bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the Eosinophil in the Allergic Reactions
Authors: Hubscher Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An inhibitor of histamine release was found to be associated with the human eosinophilic leukocyte. This eosinophil-derived inhibitor (EDI) was released from eosinophilrich fractions upon sonication or interaction with immune reactants (specific allergens or anti-IgE). EDI was found to exert its inhibitory action at the target cell level by increasing the intracellular levels of cyclic-AMP. Preliminary electron microscopic studies show the presence of IgE on the eosinophilic leukocyte and it is suggested that the allergen or anti-IgE-induced release of EDI might be due to a direct interaction of these immune reactants with the eosinophil-bound IgE antibody.
The results also suggest that by virtue of liberating a histamine release inhibitor such as EDI, the eosinophil assumes a modulating role in the allergic inflammatory reaction.
A Vaccination Procedure Against Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection in Mice by Nonspecific Immunization
Authors: Ortiz-Ortiz Librado , Gonzalez-Mendoza Amado , Lamoyi Edmundo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There are previous reports dealing with vaccination against experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in mice. They have varied from the use of avirulent, killed, or irradiated strains to subcellular materials and the use of other kinetoplastic flagellates (1, 2). Although these procedures have been promising, none of the methods presently studied has resulted in absolute protection under conditions of challenge with large numbers of parasites.
The aim of the experiments reported here was to explore the possibility of protecting mice against T. cruzi infection by BCG immunization, a treatment that has been shown in other systems to enhance nonspecifically immunity (3–6).
Mice of the Carworth Farm strain (CF1) aged 1.0 to 1.5 months were used uniformly throughout these experiments. Development of the T. cruzi infection was checked routinely by determination of parasites in blood every 5 days after challenge infection and histopathologic studies of the heart at the time of death.
Interaction between Cells of Peyer's Patches and Cells of Bone Marrow Origin in the Immune Response
Authors: Knudson Kristine C. , France Charlotte M. , Coppola Edward D. , Miller Harold C. , Jones Tobi L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There has been a good deal of interest in Peyer's patches as a part of the gut-associated lymphoid system, but their actual function has not been defined. Much of the early work on Peyer's patches was concerned with defining their role as the mammalian equivalent of the bursa of Fabricius, populated primarily by thymus-independent, bursal equivalent (B)3 lymphocytes (1–5). More recently, however, several studies have provided evidence that Peyer's patches also contain functional T lymphocytes (6–11).
We reported previously that although Peyer's patches of mice do not respond to systemic antigenic stimulation by producing antibody in situ. Peyer's patch cells could act synergistically with spleen cells to produce a 5-fold increase in the number of antibody-forming cells to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) (12). In this communication we report that Peyer's patch cells are able to cooperate with bone marrow cells to produce antibody-forming cells of IgM, IgG, and IgA classes.
Amyloid Fibril Protein Related to Immunoglobulin λ-Chains
Authors: Skinner Marytha , Benson Merrill D. , Cohen Alan S. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Amyloid fibrils, isolated from the spleen of a patient with primary amyloidosis, had an N-terminal sequence showing a high degree of homology with λ Bence Jones proteins. Antiserum prepared to the amyloid protein detected a soluble factor, antigenically identical to the isolated fibril preparation.
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice: Immunologic Response to Mouse Spinal Cord and Myelin Basic Proteins
Authors: Bernard Claude C. A. , Carnegie Patrick R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It was confirmed that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis EAE, could be induced in SJL/J mice with mouse spinal cord homogenate. It was shown that induction of EAE in mice was critically dependent on the concentration of pertussis vaccine. The encephalitogen present in mouse brain was the basic protein of myelin. The smaller form of the mouse and rat basic proteins induced EAE; thus the mouse like the rat responds to determinants other than the “tryptophan region,” which induces EAE in guinea-pigs.
Mice with EAE developed a cell-mediated immune response to myelin basic protein, as judged by inhibition of peritoneal cell migration. However, levels of antibody to mouse basic protein were low, as judged by radioimmunoassay. The establishment of this autoimmune disease model in the mouse will allow the application of well established techniques for the analysis of the immunologic mechanisms leading to disease manifestation.
Enhancement and Hyperacute Rejection of Skin Grafts in the Mouse
Authors: Jansen Jan L. J. , Koene Robert A. P. , v. Kamp Gerard J. , Gerlag Paul G. G. , Wijdeveld Paul G. A. B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
B6AF1 anti-B10.D2 ascites fluid was fractionated by molecular sieving and cation exchange chromatography in an attempt to separate cytotoxic and enhancing antibodies. Five fractions were obtained which showed no overlap on analysis with isoelectric focusing. Despite this complete physicochemical separation all fractions contained detectable amounts of 7S IgG1 and 7S IgG2. Furthermore, enhancement of B10.D2 skin grafts in B6AF1 recipients could be induced with all the fractions. Cytotoxic activity was also present in the fractions. This was not only shown in vitro by the cytolysis of B10.D2 lymphoid cells in the presence of rabbit complement, but also by the ability of the different fractions to induce hyperacute destruction of B10.D2 skin grafted onto B6AF1 mice after i.v. injection together with rabbit complement. Thus, we were unable to separate the alloantiserum in cytotoxic and enhancing fractions by physicochemical means.
Stimulator T Cells: Involvement in the Induction of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
Authors: Dennert Gunther 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells of mice primed by injection of normal or formaldehyde-treated allogeneic or xenogeneic tumor cells show a dramatically enhanced capacity to generate cytotoxic cells in vitro. This effect appears to be due to priming of a relatively anti-Thy-1 resistant T cell, which does not display immunologic specificity.
Repopulation with IgA-Containing Cells of Bronchial and Intestinal Lamina Propria after Transfer of Homologous Peyer's Patch and Bronchial Lymphocytes
Authors: Rudzik R. , Clancy R. L. , Perey D. Y. E. , Day R. P. , Bienenstock J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Transfer of 50 million rabbit allogeneic lymphocytes from either bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) or Peyer's patches into 1000 R x-irradiated recipients results, 6 days later, in predominant repopulation of gut and bronchial lamina propria, as well as spleen, with IgA-containing cells.
After repopulation with BALT or Peyer's patch cells, lymphoid follicles in both gut and lung showed peripheral cellular membrane type of fluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated anti-IgA antisera only.
Six days after x-irradiation alone, little evidence of repopulation was seen and immunofluorescent qualitative observations of gut and lung, and quantitative data in the spleen, confirmed these findings. After transfer of 50 million lymph node cells, very few immunoglobulin-containing cells were seen in the gut or bronchial lamina propria.
These results suggest that there may be a common mucosal immunologic system, and that repopulation of gut and lung lamina propria may be through the organized lymphoid tissue therein.
IgG Diphtheria Antitoxin Responses from Human Tonsil Lymphocytes Induced by Anti-γ-Chain Antibodies
Authors: Platts-Mills Thomas A. E. , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human tonsil lymphocytes were cultured for 24 hr with purified antibodies specific for human IgG heavy chain determinants (anti-γ-chain) and then cultured for 6½ days in Marbrook tubes. IgG diphtheria antitoxin was measured in the culture supernatants by antigen-binding radioimmunoassay. In cultures from eight tonsils, anti-γ-chain stimulated significant IgG antitoxin formation; in each case parallel cultures stimulated with toxoid gave good responses. The specificity of the antibody produced was established by showing that supernatants from cultures stimulated with anti-γ-chain will neutralize toxin. Total IgG in culture supernatants was measured by radioimmunoassay and it was found that cultures stimulated with anti-γ-chain generally produced less total IgG than unstimulated cultures. In time course experiments IgG antitoxin formation increased rapidly after the 3rd day whereas over 50% of the total IgG was produced in the first 3 days. Evidence is presented which suggests that anti-γ-chain acts differently on different groups of B cells.
Distinction between Malignant L Cells and Normal Mouse Fibroblasts by Rosette Formation with Sheep Red Blood Cells
Authors: Hoch James A. , Dierich Manfred P. , Pellegrino Michele A. , Ferrone Soldano , Reisfeld Ralph A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine L cell fibroblasts, and derivatives were found to rosette with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Primary fibroblast explants from the parent murine strain, C3H, did not possess this potential. No rosettes were observed with primary fibroblast explants from C57BL and B10Br mice, with a human fetal lung fibroblast, with baby hamster fibroblasts or their polyoma transormed derivative, or with a cell line, 1T-22, derived from BALB/c mice. Hybridization of 1T-22 and L cells, by Sendai virus-mediated cell fusion, suppressed the rosette potential of the L cell parent. The receptor for SRBC on L cells appears to result from the expression of a recessive characteristic.
Reversible Restoration by Thymosin of Antigen-Induced Depression of Spleen DNA Synthesis in NZB Mice
Authors: Dauphinee Michael J. , Talal Norman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antigen-induced depression of spleen DNA synthesis was studied in NZB and CBA/J mice. This phenomenon, a measure of T suppressor cell activity, normally decreases as a consequence of aging. However, NZB mice have an accelerated loss of antigen-induced depression that can be restored by treatment with thymosin or injection of 1-month-old NZB thymocytes. The restoration by thymosin declined between 1 and 2 weeks after treatment, but could be induced again after a second exposure to thymosin. These results suggest a potential for reversible but repeatable restoration of suppressor cell activity in NZB mice.
The Structure and Function of Immunoglobulin Domains
Authors: Isenman D. E. , Dorrington K. J. , Painter R. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The observation that reduction of the inter-chain disulfides in rabbit antibody destroys its ability to interact with complement was confirmed and shown to be true also of human myeloma IgG1 subclass proteins. In the latter case a C1-binding assay was used. Further studies indicated that it was the interheavy chain disulfides which were essential for complement-binding activity: Non-covalently reassembled IgG (LHHL) was devoid of C1-fixing activity whereas molecules formed from covalently linked heavy chain dimers, and reduced and alkylated light chains (ie., LH-HL) were as active as the parent intact IgG. Fc fragments from IgG1 bound C1 and this activity was insensitive to the presence or absence of intact interchain disulfides. These bonds therefore are neither directly involved in C1 binding nor essential for the integrity of the binding site. We have also shown that although IgG4 does not bind C1, Fc fragments derived from this subclass fix C1 with an affinity comparable to that of the corresponding fragment from IgG1. These data suggest that quaternary interaction with other regions of the molecule (ie., Fab) may modulate the activity of the C1-binding site.
Pathogenesis of Rabies in Immunodeficient Mice
Authors: Kaplan M. M. , Wiktor T. J. , Koprowski H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The HEP and ts2 strains of rabies virus inoculated intracerebrally into adult mice normally cause clinically inapparent infection. In the experiments described, this is converted into a lethal infection by immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide, which also prevented induction of immunity with vaccine. Lethal infection of HEP-inoculated mice was also observed in mice treated with antithymocytic serum, and in athymic (BALB/c-nu) nude mice.
Bactericidal Activity of Meningococcal Antisera
Authors: McLeod Griffiss J. , Broud Dennis D. , Bertram Mary Ann 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Humoral IgA, separated and purified from human sera drawn 12, 27, and 33 days after infection with serogroups B, Y, and C meningococci, respectively, has been shown to inhibit complement-mediated bacteriolysis by IgG and IgM purified from the same sera. Inhibition was dependent on the ratio of lytic to blocking antibody, was strain specific, and was greater for IgG than IgM. IgM was found to be more active than IgG in a bactericidal test. Activity of IgA appeared unrelated to the presence of a prozone in the whole serum. Similar inhibition was noted for IgA separated from rabbit sera.
Human Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity Against Mumps Virus-Infected Target Cells
Authors: Härfast Bengt , Andersson Torbjörn , Perlmann Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Subpopulations of human lymphocytes were tested for their capacity to kill mumps virus-infected target cells in a 51chromium release assay. Using two different cell fractionation techniques, lymphocytes were fractionated into T cell-enriched (primarily T cells) and T cell-depleted (primarily B cells) subpopulations.
Filtration of lymphocytes through columns coated with human immunoglobulin and rabbit anti-human-immunoglobulin (Ig-anti-Ig) rendered the resulting T-cell preparation mactive as effector cells against target cells carrying mumps virus antigens.
In the second technique, lymphocytes were fractionated by centrifugation into two fractions according to their ability to form spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E). The E-rosette-forming population (primarily T cells) was shown to lack cytotoxic activity against mumps virus-infected target cells. This activity was present in the nonrosetting population. The results suggest that the effector cells involved in this cytotoxic system are of a non-T variety.
In Vitro Studies on Information Transfer in Cells from Allotype-Suppessed Rabbits
Authors: Adler Frank L. , Fishman Marvin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Data are presented which show that cells from allotypically suppressed rabbits resist in vitro “rescue” attempts in which informational ribonucleic acid (i-RNA) coding for the suppressed allotypic marker is used. It is shown that peritoneal exudate cells from such thoroughly suppressed animals contain cells that yield i-RNA coding for the suppressed marker, and that central lymphatic tissue possesses cells that produce Ig of the suppressed type.
Immune Responses to a Soluble Schistosomal Egg Antigen Preparation during Chronic Primary Infection with Schistosoma Mansoni
Authors: Colley Daniel G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine schistosomiasis mansoni is characterized by an intense, predominantly cell-mediated, anti-egg, granulomatous response to schistosomal egg antigens (SEA). Anti-SEA responses include lymphocyte blastogenesis, the production of the lymphokine eosinophil stimulation promoter (ESP), hemagglutinating antibody, heat-labile and heat-stable, 72-hr passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) antibodies, and pronounced peripheral blood eosinophilia. These responses were followed during the course of chronic (1 year) infection and analyzed with specific reference to the observed diminution of granuloma formation, in the presence of continued antigenic exposure, which occurs by 10 to 12 weeks after infection and persists during long-term schistosomiasis. Lymphocyte blastogenesis and peripheral blood eosinophilia were positive from the 8th week of infection until the 50th. Lymphokine production and circulating heat-labile PCA antibody were only positive for a few weeks after 8 weeks of infection. In contrast, hemagglutinating antibody and heat-stable, 72-hr PCA antibody increased during weeks 10 to 14 and remained high throughout chronic infection. The development and regression of these various immune responses to SEA indicate that there are several potential mechanisms that could explain the immunoregulatory interactions that result in specifically diminished lesion formation in this chronic infection.
Structural Homogeneity of Human Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Antibodies
Authors: Strosberg A. Donny , Karcher Denise , Lowenthal Armand 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Three homogeneous immunoglobulin fractions were isolated from the serum of a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). All three fractions reacted in immunodiffusion with measles and SSPE virus preparations. The amino-terminal sequence of the light and heavy chains of one of the antibody fractions was determined by automated Edman degradation. A single amino acid residue was obtained at every step, confirming the homogeneity of this human antibody.
Kinetic Study of T Lymphocytes After Sensitization Against Soluble Antigen
Authors: Durkin Helen G. , Waksman Byron H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sensitized T cells in inguinal lymph nodes (LN) of rats immunized with ovalbumin and adjuvant can be separated on BSA density gradients from T cells responding to Con A and PHA. Further, these OA-sensitized T cells are separable from B memory cells responsive to OA. On days 9 and 17 after sensitization, OA-reactive cells peak and are found in enriched numbers in the lighter bands A + B (B-band), and C, respectively, whereas Con A and PHA reactive cells, on both days, are concentrated in bands C and D, respectively. On day 9 at least 20 to 30% of B-band cells can reinitiate DNA synthesis and produce high concentrations of lymphotoxin in response to OA in culture, but show only a marginal blastogenic response to Con A or PHA and cannot produce lymphotoxin in response to PHA. These cells are defined as OA-sensitized T cells because a) treatment with rat isoantiserum specific for T lymphocytes plus complement abolished their ability to incorporate 3H-thymidine in response to OA and Con A or PHA; b) membrane-bound immunoglobulin could not be detected with indirect immunofluorescence staining; c) histologic studies demonstrate massive hypertrophy of thymus-dependent paracortical areas and absence of germinal centers in inguinal LN at this time, and d) they produce lymphotoxin after challenge with OA, but not with PHA, whereas cells of the other bands produce lymphotoxin in response to PHA, but not to OA. Addition of purified macrophages to the various cultures did not affect the levels of response observed. Day 17 C-band cells are regarded as B-memory cells because treatment with T-specific antiserum plus complement enhanced their response to OA, many germinal centers now are present in inguinal LN, and a significant proportion of cells of bands B and C, negative on day 9, show positive immunofluorescence staining at this time.
Concanavalin A-Induced Histamine Release from Normal Rat Mast Cells
Authors: Sullivan Timothy J. , Greene Warner C. , Parker Charles W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Concanavalin A- (con A) induced release of histamine from normal rat mast cells was studied. In the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS) con A induced a concentration and temperature-dependent, noncytotoxic histamine release at con A concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 µg/ml. The optimal con A concentration, 100 µg/ml, caused a 27.3% (±2.7 S.E.M.) net histamine release. Release began approximately 30 sec after addition of con A and was complete within 45 min. In the absence of PS, no net con A-induced release occurred. The effect of PS was concentration dependent from 1 to 100 µg/ml. PS alone, however, did not cause histamine release. Binding studies indicated that mast cells bound up to 16 × 106 con A molecules per cell without histamine release. Upon removal of unbound con A and the addition of PS, normal histamine release occurred. α-Methyl-D-mannose (50 mM) prevented both con A binding and histamine release and if added after Con A, caused a rapid cessation of histamine release and a reversal of con A binding. This study indicates several important advantages of the con A-induced histamine release system. Binding of con A to mast cells can be dissociated from histamine release by omitting PS from the medium. Release can then be induced by the addition of PS. α-Methyl-D-mannose can be used to terminate rapidly the ongoing release reaction at any phase of the interaction. This system is potentially very useful for investigation of metabolic events during histamine release.
Preparation of IgG-Binding Membrane Vesicles from the Microvillar Brush Border of the Fetal Rabbit Yolk Sac
Authors: Schlamowitz Max , Hillman Kathleen , Lichtiger Benjamin , Ahearn Michael J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A one step procedure is described for the production of membrane vesicles from the endodermal microvillar brush border of the fetal rabbit yolk sac splanchnopleur.
The vesicles, examined by light and electron microscopy, were shown to consist of biomolecular leaflet unit membrane, coated to varying extents with glycocalyx.
By fluorescence microscopy, the homologous immunoglobulin, FITC-IgGR, has been shown to bind to the glycocalyx-coated vesicles as well as the glycocalyx-coated brush border of the intact yolk sac, whereas, the heterologous bovine immunoglobulin, FITC-IgGB, fails to bind under comparable conditions. These observations demonstrate the specificity of the receptors for the homologous IgG.
Change of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity with Aging
Authors: Shigemoto Shozo , Kishimoto Susumu , Yamamura Yuichi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence has been accumulating that both cellular and humoral immunocompetences progressively decline with aging in man (1, 2) as well as in experimental animals (3, 4).
In a previous paper (5), we showed that the capacity of lymphoid cells from old C57BL/6J mice to induce graft-vs-host (GVH) reaction was reduced as compared to that from young mice. However, the proportions of θ.C 3H-bearing lymphocytes in the cell population of spleens and lymph nodes, and the indices of the response of lymph node cells to phytohemagglutinin showed little change with aging. In an extension of this observation, an attempt was made to elucidate the changes in cell-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic tumor cells with aging.
Materials and Methods. Female inbred mouse strains C57BL/6J(H-2b) and DBA/2-(H-2d) were used throughout the experiment. C57BL/6J mice were either 1.5 to 2 or 15 to 20 months old, and DBA/2 mice 2 to four months old.