bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying physical activity needed to mitigate genetic risk for obesity
Authors: Han lide , Annis Jeffrey , Master Hiral , Hughes Andrew , Roden Dan , Harris Paul , Ruderfer Douglas , Brittain Evan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Despite consistent public health recommendations, obesity rates continue to increase. Physical activity (e.g. daily steps) is a well-established modifier of body weight. Genetic background is an important, but typically uncaptured, contributor to obesity risk. Leveraging physical activity, clinical, and genetic data from the All of Us Research Program, we measured the impact of genetic risk of obesity on the level of physical activity needed to reduce incident obesity. For example, we show that an additional 3,310 steps per day (11,910 steps total) would be needed to mitigate a 25% higher than average genetic risk of obesity. We quantify the number of daily steps needed to mitigate obesity risk across the spectrum of genetic risk. This work quantifies the relationship between physical activity and genetic risk showing significant independent effects and provides a first step towards personalized activity recommendations that incorporate genetic information to reduce incident obesity risk.
Trichomes on Cotton Leaf Surface Affect the Feeding Behaviors of Cotton Aphids (Aphis gossypii)
Authors: Yang Muzhi , Liu Chunyan , Zhao Tianyi , Li Yichao , Liu Huayan , Ren Zhentao , Xue Kun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aphis gossypii Glover is one of the most important pests in cotton seedling. The specialized mouthpart and short generation time made them seriously restricted the cotton yield. With the electrical penetration graph (EPG), optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope, the physical characteristics of trichomes on the cotton leaf surface and their effects on the stylet penetration behaviors of cotton aphids were investigated in this study. Two types of leaf trichomes, glandular trichomes, and asteroid non-glandular trichomes were observed on the surface of cotton leaves under optical and scanning electron microscopes. As a whole, EPG results mainly showed differences in non-probing period which meant searching on the leaf surface, and potential drop waveform which meant intracellular punctures. Whereas pathway waveform, xylem ingestion waveform, and phloem ingestion waveform showed inconspicuous differences. Detailed indicators were slightly different at different periods. Our results suggested that the structure of trichomes may affect the searching behaviors of herbivorous insect pests and hence regulate the plant-environment interactions.
Airfall volume of the 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano estimated from ocean color changes
Authors: Kelly Liam James , Fauria Kristen E , Manga Michael , Cronin Shane J , Latu'ila Folauhola Helina , Paredes-Mariño Joali , Mittal Tushar , Bennartz Ralf 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

On 15 January 2022, Hunga volcano erupted, creating an extensive and high-reaching umbrella cloud over the open ocean, hindering traditional isopach mapping and fallout volume estimation. In MODIS satellite imagery, ocean surface water was discolored around Hunga following the eruption, which we attribute to ash fallout from the umbrella cloud. By relating intensity of ocean discoloration to fall deposit thicknesses in the Kingdom of Tonga, we develop a methodology for estimating airfall volume over the open ocean. Ash thickness measurements from 41 locations are used to fit a linear relationship between ash thickness and ocean reflectance. This produces an airfall volume estimate of ~ 1.7 km3. The whole eruption produced > 10 km3 of pyroclastic units on the sea floor. Our fall estimates suggest that these must be dominated by gravity current deposits. This new ocean-discoloration method provides an airfall volume estimate consistent with other independent measures of the plume and is thus effective for rapidly estimating fallout volumes in future eruptions of volcanoes over oceans.
Association Between Bacterial Vaginosis With HPV in US (NHANES 2003–2004)
Authors: Qi Jie , Dai Congwei , song Liyun , Zhang Junqin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
The balance of vaginal microecology is closely related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical lesions. This study mainly investigates the relationship between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and HPV infection.
Methods
This study included 1,310 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003–2004). We used logistic regression analysis and subgroup analysis to examine the association between BV and HPV infection.
Results
There was a significant positive association between BV and HPV infection in women after adjustment for other confounders. In subgroup analyses stratified by age, BMI, and race, the positive association between BV and HPV infection persisted.
Conclusion
This cross-sectional study demonstrated a positive association between BV and HPV infection in women.
A qualitative study examining the impact of COVID-19 on capacity for sustainability of tobacco control programs
Authors: Gannon Jessica , Moreland-Russell Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic presented a significant stressor on the public health system in the United States. While we know the immediate effects of the pandemic on public health programming, no literature has examined the resultant long-term impact on programmatic capacity for sustainability. This paper aims to identify the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on state tobacco control program’s capacity for sustainability.
Methods
From December 2018 to January 2022, we conducted 46 technical assistance calls with tobacco control program employees from 11 states. Calls were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Thematic analysis focused on the impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on tobacco control program’s capacity for sustainability.
Results
We identified six domains of sustainability that were impacted by COVID-19: (1) funding stability; (2) organizational capacity; (3) partnerships; (4) communication; (5) strategic planning; and (6) program adaptation.
Conclusions
Our study is the first to identify the impact of the pandemic on capacity for sustainability of tobacco control programs. Having an understanding of COVID-19’s influence on these sustainability domains could help with future public health programming during significant public health events and emergency preparedness.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03598114
Registration date: Retrospectively registered July 2, 2018
The Value of Radiomics Features Based on High-Resolution CT to Predicting if the Lung Sub-centimeter Pure Ground Glass Nodule is Benign or Malignant
Authors: Ping Xiaoxia , Liu Yuanqing , Hong Rong , Hu Su , Hu Chunhong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background The study was to develop a radiomics model based on a high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan to noninvasively analyze the benign and malignant sub-centimeter pure ground glass nodule (pGGN).
Methods The study included 235 patients with 251 sub-centimeter pGGN (training cohort: n=176; validation cohort: n=75) who underwent preoperative HRCT scans. The volume of interest was manually delineated in the thin-slice lung window, from which 1316 radiomics features were extracted. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to select the useful radiomics features. The multivariable logistic regression was used to select the clinically important risk factors. The mean CT value model, imaging features model, radiomics model, and combined model were constructed, and the performance was evaluated by receiving operator characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). A nomogram based on the combined model was developed.
Results Gender, mean diameter, shape, margin, and mean CT value were independent clinical risk predictors for predicting the malignancy of sub-centimeter pGGN, and enrolled them to build the clinical predictive model. A total of 39 radiomics features were selected to build the radiomics predictive model. In the validation cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) of the radiomics model (AUC=0.877) and combined model (AUC=0.898) were higher than the mean CT value model (AUC=0.670) and imaging features model (AUC=0.733) (all P<0.05).
Conclusion The radiomics model may be useful in predicting the benign and malignant sub-centimeter pGGN before surgery.
Construction of hollow heterogeneous microspheres containing energy storage fibers by electric spray to promote combustion of nano aluminum
Authors: Zhang Mi , Wu Xinzhou , Chen Yongjin , Ren Hui , Jiao Qingjie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To solve the problem of nano-aluminum (nAl) powder easy agglomeration and improve its thermal reaction, nAl was hybrid with adhesive (Viton A, F2602) and oxidizer (Ammonium perchlorate, AP) forming microspheres by electrostatic spray method. The morphology and structure were analyzed by SEM, EDS and XPS. The results showed that the microspheres (diameter ≈ Φ10 ~ 15 µm) were hollow structures formed by winding of fluoropolymer fibers, while AP and nano aluminum particles were embedded on the fibers. By controlling the electric spray process, the well-dispersed AP and nAl nanocrystals were assembled on the fiber. Thermal analysis indicated that the gas phase products decomposed by AP were absorbed by porous microspheres, and part of the heat was stored in polymer fibers, thus promoting the breakdown of the alumina shell and accelerating the pre-ignition reaction. The combustion and laser ignition experiments proved hollow heterogeneous microspheres have excellent thermodynamic properties. The assembled microspheres not only solved the problem of poor rheology caused by the agglomeration of nAl, but also improved the insufficient combustion of nAl and the condensation of products.
Milling characteristics of SiCp/2024Al composites thin-walled part based on movable auxiliary support
Authors: Zhijie Gao , Peng Zhu , Shu Yang , Zuoshan Wei , Qitong Wang , li zhou 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Due to milling force and milling heat, thin-walled parts are highly susceptible to deformation and even scrap. In this paper, a method of milling thin-walled part based on the movable auxiliary support was proposed, and the second developed VDLOAD subroutine was used to simulate the movement of auxiliary support. The influences of the magnitude and area of the movable auxiliary support on the surface temperature, deformation and residual stress of the workpiece were investigated. The results showed that, with the increasing of the magnitude and area of the movable auxiliary support, both surface temperature and deformation of the workpiece decrease. The tensile residual stress decreases and gradually changes to compressive residual stress. Interestingly, when the magnitude of the movable auxiliary support exceeds 20 MPa or the area exceeds 100 mm2, the deformation of the workpiece continues to decrease, but the middle of the workpiece is concave towards the milling cutter. It is worth noting that the effect of movable auxiliary support area on the residual stress does not show a clear regularity. Thus, the reasonable auxiliary support can reduce deformation and stability in the milling of thin-walled parts and the results of the study can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the milling process of thin-walled parts.
Volunteerism, Redistribution and Gender
Authors: Sessions John G. , Zangelidis Alexandros 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We explore whether, and to what extent, individuals respond to increased transitory or permanent inequality in regional income by offering more unpaid voluntary work. We find strong evidence that women, but not men, are more likely to supply such work, both at the extensive and intensive margin, if they live in areas that experience persistently high-income inequality. Our analysis suggests that women are intrinsically inequality averse and may regard voluntary work as a way of achieving a more equitable income distribution.
JEL Classifications: D64, I30.
Controlling rheological properties of nanocellulose from cocoa shell to produce cocoa butter in water Pickering emulsions
Authors: Gómez-Hoyos Catalina , Botero Luis David , Flórez-Caro Andrea , Velásquez-Cock Jorge Andrés , Penagos-Vélez Lucas , Zuluaga Robin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There is growing interest in developing strategies to replace cocoa butter partially or fully in food and cosmetic products, because of its cost and its health effects. One of these alternatives is the development of cocoa butter in water stable emulsions, but incorporating cocoa butter into emulsions is challenging because it solidifies and form crystals that cause destabilization. In this research the rheological properties of nanocellulose form cocoa shell, a by-product from chocolate industry, were controlled by isolation treatment to produce a nanocellulose with higher DP and stronger tridimensional network. This nanocellulose was used in concentrations of 0,7 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%, to develop cocoa butter in water Pickering emulsion, using a high shear mixing technique, emulsions were stable for more than 15 days. Nanocellulose was characterized by ATR-FTIR, hot water and organic extractives, AFM, and DP and rheological analysis. Subsequently the emulsions were characterized at day 1 and 15 by photographs to assess physical stability, fluorescent and electronic microscopy and rheological analysis were used to understand the physical properties of emulsions.
Emodin ameliorates matrix degradation and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cell and attenuates degeneration of intervertebral disc through LRP1 in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yao Dengbo , Li Ming , Wang Kun , Jin Song , Zeng Weike , Liao Zhuangyao , Chen Enming , Liang Yuwei , Xing Tong , Wen Guoming , Liang Changchun , Su Kaihui , Lu Shixin , Che Zhen , Li Yuxi , Huang Lin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is closely correlated with Low back pain. Apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation caused by inflammation-mediated NF-ĸB has been reported to promote IDD. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) was confirmed to negatively regulate NF-ĸB in many disease. Moreover, emodin has been shown to upregulate LRP1. However, the effect of emodin on IDD, more importantly, the effect of in vivo therapy and mechanism are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of emodin and its target on IDD in vivo and in vitro. Alcian blue staining showed emodin effectively rescued IL-1β-induced ECM secretion. Moreover, the results of western blot showed emodin promoted matrix synthesis, inhibited matrix degradation and apoptosis in NPCs under stimulation of IL-1β. Further study showed emodin inhibited IL-1β-induced NF-ĸB. In our study, we found emodin increased protein level of LRP1 levels by inhibiting its degradation via the proteasome pathway. In addition, LRP1 knockdown blocked emodin's effects on inhibition of NF-ĸB, and thus promoted apoptosis and matrix metabolism disorder in NPCs. Emodin effectively alleviated IDD in rat model and siRNA LRP1 injection also reversed beneficial effect of emodin on IDD in rat model. In conclusion, this study showed that emodin has therapeutic effect on IDD by inhibiting matrix metabolism disorder and apoptosis through LRP1 in vitro and in vivo, which was related to LRP1-mediated inhibition of NF-ĸB. This study provided evidence for emodin as a potential drug for the treatment of IDD.
The association between aberrant salience and psychotic experiences in general population twins, and genetic vulnerability as a modifier.
Authors: Drukker Marjan , Todor Tatvan , Bongaarts Jelle , Broggi Eleonora , Kelkar Mihika , Wigglesworth Thomas , Verhiel Kayle , Leeuwen Karel Van , Koster Meinte , Derom Cathrien , Thiery Evert , De Hert Marc , Menne-Lothmann Claudia , Decoster Jeroen , Colip Dina , Winkel Ruud Van , Jacobs Nele , Guloksuz Sinan , Rutten Bart , Os Jim Van 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background.
Previous studies assessing the hypothesis that the construct of ‘aberrant salience’ is associated with psychosis and psychotic symptoms showed conflicting results. For this reason, the association between measures to index aberrant salience and subclinical psychotic symptoms in a general population sample was analysed. In addition, genetic vulnerability was added to the analysis as a modifier to test the hypothesis that modification by genetic vulnerability may explain variability in the results.
Methods
The TwinssCan project obtained data from general population twins (N = 887). CAPE (Community Assessment of Psychic Experience) scores were used to index psychotic experiences. Aberrant salience was assessed with white noise task and ambiguous situations task.
Results
Measures of aberrant salience were not associated with psychotic experiences nor was there evidence for interaction with genetic predisposition in this association (Z = 1.08, p = 0.282).
Conclusions
Various studies including the present could not replicate the association between aberrant salience and psychotic experiences in general population samples. The conflicting findings could not be explained by moderation by genetic vulnerability. On the other hand, this association has been reported in so-called ‘ultra-high risk’ patients and first episode psychosis patients. Thus, this association may represent a state-dependent association, present only at the more severe end of the psychosis spectrum.
Discovery and engineering of hypercompact epigenetic modulators
for durable gene activation
Authors: Carosso Giovanni , Yeo Robin , Gainous T. Blair , Jawaid M. Zaki , Yang Xiao , Cutillas Vincent , Daley Timothy , Hart Daniel , Qi Lei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Transcriptional and epigenetic regulators shape the chromatin microenvironment and corresponding gene expression during cellular differentiation and homeostasis. Programmable modulators of transcription provide a powerful toolkit for controlling gene dosage in therapeutic applications, but a limited catalog of functional domains constrains their robustness and durability profiles, and large cargo sizes impede clinical delivery. To address these limitations, here we perform high-throughput screening to discover novel classes of transcriptional modulators among human, viral, and archaeal proteomes and characterize their functions in a multitude of endogenous human contexts. We identify compact, potent activators from viral proteomes with exceptional robustness across silent and expressed genes in varied cell types using distinct dCas systems. Insights from predicted 3-dimensional structures and machine learning models enabled us to rationally engineer improved activators, both in potency and persistence. Notably, engineered activators achieved mitotically durable gene activation following transient delivery. Our discovery pipeline provides a predictive rubric for the systematic development of hypercompact activators from unannotated proteomes, yielding superior efficiency and kinetics profiles that broadly expand the epigenetic editing toolkit for therapeutic applications.
RETRACTED: Upfront neck dissection versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage T1–3N3 hypopharyngeal carcinoma: A comparative study of clinical outcomes
Authors: Sakai Akihiro , Ebisumoto Koji , Iijima Hiroaki , Yamauchi Mayu , Teramura Takanobu , Yamazaki Aritomo , Watanabe Takane , Inagi Toshihide , Maki Daisuke , Fukuzawa Tsuyoshi , Okami Kenji 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

July 7, 2023. Research Square has removed this preprint due to lack of Institutional Review Board approval for this work at the time of preprint posting.
Surfactant-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment for co- production of reducing sugars and carbon quantum dots from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Jiang Tianyu , Lu Xingyu , Bie Wenxuan , Wang Xiaojuan , Su Yuhang , Li Dongna , Wang Fei , Ma Xiaojun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A facile and environmentally friendly strategy was proposed for co-production of reducing sugars and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) by one-pot surfactant-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment. Compared with hydrothermal pretreatment, the addition of surfactants (Tween 40) significantly increased the sugars concentration and effective quantum yield (QY). The highest reducing sugars concentration and QY of CQDs was up to 22.47 g/L and 1.9% respectively. After surfactant-assisted pretreatment, the crystallinity index of LCB residue increased and then decreased with the addition amount of Tween 40. Moreover, the conversion rate of cellulose and hemicellulose reached 95.1% and 95.4% respectively, 122.2% and 41.1% higher than that without Tween 40. It was also found that surfactant-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment had the same improvement effect on increasing the sugar production of other LCB. The results showed that surfactant-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment was a promising and universal method for developing biomass-based products.
Performance Assessment of GEBCO_2023 Gridded Bathymetric Data in Shallow Waters Using the Seafloor from ICESat-2 Photons
Authors: Giribabu Dandabathula , Hari Rohit , Sharma Jayant , Ghosh Koushik , Padiyar Niyati , Sharma Aryan , Bera Apurba Kumar , Srivas Sushil Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Bathymetric data represents the true seafloor topography and aids in understanding the intricacies of earth and ocean interaction processes. The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) released the GEBCO_2023 gridded bathymetric data as an interim dataset in connection with the ambitious task of producing the definitive ocean floor map by 2023. Evaluating the data of scientific importance is essential to ensure its fitness for the applications; however, the procedure needs qualified reference data of higher accuracy. This article discusses the methods and results of performance validation on GEBCO_2023 using the reference seafloor obtained from the ICESat-2 geolocated photons. The validation was carried out at three test sites of shallow waters with different ecotones. In the two of the test sites, where the coastal waters have minimal perturbations from the continental sediment flux, the trend of the seafloor from both the data sources is similar, and the quantified accuracy of GEBCO_2023 in terms of RMSE is less than 3 m. In the extent of the third test site, where mostly perennial turbidity prevails, the accuracy in terms of RMSE and MAE ranged from 5–6 m and underestimated the seafloor. The reasons for the errors in the GEBCO_2023 grid were analyzed based on the associated Type-Identifier grid that informs the source of depth data for a given grid cell. In summary, the GEBCO_2023 grid is the best available and resourceful bathymetric data in the present scenario where, besides the technological advancements, there exist challenges and complications for mapping the ocean surface.