bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Droplet microfluidic chip for precise monitoring of dynamic solution changes
Authors: Ma Cong , Gao Zehang , Zhao Jianlong , Feng Shilun 
Published: August 2023

In this work, an automated microfluidic chip that uses negative pressure to sample and analyze solutions with high temporal resolution was developed. The chip has a T-shaped channel for mixing the sample with a fluorescent indicator, a flow-focusing channel for generating droplets in oil, and a long storage channel for incubating and detecting the droplets. By monitoring the fluorescence intensity of the droplets, the device could detect changes in solution accurately over time. The chip can generate droplets at frequencies of up to 42 Hz with a mixing ratio of 1:1 and a temporal resolution of 3–6 s. It had excellent linearity in detecting fluorescein solution in the concentration range 1–5 μM. This droplet microfluidic chip provides several advantages over traditional methods, including high temporal resolution, stable droplet generation, and faster flow rates. This approach could be applied to monitoring calcium ions with a dynamic range from 102 to 107 nM and a detection limit of 10 nM.
The magnetocaloric effect of the lanthanide fluorides: Using polarized neutron scattering to probe a magnetocaloric suitable for hydrogen liquefaction
Authors: Dixey Richard J. C. , Wildes Andrew , Doheny Patrick W. , Stenning Gavin B. G. , Saines Paul J. 
Published: August 2023

This work reports the competitive magnetocaloric effect of some simple lanthanide fluoride materials with cations with high magnetic anisotropy. Of these, HoF3 is particularly promising due to exhibiting a high magnetocaloric entropy change under modest applied fields at higher temperatures, which only decreases modestly with temperature such that it has the potential for cooling for hydrogen liquefaction. Spin-polarized neutron spectroscopy indicates that its promising conventional magnetocaloric effect is likely due to the presence of ferromagnetic fluctuations of highly anisotropic magnetic moments, while its singlet electronic ground state and low-temperature magnetic ordering lead to a decrease in its magnetocaloric performance below 4 K.
Design of the shattered pellet injection system for ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Dibon M. , de Marne P. , Papp G. , Vinyar I. , Lukin A. , Jachmich S. , Kruezi U. , Muir A. , Rohde V. , Lehnen M. , Heinrich P. , Peherstorfer T. , Podymskii D. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: August 2023

A new shattered pellet injection system was designed and built to perform disruption mitigation experiments on ASDEX Upgrade. The system can inject pellets with diameters of 1, 2, 4, or 8 mm with variable lengths over a range of L/D ratios of ∼0.5–1.5. By using helium or deuterium as propellant gas, the pellets can be accelerated to speeds between 60 and 750 m/s. The velocity range slightly depends on the pellet mass. The injection system is capable of preparing three pellets in separate barrels at the same time. Once accelerated by the propellant gas pulse, the pellets travel through one of three parallel flight tubes. Each flight tube is separated into three sections with increasing diameters of 12, 14, and 16 mm. Two gaps between the sections allow for removal of the propellant gas by expansion into two separate expansions tanks (0.3 and 0.035 m3), pellet observation in the first gap and the torus gate valve in the second. Each flight tube end is equipped with an exchangeable shatter head with different shatter angles, square or circular cross-section, and different lengths. The gas preparation and control systems allow highly automated pellet generation for precision of the pellet composition and an excellent reproducibility of shattered pellet experiments.
Low temperature tetragonal polymorph of CaZrF6
Authors: Bodine Daniel L. , Wilkinson Angus P. 
Published: August 2023

A new tetragonal polymorph of CaZrF6 can be prepared by high energy ball milling of a CaF2/ZrF4 mixture, followed by heat treatment at 325 °C. This polymorph is thermodynamically stable with respect to the well-known cubic form at low temperatures. However, it readily transforms to the cubic form on heating above ∼400 °C. The tetragonal (β) CaZrF6 is not isostructural with any previously known alkaline earth AZrF6 phase. Unlike the cubic form, which shows strong negative thermal expansion over a wide temperature range, the tetragonal form displays positive thermal expansion in all directions (100–400 K: αl ∼ +17 × 10−6 K−1 and +13 × 10−6 K−1 along the a- and c-axes, respectively).
Human-animal interactions from an evolutionary perspective: Symbioses as extended ultrasociality
Authors: Steklis H. Dieter , Steklis Netzin G. , Peñaherrera-Aguirre Mateo , Figueredo Aurelio J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The field of human-animal interactions (HAI) is focused primarily on human-companion animal relationships, especially the impact of such relationships on human health. Here, we demonstrate how a wider, integrative approach, consisting of an evolutionary framework, provides new insights into the varieties of HAIs and their emergence and significance during human evolution. Along with other HAI researchers, we show that those HAIs which develop into interrelationships can best be treated as ecological symbioses that involve fitness interdependence among the symbionts and entail the evolution of phenotypic traits that support the adaptive features of the symbionts. We present the novel idea that the formation of mutualistic symbiotic relationships through the process of domestication depended on the prior evolution of hominin hypersociality and ultrasociality in modern humans. Hypersociality was characterized by high levels of social cooperation and social tolerance that became increasingly important for human social life and cooperative hunting. The further development of ultrasociality in modern humans consisted of the development of large-scale (i.e., beyond the hunting band) cooperative social networks of genetically unrelated individuals. This depended on the evolution of further enhancements in socio-cognitive skills, especially representational abilities (e.g., theory of mind), symbolic capacities, and formation of tribal societies with complex social institutions. These modern cognitive and socio-cultural features were made possible by significant brain reorganization during the past 60,000 years. Tribal social institutions were founded on normative moral sentiments and behavior and regulated and ultimately reduced levels of lethal violence. The extension of fitness interdependent, cooperative relationships to large networks of unrelated individuals (i.e., ultrasociality), we argue, was foundational in modern humans to the formation of mutualistic symbioses (i.e., process of domestication) with other animals. Because they are an outgrowth of ultrasociality, we suggest that the term “extended ultrasociality” appropriately describes human interrelationships with domesticated animals. We further suggest that these human-animal interrelationships are unique in that they become imbued with and immersed in our symbolic world, as is demonstrated by the earliest representational art in caves after 50,000 years when enhanced modern human representational and symbolic capacities were evolving. An evolutionary framework invites new questions and avenues for research.
The Role of Technology in Promoting Environmental Conservation and Cross-Cultural Understanding: Lessons From Ridgeline Wanaka
Authors: Dold Pippa , Finkler Wiebke , Walker Lloyd , Carr Neil , Lee Craig 
Published: August 2023

Summary
This case study offers valuable insights into the field of tourism business studies through the analysis of three interviews with Mark Orbell, the founder of Ridgeline Wanaka. With a focus on connecting individuals with nature through private walks, off-road safaris, and photography tours, the business simultaneously emphasizes the importance of conservation and cross-cultural understanding through technology. Mark Orbell’s commitment to preserving the Wanaka region’s natural beauty and biodiversity serves as the fundamental cornerstone of Ridgeline Wanaka’s overarching business strategy. By conducting interviews that spanned the periods prior to, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, this study sheds light on the challenges encountered by the business and showcases the implementation of innovative cross-cultural strategies. In conjunction with advancements in technology and an emphasis on conservation tourism, cross-cultural understanding emerges as a pivotal element within Ridgeline Wanaka’s business strategy, playing a critical role in elevating the quality of tourism service delivery and cultivating authentic and meaningful visitor experiences.

Information
© The Authors 2023
The velocity of resistance exercise does not accurately assess repetitions‐in‐reserve
Authors: Mansfield Sean K. , Peiffer Jeremiah J. , Galna Brook , Scott Brendan R. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThis study assessed the reliability of mean concentric bar velocity from 3‐ to 0‐repetitions in reserve (RIR) across four sets in different exercises (bench press and prone row) and with different loads (60 and 80% 1‐repetition maximum; 1RM). Whether velocity values from set one could be used to predict RIR in subsequent sets was also examined. Twenty recreationally active males performed baseline 1RM testing before two randomised sessions of four sets to failure with 60 or 80% 1RM. A linear position transducer measured mean concentric velocity of repetitions, and the velocity associated with each RIR value up to 0‐RIR. For both exercises, velocity decreased between each repetition from 3‐ to 0‐RIR (p ≤ 0.010). Mean concentric velocity of RIR values was not reliable across sets in the bench press (mean intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.40, mean coefficient of variation [CV] = 21.3%), despite no significant between‐set differences (p = 0.530). Better reliability was noted in the prone row (mean ICC = 0.80, mean CV = 6.1%), but velocity declined by 0.019–0.027 m·s−1 (p = 0.032) between sets. Mean concentric velocity was 0.050–0.058 m·s−1 faster in both exercises with 60% than 80% 1RM with (p < 0.001). At the individual level, the velocity of specific RIR values from set one accurately predicted RIR from 5‐ to 0‐RIR for 30.9% of repetitions in subsequent sets. These findings suggest that velocity of specific RIR values vary across exercises, loads and sets. As velocity‐based RIR estimates were not accurate for 69.1% of repetitions, alternative methods to should be considered for autoregulating of resistance exercise in recreationally active individuals.
Double buffer of MAPbBr3 QDs using a bulk crystal source by the LARP method and MABr modifier for CsPbBr3 perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Chen Lung-Chien , Wei You-Siang , Zhang Meng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work, we employed MAPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) and MABr salt as buffer layers to boost the optoelectronic characteristics of CsPbBr3 perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). The MAPbBr3 QDs were prepared by ligand-assisted reprecipitation method and using MAPbBr3 bulk single crystals as source material, but traditional powder source. The MAPbBr3 bulk single crystals were obtained by inverse temperature crystallization method. The purification cycles of bulk-crystal source MAPbBr3 quantum dots (bc-MAPbBr3 QDs) were studied. The bc-MAPbBr3 QDs and MABr salt were applied into the PeLED structures. The best brightness reached 7555 cd m−2, and the external quantum efficiency reached 0.318%.
Tuning the spin of Dirac fermions on the surface of topological insulators in proximity to a helical spin density wave
Authors: Yar Abdullah , Taif Usman Muhammad , Sabeeh Kashif 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate the spin tunability of Dirac fermions on the surface of a 3D topological insulator in proximity to a helical spin density wave, acting as an applied one-dimensional periodic potential for spins produced by spiral multiferroic oxide. It is observed that the spin mean values of Dirac fermion undergo oscillations under the influence of such a periodic potential created by the exchange field of magnetization. The tunability of spin is strongly affected by the strength, orientation and period of the exchange field. In particular, the mean values of spin are anisotropic around the Dirac point, depending strongly on the amplitude and spatial period of the periodic potential. We also find that the spin expectation values change significantly by changing the plane of magnetization. Interestingly, the in-plane components of spin mean values perform pronounced oscillations, whereas the out of plane component does not oscillate at all. The oscillations of planar components of spin are originated from the spin-momentum locking on the surface of topological insulator.
Defining optimal thickness for maximal self-field
Jc
in YBCO/CeO2 multilayers grown on buffered metal
Authors: Tuomola A , Rivasto E , Aye M M , Zhao Y , Huhtinen H , Paturi P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The effect of multilayering YBa2Cu3O

6
+
x

(YBCO) thin films with sequentially deposited CeO2 layers between YBCO layers grown on buffered metallic template is investigated to optimize the self-field critical current density

J

c

(
0
)

. We have obtained that the improvement in

J

c

(
0
)

clearly depends on the YBCO layer thickness and temperature, where at high temperature

J

c

(
0
)

can be increased even 50% when compared with the single layer YBCO films. Based on our experimental results and theoretical approach to the growth mechanism during multilayer deposition, we have defined a critical thickness for the YBCO layer, where the maximal self-field

J

c

(
0
)

is strongly related to the competing issues between the uniform and nonuniform strain relaxation and the formation of dislocations and other defects during the film growth. Our results can be directly utilized in the future coated conductor technology, when maximizing the overall in-field

J

c

(
B
)

by combining both the optimal crystalline quality and flux pinning properties typically in bilayer film structures.
BEG spin-1 model with random exchange magnetic interactions for spin-crossover solids
Authors: Ogou Saliou Bolarinwa , Oke Toussaint Djidjoho , Karimou Mounirou , Hontinfinde Félix , Boukheddaden Kamel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We have investigated magnetic phase diagrams of spin-crossover (SCO) solids throughout the Blume–Emery–Griffiths spin-1 model where the spin states ±1 and 0 are associated to high-spin state and low-spin states respectively. In the present work, the quadrupolar interaction, K, parameter depends linearly on temperature and accounts for the role of the lattice phonons in the elastic interactions between the SCO units. Magnetic interactions are randomly distributed in the system and are controlled by a factor

γ
=

J

i
j

/

K

such that for γ = 0 (

J

i
j

=
0

), magnetic ordering is not expected. The crystal-field that acts on SCO sites depends both on the ligand-field strength and the degeneracy ratio between HS and LS states as in some previous works. The system is also under the effect of a random local magnetic field hi
acting on each site i. The model is solved using a homogeneous mean field theory. Our investigations reveal the occurrence of thermally-induced gradual, and first-order spin-transitions by varying the model parameters. At vicinity of first-order transition, various types of isothermal magnetic hysteresis loops are obtained and their corresponding coercive field and loop patterns are discussed as function of temperature.
Deep learning algorithm for visual quality assessment of the spirograms
Authors: Waląg Damian , Soliński Mateusz , Kołtowski Łukasz , Górska Katarzyna , Korczyński Piotr , Kuźnar-Kamińska Barbara , Grabicki Marcin , Basza Mikołaj , Łepek Michał 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective. The quality of spirometry manoeuvres is crucial for correctly interpreting the values of spirometry parameters. A fundamental guideline for proper quality assessment is the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) Standards for spirometry, updated in 2019, which describe several start-of-test and end-of-test criteria which can be assessed automatically. However, the spirometry standards also require a visual evaluation of the spirometry curve to determine the spirograms’ acceptability or usability. In this study, we present an automatic algorithm based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) for quality assessment of the spirometry curves as an alternative to manual verification performed by specialists.Approach. The algorithm for automatic assessment of spirometry measurements was created using a set of randomly selected 1998 spirograms which met all quantitative criteria defined by ATS/ERS Standards. Each spirogram was annotated as ‘confirm’ (remaining acceptable or usable status) or ‘reject’ (change the status to unacceptable) by four pulmonologists, separately for FEV1 and FVC parameters. The database was split into a training (80%) and test set (20%) for developing the CNN classification algorithm. The algorithm was optimised using a cross-validation method.Main results. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity obtained for the algorithm were 92.6%, 93.1% and 90.0% for FEV1 and 94.1%, 95.6% and 88.3% for FVC, respectively.Significance.The algorithm provides an opportunity to significantly improve the quality of spirometry tests, especially during unsupervised spirometry. It can also serve as an additional tool in clinical trials to quickly assess the quality of a large group of tests.
Electron kinetics in a positive column of AC discharges in a dynamic regime
Authors: Humphrey Nathan A , Kolobov Vladimir I 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We have performed hybrid kinetic-fluid simulations of a positive column in alternating current (AC) argon discharges over a range of driving frequencies f and gas pressure p for the conditions when the spatial nonlocality of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is substantial. Our simulations confirmed that the most efficient conditions of plasma maintenance are observed in the dynamic regime when time modulations of mean electron energy (temperature) are substantial. The minimal values of the root mean square electric field and the electron temperature have been observed at f/p values of about 3 kHz Torr−1 in a tube of radius R = 1 cm. The ionization rate and plasma density reached maximal values under these conditions. The numerical solution of a kinetic equation allowed accounting for the kinetic effects associated with spatial and temporal nonlocality of the EEDF. Using the kinetic energy of electrons as an independent variable, we solved an anisotropic tensor diffusion equation in phase space. We clarified the role of different flux components during electron diffusion in phase space over surfaces of constant total energy. We have shown that the kinetic theory uncovers a more exciting and rich physics than the classical ambipolar diffusion (Schottky) model. Non-monotonic radial distributions of excitation rates, metastable densities, and plasma density have been observed in our simulations at pR > 6 Torr cm. The predicted off-axis plasma density peak in the dynamic regime has never been observed in experiments so far. We hope our results stimulate further experimental studies of the AC positive column. The kinetic analysis could help uncover new physics even for such a well-known plasma object as a positive column in noble gases.
A novel negative stiffness metamaterials: discrete assembly and enhanced design capabilities
Authors: Sun Min , Zhang Kun , Guo Xinzheng , Zhang Zheng , Chen Yiji , Zhang Guang , Jiang Shaofei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, a new negative stiffness metamaterial is designed using laminates with independent negative stiffness properties as the functional component and a discrete assembly method. In this paper, the metamaterial is designed by a mathematical model, which has been verified and analyzed systematically by experiment and finite element method. The influence of each laminate parameter on the design of metamaterials under uniform distribution and gradient distribution was investigated, and based on this, the load-bearing capacity enhancement strategy of metamaterials was further explored. The metamaterial has the advantages of discrete assembly and designability, which solves the defects of the previous performance constrained by the structure and enhances usability.
A deep learning approach for anomaly identification in PZT sensors using point contact method
Authors: Kalimullah Nur M M , Shelke Amit , Habib Anowarul 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The implementation of piezoelectric sensors is degraded due to surface defects, delamination, and extreme weathering conditions, to mention a few. Hence, the sensor needs to be diagnosed before the efficacious implementation in the structural health monitoring (SHM) framework. To rescue the problem, a novel experimental method based on Coulomb coupling is utilised to visualise the evolution of elastic waves and interaction with the surface anomaly in the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) substrate. Recently, machine learning (ML) has been expeditiously becoming an essential technology for scientific computing, with several possibilities to advance the field of SHM. This study employs a deep learning-based autoencoder neural network in conjunction with image registration and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) to diagnose the surface anomaly in the PZT substrate. The autoencoder extracts the significant damage-sensitive features from the complex waveform big data. Further, it provides a nonlinear input–output model that is well suited for the non-linear interaction of the wave with the surface anomaly and boundary of the substrate. The measured time-series waveform data is provided as input into the autoencoder network. The mean absolute error (MAE) between the input and output of the deep learning model is evaluated to detect the anomaly. The MAEs are sensitive to the anomaly that lies in the PZT substrate. Further, the challenge arising from offset and distortion is addressed with ad hoc image registration technique. Finally, the localisation and quantification of the anomaly are performed by computing PSNR values. This work proposes an advanced, efficient damage detection algorithm in the scenario of big data that is ubiquitous in SHM.
Two-dimensional Superconductivity in Misfit Layered Compound (BiSe)1.10NbSe2
Authors: Matsuzawa S , Kitano H , Pyon S , Tamegai T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Novel two-dimensional superconductivity in a misfit layered compound (BiSe)1.10NbSe2 with a critical temperature T
c of 2.7 K is reported. The temperature dependence of H
c2 is linear close to T
c for both H ∥ c-axis and H ∥ ab-plane, suggesting that the superconductivity is three-dimensional with some anisotropy. However, the angular dependence of H
c2 clearly reveals a cusp-like behavior, which can be explained by Tinkham model, indicating that the system is two-dimensional. In order to clarify the relationship between stripe structures on the surface and the two-dimensional superconductivity, we also performed the same measurement on a uniform microbridge sample. We found similar two-dimensional behavior even in a microbridge without linear defects, indicating that the origin of two-dimensional superconductivity in (BiSe)1.10NbSe2 is not related to the stripe structure.