bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
East and West in Kim and Gora
Authors: Asfia Ruhul 
Published: June 2023

The two novels, Rudyard Kipling’s Kim (1901) and Rabindranath Tagore’s Gora (1908), explore the different national and cultural perspectives of Eastern and Western writers regarding the representation of India during the British Raj. But the two novels have interesting parallels which are the focus of this paper. Kipling acquired this race-prejudice from his Anglo-Indian community and reinforced imperialistic theories in his writings current in England towards the close of the nineteenth century. He deliberately focused attention on those things in Indian life which would provide a justification for his imperialistic views. In some of his writings he attempted to show the convergence of East and West. but it always resulted in confrontation.
Rabindranath Tagore’s commitment to the nationalist movements originated from his realization of the intense feeling of how miserably Indians felt subordinated during the colonial rule. Tagore’s novel is a scathing exposure of the narrowness, bigotry and stupidity of Hinduism. Where it differs artistically from Kim is that the racial problems in it are treated on a purely human level. In Gora, Rabindranath Tagore speaks for global humanity. But Kipling could not transcend the imperialist ideology in Kim. Tagore’s Gora explores the possibilities of the convergence of East-West but Kipling’s Kim does not let the East and West converge.
The English Linguistic Imperialism
Authors: Nasrin Mahmuda 
Published: June 2023

The causes of the current global spread of English is critically analysed in this article. A discussion on the following questions is the basis of this article.

Is English a global language today as a result of policy to make so?
Or is it just an accident?
If, it was planned, then by whom? And why?
If, it was not planned, then how did it get to where it is today?
Good soldier, better politician, charming lover
Authors: Ahsan Syed Badrul 
Published: June 2023

Caesar: Life of a ColossusAdrian GoldsworthyPhoenix: Yale University Press, 2006
Julius Caesar disregarded warnings about the Ides of March. He believed, as Shakespeare would have us know, that he was more dangerous than danger itself. That precisely is what he told his wife Calpurnia when she tried to dissuade him from going to the senate because of the nightmares she had gone through during the preceding night…
Bakha Dismissed by Untouchable or The Internal-Textual Dislocation:
Authors: Gupto Arun 
Published: June 2023

The paper aims to reveal how in Mulkaraj Anand’s fiction untouchable the very narrative alienates its hero Bhaka. He thus is doubly marginalized. He is marginalized by the society, the obvious conditionality of a sudra boy in an orthodox location. He again is marginalized by the text/narrative itself of which he is a hero. The narrative dislocates him which I refer to as “internal-textual dislocation.” There are multiple instances of people and their language which dismiss him to the edge where he does not comprehend the situations around.
Enigmatic Arrivals:
Authors: Iqbal Asif 
Published: June 2023

In The Enigma of Arrival (1987), V.S. Naipaul evokes a picture of the English countryside of Wiltshire, his residence in England and constantly recalls images of his native Trinidad that are set against the English country atmosphere, ushering the presence of the colony in the post-imperial English countryside. He also attempts to negotiate and reevaluate his colonized ‘self’ with that of his writer’s ‘self’, shaped by imperial standards, hence, creating a sense of anxiety. Naipaul’s anxiety is also seen in the Bangladeshi English writers. While their works challenge the notion that literature can only be produced in one’s mother tongue, they are also susceptible to be branded as elitist. If we look at the works of some litt6rateurs who have consciously chosen English for literary purposes, we will find that their works embrace hybridity and challenge uniform national identity but at the same time the works are exclusive. This paper will look into the works of some post-1971 litterateurs who endorse postcolonial hybridity and whose conscious choice of English for creative writing challenges the notion of uniform Bengali identity. The paper will also show how elitism and alienation often creep into their works.
The Restoration of Feminist Subjectivity in Henrik Ibsen and Rabindranath Tagore
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Shahidul Islam 
Published: June 2023

Henrik Ibsen (i828-1906) focuses, among other issues, on the individuality in his play A Doll’s House. Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), in some of his short stories, depicts the struggle by women to assert their individuality in the patriarchal social structure of the Indian subcontinent. Ibsen and Tagore are from different cultures, but still they have much in common regarding feminist subjectivity. They reveal the anguish of the women of their times and their treatment by the elements of the society. What unites these two writers is that women in society not only become the victims: of oppression but also find a way out of that oppression, and try to establish themselves as individuals. Such struggle attributes universality to the subject-matter in the writings of these two authors. This paper aims at finding the thread that binds together the writings of Ibsen and Tagore from the feminist point of view, and how their female characters fight to assert their individuality in an adverse environment.
Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines as a political Novel
Authors: Wadud Nasihul 
Published: June 2023

Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines delineates many of the political issues related to the partition of the subcontinent. The paper examines how the narrativitized fiction of Ghosh creates the human story behind the political history that is responsible for the creation of nation-states. It explores various characters across the territorial divides to give a human face to political facts.
Nearing Singularity
Authors: Mortuza Shamsad 
Published: June 2023

Ray KurzweilThe Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend BiologyNew York: Penguin, 2005, pp.652Price US$22
Optimism unsettles us. In the departments of English and Humanities, in liberal arts in general, we are trained to critique to prove ourselves human. Humanism, in its garbed guile, teaches us to point out what’s wrong with…
What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew
Authors: Hossain Sanjeeda 
Published: June 2023

What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew: From Fox Hunting to Whist – the Facts of Daily Life in 19th-Century EnglandDaniel PoolNew York: Simon & Schuster, 1994 (1st Edition), pp. 416ISBN: 0-671-79337-3
The novel was the most significant literary genre during 19th-century England. English novels of this period document social history from the perspective of the novelists. These novels also present disparities among genders, classes, and environments; these function as a driving force behind their characters’ formation. The aristocrats enjoying remarkable achievements in the fields of science and education and, their negligence and injustice towards the underprivileged were the major issues dealt in them. However, bizarre customs and regulations, set by the powerful upon the weak, often breed insurmountable questions in ...
Governmentality and Counter-Hegemony in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahbub Rifat 
Published: June 2023

Governmentality and Counter-Hegemony in BangladeshS.M. Shamsul AlamNew York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, pp. 215ISBN (hardcover): 978-1-137-53714-0
Perhaps a mere coincidence, yet I consider it a great intellectual benefit that while reading S.M. Shamsul Alam’s Governmentality and Counter-Hegemony in Bangladesh, I was reading Rabindranath Tagore’s Ghare Baire and Shaheen Akter’s Talash. This simultaneous reading is beneficial since the texts, although in different forms and genres, interrogate the contested histories of Bengali nation, nationality, and the state, Bangladesh. Alam’s main focus is the state. Divided into ten chapters, ...
“She is a Jade”:
Authors: Po-Yu Rick Wei 
Published: June 2023

This essay aims to study the images of a modern Faro lady in Georgette Heyer’s historical romance Faro’s Daughter. It is divided into three parts. The first part examines Faro ladies in the history and literature of Georgian England, and it compares Heyer’s heroine Deborah Grantham to them. The second talks about how Deborah embodies female virtues that are not appreciated by eighteenth-century gender law but are celebrated by feminist thinking such as Mary Wollstonecraft’s. The third shows that Deborah in Heyer’s work reflects the first-wave feminist thinking but does not follow all the trends of criticism and literary taste. The study juxtaposes Heyer’s heroine with one of the notorious Georgian female gamer Lady Albinia Hobart and argues that Deborah is a reformed Faro lady. The study also examines Deborah in Faro’s Daughter as a combination and rejection of eighteenth- and twentieth-century feminists such as Mary Wollstonecraft and Simone de Beauvoir, showing that Heyer finds her own path of feminist criticism. If historical romance is a sub-genre that revises history, Heyer’s heroine, as the essay tries to point out, represents a revision of feminist discourse.
Teaching L2 Composition:
Authors: Torres Christina 
Published: June 2023

Learning how to write is a complex task in any language, but learning to write in a nonnative language presents its own special set of challenges. Teaching second language (L2) writing is about more than just creating lesson plans. It is about grounding classroom decisions in pedagogical principles supported from the research literature. Teaching L2 Composition: Purpose, Process, and Practice by Ferris and Hedgecock (2013) provides valuable information for a wide range of L2 professionals. Currently in its third edition, the book makes a useful reference to pre-service and in-service L2 writing professionals as well as writing centers which serve an L2 population.
Problems, genre features, composition and artistic images of Tejelli Serjan Sirman's novel “The tree of knowing good and evil”
Authors: Sharifova Salida 
Published: June 2023

Tejelli Serjan Sirma is one of the modern Turkish writers that the Azerbaijani readers are not deeply acquainted. Tejelli Serjan Sirma, who started his artistic career with the story “Poor Kadir”, manages to visualize the process of how war changes human life in his novel “The tree of knowing good and evil”. The author was able to touch on the main reasons for the war in the novel and to give a generalized assessment of the wars in the world.The fact that the Armenians attacked the Turkic peoples, reflected in the novel in with short episodes, reflects the fact that the historical memory has not been forgotten. The author managed to present the genocide committed by the Armenians against the Turkic peoples as a tragedy of society. Serkan Sirman's novel “The Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil”, along with the factor of historical memory, reflects attitudes towards different religions throughout the novel. türk xalqlarına qarşı törətdiyi soyqırımı cəmiyyətin faciəsi kimi təqdim etməyi bacarıb. Serkan Sirmanın “Xeyirlə Şəri tanıyan ağac” romanı tarixi yaddaş amili ilə yanaşı, roman boyu müxtəlif dinlərə münasibəti əks etdirir.

References
Cengiz Batuk. Âdem ve Havva’nın Kitabı: Eski Ahit Apokrifasında Âdem ve Havva’nın Hayatı. Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2006/2, c. V, sayı: 10.Nizaməddin Şəmsizadə. Türkçülük və epos mədəniyyəti // “Ədəbiyyat qəzeti”, 2018, 17 mart http://www.anl.az/down/meqale/edebiyyat/2018/mart/583520.htm
Salidə Şərifova. Çağdaş Azərbaycan postmodern romanı. Bakı: Elm və təhsil, 2015.Tecelli Sercan Sirman. İyiyi ve Kötüyü Bilme Ağacı. İletişim Yayıncılık A.S. (1. Basım). İstanbul, 2018.
Tekvin: 2/5- 25; McCurdy, “Adam”; Gürkan, “Yahudi ve İslam Kutsal Metinlerinde İnsanın Yaratılışı...”; Bolay, 8 // Bax: Dinlerin insana verdiği değer (yahudilik, hıristiyanlık ve islam örneği), Ankara, 2013.Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, ‘Adem’ maddesi // https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/adem-peygamber
Los testimonios numismáticos de Julia Mamaea: continuidad y ruptura en la política imperial de Alejandro Severo
Authors: Conesa Navarro Pedro David 
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to study the ideology transmitted in Severus Alexander’s government through the coins in which Julia Mamaea appeared. To this end, we will not only analyse the inscriptions, but also the iconographic motifs expressed on each of the testimonies. Following a defined chronological and typological order, we will show how, although other Augustae previously used motifs different to this one, Julia Mamaea was also used for issues related to the military sphere. This demonstrates the importance of the princeps’ mother during this period, as well as the unstable situation that prevailed.
En este trabajo pretendemos estudiar la ideología transmitida en el gobierno de Alejandro Severo a través de las monedas en las que apareció Julia Mamaea. Para ello, no solo se analizarán las leyendas, sino también los motivos iconográficos expresados en cada uno de los testimonios. Siguiendo un orden cronológico y tipológico definido, podremos comprobar cómo, aunque se siguieron empleando motivos dados con anterioridad por otras Augustae, también se utilizó a Julia Mamaea para cuestiones relacionadas con el ámbito militar. Ello demuestra la importancia que tuvo la madre del princeps durante este período, además de la situación inestable que se vivió
“Mi historia ha sido un cántico a mis maestros”. Entrevista a Germán Ramallo Asensio.
Authors: De la Peña Velasco María Concepción , Espí Forcén Carlos 
Published: June 2023

Interview with Professor of Art History Germán Ramallo Asensio
Entrevista al catedrático de Historia del Arte Germán Ramallo Asensio
Paving the Way Ahead: A Systematic Literature Analysis of Inclusive Teaching Practices in Inclusive Classrooms
Authors: Singh Aarti , Pallai Pratima 
Published: June 2023

Classroom deliberations in an inclusive environment is challenging yet rewarding. Teaching students with varied needs under the same roof provides the teachers with the opportunity to bring out their best and to help students to attain an optimum level of learning. The purpose set for this paper is to conduct a rigorous review of inclusive teaching-learning practices across countries to understand and present the best ways of conducting an inclusive classroom. To explore the stated objective the researchers opted for an extensive desk review method to review the available related literature in a systematic manner. As a result of conducting a systematic review analysis, certain themes have emerged under which plausible inclusive practices have been presented as a finding of the research. The study presented five categories of best teaching practices that emerged from the review. This paper presented a concise and accumulated version of the best practices and methods adopted by the practitioners in inclusive education across the world. Amalgamated findings present that using ICT, individualised learning and various classroom management techniques, collaboration and curriculum adaptations provide the best ways to promote inclusion.
Psychological changes in athletes infected with Omicron after return to training: fatigue, sleep, and mood
Authors: Tan Chenhao , Wang Jinhao , Cao Guohuan , He Yelei , Yin Jun , Chu Yudan , Geng Zhizhong , Li Longji , Qiu Jun 
Published: June 2023

Background
This study aims to analyze the changes of approximately 1 month in fatigue, sleep, and mood in athletes after returning to training following infection with the COVID-19 Omicron strain and provide recommendations for returning to training after infection.

Methods
Two hundred and thirty professional athletes who had returned to training after being infected with COVID-19 in December 2022 were recruited to participate in three tests conducted from early January 2023. The second test was completed approximately 1 week after the first, and the third was completed about 2 weeks after the second. Each test consisted of completing scales and the exercise-induced fatigue measure. The scales included a visual analog scale, the Athens Insomnia Scale for non-clinical application, and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress scale. The exercise task was a six-minute stair climb test, and athletes evaluated subjective fatigue levels before and after exercise using another Visual Analog Scale and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale.

Results
After returning to training, athletes’ physical fatigue decreased initially but increased as training progressed. Cognitive fatigue did not change significantly. The exercise task led to elevated levels of physical fatigue after a longer duration of training. Sleep quality problems decreased rapidly after the start of training but remained stable with prolonged training. Depression levels continued to decline, while anxiety levels only reduced after a longer duration of training. Stress levels decreased rapidly after the start of training but did not change with prolonged training.

Conclusion
Athletes who return to training after recovering from COVID-19 experience positive effects on their fatigue, sleep, and mood. It is important to prioritize anxiety assessment and interventions during the short period after returning and to continue monitoring fatigue levels and implementing recovery interventions over a longer period of time.
Interventions Using Wearable Activity Trackers to Improve Patient Physical Activity and Other Outcomes in Adults Who Are Hospitalized
Authors: Szeto Kimberley , Arnold John , Singh Ben , Gower Bethany , Simpson Catherine E. M. , Maher Carol 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceLow levels of physical activity during hospitalization are thought to contribute to a range of poor outcomes for patients. Using wearable activity trackers during hospitalization may help improve patient activity, sedentary behavior, and other outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of interventions that use wearable activity trackers during hospitalization with patient physical activity, sedentary behavior, clinical outcomes, and hospital efficiency outcomes.Data SourcesOVID MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, EmCare, PEDro, SportDiscuss, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to March 2022. The Cochrane Central Register for Controlled trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization Clinical Trials Registry were also searched for registered protocols. No language restrictions were imposed.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials and nonrandomized clinical trials of interventions that used wearable activity trackers to increase physical activity or reduce sedentary behavior in adults (aged 18 years or older) who were hospitalized were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisStudy selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal were conducted in duplicate. Data were pooled for meta-analysis using random-effects models. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline was followed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were objectively measured physical activity or sedentary behavior. Secondary outcomes included clinical outcomes (eg, physical function, pain, mental health), and hospital efficiency outcomes (eg, length of stay, readmission).ResultsFifteen studies with a total of 1911 participants were included, representing various surgical cohorts (4 studies), stroke rehabilitation (3 studies), orthopedic rehabilitation (3 studies), mixed rehabilitation (3 studies), and mixed medical (2 studies). All studies were included in meta-analyses. There was a significant association between wearable activity tracker interventions with higher overall physical activity (standardized mean difference, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.54; I2 = 72%; P &amp;lt; .002) and less sedentary behavior (mean difference, −35.46 min/d; 95% CI, −57.43 to −13.48 min/d; I2 = 0; P = .002), and a significant association between wearable activity tracker interventions with improvements in physical function (standardized mean difference, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.46; I2 = 0; P = .006) compared with usual care. There was no significant association between wearable activity tracker interventions with pain, mental health, length of stay, or readmission risk.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, interventions that used wearable activity trackers with patients who are hospitalized were associated with higher physical activity levels, less sedentary behavior, and better physical functioning compared with usual care.
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the US in 2021
Authors: Lundeen Elizabeth A. , Burke-Conte Zeb , Rein David B. , Wittenborn John S. , Saaddine Jinan , Lee Aaron Y. , Flaxman Abraham D. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness among working-age adults in the US.ObjectiveTo update estimates of DR and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) prevalence by demographic factors and US county and state.Data SourcesThe study team included data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005 to 2008 and 2017 to March 2020), Medicare fee-for-service claims (2018), IBM MarketScan commercial insurance claims (2016), population-based studies of adult eye disease (2001 to 2016), 2 studies of diabetes in youth (2021 and 2023), and a previously published analysis of diabetes by county (2012). The study team used population estimates from the US Census Bureau.Study SelectionThe study team included relevant data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System.Data Extraction and SynthesisUsing bayesian meta-regression methods, the study team estimated the prevalence of DR and VTDR stratified by age, a nondifferentiated sex and gender measure, race, ethnicity, and US county and state.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe study team defined individuals with diabetes as those who had a hemoglobin A1c level at 6.5% or more, took insulin, or reported ever having been told by a physician or health care professional that they have diabetes. The study team defined DR as any retinopathy in the presence of diabetes, including nonproliferative retinopathy (mild, moderate, or severe), proliferative retinopathy, or macular edema. The study team defined VTDR as having, in the presence of diabetes, severe nonproliferative retinopathy, proliferative retinopathy, panretinal photocoagulation scars, or macular edema.ResultsThis study used data from nationally representative and local population-based studies that represent the populations in which they were conducted. For 2021, the study team estimated 9.60 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 7.90-11.55) living with DR, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 26.43% (95% UI, 21.95-31.60) among people with diabetes. The study team estimated 1.84 million people (95% UI, 1.41-2.40) living with VTDR, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 5.06% (95% UI, 3.90-6.57) among people with diabetes. Prevalence of DR and VTDR varied by demographic characteristics and geography.Conclusions and RelevanceUS prevalence of diabetes-related eye disease remains high. These updated estimates on the burden and geographic distribution of diabetes-related eye disease can be used to inform the allocation of public health resources and interventions to communities and populations at highest risk.