bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IV. Erzählen vor Gericht: Die Basler Zeugenverhörprotokolle der Jahre 1475–1480
Authors: Signori Gabriela 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Since the 13th century, the interrogation of witnesses has been firmly anchored in medieval finding of justice. Theory and practice are in a reciprocal relationship with society, which recurs to testimonies in order to find justice. The level of reflection in the law books is high. Particular attention is paid to the question of who must be excluded from the witness stand, whereas the question of who is suitable is of secondary interest. On the one hand, the law books identify groups of people who are to be excluded, on the other hand, they discuss time-specific forms of social solidarities and hostilities from which bias results. In legal practice, the relationship between law and society presents itself as a tense one. As in Marseille (14th century), the balance can be favoured by the procedure (catalogue of questions) in favour of society, and social solidarities can homogenise the witness depositions. But the same procedure can also individualise them in the sense of the law, as in Aragón in the 15th and 16th century. In the late medieval Rhine metropolis of Basel, on which this contribution focusses, the balance also turns out in favour of the law, though the individual testimony does not follow a fixed grid of questions.
V. Securitas. Die Debatte um Unverletzlichkeit und Immunität in der politischen und Rechtstheorie der Diplomatie vom 13. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert
Authors: Kleinschmidt Harald 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Securitas. Debating Inviolability and Immunity in the Legal and Political Theory of Diplomacy, Thirteenth to Eighteenth Century. The essay examines the legal aspects of the transformation of the rules governing the protection of diplomatic agents from the ancient law of hospitality into treaties guaranteeing extraterritoriality. The transformation involved the shift of the derivation of these rules from natural to positive law around 1800. In material respects, it entailed the recasting of diplomatic agents catagorised as a specifically vulnerable group of professionals into a group of specially privileged representatives of sovereign states and their perceived interests.
VI. Freedom of Testation in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Legislation
Authors: le Dret Valentin Pinel 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Contrary to what one could have deduced from art. 2 and 17 of the Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen, where property had been elevated as a natural right, imprescriptible, inviolable, and sacred, and art. 537 and 544 of the Code civil, where the owners had been given the right to use in the most absolute way and dispose freely of their property, neither the Revolutionary nor the Napoleonic lawmakers thought of the right of disposing freely of one’s property upon death as self-evident. Although there had been a long tradition of testamentary succession in the South of France, the right to dispose freely of one’s properties by testament led to tensions as to its articulation with the pro-intestate customs of the Northern provinces – in 1789–1804 French private law(s) had indeed not yet been unified and the unification process had given rise to several rearguard arguments in favour of local idiosyncrasies –, but most importantly, it led to tensions as to its articulation with the institution of family, one of the pillars, along with property, of the new social order that had emerged from the ruins of the Ancien Régime: the bourgeois society.
VIII Das Reichsoberhandelsgericht als Cour de Cassation für Elsass-Lothringen und seine Rechtsprechung in Zivilsachen (1871–1879)
Authors: Löhnig Von Martin 
Published: June 2023

Summary

The Reichsoberhandelsgericht as Cour de Cassation for Alsace-Lorraine and its jurisdiction in civil matters. From 1871 to 1879, the Reichsoberhandelsgericht functioned as the Supreme Court of the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine. The article deals with the establishment of this Supreme Court and analyses its jurisdiction in civil matters. Special attention is paid to the court’s handling of the French civil law applicable in the Reichsland.
Ergänzungen zu „Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters und ihre Handschriften“
Authors: Oppitz Ulrich-Dieter 
Published: June 2023

Summary
This article presents newly discovered manuscripts and single leaves of German-language customary law books. It describes variations to the manusripts and single leaves listed in U.-D. Oppitz, “Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters”, vol. II, Cologne 1990.
Ius commune on the Periphery? A Study of Peasants’ Wills in Poland in the XV–XVII centuries
Authors: Sorka Kamil 
Published: June 2023

Summary
The article is devoted to an analysis of the corpus of wills of peasants living in the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the Middle Ages and the early modern era. This was inspired and based on a recent source edition compiled by Janusz Łosowski. The most important institutions of the peasant will, its normative context and the possible influence of the ius commune are analyzed.
Agrarrechtsgeschichte – ein konstitutiver Gegenstand der Erforschung landschaftsbezogener Rechtsgemeinschaften
Authors: Deter Gerhard 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Ever since regional history has developed as an independent discipline alongside national/state history, the historical landscape has been seen independent of the boundaries of the 19th century. By elaborating the legal phenomena of a historical landscape, legal historians can also contribute substantially to the goals of historical regional studies. With his dissertation discussed here, Esser takes up the problem of the so-called ground release as part of the agrarian reforms or peasants’ liberation at the beginning of the 19th century, which, however, he examines only within the boundaries of one West German territory, the Duchy of Julich. Thus, he misses the opportunity to embed his subject in the larger framework of the landscape-based legal community of the Rhineland. Nevertheless, his account makes an important contribution to the study of land release as part of the agrarian reforms in Germany.
II. Power as Privilege: The Maxim Privilegium meretur amittere, qui potestate sibi concessa abutitur
Authors: Brasington Bruce 
Published: June 2023

Summary
We trace the transmission and influence of a late-antique maxim, “Privilegium meretur amittere, qui potestate sibi concessa abutitur” [PMA] down to the early modern period. Appearing first in a decretal of Pope Simplicius, it spread not only through the canon law but also into a variety of other texts, for example theological and political treatises. PMA deserves attention alongside the more famous “Quod omnes tangit, ab omnibus approbetur” through its contribution to the idea of limited government.
Homotypic SCOTIN assemblies form ER‐endosome membrane contacts and regulate endosome dynamics
Authors: Yun Hyeri , Jung Minkyo , Lee Hojin , Jung Sungjin , Kim Taehyeon , Kim Nari , Park Seung‐Yeol , Kim Won Jong , Mun Ji Young , Yoo Joo‐Yeon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ER regulates the spatiotemporal organization of endolysosomal systems by membrane contact. In addition to tethering via heterotypic interactions on both organelles, we present a novel ER‐endosome tethering mechanism mediated by homotypic interactions. The single‐pass transmembrane protein SCOTIN is detected in the membrane of the ER and endosomes. In SCOTIN‐knockout (KO) cells, the ER‐late endosome contacts are reduced, and the perinuclear positioning of endosomes is disturbed. The cytosolic proline‐rich domain (PRD) of SCOTIN forms homotypic assemblies in vitro and is necessary for ER‐endosome membrane tethering in cells. A region of 28 amino acids spanning 150–177 within the SCOTIN PRD is essential to elicit membrane tethering and endosomal dynamics, as verified by reconstitution in SCOTIN‐KO cells. The assembly of SCOTIN (PRD) is sufficient to mediate membrane tethering, as purified SCOTIN (PRD), but not SCOTIN (PRDΔ150‐177), brings two different liposomes closer in vitro. Using organelle‐specific targeting of a chimeric PRD domain shows that only the presence on both organellar membranes enables the ER‐endosome membrane contact, indicating that the assembly of SCOTIN on heterologous membranes mediates organelle tethering.
Association between preoperative glucose- lowering medication agents and the status of type 2 diabetes mellitus after bariatric surgery
Authors: Raja Haseem , Ebrahim Saarah , Mamidanna Ravikrishna , Patel Krashna , Askari Alan , Arhi Chanpreet , Munasinghe Aruna , Rashid Farhan , Al-Taan Omer , Jambulingam Periyathambi , Whitelaw Douglas , Jain Vigyan , Zalin Anjali , Rehman Tariq , Asil MD Tanveer 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with morbid obesity. This study investigates whether duration of diabetes and anti-diabetes therapy are associated with glycaemic control after surgery in a routine clinical setting.
Method: A cohort analysis of a prospectively maintained database was carried out for consecutive bariatric operations performed between April 2017 and March 2018 for patients with T2DM.
Results: A total 105 patients with T2DM underwent bariatric surgery (89 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 16 sleeve gastrectomy). Median follow-up was 19 months ([interquartile range] IQR 13-24 months). Median weight and body mass index (BMI) on the day of surgery were 125 kg (IQR 103.9- 138.7) and 42.4 kg/m2 (IQR 39-46.8), respectively. At follow- up, 68 patients (64.8%) had achieved remission of diabetes. Patients who were pre-operatively on more than one glucose-lowering medication were less likely to go into remission (odds ratio [OR] 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.44, p=0.001) compared to those that were on a single glucose-lowering medication agent. Pre-operative use of insulin therapy (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.03-0.31, p=<0.001) and SGLT2 inhibitors (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.05-0.92, p=0.038) were signiﬁcant negative predictors of remission. Type of operation (p=0.34), pre-operative BMI (p=0.99), and % total weight loss (TWL) (p=0.83) did not predict remission from T2DM after surgery.
Conclusions: Most patients who are medicated for T2DM can stop their glucose-lowering medication after bariatric surgery. Patients who are on multiple glucose-lowering medication agents or those dependent on insulin or SGLT2 inhibitors before bariatric surgery are less likely to undergo complete remission >12 months after bariatric surgery.
Strategi Political Marketing Partai Solidaritas Indonesia dalam Memperoleh Suara di DPRD Provinsi DKI Jakarta pada Pemilu 2019
Authors: Rosyidin Iding , Sanjaya Andy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This study analyzes the political marketing strategy of DPW PSI Jakarta DPRD DKI Jakarta in the 2019 election. The purpose of this research is to look at PSI Jakarta's strategy in facing the 2019 election, so as to get 8 seats for DPRD DKI Jakarta. Also, to find out the obstacles faced by PSI Jakarta during the campaign. PSI's achievements as a new party have been quite successful and have even exceeded the expectations of its management. Even though it was full of controversy by carrying anti-corruption and anti-intolerance narratives which were labeled as anti-Islamic parties, it was able to get 8 seats. PSI as a new party, eventually made its way to the DKI Jakarta parliament. In this case, PSI's political marketing strategy is quite effective which is based on push, pull and pass political marketing. This study uses the main theory of political marketing. The focus of the discussion is PSI's political marketing strategy. The method used is qualitative, with interviews and documentation data collection techniques. Analysis of the research data is divided into three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This research concludes that the political marketing strategy of DPW PSI Jakarta is quite effective. Meanwhile, the control is being branded as an anti-Islamic party, failing to pass the parliamentary threshold, and the eliteness of its narrative. Keywords: PSI, political marketing, strategy. Abstrak. Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang strategi pemasaran politik DPW PSI Jakarta DPRD DKI Jakarta pada pemilu 2019. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat strategi PSI Jakarta dalam menghadapi pemilu 2019, sehingga mendapatkan 8 kursi untuk DPRD DKI Jakarta. Juga, untuk mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi oleh PSI Jakarta pada saat kampanye. Pencapaian PSI sebagai partai baru sudah cukup berhasil bahkan bisa melebihi ekspektasi dari para pengurusnya. Meski penuh kontroversi dengan mengusung narasi anti korupsi dan anti intoleransi yang dicap sebagai partai anti Islam, namun mampu mendapatkan 8 kursi. PSI sebagai partai baru, akhirnya melenggang ke parlemen DKI Jakarta. Dalam hal ini, strategi pemasaran politik PSI cukup efektif yang bertumpu pada push, pull dan pass political marketing. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori utama pemasaran politik. Fokus pembahasannya strategi pemasaran politik PSI. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data penelitian ini terbagi menjadi tiga tahapan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan strategi pemasaran politik DPW PSI Jakarta cukup efektif. Sementara kendalnya adalah dicap partai anti Islam, tidak lolos parlementary threshold, dan keelitisan narasnya. Kata Kunci: PSI, marketing politik, strategi.
Development of an Approach to Assessing Pediatric Fellows’ Transport Medical Control Skills
Authors: Good Ryan J. , Boyer Donald L. , Bjorklund Ashley R. , Corden Mark H. , Harris Matthew I. , Tcharmtchi M. Hossein , Kink Rudy J. , Koncicki Monica L. , Molas-Torreblanca Kira , Miquel-Verges Franscesca , Mink Richard B. , Rozenfeld Ranna A. , Sasser William C. , Saunders Scott , Silberman Anna P. , Srinivasan Sushant , Tseng Ashlie S. , Turner David A. , Zurca Adrian D. , Czaja Angela S. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Pediatric interfacility transport teams facilitate access to subspecialty care, and physicians often guide management remotely as transport medical control (TMC). Pediatric subspecialty fellows frequently perform TMC duties, but tools assessing competency are lacking. Our objective was to develop content validity for the items required to assess pediatric subspecialty fellows’ TMC skills.

METHODS
We conducted a modified Delphi process among transport and fellow education experts in pediatric critical care medicine, pediatric emergency medicine, neonatal-perinatal medicine, and pediatric hospital medicine. The study team generated an initial list of items on the basis of a literature review and personal experience. A modified Delphi panel of transport experts was recruited to participate in 3 rounds of anonymous, online voting on the importance of the items using a 3-point Likert scale (marginal, important, essential). We defined consensus for inclusion as ≥80% agreement that an item was important/essential and consensus for exclusion as ≥80% agreement that an item was marginal.

RESULTS
The study team of 20 faculty drafted an initial list of items. Ten additional experts in each subspecialty served on the modified Delphi panel. Thirty-six items met the criteria for inclusion, with widespread agreement across subspecialties. Only 1 item, “discussed bed availability,” met the criteria for inclusion among some subspecialties but not others. The study team consolidated the final list into 26 items for ease of use.

CONCLUSIONS
Through a consensus-based process among transport experts, we generated content validity for the items required to assess pediatric subspecialty fellows’ TMC skills.
Historical parallels of the behavioral and psychological characteristics of the Zaporizhian Cossacks and Makhnovets
Authors: Khodchenko Olena 
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the identification of historical features of the Zaporozhia Sich Cossacks and Makhnovites in retrospect. Based on narrative and documentary sources it was made an attempt to characterize the behavioral and psychological features of the Zaporizhian Cossacks and Makhnov units, which operated in different chronological periods – but had a common goal – the Ukrainian liberation movement. Historical memory is of great importance for understanding the worldview of the Ukrainian people, which forms guidelines for future generations. In addition, if the Zaporizhia Cossacks entered our narrative as freedom-loving fighters for Ukrainian freedoms, then the Makhnovists – as anarchists and bandits. What exactly influenced the formation of such an opposite perception? Most likely, it was the “memory of generations”, “heroism” and the testimony of eyewitnesses that created the characters of the Zaporizhia Cossacks and Makhnovites, which we extrapolate to the present. How are historical characters formed, what factors influence these processes, what behavioral characteristics were appropriated to the Zaporozhia Cossacks and Makhnovists? These questions will be considered in this article. The purpose of the study is to update the view of the historical images of the past by analyzing the behavioral traits of the Zaporizhia Cossacks and Makhnovites. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the Zaporizhia Cossacks of the XVII–XVIII centuries and the Makhnov rebels in combat and non-combat conditions revealed an almost complete coincidence of features. This collective reflexive worldview, reinforced by revolutionary ideas, determined the behavior in action. In the course of the Ukrainian revolution, the insurgents became one of the parties to the conflict between the powerful forces of the reconstruction of capitalism and the Bolshevik model of society. Due to the vagueness of the anarchist model of society, the low discipline and morality of the performers, the army became a source of self-interest, robbery, destruction and terror, and ultimately, a factor in the discrediting of the progressive aspirations of the movement.
Observed reduction in fracture toughness of AlN and AlN–Mo ceramic matrix composites with carbon additive
Authors: Hoff Brad W. , Savrun Ender , Dynys Frederick W. , Baros Anthony E. , Cohick Zane W. , Schaub Samuel C. , Franzi Matthew A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe fracture toughness of AlN ceramic matrix composites containing carbon (0.5 vol%), yttria (5.0 vol%), and Mo (0.0–4.0 vol%) was evaluated using Vickers indentation. The results of these measurements were compared to a carbon-free, commercial AlN (ST-200 ALN) as well as to AlN and AlN–Mo compositions from the literature. The presence of added carbon was found to correlate with a 21% reduction in fracture toughness of the 0.0 vol% Mo carbon-containing sample, compared to commercial ST-200 AlN, in both the A-orientation (indentation parallel to the pressing direction) and the B-orientation (indentation perpendicular to the pressing direction). Mo additions at small loading fractions (~ 0.25 vol%) were found to exhibit greater-than-expected increases in fracture toughness in the A-orientation, when compared to literature data on AlN–Mo composites. This increase in fracture toughness correlates to the removal of elemental carbon in the AlN matrix through reaction with the Mo additive, forming Mo2C, localized at the Mo particle sites. Further increasing Mo loading was observed to result in generally increasing fracture toughness values, as would be expected from literature data.
Graphical abstract
The effect of ternary additions on the structural and mechanical properties of B2 phase FeCo magnetic alloy
Authors: Ledwaba Tebogo , Diale Ramogohlo , Ngoepe Phuti , Chauke Hasani 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFeCo alloy constitutes an important class of soft-magnetic materials with a wide range of technological applications. This class of materials offers exceptional magnetic properties due to their rare combination of good properties like high mechanical strength, and high saturation magnetization. Fortunately, this alloy has good magnetic properties, but shows low levels of ductility at room temperature. This study intends to use density functional theory (DFT), to understand how ternary alloying with Pd and Mn can improve the ductility of B2 FeCo system. We probe the relationship between stability and composition of the ternary Fe50Co50−xMx (M = Pd, Mn) with different M content. Furthermore, the study also investigates how ternary alloying affects the stability of the B2 FeCo alloy. There is a significant enhancement of ductility with Mn addition than Pd ternary addition. It is noteworthy that small composition of Pd (< 10 at.%) does not compromise the valuable properties of FeCo. The findings suggest that Fe50Co50−xMx alloys can be used for the future development of magnetic components with good strength.

Graphical abstract
The effect of ternary additions on the structural and mechanical properties of B2 phase FeCo magnetic alloy.
A proposição historiográfica da Ciência do Sistema Terra
Authors: Figueiredo Lowande Walter Francisco 
Published: June 2023

As discussões sobre o Antropoceno produzidas pela Ciência do Sistema Terra (CST) e pela estratigrafia têm resultado em textos que lançam mão de dados e modelos, mas que também produzem narrativas históricas por meio das quais se tenta oferecer um novo sentido unificado para a humanidade. Neste artigo tomo esses enunciados como “proposições” com o potencial de transformar a prática historiográfica. O objetivo é oferecer um quadro mais detalhado das contribuições desses e dessas “antropocenologistas” a fim de possibilitar uma melhor avaliação das possibilidades de acolhimento dessas proposições pela comunidade de historiadores e historiadoras. Para tanto, este artigo tem o objetivo de revisar algumas críticas recentes às narrativas produzidas por esses e essas cientistas. Como conclusão, demonstro que a literatura produzida pela CST não pode ser reduzida facilmente à ideia de uma “metanarrativa”, devido à pluralidade de posições que ela abarca, bem como aponto para a necessidade de uma pluralização das perspectivas ontoepistêmicas da historiografia a fim de que ela possa contribuir com as múltiplas formas de habitar e de conferir sentido para a experiência no pós-Holoceno.
Educational Trajectories of First-Generation Students as a Case of Inequality in Higher Education
Authors: Лукина Анастасия 
Published: June 2023

Today educational trajectories of First-Generation College Students (hereinafter referred to as FGS) can be considered as a key subject of international research on inequality. The study of FGS has both conceptual and practical implications: holding a consistently vulnerable position within the higher education institutions, FGS constitute a vivid case that illustrates the mechanisms of inequality reproduction, as well as demonstrates its multidimensional and rigid nature. While there is a well-developed tradition of research on this issue in the West, the FGS category has not yet received much attention in the Russian academic field, which leaves invisible many aspects of inequality within Russian education.
This article is devoted to the review of international studies of First-Generation Students – people who were the first in their family to find themselves studying in higher education institutions. Two groups of sources are analyzed: empirical educational strategies of FGS, as well as theoretical works aimed at conceptualizing this category and explaining the vulnerability of its representatives in the education system. Two areas of empirical work on FGS could be distinguished: the first one is devoted to the study of educational choice and admission to universities, while the second one considers the process of studying at a university. The concepts of habitus and forms of capital by P. Bourdieu, the integration model by V. Tinto and the role theory by G.H. Mead are considered as the dominant theoretical directions of understanding FGS. The article concludes with the discussion of potential and limitations of studying FGS in the Russian context in terms of both specifics of national educational system and the stratification model of Russian society.