bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil‐plant hydraulics explain stomatal efficiency‐safety tradeoff
Authors: Cai Gaochao , Carminati Andrea , Gleason Sean M. , Javaux Mathieu , Ahmed Mutez Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe efficiency‐safety tradeoff has been thoroughly investigated in plants, especially concerning their capacity to transport water and avoid embolism. Stomatal regulation is a vital plant behaviour to respond to soil and atmospheric water limitation. Recently, a stomatal efficiency‐safety tradeoff was reported where plants with higher maximum stomatal conductance (gmax) exhibited greater sensitivity to stomatal closure during soil drying, that is, less negative leaf water potential at 50% gmax (ψgs50). However, the underlying mechanism of this gmax‐ψgs50 tradeoff remains unknown. Here, we utilized a soil‐plant hydraulic model, in which stomatal closure is triggered by nonlinearity in soil‐plant hydraulics, to investigate such tradeoff. Our simulations show that increasing gmax is aligned with less negative ψgs50. Plants with higher gmax (also higher transpiration) require larger quantities of water to be moved across the rhizosphere, which results in a precipitous decrease in water potential at the soil‐root interface, and therefore in the leaves. We demonstrated that the gmax‐ψgs50 tradeoff can be predicted based on soil‐plant hydraulics, and is impacted by plant hydraulic properties, such as plant hydraulic conductance, active root length and embolism resistance. We conclude that plants may therefore adjust their growth and/or their hydraulic properties to adapt to contrasting habitats and climate conditions.
The effect of acute and chronic exercise on hepatic lipid composition
Authors: Willis Scott A. , Malaikah Sundus , Parry Siôn , Bawden Stephen , Ennequin Gaël , Sargeant Jack A. , Yates Thomas , Webb David R. , Davies Melanie J. , Stensel David J. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , King James A. 
Published: January 2023

Exercise is recommended for those with, or at risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), owing to beneficial effects on hepatic steatosis and cardiometabolic risk. Whilst exercise training reduces total intrahepatic lipid in people with NAFLD, accumulating evidence indicates that exercise may also modulate hepatic lipid composition. This metabolic influence is important as the profile of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) dramatically affect the metabolic consequences of hepatic lipid accumulation; with SFA being especially lipotoxic. Relatedly, obesity and NAFLD are associated with hepatic PUFA depletion and elevated SFA. This review summarizes the acute (single bout) and chronic (exercise training) effects of exercise on hepatic lipid composition in rodents (acute studies: n = 3, chronic studies: n = 13) and humans (acute studies: n = 1, chronic studies: n = 3). An increased proportion of hepatic PUFA after acute and chronic exercise is the most consistent finding of this review. Mechanistically, this may relate to an enhanced uptake of adipose‐derived PUFA (reflecting habitual diet), particularly in rodents. A relative decrease in the proportion of hepatic MUFA after chronic exercise is also documented repeatedly, particularly in rodent models with elevated hepatic MUFA. This outcome is related to decreased hepatic stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 activity in some studies. Findings regarding hepatic SFA are less consistent and limited by the absence of metabolic challenge in rodent models. These findings require confirmation in well‐controlled interventions in people with NAFLD. These studies will be facilitated by recently validated magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques, able to precisely quantify hepatic lipid composition in vivo.
Case of mastocytemia and systemic mastocytosis in a dog:ProCyteDx and SysmexXT‐2000i scattergram findings, morphologic features, and c‐kit somatic mutation analysis
Authors: Palić Jelena , Heier Annabelle , Acke Els , Hergt Franziska , Turba Maria Elena 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA 10‐year‐old female Golden Retriever was presented for a recheck after the complete removal of low‐grade complex mammary carcinoma. The in‐house ProCyte Dx automated counts revealed moderate regenerative anemia and moderate eosinophilia. The ProCyte Dx WBC scattergram showed a cloud in an unusual place parallel and to the right of the monocyte dot plot location. Cells were classified as either monocytes or neutrophils with no clear separation. Complete blood count analysis performed in the laboratory on a Sysmex XT‐2000iV analyzer showed moderate regenerative anemia and WBC count within RI; a differential count was not provided by the instrument. On the Sysmex XT‐2000iV DIFF scattergram, neutrophil and eosinophil dot plots were present at the respective locations and appeared separated, but the instrument did not provide numerical results. In addition to the normal lymphocyte dot plot location, the second cloud of cells classified as lymphocytes was displayed to the right of the monocyte dot plot area. On the WBC/BASO scattergram, the second population of cells was present above and to the right of the leukocyte cluster. Morphologic assessment of the blood smear detected mastocytemia with 16% poorly granulated and degranulated mast cells. FNAs from the liver and spleen contained large aggregates of poorly granulated mast cells. C‐kit somatic mutation screening detected the presence of point mutation S479I in exon 9 of the canine c‐KIT gene. This is the first description of abnormal scattergrams from ProCyte Dx and Sysmex XT‐2000iV analyzers in a dog with concurrent mastocytemia and systemic mastocytosis, and where cytologic assessments of a blood smear, liver, and spleen, and c‐kit somatic mutation analysis were performed.
Ultrasound‐assisted photo‐Fenton process for treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater and reduction of phytotoxicity
Authors: Olabi Asaad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe efficiency of classical Fenton (CF) and modified Fenton (MF) as well as photo‐Fenton processes in real wastewater treatment of pulp and paper (P&P) mill was investigated in this study. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) was chosen as the reference measurement for evaluating the treatment's efficiency. After determining the optimum parameters for each process, the effect of adding ultrasound (US) on improving treatment efficiency was examined. In addition, kinetic study and phytotoxicity analysis were conducted under optimum conditions for all processes. With pH 4, reaction time 50 min, 1.2 g/L Fe2+ and 8 g/L H2O2 dosages, the best removal efficiency (RE) of COD was determined to be 82.18% in CF process, and this rate rose to 90.1% when US was added. The best RE in MF process was 84.16% with the application of UV‐C, pH 4, reaction time 50 min, 1 g/L Fe0 and 8 g/L H2O2 doses, although it increased to 93.4% when US was applied. The greatest results in the seed germination test were achieved in US processes with 100% of germination percentage (GP) for spinach and tomato and 90% for cress. In the economic evaluation, when conducting the treatment without US, the estimated relative cost decreased in a 15 and 16%, for CF/UV‐C and CF processes respectively, whereas the CF process was 64% cheaper than the MF process in all applications. The US contributed to enhanced water treatment efficiency by having a significant synergistic impact on Fenton applications. Hence, the combination of photo‐Fenton and ultrasound to treat effluent from P&P mills proved to be an effective and promising technique.
Random subcomplexes of finite buildings, and fibering of commutator subgroups of right‐angled Coxeter groups
Authors: Schesler Eduard , Zaremsky Matthew C. B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe main theme of this paper is higher virtual algebraic fibering properties of right‐angled Coxeter groups (RACGs), with a special focus on those whose defining flag complex is a finite building. We prove for particular classes of finite buildings that their random induced subcomplexes have a number of strong properties, most prominently that they are highly connected. From this we are able to deduce that the commutator subgroup of a RACG, with defining flag complex a finite building of a certain type, admits an epimorphism to whose kernel has strong topological finiteness properties. We additionally use our techniques to present examples where the kernel is of type but not , and examples where the RACG is hyperbolic and the kernel is finitely generated and non‐hyperbolic. The key tool we use is a generalization of an approach due to Jankiewicz–Norin–Wise involving Bestvina–Brady discrete Morse theory applied to the Davis complex of a RACG, together with some probabilistic arguments.
Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Dental Arches in Individuals with Syndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Pinto Rayane de Oliveira , Tonello Cristiano , Peixoto Adriano Porto , de Jesus Adriana Souza , Santos-Pinto Ary dos , Raveli Dirceu Barnabé 
Published: January 2023

Objective. Individuals with syndromic craniosynostosis present alterations in the dental arches due to anomalies caused by the early fusion of the craniomaxillary sutures. This study aimed to compare intradental and interdental dimensions between individuals with Apert and Crouzon syndromes and nonsyndromic controls. Materials and Methods. Digital models were obtained from the archive of a public tertiary care hospital. The sample consisted of 34 patients (Apert n = 18, Crouzon n = 16) and 34 nonsyndromic controls matched for gender and age. Measurements of perimeter, length, intercanine and intermolar distances (upper and lower), overjet, and molar ratio were performed. Statistical comparisons were performed using ANOVA and Tukey tests

p
<
0.05

. Results. Patients with Apert and Crouzon syndromes have severely reduced maxillary transverse dimensions, perimeter, and length of the upper arch compared to the control group

p
<
0.001

. The lower arch is less impacted. Patients with Apert syndrome had an anterior crossbite

p
<
0.001

, while patients with Crouzon syndrome had an edge-to-edge bite

p
<

0.011

. Patients with Apert and Crouzon syndromes do not have serious transverse proportion problems when comparing the upper and lower arches. Conclusions. In this sample, both the Apert and Crouzon groups have severely compromised upper arches compared to the control group. Mild dentoalveolar expansion in the maxilla should be sufficient for the transverse adaptation of the dental arches before frontofacial advancement.
Impact Dynamic Analysis and Rubber Impact-Resistant Design of a Launcher
Authors: Zhao Cunsheng , Tong Bo 
Published: January 2023

To study the influence of the opening process of a naval ship’s weapon launcher on the local strength of the impact-resistant structure, the load and inherent characteristics of the system were analyzed, a finite element dynamic model and theoretical Kelvin–Voigt single degree of the freedom system model were established, the dynamic response properties of the impact-resistant structure under an impact load were studied, and the impact spectrum of the system at different impact load durations was obtained. The results indicated that the first-order vibration period of the impact-resistant structure was much shorter than the impact load duration, and the dynamic amplification coefficient of the system was close to 1. Consequently, a theoretical model of a single degree of the freedom system was established, while the analytically derived displacement spectrum was consistent with the finite element calculation results. Therefore, the dynamic strength check of this impact-resistant structure could be treated as a static problem. According to the static calculation, the maximum stress of the structure occurred at the root of the base, which was 188.3 MPa, exceeds 0.3 times of the material yield stress specified in the military standard. To meet the military standard, a simplified collision model was established with the thickness of the rubber pad as the reference variable, the combined force on the bottom surface of the rubber pad was extracted, and the resulting equivalent displacement was calculated according to Hooke’s law. The range of the rubber pad thickness was determined as 11.6 mm

<

d

<

12.5 mm to meet the military standard and not affect the normal firing of the weapon.
Dietary Sodium Butyrate Changed Intestinal Histology and Microbiota of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but Did Not Promote Growth and Nutrient Utilization
Authors: Lin Xia , Zhang Chunyan , Cao Kailin , Li Zhendong , Zhao Zhongshen , Li Xiaoqin , Leng Xiangjun 
Published: January 2023

The study investigated the effects of dietary sodium butyrate (SB) on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal histology, and microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A high fishmeal diet and a low fishmeal diet were formulated to contain 200 g/kg or 100 g/kg fishmeal, respectively. Coated SB (50%) was supplemented to each of the diets at levels of 0, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg to create 6 diets. The diets were fed to rainbow trout with initial body weight of

29.9
±
0.2

g for 8 weeks. Compared to the high fishmeal group, the low fishmeal group showed significantly lower weight gain (WG), intestine muscle thickness, and significantly higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) and amylase activity (

P
<
0.05

). The supplementation of SB in high or low fishmeal diet did not significantly affect the WG, FCR, protein retention, and the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein (

P
>
0.05

). The supplementation of 2.0 g/kg SB in low fishmeal diet significantly increased the villus height, villus width, and muscular thickness, while the supplementation of 2.0 g/kg SB in high fishmeal diet also significantly increased the intestinal villus height (

P
<
0.05

). In intestinal microbiota, the supplementation of 2.0 g/kg SB significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and Aeromonas, and decreased the abundance of Firmicutes and Mycoplasma (

P
<
0.05

), but the flora at genus and phylum level were not affected by SB supplementation in low fishmeal diet (

P
>
0.05

). In conclusion, the addition of SB in diets containing 100 or 200 g/kg fishmeal did not enhance the growth performance and nutrient utilization of rainbow trout, but improved intestinal morphology and changed intestinal microbial flora.
The Resultative ὅτι in the New Testament with Special Attention to Luke-Acts
Authors: Bruehler Bart B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The possibility of the occurrence of resultative ὅτι clauses in the NT has been noted by grammarians and commentators but with a lack of consistency and clarity. Commentators often overlook this exegetical possibility, and a survey of NT Greek grammars displays a wide variety of opinions on the category. Luke 7:47 is a key instance that exemplifies the diffuse debate. A review of possible instances of the resultative ὅτι across the LXX, the NT, and the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs shows that this was a viable way to indicate result clauses in questions and statements within Semitic-influenced Greek during the Hellenistic era. Luke uses resultative ὅτι clauses to indicate a fait accompli in five instances, including Luke 7:47.
O Brother, Who Art Thou?
Authors: Lambert Matthew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The two unnamed brothers at the close of 2 Cor 8 have occasioned the speculation of scholars both ancient and modern, all of whom have sought to answer the question: why did Paul not name them? After reviewing and problematizing the standard explanations for this anonymizing, the author here argues that Paul excludes their names in an effort to present them as guarantors of the collection. His failure to name them suggests that they stand at some distance from Paul, that they are not part of his circle, and so can provide “non-Pauline” oversight for the Jerusalem collection. The article concludes by suggesting that the success of Paul’s anonymization explains why Paul did not mention the collection in 2 Cor 10–13, his last known correspondence with the Corinthians.
Der Kampf gegen die Irrlehre als „Krieg“
Authors: Hauck Marion Christina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In 1 Tim 1, particularly in vv. 18–20, the author of the letter uses a cluster of terms that evoke the image of “Timothy” engaged in a military campaign. Along these lines, the verb ἀπωθέοµαι (v. 19) activates the mental picture of a previous struggle or clash through which one party (the τινες) has been disadvantaged. This article seeks to identify the leading metaphors that the author summons in 1 Tim 1, to scrutinize the concepts that he employs for creating these metaphors, and to describe the set of relations that enables a coherent understanding of 1 Tim 1 in general and 1:18–20 in particular. In addition, this article examines how these metaphors are embedded in the wider framework of 1 Tim 1–6 and integrated into the author’s struggle against a false teaching circulating in the Ephesian ekklesia.
The Second Peter
Authors: Rodenbiker Kelsie G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In early Christian literary production, Peter emerges as an early apostolic figure of prominence ripe for a prolific textual afterlife, lending his name to a wide range of literature. These works include 2 Peter, which is widely recognized as a pseudepigraphal writing. Here, the author argues that pseudepigraphy is a form of exemplarity—the constructive and strategic usage of a figure from the past as a model for the present and future. Within this model, 2 Peter is read as a pseudepigraphon styled and traditioned as a second, testamentary epistle of Peter, the leader of the apostles. Second Peter’s authoritative status is doubted in the early stages of the canonical process. But the ongoing transmission of the reputation of Peter, attested for example by the manuscript tradition, aids this work’s establishment as a Petrine text.
Discursive Structures in Matthew Kukah’s January 2020 Speech on the State of Insecurity in Nigeria
Authors: Adedomi Oluwayemisi O. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the discourse structures in the state of the nation speech given by Mathew Kukah, the Bishop of Sokoto (Nigeria) Catholic Diocese in the wake of 2020. The study explores how the various discursive moves are deployed in Kukah’s speech to condemn the spate of insecurity in Nigeria as well as call for attitudinal change amongst Nigerians. The study adopts van Dijk’s (2004) critical discourse analytical model as theoretical frame of reference. This model supplies the material for the categorization of the discursive moves deployed for self-positive and other negative representation. The data is purposively selected because it is considered as interventionist and one of the objective appraisals of the insecurity situation in present-day Nigeria. The study revealed that seven discursive moves: lexicalization, comparison, victimization, rhetoric, authority, presupposition and burden are used by Kukah to delegitimize terrorism and religious intolerance, castigate President Muhammadu Buhari’s administration as well as give a wake-up call to all Nigerians. The study concludes that linguistic choices are deployed in Kukah’s speech to call for national re-awakening.
Rethinking the Tensions between Populism and Diplomacy: A Case Study of Regional Sub-State Diplomacy as Populist Image-Building Strategy in Flanders
Authors: Meijen Jens 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Populism is traditionally understood as a challenge to diplomacy. This article reconsiders that notion through an illustrative case of regional sub-state diplomacy. First, it examines how and why populists discredit diplomacy and the international order through four typically populist discursive strategies: crisis discourse, exceptionalism, underdogism and challengerism. Second, it explores why populists may approach regional sub-state diplomacy differently. To illustrate this, it examines the position of Vlaams Belang (a Flemish populist party in Belgium) in the Flemish Parliament Commission for Foreign Policy. It shows that the party discredits state diplomacy while advocating for stronger Flemish diplomacy, implying that the idea of populism as a challenge to diplomacy does not necessarily hold up for regional sub-state diplomacy. As such, the article suggests that the multifarious ways in which populism and diplomacy intersect deserve greater scrutiny and that diplomacy studies should approach populism not as a monolith but as a multi-faceted concept.
A Primer on General Surgery Applicants Who Have Graduated From Indian Medical Schools
Authors: Schenarts Paul J. , Panwar Aru , Mukkai Krishnamurty Devi , Nandipati Kalyana 
Published: January 2023

Background: Graduates of Indian medical schools account for the greatest proportion of non-US born international medical graduates applying to general surgery residency programs. Purpose: Provide information to facilitate fair and holistic review of applicants from Indian medical schools. Research Design: Comprehensive review of the Indian medical education system, including history, regulatory agencies, medical school admission, curriculum, cultural differences, immigration issues, and outcomes after residency. Results: The Indian medical education system is one of the world’s oldest. The number of medical schools and graduates continues to increase. Medical school admission criteria are variable. Recent regulatory changes have improved the quality of applicants entering the US. Emphasis on academic performance over volunteerism as well as communication styles differ from US graduates. The success of graduates during and after residency is well documented. Conclusions: Understanding the differences in the US and Indian medical education systems will provide a basis for the fair evaluation of applicants.
Pregnant Women’s Experiences During and After Hurricanes Irma and Maria, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, Puerto Rico, 2018
Authors: Simeone Regina M. , House L. Duane , Salvesen von Essen Beatriz , Kortsmit Katherine , Hernandez Virella Wanda , Vargas Bernal Manuel I. , Galang Romeo R. , D’Angelo Denise V. , Shapiro-Mendoza Carrie K. , Ellington Sascha R. 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Exposure to natural disasters during and after pregnancy may increase adverse mental health outcomes. Hurricanes Irma and Maria struck Puerto Rico in September 2017. Our objectives were to understand hurricane-related experiences, maternal health concerns, and the impact of hurricane experiences on postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS). Methods: We used data from the 2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System to describe differences in maternal hurricane experiences among women who were pregnant during and after the 2017 hurricanes. We assessed maternal concerns and PDS. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs for the associations between hurricane experiences and PDS. Results: The most frequently reported hurricane experiences were losing power for ≥1 week (97%) and feeling unsafe due to lack of order/security (70%). Almost 30% of women who were pregnant during the hurricanes reported missing prenatal care. PDS were reported by 13% of women. Most hurricane experiences were associated with an increased prevalence of PDS. Feeling unsafe (aPR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2-4.9) and having difficulty getting food (aPR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-4.1) had the strongest associations. Conclusions: Most women who were pregnant during or after hurricanes Irma and Maria struck Puerto Rico reported negative hurricane experiences, and most experiences were associated with an increased prevalence of PDS. Understanding the experiences of pregnant women during and after disasters and identifying risks for adverse mental health outcomes after pregnancy are important to inform emergency preparedness and prenatal and postpartum care.