bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro modeling of isoniazid resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
Authors: Dokrungkoon Thanadon , Tulyaprawat Orawan , Suwannakarn Kamol , Ngamskulrungroj Popchai 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionMycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis, has been a global threat to human beings for several decades. Treating tuberculosis has become more difficult as the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis has increased globally. Evidence suggests that the comprehensive landscape of resistance mechanisms in MTB is ambiguous. More importantly, little is known regarding the series of events connected to resistance mechanisms in MTB before exposure to anti-TB drugs, during exposure to the drugs, and finally, when the MTB becomes resistant after exposure, upon analyses of its genome.MethodsWe used the wild-type strain of MTB (H37Rv) in an in vitro model for generating induced resistance using a sub-inhibitory concentration of isoniazid, and the generated resistance-associated variants (RAVs) were identified using the whole genome sequencing method.ResultsThe detection of an inhA promoter mutation (fabG1−15C&gt;T), which results in increased production of InhA protein, was found to be a major mechanism for developing resistance to isoniazid in the first place. We observed adaptation of MTB resistance mechanisms in high isoniazid stress by alteration and abolishment of KatG due to the detection of katG S315N, the common region of mutation that confers isoniazid resistance, along with katG K414N, katG N138S, and katG A162E. Furthermore, we detected the ahpC−72C&gt;T and ahpC 21C&gt;A mutations, but further investigation is needed to determine their role in compensating for the loss of KatG activity.DiscussionThis suggests that increased InhA production is the main mechanism where there are low levels of isoniazid, whereas the alteration of KatG was found to be utilized in mycobacterium with a high concentration of isoniazid. Our work demonstrates that this in vitro approach of generating induced resistance could provide clinically relevant information after the fabG1−15C&gt;T mutation, which is the common mutation found in clinical isolates. Moreover, other mutations detected in this work can also be found in clinical isolates. These findings may shed light on the impact of isoniazid in generating RAV and the resistance mechanism scenario that mycobacterium used under various isoniazid-pressuring conditions. More research is needed to understand better the role of RAV and mechanical resistance events within the mycobacterium genome in promoting a promising drug prediction platform that could lead to the right treatment for patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB.
Effect of a probiotic formula on gastrointestinal health, immune responses and metabolic health in adults with functional constipation or functional diarrhea
Authors: Zheng Yanyi , Xu Leiming , Zhang Silu , Liu Yanwen , Ni Jiayi , Xiao Guoxun 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveOur aim was to determine the efficacy of four-week probiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal health. The secondary objectives were to assess probiotic effects on immune reaction, as well as weight control and metabolic health.MethodsWe conducted two randomized sub-trials, respectively, among subjects who were diagnosed with functional constipation (FC) or functional diarrhea (FDr) according to the Rome IV criteria. In each sub-trial, 70 eligible Chinese adults were randomized to receive a multi-strain probiotic combination or a placebo. Gastrointestinal symptoms, defecation habits, stool characteristics, blood and fecal biochemistry markers, anthropometrics measures, stress-associated responses, and intestinal flora changes were assessed at baseline and after probiotics intervention.ResultsFour weeks of probiotic supplementation reduced overall gastrointestinal symptoms scores in FC participants (p &lt; 0.0001). Their mean weekly stool frequency increased from 3.3 times to 6.2 times; immune response and inflammation markers improved with increases in serum IgA, IFN-γ and fecal sIgA, and decrease in hsCRP; most components of lipid profile were significantly ameliorated, with increases in HDL-C and reductions in TC and TG; body weight, body mass index and basal metabolic rate decreased following probiotics consumption. For FDr participants, probiotics consumption markedly reduced overall gastrointestinal symptom scores (p &lt; 0.0001); decreased stool frequency by 3 times per week; increased IgA, IFN-γ, sIgA concentrations, while lowered hsCRP and IL-4 levels. Both FC and FDr participants had improvement in the scores of defecation habits, anxiety or depression, and perceived stress. Probiotics supplementation promoted the production of all three major short-chain fatty acids. No changes were observed in LDL-C, IgG, IgM, IL-8, IL-10 and motilin.ConclusionSupplementation with the probiotic formula over a four-week period could help relieving gastrointestinal symptoms, improving satisfaction with defecation habits, emotional state and immune response, and ameliorating dysbacteriosis in participants with FC or FDr. It also had beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and weight control for FC participants.
Effects of isolation and confinement on gastrointestinal microbiota–a systematic review
Authors: Klos Bea , Steinbach Christina , Ketel Jasmin , Lambert Claude , Penders John , Doré Joël , Enck Paul , Mack Isabelle 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem whose composition and function are influenced by many internal and external factors. Overall, the individual GI microbiota composition appears to be rather stable but can be influenced by extreme shifts in environmental exposures. To date, there is no systematic literature review that examines the effects of extreme environmental conditions, such as strict isolation and confinement, on the GI microbiota.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to examine the effects of isolated and confined environments on the human GI microbiota. The literature search was conducted according to PRISMA criteria using PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Relevant studies were identified based on exposure to isolated and confined environments, generally being also antigen-limited, for a minimum of 28 days and classified according to the microbiota analysis method (cultivation- or molecular based approaches) and the isolation habitat (space, space- or microgravity simulation such as MARS-500 or natural isolation such as Antarctica). Microbial shifts in abundance, alpha diversity and community structure in response to isolation were assessed.ResultsRegardless of the study habitat, inconsistent shifts in abundance of 40 different genera, mainly in the phylum Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) were reported. Overall, the heterogeneity of studies was high. Reducing heterogeneity was neither possible by differentiating the microbiota analysis methods nor by subgrouping according to the isolation habitat. Alpha diversity evolved non-specifically, whereas the microbial community structure remained dissimilar despite partial convergence. The GI ecosystem returned to baseline levels following exposure, showing resilience irrespective of the experiment length.ConclusionAn isolated and confined environment has a considerable impact on the GI microbiota composition in terms of diversity and relative abundances of dominant taxa. However, due to a limited number of studies with rather small sample sizes, it is important to approach an in-depth conclusion with caution, and results should be considered as a preliminary trend. The risk of dysbiosis and associated diseases should be considered when planning future projects in extreme environments.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022357589.
Passive and social screen time in children with autism and in association with obesity
Authors: Must Aviva , Eliasziw Misha , Stanish Heidi , Curtin Carol , Bandini Linda G. , Bowling April 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundScreen time has been identified as a risk factor for childhood obesity, but the media landscape has evolved rapidly. Children with autism tend to be heavy users of screens and have an elevated prevalence of obesity. We know little about screen use patterns among children with autism vs. typically developing (TD) peers and in association with obesity.MethodsBaseline data from 10,842 participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognition Development Study was used to characterize time spent with child-reported passive screen use (television/movies/watching videos), playing video games, and using social media. Duration of screen time by autism status and gender was summarized as mean time per day; obesity was defined using CDC/WHO criteria. A propensity score analysis was used to create a matched dataset for analysis.ResultsOverall, 1.7% of children were was identified as having autism. Significant mean differences were observed by autism status and gender for both passive viewing and playing video games. Compared to TD children, boys with autism spent more time (2.9 vs. 2.3 h, p &lt; 0.001) watching TV, movies or videos, as did girls (3.0 vs. 2.0 h, p = 0.002). Compared to TD peers, boys with autism reported more video game time (102.7 vs. 77.5 min, p = 0.001), as did girls with autism (64.4 vs. 37.9 min, p = 0.03); girls with autism also spent more time on social media sites or video chat (45.5 vs. 21.9 min, p = 0.04). Overall, obesity prevalence increased with increasing screen time duration, significantly for passive screen time (p-value = 0.002) and texting (p-value = 0.02). Associations between obesity and screen time duration did not differ by autism status.DiscussionChildren with autism spend more time playing video games and on passive and social screen activities than their TD peers, with some variations by gender. High rates of social media use among girls with autism and multiplayer video game use among both boys and girls with autism may challenge the notion that the high levels of screen time reflect social isolation in the group. Given potential positive aspects of screen time in children with autism movement to focus on content and context is appropriate.
Optimizing the enzymatic release of MMAE from isoDGR-based small molecule drug conjugate by incorporation of a GPLG-PABC enzymatically cleavable linker
Authors: Zambra Marco , Ranđelović Ivan , Talarico Francesco , Borbély Adina , Svajda Laura , Tóvári József , Mező Gábor , Bodero Lizeth , Colombo Sveva , Arrigoni Federico , Fasola Elettra , Gazzola Silvia , Piarulli Umberto 
Published: July 2023

Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) and Small Molecule-Drug Conjugates (SMDCs) represent successful examples of targeted drug-delivery technologies for overcoming unwanted side effects of conventional chemotherapy in cancer treatment. In both strategies, a cytotoxic payload is connected to the tumor homing moiety through a linker that releases the drug inside or in proximity of the tumor cell, and that represents a key component for the final therapeutic effect of the conjugate. Here, we show that the replacement of the Val-Ala-p-aminobenzyloxycarbamate linker with the Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-p-aminobenzyloxycarbamate (GPLG-PABC) sequence as enzymatically cleavable linker in the SMDC bearing the cyclo[DKP-isoDGR] αVβ3 integrin ligand as tumor homing moiety and the monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as cytotoxic payload led to a 4-fold more potent anti-tumoral effect of the final conjugate on different cancer cell lines. In addition, the synthesized conjugate resulted to be significantly more potent than the free MMAE when tested following the “kiss-and-run” protocol, and the relative potency were clearly consistent with the expression of the αVβ3 integrin receptor in the considered cancer cell lines. In vitro enzymatic cleavage tests showed that the GPLG-PABC linker is cleaved by lysosomal enzymes, and that the released drug is observable already after 15 min of incubation. Although additional data are needed to fully characterize the releasing capacity of GPLG-PABC linker, our findings are of therapeutic significance since we are introducing an alternative to other well-established enzymatically sensitive peptide sequences that might be used in the future for generating more efficient and less toxic drug delivery systems.
Influencing factors of quality of life among front-line nurses who collected nucleic acid samples during COVID-19: a path analysis
Authors: Yan Jiaran , Wu Chao , Liu Yu , Zhang Hongli , He Chunyan , Lin Yawei , Li Yang , Zhang Yuhai , Li Yinglan , Lang Hongjuan 
Published: July 2023

AimThe aim of this study is to investigate the quality of life of nurses who collected nucleic acid samples throughout the COVID-19 epidemic's routine management, as well as the factors that may have influenced it.BackgroundAfter the outbreak of COVID-19, normalized epidemic prevention and control throughout China were implemented. Nucleic acid testing has become an effective measure for the early detection of virus-infected individuals. Nurses collecting nucleic acid samples undertake important tasks. Their quality of life is significant to maintaining team stability and containing the epidemic. However, research on their quality of life is still limited.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1,292 nurses who collected nucleic acid samples from five tertiary general hospitals in Xi'an through self-reported electronic questionnaires (including general demographic information, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale). Descriptive, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression were performed using SPSS 26.0. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the influencing factors.ResultsThe nurses collecting nucleic acid samples had a modest level of quality of life. Age, marital status, average daily sleep duration, frequency of exercise, psychological resilience, and social support were all influencing factors of quality of life, according to multiple linear regression analysis. Quality of life was found to be significantly related to psychological resilience and social support.ConclusionDemographic characteristics, psychological resilience, and social support are the factors affecting the quality of life of nurses who collect nucleic acid samples. Nursing managers should focus more on these factors to improve the quality of life for nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing managers should realize the importance of the quality of life of nurses who collect nucleic acid samples in maintaining a vigorous nursing team and ensuring optimized epidemic control. Social support should also be provided to nurses to improve their psychological resilience, thereby improving their quality of life.
Longitudinal relationships between school assets, traditional bullying, and internet gaming disorder: the role of self-control and intentional self-regulation among Chinese adolescents
Authors: Qin Ke-Nan , Gan Xiong 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionAlthough developmental assets have been proven to be enabling factors for both adolescent traditional bullying and internet gaming disorder (IGD), there is a lack of empirical evidence that has investigated the direct relationship between school assets and both of these problematic behaviors concurrently. Based on the positive youth development (PYD) perspective, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between school assets, intentional self-regulation (ISR), self-control, traditional bullying, and IGD among Chinese adolescents.MethodsA total of 742 middle school students (Mage = 13.88 years, SD = 1.99 years) were followed up to measure school assets, ISR, self-control, traditional bullying, and IGD in two waves that were separated by 5 months.ResultsStructural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that T1 school assets negatively predicted T2 traditional bullying and T2 IGD. T1 self-control significantly mediated the relationships between T1 school assets and T2 traditional bullying, as well as between T1 school assets and T2 IGD. Additionally, T1 ISR strengthened the positive effect of T1 school assets on T1 self-control and further moderated the two mediating paths.DiscussionThese findings show that plentiful school assets support the development of self-control and are more successful in reducing traditional bullying and IGD, particularly among students with higher ISR. As a result, schools should take measures to provide superior-quality assets for the positive development of youth, which will help to prevent and relieve traditional bullying and IGD in the school context.
Leaching Kinetics of Hemimorphite with 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid
Authors: Li Yaohong , Wen Shuming , Cao Jing , Wu Dandan , Wang Yijie 
Published: July 2023

The kinetics of leaching zinc from hemimorphite was investigated. The factors that influence hemimorphite leaching were also evaluated, and a kinetic model was built. In addition, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to investigate the changes of surface morphology before and after leaching. By decreasing particle size and increasing temperature, 5-sulfosalicylic acid concentration, and stirring speed, the leaching rate of hemimorphite can be enhanced. The shrinkage nucleus model describes the surface chemistry of leaching. The activation energy of hemimorphite by 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the leaching process was determined as 55.244 kJ/mol. The reaction rate based on the shrinkage nucleus model can be expressed by the semi-empirical formula:1−1−x1/3 =[k0C0.3385(r0)−0.6083(SS)0.4992exp(−55.244/RT)]t. At the condition of 50 °C of leaching temperature, 0.175 mol/L of 5-sulfosalicylic acid concentration, 82.5 μm of particle size and 650 rpm of stirring speed, the high leaching rates of zinc were obtained. After the reaction time of 15 min, the leaching rate of zinc reached more than 95%. According to the SEM-EDS results, the hemimorphite and leaching residue are distributed in blocks, but the particle size of the leaching residue is smaller, and the atomic concentrations of Zn and Si in the leaching residue are significantly lower than those in the hemimorphite, so the leaching effect is remarkable. Therefore, 5-sulfosalicylic acid solution would be an excellent leaching agent for zinc extraction from hemimorphite.
Discovery of a Digenean (Cryptogonimidae) Living in a Cleft-Lipped Goby, Sicyopterus cynocephalus (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Ranongga Island, Solomon Islands: Analysis of Multiple Ribosomal DNA Regions
Authors: Mathews Patrick D. , Rabet Nicolas , L. Espinoza Luis , Haÿ Vincent , Bonillo Céline , Keith Philippe , Lord Clara , Audebert Fabienne 
Published: July 2023

This study results from a continued investigation of the occurrence and diversity of parasites of freshwater fish in the Solomon Islands. Thus, we revealed a new host as well as a new site of infection and a new geographical area for the cryptogonimid parasite, Stemmatostoma cribbi (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae). The cryptogonimid species was identified based on general morphology and on molecular data of metacercariae found in the gills of the cleft-lipped goby, Sicyopterus cynocephalus, from Ranongga Island, Western Province of the Solomon Islands. This is the first report of a Stemmatostoma sp. digenean parasitizing fish of the genus Sicyopterus in the Indo-Pacific region and the first report of S. cribbi infection in a fish from the Solomon Islands. Phylogenetic analysis performed by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood confirmed the presence of the cryptogonimid in a well-supported subclade of Stemmatostoma spp.
DESAIN SISTEM PEMADAM KEBAKARAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WATER SPRAY DAN FOAM SEBAGAI INSTALASI PERLINDUNGAN KEBAKARAN PADA TANGKI TK-7201, TK-7202, DAN TK-7203 PADA PLANT INDUSTRI GRESIK
Authors: Wardani Dianita - 
Published: July 2023

Tangki TK-7201, TK-7202, dan TK-7203 berisikan Faaty Alkohol pada plant industri Gresik diketahui belum memiliki alat proteksi terhadap kebakaran serta pada tangki memiliki beberapa resiko tinggi seperti kebocoran atau faktor external yang memungkinkan terjadinya kebakaran. Sehingga dibuthkan media foam untuk pemadaman kebakaran pada permukaan fluida dalam tangki sesuai standar NFPA 11 (Standard for Low Medium and High Expansion Foam) dan didukung dengan media air untuk water spray system sesuai standar NFPA 15 (Standard for water spray system) yang berguna untuk pendinginan serta pencegahan dari kerusakan akibat kebakaran pada tangki lainnya dan diharapkan tidak ikut terbakar. Modeling dimensi nozzle water spray atau sprinkler mengunakan ANSYS dipilih nozzle water spray dengan luaran 9 mm untuk sistem proteksi. Pada desain sistem perpipaan foam mengunakan diameter pipa utama 6 inch dan 4 inch untuk pipa cabang. Pada desain instalasi water spray mengunakan mengunakan pipa ukuran 10 inch untuk pipa utama, ukuran 6 inch untuk pipa cabang, dan ukuran 3 inch untuk pipa pembagi. Instalasi ini menggunakan 39 water nozzle / sprinkler dengan jarak antar nozzle adalah 2 meter. Total headloss pada instalasi water spray didapatkan nilai sebesar 60,18m. Total headloss pada instalasi foam didapatkan nilai sebesar 55,85 m. Pada instalasi sprinkler didapatkan daya pompa hasil perhitungan sebesar 110,97 kW. Pada instalasi foam didapatkan daya pompa hasil perhitungan sebesar 6,27 kW. Pompa yang digunakan pada desain yaitu Ebara 65 x 50 FSJA untuk sistem pemadam foam dan Ebara 250 x 200 FS4NA untuk sistem water spray.

Kata kunci: Desain, Fire Fighting Foam, Headloss, NFPA, Water Spray System
Actitudes transdisciplinarias en la práctica docente: el caso de una universidad de la República Mexicana
Authors: Fernández-de-Castro Javier , Galbán-Lozano Sara Elvira , García-Béjar Ligia 
Published: July 2023

La transdisciplinariedad es la interrelación simultánea entre disciplinas científicas con la finalidad de comprender el mundo presente y desde una visión de unidad del conocimiento. Surge por la necesidad de solucionar problemas complejos y contrapone la segregación del saber provocada por la formación disciplinar. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar actitudes transdisciplinarias en la práctica docente universitaria en una institución de educación superior de la República Mexicana. Para ello se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, de tipo transversal, con alcance exploratorio y descriptivo, en el que participaron 422 docentes de los tres campus de dicha institución, a quienes se les administró un instrumento para medir actitudes transdisciplinarias. El análisis de los datos reveló que en el equipo docente predominan las actitudes relativas a apertura epistemológica, diálogo, aprendizaje permanente y respeto, siendo las más incipientes las de reflexión, organización y pensamiento complejo. Se observó un desarrolló significativamente mayor en mujeres respecto a actitudes relativas a organización y diálogo, así como mayor rigor intelectual en docentes que trabajan en pregrado y posgrado, que aquéllos que sólo lo hacen en uno de los niveles. Estos resultados son insumos para la generación de estrategias de atracción y formación docente que favorezcan la calidad educativa.