bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model dependence of the number of participant nucleons and observable consequences in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Omana Kuttan Manjunath , Steinheimer Jan , Zhou Kai , Bleicher Marcus , Stoecker Horst 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe centrality determination and the estimated fluctuations of number of participant nucleons $$N_{part}$$

N

part

in Au–Au collisions at 1.23 AGeV beam kinetic energy suffers from severe model dependencies. Comparing the Glauber Monte Carlo (MC) and UrQMD transport models, it is shown that $$N_{part}$$

N

part

is a strongly model dependant quantity. In addition, for any given centrality class, Glauber MC and UrQMD predicts drastically different $$N_{part}$$

N

part

distributions. The impact parameter b and the number of charged particles $$N_{ch}$$

N

ch

on the other hand are much more correlated and give an almost model independent centrality estimator. It is suggested that the total baryon number balance, from integrated rapidity distributions, can be used instead of $$N_{part}$$

N

part

in experiments. Preliminary HADES data show significant differences to both, UrQMD simulations and STAR data in this respect.
Integrated conversion and photodetection of virtual photons in an ultrastrongly coupled superconducting quantum circuit
Authors: Giannelli Luigi , Anfuso Giorgio , Grajcar Miroslav , Paraoanu Gheorghe Sorin , Paladino Elisabetta , Falci Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ground state of an artificial atom ultrastrongly coupled to quantized modes is entangled and contains an arbitrary number of virtual photons. The problem of their detection has been raised since the very birth of the field, but despite the theoretical efforts still awaits experimental demonstration. Recently, experimental problems have been addressed in detail showing that they can be overcome by combining an unconventional design of the artificial atom with advanced coherent control. In this work, we study a simple scheme of control-integrated continuous measurement, which makes remarkably favorable the tradeoff between measurement efficiency and backaction showing that the unambiguous detection of virtual photons can be achieved within state-of-the-art quantum technologies.
Fundus Imaging-Based Healthcare: Present and Future
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Paul Kolin 
Published: September 2023

A fundus image is a two-dimensional pictorial representation of the membrane at the rear of the eye that consists of blood vessels, the optical disc, optical cup, macula, and fovea. Ophthalmologists use it during eye examinations to screen, diagnose, and monitor the progress of retinal diseases or conditions such as diabetes, age-marked degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and many more ocular ailments. Developments in ocular optical systems, image acquisition, processing, and management techniques over the past few years have contributed to the use of fundus images to monitor eye conditions and other related health complications.
This review summarizes the various state-of-the-art technologies related to the fundus imaging device, analysis techniques, and their potential applications for ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, AMD, cataracts, and ROP. We also present potential opportunities for fundus imaging–based affordable, noninvasive devices for scanning, monitoring, and predicting ocular health conditions and providing other physiological information, for example, heart rate (HR), blood components, pulse rate, heart rate variability (HRV), retinal blood perfusion, and more. In addition, we present different types of technological, economical, and sociological factors that impact the growth of the fundus imaging–based technologies for health monitoring.
A New Proof of Rational Cycles for Collatz-Like Functions Using a Coprime Condition
Authors: Bairrington Benjamin , Mohsen Nabil 
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we study the bounded trajectories of Collatz-like functions. Fix

α
,
β
∈

Z

>
0

so that

α

and

β

are coprime. Let

k
¯

=

k

1

,
…
,

k

β
−
1

so that for each

1
≤
i
≤
β
−
1

,

k

i

∈

Z

>
0

,

k

i

is coprime to

α

and

β

, and

k

i

≡
i

mod

β

. We define the function

C

α
,
β
,

k
¯

:

Z

>
0

⟶

Z

>
0

and the sequence

n
,

C

α
,
β
,

k
¯

n

,

C

α
,
β
,

k
¯

2

n

,
⋯

a trajectory of

n

. We say that the trajectory of

n

is an integral loop if there exists some

N

in

Z

>
0

so that

C

α
,
β
,

k
¯

N

n

=
n

. We define the characteristic mapping

χ

α
,
β
,

k
¯

:

Z

>
0

⟶

0,1
,
…
,
β
−
1

and the sequence

n
,

χ

α
,
β
,

k
¯

n

,

χ

α
,
β
,

k
¯

2

n

,
⋯

the characteristic trajectory of

n

. Let

B
∈

Z

β

be a

β

-adic sequence so that

B
=

χ

α
,
β
,

k
¯

i

n

i
≥
0

. We say that

B

is eventually periodic if it eventually has a purely

β

-adic expansion. We show that the trajectory of

n

eventually enters an integral loop if and only if

B

is eventually periodic.
Microtubule-Targeting Combined with HDAC Inhibition Is a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas
Authors: Ehteda Anahid , Khan Aaminah , Rajakumar Gayathiri , Vanniasinghe Anne S. , Gopalakrishnan Anjana , Liu Jie , Tsoli Maria , Ziegler David S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are an incurable childhood brain cancer for which novel treatments are needed. DIPGs are characterized by a mutation in the H3 histone (H3K27M), resulting in loss of H3K27 methylation and global gene dysregulation. TRX-E-009–1 is a novel anticancer agent with preclinical activity demonstrated against a range of cancers. We examined the antitumor activity of TRX-E-009–1 against DIPG neurosphere cultures and observed tumor-specific activity with IC50s ranging from 20 to 100 nmol/L, whereas no activity was observed against normal human astrocyte cells. TRX-E-009–1 exerted its anti-proliferative effect through the induction of apoptotic pathways, with marked increases in cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP levels, while also restoring histone H3K27me3 methylation. Co-administration of TRX-E-009–1 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor SAHA extended survival in DIPG orthotopic animal models. This antitumor effect was further enhanced with irradiation. Our findings indicate that TRX-E-009–1, combined with HDAC inhibition, represents a novel, potent therapy for children with DIPG.
A Novel Saliva and Serum miRNA Panel as a Potential Useful Index for Oral Cancer and the Association of miR-21 with Smoking History: a Pilot Study
Authors: Vageli Dimitra P. , Doukas Panagiotis G. , Shah Rema , Boyi Trinithas , Liu Christina , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Tobacco use is implicated in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is associated with poor survival if not diagnosed early. Identification of novel noninvasive, highly sensitive, and cost-effective diagnostic and risk assessment methods for OSCC would improve early detection. Here, we report a pilot study assessing salivary and serum miRNAs associated with OSCC and stratified by smoking status. Saliva and paired serum samples were collected from 23 patients with OSCC and 21 healthy volunteers, with an equal number of smokers and nonsmokers in each group. Twenty head and neck cancer–related miRNAs were quantified by qPCR (dual-labeled LNA probes) and analyzed by Welch t test (95% confidence interval). Four saliva miRNAs, miR-21, miR-136, miR-3928, and miR-29B, showed statistically significant overexpression in OSCC versus healthy controls (P &lt; 0.05). miR-21 was statistically significantly overexpressed in OSCC smokers versus nonsmokers (P = 0.006). Salivary miR-21, miR-136, and miR-3928, and serum miR-21 and miR-136, showed statistically significant differential expression in early-stage tumors versus controls (P &lt; 0.05), particularly miR-21 in smokers (P &lt; 0.005). This pilot study provides a novel panel of saliva and serum miRNAs associated with oral cancer. Further validation as a potential useful index of oral cancer, particularly miR-21 in smokers and early-stage OSCC is warranted.

Prevention Relevance:
Saliva and serum miR-21, miR-136, miR-3928, and miR-29B, are potentially associated with oral cancer even at an early stage, especially miR-21 in individuals with a smoking history, a further validation in a larger cohort of subjects with premalignant and early malignant lesions need to confirm.
Cardiac Aging Is Promoted by Pseudohypoxia Increasing p300-Induced Glycolysis
Authors: Serio Simone , Pagiatakis Christina , Musolino Elettra , Felicetta Arianna , Carullo Pierluigi , Laura Frances Javier , Papa Laura , Rozzi Giacomo , Salvarani Nicolò , Miragoli Michele , Gornati Rosalba , Bernardini Giovanni , Condorelli Gianluigi , Papait Roberto 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Heart failure is typical in the elderly. Metabolic remodeling of cardiomyocytes underlies inexorable deterioration of cardiac function with aging: glycolysis increases at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation, causing an energy deficit contributing to impaired contractility. Better understanding of the mechanisms of this metabolic switching could be critical for reversing the condition.

METHODS:
To investigate the role of 3 histone modifications (H3K27ac, H3K27me3, and H3K4me1) in the metabolic remodeling occurring in the aging heart, we cross-compared epigenomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data from mice of different ages. In addition, the role of the transcriptional coactivator p300 (E1A-associated binding protein p300)/CBP (CREB binding protein) in cardiac aging was investigated using a specific inhibitor of this histone acetyltransferase enzyme.

RESULTS:

We report a set of species-conserved enhancers associated with transcriptional changes underlying age-related metabolic remodeling in cardiomyocytes. Activation of the enhancer region of
Hk2
—a key glycolysis pathway gene—was fostered in old age–onset mouse heart by pseudohypoxia, wherein hypoxia-related genes are expressed under normal O
2
levels, via increased activity of P300/CBP. Pharmacological inhibition of this transcriptional coactivator before the onset of cardiac aging led to a more aerobic, less glycolytic, metabolic state, improved heart contractility, and overall blunting of cardiac decline.

CONCLUSIONS:
Taken together, our results suggest how epigenetic dysregulation of glycolysis pathway enhancers could potentially be targeted to treat heart failure in the elderly.
Prognostic Implications and Efficacy of Catheter Ablation by Atrial Fibrillation Type
Authors: Miyama Hiroshi , Takatsuki Seiji , Ikemura Nobuhiro , Kimura Takehiro , Katsumata Yoshinori , Yamashita Shuhei , Yamaoka Koki , Ibe Susumu , Seki Yuta , Yamashita Terumasa , Hashimoto Kenji , Ueda Ikuko , Ueno Koji , Ohki Takahiro , Fukuda Keiichi , Kohsaka Shun 
Published: September 2023

Background
Catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is preferred for paroxysmal AF (PAF) but selectively performed in patients with persistent AF (PersAF). This study aimed to investigate the prognostic differences and consequences of CA based on the AF type.

Methods and Results

Data from a multicenter AF cohort study were analyzed, categorizing patients as PAF or PersAF according to AF duration (≤7 or >7 days, respectively). A composite of all‐cause death, heart failure hospitalization, stroke, and bleeding events during 2‐year follow‐up and changes in the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality‐of‐life score were compared. Additionally, propensity score matching was performed to compare clinical outcomes of patients with and without CA in both AF types. Among 2788 patients, 51.6% and 48.4% had PAF and PersAF, respectively. Patients with PersAF had a higher incidence of the composite outcome (12.8% versus 7.2%;
P
<0.001) and smaller improvements in Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality‐of‐life scores than those with PAF. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, PersAF was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.30–1.78],
P
=0.031) and was associated with poor improvements in Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality‐of‐life scores. Propensity score matching analysis showed that the CA group had significantly fewer adverse events than the medication group among patients with PAF (odds ratio, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.18–0.68];
P
=0.002). Patients with PersAF showed a similar but nonsignificant trend.

Conclusions
PersAF is a risk factor for worse clinical outcomes, including patients' health status. CA is associated with fewer adverse events, although careful consideration is required based on the AF type.
A Multicenter Analysis of Abnormal Chromosomal Microarray Findings in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Landis Benjamin J. , Helvaty Lindsey R. , Geddes Gabrielle C. , Lin Jiuann‐Huey Ivy , Yatsenko Svetlana A. , Lo Cecilia W. , Border William L. , Wechsler Stephanie Burns , Murali Chaya N. , Azamian Mahshid S. , Lalani Seema R. , Hinton Robert B. , Garg Vidu , McBride Kim L. , Hodge Jennelle C. , Ware Stephanie M. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) provides an opportunity to understand genetic causes of congenital heart disease (CHD). The methods for describing cardiac phenotypes in patients with CMA abnormalities have been inconsistent, which may complicate clinical interpretation of abnormal testing results and hinder a more complete understanding of genotype–phenotype relationships.

Methods and Results

Patients with CHD and abnormal clinical CMA were accrued from 9 pediatric cardiac centers. Highly detailed cardiac phenotypes were systematically classified and analyzed for their association with CMA abnormality. Hierarchical classification of each patient into 1 CHD category facilitated broad analyses. Inclusive classification allowing multiple CHD types per patient provided sensitive descriptions. In 1363 registry patients, 28% had genomic disorders with well‐recognized CHD association, 67% had clinically reported copy number variants (CNVs) with rare or no prior CHD association, and 5% had regions of homozygosity without CNV. Hierarchical classification identified expected CHD categories in genomic disorders, as well as uncharacteristic CHDs. Inclusive phenotyping provided sensitive descriptions of patients with multiple CHD types, which occurred commonly. Among CNVs with rare or no prior CHD association, submicroscopic CNVs were enriched for more complex types of CHD compared with large CNVs. The submicroscopic CNVs that contained a curated CHD gene were enriched for left ventricular obstruction or septal defects, whereas CNVs containing a single gene were enriched for conotruncal defects. Neuronal‐related pathways were over‐represented in single‐gene CNVs, including top candidate causative genes
NRXN3
,
ADCY2
, and
HCN1
.

Conclusions
Intensive cardiac phenotyping in multisite registry data identifies genotype–phenotype associations in CHD patients with abnormal CMA.
Menstrual Cycle Irregularity in Adolescence Is Associated With Cardiometabolic Health in Early Adulthood
Authors: Keenan Kate , Hipwell Alison E. , Polonsky Tamar S. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Menstrual cycle irregularities are associated with cardiovascular and cardiometabolic disease. We tested associations between age at menarche and cycle irregularity in adolescence and cardiometabolic health in early adulthood in a subsample from the Pittsburgh Girls Study.

Methods and Results

Data from annual interviews were used to assess age at menarche and cycle irregularity (ie, greater or less than every 27–29 days) at age 15 years. At ages 22 to 25 years, cardiometabolic health was measured in a subsample of the Pittsburgh Girls Study (n=352; 68.2% Black), including blood pressure, waist circumference, and fasting serum insulin, glucose, and lipids.
T
tests were used for continuous data and odds ratios for dichotomous data to compare differences in cardiometabolic health as a function of onset and regularity of menses. Early menarche (ie, before age 11 years; n=52) was associated with waist circumference (
P
=0.043). Participants reporting irregular cycles (n=50) in adolescence had significantly higher levels of insulin, glucose, and triglycerides, and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (
P
values range from 0.035 to 0.005) and were more likely to have clinical indicators of cardiometabolic predisease in early adulthood compared with women who reported regular cycles (odds ratios ranged from 1.89 to 2.56).

Conclusions
Increasing rates and earlier onset of cardiovascular and metabolic disease among women, especially among Black women, highlights the need for identifying early and reliable risk indices. Menstrual cycle irregularity may serve this purpose and help elucidate the role of women's reproductive health in protecting and conferring risk for later cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases.
Dual-encoded magnetization transfer and diffusion imaging and its
application to tract-specific microstructure mapping
Authors: Leppert Ilana R. , Bontempi Pietro , Rowley Christopher D. , Campbell Jennifer S.W. , Nelson Mark C. , Schiavi Simona , Pike G. Bruce , Daducci Alessandro , Tardif Christine L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present a novel dual-encoded magnetization transfer (MT) and diffusion-weighted sequence and demonstrate its potential to resolve distinct properties of white matter fiber tracts at the sub-voxel level. The sequence was designed and optimized for maximal MT ratio (MTR) efficiency. The resulting whole brain 2.6 mm isotropic protocol to measure tract-specific MTR has a scan time under 7 minutes. Ten healthy subjects were scanned twice to assess repeatability. Two different analysis methods were contrasted: a technique to extract tract-specific MTR using Convex Optimization Modeling for Microstructure Informed Tractography (COMMIT), a global optimization technique; and conventional MTR tractometry. The results demonstrate that the tract-specific method can reliably resolve the MT ratios of major white matter fiber pathways and is less affected by partial volume effects than conventional multi-modal tractometry. By reducing the contamination due to partial volume averaging of tracts, dual-encoded MT and diffusion may increase the sensitivity to microstructure alterations of specific tracts due to disease, aging, or learning, as well as lead to weighted structural connectomes with more anatomical specificity.
Redescription of the subgenus Securiops Jacobus, McCafferty & Gattolliat 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Procloeon Bengtsson 1915)
Authors: KLUGE NIKITA J. 
Published: September 2023

The taxon Securiops Jacobus, McCafferty & Gattolliat 2006 is treated here as a subgenus of the genus Procloeon Bengtsson 1915; it shares all characters of Procloeon s. l. and besides them, has peculiar autapomorphies in mouthparts structure. Diagnoses of Cloeon/fg1 (or the tribe Cloeonini sensu Kluge 2016), Procloeon/g1 (or the genus Procloeon sensu Kluge 2016) and Securiops are given. Larvae of the South African species Procloeon (Securiops) falcatum (Crass 1947) comb. n. are described for the first time. Based on reared specimens from Zambia, larvae of Procloeon (Securiops) macafertiorum Lugo-Ortiz (in Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty) 1996 are redescribed; subimagines, imagines and eggs of this species are described for the first time. New larval characters of Procloeon (Securiops) mutadens (Jacobus et al. 2006) comb. n. are reported based on a larva from Gambia. Based on reared specimens from Thailand, larvae of Procloeon (Securiops) primasia (Kaltenbach et al. 2023) comb. n. are redescribed; subimagines, imagines and well-developed eggs of this species are described for the first time. Genitalia of Cheleocloeon excisum (Barnard 1932) are figured for the first time.
Virtual Visits in Medical Education: A Medical Student and Resident Perspective
Authors: Kang Y. , Sinco B. R. , Kim Grace J. 
Published: September 2023

Background Necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual care is now a fixture in health care delivery. Literature describes the pivot to virtual clinical education; however, less is known about the learner experience. Understanding perspectives of medical students and residents provides insight to optimize the educational experience in virtual care. Methods Third-year medical students and general surgery residents at an academic teaching institution rated their experience of virtual clinic compared to in-person clinic through an anonymous 20-question survey. Questions were on a 5-point Likert scale with narrative opportunities and queried 4 learner objectives: patient care, systems-based practice, education, and faculty engagement. Medical student and resident responses were compared using a t-test. Results Lowest rated items included the ability to perform an accurate physical exam, engage with faculty, promote efficiency, and learn clinical skills. Residents gave lower ratings than medical students on all questions. There were significant differences between medical students and residents ( P < .05) in actively participating in patient care, obtaining patient history, having adequate time for patient history, and facilitating efficiency. Narrative themes included faculty variability, virtual visits as additive but insufficient to replace in-person visits, and the importance of being in the same physical space or Zoom Room as faculty. Discussion Learners perceive the ability to perform a physical exam, promote efficiency, and engage with faculty to be compromised in the virtual clinic setting. Residents had less favorable perceptions of virtual clinic compared to medical students. Faculty should consider these varying learner perceptions to optimize the educational environment in virtual care.
The Australian Constitution as a Framework for Securing Economic Justice
Authors: Emerton Patrick , James Kathryn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe contend that, contrary to mainstream understanding, the Australian Constitution provides a meaningful framework for ensuring economic justice, by virtue of its conferral upon the Commonwealth Parliament of particular legislative powers, namely the income justice and taxation powers. We draw on Rawlsian political theory, together with constitutional theory including recent work on constitutional directive principles, to explain how a constitution, and specifically the Australian Constitution, can impose requirements upon the political order independently of its operation as a legal instrument whose legal meaning is interpreted and applied by the courts. We use this novel account of the relationship between political and legal constitutionalism to establish the consequences, for each branch of government, of this constitutional requirement to secure economic justice. This includes a defence, from the perspective of political as well as legal constitutionalism, of the constitutionality of laws imposing retrospective taxation.