bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostik und Therapie des Typ 1 Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)
Authors: Lechleitner Monika , Kaser Susanne , Hoppichler Friedrich , Roden Michael , Weitgasser Raimund , Ludvik Bernhard , Fasching Peter , Winhofer Yvonne , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Schernthaner Guntram , Prager Rudolf , Wascher Thomas C. , Clodi Martin 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Leitlinie nimmt Bezug auf die Diagnostik, einschließlich begleitender Autoimmunerkrankungen, bei Typ 1 Diabetes mellitus, die Insulintherapie und die glykämischen Zielwerte.
Antihyperglykämische Therapie bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (Update 2023)
Authors: Clodi Martin , Abrahamian Heidemarie , Brath Helmut , Schernthaner Guntram , Brix Johann , Ludvik Bernhard , Drexel Heinz , Saely Christoph H. , Fasching Peter , Rega-Kaun Gersina , Föger Bernhard , Francesconi Claudia , Fröhlich-Reiterer Elke , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Harreiter Jürgen , Luger Anton , Resl Michael , Riedl Michaela , Winhofer Yvonne , Hofer Sabine E. , Hoppichler Friedrich , Huber Joakim , Kaser Susanne , Ress Claudia , Lechleitner Monika , Aberer Felix , Mader Julia K. , Sourij Harald , Toplak Hermann , Paulweber Bernhard , Stechemesser Lars , Pieber Thomas , Prager Rudolf , Stingl Harald , Stulnig Thomas , Rami-Merhar Birgit , Drexel Heinz , Roden Michael , Schelkshorn Christian , Wascher Thomas C. , Weitgasser Raimund , Zlamal-Fortunat Sandra 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Hyperglykämie ist wesentlich an der Entstehung der Spätkomplikationen bei an Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 erkrankten Patienten/Patientinnen beteiligt. Während Lebensstilmaßnahmen die Eckpfeiler jeder Diabetestherapie bleiben, benötigen im Verlauf die meisten Patienten/Patientinnen mit Typ 2 Diabetes eine medikamentöse Therapie. Bei der Definition individueller Behandlungsziele stellen die Therapiesicherheit, die Effektivität sowie substanzspezifische, kardiovaskuläre Effekte der Therapie die wichtigsten Faktoren dar. In dieser Leitlinie haben wir die rezenten evidenzbasierten Daten für die klinische Praxis zusammengestellt.
Diabetes mellitus und Straßenverkehr – ein Positionspapier der Österreichischen Diabetesgesellschaft (Update 2023)
Authors: Abrahamian Heidemarie , Salamon Birgit , Lahnsteiner Angelika , Schelkshorn Christian , Bräuer Alexander , Stechemesser Lars , Köhler Gerd , Clodi Martin 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungBei der Beurteilung der gesundheitlichen Eignung zum Lenken eines Kraftfahrzeuges ist die öffentliche Sicherheit (Unfallprävention) das vorrangige Ziel. Der generelle Zugang zu Mobilität sollte jedoch nicht eingeschränkt werden, wenn kein besonderes Risiko für die öffentliche Sicherheit besteht. Für Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus sind im Führerscheingesetz (FSG) und in der Führerscheingesetz-Gesundheitsversorgung (FSG-GV) wichtige Aspekte zur Fahrsicherheit in Zusammenhang mit akuten und chronischen Komplikationen der Erkrankung geregelt. Zu den kritischen Komplikationen, die für die Verkehrssicherheit relevant sind, gehören schwere Hypoglykämie, ausgeprägte Hyperglykämie und Hypoglykämiewahrnehmungsstörung, sowie schwere Retinopathie und Neuropathie, weiters fortgeschrittene Nierenerkrankung und bestimmte kardiovaskuläre Manifestationen. Bei Verdacht auf Präsenz einer dieser Akutkomplikationen oder Folgeschäden ist eine genaue Evaluierung erforderlich.Darüber hinaus ist die individuelle antihyperglykämische Medikation auf vorhandenes Potenzial für Hypoglykämien zu überprüfen. Sulfonylharnstoffe, Glinide und Insulin gehören in diese Gruppe und sind daher automatisch mit der Auflage einer 5‑jährigen Befristung des Führerscheines assoziiert. Metformin, DPP-4-Hemmer (Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-4-Hemmer, Gliptine), SGLT2-Hemmer (Sodium-dependent-glucose-transporter‑2 inhibitors, Gliflozine), Glitazone und die zu injizierenden GLP-1 Analoga (GLP‑1 Rezeptor Agonisten) weisen kein Hypoglykämiepotential auf und sind daher nicht mit einer Befristung verbunden.Die FSG-GV gibt Spielraum für Interpretation, sodass im Folgenden spezifische Themen zur Fahrsicherheit für Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus aus fachärztlicher und verkehrsrelevanter Sicht aufgearbeitet wurden. Dieses Positionspapier dient zur Unterstützung von Personen, die mit dieser herausfordernden Materie befasst sind.
Geochemical fingerprint—inter-basin chemostratigraphic correlation allowed for a more detailed stratigraphic subdivision of the Pliensbachian–Bathonian strata from the Carpathian Foredeep basement (Ukraine)
Authors: Zakrzewski Adam , Krajewski Marcin , Kosakowski Paweł 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, we combined the geochemical characteristics based on Rock-Eval pyrolysis and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS) results with the facies analysis. These surveys were conducted within grey to black claystones/mudstones intervals of the Podil’tsi and Kokhanivka formations, related to the Pliensbachian and Toarcian–Bathonian ages, respectively. The geochemical results revealed that the Podil’tsi Formation contains mixed marine/terrigenous, early-mature to mature organic matter. The deposition of this formation took place in dysoxic redox conditions of a sulphate-poor marine palaeoenvironment, with oxygen scarcity within the photic zone, as documented by green- and brown-pigmented Chlorobiaceae. Oleanane is present within the samples from the Podil’tsi Formation, which is uncommon within Lower Jurassic sedimentary rocks. The Kokhanivka Formation contains mostly early-mature, terrestrial organic matter, deposited in suboxic conditions of a sulphate-poor, fluvial–deltaic palaeoenvironment. The absence of aliphatic diterpenoids within the Middle Jurassic strata points to the low significance of conifers in the sediment supply area at this time. All of the Podil’tsi and most of the Kokhanivka formations are characterised by poor hydrocarbon potential. Only the middle part of the Kokhanivka Formation, built by brown, organic-rich claystones, shows fair-to-good hydrocarbon potential. Based on our results, a chemostratigraphic correlation of the Toarcian–Bathonian strata from the Carpathian Foredeep with the same strata from the neighbouring Polish Basin was performed. The juxtaposition of the geochemical and facies results suggests that the interval of brown organic-rich claystones, from the middle part of the Kokhanivka Formation can be related to the Middle–Upper Aalenian Age.
Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Subcortical Gray Matter Microstructure and Volume in the Developing Brain
Authors: Watts Richard , Rader Lydia , Grant Justin , Filippi Christopher G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing baseline (ages 9–10) and two-year follow-up (ages 11–12) data from monozygotic and dizygotic twins enrolled in the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study, we investigated the genetic and environmental contributions to microstructure and volume of nine subcortical gray matter regions. Microstructure was assessed using diffusion MRI data analyzed using restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) models. The highest heritability estimates (estimate [95% confidence interval]) for microstructure were found using the RSI model in the pallidum (baseline: 0.859 [0.818, 0.889], follow-up: 0.835 [0.787, 0.871]), putamen (baseline: 0.859 [0.819, 0.889], follow-up: 0.874 [0.838, 0.902]), and thalamus (baseline: 0.855 [0.814, 0.887], follow-up: 0.819 [0.769, 0.857]). For volumes the corresponding regions were the caudate (baseline: 0.831 [0.688, 0.992], follow-up: 0.848 [0.701, 1.011]) and putamen (baseline: 0.906 [0.875, 0.914], follow-up: 0.906 [0.885, 0.923]). The subcortical regions displayed high genetic stability (rA = 0.743–1.000) across time and exhibited unique environmental correlations (rE = 0.194–0.610). Individual differences in both gray matter microstructure and volumes can be largely explained by additive genetic effects in this sample.
The Cortico-Limbo-Thalamo-Cortical Circuits: An Update to the Original Papez Circuit of the Human Limbic System
Authors: Kamali Arash , Milosavljevic Sofia , Gandhi Anusha , Lano Kinsey R. , Shobeiri Parnian , Sherbaf Farzaneh Ghazi , Sair Haris I. , Riascos Roy F. , Hasan Khader M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Papez circuit, first proposed by James Papez in 1937, is a circuit believed to control memory and emotions, composed of the cingulate cortex, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and thalamus. Pursuant to James Papez, Paul Yakovlev and Paul MacLean incorporated the prefrontal/orbitofrontal cortex, septum, amygdalae, and anterior temporal lobes into the limbic system. Over the past few years, diffusion-weighted tractography techniques revealed additional limbic fiber connectivity, which incorporates multiple circuits to the already known complex limbic network. In the current review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize the anatomy of the limbic system and elaborate on the anatomical connectivity of the limbic circuits based on the published literature as an update to the original Papez circuit.
Individual variation within wild populations of an arid-zone lizard dictates oxidative stress levels despite exposure to sublethal pesticides
Authors: Contador-Kelsall Isabella , Maute Kimberly , de Beer Maxwell , French Kristine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe relationship between sublethal pesticide exposure and oxidative stress in an ecologically relevant field setting is relatively unknown for reptiles. Oxidative stress is a multi-faceted concept that dictates key survival and fitness parameters in any organism. Fipronil and fenitrothion are two pesticides widely used globally for agricultural pest management. Using a field-based, BACI designed experiment we investigated the impact of sublethal pesticide exposure on oxidative stress biomarkers protein carbonyl and DNA damage (8-OHdG), in an arid-zone lizard species, Pogona vitticeps. A single ecologically relevant dose of pesticide was applied via oral gavage to treatment animals. Lizard condition, activity measures, and blood biomarkers were measured at relevant sampling intervals. Cholinesterase (ChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymatic biomarkers were measured in response to fenitrothion, and fipronil blood residues were measured for fipronil-treated lizards. Results suggested no significant treatment effect of either pesticide on parameters measured, however, 8-OHdG levels decreased by ≥ 45% for both pesticide treatment groups and not controls. Protein carbonyl levels showed a high degree of individual variation that proved more influential than pesticide exposure. Building our understanding of the macromolecular impacts of sublethal pesticide exposure on wild lizard populations is an integral step in addressing the current gap in literature and management practices. Our study has also highlighted the complex nature of studying oxidative stress in the field and the sheer necessity of future study.
Damage as a Material Phase Transition
Authors: Bucchi Andrea , De Tommasi Domenico , Puglisi Giuseppe , Saccomandi Giuseppe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe propose paradigmatic examples to show how material damage phenomena can be efficiently described as a solid-solid phase transition. Starting from the pioneering work of J.L. Ericksen (J. Elast. 5(3):191–201, 1975) and the extensions of R.L. Fosdick and other authors to three-dimensional non linear elasticity, we describe the insurgence of damage as a hard → soft transition between two material states (damage and undamaged) characterized by two different energy wells. We consider the two separate constitutive assumptions of a simple Neo-Hookean type damageable material and a more complex microstructure inspired damageable Gent type material with variable limit threshold of the first invariant. In both cases we study two different deformation shear classes, one homogeneous and the other one inhomogeneous and obtain fully analytic description of the system damage response under cyclic loading. The considered constitutive assumptions and deformation classes are aimed at attaining fully analytic descriptions. On the other hand, we remark that the proposed, Griffith type, variational approach of damage, based on two different energy density functions for the damaged and undamaged material phases, and a resulting non (rank-one) convex energy, can be extended to systems with more complex energy functions, possibly with a larger number of wells representing an increasing degree of damage.
Machine learning-based test selection for simulation-based testing of self-driving cars software
Authors: Birchler Christian , Khatiri Sajad , Bosshard Bill , Gambi Alessio , Panichella Sebastiano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSimulation platforms facilitate the development of emerging Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) like self-driving cars (SDC) because they are more efficient and less dangerous than field operational test cases. Despite this, thoroughly testing SDCs in simulated environments remains challenging because SDCs must be tested in a sheer amount of long-running test cases. Past results on software testing optimization have shown that not all the test cases contribute equally to establishing confidence in test subjects’ quality and reliability, and the execution of “safe and uninformative” test cases can be skipped to reduce testing effort. However, this problem is only partially addressed in the context of SDC simulation platforms. In this paper, we investigate test selection strategies to increase the cost-effectiveness of simulation-based testing in the context of SDCs. We propose an approach called SDC-Scissor (SDC coS t-effeC tI ve teS t S electOR) that leverages Machine Learning (ML) strategies to identify and skip test cases that are unlikely to detect faults in SDCs before executing them. Our evaluation shows that SDC-Scissor outperforms the baselines. With the Logistic model, we achieve an accuracy of 70%, a precision of 65%, and a recall of 80% in selecting tests leading to a fault and improved testing cost-effectiveness. Specifically, SDC-Scissor avoided the execution of 50% of unnecessary tests as well as outperformed two baseline strategies. Complementary to existing work, we also integrated SDC-Scissor into the context of an industrial organization in the automotive domain to demonstrate how it can be used in industrial settings.
The seven troubles with norm-compliant robots
Authors: Coggins Tom N. , Steinert Steffen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany researchers from robotics, machine ethics, and adjacent fields seem to assume that norms represent good behavior that social robots should learn to benefit their users and society. We would like to complicate this view and present seven key troubles with norm-compliant robots: (1) norm biases, (2) paternalism (3) tyrannies of the majority, (4) pluralistic ignorance, (5) paths of least resistance, (6) outdated norms, and (7) technologically-induced norm change. Because discussions of why norm-compliant robots can be problematic are noticeably absent from the robot and machine ethics literature, this paper fills an important research gap. We argue that it is critical for researchers to take these issues into account if they wish to make norm-compliant robots.
Codazzi tensors and their space-times and Cotton gravity
Authors: Mantica Carlo Alberto , Molinari Luca Guido 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study the geometric properties of certain Codazzi tensors for their own sake, and for their appearance in the recent theory of Cotton gravity. We prove that a perfect-fluid tensor is Codazzi if and only if the metric is a generalized Stephani universe. A trace condition restricts it to a warped space-time, as proven by Merton and Derdziński. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for a space-time to host a current-flow Codazzi tensor. In particular, we study the static and spherically symmetric cases, which include the Nariai and Bertotti-Robinson metrics. The latter are a special case of Yang Pure space-times, together with spatially flat FRW space-times with constant curvature scalar. We apply these results to the recent Cotton gravity by Harada. We show that the equation of Cotton gravity is Einstein’s equation modified by the presence of a Codazzi tensor, which can be chosen freely and constrains the space-time where the theory is staged. In doing so, the tensor (chosen in forms appropriate for physics) implies the form of the Ricci tensor. The two tensors specify the energy-momentum tensor, which is the source in the equation of Cotton gravity for the metric implied by the Codazzi tensor. For example, we show that the Stephani, Nariai and Bertotti-Robinson space-times are characterized by a “current flow” Codazzi tensor. Because of it, they solve Cotton gravity with physically sensible energy-momentum tensors. Finally, we discuss Cotton gravity in constant curvature space-times.
Diatom community response to inland water salinization: a review
Authors: Stenger-Kovács C. , Béres V. B. , Buczkó K. , Tapolczai K. , Padisák J. , Selmeczy G. B. , Lengyel E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBoth natural and anthropogenic processes can lead to the increasing salinity of surface waters. The knowledge about the ecological consequences of salinization on the biota is limited especially in case of microbiota, like diatoms. We collected the existing knowledge about the relationship between salinity and diatoms in fresh and saline waters. Based on the available papers, conductivity and ion composition are the most important variables shaping diatom communities. Secondary salinization can mask regional differences in diatom assemblages. Trait-based analyses highlight the competitive advantages of motile guild and the extreme trait categories in these environments. The increasing conductivity along a wide conductivity scale decreases the alpha-diversity. Salinization induces the spread and invasion of marine and brackish species into inland freshwaters as well as that of freshwater species tolerating elevated conductivity and/or need specific ions. Concerning food webs, salinity can directly change diatom communities and the subsequent upper trophic levels but most likely this effect manifests as a top-down regulation. Applicable diatom indices are available to assess the level of salinization. Furthermore, diatom-inferred salinity reconstructions are widely applied to assess the past changes of salinity. However, future models predicting ecological consequences of salinization are scarce and sometimes contradictory.
Seasonal 222Rn activity in spring water close to rare earth element and uranium mines in North Vietnam
Authors: Duong Van-Hao , Vu Hong-Duong , Nguyen Dong Thanh , Pham Luan Thanh , Tóth Gergely , Hegedűs Miklós , Kovacs Tibor 
Published: April 2023

Abstract222Rn is among the most important issues for radiation exposure in/near high background radiation areas such as near rare-earth-element (REE) and uranium mines in North Vietnam. Seasonal 222Rn activity concentration in spring water was determined by RAD-7, with average ranges of 1270 ± 60–66,400 ± 2630 Bq m−3, therein the highest value was a REE, and the lowest a uranium mine. The 222Rn activity concentration was higher in the dry season, which could be attributed to 222Rn leaching to spring waters from nearby mines, and lower in the rainy season due to dilution by rain water. The 222Rn annual effective doses were within permissible limits.
Connecting teachers’ language knowledge, perceived ability and instructional practices to Grade 1 students’ literacy outcomes
Authors: Parrila Rauno , Inoue Tomohiro , Dunn Kristy , Savage Robert , Georgiou George 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe examined the associations between teachers’ knowledge of language and literacy constructs, perceived ability to teach early literacy skills, instructional practice, and students’ early reading outcomes. The results showed that teacher knowledge predicted quality of instruction, but neither quality of instruction nor teacher knowledge were associated with stronger decoding or word reading outcomes once earlier decoding skills were controlled. Differentiation of instruction was observed more in classrooms with lower initial decoding skills, and it contributed to better decoding at Time 2. Finally, perceived ability predicted decoding and years of experience predicted word reading at Time 2.
Variable selection and regularization via arbitrary rectangle-range generalized elastic net
Authors: Ding Yujia , Peng Qidi , Song Zhengming , Chen Hansen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce the arbitrary rectangle-range generalized elastic net penalty method, abbreviated to ARGEN, for performing constrained variable selection and regularization in high-dimensional sparse linear models. As a natural extension of the nonnegative elastic net penalty method, ARGEN is proved to have both variable selection consistency and estimation consistency under some conditions. The asymptotic behavior in distribution of the ARGEN estimators have been studied in this framework. We also propose an algorithm called MU-QP-RR-W-$$l_1$$l1to efficiently solve the ARGEN problem. By conducting simulation study we show that ARGEN outperforms the elastic net in a number of settings. Finally an application of S &P 500 index tracking with constraints on the stock allocations is performed to provide general guidance for adapting ARGEN to solve real-world problems.
Connexivity in the Logic of Reasons
Authors: Iacona Andrea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses some key connexive principles construed as principles about reasons, that is, as principles that express logical properties of sentences of the form ‘p is a reason for q’. Its main goal is to show how the theory of reasons outlined by Crupi and Iacona, which is based on their evidential account of conditionals, yields a formal treatment of such sentences that validates a restricted version of the principles discussed, overcoming some limitations that affect most extant accounts of conditionals.
Modeling and optimization of chemical-treated torrefaction of wheat straw to improve energy density by response surface methodology
Authors: Majamo Samuel Latebo , Amibo Temesgen Abeto 
Published: April 2023

Abstract Today, torrefaction is important technique for extending the potential of biomass for improvement of energy density. The independent variables investigated for torrefaction study were temperature, retention time, acid concentration, and particle size. The experiment was designed by central composite design (CCD) method using design expert (version 11). The three dependent variables were higher heating value (HHV), energy enhancement factor (EEF), and mass yield (MY) were carried out. Numerical optimization using response surface method (RSM) to maximize the HHV and EEF with lowest MY was carried out. The maximum HHV of 25.05MJ/kg, lowest MY of 60.15%wt and highest EEF of 1.593 were obtained at 299.99°C, 31.89min of retention time, 0.75g/l of acid concentration and 0.20mm of particle size. Proximate analysis, bulk density, hydrophobicity, energy density, and ultimate analysis of raw and torrefied biomass were determined to analyze the physiochemical properties of the fuel. In addition, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were done to distinguish the behavior of raw and torrefied wheat straw. The results implied that energy density of torrefied biomass was well improved when compared with raw biomass. All in all, energy density of torrefied biomass was improved, which can be used as an alternative energy.