bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Pengukusan pada Sludge IPAL Industri Makanan sebagai Alternatif Pakan Maggot
Authors: Arifudin  , Sopiah R. Nida , Suryati Tuti , Setiyono  , Herlina Sri , Ambarsari Hanies , Suyanti Sati , Atang  , Sabudin  
Published: May 2023

Food industry sludge waste from the coagulation-flocculation process has a fairly high nutrient content so that it has the potential as an alternative source for BSF (black soldier fly) maggot feed. On the other hand, this sludge has a very strong odor as a result of the decomposition process of organic sludge by anaerobic bacteria during the waiting period for the pickup process by trucks. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature and steaming time on the odor and protein content of cake sludge used for BSF maggot feed. To eliminate odors before being used as maggot feed, treatment is carried out first, namely by steaming with temperature variations of 85, 100, and 121 ºC; and variations in steaming time of 10 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 minutes. Each treatment was repeated three times. The main responses observed were the parameters of protein content and odor. Based on the results of odor measurements on samples of cake sludge that have been steamed with temperature treatment and steaming time in general, it can reduce the odor value and protein content of cake sludge. The lowest odor value was obtained at the increased temperature of 121 ºC with a steaming time of 15 minutes, while the highest odor value occurred at a temperature treatment of 85 ºC and a steaming time of 10 minutes.

Abstrak
Limbah sludge industri makanan dari proses koagulasi-flokulasi memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang cukup tinggi sehingga berpotensi sebagai sumber alternatif untuk pakan maggot BSF (black soldier fly). Di sisi lain, sludge ini memiliki bau yang sangat menyengat sebagai akibat proses dekomposisi bahan organik sludge oleh bakteri anaerobik selama masa tunggu proses pengambilan oleh truk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan lama pengukusan terhadap bau dan kandungan protein cake sludge yang digunakan untuk pakan maggot BSF. Untuk menghilangkan bau sebelum digunakan sebagai pakan maggot, maka dilakukan perlakuan terlebih dahulu yaitu dengan melakukan pengukusan pada variasi suhu 85, 100, dan 121 ºC; dan variasi waktu lama pengukusan 10 menit, 15 menit dan 20 menit. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Respon utama yang diamati adalah parameter kadar protein dan bau. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, bau pada contoh cake sludge yang telah dikukus dengan perlakuan suhu dan lama pengukusan secara umum dapat menurunkan nilai bau dan kadar protein dari cake sludge. Nilai bau terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan penambahan suhu 121 ºC dengan lama pengukusan 15 menit, Sedangkan nilai bau tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan suhu pada suhu 85 ºC dan lama pengukusan selama 10 menit.
LAND USE AND SLOPE POSITION EFFECT ON THE HYDROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SANDY LOAM SOILS OF KOUPENDRI CATCHMENT, NORTH-WEST OF BENIN
Authors: Azuka Chukwuebuka Vincent , Igué Mouinou Attanda , Diekkrüger Bernd 
Published: May 2023

<p><strong>Background.</strong> Land use and landscape characteristics influence soil hydrological properties and catchment hydrology. <strong>Objective.</strong> To investigate the effect of land use and slope positions on soil hydrological properties. <strong>Methodology. </strong>The study was done in Koupendri catchment, northwest Benin. The experimental design was a 2x2 factorial scheme replicated ten times. The study considered two land use types and two slope positions. The soil texture was sandy loam with high gravel (50-71%) and low organic carbon (11-18.4 g/kg) contents. <strong>Results. </strong>The Ksat in-situ and steady state infiltration were significantly (p&lt;0.05) influenced by land use. Higher Ksat values of 5.33-11.96 cm/h and steady state infiltration (13.53 cm/h) were obtained under fallow shrub-grassland (FSG) compared to 2.21-3.04 cm/h and 3.58 cm/h respectively under tilled maize-beans (MBT). At both daily and 30-minute timescales, the maximum in-situ soil moistures were 0.270cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> and 0.393cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively under FSG compared to 0.221cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> and 0.202cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> recorded under MBT. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the soil hydrological properties was low (&lt;10%) for BD and porosity, moderate (&lt;30%) for <!--?mso-application progid=&quot;Word.Document&quot;?--> 14 Î¸i"&gt; , <!--?mso-application progid=&quot;Word.Document&quot;?--> 14Î¸f"&gt; , and Ksat in-situ and very high (&gt;50%) for Ksat-Lab. <strong>Conclusion. </strong>Land use significantly influenced soil hydrological properties </p>
Trophic interactions; Rhizobacteria; Plant growth; Preference
Authors: Meneses Lazo Rocío Elizabeth , Garruña René 
Published: May 2023

<p><strong>Background.</strong> Habanero pepper (<em>Capsicum chinense</em> Jacq.) is a vegetable of economic interest, its fruits have unique characteristics of flavor and pungency. Its pungency is due to the capsaicinoids, which were the starting research interest on this crop. In this review, the historical scientific information about habanero pepper in Mexico was analyzed, in order to have an overview of the past, present and the perspectives for research. <strong>Objective.</strong> To analyze the scientific research of habanero pepper in different regions of Mexico and identify its importance as a model plant study. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Fifteen databases and several key words were used to found the scientific research articles. Using their titles and aims, articles were grouped in eight research topic: 1) Biochemistry, 2) Genetics-Biotechnology, 3) Microbiology-Pests-Diseases, 4) Nutrition, 5) Physiology-Phenology, 6) Agronomic productivity, 7) Plant genetic resources and 8) Food and medical uses. The publications were sorted by year and region, the status of the journals and impact factor were analyzed. <strong>Main findings.</strong> In total 127 articles were analyzed and 69.3% of these were carried out at Yucatan Peninsula, 67% were published in journals indexed in the Journal of Citation Reports (JCR). Along years, publications of habanero peppers increased in other regions of Mexico; in addition, the research topics diversified. The first research article about habanero pepper in Mexico was published in 1998. In the area of biochemistry there were more publications (29), of which 24 were indexed in JCR. <strong>Implications.</strong> Most of the research of habanero pepper in Mexico can be classified as basic science, few manuscripts were about applied research. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The capsaicinoids studies were the topic detonating research interest in this species as a model plant study, over time, the themes on this crop were diversified and the number of articles on habanero pepper has strengthened. However, more emphasis should be placed on studies focusing in solving the main problems of producers.</p>
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF SMALLHOLDER COMMERCIAL VEGETABLE FARMS IN CUENCA (ECUADOR)
Authors: Zea Pedro , Chilpe Jeimy , Sánchez Diego , Chica Eduardo J. 
Published: May 2023

<p><strong>Background.</strong> Vegetable crops in Ecuador are produced primarily by smallholders in the Andes. Cuenca is an intermediate city in Southern Ecuador whose demand of fresh vegetables is supplied mostly by small farms located &lt; 60 Km from the city. <strong>Objective.</strong> The objective of this study was to characterize smallholder vegetable farms located on the outskirts of Cuenca using input/output energy balances. <strong>Methodology.</strong> One hundred and four vegetable farms were visited during the first semester of 2016. Farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire about the inputs used by them for crop production and the outputs of their crops. <strong>Results.</strong> Most of the farms (83) produced negative energy balances with energy efficiencies ranging from 0.16 to 0.97 whereas farms with positive energy balances had efficiencies ranging from 1.03 to 1.97. The largest energy input in most farms was from organic fertilizers, followed by the planting material and direct energy use for pumping and other farm activities. A positive significant correlation was detected between farm size and energy efficiency. <strong>Implications. </strong>Our results reveal opportunities to improve the functioning of these farming systems and the need to take into account efficiency considerations in the design of technological and policy interventions oriented to improve the sustainability of these systems. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> Most smallholder vegetable farms in periurban Cuenca operate producing negative energy balances. Organic fertilizers and direct energy are the largest energy inputs used in these farms. Potential energy economies of scale were detected both in energy efficient and energy inefficient farms.</p>
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF Pun1 GENE (CAPSAICIN SYNTHASE) IN PUNGENT CULTIVARS OF Capsicum annuum OF NORTHERN MEXICO.
Authors: González-Zamora Alberto , Olvera-Carranza Clarita , Ávalos-Calleros Jesús Aarón , Hernández-García José Luis , Ríos-Sánchez Efraín , Pérez-Morales Rebeca 
Published: May 2023

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Capsaicinoids are exclusive of the genus <em>Capsicum</em> and are responsible for fruit pungency. The genetic basis of pungency is not yet fully understood, although several candidate genes have been analyzed including the Pungent gene (<em>Pun1</em>). <strong>Objective: </strong>The main aim of this study was to identify the <em>Pun1</em> in some pungent samples of <em>Capsicum annuum</em> of Northern Mexico adapted to conditions of high temperature and analyze the variability of polymorphisms in the gene. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The coding sequence of the <em>Pun1</em> gene was analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length. <strong>Results: </strong>The <em>Pun1</em> gene showed highly variable patterns; the variable regions were sequenced, and we found 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the first exon and 7 in the intron, some polymorphisms generated amino acid changes; while that of Chiltepin cultivar showed more than one sequence. <strong>Implications:</strong> The protein homology model suggests that these polymorphisms could affect their functionality. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> All the pungent cultivars of Mexican <em>C. annuum</em> analyzed were positive to <em>Pun1</em> gene and have a high variety of polymorphisms, this study provides evidence of the high variability that exists in the <em>Pun1</em> gene responsible for pungency and could allow the selection of pungent variants to obtain a greater quantity of capsaicinoids for different applications.</p>
ÁRBOLES Y ARBUSTOS TROPICALES CON POTENCIAL PARA DISMINUIR LA PRODUCCIÓN DE METANO EN RUMIANTES
Authors: Sandoval Pelcastre Adrian Adolfo , Ramirez Mella Mónica , Rodríguez Ávila Norma Laura , Candelaria Martinez Bernardino 
Published: May 2023

<p><strong>Background. </strong>Worlwide ruminants are an important source of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) as they contribute with around 115 million tons of methane on a yearly basis. Methane is generated by the fermentation of the feed inside the rumen by a microbial consortia constituted by bacteria, archaea, fungi and protozoa. Due to the warming power of methane, which is 28 higher than carbon monoxide, current research focuses on diminishing the emissions of this gas by domestic ruminants. The use of several species of tropical trees and shrubs as a supplement of ruminant feed have resulted ideal within silvopastoral systems. <strong>Objective. </strong>To analyze the current research on trees tropical foliage through the implementation of silvopastoral systems in conventional livestock systems with the aim to diminish GHG generated by ruminal fermentation. <strong>Methodology.</strong> The search of bibliographic information was performed during august 2018 and june 2019 using key terms. <strong>Results.</strong> The results from the diverse research shows that foliage from trees and shrubs located in tropical regions not only increase livestock performance, but al so diminish methane synthesis within the rumen due to the action of derived plant secondary metabolites such as condensed tannins, phenolic compounds, essential oils, flavonoids and saponins present in leaves and pods. <strong>Implications.</strong> The information presented in this paper focuses on the use of foliage of tree and shrub species with forage potential in tropical conditions, which have a significant effect on the reduction of methanogenesis in ruminants due to an improvement in nutritional quality of the diet and the presence of secondary metabolites <strong>Conclusion.</strong> The use of silvopastoral systems with tropical legumes species have the potential of reducing the GHG produced by cattle by 20 up to 38 %.</p>
GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST GROWTH AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION OF Aspergillus parasiticus
Authors: Vargas-Ortiz Manuel Alejandro , San Martín-Hernández Cesar , Angulo-Escalante Miguel Ángel , Muy-Rangel María Dolores , Quintana-Obregón Eber Addí 
Published: May 2023

<p><strong>Background: </strong><em>Aspergillus parasiticus</em> is a mold to produce aflatoxins, and growth in maize; the used<strong> </strong>synthetic fungicides for their inhibition are risk to health and the environment. However, garlic essential oil to have antifungal activity and can be alternative for control <em>A. parasiticus</em>. <strong>Objective/hypothesis:</strong> Essential garlic oil can inhibit the <em>in vitro</em> growth of <em>A. parasiticus</em> and its aflatoxins. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The <em>in vitro</em> antifungal activity of garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) essential oil was evaluated against <em>A. parasiticus </em>(radial growth and spore germination). In addition, the mean inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub>) and minimum inhibitory (MIC) were calculated. Aflatoxins were tested on maize with High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). <strong>Results:</strong> The mean inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) and minimum inhibitory (MIC) obtained by Probit analyses with radial growth were 971 and 2875 ppm of garlic essential oil, respectively, in <em>A. parasiticus</em>. These concentrations inhibited spore germination until 24 h. Starting from 100 ppm of garlic essential oil, mycelial inhibition was shown. Evidence of inhibition of aflatoxin production by <em>A. parasiticus</em> in maize was not possible at concentrations of 971 and 2875 ppm garlic essential oil. <strong>Implications:</strong> The concentrations 971 and 2875 ppm of garlic essential oil inhibited the growth <em>in vitro</em> of <em>A. parasiticus</em>. However, they did not inhibit aflatoxin production by <em>A. parasiticus</em> into maize. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Garlic essential oil inhibit the <em>in vitro</em> growth of <em>A. parasiticus</em> on growth radial and germination spores; but not inhibit aflatoxins production on maize to concentrations 971 and 2875 ppm of garlic essential oil.</p>
EFFECTS OF GRASS-WEED INTERACTIONS ON MORPHO-ECOLOGICAL TRAITS AND WEEDING BENEFITS OF RANGE GRASSES IN SOUTHERN KENYA RANGELANDS
Authors: Kasai Yahya Sabdow , Nyangito Moses , Koech Oscar 
Published: May 2023

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Weeds invasion into rangeland ecosystems is a precursor for biodiversity loss, increased soil erosion, declining wildlife habitats, and decline in carrying capacity for livestock. These weeds are fierce competitors with range grasses often possessing attributes of high seedling vigor and short life cycles compared to the grasses. Weeds invasion to a pasture land, can starve the grasses grown in the land. <strong>Objective:</strong> To investigate the competitive interactions of three range grasses with weed infestation. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The grasses evaluated were; <em>Chloris roxburghiana </em>(CHLORIS)<em>,</em> <em>Cenchrus</em> <em>ciliaris </em>(CECI), and <em>Eragrotis superba </em>(ERASU). Four weed control regimes were applied: Continuous weeding (T<sub>1</sub>), weeding on the 8<sup>th</sup> week (T<sub>2</sub>), weeding on 10<sup>th</sup> week (T<sub>3</sub>) and the control (T<sub>4</sub>). The grass species Morpho-ecological data was collected on parameters such as; tiller density, grass height, grass density and biomass yield at the grass bloom stage. <strong>Results:</strong> A significant difference in morpho-ecological traits of all the weeding regimes was found. Continuous weed management and weeding at 8<sup>th</sup> week of establishment, respectively showed the highest performance in all the parameters measured. None-weeding management demonstrated the least performance. <strong>Implication:</strong> These research findings will help in developing a long term pasture weeds management plans to prevent encroachment of problematic weed species and to rehabilitate the already degraded rangelands. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> On all the grass species, continuous, weeding, periodic weeding at 8 weeks and 10 weeks demonstrated an increase in dry matter biomass respectively. None-weeding had the least pasture performance. </p>
PRESENCIA DE HONGOS ENTOMOPATÓGENOS ASOCIADOS A SUELOS CULTIVADOS CON AGUACATE (Persea americana Mill.) EN COLIMA, MÉXICO
Authors: Rodríguez-Rodríguez José Carlos , Castruita-Domínguez José Pedro , Rodríguez-Vélez Beatriz , Neri-Luna Cecilia , Ayala-Zermeño Miguel Angel 
Published: May 2023

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Entomopathogenic fungi (EF) play a key role in the regulation of arthropod populations and biotransformation in natural systems, as well as biological pest control agents in different agroecosystems, including avocado cultivation (<em>Persea americana</em> Mill.), where Mexico is a leader in production and export worldwide.<strong> Objective</strong>: Determine the presence of EF in soil in commercial avocado orchards in the state of Colima, Mexico. <strong>Methodology</strong>: Sampling was carried out in three avocado orchards (Piedra rajada, El Guardián, and Montitlán) located in Comala and Cuauhtémoc in the state of Colima, Mexico, from July 2016 to June 2017. Soil samples were collected around avocado trees. Isolation of entomopathogenic fungi was performed using the <em>Galleria mellonella</em> Linnaeus insect trap technique. The isolates were identified considering their micro- and macroscopic characteristics with the taxonomic keys of Humber (2012). <strong>Results</strong>: A total of 108 samples were collected, of those, 120 isolates were obtained, of which 112 belong to the genus <em>Metarhizium</em> and eight to <em>Beauveria</em>. <strong>Implications</strong>: The recovered fungi have a great value for the avocado-growing areas of the state of Colima, either for the conservation of natural enemies of soil pests or for their potential use as an alternative to synthetic insecticides. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Knowing the native micro-biota of the soil should be considered within biological pest control strategies, since it allows selecting the best adapted species, and including sustainable alternatives for the environment. </p>
Seasonal Diet Variation of (Tetracerus quadricornis) Four-horned Antelope in Rangayyanadurga Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, Southern India
Authors: Asha B. S. , Kumara Vijaya 
Published: May 2023

In the ecosystem, the four-horned antelope were selective feeders by browsing and grazing plant species in different compositions. These species have adaptable characteristics to feed on nutritious parts of available shrubs and trees in their habitat. The study was conducted through fecal analysis studies on the diet of four-horned antelopes in Rangayyanadurga four-horned Antelope Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, Southern India. The study identified 95.7% of the plant species that occurred in the pellet sample, with 4.30% remaining unidentified. The percentage occurrence of dicots in the pellet sample was 80.85%, while monocots had a minimum occurrence of 19.15%. In point of growth forms, trees accounted for 34.52%, shrubs for 19.15%, herbs for 19.10%, grasses for 19.14%, and climbers for 3.5%. The Poaceae family had the highest composition percentage of occurrence in the diet with 19.13%, followed by Fabaceae at 17.53% in the diet of four-horned antelope. The study concluded that antelopes were adaptable in nature when it comes to the matter of food and survival, picking out the nutritious food that they need as available in nature. The composition of plant species in the diet helps in understanding the food habits and habitats of the four-horned antelope, which is essential for conservation and management in their natural habitat. This study provides valuable knowledge of the food habits and habitats of four-horned antelopes for further studies in this area.
Comportamiento asintótico para un sistema termoelástico lineal
Authors: George J. Bautista  
Published: May 2023

En este artículo se muestra una extension de los resultados obtenidos de Bautista et al. (2022), para el sistema termoelástico lineal. Se demostró que la energía asociada al problema del valor initial es decreciente en el tiempo. Además, se mostró que la solución déçue exponencialmente a cero en los espacios de Sobolev periódicos: *ecuación* , para todo s que pertenece a R.
Occipital Lobe Status Epilepticus; A Rare Stroke Mimic with Novel Imaging Findings: A Case Report
Authors: Lawson Jordan , Triner Wayne , Kluge Brady 
Published: May 2023

Introduction This case reviews a patient who presented to the emergency department (ED) with homonymous hemianopsia, a rare manifestation of partial status epilepticus of the occipital lobe. Her initial brain computerized axial tomographic (CT) perfusion scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed novel findings associated with this diagnosis. Case Report A 70-year-old female presented to our ED with left visual field hemianopsia, dyskinesia, dysmetria and facial droop. Her initial diagnosis was left posterior fossa circulation cerebrovascular accident. However, her neuroimaging indicated hypervascularity of the left occipital lobe without evidence of infarct or structural lesion. A cerebral angiogram excluded arterio-venous malformation. Subsequently, an electroencephalogram showed left occipital lobe status epilepticus. Conclusion Hemianopsia is a rare presentation of partial status epilepticus mimicking stroke. Hypervascularity seen on advanced neuroimaging may have suggested this diagnosis on initial ED evaluation.