bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ordering kinetics in active polar fluid
Authors: Dikshit Shambhavi , Mishra Shradha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We model the active polar fluid as a collection of orientable objects supplied with active stresses and momentum damping coming from the viscosity of bulk fluid medium. The growth kinetics of local orientation field is studied. The effect of active fluid is contractile or extensile depending upon the sign of the active stress. We explore the growth kinetics for different activities. We observe that for both extensile and contractile cases the growth is altered by a prefactor when compared to the equilibrium Model A. We find that the extensile fluid enhances the domain growth whereas the contractile fluid supresses it. The asymptotic growth becomes pure algebraic for large magnitudes of activity. We also find that the domain morphology remains unchanged due to activity and the system shows the good dynamic scaling for all activities. Our study provides the understanding of ordering kinetics in active polar gel.
Reentrant condensation transition in a model of driven scalar active matter with diffusivity edge
Authors: Berx Jonas , Bose Aritra , Golestanian Ramin , Mahault Benoît 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The effect of a diffusivity edge is studied in a system of scalar active matter confined by a periodic potential and driven by an externally applied force. We find that this system shows qualitatively distinct stationary regimes depending on the amplitude of the driving force with respect to the potential barrier. For small driving, the diffusivity edge induces a transition to a condensed phase analogous to the Bose–Einstein-like condensation reported for the nondriven case, which is characterized by a density-independent steady state current. Conversely, large external forces lead to a qualitatively different phase diagram since in this case condensation is only possible beyond a given density threshold, while the associated transition at higher densities is found to be reentrant.
Cinema of Senescence: Old Age, Slow Cinema, and Form
Authors: Dufournaud Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIf speed is a cornerstone of contemporary life, then one of the most difficult hurdles to overcome in the fight against agism is the fact that senescence entails a slowing down of the human body and mind. The question this essay asks is whether this form of life can afford epistemological and moral benefits within a productivist culture of speed that stigmatizes slowness and inactivity. In order to pursue an answer to this question, the essay turns to what critics have begun to call “slow cinema” and examines two films about people suffering from senescence-related slowness: Yasujirō Ozu's Tokyo Story (1953) and Lee Chang-dong's Poetry (2010). The essay treats the slowness that can accompany age as an experiential form and places it on the same plane of formalist inquiry as slow cinema, an aesthetic form characterized by a decelerated pace, long takes, minimalist editing, and an emphasis on the temporality of quotidian life. The essay establishes its methodological approach by bringing Caroline Levine's formalism into conversation with Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology and André Bazin's writings on cinematic realism. Ultimately, the essay contends that Ozu's and Lee's films associate the value of slowing down our thinking and expanding our attention spans with the perceptual potentialities of age-related slowness within a culture of speed.
How should we do equity, diversity and inclusion work in health professions education?
Authors: Kusurkar Rashmi A. , Naidu Thirusha , Rashid Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

This is an editorial for the special collection on equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) for MedEdPublish. In this article, the guest advisors of this collection first reflect on the paradoxes in EDI in health professions education (HPE), then on the importance of recognising the existence of multiple authenticities on the basis of different contexts and settings, and finally encourage authors and readers to reflect on their position on the continuum of EDI work. They conclude the editorial by outlining the direction they wish to set for articles in the collection.
Developing Optimization Tools for Municipal Solid Waste Collection in the Argentine City of Berazategui
Authors: Bertero Federico , Cerdeiro Manuela , Durán Guillermo A. , Faillace Mullen Nazareno A. 
Published: June 2023

We apply mathematical and computational techniques to the development of an approach for optimizing the waste collection system of the Argentine city of Berazategui, 26 km south of Buenos Aires. Taking full account of the city’s particular characteristics, our objective is to not only improve the system’s efficiency but also ensure equitable workloads for waste collection truck crews, including both drivers and collectors. The optimization problem is partitioned into three stages. In the first stage, a heuristic constructs structurally simple collection zones that are balanced in terms of collectors’ walking distances. In the second stage, a mixed-integer linear programming model designs a collection truck route for each zone and minimizes its length. In the third and final stage, each truck is assigned to two zones in such a way as to equalize to the extent possible the length of drivers’ working day. Because working-day length is influenced by multiple factors, we formulate this objective as a biobjective optimization problem and solve it by integer linear programming coupled with an iterative algorithm. The city implemented the approach in early 2020, resulting in a markedly more equitable workload distribution and significant fuel savings and maintenance expense for the city. History: This paper was refereed. Funding: This work was partly financed by the Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciencia y Técnica [Grant 20020170100495BA] (Argentina) and Proyectos de Investigación Plurianuales - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Grant 11220200100084CO (Argentina)]. G. A. Durán is also funded by the Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería in Chile [Grants Iniciativa Científica Milenio - Fondo de Innovación para la Competitividad P05-004-F and Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica FB0816].
Death, dying and caring: exploring the student nurse experience of palliative and end-of-life education
Authors: Murnane Sandra , Purcell Geraldine , Reidy Mary 
Published: June 2023

Background: Undergraduate education and training are fundamental in preparing student nurses for working in palliative and end-of-life care. Aim: This article explores the experiences of student nurses in their palliative and end-of-life undergraduate nurse education. Methodology: Sandelowski and Barroso's (2007) framework for undertaking a metasynthesis was used. Initial database searches returned 60 articles of interest. Re-reading the articles in the context of the research question identified 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Four key themes emerged. Findings: Student nurses voiced concerns regarding their feelings of unpreparedness, and lack of confidence and knowledge when dealing with the complexities of palliative and end-of-life care. Student nurses called for more training and education in palliative and end-of-life care. Conclusion: Flexible nursing curricula responsive to the needs of student nurses and the changing landscape of healthcare provision, including care to ensure a good death experience, should be prioritised at undergraduate level.
Evolution of a video project to translate research findings about patient experiences into improved clinical care
Authors: Hainsworth Emma , Piercy Hilary 
Published: June 2023

Background: People living with HIV are at an increased risk of developing cancer. Cancer health professionals could benefit from improving and updating their knowledge of HIV and their understanding of patient experiences to deliver high-quality, patient-centred care. Aims: Evidence-based educational resources to improve patient care were identified and developed using a co-production approach. Methods: There were two stages: a workshop discussion by experts to reach consensus on a priority intervention; and co-production of video content Life with HIV and Cancer. Findings: The consensus of the expert group was that video content featuring first-person accounts would be the most impactful intervention to address the gap in knowledge. Three co-produced and professionally made video resources were developed and disseminated. Conclusion: The videos provide insight into the impact of stigma as well as current information on HIV. Their use can improve oncology clinical staff knowledge and better equip them to provide patient-centred care.
FreeformNet: fast and automatic generation of multiple-solution freeform imaging systems enabled by deep learning
Authors: Mao Boyu , Yang Tong , Xu Huiming , Chen Wenchen , Cheng Dewen , Wang Yongtian 
Published: June 2023

Using freeform optical surfaces in lens design can lead to much higher system specifications and performance while significantly reducing volume and weight. However, because of the complexity of freeform surfaces, freeform optical design using traditional methods requires extensive human effort and sufficient design experience, while other design methods have limitations in design efficiency, simplicity, and versatility. Deep learning can solve these issues by summarizing design knowledge and applying it to design tasks with different system and structure parameters. We propose a deep-learning framework for designing freeform imaging systems. We generate the data set automatically using a combined sequential and random system evolution method. We combine supervised learning and unsupervised learning to train the network so that it has good generalization ability for a wide range of system and structure parameter values. The generated network FreeformNet enables fast generation (less than 0.003 s per system) of multiple-solution systems after we input the design requirements, including the system and structure parameters. We can filter and sort solutions based on a given criterion and use them as good starting points for quick final optimization (several seconds for systems with small or moderate field-of-view in general). The proposed framework presents a revolutionary approach to the lens design of freeform or generalized imaging systems, thus significantly reducing the time and effort expended on optical design.
Phase angle is related to oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: da Silva Bruna R. , Rufato Sarah , Mialich Mirele S. , Cruz Loris P. , Gozzo Thais , Jordão Alceu A. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The study aimed to analyze the influence of chemotherapy on health biomarkers and examine the relationship between phase angle (PhA) and oxidative stress.

Methods
A prospective study was performed. Women who were starting chemotherapy were recruited. Also, this study included a control group of women without cancer. Bioelectrical impedance multiple-frequency (BIS) analysis, 24h food recall, and blood samples were collected at 2-time points: diagnosis (T0) and after one month of completion of therapy (T1) for the main study group and one-time point for the control group. T-tests or Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon Test was used to compare variables. Linear regression analysis was conducted to test if PhA is related to the dependent variables after adjusting for age and body mass index.

Results
119 women were included (61 with breast cancer and 58 healthy). There was no difference between the groups concerning anthropometrics, fat mass, and fat-free mass. Breast cancer patients had a worsening in PhA (p<0.001) after chemotherapy completion. PhA was positive statistically correlated with extracellular water, albumin, and the antioxidant markers at both times. The linear model showed that PhA was significantly predicted by C reactive protein, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), total body water/extracellular water, and body mass index fat mass. This model explained 58% of PhA variability (p<0.001).

Conclusion
Our findings show that PhA is an easy and affordable tool that correlates oxidative stress markers in breast cancer patients, regardless of age or body mass index.
Atmiyata, a community champion led psychosocial intervention for common mental disorders: A stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Gujarat, India
Authors: Pathare Soumitra , Joag Kaustubh , Kalha Jasmine , Pandit Deepa , Krishnamoorthy Sadhvi , Chauhan Ajay , Shields-Zeeman Laura 
Published: June 2023

Background
While effective lay-health worker models for mental health care have been demonstrated through efficacy trials, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of these models implemented in rural LMIC settings.

Aim
To evaluate the impact of a volunteer community-led intervention on reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms and improvement in functioning, and social participation among people living in rural Gujarat, India.

Methods
Stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial was used to assess the effectiveness of delivery of psychosocial intervention across 645 villages in Mehsana district of Gujarat, India between April 2017 and August 2019. The primary outcome was an improvement in depression and/or anxiety symptoms assessed using GHQ-12 at 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were improvement in (a) depression and anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire, (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) & Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20); b) quality of life (EQ- 5D); c) functioning (WHO-DAS-12), and social participation (Social Participation Scale SPS). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the independent effect of the intervention.

Results
Out of a total of 1191 trial participants (608- intervention & 583-control), 1014 (85%) completed 3-month follow-up. In an adjusted analysis, participants in the intervention condition showed significant recovery from symptoms of depression or anxiety (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.6; p<0.05) at the end of 3-months, with effects sustained at 8-month follow-up (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.6 to 5.9). Intervention participants had improved scores on the PHQ-9 (Adjusted mean difference (AMD) –1.8; 95%CI -3.0 to -0.6), and SRQ-20 (AMD -1.7; 95%CI -2.7 to -0.6), at 3-months and PHQ-9, GAD-7, SRQ-20, EQ-5D and WHO-DAS at 8 months follow-up.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that Atmiyata had a significant effect on recovery from symptoms of depression and anxiety with sustained effects at 8-month follow-up.

Trial registration
Trial registration details. The trial was registered prospectively with the “Clinical Trial Registry in India” (registry number: CTRI/2017/03/008139).
Specialized heart failure clinics versus primary care: Extended registry-based follow-up of the NorthStar trial
Authors: Malmborg Morten , Assad Turky Al-Kahwa Ali , Kober Lars , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Butt Jawad H. , Zahir Deewa , Tuxen Christian D. , Poulsen Mikael K. , Madelaire Christian , Fosbol Emil , Gislason Gunnar , Hildebrandt Per , Andersson Charlotte , Gustafsson Finn , Schou Morten 
Published: June 2023

Background
Whether continued follow-up in specialized heart failure (HF) clinics after optimization of guideline-directed therapy improves long-term outcomes in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is unknown.

Methods and results
921 medically optimized HFrEF patients enrolled in the NorthStar study were randomly assigned to follow up in a specialized HF clinic or primary care and followed for 10 years using Danish nationwide registries. The primary outcome was a composite of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death. We further assessed the 5-year adherence to prescribed neurohormonal blockade in 5-year survivors. At enrollment, the median age was 69 years, 24,7% were females, and the median NT-proBNP was 1139 pg/ml. During a median follow-up time of 4.1 (Q1-Q3 1.5–10.0) years, the primary outcome occurred in 321 patients (69.8%) randomized to follow-up in specialized HF clinics and 325 patients (70.5%) randomized to follow-up in primary care. The rate of the primary outcome, its individual components, and all-cause death did not differ between groups (primary outcome, hazard ratio 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82–1.12]; cardiovascular death, 1.00 [0.81–1.24]; HF hospitalization, 0.97 [0.82–1.14]; all-cause death, 1.00 [0.83–1.20]). In 5-year survivors (N = 660), the 5-year adherence did not differ between groups for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (p = 0.78), beta-blockers (p = 0.74), or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (p = 0.47).

Conclusions
HFrEF patients on optimal medical therapy did not benefit from continued follow-up in a specialized HF clinic after initial optimization. Development and implementation of new monitoring strategies are needed.
Development and initial validation of the German version of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ-G)
Authors: Manser Patrick , Huber Simone , Seinsche Julia , de Bruin Eling D. , Giannouli Eleftheria 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAnalyzing and adjusting training programs to increase exercise enjoyment is crucial to achieve long-term adherence and thus also maximize health benefits. The Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) is the first questionnaire specifically developed to monitor exergame enjoyment. To be used in German speaking countries, the EEQ must be translated, cross-culturally adapted, and tested on its psychometric properties.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to develop (i.e., translate and cross-culturally adapt) the German Version of the EEQ (EEQ-G) and investigate its psychometric properties.MethodsPsychometric properties of the EEQ-G were tested using a cross-sectional study design. Each participant performed two consecutive exergame sessions (i.e., ‘preferred’ and ‘unpreferred’ condition) in randomized order and rated the EEQ-G as well as reference questionnaires. Internal consistency of the EEQ-G was assessed by calculating Cronbach’s α. Construct validity was assessed by calculating Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (rs) between the scores of the EEQ-G and reference questionnaires. Responsiveness was analyzed by performing a Wilcoxon signed-rank test between the median EEQ-G scores of the two conditions.ResultsFourty-three healthy older adults (HOA; mean age = 69.4 ± 4.9 years; 53.5% females) were included. Cronbach’s α of the EEQ-G was 0.80. The rsvalues between the EEQ-G and reference questionnaire scores for intrinsic motivation, game enjoyment, physical activity enjoyment, and external motivation were 0.198 (p = 0.101), 0.684 (p < 0.001), 0.277 (p = 0.036), and 0.186 (p = 0.233), respectively. The EEQ-G was rated higher in the ‘preferred’ than the ‘unpreferred’ condition (p < 0.001, r = 0.756).ConclusionThe EEQ-G has high internal consistency and is responsive to changes in exergame enjoyment. The highly skewed data with ceiling effects in some of the reference questionnaires deem the construct validity of the EEQ-G to be inconclusive and thus in need of further evaluation.
Determinants and prevalence of modern contraceptive use among sexually active female youth in the Berekum East Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Amoah Ebenezer Jones , Hinneh Thomas , Aklie Rita 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Contraceptive use among sexually active women in Ghana remains low despite the efforts by the Ghana Health Service. This development has negative consequences on reproductive health care, particularly among adolescents. This study assessed the prevalence and factors influencing contraceptive use among sexually active young women in the Berekum Municipality, Ghana.

Method
A community-based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Berekum East Municipality among young women between the ages of 15 to 24 years. Using a probabilistic sampling technique, we recruited 277 young women from the four selected communities in the Berekum Municipality based on data available from the Municipal Health Administration. We applied a univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to test the associations between the dependent and independent variables at a 95% Confidence interval (CI) and 5% significance (p value = 0.005).

Results
The modern contraceptive prevalence rate among the study participants was 211 (76%). Contraceptives ever used were emergency contraceptive pills 88 (41.7%) condoms 84 (39.8%), injectables 80 (37.9%) and the rest used the Calendar method 16 (7.58%), withdrawal 15 (7.11%), and implants 11 (5.21%). In the adjusted multivariate logistic regression, Age (AOR = 2.93; 95% CI; 1.29–7.50) p = 0.023, marital status (AOR = 0.08; 95%CI; 0.01–0.91) p = 0.041 and religion (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI; 0.05–0.64) p = 0.009 were significantly associated with contraceptive use. Other determinants such as hearing about contraceptives (AOR = 9.44; 95%CI; 1.95–45.77) p = 0.005, partner opposition (AOR = 33.61; 95%CI; 1.15–985.39) p = 0.041, side effects (AOR = 4.86; 95%CI; 1.83–12.91) p = 0.001, lack of knowledge (AOR = 5.41; 95%CI; 1.15–25.42) p = 0.032, and respondents receiving counselling on family planning were significantly associated with contraceptive use (AOR = 4.02; 95% CI;1.29–12.42), p = 0.016.

Conclusion
Contraceptive use among sexually active women in the Berekum Municipality is higher than the national conceptive prevalence rate. However, factors such as knowledge about the side effects of contraceptive influences contraceptive use among women. Healthcare providers must explore avenues to enhance partner involvement, intensify health education and detailed counselling about contraceptive use to address misconceptions and myths surrounding the side effects of contraceptives.
Adoption of antenatal care conversation mapping among health care providers in Saudi Arabia: Application of the diffusion innovation theory
Authors: Alhashem Anwar , Alotaiby Bayader A. , Al thobaiti Rahaf B. , Almaktoomi Mudhi M. , Alzahrani Shahad I. , Albaiz Alia A. , Aboul-Enein Basil H. , Benajiba Nada 
Published: June 2023

Aim
To measure the factors influencing on the adoption of antenatal care conversation mapping among health care providers in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), using the diffusion innovation theory.

Methods
88 healthcare providers (Riyadh) were recruited using a non-probability convenient sampling technique were trained on how to use a newly developed antenatal care conversation map. Data was collected by self-administrated questionnaire on health education services, adoption of conversation map and diffusion of innovation variables. The JMP statistical software from SAS version 14 was used to perform data analysis.

Results
Printable tools were most common as used by 72.7% of participants and 83.0% of them did not hear about conversation map. The total mean score of diffusion of innovation variables showed was in general high. The total mean score of relative advantage and observability was high in participants aged between 40 to less than 50 years, while the total mean score of compatibility, complexity, and trialability was high in participants aged from 50 years and more. Significant differences were obtained in both compatibility and trialability considering the health educators specialty, p = 0.03 and p = 0.027 respectively. The linear correlations between diffusion of innovation variables was significantly positive (p-value <0.01).

Conclusion
All of diffusion of innovation variables were positive as per the opinion of the participants. Applying the conversation map on other health topics in Saudi Arabia and other Arabic-speaking countries is warranted. Measuring and evaluating the adoption rate of conversation mapping among health care providers on other health topics should be explored.