bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, psychosocial factors, work productivity, and work ability among Garment factory workers in Myanmar
Authors:   , Oo Tun 
Published: September 2023

Background - Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) are the most common occupational problem worldwide. The magnitude of WRMSD is worsened by the physical and psychological factors in different occupations. The global burden of WRMSD comprises the second most common cause of disability; most frequent back pain, measured by Years lived with disability (YLDs) worldwide. Workability also plays a crucial role that links with productivity and WRMSD. Musculoskeletal disorders are also one of the most common causes of YLDS in the working-age group (20-54Years) take in more than 45% of the proportion. Sewing machine operators are one of the common occupational sectors that may encounter a high prevalence of MSDs. For the quality of life of workers and national productivity, we should understand the occupational hazards and their preventive approach in this working sector. Indeed, there is very little research on the occurrence of WRMSDs related to psychosocial, work productivity, and workability among the Myanmar sewing machine operators. This study aims to find the associations among working ability, productivity status, psychosocial factors, and percentage of work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders of sewing machine operators in the garment factory.

Methodology – This is a cross-sectional study that contains personal factors questionnaire, standard questionnaires, and data is collected by self-administered type which was conducted from September to October 2021. 370 Participants were selected from Shwepaukkan Industrial Zone, Myanmar. A multistage sampling method was used and eligible participants were invited to this study. University Ethical Approved was also obtained.

Result - The study enrolled 370 sewing operators who are more than 40 years of age. The prevalence of WRMSD in at least one part of the body was reported around 90 percent of the study population. The study found a significant association between WRMSD and age, education. As regards psychosocial risk, and most of the reported cases are low psychological job demand, high job control, and high social support. In addition, sewing operators responded that their job has high physical demand. There is no significant reported absenteeism and 35% presenteeism rate within one week. The moderate workability rate is about 66.5 % followed by poor workability with 18.4%. The logistic regression model showed that gender (AOR=0.130; 95%CI 0.020-0.969), job stress (AOR=8.257; 95%CI 1.465-46.550), physical demand (AOR=4.702; 95%CI 1.172-18.862) and productivity (AOR=5.893; 95%CI 1.393-24.920) are a significant predictor of WRMSD. This findings can be helped to guide the development of the working situations of sewing operators in a garment factory and also help in developing regulations for the well-being of workers in occupational health sectors
Taiwan as a norm entrepreneur : advocating people-centred values in Southeast Asia
Authors:   , Chou Ssu-yu 
Published: September 2023

This research looks at the relations between Taiwan and Southeast Asia under President Tsai Ing-wen's first term (2016-2020) as her administration launched the people-centred New Southbound policy by analysing Taiwan's political discourse and interviewing shareholders in the policy projects. It argues that Taiwan acts as a norm entrepreneur framing its initiative and persuading targeted countries to join hands in development matters for people's well-being in the region. In turn, the people-centred rebranding is expected to justify and normalise cooperation at non- and semi-governmental levels with Taiwan without violating the one-China policy since the policy mainly aims to forge socio-economic partnerships. However, the interview data showed that the policy contributes to Taiwan's positive image, visibility and presence in the region but still faces limitations in spilling over the cooperative relations to the governmental level, confirming China's dominance in Southeast Asia. Given this situation, this research further suggests that the Tsai administration needs to recalibrate the New Southbound policy's people-centred agendas, making Taiwan more relevant in the region.
Roles of BALB/c mice and Aedes mosquitoes in the transmission of duck Tembusu virus
Authors:   , Yurayart Nichapat 
Published: September 2023

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is an emerging flavivirus that causes severe nervous and systemic diseases in avian hosts. The virus has been classified into three clusters, and the predominant cluster in Thailand is cluster 2.1. The pathogenesis of the virus has been extensively studied in avian hosts but not in mammalian hosts. Therefore, the first objective of this dissertation was to investigate the viral pathogenesis in mammalian hosts. Six-week-old BALB/c mice were intracerebrally and subcutaneously inoculated with Thai DTMUV to examine clinical signs, pathological change, viral load, and virus distribution. Results demonstrated that Thai DTMUV caused an acute severe disease, and it was a cause of death in BALB/c mice inoculated by the intracerebral route. Infected mice showed both systemic and neurological symptoms. Pathological changes and virus distribution were observed in all tested organs. Viral load in the brain was significantly higher than in other organs (p<0.05). However, virus shedding was not recorded in saliva and feces. The findings suggested that Thai DTMUV has the potential to cause the threatening disease in mammalian hosts. In addition, one of the virus transmission routes is mosquito bites, but the interaction between Thai DTMUV and Aedes (Ae.) mosquito, which is a mammalian host preferred-mosquito, is lacking. Thus, the second objective was to examine the vector competence of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes for Thai DTMUV. Results indicated that both Aedes mosquito species could serve as vectors for Thai DTMUV with minimum viral titer in a blood meal of 106 TCID50/mL. When Aedes mosquitoes received more viral titer (107 TCID50/mL), their competence significantly increased (p<0.05). In contrast, both Aedes species did not support the development of the isolated Thai DTMUV viruses from BALB/c mice because their titer was less than 106 TCID50/mL. The third objective was to investigate the viral genomes that were isolated from BALB/c mice, Ae. aegypti, and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes compared with the original virus. A point mutation of nucleotide and the amino acid was found in all isolated DTMUV from Ae. aegypti saliva, while other viruses were similar to the positive virus. In summary, our results provide important information about Thai DTMUV in mammalian hosts, mosquito vectors, and virus genome that were useful for preventing and controlling the disease in both avian and mammalian hosts.
Study of aerotolerant Campylobacter Jejuni in broiler production process
Authors:   , Jarusirivait Nichanan 
Published: September 2023

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Although they are microaerophile and sensitive to oxygen, aerotolerant C. jejuni has been reported in many countries. Currently, limited information on aerotolerant C. jejuni in Thailand has been reported. Therefore, the objectives of this study were 1) to examine the occurrence of aerotolerant C. jejuni in farms, slaughterhouses and retail markets and compare the level of aerotolerant strain between different sample types at the farm (i.e., cloacal swabs VS manures) and slaughterhouse level (i.e., cecal contents VS carcass rinses) and 2) to identify common genotypes of aerotolerant and aerosensitive C. jejuni strains in each poultry production stage. A total of 275 C. jejuni strains isolated from cloacal swabs, manures, cecal contents, carcass rinses and raw chicken products were tested for aerotolerance by aerobic shaking at 150 rpm under aerobic condition at 42°C for 24 hours. Representatives of C. jejuni isolates were primarily genotyped by flaA SVR sequencing technique and further subtyped by MLST. The highest number of aerotolerant C. jejuni isolates were found at the slaughterhouse stage (56.0%), followed by the retail market stage (51.0%) and the farm stage (41.3%). The level of aerotolerant C. jejuni strain between different sample types at the farm and slaughterhouse level were not significantly different. Hyper-aerotolerant strain was not detected in this study as no bacterial strains survived 24 h of aerobic shaking. The longest viability of C. jejuni strains under aerobic culture was 18 h with the viable counts of 2.59 log CFU/ml, 3.53 log CFU/ml and 3.06 log CFU/ml at the farms, slaughterhouses and retail markets, respectively. Forty-one flaA SVR allele types and 17 sequence types (STs) were identified among aerotolerant and aerosensitive C. jejuni strains. The predominant allele types in aerosensitive and aerotolerant strains was flaA SVR allele number 142 and 783, respectively. Mostly, genetic similarity was found in isolates from farms and slaughterhouses. For MLST, the results revealed that the most frequently detected ST in aerosensitive strains was ST-460, while ST-1232 was predominant in aerotolerant strains. The main clonal complexes (CCs) observed in this study were CC- 353, followed by CC-45. Most of
the STs (e.g., ST-1075 and 1232) found in this study were previously identified in chickens and gastroenteritis patients in Thailand, which highlight the significance of broilers as one of the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis. Our findings suggested that the reduction of Campylobacter contamination in the final products by implementation of good hygienic practices and strict biosecurity in poultry production steps is essential and would help decrease the transmission of Campylobacter to human, which eventually reduce the number of foodborne campylobacteriosis cases.
Knowledge, attitude and practice associated with brucellosis in occupational
risk groups in China
Authors:   , Xu Quangang 
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to analyze the situation of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of sheep and goat farmers and community animal health staff towards the prevention and control of brucellosis. A total of 1,067 sheep and goat farmers and 401 community animal health staff from seven provinces in China were participated in this study from 2017 to 2018. Two structured questionnaire were used to examine demographic characteristics and KAP related to brucellosis. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic characteristics and KAP. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the potential risk factors associated with KAP among participants. The overall awareness of brucellosis prevention and control of the farmers and animal health staff was 64.2% and 80.1%, respectively. Approximately, 17.2% of the farmers and 12.2% of the animal health staff had never heard of brucellosis. Farmers (75.8%) and animal health staff (83.8%) had positive attitude to brucellosis prevention and control, but the good attitude did not correspond to proper practices. Only half of the farmers had good practice. The farmers, who resided in northern areas had age less than 45 years, education higher than junior high school, experienced of livestock farming less than 5 years and their sheep or goat ever infected with brucellosis, had higher KAP scores than others (p < 0.05). Animal health staffs, who had lower education, had lower KAP scores than those had higher education (p < 0.01). This study addressed that the previous prevention and control of brucellosis was unsatisfactory. Most of participants obtained information of brucellosis from experts and traditional publicity materials leading to low precision and low efficiency. Our results highlighted the need for the development of suitable educational materials to ensure herders were aware of the disease and ways to minimize its impact on their livestock and their families. Appropriate and accessibility of publicity knowledge could help to improve KAP for f prevention and control of brucellosis.
Synthesis of zinc sulfide nanoparticles using microemulsion generated by hydrodynamic cavitation method
Authors:   , Choojan Nachapa 
Published: September 2023

Zinc Sulfite (ZnS) nanoparticles have attracted attention of researchers as a promising material for semiconductor fabrication. Their optical properties are strongly size-dependent and related to production methodology. A microemulsion technique is simple and requires less energy to produce ZnS nanoparticles. However, this technique usually results in ZnS with a wide size distribution. In this work, microemulsion technique and hydrodynamic cavitation have been effectively combined for synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles with controllable and uniform size distribution. The microemulsion system which consists of water, cyclohexane, hexanol and Triton X-100 surfactant has been prepared by incorporating hydrodynamic cavitation. Experimental results number of passages, cavitation number (Cv) and water to surfactant molar ratio (W0) exert significant effects on rheological properties and size distribution of microemulsion. Increasing number of passages from 300 to 1,500 passages could decrease average size of microemulsion due to higher breakage frequency, as number of passes represents energy dissipation in the system. Higher Cv led to reduction in microemulsion size, which was derived from high intensity turbulence, as confirmed by CFD modeling. Investigation on role of W0 on density, viscosity and surface tension of microemulsions revealed that all properties significantly increased with higher water content. Moreover, average size also increased and size distribution of microemulsion became broader. Difference in microemulsion size would be achieved by adjusting Cv and W0, resulting in growth of ZnS nanoparticles with different size inside reverse micelles. Based on HRTEM analyses, the obtained ZnS nanoparticles exhibited spheroidal morphology and the smallest average size could be achieved at Cv of 1.8 and W0 of 7. XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation of ZnS with cubic crystalline configuration. In summary, microemulsion method enhanced by hydrodynamic cavitation exhibits its potential in synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles with controllable size and narrow size distribution, which could be promising material in many applications.
In vitro inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria and their supernatants on flavobacterium columnare biofilm
Authors:   , Imtiyaz Farras 
Published: September 2023

Flavobacterium columnare is an opportunistic bacterium causing columnaris disease to more than 37 fish species. It is believed that the bacteria form biofilm on the fish skin/surfaces before the bacteria in the biofilm produce and release enzymes that degrade connective and other tissues resulting in lesions on the infected fish. Treatments to inhibit the bacterial biofilm without interfering with its planktonic cell growth can be an alternative method to control columnaris disease. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from white leg shrimp gut (Penaeus vannamei) and the root of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) in biofilm inhibition and modulation of biofilm-associated genes of F. columnare. Cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of five different LAB isolates were first screened for their abilities to inhibit biofilm formation and growth in broth cultures of three highly pathogenic F. columnare isolates; 15, CUVET1359, and CUVET1365. Then, optimal culture conditions that resulted in the LAB cells and CFSs with the most potent F. columnare biofilm inhibiting activities were determined for two LAB isolates (WS2021 and SC1) with the most potent F. columnare biofilm inhibiting activities. The two LAB isolates were cultured for 48 h, at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h timepoints, aliquots of each culture were collected, and their cells and CFSs were separated and tested for their abilities to inhibit the biofilm and growth of F. columnare isolate 15. The results showed that cells and CFSs from 48 h incubating timepoints inhibited F. columnare biofilm strongly. To determine if LAB cells and CFSs treatment affect or modulate the expression of seven biofilm-associated genes in F. columnare, a quantitative real-time PCR method was used. After co-incubation at three different time points (24, 48, and 72 h) with either the CFSs or cells of WS2021 and SC1 obtained from 48 h, iron acquisition, type IX secretion system (T9SS), and quorum sensing (luxR) genes in F. columnare biofilm was predominantly downregulated, especially at 48 h and 72 h co-incubation. Based on 16S rDNA sequence, WS2021 and SC1 isolates were identified as Enterococcus gallinarum and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, respectively. In summary, both CFSs or cells of these two bacteria isolates possess F. columnare biofilm inhibiting activity which could be due to the downregulation of iron acquisition (alcB, rhbC, and tonB), T9SS (porV, gldL, and sprA), and luxR genes.
Anti-inflammatory efficacy of New Zealand green-lipped mussel extract in canine chronic stifle osteoarthritis monitoring by thermographic imaging
Authors:   , Vilaisuntornkiat Supakit 
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory effect of the NZGLM and placebo in patients with cranial cruciate ligament disease using thermographic imaging. This study evaluated the temperature from thermographic imaging to measure the reduce of inflammation. This study included 52 dogs with cranial cruciate disease and medial patellar luxation. All dogs were divided into 2 group that was group A and group B. The temperature at day 0 were 99.60 °F in group A and 99.07 °F in group B. The temperature at 4th week were 97.09 °F in group A and 99.02 °F in group B. The result revealed that NZGLM group can reduce the temperature of the stifle joint. In conclusion, based on temperature of the NZGLM group and placebo group in this study, The temperature of the stifle joint in this study by using thermographic imaging method can show the different of the NZGLM group.
Development of rotating tube reactor for biodiesel production from palm oil
Authors:   , Chanthon Narita 
Published: September 2023

Rotating tube reactor (RTR), one of process intensification technologies, could highly increase the mixing performance and generate sufficient heat for biodiesel production. This research explored the optimum condition, essential characteristics of hydrodynamic regime and residence time distribution inside the rotating tube reactor (RTR) to enhance the biodiesel production rate using alkali-catalyzed transesterification. The operating condition of this RTR was 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, total flowrate of 30 mL/min and rotational speed of 1,000 rpm at room temperature, giving the highest biodiesel yield of 97.5% with yield efficiency of 3.75 × 10-3 g/J and the quality of biodiesel achieving the ASTM specification. Two dimensionless numbers, including rotating Reynolds number (Rer) and Taylor number (Ta), as well as torque, were used to determine the hydrodynamic regime in this RTR which can be related to biodiesel yield. This indicates that the modulated wavy vortex flow (MWVF) is required to promote biodiesel yield in the RTR. Whereas the increment values of Rer, Ta and torque associated with the turbulent Taylor vortex flow regime produced more extra heat to enhance methanol vaporization rate, leading to reduced biodiesel yield. The residence time distribution (RTD) of RTR was also found in the nonideal flow pattern. The peak of RTD, mean residence time and dispersion number could reveal turbulent mixing degree in the RTR. High turbulent mixing obviously appears at a higher flowrate and higher rotational speed. However, at excessive flowrate, the role of axial mixing was more significant than that of the radial mixing, resulting in the reduction of turbulent flow. Moreover, the RTR combined with a solar-bicycle generator system was developed to demonstrate the possible use of alternative energy for economical and sustainable production of biodiesel.
การคำนวณการรั่วไหลของสารประกอบซีเซียมในบ่อเก็บเชื้อเพลิงใช้แล้วของโรงไฟฟ้านิวเคลียร์ฟุกุชิมะไดอิจิหน่วยที่สี่ด้วยโปรแกรม modified aRT mod 2
Authors:   , กฤตสิน ชัยวิวัฒน์ 
Published: September 2023

ในอุบัติเหตุร้ายแรงของโรงไฟฟ้าฟุกุชิมะไดอิจิที่ประเทศญี่ปุ่นในปี ค.ศ. 2011 อุบัติเหตุในบ่อเก็บเชื้อเพลิงใช้แล้วของโรงไฟฟ้าฟุกุชิมะไดอิจิหน่วยที่สี่ที่กักเก็บแท่งเชื้อเพลิงจำนวนมาก เป็นประเด็นสำคัญที่ผู้เชี่ยวชาญและนักวิจัยด้านความปลอดภัยทางนิวเคลียร์เล็งเห็นถึงความสำคัญของอุบัติเหตุร้ายแรงในบ่อเก็บเชื้อเพลิงใช้แล้ว ที่อาจส่งผลกระทบร้ายแรงเทียบเท่าหรือมากกว่าอุบัติเหตุร้ายแรงทางนิวเคลียร์จากการหลอมเหลวแท่งเชื้อเพลิงในเครื่องปฏิกรณ์นิวเคลียร์ สำหรับประเทศไทยงานวิจัยเกี่ยวกับอุบัติเหตุร้ายแรงของโรงไฟฟ้านิวเคลียร์ได้ถูกศึกษาและพัฒนาเพื่อส่งเสริมและสนับสนุนวางแผนการจัดการอุบัติเหตุทางนิวเคลียร์ และการวางแผนการรับมือผลกระทบทางนิวเคลียร์ จากโรงไฟฟ้านิวเคลียร์ที่อยู่ใกล้เคียงกับประเทศไทยและประเทศในภูมิภาคอาเซียน ดังนั้นความเข้าใจการดำเนินไปของอุบัติเหตุในบ่อเก็บเชื้อเพลิงใช้แล้วของโรงไฟฟ้าฟุกุชิมะไดอิจิ จึงเป็นอีกหนึ่งประเด็นวิจัยที่มีความจำเป็นต้องมีการศึกษาเพื่อนำข้อมูลไปใช้ในการวางแผนการรับมือผลกระทบทางนิวเคลียร์ที่อาจเกิดขึ้นได้ในอนาคต งานวิจัยนี้ศึกษาการเกิดอุบัติเหตุในกรณีสูญเสียอุปกรณ์ในการหล่อเย็นในบ่อเก็บเชื้อเพลิงของโรงไฟฟ้าฟุกุชิมะไดอิจิหน่วยที่สี่ โดยเริ่มจากกการประเมินความร้อนจากการสลายตัวของเชื้อเพลิงนิวเคลียร์โดยใช้แบบจำลองทางคณิตศาสตร์และสมการที่เกี่ยวข้องเมื่อเกิดอุบัติเหตุขึ้น เพื่อใช้ในการคำนวณอุณหภูมิของน้ำหล่อเย็นที่จะเพิ่มขึ้น และเวลาที่ใช้ในการทำให้น้ำหล่อเย็นในบ่อเก็บเชื้อเพลิงเกิดการเดือดและระเหย ตามลำดับ จากการคำนวณพบว่า ระดับน้ำหล่อเย็นจะลดลงจนถึงบริเวณส่วนบนของปลอกหุ้มเชื้อเพลิง เป็นเวลาประมาณ 14 วัน และส่วนล่างของปลอกหุ้มเชื้อเพลิง และ 30 วันตามลำดับ อุณหภูมิของปลอกหุ้มเชื้อเพลิงจะเพิ่มขึ้นจนถึง 1100 องศาเคลวิน ภายในเวลา 17 วัน โดยในระยะเวลาดังกล่าวคาดว่าทำให้เชื้อเพลิงนิวเคลียร์เกิดการบวมและแตกออกจากปฏิกิริยาออกซิเดชัน ตามลำดับ ส่งผลให้สารกัมมันตรังสีรั่วไหลออกไปสู่สิ่งแวดล้อม จากนั้นจึงใช้โปรแกรม Modified ART Mod 2 ในการจำลองการรั่วไหลของซีเซียมไอโดไดด์ในรูปแบบของแก๊สและซีเซียมไฮดรอกไซด์ในรูปแบบของแอโรซอลในขณะที่เกิดปฏิกิริยาออกซิเดชัน ซึ่งพบว่าซีเซียมไอโดด์ในรูปแบบของแก๊สและซีเซียมไฮดรอกไซด์ในรูปแบบของแอโรซอลสามารถรั่วไหลออกไปสู่สิ่งแวดล้อมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ
แบบจำลองทางเลือกเชิงพื้นที่สำหรับการตั้งศูนย์พักพิงชั่วคราวด้วยระบบสารสนเทศภูมิศาสตร์ กรณีศึกษา พื้นที่น้ำท่วมซ้ำซากประจำ จังหวัดสุโขทัย
Authors:   , วรากุลภิญโญ ณรัช 
Published: September 2023

อุทกภัยเป็นภัยธรรมชาติประเภทหนึ่งที่เกิดขึ้นบ่อยที่สุดซึ่งเกิดจากฝนตกหนัก หิมะละลายอย่างรวดเร็ว คลื่นพายุจากพายุไซโคลนเขตร้อนหรือสึนามิในพื้นที่ชายฝั่งทะเล ซึ่งส่งผลให้เกิดการสูญเสียต่อชีวิตและทรัพย์สิน และคาดว่าความถี่และความรุนแรงของน้ำท่วมจะเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่อง เนื่องจากการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางสภาพภูมิอากาศ ประเทศไทยมักเกิดภัยพิบัตินี้อยู่เสมอ ซึ่งจังหวัดสุโขทัยเป็นอีกหนึ่งที่ต้องเผชิญกับปรากฏการณ์นี้ซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่า แม้ว่าจะมีแผนการป้องกันและบรรเทาสาธารณภัย พ.ศ. 2563 แต่พื้นที่อพยพบางส่วนยังคงอยู่ในพื้นที่น้ำท่วมซ้ำซาก

วัตถุประสงค์ในศึกษาจึงทำการหาที่ตั้งศูนย์พักพิงชั่วคราวเพื่ออพยพประชาชนในพื้นที่และผู้ประสบภัยที่ต้องการสถานพยาบาล และหาเส้นทางที่เหมาะสมและสะดวกแก่ประชาชนในการอพยพจากหมู่บ้านไปยังศูนย์พักพิงชั่วคราวและไปยังโรงพยาบาล การศึกษานี้ใช้ระบบสารสนเทศภูมิศาสตร์และฟังก์ชันโซเวอร์ในไมโครซอฟต์ เอกซ์เซล เพื่อระบุตำแหน่งที่ตั้งศูนย์พักพิงชั่วคราว จากผลการวิจัยพบว่าในพื้นที่ที่ทำการศึกษามีหมู่บ้านจำนวน 41 หมู่บ้านที่อยู่ในพื้นที่น้ำท่วมซ้ำซากประจำ แล้วสถานที่ตั้งโรงเรียนเป็นศูนย์พักพิงชั่วคราว โดยแบ่งการคำนวณออกเป็นร้อยละ 50 60 70 80 90 และ 100 ของประชากร ผลที่ได้จากการจำลองสถานการณ์ คือ จำนวนศูนย์พักพิงชั่วคราวสามารถรองรับผู้อพยพได้เพียงพอและมีระยะทางเฉลี่ยจากศูนย์พักพิงชั่วคราวไปยังโรงพยาบาลสั้นกว่าแผนการป้องกันและบรรเทาสาธารณภัย แต่ระยะทางเฉลี่ยรวมมากขึ้น