bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges encountered by nonprofit employees during the COVID‐19 crisis: A mirror reflecting nonprofit leaders' performance
Authors: Kwan Chi Kin , Ling Henry Wai Hang , Shum Michelle Hei Yan , Wong Keith Tsz Wai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNonprofit organizations faced enormous challenges in maintaining service operations and fulfilling their responsibilities to their communities during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Good leadership is key to ensuring effective responses and the survival of nonprofits during a crisis. Leaders must maintain the commitment, passion, and dedication of their teams even during uncertain and difficult times. Hence, this study explored the performance of nonprofit leaders during the COVID‐19 pandemic by focusing on the difficulties encountered by their frontline staff. In a qualitative paradigm, three focus group sessions were conducted with 23 social workers from child and youth, family, and elderly care services in Hong Kong. We generated four major themes related to the expectations of nonprofit employees on their leaders: (a) visionary direction, (b) compassionate respect and communication, (c) timely support and guidance, and (d) trustworthy relationship. Our findings revealed the frustration experienced by nonprofit employees and have significant implications for their leaders. Specifically, nonprofit employees expected to receive more guidance, protection, and understanding from their leaders. Using the transformational leadership model as a reference, this study provides suggestions on how nonprofit organizations can effectively address the concerns of their employees during a crisis.
Elliptic operators with discontinuous coefficients in meshfree GFDM
Authors: Kraus Heinrich , Kuhnert Jörg , Meister Andreas , Suchde Pratik 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn phase change simulations, material properties such as density, viscosity, or thermal conductivity may exhibit jump discontinuities, possibly of several orders of magnitude. These jump discontinuities represent interfaces between the phases, and they emerge naturally during the simulation; thus, their exact location is generally unknown a priori. Our goal is to simulate phase change processes with a meshfree generalized finite difference method in a monolithic model without distinguishing between the different phases. There, the material properties mentioned above appear as coefficients inside elliptic operators in divergence form and the jumps must be treated adequately by the numerical method. We present a numerical method for discretizing elliptic operators with discontinuous coefficients without the need for a domain decomposition or tracking of interfaces. Our method facilitates the construction of diagonally dominant diffusion operators that lead to M‐matrices for the discrete Poisson's equation, and thus, satisfy the discrete maximum principle. We demonstrate the applicability of the new method for the case of smooth diffusivity and discontinuous diffusivity. We show that the method is first‐order accurate for discontinuous diffusion problems and provides second‐order and fourth‐order convergence for continuous diffusion coefficients.
Numerical 3D‐bifurcation analysis of star‐shaped crack patterns using the energy method
Authors: Jesch‐Weigel Nico , Hofmann Martin , Wallmersperger Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present research deals with a three‐dimensional (3D) Finite Element Method (FEM) bifurcation analysis based on the global mechanical potential that can be used to find the parameters at which a crack pattern changes. In our case we want to analyze at which point the star‐shaped shrinkage cracks in an aqueous colloidal suspension filled in a glass cylinder change from four to three or two cracks growing. The driving force for the crack growth is shrinkage caused by diffusion controlled drying. The 3D crack front geometry is described efficiently by using a Fourier series approach. Based on steady‐state crack growth, the Fourier coefficients are determined in a first step using an optimization algorithm. As a result, the time dependent crack growth can be determined. In a second step, the bifurcation point is determined by an eigenvalue analysis of the second order derivatives of the potential energy of the system. If the lowest eigenvalue reaches zero the fundamental solution becomes unstable and a transition will occur. Our analysis shows that the transition from four to two cracks is preferred over the transition from four to three cracks.
Designing and validating novel communication measures for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult oncology care and research: The PedCOM measures
Authors: Sisk Bryan A. , Newman Amy R. , Chen Dandan , Mack Jennifer W. , Reeve Bryce B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐quality communication in pediatric and adolescent cancer is the standard of care. Yet, we lack pediatric‐specific communication measures. We designed self‐report and caregiver‐report communication measures for use in pediatric oncology settings.MethodsWe recruited adolescent and young adults (AYAs; 12–24 years) with cancer and parents of children and AYAs between 1 month post‐diagnosis and 2 months after completing treatment. Participants completed measures including 58 questions addressing eight previously characterized communication functions. For each function, we conducted factor analysis, and assessed reliability and construct validity. Based on psychometric properties, we created final long‐form (31 items) and short‐form (eight items) communication measures (PedCOM) for both self‐ and caregiver‐report.ResultsParticipants included 200 parents and 88 AYAs. The final 31‐item and eight‐item PedCOM measures for parents and AYAs demonstrated good unidimensional model fit. Each communication function (e.g., building relationships) demonstrated high reliability, coefficient alphas ranged from .83 to .93 for parents and .85 to .93 for AYAs. The overall 31‐item and eight‐item PedCOM measures also demonstrated high reliability (alphas >.9). For construct validity, PedCOM‐Parent‐31 and PedCOM‐Parent‐8 correlated positively with satisfaction with care, trust, emotional self‐management, and decisional satisfaction, and negatively with anxiety and caregiver burden. PedCOM‐AYA‐31 and PedCOM‐AYA‐8 correlated positively with satisfaction with care, trust, emotional self‐management, symptoms self‐management, and decisional satisfaction, and negatively with anxiety.DiscussionWe developed valid and reliable measures of communication functions for parents and AYAs with cancer. These measures can support organizations and stakeholder groups that are striving to improve the quality of cancer care.
Improving electrolyte performance: Nanocomposite solid polymer electrolyte films with cobalt oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Jayalakshmi K. , Ismayil  , Hegde Shreedatta , Sanjeev Ganesh , Murari M. S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present work gives an insight into the structural, thermal, and electrical analysis of novel nanocomposite solid polymer electrolyte films prepared using the solution casting technique by incorporating cobalt oxide nanoparticles into methyl cellulose‐magnesium acetate polymer electrolyte matrix. The impact of ceramic oxide on the complexation of the salt with the polymer chain is evident from FTIR analysis. The crystallinity of the electrolyte systems decreases upon the incorporation of nanofiller into the matrix. Electrochemical Impedance Analysis of the samples shows enhancement in the conductivity of the electrolytes. Nanocomposite electrolyte systems with 2 wt% (5.93 × 10−4 S/cm) and 3 wt% (5.77 × 10−4 S/cm) of cobalt oxide exhibit maximum room temperature ionic conductivity compared to other electrolyte systems. DSC thermogram reveals the creation of free volume in the matrix with the incorporation of the filler. A primary battery is fabricated using the nanocomposite electrolyte system with 3 wt% of the nanofiller, and its open circuit potential and discharge characteristics have been analyzed.Highlights
Novel nanocomposite SPEs with cobalt oxide were prepared via solution casting.
FTIR and XRD studies revealed modification in the microstructure.
Cobalt oxide incorporation enhanced ionic conductivity of SPE.
A primary battery fabricated using the highest conducting SPE.
Anticoagulant drug–drug interactions with cannabinoids: A systematic review
Authors: Smythe Maureen A. , Wu Wendy , Garwood Candice L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis systematic review evaluates the extent to which the effect of anticoagulants may be altered in the presence of cannabinoids. The following databases were searched: EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PscycINFO, and CINAHL from database inception through May 2023. Search terms included cannabis AND anticoagulant AND drug interactions and related keywords. The major outcome was hemorrhage or thrombosis and if available the relative change in quantitative intensity of anticoagulation after cannabinoid exposure. The search generated 959 citations. After the removal of 440 duplicates, 519 citations were screened. Overall, with the exception of warfarin, evidence supporting an interaction between cannabinoids and anticoagulants is non‐existent. Seven case reports evaluating an interaction with warfarin were reported. Cannabis doses involved were either extremely high (e.g., >260 mg/day of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabidiol [THC] or >600 mg/day of cannabidiol [CBD]) or were not known. Hemorrhage was identified in 14.2% (1/7) of reports and thrombosis in 0%. Quantitative anticoagulation levels were increased in patients on warfarin (elevated International Normalized Ratio [INR]) in six of seven cases. A maximum INR change was available in five of seven reports, ranging from +0.4 to +9.61. One report found no change in INR after 4 days of medical cannabis exposure. Another report outlined two separate episodes of INR elevation associated with bleeding requiring hospitalization and reversal after marijuana smoking. Four cases involved reduction in weekly warfarin dose ranging from 22% to 31%. The Drug Information Probability Score was calculated in six cases, with a score of probable for five cases and possible for one. Very low‐quality data support a potential drug–drug interaction with warfarin and both THC and CBD. Clinician recognition of this potential interaction is important. Available evidence supports the need to conduct a drug interaction study between cannabinoids and warfarin to clarify the existence of an interaction.
High strength, high stiffness and toughness, defect‐tolerant waterborne polyurethane with healing and antibacterial abilities
Authors: Li Shanshan , Lin Xinghuan , Gong Shuling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe nature creates many biomaterials such as spider silk which exhibits a combination of stiffness, strength and toughness. However, most of synthetic unfilled materials suffer from a trade‐off between toughness and stiffness. Inspired by the structure of spider silk but beyond it, we proposed a novel molecular design to achieve transparent unfilled waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with simultaneously enhanced stiffness (280.9 MPa), tensile strength (25.1 MPa) and toughness (140.0 MJ/m3) as well as good elasticity (710%). The designed WPU comprised homogeneous continuous phase (soft segments) and diverse H‐bonds (hard segments) dispersed in it. The increase of rigid molecular chain content and H‐bonds contributed to the high stiffness of WPU. Furthermore, the mismatch of stiffness between hard domains and soft segments might promote crack deflection and branching, which endowed the robust WPU with fracture energy of 81.16 kJ/m2. The robust WPU film could be healed to recover most of its original mechanical properties (strength for 24.4 MPa and elongation for 610%) under heating. In addition, the WPU films demonstrated good antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli after chlorination.
Matrix Models and Non‐Abelian T Dual of AdS5×S5$AdS_5 \times S^5$
Authors: Roychowdhury Dibakar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEuclidean Wilson loops for BMN Plane Wave Matrix Models is computed. The stringy counterpart of these Wilson loops corresponds to various semi‐classical open string embedding that probe a class of half BPS geometries in Type IIA supergravity. These geometries fall under the general category of Lin‐Lunin and Maldacena (LLM). As a special class of solutions within the LLM category, Wilson operators corresponding to the non‐Abelian T dual (NATD) of is constructed. The analysis shows close agreement between matrix model and string theory calculations.
Functional diversity of voltage‐gated sodium channel in Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)
Authors: Yuan Linlin , Zhang Kun , Wang Zhenglei , Xian Limin , Liu Kaiyang , Wu Shaoying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe larvae of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura feed directly inside the fruit, causing catastrophic damage to orchards. The misuse of pyrethroid insecticides during the control period has led to increasing resistance of D. suzukii to pyrethroids acting on the voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC).RESULTSIn this study, the sodium channel of D. suzukii was cloned (DsNav5 GenBank number: OQ871532). The results of multiple‐sequence alignment showed that the homology of sodium channel between D. suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster was as high as 95.3%. Analysis of transcripts from 62 variants of D. suzukii VGSC revealed a total of six alternative splicing sites (exons u, j, a, b, e, and h) and 33 RNA editing. Exons j, a, b, e, and h are conserved in D. melanogaster and other insects, whereas exon u has never been reported before. The number of A‐to‐I was distinctly more than that of U‐to‐C for RNA editing. All D. suzukii VGSC variants were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, but only one (type 5) was able to produce robust currents and nine produce weak currents. DsNav5 with TipE of D. melanogaster co‐expresses current better than its own TipE. Subsequently, tetrodotoxin was verified to be a blocker of VGSC, and the gating properties of DsNav5 were investigated.CONCLUSIONThese findings proved that the VGSC of D. suzukii has not only the basic gating properties, but also the diversity of gating properties. This study also laid a foundation for the study of pyrethroid resistance mechanism of VGSC in D. suzukii. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Serratia marcescens induces apoptosis in Diaphorina citri gut cells via reactive oxygen species‐mediated oxidative stress
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhao Chongfei , Zheng Rongkun , Duan Shuo , Lu Zhanjun , Zhang Zhixiang , Yi Long , Zhang Ning 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAsian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is a notorious pest in the citrus industry because it transmits Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, which causes an uncurable, devastating disease in citrus worldwide. Serratia marcescens is widely distributed in various environments that exhibits toxic effects to many insects. To develop strategies for enhancing the efficiency of pathogen‐induced host mortality, a better understanding of the toxicity mechanism of Serratia marcescens on Diaphorina citri is critical.RESULTSSerratia marcescens KH‐001 successfully colonized Diaphorina citri gut by feeding artificial diets, resulting in the damage of cells including nucleus, mitochondria, vesicles, and microvilli. Oral ingestion of Serratia marcescens KH‐001 strongly induced apoptosis in gut cells by enhancing levels of Cyt c, p53 and caspase‐1 and decreasing levels of inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) and Bax inhibitor‐1 (BI‐1). The expression of dual oxidase (Duox) and nitric oxide synthase (Nos) was up‐regulated by Serratia marcescens KH‐001, which increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the gut. Injection of abdomen of Diaphorina citri with H2O2 accelerated the death of the adults and induced apoptosis in the gut cells by activating Cyt c, p53 and caspase‐1 and suppressing IAP and BI‐1. Pretreatment of infected Diaphorina citri with vitamin c (Vc) increased the adult survival and diminished the apoptosis‐inducing effect.CONCLUSIONSThe colonization of Serratia marcescens KH‐001 in the guts of Diaphorina citri increased H2O2 accumulation, leading to severe changes and apoptosis in intestinal cells, which enhanced a higher mortality level of D. citr. This study identifies the underlying virulence mechanism of Serratia marcescens KH‐001 on Diaphorina citri that contributes to a widespread application in the integrated management of citrus psyllid. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Direct assimilation of AVHRR satellite radiance measurements in a reanalysis system
Authors: Chattopadhyay Mohar , Akella Santha , Kim Jong , Bloecker Christine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Advanced Very‐High‐Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is a broad‐band, five‐channel scanner sensing in the visible, near‐infrared and thermal infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. AVHRR instruments onboard polar‐orbiting satellites have data records spanning 30 years. The radiances from the infrared channels of AVHRR have been directly assimilated over the ice‐free ocean in the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) since 2017 to constrain skin sea surface temperature (SST). The GEOS system already uses an advanced bulk SST and a skin SST model which incorporates diurnal warming and cool‐skin temperature on the surface of the ocean. The positive contribution of this effort to the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) makes it desirable to extend the skin SST data assimilation procedure to reanalysis applications. The AVHRR data from platforms that were previously unexplored for NWP applications are assimilated at the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA, for an upcoming reanalysis project. This study uses results from reanalysis experiments to assess the impact of assimilating AVHRR radiances over open ocean on the atmospheric state variables, focusing on the analyzed skin temperatures that include the active skin SST model. It is demonstrated that including the skin temperature variations in atmospheric analysis is generally beneficial. The addition of radiance measurements from AVHRR provides further improvements to the overall reanalysis system performance. by helping to correct the diurnal heating and reducing errors in the background departure of hyperspectral radiance observations, which are an essential component of atmospheric reanalyses.
Accuracy of expectation values of one‐electron operators obtained from Hartree–Fock wavefunctions expanded using Lambda functions
Authors: Hatano Yasuyo , Yamamoto Shigeyoshi , Tatewaki Hiroshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe accuracy of the expectation values () of one‐electron operators is examined using Hartree–Fock wavefunctions expanded using functions. In this expansion, 150 terms, then 149, 148, and 147 terms are used for the s‐, p‐, d‐, and f‐symmetries, respectively. The systems investigated are He–Ne and the Group 18 atoms of Ar–Og. The one‐electron properties investigated are the cusp condition (CC), the electron density at the nucleus (), and (). Convergence of is examined by increasing the number of expansion terms () up to the given limit (150). The number of significant figures (SF) of is counted by comparing the calculated value at =150 () with the extrapolated value . For He, the SF of CC is found to be 26. For the atoms under consideration, the SF of CC is approximately half that of the total energy (TE). The SFs of expectation values of the other properties are also smaller than for the TE.
Tunnel‐Coupled Optical Microtraps for Ultracold Atoms
Authors: Zhu Shangguo , Long Yun , Gou Wei , Pu Mingbo , Luo Xiangang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArrays of individual atoms trapped in optical microtraps with micrometer‐scale sizes have emerged as a fundamental, versatile, and powerful platform for quantum sciences and technologies. This platform enables the bottom‐up engineering of quantum systems, offering the capability of low‐entropy preparation of quantum states with flexible geometry, as well as manipulation and detection at the single‐site level. The utilization of ultracold itinerant atoms with tunnel coupling in optical microtraps provides new opportunities for quantum simulation, enabling the exploration of exotic quantum states, phases, and dynamics, which would otherwise be challenging to achieve in conventional optical lattices due to high entropy and limited geometric flexibility. Here, the development of tunnel‐coupled optical microtraps for the manipulation of ultracold atomic quantum systems and its recent advances are briefly reviewed.
The effectiveness of controlled ovarian stimulation with tamoxifen for patients with estrogen‐sensitive breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yoshida Tsukasa , Takahashi Osamu , Suzuki Yoko , Ota Erika , Hirata Tetsuya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTamoxifen is used for the suppression of estrogen‐sensitive tumor recurrence in oocyte retrieval cycles. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the quality of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) with co‐administration of gonadotropins and tamoxifen (COS with tamoxifen).MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles on October 30, 2022. The authors included studies comparing COS with tamoxifen and COS with gonadotropins and letrozole (COS with letrozole) or gonadotropin only (COS with gonadotropin only) for fertility preservation in patients with breast cancer. The main outcome measures were the COS quality, total number of retrieved oocytes (TOR), total number of mature oocytes (TMO), and peak estradiol levels (PEL).ResultsFour studies (348 patients, two randomized controlled trials, and two cohort studies) were included in our meta‐analysis. There was no significant difference in TOR (95% CI, [−3.84, 2.90]) and TMO (95% CI, [−2.20, 2.64]) between COS with tamoxifen and COS with letrozole. There was also no difference in TOR (95% CI, [−6.14, 1.86]) between COS with tamoxifen and COS with gonadotropin only. Statistically significant decrease was observed in PEL during COS with letrozole compared with tamoxifen (95% CI, [1414.4, 4953.7]).ConclusionsThe quality did not differ between COS with tamoxifen and COS with letrozole or gonadotropin only.
Reconciling zoogeography and genetics: Origins of deepwater Cisco Coregonus artedi (sensu lato) in the Great Lakes
Authors: Eshenroder Randy L. , Breckenridge Andy J. , Jacobson Peter C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
We propose that deepwater Cisco Coregonus artedi (sensu lato) survived Wisconsin ice advances through introgression with shallow-water Cisco ~65 ka followed by expression of introgressed genomic fragments after the last retreat of ice from the Great Lakes ~15 ka.

Methods
We reviewed Wisconsin Glaciation in relation to putative introgression within Cisco and employed a phylogeographic approach to substantiate locations of Cisco refugia and the implications for dispersal of Cisco ahead of the last advance of Wisconsin ice.

Result
We showed that deepwater Cisco, in contrast to shallow-water Cisco, were very unlikely to have survived glacial advances and that a massive introgression event between both types likely occurred as the first of two Wisconsin ice advances reached the Great Lakes ~65 ka.

Conclusion
The most-parsimonious explanation for the distribution of deepwater Cisco involves long-ago introgression as a precursor to its divergence from shallow-water Cisco following the final retreat of Wisconsin ice.