bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus Diagnostic Testing Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Onwuchekwa Chukwuemeka , Atwell Jessica , Moreo Laura Mora , Menon Sonia , Machado Belen , Siapka Mariana , Agarwal Neha , Rubbrecht Michelle , Aponte-Torres Zuleika , Rozenbaum Mark , Curcio Daniel , Nair Harish , Kalina Warren V , Vroling Hilde , Gessner Bradford , Begier Elizabeth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Adding additional specimen types (eg, serology or sputum) to nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) increases respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detection among adults. We assessed if a similar increase occurs in children and quantified underascertainment associated with diagnostic testing.

Methods
We searched databases for studies involving RSV detection in persons &lt;18 years using ≥2 specimen types or tests. We assessed study quality using a validated checklist. We pooled detection rates by specimen and diagnostic tests and quantified performance.

Results
We included 157 studies. Added testing of additional specimens to NP aspirate (NPA), NPS, and/or nasal swab (NS) RT-PCR resulted in statistically nonsignificant increases in RSV detection. Adding paired serology testing increased RSV detection by 10%, NS by 8%, oropharyngeal swabs by 5%, and NPS by 1%. Compared to RT-PCR, direct fluorescence antibody tests, viral culture, and rapid antigen tests were 87%, 76%, and 74% sensitive, respectively (pooled specificities all ≥98%). Pooled sensitivity of multiplex versus singleplex RT-PCR was 96%.

Conclusions
RT-PCR was the most sensitive pediatric RSV diagnostic test. Adding multiple specimens did not substantially increase RSV detection, but even small proportional increases could result in meaningful changes in burden estimates. The synergistic effect of adding multiple specimens should be evaluated.
A Pan-Ebolavirus Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail Provides Protection Against Ebola and Sudan Viruses
Authors: Liu Guodong , He Shihua , Chan Michael , Zhang Zirui , Schulz Helene , Cao Wenguang , Rahim Md Niaz , Audet Jonathan , Garnett Lauren , Wec Anna , Chandran Kartik , Qiu Xiangguo , Banadyga Logan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Filoviruses, including ebolaviruses and marburgviruses, can cause severe and often fatal disease in humans. Over the past several years, antibody therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of filovirus disease. Here, we describe 2 distinct cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from mice immunized with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–based filovirus vaccines. Both mAbs recognized the glycoproteins of multiple different ebolaviruses and exhibited broad but differential in vitro neutralization activities against these viruses. By themselves, each mAb provided partial to full protection against Ebola virus in mice, and in combination, the mAbs provided 100% protection against Sudan virus challenge in guinea pigs. This study identified novel mAbs that were elicited through immunization and able to provide protection from ebolavirus infection, thus enriching the pool of candidate therapeutics for treating Ebola disease.
The Inability of Marburg Virus to Cause Disease in Ferrets Is Not Solely Linked to the Virus Glycoprotein
Authors: Schiffman Zachary , Garnett Lauren , Tran Kaylie N , Cao Wenguang , He Shihua , Emeterio Karla , Tierney Kevin , Azaransky Kim , Strong James E , Banadyga Logan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes lethal disease in ferrets, whereas Marburg virus (MARV) does not. To investigate this difference, we first evaluated viral entry by infecting ferret spleen cells with vesicular stomatitis viruses pseudotyped with either MARV or EBOV glycoprotein (GP). Both viruses were capable of infecting ferret spleen cells, suggesting that lack of disease is not due to a block in MARV entry. Next, we evaluated replication kinetics of authentic MARV and EBOV in ferret cell lines and demonstrated that, unlike EBOV, MARV was only capable of low levels of replication. Finally, we inoculated ferrets with a recombinant EBOV expressing MARV GP in place of EBOV GP. Infection resulted in uniformly lethal disease within 7–9 days postinfection, while MARV-inoculated animals survived until study endpoint. Together these data suggest that the inability of MARV to cause disease in ferrets is not entirely linked to GP.
Exploring the third-generation tetracycline resistance of multidrug-resistant livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST9 across healthcare settings in China
Authors: Chen Yiyi , Sun Lu , Hong Yueqin , Chen Mengzhen , Zhang Hao , Peng Yaqin , Liao Kang , Wang Haiping , Zhu Feiteng , Zhuang Hemu , Wang Zhengan , Jiang Shengnan , Yu Yunsong , Chen Yan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The overuse of antibiotics in livestock is contributing to the burden of antimicrobial resistance in humans, representing a One Health challenge. Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) has recently become a growing concern, and ST9 is the major LA-MRSA lineage in China and has emerged in clinical settings.

Methods
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was used to evaluate the tetracycline resistance of ST9 MRSA collections, and gene cloning experiments were performed to explore the resistance mechanisms. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics were used to analyse the genetic features of clinical ST9 isolates. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to investigate the relationship of human- and livestock-derived ST9 isolates.

Results
Clinical ST9 isolates were found to possess several types of resistance genes and resistance-related mutations and were multidrug-resistant. Notably, all clinical ST9 isolates were resistant to third-generation tetracyclines. Cloning experiments showed that both the acquisition of the tetracycline resistance gene tet(L)/tet(63) and a mutation in the rpsJ gene contributed to third-generation tetracycline resistance. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ST9 isolates collected in healthcare systems were probably transmitted from livestock. The ST9 lineage underwent multiple interspecies recombination events and gained many resistance elements. Furthermore, the resistance to third-generation tetracyclines may have evolved under tetracycline pressure in livestock.

Conclusions
The evolution of ST9 MRSA in livestock and transmission of this clone between humans and livestock highlight the importance of establishing control strategies with the One Health approach to reduce the burden of antibiotic resistance.
Cefotaxime/sulbactam plus gentamicin as a potential carbapenem- and amikacin-sparing first-line combination for neonatal sepsis in high ESBL prevalence settings
Authors: Readman J B , Acman M , Hamawandi A , Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Sharland M , Lindsay J A , Standing J F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Infection with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae infection is ubiquitous in some neonatal ICUs and increasing levels of antibiotic resistance are a cause for urgent concern. Delineation of bacterial and viral sepsis can be challenging, often leading to patients receiving empirical antibiotics without or whilst waiting for a definitive causal diagnosis. Empirical therapy is often dependent on broad-spectrum ‘Watch’ antibiotics, contributing to further resistance.

Methods
ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates found to have caused neonatal sepsis and meningitis underwent a detailed in vitro screening including susceptibility testing, chequerboard combination analysis and hollow-fibre infection model dynamic analyses using combinations of cefotaxime, ampicillin and gentamicin in combination with β-lactamase inhibitors.

Results
Additivity or synergy was found for all antibiotic combinations against seven Escherichia coli and three Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. Cefotaxime or ampicillin plus sulbactam combined with gentamicin was able to consistently inhibit the growth of ESBL-producing isolates at typical neonatal doses, and the combination cleared the hollow-fibre infection model system of organisms resistant to each agent alone. The combination of cefotaxime/sulbactam and gentamicin was consistently bactericidal at clinically achievable concentrations (Cmax of 180, 60 and 20 mg/L for cefotaxime, sulbactam and gentamicin, respectively).

Conclusions
The addition of sulbactam to cefotaxime or ampicillin to the typical first-line empirical therapy could obviate the need for carbapenems and amikacin in settings with high ESBL-infection prevalence.
Role of yceA-cybB-yceB operon in oxidative stress tolerance, swimming motility and antibiotic susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Liao Chun-Hsing , Ku Ren-Hsuan , Li Li-Hua , Wu Cheng-Mu , Yang Tsuey-Ching 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ubiquitous in the environment and is an important MDR opportunistic pathogen. Oxidative stress is an inevitable challenge to an aerobic bacterium. Accordingly, S. maltophilia has many capabilities to face variable oxidative stress. Some of the oxidative stress alleviation systems cross-protect bacteria from antibiotics. In our recent RNA-sequencing transcriptome analysis, we documented the increased expression of a three-gene cluster, yceA-cybB-yceB, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The YceI-like, cytochrome b561 and YceI-like proteins encoded by yceA, cybB and yceB are located in the cytoplasm, inner membrane and periplasm, respectively.

Objectives
To characterize the role of the yceA-cybB-yceB operon of S. maltophilia in oxidative stress tolerance, swimming motility and antibiotic susceptibility.

Methods
The presence of the yceA-cybB-yceB operon was verified by RT–PCR. The functions of this operon were revealed by in-frame deletion mutant construction and complementation assay. Expression of the yceA-cybB-yceB operon was assessed by quantitative RT–PCR.

Results
The yceA, cybB and yceB genes form an operon. Loss of function of the yceA-cybB-yceB operon compromised menadione tolerance, enhanced swimming motility and increased susceptibility to fluoroquinolone and β-lactam antibiotics. The expression of the yceA-cybB-yceB operon was up-regulated by oxidative stress, such as H2O2 and superoxide, and not impacted by antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolone and β-lactams.

Conclusions
The evidence strongly supports the view that the physiological function of the yceA-cybB-yceB operon is to alleviate oxidative stress. The operon provides an additional example that oxidative stress alleviation systems can cross-protect S. maltophilia from antibiotics.
Assessment of the knowledge, attitudes and perceived quality of education about antimicrobial use and resistance of medical students in Zambia, Southern Africa
Authors: Nowbuth Avis A , Monteiro Filipe J , Sheets Lincon R , Asombang Akwi W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat, particularity in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) where antibiotics are readily available, leading to antibiotic misuse. Educational interventions are lacking in Zambia. Our study assessed antimicrobial use and resistance knowledge, attitude and perceived quality of education relating to AMR in Zambian medical schools.

Methods
A cross-sectional anonymous survey of students at six accredited medical schools in Zambia using a self-administered questionnaire was administered, using Qualtrics. Chi-squared, Fisher exact test, Pearson correlation test and Student’s t-tests were performed for descriptive analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between knowledge and antibiotic use, beliefs and behaviours. Analysis was performed in SAS version 9.4.

Results
One hundred and eighty responses from six medical schools were included in the final analysis. Fifty-six percent of students rated their overall education on antibiotic use as useful or very useful. Ninety-one percent thought that antibiotics are overused, and 88% thought resistance was a problem in Zambia. Only 47% felt adequately trained on antibiotic prescribing, and 43% felt confident in choosing the correct antibiotic for specific infections. Only 2% felt prepared interpreting antibiograms, 3% were trained to de-escalate to narrow-spectrum antibiotics, 6% knew how to transition from IV antibiotics to oral antibiotics, 12% knew of dosing and duration, and 14% understood the spectrum of activity of antibiotics. Forty-seven percent of respondents think hand hygiene is unimportant.

Conclusions
Medical students in Zambia expressed a good level of knowledge, but low levels of training and confidence regarding antimicrobial prescribing practices and resistance. Our study highlights training gaps and possible areas of intervention in the medical school curriculum.
Past and Future: Backward and Forward Discounting
Authors: Ray Debraj , Vellodi Nikhil , Wang Ruqu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study a model of time preference in which both current consumption and the memory of past consumption enter “experienced utility”—or the felicity—of an individual. An individual derives overall utility from her own felicity and the anticipated felicities of future selves. These postulates permit an agent to anticipate future regret in current decisions, and generate a set of novel testable implications in line with empirical evidence. The model can be applied to disparate phenomena, including present bias, equilibrium savings behavior, anticipation of regret, and career concerns.
Assessing the Development Prospects of Carbon Capture and Storage from the Perspective of Law and Economics
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhang Xiaochen , Zhang Xin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This review article examines Faure and Partain’s book Carbon Capture and Storage: Efficient Legal Policies for Risk Governance and Compensation. In nine chapters, extending across almost 220 pages, Faure and Partain present us with a great deal of key analytical insights regarding current carbon capture and storage (CCS) policies. Following their viewpoints, we methodically show the applicability of a law and economics tool to regulate CCS liabilities and further propose to integrate CCS projects into the emission trading system.
Efficient pure qP-wave simulation and reverse time migration imaging for vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) media
Authors: Mu Xinru , Huang Jianping , Mao Qiang , Han Jiale 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Anisotropic pseudo-acoustic forward modeling and migration imaging are critical for high-precision seismic exploration. However, the wavefields simulated by the traditional coupled anisotropic acoustic wave equation have the problems of shear wave noise and numerical simulation instability for epsilon that is less than delta. Furthermore, although the pure anisotropic acoustic wave equation expressed by the differential operators can solve the aforementioned noise interference and numerical simulation instability issues, its numerical simulation calculation is large, particularly in 3D industrial applications, because it has to be solved by the spectral-based method. In this paper, a pure anisotropic acoustic wave equation in a vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) medium that can be numerically computed using the efficient finite difference method is derived. This equation not only eliminates noise interference and numerical simulation instabilities, but also allows for an efficient wavefield simulation. We also implement reverse time migration (RTM) using the proposed VTI pure anisotropic acoustic wave equation. Two synthetic tests and one field data test are performed to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the developed VTI RTM. The imaging results show that the proposed VTI RTM can correct the anisotropy effect on seismic wave propagation and improve migration imaging precision.
Updates of perioperative multidisciplinary treatment for surgically resectable esophageal cancer
Authors: Tsuji Takayuki , Matsuda Satoru , Takeuchi Masashi , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Esophageal cancer has one of the poorest prognoses among all cancer types, due to the propensity for an early spread through the lymphatics and the difficulty to perform surgical treatment. To improve the prognosis, the management of esophageal cancer has been developed through the conduct of several clinical trials worldwide. In western societies, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been established as the standard treatment approach, as indicated by the results of the CROSS trial. Recently, the Japanese JCOG1109 trial demonstrated the significant improvement of survival by neoadjuvant triplet chemotherapy. As an adjuvant treatment, an immune checkpoint inhibitor has shown promising results in the CheckMate-577 trial. Including adjuvant S-1 mono therapy as another option, a randomised control phase III study will determine the ideal treatment for surgically resectable esophageal cancer. Furthermore, the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant cisplatin +5-fluorouracil or DCF plus nivolumab are examined in the JCOG1804E (FRONTiER) study. In addition to definitive chemoradiation therapy, the SANO trial is examining the safety and efficacy of active surveillance after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, which might give us the choice to adopt organ preservation approach. The development of treatment has progressed dramatically with the advent of immunotherapy. Considering the biomarkers to predict the treatment response and prognosis, individualised multidisciplinary treatment strategies should be established for esophageal cancer patients.
Variable Support and Opposition to Fuels Treatments for Wildfire Risk Reduction: Melding Frameworks for Local Context and Collaborative Potential
Authors: Paveglio Travis B , Edgeley Catrin M 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFuels reduction projects are an increasing focus of policy, funding, and management actions aimed at reducing wildfire risk to human populations while improving landscape health. This research used in-depth interviews to explore variable support or opposition to three fuels-reduction projects occurring in the same region of north central Washington State, USA. Results indicate that differential support or opposition to each project stemmed from a unique combination of social factors operating in each locality (e.g., past history with fuels treatments, values for public land, environmental advocacy networks), the relationships that local populations had with agency members conducting each treatment, and the ways that managers engaged populations in the design of each treatment. We used existing frameworks for understanding collaborative potential/environmental conflict and for documenting the influence of local social context on adaptive wildfire actions to help explain emergent lessons about support or opposition to each project.
Sexual dysfunction related to psychiatric disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Herder T , Spoelstra S K , Peters A W M , Knegtering H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Sexual dysfunction is thought to be highly prevalent in patients with psychiatric disorders. Factors such as the use of psychotropic substances (ie, psychopharmaceuticals and drugs), age, or somatic diseases may contribute to sexual problems, but the extent to which psychopathology itself affects sexual functioning is not well understood.

Aim
The study sought to provide an overview of the literature on the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in psychotropic-free and somatic disease-free psychiatric patients.

Method
A systematic review (PRISMA [Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses]) was conducted by 2 authors (TH and AWMP) independently, with the review process being monitored by a third author. Relevant articles on the relationship between sexual dysfunctions and psychopathology were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO from inception until June 16, 2022. The study methods were entered in the international register of systematic reviews PROSPERO (2021, CRD42021223410).

Outcomes
The main outcome measures were sexual dysfunction and sexual satisfaction.

Results
Twenty-four studies were identified, including a total of 1199 patients. These studies focused on depressive disorders (n = 9 studies), anxiety disorders (n = 7), obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) (n = 5), schizophrenia (n = 4), and posttraumatic stress disorder (n = 2). No studies on bipolar disorder were found. Reported prevalence rates of sexual dysfunction in psychiatric disorders were 45% to 93% for depressive disorders, 33% to 75% for anxiety disorders, 25% to 81% for OCD, and 25% for schizophrenia. The most affected phase of the sexual response cycle was sexual desire, in both men and women with depressive disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. Patients with OCD and anxiety disorders most frequently reported dysfunction in the orgasm phase, 24% to 44% and 7% to 48%, respectively.

Clinical Implications
The high prevalence of sexual dysfunction requires more clinical attention by means of psychoeducation, clinical guidance, sexual anamnesis, and additional sexological treatment.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first systematic review on sexual dysfunction in psychotropic-free and somatic disease–free psychiatric patients. Limitations include the small number of studies, small sample sizes, the use of multiple questionnaires (some not validated), which may contribute to bias.

Conclusion
A limited number of studies identified a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with a psychiatric disorder, with substantial variation between patient groups in frequency and phase of reported sexual dysfunction.
Contrasting sap flow characteristics between pioneer and late-successional tree species in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya, India
Authors: Kumar Manish , Joseph Gladwin , Bhutia Yangchenla , Krishnaswamy Jagdish 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The interactive role of life-history traits and environmental factors on plant water relations is crucial for understanding the responses of species to climate change, but it remains poorly understood in secondary tropical montane forests (TMFs). In this study, we examined differences in sap flow between the pioneer species Symplocos racemosa and Eurya acuminata, and the late-successional species Castanopsis hystrix that co-occur in a biodiverse Eastern Himalayan secondary broadleaved TMF. The fast-growing pioneers had sap flux densities that were 1.6–2.1 times higher than the late-successional species, and exhibited characteristics of long-lived pioneer species. Significant radial and azimuthal variability in sap flow (V) between species was observed and could be attributed to the life-history trait and the access of the canopy to sunlight. Nocturnal V was 13.8% of the daily total and was attributable to stem recharge during the evening period (18.00–23.00 h) and to endogenous stomatal controls during the pre-dawn period (00.00–05.00 h). The shallow-rooted pioneer species both exhibited midday depression in V that was attributable to photosensitivity and diel moisture stress responses. In contrast, the deep-rooted late-successional species showed unaffected transpiration across the dry season, indicating their access to groundwater. Thus, our results suggest that secondary broadleaved TMFs, with a dominance of shallow-rooted pioneers, are more prone to the negative impacts of drier and warmer winters than primary forests, which are dominated by deep-rooted species. Our study provides an empirical understanding of how life-history traits coupled with microclimate can modulate plant water use in the widely distributed secondary TMFs in Eastern Himalaya, and highlights their vulnerability to warmer winters and reduced winter precipitation due to climate change.