bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2-Sulfonylthiazoles via Heteroaryl C–H Sulfonylation of Thiazole N-Oxides
Authors: Um Hyun-Suk , Shin Woong Sik , Lee Chulbom , Son Kyu Jin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDescribed here is an efficient method for the modular synthesis of 2-sulfonylthiazole derivatives via heteroaryl C–H sulfonylation. The protocol is composed of two stages involving O-activation of thiazole N-oxides and nucleophilic addition of a sulfinate, which induces N(3)-deoxygenation and C(2)-sulfonylation. The vicarious substitution is performed most effectively by using 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride for O-acylation while employing sodium [tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyloxy]methanesulfinate (TBSOMS-Na) as the nucleophile. The sulfones thus obtained can be converted to an array of thiazolyl sulfones, sulfonamides, and sulfonyl fluorides by displacing the silyloxymethyl moiety with alkyl, aryl, amino, and fluoro groups. The C–H sulfonylation approach, in combination with a sulfoxylate (SO2
2–) strategy, provides direct access to sulfonylated thiazole scaffolds without recourse to the use of 2-halothiazoles.
Thyroid Malignancy in Multinodular Goiter: A Prevalence Study in a High-Volume Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Beena Sree Lekshmy , Govindan Unnikrishnan , Mohammed Serbin 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
Goiter is one of the most common endocrine neoplasms found globally and its incidence varies in each country. Evaluation includes clinical, laboratory, radiological, and pathological tests to rule out malignancy. Surgery may be indicated in cases when the patient develops compressive symptoms, risks of malignancy, or cosmetic deformity. Thyroid malignancies account for only 1 to 2% of all malignancies. Irrespective of size, 9 to 13% of preoperative pathological evaluations revealed malignancy.
To study the prevalence of thyroid malignancy in patients presenting with multinodular goiter (MNG) undergoing thyroidectomy in the Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India.

Material and Methods
This prevalence study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India, for a year, between March 2017 and February 2018. All patients with MNG undergoing thyroidectomy in the Department of General Surgery during this period were selected. A total of 651 patients were included in the study after obtaining informed consent.

Results
A total of 651 patients were studied, out of which 91 patients (13.9%) had malignancy. Among the total, 529 were females and 122 were males. Total malignancies reported were 91 and in those, males were around 31.9% and females around 68.1%. But when comparing incidence of malignancy in MNG, it was found to be higher in males (23.8%) than females (11.7%). Out of 91 patients with malignancy, 77 patients were found to have papillary carcinoma thyroid. Most of the papillary carcinoma thyroid occurred between 41 and 50 years of age, although it can occur in younger patients too. Palpable cervical lymphadenopathy is seen in 34 cases (37.4%) of thyroid malignancies.

Conclusion
Proportion of thyroid malignancy in MNG at Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, is 13.9%. Females are more commonly affected than males. Papillary carcinoma is the most common differentiated malignancy associated. Cervical lymph nodal metastasis is seen in 37.4% of thyroid malignancies. The risk of malignancy in MNG should not be underestimated as significant numbers of patients with thyroid malignancies present with MNG.
An Unusual Case of Neurenteric Cyst in a Patient with Split Cord Malformation
Authors: Harris Peter , Fleisher Max , Liu Matthew , Javan Ramin , Olan Wayne , Rosner Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeurenteric cyst in a split cord malformation is a rare finding. We report an adult female becoming acutely symptomatic secondary to an expanding neurenteric cyst, though previous imaging had demonstrated stability. We discuss our workup and management with surgical resection and possible etiologies of her acute decline.
Dissection of complement and Fc-receptor-mediated pathomechanisms of autoantibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
Authors: Mader Simone , Ho Samantha , Wong Hoi Kiu , Baier Selia , Winklmeier Stephan , Riemer Carolina , Rübsamen Heike , Fernandez Iris Marti , Gerhards Ramona , Du Cuilian , Chuquisana Omar , Lünemann Jan D. , Lux Anja , Nimmerjahn Falk , Bradl Monika , Kawakami Naoto , Meinl Edgar 
Published: March 2023

Autoantibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) have recently been established to define a new disease entity, MOG-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), which is clinically overlapping with multiple sclerosis. MOG-specific antibodies (Abs) from patients are pathogenic, but the precise effector mechanisms are currently still unknown and no therapy is approved for MOGAD. Here, we determined the contributions of complement and Fc-receptor (FcR)-mediated effects in the pathogenicity of MOG-Abs. Starting from a recombinant anti-MOG (mAb) with human IgG1 Fc, we established MOG-specific mutant mAbs with differential FcR and C1q binding. We then applied selected mutants of this MOG-mAb in two animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. First, we found MOG-mAb-induced demyelination was mediated by both complement and FcRs about equally. Second, we found that MOG-Abs enhanced activation of cognate MOG-specific T cells in the central nervous system (CNS), which was dependent on FcR-, but not C1q-binding. The identification of complement-dependent and -independent pathomechanisms of MOG-Abs has implications for therapeutic strategies in MOGAD.
Vector-tensor gravity from a broken gauge symmetry
Authors: Chagoya Javier , Sabido Miguel , Silva-García A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper we present a Yang-Mills type gauge theory of vector-tensor gravity, where the tetrad, the spin connection and vector field are identified with components of the gauge field. This setup leads to a theory that in flat spacetime is contained in Generalized Proca theories, while in curved spacetime is closely related to beyond Generalized Proca. We solve for static and spherically symmetric space-time and show that there are two branches of solutions, one where the metric is asymptotically Schwarzschild even though there is a cosmological constant in the action, and another one where the metric is asymptotically (anti-)de Sitter. Also, we study the effect of the vector field on homogeneous and isotropic spacetimes, finding that it contributes to the accelerated expansion of the spacetime.
Enhanced energy storage performance in polypropylene-acrylic acid grafted polypropylene-ZrO2 ternary nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Liu Hongbo , Cheng Lu , Li Shengtao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To improve the energy storage density while maintaining low dielectric loss is crucial for the miniaturization of capacitors. In the present study, we proposed a ternary nanocomposite system comprised of polypropylene (PP), acrylic acid grafted PP (PP-g-AA), and nano-ZrO2. The PP-g-AA was firstly prepared by a free radical grafting with the proportion fixed to 50 wt%, and the content of nano-ZrO2 ranged from 0.5 wt% to 5 wt% to tailor the ternary composite. The transmission electron microscope observation showed that PP-g-AA could significantly benefit the dispersion of nanoparticles and the differential scanning calorimetry results indicated the superior compatibility of the ternary nanocomposites. Accordingly, with the optimum nano-ZrO2 content of 0.5 wt%, the ternary nanocomposites achieved the permittivity of 2.7 and DC breakdown strength of 456.2 kV mm−1, resulting in the enhanced energy density of 2.77 J cm−3 which was 60% higher than neat PP, while the dielectric loss was kept lower than 0.003. Moreover, even at the temperature of 120 °C, the ternary nanocomposites maintained a high-performance energy storage density of 2.28 J cm−3 (with energy storage efficiency above 90%), which was 670% of the neat PP.
Dynamic reactions of defects in ion-implanted 4H-SiC upon high temperature annealing
Authors: Liu Xinghua , Ren Fang-Fang , Wang Zhengpeng , Sun Xinyu , Yang Qunsi , Wang Yiwang , Ye Jiandong , Chen Xiufang , Xu Wei-Zong , Zhou Dong , Xu Xiangang , Zhang Rong , Lu Hai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Single-photon emitters based on intrinsic defects in silicon carbide (SiC) are promising as solid-state qubits for the quantum information storage, whereas defect engineering in a controllable manner still remains challenging. Herein, the thermally-driven defect dynamic reaction in the ion implanted 4H-SiC has been exploited through the optical emission spectra of defects. For the heavy-ion (Si or Ar) implanted samples with abundant Frenkel pairs, the silicon vacancies (VSi) are energetically converted into the carbon antisite-vacancy pair (CSi-VC) upon annealing till 1300 °C for 30 min, accompanied with the gradual lattice recovery and local strain relaxation. The further temperature elevation dissociates the metastable CSi-VC into carbon antisite (CSi) and carbon vacancy (VC), as supported by the consequent quenching of the (CSi-VC)-related emission at 700 nm. Thus, the whole defect reaction is probed as the vacancy interconversion from VSi to VC with the byproduct of stacking faults. In contrast, the intermediate CSi-VC complexes are not energetically favorable during the annealing of the H-implanted sample, which results from the negligible generation of Frenkel pairs, as supported by the x-ray diffraction patterns and Raman scattering analysis. These findings provide guidance for defect engineering in SiC toward the creation of reliable single photon emitters.
The cumulant Green’s functions method for the Hubbard model
Authors: Lira R N , Riseborough P S , Silva-Valencia J , Figueira M S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We use the cumulant Green’s functions method (CGFM) to study the single-band Hubbard model. The starting point of the method is to diagonalize a cluster (‘seed’) containing N correlated sites and employ the cumulants calculated from the cluster solution to obtain the full Green’s functions for the lattice. All calculations are done directly; no variational or self-consistent process is needed. We benchmark the one-dimensional results for the gap, the double occupancy, and the ground-state energy as functions of the electronic correlation at half-filling and the occupation numbers as functions of the chemical potential obtained from the CGFM against the corresponding results of the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz and the quantum transfer matrix methods. The particle-hole symmetry of the density of states is fulfilled, and the gap, occupation numbers, and ground-state energy tend systematically to the known results as the cluster size increases. We include a straightforward application of the CGFM to simulate the singles occupation of an optical lattice experiment with lithium-6 atoms in an eight-site Fermi-Hubbard chain near half-filling. The method can be applied to any parameter space for one, two, or three-dimensional Hubbard Hamiltonians and extended to other strongly correlated models, like the Anderson Hamiltonian, the t − J, Kondo, and Coqblin-Schrieffer models.
A review on the size-dependent bulking, vibration and, wave propagation of nanostructures
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Yanglan , Zhao Xiang , Sun Jianqiang , Wang Yuxing , Zhu Hongjun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Size effect is a typical characteristic of micro-/nano-materials, which can contribute to a variety of size-dependent behaviors, phenomena, and properties, such as stiffness softening, deformation springback, etc. The intrinsic causes of size effects are micro-structural properties of materials, and the sensitivity of microstructural properties of materials is closely related to the smallest structural unit of the crystal, crystal defects and geometric dimensions, and is heavily influenced by the material’s field conditions. The modeling method based on non-local theory and gradient theory in the model is not only consistent with experimental and molecular dynamics simulation results, but also provides a solid explanation for the size effect underlying ‘softening’ and ‘hardening’ behaviors. Taking this as a basic point, this paper further considers the real working environment of materials, and systematically reviews the static and dynamic mechanical behavior cases of various nano-structures, mainly involving bulking, vibration and wave propagation of micro-beams and plates under different theories. A description and discussion of the differences in mechanical properties resulting from size effects under various theoretical frameworks and three key bottleneck problems are provided: the selection of kernel functions, the determination of size parameters, and the physical meaning of boundary conditions at higher orders. A summary is provided of the possible avenues and potentials for size effect models in future research. Many studies have shown that size parameters have a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of micro-/nano-structures, and these effects will increase as the size of the structure decreases. Nevertheless, different theories have varying scopes of application and size effects, and further research is needed to develop a unified size-dependent theory with universal applicability. A major focus of this paper is on the size effect of micro-/nano-structures, as well as provides the necessary data support to resolve the bottleneck problem associated with the size effect in the processing and manufacturing industries, and realizes the design and optimization of micro-scale parts based on their size.
Thermographic 3D particle tracking velocimetry for turbulent gas flows
Authors: Stelter Moritz , Martins Fabio J W A , Beyrau Frank , Fond Benoît 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTurbulent flows are characterized by diverse and unsteady three-dimensional (3D) features that require 3D measurements to study. In case of non-isothermal flows, combined 3D measurements of temperature and velocity are necessary. In this paper, a thermographic 3D particle tracking velocimetry (thermographic 3D-PTV) concept is introduced for simultaneous 3D temperature and velocity measurements in turbulent gas flows. It is based on sub-micron thermographic phosphor particles seeded into the flow as flow tracers with low response times of a few microseconds. To obtain each tracer’s position and velocity, the measurement region is illuminated volumetrically using a double-pulse green laser and Mie-scattered light is imaged by four double-frame cameras. Following the pinhole model-based calibration of all cameras, 3D particle positions are computed for both laser pulse-times using a fast minimum line of sight reconstruction code. Three-component velocities are derived from tracking individual particles between these time steps. For simultaneous 3D thermometry, temperature dependent luminescence emissions from the same phosphor particles are exploited. These emissions are excited using a UV laser synchronized with the first green laser pulse and imaged using two cameras equipped with spectral filters for ratiometric phosphor thermometry. As a result, instantaneous 3D fields of discrete temperature and velocity measurements are obtained throughout the volume. The concept is demonstrated in a turbulent heated gas jet emerging from a circular nozzle at a particle image concentration of 0.005 particle per pixel, where the symmetry of the velocity and temperature distributions about the jet axis is successfully reconstructed.
Sound field separation technique for nonplanar sources based on field prediction by using statistically optimized near-field acoustic holography
Authors: Cheng Wei , Ou Kai , Song Chao , Chen Shuang , Chen Xuefeng , Gao Lin , Wang Jun , Zhao Yanan , Yang Mingsui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
For the sound field of cylindrical or compact sources, the current sound field separation technique (FST) based on statistically optimized near-field acoustic holography (SONAH) uses planar wave for separation, and the effects of different wave functions have not yet been studied. However, the non-conformal problem between the hologram surface and the sound sources commonly has a risk of accuracy reduction. Here, an FST for nonplanar sources based on SONAH is proposed to solve this problem. First, considering that field prediction of near-field acoustic holography will attenuate errors, noise immunity of the FST is effectively improved in a noisy environment by moving the reconstruction surface to the prediction area. Subsequently, the appropriate conformal wave function is determined by combining the shape of the sound source and is substituted into the improved method in the first step to separate the free-field sound pressure. Finally, simulations, experiments using loudspeakers, and a cylindrical experiment platform prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can greatly improve the adaptability and reliability of the FST in nonplanar sound sources in mechanical systems.
2D Bi2Te3/Si heterostructure with high thermoelectric power factor enabled by interface regulated carrier injection
Authors: Chen Lili , Zhu Beibei , Chen Jiayi , Xing Shanshan , Tao Li 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It has been highly demanded to optimize the charge carrier concentration in 2D Bi2Te3 to achieve enhanced thermoelectric performance. This work reveals that, constructing 2D Bi2Te3/Si heterostructure with tuned interfacial electronic band structure can meet the above needs. When the work function in Si substrate is decreased from 4.6 to 4.06 eV, the charge carrier concentration and electron effective mass are increased simultaneously. Consequently, the electrical conductivity of 2D Bi2Te3 on n++-Si has reaches up to 1250 S·cm−1, which is 90% higher than the counterpart on SiO2/Si substrate, although the Seebeck coefficient in these two samples is around −103 μV·K−1. The resultant power factor of 2D Bi2Te3/n++-Si heterostructure is 13.4 μW·cm−1·K−2, which is one of the best values among similar studies ever reported. This work demonstrates a facile way to improve thermoelectric properties via interfacial engineering in a heterostructure.
Enhancing optical characteristics of mediator-assisted wafer-scale MoS2 and WS2 on h-BN
Authors: Chiu Sheng-Kuei , Li Ming-Chi , Ci Ji-Wei , Hung Yuan-Chih , Tsai Dung-Sheng , Chen Chien-Han , Lin Li-Hung , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Aoki Nobuyuki , Hsieh Ya-Ping , Chuang Chiashain 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures exhibit intriguing optoelectronic properties; thus, they are good platforms for exploring fundamental research and further facilitating real device applications. The key is to preserve the high quality and intrinsic properties of 2D materials and their heterojunction interface even in production scale during the transfer and assembly process so as to apply in semiconductor manufacturing field. In this study, we successfully adopted a wet transfer existing method to separate mediator-assisted wafer-scale from SiO2/Si growing wafer for the first time with intermediate annealing to fabricate wafer-scale MoS2/h-BN and WS2/h-BN heterostructures on a SiO2/Si wafer. Interestingly, the high-quality wafer-scale 2D material heterostructure optical properties were enhanced and confirmed by Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Our approach can be applied to other 2D materials and expedite mass production for industrial applications.
Coupling the COST reference plasma jet to a microfluidic device: a new diagnostic tool for plasma-liquid interactions
Authors: Bissonnette-Dulude Julien , Coulombe Sylvain , Gervais Thomas , Reuter Stephan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Plasma-liquid interaction processes are central to plasma applications in medicine, environment, and material processing. However, a standardized platform that allows the study of the production and transport of plasma-generated reactive species from the plasma to the liquid is lacking. We hypothesize that use of microfluidic devices would unlock many possibilities to investigate the transport of reactive species in plasma-treated liquids and, ultimately, to measure the effects of these species on biological systems, as microfluidics has already provided multiple solutions in medical treatment investigations. Our approach combines a capacitively coupled RF plasma jet known as the COST reference plasma jet with simple 3D printed microfluidic devices. This novel pairing is achieved by carefully controlling capillary effects within the microfluidic device at the plasma-liquid interaction zone. The generation and transport of reactive species from the plasma to the liquid inside the microfluidic device are analyzed using a colorimetric hydrogen peroxide concentration assay. A capillary flow model is provided to explain the two main regimes of operations observed in the device and their merits are discussed. Overall, the proposed plasma-microfluidic prototype shows great potential for the fundamental study of plasma-liquid interactions and opens the way to the use of standard microfluidic devices with plasma sources developing a plasma column or a plasma plume.
A 3D dislocated re-entrant structure with compression-twist coupling effect
Authors: Chen Xuan , He Tengwu , Hu Yandong , Feng Miaolin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Compression-twist metamaterials are artificially designed materials which can realize transformation from axial compressing to twist loading. In this study, a new dislocation design of the 2D re-entrant hexagonal structure is proposed with the compression-shear coupling effect. Through orthogonal assembling, its 3D dislocation re-entrant structure is successfully obtained that exhibits compression-twist coupling effect. A theoretical model is built to clarify the deformation mechanisms of the novel structures, and relevant analyses indicate that the compression-twist coupling effects can be tuned by tailoring structure’s geometric parameters with a wide range of adjustable twist angles. Besides, the experiments and numerical simulations are also performed to verify our developed theoretical model, and finally more feasible structure designs are extended with compression-twist coupling effect based on the re-entrant structure. The novel 3D material structure with excellent compression-twist coupling effects provides new ideas for the design of compression-twist metamaterials.