bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical production of hydrogen in reactors with reduced energy costs
Authors: Nefedov Volodymyr , Matveev Vadim , Sukhyy Kostiantyn , Polishchuk Yuliya , Bulat Anatolii , Bluss Borys , Mukhachev Anatoliy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To reduce climate change and carbonization of the atmosphere, today it is proposed to switch to green energy and use hydrogen as an energy source. When hydrogen burns, water forms, and carbon oxides are not released. Methods for processing solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels, as well as water electrolysis, are proposed for hydrogen production. The electrolysis of water ensures the production of chemically pure hydrogen. Its disadvantage is significant energy consumption and, as a result, high cost. The condition for the economically beneficial use of hydrogen is to reduce its cost to $1/kg. The existing designs of reactors and technologies for producing hydrogen do not allow achieving such efficiency, which is limited by the thermodynamics of the process. To reduce energy consumption, this paper proposes designs of reactors in which the process of oxygen evolution is replaced by the process of dissolving anodes made from production waste - iron and aluminium scrap. As a result of the measures taken, it is possible to reduce the voltage on the electrolyzers from 1.8 V to 0.5-0.6 V. This makes the hydrogen production process economically viable.
Study of the efficiency of using renewable hydrogen in heating equipment to reduce carbon dioxide emissions
Authors: Gupalo Olena , Yeromin Oleksandr , Kabakova Liudmyla , Kulikov Andrii , Sukhyi Mykhailo , Romanko Yaroslav 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The results of theoretical study of operation of continuous furnaces heated by natural gas, renewable hydrogen, and their mixture are presented. The furnaces have the same design, but significantly different energy efficiencies due to different heat losses and capability of recuperative fume gas heat utilization system. The measures to reduce heat losses and to increase air temperature for fuel combustion can reduce specific fuel consumption for metal heating and carbon dioxide emissions by 25.8% for natural gas furnaces. For furnaces operating on mixture of natural gas and hydrogen, a greater reduction in carbon dioxide emissions is achieved in furnaces with worse energy efficiency, but with greater fuel consumption for metal heating. The paper shows the possibility of converting a furnace with better energy efficiency indicators to be heated by mixture of natural gas (75%) and hydrogen (25%). The measure reduces the natural gas consumption and carbon dioxide emissions to 9.2% due to the use of hydrogen with specific consumption 13.81 m3 per ton of metal. To ensure the same costs for metal heating when transferring continuous furnaces from natural gas to hydrogen, or their mixture, the ratio of prices for natural gas and hydrogen should not exceed 0.301-0.312.
Mathematical modeling of rocks plasma disintegration process at borehole reaming
Authors: Potapchuk Iryna , Zhevzhyk Oleksandr , Kholiavchenko Leonid , Pertsevyi Vitalii , Bosyi Dmytro , Drubetska Tetiana , Potapchuk Anna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The mathematical model of thermal disintegration of rocks during the reaming of boreholes, which takes into account the compatibility of the thermogas dynamic problem for a high-temperature heat transfer agent and the thermal problem for the rock heated by this heat transfer agent, has been developed. The mathematical model is based on the laws of conservation of mass, quantity of motion and energy and takes into account the dependences for determining the thermal stresses and the temperature of brittle fracture of rocks. As a result of solving the equations of the mathematical model, the temperature distribution in the rock mass (magnetite quartzite) during heating in the process of borehole plasma reaming and productivity of the borehole plasma reaming process are obtained. Calculated and experimentally determined productivity of the process of plasma reaming of the borehole were compared.
Summary statistics-based association test for identifying the pleiotropic effects with set of genetic variants
Authors: Bu Deliang , Wang Xiao , Li Qizhai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMotivationTraditional genome-wide association study focuses on testing one-to-one relationship between genetic variants and complex human diseases or traits. While its success in the past decade, this one-to-one paradigm lacks efficiency because it does not utilize the information of intrinsic genetic structure and pleiotropic effects. Due to privacy reasons, only summary statistics of current genome-wide association study data are publicly available. Existing summary statistics-based association tests do not consider covariates for regression model, while adjusting for covariates including population stratification factors is a routine issue.ResultsIn this work, we first derive the correlation coefficients between summary Wald statistics obtained from linear regression model with covariates. Then, a new test is proposed by integrating three-level information including the intrinsic genetic structure, pleiotropy, and the potential information combinations. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed test outperforms three other existing methods under most of the considered scenarios. Real data analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids further shows that the proposed test can identify more genes than the compared existing methods.Availability and implementationCode is available at https://github.com/bschilder/ThreeWayTest.
Financial Education in Secondary Education: A Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Lopez-Agudo Luis Alejandro , Marcenaro-Gutierrez Oscar David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We live in a society in which knowing how to manage money is a necessity, since it is required in our everyday life. In this context, financial literacy is a competence which people should develop in order to improve their money-related decisions. In order to analyse the contribution of financial education to this competence, we go beyond the previous literature in respect to correlation by using student fixed-effects and PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) 2018 data for 15-year-old students in 20 countries. Our results show that, in most of the countries under analysis, the financial education that students receive in the subject of mathematics may contribute to the development of their financial literacy competences. Nevertheless, the lack of an effective subject in economics is still an issue in most of the educational systems under analysis. (JEL codes: I20, I21, I28, and C10)
Skeletal muscle transcriptomics dissects the pathogenesis of Friedreich’s ataxia
Authors: Indelicato Elisabetta , Kirchmair Alexander , Amprosi Matthias , Steixner Stephan , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Eigentler Andreas , Wahl Nico , Apostolova Galina , Krogsdam Anne , Schneider Rainer , Wanschitz Julia , Trajanoski Zlatko , Boesch Sylvia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective: In Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), the most affected tissues are not accessible to sampling and available transcriptomic findings originate from blood-derived cells and animal models. Herein, we aimed at dissecting for the first time the pathophysiology of FRDA by means of RNA-sequencing in an affected tissue sampled in vivo. Methods: Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from seven FRDA patients before and after treatment with recombinant human Erythropoietin (rhuEPO) within a clinical trial. Total RNA extraction, 3′-mRNA library preparation and sequencing were performed according to standard procedures. We tested for differential gene expression with DESeq2 and performed gene set enrichment analysis with respect to control subjects. Results: FRDA transcriptomes showed 1873 genes differentially expressed from controls. Two main signatures emerged: (1) a global downregulation of the mitochondrial transcriptome as well as of ribosome/translational machinery and (2) an upregulation of genes related to transcription and chromatin regulation, especially of repressor terms. Downregulation of the mitochondrial transcriptome was more profound than previously shown in other cellular systems. Furthermore, we observed in FRDA patients a marked upregulation of leptin, the master regulator of energy homeostasis. RhuEPO treatment further enhanced leptin expression. Interpretation: Our findings reflect a double hit in the pathophysiology of FRDA: a transcriptional/translational issue and a profound mitochondrial failure downstream. Leptin upregulation in the skeletal muscle in FRDA may represent a compensatory mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction, which is amenable to pharmacological boosting. Skeletal muscle transcriptomics is a valuable biomarker to monitor therapeutic interventions in FRDA.
Genetic analyses reveal a non-panmictic genetic structure in the sablefishAnoplopoma fimbriain the northern Pacific
Authors: Orozco-Ruiz A M , Galván-Tirado C , Orlov A M , Orlova S Y , García-De León F J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria is distributed on the continental shelf of the North Pacific, has a high commercial value for both fisheries and aquaculture, and represents a shared resource between countries in the North Pacific basin. In the present study, we extend the geographic range surveyed in previous studies and reexamine the population’s genetic structure by integrating phylogeographic patterns of mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite DNA markers. Our results contradict the proposal that sablefish constitute a single population throughout their distributional range. We observed a signal of ancient divergence in mtDNA that differentiates the North Pacific West Coast from the rest of the sample sites, and microsatellite markers reveal a contemporary isolation of Mexican sablefish. Our findings show genetic differences between localities that should be explored in more detail to fully understand the interconnectedness that appears to exist between populations.
Activation of mTORC1 Signaling Cascade in Hippocampus and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is Required for Antidepressant Actions of Vortioxetine in Mice
Authors: Li Wei-Yu , Shi Tian-Shun , Huang Jie , Chen Yan-Mei , Guan Wei , Jiang Bo , Wang Cheng-Niu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Although thought of as a multimodal-acting antidepressant targeting the serotonin system, more molecules are being shown to participate in the antidepressant mechanism of vortioxetine. A previous report has shown that vortioxetine administration enhanced the expression of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in neurons. It has been well demonstrated that mTORC1 participates in not only the pathogenesis of depression but also the pharmacological mechanisms of many antidepressants. Therefore, we speculate that the antidepressant mechanism of vortioxetine may require mTORC1.

Methods
Two mouse models of depression (chronic social defeat stress and chronic unpredictable mild stress) and western blotting were first used together to examine whether vortioxetine administration produced reversal effects against the chronic stress–induced downregulation in the whole mTORC1 signaling cascade in both the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Then, LY294002, U0126, and rapamycin were used together to explore whether the antidepressant effects of vortioxetine in mouse models of depression were attenuated by pharmacological blockade of the mTORC1 system. Furthermore, lentiviral-mTORC1-short hairpin RNA-enhanced green fluorescence protein (LV-mTORC1-shRNA-EGFP) was adopted to examine if genetic blockade of mTORC1 also abolished the antidepressant actions of vortioxetine in mice.

Results
Vortioxetine administration produced significant reversal effects against the chronic stress–induced downregulation in the whole mTORC1 signaling cascade in both the hippocampus and mPFC. Both pharmacological and genetic blockade of the mTORC1 system notably attenuated the antidepressant effects of vortioxetine in mice.

Conclusions
Activation of the mTORC1 system in the hippocampus and mPFC is required for the antidepressant actions of vortioxetine in mice.
Being in a Horror Movie
Authors: Falconer Pete 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article takes as its starting point a recurring complaint in the popular reception of horror movies: that the characters in them behave foolishly. I argue that such complaints fail to recognize that the horror genre exploits a fundamental tension in fiction, between the perspective on a fictional world offered to its audience and that available to its characters. This distinction is highlighted in horror, which often depicts characters with everyday expectations facing extraordinary threats. Horror characters are frequently taken by surprise, and even the better prepared can be thwarted by the malevolence of the generic world. The extent of characters’ misfortunes can resemble deliberate persecution, self-consciously flaunting authorial manipulation. I draw on Todorov’s notion of “pan-determinism” and suggest that a more sinister variant operates in horror. Occasionally, a character’s experiences can help equip them to survive; I argue that this can be inflected politically in films where the malevolent horror world is placed alongside forms of real-life persecution and abuse. Critical attention to the world of horror, and how it is understood from both the outside and within, can clarify the connections between different theoretical understandings of the genre and bring out important but overlooked generic conventions.
Graph convolutional network-based fusion model to predict risk of hospital acquired infections
Authors: Tariq Amara , Lancaster Lin , Elugunti Praneetha , Siebeneck Eric , Noe Katherine , Borah Bijan , Moriarty James , Banerjee Imon , Patel Bhavik N 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are one of the top 10 leading causes of death within the United States. While current standard of HAI risk prediction utilizes only a narrow set of predefined clinical variables, we propose a graph convolutional neural network (GNN)-based model which incorporates a wide variety of clinical features.

Materials and Methods
Our GNN-based model defines patients’ similarity based on comprehensive clinical history and demographics and predicts all types of HAI rather than focusing on a single subtype. An HAI model was trained on 38 327 unique hospitalizations while a distinct model for surgical site infection (SSI) prediction was trained on 18 609 hospitalization. Both models were tested internally and externally on a geographically disparate site with varying infection rates.

Results
The proposed approach outperformed all baselines (single-modality models and length-of-stay [LoS]) with achieved area under the receiver operating characteristics of 0.86 [0.84–0.88] and 0.79 [0.75–0.83] (HAI), and 0.79 [0.75–0.83] and 0.76 [0.71–0.76] (SSI) for internal and external testing. Cost-effective analysis shows that the GNN modeling dominated the standard LoS model strategy on the basis of lower mean costs ($1651 vs $1915).

Discussion
The proposed HAI risk prediction model can estimate individualized risk of infection for patient by taking into account not only the patient’s clinical features, but also clinical features of similar patients as indicated by edges of the patients’ graph.

Conclusions
The proposed model could allow prevention or earlier detection of HAI, which in turn could decrease hospital LoS and associated mortality, and ultimately reduce the healthcare cost.
A predictive model for lung cancer screening nonadherence in a community setting health-care network
Authors: Bastani Mehrad , Chiuzan Codruta , Silvestri Gerard , Raoof Suhail , Chusid Jesse , Diefenbach Michael , Cohen Stuart L 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer screening (LCS) decreases lung cancer mortality. However, its benefit may be limited by nonadherence to screening. Although factors associated with LCS nonadherence have been identified, to the best of our knowledge, no predictive models have been developed to predict LCS nonadherence. The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model leveraging a machine learning model to predict LCS nonadherence risk.MethodsA retrospective cohort of patients who enrolled in our LCS program between 2015 and 2018 was used to develop a model to predict the risk of nonadherence to annual LCS after the baseline examination. Clinical and demographic data were used to fit logistic regression, random forest, and gradient-boosting models that were internally validated on the basis of accuracy and area under the receiver operating curve.ResultsA total of 1875 individuals with baseline LCS were included in the analysis, with 1264 (67.4%) as nonadherent. Nonadherence was defined on the basis of baseline chest computed tomography (CT) findings. Clinical and demographic predictors were used on the basis of availability and statistical significance. The gradient-boosting model had the highest area under the receiver operating curve (0.89, 95% confidence interval = 0.87 to 0.90), with a mean accuracy of 0.82. Referral specialty, insurance type, and baseline Lung CT Screening Reporting & Data System (LungRADS) score were the best predictors of nonadherence to LCS.ConclusionsWe developed a machine learning model using readily available clinical and demographic data to predict LCS nonadherence with high accuracy and discrimination. After further prospective validation, this model can be used to identify patients for interventions to improve LCS adherence and decrease lung cancer burden.
Comparison of plastid proteomes points towards a higher plastidial redox turnover in vascular tissues than in mesophyll cells
Authors: Boussardon Clément , Carrie Chris , Keech Olivier 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Plastids are complex organelles that vary in size and function depending on the cell type. Accordingly, they can be referred to as amyloplasts, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, etioplasts, or proplasts, to only cite a few. Over the past decades, methods based on density gradients and differential centrifugation have been extensively used for the purification of plastids. However, these methods need large amounts of starting material, and hardly provide a tissue-specific resolution. Here, we applied our IPTACT (Isolation of Plastids TAgged in specific Cell Types) method, which involves the biotinylation of plastids in vivo using one-shot transgenic lines expressing the Translocon of the Outer Membrane 64 (TOC64) gene coupled with a biotin ligase receptor particle and the BirA biotin ligase, to isolate plastids from mesophyll and companion cells of Arabidopsis using tissue specific pCAB3 and pSUC2 promoters, respectively. Subsequently, a proteome profiling was performed, which allowed the identification of 1672 proteins, among which 1342 were predicted to be plastidial, and 705 were fully confirmed according to the SUBA5 database. Interestingly, although 92% of plastidial proteins were equally distributed between the two tissues, we observed an accumulation of proteins associated with jasmonic acid biosynthesis, plastoglobuli (e.g. NAD(P)H dehydrogenase C1, vitamin E deficient 1, plastoglobulin of 34 kDa, ABC1-like kinase 1) and cyclic electron flow in plastids originating from vascular tissue. Besides demonstrating the technical feasibility of isolating plastids in a tissue-specific manner, our work provides strong evidence that plastids from vascular tissue have a higher redox turnover to ensure optimal functioning, notably under high solute strength as encountered in vascular cells.
TheEscherichia coliFur pan-regulon has few conserved but many unique regulatory targets
Authors: Gao Ye , Bang Ina , Seif Yara , Kim Donghyuk , Palsson Bernhard O 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile global transcription factors (TFs) have been studied extensively in Escherichia coli model strains, conservation and diversity in TF regulation between strains is still unknown. Here we use a combination of ChIP-exo–to define ferric uptake regulator (Fur) binding sites–and differential gene expression–to define the Fur regulon in nine E. coli strains. We then define a pan-regulon consisting of 469 target genes that includes all Fur target genes in all nine strains. The pan-regulon is then divided into the core regulon (target genes found in all the strains, n = 36), the accessory regulon (target found in two to eight strains, n = 158) and the unique regulon (target genes found in one strain, n = 275). Thus, there is a small set of Fur regulated genes common to all nine strains, but a large number of regulatory targets unique to a particular strain. Many of the unique regulatory targets are genes unique to that strain. This first-established pan-regulon reveals a common core of conserved regulatory targets and significant diversity in transcriptional regulation amongst E. coli strains, reflecting diverse niche specification and strain history.
CDK12/13 promote splicing of proximal introns by enhancing the interaction between RNA polymerase II and the splicing factor SF3B1
Authors: Panzeri Valentina , Pieraccioli Marco , Cesari Eleonora , de la Grange Pierre , Sette Claudio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Transcription-associated cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate the transcription cycle through sequential phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Herein, we report that dual inhibition of the highly homologous CDK12 and CDK13 impairs splicing of a subset of promoter-proximal introns characterized by weak 3′ splice sites located at larger distance from the branchpoint. Nascent transcript analysis indicated that these introns are selectively retained upon pharmacological inhibition of CDK12/13 with respect to downstream introns of the same pre-mRNAs. Retention of these introns was also triggered by pladienolide B (PdB), an inhibitor of the U2 small nucelar ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) factor SF3B1 that recognizes the branchpoint. CDK12/13 activity promotes the interaction of SF3B1 with RNAPII phosphorylated on Ser2, and disruption of this interaction by treatment with the CDK12/13 inhibitor THZ531 impairs the association of SF3B1 with chromatin and its recruitment to the 3′ splice site of these introns. Furthermore, by using suboptimal doses of THZ531 and PdB, we describe a synergic effect of these inhibitors on intron retention, cell cycle progression and cancer cell survival. These findings uncover a mechanism by which CDK12/13 couple RNA transcription and processing, and suggest that combined inhibition of these kinases and the spliceosome represents an exploitable anticancer approach.