bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SMARCB1-Retained and SMARCB1-Deficient SNUC are Genetically Distinct: A Pilot Study Using RNA Sequencing
Authors: Chitguppi Chandala , Rosen Marc , Nyquist Gurston , Toskala Elina , Evans James , Gargano Stacey , Tuluc Madalina , Ertel Adam , Dsouza Glen , Addya Sankar , Johnson Jennifer , Bar-Ad Voichita , Rabinowitz Mindy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Understanding the genetic basis for the molecular classification of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) based on SMARCB1 may improve our understating regarding the nature of the disease. The objective of the study was to compare the genetic profile of SMARCB1-retained (SR-SNUC) and SMARCB1-deficient SNUC (SD-SNUC).
Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from treatment-naive patients with SNUC were selected. Three cases of SR-SNUC, four cases of SD-SNUC, and four samples of nontumor tissue (control samples) were selected. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing was performed.
Results SR-SNUC had a higher number of variants (1 variant for every 15,000 bases) compared with SD-SNUC (1 variant every 29,000 bases). The ratio of missense to silent mutation ratio was higher for SR-SNUC (0.8) as compared with SD-SNUC (0.7). Approximately 1,500 genes were differentially expressed between SR-SNUC and SD-SNUC. The genes that had a higher expression in SR-SNUC included TPD52L1, B3GNT3, GFY, TJP3, ELL3, CYP4F3, ALDH3B2, CKMT1B, VIPR1, SLC7A5, PPP2R2C, UPK3B, MUC1, ELF5, STY7, and H2AC14. The gene that had a higher expression in SD-SNUC was ZFHX4. Most of these genes were related to either protein translation or immune regulation. The most common (n = 3, 75%) mechanisms of loss of SMARCB1 gene in SD-SNUC was loss of heterozygosity.
Conclusion RNA sequencing is a viable and informative approach for genomic profiling of archival SNUC samples. Both SR-SNUC and SD-SNUC were noted to have distinct genetic profiles underlying the molecular classification of these diseases.
Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Cyanation of Indoles via C-H Bond Activation with α-Aminoacetonitriles
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Siddique , Wang Qifeng , Meguellati Kamel , Qasim Ruqiya , Zeng Bing , Zhang Qing , Ul Haq Shah Ehtesham , Ud Din Nasar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA metal-free and organic cyanating agent, 2-(diisopropylamino)acetonitrile is disclosed for the regioselective synthesis of cyanated indoles such as 2-cyanoindole and 3-cyanoindole derivatives. This method can tolerate a variety of functional groups and can furnish the corresponding cyanated products in moderate to high yields. Moreover, Cu/PhSiH3 system has been identified for the regioselective cleavage of C–H bonds of indoles by the use of metal-free CN sources via a one-pot sequential iodination/cyanation. This cost effective, homogeneous and metal-free CN source system represents the best reaction efficiency in these methodologies.
Advanced Arthritis of the Carpus: Preoperative Planning Practices of 337 Hand Surgeons
Authors: Bayne Christopher O. , Moontasri Nancy J. , Boutin Robert D. , Szabo Robert M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Surgical procedure selection for carpal arthritis depends on which articular surfaces are affected, but there is no consensus on how to preoperatively evaluate cartilage surfaces. Despite advances in cross-sectional imaging, the utility of advanced imaging for preoperative decision-making has not been well established.
Objectives Our objective was to assess if there is an added value to presurgical advanced imaging or diagnostic procedures in planning for carpal arthrodesis or carpectomy and to determine what imaging or diagnostic procedures influence surgical treatment options.
Methods A seven-question survey was sent to 2,400 hand surgeons. Questions assessed which articular surfaces surgeons consider important for decision-making, which imaging modalities surgeons employ, and how often surgeons utilize diagnostic arthroscopy before performing carpectomy or arthrodesis procedures.
Results A total of 337 (14%) surveys were analyzed. The capitolunate articulation (alone or in combination) was most frequently reported to impact surgical decision-making (48.1%). Most surgeons (86.6%) reported that standard plain radiographs are usually sufficient. Few surgeons reported always obtaining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT), with 44.2% of surgeons believing that MRI is never useful and 38.4% believing that CT is never useful. Most surgeons (68.2%) reported that they never perform wrist arthroscopy as part of their decision-making process.
Conclusions This study provides information on the decision-making process in the surgical management of carpal arthritis. Given advances in cross-sectional imaging, further studies are needed to determine the utility of MRI and CT for the planning of surgical procedures in the treatment of arthritis of the carpus.
Level of Evidence Level 4.
Treatment and Outcomes of Missed Perilunate Dislocations: A Case Series
Authors: Pelrine Eliza , Larson Eric , Freilich Aaron , Dacus A. Rashard , Deal Nicole 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Perilunate dislocations are devastating injuries that occur relatively rarely, accounting for only 7% of injuries to the carpus. Unfortunately, approximately 25% of these injuries are missed on initial evaluation. Acutely diagnosed perilunate dislocations may be successfully treated with ligament and osseous repair, depending on the injury pattern. Chronic dislocations, however, are primarily treated with salvage procedures. This case series was performed to investigate the outcomes of patients who sustained a perilunate dislocation that was diagnosed in a delayed fashion and look for any treatment patterns that could be more widely applied to future patients.
Methods Patients presenting to a single institution between 2016 and 2018 with a perilunate injury that either presented in a delayed fashion or was missed on initial assessment were identified and their characteristics were evaluated. The surgical management of these patients was assessed as was their postoperative course at their 2-week, 6-week, 3-month, and 6-month clinic follow-up visits.
Results Eight patients were identified with perilunate dislocations that were diagnosed in a delayed fashion. On average, these dislocations were diagnosed 133 days following the date of injury. All patients were males and 7/8 of them were between 17 and 20 years of age at the time of their injury (mean age: 25.5). They were treated with either primary repair, wrist fusion, proximal row carpectomy, or scaphoid excision and four-corner fusion (SEFCF). Both pain and range of motion improved following surgical management of these injuries.
Conclusion Perilunate dislocations are rare injuries that are notorious for being diagnosed late, at which point primary repair is oftentimes no longer feasible. Salvage procedures are able to improve the range of motion and pain of patients who are found to have chronic dislocations. Our case series highlights the importance of treating each missed perilunate injury individually and avoiding a “one-size-fits-all” approach.
Interfacial band parameters of ultrathin ALD-ZrO2 on Ga-polar GaN through XPS measurements
Authors: Qiu Shuoyang , Gong Jiarui , Zhou Jie , Ng Tien Khee , Singh Ranveer , Sheikhi Moheb , Ooi Boon S. , Ma Zhenqiang 
Published: May 2023

Recent demonstrations of grafted p-n junctions combining n-type GaN with p-type semiconductors have shown great potential in achieving lattice-mismatch epitaxy-like heterostructures. Ultrathin dielectrics deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) serve both as a double-sided surface passivation layer and a quantum tunneling layer. On the other hand, with excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties, ZrO2 serves as a high-k gate dielectric material in multiple applications, which is also of potential interest to applications in grafted GaN-based heterostructures. In this sense, understanding the interfacial band parameters of ultrathin ALD-ZrO2 is of great importance. In this work, the band-bending of Ga-polar GaN with ultrathin ALD-ZrO2 was studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This study demonstrated that ZrO2 can effectively suppress upward band-bending from 0.88 to 0.48 eV at five deposition cycles. The bandgap values of ALD-ZrO2 at different thicknesses were also carefully studied.
Dynamic surface stress field of the pure liquid–vapor interface subjected to the cyclic loads
Authors: Yu Zhiyong , Lv Songtai , Zhang Xin , Liang Hongtao , Xie Wei , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate a methodology for computationally investigating the mechanical response of a pure molten lead surface system to the lateral mechanical cyclic loads and try to answer the following question: how does the dynamically driven liquid surface system follow the classical physics of the elastic-driven oscillation? The steady-state oscillation of the dynamic surface tension (or excess stress) under cyclic load, including the excitation of high-frequency vibration mode at different driving frequencies and amplitudes, was compared with the classical theory of a single-body driven damped oscillator. Under the highest studied frequency (50 GHz) and amplitude (5%) of the load, the increase of in (mean value) dynamic surface tension could reach ∼5%. The peak and trough values of the instantaneous dynamic surface tension could reach (up to) 40% increase and (up to) 20% decrease compared to the equilibrium surface tension, respectively. The extracted generalized natural frequencies seem to be intimately related to the intrinsic timescales of the atomic temporal–spatial correlation functions of the liquids both in the bulk region and in the outermost surface layers. These insights uncovered could be helpful for quantitative manipulation of the liquid surface using ultrafast shockwaves or laser pulses.
Dipolar relaxation, conductivity, and polar order in AgCN
Authors: Lunkenheimer P. , Loidl A. , Johari G. P. 
Published: May 2023

By using dielectric spectroscopy in a broad range of temperatures and frequencies, we have investigated dipolar relaxations, the dc conductivity, and the possible occurrence of polar order in AgCN. The conductivity contributions dominate the dielectric response at elevated temperatures and low frequencies, most likely arising from the mobility of the small silver ions. In addition, we observe the dipolar relaxation dynamics of the dumbbell-shaped CN− ions, whose temperature dependence follows the Arrhenius behavior with a hindering barrier of 0.59 eV (57 kJ/mol). It correlates well with a systematic development of the relaxation dynamics with the cation radius, previously observed in various alkali cyanides. By comparison with the latter, we conclude that AgCN does not exhibit a plastic high-temperature phase with free rotation of the cyanide ions. Instead, our results indicate that a phase with quadrupolar order, revealing dipolar head-to-tail disorder of the CN− ions, exists at elevated temperatures up to the decomposition temperature, which crosses over to long-range polar order of the CN dipole moments below about 475 K. Dipole ordering was also reported for NaCN and KCN, and a comparison with these systems suggests a critical relaxation rate of 105–107 Hz, marking the onset of dipolar order in the cyanides. The detected relaxation dynamics in this order–disorder type polar state points to glasslike freezing below about 195 K of a fraction of non-ordered CN dipoles.
Effects of the Child Dental Benefits Schedule on dental hospitalisation rates in Australian children
Authors: Aminian Parmis , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: May 2023

Objective The Child Dental Benefits Schedule (CDBS) was introduced in 2014, and its aim was to support access to dental care for eligible children in Australia. Dental caries, and pulp and periapical diseases were the major dental reasons for children’s hospitalisations. This study investigated if the availability of the CDBS had any effects on hospitalisation rates in Australian children. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of Medicare data from the Australian Government and the hospitalisation data from The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) from 2008 (6 years before the commencement of the CDBS) to 2020 (6 years after the commencement of the CDBS). Results Although the hospitalisation rate trend was reducing before the CDBS started (2008–14), this reduction was not statistically significant. The reduction of hospitalisation rates was higher after the commencement of the CDBS (2014–20) and was statistically significant, but the regression model analysis showed a positive correlation between the CDBS and hospitalisation rate. The analysis without ‘abnormal’ year data (2019–20, COVID-19 pandemic year) supported no statistically significant decrease in hospitalisation rate after the commencement of the CDBS in 2014 until 2019. Conclusion Although the CDBS is improving access to dental care for eligible children, any possible effects the CDBS might have on hospitalisations are not yet evident.
Long-term effects of extensive grazing on pasture productivity
Authors: Grinnell Natascha A. , Komainda Martin , Tonn Bettina , Hamidi Dina , Isselstein Johannes 
Published: May 2023

Context In grazed grassland, the per area output of animal-source products usually declines with decreasing stocking rates because of lower herbage utilisation efficiency. Consequently, nutrient export is larger with increased stocking intensity, which should decrease the productivity in the long term. However, little information is available on long-term productivity of extensive grasslands under varied stocking intensities receiving no input. Aims The effect of stocking intensity was investigated in a long-term grazing trial over 16 years of production. We hypothesised that, despite minimal nutrient export under grazing, no reduction in productivity occurs over long-term periods, but expected an interaction between stocking intensity and year. Method The net pasture productivity was determined in terms of animal performance assessed from Fleckvieh cows grazing in a randomised block design with three replicates in three different stocking intensities (moderate, lenient, and very lenient, corresponding to stocking rates of 1.1, 0.7, and 0.5 livestock unit/ha.year respectively), recorded from 2005 to 2020. Metabolisable energy in GJ/ha.year (MEtotal) provided by the pasture and the livestock unit grazing days/ha.year (LUGD, 1LU = 500 kg) were calculated on the basis of liveweight measurements. Key results The interaction of year and treatment significantly affected LUGD (F = 16.85, d.f. = 30, P < 0.0001) and MEtotal (F = 12.81, d.f. = 30, P < 0.0001) and indicated a cyclic trajectory with increases and decreases in performance over the study years. Overall, the moderate stocking intensity led to and maintained significantly higher performance than did very lenient grazing of up to 60% and 55% in LUGD and MEtotal respectively. However, structural equation modelling indicated a negative temporal trend irrespective of stocking intensity. Conclusions On the basis of existing data of herbage quality and botanical composition from the same experiment, this trend was likely to be a result of nutrient redistribution within pastures that probably changed the botanical composition and grass sward productivity in conjunction with drier years towards the end of this study period. Implications This study showed that productivity in low-input grassland under continuous grazing declines over time irrespective of stocking intensity. Productivity decline in all treatments implies tradeoffs for farmers grazing at lower stocking intensities.
Is there sufficient genetic variation to breed Elsenburg Merino sheep with shorter tails?
Authors: Teubes M. , Cloete S. W. P. , Dzama K. , Scholtz A. J. 
Published: May 2023

Context Breech strike compromises wool production and welfare of Merinos. Long tails contribute to the formation of dags, increasing the risk of sheep attracting gravid blowfly females. Tail-docking is popular globally, as it reduces the incidence of dags. Breeding for a reduced tail length is a more socially accepted measure to replace tail-docking as a management strategy, since stronger legislation for animal welfare is expected. Aim The study used historic data on tail length (TL), birth weight (BW) and bodyweight at docking (DW) to estimate genetic and environmental parameters for these traits in a well known South African resource flock. Methods Merino lambs born from 2016 to 2021 (except for 2020 due to Covid-19) of the Elsenburg Merino flock were recorded for TL, BW and DW. The flock was separated by divergent selection for and against a number of lambs weaned per ewe mated in a High (H) and a Low (L) line. Fixed effects included birth year, sex, selection line, dam age and birth type. ASReml was used to analyse the fixed effects so as to obtain an operational model, before adding the random direct genetic (h2), maternal genetic (m2) and maternal permanent environmental (c2) effects. Results H-line lambs were heavier at birth and tail-docking, with longer tails than those of L-line contemporaries (all P < 0.01). The line difference in TL seemed to be size-dependent, as it was eliminated by adding DW as a covariate to the analysis. The same trend was observed for sex, dam age and birth type. TL was thus affected (P < 0.01) only by birth year in the latter analysis. Regressions of TL on age at tail-docking and DW were highly significant (P < 0.01). Single-trait estimates of h2 were 0.26 for BW, 0.06 for DW, and 0.30 for TL. TL remained heritable at 0.38 in the analysis including DW as a covariate. Including m2 improved the random-effects model for TL (0.08) and DW (0.20). TL and DW were genetically correlated (rG = 0.47 and rM = 0.70). Conclusions TL was moderately heritable, with small m2 and non-significant c2 effects. It will be possible to directly select for TL. However, selection for shorter tails will reduce size if breeding values are not adjusted for DW as a covariate. Implications Further studies on the genetic basis of TL as well as its genetic correlations with other traits of economic importance are warranted.
Reconstructing Middle and Upper Paleolithic human mobility in Portuguese Estremadura through laser ablation strontium isotope analysis
Authors: Linscott Bethan , Pike Alistair W. G. , Angelucci Diego E. , Cooper Matthew J. , Milton James S. , Matias Henrique , Zilhão João 
Published: May 2023

Understanding mobility and landscape use is important in reconstructing subsistence behavior, range, and group size, and it may contribute to our understanding of phenomena such as the dynamics of biological and cultural interactions between distinct populations of Upper Pleistocene humans. However, studies using traditional strontium isotope analysis are generally limited to identifying locations of childhood residence or nonlocal individuals and lack the sampling resolution to detect movement over short timescales. Here, using an optimized methodology, we present highly spatially resolved
87
Sr/
86
Sr measurements made by laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry along the growth axis of the enamel of two marine isotope stage 5b, Middle Paleolithic Neanderthal teeth (Gruta da Oliveira), a Tardiglacial, Late Magdalenian human tooth (Galeria da Cisterna), and associated contemporaneous fauna from the Almonda karst system, Torres Novas, Portugal. Strontium isotope mapping of the region shows extreme variation in
87
Sr/
86
Sr, with values ranging from 0.7080 to 0.7160 over a distance of c. 50 km, allowing short-distance (and arguably short-duration) movement to be detected. We find that the early Middle Paleolithic individuals roamed across a subsistence territory of approximately 600 km
2
, while the Late Magdalenian individual parsimoniously fits a pattern of limited, probably seasonal movement along the right bank of the 20-km-long Almonda River valley, between mouth and spring, exploiting a smaller territory of approximately 300 km
2
. We argue that the differences in territory size are due to an increase in population density during the Late Upper Paleolithic.
Epistemics and conversational humour in intercultural first conversations
Authors: Sheikhan Amir , Haugh Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we examine conversational humour in
intercultural initial interactions, in which participants not only
do not know each other, but also come from different cultural
backgrounds, through the lens of epistemics. Our
analysis examines episodes of conversational humour identified in
the Video-Mediated English as a Lingua Franca Conversations (ViMELF)
corpus (ViMELF 2018). The analysis focuses on the design of these humour
episodes, the negotiation of shared knowledge prior to and during
these episodes, and responses to humour bids. Results indicate that
whether and how an attempt at humour is responded to reflects the
epistemic stance/status of participants in that conversation. When
the speaker assumes K- status for the recipient or there is no local
negotiation of relevant knowledge, the laughable is generally
disattended. On the other hand, when K+ status is assumed for the
recipient or the laughable is based on locally co-constructed shared
knowledge and/or knowledge is negotiated, the humour episode is
expanded upon by the recipient. We conclude that the role of
epistemics needs to be more explicitly attended to in the
theorisation of humour more broadly.
Goalkeepers’ plasticity during learning of a whole‐body visuomotor rotation in a stable or variable environment
Authors: Vouras Ilias , Chatzinikolaou Konstantinos , Sotirakis Charalampos , Metaxas Thomas , Hatzitaki Vassilia 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTPostural adjustments performed in anticipation of uncertain visual events is a common sensorimotor control problem in open sport skills. In this study, we examined how expert soccer goalkeepers and non‐athletes learn a whole body visuomotor rotation during postural tracking of constant and variable visual target motions. Twenty‐one (21) soccer goalkeepers (18 ± 15 years, 75 ± 12 kg) and 25 age‐matched non‐athletes (18 ± 12 years, 75 ± 15 kg) practiced lateral weight shifting on a dual force platform while tracking the motion of a constant (11 goalkeepers and 12 non‐athletes) or a variable (10 goalkeepers and 13 non‐athletes) visual target with provision of online visual feedback (VF). After 40s of tracking (baseline), the visual presentation of the VF signal reversed direction relative to the participant's motion (180° visuo‐motor rotation) for 60s (adaptation) and then returned to its veridical direction for another 20s (washout). During adaptation, goalkeepers reduced the spatiotemporal error to baseline levels at an earlier time block (3rd block) compared to non‐athletes (6th block), but this difference was significant only for groups tracking of the constant and not the variable target motion. Only the groups tracking the constant target increased the spatiotemporal error during the 1st washout block demonstrating a significant aftereffect. It is concluded that goalkeepers adapt faster to the feedback rotation due to their prior field knowledge of relevant visuomotor transformations in anticipation of deceptive visual cues. This expertise advantage however is present only in a stable visual environment possibly because learning is compromised when tracking uncertain motion cues requiring closed loop control.Highlights

We examined how expert goalkeepers and non‐athletes adopt to a novel whole body visuomotor rotation when tracking a constantly or variably moving target
Goalkeepers adopted faster to the visuomotor rotation than non‐athletes
Expertise related differences were evident only for groups tracking the constant target motion
Groups tracking the variable target motion did not learn the visuomotor rotation