bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of two point-of-care tests for COVID-19 when used in symptomatic patients in community settings in the UK primary care COVID diagnostic accuracy platform trial (RAPTOR-C19)
Authors: Nicholson Brian D. , Turner Philip J. , Fanshawe Thomas R. , Williams Alice J. , Amirthalingam Gayatri , Tonner Sharon , Zambon Maria , Body Richard , Davies Kerrie , Perera Rafael , de Lusignan Simon , Hayward Gail N. , Hobbs F.D. Richard ,   on behalf of the RAPTOR-C19 Study Group and the CONDOR Steering Committee
Published: July 2023

Background and objective
Point-of-care lateral flow device antigen testing has been used extensively to identify individuals with active SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two point-of-care tests (POCTs) for SARS-CoV-2 in routine community care.

Methods
Adults and children with symptoms consistent with suspected current COVID-19 infection were prospectively recruited from 19 UK general practices and two COVID-19 testing centres between October 2020 and October 2021. Participants were tested by trained healthcare workers using at least one of two index POCTs (Roche-branded SD Biosensor Standard™ Q SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test and/or BD Veritor™ System for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2). The reference standard was laboratory triplex reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) using a combined nasal/oropharyngeal swab. Diagnostic accuracy parameters were estimated, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), overall, in relation to RT-PCR cycle threshold and in pre-specified subgroups.

Results
Of 663 participants included in the primary analysis, 39.2% (260/663, 95% CI 35.5% to 43.0%) had a positive RT-PCR result. The SD Biosensor POCT had sensitivity 84.0% (178/212, 78.3% to 88.6%) and specificity 98.5% (328/333, 96.5% to 99.5%), and the BD Veritor POCT had sensitivity 76.5% (127/166, 69.3% to 82.7%) and specificity 98.8% (249/252, 96.6% to 99.8%) compared with RT-PCR. Sensitivity of both devices dropped substantially at cycle thresholds ≥30 and in participants more than 7 days after onset of symptoms.

Conclusions
Both POCTs assessed exceed the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency target product profile’s minimum acceptable specificity of 95%. Confidence intervals for both tests include the minimum acceptable sensitivity of 80%. In symptomatic patients, negative results on these two POCTs do not preclude the possibility of infection. Tests should not be expected to reliably detect disease more than a week after symptom onset, when viral load may be reduced.

Registration
ISRCTN142269.
Change management in higher education: A sequential mixed methods study exploring employees’ perception
Authors: Ezzeddine Rima , Otaki Farah , Darwish Sohaib , AlGurg Reem 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundHigher education institutions need to put change management as a pivotal part of their strategy. The challenge is to effectively contextualize existing change management models to the respective work environment. Failing to properly adapt existing models to match the intricacies of the environment could lead to plenty of setbacks. For such a contextualization to take place, gauging employees’ engagement and satisfaction becomes of paramount importance. As such, the overall purpose of the current study is to explore the perception of employees of a medical and health sciences university in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, in relation to change management and agility, and to showcase how the captured perspectives can be systemically interpreted to inform decision-making in the context of the study.MethodThis research study relied on a sequential mixed methods design, which started with an exploration of the perception of Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU) leaders. Qualitative data was collected through a focus group session and was inductively analysed (based on constructivist epistemology). The output of the qualitative analysis contributed to the development of the quantitative data collection tool. The quantitative data was analysed by SPSS-version-27.FindingsThe qualitative analysis generated three key themes: Trigger, Execution, and Results, along with a thorough outline of lessons learned and opportunities for improvement. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability score was 92.8%. The percentage of the total average of agreement was 72.3%, and it appeared that 83.2% of the variance can be explained by the instrument (p<0.001).ConclusionThe current study generated a novel conceptual framework that can be leveraged by educational leadership and administration to reinforce their decisions and optimize their agility in terms of managing change. The study also introduces a data collection tool which captures the perception of higher education stakeholders regarding the way their respective institutions handle change. This tool proved to be reliable and valid in the context of the study.
Drug Development and Discovery (D3)
Authors: TUYISHIME Honnête Samuel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives: In drug research and development whereby, the patient is the main focus, the mission is to overcome the disease and improve the quality of life. The process is designed to ensure that the newly produced medicines are SAFE, EFFECTIVE, and available for the patient in a brief period. As per FDA, drug development and discovery involve five main steps: discovery and development, preclinical research, clinical research, FDA review, and FDA post-market safety and monitoring.
With several disease outbreaks, drug discovery, and development has been essential tool in saving lives and ensuring the standard health status. Through research, it brings new drugs into the market against targeted diseases. With the aim of D3, the drugs are assessed under surveillance and monitoring to ensure their safety and efficacy.

Methods: Several methods have been generated to develop drugs in a brief period. Following the FDA process of drug development and discovery, a technological method is set per each step, these include computerized methods like High-throughput screening and Computer-based design used in designing a drug hit candidate and the use of pharmacological software to study the mechanism of action of the disease as well as the effectiveness and metabolism of the drug.

Results: Different studies show that research and development of drugs through drug discovery has been an essential tool in ensuring a better quality of life. It helps us understand the health condition allowing us to design drugs for newly occurring diseases and even previously untreatable conditions.

Conclusion: To play a vital role in saving lives and ensuring the best health status, it is important to understand the process of D3. FDA uses the data provided in the process to decide on different complications found in both prescribed and OTC drugs, hence controlling the serious adverse effects. This improves the process functioning as well as raises the quality of research and development.
METHODOLOGY OF THE HYBRID PROPULSION SYSTEM (DMP & DEP) FOR TRIMARAN TYPE FAST PATROL BOAT
Authors: Widyandari Aulia , Wahyudi Dedy 
Published: July 2023

There are lot of research done to develop a patrol boat, from the modification of hull model until propulsion system equipment. For example the model ship type AMV (Advanced Marine Vehicle) was developed starting from the Catamaran, Trimaran and Pentamaran model. Everything is aimed at obtaining the ship design that has the speed and stability. In addition to achieving high-speed vessel must be equipped with propulsion (Main Power) is great, that means the main engine dimensions, auxiliary equipments and fuel tanks is too large. Many Limitations of space on the ship's engine room trimaran vessel is the main obstacle in designing propulsion system. Beside that Patrol boat should have many missions speed, so propulsion system should be designed at that conditions. Hybrid propulsion is a combination of Diesel Mechanical Propulsion (DMP) with Diesel Electric Propulsion (DEP). DMP system is connected directly to the propeller shaft (or through a reduction-gear). DMP has provide more efficiency rate of 95%. While DEP is only able to provide efficiency by 85% - 89% is slightly lower than DMP, but the DEP offers many advantages such as simplicity and suitability in the rotational speed settings, control systems, engine power production Redundancy, Flexibility in the design of equipments layout in engine rooms, noise, vibration and fuel consumption efficiency which affects the lower pollution. Design of Hybrid Propulsion system can be satisfied and achieved the Power requirements and optimally at all speed condition of patrol boat. Therefore the author made using modeling Maxsurf-11.12 software and carried out various optimization of the choice of main engine, propeller and system conditions for fast patrol boat cruise.
Development of Learning Media Based on Car Racing Games In Mandarin Subjects For Class X Pangudi Luhur Don Bosko High School Semarang
Authors: Prasetyo Anggi Novita Sari , Anggraeni Anggraeni , Supriatnaningsih Rina , Siregar Sheyra Silvia 
Published: July 2023

By promoting fun and exciting learning, researchers develop a product that can be used in the teaching and learning process with a view to increasing the learning motivation of all students in learning and assisting eduacators in making it easier for an educator to deliver lessons. The purpose of this study is 1) to describe the result of the analysis of the needs of students and teacher on the development of car racing game media in Mandarin class in X class at Pangudi Luhur Don Bosko high school 2) to describe the prototype of the development of car racing game media in X class at Pangudi Luhur Don Bosko high school 3) to describe the result of expert validation on the development of car racing game media in X class at Pangudi Luhur Don Bosko high school developed by researchers. The study uses research and development methods with five stages, namely 1. Potential problems, 2. Data collection, 3. Product design, 4. Product validation, 5. Product revision. From the results of the analysis of interviews with subject teachers and analysis of needs questionnaires student agree with development of game- based learning media that are creative, effective and fun. The validation result show that the car racing game-based learning media gets an average score of 87 from media expert and 87,5 from material expert, both of which show a score of 4 which means the media is very feasible to use. The media is then corrected according to suggestions and input from expert.
COEXISTENCE OF LICHEN PLANUS AND COVID-19
Authors: OĞUZ Işıl Deniz , AKŞAN Burak , YILMAZ Kıvanç 
Published: July 2023

COVID-19 may cause some skin symptoms. Maculopapular
eruptions, erythema of acral areas with
vesicles or pustules, urticarial lesions, monomorphic
vesicular eruptions, truncal or acral livedoid or necrotic
lesions are the most commonly reported skin conditions.
There are a few case reports of lichen planus
following COVID-19 infection. We also would like to
present a patient with lichen planus after COVID-19
infection.
Socioeconomic Status Affects Postoperative Time to Union in Pediatric Patients with a Surgically Treated Fracture
Authors: Heath David M. , Ghali Abdullah N. , Momtaz David A. , Nagel Sarah , Gonuguntla Rishi , Menon Shwetha , Krishnakumar Hari N. , Landrum Matthew R. , Hogue Grant D. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Fractures account for 10% to 25% of all pediatric injuries, and surgical treatment is common. In such cases, postoperative healing can be affected by a number of factors, including those related to socioeconomic status (SES). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between time to fracture union and SES, which was measured with use of the median household income (MHI) and Child Opportunity Index (COI).

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted of pediatric patients with a long-bone fracture that had been surgically treated at a Level-I pediatric trauma center between January 2010 and June 2020. Demographic and relevant medical data were collected. Patients were sorted into union and nonunion groups. The ZIP code of each patient was collected and the MHI and COI of that ZIP code were identified. Income brackets were created in increments of $10,000 ranging from $20,000 to $100,000, with an additional category of >$100,000, and patients were sorted into these groups according to MHI. Comparisons among the income groups and among the union status groups were conducted for each of the collected variables. A multiple regression analysis was utilized to determine the independent effect of each variable on time to union.

Results:
A total of 395 patients were included in the final sample, of whom 51% identified as Hispanic. Patients in the union group had a higher mean COI and MHI. Nonunion occurred in only 8 patients. Patients who achieved fracture union in ≤4 months had a significantly higher mean COI and MHI. When controlling for other demographic variables, the time to union increased by a mean of 9.6 days for every $10,000 decrease in MHI and increased by a mean of 6.8 days for every 10-unit decrease in the COI.

Conclusions:
The present study is the first, to our knowledge, to investigate the relationship between SES and time to fracture union in pediatric patients. When controlling for other demographic factors, we found a significant relationship between SES and time to union in pediatric patients with a surgically treated fracture. Further investigations of the relationship between SES and time to union in pediatric patients are needed to determine potential mechanisms for this relationship.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
There and Back Again: Recycling of the Appalachian Signature in DZ U-Pb Records of Phanerozoic North America
Authors: Allred Isaac J. , Blum Michael D. , Frederick Bruce C. , Wahbi Abdullah M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Continental-scale recycling of detrital zircon (DZ) grains and associated sediment across North American is not well understood. We trace a through line following the DZ proxy for the detritus originally sourced from Grenville and Appalachian orogens. This paper lays out an antecedent framework for one of the greatest sedimentation episodes of the Phanerozoic: the initial dispersal of Appalachian- and Grenville-age DZ grains to the western passive margin of Laurentia and the subsequent paleodrainage reorganization and sediment remobilization back to the east. The DZ U-Pb signature of the Appalachian-Ouachita orogenic system is dominated by Grenville (ca. 1250–950 Ma) and Appalachian (ca. 500–275 Ma) age groups and dominates the Phanerozoic record of North America. This study juxtaposes Pennsylvanian to modern DZ U-Pb data from across North America and demonstrates a persistent Appalachian signature, including a recycled Appalachian signature across Western North America. Lower Pennsylvanian deposits proximal to the Appalachian orogen are 50%–75% Appalachian- and Grenville-age DZ grains, representing the key component in the primary Appalachian signature. It remains unclear how the Appalachian signal was propagated to the west, but the Appalachian DZ signature was clearly present across the late Paleozoic passive margin of Laurentia and thus antecedent to potential DZ recycling throughout the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras. Triassic DZ samples document transcontinental fluvial systems that reached the western Laurentian margin, but subsequent Jurassic-Cretaceous samples indicate drainage reversal due to the rise of the Mesozoic Western Cordillera. A persistent Appalachian signature exists in these western-sourced, eastward-flowing systems—a phenomenon that continues to the present: samples are frequently composed of &gt;40% Appalachian- and Grenville-age DZ. However, none of these systems are interpreted to be sourced by primary Appalachian or Grenville terranes, suggesting a recycled Appalachian signature. The persistent Appalachian signature, originally sourced by the linking of two orogenic terranes, continues to dominate the Phanerozoic record of much of North America to this day.
Brains vs Brawn: Relative brain size is sexually dimorphic amongst weapon bearing ruminants
Authors: Lopez Nicole , Tupas Jonathon Moore , Stankowich Theodore 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Here, we investigate the relationship between relative brain size and sexual weapons in ruminants. In most cases, sexual weaponry is heavily male-biased, and costs resulting from growing, maintaining, or wielding weapons will be suffered primarily by males. We used comparative phylogenetic analyses to test whether increased investment in sexual weapon size (tusks, antlers, and horns) across four families (Tragulidae, Moschidae, Cervidae, and Bovidae) was associated with decrease in relative brain size, and whether the difference in weapon investment relative to conspecific females led to sexual differences in relative brain size. We found no relationship between relative brain size and relative weapon size within males or females, but when we compared males directly to conspecific females, we found that as males possessed larger weaponry, they had smaller brain sizes, regardless of weapon type. Our finding suggest male investment in some types of elaborate weapons could be related to male reduction in larger brains.
Effect of pretreatment with Trichoderma sp. AH on the structure of rice and wheat straw
Authors: Yan Chuan-Yong , Zheng Quan-Xi , Zhu Mu-Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Trichoderma sp. AH, pre-treatment (PT) enhances the conversion and selectivity of RS and WS in supercritical methanolysis. In this work, we investigated how Trichoderma sp. AH-containing PT affected the structure of wheat straw (WS) and rice wheat (RS). The enhanced straws supercritical methanolysis was mostly ascribed to structural changes in RS and WS during PT based on thorough investigations by thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric (TG/DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The TG/DTG study revealed that PT could only partially degrade RS and WS without significantly changing the make-up of their group. PT is effective at breaking the structure because XRD research showed that it could only somewhat alterthe crystal structure of RS and WS, decreasing their crystallinity. The primary way that PT affects RS and WS is by the decrystallization of cellulose and hemicelluloses into amorphous material. The comparative concentrations of certain of these molecules are altered by PT, according to XPS examination of these compounds. PT is an efficient biomassliquefaction preparation that minimizes carbohydrate loss by disrupting the structure of the biomass.
Effects of Vitamin D Levels on IVF Outcomes in Infertile Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Tunçcan Emre , Mohri Parsa , Dikeç Mirkan , Karaawi Fatimah , Kazaz Elif , Kocatepe Cavit , Dokuzlu Gizem , Korun Zeynep Ece Utkan , Tıraş Bülent , Çakıroğlu Ahmet Yiğit 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D is known to have various roles in different stages of reproduction, and abnormalities in its levels are observed in many diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aimed to determine the relationship between the outcomes of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures with respect to the initial vitamin D levels among patients diagnosed with PCOS.
Methods
This study was designed as a case-control study of 1174 PCOS patients who consulted Acıbadem Maslak Hospital IVF Clinic between January 2015 – September 2022. The effect of vitamin D levels on IVF outcomes of PCOS patients was investigated. Data analysis explored initial vitamin D levels’ correlation with IVF outcomes with SigmaPlot 14.5.
Results
We observed a correlation between the patient's initial vitamin D status and positive clinical pregnancy rates (p = 0.002) as well as increased endometrial thickness on hCG day (p = < 0.001). The cut-off value of vitamin D level for a positive hCG test was calculated as 13.24 ng/mL. No association was seen between the patient’s initial vitamin D status, and the IVF outcomes, the number of embryos, or miscarriage rates.
Conclusions
Observing increased positive hCG tests generated promising findings, as it indicates that the PCOS patients’ initial vitamin D status can influence supplementation efforts as their final pregnancy results were significantly impacted. Conclusively, it may be said that patients having vitamin D values above 13.24 ng/mL are more likely to get a positive hCG result after IVF procedures.
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and measures of central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness among multiethnic Chicago residents
Authors: Tasmin Saira , Aschebrook-Kilfoy Briseis , Hedeker Donald , Gopalakrishnan Rajan , Stepniak Elizabeth , Kibriya Muhammad G. , Young Michael T. , Kaufman Joel D. , Ahsan Habibul 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To examine whether air pollution exposure is associated with central hemodynamic and brachial artery stiffness parameters.
Methods
We assessed central hemodynamic parameters, brachial artery stiffness measures [including brachial artery distensibility (BAD), compliance (BAC), and resistance (BAR)] using waveform analysis of the arterial pressure signals obtained from a standard cuff sphygmomanometer (DynaPulse2000A, San Diego, CA). The long-term exposures to particles with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for the 3-year periods prior to enrollment were estimated at residential addresses using fine-scale intra-urban spatiotemporal models. Linear mixed models adjusted for potential confounders were used to examine associations between air pollution exposures and health outcomes.
Results
The cross-sectional study included 2,387 Chicago residents (76% African Americans) enrolled in the ChicagO Multiethnic Prevention And Surveillance Study (COMPASS) during 2013–2018 with validated address information, PM2.5 or NO2, key covariates, and hemodynamics measurements. We observed long-term concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 to be positively associated with central systolic, pulse pressure and BAR, and negatively associated with BAD, and BAC after adjusting for relevant covariates. A 1-µg/m3 increment in preceding 3-year exposures to PM2.5 was associated with 1.8 mmHg higher central systolic (95% CI: 0.98, 4.16), 1.0 mmHg higher central pulse pressure (95% CI: 0.42, 2.87), a 0.56%mmHg lower BAD (95% CI: -0.81, -0.30), and a 0.009 mL/mmHg lower BAC (95% CI: -0.01, -0.01).
Conclusion
This population-based study provides evidence that long-term exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 is related to central BP and arterial stiffness parameters, especially among African Americans.