bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a decision support system for post bariatric hypoglycaemia: development of forecasting algorithms in unrestricted daily-life conditions
Authors: Prendin Francesco , Streicher Olivia , Cappon Giacomo , Rolfes Eva , Herzig David , Bally Lia , Facchinetti Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Post bariatric hypoglycaemic (PBH) is a late complication of weight loss surgery, characterised by critically low blood glucose levels following meal-induced glycaemic excursions. The disabling consequences of PBH underline the need for the development of a decision support system (DSS) that can warn individuals about upcoming PBH events, thus enabling preventive actions to avoid impending episodes. In view of this, we developed various algorithms based on linear and deep learning models to forecast PBH episodes in the short-term.

Methods
We leveraged a dataset obtained from 50 patients with PBH after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, monitored for up to 50 days under unrestricted real-life conditions. Algorithms’ performance was assessed by measuring Precision, Recall, F1-score, False-alarms-per-day and Time Gain (TG).

Results
The run-to-run forecasting algorithm based on recursive autoregressive model (rAR) outperformed the other techniques, achieving Precision of 64.38%, Recall of 84.43%, F1-score of 73.06%, a median TG of 10 min and 1 false alarm every 6 days. More complex deep learning models demonstrated similar median TG but inferior forecasting capabilities with F1-score ranging from 54.88% to 64.10%.

Conclusions
Real-time forecasting of PBH events using CGM data as a single input imposes high demands on various types of prediction algorithms, with CGM data noise and rapid postprandial glucose dynamics representing the key challenges. In this study, the run-to-run rAR yielded most satisfactory results with accurate PBH event predictive capacity and few false alarms, thereby indicating potential for the development of DSS for people with PBH.
A randomized controlled, trial on effects of mobile phone text messaging in combination with motivational interviewing versus standard infant feeding counselling on breastfeeding and child health outcomes, among women living with HIV
Authors: Zunza Moleen , Thabane Lehana , Kuhn Louise , Els Christine , Lombard Carl , Cotton Mark F. , Young Taryn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Despite efforts to promote optimal breastfeeding practices, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding is low in South Africa. We conducted a trial to determine whether text messaging plus motivational interviewing prolonged exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life and improved child health outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a randomized parallel group-controlled trial between July 2022 and May 2024, at a secondary-level healthcare facility. Mothers living with HIV, 18 years or older, initiating breastfeeding, on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and their infants were enrolled. The primary endpoint was exclusive breastfeeding from birth through week 24, based on the consecutive 24-hour food recall interviews. We compared differences in exclusive breastfeeding rates using a proportion test. Mothers who completely stopped breastfeeding were asked an open-ended question on reasons for stopping breastfeeding.

Results
Using block randomization mother-child pairs (n = 276) were randomly allocated to receive intervention (n = 138) or standard infant feeding counselling (n = 138), of whom 105 and 101 mother-child pairs in the intervention group and standard care group, respectively, completed all four study visits. Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 24 weeks in the intervention group was 6% (6/105) and 7% (7/101) in the standard care group, rate difference − 1% (95% CI -6–4%). Sixty-two of 276 mothers completely stopped breastfeeding, of whom 25% (34/138) and 20% (28) were in the intervention group and standard care group, respectively. The most common reasons for stopping breastfeeding were the mother needing to return to work or look for work, 66% (n = 41). We also found that early breastfeeding cessation increased risk of child hospitalization or death compared to any form of breastfeeding to week 24, 10% (5/48) versus 3% (5/158), p = 0.055.

Conclusions
We found no effect of the intervention on exclusive breastfeeding rates. Early cessation of breastfeeding was prevalent and maternal employment characteristics are important social determinants of breastfeeding behaviour. There is need for further research evaluating the effect of interventions that include financial incentives on breastfeeding practices among socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers. HIV services should reliably offer cART, consistently monitor viral load, and support mothers cART adherence, in settings where mixed feeding is common.

Trial registration
The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05063240) and Pan African Clinical Trial Registries (PACTR202110870407786) before recruitment of the first subject.
Genetic context modulates aging and degeneration in the murine retina
Authors: Marola Olivia J. , MacLean Michael , Cossette Travis L. , Diemler Cory A. , Hewes Amanda A. , Reagan Alaina M. , Kanyinda Jonathan Nyandu , Skelly Daniel A. , Howell Gareth R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Age is the principal risk factor for neurodegeneration in both the retina and brain. The retina and brain share many biological properties; thus, insights into retinal aging and degeneration may shed light onto similar processes in the brain. Genetic makeup strongly influences susceptibility to age-related retinal disease. However, studies investigating retinal aging have not sufficiently accounted for genetic diversity. Therefore, examining molecular aging in the retina across different genetic backgrounds will enhance our understanding of human-relevant aging and degeneration in both the retina and brain—potentially improving therapeutic approaches to these debilitating conditions.

Methods
Transcriptomics and proteomics were employed to elucidate retinal aging signatures in nine genetically diverse mouse strains (C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvlmJ, NZO/HlLtJ, WSB/EiJ, CAST/EiJ, PWK/PhK, NOD/ShiLtJ, A/J, and BALB/cJ) across lifespan. These data predicted human disease-relevant changes in WSB and NZO strains. Accordingly, B6, WSB, and NZO mice were subjected to human-relevant in vivo examinations at 4, 8, 12, and/or 18M, including: slit lamp, fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and pattern/full-field electroretinography. Retinal morphology, vascular structure, and cell counts were assessed ex vivo.

Results
We identified common molecular aging signatures across the nine mouse strains, which included genes associated with photoreceptor function and immune activation. Genetic background strongly modulated these aging signatures. Analysis of cell type-specific marker genes predicted age-related loss of photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in WSB and NZO, respectively. Fundus exams revealed retinitis pigmentosa-relevant pigmentary abnormalities in WSB retinas and diabetic retinopathy (DR)-relevant cotton wool spots and exudates in NZO retinas. Profound photoreceptor dysfunction and loss were confirmed in WSB. Molecular analyses indicated changes in photoreceptor-specific proteins prior to loss, suggesting photoreceptor-intrinsic dysfunction in WSB. In addition, age-associated RGC dysfunction, loss, and concomitant microvascular dysfunction were observed in NZO mice. Proteomic analyses revealed an early reduction in protective antioxidant processes, which may underlie increased susceptibility to DR-relevant pathology in NZO.

Conclusions
Genetic context is a strong determinant of retinal aging, and our multi-omics resource can aid in understanding age-related diseases of the eye and brain. Our investigations identified and validated WSB and NZO mice as improved preclinical models relevant to common retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
The effect of the APOE4 genotype on physiological and cognitive health in randomised controlled trials with an exercise intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Spencer Felicity S. E. , Elsworthy Richard J. , Breen Leigh , Bishop Jon R. B. , Dunleavy Connor , Aldred Sarah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Alzheimer’s disease is caused by modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Randomised controlled trials have investigated whether the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, APOE4, impacts the effectiveness of exercise on health. Systematic reviews are yet to evaluate the effect of exercise on physical and cognitive outcomes in APOE genotyped participants. A quality assessment of these randomised controlled trials is needed to understand the impact genotype has on the potential success of intervention. This systematic review aimed to determine if the APOE4 genotype influences the effectiveness of exercise-based randomised controlled trials.

Method
Searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO identified eligible exercise based randomised controlled trials incorporating participants with varied cognitive abilities. Quality assessments were conducted.

Results
Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria for systematic review, and 3 for the meta-analysis. Very low to moderate quality evidence showed that APOE4 carriers benefitted more than APOE4 non-carriers on cognitive (e.g. executive function, learning) and physical (e.g. relative telomere length) outcomes after exercise; and that APOE4 non-carriers benefited over carriers for physical (serum BDNF, gait speed) and cognitive (global cognition, verbal memory) markers. Very low quality evidence indicated that there was no evidence of difference between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers on physical function outcomes in meta-analysis. Several areas of study design and reporting, including maintenance of relative exercise intensity and complete statistical reporting, were identified as needing improvement.

Discussion
This systematic review found very limited evidence to suggest that exercise interventions can benefit APOE4 carriers and non-carriers equally, though conclusions were limited by evidence quality. Further randomised controlled trials, stratifying participants by APOE status are required to better understand the relationship between APOE genotype and the effect of exercise on health-related outcomes.

Trial registration
This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023436842). Registered on June 16, 2023.
Multifunctional probiotic and safety attributes Heyndrickxia coagulans isolated from stingless bee honey
Authors: Prakit Benyapa , Chaiyod Rungravee , Khongkool Kittiya , Chanasit Wankuson , Lertworapreecha Monthon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background

Heyndrickxia coagulans, recognized for its probiotic attributes and resilience as an endospore-forming bacterium, is increasingly studied for health supplement applications. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential and safety of novel H. coagulans isolated from stingless bee honey, a new source for this bacterium, and to characterize their multifunctional probiotic properties.

Results
We isolated two novel H. coagulans, TBRC-18260 and TBRC-18261, and conducted comprehensive in vitro analyses to assess their probiotic traits such as acid and bile salt tolerance, self-aggregation, and pathogen inhibition. Both isolates were also evaluated for safety through antibiotic susceptibility testing and hemolytic activity. Functional properties, including GABA production, antioxidant activity, were examined to establish their potential as probiotics. TBRC-18260 and TBRC-18261 exhibited core probiotic characteristics and showed excellent survivability under acidic conditions and in the presence of bile salts. They displayed strong antimicrobial activity against various pathogens and demonstrated significant GABA production and antioxidant capabilities. The safety assessments confirmed their non-hemolytic nature and susceptibility to a wide range of antibiotics.

Conclusion
The novel H. coagulans isolates, TBRC-18260 and TBRC-18261, with their robust probiotic properties, antioxidant activities, and safety profiles, emerged as promising candidates for the development of functional foods and dietary supplements. This study enhances the biodiversity of available probiotics and supports the continuous search for novel strains with unique health-promoting characteristics.
An analysis of the current and potential market opportunities for hempseed and fibre: the case of Scotland?
Authors: Dogbe Wisdom , Revoredo-Giha Cesar , Russell Wendy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The growing demand for eco-friendly food and industrial products have renewed interest in industrial hemp which is a low-cost, biodegradable, sustainable, and multi-purpose plant. Many countries in Europe and Asia have changed their laws to take advantage of the tremendous benefits that industrial hemp present. However, the development of the sector in Scotland is very slow due to stringent laws. The goal of the present study is to present policymakers with economic data on the current and potential market opportunities for industrial hemp, trends in new product development, and the state of the hemp supply chain. This study entails desk-based research primary and secondary data analysis. Primary data were collected from farmers in Aberdeenshire and Scottish borders, and secondary data were collected from the FAOSTATS Office of National Statistics and the Global New Product Database.

Results
The results of this study show that the opportunities from hemp seed and fibre are vast: hemp can sequester more carbon dioxide than traditional crops can, improve soil biodiversity, extract toxins from soil through phytoremediation, be used as an eco-friendly insecticide and pesticide, and provide an excellent source of protein, fibre and micronutrient vitamins and minerals, as well as a range of bioactive phytochemicals. The GNPD reveals that over 4000 hemp-based products have been launched worldwide. However, the supply chain for Scottish-grown hemp faces significant bottlenecks. The sector lacks a well-established market route, faces a high licensing costs, lacks hemp seed-pressing centres, etc.

Conclusion
This study is relevant because it is the first study to provide a comprehensive analysis of the industrial hemp sector in Scotland. This study makes time-bound recommendations to grow the hemp sector in Scotland, which include regular extension services, easy access to licences for production, the establishment of a hempseed and fibre processing plants, and seed production centre.
Adverse events associated with IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors in the clinical management of psoriasis: a comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis
Authors: Shi Wentao , Zhao Ziyi , Zhai Yinghong , Ye Xiaofei , Xu Feng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) inhibitors and the IL-12/23 inhibitor ustekinumab constitute a pivotal class of therapeutic agents employed in the clinical management of Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder. Notwithstanding their therapeutic efficacy, concerns have arisen due to the emergence of multiple adverse events (AEs) associated with their usage. This study aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the distribution and characteristics of these AEs concerning IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors, with a specific focus on guselkumab, tildrakizumab, risankizumab, and ustekinumab.

Methods
In this research endeavor, we conducted an extensive analysis of data extracted from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), spanning the timeframe from January 1, 2014, to September 30, 2022. To identify potential signals of AEs, we rigorously applied disproportionality analysis, utilizing both reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) metrics. A signal was considered present when the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for ROR (ROR025) exceeded one or when IC (IC025) surpassed zero, with a minimum requirement of three or more reported cases.

Results
Our investigation encompassed a substantial dataset, comprising a total of 41,408,408 reports detailing drug-AE associations and involving 13,271,168 individuals. Among these, 704, 13,164, and 11,399 patients were identified as users of the IL-23 inhibitors tildrakizumab, guselkumab, and risankizumab, respectively, while 62,853 patients were identified as users of the IL-12/23 inhibitor ustekinumab. The analysis revealed the presence of 8, 20, 107, and 115 signals for these respective drugs. Significantly, the System Organ Class (SOC) exhibiting the highest incidence was “infections and infestations,” with documented occurrences in tildrakizumab (6/8), guselkumab (5/20), ustekinumab (50/107), and risankizumab (25/115).

Conclusion
Our pharmacovigilance analysis has brought to light a substantial frequency of AEs linked to IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors. These findings underscore the pivotal role of IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors in modulating immune function and raise concerns regarding their potential to heighten susceptibility to infections and malignancies. However, limitations inherent to the FAERS database, including underreporting, lack of denominator data, potential duplicate records, and inability to confirm causality, should be acknowledged of particular significance is risankizumab, which, despite having fewer reported cases and a later market introduction compared to ustekinumab, exhibited a higher incidence of AEs. These results emphasize the necessity for ongoing vigilance, further investigation, and a reevaluation of the safety profile of IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors in the clinical management of Psoriasis.
Leveraging machine learning for enhanced reservoir permeability estimation in geothermal hotspots: a case study of the Williston Basin
Authors: Koray Abdul-Muaizz , Gyimah Emmanuel , Metwally Mohamed , Rahnema Hamid , Tomomewo Olusegun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Geothermal energy is a large, renewable, and clean source of energy from the earth in the form of heat. Exploring the deeper layers of the Williston Basin has revealed favorable reservoir temperatures, particularly in the western areas where high heat flows are prevalent. The quality of a geothermal hotspot hinges on the reservoir quality index (RQI), which is determined by the accuracy of calculating the field reservoir permeability. The primary goal of this study is to apply machine learning techniques to accurately calculate the field permeability, which is important for optimizing the RQI. To enhance accuracy, we initially applied various clustering algorithms, including the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), K-means, K-median, and hierarchical clustering methods, to delineate hydraulic flow units (HFU) within the reservoir using porosity, permeability and water saturation core data. Subsequently, regression models including supervised ML regression methods such as neural networks, support vector machine (SVM) regression, Gaussian process regression (GPR), ensemble regression, linear regression, and decision trees were employed for each flow unit to establish correlations and calculate field permeability with each of these models validated using cross-validation. In comparison to the other clustering methods, the hierarchical clustering method showed the best performance by showing a strong correlation between the actual and predicted permeability values. Overall, the SVM and GPR regression methods were observed to show consistent results with the training and testing datasets, with the SVM regression technique yielding higher R-squared values through regression across the different clustering techniques. In addition, cross-plots were employed to successfully delineate the Red River formation into distinct regions, aiding in the definition of formation lithology and the estimation of field water saturation. Our study showcases an integrated approach to predicting reservoir permeability, considering limited core data. ML emerges as an effective tool for characterizing the Red River formation as a geothermal hotspot in North Dakota, showcasing the potential for sustainable energy exploration and utilization which reduces the reliance on extensive coring in order to enhance geothermal exploration accuracy.
Impact of an adaptive environment based on learning analytics on pre-service science teacher behavior and self-regulation
Authors: Abouelenein Yousri Attia Mohamed , Selim Shaimaa Abdul Salam , Aldosemani Tahani Ibrahim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Learning analytics provides valuable data to inform the best decisions for each learner. This study, based on adaptive environment (AE) learning analytics dashboards, examines how instructor interventions affect student self-regulation abilities and academic performance. It identifies the self-regulation categories requiring the most support to correct learning paths. Little is known about how interventions in an AE can influence learners' self-regulation based on performance indicators, particularly in science education. The study included 95 Faculty of Education and the Department of Science students. Using a longitudinal clustering approach, researchers identified three unique self-regulated learning (SRL) profiles: oriented, adaptive, and minimally self-regulated learners. While the results showed that the learning analyses were useful in guiding the process of appropriate interventions through an adaptive environment for each student by providing indicators and raising the level of self-regulation for each group separately, the results also showed that there was no change in the classification of self-regulation into groups and that no students moved between groups. These findings highlight the complexity of SRL, suggesting that while interventions can impact engagement and behavior, they may not be sufficient to change the learner's underlying profile. In academic performance, statistically significant differences were found, with the oriented self-regulation group outperforming the adaptive and minimally self-regulated groups. The findings underscore the importance of learning analytics and their indicators for timely interventions in adaptive environments. Additionally, the AE was highly effective, offering students opportunities to review material, which improved their study techniques, test-taking strategies, and overall learning experience.