bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular morbidity and co-morbidities in children attending a nodal district early intervention center in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Masood Anam , Amitava Abadan K , Khalid Anam , Firdaus Uzma , Gupta Yogesh , Raza S Aisha , Bose Aparna 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To obtain epidemiological data on children with ocular morbidity attending a nodal district early intervention center (DEIC).

Methods:
After parental consent, we recruited children with ocular morbidity. After detailed history and clinical evaluation, along with pediatric consultation and relevant neuro-radiological and ancillary investigation, information was entered in a pretested proforma: especially looking for perinatal morbidity, including developmental delay (DD). Visual acuity (VA) was assessed by age-appropriate means by an ophthalmic assistant trained to work with children with special needs. We diligently looked for strabismus and performed dilated ophthalmoscopy. Using JASP, we summarized data as means and proportions and reported 95% CIs. We explored the association of disability percentage with possible predictor variables using regression.

Results:
We enrolled 320 children, with a mean age of 34.43 ± 31.35 months; two-thirds were male; one-third belonged to lower socioeconomic status (36%), with most parents being illiterate. The mean presenting VA was 1.8 logMAR for both eyes, range: 0 to 3. Sixty-one percent were hyperopic and 27% were myopic. High refractive error, (>±6D) occurred in nine; anisometropia in one; strabismus in 149, mostly esotropia; congenital cataract in 25, whereas 63 had abnormal fundus. Seventy-six received a diagnosis of cerebral visual impairment (CVI). On multivariate linear regression (MLR), younger age, presence of DD, and CVI significantly predicted a higher disability percentage. Logistic regression revealed that statutory disability is likely associated with DD (odds ratio [OR]: 13.43); whereas older age was protective (OR: 0.977).

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that in DEIC children with ocular morbidity, younger children, and the presence of DD significantly predict both greater disability and the likelihood of statutory levels.
A cross-sectional study to describe the spectrum of ocular manifestations and risk factors of mucormycosis presenting to a tertiary hospital of East India
Authors: Raj Amit , Nishant Prateek , Sadhukhan Kaushik , Saha Bhawesh C , Sinha Upasna , Kokkayil Prathyusha , Gupta Abhishek , Kumar Amit , Tiwari Pragati 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To report the clinico-demographic profile of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) in patients during the “second wave” of the COVID-19 pandemic in eastern India, and their ophthalmic manifestations at presentation to our tertiary institute.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study amongst patients presenting to our center based on their hospital records. Demographic information, history related to COVID-19, records of detailed ocular examination, and microbiological, radiological, and histopathological investigation were entered into an online worksheet and analyzed using SPSS 26.0.

Results:
A total of 219 patients with ROCM were treated from May to September 2021, and 110 of these had ocular manifestations at presentation (50.2%). The age of patients ranged from 22 to 83 years and the mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 49.9 ± 12.9 years. Ninety (81.8%) patients had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, 31 (34%) had hypertension, and 10 had other comorbidities. The duration between the onset of COVID-19 and mucormycosis symptoms was 0 to 60 days with a mean ± SD interval of 20.9 ± 12.6 days. Fifty-six (50.9%) patients had a history of steroid use. Unrelenting ocular or facial pain was the most common presenting symptom, ptosis was the most common anterior segment manifestation, and ophthalmic artery occlusion was the most common posterior segment manifestation.

Conclusion:
Our data from eastern India reinforces the relationship between COVID-19, diabetes, corticosteroid use, and ROCM. Knowledge of various presenting anterior and posterior segment manifestations of the disease as described in the present study will guide clinicians to recognize the disease early and make every effort to prevent complications.
Identification of potential barriers for timely access to pediatric sibling eye check-up in a tertiary eye care hospital
Authors: Pawar Neelam , Ravindran Meenakshi , Fathima A , Ramakrishnan K , Sithiq Mohammed , Paranjape Mihir 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To identify socio-economic, demographic, and clinical factors that may be associated with sibling access to ophthalmic check-up.

Methods:
A cross-sectional, descriptive study investigated children in the age group of 0–15 years under a project on Systematic Pediatric Eye Care Through Sibling Screening Strategies (SPECSSS project). The siblings of pediatric patients (proband) with refractive errors, strabismus, cataract, glaucoma, and retinal pathologies were given a referral card for ophthalmic check-up. If parents do not bring siblings for check-up within 1 month of initial information and even after 2 SMS reminders, it was considered as failure to uptake of services. On follow-up later, they were provided a questionnaire. A questionnaire was given to the parent by interview through a project coordinator, and details were obtained from the parents or caretaker. Parents who were willing for telephonic interview were asked to respond to the questionnaire over phone on the scheduled date. The sibling details, parent-related details, and data from questionnaire forms were entered and analyzed.

Results:
The mean age of 300 siblings was 9.3 ± 4.0 years with the majority of them being female (158). The most common reasons quoted by parents in the rural area compared with the urban area for not bringing siblings for eye exams were the travel distance from home to the hospital (n = 118, 83.7%), the travel time from home to the hospital (n = 109, 77.3%), more than one vehicle required to change (n = 111, 78.7%), and the transportation cost more than rupees 100 (INR) (n = 89, 63.1%) (p < 0.05). Unable to leave work responsibilities (n = 126, 79.3%) was stated more frequently by urban parents compared to rural (p = 0.039).

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that the financial factor, the distance factor, and social belief play an important role in timely uptake of sibling eye check-up. Targeting siblings with treatable pediatric eye diseases could help in reducing the burden of refractive error, strabismus, and cataract in the pediatric population.
Phaco-handpiece used as a Fragmatome for managing nucleus drop
Authors: Nene Amit S , Ramteke Pushpanjali , Shenoy Pratik , Shah Smitesh , Shah Sonal , Sheth Siddharth 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Nucleus drop during cataract surgery is a dreaded complication and requires urgent vitreo-retinal intervention which is managed commonly using a fragmatome. However, a fragmatome is not readily available in routine ophthalmology set-ups because its use is very limited. On the other hand, a phaco-probe is commonly available with all surgeons and makes it cost-effective.

Purpose:
The purpose is to demonstrate the utility of a phaco-probe as an alternative to a fragmatome in managing nucleus drop during cataract surgery, making it cost-effective and less time-consuming and simple.

Synopsis:
The video shows two cases of complicated cataract surgery in which a nucleus is dropped in the vitreous cavity. The sleeve of the phaco-probe was removed, and infusion was disconnected to make it function as a fragmatome. We noted reduced lenticular repulsion from the phaco-handpiece tip as compared to the fragmatome, and no scleral burns were observed. The cases were completed by secondary placement of an intra-ocular lens in the sulcus in the same sitting. Thus, the phaco-probe can be considered to manage nucleus drop in the absence of a fragmatome.

Highlights:
A phaco-probe can be used as an alternative to a framgamtome, which is a cost-effective and simple technique.

Video link:

https://youtu.be/6c-40Bcijrc

Key words: Fragmatome, nulceus drop, phaco handpiece
Role of tenon advancement in treating limbal ischemia in acute chemical injury
Authors: Singh Prabhakar , Raj Amit , Abhishek  , Nanda Jayadev 
Published: January 2023

Background:
In acute chemical injury, damage can range from ocular surface epithelial defects to limbal and scleral ischemia. This may subsequently progress to corneal or scleral melting and perforation and finally result in phthisis bulbi. Thus, acute chemical injury is a potentially blinding condition and warrants attention. The accurate technique to assess the damage incurred should be practiced to avoid undertreatment and subsequent complications. Surgical intervention wherever needed should be appropriately timed and should be performed. The primary aim of medical or surgical intervention in acute chemical injury is to attain a stable and epithelized ocular surface. Even a conjunctival phenotype over the cornea is a desirable outcome.

Purpose:
This video discusses the nuances involved in the assessment and planning of Tenon advancement with amniotic membrane grafting for treating limbal ischemia in acute chemical injury.

Synopsis:
The video demonstrates the technique of restoration of limbal vascularization by performing Tenon advancement with amniotic membrane grafting and its outcome.

Highlights:
Ocular surface painting with fluorescein dye is essential to assess the areas of surface involvement. Merely instilling the fluorescein dye in the cul-de-sac will underestimate the extent of the damage. Tenon advancement should ideally be planned between 7 and 10 days following an injury when actual limbal blanching is obvious. A stable and epithelized ocular surface is the desirable outcome irrespective of the epithelial phenotype.

Video Link:

https://youtu.be/06XhwLKnsIA.

Key words: Acute chemical injury, amniotic membrane grafting, tenon advancement
Posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone injection in the treatment of postoperative cystoid macular edema secondary to pars plana vitrectomy
Authors: Erdogan Gurkan , Gumus Gulsah , Gunay Betul Onal , Ozkaya Abdullah 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone (PSTA) in chronic postoperative cystoid macular edema (PCME) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods:
Consecutive 22 patients who developed chronic PCME after PPV and underwent PSTA treatment were included in this retrospective study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured pre injection and post injection at one month, three months, six months, and at last visit. The patients were divided into three groups according to the injection response status: complete, partial, and resistant.

Results:
The mean follow-up period was 26.4 ± 16.2 months after PSTA. According to pre-injection values, there was a significant improvement in the values of BCVA and CMT at the first, third, and sixth months and at the last examination (P < 0.05). In the final examination, PCME recovered completely in 12 patients, partially in 8 patients, and resistance was observed in 2 patients.

Conclusion:
Posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone seems to be effective in chronic PCME following PPV.
Comparative study of conventional internal limiting membrane peeling versus temporal inverted internal limiting membrane flap for large macular hole treatment
Authors: Koçak Nurullah , Yeter Volkan , Birinci Hakkı 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To compare the anatomical, morphological, and functional outcomes of the conventional internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling versus temporal inverted ILM flap technique for large full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs).

Methods:
Sixty eyes of 60 patients with a minimum base diameter >600 mm were included in this retrospective interventional study. Patients were divided into conventional ILM peeling (Group 1) and temporal inverted ILM flap (Group 2) groups. The hole closure rate, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ellipsoid zone (EZ), and external limiting membrane (ELM) defects were analyzed at baseline and 6 months after surgery.

Results:
Hole closure was achieved in 24/32 (75.0%) cases of Group 1 and 27/28 (96.4%) cases of Group 2 (P = 0.029). The mean BCVA (logMAR) changed from 1.23 ± 0.47 to 0.70 ± 0.29 logMAR in Group 1 and from 1.03 ± 0.36 to 0.49 ± 0.24 logMAR in Group 2 at 6 months (P < 0.001 in both cases). U-shaped closure was observed in 5 (15.6%) eyes in Group 1 and 19 (67.9%) eyes in Group 2 (P < 0.001). The total restoration rates of ELM and EZ were significantly higher in the temporal inverted ILM flap group (P = 0.002, P = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:
The study results suggested that the FTMH closure rate, recovery of the outer retinal layers, and, consequently, the post-operative BCVA were better with the temporal inverted ILM flap technique than with the conventional ILM peeling for larger than 600 mm macular holes.
Prevalence, pattern, and compliance with spectacles use among the elderly in homes for the aged in South India: The Hyderabad Ocular Morbidity in Elderly Study (HOMES)
Authors: Marmamula Srinivas , Bhoopalan Dharani , Kumbham Thirupathi R , Yelagondula Vijay Kumar , Keeffe Jill 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
This study was conducted to report on the pattern of spectacles use and compliance among the elderly (aged ≥60 years) in homes for the aged in Hyderabad region in Telangana State, India.

Methods:
Participants were recruited from 41 homes for the aged centres for comprehensive eye health assessments. A questionnaire was used to collect information on current and past use of spectacles, type of spectacles, spectacles provider and amount paid for the spectacles. For those that reported using spectacles in the past, information was collected on the reasons for their discontinuation. Compliance with spectacles use was assessed after eight months of provision of the spectacles.

Results:
A total of 1182/1513 participants were examined from 41 homes for the aged in Hyderabad, India. The mean age of the participants examined was 75 years (standard deviation (SD): 8.8 years; range: 60–108 years); 764 (64.6%) of them were women and 240 participants (20.3%) had no formal education. The prevalence of spectacles use was 69.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.1–72.4; n = 825). Bifocals were the most commonly used type of spectacles (86.7%) followed by single vision glasses for distance vision (7.4%). Private eye clinics were the largest service provider (85.5%) followed by local optical outlets (6.9%) and other service providers (7.7%). The prevalence of spectacles compliance was 81.5% (211/259).

Conclusion:
Use of spectacles and compliance are high among the elderly living in residential care homes in the Hyderabad region. Spectacles use can be further improved by periodic eye assessments along the lines similar to school eye programs, which can immensely benefit this vulnerable, aged population.
Monitoring Weil–Felix test in epidemic retinitis
Authors: Kawali Ankush , Sanjay Srinivasan , Mahendradas Padmamalini , Shetty Bhujang 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:The objective was to study the positivity of the Weil–Felix test (WFT) in epidemic retinitis (ER) during the course of the disease.Methods:This is a retrospective, observational case series of patients diagnosed with ER and presented to a tertiary eye care hospital in south India. Patients with positive WFT at the presentation, and who underwent a follow-up WFT during or after the resolution of ER were studied from September 2019 to March 2022. Patient’s demographics, timings of clinical presentation and resolution, and investigation details with a special focus on WFT positivity and its duration were noted.Results:Sixteen patients were studied. Patients presented after 5 weeks of the fever (range: 2-12 weeks, median: 4). After 1-2 months, WFT was still positive in eight patients (50%). Only in one patient titers increased after 1 month, while in others, the titers decreased (n= 11) or remained the same (n= 4). Repeated tests in those patients (n= 6) after 3-4 months turned negative. Resolution of ER was seen at 1.35 months (range: 1-3 months) after the presentation. The mean duration for WFT to turn negative was 2 months from the presentation (range: 1-4 months) or 3.2 months of the fever (range: 1.5-6 months).Conclusion:In contrast to the reported physician’s observation of increasing titers of WFT after rickettsial fever, ophthalmologists may observe decreasing WFT titers in ER. The clinical resolution of ER may precede the normalization of WFT. Follow-up WFT titers should be studied in larger series in confirmed cases of rickettsial-ER to validate the affordable and readily available WFT in India.
Erythropoietin as a treatment option for indirect traumatic optic neuropathy: A pilot study
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Kowsalya Akkayasamy , Narayanamoorthy Jayasri , Kumarasamy Dhivya , Chitradevi  , Balakrishnan Harinikrishna , Chaudhary Sameer 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous erythropoietin (EPO) in patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON), assess the side effects, and compare the visual function results among three groups of patients who had received different treatment options – EPO, steroids, and observation.

Methods:
Patients with indirect TON presenting to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic from August 2019 to March 2020, were assigned to three groups, with six patients in each group. In group 1, patients were recruited prospectively and received recombinant human erythropoietin, whereas, in groups 2 and 3, patients were recruited retrospectively and received intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral steroids and multivitamins, respectively. Groups 1 and 2 included patients presenting within 2 weeks of trauma, whereas group 3 included those presenting beyond that. Best-corrected visual acuity, pupillary reaction, color vision, and visual fields following treatment were measured.

Results:
Initial visual acuity in the EPO group ranged from 20/80 to no perception of light (No PL). The mean initial BCVA (1.82 logMAR, standard deviation [SD] = 0.847) improved to 1.32, SD = 0.93 logMAR after treatment recorded at the third month (P = 0.0375), with no significant adverse effects. The initial BCVA of group 2 ranged from 20/120 to No PL. The mean initial BCVA (1.95, SD = 0.77 logMAR) improved to 1.45 logMAR, SD = 0.97 after treatment (P = 0.0435) but three patients had side effects of steroids. Initial visual acuity in Group 3 ranged from 20/40 to no PL. The mean initial BCVA (1.09 logMAR, SD = 1.10) worsened to 1.19 logMAR, SD = 1.06 after treatment after treatment (P = 0.0193). The improvement in BCVA when compared between the three groups was not significant.

Conclusion:
Both erythropoietin and steroids are effective in the management of traumatic optic neuropathy. However, erythropoietin shows lesser or no side effects when compared to steroids.
A Survey on the Practice of Enhanced Recovery After Elective Colorectal Surgery in Western Australia
Authors: Ng Zi Qin , Theophilus Mary 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a 24-item multidisciplinary questionnaire program designed to optimize the patient's perioperative care to reduce postoperative morbidity. However, its adoption remains largely influenced by region and the institution and surgeons' personal judgement.

Objectives:
This study aims to evaluate the practice of ERAS in elective colorectal surgery in Western Australia through a survey.

Design:
Prospective survey.

Setting:
The survey was sent to all surgeons identified to be performing routine elective colorectal surgery in Western Australia.

Patients and Methods:
A questionnaire was designed based on the latest ERAS guidelines, consisting of questions on the demographics of the surgeons, annual number of major colorectal resections, and on various aspects of pre-, intra- and postoperative practices. The questionnaire was sent through email or handed to the surgeons in August 2020 for a period of 2 months.

Sample Size:
Twenty-four eligible surgeons participated in the survey.

Main Outcome Measures:
The main outcome was to investigate the areas of agreement and difference in ERAS practice in elective colorectal surgery in Western Australia.

Results:
Twenty of the 24 eligible surgeons (83.3%) completed the questionnaire. Among these, 65% surgeons perform >50 major colorectal resections annually. There is a high agreement of the practice in certain areas: 70% surgeons perform >50% of their cases laparoscopically; they do not routinely use nasogastric tubes, majority of the surgeons do not routinely place drains after right (95%) and left (70%) colonic surgeries, 75% surgeons are guided by the Acute Pain Service for postoperative analgesia, and 95% surgeons encourage early mobilization. A few areas of practice remain widely variable: preoperative mechanical bowel preparation, postoperative fluids and electrolytes, and assessment of gut function.

Conclusion:
This survey provides a snapshot of the practice of ERAS in elective colorectal surgery in Western Australia. While certain aspects are considered as universal practice, there are some gaps and barriers to implementation that need to explored further.

Limitations:
The survey did not classify questions into open or laparoscopic surgery, and some surgeons worked both in public and private institutions, where practices may differ.
Contextual Mission Construction according to the Jubata Concept in the Kanayatn Dayak Tribe in Introducing the Triune God
Authors: Ceria Ceria , Zega Yunardi Kristian , Widjaja Fransiskus Irwan , Tanhidy Jamin 
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this research is to describe the contextual mission construction using the concept of Jubata to introducing the concept of the Trinity in a biblical view to Dayak Tanayatn people This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to identify how the Kanayatn Dayak understand the Jubata figure. The results show that through the adaptative method and using the seven Jubata names in the Kanayatn Dayak language to understanding the concept of the Triune God in biblical view and change the understanding of the survivors' sacrifices to be understood as worldly salvation, not eternal in nature through the image of Jubata (which is equated with the spirit of the ancestors) but is directed to one of God's persons in the Trinity of God the Son (Jesus Christ) as the Savior of mankind. Thus, the contextual mission construction of the Jubata concept in the introduction of the Gospel of the Triune God can be a reference material for carrying out outreach missions to remote tribes and building contextual mission studies that are culturally appropriate to spread the Gospel among the Kanayatn Dayak tribe in Landak, West Kalimantan.