bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Sand Supply and Grain Size on Equilibrium Upper Regime Bedforms
Authors: Sanders Sydney , Jafarinik Sadegh , Hernandez Moreira Ricardo , Johnson Ryan , Balkus Amanda , Ahmadpoor Mahsa , Fryson Brandon , McQueen Briana , Fedele Juan , Viparelli Enrica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNotwithstanding the large number of studies on bedforms such as dunes and antidunes, predicting equilibrium bedform type and geometry for a given flow regime, sediment supply and caliber remains an open problem. Here, we present results from laboratory experiments specifically designed to study how upper regime bedform type and geometry vary with sediment supply and caliber. Experiments were performed in a sediment feed flume with flow rates varying between 5 and 30 l/s and sand supply rates varying between 0.6 and 20 kg/min. We used both uniform and non‐uniform sands with geometric mean diameters varying between 0.22 and 0.87 mm. Analysis of our data and data available in the literature reveals that the ratio of total (bedload plus suspension) volume transport rate of sediment to water discharge Qs/Qw plays a prime control on upper regime equilibrium beds. Equilibrium bedforms transition from washed out dunes (lower regime) to downstream migrating antidunes (upper regime) for Qs/Qw between 0.0003 and 0.0007. For values of Qs/Qw greater than 0.0015, the bedform length increases with Qs/Qw. At these high values of Qs/Qw, equilibrium in fine sand is characterized by upstream migrating antidunes, cyclic steps, and significant suspended load. In experiments with coarse sand, equilibrium is characterized by plane bed with bedload transport in sheet flow mode. Standing waves form at the transition between downstream migrating antidunes and upstream migrating bedforms.
The Timing of Global Floods and Its Association With Climate and Topography
Authors: Torre Zaffaroni Paula , Baldi Germán , Texeira Marcos , Di Bella Carlos M. , Jobbágy Esteban G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUntil recently, the development of a global geography of floods was challenged by the fragmentation and heterogeneity of in situ data and the high costs of processing large amounts of remote sensing data. Such geography would facilitate the exploration of large‐scale drivers of flood extent and timing including wide latitudinal, climate, and topographic effects. Here we used a monthly data set spanning 30 years (Global Surface Water) to develop a worldwide geographical characterization of slow floods (1‐degree grid), weighting the relative contribution of seasonal, interannual, and long‐term fluctuations on overall variability, and quantified precipitation‐flooding delays where seasonality dominated. We explored the dominance of different flooding timings across five main Köppen‐Geiger climates and seven topography classes derived from modeled water table depths (i.e., hydro‐topography) to contribute top‐down insight about the most salient, cross‐regional flooding patterns and their likely large‐scale drivers. Our results showed that, globally, the mean extent of floods averaged 0.48% of the global land area, predominantly associated with hydro‐topography (>2× more extensive in flatter landscapes). Climate drove flood timings, with predictable, seasonally dominated fluctuations in cold regions, interannual, and mixed patterns in temperate climates, and more irregular (higher variability) and unpredictable (less seasonal) patterns in arid regions. Net gains of flooded area dominated temporal variability in 9% of the cells including boreal clusters likely affected by warming trends. We propose that this new geographical perspective of floods can aid different avenues of hydrological research in the upscaling and extrapolation of field studies and the parsimonious representation of floods in hydroclimatic models.
Body composition assessment of people with overweight/obesity with a simplified magnetic resonance imaging method
Authors: Pereira Yoann , Mendelson Monique , Marillier Mathieu , Ghaith Abdallah , Verges Samuel , Borowik Anna , Vuillerme Nicolas , Estève François , Flore Patrice 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo develop a simplified magnetic resonance imaging method (MRI) to assess total adipose tissue (AT) and adipose tissue free mass (ATFM) from three single MRI slices in people with overweight/obesity in order to implement body composition follow-up in a clinical research setting. Body composition of 310 participants (70 women and 240 men, age: 50.8 ± 10.6 years, BMI: 31.3 ± 5.6 kg.m−2) was assessed with 3 single slices (T6-T7, L4-L5 and at mid-thigh) MRI. Multiple regression analysis was used to develop equations predicting AT and ATFM from these three single slices. Then we implemented a longitudinal phase consisting in a 2-month exercise training program during which we tested the sensitivity of these equations in a subgroup of participants with overweight/obesity (n = 79) by comparing the exercise-induced variations between predicted and measured AT and ATFM. The following equations: total AT = − 12.74105 + (0.02919 × age) + (4.27634 × sex (M = 0, F = 1)) + (0.22008 × weight) + (26.92234 × AT T6-T7) + (23.70142 × AT L4-L5) + (37.94739 × AT mid-thigh) and total ATFM = − 33.10721 + (− 0.02363 × age) + (− 3.58052 × sex (M = 0, F = 1)) + (30.02252 × height) + (0.08549 × weight) + (11.36859 × ATFM T6-T7) + (27.82244 × ATFM L4-L5) + (58.62648 × ATFM mid-thigh) showed an excellent prediction (adjusted R2 = 97.2% and R2 = 92.5%; CCC = 0.986 and 0.962, respectively). There was no significant difference between predicted and measured methods regarding the AT variations (− 0.07 ± 2.02 kg, p = 0.70) and the ATFM variations (0.16 ± 2.41 kg, p = 0.49) induced by 2-months of exercise training. This simplified method allows a fully accurate assessment of the body composition of people with obesity in less than 20 min (10 min for images acquisition and analysis, respectively), useful for a follow-up.
A posteriori error approximation in discontinuous Galerkin method on polygonal meshes in elliptic problems
Authors: Jaśkowiec Jan , Pamin Jerzy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe paper presents a posteriori error approximation concept based on residuals in the two-dimensional discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. The approach is relatively simple and effective in application, and it takes advantage of some unique properties of the DG method. The error function is constructed in an enriched approximation space, utilizing the hierarchical nature of the basis functions. Among many versions of the DG method, the most popular one is based on the interior penalty approach. However, in this paper a DG method with finite difference (DGFD) is utilized, where the continuity of the approximate solution is enforced by finite difference conditions applied on the mesh skeleton. In the DG methods arbitrarily shaped finite elements can be used, so in this paper the meshes with polygonal finite elements are considered, including quadrilateral and triangular elements. Some benchmark examples are presented, in which Poisson’s and linear elasticity problems are considered. The examples use various mesh densities and approximation orders to evaluate the errors. The error estimation maps, generated for the discussed tests, indicate a good correlation with the exact errors. In the last example, the error approximation concept is applied for an adaptive hp mesh refinement.
Optimization of PID trajectory tracking controller for a 3-DOF robotic manipulator using enhanced Artificial Bee Colony algorithm
Authors: Azeez Muhammad I. , Abdelhaleem A. M. M. , Elnaggar S. , Moustafa Kamal A. F. , Atia Khaled R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study introduces and compares two optimization techniques, the basic Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and the enhanced Artificial Bee Colony with multi-elite guidance (MGABC), for determining optimal gains of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in a 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) rigid link manipulator (RLM) system. The objective function used in the optimization process is a novel function that is based on the well-known Lyapunov stability functions. This function is evaluated against established error-based objective functions commonly used in control systems. The convergence curves of the optimization process demonstrate that the MGABC algorithm outperforms the basic ABC algorithm by effectively exploring the search space and avoiding local optima. The evaluation of the controller's performance in trajectory tracking reveals the superiority of the Lyapunov-based objective function (LBF), with significant improvements over other objective functions such as IAE, ISE, ITAE, MAE and MRSE. The optimized system demonstrates robustness to diverse disturbance conditions and uncertainty in the mass of the payload, while also exhibiting adaptability to joints flexibility without inducing any vibrations in the movement of the end-effector. The proposed techniques and objective function offer promising avenues for the optimization of PID controllers in various robotic applications.
Exploring risk factors for totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs)-related thrombotic occlusion in the off-treatment period
Authors: Liu Lei , Liu Zhanlun , Wang Jianxin , Cheng Meng , Xie Yanli , Wang Weina , Ma Cuicui , Zhang Lina , Song Zhenchuan , Zhang Yanshou 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTotally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) have been widely used for many years in the management of patients suffering from cancer. Thrombotic occlusion is the most common functional complication in the off-treatment period. This study aims to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for TIVADs-related thrombotic occlusion in patients with breast cancer. The clinical data of 1586 eligible patients with breast cancer with TIVADs at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 1 January 2019 to 31 August 2021 were analysed. Thrombotic occlusion was confirmed by angiography with signs of partial or total occlusion. Thrombotic occlusion occurred in 96 (6.1%) cases. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the insertion site of the catheter (P = 0.004), size of the catheter (P < 0.001), and indwelling time (P < 0.001) were significant factors for thrombotic occlusion. Insertion in the right internal jugular vein, smaller catheter size and shorter indwelling time can lower the incidence of thrombotic occlusion in breast cancer patients with TIVADs in the off-treatment period.
Salinity-induced changes in plastoquinone pool redox state in halophytic Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.
Authors: Pilarska Maria , Niewiadomska Ewa , Kruk Jerzy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe have analyzed the effect of salinity on photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and plastoquinone (PQ) pool in halophytic Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants. Under prolonged salinity conditions (7 or 10 days of 0.4 M NaCl treatment) we noted an enlarged pool of open PSII reaction centers and increased energy conservation efficiency, as envisaged by parameters of the fast and slow kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Measurements of oxygen evolution, using 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone as an electron acceptor, showed stimulation of the PSII activity due to salinity. In salt-acclimated plants (10 days of NaCl treatment), the improved PSII performance was associated with an increase in the size of the photochemically active PQ pool and the extent of its reduction. This was accompanied by a rise in the NADP+/NADPH ratio. The presented data suggest that a redistribution of PQ molecules between photochemically active and non-active fractions and a change of the redox state of the photochemically active PQ pool indicate and regulate the acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus to salinity.
The dynamic effect of trading between China and Taiwan under exchange rate fluctuations
Authors: Yang Tzu-Yi , Liu Chieh , Yang Yu-Tai , Chen Ssu-Han 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs an export-oriented economy, Taiwan’s export income can be easily influenced by internal and international economic factors, including the industrial production index (IPI) and the exchange rate. With China being Taiwan’s largest recipient, Taiwan’s export income from China is extremely important to Taiwan’s economy. Therefore, this research investigates the nonlinear relationship between the IPI of Taiwan and Taiwan’s export income from China with the application of a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model. In addition, the currency exchange rate of RMB to NTD, which is the transfer variable, is used to examine the dynamic effect. The research period is monthly data ranging from January 2001 to February 2022. The empirical results show that the effect of the IPI of Taiwan on Taiwan’s export income with China is dynamic. Moreover, with the existence of a threshold value, its influence changes as the currency exchange rate of RMB to NTD varies over time. Finally, regardless of whether the currency exchange rate of RMB to NTD is above or below the threshold value, as the IPI of Taiwan increases, Taiwan’s export income from China also increases, differing only in the degree of increase.
The physical and psychological health effects of pet ownership among children in China: A systematic review
Authors: Yin Xiaoshan , Morris Paul Graham , Liu Fangqing , Williams Joanne M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Research to date in Western contexts has indicated various physical and psychological health effects of pet ownership among children, but less is known about the role pets play in the health of children in China. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence on the effects of pet ownership on physical and psychological health among children in China. A literature search was performed in eight databases for studies that investigated the health and psychological effects of pet exposure on children (operationalized as birth to 20 years) in China, and a quality assessment and a narrative synthesis of results were conducted. Fifty-nine studies published between 2002 and 2021 were included in this review, of which 57 focused on children’s physical health issues including asthma and allergy symptoms,
Toxoplasma gondii
infection, animal induced injuries, low birth weight and hypertension, while only two studies focused on children’s psychological health. Overall, pet exposure was most often studied as a risk factor for respiratory health, injuries, and
T. gondii
infection among children in China but was also seen as a protective factor for cardiovascular health and for the association between environmental pollution and children’s respiratory function. In addition to physical health effects, two studies focused on psychological factors: post-traumatic stress following animal-induced injuries and benefits of reading following a canine-assisted activity. Findings underscore the need for further research examining the effects of pet ownership on children’s development and psychological health in China.
Linearised conformal Einstein field equations
Authors: Feng Justin , Gasperín Edgar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The linearisation of a second-order formulation of the conformal Einstein field equations (CEFEs) in generalised harmonic gauge (GHG), with trace-free matter is derived. The linearised equations are obtained for a general background and then particularised for the study linear perturbations around a flat background—the inversion (conformal) representation of the Minkowski spacetime—and the solutions discussed. We show that the generalised Lorenz gauge (defined as the linear analogue of the GHG-gauge) propagates. Moreover, the equation for the conformal factor can be trivialised with an appropriate choice for the gauge source functions; this permits a scri-fixing strategy using gauge source functions for the linearised wave-like CEFE-GHG, which can in principle be generalised to the nonlinear case. As a particular application of the linearised equations, the far-field and compact source approximation is employed to derive quadrupole-like formulae for various conformal fields such as the perturbation of the rescaled Weyl tensor.
Electric field as a crystallization switch of heterogeneous ice formation
Authors: Zeng Jincheng , Zhou Ziyue , Song Zixuan , Lu Hao , Liu Yisi , Qiao Shi , Fu Yuequn , Wu Jianyang , Zhang Zhisen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the effect of external electric field on ice formation with the present of a substrate surface. It turns out that the electric field can affect the ice formation on substrate surface by altering the dipole orientation of interfacial water molecules (IWs): a crossover from inhibiting to promoting ice formation with the increase of electric field strength. According to the influence of the electric field on ice formation, the electric field strength range of 0.0 V nm−1–7.0 V nm−1 can be divided into three regions. In the region I and region III, there are both ice formation on the substrate surface. While, the behavior of IWs in the region I and region III are distinguished, including the arrangements of oxygen atoms and the dipole orientation distribution. In region II, ice formation does not occur in the system within 5 × 200 ns simulations. The IWs show a disorder structure, preventing the ice formation process on substrate. The interfacial water molecular orientation distribution and two-dimensional free energy landscape reveals that the electric field can alter the dipole orientation of the interfacial water and lead a free energy barrier, making the ice formation process harder. Our result demonstrates the external electric field can regulate the behavior of IWs, and further affect the ice formation process. The external electric field act as a crystallization switch of ice formation on substrate, shedding light into the studies on the control of ice crystallization.
Inferring gas temperature from N2 emission via rotational distribution of the N2 B3Πg and C3Πu states
Authors: Tibère-Inglesse Augustin C , McGuire Sean D , Laux Christophe O 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is frequently used to measure the rotational temperature of a plasma. The technique is relatively simple to implement and non-intrusive. However, in the visible and ultraviolet spectral regions, it relies on emission from excited vibronic states whose rotational and vibrational temperatures might not be equilibrated with the bulk temperature of the plasma. Oftentimes, rapid equilibration between the rotational and translational modes occurs so that these temperatures are equilibrated. However, many cases exist where these modes are not equilibrated. In this work, we have developed a simple model that can be used as an experimental tool when using OES. An updated criterion for ensuring rotational-translational equilibrium is proposed. In cases where nonequilibrium is expected, the model may be used to provide an estimate of the bulk gas temperature. An illustrative example is given where we use this model to analyze previous measurements made in a nonequilibrium discharge.
Validation of density pump-out by pedestal-foot magnetic island formation prior to ELM suppression in KSTAR and DIII-D tokamaks
Authors: Hu Q.M. , Park J.-K. , Yang S.M. , Kim S.K. , Logan N.C. , Nazikian R. , Kang J. , Paz-Soldan C. , Ko W.H. , Park G.Y. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
TM1 nonlinear two-fluid simulations reveal key characteristics of density pump-out caused by pedestal-foot island formation when applying resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP). These characteristics include a bifurcation in pump-out with a low RMP coil current threshold, a sensitivity of pump-out magnitude to q
95, and the magnitude of pump-out scaling as the square root of the RMP coil current. Dedicated experiments are carried out in the KSTAR and DIII-D tokamaks to validate these features and show that: (1) a staircase bifurcation in density pump-out is observed when slowly ramping up the n = 1 RMP current, and the density fluctuations are found to be slightly decreased from the pedestal-foot to the pedestal-top; (2) the magnitude of density pump-out becomes weaker when decreasing q
95 from 5.5 to 4.9, and a partial recovery of density pump-out is observed when q
95 is ramped down to lower than 4.9; and (3) analysis of a DIII-D database of n = 3 RMP edge-localized mode control experiments finds that the magnitude of density pump-out is proportional to the square root of RMP coil current Δn
e/n
e ∝

I

RMP

0.5

. These experimental observations are consistent with TM1 simulations.
PetaVolts per meter Plasmonics: introducing extreme nanoscience as a route towards scientific frontiers
Authors: Sahai Aakash A. , Golkowski Mark , Gedney Stephen , Katsouleas Thomas , Andonian Gerard , White Glen , Stohr Joachim , Muggli Patric , Filippetto Daniele , Zimmermann Frank , Tajima Toshiki , Mourou Gerard , Resta-Lopez Javier 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A new class of plasmons has opened access to unprecedented
PetaVolts per meter electromagnetic fields which can transform the
paradigm of scientific and technological advances. This includes
non-collider searches in fundamental physics in addition to making
next generation colliders feasible. PetaVolts per meter plasmonics
relies on this new class of plasmons uncovered by our work in the
large amplitude limit of collective oscillations of quantum electron
gas. This Fermi gas constituted by “free” conduction band
electrons is inherent in conductive media endowed with a suitable
combination of constituent atoms and ionic lattice structure. As
this quantum gas of electrons can be as dense as
1024 cm-3, the coherence limit of plasmonic
electromagnetic fields is extended in our model from the classical
to the quantum domain,
0.1
√(n
0(1024 cm-3)) PVm-1. Appropriately
engineered, structured materials that allow highly tunable material
properties also make it possible to overcome disruptive
instabilities that dominate the interactions in bulk media. The
ultra-high density of conduction electrons and the existence of
electronic energy bands engendered by the ionic lattice is only
possible due to quantum mechanical effects. Based on this framework,
it is critical to address various challenges that underlie PetaVolts
per meter plasmonics including stable excitation of plasmons while
accounting for their effects on the ionic lattice and the electronic
energy band structure over femtosecond timescales. We summarize the
challenges and ongoing efforts that set the strategy for the
future. Extreme plasmonic fields can shape the future by not only
opening the possibility of tens of TeV to multi-PeV
center-of-mass-energies but also enabling novel pathways in
non-collider HEP. In view of this promise, our efforts are dedicated
to realization of the immense potential of PV/m plasmonics and its
applications.