bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apprendre au travail : rôles et questions didactiques posées, une modalité de transmission dans la formation professionnelle
Authors: Veillard Laurent 
Published: April 2023

L’apprentissage par le travail a toujours constitué un élément central de la formation professionnelle au sein des structures compagnonniques. Au-delà de cette institution particulière, cet article questionne la place et le rôle de l’apprentissage en situation de travail dans les cursus de formation professionnelle en France depuis la période précédant le début de la phase d’industrialisation. La perspective retenue est didactique et historique, au sens où sont étudiés les liens établis à différentes époques, dans les débats et les pratiques de formation, entre les caractéristiques du travail, celles des savoirs nécessaires à l’exercice de celui-ci et les modalités de transmission à mettre en place pour acquérir ces savoirs, dont en particulier l’apprentissage en situation de travail. Trois périodes, caractérisées par des conceptions et des pratiques différentes, sont mises en évidence : la période précédant la phase d’industrialisation, caractérisée par l’apprentissage sur le tas comme modalité quasi-unique d’acquisition d’un métier ; la mise en place progressive d’un système principalement scolaire de formation, délégitimant l’apprentissage en situation de travail à partir de la fin du 19e et jusque dans les années 1970 ; enfin, la période actuelle qui plébiscite les formations en alternance et donc la combinaison de phases d’enseignements en école et d’apprentissage en situation de travail. Dans la dernière partie de l’article, quelques problématiques didactiques majeures posées par l’alternance sont discutées, incluant des propositions pour les traiter qui sont issues des recherches développées en didactique professionnelle.
Cardioprotective effects of Pinus eldarica bark extract on adrenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Safaeian Leila , Haghighatian Zahra , Zolfaghari Behzad , Amindeldar Mahdi 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
To investigate the effect of Pinus eldarica bark extract on adrenaline-induced myocardial infarction.

Methods:
Hydroalcoholic extract was prepared using maceration method and its total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-ciocalteu method. Pretreatment was done by oral administration of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg Pinus eldarica bark extract for 16 days in male Wistar rats. Injection of adrenaline (2 mg/kg, s.c.) was performed on the 15th and 16th days for induction of myocardial infarction. Lead II EEG was recorded. Serum cardiac marker enzymes and antioxidative parameters were evaluated and a histopathological examination of heart tissues was performed.

Results:
Pretreatment with Pinus eldarica bark extract especially at its high doses significantly lowered the ST-segment elevation, improved heart rate, and decreased RR interval in ECG pattern of rats with adrenaline-induced myocardial infarction. It declined serum markers of heart damage including aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase-MB, and also decreased lipid peroxidation marker, and heart weight while raising total antioxidant capacity and considerably improved histopathological alterations of the heart induced by adrenaline.

Conclusions:

Pinus eldarica bark extract shows beneficial cardioprotective and antioxidant effects against adrenaline-induced myocardial infarction. It can be further explored as a potential treatment for myocardial infarction.
Hybrid-based bat optimization with fuzzy C-means algorithm for breast cancer analysis
Authors: Valliappa Chocko , Rajendran Reenadevi , Balasubramaniam Sathiyabhama , Sennan Sankar , Thanikachalam Sathiya , Velmurugan Yuvarajan , Sampath Kumar Nirmalesh Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer among women and early identification can reduce the mortality rate drastically. Feature selection is one of the significant tasks in the breast cancer analysis process. Several types of feature selection algorithms have been implemented to select the most appropriate feature for breast cancer analysis. However, they have to take a longer time to converge, over-fitting problems and providing less accuracy. Hence, a hybrid bat optimization algorithm combined with chaotic maps and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm (BSCFC) is proposed for feature selection.

Aims and Objectives:
An integrated optimized bat optimization algorithm combined with chaotic maps and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm (BSCFC) is proposed to determine the relevant feature. Materials and Methods: Breast cancer mini-Mammographic Image Analysis Society database (MIAS) dataset is used for analysis. Further, median filters are used for preprocessing, Region of Interest (ROI) was utilized for segmentation, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and texture analysis are utilized in the feature extraction process. A hybrid bat optimization algorithm combined with chaotic maps and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm (BSCFC) is proposed for feature selection. K nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier is used for classification.

Results:
Performance of the proposed system is evaluated using standard measures and achieved the highest accuracy rate of (98.2%), specificity of (97.3%), and sensitivity of (98.3%) as compared to other relevant methods such as bat, chaotic bat, chaotic crow search, ant lion optimization, and chaotic ant lion optimization algorithm.

Conclusion:
The proposed BSCFC algorithm is designed to improve the performance of convergence speed and control balance between exploration and exploitation rate using five types of chaotic maps namely sinusoidal, sine, gauss, logistic, and tent maps. The results show that the BSCFC with sinusoidal maps can significantly boost the classification performance of the BSCFC algorithm in classifying the breast cancer images with reduced features, which in turn optimizes the radiologists' time for their interpretation.
Relationship between Frailty, Glycemic Control, and Nutritional Status among the Elderly with Diabetes Mellitus Residing in an Urban Community of Mysuru
Authors: Kulkarni Praveen , Babu Poorvika K. , Vanmathi A. , Ashwini A. , Murthy M. R. Narayana 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
In India, the elderly (aged 60 and above) constitute 8.2% of the total population and are expected to increase to 10% by the year 2020. Globally, around 450 million people are suffering from diabetes mellitus. Frailty is regarded as a predisability state and, therefore, if identified early, may avert many adverse health outcomes in the elderly. Diabetes and frailty are found to be close associates.

Materials and Methods:
This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 elderlies with diabetes mellitus residing in an urban slum situated in Mysuru for a period of 6 months. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the information on sociodemographic characteristics and details of diabetes. The Tilburg’s Frailty Scale was used to assess frailty, and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale was used to assess the nutritional status.

Results:
The prevalence of frailty among the study population was 53.8%. 51% of the subjects were found to have their glycemic status under control, 16.3% were malnourished, and 70.2% were at risk of malnutrition (RMN). The majority of the subjects with malnourishment were frail (76.5%) followed by those at RMN, 36 (49.3%). Gender, marital status, engaging in occupation, socio economic status, poor glycemic control were found to be significantly associated with frailty.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of frailty is significantly higher among elderly diabetics. The poorer glycemic control is a significant factor associated with frailty, and malnourished elderlies are more at risk of developing frailty.
Thyroid Dysfunction
Authors: Usha S. M. R. , Bindu C. M. , Chandrika N. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Perimenopause phase of a woman’s life is featured by decline in the ovarian activity, predisposing her to several health consequences. The signs and symptoms of thyroid disorders simulate those of menopausal features which may go unnoticed and can cause untoward complications in these women.

Aims and Objective:
The primary objective is to screen women of perimenopausal age for thyroid disorders. The secondary objective is to examine the variations in thyroid hormone levels in these women with advancing age.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and forty-eight apparently healthy women between the age group of 46 and 55 years were study subjects. They were divided into, Group I which constituted women between 46 and 50 years and Group II consisted of women between 51 and 55 years. Thyroid profile comprising serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum total triiodothyronine (T3), and serum total thyroxine (T4) were estimated for all the women recruited in the study.

Results:
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and overt hypothyroidism (OH) were detected in 22 and 8 women who constituted 14.9% and 5.4%, respectively, of the total women populace. In Group I, it was noted that 17.1% and 1.8% of women were suffering from SCH and OH, respectively. In Group II, while 8.1% of the women had SCH, 16.2% of women had progressed to OH. TSH levels were significantly higher (P = 0.002) in women of Group II than in Group I, suggesting increase in TSH levels with advancing age.

Conclusion:
Screening of perimenopausal women for thyroid disorders will assure timely detection and proper management which will aid in reducing the morbidity and associated complications.
The impact of project diabetes with dignity intervention on knowledge and quality of life among adults with diabetes in a rural Indian setting
Authors: Nazar Gaurang P. , Arora Monika , Gupta Vinay Kumar , Rawal Tina , Chugh Aastha , Shrivastava Surbhi , Dhore Prasanna , Bhatt Anjali , Deshpande Shailesh R. , Unnikrishnan A. G. 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
Inadequate knowledge about diabetes leads to its under-diagnosis and sub-optimal control. We studied the impact of project diabetes with dignity (DWD) intervention on knowledge and quality of life (QoL) among adults with diabetes in a rural Indian setting.

Methods:
DWD was a community-based, quasi-experimental trial conducted with 416 participants (30–70 years) with diabetes across two Primary Health Centers (one intervention; one control) in Western India, over a year. The intervention involved monthly home visits, patient/caregiver, and community-based awareness-raising activities by trained accredited social health activists (ASHAs) workers. Differences in changes in knowledge about: Diabetes, symptoms, management, and complications, and QoL between participants in the intervention versus control areas, from baseline to end-line, were assessed using a questionnaire and analyzed via mixed-effects regression models.

Results:
About 52% of patients belonged to the intervention group. There was a significant increase in knowledge about diagnosis/management among participants in intervention group (31.48% [95% confidence interval (CI) 24.52–38.43] to 59.55% [52.52–66.58]) versus a decline in the control group (40.73% [33.40–48.07] to 27.95% [19.40–34.50]) (P < 0.001). Similar improvements in intervention group were observed for knowledge about symptoms/complications of diabetes. For QoL, percentage of patients having some self-care problems showed a higher decline in intervention group (29.46% to 6.98%) versus control group (4.85% to 3.55%) (P = 0.005). Reduction in anxiety/depression was significant in the intervention versus control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
DWD was effective in improving QoL and diabetes knowledge which are key to prevent disease progression/complications in the intervention compared to the control group. Capacity-building of community health workers such as ASHAs, for the prevention and management of diabetes in rural settings, is recommended.
Adherence of chronic disease care during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Behera Surama Manjari , Pradhan Somen Kumar , Pati Sanghamitra , Behera Priyamadhaba , Kanungo Srikanta , Patro Binod Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Background:
With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have become even more critical as NCDs are major risk factors for patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this study was planned with the following objectives: (i) To assess adherence with chronic disease care among patients with NCDs. (ii) To determine the factors associated with adherence with chronic disease care among patients with NCDs during COVID-19 nationwide lockdown.

Materials and Methods:
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in the NCD prevention clinic of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, during July 2020–August 2020. A total of 210 patients were studied. Patients were interviewed both at the clinic and telephonically; those who had scheduled visits did not make it. Out of 210 patients, 105 participants were interviewed face to face in the hospital in the NCD prevention clinic. The other 105 patients were interviewed telephonically who did not attend the clinic during follow-up.

Results:
All the participants (210) had diabetes mellitus, and 44.8% of participants had accompanying hypertension. One-fourth of participants could not follow the dietary practices advised by the doctor during the lockdown. Similarly, 42% of participants could not maintain moderate-intensity physical activity (30 min) during the lockdown period. The period prevalence of nonadherence to prescribed drugs/medicines in our sample was 45.71% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 38.84–52.71). Participants with more than one NCDs had a 52% less chance to stop the drugs/medications during the national lockdown period than participants with one NCD (adjusted odds ratio 0.48, 95% CI 0.27–0.83).

Conclusions:
The continuum of chronic disease care of NCD patients has been affected by COVID-19 nationwide lockdown. Appropriate planning and provision of chronic disease care are essential during the lockdown and similar situations.
Punjab substance abuse prevention model
Authors: Thakur J. S. , Jaswal Nidhi 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Extensive work has been done in the state of Punjab regarding the treatment of substance abuse, but focus on prevention was lacking. De-addiction services are being provided in almost each and every district of Punjab. A strong prevention and control component, i.e., prevention strategy along with de-addiction services, is crucial for desired impact. An attempt was made to develop a statewide prevention strategy against substance abuse in the state of Punjab, India, on the request of the state government.

Materials and Methods:
The plan of the prevention model was prepared based on the situation analysis, stakeholders' workshops, and consultative meetings with various key stakeholders from the state of Punjab.

Results:
One in seven (~15%) people in Punjab were currently dependent on any substance, including licit and illicit. This figure, when compared in a global context was much higher than expected. Overall substance use was predominant in men and significantly more common in rural areas. The prevention strategy in Punjab named 'Punjab Substance abuse Prevention Plan (P-SAP)' will have a holistic approach focusing on health promotion and continuum of care approach (Prevention-Treatment-Rehabilitation) targeting Supply-Demand-Harm reduction Measures. It is the first of its kind of inclusive multi-sectoral model that aims to prevent substance abuse at village, block, district and state level. Implementation requires political and administrative will with participation of all political parties and key stakeholders. Life skill education should be introduced in school education and should become part of curriculum. The state should ensure the institutional framework and mechanism for their participation and adequate resources for effective implementation.

Conclusion:
This model should be implemented in the state and can be tried and adapted in other states of India and low- and middle-income countries.
Compliance with face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a community observational study in Singapore
Authors: Ong Sean Wei Xiang , Tang Ying Wei , Linn Kyaw Zaw , Huan Xiao Wei , Lim Allie , Poon Chu Ying , Tan Danielle Hui Ru , Hamed Nur Hafizah Binte , Syed Husen Sharifah Farhanah Binte , Ong Clara Chong Hui , Chan Monica , Vasoo Shawn , Leo Yee-Sin , Ng Oon-Tek , Marimuthu Kalisvar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Widespread mask use is an important intervention for control of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. However, data on the factors affecting mask use are lacking. In this observational study, we evaluated the proportion of and factors influencing face mask use and related hygiene practices.

Methods:
We observed randomly selected members from the public in 367 venues across Singapore, and recorded the proportion of individuals with full compliance with mask use and mask hygiene (hand hygiene before and after touching the mask or face). Logistic regression analyses were used to determine variables associated with mask and hand hygiene compliance.

Results:
We made 3,821 observations — 2,149 (56.2%) females, 3,569 (93.4%) adults (≥21 years), 212 (5.5%) children (6–20 years) and 40 (1.0%) children (2–5 years). The overall full compliance rate (correct mask use), poor compliance rate (incorrect mask use) and absent mask use were 84.5%, 12.9% and 2.6%, respectively. The factors — male gender, fabric mask usage and crowded indoor venues — were associated with lower mask compliance. Face or mask touching behaviour was observed in 10.7% and 13.7% of individuals observed, respectively. Only one individual performed hand hygiene before and after touching the mask.

Conclusion:
The rate of mask compliance was high, probably due to legislation mandating mask usage. However, specific factors and crowded indoor venues associated with lower mask compliance were identified. We also noted an issue with the absence of hand hygiene before and after face or mask touching. These issues may benefit from targeted public health messaging.
Intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: Experience from the pediatric ophthalmology referral center in Malaysia with literature review
Authors: Wai Yong Zheng , Radhakrishnan Dhanya Menon , Lingam Ganeshwara , Hamzah Norhafizah , Rahmat Jamalia 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE:
We aimed to analyze our 4-year experience of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for retinoblastoma (RB) and to examine the tumor response, globe salvage, mortality, and safety profile of IAC in the Malaysian profile.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a retrospective, interventional case series. A total of 22 eyes of 20 patients with RB who underwent IAC using melphalan and topotecan from January 2018 to December 2021 in Hospital Kuala Lumpur were retrospectively reviewed. Tumor response, globe salvage, mortality, and safety profile of IAC were compared based on the International Classification of Retinoblastoma.

RESULTS:
The mean patient age at IAC was 21.3 months. An overall globe salvage rate of 63.6% was observed: more specifically, 100% for Group A, 75% for Groups B and C, 66.7% for Group D, and 42.9% for Group E. Poor tumor response after IAC was significantly associated with a lesser chance of globe salvage (P = 0.045). The overall rate of good tumor response following IAC was 77.3%. Specifically, rates of good tumor response in each group were 100%, 75%, 75%, 83.3% and 71.4% in group A, B, C, D and E, respectively. The mortality rate was 5%. Complications (per-catheterization) included cerebral infarct (2.2%), oxygen desaturation (2.2%), vomiting (26.1%), periorbital edema (8.8%), ptosis (6.5%), fever, femoral hematoma, and hyperpigmentation over lid (4.4% each).

CONCLUSION:
Four-year experience showed that IAC is a safe and effective method for RB management. Patients with a poor response after IAC may have a lower chance of globe salvage. Careful patient selection is of utmost importance to achieve the best outcome in a setting of limited health-care resources.
Analysis of the Socio-Economic Conditions and Living Arrangements of Aged Widows of Rural Sindh
Authors: Mugheri Mr. Ali Raza , Khushik Dr. Ali Gul , Qadeer Zareen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract This paper presents outcomes of a study that was conducted to assess myriad problems faced by old widows in rural areas of second largest province of Pakistan, Sindh. As already, there is inadequate data on the social, economic and living arrangements of aged widows of Rural Sindh. Through this research survey, gap of information on social, economic, and living arrangements of Sindhi rural aged widows is filled by primary survey data. The sample of 384 Respondents of age 60 and above was chosen by infinite population formula and respondents for collecting data were selected by using convenience sampling technique from the six rural districts of Sindh. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze data. The results suggest that there is strong preference of son and who is considered as old age protection for aged widows, and even today residing with son is regarded as popular cultural practice in Rural Sindh. The high number of aged widows was economically dependent on their sons. Absence of old age pension, no parallel remuneration and lack of skills in aged widows are some factors which are strongly influencing and creating very severe socio-economic consequences for widows in later age. Also, because of urbanization, the extended family culture is transforming to nuclear family drastically and ultimately, it is affecting largely on the living arrangements of aged widows.