bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative safety of adding serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) versus nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to short‐acting opioids for non‐malignant pain in nursing homes
Authors: Liu Shao‐Hsien , Yuan Yiyang , Baek Jonggyu , Nunes Anthony P. , Pawasauskas Jayne , Hume Anne L. , Lapane Kate L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe comparative safety of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) as adjuvants to short‐acting opioids in older adults is unknown even though SNRIs are commonly used. We compared the effects of SNRIs versus nonsteroidal anti‐Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on delirium among nursing home residents when SNRIs or NSAIDs were added to stable regimens of short‐acting opioids.MethodsUsing 2011–2016 national Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 and Medicare claims data to implement a new‐user design, we identified a cohort of nursing home residents receiving short‐acting opioids who initiated either an SNRI or an NSAID. Delirium was defined from the Confusion Assessment Method in MDS 3.0 assessments and ICD9/10 codes using Medicare hospitalization claims. Propensity score matching balanced underlying differences for initiating treatments on 39 demographic and clinical characteristics (nSNRIs = 5350; nNSAIDs = 5350). Fine and Gray models provided hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for the competing risk of death.ResultsHydrocodone was the most commonly used short‐acting opioid (48%). Residents received ~23 mg daily oral morphine equivalent at the time of SNRIs/NSAIDs initiation. The majority were women, non‐Hispanic White, and aged ≥75 years. There were no differences in any of the confounders after propensity matching. Over 1 year, 10.8% of SNRIs initiators and 8.9% of NSAIDs initiators developed delirium. The rate of delirium onset was similar in SNRIs and NSAID initiators (HR(delirium in nursing home or hospitalization for delirium):1.10; 95% CI: 0.97–1.24; HR(hospitalization for delirium): 1.06; 95% CI: 0.89–1.25), and were similar regardless of baseline opioid daily dosage.ConclusionsAmong nursing home residents, adding SNRIs to short‐acting opioids does not appear to increase risk of delirium relative to initiating NSAIDs. Understanding the comparative safety of pain regimens is needed to inform clinical decisions in a medically complex population often excluded from clinical research.
Language and Cultural Barriers and Facilitators of Sexual and Reproductive Health Care for Migrant Women in High‐Income European Countries: An Integrative Review
Authors: Barrio‐Ruiz Carmen , Ruiz de Viñaspre‐Hernandez Regina , Colaceci Sofia , Juarez‐Vela Raul , Santolalla‐Arnedo Ivan , Durante Angela , Di Nitto Marco 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionDealing with intercultural communicative barriers in European countries’ national health services is an increasing and necessary challenge to guarantee migrant women's right to health care. This integrative review describes the communication barriers and facilitators that migrant women encounter to access and use sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in Europe.MethodsA literature search was performed to identify original studies in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus, using keywords associated with migrant women and SRH services. This was supplemented by scanning the reference lists from relevant studies and similar reviews. Studies exploring the perspective of migrant women about communication barriers and facilitators to the access and use of SRH services were included, whereas those that solely explored health professional's experiences were excluded. Findings were organized into 4 themes: (1) verbal‐linguistic barriers, (2) nonverbal language barriers, (3) cultural barriers, and (4) communication facilitators.ResultsNineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that when women had problems understanding or being understood by health professionals, they experienced feelings of anxiety, fear, insecurity, and discrimination that discouraged them from using SRH services. The most requested facilitators by women were health education, access to professional interpreters and translation of written information, and increasing the practitioners’ cultural competence.DiscussionCommunication barriers undermine migrant women's right to benefit from preventive SRH programs and to make informed decisions concerning their health. It is necessary to establish tailored plans in each health care center to improve intercultural communication that integrate facilitators proposed by women. Future research should provide solid evidence on the effectiveness of each facilitator implemented.
Classification of gastrocnemius muscle hypertrophy for personalized botulinum toxin type A treatment
Authors: Liu Dandan , Xu Xiangwen , Wu Mengfan , Luo Lin , Feng Jun , Ou Yanting , Panayi Adriana C. , Long Yun , Cui Yongyan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOwing to its safety and convenience, botulinum toxin type A (BoNtA) has become a first‐choice treatment for contouring calf muscle asymmetries or deformities. Different injection methods and dosages have been discussed in the literature, but a standardized BoNtA treatment remains unclear.AimsThis study aimed to classify gastrocnemius muscle hypertrophy (GMH) through multiple measurements to provide a personalized BoNtA treatment protocol.MethodsThe measurements combining of gastrocnemius muscle (GM) contour, max leg circumference and GM thickness was applied to classify different type of GMH in a normal population. Based on these findings, a personalized BoNtA treatment protocol was determined and evaluated regarding max leg circumference, GM thickness, the position of max leg circumference, patient and doctor satisfaction rate, and complications.ResultsA total of 100 GMH were classified into two bulging types (bilateral‐bulging type and unilateral‐bulging type) and two categories (moderate GMH and severe GMH). 40 cases were treated with personalized BoNtA injection methods (“Even” or “Intense”method) and dosages (300 or 400 units). Follow‐up examinations at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Max leg circumference and GM thickness decreased significantly and the position of max leg circumference rose prominently during treatment (2.56 1.93; p 0.05). The overall patient satisfaction rate was 70%–100%. No serious complications occurred.ConclusionsWe identify four groups of GMH through several measurements and outline a personalized BoNtA treatment for each type. This recommended protocol may improve the therapeutic outcomes and patient satisfaction after treatment.
Harm, Then Good? How Work Meaningfulness Emerges from Doing Harm
Authors: Robertson Kirsten , Hannah David , Lautsch Brenda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMeaningful work has been identified as an important antecedent of an array of positive outcomes for both workers and their employers. However, many work roles involve harming others, an experience that has previously been linked to negative outcomes such as dissatisfaction and burnout. How does meaningfulness emerge when one's work includes such challenging circumstances? Drawing on interviews and observations in the veterinary industry, we elucidate new theory about the relationship between harm‐doing and the experience of meaningful work. Workers' interpretations of the worthiness of the harm, as well as the types of actions they take to remediate it, influence whether their involvement in harm‐doing episodes undermines or heightens their sense of meaningfulness. We further detail how dimensions of harm‐doing episodes shape opportunities for remediation, as well as whether the episodes ‘stick’ in workers' memories and hence figure into their ongoing, holistic accounts of work meaningfulness. Based on these findings, we introduce a novel ‘work‐bounded, worker‐centric’ view of meaningfulness that incorporates both the nature of work and workers' interpretations of it. Our research has implications for the work meaningfulness and workplace harm literatures, as well as for the many individuals whose work involves doing harm.
Survey Zoroastrians: Online Religious Identification in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Stausberg Michael , Tamimi Arab Pooyan , Maleki Ammar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article contributes to the internationalization of survey methodology by discussing a case from a totalitarian state, the Islamic Republic of Iran. In 2020, GAMAAN (The Group for Measuring and Analyzing Attitudes in Iran) conducted an online survey on religion. The survey had 50,000 participants, around 90 percent of whom lived in Iran. This article discusses the result that, after weighting, 8 percent identified as Zoroastrian—many times the number of Zoroastrians as recorded by scholarship on Iranian Zoroastrianism. We dub this phenomenon “Survey Zoroastrianism” and offer an explanation for this finding. After describing the position of Zoroastrianism in modern Iran and adding two further online surveys conducted by GAMAAN in 2022, we discuss the Survey Zoroastrians’ demographics and their religious and political views. The analysis shows that participating in surveys beyond the government's control provided affordances for performing alternative identity aspirations tied to notions of nationalism and civilizational heritage.
Soil organic matter dynamics mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi – an updated conceptual framework
Authors: Wu Songlin , Fu Wei , Rillig Matthias C. , Chen Baodong , Zhu Yong‐Guan , Huang Longbin 
Published: August 2023

SummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in soil organic matter (SOM) formation and stabilization. Previous studies have emphasized organic compounds produced by AM fungi as persistent binding agents for aggregate formation and SOM storage. This concept overlooks the multiple biogeochemical processes mediated by AM fungal activities, which drive SOM generation, reprocessing, reorganization, and stabilization. Here, we propose an updated conceptual framework to facilitate a mechanistic understanding of the role of AM fungi in SOM dynamics. In this framework, four pathways for AM fungi‐mediated SOM dynamics are included: ‘Generating’, AM fungal exudates and biomass serve as key sources of SOM chemodiversity; ‘Reprocessing’, hyphosphere microorganisms drive SOM decomposition and resynthesis; ‘Reorganizing’, AM fungi mediate soil physical changes and influence SOM transport, redistribution, transformation, and storage; and ‘Stabilizing’, AM fungi drive mineral weathering and organo–mineral interactions for SOM stabilization. Moreover, we discuss the AM fungal role in SOM dynamics at different scales, especially when translating results from small scales to complex larger scales. We believe that working with this conceptual framework can allow a better understanding of AM fungal role in SOM dynamics, therefore facilitating the development of mycorrhiza‐based technologies toward soil health and global change mitigation.
Engineering homoeologs provide a fine scale for quantitative traits in polyploid
Authors: Lee Eun Song , Heo Jung , Bang Woo Young , Chougule Kapeel M. , Waminal Nomar Espinosa , Hong Nguyen Thi , Kim Min Ji , Beak Hong Kwan , Kim Yong Jun , Priatama Ryza A. , Jang Ji In , Cha Kang Il , Son Seung Han , Rajendran Sujeevan , Choo Young‐Kug , Bae Jong Hyang , Kim Chul Min , Lee Young Koung , Bae Sangsu , Jones Jonathan D. G. , Sohn Kee Hoon , Lee Jiyoung , Kim Hyun Hee , Hong Jong Chan , Ware Doreen , Kim Keunhwa , Park Soon Ju 
Published: August 2023

SummaryNumerous staple crops exhibit polyploidy and are difficult to genetically modify. However, recent advances in genome sequencing and editing have enabled polyploid genome engineering. The hexaploid black nightshade species Solanum nigrum has immense potential as a beneficial food supplement. We assembled its genome at the scaffold level. After functional annotations, we identified homoeologous gene sets, with similar sequence and expression profiles, based on comparative analyses of orthologous genes with close diploid relatives Solanum americanum and S. lycopersicum. Using CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis, we generated various mutation combinations in homoeologous genes. Multiple mutants showed quantitative phenotypic changes based on the genotype, resulting in a broad‐spectrum effect on the quantitative traits of hexaploid S. nigrum. Furthermore, we successfully improved the fruit productivity of Boranong, an orphan cultivar of S. nigrum suggesting that engineering homoeologous genes could be useful for agricultural improvement of polyploid crops.
Efficiency of indirect selection for fusarium head blight resistance and mycotoxin accumulation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Michel Sebastian , Steiner Barbara , Buerstmayr Hermann 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat and can lead to significant yield losses as well as a contamination of the crop with mycotoxins that are a major concern in cereal‐based food and feed products. The aims of this study were thus to investigate the relationship between resistance against multiple Fusarium species and to assess the potential of an indirect phenotypic and genomic selection for the resistance against the accumulation of several mycotoxins in wheat. Strong phenotypic and genetic correlations between the mycotoxin contents, FHB severity and FHB‐associated traits were observed, irrespective of if traits were assessed in trials inoculated with a DON or HT‐2/T‐2 producing Fusarium species. A multi‐stage phenotypic or genomic selection with low anther retention being used for an indirect selection among early generation selection candidates, followed by an evaluation of the pre‐selected set in disease nurseries, and lastly by assessing the mycotoxin content of the most promising genotypes is suggested as a suitable strategy to breed for wheat cultivars with reduced risk of mycotoxin accumulation.
Potato cyst nematodes: A persistent and fearsome foe
Authors: Orlando Valeria , Boa Eric 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNematodes, commonly called roundworms, represent one of the largest phyla of animals. Plant‐parasitic nematodes cause significant economic losses in major crops worldwide, and cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp. and Globodera spp.) are among the most damaging species. This review focuses on three main species, Globodera pallida, Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera ellingtonae, collectively known as potato cyst nematodes (PCNs). G. rostochiensis and G. pallida are the most commonly occurring species in potato‐growing areas and are considered to have originated from the Andes region in South America and introduced then to Europe in the 1850s and now occur globally in more than 75 countries. PCNs feed entirely inside the root and produce distinctive cysts containing eggs. PCNs reduce root development, stunt the growth of potato plants and ultimately lead to the production of fewer and smaller tubers. PCNs are feared because of their ability to survive for up to 40 years in the soil in the absence of potatoes, and once established they are incredibly difficult to eradicate. Five case studies in this review provide an historical overview of how scientists and potato experts have responded to PCN pandemics and the effectiveness of management strategies.
A multiscale predictive digital twin for neurocardiac modulation
Authors: Yang Pei‐Chi , Rose Adam , DeMarco Kevin R. , Dawson John R. D. , Han Yanxiao , Jeng Mao‐Tsuen , Harvey Robert D. , Santana L. Fernando , Ripplinger Crystal M. , Vorobyov Igor , Lewis Timothy J. , Clancy Colleen E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCardiac function is tightly regulated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Activation of the sympathetic nervous system increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate and stroke volume, while parasympathetic nerve stimulation instantly slows heart rate. Importantly, imbalance in autonomic control of the heart has been implicated in the development of arrhythmias and heart failure. Understanding of the mechanisms and effects of autonomic stimulation is a major challenge because synapses in different regions of the heart result in multiple changes to heart function. For example, nerve synapses on the sinoatrial node (SAN) impact pacemaking, while synapses on contractile cells alter contraction and arrhythmia vulnerability. Here, we present a multiscale neurocardiac modelling and simulator tool that predicts the effect of efferent stimulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS on the cardiac SAN and ventricular myocardium. The model includes a layered representation of the ANS and reproduces firing properties measured experimentally. Model parameters are derived from experiments and atomistic simulations. The model is a first prototype of a digital twin that is applied to make predictions across all system scales, from subcellular signalling to pacemaker frequency to tissue level responses. We predict conditions under which autonomic imbalance induces proarrhythmia and can be modified to prevent or inhibit arrhythmia. In summary, the multiscale model constitutes a predictive digital twin framework to test and guide high‐throughput prediction of novel neuromodulatory therapy.imageKey pointsA multi‐layered model representation of the autonomic nervous system that includes sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, each with sparse random intralayer connectivity, synaptic dynamics and conductance based integrate‐and‐fire neurons generates firing patterns in close agreement with experiment.A key feature of the neurocardiac computational model is the connection between the autonomic nervous system and both pacemaker and contractile cells, where modification to pacemaker frequency drives initiation of electrical signals in the contractile cells.We utilized atomic‐scale molecular dynamics simulations to predict the association and dissociation rates of noradrenaline with the β‐adrenergic receptor.Multiscale predictions demonstrate how autonomic imbalance may increase proclivity to arrhythmias or be used to terminate arrhythmias.The model serves as a first step towards a digital twin for predicting neuromodulation to prevent or reduce disease.
SIRT1 induction in the skeletal muscle of male mice partially preserves limb muscle mass but not contractile force in response to androgen deprivation
Authors: Gordon Bradley S. , Burns Patrick K. , Laskin Grant R. , Dunlap Kirsten R. , Boykin Jake R. , Rossetti Michael L. , Fukuda David H. , Steiner Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn males, the factors that decrease limb muscle mass and strength in response to androgen deprivation are largely unknown. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) protein levels are lower in the limb muscle of male mice subjected to androgen deprivation. The present study aimed to assess whether SIRT1 induction preserved limb muscle mass and force production in response to androgen deprivation. Physically mature male mice containing an inducible muscle‐specific SIRT1 transgene were subjected to a sham or castration surgery and compared to sham and castrated male mice where the SIRT1 transgene was not induced. SIRT1 induction partially preserved whole‐body lean mass, tibialis anterior (TA) mass and triceps surae muscle mass in response to castration. Further analysis of the TA muscle showed that muscle‐specific SIRT1 induction partially preserved limb muscle soluble protein content and fibre cross‐sectional area. Unilateral AAV9‐mediated SIRT1 induction in the TA muscle showed that SIRT1 partially preserved mass by acting directly in the muscle. Despite those positive outcomes to limb muscle morphology, muscle‐specific SIRT1 induction did not preserve the force generating capacity of the TA or triceps surae muscles. Interestingly, SIRT1 induction in females did not alter limb muscle mass or limb muscle strength even though females have naturally low androgen levels. SIRT1 also did not alter the androgen‐mediated increase in limb muscle mass or strength in females. In all, these data suggest that decreases in SIRT1 protein in the limb muscle of males may partially contribute to the loss of limb muscle mass in response to androgen deprivation.
imageKey points
SIRT1 induction in skeletal muscle of male mice subjected to androgen deprivation partially preserved limb muscle mass and fibre cross‐sectional area.
SIRT1 induction in skeletal muscle of male mice subjected to androgen deprivation did not prevent preserve limb muscle force generating capacity.
SIRT1 induction in skeletal muscle of females did not alter baseline limb muscle mass, nor did it affect the androgen‐mediated increase in limb muscle mass.
Draft genome sequence of type strain
Streptomyces brasiliscabiei
IBSBF 2867
T
Authors: Corrêa Daniele Bussioli Alves , Vitor Lucas , Amaral Danilo Trabuco do , Ferreira-Tonin Mariana , Destéfano Suzete Aparecida Lanza 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Streptomyces
IBSBF 2867
T
, associated with potato scab in Brazil. Genome analysis using the antiSMASH bioinformatics tool showed the presence of phytopathogenic biosynthetic pathways.
Barriers and facilitators in providing home-based rehabilitation for stroke survivors with severe disability in the UK: an online focus group study with multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams
Authors: Fisher Rebecca J , Russell Lal , Riley-Bennett Frances , Cameron Trudi , Walker Marion , Sackley Cath 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesIn the UK, over 20% of stroke survivors leave hospital with severe disability. Limited evidence-based clinical guidance is available to support the rehabilitation of these individuals. Our previous research has focused on establishing consensus regarding the core components of home-based rehabilitation for this under investigated group. This study explores the barriers of providing rehabilitation and identifies strategies to overcome them.DesignThree focus group interviews were conducted with n=20. The context coding framework was employed to organise the transcribed data and to facilitate inductive and deductive analysis and synthesis.SettingOnline, MSTeams, UK.ParticipantsA purposive sample of 20 National Health Service clinical staff participants, from 3 multidisciplinary teams providing home-based stroke rehabilitation for this population (n=7, 6 and 7).ResultsHigh levels of need were reported across multiple domains for survivors including continence, communication and physical function. Interventions often required multiagency collaboration in order to optimise the available resources and specialist skills. There was lack of clarity regarding who was ultimately responsible for providing components of rehabilitation for stroke survivors with severe disability. Teams provide rehabilitation for this population but are insufficiently commissioned or resourced to fully meet their needs. In-complete and disjointed pathways with resultant healthcare inequalities were commonly reported. Teams used a variety of strategies to overcome these barriers and optimise rehabilitation opportunities. These included upskilling a diverse range of partners to capitalise on the skills and resources across health, social care and voluntary sector boundaries employing multiagency collaboration. Teams established and engaged networks of stakeholders in order to advocate on behalf of stroke survivors.ConclusionsCollaboration and partnership working is important in the delivery of rehabilitation for stroke survivors with severe disability. Commissioners need to be aware that cross-agency multidisciplinary expertise is required, if rehabilitation opportunities are to be realised and existing health inequalities addressed.