bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Vector Fitting Approach for the Automated Estimation of Lumped Boundary Conditions of 1D Circulation Models
Authors: Fevola Elisa , Bradde Tommaso , Triverio Piero , Grivet-Talocia Stefano 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The choice of appropriate boundary conditions is a crucial step in the development of cardiovascular models for blood flow simulations. The three-element Windkessel model is usually employed as a lumped boundary condition, providing a reduced order representation of the peripheral circulation. However, the systematic estimation of the Windkessel parameters remains an open problem. Moreover, the Windkessel model is not always adequate to model blood flow dynamics, which often require more elaborate boundary conditions. In this study, we propose a method for the estimation of the parameters of high order boundary conditions, including the Windkessel model, from pressure and flow rate waveforms at the truncation point. Moreover, we investigate the effect of adopting higher order boundary conditions, corresponding to equivalent circuits with more than one storage element, on the accuracy of the model.

Method
The proposed technique is based on Time-Domain Vector Fitting, a modeling algorithm that, given samples of the input and output of a system, such as pressure and flow waveforms, can derive a differential equation approximating their relation.

Results
The capabilities of the proposed method are tested on a 1D circulation model consisting of the 55 largest human systemic arteries, to demonstrate its accuracy and its usefulness to estimate boundary conditions with order higher than the traditional Windkessel models. The proposed method is compared to other common estimation techniques, and its robustness in parameter estimation is verified in presence of noisy data and of physiological changes of aortic flow rate induced by mental stress.

Conclusion
Results suggest that the proposed method is able to accurately estimate boundary conditions of arbitrary order. Higher order boundary conditions can improve the accuracy of cardiovascular simulations, and Time-Domain Vector Fitting can automatically estimate them.
Attitudes towards machine translation and languages among travelers
Authors: Carvalho Inês , Ramires Ana , Iglesias Montserrat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMachine translation (MT), i.e., automatic translation, is a growing field in artificial intelligence with huge impacts on societies and businesses. Despite its importance for traveling and tourism communication, it has not been approached within tourism research. This study aims to fill this gap in knowledge by analyzing how attitudes toward machine translation are related to tourists’ profiles, travel behaviors, and language mindsets. It comprises two parts. The first one concerns a sample of 2535 individuals, while the second concerns a sub-sample of 907 language tourists (LTs). Specific research goals are set for each study: (1) to compare individuals with opposing viewpoints on the importance of MT in terms of profiles and attitudes toward languages; and (2) to understand how LTs’ profiles and travel experiences differed according to their agreement with the importance of MT in their most significant language trip. Statistical exploratory and inferential analyses have been conducted. We conclude that those with more positive views of MT tend to be younger and less educated, report poorer language skills, and attribute greater importance to the role of English as a lingua franca. Concerning LTs, those who rate MT as less important are more likely to have acquired language skills formally, engage more in cultural activities, and have closer contact with locals during their language trips. Acknowledging the role of MT in their most significant language trip is neither associated with a more unfavorable attitude towards the role of language in tourism nor with perceived diminished travel outcomes.
Effect of Particle–Particle and RBC–Particle Interactions on Capture Efficiency of Magnetic Nanocarriers Under the Influence of a Nonuniform Magnetic Field
Authors: Lahonian Mansour , Khedri Sepideh , Aminian Saman , Ranjbari Leyla , Ardalan Aram 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, the capture efficiency (CE) of magnetic carrier particles at the region of interest (ROI) in a micro-vessel was investigated. A nonuniform magnetic field produced by a Nd-Fe-B magnet was applied to capture the carrier particles at the ROI. The particle–particle and red blood cell (RBC)–carrier particle interactions were taken into account. Other parameters including carrier particle diameter, magnetic force, and non-Newtonian behavior of blood were also considered. The finite element method was used to solve the governing equations. Four cases were considered: (1) Newtonian without interaction forces, (2) Newtonian with interaction forces, (3) non-Newtonian without interaction forces, and (4) non-Newtonian with interaction forces. The results showed that for a particle diameter of 2000 nm, the CE values for the case without interaction force and with interaction force were 70% and 53%, respectively. It was found that by considering the particle–particle and RBC–carrier particle interactions for all magnet–vessel distances, the CE of carrier particles decreased, on average, by nearly 19%. At a magnet–vessel distance of 2.5 cm ($$d=2.5\,\mathrm{cm}),$$

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,

it was seen that the CE values for case 2 and case 3 were nearly 70% and 45%, representing the maximum and minimum CE values, respectively.
Advancement of risk analysis methods during prolonging the service life of industrial equipment
Authors: Belodedenko S. , Bilichenko G. , Hanush V. , Izhevskyi Y. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of the work was to trace the relationship between the durability of the equipment and its maintenance strategy. This is done by examples of basic structures of industrial equipment. They have a long service life and during this time manage to accumulate certain damages that need to be diagnosed, after which decisions on its maintenance and repair must be made. Problems associated with the technique for extending the service life of industrial equipment are addressed. The authors have created a technique called the resource safety index (RSI), which uses this characteristic as a diagnostic metric. The usage of the risk function to control the technical state of base structures is shown in this study. It is demonstrated how the behavior of the risk function affects the choice of the inspection model. A risk function model for base structures is proposed, which is based on the concepts of stepwise assignment of the limit state and the corresponding useful life. An algorithm for determining the optimal period of restoration measures according to minimizing the cost intensity criterion, where the risk indicator is a parameter, has been developed. The proposed concepts were put into practice when deciding on the further operation of the housings of the 350 pipes rolling unit. The housings of the piercing mill and the automatic mill, which had been in operation for 80 years, were diagnosed. For the first time, it was discovered that the housings risk function at the crack break through point stage can be represented by a linear dependence directly proportional to the accumulation of operating time. One of the signs of deterioration in the technical condition of rolling mill stands is a malfunction of the system of fixing and securing the housings.
Die Gen-Lotterie
Authors: Harden Kathryn Paige 
Published: June 2023

Kathryn Paige Harden informiert über den neuesten Stand der Genforschung, räumt mit gefährlichen eugenischen Vorstellungen auf und konfrontiert uns mit der Frage, was Gleichheit und Gerechtigkeit bedeuten in einer Welt, in der Menschen mit unterschiedlichen Fähigkeiten geboren werden. Sie fordert uns dazu auf, die Bedeutung des genetischen Zufalls ernst zu nehmen, wenn wir jemals versuchen sollten, eine gerechte Gesellschaft zu entwickeln.
Dieses richtungsweisende Buch befreit die Genetik vom Erbe der Eugenik und präsentiert eine kühne Vision von einer Gesellschaft, in der alle Menschen erfolgreich sind unabhängig davon, wie sie in der Gen-Lotterie abschneiden.
„Ich empfehle das Buch von Kathryn Harden, denn in der heutigen Zeit, in der vieles einfach argumentativ wegdiskutiert wird, ist ein solches Buch sehr interessant. Es gibt eben doch teilweise massive oder auch nur moderate genetische Einflüsse auf das Verhalten, die man nicht wegdiskutieren kann.“ Prof. Dr. Lutz Jäncke
Impact of Tibetan Plateau Spring Snow on the Summer Heat Wave Frequency Over the Indochina Peninsula
Authors: Zhang RuiZhi , Jia XiaoJing , Qian QiFeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the impact of the interannual variation in Tibetan Plateau snow cover (TPSC) on the summer heat wave frequency (HWF) over the Indochina Peninsula (ICP) (HWF_ICP) for 1981–2020. This study shows that the spring TPSC variation over the central Tibetan Plateau (TP) is positively correlated with the summer HWF_ICP and can explain up to 30% of the summer HWF_ICP variance. Analysis of the apparent heat source shows that more‐than‐normal spring snow cover over the central TP has a cooling effect on the above atmosphere, which induces negative geopotential height anomalies in the upper troposphere. The anomalous spring TPSC and its cooling effect can persist until summer. In summer, the TPSC‐associated low anomalies propagate eastward to the East Asia‐Japan Sea area. The anomalous westerly winds along the south flank of these low anomalies strengthen the climatological westerly jet. Changes in the westerlies are accompanied by anomalous ascending and descending air motion north and south of 30°N over the coast of East Asia and the western Pacific. The anomalous descending air motion south of 30°N causes an enhanced subtropical high, less cloud cover, and more downward solar radiation, which are favorable conditions for a greater occurrence of heat waves over the ICP. The results of current study may provide useful information for improving the seasonal forecast skill of the summer HWF_ICP variation.
The Ellipse‐Fitting Detection of Winter North Pacific Jet and the Associated Air Temperature Variations in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Zhao Shan , Huang Danqing , Zhu Jian , Zhang Yaocun , Gong Zhaohui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the mid‐latitudes, the strongly meandering jet stream has contributed to worldwide weather patterns and climate variations. However, the shape variations of the jet and its climatic impacts remain unclear. In this study, we introduced an ellipse‐fitting technique to fit the high‐value wind speeds and identified the location, shape, and strength variations of the winter‐averaged North Pacific jet (NPJ). Particularly, this method has the advantage of objectively detecting the shape variations of the NPJ, including the area and orientation. Focused on the NPJ shape, the area and orientation variations are generally out‐of‐phase, leading to a large‐straight jet and a small‐tilted jet. The shape variation of the NPJ is highly linked to the variations in both mean and extreme temperatures in winter over East Asia and North America. Associated with the small‐tilted NPJ, northern East Asia and northern North America frequently suffer from warm and cold events in winter, respectively, while associated with the large‐straight NPJ, the patterns are almost opposite but with an asymmetric distribution to the small‐tilted NPJ. The distribution of the 300 hPa wind speed anomalies shows a spatial‐asymmetric feature at the exit and entrance of the NPJ. Large positive (negative) anomalies and the poleward (equatorward) shift at the NPJ exit and locations downstream (170°E−140°W) act in combination on the formation and maintenance of the large‐straight (small‐tilted) jet, which may be strongly connected with the sea surface temperature variations and synoptic‐scale transient eddy activities there. Our findings would be helpful in providing potential indicators of temperature variations.
Silicon Isotopes Highlight the Role of Glaciated Fjords in Modifying Coastal Waters
Authors: Hatton J. E. , Ng H. C. , Meire L. , Woodward E. M. S. , Leng M. J. , Coath C. D. , Stuart‐Lee A. , Wang T. , Annett A. L. , Hendry K. R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGlaciers and ice sheets are experiencing rapid warming under current climatic change and there is increasing evidence that glacial meltwaters provide key dissolved and dissolvable amorphous nutrients to downstream ecosystems. However, large debate exists around the fate of these nutrients within complex and heterogenous fjord environments, where biogeochemical cycling is still often poorly understood. We combine silicon (Si) concentration data with isotopic compositions to better understand silicon cycling and export in two contrasting fjordic environments in south‐west Greenland. We show that both fjords have isotopically light dissolved silicon (DSi) within surface waters, despite an apparently rapid biological drawdown of DSi with increasing salinity. We hypothesize that such observations cannot be explained by simple water mass mixing processes, and postulate that an isotopically light source of Si, most likely glacially derived amorphous silica (ASi), is responsible for further modifying these coastal waters within the fjords and beyond. Fjord to coastal exchange is likely a relatively slow process (several months), and thus is less impacted by short‐term (<seasonal) changes of glacial meltwater input into the fjord, which has implications when considering the role of glacial meltwaters on nutrient export beyond the shelf break. We highlight the need for isotopic studies combined with dissolved and particulate nutrient concentration analysis to provide a more detailed analysis into the biogeochemical cycles within these highly dynamic fjord environments.
Data‐Driven Estimation of Groundwater Level Time‐Series at Unmonitored Sites Using Comparative Regional Analysis
Authors: Haaf E. , Giese M. , Reimann T. , Barthel R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA new method is presented to efficiently estimate daily groundwater level time series at unmonitored sites by linking groundwater dynamics to local hydrogeological system controls. The proposed approach is based on the concept of comparative regional analysis, an approach widely used in surface water hydrology, but uncommon in hydrogeology. Using physiographic and climatic site descriptors, the method utilizes regression analysis to estimate cumulative frequency distributions of groundwater levels (groundwater head duration curves, HDC) at unmonitored locations. The HDC is then used to construct a groundwater hydrograph using time series from distance‐weighted neighboring monitored (donor) locations. For estimating times series at unmonitored sites, in essence, spatio‐temporal interpolation, stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and nearest neighbors are compared. The methods were applied to 10‐year daily groundwater level time series at 157 sites in unconfined alluvial aquifers in Southern Germany. Models of HDCs were physically plausible and showed that physiographic and climatic controls on groundwater level fluctuations are nonlinear and dynamic, varying in significance from “wet” to “dry” aquifer conditions. XGB yielded a significantly higher predictive skill than nearest neighbor and MLR. However, donor site selection is of key importance. The study presents a novel approach for regionalization and infilling of groundwater level time series that also aids conceptual understanding of controls on groundwater dynamics, both central tasks for water resources managers.
The Impact of Blue‐Green Infrastructure and Urban Area Densification on the Performance of Real‐Time Control of Sewer Networks
Authors: van der Werf J. A. , Kapelan Z. , Langeveld J. G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUrban areas are constantly developing and thereby affect the local water cycle. Real‐time control (RTC) strategies are used to operate urban drainage systems optimally during these transitions. This paper aims to develop a methodology to study the impacts of common gradual changes occurring in the urban environment (densification of the urban area and implementation of blue‐green infrastructure), forming cumulative transitions, on the functioning of real‐time optimization procedures. A new generic methodology, relying on a comprehensive evaluation strategy based on three indicators assessing the continued optimal performance of RTC was proposed. This methodology was applied to two urban drainage catchments in Eindhoven and Rotterdam using both probabilistic and projected transitional paths. Based on the results obtained it can be noted that the performances of the RTC procedures were not strongly affected by the modeled transitions although the relative performance compared to the maximum performance potential decreases significantly with the large‐scale implementation of blue‐green infrastructure, indicating that the revision of RTC procedures could improve the sewer system functioning further. The relative performance loss associated with the modeled transitions was higher for model predictive control compared to heuristic RTC procedures for one case study and vice versa for the other. Continuous re‐evaluation of the RTC strategy is, therefore, an important but overlooked part of the implementation of RTC procedures.
Impact of Long‐Distance Interaction Indicator (Monsoon Indices) on Spatio‐Temporal Variability of Precipitation Over the Mahanadi River Basin
Authors: Sahu Ramgopal Tilakram , Verma Mani Kant , Ahmad Ishtiyaq 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR), lasting from June to September, has a major impact on the Indian economy and ecosystem. An attempt to assess the temporal fluctuation of ISMR with the long‐distance interaction indicators has been presented here. This also corroborates the argued statement of a weakening relationship between ISMR and Indian Summer Monsoon Index (ISMI) due to significant temporal fluctuation. Monsoon indices: the ISMI, East Asian Summer Monsoon Index (EASMI), South Asian Summer Monsoon Index (SASMI), and Western‐North Pacific Monsoon Index (WNPMI) have been studied to create a correlation, coherency, and teleconnection with the ISMR over the Mahanadi River basin (MRB) during 1948–2017. High‐resolution gridded precipitation data were employed to assess the statistical properties of the monsoon and to address the correlation, coherency, and teleconnection with the ISMR. Spearman's rank‐based correlation test, a non‐parametric Mann‐Kendall trend test, and Sen's slope have been used to assess the statistical properties of observed precipitation and the monsoon indices. Furthermore, wavelet transform coherence is used to detect transient correlations between ISMR and monsoon indices that have previously been uncorrelated. SASMI (ρ = 0.440) dominates ISMI (ρ = 0.422) as the most significant and influential long‐distance indicator with ISMR. The findings were reconfirmed on a sub‐basin scale, with the middle Mahanadi River Basin (MMRB) being the most significant and influential, whereas the upper Mahanadi River Basin and lower Mahanadi River Basin were the second and third most influential, respectively.
Impedance Factor of Hydraulic Conductivity for Frozen Soil Based on Ice Segregation Theory and Its Application
Authors: Cheng Sen‐Hao , Engel Bernard A. , Liu Rong , Wu Hao‐Xing , Wang Yu‐Bao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe necessity and rationality of using an impedance factor in the calculation of hydraulic conductivity of frozen soil has been an ongoing debate. To address this issue, ice segregation theory was used to analyze the physical meaning of the impedance factor. Based on assumptions sourced from segregation theory, experimental evidence regarding the hydraulic conductivity of frozen soil and the Gibbs‐Thompson effect, a relationship between the impedance factor and soil parameters was deduced. The necessity of the impedance factor was discussed under closed unsaturated and open saturated freezing systems. Finally, the derived impedance factor was compared with the current empirical impedance factor. The results showed the following: (a) The impact of the impedance factor on closed unsaturated freezing systems was small. However, an impedance factor was necessary for water migration in freezing systems with a high degree of ice segregation, such as open saturated freezing systems. (b) The derived impedance factor combined with the VG model had good performance for simulating water migration under different freezing conditions. (c) Compared with the empirical impedance factors, the derived impedance factors considered the effect of segregation acceleration caused by the pore expansion, improving the simulation accuracy of water migration at the freezing front. The parameters used to derive the impedance factor were only the initial porosity and the accumulative curve of the particle size grading, which was easily applied and combined with a VG model as a general method for computing the hydraulic conductivity of frozen soil.
Seismic Structure of the Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere System Beneath the Oldest Seafloor Revealed by Rayleigh‐Wave Dispersion Analysis
Authors: Kawano Yuki , Isse Takehi , Takeo Akiko , Kawakatsu Hitoshi , Morishige Manabu , Shiobara Hajime , Takeuchi Nozomu , Sugioka Hiroko , Kim YoungHee , Utada Hisashi , Lee Sang‐Mook 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe analyze seismic records collected at the oldest (170–180 Ma) Pacific seafloor using broadband dispersion array analysis. Using ambient noise and teleseismic waveforms, we measure Rayleigh‐wave phase velocities in a period range of 5–200 s that are inverted for array‐average one‐dimensional isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic shear‐wave velocity depth profiles from the crust to a depth of 300 km. The high‐velocity Lid and the low‐velocity zone are well‐resolved with velocity difference of ∼4%, whose transition occurs at depths between 80 and 100 km. The profile is compared with that obtained at the 130‐ and 140‐Ma seafloor. Accounting for the cooling effect due to the plate age difference, the low‐velocity zone of the oldest Pacific seafloor is ∼1.3% slower (∼110°C warmer) than that beneath the 140‐Ma seafloor, suggesting the occurrence of some reheating process beneath the oldest lithosphere. The azimuthal anisotropy at shallow depths (<50 km) is significantly different between the western and eastern areas of the array where the peak‐to‐peak amplitudes are estimated to be ∼2.8% and ∼1.6%, respectively. The fast direction is nearly parallel to the past seafloor spreading direction (perpendicular to the magnetic lineation) in the west, while it largely deviates in the east. The observed difference in azimuthal anisotropy may represent complicated evolution dynamics of the infant Pacific plate that involved a ridge‐ridge‐ridge triple junction.