bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Perioperative Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam-Ketamine Premedication in Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Yıldırım Müge Yüce , Ülgey Ayşe , Talih Gamze , Doğan Hakkı , Güneş Işın 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam-ketamine combination for premedication on sedation quality, oculocardiac reflex development, mask tolerance, and separation from parents in children who would undergo strabismus surgery.

Methods:
A total of 74 patients aged 2 to 11 years, were divided into two groups. The dexmedetomidine group (n = 37) received 1 mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine and the midalozam-ketamine group (n = 37) received 0.1 mg/kg of midazolam and 7.5 mg/kg of ketamine combination intranasally. Mean arterial pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, Ramsay Sedation Scale values, and heart rate were recorded before and after the premedication. The children's separation from the family scores were evaluated and recorded. The mask compliance was evaluated and recorded. Patients who developed oculocardiac reflex and were administered atropine were recorded. In the postoperative period, nausea and vomiting, recovery times, and postoperative agitation were evaluated.

Results:

Ramsay Sedation Scale scores, mask acceptance, and family separation scores were similar in both groups (
P
> .05). Oculocardiac reflex was observed more in the dexmedetomidine group (
P
= .048). Atro-pine requirement and postoperative nausea and vomiting rates were similar in both groups (
P
> .05). Mean arterial pressures and heart rates were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group during the pre-medication period. The recovery time was longer in the midazolam-ketamine group (
P
< .001). The incidence of postoperative agitation was significantly lower in the midazolam-ketamine group (
P
= .001).

Conclusions:
The sedation efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam-ketamine combination that were given in premedication was similar. Oculocardiac reflex was observed more with dexmedetomidine. The recovery time was prolonged in the midazolam–ketamine group, but postoperative agitation was observed less.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(6):427–434.]
Cataract Formation Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Fernandez Tricia A. , Carr Evan W. , Hajrasouliha Amir R. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To analyze post-vitrectomy cataract formation in the pediatric population to elucidate the number of phakic children requiring cataract surgery following vitreous surgery and the perioperative factors affecting cataract development in these patients.

Methods:
Eyes of pediatric patients that underwent phakic pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with no prior cataract in a 10-year period were included. Analyses evaluated relationships between patient age and time to cataract surgery, as well as contributing factors for cataract formation. Final visual outcomes were also examined. Outcomes were collected for patient age at first vitrectomy, indication for vitrectomy, use of tamponade agents, history of ocular trauma, cataract status, and time to cataract surgery from first vitrectomy.

Results:

Of 44 eyes analyzed, 27 (61%) were noted to have some degree of cataract formation. Of these, 15 (56%; 34% of total eyes) underwent cataract surgery. Use of octafluoropropane (
P
= .04) or silicone oil (
P
= .03) positively correlated with the need for cataract surgery in the total study group. Patients requiring cataract surgery had worse endpoint visual acuities than those who did not undergo surgery (
P
= .02), although this difference becomes less significant in follow-up over 2 years (
P
= .30). Patients who had cataracts but did not need cataract surgery showed an improvement in visual acuity (
P
= .04), but this was not demonstrated in patients who did need cataract surgery (
P
= .90).

Conclusions:
Pediatric eye care providers should be aware of the significant risk of cataract formation following a phakic PPV.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(6):421–426.]
Novel Virtual Vision Screening Program: Give Kids Sight Day 2020
Authors: Green Caitlin P. , Lai Michael J. , Gore Rujuta A. , Wu Connie M. , Zhang Qiang (Ed) , Sharpe James E. , Elias Rebecca J. , Wasserman Barry N. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To determine whether a low-technology novel virtual vision screening protocol can reliably screen pediatric visual acuity.

Methods:
Give Kids Sight Day (GKSD), an annual out-reach program, aims to provide free vision screening and ophthalmic care to underserved children in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Children were screened virtually through the low-technology protocol. Based on screening results, 152 children were provided in-person eye examinations. Data from in-person examinations were compared to data from virtual screenings for 151 children who were seen in-person.

Results:

Of 475 children screened virtually, 152 children were seen in-person for examination, and 151 children were included in the analysis. Results from 151 children (mean age: 10.7 years, age range: 5 to 18 years, 43% female, 28% speaking a non-English language) were reviewed. There was a moderate correlation (
R
= .64,
P
< .0001; n = 100 children) between screening and in-person visual acuity without refractive correction and a strong correlation (
R
= 0.82,
P
< .0001; n = 18 children) between screening and in-person visual acuity with refractive correction. Of the 140 children who were seen in-person, 133 children were provided glasses prescriptions. Seventeen children required a referral to a pediatric ophthalmologist for evaluation of ophthalmic conditions, most commonly strabismus (5.3%) and amblyopia (4%).

Conclusions:
The GKSD virtual visual acuity testing demonstrated good correlation with in-person visual acuity testing, supporting the virtual screening approach as a useful tool for future applications in widespread community vision outreach programs. Further studies are needed to refine virtual ophthalmic screening to optimize its applications in bridging the gaps in ophthalmic care.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(6):390–395.]
The Effect of Camera and Display Technology on the Reliability of Digital Shade Evaluation
Authors: Kumar Aswini , Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam , Harikrishnan D. , Sajeev Rahul , Rejithan Athira , Karuveettil Vineetha , Suresh Reshma 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
For a successful prosthodontic rehabilitation, accurate and economic shade selection methods are warranted. Shade selection with digital cameras and various commonly used digital displays can be suggested as an alternative to expensive colorimetric instruments and inaccurate visual shade selection. To digitalize prosthetic rehabilitation, standards need to be set on minimum digital specifications required to capture and communicate accurate shade selection. This study aimed to establish a minimum specification required for a digital image, to achieve the most accurate result in prosthodontic shade selection, using digital photography.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 dental professionals with normal color vision. Sixteen shade tabs were randomly selected from two commonly used shade guides and were photographed using four different commonly used digital cameras under standardized settings. After dividing the shade tabs into four groups randomly, the images were displayed on four different outputs. Participants were made to match the outputs to a complete set of shade guide. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the proportion of correct responses. Chi-square test was used to test for the presence of statistical association between the groups.

Results:
For digital shade evaluation, output from the compact camera (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) with an effective output of 14 megapixel showed higher number of responses in terms of accuracy, in comparison with other devices which produced digital outputs with a higher pixel density. The shades were identified best on outputs with a higher pixel density of 2560 × 1600-pixel resolution, followed by full HD LCD display (1920 × 1080-pixel resolution).

Conclusion:
This study recommends digital photography using a 14-MP camera as a minimum specification for shade selection. For display outputs, laptops with a screen resolution of at least 1920 × 1080, calibrated in standard red, green, blue color space is recommended for visual shade selection.
Prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder among Engineering Students Aged 18–25 Years
Authors: Palal Nevin J. , Mohandas Sreelakshmi , Mathew Minu Maria , Raj Aravind S. , Mohan Aravind V. , Bari Abdul , K. P. Amrithachandra , Krishna R. Aravindh 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
The number of mobile game users has increased globally over the last few years. Gaming has been reported as a new way of satisfying basic human needs within the constraints of the current modern society. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among engineering students aged 18–25 years in the Ernakulam district of Kerala and the associated risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
This was an online-based cross-sectional study among engineering colleges in Ernakulam district of Kerala selected by simple random sampling. Students with psychiatric ailments were excluded from the study. On the basis of the prevalence of IGD, reported by Mihara and Higuchi in 2017, the minimum calculated sample size for this study using the formula, n = (4*pq)/d2 was 291. The study tool was a semi-structured questionnaire with three segments: socio-demographic profile, IGD, and Internet gaming behavior pattern. As data were collected using Google Forms, data were downloaded from Google Sheet and exported to and analyzed using SPSS software program, version 20.0.

Results:
The study had 271 participants and most of them were males. The mean age group of the study population was 22.77 years. The prevalence of IGD was found to be 2.2%. In the associated risk factors, people living alone were found to have a significant association with IGD.

Conclusion:
Although the prevalence observed in our research is low, more attention needs to be given to keeping the prevalence low, as the number of gamers in India has been constantly increasing.
Clinical outcomes of prestripped, prestained, and preloaded Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (“P3 DMEK”)
Authors: Juratli Lena , Qureshi Sana , Liles Nathan , Hussain Munira , Hood Christopher , Mian Shahzad I. 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE:
Despite faster healing and reduced risk of rejection, some surgeons are hesitant to adopt Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) due to difficult intraoperative tissue preparation. Use of eye bank prestripped, prestained, and preloaded (p3) DMEK tissue can reduce the learning curve and risk of complications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We conducted a prospective study including 167 eyes undergoing p3 DMEK and compared outcomes to a retrospective chart review of 201 eyes that underwent standard DMEK surgery. The primary outcomes were graft failure, detachment, and re-bubbling frequency. The secondary outcomes included baseline and postoperative visual acuity at months 1, 3, 6, and 12. Baseline and postoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell counts (ECC) were collected.

RESULTS:
ECC decrease for p3 DMEK at 3, 6, and 12 months were 15.0%, 18.0%, and 21.0%, respectively. Forty (24%) of p3 DMEK and 72 (35.8%) of standard DMEK eyes had at least a partial graft detachment. There was no difference in CCT, graft failures, or re-bubble frequency. At 6 months, mean visual acuity was 20/26 and 20/24 for standard and p3 DMEK, respectively. Mean case time for p3 DMEK with phaco or p3 DMEK alone was 33 and 24 min, respectively. Mean case time for eyes undergoing DMEK with phaco or DMEK alone was 59 and 45 min, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
P3 DMEK tissue is safe and can provide excellent clinical outcomes that are comparable to standard DMEK tissue. Eyes undergoing p3 DMEK may have lower graft detachment and ECC loss.
Pemetaan lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan Di distrik aifat, aitinyo dan Ayamaru Utara Kabupaten Maybrat
Authors: Tubur Herman , Sagrim M , Bachri S , Naa K , Howay M 
Published: February 2023

Land is the main factor of agriculture development and food production, but along with the population increase, the pace of development, and the increase in the function of land for food also affect the availability of land to support national food security. The research was conducted in November–December 2020 in Maybrat Regency in 3 districts, North Ayamaru, Aifat and Aitinyo, to find out Characteristics of the slope of the land for the development of food crop agriculture, potential land as Sustainable Food Agricultural Land and Sustainable Food Agricultural Reserve Land and Mapping the physical aspects of land in the LP2B and LCP2B land areas.
The results showed that the total land area in 3 observation districts with flat conditions (slope 0-8%) suitable for food crop development was 42,239 ha, with details of Aifat 23,166 ha, Aitinyo 13,731 ha, and North Ayamaru 5,341 ha. Based on the slope aspect, the potential area to be built and the availability of road infrastructure, there are 7,091 ha of potential land for sustainable food agriculture (LP2B) and 6,698 ha of sustainable food agriculture reserves (LP2B). Physical factors for the development of LP2B and LCP2B such as soil depth, drainage and commodities are in the appropriate category.
The respiratory exercise significance in the olfaction restoration in the postcovid period
Authors: Nikolenko V. N. , Sankova M. V. , Zoller M. V. , Oganesyan M. V. , Zilov V. G. , Garkavy D. A. , Strizhkov A. E. 
Published: February 2023

One of the pathognomonic COVID‑19 signs, occurring in 85‑98% of patients, is olfactory dysfunction, developing in the absence of pronounced inflammation and edema of the nasal mucosa. A promising medicine direction that helps restore microcirculation, increase blood oxygenation, improve metabolism and regenerate olfactory epithelial cells is the Nadi Shodhana breathing exercise technique.Objective: To assess the possibilities of using the pranayama technique as a method of restorative olfactory treatment in the post‑covid period.Materials and methods: 79 persons aged 22 to 68 years with olfactory disturbances occurring at COVID‑19 and persisting in the post‑covid period were examined. As a restorative treatment for olfactory disorders, the patients of the main group were offered a course of Nadi Shodhana breathing exercises, which is an alternate nostril breathing. Breathing training consisted of three such cycles performed three times a day at the same time for 15 days. The possibility of using the pranayama technique was assessed according to the visual analog scale. The control group consisted of 74 patients with olfactory disorders after COVID‑19 comparable in sex and age with the main group.Results: Olfactory disorders are characteristic of post‑COVID patients. Using Nadi Shodhana breathing exercise course can significantly reduce the olfactory dysfunction level in this patient category. It was showen that the pranayama technique is more effective in people under 40 years of age. It was also established that the olfaction restoration largely depends on the duration of the dysfunction period.Conclusion: The study results make it possible to recommend the using breathing exercises in patients underwent COVID‑19 to restore olfaction in the post‑COVID period.
Somatotypological characteristics of athletes of various sports
Authors: Vybornaya K. V. 
Published: February 2023

Objective: currently, many researchers are evaluating the morphological parameters of athletes in order to determine the morphofunctional status, which is only a small part of a comprehensive survey devoted, for example, to assessing nutrition or sports achievements. However, the primary task of sports morphology remains the search for “preferred” or “reference” somatotypes characteristic of a particular sport, since the key to sports success is not only the most effective fitness and endurance, but also the morphological status characteristic of a particular sport (anthropometric indicators, body composition and somatotypological profile).Purpose of the study: to summarize the data available to date, based on the results of original studies related to sports somatotypology.Materials and methods: to solve the tasks set, an analysis of the scientific and methodological literature devoted to the somatotypological characteristics of athletes of various groups and sports was used. 29 literature sources were analyzed, the data of literary (15) and own (14) studies on the problem of sports somatotypology were summarized.Results: the summary tables contain the somatotypological characteristics of athletes according to the time periods of work on determining the somatotypological profile of athletes. Table 1 presents the results of examinations by Mrtirosov Eduard Georgievich, a leading specialist in the field of functional and sports morphology, whose research dates back to the 1980s — 2000s. Table 2 contains a few results of studies conducted over the past 10 years, in which, as in the studies of Martirosov E.G., emphasis was placed on an integrated approach to assessing the physical development of athletes. Table 3 shows the result of studies carried out as part of the work of the Laboratory of Sports Anthropology and Nutrition (since January 2022 — the Laboratory of Anthroponutriology and Sports Nutrition) of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology" from 2018 to 2021, affecting some groups of sports, with the aim of determining the dynamics of the components of the somatotype of athletes depending on gender, age, sport, weight category, as well as playing roles.
Supply Chain Technical Alliances and Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Kenya
Authors: Rajab Fatuma , Ngugi Patrick , Kiarie David 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of supply chain technical alliances on performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya
Methodology: The correlational research design was used in carrying out the study. The study used Fisher’s formula to sample 234 manufacturing firms from the total population of 596 registered in Kenya Association of Manufacturers directory. The respondents of the study included managers in all 234 selected manufacturing firms. This research utilized a structured questionnaire to collect data. The study used SPSS version 25.0 to code, process and to carry out descriptive and inferential analysis. The analysed data was displayed using tables, graphs, and bar charts.
Results: Supply chain technical alliances has positive and significant relationship with performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya at p<0.05. This implies that upholding and enhancing supply chain technical alliances activities leads to improvements in performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The regression model established that the R value was 0.651 while the R2 was 0.423 which indicated that the variability of the supply chain technical alliances on the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya could be explained by up to 63.1% of the model and the P-value was 0.000<0.05. This implies that the model was fit to determine the relationship between supply chain technical alliances and performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya and therein make conclusions and recommendations.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: While the existing Social exchange theory of supply chain technical alliances used in this study was validated, the study recommends that managers in each manufacturing firm need to consider having supply chain technical alliances strategies in place as it leads to high organizational performance. The firms should ensure they collaborate with other firms on technical skills, sharing technology and acquired knowledge. The study recommended that manufacturing firms policy makers need to establish a policy framework to expedite effective strategies for supply chain technical alliances adoption to facilitate performance of their business operations.
Айрим МДҲ дaвлaтлaри жинoят-прoцeссуaл қонунчилигида прeюдицияни қўллаш мaсaлaлaри
Authors: Уралов Сарбон 
Published: February 2023

Тадқиқотнинг вазифалари белгиланган мақсадни амалга оширишга қаратилган бўлиб, жиноят процессида суд ҳужжaтлaрининг мaжбурийлиги хусусияти илмий-назарий жиҳатдан таҳлил қилинди, жинoят-прoцeссуaл ҳуқуқидa прeюдиция тушунчaси вa ушбу институтнинг ривожланиш тaриxи ўрганилди, қoнуний кучгa киргaн суд қaрoрлaрининг прeюдициaл aҳaмияти аниқланган, суд прoцeссидa прeюдицияни қўллaшнинг зарурий шартлари ёритиб берилди. Суд муҳокамасидa исбoт қилиш прeдмeти вa доирасини тадқиқ қилиш орқали хорижий мамлакатлар тажрибаси ўрганилди.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES USOS E MANEJOS DO SOLO NO SEMIÁRIDO PARAIBANO
Authors: De Sousa Ramos Renata , Pereira Junior Ednaldo Barbosa , Nonato Moreira Joserlan , Roserlândio Botão Nogueira Francisco , Jones da Silva João , De Sales Oliveira Filho Francisco , Batista Silva Rodrigues Marília Hortência , Alberto Lins Cassimiro Carlos 
Published: February 2023

Estudar as dinâmicas das propriedades dos solos é um processo importante em áreas em que o solo é submetido a diferentes práticas, pois pode indicar alternativas de manejo, além de possibilitar estimativas de respostas dos atributos do solo em função de determinadas práticas realizadas. O trabalho foi realizado em duas etapas, para condução da pesquisa se fez a seleção de quatro ambientes, sendo uma Área de Preservação Permanente (APP), a Agrofloresta (A), uma Área pastejo ovino (APO) e o Pomar da Goiabeira (PG). Depois de realizada a primeira etapa (seleção e caracterização), foi conduzida a segunda, que consistiu na divisão das áreas de estudos em cinco partes iguais, equivalente às repetições, dentro de cada uma foram coletadas três amostras simples para formar uma amostra composta coletada nas profundidades 0 – 20 cm, sendo analisados os atributos químicos a seguir: pH, fósforo, potássio, sódio, cálcio, magnésio e matéria orgânica, determinadas no laboratório de solo, água e planta do Instituto Federal da Paraíba – Campus Sousa. O delineamento experimental seguido foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), para a coleta do solo sobre os atributos químicos, sendo considerados como tratamentos os quatros sistemas de uso do solo como T1=área de preservação permanente (APP), T2= agrofloresta (A), T3= área pastejo ovino (APO) e T4= pomar da goiabeira (PG) com cinco repetições. As melhores características químicas do solo foram expressas pelos sistemas de acordo com as seguinte ordem: Àrea de Preservação Pemanente (APP), seguido por Agrofloresta (A), Pomar de goiabeira (PG) e área pastejo ovino (APO).