bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human endogenous retroviruses and autism spectrum disorder: Brief review of recent literature
Authors: Mota Freitas R. , Reis Gomes D. , Silveira F. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are genetic elements resulting from ancestral infection of germline cells. HERVs have been associated with multiple complex disorders, including neurodevelopment disorders, namely autism spectrum disorder (ASD).ObjectivesIn this review, we aim to explore the relationship between endogenous retroviruses and autism spectrum disorder.MethodsA non-systematic review of literature published in the Pubmed database in the last ten years was performed. A combination of the search terms “autism spectrum disorder”, “ASD”, “endogenous retrovirus”, “human endogenous retrovirus”, “ERV” and “HERV” was used. Articles were selected based on title and abstract review.ResultsPreclinical and human studies suggest that the abnormal expression of endogenous retroviruses can represent a biological trait of neurodevelopment disorders in affected individuals and their parents. The precise epigenetic processes that underpin this relationship remain elusive. Nonetheless, HERVs play various roles, modulate host immune response and may affect human embryogenesis. All of these factors can participate in the interplay among genetic vulnerability, environmental risk factors, and maternal immune activation that contribute for the development of ASD.ConclusionsThere is a recent, mounting body of evidence linking HERVs and ASD. Whether HERVs behave as a cofactor for the development of ASD or an epiphenomenon of neurodevelopmental disorders remains unclear. Further research is needed to assess if there is causality and evaluate the potential for HERVs to serve as biomarkers for ASD.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Psychiatric Symptoms & Misdiagnosis Of Frontotemporal Dementia: A Case Report
Authors: Özmen G. , Göverti D. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common type of dementia seen between 45-65 years of age and affects the frontal and/or temporal lobes. FTD is clinically characterized by progressively the change in behavior, personality, and language dysfunctions.
Clinical features of FTD include restlessness, disinhibition, apathy, blunted affect, avolition, social withdrawal, impulsiveness, and loss of executive function. Most patients with FTD act as socially inappropriate behaviors, not talking much, compulsive-like acts, poor insight, and psychiatric features including hallucinations and paranoid delusions. According to symptoms, the diagnosis of FTD may be confused with depression, mania, or schizophrenia.ObjectivesIn this case report, we wanted to draw attention that FTD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of late-onset psychosis.MethodsA 53-year-old female, married, uneducated, and not having children patient has applied to our clinic with complaints, that started a year ago, about social withdrawal, activity, decreased sense of purpose, neglecting personal hygiene, not eating well, and acting inappropriately and impulsively.The patient reported that she was walking out of the house for hours, having profanity speeches, and forgetfulness.She was admitted to the psychiatry hospital a year ago and discharged with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.Brain MRI showed atrophy of frontal and anterior temporal structures bilaterally. PET scan demonstrated left frontal, parietal, and temporal hypo perfusion of the brain.In our clinical observation, she had apathy, inappropriate jokes, lack of eye contact, flat affect, lack of gesturing when communicating, unable to respond to questions, and visual hallucinations.ResultsDue to the similarity of the clinical resemblance of BPAD and FTD, the diagnosis of FTD can be confusing. In this case, amnesia and sudden onset of the symptoms with rapid destruction may help the diagnosis of FTD.Psychosis symptoms in our clinical observation also suggested the diagnosis of psychosis. However, its atypical course and early-onset psychosis symptoms brought us closer to organic pathology. Investigations of structural and functional brain imaging may help support the diagnosis.Image:Image 2:ConclusionsPsychiatric symptoms in FTD may cause misdiagnosis. Organic pathologies should be kept in mind, especially in late and sudden onset symptoms.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Diagnostic Challenges of Functional Cognitive Disorders
Authors: Petta J. , Falcão A. L. , Soares G. , Lourenço A. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionFunctional cognitive disorders (FCD) denotes a complaint about memory function or, less commonly, another cognitive process, in the absence of relevant neuropathology and with evidence of inconsistency between symptoms reported and signs identified at assessment.Increasing numbers of people with FCD are being identified.Most are discharged back to primary care without a diagnosis or are given the label of mild cognitive impairment, which is not a synonym for FCD.ObjectivesThere is a multitude of terms in the clinic and in the research to describe this kind of complaints. Some terms seem to minimize and normalize the state, whereas others posit an underlying cause.Given this lack of order, it is a challenge to diagnose it and give it the proper clinical guidance.This literature-based review aims to fill this gap.MethodsData was obtained through an internet-based literature search, using the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library and NCBI. The World Health Organization was also utilized. Nine articles from the last two years were included.ResultsIt is listed a nosology in six categories and a selection of clinical features which may help with the discrimination of functional and neurological disease causes of memory disorders.ConclusionsPatients presenting with complaints about memory function require standard psychiatric and neurological history and examination.It should be emphasized that these conditions are not diagnoses of exclusion but have positive symptoms and signs that should become well-known.Nevertheless, we remain uncertain about prognosis and treatments, both psychological and pharmacological. Its development would reduce the burden of patients in the healthcare systems.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The Effects of Serotonergic Psychedelics on Neural Activity: A Meta-Analysis of Task-Based Functional Neuroimaging Studies
Authors: Shepherd J. H. , Baten C. , Klassen A. , Zamora G. , Saravia S. , Pritchard E. , Ali Z. , Kahlon S. K. , Whitelock K. , Reyes F. A. , Hedges D. W. , Hamilton J. P. , Sacchet M. D. , Miller C. H. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionCuriosity toward the effects of psychedelic drugs on neural activation has increased due to their potential therapeutic benefits, particularly serotonergic psychedelics that act as 5-HT2A receptor agonists such as LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA. However, the pattern of their effects on neural activity in various brain regions in both clinical and healthy populations is still not well understood, and primary studies addressing this issue have sometimes generated inconsistent results.ObjectivesThe present meta-analysis aims to advance our understanding of the most widely used serotonergic psychedelics – LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA – by examining their effects on the functional activation throughout the whole brain among both clinical and healthy participants.MethodsWe conducted this meta-analysis by applying multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) with ensemble thresholding to quantitatively combine existing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that examined whole-brain functional activation of clinical or healthy participants who were administered a serotonergic psychedelic.ResultsSerotonergic psychedelics, including LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA, exhibited significant effects (α=0.05) on neural activation in several regions throughout the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia, including effects that may be common across and unique within each drug.ConclusionsThese observed effects of serotonergic psychedelics on neural activity advance our understanding of the functional neuroanatomy associated with their administration and may inform future studies of both their adverse and therapeutic effects, including emerging clinical applications for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Risperidone and fluvoxamine; two directions of augmentation: a case report
Authors: Štracak M. , Todorić Laidlaw I. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionOnly 40%–70% of patients have an adequate response to the first-line treatment of OCD with SSRIs. Antipsychotic augmentation is effective in the management of both obsessions and compulsions and these drugs are currently the first-line pharmacological augmenting agents for OCD. (Jaisoorya T, Thamby A. Antipsychotic augmentation in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2019;61(7):51)ObjectivesWe present the cases of a 31-year-old man and a 21- year-old girl. A 31 -year old man experienced hygienic obsessive and compulsive symptoms with excessive showering for one year (YBCOS 20). First, he was treated with 100 mg of fluvoxamine daily which helped him gain partial remission of symptoms. After a stressful period at work and his showering compulsions got worse. Our female patient suffered from compulsive hand washing and disinfection with fear of getting contaminated by other people (YBCOS 24). She was also treated for anorexia nervosa. At the moment of referral to our outpatient clinic, she had already been taking 2 mg of risperidone daily, but still, her compulsions persisted.MethodsBoth patients were included in outpatient service treatment. They were followed up weekly, psychotherapeutically supported and their psychopharmacotherapy was titrated. In the case of our male patient, risperidone of 1 mg/day was added to the ongoing fluvoxamine of 100 mg/day. Our female patient was given fluvoxamine 50 mg/a day and gradually increased to 100 mg/day with an ongoing 2 mg/day of risperidone.ResultsAfter two weeks, the hygiene compulsions of the 31-year-old-man completely remitted (YBCOS 6). He stopped excessive showering and became fully functional at work and in family relations. Our female patient also continued to take risperidone in augmentation with fluvoxamine as recommended. Her compulsions improved, and she returned to her hobbies and her college lectures (YBCOS 8). They have both been advised to continue outpatient psychiatric treatment and to regularly use pharmacotherapy.ConclusionsThe condition of both of our patients improved after adding an augmentative agent to the therapy. In the first case, it was risperidone as a fluvoxamine augmentation, and in the second, fluvoxamine was added as a risperidone augmentation. The combination of these two drugs, rather than each other being used on its own, proved to be a powerful therapeutic tool in the treatment of OCD. Further clinical studies are required for a better understanding of the underlying neurobiological mechanism of this effective combination.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Profile of substance use disorders in elderly psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Karoui M. , Kammoun R. , Nefzi H. , Ellouze F. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSubstance abuse is a common problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but is often underdiagnosed and unrecognized in geriatric patient populations.Objectivesto determine the prevalence of substance use disorders geriatricic inpatient population.MethodsData from 2010 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed from a clinical database. 148 admissions of patients older than 60 years were identified. Descriptive statistics were used to group patients with and without a diagnosis of substance use, which included intoxication, withdrawal, abuse, dependence, and substance-induced disorders.ResultsThere were 148 hospital admissions for patients over 60 years of age, with a mean age of 72.38 ± 5.64 years and a mean length of stay of 13.91 ± 14.15 days. Of all admissions, 44% (n=64) were associated with at least one substance use diagnosis. In this group of 64 patients, the most frequently used substance was tobacco with associated disorders ( 65% N=42). The prevalence of other substance use diagnoses was as follows: sedative-hypnotic abuse/dependence 32% (N=21), cannabis abuse 10% (N=6), alcohol-related disorder 12.5% (N=8). Compared with patients without a substance abuse diagnosis, these patients were significantly younger, had shorter lengths of stay, were less likely to be readmitted, and were more likely to be single menConclusionsGiven the inherent difficulties in diagnosing substance use disorders and the retrospective nature of this study, the true prevalence of substance use disorders in elderly psychiatric inpatients is likely higher than found. Cross-sectional or cohort studies are more appropriate to shed light on this condition.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Comorbid somatic conditions among older patients with major mental illness: A retrospective inpatients study.
Authors: Karoui M. , Maaroufi A. , Houssem N. , Kammoun R. , Ellouze F. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPsychiatric admissions of elderly subjects with mental disorders is a difficulty in management and treatment. This problem is essentially related to somatic comorbidities of this population.ObjectivesTo compare the demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions and functional status of younger and older individuals with major mental illnesses admitted to psychiatry.MethodsUsing the records of patients admitted between 2015 and 2020 to the psychiatric department "G" of Razi Hospital, we collected the demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions and functional impairments for patients admitted to psychiatry and aged over 65 years. We compared these characteristics to those collected in the total population of admitted patients.ResultsThe study population consisted of 75 elderly patients. Compared to the youngest patients there was a greater male majority, a higher rate of severe cognitive impairment, higher rates of chronic medical illnesses, such as congestive heart failure.ConclusionsOur findings suggest an urgent need for integrated psychiatric and medical care for elderly subjects with major mental illness. Future research is needed to adapt evidence-based integrated models of collaborative mental health care.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cognitive disorders in the elderly persons and their psychometric markers
Authors: Liubov P. , Letnikova Z. , Daria E. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPopulation aging is accompanied by an increase in mental disorders of late age, cognitive impairment and dementia, which makes research on their diagnosis, prevention and therapy particularly relevant.ObjectivesIn order to improve the diagnosis of cognitive disorders in elderly patients, a comparative characteristic of the MMSE and MoCA psychometric scales is presented. Due to the lack of differentiation of results in the MoCA - test according to the severity of cognitive disorders, ranking was carried out to determine the scoring levels of cognitive decline.MethodsOn the clinical basis of the scientific department of gerontopsychiatry of the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry - branch of the V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 46 people over 60 years old were examined. The identified mental disorders were coded under the ICD-10 F00-F09 rubric “Organic, including symptomatic mental disorders”. Cognitive status assessment was carried out by psychometric scales MMSE and MoCA. Psychometric and statistical research methods were used. To compare MoCA and MMSE scores, an equal-percentage alignment method was usedResultsIn patients examined by MMSE and MoCA, different point values were determined in assessing cognitive functions. In most observations, the MoCA- test indicators were lower than the MMSE values. The following correspondences of the score values of the scales were revealed: MOCA 23-30 - MMSE 28-30 points; MOCA 22-18 - MMSE 27-25; MOCA 17-12 – MMSE 23-20; MOCA 12-0 – MMSE 19-0.ConclusionsSuch features of the MMSE scale as insufficient sensitivity in assessing memory impairment and differentiation of non-dementia levels of cognitive impairment, regulatory functions of programming and goal-setting, lexical fluency were revealed. The advantages of the MoCA - test were the ability to assess visual-constructive and executive skills, praxis, a more accurate assessment of memory impairments, mobility of mental processes and the ability to switch, logical thinking, the possibility of topical diagnosis of brain damage. The disadvantages of the MoCA - test were the duration of its implementation, the fatigue of patients, the lack of tasks for assessing written speech and motor praxis.The MoCA - test is a more sensitive method for detecting and differentiating cognitive impairment compared to the MMSE scale, which makes it possible to recommend it for widespread introduction into psychiatric practice. Relevant in further studies are the determination of indicators of moderate cognitive impairment as a threshold value between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and incipient dementia, clarification of the point values of different levels of dementia.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
How is depression in the elderly patient diagnosed?
Authors: Fernández Fernández R. , Izquierdo de la Puente Á. , del Sol Calderón P. , Méndez González O. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe diagnosis of depression in the elderly patient presents peculiarities that should be taken into account. Studies point out the importance of an adequate screening of suspected cases of depression in older adults by physical therapists and other non-mental health professionals (Ramos Vieira et al., 2014). In this study, we intend to find out which are the most used diagnostic methods in Mental Health research on geriatric patient.ObjectivesTo analyze the diagnostic methods most used in research on the geriatric patient, specifically in articles that analyze the patient with cognitive impairment.MethodsA bibliographic search of all articles analyzing depression in patients with cognitive impairment between 2000 and 2020 was carried out. The diagnostic method of depression in each of them has been collected.ResultsA total of 38 studies were analyzed. The most common diagnostic method continues to be the use of diagnostic criteria (ICD or DSM), which is used in 34.2% of the studies, while the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is the most commonly used test, appearing in 23.7% of the studies. The remaining tests (CIDI, GDS, HAM17, PHQ, SCID, SCL-90, SGDS) do not reach 10% each.Counts% of TotalCumulative %GDS25.3 %5.3 %CES-D923.7 %28.9 %CIDI25.3 %34.2 %Diagnostic criteria1334.2 %68.4 %EURO-D12.6 %71.1 %PHQ25.3 %76.3 %GMS-AGECTA25.3 %81.6 %HAM-1712.6 %84.2 %Others615.8 %100 %ConclusionsThe diagnosis of depression continues to be made primarily using diagnostic criteria. It is striking that the most commonly used test is the CES-D, given that the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is usually the most popular scale for screening for late-life depression (Gana et al., 2017), which may be due to the fact that the studies analyzed have a more research than clinical purpose.ReferencesGana, K., Bailly, N., Broc, G., Cazauvieilh, C., & Boudouda, N. E. (2017). The Geriatric Depression Scale: does it measure depressive mood, depressive affect, or both?. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 32(10), 1150–1157.Vieira, E. R., Brown, E., & Raue, P. (2014). Depression in older adults: screening and referral. Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001), 37(1), 24–30.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Remote consultations in London – a comparison between mental health and cardiology pathways
Authors: Pinto da Costa M. ,   NIHR ARCs (Chris Chaloner, Nirandeep Rehill, Kristoffer Halvorsud, Rosalind Raine, Fiona Stevenson, Gabriele Kerr, Thomas Beaney, Geva Greenfield, Benedict Hayhoe, Ceire Costelloe, Massar Dabbous, Gideon Gideon, Eoin Gogarty, Fiona Gaughran)
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in March 2020 a shift to remote consulting for routine primary care and outpatient appointments was instructed. With the aim to inform whether and how remote consultations should continue post-pandemic, the London NIHR Applied Research Collaborations (ARCs) conducted a research-grade evaluation of the impact of this shift in London, focusing on cardiology and mental health as exemplar pathways.Quantitative methodology aimed to explore patterns of healthcare use, efficiency, and clinical outcomes using de-identified patient-level health records datasets in North-West London and South London.Qualitative interviews with clinicians and patients with experience in remote consultations sought to develop a more in-depth understanding of the experience of the move to remote consulting.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Diagnosis announcement among mothers of children with leukemia
Authors: Dhakouani S. , Karoui M. , Hamrouni N. , kammoun R. , Ellouze F. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe diagnosis of leukemia in a child is a difficult moment for the therapist and for the parents. Nevertheless, this moment is crucial and determining in the course of care and the therapeutic relationship.ObjectivesDetermine the quality of diagnosis announcement among mothers of children with leukemia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Aziza Othmana hospital department of haematology in Tunisia between June and July 2021.We have questioned the mothers about the announcement of the diagnosis: the space frame, the time provided and the availability of the doctor.ResultsWe included 31 mothers, their middle age was 41 years old. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most frequent type of cancer in our sample (94%).According to 4 mothers (13.3%), the diagnosis of leukemia was not announced before the start of treatment.The quality of the diagnostic announcement was judged to be good in 40% of cases (n=12), average in 12.7% (n=8) and mediocre in 20% of mothers (n=6).The space frame of the announcement was perceived as appropriate with respecting confidentiality in 18 mothers (69.2%).The time provided for the announcement was considered sufficient for 17 mothers (65.4%).The doctor who announced the diagnosis was described as available by 69.2% of the mothers and unavailable by 30.8% of the mothers.ConclusionsThe quality of the diagnosis announcement amoung mothers of children with leukemia in our context is not optimal. Oncologists must be trained in diagnostic announcement and must be aware of the importance of this moment in the subsequent therapeutic relationship.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared