bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft Electronic Block Copolymer Elastomer Composites for Multi‐Material Printing of Stretchable Physiological Sensors on Textiles
Authors: Pless Christian J. , Nikzad Shayla , Papiano Irene , Gnanadass Samson , Kadumudi Firoz B. , Dolatshahi‐Pirouz Alireza , Thomsen Carsten Eckhart , Lind Johan U. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSoft and stretchable electronic materials have a number of unique applications, not least within sensors for monitoring human health. Through development of appropriate inks, micro‐extrusion 3D printing offers an appealing route for integrating soft electronic materials within wearable garments. Toward this objective, here a series of conductive inks based on soft thermoplastic styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene elastomers combined with silver micro‐flakes, carbon black nanoparticles, or poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conducting polymer additives, is developed. Their electrical and mechanical properties are systematically compared and found to be highly dependent on additive amount and type. Thus, while silver composites offer the highest conductivity, their stretchability is far inferior to carbon black composites, which can maintain conductivity beyond 400% strain. The PEDOT composites are the least conductive and stretchable but display unique properties due to their propensity for ionic conductivity. To integrate these inks, as well as insulating counterparts, into functional designs, a multi‐material micro‐extrusion 3D printing routine for direct deposition onto stretchable, elastic fabrics is established. As demonstration, prototypes are produced for sensing common health markers including strain, physiological temperatures, and electrocardiograms. Collectively, this work demonstrates multi‐material 3D printing of soft styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene elastomer composites as a versatile method for fabricating soft bio‐sensors.
Oxygen Scavenging in HfZrOx‐Based n/p‐FeFETs for Switching Voltage Scaling and Endurance/Retention Improvement
Authors: Kim Bong Ho , Kuk Song‐Hyeon , Kim Seong Kwang , Kim Joon Pyo , Suh Yoon‐Je , Jeong Jaeyong , Geum Dae‐Myeong , Baek Seung‐Hyub , Kim Sang Hyeon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe authors demonstrate improved switching voltage, retention, and endurance properties in HfZrOx (HZO)‐based n/p‐ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) via oxygen scavenging. Oxygen scavenging using titanium (Ti) in the gate stack successfully reduce the thickness of interfacial oxide between HZO and Si and the oxygen vacancy at the bottom interface of the HZO film. The n/p‐FeFETs with scavenging exhibit an immediate read‐after‐write with stable retention property and improved endurance property. In particular, n‐FeFET with scavenging exhibits excellent endurance property that does not show breakdown up to 1010 cycles. The charge trapping model in the n/p‐FeFETs is presented to explain why the effect of oxygen scavenging is more pronounced in n‐FeFET than in p‐FeFET. Finally, further switching voltage scaling potential is estimated by scavenging and HZO thickness scaling. It is believed that this work contributes to the development of low‐power FeFET and the understanding of FeFET operation.
Highly Sensitive Piezoelectric E‐Skin Design Based on Electromechanical Coupling Concept
Authors: Yang Xiaopeng , Zhang Menglun , Xie Mengying , Sun Mingchao , Luo Hexu , Li Quanning , Chen Xuejiao , Pang Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStretchable electronic skin (e‐skin) paves the way for applications that exceed the scope of intrinsic rigid devices and hard‐to‐stretch sensors. The broad application range of flexible e‐skins benefits from device architectures that can simultaneously provide mechanical flexibility and superior sensitivity. Classic fractal design provides a simple architecture to achieve the desired flexibility through structural design for improved wear comfort, but at the expense of sensor sensitivity. In this study, the proposed method addresses the trade‐off between stretchability and sensitivity in fractal design. A high‐sensitivity e‐skin is obtained by eliminating the effect of negative charge on the output by applying the concept of electromechanical coupling. This concept for designing e‐skins with high sensitivity is validated through the delicate patterning of hard‐to‐stretch functional materials. Further, human speech signals are acquired through the integration of e‐skin with signal processing circuits, and speech pattern recognition is realized using machine learning. The stretchable e‐skin with an enhanced gauge factor illustrates the wider application of this concept for improving the sensitivity of stretchable electronic functional materials.
DFNet: Dense fusion convolution neural network for plant leaf disease classification
Authors: Faisal Muhamad , Leu Jenq‐Shiou , Avian Cries , Prakosa Setya Widyawan , Köppen Mario 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe early identification of plant diseases is crucial for preventing the loss of crop production. Recently, the advancement of deep learning has significantly improved the identification of plant leaf diseases. However, most approaches depend on a single convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract the leaf features, ignoring the opportunity to take full advantage of the feature richness available in the images. This paper explores a novel CNN model with multiple automated feature extractors, namely, dense fusion CNN (DFNet), for classifying plant leaf diseases. DFNet aims to increase the diversity of extracted features in order to improve discrimination. Instead of using a single‐CNN model, DFNet relies on a double‐pretrained CNN model, MobileNetV2 and NASNetMobile, as the feature extractor. The features extracted from each CNN are fused in the fusion layer using a fully connected network. The proposed method was evaluated using corn (Zea mays L.) and coffee (Coffea canephora) leaf disease datasets and compared to the existing models. The experiment showed that DFNet is superior and consistent to other CNN methods by achieving an accuracy of 97.53% for corn leaf diseases and 94.65% for coffee leaf diseases.
Physical attractiveness and cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Bulczak Grzegorz , Gugushvili Alexi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThere is only limited evidence suggesting that physical attractiveness and individuals' actual health are causally linked. Past studies demonstrate that characteristics related to physical attractiveness are more likely to be present in healthy individuals, including those with better cardiovascular and metabolic health, yet many of these studies do not account for individuals' initial health and socioeconomic characteristics, which are related to both physical attractiveness and later life health.MethodsWe use panel survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health in the United States to examine the relationship between interviewer‐rated in‐person physical attractiveness and actual cardiometabolic risk (CMR) based on a set of relevant biomarkers: LDL cholesterol, glucose mg/dL, C‐reactive protein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate.ResultsWe identify a robust relationship between individuals' physical attractiveness and 10‐year follow up actual health measured by the levels of CMR. Individuals of above‐average attractiveness appear to be noticeably healthier than those who are described as having average attractiveness. We find that individuals' gender and race/ethnicity do not have a major effect on the described relationship. The link between physical attractiveness and health is affected by interviewers' main demographic characteristics. We carefully address the possibility of confounders affecting our results including sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, cognitive and personality traits, initial health problems and BMI.ConclusionOur findings are largely in line with the evolutionary perspective which assumes that physical attractiveness is linked to individuals' biological health. Being perceived as physically attractive might also imply, among other aspects, high levels of satisfaction with life, self‐confidence and ease of finding intimate partners, all of which can positively affect individuals' health.
Calprotectin in chronic rhinosinusitis eosinophil extracellular traps
Authors: Ahn Sang Hyeon , Shin Kyu Ha , Oh Jun Taek , Park Sang Chul , Rha Min‐Seok , Kim Soo In , Cho Hyung‐Ju , Yoon Joo‐Heon , Kim Chang‐Hoon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCalprotectin is an antimicrobial peptide primarily secreted by neutrophils. Furthermore, calprotectin secretion increases in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with polyps (CRSwNP) and positively correlates with neutrophil markers. However, CRSwNP is known to be associated with type 2 inflammation related to tissue eosinophilia. Therefore, the authors investigated calprotectin expression in eosinophils and eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) and explored the associations between tissue calprotectin and the clinical findings of patients with CRS.MethodsA total of 63 patients participated, and patients diagnosed with CRS were classified based on the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (JESREC) score. The authors performed hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence with calprotectin, myeloperoxidase (MPO), major basic protein (MBP), and citrullinated histone H3 with the participant's tissues. Finally, correlations between calprotectin and the clinical data were examined.ResultsCalprotectin‐positive cells are co‐localized not only in MPO‐positive cells but also in MBP‐positive cells in human tissues. Calprotectin was also involved in EETs and neutrophil extracellular traps. The number of calprotectin‐positive cells in the tissue was positively correlated with the number of tissue and blood eosinophils. In addition, calprotectin in the tissue is associated with the olfactory function, Lund–Mackay computed tomography score, and JESREC score.ConclusionsCalprotectin, known to be secreted by neutrophils, in CRS was also expressed in eosinophils. In addition, calprotectin, which functions as an antimicrobial peptide, may play an important role in the innate immune response based on its EET involvement. Therefore, calprotectin expression could reflect as a disease severity biomarker for CRS.
Cortical tau is associated with microstructural imaging biomarkers of neurite density and dendritic complexity in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Weston Philip S. J. , Coath William , Harris Matthew J. , Malone Ian B. , Dickson John , Aigbirhio Franklin I. , Cash David M. , Zhang Hui , Schott Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn Alzheimer's disease (AD), hyperphosphorylated tau is closely associated with focal neurodegeneration, but the mechanism remains uncertain.MethodsWe quantified cortical microstructure using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in 14 individuals with young onset AD. Diffusion tensor imaging measured mean diffusivity (MD). Amyloid beta and tau positron emission tomography were acquired and associations with microstructural measures were assessed.ResultsWhen regional volume was adjusted for, in the medial temporal lobe there was a significant negative association between neurite density and tau (partial R2 = 0.56, p = 0.008) and between orientation dispersion and tau (partial R2 = 0.66, p = 0.002), but not between MD and tau. In a wider cortical composite, there was an association between orientation dispersion and tau (partial R2 = 0.43, p = 0.030), but not between other measures and tau.DiscussionOur findings are consistent with tau causing first dendritic pruning (reducing dispersion/complexity) followed by neuronal loss. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) microstructural measures have the potential to provide information relating to underlying tau deposition.
Co‐design of dementia prevention program for Aboriginal Australians (DAMPAA)
Authors: Mateo‐Arriero Irene , Lalovic Alexander , Dowden Glennette , Markey Lesley , Cox Kay L. , Flicker Leon , Bessarab Dawn , Thompson Sandra , Kickett Carmel , Woods Deborah , Pestell Carmela F. , Edgill Paula , Etherton‐Beer Christopher , Smith Kate 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionDementia is highly prevalent in older Aboriginal Australians, with several modifiable risk factors. Currently, there is limited evidence on how to prevent cognitive decline in Aboriginal Australians.MethodsBased on our Theory of Change (ToC) framework, we co‐developed the Dementia risk management and prevention program for Aboriginal Australians (DAMPAA) aged over 45 years in partnership with Aboriginal community‐controlled organizations (ACCOs) and Elders. Qualitative data were collected through ACCO staff workshops, Elders yarning, and governance groups to inform the protocol. Additionally, we conducted a small pilot study.ResultsExpected DAMPAA ToC outcomes are: (1) improved daily function, (2) better cardiovascular risk management, (3) falls reduction, (4) improved quality of life, and (5) reduced cognitive decline. Attendance enablers are social interaction, environment, exercise type/level, and logistics.DiscussionFindings suggest that ToC is an effective collaborative approach for co‐designing Aboriginal health programs.
A Simple Colorimetric Au‐on‐Au Tip Sensor with a New Functional Nucleic Acid Probe for Food‐borne Pathogen Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Li Jiuxing , Khan Shadman , Gu Jimmy , Filipe Carlos D. M. , Didar Tohid F. , Li Yingfu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn Au‐on‐Au tip sensor is developed for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium (Salmonella), using a new synthetic nucleic acid probe (NAP) as a linker for the immobilization of a DNA‐conjugated Au nanoparticle (AuNP) onto a DNA‐attached thin Au layer inside a pipette tip. In the presence of Salmonella, RNase H2 from Salmonella (STH2) cleaves the NAP and the freed DNA‐conjugated AuNP can be visually detected by a paper strip. This portable biosensor does not require any electronic, electrochemical or optical equipment. It delivers a detection limit of 3.2×103 CFU mL−1 for Salmonella in 1 h without cell‐culturing or signal amplification and does not show cross‐reactivity with several control bacteria. Further, the sensor reliably detects Salmonella spiked in food samples, such as ground beef and chicken, milk, and eggs. The sensor can be reused and is stable at ambient temperature, showing its potential as a point‐of‐need device for the prevention of food poisoning by Salmonella.
Electrocatalytically Activating and Reducing N2 Molecule by Tuning Activity of Local Hydrogen Radical
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Hu Cejun , Shan Jieqiong , Cheng Chuanqi , Han Lili , Li Xinzhe , Wang Ruguang , Xie Wei , Zheng Yao , Ling Tao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDecarbonizing N2 conversion is particularly challenging, but essential for sustainable development of industry and agriculture. Herein, we achieve electrocatalytic activation/reduction of N2 on X/Fe−N−C (X=Pd, Ir and Pt) dual‐atom catalysts under ambient condition. We provide solid experimental evidence that local hydrogen radical (H*) generated on the X site of the X/Fe−N−C catalysts can participate in the activation/reduction of N2 adsorbed on the Fe site. More importantly, we reveal that the reactivity of X/Fe−N−C catalysts for N2 activation/reduction can be well adjusted by the activity of H* generated on the X site, i.e., the interaction between the X−H bond. Specifically, X/Fe−N−C catalyst with the weakest X−H bonding exhibits the highest H* activity, which is beneficial to the subsequent cleavage of X−H bond for N2 hydrogenation. With the most active H*, the Pd/Fe dual‐atom site promotes the turnover frequency of N2 reduction by up to 10 times compared with the pristine Fe site.
Dearomatization‐Rearomatization Reaction of Metal‐Polarized Aza‐ortho‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Wang Bao‐Cheng , Rao Li , Fang Kai‐Xin , Qu Bao‐Le , Xiong Fen‐Ya , Feng Ying , Tan Ying , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMetal‐polarized aza‐ortho‐quinone methides (aza‐o‐QMs) are a unique and efficient handle for azaheterocycle synthesis. Despite great achievements, the potential of these reactive intermediates has not yet been fully exploited, especially the new reaction modes. Herein, we disclosed an unprecedented dearomatization process of metal‐polarized aza‐o‐QMs, affording transient dearomatized spiroaziridine intermediates. Based on this serendipity, we accomplished three sequential dearomatization‐rearomatization reactions of benzimidazolines with aza‐sulfur ylides, enabling the divergent synthesis of bis‐nitrogen heterocycles with high efficiency and flexibility. Moreover, experimental and theoretical studies were performed to explain the proposed mechanisms and observed selectivity. Further cellular evaluation of the dibenzodiazepine products identified a hit compound for new antitumor drugs.
Monitoring the Reversibility of GPCR Signaling by Combining Photochromic Ligands with Label‐free Impedance Analysis
Authors: Wirth Ulrike , Erl Julia , Azzam Saphia , Höring Carina , Skiba Michael , Singh Ritu , Hochmuth Kathrin , Keller Max , Wegener Joachim , König Burkhard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractG protein‐coupled cell surface receptors (GPCR) trigger complex intracellular signaling cascades upon agonist binding. Classic pharmacological assays provide information about binding affinities, activation or blockade at different stages of the signaling cascade, but real time dynamics and reversibility of these processes remain often disguised. We show that combining photochromic NPY receptor ligands, which can be toggled in their receptor activation ability by irradiation with light of different wavelengths, with whole cell label‐free impedance assays allows observing the cell response to receptor activation and its reversibility over time. The concept demonstrated on NPY receptors may be well applicable to many other GPCRs providing a deeper insight into the time course of intracellular signaling processes.
Spin‐Enhanced O−H Cleavage in Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Huang Qing , Xie Shijie , Hao Jinjie , Ding Zijing , Zhang Chuang , Sheng Hua , Zhao Jincai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHerein we report the vital role of spin polarization in proton‐transfer‐mediated water oxidation over a magnetized catalyst. During the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over ferrimagnetic Fe3O4, the external magnetic field induced a remarkable increase in the OER current, however, this increment achieved in weakly alkaline pH (pH 9) was almost 20 times that under strongly alkaline conditions (pH 14). The results of the surface modification experiment and H/D kinetic isotope effect investigation confirm that, at weakly alkaline pH, during the nucleophilic attack of FeIV=O by molecular water, the magnetized Fe3O4 catalyst polarizes the spin states of the nucleophilic attacking intermediates. The spin‐enhanced singlet O−H cleavage and triplet O−O bonding occur synergistically, which promotes the O2 generation more significantly than the strongly alkaline case involving only spin‐enhanced O−O bonding.
Lipophilicity Modulations by Fluorination Correlate with Membrane Partitioning
Authors: Wang Zhong , Felstead Hannah R. , Troup Robert I. , Linclau Bruno , Williamson Philip T. F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBioactive compounds generally need to cross membranes to arrive at their site of action. The octanol‐water partition coefficient (lipophilicity, logPOW) has proven to be an excellent proxy for membrane permeability. In modern drug discovery, logPOW and bioactivity are optimized simultaneously, for which fluorination is one of the relevant strategies. The question arises as to which extent the often subtle logP modifications resulting from different aliphatic fluorine‐motif introductions also lead to concomitant membrane permeability changes, given the difference in molecular environment between octanol and (anisotropic) membranes. It was found that for a given compound class, there is excellent correlation between logPOW values with the corresponding membrane molar partitioning coefficients (logKp); a study enabled by novel solid‐state 19F NMR MAS methodology using lipid vesicles. Our results show that the factors that cause modulation of octanol‐water partition coefficients similarly affect membrane permeability.
Detachable Porous Organic Polymers Responsive to Light and Heat
Authors: Diao Ze‐Jiu , Liu Si‐Yi , Wen Hui , Liu Guoliang , Yang Tao , Li Jing‐Jing , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStimuli‐responsive porous materials have captured much attention due to the on‐demand tunable properties. Most reported stimuli‐responsive porous materials are based on molecule isomerism or host‐guest interaction, and it is highly desired to develop new types based on different responsive mechanism. Herein, inspired by natural cells which have the ability to fuse and divide induced by external stimulation, we report a new type of stimuli‐responsive porous material based on detachment mechanism. A detachable porous organic polymer, namely DT‐POP‐1, is fabricated from the polymerization of anthracene‐containing monomer (AnMon) when irradiated by 365 nm UV light. DT‐POP‐1 can detach into the monomer AnMon when irradiated with 275 nm UV light or heat. Such polymerization/detachment is reversible. The detachment results in a big difference in porosity and adsorption capacity, making the present detachable porous polymer highly promising in adsorptive separation and drug delivery.
Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells laden hydrogels made from carboxymethyl chitosan and oxidized hyaluronic acid for wound healing
Authors: Kong Shaowen , Song Jie , Wang Yuandou , Wang Shuxin , Su Feng , Li Suming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA dynamic hydrogel was prepared from N,O‐carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) and oxidized aldehyde‐containing hyaluronic acid (A‐HA) by Schiff base reaction. The resulted NOCC/A‐HA hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rheological, swelling, and self‐healing properties of hydrogels were determined. The hydrogels present interconnected porous structure, high swelling rate, and outstanding self‐healing capacity. The biocompatibility of hydrogels was evidenced by MTT assay and zebrafish embryonic toxicity test. Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CB‐MNC) were encapsulated in the hydrogel. High cell viability above 50% was obtained after 21 days culture. A mouse scald model was realized to evaluate the potential of cell laden hydrogel in wound healing. Compared to the control group and the hydrogel group, the cell laden hydrogel group exhibits faster epidermal regeneration, reduced inflammation and more neovascularization. Therefore, NOCC/A‐HA hydrogels encapsulating CB‐MNC could be a promising therapy in the treatment of burns or scalds.