bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical androgen deprivation therapy in advanced prostate cancer in patients of African descent: comparison of biochemical efficacy of bilateral total and subcapsular orchidectomy
Authors: K Arogundade Abayomi , A Popoola Ademola , A Ajape Abdulwahab , O Abiola Olajide , A Biliaminu Sikiru 
Published: April 2023

Background: Surgical androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to treat advanced prostate cancer can be achieved either by bilateral total orchidectomy (BTO) or bilateral subcapsular orchidectomy (BSCO). However, biochemical and clinical equivalence between BTO and BSCO among native Africans is undocumented.
Objective: To compare the biochemical response (testosterone and prostate specific antigen) in patients who had BTO and BSCO for advanced prostate cancer.
Methods: A randomized single- blind study of 64 consenting patients that underwent either BTO or BSCO. Pre- and post-operative PSA and testosterone assays were done serially at intervals and compared between each treatment group.
Results: Each treatment group were similar with no statistically significant difference in terms of age (p= 0.449) or degree of tumor differentiation (p =0.714). Neither median testosterone (p= 0.515) nor the mean pre-operative PSA differ between the two groups (p = 0.482). Also, similar trends were noticed post operatively except at the 2nd month when a statistically significant difference was recorded (p = 0.003).
Conclusion: The two techniques of orchidectomy were effective in accomplishing androgen deprivation. They produced similar biochemical (testosterone and PSA) response.
Keywords: androgen deprivation therapy; subcapsular orchidectomy; total orchidectomy.
Lifestyle, vulnerability to stress and prevailing health conditions of ambulatory older patients in a care facility
Authors: IH Eze Uchenna , A Adeniji Babatunde , O Iheanacho Chinonyerem 
Published: April 2023

Background: Lifestyle and vulnerability to stress are major determinants of age-related health outcomes.
Objectives: To assess the lifestyle and health states of older adults, and evaluate their personality-related vulnerability to stress, to enable improved and targeted health promotional activities.
Methods: A hospital record review and a purposive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 respondents who were ≥ 50 years old, and visited the General Hospital Oyo, South-western Nigeria. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS version 21. Analysis of vulnerability to stress was performed by the addition of scores from Marshal’s personality stress prone test. Lifestyle were measured by frequencies and Chi-Square tests, while presence of chronic diseases was measured by respondents’ past prescriptions, from the hospital case notes. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 200 respondents participated in the study. Majority, 156 (78.0%) were 50-59 years old and self-employed 96 (46.0%). Ninety-three (46.5%) smoked, 65 (32.3%) consumed alcohol, 128 (64.0%) had periodic exercise and 67 (33.3%) experienced insomnia. Majority (60.5%) were vulnerable to stress, and this was significantly associated with age (P=0.001), marital status (P=0.021), body weight (P=0.05), occupation (P=0.002) and income (P=0.002). From the retrospective study, most frequently prescribed drugs were anti-hypertensives 225 (69.7%), vitamins/minerals (49.5%), sedatives 158 (48.9%) and analgesics158 (48.9%) respectively.
Conclusion: Periodic exercise, alcohol use, and smoking were reported at varying degrees. High prevalence of vulnerability to stress and use of anti-hypertensives were also observed, and vulnerability to stress was associated with selected socio-demographics. These findings reinforce the need for routine education of this category of populace on healthy lifestyle for improved health.
Keywords: Lifestyle; older adults; vulnerability to stress; health conditions; health care facility; Nigeria.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on dentists
Authors: Patil Bhagyashree , Mishra Sannidhya , Ramesh Sanjna , Savant Suyog 
Published: April 2023

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic seems to have an incessant out-turn on the people in every field in some or the other way. It has been reported that maximum number of deaths in the countries during this pandemic are caused due to a term called death anxiety or phobia. There are certain parameters such as anxiety, apprehension, depression which if influence a person can alter one’s well-being.
Objective: The steadfast intent of this review article is to narrate the psychological impact of this pandemic on dentists. The eloquence and emergence of this topic will alarm all the medicos and paramedics to have a check on this scenario.
Methods: The article consists of detailed study from several articles from PubMed publications. Articles written only in English language were referred. Various keywords such as “Covid-19 pandemic” or “Psychological Impact” were used.
Results: The Covid-19 Pandemic has adversely affected all of us physically as well as psychologically. This article signifies the psychological impact of this pandemic on dentists.
Conclusion: The current studies that are carried out till date show an extensive impact on the psychology of the dental professionals. The following review article elaborates the importance of the same.
Keywords: Psychological aspect; dentist; mental health.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal bleeding and frequency of selected predictors of mortality on the medical emergency ward at Mulago hospital
Authors: Kisuule Ivan , Seremba Emmanuel , Kagimu Magid 
Published: April 2023

Background: There was no data on the prevalence of Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI) among patients admitted on the emergency ward at Mulago hospital. This was partly because the medical records were not adequately completed as designed.
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal bleeding and the frequency of selected predictors of mortality on the emergency ward.
Methods: This was a chart review incorporating quality improvement methods in the process of data collection. The health care team was educated on documentation of gastrointestinal bleeding while being assessed weekly for knowledge and practice of completion of the Casualty Assessment form (CAF) from which a documented diagnosis of GI bleeding and selected predictors of mortality were looked for.
Results: Of the 1881 CAF assessed, 278 had a documented diagnosis of GI bleeding, resulting in a prevalence of 6.8%. Of the patients with GI bleeding, 14.1% had age greater than 60 years, 24.0% had a systolic blood pressure less than 100mmHg and 44.5% had a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute.
Conclusion: The prevalence of GI bleeding on the medical emergency ward of Mulago hospital is high. This calls for strategies for resuscitative management of this life-threatening medical emergency. Among the selected predictors of mortality, tachycardia was most frequent followed by hypotension. These should always be assessed in a patient with GI bleeding and resuscitative measures with blood transfusion and intravenous fluids undertaken to correct them.
Keywords: Gastrointestinal bleeding; predictors of mortality; Emergency ward.
Is preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation effective in the postoperative period after lung resection?
Authors: Kökez Hatice , Keskin Hakan , Ergin Makbule , Erdoğan Abdullah 
Published: April 2023

Objective: Investigating the effects of the preoperative short term intensive pulmonary rehabilitation program applied for patients who have undergone lung resection by thoracotomy, on lung functions, complication rates and length of hospital stay during the postoperative period.
Methods: A prospective randomized trial of sixty patients were enrolled who would undergo pulmonary resection by thoracotomy and were randomly divided in two groups. Intensive pulmonary rehabilitation was performed on these patients in the study group 3 hours a day throughout 7 days during the preoperative period. Groups were compared with respect to their spirometric pulmonary functions, respiratory parameters, blood gas parameters, complication rates and length of hospital stay.
Results: Total incidence rate of complications in the patients from the control group significantly increased(p=0,028). When patients who underwent lobectomy and wedge resection were observed, length of hospital stay of those in the control group was seen to be statistically higher in comparison with the study group(p<0,05).
Conclusion: We consider that it will be very beneficial to perform a short term and intensive pulmonary rehabilitation program on every patient possible who is planned to undergo thoracotomy and lobectomy or wedge resection treatment.
Keywords: Thoracic; pulmonary rehabilitation; breathing exercise.
Evaluation of the association between fear of COVID-19 and pregnancy distress
Authors: Mamuk Rojjin , Akbulut Şahide , Erdoğan Ayfer 
Published: April 2023

Background: Mental health problems experienced during pregnancy negatively affect both maternal and fetal wellbeing.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and pregnancy distress in healthy pregnant women living in Turkey.
Methods: A descriptive, relational/cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing 363 pregnant women in person. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS).
Results: The mean FCV-19S score was 19.03±5.65 and the mean TPDS score was 19.97±7.97. According to the TPDS cut-off score, 19.0% of the participants were at risk of pregnancy distress. There was a significant positive correlation between FCV-19S and TPDS scores (r = 0.263, p<0.05). According to the regression analysis, age (β= -0.217), years of education (β= -0.272), and number of births (β= 0.502) were associated with fear of COVID-19, and fear of COVID-19 was associated with TPDS scores (β= 0.369) (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The pregnant women in this study had moderate fear of COVID-19. Compared to the literature data, the prevalence of pregnancy distress was slightly higher than pre-COVID-19 reports but quite low compared to other studies conducted during the pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19; fear; distress; pregnant women; pregnancy.
Vitamin D deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis patients of India – a single-arm meta-analysis
Authors: Bose Debdipta , Ravi Renju , Maurya Miteshkumar , Legha R , Konwar Mahanjit 
Published: April 2023

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is commonly seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Objectives: This meta-analysis is aimed to determine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in RA patients in India and also to evaluate the association between vitamin D level and disease activity.
Methods: The relevant works of literature were identified through multiple databases and data was extracted from eligible studies independently. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in RA patients in an Indian setup and its association with disease activity. A total of 15 studies was included in the analyses.
Results: The mean serum vitamin D level was 19.99 ng/ml [95% CI 16.49-24.23]. The proportion of patients with low vitamin D level was 0.80 [95% CI 0.65- 0.90], Vitamin D deficiency was 0.56 [95% CI 0.31-0.77] and vitamin D insufficiency was 0.20 [95% CI 0.12- 0.32]. A negative relationship was seen with serum vitamin D and disease activity score.
Conclusions: The results demonstrate significant low levels of serum vitamin D levels in patients with RA and established a negative correlation of Vitamin D with RA disease activity. The current evidence suggests a rationale for Vitamin D supplementation in the management of RA.
Keywords: Vitamin D level; disease activity score; Vitamin D supplementation; Vitamin D insufficiency.
Inadvertent Thyroid Radiation During Computed Tomography of the Chest: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hermon Miliard Derbew  , Tesfaye Kebede  , Seife Teferi  , Hansel J. Otero  
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND፡ The thyroid, along with the breast, lung, and bone marrow, is among the most radiosensitive organs. This study aims to assess the rate of unnecessary radiation exposure to the thyroid gland in patients who had chest Computed Tomography (CT) at a large teaching hospital.
METHOD: Hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study on 1,306 patients who underwent chest CT from July 2018 to January 2019. Thyroid gland inclusion along with the CT dose of the studies was evaluated. Data was collected by evaluating chest CT scans from Picture Archive and Communication System (MedWeb).
RESULT: Out of 1306 patients, who had Chest CT scans intravenous iodinated contrast media was used in 95.4% of the CT scans. The thyroid was included in 99.8% of the scans, out of which 76.9% included the whole thyroid gland. Among the patients who had previous CT scans, 75.3% had one previous scan and 24.7% had two previous scans. DLP (Dose Length Product) in mGycm was lower in females (360.33±32) compared to males (426.45±378.4). The lowest DLP value was observed in the pediatric patients in the age range of 1-5 years which was 146.83, while the highest was observed among those above 18 years of age with mean DLP of 418.31.
CONCLUSION: The majority of chest CT scans unnecessarily include the whole thyroid gland, which is one of the most sensitive organs for radiation-induced effects. Authors recommend optimized technique for chest scans to avoid future impacts.
Determinants of Adoption of Improved Varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Teff (Eragrostis teff), and Maize (Zea mays L.) in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Tekeste Kifle , Degefa Tolossa , Admasu Shibru , Dawit Alemu 
Published: April 2023

This study determined factors of the adoption of improved varieties of certified maize, teff, and wheat seeds in central Ethiopia. The logit model was applied to estimate the likelihood of adoption decisions. The result showed that 29% of household respondents adopted improved seeds, while 71% relied on their local landraces. The findings also revealed that farmers' decisions to adopt wheat, teff, and maize varieties were significantly influenced by educational level, farm size, farming experience, income, credit access, extension contact, farm input, and distance to the market. Thus, the study recommends that the government should focus on strengthening extension services, improving access to improved seeds, expanding timely agricultural inputs supply, improving market opportunities, equipping knowledgeable farmers who increase the use of new varieties, and making the land more economical by sharing agronomic practices are areas that need policy attention enhancing the adoption of certified seeds of improved varieties.
Intimate Partner Violence against Men and Women in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: An Assessment of Prevalence and Forms
Authors: Ezenwoko A.Z. , Abubakar A.U. , Inoh E.E. , Abubakar B.G. , Azees A.S. , Ekanem A.M. , Udofia E.A. 
Published: April 2023

Background: The control of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the use of stringent control measures such as lockdowns by many countries of the world. This predisposed people in relationships to intimate partner violence (IPV). This study aimed to assess the prevalence and forms of intimate partner violence against both men and women in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 538 respondents using an online electronic questionnaire which was circulated across the 36 states in Nigeria on social media platforms - nd Facebook, WhatsApp and Twitter. Data were collected from May 22 - July 27 2020 and descriptiveanalysis generated using IBM SPSS version 23.
Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of respondents was 37.2± 8.0 years. The overall prevalence of IPV was 216 (40.2%). Eighty-six (44.8%) men reported experiencing IPV with sexual violence 54 (28.1%) being the most reported form followed by emotional 49 (25.5), financial 20 (10.4%) and physical 18 (9.4%) violence. One hundred and thirty (37.6%) women experienced IPV during the lockdown period. The common forms of violence experienced by women were emotional 100 (28.9%), sexual 66 (19.1%), financial 42 (12.1%) and physical 31 (9.0%) violence.
Conclusion: The prevalence of IPV was higher in men than women. The most reported form of violence was sexual in men and emotional in women. This underscores the need for the Federal Government to put in place systems (such as helplines for counselling and legislation) to protect people who are in relationships from IPV.
Prevalence, Pattern and Correlates of Underage Alcohol Drinking among Secondary School Students in Orlu, Imo State
Authors: Aguocha C.M. , Merenu I.A. , Nduka I. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Alcohol is one of the most commonly used substances among young people. Early initiation of alcohol drinking has been linked to an increase in mortality, morbidity, and the risk of developing alcohol use disorder later in life. As a result, underage drinking has been regarded as one of the leading public health issues globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and socio-demographic correlates of alcohol drinking among secondary school students in Orlu, Imo State, Nigeria.
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 240 secondary school students, selected through a multistage sampling technique. Socio- demographic data and pattern of alcohol consumption was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Results: The lifetime, 12-month, and 30-days prevalence of underage alcohol drinking was 67.9%, 59.6%, and 55.8%, respectively. Twenty-nine (12.1%) of the respondents had engaged in binge drinking. In the past 12 months, 60 (42%) of the respondents drank alcohol less than once a month. Alcohol drinking was associated with being male (p=0.001), older age (p=0.001), having an unemployed caregiver (p=0.04), parental alcohol drinking (p=0.001) and intimate partner drinking (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Underage alcohol drinking is common among students in Orlu, Imo State. We recommend educating students and their caregivers on the growing problems of alcohol consumption.
A Comparative Qualitative Survey of Male Involvement in Family Planning in Urban and Rural Communities of Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar B.G. , Aliyu A.A. , Oche M.O. , Abdulaziz M.D. , Ezenwoko A.Z. , Babandi Z.S. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Nigeria's total fertility rate has remained high despite decades of family planning (FP) programmes. Studies have identified men as barriers to the use of contraceptives by women. The study aimed to explore and compare the knowledge of FP, perception of FP, male involvement (MI) in FP, barriers and facilitators to MI in FP among men in urban and rural communities of Sokoto State.
Methods: A comparative qualitative study was done among married men in urban and rural areas of Sokoto State in April 2019. Eight focus group discussions were conducted among 55 married men purposively selected and grouped based on educational status and age. Data were transcribed verbatim and content analysis on emerging themes was done.
Results: The participants said that FP is beneficial to the mother, the child and the father. Almost all the participants expressed unwillingness to use or allow their wives to use the permanent methods of FP. Almost all the participants in the urban and rural groups said that men should be involved in FP. Religion and ignorance were the most common barriers mentioned in the urban and rural groups. Increasing awareness of FP, religious leaders and traditional rulers championing the issue of FP and increase commitment by the government were the facilitating factors of MI in FP.
Conclusion: The participants said that FP is beneficial and that men should be involved in it. Sokoto State government should increase commitment to FP by carrying out state-wide campaigns and outreaches at regular intervals
Prevalence, Pattern and Perception of the Use of Traditional Herbs for Malaria Treatment among Pregnant Women in Oshodi-Isolo Local Government Area, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Kanma-Okafor O.J. , Onah N.G. , Roberts A.A. , Akinleye H.W. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Traditional herbs have been used for thousands of years to treat malaria and many pregnant women currently rely on them even with their questionable safety. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, pattern and perceptions of the use of traditional herbs for malaria treatment among pregnant women in Oshodi-Isolo Local Government Area, Lagos, Nigeria.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 410 pregnant women, selected by multistage sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The results of descriptive analysis and associations using the Chi- square test were presented in tables and charts.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 28±6.7years. About half, 193 (47.1%) of the respondents, used traditional herbs to treat malaria in pregnancy. The pattern of use was periodical as malaria prophylaxis 84 (43.5%) or based on the experiencing of symptoms considered to be due to malaria 80 (41.5%). Traditional herbs were used because they were considered natural and hence safer 113 (58.5%), cheaper 101 (52.3%), more effective 97 (50.3%), and more acceptable based on respondents' traditional beliefs 79 (40.0%).
Conclusion: The majority of pregnant women who utilized traditional herbs did so only occasionally for the prevention and treatment of malaria. The perceptions of using herbal remedies to treat malaria during pregnancy were largely supportive of this practice. As vital as it is to inform pregnant women about the risks of utilizing herbs to treat malaria during pregnancy, consideration must also be given to regulating usage to ensure safety.
Mundtlighed og translanguaging
Authors: Holmen Anne 
Published: April 2023

Mundtlighed og translanguaging
Abstract
Denne artikel ser på mundtlighed i fremmedsprogsundervisningen som et spørgsmål om elevernes aktive deltagelse i kommunikative aktiviteter og især deres ”willingness to communicate” (McIntyre et al. 1998). ”Willingness to communicate” er et socialpsykologisk begreb, der kombinerer kommunikativ adfærd med en affektiv-kognitiv dimension og andre centrale aspekter af elevernes motivation. I artiklen vil der særligt blive fokuseret på den betydning, som en flersprogethedsdidaktik kan have for elevernes ”willingness to communicate” og dermed også for deres mulighed for at udvikle et produktivt talesprog. Flersprogethedsdidaktikken vil blive præsenteret gennem begrebet translanguaging (Garcia et al. 2017), hvis relevans for en nordisk sprogpædagogik der vil blive argumenteret for gennem undervisningseksempler fra nordiske kontekster (Daryai-Hansen & Albrechtsen 2018, Juvonen & Källkvist 2021). Særligt vil der blive argumenteret for, at et målrettet resursesyn på alle elevers mange sprog vil styrke deres sproglige selvtillid generelt og i relation til fremmedsproget i særdeleshed. Centralt i udviklingen af et sådant resursesyn står Cummins´ begreb om ”teaching for transfer” (Cummins 2017).