bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Tingkat Rawan Kekeringan Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kecamatan Candipuro Kabupaten Lampung Selatan
Authors: Amelia Ayu , Amin Muhammad , Ridwan Ridwan , Asmara Sandi 
Published: January 2025

The impact of drought can affect various aspects of life. One that is threatened by the effects of drought is agricultural land and rice fields, which are threatened with failure due to reduced water supply. South Lampung Regency is one of the largest rice producing districts in Lampung Province, with rice fields covering an area of 38,688 ha, South Lampung Regency is capable of producing 321,822 tons of rice. While Candipuro District is the largest producing district in South Lampung Regency with a total rice production of 55,192 tons of rice. From the magnitude of the potential Candipuro District has drought constraints in utilizing the potential of paddy fields optimally. One of the efforts that can be done to anticipate drought is by mapping the rice fields in Candipuro district which is prone to drought. One of the technologies that can be used in mapping is application-shaped technology called GIS (Geographic Information System) Application. The purpose of research on the level of drought based on Geographic Information System in Candipuro District is (1) to obtain a map of the distribution of drought-prone rice fields in Candipuro District, (2) to determine the level of drought-prone rice fields in Candipuro District, (3) to analyze the dominant factors that affect the level of drought-prone rice fields in Candipuro District. The method used in this study is the method of overlap (overlay) and scoring (scoring) with GIS analysts. Overlay and scoring methods were performed on 5 drought parameters, namely rice field irrigation, slope slope, soil texture, soil solum and rainfall. The results of research on rice field drought in Candipuro district obtained two levels of drought prone, namely, medium and high. Paddy land with a classification of medium vulnerability level has an area of 4,050.43 or comparable to 61.8% of the total area of paddy land in Candipuro district, while the classification of high vulnerability level has an area of 2,503. 3 ha or comparable to 38.2% of the total area of paddy land in Candipuro District. Keywords: Drought, Paddy Field, Candipuro District, Geographic Information System
Uji Kinerja Portable Rainfall Simulator pada Berbagai Tekanan Pompa
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Oktafri Oktafri , Amin Muhammad , Ardila Maya 
Published: January 2025

Rainfall simulator is a tool that allows you to create artificial rain simulation as you wish. Rainfall simulator can be used to study runoff, erosion, infiltration, and other events in hydrological processes on a laboratory scale. The purpose of the study was determine the performance of the portable rainfall simulator that had been made with test parameters, namely the discharge radiance value, nozzle constanta, and uniformity coefficient. The test carried out using three variatons of pump pressure treatment, namelay 1.0, 1.3, and 1.6 bar and each treatment was repeated 3 times with a test time of 7.5 minutes. The test result show that the portable rainfall simulator can produce water discharge with uniformity level (CU) greather than 70%. The best pump pressure for the highest uniformity of transmission is 1.6 bar. The pumping pressure affects the water discharge with a uniformity coefficient value (CU), the greather the pump pressure, the greather the water discharge value, and the uniformity coefficient value (CU). The type of nozzle used is good enough to be used as a transmitter from the rainfall simulator that was made. Keywords: Coefficient Uniformity (CU), Discharge, Nozzle, Rain, Rainfall Simulator, Water.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Batang Singkong dan Serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) sebagai Bahan Dasar Pot Organik
Authors: W Nazova Falhbian , Oktafri Oktafri , Asmara Sandi , Kuncoro Sapto 
Published: January 2025

Before planting, generally the seed is sowed in polybag that made of plastic (on organic). For excessive use of polybag it can damage the environmental. To prevent more severe environmental damage, it is necessary to find a safe way for the sustainability of environmental quality, that is by using organic materials. There are many organic materials can be used for seedling pots. Two of them are cassava stem waste and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB). OPEFB can increase strength and stiffness of wall of the pots (organic seedling pots). To glue cassava stem waste and OPEFB then add enough adhesive material. This research was held in October to December 2019 at Laboratory of Power and Agricultural Machinery and Laboratory of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Agriculture Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The method of this research is Completely Randomized Design, with composition of ingredients cassava stem and OPEFB that consist 6 levels; P1 is 70% cassava stem and 30% OPEFB, P2 is 60% cassava stem and 40% OPEFB, P3 is 50% cassava stem and 50% OPEFB, P4 is 40% cassava stem and 60% OPEFB, and P5 is 30% cassava stem and 70% OPEFB. The result of this research showed that characteristic of test about moisture, density, impact resistance index, and water absorption had significant on combination of mixed materials. For crops test with green lettuce, the result showed that height of crop, number of leaves, and root length were not significant on combination of mixed materials. The best result of organic seedling pots in this research is on treatments of P3; 50% cassava stem and 50% OPEFB, with moisture is 11,46%, density is 0,28 g/cm3, impact resistance index is 98,04%, and water absorption capacity is 128,2 %. Keywords: Cassava Stem Waste, Characteristic Test, Crops Test, OPEFB waste, and Organic Seedling Pots.
Inconsistency between conditional and marginal analyses
Authors: Feng Chang , Liu Honghong , Wang Hongyue , Feng Changyong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Conditional and marginal analyses are widely used in clinical studies. However, the results of these two methods may occasionally contradict each other. For instance, marginal analysis may show that the treatment group outperforms the control group, while conditional analysis may suggest the opposite. We examine the causes of this inconsistency and provide general sufficient conditions for ensuring consistency.
The Effects of Social Protection Expenditures in Relation to Selected Socio-Economic Indicators in EU Countries
Authors: Halásková Renata , Pomp Marek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The extent of social and economic issues has an impact on current society, and ways of solving them reflect not only on social policy but also on results of economic policies. The paper aims to evaluate the effects of social protection expenditures/benefits in relation to selected socio-economic indicators in the EU countries. By use of panel data analysis in the period 2010–2021, the effect of social protection expenditures/benefits (total and by individual function) on GDP per capita, income inequality and on the risk of poverty and social exclusion is examined. The results show a positive effect of social protection expenditures/benefits (total and by selected function-housing, family/children, social exclusion, survivors) on GDP per capita and a negative impact of social protection benefits (total and by functions – social exclusion, family/children, sickness/health care) in the case of the risk of poverty and social exclusion. Conversely, social protection benefits by selected functions have a combined effect on income inequality. The acquired findings demonstrate the significance that is attached to specific areas of social protection policies in the EU countries.
The Concept of Organism-Environment Relationship and the Emergence of a Unified Concept of Environments
Authors: Martins Gonçalo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nowadays, the concept of environment is commonly used, both in scientific speech or in more mundane realms, such as in political or economic issues. However, this conceptualization of the environment, as something singular and abstract with which organisms continuously interact, was not known until the middle of the nineteenth century. This concept was coined and emphasized by Herbert Spencer, who primarily inherited the idea that organisms are constantly affected by their external circumstances firstly from Lamarck, and then Charles Lyell, Alexander von Humboldt, and especially Auguste Comte. From Lamarck, who was influenced by Cuvier and Buffon, Spencer received the idea of a physicochemical environment sustaining life. With Humboldt and Lyell, Spencer became progressively aware of the relevance of other living beings in defining a specific organism’s environment. With Comte, Spencer encountered the idea of a correspondence between organism and environment, in which the latter was abstractly regarded. Consequently, Spencer would include physical, biological, and social circumstances under the umbrella of this abstraction. Darwin would also contribute to this perspective on environment while highlighting the idea of “struggle for existence”, in which a new ecological stance, focused on the interdependence of organisms, was brought to the fore. My aim is to outline the history of the progressive concealment of elements of the external world surrounding an organism, which was involved in this continuous metaphysical abstraction of the concept of environment. Only then, I argue, did it become possible to construct a dichotomy between organism and environment, and conceptualize their interaction, crucial aspects in the history of ecology.
Course implementation of Mahara e-portfolio: university students’ perspective
Authors: Součková Zuzana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The paper investigates the feedback from 2nd and 3rd year students in a teacher training programme as part of the e-portfolio course implementation. Mahara e-portfolio platform was used in a compulsory elective course to enhance the learning experience and provide online space for completing various reading, listening, writing, speaking skills, and vocabulary tasks. The research adopts a qualitative approach and analyses expectations, fears, and contributions (before the implementation) related to e-portfolios and likes, dislikes, and suggestions (after the course completion). The paper reflects the students’ first-hand experience with e-portfolios and seeks to contribute to the growing area of research on this topic. Based on the data, the expectations towards e-portfolios were relatively positive. The students showed concerns, especially over technical issues and digital skills. As to the potential contribution, the students highlighted the interactive nature of e-portfolios. At the end of the course, the students appreciated especially peer-to-peer learning.
On the other hand, the students showed a negative attitude towards difficulties and challenges with using the eportfolio at the beginning of the process. The students also suggested using one platform instead of multiple platforms. The findings can be of interest to teachers, lecturers, instructors or anyone planning to implement eportfolios in the field of education, especially with a focus on higher education.
Integrated thematic instruction in the environment of Czech primary schools: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Barancová Klára , Fasnerová Martina , Balušková Kateřina , Kantor Jiří 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Integrated Thematic Instruction (ITI) (now also Highly Effective Teaching) is a type of teaching based primarily on one long-term unifying theme and its subsequent elaboration into branching themes and skills. Although the basic principles of ITI are reflected in the concept of the Czech curriculum, specifically in its project form (the Framework Educational Programme for Primary Education), there is only sporadic information on how ITI is used in pedagogical practice. The aim of this national cross-sectional study with a questionnaire was to determine the awareness of first-grade primary school teachers about the ITI model and to further focus on and explore selected applications of ITI in pedagogical practice. Only 23% of the teachers surveyed use the ITI model, and a higher level of awareness correlates with more frequent use. Teachers often use ITI in their practice in the form of one-day or weekly topics, and natural sciences are the most represented teaching areas. In most cases, teachers create their own materials for the ITI application. Still, they would welcome new ones (even though in 43% of cases, they consider the number of materials sufficient).
Representations of Personal Experience of the War Reality in Ukraine in Reports on the Onet.pl Website
Authors: Szulich-Kałuża Justyna , Wadowski Dariusz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The article aims to analyse how the Onet.pl website presents the process of experiencing the reality of war by Ukrainians and Russians affected by this conflict. The subject of the analysis is the materials presenting the individual stories of ordinary citizens of Ukraine and Russia suffering the consequences of the war. The corpus of materials selected as a result of the content analysis included 99 texts published on the most opinion-forming portal in Poland, Onet.pl, in the first half of 2024. The adopted theoretical and methodological perspective included the theory of representation and the concept of framing. The conducted analysis aimed to answer the following research questions: 1). What categories of people do the stories presented in Onet.pl materials concern? 2). What types of war experiences do Onet’s editors choose to present to Polish audiences? 3). What general image of the Russian-Ukrainian war shapes or can shape the ways of presenting the stories of individuals who are experiencing the war reality? As a result of the research, eight dominant frames were identified: the suffering frame, the escape frame, the activity frame, the change/other world frame, the clash of civilizations frame, the moral activity frame, the women’s frame, and the children’s frame.
Burundi 1993–2023: Decades of Missed Opportunities
Authors: Bar Joanna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Burundi’s internal conflict has continued since independence in 1962. Its subsequent phase erupted in 1993 after the assassination of democratically elected President Melchior Ndadaye, lasted more than a decade, and resulted in the collapse of the country’s economy. Democratic parliamentary and presidential elections were not held until 2005. The period under then-elected President Nkurunziza (2005–2020) will go down in history as marked by the difficult economic situation and the persecution of political opponents. The change of president in 2020 provided an opportunity to reverse unfavourable development trends, but the assessment of President Melchior Ndayishimiye’s leadership does not provide grounds for optimism. The main purpose of this paper (conducted in the form of a case study) is to analyse the current socio-political situation in Burundi, along with an attempt to answer questions about the chances of ending the conflict, avoiding the threat of its internationalization in the region, and effectively rebuilding the country. Awareness of the state’s poor condition constructs the main research hypothesis of the article, that the flawed leadership of the last two presidents is resulting in measurable negative effects on the state’s post-conflict reconstruction processes and its economic development. The study, in accordance with the accepted premise of conducting qualitative research, has been prepared based on a critical analysis of sources, reports of institutions and non-governmental organizations, data from rankings of reputable think tanks, as well as based on the literature on the genesis and course of the internal crisis in Burundi. The study confirmed that the lack of stable governance and a responsible leader with the will to bring peace and a policy of stable development, translated into the country’s dire economic situation and the low standard of living of its citizens.
Assessment of the information value of the Phoenix Sepsis Score after the first day of treatment of sepsis in children
Authors: Mironov P. I. , Aleksandrovich Yu. S. , Trembach A. V. , Lekmanov A. U. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Sepsis is a serious life-threatening disease, accompanied by high mortality and long-term decline in the quality of life of surviving patients. Recent recommendations from the US Society of Critical Care Medicine presented the Phoenix Sepsis Score as the optimal system for assessing organ dysfunction in children with sepsis.The objective of study was to compare the discriminatory ability of the Phoenix Sepsis Score, pSOFA and PELOD 2 scores after 24, 72 and 120 hours of intensive care.Materials and methods. The study design was retrospective, observational, and multicenter. 140 children met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 (20.7%) patients died. The discriminatory power of the study scores was assessed based on ROC analysis.Results. The area under the ROC curve in the first 24 hours was comparable for the analyzed scores (within 0.600, the significance of the differences between the Phoenix Sepsis Score and pSOFA was 0.57, Phoenix Sepsis Score – PELOD 2 = 0.80, pSOFA – PELOD 2 = 0.74 ). On the third day of intensive therapy, the information value of the scores turned out to be good (Phoenix Sepsis Score– 0.704 ± 0.100, pSOFA – 0.748 ± 0.079, PELOD 2 – 0.810 ± 0.073), but they also did not differ statistically significantly from each other. On the fifth day of treatment, all scores showed excellent and comparable discrimination ability (AUG ROC about 0.900).Conclusions. The information ability of the Phoenix Sepsis Score, pSOFA and PELOD 2 in children with sepsis is comparable. The Phoenix Sepsis Score can be used to monitor the severity of organ dysfunction during intensive care of pediatric sepsis
MUCOADHESIVE MICROCAPSULES OF INDOMETHACIN: EVALUATION FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE AND ULCEROGENIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Chowdary K.P.R. , Deepthi K. Sree , Rao Y. Srinivasa 
Published: January 2025

Mucoadhesive microcapsules of indomethacin were prepared by an emulsification-ionic gelation process employing sodium carboxy methylcellulose, methylcellulose, Carbopol and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose along with alginate and the microcapsules were evaluated for release kinetics and ulcerogenic activity. The resulting microcapsules were discrete, free flowing, multinucleate, monolithic and spherical. Microencapsulation efficiency was 41-70 % and relatively high with alginate-sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Indomethacin release from these mucoadhesive microcapsules was found to be slow and extended over longer periods of time and depended on the composition of coat and size of the microcapsules. Drug release was diffusion controlled and followed first order kinetics. Alginate-methyl cellulose and alginate-sodium carboxymethylcellulose microcapsules were found suitable for oral controlled release. The microcapsules exhibited good mucoadhesive property in the in vitro wash-off test. Release from some microcapsules fulfilled the official (USP 23) drug release test-2 requirement of indomethacin extended release capsules. A 62-80 % reduction in ulcerogenic activity was observed with these microcapsules when compared to pure drug indomethacin.
TRANSDERMAL IONTOPHORETIC DELIVERY OF ATENOLOL IN COMBINATION WITH PENETRATION ENHANCERS: OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION ON SOLUTION AND GELS
Authors: Nandy B. C. , Gupta R. N. , Rai V. K. , Das S. , Tyagi L. K. , Roy S. , Meena K. C. 
Published: January 2025

In the present investigation, we prepared Atenolol (1.5 % w/w) solution and various polymer formulations by incorporating the tween-20 or L-menthol, as a penetration enhancers and its effect on permeation of the drug through the excised abdominal rat skin were used to examined by using the vertical Franz-type diffusion cell. The physicochemical interactions between Atenolol and various polymers were investigated by performing the assay, ultra violet absorption maxima, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and it was further confirmed by thin layer chromatography studies, from which drug did not show any evidence of interaction with the polymers. We found that, L-menthol was superior than tween-20 to iontophoresis [current density applied 0.5 mA/cm2 and 90:10 (on: off) ratio], in enhancing the transdermal permeation of Atenolol; it enhanced the flux of Atenolol by more than 2-folds, comparison to the preparations without penetration enhancer via passive diffusion, and 3 folds increased using iontophoresis alone with a shorter lag time. Atenolol also showed good stability in gel formulations. The basic parameters like % loading dose released at the end of the study, permeation coefficient and steady state flux (Jss) were calculated and showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The results indicated that suitable iontophoretic delivery with desired permeability could be appeared and the cumulative amount-time curves were suitable to fit by a zero order equations which indicated a steady state permeation rate or sustained effect could be achieved from hydrogel; when it is combined with penetration enhancer, L-menthol. The results demonstrate that the semisolid gel formulations are more applicable than solution as a transdermal iontophoretic delivery system to administer clinically. Electrically assisted transdermal delivery of Atenolol significantly increased transport compared to passive delivery. Also, rapid and modulated delivery was shown to be feasible by programming the electrical parameters.
ESTIMATION OF SODIUM VALPROATE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC WITHOUT PRIOR DERIVATIZATION: APPLICATION TO DISSOLUTION STUDIES
Authors: Gupta R. K. , Singh U. K. , Kumar S. , Moothan B. 
Published: January 2025

A simple, precise and reproducible reverse phase, isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of sodium valproate in bulk and enteric coated tablet dosage form. The quantification was carried out using a Nova-pack phenyl, 4µm, 150 mm × 3.9 mm i.d. column, with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: buffer (30:70, v/v) (pH 2.5) at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and UV detection at 210 nm. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, robustness and solution stability. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 50-1500 µg/ml (r = 0.9999). Mean inter- and intra-assay relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 2.0 %. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of sodium valproate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Also, the method was extended for determination of sodium valproate release from in-vitro dissolution studies.