bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The natural history of lions in North Africa and the relevance of their depiction in the “Lions Attacking a Dromedary” diorama
Authors: Fellous‐Djardini Amina , Yamaguchi Nobuyuki , Al Hikmani Hadi , Haddane Brahim , Black Simon A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe diorama “Lions Attacking a Dromedary” is notorious, not just as a remarkable 19th century example of taxidermy, but also its controversial representation of human culture and animals, its questionable accuracy and the murky ethics of the materials sourced for its construction. This study examines whether the diorama is a reasonable representation of the Barbary lion in North Africa. We review the history of lions in North Africa and their interaction with humans in the 19th and 20th centuries. The ecology and biology of North African lions, supported by scientific knowledge of the species, enables assessment of the value of diorama depiction, whether it is realistic and informative, or an artistic interpretation, or mere fiction. Furthermore, if the depiction is fictional, whether the representation is entirely unrepresentative, or at worst a stereotypic fabrication based on Western colonial perspectives of the 1800s. The paper does not explore cultural aspects, although refers to the experiences of people in local communities as well as colonial visitors through 150 documented accounts of lions in the region (modern day Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia) between 1830 and 1960. The analysis explores whether real experiences are reflected in the depiction presented in the diorama and identifies that some aspects of the exhibit can be considered authentic, while others appear to emphasize drama rather than lived reality. Recommendations are offered for well‐informed future presentation of “Lions Attacking a Dromedary.”
Performing museography: A practice‐led research for art museums, conducted at MUVE, Fondazione dei Musei Civici di Venezia
Authors: Scarso Jacek Ludwig 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis contribution explores the relationship between performance and art museum practice, through a creative practice‐led approach, as part of a collaboration with MUVE, Fondazione dei Musei Civici in Venice. The focus here is on the exploration of performance opportunities embedded in the museography of the case study institutions, encompassing both artistic and curatorial considerations. Through a reflection on current challenges faced by such institutions and through speculative implementation of creative practice ideas, the argument here is that, as museums have re‐opened their doors to the public in the aftermath of COVID‐19, their performance activation may be crucial in reclaiming their role as physical contexts for cultural dialogue. Performance provides a useful lens to explore and re‐imagine the experience of visitors, emphasizing their subjective positionality and their inter‐relational connections with each other, with the collection and with the museographic configuration of the space.
Secondary leaflet tethering in patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation and its association with the severity of mitral regurgitation
Authors: Ge Zhenyi , Hu Chunqiang , Zhao Yingjie , Tian Fangyan , Wang Yongshi , Kong Dehong , Li Wei , Xie Yashu , Ge Zhengdan , Fulati Zibire , Cheng Yufei , Guo Yao , Jiang Yingying , Pan Cuizhen , Shu Xianhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the study was to determine the association between vena contracta area (VCA) and secondary leaflet tethering among mitral valve prolapse (MVP) patients, and thus to further identify and characterize an MVP with pathological leaflet tethering (MVPt+) phenotype.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 94 consecutive MVP patients with significant mitral regurgitation (MR) and 21 healthy controls. MVPt+ group was defined as tenting volume index (TVi) > .7 mL/m2. The three‐dimensional (3D) geometry of mitral valve apparatus and VCA was measured with dedicated quantification software.ResultsOf the 94 patients with MVP and significant MR, 31 patients showed a TVi > .7 mL/m2 and entered the MVP with leaflet tethering (MVPt+) group. In stepwise multivariate analysis, only prolapse volume index and TVi were independently associated with 3D VCA. 3D VCA, annular area index, and plasma levels of NT‐proBNP were independently correlated with the severity of leaflet tethering. ROC curve revealed that a 3D VCA ≥ .55 cm2 is the optimal cutoff point to predict MVPt+ phenotype.ConclusionsSecondary leaflet tethering is a significant mechanism behind severe degenerative MR, resulting in an MVPt+ phenotype featuring more advanced morphological and hemodynamical characteristics.
Clinical and dopaminergic imaging characteristics of the FARPRESTO cohort of trial‐ready idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior patients
Authors: Arnaldi Dario , Mattioli Pietro , Pardini Matteo , Morbelli Silvia , Capriglia Elena , Rubino Annalisa , Rustioni Valter , Terzaghi Michele , Casaglia Elisa , Serra Alessandra , Figorilli Michela , Liguori Claudio , Fernandes Mariana , Placidi Fabio , Baldelli Luca , Provini Federica , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi , Marelli Sara , Plazzi Giuseppe , Antelmi Elena , Brunetti Valerio , Bonanni Enrica , Puligheddu Monica ,   for the FARPRESTO Consortium
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionIdiopathic/isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is considered the prodromal stage of alpha‐synucleinopathies. Thus, iRBD patients are the ideal target for disease‐modifying therapy. The risk FActoRs PREdictive of phenoconversion in iRBD Italian STudy (FARPRESTO) is an ongoing Italian database aimed at identifying risk factors of phenoconversion, and eventually to ease clinical trial enrollment of well‐characterized subjects.MethodsPolysomnography‐confirmed iRBD patients were retrospectively and prospectively enrolled. Baseline harmonized clinical and nigrostriatal functioning data were collected at baseline. Nigrostriatal functioning was evaluated by dopamine transporter‐single‐photon emission computed tomography (DaT‐SPECT) and categorized with visual semi‐quantification. Longitudinal data were evaluated to assess phenoconversion. Cox regressions were applied to calculate hazard ratios.Results365 patients were enrolled, and 289 patients with follow‐up (age 67.7 ± 7.3 years, 237 males, mean follow‐up 40 ± 37 months) were included in this study. At follow‐up, 97 iRBD patients (33.6%) phenoconverted to an overt synucleinopathy. Older age, motor and cognitive impairment, constipation, urinary and sexual dysfunction, depression, and visual semi‐quantification of nigrostriatal functioning predicted phenoconversion. The remaining 268 patients are in follow‐up within the FARPRESTO project.ConclusionsClinical data (older age, motor and cognitive impairment, constipation, urinary and sexual dysfunction, depression) predicted phenoconversion in this multicenter, longitudinal, observational study. A standardized visual approach for semi‐quantification of DaT‐SPECT is proposed as a practical risk factor for phenoconversion in iRBD patients. Of note, non‐converted and newly diagnosed iRBD patients, who represent a trial‐ready cohort for upcoming disease‐modification trials, are currently being enrolled and followed in the FARPRESTO study. New data are expected to allow better risk characterization.
A quality improvement initiative to improve folic acid supplementation counseling for adolescent females with epilepsy
Authors: Molisani Sara E. , Parikh Darshana , DiGiovine Marissa , Dlugos Dennis , Fitzgerald Mark P. , Fried Lawrence , Helbig Ingo , Kessler Sudha Kilaru , McDonnell Pamela Pojomovsky , Melamed Susan , Prelack Marisa S. , Sharif Uzma , Tefft Sarah , Tencer Jaclyn , Witzman Stephanie , Shaw Kathy , Abend Nicholas S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe designed a quality improvement (QI) project to improve rates of documented folic acid supplementation counseling for adolescent females with epilepsy, consistent with a quality measure from the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society. Our SMART aim was to increase the percentage of visits at which folic acid counseling was addressed from our baseline rate of 23% to 50% by July 1, 2020.MethodsThis initiative was conducted in female patients ≥12 years old with epilepsy who were prescribed daily antiseizure medication and were seen by the 13 providers in our Neurology QI Program. Using provider interviews, we undertook a root cause analysis of low counseling rates and identified the following main factors: insufficient time during clinic visit to counsel, lack of provider knowledge, and forgetting to counsel. Countermeasures were designed to address these main root causes and were implemented through iterative plan–do–study–act (PDSA) cycles. Interventions included provider education and features within the electronic health record, which were introduced sequentially, culminating in the creation of a best practice advisory (BPA). We performed biweekly chart reviews of visits for applicable patients to establish baseline performance rate and track progress over time. We used a statistical process control p‐chart to analyze the outcome measure of documented counseling. As a balancing measure, clinicians were surveyed using the Technology Adoption Model survey to assess acceptance of the BPA.ResultsFrom September 2019 to August 2022, the QI team improved rates of documented folic acid counseling from 23% to 73% through several PDSA cycles. This level of performance has been sustained over time. The most successful and sustainable intervention was the BPA. Provider acceptance of the BPA was overall positive.SignificanceWe successfully used QI methodology to improve and sustain our rates of documented folic acid supplementation counseling for adolescent females with epilepsy.
Creating rare epilepsy cohorts using keyword search in electronic health records
Authors: Barbour Kristen , Tian Niu , Yozawitz Elissa G. , Wolf Steven , McGoldrick Patricia E. , Sands Tristan T. , Nelson Aaron , Basma Natasha , Grinspan Zachary M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveAdministrative codes to identify people with rare epilepsies in electronic health records are limited. The current study evaluated the use of keyword search as an alternative method for rare epilepsy cohort creation using electronic health records data.MethodsData included clinical notes from encounters with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) codes for seizures, epilepsy, and/or convulsions during 2010–2014, across six health care systems in New York City. We identified cases with rare epilepsies by searching clinical notes for keywords associated with 33 rare epilepsies. We validated cases via manual chart review. We compared the performance of keyword search to manual chart review using positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, and F‐score. We selected an initial combination of keywords using the highest F‐scores.ResultsData included clinical notes from 77 924 cases with ICD‐9 codes for seizures, epilepsy, and/or convulsions. The all‐keyword search method identified 6095 candidates, and manual chart review confirmed that 2068 (34%) had a rare epilepsy. The initial combination method identified 1862 cases with a rare epilepsy, and this method performed as follows: PPV median = .64 (interquartile range [IQR] = .50–.81, range = .20–1.00), sensitivity median = .93 (IQR = .76–1.00, range = .10–1.00), and F‐score median = .71 (IQR = .63–.85, range = .18–1.00). Using this method, we identified four cohorts of rare epilepsies with over 100 individuals, including infantile spasms, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Rett syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex. We identified over 50 individuals with two rare epilepsies that do not have specific ICD‐10 codes for cohort creation (epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures, Sturge–Weber syndrome).SignificanceKeyword search is an effective method for cohort creation. These findings can improve identification and surveillance of individuals with rare epilepsies and promote their referral to specialty clinics, clinical research, and support groups.
Using a theoretically informed process evaluation alongside a trial to improve oral health for care home residents
Authors: Hendry Annie , Baker Sarah R. , Tsakos Georgios , McKenna Gerald , Jenkins Alison , Syed Saif Sayeed , Harvey Michelle , Mirza Afshan , Morgan Lorraine , Brocklehurst Paul R. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundPoor oral health is common among older adults residing in care homes impacting their diet, quality of life, self‐esteem, general health and well‐being. The care home setting is complex and many factors may affect the successful implementation of oral care interventions. Exploring these factors and their embedded context is key to understanding how and why interventions may or may not be successfully implemented within their intended setting.ObjectivesThis methodology paper describes the approach to a theoretically informed process evaluation alongside a pragmatic randomised controlled trial, so as to understand contextual factors, how the intervention was implemented and important elements that may influence the pathways to impact.Materials and methodsSENIOR is a pragmatic randomised controlled trial designed to improve the oral health of care home residents in the United Kingdom. The trial uses a complex intervention to promote and provide oral care for residents, including education and training for staff.ResultsAn embedded, theoretically informed process evaluation, drawing on the PAHRIS framework and utilising a qualitative approach, will help to understand the important contextual factors within the care home that influence both the trial processes and the implementation of the intervention.ConclusionUtilising an implementation framework as the basis for a theoretically informed process evaluation provides an approach that specifically focuses on the contextual factors that may influence and shape the pathways to impact a given complex intervention a priori, while also providing an understanding of how and why an intervention may be effective. This contrasts with the more common post hoc approach that only focuses on implementation after the empirical results have emerged.
Genome‐wide association study of Helicobacter pylori serological status in Latin American children
Authors: Lima Iasmin Souza , da Silva Thiago Magalhães , Weiss Stefan , Homuth Georg , Lerch Markus M. , Figueiredo Camila A. , Alcantara‐Neves Neuza Maria , Barreto Maurício Lima , Marques Cintia Rodrigues 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) on Helicobacter pylori infection susceptibility have been conducted for admixed populations from developing countries. Here, we performed a GWAS to identify genetic factors associated with H. pylori serostatus in a cohort of admixed children from a large Latin American urban center.MethodsA cross‐sectional study involving 1161 children from 4 to 11 years old living in poor areas of Salvador, in northeastern Brazil. Logistic regression analysis was performed to detect associations between single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) and H. pylori seropositivity, assuming an additive genetic model. Enrichment analyses were conducted using the MAGMA v1.10 software.ResultsWe found 22 SNVs to be suggestively associated (p < 10−5) with H. pylori seropositivity. The most suggestive SNV was the rs77955022 (p = 4.83e‐07) located in an intronic region of EXOC3 at 5p15.33. The second most suggestively associated SNV was rs10914996 (p = 8.97e‐07), located in an intergenic region at 1p34.3. Furthermore, we were able to replicate three SNVs (p < 0.05) in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) cohort: the rs2339212 and rs4795970, both located at 17q12 near TMEM132E, as well as the rs6595814, an intronic variant of FBN2 at 5q23.3. The enrichment analysis indicated the participation of genes and metabolic pathways related to the regulation of the digestive system and gastric acid secretion in the risk of seropositivity for H. pylori.ConclusionsAdditional studies are required to validate these association findings in larger population samples and to get insight into the underlying physiological mechanisms.
Correlation of CTLA‐4 polymorphism and the risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese Bai population
Authors: Yan Ping , Kong Shan , Zheng Yong , Cheng Mingjing , Zhao Weidong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) is involved in the regulation of immune responses mediated by T cells. This study aimed to explore the correlation between CTLA‐4 gene polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in the Bai minority population of southwestern China. A total of 422 GC patients and 397 healthy controls (HC) were included in this case–control study. Four single nucleotide polymorphism sites of CTLA‐4 gene (rs231775, rs733618, rs16840252 and rs3087243) were selected and analysed. The results showed a significant difference in the rs733618 loci between GC and HC groups. The frequency of the rs733618 polymorphism ‘TC’ genotype was significantly lower in GC group compared to the HC group [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): .47 (.35–.63), p < .001]. GC cases with dominant genetic model ‘TC + CC’ had a 47% reduced risk of GC [OR, 95%CI: .53 (.40–.71), p < .001]. Subgroup analyses revealed that the rs733618 ‘TC + CC’ genotype was associated with a lower risk of GC in male patients [OR, 95%CI: .42 (.31–.58), p < .001], those aged ≤60 years old [OR, 95%CI: .27 (.18–.42), p < .001], non‐drinkers [OR, 95%CI: .21 (.13–.33), p < .001], non‐smokers [OR, 95%CI: .38 (.25–.57), p < .001] and individuals without Helicobacter pylori infection [OR, 95%CI: .16 (.10–.26), p < .001]. Further multivariated analyses indicated that individuals with the ‘TC + CC’ rs733618 genotype who were aged ≤60 years old [OR, 95%CI: .42 (.29–.83), p = .032] and had no H. pylori infection [OR, 95%CI: .35 (.28–.76), p = .018] were found to have a protective effect against GC. Additionally, soluble CTLA‐4 were significantly lower in GC patients with ‘TC’ and ‘TC + CC’ genotypes (all p < .05). Our findings suggest that the rs733618 polymorphism of CTLA‐4 gene may play a critical role in the prevention of GC.
Quantifying euryhaline histories in red drum Sciaenops ocellatus: Scale isotope ratios
Authors: Taulbee Ethan J. , Walther Benjamin D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStable isotope analysis of fish muscle tissue has been used to quantify fish migratory behavior in many systems, and these chemical tracers are especially useful for euryhaline fishes that traverse significant salinities and gradients in baseline signatures. However, the removal of muscle tissues often requires lethal sampling. Fish scales may be removed non‐lethally and offer potential alternatives to stable isotope ratios from muscle to indicate recent feeding histories. For this study, red drum Sciaenops ocellatus were collected in subtropical estuaries in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico and analyzed for stable isotope (𝛿13C and 𝛿15N) compositions of scale exteriors. Decalcification of scale samples was deemed unnecessary given the preservation of linearity and minimal offsets between paired decalcified and untreated scale samples. Stable isotope signatures of muscle tissue and scales were closely matched and indicated high degrees of residence within bays at fine spatial scales. This study also surveyed the existing body of literature comparing scale and muscle isotope values from the same individuals and found that the majority reports linear relationships with slopes close to unity, although species‐specific offsets and intercepts vary. This work expands the body of literature indicating that scales are a viable non‐lethal alternative for stable isotope assessments of dietary and habitat use histories for mobile fishes.
Mediastinal T‐cell lymphoma in a free‐ranging brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans)
Authors: de Souza Alex Junior Souza , da Silva Victor Lopes , de Sá Lilian Rose Marques 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA free‐ranging brown howler monkey (Atelidae: Alouatta guariba clamitans) was necropsied and a mediastinal T‐cell lymphoma and esophageal dilation were diagnosed. The case report may contribute to the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and esophageal lesions in non‐human primates and highlighted the importance of surveillance of cancer in wildlife.
Family resiliency in the aftermath of COVID‐19 pandemic: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Barton Allen W. , Larsen Noah B. , Gong Qiujie , Stanley Scott M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis brief report was designed to understand resilience in families 2 years after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had well‐documented adverse effects on individuals and families. However, some studies have found null, or even positive, effects within aspects of family life. These mixed results suggest the potential for resilience in families, yet few studies have empirically investigated this possibility.MethodsA sample of 593 parents (53% female) that were married or in a romantic relationship participated in a nationwide survey in September 2022; individuals were recruited via the research survey firm Prolific. Latent profile analysis was used to identify typologies of family adjustment following the pandemic and predictors of group membership.ResultsA three‐group solution was identified, with groups labeled as stable family functioning (n = 286; 48% of the sample), improved family functioning (n = 250; 42%), and worsened family functioning (n = 57; 10%). Predictors of group membership indicated significant differences across all three groups in respondents' levels of cohesive family mindset. Select group differences were also observed in levels of couple communication, partner gratitude, perceived stress, and loneliness.ConclusionFindings provide empirical support for the occurrence of resilience in families in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Predictors of group membership provide insights into sources of family resilience and areas to target in family‐based interventions designed to support families under stress.
A discrete, stochastic model of colonial phytoplankton population size structure: Development and application to in situ imaging‐in‐flow cytometer observations of Dinobryon
Authors: Tapics Tara , Sosik Heidi M. , Huot Yannick 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe scientific community lacks models for the dynamic changes in population size structure that occur in colonial phytoplankton. This is surprising, as size is a key trait affecting many aspects of phytoplankton ecology, and colonial forms are very common. We aim to fill this gap with a new discrete, stochastic model of dynamic changes in phytoplankton colonies' population size structure. We use the colonial phytoplankton Dinobryon as a proof‐of‐concept organism. The model includes four stochastic functions—division, stomatocyst production, colony breakage, and colony loss—to determine Dinobryon population size structure and populations counts. Although the functions presented here are tailored to Dinobryon, the model is readily adaptable to represent other colonial taxa. We demonstrate how fitting our model to in situ observations of colony population size structure can provide a powerful approach to explore colony size dynamics. Here, we have (1) collected high‐frequency in situ observations of Dinobryon in Lac (Lake) Montjoie (Quebec, Canada) in 2013 with a moored Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) and (2) fit the model to those observations with a genetic algorithm solver that extracts parameter estimates for each of the four stochastic functions. As an example of the power of this model‐data integration, we also highlight ecological insights into Dinobryon colony size and stomatocyst production. The Dinobryon population was enriched in larger, flagellate‐rich colonies near bloom initiation and shifted to smaller and emptier colonies toward bloom decline.