bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocatechuic acid inhibits LPS‐induced mastitis in mice through activating the pregnane X receptor
Authors: Zhao Lihua , Jin Lei , Yang Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMastitis refers to the inflammation in the mammary gland caused by various reasons. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) exerts anti‐inflammatory effect. However, no studies have shown the protective role of PCA on mastitis. We investigated the protective effect of PCA on LPS‐induced mastitis in mice and elucidated its possible mechanism. LPS‐induced mastitis model was established by injection of LPS into the mammary gland. The pathology of mammary gland, MPO activity and inflammatory cytokine production were detected to evaluate the effects of PCA on mastitis. In vivo, PCA significantly attenuated LPS‐induced mammary pathological changes, MPO activity, TNF‐α and IL‐1β production. In vitro, the production of inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐1β was significantly reduced by PCA. Furthermore, LPS‐induced NF‐κB activation was also inhibited by PCA. In addition, PCA was found to activate pregnane X receptor (PXR) transactivation and PCA dose‐dependently increased the expression of PXR downstream molecule CYP3A4. In addition, the inhibitory effect of PCA on inflammatory cytokine production was also reversed when PXR was knocked down. In conclusion, the protective effects of PCA on LPS‐induced mastitis in mice through regulating PXR.
Therapeutic potential of melatonin in the intervertebral disc degeneration through inhibiting the ferroptosis of nucleus pulpous cells
Authors: Dou Xinyu , Ma Yunlong , Luo Qipeng , Song Chunyu , Liu Meijuan , Liu Xiao , Jia Donglin , Li Shuiqing , Liu Xiaoguang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFerroptosis, a novel type of cell death mediated by the iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation, contributes to the pathogenesis of the intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Increasing evidence demonstrated that melatonin (MLT) displayed the therapeutic potential to prevent the development of IDD. Current mechanistic study aims to explore whether the downregulation of ferroptosis contributes to the therapeutic capability of MLT in IDD. Current studies demonstrated that conditioned medium (CM) from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated macrophages caused a series of changes about IDD, including increased intracellular oxidative stress (increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, but decreased glutathione levels), upregulated expression of inflammation‐associated factors (IL‐1β, COX‐2 and iNOS), increased expression of key matrix catabolic molecules (MMP‐13, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5), reduced the expression of major matrix anabolic molecules (COL2A1 and ACAN), and increased ferroptosis (downregulated GPX4 and SLC7A11 levels, but upregulated ACSL4 and LPCAT3 levels) in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. MLT could alleviate CM‐induced NP cell injury in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, the data substantiated that intercellular iron overload was involved in CM‐induced ferroptosis in NP cells, and MLT treatment alleviated intercellular iron overload and protected NP cells against ferroptosis, and those protective effects of MLT in NP cells further attenuated with erastin and enhanced with ferrostatin‐1(Fer‐1). This study demonstrated that CM from the LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages promoted the NP cell injury. MLT alleviated the CM‐induced NP cell injury partly through inhibiting ferroptosis. The findings support the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of IDD, and suggest that MLT may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for clinical treatment of IDD.
Effects of the invasive swim bladder parasiteAnguillicola crassuson health and condition indicators in the European eel
Authors: Myrenås Elin , Näslund Joacim , Persson John , Sundin Josefin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractParasites negatively affect biological processes within their hosts, which may alter for example health, growth, and reproductive ability. Non‐native invasive parasites, in particular, may have large effects on the endemic hosts, given that the hosts lack evolved specific defences against such parasites. The swim bladder nematodeAnguillicola crassus, an invasive parasite originating from Asia, is found in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla, L. 1758), since the 1980s. We investigated whetherA. crassusaffected several indicators related to health of the European eel (spleen‐ and liver size, body fat content and relative condition). Our results indicate that during the continental residency of the eels, infection byA. crassushad no major negative impacts on the investigated health indicators at the generally low infection intensities present in this study (median 2–3 visible parasites). Given that many of the adult eels were found to have swim bladder damage, concerns about their spawning migration through deeper oceanic environments can still be raised. To allow further investigations, we suggest that quantification of swim bladder damage should be implemented in eel‐monitoring programs. Compared to other parasite pressure parameters, swim bladder damage provides additional information about past infections and future problems.
A study on the delayed effect of tilapia skin collagen on skin aging for mice and its possible mechanism
Authors: Pu Xinyue , Qu Yan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveStudy the possible mechanism and delayed effect of tilapia skin collagen on skin aging for mice.Materials and MethodsKunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into the aging model group, the normal group, the positive control group (vitamin E) and the low, medium, high dose tilapia skin collagen groups (2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg/g). The normal group was only injected with saline at the back and the neck. The other groups were injected subcutaneously with 5% D‐galactose and ultraviolet light jointly to establish the aging model. After modeling, the positive control group was treated with a dose of 10% vitamin E once a day, and the low, medium, high dose tilapia skin collagen group was separately applied 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg/g of tilapia skin collagen for 40 days. The changes of skin tissue morphology, water content, hydroxyproline (Hyp) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in mice were studied at the day 10, 20, 30, 40, 50.ResultsCompared with the normal group, the skin of mice in the aging model group was thinner, looser, and the skin moisture content, Hyp content, SOD activity were all decreased. For mice of the low, medium, high dose tilapia skin collagen group, the thickness of dermis increased, possessing close arrangement, and the moisture content, Hyp content, SOD activity were up‐regulated significantly, which effectively alleviated the aging process of skin. The dose of tilapia skin collagen was directly proportional to the anti‐aging effect.ConclusionsTilapia skin collagen has an obvious effect on improving skin aging.
Associations of anomalous water temperature, salinity, and pH with change in water color of fish farming ponds
Authors: Chuang Cheng‐Han , Chiu Uei‐Chen , Huang Chang‐Wen , Chang Kuan Y. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMaintaining proper green water is important for a fish farming pond. However, it remains unclear how to translate this important rule into specific water quality characteristics to associate or even forecast changes in water color. To address this issue, we conducted a study based on daily monitoring of six grouper ponds in Fangliao Township, Pingtung, Taiwan, from March to December 2018. We investigated the relationships between changes in water color and anomalies in water temperature, salinity, and pH, as these three parameters had the most complete records. We employed a long‐short‐term memory model to detect water quality anomalies by computing residual values. Our findings indicate that changes in water color were associated with anomalies in these parameters, with water temperature anomalies being the best indicator for early detection. In fact, the top 5% of water temperature anomalies could predict over 40% of the water color changes. Additionally, pH anomalies occurred immediately after the color changes. This rule‐to‐physicochemical‐parameter paradigm that we developed for grouper ponds could be applied to other aquaculture farms. We anticipate that with the help of advanced environmental surveillance models, such as the one we used, the prospect of autonomous fish farming will be realized.
Recreating the future—Indigenous research paradigms in health professional education research
Authors: McKivett Andrea , Paul David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionHealth and self‐determination are recognised as universal human rights. Health professional education research and practice hold the capacity to prioritise values, worldviews and agendas that envisage sustainable and equitable futures for the entire community served. This paper explores the need for the co‐location of Indigenous research paradigms in health professional education research and teaching. Indigenous communities have a long history of science, research and sustainable living and are holders of ways of knowing, being and doing that can shape actions and priorities in health research that value equity and sustainability.DiscussionKnowledge construction in health professional education research does not occur in isolation nor is it value neutral. A continued dominance of the biomedical approach to health creates a system of innovation that is unbalanced and unable to deliver health outcomes demanded by contemporary society. As power and hierarchies are embedded in health professional education research and praxis, transformative action is required to bring forth marginalised voices in research processes. Critical reflexivity regarding the ontological, epistemological, axiological and methodological positioning of researchers is an important step towards creating and sustaining research structures that effectively value and co‐locate different perspectives in knowledge production and translation.ConclusionWorking towards more equitable and sustainable futures for Indigenous and non‐Indigenous communities requires health care systems to be informed and guided by different knowledge paradigms. This can work to avoid the ongoing reproduction of inefficient biomedical structures and purposefully disrupt the status quo of health inequities. Realising this requires the effective co‐location of Indigenous research paradigms and ways of working into health professional education research that centre relationality, wholism, interconnectedness and self‐determination. This calls for a raising of the critical consciousness of health professional education research academies.
Activity of multipurpose contact lens solutions against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Candida albicans biofilms
Authors: Mendonca Jamile Reimann , Dantas Leticia Ramos , Tuon Felipe Francisco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe use of contact lenses has progressively increased around the world, thereby increasing the risk of complications. The most serious complication is microbial keratitis (corneal infection) that can progress to a corneal ulcer.MethodsFourteen multipurpose contact lens solutions were tested on mature biofilms comprising Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Candida albicans, using the minimum disinfection times recommended by the manufacturers. The biofilm was induced in the lens case, and 24 h later, the solutions were added. Activity against planktonic and sessile cells was evaluated and quantified as colony forming units per millilitre. The minimum concentration for biofilm eradication was defined as a 99.9% reduction in viable cells.ResultsAlthough most solutions exhibited activity against planktonic cells, only five of the 14 solutions produced a significant reduction in the S. marcescens biofilm. No solution achieved the minimal biofilm eradication of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans.ConclusionMultipurpose contact lens solutions provide greater bactericidal and/or fungicidal activity on planktonic cells than biofilms. The minimal eradication biofilm concentration was only achieved for S. marcescens.
Retrospective chart review of patient socioeconomic status and language preference associated with live video telehealth in a pediatric dermatology practice
Authors: Zacher Natasha C. , Pickett Kaci L. , Schmiege Sarah J. , Olson Christina A. , Bruckner Anna L. , Kohn Lucinda L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPediatric teledermatology rapidly expanded with the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the impacts of this expansion on patients' access to care have not yet been entirely defined. In this retrospective study of 3027 patients in an academic pediatric dermatology practice, patients who identified as having a primary language other than English were less likely to access pediatric dermatology care during the COVID lockdown. This study did not identify a significant or meaningful difference in age, geography, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, or race between patients who were offered pediatric dermatology care that was either in‐person or via synchronous telehealth. These findings are overall reassuring that there were not major disparities in telehealth utilization during the COVID shelter‐in‐place mandate, although highlight the need for institutions to ensure systems are in place to enhance telehealth access for patients with non‐English primary language.
Ulcerated diaper dermatitis: Child abuse mimicker
Authors: Caldas Stella A. , Murphy Emily , Habeshian Kaiane , Kirkorian Anna Yasmine , Hinds Tanya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIrritant diaper dermatitis is a common dermatologic problem among infants and young children. Severe erosive presentations, although uncommon, are diagnostically challenging and can mimic non‐accidental trauma (NAT). Diagnosing inflicted injury and NAT where it does not exist can cause parental distress, yet failing to diagnose inflicted injury and NAT can result in re‐injury. We describe three cases of severe erosive diaper dermatitis in pediatric patients aged 2–6 years that were initially concerning for inflicted scald burn or neglect.
Analysis of spatial distribution characteristics of electric vehicle sales and service shops and the corresponding influencing factors
Authors: Huang Wenwei , Wu Liangfu , Zeng Xuebin , Sun Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe electric vehicle industry is essential for China's economic transformation and industrial upgrading. Identifying the distribution of electric vehicle sales and service shops is of great significance to boost the development of retail geography theory and promote the optimization of industrial space. Regression and spatial econometric methods analyze the influencing factors of electric vehicle sales and service shop distribution. According to the point of interest data of electric vehicle sales and service shops, taking 10 typical cities in China as an example, the spatial distribution of electric vehicle sales and service shops and its influencing factors are empirically explored by spatial econometric methods. The results indicate the following: (1) From high to low, the influence degree of spatial dependence factors are car license restriction policy, the average age of residents, number of schools, built‐up area, the amount of investment in real estate, electric vehicle sales, and GDP; (2) On the whole, the spatial distribution of electric vehicle sales and service shops shows the characteristics of a multi‐center circle‐layered spatial structure that spreads from the inside to the outside; and (3) The spatial influencing factors such as electric vehicle sales, charging stations, permanent resident population, schools, and subway stations in the four first‐tier cities is evident.
Spaces of change: Everyday gender activism through near‐peer gender and sexuality workshops with young people in the UK
Authors: Boyer Kate , Wood Isabelle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper explores ‘near‐peer’ gender and sexuality workshops taking place in UK secondary schools in support of the nationally required relationships and sex education curriculum. In line with UK law, these workshops promote respect, kindness and communication in a framework that explicitly validates LGBTQI+ identities, relationships and family structures. Based on interviews with 24 gender workshop facilitators, we explore the kind of practices that are needed to create spaces in which young people can openly reflect on their views about gender and sexuality, and advance the above‐noted goals of promoting respect, kindness and empathy for people of all genders and sexualities. We argue that gender workshops constitute an important and under‐explored space of ‘everyday’ activism. We further argue that through practices of atmosphere curation and the near‐peer relational dynamic between facilitators and participants, these workshops create valuable spaces for young people to critically reflect on their views and attitudes about gender and sexuality in a way that does not exist elsewhere. This work extends understanding about the kinds of spatial practices that might be needed to bring forth more positive gender cultures, and deepens our understanding about the experiences and functioning of ‘everyday’ work for social change that takes place outside of ‘high profile’ activist sites such as marches, demonstrations and protests.
Basic haematological tests as inflammatory performance markers of patients treated either by conservative surgery or minor amputation for infected diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Yammine Kaissar , Abou Orm Ghadi , Mouawad Joseph , Assi Chahine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBasic inflammatory markers have been extensively studied to differentiate between non‐infected and infected diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Very rarely, basic haematological tests such as white cell count (WCC) and platelet counts were used as performance markers for DFU infection severity. The aim is to investigate these biomarkers in patients with DFU treated exclusively with surgery. In this retrospective comparative study, we included 154 procedures comparing a conservative surgery group (n = 66 for infected DFU) and a minor amputation group (n = 88 for infected DFU with osteomyelitis). Outcomes were set as the preoperative values of: WCC, neutrophils (N), lymphocytes (L), Monocytes (M), Platelets (P), red cell distribution width (RDW) and the ratios N/L, L/M and P/L. Area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was calculated based on the diagnosis of minor amputation as a positive result. Cutoff point values with the highest sensitivity and specificity were obtained for each outcome. The highest AUC values were for WCC (0.68), neutrophils (0.68), platelets (0.7) and P/L ratio (0.69) with corresponding cut‐off values of 10,650/mm3, 76%, 234,000/mcL and 265, respectively. The highest sensitivity was for the platelet count (81.5%) while the highest specificity was for L/M (89%) and P/L ratios (87%). Postoperative values showed similar results. Simple routine blood tests could serve as inflammatory performance markers to help predict the severity of infection in patients treated surgically for infected DFU.
Pulsed Impinging Jets for Heat Transfer: A Short Review
Authors: Saliba Georges C. , Batikh Ahmad , Colin Stéphane , Baldas Lucien 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Because of their effectiveness and adaptability, impinging jets have found their way into a host of applications ranging from cooling turbine blades, to heat management of electronic systems. With constantly increasing demand for efficient and compact cooling systems in certain industries, such as the aerospace or electronics industries, variations on the textbook-setup of an impinging jet have been studied over the years. One such variation introduces a periodic disturbance into the jet that can have an effect on both the structure of flow and the thermal boundary layer at the target surface. In what follows is a short overview of studies having used pulsed jets, often in tandem with other modifications, to try and improve heat transfer. Special attention was also given to the methods by which the periodic disturbance can be produced since they involve setups of different levels of complexity and having different implementation costs.
Numerical Modeling and Experimental Study of Solidification Behavior of Al-Mg2Si Composite Sheet Fabricated Using Continuous Casting Route
Authors: Saini Dheeraj Kumar , Jha Pradeep Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Owing to manufacturing challenges, the fabrication of thin sheets of metal matrix composites has been an area of concern for sheet manufacturers. Converting a billet of composite into a sheet using rolling and extrusion is quite energy-intensive and prone to cracking using the conventional casting route. To address this issue, this study explores the development of particle-reinforced near eutectic Al-Mg2Si composite sheets using a vertical twin-roll continuous casting process. The numerical simulation involves fluid flow, solidification, and heat transfer analysis of the twin-roll continuous casting process for producing thin strips. Processing parameters such as the velocity of rolls and superheat temperature of the melt are optimized to successfully convert the melt into a sheet of composite material. A combined numerical and experimental study show that the continuous casting process is more sensitive to the casting speed. A small change in roller speed (2 rpm) significantly affects the solidified fraction at the roller exit. Optimizing the casting speed to 0.072 m/s and inlet temperature to 886 K, an in situ Al-Mg2Si composite sheet of 3 mm thickness is successfully cast. The particle distribution along the casting direction of the sheet is uniform, ensuring the homogeneous mechanical properties reported in terms of hardness. The entire process does not require external stirring to get uniform distribution of the reinforced particles.
Stability and dynamics of scalar field thin-shell for renormalization group improved Schwarzschild black holes
Authors: Javed Faisal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, our main concern is to obtain the geometrical structure of a thin-shell through the match of inner flat and outer the renormalization group improved Schwarzschild black hole through a well-known cut and paste approach. Then, we are interested to discuss the dynamical configuration of thin-shell composed of a scalar field (massive and massless) through an equation of motion and Klein–Gordon’s equation. Finally, the stable configuration of thin-shell is observed through the linearized radial perturbation approach about equilibrium shell radius with a phantomlike equation of state, i.e., quintessence, dark energy, and phantom energy. It is noted that stable/unstable behavior of thin-shell is found after the expected position of the event horizon of an exterior manifold. It is concluded that the stability of a thin-shell is greater for the choice of Schwarzschild black hole as compared to the renormalized group of improved Schwarzschild black holes.