bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated System for the Proactive Analysis on Infection Risk at a University Health Care Establishment Servicing a Large Area in the South of Italy
Authors: Montella Emma , Iodice Sabrina , Bernardo Carlo , Frangiosa Alessandro , Pascarella Giacomo , Santalucia Ida , Triassi Maria 
Published: June 2023

Objectives
Our study proposes the use of a proactive system to manage risk combining the new Risk Identification Framework by the World Health Organization, the Lean method, and the hospital’s Procedure Analysis.
The system was tested for the prevention of surgical site infections in the University Hospital of Naples “Federico II” on the surgical paths, where they were usually applied individually.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study from March 18, 2019, to June 30, 2019, at the University Hospital “Federico II” of Naples, Italy (Europe).
The study is structured in 3 phases: phase 1, application of each proactive risk management tool (March 18–April 15, 2019); phase 2, analysis and integration of the results, and elaboration of an overview of critical and control points (April 15–20, 2019); and phase 3, evaluation of the outcomes as variation of surgical site infection’s incidence between the 3-month period of the 2019 and the same period of the 2018, when each tool was implemented separately (April 30–June 30, 2019).

Results
(1) The application of the single tool has detected different criticalities; (2) the combined system allowed us to draw a risk map and identify “improving” macroareas; and (3) the infection rate, with the application of this system, was equal to 1.9%; in the same period of the previous year, it was equal to 4%.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that “integrated system” has been more effective to proactively identify surgical route risks compared with the application of each single instrument.
Increased Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Predicts Mortality in People With HIV/HCV Coinfection
Authors: Shengir Mohamed , Fillebeen Carine , Wagner John , Ramanakumar Agnihotram V. , Kaouache Mohammed , Klein Marina B. , Pantopoulos Kostas , Sebastiani Giada 
Published: June 2023

Background:
People with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection experience excess mortality because of multiple causes. Identification of biomarkers associated with mortality beyond that attributable to liver fibrosis may be relevant for prognostication. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a phosphotropic hormone, predicts adverse outcomes in several chronic conditions. We aimed to investigate whether elevated FGF23 predicts all-cause mortality in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection.

Methods:
We included patients with HIV/HCV coinfection from the Canadian Coinfection Cohort with available serum FGF23, fibrosis biomarker fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and at least 1-year follow-up. Elevated FGF23 and advanced liver fibrosis were defined as FGF23 > 241 reference unit/mL and FIB-4 > 3.25, respectively. All-cause mortality was analyzed using survival analysis. The effect of advanced liver fibrosis as a mediator on mortality was estimated by mediation analysis.

Results:
Three hundred twenty-one patients were included (24% with elevated FGF23, 19% with advanced liver fibrosis). During a mean follow-up period of 8.4 years, 34% of the cohort died. The incidence rate of all-cause mortality was higher in patients with elevated FGF23 (66.1 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 45.8 to 92.3) relative to patients without elevated FGF23 (37.5 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 29.6 to 46.9). After adjusting for potential confounders, elevated FGF23 was associated with significant direct and indirect effects (mediated through advanced liver fibrosis) on all-cause mortality, with 57% of deaths not mediated through advanced fibrosis.

Conclusions:
In patients with HIV/HCV coinfection, FGF23 may be used as prognostic biomarker for risk stratification accounting also for death causes other than those attributable to liver fibrosis.
Auditory beat stimulation and behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia: a case study
Authors: Chaieb Leila , Tacik Pawel , Heneka Michael , Fell Juergen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA growing number of studies suggest that auditory beat stimulation may be helpful in providing relief from symptoms of anxiety. However, evidence for this effect in clinical populations remains sparse. In this case study, we examined the effects of theta frequency monaural beat stimulation on anxiety levels and mind wandering of four patients diagnosed with behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Over the period of a fortnight, consisting of two one-week blocks, patients were exposed daily to monaural beats at 8Hz and a pure tone control condition, in a randomized order. To assess levels of anxiety, mind wandering and measures of general well-being, patients completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Mind Wandering Questionnaire at the beginning and end of each week, as well as the Rogers’ Happy/ Sad Face Scale, before and after each stimulation. The latter consisted of subscales for anxiety, mood and pain. Scores from the questionnaires and scales pertaining to anxiety, depression and well-being indicated mixed effects of the monaural beat stimulation. A trend towards an overall decrease in mind wandering was observed across the four patients for the monaural beat stimulation condition, when compared to the control tone. These data suggest that such adjunct approaches to current therapies for anxiety are indeed possible, in patient populations.
Effectiveness Of Telephone Instructions In Performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Charalampopoulos Marios , Triantafyllaki Panagiota , Sampani Christina-Athanasia , Triantafyllou Christos , Papageorgiou Dimitrios 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionCardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) refers to the emergency procedure that must be applied to any person suffering from cardiopulmonary arrest to keep them alive. Although CPR is an urgent and critical procedure, it consists of specific steps and skills, which must be applied in a specific sequence and with the best possible quality in order to be effective. Due to this importance, some National First Aid Centers around the world provide the necessary instructions to the potential rescuer by telephone (Telecommunicator CPR - TCPR), in order to ensure the proper appliance and effectiveness.AimTo gather scientific information from the existing surveys regarding the effectiveness of telephone instructions in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).MethodArticles were searched on the international bases of scientific studies such as PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. This review was carried out using meta-analysis and international guidelines.ResultsFour articles were included that met the inclusion criteria. It appears that the likelihood of a bystander implementing CPR is increased when supported by telephone instructions. Factors such as anxiety and knowledge affect the quality of CPR provided. Finally, short and encouraging instructions from the health services have greater effectiveness and a positive influence on the patient.ConclusionTelephone instructions are intended to provide CPR with the best possible quality and animate the resuscitator to perform the procedure correctly until a specialized health facility arrives. It appears that the likelihood of a bystander implementing CPR is increased when supported by telephone instructions. Regarding the limitations, there are differences between countries due to heterogeneous Health Service systems, level of education, and knowledge on the subject. In addition, there are barriers regarding the existing scientific knowledge, especially in Greece, where further investigation and awareness are necessary.
Twenty novel nsSNPs may affectFLT3gene leading to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) using in silico analysis
Authors: Alsheikh Tarig , Ameer Tebyan , NjmEldin Ahmed , Omer Dalia , Aghbash Abubaker , Suliman Hadil , Abdalmonem Zeinab , Hamad Howiada , A. ayoub Saif Eldowla , A. Hassan Mohammed 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Mutations within the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene represent one of the most common genetic alteration that disturb intracellular signaling networks with a key role in leukemia pathogenesis. laboratory studies considerable obstacle to identify functional SNPs in a specific gene. Thus, the “in silico” technique is possible now to carry out research investigations without the need for extensive lab work.Methodology: data retrieved from NCBI database and different algorithm used to analyse nsSNPs which they are: SIFT, Polyphen-2, Provean, SNAP2, P-Mut, I-Mutant, Project Hope, Raptor X, PolymiRTS and Gene MANIA.Result:Our study reveals twenty novel SNPs regarded to be the most damaging SNPs that affect structure and function ofFLT3gene using different bioinformatics algorithm.Conclusion: This study revealed 20 damaging SNPs considered to be novel nsSNP inFLT3gene that leads to AML, by using different algorithms. Additionally, 69 functional classes were predicted in 12 SNPs in the 3’UTR, among them, 31 alleles disrupted a conserved miRNA site and 37 derived alleles created a new site of miRNA. This might result in the de regulation of the gene function. These results could be valuable for molecular studying, diagnosis and treatment of AML patients.
Synapses without tension fail to fire in an in vitro network of hippocampal neurons.
Authors: Hossain Joy Md Saddam , Nall Duncan L. , Emon Basher , Lee Ki Yun , Barishman Alexandra , Ahmed Movviz , Rahman Saeedur , Selvin Paul R. , Saif M. Taher A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNeurons in the brain communicate with each other at their synapses. It has long been understood that this communication occurs through biochemical processes. Here, we reveal a previously unrecognized paradigm wherein mechanical tension in neurons is essential for communication. Usingin vitrorat hippocampal neurons, we find that (1) neurons become tout/tensed after forming synapses resulting in a contractile neural network, and (2) without this contractility, neurons fail to fire. To measure time evolution of network contractility in 3D (not2D) extracellular matrix, we developed an ultra-sensitive force sensor with 1 nN resolution. We employed Multi-Electrode Array (MEA) and iGluSnFR, a glutamate sensor, to quantify neuronal firing at the network and at the single synapse scale, respectively. When neuron contractility is relaxed, both techniques show significantly reduced firing. Firing resumes when contractility is restored. Neural contractility may play a crucial role in memory, learning, cognition, and various neuropathologies.
Patterning and folding of intestinal villi by active mesenchymal dewetting
Authors: Huycke Tyler R. , Miyazaki Hikaru , Häkkinen Teemu J. , Srivastava Vasudha , Barruet Emilie , McGinnis Christopher S. , Kalantari Ali , Cornwall-Scoones Jake , Vaka Dedeepya , Zhu Qin , Jo Hyunil , DeGrado William F. , Thomson Matt , Garikipati Krishna , Boffelli Dario , Klein Ophir D. , Gartner Zev J. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTTissue folding generates structural motifs critical to organ function. In the intestine, bending of a flat epithelium into a periodic pattern of folds gives rise to villi, the numerous finger-like protrusions that are essential for nutrient absorption. However, the molecular and mechanical mechanisms driving the initiation and morphogenesis of villi remain a matter of debate. Here, we identify an active mechanical mechanism that simultaneously patterns and folds intestinal villi. We find that PDGFRA+ subepithelial mesenchymal cells generate myosin II-dependent forces sufficient to produce patterned curvature in neighboring tissue interfaces. At the cell-level, this occurs through a process dependent upon matrix metalloproteinase-mediated tissue fluidization and altered cell-ECM adhesion. By combining computational models within vivoexperiments, we reveal these cellular features manifest at the tissue-level as differences in interfacial tensions that promote mesenchymal aggregation and interface bending through a process analogous to the active de-wetting of a thin liquid film.
Large language models to differentiate vasospastic angina using patient information
Authors: Kiyohara Yuko , Kodera Satoshi , Sato Masaya , Ninomiya Kota , Sato Masataka , Shinohara Hiroki , Takeda Norifumi , Akazawa Hiroshi , Morita Hiroyuki , Komuro Issei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundVasospastic angina is sometimes suspected from patients’ medical history. It is essential to appropriately distinguish vasospastic angina from acute coronary syndrome because its standard treatment is pharmacotherapy, not catheter intervention. Large language models have recently been developed and are currently widely accessible. In this study, we aimed to use large language models to distinguish between vasospastic angina and acute coronary syndrome from patient information and compare the accuracies of these models.MethodWe searched for cases of vasospastic angina and acute coronary syndrome which were written in Japanese and published in online-accessible abstracts and journals, and randomly selected 66 cases as a test dataset. In addition, we selected another ten cases as data for few-shot learning. We used generative pre-trained transformer-3.5 and 4, and Bard, with zero- and few-shot learning. We evaluated the accuracies of the models using the test dataset.ResultsGenerative pre-trained transformer-3.5 with zero-shot learning achieved an accuracy of 52%, sensitivity of 68%, and specificity of 29%; with few-shot learning, it achieved an accuracy of 52%, sensitivity of 26%, and specificity of 86%. Generative pre-trained transformer-4 with zero-shot learning achieved an accuracy of 58%, sensitivity of 29%, and specificity of 96%; with few-shot learning, it achieved an accuracy of 61%, sensitivity of 63%, and specificity of 57%. Bard with zero-shot learning achieved an accuracy of 47%, sensitivity of 16%, and specificity of 89%; with few-shot learning, this model could not be assessed because it failed to produce output.ConclusionGenerative pre-trained transformer-4 with few-shot learning was the best of all the models. The accuracies of models with zero- and few-shot learning were almost the same. In the future, models could be made more accurate by combining text data with other modalities.
Cell Type- and Tissue-specific Enhancers in Craniofacial Development
Authors: Rajderkar Sudha Sunil , Paraiso Kitt , Amaral Maria Luisa , Kosicki Michael , Cook Laura E. , Darbellay Fabrice , Spurrell Cailyn H. , Osterwalder Marco , Zhu Yiwen , Wu Han , Afzal Sarah Yasmeen , Blow Matthew J. , Kelman Guy , Barozzi Iros , Fukuda-Yuzawa Yoko , Akiyama Jennifer A. , Afzal Veena , Tran Stella , Plajzer-Frick Ingrid , Novak Catherine S. , Kato Momoe , Hunter Riana D. , von Maydell Kianna , Wang Allen , Lin Lin , Preissl Sebastian , Lisgo Steven , Ren Bing , Dickel Diane E. , Pennacchio Len A. , Visel Axel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe genetic basis of craniofacial birth defects and general variation in human facial shape remains poorly understood. Distant-acting transcriptional enhancers are a major category of non-coding genome function and have been shown to control the fine-tuned spatiotemporal expression of genes during critical stages of craniofacial development1–3. However, a lack of accurate maps of the genomic location and cell type-specificin vivoactivities of all craniofacial enhancers prevents their systematic exploration in human genetics studies. Here, we combined histone modification and chromatin accessibility profiling from different stages of human craniofacial development with single-cell analyses of the developing mouse face to create a comprehensive catalogue of the regulatory landscape of facial development at tissue- and single cell-resolution. In total, we identified approximately 14,000 enhancers across seven developmental stages from weeks 4 through 8 of human embryonic face development. We used transgenic mouse reporter assays to determine thein vivoactivity patterns of human face enhancers predicted from these data. Across 16in vivovalidated human enhancers, we observed a rich diversity of craniofacial subregions in which these enhancers are activein vivo. To annotate the cell type specificities of human-mouse conserved enhancers, we performed single-cell RNA-seq and single-nucleus ATAC-seq of mouse craniofacial tissues from embryonic days e11.5 to e15.5. By integrating these data across species, we find that the majority (56%) of human craniofacial enhancers are functionally conserved in mice, providing cell type- and embryonic stage-resolved predictions of theirin vivoactivity profiles. Using retrospective analysis of known craniofacial enhancers in combination with single cell-resolved transgenic reporter assays, we demonstrate the utility of these data for predicting thein vivocell type specificity of enhancers. Taken together, our data provide an expansive resource for genetic and developmental studies of human craniofacial development.Graphical Abstract
Time dependent effects of cerebellar tDCS on cerebello-cortical connectivity networks in young adults
Authors: Maldonado Ted , Jackson T. Bryan , Bernard Jessica A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe cerebellum is involved in non-motor processing, supported by topographically distinct cerebellar activations and closed loop circuits between the cerebellum and the cortex. Disruptions to cerebellar function and network connectivity in aging or disease may negatively impact prefrontal function and processing. Cerebellar resources may be important for offloading cortical processing, providing crucial scaffolding for normative performance and function. Here, we used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to temporarily alter cerebellar function and subsequently investigated resting state network connectivity. This allows us to investigate network changes that may parallel what is seen in aging and clinical populations, providing additional insights into these key circuits. Critically, what happens to these circuits if the cerebellum is not functioning optimally remains relatively unknown. We employed a between-subjects design applying anodal (n=25), cathodal (n=25), or sham (n=24) stimulation to the cerebellum to examine the effect of stimulation on cerebello-cortical resting state connectivity in young adults. We predicted increased functional connectivity following cathodal stimulation and decreased functional connectivity following anodal stimulation. We found, anodal stimulation resulted in increased connectivity in both ipsilateral and contralateral regions of the cortex, perhaps indicative of a compensatory response to degraded cerebellar output. Additionally, a sliding window analysis also demonstrated a time dependent nature to the impacts of cerebellar tDCS on connectivity, particularly in cognitive region in the cortex. Assuming the difference in connectivity and network-behavior relationships here parallels what occurs in aging or disease, this may provide a mechanism whereby offloading of function to the cerebellum is negatively impacted, resulting in subsequent differences in prefrontal cortical activation patterns and performance deficits. These results might inform and update existing compensatory models of function to include the cerebellum as a vital structure needed for scaffolding.
Assessment of specifications' usability for engineering projects of the built environment
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed M. , Hassanain Mohammad A. , Salaheldin Mohamed H. 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis research compares consultants' and contractors' professional practices and perspectives on the use of specifications in the engineering of built environment projects.Design/methodology/approachThe study initiates with a review of literature, toward realizing (1) the need for inclusion of specifications, throughout the projects' stages (design, tender, construction and handing over), as well as the (2) causes and effects of defective specifications in design and execution of engineered projects. Additionally (3) the study investigates the challenges and causes of specification variations to projects' design and execution. The systematic methodology adopted in this research utilizes frequency indicators, to rank and correlate the perspectives of 60 professionals, who are experienced in consulting and contracting of mega public and private projects.FindingsThe research considers the uncertainties and differences that could be present in engineering developments and use of design specifications for projects' execution and handing over. The two groups of experts' (consultants and contractors) perspectives are usually observed as conflicting, in practice. Practices comparison of their experiences with engineering projects' specifications usability provides unique empirical findings. The analysis and assessment of the experts' knowledge, this research addresses gaps identified in the literature, providing valuable insights.Originality/valueThe study provides in-depth recommendations and discusses possible trends and methods for enhancing specifications' usability in design engineering and execution of built environment projects. The analysis and recommendations present and assess experts' knowledge while bridge gaps identified from the literature.
The impact of executives' compensation and corporate governance attributes on voluntary disclosures: Does audit quality matter?
Authors: Kumar Praveen 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis article investigated whether the executives' compensation and corporate governance attributes are aligned with stakeholders' demands for higher corporate voluntary disclosures. Moreover, the study also examined the moderating role of the auditor's reputation in the direction of association among executive compensation, corporate governance attributes, and voluntary disclosures.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a sample of S&P BSE index constituents' 90 Indian firms for 2017–2019. The voluntary disclosure scores were fetched from the India Disclosure Index Report published by FTI Consulting. This analysis was carried out in two parts by applying four panel-data regression models in the agency and signalling theories framework. First, the study examined the association between executive compensation, board strength, composition, gender diversity, and voluntary disclosures. Second, the article investigated the moderating role of the “Big 4” in the direction of association among executive compensation, corporate governance attributes, and voluntary disclosures.FindingsThe willingness of executives to share private information with stakeholders depends on the compensation they receive from their employer. The higher compensation paid to executives leads to a higher “tone from the top,” which is better aligned with stakeholder interests. Further, the research also found that bigger board sizes, a higher proportion of independent and woman directors (indicators of good governance), and an auditor's reputation are associated with increased voluntary disclosure.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings showed that the executives' compensation and corporate governance attributes are aligned with stakeholders' demand for higher voluntary information from firms. Moreover, the study also found that the “Big 4” play a moderating role in this direction. The choice of a reputed auditor indicates the firms' long-term positive future perspectives, which strengthens investor confidence in the financial market.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that fair executive compensation can address the agency problem.Originality/valueThis research furnishes managers and different stakeholders with significant implications of executives' compensation, corporate governance, and auditor's reputation in the best interests of a firm through reducing potential risks of information asymmetry.