bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of single‐gene noninvasive prenatal testing for autosomal recessive conditions in a general population setting
Authors: Wynn Julia , Hoskovec Jennifer , Carter Rebecca D. , Ross Meredith J. , Perni Sriram C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveCarrier screening with reflex to single‐gene noninvasive prenatal testing (sgNIPT) is an alternative approach for identifying pregnancies at risk for inherited autosomal recessive conditions without the need for a sample from the reproductive partner. This study is the largest clinical validation of this approach in a general population setting.MethodsThe clinical performance of carrier screening with reflex to sgNIPT for cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, alpha thalassemias, and beta hemoglobinopathies was assessed by collecting pregnancy outcome data on patients who underwent this testing and comparing the neonatal outcome to the assay‐predicted fetal risk.ResultsOf 42,067 pregnant individuals who underwent screening, 7538 carriers (17.9%) had reflex sgNIPT, and neonatal or fetal outcomes were obtained for 528 cases, including 25 affected pregnancies. Outcomes demonstrated high concordance with sgNIPT, for example, all pregnancies with 9 in 10 personalized fetal risk results were affected (positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% for the sub‐group) and the sgNIPT assay showed a sensitivity of 96.0% (95% CI: 79.65%–99.90%), specificity of 95.2% (95% CI: 92.98%–96.92%), average PPV of 50.0% (95% CI: 35.23%–64.77%), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.8% (95% CI: 98.84%–99.99%). The end‐to‐end performance of carrier screening with reflex to sgNIPT was calculated to have a sensitivity of 92.4% and specificity of 99.9%, which are unaffected by partner carrier screening or misattributed paternity unlike a traditional carrier screening workflow, which has a 35% sensitivity and a maximum of 25% PPV (1 in 4) in a real‐life setting.ConclusionThis study builds upon earlier findings to confirm that carrier testing with reflex to sgNIPT is highly accurate for general population screening. Given this high accuracy and an NPV of 99.8%, this workflow should be considered as an option for most of the general pregnant population. When the biological partner sample is unavailable, this workflow should be recommended as the first‐line approach.
Water aging effects on the flexural properties of fully biobased coir fiber composites
Authors: Assis Eduardo Geraldo , dos Santos Júlio Cesar , da Silva Rodrigo José , de Oliveira Lívia Ávila , del Pino Gilberto Garcia , Scarpa Fabrizio , Panzera Túlio Hallak 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work describes the flexural behavior of biocomposites composed of a polyurethane matrix derived from castor oil plants and coir fibers. A statistical design is performed to identify the effects of fiber alkaline treatment and aging on the flexural modulus and strength of the composites. Physical tests and failure analyses are carried out to better assess their mechanical performance. A second experiment at 100% relative humidity is performed on treated fiber composites to compare with those obtained by immersion in water. The flexural modulus of the composites is not significantly affected by the fiber alkali treatment, while the strength is reduced by 35.17% when treated fibers are considered. Increasing the exposure time of composites under both aging conditions progressively reduces their flexural properties. The aging process of biocomposites in an environment with 100% relative humidity takes twice as long to reduce to the same flexural properties as those aged in water.Highlights
Composites made with treated fibers showed higher apparent density and lower porosity.
Water aging reduces flexural modulus and strength of biobased coir composites.
The bending properties are strongly dominated by the properties of biobased polymer.
100% relative humidity takes twice as long to reduce to the flexural properties as those aged in water.
Untreated coir fibers achieve superior bending properties under moisture aging.
High flux and ultra‐thin poly‐dimethyldiethoxysilane/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite membrane for alcohols recovery from aqueous solution by pervaporation
Authors: Chen Xiaole , Li Na , Liu Panfeng , Wen Du , Zhou Qulan , Zhong Huang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPervaporation (PV) of membrane separation technology has become an efficient approach to separate alcohols from aqueous solution. In this study, focusing on increasing the total flux and breaking the trade‐off in PV, an ultra‐thin and high flux poly‐dimethyldiethoxysilane (PDMDES)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite membrane was prepared. By employing various means, the characterizations of PDMDES/PVDF composite membrane were extensively investigated and the promising results indicated the high hydrophobicity and good affinity to alcohols. To be specific, PDMDES selective layer with different thicknesses, the thinnest of which was approximately 265 nm, were fabricated, and better PV performance can be achieved in a thickness range of 1.10 ~ 1.69 μm. The optimal PV performance of PDMDES/PVDF composite membrane was obtained in separating methanol from 5 wt% methanol/water solution at 40°C, resulting in a total high permeation flux of 5.38 kg m−2 h−1 and a higher pervaporation separation index (PSI) of 18.63 kg m−2 h−1.Highlights
The ultra‐thin and high flux composite membranes for alcohols recovery via pervaporation (PV) are prepared by using monomer in membrane preparation through a simple fabrication method.
The trade‐off is broken in the ultra‐thin composite membrane compared with traditional composite membrane.
The influence between membrane thickness and PV performance is investigated through experimental tests, and the results show that the ultra‐thin composite membrane has a total high permeation flux of 5.38 kg m−2 h−1.
Hydrogen diffusion on (100), (111), (110) and (211) gold faces
Authors: Dokhlikova Nadezhda V. , Grishin Maxim V. , Doronin Sergey V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCalculations showed that hydrogen adsorption into subsurface sites is most likely to occur on Au (110) and (211) faces. The presence of low‐coordinated Au atoms on significantly reduces the barrier of subsurface adsorption of H. The barriers of H surface diffusion increase in the following Au series: (110) < (111) < (100) < (211). An analysis of the dependence of the surface diffusion barriers on the electronic structure of gold atoms on the respective faces revealed a U‐shaped dependence of the centers of the s‐ and d‐bands. This dependence is the result of the filling of the s‐ and d‐bands on different faces of the gold. The results obtained suggest that it is possible to use band centers to determine surface diffusion barriers.
Optimizing cotton‐picking robotic manipulator and inverse kinematics modeling using evolutionary algorithm‐assisted artificial neural network
Authors: Singh Naseeb , Tewari Virendra Kumar , Biswas Prabir Kumar , Dhruw Laxmi Kant , Ranjan Rakesh , Ranjan Abhishek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study presents a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm‐assisted neural‐network‐based inverse kinematics solution for a 4‐DoF (degree‐of‐freedom) cotton harvesting robot. A novel setup was developed to measure the three‐dimensional locations of in‐field cotton bolls. Dimensional optimization of the manipulator was conducted using the PSO algorithm to minimize torque requirements at joints. With the optimized links’ lengths, the targeted end‐effector positions were achieved effectively (coefficient of determination (R2) > 99.88). The genetic algorithm optimized the neural network architecture to include three hidden layers with [64 64 32] neurons, identifying the Tanh activation function as the optimal configuration. A custom loss function was used during the training of artificial neural network (ANN). Using angles predicted by the trained ANN, the end‐effector reached targeted positions with positioning errors below 13.0 mm. A hybrid model consisting of an ANN and PSO algorithm was developed to further reduce the error. This trained hybrid model resulted in a positioning error below 1.0 mm with inference time of 6.07 s during simulation phase. As compared to the ANN and PSO algorithm, hybrid model reduced the positioning error and inference time (>40.0%), respectively. For hybrid model, the mean percentage errors of 0.25%, 0.39%, and 0.84% were observed along the x‐, y‐, and z‐axis. A positioning error below 9.0 mm occurred during evaluation of the hybrid model with the fabricated manipulator. Hence, the developed hybrid model precisely determines the joint angles, allowing the end‐effector of the cotton harvesting robot to reach at targeted pose with minimum error.
An Investigation into the Efficacy of Low Temperature and UV Irradiated Citric Acid Crosslinked Zein/PEO Electrospun Membranes for Wound Healing Using Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Medha Surendranath , Resmi Rajalekshmi , Rekha M. R. , Nair Prakash , Ramesh P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA key material capable of effective wound closure is a pertinent demand of the day. Citric acid (CA)‐based crosslinking involves pre‐crosslinking followed by post‐crosslinking at higher temperature. Unlike conventional higher temperature treatment, this piece of work discusses post‐crosslinking at low temperature or under UV irradiation of CAZein/Polyethylene oxide (PEO) blend membranes. A comparative analysis of the wound healing efficiency of both membranes was done. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results showed that UV crosslinked CA Zein/PEO has a fast thermal degradation and the folded structure of the protein perturbed during UV crosslinking. More than 60 % of porosity and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 1500–2000 g m−2 day−1 for both membranes could facilitate faster exudate absorption and gas exchange through the wound site. Thermally crosslinked CA Zein/PEO stimulated 67 % more collagen production within 2 days compared to control cells. Percentage of wound closure is also high for thermally crosslinked CA Zein/PEO compared to UV crosslinked CA Zein/PEO. Though cytotoxicity evaluation confirmed the non‐cytotoxicity of both membranes, thermally crosslinked membrane proved as a better candidate for wound care management.
An Efficient Antimicrobial Performance of Hybrid Functionalized MWCNTs/GNPts Bionanocomposites Based on Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammad I. , Alamry Khalid A. , Hussein Mahmoud A. , Alsafadi Diya , Rafatullah Mohd 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHaloferax mediterranei archaea has been utilized to biosynthesize Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) polyester from date waste as carbon source. The produced biopolymer has been composited with different percentages (1 %, 3 %, 5 % and 10 %) of a hybrid filler based on 1 : 1 carboxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs) and graphene nanoplates (GNPts). The synthesized bionanocomposites PHBV/(CMWCNTs‐GNPts)(1,3,5,10%) have been characterized by FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM and EDX. In addition, they were studied for their antibacterial properties against gram negative and gram positive strains of M. Luteus, S. Aureus, P. Aerugensa and E. Coli, and the results showed excellent antibacterial effect especially against gram negative strains of P. Aerugensa and E. Coli, showing inhibition zones of 52 % and 81 %, respectively, compared to chloramphenicol control that is used. Also, antifungal activities were investigated against G. Candidum and C. Albicans and showed that the produced bionanocomposites had inhibition zones of 32 % and 73 %, respectively, compared to the antifungal drug clotrimazole which was used as control.
Biogenic Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity Studies of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves
Authors: Prasad Prajapati Jagdish , Toppo Anunay , Majhi Purusottam , Pradhan Umakant , Das Anirban , Das Debjit , Sriramulu G. , Mallick Sadhucharan , Katlakunta Sadhana , Shukla Awadhesh K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present study reports the green synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) by an aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and the antifungal activity assessment of CuO NPs against the phytopathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The CuO NPs showed variable fungitoxic effects against A. flavus and A. niger. At higher doses (1 mg/mL), 83.51 % of mycelial inhibition was found against A. flavus, but 43.51 % was found against A. niger. The percentage inhibition of mycelial growth was found to be dose dependent. The cell viability analysis was carried out to reveal the mechanism of the fungitoxic effect of synthesized NPs and it was revealed that the CuO NPs caused oxidative stress associated with increased ROS production, leading to fungal cell death. The synthesized CuO NPs showed single phase cupric oxide with a monoclinic structure and highly uniform in size (3–5 nm). As the synthesized CuO NPs showed good stability under open atmospheric conditions and a fungitoxicity effect against A. flavus, they may be used to control fungal diseases in an eco‐friendly manner.
Nitrogen‐containing Porous Organic Polymer Supported Rhodium Catalyst for Hydroformylation of Olefins
Authors: Lan Yongcheng , Lu Yanmei , Yun Dong , Xia Chungu , Qian Bo , Liu Jianhua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe hydroformylation reaction of olefins with syngas (CO/H2) to manufacture aldehydes is one of the largest homogeneous catalytic processes. However, it is important to extend the use of Rh catalysts promoted by nitrogen ligands to heterogeneous system. In this study, a nitrogen‐containing porous organic polymer supported Rh catalyst (Rh/TImT‐TBPT) was successfully synthesized, as well as showed excellent catalytic activity (TOF=216 h−1) and selectivity of aldehydes (98 %) in the hydroformylation of 1‐octene. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of Rh/TImT‐TBPT in the hydroformylation of various olefins was also investigated, displaying outstanding results. The catalytic material was characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, XPS, TEM, SEM and TGA in detail. The characterization data showed that Rh species were highly dispersed on the support, leading to the good stability. More importantly, the Rh/TImT‐TBPT catalyst could be separated from the reaction system at the end of the hydroformylation, and then reused in the next cycle under optimized conditions.
Hg(II)/Fe(III) Turn‐On Fluorescence Response of Rhodamine‐Anthracene Derivatives with Variable Diamine Chain Length
Authors: Gu Xiaofen , Xia Fangyuan , Ye Changqing , Chen Shuoran , Liang Zuoqin , Wang Xiaomei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwo rhodamine‐anthracene derivative probes (RA1 and RA2) were designed and synthesized to incorporate different lengths of diamine chains between the rhodamine and anthracene moieties. Among the 16 different metal ions tested, RA1 exhibited the highest fluorescence enhancement in response to Hg2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.76×10−7 M, while RA2 showed the greatest fluorescence enhancement in the presence of Fe3+ with the LOD of 2.41×10−7 M. Notably, RA1 effectively eliminated the interference caused by Fe3+ during Hg2+ detection, whereas RA2 successfully eliminated the interference of Hg2+ during Fe3+ determination. This response difference between the two ions holds particular importance in scenarios where both heavy metal ions coexist. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy imaging of mouse mammary cancer cells (4T1) under the influence of Fe3+ demonstrated the potential applications of the probe. This study highlights the significance of a simple molecular design approach in tailoring probe selectivity by modifying the intramolecular flexible chain length.
Improved Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution using Sulfur‐Doped Graphite‐like Carbon Nitride (S‐G‐C3N4) Photocatalyst
Authors: Alharthi Fahad A. , Hasan Imran 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydrogen (H2) production has received great attention because of its environmental‐friendly nature. Particularly, photocatalytic H2 production has been proven most efficient technology. Graphite‐like carbon nitride has excellent photocatalytic properties and has been widely used for H2 production. Herein, we report the fabrication of sulfur‐doped graphitic carbon nitride (S‐g‐C3N4) and its application in photocatalytic H2 production. The as‐synthesized S‐g‐C3N4 was authenticated by various advanced physical‐chemical techniques such as SEM, PXRD, and XPS. The optical properties of the as‐synthesized S‐g‐C3N4 was checked by UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy. Further, as‐synthesized S‐g‐C3N4 was explored as photocatalyst for H2 production. Effect of photocatalyst doses and type of solvents have been studied. The obtained results show that improved H2 production of 6002.54 μmol/g can be achieved via S‐g‐C3N4 photocatalyst. The as‐synthesized S‐g‐C3N4 also exhibit good stability, H2 evolution rate of 1200.5 μmol/g.h, and reasonable reusability.
Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide (Co3O4) Nanoparticles for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting and Hydrogen Production
Authors: Hasan Imran , Alharthi Fahad A 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the recent years, photocatalytic hydrogen production using nanomaterials‐based photocatalysts have gained extensive attention. Various metal oxides have been widely explored in the photocatalytic hydrogen generation. It is interesting to prepare the efficient photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen generation reactions. In present work, we used simple synthetic procedure for the preparation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs). The Co3O4 NPs were prepared using precipitation method. The surface structural features such as topological surface morphology was checked by scanning electron microscope. Presence of Co and O elements were authenticated by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The phase purity or formation of Co3O4 NPs was evaluated by powder X‐ray diffraction approach. The optical band gap of the obtained Co3O4 NPs was determined by using ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy. Furthermore, we have explored the synthesized Co3O4 NPs as photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction. The obtained results exhibited good photocatalytic behavior of Co3O4 NPs was towards hydrogen production. The hydrogen amount of 4565 μmol.g−1 was produced using Co3O4 NPs as photocatalyst. The reusability of the Co3O4 NPs photocatalyst was also checked and obtained results showed that Co3O4 NPs is stable for reusability.
Construction of Cu2O−Ag Nanocomposites for the Selective and Efficient Electrochemical Detection of Catechol
Authors: Liu Jingnan , Jia Haoran , Guo Jiawei , Zhang Wen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHighly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors are essential for human health, especially for monitoring the state of environmental pollutant content. Here, Cu2O nanocubes uniformly decorated with Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by a tractable wet‐chemical method. The electrochemical studies confirm that the Cu2O‐Ag‐16 composite shows increased electrochemical activity for catechol determination compared with either the bare Cu2O or the other two as‐proposed Cu2O−Ag catalysts (Cu2O−Ag‐8, Cu2O−Ag‐24). More specifically, the Cu2O−Ag‐16 presents excellent electrochemical responses towards catechol detection over wide linear ranges of 0.05 μM – 1 mM and 1 mM – 5 mM, with high sensitivity and low detection limits (50 nM). Furthermore, the as‐proposed sensor also displays good reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of 2.3 % (n=3). Satisfactory recoveries in the range of 98.3 % to 101.2 % or 98 % to 100.7 % for lake water and/or tap water indicate the reliability of the sensor for catechol detection in practical applications. Constructing such composite structures to manipulate the local charge distribution for outstanding electrochemical sensing properties would provide us with an innovative strategy to explore other highly efficient electrode materials.
Implementation of real‐time hybrid simulation based on Python‐graphics processing unit computing
Authors: Dong Xiaohui , Tang Zhenyun , Du Xiuli 
Published: September 2023

SummaryReal‐time hybrid simulation is a testing method that combines physical experiments and numerical simulations, which can increase the dimensions of experimental specimens and reduce the error of scaling testing. Currently, the maximum degrees of freedom of numerical models are 7000 in real time. To improve the scale of numerical simulation in real time, a testing framework based on Python and graphics processing unit was proposed in this paper. The maximum degrees of freedom of the numerical model exceeded 24,000 with the testing framework. The testing capacity of real‐time hybrid simulation was significantly improved by the graphics processing unit calculations.
Status, typification, and synonymy of some early names for South Asian and Oceanian plants proposed in Urtica or in other genera now in the Urticaceae
Authors: Friis Ib , Wilmot‐Dear Christine Melanie , Moore Alison 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUrtica stimulans L.f., the basionym of the currently accepted name Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f.) Chew, and Urtica fruticosa L.f., were both published in 1782 by Linné filius in Supplementum plantarum and are here lectotypified with specimens from original material collected by Thunberg on Java. After its publication, U. fruticosa has only been cited as a synonym of Dendrocnide stimulans, but that is a misidentification. “Urtica paniculata Gaudich.” was not validly published, appearing in the synonymy of Fleurya paniculata Gaudich. in 1830 (as “Urtica paniculata olim”), currently in Laportea ruderalis (G.Forst.) Chew, while Urtica paniculata Roxb. was validly published in 1832 as a legitimate name and is lectotypified here. Morus paniculata Roxb. was published in 1814 without a description, solely validated with reference to a description and a plate in Rumphius, Herbarium Amboinense. The information about the species Morus paniculata Roxb. and Urtica paniculata Roxb. may in part stem from the same trees grown in the Calcutta Botanic Garden, but the contexts in which Roxburgh published these two names are bibliographically distinct and without cross‐references; they stand as two independent names and are lectotypified on separate material. Urtica fruticosa L.f., Urtica paniculata Roxb., Morus paniculata Roxb. and Botrymorus paniculata (Roxb.) Miq. are all legitimate names and identified with Pipturus argenteus (G.Forst.) Wedd. (1869), a highly variable species occurring around and on islands in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. Its basionym, Urtica argentea G.Forst., published in 1786, is antedated by Urtica fruticosa L.f., published in 1782. To avoid an unfortunate change of the widely used name Pipturus argenteus, Urtica fruticosa L.f. is proposed separately as a nomen rejiciendum under Art. 56. Notes are provided on the original material of names that have been confused with the above‐mentioned names, including Urtica fruticosa Wright., sphalm. (based on mixed material).