bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cuticular waxes affect fruit surface color in blueberries
Authors: Yan Yifan , Dossett Michael , Castellarin Simone D. 
Published: March 2023

Societal Impact StatementIn blueberry, fruit color is one of the most important quality traits affecting consumers' choices. Both pigments and waxes impact fruit color; however, their roles have not been clearly elucidated. Here, the contributions of waxes and anthocyanins to fruit color are characterized. A higher content of β‐diketones—the second largest wax group in blueberries—determines a lighter fruit color; hence revealing that, at harvest, waxes contribute more than anthocyanins in determining variations in fruit color among blueberry varieties.Summary

Fruit color is one of the major quality traits determining the marketability of fruits by affecting consumers' choices. In blueberries, although fruit surface color is mainly determined by pigments (e.g., anthocyanins), cuticular waxes also play a role in modulating the surface color, and a lighter color given by a dense wax bloom is normally preferred by consumers.
This study investigated the content and composition of cuticular waxes and their roles in modulating fruit surface color in 12 (seven northern highbush, three southern highbush, and two hybrids) blueberry genotypes at harvest (H1, representing the first commercial pick, and H2, representing the second commercial pick). The ultrastructural morphology of cuticular waxes was analyzed in four selected genotypes by scanning electron microscopy. The level and profile of anthocyanins and their contributions to the color were also assessed.
Total cuticular wax content ranged from 27.7 to 95.8 μg cm−2 among genotypes at H1 and decreased by an average of 23.9% from H1 to H2. Triterpenoids (62.5% of the total cuticular waxes on average) and β‐diketones (22.9% on average) were the first and second largest wax groups in all genotypes, respectively. β‐Diketones were previously proven to affect leaf surface color in wheat; in this study, their content strongly correlated with the lightness of the blueberry surface. Scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct wax morphologies among genotypes. No significant relationships were found between total or individual anthocyanin concentrations and fruit surface color.
Our results suggest that, at harvest, variation in the fruit surface color among blueberry genotypes is more closely related to the content and composition of cuticular waxes than the level and profile of anthocyanins, with β‐diketones being particularly important. This study provides new insights for blueberry breeding programs aiming to improve the surface color in order to meet the market demand.
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with volume guarantee and pressure support in neonates: Detailed analysis of ventilator parameters
Authors: Balajthy Andras , Balazs Gergely , Kovacs Tamas , Belteki Gusztav 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the relationship between peak inflating pressure, expired tidal volume, respiratory rate, and inspiratory time of volume‐guaranteed ventilator inflations and pressure‐supported spontaneous breaths during synchronized intermittent positive pressure mode with volume guarantee and pressure support (SIMV‐VG‐PS) in neonates.MethodsVentilator parameters were downloaded every second from 16 babies ventilated with SIMV‐VG‐PS mode using Dräger Babylog VN500 ventilators over 137 days. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide (tcCO2) data were also collected. Data were computationally analysed using Python. The average of each ventilator parameter was determined during each minute separately for ventilator inflations and for spontaneous breaths. These values were compared and their effect on tcCO2 levels was also analysed.ResultsThe relationship between the peak inflating pressure of the volume guaranteed inflations (PIPVG) and pressure‐supported spontaneous breaths (PIPPS) was highly variable. The PIPPS/PIPVG ratio differed significantly from the value (0.66) targeted by clinicians (group median: 0.80, range: 0.50–1.00). PIPPS frequently exceeded PIPVG. When PIPPS/PIPVG was >0.66, the expired tidal volume and the rate of the pressure‐supported spontaneous breaths were also significantly (p < 0.0001) higher, but there was no difference in tcCO2 levels. The flow‐cycled spontaneous breaths had significantly shorter inspiratory times than ventilator inflations.ConclusionsDuring SIMV‐VG‐PS it is difficult to ensure a pressure support level proportionate to the inflating pressure of ventilator inflations and to achieve the stability of tidal volumes.
Severe asthma guidelines in children and adolescents: A practical document for physicians
Authors: Porcaro Federica , Ullmann Nicola , Di Marco Antonio , Allegorico Annalisa , Cherchi Claudio , Paglietti Maria Giovanna , Cutrera Renato 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAsthma is a common disease in childhood with a minority of affected children suffering from severe asthma. Patients with severe asthma require high dose inhaled glucocorticoids plus a second controller and/or systemic corticosteroids to be well‐controlled or remain uncontrolled despite such treatment. Although only a small subset of children and adolescents falls in this category, the management of affected patients represents a major concern for pediatricians. Guidelines and recommendations have been designed to guide the management of this group of patients. Though the terms “recommendations” and “guidelines” are often used interchangeably, it should be noted that the first one should be used more narrowly to identify specific actions and the second one to broadly refer to the umbrella under which multiple recommendations for a specific condition are provided. Moreover, the availability of several and sometimes‐conflicting documents on severe asthma management both in adult and pediatric age could generate confusion among health care professionals. The manuscript analyses seven papers addressing severe asthma, comparing any key aspects and differences. Finally, we tried to create a more practical document for physicians to simplify the interpretation of the several available documents on severe asthma management focusing the pediatric age.
Achieving COVID‐19 herd immunity in Algeria: Current state of vaccination, challenges, and recommendations
Authors: Uhegwu Chijioke Christopher , Abiodun Oyinloye Emmanuel , Haruna Usman Abubakar , Younes Babaz , Moussaouli Bakir , Odey Goodness Ogeyi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has presented Algeria with a slew of issues, including major economic consequences. Despite implementing containment measures, the government has been unable to fully restrict the spread of the virus. To reestablish normalcy and resume economic activities, the government must discover a means to cohabit with the virus, which requires achieving herd immunity. The World Health Organization (WHO) had set a target for 70% of the population to be fully vaccinated by the end of July 2022 in order to achieve herd immunity. However, whereas vaccines are the preferred method for achieving herd immunity, Algeria has only managed to vaccinate 30.2% of its population, with only 13.5% being fully vaccinated, falling significantly short of the vaccination targets set by the WHO. This is due to vaccine hesitancy and a lack of effective vaccine distribution technology. To reach herd immunity levels, the government must gain and maintain public trust in vaccinations and improve vaccine delivery to hard‐to‐reach areas. This paper provides an overview of the current COVID‐19 situation in Algeria, progress made, and challenges toward achieving herd immunity, and recommends solutions for policymakers to develop sustainable interventions.
Portopulmonary hypertension: Success with combined medical treatment
Authors: Hernández María , Esteban Violeta , Ruiz Paloma , Boira Ignacio , Wickmann Phillip , Sancho‐Chust José N. , Gil Joan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPortopulmonary hypertension is an uncommon disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, so its early diagnosis and treatment are essential. We report here the case of a 57‐year‐old man with portopulmonary hypertension caused by chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and also liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C and alcoholism. As well as treating both diseases, portopulmonary hypertension was successfully managed with tadalafil and macitentan as maintenance therapy. This case reminds clinicians that pulmonary hypertension can be multifactorial, a good diagnosis and a multidisciplinary treatment can lead to improved prognosis.
Are protected areas effective in preserving Alpine stream morphology and biodiversity? A field study in the oldest Italian National Park
Authors: Bona Francesca , Bo Tiziano , Doretto Alberto , Falasco Elisa , Zoppi Marta , Fenoglio Stefano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobal changes and local pressures related to the exploitation of water resources are significantly reducing streams' biodiversity and threatening their ecological balance. This trend concerns both the lowland rivers flowing in densely populated areas and the mountain headwaters, where the effects of global change are dramatically evident and often accompanied by alterations in river hydro‐morphology. From mountains to lowlands, regulation and morphological alterations such as bank reinforcement, water abstractions, dams, and weirs are among the most significant threats for river ecosystems. Protected areas and especially large national parks constitute an effective strategy to face the loss of biodiversity, but little is known about their effectiveness regarding lotic environments. To examine the recent trend in aquatic communities in Alpine protected areas, we carried out biological sampling of benthic communities and hydro‐morphological status assessment in 12 high‐altitude streams within the oldest Italian National Park, that is, the Gran Paradiso National Park, located in the heart of the Western Alps, and we compared results with a previous survey performed in 2005, by keeping the same experimental design. Our results detected minimal changes in the hydro‐morphology of the studied watercourses. Biomonitoring indices associated with benthic communities likewise did not provide evidence of significant differences. Conversely, diatom communities were more uniform in 2020 compared to 2005, and a slight species turnover occurred over the 15‐year interval. Despite this, our findings underline the effectiveness of protected areas for the conservation of running water environments because they limit hydro‐morphological alterations, thus increasing the resilience of aquatic communities to climate change.
Multifunctional Resonance Bridge‐Mediated Dynamic Modulation of Perovskite Films For Enhanced Intrinsic Stability of Photovoltaics
Authors: Xu Ligang , Qiu Wei , Feng Ming , Liang Zuowei , Qian Wei , Zhou Cefeng , Zhang Daiquan , Li Meicheng , Lv Wenzhen , Tao Ye , Chen Runfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe improving intrinsic stability, determining the life span of devices, is a challenging task in the industrialization of inverted perovskite solar cells. The most important prerequisite for boosting intrinsic stability is high‐quality perovskite films deposition. Here, a molecule, N‐(2‐pyridyl)pivalamide (NPP) is utilized, as a multifunctional resonance bridge between poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) and perovskite film to regulate the perovskite film quality and promote hole extraction for enhancing the device intrinsic stability. The pyridine groups in NPP couple with the phenyl groups in PTAA through π−π stacking to improve hole extraction capacities and minimize interfacial charge recombination, and the resonance linkages (NCO) in NPP dynamically modulate the perovskite buried defects through strong PbO bonds based on the fast self‐adaptive tautomerization between resonance forms (NCO and N+CO−). Because of the combined effect of the reduction defect density and improved energy level in the perovskite buried interfaces as well as the optimized crystal orientation in perovskite film enabled by the NPP substrate, the devices based on NPP‐grown perovskite films show an efficiency approaching 20% with negligible hysteresis. More impressively, the unencapsulated device displays start‐of‐the‐art intrinsic photostability, operating under continuous 1‐sun illumination for 2373 h at 65 °C without loss of PCE.
Recent Advances in Confining Polyoxometalates and the Applications
Authors: Guo Lin , He Lei , Zhuang Qinghe , Li Bole , Wang Cuifeng , Lv Yanfei , Chu Jinfeng , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs) are widely used in catalysis, energy storage, biomedicine, and other research fields due to their unique acidity, photothermal, and redox features. However, the leaching and agglomeration problems of POMs greatly limit their practical applications. Confining POMs in a host material is an efficient tool to address the above‐mentioned issues. POM@host materials have received extensive attention in recent years. They not only inherent characteristics of POMs and host, but also play a significant synergistic effect from each component. This review focuses on the recent advances in the development and applications of POM@host materials. Different types of host materials are elaborated in detail, including tubular, layered, and porous materials. Variations in the structures and properties of POMs and hosts before and after confinement are highlighted as well. In addition, an overview of applications for the representative POM@host materials in electrochemical, catalytic, and biological fields is provided. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of POM@host composites are discussed.
Adapting a strategic foresight framework to reuse integration
Authors: Grumbach Joshua Logan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe integration of reuse components and subsystems into complex systems is continuing to increase in development programs as a method to reduce resources needed and to reduce complexity. Previous research identified that reuse can commonly be a driver of system integration failures. A previous work identified four considerations for ensuring that reuse is integrated into a system successfully. This paper adapts a framework from the discipline of Strategic Foresight that provides a fixed roadmap for addressing the considerations. The framework consists of 10 guidelines across six phases, Framing, Scanning, Forecasting, Visioning, Planning, and Acting. The framework was evaluated against 18 historical systems that failed due to reuse components or subsystems to determine if the framework would have mitigated the failure mechanisms around the reuse. The framework was found to have mitigated 100% of the failure mechanisms across the 18 systems.
Triphenyl phosphate‐induced macrophages dysfunction by activation TLR4‐mediated ERK/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Lin Zeheng , Zhang Wei , Li Xing , Du Bohai , Li Tianlan , He Haoqi , Lu Xianzhu , Zhang Chunmei , Liu Yiwa , Ni Jindong , Li Li , Shi Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTriphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is one of the most widely used organic phosphorus flame retardants and is ubiquitous in the environment. Studies have been reported that TPHP may lead to obesity, neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, but its impact on the immune system is almost blank. The present study was aimed to investigate the potential immunotoxicity of TPHP on macrophages and its underlying mechanism. The results demonstrated for the first time that TPHP (12.5, 25, and 50 μM)‐induced F4/80+CD11c+ phenotype of RAW 264.7 macrophages, accompanied by increased mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators, antigen‐presenting genes (Cd80, Cd86, and H2‐Aa), and significantly enhanced the phagocytosis of macrophage. Meanwhile, TPHP increased the expression of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and its co‐receptor CD14, leading to significant activation of the downstream ERK/NF‐κB pathway. However, co‐exposure of cells to TAK‐242, a TLR4 inhibitor, suppressed TPHP‐induced F4/80+CD11c+ phenotype, and down‐regulated inflammatory mediators and antigen‐presentation related genes, via blocked the TLR4/ERK/NF‐κB pathway. Taken together, our results suggested that TPHP could induce macrophage dysfunction through activating TLR4‐mediated ERK/NF‐κB signaling pathway, and it may be the potential reason for health‐threatening consequences.
Metal‐Free Transfer C−H Borylation of Substituted Thiophenes
Authors: Desrosiers Vincent , Gaudy Audrey , Giroux Kelly‐Anne , Fontaine Frédéric‐Georges 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThiophenes are crucial chemical building blocks in the fields of medicinal and material chemistry. As such, the C−H functionalization of these units is of key importance for developing novel applications. Herein, we report the C−H borylation of thiophenes using metal‐free transfer C−H borylation. When performed on C2‐substituted thiophenes, the reaction is selective for the borylation on C5, while C3‐substituted thiophenes are borylated on C2, a complementary selectivity from reported C−H borylation approaches that typically prefer to borylate at the C5 position. An optimization of the catalytic system was performed. The reaction was shown to work with electronically diverse thiophenes and was also compatible with sensitive functional groups. Computational investigation of the reaction mechanism suggests a Lewis pair C−H activation mechanism with a selectivity that is kinetically driven. The methodology developed herein is an economical pathway for the preparation of C2‐borylated C3‐substituted thiophenes.
Psychological Constructs as Organizing Principles
Authors: Borsboom Denny 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKlaas Sijtsma has suggested that psychological constructs, such as those invoked in the study of intelligence, personality, and psychopathology, should be understood as organizing principles with respect to elements of behavior, including item response behavior. In a discussion in the journal Psychometrika, Sijtsma (Psychometrika, 71(3), 451–455 (2006)) contrasted this position with the common cause interpretation of Item Response Theory (IRT) models and the associated theory of validity that I had articulated some years earlier (Borsboom, Psychological Review, 111(4), 1061–1071 (2004)), arguing that this theory of validity was far too strong given the immature status of psychological constructs. In the present chapter, I present an alternative understanding of IRT models in terms of psychometric networks, which is inspired by Sijtsma’s idea of constructs as organizing principles. From the weak premise that psychological constructs organize behaviors, in the sense of identifying behavioral elements that structurally hang together, in the present chapter, I show how one can build up a psychometric approach that can motivate and guide the use of tests in psychology in the absence of strong common cause interpretations.
Bounding entanglement wedge cross sections
Authors: Jain Parul , Jokela Niko , Järvinen Matti , Mahapatra Subhash 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The entanglement wedge cross sections (EWCSs) are postulated as dual gravity probes to certain measures for the entanglement of multiparty systems. We test various proposed inequalities for EWCSs. As it turns out, contrary to expectations, the EWCS is not clearly monogamous nor polygamous for tripartite systems but the results depend on the details and dimensionality of the geometry of the gravity solutions. We propose weaker monogamy relations for dual entanglement measures, which lead to a new lower bound on EWCS. Our work is based on a plethora of gravity backgrounds: pure anti de Sitter spaces, anti de Sitter black branes, those induced by a stack of Dp-branes, and cigar geometries in generic dimension.
AdS/BCFT with brane-localized scalar field
Authors: Kanda Hiroki , Sato Masahide , Suzuki Yu-ki , Takayanagi Tadashi , Wei Zixia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the dynamics of end-of-the-world (EOW) branes in AdS with scalar fields localized on the branes as a new class of gravity duals of CFTs on manifolds with boundaries. This allows us to construct explicit solutions dual to boundary RG flows. We also obtain a variety of annulus-like or cone-like shaped EOW branes, which are not possible without the scalar field. We also present a gravity dual of a CFT on a strip with two different boundary conditions due to the scalar potential, where we find the confinement/deconfinement-like transition as a function of temperature and the scalar potential. Finally, we point out that this phase transition is closely related to the measurement-induced phase transition, via a Wick rotation.
Aggregation-prone TDP-43 sequesters and drives pathological transitions of free nuclear TDP-43
Authors: Keating Sean S. , Bademosi Adekunle T. , San Gil Rebecca , Walker Adam K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAggregation of the RNA-binding protein, TDP-43, is the unifying hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. TDP-43-related neurodegeneration involves multiple changes to normal physiological TDP-43, which undergoes nuclear depletion, cytoplasmic mislocalisation, post-translational modification, and aberrant liquid–liquid phase separation, preceding inclusion formation. Along with toxic cytoplasmic aggregation, concurrent depletion and dysfunction of normal nuclear TDP-43 in cells with TDP-43 pathology is likely a key potentiator of neurodegeneration, but is not well understood. To define processes driving TDP-43 dysfunction, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated fluorescent tagging to investigate how disease-associated stressors and pathological TDP-43 alter abundance, localisation, self-assembly, aggregation, solubility, and mobility dynamics of normal nuclear TDP-43 over time in live cells. Oxidative stress stimulated liquid–liquid phase separation of endogenous TDP-43 into droplet-like puncta, or spherical shell-like anisosomes. Further, nuclear RNA-binding-ablated or acetylation-mimicking TDP-43 readily sequestered and depleted free normal nuclear TDP-43 into dynamic anisosomes, in which recruited endogenous TDP-43 proteins remained soluble and highly mobile. Large, phosphorylated inclusions formed by nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregation-prone TDP-43 mutants also caused sequestration, but rendered endogenous TDP-43 immobile and insoluble, indicating pathological transition. These findings suggest that RNA-binding deficiency and post-translational modifications including acetylation exacerbate TDP-43 aggregation and dysfunction by driving sequestration, mislocalisation, and depletion of normal nuclear TDP-43 in neurodegenerative diseases.