bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modellierung menschlicher Greifbewegungen für die automatisierte Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Miro Michael , Hoppe Nils , Meisterjahn Peter , Heidrich Sebastian , Kuhlenkötter Bernd 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungEine der weltweit häufigsten Ursachen für Therapie- und Pflegebedarfe sind neurologisch induzierte Funktionsverluste der oberen oder unteren Extremitäten, wie beispielsweise in Folge eines Schlaganfalls. Die anschließend überwiegend manualtherapeutisch stattfindende Betreuung der Patienten erfolgt allerdings häufig nicht in wünschenswerter Frequenz und Dauer, was die Rekonvaleszenz verzögern kann. Gleichzeitig stellen neurologische Erkrankungen und die resultierenden Funktionsverluste für die Betroffenen einen enormen Eingriff sowohl in das private als auch berufliche Leben dar und kommen aufgrund des demographischen Wandels immer häufiger vor. Um dem Patienten ein automatisiertes Training zur Wiederherstellung der Funktionsverluste zu ermöglichen, ist ein fundiertes Verständnis physiologisch korrekter Bewegungsmuster notwendig. Im Kontext menschlicher Greifbewegungen werden daher existierende Studien sowie der resultierende Forschungsbedarf beschrieben und ein auf die Ableitung von Bewegungskenngrößen ausgerichteter Versuchsaufbau für die oberen Extremitäten entwickelt, bei dem Greifparameter, wie der Objektdurchmesser und die Greifposition, für eine tiefergehende kinematische Betrachtung variiert werden können. Die exemplarisch von einem Therapeuten durchgeführten Greifbewegungen werden mit einem 3D-Kamerasystem ausgewertet, diskutiert und in Form eines Modells zusammengeführt, welches Transport- und Greifphase kombiniert. Das entwickelte Modell erlaubt die Parametrierung der gesamten Greifbewegung insbesondere in Bezug auf Greifort und Objektdurchmesser und wird mit nicht in der Erstellung genutzten Datenpunkten in Bezug auf die Intra-Modell-Plausibilität der generierten Bewegungen hin evaluiert. Zudem wird das Modell mit Bewegungsmustern von zwei weiteren Probanden verglichen, um die Hypothese der grundsätzlichen Eignung der modellierten Bewegungen für die Therapie auf Basis eines qualitativen Vergleichs zu untermauern, ohne Allgemeingültigkeitsanspruch zu erheben. Durch die Nutzung von realen Bewegungsdaten der zwei Phasen wird damit jedoch ein weitaus höherer Authentizitätsgrad des Greifens erreicht, als beispielsweise durch die Nutzung von Standardfahrrampen oder chronologisch unzusammenhängender Bewegungsdaten der Transport- oder Greifphase allein, wie sie in der Literatur vorherrschend sind. Das Modell bietet daher eine Grundlage für ein variantenreiches robotergestütztes Greiftraining im Rahmen der automatisierten Neurorehabilitation.Praktische Relevanz: Der Einsatz automatisierter Rehabilitationsgeräte unterstützt Therapeuten bei der patientenzentrierten Therapie neurologischer induzierter Funktionsverluste des Bewegungsapparats und ermöglicht den Betroffenen eine schnellere Rekonvaleszenz bei gleichzeitiger Entlastung des therapeutischen Personals. Die physiologisch korrekte Bewegungsanbahnung durch den Roboter stellt in diesem Kontext einen elementaren Therapiebaustein dar.
Changes in formal structure towards self-managing organization and their effects on the intra-organizational communication network
Authors: Maurer Marcel , Bach Norbert , Oertel Simon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChanges in organizational structure affect the intra-organizational communication network. However, despite an increasing relevance of less hierarchical and less bureaucratic forms of organizing, the question of how self-managing forms of organization influence employees’ communication behavior has received only scant attention yet. In our study, we analyze the case of a medium-sized firm that experiences organizational change from rigid bureaucratic structures to a more self-managing organization model and question how employees’ centrality in the communication network is affected by this reorganization. Following an explorative research approach informed by prior research on self-managing forms of organizations and communication networks, our findings show that after the change process communication generally is less dependent on formal hierarchy. However, while employees who held a higher rank before the change process loose in centrality, their centrality at the end of the change process is still higher than that of other employees. Moreover, employees who experience a promotion become more central in the communication network while demotions do not have an effect. By discussing these findings in the context of organizational change and the persistence of organizational structures, we contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the implementation process of self-managing organizations.
(Ex)Change of Routines: An Action-Based Microfoundation
Authors: Kesting Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChange necessitates companies to alter their established routines. But how flexible are routines, and how can they be changed? Research has given very different answers to this question. While some researchers see routines as rigid and opposed to change, others see them as flexible and a source of change. The problem is not only that these positions are unrelated, but that there is no foundation that conceptually encompasses and connects both elements of routines, rigidity and changeability, which is why these two facets currently present as opposites. Current research tends towards the second position, neglecting the rigidity of routines. This paper offers an action-based microfoundation of routine change expanding Feldman and Pentland’s ostensive-performative approach beyond feedback processes. The focus of the theoretical conceptualization of routines is on action-specific knowledge acquired and applied through repetition. This action-based microfoundation allows the contradictory views of previous research to be positioned in a larger context. Routines are flexible, but only incrementally; they exhibit rigidity towards radical change. Building on this theoretical conceptualization, this paper distinguishes four types of routine changes: routinization/expansion, adaptation, problem fixing, and deliberate routine exchange. This distinction can contribute significantly to the focus of research and thus make it more rigorous. It also allows the rigidities of routines to be taken into account more strongly than before, thereby significantly increasing the relevance of routine research.
Kooperation von Lehrkräften zur Umsetzung von inklusivem Unterricht – notwendige Bedingung, zu einfach gedacht oder überbewerteter Faktor?
Authors: Grosche Michael , Moser Opitz Elisabeth 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie interdisziplinäre Kooperation von sonderpädagogischen Lehrkräften und Regellehrkräften wird seit den ersten Schulversuchen zur schulischen Integration bzw. Inklusion in den 1980-iger Jahren als eine zentrale Notwendigkeit von inklusivem Unterricht oder sogar als conditio sine qua non betrachtet. Ob Kooperation aber Inklusion tatsächlich wirksam verbessert, lässt sich bisher kaum beurteilen. Auf der einen Seite fehlen präzise und eindeutige Theorien zu Wirkmechanismen der interdisziplinären Kooperation von Lehrkräften, die erklären könnten, was genau die Wirksamkeitsannahme von Kooperation begründet. Auf der anderen Seite zeigt die Durchsicht empirischer Studien zur Wirksamkeit der Kooperation, dass die Befundlage – anders als in der einschlägigen Inklusionsliteratur dargestellt – ausgesprochen dünn ist. Deshalb plädiert der vorliegende Artikel, Theorien zur Kooperation von Lehrkräften im inklusiven Unterricht zu präzisieren und gezielte empirische Wirksamkeitsstudien zu deren Überprüfung durchzuführen. Hierfür werden Ansatzpunkte skizziert.
Qualität statt Quantität? Zum Zusammenhang von Schreibförderungs- und Feedbackpraktiken mit Textqualität unter Berücksichtigung von migrationsbedingter Mehrsprachigkeit
Authors: Müller N. , Utesch T. , Busse V. 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungWenngleich ein prozessorientierter Schreibunterricht mit Feedback in Überarbeitungsphasen insbesondere mehrsprachige Lernende beim Schreiben unterstützen kann, ist bislang wenig über entsprechende Unterrichtspraktiken und ihren Einfluss auf Textqualität bekannt. Daher gibt dieser Beitrag Einblicke in gängige Schreib- und Feedbackpraktiken und analysiert unter Einbezug migrationsbedingter Mehrsprachigkeit und weiterer herkunftsbezogener Merkmale, inwieweit diese Praktiken Unterschiede in der Textqualität erklären können. Die Untersuchung unserer Stichprobe von Lernenden an nichtgymnasialen Schulformen in Klasse 9 (N = 208) deutet darauf hin, dass die meisten dieser Lernenden im Deutschunterricht wöchentlich Texte schreiben, allerdings seltener Feedback zum Schreiben erhalten. In Bezug auf die Qualität des Feedbacks konnten keine Unterschiede in der Wahrnehmung zwischen unterschiedlichen Lernendengruppen gezeigt werden, wenngleich Lernende mit Migrationshintergrund sowie speziell Lernende mit anderen Familiensprachen als Deutsch die Fähigkeit ihrer Eltern im Fach Deutsch zu unterstützen als vergleichsweise gering einschätzen. Die Ergebnisse der Regressionsanalysen zeigen, dass wahrgenommene Feedbackqualität (basierend auf Kriterien lernförderlichen Feedbacks) undFeed Forward(also spezielle Hinweise zur Textentwicklung) einen signifikanten Anteil an Varianz der Textqualität vorhersagen, wobei die Ergänzung der Feedbackhäufigkeit das Modell nicht verbessert. Unsere Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Relevanz von Feedback für die Textqualität, wobei diskutiert werden kann, inwieweit die allgemeine Feedbackqualität wichtiger ist als die Feedbackquantität. Zusätzlich zeigen Simple-Slope-Analysen, dass Lernende mit Migrationshintergrund unter Kontrolle weiterer personen- und herkunftsbezogener Merkmale nicht vonFeed Forwardzur Textentwicklung profitieren. Zwar sind gerade Lernende mit Migrationshintergrund auf Feedback angewiesen, um fehlende familiäre Unterstützung auszugleichen − dasFeed Forwardmüsste aber vermutlich besser an die Bedürfnisse dieser Lernenden angepasst werden, um wirksam zu sein.
Books and Bullies: Responses to Bullying in Preschool Students
Authors: Rosen Lisa H. , Scott Shannon R. , Higgins Meredith G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBullying begins in the preschool years and presents a public health concern for children of all ages with negative outcomes observed for victims, perpetrators, and bystanders. With an eye on intervention, research suggests that reading and discussing books may help to encourage perspective taking and compassion for others, even at an early age. The current study presented preschoolers withThe New York Timesbestselling storybook featuring an active bystander in a bullying situation and examined definitions of and responses to bullying both before and after reading the storybook. At the end of the study, participants reported what they learned from the storybook. Responses were categorized as direct defending (e.g., confronting the bully), indirect defending (e.g., supporting the victim), and inaction (e.g., remaining quiet). Participants included 89 children recruited from preschools in the Southwestern United States. When asked to consider themselves in the role of a bystander, results indicated that children were more likely to engage in an active response to bullying after reading the storybook. Findings suggest that educators may be able to use books highlighting active bystanders to discourage bullying behavior among preschool students.
An analytical model to study the frequency response of ultrasonic welding transducers
Authors: Yazdian Amir , Karafi Mohammad Reza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper develops an analytical 3D model of ultrasonic welding transducers. The presented model investigates the effects of the workpiece's stiffness and material properties on transducers' frequency response and mode shape. Longitudinal and lateral vibration is taken into account in the model. To analyze the forced vibration of the transducer, the effect of piezoelectric and excitation electrical fields are considered. The structural damping is considered as an imaginary Young's modulus. For validation of the model, a transducer, booster, and horn with specific dimensions and physical properties is modeled in ANSYS software. Its resonant frequency is compared with the mathematical model. Then, the system is fabricated for experimental tests. The resonant frequency in the analytical model, simulation, and experimental test is achieved, 19,208, 19,280 , and 19,203 Hz, respectively. There is a 0.02% error between the analytical model and the experimental test. The Anti-resonant frequency in the analytical model is 19265 Hz which has a 0.02% error with the experiment (19,270 Hz). The admittance at a resonant frequency in the analytical model is 0.01755 mS which has a 0.2% error with the experiment (0.0176 mS). The mechanical quality factor of the transducer and its vibration amplitude is calculated by the developed analytical model according to the mechanical properties of the components.
Metagenomics-metabolomics analysis of microbial function and metabolism in petroleum-contaminated soil
Authors: Li Yong-Quan , Xin Ying , Li Caili , Liu Jin , Huang Tao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Contamination of soil by petroleum is becoming increasingly serious in the world today. However, the research on gene functional characteristics, metabolites and distribution of microbial genomes in oil-contaminated soil is limited. Considering that, metagenomic and metabonomic were used to detect microbes and metabolites in oil-contaminated soil, and the changes of functional pathways were analyzed. We found that oil pollution significantly changed the composition of soil microorganisms and metabolites, and promoted the relative abundance of Pseudoxanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Immundisolibacter, etc. The degradation of toluene, xylene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and fluorobenzoate increased in Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism. Key monooxygenases and dioxygenase systems were regulated to promote ring opening and degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Metabolite contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as 9-fluoronone and gentisic acid increased significantly. The soil microbiome degraded petroleum pollutants into small molecular substances and promoted the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. Besides, we discovered the complete degradation pathway of petroleum-contaminated soil microorganisms to generate gentisic acid from the hydroxylation of naphthalene in PAHs by salicylic acid. This study offers important insights into bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil from the aspect of molecular regulation mechanism and provides a theoretical basis for the screening of new oil degrading bacteria.
Investigating PGPR bacteria for their competence to protect hybrid maize from the factor drought stress
Authors: Kálmán Csaba Dániel , Nagy Zoltán , Berényi Attila , Kiss Erzsébet , Posta Katalin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrought and heat are severe environmental stresses that constantly affect plant growth and development. Maize (Zea mays L.) is known for its sensitivity to abiotic stresses, which often causes significant yield losses. With plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), the harmful effects of drought and heat stress on plants can be alleviated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the physiological traits of plants affected by drought stress in a treatment including four PGPR bacteria, two regimes of irrigation and two stages of phenophases, and the analysis of the influence of the individual factors and their combined effects, respectively. In addition, the investigations covered the testing of the nutrient acquisition ability and nutrient use efficiency, the plant growth stimulating effect of PGPR bacteria, and the analysis of the performance trials. The largest amount of soluble orthophosphate was produced by Pseudomonas putida (51.636 µg/cm3). This is significantly more than the amount of phosphate solubilized by Bacillus pumilus (15.601 µg/cm3), Pseudomonas fluorescens (14.817 µg/cm3) and Bacillus megaterium (14.621 µg/cm3). The germination vigour of the seedlings in the treatment with Pseudomonas putida was 55% higher, represented by the value of 15,237.125, in comparison with the control, with the value of 9792.188. The Pseudomonas putida treatment resulted in the most outstanding fresh/dry weight ratio (7.312) compared to the control (7.780), when the interaction between all factors was taken into account under stressed conditions at 50% female flowering stage. The highest dry matter content of the plants (18.344%) compared to the control (17.344%) was measured in the case of the Pseudomonas putida treatment during the milk stage of development under stressed conditions. In the field trial, the plants treated with KD2 (Bacillus pumilus and Pseudomonas putida) presented significantly higher results in the aspect of grain yield (6.278 t/ha) compared to the control (5.468 t/ha).
Colonization–competition dynamics of basal species shape food web complexity in island metacommunities
Authors: Guo Guanming , Zhao Fei , Nijs Ivan , Liao Jinbao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExploring how food web complexity emerges and evolves in island ecosystems remains a major challenge in ecology. Food webs assembled from multiple islands are commonly recognized as highly complex trophic networks that are dynamic in both space and time. In the context of global climate change, it remains unclear whether food web complexity will decrease in a monotonic fashion when undergoing habitat destruction (e.g., the inundation of islands due to sea-level rise). Here, we develop a simple yet comprehensive patch-dynamic framework for complex food web metacommunities subject to the competition-colonization tradeoff between basal species. We found that oscillations in food web topological complexity (characterized by species diversity, mean food chain length and the degree of omnivory) emerge along the habitat destruction gradient. This outcome is robust to changing parameters or relaxing the assumption of a strict competitive hierarchy. Having oscillations in food web complexity indicates that small habitat changes could have disproportionate negative effects on species diversity, thus the success of conservation actions should be evaluated not only on changes in biodiversity, but also on system robustness to habitat alteration. Overall, this study provides a parsimonious mechanistic explanation for the emergence of food web complexity in island ecosystems, further enriching our understanding of metacommunity assembly.
They shall be fair, transparent, and robust: auditing learning analytics systems
Authors: Simbeck Katharina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the near future, systems, that use Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, such as machine learning, are required to be certified or audited for fairness if used in ethically sensitive fields such as education. One example of those upcoming regulatory initiatives is the European Artificial Intelligence Act. Interconnected with fairness are the notions of system transparency (i.e. how understandable is the system) and system robustness (i.e. will similar inputs lead to similar results). Ensuring fairness, transparency, and robustness requires looking at data, models, system processes, and the use of systems as the ethical implications arise at the intersection between those. The potential societal consequences are domain specific, it is, therefore, necessary to discuss specifically for Learning Analytics (LA) what fairness, transparency, and robustness mean and how they can be certified. Approaches to certifying and auditing fairness in LA include assessing datasets, machine learning models, and the end-to-end LA process for fairness, transparency, and robustness. Based on Slade and Prinsloo’s six principals for ethical LA, relevant audit approaches will be deduced. Auditing AI applications in LA is a complex process that requires technical capabilities and needs to consider the perspectives of all stakeholders. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for auditing AI applications in LA systems from the perspective of learners' autonomy, provides insights into different auditing methodologies, and emphasizes the importance of reflection and dialogue among providers, buyers, and users of these systems to ensure their ethical and responsible use.
Effect of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block on postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting in thyroid surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cai Yujing , Nong Lidan , Li Haifeng , Luo Quehua , Zhu Yi , Shu Haihua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BSCPB) is widely used in thyroid surgery. However, its ability to reduce patients’ perioperative pain remains controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the value of using BSCPB perioperatively for thyroid surgery by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant clinical studies. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we conducted comprehensive searches in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to collect all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used BSCPB for thyroid surgery. The included studies were then analyzed for heterogeneity using the chi-square test, and studies with large heterogeneity were subjected to subgroup or sensitivity analyses. Treatment effects were measured using odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 19 RCTs with 1,365 patients who underwent thyroid surgery (713 and 652 patients in the BSCPB and control groups, respectively) were included in this systematic review. Most of the studies reported that cervical plexus blocks were used preoperatively, and the main drugs used were 0.25–0.75% ropivacaine or bupivacaine. The BSCPB procedure could significantly reduce visual analog scale scores in the immediate (WMD: −1.12, 95% CI: −1.51 to −0.73, P < 0.00001), 6-h (WMD: −1.06, 95% CI: −1.60 to −0.53, P = 0.0001) and 24-h (WMD: −0.87, 95% CI: −1.29 to −0.45, P < 0.0001) postoperative period and also reduce opioid requirements for patients in the post-anesthesia care unit (50.99% vs 72.92%, OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.52, P < 0.0001) and in the wards (39.80% vs 59.79%, OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.59, P = 0.001). Additionally, BSCPB reduced the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.87, P = 0.01). Due to the large heterogeneity, the results only suggest decrease use of intraoperative fentanyl and postoperative morphine in the BSCPB group. The use of BSCPB alleviates of postoperative pain, opioid requirement, and reduces incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who have undergone thyroid surgery. More clinical studies are needed for further conclusions.