bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
If We Were Kin
Authors: Beard Lisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
If We Were Kin is about the we of politics—how that we is made, fought over, and remade—and how these struggles lie at the very core of questions about power and political change. While reigning frameworks in the study of politics leave forms of identification sedimented in the background as a priori identities or prop them up front as a part of a mechanistic and calculated game, political identification cannot be captured by these frameworks and is a far more significant and profound political process than they allow. While this book stakes a wider claim about the centrality of identification to politics, it attends most closely to its deeper registers, and in particular to attempts by political actors within racial and gender justice and queer/trans liberation movements to get people to shift their foundational identifications. Drawing on the political thought of Sylvia Rivera, James Baldwin, Lorraine Hansberry, and grassroots LGBTQ activists in Southerners On New Ground, If We Were Kin identifies a distinct lineage of calls which challenge atomized and hierarchical racial formations in the United States and advance powerful visions of political relationships rooted in mutuality and shared freedom. As the book traces through activist archives, political speeches, and original interviews, these appeals demand a rethinking of fundamental assumptions in the study of politics and provide critical resources for understanding how power works in struggles to constitute a we, how commitments toward or away from racial justice are cultivated through battles over identification, and the dangers and possibilities of identificatory appeals.
The Second Macedonian War
Authors: Worthington Ian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The chapter begins with the lead-up to the war, including internal politics at Rome and the belligerent foreign policy following Rome’s victory over Carthage in the Second Punic War. Another section discusses the various reasons for why the war broke out, a topic that has attracted a lot of scholarly attention. Then the chapter switches focus to Philip’s activities in Greece and especially against the Athenians, tracing the reasons why they declared war on him and took Rome’s side, and the infamous “cursing” of Philip and all Antigonids by the Athenians. The chapter also details Philip’s actions in the early years of the war, including the battle of the Aous Gorge but then the Roman general Flamininus turning the tables on him.
Triumph and Despair After the Gulf War
Authors: Helfont Samuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Gulf War and its aftermath demarcated the lines of confrontation between Iraq and the world. In its aftermath, the world was united against Saddam’s regime, but cracks began to develop in global opinion over the appropriate way to address Iraq’s humanitarian crisis. Those cracks eventually spread through the post-Cold War order more generally. Saddam knew Iraqi suffering was one of his most important political weapons. He planned to use it to weaken the resolve of his adversaries and break up the coalition that had aligned against him. Doing so required significant institutional reforms at home and the reconsideration of policy and strategy abroad.
Breaking Isolation
Authors: Helfont Samuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As the 1990s ended, Saddam had improved his geopolitical position considerably. He had split the once-united Security Council into competing factions. The oil-for-food program that went into effect in 1996 gave him the political and economic tools to ensure that it would never again unite against Iraq. He had used flexible tactics of confrontation and retreat to frustrate the Clinton administration, and eventually to expel UN inspectors. Then he weathered intense but brief attacks in 1998, emerging even stronger in their aftermath. Thus, by the end of the decade, he had removed the inspectors, gained a steady source of revenue, and made important political allies that would safeguard Iraqi interests.
Normalization, 9/11, and the Road to War
Authors: Helfont Samuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Saddam was a master at manipulating the international system and eventually defeating it. Yet, in a bitter irony, the breakdown in global order that he worked so hard to accomplish also untethered the American power that ultimately overthrew his regime following the September 11 attacks in 2001. Saddam’s highly politicized view of international politics biased him to see mass public opinion and diplomacy as the drivers of international relations. This view blinded him to the raw power of military force when backed by a determined leader. The result was the 2003 Iraq War, which was a tragedy for Iraq and for the world. Whatever remaining checks the international order put on states were strained and then eventually broke with the 2003 Iraq War.
Patterns of Escalation in Cyberspace
Authors: Lonergan Erica D. , Lonergan Shawn W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 evaluates the extent to which the observable implications of the book’s theory match with the empirical reality, leveraging a comprehensive, multi-year dataset of cyber incidents from several different repositories to explore patterns of behavior over time between pairs of rival states, especially cases where escalation would be most likely. At its core is a series of extensive case studies tracing the strategic interactions between the United States and four rival states—China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea—which are overwhelmingly consistent with the expectations set out in Chapter 3. The chapter shows that the evidence, from both a decade of U.S.-China rivalry in cyberspace and cyber operations led by Russia and the United States against each other, provides little support for the argument that espionage campaigns create security dilemmas or cause escalation. The chapter also assesses interactions between the United States and its less capable rivals, Iran and North Korea, where a clear advantage might suggest that United States would be more willing to escalate in contests. While the evidence here does suggest that the United States was more willing to employ cyber capabilities in response to or as part of its strategic interactions with those states, none of the activity could reasonably be characterized as escalatory. Interactions between the U.S. and Iran, in particular, illuminate the challenges associated with planning and conducting strategic offensive cyber operations.
Optical Illusion and Design
Authors: Shiovitz Brynn W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Adding a level of optical technology to the novelty of sound in the wake of the Great Depression, Chapter 2 “Optical Illusion and Design: Exposure Values, Protean Guises, and Eddie Cantor’s Blackface 1930–1933,” investigates Busby Berkeley’s unique use of the camera as a means of choreographing female sexuality and Eddie Cantor’s blatant gender-bending and use of blackface during the Great Depression. The performances of these two, in tandem, allowed such “perversions” to slip past the newly established Hays Code, which forbade “undue exposure” and “pansy gags” of any kind. Cantor’s extremely quick, almost imperceptible character changes—here introduced as the protean guise—allowed Cantor to edge past the censors almost as seamlessly as he transforms himself. I also introduce the citational guise, as a form of embodied caricature usually evoked through physical gestures and/or the voice. These two guises (i.e., the protean and the citational), along with redface and brownface, help to illustrate the ways in which the very simultaneity of layers further obscures the conscious image, making it easier for taboo body parts and racial caricature to “slip in.” In The Kid from Spain, the Goldwyn Girls’ brownface justifies their exposed cleavage; their breasts distract from Cantor’s blackface; Cantor’s mask validates his Whiteness. Cantor’s redface in Whoopee! similarly disguises his aural blackface, both of which de-emphasize his Jewishness, while his Jewishness and blackface are what allow him to act “effeminately” to destabilize new forms of working-class consciousness and organization by flipping perceived gender paradigms on their head during the country’s worst economic crisis to date.
Aesthetics and Creativity in Youth and Community Arts
Authors: Poyntz Stuart R. , Sefton-Green Julian , Frey Heather Fitzsimmons 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes how creative experiences are organized by YouthSites, what arts traditions they emerge from, how they changed over time, and what range of purposes they afford for participants and audiences alike. The chapter begins with an overview of forms of expression enjoyed and practiced by socially marginalized groups that influenced youth arts practices in London, Toronto, and Vancouver. It then explores how these arts practices derive from interconnections between lived experience, philosophies of self-realization, the role of community, relationality, and, above all, the relationship between making/performing/exhibiting art and social change. Key to the chapter is the way that forms of community arts reframe the relationship between audiences and practitioners, giving prominence to modes of expression as well as types and ranges of voices that are frequently excluded by the high culture tradition of the arts in both Canada and the United Kingdom.
Conclusion
Authors: Poyntz Stuart R. , Sefton-Green Julian , Frey Heather Fitzsimmons 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
There is a shared arts-based informal, out-of-school practice with young people in the three cities of London, Toronto, and Vancouver that amounts to an administrative “sector” in the modern welfare state—a demarcated “field of practice.” This chapter addresses three key challenges that situate the meaning of the sector: its specificity and context, the relationship between practices and institutions, and the status and visibility of YouthSites. The chapter discusses how the contradictions of neoliberalism have shaped the development of the sector, configuring a series of tensions between opportunity and constraint, enterprise and audit, and radical care and youth welfare provision. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the future of YouthSites in policy and practice.
Popular Itineraries
Authors: Nemhauser Jeffrey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chapters in this section include: Africa & The Middle East 1. African Safaris 2. Saudi Arabia: Hajj/Umrah Pilgrimage 3. South Africa 4. Tanzania & Zanzibar The Americas & The Caribbean 1. Brazil 2. Dominican Republic 3. Haiti 4. Mexico 5. Peru Asia 1. Burma (Myanmar) 2. China 3. India 4. Nepal 5. Thailand
Posttravel Evaluation
Authors: Nemhauser Jeffrey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chapters in this section include: 1. General Approach to the Returned Traveler 2. Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Infectious Diseases 3. Perspectives: Screening Asymptomatic Returned Travelers 4. Fever in the Returned Traveler 5. Antimicrobial Resistance 6. Respiratory Infections 7. Persistent Diarrhea in Returned Travelers 8. Skin & Soft Tissue Infections 9. Perspectives: Delusional Parasitosis 10. Sexually Transmitted Infections 11. Newly Arrived Immigrants, Refugees & Other Migrants
Markers of the perceptual and the cognitive
Authors: Block Ned 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores indicators of the perceptual, indicators of the cognitive, and their significance. The indicators of the perceptual include adaptation, rivalry, pop-out, speed of perceptual processing, and illusory contours. The chapter discusses two kinds of adaptation, the visual hierarchy—the use of adaptation in distinguishing high-level from low-level perception—and the use of adaptation in distinguishing high-level perception from cognition. It argues that semantic satiation is perceptual, not cognitive. It discusses Weber’s Law, search efficiency, innateness, and perspectival sensitivity. The chapter ends with an argument that the indicators of perception are more a product of one function of perception than of perception’s fundamental nature.
Nonconceptual color perception
Authors: Block Ned 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that babies between 6 months and 11 months have color perception without color concepts. It discusses perceptual categories, color constancy, and whether adults have conceptual color perception or both nonconceptual and conceptual color perception. The chapter argues that at least some perceptual representation is nonconceptual in both infants and adults, so even if some perception is conceptual, perception is not constitutively conceptual. The argument relies on an extended example. Babies between the ages of 4–6 months and 11–12 months have near-adult level color discrimination—though perhaps without adult level color constancy—and have perceptual category representations. But they normally lack color cognition or color concepts (or even color proto-concepts), including the concept of color and the concepts of specific colors. The argument in this chapter depends on a three-way distinction among color category representations: (1) nonconceptual color category representations, which develop at 4–6 months of age; (2) color concepts, which develop starting around 11–12 months; and (3) linguistic color concepts, which develop starting around 3 years. The argument of this chapter will be used in Chapter 13 for phenomenally conscious color perception without access conscious color perception.
Evidence that is wrongly taken to show that perception is conceptual
Authors: Block Ned 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The previous two chapters make the main positive case for nonconceptual perception. Chapter 6 focused on psychology and Chapter 7 focused on neuroscience. Now I turn to the negative case—that case against arguments that perception or some aspects of it are conceptual. One negative argument was made in the last chapter, the argument against the use of the concept of an object file to show that object perception is conceptual. This chapter will focus on an argument that perception must be conceptual because conceptual recognition happens so fast that there is no time for conceptual cognition to be deployed. I will argue first that a consideration of the carwash model of perception undermines the fast perception argument and second that, surprisingly, there is considerable cognitive access to mid-level vision. This point will also be mentioned in the discussion of modularity in Chapter 11.
Strangers to Ourselves
Authors: Simeon Daphne , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Depersonalization is the third most common psychiatric symptom, yet clinicians and lay people still know little about its presentation and treatment. While it can indeed be a symptom accompanying other mental illnesses, it is also a full-blown disorder unto itself, recognized by every major diagnostic manual. Chapter 1 discusses the symptoms of depersonalization/derealization disorder through historical documentation and personal stories. The core symptoms, as outlined in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, include detachment from one’s whole self or from aspects of the self (such as feelings, thoughts, the body, and agency), as well as detachment from the outside world. Origins of the term “depersonalization” are discussed, and historical as well as current descriptions of symptoms are brought to life through personal quotes and stories. These substantiate depersonalization/derealization as an independent syndrome rather than simply a symptom of other disorders. This chapter sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of this fascinating, multifaceted, and under-researched condition.
From Terrain to Brain
Authors: Szymanski Erika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Wine connects people and places, but also ways of making knowledge across and beyond natural and social sciences. Biochemistry and microbiology, fluid dynamics and plant pathology, human physiology and cognitive psychology, and virtually every other scientific discipline brings its own lens to understanding what wine is, each useful for different purposes. Looking through one lens ultimately invokes others, so that they anastomose around wine as a social, cultural, and scientific phenomenon. Unfortunately, “the science of wine” is often presented as trivia to memorize: a set of facts about what wine is, from a set of limited disciplinary perspectives. Instead, this popular wine science book approaches the many sciences of wine as a set of diverse tools for appreciating and enjoying more of what wine can be. Each chapter begins with a common wine concern—sugar, alcohol, glass, etc.—and makes a foray out across the many sciences of wine to synthesize ways of understanding it. Ultimately, the book aims to locate scientific research in the wider social context of how wine is made and enjoyed, all in pursuit of expanding avenues for enjoying both science and wine.
Introduction
Authors: Aggarwal Neil Krishan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Since the 1980s, militants have waged violence in Indian-administered Kashmir. Much of the extant scholarship focuses on policies from the governments of India and Pakistan that have contributed to this political dispute. Comparatively fewer works address militant organizations. Even fewer investigations have systematically explored the psychology of militant leaders, a topic that has interested scholars across the social and behavioral sciences. Psychiatrists and psychologists need to develop methods to study the psychology of militant leaders. Governments throughout the world have enlisted psychiatrists and psychologists to provide expertise in prevention, risk assessment, and treatment when people commit political violence. This chapter analyzes debates in the psychology of political leadership with a focus on militant leaders.
A Method to Construct Psychological Case Studies of Militant Leaders
Authors: Aggarwal Neil Krishan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A method to study the relationship between leadership and political outcomes is needed that acknowledges macro-level processes such as the structure of political systems and large-group social interactions along with micro-level processes such as the personalities of individual leaders. Ignoring macro-level processes would reductionistically assume that only the personality characteristics of individual leaders determine political outcomes. But ignoring micro-level processes removes humans from politics altogether. This chapter enumerates steps for constructing case studies of militant leaders, adapted from the psychodynamic formulation in clinical psychiatry and psychology. It reviews recent research from personality psychology to propose that open sources can be analyzed to identify personality traits, motivations, skills and abilities, and significant life events of militant leaders. The psychopolitical formulation uses personality theories to analyze individual leaders while considering rival hypotheses for political outcomes such as large-group processes and political structures.
Abdullah Azzam, Osama bin Laden, and Ayman Al-Zawahiri from Al Qaeda
Authors: Aggarwal Neil Krishan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Al Qaeda has entered Kashmir. This chapter presents studies of Abdullah Azzam, who laid the foundations of Al Qaeda’s philosophy during the 1980s and channeled foreign fighters into Afghanistan; Osama bin Laden, who financed Al Qaeda and its precursor to disseminate jihad where Muslims were in conflict with non-Muslims; and Ayman Al-Zawahiri, who has led Al Qaeda. The chapter draws on Azzam’s writings, bin Laden’s interviews and speeches, and Al-Zawahiri’s book and video messages. Azzam wanted to fight for Islam’s glory throughout the world after Israeli forces occupied his village. Bin Laden saw himself defending Islam after the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. Al-Zawahiri has sought to overthrow corrupt rulers since adolescence. Each leader has crafted us-versus-them narratives pitting Muslims against others. Governments must craft counternarratives that disrupt such polarized thinking.
“Most ‘evidence’ that people post has nothing to do with ‘clean’ eating”
Authors: Gordon Cynthia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes one online discussion thread focused on the topic of “clean eating.” It demonstrates how intertextual linking strategies facilitate engagement in two interconnected metadiscursive activities: problematizing and defining meanings of words (especially “clean”) and negotiating the appropriateness of specific posts and kinds of posts to the thread. Strategies identified include quotation marks, the boards’ quotation function, repetition of words from and paraphrase of other posts, deictic pronouns, and symbols. Also included are evaluations of language using adjectives and speech act labels, speech acts that are directed toward discourse and discourse producers, and image-based resources such as emojis and GIFs. The chapter shows how participants take advantage of medium and language affordances to grapple with a key term, and to simultaneously negotiate what constitutes a productive and appropriate contribution to this particular thread, and in relation to the wider community guidelines regarding civil dialogue.
Democracy amid Crises
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall , Levendusky Matthew , Pasek Josh , Holbert R. Lance , Renninger Andrew , Ophir Yotam , Walter Dror , Hardy Bruce , Kenski Kate , Winneg Ken , Romer Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Among the more fraught election years in recent history, 2020 transpired amid four interlaced crises: the COVID-19 pandemic, an economic recession and uneven recovery, a racial reckoning, and a crisis of democratic legitimacy that culminated in the riot at the Capitol on January 6, 2021, and widespread belief among Republicans that the election had been stolen from Donald Trump. Democracy amid Crises explains how these forces and the media messaging through which they were filtered shaped the election and post-election dialogue, as well as voter perceptions of both, with worrisome potential consequences for democracy. The book spotlights not one but several electorates, each embedded in a distinctive informational environment. The four crises affected these electorates differently, partly because the unique constellations of media in which they were advertently and inadvertently enmeshed contained dissimilar messages from the campaigns and other sources of influence. Awash in distinctive message streams, the various electorates adopted divergent perspectives on the crises, candidates, and state of the country. As a result, understanding voting behavior and attitudes about the events that followed requires an analysis of both the distinctive electorates and the informational environments that enveloped them. Importantly, our findings raise fundamental questions about the nation’s future, occasioned by the contest over whether the 2020 presidential election was fairly and freely decided and by worrisome responses to the reality that the country’s citizenry is becoming more multiracial, multiethnic, and, on matters religious, agnostic.