bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden in the photograph: The myth of complete metabolic coverage possible in metabolomics investigations
Authors: Naman C. Benjamin , Puthiyedathu Sajeevan Thavarool , Poulin ChaeYeon C. , Poulin Remington X. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the late 1970s, many ‘omics‐style investigations have advanced our understanding of systems at all levels, from community level, through organismal, to individual cellular processes. Beginning with genomics and progressing through transcriptomics, proteomics and finally to metabolomics, the scope of interest shifts significantly from what is genetically possible to what is currently expressed, produced and measurable in a system. While the ideal goal of any ‘omics investigation is to fully describe a system, loss of information occurs at each decision‐making juncture. These losses are often not considered in the experimental planning stage but, when combined, they drastically affect the power of an investigation and the conclusions that can be drawn from it. Herein we discuss through the analogy of photography many of the decision‐making junctures of metabolomics investigations and the resultant losses of information occurring at each.
Do they know what they know? Accuracy in teacher candidates' self‐assessments and its influencing factors
Authors: Ernst Helen M. , Wittwer Jörg , Voss Thamar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough self‐assessing one's knowledge is an integral part of a teacher's professional development, little is known about the accuracy of teacher candidates' self‐assessments. In particular, not much attention has been paid to their self‐assessment accuracy assessed on an individual level. Using measures from research on metacognition, we investigated the accuracy and bias of 513 mathematics teacher candidates who were tested in and self‐assessed their professional knowledge in the three core domains of mathematical content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge. In addition, we examined the consistency of self‐assessment accuracy across the three knowledge domains and its relation to personal characteristics such as cognitive ability, personality traits and occupational self‐efficacy. Results showed that in all three domains of professional knowledge, most teacher candidates were either over‐ or underconfident in their knowledge and unaware of their strengths and weaknesses. Cognitive ability reduced the risk of being overconfident, whereas self‐efficacy was predictive of overconfidence. The Big Five personality traits were not systematically connected to self‐assessment accuracy, and variance in self‐assessment accuracy is still to be explained by further research. We address shortcomings of measures that are commonly used in self‐assessment research and advocate for the use of metacognitive methods in future studies that focus on teacher self‐assessments.
Exploration of lipidic prodrug‐loaded oil depot system for intramuscular prolonged delivery of entecavir
Authors: Jeong Min Young , Ho Myoung Jin , Choi Min‐Koo , Han Young Taek , Choi Yong Seok , Kang Myung Joo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEntecavir (EV) is a first‐line antiretroviral agent to treat chronic hepatitis B. However, its oral administration is challenging, due to food effect on intestinal absorption. Therefore, in order to afford improved patient's compliance, a novel long‐acting injectable oil depot (OD) system of entecavir‐3‐palmiate (EV‐P), a lipidic ester prodrug of EV, was formulated. The OD consisted of oleic acid and benzyl alcohol as oily vehicles, with a suitable viscosity (38.6 centipoise with shear rate of 1 s−1). The prodrug was gradually released from the OD under sink conditions, providing delayed liberation than that by the hydrophilic parent compound. Following the intramuscular injection in rats, EV‐P OD provided a markedly protracted EV profile compared to oral EV; the EV levels in plasma were expanded over 2 weeks, with elimination half‐life of about 7 days. Therefore, we concluded that EV‐P OD can be a promising approach for a prolonged delivery of EV.
Graphene nanotube array assists all‐wood supercapacitors to access high energy density and stability
Authors: Yuan Ruimei , Yin Xuemin , Xue Bei , Chang Jingjing , Wei Wei , Li Hejun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPorous carbons with advanced nanostructures and volumetric performance are particularly attractive and essential for miniature supercapacitors to access high energy densities and capacitances, both for portable electronics and massive electrical equipments. However, the electrochemical performances and the pore structure are closely bound up, both restricted by pore volume and pore density. Herein, the wood slice (~0.7 mm) with the periodic porous structure is chosen as the basic framework with rich macropores and the graphene nanotube array (GNTA) with mesopores is used as an intermediate structure in situ synthesized to form the substructure in macropores; therefore, the biomass and nanotube array together construct a porous carbon with hierarchical pores and large surface area. On this basis, Cu‐Co oxides are coated on the surface of the pores, to increase the capacitance of electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Because of the GNTA, the specific surface area increases from 38.2 to 1086.0 m2 g−1, which is quite helpful for the deposition of Cu‐Co oxide nanosheets and effectively alleviates their typical self‐stacking phenomenon. Meanwhile, the GNTA creates multiscale pores that served as channels for the rapid electron transfer and ion shuttling; as a result, the resistance obviously induces and capacitance increased by 131% (from 323.4 to 747.5 mF cm−2). For the assembled all‐wood asymmetric supercapacitor, the specific capacitance is 151.2 F g−1 (1 A g−1), the energy density is 53.8 Wh kg−1 with a power density of 900 W kg−1, and the specific capacitance remains extremely stable during the cycling. Our work provides a practical structure–design strategy for high‐performance supercapacitors.
Synergistic ferroptosis‐starvation therapy for bladder cancer based on hyaluronic acid modified metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Wang Yu , Xie Kunfeng , Chen Wei , Fang Yunze , Mo Qixin , Zhang Henghui , Zhao Xinlei , Li Dongqing , Tan Wanlong , Zhao Peng , Li Fei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract. Metastasis and recurrence of BCa are the leading causes of poor prognosis, and only a few patients can benefit from current first‐line treatments such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. It is urgent to develop more effective therapeutic method with low side effects. Here, a cascade nanoreactor, ZIF‐8/PdCuAu/GOx@HA (ZPG@H), is proposed for starvation therapy and ferroptosis of BCa. The ZPG@H nanoreactor was constructed by co‐encapsulation of PdCuAu nanoparticles and glucose oxidase into zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) modified by hyaluronic acid. The vitro results indicated that ZPG@H enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and reduced mitochondrial depolarization in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the integrated advantages of starvation therapy and chemodynamic therapy endow ZPG@H with a perfect ferroptosis inducing ability. This effectiveness, combined with its excellent biocompatibility and biosafety, means that ZPG@H could make a critical contribution to the development of novel BCa treatments.
‘From their own words’: A co‐produced study interpreting children and young people's experiences of emotional abuse and neglect expressed in anonymous, online peer‐peer message forums
Authors: Bennett Vanessa , Gill Chloe , Miller Pam , Sayers Clara ,   NeurOX YPAG members, Appleton Jane V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis naturalistic study researched online help‐seeking conversations between children and young people (CYP) experiencing emotional abuse and/or neglect and their peers. We believe this is the first study internationally to perform such research. Engagement with anonymous, online communities potentially offer children a source of knowledge and a platform to express and understand their experiences with peers on their own terms, using their own words. This study, co‐produced with 10 young co‐researchers (YCoR) (aged 14–18 years), aimed to explore the experiences, psychological characteristics and interactions of CYP engaging with an online peer‐peer message board service to explore theoretical and methodological approaches to examine such ‘real world’ data and inform service evaluation. Incorporating contextualised interpretations by the YCoR, a phenomenological approach explored how the experiences of abuse were constructed and questioned by CYP in online texts, and what motivates help‐seeking. Findings detail the context of CYPs emotionally abusive or neglectful experiences, their language, disclosed mental health challenges, explicit and inferred help‐seeking motivations. The co‐produced methodology facilitated a nuanced interpretation of CYPs' experiences to convey the impacts of emotional abuse and neglect disclosed in this anonymous environment. Validation with YCoR with diverse experiences would facilitate further translation of findings.
Phenylalanine Residues Are Very Rapidly Damaged by Nitrate Radicals (NO3⋅) in an Aqueous Environment
Authors: Nathanael Joses G. , Wille Uta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKinetic studies revealed that nitrate radicals (NO3⋅), which are formed through reaction of the noxious air pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO2⋅) and ozone (O3), very rapidly oxidize phenylalanine residues in an aqueous environment, with overall rate coefficients in the 108–109 M−1 s−1 range. With amino acids and dipeptides as model systems, the data suggest that the reaction proceeds via a π‐complex between NO3⋅ and the aromatic ring in Phe, which subsequently decays into a charge transfer (CT) complex. The stability of the π‐complex is sequence‐dependent and is increased when Phe is at the N terminus of the dipeptide. Computations revealed that the considerably more rapid radical‐induced oxidation of Phe residues in both neutral and acidic aqueous environments, compared to acetonitrile, can be attributed to stabilization of the CT complex by the protic solvent; this clearly highlights the health‐damaging potential of exposure to combined NO2⋅ and O3.
Design and Synthesis of a Mitochondrial‐Targeted JNK Inhibitor and Its Protective Effect on Parkinson's Disease Phenotypes
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiang , Zhang Duoteng , Du Fangning , An Weizhen , Ge Jingyan , Yu Changmin , Yang Naidi , Zhang Chengwu , Lim Kahleong , Li Lin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractC‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) is a key mediator involved in a variety of physiological processes. JNK activation is regulated in a complex manner by upstream kinases and phosphatases, and plays an important role in physiological processes such as the immune response and neuronal function. Therefore, JNK has become a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, arthritis and other diseases. Inhibition of JNK activation in mitochondria holds great potential for Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy. However, no specific mitochondrial‐targeted JNK inhibitor has been reported. We have developed a mitochondrial‐targeted JNK inhibitor, P2, by linking a mitochondrial‐specific cell‐penetrating peptide to SP600125 (SP), a commercialized specific inhibitor of JNK. We found that P2 specifically inhibited mitochondrial JNK phosphorylation instead of nuclear JNK signaling. Further studies showed that P2 effectively rescued PD phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo, thus indicating that it is a potential therapeutic for PD.
The Wild‐Type tRNA Adenosine Deaminase Enzyme TadA Is Capable of Sequence‐Specific DNA Base Editing
Authors: Ranzau Brodie L. , Rallapalli Kartik L. , Evanoff Mallory , Paesani Francesco , Komor Alexis C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBase editors are genome editing tools that enable site‐specific base conversions through the chemical modification of nucleobases in DNA. Adenine base editors (ABEs) convert A ⋅ T to G ⋅ C base pairs in DNA by using an adenosine deaminase enzyme to modify target adenosines to inosine intermediates. Due to the lack of a naturally occurring adenosine deaminase that can modify DNA, ABEs were evolved from a tRNA‐deaminating enzyme, TadA. Previous experiments with an ABE comprising a wild‐type (wt) TadA showed no detectable activity on DNA, and directed evolution was therefore required to enable this enzyme to accept DNA as a substrate. Here we show that wtTadA can perform base editing in DNA in both bacterial and mammalian cells, with a strict sequence motif requirement of TAC. We leveraged this discovery to optimize a reporter assay to detect base editing levels as low as 0.01 %. Finally, we used this assay along with molecular dynamics simulations of full ABE:DNA complexes to better understand how the sequence recognition of mutant TadA variants change as they accumulate mutations to better edit DNA substrates.
Role of Titanium in Ti/SiO2‐Supported Metallocene‐based Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Part 2: Particle Fragmentation
Authors: Zanoni Silvia , Nikolopoulos Nikolaos , Welle Alexandre , Cirriez Virginie , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA commercial SiO2 modified by the addition of a TiO2 layer on its surface and pore walls offers a support for metallocene‐based ethylene polymerization catalysts with a 35 % improved catalytic activity. The effect of such support modification on the catalyst particle fragmentation during polymerization reactions were assessed. This was performed by exposing the internal cross‐section of several SiO2 and Ti/SiO2‐based metallocene catalyst particles, polymerized at a wide range of reaction conditions, with a Focused‐Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB‐SEM), followed by a semi‐quantitative analysis of polymer, catalyst and macropores of each 2D image obtained. The titanation of the SiO2 lead to a support framework that fractures earlier and more efficiently. This was evidenced by the presence of several empty (polymer‐free) cracks along the support dense‐shell, found more extensively in the Ti‐modified polymerized catalyst particle, which also resulted in a more sustained polymerized particles macroporosity during the course of the reaction.
Amino‐Acid Based Chiral Trisubstituted Benzimidazole Supramolecules: Synthesis and Self‐Assembling Behavior
Authors: Mizukoshi Takato , Sogawa Hiromitsu , Sanda Fumio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTrisubstituted 1,3,5‐tri(benzimidazolyl)benzene derivatives were synthesized from l‐alanine, l‐valine, d‐valine and glycine, and their self‐assembling behavior and stimuli‐response in solution and gel states were evaluated. Circular dichroism/UV‐vis absorption spectroscopic and dynamic light scattering measurements revealed that the compounds formed H‐aggregates via intramolecular hydrogen bonding and π‐π stacking interactions in nonpolar solvents such as CHCl3, whereas collapse of the aggregates was confirmed by MeOH addition. Quantum mechanical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations also supported aggregation in CHCl3. Rheological analysis and morphology observation revealed the formation of a fibril like structure by further assembling of aggregates at a high concentration in CHCl3.
[3+2] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Cyclopropane and Hydroxylamines via Isocynate Intermediate to γ‐Lactams
Authors: Huang Xiaobing , Yu Jingxun , Luan Xinjun 
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive SummaryA general and efficient strategy for the synthesis of γ‐lactams has been reported. The hydroxylamines form Lossen rearrangement products of electron‐deficient group migration with base and then undergo [3+2] cycloaddition reaction with vinyl cyclopropane, which could be performed with broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance and high efficiency to produce the desired products. It also allowed further modification to other derivatives of these γ‐lactams.
THz antennas design, developments, challenges, and applications: A review
Authors: Pant Rashmi , Malviya Leeladhar 
Published: March 2023

SummaryTerahertz (0.1–10 THz) wireless communication will be the future technology to reach a top‐notch data rate. THz is one of the most promising candidates for 6G systems because it provides enormous bandwidth, up to 100 GHz, and a massive data rate of up to 1 Tbps. THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antenna arrays in 6G are hot research topics for implementing 6G wireless communication systems. The 6G aims to continue to enhance the features of the 5G as it is capable of achieving the maximum high‐speed data rate, excellent reliable communication, massive connectivity, and very low latency connectivity. The 6G requirements need high‐gain antenna arrays and MIMO antenna arrays to combat the effect of atmospheric losses in high frequencies. An in‐depth discussion of the planar THz antennas that have been extensively used in THz applications like imaging, sensing, and Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) has been conducted. The study of the THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antennas on different conducting materials such as copper and graphene, which are designed on different dielectric substrates such as polyimide, quartz, liquid crystalline polymer, and polytetrafluoroethylene, has been carried out in detail. Metamaterial, photoconductive, plasmonic antennas, and THz beamforming are significant parts of THz communications. This paper also provides antennas and antenna arrays based on them.
Us, them, and the others: Testing for discrimination amongst outgroups in a single‐piece nesting termite,Zootermopsis angusticollis
Authors: Padget Rebecca F. B. , Cant Michael A. , Thompson Faye J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecognition of group members is an important adaptation in social organisms because it allows help to be directed toward kin or individuals that are likely to reciprocate, and harm to be directed toward members of competing groups. Evidence in a wide range of animals shows that responses to outgroups vary with context, suggesting that cues to group membership also depend on the social or environmental context. In termites, intergroup encounters are frequent and their outcomes highly variable, ranging from destruction of a colony to colony fusion. As well as genetic factors, nestmate recognition in social insects commonly relies on cues that are mediated by environmental factors such as food source. However, single‐piece nesting termite colonies share nesting material and food source with rival colonies (their wood substrate serves as both). In principle, the shared environment of single‐piece nesting termite colonies could constrain their ability to identify non‐nestmates, contributing to some of the variation seen in encounters, but this has not been investigated. In this study, we raised incipient colonies of a single‐piece nesting termite,Zootermopsis angusticollis, on two different wood types and conducted behavioral assays to test whether nestmate discrimination can be constrained by common environmental conditions. We found that non‐nestmates elicited higher rates of identity checking and defense behavior compared to nestmates, but there was no effect of wood type on the strength of behavioral responses to non‐nestmates. We also found that one key cooperative behavior (allogrooming) was performed equally toward both nestmates and non‐nestmates. These findings offer no support for the hypothesis that common wood type constrains the nestmate recognition system of single piece nesting termites. We suggest that where groups encounter each other frequently in a common environment, selection will favor discrimination based on genetic and/or higher resolution environmentally mediated cues.
Importance of tree diameter and species for explaining the temporal and spatial variations of xylem water δ18O and δ2H in a multi‐species forest
Authors: Fresne Maëlle , Chun Kwok P. , Hrachowitz Markus , McGuire Kevin J. , Schoppach Remy , Klaus Julian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIdentifying the vegetation and topographic variables influencing the isotopic variability of xylem water of forest vegetation remains crucial to interpret and predict ecohydrological processes in landscapes. In this study, we used temporally and spatially distributed xylem stable water isotopes measurements from two growing seasons to examine the temporal and spatial variations of xylem stable water isotopes and their relationships with vegetation and topographic variables in a Luxembourgish temperate mixed forest. Species‐specific temporal variations of xylem stable water isotopes were observed during both growing seasons with a higher variability for beeches than oaks. Principal component regressions revealed that tree diameter at breast height explains up to 55% of the spatial variability of xylem stable water isotopes, while tree species explains up to 24% of the variability. Topographic variables had a marginal role in explaining the spatial variability of xylem stable water isotopes (up to 6% for elevation). During the drier growing season (2020), we detected a higher influence of vegetation variables on xylem stable water isotopes and a lower temporal variability of the xylem water isotopic signatures than during the wetter growing season (2019). Our results reveal the dominant influence of vegetation on xylem stable water isotopes across a forested area and suggest that their spatial patterns arise mainly from size‐ and species‐specific as well as water availability‐dependent water use strategies rather than from topographic heterogeneity. The identification of the key role of vegetation on xylem stable water isotopes has critical implications for the representativity of isotopes‐based ecohydrological and catchments studies.
Exploitation competition between seed predators and dispersers introduced toHawaiian forests
Authors: Case Samuel B. , Tarwater Corey E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExploitation competition occurs when one group of organisms reduces the availability of a resource for another group of organisms. For instance, plants produce a certain number of fruits for seed dispersal by fruit‐eating animals (hereafter frugivores), and fruit consumption by one group of frugivores can reduce the number of fruits available for other frugivores. However, it is uncertain whether exploitation competition is common among frugivores, particularly in novel ecosystems, where food resources are generally thought to be abundant and invasive species are dietary generalists. In a novel ecosystem in Hawai‘i, we used gut passage experiments with captive birds to identify roles of introduced frugivores and found they were either distinctly seed dispersers or predators. We then experimentally tested how frugivory by seed predators influenced frugivory by seed dispersers. Specifically, we used exclosures around fruiting plants that blocked seed predator access, while permitting seed disperser access, and we had two control treatments that allowed for access by all frugivores (n = 139 plants). When seed predators were excluded from plants, there was more frugivory by dispersers compared to controls, and results varied by year and plant species. Overall, we show that introduced frugivores occupied distinct ecological roles (seed predator or seed disperser), exploitation competition occurred between these introduced frugivore groups, and seed predators had both direct (via seed destruction) and indirect (via reduction in frugivory by dispersers) effects on seed dispersal. Thus, in this novel ecosystem, multiple frugivory is subtractive, and competition for fruit between introduced seed predators and seed dispersers scales up to affect invasions and the conservation of native flora.