bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: The complex interplay between diet and Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Faqerah Nojoud , Walker Daniel , Gerasimidis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundAlthough no causative microbe has been yet identified or successfully targeted in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the role of Escherichia coli in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease has attracted considerable interest.AimIn this review, we present a literature overview of the interactions between diet and E. coli and other Proteobacteria in the aetiology, outcomes and management of IBD and suggest future research directions.MethodsAn extensive literature search was performed to identify in vitro studies and research in animal models that explored mechanisms by which dietary components can interact with E. coli or Proteobacteria to initiate or propagate gut inflammation. We also explored the effect diet and dietary therapies have on the levels of E. coli or Proteobacteria in patients with IBD.ResultsPreclinical data suggest that the Western diet and its components influence the abundance, colonisation and phenotypic behaviour of E. coli in the gut, which may in turn initiate or contribute to gut inflammation. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet and specific dietary fibres may abrogate these effects and protect from inflammation. There are limited data from clinical trials, mostly from patients with Crohn's disease during treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition, with findings often challenging observations from preclinical research. Data from patients with ulcerative colitis are sparse.ConclusionsPreclinical and some clinical trial data suggest that E. coli and other Proteobacteria interact with certain dietary components to promote gut inflammation. Well‐designed clinical trials are required before dietary recommendations for disease management can be made.
The potential for bluetongue virus serotype 16 to cause disease in sheep in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Gestier S , Finlaison DS , Parrish K , Kirkland PD 
Published: September 2023

Bluetongue virus serotype 16 detection in NSWIn coastal New South Wales (NSW), bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes 1 and 21 are endemic and transmitted in most years without evidence of disease. However, serotype 16 (BTV‐16) infection was detected for the first time in NSW in November 2016 in cattle undergoing testing for export. Retrospective testing of blood samples collected from sentinel cattle as part of the National Arbovirus Monitoring Program (NAMP) established that the first detected transmission of BTV‐16 in NSW occurred in April 2016 in sentinel cattle on the NSW North Coast. Subsequently, until 2022, BTV‐16 has been transmitted in most years and was the predominant serotype in the 2018–2019 transmission season. The data available suggests that BTV‐16 may have become endemic in NSW.Experimental studiesDuring experimental infection studies with BTV‐16, all sheep were febrile, with the peak of viremia occurring 6–10 days after inoculation. There was nasal and oral hyperaemia in most sheep with several animals developing a nasal discharge and nasal oedema. All sheep developed coronitis of varying severity, with most also developing haemorrhages along the coronary band. There was a high incidence of haemorrhage in the pulmonary artery, epicardial petechiae, extensive pericardial haemorrhages and moderate body cavity effusions including pericardial effusions.ConclusionOverall, experimental pathogenicity findings suggest moderate disease may occur in sheep in the field. These findings, when combined with climatic variability that could result in an expansion of the range of Culicoides brevitarsis into major sheep‐producing areas of the state, suggest that there is an increasing risk of bluetongue disease in NSW.
A chat about bipolar disorder
Authors: Parker Gordon , Spoelma Michael J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the capabilities of ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre‐Trained Transformer) in generating informative content related to bipolar disorders. The objectives were to evaluate its ability to provide accurate information on symptoms, classification, causes, and management of bipolar disorder and to explore its creativity in generating topic‐related songs.MethodsChatGPT3 was used for the study, and a series of clinically relevant questions were asked to test its knowledge and creativity. Questions ranged from common symptom descriptions to more artistic requests for songs related to bipolar disorder.ResultsChatGPT demonstrated the capacity to provide basic and informative material on bipolar disorders, including descriptions of symptoms, classification types, causes, and treatment options. It also showed creativity in generating songs that capture the nuances of bipolar symptoms, both during high and low states.ConclusionsWhile ChatGPT3 can offer superficial information on psychiatric topics like bipolar disorder, its inability to provide accurate and up‐to‐date references limits its utility for creating a comprehensive review article for scientific journals. However, it may be helpful in generating educational material and assisting in component tasks for those with bipolar disorder or other psychiatric conditions. As newer versions of AI models are continually developed, their capabilities in producing more accurate and advanced content will need further evaluation.
Noninvasive diagnosis of pulmonary nodules using a circulating tsRNA‐based nomogram
Authors: Wang Qinglin , Song Xuming , Zhao Feng , Chen Qiang , Xia Wenjie , Dong Gaochao , Xu Lin , Mao Qixing , Jiang Feng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEvaluating the accuracy of pulmonary nodule diagnosis avoids repeated low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT)/CT scans or invasive examination, yet remains a main clinical challenge. Screening for new diagnostic tools is urgent. Herein, we established a nomogram based on the diagnostic signature of five circulating tsRNAs and CT information to predict malignant pulmonary nodules. In total, 249 blood samples of patients with pulmonary nodules were selected from three different lung cancer centers. Five tsRNAs were identified in the discovery and training cohorts and the diagnostic signature was established by the randomForest algorithm (tRF‐Ser‐TGA‐003, tRF‐Val‐CAC‐005, tRF‐Ala‐AGC‐060, tRF‐Val‐CAC‐024, and tiRNA‐Gln‐TTG‐001). A nomogram was developed by combining tsRNA signature and CT information. The high level of accuracy was identified in an internal validation cohort (n = 83, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.930, sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 73.8%) and external validation cohort (n = 66, AUC = 0.943, sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 86.8%). Furthermore, the diagnostic ability of our model discriminating invasive malignant ones from noninvasive lesions was assessed. A robust performance was achieved in the diagnosis of invasive malignant lesions in both training and validation cohorts (discovery cohort: AUC = 0.850, sensitivity 86.0%, specificity 81.4%; internal validation cohort: AUC = 0.784, sensitivity 78.8%, specificity 78.1%; and external validation cohort: AUC = 0.837, sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 84.0%). This novel circulating tsRNA‐based diagnostic model has potential significance in predicting malignant pulmonary nodules. Application of the model could improve the accuracy of pulmonary nodule diagnosis and optimize surgical plans.
Has the risk of liver re‐transplantation improved over the two decades?
Authors: Akabane Miho , Bekki Yuki , Imaoka Yuki , Inaba Yosuke , Esquivel Carlos O. , Kwong Allison , Melcher Marc L. , Sasaki Kazunari 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite advancements in liver transplantation (LT) over the past two decades, liver re‐transplantation (re‐LT) presents challenges. This study aimed to assess improvements in re‐LT outcomes and contributing factors.MethodsData from the United Network for Organ Sharing database (2002–2021) were analyzed, with recipients categorized into four‐year intervals. Trends in re‐LT characteristics and postoperative outcomes were evaluated.ResultsOf 128,462 LT patients, 7254 received re‐LT. Graft survival (GS) for re‐LT improved (91.3%, 82.1%, and 70.8% at 30 days, 1 year, and 3 years post‐LT from 2018 to 2021). However, hazard ratios (HRs) for GS remained elevated compared to marginal donors including donors after circulatory death (DCD), although the difference in HRs decreased in long‐term GS. Changes in re‐LT causes included a reduction in hepatitis C recurrence and an increase in graft failure post‐primary LT involving DCD. Trends identified included recent decreased cold ischemic time (CIT) and increased distance from donor hospital in re‐LT group. Meanwhile, DCD cohort exhibited less significant increase in distance and more marked decrease in CIT. The shortest CIT was recorded in urgent re‐LT group. The highest Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score was observed in urgent re‐LT group, while the lowest was recorded in DCD group. Analysis revealed shorter time interval between previous LT and re‐listing, leading to worse outcomes, and varying primary graft failure causes influencing overall survival post‐re‐LT.DiscussionWhile short‐term re‐LT outcomes improved, challenges persist compared to DCD. Further enhancements are required, with ongoing research focusing on optimizing risk stratification models and allocation systems for better LT outcomes.
SEEING SPATIAL STRUCTURES: ON THE ROLE OF VISUAL MATERIAL IN THE MAKING OF THE EARLY QUANTITATIVE REVOLUTION IN GEOGRAPHY
Authors: Michel Boris 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThis article examines the role that visual material played in the early years of the quantitative revolution in Anglophone geography. It is part of a larger project that attempts to write a history of geography's scopic regimes in the twentieth century and draws on post‐positivist approaches to the history of science. It is argued that there are a number of strategic as well as theoretical reasons for such a reliance on images in the quantitative revolution. Some reasons are unique to the quantitative revolution in geography, some resemble a more general way in which paradigm shifts take place in science and some are located outside of academia. This article is primarily interested in the internal view on the geography of the quantitative revolution and its rationalities. The paper departs from Christaller's hexagon, as one of the most influential and iconic. It then broadens the view to include a much wider range of visual material, arguing for some more general observations on the use of images in geography during the early quantitative revolution. It is argued that there was a significant shift of forms and functions of visual material. Overall, it is argued, visual material gained in importance and while geography was getting “thinner” and more abstract, its role in making visual arguments became stronger. From being merely an aid for seeing, visual material became a prime carrier of knowledge.
INFORMALITY AND LAND DEVELOPMENT IN ALBANIA: LAND REFORMS AND SOCIOECONOMIC DYNAMICS IN A COASTAL SETTLEMENT
Authors: Triantis Loukas , Vatavali Fereniki 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTInformality is a significant aspect of the recent processes of land development, which has attracted the interest of academics and policy‐makers, in the context of the crucial role that land has acquired for the global economy and the prevalent trends of capitalist activity. A wide variety of reforms and policies for dealing with informality have been adopted in many countries worldwide, often under the guidance of supranational organisations, though with contradictory impacts.The objective of this article is the critical appraisal of informality in land development processes in Albania, a former socialist country in “transition”, by exploring links with land reforms and socioeconomic dynamics, as well as the interaction of various actors from the global to the local level. We argue that, through multiple synergies and conflicts, informal practices serve a wide variety of interests, while informality in itself, as well as the policies for controlling it, may also lead to the intensification of socio‐spatial inequalities and exclusionsOur approach is based on the analysis of the land development processes in the coastal settlement of Jal as a case study. The article focuses on an incident of demolitions of informal constructions in Jal in 2007, which was associated with a World Bank's development project, as well as on the land development dynamics prior to and after this incident. We employed a mixed‐method approach, based on qualitative tools, which combined fieldwork in Jal, semi‐structured interviews in Jal, Tirana and Athens, evaluation of land reforms and review of official reports and articles in the local and national press.
NEIGHBOURHOOD TRAJECTORIES IN THE INNER CITIES OF PRAGUE AND TALLINN: WHAT AFFECTS THE SPEED OF SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE?
Authors: Temelová Jana , Novák Jakub , Kährik Anneli , Tammaru Tiit 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper explores neighbourhood trajectories in the inner cities in terms of social and demographic change in a comparative perspective, and analyses the role of in situ change and residential mobility in this change. The research is based on a quantitative census‐based study of Prague (the Czech Republic) and Tallinn (Estonia) at a detailed neighbourhood level. The study shows that in spite of many political and historical similarities, the differences in local regulatory mechanisms and local contexts have led to different urban outcomes. Institutional rigidity and long‐term resistance to adjusting physical structures to a new social system have restrained change in Prague. The inner city of Tallinn has experienced much more social restructuring, replacements and displacements. High home‐ownership rates, early rent de‐regulation and no major public involvement in housing all contribute to the market‐led urban change in Tallinn.
The relationship between working status in old age and cause‐specific disability in Japanese community‐dwelling older adults with or without frailty: A 3.6‐year prospective study
Authors: Fujiwara Yoshinori , Seino Satoshi , Nofuji Yu , Yokoyama Yuri , Abe Takumi , Yamashita Mari , Hata Toshiki , Fujita Koji , Murayama Hiroshi , Shinkai Shoji , Kitamura Akihiko 
Published: September 2023

AimTo examine the effects of employment engagement, classified by frailty and working status, on the incidence of disability in urban community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsWe used data from 6386 initially nondisabled residents aged 65–84 years from Ota City, Tokyo, Japan, in 2016. The observation duration was 3.6 years. Self‐administered questionnaires applied the Cox proportional hazard model by assessing the existence of frailty through Check‐List 15 (with a score ≥4 indicating the state of frailty), controlling for age, sex, living situation, education level, equivalent income, chronic conditions, body mass index, instrumental activities of daily living, self‐rated health, drinking and smoking status, and social activities. We evaluated the predictive value of working status (full‐time, part‐time, temporary, or nonworker) at baseline for cause‐specific disability (dementia‐type vs. non–dementia‐type) incidence, identified using the long‐term care insurance system's nationally unified database.ResultsOf the 6386 participants, 806 (63/1134 full‐time workers; 58/1001 part‐time workers; 61/547 temporary workers; 624/3704 nonworkers) presented with disabilities during the 3.6‐year‐long duration. Adjustments for conventional covariates showed that nonfrail full‐time and part‐time workers, as well as frail full‐time workers, had significantly lower risks of all‐cause disability incidence. Furthermore, nonfrail and frail full‐time workers had significantly lower risks of dementia‐type and nondementia‐type disabilities, respectively.ConclusionsThe incidence of disability in older adults was influenced by working and frailty status. Engaging in full‐time work thus prevents disabilities in older adults, regardless of their frailty status. Meanwhile, nonfrail older adults are able to avoid disabilities even when engaging in part‐time work. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 855–863.
Writing touch, writing (epistemic) vulnerability
Authors: Kaasila‐Pakanen Anna‐Liisa , Jääskeläinen Pauliina , Gao Grace , Mandalaki Emmanouela , Zhang Ling Eleanor , Einola Katja , Johansson Janet , Pullen Alison 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTouch mediates relations between self‐other, writers, and readers; it is material and affective. This paper is the outcome of writing touch as a collaborative activity between eight women writers across different times and locals. In sharing experiences of touch during and beyond the pandemic, we engage with collaborative writing articulated here as colligere, involving the assembling of writing in a holding space. The meanings and feelings of touch arise from our distinct writer positionalities as we think, work, and write in and about life, research, organizations, and organizing. We suggest that writing that reflects on/through touch presents epistemic vulnerability and openness to unknowing in the nexus of intercorporeal relationships. Writing touch contributes to writing and doing academia differently, particularly by offering sensorial encounters that reframe the ethico‐political conditions of academic knowledge creation.
Treatment of pulpal and apical disease: The European Society of Endodontology (ESE) S3‐level clinical practice guideline
Authors: Duncan Henry F. , Kirkevang Lise‐Lotte , Peters Ove A. , El‐Karim Ikhlas , Krastl Gabriel , Del Fabbro Massimo , Chong Bun San , Galler Kerstin M. , Segura‐Egea Juan J. , Kebschull Moritz ,   ESE Workshop Participants and Methodological Consultant
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe ESE previously published quality guidelines for endodontic treatment in 2006; however, there have been significant changes since not only in clinical endodontics but also in consensus and guideline development processes. In the development of the inaugural S3‐level clinical practice guidelines (CPG), a comprehensive systematic and methodologically robust guideline consultation process was followed in order to produce evidence‐based recommendations for the management of patients presenting with pulpal and apical disease.AimTo develop an S3‐level CPG for the treatment of pulpal and apical disease, focusing on diagnosis and the implementation of the treatment approaches required to manage patients presenting with pulpitis and apical periodontitis (AP) with the ultimate goal of preventing tooth loss.MethodsThis S3‐level CPG was developed by the ESE, with the assistance of independent methodological guidance provided by the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany and utilizing the GRADE process. A robust, rigorous and transparent process included the analysis of relevant comparative research in 14 specifically commissioned systematic reviews, prior to evaluation of the quality and strength of evidence, the formulation of specific evidence and expert‐based recommendations in a structured consensus process with leading endodontic experts and a broad base of external stakeholders.ResultsThe S3‐level CPG for the treatment of pulpal and apical disease describes in a series of clinical recommendations the effectiveness of diagnosing pulpitis and AP, prior to investigating the effectiveness of endodontic treatments in managing those diseases. Therapeutic strategies include the effectiveness of deep caries management in cases with, and without, spontaneous pain and pulp exposure, vital versus nonvital teeth, the effectiveness of root canal instrumentation, irrigation, dressing, root canal filling materials and adjunct intracanal procedures in the management of AP. Prior to treatment planning, the critical importance of history and case evaluation, aseptic techniques, appropriate training and re‐evaluations during and after treatment is stressed.ConclusionThe first S3‐level CPG in endodontics informs clinical practice, health systems, policymakers, other stakeholders and patients on the available and most effective treatments to manage patients with pulpitis and AP in order to preserve teeth over a patient's lifetime, according to the best comparative evidence currently available.
Multidisciplinary team discussion: the emerging gold standard for management of cardiopulmonary complications of connective tissue disease
Authors: Fairley Jessica L. , Ross Laura , Burns Andrew , Prior David , Conron Matthew , Rouse Hannah , McDonald Julie , MacIsaac Andrew , La Gerche André , Morrisroe Kathleen , Ferdowsi Nava , Quinlivan Alannah , Brown Zoe , Stevens Wendy , Nikpour Mandana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCardiopulmonary complications of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), particularly pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and interstitial lung disease (ILD), are major determinants of morbidity and mortality. Multidisciplinary meetings may improve diagnostic accuracy and optimise treatment. We review the literature regarding multidisciplinary meetings in CTD‐ILD and PAH and describe our tertiary centre experience of the role of the multidisciplinary meeting in managing CTD‐PAH.
Cognition ability, financial advice seeking, and investment performance: New evidence from China
Authors: Yang Ziying , Gao Jie , Yu Du 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper examines how cognitive ability affects households' demand for financial advice and whether households with financial advisors reap better investment returns in China. Using data from the nationally representative China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) and China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we find that math ability (i.e., one domain of cognitive ability) has a significant and negative effect on households' propensity to hire financial advisors, whereas the impact of verbal ability (i.e., another domain of cognitive ability) on seeking financial advice is insignificant. The analysis also suggests that the influence of cognitive limitation is larger for less educated and financially literate households. We conduct a regression discontinuity based on the Huai River policy, supporting the causal influence of cognitive ability on financial advice seeking. Furthermore, we find no evidence that financial advice improves investors' investment performance.
The Founder certification effect, firm disclosures, and the cost of SEO financing
Authors: Fan Yun , Gu Xiaozhe , Nagarajan Nandu J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate the effect of founder control on firms’ financing costs for seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). Firms issuing SEOs are subject to increased information asymmetry and associated agency conflicts. We hypothesize that founder control has a certification effect that mitigates such problems, and consequently, reduces the cost of issuing SEOs. Consistent with our prediction, firms with founder control enjoy higher abnormal announcement returns and lower SEO gross spreads. We also show that founder firms have better post‐SEO operating performance than non‐founder firms. Additionally, we document that the founder certification effect is more salient among firms with poorer pre‐SEO operating performance and those that do not disclose specific use of the SEO proceeds. Finally, we show that founder firms do not increase the frequency of management earnings forecasts as much as non‐founder firms prior to the SEO. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity analyses, and our conclusions are consistent with the founder certification effect.