bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of scale development and its regeneration potency in the desert killifish under laboratory conditions
Authors: Motamedi Mina , Teimori Azad , Esmaeili Mohammad Reza , Mostafavi Hossein 
Published: December 2022

AbstractScale development and its regeneration potency were evaluated in a desert killifish Aphaniops hormuzensis (family Aphaniidae) in laboratory conditions by using light and scanning electron microscopy. Scale development in A. hormuzensis took 156 days at room temperature. Four specific regions of scale formation were detected. The first scale development began 13 days post‐hatching (dph) (total length [TL] = 8.5 mm) at the caudal peduncle region and is extended anteriorly 26 dph (TL = 13.6 mm) at the area below the dorsal fin. Scales began forming independently in the head region at 33 dph (TL = 21.7 mm), and in the abdominal region, began at 41 dph (TL = 25.8 mm). Additional points of scale origin were detected on the sides of the operculum or behind and below the eyes. Scale regeneration in the caudal peduncle started 6 days after removal (dar). In 16 dar, the microstructural features appeared and the growth circles, a wide and oblong focus (focus length = 0.6 ± 0.05 µm), and lepidonts were also formed. In 36 dar, the scale shape was gradually changed from circular to a polygon, and radii were distinguishable in the anterior field. The pattern of scale formation could be useful in enhancing the understanding of systematics and phylogeny, functional morphology, and habitat use. It could also be useful in helping to define the Larval/juvenile transition period.
UK media reporting of NICE recommendation of crizanlizumab for patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Buka Richard J , Roy Noémi , Nicolson Phillip LR 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCrizanlizumab was recommended for use in patients with sickle cell disease in the UK in October 2021 and received widespread media coverage. Accuracy of reporting is paramount in building trust with this group of patients who are often wary of the medical profession. We carried out an analysis of internet‐based news articles and applied a validated scoring system to assess quality. 21 articles from 19 media organisations were identified. 71% of articles stated unproven benefits of the drug and only 14% were of satisfactory quality. The former was largely due to quoting of two NHS England press releases. Overstating of drug efficacy may be detrimental to the need to address healthcare inequalities.
Contraception use and HIV outcomes among women initiating dolutegravir‐containing antiretroviral therapy in Kenya: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Humphrey John M. , Omodi Victor , Bernard Caitlin , Maina Mercy , Thorne Julie , Mwangi Ann , Wools‐Kaloustian Kara , Patel Rena C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe rollout of dolutegravir (DTG) in low‐ and middle‐income countries was disrupted by a potential association reported with periconceptional DTG exposure among women living with HIV (WLHIV) and infant neural tube defects. This prompted countries to issue interim guidance limiting DTG use among women of reproductive potential to those on effective contraception. Data to understand the potential impact of such guidance on WLHIV are limited.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of WLHIV 15–49 years initiating DTG‐containing antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Kenya from 2017 to 2020. We determined baseline effective (oral, injectable or lactational amenorrhea) and very effective (implant, intrauterine device or female sterilization) contraception use among women who initiated DTG before (Group 1) or during (Group 2) the interim guideline period. We defined incident contraception use in each group as the number of contraceptive methods initiated ≤180 days post‐guideline (Group 1) or post‐DTG initiation (Group 2). We determined the proportions of all women who switched from DTG‐ to non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐ (efavirenz or nevirapine) containing ART ≤12 months post‐DTG initiation, compared their viral suppression (<1000 copies/ml) and conducted multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with switching from DTG to NNRTI‐containing ART.ResultsAmong 5155 WLHIV in the analysis (median age 43 years), 89% initiated DTG after transitioning from an NNRTI. Baseline effective and very effective contraception use, respectively, by the group were: Group 1 (12% and 13%) and Group 2 (41% and 35%). Incident contraception use in each group was <5%. Overall, 498 (10%) women switched from DTG to an NNRTI. Viral suppression among those remaining on DTG versus switched to NNRTI was 95% and 96%, respectively (p = 0.63). In multivariable analysis, incident effective and very effective contraception use was not associated with switching.ConclusionsBaseline, but not incident, effective contraception use was higher during the interim guideline period compared to before it, suggesting women already using effective contraception were preferentially selected to initiate DTG after the guideline was released. These findings reveal challenges in the implementation of policy which ties antiretroviral access to contraceptive use. Future guidance should capture nuances of contraception decision‐making and support women's agency to make informed decisions.
CLEC5A expression can be triggered by spike glycoprotein and may be a potential target for COVID‐19 therapy
Authors: Machado Thiago L. , Santos Alanna C. , Azamor Tamiris , da Silva Andrea M. V. , Pimenta Vanessa R. , Tubarão Luciana N. , da Silva Alexandre dos Santos , Flores Rodrigues Daniela Del Rosário , Müller Rodrigo , Pinto Marcelo A. , Villar Livia M. , Bom Ana P. A. , Melgaço Juliana G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe immune response is crucial for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) progression, with the participation of proinflammatory cells and cytokines, inducing lung injury and loss of respiratory function. CLEC5A expression on monocytes can be triggered by viral and bacterial infections, leading to poor outcomes. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is able to induce neutrophil activation by CLEC5A and Toll‐like receptor 2, leading to an aggressive inflammatory cascade, but little is known about the molecular interactions between CLEC5A and SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins. Here, we aimed to explore how CLEC5A expression could be affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection using immunological tools with in vitro, in vivo, and in silico assays. The findings revealed that high levels of CLEC5A expression were found in monocytes from severe COVID‐19 patients in comparison with mild COVID‐19 and unexposed subjects, but not in vaccinated subjects who developed mild COVID‐19. In hamsters, we detected CLEC5A gene expression during 3–15 days of Omicron strain viral challenge. Our results also showed that CLEC5A can interact with SARS‐CoV‐2, promoting inflammatory cytokine production, probably through an interaction with the receptor‐binding domain in the N‐acetylglucosamine binding site (NAG‐601). The high expression of CLEC5A and high levels of proinflammatory cytokine production were reduced in vitro by a human CLEC5A monoclonal antibody. Finally, CLEC5A was triggered by spike glycoprotein, suggesting its involvement in COVID‐19 progression; therapy with a monoclonal antibody could be a good strategy for COVID‐19 treatment, but vaccines are still the best option to avoid hospitalization/deaths.
Booster shot of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine induces potent immune responses in people living with HIV
Authors: Zhan Haoting , Gao Huixia , Liu Yongmei , Zhang Xihong , Li Haolong , Li Xiaomeng , Wang Lijing , Li Chen , Li Beilei , Wang Yuling , Dai Erhei , Li Yongzhe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity to SARS‐CoV‐2 and evasive subvariants BA.4/5 in people living with HIV (PLWH) following a third booster shot of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine. We conducted a cross‐sectional study in 318 PLWH and 241 healthy controls (HC) using SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoassays. Vaccine‐induced immunological responses were compared before and after the third dose. Serum levels of IgG anti‐RBD and inhibition rate of NAb were significantly elevated at the “post‐third dose” sampling time compared with the pre‐third dose in PLWH, but were relatively decreased in contrast with those of HCs. Induced humoral and cellular responses attenuated over time after triple‐dose vaccination. The neutralizing capacity against BA.4/5 was also intensified but remained below the positive inhibition threshold. Seropositivity of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies in PLWH was prominently lower than that in HC. We also identified age, CD4 cell counts, time after the last vaccination, and WHO staging type of PLWH as independent factors associated with the seropositivity of antibodies. PLWH receiving booster shot of inactivated vaccines generate higher antibody responses than the second dose, but lower than that in HCs. Decreased anti‐BA.4/5 responses than that of WT impede the protective effect of the third dose on Omicron prevalence.
Cryptic resolution sites in the vector plasmid lead to the heterogeneities in the rAAV vectors
Authors: Zhang Junping , Chrzanowski Matthew , Frabutt Dylan A. , Lam Anh K. , Mulcrone Patrick L. , Li Lei , Konkle Barbara A. , Miao Carol H. , Xiao Weidong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vectors carry a cassette of interest retaining only the inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) from the wild‐type virus. Conventional rAAV production primarily uses a vector plasmid as well as helper genes essential for AAV replication and packaging. Nevertheless, plasmid backbone related contaminants have been a major source of vector heterogeneity. The mechanism driving the contamination phenomenon has yet to be elucidated. Here we identified cryptic resolution sites in the plasmid backbone as a key source for producing snapback genomes, which leads to the increase of vector genome heterogeneity in encapsidated virions. By using a single ITR plasmid as a model molecule and mapping subgenomic particles, we found that there exist a few typical DNA break hotspots in the vector DNA plasmid backbone, for example, on the ampicillin DNA element, called aberrant rescue sites. DNA around these specific breakage sites may assume some typical secondary structures. Similar to normal AAV vectors, plasmid DNA with a single ITR was able to rescue and replicate efficiently. These subgenomic DNA species significantly compete for trans factors required for rAAV rescue, replication, and packaging. The replication of single ITR contaminants during AAV production is independent of size. Packaging of these species is greatly affected by its size. A single ITR and a cryptic resolution site in the plasmid work synergistically, likely causing a source of plasmid backbone contamination.
Risk of waning humoral responses after inactivated or subunit recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with chronic diseases: Findings from a prospective observational study in China
Authors: Li Hu , Cai Dachuan , Jiang Depeng , Li Xingsheng , Liao Xiaohui , Liu Dongfang , Liu Zuojin , Zhu Peng , Yin Guobing , Ming Jia , Peng Mingli , Chen Min , Ling Ning , Lan Yinghua , Zhang Dazhi , Hu Peng , Ren Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHeterogeneity of antibody responses has been reported in SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination recipients with underlying diseases. We investigated the impact of the presence of comorbidities on the humoral response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with chronic disease (PWCD) and assessed the effect of the number of comorbidities on the humoral response to vaccination. In this study, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and IgG antibodies against the receptor‐binding domain (RBD‐IgG) were monitored following a full‐course vaccination. In total, 1400 PWCD (82.7%, inactivated vaccines; 17.3%, subunit recombinant vaccine) and 245 healthy controls (65.7% inactivated vaccines, 34.3% subunit recombinant vaccine) vaccinated with inactivated or subunit recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines, were included. The seroconversion and antibody levels of the NAbs and RBD‐IgG were different in the PWCD group compared with those in the control group. Chronic hepatitis B (odds ratio [OR]: 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46–0.93), cancer (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42–0.99), and diabetes (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28–0.89) were associated with lower seroconversion of NAbs. Chronic kidney disease (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11–0.76), cancer (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.23–0.62), and diabetes (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.20–0.69) were associated with lower seroconversion of RBD‐IgG. Only the presence of autoimmune disease showed significantly lower NAbs and RBD‐IgG titers. Patients with most types of chronic diseases showed similar responses to the controls, but humoral responses were still significantly associated with the presence of ≥2 coexisting diseases. Our study suggested that humoral responses following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination are impaired in patients with certain chronic diseases.
Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides modulate gut microbiota and improve metabolic disorders in mice with diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Huang Shishi , Zou Yuan , Tang Hongbiao , Zhuang Jingyu , Ye Zhiwei , Wei Tao , Lin Junfang , Zheng Qianwang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCordyceps militaris is an edible and medicinal fungus, and its polysaccharides are among its main pharmacological components. They can display immunomodulation, anti‐oxidation, anti‐inflammation, anti‐hypolipidemic, and other functions. The anti‐obesity effect of C. militaris polysaccharides (CMP) is not yet fully understood, however.RESULTSIn this study, a CMP diet intervention was applied over a 4 week period to mice with obesity induced by a high‐fat diet (HFD), followed by profiling of obesity‐induced dyslipidemia, low‐grade inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. The results suggested that CMP could significantly reduce HFD‐induced obesity, alleviate obesity‐induced hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance, and ameliorate systemic inflammation, showing a promising ability to protect mice from obesity. Further analyses revealed that CMP could regulate obesity‐induced gut dysbiosis by restoring the phylogenetic diversity of gut microbiota. It could also increase the relative abundance of short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐producing bacteria, while down‐regulating the level of bacteria that were positively related to the development of obesity. A correlation analysis showed that Helicobacter, Allobaculum, Clostridium XVIII, Parabacteroides, Ligilactobacillus, Faecalibaculum, Adlercreutzia, and Mediterraneibacter were positively related to obese phenotypes.CONCLUSIONThis study highlights the potential of CMP as a prebiotic agent to protect obese individuals from metabolic disorders and gut dysbiosis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Circular RNA Sec61 subunit alpha isoform 1 by competitive absorption of microRNA‐513a‐5p mediates peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 expression and promotes the malignant phenotype of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Duan Zhe‐Ping , Yu Xin‐Jiang , Wei Hua‐Lin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are functional RNAs in the development and metabolism of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therein, this paper particularly elucidated the circRNA SEC61 subunit alpha isoform 1 (circSEC61A1) in NSCLC has not been fully elucidated. Clinical analysis of circSEC61A1 expression was performed on specimens collected from 51 patients with primary NSCLC, together with patients' survival. Cell experiments were performed after interfering with circSEC61A1, microRNA (miR)‐513a‐5p, and peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5) expression, respectively, and cell malignant phenotypes and aerobic glycolysis were evaluated, as well as epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related markers and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Xenografts experiments studied the performance of circSEC61A1 in vivo. The downstream molecules of circSEC61A1 were searched. Our data demonstrated that circSEC61A1 was upregulated in NSCLC patients, showing an association with poorer survival outcomes. In cell experiments, circSEC61A1 overexpression promoted NSCLC malignant phenotypes, glycolysis, EMT, and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation, whereas circSEC61A1 underexpression did the opposite. Knockdown of circSEC61A1 limited tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, circSEC61A1 could regulate PEX5 expression through competitive absorption of miR‐513a‐5p. Generally, circSEC61A1 is a potential biomarker for NSCLC, and circSEC61A1 serves tumor‐promoting action in the progression of NSCLC.
Adaptive laboratory evolution for increased temperature tolerance of the diatom Nitzschia inconspicua
Authors: LaPanse Alaina J. , Burch Tyson A. , Tamburro Jacob M. , Traller Jesse C. , Pinowska Agnieszka , Posewitz Matthew C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOutdoor microalgal cultivation for the production of valuable biofuels and bioproducts typically requires high insolation and strains with high thermal (>37°C) tolerance. While some strains are naturally thermotolerant, other strains of interest require improved performance at elevated temperatures to enhance industrial viability. In this study, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was performed for over 300 days using consecutive 0.5°C temperature increases in a constant temperature incubator to attain greater thermal tolerance in the industrially relevant diatom Nitzschia inconspicua str. Hildebrandi. The adapted strain was able to grow at a constant temperature of 37.5°C; whereas this constant temperature was lethal to the parental control, which had an upper‐temperature boundary of 35.5°C before adaptive evolution. Several high‐temperature clonal isolates were obtained from the evolved population following ALE, and increased temperature tolerance was observed in the clonal, parent, and non‐clonal adapted cultures. This ALE method demonstrates the development of enhanced industrial algal strains without the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
Intra‐lymphocele microsurgical identification of causative afferent vessels for effective lymphaticovenular anastomosis in lymphocele treatment: A case report
Authors: Mitsui Kohei , Narushima Mitsunaga , Danno Kanako , Ishiura Ryohei , Banda Chihena H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLymphoceles are an important complication of pelvic and abdominal surgery with a reported incidence of 11%–88%. Conventional treatment includes compression, puncture aspiration, sclerotherapy, and ligation but recurrence is not uncommon and is difficult to treat. Recently, microsurgical lymphaticolymphatic anastomosis, lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) and reconstruction of lymphatic circulation with flaps are increasingly being utilized for lymphocele treatment. Effective microsurgical treatment requires precise identification of the causative afferent vessels for the most efficient circulatory by‐pass. However, direct identification of these vessels using traditional lymphoscintigraphy and near infrared lymphography is challenging and often not possible. We report the case of a 55‐year‐old woman who presented with bilateral inguinal lymphoceles and lymphedema following pelvic surgery for vulvovaginal cancer. Bilateral multiple LVAs of the lower extremities were performed and the lower limb circumferences reduced postoperatively, however both lymphoceles still persisted. The patient was successfully treated by approaching the lymphoceles from inside the lymphocele cavity. The causative afferent lymph vessels were directly identified microsurgically by gentle pressure on the inner wall and causative afferent lymph vessel lymphaticovenular anastomosis was performed. The lymphoceles resolved promptly after surgery without complications, and no recurrence was observed on 5 years follow‐up. This case report presents an innovative microsurgical approach to lymphocele treatment, including examination and techniques to identify the causative afferent lymphatic vessels for effective anastomosis. We report this case to demonstrate the importance of lymphatic vessel selection in the microsurgical treatment of lymphocele.
Commission, product quality and return policy in agency selling
Authors: Hsiao Lu , Chen Ying‐Ju , Xiong Hui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany sellers provide products for consumers directly on online platforms. This selling format is labeled “agency selling.” In this article, we investigate the platform's contract design and the seller's quality and return decisions in the agency selling. We find that the platform chooses a high commission rate to induce the seller to accept returns when the salvage factor is large enough or the consumers' willingness to pay for quality is sufficiently low. Compared to the direct channel, the seller is more likely to accept returns in the agency selling. Moreover, if the consumers' willingness to pay for quality increases, the platform intends to reduce the commission rate to induce the seller to increase the quality. The commission rate makes no influence on the generosity of the refund. However, when the consumers' willingness to pay for quality is sufficiently large, the platform prefers the seller to offer no refund and the commission rate may increase in the consumers' willingness to pay for quality. Finally, we consider two extensions: quality affects satisfaction probability and return window.
Workplace violence against nursing interns and patient safety: The multiple mediation effect of professional identity and professional burnout
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Yang Linlin , Yang Chunling , Wu Xia , Chen Yue , Yao Pingping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMost nursing interns have suffered some form of workplace violence in clinical settings, which has been linked to the jeopardizing of patient safety. Although previous research studies have examined the effect of workplace violence on patient safety, few studies have examined whether workplace violence is associated with patient safety through professional identity and professional burnout among nursing interns.AimsTo test whether professional identity and professional burnout play mediating roles in the relationship of workplace violence and patient safety among nursing interns.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThe study included 466 nursing interns from three tertiary grade A hospitals. The Workplace Violence Scale, the Professional Identity Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey, and the Patient Safety Behaviour Scale were used to gather data. Associations among workplace violence, professional identity, professional burnout, and patient safety were assessed by correlation and the serial‐multiple mediation analysis.ResultsWorkplace violence, professional identity, professional burnout and patient safety were significantly correlated. Workplace violence can have a direct positive impact on patient safety of nursing interns, but also an indirect impact on patient safety through three paths: the independent mediating role of professional identity, the independent mediating role of professional burnout, and the chain mediating role of professional identity and professional burnout.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that workplace violence can affect patient safety through decreasing professional identity and increasing professional burnout among nursing interns. Interventions aimed at decreasing workplace violence among nursing interns would be beneficial for professional attitude and patient safety.