bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial diversity and co‐occurrence patterns differ across a world‐wide spatial distribution of habitats in glacier ecosystems
Authors: Zhang Liyan , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Hotaling Scott , Li Yi , Sun Xiangxin , Xu Yifei , Chu Haiyan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Glaciers cover nearly 10% of the Earth's surface and are unique biomes dominated by microbial communities that support key ecosystem processes. The melting of glaciers is among the most conspicuous consequences of global climate change, with impacts on microbial ecology and associated biogeochemistry. However, we are still missing an integrative understanding of microbial biodiversity from divergent habitats associated with glaciers.

Here, we compiled global microbiome metadata from 93 representative glaciers over 180 locations and used random forest, microbial ecological networks and structural equation modelling to evaluate the biodiversity and environmental factors associated with the glacier microbiomes of seven contrasting habitats: water, epilithic biofilm, cryoconite, mat, ice, sediment and permafrost soil.

The results showed that microbial diversity largely changed across habitats, with the highest in permafrost soil, followed by sediment, ice, mat, cryoconite, water and epilithic biofilm. More importantly, we provided critical evidence that the environmental and climatic factors associated with the microbiomes of glaciers varied with glacier habitats. Microbial diversity in water was highly correlated with latitude, cryoconite microbial diversity was significantly (p = 0.01) correlated with pH, and permafrost soil and sediment microbial diversity were mainly explained by temperature (17.05% and 13.37% respectively).

Using ecological association network analysis, we identified some tightly linked common microbial taxa (e.g. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes) that were present in all the habitats and were vulnerable to climatic factors, such as temperature and precipitation. This study demonstrated that microbial diversity, drivers and co‐occurrence patterns differ among glacier habitats globally, and diverse habitat‐dependent glacier microbiomes could serve as early warning sentinels for the study of life on glaciers and its potential future in a warming world.

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Analyse de l'effet empirique de l'intégration économique sur la croissance sectorielle en Afrique Subsaharienne: quelle implication de la gouvernance?
Authors: Ayenagbo Kossi 
Published: March 2023

RésuméL'objectif de ce papier est d'analyser le rôle de la gouvernance dans la relation entre l'intégration économique et la croissance sectorielle en Afrique Subsaharienne. L'approche économétrique est basée sur un modèle de panel dynamique de 33 pays d'Afrique Subsaharienne et plus spécifiquement sur les pays de l'UEMOA couvrant la période de 2002 à 2019. L'estimateur de la méthode des moments généralisés (GMM) et celui des moindres carrés corrigés des variables muettes (LSDVC) sont utilisés respectivement dans les deux contextes pour obtenir les résultats. Les résultats révèlent que l'intégration économique améliore significativement la croissance sectorielle notamment de l'agriculture et de l'industrie avec un effet plus important pour le secteur agricole. Les résultats montrent également que la qualité de la gouvernance améliore l'effet de l'intégration commerciale sur la croissance sectorielle beaucoup plus dans la zone UEMOA. Les résultats montrent également un effet significatif de l'investissement et de l'emploi. Ainsi, les décideurs publics dans l'objectif de croissance, doivent mettre en place des mesures d'amélioration de la qualité des indicateurs de la gouvernance.
COVID‐19 vaccine uptake rates, perceptions, and attitudes among dialysis patients: Experience across a national sample
Authors: Balzan Deborah , Agius Stefanie Marie , Farrugia Emanuel , Buttigieg Jesmar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionDialysis patients are at increased risk of severe COVID‐19 infection making vaccination a priority. We explored COVID‐19 vaccine uptake and perceptions in our dialysis population, associated COVID‐19 infection, and hospitalization rates.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective study using telephone questionnaires and hospital records to investigate COVID‐19 vaccine uptake and attitudes behind vaccination status.ResultsA total of 230 patients were interviewed. Vaccine uptake was 97.8% (two doses) and 86.6% (booster dose), with 79.5% vaccinated at Renal Unit. Most (58.5%) cited healthcare worker advice as a contributing factor and 54% sought protection through vaccination. COVID‐19 hospitalization was higher in unvaccinated and patients vaccinated with one dose, compared to two doses (63.2% vs. 20%, p = 0.05) and booster dose (63.2% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.02).ConclusionOur dialysis population recognized the importance of COVID‐19 vaccination. Intensive patient education and easy access to the COVID‐19 vaccine may have facilitated vaccine uptake in these patients.
Maintenance of genetic diversity in subdivided populations using genomic coancestry matrices
Authors: Morales‐González Elisabeth , Villanueva Beatriz , Toro Miguel Á. , Fernández Jesús 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor both undivided and subdivided populations, the consensus method to maintain genetic diversity is the Optimal Contribution (OC) method. For subdivided populations, this method determines the optimal contribution of each candidate to each subpopulation to maximize global genetic diversity (which implicitly optimizes migration between subpopulations) while balancing the relative levels of coancestry between and within subpopulations. Inbreeding can be controlled by increasing the weight given to within‐subpopulation coancestry (λ). Here we extend the original OC method for subdivided populations that used pedigree‐based coancestry matrices, to the use of more accurate genomic matrices. Global levels of genetic diversity, measured as expected heterozygosity and allelic diversity, their distributions within and between subpopulations, and the migration pattern between subpopulations, were evaluated via stochastic simulations. The temporal trajectory of allele frequencies was also investigated. The genomic matrices investigated were (i) the matrix based on deviations of the observed number of alleles shared by two individuals from the expected number under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; and (ii) a matrix based on a genomic relationship matrix. The matrix based on deviations led to higher global and within‐subpopulation expected heterozygosities, lower inbreeding and similar allelic diversity than the second genomic and pedigree‐based matrices when a relatively high weight was given to the within‐subpopulation coancestries (λ ≥ 5). Under this scenario, allele frequencies moved only slightly away from the initial frequencies. Therefore, the recommended strategy is to use the former matrix in the OC methodology giving a high weight to the within‐subpopulation coancestry.
Comparing restrictive versus liberal oxygen strategies for trauma patients: The TRAUMOX2 trial—Statistical analysis plan
Authors: Arleth Tobias , Baekgaard Josefine , Siersma Volkert , Klimek Markus , Hinkelbein Jochen , Rasmussen Lars Simon , Steinmetz Jacob ,   for The TRAUMOX2 Study Group
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe international advanced trauma life support guidelines recommend that all severely injured trauma patients receive supplemental oxygen based on very limited evidence. The TRAUMOX2 trial randomises adult trauma patients to a restrictive or liberal oxygen strategy for 8 h. The primary composite outcome consists of 30‐day mortality and/or development of major respiratory complications (pneumonia and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome). This manuscript presents the statistical analysis plan for TRAUMOX2.MethodsPatients are randomised 1:1 in variable block sizes of four, six and eight, stratified by including centre (pre‐hospital base or trauma centre) and tracheal intubation at inclusion. The trial will include 1420 patients to be able to detect a 33% relative risk reduction with the restrictive oxygen strategy of the composite primary outcome with 80% power at the 5% significance level. We will conduct modified intention‐to‐treat analyses on all randomised patients and per‐protocol analyses for the primary composite outcome and key secondary outcomes. The primary composite outcome and two key secondary outcomes will be compared between the two allocated groups using logistic regression reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals adjusted for the stratification variables as in the primary analysis. A p‐value below 5% will be considered statistically significant. A Data Monitoring and Safety Committee has been established to conduct interim analyses after inclusion of 25% and 50% of the patients.ConclusionThis statistical analysis plan of the TRAUMOX2 trial will minimise bias and add transparency to the statistics applied in the analysis of the trial. The results will add evidence on restrictive and liberal supplemental oxygen strategies for trauma patients.Trial RegistrationEudraCT number: 2021–000556‐19; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05146700 (date of registration: 7 December 2021).
Dialysate regeneration via urea photodecomposition with TiO2 nanowires at therapeutic rates
Authors: Shao Guozheng , Tang Hao , Ren Shen , Creason Sharon A. , Faisal Syed , Galperin Anna , Aliseda Alberto , Gao Dayong , Ratner Buddy , Hinds Bruce J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe standard weekly treatment for end‐stage renal disease patients is three 4‐h‐long hemodialysis sessions with each session c'onsuming over 120 L of clean dialysate, which prevents the development of portable or continuous ambulatory dialysis treatments. The regeneration of a small (~1 L) amount of dialysate would enable treatments that give conditions close to continuous hemostasis and improve patient quality of life through mobility.MethodsSmall‐scale studies have shown that nanowires of TiO2 are highly efficient at photodecomposing urea into CO2 and N2 when using an applied bias and an air permeable cathode. To enable the demonstration of a dialysate regeneration system at therapeutically useful rates, a scalable microwave hydrothermal synthesis of single crystal TiO2 nanowires grown directly from conductive substrates was developed. These were incorporated into 1810 cm2 flow channel arrays. The regenerated dialysate samples were treated with activated carbon (2 min at 0.2 g/mL).ResultsThe photodecomposition system achieved the therapeutic target of 14.2 g urea removal in 24 h. TiO2 electrode had a high urea removal photocurrent efficiency of 91%, with less than 1% of the decomposed urea generating NH4+ (1.04 μg/h/cm2), 3% generating NO3− and 0.5% generating chlorine species. Activated carbon treatment could reduce total chlorine concentration from 0.15 to <0.02 mg/L. The regenerated dialysate showed significant cytotoxicity which could be removed by treatment with activated carbon. Additionally, a forward osmosis membrane with sufficient urea flux can cut off the mass transfer of the by‐products back into the dialysate.ConclusionUrea could be removed from spent dialysate at a therapeutic rate using a TiO2 based photooxidation unit, which can enable portable dialysis systems.
Normothermic machine perfusion for older transplant recipients
Authors: Shubin Andrew D. , Feizpour Cyrus A. , Hwang Christine S. , Hanish Steven I. , Raschzok Nathanael , Wang Benjamin K. , Desai Dev M. , Shah Jigesh A. , Vagefi Parsia A. , MacConmara Malcolm P. , Patel Madhukar S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionElderly patients (≥65 years old) are increasingly undergoing liver transplantation and are more likely to be removed from the waitlist. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) holds promise in expanding the number of livers available for transplant and improving outcomes for marginal donors and recipients. We aimed to determine the impact of NMP on outcomes in elderly recipients at our institution and nationally using the UNOS database.MethodsThe use of NMP on outcomes in elderly recipients was reviewed using both the UNOS/SRTR database (2016–2022) and institutional data (2018–2020). Characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between the NMP and static cold (control) groups within both populations.ResultsNationally, using the UNOS/SRTR database, we identified 165 elderly recipients from 28 centers who received a liver allograft undergoing NMP and 4270 that underwent traditional cold static storage. NMP donors were older (48.3 vs. 43.4 years,p < 0.01), had similar rates of steatosis (8.5% vs 8.5%,p = 0.58), were more likely to be from a DCD (41.8% vs 12.3%,p < 0.01), and had a higher donor risk index (DRI; 1.70 vs. 1.60,p < 0.02). NMP recipients had similar age but had a lower MELD score at transplant (17.9 vs. 20.7,p = 0.01). Despite increased marginality of the donor graft, NMP recipients had similar allograft survival and decreased length of stay, even after accounting for recipient characteristics including MELD. Institutional data showed that 10 elderly recipients underwent NMP and 68 underwent cold static storage. At our institution, NMP recipients had a similar length of stay, rates of complications, and readmissions.ConclusionsNMP may mitigate donor risk factors that are relative contraindications for transplantation in elderly liver recipients, increasing the donor pool. The application of NMP in older recipients should be considered.
The Approach‐Avoidance Job Crafting Scale: Development and validation of a measurement of the hierarchical structure of job crafting
Authors: Lopper Elisa , Horstmann Kai T. , Hoppe Annekatrin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Approach‐Avoidance Job Crafting Scale (AAJCS) builds on our adjusted version of a hierarchical structure of job crafting by Zhang and Parker from 2019. In developing and validating the new AAJCS, we, first, developed the German items in a stepwise procedure (pilot study). Second, we tested the factor structure and reliability (Study 1). Third, we replicated previous results and tested the construct validity (Study 2). Fourth, we ensured the criterion validity of the AAJCS (Study 3). The results suggested the existence of two independent factors, namely, approach and avoidance crafting, rather than a global job crafting factor. Furthermore, approach and avoidance crafting each consist of four job crafting dimensions, thus reflecting the hierarchical structure of job crafting. Within these dimensions, aspects of previous job crafting concepts are integrated. The distinction between approach and avoidance crafting became apparent in the comparison of their criterion validities as follows: Approach crafting was positively related to work‐related outcomes, while avoidance crafting was negatively associated with work engagement and performance. Furthermore, approach and avoidance crafting exhibited incremental validity with regard to predict work engagement and performance beyond previous job crafting concepts. Approach crafting was positively associated while avoidance crafting was negatively associated with work engagement and performance.
Convolutional neural network‐based automated maxillary alveolar bone segmentation on cone‐beam computed tomography images
Authors: Fontenele Rocharles Cavalcante , Gerhardt Maurício do Nascimento , Picoli Fernando Fortes , Van Gerven Adriaan , Nomidis Stefanos , Willems Holger , Freitas Deborah Queiroz , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo develop and assess the performance of a novel artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based tool for automated three‐dimensional (3D) maxillary alveolar bone segmentation on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.Materials and MethodsA total of 141 CBCT scans were collected for performing training (n = 99), validation (n = 12), and testing (n = 30) of the CNN model for automated segmentation of the maxillary alveolar bone and its crestal contour. Following automated segmentation, the 3D models with under‐ or overestimated segmentations were refined by an expert for generating a refined‐AI (R‐AI) segmentation. The overall performance of CNN model was assessed. Also, 30% of the testing sample was randomly selected and manually segmented to compare the accuracy of AI and manual segmentation. Additionally, the time required to generate a 3D model was recorded in seconds (s).ResultsThe accuracy metrics of automated segmentation showed an excellent range of values for all accuracy metrics. However, the manual method (95% HD: 0.20 ± 0.05 mm; IoU: 95% ± 3.0; DSC: 97% ± 2.0) showed slightly better performance than the AI segmentation (95% HD: 0.27 ± 0.03 mm; IoU: 92% ± 1.0; DSC: 96% ± 1.0). There was a statistically significant difference of the time‐consumed among the segmentation methods (p < .001). The AI‐driven segmentation (51.5 ± 10.9 s) was 116 times faster than the manual segmentation (5973.3 ± 623.6 s). The R‐AI method showed intermediate time‐consumed (1666.7 ± 588.5 s).ConclusionAlthough the manual segmentation showed slightly better performance, the novel CNN‐based tool also provided a highly accurate segmentation of the maxillary alveolar bone and its crestal contour consuming 116 times less than the manual approach.
Do patron bans affect subsequent behaviour? An examination of pre‐ and post‐ban offending for barring notice and prohibition order recipients in Western Australia
Authors: Farmer Clare , Miller Peter G. , Taylor Nicholas , Baldwin Ryan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionTo explore whether receipt of either of two patron banning provisions currently used in Western Australia—in response to alcohol‐related disorderly and anti‐social behaviour—is associated with changes to subsequent offending.MethodWestern Australia Police de‐identified the offender records and associated data for 3440 individuals who had received one or more police‐imposed barring notice/s between 2011 and 2020, and 319 individuals who had received one or more prohibition orders between 2013 and 2020. The number of offences recorded for each recipient before and after the first notice/order were examined to understand the potential effect of both provisions upon subsequent offending.ResultsThe low number of repeat barring notices (5% of the total) and prohibition orders (1% of the total) points to their general success. Analysis of offending records before and after receipt/expiry of either provision indicates that both have a generally positive effect on subsequent behaviours. For all barring notice recipients, 52% recorded no further offences and for all prohibition order recipients, 58% recorded no further offences. There was a less positive effect for the sub‐set of multiple ban recipients and prolific offenders.Discussion and ConclusionsBarring notices and prohibition orders appear to have a generally positive effect on subsequent behaviours for the majority of recipients. More targeted interventions are recommended for repeat offenders, for whom patron banning provisions have a more limited effect.
Inverse association between glucose variability and body fat in type 2 diabetes with impaired endogenous insulin secretion assessed using continuous glucose monitoring: A prospective observational study
Authors: Miya Aika , Nakamura Akinobu , Suzuki Yuka , Nomoto Hiroshi , Kameda Hiraku , Cho Kyu Yong , Ito Yoichi M. , Nagai So , Miyoshi Hideaki , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the contribution of body fat mass and serum adiponectin concentration to glucose variability (GV) stability in people with type 2 diabetes with impaired versus preserved endogenous insulin secretion.Materials and methodsThis multicentre prospective observational study included 193 people with type 2 diabetes who underwent ambulatory continuous glucose monitoring, abdominal computed tomography and fasting blood sampling. A fasting C‐peptide (FCP) concentration >2 ng/mL was defined as preserved endogenous insulin secretion. The participants were divided into high (FCP > 2 ng/mL) and low FCP subgroups (FCP ≤ 2 ng/mL). Multivariate regression analysis was performed in each subgroup.ResultsIn the high FCP subgroup, the coefficient of variation (CV) in GV was unrelated to abdominal fat area. In the low FCP subgroup, a high CV was significantly related to small abdominal visceral fat area (β = –0.11, standard error 0.03; P < 0.05) and to small subcutaneous fat area (β = –0.09, standard error 0.04; P < 0.05). No significant relationship between serum adiponectin concentration and continuous glucose monitoring‐related variables was found.ConclusionsThe contribution of body fat mass to GV depends on the endogenous insulin secretion residue. A small body fat area has independent adverse effects on GV in people with type 2 diabetes and impaired endogenous insulin secretion.
Which factors affect the sustainability of pension schemes?
Authors: Outlioua Said , Fazouane Abdesselam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article seeks to determine the most influential factors on the sustainability of a pension system. To this end, an empirical analysis was conducted on a sample of 13 countries, with different characteristics, according to three criteria: the size of the pension system's assets, the old‐age dependency ratio and the success of the system according to the Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index. The results of this preliminary study show that countries with successful pension systems share a high rate of formal employment, good political stability, high life expectancy at birth, and a good rate of coverage by the pension system.
Stimulation better targets fast‐ripple generating networks in super responders to the responsive neurostimulator system
Authors: Weiss Shennan Aibel , Eliashiv Dawn , Stern John , Rubinstein Daniel , Fried Itzhak , Wu Chengyuan , Sharan Ashwini , Engel Jerome , Staba Richard , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow responsive neurostimulation (RNS) decreases seizure frequency is unclear. Stimulation may alter epileptic networks during inter‐ictal epochs. Definitions of the epileptic network vary but fast ripples (FRs) may be an important substrate. We, therefore, examined whether stimulation of FR‐generating networks differed in RNS super responders and intermediate responders. In 10 patients, with subsequent RNS placement, we detected FRs from stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) contacts during pre‐surgical evaluation. The normalized coordinates of the SEEG contacts were compared with those of the eight RNS contacts, and RNS‐stimulated SEEG contacts were defined as those within 1.5 cm3 of the RNS contacts. We compared the post‐RNS placement seizure outcome to (1) the ratio of stimulated SEEG contacts in the seizure‐onset zone (SOZ stimulation ratio [SR]); (2) the ratio of FR events on stimulated contacts (FR SR); and (3) the global efficiency of the FR temporal correlational network on stimulated contacts (FR SGe). We found that the SOZ SR (p = .18) and FR SR (p = .06) did not differ in the RNS super responders and intermediate responders, but the FR SGe did (p = .02). In super responders, highly active desynchronous sites of the FR network were stimulated. RNS that better targets FR networks, as compared to the SOZ, may reduce epileptogenicity more.