bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of New Caledonia
Authors: Zakardjian Marie , Jourdan Hervé , Cochenille Thomas , Mahé Prisca , Geslin Benoît 
Published: April 2023

In a world where insects and notably bees are declining, assessing their distribution over time and space is crucial to evaluate species status and highlight conservation priorities. However, this can be a daunting task, especially in areas such as tropical oceanic islands where exhaustive samplings over time have been lacking. This is the case in New Caledonia, an archipelago located in the Southwest Pacific. Historical records of bee species are piecemeal, and although contemporary samplings have significantly advanced our knowledge of the bee fauna of New Caledonia, the status of several species remains to be elucidated.
Here we provide an updated checklist of the 51 bee species recorded for New Caledonia using previous publications and personal samplings. We documented their distribution, origin (i.e., endemic, native, or alien), and the year and location of their occurrences. Based on the year of their first and last capture, we associated them with an occurrence status. Thus, 10 years after the last checklist of the New Caledonian bee fauna, literature review and recent samplings allowed us to add 6 new species to the list. Half of them are recently introduced species and one is mentionned for the first time in this paper (i.e., Hylaeus albonitens). We consider here that 30 species are effectively present on the territory, and the presence of 21 species could not be determined due to a lack of data, which highlights the need to increase sampling efforts across New Caledonia. Given the difficulty of exhaustively sampling the whole archipelago, we would recommend taking as a starting point altitude environments and areas where data deficient species were captured. In a broader perspective, biomolecular analyses are crucial to confirm species identifications. This is also needed to make comparisons between archipelagos and thus clarify the distribution and status of species at the scale of the Southwest Pacific.
Beyond Antioxidation: Keap1–Nrf2 in the Development and Effector Functions of Adaptive Immune Cells
Authors: Pant Anil , Dasgupta Debolina , Tripathi Aprajita , Pyaram Kalyani 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)–NF erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) complex forms the evolutionarily conserved antioxidation system to tackle oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species, generated as byproducts of cellular metabolism, were identified as essential second messengers for T cell signaling, activation, and effector responses. Apart from its traditional role as an antioxidant, a growing body of evidence indicates that Nrf2, tightly regulated by Keap1, modulates immune responses and regulates cellular metabolism. Newer functions of Keap1 and Nrf2 in immune cell activation and function, as well as their role in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis, are emerging. In this review, we highlight recent findings about the influence of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the development and effector functions of adaptive immune cells, that is, T cells and B cells, and discuss the knowledge gaps in our understanding. We also summarize the research potential and targetability of Nrf2 for treating immune pathologies.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Patil Rekha , Mahajan Aarti , Pradeep G L , Prakash Nilima , Patil Swapnil , Khan Sabiha Mohiddin 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by a high degree of local invasiveness and metastasis to cervical lymph nodes and distant sites. Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) requires the concerted action of several extracellular enzymes, the most prominent of which are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Proteolytic degradation of ECM components by (MMP-9) facilitates carcinoma cell invasion, enhances angiogenesis and tumor progression.

Objective:
To assess and correlate the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9 with clinicopathological parameters and histological grades of OSCC.

Settings and Design:
Thirty histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSCC including 12 cases of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 12 cases of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and 6 cases of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study group.

Materials and Methods:
The samples were subjected to staining using monoclonal antibodies against MMP-9 and visualized using the polymer-HRP detection system. Expression of MMP-9 was assessed in tumor epithelium/parenchyma and connective tissue stroma separately, and the mean of both was considered as average MMP-9 expression.

Statistical Analysis:
The parametric independent samples “t” test, one-way ANOVA test and Pearson's correlation test were used for the statistical analysis.

Results:
Immunoexpression of MMP-9 increased with advancing stage and histological grade of OSCC with statistically significant results.

Conclusion:
MMP-9 plays an important role in invasion and metastasis and can serve as an independent prognostic marker.
Immunohistochemical expression of stathmin in oral dysplasia
Authors: Vadla Purnima , Deepthi G , Kumar Chippalapally Arun , Bashamalla Rithika , Syeda Neelam , Naramala Srikanth 
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives:
Stathmin is a phosphoprotein, which in its phosphorylated/unphosphorylated states plays a major role in polymerization/depolymerization of microtubules, respectively. Assembly of microtubules is an important aspect of cell division called mitosis. Hinderance in the function of stathmin could lead to damage in the mitotic process resulting in aneuploidy which is common manifestation of malignancies. Hence, stathmin could be used as a tumor marker for oral dysplasias and cancers. The purpose of the study is to compare the expression of stathmin in normal subjects to the patients with oral leukoplakia and to correlate its expression with different histopathological grades of oral leukoplakia This is the first ever study conducted to examine the expression of stathmin in oral dysplasia.

Methodology:
Thirty histopathologically confirmed cases of oral dysplasia were selected for the study. These tissues were evaluated immunohistochemically for stathmin. To enumerate the stathmin stained cells, 300 cells were examined manually in at least 5 areas and a mean percentage of positive–stained slides were determined. Then, each sample was assigned to one of the following staining scores: (0) – (<10% of stained cells); (1) – (11%–25% of stained cells); (2) – (26%–50% of stained cells); (3) – (51%–75% of stained cells); (4) – (76%–90% of stained cells) and (5) – (91%–100% of stained cells). The results were analyzed statistically using ANNOVA test.

Results:
When comparison was made with respect to staining scores of stathmin between normal and dysplasia groups, the results were found to be statistically significant with a P = 0.0001. A statistically significant difference was observed between various histopathological grades of dysplasia with respect to stathmin immunohistochemistry scores with a P = 0.0001.

Conclusion:
These results suggest stathmin as a tumor marker and prognostic indicator.
The present and future status of oral and maxillofacial pathology in Iran: A multicenter study
Authors: Tabatabaei Seyed Hosein , Razavi Seyed Mohammad , Saghravanian Nasrollah , Sadri Donia , Aminishakib Pouyan , Mahdavi Nazanin , Keshmiri Fatemeh , Shamloo Nafiseh 
Published: April 2023

Background:
At present, the status of oral and maxillofacial pathology (OMFP) in the country is not properly good. This study aimed to investigate the current status and develop practical approaches to improve occupational condition of the specialty in the future from the viewpoint of the beneficiaries.

Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The participants were oral and maxillofacial pathologists of the country (200 individuals), OMFP residents (9 individuals), and final year dental students at six dentistry school of the country at 2020 (200 individuals) through multicenter design. At the first phase, the related questionnaires were developed and assessed psychometrically. Reliability of the questionnaires, internal consistency, and repeatability were computed and confirmed. At the second phase, the survey questionnaires on the current and future condition were sent electronically to the study groups. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests (mean, standard deviation, percentage) and the Pearson test using SPSS.

Results:
At the first phase, after primary design of the study too, 23 variables with content validity ratio below 0.56 and content validity index (CVI) below 0.79 were omitted. The questionnaire for the specialists was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.75 and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as 0.83, and the questionnaire for the students and the residents were confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 and ICC of 0.80. Results of the second phase showed that score of tendency of students to select OMFP specialty to continue education was 1.58 ± 0.57 from 5. Satisfaction score of specialists on specialized activity of this specialty is 2.7 ± 1.52 from 5. The most important reason for the students to select this specialty was “interest in being faculty member,” and the “difficulty of the specialty” was the most probable reason for not selecting this specialty. The most important priority of the residents was “interest in specialty” and for the specialists was “being faculty member.” The most important reason to change attitude regarding the specialty by the specialists was mentioned as “high occupational and profession responsibility as well as low income” with the score of 1.38 ± 3.99. “Fundamental revision in the educational curriculum of the specialty” with a score of 4.60 ± 0.93 from 5 was considered as the most important revisionary approach from the viewpoint of specialists.

Conclusion:
At present, the main problem regarding the OMPF specialty in the country is “high number of graduates and lack of the present occupational opportunities.” Evaluation and validation of the relevant specialized departments, producing occupational opportunities, and fundamental revision in the educational curriculum to train well-powered specialists are necessary.
The effect of micro-osteoperforation on root resorption, pulp vitality, and biological changes of teeth subjected to orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review study
Authors: Mosayebi Neda , Khademi Abbasali , Bagherieh Shervin , Abedi Niloufar , Kargarfard Mina , Tajmiri Golnaz , Kouhi Monireh 
Published: April 2023

Background:
These days minimally invasive micro-osteoperforation (MOPs) has accelerated orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, there are some conflicting reports about their various impacts; hence, the present systematic review study aimed to evaluate the effect of MOP on root resorption, pulp vitality, and the biological changes of teeth subjected to OTM.

Materials and Methods:
Search in electronic databases of English literature including PubMed, Scopus, Web of sciences, Cochrane, and Google scholar as well as a manual search was performed from 2013 to 2022. Most of the studies included in this article were randomized controlled trials.

Results:
From the total number of 321 found articles, 31 duplicated and 268 irrelevant articles were excluded regarding the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consequently, 22 articles were subjected to the quality assessment process, and finally, 18 articles were selected for the review phase. Root resorption during tooth movement using the MOP approach was reported only in one study. Besides, except for two animal studies, all of the relevant included articles showed that MOPs significantly increased the expression of some inflammatory biomarkers known to recruit osteoclast precursors and increase the number of osteoclast cells. On the other hand, two animal studies showed no differences in osteoclast counts by using MOPs in comparison to their control groups, which was consequently the result of biologic variability between animal and human and also probably the small sample sizes of these two studies.

Conclusion:
In this systematic review, according to the adverse effects of MOP on root resorption, one study showed higher levels of root resorption among patients undergoing MOP. However, this outcome was due to the different methods used to evaluate the effect of MOPs on root resorption. Moreover, a high certainty of evidence supports that MOP causes biological changes and an elevation in cytokines, chemokines, and other biomarkers that stimulates osteoclasts differentiation which in turn accelerate OTM. There was no change in pulp vitality status based on available evidence.
Negotiability of mesiobuccal canals in maxillary first molars using different path file systems
Authors: Gharechahi Maryam , Khajehpour Mandana , Hamedi Ali , Peighoun Maryam 
Published: April 2023

Background:
In endodontics, glide path creation has been extensively considered a mandatory clinical step to improve the safety and efficiency of rotary nickel–titanium instruments. The high anatomic variations in the mesiobuccal (MB) root of the maxillary molars are observed in the form of canal configuration, number, and position. The aim of this study was to evaluate the negotiability of MB canals in maxillary molars using different pathfiling systems (ProGlider, R-pilot, HyFlex electrical discharge machining [EDM], WaveOne Gold Glider, and C-Pilot).

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro study included 125 maxillary first molars with closed apex. Before preparation, all teeth were scanned by periapical radiograph for review of the presence of second MB (MB2) canals, without any resorption or calcification, and moderate curve of MB root canal. Subsequently, the access cavity was prepared with a Diamond Fissure Bur. Then, the samples were divided into five groups (ProGlider, R-pilot, HyFlex EDM, WaveOne Gold Glider, and C-Pilot). Certain relevant indices were recorded for analysis, such as the negotiability of the glide path file in the MB canals, file fracture rate, and negotiation speed. The level of significance P value was set at 0.05.

Results:
In this study, HyFlex EDM was the only path file that could not reach the full working length (WL) in some cases. The highest frequency of file fracture in the MB2 was observed with HyFlex EDM (24%); nevertheless, R-Pilot presented an intermediate fracture rate (16%), and both ProGlider and WaveOne Gold Glider were the safest files (4%) in this regard. However, there were no significant differences between the groups (P = 0.065). The lowest and the highest average time of reaching full WL was observed with WaveOne Gold Glider and HyFlex EDM; nonetheless, there was no significant difference between the four rotary groups. The average number of pecks in HyFlex EDM was significantly higher in comparison to those reported for WaveOne Gold Glider and ProGlider.

Conclusion:
Path files used for glide path preparation in the MB2 canals of maxillary molars should be flexible with low taper. The use of HyFlex EDM in the MB2 canals is not recommended due to its high taper.
Response of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth to Bio-C Repair and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair HP: Cytotoxicity and gene expression assessment
Authors: Maru Viral , Madkaikar Manisha , Gada Ashita , Pakhmode Vivek , Padawe Dimple , Bapat Salil 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the cytotoxicity and gene expression of Bio-C Repair, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) HP Repair, and Biodentine on stem cells derived from exfoliated deciduous teeth.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study MTT assay was used to assess the cellular viability at three different dilutions. The gene expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin [OCN], and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) was measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction after 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days of incubation. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni posttest were used for statistical analysis (p=o.o5).

Results:
After 72 h of incubation at dilution 1:4, stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) cultivated in Biodentine, followed by Bio-C Repair and MTA Repair HP reported with highest cellular viability. The highest mRNA expression of Runx2, ALP, OCN, and DMP-1 was reported in SHEDs cultured in Biodentine (after 21 days of incubation).

Conclusion:
Bio-C Repair and MTA HP Repair are biocompatible and capable of odontogenic differentiation similar to Biodentine when cultured in stem cells derived from exfoliated primary teeth.
Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein, a rare entity
Authors: Esteban-Zubero Eduardo , García-Muro Cristina , Alatorre-Jiménez Moisés Alejandro , López-García Carlos Arturo , Marín-Medina Alejandro 
Published: April 2023

Rationale:
Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein is an infrequent and underdiagnosed pathology due to the absence of symptoms. If present, the symptoms are frequently manifested as a sensation of pain and cervical tension. Its etiology is variable, including trauma, central catheterization, and hypercoagulable states, among others.

Patient’s Concern:
A 41-year-old female, previously healthy, was admitted to the emergency room for worsening pain in the left cervical area of 5 d. Previously, she was treated for suspected acute pharyngotonsillitis yet without improvement.

Diagnosis:
Physical examination revealed a 2 cm in length cervical mass of hard consistency that was painful on palpation and non-fluctuating. Ultrasound study showed thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein. A computed tomography scan revealed that the thrombosis occurred at the cervical portion of the left internal jugular vein as well as the left transverse sinus.

Interventions:
Hospital admission and treatment with low molecular weight heparin at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg every 24 h.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged after 3 d of treatment with vitamin K antagonists.

Lessons:
Venous thrombosis at the level of the internal jugular vein is an infrequent entity. Clinical suspicion is necessary for the diagnosis given the possibility of absence of symptoms.
Recent public health concerns of the high-altitude tribal population of Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Mishra Tanuja , Goswami Shweta , Deval Hirawati , Vaid Ranjit , Kant Rajni 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
India has a tribal population of 8.6%. Health concerns of the high-altitude tribal population in India play a vital role in overall socio-economic development and health transformation of the country. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the current health problems among the tribal population of Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh.

Material and Methods:
The study area encompasses one regional hospital (RH) in Keylong (the district headquarters), three community health centers (CHCs), and 16 primary health care centers (PHCs). In addition, the district has 37 sub-centers (SCs) and 21 Ayurveda dispensaries to serve the district. The data for this study were gathered over a 4-year period from records of daily out-patient department registration from the various health centers (RH, CHCs, and PHCs) from 2017 to 2020.

Results:
In terms of communicable diseases, the population in the concerned region was more likely to have acute respiratory infection, enteric fever, tuberculosis, and typhoid. Hypertension, asthma, bronchitis, and diabetes mellitus type II were determined to be the most common non-communicable diseases.

Conclusion:
Acute respiratory disease, hypertension, diarrhea, accidental injuries, and eye problems were shown to be prevalent in the study area. The population’s position in relation to these five diseases indicates the community’s sensitivity to a variety of common conditions. There is a need to review the needs and priorities of the concerned population and create goals and targets to meet those needs using validated public health measures.
Outcome prediction using sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and serum lactate levels in organophosphate poisoning
Authors: Balmuchu Govinda , Mohanty Manoj K. , Sahu Manas R. , Hansda Upendra , Naveen Alagarasan , Lenka Preetam K. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Organophosphorus compounds are widely used as pesticides in agriculture practicing countries like India. Since it is readily available and accessible, it is one of the most commonly used agents for suicidal poisoning. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of the SOFA score (scoring system) and the serum lactate level (laboratory parameter) as a mortality predictor in organophosphorus poisoning.

Material and Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted at AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, for 17 months. The study population included all patients with an alleged history of ingestion of organophosphorus (OP) compounds reporting to the casualty. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the logistic regression analysis were used for the analysis.

Results:
In our study, 75 patients with OP poisoning were studied after satisfying the inclusion criteria. OP poisoning was commonly seen in married males aged 21–40 years. Twelve (16%) patients died during the process of treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean SOFA score, serum lactate level, pH value, and mean duration of hospital stay between the discharged and the deceased patients. In the current study, the ROC curve analysis used to assess the predictor of the outcome of OP poisoning showed that the area under the curve for SOFA score and serum lactate level were 0.794 (95% CI 0.641–0.948) and 0.659 (95% CI 0.472–0.847), respectively.

Conclusion:
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is significantly associated with the outcome of organophosphate poisoning and can be utilized to predict mortality.