bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Muslim Intellectuals on Islam–Democracy Compatibility
Authors: Ahmad Parray Tauseef 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter deliberates on Islam and democracy reconciliation by providing an assessment of the views of some prominent pioneering Muslim modernists of the Arab world, of the nineteenth and some twentieth centuries, on this discourse. Providing a valuable contribution and some important insights to this hotly debated discourse, the prominent Arab thinkers included in this chapter are: Rifa‘a al-Tahtawi (d. 1873), Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (d. 1897), Muhammad ‘Abduh (d. 1905), and some later twentieth-century thinkers like Rashid Rida (d. 1935), and Malek Bennabi (d. 1973). They offer a broad spectrum of perspectives on Islam-democracy discourse by focusing mainly on the concepts of Shura and Maslaha.
Twenty-First Century Muslim Thinkers on Islam–Democracy Compatibility—I
Authors: Ahmad Parray Tauseef 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Elaborating further Islam–democracy discourse, this chapter deliberates on the relationship between Islam, democracy, and democratization in the light of the views and observations of some of the globally reputed twenty-first-century intellectuals and thinkers (including academicians, religious and political leaders/activists, and analysts). Some of these selected figures include Mohamed Fathi Osman (d. 2010), Dr Israr Ahmed (d. 2010), Asghar Ali Engineer (d. 2013), Mawlana Wahiduddin Khan (d. 2021), Sadek J. Sulaiman (d. 2021), Yusuf al-Qaradawi (b. 1926), Professor Khurshid Ahmad (b. 1932), Muhammad Khalid Masud (b. 1939), Rachid al-Ghannoushi (b. 1941), Abdulaziz Sachedina (b. 1942), and Abdolkarim Soroush (b. 1945).
Democracy and Its Muslim Critics
Authors: Ahmad Parray Tauseef 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter highlights the views and perceptions of some ‘hard-core’/‘radical’ Islamists (scholars/leaders and organizations) who oppose Islam–democracy compatibility, i.e., supporters of ‘incompatibility pole’ (‘Rejectionists’ or ‘Opponents’). It brings forth, and contextualizes within the broader perspective of Islam–democracy discourse, the views and approaches of radical Islamists like Sayyid Qutb (d. 1966); Taqiuddin al-Nabhani (d. 1977) and Abd al-Qadim Zallum (d. 2003)—both associated with Hizb al-Tahrir; and of the academics like Abdul Rashid Moten (Malaysia) and Canada-based Abid Ullah Jan. This is followed by a succinct overview, with a specific focus on the insights of Asef Bayat, Nader Hashemi, Amr Sabet, Graham E. Fuller, Irfan Ahmad, etc., on ‘Islam and Democracy: What is the Real Question?’
CALEOSIN 1 interaction with AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN 8 facilitates lipid droplet microautophagy in seedlings
Authors: Miklaszewska Magdalena , Zienkiewicz Krzysztof , Klugier-Borowska Ewa , Rygielski Marcin , Feussner Ivo , Zienkiewicz Agnieszka 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) of seed tissues are storage organelles for triacylglycerols (TAGs) that provide the energy and carbon for seedling establishment. In the major route of LD degradation (lipolysis), TAGs are mobilized by lipases. However, LDs may also be degraded via lipophagy, a type of selective autophagy, which mediates LD delivery to vacuoles or lysosomes. The exact mechanisms of LD degradation and the mobilization of their content in plants remain unresolved. Here, we provide evidence that LDs are degraded via a process morphologically resembling microlipophagy in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. We observed the entry and presence of LDs in the central vacuole as well as their breakdown. Moreover, we show co-localization of AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN 8b (ATG8b) and LDs during seed germination and localization of lipidated ATG8 (ATG8–PE) to the LD fraction. We further demonstrate that structural LD proteins from the caleosin family, CALEOSIN 1 (CLO1), CALEOSIN 2 (CLO2), and CALEOSIN 3 (CLO3), interact with ATG8 proteins and possess putative ATG8-interacting motifs (AIMs). Deletion of the AIM localized directly before the proline knot disrupts the interaction of CLO1 with ATG8b, suggesting a possible role of this region in the interaction between these proteins. Collectively, we provide insights into LD degradation by microlipophagy in germinating seeds with a particular focus on the role of structural LD proteins in this process.
The Antioxidant TEMPOL Protects Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells From Culture-Mediated Loss of Functions
Authors: Henry Elia , Picou Frédéric , Barroca Vilma , Dechamps Nathalie , Sobrino Steicy , Six Emmanuelle , Gobeaux Camille , Auberger Patrick , Hérault Olivier , Pflumio Françoise , Arcangeli Marie-Laure 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In a steady state, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) exhibit very low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon stress, HSC get activated and enter into proliferation and differentiation process to ensure blood cell regeneration. Once activated, their levels of ROS increase, as messengers to mediate their proliferation and differentiation programs. However, at the end of the stress episode, ROS levels need to return to normal to avoid HSC exhaustion. It was shown that antioxidants can prevent loss of HSC self-renewal potential in several contexts such as aging or after exposure to low doses of irradiation suggesting that antioxidants can be used to maintain HSC functional properties upon culture-induced stress. Indeed, in humans, HSC are increasingly used for cell and gene therapy approaches, requiring them to be cultured for several days. As expected, we show that a short culture period leads to drastic defects in HSC functional properties. Moreover, a switch of HSC transcriptional program from stemness to differentiation was evidenced in cultured HSC. Interestingly, cultured-HSC treated with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (4-hydroxy-TEMPO or Tempol) exhibited a higher clonogenic potential in secondary colony forming unit cell (CFU-C) assay and higher reconstitution potential in xenograft model, compared to untreated cultured-HSC. By transcriptomic analyses combined with serial CFU-C assays, we show that Tempol, which mimics superoxide dismutase, protects HSC from culture-induced stress partly through VEGFα signaling. Thus, we demonstrate that adding Tempol leads to the protection of HSC functional properties during ex vivo culture.
Clinical and laboratory factors associated with splenic dysfunction among patients with sickle cell disease in a malaria endemic region
Authors: Ladu Adama I , Satumari Ngamarju A , Abba Aisha M , Abulfathi Fatima A , Jeffery Caroline , Adekile Adekunle , Bates Imelda 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Although loss of splenic function is the expected natural course for individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), factors such as high HbF and coexistence of alpha thalassemia may ameliorate this process. We evaluated factors associated with two surrogate markers of spleen dysfunction, namely Howell–Jolly bodies (HJBs) and argyrophilic inclusion (AI) red cell counts, among patients with SCD.

Methods
Cross-sectional data of 182 patients with SCD (median age 11 y; 1–45 y) and 102 normal controls (median age 12 y; 1–32 y) were evaluated. Blood tests including full blood count, serum chemistry and high-performance liquid chromatography were performed. The HJB and AI red cell counts were performed on peripheral blood smears.

Results
The percentages of HJB and AI red cells rose significantly with increasing age in the SCD group. On regression analysis, the frequency of HJB red cells associated positively with mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (β=0.289; p=0.001) and negatively with HbF (β=−0.259; p=0.002). The AI red cell counts also associated positively with MCH (β=0.321; P=0.001) and negatively with HbF (β=−0.242; p=0.020).

Conclusions
Data from this study indicate that the negative association of HbF with both markers of splenic dysfunction among our patients with SCD residing in a malaria endemic region is similar to findings elsewhere of its ameliorating effect on splenic dysfunction.
Measuring Inequality Using Geospatial Data
Authors: Galimberti Jaqueson K , Pichler Stefan , Pleninger Regina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The main challenge in studying inequality is limited data availability, which is particularly problematic in developing countries. This study constructs a measure of light-based geospatial income inequality (LGII) for 234 countries/territories from 1992 to 2013 using satellite data on night-lights and gridded population data. Key methodological innovations include the use of varying levels of data aggregation, and a calibration of the lights–prosperity relationship to match traditional inequality measures based on income data. The new LGII measure is significantly correlated with cross-country variation in income inequality. Within countries, the light-based inequality measure is also correlated with measures of energy efficiency and the quality of population data. Two applications of the data are provided in the fields of health economics and international finance. The results show that light- and income-based inequality measures lead to similar results, but the geospatial data offer a significant expansion of the number of observations.
The role of zinc finger proteins in malignant tumors
Authors: Zhao Jia , Wen Doudou , Zhang Shubing , Jiang Hao , Di Xiaotang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZinc finger proteins (ZNFs) are the largest family of transcriptional factors in mammalian cells. Recently, their role in the development, progression, and metastasis of malignant tumors via regulating gene transcription and translation processes has become evident. Besides, their possible involvement in drug resistance has also been found, indicating that ZNFs have the potential to become new biological markers and therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the oncogenic and suppressive roles of various ZNFs in malignant tumors, including lung, breast, liver, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and other cancers, highlighting their role as prognostic markers, and hopefully provide new ideas for the treatment of malignant tumors in the future.
Combining the Physical–Chemical Approach with Standard Base Excess to Understand the Compensation of Respiratory Acid–Base Derangements: An Individual Participant Meta-analysis Approach to Data from Multiple Canine and Human Experiments
Authors: Zadek Francesco , Danieli Andrea , Brusatori Serena , Giosa Lorenzo , Krbec Martin , Antolini Laura , Fumagalli Roberto , Langer Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Background
Several studies explored the interdependence between Paco
2 and bicarbonate during respiratory acid–base derangements. The authors aimed to reframe the bicarbonate adaptation to respiratory disorders according to the physical–chemical approach, hypothesizing that (1) bicarbonate concentration during respiratory derangements is associated with strong ion difference; and (2) during acute respiratory disorders, strong ion difference changes are not associated with standard base excess.

Methods
This is an individual participant data meta-analysis from multiple canine and human experiments published up to April 29, 2021. Studies testing the effect of acute or chronic respiratory derangements and reporting the variations of Paco
2, bicarbonate, and electrolytes were analyzed. Strong ion difference and standard base excess were calculated.

Results
Eleven studies were included. Paco
2 ranged between 21 and 142 mmHg, while bicarbonate and strong ion difference ranged between 12.3 and 43.8 mM, and 32.6 and 60.0 mEq/l, respectively. Bicarbonate changes were linearly associated with the strong ion difference variation in acute and chronic respiratory derangement (β-coefficient, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.3; P < 0.001). In the acute setting, sodium variations justified approximately 80% of strong ion difference change, while a similar percentage of chloride variation was responsible for chronic adaptations. In the acute setting, strong ion difference variation was not associated with standard base excess changes (β-coefficient, –0.02; 95% CI, –0.11 to 0.07; P = 0.719), while a positive linear association was present in chronic studies (β-coefficient, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.24; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The bicarbonate adaptation that follows primary respiratory alterations is associated with variations of strong ion difference. In the acute phase, the variation in strong ion difference is mainly due to sodium variations and is not paralleled by modifications of standard base excess. In the chronic setting, strong ion difference changes are due to chloride variations and are mirrored by standard base excess.

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Differential Gene Expression Profiles and Pathways Highlight the Role of Osteoimmunology in Neurofibromatosis Type 1–Related Dystrophic Scoliosis With Osteopenia
Authors: Li Song , Wu Zhichong , Ma Yanyu , Zhu Yitong , Feng Zhenhua , Zhu Zezhang , Qiu Yong , Mao Saihu 
Published: August 2023

Study Design.
Microarray approach and integrated gene network analysis.

Objective.
To explore the differential genetic expression profile, Gene Ontology terms, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways in human trabecular bone (HTB)-derived cells of dystrophic scoliosis secondary to neurofibromatosis type 1 (DS-NF1) and compare these to normal controls.

Summary of Background Data.
The pathogenesis of DS-NF1 and the accompanying generalized osteopenia remain unclear. We hypothesized that HTBs may play a significant role in the etiology and pathogenesis of DS-NF1.

Materials and Methods.
Microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes of HTBs from patients with DS-NF1 compared with those from healthy individuals. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis were implemented through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database. Then, the “search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins” database, Cytoscape, and “Molecular Complex Detection” were applied to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and screen hub genes. Pathway enrichment analysis was further performed for hub genes and gene clusters identified through module analysis. Six potential crucial genes were selected for validation by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results.
Bioinformatic analysis revealed that there are 401 previously unrecognized differentially expressed genes (238 up and 163 downregulated genes) in HTBs from patients with DS-NF1, and they were mainly enriched in terms of immune response, type-I interferon (IFN) signaling, TNF signaling pathway and etinoic acid inducible gene I-like receptor signaling pathway. Five hub genes, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase-like, IFN induced with helicase C domain 1, IFN regulatory factor 7, and MX dynamin-like GTPase 1 were identified through PPI network, which were mainly enriched in terms of Jak-STAT and etinoic acid inducible gene I-like receptor signaling pathway. An independently dysregulated protein cluster containing CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL3, CX3CL1, TLR1, and CXCL12 was also identified through the PPI network. This indicated that the upper abnormally expressed genes may play essential roles in DS-NF1 pathogenesis and accompanied osteopenia.

Conclusion.
Six key genes were identified in the progression of DS-NF1–related osteopenia. Immune response might play a key role in the progression of osteopenia, whereas a CXCL12-mediated osteogenic effect might play a protective role.
Transcranial Color-Coded Sonography With Angle Correction As a Screening Tool for Raised Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Rajajee Venkatakrishna , Soroushmehr Reza , Williamson Craig A. , Najarian Kayvan , Ward Kevin , Tiba Hakam 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) has been evaluated as a noninvasive intracranial pressure (ICP) assessment tool. Correction for insonation angle, a potential source of error, with transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) has not previously been reported while evaluating ICP with TCD. Our objective was to study the accuracy of TCCS for detection of ICP elevation, with and without the use of angle correction.

DESIGN:
Prospective study of diagnostic accuracy.

SETTING:
Academic neurocritical care unit.

PATIENTS:
Consecutive adults with invasive ICP monitors.

INTERVENTIONS:
Ultrasound assessment with TCCS.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
End-diastolic velocity (EDV), time-averaged peak velocity (TAPV), and pulsatility index (PI) were measured in the bilateral middle cerebral arteries with and without angle correction. Concomitant mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ICP were recorded. Estimated cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was calculated as estimated CPP (CPPe) = MAP × (EDV/TAPV) + 14, and estimated ICP (ICPe) = MAP–CPPe. Sixty patients were enrolled and 55 underwent TCCS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of ICPe for detection of invasive ICP greater than 22 mm Hg revealed area under the curve (AUC) 0.51 (0.37–0.64) without angle correction and 0.73 (0.58–0.84) with angle correction. The optimal threshold without angle correction was ICPe greater than 18 mm Hg with sensitivity 71% (29–96%) and specificity 28% (16–43%). With angle correction, the optimal threshold was ICPe greater than 21 mm Hg with sensitivity 100% (54–100%) and specificity 30% (17–46%). The AUC for PI was 0.61 (0.47–0.74) without angle correction and 0.70 (0.55–0.92) with angle correction.

CONCLUSIONS:
Angle correction improved the accuracy of TCCS for detection of elevated ICP. Sensitivity was high, as appropriate for a screening tool, but specificity remained low.
Failure of First Transition to Pressure Support Ventilation After Spontaneous Awakening Trials in Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: Influence of COVID-19
Authors: Pérez Joaquin , Accoce Matías , Dorado Javier H. , Gilgado Daniela I. , Navarro Emiliano , Cardoso Gimena P. , Telias Irene , Rodriguez Pablo O. , Brochard Laurent 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the rate of failure of the first transition to pressure support ventilation (PSV) after systematic spontaneous awakening trials (SATs) in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) and to assess whether the failure is higher in COVID-19 compared with AHRF of other etiologies. To determine predictors and potential association of failure with outcomes.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Twenty-eight-bedded medical-surgical ICU in a private hospital (Argentina).

PATIENTS:
Subjects with arterial pressure of oxygen (AHRF to Fio
2 [Pao
2/Fio
2] < 300 mm Hg) of different etiologies under controlled mechanical ventilation (MV).

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We collected data during controlled ventilation within 24 hours before SAT followed by the first PSV transition. Failure was defined as the need to return to fully controlled MV within 3 calendar days of PSV start. A total of 274 patients with AHRF (189 COVID-19 and 85 non-COVID-19) were included. The failure occurred in 120 of 274 subjects (43.7%) and was higher in COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 (49.7% and 30.5%; p = 0.003). COVID-19 diagnosis (odds ratio [OR]: 2.22; 95% CI [1.15–4.43]; p = 0.020), previous neuromuscular blockers (OR: 2.16; 95% CI [1.15–4.11]; p = 0.017) and higher fentanyl dose (OR: 1.29; 95% CI [1.05–1.60]; p = 0.018) increased the failure chances. Higher BMI (OR: 0.95; 95% CI [0.91–0.99]; p = 0.029), Pao
2/Fio
2 (OR: 0.87; 95% CI [0.78–0.97]; p = 0.017), and pH (OR: 0.61; 95% CI [0.38–0.96]; p = 0.035) were protective. Failure groups had higher 60-day ventilator dependence (p < 0.001), MV duration (p < 0.0001), and ICU stay (p = 0.001). Patients who failed had higher mortality in COVID-19 group (p < 0.001) but not in the non-COVID-19 (p = 0.083).

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with AHRF of different etiologies, the failure of the first PSV attempt was 43.7%, and at a higher rate in COVID-19. Independent risk factors included COVID-19 diagnosis, fentanyl dose, previous neuromuscular blockers, acidosis and hypoxemia preceding SAT, whereas higher BMI was protective. Failure was associated with worse outcomes.
Measurable residual disease in peripheral blood in myeloma: dream or reality
Authors: Kubicki Tadeusz , Derman Benjamin A. , Dytfeld Dominik , Jakubowiak Andrzej J. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Therapeutic advancements in multiple myeloma have led to increasingly deeper and more durable responses, creating a need for highly sensitive and applicable techniques for measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment. Bone marrow assays can deeply assess for MRD, but it is not conducive to performing frequent and dynamic evaluations, which may be needed for MRD-adapted treatment approaches. Recently, numerous techniques for MRD assessment in peripheral blood have come under investigation, and their integration into routine clinical practice is eagerly anticipated.

Recent findings
The identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), evaluation of cell-free DNA, and measuring monoclonal protein concentration with mass spectrometry are promising research areas for assessing myeloma in peripheral blood. CTCs assessment and cell-free DNA may carry prognostic significance, but they lack the sensitivity of bone marrow-based techniques. Mass spectrometry has already been implemented in clinical practice in certain centers, but its full potential has yet to be fully realized. This review focuses on recent developments in these fields, emphasizing the potential future roles of these assessments.

Summary
MRD assessment in peripheral blood is still in the development stage but holds promise for not only complementing bone marrow based evaluations but also potential for improving sensitivity.
Oncogenic β-catenin-driven liver cancer is susceptible to methotrexate-mediated disruption of nucleotide synthesis
Authors: Liu Fangming , Wu Yuting , Zhang Baohui , Yang Shuhui , Shang Kezhuo , Li Jie , Zhang Pengju , Deng Weiwei , Chen Linlin , Zheng Liang , Gai Xiaochen , Zhang Hongbing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Liver cancer is largely resistant to chemotherapy. This study aimed to identify the effective chemotherapeutics for β-catenin-activated liver cancer which is caused by gain-of-function mutation of catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), the most frequently altered proto-oncogene in hepatic neoplasms.

Methods:
Constitutive β-catenin-activated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were established by deleting exon 3 (β-cateninΔ(ex3)/+
), the most common mutation site in CTNNB1 gene. A screening of 12 widely used chemotherapy drugs was conducted for the ones that selectively inhibited β-cateninΔ(ex3)/+
but not for wild-type MEFs. Untargeted metabolomics was carried out to examine the alterations of metabolites in nucleotide synthesis. The efficacy and selectivity of methotrexate (MTX) on β-catenin-activated human liver cancer cells were determined in vitro. Immuno-deficient nude mice subcutaneously inoculated with β-catenin wild-type or mutant liver cancer cells and hepatitis B virus (HBV); β-cateninlox(ex3)/+
mice were used, respectively, to evaluate the efficacy of MTX in the treatment of β-catenin mutant liver cancer.

Results:
MTX was identified and validated as a preferential agent against the proliferation and tumor formation of β-catenin-activated cells. Boosted nucleotide synthesis was the major metabolic aberration in β-catenin-active cells, and this alteration was also the target of MTX. Moreover, MTX abrogated hepatocarcinogenesis of HBV; β-cateninlox(ex3)/+
mice, which stimulated concurrent Ctnnb1-activated mutation and HBV infection in liver cancer.

Conclusion:
MTX is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for β-catenin hyperactive liver cancer. Since repurposing MTX has the advantages of lower risk, shorter timelines, and less investment in drug discovery and development, a clinical trial is warranted to test its efficacy in the treatment of β-catenin mutant liver cancer.