bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The smallest PbS nanocrystals pervasively show decreased brightness, linked to surface-mediated decay on the average particle
Authors: Hasham Minhal , Green Philippe B. , Rahman Samihat , Villanueva Francisco Yarur , Imperiale Christian J. , Kirshenbaum Maxine J. , Wilson Mark W. B. 
Published: August 2023

PbS semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been heavily explored for infrared optoelectronics but can exhibit visible-wavelength quantum-confined optical gaps when sufficiently small (⌀ = 1.8–2.7 nm). However, small PbS NCs traditionally exhibited very broad ensemble absorption linewidths, attributed to poor size-heterogeneity. Here, harnessing recent synthetic advances, we report photophysical measurements on PbS ensembles that span this underexplored size range. We observe that the smallest PbS NCs pervasively exhibit lower brightness and anomalously accelerated photoluminescence decays—relative to the idealized photophysical models that successfully describe larger NCs. We find that effects of residual ensemble size-heterogeneity are insufficient to explain our observations, so we explore plausible processes that are intrinsic to individual nanocrystals. Notably, the anomalous decay kinetics unfold, surprisingly, over hundreds-of-nanosecond timescales. These are poorly matched to effects of direct carrier trapping or fine-structure thermalization but are consistent with non-radiative recombination linked to a dynamic surface. Thus, the progressive enhancement of anomalous decay in the smallest particles supports predictions that the surface plays an outsized role in exciton–phonon coupling. We corroborate this claim by showing that the anomalous decay is significantly remedied by the installation of a rigidifying shell. Intriguingly, our measurements show that the anomalous aspect of these kinetics is insensitive to temperature between T = 298 and 77 K, offering important experimental constraint on possible mechanisms involving structural fluctuations. Thus, our findings identify and map the anomalous photoluminescence kinetics that become pervasive in the smallest PbS NCs and call for targeted experiments and theory to disentangle their origin.
4D potential energy surface of NCCN–H2 collision: Rotational dynamics by p-H2 and o-H2 at interstellar temperatures
Authors: Kushwaha Apoorv , Dhilip Kumar T. J. 
Published: August 2023

The rotational excitation rates of NCCN species are studied for its collision with hydrogen (H2) in temperatures ranging from 1 to 100 K. Such collisions can occur in the interstellar medium with H2 in either para (p-) or ortho (o-) state, of which the p-H2 state can be approximated via its collision with He (using a scaling factor) or with a reduced rigid rotor-H2 surface (by averaging over various orientations of H2). In the current work, a four-dimensional (4D) ab initio potential energy surface (PES) is considered to study the collision dynamics of H2 in both p- and o-states and the results are compared with previous approximations. The 4D surface is constructed using the explicitly correlated coupled-cluster method CCSD(T)-F12b with the augmented triple zeta basis AVTZ and then fitted into an artificial neural networks (NN) model to augment the surface and account for missing data points. The radial coefficients are obtained from this NN fitted 4D PES via a least square fit over two spherical harmonics functions. The cross sections (σ) are computed using the close-coupling (CC) method (until 230 cm−1) for both p- and o-H2 collisions, and the rates are obtained by Boltzmann distribution over the translational energy of H2 until 100 K. The o-H2 rates are found to be higher by 25%–30% and 10%–20% compared to the p-H2 rates for Δj = 2 and higher order transitions, respectively. The coupled-state/centrifugal sudden approximated rates are also computed and found to have deviations as large as 40% when compared to CC rates, thus making quantitative descriptions unreliable.
Impact of cosmology on Lorentz Invariance Violation constraints from GRB time-delays
Authors: Staicova Denitsa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPutting constraints on a possible Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) from astrophysical sources such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is essential for finding evidences of new theories of quantum gravity (QG) that predict an energy-dependent speed of light. This search has its own difficulties, so usually, the effect of the cosmological model is understudied, with the default model being a fixed-parameters ΛCDM.In this work, we use various astrophysical datasets to study the effect of a number of dark energy models on LIV constraints. To this end, we combine two public time-delay (TD) GRB datasets with the supernovae Pantheon dataset, several measurements of angular baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO), the cosmic microwave background (CMB) distance prior and an optional GRB or quasars dataset. For the LIV parameterα, we find the expected from previous works average value ofα∼4×10−4, corresponding toEQG⩾1017 GeV for both TD datasets, with the second one being more sensitive to the cosmological model. The cosmology results in a minimum 20% deviation in our constraints on the energy. Interestingly, adding the TD points makes the DE models less-preferable statistically and shifts the value of the parameterc/(H0rd)down, making it smaller than the expected value. We observe that possible LIV measurements critically depend on the transparency of the assumptions behind the published data concerning cosmology, and taking this into account may be an important contribution in the case of possible detection.
Quantum sensing of microwave electric fields based on Rydberg atoms
Authors: Yuan Jinpeng , Yang Wenguang , Jing Mingyong , Zhang Hao , Jiao Yuechun , Li Weibin , Zhang Linjie , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Microwave electric field (MW E-field) sensing is important for a wide range of applications in the areas of remote sensing, radar astronomy and communications. Over the past decade, Rydberg atoms have been used in ultrasensitive, wide broadband, traceable, stealthy MW E-field sensing because of their exaggerated response to MW E-fields, plentiful optional energy levels and integratable preparation methods. This review first introduces the basic concepts of quantum sensing, the properties of Rydberg atoms and the principles of quantum sensing of MW E-fields with Rydberg atoms. An overview of this very active research direction is gradually expanding, covering the progress of sensitivity and bandwidth in Rydberg atom-based microwave sensing, superheterodyne quantum sensing with microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms, quantum-enhanced sensing of MW E-field and recent advanced quantum measurement systems and approaches to further improve the performance of MW E-field sensing. Finally, a brief outlook on future development directions is provided.
Kinetic study of the bifurcation of resonant magnetic perturbations for edge localized mode suppression in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Markl Markus , Ulbl Philipp , Albert Christopher G. , Angioni Clemente , Buchholz Rico , Heyn Martin F. , Kasilov Sergei V. , Kernbichler Winfried , Suttrop Wolfgang , Willensdorfer Matthias ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The correlation between the bifurcation of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) to the unshielded state and edge localized mode (ELM) suppression in ASDEX Upgrade is studied using a kinetic plasma response model numerically and analytically. For the numerical studies, the linear kinetic Maxwell solver KiLCA for cylindrical geometry and the quasilinear transport code QL-Balance are used in combination with the ideal MHD solver GPEC to account for realistic tokamak geometry. Based on this modelling, a numerical local bifurcation criterion is introduced which estimates the effect of RMP-induced temperature plateau formation in the resonant layer. Its analytical form is derived in constant-psi approximation. The kinetic model reproduces the known gyrocenter resonance,

E
r

=
0

, and the electron fluid resonance. In contrast to MHD theory, the latter is located at the zero of the perpendicular electron fluid velocity computed only with half of the electron temperature gradient. The application of the criterion to experimental data shows a correlation between bifurcation and the ELM suppression phase. Moreover, an electron density limit is found resembling the one observed in experiments.
Performance of a front-end prototype ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity timing detector
Authors: Agapopoulou C. , Beresford L.A. , Boumediene D.E. , Castillo García L. , Conforti S. , de la Taille C. , Corpe L.D. , Da Cunha Sargedas de Sousa M.J. , Dinaucourt P. , Falou A. , Gautam V. , Gong D. , Grieco C. , Grinstein S. , Guindon S. , Howard A. , Kurdysh O. , Kuwertz E. , Li C. , Makovec N. , Markovic B. , Martin-Chassal G. , Mazini R. , Milke C. , Morenas M. , Perrin O. , Raskina V. , Rizzi C. , Ruckman L. , Rummler A. , Sacerdoti S. , Saito G. , Seguin-Moreau N. , Serin L. , Yang X. , Ye J. , Zhou W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the design and characterisation of a front-end prototype ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector, which is planned for the High-Luminosity phase of the LHC.
This prototype, called ALTIROC1, consists of a 5 × 5-pad matrix and contains the analog
part of the single-channel readout (preamplifier, discriminator, two TDCs and SRAM).
Two preamplifier architectures (transimpedance and voltage) were implemented and tested.
The ASIC was characterised both alone and as a module when connected to a 5 × 5-pad array of LGAD sensors.
In calibration measurements, the ASIC operating alone was found to satisfy the technical requirements for the project, with similar performances for both preamplifier types. In particular, the jitter was found to be 15 ± 1 ps (35 ± 1 ps) for an injected charge of 10 fC (4 fC).
A degradation in performance was observed when the ASIC was connected to the LGAD array. This is attributed to digital couplings at the entrance of the preamplifiers.
When the ASIC is connected to the LGAD array, the lowest detectable charge increased from 1.5 fC to 3.4 fC. As a consequence, the jitter increased for an injected charge of 4 fC. Despite this increase, ALTIROC1 still satisfies the maximum jitter specification (below 65 ps) for the HGTD project.
This coupling issue also affects the time over threshold measurements and the time-walk correction can only be performed with transimpedance preamplifiers.
Beam test measurements with a pion beam at CERN were also undertaken to evaluate the performance of the module. The best time resolution obtained using only ALTIROC TDC data was 46.3 ± 0.7 ps for a restricted time of arrival range where the coupling issue is minimized.
The residual time-walk contribution is equal to 23 ps and is the dominant electronic noise contribution to the time resolution at 15 fC.
High average power ultrafast laser technologies for driving future advanced accelerators
Authors: Kiani Leily , Zhou Tong , Bahk Seung-Whan , Bromage Jake , Bruhwiler David , Campbell E. Michael , Chang Zenghu , Chowdhury Enam , Downer Michael , Du Qiang , Esarey Eric , Galvanauskas Almantas , Galvin Thomas , Häfner Constantin , Hoffmann Dieter , Joshi Chan , Kanskar Manoj , Lu Wei , Menoni Carmen , Messerly Michael , Mirov Sergey B. , Palmer Mark , Pogorelsky Igor , Polyanskiy Mikhail , Power Erik , Reagan Brendan , Rocca Jorge , Rothenberg Joshua , Schmidt Bruno E. , Sistrunk Emily , Spinka Thomas , Tochitsky Sergei , Vafaei-Najafabadi Navid , van Tilborg Jeroen , Wilcox Russell , Zuegel Jonathan , Geddes Cameron 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Large scale laser facilities are needed to advance the
energy frontier in high energy physics and accelerator
physics. Laser plasma accelerators are core to advanced accelerator
concepts aimed at reaching TeV electron electron colliders. In these
facilities, intense laser pulses drive plasmas and are used to
accelerate electrons to high energies in remarkably short
distances. A laser plasma accelerator could in principle reach high
energies with an accelerating length that is 1000 times shorter than
in conventional RF based accelerators. Notionally, laser driven
particle beam energies could scale beyond state of the art
conventional accelerators. LPAs have produced multi GeV electron
beams in about 20 cm with relative energy spread of about 2
percent, supported by highly developed laser technology. This
validates key elements of the US DOE strategy for such accelerators
to enable future colliders but extending best results to date to a
TeV collider will require lasers with higher average power. While
the per pulse energies envisioned for laser driven colliders are
achievable with current lasers, low laser repetition rates limit
potential collider luminosity. Applications will require rates of
kHz to tens of kHz at Joules of energy and high efficiency, and a
collider would require about 100 such stages, a leap from current Hz
class LPAs. This represents a challenging 1000 fold increase in
laser repetition rates beyond current state of the art. This
whitepaper describes current research and outlook for candidate
laser systems as well as the accompanying broadband and high damage
threshold optics needed for driving future advanced accelerators.
Biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers loaded with amoxicillin and salicylic acid to prevent wound infections
Authors: Aydin Ayca , Ulag Songul , Sahin Ali , Aksu Burak , Gunduz Oguzhan , Ustundag Cem Bulent , Marinas Ioana Cristina , Georgescu Mihaela , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Diabetic wounds are one of the most challenging clinical conditions in diabetes, necessitating the development of new treatments to foster healing and prevent microbial contamination. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol was used as a matrix polymer, and amoxicillin (AMX) and salicylic acid (SA) were selected as bioactive compounds with antimicrobial (with AMX) and anti-inflammatory action (with SA) to obtain innovative drug-loaded electrospun nanofiber patches for the management of diabetic wounds. Scanning electron microscope images revealed the uniform and beadless structure of the nanofiber patches. Mechanical tests indicated that AMX minimally increased the tensile strength, while SA significantly reduced it. The patches demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) strains. The potential of these patches in the development of novel wound dressings is highlighted by the excellent biocompatibility with fibroblast cells maintained for up to 7 d.
Optimized osteogenesis of porcine bone-derived xenograft through surface coating of magnesium-doped nanohydroxyapatite
Authors: Xing Yihan , Zhong Xinyi , Chen Shoucheng , Wu Shiyu , Chen Kaidi , Li Xiyan , Su Mengxi , Liu Xingchen , Zhong Juan , Chen Zetao , Pan Haobo , Chen Zhuofan , Liu Quan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As one of the key factors influencing the outcome of guided bone regeneration, the currently used xenografts possess insufficient capability in osteogenesis. With the aim of improving the osteogenic performance of xenografts, porcine bone-derived hydroxyapatite (PHA) was prepared and subsequently coated by magnesium-doped nano hydroxyapatite (nMgHA, 10%, 20%, and 30% of Mg/Ca + Mg) through a straightforward and cost-efficient approach. The physiochemical and biological properties of nMgHA/PHAs were examined in vitro and in vivo. The inherent three-dimensional (3D) porous framework with the average pore size of 300 μm was well preserved in nMgHA/PHAs. Meanwhile, excess magnesium released from the so-called ‘surface pool’ of PHA was verified. In contrast, slower release of magnesium at lower concentrations was detected for nMgHA/PHAs. Significantly more newly-formed bone and microvessels were observed in 20%nMgHA/PHA than the other specimens. With the limitations of the present study, it could be concluded that PHA coated by 20%nMgHA may have the optimized osteogenic performance due to the elimination of the excess magnesium from the ‘surface pool’, the preservation of the inherent 3D porous framework with the favorable pore size, and the release of magnesium at an appropriate concentration that possessed osteoimmunomodulatory effects on macrophages.
Important non-local effects of deforestation on cloud cover changes in CMIP6 models
Authors: Hua Wenjian , Zhou Liming , Dai Aiguo , Chen Haishan , Liu Yi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recent satellite and in-situ measurements show that forests can influence regional and global cloud cover through biophysical processes. However, forest’s possible local and non-local impacts on clouds remain unclear. By analyzing the model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, here we show that deforestation-induced cloud cover changes have a strong latitudinal dependence, with decreased cloudiness in the tropics but increased cloudiness in the temperate and boreal regions. We further disentangle the local and non-local effects in influencing the cloudiness changes in model simulations. Results show that deforestation leads to a local cloud reduction in the tropics and a non-local cloud enhancement in the temperate and boreal regions. We demonstrate that the relationship between changes in cloud cover and deforestation would be misinterpreted without considering the non-local signals. Furthermore, our modeling results are inconsistent with recent observational studies, with enhanced clouds in model simulations but reduced clouds in observations in the temperate and boreal regions. Further efforts to explore the non-local effect and to reduce the model uncertainty could help advance our understanding of the biophysical effects of deforestation.
Hot deformation and fatigue behaviour of a zinc base doped biocompatible material: characterization of plasma spray coating on surface
Authors: B Vinod , Sonagiri Suresh , S Sunil Kumar Reddy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Composite materials are natural or man-made substances put into the body to turn a living cell into a working organ. Bone tissue and biocompatibility are emerging as an alternative approach to regenerating bone due to some distinct advantages over autografting. This research aimed to fabricate a novel porous scaffold that can be utilized as a bone substitute. Zn-nHApx-Srx (x = 0, 3, 6, 9) was selected by different weight ratios and synthesized using the powder metallurgy method. The utilization of nanohydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is due to its excellent biocompatibility with the human body. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is incorporated to get enhanced biological performance. Plasma spray coating was performed on a zinc substrate using pure and doped biocomposites calcined at 800 °C. The biocomposites tensile strength increased between 0.4 and 19.8 MPa by increasing Zn and Sr weight ratios. In addition, 3% Sr/2.5% Zn with 2% of nHAp-PLGA composite showed improved hardness, which is beneficial for resembling bone tissue and die-casting fittings in automobile manufacturing applications. Mechanical properties, FT-IR, hot deformation behaviour, and SEM techniques help us understand the behaviour of Zn-Sr-nHAp in a vial containing PLGA. The highest ultimate tensile strength of 182 MPa and improved flow softening behaviour are achieved in a coated Zn/6% (nHAp-Sr) mixture suitable for biodegradable implant applications.
Evaluating the angiogenic and mechanical properties of hydrogels and physical constructs derived from spinal cord meninges extracellular matrix
Authors: Samancioglu Aybuke , Aydin Beyza , Ozudogru Eren , Arslan Yavuz Emre 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The vasculature is an integral unit of the tissue microenvironment due to providing nutrients and oxygen to surrounding cells. Therefore, pro-angiogenic biomaterials have the potential to improve the success of a wide range of medical therapies, including tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery. Herein, we decellularized bovine spinal cord meninges with Triton X-100 and digested them with pepsin to obtain a hydrogel (MeninGEL). The cryogel form of the MeninGEL was also prepared by lyophilization process (named as MeninRIX). DNA content analysis showed that the nuclear content was significantly reduced by 98.6% after decellularization process. Furthermore, the effect of decellularization on extracellular matrix components was investigated with glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and hydroxyproline (HYP) content analyses. Tensile, compression, and suture retention tests were performed to elucidate the mechanical properties. The physiological degradation behavior of the bioscaffolds was investigated by hydrolytically. Both MeninGEL and MeninRIX have good biocompatibility and pro-angiogenic properties, as proved by the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay. Moreover, SEM and histological analyses indicated cellular migration, attachment, and dynamism on the bioscaffolds’ surfaces. On the basis of these data, MeninGEL and MeninRIX are pro-angiogenic structures and have adequate mechanical properties, which makes them promising candidates for soft regenerative medicine applications.
Modeling and compensation of twist error of helical gear with lead modification in continuous generating grinding
Authors: He Kun , Wang Aoting , Du Yanbin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A compensating method based on continuously deflecting the dressing wheel is proposed to eliminate the twist error of the lead modification tooth flank. Combining the tooth flank contact trace and the lead modification curve, the mechanism of the twist error is first analyzed. Second, a tooth profile error model is developed at the upper and lower end faces. The flank twist amount is calculated by subtracting the tooth profile error at the upper and lower end faces. Then, the profile slope deviation of the twisted tooth flank is transformed into the pressure angle deviation of the tooth profile, and the method of compensating the pressure angle of the worm wheel is applied to eliminate the pressure angle deviation of the tooth flank caused by the twist error. The grinding partition of the worm wheel is performed according to the diagonal grinding process, and a worm wheel dressing method for continuously deflecting the dressing wheel is provided to compensate for the twist error. Finally, the continuous generating grinding experiment of the lead modification gear verifies the feasibility of the proposed method.
Taxonomic and functional structure of understorey bird assemblages on Amazonian seasonally flooded river islands
Authors: De Jesus Diniz Priscilla , Baccaro Fabrício beggiato , Borges Sérgio henrique 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The seasonal inundation of the floodplains of the Amazonian rivers is a natural and strong environmental filter for biota. Its effects on the taxonomic and functional attributes of assemblages, however, remain poorly understood. We investigated the taxonomic and trait diversity of understorey bird assemblages on fluvial islands subject to dramatic seasonal flooding in the Amazon. Birds were captured using mist-nets on ten fluvial islands and at 17 sites in unflooded terra firme forests. We captured 1552 individuals of 116 bird species in 4144 net-hours. Average capture rates were similar between the forest types, but species diversity was higher in terra firme forests. The bird assemblages of the islands showed higher species dominance, with only three species accounting for 47% of the individuals captured. Functional space was occupied similarly in both bird assemblages, as indicated by functional dispersion indices (Fdis). In contrast, functional evenness (Feve) was lower in the river island assemblages indicating that the dominant species share similar traits. Functional divergence indices (Fdiv) showed substantial niche differentiation between the bird assemblages of the two forest types. Low inter-annual variability in avian taxonomic and trait diversity was observed in river islands, probably associated with the predictability of the flooding regime.