bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication, Characterization and Removal of Methyl Orange, Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) in Aqueous Solutions by Low‐Cost Clay/Macadamia Nutshell Powder Ceramic Filters
Authors: Patrick Mubiayi Mukuna , Themba Mahlangu Oranso , Brilliance Mamba Bhekie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProducing drinking water from polluted water is expensive; thus, the fabrication of environmentally‐friendly and cost‐effective materials to treat polluted water is vital. A strategy involving the exploitation of waste resources to mitigate their impact on the environment has attracted special attention. This strategy is achievable by, among other things, developing materials including ceramic filters. In this study, natural clay, and macadamia nutshell powder were used to fabricate ceramic filters to remove methyl orange (MO), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) from aqueous solutions. The physicochemical characteristics of the fabricated filters were carried out and their ability to remove the pollutants was investigated. The filter with 20 wt% macadamia nutshell powder (M2) removed 92 %, 62 %, and 29 % of MO, Pb (II), and Cr (III), respectively. This was attributable to the high porosity of the filter as demonstrated by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis. Furthermore, there was an increase on the removal of Cr (29.71 % to 84.5 %) in the presence of other competing co‐metals, however, a drop in Pb removed was observed (62.99 % to 38.67 %). Turbidity removal of up to 97.2 % was achieved using the M2 filter. The reported filter fabrication approach is facile, easy to replicate without special training, and environmentally friendly.
Electrochemical Fabrication of 2D CuO Nanosheets on Pt Foil as a Highly Sensitive Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensor
Authors: Bhangoji Jagdish C. , Barile Christopher J. , Shendage Suresh S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA simple and environmentally‐friendly approach was developed to synthesize 2D CuO nanosheets using electrochemical deposition. The formed 2D CuO nanosheets (NSs) exhibit numerous advantageous properties such as no toxicity, high electrical conductivity, large active surface area, and a p‐type semiconducting nature with a band gap of 1.2 eV. A sensitive electrochemical sensor was constructed for the amperometric detection of glucose to take advantage of these characteristics. The fabricated sensor displayed an excellent sensitivity of 2710 μA mM−1 cm−2 along with a wide linear range of 0.001–1.0 mM and a lower limit of detection of 0.8 μM (S/N=3). Additionally, the modified electrode possesses high selectivity and good stability. The outstanding electrocatalytic performance of the electrode is attributed to a large active surface area, unique structural morphology, and the high conductivity of the 2D CuO nanosheets.
Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetic Modeling of the Congo Red (CR) and Indigo Carmine (IC) Dyes Removal onto Novel Bentonite Hybrid Material
Authors: Guezzen Brahim , Ech‐Chergui Abdelkader Nebatti , Elaziouti Abdelkader , Demey Hary , Zoukel Abdelhalim , Didi Mohamed Amine , Boudia Rafik Abdelkrim , Adjdir Mehdi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study focuses on investigating the adsorption characteristics of anionic Congo Red (CR) and Indigo Carmine (IC) dyes using hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide‐modified Bentonite (HDTMA‐Bentonite) with varying loading amounts. The removal effectiveness of anionic dyes was examined as a function of the HDTMA+ loaded amount, contact time, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The XRD data revealed that the interlayer spacing of Bentonite increased from 1.42 to 1.98 nm. The FTIR approach was used to analyze the surface modification of hybrid Bentonite; however, the hydrophobic nature of hybrid Bentonite was confirmed by ATG measurements. A kinetic investigation of sorption was done. The results demonstrated that the pseudo‐second‐order model fitted the adsorption kinetic data better than the pseudo‐first‐order rate equation, and that the amount of HDTMA+ loaded affects the adsorption capacity. According to the Weber‐Morris intra‐particle diffusion equation, the CR and IC dyes diffused faster as the amount of added cationic surfactant rose from 0 % to 100 % of the CEC value. Temkin and Langmuir equation is found to best represent the equilibrium data for two dye‐HDTMA‐B systems. Hybrid Bentonite was regenerated by NaOH, and reused without a significant decrease in its sorption efficiency, supporting the prosperity of its utilization as an effective adsorbent against toxic dyes from wastewater.
Size‐Dependent Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Zirconium Ferrite Prepared via a Sol‐Gel Route
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Kaur Raminder , Singh Satyendra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractZirconium ferrite (ZrFe2O4) nanoparticles with different sizes (43, 56 and 69 nm) were synthesized by the sol‐gel synthesis technique after calcination at 400, 600 and 800 °C, respectively. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) method was used to study the change in crystal structure with temperature andrevealed the increase inaverage crystallite sizewith the increase in calcination temperature.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to investigate the morphology and elemental analysis. The SEM study confirmed the spherical shape and homogenous distribution of the nanoparticles.The optical band gap reduced from 2.5 eV to 2.24 eV with an increase in particle size from 43 to 69 nm, studied using UV‐Vis spectroscopy.The ZrFe2O4nanoparticles with smaller particle size displayed better photocatalytic activities than that with larger particle size for the degradation of hazardous dyes methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) under UV radiation. The photodegradation of MB and RhB catalyzed by the ZrFe2O4nanoparticles was a pseudo‐first‐order reaction. The maximum degradation for MB and RhB was 70 % and 95 %,respectively, in just 120 minutes for the sample having the smallest size due to its large surface area.This study confirmed that the ZrFe2O4nanoparticles are apromisingcandidate for the catalysis of organic dyes through the redox reaction.
Development of a Multi‐Element Copper‐Phosphorus‐Based Electrode for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wei Mingyi , Wang Qingqing , Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Quansheng , Xie Jingying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe development of efficient, abundant, and inexpensive catalytic materials for hydrogen evolution is key to industrial water electrolysis for hydrogen production. In this study, we utilized an anodic dissolution method to form a layer of gray film on the surface of a commercially available copper‐phosphorus alloy plate. The composition of the gray film, as verified by characterization, was Ni2P/Ni12P5/Sn4P3/Cu3P@Cu. The heterogeneous interface of Ni2P/Ni12P5 and the amorphous structure of Sn4P3/Cu3P provide more exposed active sites. The effectiveness of the Ni2P/Ni12P5/Sn4P3/Cu3P@Cu as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution was demonstrated, with a corresponding hydrogen evolution overpotential of 73.10 mV and Tafel slope of 45.55 mV dec−1. Moreover, the outstanding stability of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) after 1000 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles in an alkaline medium infers its favorable electrocatalytic durability.
ZnO@SiO2 Nanocapsules: Efficient Fluorescence for Latent Fingerprint Detection
Authors: Zhai Jiali , Jiang Huan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs advanced fingerprint powders, fluorescent materials generally provide high sensitivity and improved contrast on the pigments or patterned surface, with high resolution. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles are used as fluorescent materials and are homogeneously embedded into SiO2 matrix to prepare ZnO@SiO2 nanocapsules. Compared with conventional methods, ZnO@SiO2 nanocapsules are fabricated using the transparent ethanol solution of ZnO NPs and n‐Octyltriethoxysilane without any surfactants. Interestingly, a large number of ZnO NPs can be homogeneously embedded in the silica matrix, reducing the aggregation‐induced quenching effect. The maximum emission of the ZnO@SiO2 nanocapsules powder is located at 530 nm under 325 nm irradiation, and the photoluminescence intensity and the sensitivity of latent fingerprints development depend on the quantity of ZnO NPs in the composites. The prepared fluorescent ZnO@SiO2 nanocapsules show outstanding property applied as effective fluorescent eikonogens for the high‐sensitivity visualization of latent fingerprints on different porous and non‐porous substrates. It has been demonstrated that ZnO@SiO2 nanocapsules compounds combine the admirable adhesion of silica powders to fingerprint residues with the excellent photoluminescence properties of ZnO to form a promising light‐emitting material for fingerprint.
Solution‐Phase Tuning of Emission of Divalent Europium
Authors: Worku Sara A. , Sangram Sahoo Swaraj , Allen Matthew J. , Maity Sandeepan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe key to developing smart light‐emitting systems lies in the ability to tune luminescence with only modest changes in the chemical environment. Divalent europium‐based luminophores are unique materials that access emissions ranging from the blue to red regions of the visible spectrum. Early studies demonstrate the tunability of the emission of EuII in solid‐state host lattices, and recent research has shown that altering counter anions, solvents, and ligands also enables tuning of the emission of EuII. These findings are supported by numerous publications, and mechanistic studies shed light on the underlying theories behind the tunable emissions of EuII. The purpose of this article is to present the most recent hypotheses and understanding regarding the effect of counter anions, solvents, and ligands on luminescence properties of EuII based systems.
Synthesis and Antineoplastic Efficacy of Anthraquinone and Saturated Fatty Acid Conjugates
Authors: Mishra Bijayashree , Acharya Pratap Chandra , De Utpal Chandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe clinical use of anthraquinone antibiotics such as doxorubicin in cancer chemotherapy is limited due to their toxic cardiomyopathy effects. The conjugation of anthraquinones with fatty acids is known to enhance bioactivity by increasing lipophilicity and facilitating cell membrane permeation. Short‐chain saturated fatty acids such as capric, caprylic, caproic acids, and lauric acids are known for their inherent anticancer properties on human colorectal cancer cells. In this study, 2‐hydroxyanthraquinone and saturated fatty acid esters were synthesized and evaluated against human colon cancer cell line HT‐29 and Colo‐205, breast cancer cell lines MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7, and leukemia cell line K‐562 for their in vitro anticancer properties using a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The anthraquinone‐saturated fatty acid conjugates produced excellent activity against human colon and breast cancer cell lines. The octanoic acid and hexanoic acid derivatives of 2‐hydroxy anthraquinone showed excellent anticancer activity with GI50 values of 0.2 nM and 1.0 nM against human colon cancer cell line Colo‐205 and the human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7, respectively, and emerged as the most active compounds. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxicity study against peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed that these derivatives are non‐toxic in nature.
Application of Silver Compounds in Fluoroorganic Synthesis: A Minireview
Authors: Leszczynski Piotr J. , Jadwiszczak Michal J. , Grochala Wojciech 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe mini‐review is focused on application of silver and its compounds in fluoroorganic synthesis, and it reflects immense progress in this field which took place during the last two decades, with additional examples of reactivity of historical importance. Reactions of C−H, C−F, N−H and O−H bond functionalization, as well as catalysis of cycloaddition reactions and intramolecular rearrangement, retro‐rearrangement, and functional group migrations, have been described. Whenever available in original works, the reaction mechanisms were discussed. Since silver may be catalytically active in each of its available oxidation states from (0), via (I) and (II) to (III) with their immensely diverse properties, the organofluorine part is preceded by a brief overview of chemistry of silver in general. Uniqueness of silver among Group 11 elements is highlighted.
3D Printable Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)‐Dextran Aqueous Two‐Phase System with Tunable Pores Structure and Size Enables Physiological Behavior of Embedded Cells In Vitro
Authors: Ben Messaoud Ghazi , Aveic Sanja , Wachendoerfer Mattis , Fischer Horst , Richtering Walter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe restricted porosity of most hydrogels established for in vitro 3D tissue engineering applications limits embedded cells with regard to their physiological spreading, proliferation, and migration behavior. To overcome these confines, porous hydrogels derived from aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) are an interesting alternative. However, while developing hydrogels with trapped pores is widespread, the design of bicontinuous hydrogels is still challenging. Herein, an ATPS consisting of photo‐crosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and dextran is presented. The phase behavior, monophasic or biphasic, is tuned via the pH and dextran concentration. This, in turn, allows the formation of hydrogels with three distinct microstructures: homogenous nonporous, regular disconnected‐pores, and bicontinuous with interconnected‐pores. The pore size of the latter two hydrogels can be tuned from ≈4 to 100 µm. Cytocompatibility of the generated ATPS hydrogels is confirmed by testing the viability of stromal and tumor cells. Their distribution and growth pattern are cell‐type specific but are also strongly defined by the microstructure of the hydrogel. Finally, it is demonstrated that the unique porous structure is sustained when processing the bicontinuous system by inkjet and microextrusion techniques. The proposed ATPS hydrogels hold great potential for 3D tissue engineering applications due to their unique tunable interconnected porosity.
Molecular‐Cling‐Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate Characterized via Ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene on SiOx/C Anode Materials – A New Perspective for Formerly Sub‐Sufficient SEI Forming Additive Compounds
Authors: Ghaur Adjmal , Pfeiffer Felix , Diddens Diddo , Peschel Christoph , Dienwiebel Iris , Du Leilei , Profanter Laurin , Weiling Matthias , Winter Martin , Placke Tobias , Nowak Sascha , Baghernejad Masoud 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEffective electrolyte compositions are of primary importance in raising the performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Recently, fluorinated cyclic phosphazenes in combination with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) have been introduced as promising electrolyte additives, which can decompose to form an effective dense, uniform, and thin protective layer on the surface of electrodes. Although the basic electrochemical aspects of cyclic fluorinated phosphazenes combined with FEC were introduced, it is still unclear how these two compounds interact constructively during operation. This study investigates the complementary effect of FEC and ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (EtPFPN) in aprotic organic electrolyte in LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O ∥ SiOx/C full cells. The formation mechanism of lithium ethyl methyl carbonate (LEMC)‐EtPFPN interphasial intermediate products and the reaction mechanism of lithium alkoxide with EtPFPN are proposed and supported by Density Functional Theory calculations. A novel property of FEC is also discussed here, called molecular‐cling‐effect (MCE). To the best knowledge, the MCE has not been reported in the literature, although FEC belongs to one of the most investigated electrolyte additives. The beneficial MCE of FEC toward the sub‐sufficient solid‐electrolyte interphase forming additive compound EtPFPN is investigated via gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, gas chromatography high resolution‐accurate mass spectrometry, in situ shell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.
Deterministic Magnetization Reversal in Synthetic Antiferromagnets using Natural Light
Authors: Du Yujing , Zhao Yifan , Wang Lei , He Zhexi , Wu Yangyang , Wang Chenying , Zhao Libo , Jiang Zhuangde , Liu Ming , Zhou Ziyao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTraditional current‐driven spintronics is limited by localized heating issues and large energy consumption, restricting their data storage density and operation speed. Meanwhile, voltage‐driven spintronics with much lower energy dissipation also suffers from charge‐induced interfacial corrosion. Thereby finding a novel way of tuning ferromagnetism is crucial for spintronics with energy‐saving and good reliability. Here, a visible light tuning of interfacial exchange interaction via photoelectron doping into synthetic antiferromagnetic heterostructure of CoFeB/Cu/CoFeB/PN Si substrate is demonstrated. Then, a complete, reversible magnetism switching between antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) states with visible light on and off is realized. Moreover, a visible light control of 180° deterministic magnetization switching with a tiny magnetic bias field is achieved. The magnetic optical Kerr effect results further reveal the magnetic domain switching pathway between AFM and FM domains. The first‐principle calculations conclude that the photoelectrons fill in the unoccupied band and raise the Fermi energy, which increases the exchange interaction. Lastly, a prototype device with visible light control of two states switching with a 0.35% giant magnetoresistance ratio change (maximal 0.4%), paving the way toward fast, compact, and energy‐efficient solar‐driven memories is fabricated.
Chromatographic separation to determine doxycycline monohydrate and ornidazole
Authors: Patel Bhoomi , Patel Satish 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance thin‐layer chromatography offers a variety of benefits that may assist you to save time and money, notably the capacity to run multiple samples at once and its reduced solvent usage. In alignment with the needs of molecular chemistry, it was also employed to modify and derivatize the stationary phase. Using a precise, accurate, as well as affordable high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography approach, the simultaneous measurement method for Doxycycline monohydrate and Ornidazole in the formulation has been developed and validated. Methanol: Iso‐propyl alcohol: Triethylamine (8:1.5:0.5, v/v/v) was used as the mobile phase during the separation, which took place on a stationary phase of pre‐treated derivatized silica gel aluminum plate 60 F254. At 285 nm, separated components were densitometrically measured. The method was validated for Linearity and range, precision, reproducibility, accuracy, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, and robustness as per the International Council for Harmonization Q2(R1) guideline. Doxycycline monohydrate and Ornidazole regression coefficients (R2) were found to be 0.9967 and 0.9964, accordingly. Doxycycline monohydrate and Ornidazole percentage recoveries were measured to be 99.74 ± 0.65 and 100.8 ± 1.17, respectively. The analytical findings demonstrate that the proposed approach could be used to quantify Doxycycline monohydrate and Ornidazole simultaneously in pharmaceutical formulation.
Hybrid Life: Integrating biological, artificial, and cognitive systems
Authors: Baltieri Manuel , Iizuka Hiroyuki , Witkowski Olaf , Sinapayen Lana , Suzuki Keisuke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArtificial life is a research field studying what processes and properties define life, based on a multidisciplinary approach spanning the physical, natural, and computational sciences. Artificial life aims to foster a comprehensive study of life beyond “life as we know it” and toward “life as it could be,” with theoretical, synthetic, and empirical models of the fundamental properties of living systems. While still a relatively young field, artificial life has flourished as an environment for researchers with different backgrounds, welcoming ideas, and contributions from a wide range of subjects. Hybrid Life brings our attention to some of the most recent developments within the artificial life community, rooted in more traditional artificial life studies but looking at new challenges emerging from interactions with other fields. Hybrid Life aims to cover studies that can lead to an understanding, from first principles, of what systems are and how biological and artificial systems can interact and integrate to form new kinds of hybrid (living) systems, individuals, and societies. To do so, it focuses on three complementary perspectives: theories of systems and agents, hybrid augmentation, and hybrid interaction. Theories of systems and agents are used to define systems, how they differ (e.g., biological or artificial, autonomous, or nonautonomous), and how multiple systems relate in order to form new hybrid systems. Hybrid augmentation focuses on implementations of systems so tightly connected that they act as a single, integrated one. Hybrid interaction is centered around interactions within a heterogeneous group of distinct living and nonliving systems. After discussing some of the major sources of inspiration for these themes, we will focus on an overview of the works that appeared in Hybrid Life special sessions, hosted by the annual Artificial Life Conference between 2018 and 2022.This article is categorized under:
Neuroscience > Cognition
Philosophy > Artificial Intelligence
Computer Science and Robotics > Robotics
Groundwater mapping and locally engaged water governance in a small island terrain: Case study of Karainagar island, Northern Sri Lanka
Authors: Karthiga Inthirakumaran , Rameshwaran Ponnambalam , Ketheesan Balachandran , Sriskandarajah Nadarajah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGroundwater is a vital resource under threat in island communities. Karainagar, a 22 km2island, is one of seven islands off the coast of Jaffna in Northern Sri Lanka, with its population of just about 11,000 persons, experiences seasonal water shortage, and salinity in groundwater as twin threats impacting on their lives. This paper reports on a 3‐year study (October 2019 to September 2022) to map groundwater dynamics of Karainagar island spatially and seasonally and discusses the patterns revealed in terms of community needs, policy implications, and governance ideas that could already be considered by relevant authorities and citizens jointly. Thirty‐six dug wells used for drinking, domestic, agricultural, and public purposes were selected, and water level, salinity, and pH changes recorded along with daily rainfall. This paper offers a thorough description of the geography, land use, distribution of wells, and water bodies, followed by discussion of the current status of the groundwater in Karainagar island. Year‐to‐year differences in rainfall pattern resulted in different rates of change and range in water level with a corresponding reverse pattern seen in salinity with some exceptions across the island. Cumulative rainfall required to reach full capacity of wells ranged from 652 to 892 mm over the 3 years with an average figure of 739 mm of rain. This implies that any further rainfall during early phase of the main rainy season is potential surface water for storage and runoff. Practices such as unregulated pumping and construction of tube wells are argued to be contributing to increase in salinity levels with health implications for residents. A participatory governance approach that overcomes limitations of the existing institutional approach is proposed. Its success based on broad stakeholder engagement, improved equity, and transparency when supported by adequate policies and village level aquifer monitoring will enable sustainability of groundwater resources in Karainagar.