bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Antigenic Properties of Nucleus Pulposus and Cartilage Protein Polysaccharide Complexes
Authors: Pankovich Arsen M. , Korngold Leonhard 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Protein-polysaccharide complexes and their light fractions (PP-L) from human nucleus pulposus (H-NP), steer and dog nucleus pulposus (S-NP, D-NP) and articular cartilage (S-AC, D-AC) were compared. These preparations were used in their native form and also after digestion with hyaluronidase. Antisera obtained by immunization of rabbits with H-NP, S-NP and S-AC were tested with all PP-L preparations by double diffusion in agar, by microdiffusion in agar and by immunoelectrophoresis. PP-L preparations were also examined by analytical ultracentrifugation, by moving boundary electrophoresis, and were stained by alcian blue 8GS stain after electrophoresis in agar. The results of this study clearly show that 1) PP-L from nucleus pulposus is antigenic in the rabbit. 2) PP-L from nucleus pulposus contains at least two antigenic determinants common to all species tested and, in addition, at least one species specific antigenic determinant. These antigenic determinants appear on at least two separate antigens. 3) PP-L from nucleus pulposus and cartilage are closely related if not identical. 4) Hyaluronidase digestion increases the rate of diffusion of PP-L preparations, and possibly uncovers some new determinants.
Purification by Starch Block Electrophoresis of Renal Antigen that Induces Nephrotoxic Antibody
Authors: Shibata Seiichi , Naruse Takuji , Nagasawa Toshihiko , Takuma Takehide , Miyakawa Yuzo 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Further purification of the antigenic substance in the supernatant substance of trypsin-digested rat kidney cortex homogenate (TR-KH) was achieved using starch block electrophoresis.
Almost all the antigenic activity responsible for the production of nephrotoxic antibody was found in fraction -3, which was free of nucleic acid. Rats receiving a single injection of antiserum against fraction -3 showed distinct clinical and histologic changes of typical proliferative glomerulonephritis. Moreover, severe chronic glomerulonephritis (so-called contracted kidney) was induced in rats killed 7 to 9 weeks after a single injection. Studies using the fluorescent antibody technique showed that this purified antigen (fraction -3) is derived from the glomerular basement membrane.
This fraction was more highly purified as a single peak by gel-filtration using Sephadex G 200.
Fraction -3 is probably a polysaccharide-protein complex, and the results of chemical analysis suggest strongly that the active principle of this antigenic substance is closely related to the polysaccharide moiety.
Cumulative Changes in the Antigenic Properties of Herpes Simplex Virus from Persistently Infected Cell Cultures
Authors: Hampar Berge , Keehn Mary Alice 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Reciprocal neutralization kinetic studies were carried out between the virus isolated at different times from persistent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected cell cultures and their respective antisera. The results indicated that the virus acquired new antigenic determinants with time, while still retaining the determinants of the antecedent virus. The serologic relationship between the HSV variants isolated from these persistent infections was similar to that observed by others between HSV and herpes B virus, but not previously noted with strains of HSV.
Evaluation of Light Chain Antigen Binding by Radioimmunoelectrophoresis
Authors: Minden Percy , Grey Howard M. , Farr Richard S. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The ability of radioimmunoelectrophoresis to demonstrate specific antigen binding directly by isolated antibody light chains was evaluated using BSA as the antigen. Radioactive arcs and specific I*BSA binding were readily demonstrated by light chain preparations which did not contain detectable amounts of heavy chains when tested by gel diffusion.
The arcs observed, however, could not be interpreted as evidence for I*BSA binding by isolated light chains because: 1) as little as 0.19 µg/ml of isolated antibody heavy chains were sufficient to detect I*BSA binding using radioimmunoelectrophoresis whereas 544 µg/ml of the isolated light chains were required; 2) when hybrid molecules made by mixing normal light chains with small amounts of antibody heavy chains were tested, a radioactive are developed that was qualitatively similar to the arc produced by the antibody light chain preparations; and 3) the amount of antibody heavy chains required to produce radioactive arcs when mixed with light chains was less than the amount of antibody heavy chain that could have been detected in the antibody light chain preparation.
Lepromin and Tuberculin Reactivity in Adults not Exposed to Leprosy
Authors: Shepard Charles C. , Saitz Edward W. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
A group of 73 adult male volunteers was skintested with lepromin, tuberculin and mumps antigen. Eighteen of them were later tested with candidin, trichophytin, blastomycin, coccidioidin and histoplasmin. All of the men had late (Mitsuda) reactions to lepromin greater than 4 mm in diameter and many of them had quite strong reactions. The sensitivity to tuberculin had little influence on the size of the lepromin reactions, thus indicating that in this group the reactivity to lepromin had not often arisen from exposure to tubercle bacilli or other mycobacteria. Since they were residents of non-endemic areas of the United States, it was very unlikely that any of the men had been exposed to leprosy bacilli. Thus, although lepromin reactivity was well developed in this group of men, its origin is unexplained.
Brevity of the Inductive Phase in the Immune Response of Mice to Capsular Polysaccharide Antigens
Authors: Baker Phillip J. , Landy Maurice 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The antigen-bentonite adherence technique, used in conjunction with capsular polysaccharide antigens, has revealed features of the cytokinetics of the immune response not demonstrable with other categories of antigens and other methods. In particular, the immune response of mice to type I pneumococcal polysaccharide and the Vi galactoseaminuronic polymer showed an exceedingly brief latent period after which antigenreactive cells (ARC) appeared within a few hours following immunization. Thereafter, ARC doubled at a rate too rapid to be accounted for by cell division alone. The brevity of the inductive phase, the rate at which ARC increased and the maximum numbers of ARC attained depended on the dose of antigen.
Interferon in Congenital Rubella: Response to Live Attenuated Measles Vaccine
Authors: Desmyter Jan , Rawls William E. , Melnick Joseph L. , Yow Martha D. , Barrett Fred F. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Induction of and sensitivity to interferon were investigated in relation to virus persistence in congenital rubella. Rubella virus was found to be sensitive to human interferon in acutely infected tissue culture cells; however, virus yields from chronically infected cells were not altered by interferon. Serum and urine obtained from infants with congenital rubella during periods of active virus excretion did not contain detectable amounts of interferon. Vaccination of congenital rubella infants with either Edmonston B or Schwarz strain of live measles virus resulted in a clinical, immunologic and interferon response similar to that of normal children. The interferon-inducing capacity of the Schwarz strain was greater than that of the Edmonston B strain.
Hemolytic Plaque Formation by Mouse Spleen Cells Producing Antibodies against Rabbit Immunoglobulin G
Authors: Segre Mariangela , Segre Diego 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Sheep erythrocytes sensitized with the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction of commercial rabbit anti-sheep hemolysin were not hemolyzed directly by complement, but were hemolyzed after treatment with anti-rabbit globulin and complement. Erythrocytes so sensitized were plated in nonanticomplementary agar, which also contained spleen cells from mice immunized with rabbit IgG. After incubation and addition of complement, hemolytic plaques were found around single spleen cells producing antibodies specific for rabbit IgG. The primary and secondary responses of mice to both aggregate-free and heat-aggregated rabbit IgG are described.
The Effects of Methionine and Ethionine on Antibody Formation in Primates
Authors: Gill Thomas J. , Gershoff Stanley N. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The study of antibody formation in primates and its modification by nutritional imbalances and by the metabolic antagonist ethionine was undertaken to acquire information about the effect of protein malnutrition on immunization and to study the control of the immune response by a metabolic antagonist. Cebus albifron monkeys on a normal diet responded well to the synthetic antigen poly Glu52Lys33Tyr15 (no. 3) (700 to 1000 µg Ab N/ml). Eight of the 91 monkeys immunized died in anaphylaxis shortly after the second injection of antigen. The major pathology of this anaphylactic syndrome was necrosis and hemorrhage in the liver.
The primary antibody response elicited by the antigen in Freund's adjuvant was resistant to methionine deficiency, methionine excess and ethionine administration. The early secondary response elicited by the antigen in NaCl-phosphate buffer was depressed both by ethionine and by excess methionine; it was resistant to methionine deficiency alone. The late secondary response was unaffected by methionine deficiency plus ethionine or by previous administration of a methionine excess diet; however, previous treatment with a methionine excess diet plus ethionine caused an enhanced antibody response.
Total protein deficiency severe enough to cause death from malnutrition did not affect the late secondary antibody response.
The percentage of antibody in the γ-globulin fraction varied under different circumstances. The primary and early secondary responses showed an increase in total γ-globulin production as well as an increase in antibody production. In the late secondary response the total level of γ-globulin remained constant, but the amount of antibody in it increased. In general, the proportion of antibody was increased by methionine deficiency or total protein deficiency and decreased by the administration of ethionine or of excess methionine when compared to the control animals.
Thus, the early antibody responses (primary and early secondary) were more profoundly influenced by dietary alterations and by metabolic antagonists than the late secondary response, and this finding suggests that the antibody synthesizing mechanism becomes more stable with time.
Antigenic Determinants in Human Hemoglobin: The α Polypeptide Chain
Authors: Kraus Lorraine M. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Antigenic determinants in the α-chain from human hemoglobin A were located by using isolated α-chain tryptic peptides as inhibitors in the micro-complement fixation reaction of α-chain antigen and α-chain antibodies. Although the α-chain antigen was not in the native state, it shared antigenic determinants with native hemoglobin. Hemoglobin did not fix complement, but it did bind to the α-chain antibody and inhibited the homologous complement fixation reaction. The antisera also formed precipitin complexes with hemoglobins containing the α-chain.
Three antigenic determinants in the α-chain were located as follows: a) the amino-terminal end, αTpI, amino acids 1 to 7, and αTpI,II, amino acids 1 to 11, inhibited the complement fixation reaction to 34% and 61%, respectively, (however, αTpII, amino acids 7 to 11, alone did not inhibit the reaction); b) αTpXI, amino acids 93 to 99, a part of the FG non-helical region and the G helix in the carboxy-terminal half of the chain inhibited to 15%; c) αTpXIII, amino acids 128 to 139, is at the carboxy-terminal end of the chain and is part of the H helix. This peptide inhibited to 31%.
The phylogenetic associations of myoglobin and the α-chain of hemoglobin are further strengthened by the similar locations of antigenic determinants. Both have antigenic sites at the carboxy-terminal end of the chain, and a possible similarity in the region surrounding heme. They differ in the amino-terminal region which is an antigenic site in the α-chain. The antisera to myoglobin did not appear to contain antibodies to this area. Another difference resides in amino acids, 17 to 31 of the α-chain, where myoglobin has an antigenic determinant in the region extending from the end of the A helix into part of the B helix.
Adsorption of Proteins by Polystyrene Particles
Authors: Kochwa Shaul , Brownell Marilyn , Rosenfield Richard E. , Wasserman Louis R. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
A relationship between the molecular configuration of IgG molecules and their immunogenic properties was determined by using Lytron particles for the adsorption of IgG. The change in molecular configuration of IgG molecules was found to be related to the number of groups potentiometrically titrated during adsorption, and an inverse linear correlation was found between the logarithm of the number of firmly attached IgG molecules and the number of groups titrated. The latter value was maximal at pH 6.8 or 5.0 and minimal at pH 8.0 indicating by this titration region that histidine and free amino groups were titrated during adsorption. The immunogenic properties of IgG on Lytron were concentration-dependent. Anti-heavy chain antibodies were formed readily, but with increase in the number of molecules adsorbed per particle the capacity to incite anti-light chain antibodies decreased.
Canine Nonprecipitating and Rabbit Precipitating Antisera against the Dinitrophenyl Group
Authors: Patterson Roy , Ramberg Bonnie , Pruzansky J. J. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Immunization of dogs with dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin or dinitrophenyl-bovine γ-globulin resulted in the production of nonprecipitating antibodies against the dinitrophenyl determinant. The hapten binding capacities of the nonprecipitating antisera were comparable to those of precipitating rabbit antisera against the dinitrophenyl determinant. The nonprecipitating antibodies were demonstrated by double antibody coprecipitation techniques and the alteration of the electrophoretic migration of dinitrophenyl albumin in combination with antibody.
Induction of Interference and Interferon Synthesis by Non-Replicating Molluscum Contagiosum Virus
Authors: Friedman-Kien Alvin E. , Vilček Jan 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Extracts of human molluscum contagiosum (MC) lesions induced a resistance to plaque formation by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and Sindbis virus in chick embryo cells. The findings of this report suggest that inhibition was induced by MC virus particles present in the extract. Filtration through a 22-mµ membrane filter or treatment with trypsin removed the inhibitory activity.
Interference experiments have shown that MC virus was adsorbed onto chick embryo cell cultures. Maximum adsorption was attained within 1 to 2 hr after inoculation; however, further incubation was required for the establishment of interference. Actinomycin D caused a reversion, while the presence of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU) had no effect on the MC virus-induced interference.
Synthesis of interferon was demonstrated in MC virus-inoculated chick embryo cells. The interference between apparently non-replicating MC virus and VSV or Sindbis virus was shown to be mediated by interferon.
The Fate of Group a Streptococci Following Phagocytosis
Authors: Ayoub Elia M. , Wannamaker Lewis W. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
A technique using release of dialyzable radioactivity from isotope-labeled group A streptococci as a measure of intraphagocytic digestion of bacteria is described. Release of dialyzable activity from P32-labeled organisms following phagocytosis occurred promptly. With C14-labeled organisms the release was quantitatively lower and more gradual. Extracellular blood (plasma) factors effected release of P32 activity, but did not release any detectable activity in preparations of C14-labeled organisms. When streptococcal cell wall fractions labeled with C14 were examined in a phagocytic system, there was a slow release of dialyzable activity similar to that observed with whole organisms and corresponding to the gradual disappearance of group specific carbohydrate from whole cells as detected by fluorescent antibody techniques.
Cutaneous Hypersensitivity Reactions of Guinea Pigs to Proteinaceous Transplantation Antigen
Authors: Kahan Barry D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Despite increased emphasis on the isolation of transplantation antigens and the more sophisticated methods now available to approach this objective, the chemical nature of the antigenic determinants mediating this type of immunity remains uncertain. Recently, a water soluble material predominantly protein in composition was isolated from murine tissues and was shown to induce specific second-set sensitization, i.e., challenge orthotopic skin grafts were rejected in accelerated fashion (1, 2). The principal limiting factor in the purification of this substance was the cumbersome nature of the second-set assay. There was a 2-week lag between the administration of test antigen and the histologic scoring of challenge skin grafts. Moreover the assay required relatively large amounts of antigen, viz., 50 µg to produce just detectable results and 250 µg to produce 50% destruction of test grafts. Within these strictures the pace of the work was slow, and the quantities of test specimens which were required for biologic assay were disproportionate to the small yields from tissues.
Delayed Hypersensitivity to Trichinella Spiralis
Authors: Kim Charles W. , Jamuar Mahendra P. , Hamilton L. D. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
From guinea pigs sensitized with Trichinella spiralis antigen combined with complete adjuvant, the cellular transfer of the delayed hypersensitivity response did not parallel production of antibody in recipient guinea pigs. Although the responses were related by presumably having a common cellular pathway, they were separate in time and different in their appearance.
The skin test itself induced the production of antibody as well as acting as a booster in producing antibody in the recipients, but since antibody appeared sooner in greater number of recipients when cells from sensitized skin-tested donors were used, this was construed as meaning that the transfer of lymph node cells accelerates antibody production in recipients as well as inducing the delayed hypersensitivity response. It is not clear whether the same cells mediate both reactions; their role in the delayed hypersensitivity response remains obscure.
Hubungan Karakteristik Sosial Demografi dan Literasi Kesehatan Dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Penderita Tuberkulosis di Kota Kupang
Authors: Nailius Imelda Sussanti , Anshari Dien 
Published: January 2023

Latar Belakang. Angka keberhasilan pengobatan tuberkulosis di Kota Kupang dilaporkan dalam empat tahun terakhir berada pada rata-rata 82,1% belum mencapai target nasional yaitu 90%. Salah satu faktor ketidakberhasilannya karena jangka waktu minum obat yang lama yang memungkinkan untuk terjadi ketidakpatuhan dalam minum obat. Ketidakpatuhan dalam minum obat dapat menyebabkan kegagalan dalam pengobatan, pengobatan ulang maupun resisten terhadap obat.Tujuan. untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel karakteristik sosial demografi dan literasi kesehatan dengan kepatuhan minum obat penderita tuberkulosis di Kota Kupang.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara pengisian kuesioner secara online (self-administered survey) pada 126 penderita tuberkulosis yang sedang menjalani pengobatan di 11 puskesmas di Kota Kupang. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi logistik sederhana dan regresi logistik ganda.Hasil. Hasil penelitian menemukan 23,8 % penderita tuberkulosis tidak patuh dalam minum obat tuberkulosis. Variabel literasi kesehatan (p=0,008, OR=10,4, CI: 1,847-59,17) dan umur responden (p=0,029, OR=0,2, CI: 0,070-0,863) dengan p-value <0,05 dinyatakan berhubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan minum obat penderita tuberkulosis.Keseimpulan. Literasi kesehatan menjadi variabel yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat penderita tuberkulosis setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur, pendidikan dan pendapatan. ABSTRACT Bakground. Success rate for tuberculosis treatment in Kupang City was reported in the last four years to be at an average of 82.1%, which has not reached the national target of 90%. One of the reasons for the failure was due to the long period of taking the medication which made it possible for non-adherence to take the medication. Noncompliance with medication might result in treatment failure, re-treatment, or drug resistance.Aim. to determine the relationship between social demographic characteristics and health literacy and tuberculosis medication adherence in Kupang City. Method. This study employed quantitative study with cross-sectional design. Data was obtained by filling out online questionnaires (self-administered surveys) on 126 tuberculosis patients receiving treatment at 11 health centers in Kupang City. The data was examined using simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression.Result. Results showed that 23.8 percent of tuberculosis patients were disobedient in taking tuberculosis medications. Health literacy characteristics (p=0,008, OR=10,4, CI: 1,847-59,17) and respondent age (p=0,029, OR=0,2, CI: 0,070-0,863) with p-values 0.05 were found to be substantially related to tuberculosis patients' medication adherence.Conclusion. Health literacy is the most dominant variable in influencing medication adherence for tuberculosis patients after being controlled by age, education, and income.