bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Problem of Necessity
Authors: Le Poidevin Robin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
God is traditionally conceived of as a necessary being—one which could not have failed to exist. But a vulnerable human being is a contingent, non-necessary object. So, in becoming incarnate, did a necessary being become a contingent one? But surely this notion makes no sense. So either the Son is contingent, or Christ is a necessary being, and neither option looks acceptable. The problem is distinguished from the question whether an immortal being could become mortal. The notions of conditional necessity and self-sufficiency are introduced, and the suggestion explored that the Son is conditionally necessary, that the conditions of that necessity may change, and that the property given up in the kenotic act is not necessity but self-sufficiency.
The Times of God Incarnate
Authors: Le Poidevin Robin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
An orthodox tradition represents God as timeless, a proposition that is also the conclusion of a compelling argument from the status of God as creator of all things. But divine timelessness would seem to rule out an act of kenosis, as this would require the Son to undergo an intrinsic change, and so be in time. A truly timeless being cannot become temporal. Conceding that the kenotic model is not orthodox, the kenoticist must dismantle the argument from creation to timelessness. This chapter aims to do just that, in the context of a relationist view of time. But it also attempts to show how a temporal God can nevertheless be, to some degree, not dependent on time. The final conclusion of the book is that a radical version of kenoticism is both defensible and superior to rival accounts.
Policing Gun Violence
Authors: Braga Anthony A. , Cook Philip J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This book makes the case that increasing the effectiveness of the police in gun-violence prevention is both possible and essential. It is essential because in many cities, gun violence is the most pressing crime problem, making cities less liveable and negatively affecting economic development. There is no good alternative to police authority for gaining control of criminal gangs and interrupting cycles of retaliation. Increasing police effectiveness is possible due to considerable advances in the understanding of what works (and what does not) in the strategic use of police resources. In particular, innovations such as focused deterrence, hot spots policing, procedural justice, and enhanced shooting investigations have been widely studied and offer real promise if implemented correctly. The challenges in this domain begin with the fact that low-income communities of color, which bear the brunt of gun violence, tend to be distrustful of the police. Residents of these communities often believe that they are overpoliced, due to heavy-handed tactics and officer-involved shootings. But they also believe they are underpoliced, as evidenced by slow response times, failure to intervene in tense situations, and low arrest rates for serious crime. A comprehensive strategy for policing gun violence requires a community focus and a commitment to reining in police misbehavior. This book makes the case that, done correctly, policing gun violence is an urgent investment and a matter of social justice.
The Medicago SymCEP7 hormone increases nodule number via shoots without compromising lateral root number
Authors: Ivanovici Ariel , Laffont Carole , Larrainzar Estíbaliz , Patel Neha , Winning Courtney S , Lee Han-Chung , Imin Nijat , Frugier Florian , Djordjevic Michael A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Legumes acquire soil nutrients through nitrogen-fixing root nodules and lateral roots. To balance the costs and benefits of nodulation, legumes negatively control root nodule number by autoregulatory and hormonal pathways. How legumes simultaneously coordinate root nodule and lateral root development to procure nutrients remains poorly understood. In Medicago (Medicago truncatula), a subset of mature C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) hormones can systemically promote nodule number, but all CEP hormones tested to date negatively regulate lateral root number. Here we showed that Medicago CEP7 produces a mature peptide, SymCEP7, that promotes nodulation from the shoot without compromising lateral root number. Rhizobial inoculation induced CEP7 in the susceptible root nodulation zone in a Nod factor-dependent manner, and, in contrast to other CEP genes, its transcription level was elevated in the ethylene signaling mutant sickle. Using mass spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy and expression analysis, we demonstrated that SymCEP7 activity requires the COMPACT ROOT ARCHITECTURE 2 receptor and activates the shoot-to-root systemic effector, miR2111. Shoot-applied SymCEP7 rapidly promoted nodule number in the pM to nM range at concentrations up to five orders of magnitude lower than effects mediated by root-applied SymCEP7. Shoot-applied SymCEP7 also promoted nodule number in White Clover (Trifolium repens) and Lotus (Lotus japonicus), which suggests that this biological function may be evolutionarily conserved. We propose that SymCEP7 acts in the Medicago shoot to counter balance the autoregulation pathways induced rapidly by rhizobia to enable nodulation without compromising lateral root growth, thus promoting the acquisition of nutrients other than nitrogen to support their growth.
Long-term opioid therapy and mental health comorbidity in patients with chronic pain
Authors: Vogt Susanne , Pfau Giselher , Vielhaber Stefan , Haghikia Aiden , Hachenberg Thomas , Brinkers Michael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Evidence suggests that patients with chronic pain and mental illness are more likely to receive long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) and at higher doses but are also at increased risk of experiencing opioid-related harm. This study investigates LTOT and its relationship to mental illness in the setting of a university-based outpatient pain clinic with liaison psychiatric care.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of patients with chronic pain admitted between 2011 and 2015. After a 1-year treatment period, patients with non-opioid treatment, guideline-recommended LTOT, and high-dose LTOT were compared, and multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of higher opioid dosage.

Results
Of 769 patients, 46% received LTOT (opioids for &gt;90 consecutive days), 13% at high dosage (&gt;120 oral morphine milligram equivalents [MME] / day). Two thirds of all patients had mental illness. The prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses and prescription rate of psychotropic medication did not significantly differ between groups. Pain chronicity stages, use of antidepressants, and sex significantly predicted MME/day but explained only a minor part of the variance. The association with antidepressants can be attributed to the prescription of antidepressants for analgesic purposes rather than for treating depression. No association with any other type of psychiatric disorders was observed.

Conclusion
This study shows that mental health comorbidity is highly prevalent but that the prescribed opioid dosage is independent of it in the clinical setting of this study. The concept of liaison psychiatric care might have essentially contributed to the “detachment” of opioid prescription and psychiatric conditions but cannot be isolated from other potentially contributing factors within this single-center observational study.
Spatiotemporal reconstruction of ancient road networks through sequential cost–benefit analysis
Authors: Stahlberg Maximilian J , Sagnol Guillaume , Ducke Benjamin , Klimm Max 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe construction of ancient road networks spanned generations and exhibits temporal path dependence that is not fully captured by established network formation models that are used to support archaeological reasoning. We introduce an evolutionary model that captures explicitly the sequential nature of road network formation: A central feature is that connections are added successively and according to an optimal cost–benefit trade-off with respect to existing connections. In this model, the network topology emerges rapidly from early decisions, a trait that makes it possible to identify plausible road construction orders in practice. Based on this observation we develop a method to compress the search space of path-dependent optimization problems. We use this method to show that the model’s assumptions on ancient decision-making allow the reconstruction of partially known road networks from the Roman era in good detail and from sparse archaeological evidence. In particular, we identify missing links in the major road network of ancient Sardinia that are in good agreement with expert predictions.
Critical policy capacity factors in the implementation of the community health worker program in India
Authors: Roy Bijoya , Saddi Fabiana da Cunha , Peckham Stephen , Barretos Maria Pereira 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper employs the policy capacity framework to develop a multidimensional and nested policy analysis that is able to examine how different types of capacity—analytical, organizational, and political from different related levels of the health system—have contributed to both policy success and failure during the implementation of a politically significant national community health worker (CHW) program in India. Directed toward rural and urban marginalized populations in India, this CHW has become the world’s largest CHW program. Launched in 2006, it has targeted communitization, strengthening of the primary health-care system, and universal health-care coverage, ultimately receiving an international award in 2022. We argue that, in a context of capacity deficits and tensions between different capacity domains, the individual political capacity has been more critical to policy success and strengthening. The analysis not only clarifies the ways in which the government took some initiatives to build up capacity but also highlights capacity deficits along different competency dimensions. This approach demonstrates the value of understanding and creating awareness concerning complex poor-resource settings and low organizational capacity while concomitantly building up the capacities needed to foster (workforce and leadership) strengthening.
Precautionary Saving in a Financially Constrained Firm
Authors: Abel Andrew B , Panageas Stavros 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For a firm that cannot raise external funds, cash on hand serves as precautionary saving. We derive a closed-form expression for the target level of cash on hand in the presence of persistent cash flows. Contrary to conventional wisdom, a mean-preserving increase in the volatility of cash flow can decrease this target. Over the set of admissible parameter values, the average impact of volatility on the target is zero. Endogenous selection, reflecting termination of firms that run out of cash, leads to a positive average impact of volatility on the target level of cash, consistent with empirical findings.
Long day’s journey into sleep
Authors: Kupfer David J , Frank Ellen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
My long day’s journey into sleep began as an adolescent trying to manage my evening chronotype. The relief, I felt when my undergraduate finals were scheduled at night and as a medical student being able to select psychiatry over surgery deepened my interest in sleep and chronobiology. That interest was allowed to flourish at the National Institute of Mental Health and then at Yale Medical School in setting up a sleep laboratory. The decision to move to the University of Pittsburgh in 1973 led to a 42-year adventure in which we were able to initiate research efforts on the psychobiology of depression. Our interest in social zeitgebers (daily routines) led directly to the development and testing of a treatment intervention for mood disorders, interpersonal, and social rhythm therapy. Our continued emphasis on sleep and circadian rhythms convinced us that sleep and circadian factors were central to all of health, based on the importance of connectivity between sleep and major metabolic and cell functions. This ongoing research motivated our strong desire to study the developmental aspects of sleep. Our success was influenced immensely by the presence of young scientists and a strong subsequent interest in career mentoring. Finally, as we left Pittsburgh in 2015, we became involved in the field of continuous objective monitoring using the commercial smartphone’s behavioral sensing capabilities. Our journey is not over. We hope to explore the potential of these remarkable devices to improve our understanding of sleep/wake and circadian factors across all of health.
Analysing freeway diverging risks using high-resolution trajectory data based on conflict prediction models
Authors: Li Ye , Dalhatu Sani , Yuan Chen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study aims to develop a reliable safety evaluation model for diverging vehicles and investigates the impact of the surrounding traffic environment on freeway diverging risks. High-resolution trajectory data from three sites in the Netherlands (Delft, Ter-Heide and Zonzeel) were employed for the risk analysis. Linear regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), extreme randomize trees (ET), adaptive boosting (Adaboost), extreme gradient boosting (XGboost) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), were developed for safety evaluation. The result showed that MLP outperforms the other models for diverging risk prediction over all the indicators, conflict thresholds and locations. Pairwise matrix, shapely addictive explanation (SHAP), and LR algorithms were further adopted to interpret the influence of the surrounding environment. It indicates that an increase in traffic density, subject vehicle (SV) lateral speed, the distance of SV from ramp nose and SV length would increase the diverging risk. At the same time, an increase in leading vehicle speed and space headway would decrease diverging risk. Finally, spatial analysis was also conducted to explore the stability of identified traffic features regarding the impact on the diverging risk across the sites.
Arabidopsis Dynamin-Related Protein AtDRP2A Contributes to Late Flg22-Signaling and Effective Immunity Against Pseudomonas syringae Bacteria
Authors: Ekanayake Gayani , Leslie Michelle E. , Smith John M. , Heese Antje 
Published: January 2023

In eukaryotes, dynamins and dynamin-related proteins (DRPs) are high–molecular weight GTPases responsible for mechanochemical fission of organelles or membranes. Of the six DRP subfamilies in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtDRP1 and AtDRP2 family members serve as endocytic accessory proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Most studies have focused on AtDRP1A and AtDRP2B as critical modulators of plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) against pathogenic, flagellated Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 bacteria and immune signaling in response to the bacterial flagellin peptide flg22. Much less is known about AtDRP2A, the closely related paralog of AtDRP2B. AtDRP2A and AtDRP2B are the only classical, or bona fide, dynamins in Arabidopsis, based on their evolutionary conserved domain structure with mammalian dynamins functioning in endocytosis. AtDRP2B but not AtDRP2A is required for robust ligand-induced endocytosis of the receptor kinase FLAGELLIN SENSING2 for dampening of early flg22 signaling. Here, we utilized Arabidopsis drp2a null mutants to identify AtDRP2A as a positive contributor to effective PTI against P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 bacteria, consistent with reduced PATHOGEN RELATED1 ( PR1) messenger RNA accumulation. We provide evidence that AtDRP2A is a novel modulator of late flg22 signaling, contributing positively to PR1 gene induction but negatively to polyglucan callose deposition. AtDRP2A has no apparent roles in flg22-elicited mitogen-activated protein kinase defense marker gene induction. In summary, this study adds the evolutionary conserved dynamin AtDRP2A to a small group of vesicular trafficking proteins with roles as non-canonical contributors in immune responses, likely due to modulating one or both the localization and activity of multiple different proteins with distinct contributions to immune signaling. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Changing Dynamics in the Spread and Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Disease in Uganda Over Two Decades
Authors: Kubiriba Jerome , Erima Rockefeller , Tugume Arthur K. , Tinzaara William , Tushemereirwe Wilberforce K. 
Published: January 2023

Banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) is a destructive disease caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv . musacearum ( Xvm), a bacterium that indiscriminately infects all banana varieties grown in East and Central Africa (ECA). In this region, BXW was first reported in 2001 in Uganda and was projected to eliminate >90% of Uganda's banana crops (worth USD4 billion) if not controlled in less than 10 years. Lack of basic information led to application of control approaches that were based on similarity of BXW symptoms to those of Moko disease of banana. However, the approaches were unsuccessful and, in 7 to 9 years, BXW had covered six countries and threatened to wipe out the banana industry in ECA. However, BXW has been tamed to date, mainly due to relentless and systematic deployment of carefully crafted and packaged cultural control practices based on epidemiological information generated within target banana cropping ecosystems. In Uganda, the initial “top-down” communication approaches reached >85% of banana farming communities but did not mobilize the communities enough into action; hence, only 30% impact in controlling BXW was registered. In contrast, participatory approaches mobilized farming communities into action and effectively controlled BXW at field and community levels to near eradication. The approaches effectively controlled BXW in Uganda and, consequently, in eastern Kenya, northern Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This article reviews step-wise processes leading to success over the 2 decades and identifies critical research gaps. Deployment of resistant genotypes is urgently needed as a significant addition to the BXW management toolbox to create BXW-free banana cropping systems in ECA. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Intersectionality of Socioecological Factors Associated With Cognitive Function Among Older Women With HIV in the United States: A Structural Equation Model Analysis Using Data From the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Authors: Njie-Carr Veronica P. S. , Zhu Shijun , Stafford Kristen A. , Tong Weiqun , Plankey Michael , Sharma Anjali , Milam Joel , Cohen Mardge , Diaz Monica M. , Rubtsova Anna A. , Fischl Margaret A. , Konkle-Parker Deborah , Gustafson Deborah , Rubin Leah H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Increased life expectancy of people with HIV has health implications including the intersection of the long-term use of antiretroviral treatment, inflammatory events, and age-related immunosenescence. In a cross-sectional study utilizing using the Socio-Eecological Model, we identified pathways of cognitive function (CF) among 448 women with HIV, 50 years and older. A structural equation model showed the direct effects of mood (β = −0.25, p < .01), comorbidities (β = −-0.13, p < .05), race (β = −-0.13, p < .05), and abuse (β = 0.27, p < .001) on the latent variable CF. Substance and alcohol use, depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, and the number of comorbidities are important considerations when designing interventions utilizing using a multi-level and intersectional lens to maximize positive CF outcomes.
Reduced Presentation of Biliary Atresia During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Population Based Observational Study
Authors: Arshad Adam , Sutcliffe Alastair , Jain Vandana , Alizai Naved , Rajwal Sanjay , Kelly Deidre A. , Dhawan Anil , Sharif Khalid , Gardiner Julian , Davenport Mark , Baker Alastair 
Published: January 2023

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess whether there has been a change in presentations of biliary atresia (BA) in England and Wales during the first and second coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns (January–June 2020 and 2021).Design:This population study assessed all confirmed cases of BA, from January 2020 to December 2021 across the 3 UK pediatric liver centers originating from England and Wales. Data was then compared to the incidence of confirmed BA cases from January to December 2017, 2018, and 2019.Results:During January–June 2020 and 2021, there were only 8 and 12 presenting cases of BA in England and Wales, compared to 16, 13, and 18 for the same time periods in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. This difference was significant in a two-sidedttest for 2020 (P= 0.035) but not for 2021 (P= 0.385). There was no difference in the mean days to Kasai procedure in January–June 2020 and 2021 compared to 2017–2019; however average time to Kasai after the lockdown periods was significantly higher.Conclusions:There was a significant reduction in the presenting cases of BA during the first COVID-19 lockdown, with an increased time for BA referrals after the pandemic lockdowns were lifted in England and Wales.
Myoglobinemia, Peripheral Arterial Disease, and Patient Mortality
Authors: Scrivner Ottis , Fletcher Emma , Hoffmann Carson , Li Feifei , Wilkinson Trevor , Miserlis Dimitrios , Smith Robert S , Bohannon William T , Jordan William D , Sutliff Roy , Koutakis Panagiotis , Brewster Luke P 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) causes leg muscle damage due to inadequate perfusion and increases cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality 2-3 fold. It is unclear if PAD is a biomarker for high-risk cardiovascular disease or if skeletal muscle injury harms arterial health. The objective of this work is to test if serum myoglobin levels (myoglobinemia) is a marker of PAD, and if so, whether myoglobin impairs vascular health.

Study Design:
Patient blood samples were collected from PAD and control (no PAD) patients and interrogated for myoglobin concentrations and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Patient mortality over time was captured from the medical record. Myoglobin activity was tested on endothelial cells and arterial function.

Results:
Myoglobin is a biomarker for symptomatic PAD and was inversely related to NO bioavailability. 200 ng/mL of myoglobin in vitro increased EC permeability in vitro and decreased nitrate bioavailability. Ex vivo, 100 ng/mL myoglobin increased vascular tone in naïve murine aortas ~1.5x, impairing absolute vessel relaxation. In vivo, we demonstrated that myoglobinemia caused impaired flow-mediated dilation in a porcine model. Patients presenting with myoglobin levels of 100 ng/mL or greater had significantly more deaths than those with less than 100 ng/mL.

Conclusions:
Using a combination of patient data, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo testing, we found that myoglobin is a biomarker for symptomatic PAD and a potent regulator of arterial health that can increase vascular tone, vascular permeability, and cause endothelial dysfunction. All of which may contribute to the vulnerability of PAD patients to CV events and death.