bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic disaggregation of seasonal precipitation forecasts of the West African Regional Climate Outlook Forum
Authors: Houngnibo Mandela Coovi Mahuwètin , Ali Abdou , Agali Alhassane , Waongo Moussa , Lawin Agnidé Emmanuel , Cohard Jean‐Martial 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeasonal rainfall forecasts from the West African Regional Climate Outlook Forum (RCOF) are essential for adapting to climate variability. However, their temporal aggregated nature is a strong limitation, especially when used with impact models requiring daily resolution, such as hydrological or crop models. To address this issue, this study proposes a temporal disaggregation method for these forecasts using in situ data from two districts (Kandi and Parakou) in northern Benin, spanning from 1971 to 2020. A resampling technique was used to construct a daily historical record that aligns with seasonal rainfall forecasts. Three stochastic disaggregation models for rainfall (SRGs) were developed, including two parametric models (SRG1 and SRG2) and one semiparametric (SRG3). Their parameters were estimated from the resampled record to generate daily synthetic data replicating the forecasts. Evaluation of the SRGs revealed that SRG2, which combined a first‐order Markov chain with a mixed exponential distribution, performs well in simulating various characteristics of the rainy season, including dry spells, wet spells and daily precipitations. Furthermore, SRG2 maintained the trends of the initial forecasts and outperformed SRG1 and SRG3, as confirmed by the chi‐square test. Indeed, a good agreement was observed between the probabilities of the initial prediction and those calculated from the temporal disaggregation with the SRG2 method. Also, for the forecasts expressed by probabilities 15–35–50 and 20–50–30, the cumulative distribution function curves (CDF) of the SRGs exhibited appropriate shifts compared to climatology. These forecasts were specific to the Kandi area in 2008 and 2003, respectively, during the West African RCOFs. Although this study focused specifically on the Kandi and Parakou districts, the temporal disaggregation methodology used can be applied to other locations within West Africa or other RCOFs worldwide. This study offers valuable guidance for generating sector‐specific seasonal forecasts for the West African region.
A 4‐week advance in the growing season in Napa Valley, California,USA
Authors: Cayan Daniel R. , DeHaan Laurel , Tyree Mary , Nicholas Kimberly A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe growing season start and duration, along with other temperature‐related measures of importance to premium wine grapes in Napa Valley, California have changed as climate over the western United States has warmed. The growing season start has varied from year to year with a standard deviation of about 3 weeks, but over the 1958–2016 record a linear fit to the time sequence shows it advanced by more than 4 weeks. Over the study period, advances in the growing season were strongly influenced by temperature increases beginning in the late 1960s with warm anomalies generally persisting through recent years. The date upon which the growing season accumulated 1400 growing degree‐days also shifted earlier by about 4 weeks. Other measures swung to a warmer status, including the mean temperature of the last 45 days of the growing season, which warmed by over 1.5°C. Warming days and especially warming nights contributed to the growing season advance as well as trends towards warmer expressions of other viticultural measures. Years with earlier and warmer growing seasons experienced a substantial reduction in the number of daily cool extremes, and an increase in daily warm extremes, including the number of days whose temperature reaches or exceeds 35°C.
Intensification of drought propagation over the Yangtze River basin under climate warming
Authors: Ma Feng , Yuan Xing , Liu Xinyue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought is critical for better understanding hydrological drought. However, how climate change would affect the drought propagation has not been well studied, especially over regions mixed with massive human interventions. The study attempts to explore changes in the characteristics of meteorological and hydrological droughts, and the corresponding drought propagation under different climate change scenarios across six watersheds over the Yangtze River basin (YZB). Seasonal meteorological and hydrological droughts were characterized by using standardized precipitation and streamflow index at 3‐month scales (SPI‐3 and SSI‐3), which were calculated using precipitation simulations from 15 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate models and streamflow simulations from PCR‐GLOBWB 2.0 hydrological model driven by CMIP6 outputs. Drought propagation characteristics, including propagation ratio, lag and lengthening, were then determined. Both meteorological and hydrological drought durations would shorten, while their drought severity would increase excluding a downstream watershed. About 40%–50% of meteorological droughts could develop into hydrological droughts, with lag time less than 1.4 months and lengthening time less than 1.8 months, respectively. Under climate warming, the drought propagation ratio would increase over two watersheds, while decrease and then increase over three watersheds. The drought propagation lag time is expected to prolong over the regions above Cuntan under moderate emission scenario, while prolong first and then shorten over most watersheds under high‐emission scenario. The drought propagation lengthening time would shorten over most watersheds excluding a downstream watershed, where drought conditions would further worsen during drought propagation. This study calls for climate mitigation efforts to suppress drought aggravation in the propagation particularly for the downstream YZB.
O/D emulsions stabilized by quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants together with alumina nanoparticles
Authors: Wei Peng , Wu Faming , Zhang Qinghua , Liu Zhirong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOil‐in‐dispersion (O/D) emulsions are the focus in many fields due to their new microstructures and new functions. Herein, O/D emulsions were successfully prepared using series of cationic gemini surfactants 12‐s‐12 (s = 2, 3, and 6) and alumina nanoparticles. The microstructures and type of emulsions were identified using optical microscopy, zeta potential and contact angle methods. Gemini surfactants with two head groups carry more charges than that of conventional surfactants when adsorbed at the oil–water interface. The O/D emulsions can be stabilized at lower surfactant concentrations compared with the conventional single‐headed surfactants. In the presence of 0.1 wt% alumina nanoparticles, gemini surfactants 12‐s‐12 (s = 2, 3, and 6) can stabilize emulsions at the concentration of 3 × 10−4 mM (1.84 × 10−5 wt%), 6 × 10−4 mM (3.76 × 10−5 wt%) and 1 × 10−3 mM (6.68 × 10−5 wt%), respectively. Addition of excessive organic salts such as sodium salicylate and sodium p‐methylbenzenesulfonate shielded the head group charges of gemini surfactants, leading to gemini surfactants to behave as nonionic surfactants Adsorption of surfactants at the alumina nanoparticles occurred, resulting in the transformation from the O/D emulsions to Pickering emulsions. This work shows the advantages of preparing O/D emulsions using gemini surfactants and also provides a new methods of emulsion type transformations by adding excessive oppositely charged organic salts.
Fabrication mechanism and functional properties of ovalbumin fibrils prepared by acidic heat treatment
Authors: Chang Cuihua , Li Xin , Li Junhua , Su Yujie , Gu Luping , Xiong Wen , Yang Yanjun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDOvalbumin (OVA), accounting for 50% of proteins in egg white, is a kind of high‐quality protein with excellent nutritional and processing functions. Acid heat treatment will induce the deformation and filtration of OVA, endowing it with improved functionality. However, the molecular kinetic process during the fibrillation of OVA and the application of the fabricated OVA fibrils (OVAFs) have not been thoroughly studied and revealed.RESULTSIn this study, the fabrication mechanism and the application OVAFs as an interfacial stabilizer and polyphenol protector were investigated. Acidic (pH 3.0) heat treatment was used to induce the fibrillation of OVA, and thioflavin T fluorescence intensity, molecular weight distribution, and the tertiary and secondary structures of OVAF samples were recorded to determine the fibrillation efficiency and the molecular mechanism. The results showed that, in the initial stage of fibrillation, OVA first hydrolyzed to oligopeptides, accompanied by the exposure of hydrophobic domains. Then, oligopeptides were connected by disulfide bonds to form primary fibril monomers. Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding may participate in the further polymerization of the fibrils. The fabricated OVAFs were characterized by a β‐sheet‐rich structure and possessed improved emulsifying, foaming, and polyphenol protection ability.CONCLUSIONThe research work was meaningful for exploring the application of globular water‐soluble OVA in an emerging nutritious food with novel texture and sensory properties. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Air speed and plastic crate vent‐holes for wine grape quality during postharvest dehydration: commercial and laboratory studies
Authors: Santini Gregorio , Bianchi Alessandro , Pettinelli Stefano , Modesti Margherita , Cerreta Raffaele , Bellincontro Andrea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAirflow is an important issue to favor postharvest dehydration keeping wine grape quality. The aim of this experimental work was to analyze the grape quality during postharvest dehydration: (i) in a commercial facility (‘fruttaia’) by monitoring the efficiency of the ventilation system and (ii) at laboratory level, studying the influence of crate type and airflow direction.RESULTSIn the fruttaia, the airflow was provided by an air duct hanging from the ceiling, and by floor fans. A great gap in air speed from 0 up to 3.7 m s−1 was measured in different sectors of the fruttaia, leading to a different weight loss and grape quality in crates, depending on crate stack height and sector. At the laboratory level, two tunnels, with exhaust or supply fans, were used and four crate types with different percentages of vent‐holes were adopted. A decrease of about 5% delayed the weight loss rate depending on the type of crate, and the exhaust fan guaranteed a faster dehydration.CONCLUSIONThe results clarified the inefficiency of the commercial ventilation system in ensuring homogeneous grape weight loss in all crates. In addition, the exhaust fan guaranteed a more uniform air distribution around crates, and a slightly higher air speed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Utility of Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Monitoring of a Free Jejunal Flap
Authors: Maeda Taku , Ishikawa Kosuke , Oda Yoichiro , Kano Satoshi , Tsushima Nayuta , Sakashita Tomohiro , Homma Akihiro , Yamamoto Yuhei , Funayama Emi 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesExternal color Doppler ultrasonography is reported to be a useful monitoring technique that is simple and noninvasive; however, details of imaging of the transferred free jejunal flap have not been reported. We reviewed our experience using external color Doppler ultrasonography to monitor a transferred free jejunal flap and examined its utility.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsSubjects were 43 patients who underwent total pharyngolaryngectomy, reconstruction with a free jejunal flap, and color Doppler ultrasonography before, during, and after surgery between September 2017 and December 2021.ResultsDuring surgery, arterial thrombosis was detected up to 100% with the loss of continuous color signals in the entire circumference. After surgery, the positive predictive value was 100% for each of wiggling movement, dynamic intestinal movement, and continuous color signals in the entire circumference on color Doppler ultrasonography for detecting flap viability. Their negative predictive value was 100%, 7.1%, and 50%, respectively.ConclusionsDuring surgery, the continuous color signals in the entire circumference sign were useful with 100% negative predictive value for detecting the arterial thrombosis. After surgery, the wiggling movement sign very was useful with 100% positive and negative predictive values, enabling salvage surgery to be performed soon after detection of flap failure.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:3361–3369, 2023
Development and deployment of a long‐term aquatic eddy covariance system
Authors: Coogan Jeff , Long Matthew H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aquatic eddy covariance (AEC) technique is a versatile tool for understanding benthic fluxes, and calculating primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism rates of benthic communities. A limitation for researchers has been the length of deployments where the major constraints have primarily been sensor breakage and degradation over time and battery consumption. This paper evaluates the design and deployment of a long‐term eddy covariance system (LECS) that was deployed in a temperate seagrass meadow for 6 months that resulted in reliable data 79% of the time. The system consisted of a fixed bottom lander that measured the AEC and a surface buoy that transmitted real time data and provided solar power. This study found a gradual reduction in sensor response time, likely due to fouling, that reduced the response time from 1 to 22 s and resulted in a normalized root square mean error of 8% when comparing the LECS with a second short‐term AEC system. New spectral analysis techniques allow for these changes in sensor response time to be monitored in real time so the sensor can be replaced or cleaned as needed. This ensures future deployments will be able to collect high‐quality data and allow for long‐term analyses of benthic fluxes using the new technology and analyses of the presented LECS.
Synthesis and Characterization of Flexible Meta‐Aramid Modified with 4,4′‐Methylenedianiline
Authors: Hong Wenqin , Zhang Zheng , Xu Changhai , Xiao Guowei , Miao Dagang , Jiang Yang , Du Jinmei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMeta‐aramids (poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide), PMIA) have excellent flame, heat resistance, and electrical insulation. However, the rigid molecular backbone of PMIA and the strong hydrogen bonding force between its molecular chains make it poorly flexible, soluble, and processed. In this study, a series of modified PMIA containing methylene groups on the main chain (APMIA‐n, where n is the molar fraction of 4,4′‐methylenedianiline (MDA) in m‐phenylenediamine, and n = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20) is synthesized by introducing different ratios of MDA into PMIA by copolymerization. APMIA‐n films are prepared by the solution casting method. The results show some improvement in the solubility of APMIA‐n in polar organic solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. With the increase of the molar fraction of MDA, the tensile modulus of obtained APMIA‐n films decrease from 4.62 to 2.98 GPa, indicating that the flexibility of the films is evidently increased. APMIA‐n films are self‐extinguishing which suggests that the addition of MDA during copolymerization has a slight influence on the flame resistance of the synthesized PMIA. Moreover, APMIA‐n films containing MDA components exhibit good optical transparency, which may expand the application of PMIA in more fields such as packaging and screen display.
Longitudinal Imaging of Regional Brain Volumes, SV2A, and Glucose Metabolism In Huntington's Disease
Authors: Delva Aline , Van Laere Koen , Vandenberghe Wim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of disease‐modifying treatments for Huntington's disease (HD) could be aided by the use of imaging biomarkers of disease progression. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C‐UCB‐J, a radioligand for the brain‐wide presynaptic marker synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), detects more widespread brain changes in early HD than volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18F‐fludeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) PET, but longitudinal 11C‐UCB‐J PET data have not been reported. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of 11C‐UCB‐J PET, 18F‐FDG PET, and volumetric MRI for detection of longitudinal changes in early HD.MethodsSeventeen HD mutation carriers (six premanifest and 11 early manifest) and 13 healthy controls underwent 11C‐UCB‐J PET, 18F‐FDG PET, and volumetric MRI at baseline (BL) and after 21.4 ± 2.7 months (Y2). Within‐group and between‐group longitudinal clinical and imaging changes were assessed.ResultsThe HD group showed significant 2‐year worsening of Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale motor scores. There was significant longitudinal volume loss within the HD group in caudate (−4.5% ± 3.8%), putamen (−3.6% ± 3.5%), pallidum (−3.0% ± 2.7%), and frontal cortex (−2.0% ± 2.1%) (all P < 0.001). Within the HD group there was longitudinal loss of putaminal SV2A binding (6.4% ± 8.8%, P = 0.01) and putaminal glucose metabolism (−2.8% ± 4.4%, P = 0.008), but these changes were not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Premanifest subjects at BL only had significantly lower SV2A binding than controls in basal ganglia structures, but at Y2 additionally had significant SV2A loss in frontal and parietal cortex, indicating spread of SV2A loss from subcortical to cortical regions.ConclusionsVolumetric MRI may be more sensitive than 11C‐UCB‐J PET and 18F‐FDG PET for detection of 2‐year brain changes in early HD. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Detection of a Parkinson's Disease–Specific MicroRNA Signature in Nasal and Oral Swabs
Authors: Schließer Patricia , Struebing Felix L. , Northoff Bernd H. , Kurz Anna , Rémi Jan , Holdt Lesca , Höglinger Günter U. , Herms Jochen , Koeglsperger Thomas 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundBiomaterials from oral and nasal swabs provide, in theory, a potential resource for biomarker development. However, their diagnostic value has not yet been investigated in the context of Parkinson's disease (PD) and associated conditions.ObjectiveWe have previously identified a PD‐specific microRNA (miRNA) signature in gut biopsies. In this work, we aimed to investigate the expression of miRNAs in routine buccal (oral) and nasal swabs obtained from cases with idiopathic PD and isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), a prodromal symptom that often precedes α‐synucleinopathies. We aimed to address their value as a diagnostic biomarker for PD and their mechanistic contribution to PD onset and progression.MethodsHealthy control cases (n = 28), cases with PD (n = 29), and cases with iRBD (n = 8) were prospectively recruited to undergo routine buccal and nasal swabs. Total RNA was extracted from the swab material, and the expression of a predefined set of miRNAs was quantified by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed a significantly increased expression of hsa‐miR‐1260a in cases who had PD. Interestingly, hsa‐miR‐1260a expression levels correlated with diseases severity, as well as olfactory function, in the PD and iRBD cohorts. Mechanistically, hsa‐miR‐1260a segregated to Golgi‐associated cellular processes with a potential role in mucosal plasma cells. Predicted hsa‐miR‐1260a target gene expression was reduced in iRBD and PD groups.ConclusionsOur work demonstrates oral and nasal swabs as a valuable biomarker pool in PD and associated neurodegenerative conditions. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Association of Rare Variants in ARSA with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Senkevich Konstantin , Beletskaia Mariia , Dworkind Aliza , Yu Eric , Ahmad Jamil , Ruskey Jennifer A. , Asayesh Farnaz , Spiegelman Dan , Fahn Stanley , Waters Cheryl , Monchi Oury , Dauvilliers Yves , Dupré Nicolas , Greenbaum Lior , Hassin‐Baer Sharon , Nagornov Ilya , Tyurin Alexandr , Miliukhina Irina , Timofeeva Alla , Emelyanov Anton , Trempe Jean‐François , Zakharova Ekaterina , Alcalay Roy N. , Pchelina Sofya , Gan‐Or Ziv 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral lysosomal genes are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the association between PD and ARSA remains unclear.ObjectivesTo study rare ARSA variants in PD.MethodsTo study rare ARSA variants (minor allele frequency < 0.01) in PD, we performed burden analyses in six independent cohorts with 5801 PD patients and 20,475 controls, followed by a meta‐analysis.ResultsWe found evidence for associations between functional ARSA variants and PD in four cohorts (P ≤ 0.05 in each) and in the meta‐analysis (P = 0.042). We also found an association between loss‐of‐function variants and PD in the United Kingdom Biobank cohort (P = 0.005) and in the meta‐analysis (P = 0.049). These results should be interpreted with caution as no association survived multiple comparisons correction. Additionally, we describe two families with potential co‐segregation of ARSA p.E382K and PD.ConclusionsRare functional and loss‐of‐function ARSA variants may be associated with PD. Further replications in large case–control/familial cohorts are required. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Brain perfusion imaging by multi‐delay arterial spin labeling: Impact of modeling dispersion and interaction with denoising strategies and pathology
Authors: Pires Monteiro Sara , Pinto Joana , Chappell Michael A. , Fouto Ana , Baptista Miguel V. , Vilela Pedro , Figueiredo Patricia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeArterial spin labeling (ASL) acquisitions at multiple post‐labeling delays may provide more accurate quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF), by fitting appropriate kinetic models and simultaneously estimating relevant parameters such as the arterial transit time (ATT) and arterial cerebral blood volume (aCBV). We evaluate the effects of denoising strategies on model fitting and parameter estimation when accounting for the dispersion of the label bolus through the vasculature in cerebrovascular disease.MethodsWe analyzed multi‐delay ASL data from 17 cerebral small vessel disease patients (50 ± 9 y) and 13 healthy controls (52 ± 8 y), by fitting an extended kinetic model with or without bolus dispersion. We considered two denoising strategies: removal of structured noise sources by independent component analysis (ICA) of the control‐label image timeseries; and averaging the repetitions of the control‐label images prior to model fitting.ResultsModeling bolus dispersion improved estimation precision and impacted parameter values, but these effects strongly depended on whether repetitions were averaged before model fitting. In general, repetition averaging improved model fitting but adversely affected parameter values, particularly CBF and aCBV near arterial locations in patients. This suggests that using all repetitions allows better noise estimation at the earlier delays. In contrast, ICA denoising improved model fitting and estimation precision while leaving parameter values unaffected.ConclusionOur results support the use of ICA denoising to improve model fitting to multi‐delay ASL and suggest that using all control‐label repetitions improves the estimation of macrovascular signal contributions and hence perfusion quantification near arterial locations. This is important when modeling flow dispersion in cerebrovascular pathology.