bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the attenuation of strong ground motion on the island of Hawaii
Authors: Munson Clifford G. , Thurber Clifford H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe develop a horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) predictive equation for the island of Hawaii by applying the Joyner and Boore (1993, 1994) two-stage regression method to a data set that consists of 51 PGA from 22 events. Magnitudes vary from 4.0 to 7.2, and event depths vary from 4 to 14 km. The resulting equation islog ⁡ 10 P G A = 0.518 + 0.387 ( M − 6 ) − log ⁡ 10 r − 0.00256 r + 0.335 S ,where PGA is measured in units of g, M is magnitude, r = (d2 + 11.292)1/2, and S is 0 for lava sites and 1 at ash sites. The distance parameter d is the closest distance from the recording site to the surface projection of the fault rupture area and varies from 0 to 88 km for the Hawaii PGA data set. We find that the attenuation of high- frequency strong ground motion is significantly greater than a previous relationship used for the island of Hawaii. The ash site coefficient S, which represents accelerometer sites with shear-wave velocities that vary from 60 to 200 m/sec, is generally larger than the soil site coefficients in other attenuation relationships.
Reconstruction of seismogenetic structures by multiplet analysis: An example of Western Liguria, Italy
Authors: Cattaneo Marco , Augliera Paolo , Spallarossa Daniele , Eva Claudio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work investigates the spatial distribution of three seismic swarms that occurred in Western Liguria (NW Italy) in 1990 and 1993. The largest events, recorded on July and December 1993, exceeded magnitude 4.0. The routine locations of hypocenters were not able to depict the geometry of the active zone, due to the limitations of the regional seismic network. Also the adoption of different location techniques (“forward” probability estimation, relative locations) did not furnish any particular information on the real spatial distribution of these very closely spaced events.The analysis of the recorded signals demonstrated the strong coherency among seismograms and suggested the use of doublet-multiplet techniques in order to evaluate the relative position of events. For every swarm, the relative locations obtained (with estimated errors of the order of a few meters) depict clearly the geometry of the very limited area involved in this seismic activity (of the order of 1 km2): all the analyzed events lie (within a few meters) on a plane that is in agreement with one of the planes of the focal mechanism of the mainshocks obtained by first-motion polarities. A strike-slip rupture, with a compressive component, on planes with strike around 80° and dip ranging from 56° to 74°, is in agreement with all the available information. Moreover, using some similar events belonging to the different periods of activity (bridge events), the relative position of the three groups of earthquakes was also determined, showing that the more energetic activity of 1993 reactivated a shallower area contiguous to the sector mobilized in 1990 and characterized by a slightly different dip.
Long-Term Clinical and Functional Results of High-Grade Myopia Correction by Intrastromal Implantation of the MyoRing Ring with Femtolaser Support
Authors: Kulikova I. L. , Terent’eva A. E. , Sinitsyn M. V. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: Analysis of remote clinical functional results of high myopia correction in patients with thin cornea by method of intrastromal MyoRing implantation with Femtolaser assistance.Materials and methods. 22 eyes of 22 patients were included into investigation, the мean age of patients was 30.20 ± 5.37 (from 24 to 40) years. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) of refraction was –11.52 ± 1.96 D, cylindrical component of refraction was –2.04 ± 1.64 D. Minimal pachymetry index in center was 491.6 ± 20.0 mkm. Corneal hysteresis (CH) was 8.60 ± 1.19 mm Hg. The average pupil diameter in mesopic conditions was 5.60 ± 0.23 mm. All patients had a history of mild amblyopia. Period of control in average 2 years.Results. In 2 years after the surgery uncorrected visual acuity was 0.60 ± 1.22, corrected visual acuity 0.70 ± 0.20. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) of refraction was 0.61 ± 1.43 D, cylindrical component of refraction was –0.13 ± 0.50 D. Predictability of SE within ±0.5 D was 84 %, ±1.0 — 84 %. Index of safety was 1.16, index of efficacy — 1.0. CH was 9.50 ± 0.03 mm Hg. Mean pachymetry at center after the surgery did not change statistically significant in comparison with initial data (p = 1.00).Conclusion. MyoRing implantation is an effective and safe method, it provides: refraction spherical component correction, astigmatism correction and CH increase (p = 0.01).
Multimodal Imaging of Quiescent Choroidal Neovascularization: Status of Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Maltsev D. S. , Perminova S. M. , Vasilev A. S. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: to study the status of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) over the area of quiescent choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in comparison with active CNV in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).Patients and methods: This study included 17 patients with quiescent CNV (6 males and 11 females, mean age 74.9 ± 10.0 years) and 28 patients with active CNV (8 males and 20 females, average age 69.3 ± 6.8 years). All participants received a standard ophthalmological examination, including spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT), dark-field scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (DF-SLO) and autofluorescence. Using ImageJ, the brightness of the image in the projection of the CNV was evaluated. The vascular density of the membrane was assessed using OCT angiography.Results: The vascular density of quiescent CNV was statistically significantly higher than that of active CNV with a median value of 64.5 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 53.4–79.0 %) and 55.3 % (95 % CI 52.2–60.0 %) (p = 0.05). Image brightness in the silent membrane region was significantly lower by compared with active CNV, both according to OCT transillumination data (p = 0.004) and according to DF-SLO data (p = 0.0015). There were no differences in autofluorescence indices between active and quiescent CNV (p = 0.44).Conclusion: Multimodal imaging indicates significant loss of integrity of RPE over active CNV, which corresponds to their lower vascular density according to OCT angiography.
Keratopathy in Patients with Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Modern Interferon Preparations
Authors: Drozdova E. A. , Golubev S. Yu. , Brzheskiy V. V. , Romanova E. A. , Kireeva V. A. , Berdnikova E. V. 
Published: April 2023

It is considered, that one of the main directions of treatment of adenovirus conjunctivitis is the appointment of interferon alpha-2b in combination with diphenhydramine, which until recently was provided by the only original drug. In 2020, the first generic drug, Interferon-Oftalmo, would be registered in Russia.The purpose: to evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of treatment of patients with keratopathy against the background of adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis with Interferon-Oftalmo and Oftalmoferon.Material and methods. The comparative analysis included completed cases of treatment of 51 patients (102 eyes) aged 18–75 years with clinical signs of keratopathy against the background of epidemic adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. Patients of the first group (n = 27, 54 eyes) on the background of tear replacement therapy received eight instillations of the drug Interferon-Ophthalmo, the second (n = 24, 48 eyes) received Oftalmoferon. The observation period was 15 days. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on a quantitative analysis of the dynamics of clinical symptoms of inflammation and the state of the cornea, the severity of subjective manifestations of ocular surface xerosis using the ocular surface damage index (OSDI), as well as the stability of the tear film. Safety and tolerability were also evaluated.Results. Against the background of complex therapy, which included the instillation of Interferon-Ophthalmo or Oftalmoferon, all patients showed comparable dynamics in the relief of the inflammatory process and keratopathy. This was expressed in a statistically significant decrease in the severity of foreign body sensation, lacrimation, itching, eyelid edema, conjunctival edema and hyperemia, follicular reaction, conjunctival hemorrhages, punctate keratopathy, subepithelial infiltrates in the cornea. In both groups, there was a steady downward trend in OSDI against the background of an increase in the stability of the tear film and an increase in maximally corrected visual acuity. The safety and tolerability profile of the drugs was assessed as comparably favorable.Conclusion. The inclusion of the drug Interferon-Oftalmo in the complex therapy of adenoviral epidemic keratoconjunctivitis allows us to expect a comparable effect on the course of the disease compared to the original drug Oftalmoferon.
Clinical Case of Cataract Phacoemulsification with Implantation of a Multifocal Intraocular Lens in a Patient with Posterior Keratoconus
Authors: Trubilin V. N. , Belikova E. I. , Sologubov A. A. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: to provide a clinical case of cataract phacoemulsification with implantation of a multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) in a patient with posterior keratoconus.Clinical case. A 58-year-old patient came to the clinic with complaints of decreased visual acuity in both eyes over the past 2 years. A series of standard instrumental examinations and Scheimpflug keratotopography were performed. An initial age-related cataract, moderate hyperopia, complex hyperopic astigmatism, posterior keratoconus, and peripheral chorioretinal dystrophy was diagnosed.Results and discussion. To achieve high visual functions and correct presbyopia, the patient was offered phacoemulsification surgery with implantation of a multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) Oculentis in the right eye and a multifocal toric one in the left one.Conclusion. The result of our surgical treatment showed the multipurpose of the multifocal IOL Oculentis in some nonstandard cases and conditions of the cornea.
Prediction of the Functional Result of Surgery for the Full Thickness of the Macular Hole Based on the Analysis of the Safety of Retinal Tissue
Authors: Popov E. M. , Maltsev D. S. , Kulikov A. N. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose. To study the relationship between baseline optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics of preservation of the neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and functional outcome after full thickness macular hole (FTHM) surgery.Materials and methods. Patients with complete postoperative anatomical closure of the FTMH were included in this prospective interventional study. All patients received a standard ophthalmological examination and OCT before surgical treatment. At baseline the area and reflectivity of the neurosensory retina at the edges of the hole was measured on cross-sectional OCT scans. The reflectivity of RPE was evaluated within the hole on structural en face projections of RPE slab. Six months postoperatively, correlation between baseline OCT characteristics and visual outcome was evaluated.Results. Twenty-nine patients (30 eyes, 23 females and 6 males, average age — 66.2 ± 5.2 years) were included in the study. The final best-corrected visual acuity showed a statistically significant correlation with baseline best-corrected visual acuity (r = 0.75, p < 0.001), reflectivity of RPE (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), reflectivity of neurosensory retina (r = –0.88, p < 0.001), and its area (r = 0.41, p = 0.02).Conclusion. OCT-characteristics of retinal tissue preservation, including the area and reflectivity of the neurosensory retina and reflectivity of the RPE within the hole, correlate with functional recovery after FTMH surgery.
TOXICITY TEST OF IRONWOOD BARK EXTRACT (Eusideroxylon zwageri) TOWARD WISTAR RATS KIDNEY (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Gondo Arum Bimo , Krishnawan Firdaus I Wayan Arya , Oktiani Beta Widya 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: The use of herbal medicinal plants by the community is increasing because the side effects are smaller than chemical-based drugs. One of the medicinal plants is ironwood because of its flavonoid and phenolic compounds which have the potential as antioxidants. Ironwood needs to be known for its toxicity, by performing an oral subchronic toxicity test on the kidneys of wistar rats with urea and creatinine parameters. Objective: Proving that the administration of ironwood bark extract at doses of 524.5 mg/mL, 1151.5 mg/mL, and 1775.5 mg/mL orally for 28 days had no toxic effect on the kidneys of wistar rats with parameters of urea and creatinine. Methods: Pure experimental research with posttest-only with control group design, consisting of 4 groups, each of which contained 4 wistar rats with 1 negative control group and 3 treatment groups given ironwood bark extract at a dose of 524.5 mg/mL, 1151, 5 mg/mL, and 1775.5 mg/mL. It was carried out for 28 days and on the 29th day the rats were taken blood and examined for urea and creatinine levels. Results: In the 3 treatment groups, urea values were 41, 42, and 32.35 mg/dL and creatinine was 0.725, 0.725, and 0.65 mg/dL and the results also showed that there was no significant difference in urea levels (p=0.076) and creatinine (p=0.076). 0.065) in each group. Conclusion: Ironwood bark extract dose 524.5 mg/mL, 1151.5 mg/mL, and 1775.5 mg/mL was not toxic to the kidneys of wistar rats with parameters of urea and creatinine. Keywords: Creatinine, Ironwood bark extract, Toxicity, Urea.
PATHWAY OF INFECTION IN CANINE FOSSA SPACE ABSCESS
Authors: Pramasari Cristiani Nadya 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Most of fascial space infections of head and neck caused by odontogenic infections. The canine space becomes involved primarily as the result of infections from the maxillary canine tooth. The buccal space may become infected from extensions of infection from either the maxillary or mandibular teeth.Purpose: This case report discusses the management of canine fossa space abscess extending to buccal space.Case: A-45-years-old male patient came to the A.W. Sjahranie Hospital with complaints of swelling in his left face since two weeks ago. Physical examination showed swelling in the upper left jaw. CT scan’s view showed a radiolucent appearance of the canine fossa region. Panoramic radiograph pointed upper left canine (23) and first molar (26) as source of infection. Based on clinical and radiographic examinations, the patient was diagnosed with a canine fossa space abscess. Case Management: The treatment was given are intravenous antibiotics, multiple tooth extraction followed by intraoral drainage incision under general anesthesia.Conclusion: Extension of infection of the canine fossa space can lead to the buccal space and maxillary sinus at the same time due to multiple carious tooth. Keywords : Buccal space abscess, Canine fossa space abscess, Maxillary sinus, Odontogenic infection
Orthopaedic Surgery First-Year Resident Surgical Skills Month Curriculum
Authors: Siebler Justin , Bouckhuyt Jenni , Mormino Matthew 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In 2012, a mandate came to formally teach surgical skills to orthopaedic surgery program year one residents. We describe our reasoning and the mechanics behind our 1-month surgical skills course that we developed for our first-year orthopaedic surgery residents. We include our rationale of design, our monthly and daily format, a discussion of cost, a description and samples of our feedback surveys and results, and thoughts moving forward. We think sharing our thought process and programs will help others refine or create their own orthopaedic first-year resident educational activities.
Value Challenge: A Bottoms-Up Approach to Minimizing Cost and Waste in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Chen Kallie J. , Rascoe Alexander , Su Charles A. , Benedick Alex , Furdock Ryan J. , Sinkler Margaret A. , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Astronomical increases in medical expenses and waste produce widespread financial and environmental impacts. Minor changes to minimize costs within orthopaedics, the most used surgical subspecialty, could result in substantial savings. However, few orthopaedic surgeons are educated or experienced to implement cost containment strategies. This study aims to investigate cost containment opportunities and provide a framework for educating and incorporating residents into cost-saving initiatives.

Methods:
Orthopaedic surgical residents from an academic program with a Level I trauma center were queried during 2019 to 2022 regarding suggestions for cost containment opportunities. Based on feasibility and the estimated impact, 7 responses were selected to undergo cost-saving analyses.

Results:
The proposed initiatives fell into 2 categories: minimizing waste and optimizing patient care. Eliminating nonessential physical therapy/occupational therapy consults led to the greatest estimated savings ($8.6M charges/year), followed by conserving reusable drill bits ($2.2M/year) and reducing computed tomography scans on lower extremity injuries ($446K/year).

Conclusion:
Current medical training provides limited formal education on cost-effective care. Efforts to mitigate the growing financial and environmental costs of health care should include encouraging and incorporating resident feedback into cost reduction strategies. This tactic will likely have a positive impact on the behavior of such resident surgeons as they enter practice and have more awareness of costs and value.

Level of Evidence:
V (cost-minimization study)
Does Rising Resources Income, Consumer Prices, Government Outlay, and Globalisation Hinder Africa's Sustainable Development?
Authors: Aladejare Samson Adeniyi , Musa Mohammed Auwal 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Africa's inability to achieve the SDGs may have far-reaching consequences on the rest of the world since some goals carry transboundary features such as climate change, resource management, and globalisation. Thus, this study examined the long-term effect of contemporary challenges such as growing resource income, rising consumer prices, inefficient public spending, and globalisation on Africa's quest for sustainable development. A robust measure of sustainable development that integrates resource productivity is adopted. The study period spanned from 1991 to 2021, and data sourced from 24 African countries. The empirical output for this study is derived using long-term methodologies, including feasible generalised least squares, Driscoll-Kraay, and panel dynamic ordinary least squares. The estimation of the long-term model was to capture the consequential effects of contemporary issues on sustainable development. Evidence from the model revealed that increases in resources income, consumer prices, public outlay, and globalisation are deterrents to sustainable development. However, rising income (the control variable) enhanced sustainable development. The individual cross-sectional regression outputs also demonstrated similar effects. Given these contemporary challenges, the study proposed relevant policy measures to aid the attainment of sustainable development.
Effects of Vitamins C and E in Tris Citric Acid Glucose Extender on Chilled Semen Quality of Kail Ram during Different Storage Times
Authors: Akhter Shereen , Zubair Muhammad , Mahmood Majid , Andrabi Syed Murtaza Hassan , Hameed Nasir , Ahmad Ejaz , Saleemi Muhammad Kashif 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMammalian sperm cells are highly vulnerable to lipid peroxidation by free radicals. Antioxidants such as vitamin E, and vitamin C neutralize the activity of free radicals and protect the sperm from reactive oxygen species. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, and their combination in Tris-based extender on the semen quality of Kail Ram. Semen samples from five mature Kail rams were collected in this study. The semen samples were diluted by Tris-glucose-egg yolk. Diluted semen samples were divided into four parts. The first part was added with 1 mg/ml vitamin C, the second part was added with 1 mg /ml vitamin E and the third part was added with both vitamin C, and E, in combination with a dose of 1 mg /ml. Fourth part was considered as control without any addition. The diluted semen samples were cooled gradually and preserved at 5˚C for three days. Sperms in chilled diluted semen samples were examined for motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity every 24 hours for three days (72 h). Present study results showed significant (P<0.05) effects of vitamins C, E, and their combination on some parameters such as motility, straightness of average special path, linearity of the curvilinear trajectory, and beat-cross frequency. However, there was no significant (P<0.05) effect of storage duration and antioxidants (vitamin C, E, and their combination) on viability, sperm plasma membrane integrity, and some CASA parameters. From present study it could be concluded that the supplementation of vitamins C, E, and their combination do not enhanced life span and quality of semen in Kail ram during liquid storage at 5˚C.
The limits of stress-tolerance for diapausing resting stages in freshwater ponds
Authors: Santos Joana L. , Ebert Dieter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In seasonal environments, many organisms evolve strategies such as diapause to survive stressful periods. Understanding the link between habitat stability and diapause strategy can help predict population’s survival in a changing world. Freshwater organisms may survive periods of drought or freezing only with the help of durable resting stages. The frequency and extent of drought or freezing vary strongly among habitats and are predicted to change as a consequence of climate change raising questions about an organism’s ability to cope with different forms of stress. Using Daphnia magna as a model system, we tested resting stages from different populations for their ability to cope with stress during diapause. The combination of elevated temperatures and wet conditions during diapause shows to prevent hatching altogether. In contrast, hatching is relatively good after a dry and warm diapause, but declines with rising temperatures, while time to hatching increases. Resting stages produced by populations from summer-dry habitats perform slightly, but consistently, better at higher temperatures and dryness, supporting the local adaptation hypothesis. Considering that temperatures and summer droughts are projected to increase in upcoming years, it is fundamental to know how resting stages resist stressful conditions so as to predict and protect the ecological functioning of freshwater ecosystems.
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha-2 directly activates mTOR kinase
Authors: Jin Ersuo , Wang Shengjie , Chen Donglai , Zeng Yuanyuan , Zhang Hong-Tao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase functions as a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism, and its complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 phosphorylate distinct substrates1-3. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling is commonly implicated in human diseases, including cancer4,5. Despite three decades of active research in mTOR, much remains to be determined1. In fact, how mTOR kinase is directly activated and recognize distinct substrates are still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha-2 (P4HA2) can hydroxylate mTOR protein and thereby activating mTOR signal. By performing co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down assays combined with mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis in 293T cells, we found that P4HA2 binds directly to mTOR and hydroxylates one highly conserved proline 2341 (P2341) within a kinase domain of mTOR. Moreover, we discover that the hydroxylation of P2341 strengthens mTOR stability and allows mTOR to accurately recognize its substrates such as S6K and AKT. Our study reveals an undiscovered hydroxylation-regulatory mechanism by which P4HA2 directly activates mTOR kinase, providing insights for therapeutically targeting mTOR kinase-driven cancers.