bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenetic actionability and medication prescribing in people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Anderson Justin D. , Davis Brittney H. , Giang Gracie , Jones April , Lee Cameron R. , Parker Kennedy , Searcy Heather , Benner Kim , Limdi Nita A. , Guimbellot Jennifer S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough major advancements have been made in the therapeutics for people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), many still require the use of multiple medications to manage acute exacerbations of disease and maintain health. Iterative trial and error processes of pharmacotherapeutic management can be optimized by assessing and incorporating pharmacogenetics. For 82 PwCF, we reviewed 2 years of medication use and response history and interrogated metabolizer status for common pharmacogenes, revealing 3336 medication exposure events (MEEs) to 286 unique medications. As expected, the more frequent MEEs were those commonly used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF), such as antibiotics and respiratory medications. Antibiotics also comprised 56.7% of the undesirable drug responses. The impact of gene variants on drug responses was assessed using Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) and Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines. Thirty‐three (11.5%) medications have strong evidence of genetic influence on response as evidenced by gene‐based dosing guidelines. 110 (38.5%) unique medications had at least one association with a very important pharmacogene, whereas 143 (50%) were associated with at least one clinical or variant annotation. Over 97% of participants had at least one actionable genotype. Eleven (13.4%) patients with an actionable genotype, taking the impacted medication, had an undesirable drug response described in the CPIC guidelines that could potentially have been mitigated with a priori knowledge of the genotype. PwCF take many medications for disease management, with frequent dose changes to elicit a desired clinical effect. As CF care evolves, implementing pharmacogenetics testing can improve efficiency and safety of prescribing practices using precision selection and dosing at medication initiation.
Prognostic value of the preoperative albumin‐bilirubin score among patients with stages I–III gastric cancer undergoing radical resection: A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zheng Jingwei , Yang Hui , Yang Xinxin , Cai Wentao , Chen Xiaodong , Zhang Weiteng , Shen Xian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) score was originally used to accurately assess liver dysfunction and predict the prognoses of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Following its more recent application to patients with gastrointestinal tumors, this study analyzed the prognostic value of the ALBI score in Chinese patients with advanced resectable (tumor‐node‐metastasis [TNM] stages I–III) gastric cancer (GC). This study investigated 1185 patients with advanced GC, including 429 with TNM stage I. The patients were divided into training and verifications groups (593 and 592 patients, respectively) in which these patients were classified as high risk (ALBI score ≥ −2.65) or low risk (ALBI score < −2.65). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed, and a visual survival prediction model (nomogram) was created. On Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients who were low‐risk and high‐risk according to their ALBI scores had significantly different survival rates in both the training and verification groups (p < 0.01). The difference was also significant when analyzing only patients with TNM stage I GC (p = 0.031). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the ALBI score (p = 0.014), age (p < 0.001), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 score (p = 0.024), sarcopenia (p = 0.049), tumor differentiation (p = 0.027), and TNM stage (p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for survival. Our survival prediction model that incorporated the ALBI score accurately predicted the 5‐year survival rate of Chinese patients with GC. Therefore, the ALBI score is a valid clinical indicator and good predictor of survival after surgery for progressive GC. Moreover, this score is simple to derive and does not burden patients with additional costs.
Examining network entry decisions in healthcare: Network and organizational characteristics
Authors: Yan Zhenzhen , Li Mei , Ni John Z. , McFadden Kathleen L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccountable Care Organizations (ACOs) are healthcare collaboration networks comprised of hospitals and other healthcare providers. The motivation behind the formation of ACOs is to improve the quality of care while reducing healthcare costs. Despite these commendable goals, hospitals’ participation in ACOs remains low; the most significant barrier being the risk associated with joining. Our research tackles this timely and potentially impactful topic by exploring factors that facilitate hospitals' ACO entry decisions. We apply resource dependence theory to explain that competition network characteristics, organizational network characteristics, and internal organizational characteristics mitigate hospitals’ financial risk and are therefore critical to ACO participation. Using survival analysis, we test our research hypotheses using longitudinal data from 3114 hospitals. Our findings suggest that hospitals with a high level of competition network centrality are more likely to join an ACO, while hospitals with a high level of competition network tie diversity are less likely to join. In addition, hospitals with experience in joining other healthcare networks, such as Regional Healthcare Information Organizations, or belonging to a large parent group, are inclined to enter an ACO. Lastly, hospitals with a high level of unabsorbed slack are prone to ACO participation. Given that knowledge of hospitals’ participation in ACOs is lacking, this research is relevant for practitioners in the US healthcare industry. Specifically, it provides insights for hospital administrators on the critical resources that need to be strengthened before joining an ACO. Our findings also provide practical guidance for healthcare policy makers on how to profile, target, and efficiently promote ACO participation among hospitals.
Does immune dysregulation contribute towards development of hypopigmentation in Indian post kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis?
Authors: Sengupta Ritika , Mitra Sneha , Dighal Aishwarya , Moulik Srija , Chaudhuri Surya Jyati , Das Nilay Kanti , Chatterjee Uttara , Chatterjee Mitali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPost kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), a sequel of apparently cured visceral leishmaniasis (VL) presents with papulonodular (polymorphic) or hypopigmented lesions (macular) and is the proposed disease reservoir. As hypopigmentation appears consistently in PKDL, especially the macular form, this study aimed to delineate immune factors that singly or in combination could contribute towards this hypopigmentation. At lesional sites, the presence of melanocytes and CD8+ T‐cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression of melanogenic markers (tyrosinase, tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 and MITF) by droplet digital PCR, while plasma levels of cytokines and chemokines were measured by a multiplex assay. In comparison with skin from healthy individuals, macular PKDL demonstrated a near total absence of Melan‐A+ cells at dermal sites, while the polymorphic cases demonstrated a 3.2‐fold decrease, along with a dramatic reduction in the expression of key enzymes related to the melanogenesis signalling pathway in both forms. The levels of circulating IFN‐γ, IL‐6, IL‐2, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ‐inducible chemokines (CXCL9/10/11) were elevated and was accompanied by an increased lesional infiltration of CD8+ T‐cells. The proportion of CD8+ T‐cells correlated strongly with plasma levels of IFN‐γ (r = 0.8), IL‐6 (r = 0.9, p < 0.05), IL‐2 (r = 0.7), TNF‐α (r = 0.9, p < 0.05) and IL‐1β (r = 0.7), as also with CXCL9 (r = 0.5) and CXCL10 (r = 0.6). Taken together, the absence/reduction in Melan‐A suggested hypopigmentation in PKDL was associated with the destruction of melanocytes, following the impairment of the melanogenesis pathway. Furthermore, the presence of CD8+ T‐cells and an enhanced IFN‐γ‐associated immune milieu suggested the generation of a pro‐inflammatory landscape that facilitated melanocyte dysfunction/destruction.
Coherence among Oregon Coast coho salmon populations highlights increasing relative importance of marine conditions for productivity
Authors: Davis Melanie J. , Anthony James , Ward Eric J. , Firman Julie , Lorion Christopher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnadromous fishes, such as Pacific salmon, spend portions of their life cycle in freshwater and marine systems, thus rendering them susceptible to a variety of natural and anthropogenic stressors. These stressors operate at different spatiotemporal scales, whereby freshwater conditions are more likely to impact single populations or subpopulations, while marine conditions are more likely to act on entire evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). Coherence in population parameters like survival and productivity can therefore serve as an indicator of relative influence. The goal of this study was to elucidate scale‐dependent shifts in Oregon Coast coho salmon productivity. We used a multivariate state‐space approach to analyze almost 60 years of stock‐recruitment data for the Oregon Coast ESU. Analyses were conducted separately for time periods prior to and after 1990 to account for improvements in abundance estimation methods and significant changes in conservation and management strategies. Prior to 1990, productivity declined for most Oregon Coast populations, especially through the 1980s. From 1990–onward, coherence increased, and trends tracked closely with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). The latter period is associated with reductions in harvest rates and hatchery production such that the relative influence of the marine environment may have grown more apparent following the removal of these stressors. Furthermore, the link between productivity and NPGO is consistent with trends observed for several other Pacific salmon ESUs. If Oregon Coast coho salmon populations become more synchronous, managers can expect to face new challenges driven by reductions in the population portfolio effect and increasingly variable marine conditions due to climate change.
Effects of thyme on halitosis in gingivitis patients: Can thyme mouthwash prevent halitosis—A randomized trial
Authors: Altındal Dicle , Deveci Kübra Ceran , Öner Talmaç Ayşe Gül , Talmaç Ahmet Cemil , Çalışır Metin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesBad breath is a condition that negatively affects people's social interactions and quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thyme mouthwash on intraoral halitosis, gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) in patients with gingivitis.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 60 gingivitis patients (30 women/30 men) received initial periodontal treatment followed by oral hygiene instructions (OHI) and then were divided into four groups: The control group (C) received only OHI, while chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash was prescribed to the CHX group, Zinc acetate and CHX diacetate mouthwash was prescribed to the zinc acetate and CHX diacetate (ZnA) group, and the thyme (T) group was instructed to use thyme mouthwash. GI, PI and volatile sulfur compound (VSC) values were recorded at baseline and at the first week of treatment.ResultsThe initial values of the recorded parameters did not differ significantly between the groups. In all groups, VSCs, GI and PI decreased after treatment (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the PI values of the groups after treatment (p = 0.188). On the contrary, the GI and VSC values after treatment were significantly different between the groups (p = 0.001). GI values were highest in the control group and lowest in the CHX group. In terms of VSCs, a significant difference was found between groups T and C, and between groups T and ZnA (p = 0.001).ConclusionThis study showed that the use of thyme mouthwash after periodontal treatment was effective in improving bad breath and gingivitis in gingivitis patients.
Identifying patterns of lifestyle behaviours linked to sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions among young adults in South Korea
Authors: Choi JiSun , Yun Eun Kyoung , Byun Hye Min 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsTo identify specific patterns of lifestyle behaviours among young adults and examine the relationships of the patterns to sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions (hypertension, diabetes and obesity).DesignDescriptive, correlational study.MethodsData from a nationally representative sample of 4562 young adults aged 19–39, who participated in the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were analysed. Latent class analysis was used to identify the patterns of lifestyle behaviours, including smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and vaccination. Generalized linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationships among lifestyle behaviour patterns, sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions.ResultsThree patterns of lifestyle behaviours were identified: physically active (6.9%), high risk (21.5%) and passive (71.6%). The membership of these three patterns was significantly associated with sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, education level, occupation and living arrangement). Among the three groups, young adults in the high‐risk group were found to be significantly associated with all three health conditions (hypertension, diabetes and obesity) while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.ConclusionThese results indicate that young adults are likely to engage in unhealthy lifestyle behaviours that are related to individual socioeconomic conditions, which could negatively affect their health conditions.ImpactThis study provides insights into the lifestyle behaviours among young adults who have been recognized to be socially disadvantaged. This could help develop education and prevention programmes tailored to specific patterns of lifestyle behaviours for improving health while considering their socioeconomic contexts.No Patient or Public ContributionThis applies to this research as the focus was on young adults in South Korea only.
A new method to explicitly estimate the shift of optimum along gradients in multispecies studies
Authors: Mourguiart Bastien , Liquet Benoit , Mengersen Kerrie , Couturier Thibaut , Mansons Jérôme , Braud Yoan , Besnard Aurélien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimOptimum shifts in species–environment relationships are intensively studied in a wide range of ecological topics, including climate change and species invasion. Numerous statistical methods are used to study optimum shifts, but, to our knowledge, none explicitly estimate it. We extended an existing model to explicitly estimate optimum shifts for multiple species having symmetrical response curves. We called this new Bayesian hierarchical model the Explicit Hierarchical Model of Optimum Shifts (EHMOS).LocationAll locations.TaxonAll taxa.MethodsIn a simulation study, we compared the accuracy of EHMOS to a mean comparison method and a Bayesian generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Specifically, we tested if the accuracy of the methods was sensitive to (1) sampling design, (2) species optimum position and (3) species ecological specialization. In addition, we compared the three methods using a real dataset of investigated optimum shifts in 24 Orthopteran species between two time periods along an elevation gradient.ResultsOf all the simulated scenarios, EHMOS was the most accurate method. GLMM was the most sensitive method to species optimum position, providing unreliable estimates in the presence of marginal species, that is, species with an optimum close to a sampling boundary. The mean comparison method was also sensitive to species optimum position and ecological specialization, especially in an unbalanced sampling design, with high negative bias and low interval coverage compared to EHMOS. The case study results obtained with EHMOS were consistent with what is expected considering ongoing climate change, with mostly upward shifts, which further improved confidence in the accuracy of the EHMOS method.Main ConclusionsExplicit Hierarchical Model of Optimum Shifts could be used for a wide range of topics and extended to produce new insights, especially in climate change studies. Explicit estimation of optimum shifts notably allows investigation of ecological assumptions that could explain interspecific variability of these shifts.
The role of poly (ADP‐ribose) glycohydrolase in phosphatase and tensin homolog deficiency endometrial cancer
Authors: Sun Yanyan , Shi Yi , Liu Hui , Lv Chunmei , Zhang Aihua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the relationship between poly(ADP‐ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and the occurrence, development, and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma (EC), and investigate whether the PARG inhibitor PDD0017273 could increase the sensitivity of EC cells to cisplatin.MethodsThe expression of PARG, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and p53 in normal endometrial tissues (NE), endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (EH), atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AH), and EC was detected by immunohistochemistry. AN3CA EC cells with PTEN deficiency were treated with different cisplatin and PDD0017273, alone or in combination. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT method, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of PARG in EC cells after treatment with different drugs was detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry.ResultsExpression of PARG in NE, EH, AH, and EC increased gradually. In addition, compared with low PARG expression in PTEN‐positive EC, patients who had high PARG expression in PTEN‐negative EC had more advanced clinical stages (r = −0.399, p = 0.032) and shorter overall survival time (p = 0.037). A dose of 40 μM PDD0017273 effectively inhibited PARG expression, increased the sensitivity of AN3CA cells to cisplatin.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that PARG overexpression is a promising immunohistochemical marker to predict the occurrence and prognosis of EC. Moreover, PARG inhibition produced antitumor effects and increased the sensitivity of EC cells with PTEN deficiency to cisplatin.
Antenatal corticosteroids‐to‐delivery interval associates cord blood S100B levels
Authors: Fuma Kazuya , Kotani Tomomi , Ushida Takafumi , Imai Kenji , Iitani Yukako , Nakamura Noriyuki , Miki Rika , Katsuki Satoru , Kinoshita Fumie , Sato Yoshiaki , Hayakawa Masahiro , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimAntenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are recommended for women at risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks' gestation. However, adverse effects of ACS on the fetal brain have also been reported. The time interval from ACS administration to delivery (ACS‐to‐delivery interval) might alter the effect of ACS on the fetal brain. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ACS‐to‐delivery interval on cord blood S100 calcium‐binding protein B (S100B) levels as a biomarker of brain damage.MethodsWomen who delivered between 2012 and 2020 at a tertiary medical center were divided into three groups according to ACS use and ACS‐to‐delivery interval, retrospectively: non‐ACS, ACS ≤7 days, and ACS >7 days. Patients who did not complete the ACS regimen were excluded. The primary outcome was cord blood S100B levels.ResultsCord blood S100B levels were significantly lower in the ACS ≤7 days group than in the non‐ACS and ACS >7 days groups. In the multiple regression analysis, birth ≤7 days after ACS showed a significant negative association with S100B level (p < 0.001).ConclusionsReduced S100B levels were observed in infants born ≤7 days after ACS but not in infants born >7 days after ACS. These findings suggest the importance of ACS timing to optimize its effects on the fetal brain, although further studies are required to identify these mechanisms.
The interaction between the histone acetyltransferase complex Hat1‐Hat2 and transcription factor AmyR provides a molecular brake to regulate amylase gene expression
Authors: Hu Yueyan , Liu Zhongjiao , Xu Shaohua , Zhao Qinqin , Liu Guodong , Song Xin , Qu Yinbo , Qin Yuqi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe chromatin structure is generally regulated by chromatin remodelers and histone modifiers, which affect DNA replication, repair, and levels of transcription. The first identified histone acetyltransferase was Hat1/KAT1, which belongs to lysine (K) acetyltransferases. The catalytic subunit Hat1 and the regulatory subunit Hat2 make up the core HAT1 complex. In this study, the results of tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry and bimolecular fluorescence complementation proved that the Penicillium oxalicum PoHat1‐Hat2 is the transcriptional cofactor of the sequence‐specific transcription factor PoAmyR, a transcription activator essential for the transcription of amylase gene. ChIP‐qPCR results demonstrated that the complex PoHat1‐Hat2 is recruited by PoAmyR to the promoters of prominent amylase genes Poamy13A and Poamy15A and performs histone H4 lysine12 acetylation. The result of the yeast two‐hybrid test indicated that PoHat2 is the subunit that directly interacts with PoAmyR. PoHat1‐Hat2 acts as the molecular brake of the PoAmyR‐regulating transcription of amylase genes. A putative model for amylase gene regulation by PoAmyR‐Hat2‐Hat1 was constructed. Our paper is the first report that the Hat1‐Hat2 complex acts as a cofactor for sequence‐specific TF to regulate gene expression and explains the mechanism of TF AmyR regulating amylase genes expression.
Generation Z goes to math class: How the effective mathematics teaching practices can support a new generation of learners
Authors: Marin Katherine Ariemma , White Stephanie J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMiddle and high school students are part of Generation Z (birth years 1997–2012), a group that is emerging as very different from their parents and teachers. This article considers ways that generational research about Generation Z learners and NCTM's Effective Mathematics Teaching Practices can be used to inform and innovate practice in the mathematics classroom. Research suggests that while Generation Z learners are digitally engaged, they often display a lack of tech savvy. Generation Z students thrive on personalization and are often uncomfortable with collaborative learning. And the social movements of the early 2000s have shaped their world view. The authors provide resources, such as real‐world tasks rooted in social problems, and instructional suggestions for teachers. Teachers who consider the characteristics and preferences of Generation Z in their planning can enact mathematics lessons that better connect to Generation Z learners. With the Effective Mathematics Teaching Practices as a guide, teachers can design and deliver innovative lessons that support Generation Z learners to promote deeper understanding of mathematical content.