bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verification of dose distribution by different material properties in intraoral mold irradiation
Authors: Fuse Hiraku , Tomita Fumihiro , Yasue Kenji , Ikoma Hideaki , Miyakawa Shin , Kori Norikazu , Fujisaki Tatsuya , Ishimori Yoshiyuki , Monma Masahiko , Okumura Toshiyuki , Tamaki Yoshio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background:
Brachytherapy is an effective local treatment for early-stage head and neck cancers. Mold irradiation is a method in which the source is placed in the oral cavity in sites where the soft tissue is thin and an irradiation source cannot be implanted. However, dose calculations based on TG-43 may be subject to uncertainty due to the heterogeneity of tissues and materials used for the irradiation of head and neck cancers.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, we investigated the basic physical properties of different materials and densities in the molds, retrospectively analysed patient plans and verified the doses of intraoral mold irradiation using a dose verification system with MC simulations specifically designed for brachytherapy, which was constructed independently.

Results and Discussion:
Dose–volume histograms were obtained with a treatment planning system (TG-43) and MC simulation and revealed a non-negligible difference in coverage of high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) and organ at risk (OAR) between calculations using computed tomography values and those with density changes. The underdose was 10·6%, 3·7% and 5·6% for HR-CTV, gross tumour volume and OAR, respectively, relative to the treatment plan. The calculations based on the differences in the elemental composition and density changes in TG-43, a water-based calculation algorithm, resulted in clinically significant dose differences. The validation method was used only for the cases of complex small source therapy.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study can be applied to more complex cases with steeper density gradients, such as mold irradiation.
PHYTOPLANKTON IN COASTAL WATERS OF DA NANG PROVINCE
Authors: Van Tran Thi Le , Hai Doan Nhu , Luom Phan Tan , Anh Nguyen Thi Mai , Hue Tran Thi Minh , Duyen Huynh Thi Ngoc 
Published: July 2023

Phytoplankton, especially community characteristics, in coastal waters of Da Nang have not been well studied. This present study analyzed data of phytoplankton for diversity and abundance from surveys from 2002 to 2016 at 44 stations in the coastal Da Nang waters. A total of 316 taxa from 9 classes were identified: Dinophyceae (134 taxa), Mediophyceae (77 taxa), Coscinodiscophyceae (44 taxa), Bacillariophyceae (36 taxa), Cyanophyceae (3 taxa), Dictyochophyceae (2 taxa), Bacillariophyta classis incertae sedis (1 taxon), Conjugatophyceae (1 taxon) and Thecofilosea (1 taxon). A list of 36 species of potentially harmful microalgae was recorded in coastal waters of Da Nang. In which, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. often had higher cell densities in some locations during the northeast monsoon. Analyzing diversity indices in different locations showed that there were significance differences of Margalef and Shannon indices, low in estuarine area (CS) and higher in the south of Son Tra peninsula (NST). Meanwhile no strong differences of Pielou and Simpson indices were found among the locations. However, there were strong differences of Margalef, Simpson and Pielou indices, which were found over the three studied years (2004, 2005, and 2006), mainly in NST, the northeast of Son Tra peninsula (DBST) and Da Nang bay (VDN). Analysis of species accumulation curves indicated that only 56–95% of species was found compared to maximal expected species richness in all studied locations. DMS analysis showed that there was year-based similarity among the years (ca. 50% of similarity) of phytoplankton communities. Among the studied years, average phytoplankton cell densities in Da Nang bay and the northeast of Son Tra were higher than those in other years and locations. This present study on species richness, expected species richness and variation in phytoplankton abundance suggested that there is a need of increasing sampling efforts, especially in riverine area and DBST for better understanding of characteristics of phytoplankton communities in coastal Da Nang waters.
THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF POISONOUS MARINE PRODUCTS THAT CAN CAUSE A NUMBER HUMAN DEATHS IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF SOUTHERN CENTRAL VIETNAM
Authors: Phung Nguyen Huu , Hoa Tran Thi Hong , Van Tran Thi Le , Ho Dao Tan , Du Pham Thi , Nguyen Cao Van 
Published: July 2023

The study was carried out during the period from June, 2003 to October, 2004 in the coastal waters of southern central Vietnam (from Da Nang city to Vung Tau city). There were 39 species of poisonous marine products that can causes a number human deaths. They belonging to three Phyla: Mollusca: 3 species: (Cephalopoda: I species: Greater blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochaena lunulata Q. & G., 1832); Gastropoda: 2 species: Geographus conus snail (Conus geograpus L., 1758) and Textile conus snail (onus textile L., 1758), Arthropoda: 4 species: (Crustacea: 3 species: Devil crabs (Zosimus aeneus L., 1958); Floridus crabs (Atergastis floridus L., 1758); (Platrpodia granulosa Ruppell, 1830); Merostomata: 1 horseshoe crabs (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Latreille, 1826) and Vertebrata 32 species: Snapper: 1 species: Two-spot red snapper (Lutjanus bohar Forskal, 1775); Goby: 1 species: Shadow goby (Yongeichthys ne bulosus Forskal, 1775), mainly 21 species puffer of family Tetraodontidae. The Reptilia are 9 species sea snake of subfamily Hydrophinae.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPOTTED SCAT SCATOPHAGUS ARGUS (LINNAEUS) IN BINH DAI DISTRICT, BEN TRE PROVINCE
Authors: Linh Vo Dinh , Mao Nguyen Dinh 
Published: July 2023

Within the period of July, 2005 to June, 2006, a total of 373 spotted scats were obtained. Total length in mm, body weight and gonad weight in grams were studied. The total length at maximum size was 281 mm (♀). The length - weight relationship was determined following for female W♀ = 10-1L-2.8384, for male W♂ = 10-1L2.8384. Food compositions of spotted scat were mainly Scatophagus, Phytoplankton and some Zooplankton. Spawning occurred year-round with peak activity from August to October. Size at maturity was 100 mm (Lt) for female.
Implementation of IAS 41 (Agriculture): The case of a Peruvian SME
Authors: Tanaka Nakasone Gustavo , Castillo Cielo 
Published: July 2023

The primary purpose of this paper is to present an actual case of a Peruvian SME which applied IFRS accounting standards – specifically, IAS 41 for consumable biological assets – to reflect its financial situation more accurately as an alternative to legal and tax regulations applying historical cost, which Peruvian SMEs more commonly use for the preparation of financial statements. Primary data were gathered through interviews and observation at the SME studied. This forestry-industry SME in question tried unsuccessfully to get financing from banks, even presenting complementary information regarding the calculation of biological asset values according to IAS 41. Failing this, it turned to seeking funding from private long-term investors, eventually succeding in obtaining long-term financing from a new strategic investor. The significance of this paper is that it presents evidence of the advantages for companies (specifically agriculture-related companies) that comply with IFRS in a country where historical cost-based tax rules are traditionally applied for accounting purposes. Other SMEs can similarly improve the likelihood of obtaining new capital from potential investors by complementing the information provided in financial statements with detailed data regarding fair value calculation of biological assets.
Clinical and Etiological Profile of Hospitalized Children with Pleural Effusion: A single Center Experience Between 2012-2022
Authors: BOZAN Gürkan , KIRAL Eylem , KIZIL Mahmut Can , KARA Yalçın , ARDA Mehmet Surhan , ILHAN, TURKEY Huseyin , ÖZTUNALI Çiğdem , US Tercan , KILIÇ Ömer , DİNLEYİCİ Ener Çağrı 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Pleural effusion is a complication of bacterial pneumonia that is of particular importance because of its significant morbidity and mortality in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and etiological profile of pleural effusion in children.
Materials-Methods: Medical records of children with pleural effusion who were followed up at Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine between January 2012 and December 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical and etiological features, laboratory and radiological results, and treatment regimens of were noted.
Results: Medical records of 59 children (55.9% girls) aged between 7 to 216 months (median 100 months) have been noted. The etiology of pleural effusion was parapneumonic effusion in 37 children (62.7%), tuberculous pleurisy in eight children (13.5%). The most common bacterial pathogens were Streptococcus pyogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. In the post-pandemic period, while cases of tuberculous pleurisy are decreasing, there is an increase in pleural effusions due to Streptococcus pyogenes. Medical treatment alone was given in 39% of cases, tube thoracostomy in 55%, thoracotomy and decortication in 18.6%. A 45.8% of children required pediatric intensive care unit stay. The median hospital stay was 12 days.
Conclusion: Parapneumonic effusions due to bacterial agents are the most common cause of pediatric pleural effusions. After the COVID-19 pandemic, while cases of tuberculosis pleurisy are decreasing, there is an increase in Streptococcus pyogenes-induced pleural effusion/empyema.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) BERBANTU MEDIA KARTU MISTERI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V TEMA V EKOSISTEM DI SDN 02 KALIAMAN
Authors: Safitri Sheila Nur , Reffiane Fine , Azizah Mira 
Published: July 2023

Latar belakang yang mendorong penelitian ini adalah kurangnya penggunaan model pembelajaran dan media pembelajaran yang mengakibatkan peserta didik kurang aktif dan kurang memperhatikan penjelasan guru sehingga pembelajaran kurang menarik dan membosankan. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) Bagimanakah pengaruh model pembelajaran NHT berbantu media kartu misteri terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas V di SDN 02 Kaliaman?. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh model pembelajaran NHT berbantu media kartu misteri terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas V SDN 02 Kaliaman. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian ekseprimen. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pre-experimental design dengan model one group pre-test post-test design yang digunakan dalam satu kelompok subjek. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 28 peserta didik kleas V SDN 02 Kaliaman . Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui tes, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian setelah mendapat perlakuan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik dilihat dari hasil pretest dan postest. Nilai rata-rata pretest yaitu 50,5, dan postest sebesar 93,5. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan diperoleh t hitung sebesar 15,27872 dan untuk mengetahui t tabel dengan nilai signifikan 5% didapatkan sebesar 1,701. Jadi nilai t hitung > t tabel yang artinya di tolak dan di terima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model NHT berbantu media kartu misteri berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar kelas V tema 5 SDN 02 Kaliaman.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini saran yang dapat disampaikan adalah supaya model pembelajaran Numered Head Together berbantu media kartu misteri dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif guru dalam mengajar.
Geospatial analysis in the United States reveals the changing roles of temperature on COVID-19 transmission
Authors: Xiong Ruiwen , Li Xiaolong 
Published: July 2023

Environmental factors are known to affect outbreak patterns of infectious disease, but their impacts on the spread of COVID-19 along with the evolution of this relationship over time intervals and in different regions are unclear. This study utilized 3 years of data on COVID-19 cases in the continental United States from 2020 to 2022 and the corresponding weather data. We used regression analysis to investigate weather impacts on COVID-19 spread in the mainland United States and estimate the changes of these impacts over space and time. Temperature exhibited a significant and moderately strong negative correlation for most of the US while relative humidity and precipitation experienced mixed relationships. By regressing temperature factors with the spreading rate of waves, we found temperature change can explain over 20% of the spatial-temporal variation in the COVID-19 spreading, with a significant and negative response between temperature change and spreading rate. The pandemic in the continental United States during 2020-2022 was characterized by seven waves, with different transmission rates and wave peaks concentrated in seven time periods. When repeating the analysis for waves in the seven periods and nine climate zones, we found temperature impacts evolve over time and space, possibly due to virus mutation, changes in population susceptibility, social behavior, and control measures. Temperature impacts became weaker in 6 of 9 climate zones from the beginning of the epidemic to the end of 2022, suggesting that COVID-19 has increasingly adapted to wider weather conditions.
Identifikasi Kandungan Logam Berat Pb Dan Cu Pada Sedimen Daerah Muara Sungai Amamapare Timika Papua
Authors: Patiung Obed , Fikran  
Published: July 2023

Adanya limbah dari aktivitas penambangan yang dilakukan oleh sebuah perusahaan sehingga memungkinkan dapat mencemari sungai, baik limbah organik maupun anorganik. Pencemaran sungai oleh komponen anorganik, diantaranya berbagai macam pencemaran logam berat yang berbahaya bagi biota yang terdapat didalamnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui unsur logam berat pada sedimen muara sungai Amamapare dan kandungan logam berat terutama Timbal (Pb) dan Tembaga (Cu) menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS).Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari-Mei. Pengambilan Sampel dilakukan di muara sungai Amamapare dan Pengujian Sampel sedimen dilakukan Laboratorium PT. Sucofindo Cabang Timika dengan Menggunakan metode geochemical analysis method, terdapat beberapa unsur logam berat yang terdiri atas Pb, Cu. Sedangkan persentase nilai tertinggi kandungan logam berat Timbal (Pb) yaitu pada ST 5 ; 69 mg/kg, ST 10 ; 64 mg/kg, ST 8 ; 63 mg/kg dan nilai terendah pada ST 2 ; 60 mg/kg dan untuk Cu pada ST 10 ; 923 mg/kg, ST 5 ; 870 mg/kg, ST 8 ; 835 mg/kg dan Tembaga (Cu) terendah pada ST 2 ; 814 mg/kg. Parameter acuan yang digunakan untuk menguji Pb dan Cu menggunakan AAS yaitu SNI 06-6992.3-2004 dan SNI 06-6992.7-2004. Parameter Standar Baku Mutu yang ditetapkan adalah Environment Protection Authority of Australia (EPAA,2012). International Association of Draging Companies/Central Draging Association (IADC/CEDA 1997) , SNI 2004 dan Reseau National d’Observation (RNO 1981)
Pengaruh Luasan Sudu Terhadap Kinerja Kincir Air
Authors: Ohoirenan Wahab , Dumatubun Herman , Rettob Alexander Emanuel 
Published: July 2023

Indonesia masih sepenuhnya bergantung pada bahan bakar fosil seperti minyak bumi, batubara dan gas. Bahan bakar fosil di Indonesia digunakan oleh 95 persen penduduk maupun pelaku industri, dengan konsumsi energi meningkat tujuh persen setiap tahunnya. Padahal bahan bakar fosil ini ikut ‘berkontribusi’ terhadap total emisi energi CO2, yang hingga 2008 tercatat mencapai 351 juta ton. Salah satu solusinya adalah menemukan energi alternatif salah satunya adalah Kincir air.
Kincir air yang diteliti dengan tiga variasi luasan sudu (0.048, 0,054 dan, 0.06) yang telah dilakukan, menghasilkan daya kincir () dan efisiensi (ŋ) adalah luasan sudu 0.054 pada putaran 136 rpm menghasilkan daya (P) sebesar 14,52 watt dan menghasilkan efisiensi (ŋ) sebesar 16,59 %. Sehingga diperoleh rekomendasi bahwa luasan sudu juga mempengaruhi kinerja dari pada kincir air.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROBLEM-POSING LEARNING METHOD TO INCREASE STUDENT’S ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN MATHEMATICS
Authors: Etik Rohmatika Etik Rohmatika 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This study aims to analyse the impact of the implementation of Problem-Posing Learning method to the student’s active participation and study results in Mathematics subject.
Research Methodology: This study uses Classroom Action Research and Paired t-test by using the pre-test and post-test score.
Results: The application of problem-posing learning method can increase students’ active participation and grade in Mathematics subject.
Limitations: This study analyses the impact of Problem-Posing Learning method in Mathematics subject.
Contribution: The results contribute to the education field in terms of effective learning model to increase students’ active participation and study results.
A (Re) Construção dos Vínculos em uma Família Reconstituída e com Adoção Tardia
Authors: Gomes Elenice Alves , Silva Thais Angélica Garcia 
Published: July 2023

O artigo parte de muitos questionamentos sobre a família contemporânea e suas transformações, sobretudo no que se refere aos vínculos, como se constroem, se constituem e como podem ser fortalecidos. É sobre uma pesquisa qualitativa fundamentada teórica e metodologicamente na teoria sistêmica de um caso clínico de uma família composta por quatro membros, encaminhada por um Serviço do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto/SP a um instituto formador de terapeutas familiares sistêmicos na mesma cidade. O objetivo foi compreender a dificuldade em construir novos vínculos num determinado tipo de família, que denominaremos de Borges e auxiliá-la no fortalecimento dos seus relacionamentos. A família inicialmente composta por um par conjugal heterossexual adotou tardiamente um casal de irmãos com quatro e três anos; posteriormente, a mãe adotiva adoeceu e morreu e o pai adotivo reconstituiu essa família com um novo casamento, quando as crianças já estavam transitando da puberdade para a adolescência.
Esophageal Candida Infection and Esophageal Cancer Risk in Patients With Achalasia
Authors: Guo Xiaopei , Lam Suk Yee , Janmaat Vincent T. , de Jonge Pieter Jan F. , Hansen Bettina E. , Leeuwenburgh Ivonne , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Spaander Manon C. W. , Fuhler Gwenny M. 
Published: January 2025

ImportancePatients with achalasia face a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer (EC), but the surveillance strategies for these patients remain controversial due to the long disease duration and the lack of identified risk factors.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of esophageal Candida infection among patients with achalasia and to assess the association of Candida infection with EC risk within this population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included patients with achalasia diagnosed at or referred for treatment and monitoring to the Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, between January 1, 1980, and May 31, 2024. Data analysis was conducted from August 1 to October 31, 2024.ExposureEsophageal Candida infection.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the prevalence of esophageal Candida infection and its association with EC development among patients with achalasia. Associations were estimated using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression models with esophageal Candida infection as a time-varying covariate, adjusting for age at diagnosis and sex.ResultsThis study included 234 patients with achalasia (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 45 [32-63] years; 117 [50%] male), with a median follow-up time of 13 (4-22) years. Esophageal Candida infection was identified in 29 patients (12%), while EC was observed in 24 patients (10%). Esophageal cancer risk analysis was performed for 207 patients with 2 or more consecutive endoscopy follow-up visits (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 43 [32-60] years; 104 [50%] male). The median (IQR) follow-up time for this subgroup was 16 (9-26) years. Among these patients, esophageal Candida infection was independently associated with an increased risk of EC (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 8.24 [95% CI, 2.97-22.89]). Additionally, age at diagnosis (AHR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.03-1.10]) and male sex (AHR, 3.34 [95% CI, 1.08-10.36]) were independently associated with EC risk.Conclusions and RelevanceThis retrospective cohort study found that prior esophageal Candida infection, older age at diagnosis, and male sex were associated with increased risk of EC among patients with achalasia. These findings provide an important rationale for optimizing the monitoring of patients with achalasia.
Introduction
Authors: Harrington Amanda T. , Yarbrough Melanie L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aerobic bacteriology encompasses procedures used for the culture of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria that are routinely recovered from human clinical specimens as well as specialized procedures for more fastidious organisms. This chapter reflects common associations between selected organisms at a particular site of infection. Each procedure provides information on isolation and recognition of these bacteria as well as their clinical relevance. The chapter concludes with procedures for rapid and streamlined identification of many common and important aerobic bacteria. While the tables and flowcharts in these procedures are designed to identify clinically important microorganisms using minimal phenotypic testing, in many cases, additional testing is needed for a specific species‐level identification. With the application of newer technologies such as total laboratory automation and artificial intelligence processes procedures for recovery and identification of aerobic bacteria within the clinical microbiology laboratory will continue to evolve.
Staining Procedures
Authors: Dallas Steven D. , Harrington Amanda T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This chapter presents two primary applications of the Gram stain in clinical microbiology. The first and most immediately impactful application is to detect and differentiate microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, fungi, and even some parasites directly from specimens. The second application is to confirm and describe bacterial growth from solid or liquid culture media as the first step in bacterial identification flowcharts. Bacteria stain is either Gram positive or Gram negative on the basis of differences in cell wall composition and architecture. The acridine orange fluorescent stain is an adjunct to or confirmatory test for the Gram stain, of use especially when direct specimen Gram stain results are inconclusive. The detection of leukocytes, predominantly neutrophils, in methylene blue‐stained fecal specimens assists in the diagnosis of infectious diarrhea. Dark‐field microscopy is used to demonstrate the presence of motile spirochetes of
Treponema pallidum
in lesions or aspirates in early‐stage syphilis prior to healing of lesions.
Ocular Cultures
Authors: Burd Eileen M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ocular infections can lead to serious morbidity and blindness. Superficial eye infections are commonly treated empirically; however, effective management of unresponsive, recurrent, or severe superficial infections and of inner‐eye infections requires identification of the specific etiology. Culture of clinical samples remains the gold standard for definitive etiologic diagnosis. The amount of specimen collected from the eye is very small, and it is common for ophthalmologists to inoculate culture media in the patient care area rather than transport the specimen to the laboratory for processing. Nucleic acid amplification tests have been successfully used for ocular specimens and are preferred for detection of viruses and organisms that are difficult to culture, such as Chlamydia, Toxoplasma gondii, Acanthamoeba, etc. Ophthalmologists are trained on the proper collection of specimens, but it is also the responsibility of the laboratory director or designee to provide physicians and caregivers with proper specimen collection instructions.