bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From believing in climate change to adapting to climate change: The role of risk perception and efficacy beliefs
Authors: van Valkengoed Anne M. , Perlaviciute Goda , Steg Linda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAre people more inclined to adapt to climate change if they believe that climate change is real, caused by human behavior, and/or brings negative consequences? Previous studies provided inconclusive results on the relationship between climate change perceptions and adaptation behavior. Using a longitudinal approach, we examined whether risk perception, self‐efficacy, and outcome efficacy play a role in how and when climate change perceptions are associated with adaptation to pluvial flooding and heat stress in the Netherlands. As expected, stronger climate change perceptions were associated with stronger perceptions of climate‐related risks, which in turn lead to stronger intentions to implement adaptation measures. Yet, neither climate change perceptions nor risk perception were associated with whether people had actually implemented adaptation measures during a 1‐year period. Contrary to common assumptions in the literature, higher levels of perceived self‐efficacy and outcome efficacy did not strengthen the relations between climate change perceptions and adaptation intentions and behavior. Rather, higher levels of self‐efficacy and outcome efficacy were directly related to stronger intentions to take adaptive measures and taking those measures within a period of 1 year. Exploratory analyses offered initial support for a sequential model where climate change perceptions lead to higher levels of perceptions of specific climate‐related risks, which in turn lead to stronger self‐efficacy and outcome efficacy, ultimately increasing adaptation intentions, but not actual behavior. Strategies to promote adaptation behavior could aim to remove behavioral barriers to increase self‐efficacy, and strengthen outcome efficacy, enabling people to act on their climate change perceptions.
Resistance training diminishes mitochondrial adaptations to subsequent endurance training in healthy untrained men
Authors: Mesquita Paulo H. C. , Godwin Joshua S. , Ruple Bradley A. , Sexton Casey L. , McIntosh Mason C. , Mueller Breanna J. , Osburn Shelby C. , Mobley C. Brooks , Libardi Cleiton A. , Young Kaelin C. , Gladden L. Bruce , Roberts Michael D. , Kavazis Andreas N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe investigated the effects of performing a period of resistance training (RT) on the performance and molecular adaptations to a subsequent period of endurance training (ET). Twenty‐five young adults were divided into an RT+ET group (n = 13), which underwent 7 weeks of RT followed by 7 weeks of ET, and an ET‐only group (n = 12), which performed 7 weeks of ET. Body composition, endurance performance and muscle biopsies were collected before RT (T1, baseline for RT+ET), before ET (T2, after RT for RT+ET and baseline for ET) and after ET (T3). Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine fibre cross‐sectional area (fCSA), myonuclear content, myonuclear domain size, satellite cell number and mitochondrial content. Western blots were used to quantify markers of mitochondrial remodelling. Citrate synthase activity and markers of ribosome content were also investigated. RT improved body composition and strength, increased vastus lateralis thickness, mixed and type II fCSA, myonuclear number, markers of ribosome content, and satellite cell content (P < 0.050). In response to ET, both groups similarly decreased body fat percentage (P < 0.0001) and improved endurance performance (e.g. , and speed at which the onset of blood lactate accumulation occurred, P < 0.0001). Levels of mitochondrial complexes I–IV in the ET‐only group increased 32–66%, while those in the RT+ET group increased 1–11% (time, P < 0.050). Additionally, mixed fibre relative mitochondrial content increased 15% in the ET‐only group but decreased 13% in the RT+ET group (interaction, P = 0.043). In conclusion, RT performed prior to ET had no additional benefits to ET adaptations. Moreover, prior RT seemed to impair mitochondrial adaptations to ET.
imageKey points
Resistance training is largely underappreciated as a method to improve endurance performance, despite reports showing it may improve mitochondrial function.
Although several concurrent training studies are available, in this study we investigated the effects of performing a period of resistance training on the performance and molecular adaptations to subsequent endurance training.
Prior resistance training did not improve endurance performance and impaired most mitochondrial adaptations to subsequent endurance training, but this effect may have been a result of detraining from resistance training.
Impact of sequential capacity building on emergency department organisational flow during COVID-19 pandemic: a quasi-experimental study in a low-resource, tertiary care centre
Authors: Saleem Syed Ghazanfar , Ali Saima , Akhtar Ahwaz , Khatri Adeel , Ashraf Nabeel , Jamal Imran , Maroof Quratulain , Aziz Tariq , Mukhtar Sama 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionA quasi-experimental study was conducted to estimate the impact of sequential emergency department (ED) capacity building interventions on key performance indicators such as patients’ length of stay (LOS) and wait time (WT) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was achieved through augmenting personnel education and head count, space restructuring and workflow reorganisation.Setting and participantsThis study included 268 352 patients presenting from January 2019 to December 2020 at Indus Hospital and Health network Karachi, a philanthropic tertiary healthcare facility in a city of 20 million residents. A follow-up study was undertaken from January to December 2021 with 123 938 participants.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThese included mean and median ED-LOS and WT for participants presenting in different cohorts. The results of the pre-COVID-19 year 2019 (phase 0) were compared with that of the COVID-19 year, 2020 (phases 1–3 corresponding to peaks, and phase 4 corresponding to reduction in caseloads). The follow-up was conducted in 2021 to see the sustainability of the sequential capacity building.ResultsPhases 1, 2 and 3 had a lower mean adjusted LOS (4.42, 3.92 and 4.40 hours) compared with phase 0 (4.78 hours, p<0.05) with the lowest numbers seen in phase 2. The same held true for WT with 45.1, 23.8 and 30.4 min in phases 1–3 compared with 49.9 in phase 0. However, phase 4 had a higher LOS but a lower WT when compared with phase 0 with a p<0.05.ConclusionSequential capacity building and improving the operational flow through stage appropriate interventions can be used to off-load ED patients and improve process flow metrics. This shows that models created during COVID-19 can be used to develop sustainable solutions and investment is needed in ideas such as ED-based telehealth to improve patient satisfaction and outcomes.
Lessons learnt from the first wave of COVID-19 in Damascus, Syria: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hanafi Ibrahem , Alzamel Lyana , Alnabelsi Ola , Sallam Sondos , Almousa Samaher 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThe decade-long Syrian war led to fragile health infrastructures lacking in personal and physical resources. The public health of the Syrian population was, therefore, vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic, which devastated even well-resourced healthcare systems. Nevertheless, the officially reported incidence and fatality rates were significantly lower than the forecasted numbers.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingThe four main responding hospitals in Damascus, which received most of the cases during the first pandemic wave in Syria (i.e., June–August 2020).ParticipantsOne thousand one hundred eighty-four patients who were managed as inpatient COVID-19 cases.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe records of hospitalised patients were screened for clinical history, vital signs, diagnosis modality, major interventions and status at discharge.ResultsThe diagnostic and therapeutic preparedness for COVID-19 was significantly heterogeneous among the different centres and depleted rapidly after the arrival of the first wave. Only 32% of the patients were diagnosed based on positive reverse transcription-PCR tests. Five hundred twenty-six patients had an indication for intensive care unit admission, but only 82% of them received it. Two hundred fifty-seven patients needed mechanical ventilation, but ventilators were not available to 14% of them, all of whom died. Overall mortality during hospitalisation reached 46% and no significant difference was found in fatality between those who received and did not receive these care options.ConclusionsThe Syrian healthcare system expressed minor resilience in facing the COVID-19 pandemic, as its assets vanished swiftly with a limited number of cases. This forced physicians to reserve resources (e.g., ventilators) for the most severe cases, which led to poor outcomes of in-hospital management and limited the admission capacity for milder cases. The overwhelmed system additionally suffered from constrained coordination, suboptimal allocation of the accessible resources and a severe inability to informatively report on the catastrophic pandemic course in Syria.
Evaluating the efficacy of a community participatory intervention to prevent suicide in Thailand: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Sornpaisarn Bundit , Rehm Jürgen , Tamdee Decha , Wisutthananon Anon , Thummathai Kwaunpanomporn , Tongtua Kanjana , Rutivarnich Valairux , Suriyalangka Amornrat , Hengboonphan Duangporn , Lange Shannon 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe age-standardised suicide mortality rate in Thailand has been stable at a high level in recent years, highlighting the need for suicide prevention interventions. In Thailand, community involvement plays a key role in health promotion. The aim of this ongoing trial is to evaluate the efficacy of a community participatory intervention in two subdistricts in Thailand for reducing suicidality symptoms among individuals considered at high risk for suicide and compare the outcomes to two control subdistricts.Methods and analysisIn this cluster (subdistrict) randomised controlled trial, we randomised two districts to either the community participatory intervention arm or the control arm. From each district, we selected one large and one small subdistricts. We estimated that we need 235 participants per study arm, who were recruited from subdistrict health centres. The primary outcome is suicidality symptoms. Secondary outcomes are depression symptoms, quality of life, stress level and health and community service accessibility.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Nursing, Chiangmai University (number 050/2022). All participants were required to provide informed consent. The findings of the study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and via conferences.Trial registration numberTCTR20220620003; the Thai Clinical Trials Registry.
Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among cashiers in small-scale businesses: a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Tesfaye Amensisa , Desye Belay , Engdaw Garedew Tadege 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among cashiers in small-scale businesses in Northwestern Ethiopia.DesignA multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2022. The data were collected using a validated and standardised Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EpiData V.4.6 and analysed using Stata V.14. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain the significance of associations at p<0.05 and the adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI.SettingThe study was conducted in small-scale businesses in the North Gondar Zone.ParticipantsA total of 618 cashiers participated in this study.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome of the study is the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, which was measured using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.ResultsThe response rate was 97.5% (N=618). The majority (373; 60.4%) of the study participants were female. The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 30 (±8.3) years. The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders during the last 12 months was found to be 75.4% (n=466) (95% CI 71.8%, 78.8%). Marital status (married) (AOR=2.12; 95% CI 1.26, 3.56), lack of physical exercise (AOR=2.07; 95% CI 1.32, 3.23), alcohol consumption (AOR=3.55; 95% CI 2.18, 5.78) and awkward work posture (AOR=2.40; 95% CI 1.43, 4.0) were significant factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among sampled cashiers.ConclusionThis study concluded that the overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was high among cashiers in small-scale businesses. Being married, a lack of physical exercise, alcohol consumption and awkward work posture were significant factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. To reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders, it is recommended taking part in physical activity, avoiding alcohol consumption and avoiding awkward work posture.
Universal screening programme for cytomegalovirus infection in the first trimester of pregnancy: study protocol for an observational multicentre study in the area of Barcelona (CITEMB study)
Authors: Sanchez-Durán Maria Angeles , Maiz Nerea , Liutsko Liudmila , Bielsa-Pascual Jofre , García-Sierra Rosa , Zientalska Aneta Monika , Velasco Inés , Vazquez Eva , Gracia Olga , Ribas Aleida , Sitja Nuria , Nadales Maria , Martinez Cristina , Gonce Anna , Frick Marie Antoinette , Guerrero-Martínez Mercedes , Violán Concepción , Torán Pere , Falguera-Puig Gemma , Gol Roser 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionCongenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the leading cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss and one of the main causes of neurological disability. Despite this, no universal screening programme for cCMV has been implemented in Spain. A recent study has shown that early treatment with valaciclovir, initiated in the first trimester and before the onset of signs in the fetus, reduces the risk of fetal infection. This finding favours the implementation of a universal screening programme for cCMV.The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a universal screening programme for cCMV during the first trimester of pregnancy in a primary care setting.Methods and analysisThis is an observational multicentre cohort study. The study will be conducted in four primary care settings from the Northern Metropolitan Barcelona area and three related hospitals and will last 3 years and will consist of a recruitment period of 18 months.In their first pregnancy visit, pregnant women will be offered to add a CMV serology test to the first trimester screening tests. Pregnant women with primary infection will be referred to the reference hospital, where they will continue treatment and follow-up according to the clinical protocol of the referral hospital, which includes treatment with valacyclovir. A CMV-PCR will be performed at birth on newborns of mothers with primary infection, and those who are infected will undergo neonatal follow-up for at least 12 months of life.For the analysis, the acceptance rate, the prevalence of primary CMV infections and the CMV seroprevalence in the first trimester of pregnancy will be studied.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the University Institute Foundation for Primary Health Care Research Jordi Gol i Gurina Ethics Committee 22/097-P dated 27 April 2022.
Optimal dose of perineural dexamethasone for the prolongation of analgesia for peripheral nerve blocks: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chai Wenjie , Wang Shaopeng , Zhang Donghang 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionPerineural use of dexamethasone is demonstrated to extend the analgesia duration of peripheral nerve blocks (PNB), but its optimal dose remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the optimal dose of perineural dexamethasone in the prolongation of analgesia for PNB.Methods and analysisPubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science will be searched from their inception to 1 March 2023. Language will be restricted to English. Randomised controlled trials that compared the efficacy and safety of different doses of perineural dexamethasone for PNB in adult patients will be included. Retrospective studies, reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, conference abstracts, comments and studies regarding paediatric surgeries will be excluded. The duration of analgesia will be defined as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes will include pain scores, the total analgesic requirement over 48 hours and the incidence of adverse effects. Two reviewers will independently perform the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. RevMan V.5.3 software will be used for data analysis. The quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required. The results of this study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022385672.
‘They’ve all endorsed it…but I’m just not there:’ a qualitative exploration of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy reported by Black and Latinx individuals
Authors: Scales David , Gorman Sara , Windham Savannah , Sandy William , Gregorian Nellie , Hurth Lindsay , Radhakrishnan Malavika , Akunne Azubuike , Gorman Jack M 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveWe sought to examine reasons for vaccine hesitancy among online communities of US-based Black and Latinx communities to understand the role of historical racism, present-day structural racism, medical mistrust and individual concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy.DesignA qualitative study using narrative and interpretive phenomenological analysis of online bulletin board focus groups.SettingBulletin boards with a focus-group-like setting in an online, private, chat-room-like environment.ParticipantsSelf-described vaccine hesitant participants from US-based Black (30) and Latinx (30) communities designed to reflect various axes of diversity within these respective communities in the US context.ResultsBulletin board discussions covered a range of topics related to COVID-19 vaccination. COVID-19 vaccine hesitant participants expressed fears about vaccine safety and doubts about vaccine efficacy. Elements of structural racism were cited in both groups as affecting populations but not playing a role in individual vaccine decisions. Historical racism was infrequently cited as a reason for vaccine hesitancy. Individualised fears and doubts about COVID-19 (short-term and long-term) safety and efficacy dominated these bulletin board discussions. Community benefits of vaccination were not commonly raised among participants.ConclusionsWhile this suggests that addressing individually focused fear and doubts are central to overcoming COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Black and Latinx groups, addressing the effects of present-day structural racism through a focus on community protection may also be important.
Determinants of gastric cancer screening attendance in Southeastern China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Huang Zhiwen , Hu Zhijian , Wong Li Ping , Lin Yulan 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the determinants of gastric cancer screening attendance among individuals aged 40 years in a region with high gastric cancer in China.DesignAn anonymous, cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2021 and March 2022.SettingA self-administered online survey was conducted in Fujian Province in Southeastern China.ParticipantsPeople aged 40 years living in five selected cities in Fujian Province with no history of cancer.Main outcome measuresGastric cancer screening attendance was measured with the question ‘Have you ever been screened for gastric cancer in the past’.ResultsIn total, 2547 complete responses were obtained. The mean age of respondents was 47.72±7.20 years, and 59.8% were men. A total of 42.6% of participants reported that they had undergone gastric cancer screening. The result of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that participants with a first-degree relative affected with gastric cancer (OR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.58 to 2.59) and high perceived susceptibility of gastric cancer (OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.58 to 2.59) were the strongest facilitators for screening attendance. Other factors positively associated with screening attendance were age 51–60 years (OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.18), living in urban regions (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.55), friends/neighbours/colleagues with gastric cancer (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.58), history of chronic gastric disease (OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.57 to 2.30), perceived high cost (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.61) and physician recommendation (OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.36 to 2.16). On the other hand, factors negatively associated with screening attendance included perceived barriers, namely screening is only necessary when symptoms present (OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.87) and perceived appointment for gastroscopy screening is difficult and time-consuming (OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.94). No significant association was found between knowledge level and participation in screening.ConclusionThis study highlights important individual-level factors and barriers to gastric cancer screening. Strategies targeting under-screened populations and eliminating patient-perceived barriers to gastric cancer screening are essential.
“Set the Gaze on Fire”: Gold-Cloth Furnishing and Sacred Propaganda in the Courts of Early Mediaeval Islam
Authors: de Lara Juan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Three documents from Fatimid Egypt, ʿAbbasid Mesopotamia, and Taifa Toledo – dated between the fourth–sixth/tenth–twelfth centuries – describe the practice of decorating audience halls with gold-threaded furnishing textiles. By identifying fragments believed to be described in these texts, it is proposed that these vibrant interiors were an aesthetic and ceremonial phenomenon of the period. The colour potential of such fabrics, often emphasised in poetry, appears to have encouraged their use, given the symbolic significance associated with the palace and the caliph-imam as vessels and emitters of divine light.