bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good Governance and Terrorism in Nigeria
Authors: Hakeem Olatunji Tijani  
Published: March 2023

Nigeria has been fighting a war against terrorism for long time. It is uncertain if the war can be won because it has been exacerbated by lack of good governance. People have been deprived of economic opportunities, they are socially insecure and politically docile. This has had dire consequences for their human emancipation, which good governance attempts to build. Terrorism has found convenient marketability among the people as failure of the state in good governance has meant easy recruitment for terrorist activities. Therefore, for the war to be effectively prosecuted and won, sources of impediments to good governance need to be identified and addressed squarely. In other words, the curtailment of terrorism in Nigeria is hinged on abilities of the Nigerian state to promote good governance. Presently, Nigeria has been bedeviled with the twinning tragicness of terrorism and lack of good governance, the two signify failure for the state. Dishearteningly, today, Nigeria is on the verge of becoming a failed state because of its failure in good governance, Nigeria has continually witnessed decline in indicators of good governance. It has become incapable to provide security to citizens as acts of terrorism, banditry and kidnapping have been aggravated in the country.
Green chemistry synthesis and structural and optical study of Dy2(CO3)3→ Dy2O3 transition
Authors: Portillo Oscar , Chavez Portillo M. , Juarez Santiesteban H. , Serrano de La Rosa L. , Alvarado Pulido J. , Ramos Reynoso Y. 
Published: March 2023

This paper presents preliminary results of Dy2(CO3)3→Dy2O3 transition have been successfully obtained by Chemical Bath Deposition technical and subsequent thermal annealing temperature at ~600 °C. Two different temperatures of ~20°C and ~90 °C ± 2 °C are chosen to carry out the nanocrystalline growth. The crystalline phase is investigated by applying X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and some optical properties; Transmittance, Reflectivity, Normalized Absorbance, real (n) and imaginary (k) parts refractive index. The crystalline phase of these inorganic nanomaterials for Dy2(CO3)3 is orthorhombic phase, while for Dy2O3 it is cubic. Grain size average values located at ranged ~2.8-3.4 nm for Dy2(CO3)3 and ~6.5-9.6 nm for Dy2O3. Vibrational modes are identified by Raman spectroscopy, modes at ~150-1800 cm-1 frequency range assigned to internal vibrations of ion: v1-symmetric stretching (~1098 cm-1) v3-asymmetric -C-O stretching situated at ∼1063 cm-1, were observed corresponding to orthorhombic crystalline phase. The Fg+ Ag and A1g modes, corresponding to cubic phase Dy2O3. Multiple absorption bands with different relative intensities are observed at UV-Vis-NIR region, assigned to 4fs→4fs intra-electronic transitions and band gap energy. Absorption measurement were assigned to the transitions from ground state (6H15/2) to different excited states such as 4I13/2→4F7/2, 4I15/2, 6F3/2, 6F5/2, 6F7/2→6H5/2, 6F9/2→6H7/2, 6F11/2→6H9/2 and 6H11/2 of Dy3+ cation. Tauc’s plot reveals band gap situated at range ~4.66-5.17 eV for Dy2(CO3)3 and ~4.26-4.80 eV for Dy2O3 respectively.
Simbolismo y nostalgia
Authors: Hernández Perla Ileana , Montalvo Ramos 
Published: February 2023

La arquitectura de remesas en San Simeón Xipetzinco, Tlaxcala, es una representaciónsimbólica que evoca nostalgia para sus migrantes establecidos en la región de JacksonHall, Wyoming, quienes se esfuerzan por mostrar éxito económico. El objetivo del trabajoes mostrar el sentir de migrantes quienes no quieren ser olvidados por el pueblo que losvio nacer y alejarse a una nueva vida, haciéndose presentes a través de majestuosas
construcciones que buscan el reconocimiento de la comunidad para ellos y su familia.
La arquitectura de remesas, mezcla la frialdad de una casa nueva con el calor de las emociones ysentimientos de migrantes como Paula y Emilio, quienes después de 20 años de esfuerzo ytrabajo dejaron México a cambio de una mejor calidad de vida en otro país.
REOLOGÍA FISICOQUÍMICA DEL JARABE DE FRUTA (MIEL) PARA TURRÓN
Authors: Marín-Machuca Olegario , Iannacone José , Alvarado-Zambrano Fredy Aníbal , Vásquez-Aranda Ahuber Omar , Candela-Diaz José Eduardo , Quispe-Quispe Alexander 
Published: February 2023

Las propiedades reológicas de los distintos alimentos líquidos y especialmente de los jarabes a base de frutas dependen de distintos aspectos, dentro de los cuales están la composición y la temperatura. Uno de los aspectos que influyen en mayor grado es el contenido de agua del jarabe y, en general cuando el contenido de humedad se incrementa la viscosidad del jarabe de frutas disminuye. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la reología fisicoquímica del jarabe de fruta (miel) para el turrón peruano de “doña pepa”, para así obtener el mejor porcentaje de sinergismo de las gomas de xantan y de tara, y la más adecuada formulación para el jarabe de frutas. Para las dos gomas fueron determinadas seis concentraciones de 0,60 %, 0,80 %, 1,00 %, 1,20%, 1,40 % y 1,60%. En cada uno de estos porcentajes se determinó la viscosidad aparente, llegando a caracterizar el comportamiento de flujo del producto. Los resultados de pH, sólidos solubles y viscosidad dinámica de la fase continua para el tratamiento temperatura concentración (TZ), son mostrados tabulados. La viscosidad más idónea del jarabe de fruta para el turrón de Doña pepa a diferentes porcentajes de goma (xantan y tara) fue determinado a una temperatura de 22°C y a una concentración de 84°Brix. Se ha concluye que las gomas xantan y tara son excelente espesantes para este tipo de productos.
NUEVOS REGISTROS PARA LA ICTIOFAUNA DE LOS HUMEDALES DE PUERTO VIEJO (LIMA, PERÚ)
Authors: García-Pio José Martín , Torres-Zevallos Uriel , Huamaní-Japan Mauro 
Published: February 2023

Los humedales costeros son ecosistemas con alta diversidad de especies, considerándose de importancia estratégica en la conservación de la biodiversidad. La presente investigación tiene como fi nalidad hacer un registro de la ictiofauna entre los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 2019 en los humedales de Puerto Viejo, Perú. Se emplearon artes de pesca pasiva a través del uso de nasas. Se calculó la abundancia relativa por familia y especie, asimismo, los índices de diversidad alfa: riqueza específica (S), índice de Menhinick (DMn ), índice de Shannon (H’) e índice de Simpson (D). Un total de 201 especímenes fueron colectados pertenecientes a cinco géneros y siete especies: Bryconamericus peruanus (Müller & Troschel, 1845); Andinoacara stalsbergi Musilová, Schindler & Staeck, 2009; Amatitlania nigrofasciata (Günther, 1867); Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758); Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859; Poecilia velifera (Regan, 1914) y Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821). La mayor diversidad se encontró en la laguna 1 (S = 4; H’ = 1,14; D = 0,65) y laguna 6 (S = 4; H’ = 1; D = 0,51). Bryconamericus peruanus, especie nativa para la vertiente del Pacífico, representó más del 50% de especímenes colectados, seguido de P. reticulata con 27,36% del total de peces. Fue hallado un espécimen de la especie endémica A. stalsbergi; se reporta la presencia de P. latipinna para humedales de Lima. A pesar de la fuerte presión antropogénica, los humedales de Puerto Viejo conservan una parte representativa de la ictiofauna continental de la costa peruana.
ANALISIS EFEKTIFITAS PENGENDALIAN SISTEM SEPEDA LISTRIK MENGGUNAKAN GPS TRACKER BERBASIS APLIKASI ANDROID
Authors: Matsuani Matsuani Matsuani 
Published: March 2023

Permasalahan jumlah kasus Pencurian Kendaraan Bermotor pada tahun 2017 terdapat 35226 kasus, tahun 2018 sebanyak 27731 kasus dan tahun 2019 terdapat 23476 kasus (Data BPS RI 2020). Masih tingginya tingkat pencurian sepeda listrik di indonesia. Mudah dirusaknya pengaman sepeda listrik bawaan pabrik dengan menggunakan kunci T atau cairan kimia. Pengaman konversional pada sepeda listrik yang digunakan belum bisa mencegah tindakan pencurian, sebatas hanya menghambat. Informasi yang kurang lengkap menyebabkan kesulitan dalam proses pencarian sepeda listrik yang telah dicuri. Tujuan analisis sistem pengaman GPS tracker pada sepeda listrik, Pengujian fitur-fitur yang dimiliki modul GPS tracker. Mengetahui titik lokasi kendaraan pada aplikasi GPS di smartphone android. Mengetahui koordinat garis bujur dan garis lintang pada aplikasi GPS. Perbandingan hasil titik koordinat dari aplikasi GPS dengan google maps. Menghitung tingkat keakuratan pada modul GPS tracker. Atas dasar permasalahan yang ada maka dikembangkan alat pengaman sepeda listrik yang menggunakan teknologi GPS dan smartphone android. Pengaman yang dapat melacak, menemukan, memonitor dan mengontrol sepeda listrik secara realtime dan live tracking menggunakan aplikasi berbasis android. Sistem pelacak kendaraan menggunakan GPS tracker dan GSM ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi kendaraan pengguna, mematikan dan menghidupkan kendaraan yang dapat diatur menggunakan aplikasi dari perangkat smartphone android dan hasil pengujian perbandingan titik koordiant aplikasi GPS dengan google maps memiliki beberapa selisih angka yang berbeda. Tetapi tidak terlalu mempengaruhi lokasi sepeda listrik. Dari hasil perhitungan keakuratan koordinat modul GPS tracker dapat melacak koordinat GPS tracker dengan baik. Namun masih memiliki toleransi keakuratan dengan rata-rata 10 meter. Hasil tersebut masih baik karena dari keakurasian GPS yaitu 3-12 meter.

Kata kunci: Efektifitas Pengendalian Sistem Sepeda Listrik, GPS Tracker, Aplikasi Android.
Proses Scale Up Pembuatan Sabun Mandi Sekali Pakai dari Palm Cooking Oil (PCO) dengan Penambahan Berbagai Jenis Parfum
Authors: Handayani Sri 
Published: March 2023

Sabun mandi sekali pakai merupakan sabun yang dibuat dalam bentuk yang kecil hanya sekitar 1-2 gram dan akan habis dalam sekali pemakaian. Pembeda utama antara sabun mandi sekali pakai dan sabun padat biasa adalah penambahan plasticizer untuk membuat sabun agar tidak menempel satu sama lain. Pada penelitian sebelumnya asam lemak yang digunakan berasal dari VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) dan polivinil alcohol 5% (sebanyak 15 gram) sebagai plasticizer. Pada penelitian ini digunakan asam lemak yang berasal dari Palm Cooking Oil (PCO), dan dilakukan proses scale up dari formula yang telah ada serta dilakukan penambahan berbagai jenis parfum untuk mempelajari sifat fisik sabun mandi sekali pakai yang dihasilkan. Dari keempat formula yang ada, formula ke-3 yaitu sabun dengan 2% parfum Melona adalah formula yang paling baik dengan hasil analisa kadar air 15%, pH 9,9, kestabilan busa 90 dan kadar alkali bebas sebesar 0,02%.
Recommandations formalisées d’experts pour la prise en charge des pneumothorax spontanés primaires
Authors: Jouneau S. , Ricard J.-D. , Seguin-Givelet A. , Bigé N. , Contou D. , Desmettre T. , Hugenschmitt D. , Kepka S. , Le Gloan K. , Maître B. , Mangiapan G. , Marchand-Adam S. , Mariolo A. , Marx T. , Messika J. , Noël-Savina E. , Oberlin M. , Palmier L. , Perruez M. , Pichereau C. , Roche N. , Garnier M. , Martinez† M. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Le pneumothorax spontané primaire (PSP) est un épanchement gazeux dans la cavité pleurale, survenant hors traumatisme et pathologie respiratoire connue. Des recommandations formalisées d'experts sur le sujet sont justifiées par les pluralités de moyens diagnostiques, stratégies thérapeutiques et disciplines médicochirurgicales intervenant dans leur prise en charge.Méthodes: Revue bibliographique, analyse de la littérature selon méthodologie GRADE (Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation) ; propositions de recommandations cotées par experts, patients et organisateurs pour obtenir un consensus. Seuls les avis d'experts avec accord fort ont été retenus.Résultats: Un décollement sur toute la hauteur de la ligne axillaire et supérieur ou égal à 2 cm au niveau du hile à la radiographie thoracique de face définit la grande abondance. La stratégie thérapeutique dépend de la présentation clinique : exsufflation en urgence pour PSP suffocant ; en l'absence de signe de gravité : prise en charge conservatrice (faible abondance), exsufflation ou drainage (grande abondance). Le traitement ambulatoire est possible si organisation en amont de la filière. Les indications, procédures chirurgicales et l'analgésie périopératoire sont détaillées. Les mesures associées, notamment le sevrage tabagique, sont décrites.Conclusion: Ces recommandations sont une étape de l'optimisation des stratégies de traitement et de suivi des PSP en France.
‘Need’ and ‘Desire’ in Shakespeare's Sonnets and Mawlana's Ghazals
Authors: Mortazavi Seyedeh Sahar , Ladani Zahra Jannessari , Pirnajmuddin Hossein 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article aims at a comparative reading of a selection of Shakespeare's sonnets and Mawlana's ghazals from a Levinasian perspective. We will argue how Shakespeare and Mawlana (Rumi) both represent an ethical relationship with the Other in their poems, where the needs and demands of the Other are prioritised. We will also contend that although Shakespeare's sonnets are not exclusively concerned with secular love or eroticism, they are closer to the Levinasian notion of desire or a-satiable desire in which transcendence becomes possible through need. On the other hand, Mawlana's ghazals in which need and erotic feelings are disparaged also warn about satiable desire and need. This is not to suggest that the results of this comparison can be extended to Shakespeare's sonnets and Mawlana's ghazals in general, but that a similar Levinasian reading is occasionally possible and might shed new light on connections between English and Persian lyric poetry.
Single-institution comparative analysis for odontoid resection: posterior transaxis versus anterior transnasal approach
Authors: Doğan İhsan , Bayatli Eyüp , Eray Halit Anil , Erdogan Koral , Terzi Macit , Hasimoglu Savas , Tekneci Ozan , Beton Suha , Eroglu Umit , Ozgural Onur , Kahilogullari Gokmen , Caglar Yusuf Sukru 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
The resection of an upwardly migrated odontoid is most widely performed via an anterior endoscopic endonasal approach after the addition of posterior occipitocervical instrumentation. In patients with craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies like basilar invagination (BI), surgery is usually achieved in two separate stages. However, the authors have recently introduced a novel posterior transaxis approach in which all the therapeutic goals of the surgery can be safely and effectively accomplished in a single-stage procedure. The aim of the current study was to compare the widely used anterior and the recently introduced posterior approaches on the basis of objective clinical results in patients who underwent odontoid resection for BI.

METHODS
Patients with BI who had undergone odontoid resection were retrospectively reviewed in two groups. The first group (n = 7) consisted of patients who underwent anterior odontoidectomy via the standard anterior transnasal route, and the second group (n = 6) included patients in whom the novel transaxis approach was performed. Patient characteristics, neurological conditions, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at admission were evaluated. Operative time, changes in intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, blood loss during surgery, odontoid resection rate, postoperative complications, and mortality were compared between the patient groups.

RESULTS
Data were retrospectively reviewed for 13 patients who underwent odontoid resection, posterior CVJ decompression, and occipitocervical instrumentation at the Ankara University School of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery between 2009 and 2022. In the first group (n = 7), patients who underwent anterior odontoidectomy via the standard endonasal route, two serious complications were observed, pneumocephaly and basilar artery injury. In the second group (n = 6), patients in whom the novel transaxis approach was performed, only one complication was observed, occipital plate malposition.

CONCLUSIONS
This study represents the results of what is to the authors’ knowledge the first comparison of a novel approach with a widely used surgical approach to odontoid resection in patients with BI. The preliminary data support the successful utility of the transaxis approach for odontoid resection that meets all the operative therapeutic demands in a single-stage operation. Considering the diminished surgical risks and operative time, the transaxis approach may be regarded as a primary approach for the treatment of BI.
Reappraisal of intradural findings in Chiari malformation type I
Authors: Shao Belinda , Wojcik Daniel , Ma Kevin L. , Amaral-Nieves Natalie , Poggi Jonathan A. , Leary Owen P. , Klinge Petra M. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
Management of Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) requires the functional restoration of an obstructed cisterna magna. In posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD), various intradural pathologies are suggested to alter CSF flow at the craniocervical junction and require surgical correction. However, reports of the spectrum of intraoperative intradural findings and their nuances are scarce, especially those characterizing rarer findings pertaining to the vascular structures and vascular compression.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of adults and children who underwent first-time PFDD for CM-I (2011–2021), with and without syringomyelia. The surgical reports and intraoperative videos were reviewed, and the frequency and nature of the intradural observations in regard to the tonsils, arachnoid, and vasculature were analyzed along with the clinical findings and surgical outcomes.

RESULTS
All 180 patients (age range 1–72 years; median [interquartile range] 24 (14–38) years; 37% of patients were children < 21 years of age) exhibited multiple intradural findings, with a median of 7 distinct concurrent observations in each patient. Novel findings not previously reported included posterior inferior communicating artery (PICA) branches compressing the neural elements at the cervicomedullary junction (26.7%). Other common findings included arachnoid adhesions (92.8%), thickening (90.6%), webs at the obex (52.2%), tonsillar gliosis (57.2%), tonsillar hypertrophy (18.3%), adhesions obstructing the foramen of Magendie (FoM) (62.2%), PICA obstruction of the FoM (17.2%), and dural scarring (87.8%). Tonsillar gliosis and intertonsillar adhesions obstructing the FoM were more common in children than adults. Tonsillar gliosis and arachnoid webs were more common among syringomyelia patients. After multivariable adjustment, none of the observed findings were independently associated with syringomyelia, preoperative symptoms, or postoperative improvement. The vast majority of patients improved postoperatively. The complication rate was low: 1.2% of patients required revision PFDD at > 3 years postoperatively, 3.6% experienced other operative complications, and 0% had CSF leaks.

CONCLUSIONS
The diversity of intradural findings and observations revealed in this study suggests that obstructive and compressive structural anomalies may be more common than previously reported among CM-I patients, both those patients with and those without syringomyelia and especially those with obstructive and compressive PICA branches. Although the authors cannot conclude that all these findings are necessarily pathological, further study may determine how they contribute to CM-I pathology and symptomatology in the setting of a compromised cisterna magna.
Risk factors for clinical and radiological worsening following Chiari malformation type I surgery in the pediatric population
Authors: Fatima Nida , Swift Dale M. , Montgomery Eric Y , Weprin Bradley E. , Price Angela V. , Whittemore Brett A. , Braga Bruno P. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
Foramen magnum (FM) decompression with or without duraplasty is considered a common treatment strategy for Chiari malformation type I (CM-I). The authors’ objective was to determine a predictive model of risk factors for clinical and radiological worsening after CM-I surgery.

METHODS
A retrospective review of electronic health records was conducted at an academic tertiary care hospital from 2001 to 2019. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the risk factors. The Kaplan-Meier estimate was plotted to delineate outcomes based on FM size. FM was measured as the preoperative distance between the basion and opisthion and dichotomized into < 34 mm and ≥ 34 mm. Syrinx was measured preoperatively and postoperatively in the craniocaudal and anteroposterior directions using a T2-weighted MRI sequence.

RESULTS
A total of 454 patients (231 females [50.9%]) with a median (range) age of 8.0 (0–18) years were included in the study. The median duration of follow-up was 21.0 months (range 3.0–144.0 years). The model suggested that patients with symptoms consisting of occipital/tussive headache (HR 4.05, 95% CI 1.34–12.17, p = 0.01), cranial nerve symptoms (HR 3.46, 95% CI 1.16–10.2, p = 0.02), and brainstem/spinal cord symptoms (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.01–11.49, p = 0.05) had higher risk, whereas those who underwent arachnoid dissection/adhesion lysis had 75% lower likelihood (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.64, p = 0.004) of clinical worsening postoperatively. Similarly, patients with evidence of brainstem/spinal cord symptoms (HR 7.9, 95% CI 2.84–9.50, p = 0.03), scoliosis (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–2.80, p = 0.04), and preoperative syrinx (HR 16.1, 95% CI 1.95–132.7, p = 0.03) had significantly higher likelihood of postoperative worsening of syrinx. Patients with symptoms consisting of occipital/tussive headache (HR 5.44, 95% CI 1.86–15.9, p = 0.002), cranial nerve symptoms (HR 2.80, 95% CI 1.02–7.68, p = 0.04), and nonspecific symptoms (HR 6.70, 95% CI 1.99–22.6, p = 0.002) had significantly higher likelihood, whereas patients with FM ≥ 34 mm and those who underwent arachnoid dissection/adhesion lysis had 73% (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08–0.89, p = 0.03) and 70% (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.12–0.73, p = 0.008) lower likelihood of reoperation, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that patients with FM size ≥ 34 mm had significantly better clinical (p = 0.02) and syrinx (p = 0.03) improvement postoperatively when the tonsils were resected.

CONCLUSIONS
These results showed that preoperative and intraoperative factors may help to provide better clinical decision-making for CM-I surgery. Patients with FM size ≥ 34 mm may have better outcomes when the tonsils are resected.