bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐assembly behavior of elastin‐like polypeptides composed of charged and neutral blocks with different block ratio
Authors: Choi Jeong‐Wan , Won Jong‐In 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) are stimulus‐responsive protein‐based biopolymers, and some ELP block copolymers can assemble into spherical nanoparticles with thermosensitivity. In this study, three differently charged‐neutral diblock ELPs with different ratios of (1:8, 1:4, and 1:2) and one neutral ELP were synthesized, and the dependence of their physical properties on ELP concentration, pH, temperature, and salt concentration was investigated. In deionized water, all ELPs showed one‐step transition behavior from soluble single chains below the transition temperature (Tt), to macroscopic aggregates above the Tt. In NaCl solutions, while neutral ELP still aggregated above the Tt, the charged‐neutral diblock ELPs (1:4 and 1:2) formed hydrophobic core micelles by self‐assembly above certain NaCl concentration and would not aggregate due to the repulsive force between the same charged molecules on the surface. The temperature‐triggered self‐assembly behavior of each ELP as a function of block ratio, temperature, and salt concentration was investigated using analytical instruments that included a turbidimeter, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy.
Benchmarking Cationic Monolayer Protected Nanoparticles and Micelles for Phosphate‐Mediated and Nucleotide‐Selective Proton Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Mahato Rishi Ram , Juneja Sakshi , Maiti Subhabrata 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBoth micelles and self‐assembled monolayer (SAM)‐protected nanoparticles are capable of efficiently hosting water‐immiscible substrates to carry out organic reactions in aqueous media. Herein, we have analyzed the different catalytic effect of SAM‐protected cationic nanoparticles and cationic surfactants of varying chain length towards base‐catalyzed proton transfer mediated ring‐opening reaction of 5‐nitrobenzisoxazole (NBI) (also known as Kemp Elimination (KE) reaction). We use inorganic phosphate ion or different nucleotide (phosphate‐ligated different nucleoside) as base to promote the reaction on micellar or nanoparticle interface. We find almost 2–3 orders of magnitude higher concentration of surfactants of comparable hydrophobicity required to reach the similar activity which attained by low cationic head group concentration bound on nanoparticle. Additionally, at low concentration of nanoparticle‐bound surfactant or with high surfactant in micellar form, nucleotide‐selectivity has been observed in activating KE reaction unlike free surfactant at low concentration. Finally, we showed enzyme‐mediated nucleotide hydrolysis to generate phosphate ion which in situ upregulate the KE activity much more in GNP‐based system compared to CTAB. Notably, we show a reasonable superiority of SAM‐protected nanoparticles in activating chemical reaction in micromolar concentration of headgroup which certainly boost up application of SAM‐based nanoparticles not only for selective recognition but also as eco‐friendly catalyst.
Single‐cell detection of DMSO promoted HL‐60 differentiation toward granulocyte based on DC‐iDEP for medicine screening
Authors: Wang Miaomiao , Wang Mingxu , Li Wei , Liu Yameng , Qiu Feng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe most common form of leukemia in adults is acute leukemia. Drug differentiation control is an extremely critical treatment for acute leukemia. Unfortunately, current techniques detecting differentiation control experience long time and complex steps of verification hindering the pace of medicine discovery: flow cytometry and RT‐PCR are highly accurate and efficient at a cost of inconvenient fluorescent labeling or a high risk of contamination; conventional staining leads to cell death unavailable for further pharmacological tests. There is a great interest in developing simple, fast, and non‐invasive techniques to screen medicine. DC‐iDEP is an emerging label‐free identification technique taking advantage of the whole cell native biophysical property for sorting cell populations. Here, HL‐60 cell line has been used as a model to study the differentiation process toward granulocytes and medicine efficacy. The results showed that DEP succeeded in detecting the DMSO promoted HL‐60 differentiation degree by the weighted average characterization factor. This factor is related to the single cell biophysical property, which accumulates to generate differences in each population with distinct constitutions. Furthermore, cichoric acid was investigated to be capable of promoting DMSO‐induced differentiation efficiently. Using the change induced by cichoric acid, the HL‐60 medicine screening application has been first attempted based on DEP. A rapid, label‐free medicine screening method has been established to monitor HL‐60 differentiation toward granulocyte and has great potential for medicine screening.
Application and progress of highcontent imaging in molecular biology
Authors: Boyang Hu , Yangyanqiu Wang , Wenting Rui , Chenxin Yan , Jian Chu , Zhanbo Qu , Yanjun Yao , Qiang Yan , Shuwen Han 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHumans have adopted many different methods to explore matter imaging, among which high content imaging (HCI) could conduct automated imaging analysis of cells while maintaining its structural and functional integrity. Meanwhile, as one of the most important research tools for diagnosing human diseases, HCI is widely used in the frontier of medical research, and its future application has attracted researchers’ great interests. Here, the meaning of HCI was briefly explained, the history of optical imaging and the birth of HCI were described, and the experimental methods of HCI were described. Furthermore, the directions of the application of HCI were highlighted in five aspects: protein localization changes, gene identification, chemical and genetic analysis, microbiology, and drug discovery. Most importantly, some challenges and future directions of HCI were discussed, and the application and optimization of HCI were expected to be further explored.
Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis–A rare and disabling disease
Authors: Ashaolu Omowunmi , Ng Selwyn , Smale Shaun , Hughes Jenny 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessageMulticentric reticulohistiocytosis is a rare multisystemic condition associated with papulonodular skin lesions, severe arthritis and malignancy. Histopathology shows histiocytes containing abundant eosinophilic ground glass cytoplasm and multinucleated giant cells. Early recognition, age‐appropriate malignancy work‐up and treatment is important to prevent impairment of daily life activity.
Aroyl‐S,N‐Ketene Acetals: Luminous Renaissance of a Class of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Biesen Lukas , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAroyl‐S,N‐ketene acetals represent a peculiar class of heterocyclic merocyanines, compounds bearing pronounced and rather short dipoles with great push‐pull characteristics that define their rich properties. They are accessible via a wide array of synthetic concepts and procedures, ranging from addition‐elimination and condensation procedures up to rearrangement and metal‐mediated reactions. With our work from 2020, aroyl‐S,N‐ketene acetals have been identified as powerful and promising dyes with pronounced and vastly tunable solid‐state emission and aggregation‐induced emission properties. One characteristic trademark of this class of dye molecules is the level of control that could be exerted, and which was thoroughly explored. Based on these results, the field was opened to extend the system to bi‐ and multichromophoric systems by the full toolkit of synthetic organic chemistry thus giving access to even more exciting properties and manifolded substance libraries capitalizing on the AIE properties. This review aims at outlining the reaction‐based principles that allow for a swift and facile access to aroyl‐S,N‐ketene acetals, their methodical and structural evolution and the plethora of fluorescence and aggregation properties.
Chemical Synthesis of Human Milk Oligosaccharides: para‐Lacto‐N‐hexaose and para‐Lacto‐N‐neohexaose
Authors: Singh Yashapal , Escopy Samira , Shadrick Melanie , Bandara Mithila D. , Stine Keith J. , Demchenko Alexei V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMO) have emerged as a very active area of research in glycoscience and nutrition. HMO are involved in the early development of infants and may help to prevent certain diseases. The development of chemical methods for obtaining individual HMO aids the global effort dedicated to understanding the roles of these biomolecules. Reported herein is the chemical synthesis of two common core hexasaccharides found in human milk, i. e. para‐lacto‐N‐hexaose (pLNH) and para‐lacto‐N‐neohexaose (pLNnH). After screening multiple leaving groups and temporary protecting group combinations, a 3+3 convergent coupling strategy was found to work best for obtaining these linear glycans.
Discovery of Alkaloid Quinazolone‐Derived Imidazolenones with Novel Structural Scaffolds of Multitargeting Antibacterial Potential
Authors: Dai Jie , Battini Narsaiah , Zang Zhong‐Lin , Luo Yan , Zhou Cheng‐He 
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive SummaryAlkaloids are one of the prominent members in the development of new antimicrobial agents. This work discovered a class of alkaloid quinazolone‐derived imidazolenones as novel structural type of antibacterial agents with large potential to treat severe bacterial infections in the agricultural and food field. Preliminary bioactive assay displayed that some of the prepared compounds exhibited good inhibition against the tested strains, and cyclohexylimidazole‐derived 7‐fluoroquinazolone 22a (MIC = 0.002 mmol/L) exhibited a 12.5‐fold stronger inhibition than norfloxacin against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Further studies revealed that compound 22a not only possessed the ability of rapid bactericidal property and low propensity to develop resistance but also showed low cytotoxic effects toward red blood cells. The preliminary mechanism exploration indicated that compound 22a could cause membrane damage by disrupting bacterial membrane as well as depolarizing the cell membrane. Moreover, compound 22a could insert into DNA, which might hinder the replication of DNA. Molecular docking suggested that compound 22a could bind to gyrase and topoisomerase, which might be due to the suppressed expression of related genes. Meanwhile, compound 22a could disorder the metabolism and stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species to affect bacterial growth. The series of investigations suggested the promise of alkaloid quinazolone‐derived imidazolenones as novel multitargeting antibacterial candidates for treatment of bacterial infections.
Fascinating fluorescence microscopy – model experiments for a student lab unit
Authors: Sprysch Ayleen , Kröger Simone 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDie Fluoreszenzmikroskopie liefert Forschenden in den Lebenswissenschaften Grundlagen für wertvolle wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse. In den faszinierenden mikroskopischen Aufnahmen sind markierte zelluläre Strukturen in fluoreszierenden Farben vor einem dunklen Hintergrund zu sehen. Die chemischen Grundlagen der Prinzipien, nach denen Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe Zellstrukturen anfärben, bieten Anknüpfungspunkte an obligatorische Inhalte des Chemieunterrichts der Sekundarstufe II. Im Beitrag werden vier Modellexperimente vorgestellt, die im Schülerlabor oder (Projekt‐)Unterricht in der Schule eingesetzt werden können.
Cannabinoids for symptom management in children with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chhabra Manik , Ben‐Eltriki Mohamed , Paul Arun , Lê Mê‐Linh , Herbert Anthony , Oberoi Sapna , Bradford Natalie , Bowers Alison , Rassekh S. Rod , Kelly Lauren E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the widespread use of medical cannabis, little is known regarding the safety, efficacy, and dosing of cannabis products in children with cancer. The objective of this study was to systematically appraise the existing published literature for the use of cannabis products in children with cancer.MethodsThis systematic review, registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020187433), searched four databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library. Abstracts and full texts were screened in duplicate. Data on types of cannabis products, doses, formulations, frequencies, routes of administration, indications, and clinical and demographic details as well as reported efficacy outcomes were extracted. Data on cannabinoid‐related adverse events were also summarized.ResultsOut of 34,611 identified citations, 19 unique studies with a total of 1927 participants with cancer were included: eight retrospective chart reviews, seven randomized controlled trials, two open‐label studies, and two case reports. The included studies reported the use of various cannabis products for the management of symptoms. Cannabinoids were commonly used for the management of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (11 of 19 [58%]). In controlled studies, somnolence, dizziness, dry mouth, and withdrawal due to adverse events were more commonly associated with the use of cannabinoids. Across all included studies, no serious cannabis‐related adverse events were reported.ConclusionsAlthough there is evidence to support the use of cannabis for symptom management, in children with cancer, there is a lack of rigorous evidence to inform the dosing, safety, and efficacy of cannabinoids. Because of the increasing interest in using cannabis, there is an urgent need for more research on medical cannabis in children with cancer.
Substituent Dependence on the Reactions of Criegee Intermediates with Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Takahashi Kaito 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCriegee intermediates (CIs), R1R2COO, are active molecules produced in the atmosphere from the ozonolysis of alkenes. Here, we systematically evaluated the reactivity of ten CIs with carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide using CCSD(T)‐F12/cc‐pVTZ‐F12//B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d,2p) energies and transition state theory. Many previous studies focused on alkyl substitution, but here we evaluated both alkyl and vinyl substitution toward the reactivity by studying five anti‐type CIs: CH2OO, anti‐CH3CHOO, anti‐cis‐C2H5CHOO, anti‐trans‐MACRO, anti‐cis‐MACRO; and five syn‐type CIs: syn‐CH3CHOO, (CH3)2COO, syn‐trans‐C2H5CHOO, syn‐trans‐MVKO, and syn‐cis‐MVKO. Our study showed that reactions involving CO2 have a large substituent dependence varying nearly five orders of magnitude, while those involving CO have a much smaller two orders of magnitude difference. Analysis based on the strain interaction model showed that deformation of the CI is an important feature in determining the reactivity with CO2. On the other hand, we used the OO and CO bond ratios to analyze the zwitterionic character of the CIs. We found that vinyl substitution with π‐conjugation results in smaller zwitterionic character and lower reactivity with CO. Lastly, the reactivity of CIs with CO as well as CO2 were found to be not fast enough to be important in an atmospheric context.
Protocols for Efficient Chemical Synthesis of N2‐Modified Guanosine Phosphate Derivatives: Versatile Probes for mRNA Labeling
Authors: Senthilvelan Annamalai , Shanmugasundaram Muthian , Kore Anilkumar R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA facile, reliable, and efficient method for the synthesis of N2‐modified guanosine nucleotides such as N2‐[benzyl‐N‐(propyl)carbamate]‐guanosine‐5′‐O‐monophosphate, N2‐[benzyl‐N‐(propyl)carbamate]‐guanosine‐5′‐O‐diphosphate, N2‐[benzyl‐N‐(propyl)carbamate]‐guanosine‐5′‐O‐triphosphate, and N2‐[benzyl‐N‐(propyl)carbamate]‐N7‐methyl‐guanosine‐5′‐O‐diphosphate, starting from the corresponding nucleotide is described. The general process entails condensation between the exocyclic amine of guanosine nucleotide and 3‐[(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]propionaldehyde in aqueous methanol, followed by reduction using sodium cyanoborohydride to furnish the corresponding N2‐modified guanosine nucleotide in moderate yield with high purity (>99.5%). © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Synthesis of N2‐modified guanosine derivatives
Perspectives on the Drosophila melanogaster Model for Advances in Toxicological Science
Authors: Rand Matthew D. , Tennessen Jason M. , Mackay Trudy F. C. , Anholt Robert R. H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of Drosophila melanogaster for studies of toxicology has grown considerably in the last decade. The Drosophila model has long been appreciated as a versatile and powerful model for developmental biology and genetics because of its ease of handling, short life cycle, low cost of maintenance, molecular genetic accessibility, and availability of a wide range of publicly available strains and data resources. These features, together with recent unique developments in genomics and metabolomics, make the fly model especially relevant and timely for the development of new approach methodologies and movements toward precision toxicology. Here, we offer a perspective on how flies can be leveraged to identify risk factors relevant to environmental exposures and human health. First, we review and discuss fundamental toxicologic principles for experimental design with Drosophila. Next, we describe quantitative and systems genetics approaches to resolve the genetic architecture and candidate pathways controlling susceptibility to toxicants. Finally, we summarize the current state and future promise of the emerging field of Drosophila metabolomics for elaborating toxic mechanisms. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Transcriptional Profiling of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells After In Vivo Engraftment into a Heterologous Niche Environment
Authors: Lazure Felicia , Blackburn Darren M. , Soleimani Vahab D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdult stem cells play a critical role in the maintenance and repair of the organs in which they reside. However, their function is highly dependent on the crosstalk with their niche environment that changes during development and in disease states. The niche provides signals to stem cells to activate, proliferate, self‐renew, or remain in quiescence. In skeletal muscle, the niche is perturbed in disease contexts such as aging, muscular dystrophies, and cachexia. Therefore, it is important to develop methods that permit the decoupling of niche‐mediated from cell‐intrinsic changes that occur in muscle stem cells (MuSCs) in development and disease contexts. With the purpose of determining the effect of the niche environment on the MuSC transcriptome, function, or health, we have coupled an allogeneic stem cell transplantation system, meaning the transplantation of MuSCs from a donor mouse into a recipient host mouse, with Switching Mechanism at 5’ End of RNA Template (SMART‐Seq) to quantify the effects of the niche on the MuSC transcriptome in vivo. Briefly, MuSCs are isolated from a GFP reporter donor mouse (Pax7‐nGFP) and transplanted into the irradiated muscles of immunocompromised allogeneic hosts. The MuSCs are re‐isolated by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) after three weeks of inhabiting the heterologous niche, defined as a niche that is different from their originating niche, and sequencing‐ready libraries are created. This method allows for the direct comparison of the transcriptome of stem cells before and after transplantation into a host of a different age, disease status, or genetic background. This method can be used to accurately quantify the direct effect of the niche environment on the stem cell gene expression profile and to decouple cell‐intrinsic versus niche‐mediated alterations in the stem cell transcriptome. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Allogeneic muscle stem cell transplantation
Error‐rate analysis of polar code designs using genetic algorithm for additive white Gaussian noise channel
Authors: Sinha Tirthadip , Bhaumik Jaydeb 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA novel scheme for designing polar codes with specific decoding schemes in the additive white Gaussian noise channel is presented in this paper. The code construction strategy is built on the genetic algorithm (GA) where successive evolution of populations (or group of information sets) leads toward fittest candidate to attain finest error‐rates. In this work, it is shown that better error‐rates can be attained by both successive cancelation list decoding using GA with no cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and belief propagation decoding using GA with no CRC and no list, compared to existing polar decoding schemes. Our proposed polar code design scheme using GA has the ability to attain a target block error rates with the least possible SNR and using no additional CRC by exploiting least belief propagation iterations or lesser successive cancelation list list size with no self‐alterations in the decoding algorithm.
Comparing self‐harming intentions underlying eating disordered behaviors and nonsuicidal self‐injury: Replication and extension in adolescents
Authors: Kline Kiki M. , Jorgensen Saskia L. , Lawson W. Cole , Ohashi Yuri‐Grace B. , Wang Shirley B. , Fox Kathryn R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveEating disorder (ED) behaviors are often characterized as indirect forms of self‐harm. However, recent research has found less clear demarcations between direct self‐harming behaviors (e.g., nonsuicidal self‐injury [NSSI], suicidal behaviors) than previously assumed. The aim of this study was to replicate findings of this prior research on adult populations in adolescents with a history of restrictive eating.MethodA total of 117 adolescents between ages 12–14 were included in the study. Participants reported the presence and frequency of binge eating, compensatory, restrictive eating, and NSSI. Participants also reported thoughts of and intentions to hurt and kill themselves when engaging in each behavior on average. The t‐tests and linear effects models were conducted to compare self‐harming thoughts and intentions across behaviors.ResultsParticipants reported at least some intent to hurt themselves physically in the moment and in the long‐term when engaging in all ED behaviors and NSSI, and reported engaging in these behaviors while thinking about suicide. Direct self‐harming knowledge and intentions were most frequently reported with NSSI and longer‐term knowledge and intentions via NSSI and restrictive eating. Additionally, participants reported some suicidal thoughts and intentions across behaviors.DiscussionThis study replicates prior research, suggesting that adolescents engage in ED behaviors and NSSI with non‐zero self‐harming and suicidal thoughts and intentions. ED behaviors and NSSI may better be explained on a continuum. Implications include the recommendation of safety planning during ED treatment.Public Significance StatementThis study highlights the overlap between eating disorder (ED) behaviors, nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), and suicide. Though clear distinctions typically exist for motives of self‐harming behavior between ED behaviors (i.e., indirect, in the long run) and NSSI (i.e., direct, in the moment), this research suggests that intentions for self‐harming and suicide may exist on a continuum. Clinical ED treatment should consider safety planning as part of routine interventions.