bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not Just a Participation Trophy? Advancing Public Interests through Advisory Opinions at the International Court of Justice
Authors: Hofbauer Jane A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
International procedural law remains largely party-oriented and directed at the preservation of individual interests. A tension therefore arises when the ICJ is asked to adjudicate “public interest norms”. Against this background, one might ask whether advisory opinions by the ICJ might serve as a more appropriate forum for protecting and enforcing public interests. Among others, they might prove better equipped for, e.g., clarifying and interpreting public interest obligations without a breach thereof necessarily having already occurred, or in the case of breaches by multiple parties. However, among the generally low numbers of requests for opinions by the ICJ so far only two can be classified as “traditional public interest litigation”. Recent initiatives on “community-oriented” interests have not (yet) moved forward, leaving their true potential open for debate.
The article focuses on the ICJ’s procedural framework in advisory proceedings and its suitability as a forum for enforcing public interests. The argument is made that while indeed several rationales can be identified which make this procedure a seemingly well-suited format for public interest litigation, the filing of requests is often subject to political hurdles and dependent on the overall perception of the Court’s exercise of its judicial function. This is rounded off by a discussion of different proposals and an assessment whether these might lead to a strengthening of the Court’s competence when it comes to serving as a forum for “public interest litigation.”
The Norwegian trc
Authors: Broderstad Else Grete , Josefsen Eva 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In 2018, the Norwegian Parliament appointed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate the Norwegianisation policy and injustice against the Sámi and Kven/Norwegian Finns. We focus on the commission’s public engagement, and emphasise Sámi and Kven/Norwegian Finns’ perceptions and expectations in relation to these efforts. The mandate’s goal is to establish a common understanding of the past and broader knowledge about our common history. We ask how the Norwegian trc made use of the scope of action provided by its mandate’s outreach elements and conclude that there is a discrepancy between the expectations arising from the mandate and the actual public engagement of the commission. We distinguish between the interactive processes of coordinating among policy actors and communication between political actors; and ‘micro-truth’ as personal narratives and ‘macro-truth’ as framework for public structures. The research is based on document studies, the study of recorded open meetings and media, and interviews.
Sleep disturbances are associated with irritability in ASD children with sensory sensitivities
Authors: Molcho-Haimovich Alona , Tikotzky Liat , Meiri Gal , Ilan Michal , Michaelovski Analya , Schtaierman Hen , Golan Hava M. , Sadaka Yair , Menashe Idan , Dinstein Ilan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Parent reports suggest that 44–84% of children with ASD exhibit sleep disturbances that are of clinical concern. Previous studies have reported that, in children with ASD, the severity of sleep disturbances is associated with the severity of either sensory problems or aberrant behaviors, but none have performed combined analyses with measures of both sensory and aberrant behaviors symptom domains from the same children.

Methods
We examined parent reports of 237 children with ASD, 1.4–8.7 years old, using the child sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ), sensory profile (SP), and aberrant behaviors checklist (ABC).

Results
The analyses revealed that sleep disturbances were most strongly associated with SP sensory sensitivity and ABC irritability scores. Together these scores explained 35% of the variance in total CSHQ scores. Moreover, sensory sensitivity scores moderated the association between irritability and sleep disturbances, indicating that sleep disturbances were significantly associated with irritability only in children with moderate to severe sensory sensitivities.

Conclusion
We suggest that the three symptom domains may interact and exacerbate each other such that successful intervention in one symptom domain may have positive impact on the others. Further intervention studies testing this hypothesis are highly warranted.
Taming transposable elements in livestock and poultry: a review of their roles and applications
Authors: Zhao Pengju , Peng Chen , Fang Lingzhao , Wang Zhengguang , Liu George E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLivestock and poultry play a significant role in human nutrition by converting agricultural by-products into high-quality proteins. To meet the growing demand for safe animal protein, genetic improvement of livestock must be done sustainably while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Transposable elements (TE) are important components of livestock and poultry genomes, contributing to their genetic diversity, chromatin states, gene regulatory networks, and complex traits of economic value. However, compared to other species, research on TE in livestock and poultry is still in its early stages. In this review, we analyze 72 studies published in the past 20 years, summarize the TE composition in livestock and poultry genomes, and focus on their potential roles in functional genomics. We also discuss bioinformatic tools and strategies for integrating multi-omics data with TE, and explore future directions, feasibility, and challenges of TE research in livestock and poultry. In addition, we suggest strategies to apply TE in basic biological research and animal breeding. Our goal is to provide a new perspective on the importance of TE in livestock and poultry genomes.
Starvar: symptom-based tool for automatic ranking of variants using evidence from literature and genomes
Authors: Kafkas Șenay , Abdelhakim Marwa , Uludag Mahmut , Althagafi Azza , Alghamdi Malak , Hoehndorf Robert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Identifying variants associated with diseases is a challenging task in medical genetics research. Current studies that prioritize variants within individual genomes generally rely on known variants, evidence from literature and genomes, and patient symptoms and clinical signs. The functionalities of the existing tools, which rank variants based on given patient symptoms and clinical signs, are restricted to the coverage of ontologies such as the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). However, most clinicians do not limit themselves to HPO while describing patient symptoms/signs and their associated variants/genes. There is thus a need for an automated tool that can prioritize variants based on freely expressed patient symptoms and clinical signs.

Results
STARVar is a Symptom-based Tool for Automatic Ranking of Variants using evidence from literature and genomes. STARVar uses patient symptoms and clinical signs, either linked to HPO or expressed in free text format. It returns a ranked list of variants based on a combined score from two classifiers utilizing evidence from genomics and literature. STARVar improves over related tools on a set of synthetic patients. In addition, we demonstrated its distinct contribution to the domain on another synthetic dataset covering publicly available clinical genotype–phenotype associations by using symptoms and clinical signs expressed in free text format.

Conclusions
STARVar stands as a unique and efficient tool that has the advantage of ranking variants with flexibly expressed patient symptoms in free-form text. Therefore, STARVar can be easily integrated into bioinformatics workflows designed to analyze disease-associated genomes.

Availability
STARVar is freely available from https://github.com/bio-ontology-research-group/STARVar.
Blood monocyte and dendritic cell profiles among people living with HIV with Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection
Authors: Rambaran Santhuri , Maseko Thando Glory , Lewis Lara , Hassan-Moosa Razia , Archary Derseree , Ngcapu Sinaye , Garrett Nigel , McKinnon Lyle R. , Padayatchi Nesri , Naidoo Kogieleum , Sivro Aida 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Understanding the complex interactions of the immune response mediated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infection is fundamental to disease biomarker discovery, vaccine, and drug development. Using flow cytometry, we characterized the frequencies and phenotypic differences in monocytes and dendritic cell populations using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with recurrent, active pulmonary tuberculosis with and without coexisting HIV infection (CAPRISA 011, Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02114684, 29/01/2014) and compared them to samples from HIV positive individuals and healthy controls. Additionally, we assessed the associations between the frequency of monocyte and dendritic cell subsets and time to culture conversion and cavitary disease in patients with active TB using a cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models.

Results
Compared to healthy controls, the frequency of total monocytes (HLA-DR + CD14 +) was significantly higher in the TB/HIV and TB groups and the frequency of dendritic cells (HLA-DR + CD14-) was significantly higher in TB/HIV and HIV groups. We observed significant variation in the expression of CCR2, CD40, CD11b, CD86, CD163, CX3CR1 across different cell subsets in the four study groups. Increase in CCR2, CD11b and CD40 was associated with active TB infection, while decrease in CX3CR1 and increase in CD163 was associated with HIV infection. Expression of CX3CR1 (aHR 0.98, 95% CI 0.963 – 0.997, p = 0.019) on non-classical monocytes associated with longer time to TB culture conversion in the multivariable model correcting for randomization arm, age, sex, HIV status, lung cavitation, alcohol use, smoking and BMI. Higher surface expression of CD86 (aOR 1.017, 95% CI 1.001 – 1.032, p = 0.033) on intermediate monocytes associated with the presence of lung cavitation, while higher expression of transitional monocytes (aOR 0.944, 95% CI 0.892 – 0.999, p = 0.047) associated with the absence of lung cavitation in the multivariable model.

Conclusion
These data provide valuable insight into the heterogenous role of monocyte and dendritic cells in TB and HIV infections.
Trajectories of physical function and quality of life in people with osteoarthritis: results from a 10-year population-based cohort
Authors: Costa Daniela , Lopes David G. , Cruz Eduardo B. , Henriques Ana R. , Branco Jaime , Canhão Helena , Rodrigues Ana M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To identify long-term trajectories of physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis (HKOA) and the sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors associated with different trajectories.

Methods
Participants with HKOA from the EpiDoC study, a 10-year follow-up (2011–2021) population-based cohort, were considered. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables were collected at baseline in a structured interview and clinical appointment. Physical function and HRQoL were evaluated with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and EuroQoL, respectively, at baseline and the three follow-ups. Group-based trajectory modeling identified physical function and HRQoL trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression analyzed the associations between the covariates of interest and trajectory assignment (p < 0.05).

Results
We included 983 participants with HKOA. We identified three trajectories for each outcome: “consistently low disability” (32.0%), “slightly worsening moderate disability” (47.0%), and “consistently high disability” (21.0%) for physical function; “consistently high HRQoL” (18.3%), “consistently moderate HRQoL” (48.4%) and “consistently low HRQoL” (33.4%) for HRQoL. Age ≥ 75 years, female sex, multimorbidity, and high baseline clinical severity were associated with higher risk of assignment to poorer physical function and HRQoL trajectories. Participants with high education level and with regular physical activity had a lower risk of assignment to a poor trajectory. Unmanageable pain levels increased the risk of assignment to the “consistently moderate HRQoL” trajectory.

Conclusion
Although the trajectories of physical function and HRQoL remained stable over 10 years, approximately 70% of people with HKOA maintained moderate or low physical function and HRQoL over this period. Modifiable risk factors like physical activity, multimorbidity and clinical severity were associated with poorer physical function and HRQoL trajectories. These risk factors may be considered in tailored healthcare interventions.
Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with early rehabilitation therapy on mechanically ventilated patients: a prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Liu Ying , Gong Yangyang , Zhang Chaofan , Meng Pingping , Gai Yubiao , Han Xiaoning , Yuan Zhiyong , Xing Jinyan , Dong Zehua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) blended with early rehabilitation on the diaphragm and skeletal muscle in sufferers on mechanical ventilation (MV).

Method
This is a prospective randomized controlled study. Eighty patients on MV for respiratory failure were divided into a study group (40 cases) and a control group (40 cases) randomly. The study group adopted a treatment method of NMES combined with early rehabilitation and the control group adopted the method of early rehabilitation only. The diaphragmatic excursion (DE), diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF), variation of thickness of intercostal muscles (TIM), variation of thickness of rectus abdominis (TRA), and variation of the cross-sectional area of rectus femoris (CSA-RF) were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effect by ultrasound before and after intervention at the first day of MV, the 3rd and 7th day of intervention and the day discharged from ICU.

Results
No significant difference was found in the general demographic information and ultrasound indicators between the two groups before treatment (all P > 0.05). After treatment, the variation of DTF (0.15 ± 0.05% vs. 0.12 ± 0.04%, P = 0.034) was significantly higher in the study group than that in the control group on the day discharged from ICU. The variation of TRA (0.05 ± 0.09% vs. 0.10 ± 0.11%, P = 0.029) and variation of CSA-RF (0.13 ± 0.07% vs. 0.19 ± 0.08%, P < 0.001) in the study group were significantly lower than that in the control group. The duration of MV in the study group was significantly shorter than that in the control group [109.5 (88.0, 213.0) hours vs. 189.5 (131.5, 343.5) hours, P = 0.023]. The study group had better muscle strength score than the control group at discharge (52.20 ± 11.70 vs. 44.10 ± 15.70, P = 0.011).

Conclusion
NMES combined with early rehabilitation therapy is beneficial in reducing muscle atrophy and improving muscle strength in mechanically ventilated patients. This treatment approach may provide a new option for patients to choose a rehabilitation program; however, more research is needed to fully evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment option.
Authentication of milk thistle commercial products using UHPLC-QTOF-ESI + MS metabolomics and DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Raclariu-Manolică Ancuța Cristina , Mauvisseau Quentin , Paranaiba Renato , De Boer Hugo J. , Socaciu Carmen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Milk thistle is one of the most popular hepatoprotectants, and is often sold in combination with other ingredients. Botanical supplements are known to be vulnerable to contamination and adulteration, and emerging technologies show promise to improve their quality control.

Methods
Untargeted and semi-targeted metabolomics based on UHPLC-QTOF-ESI+MS techniques, UV spectrometry, and DNA metabarcoding using Illumina MiSeq were used to authenticate eighteen milk thistle botanical formulations (teas, capsules, tablets, emulsion).

Results
Untargeted metabolomics separated 217 molecules and by multivariate analysis the discrimination between the different preparations was established. The semi-targeted metabolomics focused on 63 phytochemicals, mainly silymarin flavonolignans and flavonoids, that may be considered as putative biomarkers of authenticity. All formulations contained molecules from silymarin complexes at different levels. The quantitative evaluation of silybins was done using in parallel UV spectrometry and UHPLC-QTOF-ESI+MS and their correlations were compared. DNA metabarcoding detected milk thistle in eleven out of sixteen retained preparations, whereas two others had incomplete evidence of milk thistle despite metabolomics validating specific metabolites, e.g., silymarin complex, identified and quantified in all samples. Meanwhile, the DNA metabarcoding provided insights into the total species composition allowing the interpretation of the results in a broad context.

Conclusion
Our study emphasizes that combining spectroscopic, chromatographic, and genetic techniques bring complementary information to guarantee the quality of the botanical formulations.
Can the performance of pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr nets be reduced when combined with pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide (PBO) nets?
Authors: Syme Thomas , Nounagnon Judicaël , N’dombidjé Boris , Gbegbo Martial , Agbevo Abel , Ahoga Juniace , Ngufor Corine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr (CFP) and pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide (PBO) nets are being scaled across endemic countries to improve control of malaria transmitted by pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. CFP is a pro-insecticide requiring activation by mosquito cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes (P450s) while PBO improves pyrethroid potency by inhibiting the action of these enzymes in pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. The inhibitory action of PBO against P450s may thus reduce the efficacy of pyrethroid-CFP nets when applied inside the same household as pyrethroid-PBO nets.

Methods
Two experimental hut trials were performed to evaluate the entomological impact of two different types of pyrethroid-CFP ITN (Interceptor® G2, PermaNet® Dual) when applied alone and in combination with pyrethroid-PBO ITNs (DuraNet® Plus, PermaNet® 3.0) against a pyrethroid-resistant vector population in southern Benin. In both trials, all net types were tested as single and double net treatments. Bioassays were also performed to assess the resistance profile of the vector population at the hut site and investigate interactions between CFP and PBO.

Results
The vector population was susceptible to CFP but exhibited a high intensity of pyrethroid resistance that was overcame by PBO pre-exposure. Vector mortality was significantly lower in huts with combinations of pyrethroid-CFP nets plus pyrethroid-PBO nets compared to huts with two pyrethroid-CFP nets (74% vs. 85% for Interceptor® G2 and 57% vs. 83% for PermaNet® Dual, p < 0.001). PBO pre-exposure reduced the toxicity of CFP in bottle bioassays suggesting this effect may be partly attributable to antagonism between CFP and PBO. Higher levels of vector mortality were observed in huts with net combinations that included pyrethroid-CFP nets compared to those that did not and highest mortality was achieved when pyrethroid-CFP nets were applied alone as two nets together (83–85%).

Conclusions
This study shows evidence of a reduced performance of pyrethroid-CFP nets when combined with pyrethroid-PBO ITNs compared to when applied alone and higher efficacy with net combinations that included pyrethroid-CFP nets. These findings suggest that in similar contexts, prioritizing distribution of pyrethroid-CFP nets over other net types would maximize vector control impact.
Carbon nanoparticles localized clipped node dissection combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy with indocyanine green and methylene blue after neoadjuvant therapy in node positive breast cancer in China: initial results of a prospective study
Authors: Yang Xin , Li Yao , Ren Xiao-tian , Fan Lei , Hua Bin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of applying carbon nanoparticles (CNs) to visualize clip-marked metastatic nodes in combination with indocyanine green (ICG) and methylene blue (MB) as sentinel lymph node (SLN) tracers for targeted axillary dissection (TAD) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT).

Methods
This feasibility trial enrolled 40 patients with node-positive breast cancer, and 38 patients completed NAT and surgery were included in the final analysis. Before NAT or surgery, clip-marked nodes were localized with CNs by ultrasonography. After NAT, the clip-marked nodes were removed under the guidance of carbon-tattooing and confirmed by radiography. SLNs were mapped with ICG and MB. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed for all patients after TAD.

Results
The clip-marked nodes were retrieved in all patients. The SLN identification rate was 100%. 29 of 38 clipped-nodes were SLNs. The false-negative rate was 6.25% (2/32,95% CI:1.09% ~ 22.22%) for TAD nodes and 9.38% (3/32,95% CI 3.24%-24.22%) for SLNs, and 18.75% for clipped-nodes (6/32, 95% CI:7.86% ~ 37.04%). No adverse events were reported during clip placement, CNs localization, or the TAD procedure.

Conclusions
The TAD procedure with CNs to locate and visualize clipped nodes as well as SLN tracing with ICG and MB has good accessibility in China, and this technique could be easily mastered by experienced surgeons. The modified TAD technique has also demonstrated good predictive ability for residual axillary lesions after NAT, and is worth of further evaluation.