bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anionic Solid Solution MXene for Low‐Dosage NIR‐II Tumor Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Tang Xinfeng , Zhu Yanhua , Duan Delong , Zhai Xingwu , Xia Yujian , Xu Tao , Liu Qian , Zhang Hui , Zhou Min 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to the deep biological penetrability and therapeutic depth, the photothermal therapy over second near‐infrared region (NIR‐II) is booming against deep‐seated tumors. Intensive endeavors are committed to looking for suitable photothermal agents (PTAs), but the progress seems not so satisfied toward the choice of PTA dosage. Herein, a comprehensive parameter, incident photon‐to‐thermal conversion coefficient (IPTCE), is used to evaluate the overall conversion of PTAs at different dosage, which will benefit for determining the optimized dosage of PTAs in pursuit of complete healing together with reduced long‐term damages of nanodrugs. To prove the possibility, a series of anionic solid solution MXenes are chosen as hosts due to their versatile chemical compositions and correspondingly tunable light response. By deconvoluting fundamental structure–composition–property relationships, anionic regulation with extra electron injection leads to tunable free carrier densities and enhanced NIR‐II harvesting. Ti3C1.23N0.77 with high‐level nitrogen exhibits extraordinary extinction coefficient (43.5 L g−1 cm−1) than other MXenes. The parameter of IPTCE can guide the choice of PTA concentration for complete photothermal healing in vitro and vivo. This proof‐of‐principle demonstration highlights synthetically tailoring of the light harvesting over NIR‐II biowindow for a given host material by anionic regulation and further optimizes tumor photothermal therapy at low dose.
New Charge Carrier Transport‐Assisting Paths in Ultra‐Long GaN Microwire UV Photodetector
Authors: Um Dae‐Young , Chandran Bagavath , Kim Ji‐Yeon , Oh Jeong‐Kyun , Kim Sung‐Un , An Jong Uk , Lee Cheul‐Ro , Ra Yong‐Ho 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGaN‐based materials are the hottest research topic in UV photodetectors (PDs) because of their low operating voltage, small volume, long lifetime, high‐temperature resistance, and low energy consumption. However, there are still fundamental issues to be overcome, and the most important issue is to get a photoconductive gain. In this paper, the following new approaches are provided to innovatively improve the photoconductive gain of UV PDs in GaN‐based materials. First, the aspect ratio of the 1D GaN microwire (MW) structure is dramatically improved by analyzing the pulse growth mechanism using the metal‐organic vapor deposition system. Second, the comprehensive strain behavior in the MW epitaxial growth system is successfully analyzed. Third, the fabricated metal‐semiconductor‐metal‐based MW UV PD shows photoresponsivity and sensitivity of 28.365 A W−1 and 93.16%, respectively, at the −2 V bias, which significantly outperforms the conventional structures in the UV region. Finally, a trap‐assisted Poole–Frenkel effect‐based energy bandgap mechanism, that allows the defect level formed by lattice mismatch between the substrate and GaN to be used as an electron carrier path, is newly defined. This study will present the direction of future UV PDs by providing a new MW structure based on GaN materials, a third‐generation semiconductor.
An Intelligent Robotic System Capable of Sensing and Describing Objects Based on Bimodal, Self‐Powered Flexible Sensors
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Duo Youning , Chen Xingyu , Chen Bohan , Bu Tianzhao , Li Lei , Duan Jinxi , Zuo Zonghao , Wang Yun , Fang Bin , Sun Fuchun , Xu Kun , Ding Xilun , Zhang Chi , Wen Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study presents an intelligent soft robotic system capable of perceiving, describing, and sorting objects based on their physical properties. This work introduces a bimodal self‐powered flexible sensor (BSFS) based on the triboelectric nanogenerator and giant magnetoelastic effect. The BSFS features a simplified structure comprising a magnetoelastic conductive film and a packaged liquid metal coil. The BSFS can precisely detect and distinguish touchless and tactile models, with a response time of 10 ms. By seamlessly integrating the BSFSs into the soft fingers, this study realizes an anthropomorphic soft robotic hand with remarkable multimodal perception capabilities. The touchless signals provide valuable insights into object shape and material composition, while the tactile signals offer precise information regarding surface roughness. Utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN), this study integrates all sensing information, resulting in an intelligent soft robotic system that accurately describes objects based on their physical properties, including materials, surface roughness, and shapes, with an accuracy rate of up to 97%. This study may lay a robotic foundation for the hardware of the general artificial intelligence with capacities to interpret and interact with the physical world, which also serves as an interface between artificial intelligence and soft robots.
A Skin‐Bioinspired Urchin‐Like Microstructure‐Contained Photothermal‐Therapy Flexible Electronics for Ultrasensitive Human‐Interactive Sensing
Authors: Lu Ming , Huang Chenlin , Xu Zhishan , Yuan Yue , Wang Mingcheng , Xiao Mingyue , Zhang Liqun , Wan Pengbo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWearable electronic sensors have attracted extensive attention in multifunctional electronic skin, personalized health monitoring, intelligent human–machine interaction, and smart medical treatment. However, critical challenge exists in simultaneously achieving excellent sensing performances with high sensitivity, rapid response, low sensing limit, and excellent cycling stability for full‐scale human healthcare detection and further timely photothermal therapy. For highly sensitive human skin, the spinosum microstructure in epidermis and dermis takes an important part in sensing signal amplification and transmission. Inspired by the spinosum microstructure of human skin for highly sensitive tactile perception, a skin‐inspired flexible electronic sensor is prepared from the face‐to‐face assembly of an as‐prepared polybutylene adipate‐polyurethane (PBAPU) elastomer matrix with conducting MXene nanosheets‐coated urchin‐like microstructure templated from natural chrysanthemum pollen grain microstructures, and an interdigitated electrode‐coated PBAPU elastomer substrate. The PBAPU elastomer matrix is newly prepared, exhibiting outstanding tensile strength (18.87 MPa), high stretchability (1190%), and comparable elastic modulus (1.7 MPa) to human skin. The as‐assembled flexible electronic sensor exhibits a highly sensitive sensitivity (up to 784.02 kPa−1), low detection limit (0.12 Pa), and reliable cycling stability for intelligent human–machine interfacing. The MXene nanosheets‐coated urchin‐like microstructure‐contained PBAPU possesses efficient photothermal heating performance to achieve on‐demand photothermal therapy for rehabilitation training.
Ultrathin 2D Pd/Cu Single‐Atom MOF Nanozyme to Synergistically Overcome Chemoresistance for Multienzyme Catalytic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Guan Xiaowen , Ge Xiyang , Dong Hongliang , Wei Juanjuan , Ouyang Jin , Na Na 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) have obtained increasing interest to mimic natural enzymes for efficient cancer therapy, while challenged by chemoresistance from cellular redox homeostasis and the interface of reductive species in tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a dual single‐atomic ultrathin 2D metal organic framework (MOF) nanosheet of multienzyme (Pd/Cu SAzyme@Dzy) is prepared to synergistically overcome chemoresistance for multienzyme enhanced cancer catalytic therapy. The Pd SAzyme exhibits peroxidase (POD)‐like catalytic activity for overcoming chemoresistance via disturbing cellular redox balance. This is further enhanced by cascade generation of more ∙OH via Cu+‐catalyzed POD‐like reactions, initiated by in situ‐reduction of Cu2+ into Cu+ upon GSH depletion. This process can also avoid the consumption of ∙OH by endogenous reductive GSH in TME, ensuring the adequate amount of ∙OH for highly efficient therapy. Besides, the DNAzyme is also delivered for gene therapy of silencing cancer‐cell‐targeting VEGFR2 protein to further enhance the therapy. Based on both experiments and theoretical calculations, the synergetic multienzyme‐based cancer therapy is examined and the enhancement by the cascade tumor antichemoresistance is revealed.
What We have Learnt from PM6:Y6
Authors: Shoaee Safa , Luong Hoang M. , Song Jiage , Zou Yingping , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen , Neher Dieter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the past three years, remarkable advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged, propelled by the introduction of Y6—an innovative A‐DA'D‐A type small molecule non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA). This review provides a critical discussion of the current knowledge about the structural and physical properties of the PM6:Y6 material combination in relation to its photovoltaic performance. The design principles of PM6 and Y6 are discussed, covering charge transfer, transport, and recombination mechanisms. Then, the authors delve into blend morphology and degradation mechanisms before considering commercialization. The current state of the art is presented, while also discussing unresolved contentious issues, such as the blend energetics, the pathways of free charge generation, and the role of triplet states in recombination. As such, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the PM6:Y6 material combination and its potential for further development in the field of organic solar cells. By addressing both the successes and challenges associated with this system, this review contributes to the ongoing research efforts toward achieving more efficient and stable organic solar cells.
Structurally‐Distorted RuIr‐Based Nanoframes for Long‐Duration Oxygen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Liu Shangheng , Tan Huang , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Zhang Qiaobao , Lin Haiping , Li Ling , Hu Zhiwei , Huang Wei‐Hsiang , Pao Chih‐Wen , Lee Jyh‐Fu , Kong Qingyu , Shao Qi , Xu Yong , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), yet the electrocatalysts still suffer from the disadvantages of low activity and poor stability in acidic conditions. Here, a new class of CdRu2IrOx nanoframes with distorted structure for acidic OER is successfully fabricated. Impressively, CdRu2IrOx displays an ultralow overpotential of 189 mV and an ultralong stability of 1500 h at 10 mA cm⁻2 toward OER in 0.5 M H2SO4. Moreover, a PEMWE using the distorted CdRu2IrOx can be steadily operated at 0.1 A cm⁻2 for 90 h. Microstructural analyses and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) demonstrate that the synergy between Ru and Ir in CdRu2IrOx induces the distortion of Ru−O, Ir−O, and Ru−M (M = Ru, Ir) bonds. In situ XAS indicates that the applied potential leads to the deformation octahedral structure of RuOx/IrOx and the formation of stable Ru5+ species for OER. Theoretical calculations also reveal that the distorted structures can reduce the energy barrier of rate‐limiting step during OER. This work provides an efficient strategy for constructing structural distortion to achieve significant enhancement on the activity and stability of OER catalysts.
Detection of Extreme Acidity Based on Carbon Dots: One‐Step Gram‐Scaled Syntheses, Ratiometric Emission Photoluminescent Probe, and Hand‐Held Visual Detection
Authors: Gao Tian , Zhang Jiaojiao , Guo Shengnan , Qiang Yuwen , Wan Qian , Xie Lin , Xu Huan , Liu Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is a significant challenge to develop acidity probes suitable for use in extremely acidic conditions, especially to achieve real‐time on‐site detection. In this work, carbon dots (CDs) are synthesized on a gram‐scale under mild conditions using 3‐phenylpropionaldehyde as precursors. The CDs have excellent robustness, showing distinguished anti‐photobleaching and ionic stability. Dramatically, a visual transition of the fluorescent color of CDs from cyan to orange is observed when the concentration of H+ ([H+]) increased under high acidity conditions, owing to the generation of another emission peak in the red‐light region. Taking advantage of the optical properties, CDs are designed as a ratiometric sensing platform for the detection of extreme acidity. Furthermore, the platform for [H+] possesses high selectivity and excellent anti‐interference capability. In extremely acidic wastewater, I595 nm/I480 nm and [H+] maintain a very good linear relationship (R2 = 0.996). Moreover, a smartphone is employed to obtain the red‐green‐blue (RGB) values of the samples to realize hand‐held detection. By measuring the R/G, the platform exhibits ultrasensitive recognition of [H+] in the range of 1–9 mol L−1 with R2 of 0.992. This work paves an avenue for the design of rapid and on‐site CDs based sensors for critical environmental applications.
Oxygen Plasma Treatment to Enable Indium Oxide MESFET Devices
Authors: Schöppach Fabian , Splith Daniel , von Wenckstern Holger , Grundmann Marius 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetal‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MESFET) devices based on pulsed laser deposition (PLD) grown In2O3 thin films with on–off ratios exceeding 6 orders of magnitude and low sub‐threshold swing values close to the thermodynamic limit are reported. Oxygen plasma treatment and compensation doping with Mg are utilized to suppress the accumulation of electrons at the surface of In2O3, which is a major obstacle for its use as an active material in electronic devices. The influence of both methods is investigated on the electrical properties of thin films as determined by Hall effect measurements on samples of varying film thickness. Using the performance of vertical Schottky barrier diodes as a benchmark, fundamental plasma parameters such as input power and background gas pressure are optimized.
Partially Air‐Filled Skin‐Attachable Deformable Gasket with Negative Poisson's Ratio for Highly‐Efficient Stretchable Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Choi Hyekyoung , Min Bok‐Ki , Joo Sung‐Jae , Kim Bong‐Seo , Lee Kyoungho , Kang Hyelin , Sim Yeon Hyang , Yun Min Ju , Lee Dong Yoon , Cha Seung I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWearable thermoelectric generators (WTEGs) have relied on soft encapsulation materials typically used for the structural support of thermoelectric legs. Heat loss through the filler and low heat transfer via the mismatched contact with the skin causes a small temperature gradient between the human body (hot side) and the natural environment (cold side). Instead of using soft encapsulation materials, a partially air‐filled deformable gasket is purposed for leg support, achieving the thermal isolation of thermoelectric legs by preventing parasitic heat transfer. The WTEG comprising the deformable gasket exhibits a 30% larger temperature gradient than that with conventional encapsulant structures filled with soft materials. Additionally, the deformable gasket shows an auxetic metastructure owing to its negative Poisson's ratio, reversibly responding to changes in their environment, which is suitable for skin‐like stretchable wearable devices. The band type of WTEG with the optimized leg geometry and fill factor shows a power output of 2 uW cm−2 for eight pairs of thermocouples, a record‐high value among the stretchable TEGs obtained indoors at room temperature (23 °C) without wind. This approach paves the way for the efficient conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy and broadens potential applications for self‐powered wearable electronics.
Molecular‐scale hybrid membranes: Metal‐oxo cluster crosslinked benzimidazole‐linked polymer membranes for superior H2 purification
Authors: Guo Zhecheng , Cong Shenzhen , Luan Liping , Li Min , Luo Chenglian , Wang Caixia , Wang Zhi , Liu Xinlei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydrogen (H2) purification requires separation membranes with excellent performance and high stability. Here, a few nanometer‐sized Zr‐oxygen clusters (CP‐2) abundant in amino groups were incorporated in benzimidazole‐linked polymers (BILPs) by interfacial polymerization (IP) to fabricate molecular‐scale hybrid membranes for efficient H2/CO2 separation. The amino groups in CP‐2 engage in IP. The structure of the BILPs polymer chains is regulated and more H2 selective channels are created. The hybrid membranes provide an H2/CO2 selectivity of up to 75.2 (with a corresponding H2 permeance of 318 GPU) and a high H2 permeance of up to 1470 GPU (with a corresponding H2/CO2 selectivity of 23.6). In addition, the membranes exhibit satisfactory separation performance and durability under industry‐relevant conditions (573 K, 11 bar, or steam treatment).
The heritability of blood‐based biomarkers related to risk of Alzheimer's disease in a population‐based sample of early old‐age men
Authors: Gillespie Nathan A. , Elman Jeremy A. , McKenzie Ruth E. , Tu Xin M. , Xian Hong , Reynolds Chandra A. , Panizzon Matthew S. , Lyons Michael J. , Eglit Graham M. L. , Neale Michael C. , Rissman Robert A. , Franz Carol , Kremen William S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDespite their increased application, the heritability of Alzheimer's disease (AD)–related blood‐based biomarkers remains unexplored.METHODSPlasma amyloid beta 40 (Aβ40), Aβ42, the Aβ42/40 ratio, total tau (t‐tau), and neurofilament light (NfL) data came from 1035 men 60 to 73 years of age (μ = 67.0, SD = 2.6). Twin models were used to calculate heritability and the genetic and environmental correlations between them.RESULTSAdditive genetics explained 44% to 52% of Aβ42, Aβ40, t‐tau, and NfL. The Aβ42/40 ratio was not heritable. Aβ40 and Aβ42 were genetically near identical (rg = 0.94). Both Aβ40 and Aβ42 were genetically correlated with NfL (rg = 0.35 to 0.38), but genetically unrelated to t‐tau.DISCUSSIONExcept for Aβ42/40, plasma biomarkers are heritable. Aβ40 and Aβ42 share mostly the same genetic influences, whereas genetic influences on plasma t‐tau and NfL are largely unique in early old‐age men. The absence of genetic associations between the Aβs and t‐tau is not consistent with the amyloid cascade hypothesis.
Potential Controllable Redox Couple for Mild and Efficient Lithium Recovery from Spent Batteries
Authors: Chang Xin , Fan Min , Yuan Boheng , Gu Chao‐Fan , He Wei‐Huan , Li Chen , Feng Xi‐Xi , Xin Sen , Meng Qinghai , Wan Li‐Jun , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe prosperity of the lithium‐ion battery market is dialectically accompanied by the depletion of corresponding resources and the accumulation of spent batteries. It is an urgent priority to develop green and efficient battery recycling strategies for helping ease resources and environmental pressures at the current stage. Here, we propose a mild and efficient lithium extracting strategy based on potential controllable redox couples. Active lithium in the spent battery without discharging is extracted using a series of tailored aprotic solutions comprised of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ethers. This ensures a safe yet efficient recycling process with nearly ≈100 % lithium recovery. We further investigate the Li+‐electron concerted redox reactions and the effect of solvation structure on kinetics during the extraction, and broaden the applicability of the Li‐PAHs solution. This work can stimulate new inspiration for designing novel solutions to meet efficient and sustainable demands in recycling batteries.
A Chemoselective Polarity‐Mismatched Photocatalytic C(sp3)−C(sp2) Cross‐Coupling Enabled by Synergistic Boron Activation**
Authors: Brals Jeremy , McGuire Thomas M. , Watson Allan J. B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe report the development of a C(sp3)−C(sp2) coupling reaction using styrene boronic acids and redox‐active esters under photoredox catalysis. The reaction proceeds through an unusual polarity‐mismatched radical addition mechanism that is orthogonal to established processes. Synergistic activation of the radical precursor and organoboron are critical mechanistic events. Activation of an N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) ester by coordination to boron enables electron transfer, with decomposition leading to a nucleofuge rebound, activating the organoboron to radical addition. The unique mechanism enables chemoselective coupling of styrene boronic acids in the presence of other alkene radical acceptors. The scope and limitations of the reaction, and a detailed mechanistic investigation are presented.
Interfacial Engineering for Efficient Low‐Temperature Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Weilun , Yang Tinghuan , Liu Chou , Wang Yajie , Wang Shiqiang , Du Yachao , Wu Nan , Huang Wenliang , Wang Shumei , Wang Zhichao , Chen Xin , Feng Jiangshan , Zhao Guangtao , Ding Zicheng , Pan Xu , Zou Pengchen , Yao Jianxi , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Zhao Kui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotovoltaic technology with low weight, high specific power in cold environments, and compatibility with flexible fabrication is highly desired for near‐space vehicles and polar region applications. Herein, we demonstrate efficient low‐temperature flexible perovskite solar cells by improving the interfacial contact between electron‐transport layer (ETL) and perovskite layer. We find that the adsorbed oxygen active sites and oxygen vacancies of flexible tin oxide (SnO2) ETL layer can be effectively decreased by incorporating a trace amount of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). The effective defects elimination at the interfacial increases the electron mobility of flexible SnO2 layer, regulates band alignment at the perovskite/SnO2 interface, induces larger perovskite crystal growth, and improves charge collection efficiency in a complete solar cell. Correspondingly, the improved interfacial contact transforms into high‐performance solar cells under one‐sun illumination (AM 1.5G) with efficiencies up to 23.7 % at 218 K, which might open up a new era of application of this emerging flexible photovoltaic technology to low‐temperature environments such as near‐space and polar regions.
Does the Type of Surgical Headwear Worn in the OR Matter? A Review of Evidence and Opinions
Authors: Beesoon Sanjay , Sydora Beate C. , Klassen Tara , Baron Timothy , Robert Jill , Khadaroo Rachel , White Jonathan , Brindle Mary , Barker Lesley , Spruce Lisa 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTProper surgical attire is essential in decreasing surgical site infections; however, the effectiveness of the different types of headwear is a controversial topic. We conducted a narrative review based on studies identified through a focused literature search to summarize and critically assess evidence and opinions on the most appropriate type of headwear for OR personnel. We included 48 articles: 17 original research studies and 31 non–peer‐reviewed articles of various types. Research published before 2014 mostly supports the complete coverage of all hair, which aligns with the 2015 AORN guidelines. However, more recent literature rebuts these guidelines and emphasizes the importance of clean headwear. Although earlier studies (published before 2017) lacked scientific rigor, later studies (published after 2017) have other various limitations, including missing data on compliance, surgery‐related techniques, and surgical attire other than headwear. The findings from this review highlight the importance of solid evidence‐based guidelines and expert collaboration.