bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are counselling psychologists experiencing ‘a clinical apartheid’ within the NHS?
Authors: Benanti Jane 
Published: January 2023

Many qualified counselling psychologists working for the National Health Service (NHS) and counselling psychology trainees intending to seek posts within it, are frequently dismayed by what they perceive as ‘clinical apartheid’ or professional discrimination by their clinical psychologist colleagues.Anecdotal evidence appears to confirm that if counselling psychologists manage to obtain a permanent post on a Whitley or equivalent NHS scale it is usually in Primary Care involving almost exclusively direct client contact work. Consultancy and research opportunities are rarely incorporated into a counselling psychology post. Grades offered tend to be lower than those offered to clinical psychologists, reinforcing the belief of counselling psychologists that they are viewed as lacking in competence in comparison with their clinically trained colleagues. Some bemoan the reality that the post and grade offered do not reflect their academic learning, professional status and expertise. Many areas of the clinical psychology service (apart from rare exceptions) are almost always off-limits to counselling psychologists.In view of the perceived bias within clinical psychology departments, I informally interviewed 20 Chartered Counselling Psychologists in England and Wales. It is apparent that counselling psychologists employed in a community mental health team on spine point 33 (Whitley) or above is a very rare occurrence indeed. Therefore, the aim of my pilot study is to try to establish whether there is ‘clinical apartheid’ and if there is, on what pretext is it founded. Conclusions may be drawn that the current structure of counselling psychology needs to change if it is to develop and have parity with clinical psychology within the NHS.
A.I.
Authors: Rizq Rosemary 
Published: January 2023

’One must learn to think well before learning to think; afterwards it proves too difficult.’(Anatole France).‘There is that within us…which is capricious and for which the language of explanation is inappropriate. We are made of shadow as well as of light, of heat as well as dust. Naturalism, the philosophy of the visible, cannot capture us, for we exceed. We fear this in ourselves, our boundary-breaking, ruledisproving, shape-shifting, transgressive, trespassing shadow-self, the true ghost in our machine … Not in the afterlife … but here on earth, the spirit escapes the chains of what we know ourselves to be. It may rise in wrath, inflamed by its captivity, and lay reason’s world to waste.’Rushdie (2001).
Discussion paper on Psychological Testing
Authors: Sequeira Heather , Van Scoyoc Susan 
Published: January 2023

Throughout the history of counselling psychology in the UK, the use of testing has been contentious. This paper does not attempt to state a position on this matter but rather, intends to present the key considerations for counselling psycho-logists before making their own decision on test use.Counselling psychologists are advised to remain mindful of the humanist underpinnings of counselling psychology in the UK and ensure that their decision ensures the integration of the philosophy and practice.This discussion paper on psychological testing is understood to be congruent with theGuidelines for the Professional Practice of Counselling Psychology(BPS, July 1998).‘Counselling psychology acknowledges … its place within mainstream professional psychological practice. It continues to develop models of practice and research which marry the scientific demand for rigorous empirical enquiry with a firm value base grounded in the primacy of the counselling/psychotherapeutic relationship’
Counselling across a language gap: The therapist’s experience
Authors: Stevens Susan , Holland Paul 
Published: January 2023

This qualitative study investigates the impact on the therapeutic relationship when client and therapist do not share a mother tongue. Using a grounded theory method, it analyses and describes the accounts of 12 monolingual English-as-mother tongue therapists working in English with clients who speak English as an additional language (EAL).The therapists related their experiences of working with adult refugees, international students, non-UK employees of multinational corporations, and first and subsequent generations of migrants into the UK. The therapists identified factors in themselves, and in their clients, which: (a) threatened the therapeutic relationship (fragmenting factors); and (b) strengthened the therapeutic relationship (integrating factors).The five fragmenting factors are here conceptualised as blocks, uncertainties, apprehensions, unknowns and other differences. The five integrating factors are conceptualised as: the therapist’s view of the relationship, the therapist’s view of the client, the therapist’s own experience of difference, the therapist’s view of understanding, and the rewards for the therapist.
Client contact styles in online therapeutic work via e-mail
Authors: Stummer Gudrun 
Published: January 2023

E-mail is a cost effective and convenient way of connecting clients and professionals. The emerging research into online psychotherapy, counselling and advice work suggests that e-mail does enable effective therapeutic work. The present article discusses client contact styles used to engage with an online advice service, which is part of an action research project into the development and running of an online sexual health and relationship skills website called Sex-and-Relationships1.The methodology used for this study was action research, a cyclical process of enquiry, which uses both qualitative and quantitative data. It has been used to explore and develop practice-based and situational knowledge of how to best deliver an online advice or counselling service via Sex-and-Relationships. This article will present figures for overall usage of the e-mail advice service over two years to contextualise data on how service users have engaged with the service.Two client contact styles are identifiable in the data, namely single question-response pairs and in-depth, therapeutic dialogues, which will be illustrated by two case vignettes. Both contact styles are appropriate with respect to individual clients’ needs and can be supported via e-mail. Practitioners working online need to have considerable experience of offline long-term work to engage in therapeutic dialogue online, but also need to be able to tolerate the abruptness of the majority of short online exchanges.
Treasures old and new in a decade of change
Authors: Hammersley Diane 
Published: January 2023

Having a Spring clean or moving on provides an opportunity to turn out and re-examine the treasures from the past. Whether they have been proudly on display or tucked away in an attic, these treasures need to be re-assessed to see whether they are still as valuable as they were once thought to be, are no longer of any use or desperately important, need to be left behind or rescued and cleaned up to take with us on our journey into the future. Sometimes in a dark and rarely visited corner, lies a treasure of great worth that may have been overlooked.This presentation examines the treasures we started out with to see if they are still worthwhile, what has become our junk, what might be re-cycled and given away to someone else, and what we cannot go on without but must preserve at all costs. Our history as counselling psychologists contains all these kinds of treasures, some of which are no longer fit for purpose and some will be seen as indispensible. The presenter of this talk will not decide and define what these are but will propose some ways for each of us to make our own evaluation.
The Teenage Psychotherapy First XI: On learning from the beautiful game
Authors: Gaffney Paul 
Published: January 2023

This paper attempts to give an overview of what counselling psychologists can offer in the arena of child and family work. This paper is written from the perspective of working with a broad range of young people including what are referred to as ‘difficult’ or ‘hard to reach’ adolescents, sometimes in crisis.In order to highlight the importance of developing as a therapist, rather than slavishly endorsing one approach over another, the paper focuses on clinical pointers that I have found useful in my work, described here as ‘The Teenage Psychotherapy First XI’. Within these pointers, I outline the need to be flexible in every situation, reflect upon what has worked well in practice and continuously learn about the therapeutic process and my role in it. Clearly, it is a work in progress.
What do clients have to say about therapy?
Authors: Bonsmann Christine 
Published: January 2023

AimsThis research explored the experience of therapy from the perspective of the client. It was felt that hearing clients’ stories may inform the work of counselling psychologists by increasing awareness of what matters to clients in therapy.MethodNarrative methodologies were used which enable the rich meaning of an individual’s experience to be co-created. Four co-researchers were invited to participate in research conversations to share their experience of being a client in therapy.FindingsClient’s concerns such as congruence, pacing, power, boundaries and ethics emerge from the individual stories. Client ambivalence and power emerge as themes and these are consistent with the literature (McLeod, 1990). The relevance of narrative methodologies to counselling psychology research is identified as well as the importance of giving an opportunity for the voice of the client to be heard (Etherington, 2008).Implications for practiceThis research connects to the larger stories about power, boundaries, therapist training, political drives towards time-limited therapy and evidence-based practice. Most importantly, the necessity of a counselling psychologist working ethically is highlighted and the enduring damage caused by unethical practice is made visible within the very personal stories.
Computerised CBT: University students experiences of using an online self-help programme
Authors: Davis-McCabe Catriona , Winthrop Allan 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThis study explores the potential for a computerised self-help programme within the context of a higher education (HE) environment. At Teesside University the CALM Approach(CALM: Computer Aided Lifestyle Management) has been in operation since October 2007. There is a need within HE to cater for the increasing number of students who are presenting with distress in their mental health and well-being and to provide these students with alternatives to the traditional support services.DesignNine students self referred to participate in the study. Participants self-referred to two groups: group 1 attended a face-to-face interview, and group 2 returned an anonymous questionnaire. The study evaluated six face-to-face semi-structured interviews and three anonymous semi-structured questionnaires. All participants had used the CALM Approach during the academic year.Data analysisInterpretive Phenomenological Analysis was used to explore the participants’ experience and personal views of using the CALM Approach.ResultsIn group 1, 10 superordinate themes were established. In group 2, five superordinate themes were established. The themes describe different aspects of how participants experienced using the CALM Approach and how this impacted on their personal and university development.ConclusionsIt was suggested that the CALM Approach is a viable option for providing computerised self-help to meet the mental health and well-being needs of HE students. All participants reported positive experiences and positive changes in their lives as a result of using the CALM Approach. Computerised self-help was seen as a useful support tool for HE students.
Ecopsychology and the person-centred approach: Exploring the relationship
Authors: Blair Lewis 
Published: January 2023

Content and FocusThis article explores the relationship between ecopsychology and the person-centred approach to psychotherapy and counselling. The literatures of both topics are reviewed and areas of fit as well as of conflict are identified. This exploration is situated within the context of climate change and the broader damage to the natural world. Specific person-centred concepts are considered with regard to our relationship with the natural world.ConclusionsConsiderations for the person-centred approach and counselling psychology practice are discussed. In particular, the article highlights ways in which the self may be relocated within a larger ecological context, the possibility of ecologically situated well-being and incongruence, and the relevance of Rogers’ concept of psychological contact to our relationship with the natural world.
Depression, cause or consequence of pathological gambling and its implications for treatment
Authors: O’Brien Clare 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAvailability and access to gambling, due to new licensing laws, is increasing exponentially. Practicing counselling psychologists need to be prepared to treat what is expected to be an increasing prevalence of pathological gambling (PG), and this cannot be done without the appropriate research base to expand our understanding of the condition.Content and FocusThis paper examines available literature on pathological gambling and depression to investigate how depression and PG interact. Selected published papers on the role of depression in pathological gambling were reviewed. Results are suggestive of depression being more a cause for PG than a consequence.ConclusionsLack of consensus in the literature was identified and discussed in light of a pathways model of PG for different types of gambler; emotionally vulnerable or behaviourally conditioned. The implications for counselling psychologists are discussed as the evidence provides validation for different treatment pathways, whether the depression is a cause or a consequence of the gambling behaviour.
Cognitive Relational Therapy
Authors: Walsh Yvonne , Frankland Alan 
Published: January 2023

Content and FocusThis paper describes the development of Cognitive Relational Therapy (CRT), a method of working therapeutically at the intersection between Beck’s Cognitive Therapy and Rogers’ Person-Centred Approach (PCA).ConclusionsSeven arguments are suggested as to how Cognitive Therapy and the Person-Centred Approach intersect. It is posited that: (1) both are meta-theories; (2) there are similarities between the concepts of schema and conditions of worth; (3) the aim or process of therapy in both orientations is to shift the schemata/conditions of worth; (4) both work through the relationship; (5) it is argued that both include a phenomenological focus on client experience; (6) both models are developmental; and (7) both are social constructivist.
Significant processes in Action Research with a group of physiotherapists
Authors: Demarco Melanie , Willig Carla 
Published: January 2023

Content and FocusMost research within counselling psychology utilises traditional research designs which may not allow researchers to be responsive to the needs of their participants. Furthermore, in such methodologies limited emphasis is given to the participants’ experiences of taking part in the research. An Action Research project which entailed the initiation of a well-being team to help promote psychological well-being among a small number of physiotherapists is explored. The researcher’s experience and reflections on significant processes that comprise Action Research are highlighted. Additionally, values of Action Research which are congruent with the core ethos of counselling psychology are outlined.ConclusionsAction Research designs with an emphasis on respecting the co-researchers’ autonomy, empowering them to take ownership and encouraging action can be invaluable to the research endeavours of counselling professionals. Furthermore, counselling practitioners are at an advantage as they can utilise their therapeutic skills to deal with group processes while facilitating Action Research projects.
Effective EPS leadership and organisational learning
Authors: Rowland Kevin 
Published: January 2023

’No profession or service has a God-given right to a future – it has to be earned, i.e. show that it can make a difference.’Rt. Hon. Jacqui Smith, MP for Redditch, Keynote speech, Fourth Annual Southern Educational Psychology Services Residential Conference, 14–15 December, 2000.‘Educational psychology services are entering a period of unprecedented change.’Sharp, Frederickson and Laws (2000, p.98).
An evaluation of structured teaching programmes for reading with Year 1 children
Authors: Moore Lynn , Tansley Jayne 
Published: January 2023

Background:With a growing emphasis on early intervention to prevent reading failure, there is a need to evaluate published reading programmes for their effectiveness, particularly in complementing work in the literacy hour.Aims:A small-scale project was set up to evaluate the effectiveness of two structured reading programmes when used with Year 1 children.Samples:23 Year 1 children in four British primary schools were nominated by their teachers as showing slow progress in developing reading skills. Pre-testing established poor or non-existent phonological awareness and whole-word reading skills, but a knowledge of vocabulary which was normal for their age.Methods:Each group received up to 12 hours’ small-group teaching. Two groups used an approach which concentrated on phonological awareness; the other two groups used a programme which concentrated on teaching children rules for pronunciation of letters.Results:Pre- and post-testing did not indicate a significant difference between the groups in terms of gains in scores; but there was a highly significant difference overall between pre- and post-scores.Comments:This confirms the impact of regular small-group teaching in Year 1 in addressing difficulty in developing reading skill.
Family well-being and disabled children: A psychosocial model of disability-related child behaviour problems
Authors: Woolfson Lisa 
Published: January 2023

Background:When parents receive a diagnosis that their child is disabled, many families adjust to this healthily and cope well, but others do not. Feelings of hopelessness, social isolation of the family within the community and child behaviour problems have all been reported. While utilisation of social support systems is well documented in the literature as being a significant factor in family coping and adjustment to the child’s disability, less attention has been focused on the role of psychological factors.Objective:This theoretical study aims to address this inbalance by integrating perspectives from a social model of disability with psychological research on the role of cognitive change in families’ coping and adjustment to having a disabled child, and thus to produce a new psychosocial model of disability-related child behaviour problems.Method:Negative societal attitudes to disability identified by a social model of disabiity are interpreted with respect to how they might translate to parent views of their disabled child within the family. Resultant parenting beliefs and their possible implications for family interaction, child behaviour and family health and well-being are explored within this new framework.Conclusions: The psychosocial model of disability-related child behaviour problems provides a useful conceptual framework that has both clinical and research implications for professionals working with families with disabled children.
Spirituality in education: Is it worthwhile?
Authors: Bennett Peter Lloyd , Cameron Sean , Gersch Irvine , Carelse Bernadette 
Published: January 2023

This article looks at spirituality from a number of secular and religious perspectives proposing that it has a key role to play in children and young people’s development as well as in the profession of educational psychologists.‘I believe in goodness and in the immense and irresistible power of goodness. I believe in mutual satisfaction of kindness, thoughtfulness, insightfulness and plain old decency. I recognise there is sometimes a darker, shadowy, dark or black side of human beliefs and behaviour. I believe that even in the darkest times goodness still survives.’(Colin Farrell, interview on Raidio Teilifes Eireann, broadcast on 19 April 2009)
Changing school culture and practices – an action research project with soft system methodology used by educational psychology
Authors: Ackerley Susan , Bunn Helena 
Published: January 2023

This article discusses how an organisational change project was used to promote inclusive practice within a small, local authority maintained, rural primary school in the East of England. The project followed a soft systems methodology (Checkland & Scholes, 1990) to develop a sustainable action plan, aimed at utilising the available resources to improve the emotional stability of the school following a significant period of challenge.The impact of the project was reviewed with the participating school staff, six months after the initial project. Evaluation suggested that staff had valued the support from the Educational Psychology Service and changes had been maintained, thus increasing school’s resilience in dealing with subsequent challenges they encountered.The project assumes a number of implications for practice. Firstly, in a local climate where schools are under a multitude of pressures and where educational psychology services are typically seen as offering casework support, it offered an alternative and innovative way of working, positioning the educational psychologists as truly scientist practitioners, not only in their own views, but also for the school involved. Secondly, it is hoped this practice, by its own nature, has produced long term, systemic changes, for the school, and ultimately the children it serves. Lastly, the authors hope that such work will gain popularity amongst schools and colleagues working in the field of educational psychology, as although not involving a quick ‘fix’ of individual, child specific problems, it is deemed to be an effective use of human and financial resources for schools, long term.
How effective are computer or tablet-based mathematical interventions in improving numeracy skills in young children?
Authors: Lakhani Noureen 
Published: January 2023

The importance of numeracy has been widely acknowledged as a foundation for lifelong learning, which must be harnessed from an early age to support young people’s success in the wider curriculum and other activities beyond the classroom (Ofsted, 2018). One tool to encourage numeracy skill development in young children is the use of computer or tablet-based mathematical interventions, using app technology to support teaching staff in creating an accessible and active learning environment. The current systematic literature review explored how effective computer or tablet-based mathematical interventions are in improving numeracy skills in young children. Five papers were selected for meeting the inclusion criteria and were evaluated to facilitate the critical review of the evidence.The studies focused on numeracy skill outcomes following the use of a computer or tablet-based mathematical intervention implemented in the classroom. Analysis of each paper revealed small and large effect sizes, pooled to give an overall small, non-significant effect size in a meta-analysis. Conclusions about the effectiveness of computer or tablet-based mathematical interventions are limited, which is discussed alongside suggested areas for future research.