bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving growth properties of Corynebacterium glutamicum by implementing an iron‐responsive protocatechuate biosynthesis
Authors: Thoma Felix , Appel Christof , Russ Dominik , Huber Janine , Werner Felix , Blombach Bastian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCorynebacterium glutamicum experiences a transient iron limitation during growth in minimal medium, which can be compensated by the external supplementation of protocatechuic acid (PCA). Although C. glutamicum is genetically equipped to form PCA from the intermediate 3‐dehydroshikimate catalysed by 3‐dehydroshikimate dehydratase (encoded by qsuB), PCA synthesis is not part of the native iron‐responsive regulon. To obtain a strain with improved iron availability even in the absence of the expensive supplement PCA, we re‐wired the transcriptional regulation of the qsuB gene and modified PCA biosynthesis and degradation. Therefore, we ushered qsuB expression into the iron‐responsive DtxR regulon by replacing the native promoter of the qsuB gene by the promoter PripA and introduced a second copy of the PripA‐qsuB cassette into the genome of C. glutamicum. Reduction of the degradation was achieved by mitigating expression of the pcaG and pcaH genes through a start codon exchange. The final strain C. glutamicum IRON+ showed in the absence of PCA a significantly increased intracellular Fe2+ availability, exhibited improved growth properties on glucose and acetate, retained a wild type‐like biomass yield but did not accumulate PCA in the supernatant. For the cultivation in minimal medium C. glutamicum IRON+ represents a useful platform strain that reveals beneficial growth properties on different carbon sources without affecting the biomass yield and overcomes the need of PCA supplementation.
Is fluoroscopy‐guided percutaneous bone biopsy of diabetic foot with suspected osteomyelitis worthwhile? A retrospective study
Authors: Al‐Balas Hassan , Metwalli Zeyad A. , Nagaraj Aaditya , Sada David M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic foot infection, particularly osteomyelitis, is a major risk factor of amputation in persons with diabetes. Bone biopsy with microbial examination is considered the gold standard of diagnosis of osteomyelitis, providing information about the offending pathogens as well as their antibiotics susceptibility. This allows targeting of these pathogens with narrow spectrum antibiotics, potentially reducing emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Percutaneous fluoroscopy guided bone biopsy allows accurate and safe targeting of the affected bone.MethodsIn a single tertiary medical institution and over 9 year period, we performed 170 percutaneous bone biopsies. We retrosepctively reviewed the medical record of these patients including patients' demographics, imaging and biopsy microbiology and pathollogic results.ResultsMicrobiological cultures of 80 samples (47.1%) were positive with 53.8% of the positive culture showed monomicrobial growth and the remaining were polymicrobial. Of the positive bone samples 71.3% grew Gram‐positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen from positive bone cultures with almost one third showing methicillin resistence. Enterococcus species were the most frequently isolated pathogens from polymicrobial samples. Enterobacteriaceae species were the most common Gram‐negative pathogens and were more common in polymicrobial samples.ConclusionsPercutaneous image‐guided bone biopsy is a low‐risk, minimally invasive procedure that can provide valuable information about microbial pathogens and therefore enable targeting these pathogens with narrow spectrum antibiotics.
Investor relations and investment efficiency
Authors: Godsell David , Jung Boochun , Mescall Devan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA rich literature suggests that investor relations officers (IROs) fulfill a one‐way information intermediary role by transmitting firm information to investors. We advance this literature with empirical evidence suggesting IROs are two‐way information intermediaries who also return investment efficiency‐increasing investor feedback to firm insiders. Exploiting granular investor relations activity data for 1,375 global firms, we document that firm investment efficiency is higher when IROs spend more time with existing institutional investors, conduct more institutional investor outreach, and meet more often with investment professionals (market intelligence collection), and when IROs transmit investment community feedback to board directors (market intelligence circulation). We mitigate endogeneity concerns stemming from our association tests by employing an expansive suite of control variables, a high‐dimensional fixed‐effects structure, an entropy‐balanced estimation sample, and an instrumental variables analysis. Our evidence supports theory predicting that managers learn about investment opportunities and their costs and benefits from investors and informs a literature predominantly characterizing IROs as one‐way information intermediaries.
Exercise enhancement by RGS14 disruption is mediated by brown adipose tissue
Authors: Vatner Dorothy E. , Oydanich Marko , Zhang Jie , Campbell Sara C. , Vatner Stephen F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEnhanced exercise capacity is not only a feature of healthful aging, but also a therapy for aging patients and patients with cardiovascular disease. Disruption of the Regulator of G Protein Signaling 14 (RGS14) in mice extends healthful lifespan, mediated by increased brown adipose tissue (BAT). Accordingly, we determined whether RGS14 knockout (KO) mice exhibit enhanced exercise capacity and the role of BAT in mediating exercise capacity. Exercise was performed on a treadmill and exercise capacity was assessed by maximal running distance and work to exhaustion. Exercise capacity was measured in RGS14 KO mice and their wild types (WT), and also in WT mice with BAT transplantation from RGS14 KO mice or from other WT mice. RGS14 KO mice demonstrated 160 ± 9% increased maximal running distance and 154 ± 6% increased work to exhaustion, compared to WT mice. RGS14 KO BAT transplantation to WT mice, resulted in a reversal of phenotype, with the WT mice receiving the BAT transplant from RGS14 KO mice demonstrating 151 ± 5% increased maximal running distance and 158 ± 7% increased work to exhaustion, at three days after BAT transplantation, compared to RGS14 KO donors. BAT transplantation from WT to WT mice also resulted in increased exercise performance, but not at 3 days, but only at 8 weeks after transplantation. The BAT induced enhanced exercise capacity was mediated by (1) mitochondrial biogenesis and SIRT3; (2) antioxidant defense and the MEK/ERK pathway, and increased hindlimb perfusion. Thus, BAT mediates enhanced exercise capacity, a mechanism more powerful with RGS14 disruption.
Frequency and types of emotional dysregulation in referrals to child and adolescent mental health services
Authors: Ellehauge Emilie , Thoustrup Christine , Nielsen Mette Nørgaard , Pagsberg Anne Katrine , Hagstrøm Julie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionEmotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic phenomenon that has received increased attention, because of its potential ability to explain the development and maintenance of various psychiatric disorders. The identification of ED may serve as a potential target for both preventive and treatment interventions, however, the frequency of transdiagnostic ED among children and adolescents has not previously been evaluated. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency and types of ED in accepted and rejected referrals to the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center (CAMHC), Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark, regardless of psychiatric status and across diagnoses. We aimed to evaluate how often ED would be a leading cause in seeking professional help, and whether children with ED not directly reflecting symptoms of known psychopathology would have higher rejection rates than children with more distinct symptoms of psychopathology. Finally, we assessed associations between sex and age with various types of ED.MethodsWe examined ED in a retrospective chart review of referrals of children and adolescents aged 3–17 years to the CAMHC between August 1st, 2020, and August 1st, 2021. We ranked problems described in the referral as primary, secondary, and tertiary depending on severity. Further, we examined group differences in the frequency of ED in accepted versus rejected referrals, as well as group differences in types of ED in age and sex distributions, and diagnoses occurring with specific types of ED.ResultsED was present in 62.3% of the 999 referrals and was assessed as the primary issue in twice as many rejected referrals (11.4%) compared to accepted referrals (5.7%). Boys were significantly more often described with externalizing and internalizing behavior (55.5% vs. 31.6%; 35.1% vs. 26.5%) as well as incongruent affect (10.0% vs. 4.7%), whereas girls were more often described with depressed mood (47.5% vs. 38.0%) and self‐harm (23.8% vs. 9.4%). The frequency of different types of ED varied with age.ConclusionThe present study is the first to evaluate the frequency of ED in children and adolescents referred to mental health services. The study offers insights into the high frequency of ED and the associations between ED and subsequent diagnoses, which may prove to be a method of early identification of risk of psychopathology. Our findings suggest that ED may rightly be considered a transdiagnostic factor, independent of specific psychiatric disorders, and that an ED‐centered as opposed to diagnosis‐specific approach to assessment, prevention, and treatment could target transversal symptoms of psychopathology in a more holistic manner.
The reliability and validity of the revised Green et al. paranoid thoughts scale in individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis
Authors: Williams Trevor F. , Walker Elaine F. , Strauss Gregory P. , Woods Scott W. , Powers Albert R. , Corlett Philip R. , Schiffman Jason , Waltz James A. , Gold James M. , Silverstein Steven M. , Ellman Lauren M. , Zinbarg Richard E. , Mittal Vijay A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionParanoia is a common and impairing psychosis symptom, which exists along a severity continuum that extends into the general population. Individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis (CHR) frequently experience paranoia and this may elevate their risk for developing full psychosis. Nonetheless, limited work has examined the efficient measurement of paranoia in CHR individuals. The present study aimed to validate an often‐used self‐report measure, the revised green paranoid thoughts scale (RGPTS), in this critical population.MethodParticipants were CHR individuals (n = 103), mixed clinical controls (n = 80), and healthy controls (n = 71) who completed self‐report and interview measures. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), psychometric indices, group differences, and relations to external measures were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the RGPTS.ResultsCFA replicated a two‐factor structure for the RGPTS and the associated reference and persecution scales were reliable. CHR individuals scored significantly higher on both reference and persecution, relative to both healthy (ds = 1.03, 0.86) and clinical controls (ds = 0.64, 0.73). In CHR participants, correlations between reference and persecution and external measures were smaller than expected, though showed evidence of discriminant validity (e.g., interviewer‐rated paranoia, r = 0.24). When examined in the full sample, correlation magnitude was larger and follow‐up analyses indicated that reference related most specifically to paranoia (β = 0.32), whereas persecution uniquely related to poor social functioning (β = −0.29).ConclusionThese results demonstrate the reliability and validity of the RGPTS, though its scales related more weakly to severity in CHR individuals. The RGPTS may be useful in future work aiming to develop symptom‐specific models of emerging paranoia in CHR individuals.
Community member perspectives on adapting the cascade of care for opioid use disorder for a tribal nation in the United States
Authors: Johnson Frank , RedCloud Amy , Mootz Jennifer , Hallgren Kevin A. , Elliott Kaisa , Alexander Clinton ,   Aanji'bide Community Action Board, Greenfield Brenna L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Cascade of Care is a public health model that has been used to measure population‐level OUD risk, treatment engagement, retention, service and outcome indicators. However, no studies have examined its relevance for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. Thus, we aimed to understand (1) the utility of existing stages and (2) the relative ‘fit’ of the OUD Cascade of Care from a tribal perspective.Design, Setting, Participants and MeasurementsQualitative analysis of in‐depth interviews with 20 individuals who were knowledgeable regarding the treatment of OUD in an Anishinaabe tribal setting in Minnesota, USA. Community member roles included clinicians, peer support specialists and cultural practitioners, among others. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.FindingsParticipants identified the key transition points of prevention, assessment, inpatient/outpatient pathways and recovery as relevant to their community. They re‐imagined an Aanji'bide (Changing our Paths) model of opioid recovery and change that was non‐linear; included developmental stage and individual pathways; and demonstrated resilience through connection to culture/spirituality, community and others.ConclusionsCommunity members living/working in a rural tribal nation in Minnesota, USA identified non‐linearity and cultural connection as key elements to include in an Anishinaabe‐centered model of opioid recovery and change.
Is minimum unit pricing for alcohol having the intended effects on alcohol consumption in Scotland?
Authors: Holmes John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe Scottish Government introduced minimum unit pricing (MUP) for alcohol on 1 May 2018. This means retailers in Scotland cannot sell alcohol to consumers for less than £0.50 per unit (1 UK unit = 8 g ethanol). The Government intended the policy to increase the price of cheap alcohol, cut alcohol consumption overall and particularly among those drinking at hazardous or harmful levels, and ultimately reduce alcohol‐related harm. This paper aims to summarise and assess the evidence to date evaluating the impact of MUP on alcohol consumption and related behaviours in Scotland.ArgumentEvidence from analyses of population‐level sales data suggest, all else being equal, MUP reduced the volume of alcohol sold in Scotland by ~ 3.0% to 3.5%, with the largest reductions affecting cider and spirits sales. Analyses of two time series datasets on household‐level alcohol purchasing and individual‐level alcohol consumption suggest reductions in purchasing and consumption among those drinking at hazardous and harmful levels, but offer conflicting results for those drinking at the most harmful levels. These subgroup analyses are methodologically robust, but the underlying datasets have important limitations as they rely on non‐random sampling strategies. Further studies identified no clear evidence of reduced alcohol consumption among those with alcohol dependence or those presenting to emergency departments and sexual health clinics, some evidence of increased financial strain among people with dependence and no evidence of wider negative outcomes arising from changes in alcohol consumption behaviours.ConclusionsMinimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland has led to reduced consumption, including among heavier drinkers. However, there is uncertainty regarding its impact on those at greatest risk and some limited evidence of negative outcomes, specifically financial strain, among people with alcohol dependence.
Clinical Oncology Society of Australia Position Statement: 2022 update to the safe handling of monoclonal antibodies in healthcare settings
Authors: Ryan Marissa , Lam Neil , Wright Kate , Siderov Jim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe aims were to (a) review the scientific literature on occupational risk, including exposure mechanisms and risk assessment, with regards to handling monoclonal antibodies (mABs) in healthcare settings; and (b) update the recommendations in the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA) safe handling of monoclonal antibodies in healthcare settings position statement, published in 2013.MethodsA literature search was conducted between April 24, 2022, and July 3, 2022, to identify evidence relating to occupational exposure and handling of mABs in healthcare settings. Evidence in the literature was compared to the Position Statement published in 2013, and any potential additions, deletions, or revisions were discussed by the authors, and then agreed changes were made.ResultsThirty‐nine references were included in this update, comprising of the 2013 Position Statement itself and 10 of its references, as well as 28 new references. The risks to healthcare workers in the preparation and administration of mABs arise from four distinct exposure mechanisms: dermal, mucosal, inhalation, and oral. Updates included recommendations on using protective eyewear during the preparation and administration of mABs, developing a local institutional risk assessment tool and handling recommendations, considerations for using closed system transfer devices, and to have awareness of the nomenclature change from 2021 for new mABs.ConclusionPractitioners should follow the 14 recommendations to lower occupational risk when handling mABs. Another Position Statement update should occur in 5–10 years to ensure the currency of recommendations.
Population attributable fractions of modifiable cancer risk factors in Korea: A systematic review
Authors: Han Mi Ah , Kim Seo‐Hee , Hwang Eu Chang , Jung Jae Hung , Park Sun Mi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe population attributable fraction (PAF), an epidemiologic measure of exposures and health outcomes, can provide information on the public health impacts of exposures in populations. This study aimed to systematically summarize the PAF estimates of modifiable cancer risk factors in Korea.MethodsThis review included studies that determined PAFs of modifiable risk factors for cancer in Korea. We performed systematic searches in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and Korean databases for studies published up to July 2021. Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data, and performed quality assessments of the included studies. Due to high variability among the data acquisition methods and PAF estimates, we presented the results qualitatively and did not perform quantitative data synthesis.ResultsWe reviewed 16 studies that reported the PAFs of risk factors for cancer, including smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and various cancer sites. We found considerable variability in the PAF estimates across exposure and cancer pairs. However, PAF estimates for smoking and respiratory cancer were consistently high in men. PAF estimates were higher in men than in women for smoking and alcohol consumption but higher in women for obesity. We found limited evidence for other exposures and cancers.ConclusionOur findings may be used to prioritize and plan strategies to reduce cancer burden. We encourage further and updated assessments of cancer risk factors, including those not addressed in the studies included in this review, and their potential contributions to cancer burden to better inform strategies for cancer control.
Clinical practice guidelines for intrapartum cardiotocography interpretation: A systematic review
Authors: Brown James , Kanagaretnam Dhusyanthy , Zen Monica 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundClinical practice guidelines on intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) interpretation provide structured tools to detect fetal hypoxia. Despite frequent use of different guidelines, little is known about their comparable consistency. We sought to appraise guidelines relevant to intrapartum CTG interpretation and summarise consensus and non‐consensus recommendations.AimsTo compare existing intrapartum CTG interpretation guidelines.Materials and methodsWe searched PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, guideline databases and websites of guideline development institutions using terms ‘cardiotocography’, ‘electronic fetal/foetal monitoring’, and ‘guideline’ or equivalent term. The search was restricted to English‐language articles published between January 1980 and January 2023 and excluded animal studies. The initial search yielded 2128 articles with 1253 unique citations. Guidelines were included if they: used English as the reporting language; included CTG interpretation criteria or guidelines as a primary objective; were published or updated since 1980; and were the most recently updated publications when multiple versions were identified.ResultsNineteen studies were considered for full review, and 13 met inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently assessed guideline quality using the AGREE II instrument, and synthesised consensus and non‐consensus recommendations using the content analysis approach. Most guidelines employed a three‐tier interpretation framework. There were significant differences between the guidelines for relative importance of key CTG features such as accelerations, decelerations and variability, with respect to the outcome of fetal hypoxia.ConclusionsThere are significant differences between key intrapartum CTG interpretation guidelines currently being used. Greater consistency is needed across CTG interpretation guidelines to improve the quality of data, clinical governance, monitoring of outcomes, and to support future developments.