bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal androgen excess inhibits fetal cardiomyocytes proliferation through RB-mediated cell cycle arrest and induces cardiac hypertrophy in adulthood
Authors: Huo Y. , Wang W. , Zhang J. , Xu D. , Bai F. , Gui Y. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Maternal hyperandrogenism during pregnancy is associated with adverse gestational outcomes and chronic non-communicable diseases in offspring. However, few studies are reported to demonstrate the association between maternal androgen excess and cardiac health in offspring. This study aimed to explore the relation between androgen exposure in utero and cardiac health of offspring in fetal and adult period. Its underlying mechanism is also illustrated in this research.

Methods
Pregnant mice were injected with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from gestational day (GD) 16.5 to GD18.5. On GD18.5, fetal heart tissue was collected for metabolite and morphological analysis. The hearts from adult offspring were also collected for morphological and qPCR analysis. H9c2 cells were treated with 75 μM androsterone. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, qPCR, and western blot were performed to observe cell proliferation and explore the underlying mechanism.

Results
Intrauterine exposure to excessive androgen led to thinner ventricular wall, decreased number of cardiomyocytes in fetal offspring and caused cardiac hypertrophy, compromised cardiac function in adult offspring. The analysis of steroid hormone metabolites in fetal heart tissue by ultra performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry showed that the content of androgen metabolite androsterone was significantly increased. Mechanistically, H9c2 cells treated with androsterone led to a significant decrease in phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and cell cycle-related protein including cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and cyclin D1 (CCND1) in cardiomyocytes. This resulted in cell cycle arrest at G1–S phase, which in turn inhibited cardiomyocyte proliferation.

Conclusion
Taken together, our results indicate that in utero exposure to DHT, its metabolite androsterone could directly decrease cardiomyocytes proliferation through cell cycle arrest, which has a life-long-lasting effect on cardiac health. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring sex hormones in women during pregnancy and the follow-up of cardiac function in offspring with high risk of intrauterine androgen exposure.
Spectrophotometric analysis of purple urine secondary to methylene blue and hydroxocobalamin co-administration
Authors: Hardin Jeremy , Galust Henrik , Clark Richard Franklin , Ly Binh , Suhandynata Raymond Theodore 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The development of purple urine after methylene blue (methylthioninium chloride) and hydroxocobalamin co-administration is a rare clinical entity that has not been fully elucidated. A 47-year-old male presented to the emergency department with hypotension, cyanosis, and depressed mental status. The patient was noted to have profound peripheral and central cyanosis, as well as chocolate-colored arterial blood. He was treated with both methylene blue and hydroxocobalamin and developed purple urine for approximately 1 week.

Methods
Color chromatography was performed by placing the patient’s urine directly onto absorbent filter paper. Urine spectrophotometry was performed utilizing the NanoDrop One/One C UV–Vis Spectrophotometer.

Results
Color chromatography of the urine was demonstrated clear separation of distinct red and blue phases. Urine spectrophotometry demonstrated near perfect overlap between the methylene blue + hydroxocobalamin absorbance spectrum and the patient’s purple urine absorbance spectrum.

Conclusion
Purple urine secondary to methylene blue and hydroxocobalamin co-administration is due to combined urinary excretion of methylene blue (blue) and hydroxocobalamin (red), and not a novel purple metabolite. We anticipate that this is going to be an increasingly common clinical entity as the roles of both hydroxocobalamin and methylene blue expand from toxicologic antidotes to adjunct therapies for vasoplegia, poor cardiac output, and sepsis.
Virtual Gas Turbines: A novel flow network solver formulation for the automated design-analysis of secondary air system
Authors: Kulkarni D.Y. , di Mare L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe complex and iterative workflow for designing the secondary air system (SAS) of a gas turbine engine still largely depends on human expertise and hence requires long lead times and incurs high design time-cost. This paper proposes an automated methodology to generate the whole-engine SAS flow network model from the engine geometry model and presents a convenient and inter-operable framework of the secondary air system modeller. The SAS modeller transforms the SAS cavities and flow paths into a 1D flow network model composed of nodes and links. The novel, object-oriented pre-processor embedded in the SAS modeller automatically assembles the conservation equations for all flow nodes and the loss correlations for all links. The twin-level, hierarchical SAS solver then solves the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy supplemented with the correlations in the loss model library. The modelling swiftness, mathematical robustness and numerical stability of the present methodology are demonstrated through the results obtained from IP compressor rotor drum flow network model.
Reproducing Responsible Gambling through Codes of Conduct: The Role of Trade Associations and Codes of Conduct in Shaping Risk Regulation
Authors: Casey Donal 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOnline gambling emerged in the 1990s in the midst of a process of market liberalisation. Here, scholars have argued that the gambling industry actively seeks state regulation to authorise and legitimate its activities. Why then, since the emergence of the online gambling industry, have trade associations continually sought to develop responsible gambling codes of conduct? In this paper, I address this puzzle by documenting and tracing the development and deployment of responsible gambling codes of conduct by trade associations from the emergence of the online gambling industry in the early 1990s and through processes of increased market liberalisation at the national level and market integration at the European Union level. I argue that online gambling trade associations deploy responsible gambling codes of conduct at particular moments of opportunity to shape their members’ external legal and regulatory environment and to reproduce and embed a particular understanding of how gambling-related risks should be regulated.
Facial Recognition in War Contexts: Mass Surveillance and Mass Atrocity
Authors: Espindola Juan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of facial recognition technology (FRT) as a form of intelligence has recently made a prominent public appearance in the theater of war. During the early months of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Ukrainian authorities relied on FRT as part of the country's defensive activities, harnessing the technology for a variety of purposes, such as unveiling covert Russian agents operating amid the Ukrainian population; revealing the identity of Russian soldiers who committed war crimes; and even identifying dead Russian soldiers. This constellation of uses of FRT—in a war increasingly waged on the digital and information front—warrants ethical examination. The essay discusses some of the most serious concerns with FRT in the context of war, including the infringement of informational privacy; the indiscriminate and disproportionate harms it may inflict, particularly when the technology is coupled with social media intelligence; and the potential abuse of the technology once the fog of war dissipates. Some of these concerns parallel those to be found in nations that are not engulfed in war, but others are unique to war-torn settings.
Technology in Espionage and Counterintelligence: Some Cautionary Lessons from Armed Conflict
Authors: Leveringhaus Alex 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis essay contends that the ethics around the use of spy technology to gather intelligence (TECHINT) during espionage and counterintelligence operations is ambiguous. To build this argument, the essay critically scrutinizes Cécile Fabre's recent and excellent book Spying through a Glass Darkly, which argues that there are no ethical differences between the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) obtained from or by human assets and TECHINT in these operations. As the essay explains, Fabre arrives at this position by treating TECHINT as a like-for-like replacement for HUMINT. The essay argues instead that TECHINT is unlikely to act as a like-for-like replacement for HUMINT. As such, TECHINT might transform existing practices of espionage and counterintelligence, giving rise to new ethical challenges not captured in Fabre's analysis. To illustrate the point, the essay builds an analogy between TECHINT and recent armed conflicts in which precision weapons have been deployed. Although precision weapons seem ethically desirable, their availability has created new practices of waging war that are ethically problematic. By analogy, TECHINT, though not intrinsically undesirable, has the capacity to generate new practices of intelligence gathering that are ethically problematic—potentially more than HUMINT. Ultimately, recent negative experiences with the use of precision weaponry should caution against an overly positive assessment of TECHINT's ethical desirability.
Structural breaks in seemingly unrelated regression models
Authors: Parsaeian Shahnaz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper develops an efficient Stein-like shrinkage estimator for estimating slope parameters under structural breaks in seemingly unrelated regression models, which is then used for forecasting. The proposed method is a weighted average of two estimators: a restricted estimator that estimates the parameters under the restriction of no break in the coefficients, and an unrestricted estimator that considers break points and estimates the parameters using the observations within each regime. It is established that the asymptotic risk of the Stein-like shrinkage estimator is smaller than that of the unrestricted estimator, which is the method typically used to estimate the slope coefficients under structural breaks. Furthermore, this paper proposes an averaging minimal mean squared error estimator in which the averaging weight is derived by minimizing its asymptotic risk. Insights from the theoretical analysis are demonstrated in Monte Carlo simulations and through an empirical example of forecasting output growth of G7 countries.
Cathedral Growth: How the Rest of the Church of England Can Join In: Away from Polarization and Towards a New Mixed Ecology for Growth
Authors: Mumford Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In light of current debates and historical precedent, this article rejects polarized approaches to growth in the Church of England. Instead, it points towards the significant numerical growth experienced by English cathedrals as evidence for the fruits of a mixed practice approach. Analysing the growth experienced by cathedrals in recent years, it is posed that, combined with rootedness in place and local identity, a mixed practice approach could be a model for a well-functioning mixed ecology, and a growing Church.
Effects of paraquat application at cover crop planting on cover crop biomass and weed suppression
Authors: Sias Cynthia , Bamber Kevin W. , Kumar Vipin , Singh Vijay , Flessner Michael L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSuccessful cover crop (CC) establishment in the fall is important to maximize CC production, which is critical for achieving many objectives of CCs. Competition from winter weeds may reduce CC establishment and biomass production. A preplant herbicide, such as paraquat, at the time of CC planting in the fall will reduce winter weed pressure resulting in better establishment and growth. An experiment was conducted between 2019 and 2021 to test this hypothesis by evaluating a no-CC check, cereal rye, hairy vetch, crimson clover, and cereal rye + hairy vetch drilled with and without paraquat applied at planting (mid-October to mid-November) following either a corn or soybean crop. Visible weed suppression ratings were collected in mid-April, and total CC and weed biomass was collected in late April. More CC biomass was accumulated following corn than soybean, regardless of preplant herbicide application, because corn is typically harvested before soybeans. Therefore, CCs should be planted early to accumulate more biomass. Weed suppression varied by weed species from all factors, but in general weed suppression was best from a CC mixture containing cereal rye and paraquat applied at planting. If weed suppression is the main goal of the CC, then a preplant herbicide at CC planting is recommended. However, if CC weed suppression goals can be achieved through biomass accumulation, no preplant herbicide is needed. This information is useful for producers to achieve various CC objectives while managing costs.
A Numerical Modeling Approach for Better Differentiation of Boulders Transported by a Tsunami, Storm, and Storm‐Induced Energetic Infragravity Waves
Authors: Watanabe Masashi , Goto Kazuhisa , Roeber Volker , Kan Hironobu , Imamura Fumihiko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCoastal boulders are often indicators of past extreme wave events. In fact, the coastal boulder distribution induced by infragravity‐dominated storm waves (energetic IG waves) may be similar to that induced by tsunamis; however, this assumption is yet to be investigated. We show that the factors responsible for generating energetic IG waves under storm scenarios are not identical to those affecting the boulders' transport distances. Our results indicate that the storm waves typically only transport boulders over short distances as compared to boulders deposited by tsunamis, even when energetic IG waves are being generated. When the dimensionless transport distance of a boulder (=transport distance of a boulder/offshore wave height) is less than 4.0 × 10 over planar topography and 3.0 × 10 over reef topography, both waves can potentially be responsible for the transport distance. In this case, whether a reasonably‐sized storm or tsunami can explain a boulder location in a study area should be investigated through detailed numerical modeling. We found a clear relationship between the dimensionless transport distance of tsunami boulders and the Iribarren number, and it is plausible to directly estimate offshore wave height or wavelength from the tsunami boulder distribution and beach slope without numerical simulation.
Can Mud Deposits Indicate Inundation Extent of Paleotsunamis? Insights From Sediment‐Transport Simulations for Sand and Mud
Authors: Watanabe Masashi , Goto Kazuhisa , Abe Tomoya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractField surveys following the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami showed that mud tsunami deposits reached close to the tsunami inundation limit. However, the factors controlling the distribution of mud tsunami deposits remained unclear. We investigated these influencing factors by numerically simulating sand and mud transport after validating the tsunami inundation and distributions of sand and mud deposits during the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami based on our sensitivity analysis of parameters used in the mud and sand sediment simulations. We have revealed that when the source of mud sediments is only on the seafloor (i.e., no terrestrial source), mud is deposited along less than 10% of the inundation distance. In contrast, if a terrestrial source of mud is present, mud deposits can cover 100% of the inundation distance. We have also revealed that mud sediments are not formed when topographic slopes are steep (1/20–1/500), irrespective of a terrestrial mud source, because flow stagnation does not occur. Therefore, to reproduce past inundation ranges of tsunamis from the distribution of mud deposits, two conditions are required: (a) regions with onshore mud sediments and (b) a gentle topographic slope (around 1/1,000) to allow for long‐time (more than 100 min) flow stagnation.
A robust lateral shift free (LSF) electrothermal micromirror with flexible multimorph beams
Authors: Yang Hengzhang , Ren Anrun , Ding Yingtao , Xiao Lei , Pan Teng , Yan Yangyang , Jiao Wenlong , Xie Huikai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElectrothermal bimorph-based scanning micromirrors typically employ standard silicon dioxide (SiO2) as the electrothermal isolation material. However, due to the brittle nature of SiO2, such micromirrors may be incapable to survive even slight collisions, which greatly limits their application range. To improve the robustness of electrothermal micromirrors, a polymer material is incorporated and partially replaces SiO2as the electrothermal isolation and anchor material. In particular, photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) is used, which also simplifies the fabrication process. Here, PSPI-based electrothermal micromirrors have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The PSPI-type micromirrors achieved an optical scan angle of ±19.6° and a vertical displacement of 370 μm at only 4 Vdc. With a mirror aperture size of 1 mm × 1 mm, the PSPI-type micromirrors survived over 200 g accelerations from either vertical or lateral directions in impact experiments. In the drop test, the PSPI-type micromirrors survived falls to a hard floor from heights up to 21 cm. In the standard frequency sweeping vibration test, the PSPI-type micromirrors survived 21 g and 29 g acceleration in the vertical and lateral vibrations, respectively. In all these tests, the PSPI-type micromirrors demonstrated at least 4 times better robustness than SiO2-type micromirrors fabricated in the same batch.
Loss of NDUFS1 promotes gastric cancer progression by activating the mitochondrial ROS-HIF1α-FBLN5 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Dongbao , Wang Yunliang , Shen Xiaochun , Dong Anqi , Dong Chao , Duan Kaipeng , Ren Jiayu , Li Weikang , Shu Gege , Yang Jiaoyang , Xie Yufeng , Qian Fuliang , Zhou Jin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Recent studies suggested that NDUFS1 has an important role in human cancers; however, the effects of NDUFS1 on gastric cancer (GC) are still not fully understood.

Methods
We confirmed that NDUFS1 is downregulated in GC cells through western blot immunohistochemistry and bioinformation analysis. The effect of NDUFS1 on GC was studied by CCK-8, colony formation, transwell assay in vitro and Mouse xenograft assay in vivo. Expression and subcellular localization of NDUFS1 and the content of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) was observed by confocal reflectance microscopy.

Results
Reduced expression of NDUFS1 was found in GC tissues and cell lines. Also, NDUFS1 overexpression inhibited GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro as well as growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, NDUFS1 reduction led to the activation of the mROS-hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) signaling pathway. We further clarified that NDUFS1 reduction upregulated the expression of fibulin 5 (FBLN5), a transcriptional target of HIF1α, through activation of mROS-HIF1α signaling in GC cells.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that NDUFS1 downregulation promotes GC progression by activating an mROS-HIF1α-FBLN5 signaling pathway.
Diagnostic implications of pitfalls in causal variant identification based on 4577 molecularly characterized families
Authors: AlAbdi Lama , Maddirevula Sateesh , Shamseldin Hanan E. , Khouj Ebtissal , Helaby Rana , Hamid Halima , Almulhim Aisha , Hashem Mais O. , Abdulwahab Firdous , Abouyousef Omar , Alqahtani Mashael , Altuwaijri Norah , Jaafar Amal , Alshidi Tarfa , Alzahrani Fatema ,   Mendeliome Group, Al-Sagheir Afaf I. , Mansour Ahmad M. , Alawaji Ali , Aldhilan Amal , Alhashem Amal , Alhemidan Amal , Nabil Amira , Khan Arif O. , Aljohar Aziza , Alsaleem Badr , Tabarki Brahim , Lourenco Charles Marques , Faqeih Eissa , AlShail Essam , Almesaifri Fatima , Mutairi Fuad Al , Alzaidan Hamad , Morsy Heba , Alshihry Hind , Alkuraya Hisham , Girisha Katta Mohan , Al-Fayez Khawla , Al-Rubeaan Khalid , kraoua Lilia , Alnemer Maha , Tulbah Maha , Zaki Maha S. , Alfadhel Majid , Abouelhoda Mohammed , Nezarati Marjan M. , Al-Qattan Mohammad , Shboul Mohammad , Abanemai Mohammed , Al-Muhaizea Mohammad A. , Al-owain Mohammed , Bafaqeeh Mohammed Sameer , Alshammari Muneera , Abukhalid Musaad , Alsahan Nada , Derar Nada , Meriki Neama , Bohlega Saeed A. , Tala Saeed Al , Alhassan Saad , Wali Sami , Mohamed Sarar , Coskun Serdar , Saadeh Sermin , Tkemaladze Tinatin , Kurdi Wesam , Alhumaidi Zainab Ahmed , Rahbeeni Zuhair , Alkuraya Fowzan S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite large sequencing and data sharing efforts, previously characterized pathogenic variants only account for a fraction of Mendelian disease patients, which highlights the need for accurate identification and interpretation of novel variants. In a large Mendelian cohort of 4577 molecularly characterized families, numerous scenarios in which variant identification and interpretation can be challenging are encountered. We describe categories of challenges that cover the phenotype (e.g. novel allelic disorders), pedigree structure (e.g. imprinting disorders masquerading as autosomal recessive phenotypes), positional mapping (e.g. double recombination events abrogating candidate autozygous intervals), gene (e.g. novel gene-disease assertion) and variant (e.g. complex compound inheritance). Overall, we estimate a probability of 34.3% for encountering at least one of these challenges. Importantly, our data show that by only addressing non-sequencing-based challenges, around 71% increase in the diagnostic yield can be expected. Indeed, by applying these lessons to a cohort of 314 cases with negative clinical exome or genome reports, we could identify the likely causal variant in 54.5%. Our work highlights the need to have a thorough approach to undiagnosed diseases by considering a wide range of challenges rather than a narrow focus on sequencing technologies. It is hoped that by sharing this experience, the yield of undiagnosed disease programs globally can be improved.
Drug classification with a spectral barcode obtained with a smartphone Raman spectrometer
Authors: Kim Un Jeong , Lee Suyeon , Kim Hyochul , Roh Yeongeun , Han Seungju , Kim Hojung , Park Yeonsang , Kim Seokin , Chung Myung Jin , Son Hyungbin , Choo Hyuck 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMeasuring, recording and analyzing spectral information of materials as its unique finger print using a ubiquitous smartphone has been desired by scientists and consumers. We demonstrated it as drug classification by chemical components with smartphone Raman spectrometer. The Raman spectrometer is based on the CMOS image sensor of the smartphone with a periodic array of band pass filters, capturing 2D Raman spectral intensity map, newly defined as spectral barcode in this work. Here we show 11 major components of drugs are classified with high accuracy, 99.0%, with the aid of convolutional neural network (CNN). The beneficial of spectral barcodes is that even brand name of drug is distinguishable and major component of unknown drugs can be identified. Combining spectral barcode with information obtained by red, green and blue (RGB) imaging system or applying image recognition techniques, this inherent property based labeling system will facilitate fundamental research and business opportunities.