bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Strong and Transparent Biomimetic Nanocomposite through Orientation Effects and In Situ Biomineralization
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Chen Zehong , Zhuo Hao , Zhong Chunyan , Shi Ge , Liu Tanglong , Huang Xiaofang , Zhong Linxin , Peng Xinwen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe fascinating mechanical property of biomaterials in nature to support living organisms largely relies on their hierarchical and ordered structures. However, for the current biomimetic materials, their organic–inorganic heterostructures typically exhibit poor uniformity, weak interfacial bonding, and various defects, limiting the breakthrough in strength and toughness. Herein, an ultra‐strong and transparent biomimetic nanocomposite is presented by combining orientation effects and in situ biomineralization to precisely engineer each level of the hierarchy. The orientation of nanofiber provides long‐range and order matrix to remarkably eliminate defects, promote multi‐scale interfacial bonding and increase the crystalline degree and size of organic matrix; while the in situ mineralization of amorphous inorganic oligomers firmly welds the organic–inorganic interface together to form a continuous and homogeneous monolithic structure. Due to the unique structural features, the nanocomposite exhibits a tensile strength of up to 1168.1 ± 10.2 MPa and a toughness of 34.1 ± 0.8 MJ m−3. Furthermore, the nanocomposite film is imparted with high transparence and anisotropic optical properties. This work is expected to provide insights into the design of high‐performance biomineralized materials from structural coupling to precisely controlling interfaces and microstructure.
Photo‐Cross‐Linkable, Injectable, and Highly Adhesive GelMA‐Glycol Chitosan Hydrogels for Cartilage Repair
Authors: Paul Sattwikesh , Schrobback Karsten , Tran Phong Anh , Meinert Christoph , Davern Jordan William , Weekes Angus , Klein Travis Jacob 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydrogels provide a promising platform for cartilage repair and regeneration. Although hydrogels have shown some efficacy, they still have shortcomings including poor mechanical properties and suboptimal integration with surrounding cartilage. Herein, hydrogels that are injectable, cytocompatible, mechanically robust, and highly adhesive to cartilage are developed. This approach uses GelMA‐glycol chitosan (GelMA‐GC) that is crosslinkable with visible light and photoinitiators (lithium acylphosphinate and tris (2,2′‐bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II) hexahydrate ([RuII(bpy)3]2+ and sodium persulfate (Ru/SPS)). Ru/SPS‐cross‐linked hydrogels have higher compressive and tensile modulus, and most prominently higher adhesive strength with cartilage, which also depends on inclusion of GC. Tensile and push‐out tests of the Ru/SPS‐cross‐linked GelMA‐GC hydrogels demonstrate adhesive strength of ≈100 and 46 kPa, respectively. Hydrogel precursor solutions behave in a Newtonian manner and are injectable. After injection in focal bovine cartilage defects and in situ cross‐linking, this hydrogel system remains intact and integrated with cartilage following joint manipulation ex vivo. Cells remain viable (>85%) in the hydrogel system and further show tissue regeneration potential after three weeks of in vitro culture. These preliminary results provide further motivation for future research on bioadhesive hydrogels for cartilage repair and regeneration.
Hexaazatriphenylene Based Polyimide with Dense Dual Redox Sites as a High‐Performance Organic Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Gao Feng , Liu Dong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOrganic polymers are promising candidates as cathode materials for lithium storage, however, suffer from low theoretical capacity due to the presence of multiple inactive components in the polymers. Herein, a novel hexaazatriphenylene‐based polyimide with high theoretical capacity (436 mAh g−1) is developed via the precise design of monomers and controllable synthesis of corresponding polymers. The as‐prepared polymers possess rich edge pyrazine nitrogen (C═N) and carbonyl groups (C═O), well‐defined porosity, and conjugated structure, benefiting for high capacity, rapid ion and charge transport. The resultant polymers electrode achieves a high specific capacity of 303 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, high‐rate capability (171 mAh g−1 even at 8 C, 1 C = 400 mA g−1), and stable cycle performance with a high capacity retention of 93.8% at 500 mA g−1 over 200 cycles. Combined experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that both C═O and C═N sites in the polyimide are served as redox sites for lithium storage, providing high specific capacity. This work offers a novel approach for the development of polymeric cathode materials with dense redox sites for next‐generation energy‐dense batteries.
Structural Electronic Skin for Conformal Tactile Sensing
Authors: Li Sen , Huang Jiantao , Wang Meilan , Deng Ka , Guo Chenhui , Li Bin , Cheng Yu , Sun Hongyan , Ye Hong , Pan Tingrui , Chang Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe conformal integration of the electronic skin on the non‐developable surface is in great demand for the comprehensive tactile sensing of robotics and prosthetics. However, the current techniques still encounter obstacles in achieving conformal integration of film‐like electronic skin on non‐developable surfaces with substantial curvatures for contact pressure detection and tactile mapping. In this paper, by utilizing the 3D printing technology to prepare the 3D electrode array in the structural component following its surface curvature, and covering it with a molded functional shell to form the pressure sensitive iontronic interface, a device is proposed to achieve high‐sensitive pressure detection and high‐fidelity tactile mapping on a complicated non‐developable surface, called structural electronic skin (SES). The SES is prepared in a 3D printed fingertip with 46 tactile sensing units distributed on its curved surface, achieving the integration of both structural and tactile functions in a single component. By integrating the smart fingertip into a dexterous hand, a series of demonstrations are presented to show the dead‐zone free pressure detection and tactile mapping with high sensitivity, for instance, 2D pulse wave monitoring and robotic injection in a medical robot, object recognition and compliant control in a smart prosthesis.
Enhanced efficiency urea fertilizers and timing effects on N2O emissions from spring wheat production in Manitoba
Authors: Wood Matthew D. , Gao Xiaopeng , Tiessen Kevin H. D. , Tenuta Mario , Flaten Donald N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOpportunities exist to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitrogen (N) fertilizers using enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) and managing application timing. This study examined (1) application timing (fall/spring) and (2) fertilizer N source on N2O emissions, yield, and N uptake of Canadian hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Southern Manitoba. Fertilizer N sources included granular urea and four EEF products: (1) polymer‐coated urea (environmentally smart nitrogen [ESN]); (2) urea plus nitrification inhibitor (eNtrench); (3) urea plus urease inhibitor (Limus); and (4) urea plus nitrification and urease inhibitor (SuperU). Nitrification‐inhibited products most consistently reduced N2O emissions while maintaining productivity. Compared to urea alone, urea + eNtrench was most effective in reducing cumulative N2O emissions by 47%–64% at four of six site‐years. SuperU reduced N2O emissions by 37%–57% at three of six site‐years. ESN and urea + Limus did not affect emissions in most years. Wheat yield, protein, and N uptake were unaffected by N source in five of six site‐years. Compared to spring, fall application gave greater N2O emissions by 33%–67% at three of six site‐years due to spring‐thaw emissions. Fall was inferior to spring application in wetter site years with lower yield, protein, and N uptake. Overall, nitrification‐inhibited products—either alone or with a urease inhibitor—are a promising tool to reduce N2O emissions while maintaining wheat productivity in Manitoba. However, given that there were few consistent increases in yield or protein, the additional cost of the inhibitors will be a barrier to adoption.
Grazing cover crops: How does it influence soils and crops?
Authors: Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Wilke Karla , Holman Johnathon , Creech Cody F. , Obour Augustine K. , Anderson Lindsey 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGrazing cover crops (CCs) can potentially generate economic benefits, but how this practice affects soils and crop production compared with non‐grazed CCs is not well understood. We reviewed all published literature up to June 30, 2023, on grazing CCs to evaluate how this practice impacts soils and crop production and discuss potential factors that may influence grazing CC effects. The emerging literature indicates that 18%–92% of CC biomass was removed when grazed. Grazing CCs increased soil bulk density and penetration resistance (compaction indicators) in 54% of cases (six of 11 studies). However, the increase in soil compaction as measured by penetration resistance generally remained below the root‐growth threshold level (<2 MPa). Grazing CCs had small and mixed effects on soil C concentration, wet aggregate stability, water infiltration, water retention, and soil microbial biomass. In addition, grazing did not affect subsequent crop yields in 61% of cases (eight of 13 studies) or had variable effects. Grazing at high stocking rates or when soils are wet can result in soil compaction and potentially reduce subsequent crop yields. Additional long‐term (>5 years) data are needed to better discern CC grazing implications for different climates, stocking rates, soil types, CC grazing infrastructure, and CC management practices. Particularly, data on CC grazing from water‐limited regions (i.e., semi‐arid regions) are scant. Success with CCs in water‐limited regions depends on timely precipitation input unless irrigated. Overall, grazing of CCs under proper management has small or no effects on soils and crop yields.
Volunteer rapeseed infestation and management in corn
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Singh Vijay , Flessner Michael , Reiter Mark S. , Kuhar Thomas , Mirsky Steven 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different termination timings for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cover crop on biomass production, termination efficiency, and volunteer infestation in the successive cash crop (corn, Zea mays), and control of volunteer rapeseed with herbicides. Delaying termination from 28 days before planting corn (DBP) to 14, 5, or 1 DBP, increased rapeseed biomass by 85%, 148%, and 158%, respectively. Rapeseed termination efficiency was greatest 28 DBP (99%) followed by 14 DBP (92%) and 5 DBP (89%) with the combined use of a roller‐crimper and 2,4‐D [2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid] + glufosinate [2‐amino‐4‐(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid]. The sole use of roller‐crimper 1 DBP provided only 56% termination efficiency. Zero volunteer plants were observed in successive cash crops with the 28 DBP termination treatment; however, at 14, 5, and 1 DBP termination, the number of volunteer rapeseed plants m−2 were 5, 12, and 22, respectively. Regression analysis showed that variation in volunteer rapeseed density can be explained better by termination efficiency (R2 = 0.80) as compared to rapeseed biomass at termination (R2 = 0.46). Among pre‐emergence (PRE) herbicides, mesotrione [2‐(4‐mesyl‐2‐nitrobenzoyl)‐3‐hydroxycylohex‐2‐enone], rimsulfuron [N‐[[(4,6‐dimethoxy‐2‐pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]‐3‐(ethylsulfonyl)‐2‐pyridinesulfonamide], and flumioxazin {2‐[7‐fluoro‐3,4‐dihydro‐3‐oxo‐4‐(2‐propynyl)‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐6‐yl]‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐isoindole‐1,3(2H)‐dione} provided more than 95% volunteer rapeseed control, and 92%–94% control with PRE‐application of atrazine [6‐chloro‐N‐ethyl‐N9‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine], isoxaflutole [(5‐cyclopropyl‐4‐isoxazolyl)[2‐(methylsulfonyl)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐phenyl]methanone], metribuzin [4‐amino‐6‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐3‐(methylthio)‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(4H)‐one], and pyroxasulfone [3‐[[[5‐(difluoromethoxy)‐1‐methyl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]methyl]sulfonyl]‐4,5‐dihydro‐5,5‐dimethylisoxazole]. Among post‐emergence (POST) herbicides, atrazine and glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine] provided 99% control of rapeseed followed by glufosinate (89%). Results indicate that ineffective or delayed termination of rapeseed can result in volunteer infestation in successive crops, which can be controlled by tested PRE and POST herbicides at an early stage.
Genetic variation of tea plant in Ningde and its adjacent regions revealed by single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping
Authors: Zhu Yanyu , Fan Xiaojing , Yu Wentao , Liu Caiguo , Wang Pan , Wei Mingxiu , Lu Mingji , Lv Shuiyuan , Cai Chunping , Ye Naixing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNingde (ND), situated in China's prominent tea‐producing region, is recognized as the origin of white tea. It also boasts a wealth of premium tea germplasm resources, which are of vital importance in tea breeding programs. In this investigation, utilizing nanofluidic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping technology, the genetic diversity and population structure of tea germplasms sourced from ND and its surrounding regions were scrutinized. A comprehensive collection of 101 tea plant germplasm accessions sourced from ND and its neighboring regions was acquired. Our analysis identified 75 stable and reliable SNP loci that demonstrated the rich genetic diversity of the ND tea germplasms, with an average observed heterozygosity of 0.411 and an expected heterozygosity of 0.382. Notably, the multiple analyses based on high‐quality SNPs revealed that the wild‐type landraces of tea plants in ND are genetically distinct from the cultivars. The analysis of molecular variance results suggested that intrapopulation variation contributed to 79% of the total genetic variation. Moreover, tea plant germplasms in ND interacted with the genetic material of landraces in Nanping and Lishui. Overall, our study provides essential insights into the genetic diversity, relationship, and conservation of ND tea germplasms and lays a molecular basis for innovative utilization and breeding improvement of tea plant germplasms.
Bipolar membrane electrodialysis: A promising paradigm for caustic soda production
Authors: Wang Huangying , Wang Yang , Yan Junying , Fu Rong , Wang Baoying , Jiang Chenxiao , Wang Yaoming , Xu Tongwen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCurrently, a supply‐demand imbalance between NaOH and Cl2 in the chlor‐alkali process places a great burden on the environment. Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is a competitive technology to produce acid and base due to its water splitting characteristics. To determine the competitiveness of NaOH production between BMED and the chlor‐alkali method, BMED was evaluated at various current densities with different NaCl concentrations. Results show that NaOH energy consumption in BMED is less than that of the chlor‐alkali method at a moderate salt concentration (<9 wt.%). Interestingly, the stack voltage suddenly increases during the later stage of BMED. It is speculated that the high osmotic pressure surrounding bipolar membranes restrains water transport into the interfacial layer. In addition, economic assessment indicates that BMED has less impact on global warming than the chlor‐alkali process. Overall, the BMED technique is a promising paradigm for base production in an economical and sustainable manner.
Sex differences in risk factors, burden, and outcomes of cerebrovascular disease in Alzheimer's disease populations
Authors: Morrison Cassandra , Dadar Mahsa , Collins Donald Louis ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhite matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with cognitive decline and progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. It remains unclear if sex differences influence WMH progression or the relationship between WMH and cognition.METHODSLinear mixed models examined the relationship between risk factors, WMHs, and cognition in males and females.RESULTSMales exhibited increased WMH progression in occipital, but lower progression in frontal, total, and deep than females. For males, history of hypertension was the strongest contributor, while in females, the vascular composite was the strongest contributor to WMH burden. WMH burden was more strongly associated with decreases in global cognition, executive functioning, memory, and functional activities in females than males.DISCUSSIONControlling vascular risk factors may reduce WMH in both males and females. For males, targeting hypertension may be most important to reduce WMHs. The results have implications for therapies/interventions targeting cerebrovascular pathology and subsequent cognitive decline.HighlightsHypertension is the main vascular risk factor associated with WMH in malesA combination of vascular risk factors contributes to WMH burden in femalesOnly small WMH burden differences were observed between sexesFemales’ cognition was more negatively impacted by WMH burden than malesFemales with WMHs may have less resilience to future pathology
Understanding the Role of Fluorine Groups in Passivating Defects for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqing , Yang Guangyue , Zhang Bingqian , Wang Linqin , Yin Yanfeng , Zhang Fengshan , Yu Shitao , Liu Shiwei , Bu Hongkai , Zhou Zhongmin , Sun Licheng , Pang Shuping , Guo Xin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroducing fluorine (F) groups into a passivator plays an important role in enhancing the defect passivation effect for the perovskite film, which is usually attributed to the direct interaction of F and defect states. However, the interaction between electronegative F and electron‐rich passivation groups in the same molecule, which may influence the passivation effect, is ignored. We herein report that such interactions can vary the electron cloud distribution around the passivation groups and thus changing their coordination with defect sites. By comparing two fluorinated molecules, heptafluorobutylamine (HFBM) and heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA), we find that the F/−NH2 interaction in HFBM is stronger than the F/−COOH one in HFBA, inducing weaker passivation ability of HFBM than HFBA. Accordingly, HFBA‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) provide an efficiency of 24.70 % with excellent long‐term stability. Moreover, the efficiency of a large‐area perovskite module (14.0 cm2) based on HFBA reaches 21.13 %. Our work offers an insight into understanding an unaware role of the F group in impacting the passivation effect for the perovskite film.
Gallium Sulfide Quantum Dots with Zinc Sulfide and Alumina Shells Showing Efficient Deep Blue Emission
Authors: Saha Avijit , Yadav Ranjana , Aldakov Dmitry , Reiss Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSolution‐processed quantum dot (QD) based blue emitters are of paramount importance in the field of optoelectronics. Despite large research efforts, examples of efficient deep blue/near UV‐emitting QDs remain rare due to lack of luminescent wide band gap materials and high defect densities in the existing ones. Here, we introduce a novel type of QDs based on heavy metal free gallium sulfide (Ga2S3) and their core/shell heterostructures Ga2S3/ZnS as well as Ga2S3/ZnS/Al2O3. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of core Ga2S3 QDs exhibit various decay pathways due to intrinsic defects, resulting in a broad overall PL spectrum. We show that the overgrowth of the Ga2S3 core QDs with a ZnS shell results in the suppression of the intrinsic defect‐mediated states leading to efficient deep‐blue emission at 400 nm. Passivation of the core/shell structure with amorphous alumina yields a further enhancement of the PL quantum yield approaching 50 % and leads to an excellent optical and colloidal stability. Finally, we develop a strategy for the aqueous phase transfer of the obtained QDs retaining 80 % of the initial fluorescence intensity.
Production of alginate‐based emulsion microgel particles to encapsulate soybean oil emulsions stabilized by whey protein aggregates using an air‐atomization system
Authors: Niizawa Ignacio , Sihufe Guillermo A. , Zorrilla Susana E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEncapsulation is a popular approach used to incorporate lipophilic bioactive molecules in food matrices. In the present work, soybean oil emulsions with different oil volume fractions (ϕ = 0.17 and ϕ = 0.26) stabilized by whey protein aggregates (WPAg), were mixed with sodium alginate (SA) suspensions and atomized over a calcium gelling bath using an airbrush atomization system to obtain emulsion microgel particles (EMP). Rheological measurements of the mixtures of microgel‐stabilized emulsions and SA suspensions showed a significant increase in viscosity when the oil volume fraction was increased. The analysis of the flow curves showed that viscosity decreased with the increase of shear rate for both systems indicating shear thinning behavior. No difference in the size distribution curves of EMP obtained with different oil fractions was observed. The average and span values were 509 ± 56 μm, 1.14 ± 0.08 (ϕ = 0.17), and 527 ± 51 μm, 1.19 ± 0.06 (ϕ = 0.26). The encapsulation efficiency in both cases was acceptable (89 ± 5% for ϕ = 0.17 and 74 ± 8% for ϕ = 0.26), and none of the microparticles showed oil release after 2 months of storage. Results showed that the airbrush atomization system to obtain alginate‐based EMP is simple, low‐cost, and does not require heating, making it appropriate for the effective encapsulation of labile lipophilic compounds in the food industry.
Discovery of a Novel Missense Variant in NLRP3 Causing Atypical Cryopyrin‐Associated Periodic Syndromes With Hearing Loss as the Primary Presentation, Responsive to Anti–Interleukin‐1 Therapy
Authors: Birk‐Bachar Merav , Cohen Hadar , Sofrin‐Drucker Efrat , Kropach‐Gilad Nesia , Orenstein Naama , Lidzbarsky Gabriel , Kornreich Liora , Tal Rotem , Amarilyo Gil , Levinsky Yoel , Sokolov Meirav , Raveh Eyal , Gerlic Motti , Harel Liora 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveCryopyrin‐associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), also known as NLRP3‐associated autoinflammatory diseases, are a spectrum of rare autoinflammatory diseases caused by gain‐of‐function variants in the NLRP3 gene, resulting in inflammasome hyperactivation and dysregulated release of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Many patients with CAPS develop progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) because of cochlear autoinflammation, which may be the sole manifestation in rare cases. This study was undertaken to establish the suspected diagnosis of CAPS in a family presenting with autosomal‐dominant progressive/acute SNHL and a novel missense variant in the NLRP3 gene of unknown significance (NM_001079821.3:c.1784G>A p.Ser595Asn).MethodsWe conducted an ex vivo functional assessment of the NLRP3 inflammasome in heterozygous individuals (n = 10) and healthy family members (n = 5).ResultsThe assay revealed hyperactivation of the inflammasome among heterozygous individuals, supporting the hypothesis that this missense variant is a pathogenic gain‐of‐function variant. Administration of IL‐1 receptor antagonist resulted in a substantial clinical improvement among pediatric patients, who exhibited near resolution of hearing impairment within 1 to 3 months of treatment.ConclusionOur findings highlight the crucial role of early diagnosis and treatment with an anti–IL‐1 agent in reversing cochlear damage. Furthermore, our results suggest that high‐ and ultrahigh‐frequency ranges need to be included in the auditory assessment to enable early detection of subclinical SNHL. Finally, incorporating functional inflammasome assessment as part of the clinical evaluation could establish the diagnosis in inconclusive cases.image