bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative routes for tranexamic acid treatment in obstetric bleeding (WOMAN‐PharmacoTXAtrial): a randomised trial and pharmacological study in caesarean section births
Authors: Shakur‐Still Haleema , Roberts Ian , Grassin‐Delyle Stanislas , Chaudhri Rizwana , Geer Amber , Arribas Monica , Lamy Elodie , Mansukhani Raoul , Lubeya Mwansa Ketty , Javaid Kiran , Kayani Aasia , Israr Naila , Mazhar Syeda Batool , Urien Saïk , Bouazza Naïm , Foissac Frantz , Prowse Danielle , Carrington Laura , Barrow Collette , Onandia Julio Gil , Balogun Eni 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the safety, efficacy and pharmacology of intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral tranexamic acid (TXA) use in pregnant women.DesignRandomised, open‐label trial.SettingHospitals in Pakistan and Zambia.PopulationWomen giving birth by caesarean section.MethodsWomen were randomised to receive 1 g IV, 1 g IM, 4 g oral TXA or no TXA. Adverse events in women and neonates were recorded. TXA concentration in whole blood was measured and the concentrations over time were examined with population pharmacokinetics. The relationship between drug exposure and D‐dimer was explored. The trial registration isNCT04274335.Main outcome measuresConcentration of TXA in maternal blood.ResultsOf the 120 women included in the randomised safety study, there were no serious maternal or neonatal adverse events. TXA concentrations in 755 maternal blood and 87 cord blood samples were described by a two‐compartment model with one effect compartment linked by rate transfer constants. Maximum maternal concentrations were 46.9, 21.6 and 18.1 mg/L for IV, IM and oral administration, respectively, and 9.5, 7.9 and 9.1 mg/L in the neonates. The TXA response was modelled as an inhibitory effect on the D‐dimer production rate. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 7.5 mg/L and was achieved after 2.6, 6.4 and 47 minutes with IV, IM and oral administration of TXA, respectively.ConclusionsBoth IM and oral TXA are well tolerated. Oral TXA took about 1 hour to reach minimum therapeutic concentrations and would not be suitable for emergency treatment. Intramuscular TXA inhibits fibrinolysis within 10 minutes and may be a suitable alternative to IV.
Health care provider bias in the Appalachian region: The frequency and impact of contraceptive coercion
Authors: Swan Laura E. T. , Senderowicz Leigh G. , Lefmann Tess , Ely Gretchen E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the frequency and impact of contraceptive coercion in the Appalachian region of the United States.Data Sources and Study SettingIn fall 2019, we collected primary survey data with participants in the Appalachian region.Study DesignWe conducted an online survey including patient‐centered measures of contraceptive care and behavior.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe used social media advertisements to recruit Appalachians of reproductive age who were assigned female at birth (N = 622). After exploring the frequency of upward coercion (pressure to use contraception) and downward coercion (pressure not to use contraception), we ran chi‐square and logistic regression analyses to explore the relationships between contraceptive coercion and preferred contraceptive use.Principal FindingsApproximately one in four (23%, n = 143) participants reported that they were not using their preferred contraceptive method. More than one‐third of participants (37.0%, n = 230) reported ever experiencing coercion in their contraceptive care, with 15.8% reporting downward coercion and 29.6% reporting upward coercion. Chi‐square tests indicated that downward (χ2(1) = 23.337, p < 0.001) and upward coercion (χ2(1) = 24.481, p < 0.001) were both associated with a decreased likelihood of using the preferred contraceptive method. These relationships remained significant when controlling for sociodemographic factors in a logistic regression model (downward coercion: Marginal effect = −0.169, p = 0.001; upward coercion: Marginal effect = −0.121, p = 0.002).ConclusionsThis study utilized novel person‐centered measures to investigate contraceptive coercion in the Appalachian region. Findings highlight the negative impact of contraceptive coercion on patients' reproductive autonomy. Promoting contraceptive access, in Appalachia and beyond, requires comprehensive and unbiased contraceptive care.
Alterations in the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Ligustrum robustum according to continuous wet‐ and dry‐heat treatment
Authors: Bai Xue , Zhou Lihong , Wu Yutong , Xie Luyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSmall‐leaved Kuding tea (SLKDT) obtained from Ligustrum robustum is a traditional tea substitute in southern China and has a range of physiological effects. However, the changes in its phytochemical composition after various heat treatments are not reported yet. Thus, the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of fresh leaves of SLKDT (LrF1) and SLKDT after high‐temperature wet‐heat treatment (LrF2) and wet‐ and dry‐heat treatments (LrF3) were assessed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate (ABTS) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of LrF1 and LrF3 were investigated. The results indicated that the phytochemical composition of LrF1, LrF2, and LrF3 was significantly different. Overall, 258 and 83 differential constituents, respectively, were obtained in LrF1 versus LrF2 and LrF2 versus LrF3. The differential constituents mainly included amino acids and their derivatives, nucleosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, simple phenylpropanoids, and coumarins. After heat treatment, SLKDT exhibited obvious changes in sensory characteristics and physiological properties, which may be related to the changes in the levels of amino acids, linalool, beta‐geraniol, myricetin, naringin, fraxetin, and isoacteoside. Moreover, the antioxidant activities significantly changed after heat treatment of SLKDT. Overall, our study demonstrated that heat treatment can alter the phytochemical composition of SLKDT, thus affecting its sensory properties and physiological properties.Practical ApplicationThis study preliminarily assessed the changes in the composition of small‐leaved Kuding tea (SLKDT) after various heat treatments and revealed that the composition of SLKDT tea can be adjusted by various heat and temperature treatments.
Impacts of additional cycles of neoadjuvant immunotherapy on surgery in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Ang Keng‐Leong , Wang Zhufeng , Lei Fan , He Jiaxi , Li Shuben 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveWhether cycle number influences the subsequent pathological or surgical outcomes remained unclear. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and surgical safety of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy‐based treatment in the real‐world setting.MethodsClinical data of patients who received neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for non‐small‐cell lung cancer between 2018 and 2021 were collected. Oncological outcomes such as objective response rate (ORR), major pathological response (MPR), and pathological complete response (pCR), and surgical outcomes including operating time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage, and hospital stay were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 176 patients were included, among whom 102 cases were lung squamous carcinoma (LUSQ). After immunochemotherapy, 98 (56%) of patients achieved ORR. Notably, the ORR (63% vs. 46%, p = 0.039) and pCR (45% vs. 27%, p = 0.022) were significantly higher in patients with LUSQ. For patients who received two, three, four, and five or more cycles, the ORRs were 52%, 67%, 53%, and 50% (p = 0.36). In post hoc analysis, cycle numbers showed no significant association with MPR or pCR (p = 0.14 and p = 0.073). Treatment cycles showed no influence on operating time, postoperative drainage, and hospital stay (p = 0.79, 0.37, and 0.22). Notably, the blood loss index of patients who received more than four cycles was higher than those receiving four or fewer cycles (mean blood loss: two or fewer cycles 153.1, three cycles 113.8, four cycles 137.6, and five or more cycles 293.3, respectively).ConclusionsThis study indicated that cycles of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy had no significant effect on the feasibility and safety of surgery. Although not statistically significant, patients who received five or more cycles of treatment experienced higher intraoperative blood loss.
Eliciting deliberative and implemental mindsets in audit planning
Authors: Rixom Brett A. , Plumlee David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is concern that rather than critically deliberating specific circumstances, auditors focus on selecting and documenting defensible audit positions. Currently, subordinate auditors perform tasks mindful that they will be accountable for their work both inside (e.g., partners) and outside (e.g., PCAOB) the firm and adopt “implementation intentions” based on previous review experiences to guide their performance. In the context of fraud‐detection planning, we consider an alternative approach in which subordinate auditors work under contingent reward agreements under which they will be compensated for effective fraud‐detection plans. Lacking an anticipated course of action, they invoke a “deliberative mindset” in order to create a task strategy. In an experiment, auditors completed a fraud‐detection planning task under contingent rewards, accountability, or anonymity. We find that auditors operating under contingent rewards used deliberative mindsets. They were better able to identify potential fraud, select more effective procedures, and plan more hours for effective procedures. Auditors under accountability completed the planning task based on implementation intentions. They focused on broadly increasing audit hours across procedures, including allocating significantly more hours to less effective procedures. Mediation analysis shows that improved planning performance resulted from the use of deliberative mindsets and not implementation intentions.
Speedy blooming in Cerrado after fire is not uncommon: New records of Cyperaceae species flowering 24 h after burning
Authors: Pilon Natashi A. L. , Freire Camila T. R. , Oliveira‐Alves Maria Júlia , Oliveira Rafael S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFire‐stimulated flowering has long been a subject of investigation in tropical grasslands and savannas. Still, speedy blooming (i.e. flowering in <24 h after fire) had only been recently described for a single species of Cyperaceae common in Cerrado open ecosystems. Here, we described two new species displaying this unique feature of producing flowers <24 h after fire, suggesting that this fast phenological response might be more common than previously thought. Rhynchospora confusa F.Ballard and Rhynchospora terminalis Nees ex Steud. var. terminalis are two widely distributed species in grasslands and savannas at Chapada dos Veadeiros (a World Natural Heritage by UNESCO). Yet, there is a paucity of herbarium collection for both species and no registration of the quick bloom after fire passage or other aspects of their ecology. Understanding the diversity of phenological patterns and vegetation responses to fire is key to uncovering the functioning and singularities of the tropical open ecosystems.
Maternal outcomes of placental abruption with intrauterine fetal death and delivery routes: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Wada Yoshimitsu , Takahashi Hironori , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Usui Rie , Ogoyama Manabu , Suzuki Hirotada , Ohkuchi Akihide , Fujiwara Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionPlacental abruption is a serious complication, especially when accompanied by intrauterine fetal death. The optimal delivery route for placental abruption with intrauterine fetal death for reducing maternal complications is still unclear. In this study we aimed to compare the maternal outcomes between cesarean delivery and vaginal delivery in women with placental abruption with intrauterine fetal death.Material and methodsUsing the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology nationwide perinatal registry database, we identified pregnant women with placental abruption with intrauterine fetal death between 2013 and 2019. The following women were excluded: those with multiple pregnancies, placenta previa, placenta accreta spectrum, amniotic fluid embolism, or whose delivery route was missing data. The association between delivery routes (cesarean delivery and vaginal delivery) and the maternal outcome was examined using a linear regression model with inverse probability weighting. The primary outcome was the amount of bleeding during delivery. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation.ResultsThe number of women with placental abruption with intrauterine fetal death was 1218/1601932 (0.076%). Of 1134 women analyzed, 608 (53.6%) underwent cesarean delivery. Bleeding during delivery (median [interquartile range]) was 1650.00 (950.00–2450.00) (mL) and 1171.00 (500.00–2196.50) (mL) in cesarean and vaginal delivery, respectively. Bleeding during delivery (mL) was significantly greater in cesarean delivery than in vaginal delivery (regression coefficient, 1086.39; 95% confidence interval, 130.96–2041.81; p = 0.026). Maternal death and uterine rupture occurred in four (0.4%) and five (0.4%) women, respectively. The four maternal deaths were noted in the vaginal delivery group.ConclusionsBleeding during delivery was significantly greater in cesarean delivery than that in vaginal delivery in women with placental abruption with intrauterine fetal death. However, severe complications, including maternal death and uterine rupture, occurred in vaginal delivery‐related cases. The management of women with placental abruption with intrauterine fetal death should be cautious regardless of the delivery route.
Dicloxacillin‐warfarin drug–drug interaction—A register‐based study and in vitro investigations in 3D spheroid primary human hepatocytes
Authors: Järvinen Erkka , Dalgård Dunvald Ann‐Cathrine , Ernst Martin Thomsen , Hammer Helen S. , Pötz Oliver , Pottegård Anton , Stage Tore B. 
Published: April 2023

AimsDicloxacillin is used to treat staphylococcal infections and we have previously shown that dicloxacillin is an inducer of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs). Here, we employed a translational approach to investigate the effect of a treatment with dicloxacillin on warfarin efficacy in Danish registries. Furthermore, we assessed dicloxacillin as an inducer of CYPs in vitro.MethodsWe conducted a register‐based study and analysed international normalized ratio (INR) levels in chronic warfarin users before and after short‐ and long‐term use of dicloxacillin (n = 1023) and flucloxacillin (n = 123). Induction of CYPs were investigated in a novel liver model of 3D spheroid primary human hepatocytes at the level of mRNA, and protein and enzyme activity.ResultsShort‐ and long‐term dicloxacillin treatments decreased INR levels by −0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.57 to −0.74) and −0.76 (95% CI: −0.50 to −1.02), respectively. More than 90% of individuals experienced subtherapeutic INR levels (below 2) after long‐term dicloxacillin treatment. Flucloxacillin decreased INR levels by −0.37 (95% CI: −0.14 to −0.60). In 3D spheroid primary human hepatocytes, the maximal induction of CYP3A4 mRNA, protein and enzyme activity by dicloxacillin were 4.9‐, 2.9‐ and 2.4‐fold, respectively. Dicloxacillin also induced CYP2C9 mRNA by 1.7‐fold.ConclusionDicloxacillin induces CYPs and reduces the clinical efficacy of warfarin in patients. This effect is substantially exacerbated during long‐term treatment with dicloxacillin. The in vitro results corroborated this drug–drug interaction and correlated to the clinical findings. Caution is warranted for warfarin patients that initiate dicloxacillin or flucloxacillin, especially for a long‐term treatment of endocarditis.
Known‐groups and convergent validity of the theory of mind task battery in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Gosling Corentin J. , Cartigny Ariane , Stevanovic Dejan , Moutier Sylvain , Delorme Richard , Attwood Tony 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesOne of the most promising Theory of Mind (ToM) tests developed for children with ASD is the Theory of Mind Task Battery (ToM‐TB). Still, additional psychometric properties of this tool need to be assessed. The main objective of this preregistered study was to investigate the known‐groups and convergent validities of the ToM‐TB compared to a well‐established test used to assess ToM in children with ASD (the Strange Stories Test; SST).MethodsA total of 68 school‐aged children were recruited (34 children with ASD and 34 children with typical development). The groups were matched on sex and age, and on both receptive language abilities and overall cognitive functioning.ResultsRegarding the known‐groups validity, we found group differences in the performance on the ToM‐TB and SST. Additional analyses revealed that this result tended to be more robust for the ToM‐TB than for the SST. Regarding convergent validity, we showed that the ToM‐TB and SST correlated strongly, for children with ASD and children with typical development. In contrast, we found small correlations of these two tests with social competence in daily life. No evidence was found for greater known‐groups or convergent validity of one test compared to the other.ConclusionOur data confirmed the relevance of the ToM‐TB and the SST for the assessment of ToM in school‐aged children. Future studies should continue to assess the psychometric qualities of various ToM tests to provide reliable information to best guide researchers and clinicians when choosing optimal neuropsychological tools.
In vitro sepsis up‐regulates Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ receptor expression and function on human T‐ but not B‐cells
Authors: Bird Mark F. , Hebbes Christopher P. , Tamang Anushuya , Willets Jonathon Mark , Thompson Jonathan P. , Guerrini Remo , Calo Girolamo , Lambert David G. 
Published: April 2023

Background and PurposeIn animal models of sepsis, increased activation of the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor NOP is associated with mortality and NOP antagonists improved survival. We have explored the role of the N/OFQ‐NOP system in freshly isolated volunteer human B‐ and T‐cells incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan G (PepG) as a model of in vitro sepsis.Experimental ApproachB‐ and T‐cell NOP expression was measured using the NOP fluorescent probe N/OFQATTO594, N/OFQ content was measured using immunofluorescence, N/OFQ release was tracked using a CHOhNOPGαiq5 biosensor assay and NOP function was measured using transwell migration and cytokine/chemokine release using a 25‐plex assay format. Cells were challenged with LPS/PepG.Key ResultsCD19‐positive B‐cells bound N/OFQATTO594; they also contain N/OFQ. Stimulation with CXCL13/IL‐4 increased N/OFQ release. N/OFQ trended to reduced migration to CXCL13/IL‐4. Surface NOP expression was unaffected by LPS/PepG, but this treatment increased GM‐CSF release in an N/OFQ sensitive manner. CD3‐positive T‐cells did not bind N/OFQATTO594; they did contain N/OFQ. Stimulation with CXCL12/IL‐6 increased N/OFQ release. When incubated with LPS/PepG, NOP surface expression was induced leading to N/OFQATTO594 binding. In LPS/PepG‐treated cells, N/OFQ reduced migration to CXCL12/IL‐6. LPS/PepG increased GM‐CSF release in an N/OFQ sensitive manner.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe suggest both a constitutive and sepsis‐inducible N/OFQ‐NOP receptor autocrine regulation of B‐ and T‐cell function, respectively. These NOP receptors variably inhibit migration and reduce GM‐CSF release. These data provide mechanistic insights to the detrimental role for increased N/OFQ signalling in sepsis and suggest a potential role for NOP antagonists as treatments.
Adolescents and oral health service utilization in Canterbury, New Zealand: A geospatial cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lee Joanne Jia Min , Schluter Philip J. , Hodgett Matthew , Deng Bingyu , Hobbs Matthew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveNon‐utilization of dental care during adolescence can result in poorer oral health and subsequently higher expenditures on dental services. This study examined the geospatial and epidemiological factors associated with utilization of the publicly funded Adolescent Oral Health Services (AOHS) in Canterbury, Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ).MethodsA secondary analysis of prospectively collected routine data from AOHS visits of adolescents in school Year 9 (13–14 years) for the financial year 2019–2020. Geographic information systems examined distance from home to dental practices. Multilevel mixed‐effects Poisson regression models investigated associations between geospatial, demographic and clinical factors and non‐utilization of dental services. Models were adjusted for sex, ethnicity, area‐level deprivation, rural/urban classification, previous caries experience and the distance from home address to dental practice referred.ResultsDental practices were concentrated in large urban areas and in the least deprived neighbourhoods, with several service area gaps identified. Rural areas and the most deprived areas of Christchurch City had the highest non‐utilization rates. After adjustment, adolescents residing in the most deprived areas had a higher risk of non‐utilization (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.38; 95% CI 1.26–1.51) compared to adolescents in the least deprived areas. Adolescents in remote areas also had an increased risk of non‐utilization (aRR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.20–1.54) compared to adolescents in urban core areas. Finally, Māori (aRR = 1.37; 95% CI 1.29–1.46) and Pasifika (aRR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.35–1.59) adolescents had significantly higher risks of non‐utilization compared to their NZ European counterparts.ConclusionInequitable utilization of dental services exists among adolescents in Canterbury, NZ, and is associated with Māori, Pasifika and those living in rural and most deprived areas. Adolescents at the greatest oral health risk are geographically underserved by current oral health services. The current health system should also explore the possibility of partnering with Māori and Pasifika communities to provide services within culturally appropriate settings.