bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemische Analysen ausgewählter Campana-Scherben
Authors: Thirion -Merle Valerie 
Published: April 2023

Bericht zu chemischen Analysen an ausgewählten Keramikgruppen (Campana) des Fundmaterials aus den Leitungsgrabungen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen fanden fanden im auswertenden Text bei der jeweiligen Fundbesprechung ihre Berücksichtigung, siehe Band A.
Die abgedruckte Fassung des Beitrages von Valerie Thirion- Merle stellt eine leicht gekürzte Version dar. Der vollständige Bericht kann bei der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt eingesehen werden.
Modelling host-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense interactions in vitro using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical brain organoids
Authors: Chandrasegaran Praveena , Nabilla Lestari Agatha , Sinton Matthew C. , Gopalakrishnan Jay , Quintana Juan F. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Sleeping sickness is caused by the extracellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei and is associated with neuroinflammation and neuropsychiatric disorders, including disruption of sleep/wake patterns, and is now recognised as a circadian disorder. Sleeping sickness is traditionally studied using murine models of infection due to the lack of alternative in vitro systems that fully recapitulate the cellular diversity and functionality of the human brain. The aim of this study is to develop a much-needed in vitro system that reduces and replaces live animals for the study of infections in the central nervous system, using sleeping sickness as a model infection. Methods: We developed a co-culture system using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical human brain organoids and the human pathogen T. b. gambiense to model host-pathogen interactions in vitro. Upon co-culture, we analysed the transcriptional responses of the brain organoids to T. b. gambiense over two time points. Results: We detected broad transcriptional changes in brain organoids exposed to T. b. gambiense, mainly associated with innate immune responses, chemotaxis, and blood vessel differentiation compared to untreated organoids. Conclusions: Our co-culture system provides novel, more ethical avenues to study host-pathogen interactions in the brain as alternative models to experimental infections in mice. Future work is required to increase the complexity of the organoids (e.g., addition of microglia and vasculature). We envision that the adoption of organoid systems will be beneficial to researchers studying mechanisms of brain infection by protozoan parasites. Furthermore, organoid systems have the potential to be used to study other parasites that affect the brain, including neurocysticercosis, significantly reducing the number of animals undergoing moderate and/or severe protocols associated with the study of neuroinflammation and brain infections.
The challenging reality of the clinical learning environment at Damascus University Faculty of Dental Medicine in Syria: a qualitative study
Authors: Alfakhry Ghaith , Mustafa Khattab , Jazayerli Bashar , Alhomsi Khaled , Jamous Issam 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In Syria, specialist dentists undergo five years of undergraduate education and four years of postgraduate education. In the latter, students engage in treating complex cases as part of their professional training. This study aimed to obtain in-depth qualitative understanding of the clinical learning environment at Damascus University Faculty of Dental Medicine, Syria. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were held with eight postgraduate dental students at Damascus University Faculty of Dental Medicine. The faculty has eight clinical departments; therefore, a single participant was purposively sampled from each department. The male-female ratio of the eight interviewed participants was 1:1. Data was analyzed inductively using reflective thematic analysis. Pragmatic saturation was discussed during the analysis and the authors made an interpretative judgement to stop data collection at the eighth interview. Results: Major themes which emerged covered different aspects of the clinical learning environment such as clinical training, social interaction and assessment procedures. Faculty’s negligence of their teaching duties was one of the most recurrent themes. In clinical training and due to faculty inaccessibility, students had to rely on themselves or their senior peers in training. The social climate was perceived negatively and assessment was described as unfair and biased. Discussion: The findings of this study showcased the continuing deterioration of the clinical learning environment at Damascus University. It is hoped that these findings will encourage decision makers to introduce a comprehensive reform that addresses the curriculum, teaching practices and assessment procedures in clinical professional training.
Effect of Notching on Three-Ply Southern Pine Cross-Laminated Timber Panel Stiffness and Strength
Authors: Spinelli Correa Laurice Mara , Shmulsky Rubin , Ross Robert J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Considering the high demand for housing and the ongoing environmental issues our society faces, it's crucial to opt for more ecofriendly materials for building purposes. In that scenario, engineered wood products play an important role as they are not only based on a sustainable material but also can reduce the carbon footprint from construction. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is one of the products that could expand wood products use while keeping up with low and mid-rise building needs. Although CLT use has been expanding in the United States for the last few years, there is still a high necessity for understanding this composite behavior. One of those needs is assessing the effect of notching on the panels and measuring strength reduction as well as possible reinforcement methods. The goal of this project was to evaluate the performance of CLT panels focusing on strength and stiffness properties. Mechanical bending testing of three-ply southern pine CLT samples was performed to evaluate the influence of notches and stitching reinforcement on panels. The strength reduction caused by notching was successfully measured. Control samples supported significantly higher loads than notched samples. However, it was found that the deeper the notch, the more effective the stitching can be regarding strength. Control samples presented cross-grain tension and splintering tension failure modes, whereas notched samples presented simple tension failure mode. The findings of this work are of great value toward updating manufacturing, design, and use criteria for notched CLT panels and can be potentially used in future building codes.
Influence of Local Density on Concentrated Static Load Performance of Oriented Strandboard
Authors: Chen Siguo , Knudson Robert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Fourteen 1,220 by 2,440 by 11.1-mm commercial Oriented Strandboard (OSB) panels were X-ray scanned to obtain horizontal density matrices. Localized densities around the concentrated static load (CSL) testing points of the panels were calculated prior to the CSL test. A linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of the localized density on CSL performance. The results indicated that both deflection and ultimate load were highly correlated with the local density. Deflection and ultimate load were somewhat correlated (R2 = 0.52). The CSL deflection decreased and ultimate load increased significantly with increasing local density. The impact of local density on ultimate load was greater than on deflection. Horizontal density variation is inherent in OSB manufacturing processes, especially in the mat forming process. A number of factors, including evenness of strands in the metering bin, condition of picker rolls and dissolving rolls, and strand and fines surging, can affect horizontal density distribution. OSB panels with a high degree of variation in horizontal panel density may cause low density spots that increase the chance of failure in CSL test. It is therefore crucial to minimize the occurrence of very low density areas in order to reduce the odds of ultimate load failure. Reducing density variability allows OSB companies to increase the CSL properties of their products, which would otherwise need to be done by making the panel denser. Improving horizontal density uniformity allows for lowering of the average panel density, which reduces the manufacturing cost and helps improve the company's bottom line.
Effect of the time to antivenom administration on recovery from snakebite envenoming-related coagulopathy in French Guiana
Authors: Houcke Stéphanie , Pujo Jean Marc , Vauquelin Segolene , Lontsi Ngoula Guy Roger , Matheus Severine , NkontCho Flaubert , Pierre-Demar Magalie , Gutiérrez José María , Resiere Dabor , Hommel Didier , Kallel Hatem 
Published: April 2023

Background
Snakebite (SB) envenoming is an acute emergency requiring an early care delivery. We aimed to search for the time to reach healthcare facilities in various regions of French Guiana (FG) and to assess the impact of time to antivenom (AV) on the correction of coagulation parameters in these patients.

Methodology
This is a prospective observational study conducted in Cayenne General Hospital between January 1st, 2016, and July 31st, 2022. We included all patients hospitalized for SB envenoming less than 48h after the bite, and receiving antivenom (AV). We assessed the time lapse between SB and medical attention and the time needed to return of the coagulation parameters to normal.

Principal findings
Overall, 119 patients were investigated, and 48.7% were from remote areas. The median time from SB to AV therapy was 09:15 h (05:32–17:47). The time was longer in patients from remote rural locations. AV was dispensed within the first six hours after the SB in 45 cases (37.8%). Time from SB to reaching normal plasma fibrinogen concentration was 23:27 h (20:00–27:10) in patients receiving AV≤6h vs. 31:23 h (24:00–45:05) in those receiving AV>6h (p<0.001). Whereas, the time from AV administration to reach normal fibrinogen dosage was similar in the two groups.

Conclusions
Patients from rural settings in FG suffer from a delay in AV administration after SB envenoming leading to an extended time in which patients are coagulopathic. Once AV is administered, clotting parameters recover at a similar rate. Supplying remote healthcare facilities with AV and with medical teams trained on its use should be planned.
The relationship between physicians’ self-kindness and professional fulfillment and the mediating role of personal resilience and work-home interference: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bogerd Rosa , Debets Maarten P. M. , Keuken Debby G. , Hassink Rutger J. , Henriques José P. S. , Lombarts Kiki M. J. M. H. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Professional fulfillment is crucial for physicians’ well-being and optimal patient care. Highly demanding work environments, perfectionism and self-critical attitudes jeopardize physicians’ professional fulfillment.

Objective
To explore to what extent a kinder attitude towards the self, i.e. self-kindness, was associated with physicians’ professional fulfillment and whether this relationship was mediated by personal resilience and work-home interference.

Methods
In 2020, cardiologists (n = 374) in the Netherlands participated in a web-based survey. Self-kindness was measured by the self-kindness subscale of the Self-Compassion Scale, personal resilience by the Brief Resilience Scale, work-home interference by the negative Work-Home Interference subscale of the Survey Work-Home Interaction–Nijmegen, and professional fulfillment by the corresponding subscale of the Professional Fulfillment Index. Using Hayes’ SPSS macro PROCESS v3.5, the authors tested the parallel mediation model.

Results
Self-kindness was not directly associated with professional fulfillment (direct effect = .042, p = .36, 95% CI: -0.048, 0.132). Self-kindness was indirectly related to professional fulfillment through individual resilience (indirect effect = .049, 95% CI: .020, 0.086) and work-home interference (indirect effect = .057, 95% CI: .023, 096).

Conclusions
This study suggests that improving physicians’ self-kindness may enhance professional fulfillment through personal resilience and work-home interference. Our findings may stimulate and remind physicians to be kind towards themselves as it may benefit them and their patients.
Development and evaluation of an extra-curricular programme focussing on high impact career opportunities for medical professionals
Authors: Bansal Akhil , Pusey Joseph , Shah Rahul , Tolley Abraham 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundMany medical professionals seek to do good through their careers, which may involve pursuing non-clinical options such as research, policy, or education in addition to clinical work. Working out which paths will lead to the largest social impact is a challenging question and of interest to many doctors. However, there are few, if any, services that use an impact-oriented framework to support doctors who want to make career decisions based on impact.ObjectivesTo describe the development of an 8-week fellowship programme to introduce medical professionals to careers paths and focus areas which could lead to a particularly large social impact. And to evaluate the programme in terms of engagement, utility, changes in knowledge and career attitudes of participants.MethodsThe ADDIE instructional design model was used to design and evaluate this fellowship programme. An 8-week curriculum was designed by medical professionals and delivered to medical students and doctors around the world utilising a flipped learning style. Quantitative and qualitative data on the programme were collected and analysed.ResultsThere was more demand for the programme than anticipated. We found that the fellowship was engaging and useful to medical students and doctors. It resulted in an increase in knowledge and skills on how to consider impact in one’s own career and a change in participants’ attitudes and behaviours, with some participants making changes to their career and charitable giving following the programme.ConclusionsWe believe an impact-orientated, practical co-curricular programme is valuable to medical professionals exploring impactful career options and there is demand for further programmes in this space.
Leaving no disease behind: The roadmap to securing universal health security and what this means for the surveillance of infectious diseases in Ghana as a precedent for sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mahama Peter N-jonaam , Kabo-bah Amos Tiereyangn , Falchetta Giacomo , Blanford Justine I. , Yamba Edmund Ilimoan , Antwi-Agyei Prince , Asiedu-Bekoe Franklin , Awuah Esi , Yieri Justin 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Ghana is the first country in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to aim for universal health coverage (UHC). Based on Ghana’s UHC system, the accessibility and distribution of healthcare facilities were evaluated for 2020. Projecting into 2030, this study aimed at providing geographical information data for guiding future policies on siting required healthcare facilities. Ghana as a precedent for SSA was evaluated and proposed to “leave no disease behind” in the surveillance of infectious diseases (IDs). This is to reinforce the sustainable development goals (SDG) 3 agenda on health that underpins monitoring equity in “leaving no one behind.”

Methods
Geospatial accessibility, travel time data, and algorithms were employed to evaluate the universality and accessibility of healthcare facilities, and their future projections to meet UHC by 2030. Healthcare facilities as surveillance sites were compared to community-based surveillance to identify which would be more applicable as a surveillance system to leave no disease behind in Ghana.

Findings
Ghana has 93.8%, 6.1% and 0.1% as primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities respectively. It has 26.1% of healthcare facilities remaining to meet the SDG 3 health target by 2030. In terms of providing quality healthcare, 29.3% and 67.2% of the additional required healthcare facilities for optimal allocation and achieving the UHC target need to be secondary and tertiary respectively. In assessing the broad spectrum of IDs studied from 2000 to 2020, an average of 226 IDs were endemic or potentially endemic to Ghana. The majority of the studies carried out to identify these IDs were done through community-based surveillance.

Conclusion
Establishing community-based surveillance sites to leave no disease behind and also providing the required healthcare facilities to reinforce leaving no one behind will enhance the universal health security of Ghana as a precedent for SSA.
G. Carrasco Serrano (coord.), Religión y cultos en la Meseta sur de Hispania durante época romana
Authors: Ortiz de Bruguera Jorge 
Published: April 2023

La presente monografía, suma de las ponencias que tuvieron lugar en el coloquio sobre Cultos y religión romana en Castilla-La Mancha, que se celebró en la Facultad de Letras de Ciudad Real, durante los días 26-27 de septiembre de 2019, y que fue organizado por Gregorio Carrasco Serrano, ofrece un estado de la cuestión, así como una revisión y puesta el día, sobre cómo fueron evolucionando los cultos en la Meseta Sur de Hispania durante la época de la dominación romana. Para ello, los diversos autores no solo recurren a los datos proporcionados por los nuevos hallazgos, sino a las consideraciones introducidas por los más recientes enfoques metodológicos y a un amplio abanico de fuentes, a saber, las epigráficas, las arqueológicas, las literarias, etc. El resultado de todo lo anterior, es que lo relativo a los cultos romanos en esta parte de la Meseta se ha abordado desde una gran variedad de puntos de puntos vista, que no solo se ciñen a cómo los dioses viejos fueron dejando paso a los nuevos, sino a cómo la nueva religión tuvo sus repercusiones en muchos otros ámbitos, desde el político hasta la propia forma de concebir y organizar las ciudades.
O ensino da leitura com o gênero tirinha a partir da Linguística do Texto
Authors: Gonçalves Andriele Bairros , Coelho Naura Letícia Nascimento 
Published: April 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a reelaboração de uma atividade para a disciplina de Língua Portuguesa envolvendo interpretação através do gênero tirinha que encontra-se no livro didático de Língua Portuguesa, do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental, disponibilizado à turma durante o ano letivo de 2020. O objetivo foi realizar uma análise da atividade para, a partir dessa, propor uma nova perspectiva interpretativa e também a ampliação da mesma, levando em consideração o ensino de leitura teorizado na Linguística do Texto (doravante LT). Para fundamentar tal prática, recorreu-se ao aporte teórico de Koch (2015) na LT, a fim de subsidiar as discussões propostas; contribuíram também Schneuwly et al. (2004), Koch e Elias (2014b), Köche e Marinello (2015) para o ensino de gêneros textuais, e Koch e Elias (2014a) para o trabalho com leitura. Considerando a metodologia qualitativa, a qual permite considerar o contexto de aprendizagem dos estudantes, foi possível a (re)significação da atividade do livro didático, dado que, ao elaborar a ampliação de uma atividade pronta do livro, percebe-se o quão é pertinente trabalhar com a LT em sala de aula, uma vez que a teoria admite potencializar e ampliar as propostas de leitura e interpretação presentes nos livros didáticos.
ASPECTOS REGULATÓRIOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MEDICAMENTOS VETERINÁRIOS EM ESCALA MAGISTRAL E INDUSTRIAL
Authors: De Jesus Larissa Ferreira , De Andrade Diego Fontana , Paese Karina 
Published: April 2023

O segmento de produtos para saúde animal tem crescido constantemente, refletindo em um aumento na produção de medicamentos veterinários e preparações magistrais veterinárias. Neste cenário, uma análise crítica do arcabouço legal ao exercício da farmácia veterinária é necessária. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, por meio da busca por artigos científicos nas bases de dados PubMed, Science Direct e Scielo, além de uma consulta ao ordenamento jurídico vigente pertinente ao tema. Foram recuperados 193 documentos, entre artigos científicos e normas jurídicas. Após os processos de triagem e avaliação da elegibilidade, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente estabelecidos, 36 referências foram incluídas na revisão. A análise da literatura demonstra que a preparação magistral veterinária se destaca pela possibilidade de personalizar produtos para cada animal, sendo atribuição do farmacêutico avaliar a prescrição, manipular, supervisionar e orientar quanto ao uso da formulação prescrita. Na indústria de medicamentos veterinários, embora a legislação faculte aos médicos veterinários atuarem como responsáveis técnicos, tanto pelos produtos farmacêuticos quanto pelos estabelecimentos que os produzem, se consideradas as particularidades da formação técnico-científica, o farmacêutico é o profissional que se mostra mais capacitado para assumir esse papel. Dessa forma, ao revisar as normas legais e infralegais referentes à farmácia veterinária, constata-se a necessidade de uma reestruturação das normas administrativas vigentes.
QUAIS SÃO AS BARREIRAS QUE O FARMACÊUTICO PODE ENFRENTAR NA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO TRATAMENTO DIRETO OBSERVADOR CONTRA A TUBERCULOSE?
Authors: Rocha Jaqueline Alves Ribeiro , Carneiro Andresa dos Reis , Capobiango Sandra Aparecida Oliveira , Costa-Oliveira Claudete , Ramos Ygor Jessé 
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo esclarecer quais são as diversas barreiras que o farmacêutico pode enfrentar no combate contra a tuberculose, utilizando como ferramenta principal o programa Tratamento Direto Observador (TDO), ofertado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), através do método de revisão integrativa. Após análise e comparação com documento oficial governamental, destacou-se a atuação do farmacêutico em benefício à diminuição do número de ocorrências e na diminuição de agravos e danos à saúde como um fator transformacional no combate à tuberculose. Foi possível destacar dez possíveis barreiras encontradas pelo farmacêutico no combate à tuberculose envolvendo o TDO. Estas perpassam questões como os fatores sociais, políticos, ambientais e econômicos, como: 1) os estigmas e preconceitos do ciclo de convivência social; 2) a desigualdade econômica do usuário; 3) a falta de esclarecimento cultural sobre a patologia; 4) o medo e os sentimentos negativos dos próprios pacientes; 5) os efeitos adversos dos medicamentos; 6) a resistência bacteriana na farmacoterapia; 7) o tempo longo de tratamento; 8) a irresponsabilidade da equipe multidisciplinar ao paciente; 9) a política pública de saúde; e 10) o aumento de casos de abandono da terapia. Por fim, o TDO pode ser uma estratégia interessante para atuação do profissional farmacêutico.