bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Veronicastrum wulingense (Plantaginaceae), a new species from Southwestern Hubei, China
Authors: Ding Shi-Xiong , Jiang Hui , Tian Jing , Ren Jing , Mutie Fredrick Munyao , Waswa Emmanuel Nyongesa , Hu Guang-Wan , Wang Qing-Feng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The genus Veronicastrum Heist. ex Fabr. are mainly distributed in East Asia, and only Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. is disjunctively distributed in eastern North America. The south area of China (extending to Taiwan Island) is the richest in Veronicastrum species. It is of medicinal importance in China as traditional herbs used to treat ascites diseases that caused by schistosomiasis. During field investigation of plant resources in Pingbaying National Forest Park, Southwestern Hubei, China, an unknown flowering population of Veronicastrum was discovered from thick humus layers adjacent to rocks under broad-leaved forests by walkways. They were collected and morphological characters assesed for further taxonomic treatment. Molecular analysis was also conducted to ascertain its phylogenetic position in the genus Veronicastrum.

Results
This species is similar to Veronicastrum liukiuense (Ohwi) T.Yamaz. from the Ryukyu Islands, but can be distinctly differed by its axillary inflorescences (versus terminal on short leafy branches), pedicels up to 2.5 mm (versus sessile), corollas purple to purple-red (versus white tinged with pale purple) and florescence June to July (versus September to October). Also, phylogenetic studies showed the species was an independent clade in the genus Veronicastrum based on the maximum likelihood (ML) analyses using two different matrix sequences of concatenated molecular markers. The plastid genome of this new species is also reported in this study for the first time.

Conclusion
The morphological and molecular evidences support the recognition of Veronicastrum wulingense as a new species.
Quantification of venadaparib, a novel PARP inhibitor, in the rat and dog plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lee Myongjae , Jang Eunhye , Lee Jungwoo , Choi SungKu , Lee Won Sik , Baek Nam Seok , Lee Sungsook , Park Young-Whan , Lee Jong-Hwa , Chung Suk-Jae 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVenadaparib (VEN), a next-generation inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases, is under development for oral use in patients having cancers with deoxyribonucleic acid repair defects. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive and robust analytical method for quantifying VEN in a small volume of plasma samples from rats and dogs, and to assess the feasibility of the assay for application in pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic studies. Plasma samples were subjected to deproteination, and an aliquot was injected into an LC–MS/MS system. VEN and imipramine were analyzed in the positive ion mode and quantified by monitoring the transition at m/z 407.2 → 70.0 for VEN and 281.2 → 86.1 for imipramine. The lower and upper limits of the assay were determined to be 1 and 1000 ng/mL, respectively, with acceptable linearity (r2 > 0.995). Validation parameters, such as accuracy, precision, dilution, recovery, matrix effect, and stability, were within acceptable ranges. This method was adequately applied to the characterization of pharmacokinetics of VEN in rats and dogs at the oral dose of 30 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. These findings suggest that the validated assay is applicable to the kinetic studies of VEN with a small volume of plasma samples from the animals.
Cultivation and application of nicotine-degrading bacteria and environmental functioning in tobacco planting soil
Authors: Wang Yiting , Luo Xiangyan , Chu Peng , Shi Heli , Wang Rui , Li Jiale , Zheng Shixue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNicotine, a toxic and addictive alkaloid from tobacco, is an environmental pollutant. However, nicotine-degrading bacteria (NDB) and their function in tobacco planting soil are not fully understood. First, 52 NDB strains belonging to seven genera were isolated from tobacco soil. The most dominant genera were Flavobacterium (36.5%), Pseudomonas (30.8%), and Arthrobacter (15.4%), and Chitinophaga and Flavobacterium have not been previously reported. Then, two efficient NDB strains, Arthrobacter nitrophenolicus ND6 and Stenotrophomonas geniculata ND16, were screened and inoculated in the compost fertilizer from tobacco waste. The nicotine concentrations were reduced from 1.5 mg/g (DW) to below the safety threshold of 0.5 mg/g. Furthermore, strain ND6 followed the pyridine pathway of nicotine degradation, but the degrading pathway in strain ND16 could not be determined according to genomic analysis and color change. Finally, the abundance of nicotine-degrading genes in tobacco rhizosphere soil was investigated via metagenomic analysis. Five key genes, ndhA, nctB, kdhL, nboR, and dhponh, represent the whole process of nicotine degradation, and their abundance positively correlated with soil nicotine concentrations (p < 0.05). In conclusion, various NDB including unknown species live in tobacco soil and degrade nicotine efficiently. Some key nicotine-degrading genes could be used in monitoring nicotine degradation in the environment. The fermentation of compost from tobacco waste is a promising application of efficient NDB.
Graphical Abstract
A genetic tool to express long fungal biosynthetic genes
Authors: Kirchgaessner Leo , Wurlitzer Jacob M. , Seibold Paula S. , Rakhmanov Malik , Gressler Markus 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Secondary metabolites (SMs) from mushroom-forming fungi (Basidiomycota) and early diverging fungi (EDF) such as Mucoromycota are scarcely investigated. In many cases, production of SMs is induced by unknown stress factors or is accompanied by seasonable developmental changes on fungal morphology. Moreover, many of these fungi are considered as non-culturable under laboratory conditions which impedes investigation into SM. In the post-genomic era, numerous novel SM genes have been identified especially from EDF. As most of them encode multi-module enzymes, these genes are usually long which limits cloning and heterologous expression in traditional hosts.

Results
An expression system in Aspergillus niger is presented that is suitable for the production of SMs from both Basidiomycota and EDF. The akuB gene was deleted in the expression host A. niger ATNT∆pyrG, resulting in a deficient nonhomologous end-joining repair mechanism which in turn facilitates the targeted gene deletion via homologous recombination. The ∆akuB mutant tLK01 served as a platform to integrate overlapping DNA fragments of long SM genes into the fwnA locus required for the black pigmentation of conidia. This enables an easy discrimination of correct transformants by screening the transformation plates for fawn-colored colonies. Expression of the gene of interest (GOI) is induced dose-dependently by addition of doxycycline and is enhanced by the dual TetON/terrein synthase promoter system (ATNT) from Aspergillus terreus. We show that the 8 kb polyketide synthase gene lpaA from the basidiomycete Laetiporus sulphureus is correctly assembled from five overlapping DNA fragments and laetiporic acids are produced. In a second approach, we expressed the yet uncharacterized > 20 kb nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene calA from the EDF Mortierella alpina. Gene expression and subsequent LC–MS/MS analysis of mycelial extracts revealed the production of the antimycobacterial compound calpinactam. This is the first report on the heterologous production of a full-length SM multidomain enzyme from EDF.

Conclusions
The system allows the assembly, targeted integration and expression of genes of > 20 kb size in A. niger in one single step. The system is suitable for evolutionary distantly related SM genes from both Basidiomycota and EDF. This uncovers new SM resources including genetically intractable or non-culturable fungi.
Acute arterial occlusive disease due to tumor thrombus from lung metastasis of breast cancer with cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia: a case report
Authors: Sato Ayana , Matsumoto Akiko , Naruse Saki , Isono Yuka , Maeda Yuka , Yamada Miki , Ikeda Tatsuhiko , Sasajima Yuko , Jinno Hiromitsu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Tumor embolization due to venous infiltration of breast cancer pulmonary metastases is very rare.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old female was diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was discontinued because of progressive disease, and a right mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed. The pathological analysis of surgical specimens revealed carcinoma with cartilaginous and/or osseous metaplasia. At 22 months after surgery, lung metastasis was observed, and 6 months after initiating treatment for lung metastases, she complained of sudden numbness in the left-lower limb with trouble walking. Ultrasonography showed an embolism in the left popliteal artery, and contrast computed tomography showed enlarged lung metastases and infiltration of the left-upper lobe disease into the left superior pulmonary vein and left atrium. Acute arterial occlusive disease in the left-lower limb caused by the tumor embolism was suspected, so an endovascular thrombectomy was performed. Tumor emboli were removed by embolectomy catheter.

Conclusion
This report of lung metastasis from breast cancer with cartilaginous and/or osseous metaplasia and acute lower-limb artery occlusion due to a tumor thrombus adds useful information to the literature on these extremely rare cases.
Peer-led recovery groups for people with psychosis in South Africa (PRIZE): protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Asher Laura , Rapiya Bongwekazi , Repper Julie , Reddy Tarylee , Myers Bronwyn , Hanlon Charlotte , Petersen Inge , Brooke-Sumner Carrie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe available care for people with psychosis in South Africa is inadequate to support personal recovery. Group peer support interventions are a promising approach to foster recovery, but little is known about the preferences of service users, or the practical application of this care model, in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This study aims to assess the acceptability and feasibility of integrating peer-led recovery groups for people with psychosis and their caregivers in South Africa into existing systems of care, and to determine key parameters in preparation for a definitive trial.MethodsThe study is set in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan district of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The design is an individually randomised parallel group feasibility trial comparing recovery groups in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) with TAU alone in a 1:1 allocation ratio. We aim to recruit 100 isiXhosa-speaking people with psychosis and 100 linked caregivers. TAU comprises anti-psychotic medication-focused outpatient care. The intervention arm will comprise seven recovery groups, including service users and caregiver participants. Recovery groups will be delivered in two phases: a 2-month phase facilitated by an auxiliary social worker, then a 3-month peer-led phase. We will use mixed methods to evaluate the process and outcomes of the study. Intervention acceptability and feasibility (primary outcomes) will be assessed at 5 months post-intervention start using qualitative data collected from service users, caregivers, and auxiliary social workers, along with quantitative process indicators. Facilitator competence will be assessed with the GroupACT observational rating tool. Trial procedures will be assessed, including recruitment and retention rates, contamination, and validity of quantitative outcome measures. To explore potential effectiveness, quantitative outcome data (functioning, unmet needs, personal recovery, internalised stigma, health service use, medication adherence, and caregiver burden) will be collected at baseline, 2 months, and 5 months post-intervention start.DiscussionThis study will contribute to the sparse evidence on the acceptability and feasibility of peer-led and recovery-oriented interventions for people with psychosis in LMIC when integrated into existing care systems. Results from this feasibility trial will inform preparations for a definitive trial and subsequent larger-scale implementation.Trial registrationPan-African Clinical Trials Register PACTR202202482587686. Registered on 28 February 2022. https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=21496.
Post-vitrectomy delayed retinal breaks in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Parmar Yash , Mangla Rubble , Sharief Shama , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Chhablani Jay 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo report a series of cases of post-operative new secondary retinal breaks following vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).MethodsThis retrospective case series included data of patients diagnosed with post-operative retinal breaks following uneventful vitrectomy surgery for PDR from January 2018 to December 2021.ResultsNew post-vitrectomy retinal breaks in PDR were seen in 7% of eyes (n = 10/148 eyes; 10 patients). Age of study patients ranged from 45 to 69 years and there were 8 males. Vitreous surgery was performed for vitreous hemorrhage in six eyes, macular tractional retinal detachment in three eyes and epiretinal membrane in one eye. Tractional fibrovascular proliferation near the retinal break prior to its development was noted either pre- or intra-operatively in 8 eyes. Mean time interval between the vitreous surgery and secondary retinal break development was 6.4 months. Residual fibrous tissue post-surgery adjacent to the break was noted in 4 cases. Sclerosed retinal vessel was noted in 4 eyes and associated inner retinal thinning or schisis in 5 eyes. No retinal detachment was noted in any case. Prophylactic barrage was done in 4 eyes. Last follow-up interval ranged from 4 to 53 months and visual acuity ranged from 6/6 to 6/60. No subretinal fluid, traction or break enlargement was noted at the last visit.ConclusionDelayed post-operative retinal breaks following vitrectomy are uncommon in PDR eyes. Careful preoperative evaluation of the retinal proliferations, intraoperative dissection of the membranes and regular post-operative reviews are vital in anticipating the development of delayed post-vitrectomy retinal breaks. Observation could be the management strategy for these breaks.
Achieving herd immunity in South America
Authors: Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo , Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Vicente Creuza Rachel , Méndez María José González , Qaderi Shohra , Lopez Jaifred Christian , Mogessie Yidnekachew Girma , Alacapa Jason , Chamlagai Lila , Ndayizeye Remy , Kinay Pelin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSouth America, once an epicenter of COVID-19, has stayed on the road of continued management of the pandemic. The region initially struggled to cope with the pandemic as it experienced spiraling numbers of infections and overwhelmed public health systems. South America has risen in its pandemic response to be the region with the highest global vaccination rate. The region posed a strong vaccination drive, with over 76% of its population fully vaccinated with the initial protocol. South America leveraged its deeply rooted vaccination culture and public health confidence among its population. Herd immunity is an integral concept in population infectious disease management. Attaining herd immunity is presently not feasible with available vaccines, but the high vaccination rate in the region depicts the acceptance of vaccination as a strategy for population protection. The availability of effective transmission-blocking vaccines, the continuous implementation of strategies that will enable the undisrupted supply of the vaccines, equity in access to the vaccines, improved vaccine acceptance, and trust in the vaccination and public health systems will help shepherd the region towards herd immunity. Local vaccine production backed with investment in infrastructure and international collaboration for research and knowledge development will also drive population safety.
A case of migraine misdiagnosed as epilepsy
Authors: Yang Yuting , Peng Xi , Chen Yangmei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Migraine and epilepsy are both episodic disorders, with some overlapping symptoms, mechanisms and therapies. Clinically, there is a comorbid relationship between them. Some migraine patients may exhibit epileptic discharges by electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. Therefore, the two conditions are easily misdiagnosed.

Case presentation
We reported a 16-year-old female patient who was admitted to our hospital due to repeated headaches with disturbance of consciousness. Epileptic discharge was recorded by long-term EEG. The patient had been misdiagnosed as epilepsy, and had no response to anti-seizure medicines (ASMs). We revised her diagnosis and prescribed ibuprofen in her acute episode and prophylactic medicine, including flunarizine and amitriptyline in her interictal period. One week later, her headache disappeared.

Conclusions
This patient manifested with altered levels of consciousness during headache episodes, and the abnormal EEG results lead to the misdiagnosis as epilepsy. Clinicians should be cautious to the distinction between migraine and epilepsy.
Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on pain and shoulder range of motion in post-mastectomy pain syndrome patients: a randomized-control trial
Authors: Hanna Mira Hany Zaky , RezkAllah Soheir Shehata , Shalaby Amr Saadeldeen , Hanna Monir Zaki 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) is a highly prevalent complication after surgical treatment for breast cancer, and it affects the patient’s quality of life in aspects of losing shoulder full range of motion, pain, and depression. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is non-invasive brain stimulation technique that was used in numerous clinical applications and in pain reduction in cancer patients. However, the effectiveness of tDCS on PMPS has never been evaluated in an experimental study.

Aim
To investigate the effect of bilateral anodal tDCS of motor cortex (M1) on pain, depression, and shoulder range of motion (ROM) in post-mastectomy pain syndrome.

Study design
Randomized controlled trial.

Methods
A total of 30 female patients with post-mastectomy neuropathic pain were randomized into two groups; the intervention group which received bilateral tDCS on motor cortex (M1) and the control group that received sham bilateral tDCS on M1. As pain affects shoulder range of motion (ROM), shoulder ROM was measured by electronic goniometer pre- and post-tDCS application. In addition, the levels of pain and depression have been measured pre and post treatment. Pain has been measured with visual analogue scale (VAS) and depression with Beck-Depression-Inventory-BDI questionnaire (BDI).

Results
A significant difference was noted in group A regarding pain, depression and shoulder ROM (p= 0.001, p= 0.003, and p= 0.003, respectively). Between group comparison revealed a significant difference of VAS scores and shoulder flexion ROM between groups, the study group and the control group (p=0.041 and 0.048, respectively). Pain decreased by 32% and Shoulder flexion increased by 4.8% post-treatment while there were no significant difference in group B (p=0.567 and p=0.866, respectively).

Conclusions
The application of tDCS decreases the severity of pain and improves shoulder range of motion suffered by breast cancer patients after total mastectomy surgery.
3D gravity inversion based on mixed-norm regularization in spherical coordinates with application to the lunar Moscoviense Basin
Authors: Zhao Guangdong , Wang Xuben , Liu Jianxin , Chen Bo , Kaban Mikhail K. , Xu Zhengwei 
Published: February 2023

Three-dimensional gravity inversion has been widely used to infer density structures and tectonic movements of the earth and Moon. However, two problems (the nonuniqueness and low depth resolution) of current gravity inversion methods still exist and are not completely resolved, which affect the reliability of the inversion results and the corresponding geologic interpretation. To improve the depth resolution of the 3D gravity inversion, we propose an efficient inversion method in spherical coordinates based on a mixed smooth and focused regularization with depth-weighting functions. In the inversion, we also use the kernel matrix equivalence strategy and the fast kernel-vector multiplication method based on a fast Fourier transform in each iteration to increase computational efficiency. Two synthetic inversion examples indicate that the proposed method can recover more complex density structures compared with the often used smooth-constraint inversion approach. Finally, the proposed inversion approach is applied to the latest lunar gravitational field model GL1500E to study the 3D density structures of the Moscoviense Basin. The inverted results indicate that the density structure with high-positive anomalies is principally distributed at depths ranging from 5 to 70 km, forming a giant asymmetrical high-density structure inclining from the southwest to the northeast. We may conclude that the Moscoviense Basin was formed by the double impact, where the second collision occurred in the southwest of the basin center of the first collision.
Seismic Tiles, a data format to facilitate analytics on seismic reflectors
Authors: Skjæveland Øyvind M. , Torset Sondre 
Published: February 2023

Seismic Tiles is a new concept for representing seismic reflectors and attributes derived from seismic data, which makes it easy to automate seismic interpretation and analysis in general. Many subsurface problems can now be solved mostly automatically by computers, instead of mostly manually by humans, enabling the disruption of seismic interpretation at a scale similar to the disruption of road navigation facilitated by the closely analogous Google Map-style data structure. Some examples where this has been successfully implemented include screening for amplitude-variation-with-offset anomalies to identify prospects, automatic characterization of 4D effects according to rock physics modeling, and identifying faults and horizons verified by structural logic. Automation takes place not via machine learning but by direct and transparent application of well-known geophysical and geologic logic. This is achieved by automatically detecting all reflectors in the seismic data set and representing them by a set of tiles, which are small rectangular surfaces typically 200 m × 200 m in size. Tiles are calculated on a regular grid in lateral coordinates via a local 3D linear Radon transform. A set of tiles combine to describe a reflector surface, similar to how tiles in a bathroom combine to describe the walls and floor. Any attribute, from any seismic cube or other data sets, can be automatically extracted and assigned to the tiles and thus used in the logic. This logic can include the geometry of the tile itself and how it relates to tiles in the neighborhood, thus allowing easy implementation of any kind of interpretation logic that involves seismic reflectors. As the tile geometry and attributes are exposed to man and machine in a simple tabular data format, implementing logic using Seismic Tiles is easy, and much easier than applying logic directly on input in the form of raw seismic data.