bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing mental illness in children that experienced maltreatment the efficacy of REThink online therapeutic game
Authors: David Oana A. , Fodor Liviu A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExposure to child maltreatment (CM) is considered to predispose children to devastating consequences in terms of mental health. Thus, it is a public health priority to provide these children with early preventive interventions that are accessible on a large scale, adapted to their needs, and effective in supporting their mental health. Here we report a randomized control trial to test the efficacy of the REThink online therapeutic game, as compared with a Care as Usual (CAU) control group in the prevention of mental illness in maltreated children. Out of 439 children aged 8–12 that were recruited, 294 children with self-reported maltreatment histories were included in the current study, and were allocated, 146 participants in the REThink group and 148 participants in the CAU group. All children completed pre- and post-intervention assessments measuring mental health, emotion regulation, and irrational cognitions. We also tested potential moderators for these effects, such as the severity of CM and the security of parent attachment. Our results show that children receiving the REThink game intervention outperform the CAU group at post-test, showing a significantly lower level of emotional problems, mental health difficulties, use of maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies such as catastrophizing, rumination, and self-blame, and irrational cognitions. Moreover, children with higher CM severity benefit the most from the REThink game, while children with lower parent attachment security benefit the least. Future research is needed, to investigate the long-term efficacy of the REThink game in promoting the mental health of children exposed to CM.
Evolution of nanopores in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Dai Chunhui , Popple Derek , Su Cong , Park Ji-Hoon , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kong Jing , Zettl Alex 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe engineering of atomically-precise nanopores in two-dimensional materials presents exciting opportunities for both fundamental science studies as well as applications in energy, DNA sequencing, and quantum information technologies. The exceptional chemical and thermal stability of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) suggest that exposed h-BN nanopores will retain their atomic structure even when subjected to extended periods of time in gas or liquid environments. Here we employ transmission electron microscopy to examine the time evolution of h-BN nanopores in vacuum and in air and find, even at room temperature, dramatic geometry changes due to atom motion and edge contamination adsorption, for timescales ranging from one hour to one week. The discovery of nanopore evolution contrasts with general expectations and has profound implications for nanopore applications of two-dimensional materials.
Monolithically-stacked thin-film solid-state batteries
Authors: Futscher Moritz H. , Brinkman Luc , Müller André , Casella Joel , Aribia Abdessalem , Romanyuk Yaroslav E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe power capability of Li-ion batteries has become increasingly limiting for the electrification of transport on land and in the air. The specific power of Li-ion batteries is restricted to a few thousand W kg−1 due to the required cathode thickness of a few tens of micrometers. We present a design of monolithically-stacked thin-film cells that has the potential to increase the power ten-fold. We demonstrate an experimental proof-of-concept consisting of two monolithically stacked thin-film cells. Each cell consists of a silicon anode, a solid-oxide electrolyte, and a lithium cobalt oxide cathode. The battery can be cycled for more than 300 cycles between 6 and 8 V. Using a thermo-electric model, we predict that stacked thin-film batteries can achieve specific energies >250 Wh kg−1 at C-rates above 60, resulting in a specific power of tens of kW kg−1 needed for high-end applications such as drones, robots, and electric vertical take-off and landing aircrafts.
Conformational tuning improves the stability of spirocyclic nitroxides with long paramagnetic relaxation times
Authors: Sowiński Mateusz P. , Gahlawat Sahil , Lund Bjarte A. , Warnke Anna-Luisa , Hopmann Kathrin H. , Lovett Janet E. , Haugland Marius M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNitroxides are widely used as probes and polarization transfer agents in spectroscopy and imaging. These applications require high stability towards reducing biological environments, as well as beneficial relaxation properties. While the latter is provided by spirocyclic groups on the nitroxide scaffold, such systems are not in themselves robust under reducing conditions. In this work, we introduce a strategy for stability enhancement through conformational tuning, where incorporating additional substituents on the nitroxide ring effects a shift towards highly stable closed spirocyclic conformations, as indicated by X-ray crystallography and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Closed spirocyclohexyl nitroxides exhibit dramatically improved stability towards reduction by ascorbate, while maintaining long relaxation times in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. These findings have important implications for the future design of new nitroxide-based spin labels and imaging agents.
Partial liquid metal dealloying to synthesize nickel-containing porous and composite ferrous and high-entropy alloys
Authors: Wada Takeshi , Geslin Pierre-Antoine , Wei Daixu , Kato Hidemi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLiquid metal dealloying is a promising technique to produce bicontinuous porous metals with high specific surface areas. This processing technique relies on the selective dissolution of a component from a precursor alloy into a metal bath while the remaining insoluble component self-assembles into an interconnected structure. However, it has not been applied to produce nickel-containing porous metals because of the lack of a suitable metallic bath. Here we show that nickel-containing porous metals can be produced by partial liquid metal dealloying. The amount of soluble component in the resulting microstructure can be tuned by carefully choosing the bath element so that the ligaments of desired composition equilibrate with the metal bath. We demonstrate this partial liquid dealloying concept using magnesium and bismuth baths and rationalize the results through thermodynamics calculations. Furthermore, we apply this technique to produce porous nickel-containing stainless steel and high-entropy alloy.
Calcium availability affects the intrinsic water-use efficiency of temperate forest trees
Authors: Oulehle Filip , Urban Otmar , Tahovská Karolina , Kolář Tomáš , Rybníček Michal , Büntgen Ulf , Hruška Jakub , Čáslavský Josef , Trnka Mirek 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of trees is an important component of the Earth’s coupled carbon and water cycles. The causes and consequences of long-term changes in iWUE are, however, still poorly understood due to the complex interplay between biotic and abiotic factors. Inspired by the role calcium (Ca) plays in plant transpiration, we explore possible linkages between tree ring-derived iWUE and Ca availability in five central European forest sites that were affected by acidic air pollution. We show that increasing iWUE was directly modulated by acid air pollution in conjunction with soil Ca concentration. Responses of iWUE to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations accelerated across sites where Ca availability decreased due to soil acidity constraints, regardless of nitrogen and phosphorus availability. The observed association between soil acidity, Ca uptake, and transpiration suggests that Ca biogeochemistry has important, yet unrecognized, implications for the plant physiological upregulation of carbon and water cycles.
Fault systems impede incision of the Yarlung river into the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Cai Dongxu , Wang Xianyan , Li Guangwei , Jiao Ruohong , Kohn Barry , Zhu Wenbin , De Grave Johan , Lu Huayu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is widely accepted that tectonics generally enhances river incision. However, why rivers have not incised further into orogenic plateaus to destroy terrains over long-time scales remains ambiguous. Here we hypothesize that the diverse nature of regional tectonics could have impeded river erosion, taking Yarlung River in Tibetan Plateau as a case. We constrain the incision history and effect of a tectonic rift on fluvial incision by low-temperature thermochronology. Results show focused cooling near the rift, but markedly reduced cooling in the upstream and downstream regions since ~7 Ma. This coincides with an episode of rapid exhumation of Eastern Himalaya Syntaxis downstream. We propose that these two co-phased tectonic systems resulting from accelerated extension of southern Tibetan Plateau prevented upstream migration of river knickpoints. Our study highlights that the activity of fault systems may hinder regional erosion, thereby facilitating the preservation of topography and high plateaus in active orogenic belts.
miR-124-3p target genes identify globus pallidus role in suicide ideation recovery in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Aloi Macarena S. , Poblete Guillermo F. , Oldham John , Patriquin Michelle A. , Nielsen David A. , Kosten Thomas R. , Salas Ramiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by patterns of unstable affect, unstable interpersonal relationships, and chronic suicidal tendencies. Research on the genetics, epigenetics, and brain function of BPD is lacking. MicroRNA-124-3p (miR-124-3p) was recently identified in a Genome-Wide Association Study as likely associated with BPD. Here, we identified the anatomical brain expression of genes likely modulated by miR-124-3p and compared morphometry in those brain regions in BPD inpatients vs. controls matched for psychiatric comorbidities. We isolated lists of targets likely modulated by miR-124-3p from TargetScan (v 8.0) by their preferentially conserved targeting (Aggregate PCT > 0.99, see Supplementary Table 1). We applied Process Genes List (PGL) to identify regions of interest associated with the co-expression of miR-124-3p target genes. We compared the gray matter volume of the top region of interest co-expressing those genes between BPD inpatients (n = 111, 46% female) and psychiatric controls (n = 111, 54% female) at The Menninger Clinic in Houston, Texas. We then correlated personality measures, suicidal ideation intensity, and recovery from suicidal ideation with volumetrics. Gene targets of miR-124-3p were significantly co-expressed in the left Globus Pallidus (GP), which was smaller in BPD than in psychiatric controls. Smaller GP volume was negatively correlated with agreeableness and with recovery from suicidal ideation post-treatment. In BPD, GP volume may be reduced through miR-124-3p regulation and suppression of its target genes. Importantly, we identified that a reduction of the GP in BPD could serve as a potential biomarker for recovery from suicidal ideation.
Resilience‐oriented planning and management of battery storage systems in distribution networks
Authors: Gilasi Yasin , Hosseini Seyed Hamid , Ranjbar Hossein 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe occurrence of unforeseen incidents is one of the major causes of extensive blackouts and financial damages to electrical networks. The utilization of distributed energy resources (DERs) as a local energy supplier can potentially reduce the destructive effects of unforeseen events along with their benefits for the normal operation of the network. In this paper, a new framework is proposed for the optimal siting and sizing of solar photovoltaic distributed generations (PVDGs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in the distribution network to increase resiliency against the earthquake event considering the advantages of these resources in both normal and event conditions. Furthermore, an optimal energy pattern for BESSs has been provided that, in addition to being used for the normal condition, also prepares them for transferring to the emergency state. The objective function is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) problem aiming at minimizing both the normal and emergency costs. Eventually, the numerical results of implementing the proposed model on the IEEE‐33 bus system are presented to illustrate its effectiveness and accuracy. These results show by using PVDG installation, the resilience can be improved by 14% while total installation and operating costs are reduced by 1.7%. It is possible, however, to decrease the load curtailment up to 55.46% by involving BESSs along with PVDGs, despite an 8.57% increase in costs.
Molecular detection of Leishmania in dermal tissue: Case control study
Authors: Abdulqadir Moayad Aziz 
Published: June 2023

Background: An endemic disease cutaneous leishmaniasis CL was spread in Iraq. In 2020, there were more CL cases than in previous years, with most occurring in rural areas. In this scenario, the current diagnostic technique must be replaced with a more sensitive one. This research aimed to examine if polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an efficient approach for identifying leishmanial parasites in skin biopsies from Iraqi patients.
Methodology: PCR was used to evaluate samples collected from one hundred people who had cutaneous ulcers that were compatible with leishmaniasis. The primers used in the analysis were produced from the gene for the small subunit of the ribosomal complex. In order to determine which method was most sensitive to the presence of Leishmania, PCR, smear staining, and in vitro culture were put through their paces.
Results: In vitro culture test had a sensitivity of 72 percent, while the direct microscopy smear had a sensitivity of 88 percent. The sensitivity of the PCR test was much greater (88 percent) (71 percent). In addition to this, the specificity of the PCR test that we used was rather good (99 percent).
Conclusions: When it comes to making a diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis, the polymerase chain reaction, commonly known as PCR, has to be regarded as a method that is not only advantageous but also sensitive and more time and cost effective. It is especially important to keep this in mind for patients whose parasitological testing came back negative.
Gesundheitskompetenz (Health Literacy) und Compliance – Teil
1
Authors: Weilguny-Schöfl Gerlinde 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungGesundheitskompetenz (Health Literacy) wurde erstmals in den 1970er-Jahren in den
USA thematisiert. Gesundheitskompetenz ist die Fähigkeit,
Gesundheitsinformationen zu kennen oder zu finden, zu verstehen, zu bewerten und
bei gesundheitsbezogenen Entscheidungen anzuwenden. Im Jahr 2012 wurde in Europa
eine erste Datenerfassung zur Gesundheitskompetenz in 8 Staaten
veröffentlicht. Zwischen 2019 und 2021 initiierte die WHO (World Health
Organization) eine weitere, auf zusätzliche Länder (insgesamt
17) ausgedehnte Erhebung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Handlungsbedarf besteht
und es dringend notwendig ist, mit gezielten Maßnahmen die
Gesundheitskompetenz der EU-Bevölkerung zu verbessern. Denn Health
Illiteracy, also das Fehlen von Gesundheitskompetenz
(Gesundheitsanalphabetismus), ist verbunden mit ungesundem Lebensstil wie
schlechter Ernährung sowie wenig körperlicher Aktivität.
Darüber hinaus ist sie assoziiert mit verschiedenen körperlichen
Einschränkungen, Überforderung im Umgang mit chronischen
Krankheiten, Langzeitkrankenständen, häufigen Konsultationen
medizinischer Einrichtungen und dadurch einer geringeren
Lebensqualität.
Palladium-Catalyzed Acylation Strategies and Their Applications Towards Biologically Relevant Products
Authors: Sreenivasulu Chinnabattigalla , Kishore Dakoju Ravi , Satyanarayana Gedu , Basuli Suchand 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKetones are fundamental synthons in organic synthesis due to their wide range of applications, which include natural products, pharmaceuticals, dyes, fragrances, agrochemicals, and electronic materials. In recent years, direct acylation strategies based on commercially available benchtop aryl halides and aldehydes (alkyl/aryl) have been the prime focus for the construction of alkyl-aryl/aryl-aryl ketones using palladium catalysis under eco-friendly reaction conditions. In this account, we present conceptually developed palladium-catalyzed direct acylation strategies for achieving various carbo- and heterocycles such as ketones, 2-quinolinones, phthalazines, phthalazinones, benzoxazinones, anthraquinones, indenones, and 1,3-dihydroisobenzofurans. Significantly, these direct acylation strategies have been extended to synthesize the natural product neo-lignan and biologically significant molecules such as an n-butylphthalide antiplatelet drug, pitofenone, fenofibrate, a HBV inhibitor, and a PDE-4 inhibitor. This Account will be of interest to synthetic organic chemists wishing to prepare pharmaceutical molecules and natural products.1	Introduction2	Discussion2.1	Palladium-Catalyzed Environmentally Compassionate Acylation2.2	Palladium-Catalyzed Acylations Followed by Intramolecular Aldol Condensation to Afford Indenones2.3	Acylation of Iodo-acetanilides/Iodo-phenyl Acetates: Sequential One-Pot Syntheses of 2-Quinolinones2.4	A One-Pot Diversified Synthesis of Phthalazines, Phthalazinones, and Benzoxazinones2.5	Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Acylation: A One-Pot Relay Synthesis of Anthraquinones2.6	Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Coupling of Primary Alcohols with Iodoarenes Leading to Ketones: Application to the Synthesis of Benzofuranones and Indenones3	Conclusion
Achieving stability and prosperity: The Chinese way
Authors: Cheng Quan , Ng Alex 
Published: June 2023

AbstractState governance in corporations controls the economy and employment to develop prosperity in China. Does privatization achieve both objectives? Privatization theory views that giving up state control benefits firms economically but is quite silent on the value of employment benefits. However, market mix theory (Sappington and Stiglitz, J Policy Anal Manag 6(4):567–582, 1987; Stiglitz, Whither Socialism? MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, and London, England, 1994) views that state control of firms to provide employment is valuable. It further implies that corporate performance and employment objectives can co-exist well together. We formalize Market Mix Theory to reveal its testable implications on dual objectives and performance. We test the notion that Chinese corporations pursue two objectives: maximizing economic value and employment, unlike the singular objective of value maximization in Western firms. As well, we test the benefit of partial privatization. First, we test the market mix theory by studying the relationship between state ownership and employment and financial performance as a combined objective. We show that mixed firms have the highest performance in wealth maximization and employment compared to private and state-controlled firms. Second, we examine Chinese SOEs’ Employment with a large sample of 2536 public firms using panel regressions. We find that state ownership and firm employment have a positive relationship. State ownership is positively related to employment stability. Moreover, performance has a negative relationship with state ownership–employment. This result supports our over-employment hypothesis, meaning that economic performance is sacrificed to provide employment. Lastly, we show executive pay for SOE managers is positively related to employment. The employment objective is real in determining state control in Chinese corporations without conflicting to maximize shareholder wealth. Rather, the mixed form of ownership is optimal and vitally contributes overall to the stability and prosperity of China. Our formalization of market mix theory better reflects the reality of motivation, performance and benefits of partial privatization as exemplified in Chinese state-owned enterprises.
Detecting directional forces in the evolution of grammar: A case study of the English perfect with intransitives across EEBO, COHA, and Google Books
Authors: Okuda Shimpei , Hosaka Michio , Sasahara Kazutoshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLanguages have diverse characteristics that have emerged through evolution. In modern English grammar, the perfect is formed with have+PP (past participle), but in earlier English, the be+PP form also existed. It is widely recognised that the auxiliary verb BE was replaced by HAVE throughout evolution, except for some special cases. However, whether this evolution was caused by natural selection or random drift is still unclear. Here we examined directional forces in the evolution of the English perfect with intransitive by combining three large-scale data sources: Early English Books Online (EEBO), Corpus of Historical American English (COHA), and Google Books. We found that most intransitive verbs exhibited an apparent transition from be+PP to have+PP, most of which were classified as ‘selection’ by a deep neural network-based model. These results suggest that the English perfect could have evolved through natural selection rather than random drift, and provide insights into the cultural evolution of grammar.
Linking public leadership and public project success: the mediating role of team building
Authors: Khan Naqib Ullah , Zhongyi Peng , Han Heesup , Ariza-Montes Antonio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe existing research has linked the mainstream leadership styles to project success and team building. However, there is a lack of research evidence on how public sector-specific leadership styles influence project success and team building. This research uses social information processing theory to explore the influence of public leadership on project success and team building. The study also explores the fundamental processes by which public leadership engenders project success via the mediating mechanism of team building. Analysis of 436 responses from both public sector projects managers-subordinates dyad showed that public leadership positively relates to project success and team building. The analysis also showed that team building positively influences project success. Moreover, the findings revealed that team building partially mediates the influence of public leadership on project success.
A resonant single-wing bionic piezoelectric motor based on a biasing self-clamping mechanism
Authors: He Liangguo , Qian An , Dong Yuge , Li Xinyu , Wan Zhikai , Yue Xukang 
Published: June 2023

In this study, a resonant single-wing bionic piezoelectric motor based on a biasing self-clamping mechanism inspired by dragonfly flight was designed, assembled, and tested. The main mechanism of the designed piezoelectric motor includes a mover (including a vibrator, clamping foot, bionic pedestal, etc.), a stator, and other auxiliary components. The clamping foot of the mover contacts the side of the stator to form a biasing self-clamping mechanism, which can achieve a clamping effect within half a cycle of the vibrator’s resonant vibration. The piezoelectric plate on the vibrator receives a single harmonic excitation from the signal generator, causing the base plate to bend and distort. The base plate drives the clamping foot to move regularly, causing the mover to perform a linear motion. Moreover, repeated single harmonic excitations can realize the continuous movement of the mover. The structure of the piezoelectric motor was optimized using COMSOL6.0, which is a finite element analysis software. The first-order bending vibration of the vibrator was chosen as the working mode through finite element simulation, and an experimental platform was built. The performance of the prototype piezoelectric motor was tested and verified on the experimental platform. The final experimental data show that under the conditions of 300 Vp–p excitation voltage and 109 Hz driving frequency, the maximum no-load speed of the prototype reaches 6.184 mm/s, and the maximum load of the motor is 4 g.