bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective peer review audit and identification of the surgeon outlier
Authors: Treacy P. John , Toonson Philip , Blackadder Helen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgical audit aims to identify ways to maintain and improve the quality of care for patients, in part by assessment of a surgeon's activities and outcomes. However effective data systems to facilitate audit are uncommon. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a tool for Peer Review Audit.MethodsAll General Surgeons in Darwin and the Top End were encouraged to self‐record their surgical activity, including procedures and adverse events related to procedures, using the College's Morbidity Audit and Logbook Tool (MALT).ResultsA total of 6 surgeons and 3518 operative events were recorded in MALT between 2018 and 2019. De‐identified reports of each surgeon's activities, compared directly to the audit group, were created by each surgeon, with correction for complexity of procedures and ASA status. Nine complications Grade 3 and greater were recorded, plus 6 deaths, 25 unplanned returns to theatre (8% failure to rescue rate), 7 unplanned admissions to ICU and 8 unplanned readmissions. One surgeon outlier was identified (>3 standard deviation over group mean) for unplanned returns to theatre. This surgeon's specific cases were reviewed at our morbidity and mortality meeting using the MALT Self Audit Report and changes were implemented as a result, with future progress monitored.ConclusionThe College's MALT system effectively enabled Peer Group Audit. All participating surgeons were readily able to present and validate their own results. A surgeon outlier was reliably identified. This led to effective practice change. The proportion of surgeons who participated was low. Adverse events were likely under‐reported.
A grounded theory study on the dynamics of parental grief during the children's end of life
Authors: Kochen Eline M. , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Teunissen Saskia C. C. M. , Boelen Paul A. , Tataranno Maria‐Luisa , Fahner Jurrianne C. , de Jonge Roos R. , Houben Michiel L. , Kars Marijke C. ,   the emBRACE‐working group
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimParents are increasingly confronted with loss during their child's end of life. Healthcare professionals struggle with parental responses to loss. This study aimed to understand parental coping with grief during their child's end of life.MethodsA grounded theory study was performed, using semi‐structured interviews with parents during the child's end of life and recently bereaved parents. Data were collected in four children's university hospitals and paediatric homecare services between October 2020 and December 2021. A multidisciplinary team conducted the analysis.ResultsIn total, 38 parents of 22 children participated. Parents strived to sustain family life, to be a good parent and to ensure a full life for their child. Meanwhile parents' grief increased because of their hypervigilance towards signs of loss. Parents' coping with grief is characterised by an interplay of downregulating grief and connecting with grief, aimed at creating emotional space to be present and connect with their child. Parents connected with grief when it was forced upon them or when they momentarily allowed themselves to.ConclusionThe parents' ability to engage with grief becomes strained during the end of life. Healthcare professionals should support parents in their search for a balance that facilitates creating emotional space.
Bayesian Investor Belief Updating Speed and Market Underreaction to Earnings Announcements
Authors: Han Yan , Cui Xin , Tian Gloria Y. , Wang Peipei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBuilding on the Bayesian Theorem, we propose a multi‐period market microstructure model to understand how Bayesian investors underact new information and the duration of market underreaction. Applying the model to post‐earnings‐announcement drifts, our simulation and regression analyses show that the duration of the post‐announcement price adjustment process and the post‐announcement drifts can be explained by the new measure of belief updating speed that quantifies the uncertainties faced by Bayesian investors when incorporating new information into prices. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating the belief uncertainties of uninformed investors in explaining market underreaction in the Bayesian framework.
Pharmaceutical regulation under market integration through parallel trade
Authors: Birg Laura 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I study the effect of parallel trade (cross‐border resale of goods without the authorization of the manufacturer) on pharmaceutical regulation. Governments may restrict prices directly (price caps) or limit third‐party payer reimbursement for the drug (reimbursement limits). I find that parallel trade may relax regulation in the source country of parallel imports under both instruments and intensify regulation in the destination country under a reimbursement limit. I also find that parallel trade may change regulatory preferences: under no parallel trade, both the source and destination country set price caps, and under parallel trade, the source country sets a price cap but the destination country sets a reimbursement limit, thereby enforcing a higher price cap in the South. This implies that drug prices are higher under parallel trade in both source and destination countries.
The association between sex hormones and the change in brain‐predicted age difference in older women
Authors: Wrigglesworth Jo , Harding Ian H. , Islam Rakibul M. , Ward Phillip G. D. , Woods Robyn L. , Bell Robin J. , McNeil John J. , Storey Elsdon , Egan Gary , Murray Anne M. , Trevaks Ruth E. , Ward Stephanie A. , Davis Susan R. , Ryan Joanne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe role of circulating sex hormones on structural brain ageing is yet to be established. This study explored whether concentrations of circulating sex hormones in older women are associated with the baseline and longitudinal changes in structural brain ageing, defined by the brain‐predicted age difference (brain‐PAD).DesignProspective cohort study using data from NEURO and Sex Hormones in Older Women; substudies of the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly clinical trial.PatientsCommunity‐dwelling older women (aged 70+ years).MeasurementsOestrone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and sex‐hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were quantified from plasma samples collected at baseline. T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline, 1 and 3 years. Brain age was derived from whole brain volume using a validated algorithm.ResultsThe sample comprised of 207 women not taking medications known to influence sex hormone concentrations. A statistically higher baseline brain‐PAD (older brain age relative to chronological age) was seen for women in the highest DHEA tertile compared with the lowest in the unadjusted analysis (p = .04). This was not significant when adjusted for chronological age, and potential confounding health and behavioural factors. Oestrone, testosterone and SHBG were not associated with brain‐PAD cross‐sectionally, nor were any of the examined sex hormones or SHBG associated with brain‐PAD longitudinally.ConclusionNo strong evidence of an association between circulating sex hormones and brain‐PAD. Given there is prior evidence to suggests sex hormones may be important for brain ageing, further studies of circulating sex hormones and brain health in postmenopausal women are warranted.
Resolution of peri‐implant mucositis at tissue‐ and bone‐level implants: A 6‐month prospective controlled clinical trial
Authors: Iorio‐Siciliano Vincenzo , Blasi Andrea , Isola Gaetano , Sculean Anton , Salvi Giovanni E. , Ramaglia Luca 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to compare resolution of inflammation of naturally occurring peri‐implant mucositis (PM) at tissue‐level (TL) and bone‐level (BL) implants after non‐surgical mechanical debridement.Materials and MethodsFifty‐four patients with 74 Implants with PM were allocated in two groups (39 TL and 35 BL implants) and treated by means of subgingival debridement using a sonic scaler with a plastic tip without adjunctive measures. At baseline and at 1, 3, 6 months, the full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS), full‐mouth bleeding score (FMBS), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and modified plaque index (mPlI) were recorded. The primary outcome was BOP change.ResultsAfter 6 months, the FMPS, FMBS, PD, and number of implants with plaque decreased statistically significantly in each group (p < .05); however, no statistically significant differences were found between TL and BL implants (p > .05). After 6 months, 17 (43.6%) TL and 14 (40%) BL implants showed a BOP change in (17.9%) and (11.4%), respectively. No statistical difference was recorded between groups.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of present study, the findings showed no statistically significant differences in terms of changes in clinical parameters following non‐surgical mechanical treatment of PM at TL and BL implants. A complete resolution of PM (i.e., no BOP at all implant sites) was not achieved in both groups.
High overexploitation risk due to management shortfall in highly traded requiem sharks
Authors: Sherman C. Samantha , Digel Eric D. , Zubick Patrick , Eged Jonathan , Haque Alifa B. , Matsushiba Jay H. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Sant Glenn , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMost of the international trade in fins (and likely meat too) is derived from requiem sharks (family Carcharhinidae), yet trade in only two of the 56 species is currently regulated. Here, we quantify catch, trade, and the shortfall in national and regional fisheries management (M‐Risk) for all 56 requiem shark species based on 831 assessments across 30 countries and four Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs). Requiem sharks comprise over half (60%) of the annual reported global Chondrichthyan catch with most species (86%) identified in the international fin trade. Requiem sharks are inadequately managed by fisheries, with an average M‐Risk of half (50%) of an ideal score, consequently 70% of species are threatened globally. The high catch and trade volume and shortfall in management of these iconic species require worldwide fisheries management for sustainable catch, supported by full implementation of CITES regulations for international trade of this newly listed family.
Impact of converting adult kidney transplant recipients with high tacrolimus variability from twice daily immediate release tacrolimus to once daily LCP‐Tacrolimus
Authors: Taber David J. , Bartlett Felicia , Patel Neha , Sprague Taylor , Patel Shikha , Newman Jessica , Andrade Erika , Rao Nikhil , Salas Maria Aurora Posadas , Casey Michael , Dubay Derek , Rohan Vinayak 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of converting to once daily, extended‐release LCP‐Tacrolimus (Tac) for those with high tacrolimus variability in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is not well‐studied.MethodsSingle‐center, retrospective cohort study of adult KTRs converted from Tac immediate release to LCP‐Tac 1‐2 years post‐transplant. Primary measures were Tac variability, using the coefficient of variation (CV) and time in therapeutic range (TTR), as well as clinical outcomes (rejection, infections, graft loss, death).ResultsA total of 193 KTRs included with a follow‐up of 3.2 ± .7 years and 1.3 ± .3 years since LCP‐Tac conversion. Mean age was 52 ± 13 years; 70% were African American, 39% were female, 16% living donor and 12% donor after cardiac death (DCD). In the overall cohort, tac CV was 29.5% before conversion, which increased to 33.4% after LCP‐Tac (p = .008). In those with Tac CV >30% (n = 86), conversion to LCP‐Tac reduced variability (40.6% vs. 35.5%; p = .019) and for those with Tac CV >30% and nonadherence or med errors (n = 16), LCP‐Tac conversion substantially reduced Tac CV (43.4% vs. 29.9%; p = .026). TTR significantly improved for those with Tac CV >30% with (52.4% vs. 82.8%; p = .027) or without nonadherence or med errors (64.8% vs. 73.2%; p = .005). CMV, BK, and overall infections were significantly higher prior to LCP‐Tac conversion. In the overall cohort, 3% had rejection before conversion and 2% after (p = NS). At end of follow‐up, graft and patient survival were 94% and 96%, respectively.ConclusionsIn those with high Tac CV, conversion to LCP‐Tac is associated with a significant reduction in variability and improvement in TTR, particularly in those with nonadherence or medication errors.
Immunohistochemical expression of TRPS1 in mammary Paget disease, extramammary Paget disease, and their close histopathologic mimics
Authors: Cho Woo Cheal , Ding Qingqing , Wang Wei‐Lien , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Curry Jonathan L. , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. , Ivan Doina , Albarracin Constance T. , Sahin Aysegul , Prieto Victor G. , Aung Phyu P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundTrichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TPRS1) expression has been found to be highly sensitive and specific for breast carcinomas. The frequency of TRPS1 expression in cutaneous neoplasms such as mammary Paget disease (MPD) and extramammary PD (EMPD) is currently unknown. We assessed the utility of TRPS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the evaluation of MPD, EMPD, and their histopathologic mimics, squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) and melanoma in situ (MIS).MethodsTwenty‐four MPDs, 19 EMPDs, 13 SCCISs, and 9 MISs were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using anti‐TRPS1 antibody. The intensity (none, 0; weak, 1+; moderate, 2+; strong, 3+) and proportion (<1%, absent; 1%–25%, focal; 26%–75%, patchy; >75%, diffuse) of TRPS1 expression were recorded. Relevant clinical data were documented.ResultsTPRS1 expression was present in 100% (24/24) of MPDs, with 88% (21/24) of MPDs exhibiting strong, diffuse immunoreactivity. Sixty‐eight percent (13/19) of EMPDs showed TRPS1 expression. Intriguingly, EMPDs lacking TRPS1 expression were consistently of perianal origin. TRPS1 expression was seen in 92% (12/13) of SCCISs but was absent in all MISs.ConclusionsTRPS1 may be useful to distinguish MPDs/EMPDs from MISs, but its utility is limited in distinguishing them from other pagetoid intraepidermal neoplasms such as SCCISs.
Real‐world impact of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide after 2 years of follow‐up: Results from a nationwide observational study in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Vilsbøll Tina , Lindahl Caroline Ø. , Nielsen Nick F. , Tikkanen Christian K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of treatment with once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA), for up to 2 years in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) managed in routine clinical practice.Materials and methodsThe study was based on data from national registries. People who redeemed at least one prescription of semaglutide and had 2 years of follow‐up were included. Data were collected at baseline and after 180, 360, 540 and 720 days of treatment (all timepoints ± 90 days).ResultsIn total, 9284 people redeemed at least one semaglutide prescription (intention‐to‐treat) and 4132 people redeemed semaglutide continuously (on‐treatment). For the on‐treatment cohort, the median (interquartile range) age was 62.0 (16.0) years, diabetes duration was 10.8 (8.7) years, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level was 62.0 (18.0) mmol/mol at baseline. A subset of the on‐treatment cohort, comprising 2676 people, had HbA1c measurements at baseline and at least once during 720 days. The mean (95% confidence interval) changes in HbA1c after 720 days were –12.6 (–13.6; –11.6) mmol/mol (P < 0.001) for GLP‐1RA‐naïve people, and –5.6 (–6.2; –5.0) mmol/mol (P < 0.001) for GLP‐1RA‐experienced people. Similarly, 55% of GLP‐1RA‐naïve people and 43% of GLP‐1RA‐experienced people reached a HbA1c target of ≤53 mmol/mol after 2 years.ConclusionsPeople treated with semaglutide in routine clinical practice experienced clinically relevant and sustained improvements in glycaemic control after 180, 360, 540 and 720 days, irrespective of former GLP‐1RA exposure, effects which were comparable with those observed in clinical studies. These results support the use of semaglutide in routine clinical practice for the long‐term management of T2D.
Sex pheromone of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda: identification of a trace component that enhances attractiveness and specificity
Authors: Tabata Jun , Nakano Ryo , Yasui Hiroe , Nakamura Keisuke , Takehara Koji , Matsuda Hiroshi , Ikenoue Yûki , Kusuhata Yûsuke , Kinjo Kunio , Nakama Kazue , Tsuha Yuko , Ishikawa Yukio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, but it has recently invaded the Eastern Hemisphere and spread rapidly. This migratory moth, which can fly long distances, now poses a global threat as a transboundary pest. To establish an efficient management program against this pest, monitoring of its occurrence is essential. Lures impregnated with four synthetic pheromone components of S. frugiperda – (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z9‐14:Ac), (Z)‐11‐hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)‐7‐dodecenyl acetate, and (Z)‐9‐dodecenyl acetate – are commercially available, and traps baited with them are used for monitoring. However, in Japan, these pheromone traps frequently capture many non‐target moths, particularly Mythimna loreyi (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). We therefore reexamined the sex pheromone of S. frugiperda in an attempt to improve the monitoring lures and discovered trace amounts of (Z,E)‐9,12‐tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9E12‐14:Ac) in female extracts at ca. 0.2% of the primary component (Z9‐14:Ac). We verified its activity in males by field trap bioassays as well as antennal electrophysiology and demonstrated that this fifth component enhances the attractiveness of synthetic pheromones composed of the other four components to S. frugiperda and reduces the bycatch of M. loreyi. As Z9E12‐14:Ac is found in pheromones of most Spodoptera species, it may have been a pheromone component in the common ancestor and played a key role in divergence of pheromone systems in the genus Spodoptera.
A comparative study of cold drying conditions on the physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties of dried chicken slices
Authors: Aykın‐Dinçer Elif , Erbaş Mustafa 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe aim of this study was to produce high‐quality dried chicken meat slices by a low‐temperature vacuum drying system. Chicken meat slices were cut in 2 and 4 mm thicknesses and then dried at the temperatures of 10 and 20 °C and the pressures of 1, 0.85 and 0.70 atm. The mean moisture content, water activity (aw) and pH values of the low‐temperature vacuum dried chicken slices were 41%, 0.90% and 6.23%, respectively. Depending on the temperature increase, the non‐protein nitrogen (NPN) (P < 0.01) value increased from 5.49 g per 100 g to 6.13 g per 100 g, and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (P < 0.01) value increased from 13.33 to 17.89 μmol MDA kg−1. The colour of samples changed from a lighter and yellow to a darker and brownish as the drying temperature, pressure and thickness increased. The cutting force was higher at 2 mm thickness (18.42 N) (P < 0.01) and 0.70 atm pressure (17.12 N) (P < 0.05) conditions. The samples dried at 10 °C, 0.70 atm and 2 mm had higher microbiological quality and the highest overall acceptability score (7.57).
Fabrication of grains from bioprocessed nutri‐cereal flours: assessment of cooking profile, phytochemical composition, secondary protein fractions and structural characteristics
Authors: Sharma Savita , Sharma Rajan , Bhandari Manisha , Singh Baljit 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe current study aimed at bioprocessing i.e. germination, fermentation and dual processing of different nutri‐cereals (red sorghum, white sorghum, foxtail millet, proso millet and barnyard millet) followed by their use in the development of fabricated grain in equal proportion with and without steaming. The fabricated grains were studied for cooking quality, bioactive composition and associated antioxidant activity, molecular interactions, structural characterisation and organoleptic evaluation. Bioprocessed fabricated grains had significantly lower cooking time, water absorption, and volume expansion but enhanced gruel solid loss while pre‐gelatinisation resulted in decreased losses. Bioprocessed fabricated grains had enhanced bioactive profiles when compared to pre‐gelatinised and control fabricated grains. Pre‐gelatinizaion modified the starch‐protein matrix preventing the leaching of compounds into the water. The results suggest that bioprocessed grains can be potential ingredients for the development of pre‐gelatinised fabricated grains.
Grace under pressure: Mental health nurses' stories of resilience in practice
Authors: Foster Kim , Evans Alicia , Alexander Louise 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMental health nurses experience both organizational and practice‐related stressors in their work. Resilience is an interactive process of positive adaptation following stress and adversity. There is limited evidence on how personal resilience is applied to mental health nursing practice. The aim of this interpretive narrative study was to explore mental health nurses' stories of resilience in their practice for the purpose of gaining an understanding of resilience resources they draw on when dealing with challenging workplace situations. A storytelling approach was used in semistructured phone interviews with 12 mental health nurses who measured high on resilience (Workplace Resilience Inventory) and caring behaviours (Caring Behaviours Inventory). Within and across case narrative analysis produced stories of resilient practice within four themes: proactively managing the professional self; sustaining oneself through supportive relationships; engaging actively in practice, learning and self‐care; and seeking positive solutions and outcomes. Nurses displayed poise in stressful situations and grace under pressure in demanding and emotionally challenging interactions, holding dignity and respect for self and others, with the aim of achieving positive outcomes for both. Resilient practice is the responsibility of organizations as well as individuals. To develop practice and support staff retention, we recommend organizations use tailored professional development to cultivate a growth mindset in new and experienced staff, develop organizational strategies to build positive team cultures, and prioritize strategies to reduce workplace stressors and strengthen staff psychological safety and well‐being. The use of narrative techniques in reflective practice and clinical supervision may help build nurses' resilience and practice.
Credit Markets with Time‐Inconsistent Agents and Strategic Loan Default
Authors: BHATTACHARYA JOYDEEP , BISHNU MONISANKAR , WANG MIN 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study credit contracts under a life‐cycle setting where time‐inconsistent agents lack the internal commitment to stick to consumption plans and external commitment to repaying loans. With unrestricted credit, agents with only internal commitment problems may overborrow. If, additionally, they face external commitment problems, lenders endogenously impose borrowing limits similar to the ability‐to‐repay rules consumer financial protection agencies impose. Even with restricted credit access, except in exceptional cases, agents suffering from the twin commitment problems can achieve, at most, fully sophisticated allocations. The government can achieve the first‐best allocations if and only if it is assisted with endogenously imposed borrowing limits.