bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insect Frass as a Novel Organic Soil Fertilizer for the Cultivation of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea): Effects on Soil Properties, Plant Physiological Parameters, and Nutrient Status
Authors: Antoniadis Vasileios , Molla Aikaterini , Grammenou Aspasia , Apostolidis Vasileios , Athanassiou Christos G. , Rumbos Christos I. , Levizou Efi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract Soils naturally low in organic matter need to be amended with recycled organic materials that would boost soil health. In this work, we tested insect frass, the excrements of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, as a novel organic soil amendment in a spinach cultivation. In a 60-day pot experiment with spinach (Spinacia oleracea), we added frass at rates of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1%, as well as an inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizer as a positive control. We found that organic matter increased significantly from 2.7% in the unamended control to 3.2% in the treatment of 1% frass, showing that frass has a valuable role in boosting soil carbon (C). Also with increasing frass rates, N uptake by plant was enhanced, due to the fact that nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remained unchanged. These findings exhibit the fact that added N was utilized satisfactorily. However, frass effectiveness was not successful in the case of added P and K: the likely reason is the already very high P and K available contents in the unamended soil. Spinach growth was significantly favored by the amendment of frass in a rate-dependent manner: the higher biomass accumulation was found under 1% frass—six-fold higher than NC, while even at 0.25% the yield was significantly higher. Plants at this treatment had the highest chlorophyll a + b content throughout the course of the experiment and also exhibited the highest photosynthetic efficiency and performance of the plant photosynthetic apparatus under frass treatments. The index of total photosynthetic efficiency (PItotal) also fared better in the frass-added treatments upwards from 0.25%. We conclude that frass is a highly valuable soil conditioner, given the amble organic C and N that adds to soil, resulting in boosted growth of spinach. As this report is a preliminary study, we suggest that future works should expand frass testing to (a) more plants, where a series of important plant physiology features must be evaluated, and (b) the role of frass in trace element availability.
Clinical experience and complications with limited pleural dissection combined with a novel, simplified technique for thoracic Redon-like drain in vertebral body tethering
Authors: Courvoisier Aurélien , Maximin Marie-Christine , Daniel Olivier , Gouron Richard , Evain Jean-Noël , Baroncini Alice 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To report on our experience with a simplified, suction-bottle-drain technique of thoracic drain (Redon-like) combined with fully thoracoscopic vertebral body tethering (VBT) and a limited pleural approach, with particular focus on the rate of pulmonary complications.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed on all consecutive patients who underwent VBT for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. For all subjects, a 10G Redon drain, an active drain system consisting of a perforated tube and a suction bottle, was placed intrathoracically and tunneled under the skin. All drains were removed on the first postoperative day. Perioperative and postoperative data such as type of access, length of surgery, amount of fluid collection in the drain, and length of hospital stay were collected. The type and number of pulmonary complications occurring in the first 3 months after surgery, along with their symptoms and management, were recorded.

Results
One Hundred eighty-two patients were included in the analysis. The mean length of surgery was 97 min (75–120). The average fluid collection in the drain was 30 ml (5–50), the mean length of hospital stay was 3 days (2–4). During the observation period, pulmonary complications occurred in five patients (2%). Two patients presented an aseptic right pleural effusion; for two patients, a residual pneumothorax was diagnosed on the X-rays in the recovery room and one patient developed a chylothorax. All patients recovered without sequelae.

Conclusion
The simplified, Redon-like drain combined with a fully thoracoscopic VBT and limited pleural approach seems a safe and effective alternative to the chest drain. This technique allows to remove the drain on the first postoperative day, thus simplifying the management of the patients and improving their comfort.
Challenges of current treatment and exploring the future prospects of nanoformulations for treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kakkar Vandita , Saini Komal , Singh Kamalinder K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a predominant and deteriorating chronic inflammation of the skin, categorized by a burning sensation and eczematous lesions in diverse portions of the body. The treatment of AD is exclusively focused to limit the itching, reduce inflammation, and repair the breached barrier of the skin. Several therapeutic agents for the treatment and management of AD have been reported and are in use in clinics. However, the topical treatment of AD has been an unswerving challenge for the medical fraternity owing to the impaired skin barrier function in this chronic skin condition. To surmount the problems of conventional drug delivery systems, numerous nanotechnology-based formulations are emerging as alternative new modalities for AD. Latter enhances the bioavailability and delivery to the target disease site, improves drug permeation and therapeutic efficacy with reduced systemic and off-target side effects, and thus improves patient health and promotes compliance. This review aims to describe the various pathophysiological events involved in the occurrence of AD, current challenges in treatment, evidence of molecular markers of AD and its management, combinatorial treatment options, and the intervention of nanotechnology-based formulations for AD therapeutics.Graphical abstract
Time-Dependent Increase in Medial Meniscus Extrusion Predicts the Need for Meniscal Repair in Patients with Partial Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Kawada Koki , Furumatsu Takayuki , Tamura Masanori , Xue Haowei , Higashihara Naohiro , Kintaka Keisuke , Yokoyama Yusuke , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to compare medial meniscus extrusion (MME) in patients with partial medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conducted at two-time points and to determine whether patient characteristics or MME measurements differ in patients who respond to nonoperative treatment compared with those who require surgical treatment.

Methods
Thirty-seven patients with partial MMPRTs underwent two MRI scans during nonoperative management or before pull-out repair. Among these, 17 patients received nonoperative management, and 20 underwent pull-out repair. Partial MMPRTs were diagnosed based on the MRI findings. MME measurements were performed on both MRI scans. Statistical and receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses were performed.

Results
The duration between the two MRI scans was significantly shorter in the pull-out repair group than in the nonoperative management group. The increase in MME (ΔMME) on MRI scans was significantly greater in the pull-out repair group than in the nonoperative management group. Linear regression analysis revealed a weak correlation between the MRI interval and ΔMME in the nonoperative management group and a moderate correlation in the pull-out repair group. In the ROC construction, the cut-off value for ΔMME that requires surgical intervention was 0.41 mm, with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.0% and 52.9%, respectively.

Conclusion
Patients with partial MMPRTs requiring surgical treatment had greater MME progression in a shorter time and a time-dependent increase in MME. Therefore, a ΔMME of ≥ 0.41 mm may be useful in deciding surgical intervention based on MRI retests.

Level of evidence
III.
Multi-Symplectic Simulation on Soliton-Collision for Nonlinear Perturbed Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Zhang Peijun , Hu Weipeng , Wang Zhen , Qiao Zhijun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeeking solitary wave solutions and revealing their interactional characteristics for nonlinear evolution equations help us lot to comprehend the motion laws of the microparticles. As a local nonlinear dynamic behavior, the soliton-collision is difficult to be reproduced numerically. In this paper, the soliton-collision process in the nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equation is simulated employing the multi-symplectic method. The multi-symplectic formulations are derived including the multi-symplectic form and three local conservation laws of the nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equation. Employing the implicit midpoint rule, we construct a multi-symplectic scheme, which is equivalent to the Preissmann box scheme, for the nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equation. The elegant structure-preserving properties of the multi-symplectic scheme are illustrated by the tiny maximum absolute residual of the discrete multi-symplectic structure at each time step in the numerical simulations. The effects of the perturbation strength on the soliton-collision in the nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equation are reported in the numerical results in detail.
Grading Embolization of Middle Meningeal Artery for Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Jai Shankar , Zul Kaderali 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT:Background and Purpose:Embolization of middle meningeal artery (EMMA) is a relatively new treatment for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). To date, an objective method that assesses or describes the extent of EMMA for the treatment of CSDH does not exist. Recently, the concept of a novel grading scale for EMMA in patients with CSDH has emerged. However, this has not been applied to a clinical case setting and inter-rater reliability has not yet been studied. The purpose of this study was to validate the grading scale in clinical practice and to assess for inter-rater reliability.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively examined consecutive patients who underwent EMMA for CSDH. Patients were included if the whole head angiogram from common carotid as well as external carotid arteries before and after EMMA were available in the arterial, capillary as well as venous phases. Two independent readers, each with more than 5 years of experience in independent practice, assessed the angiograms for the grading of EMMA and assigned a score ranging between 0 and 3. The grading score between the two readers were compared using Cohen’s Kappa score to assess the inter-rater reliability.Results:In 19 patients, we found that EMMA had no periprocedural morbidity and mortality. The number of cases in each EMMA grading score category are as follows: 0 n =1; 1 n =3; 2 n =1; and 3 n =10. There was substantial inter-rater reliability for the assessment of grading of EMMA (Kappa = 0.74).Conclusions:The novel EMMA grading scheme demonstrated substantial inter-rater reliability and appears promising.
The Fragility of Peace: Song China's Northwestern Frontier and Erosion of the Chanyuan Paradigm in the Mid-Eleventh Century
Authors: Smith Paul Jakov 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Chanyuan Covenant of 1005 that ended decades of war between Song and Liao precipitated a new political model that, from the Song perspective, exchanged wealth, territory, and dynastic pride in return for peace along the northern frontier, civilian sovereignty over a long-dominant military class, and the replacement of a culture of arms with the love of books. That “Chanyuan Paradigm” survived the Qingli war of 1040–1044 with the Tangut Xi Xia, but was steadily overturned in the expansionist wars promoted by Shenzong and his sons from 1068 through the fall of the Northern Song in 1127. This article argues that the fragility of the Chanyuan-style peace did not stem from the aspirations of a revanchist emperor and his confidantes, but was rather the consequence of the intrinsic difficulties of maintaining peace in a world of new players, internecine political contests, and shifting geopolitical alliances that characterized the mid-eleventh century.
A history of thalidomide in India
Authors: Wimmelbücker Ludger , Kar Anita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn contrast to the well-known stories of the embryotoxic drug, thalidomide, in countries where it was responsible for large numbers of birth defects, there is limited information on its history in India. Its presence before 2002, when the country issued the first marketing licence for a thalidomide-containing preparation, is assumed to be negligible. This article challenges this view by showing that the drug entered the Indian subcontinent through the former Portuguese territory of Goa around 1960. We examine the subsequent development of its distribution, use and regulation in India from the mid-1960s up to the present situation. Colonial legacies are a crucial explanation for the early appearance of thalidomide on the Indian subcontinent. They also influenced its re-emergence as drug for treating leprosy reactions in India after 1965. We identify key actors in this process: the original German producer that delivered thalidomide free of charge, European doctors who worked for international non-governmental organizations, the World Health Organization (WHO), which supported clinical trials and later discouraged the use of the drug, and finally the Indian state institutions that limited its distribution and later quickly opened the way for the private sector to produce and market thalidomide and its analogues. Finally, we discuss the risk of thalidomide-induced birth defects by casting a critical look on the present state of regulatory provisions and the monitoring of birth defects in India.
Fraud Transmission Mechanisms within Community: Peer Concealing and Hinting among Chinese Listed Corporations
Authors: Zhang Jing , Feng Yuan , Bai Yuntao , Lin Yongjian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe explored the transmission mechanisms of corporate fraud and its punishments within social network communities. Using fraud triangle theory and trust triangle theory, we hypothesize four transmitting channels of how fraud commission and detection are affected by peers’ fraud and punishment. Based on Chinese listed corporations from 2008 to 2018, we first construct and detect interlocked social network communities with a community-detecting algorithm, and then examine hypotheses using a bivariate probit model with partial observability. Our findings indicate that peer-concealing and -hinting effects exist within social network communities. The peer-concealing effect decreases the likelihood of being detected when committing fraud, for those with more and closer fraudulent peers. The peer-hinting effect increases the likelihood of being detected when committing fraud, for those with more and closer punished peers. There is no evidence to support peer-contagion and vicarious-punishment effects. Thus, an improved understanding of the transmission mechanism of corporate fraud commission and detection within communities is provided to prevent and detect corporate fraud. In addition, stakeholders and regulators should be aware of the deviant subculture and social distancing in social network communities.
Negotiating the norms of an international science: standardization work at the International Geological Congress, 1878–1891
Authors: Mougey Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the second half of the nineteenth century, geologists created the International Geological Congress (IGC) to achieve the methodological and terminological uniformity that they thought their science lacked. Their desire to standardize their practice and their use of the conference to do so was neither new nor unique. Although late nineteenth-century international conferences have been recognized as important arenas of standardization, relatively little is known of the ways in which conferences organized standardization negotiations. This article aims to fill this gap by exploring how the IGC practically and socially organized standardization work. It appears that the session hall was not the sole and not even the main stage of geological standard-setting. The standardization process was also enacted through comparative study and informal exchanges that regular visits to purpose-built comparative geological exhibitions made possible. Relying on a sophisticated apparatus of commissions and subcommittees, the IGC also socially organized standards negotiation beyond the space and time of the triennial sessions. By tracing the material, spatial and social practices engineered through the IGC to serve geological standardization, this article unboxes the conference process and in so doing enriches our understanding of the period's wave of standardization.
A fluke encounter: first record of the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) within the central North Sea, United Kingdom
Authors: Lavallin Edward , Øien Nils , Sears Richard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite holding the accolade as the largest animal ever to live on planet earth and ubiquitously inhabiting the world's major oceans, an acute paucity of information surrounds the geographical distribution and migration phenology of the endangered blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) in the northeast Atlantic. Current migration and distribution information derived from robust scientific studies is required to ensure the formulation and implementation of successful conservation measures with a vision to support the ongoing recovery of the northeast Atlantic population. At 10:21 (UTC) on the 9th of November 2020, two blue whales were observed at position 55°13.99′N, 01°13.62′W, 18 km off the coast of the UK in the central North Sea just north of Newcastle at a water depth of 76 m. This is the first paper that has confirmed an account of live blue whales frequenting shallow waters of the central North Sea and represents a new area of occurrence within the accepted range of the northeast Atlantic population, an area in which sightings are extremely rare and may provide insight into the intricacies of migration routes and behaviour.
Reasoning with reasons: Lewis on common knowledge
Authors: Vromen Huub 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDavid Lewis is widely regarded as the philosopher who introduced the concept of common knowledge. His account of common knowledge differs greatly from most later accounts in philosophy and economy, with the central notion of his theory being ‘having reason to believe’ rather than ‘knowledge’. Unfortunately, Lewis’s account is rather informal, and the argument has a few gaps. This paper assesses two major attempts to formalise Lewis’s account and argues that these formalisations are missing a crucial aspect of this account. Therefore, a new reconstruction is proposed, which explicitly discusses ‘reasons’ and uses a logic inspired by justification logic.
Re-assessing the role of peri-operative nutritional therapy in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing surgery: a narrative review
Authors: Bouloubasi Zoi , Karayiannis Dimitrios , Pafili Zoe , Almperti Avra , Nikolakopoulou Konstantina , Lakiotis Grigoris , Stylianidis George , Vougas Vasilios 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPancreatic cancer is the most common medical condition that requires pancreatic resection. Over the last three decades, significant improvements have been made in the conditions and procedures related to pancreatic surgery, resulting in mortality rates lower than 5%. However, it is important to note that the morbidity in pancreatic surgery remains r latively high, with a percentage range of 30–60%. Pre-operative malnutrition is considered to be an independent risk factor for post-operative complications in pancreatic surgery, such as impaired wound healing, higher infection rates, prolonged hospital stay, hospital readmission, poor prognosis, and increased morbidity and mortality. Regarding the post-operative period, it is crucial to provide the best possible management of gastrointestinal dysfunction and to handle the consequences of alterations in food digestion and nutrient absorption for those undergoing pancreatic surgery. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) suggests that early oral feeding should be the preferred way to initiate nourishing surgical patients as it is associated with lower rates of complications. However, there is ongoing debate about the optimal post-operative feeding approach. Several studies have shown that enteral nutrition is associated with a shorter time to recovery, superior clinical outcomes and biomarkers. On the other hand, recent data suggest that nutritional goals are better achieved with parenteral feeding, either exclusively or as a supplement. The current review highlights recommendations from existing evidence, including nutritional screening and assessment and pre/post-operative nutrition support fundamentals to improve patient outcomes. Key areas for improvement and opportunities to enhance guideline implementation are also highlighted.
Thermal Moonquake Characterization and Cataloging Using Frequency‐Based Algorithms and Stochastic Gradient Descent
Authors: Civilini F. , Weber R. , Husker A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThermal moonquakes are recurring seismic signals detected on the lunar surface that are temporally correlated with the lunar day‐night cycle, although their precise mechanism is not known. The Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment (LSPE) was a deployment of four geophones during the Apollo 17 mission to characterize the near‐surface structure of the landing site using explosive shots. The array was reactivated in passive recording mode several times after the mission was completed and recorded thousands of thermal moonquakes. In this study, we expand on an initial detection catalog and determine waveform parameters and source information for the seismic signals. We used a spectrogram‐based approach to obtain fine‐tuned arrival times, quantify the envelope length using emergence, and compute peak‐ground‐velocity. We obtain the incident azimuth direction by applying stochastic gradient descent to a travel‐time misfit equation. We found that thermal moonquakes are split into two main classes: (a) impulsive, high‐amplitude events that are produced by the lunar module descent vehicle located east of the LSPE array in response to rapid temperature transitions during sunrise and sunset and (b) emergent events, that are natural responses to incident sunlight whose duration is directly linked to the temperature of the regolith. We hypothesize that the correlation between temperature and emergence could be due to changes in regolith scattering or higher energy daytime events occurring further away.