bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in a Wavy Enclosure with and without the Presence of Fins
Authors: Mahmud Md. Abdullah Al , Munshi Md. Jahirul Haque , Islam Md. Siful , Islam Md. Jamiul , Mannan Md. Abdul , Hasan Md. Mehedi 
Published: July 2023

This study focuses on numerically simulating heat transfer in an enclosure with a wavy shape, both with and without the presence of fins. The research paper specifically investigates the case of a single vertical fin attached to the lower heated wall of the enclosure. The lower wall is maintained at a constant cold temperature, while the upper wall is kept cold, and the wavy walls are assumed to be constant heated temperature. The top wall lid moves left to right and bottom wall lid moves right to left with constant velocity. Additionally, a magnetic field of certain strength is applied parallel to the x-axis. The flow inside the enclosure is characterized by a Prandtl number of 0.71. The results are presented through various graphical representations, such as streamlines, isotherms, velocity and temperature distributions, as well as the local Nusselt number. The researchers conducted a parametric study to examine the impact of the Richardson number on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics within the enclosure. The findings indicate that as the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics within the enclosure. The findings indicate that as the Hartmann number increases (while keeping the Hartmann number constant) the heat transfer rate is enhanced. To validate their findings, the researchers compare their results with previously published works in the field.
Number Names
Authors: Corver Norbert , Tatsumi Yuta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKnowledge of number names is a subpart of our knowledge of language. This entry discusses various components of this knowledge, placing a special focus on the internal structure of number names and on their morphological marking. The following issues are addressed: the categorial nature of number names; the computational system underlying the formation of complex number names; the structural position of (components of) number names; the various morphophonological and morphosyntactic operations that are operative on numerals such as suppletion, contraction, and (c)overtness of functional heads; the formation of ordinals and the formation of counting numerals. The phenomenon of number names is considered from a comparative‐linguistic perspective: number names from both classifier languages and non‐classifier languages (macro‐variation) are discussed. Furthermore, certain formal phenomena related to number names are discussed from a cross‐dialectal (microvariation) and intra‐linguistic perspective. At a more general level, this chapter aims to show that there is a system of rules – a grammar – that underlies the formation of number names in human language.
Tetraspanin CD82 Associates with Trafficking Vesicle in Muscle Cells and Binds to Dysferlin and Myoferlin
Authors: Fontelonga Tatiana , Hall Arielle J. , Brown Jaedon L. , Jung Youngsook L. , Alexander Matthew S. , Dominov Janice A. , Mouly Vincent , Vieira Natassia , Zatz Mayana , Vainzof Mariz , Gussoni Emanuela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTetraspanins organize protein complexes at the cell membrane and are responsible for assembling diverse binding partners in changing cellular states. Tetraspanin CD82 is a useful cell surface marker for prospective isolation of human myogenic progenitors and its expression is decreased in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cell lines. The function of CD82 in skeletal muscle remains elusive, partly because the binding partners of this tetraspanin in muscle cells have not been identified. CD82‐associated proteins are sought to be identified in human myotubes via mass spectrometry proteomics, which identifies dysferlin and myoferlin as CD82‐binding partners. In human dysferlinopathy (Limb girdle muscular dystrophy R2, LGMDR2) myogenic cell lines, expression of CD82 protein is near absent in two of four patient samples. In the cell lines where CD82 protein levels are unaffected, increased expression of the ≈72 kDa mini‐dysferlin product is identified using an antibody recognizing the dysferlin C‐terminus. These data demonstrate that CD82 binds dysferlin/myoferlin in differentiating muscle cells and its expression can be affected by loss of dysferlin in human myogenic cells.
A Low‐Cost, Durable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst Containing Atomic Co and Pt Species for Flow Alkali‐Al/Acid Hybrid Fuel Cell and Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Zhang Mengtian , Li Hao , Chen Junxiang , Ma Fei‐Xiang , Zhen Liang , Wen Zhenhai , Xu Cheng‐Yan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransition metal single atoms anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon (M‐N‐C) matrix with M‐N‐C active sites have shown to be promising catalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a hybrid catalyst with low‐level loading of atomic Pt and Co species encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped graphene (Pt@CoN4‐G) is developed. The Pt@CoN4‐G shows low overpotential for HER in wide‐pH electrolyte and manifests improved mass activity with almost eight times greater than that of Pt/C at an overpotential of 50 mV. The Pt@CoN4‐G also exhibits a top‐level ORR activity (half‐wave potential, E1/2 = 0.893 V) and robust stability (>200 h) in alkaline medium. Using theoretical calculations and comprehensive characterizations , the strong metal–support interactions between Pt species and CoN4‐G support and synergistical cooperation of multiple active sites are clarified. A flow alkali‐Al/acid hybrid fuel cell using Pt@CoN4‐G as cathode catalyst delivers a large power density of 222 mW cm−2 with excellent stability to achieve simultaneously hydrogen evolution and electricity generation. In addition, Pt@CoN4‐G endows a flow Zn‐air battery with high power density (316 mW cm−2), good stability under large current density (>100 h at 100 mA cm−2), and long cycle life (over 600 h at 5 mA cm−2).
Flexible Photonic Radiative Cooling Films: Fundamentals, Fabrication and Applications
Authors: Xie Wei , Xiao Chengyu , Sun Ya , Fan Yile , Zhao Binyuan , Zhang Di , Fan Tongxiang , Zhou Han 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotonic structures designed at sub‐wavelength scales have emerged as a promising avenue for various energy applications, including cooling devices, water harvesting, photovoltaics, and personal thermal management, which have significantly transformed the global energy landscape. Particularly, flexible photonic radiative cooling films, which facilitate heat dissipation from surfaces by emitting it into outer space via infrared radiation, have achieved great progress in recent years. In this review, the different approaches used to design photonic structures for manipulating solar reflectance and optimizing thermal emittance are summarized. On this basis, this review discusses advancements in flexible radiative cooling films that have been meticulously adhere to these design principles, alongside their cooling effects over recent years. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the progress is presented in the photonic integration with new functionality and the fabrication techniques of photonic structures. Lastly, this review highlights the remarkable potential of radiative coolers in various fields. In prospect, the widespread adoption of flexible photonic radiative cooling films holds immense promise for diverse applications.
Wafer‐Scale Epitaxial Growth of Two‐dimensional Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals toward High‐Performance Transistors
Authors: Wang Jinwen , Ren Zheng , Pan Jing , Wu Xiaofeng , Jie Jiansheng , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhang Xiujuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe success of state‐of‐the‐art electronics and optoelectronics relies heavily on the capability to fabricate semiconductor single‐crystal wafers. However, the conventional epitaxial growth strategy for inorganic wafers is invalid for growing organic semiconductor single crystals due to the lack of lattice‐matched epitaxial substrates and intricate nucleation behaviors, severely impeding the advancement of organic single‐crystal electronics. Here, an anchored crystal‐seed epitaxial growth method for wafer‐scale growth of 2D organic semiconductor single crystals is developed for the first time. The crystal seed is firmly anchored on the viscous liquid surface, ensuring the steady epitaxial growth of organic single crystals from the crystal seed. The atomically flat liquid surface effectively eliminates the disturbance from substrate defects and greatly enhances the 2D growth of organic crystals. Using this approach, a wafer‐scale few‐layer bis(triethylsilythynyl)‐anthradithphene (Dif‐TES‐ADT) single crystal is formed, yielding a breakthrough for organic field‐effect transistors with a high reliable mobility up to 8.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an ultralow mobility variable coefficient of 8.9%. This work opens a new avenue to fabricate organic single‐crystal wafers for high‐performance organic electronics.
Distinguishing happiness and meaning in life from depressive symptoms: A GWAS‐by‐subtraction study in the UK Biobank
Authors: de Vries Lianne P. , Demange Perline A. , Baselmans Bart M. L. , Vinkers Christiaan H. , Pelt Dirk H. M. , Bartels Meike 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHedonic (happiness) and eudaimonic (meaning in life) well‐being are negatively related to depressive symptoms. Genetic variants play a role in this association, reflected in substantial genetic correlations. We investigated the overlap and differences between well‐being and depressive symptoms, using results of Genome‐Wide Association studies (GWAS) in UK Biobank. Subtracting GWAS summary statistics of depressive symptoms from those of happiness and meaning in life, we obtained GWASs of respectively “pure” happiness (neffective = 216,497) and “pure” meaning (neffective = 102,300). For both, we identified one genome‐wide significant SNP (rs1078141 and rs79520962, respectively). After subtraction, SNP heritability reduced from 6.3% to 3.3% for pure happiness and from 6.2% to 4.2% for pure meaning. The genetic correlation between the well‐being measures reduced from 0.78 to 0.65. Pure happiness and pure meaning became genetically unrelated to traits strongly associated with depressive symptoms, including loneliness, and psychiatric disorders. For other traits, including ADHD, educational attainment, and smoking, the genetic correlations of well‐being versus pure well‐being changed substantially. GWAS‐by‐subtraction allowed us to investigate the genetic variance of well‐being unrelated to depressive symptoms. Genetic correlations with different traits led to new insights about this unique part of well‐being. Our results can be used as a starting point to test causal relationships with other variables, and design future well‐being interventions.
Excitation of Forbidden Electronic Transitions in Atoms by Hermite–Gaussian Modes
Authors: Peshkov Anton A. , Jordan Elena , Kromrey Markus , Mehta Karan K. , Mehlstäubler Tanja E. , Surzhykov Andrey 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotoexcitation of trapped ions by Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes from guided beam structures is proposed and investigated theoretically. In particular, simple analytical expressions for the matrix elements of induced atomic transitions are derived that depend both on the parameters of HG beams and on the geometry of an experiment. By using these general expressions, the electric octupole (E3) transition is investigated in an Yb+ion, localized in the low–intensity center of the HG10and HG01beams. It is shown how the corresponding Rabi frequency can be enhanced by properly choosing the polarization of incident light and the orientation of an external magnetic field, which defines the quantization axis of a target ion. The calculations, performed for experimentally feasible beam parameters, indicate that the achieved Rabi frequencies can be comparable or even higher than those observed for the conventional Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes. Since HG‐like modes can be relatively straightforwardly generated with high purity and stability from integrated photonics, these results suggest that they may form a novel tool for investigating highly‐forbidden atomic transitions.
High performance cellulose acetate/polyamide (CA/PA) thin film composite forward osmotic (TFC‐FO) membranes from dual solvent modification processes
Authors: Lin Mingjie , Ma Junmei , Xue Xuping , Li Shiyang , Wang Qingyi , Lv Zixuan , Gao Congjie , Xue Linxin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolyamide (PA) based thin film composite forward osmotic (TFC‐FO) membranes were prepared through inter‐facial polymerization (IP) processes on porous cellulose acetate (CA) substrates. A dual solvent modification process of adding DMF in the aqueous phase followed by activation with methanol was found to be able to simultaneously improve the permselectivity and anti‐fouling capability of the modified membranes. On top of the acidic CA substrates, DMF could not only absorb the HCl formed in the IP processes, but also chemically bind with the PA matrix by reaction with MPD monomers, leading to formation of homogeneous thin and flat PA layers, while methanol activation further swelled the PA matrix, repaired defects and optimized water permeating channels. Using 1 M NaCl solution as the draw solution, the water flux of the CA/PA‐DMF4‐ME1 membrane was twice that of the pristine membrane, and 24% increase in Jw/Js value from 182 to 225 L·mol−1. Its Jw/Js value could be further increased 10 times to 2000 L·mol−1 using 1 M Na2SO4 solution as draw solution. RO tests for the CA/PA‐DMF4‐ME1 membranes showed 6‐fold increase in water permeance, from 1.16 to 7.02 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1, as well as increase in NaCl rejection from 94.8% to 97.7% from pristine membrane.
Green and scalable processing of water‐soluble, biodegradable polymer/clay barrier films
Authors: Röhrl Maximilian , Timmins Renee L. , Ghosh Dipannita , Schuchardt Dominik D. , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Nürmberger Simon , Bölz Uwe , Agarwal Seema , Breu Josef 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) based water‐soluble packaging with intentional disposal into wastewater provides great convenience for both households and industry. In this paper, we demonstrate with CO2 evolution testing that only insignificant fractions (~2%) of PVOH biodegrade in wastewater within 33 days. To avoid unintentional environmental build‐up and the accompanying consequences to marine life, alternative materials with a suitable balance of performance and biodegradability are needed. Until now, the barrier properties of biodegradable biopolymers could not compete with state‐of‐the‐art water‐soluble packaging materials like PVOH films. In this paper, we report on waterborne, sandwich‐structured films using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or alginate produced with an industrially scalable slot‐die coater system. The inner layer of the film consists of a collapsed nematic suspension of high aspect ratio synthetic clay nanosheets that act as an impermeable wall. Such a film structure not only allows for barrier filler loadings capable of sufficiently reducing oxygen and water vapor permeability of alginate to 0.063 cm3 mm m−2 day−1 bar−1 and 53.8 g mm m−2 day−1 bar−1, respectively, but also provides mechanical reinforcement to the biopolymer films facilitating scalable processing. Moreover, the films disintegrated in water in less than 6 min while rapid biodegradation of the dissolved polymer was observed.
Comparison of protein quantification methods for protein encapsulation with ZIF‐8 metal‐organic frameworks
Authors: Yong Joel , Hakobyan Karen , Xu Jiangtao , Mellick Albert S. , Whitelock John , Liang Kang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe use of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as delivery systems for biologically functional macromolecules has been explored widely in recent years due to their ability to protect their payload from a wide range of harsh conditions. Given the wide usage and diversity of potential applications, optimising the encapsulation efficiency by MOFs for different biological is of particular importance. Here, several protein quantitation methods and report were compared on the accuracy, practicality, limitations, and sensitivity of these methods to assess the encapsulation efficiency of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF)‐8 MOFs for two common biologicals commonly used in nanomedicine, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the enzyme catalase (CAT). Using these methods, ZIF‐8 encapsulation of BSA and CAT was confirmed to enrich for high molecular weight and glycosylated protein forms. However, contrary to most reports, a high degree of variance was observed across all methods assessed, with fluorometric quantitation providing the most consistent results with the lowest background and greatest dynamic range. While bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay has showed greater detection range than the Bradford (Coomassie) assay, BCA and Bradford assays were found to be susceptible to background from the organic “MOF” linker 2‐methylimidazole, reducing their overall sensitivity. Finally, while very sensitive and useful for assessing protein quality SDS–PAGE is also susceptible to confounding artifacts and background. Given the increasing use of enzyme delivery using MOFs, and the diversity of potential uses in biomedicine, identifying a rapid and efficient method of assessing biomolecule encapsulation is key to their wider acceptance.
Neurofunctional correlates of a neurorehabilitation system based on eye movements in chronic stroke impairment levels: A pilot study
Authors: García‐Ramos Bárbara R. , Villarroel Rebeca , González‐Mora José L. , Revert Consuelo , Modroño Cristián 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionRehabilitation after a stroke is widely considered fundamental to improve secondary functional impairments. Accessible methods based on motor learning, motor transfer and virtual environments are necessary to help to improve stroke patients’ quality of life.ObjectivesContinuing the line of our previous studies, this work investigated the effect of our new and innovative game‐based virtual reality training using the control of virtual objects with gaze in three chronic stroke survivors.MethodsAll participants performed an eye‐controlled virtual training task for 4 weeks. Pre‐ and post‐training evaluation were carried out with the Fugl‐Meyer Assessment for upper extremity scale as well as performing a tracking task inside an MRI scanner with a MRI‐compatible eye‐tracker or a joystick.ResultsNeural results for each participant show the increase of activity in the motor cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum for both effectors (hand or eye).ConclusionThese promising results have a potential application as a new game‐based neurorehabilitation approach to enhance the motor activity of stroke patients.
Mutations in the DNA polymerase binding pathway affect the immune microenvironment of patients with small‐cell lung cancer and enhance the efficacy of platinum‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Lin Anqi , Mou Weiming , Zhu Lingxuan , Yang Tao , Zhou Chaozheng , Zhang Jian , Luo Peng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSmall‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by its high malignancy and is associated with a poor prognosis. In the early stages of the disease, platinum‐based chemotherapy is the recommended first‐line treatment and has demonstrated efficacy. However, SCLC is prone to recurrence and is generally resistant to chemotherapy in its later stages.MethodsHere, we collected samples from SCLC patients who received platinum‐based chemotherapy, performed genomic and transcriptomic analyses, and validated our results with publicly available data.ResultsSCLC patients with DNA polymerase binding pathway mutations had an improved prognosis after platinum chemotherapy compared with patients without such mutations. Patients in the mutant (MT) group had higher infiltration of T cells, B cells, and M1 macrophages compared with patients without DNA polymerase binding pathway mutations.ConclusionsDNA polymerase binding pathway mutations can be used as prognostic markers for platinum‐based chemotherapy in SCLC.
Progress in research on ultrasound radiomics for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer
Authors: Gong Xuantong , Liu Xuefeng , Xie Xiaozheng , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in women worldwide. Effective means of predicting the prognosis of breast cancer are very helpful in guiding treatment and improving patients' survival. Features extracted by radiomics reflect the genetic and molecular characteristics of a tumor and are related to its biological behavior and the patient's prognosis. Thus, radiomics provides a new approach to noninvasive assessment of breast cancer prognosis. Ultrasound is one of the commonest clinical means of examining breast cancer. In recent years, some results of research into ultrasound radiomics for diagnosing breast cancer, predicting lymph node status, treatment response, recurrence and survival times, and other aspects, have been published. In this article, we review the current research status and technical challenges of ultrasound radiomics for predicting breast cancer prognosis. We aim to provide a reference for radiomics researchers, promote the development of ultrasound radiomics, and advance its clinical application.