bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in olfactory function among bipolar disorder patients with different episodes and subtypes
Authors: Li Chunyang , Hong Liu , Zou Laiquan , Zhu Yiping , Ye Jianfu , Wu Fenlan , Chen Chao 
Published: March 2023

PurposeMost studies on olfactory function in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have not distinguished between the different subtypes or between the acute phase (mania or depression) and euthymic state. In this study, we compared olfactory function among BD patients with different subtypes and episodes to explore the potential use of olfactory function as a biomarker for the early identification of BD.Patients and methodsThe study sample consisted of 117 BD patients who were hospitalized between April 2019 and June 2019, and 47 healthy volunteers as controls. The BD patients were divided into a bipolar I disorder (BD I) (n = 86) and bipolar II disorder (BD II) group (n = 31) according to the different subtypes, and divided into depressive BD (n = 36), manic BD (n = 44), or euthymic BD (n = 37) groups according to the types of episodes they experienced. We assessed olfactory sensitivity (OS) and olfactory identification (OI) via the Sniffin’ Sticks test and used the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Young Manic Rating Scale (YMRS) to evaluate BD characteristics among all subjects.ResultsCompared with controls, the participants with BD showed decreased OS and OI. We found statistically significant differences in OS and OI between the BD I group and controls, as well as differences in OS between the BD I and BD II group. Least-significant difference multiple comparisons revealed statistically significant differences in OS between the depressive BD group, manic BD group and controls and also between the manic BD and euthymic BD group. OI was positively correlated with the YMRS score in the BD I group and OS was negatively correlated with the HAMD score in the BD II group.ConclusionThis may be the first study to compare olfactory function in patients with BD I vs. BD II via pairwise comparisons. Our findings suggest that OS may have potential as a biomarker for distinguishing the different subtypes of BD and as a state-related biomarker for differentiating the acute phase from the euthymic state of BD. However, further prospective research is warranted.
The non-linear correlation between the volume of cerebral white matter lesions and incidence of bipolar disorder: A secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Du Hui , Yang Bing , Wang Hui , Zeng Yaqing , Xin Jianpin , Li Xiaoqiang 
Published: March 2023

Cerebral white matter lesions (WML) are major risk factors for bipolar disorder (BD). However, studies on the association between cerebral WML volume and BD risk are limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cerebral WML volume and BD incidence. This is a secondary retrospective analysis of patients (N = 146, 72 males, 74 females, mean age = 41.77 years) who have previously undergone magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Information was obtained from the Dryad database. Univariate analysis, piecewise linear regression model, and multivariable logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. A non-linear relationship was recognized between the cerebral WML volume and BD incidence, in which the inflection point of the WML volume was 6,200 mm3. The effect sizes and confidence intervals on the left and right sides of the emphasis point were 1.0009 (1.0003, 1.0015) and 0.9988 (0.9974, 1.0003), respectively. Subgroup analysis (WML volume &lt; 6,200 mm3) showed that the cerebral WML volume (for 0.1 mm3increase) was positively related to the BD incidence (OR = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.03, 1.21)). Here we show that the cerebral WML volume is positively and non-linearly correlated to the BD risk. Volumetric analysis of WML provide a better understanding of the association between WML and the BD risk, and thereby the pathophysiological mechanisms of BD.Graphical abstractA non-linear relationship between the volume of cerebral white matter lesions (WML) and bipolar disorder (BD) incidence is shown. The cerebral WML volume is positively and non-linearly correlated to the BD risk. The correlation is stronger when the cerebral WML volume was &lt;6,200 mm3.Graphical AbstractA non-linear relationship between the volume of cerebral white matter lesions and bipolar disorder incidence is shown after adjusting for age; sex; lithium, atypical antipsychotic, antiepileptic, and antidepressant drug use; BMI; migraine; smoking; hypertension; diabetes mellitus; substance and alcohol dependency; and anxiety disorder.
Negative affect and respiratory sinus arrhythmia are differentially related to social anxiety and autism features in autistic preschoolers contrasted to fragile X syndrome
Authors: Wall Carla A. , Roberts Jane E. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous and complex disorder with co-occurring disorders commonplace. This presents tremendous diagnostic challenges given the phenotypic overlap between autism and other diagnoses, including social anxiety, as well as variance in specific genetic disorders like fragile X syndrome (FXS). Biobehavioral measurement approaches integrate behavioral and biological data, and by so doing have the potential to address diagnostic challenges and shed light on the mechanisms underlying social impairments.MethodsThe present study utilized a biobehavioral approach to evaluate how biologically based indices of baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and temperamental negative affect differ and predict autism and anxiety in a sample of 120 preschoolers with non-syndromic autism (nsASD) with co-occurring intellectual impairment, FXS, and neurotypical (NT) development.ResultsResults indicated that children with nsASD display elevated negative affect compared to both FXS and NT controls which did not differ from each other and females exhibited more negative affect relative to males. Interestingly, elevated negative affect predicted social anxiety, but not ASD in FXS. Baseline RSA did not differ across the groups; however, reduced RSA predicted elevated autism severity for the nsASD group but not those with FXS or NT development.DiscussionTaken together, biobehavioral markers differentiated the groups in discrete ways that advance our understanding of autism and promote improved diagnostic clarity using objective measurement.
Micro-nozzle flow and thrust prediction with high-density ratio using DSMC selection limiter
Authors: Frieler T. , Groll R. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:A Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) solver with a modified collisional routine is used to investigate an argon gas flow through a millimeter-scaled thruster nozzle with high-density ratios.Method:The limiter scheme, denoted as the constant selection limiter (CSL), limits the possible number of selected collisional pairs to a constant value in accordance with the present simulation particles in the cell.Results:Results of the CSL scheme are compared with the experimental and numerical results of a compressible Navier–Stokes solver and discussed in comparison with baseline DSMC simulations. The influence of collision limitation by the CSL is discussed on the stagnation pressure of the thruster and on thrust and specific impulse prediction. The application of the limiter scheme makes the prediction of stagnation pressure challenging in some cases.Discussion:In contrast, thrust and specific impulse are predicted well, and their study remains valid. Investigated mass flow rates are 0.178 mg/s ≤m.≤ 71.360 mg/s, and flow Knudsen numbers below Kn = 0.01 and over Kn = 10 are present. Near atmospheric conditions are reached inside the thruster, generating pressure ratios up to 3,741 along the nozzle. The computational performance of the scheme is also discussed, and speed-up factors up to 0.51 are achieved.
Composition and spore abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sweet potato producing areas in Uganda
Authors: Mukhongo Ruth Wilhem , Ebanyat Peter , Masso Cargele , Tumuhairwe John Baptist 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionFarming systems influence composition and abundance of microbial communities.MethodologyA study was conducted using morphotyping and enumeration methods to determine the composition and spore abundance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in sweet potato producing regions in eastern Uganda. Sampling was done from fields with crop types (CTs) including legumes (groundnuts, common beans, cowpea, soybeans, green grams), sorghum, sweet potato, and fallowed fields which were used as a control. Three agro-ecological zones (AEZs) i.e., Mt. Elgon High Farmlands (MEHF), Lake Victoria Crescent (LVC), and Southern and Eastern Lake Kyoga Basin (SELKB) were considered.Results and discussionA total of 6 AMF genera comprising of Glomus, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, Entrophospora, Archaeospora, and Gigaspora were isolated from the study sites. Agro-ecological zones had a significant (p&lt;0.05) effect on Entrophospora spp. while crop types had a significant (p&lt;0.05) effect on Gigaspora spp. although all the AMF genera were present in all AEZs and CTs. Spore abundance was similar across the AEZs except for MEHF (177) which was lower while spore abundance lowest in sweet potato (177) and largest in fallow (224), attributed to soil properties and similar crops included in the crop rotation program. The AMF can be isolated, identified, and multiplied to produce bioinoculants for the regions.
Effect of pecto-intercostal fascial block on extubation time in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Lu , Jiang Luyang , Xin Ling , Jiang Bailin , Chen Yu , Feng Yi 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesEpidural and paravertebral block reduce the extubation time in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia but are relatively contraindicated in heparinized patients due to the potential risk of hematoma. The Pecto-intercostal fascial block (PIFB) is an alternative in such patients.MethodsThis is a single-center randomized controlled trial. Patients scheduled for elective open cardiac surgery were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive PIFB (30 ml 0.3% ropivacaine plus 2.5 mg dexamethasone on each side) or saline (30 ml normal saline on each side) after induction of general anesthesia. The primary outcome was extubation time after surgery. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption during surgery, postoperative pain scores, adverse events related to opioids, and length of stay in the hospital.ResultsA total of 50 patients (mean age: 61.8 years; 34 men) were randomized (25 in each group). The surgeries included sole coronary artery bypass grafting in 38 patients, sole valve surgery in three patients, and both procedures in the remaining nine patients. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in 20 (40%) patients. The time to extubation was 9.4 ± 4.1 h in the PIFB group vs. 12.1 ± 4.6 h in the control group (p = 0.031). Opioid (sufentanil) consumption during surgery was 153.2 ± 48.3 and 199.4 ± 51.7 μg, respectively (p = 0.002). In comparison to the control group, the PIFB group had a lower pain score while coughing (1.45 ± 1.43 vs. 3.00 ± 1.71, p = 0.021) and a similar pain score at rest at 12 h after surgery. The two groups did not differ in the rate of adverse events.ConclusionsPIFB decreased the time to extubation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Trial RegistrationThis trial is registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100052743) on November 4, 2021.
Algorithm for Retrieval of Temperature in Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere from O2 A-Band Night Glow
Authors: Wang Weijia , Luo Haiyan , Li Zhiwei , Xiong Wei 
Published: March 2023

The O2 A-band night glow can be used to retrieve the temperature in the range of 80–120 km in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). From the full spectrum of A-band night glow, the band used to retrieve temperature is selected based on the sensitivity of the emission line on temperature, taking into account the compromise relationship between the spectral band and resolution, inversion efficiency, and inversion accuracy. The non-linear iterative inversion method based on optimization theory is adopted for the retrieval of temperature. Meanwhile, considering the stability of inversion, Tikhonov regularization matrix is added as a constraint, and the optimal estimation inversion algorithm is optimized to suppress the influence of measurement noise on results. Through the recovering simulated noisy spectra from an interferometer, the temperature profile with vertical resolution better than 2 km and an average accuracy better than 2 K is obtained by the optimized inversion method in this paper. In addition, the influence of a priori constraints on the inversion accuracy is studied, and a priori accuracy limits the inversion accuracy. When a priori accuracy is controlled within ±5 K, the average temperature inversion accuracy can be optimized to 1.35 K, which is better than the accuracy of OSIRIS on Odin at 90–105 km.
Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium breve to Enhance Microbial Cell Viability in Green Soybean Yogurt
Authors: Naklong Kanokorn , Therdtatha Phatthanaphong , Sumonsiri Nutsuda , Leksawasdi Noppol , Techapun Charin , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Taesuwan Siraphat , Nunta Rojarej , Khemacheewakul Julaluk 
Published: March 2023

Bifidobacteria, a major bacterial group, have several beneficial impacts on health, such as enhancing the intestinal flora by limiting the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms and stimulating the immune system. As a result, bifidobacteria have been extensively included in various food products. In this study, Bifidobacterium breve TISTR 2130 was microencapsulated using an emulsion technique with sodium alginate and calcium lactate in green soybean milk as wall materials. This study found that microbeads prepared with 2.0% (w/v) sodium alginate and 2.0% (w/v) calcium lactate had the highest microencapsulation efficiency (MEE) of 99.8% ± 0.07%. In addition, the viability of microencapsulated B. breve TISTR 2130 and free cells was evaluated following a simulated gastrointestinal treatment. Microencapsulated B. breve TISTR 2130 showed higher cell viability than free cells under the simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The viability reduction of free cells dropped substantially to zero after 1 h of incubation in simulated gastrointestinal juice (SIJ), while the viable cell count of microencapsulated B. breve TISTR 2130 remained greater than 5 log CFU/mL and the survival rate was greater than 64% at the end of the sequential digestion. During refrigerated storage of green soybean yogurt (GSY) fortified with microencapsulated B. breve, the viability of B. breve TISTR 2130, syneresis, and acidity decreased, while the pH and viscosity increased. Microencapsulated B. breve TISTR 2130 has the potential to be used as a probiotic fortification in GSY since the viability remained above the recommended minimal limit of 6 log CFU/mL for 10 days during refrigerated storage. The present study demonstrated that the optimized microencapsulated B. breve TISTR 2130 sodium alginate matrix could survive the human gastrointestinal tract to provide health benefits and the possibility of incorporation into functional foods.
Effectiveness of Nitrous Oxide versus Pethidine/Midazolam for Pain Relief in Minor Gynecological Operative Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lohtrakul Napas , Wanapirak Chanane , Tongsong Theera 
Published: March 2023

Aim and Objective: To compare the analgesic effectiveness of the patient-controlled inhaled nitrous oxide (Entonox®) with intravenous opioids (pethidine/midazolam) in reducing pain during minor gynecological operative procedures, including manual vacuum aspiration (MVA), fractional curettage and dilatation and curettage. Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing minor gynecological procedures from August 2021 to December 2022 were randomized to receive nitrous oxide or intravenous pethidine (50–75 micrograms) plus midazolam (2 mg). Pain scores during and post-procedure, satisfaction level, and side effects were assessed and compared. Results: A total of 106 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 53 in the pethidine/midazolam group and 53 in the nitrous oxide group. Baseline characteristics were comparable (p-value > 0.05). Pain scores during, immediately and 30 min after procedures were not significantly different in two groups (4.94 ± 3.15, 2.74 ± 2.57, 1.58 ± 2.13 vs. 5.47 ± 2.80, 2.98 ± 2.70, 1.64 ± 2.70; p-value: 0.174, 0.634, 0.889, for pethidine/midazolam vs. nitrous oxide group, respectively. Satisfaction scores were comparable in both groups (p-value > 0.05). However, the rate of side effects was significantly lower in the nitrous oxide group (3.8% vs. 28.3%; p-value 0.001). Additionally, the discharge scores showed a significantly faster recovery time in the nitrous oxide group at 60 and 90 min after the procedure; median (IQR): 10 (9–10) vs. 9 (8–10) and 10 (10–10) vs. 10 (8.5–10); p-value 0.002 and 0.029, respectively). Conclusions: Nitrous oxide is as effective as pethidine/midazolam for pain relief in minor gynecological operative procedures but associated with significantly lower side effects and significantly faster recovery time.
Fear of Zina, Poor Education, and Poverty: Status of Girls in Child-Marriage in Sukabumi West Java
Authors: Candraningrum Dewi , Dhewy Anita , Pratiwi Andi Misbahul 
Published: March 2023

Indonesia is among the ten countries in the world with the highest absolute number of child brides. Indonesia is the second highest in ASEAN after Cambodia. An estimated one of five girls in Indonesia is married before they reached 18. In Indonesia girls which are prone to child marriage are: 1. Girls from rural areas as twice as likely to marry as children as those from urban areas. 2. Child brides are most likely from poor families. 3. Married girls are generally less educated, either lack of opportunity or curtailment of their schooling by early marriage. West Java and West Kalimantan are the two key provinces of origin for trafficking in Indonesia while Riau Islands and Jakarta are main destinations and transit zones. Children are trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation, as domestic workers, child brides, and child labourers, often sent to work in hazardous environments such as on plantations and fishing platforms, while babies are trafficked for illegal adoption and organs. Another concern includes the children of illegal migrants; one study has found that when illegal migrants bring children with them, their children are at risk of abandonment, neglect, and abuse as well as trafficking. During this time, counties and cities in West Java became the biggest of supplier women migrant workers as well as girl-brides for child marriage. They came from several areas, such as Indramayu, Cirebon, Bandung, Sukabumi, and Cianjur. This research focuses at Kabupaten Sukabumi, regency in West Java where MMR and child marriage are at its highest rate presently. Method of collecting data is interviews with girls’ brides and parents as well as FGD with stakeholders at Desa Cikidang. Childmarriage at Desa Cikidang confirmed previous premises that these following causes play major roles: 1) poverty and poor access to education 2) the rise of fundamentalism leading to tabooism of sexuality and fear of zina, and finally 3) poor access to SRHR (sexual and reproductive health and rights).
Grupy ratownictwa specjalistycznego w Państwowej Straży Pożarnej
Authors: Ciekanowski Zbigniew , Podlasiński Rafał , Radkevych Anatoliy 
Published: March 2023

Celem opracowania jest analiza funkcjonowania grup zadaniowych znajdujących się w strukturach Państwowej Straży Pożarnej oraz przedstawienie podstawowych działań specjalistycznych realizowanych w ramach Krajowego Systemu Ratowniczo-Gaśniczy. Natomiast problem badawczy zastał wyrażony w postaci następującego pytania: Jak PSP jest przygotowana do realizacji specjalistycznych działań ratowniczych? W artykule przedstawiono podział na zakres podstawowych i specjalistycznych działań ratowniczych, takich jak ratownictwo techniczne, ratownictwo wysokościowe, ratownictwo chemiczno-ekologiczne, działania poszukiwawczo-ratownicze i ratownictwo wodno-nurkowe. Poddano analizie funkcjonowanie tych grup ratowniczych, które powstały na podstawie potrzeby likwidacji swoistych zagrożeń w ramach odrębnych dziedzin ratownictwa. Na tej podstawie wyciągnięto wnioski.
Urodynamic Techniques in Clinical Practice as the "Gold Standard" for Examining Children with Urinary Disorders (A Lecture)
Authors: Морозов С.Л. , Длин В.В. , Подгорный А.Н. , Млынчик Е.В. 
Published: March 2023

Одной из актуальных проблем педиатрической практики является нарушение мочеиспускания у детей, что обусловлено высокой частотой в детской популяции, кроме того, проблема актуальна не только в связи с ее высокой распространенностью, но и ухудшением качества жизни. Также большое значение для пациентов с нейрогенными расстройствами имеет развитие вторичных осложнений: пузырно-мочеточниковый рефлюкс, вторичный обструктивный пиелонефрит, поражение верхних мочевых путей (мегауретер, гидронефроз, рефлюкс-нефропатия), инфекция мочевой системы (цистит, пиелонефрит), гипертрофия и фиброз мочевого пузыря. Для эффективного лечения и предотвращения осложнений нейрогенного мочевого пузыря важной остается функциональная диагностика расстройств мочеиспускания. В настоящее время одним из современных методов для категоризации нейрогенных расстройств является клиническое уродинамическое исследование, в том числе и у детей первого года жизни. Современные подходы к диагностике позволяют правильно определить тип дисфункции мочевого пузыря и дальнейшую тактику ведения пациента с расстройствами мочеиспускания. Помимо диагностики различных вариантов нейрогенного мочевого пузыря большая роль клинического уродинамического исследования отмечена в контроле эффективности терапии, особенно у детей раннего возраста.
One of the topical problems in pediatric practice is urinary dysfunction in children, owing to its high prevalence in pediatric population; moreover, this problem is relevant not only due to its high prevalence, but also because it worsens the quality of life. Furthermore, of great importance for patients with neurogenic disorders is the development of secondary complications: vesicoureteral reflux, secondary obstructive pyelonephritis, upper urinary tract involvement (megaureter, hydronephrosis, and reflux nephropathy), urinary infection (cystitis, pyelonephritis), bladder hypertrophy and fibrosis. For effective treatment and prevention of neurogenic bladder complications, functional diagnosis of urination disorders remains important. Currently, one of the modern methods for neurogenic disorders categorization is clinical urodynamic investigation, including that in children of the first year of life. Modern approaches to diagnosis allow correctly determining bladder dysfunction type and further management tactics for patients with urination disorders. In addition to diagnosing various variants of neurogenic bladder, a great contribution of clinical urodynamic investigations is highlighted in monitoring therapy effectiveness, especially in young children.