bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative phase contrast imaging with a nonlocal angle-selective metasurface
Authors: Ji Anqi , Song Jung-Hwan , Li Qitong , Xu Fenghao , Tsai Ching-Ting , Tiberio Richard C. , Cui Bianxiao , Lalanne Philippe , Kik Pieter G. , Miller David A. B. , Brongersma Mark L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhase contrast microscopy has played a central role in the development of modern biology, geology, and nanotechnology. It can visualize the structure of translucent objects that remains hidden in regular optical microscopes. The optical layout of a phase contrast microscope is based on a 4 f image processing setup and has essentially remained unchanged since its invention by Zernike in the early 1930s. Here, we propose a conceptually new approach to phase contrast imaging that harnesses the non-local optical response of a guided-mode-resonator metasurface. We highlight its benefits and demonstrate the imaging of various phase objects, including biological cells, polymeric nanostructures, and transparent metasurfaces. Our results showcase that the addition of this non-local metasurface to a conventional microscope enables quantitative phase contrast imaging with a 0.02π phase accuracy. At a high level, this work adds to the growing body of research aimed at the use of metasurfaces for analog optical computing.
20%-efficient polycrystalline Cd(Se,Te) thin-film solar cells with compositional gradient near the front junction
Authors: Li Deng-Bing , Bista Sandip S. , Awni Rasha A. , Neupane Sabin , Abudulimu Abasi , Wang Xiaoming , Subedi Kamala K. , Jamarkattel Manoj K. , Phillips Adam B. , Heben Michael J. , Poplawsky Jonathan D. , Cullen David A. , Ellingson Randy J. , Yan Yanfa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBandgap gradient is a proven approach for improving the open-circuit voltages (VOCs) in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu(Zn,Sn)Se2 thin-film solar cells, but has not been realized in Cd(Se,Te) thin-film solar cells, a leading thin-film solar cell technology in the photovoltaic market. Here, we demonstrate the realization of a bandgap gradient in Cd(Se,Te) thin-film solar cells by introducing a Cd(O,S,Se,Te) region with the same crystal structure of the absorber near the front junction. The formation of such a region is enabled by incorporating oxygenated CdS and CdSe layers. We show that the introduction of the bandgap gradient reduces the hole density in the front junction region and introduces a small spike in the band alignment between this and the absorber regions, effectively suppressing the nonradiative recombination therein and leading to improved VOCs in Cd(Se,Te) solar cells using commercial SnO2 buffers. A champion device achieves an efficiency of 20.03% with a VOC of 0.863 V.
SOX17-positive rete testis epithelium is required for Sertoli valve formation and normal spermiogenesis in the male mouse
Authors: Uchida Aya , Imaimatsu Kenya , Suzuki Honoka , Han Xiao , Ushioda Hiroki , Uemura Mami , Imura-Kishi Kasane , Hiramatsu Ryuji , Takase Hinako M. , Hirate Yoshikazu , Ogura Atsuo , Kanai-Azuma Masami , Kudo Akihiko , Kanai Yoshiakira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeminiferous tubules (STs) in the mammalian testes are connected to the rete testis (RT) via a Sertoli valve (SV). Spermatozoa produced in the STs are released into the tubular luminal fluid and passively transported through the SV into the RT. However, the physiological functions of the RT and SV remain unclear. Here, we identified the expression ofSox17in RT epithelia. The SV valve was disrupted before puberty in RT-specificSox17conditional knockout (Sox17-cKO) male mice. This induced a backflow of RT fluid into the STs, which caused aberrant detachment of immature spermatids. RT ofSox17-cKO mice had reduced expression levels of various growth factor genes, which presumably support SV formation. When transplanted next to theSox17+RT, Sertoli cells ofSox17-cKO mice reconstructed the SV and supported proper spermiogenesis in the STs. This study highlights the novel and unexpected modulatory roles of the RT in SV valve formation and spermatogenesis in mouse testes, as a downstream action ofSox17.
Increased risk of malignancy in patients with Takayasu’s arteritis: a population-based cohort study in Korea
Authors: Lee Seulkee , Kang Seonyoung , Eun Yeonghee , Kim Hyungjin , Lee Jaejoon , Koh Eun-Mi , Cha Hoon-Suk 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the relative risk of malignancy in patients with Takayasu’s arteritis compared to that in the general population. This retrospective nationwide cohort study used data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. All newly diagnosed patients with Takayasu’s arteritis were identified between January 2009 and December 2019. They were observed until the diagnosis of malignancy, death, or end of the observational period, December 2020. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of the overall and site-specific malignancies were estimated and compared with the incidence of cancer in the general population retrieved from the National Cancer Registry. We identified 1449 newly diagnosed patients with Takayasu’s arteritis during the observational period (9196 person-years). A total of 74, 66, and 8 patients had overall, solid, and hematologic malignancies, respectively. The risks of overall [SIR, 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–2.03], solid (SIR, 1.51; 95% CI 1.17–1.92), and hematologic (SIR, 4.05; 95% CI 1.75–7.98) malignancies were increased compared to those in the general population. In solid malignancies, breast (SIR, 2.07; 95% CI 1.16–3.42) and ovarian (SIR, 4.45; 95% CI 1.21–11.39) cancers had an increased risk. In hematologic malignancies, the risk of myelodysplasia increased (SIR, 18.02; 95% CI 3.72–52.66). Immunosuppressive agent use was not associated with malignancy. There was no specific period when cancer more frequently occurred. An increased risk of malignancy was observed in patients with Takayasu’s arteritis compared to that in the general population in this large-scale nationwide population study of Korean health insurance data.
Evolution of the lethality due to SARS-CoV-2 in Spain according to age group and sex
Authors: Saavedra Pedro , Santana Angelo , Peñate Alejandro , Herrera Carol , Pacheco José-Miguel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in China in December 2019 has posed a major challenge to health systems in all countries around the world. One of the most relevant epidemiological measures to consider during the course of a pandemic is the proportion of cases that eventually die from the disease (case fatality ratio, CFR). Monitoring the evolution of this indicator is of paramount importance because it allows for the assessment of both variations in the lethality of the virus and the effectiveness of the control measures implemented by health authorities. One of the problems with estimating the CFR in practice is that the available data only show daily or weekly counts of new cases and deaths; there is no information on when each deceased patient was infected and therefore it is not possible to know exactly how many cases there were at the time the patient became infected. Various approaches have been proposed for calculating the CFR by correcting for the time lag between infection and death. In this paper, we present a novel methodology to perform a non-parametric estimation of the evolution of the CFR by initially identifying an optimal time lag between infections and deaths. The goodness of this procedure is assessed by means of a simulation study and the method is applied to the estimation of the CFR in Spain in the period from July 2020 to March 2022.
Dicentric chromosome assay using a deep learning-based automated system
Authors: Jeong Soo Kyung , Oh Su Jung , Kim Song-Hyun , Jang Seungsoo , Kang Yeong-Rok , Kim HyoJin , Kye Yong Uk , Lee Seong Hun , Lee Chang Geun , Park Moon-Taek , Kim Joong Sun , Jeong Min Ho , Jo Wol Soon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe dicentric chromosome assay is the “gold standard” in biodosimetry for estimating radiation exposure. However, its large-scale deployment is limited owing to its time-consuming nature and requirement for expert reviewers. Therefore, a recently developed automated system was evaluated for the dicentric chromosome assay. A previously constructed deep learning-based automatic dose-estimation system (DLADES) was used to construct dose curves and calculate estimated doses. Blood samples from two donors were exposed to cobalt-60 gamma rays (0–4 Gy, 0.8 Gy/min). The DLADES efficiently identified monocentric and dicentric chromosomes but showed impaired recognition of complete cells with 46 chromosomes. We estimated the chromosome number of each “Accepted” sample in the DLADES and sorted similar-quality images by removing outliers using the 1.5IQR method. Eleven of the 12 data points followed Poisson distribution. Blind samples were prepared for each dose to verify the accuracy of the estimated dose generated by the curve. The estimated dose was calculated using Merkle’s method. The actual dose for each sample was within the 95% confidence limits of the estimated dose. Sorting similar-quality images using chromosome numbers is crucial for the automated dicentric chromosome assay. We successfully constructed a dose–response curve and determined the estimated dose using the DLADES.
Construction of a machine learning-based artificial neural network for discriminating PANoptosis related subgroups to predict prognosis in low-grade gliomas
Authors: Chen GuanFei , He ZhongMing , Jiang Wenbo , Li LuLu , Luo Bo , Wang XiaoYu , Zheng XiaoLi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe poor prognosis of gliomas necessitates the search for biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes. Recent studies have shown that PANoptosis play an important role in tumor progression. However, the role of PANoptosis in in gliomas has not been fully clarified.Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) from TCGA and CGGA database were classified into two PANoptosis patterns based on the expression of PANoptosis related genes (PRGs) using consensus clustering method, followed which the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two PANoptosis patterns were defined as PANoptosis related gene signature. Subsequently, LGGs were separated into two PANoptosis related gene clusters with distinct prognosis based on PANoptosis related gene signature. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis confirmed the prognostic values of PANoptosis related gene cluster, based on which a nomogram model was constructed to predict the prognosis in LGGs. ESTIMATE algorithm, MCP counter and CIBERSORT algorithm were utilized to explore the distinct characteristics of tumor microenvironment (TME) between two PANoptosis related gene clusters. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) model based on machine learning methods was developed to discriminate distinct PANoptosis related gene clusters. Two external datasets were used to verify the performance of the ANN model. The Human Protein Atlas website and western blotting were utilized to confirm the expression of the featured genes involved the ANN model. We developed a machine learning based ANN model for discriminating PANoptosis related subgroups with drawing implications in predicting prognosis in gliomas.
Impact of model assumptions on the inference of the evolution of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in fungi
Authors: Sheikh Sanea , Khan Faheema Kalsoom , Bahram Mohammad , Ryberg Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEctomycorrhiza (ECM) is a symbiotic relation between plant and fungi that is essential for nutrient uptake of many stand forming trees. There are two conflicting views about the evolution of ECM in fungi suggesting (1) relatively few transitions to ECM followed by reversals to non-ECM, or (2) many independent origins of ECM and no reversals. In this study, we compare these, and other, hypotheses and test the impact of different models on inference. We assembled a dataset of five marker gene sequences (nuc58, nucLSU, nucSSU, rpb1, and rpb2) and 2,174 fungal taxa covering the three subphyla: Agaricomycotina, Mucoromycotina and Pezizomycotina. The fit of different models, including models with variable rates in clades or through time, to the pattern of ECM fungal taxa was tested in a Bayesian framework, and using AIC and simulations. We find that models implementing variable rates are a better fit than models without rate shift, and that the conclusion about the relative rate between ECM and non-ECM depend largely on whether rate shifts are allowed or not. We conclude that standard constant-rate ancestral state reconstruction models are not adequate for the analysis of the evolution of ECM fungi, and may give contradictory results to more extensive analyses.
Enhanced electrical conductivity and stretchability of ionic-liquid PEDOT:PSS air-cathodes for aluminium-air batteries with long lifetime and high specific energy
Authors: Machrafi Hatim , Iermano Fabio , Temsamani Souhail , Bobinac Ilija , Iorio Carlo S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA hydrogel film, poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT):polystyrenesulfonate (PSS), containing an ionic liquid, is used as an air–cathode for a metal-air battery and its performance is investigated. This work presents the development of the air–cathode and the characterization of its physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Moreover, in view of wearable batteries, these air-cathodes are implemented within a flexible aluminium-air battery. It contains an aluminium anode, an electrolyte made of cellulose paper imbibed with an aqueous sodium chloride solution and the PEDOT:PSS air–cathode. Characterisation tests showed that the ionic liquid did not change the air–cathode chemically, while the electric conductivity increased considerably. The anode has an acceptable purity and was found to be resistant against self-corrosion. Discharge tests showed operating voltages up to 0.65 V, whereas two batteries in series could deliver up to 1.3 V at a current density of 0.9 mA cm−2 for almost a day, sufficient for monitoring and medical devices. Several discharge tests with current densities from 0.25 up to 2.5 mA cm−2 have presented operating lifetimes from 10 h up until over a day. At a current density of 2.8 mA cm−2, the operating voltage and lifetime dropped considerably, explained by approaching the limiting current density of about 3 mA cm−2, as evidenced by linear sweep voltammetry. The batteries showed high specific energies up to about 3140 Wh kg−1. Mechanical tests revealed a sufficient stretchability of the air–cathode, even after battery discharge, implying an acceptable degree of wearability. Together with the reusability of the air–cathode, the battery is a promising route towards a low-cost viable way for wearable power supply for monitoring medical devices with long lifetimes and high specific energies. Optimization of the air–cathode could even lead to higher power applications.
Preparation and catalytic application of two different nanocatalysts based on hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) in synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives
Authors: Abdolahi Sahar , Gholamian Fatemeh , Hajjami Maryam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study describes the synthesis, characterization, and investigation of catalytic activity of xanthine-Ni complex (Xa-Ni) and 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide-Cu complex(PTSC-Cu) incorporated into functionalized hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS/Pr-Xa-Ni and HMS/Pr-PTSC-Cu). These useful mesoporous catalysts had been synthesized and identified using various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, adsorption–desorption of nitrogen, SEM, TEM, EDX-Map, TGA, AAS and ICP. These spectral techniques successfully confirmed the synthesis of the mesoporous catalysts. The catalytic activity of HMS/Pr-a-Ni (Catalyst A) and HMS/Pr-PTSC-Cu (Catalyst B) were evaluated for synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. HMS/Pr-PTSC-Cu exhibited higher efficiency in green media under milder reaction condition at room temperature. Furthermore, the synthesized nanocatalysts, exhibited appropriate recoverability that can be able to reuse for several times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
Non-ideal gas behavior matters in hydrodynamic instability
Authors: Ren Jie , Kloker Markus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydrodynamic instability, the foundation for flow’s laminar-turbulent transition and various predicting models, has been helping to understand the physics and shape the design of aerodynamic devices. While for hypersonic flow it is clear that thermodynamic/-chemical effects need be accounted for due to the high temperatures occurring, this letter unveils that also for low-speed flow at ambient temperatures non-ideal, i.e. real-gas effects can play a strong role—a feature missed by the classic theory for Newtonian fluids. By considering a three-dimensional low-speed boundary-layer flow in different thermodynamic regimes—subcritical, supercritical and transcritical—we show the importance of coupling thermodynamics by sensitivity studies of the perturbation growth rate to various inputs of the full stability equations. High sensitivities are found, and not only the transition-onset location but also the transition mechanism may be concerned.
Global ocean wave fields show consistent regional trends between 1980 and 2014 in a multi-product ensemble
Authors: Erikson L. , Morim J. , Hemer M. , Young I. , Wang X. L. , Mentaschi L. , Mori N. , Semedo A. , Stopa J. , Grigorieva V. , Gulev S. , Aarnes O. , Bidlot J.-R. , Breivik Ø. , Bricheno L. , Shimura T. , Menendez M. , Markina M. , Sharmar V. , Trenham C. , Wolf J. , Appendini C. , Caires S. , Groll N. , Webb A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHistorical trends in the direction and magnitude of ocean surface wave height, period, or direction are debated due to diverse data, time-periods, or methodologies. Using a consistent community-driven ensemble of global wave products, we quantify and establish regions with robust trends in global multivariate wave fields between 1980 and 2014. We find that about 30–40% of the global ocean experienced robust seasonal trends in mean and extreme wave height, period, and direction. Most of the Southern Hemisphere exhibited strong upward-trending wave heights (1–2 cm per year) and periods during winter and summer. Ocean basins with robust positive trends are far larger than those with negative trends. Historical trends calculated over shorter periods generally agree with satellite records but vary from product to product, with some showing a consistently negative bias. Variability in trends across products and time-periods highlights the importance of considering multiple sources when seeking robust change analyses.
A single-cell comparison of adult and fetal human epicardium defines the age-associated changes in epicardial activity
Authors: Knight-Schrijver Vincent R. , Davaapil Hongorzul , Bayraktar Semih , Ross Alexander D. B. , Kanemaru Kazumasa , Cranley James , Dabrowska Monika , Patel Minal , Polanski Krzysztof , He Xiaoling , Vallier Ludovic , Teichmann Sarah , Gambardella Laure , Sinha Sanjay 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRe-activating quiescent adult epicardium represents a potential therapeutic approach for human cardiac regeneration. However, the exact molecular differences between inactive adult and active fetal epicardium are not known. In this study, we combined fetal and adult human hearts using single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing and compared epicardial cells from both stages. We found that a migratory fibroblast-like epicardial population only in the fetal heart and fetal epicardium expressed angiogenic gene programs, whereas the adult epicardium was solely mesothelial and immune responsive. Furthermore, we predicted that adult hearts may still receive fetal epicardial paracrine communication, including WNT signaling with endocardium, reinforcing the validity of regenerative strategies that administer or reactivate epicardial cells in situ. Finally, we explained graft efficacy of our human embryonic stem-cell-derived epicardium model by noting its similarity to human fetal epicardium. Overall, our study defines epicardial programs of regenerative angiogenesis absent in adult hearts, contextualizes animal studies and defines epicardial states required for effective human heart regeneration.
Acetabular revision using trabecular titanium (Delta TT) revision cups: A retrospective case series
Authors: El Ghazawy Ahmed K. , Bassiony Ayman Abdelaziz , Abdelazim Haytham , Gameel Saleh 
Published: December 2022

Background: The annual rate of primary THA has been increasing with new designs promoting THA in the younger population, therefore increasing rates and complexity of hip revision surgeries. Different types of acetabular defects in hip revisions, usually make the use of primary cementless cups quite difficult. In complex defects, using cages with cemented cups or combining cementless cups with metal augments, are possible reconstruction solutions. The Delta TT acetabular revision system provides a solution to complex defects combining the advantages of both cage construct and primary implants, with modularity that helps restore anatomical hip centre and biomechanics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-term results of the use of the Delta TT revision system in acetabular revision surgeries. Type of the study: A retrospective case series. Methods: 24 patients underwent acetabular revision using (Delta TT) revision system, from 2018 to 2021. The mean follow-up was 20.75 months. Clinical and functional outcomes were assessed using Harris Hip Score. Results: The use of the Delta TT revision system in acetabular revision surgery provided adequate pain relief, and early patient mobilization. The preoperative HHS mean of 29.88 improved to a mean of 85.21, at the last, follow-up. None of the patients developed periprosthetic infection or loosening or nerve palsy during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Short-term clinical outcomes for the use of the Delta TT revision cup system in acetabular revision are encouraging with good functional outcomes and patient satisfaction.