bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Ink Writing of Enzyme‐Containing Liquid Crystal Elastomers as Versatile Biomolecular‐Responsive Actuators
Authors: Velasco Abadia Albert , Bauman Grant E. , White Timothy J. , Schwartz Daniel K. , Kaar Joel L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe combination of enzymes and chemically responsive smart materials presents considerable opportunities in anti‐fouling, sensing or medicine. Among stimuli‐responsive polymers, liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have emerged as a leading actuator platform due to their inherent programmability, realizing large shape transformations upon exposure to stimuli. Herein, three different hydrolytic enzymes are immobilized into acid‐responsive LCEs, which impart the LCEs with sensitivity to three distinctive classes of biomolecules: lipids, carbohydrates, and peptides. Dye‐doped biocatalytic LCEs readily switch their color and shape upon exposure to the appropriate substrate. Twisted nematic patterning and direct ink writing are used to showcase the versatility of shape changes the enzyme‐containing LCEs may undergo. Multiplexed responsiveness is also demonstrated using a connected array of 3D printed disks, each containing a different enzyme, highlighting the excellent chemical selectivity of the LCEs. This work presents a novel platform of versatile bioresponsive color‐switchable actuators that may have application in a wide range of fields.
Atomistic Understanding of the Coherent Interface Between Lead Iodide Perovskite and Lead Iodide
Authors: Rothmann Mathias Uller , Lohmann Kilian B. , Borchert Juliane , Johnston Michael B. , McKenna Keith P. , Herz Laura M. , Nellist Peter D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskite semiconductors have shown great performance in solar cells, and including an excess of lead iodide (PbI2) in the thin films, either as mesoscopic particles or embedded domains, often leads to improved solar cell performance. Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscope micrographs of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite films reveal the FAPbI3:PbI2 interface to be remarkably coherent. It is demonstrated that such interface coherence is achieved by the PbI2 deviating from its common 2H hexagonal phase to form a trigonal 3R polytype through minor shifts in the stacking of the weakly van‐der‐Waals‐bonded layers containing the near‐octahedral units. The exact crystallographic interfacial relationship and lattice misfit are revealed. It is further shown that this 3R polytype of PbI2 has similar X‐ray diffraction (XRD) peaks to that of the perovskite, making XRD‐based quantification of the presence of PbI2 unreliable. Density functional theory demonstrates that this interface does not introduce additional electronic states in the bandgap, making it electronically benign. These findings explain why a slight PbI2 excess during perovskite film growth can help template perovskite crystal growth and passivate interfacial defects, improving solar cell performance.
A Novel 3D‐Printed/Porous Conduit with Tunable Properties to Enhance Nerve Regeneration Over the Limiting Gap Length
Authors: Redolfi‐Riva Eugenio , Pérez‐Izquierdo Míriam , Zinno Ciro , Contreras Estefania , Rodríguez‐Meana Bruno , Iberite Federica , Ricotti Leonardo , Micera Silvestro , Navarro Xavier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEngineered grafts constitute an alternative to autologous transplant for repairing severe peripheral nerve injuries. However, current clinically available solutions have substantial limitations and are not suited for the repair of long nerve defects. A novel design of nerve conduit is presented here, which consists of a chitosan porous matrix embedding a 3D‐printed poly‐ε‐caprolactone mesh. These materials are selected due to their high biocompatibility, safe degradability, and ability to support the nerve regeneration process. The proposed design allows high control over geometrical features, pores morphology, compression resistance, and bending stiffness, yielding tunable and easy‐to‐manipulate grafts. The conduits are tested in chronic animal experiments, aiming to repair a 15‐mm long gap in the sciatic nerve of rats, and the results are compared with an autograft. Electrophysiological and nociception tests performed monthly during a 4‐month follow‐up show that these conduits allow a good degree of muscle functional recovery. Histological analyses show abundant cellularization in the wall and in the lumen of the conduits and regenerated axons within all rats treated with these grafts. It is suggested that the proposed conduits have the potential to repair nerves over the limiting gap length and can be proposed as strategy to overcome the limitations of autograft.
Multicolor Mechanoluminescence in Sr2Ga2GeO7: Pr3+ for Stress Sensing and Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Xiao Binli , Xiong Puxian , Wu Sheng , Jiang Dongliang , Chen Kang , Xiao Yao , Shao Peishan , Wang Yinzhen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMechanical luminescence (ML) is the conversion of mechanical energy into light energy when a material is subjected to a force. It is challenging to develop ML materials with tunable luminescent properties by single ion doping, which have broad application prospects in the fields of stress sensing and dynamic signature anticounterfeiting. In this study, a Pr3+ doped Sr2Ga2GeO7 tunable ML material is reported. Due to the traps resulting from unequal substitution of Pr3+–Sr2+ in [SrO6] heptahedra, the deep/shallow traps redistribution occurs towards a multicolor ML from red to green. In addition, even after continuous friction sliding force (15 N), the ML intensities can be recovered after ultraviolet pre‐irradiation, indicating that Sr2Ga2GeO7: Pr3+ has excellent ML emission stability. Based on thermoluminescence analysis, potential PersL and ML mechanisms are further elaborated by a lattice engineering (trap regulation) strategy. In all, the development of single‐ion doped multicolor ML materials may have crucial research value and show a variety of potential applications in the fields of anticounterfeiting and information encryption.
Origin of the Unusual High Optical Nonlinearities Observed in Glassy Chalcogenides
Authors: Dory Jean‐Baptiste , Ibnoussina Meryem , Raty Jean‐Yves , Jager Jean‐Baptiste , Verdy Anthonin , Coillet Aurélien , Colman Pierre , Albanese Anthony , Tomelleri Martina , Cluzel Benoit , Noé Pierre 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNonlinear photonics integrated at the chip scale opens the path to new applications in an increasing number of fields such as all‐optical computing, high bit rate communications on chip, or embedded sensing with frequency combs and super‐continuum sources. All these applications require materials having the best trade‐off between optical losses, Kerr refractive index, and compatibility with current nanofabrication facilities. Although optimizing the nanofabrication process can minimize linear optical losses to some extent, optimizing the Kerr index of the materials remains challenging because a clear understanding of the link between atomic structure and optical nonlinearities is still missing. This is precisely what this work addresses for chalcogenide glasses based on thin films of Ge‐Sb‐Se alloys, a promising class of materials fully compatible with large‐scale integration technology from the microelectronics industry. By coupling nonlinear Kerr index metrology with ab initio molecular dynamics calculations of amorphous models, this work unveils the unique molecular patterns in these alloys that are responsible for their unusual nonlinear polarizability. This provides for the first time valuable rules for the design of new optical materials with improved Kerr index enabling miniaturization and implementation of future nonlinear photonic devices that can then operate at significantly lower power.
The Pyrrolidine‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reactions of Azlactones,N,O‐Acetals and Alcohols: One‐Pot Synthesis of α,β‐Diamino Esters
Authors: Hu Haipeng , Wu Xin , Wang Beining , Zhao Liuying , Wang Junyu , Jiang Zhiyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA pyrrolidine‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of azlactone,N,O‐acetal and alcohol for the synthesis of α,β‐diamino ester was reported. TheN,O‐acetal served as the imine equivalent to occur Mannich reaction with azlactone, and the in situ generated α‐functionalized azlactone subsequently underwent a ring‐opening process in the presence of alcohol. A series of α,β‐diamino esters were obtained in 36–99% yields under mild reaction conditions. The product could be synthesized on gram‐scale and transformed into the α,β‐diamino acid.
Halogenation/Cyanation vs. Cyanation/Halogenation of Alkenes Using ICN and BrCN
Authors: Furusawa Ikumi , Suzuki Takumi , Yu Yan , Arai Takayoshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn a tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3]‐catalyzed reaction of alkenes with cyanogen halides (XCN), BrCN proceeds in a cyanation/bromination manner, in which a cationic CN character is realized. The reaction using ICN switched the mode to iodination/cyanation for enamide substrates and electron‐enriched styrenes. The origin of the iodination/cyanation is the B(C6F5)3‐enhanced σ‐hole generated on ICN.
Sustainable Laser‐Induced Graphene Electrochemical Sensors from Natural Cork for Sensitive Tyrosine Detection
Authors: Vaughan Eoghan , Santillo Chiara , Setti Michele , Larrigy Cathal , Quinn Aidan J. , Gentile Gennaro , Lavorgna Marino , Iacopino Daniela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCork laser induced graphene (cork‐LIG) electrochemical sensors are fabricated by direct laser writing of natural cork sheets. Laser writing is performed with a hobbyist visible laser. The obtained cork‐LIG structures display graphene‐like Raman signatures, high conductivity, and fast electron‐transfer rates. After a 10 min electrochemical pretreatment, electrodes are used for detection of Tyrosine (Tyr) in the presence of uric acid, dopamine, ascorbic acid, urea, and glucose. linear detection of tyrosine is achieved in the 5–150 µm range with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.03 µm. Calibration of dopamine detection is achieved with a LOD of 1.1 µm. Finally, the cork‐LIG electrochemical sensors show linear response of Tyr in artificial sweat in the relevant physiological range of 5–250 μm (sensitivity, 1.8×10−2 A m−1). The LOD is calculated as 3.75 μm. These results open the door to the exploitation of renewable materials such as cork for the development of high‐quality, green sensors for the monitoring of health and wellbeing parameters.
High‐Performance Colorful Organic Photovoltaics with Microcavity Resonance Color Filter
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhong Ziping , Li Yibin , Li Zhong'an , Zhou Jie , Zhu Rihong , Yu Jiangsheng , Li Gang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMicrocavity resonance is an effective technique for making promising semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) even more aesthetically attractive with high color saturation, by tailoring the visible transmittance spectrum to narrow the transmission peak. In this study, a distinctive microcavity resonance color filter (CF) structure of silver/ bismuth(III) fluoride /silver (Ag/BiF3/Ag) is integrated upon the rear transparent electrode, which simultaneously achieves high color purity and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) for colorful OPVs. By precisely regulating the thickness of the BiF3 layer, colorful OPVs with a wide color gamut and high color purity are achieved, including the colors of indigo, blue, bluish‐green, green, orange, and red, as well as compound color devices with dual or multiple transmission peaks in the visible region. A recorded PCE of 16.27% is obtained for the indigo OPV, with the Commission Internationale de l´Eclairage 1931 coordinates of (0.164 and 0.087) and a maximum transmittance of 18.7% at the transmission peak wavelength of 393 nm. Furthermore, colorful OPVs as color reflectors are systematically investigated under different light incident surfaces. The improved stability of colorful OPVs is attributed to the excellent moisture resistance of BiF3. The colorful OPVs with desired transmitted/reflected colors, and wide color gamut show great potential for future energy harvesting solutions.
Investigating oil solubilization into nonionic micelles by Raman multivariate curve resolution
Authors: Wentworth Ciera M. , Myers Ryan L. , Cremer Paul S. , Zarzar Lauren D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHydrophobic hydration, whereby water spontaneously structures around hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules, plays a key role in the process of surfactant micelle formation and micellar oil solubilization. Using vibrational Raman multivariate curve resolution spectroscopy, we characterized changes in the hydrophobic hydration occurring within nonionic alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactant Tergitol NP‐12 micelles as a function of oil solubilization. We report trends in the changes of hydrophobic hydration depending on the chain length of the oil as well as the presence of a halogen atom in the oil chemical structure. Changes in hydrophobic hydration directly correlate to changes in the physical properties of the micellar solution, including cloud point and micelle hydrodynamic diameter. We compare hydrophobic hydration of Tergitol NP‐12 to nonionic linear alkyl ethoxylate surfactant Makon TD‐12 and ionic sodium dodecyl sulfate and observe similar trends; the molecular structure of the oil has the largest impact on the hydrophobic hydration. We believe these studies contribute to a fundamental understanding of the importance of hydrophobic hydration in surfactant and oil aggregates, especially as it relates to micellar oil solubilization, and provide insight into how the molecular solubilizate can impact micellar structure, size, and stability.
Self‐reported respiratory health symptoms and respiratory protection behaviors of young adult hog producers in the United States
Authors: Gibbs Jenna L. , Sheridan Carolyn , Sullivan David , Rautiainen Risto , Nonnenmann Matthew W. , Wyatt Todd A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroduction and MethodsIn this study, we evaluated self‐reported respiratory symptoms during agricultural work, respiratory protection use and experience, and perceived value of receiving respirators using Gear Up for Ag Health and Safety Program™ pre‐ and post‐surveys from 703 to 212 young adult hog producers in the United States. To our knowledge, this is one of the most extensive survey data sets on self‐reported respiratory symptoms and respiratory protection behaviors of collegiate‐aged young adults working in US livestock production.ResultsAbout one‐third (37%) of young adult hog producers stated that they have experienced cough, shortness of breath, fever, and chills after working in dusty areas on the farm. Most (76.2%) stated that they were already “always” or “sometimes” wearing filtering facepiece (N95‐style) respirators, even before participating in an outreach program. About one‐third (30%) reported experience wearing a cartridge‐style respirator but only 5% reported having been fit‐tested for a respirator. Young adult male producers were significantly more likely to report use of both respirator types when compared to females, both before and after the program. Male producers were also more likely than females to engage in high‐risk farm tasks where respirators are recommended, such as cleaning out grain bins and mixing or grinding feed. Following an educational program, males and females reported using the respirators that they received at similar rates, and 20% of overall participants purchased additional respiratory protection.DiscussionThe study found that young adult hog producers in postsecondary education are already wearing respirators with some frequency and at rates higher than previously reported by agricultural workers. More research is needed to make effective task‐based respirator‐use recommendations and investigate some significant gender differences among young adult hog producers observed in this study.
Long‐term treatment outcomes in refractory rhinitis medicamentosa managed with nasal surgery
Authors: Li William , Misra Shibalik , Harvey Richard John , Kalish Larry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundLimited treatment options exist for refractory Rhinitis Medicamentosa (RM). The role of surgery after failed medical management is not well defined. Mucosal contact points and restricted airflow often perpetuate decongestant use. This study assessed the long‐term outcomes of nasal surgery in patients with refractory RM.MethodsA prospective cohort study of refractory RM treated with nasal surgery was performed with ≥12 months follow‐up. Refractory RM was defined as nasal decongestant use once per day continuously for ≥4 weeks despite medical therapy. Patients with concomitant sinus disease and nonrhinitis conditions were excluded. Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT22), Nasal Symptom Score (NSS), and nasal medication use were assessed. Patients who ceased decongestants were compared with ongoing users.ResultsA total of 56 patients (age 48.4 [5.0] years, 50% female) were assessed. Median follow‐up was 3.4(1.6–6.2) years. Total cessation of decongestants was achieved in 91.1%, while 5.4% had intermittent use, and 3.6% reported daily use. Ongoing users had higher odds of concomitant asthma (40.0% vs. 3.9%; odds ratio [OR], 16.33 [1.7–159.75]; p = 0.036), reduced symptom improvement (ΔSNOT22, ‐4.6 [15.7] vs. 27.1 [17], p = 0.009 and ΔNSS, ‐1.0 [4.2] vs. ‐6.6 [5.1], p = 0.025), and greater ongoing use of nasal corticosteroid (60.0% vs. 5.9%; OR 24.0 [2.8–203.1]) and saline sprays (40% vs. 3.9%; OR 16.3 [1.7–159.8]) but showed no difference in allergy status (OR, 0.7[0.1–7.1]), previous surgery (OR, 1.0[0.1–10.2]), gastroesophageal reflux (OR 1.0[0.1–10.2], or underlying anxiety/depression (OR 6.1[0.8–45.9]) compared with those who ceased.ConclusionSurgically re‐establishing a nasal airway was associated with long‐term decongestant cessation and symptom improvement in medically refractory RM.
Associations of reproductive factors and exogenous estrogens with global and domain‐specific cognition in later life
Authors: Lee Jillian K. , Frank Ryan D. , Christenson Luke R. , Fields Julie A. , Rocca Walter A. , Mielke Michelle M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFew studies have comprehensively examined the impact of reproductive factors (i.e., reproductive window, parity, hormonal contraception [HC], and menopausal hormone therapy [MHT]) on global and domain‐specific cognition in later life.METHODSWe studied a population‐based sample of 2458 women (median age 74.2 years) residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota; participants underwent a clinical evaluation and comprehensive cognitive testing.RESULTSThe length of a woman's reproductive window was not associated with cognition. Higher parity was associated with greater cognitive decline in all domains. Ever HC use was associated with less decline in all domains. Ever MHT use was associated with greater decline in global cognition and all domain‐specific z‐scores except visuospatial; results were driven by women who initiated MHT 5 or more years after menopause. Additional adjustments for APOE and vascular‐related covariates did not attenuate the results.DISCUSSIONMultiple reproductive risk factors are associated with cognitive decline in later life.Highlights
The length of a woman's reproductive window was not associated with cognition longitudinally.
Greater parity was associated with greater cognitive decline longitudinally.
Ever HC use was associated with less decline in global cognition and all domain‐specific z‐scores longitudinally (all p < 0.01).
Ever MHT use was associated with greater decline in global cognition and all domain‐specific z‐scores except visuospatial longitudinally (all p < 0.01).
The greatest cognitive decline was among women who initiated MHT more than 5 years after menopause.
Reforming the Uniformity of Solid Electrolyte Interphase by Nanoscale Structure Regulation for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Qian‐Kui , Sun Shu‐Yu , Zhou Ming‐Yue , Hou Li‐Peng , Liang Jia‐Lin , Yang Shi‐Jie , Li Bo‐Quan , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe stability of high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries depends on the uniformity of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium metal anodes. Rationally improving SEI uniformity is hindered by poorly understanding the effect of structure and components of SEI on its uniformity. Herein, a bilayer structure of SEI formed by isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) additives in localized high‐concentration electrolytes was demonstrated to improve SEI uniformity. In the bilayer SEI, LiNxOy generated by ISDN occupies top layer and LiF dominates bottom layer next to anode. The uniformity of lithium deposition is remarkably improved with the bilayer SEI, mitigating the consumption rate of active lithium and electrolytes. The cycle life of lithium metal batteries with bilayer SEI is three times as that with common anion‐derived SEI under practical conditions. A prototype lithium metal pouch cell of 430 Wh kg−1 undergoes 173 cycles. This work demonstrates the effect of a reasonable structure of SEI on reforming SEI uniformity.
Preparation of modified polylactic acid fiber containing anti‐hydrolysis agents
Authors: Yang Hee Jin , Kim Young Kwang , Son Jung A , Choi Ik Sung , Lim Sang Kyoo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is a promising alternative to petroleum‐based polymers due to its biodegradability. However, its low mechanical properties in the presence of moisture are a challenge for textile applications. In this study, we investigated the effects of two anti‐hydrolysis agents, an epoxy‐based agent (ADR) and an aromatic carbodiimide‐based agent (ZIKA), on the mechanical properties and hydrolysis resistance of PLA fibers. A melt‐spinning process was used to prepare anti‐hydrolysis fibers by adding 0.3 and 0.5 wt% of ADR and ZIKA to PLA. The topology of ADR/PLA and ZIKA/PLA was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Analysis of the compound chip revealed that ADR formed a branched chain in PLA, while ZIKA produced a linear molecular structure. The hydrolysis resistance of the fibers was evaluated by analyzing their crystallinity, hydrothermal shrinkage behavior, morphology, and tensile strength. ZIKA/PLA fibers showed higher orientation and crystallinity than ADR/PLA fibers. After hydrolysis, the tensile strength of ADR 0.5%/PLA fibers decreased by 31%, while that of ZIKA 0.5%/PLA fibers decreased by only 5% due to the linear molecular structure of ZIKA/PLA. Our findings indicate that ZIKA is more effective than ADR in producing hydrolysis‐resistant PLA fibers with high crystallinity, orientation, and mechanical durability.