bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ring annuloplasty, optionally combined with edge-to-edge leaflet plications, should be amended with subvalvular repair techniques to efficaciously treat tricuspid regurgitation with severe tethering
Authors: Takeshita Masashi , Arai Hirokuni , Nagaoka Eiki , Oi Keiji , Fujiwara Tatsuki , Oishi Kiyotoshi , Mizuno Tomohiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of tricuspid annuloplasty with/without additional edge-to-edge plications in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and to clarify the impact of tethering on surgical outcomes.

METHODS
This retrospective observational study included patients with moderate or greater functional TR who underwent initial tricuspid valve repair between January 2008 and December 2021. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they had tethering (preoperative tethering area ≥0.75 cm2). All patients underwent annuloplasty, and edge-to-edge plications were added at the regurgitant leakage site identified by saline tests. The surgical outcomes of each group and the effect of tethering on recurrent moderate or greater TR were evaluated.

RESULTS
One hundred and thirty-three patients were included in this study. During the follow-up period of 55.3 (standard deviation: 44.9) months, the 5-year survival rates were 78.4% in patients without tethering and 76.1% in patients with tethering (P = 0.78). The 5-year cumulative incidence rates of readmission for heart failure and recurrent TR were 10.8% and 1.3% in patients without tethering and 23.0% and 29.5% in patients with tethering, respectively (P = 0.12 and &lt;0.001). Multivariable analyses revealed that the preoperative and predischarge tethering areas predicted recurrent TR. A large tethering area remained postoperatively in patients with tethering.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients without tethering, annuloplasty and additional edge-to-edge plications are effective in avoiding recurrent TR with satisfactory midterm clinical outcomes. However, in patients with tethering, these procedures resulted in residual tethering, which could be leading to recurrent TR.
Valvular complex and tissue remodelling in ovine functional tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Iwasieczko Artur , Gaddam Manikantam , Gaweda Boguslaw , Goodyke Austin , Mathur Mrudang , Lin Chien-Yu , Zagorski Joseph , Solarewicz Monica , Cohle Stephen , Rausch Manuel , Timek Tomasz A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Pathophysiology of function tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) is incompletely understood. We set out to comprehensively evaluate geometric and tissue remodelling of the tricuspid valve complex in ovine FTR.

METHODS
Twenty adult sheep underwent left thoracotomy and pulmonary artery banding (PAB) to induce right heart pressure overload and FTR. After 8 weeks, 17 surviving animals and 10 healthy controls (CTL) underwent sternotomy, echocardiography and implantation of sonomicrometry crystals on right ventricle and tricuspid valvular apparatus. Haemodynamic and sonomicrometry data were acquired in all animals after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Leaflet tissue was harvested for pentachrome histologic analysis and biomechanical testing.

RESULTS
Animal weight was 62 ± 5 and 63 ± 3 kg for CTL and PAB, respectively (P = 0.6). At terminal procedure, systolic pulmonary artery pressure was 22 ± 3 and 40 ± 7 mmHg for CTL and PAB, respectively (P = 0.0001). The mean TR grade (+0–4) was 0.8 ± 0.4 and 3.2 ± 1.2 (P = 0.0001) for control and banded animals, respectively. Right ventricle volume (126 ± 13 vs 172 ± 34 ml, P = 0.0019), tricuspid annular area (651 ± 109 vs 865 ± 247 mm2, P = 0.037) and area between papillary muscle tips (162 ± 51 vs 302 ± 75 mm2, P = 0.001) increased substantially while systolic excursion of anterior leaflet decreased significantly (23.8 ± 6.1° vs 7.4 ± 4.5°, P = 0.001) with banding. Total leaflet surface area increased from 806 ± 94 to 953 ± 148 mm2 (P = 0.009), and leaflets became thicker and stiffer.

CONCLUSIONS
Detailed analysis of the tricuspid valve complex revealed significant ventricular, annular, subvalvular and leaflet remodelling to be associated with ovine functional tricuspid regurgitation. Durable surgical repair of severe FTR may require a multi-level approach to the valvular apparatus.
CELTA tutors’ beliefs about online tutoring practices
Authors: Hasper Anna , Barkhuizen Gary 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although a number of studies have explored the experiences of remote English language teaching in response to COVID-19, yet to be addressed is English language teacher-educators’ beliefs regarding their online tutoring practices. This article reports on the finding of a study which attempted to identify tutors’ beliefs about the differences between face-to-face (F2F) and online tutoring and the knowledge and skills required for online tutoring. Data collected through a questionnaire and follow-up interviews reveal that instructional strategies were regarded as a main difference between F2F and online tutoring, followed by the use of technology. However, knowledge about technology and how to use it was believed to be most important for tutoring in an online environment. Implications of the study include creating structured professional learning opportunities for online tutors, incorporating a focus on managing well-being, and developing awareness of the trainees’ sociocultural context.
Penicillin-binding protein 1b encoded bymrcB gene mediates the enhancement of biofilm formation by subinhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime in monophasicSalmonellaTyphimurium strain SH16SP46
Authors: Wang Mengran , Wang Jing , Li Tian , Bao Xue , Li Pengyun , Zhang Xiuling , Huang Qi , Meng Xianrong , Li Shaowen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDevelopment of cefotaxime-resistance and biofilm formation increase the difficulty to prevent and control the infection and contamination of Salmonella, one of the most important foodborne and zoonotic bacterial pathogen. Our previous study observed that 1/8 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefotaxime induced the enhancement of biofilm formation and filamentous morphological change by a monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain SH16SP46. This study was designed to explore the role of three penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in mediating the induction effect of cefotaxime. Three deletion mutants of the genes mrcA, mrcB, and ftsI, encoding the proteins PBP1a, PBP1b, and PBP3, respectively, were constructed using the parental Salmonella strain SH16SP46. Gram staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that these mutants showed normal morphology comparable to the parental strain without cefotaxime treatment. However, under the stress of 1/8 MIC of cefotaxime, the strains WT, ΔmrcA, and ΔftsI, rather than ΔmrcB, exhibited filamentous morphological change. Moreover, cefotaxime treatment significantly enhanced biofilm formation by the strains WT, ΔmrcA, and ΔftsI, but not by the ΔmrcB strain. The complement of mrcB gene in the ΔmrcB strain recovered the enhanced biofilm formation and filamentous morphological change induced by cefotaxime. Our results suggest that PBP1b encoded by mrcB gene may be a binding target of cefotaxime for initiating the effect on Salmonella morphology and biofilm formation. The study will contribute to further understanding of the regulatory mechanism of cefotaxime on Salmonella biofilm formation.
A Prisoner, Legislator, and Jurist: Joseph Lamm’s Legal Legacy in Relation to the Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, 1950
Authors: Dori Deston Yehudit , Porat Dan 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
In recent years, a number of studies have explored the unique legal phenomenon of the Israeli court cases that applied the Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law of 1950. The defendants were Jewish kapos or members of the Jewish police, themselves Holocaust survivors, who were considered to be collaborators with the Nazis. Most of these studies point out how these trials blurred the lines between criminal law and moral judgment, focusing on either the legislators, the defendants, or the court. In contrast, the present article examines the trials through the lens of one individual who was central to shaping and implementing the law: Joseph Lamm. Lamm’s contribution stemmed from three different positions: from his experience as a prisoner in the Dachau camp, as a legislator who formulated the 1950 law, and as a judge in two criminal proceedings based on the law (which ended in opposite legal outcomes). The article argues that Lamm’s personal experiences shaped his perceptions of the dual function of the law as both practical and declarative. This, in turn, affected his understanding of the law’s content (as a legislator) and how it should be interpreted (as a judge).
Girls’ Voices: Jewish Teenage Diarists from Central and Eastern Europe as Witnesses of the Holocaust and Cultural Resisters in Concentration Camps and Ghettos
Authors: Bitunjac Martina , Markowska-Manista Urszula 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The diaries of the teenage girls Renia Spiegel (Poland), Rutka Laskier (Poland), Sheindi Miller-Ehrenwald (Hungary), Ana Novac (Romania), Éva Heyman (Romania/Hungary), Masha Rolnikaite (Lithuania) and Helga Weiss (Czechoslovakia) share several characteristics. They were all written by diarists who were of Jewish origin; lived in Central and Eastern Europe; and were persecuted, intimidated, and deported to a ghetto and/or concentration camp. Some of the diarists were murdered by the National Socialists. To cope with their traumatic experiences, the girls risked their lives by entrusting their thoughts, fears, and insights to their diaries. In this study, these individual authors are not seen as passive victims, but rather—despite their young age—as eyewitnesses, chroniclers, and cultural resistance fighters. Regardless of the subjectivity and childish or adolescent perspective from which they were written, their works are valued and understood as important historical documents.
Protecting the Right to Social Participation of Older Persons in Long-Term Care under Article 19 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Morrison-Dayan Rachel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn public attention to the long-standing issues of social isolation and loneliness of older persons living in residential long-term care (LTC) and has increased awareness of the importance of social participation. This article aims to contribute towards a shift in the understanding of how the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) may be applied in aged-care. It argues that the CRPD, in particular Article 19 (Living independently and being included in the community), has considerable potential to protect the right to social participation. It is also argued that changes in LTC settings and support may assist in protecting this right. Furthermore, the participation of older persons in this process and cultural change within LTC provider organizations and the general community is crucial. However, applying the Convention in the aged-care context raises challenges that require further consideration by human rights mechanisms.
A shared pattern of altered gene expression in human embryos affected by mitochondrial diseases
Authors: Chatzovoulou Kalliopi , Mayeur Anne , Cagnard Nicolas , Zarhrate Mohammed , Bole Christine , Nitschke Patrick , Jabot-Hanin Fabienne , Rötig Agnès , Monnot Sophie , Munnich Arnold , Frydman Nelly , Steffann Julie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Does mitochondrial deficiency affect human embryonic preimplantation development?

SUMMARY ANSWER
The presence of a pathogenic mitochondrial variant triggers changes in the gene expression of preimplantation human embryos, compromising their development, cell differentiation, and survival.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Quantitative and qualitative anomalies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are reportedly associated with impaired human embryonic development, but the underlying mechanisms remain unexplained.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
Taking advantage of the preimplantation genetic testing for mitochondrial disorders in at-risk couples, we have compared gene expression of 9 human embryos carrying pathogenic variants in either mtDNA genes or nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial protein to 33 age-matched control embryos.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Single-embryo transcriptomic analysis was performed on whole human blastocyst embryos donated to research.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Specific pathogenic mitochondrial variants downregulate gene expression in preimplantation human embryos [566 genes in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-deficient embryos], impacting transcriptional regulators, differentiation factors, and nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. These changes in gene expression primarily alter OXPHOS and cell survival pathways.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
The number of OXPHOS-deficient embryos available for the study was limited owing to the rarity of this material. However, the molecular signature shared by all these embryos supports the relevance of the findings.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
While identification of reliable markers of normal embryonic development is urgently needed in ART, our study prompts us to consider under-expression of the targeted genes reported here, as predictive biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction during preimplantation development.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
This work was supported by the ‘Association Française contre les Myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)’ and the ‘La Fondation Maladies Rares’. No competing interests to declare.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
The Compilation of the English–Slovene Dictionary of Criminal Justice and Security Abbreviations
Authors: Kompara Lukančič Mojca 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The article highlights the compilation of specialised dictionaries, focusing mainly on the characteristics of dictionary entries of abbreviations in terminological dictionaries for Slovene. Special attention is given to the compilation and characteristics of the dictionary entries of abbreviations in the Slovene terminological dictionaries published by the Fran Ramovš Institute of the Slovenian language. The paper presents an overview of the characteristics of the terminological dictionaries for Slovene and provides examples of good practice that were used in the compilation of the English–Slovene Dictionary of Criminal Justice and Security Abbreviations. The paper presents the microstructure of the dictionary, and selected examples of Slovene and English–Slovene dictionary entries, as well as the overall compilation process, the selection of terms and the inclusion of related subfields. The English–Slovene Dictionary of Criminal Justice and Security Abbreviations is a growing dictionary compiled in the freely available dictionary mask Termania, and freely accessible on the portal Slovarji.si. The dictionary is the first Slovene terminological dictionary of abbreviations for the field of criminal justice and security.
Afidopyropen as a potential tool for Potato leafroll virus management in post-neonicotinoid potato production
Authors: Angelella Gina M , Waters Timothy D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) has been well managed by neonicotinoids since their widespread adoption in the United States, becoming virtually absent from seed and production fields in the Northwest. However, with increasing interest in discontinuing neonicotinoid usage, there is concern that PLRV could enjoy a resurgence in the absence of effective alternative chemistries. We tested the effects of afidopyropen, an insecticide with novel mode of action, on PLRV transmission and the feeding/probing behavior of its primary vector, the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer]). Afidopyropen foliar sprays decreased PLRV transmission by individual green peach aphids relative to water controls: PLRV acquisition from treated potato plants and subsequent transmission was reduced by 89%, and PLRV inoculation by viruliferous aphids to treated potato plants was reduced by 35%. Although electropenetrograph analyses following 4-h recordings of individual aphids on potato plants showed decreases in the total and mean duration of phloem feeding (E) on plants subject to an afidopyropen treatment relative to water, these only trended toward significance. Taken together, these results suggest treatment with afidopyropen can decrease PLRV transmission in potatoes, but that significant changes in feeding/probing might not occur quickly post-exposure. Overall, while the reductions in transmission were not as dramatic as have been observed following neonicotinoid treatments, afidopyropen may be a useful alternative and should be evaluated in field experiments.
Morphological relationships among populations support a single taxonomic unit for the North American Gray Wolf
Authors: Khidas Kamal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) is viewed as one of the most diverse mammal species. In North America, the diversity of its forms is debated, with views conflicting on subspecies designation. The present study aimed to reinvestigate the skull morphometric variation among North American populations while attempting to unveil underlying causal factors. A large sample of vouchered museum skulls, collected from 12 ecogeographical populations spanning the North American range of the species, was examined and 21 craniodental characters were measured. Skull shape showed within-population variations but provided evidence for a high morphological affinity among populations. Allometric analyses also pointed to similar evolutionary paths among populations. However, significant size-related differentiation was revealed within and among populations. Skull size could be related to three insulin-like growth factor-1 gene (IGF-1) alleles. Ecological conditions that should determine prey type and availability accounted for most of the skull size variation. In contrast, no evidence of geographical isolation of populations was detected. The results support the existence of a single morphological pool of North American gray wolf populations that could be equated with one taxonomic unit. This study raises again the question of the diversity of forms in this species in North America and calls into question the validity of previously recognized species and subspecies based on genetics and morphology.
Posterior cervical necrotising fasciitis: a multidisciplinary endeavour in surgery
Authors: Lee Jia Hui , Foo Fung Joon , Wong Allen Wei-Jiat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 62-year-old male was diagnosed to the Emergency Department with 5-cm posterior neck carbuncle, and was subsequently discovered to have severe necrotising fasciitis intraoperatively during saucerization of the carbuncle. Subsequently, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit and underwent combined debridement by the General Surgery, Neurosurgery and Plastic Surgery team. The large defect necessitated a trapezius flap reconstruction for coverage. Three months post-surgery, the patient had recovered well with the full range of movement of his neck.
A VLA monitoring study of JVAS B1422+231: investigation of time delays and detection of extrinsic variability
Authors: Biggs A D 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of two seasons of archival, multifrequency VLA monitoring of the quad lens system JVAS B1422+231, the 15-GHz data of which have previously been published. The 8.4- and 15-GHz variability curves show significant variability, especially in polarization, but lack features on short time-scales that would be necessary for an accurate measurement of the very short predicted time delays ($\lesssim$1 d) between the three bright images. Time delays can only realistically be measured to the very faint image D and for the first time we detect its long-term variability and determine its polarization properties. However, image-dependent (extrinsic) variability (including variations on time-scales of hours) is present in multiple images and the magnitude of this is largest in image D at 15 GHz (±10 per cent). As the variations appear to increase in amplitude with frequency, we suggest that the most likely cause is microlensing by compact objects in the lensing galaxy. Combining the monitoring data allows us to detect a faint arc of emission lying between images B and C and the jets responsible for this are imaged using archival VLBA data. Finally, we have also measured the rotation measure of the three bright images and detected the polarization properties of image D.
The implications of large binding energies of massive stripped core collapse supernova progenitors on the explosion mechanism
Authors: Shishkin Dmitry , Soker Noam 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We examine the binding energies of massive stripped-envelope core collapse supernova (SECCSN) progenitors with the stellar evolution code mesa, and find that the jittering jets explosion mechanism is preferred for explosions where carbon–oxygen cores with masses of ${\gtrsim} 20 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ collapse to leave a neutron star (NS) remnant. We calculate the binding energy at core collapse under the assumption that the remnant is an NS. Namely, stellar gas above mass coordinate of ${\simeq} 1.5\text{{--}}2.5 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ is ejected in the explosion. We find that the typical binding energy of the ejecta of stripped-envelope (SE) progenitors with carbon–oxygen core masses of $M_{\rm CO} \gtrsim 20 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ is $E_{\rm bind} \gtrsim 2 \times 10^{51} {~\rm erg}$. We claim that jets are most likely to explode such cores as jet-driven explosion mechanisms can supply high energies to the explosion. We apply our results to SN 2020qlb, which is an SECCSN with a claimed core mass of ${\simeq} 30\!-\!50 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, and conclude that the jittering jets explosion mechanism best accounts for such an explosion that leaves an NS.
Homologous recombination suppresses transgenerational DNA end resection and chromosomal instability in fission yeast
Authors: Pai Chen-Chun , Durley Samuel C , Cheng Wei-Chen , Chiang Nien-Yi , Peters Jennifer , Kasparek Torben , Blaikley Elizabeth , Wee Boon-Yu , Walker Carol , Kearsey Stephen E , Buffa Francesca , Murray Johanne M , Humphrey Timothy C 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) drives cell-to-cell heterogeneity, and the development of genetic diseases, including cancer. Impaired homologous recombination (HR) has been implicated as a major driver of CIN, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using a fission yeast model system, we establish a common role for HR genes in suppressing DNA double-strand break (DSB)-induced CIN. Further, we show that an unrepaired single-ended DSB arising from failed HR repair or telomere loss is a potent driver of widespread CIN. Inherited chromosomes carrying a single-ended DSB are subject to cycles of DNA replication and extensive end-processing across successive cell divisions. These cycles are enabled by Cullin 3-mediated Chk1 loss and checkpoint adaptation. Subsequent propagation of unstable chromosomes carrying a single-ended DSB continues until transgenerational end-resection leads to fold-back inversion of single-stranded centromeric repeats and to stable chromosomal rearrangements, typically isochromosomes, or to chromosomal loss. These findings reveal a mechanism by which HR genes suppress CIN and how DNA breaks that persist through mitotic divisions propagate cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the resultant progeny.