bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Weight-Assignment Load Balancing Algorithm for Cloud Applications
Authors: Adewojo Adekunbi A. , Bass Julian M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWeb applications commonly suffer from flash crowds and resource failure, resulting in performance degradation. Flash crowds are large, sudden, yet legitimate influxes of user requests that constitute a critical problem because of their potential economic damage. For cloud providers, resource estimation is challenging, while distributing workload and sustaining performance. To alleviate flash crowds and resource failure problems, we propose a novel weight assignment load balancing algorithm that combines five carefully selected server metrics to efficiently distribute the workload of three-tier web applications among virtual machines. We experimentally characterised, using a private cloud running OpenStack, the load distribution ability of our proposed novel algorithm, as well as a baseline algorithm and round-robin algorithm. We compared the performance of the three algorithms by simulating resource failures and flash crowds, while carefully measuring response times. Our experimental results show that our approach improves average response times by 12.5% when compared to the baseline algorithm and 22.3% when compared to the round-robin algorithm in the flash crowds’ situation. In addition, average response time was improved by 20.7% when compared to the baseline algorithm and 21.4% when compared to the round-robin algorithm in resource failure situations. These experiments show that our novel algorithm is more resilient to fluctuating loads and resource failures than baseline algorithms.
In vitro cytocompatibility evaluation of nanostarch reinforced polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol conductive bionanocomposites for skin tissue engineering application
Authors: Switha D. , Basha S. Khaleel , Kumari V. Sugantha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to fabricate nanostarch (NS) reinforced polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol (PANI-PVA) bionanocomposite of polyaniline-polyvinyl alcohol-nanostarch for skin tissue engineering application. The microstructure of the bionanocomposite was analyzed using TEM and the particle size ranged from 35 to 37 nm. The swelling degree was increased with the increase in the concentration of nanostarch and displayed a greater hydrophilic surface leading to the increase in the absorption. The degradation index analysis was recorded with an increase in the weight loss of the scaffold which attributed to a strong hydrogen bond network. The bionanocomposites exhibited 70% to 82% of cytocompatibility towards L929 cells during the incubation period of day 1, day 4 and day 7. Hence, the novel bionanocomposite with the features of enhanced water-holding capacity, weight loss percentage and cytocompatibility made it suitable for the prospective use in skin tissue engineering applications.

Graphical abstract
Assessment of the vitamin D status and its determinants in young healthy students from Palestine
Authors: Lenz Janina Susann , Tintle Nathan , Kerlikowsky Felix , Badrasawi Manal , Zahdeh Rana , Qasrawi Radwan , Hahn Andreas , Schuchardt Jan Philipp 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high. Poor vitamin D status, especially in women, has been reported in several countries in the Middle East despite adequate year-round sunlight for vitamin D synthesis. However, data on vitamin D status in Palestine are scarce. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate vitamin D status based on serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D] among young healthy Palestinian students (18–27 years) and to assess associations between 25-(OH)D concentrations and several predictors. The mean 25-(OH)D concentration of women (n 151) was 27⋅2 ± 14⋅5 nmol/l, with the majority having insufficient (31⋅1 %) or deficient (<60 %) 25-(OH)D status. Only 7 % of women achieved sufficient or optimal 25-(OH)D status. In contrast, men (n 52) had a mean 25-(OH)D concentration of 58⋅3 ± 14⋅5 nmol/l, with none classified as deficient, and most obtaining sufficient (55⋅8 %) or even optimal 25-(OH)D status (11⋅5 %). Among women, 98 % wore a hijab and 74 % regularly used sunscreen. Daily dietary vitamin D intake (3-d 24-h recalls) was 45⋅1 ± 36⋅1 IU in the total group (no sex differences). After adjustment, multiple linear regression models showed significant associations between 25-(OH)D concentrations and the use of supplements (B = 0⋅069; P = 0⋅020) and dietary vitamin D (B = 0⋅001; P = 0⋅028). In gender-stratified analysis, the association between supplement use and 25-(OH)D concentrations was significant in women (B = 0⋅076; P = 0⋅040). The vitamin D status of women in the present cohort is critical and appears to be mainly due to wearing a hijab, regular use of sunscreen and low dietary vitamin D intake. The vitamin D status of the women should be improved by taking vitamin D containing supplements or fortified foods.
Class Conflict or Consensus? Understanding Social Partner Positions on Social Policy Reforms
Authors: Bender Benedikt 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the positions of unions and employer associations towards the level of unemployment benefits and active labour market policy (ALMP). These are prominent examples of social compensation and social investment policies respectively. The new dataset ‘Reform Monitor on Political Conflict’ (ReMoPo) is based on expert interviews and a systematic text analysis of all relevant press releases. Over a time-span of 14 years (2000-2014) the data clearly shows conflict between social partners on the level of unemployment benefits whilst there is consensus towards ALMP. I show that, for unemployment benefits, different motivations do lead to different positions. However, for ALMP, different motivations combine with overlapping interests, resulting in a common positive stance. The main theoretical implications of these findings were two-fold: firstly, the type of organisation does not predict positioning on welfare state issues, whereas pragmatic considerations do. Secondly, I suspect that the divergence of motivational factors combined with a consensus towards particular measures is specific to the concept of social investment. This is because social investments (training and qualification measures in this case) were expected to have the most far-reaching and long-lasting positive effects on both individuals and companies and were therefore supported by unions and employer associations.
Force tracking smooth adaptive admittance control in unknown environment
Authors: Liu Chengguo , Li Zeyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this research, a force tracking smoothing adaptive admittance controller is proposed that grants precise contact forces (performance necessary for many critical interaction tasks such as polishing) for unknown interaction environments (e.g., leather or thin and soft materials). First, an online indirect adaptive update strategy is proposed for generating the reference trajectory required by the desired tracking force, considering the uncertainty of the interaction. The sensor noise amplitude is environment dynamics and the necessity condition for traditional admittance controller to achieve ideal steady-state force tracking. Then, a pre-PD controller is introduced to increase the parameter convergence rate while ensuring the steady-state force tracking accuracy and enhancing the robustness of the system. The robustness boundary is also analyzed to provide assurance for the stability of the system. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in simulations. Simultaneously, an experiment is conducted on the AUBO-i5 serial collaborative robot, and the experimental results proved the excellent comprehensive performance of the control framework.
Visualising St Brendan’s: mapping a conservation management plan for Birr Community School
Authors: Boyd Gary A. , Mhearáin Aoibheann Ní , McLaughlin John , Kennedy Tara 
Published: March 2023

Paradigmatic of a cultural shift in Irish education in the 1960s, St Brendan’s Community School in Birr, County Offaly was designed by Peter and Mary Doyle as a flexible and extendable mat-building articulated by generous social spaces including exterior courtyards and an interior ‘street’. Owned by the Department of Education and Skills, administered by a Board of Management and occupied by approximately one thousand staff and pupils daily, St Brendan’s has been in continuous use since its opening in 1980. Generations of students have benefited from the intimate relationship between the cultural and social life of the school and the architectural form, fabric, and technology that facilitates it. But by the beginning of the twentieth-first century, due to the lack of consideration given to such aspects at the time it was conceived and constructed, the building was suffering from ongoing material degradation and issues in environmental performance.This article reflects on a research project undertaken on the school, which aimed to provide the means by which its learning environment and energy use could be improved and optimised in a manner consistent with the integrity of the architects’ conceptual thinking and built design: the opportunity for St Brendan’s to continue its course as a successful paradigm, this time for twenty-first-century education through the reconciliation of its future use with its social and education heritage. Guided by the ‘three dimensions of modernity’ - social, technical, and aesthetic - this process involved the development of new ‘ways of seeing’ and ‘methods of action’ applied to the school realised through the production of a series of representations that collectively identified, mapped, and re-presented the significances and values of the school, element by element. The relationships between these phenomena were complex and necessitated an innovative interdisciplinary approach.St Brendan’s may have embodied a radical new social agenda for education and indeed society in twentieth-century Ireland in its architecture, but the building remains unlisted and, until recently, its significance (nationally and internationally) has been much overlooked. Part of this project’s agenda, therefore, involved raising awareness in the value of the building among existing and potential future stakeholders. The creation of accessible forms of communication that would both synthesise and make clear the complex data generated and the relationships between them was of central importance to the team’s approach. The paper ultimately argues that while attuned to a specific site, these techniques contain the possibility of a wider application, a new visual literacy for the conservation of twentieth-century buildings.
Substorm Influences on Plasma Pressure and Current Densities Inside the Geosynchronous Orbit
Authors: Fu Haobo , Yue Chao , Zong Q.‐G. , Zhou XuZhi , Yu Yiqun , Li Yuxuan , Liu Jianjun , Hu Zejun , Yang Huigen , Reeves Geoffrey D. , Spence Harlan E. , Gerrard Andrew J. , Gkioulidou Matina , Mitchell Donald G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlasma in the inner magnetosphere is affected by various processes, such as substorms. In this study, we have statistically investigated the ring current properties based on the observations of Van Allen Probes from 2012 to 2019 to examine the substorm effects on the plasma pressure and current system in the inner magnetosphere. The results show that the plasma pressure increases significantly, leading to a ∼3 nT/hr geomagnetic depression during intense substorms. The contribution of <100 keV H+ ions to the plasma pressure increases during substorms, which is more significant at lower L‐shells. Opposite to the H+ ions, the proportion of >10 keV O+ ions contributing to the plasma pressure increases as substorm intensity increases. In addition, the rise of plasma pressure is mainly distributed from dusk to midnight, resulting in the enhancement of asymmetric ring current and the region II field‐aligned currents connecting to the ionosphere. Our results provide a comprehensive view of the variation of plasma pressure and current system in the inner magnetosphere during quiet periods and intense substorms.
Antipsychotic drug use complicates assessment of gene expression changes associated with schizophrenia
Authors: Schulmann Anton , Marenco Stefano , Vawter Marquis P. , Akula Nirmala , Limon Agenor , Mandal Ajeet , Auluck Pavan K. , Patel Yash , Lipska Barbara K. , McMahon Francis J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent postmortem transcriptomic studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) have shown hundreds of differentially expressed genes. However, the extent to which these gene expression changes reflect antipsychotic drug (APD) exposure remains uncertain. We compared differential gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of SCZ patients who tested positive for APDs at the time of death with SCZ patients who did not. APD exposure was associated with numerous changes in the brain transcriptome, especially among SCZ patients on atypical APDs. Brain transcriptome data from macaques chronically treated with APDs showed that APDs affect the expression of many functionally relevant genes, some of which show expression changes in the same directions as those observed in SCZ. Co-expression modules enriched for synaptic function showed convergent patterns between SCZ and some of the APD effects, while those associated with inflammation and glucose metabolism exhibited predominantly divergent patterns between SCZ and APD effects. In contrast, major cell-type shifts inferred in SCZ were primarily unaffected by APD use. These results show that APDs may confound SCZ-associated gene expression changes in postmortem brain tissue. Disentangling these effects will help identify causal genes and improve our neurobiological understanding of SCZ.
Hybrid molecular graphene transistor as an operando and optoelectronic platform
Authors: Trasobares Jorge , Martín-Romano Juan Carlos , Khaliq Muhammad Waqas , Ruiz-Gómez Sandra , Foerster Michael , Niño Miguel Ángel , Pedraz Patricia , Dappe Yannick. J. , de Ory Marina Calero , García-Pérez Julia , Acebrón María , Osorio Manuel Rodríguez , Magaz María Teresa , Gomez Alicia , Miranda Rodolfo , Granados Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLack of reproducibility hampers molecular devices integration into large-scale circuits. Thus, incorporating operando characterization can facilitate the understanding of multiple features producing disparities in different devices. In this work, we report the realization of hybrid molecular graphene field effect transistors (m-GFETs) based on 11-(Ferrocenyl)undecanethiol (FcC11SH) micro self-assembled monolayers (μSAMs) and high-quality graphene (Gr) in a back-gated configuration. On the one hand, Gr enables redox electron transfer, avoids molecular degradation and permits operando spectroscopy. On the other hand, molecular electrode decoration shifts the Gr Dirac point (VDP) to neutrality and generates a photocurrent in the Gr electron conduction regime. Benefitting from this heterogeneous response, the m-GFETs can implement optoelectronic AND/OR logic functions. Our approach represents a step forward in the field of molecular scale electronics with implications in sensing and computing based on sustainable chemicals.
Electrochemical oxidative difunctionalization of diazo compounds with two different nucleophiles
Authors: Yang Dongfeng , Guan Zhipeng , Peng Yanan , Zhu Shuxiang , Wang Pengjie , Huang Zhiliang , Alhumade Hesham , Gu Dong , Yi Hong , Lei Aiwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the fast development of synthetic chemistry, the introduction of functional group into organic molecules has attracted increasing attention. In these reactions, the difunctionalization of unsaturated bonds, traditionally with one nucleophile and one electrophile, is a powerful strategy for the chemical synthesis. In this work, we develop a different path of electrochemical oxidative difunctionalization of diazo compounds with two different nucleophiles. Under metal-free and external oxidant-free conditions, a series of structurally diverse heteroatom-containing compounds hardly synthesized by traditional methods (such as high-value alkoxy-substituted phenylthioacetates, α-thio, α-amino acid derivatives as well as α-amino, β-amino acid derivatives) are obtained in synthetically useful yields. In addition, the procedure exhibits mild reaction conditions, excellent functional-group tolerance and good efficiency on large-scale synthesis. Importantly, the protocol is also amenable to the key intermediate of bioactive molecules in a simple and practical process.
An epidemiological study on skin tumors of the elderly in a community in Shanghai, China
Authors: Huang Jianhua , Zhang Linglin , Shi Lei , Wu Minfeng , Lv Ting , Zhang Yunfeng , Lai Yongxian , Tu Qingfeng , Wang Xiuli , Wang Hongwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe morbidity of skin tumors (ST) in China is a great concern as the population ages. No epidemiological survey on ST in elderly communities in China has been reported. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the residents over 60 years old in a community in Shanghai, China from May 1, 2011 to November 30, 2011. The prevalence of cutaneous tumors and associated factors were analyzed. Among 2038 valid cases, a total of 78 (3.8%, 95% CI 3.0–4.7) skin cancers (SC) were confirmed. According to the final multivariate regression analysis, age, gender and previous occupation were the significantly influential factors for SC. Actinic keratosis (AK) accounted for the largest proportion (63, 3.1%) in SC. The head and neck was the physiological site with the highest incidence of SC (64, 82.1%), and AK was the most common (55, 87.3%) in head and neck SC. The common concomitant diseases of SC were hypertension (26, 33.3%) and diabetes mellitus (9, 11.5%). Seborrheic keratosis (SK) was the most common benign skin tumor with a prevalence of 100%. Men and women developed SK in significantly different parts of the body (P < 0.0001). The incidence of ST in the elderly population in Shanghai community increased with age. ST preferred to occur in the head and neck, which might be attributed to excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure in these areas. Therefore, early diagnosis and sun-protection education are essential interventions for ST in the elderly.
Assessing the relative impacts and economic costs of Japanese knotweed management methods
Authors: Hocking Sophie , Toop Trisha , Jones Daniel , Graham Ian , Eastwood Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSustainable land management encompasses a range of activity that balance land use requirements with wider conservation and ecosystem impact considerations. Perennial invasive alien plants (IAPs), such as Japanese knotweed, cause severe ecological and socio-economic impacts, and methods to control their spread also come at a cost. Synthetic herbicides are generally viewed as less sustainable and more ecologically damaging than alternative approaches. Here we used a comparative Life Cycle Assessment to evaluate the sustainability of herbicide-based management approaches and physical alternatives, using a large-scale Japanese knotweed field study as a model IAP system. Glyphosate-based methods elicited the lowest environmental impacts and economic costs during production. Geomembrane covering and integrated physiochemical methods were the costliest and imposed the greatest impacts. We discuss the costs and benefits of chemical and physical approaches for the sustainable management of invaded land and question how sustainable environmental stewardship is defined for the control of IAPs.
Automatic detection of punctate white matter lesions in infants using deep learning of composite images from two cases
Authors: Sun Xuyang , Niwa Tetsu , Okazaki Takashi , Kameda Sadanori , Shibukawa Shuhei , Horie Tomohiko , Kazama Toshiki , Uchiyama Atsushi , Hashimoto Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPunctate white matter lesions (PWMLs) in infants may be related to neurodevelopmental outcomes based on the location or number of lesions. This study aimed to assess the automatic detectability of PWMLs in infants on deep learning using composite images created from several cases. To create the initial composite images, magnetic resonance (MR) images of two infants with the most PWMLs were used; their PWMLs were extracted and pasted onto MR images of infants without abnormality, creating many composite PWML images. Deep learning models based on a convolutional neural network, You Only Look Once v3 (YOLOv3), were constructed using the training set of 600, 1200, 2400, and 3600 composite images. As a result, a threshold of detection probability of 20% and 30% for all deep learning model sets yielded a relatively high sensitivity for automatic PWML detection (0.908–0.957). Although relatively high false-positive detections occurred with the lower threshold of detection probability, primarily, in the partial volume of the cerebral cortex (≥ 85.8%), those can be easily distinguished from the white matter lesions. Relatively highly sensitive automatic detection of PWMLs was achieved by creating composite images from two cases using deep learning.
Hiat1 as a new transporter involved in ammonia regulation
Authors: Fehsenfeld Sandra , Quijada-Rodriguez Alex R. , Zhouyao Haonan , Durant Andrea C. , Donini Andrew , Sachs Maria , Eck Peter , Weihrauch Dirk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe orphan transporter hippocampus-abundant transcript 1 (Hiat1) was first identified in the mammalian brain. Its specific substrate specificity, however, has not been investigated to date. Here, we identified and analyzed Hiat1 in a crustacean, the green crab Carcinus maenas. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that Hiat1 protein is conserved at a considerable level between mammals and this invertebrate (ca. 78% identical and conserved amino acids). Functional expression of Carcinus maenas Hiat1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes demonstrated the capability to transport ammonia (likely NH4+) in a sodium-dependent manner. Furthermore, applying quantitative polymerase chain reaction, our results indicated a physiological role for Carcinus maenas Hiat1 in ammonia homeostasis, as mRNA abundance increased in posterior gills in response to elevated circulating hemolymph ammonia upon exposure to high environmental ammonia. Its ubiquitous mRNA expression pattern also suggests an essential role in general cellular detoxification of ammonia. Overall, our results introduce a new ubiquitously expressed ammonia transporter, consequently demanding revision of our understanding of ammonia handling in key model systems from mammalian kidneys to crustacean and fish gills.