bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of building code enforcement and urban expansion on future earthquake loss in East Africa: case study—Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Giordano Nicola , De Risi Raffaele , Macdonald John , Goda Katsuichiro , Kafodya Innocent , Ngoma Ignasio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRapid and uncontrolled urbanisation in many parts of Africa is a significant driver of earthquake risk. New constructions are usually built with no compliance with seismic codes, which results in a critical increase in the vulnerability of the building stock. To quantitatively assess the potential consequences of unregulated urbanisation, this study investigates the effect of building code enforcement and urban expansion on the future earthquake loss in the city of Blantyre, Malawi. The analysis, performed within a probabilistic loss assessment framework, estimates the net present value of 30-year aggregated seismic loss for different urban expansion rates and code enforcement scenarios. The results show that high urbanisation rates and lack of building regulations could lead to a threefold increase in average seismic losses in the next thirty years. On the contrary, effective code enforcement could cap the seismic loss increase at 13%, highlighting the financial gain from effective disaster risk reduction programmes.
Effect of lanthanum doping on the structure and optical properties of nanocrystalline vanadium pentoxide films prepared by sol–gel method
Authors: Abdelrazek M. M. , Hannora Ahmed E. , Kamel Rasha M. , Morad Ibrahim , El-Desoky M. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe structural and optical properties of lanthanum oxide doped nanocrystalline vanadium pentoxide films with the chemical composition xLa2O3-(1-x)V2O5.nH2O (where x = 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mol%) prepared by sol–gel method were studied. The XRD analysis also revealed that the (002) line is noticeable in the pure film and gets sharper by the addition of Lanthanum, which indicates a layer of intercalation between the vanadium layers. The average crystallite size decreased with increasing Lanthanum content from 4.45 nm to 3.57 nm. By using double-beam UV–VIS spectrophotometers, the optical properties were studied by measuring the absorption, reflectance and transmittance of the prepared films. Some optical parameters like absorption coefficient α, dispersion energy parameters, refractive index n, optical band gap Eop for various transition mechanisms, real parts and imaginary part of the dielectric constants and effective mass were calculated. The absorption coefficient slightly increases with increasing La content, which can be attributed to the increasing of lattice distortion as a result of crystallite size increasing as indicated in the XRD. The transition mechanism was found to be indirect allowed type with optical band gap Eop increasing relative to the La content. By assuming hydrogen like model, the carrier’s contents N were deduced. The absorption spectrum behavior in visible and UV region suggests a promising solution for solar cells and optical-electronic applications.
Shielding effectiveness performance of polyaniline-NiFe2O4:Cu composites for sub-8 GHz applications
Authors: Şahin Ethem İlhan , Emek Mehriban , Ibrahim Jamal Eldin F. M. , Yumuşak Görkem , Kartal Mesut 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHerein, NiFe2O4 doped Cu was synthesized using a mixed-oxide method to investigate its potential for creating composites with high microwave shielding effectiveness. The compound NiFe2−xCuxO4 was synthesized with x values of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. After sintering at 1250 °C for 4 h, single-phase Ni ferrite was formed. To analyze the phase composition and the structure of the synthesized compound, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were employed. The study's findings showed that NiFe2−xCuxO4 did not exhibit a second phase. To create composites with high microwave shielding effectiveness, polyaniline-NiFe2O4:Cu composites were fabricated using a hot-pressing technique, with compositions of NiFe1.9Cu0.1O3.95, NiFe1.7Cu0.3O3.85 and NiFe1.5Cu0.5O3.75 with the aniline, The weight ratios of Cu-added nickel ferrite and aniline were changed from 1:1 to 1:3, and epoxy resin was used. Using a two-port vector network analyzer, the polyaniline-NiFe2O4:Cu composites’ microwave shielding effectiveness performance was examined in the range between 0 and 8 GHz. The study found that the shielding effect of the composites could be easily modified by changing the amount of polyaniline present in the specimens for the appropriate frequency bands. At 6.82 GHz, using a sample with a thickness of 2.0 mm, a minimum shielding effect performance of − 29.74 dB was achieved. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the potential of polyaniline-NiFe2O4:Cu composites as effective microwave shielding materials.
Economics of field size and shape for autonomous crop machines
Authors: Al-Amin A. K. M. Abdullah , Lowenberg‑DeBoer James , Franklin Kit , Behrendt Karl 
Published: April 2023

AbstractField size and shape constrain spatial and temporal management of agriculture with implications for farm profitability, field biodiversity and environmental performance. Large, conventional equipment struggles to farm small, irregularly shaped fields efficiently. The study hypothesized that autonomous crop machines would make it possible to farm small, non-rectangular fields profitably, thereby preserving field biodiversity and other environmental benefits. Using the experience of the Hands Free Hectare (HFH) demonstration project, this study developed algorithms to estimate field times (h/ha) and field efficiency (%) subject to field size and shape in grain-oil-seed farms of the United Kingdom using four different equipment sets. Results show that field size and shape had a substantial impact on technical and economic performance of all equipment sets, but autonomous machines were able to farm small 1 ha rectangular and non-rectangular fields profitably. Small fields with equipment of all sizes and types required more time, but for HFH equipment sets field size and shape had least impact. Solutions of HFH linear programming model show that autonomous machines decreased wheat production cost by €15/ton to €29/ton and €24/ton to €46/ton for small rectangular and non-rectangular fields respectively, but larger 112 kW and 221 kW equipment with human operators was not profitable for small fields. Sensitivity testing shows that the farms using autonomous machines adapted easily and profitably to scenarios with increasing wage rates and reduced labour availability, whilst farms with conventional equipment struggled. Technical and economic feasibility in small fields imply that autonomous machines could facilitate biodiversity and improve environmental performance.
A robotic system for solo surgery in flexible ureteroscopy: development and evaluation with clinical users
Authors: Schlenk Christopher , Hagmann Katharina , Steidle Florian , Oliva Maza Laura , Kolb Alexander , Hellings-Kuß Anja , Schöb Dominik Stefan , Klodmann Julian , Miernik Arkadiusz , Albu-Schäffer Alin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The robotic system CoFlex for kidney stone removal via flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) by a single surgeon (solo surgery, abbreviated SSU) is introduced. It combines a versatile robotic arm and a commercially available ureteroscope to enable gravity compensation and safety functions like virtual walls. The haptic feedback from the operation site is comparable to manual fURS, as the surgeon actuates all ureteroscope DoF manually.

Methods
The system hardware and software as well as the design of an exploratory user study on the simulator model with non-medical participants and urology surgeons are described. For each user study task both objective measurements (e.g., completion time) and subjective user ratings of workload (using the NASA-TLX) and usability (using the System Usability Scale SUS) were obtained.

Results
CoFlex enabled SSU in fURS. The implemented setup procedure resulted in an average added setup time of 341.7 ± 71.6 s, a NASA-TLX value of 25.2 ± 13.3 and a SUS value of 82.9 ± 14.4. The ratio of inspected kidney calyces remained similar for robotic (93.68 %) and manual endoscope guidance (94.74 %), but the NASA-TLX values were higher (58.1 ± 16.0 vs. 48.9 ± 20.1) and the SUS values lower (51.5 ± 19.9 vs. 63.6 ± 15.3) in the robotic scenario. SSU in the fURS procedure increased the overall operation time from 1173.5 ± 355.7 s to 2131.0 ± 338.0 s, but reduced the number of required surgeons from two to one.

Conclusions
The evaluation of CoFlex in a user study covering a complete fURS intervention confirmed the technical feasibility of the concept and its potential to reduce surgeon working time. Future development steps will enhance the system ergonomics, minimize the users’ physical load while interacting with the robot and exploit the logged data from the user study to optimize the current fURS workflow.
Composite likelihood methods for parsimonious model-based clustering of mixed-type data
Authors: Ranalli Monia , Rocci Roberto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose twelve parsimonious models for clustering mixed-type (ordinal and continuous) data. The dependence among the different types of variables is modeled by assuming that ordinal and continuous data follow a multivariate finite mixture of Gaussians, where the ordinal variables are a discretization of some continuous variates of the mixture. The general class of parsimonious models is based on a factor decomposition of the component-specific covariance matrices. Parameter estimation is carried out using a EM-type algorithm based on composite likelihood. The proposal is evaluated through a simulation study and an application to real data.
A paper-based colourimetric sensor for sodium sulfite detection in beverages
Authors: Devarajan Surya , Sha Mizaj Shabil , Geetha Mithra , Alahmad Johaina Khalid , Shaikh Mohammed Shoaib Taufeeq , Muthusamy Suresh , Kushwah Kamal Kumar , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSulfite is a common food additive that prevents oxidation from damaging food nutrients, and it has long been used in the food industry as a bleaching agent. It can harm the human body if taken wrongly or excessively. In this study, three dyes (cresol red, chlorophenol red, and bromocresol green) were explored to analyze the presence of sodium sulfite (SS) in an inexpensive, disposable paper sensor with a lower visible detection limit of 0.05 M. This visual paper sensor detects sodium sulfite with high selectivity and sensitivity at room temperature. An IoT-based sensor was also developed to practically apply the developed method, which is rapid and low-cost and can replace heavy-duty instruments. Both these sensors can substantially impact scenarios such as food quality monitoring and detecting sodium sulfite in medicinal items.
Graphical Abstract
Salvage endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy as a bridge to definitive surgical therapy for duodenal adenocarcinoma presenting with duodenal stent obstruction
Authors: Yu Tiffany Z. , Agnihotri Abishek , Zheng Richard , Bashir Babar , Nasher Nayeem , Yeo Charles J. , Nevler Avinoam , Lavu Harish , Bowne Wilbur B. , Kumar Anand 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe utilization of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS-GJ) in the setting of an obstructed (ingrown) duodenal stent as a bridge to pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains undescribed. Herein, we report a case study of a 51-year-old patient who underwent EUS-GJ using lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS) for an obstructed duodenal stent during neoadjuvant treatment for duodenal adenocarcinoma. The patient ultimately underwent surgical resection by a classic PD 14 weeks after LAMS placement. EUS-GJ using LAMS represents a potential option as a salvage bridge to surgery for duodenal obstruction in the setting of an obstructed duodenal stent.
A case of advanced hypopharyngeal cervical esophageal cancer treated by curative resection with management of tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Ohno Shinya , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Sato Yuta , Endo Masahide , Asai Ryuichi , Fukada Masahiro , Yasufuku Itaru , Okumura Naoki , Takahashi Takao , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdvanced esophageal cancer with tracheal invasion is fatal due to airway narrowing and the possibility of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) formation during the treatment process. If a TEF develops, palliative care is often chosen. It is very rare that curative treatment is performed including with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or surgery in such cases. A 71-year-old man presented with dysphagia. He was diagnosed as having hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancer with severe airway stenosis (cT4b [main bronchus, thyroid] N3 M0 cStage IIIC), and we initially created a tracheostomy. Second, we chose induction chemotherapy to avoid fistula formation by CRT, but after one course of chemotherapy, he developed a TEF due to remarkable tumor shrinkage. We strictly managed both his airway and nutrition by continuous suctioning over the cuff of the tracheal cannula and prohibiting swallowing of saliva and enteral nutrition via nasogastric tube. After three courses of chemotherapy were administered, we performed pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient remains alive and recurrence free at 9 years postoperatively. In cases of upper TEF caused by advanced hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancer, radical treatment may be possible by effective induction chemotherapy combined with strict airway and nutritional management after prior tracheostomy.
Functional brain changes in sarcopenia: evidence for differential central neural mechanisms in dynapenic older women
Authors: Trost Wiebke , Hars Mélany , Fernandez Natalia , Herrmann François , Chevalley Thierry , Ferrari Serge , Gold Gabriel , Rizzoli René , Vuilleumier Patrik , Trombetti Andrea 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) recently revised its definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, placing muscle strength at the forefront. The pathogenesis of dynapenia (or low muscle strength) is still not fully understood, but there is emerging evidence that central neural factors constitute critical determinants.

Methods
Our cross-sectional study included 59 community-dwelling older women (mean age 73.1 ± 4.9 years). Participants underwent detailed skeletal muscle assessments for muscle strength defined by handgrip strength and chair rise time measurements using the recently published EWGSOP2 cut-off points. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was assessed during the performance of a cognitive dual-task paradigm, consisting of a baseline, two single-tasks (motor and arithmetic) and one dual-task (motor and arithmetic combined).

Results
Forty-seven percent (28/59) of participants were classified as dynapenic. fMRI results revealed a differential recruitment of motor circuits in the brain during the dual-task condition in dynapenic as compared with non-dynapenic participants. In particular, while the brain activity during the single-tasks did not differ between the two groups, only during the dual-task non-dynapenic participants showed significant increased activation in dorsolateral prefrontal and premotor cortex, and in supplementary motor area as compared to dynapenic participants.

Conclusion
Our results point to a dysfunctional involvement of brain networks associated with motor control in dynapenia in a multi-tasking paradigm. A better knowledge of the link between dynapenia and brain functions could provide new impulses in the diagnosis and interventions for sarcopenia.
A systematic review on the performance of fracture risk assessment tools: FRAX, DeFRA, FRA-HS
Authors: Adami G. , Biffi A. , Porcu G. , Ronco R. , Alvaro R. , Bogini R. , Caputi A. P. , Cianferotti L. , Frediani B. , Gatti D. , Gonnelli S. , Iolascon G. , Lenzi A. , Leone S. , Migliaccio S. , Nicoletti T. , Paoletta M. , Pennini A. , Piccirilli E. , Tarantino U. , Brandi M. L. , Corrao G. , Rossini M. , Michieli R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Preventing fragility fractures by treating osteoporosis may reduce disability and mortality worldwide. Algorithms combining clinical risk factors with bone mineral density have been developed to better estimate fracture risk and possible treatment thresholds. This systematic review supported panel members of the Italian Fragility Fracture Guidelines in recommending the use of best-performant tool. The clinical performance of the three most used fracture risk assessment tools (DeFRA, FRAX, and FRA-HS) was assessed in at-risk patients.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched till December 2020 for studies investigating risk assessment tools for predicting major osteoporotic or hip fractures in patients with osteoporosis or fragility fractures. Sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), and areas under the curve (AUCs) were evaluated for all tools at different thresholds. Quality assessment was performed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2; certainty of evidence (CoE) was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Results
Forty-three articles were considered (40, 1, and 2 for FRAX, FRA-HS, and DeFRA, respectively), with the CoE ranging from very low to high quality. A reduction of Sn and increase of Sp for major osteoporotic fractures were observed among women and the entire population with cut-off augmentation. No significant differences were found on comparing FRAX to DeFRA in women (AUC 59–88% vs. 74%) and diabetics (AUC 73% vs. 89%). FRAX demonstrated non-significantly better discriminatory power than FRA-HS among men.

Conclusion
The task force formulated appropriate recommendations on the use of any fracture risk assessment tools in patients with or at risk of fragility fractures, since no statistically significant differences emerged across different prediction tools.
Chronic kidney disease and severe mental illness: a scoping review
Authors: Carswell Claire , Cogley Clodagh , Bramham Kate , Chilcot Joseph , Noble Helen , Siddiqi Najma 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
People who have severe mental illness experience higher rates of long-term conditions and die on average 15–20 years earlier than people who do not have severe mental illness, a phenomenon known as the mortality gap. Long-term conditions, such as diabetes, impact health outcomes for people who have severe mental illness, however there is limited recognition of the relationship between chronic kidney disease and severe mental illness. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to explore the available evidence on the relationship between chronic kidney disease and severe mental illness.

Methods
Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched. The database searches were limited to articles published between January 2000–January 2022, due to significant progress that has been made in the detection, diagnosis and treatment of both SMI and CKD. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they explored the relationship between SMI and CKD (Stages 1–5) in terms of prevalence, risk factors, clinical outcomes, and access to treatment and services. Severe mental illness was defined as conditions that can present with psychosis, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and other psychotic disorders. Thirty articles were included in the review.

Results
The included studies illustrated that there is an increased risk of chronic kidney disease amongst people who have severe mental illness, compared to those who do not. However, people who have severe mental illness and chronic kidney disease are less likely to receive specialist nephrology care, are less likely to be evaluated for a transplant, and have higher rates of mortality.

Conclusion
In conclusion, there is a dearth of literature in this area, but the available literature suggests there are significant health inequalities in kidney care amongst people who have severe mental illness. Further research is needed to understand the factors that contribute to this relationship, and to develop strategies to improve both clinical outcomes and access to kidney care.

Graphical abstract
Reciprocity with stochastic loss
Authors: Chan Nathan W. , Wolk Leonard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce stochastic loss into a gift exchange game to study how information on intentions affects reciprocity. In one treatment, the respondent observes the amount received and whether a loss occurred, so both the consequential outcome and the sender’s original intention are known. In the other two treatments, information about whether a loss occurred is hidden, and the respondent is only informed of the amount received (outcome) or the amount initially sent (intention). Using both regression-based approaches and non-parametric tests, we find greater reciprocity in the two treatments that reveal intentions. These differences arise even in a simple one-shot setting without reputational benefits and are economically meaningful; they are similar in magnitude to the difference attributable to a full point reduction in the amount received. Our findings show the impact of the information environment on reciprocity in settings with uncertainty and suggest that transparency is important to reciprocity.
Relationship between sarcopenia and orthostatic blood pressure recovery in older falls clinic attendees
Authors: Duggan Eoin , Knight Silvin P. , Romero-Ortuno Roman 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Sarcopenia and delayed orthostatic blood pressure (BP) recovery are two disorders increasingly associated with adverse clinical outcomes in older adults. There may exist a pathophysiological link between the two via the skeletal muscle pump of the lower limbs. Previously in a large population-based study, we found an association between probable sarcopenia and orthostatic BP recovery. Here, we sought to determine the association between confirmed sarcopenia and orthostatic BP recovery in falls clinic attendees aged 50 years or over.

Methods
One hundred and nine recruited patients (mean age 70 years, 58% women) underwent an active stand with non-invasive beat-to-beat haemodynamic monitoring. Hand grip strength and five-chair stands time were measured, and bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed. They were then classified as robust, probable sarcopenic or sarcopenic as per the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People guidelines. Mixed effects models with linear splines were used to model the effect of sarcopenia status on orthostatic BP recovery, whilst controlling for potential confounders.

Results
Probable sarcopenia was identified in 32% of the sample and sarcopenia in 15%. Both probable and confirmed sarcopenia were independently associated with an attenuated rate of recovery of both systolic and diastolic BP in the 10–20 s period after standing. Attenuation was larger for confirmed than probable sarcopenia (systolic BP β − 0.85 and − 0.59, respectively, P < 0.01; diastolic BP β − 0.65, − 0.45, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Sarcopenia was independently associated with slower BP recovery during the early post-stand period. The potentially modifiable effect of the skeletal muscle pump in orthostatic haemodynamics requires further study.