bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-affirmative Theory of Education: Problems, Positionings and Possibilities
Authors: Uljens Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNon-affirmative education theory represents a contemporary interpretation of the longstanding European tradition of Bildung and Bildung-related theory of education. This introductory chapter begins with a broad view of non-affirmative theory of education and Bildung, as well as the motives for engaging in such a dialogue. Second, as this way of theorising education and Bildung starts from education as an academic discipline of its own, this introduction describes some of the typical questions raised within the German and Nordic traditions of general education (Allgemeine Pädagogik). Third, this chapter includes a short overview of the volume, describing its structure and the separate chapters.
On Affirmativity and Non-affirmativity in the Context of Theories of Education and Bildung
Authors: Benner Dietrich 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes the genesis and reception of my attempts at developing a non-affirmative pedagogy in four sections. The first recalls the beginnings, which identified non-affirmativity as a feature of critical pedagogical thought and action, leading beyond the then widespread juxtaposition of affirmative and emancipatory pedagogy. The second section presents the yield of these efforts on my “General Pedagogy” (1971/2018) and the basic pedagogical concepts, basic pedagogical theories, and elementary forms of action in education that I introduced in it. The third part develops systematic distinctions between positive and negative experiences, teaching and learning, and between upbringing, education, and competence, which are helpful for understanding the inherent logic of pedagogical thought and action and for the coordination between pedagogical theory and research in educational science. The fourth section deals with the reception of the approach and works out an enduring significance of critical non-affirmativity, which must be constantly re-examined against the background of changing pedagogical problem constellations.
Knowledge, Values and Subject-ness: Educative Teaching as a Regulative Idea of School Development in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Rucker Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the question of an educationally justified orientation of school teaching in the context of modern democratic societies. According to my thesis, school teaching that is understood as non-affirmative must consequently be conceived as educative teaching, or more precisely as educative teaching under the claim of Bildung. To justify this assertion, I first describe non-affirmative education as an irreducible nexus of discipline, teaching, and guidance. Then, I try to show how school teaching can be conceptualized as educative teaching under the claim of Bildung. Finally, I develop a conceptual framework for distinguishing between different dimensions of non-affirmativity, each of which is significant in the context of educative teaching. Taken together, these considerations bring into view a regulative idea of school development that should not be ignored if one does not want to fall behind an already achieved level within educational theory.
Einleitung und Überblick
Authors: Jünger Jakob , Gärtner Chantal 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel führt Sie in die Welt der Computational Methods ein. Sie erfahren, an wen sich das Buch richtet, was unter Computational Methods verstanden wird und wofür diese in der Wissenschaft eingesetzt werden. Zudem lernen Sie, welche grundlegenden Tools für die Arbeit mit diesen Methoden benötigt werden.Im Online-Repositorium unterhttps://github.com/strohne/cmfinden Sie begleitend zum Kapitel weitere Materialien, auf die wir im Text mit ☛ verweisen.
Zusammenfassung
Authors: Jünger Jakob , Gärtner Chantal 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungComputational Methods bringen eine spezielle Perspektive auf die Welt mit sich. Sie sind einerseits ganz im Sinne der statistischen Tradition Werkzeuge, mit denen umfangreiche Daten erhoben, aufbereitet und analysiert werden, um so die Komplexität der Wirklichkeit auf wesentliche Aspekte zu reduzieren. Andererseits sind sie Praktiken, die sich zunehmend in den Alltag einweben, etwa durch die Etablierung sogenannter künstlicher Intelligenz in Anwendungsbereichen innerhalb und außerhalb der Wissenschaft. Das Kapitel gibt auf Basis einer Netzwerkanalyse Hinweise auf mögliche Lektürepfade, mit denen sich das vorliegende Buch erschließen lässt.
Datenformate
Authors: Jünger Jakob , Gärtner Chantal 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel führt in Datenformate ein, die Ihnen bei der Arbeit mit Computational Methods begegnen werden. Sie lernen, wie die wichtigsten Datenformate aufgebaut sind, welche Arten von Datenbanken es gibt und worin der Unterschied zwischen Datenformaten und Datenmodellen besteht.Im Online-Repositorium unter https://github.com/strohne/cm finden Sie begleitend zum Kapitel weitere Materialien, auf die wir im Text mit ☛ verweisen.
Datenextraktion
Authors: Jünger Jakob , Gärtner Chantal 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel führt in Verfahren zur Datenselektion- und transformation ein. Sie lernen, wie Sie mit regulären Ausdrücken Suchmuster formulieren, um unstrukturierte Daten aufzubereiten, wie Sie Elemente aus Webseiten mit CSS-Selektoren und XPath extrahieren und wie Sie Datenbanken mit SQL abfragen. Zudem erfahren Sie, wie Matrizen in verschiedene Formen gebracht werden und warum sich das lohnt.Im Online-Repositorium unter https://github.com/strohne/cm finden Sie begleitend zum Kapitel weitere Materialien, auf die wir im Text mit ☛ verweisen.
Scaling up. Daten und Skripte organisieren
Authors: Jünger Jakob , Gärtner Chantal 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel führt in Konzepte ein, die bei der Koordination von größeren Projekten und der Zusammenarbeit mit anderen helfen. Sie lernen, was eine Versionsverwaltung ist und worauf Sie bei der Wahl von Entwicklungsumgebungen achten können. In Bezug auf rechenintensivere Projekte finden Sie eine Einführung in die Virtualisierung und erhalten einen Einblick in High-Performance-Computing.Im Online-Repositorium unterhttps://github.com/strohne/cmfinden Sie begleitend zum Kapitel weitere Materialien, auf die wir im Text mit ☛ verweisen.
Maschinelles Lernen
Authors: Jünger Jakob , Gärtner Chantal 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel führt in die Grundlagen von Machine-Learning-Verfahren ein. Sie lernen, was überwachte von unüberwachten Lernverfahren unterscheidet, wie man Emotionen mit einem Künstlichen Neuronalen Netz erkennt und wie umfangreiche Textkorpora mittels Topic Modeling erschlossen werden.Im Online-Repositorium unter https://github.com/strohne/cm finden Sie begleitend zum Kapitel weitere Materialien, auf die wir im Text mit ☛ verweisen.
Effective field theory in light of relative entropy
Authors: Cao Qing-Hong , Kan Naoto , Ueda Daiki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study constraints on the effective field theory (EFT) from the relative entropy between two theories: we refer to these as target and reference theories. The consequence of the non-negativity of the relative entropy is investigated by choosing some reference theories for a given target theory. We consider the target and reference theories described by field theories, quantum mechanical models, etc. It is found that the constraints on EFTs, e.g., the single massless scalar field with the dimension-eight operator, and SMEFT dimension-eight bosonic operators, arise when the higher-derivative operators are generated by the interaction between heavy and light fields. In particular, the constraints on the SMEFT dimension-eight bosonic operators with the SU(N) and SU(n) gauge fields, and the operator quartics in the Higgs are newly studied, and some stronger bounds than the unitarity and causality considerations are derived. The constraints on Einstein-Maxwell theory with higher-derivative operators from the non-negativity of relative entropy are also investigated. The constraints on such EFTs from the relative entropy hold under an assumption that perturbative corrections from the interaction involving higher-derivative operators of light fields are not dominant in the EFTs. The consequence of this study on the weak gravity conjecture and the second law of thermodynamics is also discussed.
From Ds → γ in lattice QCD to Bs → μμγ at high q2
Authors: Guadagnoli Diego , Normand Camille , Simula Silvano , Vittorio Ludovico 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We use a recent lattice determination of the vector and axial Ds → γ form factors at high squared momentum transfer q2 to infer their Bs → γ counterparts. To this end, we introduce a phenomenological approach summarized as follows. First, we describe the lattice data with different fit templates motivated by vector-meson dominance, that is expected to hold in the high-q2 region considered. We identify reference fit ansaetze with one or two physical poles, that we validate against alternative templates. Then, the pole residues can be unambiguously related to the appropriate couplings involving the pseudoscalar, the vector mesons concerned, and the photon — or tri-couplings — and the latter can be expressed as sums over quark magnetic moments, weighed by their e.m. charges. This description obeys a well-defined heavy-quark scaling, that allows to parametrically scale up the form factors to the Bs → γ case. We discuss a number of cross-checks of the whole approach, whose validation rests ultimately in a first-principle determination, e.g. in lattice QCD. Finally, we use our obtained form factors to reassess the SM prediction of ℬ(Bs → μ+μ−γ) in the range $$ \sqrt{q^2}\in $$

q
2

∈
[4.2, 5.0] GeV, where an experimental measurement is awaited.
The holar wind
Authors: Martinec Emil J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
String theory in AdS3 with purely NS-NS fluxes and vanishing RR moduli has a continuum of winding string excitations in radial plane wave states. BTZ black holes can emit such strings, which then flow out toward the AdS3 boundary as a stream of massive quanta, and form a black hole analogue of the solar wind. The winding string sector thus provides a decay channel for the black hole to evaporate without having either to couple the system to an external reservoir or to match the AdS3 throat onto an asymptotically flat region. We compute the emission amplitude of this “holar wind” in the semi-classical approximation, and consider the associated version of the black hole information paradox.
Study of singly heavy baryon lifetimes
Authors: Cheng Hai-Yang , Liu Chia-Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the inclusive decay widths of singly heavy baryons with the improved bag model in which the unwanted center-of-mass motion is removed. Additional insight is gained by comparing the charmed and bottom baryons. We discuss the running of the baryon matrix elements and compare the results with the non-relativistic quark model (NRQM). While the calculated two-quark operator elements are compatible with the literature, those of the four-quark ones deviate largely. In particular, the heavy quark limit holds reasonably well in the bag model for four-quark operator matrix elements but is badly broken in the NRQM. We predict 1 − τ (Ωb)/τ($$ {\Lambda}_b^0 $$

Λ
b
0

) = (8.34 ± 2.22)% in accordance with the current experimental value of $$ \left({11.5}_{-11.6}^{+12.2}\right)\% $$

11.5

−
11.6

+
12.2

%
and compatible with (13.2 ± 4.7)% obtained in the NRQM. We find an excellent agreement between theory and experiment for the lifetimes of bottom baryons. We confirm that $$ {\Omega}_c^0 $$

Ω
c
0

could live longer than $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$

Λ
c
+

after the dimension-7 four-quark operators are taken into account. We recommend to measure some semileptonic inclusive branching fractions in the forthcoming experiments to discern different approaches. For example, we obtain $$ \mathcal{BF}\left({\Xi}_c^{+}\to X{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right) $$
BF

Ξ
c
+

→
X

e
+

ν
e

= (8.57±0.49)% and $$ \mathcal{BF}\left({\Omega}_c^0\to X{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right) $$
BF

Ω
c
0

→
X

e
+

ν
e

= (1.88 ± 1.69)% in sharp contrast to $$ \mathcal{BF}\left({\Xi}_c^{+}\to X{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right) $$
BF

Ξ
c
+

→
X

e
+

ν
e

= $$ \left({12.74}_{-2.45}^{+2.54}\right)\% $$

12.74

−
2.45

+
2.54

%
and $$ \mathcal{BF}\left({\Omega}_c^0\to X{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right) $$
BF

Ω
c
0

→
X

e
+

ν
e

= $$ \left({7.59}_{-2.24}^{+2.49}\right)\% $$

7.59

−
2.24

+
2.49

%
found in the NRQM.
Electroweak input schemes and universal corrections in SMEFT
Authors: Biekötter Anke , Pecjak Benjamin D. , Scott Darren J. , Smith Tommy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The choice of an electroweak (EW) input scheme is an important component of perturbative calculations in Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). In this paper we perform a systematic study of three different EW input schemes in SMEFT, in particular those using the parameter sets {MW, MZ, GF}, {MW, MZ, α}, or {α, MZ, GF}. We discuss general features and calculate decay rates of Z and W bosons to leptons and Higgs decays to bottom quarks in these three schemes up to next-to-leading order (NLO) in dimension-six SMEFT. We explore the sensitivity to Wilson coefficients and perturbative convergence in the different schemes, and show that while the latter point is more involved than in the Standard Model, the dominant scheme-dependent NLO corrections are universal and can be taken into account by a simple set of substitutions on the leading-order results. Residual NLO corrections are then of similar size between the different input schemes, and performing calculations in multiple schemes can give a useful handle on theory uncertainties in SMEFT predictions and fits to data.
(0, 4) Projective superspaces. Part I. Interacting linear sigma models
Authors: Prabhakar Naveen S. , Roček Martin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We describe the projective superspace approach to supersymmetric models with off-shell (0, 4) supersymmetry in two dimensions. In addition to the usual superspace coordinates, projective superspace has extra bosonic variables — one doublet for each SU(2) in the R-symmetry SU(2) × SU(2) which are interpreted as homogeneous coordinates on CP1 × CP1. The superfields are analytic in the CP1 coordinates and this analyticity plays an important role in our description. For instance, it leads to stringent constraints on the interactions one can write down for a given superfield content of the model. As an example, we describe in projective superspace Witten’s ADHM sigma model — a linear sigma model with non-derivative interactions whose target is R4 with a Yang-Mills instanton solution. The hyperkähler nature of target space and the twistor description of instantons by Ward, and Atiyah, Hitchin, Drinfeld and Manin are natural outputs of our construction.
Dihadron production in DIS at NLO: the real corrections
Authors: Iancu Edmond , Mulian Yair 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
By using the formalism of the light-cone wave function along with the colour glass condensate effective theory, we consider next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections to the production of a pair of hadrons in electron-proton, or electron-nucleus, collisions at small Bjorken x. To the order of interest, the process involves the fluctuation of a virtual photon into a quark-antiquark pair, followed by the emission of a gluon from either the quark, or the antiquark. For the case of a virtual photon with transverse polarization, we compute the real NLO corrections, where the emitted gluon is present in the final state. We first compute the tree-level cross-section for the production of the quark-antiquark-gluon system and then deduce the real NLO corrections to dihadron production by integrating out the kinematics of the gluon. We verify in detail that, in the limit where the gluon is soft, our calculation reproduces the (real piece of the) B-JIMWLK evolution of the leading-order cross-section for quark-antiquark production. Similarly, in the limit where the gluon is collinear with its emitter, we recover the real terms in the DGLAP evolution of the fragmentation function. The virtual NLO corrections to dihadron production will be presented by one of us in a subsequent publication.
Weakly Schreier extensions for general algebras
Authors: Manuell Graham , Martins-Ferreira Nelson 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWeakly Schreier split extensions are a reasonably large, yet well-understood class of monoid extensions, which generalise some aspects of split extensions of groups. This short note provides a way to define and study similar classes of split extensions in general algebraic structures (parameterised by a term $$\theta $$
θ
). These generalise weakly Schreier extensions of monoids, as well as general extensions of semi-abelian varieties (using the $$\theta $$
θ
appearing in their syntactic characterisation). Restricting again to the case of monoids, a different choice of $$\theta $$
θ
leads to a new class of monoid extensions, more general than the weakly Schreier split extensions.
Inanspruchnahme zahnmedizinischer Versorgung von Erwachsenen mit und ohne Beeinträchtigungen und Behinderungen – Ergebnisse der Studie GEDA 2014/2015-EHIS
Authors: Krause Laura , Schmidt Peter , Seeling Stefanie , Prütz Franziska 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Beeinträchtigungen und Behinderungen können sich nachteilig auf die Mundgesundheit auswirken. Studien zur Mundgesundheit von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen und Behinderungen gibt es jedoch nur wenige. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die 12-Monats-Prävalenz der Inanspruchnahme zahnmedizinischer Versorgung von Erwachsenen mit und ohne Beeinträchtigungen und Behinderungen in Deutschland.

Methoden
Die Analysen basieren auf Daten von 23.372 Personen ab 18 Jahren mit ständigem Wohnsitz in Deutschland der Studie GEDA 2014/2015-EHIS. Die Teilnehmenden wurden gefragt, wann sie zuletzt bei einem Zahnarzt, Kieferorthopäden oder einem anderen zahnmedizinischen Spezialisten waren, um sich selbst beraten, untersuchen oder behandeln zu lassen – „vor weniger als 6 Monaten“, „vor 6 bis weniger als 12 Monaten“, „vor 12 Monaten oder länger“ oder „nie“. Für die Analysen wurden die ersten und letzten beiden Antwortoptionen zusammengefasst, um die 12-Monats-Prävalenz der Inanspruchnahme zahnmedizinischer Leistungen zu erhalten.

Ergebnisse
Erwachsene mit Beeinträchtigungen und Behinderungen haben im Jahr vor der Befragung etwas häufiger keine zahnmedizinische Praxis aufgesucht als Erwachsene ohne Beeinträchtigungen und Behinderungen (21,5 % vs. 18,4 %; p = 0,002). Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Vorliegen von Beeinträchtigungen und Behinderungen und einer geringeren Inanspruchnahme zahnmedizinischer Versorgung blieb aber nach Kontrolle für Alter, Geschlecht, Partnerschaft und sozioökonomischen Status nicht bestehen.

Diskussion
Es zeigen sich kaum Unterschiede in der Inanspruchnahme zahnmedizinischer Leistungen zwischen Personen mit und ohne Beeinträchtigungen und Behinderungen. Dennoch ist aufgrund ihrer im Mittel schlechteren Mundgesundheit zu überlegen, wie die zahnmedizinische Versorgung dieser sehr heterogenen Gruppe weiter verbessert werden kann. Die Auswertungen zeigen Versorgungsbedarfe und Präventionspotenziale auf.
Global Existence and Finite-Time Blow-Up for a Nonlinear Nonlocal Evolution Equation
Authors: Constantin Adrian , Molinet Luc 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study the Cauchy problem for a nonlinear nonlocal evolution equation arising in the study of oceanic flows in equatorial regions. We present a well-posedness result and show that while some initial data develop into solutions that exist for all times, others lead to blow-up in finite time.
A matheuristic for tactical locomotive and driver scheduling for the Swiss national railway company SBB Cargo AG
Authors: Vié Marie-Sklaerder , Zufferey Nicolas , Minner Stefan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAt the scale of Switzerland, the national railway company SBB Cargo AG has to schedule its locomotives and drivers in order to be able to pull all trains. Two objective functions are considered in a two-stage lexicographic fashion: (1) the locomotive and driver costs and (2) the driver time that is spent without driving. As the problem instances tend to reach really big sizes (up to 1900 trains), we propose to schedule locomotives and drivers in a sequential way, thus having a sequence of smaller problems to solve. Moreover, for smaller instances, we also propose to schedule jointly locomotives and drivers in an integrated way, therefore increasing the search space but possibly leading to better solutions. In this paper, we present a mathematical formulation and model for the problem. We also consider the contract-related constraints of the drivers, and we propose a way to integrate some time flexibility in the schedules. Next, we propose an innovative matheuristic to solve the problem, relying on a descent local search and a rolling horizon decomposition. An important goal of this method is to explore thoroughly at which extent a general-purpose solver can be used on this problem. Finally, the benefits of each aspect of the model and of the method are analyzed in detail on the results obtained for 20 real SBB Cargo AG instances.
Interdisciplinary perspectives on computed tomography in sepsis: survey among medical doctors at a large university medical center
Authors: Opper Hernando Maria Isabel , Witham Denis , Steinhagen Peter Richard , Angermair Stefan , Bauer Wolfgang , Compton Friederike , Edel Andreas , Kruse Jan , Kühnle York , Lachmann Gunnar , Marz Susanne , Müller-Redetzky Holger , Nee Jens , Paul Oliver , Praeger Damaris , Skurk Carsten , Stegemann Miriam , Uhrig Alexander , Wolf Stefan , Zimmermann Elke , Rubarth Kerstin , Bolanaki Myrto , Seybold Joachim , Dewey Marc , Pohlan Julian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to describe physicians’ perspectives on the use of computed tomography (CT) in patients with sepsis.

Methods
In January 2022, physicians of a large European university medical center were surveyed using a web-based questionnaire asking about their views on the role of CT in sepsis. A total of 371 questionnaires met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using work experience, workplace, and medical specialty of physicians as variables. Chi-square tests were performed.

Results
Physicians considered the ability to detect an unknown focus as the greatest benefit of CT scans in sepsis (70.9%, n = 263/371). Two clinical criteria — “signs of decreased vigilance” (89.2%, n = 331/371) and “increased catecholamine demand” (84.7%, n = 314/371) — were considered highly relevant for a CT request. Elevated procalcitonin (82.7%, n = 307/371) and lactate levels (83.6%, n = 310/371) were consistently found to be critical laboratory values to request a CT. As long as there is evidence of infection in one organ region, most physicians (42.6%, n = 158/371) would order a CT scan based on clinical assessment. Combined examination of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis was favored (34.8%, n = 129/371) in cases without clinical clues of an infection source. A time window of ≥ 1–6 h was preferred for both CT examinations (53.9%, n = 200/371) and CT-guided interventions (59.3%, n = 220/371) in patients with sepsis.

Conclusion
Despite much consensus, there are significant differences in attitudes towards the use of CT in septic patients among physicians from different workplaces and medical specialties. Knowledge of these perspectives may improve patient management and interprofessional communication.

Key Points

Despite interdisciplinary consensus on the use of CT in sepsis, statistically significant differences in the responses are apparent among physicians from different workplaces and medical specialties.

The detection of a previously unknown source of infection and the ability to plan interventions and/or surgery based on CT findings are considered key advantages of CT in septic patients.

Timing of CT reflects the requirements of specific disciplines.