.2% and 42.2%, respectively, while the fraction found for the spleen cells of the same animals was similar, i.e., 23.7% and 43.7%, respectively. This similarity in specific antibody synthesis in synovium and spleen indicated that the antibody-forming cell populations in both sites were similar.
The synovial membranes of two rabbits given three intra-articular injections of PHA or SLS synthesized large amounts of γ globulin. This correlated well with the histologic appearance of the tissues, which were infiltrated with lymphocytes and plasma cells. When the amount of anti-BSA synthesized during a secondary response was measured in the synovial membranes, large amounts of radioactivity were accounted for as anti-BSA. The elevated level of synthesis of anti-BSA appeared to be a consequence of the accumulation of specifically committed cells in nonspecifically induced synovial inflammatory foci.
These observations indicate (1) that immunoglobulin and specific antibody-synthesizing cells accumulate in chronic inflammatory foci produced by local injection of antigen or nonspecific inflammatory agents and (2) that the specificity of such antibody-producing cells reflects the overall immune status of the host.
Correlation between the Neutralizing Activity of Human Serum against Herpes Simplex Virus and a Simian Herpesvirus (SA8)
Authors: Hampar B. , Stevens D. A. , Martos L. M. , Ablashi D. V. , Burroughs M. A. K. , Wells G. A. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Cross-neutralization tests were carried out between various Group A and Group B herpesviruses using rabbit or rooster antisera. The viruses studied included herpes simplex, SA8 (a simian herpesvirus isolated from vervet monkeys), SA6 (a simian cytomegalovirus isolated from vervet monkeys), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and pseudorabies. Reciprocal cross-reactivity was found between HSV and SA8 (both Group A herpesviruses), but not between other virus pairs.
Sera from certain healthy (normal) humans were shown to contain neutralizing antibodies against both HSV and SA8, but not against IBR or PRV. The neutralizing activity of these human sera against HSV and SA8 was localized in the 7 S antibody fractions. The results suggested that neutralization of SA8 by human serum was due to a heterotypic response between SA8 and antibody to HSV, rather than to immunogenic exposure of these individuals to SA8.