bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal organs and organoids-on-a-chip: advances and translation into the clinics
Authors: Carvalho Mariana R , Yan Le-Ping , Li Bo , Zhang Chang-Hua , He Yu-Long , Reis Rui L , Oliveira Joaquim M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Microfluidic organs and organoids-on-a-chip models of human gastrointestinal systems have been established to recreate adequate microenvironments to study physiology and pathophysiology. In the effort to find more emulating systems and less costly models for drugs screening or fundamental studies, gastrointestinal system organoids-on-a-chip have arisen as promising pre-clinical in vitro model. This progress has been built on the latest developments of several technologies such as bioprinting, microfluidics, and organoid research. In this review, we will focus on healthy and disease models of: human microbiome-on-a-chip and its rising correlation with gastro pathophysiology; stomach-on-a-chip; liver-on-a-chip; pancreas-on-a-chip; inflammation models, small intestine, colon and colorectal cancer organoids-on-a-chip and multi-organoids-on-a-chip. The current developments related to the design, ability to hold one or more ‘organs’ and its challenges, microfluidic features, cell sources and whether they are used to test drugs are overviewed herein. Importantly, their contribution in terms of drug development and eminent clinical translation in precision medicine field, Food and Drug Administration approved models, and the impact of organoid-on-chip technology in terms of pharmaceutical research and development costs are also discussed by the authors.
Study on the impact of industrial digitization on carbon emissions: evidence from China’s Logistics Industry
Authors: Xie Xinyu , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Digitization of the industrial sector is critical to combat climate change and reduce carbon emissions. The application of digital technology in traditional high-carbon emission industries can improve energy use efficiency and provide an essential technological path for carbon reduction. This study uses a coupled coordination degree model to measure the degree of integration between China’s logistics industry and the digital economy. An environmental Kurtzwarts curve (EKC) panel and a non-linear mediation model was then constructed to analyse the impact of digitization of China’s logistics industry on carbon emissions and its driving mechanisms using panel data from 30 regions in China from 2011 to 2020. The empirical results show that: (1) The level of integration between the logistics industry and digital economy led to an evident characteristic of ‘high in the east and low in the west.’ However, the regional differences are gradually decreasing over time. (2) The influence of the integration between the logistics industry and digital economy on carbon emission is in an inverted U-shape when the integration degree of the two exceeds the inflection point value of 0.76 to play the role of carbon At present, only in Guangdong, the degree of integration crosses the inflection point and plays an environment-friendly digital role. (3) As a crucial external environmental condition affecting carbon emissions, the degree of integration between logistics and digital economy will play an early role in carbon emission reduction under environmental regulation. (4) The degree of integration of the logistics industry and digital economy achieves carbon emission reduction through strengthening energy use efficiency and technological progress, in which the mediating effect of energy consumption intensity accounts for 23.05% of the total effect, ranging from 18.82% to 31.68%; the mediating effect of technological progress accounts for 13.25% of the total effect, ranging from 12.67% to 14.40%.
Crossover phenomenon in adversarial attacks on voter model
Authors: Mizutaka Shogo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A recent study (Chiyomaru and Takemoto 2022 Phys. Rev. E 106 014301) considered adversarial attacks conducted to distort voter model dynamics in networks. This method intervenes in the interaction patterns of individuals and induces them to be in a target opinion state through a small perturbation ε. In this study, we investigate adversarial attacks on voter dynamics in random networks of finite size n. The exit probability P
+1 to reach the target absorbing state and the mean time τ

n
to reach consensus are analyzed in the mean-field approximation. Given ε > 0, the exit probability P
+1 converges asymptotically to unity as n increases. The mean time τ

n
to reach consensus scales as

(
ln
ϵ
n
)
/
ϵ

for homogeneous networks with a large finite n. By contrast, it scales as

(
ln
(
ϵ

μ
1
2

n

/

μ
2

)
)

/

ϵ

for heterogeneous networks with a large finite n, where µ
1 and µ
2 represent the first and second moments of the degree distribution, respectively. Moreover, we observe the crossover phenomenon of τ

n
from a linear scale to a logarithmic scale and find

n

c
o

∼

ϵ

−
1

/

α

above which the state of all nodes becomes the target state in logarithmic time. Here, α = 1 for homogeneous networks and

α
=
(
γ
−
1
)

/

2

for scale-free networks with a degree exponent

2
<
γ
<
3

.
About the generalizability of deep learning based image quality assessment in mammography
Authors: Faller Josua , Amanova Narbota , van Engen Ruben , Martin Jörg , Elster Clemens 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
One method of assessing the image quality of a mammography unit is to estimate a contrast-detail-curve (CDC) that is obtained from images of a technical phantom. It has been proposed to estimate this CDC by using an end-to-end neural network (NN) which only needs one image to determine the CDC. That approach, however, has been developed on the basis of images of one single mammography unit. In this work, we train NNs on synthetic images of contrast-detail phantoms for mammography and test the so-trained NNs on images that are obtained from real mammography units. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that such a deep learning approach is capable to generalize to predict CDCs for various real mammography units. Our experiments cover various manufacturers and the proposed approach is shown to work across different NN architectures and preprocessing methods which highlights its generalizability.
Associations Between Cognitive Impairment and Neuroimaging in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Wilcox Olivia , Amin Moein , Hancock Laura , Nakamura Kunio , Lace John , Ontaneda Daniel , Galioto Rachel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease which commonly involves cognitive dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that patients with MS (pwMS) have diffuse patterns of brain atrophy, however, the relationship between the presentation of cognitive dysfunction and brain tissue loss remains understudied. Given the integral function of thalamus as a central nervous system relay center and its involvement in various brain circuits, thalamic atrophy may play a key role in the development and progression of cognitive dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between cognitive impairment in pwMS and thalamic atrophy.

Methods
A total of 121 pwMS who had neuropsychological testing and quantitative MRI within 1 year of each were retrospectively identified. Grouped LASSO linear regression with 10-fold cross validation was used to estimate each neuropsychological test score with thalamic volume as the focal predictor and all other demographic and MRI metrics as covariates.

Results
Rates of impairment ranged from 19% to 44%. Results showed notable associations between thalamic volume and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (β = 0.11), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, delayed (β = 0.12), California Verbal Learning Test, delayed and total (β = 0.24 and β = 0.15 respectively), and Trail Making Test Part A (β = −0.01), after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate an independent association between thalamic volumes and processing speed and memory performance, after accounting for demographic, clinical, and other MRI variables, among pwMS.
bubbleHeatmap: an R package for visualization of Nightingale Health metabolomics datasets
Authors: Boxall Ruth , Holmes Michael V , Walters Robin G 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Summary
We present bubbleHeatmap, an R plotting package which combines elements of a bubble plot and heatmap to conveniently display two numerical variables for each data point across a categorical two dimensional grid. This has particular advantages for visualizing the 251 metabolomic measures produced by the automated, high-throughput, 1H-NMR-based platform provided by Nightingale Health, which includes 12 measures repeated across each of 14 lipoprotein subclasses. As these metabolomic profiles are currently available for large biobanks, we provide a figure template to aid the use of bubbleHeatmap in displaying results from analyses using these data.

Availability and implementation
https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bubbleHeatmap
Weight Gain After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation and Subsequent Risk of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Bares Sara H , Wu Xingye , Tassiopoulos Katherine , Lake Jordan E , Koletar Susan L , Kalayjian Robert , Erlandson Kristine M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Weight gain following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is common. We assessed the impact of changes in weight in the year following ART initiation with subsequent cardiometabolic disease among AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) participants.

Methods
Linear regression models were fit to examine the association between change in weight/waist circumference (WC) in weeks 0–48 and change in metabolic parameters in weeks 0–48 and 48–96. Cox proportional hazard models were fit to examine the association between changes in weight/WC in weeks 0–48 and diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome, or cardiometabolic and cardiovascular events after week 48.

Results
Participants (N = 2624) were primarily male (81%) and non-White (60%). Mean weight gain from 0–48 weeks was 3.6 kg (SD 7.3); 130 participants developed DM; 360 metabolic syndrome; 424 any cardiometabolic event; 28 any cardiovascular event, over 480 weeks of follow-up. In adjusted models, total cholesterol increased by 0.63 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI] [.38, .089]) and LDL by 0.39 mg/dL (0.19, 0.59) per 1 kg increase in weight from weeks 0 to48. Participants who experienced &gt;10% weight gain (vs −5% to 5%) had an increased risk of DM (hazard ratio [HR] 2.01, 95% CI [1.30, 3.08]), metabolic syndrome (HR 2.24, 95% CI [1.55, 2.62]), and cardiometabolic outcomes (HR 1.54, 95% CI [1.22, 1.95]). Participants who lost more than 5% of their baseline weight had a lower risk of incident metabolic syndrome (HR 0.67, 95% CI [0.42, 1.07]). Trends for WC were similar.

Conclusions
Weight and body composition changes in the first year following ART initiation are associated with contemporaneous changes in metabolic parameters and subsequent cardiometabolic disease.
Heart rate–corrected systolic ejection time: population-based reference values and differential prognostic utility in acute heart failure
Authors: Morbach Caroline , Simon Isabelle , Danner Elisabeth , Gelbrich Götz , Stefenelli Ulrich , Sahiti Floran , Scholz Nina , Cejka Vladimir , Albert Judith , Ertl Georg , Angermann Christiane E , Güder Gülmisal , Frantz Stefan , Heuschmann Peter U , Maack Christoph , Störk Stefan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
Systolic ejection time (SET) is discussed as a treatment target in patients with heart failure (HF) and a reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). We derived reference values for SET correcting for its dependence on heart rate (SETc), and explored its prognostic utility in patients admitted with decompensated HF.

Methods and results
SETc was derived in 4836 participants of the population-based STAAB study (mean age 55 ± 12 years, 52% women). There, mean SETc was 328 ± 18 ms, increased with age (+4.7 ms per decade), was shorter in men than women (−14.9 ms), and correlated with arterial elastance (r = 0.30; all P &lt; 0.001). In 134 patients hospitalized with acute HF, SETc at admission was shorter when compared with the general population and differed between patients with HF with reduced EF (HFrEF; LVEF ≤40%; 269 ± 35 ms), HF with mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF; LVEF 41–49%; 294 ± 27 ms), and HF with preserved EF (HFpEF; LVEF ≥50%; 317 ± 35 ms; P &lt; 0.001). In proportional hazard regression, an in-hospital increase in SETc was associated with an age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio of 0.38 (95% confidence interval 0.18–0.79) in patients with HFrEF, but a hazard ratio of 2.39 (95% confidence interval 1.24–4.64) in patients with HFpEF.

Conclusion
In the general population, SETc increased with age and an elevated afterload. SETc was mildly reduced in patients hospitalized with HFpEF, but markedly reduced in patients with HFrEF. In-hospital prolongation of SETc predicted a favourable outcome in HFrEF, but an adverse outcome in HFpEF. Our results support the concept of a U-shaped relationship between cardiac systolic function and risk, providing a rationale for a more individualized treatment approach in patients with HF.
Unexpected Supply Effects of Quantitative Easing and Tightening
Authors: D’Amico Stefania , Seida Tim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To analyse the evolution of the effects of quantitative easing and tightening across consecutive announcements, we focus on their unexpected component. Treasury yield sensitivities to quantitative tightening supply surprises are on average larger than sensitivities to quantitative easing surprises, implying that supply effects did not diminish during periods of market calm amid economic expansion. Yield sensitivities to later quantitative easing and tightening surprises do not fall monotonically, and thus supply shocks seemed to remain powerful. Finally, yield sensitivities are amplified by the amount of interest rate uncertainty prevailing before announcements, implying that turning points in the balance sheet policy tended to elicit larger reactions.
Increasing donor–recipient weight mismatch in infant heart transplantation is associated with shorter waitlist duration and no increased morbidity or mortality
Authors: Alsoufi Bahaaldin , Kozik Deborah , Lambert Andrea Nicole , Wilkens Sarah , Trivedi Jaimin , Deshpande Shriprasad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Infants awaiting paediatric heart transplantation (PHT) experience long waitlist duration and high mortality due to donor shortage. Using the United Network for Organ Sharing database, we explored if increasing donor–recipient weight ratio (DRWR) &gt;2.0 (recommended cutoff) was associated with adverse outcomes.

METHODS
Between 2007 and 2020, 1392 infants received PHT. We divided cohort into 3 groups: A (DRWR ≤1.0, n = 239, 17%), B (DRWR 1.0–2.0, n = 947, 68%), C (DRWR &gt;2.0, n = 206, 15%). Group characteristics and PHT outcomes were analysed.

RESULTS
DRWR ranged between 0.5 and 4.1. Underlying pathology (congenital versus cardiomyopathy), gender, race, renal function and mechanical circulatory support were comparable between groups. Group C patients were more likely to be ventilated, to receive ABO blood group (ABO)-incompatible heart and to have longer donor ischaemic time. Waitlist duration was significantly shorter for group C (33 vs 50 days, P &lt; 0.1). Early outcomes for groups A, B and C were the following (respectively): operative death (6%, 4%, 3%, P = 0.29), primary graft dysfunction (5%, 3%, 3%, P = 0.30), renal failure (10%, 7%, 7%, P = 0.42) and stroke (3%, 4%, 1%, P = 0.36). The DRWR group was not associated with operative death in either congenital (odds ratio (OR) = 0.819, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.523–1.282) or cardiomyopathy (OR = 1.221, 95% CI = 0.780–1.912) patients and only significant factor was pre-PHT extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR = 4.400, 95% CI = 2.761–7.010). Additionally, survival at 1 year (87%, 87%, 85%, P = 0.80) and 5 years (76%, 78%, 77%, P = 0.80) was comparable between the DRWR groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Infants who received PHT with DRWR &gt;2.0, up to 4.1, experienced shorter waitlist duration with no demonstrable increase in peri-transplant complications, operative or late mortality. Historic practice to avoid DRWR &gt; 2.0 due to complications (e.g. hypertension-related stroke, graft dysfunction, death) is not currently supported in infants and stretching DRWR acceptance criteria would decrease PHT waitlist duration and potentially improve waitlist complications and mortality.
Precarity and populism: explaining populist outlook and populist voting in Europe through subjective financial and work-related insecurity
Authors: Zhirnov Andrei , Antonucci Lorenza , Thomeczek Jan Philipp , Horvath Laszlo , D’Ippoliti Carlo , Mongeau Ospina Christian Alexander , Krouwel André , Kersting Norbert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Precarity is often evoked in discussions about the rise of populism, but there is a dearth of systematic operationalization of the sociological concept of insecurity in populist research. This study fills this gap by theorizing about and empirically linking work-related and financial insecurity to populist outlook and voting in ten European countries. We propose a theoretical framework that links insecurity, respectively, to populist attitudes (symbolic link) and to populist voting (instrumental link). Our empirical investigation of 10 European countries finds a positive association between work and financial insecurity and populist outlook (people-centrism and anti-elitism, in particular) in all our case study countries. Precarity explains votes for Radical Populist Right and Radical Populist Left in all cases except populist right voting in Poland, Hungary, and Italy. Among the dimensions of precarity, financial insecurity and insecurity of work conditions show a particularly significant association with populist attitudes and voting, while the insecurity of tenure provides mixed results. These results suggest that insecurity may have an effect on the diffusion of populist attitudes and populist voting. It also indicates that populist outlook and voting should be investigated by not simply examining the insecurity of tenure but also using measures of insecurity that capture the conditions of work and financial insecurity of individuals.
Financial barriers to primary health care in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Jeffreys Mona , Ellison-Loschmann Lis , Irurzun-Lopez Maite , Cumming Jacqueline , McKenzie Fiona 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
In Aotearoa New Zealand, co-payments to see a general practitioner (GP, family doctor) or collect a prescription are payable by virtually all adults.

Objective
To examine the extent to which these user co-payments are a barrier to accessing health care, focussing on inequities for indigenous Māori.

Methods
Pooled data from sequential waves (years) of the New Zealand Health Survey, 2011/12 to 2018/19 were analysed. Outcomes were self-reported cost barriers to seeing a GP or collecting a prescription in the previous year. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of barriers to care for Māori compared with non-Māori, sequentially adjusting for additional explanatory variables.

Results
Pooled data included 107,231 people, 22,292 (21%) were Māori. Across all years, 22% of Māori (13% non-Māori) experienced a cost barrier to seeing a GP, and 14% of Māori (5% non-Māori) reported a cost barrier to collecting a prescription. The age- and wave-adjusted OR comparing Māori/non-Māori was 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61, 1.81) for the cost barrier to primary care and 2.97 (95% CI: 2.75, 3.20) for the cost barrier to collecting prescriptions. Sociodemographics accounted for about half the inequity for both outcomes; in a fully adjusted model, age, sex, low income, and poorer underlying health were determinants of both outcomes, and deprivation was additionally associated with the cost barrier to collecting a prescription but not to seeing a GP.

Conclusions
Māori experience considerable inequity in access to primary health care; evidence supports an urgent need for change to system funding to eliminate financial barriers to care.
Fungal Fight Club: phylogeny and growth rate predict competitive outcomes among ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Smith Alexander H , Bogar Laura M , Moeller Holly V 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi are among the most prevalent fungal partners of plants and can constitute up to one-third of forest microbial biomass. As mutualistic partners that supply nutrients, water, and pathogen defense, these fungi impact host plant health and biogeochemical cycling. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are also extremely diverse, and the community of fungal partners on a single plant host can consist of dozens of individuals. However, the factors that govern competition and coexistence within these communities are still poorly understood. In this study, we used in vitro competitive assays between five ectomycorrhizal fungal strains to examine how competition and pH affect fungal growth. We also tested the ability of evolutionary history to predict the outcomes of fungal competition. We found that the effects of pH and competition on fungal performance varied extensively, with changes in growth media pH sometimes reversing competitive outcomes. Furthermore, when comparing the use of phylogenetic distance and growth rate in predicting competitive outcomes, we found that both methods worked equally well. Our study further highlights the complexity of ectomycorrhizal fungal competition and the importance of considering phylogenetic distance, ecologically relevant traits, and environmental conditions in predicting the outcomes of these interactions.
Lactobacillus casei condition medium downregulates miR-21 relative expression in HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Ramin , Bahadori Ali , Ghorbani Mahdi , Mohammadimehr Mojgan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated promising outcomes regarding the advantageous impact of probiotics in both cancer prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underpinning these effects remain elusive. Recent investigations have proposed a potential involvement of micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in mediating the favorable influence of probiotics on cancerous cells. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus casei condition medium on miR-21 relative expression in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Lactobacillus casei condition medium mixed with RPMI in different proportions (1:1, 1:3, and 1:7) and utilized to treat HT-29 cells for 24 and 48 h. Subsequently, percentage of early and late apoptotic cells were identified using a flow cytometry instrument. A real-time polymerase chain reaction was carried out to determine the relative expression of miR-21. Our findings revealed that L. casei condition medium induces apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HT-29 cells. Furthermore, we found a significantly downregulated miR-21 after treatment with high doses of L. casei condition medium after 48 h. Overall, our results provide valuable insights into a potential mechanism through which L. casei condition medium mediates its apoptotic effect in colorectal cancer cells through downregulation of miR-21. However, further investigations are required to unravel its therapeutic, diagnostic, and treatment monitoring potential.