bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SNR enhancement with a non-local means image-denoising method for a Φ-OTDR system
Authors: Li Junchan , Wang Yu , Xiao Lin , Liu Xin , Jin Baoquan 
Published: February 2023

Orthogonal pulse pairs generated by the polarization beam splitter (PBS) and the polarization maintaining-optical switch (PM-PSW) can effectively suppress the polarization fading in phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) systems, but the PM-PSW also brings a lot of noise when switching the optical path periodically. Therefore, a non-local means (NLM) image-processing method is proposed to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a Φ-OTDR system. Compared with the existing traditional noise reduction methods based on the one-dimensional signal, the method makes full use of redundant texture and self-similarity of multidimensional data. The NLM algorithm can obtain the estimated denoising result value of current pixels by the weighted average of pixels with similar neighborhood structures in the Rayleigh temporal-spatial image. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we have carried out experiments on the actual signals obtained from the Φ-OTDR system. In the experiment, a sinusoidal waveform of 100 Hz is applied at 20.04 km of the optical fiber as a simulated vibration signal. The switching frequency of PM-PSW is set to 30 Hz. The experimental result shows that the SNR of vibration positioning curve is 17.72 dB before denoising. After using the NLM method based on image-processing technology, the SNR reaches 23.39 dB. Experimental results demonstrate that this method is feasible and effective in improving SNR. This will help to realize accurate vibration location and recovery in practical applications.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Vibrationally Excited H2 E,F States
Authors: Xu E. , Hickman A. P. , Kachru R. , Helm H. 
Published: February 2023

In this work we report the result of a photoionization experiment in which photoelectron energy spectra were collected following 2+1 MPI of H2 via the E,F states. The bound states studied include those at the bottom of the inner E-well (vE,F=3), at the barrier of the double potential in the inside E-well (vE,F=6) and its counterpart in the outer F-well (vE,F=7), and above the barrier (vE,F=9). The E,F state wavefunctions are not confined in one or the other potential well only. This leads to a dynamic competition between direct photoionization, autoionization and dissociation. In our experiment the photoelectrons show strong non-Franck-Condon vibrational distribution. Some of the high vibrational states of

H
2
+

are so largely enhanced that they dominate the electron spectra, for examples, the v+=13 in vE,F=6, and the v+=14, 16 in vE,F=9; the "Franck-Condon picture" is even more distorted when a mainly F-state is excited as in vE,F=7.
SUMMARY In this work we report the result of a photoionization experiment in which photoelectron energy spectra were collected following 2+1 MPI of H2 via the E,F states. The bound states studied include those at the bottom of the inner E-well (vE,F=3), at the barrier of the double potential in the inside E-well (vE,F=6) and its counterpart in the outer F-well (ve,f=7), and above the barrier (ve,f=9). The E,F state wavefunctions are not confined in one or the other potential well only. This leads to a dynamic competition between direct photoionization, autoionization and dissociation. In our experiment the photoelectrons show strong non-Franck-Condon vibrational distribution. Some of the high vibrational states of

H
2
+

are so largely enhanced that they dominate the electron spectra, for examples, the v+=13 in ve,f=6, and the v+=14, 16 in ve,f=9; the "Franck-Condon picture" is even more distorted when a mainly F-state is excited as in ve,f=7. The experient is performed with a YAG-PDL-WEX pulse laser system and a high-presure H2 Raman cell. Photoelectrons are collected in a state-of-the art high resolution TOF electron spectrometer which uses permanent magnets in the magnetic bottle design. We compare the experimental results with a theoretical calculation of cross sections which includes contributions from direct photoionization and autoionization using the nonlocal complex potential method.
Non-destructive classification of unlabeled cells: Combining an automated benchtop magnetic resonance scanner and artificial intelligence
Authors: Fey Philipp , Weber Daniel Ludwig , Stebani Jannik , Mörchel Philipp , Jakob Peter , Hansmann Jan , Hiller Karl-Heinz , Haddad Daniel 
Published: February 2023

In order to treat degenerative diseases, the importance of advanced therapy medicinal products has increased in recent years. The newly developed treatment strategies require a rethinking of the appropriate analytical methods. Current standards are missing the complete and sterile analysis of the product of interest to make the drug manufacturing effort worthwhile. They only consider partial areas of the sample or product while also irreversibly damaging the investigated specimen. Two-dimensional T1 / T2 MR relaxometry meets these requirements and is therefore a promising in-process control during the manufacturing and classification process of cell-based treatments.
In this study a tabletop MR scanner was used to perform two-dimensional MR relaxometry. Throughput was increased by developing an automation platform based on a low-cost robotic arm, resulting in the acquisition of a large dataset of cell-based measurements. Two-dimensional inverse Laplace transformation was used for post-processing, followed by data classification performed with support vector machines (SVM) as well as optimized artificial neural networks (ANN). The trained networks were able to distinguish non-differentiated from differentiated MSCs with a prediction accuracy of 85%. To increase versatility, an ANN was trained on 354 independent, biological replicates distributed across ten different cell lines, resulting in a prediction accuracy of up to 98% depending on data composition.
The present study provides a proof of principle for the application of T1 / T2 relaxometry as a non-destructive cell classification method. It does not require labeling of cells and can perform whole mount analysis of each sample. Since all measurements can be performed under sterile conditions, it can be used as an in-process control for cellular differentiation. This distinguishes it from other characterization techniques, as most are destructive or require some type of cell labeling. These advantages highlight the technique’s potential for preclinical screening of patient-specific cell-based transplants and drugs.
Influence of location-dependent sex difference on PD-L1, MMR/MSI, and EGFR in colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Choi Jina , Kim Nayoung , Nam Ryoung Hee , Kim Jin Won , Song Chin-Hee , Na Hee Young , Kang Gyeong Hoon 
Published: February 2023

Background
The incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported to be strongly associated to sex/gender difference. CRC shows sexual dimorphism, and sex hormones have been shown to affect the tumor immune microenvironment. This study aimed to investigate location-dependent sex differences in tumorigenic molecular characteristics in patients with colorectal tumors, including adenoma and CRC.

Methods
A total of 231 participants, including 138 patients with CRC, 55 patients with colorectal adenoma, and 38 healthy controls, were recruited between 2015 and 2021 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. All patients underwent colonoscopy and acquired tumor lesion samples were further analyzed for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. This study was registered with ClinicalTrial.gov, number NCT05638542.

Results
The average of combined positive score (CPS) was higher in serrated lesions and polyps (lesions/polyps) compared to conventional adenomas (5.73 and 1.41, respectively, P < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between sex and PD-L1 expression within the groups, regardless of histopathological diagnosis. In multivariate analysis where each sex was further stratified by tumor location due to their interaction in CRC, PD-L1 expression was inversely correlated with males having proximal CRC with a CPS cutoff of 1 (Odds ratio (OR) 0.28, P = 0.034). Females with proximal CRC showed a significant association with dMMR/MSI-high (OR 14.93, P = 0.032) and high EGFR expression (OR 4.17, P = 0.017).

Conclusion
Sex and tumor location influenced molecular features such as PD-L1, MMR/MSI status and EGFR expression in CRC, suggesting a possible underlying mechanism of sex-specific colorectal carcinogenesis.
Health outcomes and healthcare resource utilization among Veterans with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer treated with second-line chemotherapy versus immunotherapy
Authors: Williams Christina D. , Allo Mina A. , Gu Lin , Vashistha Vishal , Press Ashlyn , Kelley Michael 
Published: February 2023

Background
Until recently, multi-agent chemotherapy (CT) was the standard of care for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinical trials have confirmed benefits in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival with immunotherapy (IO) compared to CT. This study compares real-world treatment patterns and outcomes between CT and IO administrations in second-line (2L) settings for patients with stage IV NSCLC.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included patients in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare system diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC during 2012–2017 and receiving IO or CT in the 2L. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and adverse events (AEs) were compared between treatment groups. Logistic regression was used to examine differences in baseline characteristics between groups, and inverse probability weighting multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to analyze OS.

Results
Among 4,609 Veterans who received first-line (1L) therapy for stage IV NSCLC, 96% received 1L CT alone. A total of 1,630 (35%) were administered 2L systemic therapy, with 695 (43%) receiving IO and 935 (57%) receiving CT. Median age was 67 years (IO group) and 65 years (CT group); most patients were male (97%) and white (76–77%). Patients administered 2L IO had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index than those administered CT (p = 0.0002). 2L IO was associated with significantly longer OS compared with CT (hazard ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.75–0.94). IO was more frequently prescribed during the study period (p < 0.0001). No difference in rate of hospitalizations was observed between the two groups.

Conclusions
Overall, the proportion of advanced NSCLC patients receiving 2L systemic therapy is low. Among patients treated with 1L CT and without IO contraindications, 2L IO should be considered, as this supports potential benefit of IO for advanced NSCLC. The increasing availability and indications for IO will likely increase the administration of 2L therapy to NSCLC patients.
Effect of photodynamic therapy on choroid of the medial area from optic disc in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Funatsu Ryoh , Sonoda Shozo , Terasaki Hiroto , Shiihara Hideki , Mihara Naohisa , Horie Juun , Sakamoto Taiji 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
To explore the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the choroid of medial area from optic disc and factors correlated with treatment outcomes, we evaluated choroidal changes using ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT) after PDT for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods
In this retrospective case-series, we included CSC patients who received a standard-dose of full-fluence PDT. UWF-OCT were examined at baseline and 3 months after treatment. We measured choroidal thickness (CT), classified into central, middle, and peripheral sectors. We examined CT changes after PDT by sectors and treatment outcome.

Results
Twenty-two eyes of 21 patients (20 males; mean age 58.7 ± 12.3 years) were included. CT reduction after PDT was significant in all sectors, including peripheral areas: supratemporal, 330.5 ± 90.6 μm vs. 237.0 ± 53.2 μm; infratemporal, 240.0 ± 89.4 μm vs. 209.9 ± 55.1 μm; supranasal, 237.7 ± 59.8 vs 209.3 ± 69.3 μm; infranasal, 172.6 ± 47.2 μm vs. 155.1 ± 38.2 μm (P < 0.001, for all). In patients with retinal fluid resolution, despite no apparent difference in baseline CT, there was more significant reduction after PDT in supratemporal and supranasal peripheral sectors, compared with patients without resolution: supratemporal, 41.9 ± 30.3 μm vs. −1.6 ± 22.7 μm; supranasal, 24.7 ± 15.3 μm vs. 8.5 ± 3.6 μm (P < 0.019, for both).

Conclusions
Whole CT decreased after PDT, including in medial areas from optic disc. This may be associated with the treatment response of PDT for CSC.
Analysis of COVID-19 vaccine adverse event using language model and unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Cheon Saeyeon , Methiyothin Thanin , Ahn Insung 
Published: February 2023

Background
After the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has made efforts to recover from the chaotic situation. Vaccination is a way to help control infectious diseases, and many people have been vaccinated against COVID-19 by this point. However, an extremely small number of those who received the vaccine have experienced diverse side effects.

Methods and findings
In this study, we examined people who experienced adverse events with the COVID-19 vaccine by gender, age, vaccine manufacturer, and dose of vaccinations by using the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System datasets. Then we used a language model to vectorize symptom words and reduced their dimensionality. We also clustered symptoms by using unsupervised machine learning and analyzed the characteristics of each symptom cluster. Lastly, to discover any association rules among adverse events, we used a data mining approach. The frequency of adverse events was higher for women than men, for Moderna than for Pfizer or Janssen, and for the first dose than for the second dose. However, we found that characteristics of vaccine adverse events, including gender, vaccine manufacturer, age, and underlying diseases were different for each symptom cluster, and that fatal cases were significantly related to a particular cluster (associated with hypoxia). Also, as a result of the association analysis, the {chills ↔ pyrexia} and {vaccination site pruritus ↔ vaccination site erythema} rules had the highest support value of 0.087 and 0.046, respectively.

Conclusions
We aim to contribute accurate information on the adverse events of the COVID-19 vaccine to relieve public anxiety due to unconfirmed statements about vaccines.
Antagonism of ALAS1 by the Measles Virus V protein contributes to degradation of the mitochondrial network and promotes interferon response
Authors: Khalfi Pierre , Suspène Rodolphe , Raymond Kyle A. , Caval Vincent , Caignard Grégory , Berry Noémie , Thiers Valérie , Combredet Chantal , Rufie Claude , Rigaud Stéphane , Ghozlane Amine , Volant Stevenn , Komarova Anastassia V. , Tangy Frédéric , Vartanian Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2023

Viruses have evolved countless mechanisms to subvert and impair the host innate immune response. Measles virus (MeV), an enveloped, non-segmented, negative-strand RNA virus, alters the interferon response through different mechanisms, yet no viral protein has been described as directly targeting mitochondria. Among the crucial mitochondrial enzymes, 5′-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in heme biosynthesis, generating 5′-aminolevulinate from glycine and succinyl-CoA.
In this work, we demonstrate that MeV impairs the mitochondrial network through the V protein, which antagonizes the mitochondrial enzyme ALAS1 and sequesters it to the cytosol.
This re-localization of ALAS1 leads to a decrease in mitochondrial volume and impairment of its metabolic potential, a phenomenon not observed in MeV deficient for the V gene. This perturbation of the mitochondrial dynamics demonstrated both in culture and in infected IFNAR−/− hCD46 transgenic mice, causes the release of mitochondrial double-stranded DNA (mtDNA) in the cytosol. By performing subcellular fractionation post infection, we demonstrate that the most significant source of DNA in the cytosol is of mitochondrial origin. Released mtDNA is then recognized and transcribed by the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III. The resulting double-stranded RNA intermediates will be captured by RIG-I, ultimately initiating type I interferon production. Deep sequencing analysis of cytosolic mtDNA editing divulged an APOBEC3A signature, primarily analyzed in the 5’TpCpG context. Finally, in a negative feedback loop, APOBEC3A an interferon inducible enzyme will orchestrate the catabolism of mitochondrial DNA, decrease cellular inflammation, and dampen the innate immune response.
Principles of Online Learning Assessment: A Literature Review Between Western Education Theory and Islamic Education Theory
Authors: Ardiansyah Arief , Al Anshori Thoriq , Zakaria Zukhkriyan , Cahyanto Bagus 
Published: February 2023

Purpose – The right assessment strategy can reduce the number of academic dishonesties during online learning in the pandemic era. Academic dishonesty is a problem considered normal but has a detrimental impact on the development of a nation. Therefore, instructors need to know the principles of assessment that can reduce the number of academic dishonesties in universities.
Design/methods/approach – This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study technique. This literature comes from several online assessment books, articles, handbooks, and others. The procedure used in this study involves selecting a topic, developing themes, selecting problems, searching for literature in the database, and selecting and evaluating literature based on these problems.
Findings – The results of this study are in the form of online learning assessment principles that can be applied in designing assessment activities. First, design a student-centered assessment that includes self-reflection. Second, design and include grading rubrics for assessing contributions to the discussion and assignments, projects, and the collaboration itself. Third, include collaborative assessment. Fourth, encourage students to develop skills in providing feedback. Fifth, use assessment techniques appropriate to the context and learning objectives. Sixth, design an assessment that is clear, easy to understand, and guaranteed success in the online environment. Seventh, ask students for input on how the assessment is carried out.
Research implications – This study contributes to the development of literature regarding the online learning assessment process, especially in universities.
Originality/value – Future research should be able to test these online learning assessment principles to find empirical evidence of their effectiveness.
Religious Moderation Education: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis on Identity Reconstruction in Polite Islamic Literacy Ambassadors
Authors: Guritno Sari Asih , Lessy Zulkipli , Ahmad Mokbul Morshed 
Published: February 2023

Purpose – Literasi Islam Santun’s or LISAN’s program stresses the necessity for religious moderation education around State Universities. Millennials are the main target of this program. It is clearly seen that intolerant values on social media considerably affect their personal and social identity so it further requires an understanding of how to establish identity reconstruction in millennials who become the ambassadors of LISAN. The purpose of this research is to find out how self-and social identity reconstruction in students who become LISAN Ambassadors.
Design/methods/approach – The research is qualitative research with an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. The data source of this study is millennials who participated in the ambassadors of LISAN. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews and collection of essay writings by research subjects.
Findings – The results of this study showed that according to the analysis of two main superordinates and the five subordinate themes presented by seven informants, it can be concluded that the reconstruction of the informants’ identity as the ambassador of LISAN involves important aspects in the process of individual development, namely cognitive, emotional and behavioral. Thus, this gives rise to a new identity that makes them become individuals as the LISAN’s ambassadors who have new behaviors that are more moderate and tolerant.
Research limitation – The study has limitations as it covers only a small number of respondents in one locus. Future research is suggested to investigate a wide range of respondents.
Originality/value – The research contributes to motivating academics for promoting moderation in practicing faith and religion in the milieu of State University.
Evaluating The Effectiveness of Blended Learning during Covid-19 on Students’ Learning Achievement: A Case Study in terms of Islamic Education
Authors: Subiyantoro Subiyantoro 
Published: February 2023

Purpose – This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of blended learning during the Covid-19 pandemic on students’ learning achievements at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Prambanan.
Design/methods/approach – This research was conducted by means of a descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The collected data were analyzed by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions.
Findings – This study revealed that blended learning had not been able to achieve the desired learning objectives, since it had not been able to reflect the value of Islamic education as seen from students’ lack of manners, particularly to teachers. This fact is attributed to several factors: 1) Teachers’ lack of monitoring on students’ development and associations during the pandemic 2) lack of motivation to learn, 3) lack of adequate facilities for online learning. To overcome the aforementioned problems, teachers have done the followings based on several aspects: 1) the cognitive aspect, the teachers were proactive by helping students who had learning difficulties during the online learning. 2) affective aspects, teacher set an example to students, trained them to practice regular worship, sharpen their ability to behave honestly, and monitored the development of their attitudes and behaviors through their parents. 3) psychomotor aspect, teachers reopened several extracurricular activities.
Research limitations – The limitations of this research are mainly centered on the limited number of samples observed as case studies at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Prambanan.
Originality/value – The research findings provide an explanation on the effectiveness of blended learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and teachers’ efforts in achieving learning outcomes.