bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the social ecological model to identify challenges facing Latino immigrants
Authors: Moyce Sally , Comey Danika , Anderson Jacey , Creitz Adam , Hines Deborah , Metcalf Madeline 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundNew Latino immigrant populations face challenges and barriers when arriving in new immigrant destinations.ObjectiveTo better understand the challenges faced by Latino immigrants in a new immigrant destination by using the Social Ecological Model.DesignThis study solicited the perceptions of key informants and Latino immigrant participants through qualitative data collection methods to understand how to address and decrease barriers to healthcare services and community resources.SampleResearchers conducted semi‐structured interviews with two groups of respondents: 13 key informants and 30 Latino immigrants.MeasurementsData were analyzed using thematic analysis and categorized based on the Social Ecological Model.ResultsThemes identified at the individual and interpersonal levels of the Social Ecological Model include fear of deportation and stress. Themes at the community level include cultural differences, discrimination, and a lack of exposure of the majority community to Latino immigrants. At the system level, researchers identified language barriers, the cost of healthcare, and housing. At the policy level, researchers identified legal status and occupational exploitation as challenges for this community.ConclusionUnderstanding the challenges faced by Latino immigrants requires multi‐level interventions to address barriers that prevent new immigrants from accessing community resources.
Hyperbolicity study of the modulation equations for the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation
Authors: Gavrilyuk Sergey , Lin Yu‐Hsi , Shyue Keh‐Ming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA complete study of the modulation equations for the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation is performed. In particular, the boundary between the hyperbolic and elliptic regions of the modulation equations is found. When the wave amplitude is small, this boundary is approximately defined by , where k is the wave number. This particular value corresponds to the inflection point of the linear dispersion relation for the BBM equation. Numerical results are presented showing the appearance of the Benjamin–Feir instability when the periodic solutions are inside the ellipticity region.
Congenital glaucoma in a tiger (Panthera tigris)
Authors: Dianis Allison E. , Pinard Chantale L. , Pagliarani Sara , Susta Leonardo , Dutton Christopher J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case of congenital glaucoma in atiger (Panthera tigris).Animal StudiedAn 8‐month‐old intact female tiger wasreferred for suspected glaucoma of the right eye. The right eye was buphthalmicwith moderate episcleral injection, circumferential superficial cornealneovascularization, moderate corneal edema, and a fixed dilated pupil. Tapetalreflection was absent due to a mature cataract. Rebound tonometry under generalanesthesia revealed 70 mmHg and 21 mmHg in the right and left eye, respectively.ProcedureA trans‐conjunctival enucleation was performedand the globe was submitted for histopathology.ResultsHistopathology revealed a thin sclera, amorphousmaterial contouring an imperforate and hypoplastic iridocorneal angle, ahypoplastic lens with severe anterior‐posterior compression, subcapsularepithelial hyperplasia, and Morganian globules, and segmental moderate retinalatrophy. Periodic acid‐Schiff stain highlighted segmental dilations of theDescemet's membrane. Masson trichrome stain highlighted a pre‐irido collagenmembrane.ConclusionThe tiger's age and histopathologic findingsare consistent with congenital goniodysgenesis. This is the first known reportof congenital glaucoma in a tiger.
Myths and methodologies: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for surgical risk stratification in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm; balancing risk over benefit
Authors: Bailey Damian M. , Davies Richard G. , Rose George A. , Lewis Michael H. , Aldayem Ahmed Abd , Twine Chistopher P. , Awad Wael , Jubouri Matti , Mohammed Idhrees , Mestres Carlos A. , Chen Edward P. , Coselli Joseph S. , Williams Ian M. , Bashir Mohamad ,   The International Academic Surgical Consortium (THALAMUS)
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe extent to which patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) should exercise remains unclear, given theoretical concerns over the perceived risk of blood pressure‐induced rupture, which is often catastrophic. This is especially pertinent during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, when patients are required to perform incremental exercise to symptom‐limited exhaustion for the determination of cardiorespiratory fitness. This multimodal metric is being used increasingly as a complementary diagnostic tool to inform risk stratification and subsequent management of patients undergoing AAA surgery. In this review, we bring together a multidisciplinary group of physiologists, exercise scientists, anaesthetists, radiologists and surgeons to challenge the enduring ‘myth’ that AAA patients should be fearful of and avoid rigorous exercise. On the contrary, by appraising fundamental vascular mechanobiological forces associated with exercise, in conjunction with ‘methodological’ recommendations for risk mitigation specific to this patient population, we highlight that the benefits conferred by cardiopulmonary exercise testing and exercise training across the continuum of intensity far outweigh the short‐term risks posed by potential AAA rupture.
Rising trend of childlessness in China: analysis of social and regional disparities with 2010 and 2020 census data
Authors: Jiang Quanbao , Zhang Cuiling , Zhuang Yaer , Jiang Yu , Zhang Xuying 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionIn recent decades, there has been a significant increase in childlessness. This paper analysed childlessness in China, specifically examining its socio and regional disparities.MethodsWith data from China’s 2020 population census, supplemented with data from China’s 2010 population census and 2015 inter-censual 1% population sample survey, we used a basic indicator of age-specific childlessness proportion, a decomposition method, and probability distribution models to analyse, fit and project childlessness.ResultsWe presented age-specific childlessness proportions for women as a whole and by socioeconomic features, decomposition and projection results. The childlessness proportion increased markedly from 2010 to 2020, reaching 5.16% for women aged 49. The proportion is highest for city women, followed by township women, and is lowest among village women, at 6.29%, 5.50% and 3.72 % for women aged 49, respectively. The proportion for women aged 49 with high college education or above was 7.98%, and only 4.42% for women with junior high school education. The proportion also exhibits marked provincial discrepancies, and the total fertility rate is negatively correlated with childlessness at the province level. The decomposition results distinguished the different contribution of change in educational structure and change in childlessness proportion for subgroups to the total childlessness proportion change. It is projected that city women, women with high education will have higher childlessness proportion, and the proportion will further increase with the rapid increase in education level and urbanisation.ConclusionsChildlessness has risen to a relatively high level, and varies among women with different characteristics. This should be taken into consideration in China’s countermeasures to reduce childlessness and curtail further fertility decline accordingly.
Assessment of anaesthesia workforce capacity in district and tehsil (taluka) hospitals in Sindh province of Pakistan: a survey
Authors: Khuwaja Amin , Tabassum Rafia , Soomro Ahmed , Diloo Raja , Kumar Kelash , Ahmed Jamil , Khan Fauzia 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesOur objective was to determine the current availability of human resource at secondary care hospitals in Sindh province and to identify gaps in term of appropriate number of anaesthesiologists available for delivery of safe anaesthesia care.DesignA cross-sectional survey of anaesthesia workforce.SettingAll district and taluka hospitals in the Sindh province of Pakistan.ParticipantsAdministrative anaesthesia leaders in the hospitals.Outcome measuresStandard descriptive statistics (percentages and numbers) of anaesthesia workforce in these hospitals including both full-time and part-time physician anaesthesiologists, and non-specialist physicians providing anaesthesia services as well as technician support.ResultsOnly 54 (75%) hospitals had a full-time anaesthesia physician, and 32 of these had only one. Two hundred and one operating rooms were present in 72 (80%) hospitals with an average of three operating rooms/hospital.ConclusionsThis study has identified a deficit of anaesthesiology personnel in district-level and tehsil-level hospitals of Sindh province of Pakistan.
Anticipatory prescribing in community end-of-life care: systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence since 2017
Authors: Bowers Ben , Antunes Bárbara Costa Pereira , Etkind Simon , Hopkins Sarah A , Winterburn Isaac , Kuhn Isla , Pollock Kristian , Barclay Stephen 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe anticipatory prescribing of injectable medications is recommended practice in controlling distressing symptoms in the last days of life. A 2017 systematic review found practice and guidance was based on inadequate evidence. Since then, there has been considerable additional research, warranting a new review.AimTo review the evidence published since 2017 concerning anticipatory prescribing of injectable medications for adults at the end-of-life in the community, to inform practice and guidance.DesignSystematic review and narrative synthesis.MethodsNine literature databases were searched from May 2017 to March 2022, alongside reference, citation and journal hand-searches. Gough’s Weight of Evidence framework was used to appraise included studies.ResultsTwenty-eight papers were included in the synthesis. Evidence published since 2017 shows that standardised prescribing of four medications for anticipated symptoms is commonplace in the UK; evidence of practices in other countries is limited. There is limited data on how often medications are administered in the community. Prescriptions are ‘accepted’ by family caregivers despite inadequate explanations and they generally appreciate having access to medications. Robust evidence of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of anticipatory prescribing remains absent.ConclusionThe evidence underpinning anticipatory prescribing practice and policy remains based primarily on healthcare professionals’ perceptions that the intervention is reassuring, provides effective, timely symptom relief in the community and prevents crisis hospital admissions. There is still inadequate evidence regarding optimal medications and dose ranges, and the effectiveness of these prescriptions. Patient and family caregiver experiences of anticipatory prescriptions warrant urgent investigation.PROSPERO registrationCRD42016052108
Is the public ready for a tobacco-free Ireland? A national survey of public knowledge and attitudes to tobacco endgame in Ireland
Authors: Cosgrave Ellen Juliet , Blake Martina , Murphy Edward , Sheridan Aishling , Doyle Frank , Kavanagh Paul 
Published: May 2023

Aim
Ireland will not meet the tobacco endgame goal set in its 2013 Tobacco-Free Ireland (TFI) policy of reducing smoking prevalence to less than 5% by 2025. Public opinion on tobacco endgame, a key lever to realise this goal, is uncharted in Ireland. This study aimed to measure public knowledge and attitudes to tobacco endgame.

Methods
A telephone-administered cross-sectional survey of 1000 randomly dialled members of the general public was conducted in 2022. Prevalence of awareness, perceived achievability and support for the TFI goal and tobacco endgame measures was calculated and compared across tobacco product use status. Logistic regression identified factors independently associated with goal support.

Findings
Although TFI goal awareness was low (34.0%), support was high (74.6%), although most (60.2%) believed it achievable beyond 2025. Product-focused measures were popular while support for supply-focused measures was mixed: for example, 86.1% supported nicotine content reduction while 40.3% supported user licencing. Phasing out tobacco sales was highly supported (82.8%); for most, this was contingent on support for currently addicted users. TFI goal support was independently associated with female sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.47, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.07), higher education (aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.66) and non-tobacco product use (aOR 2.67, 95% CI 1.66 to 4.30).

Conclusions
Despite low awareness, tobacco endgame support is strong in Ireland. Public appetite for radically reducing tobacco product appeal and availability combined with public views on endgame achievability subject to extended timelines should be used to re-invigorate tobacco endgame discussion and planning in countries at risk of failing to meet declared targets.
A new avenue in the search for CP violation: Mössbauer spectroscopy of $$^{227}$$Ac
Authors: Scheck Marcus , Chapman Robert , Dobaczewski Jacek , Ederer Claude , Ivanov Peter , Lorusso Guiseppe , O’Donnell David , Schröder Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis work proposes a new avenue in the search for CP-violating odd-electric and even-magnetic nuclear moments. A promising candidate to find such moments in the ground state is the quadrupole-deformed and octupole-correlated nucleus 227-actinium. In this nucleus, the 27.4-keV E1 transition that connects the $$3/2^+$$

3
/

2
+

parity-doublet partner and the $$3/2^-$$

3
/

2
-

ground state is perfectly suited to apply the sensitive technique of recoil-free selfabsorption, commonly known as Mössbauer spectroscopy. In this experimental approach, the lifetime of the $$3/2^+$$

3
/

2
+

upper parity-doublet partner allows an estimate of the lower limit of $$\Delta E = 2\cdot \Gamma _{\gamma }$$

Δ
E
=
2
·

Γ
γ

= $$23.7(1) \times 10^{-9}$$

23.7

(
1
)

×

10

-
9

eV for the achievable energy resolution to be made. This resolution must be exceeded by the interaction of a CP-violating moment and the corresponding multipole moment of the field distribution in the lattice. This work presents the first ideas for patterns caused by CP-violating moments on the expected quadrupole splitting and nuclear Zeeman effect.
Advances in nuclear structure via charged particle reactions with AGATA
Authors: Mengoni D. , Beaumel D. , Catford W. N. , Assié M. , Brugnara D. , Galtarossa F. , Gottardo A. , Zanon I. , Zielińska M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray spectroscopy has undergone a major technological leap forward, namely the technique of $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray tracking, and has attained a sensitivity that is two orders of magnitude larger than that provided by the former generation of Compton-shielded arrays. Indeed the gain is comparable with the achievements since the dawn of $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray spectroscopy. Such sensitivity can be further heightened by coupling $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray spectrometers to other detectors that record complementary reaction products such as light-charged particles for transfer reactions and scattered ions for Coulomb excitation measurements. Nucleon transfer reactions offer an excellent mean to probe the energies of shell model single-particle orbitals and to study migration in energy of these orbitals as we venture away from stability. Such measurements can also estimate the cross sections of processes relevant to stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis. The measurement of $$\gamma $$
γ
rays in coincidence with particles provides also information on the decay channel for unbound systems, which constitutes a useful input for astrophysics and nuclear structure near the drip-lines. Coulomb-excitation studies make it possible to infer collective structure in nuclei and to extract deformation properties of, in particular, open-shell systems. Here, selected examples will be presented, highlighting the power of these types of experiments when $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray observation is included. The development of the experimental methods is reviewed, showing the results achieved before the advent of $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray tracking. Examples of more recent experiments that have successfully exploited $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray tracking with AGATA are then presented as showcases for the outstanding performance of the composite detection systems. The outlook for experiments using newly developed devices such as GRIT and other detectors such as SPIDER is described.
Reconstructing the arrival direction of neutrinos in deep in-ice radio detectors
Authors: Plaisier Ilse , Bouma Sjoerd , Nelles Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn-ice radio detectors are a promising tool for the discovery of EeV neutrinos. For astrophysics, the implications of such a discovery will rely on the reconstruction of the neutrino arrival direction. This paper describes a first complete neutrino arrival direction reconstruction for detectors employing deep antennas such as RNO-G or planning to employ them like IceCube-Gen2. We will didactically introduce the challenges of neutrino direction reconstruction using radio emission in ice, elaborate on the detail of the algorithm used, and describe the obtainable performance based on a simulation study and discuss its implication for astrophysics.
Impact of Preoperative Quantitative Flow Ratio of the Left Anterior Descending Artery on Internal Mammary Artery Graft Patency and Midterm Patient Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Wang Chunyuan , Hu Zhan , Hou Zhihui , Wang Yang , Song Lei , Xu Bo , Guan Changdong , Ning Yu , Feng Wei , Zhang Yan 
Published: May 2023

Background
In coronary artery bypass grafting, grafting a target vessel with nonsignificant stenosis increases the risk of graft failure. The present study aims to investigate the impact of preoperative quantitative flow ratio (QFR), a novel functional assessment of the coronary artery, on internal mammary artery graft failure rate and midterm patient outcomes.

Methods and Results

Between January 2016 and January 2020, we retrospectively included 419 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting who had received preoperative angiography and postoperative coronary computed tomographic angiography in our center. QFR of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery was computed based on preoperative angiograms. The primary end point was the failure of the graft on the LAD artery assessed by coronary computed tomographic angiography at 1 year, and the secondary end point was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events including death from any cause, myocardial infarction, stroke, or repeat revascularization. Grafts on functionally nonsignificant LAD arteries (QFR >0.80) had a significantly higher failure rate than those on functionally significant LAD arteries (31.4% versus 7.2%,
P
<0.001). QFR outperforms degree of stenosis in discriminating graft failure (C statistic, 0.76 versus 0.58). Clinical follow‐up (3.6 years, interquartile range [3.3–4.1]) was accomplished in 405 patients, and the rate of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events was significantly higher among patients with functionally nonsignificant LAD arteries (10.1% versus 4.2%; adjusted hazard ratio, 3.08 [95% CI, 1.18–8.06];
P
=0.022).

Conclusions
In patients receiving internal mammary artery to LAD artery coronary artery bypass grafting, preoperative QFR of the LAD artery of >0.80 was associated with a higher graft failure rate at 1 year and worse patient outcomes at the 3.6‐year follow‐up.
Association of Cardiovascular Health Assessed by the New Life's Essential 8 Metrics With Years Lived Without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Xia Xue , Chen Shuohua , Tian Xue , Xu Qin , Zhang Yijun , Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Penglian , Wu Shouling , Lin Liming , Wang Anxin 
Published: May 2023

Background
The American Heart Association recently proposed an updated definition of cardiovascular health (CVH) named as Life's Essential 8. We aimed to explore the association between this latest published CVH measurement and years lived without cardiovascular disease (CVD) among the Chinese population.

Methods and Results
We included 89 755 adults free of CVD at baseline from the Kailuan study. The CVH of each participant was scored (from 0 point to 100 points) and classified (low [0–49 points], moderate [50–79 points], and high [80–100 points]) according to Life's Essential 8, which incorporated 8 components covering health behaviors and health factors. Incident CVD was documented through follow‐ups from baseline (June 2006 to October 2007) until December 31, 2020. CVD‐free life years from age 30 to 80 years associated with different CVH scores were estimated using flexible parametric survival models. A total of 9977 incident CVDs were recorded. We observed a gradient relationship between CVH score and years lived without CVD. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted CVD‐free life years (95% CI) were 40.7 (40.3–41.0) years for low CVH, 43.3 (43.0–43.5) years for moderate CVH, and 45.5 (45.1–45.9) years for high CVH. Similar trends were noted when individual subtypes of CVD were investigated, and high CVH evaluated by health behaviors and health factors was also related to longer CVD‐free life years.

Conclusions
A higher CVH evaluated by the updated Life's Essential 8 metrics was significantly associated with a greater number of life years without CVD, indicating the importance of promoting CVH for healthy aging in China.
Inequities in Treatments and Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in the United States
Authors: Johnson Daniel Y. , Waken R. J. , Fox Daniel K. , Hammond Gmerice , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Cresci Sharon 
Published: May 2023

Background
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heritable cardiac disease. In small studies, sociodemographic factors have been associated with disparities in septal reduction therapy, but little is known about the association of sociodemographic factors with HCM treatments and outcomes more broadly.

Methods and Results

Using the National Inpatient Survey from 2012 to 2018, HCM diagnoses and procedures were identified by
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth/Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification
(
ICD‐9‐CM
and
ICD‐10‐CM
) codes. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of sociodemographic risk factors with HCM procedures and in‐hospital death, adjusting for clinical comorbidities and hospital characteristics. Of 53 117 patients hospitalized with HCM, 57.7% were women, 20.5% were Black individuals, 27.7% lived in the lowest zip income quartile, and 14.7% lived in rural areas. Among those with obstruction (45.2%), compared with White patients, Black patients were less likely to undergo septal myectomy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.52 [95% CI, 0.40–0.68]), or alcohol septal ablation (aOR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.42–0.86]). Patients with Medicaid were less likely to undergo each procedure (aOR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61–0.99] for myectomy; aOR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.36–0.83] for ablation). Women (aOR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.58–0.74]), patients with Medicaid (aOR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.65–0.93]), and patients from low‐income areas (aOR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.65–0.93]) were less likely to receive implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators. Women (aOR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.10–1.37]) and patients from towns (aOR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.03–1.31]) or rural areas (aOR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.30–1.89]) had higher odds of in‐hospital death.

Conclusions
Among 53 117 patients hospitalized with HCM, race, sex, social, and geographic risk factors were associated with disparities in HCM outcomes and treatment. Further research is required to identify and address the sources of these inequities.