bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of native isolates of Trichoderma spp. for controlling potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in Nepal
Authors: Rokaya Nisha , Paneru Anita , Timila Ram Devi , Dhital Shambhu Prasad , Shrestha Ram Kumar , KC Gopal Bahadur , Manandhar Hira Kaji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLate blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease of potato worldwide that can cause up to 100% crop loss under disease conducive conditions. The present study was carried out to evaluate and identify effective Trichoderma isolates against the disease. Thirty‐nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. isolated at Nepal Plant Disease and Agro Associates (NPDA), Kathmandu from Likhu areas of Nuwakot, Nepal were screened against P. infestans in detached leaf assay for their efficacy in reducing the lesion size of late blight. Fifteen isolates significantly reduced lesion size by 19%–46% compared with the control (water spray). Of them, top 10 isolates along with Sanjeevni (T. viride), a commercial product were tested in field experiments under natural epiphytotic conditions at Thansing and Dhikure of Likhu Rural Municipality in 2020–2021 and 2022–2023 crop years, respectively. The Trichoderma isolates significantly (p < .001) increased plant growth, tuber yield and reduced disease severity in both years. In 2020–2021, isolates, TL1‐2A, TL4‐81A and TL5‐21A reduced disease severity by 37.3%, 37.2% and 30.4%, respectively. The isolate TL1‐2A also significantly increased plant height, ground coverage and tuber yield by 41.2%, 30.3% and 72.3%, respectively compared with the control (water spray). In 2022–2023, TL1‐2A reduced disease severity by 40.2% and increased tuber yield by 46.4%. Other isolates, though significantly different from control, did not have satisfactory effect on disease control and tuber yield. In both years, the isolate TL1‐2A significantly reduced the disease, and increased plant growth and tuber yield. Thus, TL1‐2A isolate can be a potential candidate as a biocontrol agent for the integrated management of potato late blight in Nepal.
Intraoperative hypertensive crisis in a dog with functional paraganglioma of the gall bladder
Authors: Horikirizono H. , Nakaichi M. , Itoh H. , Itamoto K. , Nemoto Y. , Sunahara H. , Tani K. 
Published: August 2023

A 15‐year‐old spayed female mongrel presented with anorexia and an abdominal mass. The mass originated from the gall bladder and was surgically resected along with divisionectomy of the central hepatic division. Paroxysmal hypertension and tachycardia were noted during manipulation of the mass. Following resection, arterial blood pressure decreased significantly. Histopathological analysis confirmed a diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin A yielded diffuse and strong positive results, while gastrin was positive in only 10% of the cells. The preoperative elevated concentrations of catecholamine in the urinalysis showed a marked decrease after surgery. Based on these findings, the tumour was diagnosed as a functional paraganglioma of the gall bladder. The patient has undergone regular thoracic radiographs and ultrasound examinations and, until 431 days after surgery, has shown no signs of metastases or recurrences. Based on our literature search, we report the first case of functional paraganglioma of the gall bladder in a dog.
Automated reconstruction model of a cross‐sectional drawing from stereo photographs based on deep learning
Authors: Park Jun Su , Park Hyo Seon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study presents a novel, deep‐learning‐based model for the automated reconstruction of a cross‐sectional drawing from stereo photographs. Targeted cross‐sections captured in stereo photographs are detected and translated into sectional drawings using faster region‐based convolutional neural networks and Pix2Pix generative adversarial network. To address the challenge of perspective correction in the photographs, a novel camera pose optimization method is introduced and employed. This method eliminates the need for camera calibration and image matching, thereby offering greater flexibility in camera positioning and facilitating the use of telephoto lenses while avoiding image‐matching errors. Moreover, synthetic image datasets are used for training to facilitate the practical implementation of the proposed model in construction industry applications, considering the limited availability of open datasets in this field. The applicability of the proposed model was evaluated through experiments conducted on the cross‐sections of curtain wall components. The results demonstrated superior measurement accuracy, compared with those of current methods of laser scanning or camera‐based measurements for construction components.
Multiclass seismic damage detection of buildings using quantum convolutional neural network
Authors: Bhatta Sanjeev , Dang Ji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe traditional visual inspection technique for damage assessment of buildings immediately after an earthquake can be time‐consuming, labor‐intensive, and risky. Numerous studies have been carried out using deep learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural network (CNN), to evaluate the damage to building structures after an earthquake using buildings’ damage images. Quantum computing, on the other hand, is a computing environment that can exploit superposition and entanglement, which are not available in classical computing environments, to achieve higher performance using parallelism between qubits. This paper presents a novel quantum CNN (QCNN) approach to detect damage to reinforced concrete (RC) buildings from images after the earthquake. The QCNN model is developed and trained using the RC building damaged images collected from past earthquakes. The performance of this model is evaluated based on the multiclass damage detection ability of the real‐world RC building damaged images collected from the recent earthquake in Turkey in February 2023. Furthermore, the seismic damage detection accuracy obtained from the QCNN model is compared with various CNN architecture results.
Host–mosquito interactions in rural and urban equestrian facilities from temperate Argentina
Authors: Cardo María V. , Vezzani Darío 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTargeted vector surveillance informed by data on mosquito biting patterns can help limit arboviral zoonotic diseases. To characterise host‐biting networks in rural and urban equestrian facilities from temperate Argentina, adult resting mosquitoes were collected (December 2018–April 2019) with a battery‐powered aspirator. Engorged females were sorted to species, and their blood source was identified using molecular techniques. Bipartite network analysis was performed for rural and urban matrices. A total of 177 bloodmeals from 11 mosquito species of Aedes and Culex were identified, with seven mammal and 17 bird species recognised as hosts. Mammals represented 61% of the total feeds, mainly horse, dog and sheep; the best represented avian hosts were Columbiformes. Aedes species and Culex maxi fed only on mammals, while most other Culex species presented a wide range of hosts. The rural network had more nodes and interactions than its urban counterpart, both with some degree of host selection and aggregated patterns according to network indices. Culex quinquefasciatus was the strongest species in both networks, whereas Culex apicinus and Culex dolosus had a prominent role in the rural network. Bipartite network analysis will contribute to understanding the effects of urbanisation in the dynamics of vector‐borne diseases.
Does pandemic uncertainty spur public health expenditures? Evidence from European Union economies
Authors: Chang Wentao , Zhou Xinjian , Nazar Raima , Ali Sajid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis research intends to evaluate the asymmetric relationship between pandemic uncertainty and public health expenditures in selected European Union nations (Germany, France, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Netherlands, Denmark, Spain, Finland, and Portugal). Earlier studies used panel data methodologies to get consistent results about the pandemic–health expenditures nexus, irrespective of the reality that numerous economies did not identify such a link independently. By contrast, the present research utilizes a unique technique, quantile‐on‐quantile, that explores time‐series dependency in every nation by offering worldwide yet country‐related insight into the linkage between the variables. Estimations reveal that pandemic uncertainty increases public health expenditures in most of the selected economies at specified quantiles of data. Additionally, the data indicate that the level of asymmetries among our variables varies by country, stressing the significance of policymakers paying special attention while executing policies concerning health expenditures and pandemic uncertainty.
Occurrence and conversion of progestogens and androgens are conserved in land plants
Authors: Shiko Glendis , Paulmann Max‐Jonas , Feistel Felix , Ntefidou Maria , Hermann‐Ene Vanessa , Vetter Walter , Kost Benedikt , Kunert Grit , Zedler Julie A. Z. , Reichelt Michael , Oelmüller Ralf , Klein Jan 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Progestogens and androgens have been found in many plants, but little is known about their biosynthesis and the evolution of steroidogenesis in these organisms. Here, we show that the occurrence and biosynthesis of progestogens and androgens are conserved across the viridiplantae lineage.
An UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method allowed high‐throughput analysis of the occurrence and chemical conversion of progestogens and androgens in 41 species across the green plant lineage.
Dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone are plants' most abundant mammalian‐like steroids. Progestogens are converted into 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone and 5α‐pregnane‐3,20‐dione. Androgens are converted into testosterone and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone. 17,20‐Lyases, essential for converting progestogens to androgens, seem to be most effective in monocot species.
Our data suggest that the occurrence of progestogens and androgens is highly conserved in plants, and their biosynthesis might favor a route using the Δ4 pathway.
A prophage tail‐like protein facilitates the endophytic growth of Burkholderia gladioli and mounting immunity in tomato
Authors: Chandan Ravindra Kumar , Kumar Rahul , Kabyashree Kristi , Yadav Sunil Kumar , Roy Mandira , Swain Durga Madhab , Jha Gopaljee 
Published: August 2023

Summary

A prophage tail‐like protein (Bg_9562) of Burkholderia gladioli strain NGJ1 possesses broad‐spectrum antifungal activity, and it is required for the bacterial ability to forage over fungi. Here, we analyzed whether heterologous overexpression of Bg_9562 or exogenous treatment with purified protein can impart disease tolerance in tomato. The physiological relevance of Bg_9562 during endophytic growth of NGJ1 was also investigated.

Bg_9562 overexpressing lines demonstrate fungal and bacterial disease tolerance. They exhibit enhanced expression of defense genes and activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases. Treatment with Bg_9562 protein induces defense responses and imparts immunity in wild‐type tomato.

The defense‐inducing ability lies within 18–51 aa region of Bg_9562 and is due to sequence homology with the bacterial flagellin epitope. Interaction studies suggest that Bg_9562 is perceived by FLAGELLIN‐SENSING 2 homologs in tomato. The silencing of SlSERK3s (BAK1 homologs) prevents Bg_9562‐triggered immunity. Moreover, type III secretion system‐dependent translocation of Bg_9562 into host apoplast is important for elicitation of immune responses during colonization of NGJ1.

Our study emphasizes that Bg_9562 is important for the endophytic growth of B. gladioli, while the plant perceives it as an indirect indicator of the presence of bacteria to mount immune responses. The findings have practical implications for controlling plant diseases.
The indigenous housekeeper: Colonies, sexuality and eugenics inBendsjé(1931),Le coup de chicotte(1930) andWie Grete aufhörte ein Kind zu sein(1913)
Authors: De Boodt Robrecht 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs colonial regimes became more entrenched, the African indigenous ‘housekeeper’ became a popular and highly controversial topic in Belgian and German colonial literature. Indigenous women were euphemistically calledménagèresor ‘housekeepers’ to veil their sexual function at a colonial's residence. In a period of history where racial and eugenic anxieties ran rampant across Europe, the colonies seemingly eluded the increasingly frustrated European homeland's social and eugenic control. Given the ambiguous and controversial status of the indigenous housekeeper, this theme triggered a wide range of literary responses across different countries and in various languages, particularly by ex‐colonials. Ernest Tilemans'sBendsjé of de Liefde der N[*](1931), Mathelin de Papigny'sLe coup de chicotte(1930) and Hans Grimm'sWie Grete aufhörte ein Kind zu sein(1913) illustrate this variety by, respectively, attempting to absolve individual male colonials, presenting the phenomenon as proof of the colonies' ‘corrupting’ influence or to conduct fictional social and eugenic colonial experiments. Regardless of their approach, all three works instrumentalise eugenic vocabulary and imagery to draw an otherwise private male sexuality into the public sphere. Moreover, these works demonstrate colonial writing's function as a vital tool for social and eugenic observation and control.
A near‐complete assembly of asparagus bean provides insights into anthocyanin accumulation in pods
Authors: Yang Yi , Wu Zhikun , Wu Zengxiang , Li Tinyao , Shen Zhuo , Zhou Xuan , Wu Xinyi , Li Guojing , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAsparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedialis), a subspecies of V. unguiculata, is a vital legume crop widely cultivated in Asia for its tender pods consumed as vegetables. However, the existing asparagus bean assemblies still contain numerous gaps and unanchored sequences, which presents challenges to functional genomics research. Here, we present an improved reference genome sequence of an elite asparagus bean variety, Fengchan 6, achieved through the integration of nanopore ultra‐long reads, PacBio high‐fidelity reads, and Hi‐C technology. The improved assembly is 521.3 Mb in length and demonstrates several enhancements, including a higher N50 length (46.4 Mb), an anchor ratio of 99.8%, and the presence of only one gap. Furthermore, we successfully assembled 14 telomeres and all 11 centromeres, including four telomere‐to‐telomere chromosomes. Remarkably, the centromeric regions cover a total length of 38.1 Mb, providing valuable insights into the complex architecture of centromeres. Among the 30 594 predicted protein‐coding genes, we identified 2356 genes that are tandemly duplicated in segmental duplication regions. These findings have implications for defence responses and may contribute to evolutionary processes. By utilizing the reference genome, we were able to effectively identify the presence of the gene VuMYB114, which regulates the accumulation of anthocyanins, thereby controlling the purple coloration of the pods. This discovery holds significant implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of color determination and the breeding process. Overall, the highly improved reference genome serves as crucial resource and lays a solid foundation for asparagus bean genomic studies and genetic improvement efforts.
A site selection framework for urban power substation at micro‐scale using spatial optimization strategy and geospatial big data
Authors: Yao Yao , Feng Chenqi , Xie Jiteng , Yan Xiaoqin , Guan Qingfeng , Han Jian , Zhang Jiaqi , Ren Shuliang , Liang Yuyun , Luo Peng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe world is facing more energy crises due to extreme weather and the rapidly growing demand for electricity. Siting new substations and optimizing the location of existing ones are necessary to address the energy crisis. The current site selection lacks consideration of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in urban power demand, which results in unreasonable energy transfer and waste, leading to power outages in some areas. Aiming to maximize the grid coverage and transformer utilization, we propose a multi‐scene micro‐scale urban substation siting framework (UrbanPS): (1) The framework uses multi‐source big data and the machine learning model to estimate fine‐scale power consumption for different scenarios; (2) the region growing algorithm is used to divide the power supply area of substations; and the (3) location set coverage problem and genetic algorithm are introduced to optimize the substation location. The UrbanPS was used to perform siting optimization of 110 kV terminal substations in Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province. Results show that the coverage and utilization rate of the optimization results under different power consumption scenarios are close to 99%. We also found that the power can be saved by dynamic regulation of substation operation.
Globalisation and the fall of markups
Authors: Gradzewicz Michał , Mućk Jakub 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper provides the evidence of a fall of markups of price over marginal costs in Poland over the period 2002–2016. Markups were calculated using a census of firms and the methodology proposed by De Loecker and Warzynski (2012; American Economic Review, 102(6)). The fall of markups is robust to several empirical identification strategies. Moreover, the decline of markups is not related to changes in a sectoral composition and firms demography and is most severe in exporting firms. Our empirical results relate the fall of markups to the globalisation and the emergence of the Global Value Chains. We show that an increasing reliance on imported components in production, together with a rising concentration of domestic firms on export markets are the main factors behind the observed compression of markups. We also document a hump‐shaped (U‐shaped) relationship between foreign value added in exports (distance from final demand) and markups.
Use of computational biology to compare the theoretical tertiary structures of the most common forms of RhCE and RhD
Authors: Trueba‐Gómez Rocio , Rosenfeld‐Mann Fany , Baptista‐González Hector A. , Domínguez‐López María L. , Estrada‐Juárez Higinio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesComputational biology analyses the theoretical tertiary structure of proteins and identifies the ‘topological’ differences between RhD and RhCE. Our aim was to identify the theoretical structural differences between the four isoforms of RhCE and RhD using computational biological tools.Materials and MethodsPhysicochemical profile was determined by hydrophobicity and electrostatic potential analysis. Secondary and tertiary structures were generated using computational biology tools. The structures were evaluated and validated using Ramachandran algorithm, which calculates the single score, p‐value and root mean square deviation (RMSD). Structures were overlaid on local refinement of ‘RhAG‐RhCE‐ANK’ (PBDID 7uzq) and RhAG to compare their spatial distribution within the membrane.ResultsAll proteins differed in surface area and electrostatic distance due to variations in hydrophobicity and electrostatic potential. The RMSD between RhD and RhCE was 0.46 ± 0.04 Å, and the comparison within RhCE was 0.57 ± 0.08 Å. The percentage of amino acids in the hydrophobic thickness was 50.24% for RhD while for RhCE it ranged between 73.08% and 76.68%. The RHAG hydrophobic thickness was 34.2 Å, and RhCE's hydrophobic thickness was 33.83 Å. We suggest that the C/c antigens differ exofacially at loops L1 and L2. For the E/e antigens, the difference lies in L6. By contrast, L4 is the same for all proteins except Rhce.ConclusionThe physicochemical properties of Rh proteins made them different, although their genes are homologous. Using computational biology, we model structures with sufficient precision, similar to those obtained experimentally. An amino acid variation alters the folding of the tertiary structure and the interactions with other proteins, modifying the electrostatic environment, the spatial conformations and therefore the antigenic recognition.
Fracture Toughness of Hydrogel Laminates: Experiments, Theory, and Modeling
Authors: Cai Yijie , Shen Zihang , Jia Zheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Possessing enhanced mechanical durability and multiple novel functions, hydrogel laminates have found wide applications in diverse areas, including stretchable and bio-integrated electronics, soft robotics, tissue engineering, and biomedical devices. In the aforementioned scenarios, hydrogels are often required to sustain large deformation without mechanical failure over a long time. Compared to the fast movement in functions design, the failure mechanism of hydrogel laminates has been much less explored and researched, as well as laminates’ fracture toughness—a key parameter characterizing their fracture behavior. To address this largely unexplored issue, this article further studies the fracture toughness of hydrogel laminates both experimentally and theoretically. A kind of modified pure-shear test suitable for measuring the fracture toughness of hydrogel laminates is proposed, which is then applied to testing a PAAm-PAA laminate’s toughness. Through theoretical analysis and numerical modeling, the experimentally observed enhancement in the fracture toughness of PAAm-PAA laminates is explained—the fracture toughness of the laminates covers the energy required for both the crack and concomitant interfacial delamination to propagate, and the theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental results. The results from this study provide quantitative guidance for understanding the fracture behavior of hydrogel laminates.
Structure and Organization of Sport for People With Intellectual Disabilities Across Europe
Authors: Marin-Urquiza Adriana , Burns Jan , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia , Van Biesen Debbie 
Published: August 2023

Opportunities to participate and compete in sports for athletes with intellectual disability (ID) have increased; however, this group still encounters limitations in accessing a comprehensive range of sports. This study addressed the current knowledge on how sport for people with ID is organized and the relationships between the major sport organizations for people with ID across 10 European countries. The participants were 29 national sport organizations for people with ID. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with representatives from the key organizations and analyzed thematically. From the results, two major themes emerged: (a) connection and networking between sport organizations and (b) organizational landscape of each nation (i.e., ID, multidisability, or mainstream). The results of this study contribute to understanding how sport for people with ID is organized across the participating nations, demonstrating different models of development and examples of good practice.