bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildlife-Human Conflict in Kandyan Homegardens in Sri Lanka: A situational analysis
Authors: N.V.K.P. Kumara , R.H.G. Ranil , S.H.N.P De Silva , R.M.S. Wijerathna , T. Sivananthawerl 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The wild animal damage in the Kandyan homegardens (KHs) system has increased at an alarming rate over the last two decades. The harmful impact of wild animal damage on homegarden crops cannot be overstated. The objective of this study was to assess the current extent of crop damage caused by wild animals within the KHs and address the existing gap in comprehensive scientific research on this topic. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 60 homegardens in Kandy district over the four months period and the quadrat method was used to assess the severity of the wild animal damage in six selected homegardens over the period of two months. The risk index and severity index were used to assess the risk and the severity of the wild animal damage. The study focused to assess the effectiveness of existing control methods and gathered ethnobiological knowledge that could aid in reducing damage caused by wild animals. Data were analysed using the chi-square test and descriptive statistics. The study highlighted the urgent need to address wild animal damage as a major problem in the KHs. The highest risk index was observed for wild boars (0.870), followed by monkeys (0.833), porcupines (0.790), and giant squirrels (0.550). This damage not only results in yield losses and physical damages but also poses a great threat to financial stability of rural and peri-urban communities. While the peacock attack currently does not pose a significant threat within the KHs system, it remains a significant concern in specific regions of the country. The current methods being used to control wild animal attacks in the KHs are inadequate, emphasizing the need for an immediate and well-defined strategic plan to address the issue.
SIGNATURE-DRIVEN REPURPOSING OF MIDOSTAURIN FOR COMBINATION WITH MEK1/2 AND KRASG12C INHIBITORS IN LUNG CANCER
Authors: Vicent Silve , Macaya Irati , Román Marta , Welch Connor , Entrialgo-Cadierno Rodrigo , Salmón Marina , Santos Alba , Feliu Iker , Kovalski Joanna , Lopez Ines , Rodriguez-Remirez Maria , Palomino-Echeverria Sara , Lonfgren Shane , Ferrero Macarena , Calabuig Silvia , Ludwig Iziar , Lara-Astiaso David , Jantus-Lewintre Eloisa , Guruceaga Elizabeth , Ponz-Sarvise Mariano , Pineda Antonio , Lecanda Fernando , Ruggero Davide , Khatri Purvesh , Santamaría Enrique , Fernández-Irigoyen Joaquín , Sanchez Irene Ferrer , Paz-Ares Luis , Drosten Matthias , Barbacid Mariano , Gil-bazo Ignacio , Narayanan Shruthi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Resistance mechanisms compromise response to single targeted therapies, favoring the idea that combinatorial strategies are key to circumvent this clinical problem. Combinatorial strategies for cancers driven by oncogenic KRAS based on MEK1/2 or KRASG12C inhibitors have so far incorporated abrogation of KRAS proximal effectors involved in oncogenesis or treatment resistance. However, the antitumor effect is highly determined by compensatory mechanisms specifically arising in certain cell types or tumor subgroups. A potential strategy to find drug combinations spanning a large percentage of mutant KRAS lung cancers may capitalize on the common, distal gene expression output elicited by oncogenic KRAS. Here, integrating a signature-driven drug repurposing approach and a pairwise pharmacological screen, we identify a synergistic drug combination consisting of multityrosine kinase PKC and MEK1/2 inhibitors. The drug combination functions in a genotype specific manner, elicits a cytotoxic response both in vitro and in vivo models, and in part involves inhibition of AURKB. Furthermore, we show that the KRASG12C inhibitor Sotorasib can replace the MEK inhibitor with similar cellular and molecular results, including antitumor effect in a genetically engineered mouse model of lung cancer driven by KRasG12C. Proteome profiling links dysregulation of MYC expression to the effect of PKC inhibitor-based drug combinations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MYC overexpression functions as a resistance mechanism to MEK1/2 and KRASG12C inhibitors. Our study provides a rational framework to nominate drugs entering combinatorial strategies and unveils novel MEK1/2- and KRASG12C-based therapies for lung cancer.
Changes in Spectrum of Respiratory Pathogen Infections and Disease Severity Among Children in Hohhot: Impact of COVID-19 Prevention Measures
Authors: Gan Yan-Zi , Yang Peng , Liu Rui , Wang Yan-Hai , Hu Yu-Wei , Yang Yang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are caused by various pathogens, and the outbreak of the novel coronavirus has led to changes in the patterns of respiratory pathogen infections. Through long-term study of respiratory tract infection data in children from Hohhot, significant differences in the spectrum of respiratory pathogen infections, disease severity, and seasonal patterns have been discovered between 2022 and 2023. Methods Throat swabs were collected from 605 children with ARIs at the First Hospital of Hohhot, and pathogen detection was performed using microarray technology. Blood biomarkers, symptoms, and clinical diagnoses were evaluated. Results The study found that 56.03% of the patients were male, with an average age of 3.45 years. Pathogen dynamics revealed that SARS-CoV-2 was the most prevalent infection, accounting for 262 cases. It persisted from October 2022 to January 2023 and then disappeared. Influenza A virus (IAV) cases peaked in March 2023. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Influenza B virus (IBV), Parainfluenza virus (PIV),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(M. pneumoniae),Escherichia coli(E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), andGroup A streptococcus(GAS) were not detected after December 2022. The proportion of mixed infections was 41.94% among SARS-CoV-2 patients, while other pathogens had mixed infection rates exceeding 57.14%. Before December 2022, the mean value of white blood cell (WBC) count forStreptococcus pneumoniae(S. pneumoniae),Haemophilus influenzae(H. influenzae), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was 8.83*10^9/L, C-reactive protein (CRP) was 18.36 mg/L, and procalcitonin (PCT) was 1.11 ng /ml. After December 2022, these values decreased to 5.5*10^9/L, 6.33 mg/L, and 0.24 ng /ml, respectively. Similarly, the proportion of patients with cough, difficulty breathing, and running nose, as well as the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections, decreased in December 2022. However, the situation was different for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Conclusions Strict SARS-CoV-2 policies reduced the infection risk forS. pneumoniae,H. influenzae, EBV, and other pathogens before November 2022. However, patient symptoms worsened compared to after November 2022, possibly due to an excessive focus on SARS-CoV-2, neglecting other diseases, and reduced population immunity to respiratory infections.
Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves shows Anti-hyperglycemic potencies on experimental Wistar rats: a focus on optimization of biomarkers of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Oganezi Nuria , Ojimelukwe Philippa C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

To improve the traditional use of Moringa oleifera for the management of type 2 diabetes, the potent plant parts (seeds, leaves, stem bark, roots) must be specified and the appropriate dosage should be quantified. This research reports quantitative findings on the antihyperglycaemic properties of M. oleifera leaves. Streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rats, were treated with iterative levels of the ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (X1). Time of exposure (X2) of the rats to the extract, concentration, and time of storage of the leaf sample before extraction (X3) were monitored. The biomarkers of type 2 diabetes in the rats were monitored in a response surface model to optimize the ideal conditions for the antihyperglycaemic effects of M oleifera leaves. Haemoglobin count increased from ≤11.25mmol/L) to 15.88 mmol/L) as the dose of the extract and time increased. Diabetic rats were glutathione deficient (70-98 mg/ml), which improved to 300mg/dL after treatment. Serum Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was 170 mm/moL in diabetic rats and 300 mmol/mL in fully treated rats. Blood glucose of STZ-induced diabetic rats (over 220mg/dL) decreased to normal levels of 70-90 mg/dl. The extract was safe at 2250 mg/kg body weight. Fifty (50) g of shade-dried ethanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves stored for less than 3 months restored STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar rats within 28 days.
Brain multi-contrast, multi-atlas segmentation of diffusion tensor imaging and ensemble learning automatically diagnose late-life depression
Authors: Siarkos Kostas , Karavassilis Efstratios , Velonakis Georgios , Papageorgiou Charalabos , Smyrnis Nikolaos , Kelekis Nikolaos , Politis Antonios 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We aimed to develop a machine learning model for diagnostic classification in late-life major depression based on an advanced whole brain white matter segmentation framework. Twenty six late-life depression and 12 never depressed individuals aged > 55 years, matched for age, MMSE, and education underwent diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and multi-contrast, multi-atlas segmentation in MRIcloud. Fractional anisotropy volume, mean fractional anisotropy, trace, axial and radial diffusivity extracted from 146 white matter parcels were used to train and test the AdaBoost classifier using 12-fold cross validation. Performance was evaluated using accuracy, balanced accuracy, precision, and recall, F1-score and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve. Statistical significance of the classifier was assessed using standard label permutation and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve scores’ comparison. The classifier achieved a balanced accuracy, of 71% and an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.81 by trace, and a balanced accuracy of 70% and an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, of 0.80, by radial diffusivity, in limbic, cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop, brainstem, external and internal capsules, callosal and cerebellar structures. Both indices shared important structures for classification, while fornix was the most important structure for classification by both indices. The classifier proved statistically significant, as area under the receiver operator characteristic curve scores after permutation were lower than those with the actual data, by trace (p = 0.022) and radial diffusivity (p = 0.024). The results encourage further investigation of the implemented methods for computer aided-diagnostics and anatomically-informed therapeutics.
Study on water and gas permeation characteristics with ZIF-8 mixed matrix membranes
Authors: Gawali Ajay , Gawali Sapna , Jampa Surendra Sasikumar , Sinha Manish Kumar , Pandya Jalaja , Shinde Satyam , Khuntia Snigdha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The membrane separation process lacks intrinsic permeation characteristics to compete with other separation technologies like adsorption, sedimentation, coagulation, skimming, and distillation. A mixed matrix membrane (MMM) is one of the strategies to improve the separation characteristics with embedded nanofillers particles. Zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) has a new subclass of inorganic–organic hybrid materials that are being introduced as new fillers for incorporation into the polymer matrix for various applications such as oily wastewater separation, wastewater treatment, natural gas dehydration, landfill gas upgrading, and mixed gas separation. In this experimental work, a metal-organic framework called ZIF-8 was synthesized and used as a filler for modification of MMMs and characterized with FTIR and SEM. ZIF-8 nanoparticles up to 5 wt% loading were added to PSF casting solution then the permeation characteristics of MMMs showed an improved result like the pure water flux of the modified membrane at 2.5 bar was increased up to 456.38 L/m2h. In the case of pure gas separation, at 5 wt% ZIF-8 loading in PSF, the pure gas CO2 permeability at 9 bar pressure had increased to 10.54 barrer.
Implementation and Importance of Cardiac Rehabilitation for Cardiac
Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hadi Ahmed Raheeq , Bugis Bussma Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has progressed over the years from a basic monitoring
procedure for a safe return to physical activity to a multidisciplinary strategy that emphasizes patient
education, specifically for designed exercise training, risk factor management, and the general health of
cardiac patients.

Methods:
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting
was used for this systematic review. The studies included were retrieved via an electronic search of
Google Scholar and PubMed using the following terms: cardiac rehabilitation (CR), cardiac diseases,
coronary artery bypass graft, heart failure, cardiac rehabilitation guidelines, rehabilitation, recovery of
function, cardiac rehabilitation importance, cardiac rehabilitation outcomes, physical therapy modalities,
secondary prevention, physical medicine, and cardiac rehabilitation phases.

Results:
Publications (n=24) that included worldwide standards demonstrating the implementation of
CR programs in a variety of scenarios were reviewed. These publications are based on well-defined
guidelines that represent best practices from several cardiology societies, which use varying valid programs
by comparing those guidelines with CR/secondary prevention programs.

Conclusion:
Several indications have been used in the development of the CR program, with the goal of
regaining autonomy and increasing physical, psychological, and social activities. With the Saudi Vision
2030 initiatives for health national transformation programs, there are targets set to ensure the reduction
and prevention of noncommunicable diseases and to reduce cardiovascular disease risks by initiating an
accredited CR program and guidelines for Saudi Arabia.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Quinazoline-benzofuran Conjugates
Authors: Liu Yixin , Zou Nanting , Li Minxin , Wan Chunping , Mao Zewei 
Published: June 2023

Aims:
In order to study on structure-activity relationships of benzofurans.

Background:
Benzofuran is a kind of natural compound widely existing in nature with pharmacological
effects. The development of new anticancer benzofuran derivatives has attracted more and
more attention.

Method:
We have introduced an active quinazoline unit into piperazine-substituted benzofuran,
prepared a series of quinazoline-benzofuran compounds, and evaluated cytotoxic activity against a
panel of human tumor cell lines by MTT assay.

Result:
48 novel quinazoline-substituted benzofuran derivatives have been prepared, and in vitro,
cytotoxic activity against five human tumor cell lines was evaluated. The results indicated that
some quinazoline-benzofuran conjugates showed selective inhibitory activity against tumor cell
lines.

Conclusion:
We have found that compound 14x displayed excellent cytotoxic activity, which
could be considered a potential anticancer agent.
Evolutionary Unmasking Resuscitative Therapeutics Potential of
Centhaquin Citrate in Hypovolemic Shock
Authors: Singh Ravinder , Singh Varinder , Kumari Pratima , Aggarwal Namita , Oberoi Muskaan , Khan Heena , Singh Thakur Gurjeet 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Hypovolemic shock (HS), a clinical condition of insufficient blood perfusion and oxygenation
in body tissues, is associated with immense morbidity and mortality. Treatment approaches include
fluid replacement and surgical repair of reversible causes of hemorrhage; however, they cause
irreversible blood perfusion loss, systemic inflammation, multiple organ failure, and death. Centhaquin
citrate (CC) is an innovative centrally acting cardiovascular active agent that is initially intended
as an antihypertensive drug. However, due to its positive ionotropic effect, Centhaquin citrate
is being tested clinically as a resuscitative agent for the management of hypovolemic shock It acts at
the α2B-adrenergic receptor to produce venous constriction followed by an increase in venous return
to the heart. These actions are assumed to be capable of resuscitative activity observed by centhaquin
citrate, through an increase in cardiac output and tissue perfusion. Pharmacokinetics investigations in
animals and humans have shown that centhaquin citrate is well tolerated and has insignificant side effects.
Therefore, centhaquin citrate seems to be a promising entity and gaining the interest of researchers
to develop it as a resuscitative agent in HS. The review gives insight into the development of centhaquin
citrate as a resuscitative agent and provides insight into the associated mechanism of action
and molecular signalling to foster future research on CC for its clinical use in HS.
Liver Disorders Caused by Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Authors: Vakili Omid , Mafi Alireza , Pourfarzam Morteza 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a vast array of inherited/congenital disorders, af-fecting a wide variety of metabolic pathways and/or biochemical processes inside the cells. Although IEMs are usually rare, they can be represented as serious health problems. During the neonatal period, these inherited defects can give rise to almost all key signs of liver malfunction, including jaundice, coagulopathy, hepato- and splenomegaly, ascites, etc. Since the liver is a vital organ with multiple synthetic, metabolic, and excretory functions, IEM-related hepatic dysfunction could seriously be con-sidered life-threatening. In this context, the identification of those hepatic manifestations and their associated characteristics may promote the differential diagnosis of IEMs immediately after birth, making therapeutic strategies more successful in preventing the occurrence of subsequent events. Among all possible liver defects caused by IEMs, cholestatic jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and liver failure have been shown to be manifested more frequently. Therefore, the current study aims to review substantial IEMs that mostly result in the aforementioned hepatic disorders, relying on clinical prin-ciples, especially through the first years of life. In this article, a group of uncommon hepatic manifes-tations linked to IEMs is also discussed in brief.
Role of Algal-derived Bioactive Compounds in Human Health
Authors: Tripathi Gyanendra , Dubey Priyanka , Ahmad Suhail , Farooqui Alvina , Mishra Vishal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:Algae is emerging as a bioresource with high biological potential. Various algal strains have been used in traditional medicines and human diets worldwide. They are a rich source of bioactive compounds like ascorbic acid, riboflavin, pantothenate, biotin, folic acid, nicotinic acid, phycocyanins, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), adrenic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), etc. Beta-carotene, astaxanthin, and phycobiliproteins are different classes of pigments that are found in algae. They possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The sulfur-coated polysaccharides in algae have been used as an anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral agent. Scientists have exploited algal-derived bioactive compounds for developing lead molecules against several diseases. Due to the surge in research on bioactive molecules from algae, industries have started showing interest in patenting for the large-scale production of bioactive compounds having applications in sectors like pharmaceuticals, food, and beverage. In the food industry, algae are used as a thickening, gelling, and stabilizing agent. Due to their gelling and thickening characteristics, the most valuable algae products are macroalgal polysaccharides such as agar, alginates, and carrageenan. The high protein, lipid, and nutrient content in microalgae makes it a superfood for aquaculture. The present review aims at describing various non-energy-based applications of algae in pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals. This review attempts to analyze information on algal-derived drugs that have shown better potential and reached clinical trials.
Pengaruh Pemberian Kromium Nitrat dan Kromium Klorida pada Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi dengan Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide terhadap Gambaran Histologi Jantung
Authors: Putri Utami Amardi , Harjana Tri , Rahayu Tutiek 
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian senyawa kromium nitrat dan kromium klorida terhadap histologi jantung tikus jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi streptozotocin-nicotinamide. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), menggunakan 2 kelompok kontrol dan 2 kelompok perlakuan, dilaksanakan selama 4 bulan. Tikus dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan yaitu P1 (kromium nitrat), P2 (kromium klorida), K+ (kromium pikolinat) dan K- (Na-CMC). Variabel terikat berupa histologi jantung tikus berupa kerusakan pembuluh darah arteri dan nekrosis sel. Metode pengumpulan data dengan melakukan pengamatan histologi jantung menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif, independent t test,uji Kruskal-Wallis dan uji One Way Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tikus yang diberi pelakuan kromium nitrat dan kromium klorida memberikan pengaruh yang tidak signifikan (p0,05) pada semua tahap nekrosis sel kecuali perbandingan kelompok P2 dan K- yang memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan (P0,05) pada tahap kariolisis dan memberikan pengaruh yang tidak signifikan (P0,05) dalam menurunkan kerusakan pembuluh darah arteri. Kata kunci: histologi jantung, kromium klorida, kromium nitrat, tikus
Risk factors for burnout syndrome in nurses at a public hospital in Mossoró/RN, Brazil
Authors: Alves Bruna Nogueira , Freitas Camilla Cavalcante , Rocha Gabriel Sousa , Freire Marco Aurelio 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for Burnout syndrome rise in nurses at the Tarcisio de Vasconcelos Maia Regional Hospital in Mossoró/RN. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive, prospective, quantitative and cross-sectional study in 119 nurses from March to September 2022, carried out under license from the Research Ethics Committee of UERN (#4,915,042). A questionnaire with socio-organizational information and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory containing 19 items that reflect professional burnout, in a scale categorized as low, intermediate and high burnout, were applied. Results: Most of the interviewees were female (81%), with an average of 36.4 years old, married (70%), with specialization in the area (74%), and two jobs (59%). It was possible to identify a higher prevalence of high levels of personal burnout (44%), and intermediate levels of work-related burnout (52%), and client-related burnout (50%). A strong positive correlation between the number of employment contracts for the dimensions personal (r=0.74, p=0.03) and work-related burnout (r=0.81, p=0.02), a strong positive correlation between workload and personal burnout (r=0.68, p=0.04), and a moderate positive correlation between workload and work-related burnout (r=0.53, p=0.04) were identified. Conclusions: Exposure to long workload resulted in increased levels of both physical and psychic exhaustion in nurses, negatively interfering with their professional performance and personal relationships. Future studies focusing on strategies to ensure a better working condition for nurses are needed, seeking approaches aimed at providing better occupational health for workers.