bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual isotopic diet (δ13C) ofEremotherium laurillardi(Lund, 1842) and climate variation (δ18O) through the late Pleistocene in the Brazilian Intertropical Region
Authors: Dantas Mário André Trindade , Gomes Verônica Santos , Cherkinsky Alexander , de Araújo-Junior Hermínio Ismael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe inferred the annual isotopic diet (δ13C) of an individual of the giant ground slothEremotherium laurillardifound in Toca dos Ossos (Ourolândia, Bahia, Brazil) through the extension of its third inferior molar. This individual lived in the region at 40,779–39,617cal yr BP. One year of its life was recorded in a length of 67 mm in the tooth. Two years were recorded in this molariform, during which the diet and climate did not change much, and substantial precipitation occurred during the middle of the year, which is in opposition to the modern pattern. The mean carbon (μδ13C = −13.9 ± 1.8‰) and oxygen (μδ18O = 22.5 ± 2.9‰) isotopic values were similar to values for other individuals of the species found in the same cave but different from the values found in other localities of the Brazilian Intertropical Region, which allows us to suggest that this region had more precipitation and lower temperatures in comparison to today. The oxygen isotopic values found in dated fossils ofE. laurillardiand from two other taxa found in the same cave (Toxodon platensis, andNotiomastodon platensis) could help in the understanding of the climatic variation that occurred in the region.
Lights Out: Pride, Delusion, and the Fall of General Electric. By Thomas Gryta and Ted Mann. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2020. 384 pp. Paperback, $28.00. ISBN: 978-0-358-25041-8. The Man Who Broke Capitalism: How Jack Welch Gutted the Heartland and Crushed the Soul of Corporate America—and How to Undo His Legacy. By David Gelles. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2022. 272 pp. Hardcover, $28.00. ISBN: 978-1-982-17644-0.
Authors: Tedlow Richard S. 
Published: May 2023

General Electric and Jack Welch are dead. Now they belong to the ages, which means they are the property of historians. What are we to make of them?Journalism has been called the first draft of history, and under review here are two books by journalists: Lights Out: Pride, Delusion, and the Fall of General Electric by Thomas Gryta and Ted Mann and The Man Who Broke Capitalism: How Jack Welch Gutted the Heartland and Crushed the Soul of Corporate America—and How to Undo His Legacy by David Gelles.
An infant with a vertical vein aneurysm in a supracardiac totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Ochiai Yuto , Nakano Yusuke , Goda Masami 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMassive vertical vein aneurysm in a supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is rare. Herein, vertical vein aneurysm with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection and additional pathological findings are reported in a young child.
Associations between peripheral inflammation and clinical phenotypes of bipolar depression in a lower-middle income country
Authors: Jones Brett D.M. , Mahmood Urbee , Hodsoll John , Chaudhry Imran B. , Khoso Ameer B. , Husain Mohammed O. , Ortiz Abigail , Husain Nusrat , Mulsant Benoit H. , Young Allan H. , Husain Muhammad I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThere has been increased interest in repurposing anti-inflammatories for the treatment of bipolar depression. Evidence from high-income countries suggests that these agents may work best for specific depressive symptoms in a subset of patients with biochemical evidence of inflammation but data from lower-middle income countries (LMICs) is scarce. This secondary analysis explored the relationship between pretreatment inflammatory markers and specific depressive symptoms, clinical measures, and demographic variables in participants with bipolar depression in Pakistan.MethodsThe current study is a cross-sectional secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of two anti-inflammatory medications (minocycline and celecoxib) for bipolar depression (n = 266). A series of logistic and linear regression models were completed to assess the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) (CRP > or < 3 mg/L and log10CRP) and clinical and demographic features of interest and symptoms of depression. Baseline clinical trial data was used to extract clinical and demographic features and symptoms of depression were assessed using the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.ResultsThe prevalence of low-grade inflammation (CRP > 3 mg/L) in the sample was 70.9%. After adjusting for baseline body mass index, socioeconomic status, age, gender, symptoms related to anhedonia, fatigue, and motor retardation were most associated with low-grade inflammation.ConclusionsBipolar disorder (BD) patients from LMICs may experience higher rates of peripheral inflammation than have been reported in Western populations with BD. Future trials of repurposed anti-inflammatory agents that enrich for participants with these symptom profiles may inform the development of personalized treatment for bipolar depression in LMICs.
What should be encoded by position embedding for neural network language models?
Authors: Yu Shuiyuan , Zhang Zihao , Liu Haitao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWord order is one of the most important grammatical devices and the basis for language understanding. However, as one of the most popular NLP architectures, Transformer does not explicitly encode word order. A solution to this problem is to incorporate position information by means of position encoding/embedding (PE). Although a variety of methods of incorporating position information have been proposed, the NLP community is still in want of detailed statistical researches on position information in real-life language. In order to understand the influence of position information on the correlation between words in more detail, we investigated the factors that affect the frequency of words and word sequences in large corpora. Our results show that absolute position, relative position, being at one of the two ends of a sentence and sentence length all significantly affect the frequency of words and word sequences. Besides, we observed that the frequency distribution of word sequences over relative position carries valuable grammatical information. Our study suggests that in order to accurately capture word–word correlations, it is not enough to focus merely on absolute and relative position. Transformers should have access to more types of position-related information which may require improvements to the current architecture.
Statistical Analysis of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Rising‐Tone Emissions Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Yilong , Liu Kaijun , Song Weibin , Xiong Ying , Yao Fei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeveral studies have shown the importance of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) rising‐tone emissions to the rapid precipitation of energetic radiation belt electrons. Based on a large number of Van Allen Probes observations from October 2012 to July 2019, we identify EMIC rising‐tone emissions using a convolutional neural network (CNN), a modern deep learning technique. Results of training indicate that the CNN is capable of identifying EMIC rising‐tone emissions with a recall of 99.3%. The statistical analysis of the wave events identified reveals that the average occurrence rate of the events is about 0.016%, with a high occurrence rate from the forenoon to the dusk sector at L > 5. There are also events observed at L < 5, which are scattered at almost all magnetic local times. The events in the hydrogen and helium bands have comparable wave amplitudes on average, but the larger amplitude events tend to occur around noon and in the afternoon sector in the hydrogen and helium bands, respectively. In addition, the frequency sweep rate tends to increase with the wave frequency. The frequency sweep rates of the hydrogen band EMIC rising‐tone emissions are about 6 times larger than those of the helium band events. There is also a positive correlation between the wave amplitudes and the sweep rates of the hydrogen band emissions.
Cross‐Shelf Penetrating Fronts of Buoyant Coastal Currents Around the Headland
Authors: Zhou Silu , Wu Hui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBuoyant coastal current induced by riverine outflow often propagates along the coast in the direction of coastal trapped wave. However, it is uncertain how the buoyant coastal current interacts with irregular coastal bathymetry. Measured surface salinity distributions indicate that the buoyant coastal current, which is induced by the Changjiang River plume, frequently penetrates offshore around the curved headlands in the Zhoushan Islands. This signal can also be seen in satellite chlorophyll data, reflecting its importance in cross‐shelf exchange both physically and ecologically. To understand the variation and underlying dynamic mechanisms of these penetrating fronts, realistic and idealized numerical experiments were conducted. The results indicated that the penetrated water salinity was about 30–32 psu, with a horizontal penetration scale of tens of kilometers. Curvature and self‐organizing map analyses suggested that it was a frequent event with an approximately 2‐week spring‐neap cycle from generation to decay. It more likely occurred in transition seasons such as spring and autumn, owing to the runoff accumulation and gentle wind conditions. Smoothing the topography would substantially eliminate the penetrating fronts. Idealized model experiments suggested that headland‐induced river plume penetration was a type of curved topography‐induced current separation. The criterion for this to occur is u/fRc > 1, in which u is the current velocity, f is the Coriolis parameter, and Rc is the curvature radius. In this case, the headland is too sharp that the Coriolis force could not balance the centrifugal force. Once penetrated, the buoyant water was further transported by the ambient Taiwan Warm Current.
A Performance Baseline for the Representation of Clouds and Humidity in Cloud‐Resolving ICON‐LEM Simulations in the Arctic
Authors: Kiszler Theresa , Ebell Kerstin , Schemann Vera 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the context of Arctic amplification many of the feedback mechanisms, decreasing or enhancing the warming, involve clouds and water vapor. Currently, there is a gap in understanding the role of clouds which leads to uncertainties in climate simulations. Modeling frameworks such as the ICOsahedral Non‐hydrostatic model (ICON) are used to understand the Arctic atmospheric processes as well as predict future changes. In this study, we challenge ICON in the large‐eddy setup (ICON‐LEM) by performing cloud‐resolving simulations over parts of Svalbard, including Ny‐Ålesund. We ran daily simulations over 5 months and analyzed the column above Ny‐Ålesund. The local supersite's observations enabled us to create a baseline for the model performance focusing on the representation of liquid water and water vapor. We narrow in on possibilities to improve the cloud microphysical representation based on statistical evaluations, not just single cases. We found an astonishing agreement between most of the analyzed variables. For instance, the model integrated water vapor showed only a low bias of 0.21 kg m−2. The number of cloudy days is slightly higher in the model (+4%). Further, we found that the model produces an unrealistically high number of pure ice clouds. Small to medium precipitation events are similar in amount and time but the number of strong precipitation events is underestimated. Further results are discussed and show that ICON‐LEM is a useful tool to study the Arctic. With this thorough analysis, we highlight the value of local cloud‐resolving simulations to understand changes in the Arctic atmosphere.
Monitoring of Thick Vadose Zone Water Dynamics Under Irrigation Using a 48 m Deep Caisson at the Luancheng Critical Zone Observatory
Authors: Wu Lin , Min Leilei , Liu Meiying , Zhang Yucui , Pei Hongwei , Li Hongjun , Zhang Guanglu , Wang Shiqin , Shen Yanjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding soil water dynamics in the deep vadose zone (DVZ, below the root zone) of irrigated farmland is critical for estimating groundwater recharge and assessing the impacts of agricultural activities on groundwater quality. However, the state and movement of soil water in the DVZ remain poorly understood owing to the lack of in‐situ observations. Here, based on a 48‐m deep caisson (Critical Zone Observatory, CZO) established in a typical irrigated farmland in the piedmont region of the North China Plain, we extended the monitoring of soil water content and matric potential across the entire vadose zone profile. We found that a high soil water content and matric potential (close to or slightly higher than the field capacity) was maintained in the DVZ of typical irrigated cropland. The response of soil water in the DVZ to the water inputs at the ground surface was predominantly sequentially delayed with an increase in depth in the DVZ. As a result, the wetting front propagated into the soil layer to a depth of 38 m within 228 days. Moreover, high soil moisture contents and matric potentials in the DVZ resulted in a dramatic but explicable difference between the estimated average pore water velocity (0.73 m year−1) and the wetting front propagation rate (0.16 m day−1). This study demonstrates the unreported rapid response of soil water in the DVZ to water input at the ground surface under intensively irrigated cropland and could promote a better understanding of groundwater recharge processes with a thick unsaturated zone.
Wave Activities Throughout a Low‐Mach Number Quasi‐Parallel Shock: 2‐D Hybrid Simulations
Authors: Hao Yufei , Lu Quanming , Wu Dejin , Xiang Liang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, two‐dimensional hybrid simulations are used to study wave excitation and evolution throughout a low‐Mach number quasi‐parallel shock. Simulation results show that quasi‐parallel fast magnetosonic waves, ion Bernstein waves with harmonics and possible Alfven/ion cyclotron waves can be excited in the upstream region, and their small phase velocities compared to injected flow velocity results in the convection to the shock front where they are mode converted into several groups of downstream waves, including Alfven waves along the directions parallel to downstream average magnetic fields and perpendicular to the shock normal, the quasi‐perpendicular kinetic slow waves and possible kinetic Alfven waves. We suggest that downstream Alfven waves originate from the mode conversion of upstream quasi‐parallel fast magnetosonic waves with left‐hand polarization in the downstream rest frame under helicity conservation, while the downstream left‐hand polarized kinetic slow waves and right‐hand polarized kinetic Alfven waves can be from the upstream quasi‐perpendicular ion Bernstein waves.
Life course BMI trajectories from childhood to mid-adulthood are differentially associated with anxiety and depression outcomes in middle age
Authors: Gallagher Claire , Pirkis Jane , Lambert Katrina A. , Perret Jennifer L. , Ali Gulshan B. , Lodge Caroline J. , Bowatte Gayan , Hamilton Garun S. , Matheson Melanie C. , Bui Dinh S. , Abramson Michael J. , Walters E. Haydn , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Erbas Bircan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background/Objective
Obesity is a risk factor for multimorbidity, including depression and possibly anxiety. However, it is currently unclear how patterns of change in BMI over the life course differentially influence the magnitude in risk of depression and anxiety in mid-adulthood. We aimed to examine associations between BMI trajectories from childhood to adulthood and the risk of depression and anxiety in middle age.

Methods
In the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (n = 2416), five distinct BMI trajectories were previously defined from age 5 to 45 years using group-based modelling. At age 53, current depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, respectively. Logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders estimated associations between BMI trajectories and these outcomes.

Results
Those belonging to the child average-increasing (OR = 2.24; 95%CI: 1.24, 4.06) and persistently high (OR = 2.64; 1.26, 5.52) trajectories were more likely to have depression in middle age, compared to the persistently average trajectory. However, the odds of experiencing greater severity of depressive symptoms was highest in the child average-increasing group (OR = 2.36; 1.59, 3.49). Despite finding no evidence of association between BMI trajectories and current anxiety, we observed less severe symptoms in the child high-decreasing trajectory (OR = 0.68; 0.51, 0.91).

Conclusion
We found an increased risk of depression in middle age among individuals with a persistently high BMI from childhood to mid-adulthood and individuals with an average BMI in childhood which then increased consistently throughout adulthood. Encouragingly, resolving childhood adiposity by adulthood was associated with lesser anxiety symptoms. Taken together, these findings highlight the need to target mental health screening and treatment towards high-risk BMI trajectory groups and the importance of early interventions to prevent and resolve excess weight.
Mast cell deficiency prevents BCR::ABL1 induced splenomegaly and cytokine elevation in a CML mouse model
Authors: Langhammer Melanie , Schöpf Julia , Jaquet Timo , Horn Katharina , Angel Moritz , Spohr Corinna , Christen Daniel , Uhl Franziska Maria , Maié Tiago , Jacobi Henrike , Feyerabend Thorsten B. , Huber Julia , Panning Marcus , Sitaru Cassian , Costa Ivan , Zeiser Robert , Aumann Konrad , Becker Heiko , Braunschweig Till , Koschmieder Steffen , Shoumariyeh Khalid , Huber Michael , Schemionek-Reinders Mirle , Brummer Tilman , Halbach Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe persistence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) represents a problem in the therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Hence, it is of utmost importance to explore the underlying mechanisms to develop new therapeutic approaches to cure CML. Using the genetically engineered ScltTA/TRE-BCR::ABL1 mouse model for chronic phase CML, we previously demonstrated that the loss of the docking protein GAB2 counteracts the infiltration of mast cells (MCs) in the bone marrow (BM) of BCR::ABL1 positive mice. Here, we show for the first time that BCR::ABL1 drives the cytokine independent expansion of BM derived MCs and sensitizes them for FcεRI triggered degranulation. Importantly, we demonstrate that genetic mast cell deficiency conferred by the Cpa3Cre allele prevents BCR::ABL1 induced splenomegaly and impairs the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we show in CML patients that splenomegaly is associated with high BM MC counts and that upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patient serum samples correlates with tryptase levels. Finally, MC-associated transcripts were elevated in human CML BM samples. Thus, our study identifies MCs as essential contributors to disease progression and suggests considering them as an additional target in CML therapy.
Signaling pathways in cancer metabolism: mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: You Mengshu , Xie Zhuolin , Zhang Nan , Zhang Yixuan , Xiao Desheng , Liu Shuang , Zhuang Wei , Li Lili , Tao Yongguang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA wide spectrum of metabolites (mainly, the three major nutrients and their derivatives) can be sensed by specific sensors, then trigger a series of signal transduction pathways and affect the expression levels of genes in epigenetics, which is called metabolite sensing. Life body regulates metabolism, immunity, and inflammation by metabolite sensing, coordinating the pathophysiology of the host to achieve balance with the external environment. Metabolic reprogramming in cancers cause different phenotypic characteristics of cancer cell from normal cell, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, etc. Metabolic disorders in cancer cells further create a microenvironment including many kinds of oncometabolites that are conducive to the growth of cancer, thus forming a vicious circle. At the same time, exogenous metabolites can also affect the biological behavior of tumors. Here, we discuss the metabolite sensing mechanisms of the three major nutrients and their derivatives, as well as their abnormalities in the development of various cancers, and discuss the potential therapeutic targets based on metabolite-sensing signaling pathways to prevent the progression of cancer.
Effect of psilocybin on marble burying in ICR mice: role of 5-HT1A receptors and implications for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Botvinnik Alexander , Shahar Orr , Wolf Gilly , Yakobi Corel , Saban Michal , Salama Adham , Lotan Amit , Lerer Bernard , Lifschytz Tzuri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPreliminary clinical findings, supported by preclinical studies employing behavioral paradigms such as marble burying, suggest that psilocybin may be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, the receptor mechanisms implicated in the putative anti-obsessional effect are not clear. On this background, we set out to explore (1) the role of serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) and serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors in the effect of psilocybin on marble burying; (2) the effect of staggered versus bolus psilocybin administration and persistence of the effect; (3) the effect of the 5-HT1A partial agonist, buspirone, on marble-burying and the head twitch response (HTR) induced by psilocybin, a rodent correlate of psychedelic effects. Male ICR mice were administered psilocybin 4.4 mg/kg, escitalopram 5 mg/kg, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) 2 mg/kg, M100907 2 mg/kg, buspirone 5 mg/kg, WAY100635 2 mg/kg or combinations, intraperitoneally, and were tested on the marble burying test. HTR was examined in a magnetometer-based assay. The results show that (1) Psilocybin and escitalopram significantly reduced marble burying. The effect of psilocybin was not attenuated by the 5-HT2A antagonist, M100907. The 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, reduced marble burying as did the 5-HT1A partial agonist, buspirone. The effect of 8-OH-DPAT was additive to that of psilocybin, but that of buspirone was not. The 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY100635, attenuated the effect of 8-OH-DPAT and buspirone but not the effect of psilocybin. (2) Psilocybin injections over 3.5 h had no effect on marble burying and the effect of bolus injection was not persistent. (3) Co-administration of buspirone with psilocybin blocked its effect on HTR. These data suggest that neither 5-HT2A nor 5-HT1A receptors are pivotally implicated in the effect of psilocybin on marble burying. Co-administration with buspirone may block the psychedelic effects of psilocybin without impeding its anti-obsessional effects.