bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Factors Contributing to Gastric Carcinoma among Patients at Baghdad Educational Hospitals
Authors: Najm Massara Abdullah , Mohammed Suad Jassim 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Stomach cancer refers to any malignant neoplasm that arises from the region extending between the gastro esophageal junction and the pylorus. Approximately 95 % of stomach tumors are epithelial in origin and designated as adenocarcinomas. Adeno-squamous, squamous, and undifferentiated carcinomas are however rare (1).
Aim of the study: Assessment of the factors contributing to gastric carcinoma among patients at Baghdad educational hospitals.
METHODOLOGY: A descriptive design of study was carried out from the period of 1st October 2015 until, the end of May 2016, to a purposive random sample consist of (30) patients with gastric carcinoma. The instrument questionnaire tool consist of two parts, First part consist of (8) items & second part consist of (12) items. The study was conducted in (4) setting; Digestive system teaching hospital, Al-Emamain teaching hospital, Al kindy teaching hospital and Baghdad teaching hospital. The data have been analyzed through the application of: descriptive and the inferential analysis, and the researcher used the SPSS version 20 to analysis of data.
RESULTS: the characteristics of present study were male, their age group was 50 - 59 year old most of them were married. The study indicated that patients with changes factors complained of (using too many anti-inflammatory, stress and anxiety, complaining of stomach ulcers, high consumption of hot food or spicy and salty food, and consuming junk food). Smoker or patients with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and cancer were at high risk and a large proportion of them had no family history of stomach cancer, while other factors (such as working with chemicals in places related to health hazards such as rubber and coal, or patients with overweight, or alcohol consumption) were low risk.
CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the risk factors among patients with gastric cancer more common age group of (50 to 59) years old and the study showed that risk factors among patients with gastric cancer are associated significantly more frequently with low educational level.
RECOMMENDATION: The study recommends coordination with specialists from the Ministry of Health to establish centers for cancer of the stomach for the early detection of cancer and treatment and for the purpose of follow-up and equipped with all new technological machinery to examine cancer and motivate further studies in this aspect.
Tattoo: Attitudes and Perception of Health-related Risks
Authors: Al-Hussein Dr. Refaie Yaseen Hammed 
Published: January 2023

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Abstract
Background: For thousands of years, and in many places around the world tattoos have been practiced, while it comes into existence spontaneously and practiced in cultural, geographic and climatic conditions completely.
Aim of the study: The study objected to assess perception of health-related risks and attitudes toward tattooing among institute students and faculty members in Mosul.
Methodology: Descriptive-Analytical study design was depended throughout the period "4th of March till 30th of April / 2018" among a female convenience sample of (283) students and faculty members from Technical Institute of Mosul. The researcher collected the intended information related to the topic of the study via an interview with each subject of the study by using structured anonymous questionnaire composed of three parts; demographic characteristics of the subjects, perception of health-related problems associated with tattoo and the attitudes toward it. The instrument was validated through opinions of (5) experts from the nursing field, while its reliability was measured through test-retest on (15) university female students, its result was (r=0.83). Data were presented through descriptive-analytical statistic.
Results: The sample had a weak level of perception with respect to health-related risks associated with the practices, from another side; religious obligations were the main limitation of being away from tattooing.
Conclusions: The study concluded that there was a clear ignorance of infectious diseases that could be transmitted through this practice. The study also concluded that the motives for the practice were very weak.
Recommendations: The study recommended on the need to raise the level of perception among the society about the health risks associated with the practice through the mass media. Also, in the event of its occurrence, obligations and commitments towards values, traditions, and religious beliefs must be respected.
The Triune God and Flourishing
Authors: Marais Nadia 
Published: January 2023

Christian theology is under increasing pressure to deal with issues surrounding human dignity and ecological sustainability. In the face of widespread malpractices in which the dignity and rights of human beings (especially women) are violated, and in the light of the ecological crisis in which the earth and her ecology is endangered, much is asked, and much is required, of theology. Churches, congregations, synods, seminaries, faculties of theology, small groups and individual believers the world over are concerned with the well-being of human and non­human beings. The first challenge to Christian theology lies here, within the widespread violence (often in the very name of the Christian faith) against nature and neighbours.
Penggunaan WhatsApp Business dalam Meningkatkan Omzet Penjualan UMKM
Authors: Meiriza Allsela , Sevtiyuni Putri Eka , Putra Pacu , Oktadini Nabila Rizky , Tania Ken Ditha , Wedhasmara Ari , Ruskan Endang Lestari 
Published: January 2023

Dampak yang di rasa para pelaku usaha rumahan/ kecil dari pandemi covid-19 adalah sepinya pengunjung yang membeli produk/ jasa, ini mengakibatkan turunnya omzet penjualan. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan workshop tentang aplikasi WhatsApp Business agar membantu meningkatkan omzet penjualan pada masa pandemi ini. Peserta pelatihan ini adalah para pelaku UMKM yang tergabung pada Lembaga Pembinaaan dan Pengembangan Perempuan Kepala Keluarga (LPP-PEKKA) di Kota Palemban. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatanini antara lain dengan memberikan informasi tentang aplikasi, praktek cara penggunaannya, serta pengisian kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan untuk mengetahui kebermanfaatan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini. Hasil dari post test 25% setuju dan 69.4% sangat setuju artinya dengan adanya pelatihan ini pengetahuan serta kecakapan para peserta dalam penggunaan aplikasi WhatsApp semakin meningkat.
Keywords : Whatsapp Business, Omzet, UMKM
PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN LITERASI MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBAHASA INGGRIS PADA MAHASISWA DESAIN FASHION UNIVERSITAS AUFA ROYHAN DI KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN
Authors: Harahap Olivia Feby Mon , Napitupulu Mastiur 
Published: January 2023

Dewasa kini, penggunaan literasi media sosial sebagai media pembelajaran telah menjadi suatu optional dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris. Literasi media sosial dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris menyuguhkan ragam informasi dalam hal pengetahuan maupun pengalaman untuk dapat memahami serta menggunakan bahasa Inggris sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Melalui literasi media sosial, ragam informasi dapat dipilih, dipilah, serta diimplementasikan ke dalam ruang lingkup pembelajaran bahasa Inggris. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai adalah mengembangkan desain literasi media sosial dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa Inggris bagi mahasiswa desain fashion Universitas Aufa Royhan di Padangsidimpuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian Research and Development dengan menerapkan model pengembangan Research and Development (R &D) yang akan digunakan dalah model 4D, yakni define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Akan tetapi, pengembangan tersebut dibatasi sampai pada tahap design, yakni menentukan model pembelajaran bahasa Inggris bagi mahasiswa melalui literasi media sosial. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah bahwa jenis design literasi media sosial yang dibutuhkan mahasiswa adalah pengembangan media sosial Facebook. Kemudian materi-materi yang dibutuhkan di dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa Inggris mereka antara lain pembelajaran bahasa Inggris yang bersikan materi-materi specific vocabulary dalam bidang fashion serta vidio-vidio pembelajaran bahasa Inggris lainnya, seperti how to serve costomer dan promote product of fashion.
PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI TABLET UREA DENGAN METODE KEMPA LANGSUNG
Authors: Hasibuan Elmi Sariani , Djamaan Akmal , Suardi Muslim 
Published: January 2023

Urea merupakan salah satu pupuk berbasis nitrogen yang paling melimpah dengan proses manufaktur yang berkembang dengan baik dan kemanjurannya dalam meningkatkan ketersediaan nutrisi dan akumulasi senyawa protein dalam tanaman. Salah satu kelemahan penggunaan granul urea sebagai pupuk adalah kelarutannya dalam air yang tinggi dari 119mg/100ml pada 200C. Karena tingginya kelarutan, perkiraan efisiensi penggunaan nitrogen diseluruh dunia hanya 20-35%. Bahan yang digunakan adalah granul urea, dilakukan pemeriksaan bahan baku dan pembuatan tablet ureanya dengan metode kempa langsung, tablet urea yang dihasilkan selanjutnya di evaluasi dan pengujian pelepasan pada media tanah dan lumpur. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa tablet urea lebih lama bertahan di media tanah dan lumpur dibandingkan dengan granul urea. Kesimpulan Penggunaan tablet urea lebih efisien dibandingkan granul urea karena dengan merubah bentuk granul urea menjadi tablet urea dapat mengurangi laju kehilangan urea, meminimalkan dampak negatif yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan takaran yang berlebihan dan juga dapat mengurangi dampak pencemaran lingkungan.
Capital Structure and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Olaoye Clement Olatunji , Adesina Olufemi Dadepo 
Published: January 2023

This empirical research aimed at establishing the effect of capital mix on the financial performance of ten chosen manufacturing firms among companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) for twelve years period, 2009 to 2020. Secondary data were extracted from the audited accounts and reports of the chosen firms. This research employed descriptive and inferential statistical analyses for data estimation. The results of this work reveal that debt in relation to equity (DER) has insignificant adverse effect on return on asset (ROA) of the selected firms. Contrarily, DER has a direct significant effect on return on equity (ROE) and a direct insignificant effect on the net profit margin (NPM) of the sampled manufacturing companies. Total debt to total assets (TDTA) has positive but insignificant effect on all the financial performance indicators. The study also found that short-term debt to total assets (SDTA) and long-term debt to total assets (LDTA) have negative negligble effect on all the dependent variables. The outcomes of the study imply that the management of these companies need to always be guided appropriately in their capital mix decisions in order to optimize their financial performance. Therefore, the main thrust of this study is that optimal capital structure is essential for the profitability of manufacturing companies in Nigeria.
How do psychology researchers interpret the results of multiple replication studies?
Authors: van den Akker Olmo R. , Wicherts Jelte M. , Alvarez Linda Dominguez , Bakker Marjan , van Assen Marcel A. L. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Employing two vignette studies, we examined how psychology researchers interpret the results of a set of four experiments that all test a given theory. In both studies, we found that participants’ belief in the theory increased with the number of statistically significant results, and that the result of a direct replication had a stronger effect on belief in the theory than the result of a conceptual replication. In Study 2, we additionally found that participants’ belief in the theory was lower when they assumed the presence of p-hacking, but that belief in the theory did not differ between preregistered and non-preregistered replication studies. In analyses of individual participant data from both studies, we examined the heuristics academics use to interpret the results of four experiments. Only a small proportion (Study 1: 1.6%; Study 2: 2.2%) of participants used the normative method of Bayesian inference, whereas many of the participants’ responses were in line with generally dismissed and problematic vote-counting approaches. Our studies demonstrate that many psychology researchers overestimate the evidence in favor of a theory if one or more results from a set of replication studies are statistically significant, highlighting the need for better statistical education.
Turbulence in Particle-laden Midplane Layers of Planet-forming Disks
Authors: Sengupta Debanjan , Umurhan Orkan M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We examine the settled particle layers of planet-forming disks in which the streaming instability (SI) is thought to be either weak or inactive. A suite of low-to-moderate-resolution 3D simulations in a 0.2H-sized box, where H is the pressure scale height, are performed using PENCIL for two Stokes numbers, St = 0.04 and 0.2, at 1% disk metallicity. We find that a complex of Ekman-layer jet flows emerge subject to three co-acting linearly growing processes: (1) the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI), (2) the planet-forming disk analog of the baroclinic Symmetric Instability (SymI), and (3) a later-time weakly acting secondary transition process, possibly a manifestation of the SI, producing a radially propagating pattern state. For St = 0.2 KHI is dominant and manifests as off-midplane axisymmetric rolls, while for St = 0.04 the axisymmetric SymI mainly drives turbulence. SymI is analytically developed in a model disk flow, predicting that it becomes strongly active when the Richardson number (Ri) of the particle–gas midplane layer transitions below 1, exhibiting growth rates

≤

2

/

Ri
−
2

·
Ω

, where Ω is the local disk rotation rate. For fairly general situations absent external sources of turbulence it is conjectured that the SI, when and if initiated, emerges out of a turbulent state primarily driven and shaped by at least SymI and/or KHI. We also find that turbulence produced in 2563 resolution simulations are not statistically converged and that corresponding 5123 simulations may be converged for St = 0.2. Furthermore, we report that our numerical simulations significantly dissipate turbulent kinetic energy on scales less than six to eight grid points.
Spatial Evolution of 20 MeV Solar Energetic Proton Events
Authors: Kahler S. W. , Ling A. G. , Reames D. V. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The longitudinal extents of solar energetic (E > 10 MeV) particle (SEP) events in the heliosphere are a characteristic important for understanding SEP acceleration and transport as well as their space weather effects. SEP detectors on the STEREO A and B spacecraft launched in 2008, combined with those on Earth-orbiting spacecraft, have enabled recent studies of this characteristic for many events. Each SEP event distribution has been characterized by a single central longitude, width, and amplitude derived from Gaussian fits to peak intensities or fluences at each spacecraft. To capture dynamic changes of those parameters through SEP events, we apply Gaussian fits in solar-based Carrington longitude coordinates with 1 hr resolution to four selected large 20 MeV proton events. The limitations of single-Gaussian fits for very extended events is discussed. In all four examples the widths are increasing throughout the event, as expected, while the projected Gaussian centers at SEP onset start from 30° to 100° east of the associated flare, move westward, then remain stationary well east of the flare for several days before moving west as the event amplitudes decrease. Late decay phases can be characterized by eastward movements away from the flare longitudes. We introduce schematic Buffett plots to show successive snapshots of event longitudes and amplitudes.
A New Numerical Implementation for Solar Coronal Modeling by an HLL Generalized Riemann Problem Solver
Authors: Liu Mengqing , Zhang Man , Liu Xiaojing , Shen Fang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we employ a Harten–Lax–van Leer (HLL) generalized Riemann problem (HLL-GRP) solver within the framework of a finite volume method to model 3D solar coronal structures for the first time. Based on the rotational invariance of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations, the HLL-GRP solver is successfully implemented into 3D MHD simulations. To constrain the divergence of the magnetic field, the locally divergence-free weighted-least-squares-based essentially nonoscillatory reconstruction and the properly discretized Godunov–Powell source term are applied. To keep density and pressure positive, a positivity-preserving limiter is added to the reconstructed polynomials of density and pressure. We first test a 3D blast wave problem to preliminarily validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme on Cartesian structured grid. Then, we further run our code on a six-component grid to numerically study the steady-state coronal structures of Carrington rotation 2218 during the solar minimum phase. A comparison with the two-stage Runge–Kutta scheme is performed for both the 3D blast wave problem and solar coronal problem. Numerical results of large-scale solar coronal structures are basically consistent with the observational characteristics, indicating the robustness of the proposed model.
Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XIII. A Faint, Distant, and Cold Brown Dwarf*
Authors: Nonino Mario , Glazebrook Karl , Burgasser Adam J. , Polenta Gianluca , Morishita Takahiro , Lepinzan Marius , Castellano Marco , Fontana Adriano , Merlin Emiliano , Bonchi Andrea , Paris Diego , Treu Tommaso , Vulcani Benedetta , Wang Xin , Santini Paola , Vanzella Eros , Nanayakkara Themiya , Mercurio Amata , Rosati Piero , Grillo Claudio , Bradac Marusa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present the serendipitous discovery of a late T-type brown dwarf candidate in JWST NIRCam observations of the Early Release Science Abell 2744 parallel field. The discovery was enabled by the sensitivity of JWST at 4 μm wavelengths and the panchromatic 0.9–4.5 μm coverage of the spectral energy distribution. The unresolved point source has magnitudes F115W = 27.95 ± 0.15 and F444W = 25.84 ± 0.01 (AB), and its F115W−F444W and F356W−F444W colors match those expected for other known T dwarfs. We can exclude it as a reddened background star, high redshift quasar, or a very high redshift galaxy. Comparison with stellar atmospheric models indicates a temperature of T
eff ≈ 650 K and surface gravity

log
g
≈
5.25

, implying a mass of 0.03 M
⊙ and age of 5 Gyr. We estimate the distance of this candidate to be 570–720 pc in a direction perpendicular to the Galactic plane, making it a likely thick disk or halo brown dwarf. These observations underscore the power of JWST to probe the very low-mass end of the substellar mass function in the Galactic thick disk and halo.
MERDEKA BELAJAR
Authors: Juli Iswanto Fachruddin Azmi, 
Published: January 2023

Abstract: This discussion aims to increase knowledge and understanding of the freedom of learning, which is freedom in determining how to behave, process, think, apply creatively for the development of each individual by deciding his destiny. The method in this journal is to use a literature review. The Literature Review is a description of the theory, findings and other research materials obtained from reference materials to be used as the basis for research activities to develop a clear frame of mind from the formulation of the problem to be studied. The key to independent learning lies with the driving teacher, and the ambitious teacher will not be realized when they are not entirely separate. So realizing this Freedom of Learning must be done fundamentally, not just through technical matters and changing new policies. Independent Learning will be recognized when the teacher is genuinely independent, which can be achieved with several solutions. To realize independent teachers must also synergize students, families, and communities in learning. The goal is to facilitate technical knowledge. Mainly in student-centred learning, experiential learning, and classroom learning. Independent teachers with the synergy of family and community will facilitate their role as the driving force of civilization.
تطوير وسيلة التعليمية التفاعلية لمهارة الاستماع لدى تلاميذ المدرسة الإسلامية
Authors: Djola Fakhrun , N. Hula Ibnu Rawandhy , Hasaniyah Nur , Arsyad Berti 
Published: January 2023

يركز هذا البحث على قياس فاعلية استخدام وسيلة التعليمية التفاعلية لتعلم مهارة الاستماع التي تم تطويرها من كتاب مدرسي عربي وفقًا لقرار وزير الدين رقم 183. ذلك الكتاب لا يوفر حتى الآن وسيلة التعليمية التفاعلية حتى يصعب الطلاب فهم المادة العربية وخاصة مهارة الاستماع. أما نوع البحث فهو البحث التنموي (R & D) الذي يتم إجراؤه في 10 مراحل ، وهي (1) تحليل الإمكانات والمشاكل ؛ (2) جمع البيانات ؛ (3) تصميم المواد ؛ (4) التحقق من التصميم ؛ (5) مراجعات التصميم ؛ (6) تجارب المواد ؛ (7) مراجعات المواد ؛ (8) الاستخدام التجريبي ؛ (9) مراجعات المواد ؛ و (10) انتاج. تم الحصول على مصادر البيانات لهذا البحث من المقابلات والاستبيانات والاختبارات ، بينما تم استخدام اختبار "t" في تحليل البيانات. تظهر نتائج الدراسة أن تعلم مهارة الاستقامة للطلاب باستخدام وسيلة التعليمية التفاعلية هو أمر فعال للغاية. يمكن ملاحظة ذلك من تحليل الاختبار باستخدام اختبار t ، وتم الحصول على عدد t 5.0009 و t-table 1.6955. بحيث يكون عدد t أكبر من جدول t. هذا يعني رفض H0 وقبول H1 .
تأثير لغة الجايو في نطق الحروف العربية
Authors: Abdullah Maulidati 
Published: January 2023

هذ البحث يهدف إلى معرفة مدى تأثير لغة جايو في نطق الحروف العربية، تم إجراء هذا البحث على العديد من الطلبة في قسم اللغة العربية جامعة تاكنجون السنة الأولى والسنة الثانية وتلاميذ في فصل تعليم القرآن والدين خزانة العلم قرية كرامة مباكة مقاطعة ببيسن أتشية الوسطى. استخدم هذ البحث منهج وصفي، أما بالنسة لأدوات البحث باستخدام الإختبار الشفوي في قراءة الحروف الهجائية والكلمات والعبارات العربية وعدد من آية القرآن الكريم. أما نتائج البحث وجدت الباحثة أن هناك تأثير لغة جايو في نطق الحروف العربية، وهو أن الطلبة والتلاميذ يواجهون الصعوبات في نطق الحروف أو الكلمات المشتملة على أصوات لا نظير لها في أصوات لغاتهم وعلى تقليد الأصوات الجديدة لهم، وأحيانا يبدلوا بصوت أقرب إليه. وعلى صعيد أخرى هناك الطلبة لا يواجهون هذه الصعوبات لأنهم قد تعلمون القرآن والتجويد ومخارج الحروف منذ صغارهم ويقرؤون القرآن في ليالهم حتى صارت ألسنتهم تصاحب باللغة الهدف وهي اللغة العربية
STUDI KITAB TAFSIR MAFATIH AL-GHAIB KARYA AR-RAZI
Authors: Ulil Azmi  
Published: January 2023

Ar-Razi merupakan seorang cendekiawan yang mendedikasikan hidupnya untuk ilmu pengetahuan. Perjalanan keilmuan ar-Razi telah membawanya menjadi cendekiawan yang menguasai berbagai disiplin ilmu yang dibuktikan dengan karya-karyanya. Artikel ini membahas salah satu karya besar ar-Razi dalam bidang tafsir, Mafatih al-Ghaib. Kitab tafsir ini digolongkan tafsir bi al-ra’y yang terpuji. Pembahasan yang luas menjadikan kitab ini sebagai salah satu rujukan penafsiran Al-Quran hingga hari ini. Penggunaan metode tahlili menjadikan karya ar-Razi ini mempunyai pembahasan yang komprehensif. Kitab tafsir ini mengulas berbagai aspek, seperti kajian ilmu Al-Quran maupun disiplin keilmuan lainnya. Keteguhannya membela mazhab ahl al-sunnah juga tampak dalam karyanya ini di samping diskusi fiqh yang dihadirkannya. Alhasil, banyak pujian terhadap kitab tafsir ini di samping juga ada kritik yang diberikan. Oleh karena itu, dirasa perlu untuk mendeskripsikan magnum opus ar-Razi ini agar dikenal oleh orang-orang, terutama para pegiat tafsir.