bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival times of HIV/AIDS in different AIDS Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines from 2006 to 2020 in Liuzhou, China
Authors: Ke Susu , Fang Quan , Lan Jianguo , Qiao Nini , Zhang Xinhong , Xie Changping , Fan Yinguang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
To compare the survival rates of four timing of treatment initiation for people living with HIV/AIDS provided in China in 2006, 2011, 2015, and 2018, and to investigate the factors impacting survival time.

Methods
A people living with HIV/AIDS retrospective cohort study was in Liuzhou City from April 2006 to December 2020. The information was obtained from the National Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System. Life tables and the Kaplan–Meier method were used to calculate participant survival rates and time. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to investigate the factors related to survival.

Results
18,543 participants were included in this study. In four periods, the 1-year survival rates were 81%, 87%, 95%, and 95%. The 2-year survival rates were 76%, 85%, 93%, and 94%. The 3-year survival rates were 73%, 84%, 92%, and 94%. Results of multivariate Cox regression showed that sex, age of HIV diagnosis, ethnicity, household registration, occupation, marital status, the timing of treatment, education level, route of HIV transmission, whether receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the count of CD4+T cells at baseline (count of CD4+T cells at HIV diagnosis) were factors that are significantly correlated with mortality caused by HIV infection.

Conclusions
With the Guidelines updated from 2006 to 2020, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of people living with HIV/AIDS in four periods tended to increase. The timing of treatment initiation of the updated edition of the AIDS Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines (Guidelines) significantly prolonged the survival time of people living with HIV/AIDS.
Is Mutans Streptococci count a risk predictor of Early Childhood Caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Manchanda Sheetal , Sardana Divesh , Peng Simin , Lo Edward C. M. , Chandwani Neeta , K. Y. Yiu Cynthia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The review aims to determine the risk predictability of mutans streptococci in the development of carious lesions in children with primary dentition.

Methods
Longitudinal observational studies with at least 6 months follow-up and evaluating mutans streptococci presence in caries-free children under 6 years of age for the development of any cavitated or non-cavitated carious lesion. Six databases and grey literature were searched without any restrictions. Risk of bias was evaluated using the New Castle Ottawa scale for longitudinal studies, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation using GRADEpro software. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effect (DerSimonian and Laird, DL) model, and heterogeneity was evaluated using tau-squared, I2 statistics and prediction interval. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the mutans streptococci presence at baseline and the caries development, according to the sample and methods used for the microbiological assessment and the length of follow-up of the studies. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot using a random effect (DerSimonian and Laird, DL) model.

Results
Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Four studies received a maximum of 9 stars, and among the remaining eight studies, six received 8 stars and the rest two studies were assigned 7 stars in the risk of bias scale. After pooling the results quantitatively, odds ratio (OR) was found to be 4.13 (95% CI: 3.33, 5.12), suggesting that children with mutans streptococci had 4 times higher odds of developing caries later (p < 0.001). Four studies were pooled to compare future caries experience among children with and without mutans streptococci at baseline, obtaining standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.33, 1.37), indicating a large effect (p < 0.001). Certainty of evidence was found to be moderate, and no publication bias was reported by the funnel plot criteria of symmetry.

Conclusions
Presence of mutans streptococci in a preschool child is a risk predictor for future caries experience. Early identification of children with increased caries-risk may facilitate in implementation of appropriate preventive strategies.
Physicians’ assessment of the Bavarian drug-expenditure control system: a qualitative study
Authors: Zeschick Nikoletta , Gollnick Julia , Muth Julia , Hörbrand Franziska , Killian Peter , Donner-Banzhoff Norbert , Kühlein Thomas , Sebastião Maria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
In 2014 a new system for drug expenditures, the Wirkstoffvereinbarung (WSV, English: Active substance agreement) was implemented in Bavaria. In pre-defined indication groups, economic prescription of medications shall be enabled based on the selection, quantity, and proportion of an individual drug. Ambulatory care physicians receive quarterly trend reports on their prescribing behavior. This study examines physicians’ perceptions of the WSV.

Methods
Qualitative interviews (n = 20) and seven focus groups (n = 36) were conducted with ambulatory care physicians (e.g. general practitioners, cardiologists, pulmonologists). The methodology followed Qualitative Content Analysis.

Results
Physicians generally accepted the necessity of prescribing economically. The majority of them rated the WSV positively and better than the previous system. As an improvement, they especially named timely feedback in form of easily understandable trend reports, encouraging self-reflection as well as allowing early control options. Problems perceived were drug discount contracts that were strongly criticized as leading to patients mixing up medications. Some perceived constraints of therapeutic freedom.

Conclusions
The implementation of the WSV is mostly viewed positively by physicians. The restrictions of therapeutic freedom partially perceived might be met by improved information on the reasons why some drugs are rated as less economical than others.

Trial registration number
Main ID: DRKS00019820 (German Register of Clinical Studies and World Health Organization).
SACE and IL-2R as serum biomarkers for evaluation of multi-organ involvement and prognosis of sarcoidosis
Authors: Zhou Ying , Chen Xianqiu , Zhao Mengmeng , Lower Elyse E. , Baughman Robert P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Serum biomarkers in the evaluation of organ involvement and prognostic monitoring of sarcoidosis have not been determined. The purpose of this study was to identify common biomarkers that could be used to assess organ involvement and monitor outcomes in sarcoidosis patients.

Methods
From Mar 2013 to Sep 2021, patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis were enrolled in this study in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. The information from medical records was retrospectively collected including diagnosis, organ involvement, laboratory tests and follow up data. Differences of continuous variables between groups were analyzed by unpaired Student’s t-test. Multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify potential independent factors associated with multiple organ involvement.

Results
A total of 832 patients were included in the study. There were 339 (40.7%) patients with single organ pulmonary involvement, while 493 (59.3%) patients had two to seven organs involved. Among the routine serum tests, only the serum angiotensin converting enzyme (SACE) level was an independent factor of multiple organ involvement. Compared to those patients without involvement, SACE levels were higher in patients with extra-thoracic lymph node, skin, or spleen involvement as well as abnormal calcium metabolism. Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) levels were higher in patients with extra-thoracic lymph node, spleen involvement and abnormal calcium metabolism than in those without it. The mean levels of SACE and IL-2R showed upward trends paralleling the increase on number of organs involved. In follow up, SACE and IL-2R levels were both decreased in an improved patient group, while there was no obvious difference was noticed before and after treatment in patients with persistent disease.

Conclusion
SACE and IL-2R were useful as serum biomarkers in the initial evaluation of organ involvement as well as monitoring prognosis in sarcoidosis.
Body mass index affects the association between plasma lipids and peripheral eosinophils in a general chinese population: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Gao Yu , Wang Xiaocheng , Gao Lan , Li Xin , Bai Weihong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Lipid metabolism affects type 2 immunity; however, the association between plasma lipids and eosinophilic inflammation in humans is uncertain. This study analysed the relationship between plasma lipids and peripheral eosinophils and whether patterns differ with different body mass indexes (BMI).

Methods
A cross-sectional survey including 62,441 healthy participants recruited from a regular health screening programme was conducted. Participants were divided into normal weight, overweight and obese subgroups according to BMI.

Results
Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that elevated logarithmic-transformed eosinophil counts (log(EOS)) significantly correlated with high total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)levels in the overall population, as well as in men and women, while certain associations between peripheral blood eosinophil percentage and serum lipids varied by gender. These correlations existed across almost all BMI subgroups, and standardised β values decreased sequentially with increasing BMI. HDL-C had the most significant effect on eosinophils in obese women. Two-factor analysis of variance showed log(EOS) increased with higher BMI and hyperlipidemia whether in male or female and a synergistic effect exists of lipid levels (TG and LDL-C) and BMI in men.

Conclusions
Blood eosinophil counts were correlated with blood lipid levels and modified by body mass index status. The effects of lipid levels and body mass index on blood eosinophil counts were synergistic. Therefore, lipid metabolism may be involved in systemic eosinophil inflammation.
Comparison of endoscopic submucosal dissection versus surgery for early gastric cancer in the elderly: a pooled analysis
Authors: Liu Fei , Wen Ze-Lin , Liu Xu-Rui , Li Zi-Wei , Lv Quan , Zhang Wei , Peng Dong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was a difference in overall survival (OS) between elderly patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and those who underwent surgery.

Methods
Four databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and CKNI were searched on March 20, 2023. The characteristics of the studies and the baseline information of the patients, including their medical histories, postoperative data, and prognoses, were recorded. Odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled up to calculate baseline information and postoperative information. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were used to calculate the prognosis of the patients. Stata V16.0 software was used for the data analysis.

Results
A total of eight studies involving 2334 patients were included for the data analysis in this study. After pooling up the data, we found that the ESD group had lower Eastern Cooperative Oncology Groupprevious (ECOG) scores (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.65, I2 = 59.69%, P = 0.00 < 0.05) than the surgery group. There were significant differences in the operation time (MD = -3.38, 95% CI = -5.19 to -1.57, I2 = 98.31%, P = 0.00 < 0.05), length of hospital stay (MD = -3.01, 95% CI = -4.81 to -1.20, I2 = 98.83%, P = 0.00 < 0.05) and hospitalization expenses (MD = -2.67, 95% CI = -3.59 to -1.75, I2 = 93.21%, P = 0.00 < 0.05) between the two groups. The ESD group had a lower OS rate (HR = 2.81, 95% CI = 2.20 to 3.58, I2 = 12.28%, P = 0.00 < 0.05).

Conclusion
Elderly patients with EGC who underwent ESD had a significantly worse OS rate than those who underwent surgery. If the patient’s condition was suitable, surgery was still recommended for these patients.
Altered H3K4me3 profile at the TFAM promoter causes mitochondrial alterations in preadipocytes from first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics
Authors: Longo Michele , Zatterale Federica , Spinelli Rosa , Naderi Jamal , Parrillo Luca , Florese Pasqualina , Nigro Cecilia , Leone Alessia , Moccia Augusta , Desiderio Antonella , Raciti Gregory A. , Miele Claudia , Smith Ulf , Beguinot Francesco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
First-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics (FDR) exhibit a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and feature subcutaneous adipocyte hypertrophy, independent of obesity. In FDR, adipose cell abnormalities contribute to early insulin-resistance and are determined by adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) early senescence and impaired recruitment into the adipogenic pathway. Epigenetic mechanisms signal adipocyte differentiation, leading us to hypothesize that abnormal epigenetic modifications cause adipocyte dysfunction and enhance T2D risk. To test this hypothesis, we examined the genome-wide histone profile in APCs from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of healthy FDR.

Results
Sequencing-data analysis revealed 2644 regions differentially enriched in lysine 4 tri-methylated H3-histone (H3K4me3) in FDR compared to controls (CTRL) with significant enrichment in mitochondrial-related genes. These included TFAM, which regulates mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and stability. In FDR APCs, a significant reduction in H3K4me3 abundance at the TFAM promoter was accompanied by a reduction in TFAM mRNA and protein levels. FDR APCs also exhibited reduced mtDNA content and mitochondrial-genome transcription. In parallel, FDR APCs exhibited impaired differentiation and TFAM induction during adipogenesis. In CTRL APCs, TFAM-siRNA reduced mtDNA content, mitochondrial transcription and adipocyte differentiation in parallel with upregulation of the CDKN1A and ZMAT3 senescence genes. Furthermore, TFAM-siRNA significantly expanded hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced senescence, while H2O2 did not affect TFAM expression.

Conclusions
Histone modifications regulate APCs ability to differentiate in mature cells, at least in part by modulating TFAM expression and affecting mitochondrial function. Reduced H3K4me3 enrichment at the TFAM promoter renders human APCs senescent and dysfunctional, increasing T2D risk.

Graphical abstract
First report of Candida auris in Romania: clinical and molecular aspects
Authors: Stanciu Adriana Mihaela , Florea Dragoș , Surleac Marius , Paraschiv Simona , Oțelea Dan , Tălăpan Daniela , Popescu Gabriel Adrian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida auris raises significant concerns for public health due to its outbreak potential, the associated high mortality, increased resistance to antifungals, challenging identification to species level, since commonly used diagnostic methods can confuse this fungus with other Candida spp. The present outbreak report describes probably some of the first Candida auris cases in Romania, providing clinical and epidemiological data, and also whole genome sequencing data. The cases were identified in three hospitals in Bucharest during the first eight months of 2022.
The burden of critical illness among adults in a Swedish region—a population-based point-prevalence study
Authors: Schell Carl Otto , Wellhagen Andreas , Lipcsey Miklós , Kurland Lisa , Bjurling-Sjöberg Petronella , Stålsby Lundborg Cecilia , Castegren Markus , Baker Tim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients with critical illness have a high risk of mortality. Key decision-making in the health system affecting the outcomes of critically ill patients requires epidemiological evidence, but the burden of critical illness is largely unknown. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of critical illness in a Swedish region. Secondary objectives were to estimate the proportion of hospital inpatients who are critically ill and to describe the in-hospital location of critically ill patients.

Methods
A prospective, multi-center, population-based, point-prevalence study on specific days in 2017–2018. All adult (> 18 years) in-patients, regardless of admitting specially, in all acute hospitals in Sörmland, and the patients from Sörmland who had been referred to university hospitals, were included. Patients in the operating theatres, with a psychiatric cause of admission, women in active labor and moribund patients, were excluded. All participants were examined by trained data collectors. Critical illness was defined as “a state of ill health with vital organ dysfunction, a high risk of imminent death if care is not provided and a potential for reversibility”. The presence of one or more severely deranged vital signs was used to classify critical illness. The prevalence of critical illness was calculated as the number of critically ill patients divided by the number of adults in the region.

Results
A total of 1269 patients were included in the study. Median age was 74 years and 50% of patients were female. Critical illness was present in 133 patients, resulting in an adult population prevalence of critical illness per 100,000 people of 19.4 (95% CI 16.4–23.0). The proportion of patients in hospital who were critically ill was 10.5% (95% CI 8.8–12.3%). Among the critically ill, 125 [95% CI 94.0% (88.4–97.0%)] were cared for in general wards.

Conclusions
The prevalence of critical illness was higher than previous, indirect estimates. One in ten hospitalized patients were critically ill, the large majority of which were cared for in general wards. This suggests a hidden burden of critical illness of potential public health, health system and hospital management significance.
CUL4B-DDB1-COP1-mediated UTX downregulation promotes colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Luo Dakui , Chen Min , Li Qingguo , Wang Kangjunjie , Wang Kaihua , Li Junqiang , Fu Guoxiang , Shan Zezhi , Liu Qi , Yang Yufei , Liang Lei , Ma Yanlei , Qin Yi , Qin Jun , Gao Daming , Li Xinxiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
UTX (encoded by KDM6A), a histone demethylase for H3K27me2/3, is frequently mutated in human cancers. However, its functional and regulatory mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry staining was used to investigate the clinical relevance of UTX in CRC. Additionally, we generated a spontaneous mouse CRC model with conditional Utx knockout to explore the role of UTX in the colorectal tumorigenesis. Post-translational regulation of UTX was determined by co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses.

Results
Herein, we identify that downregulation of UTX, mediated by the Cullin 4B-DNA Damage Binding Protein-1-Constitutive Photomorphogenesis Protein 1 (CUL4B-DDB1-COP1) complex, promotes CRC progression. Utx deletion in intestinal epithelial cells enhanced the susceptibility to tumorigenesis in AOM/DSS-induced spontaneous mouse CRC model. However, this effect is primarily alleviated by GSK126, an inhibitor of histone methyltransferase EZH2. Mechanistically, EMP1 and AUTS2 are identified as putative UTX target genes mediating UTX functions in limiting intestinal tumorigenesis. Notably, the CUL4B-DDB1-COP1 complex is identified as the functional E3 ligase responsible for targeting UTX for degradation in CRC cells. Thus, Cop1 deficiency in mouse intestinal tissue results in UTX accumulation and restricts tumorigenesis. Furthermore, patient cohort analysis reveals that UTX expression is negatively correlated with clinical stage, favorable disease outcomes, and COP1 expression.

Conclusions
In the current study, the tumor suppressor function and regulation of UTX in CRC provide a molecular basis and the rationale to target EZH2 in UTX-deficient CRC.
Longitudinal Evidence for High-Level Patellar Tendon Strain as a Risk Factor for Tendinopathy in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Mersmann Falk , Domroes Theresa , Tsai Meng-Shiuan , Pentidis Nikolaos , Schroll Arno , Bohm Sebastian , Arampatzis Adamantios 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
High tendon strain leads to sub-rupture fatigue damage and net-catabolic signaling upon repetitive loading. While high levels of tendon strain occur in adolescent athletes at risk for tendinopathy, a direct association has not yet been established. Therefore, in this prospective longitudinal study, we examined the hypothesis that adolescent athletes who develop patellar tendon pain have shown increased levels of strain in advance.

Methods
In 44 adolescent athletes (12–17 years old), patellar tendon mechanical properties were measured using ultrasonography and inverse dynamics at four time points during a season. Fourteen athletes developed clinically relevant tendon pain (SYM; i.e., reduction of the VISA-P score of at least 13 points), while 23 remained asymptomatic (ASYM; VISA-P score of > 87 points). Seven cases did not fall into one of these categories and were excluded. Tendon mechanical properties of SYM in the session before the development of symptoms were compared to a randomly selected session in ASYM.

Results
Tendon strain was significantly higher in SYM compared to ASYM (p = 0.03). The risk ratio for developing symptoms was 2.3-fold higher in athletes with tendon strain ≥9% (p = 0.026). While there was no clear evidence for systematic differences of the force applied to the tendon or tendon stiffness between SYM and ASYM (p > 0.05), subgroup analysis indicated that tendon force increased prior to the development of symptoms only in SYM (p = 0.034).

Discussio
The study provides novel longitudinal evidence that high tendon strain could be an important risk factor for patellar tendinopathy in adolescent athletes. We suggest that inadequate adaptation of tendon stiffness to increases in muscle strength may occur if adolescent athletes are subject to mechanical loading which does not provide effective tendon stimulation.
Use of subword tokenization for domain generation algorithm classification
Authors: Liew Sea Ran Cleon , Law Ngai Fong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDomain name generation algorithm (DGA) classification is an essential but challenging problem. Both feature-extracting machine learning (ML) methods and deep learning (DL) models such as convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory have been developed. However, the performance of these approaches varies with different types of DGAs. Most features in the ML methods can characterize random-looking DGAs better than word-looking DGAs. To improve the classification performance on word-looking DGAs, subword tokenization is employed for the DL models. Our experimental results proved that the subword tokenization can provide excellent classification performance on the word-looking DGAs. We then propose an integrated scheme that chooses an appropriate method for DGA classification depending on the nature of the DGAs. Results show that the integrated scheme outperformed existing ML and DL methods, and also the subword DL methods.