bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near‐continuous monitoring of a coastal salt marsh margin: Implications for predicting marsh edge erosion
Authors: Cadigan Jack A. , Jafari Navid H. , Wang Nan , Chen Qin , Zhu Ling , Harris Brian D. , Ding Yan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMechanisms that control marsh edge erosion include wind‐generated waves, vegetation productivity, land use and land change, and geotechnical properties of sediments. However, existing models for predicting marsh edge evolution focus primarily on edge retreat rates as a function of wave energy while accounting for other controlling factors as empirical constants. This simplification arises from a lack of high‐frequency monitoring of marsh evolutions. In particular, marsh erosion is timescale dependent, and conducting field observations on short temporal and spatial scales could elucidate the progression of erosion, which may improve marsh erosion predictive models. This study developed and validated a near‐continuous camera and erosion pin monitoring system to document marsh edge erosion at a high frequency (i.e., daily) in Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana. This was supplemented with daily wave power to explore the relationships between daily erosion and wave power. Long‐term average erosion rates derived from satellite and aerial imagery from 1989 through 2019 compare similarly to rates derived from longer‐term site visits (i.e., monthly) at approximately 2.2 m/yr. High‐magnitude erosion events (>20 cm/day) are driven by a buildup in wave energy over a 7‐day time period coupled with a strong 1‐day wave event, indicating a gradual reduction in marsh edge resistance with continued wave attack. Long‐term erosion monitoring methods, including monthly field visits, provide results that align well with previously reported relationships between wave power and erosion. High‐frequency measurements, however, illustrate that the previously published trends smooth over the large‐magnitude short‐term erosion events, potentially obscuring the physical processes of marsh edge erosion. For example, satellite and aerial imagery provide a long period of record, but they may underestimate the average annual erosion rate in the region, the effect of which may become exasperated over the varying temporal scales considered in coastal planning efforts across the USA and worldwide.
Worse than you think: Public debt forecast errors in advanced and developing economies
Authors: Estefania‐Flores Julia , Furceri Davide , Kothari Siddharth , Ostry Jonathan D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe compile a unique dataset of medium‐term public debt forecasts for an unbalanced panel of 174 countries, based on International Monetary Fund (IMF) (for the period 1995–2020) and Economist Intelligence Unit (2007–2020) projections. We find that, on average, (i) there is a positive forecast error (FE) in the debt‐to‐gross domestic product (GDP) projections—that is, realized debt ratios are larger than forecasts; (ii) the FE increases with the projection horizon and is statistically significant and large—about 10% of GDP at the 5‐year horizon; (iii) the magnitude is similar between advanced economies (AEs) and emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) and in EMDEs is present irrespective of recessions while for AEs is associated with surprise recessions in the forecast horizon; (iv) FEs are not statistically different between IMF program and non‐program cases; and (v) positive FEs are only partly attributable to optimism about growth or the fiscal balance. Looking at the correlates of FEs, we find that FEs are larger during periods of recession, elections, fiscal stress, and high uncertainty and in countries with more economic volatility and public debt.
Correcting for productivity growth misspecification: A local likelihood estimation in global banking
Authors: Mamatzakis Emmanuel , Tsionas Mike 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDecomposing firm productivity has been challenging for some time. We propose a flexible functional form for total factor productivity that treats misspecification and endogeneity. The model also treats heteroscedasticity. Our productivity measure nests both the input distance function and output distance function. We provide details of a novel Local Likelihood estimation, a non‐parametric technique, to estimate productivity which also has excellent finite‐sample properties. In an empirical application, we measure bank productivity at the global level. Results show that productivity is correctly identified, and the flexibility of our methodology allows to estimate the impact of equity and nonperforming loans on bank productivity. Technology has positively contributed to productivity. However, nonperforming loans, bank risk‐taking and raising capital have had the opposite effect.
Gene Therapy to Treat Osteopenia Associated With Chronic Ethanol Consumption and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Deficiency
Authors: Camilleri Anna E , Cung Michelle , Hart Fiona M , Pagovich Odelya E , Crystal Ronald G , Greenblatt Matthew B , Stiles Katie M 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTAldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) deficiency affects 35% to 45% of East Asians and 8% of the world population. ALDH2 is the second enzyme in the ethanol metabolism pathway. The common genetic variant ALDH2*2 allele has a glutamic acid‐to‐lysine substitution at position 487 (E487K) that reduces the enzyme activity, resulting in an accumulation of acetaldehyde after ethanol consumption. The ALDH2*2 allele is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis and hip fracture. Our prior study showed that administration of an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) serotype rh.10 gene transfer vector expressing the human ALDH2 cDNA (AAVrh.10hALDH2) before initiation of ethanol consumption prevented bone loss in ALDH2‐deficient homozygous knockin mice carrying the E487K mutation (Aldh2E487K+/+). We hypothesized that AAVrh.10hALDH2 administration after establishment of osteopenia would be able to reverse bone loss due to ALDH2 deficiency and chronic ethanol consumption. To test this hypothesis, male and female Aldh2E487K+/+ mice (n = 6) were given ethanol in the drinking water for 6 weeks to establish osteopenia and then administered AAVrh.10hALDH2 (1011 genome copies). Mice were evaluated for an additional 12 weeks. AAVrh.10hALDH2 administration after osteopenia was established corrected weight loss and locomotion phenotypes and, importantly, increased midshaft femur cortical bone thickness, the most important component of bone in the resistance to fractures, and showed a trend toward increased trabecular bone volume. AAVrh.10hALDH2 is a promising therapeutic for osteoporosis in ALDH2‐deficient individuals. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Extreme precipitation records in Antarctica
Authors: González‐Herrero Sergi , Vasallo Francisco , Bech Joan , Gorodetskaya Irina , Elvira Benito , Justel Ana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMonitoring extreme precipitation records (EPRs), that is, the most extreme precipitation events, is a challenge in Antarctica due to the reduced number of stations available in the continent and the limitations of the instrumentation for measuring solid precipitation. Still, extreme precipitation events may contribute substantially to the variability of ice sheet snow accumulation and even may cause important ecological impacts. This article presents the Antarctic EPRs at different temporal scales, studying the relationship between precipitation amount and temporal duration through a power scaling law, ranging from 1 day to 2 years. This is achieved using precipitation datasets from the ERA5 reanalysis and the RACMO2 regional climate model. Moreover, we present a selection of EPRs case studies examining the synoptic mechanisms that produce such events in Antarctica. Despite ERA5 EPRs are usually lower than those found in RACMO2, they present similar scaling exponents. EPRs are found in Loubet and south Graham Coasts, in the central section of the Antarctic Peninsula, and in the north of Alexander Island, where orographic enhancement increases precipitation amounts. As expected, Antarctic EPRs are much lower than world‐wide EPRs, ranging from 6 to 10% at short temporal scales (from 1 to 10 days) and from 10 to 20% at long temporal scales (from 90 days to 2 years) in ERA5. Regional variability of extreme precipitation scaling exponents show similar spatial patterns than previously calculated precipitation concentration. On the other hand, the lack of summer events in Antarctic EPRs evidences that stronger fluxes in winter play a key role on extreme precipitation during EPR events, which are mainly produced by long‐range transport of moisture by atmospheric rivers impinging on Antarctic mountains.
Feasibility of aluminum phantom radiography for osteoporosis detection in postmenopausal women with a fragility fracture of the distal radius compared to DXA and HR‐pQCT
Authors: Nia Arastoo , Jeremic Natasa , Popp Domenik , Schmoelz Lukas , Patsch Janina , Döring Kevin , Weber Michael , Synek Alexander , Pahr Dieter H. , Aldrian Silke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecently, promising results have been reported for detection of osteoporosis with use of an aluminum phantom. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of radiography‐based bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using a graded aluminum phantom. This study included 27 postmenopausal women with a distal radius fracture. Aluminum phantom radiography of the healthy radius was conducted as well as high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR‐pQCT) measurement of the ultradistal radius and dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the radius, spine, and hip. A strong correlation was observed between aluminum phantom radiography‐based mean gray value (mGV) and DXA‐derived BMD, especially for the ultradistal radius (ρ = 0.75; p < 0.001). A moderate correlation for the femoral neck (ρ = 0.61 and p < 0.001) between modalities was found. Radius mGV and HR‐pQCT‐derived BMD only showed a moderate correlation (ρ = 0.48; p < 0.09). Aluminum phantom radiography might serve as a cost efficient, highly available, low‐radiation dose screening, and diagnostic method for osteoporosis additively to DXA measurements. Especially, an application in areas with constrained DXA availability and such as preoperative trauma settings would be beneficial. However, further investigation and assessment of specificity and sensitivity is needed.
Effects of particle size on quality characteristics of stone‐milled whole wheat flour
Authors: Cai Mengdi , Shen Chunxia , Li Yuhui , Xiong Shuangli , Li Feng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhole wheat flour (WWF) prepared by the direct crushing method preserves all the components of the whole wheat grain. WWF with different particle sizes (180, 150, 125, 106, and 96 μm) was obtained by combining stone milling and particle size sieving technology. The effects of particle size on the proximate composition, farinograph, pasting, thermal, and functional properties, starch microstructure, and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of stone‐milled WWF were investigated.ResultsThe smaller the particle size of WWF, the higher the damaged starch content. The water absorption, degree of softening, pasting temperature, solubility, and syneresis of WWF increased steadily as the particle size decreased, whereas the peak viscosity, final viscosity, swelling power, water holding capacity, and enthalpy of gelatinization decreased. The scanning electron microscope micrographs revealed that the larger the particle size of WWF, the denser the distribution of starch granules. The β‐sheet and β‐turn contents of WWF with particle size 180 μm were the highest, reaching up to 33.85% and 39.79%, respectively.ConclusionThe particle size exerted influence on the quality characteristics of stone‐milled WWF, and the overall properties of WWF were better at medium particle size. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sphincter Pharyngoplasty for Velopharyngeal Dysfunction: Impact of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Pattisapu Prasanth , Kinter Sara , Bly Randall A. , Dahl John P. , Perkins Jonathan A. , Wang Xing , Sie Kathleen C. Y. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivePatients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DelS) often present with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). VPD in patients with 22q11DelS is multifactorial beyond velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) alone, and differences in surgical outcomes are poorly understood. Our objective was to determine whether patients with 22q11DelS have an increased risk for persistent VPI after sphincter pharyngoplasty compared to patients without 22q11DelS.MethodsWe completed a retrospective cohort study of patients with 22q11DelS undergoing sphincter pharyngoplasty between 1995 and 2019 using a VPD clinic database. Patients with 22q11DelS were compared to a cohort of 2:1 frequency‐matched (age, degree of velopharyngeal closure) patients without 22q11DelS. Variables included patient characteristics, surgical history, perceptual speech evaluation, and degree of closure on nasopharyngoscopic evaluations. Primary outcomes included postoperative VPI severity and hypernasality. Speech and nasopharyngoscopic characteristics were compared using Fisher's exact test. Postoperative VPI severity and hypernasality were compared between groups via relative risks (RR) from mixed effects Poisson regression models, with random effects of age and velopharyngeal closure.Results134 patients (51 22q11DelS, 83 matched) were included, with mean age of 7.3 years (standard deviation 3.0) and 50% male. Cohorts had similar preoperative speech characteristics and nasopharyngoscopic findings. Patients with 22q11DelS had similar postoperative VP function as patients without 22q11DelS (RR 0.85, CI 0.46–1.57 for VPI severity, RR 0.83, CI 0.45–1.53 for hypernasality). Even after adjusting by preoperative variables, no differences were seen between both groups.ConclusionMatched for age and pre‐operative velopharyngeal closure, patients with and without 22q11DelS and VPI had similar benefits after sphincter pharyngoplasty.Level of EvidenceNon‐randomized controlled cohort study, 3 Laryngoscope, 133:2813–2820, 2023
Self‐Referencing 3D Characterization of Ultrafast Optical‐Vortex Beams Using Tilted Interference TERMITES Technique
Authors: Pan Jinyu , Chen Yifei , Huang Zhiyuan , Zhang Cheng , Chen Tiandao , Liu Donghan , Wang Ding , Pang Meng , Leng Yuxin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFemtosecond light pulses carrying optical angular momentums (OAMs), possessing intriguing properties of helical phase fronts and ultrafast temporal profiles, enable many applications in nonlinear optics, strong‐field physics, and laser micromachining. While generation of OAM‐carrying ultrafast pulses and their interactions with matters are intensively studied in experiments, 3D characterization of ultrafast OAM‐carrying light beams in spatiotemporal domain has, however, proved difficult to achieve. Conventional measurement schemes rely on the use of a reference pulsed light beam, which needs to be well characterized in its phase front and to have sufficient overlap and coherence with the beam under test, largely limiting practical applications of these schemes. Here a self‐referencing set‐up is demonstrated based on a tilted interferometer that can be used to measure complete spatiotemporal information of OAM‐carrying femtosecond pulses with different topological charges. Through scanning one interferometer arm, the spectral phase over the pulse spatial profile can be obtained using the tilted interference signal, and the temporal envelope of the light field at one particular position around its phase singularity can be retrieved simultaneously, enabling 3D beam reconstruction. This self‐referencing technique, capable of measuring spatiotemporal ultrafast optical‐vortex beams, may find many applications in fields of nonlinear optics and light–matter interactions.
Caterpillar traps: A highly flexible, distributed system of toroidal cable traps
Authors: Karasan Ekin , Hammerschmidt Alison , Arias Ana C. , Taracila Victor , Robb Fraser , Lustig Michael 
Published: January 2023

PurposeCoil arrays are connected to the main MRI system with long, shielded coaxial cables. RF coupling of these cables to the main transmit coil can cause high shield currents, which pose risks of heating and RF burns. High‐blocking resonant RF traps are placed at distinct positions along cables to mitigate these currents. Traditional traps are designed to be stiff to avoid changes in their resonant frequency, hindering the overall system flexibility. Instead of using a few high‐blocking traps, we propose the use of caterpillar traps—a distributed system of small, elastic traps that cover the full length of cables.MethodsWe leverage an array of resonant toroids as traps, forming a caterpillar‐like structure whereby bending only impacts individual traps minimally. Benchtop measurements are used to determine the blocking of caterpillar traps and show their robustness to bending. We also compare an anterior array system cable covered with caterpillar traps to a commercial cable with B1+ and heating measurements.ResultsBenchtop experiments with caterpillar traps demonstrate high robustness to bending. B1+ mapping experiments of an anterior array cable show improved blocking and flexibility compared to a commercial cable.ConclusionCaterpillar traps provide sufficient attenuation to shield currents while allowing cable flexibility. Our distributed design can provide high blocking efficiency at different positions and orientations, even in cases where commercial cable traps cannot.
The effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on nurses' anxiety and depression: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Hui , Kong Luya , Sun Qian , Ma Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis meta‐analysis aimed to determine the effect of mindfulness interventions on nurses' levels of depression and anxiety.DesignMeta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials.MethodsThe following Chinese and English databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI). The retrieval period was from database construction to 30 March 2022. Two researchers screened the relevant literature and extracted the data. After a cross‐check, data were input into Stata version 16.0 for meta‐analysis.ResultsTwelve randomised controlled trials from 2017 to 2021 were included, which involved 807 subjects (405 and 402 in the intervention and control groups, respectively). Meta‐analysis results showed that nurses' anxiety reduced by mindfulness‐based interventions was significantly higher compared to that of the control group (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.27–1.55, p < 0.05). Furthermore, an 8‐week mindfulness‐based intervention (SMD = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.61–2.24) reduced the level of anxiety significantly more compared to a 4‐week intervention (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.36–1.71). Mindfulness‐based interventions were better compared to conventional intervention to reduce the level of depression (SMD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.42–1.61, p < 0.05), and an 8‐week mindfulness intervention (SMD = 1.81, 95% CI: 0.78–2.84) reduced the level of depression significantly more compared to a 4‐week intervention (SMD = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.29–1.35). Since limited studies had interventions longer than 8 weeks, results on longer mindfulness interventions in reducing nurses' anxiety and depression are inconclusive. In conclusion, mindfulness intervention for 8 weeks or less can significantly reduce nurses' anxiety and depression levels.Patient or Public ContributionNone.
Ultrasound‐Guided Ethanol Ablation as a Primary Treatment for Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: Feasibility, Characteristics, and Outcomes
Authors: Ahn Dongbin , Kwak Ji Hye , Lee Gil Joon , Sohn Jin Ho 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility, characteristics, and outcomes of ultrasound‐guided ethanol ablation (US‐EA) as a primary treatment for thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs).Study DesignProspective case series.SettingSingle center study.MethodsThe inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) patients with TGDC aged ≥18 years, (ii) benign TGDC in imaging and cytological examinations, and (iii) patients' need for nonsurgical scarless treatment. US‐EA was used as the primary treatment strategy. The primary outcome variables were the volume reduction rate (VRR) and cosmetic score at the last follow‐up.ResultsWe enrolled 28 patients with TGDC. The median TGDC volume at baseline was 6.7 mL. The median procedure time of the US‐EA was 6.5 minutes. The median volumes of the cyst aspirate and injected ethanol were 4.0 and 2.0 mL, respectively. Overall, 18, 8, and 2 patients underwent 1, 2, and 3 treatment sessions, respectively. There were no complications. The median VRR was 96.2%, and the treatment success rate was 96.4%. The World Health Organization cosmetic score decreased from 4 (baseline) to 1 (after treatment) in all patients. The subjective grade for cosmetic satisfaction was satisfactory or highly satisfactory in all patients. The VRR, treatment success rate, and the number of treatment sessions did not differ as functions of the characteristics of the TGDC, including the initial volume, septation, debris, or viscosity of the cyst fluid.ConclusionUS‐EA was feasible, safe, and effective in patients with TGDC. Therefore, US‐EA can be used as a primary treatment for TGDC, evading general anesthesia and surgical scar.
Forgotten whales, fading codfish: Perceptions of ‘natural’ ecosystems inform visions of future recovery
Authors: McClenachan Loren , Neal Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Perceptions of past ecological change affect views of current ecosystem state, but how do baselines help to shape stakeholders' visions of an idealized future?

Here, we investigate links between perceptions of natural baselines and visions for the nearshore Gulf of Maine among a key stakeholder group, active lobster fishers. We ask three related questions: (1) What do fishers perceive as a ‘natural’ Gulf of Maine? (2) How do perceptions of the past predict individual and collective visions of an ideal future? and (3) How is existing management perceived as supporting these visions?

We found that fishers perceived the ecosystem to be ‘natural’ an average of one decade before they started fishing. Three species dominated views of natural systems: cod Gadus morhua, lobster Homarus americanus, and herring Clupea harengus, but while long‐time fishers associated abundant cod with a natural nearshore Gulf of Maine, memories of a historically cod‐rich Gulf of Maine were fading among some younger fishers who began their careers after the cod crash in the 1990s. Perceptions of ‘natural’ ecosystems dictated future visions for the majority of taxa; on average, fishers remembered and desired abundant cod and herring, but perceived halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and endangered right whales Eubalaena glacialis to have always been rare.

Fishers described a vision for the future based on views of past ecological and social baselines, including fisheries deconsolidation and diversification, but expressed a lack of shared vision with and trust in federal management institutions to achieve these goals. In particular, memories of cod abundance in the 1970s and 1980s were coupled with memories of a diversified and accessible fishery, but fishers doubted that the recovery of cod would result in their restored access to cod fisheries.

Together our results demonstrate that past personal experiences limit perceptions of what is possible, highlighting both the value and limitations of local ecological knowledge in places that have experienced ecological change over centuries. They also demonstrate how stakeholder perceptions of both social and ecological baselines shape visions for future ecosystems but are mediated by contemporary issues like trust in institutions and fisheries access.

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