bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Exercise Programs on Symptoms, Sleep, and Quality of Life in Patients with Primary Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Çoban Özge , Ün Yıldırım Necmiye , Yaşa Mustafa Ertuğrul , Sonkaya Ali Rıza 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder that can have a significant detrimental impact on the quality of life and sleep.ObjectivesOur aim was to examine the effects of aerobic exercise and stretching exercise programs on symptom severity, sleep, and quality of life in patients with primary RLS.MethodsA total of 18 patients between the ages of 22 and 61 were randomly divided into 3 groups as aerobic exercise, stretching exercises, and control. All exercise programs were applied 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Evaluations were performed before and after treatment. Symptom severity of the patients was evaluated by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale, sleep was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and actigraphy, and quality of life was evaluated with the John Hopkins Restless Legs Syndrome Quality of Life Questionnaire. Recovery status of the patients was determined using the post treatment global change scale.ResultsAerobic exercise and the stretching exercise program were found to be effective in decreasing RLS symptoms (P = 0.025, P = 0.034) and improving subjective sleep quality (P = 0.034, P = 0.025), overall sleep quality (P < 0.001, P = 0.034), and quality of life (P = 0.009, P = 0016). Aerobic exercises were found to be more effective in reducing wake after sleep onset of sleep (P = 0.048), whereas stretching exercises reduced sleep disorders (P = 0.025).ConclusionBoth exercise approaches have been identified as highly effective approaches in patients with RLS. The treatment can be planned according to the choice of the available facilities, patient and clinician preference, and the advantages of the 2 exercise approaches.
Natural‐Language Processing (NLP) based feature extraction technique in Deep‐Learning model to predict the Blood‐Brain‐Barrier permeability of molecules
Authors: Singh Ravi , Ghosh Powsali , Ganeshpurkar Ankit , Anand Asha , Swetha Rayala , Singh Ravi Bhushan , Kumar Dileep , Singh Sushil Kumar , Kumar Ashok 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBlood‐Brain‐Barrier (BBB) permeability is one of the critical factors in the success and failure of CNS drug development. The most accurate method of measuring BBB permeability involves clinical experiments, which are labour‐intensive and time‐consuming. Thus, numerous efforts were made to use artificial intelligence (AI) to predict molecules′ BBB permeability. Most of the previous models are based on calculated descriptors and molecular fingerprints. In the present work, we have developed an NLP‐based feature extraction technique in Deep‐Learning models to predict BBB permeability. We have used the B3DB database and generated SELFIES to extract features from the molecules. We have employed word level and N‐gram tokenization to represent words into numeric vectors. The extracted features were fed into several Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Bi‐directional Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) models. The model, ANN‐10 built using ANN and 6‐gram tokenization, performed best on the independent test set. The accuracy, precision, recall, F1, specificity and AUC of ROC scores were found to be 0.89, 0.91, 0.91, 0.91, 0.85 and 0.90. Thus, the developed model can be used for the early screening of CNS drugs.
A constitutive model for structured soils under saturated and unsaturated conditions
Authors: Mu Qing‐Yi , Dai Bao‐Lin , Zhou Chao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany constitutive models for unsaturated soils have been reported in the literature, but only a few of them attempted to incorporate the influence of soil structure, which is a combination of fabric and bonding. Some important aspects of unsaturated soil behaviour, such as the effects of soil structure on the loading collapse (LC) curve, cannot be well captured by the existing models. This study developed a new elastoplastic model for isotropic structured soils under saturated and unsaturated conditions. In particular, several new equations were proposed to model (i) the influence of soil structure on the LC curve; (ii) the evolution of the LC curve during structure degradation. Therefore, the initial soil structure and its evolution under hydro‐mechanical loads can be properly simulated. To validate this new model, it was applied to simulate the behaviour of structured and unsaturated soils along different suction and stress paths, including constant‐stress wetting, constant‐suction isotropic compression, one‐dimensional (1D) compression and triaxial shearing. The measured and computed results are well matched, demonstrating the good capability of the proposed model.
Ketamine uropathy: Clinical experience in a high prevalence center
Authors: Sturgess George , Beckley Ian , Shepherd Robin , Downey Alison 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesKetamine uropathy causes inflammatory changes to the urothelium, manifesting as significant lower urinary tract symptoms, small bladder capacity, and pelvic pain. Upper tract involvement and hydronephrosis can occur. Data from UK centers are limited, and no formal treatment guidelines exist.Patients and MethodsAll patients with ketamine uropathy presenting to our unit over an 11‐year period were identified through operative and clinic lists, emergency presentations, and a prospectively collected local database. Demographic data, biochemical findings, imaging techniques, and both medical and surgical management were recorded.ResultsA total of 81 patients with ketamine uropathy were identified from 2011 to 2022; however, a large proportion presented from 2018 onwards. The average age at presentation was 26 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 27–34), 72.8% were male, and average follow‐up time was 34 months (IQR: 8–46). Therapeutic interventions included anticholinergic medication, cystodistension, and intravesical sodium hyaluronate. Hydronephrosis was present in 20 (24.7%) patients and nephrostomy insertion was required in six. One patient underwent bladder augmentation surgery. Serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase and length of follow‐up were significantly higher in patients with hydronephrosis. Adherence to follow‐up was poor.ConclusionsWe present a large cohort of patients with ketamine uropathy from a small town in the UK which is unusual. The incidence appears to be rising, in‐keeping with increasing recreational ketamine use and should be of concern to urologists. Abstinence is a key aspect of management, and a multi‐disciplinary approach works best particularly as many patients are lost to follow‐up. The development of formal guidance would be helpful.
Examining paradoxical session attendance and weight loss relationships in a clinic based lifestyle modification intervention
Authors: Azar Kristen M. J. , Sudat Sylvia , Huang Qiwen , Pressman Alice P. , Szwerinski Nina K. , Nasrallah Catherine , Venditti Elizabeth M. , Romanelli Robert J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveEvaluations of lifestyle modification interventions (LMIs), modeled after the Diabetes Prevention Program, have repeatedly shown a dose‐response relationship between session attendance and weight loss. Despite this, not all participants had “average” weight loss experiences. Nearly one‐third of LMI participants experienced unexpected, paradoxical outcomes (i.e., high attendance with little weight loss, and low attendance with clinically significant weight loss). Paradoxical weight‐loss outcomes were characterized based on session attendance among participants in a group‐based LMI in a real‐world healthcare setting. This group‐based LMI was delivered over 1 year to participants with the possibility of attending up to 25 sessions total.MethodsLMI participants identified in 2010–2017 from electronic health records were characterized as having low (<75%) or high (≥75%) session attendance. Weight‐loss outcomes were defined as expected (≥5%, high‐attendance; <5%, low‐attendance) or paradoxical (≥5%, low‐attendance; <5%, high‐attendance). Paradoxical‐outcome‐associated characteristics were identified using logistic regression.ResultsAmong 1813 LMI participants, 1498 (82.6%) had low and 315 (17.4%) high session attendance; 555 (30.6%) had paradoxical outcomes, comprising 415 (74.8%) responders (≥5% weight‐loss) and 140 (25.2%) non‐responders (<5% weight‐loss). Among participants with high session attendance, paradoxical non‐responders were more likely to be female (odds ratio [OR]: 2.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32, 5.77) and have type 2 diabetes (OR: 3.32; 95% CI: 1.01, 10.95). Among low‐attendance participants, paradoxical responders were more likely to be non‐Hispanic White and less likely to be non‐Hispanic Black (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.69), non‐Hispanic Asian (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.73), or Hispanic (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.80).ConclusionsIn a healthcare setting, nearly one‐third of LMI participants experienced paradoxical outcomes. More research is needed to understand the facilitators and barriers to weight loss above and beyond session attendance.
Asthma medication use and health care utilization evolution during pandemic times
Authors: Ulrich Lisa , Yell Joshua , Holtzlander Melissa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPediatric asthma care was significantly impacted by the Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, with significant decline in asthma health care utilization noted early in the pandemic. We compared Emergency Department (ED) utilization rates and prescription fill rates of controller and quick relief asthma medications between March and December 2020 versus 2021 in a county‐specific pediatric Medicaid population to evaluate for changes later in the pandemic. Our data showed an increase in ED utilization by 46.7% (p‐.0371) in the second year of the pandemic. There was no significant change in prescription fills for reliever medications (p‐.1309) during this time with increased ED utilization for asthma but there was a significant decline in controller medication fills (p‐.0039). This data suggests a potential explanation for resurgence of asthma health care utilization because of decreased controller medication fill and use during a time frame that also saw increased viral positivity rates. The poor medication adherence rates despite this increase in ED visits suggests that new interventions may be needed to assist patients with asthma medication adherence.
Pulmonary cystic echinococcosis in a child
Authors: Peulier‐Maitre Elora , Hervieux Erik , Bigot Jeanne , Sileo Chiara , Denamur Sophie , Corvol Harriet 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis case report describes the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of a 13‐year‐old boy with pulmonary cystic echinococcosis. The patient presented with low‐volume hemoptysis, and lung imaging revealed a large cystic mass, as well as smaller pseudo‐nodular lesions, suggesting a large intrathoracic hydatid cyst and ruptured cysts. The diagnosis was confirmed by a positive echinococcosis Western Blot assay, despite equivocal serology. The treatment consisted of surgical removal of the large cyst using thoracoscopy, along with a two‐week course of albendazole and praziquantel, followed by albendazole alone for two years. Analysis of the cyst membrane revealed an Echinococcus granulosus protoscolex. The patient had a successful recovery.
Enhancement of explosive effect of thermobaric explosive by metal reactive material
Authors: Jiao Xiaolong , Xu Yuxin , Zhou Tong , Li Xudong , Wu Zongya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReactive materials have mechanical properties comparable to metal materials and also have the reaction‐release energy characteristics of energetic materials. The calorific value of reactive materials is even higher than that of explosives. They can react under high pressure/high temperature and release a large amount of chemical energy. Therefore, reactive materials have a wide range of potential applications in aviation and national defense fields. This study examines the energy release characteristics of the metal reactive material casing (MRMC) under thermobaric explosives and compares them to traditional steel casing. The test specimens had the same casing‐charge mass ratio and size, with the only difference being the casing material: reactive material (with reactive elements Zr and Al) and AISI 1020 steel. The physical and chemical properties of the reactive materials were tested and analyzed using ICP‐MS, oxygen bomb calorimeter, and SHPB. Through explosion tests, the characteristic parameters of explosion fireball and ground shock wave overpressure were measured. And the reactive fragments recovered from the experiment were subjected to XRD testing. The results show that MRMC can significantly increase the diameter, duration, and temperature of the explosion fireball compared to steel casing data. The maximum fireball diameter of the MRMC specimen increased by 31.9 %, while the duration before attenuation increased by 47.3 %. MRMC can increase the area ratio of high‐temperature areas (greater than 1300 °C) in the fireball. MRMC increases the overall temperature of the fireball, not just in specific local areas. Additionally, MRMC significantly enhances far‐field shock waves. At a scaled distance of 2.54, the peak overpressure and positive impulse of the MRMC specimen were 50 % and 52 % higher than those of the steel specimen, respectively. This study provides new insights into the application, design, and energy release research of MRMC.
Structural and functional validation of a cloned parasporin from Bacillus thuringiensis isolate KAU 41 native to Western Ghats of India
Authors: Girija Devaki , Deepa Kizhakkeettil , Chubicka Thomas , Shidhi P. R. , Hussan Safna , Raghavamenon Achuthan Chathrattil , Babu Thekkekara Devassy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractParasporins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) exhibit specific toxicity to cancer cells. PCR based mining has identified apoptosis inducing parasporin in KAU41 Bt isolate from the Western Ghats of India. The study aimed to clone and overexpress the parasporin of native KAU41 Bt isolate for determining structural and functional characteristics of the protein. Parasporin gene was cloned in pGEM‐T, sequenced, sub‐cloned in pET30+ and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed protein was characterized by SDS‐PAGE and in silico methods. Cytotoxicity of cleaved peptide was assessed by MTT assay. SDS‐PAGE displayed a 31 kDa protein (rp‐KAU41) overexpressed. Upon proteinase K digestion, the protein was cleaved into 29 kDa peptide which was found to be cytotoxic to HeLa cells. The protein has a deduced sequence of 267 amino acids with β‐strands folding pattern of crystal protein. Even though rp‐KAU41 shared a 99.15% identity to chain‐A of non‐toxic crystal protein, it only showed a less similarity to the existing parasporins like PS4 (38%) and PS5 (24%) in UPGMA analysis, emphasizing the novelty of rp‐KAU41. The protein is predicted to have more similarity to the pore forming toxins of Aerolysin superfamily and an additional loop in rp‐KAU41 may be contributing towards its cytotoxicity. The molecular docking with caspase 3 resulted in higher Z dock and Z rank score substantiating its role in the activation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The recombinant parasporin protein, rp‐KAU41 is presumed to belong to the Aerolysin superfamily. An interaction with caspase 3 substantiates its role in activating the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in cancer cells.
Chelerythrine chloride inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer by targeting cancer‐associated fibroblasts through intervention with WNT10B/β‐catenin and TGFβ2/Smad2/3 axis
Authors: Liang Dan , Liu Lu , Zheng Qiao , Zhao Maoyuan , Zhang Gang , Tang Shiyun , Tang Jianyuan , Chen Nianzhi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChelerythrine chloride (CHE) is a benzodiazepine alkaloid derived from natural herbs with significant anti‐tumor and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, the exact role and underlying mechanisms of CHE in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the influence of CHE on the progression of CRC. Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay (CCK‐8), transwell, apoptosis rate, cell cycle distribution, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and colony formation determined the anti‐proliferative activity of CHE in CRC cell lines. Transcriptome sequencing and western blot were used to explore the mechanism. Finally, H&E staining, Ki67, TUNEL, and immunofluorescence were conducted to verify the anti‐CRC activity and potential mechanisms of CHE in vivo. CHE had a prominent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of CRC cells. CHE induces G1 and S phase arrest and induces cell apoptosis by ROS accumulation. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in CRC metastasis. Then, this study found that CHE regulates WNT10B/β‐catenin and TGFβ2/Smad2/3 axis, thereby decreasing the expression of α‐SMA, which is a maker of CAFs. Taken together, CHE is a candidate drug and a potent compound for metastatic CRC, which can intervene CAFs in a dual pathway to effectively inhibit the invasion and migration of cancer cells, which can provide a new choice for future clinical treatment.
Fast Wide‐Field Quantum Sensor Based on Solid‐State Spins Integrated with a SPAD Array
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Madonini Francesca , Li Boning , Li Changhao , Xiang Jinggang , Villa Federica , Cappellaro Paola 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAchieving fast, sensitive, and parallel measurement of a large number of quantum particles is an essential task in building large‐scale quantum platforms for different quantum information processing applications such as sensing, computation, simulation, and communication. Current quantum platforms in experimental atomic and optical physics based on CMOS sensors and charged coupled device cameras are limited by either low sensitivity or slow operational speed. Here an array of single‐photon avalanche diodes is integrated with solid‐state spin defects in diamond to build a fast wide‐field quantum sensor, achieving a frame rate up to 100 kHz. The design of the experimental setup to perform spatially resolved imaging of quantum systems is presented. A few exemplary applications, including sensing DC and AC magnetic fields, temperature, strain, local spin density, and charge dynamics, are experimentally demonstrated using a nitrogen‐vacancy ensemble diamond sample. The developed photon detection array is broadly applicable to other platforms such as atom arrays trapped in optical tweezers, optical lattices, donors in silicon, and rare earth ions in solids.
Sliding mode boundary control for exponential stabilization of linear parabolic distributed parameter systems subject to external disturbance
Authors: Bao Chunxia , Cui Baotong , Lou Xuyang , Wu Wei , Jia Jiajia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, we are concerned with the exponential stabilization of parabolic distributed parameter systems with Neumann/mixed boundary conditions and external disturbance. To deal with the bounded disturbance, a sliding mode boundary control scheme is adopted based on the backstepping method. Firstly, the exponential stability of the considered system is proven along the selected sliding surface. Secondly, a sliding mode boundary controller is designed to regulate the closed‐loop system trajectory to a suitable sliding surface within a prescribed time and then maintain the sliding motion on the surface. Thirdly, on the chosen sliding surface, the closed‐loop system with the sliding mode boundary controller is exponentially stable. Finally, some numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Periodically intermittent control for stochastic nonlinear delay systems with dynamic event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Liu Xiongding , Deng Feiqi , Wei Wu , Wan Fangzhe , Yu Peilin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, the mean‐square exponential stability of the stochastic nonlinear delay systems with dynamic event‐triggered mechanism under periodically intermittent control scheme is concerned. First, to avoid Zeno behavior, the triggered mechanism contains with a fixed positive lower bound for the inter‐execution time is constructed. Then, an auxiliary system with dynamic event‐triggering mechanism under continuous control is introduced. Combining the Lyapunov theorem with Halanay inequality, the sufficient conditions and the mean‐square exponential stability of the auxiliary system are obtained. In addition, by using the comparison theorem, the exponential stability of the system under intermittent control is also proved. Meanwhile, the lower bound of the duty cycle for a fixed period under intermittent controller is obtained. Furthermore, we apply the theoretical results to the consensus of stochastic nonlinear delay networked multi‐agent systems (MASs) with dynamic event‐triggered mechanism. Finally, numerical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Administrators' capacity for supporting reform‐oriented science instruction: An urban school district case study
Authors: Ferrell Venicia , Garner Joanna K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSecondary school administrators play a vital role as instructional leaders, but little is known about their knowledge of science practices and perceptions of strategies for supporting reform‐oriented science instruction. This multiphase, mixed‐methods Q‐Methodology study explored administrators' perceptions of instructional leadership and, in particular, high‐quality science instruction. After a concourse of 40 items was developed through a review of literature and an expert panel,n = 22administrators from one urban school district completed a Q‐sort and a post‐sort questionnaire in which they commented on a lesson excerpt. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation was used to assimilate the participants into three factors or groups explaining 40% of the variance. A subsample (n = 14) of administrators then participated in focus groups to engage in collective sensemaking. Although administrators consistently valued positive teacher‐student relationships and had high expectations for all students over other managerial duties, perceptions of how to support teachers and their ability to detect evidence‐based science pedagogy (NGSS), differed. Administrators with a science background or more experience as an administrator were more familiar with some of the evidence‐based instructional strategies for science included in the sample lesson. Administrators without such a background tended to emphasize general pedagogical techniques. We discuss implications for the development of school leaders with varying disciplinary backgrounds as one component of building districts' capacity for high‐quality science instruction.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Five‐ and Six‐Membered Benzo O‐heterocycles
Authors: Yang Lu , Liang Xiayu , Ding Yuyang , Li Xinran , Li Xuefeng , Zeng Qingle 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnantiomerically enriched five‐ and six‐membered benzo oxygen heterocycles are privileged architectures in functional organic molecules. Over the last several years, many effective methods have been established to access these compounds. However, comprehensive documents cover updated methodologies still in highly demand. In this review, recent transition metal catalyzed transformations lead to chiral five‐ and six‐membered benzo oxygen heterocycles are presented. The mechanism and chirality transfer or control processes are also discussed in details.