bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PS-C26-9: A URINARY PEPTIDOMICS APPROACH FOR EARLY STAGES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK: THE AFRICAN-PREDICT STUDY
Authors: de Beer Dalene , Mels Catharina MC , Schutte Aletta E , Delles Christian , Samji Sheon M , Mullen William , Mischak Harald , Kruger Ruan 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects individuals across the lifespan with multiple cardiovascular (CV) risk factors increasingly present in young populations. The underlying mechanisms in early cardiovascular disease development are complex and still poorly understood. We therefore employed urinary proteomics as a novel approach to gain better insight into the early CVD-related molecular pathways based on a CVD-risk stratified approach.

Design and Methods:
This study included 964 apparently healthy (no self-reported chronic illnesses and free from clinical symptoms of CVD) black and white men and women (aged 20–30 years old) from the African-PREDICT study. Cardiovascular risk factors used for stratification included obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco use, high alcohol intake, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Participants were divided into low (0 risk factors), medium (1–2 risk factors) and high (3 or more risk factors) CV risk groups. We analyzed urinary peptidomics profiles by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Results:
Upon adjusting for ethnicity, we identified 293 sequenced urinary peptides that were differentially expressed between the CV risk groups (all q-value smaller or equal to 0.01). These peptides included a lower abundance of collagen type I and a higher abundance of collagen type III derived peptides in the high compared to the low CV risk group. We also found a lower abundance of fibrinogen alpha and alpha antitrypsin 1 and a higher abundance of uromodulin derived peptides in the high compared to the low CV risk group (all q-value smaller or equal to 0.007).

Conclusion:
Our findings point out different abundances in collagen I and III between the high compared to low CV risk group, suggesting potential early alterations in the CV extracellular matrix.
PS-P07-2: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES REGARDING TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AMONG PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN OMAN
Authors: Maskari Ahmed Al , Maamari Qasim Al , Riyami Hassan Al , Nadar Sunil K 
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims:
The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices with regards to use of traditional medicine(TM) among patients with hypertension in Oman and to assess the characteristics that favor its use

Methods:
This was a cross sectional questionnaire-based study. All Omani nationals above the age of 18, who were diagnosed with hypertension were eligible to be enrolled. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding the knowledge, attitudes and use of TM practices.

Results:
There were 121 (out of 150) responses to the questionnaire (response rate of 69.3%) of which 104 (mean age 44_11.6 years; 92 or 88.5% male) were complete and used for analysis. Majority of the respondents (90.4%) are aware of the different types of TM. A high percentage (90.4%) feel that it is effective. 74(71.2%) had tried at least one method, though only 29(27.9%) had tried it specifically for hypertension. There was no difference between age, genders, occupation or educational status. between those who had tried or not, though there was a trend towards those who had tried some form of TM to being non significantly older (45.61 + 11.9 years vs 41.4 + 10.2 years, p = 0.09), Cupping (58.6%) and herbal medications (49.1%) were the most common form of TM that was practiced. Backpain (47.4%)and headaches(44.2%) were the main reason for using TM among these patients. For reducing blood pressure, the main forms of TM used were herbal medications(82.8%), branding(78.2%) and cupping (75.9%). Most of the patients (90.4%)felt that these practices were effective. Around half of patients 43(41.3%) said that they had used these practices alongside modern medicine. Only 7.7% said that they had any side effect, and 63(60.6%) said that they would use it again. However, only 18(17.3%) said that they would encourage others to use it. Of those who had not used any TM practice, majority (90%) felt that they did not know enough about it to use it while only 12% said that they did not believe in its efficacy. 90% of them also said that they would like to try it in the future.

Conclusion:
There is widespread use of TM practices among the hypertensive patients in Oman. Better understanding of their benefits will help incorporate them into modern health care services.
PS-P09-1: ASSOCIATIONS OF FATS AND CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IN CHINESE POPULATION
Authors: Xia Yanjie , Yin Lu , Wang Chuangshi , Li Wei 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Low carbohydrate diets, which restrict carbohydrate in favour of increased protein or fat intake, or both, are a popular weight-loss strategy. However, it remains unclear whether a high-carbohydrate is more metabolically harmful or a high-fat or high protein is more metabolically harmful, and the optimal amount of carbohydrates and fat and protein has not been determined. The aim of our study was to examine the role of carbohydrate and fat and protein intake in Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in a Chinese population.

Methods:
This study is a cross-sectional component of Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE)-China study, which recruited over 46,000 participants from 70 rural and 45 urban communities between 2005 and 2009. Dietary intake of 43,494 individuals was recorded using validated food frequency questionnaires. MetS was defined according to The 2016 guidelines for prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults, as having any 3 of the following 5 criteria: elevated blood pressure (BP) (systolic BP more than 130 mm/Hg or diastolic BP more than 85 mm/Hg or treatment of hypertension); low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 1.00 mmol/dl; triglycerides more than 1.7 mmol/dl; increased waist circumference (more than 90 cm in males or more than 85 cm in females); or fasting glucose more than 6.1 mmol/dl or having antidiabetic medication. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the association between snoring habits and MetS. Participants were divided into quintiles of nutrients intake (carbohydrate, fats, and protein) based on percentage of energy provided by nutrients. We assessed the associations between consumption of carbohydrate, total fat, and each type of fat with MetS risk. Odds ratio (OR) is calculated by using multivariable logistic regression.

Results:
Among 43,494 participants, after adjusted for age, sex, smoke and drink status, education, waist-to-hip, physical activity, urban and rural, and energy intake, multiple logistic regression showed that both higher carbohydrate and protein intake was associated with a decreased risk of MetS (highest [quintile 5] vs lowest [quintile 1]) category, OR 0.82 [95% 0.75–0.89], ptrend < 0.001 and 0.75 [95% 0.62–0.91], ptrend < 0.001). Total fat and saturated and unsaturated fats were not significantly associated with risk of MetS.

Conclusion:
High carbohydrate and high protein intake was associated with lower risk of MetS. Total fat and types of fat were not associated with lower MetS. Chinese dietary guidelines should be reconsidered in light of these findings.
PS-R03-2: UNILATERAL PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM AND CONTRALATERAL GROWING ADRENAL MASS: GROWING CONCERN FOR PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
Authors: Miyamoto Shotaro , Yoshida Yuichi , Ozeki Yoshinori , Okamoto Mitsuhiro , Gotoh Koro , Masaki Takayuki , Nishida Haruto , Fujinami Hiroyuki , Shin Toshitaka , Daa Tsutomu , Asayama Yoshiki , Shibata Hirotaka 
Published: January 2023

Concomitant unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) and pheochromocytoma is extremely rare. A 52-year-old previously healthy woman with no family history of endocrine disease was admitted to our hospital with suspected PA based on high blood pressure, spontaneous hypokalemia, and a high aldosterone-to-renin ratio. She had no catecholamine excess symptoms other than hypertension. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a right lipid-rich adrenal mass and a left lipid-poor adrenal mass. PA was diagnosed by the captopril challenge test. The 24-h urinary fractionated metanephrines were slightly elevated. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) confirmed that the right adrenal gland was responsible for aldosterone hypersecretion. Medical therapy with eplerenone was started because the patient refused surgery. Five years later, she requested surgery for PA. The second AVS confirmed right unilateral hyperaldosteronism, as expected. Repeat abdominal CT showed the enlargement of the left adrenal mass. The 24-h urinary fractionated metanephrines had risen to the diagnostic level. 123I-MIBG scintigraphy showed a marked accumulation in the left adrenal tumor with no metastatic lesion. After preoperative management of alpha-blockade, laparoscopic left partial adrenalectomy was performed. Immunohistochemical examination of the tumor showed chromogranin A positivity leading to the diagnosis of left pheochromocytoma. One year after surgery, blood pressure and serum K levels remain well controlled. No surgical treatment for the right adrenal mass has been performed, and PHEO has not recurred. This case highlights the potential pitfalls in the treatment and diagnosis of unilateral primary aldosteronism with contralateral pheochromocytoma.
In cases of unilateral PA with contralateral lipid-poor adrenal mass, clinicians should rule out if the contralateral adrenal mass is pheochromocytoma to proceed to undergo unilateral adrenalectomy for the treatment of PA.
PS-R03-11: ANTI-NMDA RECEPTOR ENCEPHALITIS: SEIZURES AND PSYCHOSIS: A CASE REPORT ABOUT 18-YEAR OLD ADMITTED AT ARMMC
Authors: Alfonso Ma Cassandra Carranza , Manongas Ken Pham , Tagayuna Criselda Allas 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is one of many autoimmune diseases that need further recognization. Its signs and symptoms are indefinite and there is no specific pathognomic sign that can be use to properly diagnosed the disease immediately. Therefore more often these patients are prone to misdiagnosis. Many reports claimed that it is directly associated with ovarian teratomas in women though in some reports it can also be seen in males. This case helps in further recognizing anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis especially in our country where there are only few cases reported.

Case:
The case presented is about an 18-year old female from Mindoro Philippines who was previously well and had sudden changes in behavior with seizures episodes. Patient had consult at their local hospital where she was being treated as a case of viral meningitis but apparently no improvement was noted and subsequently transferred to a tertiary hospital in Metro Manila for further evaluation and management. During her hospital stay at Amang Rodriguez Memorial Medical Center patient presented as seizures with abnormal psychiatric features where she was eventually suspected to have anti-NMDA (anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis but further testing was done initially to rule out other neurologic diseases. Almost all laboratories and radiologic tests turn out to be normal hence a video electroencephalogram (EEG) was requested and result was that the patient is suggestive to have the said disease. Definitive test for anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis was done which turned out positive. The patient was then treated as a case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and manage accordingly. Improvement was noted and the patient was then discharged subsequently.

Conclusion:
There may be increasing cases of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis worldwide further research must still be done to be able to understand its features diagnose and manage it appropriately. And since it is more common in young adult females anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis must be suspected and be taken into consideration when there is a patient who presented with sudden changes in behavior with psychosis and seizures.
PS-B10-1: DIFFERENT MECHANISMS OF BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION INDUCED BY CHRONIC PERORAL OR INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR CLONIDINE ADMINISTRATION IN SALT-DEPENDENT OR ANGIOTENSIN II-DEPENDENT HYPERTENSION
Authors: Zicha Josef , Rezacova Lenka , Behuliak Michal , Vaneckova Ivana 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
The agonists of alpha2-adrenergic receptors are known to lower blood pressure (BP) through a reduction of brain sympathetic outflow but their chronic antihypertensive effects in rats with low-renin or high-renin forms of experimental hypertension were not studied yet. Moreover, there is no comparison of mechanisms underlying BP reduction elicited by chronic peroral (PO) or intracerebroventricular (ICV) clonidine treatment.

Design and Methods:
Adult male Dahl S rats fed 4% NaCl diet and Ren-2 transgenic rats were treated with clonidine administered either in the drinking fluid (0.5 mg/kg/day PO) or via the infusion into the lateral brain ventricle (0.1 mg/kg/day ICV) for 4 weeks. Basal BP as well as the contributions of renin-angiotensin system or sympathetic nervous system (acute BP responses to intravenous injection of either captopril 10 mg/kg or pentolinium 5 mg/kg) to BP maintenance were determined in conscious cannulated rats at the end of the study.

Results:
Both peroral and intracerebroventricular clonidine treatment lowered BP to the same extent in either rat model. However, in both models chronic clonidine treatment reduced sympathetic BP component only in rats treated intracerebroventricularly but not perorally treated animals. In contrast, peroral clonidine treatment reduced angiotensin-dependent vasoconstriction in Ren- transgenic rats, whereas it lowered residual BP in Dahl rats.

Conclusions:
Our results indicate different mechanisms of antihypertensive action of clonidine depending on the route of its administration - central or systemical
PS-B10-3: POST-STROKE LEARNING IMPAIRMENT IS AUGMENTED IN HYPERTENSIVE MICE
Authors: Zhang David Edward Wong , Drummond Grant Raymond , Sobey Christopher Graeme , Aruguman Thiruma Valavan , Selvaraji Shamelee , De Silva Travice Michael 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Cognitive impairment is disorder that can arise as a result of cardiovascular pathology or cerebrovascular injury. Due to the aging population, the incidence of cognitive impairment is expected to rise. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke and cognitive impairment, but it is unclear whether it may affect post-stroke cognitive outcomes. This study aims to assess the effects of hypertension and/or stroke on the brain and its effect on cognitive impairment.

Design and method:
C57BL/6J mice (n = 117) aged 3–5 months received infusion of either saline or angiotensin II (0.7 mg/kg/day for 14d or 0.28 mg/kg/day for 28d). 7 d after minipump implantation mice received either sham or photothrombotic stroke surgery targeting the prefrontal cortex. The Barnes maze was utilised to assess cognitive function. RNA sequencing was used to quantify transcriptomic changes in the brain.

Results:
Angiotensin II increased blood pressure (normotensive: 118 ± 1 mmHg vs. hypertensive: 149 ± 2 mmHg; P < 0.05). In the Barnes maze, hypertensive mice that received stroke surgery had increased latency to enter the escape hole when compared to other groups (day 3 escape latency: hypertensive + stroke = 166.6 ± 6.0 s vs. hypertensive + sham = 122.8 ± 13.8 s vs. normotensive + stroke = 139.9 ± 10.1 s vs. normotensive + sham = 101.9 ± 16.7 s), consistent with a greater learning impairment. Interestingly, we observed 5 incidences of haemorrhage within the HT + stroke group. RNA sequencing revealed > 1500 differentially expressed genes in hypertensive + stroke vs. hypertensive + sham, including genes related to inflammation and synaptic function.

Conclusions:
These findings indicate that the combination of hypertension and stroke resulted in greater learning impairment and brain injury. If transferrable to humans, the present data suggest that therapeutic approaches to effectively treat hypertension are likely to mitigate worsened post-stroke cognitive outcomes.
PS-B10-7: A VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE POTASSIUM CHANNEL DYSFUNCTION UNDERLIES SMALL VESSEL DISEASE OF THE BRAIN IN BOTH HYPERTENSION AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors: Taylor Jade L , Pritchard Harry AT , Walsh Katy R , Danby Thea GE , Hennig Grant , Allan Stuart M , Nelson Mark T , Greenstein Adam S 
Published: January 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and hypertension-related vascular dementia share many common clinical and radiological features. Indeed, at post-mortem the majority of patients diagnosed with either disorder show extensive small vessel disease (SVD) of the brain. One phenotypic character of SVD is a reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF). The large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel reduces arterial contractility through hyperpolarisation of the vascular smooth muscle cell membrane. The BK channel is activated via small, localised calcium release events from ryanodine receptors (RyR), known as calcium sparks. We wished to examine whether defects in calcium spark to BK channel coupling contributes to the SVD phenotype in these diseases, which could suggest new avenues for therapy based on improvement of brain vascular health.
Male spontaneously hypertensive (BPH/2) mice and normotensive controls (BPN/3) were used at 8 months of age to study hypertension-induced cSVD. To study AD we used 18–20 month old male APP23 mice that have a 7-fold increased expression of amyloid precursor protein, which results in significant amyloid-beta accumulation as is seen in human AD. During this study we used a range of physiological techniques; mainly pressure myography, patch clamp electrophysiology and high-speed spinning disc confocal microscopy, to investigate in depth, vascular ion channel function within the cerebral microvasculature of these mice.
Pressure-induced constriction from cerebral pial arteries was significantly greater in both the BPH/2 and APP23 animals compared to controls. Pressure myography studies revealed that in both models there was a reduction in BK channel activity. This was confirmed with electrophysiology data that showed a decrease in spontaneous transient outward currents, which represent BK channel openings in response to calcium sparks. In the APP23 model, this reduction in BK channel function was due to a decrease in calcium spark frequency. However in the BPH/2 mice, spark frequency was equal between hypertensive individuals and controls. In this model separation of the BK channel and RyR resulted in BK channel dysfunction.
Overall our data indicates that vascular BK channel dysfunction is a common mechanism underpinning reduced CBF in SVD. Therefore, therapies aimed at improving vascular BK channel function could provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of both AD and hypertension-induced vascular dementia.
PS-B11-8: ONE NOVEL MIRNA WITH 4 MRNA TARGETS WAS IDENTIFIED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Berillo Olga , Huo Kugeng , Fraulob-Aquino Julio C , Richer Chantal , Li Na , Briet Marie , Lipman Mark L , Sinnett Daniel , Paradis Pierre , Schiffrin Ernesto L 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Hypertension (HTN), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are global health disorders that are epidemiologically associated. The immune system plays a role in hypertension and target organ damage. MicroRNAs are crucial post-transcriptional regulators of immune cell development and function. We hypothesized that microRNAs play a role in activation of immune cells in hypertension with target organ damage in humans.

Design and method:
Normotensive subjects (NTN) and patients with HTN associated or not with at least 2 other features of the MetS or with CKD were studied (n = 15–16). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, RNA extracted, small and total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) done using Illumina HiSeq-2500 and data analyzed using a systems biology approach. Differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs and mRNAs were identified with fold change (FC) > 2 and > 1.5, respectively, and P < 0.005. The most representative DE miRNA isoforms with RNA-seq count number (CN) > 500, and with predicted targets by TargetScan with CN> 300 were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in PBMCs.

Results:
RNA-seq identified DE microRNAs and mRNAs in HTN (22 and 19), MetS (57 and 401) and CKD (6 and 26) compared to NTN. Three of 14 selected miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR. miR-409–5p and miR-411–5p were decreased respectively by 46% (P < 0.05) and 60% (P < 0.001), whereas the novel miR-pl-86 was increased 2-fold (P < 0.05) in MetS vs NTN. RT-qPCR data showed that tubulin alpha 1a (TUBA1A) predicted as mRNA target for miR-409–5p and miR-411–5p was increased 1.9-fold in MetS vs NTN group (P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between RT-qPCR and RNA-seq data for TUBA1A. RT-qPCR data validated the decrease of 4 predicted miR-pl-86 targets. WD repeat domain 89 (WDR89), Dmx like 1 (DMXL1), zinc finger protein 600 (ZNF600) and NOC3-like DNA replication regulator (NOC3L) were decreased by ≧ 50% in MetS vs NTN (P < 0.05). RT-qPCR data demonstrated a correlation with RNA-seq data for miR-pl-86 (R2 = 0.37, P < 5.5E-07, n = 56), WDR89 (R2 = 0.29, P < 1.4E-05, n = 57), DMXL1 (R2 = 0.33, P < 2.7E-06, n = 57), ZNF600 (R2 = 0.25, P < 7.9E-05, n = 57), and NOC3L (R2 = 0.27, P < 3.5E-05, n = 57).

Conclusion:
This study identified one up-regulated novel microRNA and 4 down-regulated mRNA targets in PBMCs of patients with HTN and MetS. The role of this miRNA and mRNAs in immune cells of HTN patients with MetS needs to be determined.
PS-B11-11: IMPLICATIONS OF OBESITY ON MALE FERTILITY HORMONES
Authors: Amusat Saheed Oladele 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The prevalence of obesity is alarming, with prevalence reported from 24 to 36% in developed worlds and a global estimate of adult obesity at over 11%. The relationship between obesity and infertility in men has been emphasized in multiple studies. However, there is a paucity of studies on the disparity between obese and overweight men fertility profiles. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the sex hormones distribution in overweight and obese men.

Method:
A retrospective case-control study on reproductive hormones in obese and overweight participants was conducted on 789 NHANES 2015–2016 survey data. Of the 789 participants, 229 were control, 270 were overweight, and 290 were obese between 18–80 years of age. We compared the mean plasma level of testosterone, estradiol, and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) among the groups using one-way ANOVA and mean differences using Tamhane post hoc tests.

Results:
There was a significant increase in the mean testosterone, and SHBG levels in the control group compared with overweight and obese subjects. However, a significant increase in mean estradiol was observed in the obese compared with overweight and control groups. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the estradiol level between the control and overweight groups. There was a significant increase in BMI in the obese group compared with overweight, and control groups.

Conclusion:
Obesity has negative feedback effects on testosterone and SHBG production. However, an unknown mechanism contributes to the lower estradiol level in overweight relative to obese men. Therefore, there is a need to research the molecular basis of fertility hormone metabolism in obese and overweight men.