bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leukocyte Count and Coronary Artery Disease Events in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Avery Emma F , Kleynhans Julia N , Ledergerber Bruno , Schoepf Isabella C , Thorball Christian W , Kootstra Neeltje A , Reiss Peter , Ryom Lene , Braun Dominique L , Thurnheer Maria C , Marzolini Catia , Seneghini Marco , Bernasconi Enos , Cavassini Matthias , Buvelot Hélène , Kouyos Roger D , Fellay Jacques , Günthard Huldrych F , Tarr Philip E ,   for the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Boni J , Braun DL , Bucher HC , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux CA , Gunthard HF , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch HH , Hoffmann M , Hosli I , Huber M , Kahlert CR , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos RD , Kovari H , Ledergerber B , Martinetti G , de Martinez Tejada B , Marzolini C , Metzner KJ , Muller N , Nicca D , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Rudin C , Scherrer AU , Schmid P , Speck R , Stockle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Vernazza P , Wandeler G , Weber R , Yerly S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) have increased cardiovascular risk. Higher leukocyte count has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) events in the general population. It is unknown whether the leukocyte-CAD association also applies to PWH.

Methods
In a case-control study nested within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, we obtained uni- and multivariable odds ratios (OR) for CAD events, based on traditional and HIV-related CAD risk factors, leukocyte count, and confounders previously associated with leukocyte count.

Results
We included 536 cases with a first CAD event (2000–2021; median age, 56 years; 87% male; 84% with suppressed HIV RNA) and 1464 event-free controls. Cases had higher latest leukocyte count before CAD event than controls (median [interquartile range], 6495 [5300–7995] vs 5900 [4910–7200]; P &lt; .01), but leukocytosis (&gt;11 000/µL) was uncommon (4.3% vs 2.1%; P = .01). In the highest versus lowest leukocyte quintile at latest time point before CAD event, participants had univariable CAD-OR = 2.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.63–3.15) and multivariable adjusted CAD-OR = 1.59 (1.09–2.30). For comparison, univariable CAD-OR for dyslipidemia, diabetes, and recent abacavir exposure were 1.58 (1.29–1.93), 2.19 (1.59–3.03), and 1.73 (1.37–2.17), respectively. Smoking and, to a lesser degree, alcohol and ethnicity attenuated the leukocyte-CAD association. Leukocytes measured up to 8 years before the event were significantly associated with CAD events.

Conclusions
PWH in Switzerland with higher leukocyte counts have an independently increased risk of CAD events, to a degree similar to traditional and HIV-related risk factors.
An unusual case of recurrence of papillary fibroelastoma: a case report
Authors: Greeshma S , Palangadan S , Leena devi K R , Vijayaraghavan G 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Papillary fibroelastomas (PFEs) are uncommon primary cardiac tumours and their recurrence after resection is rare.

Case summary
A 32-year-old woman, who was evaluated for recurrent embolic stroke, was found to have lesions on mitral leaflets on echocardiography. The mitral leaflets were otherwise normal with no clinical or laboratory evidence of infective endocarditis. Transthoracic, as well as transesophageal echocardiography, revealed masses on mitral leaflets, which remained almost the same over 3 years. A tentative diagnosis of PFE on the mitral valve was made. She had undergone intra-cardiac excision of mitral valve mass along with ring annuloplasty in February 2020. In November 2021, during her regular follow-up visit, transthoracic echocardiography revealed the recurrence of the masses on mitral leaflets with severe mitral regurgitation. She underwent mitral valve replacement and excision of tumour masses. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of recurrent PFE.

Discussion
Recurrence of PFEs is rare. We report a rare case of histologically proven recurrence of PFE of the mitral valve. This highlights the importance of routine post-operative echocardiographic follow-up in patients with PFE.
Widespread reticulate evolution in an adaptive radiation
Authors: DeBaun Dylan , Rabibisoa Nirhy , Raselimanana Achille P , Raxworthy Christopher J , Burbrink Frank T 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A fundamental assumption of evolutionary biology is that phylogeny follows a bifurcating process. However, hybrid speciation and introgression are becoming more widely documented in many groups. Hybrid inference studies have been historically limited to small sets of taxa, while exploration of the prevalence and trends of reticulation at deep time scales remains unexplored. We study the evolutionary history of an adaptive radiation of 109 gemsnakes in Madagascar (Pseudoxyrhophiinae) to identify potential instances of introgression. Using several network inference methods, we find 12 reticulation events within the 22-million-year evolutionary history of gemsnakes, producing 28% of the diversity for the group, including one reticulation that resulted in the diversification of an 18 species radiation. These reticulations are found at nodes with high gene tree discordance and occurred among parental lineages distributed along a north-south axis that share similar ecologies. Younger hybrids occupy intermediate contact zones between the parent lineages showing that post-speciation dispersal in this group has not eroded the spatial signatures of introgression. Reticulations accumulated consistently over time, despite drops in overall speciation rates during the Pleistocene. This suggests that while bifurcating speciation rates may decline as the result of species accumulation and environmental change, speciation by hybridization may be more robust to these processes.
Dry eye in primary care: the relationship between digital display device usage and dry eye syndrome (DES) in medical students
Authors: Utlu Elif Sedanur , Bayraktar Mustafa , Utlu Bahadır 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
As digital display devices become more and more indispensable, associated health problems have started to increase. We aimed to investigate the frequency and relationship of digital display device usage behaviours and dry eye syndrome (DES) in medical students.

Methods
An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on medical school students who voluntarily participated in our study online, about the duration and variety of their digital screen use, usage patterns, and protective measures, together with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Where necessary, the Schirmer-I, tear break-up time, and fluorescein staining tests were carried out.

Results
Of the 255 participants, 75.3% (n = 192) were female, 63.1% (n = 161) had no refractive vision defects, and 45.9% used smartphones for more than 5 h a day. According to the OSDI scores for DES screening, only 36.1% of the participants were normal, 17.3% had mild DES, 20.4% had moderate DES, and 26.3% had severe DES. A positive correlation was found between digital display usage time in hours per day and a high OSDI score. As the distance between the eye and the screen decreased, the DES score increased, which is significant for computer, e-book, and tablet use (P &lt; 0.005). The DES rate of the 25 participants who underwent further evaluation was 40% for the tear break-up time test and 52% for the fluorescein staining test.

Conclusion
The high prevalence of DES due to digital screen use among medical school students highlights the importance of DES screening as a preventive measure in family medicine.
Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp 245 inoculation affects cell wall and polyamines metabolisms in cucumber seedling roots
Authors: Pereyra Cintia Mariana , Dal Lago Claudia Cristina , Creus Cecilia Mónica , Pereyra María Alejandra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp 245 is a model plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. The first cross-talk with plants takes place within the roots. Roots cells growth is constrained by the primary cell wall (CW). Also, neighboring CW form the apoplast that should affect cells signaling and biochemical messages. Studies on CW phenolic composition ferulate (FA), diferulates (DFA) and p-coumarate and polyamines (PA) metabolisms of A. baldaniorum Sp 245- inoculated roots and on bacterial PA production in culture media should help to understand more about the mechanisms involved in Azospirillum-root association. For this purpose, CW-bound FA, DFA and p-coumarate contents, putrescine (put) and spermidine contents, diamine and polyamine oxidases activities, and H2O2 content of Cucumis sativus roots from dark grown seedlings inoculated with A. baldaniorum Sp 245 were determined. Also, bacterial PA production under constant agitation or static conditions was evaluated. Results showed lesser contents of all phenolics, and higher FA/DFA ratio in CW of inoculated roots that should be responsible for roots growth promotion. Also, the increased put content, DAO activity, and H2O2 production in the roots should be associated to A. baldaniorum Sp 245 growth promotion in early stages. Finally, the participation of both PA in A. baldaniorum Sp 245 biofilm formation was demonstrated.
Hypersurface curvatures of geological features
Authors: Ravve Igor , Tertois Anne-Laure , de Ribet Bruno , Koren Zvi 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYReflector-normal angles and reflector-curvature parameters are the principal geometric attributes used in seismic interpretation for characterizing the orientations and shapes, respectively, of geological reflecting surfaces. Commonly, the input data set for their computation consists of fine 3-D grids of scalar fields representing either the seismic-driven reflectivities (e.g. amplitudes of 3-D seismic migrated volumes) or model-driven reflectivities, computed, for example, from the derived elastic impedance parameters. Conventionally, the computation of curvature parameters at each gridpoint is based on analysing the local change in the inline/crossline dips, considering the potential existence of a local quadratic reflecting surface in the vicinity of that point. This assumption breaks down for subsurface points in the vicinity of either complex reflecting surfaces (e.g. brittle/rough/tilted synclines/anticlines, ridges/troughs and saddles) and/or sharp, discontinuous geological features (e.g. fault edges/tips, pinch-outs, fracture systems, channels and small geobodies), where the values of the computed curvature become extremely high. However, while these high values can indicate the existence of non-reflecting objects, they do not deliver their specific geometric characteristics. In this study, we present a novel method that better characterizes the shapes of these complex geological features by extending the assumption of local surfaces (2-D surfaces in 3-D space) into local hypersurfaces (3-D hypersurfaces in 4-D space), with their corresponding (three rather than two) principal (and effective) curvature parameters. We demonstrate the advantages of our method by comparing the conventional dip-based surface curvature parameters with the hypersurface curvature parameters, using a synthetic model/image with different types and shapes of geological features and a seismic image of real data containing a complex fault and hidden buried channels.
Statistically optimal estimation of surface mass anomalies by directly using GRACE level-2 spherical harmonic coefficients as measurements
Authors: Chang Guobin , Qian Nijia , Bian Shaofeng 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYPoint-mass inversion is widely employed in GRACE level-2 data processing. Conventionally, the spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients are used indirectly: a set of pseudo measurements is generated first using the SH coefficients through SH synthesis; then the point-mass inversion is done with these pseudo measurements. To be statistically optimal, the covariance matrix of pseudo measurements should be calculated and used to appropriately weigh the parameter estimation. In this work, we propose a statistically optimal point-mass inversion scheme by directly using the SH coefficients as measurements. We prove the equivalence between this direct approach and the conventional indirect approaches. We also demonstrated their comparable performance through both simulation and real GRACE data processing. Choosing and calculating pseudo measurements, propagating covariance matrix and potentially dealing with the singularity of the covariance matrix involved in the conventional indirect approaches are avoided in the proposed direct approach. This statistically optimal direct approach can readily be employed in mascon inversion of GRACE data and other radial basis functions-based approaches in regional gravity modeling.
Bi-allelic humanTEKT3mutations cause male infertility with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia owing to acrosomal hypoplasia and reduced progressive motility
Authors: Liu Yiyuan , Li Yuqian , Meng Lanlan , Li Kuokuo , Gao Yang , Lv Mingrong , Guo Rui , Xu Yuping , Zhou Ping , Wei Zhaolian , He Xiaojin , Cao Yunxia , Wu Huan , Tan Yueqiu , Hua Rong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) can result in male infertility owing to reduced sperm motility and abnormal spermatozoan morphology. The Tektins are a family of highly conserved filamentous proteins expressed in the axoneme and associated structures in many different metazoan species. Earlier studies on mice identified Tektin3 (Tekt3) as a testis-enriched gene, and knockout of Tekt3 resulted in asthenozoospermia in the mice. Here, whole-exome sequencing of 100 males with asthenozoospermia from unrelated families was performed, followed by Sanger sequencing, leading to the identification of TEKT3 as a candidate gene in two of these patients and their associated family members. In total, three mutations in the TEKT3 gene were identified in both these patients, including one homozygous deletion–insertion mutation (c.543_547delinsTTGAT: p.Glu182*) and one compound heterozygous mutation (c.[548G &gt; A]; [752A &gt; C], p.[Arg183Gln]; [Gln251Pro]). Both of these mutations resulted in the complete loss of TEKT3 expression. The patients were both found to produce sperm that, although those showed no apparent defects in the flagellar structure, had reduced progressive motility. In contrast to mice, most sperm from these two patients exhibited acrosomal hypoplasia, although this did not prevent the use of the sperm for in vitro fertilization through an ICSI approach. TEKT3 was found to bind to other TEKT proteins, suggesting that these proteins form a complex within human spermatozoa. Overall, these results suggest that a loss of TEKT3 function can contribute to OAT incidence in humans. TEKT3 deficiencies can reduce sperm motility and contribute to severe acrosomal hypoplasia in spermatozoa, compromising their normal function.
Sweets and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Patients Favor Artificial Sweeteners and Diet Foods/Drinks Over Table Sugar and Consume Less Fruits/Vegetables
Authors: Basson Abigail Raffner , Katz Jeffry , Singh Sargun , Celio Fabiano , Cominelli Fabio , Rodriguez-Palacios Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
While artificial sweeteners are deemed safe, preclinical studies indicate that artificial sweeteners contribute to gastrointestinal inflammation. Little is known about patients’ perceptions and consumption of artificial sweeteners in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We surveyed the consumption frequency and beliefs of IBD patients and control participants regarding artificial sweeteners.

Methods
We surveyed 130 individuals (IBD patients, n = 93; control/non-IBD participants, n = 37) among our tertiary hospital population to determine consumption frequency and beliefs regarding artificial sweeteners (Splenda/sucralose, Stevia/stevia, NutraSweet/Equal/aspartame). A 14-question questionnaire surveyed the frequency of 9 dietary habits, preferences, and beliefs on health benefits of commercial artificial sweeteners, using the following as positive and negative control questions: table sugar, water, fruits/vegetables, and coconut-oil, among others.

Results
Despite the similarity in yes/no consumption data, artificial sweeteners (Q4 t test P = .023) and diet (low calorie) foods/drinks (Q4 t test P = .023) were consumed more frequently by patients with IBD than by control participants, while no difference in preference for water instead of juices/sodas was observed between IBD patients and control participants. Conversely, patients with IBD consumed table sugar less frequently than control participants (Q1 t test-P = .09), in agreement with their reporting of sugary foods as cause of symptoms (P &lt; .01). A positive correlation was observed between artificial sweeteners and fresh fruits/vegetables among the first 31 IBD patients (Spearman P = .017) and confirmed with 62 new IBD patients (r = 0.232; 95% CI, 0.02-0.43; P = .031), indicating that artificial sweeteners are deemed a healthy habit in IBD. Excluding fresh fruits/vegetables, multivariate analyses to develop surrogate principal component analysis indexes of healthy habits confirmed that artificial sweeteners consumption follows healthy preferences among our IBD patients (adjusted P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
Consumption of artificial sweeteners correlated with healthy habits, suggesting that our IBD population deemed artificial sweeteners as healthy and/or had preferences for naturally or artificially sweetened flavors and products.
Downstream foreign MNEs and local suppliers’ innovation in a dynamic environment: the moderating effect of network diversity
Authors: Ha Yoo Jung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how the presence of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) in downstream sectors influences innovation in upstream local suppliers via backward linkages. Analysis using Korean Innovation Surveys shows backward linkages of foreign MNEs to have negative effects on local suppliers. While local suppliers operating in dynamic environments can avert negative effects, those locked in extant innovation networks continue to experience adverse effects. Our findings show that the effect of MNE presence on local firms should be evaluated in conjunction with given industrial changes and heterogeneous firm strategies.
Phenomenological analysis of simple ion channel block in large populations of uncoupled cardiomyocytes
Authors: Simitev Radostin D , Al Dawoud Antesar , Aziz Muhamad H N , Myles Rachel , Smith Godfrey L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Current understanding of arrhythmia mechanisms and design of anti-arrhythmic drug therapies hinges on the assumption that myocytes from the same region of a single heart have similar, if not identical, action potential waveforms and drug responses. On the contrary, recent experiments reveal significant heterogeneity in uncoupled healthy myocytes both from different hearts as well as from identical regions within a single heart. In this work, a methodology is developed for quantifying the individual electrophysiological properties of large numbers of uncoupled cardiomyocytes under ion channel block in terms of the parameters values of a conceptual fast-slow model of electrical excitability. The approach is applied to a population of nearly 500 rabbit ventricular myocytes for which action potential duration (APD) before and after the application of the drug nifedipine was experimentally measured (Lachaud et al., 2022, Cardiovasc. Res.). To this end, drug action is represented by a multiplicative factor to an effective ion conductance, a closed form asymptotic expression for APD is derived and inverted to determine model parameters as functions of APD and $\varDelta $APD (drug-induced change in APD) for each myocyte. Two free protocol-related quantities are calibrated to experiment using an adaptive-domain procedure based on an original assumption of optimal excitability. The explicit APD expression and the resulting set of model parameter values allow (a) direct evaluation of conditions necessary to maintain fixed APD or $\varDelta $APD, (b) predictions of the proportion of cells remaining excitable after drug application, (c) predictions of stimulus period dependency and (d) predictions of dose-response curves, the latter being in agreement with additional experimental data.
Low regularity exponential-type integrators for the “good” Boussinesq equation
Authors: Li Hang , Su Chunmei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, two semidiscrete low regularity exponential-type integrators are proposed and analyzed for the “good” Boussinesq equation, including a first-order integrator and a second-order one. Compared to the existing numerical methods, the convergence rate can be achieved under weaker regularity assumptions on the exact solution. Specifically, the first-order integrator is convergent linearly in $H^r$ for solutions in $H^{r+1}$ if $r&gt;1/2$, i.e., the boundedness of one additional derivative of the solution is required to achieve the first-order convergence. When $r&gt;7/6$, we can even prove linear convergence in $H^r$ for solutions in $H^{r+2/3}$. What’s more, half-order convergence is established in $H^{r}(r&gt;3/2)$ for any solutions in $H^r$, i.e., no additional smoothness assumptions are needed. For the second-order integrator, the quadratic convergence in $H^{r}$$(r&gt;1/2)$ (or $L^2$) is demonstrated, when the solutions belong to $H^{r+2}$ (or $H^{9/4}$). Numerical examples illustrating the convergence analysis are included. A comparison with other methods demonstrates the superiority of the newly proposed exponential-type integrators for rough data.
Adaptive sampling strategies for risk-averse stochastic optimization with constraints
Authors: Beiser Florian , Keith Brendan , Urbainczyk Simon , Wohlmuth Barbara 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We introduce adaptive sampling methods for stochastic programs with deterministic constraints. First, we propose and analyze a variant of the stochastic projected gradient method, where the sample size used to approximate the reduced gradient is determined on-the-fly and updated adaptively. This method is applicable to a broad class of expectation-based risk measures, and leads to a significant reduction in the individual gradient evaluations used to estimate the objective function gradient. Numerical experiments with expected risk minimization and conditional value-at-risk minimization support this conclusion, and demonstrate practical performance and efficacy for both risk-neutral and risk-averse problems. Second, we propose an SQP-type method based on similar adaptive sampling principles. The benefits of this method are demonstrated in a simplified engineering design application, featuring risk-averse shape optimization of a steel shell structure subject to uncertain loading conditions and model uncertainty.