bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the potential of Fe(III)‐EGTA and Fe(III)‐DTPA as the catalysts to enhance UV/persulfate in the degradation of aqueous sulfamethazine
Authors: Ng Kuan Aeng , Low Kah Hin , Tay Kheng Soo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe combination of UV and water‐soluble Fe(III) complexes is an effective method for generating Fe(II) in situ for activating advanced oxidation processes. This study explored the potential of Fe(III)‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Fe(III)‐DTPA) and Fe(III)‐ethylene glycol‐bis(2‐aminoethylether)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (Fe(III)‐EGTA) in activating the UV/persulfate (UV/PS) for sulfamethazine removal. The initial screening showed that Fe(III)‐EGTA and Fe(III)‐DTPA could significantly improve the rate of sulfamethazine removal. The optimum molar ratios of persulfate to Fe(III)‐DTPA and Fe(III)‐EGTA were 100:1 and 100:2.5. The predicted percentage of sulfamethazine removal under the optimized conditions, obtained using response surface methodology, was ~99% for both catalysts. The pH range of 6 to 8 did not significantly affect the performance of UV/PS in the removal of sulfamethazine. The percentage sulfamethazine removal in the selected water samples was ranged from 93.6% to 99.6%, agreeing with the predicted value. The performance of both catalysts in activating UV/PS is comparable with that of the frequently used Fe(III)‐EDDS.Practitioners Points

The potential of Fe(III)‐DTPA and Fe(III)‐EGTA in activating UV/persulfate (UV/PS) was explored.
Fe(III)‐DTPA and Fe(III)‐EGTA improved the performance of UV/PS in sulfamethazine removal.
Fe(III)‐DTPA and Fe(III)‐EGTA are effective in catalyzing UV/PS under pH 6 to 8.
The performance of Fe(III)‐DTPA and Fe(III)‐EGTA is comparable with well‐studied Fe(III)‐EDDS.
Introduction: The Past Continuous of Epidemiology
Authors: Hakosalo Heini , Parhi Katariina , Sailo Annukka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFrom early 2020, epidemiological research has been in the public eye like never before, thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiology has been instrumental in recognizing and framing the pandemic, assessing its scale, and shaping the global response. Much to their surprise, epidemiologists have also been drawn into the highly politicized disputes around the pandemic response. But both pandemics and epidemiologists have been around for centuries or, depending on definitions, even for millenia. Apart from shortly outlining the contents of the book, the introductory chapter charts the boundaries of epidemiology with reference to adjacent fields of inquiry, reviews the widely varied views on its emergence as a disipline, and discusses the historiography of epidemiology—which, much like its subject, is extensive but somewhat nebulous.
Theoretischer Hintergrund und Stand der Forschung
Authors: Jähnke Anke 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Kapitel 2 werden die theoretischen Grundpositionen der Untersuchung skizziert und der Forschungsstand zu „Double Duty Caregiving“ zusammengefasst. Eine detaillierte Ergebnisdarstellung der Literaturrecherche ist im elektronischen Zusatzmaterial einsehbar.
Axion-meson mixing in light of recent lattice η–η′ simulations and their two-photon couplings within U(3) chiral theory
Authors: Gao Rui , Guo Zhi-Hui , Oller J. A. , Zhou Hai-Qing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the mixing of the QCD/QCD-like axion and light-flavor mesons π0, η, η′ within the framework of U(3) chiral perturbation theory up to next-to-leading order in this work. The axion-meson mixing formulas are calculated order by order in the U(3) δ-expansion scheme, namely the joint expansions of the momentum, light-quark masses and 1/NC. We provide axion-meson mixing relations in terms of the π0–η–η′ mixing parameters and their masses. The recent lattice simulations on the η–η′ systems turn out to be able to offer valuable inputs to constrain the unknown low-energy constants. The relation of the mass and decay constant of the axion is then further explored based on our updated calculations. The two-photon couplings of the light-flavor mesons, together with the axion, are also investigated in the U(3) chiral theory up to next-to-leading order in the δ-counting scheme.
Classical vs quantum eikonal scattering and its causal structure
Authors: Bellazzini Brando , Isabella Giulia , Riva Massimiliano Maria 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the eikonal scattering of two gravitationally interacting bodies, in the regime of large angular momentum and large center of mass energy. We show that eikonal exponentiation of the scattering phase matrix is a direct consequence of the group contraction SU(2) → ISO(2), from rotations to the isometries of the plane, in the large angular momentum limit. We extend it to all orders in the scattering angle, and for all masses and spins. The emergence of the classical limit is understood in terms of the continuous-spin representations admitted by ISO(2). We further investigate the competing classical vs quantum corrections to the leading classical eikonal scattering, and find several interesting examples where quantum corrections are more important than Post-Minkowskian’s. As a case of study, we analyse the scattering of a photon off a massless neutral scalar field, up to next-to-leading order in the Newton constant, and to leading order in the fine structure constant. We investigate the causal structure of the eikonal regime and establish an infinite set of non-linear positivity bounds, of which positivity of time delay is the simplest.
Integrated correlators from integrability: Maldacena-Wilson line in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Cavaglià Andrea , Gromov Nikolay , Julius Julius , Preti Michelangelo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We present a systematic method for the derivation of a relation which connects the correlation function of operators on the straight Maldacena-Wilson line with the integrability data for the cusp anomalous dimension. As we show, the derivation requires very careful treatment of the UV divergences. Our method opens a way to derive infinitely many constraints on integrals of multi-point correlation functions, relating them with the integrability data for the generalised cusp anomalous dimension governed by the Quantum Spectral Curve. Such constraints have been shown recently to be very powerful in combination with the numerical conformal bootstrap, leading to very narrow non-perturbative bounds on conformal data beyond the spectrum.
Aspects of holography in conical AdS3
Authors: Berenstein David , Grabovsky David , Li Ziyi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the Feynman propagator of free scalar fields in AdS3 with a conical defect. In the bulk, the defect is represented by a massive particle; in the dual CFT, it is a heavy operator that creates a highly excited state. We construct the propagator by solving the bulk equation of motion in the defect geometry, summing over the modes of the field, and passing to the boundary. The result agrees with a calculation based on the method of images in AdS3/ℤN, where it is also a sum over geodesic lengths. On the boundary, the propagator becomes a semiclassical heavy-light four-point function. We interpret the field modes as double-twist primary states formed by excitations of the scalar on top of the defect, and we check that the correlator is crossing-symmetric by matching its singular behavior to that of the semiclassical Virasoro vacuum block. We also argue that long-range correlations in conical AdS are “thermally” suppressed as the defect becomes more massive by studying the critical behavior of a continuous phase transition in the correlator at the BTZ threshold. Finally, we apply our results to holographic entanglement entropy by exploiting an analogy between free scalars and replica twist fields.
Generalized Veneziano and Virasoro amplitudes
Authors: Geiser Nicholas , Lindwasser Lukas W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We analyze so-called generalized Veneziano and generalized Virasoro amplitudes. Under some physical assumptions, we find that their spectra must satisfy an over-determined set of non-linear recursion relations. The recursion relation for the generalized Veneziano amplitudes can be solved analytically and yields a two-parameter family which includes the Veneziano amplitude, the one-parameter family of Coon amplitudes, and a larger two-parameter family of amplitudes with an infinite tower of spins at each mass level. In the generalized Virasoro case, the only consistent solution is the string spectrum.
Warm dark matter from a gravitational freeze-in in extra dimensions
Authors: de Giorgi A. , Vogl S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the freeze-in of gravitationally interacting dark matter in extra dimensions. Focusing on a minimal dark matter candidate that only interacts with the SM via gravity in a five-dimensional model we find that a large range of dark matter and Kaluza-Klein graviton masses can lead to the observed relic density. The preferred values of the masses and the strength of the interaction make this scenario very hard to test in terrestrial experiments. However, significant parts of the parameter space lead to warm dark matter and can be tested by cosmological and astrophysical observations.
Physics implications of a combined analysis of COHERENT CsI and LAr data
Authors: De Romeri V. , Miranda O. G. , Papoulias D. K. , Sanchez Garcia G. , Tórtola M. , Valle J. W. F. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The observation of coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering has opened the window to many physics opportunities. This process has been measured by the COHERENT Collaboration using two different targets, first CsI and then argon. Recently, the COHERENT Collaboration has updated the CsI data analysis with a higher statistics and an improved understanding of systematics. Here we perform a detailed statistical analysis of the full CsI data and combine it with the previous argon result. We discuss a vast array of implications, from tests of the Standard Model to new physics probes. In our analyses we take into account experimental uncertainties associated to the efficiency as well as the timing distribution of neutrino fluxes, making our results rather robust. In particular, we update previous measurements of the weak mixing angle and the neutron root mean square charge radius for CsI and argon. We also update the constraints on new physics scenarios including neutrino nonstandard interactions and the most general case of neutrino generalized interactions, as well as the possibility of light mediators. Finally, constraints on neutrino electromagnetic properties are also examined, including the conversion to sterile neutrino states. In many cases, the inclusion of the recent CsI data leads to a dramatic improvement of bounds.
Bethe/Gauge correspondence for ABCDEFG-type 3d gauge theories
Authors: Ding Xiang-Mao , Zhang Tinglyer 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we give a new effective superpotential that makes clear Bethe/Gauge correspondence between 2d (and 3d) SO/Sp gauge theories and open XXX (and XXZ) spin chains with diagonal boundary conditions, and also works in the case of 2d (and 3d) BCN-type gauge theories which is not previously discussed in the literature. Especially, for exceptional Lie algebras F4, G2, we give the effective superpotential and vacuum equations. For E6,7,8, we only give theirs effective superpotential for convenience.
Evidence of trospium’s ability to mitigate cholinergic adverse events related to xanomeline: phase 1 study results
Authors: Breier Alan , Brannan Stephen K. , Paul Steven M. , Miller Andrew C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Rationale
The M1/M4 preferring muscarinic receptor agonist xanomeline demonstrated antipsychotic and procognitive effects in patients with Alzheimer’s disease or schizophrenia in prior studies, but further clinical development was limited by cholinergic adverse events (AEs). KarXT combines xanomeline with the peripherally restricted muscarinic receptor antagonist trospium with the goal of improving tolerability and is in clinical development for schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.

Objective
Test the hypothesis that trospium can mitigate cholinergic AEs associated with xanomeline.

Methods
Healthy volunteers enrolled in this phase 1 (NCT02831231), single-site, 9-day, double-blind comparison of xanomeline alone (n = 33) versus KarXT (n = 35). Rates of five prespecified cholinergic AEs (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, salivary hypersecretion) were compared between treatment arms. Vital signs, electrocardiograms (ECGs), safety laboratory values, and pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses were assessed. A self-administered visual analog scale (VAS) and clinician-administered scales were employed.

Results
Compared with xanomeline alone, KarXT reduced composite incidences of the five a priori selected cholinergic AEs by 46% and each individual AE by ≥ 29%. There were no episodes of syncope in KarXT-treated subjects; two cases occurred in the xanomeline-alone arm. The rate of postural dizziness was 11.4% in the KarXT arm versus 27.2% with xanomeline alone. ECG, vital signs, and laboratory values were not meaningfully different between treatment arms. The VAS and clinician-administered scales tended to favor KarXT. PK analysis revealed that trospium did not affect xanomeline’s PK profile.

Conclusions
Trospium was effective in mitigating xanomeline-related cholinergic AEs. KarXT had an improved safety profile compared with xanomeline alone.
Structural Changes in Nonlocal Denoising Models Arising Through Bi-Level Parameter Learning
Authors: Davoli Elisa , Ferreira Rita , Kreisbeck Carolin , Schönberger Hidde 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce a unified framework based on bi-level optimization schemes to deal with parameter learning in the context of image processing. The goal is to identify the optimal regularizer within a family depending on a parameter in a general topological space. Our focus lies on the situation with non-compact parameter domains, which is, for example, relevant when the commonly used box constraints are disposed of. To overcome this lack of compactness, we propose a natural extension of the upper-level functional to the closure of the parameter domain via Gamma-convergence, which captures possible structural changes in the reconstruction model at the edge of the domain. Under two main assumptions, namely, Mosco-convergence of the regularizers and uniqueness of minimizers of the lower-level problem, we prove that the extension coincides with the relaxation, thus admitting minimizers that relate to the parameter optimization problem of interest. We apply our abstract framework to investigate a quartet of practically relevant models in image denoising, all featuring nonlocality. The associated families of regularizers exhibit qualitatively different parameter dependence, describing a weight factor, an amount of nonlocality, an integrability exponent, and a fractional order, respectively. After the asymptotic analysis that determines the relaxation in each of the four settings, we finally establish theoretical conditions on the data that guarantee structural stability of the models and give examples of when stability is lost.
Left ventricular myocardial strain responding to chronic pressure overload in patients with resistant hypertension evaluated by feature-tracking CMR
Authors: Chen Hang , Brunner Fabian J. , Özden Cansu , Wenzel Ulrich O. , Neumann Johannes T. , Erley Jennifer , Saering Dennis , Muellerleile Kai , Maas Kai-Jonathan , Schoennagel Bjoern P. , Cavus Ersin , Schneider Jan N. , Blankenberg Stefan , Koops Andreas , Adam Gerhard , Tahir Enver 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The study aimed to investigate the alterations of myocardial deformation responding to long-standing pressure overload and the effects of focal myocardial fibrosis using feature-tracking cardiac magnetic resonance (FT-CMR) in patients with resistant hypertension (RH).

Methods
Consecutive RH patients were prospectively recruited and underwent CMR at a single institution. FT-CMR analyses based on cine images were applied to measure left ventricular (LV) peak systolic global longitudinal (GLS), radial (GRS), and circumferential strain (GCS). Functional and morphological CMR variables, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging were also obtained.

Results
A total of 50 RH patients (63 ± 12 years, 32 men) and 18 normotensive controls (57 ± 8 years, 12 men) were studied. RH patients had a higher average systolic blood pressure than controls (166 ± 21 mmHg vs. 116 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.001) with the intake of 5 ± 1 antihypertensive drugs. RH patients showed increased LV mass index (78 ± 15 g/m2 vs. 61 ± 9 g/m2, p < 0.001), decreased GLS (− 16 ± 3% vs. − 19 ± 2%, p = 0.001) and GRS (41 ± 12% vs. 48 ± 8%, p = 0.037), and GCS was reduced by trend (− 17 ± 4% vs. − 19 ± 4%, p = 0.078). Twenty-one (42%) RH patients demonstrated a LV focal myocardial fibrosis (LGE +). LGE + RH patients had higher LV mass index (85 ± 14 g/m2 vs. 73 ± 15 g/m2, p = 0.007) and attenuated GRS (37 ± 12% vs. 44 ± 12%, p = 0.048) compared to LGE − RH patients, whereas GLS (p = 0.146) and GCS (p = 0.961) were similar.

Conclusion
Attenuation of LV GLS and GRS, and GCS decline by tendency, might be adaptative changes responding to chronic pressure overload. There is a high incidence of focal myocardial fibrosis in RH patients, which is associated with reduced LV GRS.

Clinical relevance statement
Feature-tracking CMR-derived myocardial strain offers insights into the influence of long-standing pressure overload and of a myocardial fibrotic process on cardiac deformation in patients with resistant hypertension.

Key Points
• Variations of left ventricular strain are attributable to the degree of myocardial impairment in resistant hypertensive patients.
• Focal myocardial fibrosis of the left ventricle is associated with attenuated global radial strain.
• Feature-tracking CMR provides additional information on the attenuation of myocardial deformation responding to long-standing high blood pressure.
No clinical consequence of liner malseating in dual-mobility THAs at short term: a systematic review
Authors: Karczewski Daniel , Andronic Octavian , Akgün Doruk , Adelhoefer Siegfried , Kriechling Philipp , Bäcker Henrik 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Liner malseating is well described in ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasties (THAs). However, limited information is known on this complication among dual-mobility articulations. As such, this systematic review analyzed liner malseating in dual-mobility THAs concerning prevalence, clinical implications, and associated risk factors.

Methods
A PRISMA criteria-based systematic review was performed, and PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Cochrane used as data bases. All original studies from 1980 to 2022 were considered eligible for inclusion, and Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) used for quality assessment.

Results
In total, five retrospective cohort studies with 2330 patients (2673 dual-mobility THAs) were included. Mean age was 66.9 years, mean BMI was 29.8 kg/m2, and 35% of patients were female. Rates of malseating ranged from 0.15% to 5.8%, with a total of 53 malseated liners identified throughout all studies (1.98%). Based on THA manufacturer, malseating occurred in 48 Stryker (1.96%) and 5 Biomet Zimmer (2.14%) THAs. Mean clinical follow-up was 2.2 years (mean range, 1.3 to 6.4 years). Except one patient reporting of pain at 2 years, no revision or negative clinical implication was noted in any of the malseated liners, including normal ranged metal ions measured in four cases. A smaller acetabular component size was identified as a statistically significant risk factor for malseating in one study. Mean MINORS score was 9.8.

Conclusions
Liner malseating is a rare finding in patients undergoing THAs with dual-mobility articulations. While prelim results demonstrate no negative clinical consequences to date, existing studies are limited, refer to short-term outcomes only, and do not prospectively follow-up affected patients.
Level of evidence: IV.
Chronobiological changes due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents in the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed cohort study
Authors: Perrar Ines , Alexy Ute , Jankovic Nicole 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to the lockdown of schools as one of the COVID-19 control measures, adolescents have had the opportunity to re-organise their daily lives; e.g. some of them have adapted their bedtimes to the new situation during the lockdown in favour of their own chronotype. Hence, we investigated differences in chronobiological characteristics (e.g., the midpoint of sleep, sleep duration or social jetlag (SJL); i.e., a discrepancy between biological and social timing) before and during the pandemic lockdown to examine potential changes. We asked participants from the ongoing open cohort Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study to fill out the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire during the COVID-19 lockdown and received the information of participants (n = 66) during the pandemic. A reference group matched for age, season, and sex was randomly selected from the DONALD study to assess participants’ chronobiological characteristics prior to (n = 132) the pandemic. Analyses of covariance were applied to examine differences between the two groups reflecting the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were aged 9–18 years (52% males). In the current examination, average sleep duration across the week was higher among adolescents during the pandemic (β = 00:30; p = 0.0006) and social jetlag was significantly lower (β =  −00:39; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our results showed that the COVID-19 lockdown enabled adolescents to adapt their sleeping habits according to their naturally late chronotype, which led to a significant reduction in SJL. These observations are likely to be explained by the effect of school closure.

What is Known:• Under ‘normal conditions’ without pandemic lockdowns, adolescents accumulate a lack of sleep due to social obligations such as school starts, resulting in social jetlag.• A late chronotype or exposure to social jetlag is a known risk factor for the development of chronic diseases.

What is New:• The COVID-19 lockdown represents a ‘natural experiment’ that enables adolescents to adhere to their internal biological clock. Without the usual social obligations, social jetlag can be significantly reduced.