bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with true‐positive and false‐positive diagnoses of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia in 100 consecutive referrals from specialist physicians
Authors: Flavell Joshua , Ahern Emily G. M. , Logan Benignus , Shaw Thomas B. , Adam Robert J. , McElligott Caitlin A. T. , Nestor Peter J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a challenging diagnosis due to overlapping symptoms with psychiatric and other neurological conditions. Accordingly, misdiagnosis is common. The present study aimed to identify clinical factors contributing to misdiagnoses of bvFTD by specialist physicians.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 100 consecutive referrals by specialist physicians (primarily psychiatrists, neurologists and geriatricians) to a tertiary cognitive disorders clinic specializing in frontotemporal lobar degenerative disorders. Patients were included if the referring specialist suspected bvFTD or if bvFTD was confirmed as the final diagnosis. Diagnostic factors were assessed by comparing the initial referral information with final clinical diagnoses.ResultsOf the 100 patients, 34 were true‐positive and 66 were false‐positive for bvFTD. False‐positive diagnoses were often based on misinterpretation of neuroimaging, particularly nuclear imaging (FDG‐PET and HMPAO‐SPECT), where subjective interpretation errors led to incorrect bvFTD diagnoses in 32 patients. Cognitive testing also contributed to misdiagnosis, with formal neuropsychological testing incorrectly leading to a bvFTD diagnosis in 20 patients. Patients with prior psychiatric histories were more likely to be misdiagnosed. Observable behavioural features of bvFTD and physical neurological signs were significantly more prevalent in true‐positive patients.ConclusionsMisinterpretation of neuroimaging and cognitive testing, in particular formal neuropsychological testing, significantly contributed to false‐positive bvFTD diagnoses. Physicians should be cautious not to over‐interpret neuroimaging and neuropsychology studies and be wary of patients with prior psychiatric histories. In contrast, greater weight should be placed on objective clinical observations of behavioural signs of bvFTD and the emergence of physical neurological signs.
Navigating Host Immunity and Concurrent Ozone Stress: Strain‐Resolved Metagenomics Reveals Maintenance of Intraspecific Diversity and Genetic Variation in Xanthomonas on Pepper
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Russell Ivory , Liu Ranlin , Holland Auston , Bhandari Rishi , Potnis Neha 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe evolving threat of new pathogen variants in the face of global environmental changes poses a risk to a sustainable crop production. Predicting and responding to how climate change affects plant‐pathosystems is challenging, as environment affects host–pathogen interactions from molecular to the community level, and with eco‐evolutionary feedbacks at play. To address this knowledge gap, we studied short‐term within‐host eco‐evolutionary changes in the pathogen, Xanthomonas perforans, on resistant and susceptible pepper in the open‐top chambers (OTCs) under elevated Ozone (O3) conditions in a single growing season. We observed increased disease severity with greater variance on the resistant cultivar under elevated O3, yet no apparent change on the susceptible cultivar. Despite the dominance of a single pathogen genotype on the susceptible cultivar, the resistant cultivar supported a heterogeneous pathogen population. Altered O3 levels led to a strain turnover, with a relatively greater gene flux on the resistant cultivar. Both standing genetic variation and de novo parallel mutations contributed toward evolutionary modifications during adaptation onto the resistant cultivar. The presence of elevated O3, however, led to a relatively higher genetic polymorphism, with random and transient mutations. Population heterogeneity along with genetic variation, and the promotion of interdependency are mechanisms by which pathogen responds to stressors. While parallel mutations may provide clues to predicting long‐term pathogen evolution and adaptive potential. And, a high proportion of transient mutations suggest less predictable pathogen evolution under climatic alterations. This knowledge is relevant as we study the risk of pathogen emergence and the mechanisms and constraints underlying long‐term pathogen adaptation under climatic shifts.
The design and evaluation of an interactive AI companion for foreign language writing
Authors: Mills Nicole , Hok Hannah , Dressen Arnaud , Veillas Quentin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Modern Language Association (MLA) published a writing and artificial intelligence (AI) working paper that provided an overview of key issues, concerns, and recommendations to help language educators make principle‐driven pedagogical decisions to support critical AI literacy. To address the MLA's recommendations, a collaborative AI writing companion project was designed that assists learners in a process‐oriented, design approach to writing. The tool seeks to emphasize writing as a meaningful, collaborative process of communication that involves both learner autonomy and a focus on textual conventions. Perceptions of the platform's efficacy were assessed employing constructs from the psychology of language learning such as writing self‐efficacy, anxiety, and self‐efficacy for self‐regulation and user experience measures such as perceived anthropomorphism, teaching presence, and enjoyment. Findings revealed that students' perceptions and enjoyment of the AI chatbot were associated with how competent students perceived themselves to be as writers and other self‐reported outcomes.
Daily Work Characteristics: Implications for Interruptions and Goal Attainment
Authors: Saelinger Anna , Converse Patrick D. , Lor Kauyer , al‐Qallawi Sherif 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTInterruptions are a common and consequential issue for many workers. Although several studies have examined work interruptions, little research has explored work characteristics as potential antecedents of interruptions, particularly from a within‐person perspective. The current study examined this issue by investigating how several prominent job characteristics relate to employee interruptions and goal attainment using a daily diary design. Specifically, 162 employed individuals completed daily measures of work characteristics (job autonomy, task variety, job complexity, and task interdependence), external interruption (intrusion) frequency, internal interruption (mind wandering) frequency, and goal attainment. Results from multilevel modeling analyses demonstrated links between work characteristics and intrusions and between mind wandering and goal attainment. These findings contribute to our understanding of both work interruptions and work design and may inform practical applications related to managing interruptions.
The Colonial Imaginary of ‘Europe’ in the EU's Asymmetrical Response to the Russian and Israeli Aggressions: Ukraine as a Member of the ‘Family’ Whilst ‘Othering’ Palestine
Authors: Oleart Alvaro , Roch Juan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhat is ‘Europe’? The response to this question is not straightforward, as ‘Europe’ is a floating signifier that is in constant renegotiation. In this article, we focus on the imaginary of ‘Europe’ that has been deployed in the most salient international crises of the last years that have heavily shaken European Union (EU) politics: the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the attack of Hamas on 7 October 2023, followed by the ensuing offensive of Israel on the Palestinian Gaza Strip. More concretely, we ask: what is the narrative of ‘Europe’ articulated by the European Commission President, Ursula von der Leyen, and the HRVP, Josep Borrell, in response to these events? We argue that, in the context of these two cases, two distinct imaginaries of ‘Europe’ have been mobilised based on differentiated conceptualisations of the relationship of ‘Europe’ to Ukraine and Palestine. Whereas Ukraine is conceived as part of the ‘European family’, there is a process of ‘othering’ Palestine. Our article exposes the racism and double standards of the EU in regard to the defence of international law and human rights, the exclusiveness of who belongs to ‘Europe’ and the continuity of the colonial thinking that permeates the narratives of EU leaders.
Molecular Diagnostic Patenting After Mayo v. Prometheus: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Chien Colleen V. , Clark Jenna , Rai Arti K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSince the United States Supreme Court's 2012 decision in Mayo v. Prometheus announced a new legal test for patent‐eligible subject matter, policymakers, and scholars have vigorously debated the decision's impact on molecular diagnostics innovation. Molecular diagnostics serve as the cornerstone of personalized medicine and its promise of treatments with fewer side effects and better outcomes for patients. This article contributes to the presently thin evidence base on the impact of Mayo by using data on patent applications, examinations, and grants from 2010 to 2019 to comprehensively trace the effects of the test and subsequent related developments. Using descriptive data as well as a difference‐in‐difference (DID) design we evaluate the extent to which the decision was followed by one of three expected outcomes: a decline in patent quantity (“retrenchment”); increase in patent prosecution “toughness”; and applicant “adaptation” with respect to submitted claims. We find substantial support for our toughness and adaptation hypotheses, but not our retrenchment hypothesis: molecular diagnostic patenting did not decline in aggregate, though there is some evidence of a decline, relative to a control, in the number of diagnostic patent applications and grants associated with small, U.S.‐based firms. These results suggest that molecular diagnostic patents are harder to get but they are still being applied for and granted, with their narrowed scope making them less likely to block follow on innovation.
The Effect of Nursing Students' Artificial Intelligence Anxiety on Their Knowledge of Robotic Surgery: The Mediating Role of Individual Innovativeness
Authors: Soyer Er Ozlem , Ozpinar Esra Pinarkaya 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimsThis study aims of determine the mediating role of individual innovativeness in the effect of nursing students' artificial intelligence anxiety on their robotic surgery knowledge level.DesignThis study was cross‐sectional type.MethodsIt was conducted with 391 students. Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale, Robotic Surgery and Robotic Surgery Nursing Knowledge Level Survey and Individual Innovativeness Scale were used to collect data. PROCESS Macro methods were used.ResultsThere was a negative, very weak and significant relationship among artificial intelligence anxiety and individual innovativeness and level of robotic surgery nursing knowledge. There was a positive, very weak and significant relationship among students' individual innovativeness and level of robotic surgery nursing knowledge. Individual innovativeness mediated the relationship among artificial intelligence anxiety and level of robotic surgery nursing knowledge.ConclusionsIndividual innovativeness contributes to reducing the artificial intelligence anxiety to increase the robotic surgery knowledge levels of students.
Clonorchis sinensis Promotes Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Progression by Activating FASN‐Mediated Fatty Acid Metabolism
Authors: Ren Xiaoxue , Wu Yanqing , Song Tongtong , Yang Qingxia , Zhou Qianying , Lin Jie , Xu Lixia , Xiang Bangde , Chen Zebin , Zhang Ying 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundClonorchis sinensis infection is an important risk factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). C. sinensis positive (C.s+) ICC patients had much shorter overall survival (OS) compared with C. sinensis negative (C.s−) group. This study aims to explore the impact and underlying mechanism of C. sinensis infection on ICC progression.MethodsIn this study, ICC patients underwent surgery from two medical centers enrolled. RNA sequencing was used to determine the downstream activated pathways and genes. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential mechanism of C. sinensis infection in promoting ICC progression through in vitro co culture systems and two animal models.ResultsThrough RNA sequencing, we found fatty acid metabolism and the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme catalyzing long‐chain fatty acid synthesis, were significantly elevated in C.s+ ICCs. Then, we found excretory/secretory products (ESPs) secreted by C. sinensis could significantly upregulate the expression of transcription factor E2F1, thereby promoting FASN expression and fatty acid synthesis in tumor cells, which ultimately accelerating tumor progression. However, the promotive effect disappeared when FASN was knocked down. Meanwhile, ESPs could promote tumor growth, increasing FASN expression and free fatty acid level in both subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse models.ConclusionThis study indicates that C. sinensis infection could upregulate the level of FASN and activate fatty acid synthesis pathway, thereby accelerating ICC progression. This provides a new insight for the clinical treatment of ICC with C. sinensis infection.
Independent Trends of Mountain Vegetation and Soil Properties Over 40 Years of Environmental Change
Authors: Rumpf Sabine B. , Buri Aline , Grand Stéphanie , Randin Christophe F. , Tesson Sébastien , Cianfrani Carmen , Guisan Antoine 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTQuestionsAlthough mountain ecosystems are key in providing numerous contributions to people, they are affected by environmental changes. The European Alps, in particular, although shaped by human land use for millennia, suffer pronounced impacts of climate change combined with continued land‐use changes and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. As a core component of ecosystem functioning, the soil–vegetation interface is especially sensitive to these environmental changes, and it is therefore crucial to understand its response. Although several studies have demonstrated the impacts of environmental change on vegetation or soil individually, it remains largely unknown whether they respond synchronously.LocationMontane and subalpine grasslands of the Western Swiss Alps.MethodsWe analysed changes and correlations of ecological indicators of vegetation and soil properties after 40 years in 86 re‐surveyed semi‐permanent plots.ResultsEcological indicators of vegetation releves changed, driven by an increase of species adapted to alkaline conditions and mowing or grazing. By contrast, we detected neither a trend of thermophilisation, nor an increase of nutriphilous species or those adapted to hemeroby. Organic carbon, nitrogen, organic matter content, carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio and pH increased in the soil. Yet, these changes of vegetation and soil were so far independent of each other.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that mountain vegetation and soil have so far changed asymmetrically with potential knock‐on effects in the decades to come with implications for the conservation of mountain ecosystems and our capacity to predict their future trajectory.
FvPHR1 Improves the Quality of Woodland Strawberry Fruit by Up‐Regulating the Expression of FvPHT1;7 and FvSWEET9
Authors: Li Xue , Wang Yan , Zhang Chao , Lu Jie , Sun Hongying , Liu Shuang , Li Jiqi , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPhosphorus (P) is vital for plant growth, and continuous P fertiliser application is necessary to increase yield and quality, but it can cause environmental pollution. Plants maintain a steady phosphate (Pi) supply through complex signalling pathways. Phosphate starvation response 1 (PHR1), a key regulator of Pi starvation signals in plants, enables plants to maintain a sufficient Pi level. However, the role of PHR1 in fruit quality remains unclear. In this study, we determined the function of PHR1 in Fragaria vesca (FvPHR1) by overexpressing the FvPHR1 gene. We identified and validated two downstream genes of FvPHR1 by investigating plant phenotypes and analysing RNA‐Seq data. FvPHR1 directly enhanced the expression of phosphate transporter 1;7 (FvPHT1;7), increasing Pi uptake and improving photosynthesis efficiency. Additionally, FvPHR1 upregulated the expression of sugar will eventually be exported transporter 9 (FvSWEET9), which encodes a sugar transporter that facilitates sugar transport from leaves to fruit. FvPHR1 can enhance photosynthetic products in a source via the phosphate signalling pathway and facilitate sugar transport to a sink through FvSWEET9. FvPHR1 plays a complicated role in improving fruit quality, providing a molecular foundation for developing strawberry cultivars with highly efficient Pi utilisation processes and high sugar content.
Stand Diversity Does Not Mitigate Increased Herbivory on Climate‐Matched Oaks in an Assisted Migration Experiment
Authors: Felix Juri A. , Stevenson Philip C. , Barsoum Nadia , Koricheva Julia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAssisted migration is a tree‐planting method where tree species or populations are translocated with the aim of establishing more climate‐resilient forests. However, this might potentially increase the susceptibility of translocated trees to herbivory. Stand diversification through planting trees in species or genotypic mixtures may reduce the amount of damage by insect pests, but its effectiveness in mitigation of excess herbivory on climate‐matched trees has seldom been explored. Using the Climate Match Experiment which manipulates both tree climatic provenance and stand diversity, we compared growth, insect herbivory and leaf traits of pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur) of local and Italian provenances in monocultures, provenance mixtures or species mixtures. Additionally, we investigated whether tree apparency and light availability cause variation in leaf traits and herbivory and tested whether these factors were influenced by stand diversity. We found that Italian oaks were subject to greater herbivore damage than those of local English provenance regardless of stand diversity and that insect herbivory in Italian oaks was higher on more apparent trees. Italian oaks also had lower concentrations of hydrolysable tannins than English oaks, but tannin concentrations were poor predictors of herbivory. Additionally, we show that leaf trait variation is strongly associated with differences in light availability.
Life‐history trade‐offs and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster populations adapted to pathogenic bacterial infection
Authors: Singh Aparajita , Basu Aabeer , Hegde Tejashwini , Shit Biswajit , Bansal Nitin , Chauhan Ankita , Prasad Nagaraj Guru 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEvolution of increased immune defence is often limited by costs: correlated changes in other traits (viz. life‐history traits) that otherwise reduce the fitness of the host organisms. Experimental evolution studies are useful for understanding the evolution of immune function and correlated changes in other traits. We experimentally evolved replicate Drosophila melanogaster populations to better survive infection challenges with an entomopathogenic bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis. Within 35 generations of directional selection, selected populations showed a marked increase in post‐infection survival than ancestrally paired controls. We next measured various life‐history traits of these populations. Our results show that the selected populations do not differ from control populations for larval development time and body weight at eclosion. No difference is also observed in case of fecundity and longevity (following the acute phase of infection), either when the flies were subjected to infection or when the flies were uninfected, although infected flies from all populations die much earlier than uninfected flies. Selected populations are either equally good or occasionally better as the control populations at surviving abiotic stressors (starvation and desiccation), although infected flies from all populations are more susceptible to stress than uninfected flies. Therefore, we conclude that (a) D. melanogaster populations can rapidly evolve to be more immune to infection with E. faecalis, (b) the evolution of increased defence against E. faecalis entails no life‐history cost for the hosts and (c) evolving defence against a biotic threat (pathogen) does not make flies more susceptible to abiotic stressors.
Role of syringic acid in enhancing growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense in lettuce exposed to arsenic stress
Authors: Balci Melike , Arikan‐Abdulveli Busra , Yildiztugay Evren , Ozfidan‐Konakci Ceyda 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHeavy metal pollution, especially arsenic toxicity, significantly impairs plant growth and development. Phenolic acids, known for their antioxidant properties and involvement in stress signaling, are gaining increased attention as plant secondary metabolites with the potential to enhance plant resistance to these stressors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of syringic acid (SA1, 10 μM; SA2, 250 μM; SA3, 500 μM) on growth, photosynthetic parameters, and antioxidant activity in lettuce seedlings subjected to arsenic stress (As, 100 μM). Arsenic stress reduced growth by 56.7%, water content by 7.39%, and osmotic potential by 26.2% in lettuce leaves compared to control. Conversely, SA1 and SA2 treatments mitigated the adverse effects of arsenic on growth and preserved the water balance in plants. However, the SA3 treatment led to a decrease in growth by 18.9% and 39.5% in the SA3 and As+SA3 groups, respectively, indicating that high‐dose SA treatment adversely affected lettuce leaves under both control and stress conditions. Exogenous SA1 treatment significantly improved photosynthesis, whereas SA2 provided milder benefits and SA3 did not reduce the adverse effects of arsenic exposure. Arsenic stress increased H2O2 content by 47.3% and lipid peroxidation by 33.4% in lettuce seedlings. SA1 treatment effectively reduced oxidative stress by enhancing the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX). Moreover, SA1 was successful in maintaining the glutathione (GSH) pool, whereas SA2 primarily promoted ascorbate (AsA) regeneration. In conclusion, 10 μM of syringic acid (SA1) was identified as the optimal dose for reducing arsenic stress in lettuce by enhancing antioxidant activity and supporting growth. Overall, the findings underscore the potential of SA1 treatment in enhancing the resilience of lettuce to heavy metal toxicity.