bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of CD169, HLA-DR, and CD64 expression as predictive biomarkers of SARS-CoV2 outcome
Authors: Gatti Arianna , Fassini Paola , Mazzone Antonino , Rusconi Stefano , Brando Bruno , Mistraletti Giovanni 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Discriminating between virus-induced fever from superimposed bacterial infections is a common challenge in intensive care units. Superimposed bacterial infections can be detected in severe SARS-CoV2-infected patients, suggesting the important role of the bacteria in COVID-19 evolution. However, indicators of patients’ immune status may be of help in the management of critically ill subjects.
Monocyte CD169 is a type I interferon-inducible receptor that is up-regulated during viral infections, including COVID-19. Monocyte HLA-DR expression is an immunologic status marker, that decreases during immune exhaustion. This condition is an unfavorable prognostic biomarker in septic patients. Neutrophil CD64 upregulation is an established indicator of sepsis.

Methods
In this study, we evaluated by flow cytometry the expression of cellular markers monocyte CD169, neutrophil CD64, and monocyte HLA-DR in 36 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, as possible indicators of ongoing progression of disease and of patients’ immune status. Blood testings started at ICU admission and were carried on throughout the ICU stay and extended in case of transfer to other units, when applicable.
The marker expression in mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and their kinetics with time were correlated to the clinical outcome.

Results
Patients with short hospital stay (≤15 days) and good outcome showed higher values of monocyte HLA-DR (median 17,478 MFI) than long hospital stay patients (>15 days, median 9590 MFI, p= 0.04) and than patients who died (median 5437 MFI, p= 0.05). In most cases, the recovery of the SARS-CoV2 infection-related signs was associated with the downregulation of monocyte CD169 within 17 days from disease onset. However in three surviving long hospital stay patients, a persistent upregulation of monocyte CD169 was observed. An increased neutrophil CD64 expression was found in two cases with a superimposed bacterial sepsis.

Conclusion
Monocyte CD169, neutrophil CD64, and monocyte HLA-DR expression can be used as predictive biomarkers of SARS-CoV2 outcome in acutely infected patients. The combined analysis of these indicators can offer a real-time evaluation of patients’ immune status and of viral disease progression versus superimposed bacterial infections. This approach allows to better define the patients’ clinical status and outcome and may be useful to guide clinicians’ decisions. Our study focused on the discrimination between the activity of viral and bacterial infections and on the detection of the development of anergic states that may correlate with an unfavorable prognosis.
Multiple cardiac calcified amorphous tumors with morphologically different characteristics complicated by aortic regurgitation: a case report
Authors: Sakurai Hironobu , Someya Takeshi , Yamamoto Satoshi , Ito Eisaku , Kuroki Hidehito , Shirai Toshizumi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Cardiac calcified amorphous tumors (CATs) are non-neoplastic cardiac tumors of unknown origin and etiology. Several simultaneous CATs rarely occur in multiple cardiac chambers. Although CATs carry a benign prognosis, they have a risk of complications such as systemic embolism.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 79-year-old woman with two CATs and aortic regurgitation due to perforations of aortic cusps. She underwent surgical tumor resection with aortic valve replacement. The CATs were macroscopically and histologically different, which may suggest different developmental stages. One CAT was in the left atrium; it was less mobile and had nodular calcifications within dense fibrous tissue. The other CAT was in the left ventricular outflow tract; it was highly mobile, with nodular calcifications surrounded by amorphous fibrin and sanguineous deposits. The highly mobile CAT mechanically damaged the aortic cusps and caused perforations. The patient has survived over 2 years with no recurrence of the cardiac masses on echocardiography.

Conclusion
The patient underwent surgical resection for two CATs. The tumors occurred in different areas and had different macroscopic and histological characteristics. We recommend early resection for highly mobile CATs because of the high risks of embolization and injuries to the surrounding tissues.
The “Indians of Palmares”: Conquest, Insurrection, and Land in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Hertzman Marc A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines a group that has received little scholarly attention: the Indigenous people of Palmares, the site of one of history's largest fugitive slave communities, defeated by the Portuguese in 1695. What studies do exist emphasize origins: Did Indigenous people help build the fugitive settlements of Palmares? I instead focus on the post-1695 period, when competing actors sought land in the interior regions that the settlements once occupied. Shaped by displacement and diaspora, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries some Indigenous people rebelled, while others referenced their role as conquerors of Palmares to make land claims. Though discursive representations of Indigenous roles as conquerors rarely prevented material dispossession, the communities persisted despite remarkable challenges. Their trajectories indicate new ways to think about Palmares and Indigenous history and provide suggestive points of comparison with Spanish America and better-known examples from the Age of Revolution.
Identification of a heterogeneous and dynamic ciliome during embryonic development and cell differentiation
Authors: Elliott Kelsey H. , Balchand Sai K. , Bonatto Paese Christian Louis , Chang Ching-Fang , Yang Yanfen , Brown Kari M. , Rasicci Daniel T. , He Hao , Thorner Konrad , Chaturvedi Praneet , Murray Stephen A. , Chen Jing , Porollo Aleksey , Peterson Kevin A. , Brugmann Samantha A. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Primary cilia are nearly ubiquitous organelles that transduce molecular and mechanical signals. Although the basic structure of the cilium and the cadre of genes that contribute to ciliary formation and function (the ciliome) are believed to be evolutionarily conserved, the presentation of ciliopathies with narrow, tissue-specific phenotypes and distinct molecular readouts suggests that an unappreciated heterogeneity exists within this organelle. Here, we provide a searchable transcriptomic resource for a curated primary ciliome, detailing various subgroups of differentially expressed genes within the ciliome that display tissue and temporal specificity. Genes within the differentially expressed ciliome exhibited a lower level of functional constraint across species, suggesting organism and cell-specific function adaptation. The biological relevance of ciliary heterogeneity was functionally validated by using Cas9 gene-editing to disrupt ciliary genes that displayed dynamic gene expression profiles during osteogenic differentiation of multipotent neural crest cells. Collectively, this novel primary cilia-focused resource will allow researchers to explore longstanding questions related to how tissue and cell-type specific functions and ciliary heterogeneity may contribute to the range of phenotypes associated with ciliopathies.
The Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb)
Authors: Begley Dale A. , Krupke Debra M. , Sundberg John P. , Jocoy Emily L. , Richardson Joel E. , Neuhauser Steven B. , Bult Carol J. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The laboratory mouse has served for decades as an informative animal model system for investigating the genetic and genomic basis of cancer in humans. Although thousands of mouse models have been generated, compiling and aggregating relevant data and knowledge about these models is hampered by a general lack of compliance, in the published literature, with nomenclature and annotation standards for genes, alleles, mouse strains and cancer types. The Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) is an expertly curated, comprehensive knowledgebase of diverse types of mouse models of human cancer, including inbred mouse strains, genetically engineered mouse models, patient-derived xenografts, and mouse genetic diversity panels such as the Collaborative Cross. The MMHCdb is a FAIR-compliant knowledgebase that enforces nomenclature and annotation standards, and supports the completeness and accuracy of searches for mouse models of human cancer and associated data. The resource facilitates the analysis of the impact of genetic background on the incidence and presentation of different tumor types, and aids in the assessment of different mouse strains as models of human cancer biology and treatment response.
Hematological findings in COVID-19 and their correlation with severity of Disease
Authors: Mehmood Namra , Riaz Zahra , Sattar Arooj , Kiran Mehwish 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of hematological parameters to predict severity of COVID-19 patients.
Method: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted at Central Park Teaching Hospital, Lahore in COVID ward and COVID ICU between April 23, 2021 to June 23, 2021. Patients of all ages and both genders with positive PCR admitted in the COVID ward and ICU during this time span of two months were included in the study. Data was collected retrospectively.
Results: This study included 50 patients with male to female ratio of 1.38:1. Though males are more affected by COVID-19 but the difference is not statistically significant. The mean age of the study population was 56.21 and the patients in the severe disease group have higher age. It was observed that in severe/critical group the mean values of total leukocyte count 21.76×103 µI (p-value= 0.002), absolute neutrophil count 71.37% (p-value=0.045), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) 12.80 (p-value=0.00) and PT 11.9 seconds (p-value=0.034) and the difference was statistically significant. While in severe/critical group, the mean values of hemoglobin 12.03g/dl (p-value=0.075), lymphocyte count 28.41% (p-value=0.8), platelet count 226×103 µI (p-value=0.67) and APTT 30.7 (p-value=0.081) and the difference was not significantly different between groups.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that total leucocyte count, absolute neutrophil count and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio can predict in-hospital mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6836
How to cite this: Mahmood N, Riaz Z, Sattar A, Kiran M. Hematological findings in COVID-19 and their correlation with severity of Disease. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):795-798. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6836
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Improving the predictive power of xenograft and syngeneic anti-tumour studies using mice humanised for pathways of drug metabolism
Authors: Henderson Colin J. , McLaren Aileen W. , Kapelyukh Yury , Wolf C. Roland 
Published: March 2023

Drug development is an expensive and time-consuming process, with only a small fraction of drugs gaining regulatory approval from the often many thousands of candidates identified during target validation. Once a lead compound has been identified and optimised, they are subject to intensive pre-clinical research to determine their pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties, procedures which inevitably involve significant numbers of animals - mainly mice and rats, but also dogs and monkeys in much smaller numbers and for specific types of drug candidates. Many compounds that emerge from this process, having been shown to be safe and efficacious in pre-clinical studies, subsequently fail to replicate this outcome in clinical trials, therefore wasting time, money and, most importantly, animals. Due to high rates of metabolism and a differing spectrum of metabolites (some pharmacologically active) in rodents, species differences in drug metabolism can be a major impediment to drug discovery programmes and confound the extrapolation of animal data to humans. To circumvent this, we have developed a complex transgenic mouse model – 8HUM - which faithfully replicates human Phase I drug metabolism (and its regulation), and which will generate more human-relevant data from fewer animals in a pre-clinical setting and reduce attrition in the clinic. One key area for the pre-clinical application of animals in an oncology setting – almost exclusively mice - is their use in anti-tumour studies. We now further demonstrate the utility of the 8HUM mouse using a murine melanoma cell line as a syngeneic tumour and also present an immunodeficient version 8HUM_Rag2 -/- - for use in xenograft studies. These models will be of significant benefit not only to Pharma for pre-clinical drug development work, but also throughout the drug efficacy, toxicology, pharmacology, and drug metabolism communities, where fewer animals will be needed to generate more human-relevant data.
Circulation of respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in The Gambia
Authors: Jarju Sheikh , Senghore Elina , Brotherton Helen , Affleck Lucy , Saidykhan Alasana , Jallow Samba , Krubally Ebrima , Sinjanka Edrisa , Ndene Morris Ngor , Bajo Fabakary , Sanyang Musa M , Saidy Binta , Bah Alasana , Mohammed Nuredin I , Forrest Karen , Clarke Ed , Dalessandro Umberto , Sesay Abdul K , Usuf Effua , Cerami Carla , Roca Anna , Kampmann Beate , de Silva Thushan I 
Published: March 2023

Background: In many countries, non-pharmaceutical interventions to limit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission resulted in significant reductions in other respiratory viruses. However, similar data from Africa are limited. We explored the extent to which viruses such as influenza and rhinovirus co-circulated with SARS-CoV-2 in The Gambia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Between April 2020 and March 2022, respiratory viruses were detected using RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs from 1397 participants with influenza-like illness. An assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 and a viral multiplex RT-PCR assay was used as previously described to detect influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A and B, parainfluenza viruses 1-4, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), adenovirus, seasonal coronaviruses (229E, OC43, NL63) and human rhinovirus. Results: Overall virus positivity was 44.2%, with prevalence higher in children <5 years (80%) compared to children aged 5-17 years (53.1%), adults aged 18-50 (39.5%) and >50 years (39.9%), p<0.0001. After SARS-CoV-2 (18.3%), rhinoviruses (10.5%) and influenza viruses (5.5%) were the most prevalent. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was lower in children <5 (4.3%) and 5-17 years (12.7%) than in adults aged 18-50 (19.3%) and >50 years (24.3%), p<0.0001. In contrast, rhinoviruses were most prevalent in children <5 years (28.7%), followed by children aged 5-17 (15.8%), adults aged 18-50 (8.3%) and >50 years (6.3%), p<0.0001. Four SARS-CoV-2 waves occurred, with 36.1%-52.4% SARS-CoV-2 positivity during peak months. Influenza infections were observed in both 2020 and 2021 during the rainy season as expected (peak positivity 16.4%-23.5%). Peaks of rhinovirus were asynchronous to the months when SARS-CoV-2 and influenza peaked. Conclusion: Our data show that many respiratory viruses continued to circulate during the COVID-19 pandemic in The Gambia, including human rhinoviruses, despite the presence of NPIs during the early stages of the pandemic, and influenza peaks during expected months.
The influence of some anthropometric parameters on the marathon results of the world athletics championships 2019 in Doha
Authors: Bekolli L. , Rashiti N. , Ramabaja Q. , Heta G. 
Published: March 2023

The research was conducted on a sample of 55 successful female marathoners who participated in ten of the most popular marathon races. The sample of subjects includes ten of the best marathoners positioned in every race held at the 2019 World Athletics Championships in Doha, Qatar. The purpose of the research is to assess the impact of body height, weight and age of marathon runners on the final result in the race. The collected data is processed by the basic descriptive parameters. The entities have the average weight of 60.81 kg, with the average height of 171.65 cm, at the average age of 32.92, with the achieved average result of 137.86 hours into the race. In the intercorrelation matrix, only a significant correlation coefficient (p<0.001) is obtained for height and body weight. From the regression analysis the influence of the predictor variables (height, weight and age) on the criterion variable – sig.=0,60 (the result of the marathon) is not confirmed, which provides only 36% (RO²=.366) of analysis in the common ground of variability. The remaining 64% of the analysis of the total variability of the criterion variable may be attributed to other anthropological characteristics, and mainly to functional characteristics of the anaerobic type.
The Risk Factors of Physical Activity Behavior in Junior High School Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Indriani Indriani , Tayyibah Hayyatan 
Published: March 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has indirectly limited the student’s space and physical activities which increases insufficiency of physically active or sedentary behaviors. Meanwhile, low physical activity is a major risk factor for health problems. This study aimed to determine the physical activity behavior of students in junior high school. Method: This research used a cross-sectional survey; the sample was school children in 34 provinces in Indonesia and was collected through the Physical Activity Questioner Children (PAQ-C) and ASAFA scale. The questionnaire was distributed through Google Forms to 138 junior high school students aged 12-15 years as the age range. A sample size was taken by simple random sampling and 136 valid questionnaires were then analyzed for the relationship between variables by using Kendall's tau test. Results: The results showed that 31.6% of 136 students had insufficient physical activity or sedentary levels, and 14.7% had an active level dominated by female students (13.2%). Based on analysis data, it is found that there is a strong relationship between social support (p= 0.006, r=0.006, r=0.93; 95% CI), nutritional status (p=0.001 r=0.89; 95% CI), and age (p=0.014 r= 0.38; 95% CI) with physical activity. On the other hand, the gender (p=0.091, r=0.27; 95% CI) and school category (p=0.172 r=0.03; 95% CI) do not affect physical activity. Conclusion: The schools should provide students' physical activity guidance in collaboration with parents which can be trained at home to reduce the sedentary behavior among students during the Covid pandemic.
Social determinants of patiromer adherence and abandonment: An observational, retrospective, real-world claims analysis
Authors: Kleinman Nathan , Kammerer Jennifer , LaGuerre Kevin , Thakar Charuhas V. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Hyperkalemia is a frequent and serious complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that can impede continuation of beneficial evidence-based therapies. Recently, novel therapies such as patiromer have been developed to treat chronic hyperkalemia, but their optimal utility hinges on adherence. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are critically important and can impact both medical conditions and treatment prescription adherence. This analysis examines SDOH and their influence on adherence to patiromer or abandonment of prescriptions for hyperkalemia treatment.

Methods
This was an observational, retrospective, real-world claims analysis of adults with patiromer prescriptions and 6- and 12-months pre- and post-index prescription data in Symphony Health’s Dataverse during 2015–2020, and SDOH from census data. Subgroups included patients with heart failure (HF), hyperkalemia-confounding prescriptions, and any CKD stages. Adherence was defined as >80% of proportion of days covered (PDC) for ≥60 days and ≥6 months, and abandonment as a portion of reversed claims. Quasi-Poisson regression modeled the impact of independent variables on PDC. Abandonment models used logistic regression, controlling for similar factors and initial days’ supply. Statistical significance was p<0.05.

Results
48% of patients at 60 days and 25% at 6 months had a patiromer PDC >80%. Higher PDC was associated with older age, males, Medicare/Medicaid coverage, nephrologist prescribed, and those receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. Lower PDC correlated with higher out-of-pocket cost, unemployment, poverty, disability, and any CKD stage with comorbid HF. PDC was better in regions with higher education and income.

Conclusions
SDOH (unemployment, poverty, education, income) and health indicators (disability, comorbid CKD, HF) were associated with low PDC. Prescription abandonment was higher in patients with prescribed higher dose, higher out-of-pocket costs, those with disability, or designated White. Key demographic, social, and other factors play a role in drug adherence when treating life-threatening abnormalities such as hyperkalemia and may influence patient outcomes.
Baltasar do Couto Cardoso
Authors: Maia Helder Thiago 
Published: March 2023

Neste artigo, após breve apresentação sobre os estudos literários em torno das “donzelas-guerreiras”, e sobre o lugar ocupado por Baltasar do Couto Cardoso/Maria Úrsula de Abreu e Lencastro (1682-1730) dentro dessa perspectiva crítica, examinamos os primeiros textos históricos portugueses, brasileiros e luso-goeses a narrarem a sua vida, com especial interesse às repetições e rupturas entre essas narrativas. Foram lidos e discutidos dezessete textos publicados entre 1718 e 1928. Por fim, analisamos, em diálogo com os documentos históricos, A Senhora de Pangim (1932), de Gustavo Barroso, único romance a narrar a personagem histórica de Baltasar/Maria Úrsula.
amor entre mulheres negras é um ato revolucionário
Authors: Amaral Amanda Nunes do , Camargo Flávio Pereira 
Published: March 2023

Assim como o sexismo e o racismo são experimentados de diferentes formas e em diferentes níveis de intensidade pelas mulheres negras em relação às mulheres brancas e aos homens negros, também a LGBT+fobia terá uma configuração diferente quando enfrentada pela mulher negra. Como nos ensina Glória Anzaldúa (2000, p. 229): “A lésbica de cor não é somente invisível, ela não existe”. Em “Beijo na face”, conto presente na obra Olhos d’água (2016), Conceição Evaristo nos fornece meios para refletir sobre as rupturas que um corpo negro feminino promove no sistema social brancocêntrico e heteronormativo, quando, além de não se submeter ao discurso hegemônico no âmbito étnico-racial, também não o faz no âmbito da afetividade e da sexualidade. O campo semântico do conto é constantemente atravessado pela metaforização de um amor genuíno, em sua simbiose com a dor da interdição. Um amor que é, antes de tudo, um gesto de insubmissão.