bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
eP121 Compliance of Emergency General Surgery Operation Notes at a Major Tertiary Acute Hospital in the United Kingdom to GIRFT Guidelines: A Closed Loop Audit
Authors: Mallawaarachchi Gagana , Maharajh Sandeep , Almerie Qutayba , Goldsmith Paul , Macutkiewicz Christian , Chan Anthony 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Medicolegal claims and litigation costs is estimated at £8 billion per year within the NHS in England, with 10% of cases involving General Surgery. Clear documentation is therefore critical to allow transparency and fair resolution of any medicolegal dispute. Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) works with many organisations including NHS Resolution to support the improvement of patient experiences and outcomes. This closed-loop audit assesses and improves compliance with GIRFT operation note guidelines within emergency general surgery where cases are more variable due to acute pathology.

Method
Operation notes for emergency procedures (appendicectomy, inguinal hernia repair, cholecystectomy and laparotomy involving bowel resection) Details were audited point by point against GIRFT Best Practise operation note guidelines.

Results
A total of 170 emergency surgeries were identified and analysed between February and May 2024 within our department. There were significant omissions of key surgical steps such as the identification of anatomic landmarks and intraoperative findings. We implemented a comprehensive Electronic Patient Record (EPR) operation note template based on GIRFT guidelines as a quality improvement measure. Notable improvements in documentation at a reaudit includes: appendicectomy (appendiceal base visible 0% to 68%, dissection of artery 46% to 96%), cholecystectomy (intraoperative findings 73% to 100%), inguinal hernia (testis in scrotum 0% to 100%) and laparotomy/bowel resection (staple-line check 5% to 66%).

Conclusion
This audit demonstrates the effectiveness of EPR templates as a tool to improve operative note documentation, and provides standardisation to promote clarity and transparency for both clinical and medicolegal purposes.
eP135 Human Factors and Quantitative Data: Diverging Perspectives on ICG Use in Emergency Bowel Surgery
Authors: Kulkarni Ankita , Sheth Camy , Swe Thin Thin , Tjhin Yovita , Pawa Nikhil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Indocyanine Green (ICG) has emerged as a valuable tool in emergency bowel ischemia surgery due to its ability to enhance visualization of bowel perfusion. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the role of ICG, focusing specifically on human factors that influence its efficacy and outcomes versus the quantitative data obtained from the same literature.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted on Embase and PubMed using the keywords: ICG, emergency, surgery, bowel, ischemia, and perfusion. Out of 266 articles identified, 32 original studies were included for analysis.

Results
ICG analysis is shown to be effective in predicting either true ischaemia or true bowel viability in 302 out of 308 cases identified. Discrepancies between visual assessment and ICG analysis were found in 38.3% (n=118) cases. Among these, ICG prediction is not always followed, resulting in further resections being needed (n=7) due to ongoing ischaemia.

Conclusion
ICG shows significant promise as a tool for enhancing surgical decision-making in emergency bowel ischemia. However, its clinical effectiveness is deeply influenced by key human factors, including surgeon expertise, patient characteristics (e.g. use of intra-operative inotropes, body weight), preoperative biases, and real-time decision adjustments (e.g. timing of assessment post fluorescence injection). The lack of interdisciplinary collaboration and challenges in interpreting fluorescence angiography further impact outcomes. Addressing these gaps in receptiveness, interdisciplinary integration, and decision frameworks is essential to fully harness the potential of ICG in improving surgical results. Future studies must prioritize these areas to optimize its clinical application.
Incomplete Ascertainment of Mortality in a Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study of Community-Living Older Americans
Authors: Gill Thomas M , Liang Jingchen , Vander Wyk Brent , Leo-Summers Linda , Wang Yi , Becher Robert D , Davis-Plourde Kendra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In longitudinal studies of older persons, complete ascertainment of mortality is needed to minimize potential biases. To ascertain mortality in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), investigators are advised to use its Sensitive files, which include month and year of death on most decedents who had not dropped out of the study. Because losses to follow-up are not insubstantial, ascertainment of mortality is likely incomplete.

Methods
We used linked Medicare data as the reference standard to determine the extent by which mortality is underestimated in NHATS through use of its recommended strategy. Ascertainment of mortality was compared between the two strategies over 10 years for 7,608 members of the 2011 cohort and 5 years for 7,498 members of the 2015 cohort.

Results
The Sensitive files did not identify a large number of decedents, leading to suboptimal sensitivity, ranging from 61.3% (2011 cohort, 10 years) to 75.5% (2015 cohort, 5 years). Some non-decedents were also misclassified as dead using the Sensitive files. Cumulative mortality rates were modestly lower for the recommended strategy, although the number of participants at risk decreased markedly over time. Mortality incidence rates were also modestly lower for the recommended strategy, with incidence rate ratios ranging from 0.88 (2011 cohort, 10 years) to 0.94 (2011 cohort, 5 years).

Conclusions
The strategy recommended by NHATS leads to incomplete ascertainment and, to a lesser degree, misclassification of mortality. Caution may be warranted when interpreting results of longitudinal analyses in NHATS that evaluate mortality using the recommended strategy.
Health literacy and psychological wellbeing of employees working from home in Germany—online survey results
Authors: Kleist Lara , Kühn Lukas , Wengemuth Eileen , Choi Kyung-Eun (Anna) 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Employees’ psychological wellbeing is of special interest to employers, as mental illnesses are still the second most common reason for work absences. The psychological wellbeing of employees is determined by factors at an individual, interpersonal and organizational level. Health literacy encompasses both the individual and the organizational level and thus offers a good concept against the background of employees’ psychological wellbeing. Furthermore, demographic change increases skills shortages, while recently, other working models, such as increasing home office arrangements, benefit and challenge both employees and employers. Therefore, this study examines the associations between individual and organizational health literacy, work-from-home culture, and the psychological wellbeing of employees who mainly work from home. An anonymous open online survey via Facebook and Instagram advertisements was conducted in June 2023 in Germany. The questionnaire included nine thematic groups with validated and nonvalidated scales (e.g. WHO-5 Wellbeing-Index). Data from 103 participants were suitable for data analyses in IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Of the participating employees, 17% were assigned to males and 83% to females. The mean age was 49.5 years. Individual and organizational health literacy and work-from-home culture were positively associated with employees’ psychological wellbeing. Organizational health literacy mediated the effect of individual health literacy on employees’ psychological wellbeing. Individual and organizational health literacy totally mediated the impact of work-from-home culture. The study results highlight that individual and organizational health literacy provide useful concepts for practitioners and researchers regarding the psychological wellbeing of employees working from home and that both might play a crucial role in mediating the effect of organizational culture aspects on employees’ psychological wellbeing.
Enhancing young people’s pregnancy loss and fertility awareness and knowledge via schools: a way forward
Authors: Harnett Zara , O’Donoghue Keelin , Linehan Laura , Escañuela Sánchez Tamara , Cotter Rióna , Dineen Susan , Fitzgerald Brendan , Power Órla , Whelan Shelly , Peters Holly , Hennessy Marita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pregnancy and infant loss, in the form of miscarriage, stillbirth or early neonatal death, occurs in 20–25% of all pregnancies. Despite its prevalence and associated physical and psychological impacts, there remains a lack of public awareness and understanding of pregnancy loss, including amongst people of reproductive age. Drawing on evidence from a preliminary review of peer-reviewed and grey literature, we make the case for enhancing pregnancy loss and (in)fertility awareness, specifically focusing on young people in second-level education. We situate our work within reproductive health and reproductive justice frames, recognizing the impact of social factors on people’s reproductive lives, and the need for multi-level interventions to enable people to fully realize their reproductive rights and goals. Although schools provide an important setting to learn about and discuss topics relating to sexual and reproductive health—including pregnancy loss and fertility—current evidence suggests that this is not happening, despite young people’s desire to engage in such conversations. While there are barriers to addressing sexual and reproductive health issues within schools (including lack of access to teacher training, continuing professional development, appropriate and engaging resource material, teacher discomfort and lack of confidence), it is important that interventions are developed in collaboration with all relevant knowledge users, including young people themselves. This will help to ensure that any interventions developed are relevant, acceptable, feasible and effective. Further research is needed to explore how education around pregnancy loss and fertility can be best delivered within school settings.
Intracranial neurenteric cyst in the cerebellopontine angle: a case report
Authors: Golden Nyoman , Awyono Steven , Lauren Christopher , Prakoso Dicky T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neurenteric cysts, rare benign tumors, are most often found in the cervical or thoracic spinal cord, with intracranial occurrences being extremely uncommon. This case report describes a 52-year-old female with a neurenteric cyst in the cerebellopontine angle, presenting with headaches and balance disturbances. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a cystic lesion causing hydrocephalus, and surgical removal was performed using a retrosigmoid approach. Histopathological analysis confirmed the cyst as Type A neurenteric, characterized by ciliated columnar epithelium and goblet cells. Postoperatively, the patient showed significant improvement with resolved symptoms. Neurenteric cysts can mimic other cystic lesions radiologically, complicating diagnosis. Management typically involves surgical excision, although complete removal is often challenging due to cyst adherence to nearby structures. Recurrence rates remain high, necessitating long-term follow-up. This case highlights the importance of differential diagnosis and careful surgical planning in managing neurenteric cysts to optimize patient outcomes.
Droughts and components of net farm income in select U.S. regions
Authors: Borisova Tatiana , McDonald Tia M. , Winters-Michaud Clayton , Miller Noah J. , Law Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThis paper explores the relationship between droughts and U.S. agricultural sector profitability in select U.S. regions. We also examine the extent to which the farm safety net, including direct government payments and the federal crop insurance program, may compensate for the impacts of drought on farm sector profitability.Design/methodology/approachFixed effect regressions estimate the relationship between drought and profitability for the farm sector. The analysis uses a panel of annual, state-level net farm income and its subcomponents (from the USDA, Economic Research Service) and state-level annual drought measures constructed from county crop damage days (as reported in the Spatial Hazard Events and Losses Database for the United States, or SHELDUS). SHELDUS includes Severe (D2) or more intense drought shocks for the states east of the Rocky Mountains, and these states provide the focus for our analysis.FindingsMarket net farm income negatively correlates with the drought measures. This relation is partially driven by the increase in production expenses during drought episodes. Further, sales from inventories tend to increase during drought periods. A significant share of damages to sector performance are offset by federal crop insurance program indemnities. Finally, our results show that drought impacts and the effects of the farm safety net are distributed differently across geographic regions.Originality/valueTo our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to examine drought impacts on the components of agricultural profitability, including the farm safety net and production expenses, at the sector level.
Relevance of buffer zones in protecting World Heritage Sites (WHS) in urban contexts: case of Indian WHS
Authors: Dey Anindita , Pasupuleti Ram Sateesh 
Published: January 2025

PurposeBuffer zones are tools to protect the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of World Heritage Sites (WHS), whose delineation process depends on state parties. There is a lack of research on the concept and understanding of buffer zones, especially in the Indian context. The aim of this paper is to build a theoretical understanding of the concept and relevance of buffer zones for WHS of different scales, contexts and typologies.Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative study analyzing secondary literature (global and Indian official documents, research and publications, etc.) using both thematic and comparative analysis. While thematic analysis was employed to code and decode existing literature, comparative analysis was done for nine Indian WHS.FindingsThis analysis shows some criteria are relevant across buffer zones globally but are not clearly established or documented. Moreover, in India, although there are nine relevant buffer zone criteria, most heritage sites focus on two criteria – Visual Integrity and Laws and Regulations. This paper argues that all nine criteria must be considered while defining buffer zones.Originality/valueThis is the first attempt at a comprehensive analysis and understanding of buffer zones based on different heritage contexts.
Low‐Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Treatment Selectively Stimulates Senescent Cells to Promote SASP Factors for Immune Cell Recruitment
Authors: Gwak HyeRan , Hong Seoyoung , Lee Su Hyun , Kim In Woo , Kim Yonghan , Kim Hyungmin , Pahk Ki Joo , Kim So Yeon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs emerging therapeutic strategies for aging and age‐associated diseases, various biochemical approaches have been developed to selectively remove senescent cells, but how physical stimulus influences senescent cells and its possible application in senolytic therapy has not been reported yet. Here we developed a physical method to selectively stimulate senescent cells via low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment. LIPUS stimulation did not affect the cell cycle, but selectively enhanced secretion of specific cytokines in senescent cells, known as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), resulting in enhanced migration of monocytes/macrophages and upregulation of phagocytosis of senescent cells by M1 macrophage. We found that LIPUS stimulation selectively perturbed the cellular membrane structure in senescent cells, which led to activation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species‐dependent p38‐NF‐κB signaling pathway. Using a UV‐induced skin aging mouse model, we confirmed enhanced macrophage infiltration followed by reduced senescent cells after LIPUS treatment. Due to the advantages of ultrasound treatment, such as non‐invasiveness, deep penetration capability, and easy application in clinical settings, we expect that our method can be applied to treat various senescence‐associated diseases or combined with other established biochemical therapies to enhance efficacy.
Characterization of Human Senescent Cell Biomarkers for Clinical Trials
Authors: Farr Joshua N. , Monroe David G. , Atkinson Elizabeth J. , Froemming Mitchell N. , Ruan Ming , LeBrasseur Nathan K. , Khosla Sundeep 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThere is an increasing need for biomarkers of senescent cell burden to facilitate the selection of participants for clinical trials. p16Ink4a is encoded by the CDKN2A locus, which produces five variant transcripts in humans, two of which encode homologous p16 proteins: p16Inka4a, encoded by p16_variant 1, and p16ɣ, encoded by p16_variant 5. While distinct quantitative polymerase chain reaction primers can be designed for p16_variant 5, primers for p16_variant 1 also measure p16_variant 5 (p16_variant 1 + 5). In a recent clinical trial evaluating the effects of the senolytic combination, dasatinib + quercetin (D + Q), on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women, we found that women in the highest tertile for T‐cell expression of p16_variant 5 had the most robust skeletal responses to D + Q. Importantly, the assessment of p16_variant 5 was more predictive of these responses than p16_variant 1 + 5. Here, we demonstrate that in vitro, p16_variant 1 + 5 increased rapidly (Week 1) following the induction of DNA damage, whereas p16_variant 5 increased later (Week 4), suggesting that p16_variant 5 becomes detectable only when the abundance of senescent cells reaches some threshold. Further analysis identified a SASP panel in plasma that performed as well in identifying postmenopausal women with a positive skeletal response to D + Q. Collectively, our findings provide further support for the T‐cell p16_variant 5 assay as a biomarker for selecting participants in clinical trials of senolytic interventions. In addition, our data indicate that correlated plasma SASP markers could be used in lieu of the more technically challenging T‐cell p16 assay.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04313634.
Disparities in Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease Hospital Encounters Amongst a Texas‐Based Cohort of Patients
Authors: Cotter Thomas G. , Anouti Ahmad , Zhang Bill , Rady Elias D. , Patel Mausam , Patel Suraj , Ellis Daniel J. , Lieber Sarah R. , Rich Nicole E. , O'Leary Jacqueline G. , Mitchell Mack C. , Singal Amit G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) disproportionately impacts men, racial and ethnic minorities, and individuals of low socioeconomic status; however, it's unclear how recent increases in ALD burden have impacted these disparities. We aimed to describe trends in racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in alcohol‐associated hospital encounters.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult hospital encounters with alcohol‐associated diagnoses from three health systems between January 2016 and December 2021. The cohort was divided into three eras: a ‘Historical Era,’ (Oct 2016—June 2018, used only for trends); ‘Era 1’ (July 2018—March 2020); and ‘Era 2’ (April 2020—December 2021). Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with overall survival.ResultsWe identified 19,295 individuals with alcohol‐associated encounters (44.7% White, 29.8% Hispanic, and 21.8% non‐Hispanic Black (NHB) individuals), with a greater increase observed between eras 1 and 2 than the historical era and Era 1 (8.7% vs. 5.0%, p < 0.01). By age and sex, the greatest increases in encounters were observed in the youngest and oldest females but only the oldest males. By race and ethnicity, Hispanic individuals had greater increases in encounters compared to Black and White individuals (14.8% vs. 7.5% and 6.3%, p < 0.01). Older age (aSHR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.03–1.0), higher MELD (aSHR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.0–1.09), hepatic encephalopathy (aSHR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.06–1.90), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (aSHR: 3.20, 95% CI: 2.29–4.49) were associated with increased mortality.ConclusionThe highest increases of alcohol‐associated encounters were observed amongst young Hispanic and NHB women, highlighting variation in trends by age, sex, race and ethnicity. These disparities merit further investigation to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop tailored interventions to improve ALD burden and outcomes.
Promoting effective transitions: Primary school social–emotional competencies predict secondary school reading and numeracy achievement
Authors: Carpendale Emma J. , Green Melissa J. , White Sonia L. J. , Williams Kate E. , Tzoumakis Stacy , Watkeys Oliver J. , Harris Felicity , O'Hare Kirstie , Carr Vaughan J. , Laurens Kristin R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe transition from primary to secondary school presents a challenging developmental milestone which often marks a decline in academic performance. Social–emotional skills are recognized as fundamental to academic success but longitudinal research is needed to determine the extent of their association over this transition period.AimThis study sought to determine the association between self‐reported social–emotional competencies of students in their final year of primary school (Year 6; age ~11 years) and reading and numeracy performance in their first year of secondary school (Year 7; age ~12 years).SampleThe study used a large Australian sample (n = 23,865), drawn from the New South Wales Child Development Study population cohort.MethodsThe Middle Childhood Survey–Social–Emotional Learning assessment, administered during Year 6, comprises the five competencies defined by the Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL): Self‐Awareness, Self‐Management, Social Awareness, Relationship Skills and Responsible Decision‐Making. These data were linked with students' Year 7 reading and numeracy scores from the standardized National Assessment Program–Literacy and Numeracy measure. Associations were examined in multi‐level structural equation models which accounted for prior (Year 5) academic achievement and sociodemographic covariates. Multi‐group analyses explored invariance across girls and boys.ResultsSelf‐Awareness and Self‐Management demonstrated significant and meaningful positive relationships with reading and numeracy performance. Associations with reading were invariant by sex but boys demonstrated significantly stronger associations than girls on numeracy.ConclusionFindings suggest that bolstering primary school students' intrapersonal social–emotional competencies may safeguard their academic achievement over the transition into secondary school.