bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of post‐retirement financial market participation on retirement income sufficiency in Australia
Authors: Xu Xiaobo , Fang Jiali , Young Martin , Zou Liping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing HILDA survey data, we document a strong positive relationship between post‐retirement financial market participation and retiree income sufficiency in Australia. We find a 17% improvement in the income replacement ratio and a 3.26 times higher annuitised net wealth for financial market participants compared to non‐participants. We further investigate how age, residence area, relationship status, education, health, and employment affect the main finding in all and female retirees. The results highlight the value of financial market participation in facilitating household retirement security and provide further support for the active promotion of household financial market participation, both in Australia and globally.
The Cdk5 inhibitor β‐butyrolactone impairs reconsolidation of heroin‐associated memory in the rat basolateral amygdala
Authors: Li Haoyu , Zhao Haiting , Hu Ting , Meng Li , Mo Xin , Gong Mengqi , Liao Yiwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe persistence of maladaptive heroin‐associated memory, which is triggered by drug‐related stimuli that remind the individual of the drug's pleasurable and rewarding effects, can impede abstinence efforts. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a neuronal serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in multiple neuronal functions, has been demonstrated to be involved in drug addiction and learning and memory. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of cdk5 activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in relapse to heroin seeking, using a self‐administration rat model. Male rats underwent 10 days of heroin self‐administration training, during which an active nose poke resulted in an intravenous infusion of heroin that was accompanied by a cue. The rats then underwent nose poke extinction for 10 days, followed by subsequent tests of heroin‐seeking behaviour. We found that intra‐BLA infusion of β‐butyrolactone (100 ng/side), a Cdk5 inhibitor, administered 5 min after reactivation, led to a subsequent decrease in heroin‐seeking behaviour. Further experiments demonstrated that the effects of β‐butyrolactone are dependent on reactivated memories, temporal‐specific and long‐lasting on relapse of heroin‐associated memory. Results provide suggestive evidence that the activity of Cdk5 in BLA is critical for heroin‐associated memory and that the specific inhibitor, β‐butyrolactone, may hold potential as a substance for the treatment of heroin abuse.
Fence‐related mortalities of Temminck's pangolin (Smutsia temminckii) in South Africa quantified through a citizen science approach
Authors: Stracquadanio Leandra , Penny Samuel , Ganswindt André , Burnside Niall , Tolhurst Bryony 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFence mortalities threaten Temminck's pangolin (Smutsia temminckii) in South Africa. Temminck's pangolins are bipedal, which leads to contact between their unprotected abdomens and electrified wires. We report findings of an online survey of landowners, managers and conservationists to investigate associations between mortalities, fence type and fence perimeter‐area ratio, and between mortalities and concern level reported by respondents. Of 14 recorded taxa, pangolins were the second most reported mortalities, with ground‐level electric wired fences having a larger negative impact than other fence types.
Association between socioeconomic status with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: An international multicenter cohort
Authors: Maher Gillian M. , Ward Liam J. , Hernandez Leah , Kublickas Marius , Duvekot Johannes J. , McCarthy Fergus P. , Khashan Ali S. , Kublickiene Karolina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionPrevious evidence examining the association between socioeconomic status and pregnancy complications are conflicted and often limited to using area‐based measures of socioeconomic status. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between individual‐level socioeconomic factors and a wide range of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes using data from the IMPROvED birth cohort conducted in Sweden, the Netherlands and Republic of Ireland.Material and methodsThe study cohort consisted of women who participated in the IMPROvED birth cohort between 2013 and 2017. Data on socioeconomic factors were self‐reported and obtained at 15 weeks' gestation, and included level of education, employment status, relationship status, and income. Data on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes included gestational hypertension, pre‐eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, emergency cesarean section, preterm birth, post term delivery, small for gestational age and Apgar score at 1 min. These data were obtained within 72 h following delivery and confirmed using medical records. Multivariable logistic regression examined the association between each socioeconomic variable and each outcome separately adjusting for maternal age, maternal body mass index, maternal smoking, maternal alcohol consumption and cohort center. We also examined the effect of exposure to any ≥2 risk factors compared to none.ResultsA total of 2879 participants were included. Adjusted results suggested that those with less than third level of education had an increased odds of gestational hypertension (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.23–2.46), while those on a middle level of income had a reduced odds of emergency cesarean section (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42–0.84). No significant associations were observed between socioeconomic variables and neonatal outcomes. Exposure to any ≥2 socioeconomic risk factors was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.06–2.89).ConclusionsWe did not find strong evidence of associations between individual‐level socioeconomic factors and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in high‐income settings overall, with only few significant associations observed among pregnancy outcomes.
Children with cystic fibrosis are still receiving inconclusive diagnosis despite undergoing newborn screening
Authors: Loukou Ioanna , Moustaki Maria , Douros Konstantinos 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimWe aimed to familiarise clinicians with the terms cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) and cystic fibrosis screen positive inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID). We also sought to highlight the monitoring and outcomes of children that match these designations.MethodsA literature review was performed by searching PubMed from its inception until 30 November 2022. All relevant articles were included in this narrative review.ResultsDespite the implementation of newborn screening programmes for cystic fibrosis (CF), the diagnosis remains uncertain in some newborn infants with elevated immunoreactive trypsinogen. In 2016, a unified definition for CRMS/CFSPID was established to categorise these children. While many of them remain healthy, a portion of these children may develop CF. As a result, it is crucial to monitor them regularly.ConclusionCRMS/CFSPID is a designation and not a diagnosis. Longer longitudinal studies are needed to shed light on the most appropriate follow‐up of these children. Paediatricians need to be knowledgeable about this condition in order to administer proper care, and children should be in contact with their local CF centre.
Review article: Emerging and current management of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Butt Mohsin F. , Jalan Rajiv 
Published: August 2023

SummaryBackgroundAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinically and pathophysiologically distinct condition from acutely decompensated cirrhosis and is characterised by systemic inflammation, extrahepatic organ failure, and high short‐term mortality.AimsTo provide a narrative review of the diagnostic criteria, prognosis, epidemiology, and general management principles of ACLF. Four specific interventions that are explored in detail are intravenous albumin, extracorporeal liver assist devices, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor, and liver transplantation.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for articles published up to July 2023.ResultsApproximately 35% of hospital inpatients with decompensated cirrhosis have ACLF. There is significant heterogeneity in the criteria used to diagnose ACLF; different definitions identify different phenotypes with varying mortality. Criteria established by the European Association for the Study of the Liver were developed in prospective patient cohorts and are, to‐date, the most well validated internationally. Systemic haemodynamic instability, renal dysfunction, coagulopathy, neurological dysfunction, and respiratory failure are key considerations when managing ACLF in the intensive care unit. Apart from liver transplantation, there are no accepted evidence‐based treatments for ACLF, but several different approaches are under investigation.ConclusionThe recognition of ACLF as a distinct entity from acutely decompensated cirrhosis has allowed for better patient stratification in clinical settings, facilitating earlier engagement with the intensive care unit and liver transplantation teams. Research priorities over the next decade should focus on exploring novel treatment strategies with a particular focus on which, when, and how patients with ACLF should be treated.
COVID‐19 and K‐12 teachers: Associations between mental health, job satisfaction, perceived support, and experiences of ageism and sexism
Authors: Monahan Caitlin , Zhang Yinghao , Levy Sheri R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractK‐12 public school teachers faced unprecedented and novel disruptions in their workplace during the first entire school year of the COVID‐19 pandemic, leading to concerns about their treatment, mental health, and job satisfaction. Between April and June 2021, 341 public U.S. K‐12 school teachers from 12 states (covering Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, West, and Pacific Northwest) completed online surveys regarding their perceived general support, experiences of ageism and sexism, job satisfaction, and mental health. Mental health symptoms mediated the relationships between sexism, ageism, and perceived support with job satisfaction (Model 1) and job satisfaction mediated the relationships between sexism, ageism, and perceived support with mental health symptoms (Model 2). Thus, the data supported two models pointing to dual co‐existing pathways from (a) general support and (b) experiences of discrimination to both job satisfaction and mental health. These results highlight the importance of developing and implementing policies and programs that can improve teachers’ general support from their community along with addressing job satisfaction.
Combined translational pharmacometrics approach to support the design and conduct of the first‐in‐human study of DWP16001
Authors: Lee So Jin , Bae Soo Hyeon , Jeon Sangil , Ji Hye Young , Han Seunghoon 
Published: August 2023

AimsThe objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) of DWP16001, a novel sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, and predict efficacious doses for the first‐in‐human study using various translational approaches.MethodsA mechanistic PK/PD model was developed for DWP16001 using nonlinear mixed‐effect modelling to describe animal PK/PD properties. Using allometry and in silico physiologically based equations, human PK parameters were predicted. Human PD parameters were scaled by applying interspecies difference and in vitro drug‐specific factors. Human parameters were refined using early clinical data. Model‐predicted PK and PD outcomes were compared to observations before and after parameter refinement.ResultsThe PK/PD model of DWP16001 was developed using a 2‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and indirect response. Efficacious doses of 0.3 and 2 mg of DWP16001 were predicted using human half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values translated from Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats and normal rats, respectively. After parameter refinement, doses of 0.2 and 1 mg were predicted to be efficacious for each disease model, which improved the prediction results to within a 1.2‐fold difference between the model prediction and observation.ConclusionsThis study predicted efficacious human doses of DWP16001 using population PK/PD modelling and a combined translational pharmacometrics approach. Early clinical data allowed the methods used to translate in vitro and in vivo findings to clinical PK/PD values for DWP16001 to be optimized. This study has shown that a refinement step can be readily applied to improve model prediction and further support the study design and conduct of a first‐in‐human study.
Haematolymphoid malignancies: It is not importantWHOwe are butWHEREwe go from here
Authors: Lim Megan S. 
Published: August 2023

The World Health Organization and the International Consensus Classification have both addressed and categorized T‐cell lymphomas and histiocytic and dendritic tumours. Differences in the classification systems has generated considerable debate. Falini and colleagues now provide some clarity for the readership, with a framework for navigating the current classifications. They highlight the importance of finding a common path to formulate a single classification scheme in the near future.Commentary on: Falini et al. A comparison of the International Consensus and 5th WHO classifications of T‐cell lymphomas and histiocytic/dendritic cell tumours. Br J Haematol 2023;203:369–383.
A warrant for violence? An analysis of Donald Trump's speech before the US Capitol attack
Authors: Ntontis Evangelos , Jurstakova Klara , Neville Fergus , Haslam S. Alexander , Reicher Stephen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOn January 6th, 2021, Donald Trump's speech during a ‘Save America’ rally was followed by mass violence, with Trump's supporters storming the U.S. Capitol to prevent the certification of Joe Biden's victory in the presidential election. In its wake, there was a great deal of debate around whether the speech contained direct instructions for the subsequent violence. In this paper, we use a social identity perspective on leadership (and more specifically, on toxic leadership) to analyse the speech and see how its overall argument relates to violence. We show that Trump's argument rests on the populist distinction between the American people and elites. He moralises these groups as good and evil respectively and proposes that the very existence of America is under threat if the election result stands. On this basis he proposes that all true Americans are obligated to act in order prevent Biden's certification and to ensure that the good prevails over evil. While Trump does not explicitly say what such action entails, he also removes normative and moral impediments to extreme action. In this way, taken as a whole, Trump's speech enables rather than demands violence and ultimately it provides a warrant for the violence that ensued.
Dexmedetomidine attenuates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in hyperlipidemic rats by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and NF‐κB
Authors: Gao Weiwei , Du Liang , Li Nan , Li Yating , Wu Jinfang , Zhang Ze , Chen Huan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the protective effect of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in hyperlipidemic rats. Towards this, the effect of DEX was first evaluated on the infarct size and the histopathology of cardiac tissues using TTC and H and E staining, and it was found that DEX significantly improved the infarct size and architecture of the myocardial tissues following the I/R injury. DEX also showed significant improvement in various examined hemodynamic parameters (e.g., LVSP, and ± dp/dtmax) in a dose‐dependent manner. The lipid profile (LDL, VLDL, TC, TG, and HDL level) of the rats were also found significantly improved in DEX‐treated rats. The level of various pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17, and TNF‐α), cardiac injury (CK, CK‐MB, Troponin I AST, ALT, and LDH), and oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, and GSH) biomarkers were also found to be restored near to the normal in DEX‐treated group. It has been found that DEX also significantly reduces apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes. In western blot analysis, DEX showed a significant reduction in the activation of NF‐κB. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the protective effect of Dexmedetomidine in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in hyperlipidemic rats possibly via amelioration of oxidative stress, and inflammation apoptosis.
Hederagenin inhibits high glucose‐induced fibrosis in human renal cells by suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation through reducing cathepsin B expression
Authors: Yang Guohua , Yang Wang , Jiang Hairong , Yi Qing , Ma Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus and is related to dysfunction of renal cells. Hederagenin is a triterpenoid saponin from some Chinese herbs with anti‐inflammatory and anti‐diabetic activities. However, its role in diabetic nephropathy progression is still obscure. This study aimed to explore the effects of hederagenin on renal cell dysfunction in vitro. Human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs) and human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpiCs) were cultured under high glucose (HG) conditions to mimic diabetic nephropathy‐like injury. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK‐8. mRNA and protein levels were determined by qRT‐PCR and western blotting, respectively. The secretion levels of fibrosis‐related biomarkers were analyzed by ELISA. Results showed that hederagenin reduced HG‐induced proliferation increase in HRMCs and HRPTEpiCs. Hederagenin attenuated HG‐induced increase in mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, and IL‐1β. Hederagenin also suppressed HG‐induced increase in mRNA and secretion levels of FN, Col. IV, PAI‐1, and TGF‐β1. NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 attenuated HG‐induced fibrosis of renal cells, and its activator nigericin reversed the suppressive effect of hederagenin on HG‐induced fibrosis. Bioinformatics analysis predicted cathepsin B (CTSB) as a target of hederagenin to modulate NOD‐like receptor (NLR) pathway. Hederagenin decreased CTSB level, and CTSB overexpression reversed the suppressive effect of hederagenin on HG‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and fibrosis in HRMCs and HRPTEpiCs. In conclusion, hederagenin attenuates HG‐induced fibrosis of renal cells by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via reducing CTSB expression, indicating a therapeutic potential of hederagenin in diabetic nephropathy.
Predictors of child participation in child welfare emergency placements—A Norwegian case file study
Authors: Gresdahl May , Fauske Halvor , Storhaug Anita Skårstad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough child participation has attained significant awareness in child welfare research, little is known about how this right is upheld in emergency cases. Therefore, the various degrees to which children participate in child welfare services' emergency cases and factors predicting such participation were explored.MethodDegrees of participation found in 148 case files (Mage = 11–12 years old, range; 3–18 years; 59% girls, 48% with minority backgrounds) from four Norwegian municipalities were regressed on 15 independent variables in a multinomial logistic regression.ResultsThe children's advancing age increases their probabilities of involvement in the decision‐making processes regarding emergency placements (p  < 0.001). The children's minority backgrounds enhance their likelihood of being informed of the placement and having their opinions given weight in decision‐making processes (p = 0.010). The study, nevertheless, revealed that 39% of children in emergency placements are not involved in these processes.ConclusionsCase file documentation indicates inadequate involvement of children in emergency cases. Nevertheless, older children and those with minority backgrounds are more likely to participate, although the degree of their involvement varies. The study did not find a correlation between prior contact with child welfare services and child participation.
Long‐Term outcomes in adult patients with congenital heart disease considered for transplantation: A single center study
Authors: Hickey Gavin , Ratnayake Charith , Elliot Andrea , Alsaied Tarek , Fabio Anthony , Cook Stephen , Hindes Morgan , Hoskoppal Arvind , Saraf Anita 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients pose unique challenges in identifying the time for transplantation and factors influencing outcomes.ObjectiveTo identify hemodynamic, functional, and laboratory parameters that correlate with 1‐ and 10‐year outcomes in ACHD patients considered for transplantation.MethodsA retrospective chart review of long‐term outcomes in adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) evaluated for heart or heart + additional organ transplant between 2004 and 2014 at our center was performed. A machine learning decision tree model was used to evaluate multiple clinical parameters correlating with 1‐ and 10‐year survival.ResultsWe identified 58 patients meeting criteria. D‐transposition of the great arteries (D‐TGA) with atrial switch operation (20.7%), tetralogy of Fallot/pulmonary atresia (15.5%), and tricuspid atresia (13.8%) were the most common diagnosis for transplant. Single ventricle patients were most likely to be listed for transplantation (39.8% of evaluated patients). Among a comprehensive list of clinical factors, invasive hemodynamic parameters (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), systemic vascular pressure (SVP), and end diastolic pressures (EDP) most correlated with 1‐ and 10‐year outcomes. Transplanted patients with SVP < 14 and non‐ transplanted patients with PCWP < 15 had 100% survival 1‐year post‐transplantation.ConclusionFor the first time, our study identifies that hemodynamic parameters most strongly correlate with 1‐ and 10‐year outcomes in ACHD patients considered for transplantation, using a data‐driven machine learning model.
Prevalence of obesity and associated complications in China: A cross‐sectional, real‐world study in 15.8 million adults
Authors: Chen Kang , Shen Zewei , Gu Weijun , Lyu Zhaohui , Qi Xuan , Mu Yiming , Ning Yi ,   for the Meinian Investigator Group
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated complications from a large, cross‐sectional, nationwide database in China.Materials and MethodsData were obtained from 519 Meinian health check‐up centres across 243 cities. Eligible participants were aged ≥18 years, with a routine check‐up in 2019 (N = 21 771 683) and complete height, weight, sex and region data. The unadjusted prevalence rates of overweight/obesity were calculated by age, sex and region. In addition, the nationwide prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were standardized according to the 2010 China census by age group and sex. The prevalence of obesity‐related complications by body mass index (BMI) groups was calculated using logistic regression.ResultsThere were 15 770 094 eligible participants (median age 40 years; mean BMI 24.1 kg/m2; 52.8% male). By Chinese BMI classification, 34.8% were overweight and 14.1% were obese. Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in male than female participants (standardized: overweight 40.2% vs. 27.4%; obesity 17.6% vs. 9.6%, respectively). The prevalence of assessed complications was higher in participants with overweight/obesity versus those with normal BMI (P < 0.001 for trends). The most prevalent complications in participants with overweight/obesity were fatty liver disease, prediabetes, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. The number of complications increased with higher BMI.ConclusionsOverweight/obesity and related complications are highly prevalent in this population. These data may better inform management and prevention public health strategies in China.