bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aktuelles Management des Basalzellkarzinoms
Authors: Krieter Manuel , Schultz Erwin 
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?
Einteilung und Risikostratifizierung Zunehmende Bedeutung gewinnt die primäre Durchführung einer Risikostratifizierung, die für die weiteren diagnostischen und therapeutischen Schritte maßgeblich ist.
Diagnostik Zur Sicherung der klinischen Diagnose stehen verschiedene non-invasive Verfahren zur Verfügung. Eine histologische Diagnosesicherung wird in unklaren Fällen empfohlen. Bei schlecht verschieblichen Läsionen sollte eine präoperative Schnittbildgebung des Tumorareals erfolgen zum Ausschluss einer ossären Infiltration.
Therapie Goldstandard in der Behandlung bleibt weiterhin das operative Vorgehen, welches möglichst mittels mikrografisch kontrollierter Chirurgie erfolgen sollte. Daneben existieren weitere Therapieverfahren wie die Radiotherapie oder eine Reihe an topischen Therapieoptionen (photodynamische Therapie, Kryotherapie oder Applikation von 5-Fluoruracil bzw. Imiquimod), die in bestimmten Fällen zur Anwendung kommen können. Auch für fortgeschrittene oder metastasierte Basalzellkarzinome stehen mit den Hedgehog-Inhibitoren wirksame Medikamente zur Verfügung, für die inzwischen eine mehrjährige Anwendungserfahrung hinsichtlich Wirksamkeit und Umgang mit unerwünschten Ereignissen vorliegt. Mit dem PD-1-Inhibitor Cemiplimab steht seit Juni 2021 eine weitere therapeutische Option für nicht operable oder metastasierte Tumoren bereit.
Prävention und Nachsorge Wichtigste Maßnahme ist ein konsequenter textiler oder chemischer UV-Schutz bei bereits betroffenen Personen. Darüber hinaus können Nicotinamid und Celecoxib oral zur Prävention eingesetzt werden. Zur Nachsorge werden von der aktuellen S2k-Leitlinie regelmäßigen Selbstkontrollen und standardisierte ärztliche Kontrolluntersuchungen empfohlen.
Künstliche Intelligenz für die computerunterstützte Leukämiediagnostik
Authors: Matek Christian , Marr Carsten , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Spiekermann Karsten 
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?
Algorithmen auf Basis großer Datenmengen: Voraussetzung für die Anwendung von KI-Algorithmen ist eine hochqualitative Digitalisierung von Präparaten mit ausreichender Auflösung. Ferner ist die zuverlässige Annotation einer ausreichenden Menge von Trainings- und Testdaten nötig.
Umfangreiche Bilddatenbanken für die KI-gestützte Leukämiediagnostik: Zur Entwicklung von datengetriebenen Algorithmen wie z.B. neuronaler Netze ist die Bereitstellung großer, kuratierter Datenbanken nötig. Im Bereich der morphologischen Leukozyten-Differenzierung kann dazu z.B. die Annotation von Zehntausenden von Einzelzellen nötig sein. Neuere Methoden benötigen weniger manuelle Annotationen, jedoch in der Regel noch größere Trainingsdatensätze.
Methoden zur Nachvollziehbarkeit der Vorhersagen: Die „erklärbare KI“ stellt eine Reihe von Methoden bereit, die den Vorhersageprozess von neuronalen Netzen transparenter machen und für die Vorhersage relevante Anteile der Eingangsdaten erkennen. Dies ermöglicht Anwendern, die Vorhersagen des Algorithmus auf Plausibilität zu überprüfen und z.B. zu erkennen, ob bekanntermaßen diagnostisch aussagekräftige Strukturen wie Auer-Stäbchen erkannt wurden.
Voraussetzungen für die Routineanwendung: Für die breite Anwendung in der diagnostischen Routine sind Stabilitäts- und Robustheitsanalysen nötig, um sicherzugehen, dass die Algorithmen ihre Leistungsfähigkeit auch bei Schwankungen der Proben- und Digitalisierungsqualität behalten. Hierzu befinden sich bei den Zulassungsinstitutionen aktuell Standards in Entwicklung.
Perspektive Integrierte Diagnostik: Datenbasierte Algorithmen erlauben die Verknüpfung verschiedener diagnostischer Modalitäten und versprechen bei kombiniertem Zugang zu unterschiedlichen Befundarten eine noch höhere Genauigkeit, stellen allerdings auch noch höhere Ansprüche an die verwendete Datenbasis.
ESC-Leitlinie 2022 – Kardiovaskuläre Abklärung und Management von Patienten mit nicht kardialen chirurgischen Eingriffen – Eine fallorientierte Zusammenfassung einiger der wichtigsten Neuerungen
Authors: Winhard Maximilian , Mehilli Julinda 
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?Risikostratifizierung und präoperative Evaluation Die wesentlichen Neuerungen ergeben sich aus der Möglichkeit einer sehr individuellen Risikostratifizierung von Patienten, die sich nicht kardialen chirurgischen Eingriffen unterziehen, die sich aus einer patienten- sowie eingriffsorientierten Risikoeinteilung zusammensetzt.Perioperative Anpassung der medikamentösen Therapie Auch die klaren und zugleich individualisierbaren Handlungsempfehlungen hinsichtlich des perioperativen Managements gerinnungshemmender Therapien resultieren in unmittelbarer klinischer Relevanz.Perioperativer Myokardschaden (PMI) Ferner stellt die Aufwertung kardialer Biomarker sowohl im Rahmen der präoperativen Risikostratifizierung als auch der frühzeitigen Erkennung peri- und postoperativer (ischämischer) Myokardschädigungen eine relevante Neuerung mit unmittelbarem klinischen Bezug dar.
Progress in Hemostasis (Part 1): Improved Management of Inherited Platelet Disorders: Reality or Illusion?
Authors: Streif Werner 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlatelets are key drivers of hemostasis. Low platelet counts, dysfunction in platelet adhesion, and aggregation lead to increased bleeding tendency. Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) form a highly heterogeneous group of rare diseases with variable bleeding tendency. IPDs may be associated with other signs and symptoms often referred to as “syndromic.” The underlying genetic defect may prone patients to develop hematopoietic diseases such as leukemia. Over the last decade, accumulating knowledge in genetics has led to the detection of many “new” platelet disorders. However, still many patients with a well-described platelet dysfunction remain undetected until severe bleeding occurs.
Nitrene Cyclization of 2-(Trichloromethyl)-5-phenylpyrimidines: Application to the Synthesis of 2-(Trichloromethyl)pyrimido[4,5-b]indoles and Related Heterocycles
Authors: Romero-Ortega Moisés , Vargas-Cruz Ulises J. , Peralta-Chávez José G. , Romero-Reyes Misael A. , Martínez-Otero Diego 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn aromatic C–H nitrene insertion of 2-(trichloromethyl)pyrimidines bearing a phenyl substituent at the C-5 position is described. Treatment of 4-chloro-5-phenyl-2-(trichloromethyl)pyrimidines with sodium azide in DMF or the reflux of 4-azido-5-phenyl-2-(trichloromethyl)pyrimidines in toluene provided 2-(trichloromethyl)pyrimido[4,5-b]indole derivatives in moderate yields. Excellent yields of this heterocyclic system were obtained through the aromatic C–H insertion with the Du Bois catalyst. This is an attractive approach for synthesizing pyrimido[4,5-b]indoles with a trichloromethyl substituent in the pyrimidine moiety.
Quantifying the Stress in Stress Radiographs to Determine Sufficient Laxity of the Coxofemoral Joint: A Canine Hip Dysplasia Cadaveric Study
Authors: Vandekerckhove Louis M.J. , Herregodts Stijn , Saunders Jimmy H. , Broeckx Bart J. G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective While it has been known for a long time that laxity in the hip joint is the primary cause of degenerative changes later on in canine hip dysplasia, limited data are available on the fundamental characteristics that define the procedure used to quantify this. The aim of this study was to evaluate the force–laxity relation to assess the repeatability of repeated cycles of stress on the hip joint and determine the force necessary tomeasure a sufficient proportion of laxity present in hip joints.
Materials and Methods Thirty-four canine cadavers underwent a radiographic protocol including stress radiographs with increasing force using the Vezzoni modified Badertscher distension measuring device (VMBDmD). Three dogs underwent five repeat examinations. The laxity index (LI) and osteoarthritis were scored.
Results and Conclusion The curves and the maximal LI (LImax) were not significantly influenced by osteoarthritis, weight, gender, and side. The position of the VMBDmD influenced the curve but not the LImax. The force–laxity curve itself and the LImax were repeatable, which indicated that it did not cause permanent damage to the joint and also confirmed the practicability of the procedure. Ninety percent of hip joints reached sufficient laxity at a force of 95.32 N, which is realistically achievable. Further studies are necessary before extrapolating these results to patients and to further enlighten the biomechanics of stress radiographs.
Role of Parenteral Antibiotics in the Management of Extensive Burns
Authors: Sawhney C. P. , Sharma R. K. , Lagvankar S. P. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA total of 458 burn patients admitted in the Plastic surgery department of the Postgraduate Institute of Medial Education and Research, Chandigarh during 1982-1985 have been analysed. The situations have been identified where the use of parenteral antibiotics is indicated. Emphasis is laid upon the judicious and rational use of systemic antibiotics during the course of extensive burns especially in cases of established invasive sepsis.
Massive Ameloblastomas
Authors: Misra N. C. , Chandra R. , Bhattacharya S. , Chaturvedi A. , Jaiswal M. S. D. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryOur experience in the management of eleven cases of massive ameloblastomas of the jaws seen during the last fourteen years in the department of Surgery at the King George's Medical College, Lucknow is being presented. Immediate reconstruction of the jaw was attempted with either a bone graft or a stainless steel plate or K-wires as was feasible. Of the three modalities used for reconstructing the defect, bone grafts gave the best acceptable results.
A Clinical and Quantitative Bacteriological Study on Wound Infection and Effects of Some Topical Anti-Microbial Agents on Wound Healing
Authors: Gupta Sandipan , Dutta Subir K. , Ganguli A. C. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA total of 165 cases of burns were evaluated by surface swab culture and quantitative biopsy cultures. Staphylococci was the most frequent single organism isolated, although Gram-negatives exceeded the Gram-positives ones. Surface swab culture was found to be a generally reliable indication in 70% of the cases. Framycetin was found to be superior to Povidone iodine and Silver sulphadiazine as far as topical antimicrobial agents are concerned.
Microvascular Femoral Vein Anastomosis in Experimental Rats—A Histopathologic Study
Authors: Srivastava D. C. , Sinha J. K. , Khanna Shushila , Tripathi F. M. , Bhattacharya V. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryIn the present work we have carried out end-to-end anastomosis in 40 femoral veins with an average diameter of 1 mm in experimental rats. The patency was achieved in 80 percent. Histopathological examination of the representative specimen of anastomosed veins were carried out at the end of 7 to 14 day and the findings are reported. Correct apposition of the cut ends of the vein and minimal medial damage were found to be the most important factors in the success of microvenous anastomosis.
Island Tongue Flap*
Authors: Bhattacharya S. , Chaturvedi A. , Jaiswal M. S. D. , Bhatnagar S. K. , Misra N. C. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryIn a clinico-anatomical study in ten cadavers and 24 patients of oral cancer a new island myomucosal flap, the “Island Tongue Flap” was designed and standardized in our unit. Based on the ipsilateral lingual artery and its venae comitantes this island flap was used to cover defects in the check, floor of mouth and aropharynx. Speech, swallowing and disposal of saliva were least affected post-operatively.
Resurfacing of the Knee Joint after Release of Contracture
Authors: Saha Ila , Chatterji S. , Roy A. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryFifteen cases of post burn contracture of the knee were resurfaced after release of contracture by the medial head of gastrocnemius muscle and free skin graft, during the last 5 years period. It was found to be a much superior and useful method as compared to the conventional method of free skin grafting.
Closure of Lumbosacral Meningomyelocele Defects with Triple Rhomboid (Limberg) Flaps
Authors: Sharma R. K. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe primary closure of the meningomyelocele defects is a challenging problem and calls for urgent closure of the defect. The author describes a method of closure of the lumbosacral meningomyelocele defect with the help of triple rhomboid flaps (Limberg). The defect is converted to a hexagon which incorporates three rhomboids, on which, three limberg flaps are designed utilizing the laxity of available skin. The technique is simple to design and execute and is safe and reliable.
A method for consistent cavitation bubble generation at different voltages
Authors: Prabhakar Akurati , Sarkar Urbesh , Ghoshal Ritwik , Ghoshal Anirban 
Published: August 2023

A study of the dynamics of a single cavitation bubble is fundamental for understanding a wide range of applications in science and engineering. Underwater electrical discharge is a widely used method for generating cavitation bubbles to study their inception, subsequent dynamics, and collapse. In this work, an existing underwater low-voltage discharge circuit for generating cavitation bubbles is improved further to get a wider range of maximum bubble radius. In this novel electric circuit design, the operating voltage can be varied (up to 420 V in steps of 60 V) by connecting a network of capacitors in different series-parallel combinations with the help of relay-based control. Therefore, this device can generate oscillating cavitation bubbles up to a maximum radius of 14 mm by adjusting the available discharge energy. A voltage sensor circuit is included in this design to measure the drop in voltage during the sparking event, and a correlation between the delivered energy and the potential energy of the bubble is established. The dependence of bubble radius on circuit resistance, electrode resistance, and electrode material is studied for the entire voltage range. A suitably rated semiconductor field effect transistor is used as a switch that enables the generation of bubbles of a consistent maximum radius and ensures the repeatability of the experiment. A high-speed imaging system is used to estimate the bubble radius and nucleation period, which are compared with the existing theoretical models based on empty cavity collapse. Results show that delaying the oxidation of electrodes with a protective layer influences the collapse phase and the average pressure inside the spark-generated bubble.
Effect of pH on corrosion behaviour of CoCrNi MEA imposed by alternating current in Na2CO3/NaHCO3 solution
Authors: Zhang Chenglong , Zhu Min , Yuan Yongfeng , Guo Shaoyi , Wei Guoying 
Published: August 2023

The corrosion behaviour and mechanism of CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy (MEA) imposed by alternating current (AC) in HCO3−/CO32− solution with various pH were systematically investigated via a series of corrosion tests. The results showed that with the augment of pH value, the polarisation resistance of the MEA decreased significantly, Ep shifted negatively, and ipI value increased, as well as corrosion rate was enhanced, revealing that the corrosion resistance was weakened. As solution pH increased, the formation of secondary passivation zone became easier, which may be attributed to the reaction conversion process of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) species. Moreover, the increase in pH led to an increase in defect density and a thinning of passivation film, facilitating the corrosion of the MEA. AC interference accelerated the ion exchange process and promoted the formation possibility of stable pitting. Higher iAC and pH inhibited the repassivation of metastable pitting, and increased the pitting susceptibility. Highlights The effect of pH on the corrosion behaviour of CoCrNi MEA with imposed AC was clarified. High pH and iAC accelerated the nucleation and growth of metastable pits. With increased pH and iAC, the stability and protective ability of passive film were weakened. The secondary passivation of the MEA was mainly due to the conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) species.
Injection of metallic elements into an electron-beam ion trap using an electron impact metal vapor source
Authors: Kimura Naoki , Kiyama Genichi , Ito Daiki , Nakamura Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate a versatile method for injecting metallic elements into an electron-beam ion trap using a metal vapor source. This method is based on the evaporation of a metal target by continuous electron-beam impact. We present visible emission spectra of highly charged tungsten ions prepared by the present injection scheme. By comparison with the conventional injection method using a high-vapor-pressure W(CO)6 compound, several advantages of the present method, i.e. suppressing charge exchange reactions in the trap region and quick recovery of the vacuum condition after stopping the injection, are found. The present injection method also facilitates the measurement of emission spectra of highly charged niobium ions, which have never previously been observed using electron-beam ion traps.
Low-coherence and broadband confocal refractometry: reducing the measurement time
Authors: Francis D , Hallam J M , Tatam R P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the steps taken to improve the measurement speed of a combined low-coherence and confocal refractive index measurement system. The instrument measures the refractive index and thickness of transparent plates using a fibre-based low-coherence interferometer with a line-scan spectrometer. The spectrometer allows on-line dispersion measurement which is necessary to derive the sample thickness t as well as both the phase and group refractive indices n
p, n
g. The measurements were performed on a sample with six surfaces consisting of three glass windows mounted in a lens tube. Experimental results show that a measurement time of 4.4 s for the multi-layered object, which has a total thickness of approximately 10.5 mm, can be achieved whilst maintaining an accuracy of better than 0.1% for n
p, n
g, and t. This represents an approximately hundredfold improvement over previously published measurements.
α decay half-lives of nuclei W, Re, Os, Ir and Pt in the range 157≤A≤193 using the modified generalised liquid drop model (MGLDM)
Authors: Anjali V K , Santhosh K P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The α-decay half-lives for the isotopes of nuclei W, Re, Os, Ir and Pt in the range

157
≤
A
≤
193
,

have been studied by using the Modified Generalised Liquid Drop Model (MGLDM). The half-lives predicted for some even–even nuclei by using the deformed Two Potential Approach (TPA) [Comm. Theo. Phys. 74, 055301 (2022)] are considered and included for the comparison. Additionally, we have analysed the α-decay half-lives using eight ℓ-dependent empirical formulae, and compared the results with the experimental data. The standard deviation and the average deviation for

log

1
0

T

1

/

2

by using MGLDM is obtained as 0.6025 and 0.5403, respectively. Also, the results of MGLDM match well with predictions of TPA, with standard deviation of 0.47 and 0.44 respectively. A dip in the half-life curve or a peak in the decay energy curve at 82, a magic neutron number of the daughter nuclei of

W

74

158

increases the viability of the calculations. Also, the linear nature of Geiger-Nuttall law, Universal law, the relation connecting

log
10

T

1
/
2

and

Z

Q
α

−
1
/
2

,

and the New Geiger-Nuttall law helps to calculate the half-lives of newly synthesized and unknown isotopes, making MGLDM more reliable.
First-principles study on tunable optoelectronic properties of monolayer Mo1−xWxSe2 alloys and defect engineered electronic properties of Mo1−xWxSe2 alloys
Authors: Afrid Sheikh Mohd Ta-Seen , Utsha Swagata Goswami , Zubair Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
When two lattice-matched nanoparticles with different band gaps, namely MoSe2 and WSe2, are alloyed to construct a ternary compound, the resulting mixture exhibits interesting changes in dynamic stability, electronic, and optoelectronic features. Subsequently, by introducing single Se vacancy in Mo1−xWxSe2 alloys, dynamic stability and electronic properties of the alloys are modulated. In this work, we conducted first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory (DFT) to evaluate the tunable stability and physical properties of two dimensional monolayer Mo1−xWxSe2 and defective Mo1−xWxSe2 for different alloy compositions. Our investigation discloses that the direct band gap in these alloys could be modulated with nonlinear dependency on composition. On the other hand, band gap reduced significantly for every composition in defective Mo1−xWxSe2 alloy and chalcogen vacancies induced non-zero density of states (DOS) within the band gap. These defects change the structure of the valence and conduction band and therefore the significant increase in effective mass which results in a reduction in mobility. The other electronic parameters were gradually tuned by varying composition in pure and defected alloys including DOS, charge densities, charge accumulation, mobility, and effective mass. Pure and defective Mo1−xWxSe2 alloys were energetically and dynamically stable. Furthermore, the high optical absorption of the alloys can be utilized in optoelectronic devices. The findings of this work revealed the tunability of the physical properties of Mo1−xWxSe2 and defective Mo1−xWxSe2 by alloying and will be beneficial to design nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices with enhanced performance.
Summary of a Life in Observational Ultraviolet/Optical Astronomy
Authors: York Donald G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
I reminisce on my early life in Section 1; on my education in Sections 2 and 3; on the years at Princeton as a research astronomer in Section 4; on the years on the faculty at Chicago in Section 5; on research on Diffuse Interstellar Bands (DIBs) in Section 6; on construction of the 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory (APO) in Section 7; on work on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in Section 8; on work in public education in Chicago in Section 9; and on my travels in Section 10. My main science research is of an observational nature, concerning Galactic and intergalactic interstellar gas. Highlights for me included my work on the orbiting telescope Copernicus, including the discovery of interstellar deuterium; early observations of absorption associated with five-times ionized oxygen; and discoveries concerning the phases of gas in the local interstellar medium, based on previously unobservable interstellar UV spectral lines. With other instruments and collaborations, I extended interstellar UV studies to the intergalactic cool gas using quasi-stellar object QSO absorption lines redshifted to the optical part of the spectrum; provided a better definition of the emission and morphological character of the source of absorption lines in QSO spectra; and pursued the identification of the unidentified DIBs. For several of these topics, extensive collaborations with many scientists were essential over many years. The conclusions developed slowly, as I moved from being a graduate student at Chicago, to a research scientist position at Princeton and then to a faculty position at Chicago. At each stage of life, I was exposed to new technologies adaptable to my science and to subsequent projects. From high school days, I encountered several management opportunities which were formative. I have been extremely fortunate both in scientific mentors I had and in experimental opportunities I encountered.