bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate segmentation accuracy using synthetic MRI for high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy treatment planning
Authors: Kang Hyejoo , Podgorsak Alexander R , Venkatesulu Bhanu Prasad , Saripalli Anjali L , Chou Brian , Solanki Abhishek A , Harkenrider Matthew , Shea Steven , Roeske John C , Abuhamad Mohammed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images are acquired for high-dose-rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy patients at our institution. CT is used to identify catheters and MRI is used to segment the prostate. To address scenarios of limited MRI access, we developed a novel generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate synthetic MRI (sMRI) from CT with sufficient soft-tissue contrast to provide accurate prostate segmentation without MRI (rMRI). Approach. Our hybrid GAN, PxCGAN, was trained utilizing 58 paired CT-MRI datasets from our HDR prostate patients. Using 20 independent CT-MRI datasets, the image quality of sMRI was tested using mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM). These metrics were compared with the metrics of sMRI generated using Pix2Pix and CycleGAN. The accuracy of prostate segmentation on sMRI was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance (HD) and mean surface distance (MSD) on the prostate delineated by three radiation oncologists (ROs) on sMRI versus rMRI. To estimate inter-observer variability (IOV), these metrics between prostate contours delineated by each RO on rMRI and the prostate delineated by treating RO on rMRI (gold standard) were calculated. Main results. Qualitatively, sMRI images show enhanced soft-tissue contrast at the prostate boundary compared with CT scans. For MAE and MSE, PxCGAN and CycleGAN have similar results, while the MAE of PxCGAN is smaller than that of Pix2Pix. PSNR and SSIM of PxCGAN are significantly higher than Pix2Pix and CycleGAN (p < 0.01). The DSC for sMRI versus rMRI is within the range of the IOV, while the HD for sMRI versus rMRI is smaller than the HD for the IOV for all ROs (p ≤ 0.03). Significance. PxCGAN generates sMRI images from treatment-planning CT scans that depict enhanced soft-tissue contrast at the prostate boundary. The accuracy of prostate segmentation on sMRI compared to rMRI is within the segmentation variation on rMRI between different ROs.
Shape memory polymers enable versatile magneto-active structure with 4D printability, variable stiffness, shape-morphing and effective grasping
Authors: Yao Haojie , Yu Miao , Fu Jie , Zhu Mi , Li Yaping , Li Shixu , Gan Ruyi , Zhou Hengqing , Qi Song 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Magneto-active structures with non-contact actuation, precise controllability, strong penetrability, and biological harmlessness have wide application prospects in the fields of soft robots, bionic engineering, medical treatment, and flexible transmission, among others. This paper presents the design of a magneto-active shape memory polymer (MASMP) based on a blending matrix of polycaprolactone and thermoplastic polyurethane. The aim is to enhance the environmental adaptability, manufacturability, and diversification of actuation modes of magnetic-active actuators. We conducted an analysis of the magnetic/thermal switchable mechanical properties and shape memory properties of MASMP. The results demonstrate excellent shape fixation and shape recovery rates, as well as excellent flexibility and magnetorheological effects. We fabricated flexible printing filaments with a uniform diameter by using a screw extruder, which enables high-precision 4D printing for MASMP. We printed several magneto-active structures, which demonstrated variable stiffness, shape-morphing, and shape memory capabilities. The shape-morphing performance is in good agreement with the simulation results of the design process. Furthermore, we successfully printed and assembled a flexible claw that exhibits an effective grasping and release function activated by a magnetic field. Finally, we developed a magneto-active structure with negative Poisson’s ratio, showing great potential for application in metamaterial structure.
Revisiting (2+1)-dimensional Burgers’ dynamical equations: analytical approach and Reynolds number examination
Authors: Alharbi Rawan , Alshaery A A , Bakodah H O , Nuruddeen R I , Gómez-Aguilar J F 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Classical Burgers’ equation is an indispensable dynamical evolution equation that is autonomously devised by Burgers and Harry Bateman in 1915 and 1948, respectively. This important model is featured through a nonlinear partial differential equation (NPDE). Furthermore, the model plays a crucial role in many areas of mathematical physics, including, for instance, fluid dynamics, traffic flow, nonlinear acoustics, turbulence phenomena, and linking convection and diffusion processes to state a few. Thus, in the present study, an efficient analytical approach by the name ‘generalized Riccati equation approach’ is adopted to securitize the class of (2+1)-dimensional Burgers’ equations by revealing yet another set of analytical structures to the governing single and vector-coupled Burgers’ equations. In fact, the besieged method of the solution has been proven to divulge various sets of hyperbolic, periodic, and other forms of exact solutions. Moreover, the method first begins by transforming the targeted NPDE to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NODE), and subsequently to a set of an algebraic system of equations; where the algebraic system is then solved simultaneously to obtain the solution possibilities. Lastly, certain graphical illustrations in 2- and 3-dimensional plots are set to be depicted - featuring the evolutional nature of the resulting structures, and thereafter, analyze the influence of the Reynolds number Ra on the respective wave profiles.
Putting all the X in one basket: Updated X-ray constraints on sub-GeV Dark Matter
Authors: Cirelli Marco , Fornengo Nicolao , Koechler Jordan , Pinetti Elena , Roach Brandon M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sub-GeV dark matter particles can annihilate or decay producing e
± pairs which
upscatter the low-energy photon fields in the Galaxy and generate an X-ray emission (via the
Inverse Compton effect). Using X-ray data from Xmm-Newton, Integral, NuStar
and Suzaku, we derive new constraints on this class of dark matter (DM). In the
annihilation case, our new bounds are the strongest available for DM masses above 180 MeV,
reaching 〈σv〉 ≲ 10-28 cm3/s for m
DM ≃
1 GeV. In the decay case, our bounds are the strongest to date over a large fraction of the
considered mass range, constraining τ ≳ 1028 s for m
DM ≃ 1
GeV and improving by up to 3 orders of magnitude upon existing limits.
Transient acceleration after non-minimal M-flation preheating
Authors: Ashoorioon Amjad , Rezazadeh Kazem 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Light massive preheat fields acquire a non-vanishing dispersion during parametric resonance from their quantum particle production. This in turn will modify the inflaton potential, which in some cases can induce a transient period of acceleration. We illustrate this phenomenon in the setup of non-supersymmetric non-minimal M-flation (non-𝕄-flation) which has some motivations from the brane compactifications in string theory. Implementing a lattice simulation by the LATTICEEASY code, we compute the potential correction term in our scenario and show that the modified term indeed causes the Universe to make a transition from the decelerated expansion to a temporary phase of acceleration. The correction term reduces to some extent the number density of the particles generated during preheating, but the efficiency of preheating remains still enough to have successful particle production after inflation. We also compute the spectrum of the gravitational waves (GWs) generated during preheating in our setup by using the LATTICEEASY code. Although the peak frequency remains almost the same, the inclusion of the correction term reduces the amplitude of the gravitational spectrum by almost one order of magnitude.
Spins of primordial black holes formed with a soft equation of state
Authors: Saito Daiki , Harada Tomohiro , Koga Yasutaka , Yoo Chul-Moon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigate the probability distribution of the spins of primordial black holes (PBHs) formed in the universe dominated by a perfect fluid with the linear equation of state p = wρ, where p and ρ are the pressure and energy density of the fluid, respectively.
We particularly focus on the parameter region 0 < w ≤ 1/3 since the larger value of the spin is expected for the softer equation of state than that of the radiation fluid (w = 1/3).
The angular momentum inside the collapsing region is estimated based on the linear perturbation equation at the turn-around time which we define as the time when the linear velocity perturbation in the conformal Newtonian gauge takes the minimum value.
The probability distribution is derived based on the peak theory with the Gaussian curvature perturbation.
We find that the root mean square of the non-dimensional Kerr parameter √〈a
2
*〉 is approximately proportional to
(M/M
H)-1/3(6w)-(1+2w)/(1+3w), where M and M
H are the mass of the PBH and the horizon mass at the horizon entry, respectively.
Therefore the typical value of the spin parameter decreases with the value of w.
We also evaluate the mass and spin distribution P(a
*, M), taking account of the critical phenomena.
We find that, while the spin is mostly distributed in the range of 10-3.9 ≤ a
* ≤ 101.8 for the radiation-dominated universe, the peak of the spin distribution is shifted to the larger range 10-3.0 ≤ a
* ≤ 100.7 for w = 10-3.
A consistent view of interacting dark energy from multiple CMB probes
Authors: Zhai Yuejia , Giarè William , van de Bruck Carsten , Valentino Eleonora Di , Mena Olga , Nunes Rafael C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe analyze a cosmological model featuring an interaction between dark energy and dark matter in light of the measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background released by three independent experiments: the most recent data by the Planck satellite and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, and WMAP (9-year data). We show that different combinations of the datasets provide similar results, always favoring an interacting dark sector with a 95% C.L. significance in the majority of the cases. Remarkably, such a preference remains consistent when cross-checked through independent probes, while always yielding a value of the expansion rateH0consistent with the local distance ladder measurements. We investigate the source of this preference by scrutinizing the angular power spectra of temperature and polarization anisotropies as measured by different experiments.
Searching for Intragroup Light in Deep U-band Imaging of the COSMOS Field
Authors: McCabe Tyler , Redshaw Caleb , Otteson Lillian , Windhorst Rogier A. , Jansen Rolf A. , Cohen Seth H. , Carleton Timothy , Borthakur Sanchayeeta , Ashcraft Teresa A. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Ryan Russell E. , Nonino Mario , Paris Diego , Grazian Andrea , Fontana Adriano , Giallongo Emanuele , Speziali Roberto , Testa Vincenzo , Boutsia Konstantina , O’Connell Robert W. , Rutkowski Michael J. , Scarlata Claudia , Teplitz Harry I. , Wang Xin , Rafelski Marc , Grogin Norman A. , Lucas Ray A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present the results of deep, ground based U-band imaging with the Large Binocular Telescope of the Cosmic Evolution Survey field as part of the near-UV imaging program, UVCANDELS. We utilize a seeing sorted stacking method along with night-to-night relative transparency corrections to create optimal depth and optimal resolution mosaics in the U-band, which are capable of reaching point source magnitudes of AB∼26.5 mag at 3σ. These ground-based mosaics bridge the wavelength gap between the Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 F275W and ACS F435W images and are necessary to understand galaxy assembly in the last 9–10 Gyr. We use the depth of these mosaics to search for the presence of U-band intragroup light (IGrL) beyond the local universe. Regardless of how groups are scaled and stacked, we do not detect any U-band IGrL to unprecedented U-band depths of ∼29.1–29.6 mag arcsec−2, which corresponds to an IGrL fraction of ≲1% of the total group light. This stringent upper limit suggests that IGrL does not contribute significantly to the Extragalactic Background Light at short wavelengths. Furthermore, the lack of UV IGrL observed in these stacks suggests that the atomic gas observed in the intragroup medium is likely not dense enough to trigger star formation on large scales. Future studies may detect IGrL by creating similar stacks at longer wavelengths or by pre-selecting groups which are older and/or more dynamically evolved similar to past IGrL observations of compact groups and loose groups with signs of gravitational interactions.
Inferring light responses of primate retinal ganglion cells using intrinsic electrical signatures
Authors: Zaidi Moosa , Aggarwal Gorish , Shah Nishal P , Karniol-Tambour Orren , Goetz Georges , Madugula Sasidhar S , Gogliettino Alex R , Wu Eric G , Kling Alexandra , Brackbill Nora , Sher Alexander , Litke Alan M , Chichilnisky E J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Retinal implants are designed to stimulate retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a way that restores sight to individuals blinded by photoreceptor degeneration. Reproducing high-acuity vision with these devices will likely require inferring the natural light responses of diverse RGC types in the implanted retina, without being able to measure them directly. Here we demonstrate an inference approach that exploits intrinsic electrophysiological features of primate RGCs. Approach. First, ON-parasol and OFF-parasol RGC types were identified using their intrinsic electrical features in large-scale multi-electrode recordings from macaque retina. Then, the electrically inferred somatic location, inferred cell type, and average linear-nonlinear-Poisson model parameters of each cell type were used to infer a light response model for each cell. The accuracy of the cell type classification and of reproducing measured light responses with the model were evaluated. Main results. A cell-type classifier trained on 246 large-scale multi-electrode recordings from 148 retinas achieved 95% mean accuracy on 29 test retinas. In five retinas tested, the inferred models achieved an average correlation with measured firing rates of 0.49 for white noise visual stimuli and 0.50 for natural scenes stimuli, compared to 0.65 and 0.58 respectively for models fitted to recorded light responses (an upper bound). Linear decoding of natural images from predicted RGC activity in one retina showed a mean correlation of 0.55 between decoded and true images, compared to an upper bound of 0.81 using models fitted to light response data. Significance. These results suggest that inference of RGC light response properties from intrinsic features of their electrical activity may be a useful approach for high-fidelity sight restoration. The overall strategy of first inferring cell type from electrical features and then exploiting cell type to help infer natural cell function may also prove broadly useful to neural interfaces.
Optimization and test of working parameters of cutting device of vegetable grafting machine
Authors: Wang Chao , Song Chengyuan , Song Jian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To improve the grafting productivity and the healing survival rate of later grafted seedlings, the cutting device of the cucurbit vegetable grafting machine was designed. The ear wood and stock in the suitable grafting period were selected as the experimental objects for the cutting test. The influence of different cutting methods based on the sticking method on the cutting quality was studied. Taking cutting speed, cutter angle, and blade thickness as test factors, cutting success rate, and stalk drawing rate as test indicators, the optimal working parameters of the cutting device were determined through actual operation tests. The test results show that the cutting effect is the best when the cutting speed of the cutter of the seedling cutting device for grafting is 140 mm/s, the cutting angle of the cutter is 60°, and the thickness of the blade is 1.5 mm.
The influence of different runner widths on the performance of micro Pelton turbine
Authors: Chen Xueqing , Guo Yuxing , Zhu Guojun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pelton turbine can not only utilize the high head hydraulic resources but also recover the flow kinetic energy in the pipeline. It is more and more widely used. Thus, the research on improving the efficiency and performance of Pelton turbine is important. In this paper, Boltzmann method is used to study the influence of different runner widths on the performance of a micro Pelton turbine. And two micro Pelton turbines with runner widths of 25mm and 20mm are taken as the research object. Then turbine efficiency is calculated and the internal flow characteristics of micro Pelton turbine are analyzed. The results show that the runner width has obvious influence on the efficiency. When the runner width decreases from 25mm to 20mm, the turbine efficiency decreases by 1.16%. Besides, the turbulence area in the runner decreases, and the velocity decreases. But the turbulence intensity and vorticity in the runner is enhanced, which causes more serious hydraulic loss.
Simulation of N-type 100V TDMOS Device Characteristics
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Shengyi , Song Zhe , Tao Ruilong , Li Peiqi , Zhang Xilai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper mainly introduces the TDMOS (Trench Double Diffused MOSFET). Through the simulation of device process parameters, the influence of process parameters on device breakdown characteristics, transfer characteristics, and output characteristics are analyzed from seven aspects from the epitaxial layer thickness, resistivity, implant dose and energy of P body and NSD, trench depth, the spacing and depth of the trench in the terminal structure. Thus, the design standard with a breakdown voltage greater than 100V, a threshold voltage of about 3V, and a resistance lower than 124 mΩ·um2 is reached.
Finite element analysis of bevel gear tooth side clearance and fatigue characteristics under alternating torque
Authors: He Ping , Mao Hongyong , Jing Manjun , Ma Jun , Lu Jinjin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of different tooth side clearances on the fatigue characteristics of bevel gears under alternating torque is investigated using finite element analysis technology. The article first determines the structure form and main parameters of the bevel gear and completes the establishment of the three-dimensional model of bevel gear transmission. Then, based on the principle of finite element analysis, the fatigue characteristics of the bevel gear under different tooth side clearances are simulated by ANSYS workbench software. Next, according to the simulation results, the changes in service life and safety coefficient of bevel gear with tooth side clearances are analyzed, and the relevant conclusions are drawn. Finally, combined with the finite element analysis results, the axial adjustment amount of the bevel gear assembly of this project is guided, and the actual use effect is verified. The results show that when the tooth side clearance jn is taken in the range of 0.04·m∼0.08·m, the fatigue safety coefficient and service life of bevel gear gradually decrease with the increase of tooth side clearance jn.
Influence of Base Oil Molecular Structure on the Tribological Performance of Diesel Engine Cylinder Liner and Piston Ring
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Yu Miao , Ma Jiandong , Jia Yuanming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Highly intensified diesel engines lead to severe lubricating condition, high performance lubricant is important to solve this problem. Base oil is the main composition of lubricant, which plays important role in lubricating performance. In this paper, three kinds of poly-α-olefin (PAO) base oil were prepared. Different olefin materials were used to produce PAO with different molecular structure. The tribological performance of diesel engine cylinder liner and piston ring lubricated with different base oil were evaluated by reciprocating test rig. Results show that PAO base oil synthesized with long carbon chain olefin has high viscosity index. The PC12 reduced the friction coefficient by 15.4%/19.6% in low speed/high speed friction compared with PC8. The wear of PC12 reduced 15.8% compared with PC8. The results were resulted from the long carbon chain of PC12, which produce high viscosity in high temperature and shear thin effect in high speed friction.
Particulate Matter Load Estimation and Distribution Characteristics of Diesel Particulate Filter
Authors: Wang Jiguang , Xu Feng , Wang Li , Chen Xudong , Chen Qiuling , Han Fei , Huang Youxian , Li Xuan , Xu Qingyun , Ge Yu , Gu Wangwen , Dai Xinghai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on the offline electric heating regeneration technology of DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter). Based on the actual operating conditions of the airport passenger elevator, the pressure drop changes before and after the offline regeneration of DPF, the passive regeneration process during the vehicle operation, and the capture efficiency of PM and PN after the offline regeneration of DPF are studied. The DPF pressure drop increases with the operation time because of the extremely low efficiency of passive regeneration before offline regeneration, and the initial pressure drop after regeneration is slightly higher than that of the fresh carrier due to the existence of ash. When the exhaust temperature reaches 420°C, the DPF passive regeneration rate is higher than the capture rate, and the DPF pressure drop drops rapidly when the passenger elevator continues to run. The mass fraction of fine particulate matter is more than 0.02μm in the cold start stage, while the mass fraction of fine particulate matter is more than 0.02μm in the hot start stage.
Research and Design of Arc Welding Parameters Control and Environment Monitoring System Based on DSP
Authors: Lu Lihui , Li Shuanghu , Guo Yingying , Si Pengcheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the process of the welding operation, a large number of welding smoke, toxic gas, and other pollutants will be produced, which can cause a variety of respiratory diseases. Therefore, the welder’s health is affected and the atmospheric environment is polluted. To monitor the detrimental soot substances produced in the arc welding process, an arc welding parameters control and environmental monitoring system was built by taking high-performance DSP (Digital Signal Processor) TMS320F2812 as the control core, which uses wireless communication technology. Multi-information sensing and welding parameters control can be carried out through the system in the arc welding process. The concentration of welding smoke, harmful gas, and other substances in the arc welding environment can be monitored in real time and the real-time environmental conditions are displayed visually. The functions of audible and visual alarms, automatic ventilation, and telecommunication are provided by the system. A lot of experimental verification and debugging results show that parameters control in the arc welding process and the monitor welding environment in real time could be realized by the built system and is running well.