bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the triglyceride-glucose index and the SYNTAX score 2 in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Baydar Onur , Kilic Alparslan , Gursoy Erol 
Published: January 2023

Objective
We evaluated if admissiontriglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) correlated with the anatomical synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with taxus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score 2 in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), nondiabetic patients.

Methods
SYNTAX score 2 (SSII) was retrospectively evaluated in 260 nondiabetic patients hospitalized with NSTEMI who underwent coronary angiography. The TyG index was calculated using the following equation: log [fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) × fasting glucose (mg/dl)/2]. We stratified patients according to tertiles of SSII (≤21.5, 21.5–30.6, and ≥30.6). These score ranges were defined as SSII low, SSII mid, and SSII high, respectively.

Results
The average age of the patients was 57.2 ± 10.9 years; 135 patients (52.2%) were males. The average TyG index was 8.68 ± 0.12, and SSII was 18.9 ± 9.9. A moderate correlation was found between TyG index and SSII (r = 0.347; P < 0.001) and TyG index was independent risk factors for SSII high [odds ratio (OR), 6.0; 95% CI, 2.7–17.0; P < 0.001].

Conclusion
In nondiabetic patients with NSTEMI, TyG index correlated with the SSII.
Long Covid symptoms and diagnosis in primary care: a cohort study using structured and unstructured data in The Health Improvement Network primary care database
Authors: Shah Anoop D. , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Lewis Jadene , Dhalla Samir , Ford Elizabeth , Haroon Shamil , Kuan Valerie , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDLong Covid is a widely recognised consequence of COVID-19 infection, but little is known about the burden of symptoms that patients present with in primary care, as these are typically recorded only in free text clinical notes. Our objectives were to compare symptoms in patients with and without a history of COVID-19, and investigate symptoms associated with a Long Covid diagnosis.METHODSWe used primary care electronic health record data from The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a Cegedim database. We included adults registered with participating practices in England, Scotland or Wales. We extracted information about 89 symptoms and ‘Long Covid’ diagnoses from free text using natural language processing. We calculated hazard ratios (adjusted for age, sex, baseline medical conditions and prior symptoms) for each symptom from 12 weeks after the COVID-19 diagnosis.FINDINGSWe compared 11,015 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and 18,098 unexposed controls. Only 20% of symptom records were coded, with 80% in free text. A wide range of symptoms were associated with COVID-19 at least 12 weeks post-infection, with strongest associations for fatigue (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 3.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.59, 4.44), shortness of breath (aHR 3.14, 95% CI 2.88, 3.42), palpitations (aHR 2.75, 95% CI 2.28, 3.32), and phlegm (aHR 2.88, 95% CI 2.30, 3.61). However, a limited subset of symptoms were recorded within 7 days prior to a Long Covid diagnosis in more than 20% of cases: shortness of breath, chest pain, pain, fatigue, cough, and anxiety / depression.CONCLUSIONNumerous symptoms are reported to primary care at least 12 weeks after COVID-19 infection, but only a subset are commonly associated with a GP diagnosis of Long Covid.
Ultrasound evaluation of vagus nerve cross-sectional area in a community-dwelling elderly Japanese cohort
Authors: Oura Kazumasa , Akasaka Hiroshi , Ishizuka Naoki , Sato Yuriko , Kudo Masahiro , Yamaguchi Takashi , Oura Mao Yamaguchi , Itabashi Ryo , Maeda Tetsuya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the vagus nerve (VN) is easily observed by ultrasonography, few studies have evaluated the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the VN in healthy older individuals from East Asia. In this study, we aimed to report reference values for the CSA of the VN in community-dwelling elderly Japanese individuals and to identify any associated medical history and/or lifestyle factors.MethodsThe present study included 336 participants aged ≥ 65 years from a prospective cohort study conducted in Yahaba, Japan from October 2021 to February 2022. The CSA of the VN was measured bilaterally at the level of the thyroid gland by ultrasonography. Univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to identify the associations between clinical and background factors and the CSA of the VN on each side.ResultsIn our cohort, the median CSA of the VN was 1.3 mm2(interquartile range [IQR] 1.1– 1.6) on the right side and 1.2 mm2(IQR 1.0–1.4) on the left side. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that history of head injury (β = -0.15,p< .01), history of convulsion (β = 0.19,p< .01), and BMI (β = 0.30,p< .01) were independently associated with the CSA of the VN on the left side. In contrast, there were no independent associations between any of the assessed variables and the CSA on the right side.ConclusionWe have reported reference VN CSA values for community-dwelling elderly Japanese individuals. In addition, we showed that the CSA of the VN on the left side was positively associated with a history of convulsive seizure and BMI and inversely associated with a history of head injury.
Adipokine levels and their association with clinical disease severity in patients with dengue
Authors: Kuruppu Heshan , Wickramanayake W.P Rivindu H. , Jeewandara Chandima , Peranantharajah Deneshan , Colambage Hashini S. , Perera Lahiru , Gomes Laksiri , Wijewickrama Ananda , Ogg Graham S , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdipokines have not been studied in acute dengue, despite their emerging role in inducing and regulating inflammation. Therefore, we sought to identify adipokine levels in patients with varying severities of acute dengue to understand their role in disease pathogenesis. We determined the levels of leptin, resistin, omentin, adiponectin, as well as IFNβ, and NS1 using quantitative ELISA in patients with dengue fever (DF=49) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF=22) at admission (febrile phase) and at the time of discharge (recovery phase). The viral loads and serotypes of all samples were quantified using quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Resistin levels (p =0.04) and omentin (p=0.006) levels were significantly higher in patients who developed DHF. Omentin levels in the febrile phase also correlated with the AST (Spearman’s r=0.38, p=0.001) and ALT levels (Spearman’s r=0.24, p=0.04); as well as serum leptin levels with both AST (Spearman’s r=0.27, p=0.02) and ALT (Spearman’s r=0.28, p=0.02). Serum adiponectin levels in the febrile phase did not correlate with any of the other adipokines or with liver enzymes, but inversely correlated with CRP levels (Spearman’s r=-0.31, p=0.008). Although not significant (p=0.14) serum IFNβ levels were lower in the febrile phase in those who progressed to develop DHF (median 0, IQR 0 to 39.4 pg/ml), compared to those who had DF (median 37.1, IQR 0 to 65.6 pg.ml). The data suggest that adipokines are likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of dengue, which should be further explored for the potential to be used as prognostic markers and as therapeutic targets.
A simplification of the Kaiser Permanente inpatient risk adjustment methodology accurately predicted in-hospital mortality: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Roberts Surain B , Colacci Michael , Razak Fahad , Verma Amol A 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe simplified and evaluated the Kaiser Permanente inpatient risk adjustment methodology (KP method) to predict in-hospital mortality, using open-source tools to measure comorbidity and diagnosis groups, and removing troponin, which is difficult to standardize across clinical assays.Study Design and SettingRetrospective cohort study of adult general medical inpatients at 7 hospitals in Ontario, Canada.ResultsIn 206,155 unique hospitalizations with 6.9% in-hospital mortality, the simplified KP method accurately predicted the risk of mortality. Bias-corrected c-statistics were 0.874 (95%CI 0.872-0.877) with troponin and 0.873 (95%CI 0.871-0.876) without troponin, and calibration was excellent for both approaches. Discrimination and calibration were similar with and without troponin for patients with heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. The Laboratory-based Acute Physiology Score (LAPS, a component of the KP method) predicted inpatient mortality on its own with and without troponin with bias-corrected c-statistics of 0.687 (95%CI 0.682-0.692) and 0.680 (95%CI 0.675-0.685), respectively. LAPS was well calibrated, except at very high scores.ConclusionA simplification of the KP method accurately predicted in-hospital mortality risk in an external general medicine cohort. Without troponin, and using common open-source tools, the KP method can be implemented for risk adjustment in a wider range of settings.
Acute effects of subanesthetic ketamine on cerebrovascular hemodynamics in humans: A TD-fNIRS neuroimaging study
Authors: Castillo Adelaida , Dubois Julien , Field Ryan M. , Fishburn Frank , Gundran Andrew , Ho Wilson C. , Jawhar Sami , Kates-Harbeck Julian , Aghajan Zahra M. , Miller Naomi , Perdue Katherine L. , Phillips Jake , Ryan Wesley C. , Shafiei Mahdi , Scholkmann Felix , Taylor Moriah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuantifying neural activity in natural conditions (i.e. conditions comparable to the standard clinical patient experience) during the administration of psychedelics may further our scientific understanding of the effects and mechanisms of action. This data may facilitate the discovery of novel biomarkers enabling more personalized treatments and improved patient outcomes. In this single-blind, placebo-controlled study with a non-randomized design, we use time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS) to measure acute brain dynamics after intramuscular subanesthetic ketamine (0.75 mg/kg) and placebo (saline) administration in healthy participants (n= 15, 8 females, 7 males, age 32.4 ± 7.5 years) in a clinical setting. We found that the ketamine administration caused an altered state of consciousness and changes in systemic physiology (e.g. increase in pulse rate and electrodermal activity). Furthermore, ketamine led to a brain-wide reduction in the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and a decrease in the global brain connectivity of the prefrontal region. Lastly, we provide preliminary evidence that a combination of neural and physiological metrics may serve as predictors of subjective mystical experiences and reductions in depressive symptomatology. Overall, our studies demonstrated the successful application of fNIRS neuroimaging to study the physiological effects of the psychoactive substance ketamine and can be regarded as an important step toward larger scale clinical fNIRS studies that can quantify the impact of psychedelics on the brain in standard clinical settings.
Effort-reward imbalance at work, glycated hemoglobin and prediabetes prevalence in a prospective cohort
Authors: Riopel C , Trudel X , Milot A , Laurin D , Gilbert-Ouimet M , Brisson C 
Published: January 2023

AbstractContexProspective studies and meta-analyses suggest that psychosocial stressors at work from the effort-reward imbalance model are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Prediabetes is an intermediate disorder on the glucose metabolism continuum. It increases the risk of developing T2DM, while also being separately associated with increased mortality. Evidence about the effect of effort-reward imbalance at work on prediabetes is scarce.ObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate, in women and men, the association between effort-reward imbalance at work, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration and the prevalence of prediabetes in a prospective cohort study.MethodsThis study was conducted among 1,354 white-collar workers followed for an average of 16 years. Effort-reward imbalance at work (ERI) was measured at baseline (1999-2001) using a validated instrument. HbA1c was assessed at follow-up (2015-18). Several covariates were considered including sociodemographics, anthropometric, and lifestyle risk factors. Differences in mean HbA1c concentration were estimated with linear models. Prediabetes prevalence ratios (PRs) were computed using Poisson regressions models.ResultsIn women, those exposed to effort-reward imbalance at work had a higher prevalence of prediabetes (adjusted PR=1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.29). There was no difference in HbA1c concentration among those exposed and those unexposed to an effort-reward imbalance at work.ConclusionAmong women, effort-reward imbalance at work was associated with the prevalence of prediabetes. Preventive workplace interventions aiming to reduce the prevalence of effort-reward imbalance at work may be effective to reduce the prevalence of prediabetes among women.
Subcortical Functional Connectivity Gradients in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Lucas Alfredo , Mouchtaris Sofia , Cornblath Eli J. , Sinha Nishant , Caciagli Lorenzo , Hadar Peter , Gugger James J. , Das Sandhitsu , Stein Joel M. , Davis Kathryn A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and MotivationFunctional gradients have been used to study differences in connectivity between healthy and diseased brain states, however this work has largely focused on the cortex. Because the subcortex plays a key role in seizure initiation in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), subcortical functional-connectivity gradients may help further elucidate differences between healthy brains and TLE, as well as differences between left (L)-TLE and right (R)-TLE.MethodsIn this work, we calculated subcortical functional-connectivity gradients (SFGs) from resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) by measuring the similarity in connectivity profiles of subcortical voxels to cortical gray matter voxels. We performed this analysis in 23 R-TLE patients and 32 L-TLE patients (who were otherwise matched for age, gender, disease specific characteristics, and other clinical variables), and 16 controls. To measure differences in SFGs between L-TLE and R-TLE, we quantified deviations in the average functional gradient distributions, as well as their variance, across subcortical structures.ResultsWe found an expansion, measured by increased variance, in the principal SFG of TLE relative to controls. When comparing the gradient across subcortical structures between L-TLE and R-TLE, we found that abnormalities in the ipsilateral hippocampal gradient distributions were significantly different between L-TLE and R-TLE.ConclusionOur results suggest that expansion of the SFG is characteristic of TLE. Subcortical functional gradient differences exist between left and right TLE and are driven by connectivity changes in the hippocampus ipsilateral to the seizure onset zone.
Resting state networks of awake adolescent and adult squirrel monkeys using ultra-high field (9.4T) functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yassin Walid , de Moura Fernando B. , Withey Sarah L. , Cao Lei , Kangas Brian D. , Bergman Jack , Kohut Stephen J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResting state networks (RSNs) are increasingly forwarded as candidate biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders. Such biomarkers may provide objective measures for evaluating novel therapeutic interventions in nonhuman primates often used in translational neuroimaging research. This study aimed to characterize the RSNs of awake squirrel monkeys and compare the characteristics of those networks in adolescent and adult subjects. Twenty-seven squirrel monkeys (n=12 adolescents [6 male/6 female] ∼2.5 years andn=15 adults [7 male/8 female] ∼9.5 years) were gradually acclimated to awake scanning procedures; whole-brain fMRI images were acquired with a 9.4 Tesla scanner. Group level independent component (IC) analysis (30 ICs) with dual regression was used to detect and compare RSNs. Twenty ICs corresponding to physiologically meaningful networks representing a range of neural functions, including motor, sensory, reward (e.g., basal ganglia), and cognitive processes were identified in both adolescent and adult monkeys. Significant age-related differences between the adult and adolescent subjects (adult > adolescent) were found in two networks of interest: (1) the right upper occipital region with an OFC IC and (2) the left temporal cortex, bilateral visual areas, and cerebellum with the cingulate IC. These results demonstrate that squirrel monkey RSNs are stable and consistent with RSNs previously identified in humans, rodents, and other nonhuman primate species. These data also identify several networks in adolescence that are conserved and others that may change into adulthood.Significance StatementFunctional magnetic resonance imaging procedures have revealed important information about how the brain is modified by experimental manipulations, disease states, and aging throughout the lifespan. Preclinical neuroimaging, especially in nonhuman primates, has become a frequently used means to answer targeted questions related to brain resting-state functional connectivity. The present study characterized resting state networks (RSNs) in adult and adolescent squirrel monkeys; twenty RSNs corresponding to networks representing a range of neural functions were identified. The RSNs identified here can be utilized in future studies examining the effects of experimental manipulations on brain connectivity in squirrel monkeys. These data also may be useful for comparative analysis with other primate species to provide an evolutionary perspective for understanding brain function and organization.
Ex-situmycoremediation of petroleum polluted soils in Ogoniland, Nigeria
Authors: Anoliefo Geoffrey O. , Nwaokolo Martin , Edegbai Boniface O. , Ikhajiagbe Beckley 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe study investigated the mycoremediation oil-polluted soil from Ogoniland (at the B-dere/Nabem community).The mushroom,Pleurotus tuberregiumwas exposed to this soil as principal remediation component.While the fungus grew undisturbed, weeds were also allowed to grow from soil seed bank.Dominant weeds identified in the study includeMariscus sp, Pepperomia pellucida, Synedrella nodiflora, Cyperussp., andOldenlandia corymbosa. Survival and growth of microorganisms in the polluted soils were monitored.Bacterial species identified wereEscherichia coli, Micrococcus varians, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, Bacillus pumilis, Clostridum sp.,Klebsiellasp., andAzotobactersp. The fungi species includedMucormucedo, Aspergillussp.,Penicillinsp.,Rhizopussp.,Trichoderma harzianum, andFusarium solani. The degradation of the petroleum pollutant wasmonitored through laboratory determination using the Gas Liquid Chromatographic methods. The determinations showed the gradual but steady decline in the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in the Ogoni soil within the 4-month observation period. Significant reduction in heavy metal concentration of the soils was also evidenced.
Allele mining of eukaryotic translation initiation factor genes inPrunusspecies for the identification of new sources of resistance to sharka
Authors: Tricon David , d’Arcier Julie Faivre , Eyquard Jean-Philippe , Liu Shuo , Decroocq Stéphane , Chague Aurélie , Liu Weisheng , Balakishiyeva Gulnara , Mamadov Alamdar , Turdiev Timur , Kostritsyna Tatiana , Asma Bayram M. , Akparov Zeynal , Decroocq Véronique 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMembers of the eukaryotic translation initiation complex are co-opted in viral infection, leading to susceptibility in many crop species, including stone fruit trees (Prunus spp). Therefore, modification of one of those eukaryotic translation initiation factors or changes in their gene expression may result in resistance.ObjectiveWe searched the crop and wildPrunusgermplasm from the Armeniaca and Amygdalus taxonomic sections for allelic variants in theeIF4EandeIFiso4Egenes, to identify alleles potentially linked to resistance to thePlum Pox Virus(PPV).Methodology and resultsOver one thousand stone fruit accessions (1,397) were screened for variation in eIF4E and eIFiso4E transcript sequences which are in single copy within the diploidPrunusgenome. We identified new alleles for both genes that are not evident in haplotypes associated with PPV susceptible individuals. Overall, analyses showed thateIFiso4Eis genetically more constrained since it displayed less polymorphism thaneIF4E. We also demonstrated more variation at both loci in the related wild species than in crop species. As the eIFiso4E translation initiation factor was identified as indispensable for PPV infection inPrunusspecies, a selection of ten differenteIFiso4Ehaplotypes along 13 individuals were tested by infection with PPV and eight of them displayed a range of reduced susceptibility to resistance, indicating new potential sources of resistance to sharka.
The life span of steps in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, its implications, and matters of general interest
Authors: Udema Ikechukwu Iloh 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThere is increasing recognition for steps and their life span (LS) in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction pathway; the need for rate constants, activation parameters, and transition states (TS) has assumed preeminence in the literature. The determination of the life span of complexes, enzyme-product (EP) complexes in particular, is not a regular feature in most studies. The study aims to show that there is LS for EP and TS destined for irreversible product formation and release. The cognate objectives are to: 1) derive the equation for the graphical determination of the first-order rate constant (FORC) of EP dissociation into E and P as well as the FORC of ES dissociation to free enzyme, E, and free substrate, S; 2) derive a FORC equation for the TS to EP conversion; 3) calculate the duration; and 4) calculate the FORC for the TS to EP conversion. Using mesophilic alpha-amylase and the Bernfeld method of assay, the velocities of catalysis were used to generate first the Michaelian parameters and then the rate constants. The LS of the TS and the FORC for the conversion of the enzyme-substrate (ES) complex to TS are 4.321 exp. (−6) min and 2.314 exp. (+5)/min, respectively; the LS of the TS destined for backward conversion (deactivation) to ES and its FORC are 7.525 exp. (−7) min and 1.387 exp. (+6)/min, respectively; the LS of the EP and its FORC for dissociation to E and P are 1.33 exp. (−5) and 7.52 exp. (+4)/min respectively. In conclusion, there are always steps in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the catalytic cycle; the LS of each step is shorter than the total LS of deactivation and dissociation processes; this is applicable to forward reactions. Thermodynamic activation parameters must account for all FORC in accordance with the additivity principle.