bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placement of virtual network functions for network services
Authors: Umrao Brajesh Kumar , Yadav Dharmendra Kumar 
Published: April 2023

SummaryNetwork function virtualization (NFV) is a name of technology for replacing hardware‐based network functions with software programs. Virtual network function (VNF) is a software program that replaces the hardware‐based network functionality. The replacement of the hardware‐based network functions (middleboxes) with software programs promises the on‐demand provisioning of network functions and reduces capital and operational expenses of the network. Due to this replaced network can adapt to the different network functions. Network service providers deploy various network services with different objectives, such as reducing the network's active servers and traffic latency or network operational expenses. In this article, a VNF placement problem is studied to optimize the total operating costs of the networks. To solve the VNF placement problem, we proposed an integer linear program (ILP) model, which has been implemented using CPLEX. Although an ILP‐based approach gives an optimal solution, it takes a long execution time to find the solution. Due to the long execution time, the ILP‐based approach is not suitable for the real‐time VNF placement problem. To address this challenge, we proposed a heuristic based on dynamic programming that performs better than the existing approaches. The simulation results of the proposed solution using real‐world topologies show that the heuristic approach finds a feasible solution that is only 1 to 1.34 times far from the optimal one. Moreover, experimental results show that the proposed heuristic is 15 to 423 times faster than the ILP.
Nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management: Cross‐sectional survey in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsalman Aminah , Mansour Mansour , Almobarak Fhaied 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThis study aims to investigate the nursing staff's knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.DesignA quantitative descriptive cross‐sectional survey.MethodsBetween January and March of 2020, 183 registered nurses from two hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia completed the Nurses' Knowledge and Attitude Survey Regarding Pain. We determined the average mean score for both the individual and the aggregate scores and the t‐test.ResultsThe nurses had an inadequate level of knowledge and attitudes regarding pain based on the average mean score for this factor. There was a statistically significant correlation between length of time spent working as a registered nurse and the nurses' reported scores on tests measuring their knowledge and attitude toward pain.
The challenges of change processes for nurse leaders—a qualitative study of long‐term leaders' experiences over 25 years
Authors: Frilund Marianne , Fagerstrøm Lisbeth , Vasset Frøydis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to map what experiences nurse leaders have encountered concerning the change work that political decisions and reforms have created within the healthcare sector in the last 25 years.DesignA qualitative design with a narrative approach was used.MethodsA qualitative study involved individual interviews of eight nurse managers from Norway and Finland with more than 25 years of experience working in specialist and primary healthcare fields.ResultsTwo main categories were observed: experiences of organizational challenges and experiences of personnel‐administrative challenges. The first main category included two subcategories: A: historical experience with culture and challenges in health services and B: historical experience with mergers and using welfare technology in health services. The second category included the following subcategories: A: historical experience of job satisfaction for leaders and employees and B experiences with interprofessional collaboration in health services.
Nursing undergraduates' media competence in the context of health communication and its relationship to professionalism
Authors: Sun Huiping , Xue Mengxin , Qian Lin , Zhou Ting , Jiling Qu , Zhou Jingxin , Junchao Qu , Siqi Ji , Yuan Bu , Yicheng Hu , Shaung Wu , Chen Yuhui , You Jiachun , Liu Yongbing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate the association between professionalism and social media competence among Chinese mainland nursing undergraduates.DesignThis study employed a cross‐sectional descriptive correlation design.ParticipantsFrom June to July 2021, 797 nursing students from four nursing colleges in Jiangsu Province, China, were chosen using stratified cluster sampling.MethodsThe questionnaire included the Chinese version of the Nursing Professionalism Scale and the Social Media Competency Scale. The association between professionalism and social media competency was examined using Pearson's correlation analysis.ResultsThe professionalism of nursing undergraduates (average scores:70.44 ± 8.82) was at a medium level. Social media self‐efficacy, performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and social influence (3.76 ± 0.75, 3.87 ± 0.60, 3.53 ± 0.69, 3.41 ± 0.76) were at a medium–high level, while social media experience and effort expectancy (3.03 ± 0.72, 2.60 ± 0.59) were at medium and low levels. Among nursing undergraduates, professionalism was related to social media competence, among which, professionalism was positively correlated with social media self‐efficacy (r = 0.40, p < 0.01), social media experience (r = 0.50, p < 0.01), performance expectancy (r = 0.34, p < 0.01), facilitating conditions (r = 0.41, p < 0.01), but negatively correlated with effort expectancy (r = −0.10, p < 0.01).ConclusionThe professionalism of nursing undergraduates is related to social media. The scores of social media self‐efficacy, social media experience, performance expectancy and facilitating conditions of nursing students with high professionalism were higher than those of nursing students with low professionalism.ImpactThis study suggests that developing a course on health communication on social media can help nursing students improve their professionalism.Patient or Public ContributionParticipants completed a survey via the online survey platform Wenjuangxing.
The quality of long‐term counselling for percutaneous coronary intervention patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lahtinen Minna , Kaakinen Pirjo , Oikarinen Anne , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo compare the long‐term counselling quality among the patients visited and not visited at cardiac nurse after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and related factors one to two years after PCI.DesignAn explorative, register‐based cross‐sectional study.Methodology methodsA sample was drawn from the one university hospital's procedure register consisted of the patients undergone a PCI (n = 977). The data was collected by Counselling Quality Instrument (CQI) questionnaire by mail, and analysed by basic and multivariate methods.Findings resultsOf the respondents (n = 459), less than half the patients (48.4%) visited at cardiac nurse one to two years after PCI as instructed in the national current care guidelines. Patients, who visited the nurse (n = 194) had higher satisfaction for counselling than the ones not visited (n = 70). Nevertheless, patients, especially those who had no dyslipidemia, had Unstable Angina Pectoris or Non‐ST‐elevated myocardial infarction or were out of the workforce, were unsatisfied with counselling, and needed more social support, patient‐centred counselling and goal orientating implementation from the cardiac nurse. A half of the PCI patients (51.6%) did not visit the cardiac nurse at the primary health care.Patient or public contributionCardiac nurses assisted the members of research group by assessing the questionnaire prior sending it to the patients and patients contributed by completing the questionnaires. We thank both parties for their contribution.Implication for profession and patient careThis study demonstrated, that patients out of the workforce and having emergency PCI are in need for better quality counselling, concentrating on social support, patient‐centred counselling and goal orientating implementation from the cardiac nurse. Those patients, who did not visit the cardiac nurse, should be offered easier access to cardiac nurse for example, by novel digital solutions.
Participatory governance and the capacity to engage: A systems lens
Authors: Vivier Elmé , Sanchez‐Betancourt Diana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEffective local participatory governance depends on government responsiveness. Drawing insights from empirical research in a large South African city, we show how inadequate integration of institutional platforms for community participation into the wider participatory system undermines this capacity. While much of the participatory governance literature considers tools, norms and the experiences of citizens, we explore how officials, structures and platforms within the city interact. We apply a systems lens to understand the municipal capacity to engage and respond to citizens and communities. Our analysis demonstrates that officials navigate an institutional system experiencing disconnected municipal structures, engagement practices and platforms. We theorise the government capacity to engage in terms of the personalisation, co‐creation and institutionalisation of responsiveness. This capacity to engage thus requires a systemic capability that acknowledges complexity and nurtures collective learning alongside institutional design strategies that seek to address potential disconnects.
The potential power of “studygram”: Concrete visual representations may increase student motivation, engagement, and enjoyment of routine course assignments
Authors: Lussier Catherine M. , Ditta Annie S. , Speer Annika C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStudents are often unmotivated to engage with their online coursework. Research has shown that concretely visualizing one's goals (e.g., photo‐taking) can improve motivation to learn. This study explored the effect of taking a photo of one's study space (i.e., a studygram photo similar to a post on Instagram) on students' motivation to start, engagement with, and enjoyment of routine assignments. In a within‐subjects design, students took a photo of their study space before starting or after completing the assignment or took no photo. Data were collected from six undergraduate courses across three disciplines (Education, Psychology, and Theatre). Results revealed that students in an online Education course completing routine and formulaic assignments were significantly more motivated to start their coursework when they took a photo compared to when they did not. Results were similar for student engagement and enjoyment. Outcomes were replicated in the course's second iteration but were not found in the Psychology or Theatre courses. Differences between the courses' formatting may have lessened the impact of photo‐taking on students' experiences. Together our results suggest that motivation and engagement with routine coursework may be influenced by an easy‐to‐implement visualization intervention under certain circumstances. Potential implications for teaching are reviewed.
Upregulation of TLR5 indicates a favorable prognosis in prostate cancer
Authors: Liang Hongbin , Zhang Lin , Liu Ziying , Hoden Bettina , DeRubeis David , Zhang Yifan , Wang Fen , Zhang Dekai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the key sensors of innate immunity for triggering immune responses against infections. TLRs are well known to be expressed and activated in innate immune cells, such as macrophage and dendritic cells, but we and others have found that some TLRs are also functional in epithelial cells. However, the role of an epithelial TLR in prostate cancer remains elusive.MethodsTLR5 expression in messenger RNA and protein level in prostate cancer was determined by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The activation of TLR5 signaling in epithelial cells was detected upon nuclear factor‐κB activation by luciferase assay and western blot analysis, and proinflammatory cytokine activation by RT‐qPCR. Distinguishing between the TLR5 and NLRC4 pathways, both recognizing flagellin, is determined by small interfering RNA and proinflammatory cytokine activation. The role of TLR5 in prostate cancer was analyzed by IHC and bioinformatics using a general and single‐cell database.ResultsIn the present study, we show that TLR5, among other TLRs, is exceedingly expressed in human prostate cancer cells. This cancer epithelial cell TLR5 functions to activate the TLR5 signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells, as it does with innate immune cell TLR5. The bacterial protein flagellin induces a robust immune response in prostate cancer cells in a TLR5‐dependent but NLRC4‐independent manner. TLR5 is highly expressed in prostate cancer patient specimens, and high TLR5 expression in prostate cancer patients indicates a favorable prognosis.ConclusionsTLR5, as an innate immunity receptor, is a functional TLR in human prostate cancer epithelial cells. TLR5 plays an important role in prostate cancer development and is a new potential prognosis biomarker. TLR5 may represent a novel immunotherapy target against prostate cancer.
Role of Soil and Foliar‐Applied Carbon Dots in Plant Iron Biofortification and Cadmium Mitigation by Triggering Opposite Iron Signaling in Roots
Authors: Zhu Yixia , Zhang Qian , Li Yanjuan , Pan Zhiyuan , Liu Chong , Lin Dasong , Gao Jia , Tang Zhonghou , Li Zongyun , Wang Ruigang , Sun Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn China, iron (Fe) availability is low in most soils but cadmium (Cd) generally exceeds regulatory soil pollution limits. Thus, biofortification of Fe along with mitigation of Cd in edible plant parts is important for human nutrition and health. Carbon dots (CDs) are considered as potential nanomaterials for agricultural applications. Here, Salvia miltiorrhiza‐derived CDs are an efficient modulator of Fe, manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and Cd accumulation in plants. CDs irrigation (1 mg mL−1, performed every week starting at the jointing stage for 12 weeks) increased Fe content by 18% but mitigated Cd accumulation by 20% in wheat grains. This finding was associated with the Fe3+‐mobilizing properties of CDs from the soil and root cell wall, as well as endocytosis‐dependent internalization in roots. The resulting excess Fe signaling mitigated Cd uptake via inhibiting TaNRAMP5 expression. Foliar spraying of CDs enhanced Fe (44%), Mn (30%), and Zn (19%) content with an unchanged Cd accumulation in wheat grains. This result is attributed to CDs‐enhanced light signaling, which triggered shoot‐to‐root Fe deficiency response. This study not only reveals the molecular mechanism underlying CDs modulation of Fe signaling in plants but also provides useful strategies for concurrent Fe biofortification and Cd mitigation in plant‐based foods.
Multilayer‐Cavity Tandem Catalyst for Profiling Sequentially Coupling of Intermediate CO in Electrocatalytic Reduction Reaction of CO2 to Multi‐Carbon Products
Authors: Yu Fuqing , Liu Xian , Liao Luliang , Xia Guomin , Wang Hongming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an effective approach to address CO2 emission, promote recycling, and synthesize high‐value multi‐carbon (C2+) chemicals for storing renewable electricity in the long‐term. The construction of multilayer‐bound nanoreactors to achieve management of intermediate CO is a promising strategy for tandem to C2+ products. In this study, a series of Ag@Cu2O nanoreactors consisting of an Ag‐yolk and a multilayer confined Cu shell is designed to profile electrocatalytic CO2RR reactions. The optimized Ag@Cu2O‐2 nanoreactor exhibits a 74% Faradaic efficiency during the C2+ pathway and remains stable for over 10 h at a bias current density of 100 mA cm−2. Using the finite element method, this model determines that the certain volume of cavity in the Ag@Cu2O nanoreactors facilitates on‐site CO retention and that multilayers of Cu species favor CO capture. Density functional theory calculations illustrate that the biased generation of ethanol products may arise from the (100)/(111) interface of the Cu layer. In‐depth explorations in multilayer‐bound nanoreactors provide structural and interfacial guidance for sequential coupling of CO2RR intermediates for efficient C2+ generation.
Managing Growing Uncertainties in Long-Term Production Management
Authors: Schuh Günther , Gützlaff Andreas , Rodemann Niklas , Pütz Sebastian , Linnartz Maria , Kim Soo-Yon , Schlosser Tino X. , Schupp Steffen , Endrikat Morten , Welsing Martin , Millan Michael , Nitsch Verena , Decker Stefan , Geisler Sandra , Stich Volker 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLong-term production management defines the future production structure and ensures the long-term competitiveness. Companies around the world currently have to deal with the challenge of making decisions in an uncertain and rapidly changing environment. The quality of decision-making suffers from the rapidly changing global market requirements and the uniqueness and infrequency with which decisions are made. Since decisions in long-term production management can rarely be reversed and are associated with high costs, an increase in decision quality is urgently needed. To this end, four different applications are presented in the following, which support the decision process by increasing decision quality and make uncertainty manageable. For each of the applications presented, a separate digital shadow was built with the objective of being able to make better decisions from existing data from production and the environment. In addition, a linking of the applications is being pursued:The Best Practice Sharing App creates transparency about existing production knowledge through the data-based identification of comparable production processes in the production network and helps to share best practices between sites. With the Supply Chain Cockpit, resilience can be increased through a data-based design of the procurement strategy that enables to manage disruptions. By adapting the procurement strategy for example by choosing suppliers at different locations the impact of disruptions can be reduced. While the Supply Chain Cockpit focuses on the strategy and decisions that affect the external partners (e.g., suppliers), the Data-Driven Site Selection concentrates on determining the sites of the company-internal global production network by creating transparency in the decision process of site selections. Different external data from various sources are analyzed and visualized in an appropriate way to support the decision process. Finally, the issue of sustainability is also crucial for successful long-term production management. Thus, the Sustainable Footprint Design App presents an approach that takes into account key sustainability indicators for network design.
Conclusion: Leaving the Asylum
Authors: Gentilcore David , Priani Egidio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we examine the final stage in the life cycle of pellagrous patients—discharge or death. The nineteenth-century emphasis on the physicality of insanity lent itself to the treatment of pellagrous insanity, which responded well to the better diet and living conditions the asylums offered. Approximately two-thirds of pellagrous insane patients were discharged, either ‘cured’ or ‘improved’ (at least according to their patient files). We look at what happened to them when they were returned to their communities of origin, which includes repeat admittances. The remaining third of patients, alas, died in the asylum; most from the effects of the chronic diarrhoea that would have plagued them from the start. And we conclude this chapter, and the book, with comparison to other anthropogenic or societal diseases, such as obesity, and with recent claims regarding the close links between nutrition and mental health. Whilst these claims remain controversial, it is helpful to be reminded that a well-documented link between one particular diet and mental illness already exists, in the form of pellagra.
Algebraic Preconditioners and Approximate Factorizations
Authors: Scott Jennifer , Tůma Miroslav 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen a matrix factorization is performed using finite precision arithmetic, the computed factors are not the exact factors. Despite this, the objective of sparse direct methods is normally to compute solutions that are accurate within the precision used. As discussed in Chapter 7, theoretical results can be used to assess both stability and accuracy.
Machine Learning Point Forecasts Methods
Authors: Haben Stephen , Voss Marcus , Holderbaum William 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe traditional statistical and benchmark methods presented in Sect. 9.1 often assume some relatively simple relationship between the dependent and independent variables, be that linear trends, particular seasonalities or autoregressive behaviours. They have performed quite successfully for load forecasting, being quite accurate, even with low amounts of data, and can easily be interpreted by practitioners. However, the methods described in Sect. 9.1 may be less suitable for modelling more complex and highly nonlinear relationships. As data has become more ubiquitous due to increased monitoring, machine learning methods are becoming increasingly common as they can find complicated and subtle patterns in the data.
Case Study: Low Voltage Demand Forecasts
Authors: Haben Stephen , Voss Marcus , Holderbaum William 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates the practical implementation of short term (day-ahead) forecasts for the application of residential low voltage networks. It is split into two main parts: An in-depth examination of a short term forecasting case study of residential low voltage networks (Sect. 14.2); and a example python code demonstrating how to implement some of the methods and techniques in practice (Sect. 14.3).
Load Data: Preparation, Analysis and Feature Generation
Authors: Haben Stephen , Voss Marcus , Holderbaum William 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChapter 5 introduced the general definition of a forecast and many of the concepts and categorisation of the different types and features of time series forecasts. To develop an appropriate model requires identifying genuine patterns and relationships in the time series data. This requires a detailed investigation and analysis of the data, since selecting the correct input features is, arguably, at least as important as selecting the most appropriate forecast model. This data analysis and feature generation is the main focus of this chapter. However, prior to this it is important to understand whether the data is of sufficient quality to allow the training of a good forecast model. The next section begins by considering important features of high quality data and potential preprocessing which may be required. This followed by methods for analysing the load data and identifying features which may be useful inputs to a forecast model.