bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies in Western Australia between 1980 and 2020: A population‐based study
Authors: MacArthur Cassandra , Hansen Michele , Baynam Gareth , Bower Carol , Kelty Erin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in screening and diagnostics have changed the way in which we identify and diagnose congenital anomalies.ObjectiveTo examine changes in rates of prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies over time and by demographic characteristics.MethodsWe undertook a population‐based retrospective cohort study of all children born in Western Australia between 1980 and 2020 and diagnosed with a congenital anomaly. Age at diagnosis (prenatal, neonatal, infancy, early childhood or childhood) prevalence (all‐type and type‐specific), and prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated. We fit joinpoint regression models to describe the average annual percentage change (APC) in prenatal diagnosis over time, and log‐binomial regression models to estimate the association between prenatal diagnosis and demographic characteristics.ResultsPrenatal diagnosis prevalence between the first (1980–1989: 28.3 per 10,000 births) and last (2005–2014: 156.1 per 10,000 births) decades of the study increased 5.5‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.0, 5.9). Substantial increases were observed for cardiovascular (PR 10.7, 95% CI 8.0, 14.6), urogenital (PR 10.5, 95% CI: 8.7, 12.6) and chromosomal anomalies (PR 7.0, 95% CI 5.9, 8.3). Prenatal diagnosis was positively associated with the birth year (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.04), advanced maternal age (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.11, 1.18), multiple anomalies (RR 2.86, 95% CI 2.77, 2.96) and major anomalies (RR 3.75, 95% CI 3.36, 4.19), and inversely associated with remoteness (RR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.95) and Aboriginality (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83, 0.97).ConclusionsIncreases in prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies were observed in Western Australia from 1980 to 2020, reflecting advances in screening. Prenatal diagnosis was less common in remote regions and in Aboriginal children, strengthening calls for increased provision of antenatal care services for these populations.
Considering management behaviours to identify vulnerable caregivers of persons with dementia
Authors: Wawrziczny Emilie , Nandrino Jean‐Louis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPersons with dementia gradually disengage from daily activities, and therefore require increasing daily support. Caregivers face a dilemma as to whether they should encourage the persons with dementia in terms of initiative and autonomy, or supervise and take charge of tasks, which may cause distress for both parties. This study seeks to better understand how caregivers manage the disengagement of the persons with dementia and the repercussions on their caregiving experience.MethodsA total of 217 caregivers participated. Their management behaviours and the characteristics of their caregiving experiences were assessed with questionnaires. A cluster analysis was first performed to identify possible profiles of management behaviours and comparison, which were then compared to identify the caregiving experience associated with each profile.ResultsThe first cluster (25.8% of the sample) corresponds to caregivers with high negative control behaviour scores and high positive stimulation behaviour scores; the second cluster (43.8% of the sample) corresponds to caregivers with low positive stimulation behaviour scores and high negative control behaviour scores; and the third cluster (30.4% of the sample) corresponds to caregivers with low negative control behaviour scores and high positive stimulation behaviour scores. Caregivers in Clusters 2 and 3 differ in terms of anxiety, depression, burden, gratification, health and financial problems. Cluster 1 is an intermediate profile with similar characteristics to Cluster 3.ConclusionsOur results support the idea of considering management behaviours to identify vulnerable caregivers and highlight the deleterious role of negative control behaviours, especially when they are not offset by positive protective stimulation behaviours.
Language Entails Linguistic Relativity
Authors: Enfield N. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis commentary addresses the challenge of linking an individual‐grounded theory of concepts to a phenomenon that assumes conceptual conventions at population level (linguistic relativity). We distinguish I‐concepts (individual, interior, imagistic) from L‐concepts (linguistic, labeled, local) and see that quite different causal processes are often conflated under the term “concepts.” I argue that the Grounded Cognition Model (GCM) entails linguistic relativity only to the extent that it imports L‐concepts into its scope, which it can hardly avoid doing given that practitioners require language to coordinate around their theory and findings. I conclude that what entails linguistic relativity is not the GCM but language itself.
Evaluation of Spray and Combustion Models for Simulating Dilute Combustion in a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine
Authors: Kim Joohan , Ameen Muhsin , Scarcelli Riccardo , Kim Namho , Singh Eshan , Sjöberg Magnus 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dilute combustion in spark-ignition engines has the potential to improve thermal efficiency by mitigating knock and by reducing throttling and wall heat losses. However, ignition and combustion processes can become unstable for dilute operation due to a lowered laminar flame speed, resulting in excessive cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) of the combustion process. To compensate for the slower combustion in less reactive mixtures, a modified intake port geometry can be employed to generate a strong tumble flow in the cylinder and elevate turbulence levels around the spark plug, thereby promoting a faster transition to turbulent deflagration. Consequently, optimizing combustion chamber geometry and operating strategy is crucial to maximizing the benefits of using dilute combustion with enhanced in-cylinder turbulence across a wide range of operating conditions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can be utilized for virtual engine optimization tasks, but this would require the models to be truly predictive regarding the impact of changes to the engine design and operational parameters.
In this study, multicycle large-eddy simulations (LES) are performed for a direct-injection spark-ignition engine to investigate the model performance in predicting engine combustion characteristics with respect to changes in the intake configuration. A tumble plate that blocks the lower part of the intake port inlet is used to vary the tumble. A set of CFD models that have been recently developed are employed, which takes into account the drag of nonspherical droplets, flash-boiling behavior of liquid sprays, spray-wall interaction, surrogate formulation of a research-grade E10 gasoline, and fast chemical kinetic solvers. Simulation results are compared to experimental engine data in terms of cylinder pressure, apparent heat release rate, mass fraction burned timing, and flame images. It is found that LES employing the state-of-the-art CFD models are capable of properly predicting the spray processes and reproducing the measured mean cylinder pressure for the case with the tumble plate. On the other hand, the LES over-predicts the combustion rate during the early combustion stage and under-estimates the CCV, and these discrepancies become larger when the tumble plate is removed.
Shear Wave-Induced Friction at Periodic Interfaces for Programmable Mechanical Responses
Authors: Patil Ganesh U. , Fantetti Alfredo , Matlack Kathryn H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear phononic materials enable superior wave responses by combining nonlinearity with their inherent periodicity, creating opportunities for the development of novel acoustic devices. However, the field has largely focused on reversible nonlinearities, whereas the role of hysteretic nonlinearity remains unexplored. In this work, we investigate nonlinear shear wave responses arising from the hysteretic nonlinearity of frictional rough contacts, and harness these responses to enable programmable functions. By using a numerical approach, we solve the strongly nonlinear problem of shear wave propagation through a single contact and a periodic array of contacts, accounting for frictional effects. Specifically, the Jenkin friction model with experimentally obtained properties is used to capture the effects of stick–slip transition at the contacts. Results show that friction gives rise to shear-polarized eigenstrains, which are residual static deformations within the system. We then demonstrate how eigenstrain generation in multiple contacts can enable programmable functionalities such as an acoustically controlled mechanical switch, precision position control, and surface reconfigurability. Overall, our findings open new avenues for designing smart materials and devices with advanced functionalities via acoustic waves using the hysteretic nonlinearity of frictional contacts.
Challenges and Opportunities for Machine Learning in Multiscale Computational Modeling
Authors: Nguyen Phong C. H. , Choi Joseph B. , Udaykumar H. S. , Baek Stephen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Many mechanical engineering applications call for multiscale computational modeling and simulation. However, solving for complex multiscale systems remains computationally onerous due to the high dimensionality of the solution space. Recently, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising solution that can either serve as a surrogate for, accelerate or augment traditional numerical methods. Pioneering work has demonstrated that ML provides solutions to governing systems of equations with comparable accuracy to those obtained using direct numerical methods, but with significantly faster computational speed. These high-speed, high-fidelity estimations can facilitate the solving of complex multiscale systems by providing a better initial solution to traditional solvers. This paper provides a perspective on the opportunities and challenges of using ML for complex multiscale modeling and simulation. We first outline the current state-of-the-art ML approaches for simulating multiscale systems and highlight some of the landmark developments. Next, we discuss current challenges for ML in multiscale computational modeling, such as the data and discretization dependence, interpretability, and data sharing and collaborative platform development. Finally, we suggest several potential research directions for the future.
An Approach to Analyzing and Comparing the Cooling Performance of Two Indirect Evaporative Cooler Designs
Authors: Salman Braihan Abdulwadood 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Energy-efficient air cooling systems are always in demand. Direct evaporative coolers are energy-saving and have low cost, but in hot and humid areas, they produce an almost uncomfortable environment. Alternatively, modified indirect evaporative coolers with different technical configurations can produce better thermal output. This paper presents a simple thermodynamic approach developed to analyze, for comparison, the behavior of conventional and regenerative indirect evaporative coolers that comprise different process structures. The analysis is based on the energy balance of the coolers to consider which is more applicable for further modification. Similar performance cross-flow heat exchangers with separate air washers are adopted for both units. The two coolers are subjected to the same general summer operating conditions. The results showed that the conventional indirect evaporative cooler provided better cooling performance in terms of all thermal comparison parameters. The supply temperature trend in regenerative indirect evaporative cooler (RIEC) is higher by 23.4–34.1%, while its effectiveness is lower by 26–56% compared to that of the conventional indirect evaporative cooler (CIEC). The cooling capacity of CIEC is always higher at any air ratio value. At an equal secondary air flowrate where the primary air flowrate of RIEC is 25% more than that of CIEC, CIEC still generates lower air supply temperature and its effectiveness is higher. Thus, CIEC deserves priority attention for further development and additional improvement of performance.
Team Representation: Scale Development and Validation
Authors: Asada Akira , Reifurth Katherine R.N. 
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the current study was to develop a valid and reliable measure of team representation, which refers to the extent to which the residents of a community perceive a local sports team to be representative of the community. Through our literature review, focus groups, and surveys, we identified four key dimensions that serve as formative indicators of team representation (i.e., normative, descriptive, symbolic, and substantive representation) and developed scale items measuring those dimensions. The results of exploratory factor analysis and partial least squares structural equation modeling confirmed the validity of our scale items and reflective–formative measurement model. As the first study to develop and validate scale items measuring specific dimensions of team representation, the current research provides significant contributions to the literature. Our scale items also enable sports teams to assess their representative status in their local communities and develop effective strategies to improve their representation.
See no allergen, hear no allergen, speak no allergen!
Authors: Gay Aurore C. A. , Nawijn Martijn C. 
Published: May 2023

Segmental allergen challenge in allergic patients with asthma reveals a previously unknown role for monocytes in the T helper 2 (T
H
2)–dependent inflammatory response, whereas in allergic controls without asthma, allergen unresponsiveness seems to be maintained through epithelial-myeloid cell cross-talk that prevents T
H
2 cell activation (see related Research Article by

Alladina
et al.

).
Supplemental Material: Thermal architecture of the Salmon River suture zone, Idaho, USA: Implications for the structural evolution of a ductile accretionary complex during arc-continent collision
Authors: Long Sean P. , al. et 
Published: May 2023

<p>Figure 2. Geologic map (1:48,000 scale) of the Salmon River transect (top) and accompanying geologic cross section A–A' (bottom). Geologic map compiled from Aliberti (1988), Gray (2013a, 2013b), Mann (2018), DeYoung (2019), and our mapping. The location of the map area is shown on Figure 1B. Timing constraints for rock units are from Gray (2013a, 2013b) and Gray et al. (2020) unless otherwise specified. The subsurface geometry beneath the Rapid River thrust is queried in the eastern part of the cross section.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Figure 3. Geologic map (1:48,000 scale) that includes the Whitebird Ridge transect (B–B' cross-section line) and Pollock Mountain transect (C–C' cross-section line) and accompanying geologic cross sections. Map is compiled from Aliberti (1988), Mann (2018), Nandi et al. (2018), and DeYoung, 2019. The location of the map area is shown on Figure 1B. Timing constraints for rock units are from Gray (2013a, 2013b) and Gray et al. (2020) unless otherwise specified. </p>
Symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with persistent asthma: a cross-sectional analysis of the INSPIRERS studies
Authors: Simões Cunha Mafalda , Amaral Rita , Pereira Ana Margarida , Almeida Rute , Alves-Correia Magna , Loureiro Cláudia Chaves , Lopes Cristina , Carvalho Joana , Ribeiro Carmelita , Vidal Carmen , Antolín-Amérigo Dario , Pinto Diana , Ferreira-Magalhães Manuel , Vasconcelos Maria João , Lozoya Carlos , Santos Natacha , Cardia Francisca , Taborda-Barata Luís , Ferreira Rosário , Morais Silva Pedro , Ferreira Tania Monteiro , Câmara Raquel , Silva Eurico , Bordalo Diana , Guimarães Cristina , Calix Maria José , da Silva Sofia , Marques Maria Luís , Morete Ana , Nunes Carlos , Vieira Cláudia , Páscoa Rosália , Alves Adelaide , Marques José Varanda , Reis Bruno , Monteiro Luís , Monteiro Rosário , Cepa Margarida , Valentim Bruno , Coelho Daniela Sousa , Fernandes Sara , Meireles Patrícia , Aguiar Margarida Abreu , Mourão Ana Rita , Fonseca Joao A , Jácome Cristina 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesAnxiety and depression are relevant comorbidities in asthma, but, in Portugal and Spain, data on this topic are scarce. We assessed, in patients with asthma, the frequency of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the European Quality of Life Five Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D); the level of agreement between these questionnaires, and the factors associated with these symptoms.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the INSPIRERS studies. A total of 614 adolescents and adults with persistent asthma (32.6±16.9 years, 64.7% female) were recruited from 30 primary care centres and 32 allergy, pulmonology and paediatric clinics. Demographic and clinical characteristics, HADS and EQ-5D were collected. A score ≥8 on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety/Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression or a positive answer to EQ-5D item 5 indicated the presence of these symptoms. Agreement was determined by Cohen’s kappa. Two multivariable logistic regressions were built.ResultsAccording to HADS, 36% of the participants had symptoms of anxiety and 12% of depression. According to EQ-5D, 36% of the participants had anxiety/depression. The agreement between questionnaires in identifying anxiety/depression was moderate (k=0.55, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.62). Late asthma diagnosis, comorbidities and female gender were predictors of anxiety/depression, while better asthma control, health-related quality of life and perception of health were associated with lower odds for anxiety/depression.ConclusionAt least 1/3 of the patients with persistent asthma experience symptoms of anxiety/depression, showing the relevance of screening these disorders in patients with asthma. EQ-5D and HADS questionnaires showed a moderate agreement in the identification of anxiety/depression symptoms. The identified associated factors need to be further investigated in long-term studies.
’Where are youreallyfrom?’: a qualitative study of racial microaggressions and the impact on medical students in the UK
Authors: Morrison Nariell , Zaman Tabbasum , Webster George , Sorinola Olanrewaju , Blackburn Clare 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo explore graduate-entry medical students’ experiences of racial microaggressions, the impact of these on learning, performance and attainment, and their views on how these can be reduced.DesignQualitative study using semistructured focus groups and group interviews.SettingUK.Participants20 graduate-entry medical students were recruited using volunteer and snowball sampling; all students self-identified as being from racially minoritised (RM) backgrounds.ResultsParticipants reported experiencing numerous types of racial microaggressions during their time at medical school. Students’ accounts highlighted how these impacted directly and indirectly on their learning, performance and well-being. Students frequently reported feeling uncomfortable and out of place in teaching sessions and clinical placements. Students also reported feeling invisible and ignored in placements and not being offered the same learning opportunities as their white counterparts. This led to lack of access to learning experiences or disengagement from learning. Many participants described how being from an RM background was associated with feelings of apprehension and having their ‘guards up’, particularly at the start of new clinical placements. This was perceived to be an additional burden that was not experienced by their white counterparts. Students suggested that future interventions should focus on institutional changes to diversify student and staff populations; shifting the culture to build and maintain inclusive environments; encouraging open, transparent conversations around racism and promptly managing any student-reported racial experiences.ConclusionRM students in this study reported that their medical school experiences were regularly affected by racial microaggressions. Students believed these microaggressions impeded their learning, performance and well-being. It is imperative that institutions increase their awareness of the difficulties faced by RM students and provide appropriate support in challenging times. Fostering inclusion as well as embedding antiracist pedagogy into medical curricula is likely to be beneficial.
How do people perceive different advice for rotator cuff disease? A content analysis of qualitative data collected in a randomised experiment
Authors: Zadro Joshua R , Michaleff Zoe A , O'Keeffe Mary , Ferreira Giovanni E , Traeger Adrian C , Gamble Andrew R , Afeaki Frederick , Li Yaozhuo , Wen Erya , Yao Jiawen , Zhu Kejie , Page Richard , Harris Ian A , Maher Christopher G 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo explore how people perceive different advice for rotator cuff disease in terms of words/feelings evoked by the advice and treatment needs.SettingWe performed a content analysis of qualitative data collected in a randomised experiment.Participants2028 people with shoulder pain read a vignette describing someone with rotator cuff disease and were randomised to:bursitis labelplusguideline-based advice, bursitis labelplustreatment recommendation, rotator cuff tear labelplusguideline-based adviceandrotator cuff tear labelplustreatment recommendation. Guideline-based adviceincluded encouragement to stay active and positive prognostic information.Treatment recommendationemphasised that treatment is needed for recovery.Primary and secondary outcomesParticipants answered questions about: (1) words/feelings evoked by the advice; (2) treatments they feel are needed. Two researchers developed coding frameworks to analyse responses.Results1981 (97% of 2039 randomised) responses for each question were analysed.Guideline-based advice(vstreatment recommendation) more often elicited words/feelings of reassurance, having a minor issue, trust in expertise and feeling dismissed, and treatment needs of rest, activity modification, medication, wait and see, exercise and normal movements.Treatment recommendation(vsguideline-based advice) more often elicited words/feelings of needing treatment/investigation, psychological distress and having a serious issue, and treatment needs of injections, surgery, investigations, and to see a doctor.ConclusionsWords/feelings evoked by advice for rotator cuff disease and perceived treatment needs may explain whyguideline-based advicereduces perceived need for unnecessary care compared to atreatment recommendation.