Investigating the Role of Minimally Invasive Techniques in Trauma Surgery: A Comparative Study of Open versus Laparoscopic Approaches in Saudi Arabia, with a Focus on Cost-effectiveness
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam , Alblowi Bayan Sulaiman H. , Alahmari Ziyad M. Khalid , Almuneef Reema Hamad M. , Alshaiban Saleh Hussain , Alessa Mohammed Yousef 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Traditionally, exploratory surgical techniques have been used in trauma surgery. However, the use of minimally invasive surgery is on the rise.[1] Using minimally invasive surgery techniques such as laparoscopic surgeries in other surgical specialties has been proven to provide a safer method of diagnosing and treating patients. Saudi Arabia has a well-established healthcare system, but it lacks comprehensive research investigating the role of minimally invasive surgery in its healthcare context, particularly with a focus on cost-effectiveness. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aims to comprehensively investigate the role of minimally invasive techniques in trauma surgery and explore and compare the outcomes and cost-effectiveness of open versus laparoscopic approaches within the Saudi Arabian healthcare system.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 1074 participants, some of whom have undergone open or laparoscopic surgery for trauma. Data were collected through reviews of medical records, surveys of patients and interviews with healthcare professionals.

Results:
The study included 1073 participants, predominantly male (64.8%), with a diverse age distribution. The majority of participants had a Bachelor’s degree (45.3%) and were employed full-time (41.9%). Regarding familiarity with minimally invasive techniques, 45.2% of respondents reported being somewhat familiar, while 12.0% were very familiar. Notably, 80.4% of participants had undergone surgical procedures in the past, with laparoscopic techniques (31.7%) and open techniques (45.5%) being the most commonly used methods. Patient satisfaction and preferences revealed that 44.9% of respondents were very satisfied with the surgical outcomes of their previous procedures. Cost-effectiveness was considered very important by 72.8% of participants. Furthermore, 48.8% believed that laparoscopic approaches would lead to better patient outcomes in trauma surgery, while 25.0% favoured open approaches. These findings provide valuable insights into the demographic characteristics, familiarity with minimally invasive techniques and patient preferences in the context of trauma surgery in Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion:
Minimally invasive techniques play a significant role in trauma surgery, particularly laparoscopic approaches. They offer clinical advantages such as reduced post-operative pain, shorter hospital stays and fewer complications. These benefits positively impact patient well-being and optimise healthcare resources in Saudi Arabia. Patients undergoing minimally invasive procedures reported higher satisfaction levels, improved quality of life, faster recovery and less noticeable scars. Cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that despite higher upfront equipment costs, the potential for shorter hospital stays, reduced medication usage and increased productivity should be considered. However, barriers to widespread adoption exist, including the need for specialised training and equipment procurement. Overcoming these challenges through accessible training programmes and addressing equipment costs is crucial for promoting the use of minimally invasive techniques and enhancing the surgical landscape in Saudi Arabia.