bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of typical radiation doses and risks using an anthropomorphic ‘bone fracture’ phantom for commonly performed X‐ray projections in a 5‐year‐old
Authors: Doyle Edel , Dimmock Matthew R , Lee Kam L , Thomas Peter , Bassed Richard B 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroduction: Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are typical dose levels for medical imaging examinations for groups of standard‐sized patients or standard phantoms for broadly defined types of equipment used as a tool to aid optimisation of protection for medical exposures. Currently, there are no paediatric DRLs for conventional radiography (i.e. general X‐rays) published in Australia. The aim of this study was to establish typical radiation doses and risks that are representative of those delivered for commonly performed X‐ray projections for a 5‐year‐old/20 kg child using a 5‐year‐old anthropomorphic ‘bone fracture’ phantom in three dedicated paediatric radiology departments in Victoria. Methods: A total of 20 projection images were acquired for a standard 5‐year‐old/20 kg phantom using digital radiography X‐ray equipment. The air kerma‐area product (KAP) measured at each centre by a KAP metre, which was calibrated to a national primary standard, was considered to represent the median value for that centre for each X‐ray projection. Organ doses and effective dose were estimated using PCXMC software, and risks of radiation‐induced cancer and radiation‐induced death were calculated based on the BEIR VII report. Results: The typical doses for the individual X‐ray projections ranged from 3 mGy•cm2 to 86 mGy•cm2, whilst the effective doses ranged from 0.00004 to 0.07 mSv. The radiation risks were ‘minimal’ to ‘negligible’. Conclusion: The estimation of typical radiation doses and associated risks for a 5‐year‐old/20 kg phantom study provides reference values for guidance and is a first step in assisting optimisation at other institutions until national DRLs, based on patient data from the clinical setting, are published.
Correlation of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging with findings of electroencephalography in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Jamalipour Soufi Ghazaleh , Hekmat Nia Ali , Hajalikhani Parvaneh , Mehvari‐Habibabadi Jafar , Chit Saz Navid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis research aimed to see how well magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) could identify the lateralization side in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) compared to electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results.MethodsTwenty‐three individuals were included in this research and diagnosed with TLE (both clinically and by EEG). Clinical exams, interictal EEG, and MRI were performed on all patients. In addition, the individuals were also subjected to proton MRS.ResultsThe age range of 23 participants was 20–55 years (mean = 34.6 ± 8.5); 10 were male (44%), and 13 were female (56%). The right temporal lobe MRI showed a sensitivity and specificity of 60% and 55% for detecting mesial temporal lobe sclerosis (MTS) foci, respectively (positive predictive value (PPV) of 27% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 83%). MRI showed 83% sensitivity and 35% specificity for MTS foci in the left temporal lobe (PPV of 31% and NPV of 86%). MRS showed 61% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the right temporal lobe (PPV 100%) and 80% sensitivity and specificity in the left temporal lobe (PPV 100%) for identifying MTS foci. Overall, MRS (both left and right) results matched EEG findings.ConclusionMRS is a potential noninvasive neuroradiology technique for assessing epilepsy patients because it is more sensitive than structural MRI in identifying MTS. The results of the study overall appears to be of interest but still need further support from future studies with larger sample sizes.
Two‐stage or not two‐stage? That is the question for IPD meta‐analysis projects
Authors: Riley Richard D. , Ensor Joie , Hattle Miriam , Papadimitropoulou Katerina , Morris Tim P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIndividual participant data meta‐analysis (IPDMA) projects obtain, check, harmonise and synthesise raw data from multiple studies. When undertaking the meta‐analysis, researchers must decide between a two‐stage or a one‐stage approach. In a two‐stage approach, the IPD are first analysed separately within each study to obtain aggregate data (e.g., treatment effect estimates and standard errors); then, in the second stage, these aggregate data are combined in a standard meta‐analysis model (e.g., common‐effect or random‐effects). In a one‐stage approach, the IPD from all studies are analysed in a single step using an appropriate model that accounts for clustering of participants within studies and, potentially, between‐study heterogeneity (e.g., a general or generalised linear mixed model). The best approach to take is debated in the literature, and so here we provide clearer guidance for a broad audience. Both approaches are important tools for IPDMA researchers and neither are a panacea. If most studies in the IPDMA are small (few participants or events), a one‐stage approach is recommended due to using a more exact likelihood. However, in other situations, researchers can choose either approach, carefully following best practice. Some previous claims recommending to always use a one‐stage approach are misleading, and the two‐stage approach will often suffice for most researchers. When differences do arise between the two approaches, often it is caused by researchers using different modelling assumptions or estimation methods, rather than using one or two stages per se.
Comparative utility of hermetic and conventional grain storage bags for smallholder farmers: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Ngoma Theresa N , Monjerezi Maurice , Leslie John F , Mvumi Brighton M , Harvey Jagger JW , Matumba Limbikani 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPostharvest management is critical to attaining household food, nutrition, and income security. Hermetic grain storage bags offer an effective pesticide‐free way to protect stored grain against fungal and insect infestation. We evaluated articles indexed in the Web of Science that included experiments comparing the storage efficacy of conventional and hermetic storage bags based on grain germination rate, insect infestation, physical damage, mycotoxin contamination, and changes in weight and moisture content. Compared with grain stored in hermetic bags, grain stored in conventional bags lost 3.6‐fold more seed viability, contained 42‐fold more insects, had 11‐fold more physical damage, and lost 23‐fold more grain weight, while grain moisture levels were similar for both hermetic and conventional storage bags. Mycotoxin contamination levels were not as frequently assessed. Levels could be low in grain stored in both types of bags, or levels could be low in hermetic bags and significantly higher in conventional bags. The improved properties of grain stored in hermetic bags can increase food security and household income by providing safe storage options for maintaining seed germinability, and for consumption and/or sale when food supplies are high, or when prices are low. Hermetic bags are economically feasible for use by subsistence farmers in Sub‐Saharan Africa for grain for household consumption and for carrying‐over seed for planting in the next season. Additional studies are needed to verify the mycotoxin contamination results and to determine if there are differences in functional food characteristics, e.g. flavor and cooking properties, that have not been as comprehensively studied. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of different lactic acid bacteria on the characteristic flavor profiles of Chinese rice wine
Authors: Yang Yijin , Li Shen , Xia Yongjun , Wang Guangqiang , Ni Li , Zhang Hui , Ai Lianzhong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been well accepted that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the main bacterial genera present during the brewing of Chinese rice wine (CRW). LAB plays a decisive role in the flavor quality of CRW; however, its application in CRW has previously been overlooked. Therefore, effects of different LAB as co‐fermenter on the flavor characteristics of CRW were investigated.RESULTSCo‐fermentation of LAB increased the utilization rate of reducing sugar, concentration of lactic acid, amino acid nitrogen and total acidity, as well as the content of volatile flavor compounds. Different LAB doses had little effect on the flavor profiles of CRW, but the species of LAB greatly affected the flavor characteristic. The flavor of CRW co‐fermented with Lactococcus lactis was characterized by long‐chain fatty acid ethyl esters, while co‐fermentation with Weissella confusa highlighted the ethyl esters of low molecular weight and short carbon chains in the resultant CRW. Alcohol compounds were dominant in the CRW co‐fermented using Pediococcus pentosaceus.CONCLUSIONThe co‐fermentation of LAB increased the number of volatile flavor compounds, especially esters. LAB exhibited great potential in the application of CRW industry to enrich the flavor characteristics and enhance the flavor diversity of the final product. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Correlation of Ocular Plane‐Wave Doppler With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Preeclampsia
Authors: Silverman Ronald H. , Urs Raksha , Wapner Ronald J. , Valenzuela Ives A. , Coleman Hanna R. , Bearelly Srilaxmi 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesPreeclampsia (PE) is a severe complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, proteinuria and compromised fetal blood supply. The eye, like other end organs, is affected by this systemic condition, but unlike in other organs, ocular media transparency allows high‐resolution optical visualization of the vascular structure of the retina. Our aim was to assess how ultrasound‐determined ocular blood‐flow correlates with vascular structure of the retina and choriocapillaris determined by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsPlane‐wave ultrasound and OCTA were performed on both eyes of 40 consecutive subjects consisting of normal controls (n = 11), mild PE (n = 5), severe PE (n = 17) and chronic or gestational hypertension (n = 7) within 72 hours following delivery. From ultrasound, we measured pulsatile flow velocity and resistance indices in the central retinal artery (CRA) and vein, the short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs) and choroid. From OCTA, we measured vascular density (VD) in the superficial, deep retina and choriocapillaris. We determined differences in Doppler and OCTA parameters among groups and correlations between ultrasound and OCTA.ResultsIn severe PE, flow resistance was reduced with respect to controls. Flow velocity and resistance in the and SPCA were moderately correlated with VD in the choriocapillaris and peripapillary retina, but VD in PE did not differ significantly from controls.ConclusionsAlthough OCTA parameters were moderately correlated with Doppler ultrasound, OCTA did not demonstrate significant differences between PE and controls postpartum.
Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Saba Elias S. , Kim Hannah , Huynh Pauline , Jiang Nancy 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveOrofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) is an alternative form of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), that incorporates various exercises to optimize tongue placement and increase oropharyngeal tone. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to determine the efficacy of OMT in OSA patients.Data SourcesPubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science.Review MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, a directed search strategy was performed for randomized control trials (RCTs) published prior to March 24, 2023, featuring 10+ patients with OSA undergoing mono‐therapeutic OMT. The primary outcome of interest was apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI). Secondary outcomes included subjective sleepiness, sleep‐related quality‐of‐life, and snoring frequency.ResultsOf the 1244 abstracts that were identified, 7 RCTs involving 310 patients met inclusion criteria. Adult OMT patients had a statistically significant improvement in AHI (MD −10.2; 95% CI, −15.6, −4.8, p < 0.05), subjective sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale; MD −5.66; 95% CI, −6.82, −4.5, p < 0.05), sleep‐related quality‐of‐life (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; MD −3.00; 95% CI, −4.52, −1.49, p < 0.05), and minimum oxygen saturation (MD 2.71; 95% CI, 0.23, 5.18, p < 0.05) when compared with sham OMT or no therapy. Within the single RCT featuring pediatric OMT patients, patients had poor compliance (<50%) and did not show any improvements in AHI, minimum oxygen saturation, or snoring frequency.ConclusionOMT may provide a reasonable alternative for OSA patients who cannot tolerate CPAP or other more established treatment options. OMT benefits appear limited in children due to poor compliance. More studies are required to evaluate compliance and the long‐term effects of OMT on OSA outcomes.Level of Evidence1 Laryngoscope, 134:480–495, 2024
Impact of Dementia on the Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Head and Neck Cancers: A National Study
Authors: Kandula Rema Anisha , Borne Grant , Kandregula Sandeep , Beyl Robbie , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundDementia, a growing concern among the elderly, has an increased poor postoperative outcome that goes unrecognized by many. Our study aims to establish if dementia plays a role in the outcomes of head and neck cancer patients that undergo resections.MethodsWe queried the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 to 2019 with a primary diagnosis of head and neck cancer who underwent surgical resection. Outcomes analyzed include postoperative delirium, ICU stay, complications, length of stay, and non‐routine discharge.ResultsA total of 77095 patients were included, of which 1140 patients had dementia. The mean age of the patients with dementia was 77.5 years (±9.1) versus 63.2 years (±12.1) with no dementia. Dementia patients had a higher non‐home discharge rate (77.2% vs 46.8%, p = <0.001), extended length of stay (10.9 days ±14.7 vs 7.9 days ±8.8), postoperative delirium (15.4% vs 1.5%, p = <0.001), and longer ICU stay (8.3% vs 5.8%) as compared with patients with no dementia. A higher number of patients with Dementia were placed in long‐term facilities (53.5% vs 14.6%) postoperatively. More dementia patients (7.9% vs 0.9%) were transferred in from another health care facility for surgery. Dementia was associated with higher odds of delirium (OR, 6.36; 95% CI, 5.2–7.77), non‐routine discharge (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.76–2.3), ventilation (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6–1.05), and length of stay (estimate 3.01, 95% CI, 1.84–4.184).ConclusionPreoperative dementia significantly impacts postoperative delirium, non‐home discharge, and extended length of stay in head and neck cancer patients undergoing surgery.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:1258–1264, 2024
Computational fluid dynamics of upper airway aerodynamics for exercise‐induced laryngeal obstruction: A feasibility study
Authors: Döllinger Michael , Jakubaß Bernhard , Cheng Hu , Carter Stephen J. , Kniesburges Stefan , Aidoo Bea , Lee Chi Hwan , Milstein Claudio , Patel Rita R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveUse of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to measure the changes in upper airway geometry and aerodynamics during (a) an episode of Exercise‐Induced Laryngeal Obstruction (EILO) and (b) speech therapy exercises commonly employed for patients with EILO.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging stills of the upper airway including the nasal and oral cavities from an adult female were used to re‐construct three‐dimensional geometries of the upper airway. The CFD simulations were used to compute the maximum volume flow rate (l/s), pressure (Pa), airflow velocity (m/s) and area of cross‐section opening in eight planes along the vocal tract, separately for inhalation and exhalation.ResultsNumerical predictions from three‐dimensional geometrical modeling of the upper airway suggest that the technique of nose breathing for inhalation and pursed lip breathing for exhalation show most promising pressure conditions and cross‐sectional diameters for rescue breathing exercises. Also, if EILO is due to the constriction at the vocal fold level, then a quick sniff may also be a proper rescue inhalation exercise. EILO affects both the inspiratory and the expiratory phases of breathing.ConclusionsA prior knowledge of the supraglottal aerodynamics and the corresponding upper airway geometry from CFD analysis has the potential to assist the clinician in choosing the most effective rescue breathing technique for optimal functional outcome of speech therapy intervention in patients with EILO and in understanding the pathophysiology of EILO on a case‐by‐case basis with future studies.Level of Evidence4
9‐POHSA prevents NF‐kB activation and ameliorates LPS‐induced inflammation in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Situmorang Jiro Hasegawa , Chen Ming‐Cheng , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Lin Shinn‐Zong , Shih Cheng‐Yen , Lin Pi‐Yu , Loh Ching‐Hui , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLiver inflammation has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, leading to the development of diseases like hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and fatty liver disease. One factor that has been linked to liver inflammation is increased levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can be caused by poor diets and sedentary lifestyles that contribute to liver inflammation. There is promising research on a new class of lipids called fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), which have been shown to potentiate insulin release and exert an anti‐inflammatory effect. Specifically, one type of FAHFA called 9‐POHSA (palmitoleic acid ester of 9‐hydroxy stearic acid) has been studied for its potential to attenuate inflammation‐related indexes induced by LPS in hepatocytes, which play a critical role in the progression of liver inflammation. This study found that following LPS treatment, tumor necrosis factor‐ α, interleukin‐6, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were upregulated and increased cell migration, but 9‐POHSA pre‐treatment attenuated the upregulation of these markers and prevented cell migration induced by LPS. Using flowcytometry analysis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found to be responsible for CTGF upregulation. In addition, the effects of 9‐POHSA were likely associated with its inhibition of the activation of the NF‐kB. These results suggest that 9‐POHSA has potential as a therapy for liver inflammation and fibrosis by attenuating inflammation‐related indexes induced by LPS in hepatocytes. This study provides important insight into the mechanisms of liver inflammation and the potential for new treatments to address liver diseases.
A global review of pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean's elusive gelatinous “fire‐bodies”
Authors: Lilly Laura E. , Suthers Iain M. , Everett Jason D. , Richardson Anthony J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPyrosomes are colonial tunicates that form gelatinous tubes and occasionally produce bioluminescent swarms. The rapid “bloom‐bust” dynamics of pyrosomes have the potential to outcompete other zooplankton, restructure marine food webs, enhance carbon export, and interfere with human activities. Pyrosomes have been recorded for at least two centuries, yet much remains unknown about their physiology, bloom mechanisms, and ecosystem impacts. Recent bloom reports prompt the question of whether frequencies or densities are increasing, and whether potential population changes are caused by ocean change. This review clarifies current information on pyrosome biology and ecology and explores apparent contradictions in habitat preferences and diel vertical migration (DVM). We posit that the dominant species, Pyrosoma atlanticum, may preferentially inhabit waters below 18°C and alter its DVM activity to maintain overall body temperature near this threshold. Expanding our knowledge of pyrosomes is needed to facilitate their inclusion in ecosystem models and forecasts of future population distributions.
Autosomal Dominant MPAN: Mosaicism Expands the Clinical Spectrum to Atypical Late‐Onset Phenotypes
Authors: Angelini Chloé , Durand Christelle Marie , Fergelot Patricia , Deforges Julie , Vital Anne , Menegon Patrice , Sarrazin Elizabeth , Bellance Rémi , Mathis Stéphane , Gonzalez Victoria , Renaud Mathilde , Frismand Solène , Schmitt Emmanuelle , Rouanet Marie , Burglen Lydie , Chabrol Brigitte , Desnous Béatrice , Arveiler Benoît , Stevanin Giovanni , Coupry Isabelle , Goizet Cyril 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMitochondrial membrane protein‐associated neurodegeneration (MPAN) is caused by mutations in the C19orf12 gene. MPAN typically appears in the first two decades of life and presents with progressive dystonia‐parkinsonism, lower motor neuron signs, optic atrophy, and abnormal iron deposits predominantly in the basal ganglia. MPAN, initially considered as a strictly autosomal recessive disease (AR), turned out to be also dominantly inherited (AD).ObjectivesOur aim was to better characterize the clinical, molecular, and functional spectra associated with such dominant pathogenic heterozygous C19orf12 variants.MethodsWe collected clinical, imaging, and molecular information of eight individuals from four AD‐MPAN families and obtained brain neuropathology results for one. Functional studies, focused on energy and iron metabolism, were conducted on fibroblasts from AD‐MPAN patients, AR‐MPAN patients, and controls.ResultsWe identified four heterozygous C19orf12 variants in eight AD‐MPAN patients. Two of them carrying the familial variant in mosaic displayed an atypical late‐onset phenotype. Fibroblasts from AD‐MPAN showed more severe alterations of iron storage metabolism and autophagy compared to AR‐MPAN cells.ConclusionOur data add strong evidence of the realness of AD‐MPAN with identification of novel monoallelic C19orf12 variants, including at the mosaic state. This has implications in diagnosis procedures. We also expand the phenotypic spectrum of MPAN to late onset atypical presentations. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time more drastic abnormalities of iron metabolism and autophagy in AD‐MPAN than in AR‐MPAN. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.