bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D hydrodynamic simulations of massive main-sequence stars – I. Dynamics and mixing of convection and internal gravity waves
Authors: Herwig Falk , Woodward Paul R , Mao Huaqing , Thompson William R , Denissenkov Pavel , Lau Josh , Blouin Simon , Andrassy Robert , Paul Adam 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We performed 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the inner $\approx 50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ radial extent of a $25\,\,\mathrm{\mathrm{M}_\odot }$ star in the early phase of the main sequence and investigate core convection and internal gravity waves in the core-envelope boundary region. Simulations for different grid resolutions and driving luminosities establish scaling relations to constrain models of mixing for 1D applications. As in previous works, the turbulent mass entrainment rate extrapolated to nominal heating is unrealistically high ($1.58\times 10^{-4}\,\,\mathrm{\mathrm{M}_\odot \, {\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}}$), which is discussed in terms of the non-equilibrium response of the simulations to the initial stratification. We measure quantitatively the effect of mixing due to internal gravity waves excited by core convection interacting with the boundary in our simulations. The wave power spectral density as a function of frequency and wavelength agrees well with the GYRE eigenmode predictions based on the 1D spherically averaged radial profile. A diffusion coefficient profile that reproduces the spherically averaged abundance distribution evolution is determined for each simulation. Through a combination of eigenmode analysis and scaling relations it is shown that in the N2-peak region, mixing is due to internal gravity waves and follows the scaling relation DIGW-hydro ∝ L4/3 over a $\gtrapprox 2\,\,\mathrm{\mathrm{dex}}$ range of heating factors. Different extrapolations of the mixing efficiency down to nominal heating are discussed. If internal gravity wave mixing is due to thermally enhanced shear mixing, an upper limit is $D_\mathrm{IGW}\lessapprox 2$ to $3\times 10^{4}\,\,\mathrm{cm^2\, s^{-1}}$ at nominal heating in the N2-peak region above the convective core.
Sums of singular series with large sets and the tail of the distribution of primes
Authors: Kuperberg Vivian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In 1976, Gallagher showed that the Hardy–Littlewood conjectures on prime k-tuples imply that the distribution of primes in log-size intervals is Poissonian. He did so by computing average values of the singular series constants over different sets of a fixed size k contained in an interval $[1,h]$ as $h \to \infty$, and then using this average to compute moments of the distribution of primes. In this paper, we study averages where k is relatively large with respect to h. We then apply these averages to the tail of the distribution. For example, we show, assuming appropriate Hardy–Littlewood conjectures and in certain ranges of the parameters, the number of intervals $[n,n +\lambda \log x]$ with $n\le x$ containing at least k primes is $\ll x\exp(-k/(\lambda {\rm e}))$.
Autoimmune diseases exhibit shared alterations in the gut microbiota
Authors: Wang Tianjiao , Sternes Peter R , Guo Xue-Kun , Zhao Huiying , Xu Congmin , Xu Huji 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveAccumulating evidence from microbial studies have highlighted the modulatory roles of intestinal microbes in numerous human diseases, however, the shared microbial signatures across different diseases remain relatively unclear.MethodsTo consolidate existing knowledge across multiple studies, we performed meta-analyses of 17 disease types, covering 34 case–control datasets of 16S rRNA sequencing data, to identify shared alterations among different diseases. Furthermore, the impact of a microbial species, Lactobacillus salivarius, was established in a dextran sodium sulphate–induced colitis model and a collagen type II–induced arthritis mouse model.ResultsMicrobial alterations among autoimmune diseases were substantially more consistent compared with that of other diseases (cancer, metabolic disease and nervous system disease), with microbial signatures exhibiting notable discriminative power for disease prediction. Autoimmune diseases were characterized by the enrichment of Enterococcus, Veillonella, Streptococcus and Lactobacillus and the depletion of Ruminococcus, Gemmiger, Oscillibacter, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Alistipes, Roseburia, Bilophila, Barnesiella, Dorea, Ruminococcus2, Butyricicoccus, Phascolarctobacterium, Parabacteroides and Odoribacter, among others. Functional investigation of L. salivarius, whose genus was commonly enriched in numerous autoimmune diseases, demonstrated protective roles in two separate inflammatory mouse models.ConclusionOur study highlights a strong link between autoimmune diseases and the gut microbiota, with notably consistent microbial alterations compared with that of other diseases, indicating that therapeutic strategies that target the gut microbiome may be transferable across different autoimmune diseases. Functional validation of L. salivarius highlighted that bacterial genera associated with disease may not always be antagonistic, but may represent protective or adaptive responses to disease.
Perceptions of the Availability of Personal Protective Equipment and Its Association With Burnout Among US Healthcare Personnel During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic, 2020–2021
Authors: Green-McKenzie Judith , Shofer Frances S. , Lappin Maura , Cohen Erik , O’Connor Daniel , Kuter Barbara J. 
Published: July 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to explore associations among personal protective equipment (PPE) availability, workplace environment, and burnout among US healthcare personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
The study used an online healthcare provider (HCP) survey (December 2020–February 2021) regarding PPE confidence, availability, burnout, and workplace environment.

Results
Lack of appropriate PPE was reported by 27% of 799 US HCP surveyed. Burnout, reported by 77% of HCP, was more likely among females, those with fewer years of professional experience, and those with a higher desire to quit, and less likely for those who perceived PPE was adequate or their employer took all steps to minimize workplace risks.

Conclusions
This study suggests that lack of adequate PPE can lead to HCP burnout, which may result in employees quitting. A pandemic preparedness plan that includes adequate PPE is essential for HCP well-being, patient health, and employer fiscal health.
Labour's Politics of Anti‐Neoliberalism from Corbyn to Starmer
Authors: Webb Niles 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany see the Labour leader, Keir Starmer, as a new Tony Blair, taking the party rightward to gain electability. However, Labour under Starmer has advanced a politics of anti‐neoliberalism like that of Jeremy Corbyn and John McDonnell. As Shadow Chancellor, McDonnell developed a critique of neoliberalism which he holds responsible for widening inequality, the 2008 financial crash and its aftermath. Key members of Starmer's Shadow Cabinet agree with this diagnosis and have advanced similar ideas to reform neoliberalism, embracing a decentralised, communitarian socialism which involves large‐scale structural reform. Whilst Shadow ministers’ politics of anti‐neoliberalism has been rendered more culturally conservative by recent populist victories, it reveals fundamental continuities between Corbyn's and Starmer's Labour in a shared scepticism of globalisation. Labour under Starmer is best understood as a party aspiring to restructure an economic model perceived to have failed. In that sense, it differs markedly from New Labour.
Social Security Disability Insurance and intergenerational economic mobility
Authors: Jajtner Katie , Messel Matt , Fletcher Jason 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEconomic opportunity in the United States is shaped by parental health and disability. We hypothesize that Disability Insurance (DI) may mitigate the observed pattern. Using linked survey and administrative data, we find children of work‐limited parents have 4.1 percentiles less upward economic mobility and 4.3 percentiles more downward mobility relative to children of non‐limited parents. Despite poorer health, children of parents initially awarded DI experience a negligible mobility gap relative to peers whose parents never apply to DI and 3.6 percentiles more upward mobility than peers of parents who are initially denied benefits—suggesting DI may moderate economic mobility.
Nomogram predicting overall survival of stage IIIB non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients based on the SEER database
Authors: Li Ziye , Shi Pingfan , Qin Chenge , Zhang Wen , Lin Shumeng , Zheng Tiansheng , Li Ming , Fan Lihong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of stage IIIB non‐small‐cell (NSCLC) lung cancer patients and to construct a nomogram to effectively predict their overall survival (OS).MethodsIn total, 4323 patients with stage IIIB NSCLC diagnosed between 1975 and 2018 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Multiple prognostic factors were combined to construct a nomogram for predicting OS of patients with stage IIIB NSCLC. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were evaluated by C‐indexes and calibration curves. The nomogram was evaluated for predictive ability using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis curve (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC).ResultsThe nomogram was built on data of 4323 patients with stage IIIB NSCLC and consisted of the following prognostic factors: age, race, sex, primary labeled, pathology, T stage, whether to receive surgery, whether to receive radiotherapy, and whether to receive chemotherapy. The C‐index in the training and validation sets for the nomogram was 0.672 (95% CI: 0.661–0.683) and 0.675 (95% CI: 0.656–0.694), respectively. According to scores of the nomogram, patients in the complete set, validation set, and training set were classified into two risk groups, low risk and high risk.ConclusionsWe developed the first validated nomogram to estimate the OS of patients with stage IIIB NSCLC. The nomogram was based on nine prognostic factors and provided an individualized risk estimate of 3‐year and 5‐year OS survival in patients with stage IIIB NSCLC.
Why look at dead animals?
Authors: Coughlin Maura 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLion Attacking a Dromedary was a sensational object for its first viewers at the Paris Universal Exposition in 1867. As an entity or thing, it provoked a powerfully visceral response and, as the current essay explores, it remains a difficult object to view or display today. As we now know, the Verreaux brothers embedded human remains in the figure of the rider that had formerly been assumed to be just a clothed mannequin. (I have elected to exclude any image of this controversial diorama containing human and other animal remains because it is not necessary for this theoretical inquiry). This essay suggests that theoretical tools derived from Material Ecocriticism and Monster Theory that may help us to think about, or alongside, the affective power of this disturbing taxidermy assemblage, ever aware that this piece draws its power from the theatrical, colonial violence of extraction and extinction.
…And the pursuit of happiness: International migratory flows and countries' subjective well‐being
Authors: Navarro‐Azorín José Miguel , Ramos‐Parreño José María 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis research considers observed migratory flows as a source of information for the preferences of individuals. Using data on global migration flows from 2005 onwards, the extent to which the structure of the international migration system is consistent with an implicit ranking of countries is examined. Moreover, by assuming that migrants' decision‐making is guided by utility maximization, we interpret the scores of the ranking as a measure of subjective well‐being or happiness. After this, the estimated scores are associated with a set of factors usually considered key drivers of happiness. Empirical results suggest that income is the most relevant predictor of happiness and this relationship is non‐linear.
Cross‐Border Knowledge Transfer in the Digital Age: The Final Curtain Call for Long‐Term International Assignments?
Authors: Bucher Jana , Bader Benjamin , Deller Jürgen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDigital technology has altered how multinational companies (MNCs) transfer knowledge across borders. With digital communication media (DCM), knowledge exchange can become more cost‐effective, thereby reducing the need for face‐to‐face exchange. DCM's influence on long‐term international assignment management for cross‐border knowledge transfer remains unclear. Based on 71 interviews with German human resource (HR) managers and subsidiary HR counterparts, we investigated the use of DCM to exchange knowledge across country borders. Exploring these conditions alongside HR managers’ unique perspective on global mobility management prior to and during the global COVID‐19 pandemic, we present two major findings. First, 12 facilitating conditions are necessary for digital knowledge transfer across borders to be accepted as a valuable alternative to long‐term international assignments. Second, we identified individual connections between facilitating conditions and found that five conditions decreased in relevance, while the remaining seven became core aspects of successful digital knowledge transfer during COVID‐19 and possibly beyond.
Cognitive and executive impairments in Parkinson’s disease psychosis: a Bayesian meta-analysis
Authors: Pisani Sara , Gosse Luca , Wieretilo Rita , Ffytche Dominic , Velayudhan Latha , Bhattacharyya Sagnik 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundCognitive and executive deficits lead to worsening of quality of life and are a risk factor for developing dementia in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) with psychosis (PDP). However, which key cognitive domains are differentially affected in PDP compared with those without (PDnP), remains unclear. Here, we examined this using a Bayesian meta-analytical approach.MethodsSearches were conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Medline and PsycINFO. Hedges’ g effect-size estimates were extracted from eligible studies as a measure of standard mean differences between PDP and PDnP participants. Meta-analyses were conducted separately for each cognitive domain and subdomain, we examined the effect of age, PD medications, PD duration and severity, depression and psychosis severity for all major domains with meta-regressions.ResultsEffect-size estimates suggest worse performance on all major domains (k=105 studies) in PDP compared with PDnP participants, with global cognition (k=103 studies, g=−0.57), processing speed (k=29 studies, g=−0.58), executive functions (k=33, g=−0.56), episodic memory (k=30 studies, g=−0.58) and perception (k=34 studies, g=−0.55) as the most likely affected domains. Age, depression and PD duration had moderating effects on task-related performance across most of the major nine domains.ConclusionsWe report extensive deficits across nine domains as well as subdomains in PD psychosis, with global cognition, processing speed and executive functions as the most likely impaired. The presence of depression may influence task-related performance in PDP, alongside age and PD duration, but not dose of dopamine replacement treatments.
Genomic analysis of Enterococcus faecium strain RAOG174 associated with acute chorioamnionitis carried antibiotic resistance gene: is it time for precise microbiological identification for appropriate antibiotic use?
Authors: Pongchaikul Pisut , Romero Roberto , Mongkolsuk Paninee , Vivithanaporn Pornpun , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Nitayanon Perapon , Thaipisuttikul Iyarit , Kamlungkuea Threebhorn , Singsaneh Arunee , Santanirand Pitak , Chaemsaithong Piya 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Preterm labor syndrome is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality, and intra-amniotic infection is a cause of preterm labor. The standard identification of causative microorganisms is based on the use of biochemical phenotypes, together with broth dilution-based antibiotic susceptibility from organisms grown in culture. However, such methods could not provide an accurate epidemiological aspect and a genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance leading to an inappropriate antibiotic administration. Hybrid genome assembly is a combination of short- and long-read sequencing, which provides better genomic resolution and completeness for genotypic identification and characterization. Herein, we performed a hybrid whole genome assembly sequencing of a pathogen associated with acute histologic chorioamnionitis in women presenting with PPROM.

Results
We identified Enterococcus faecium, namely E. faecium strain RAOG174, with several antibiotic resistance genes, including vancomycin and aminoglycoside. Virulence-associated genes and potential bacteriophage were also identified in this genome.

Conclusion
We report herein the first study demonstrating the use of hybrid genome assembly and genomic analysis to identify E. faecium ST17 as a pathogen associated with acute histologic chorioamnionitis. The analysis provided several antibiotic resistance-associated genes/mutations and mobile genetic elements. The occurrence of E. faecium ST17 raised the awareness of the colonization of clinically relevant E. faecium and the carrying of antibiotic resistance. This finding has brought the advantages of genomic approach in the identification of the bacterial species and antibiotic resistance gene for E. faecium for appropriate antibiotic use to improve maternal and neonatal care.
Rhomboid intercostal block versus serratus block for postoperative analgesia after thoracoscopic sympathectomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elhouty Mohamed G. , Elbahrawy Khaled , Elawady Mostafa S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Although thoracoscopic sympathectomy is made via small incisions, it is associated with severe postoperative pain. Both Rhomboid intercostal block (RIB) and serratus anterior plane block (SABP) are recent techniques used for pain control after such procedures. Herein, we compared RIB and SAPB regarding pain control in patients undergoing thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis.

Patients and methods
Three groups were enrolled in this prospective randomized study (71 patients in each group); Group S received SAPB, Group R received RIB and Group C as controls. The block procedures were performed after general anesthesia and prior to the skin incision.

Results
The three groups showed comparable demographics and operative time (P ˃ 0.05). Pain scores showed a significant decline with the two block procedures compared to controls during the first day following surgery (both P ˂ 0.05), but Group R had better scores compared to Group S. Both block techniques were associated with a significant prolongation of the time to first rescue analgesic and less fentanyl consumption compared to controls (both P ˂ 0.05). However, both parameters were improved with RIB rather than SAPB (both P ˂ 0.05). Both blocks led to a significant improvement in patient satisfaction than in the control group (both P ˂ 0.05), but it was comparable between the two approaches (P ˃ 0.05).

Conclusion
Both RIB and SAPB are safe and effective in pain reduction after thoracoscopic sympathectomy procedures in patients with hyperhidrosis. Moreover, RIB is superior to SAPB as it is associated with better analgesic outcomes.

Trial registration
Pan African Trial Registry PACTR202203766891354. https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Researcher/TrialRegister.aspx?TrialID=21522
Barriers and facilitators of adherence to awake prone positioning: a qualitative study using the COM-B model
Authors: Zhu Lingli , Ni Zijun , Zhang Yuping , Zhan Yang , Lan Meijuan , Zhao Ruiyi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAwake prone positioning (APP) is a recommended therapy for non-intubated ARDS patients, but adherence can be challenging. Understanding the barriers and facilitators of adherence to APP is essential to increase the adherence of therapy and improve patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of adherence to awake prone ventilation using a qualitative approach and the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model.MethodsSemi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with patients involved in awake prone ventilation. Data were analyzed using an adapted inductive thematical approach and mapped onto the COM-B model to identify barriers and facilitators to adherence of APP.ResultsNineteen patients were interviewed (aged 55–92 years). Fifteen themes were identified and mapped directly on to the six COM-B constructs, with “physical challenges” related to physical capability being the primary barrier. These COM-B sub-items reflected five other barriers, including low self-efficacy(M), treatment environment(O), availability of time(O), misconceptions about the treatment(C), and insufficient knowledge(C). Key facilitators in adhering to APP were ability to identify and overcome obstacles(C), availability and affordability of treatment(O), family influences(O), beliefs and trust in treatment(M), fear about the disease(M), and perceived benefits(M). In addition, three factors played the role of both facilitator and barrier, such as media influences(O), healthcare influences(O), and behavioral habits(M).ConclusionThe COM-B model was proved to be a useful framework for identifying the barriers and facilitators of adherence to awake prone ventilation. The findings suggest that adherence behavior is a dynamic and balanced process and interventions aimed at improving adherence to APP should address the barriers related to capability, opportunity, and motivation. Healthcare providers should focus on providing proper guidance and training, creating a comfortable environment, and offering social support to improve patients’ capability and opportunity. Additionally, promoting patients’ positive beliefs and attitudes towards the treatment and addressing misconceptions and fears can further enhance patients’ motivation to adhere to the treatment plan.