bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PECAM‐1 shedding during apoptosis generates a membrane‐anchored truncated molecule with unique signaling characteristics
Authors: ILAN NETA , MOHSENIN AMIR , CHEUNG LAWRENCE , MADRI JOSEPH A. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTShedding of cell surface molecules, including growth factor receptors, provides a mechanism by which cells regulate signal transduction events. Here we show that platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)‐1 is shed from the endothelial cell surface during apoptosis and accumulates in the culture medium as a ~100 kDa soluble protein. The cleavage mediating the shedding is matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) dependent, as GM6001, a broad‐spectrum MMP inhibitor, inhibits PECAM‐1 accumulation in the culture medium in a dose‐responsive manner. In addition to the 100 kDa soluble fragment, PECAM‐1 cleavage generates the formation of a truncated (Tr.) ~28 kDa molecule, composed of the transmembrane and the cytoplasmic PECAM‐1 domains. Transfections of the full‐length (Fl) and the Tr. PECAM‐1 gene constructs into endothelial and nonendothelial cells were performed. We found 1) significantly more γ‐catenin and SHP‐2 bound to the truncated than to the full‐length PECAM‐1;2) stable expression of the truncated PECAM‐1 in SW480 colon carcinoma cells resulted in a dramatic decrease in cell proliferation, whereas expression of comparable levels of the full‐length PECAM‐1 had no effect;3) the decrease observed in cell proliferation is due, in part, to an increase in programmed cell death (apoptosis) and correlated with continuous caspase 8 cleavage and p38/JNKphosphorylation. These results support the intimate involvement of PECAM‐1 in signal transduction cascades and also suggest that caspase substrates (e.g., PECAM‐1) may possess distinct and unique functions on cleavage.—Ilan, N., Mohsenin, A., Cheung, L., Madri, J. A. PECAM‐1 shedding during apoptosis generates a membrane‐anchored truncated molecule with unique signaling characteristics. FASEB J. 15, 362‐372 (2001)
Symbiotic fungal associations in ‘lower’ land plants
Authors: Read D. J. , Duckett J. G. , Francis R. , Ligrone R. , Russell A. 
Published: July 2002

An analysis of the current state of knowledge of symbiotic fungal associations in ‘lower’ plants is provided. Three fungal phyla, the Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, are involved in forming these associations, each producing a distinctive suite of structural features in well–defined groups of ‘lower’ plants. Among the ‘lower’ plants only mosses andEquisetumappear to lack one or other of these types of association. The salient features of the symbioses produced by each fungal group are described and the relationships between these associations and those formed by the same or related fungi in ‘higher’ plants are discussed. Particular consideration is given to the question of the extent to which root–fungus associations in ‘lower’ plants are analogous to ‘mycorrhizas’ of ‘higher’ plants and the need for analysis of the functional attributes of these symbioses is stressed.Zygomycetous fungi colonize a wide range of extant lower land plants (hornworts, many hepatics, lycopods, Ophioglossales, Psilotales and Gleicheniaceae), where they often produce structures analogous to those seen in the vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizas of higher plants, which are formed by members of the order Glomales. A preponderance of associations of this kind is in accordance with palaeobotanical and molecular evidence indicating that glomalean fungi produced the archetypal symbioses with the first plants to emerge on to land.It is shown, probably for the first time, that glomalean fungi forming typical VA mycorrhiza with a higher plant (Plantago lanceolata) can colonize a thalloid liverwort (Pellia epiphylla), producing arbuscules and vesicles in the hepatic. The extent to which these associations, which are structurally analogous to mycorrhizas, have similar functions remains to be evaluated.Ascomycetous associations are found in a relatively small number of families of leafy liverworts. The structural features of the fungal colonization of rhizoids and underground axes of these plants are similar to those seen in mycorrhizal associations of ericaceous plants likeVaccinium. Cross inoculation experiments have confirmed that a typical mycorrhizal endophyte of ericaceous plants,Hymenoscyphus ericae, will form associations in liverworts which are structurally identical to those seen in nature. Again, the functional significance of these associations remains to be examined.Some members of the Jungermanniales and Metzgeriales form associations with basidiomycetous fungi. These produce intracellular coils of hyphae, which are similar to the pelotons seen in orchid mycorrhizas, which also involve basidiomycetes. The fungal associates of the autotrophicAneuraand of its heterotrophic relativeCryptothallus mirabilishave been isolated. In the latter case it has been shown that the fungal symbiont is an ectomycorrhizal associate ofBetula, suggesting that the apparently obligate nature of the association between the hepatic andBetulain nature is based upon requirement for this particular heterotroph.
Belief in COVID‐19 misinformation: Hopeful claims are rated as truer
Authors: Stone Alexandria R. , Marsh Elizabeth J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMisinformation surrounding COVID‐19 spread rapidly and widely, posing a significant threat to public health. Here, we examined whether some types of misinformation are more believable than others, to the extent that they offer people hope in uncertain times. An initial group of subjects rated a series of COVID‐19 misinformation statements for whether each made them feel more or less hopeful (if true). Based on these ratings, we selected two sets of misinformation that differed in their average rated hopefulness; the two sets did not differ in word length or reading ease. In two studies, people rated their belief in each statement. Results from both studies revealed that people rated the more hopeful misinformation (e.g., COVID cures and prevention methods) as truer than less hopeful misinformation (e.g., transmission vectors). These findings are consistent with a motivated reasoning account of misinformation acceptance.
Birth Outcomes and Rehospitalizations Among Pregnant Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Their Offspring
Authors: Singh Namrata , Sabo Julianna , Crane Deborah A. , Doody David R. , Schiff Melissa A. , Mueller Beth A. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo compare obstetric/birth outcomes and rehospitalization among women with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their infants.MethodsThis population‐based retrospective cohort study identified women with RA (n = 1,223) and SLE (n = 1,354) and unexposed women with singleton births 1987–2014 in Washington State in linked vital hospital discharge records. Outcomes, including cause‐specific hospitalizations <2 years postpartum, were compared by estimating adjusted relative risks (RRs) and cause‐specific rehospitalization hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsWe observed increased risks of several adverse outcomes; RRs were often greatest for SLE. Women with RA/SLE more often required rehospitalization, most notably at <6 months postpartum (RA: 4% versus 2%; RR 2.22 [95% CI 1.62–3.04]; SLE: 6% versus 2%; RR 2.78 [95% CI 2.15–3.59]). Maternal postpartum rehospitalization was greatest for musculoskeletal conditions (RA: HR 19.1 [95% CI 13.6–26.8]; SLE: HR 29.8 [95% CI 22.1–40.1]). Infants of women with SLE more often had malformations (9% versus 6%; RR 1.46 [95% CI 1.21–1.75]), and increased mortality at <2 years (RR 2.11 [95% CI 1.21–3.67]). Infants of women with SLE also experienced more frequent rehospitalizations in their first year of life.ConclusionWomen with RA or SLE and their infants experienced adverse outcomes, particularly infants of women with SLE. Maternal/infant rehospitalization was more common; most marked in the early months postpartum. Close follow‐up during these time periods is crucial to minimize adverse outcomes.
Live Cell Lineage Tracing of Dormant Cancer Cells
Authors: Kim Hyuna , Wirasaputra Anna , Mohammadi Farnaz , Kundu Aritra Nath , Esteves Jennifer A. E. , Heiser Laura M. , Meyer Aaron S. , Peyton Shelly R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is a leading cause of global cancer‐related deaths, and metastasis is the overwhelming culprit of poor patient prognosis. The most nefarious aspect of metastasis is dormancy, a prolonged period between primary tumor resection and relapse. Current therapies are insufficient at killing dormant cells; thus, they can remain quiescent in the body for decades until eventually undergoing a phenotypic switch, resulting in metastases that are more adaptable and drug resistant. Unfortunately, dormancy has few in vitro models, largely because lab‐derived cell lines are highly proliferative. Existing models address tumor dormancy, not cellular dormancy, because tracking individual cells is technically challenging. To combat this problem, a live cell lineage approach to find and track individual dormant cells, distinguishing them from proliferative and dying cells over multiple days, is adapted. This approach is applied across a range of different in vitro microenvironments. This approach reveals that the proportion of cells that exhibit long‐term quiescence is regulated by both cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with the most dormant cells found in 3D collagen gels. This paper envisions that this approach will prove useful to biologists and bioengineers in the dormancy community to identify, quantify, and study dormant tumor cells.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Dearomative Vinylation of Electron Rich Benzenes, Naphthalenes and Indoles with Alkynes
Authors: Yang Yongjie , Jiang Kai , Zeng Guohui , Yin Biaolin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDearomatization reactions are among the most efficient chemical processes, combining atom economy, stereospecificity and the ability to generate molecular complexity in a single step. Dearomative vinylation reactions provide a synthetic connection between readily available, simple aromatic starting materials and more unsaturated alkynes. The last decade has witnessed a steady increase in the development of transition metal‐catalyzed dearomative vinylation methods of electron rich aromatic compounds with alkynes, providing new synthetic approaches to high‐value building blocks and natural products. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for work in transition metal‐catalyzed dearomative vinylation reactions of electron rich aromatic compounds with alkynes.magnified image
The effect of skin color variation on 25(OH)D concentration in Polish children
Authors: Iliescu Florin Mircea , Pruszkowska‐Przybylska Paulina , Sitek Aneta , Żądzińska Elżbieta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesSkin color is a classic example of a visible human trait that varies widely among and between human populations; it has evolved finely balancing photoprotection and 25(OH)D (vitamin D) synthesis as opposing selection forces. While the health effects of vitamin D deficiency in Northern European populations are profound, we are yet to accurately characterize the evolutionary relationship between vitamin D requirements and skin color diversity.Materials and MethodsThis study explored this relation among a cohort of 170 children from central Poland considering season of measurement and socioeconomic status (SES). Alongside completed questionnaires, saliva was collected and the level of 25(OH)D was assessed using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit; furthermore, a Dermaspectrometer was used to measure skin color by recording the Melanin Index (MI).ResultsFirst, 25(OH)D concentration or skin color variation are not significantly different between boys and girls; second, 25(OH)D concentration is lower in late autumn than in spring, while skin color (MI) is darker in autumn; crucially, we found significant association between MI and 25(OH)D concentration: higher MI is significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D levels only in boys measured in autumn, and not in spring.ConclusionsThese results shed light on the factors affecting 25(OH)D concentration and MI variation in a cohort of Polish children: they offer an evolutionary perspective on the potential role of vitamin D as a driver of skin color diversity while informing a key public health debate.
Selective Separation of Lithium, Magnesium and Calcium using 4‐Phosphoryl Pyrazolones as pH‐Regulated Receptors
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Tanjedrew Narisara , Wenzel Marco , Royla Philipp , Du Hao , Kiatisevi Supavadee , Lindoy Leonard F. , Weigand Jan J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnsuring continuous and sustainable lithium supply requires the development of highly efficient separation processes such as LLE (liquid‐liquid extraction) for both primary sources and certain waste streams. In this work, 4‐phosphoryl pyrazolones are used in an efficient pH‐controlled stepwise separation of Li+ from Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+. The factors affecting LLE process, such as the substitution pattern of the extractant, diluent/water distribution, co‐ligand, pH, and speciation of the metal complexes involved, were systematically investigated. The maximum extraction efficiency of Li+ at pH 6.0 was 94 % when Mg2+ and Ca2+ were previously separated at pH<5.0, proving that the separation of these ions is possible by simply modulating the pH of the aqueous phase. Our study points a way to separation of lithium from acid brine or from spent lithium ion battery leaching solutions, which supports the future supply of lithium in a more environmentally friendly and sustainable manner.
Supramolecular Engineering of Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc‐ion Energy Storage Devices: Novel Benzothiadiazole Functionalized Two‐Dimensional Olefin‐Linked COFs
Authors: Peng Haijun , Huang Senhe , Montes‐García Verónica , Pakulski Dawid , Guo Haipeng , Richard Fanny , Zhuang Xiaodong , Samorì Paolo , Ciesielski Artur 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising materials for energy storage applications exhibiting enhanced electrochemical performance. While most of the reported organic cathode materials for zinc‐ion batteries use carbonyl groups as electrochemically‐active sites, their high hydrophilicity in aqueous electrolytes represents a critical drawback. Herein, we report a novel and structurally robust olefin‐linked COF‐TMT‐BT synthesized via the aldol condensation between 2,4,6‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (TMT) and 4,4′‐(benzothiadiazole‐4,7‐diyl)dibenzaldehyde (BT), where benzothiadiazole units are explored as novel electrochemically‐active groups. Our COF‐TMT‐BT exhibits an outstanding Zn2+storage capability, delivering a state‐of‐the‐art capacity of 283.5 mAh g−1at 0.1 A g−1. Computational and experimental analyses reveal that the charge‐storage mechanism in COF‐TMT‐BT electrodes is based on the supramolecularly engineered and reversible Zn2+coordination by the benzothiadiazole units.
Discovery of Potent and Exquisitely Selective Inhibitors of Kinase CK1 with Tunable Isoform Selectivity
Authors: Němec Václav , Khirsariya Prashant , Janovská Pavlína , Moyano Paula Martín , Maier Lukáš , Procházková Petra , Kebková Pavlína , Gybel' Tomáš , Berger Benedict‐Tilman , Chaikuad Apirat , Reinecke Maria , Kuster Bernhard , Knapp Stefan , Bryja Vítězslav , Paruch Kamil 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCasein kinases 1 (CK1) are key signaling molecules that have emerged recently as attractive therapeutic targets in particular for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Herein, we report the identification of a new class of potent and highly selective inhibitors of CK1α, δ and ϵ. Based on their optimal in vitro and in vivo profiles and their exclusive selectivity, MU1250, MU1500 and MU1742 were selected as quality chemical probes for those CK1 isoforms. At proper concentrations, MU1250 and MU1500 allow for specific targeting of CK1δ or dual inhibition of CK1δ/ϵ in cells. The compound MU1742 also efficiently inhibits CK1α and, to our knowledge, represents the first potent and highly selective inhibitor of this enzyme. In addition, we demonstrate that the central 1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine‐imidazole pharmacophore can be used as the basis of highly selective inhibitors of other therapeutically relevant protein kinases, e.g. p38α, as exemplified by the compound MU1299.
Highly Enantioselective Construction of Multifunctional Silicon‐Stereogenic Silacycles by Asymmetric Enamine Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Xin , Gao Yang , Zhang Yan‐Xue , Zhou Jian , Yu Jin‐Sheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report the first highly enantioselective construction of silicon‐stereocenters by asymmetric enamine catalysis. An unprecedented desymmetric intramolecular aldolization of prochiral siladials was thus developed for the facile access of multifunctional silicon‐stereogenic silacycles in high to excellent enantioselectivity. With an enal moiety, these adducts could be readily elaborated for the diverse synthesis of silicon‐stereogenic compounds, and for late‐stage modification.
Rational Design of Covalent Organic Frameworks as Gas Diffusion Layers for Multi‐atmosphere Lithium‐Air Batteries
Authors: Li Xing , Zhang Kun , Li Zhen , Yan Youguo , Yuan Yijia , Ma Li , Xie Keyu , Ping Loh Kian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNon‐aqueous Li‐air batteries, despite their high energy density and low cost, have not been deployed practically due to their instability in ambient air, where moisture causes parasitic reactions and shortens their life drastically. Here, we demonstrate the rational design of nanoporous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as effective gas diffusion layers (GDLs) to address this constraint. The COF GDLs, with a tailor‐made pore size of ≈1.4 nm and superhydrophobicity, can limit the intrusion of organic electrolytes and moisture into the gas diffusion channels, enabling high capacity, fast kinetics, and excellent stability of the Li‐air batteries. Moreover, we achieve multi‐atmosphere Li‐air batteries, which can stably cycle under open ambient air (relative humidity up to 95 %) and even in various atmospheres with looping oxygen, humid air, and carbon dioxide. The design principles of our COF GDLs can be universally applied in energy storage and electrochemical systems using organic electrolytes.
Springtail‐inspired Light‐driven Soft Jumping Robots Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers with Monolithic Three‐leaf Panel Fold Structure
Authors: Hu Jun , Nie Zhenzhou , Wang Meng , Liu Zhiyang , Huang Shuai , Yang Hong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractJump is an important form of motion that enables animals to escape from predators, increase their range of activities, and better adapt to the environment. Inspired by springtails, we describe a light‐driven soft jumping robot based on a double‐folded liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) ribbon actuator with a monolithic three‐leaf panel fold structure. This robot can achieve remarkable jumping height, jumping distance, and maximum take‐off velocity, of up to 87 body length (BL), 65 BL, and 930 BL s−1, respectively, under near‐infrared light irradiation. Further, it is possible to control the height, distance, and direction of jump by changing the size and crease angle of the double‐folded LCE ribbon actuators. These robots can efficiently jump over obstacles and can jump continuously, even in complex environments. Our simple design strategy improves the performance of jumping actuators and we expect it to have a wide‐ranging impact on the strength, continuity, and adaptability of future soft robots.
Generation of FeIV=O and its Contribution to Fenton‐Like Reactions on a Single‐Atom Iron−N−C Catalyst
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Ren Wei , Miao Fei , Chen Xuantong , Chen Xiaoxiao , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGenerating FeIV=O on single‐atom catalysts by Fenton‐like reaction has been established for water treatment; however, the FeIV=O generation pathway and oxidation behavior remain obscure. Employing an Fe−N−C catalyst with a typical Fe−N4moiety to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS), we demonstrate that generating FeIV=O is mediated by an Fe−N−C−PMS* complex—a well‐recognized nonradical species for induction of electron‐transfer oxidation—and we determined that adjacent Fe sites with a specific Fe1−Fe1distance are required. After the Fe atoms with an Fe1‐Fe1distance <4 Å are PMS‐saturated, Fe−N−C−PMS* formed on Fe sites with an Fe1‐Fe1distance of 4–5 Å can coordinate with the adjacent FeII−N4, forming an inter‐complex with enhanced charge transfer to produce FeIV=O. FeIV=O enables the Fenton‐like system to efficiently oxidize various pollutants in a substrate‐specific, pH‐tolerant, and sustainable manner, where its prominent contribution manifests for pollutants with higher one‐electron oxidation potential.
Peri‐operative management of a patient with an ectodermal dysplasia (Rapp–Hodgkin) syndrome
Authors: Marialva J. , Lopes L. , Moura F. , Cardoso H. , Cruz L. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryWe present the case of a 41‐year‐old man with Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome who underwent nasal septum deviation surgery under general anaesthesia. This syndrome is rare, with approximately 70 cases reported worldwide. It is one of a group of ectodermal dysplasia syndromes and results from the aberrant development of ectoderm during fetal development. Some of the clinical features may affect anaesthetic management. The most important considerations are potentially difficult airway management, the need for meticulous temperature control, and the importance of skin protection. This case was uneventful, but as there are few case reports on the management of patients with ectodermal dysplasia syndromes undergoing anaesthesia this report contributes useful knowledge. The pathogenesis and clinical features of Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome and the anaesthetic management for this patient are described.
Finite‐time event‐triggered control for a class of cascade switched affine nonlinear systems
Authors: Hu Hongsheng , Huang Shipei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the finite‐time boundedness (FTB) problem of a class of cascade switched affine nonlinear systems. In order to avoid unnecessary waste of network communication and Zeno behavior, a dynamical event‐triggered scheme is proposed, which is more general than some existing event‐triggered schemes with a common parameter matrix. By using the average dwell time method and multiple Lyapunov function technologies, sufficient conditions for the existence of controller gains are first proposed such that the closed‐loop system is finite‐time bounded with a finite‐time disturbance attenuation performance. It is also proved that the Zeno phenomenon is excluded. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.