bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcellular localization requirements and specificities for plant immune receptor Toll‐interleukin‐1 receptor signaling
Authors: Bernoux Maud , Chen Jian , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Newell Kim , Hu Jian , Deslandes Laurent , Dodds Peter 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYRecent work shed light on how plant intracellular immune receptors of the nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) family are activated upon pathogen effector recognition to trigger immune responses. Activation of Toll‐interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR) domain‐containing NLRs (TNLs) induces receptor oligomerization and close proximity of the TIR domain, which is required for TIR enzymatic activity. TIR‐catalyzed small signaling molecules bind to EDS1 family heterodimers and subsequently activate downstream helper NLRs, which function as Ca2+ permeable channel to activate immune responses eventually leading to cell death. Subcellular localization requirements of TNLs and signaling partners are not well understood, although they are required to understand fully the mechanisms underlying NLR early signaling. TNLs show diverse subcellular localization while EDS1 shows nucleocytosolic localization. Here, we studied the impact of TIR and EDS1 mislocalization on the signaling activation of different TNLs. In Nicotiana benthamiana, our results suggest that close proximity of TIR domains isolated from flax L6 and Arabidopsis RPS4 and SNC1 TNLs drives signaling activation from different cell compartments. Nevertheless, both Golgi‐membrane anchored L6 and nucleocytosolic RPS4 have the same requirements for EDS1 subcellular localization in Arabidopsis thaliana. By using mislocalized variants of EDS1, we found that autoimmune L6 and RPS4 TIR domain can induce seedling cell death when EDS1 is present in the cytosol. However, when EDS1 is restricted to the nucleus, both induce a stunting phenotype but no cell death. Our data point out the importance of thoroughly investigating the dynamics of TNLs and signaling partners subcellular localization to understand TNL signaling fully.
Application of blood flow restriction in hypoxic environment augments muscle deoxygenation without compromising repeated sprint exercise performance
Authors: Wang Anjie , Brothers R. Matthew , Hurr Chansol 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRepeated sprint exercise (RSE) is a popular training modality for a wide variety of athletic activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the combined effects of systemic hypoxia and blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle deoxygenation and RSE performance. Twelve healthy young men performed a standard RSE training modality (five sets of 10 s maximal sprint with a 60 s rest) under four different conditions: (1) normoxic control (NC), normoxia (N, 20.9%) + control BFR (C, 0 mmHg); (2) normoxic BFR (NB), normoxia (N, 20.9%) + BFR (B, 140 mmHg); (3) hypoxic control (HC), hypoxia (H, 13.7%) + control BFR (C, 0 mmHg); and (4) hypoxic BFR (HB): hypoxia (H, 13.7%) + BFR (B, 140 mmHg). BFR was only administered during the rest period of the respective RSE trials. In the local exercising muscles, muscle oxygen saturation () and neuromuscular activity were measured using near‐infrared spectroscopy and surface electromyography, respectively. SmO2was lower in systemic hypoxia conditions relative to normoxia conditions (P < 0.05). A rther decrease in SmO2was observed in HB relative to HC (Set 1: HC 70.0 ± 17.5 vs. HB 57.4 ± 11.3%,P = 0.001; Set 4: HC 67.5 ± 14.6 vs. HB 57.0 ± 12.0%,P = 0.013; Set 5: HC 61.0 ± 15.3 vs. HB 47.7 ± 11.9%,P < 0.001). No differences in RSE performance were observed between any of the conditions (P > 0.05). Interestingly, an elevated neuromuscular activity was seen in response to the BFR, particularly during conditions of systemic hypoxia (P < 0.05). Thus, RSE with BFR administered during rest periods under systemic hypoxia led to severe local hypoxia without compromising training workload.
Almost-Optimal Deterministic Treasure Hunt in Unweighted Graphs
Authors: Bouchard Sébastien , Dieudonné Yoann , Labourel Arnaud , Pelc Andrzej 
Published: March 2023

A mobile agent navigating along edges of a simple connected unweighted graph, either finite or countably infinite, has to find an inert target (treasure) hidden in one of the nodes. This task is known as treasure hunt. The agent has no
a priori
knowledge of the graph, of the location of the treasure, or of the initial distance to it. The cost of a treasure hunt algorithm is the worst-case number of edge traversals performed by the agent until finding the treasure. Awerbuch et al. [
3
] considered graph exploration and treasure hunt for finite graphs in a restricted model where the agent has a fuel tank that can be replenished only at the starting node
s
. The size of the tank is
B = 2 (1+α) r
, for some positive real constant α, where
r
, called the radius of the graph, is the maximum distance from
s
to any other node. The tank of size
B
allows the agent to make at most ⌊ B ⌋ edge traversals between two consecutive visits at node
s
.

Let
e(d)
be the number of edges whose at least one endpoint is at distance less than
d
from
s
. Awerbuch et al. [
3
] conjectured that it is impossible to find a treasure hidden in a node at distance at most
d
at cost nearly linear in
e(d)
. We first design a deterministic treasure hunt algorithm working in the model without any restrictions on the moves of the agent at cost
𝒪(e(d)
log
d
) and then show how to modify this algorithm to work in the model from Awerbuch et al. [
3
] with the same complexity. Thus, we refute the preceding 20-year-old conjecture. We observe that no treasure hunt algorithm can beat cost Θ (
e(d)
) for all graphs, and thus our algorithms are also almost optimal.
Proportionate Atomism: Solving the Problem of Isomorphic Variants in Plato’s Timaeus
Authors: Schroeder Lea Aurelia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The principles governing elemental composition, variation, and change in Plato’s Timaeus appear to be incompatible, which has led commentators to prioritize some of the principles to the exclusion of others. Call this seeming incompatibility the problem of isomorphic variants. In this paper, I develop the theory of proportionate atomism as a solution to this problem. Proportionate atomism retains the advantages of rival interpretations but allows the principles of material composition, variation, and change to combine into an internally coherent and explanatorily powerful atomic physics.
The Effectiveness of the “Top-Down, Bottom-Up” Approach for Understanding the Implementation of Regional Autonomy in Batu City Tourism Development
Authors: Wijayanto Purbayakti Kusum , Hakim Luqman , Zauhar Soesilo , Said Abdullah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Community involvement in determining the direction of autonomous region development is still rare. Regional autonomy, conceptualized as the local government’s freedom to take care of domestic affairs, is the best way to implement a decentralized governmental approach. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing regional autonomy in the development of Batu City tourism using a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The research locations are Batu City and Batu City’s local government office. Batu City was chosen because it has a history of tourism development in a relatively short period of time. The study found that the state still manages Batu City’s tourism development policy and development, so the tourism has not referred to the local tourism development master plan. The study aims to know the effectiveness of participatory policy approaches in developing Batu City tourism as an autonomous region.
Financial Inclusion Expectation Gap
Authors: Ozili Peterson K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The objective of this article is to define the financial inclusion expectation gap, offer some insight into the nature and the causes of it, and suggest ways to reduce the gap. The discussion in the article provides helpful insights into this problem towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. It is hoped that such an attempt can provide insights to understand the expectation gap in financial inclusion.
The [Transplanted] Thinking Heart
Authors: Schuback Marcia Sá Cavalcante 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article discusses the relation between philosophy and heart from the viewpoint of a transplanted heart. It is a reflection on Jean-Luc Nancy’s thoughts on the heart as intruder in the thought of the world. Departing from the personal experience of a heart transplant, Nancy develops a deconstruction of the idea and experience of the self, showing that the need of another heart in the body of philosophy and in the body of the world has to do with the urgence of experiencing the self as soi-autre, as selfother, which is perhaps nothing but rhythm. Reading passages of his last book Cruor, the article aims to think together the rhythm of a transplanted heart, and of the heart of selfother.
Nancy’s Thinking of the Event
Authors: Raffoul François 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Jen-Luc Nancy’s thinking of the event stems from his understanding of being as based on no principle, ground or essence. Nothing preexists the event of being, no principle, arche or prior substance. With such a statement, a thinking of the event emerges: not preceded by any principle or ground, being is nothing but the event of itself. In turn, the event is no longer anchored in a principle that itself would not be happening. Thus, preceded by nothing and grounded in no essence, the event of being can only come as a surprise. The event is always the bringing forth of the unprecedented: the event always comes as a surprise. I first show how Nancy thinks the event from the very motif of the surprise, indeed claiming that an event is surprising or it is not an event. In a second part, I explore Nancy’s thinking of the event of the world, understood as creation ex nihilo. Ultimately, I show that Nancy understands the eventfulness of the event in terms of the essencelessness of existence.
Compearance
Authors: Calabrò Daniela 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The analyses at the core of this essay focus attention on the concepts of “Compearance” and “Exposition” in Jean-Luc Nancy’s philosophical reflection. Starting from the analyses carried out by Sartre, Lévinas and Derrida, this paper aims to define and highlight one of the fundamental concepts in Nancy’s philosophical work, which is touching. A “corpus of touch” that is a syncopated corpus, interrupted and mixed with other bodies; here the whole sense of compearance and exposition is at stake.
Questioning the “We” in Times of Global Threats with Butler and Levinas
Authors: Angelino Lucia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Today, the “we” has not lost its place in contemporary debates. On the contrary, it has become a crucial question in the political and philosophical debates relating to global-scale disasters and traumatic events, which expose all of humanity to the same risks and same threats. In a dramatic and paradigmatic way, these events invite us to “mourn” the fantasy of self-sufficiency of the I and remind us to which extent our lives are immediately linked to those of others. At the same time, however, these events, which yields the potential to reveal a relationality constitutive of “who we are,” also suggest the need to reframe our understanding of the “we,” and to overcome the us/them divide upon which it has been construed until now. In this essay, I take up this challenge by first engaging in a critical discussion of Judith Butler’s ethics of vulnerability, and then turning to the ethical philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas.
Compensation in Cases of Mass Atrocities at the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court
Authors: Pérez-León-Acevedo Juan-Pablo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Within their different mandates, the ICJ and the ICC have decided on compensation for mass atrocities, including the same factual scenarios and related dual state/individual responsibility. However, no publication has examined these developments jointly and comparatively. Thus, this article seeks to determine how both courts are and should be developing compensation jurisprudence on mass atrocity cases. This article suggests that these two courts should construe a coherent, principle-based, and human rights-oriented international law of compensation for mass atrocities. Despite the differences in the compensation law and practice of the ICJ and the ICC, there are common elements such as the violation of an international obligation (wrongful act/international crime), damages, and the causal link between them. There are also some similarities concerning compensation goals, proof matters, and damage valuation. Both courts can and should conduct an adapted use of each other’s jurisprudence, considering their different mandates rather than doing so mechanically.
The “Externalities” of Joint Interpretations in Investment Arbitration: Learning from the Past
Authors: Yu Chen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The joint interpretation mechanism is gaining increasing attention in the recent practice and study of international investment law. In the past, the NAFTA Free Trade Commission exercised this interpretative authority by issuing the controversial Notes of Interpretation which limit the scope of fair and equitable treatment (FET) to customary international law. While much has been debated about the legitimacy of the Notes in the context of NAFTA arbitration, this article examines its influence on tribunals not bound by it (i.e. non-NAFTA tribunals). An extensive review of cases shows that non-NAFTA tribunals are generally cautious about directly applying the Notes to their own interpretation, while some followed NAFTA precedents shaped by the Notes. Considering the possible proliferation of the joint interpretation mechanism in the future, this article further examines the role of third states’ joint interpretations in treaty interpretation through the lens of Articles 31 and 32 of the VCLT.
Narrating Crisis through the Loyalist Witness
Authors: Abboud Samer 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Scholarly interest in Syrian wartime witnessing has overwhelmingly focused on how cultural production bears witness to state violence. In this article, I shift attention to a form of loyalist wartime witnessing by asking how the films of Syrian director Joud Said construct war stories giving meaning to regime narratives of a ‘crisis’. Drawing on two of his films, Maṭar Homs and Darb al-Sama, I argue that Said’s works narrate crisis through the loyalist witness, a subject victim shifting attention towards how armed groups and other Syrian ‘enemies’ perpetrated violence and inflicted trauma on Syrians. In positioning the loyalist witness as the subject through which Syrian trauma is narrated, Said’s films delineate what can and cannot be seen and said about the Syrian conflict. As the subject of his war films, the loyalist witness functions to obscure and render invisible regime violence and responsibility for Syria’s catastrophe.
Unreliable Vaults, Holy Disbelief: Narrative Ethics in Dead Sea Scrolls “News”
Authors: Lande Dana Ryan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
National Geographic’s revelation of forgeries in March 2020 concerning “Dead Sea Scroll-like” fragments purchased by the Museum of the Bible is one of the most recent examples in a long media history of ethical consequences facilitated by the absence of provenance narratives. Throughout the media history of Dead Sea Scroll reports, rhetorical repetition, invocation of ignorance, and narrative deficiency have characterized articles which rely on placeholders for provenance, as well as the underreporting and under-evaluating of information provided by interviewees. Narrative inquiry and ethical analysis allow for an exploration into how the media – here used as a term to describe professional online news sources accessed by both scholars and non-scholars alike – first facilitated absences, then deficiencies in provenance reporting on the Dead Sea Scrolls and the fragments that claim to be them.
Fear Not, for I Am with You Again (Socially Distanced): A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Megachurch Post-covid Lockdown Re-opening Videos on Facebook
Authors: Wold Todd L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Churches in the United States closed their doors to in-person gatherings during the covid-19 lockdown in March of 2020. As conditions improved, churches began re-opening to indoor worship services, instituting safety measures to comply with cdc guidelines. Churches used social media to promote their re-opening to their congregations. With the goal of evaluating the video messages of churches promoting their re-opening, the study analyzes the content of Facebook videos from non-denominational megachurches between June and October 2020. This qualitative thematic analysis explores how the videos address the threat of covid-19, the risk of attending in-person services, and the efficacy of health and safety measures. The inductive analysis was sensitized by the extended parallel processing model, ritual communication theory, and the concept of security theater. The themes identified have potential implications for future religious and health communication research, especially concerning contentious safety protocols, managing fear and anxiety, liability concerns, livestreaming technology, and more digitally transient congregations.
From the Margins to the Centre
Authors: Corboz Elvire , Esposti Emanuelle Degli 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Despite recent scholarly focus on Shiʿa minorities in Britain, there has been little exploration of how Shiʿa (re)define what it means to be a British Muslim more broadly. Here, we shift the focus away from inward-looking manifestations of Shiʿa-specific identity and towards the diverse ways Shiʿa Muslims are actively seeking to promote and enact inclusive ways of being Muslim in Britain. Profiling three Shiʿa-led grassroots organisations – Who is Hussain, Love Muhammad and The Muslim Vibe – we explore how the younger generations of British Shiʿa are invested in creating and sustaining a sense of inclusive British Islam which, by drawing on what we call an ‘Islamically-conscious’ ethics, seeks to engage Sunni Muslims and wider society in contemporary Britain.
‘As a Sunni, I Naturally Cannot Understand Anything Like Temporary Marriage’
Authors: Pauha Teemu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Identity construction involves drawing a rhetorical boundary between one’s own group and others. Using data gathered from a Finnish online forum for Muslims, I study how the practice of temporary (mutʿa) marriage is used to mark a boundary between Sunni and Shiʿa Muslims. Here, I examine the rhetorical devices used by Sunni and Shiʿa Muslims, combining the principle of meta-contrast with the concept of boundary-markers to propose a general model of intergroup boundary dynamics.
Little Amal: a Symbolic Puppet, The Problematisation of Immigration and the Rhetoric of Islamophobia
Authors: Allen Chris 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Walk featured a 3.5m tall puppet named Little Amal walking across Europe to raise awareness of the plight of refugees and displaced children. While warmly welcomed in more than 60 villages, towns and cities, this article centres on the handful of locations where instead of celebration Little Amal was met with hostility. In doing so, this article begins with a detailed overview of the rationale behind The Walk and Little Amal. From here, it continues by reflecting on the hostility expressed towards Little Amal in three geographical locations: Greece, France and the UK. Investigating and unpacking both the perceived and actual contributing factors – the social, political and so on – this article goes on to draw on existing scholarly literatures to frame and contextualise the hostility encountered. In conclusion, this article posits that the hostility directed towards Little Amal was neither without precedent nor should it have been unexpected.
Observing the Sunni-Shiʿa Divide in Fieldwork
Authors: Petersen Jesper 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Based on an ethnographic study of non-conformist mosques, this article demonstrates how Muslims may adopt a Sunni or Shiʿa identity while navigating spaces that are institutionalised as such but give much less importance to this identity – if any – when occupying less structured spaces. It may, for example, have little influence on what religious literature they read, which preachers they follow on social media, and how they practise religion in everyday life. The article argues that research methodologies must be properly sensitised to this. Otherwise, they risk making the Sunni–Shiʿa identity hypervisible, thus producing the divide rather than investigating it.
World Trade Organization Rules Before Investment Tribunals: Facilitating Cross-Fertilisation While Appreciating Particularities
Authors: Baetens Freya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The private organisation of production through global value chains has tightened the material connection between international trade and foreign investment while being simultaneously politicised by certain actors. This paper seeks to explore how the rules generated, interpreted, and applied in the World Trade Organization (WTO) have been received by arbitral tribunals deciding investment disputes. Three avenues make this reception possible: first, provisions in investment agreements rendering WTO law directly applicable to investment disputes; second, principles of interpretation allowing recourse to WTO rules as a tool for the interpretation of investment law; third, the authoritative value of WTO case law on points of general international law concerning the settlement of international (investment) disputes. These three avenues allow investment tribunals to build on the law and practice of the WTO with a view to facilitating the cross-fertilisation between the two fields, while appreciating the substantive, procedural and institutional particularities of investment law.
Rules of the Organization: Article 5 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the Relevance of European Union Law in Investment Arbitration
Authors: Gött Henner 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As per several judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), intra- EU investment arbitration is incompatible with the EU treaties. Therefore, and due to the primacy of the EU treaties over other international agreements concluded by the EU or its Member States, provisions in investment treaties conferring jurisdiction on investment tribunals are inapplicable in intra-EU cases. Nonetheless, investment tribunals continue to exercise jurisdiction in these cases, relying on an alleged dichotomy between EU law and international law, as well as on the general law of treaties as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). This paper counters tribunals’ arguments by introducing Article 5 VCLT, a norm collectively overlooked by investment tribunals. It shows how Article 5 VCLT translates relevant norms of EU law into an international legal concept – the ‘rules of the organization’ – and endows them with precedence over pertinent other VCLT provisions. In consequence, the position of investment tribunals is untenable not only under EU law, but also under international law.