bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topology optimization for piezoresistive nanomechanical surface stress sensors in anisotropic 〈111〉 orientations
Authors: Zhuang Chao , Minami Kosuke , Shiba Kota , Yoshikawa Genki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based piezoresistive nanomechanical sensors are compact sensing platforms widely employed in vapor sensing, environmental monitoring, and biosensing. Despite their extensive utility, their lower sensitivity relative to their optical readout counterparts has been a limiting factor, constraining the wider application of this technology. Prior research has suggested that alternative silicon orientations, such as 〈111〉 orientations in (110) wafers, can significantly improve the sensitivity of piezoresistive sensors. However, the complexity of optimizing two-dimensional stress distribution and handling anisotropic elasticity has made device design a formidable task, leaving this promising avenue largely unexplored. To address this challenge, we employ density-based topology optimization to generate a series of optimized designs for piezoresistive nanomechanical sensors manufactured along 〈111〉 orientations. The properties of the immobilization layer—the functional coating on the sensor—are parametrically varied to explore optimal designs. Our study reveals a transition in optimized designs from a double-cantilever configuration to a suspended platform configuration, dictated by the stiffness ratio between the immobilization layer and the silicon layer. This transition is attributed to the shift in the neutral plane and the prevailing stress relaxation mechanism. In addition, we scrutinize the effects of piezoresistor geometry and find that the optimized designs depend asymmetrically on the piezoresistor position, a characteristic stemming from the anisotropic elasticity in 〈111〉 orientations. These optimized designs, verified by finite element analysis (FEA), demonstrate a notable improvement in sensitivity of more than 20% when benchmarked against traditional rectangular designs and equivalent optimized designs in conventional orientations, thereby validating the effectiveness of the present model. This study provides crucial knowledge for the design of piezoresistive biosensors, facilitating more efficient geometric design in future sensor development.
Implementing a perioperative care of older people undergoing surgery (POPS) service: findings from a multi-site qualitative implementation study
Authors: Waring Justin , Martin Graham P , Hartley Peter , Partridge Judith S L , Dhesi Jugdeep K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The Perioperative care for Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS) service model is increasingly being implemented across care providers in the English and Welsh National Health Services.

Objective
The study aimed to produce evidence regarding clinical leaders’ activities to implement POPS across different service contexts and to produce generalisable recommendations for future implementation.

Methods
A qualitative interview study was undertaken across six National Health Services hospitals with established POPS services. Interview participants were recruited on the basis of their direct involvement in the implementation and leadership of the service. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with 26 people carried out between November 2022 and May 2023.

Results
The implementation of POPS is often hampered by a lack of managerial and financial support, and apprehension amongst surgeons and anaesthetist about new ways of working. POPS leaders address these through five interconnected activities, each targeted at a combination of implementation factors. (i) Securing management and financial support. (ii) Professional engagement. (iii) Evidence building as a resource for demonstrating the clinical and operational benefits of POPS. (iv) Communication and engagement activities to promote and legitimise POPS to stakeholder groups. (v) Designated and distributed leadership to promote and coordinate implementation activities and to spread the service to new pathways.

Conclusions
Through a combination of activities POPS can be effectively implemented across different organisational contexts. Some aspects of these activities can be guided by shared resources and learning across sites, but others require adaption to local contextual barriers and drivers.
Monkeypox virus cytologic findings: An institutional experience with an emerging threat
Authors: Viswanathan Kartik , Mansmann Katrina M , Workowski Kimberly , Guarner Jeannette , Heiman Kimberly M , Lubin Daniel J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Mpox is a viral disease caused by monkeypox, a highly contagious orthopoxvirus that resulted in a global outbreak beginning in spring 2022. Diagnosis is confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of swabs from mucocutaneous lesions. Rare reports have documented the histologic changes of mpox lesions, but the cytologic features have not been described. We present the cytology findings of samples taken from swabs of mucocutaneous mpox lesions in 3 different patients.

Methods
The patients were all male, aged 55, 43, and 37 years, all with mpox confirmed by PCR testing. Swabs from chest (cases 1 and 2) and tongue (case 3) lesions were directly sampled and submitted in Aptima (case 1) or PreservCyt solution (cases 2 and 3). Liquid-based preps were prepared and stained using the Papanicolaou method. Specimens were assessed for viral cytopathic changes.

Results
All cases showed nuclear cytopathic changes (enlarged nuclei with open chromatin and prominent red nucleoli), 2 cases demonstrated multinucleated keratinocytes, and 1 case showed potential Guarnieri bodies. The chromatin margination and nuclear molding typical of herpesviruses was not appreciated.

Conclusions
The cytopathic changes of monkeypox are not specific, but their recognition could prompt appropriate PCR testing. Monkeypox shows distinct cytologic changes compared with herpesviruses.
Relationship between drinking risk and preferences for helping resources among emerging adults living in disadvantaged communities in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Tucker Jalie A , Cheong JeeWon , Stinson Lesleigh A , Chandler Susan D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Compared to campus-based alcohol interventions for college students, services for emerging adult (EA) risky drinkers who reside off-campus in disadvantaged communities are not well established. This web survey assessed drinking practices, problems, and preferences for professional and lay helping resources spanning digital and in-person formats among community-dwelling EAs to guide services for them and determine whether drinking risk levels varied by preferences for help. Digital respondent-driven sampling recruited EA risky drinkers from disadvantaged communities (N = 356; M age = 23.6 years, 64.0% women, 77.4% employed, 64.9% residing in impoverished areas above the US average, 53.5% income &lt; $20k/year). A web survey assessed participants’ drinking practices and problems, including alcohol use disorder symptoms, and help-seeking preferences for smartphone apps; online help; in-person help from doctors, clinics, teachers, and school programs; mutual help groups; and help from friends and family. Preferences were related to participant drinking risks using generalized linear modeling. Modeling results showed that risk levels were related to help-seeking preferences. EAs reporting more negative consequences preferred smartphone apps and help from friends, whereas EAs reporting fewer negative consequences and drinking days preferred professional in-person help (Ps &lt; 0.05). Although &gt;90% fulfilled alcohol use disorder diagnostic criteria, &lt;4% had received an alcohol-related intervention. EAs who are riskier drinkers appear less likely to use professional resources in favor of informal and online resources that allow greater anonymity. Findings can guide services for this underserved population that are responsive to drinker risk levels.
Virtuous Outlaws: Affective Claims to Value in Professional Speechwriters’ Discourse
Authors: Mapes Gwynne 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper I investigate the unique ‘production format’ (Goffman 1981) of professional speechwriting; while the behind-the-scenes nature of this high-end language work (Thurlow 2020a) demands a marked erasure of authorship (see Mapes 2023, in press), this can simultaneously be used as a resource for claiming professional virtue and ingroup status. To demonstrate the largely reflexive (e.g. Giddens 1991) and affective (e.g. Weatherell 2013) underpinnings of this sort of discursive negotiation, I draw on my ethnographic fieldwork in the US American speechwriting community, including a 3-day professional speechwriting course; ‘language biography’ interviews (cf. Preston 2004); and a video-recorded virtual meeting. Following important scholarship in professional/workplace discourse, these data not only document the interesting ways in which speechwriters exercise their agency (e.g. White 2018), but also complicated entanglements with the ‘semiotic ideologies’ (Keane 2018) of contemporary life. Ultimately, certain kinds of words and work have value in the (linguistic) marketplace—and according to speechwriters, theirs certainly do.
Phylogeography of the American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus (Crocodylia: Crocodylidae) in Colombia: a conservation perspective
Authors: Moncada-jimenez Juan F , Hernandez-gonzalez Felipe , Prada-quiroga Carlos F , García-calderon Lina M , García Yessy , Hernandez Elkin , Lopez Aristides , Argel Arnold , Polo Juan Manuel , Farfan-ardila Nidia , Balaguera-Reina Sergio A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Crocodylus acutus is the most widely distributed crocodile in the Neotropics, playing a key role in the ecosystems it inhabits. However, unsustainable use and habitat degradation have depleted its populations across its range. In Colombia, it is classified as Endangered by local authorities, and a legislative framework for its protection has been created, implementing hunting bans and breeding programmes. Successful implementation of these programmes depends on the existence of baseline genetic information, which is currently insufficient for the species. We assess the genetic diversity, phylogeography, and demographic patterns of the American crocodile in Colombia based on three mitochondrial markers (cox1, cytb, and trnP/trnF/D-Loop) and propose actions for its management and conservation. We processed 33 American crocodile samples from both wild and captive populations and performed genetic variability, phylogenetic, phylogeographical, and neutrality tests, including previously reported sequences. We found evidence of high genetic variability in Colombia, the existence of clearly differentiated mitochondrial phylogenetic clades, and possible human-influenced or stochastic demographic variation events. We propose guidelines for the translocation of American crocodiles based on our findings and present evidence of possible dispersal events in the Caribbean and Magdalena regions. Finally, we suggest the implementation of management units and identify research priorities for future work.
Artificial intelligence-empowered cellular morphometric risk score improves prognostic stratification of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pérez-Baena Manuel J , Mao Jian-Hua , Pérez-Losada Jesús , Santos-Briz Ángel , Chang Hang , Cañueto Javier 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Risk stratification of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is essential for managing patients.

Objectives
To determine if artificial intelligence and machine learning might help to stratify patients with cSCC by risk using more than solely clinical and histopathological factors.

Methods
We retrieved a retrospective cohort of 104 patients whose cSCCs had been excised with clear margins. Clinical and histopathological risk factors were evaluated. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were scanned and analysed by an algorithm based on the stacked predictive sparse decomposition technique. Cellular morphometric biomarkers (CMBs) were identified via machine learning and used to derive a cellular morphometric risk score (CMRS) that classified cSCCs into clusters of differential prognoses. Concordance analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were calculated and compared with results obtained with the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) staging system. The performance of the combination of the BWH staging system and the CMBs was also analysed.

Results
There were no differences among the CMRS groups in terms of clinical and histopathological risk factors and T-stage assignment, but there were significant differences in prognosis. Combining the CMRS with BWH staging systems increased distinctiveness and improved prognostic performance. C-indices were 0.91 local recurrence and 0.91 for nodal metastasis when combining the two approaches. The NPV was 94.41% and 96.00%, the PPV was 36.36% and 41.67%, and accuracy reached 86.75% and 89.16%, respectively, with the combined approach.

Conclusions
CMRS is helpful for cSCC risk stratification beyond classic clinical and histopathological risk features. Combining the information from the CMRS and the BWH staging system offers outstanding prognostic performance for patients with high-risk cSCC.
A comprehensive review of dermoscopy in melasma
Authors: Punchihewa Nisal , Rodrigues Michelle 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Melasma is a common acquired hyperpigmentation disorder that predominantly affects females with skin of colour. It is difficult to treat and impacts on people’s quality of life, owing to its predilection for the face. In addition to helping make the correct diagnosis, dermoscopy can assist in the exclusion of differential diagnoses, to inform treatment decision-making and to recognize treatment-related adverse effects.
Abnormal interaction between cortical regions of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome children
Authors: Shi Naikai , Pang Feng , Chen Jin , Lin Minmin , Liang Jiuxing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome negatively affects the cognitive function of children. This study aims to find potential biomarkers for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in children by investigating the patterns of sleep electroencephalography networks. The participants included 16 mild obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome children, 12 severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome children, and 13 healthy controls. Effective brain networks were constructed using symbolic transfer entropy to assess cortical information interaction. The information flow pattern in the participants was evaluated using the parameters cross-within variation and the ratio of posterior-anterior information flow. Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome children had a considerably higher symbolic transfer entropy in the full frequency band of N1, N2, and rapid eye movement (REM) stages (P &lt; 0.05), and a significantly lower symbolic transfer entropy in full frequency band of N3 stage (P &lt; 0.005), in comparison with the healthy controls. In addition, the cross-within variation of the β frequency band across all sleep stages were significantly lower in the obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome group than in the healthy controls (P &lt; 0.05). What is more, the posterior-anterior information flowin the β frequency band of REM stage was significantly higher in mild obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome children than in the healthy controls (P &lt; 0.05). These findings may serve as potential biomarkers for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in children and provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms.
Neural synchrony underlies the positive effect of shared reading on children’s language ability
Authors: Zhai Yu , Xie Huixin , Zhao Hui , Wang Wenjing , Lu Chunming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough it is well recognized that parent–child shared reading produces positive effects on children’s language ability, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we addressed this issue by measuring brain activities from mother–child dyads simultaneously during a shared book reading task using functional near infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning. The behavioral results showed that the long-term experience of shared reading significantly predicted children’s language ability. Interestingly, the prediction was moderated by children’s age: for older children over 30 months, the more the shared reading experience, the better the language performance; for younger children below 30 months, however, no significant relationship was observed. The brain results showed significant interpersonal neural synchronization between mothers and children at the superior temporal cortex, which was closely associated with older children’s language ability through the mediation of long-term experience of shared reading. Finally, the results showed that the instantaneous quality of shared reading contributed to children’s language ability through enhancing interpersonal neural synchronization and increasing long-term experience. Based on these findings, we tentatively proposed a theoretical model for the relationship among interpersonal neural synchronization, shared reading and children’s language ability. These findings will facilitate our understanding on the role of shared reading in children’s language development.
Novel synergistic treatment for depression: involvement of GSK3β-regulated AMPA receptors in the prefrontal cortex of mice
Authors: Guo Lei , Wang Shuzhuo , Tian Haihua , Shang Mengyuan , Xu Jia , Wang Chuang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Previous evidence has suggested a vital role of glycogen synthase kinase 3β-mediated α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors trafficking in depression. Considering the antidepressant effect of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors activation in the prefrontal cortex, we hypothesized that glycogen synthase kinase 3β-induced alterations in α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors function in the prefrontal cortex participate in depression. Herein, we confirmed that the levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β and GluA1, the latter being a subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors, were decreased in the prefrontal cortex of the chronic social defeat stress model mice presenting with depressive-like behaviors. We then found that a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p.S9A) point mutation downregulated GluA1 and induced depressive-like behaviors in mice, whereas an agonist of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors, PF-4778574 (2 mg/kg) did not reversed the molecular changes. On the other hand, the antidepressant effect of PF-4778574 was dose dependent, and the single administration of PF-4778574 at a lower dose (0.5 mg/kg) or of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor SB216763 (5 and 10 mg/kg) did not evoke an antidepressant effect. In contrast, co-treatment with PF-4778574 (0.5 mg/kg) and SB216763 (10 mg/kg) led to antidepressant effects similar to those of PF-4778574 (2 mg/kg). Our results suggest that glycogen synthase kinase 3β-induced α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex is one of the key mechanisms of depression, and the combination of a lower dose of PF-4778574 with SB216763 shows potential as a novel synergistic treatment for depression.
Recommendations for Setting a Criterion for Assessing Commutability of Secondary Calibrator Certified Reference Materials
Authors: Miller W Greg , Keller Thomas , Budd Jeffrey , Johansen Jesper V , Panteghini Mauro , Greenberg Neil , Delatour Vincent , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Deprez Liesbet , Rej Robert , Camara Johanna E , MacKenzie Finlay , Lyle Alicia N , van der Hagen Eline , Burns Chris , Fauskanger Pernille , Sandberg Sverre ,   for the IFCC Working Group on Commutability in Metrological Traceability
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A secondary higher-order calibrator is required to be commutable with clinical samples to be suitable for use in the calibration hierarchy of an end-user clinical laboratory in vitro diagnostic medical device (IVD-MD). Commutability is a property of a reference material that means results for a reference material and for clinical samples have the same numeric relationship, within specified limits, across the measurement procedures for which the reference material is intended to be used. Procedures for assessing commutability have been described in the literature. This report provides recommendations for establishing a quantitative criterion to assess the commutability of a certified reference material (CRM).
The criterion is the maximum allowable noncommutability bias (MANCB) that allows a CRM to be used as a calibrator in a calibration hierarchy for an IVD-MD without exceeding the maximum allowable combined standard uncertainty for a clinical sample result (umaxCS). Consequently, the MANCB is derived as a fraction of the umaxCS for the measurand. The suitability of an MANCB for practical use in a commutability assessment is determined by estimating the number of measurements of clinical samples and CRMs required based on the precision performance and nonselectivity for the measurand of the measurement procedures in the assessment. Guidance is also provided for evaluating indeterminate commutability conclusions and how to report results of a commutability assessment.
Confirmation of Insertion, Deletion, and Deletion-Insertion Variants Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Choate Lauren A , Koleilat Alaa , Harris Kimberley , Vidal-Folch Noemi , Guenzel Adam , Newman Jessica , Peterson Brenda J , Peterson Sandra E , Rice Christopher S , Train Laura J , Hasadsri Linda , Marcou Cherisse A , Moyer Ann M , Baudhuin Linnea M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite clinically demonstrated accuracy in next generation sequencing (NGS) data, many clinical laboratories continue to confirm variants with Sanger sequencing, which increases cost of testing and turnaround time. Several studies have assessed the accuracy of NGS in detecting single nucleotide variants; however, less has been reported about insertion, deletion, and deletion-insertion variants (indels).

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis from 2015–2022 of indel results from a subset of NGS targeted gene panel tests offered through the Mayo Clinic Genomics Laboratories. We compared results from NGS and Sanger sequencing of indels observed in clinical runs and during the intra-assay validation of the tests.

Results
Results demonstrated 100% concordance between NGS and Sanger sequencing for over 490 indels (217 unique), ranging in size from 1 to 68 basepairs (bp). The majority of indels were deletions (77%) and 1 to 5 bp in length (90%). Variant frequencies ranged from 11.4% to 67.4% and 85.1% to 100% for heterozygous and homozygous variants, respectively, with a median depth of coverage of 2562×. A subset of indels (7%) were located in complex regions of the genome, and these were accurately detected by NGS. We also demonstrated 100% reproducibility of indel detection (n = 179) during intra-assay validation.

Conclusions
Together this data demonstrates that reportable indel variants up to 68 bp can be accurately assessed using NGS, even when they occur in complex regions. Depending on the complexity of the region or variant, Sanger sequence confirmation of indels is usually not necessary if the variants meet appropriate coverage and allele frequency thresholds.