bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global order and its enemies
Authors: Moszyński Michał 
Published: April 2023

Motivation: A series of crises have demonstrated the low resilience of the global economy to shocks and triggered a discussion about the possible end of globalisation understood as the unrestrained growth of mutual trade and business ties on a global scale. The emerging tendencies to shorten supply chains and block trade as well as calls for an active and strategic trade policy are contributing to the decay of the liberal global order built after World War II. The potential disintegration of the world economy into antagonised blocs and the conflict between the Western model of liberal democracy and autocratic regimes should be considered particularly dangerous. The above phenomena deserve the utmost attention, and the desire to understand them has provided inspiration for taking up this topic.Aim: This study aims to define and interpret the concept of global order in both economic and political dimensions. In this context, two interrelated questions are addressed. The first one is about the character of the global order after World War II and the second one concerns the causes and consequences of its decay.Results: The emerging disintegrative tendencies in the global economy and the anarchisation of international economic relations constitute a negative-sum game. Globalisation has allowed most countries in the world to achieve significant gains in wealth. The benefits that it provides to consumers are too great to be consciously abandoned in favour of an autarkic economic model. Capitalism seems to be able to operate under very different political regimes, hence — with all the differences between political models at the national level — it creates an effective platform for cooperation on the global stage. Nevertheless, the end of the “peace dividend” indicates that effectively preventing the danger of armed conflict by means of economic and military deterrence will be an important part of the future world order.
Rhythmic auditory stimulation to improve gait rehabilitation outcomes for children with acquired brain injury: a pilot study
Authors: Kelly Gemma , Pool Jonathan , Hamilton Colin , Rodda Jill 
Published: April 2023

Background/Aims Children with severe acquired brain injury frequently have walking rehabilitation goals. The aim of this study was to investigate if rhythmic auditory stimulation would improve walking speed and gait quality in children with acquired brain injury. Methods A total of four children were included in this study (age 10–12 years; mean time since acquired brain injury 12.75 weeks). A multiple baseline single case experimental study design was followed. The baseline phase (phase A) consisted of standard rehabilitation (10 physiotherapy sessions a week) and for the intervention phase (phase B), two out of the 10 sessions were replaced with rhythmic auditory stimulation. A 10-metre walk test and the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score was completed twice a week at the beginning and end of the session. Visual analysis of level, slope and trend, and statistical analysis of effect size (Tau-U) was conducted across phases. Descriptive analysis of within-session change was completed. Results All children showed improvement. In the 10-metre walk test, three children demonstrated a steeper trendline in phase A and one child demonstrated consistent trendlines between phases A and B. Tau-U indicated a small effect size (−0.207 (z =−1.32, P=0.1853)) that was not statistically significant for the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score; one child showed a steeper trendline in phase A and one in phase B, while others were consistent. One child’s Edinburgh Visual Gait Score improved greatly in phase B. Tau-U indicated a large effect size (−0.6235 (z=−3.9981, P=0.0001)) that was statistically significant. Within session changes indicated that, overall, children showed greater immediate changes with the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score and 10-metre walk test with the rhythmic auditory stimulation than with standard physiotherapy. Conclusions In addition to standard physiotherapy, rhythmic auditory stimulation may be of benefit to children relearning to walk after an acquired brain injury, potentially having a greater effect on gait biomechanics than walking speed. Rhythmic auditory stimulation can be considered alongside other gait interventions, but more research is required.
Association between burnout and stigma in physicians
Authors: Favre S. , Bajwa N. M. , Dominicé Dao M. , Audétat Voirol M.-C. , Nendaz M. , Junod Perron N. , Perneger T. , Richard-Lepouriel H. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundPhysicians suffering from burnout are more likely to develop depression, substance dependence, and cardiovascular diseases, which can affect their practices. Stigmatization is a barrier to seeking treatment. This study aimed to understand the complex links between burnout among medical doctors and the perceived stigma.Methods and findingsOnline questionnaires were sent to medical doctors working in five different departments of the Geneva University Hospital. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to assess burnout. The Stigma of Occupational Stress Scale in Doctors (SOSS-D) was used to measure the three stigma dimensions. Three hundred and eight physicians participated in the survey (response rate: 34%). Physicians with burnout (47%) were more likely to hold stigmatized views. Emotional exhaustion was moderately correlated with perceived structural stigma (r = 0.37, P < .001) and weakly correlated with perceived stigma (r = 0.25, P = 0.011). Depersonalization was weakly correlated with personal stigma (r = 0.23, P = 0.04) and perceived other stigma (r = 0.25, P = 0.018).ConclusionThese results suggest the need to adjust for existing burnout and stigma management. Further research needs to be conducted on how high burnout and stigmatization impact collective burnout, stigmatization, and treatment delay.
“What do I think about implementing lung cancer screening? It all depends on how.” Acceptability and feasibility of lung cancer screening in Australia: The view of key stakeholders about health system factors
Authors: Dodd Rachael H. , Sharman Ashleigh R. , Marshall Henry M. , Yap Mei Ling , Stone Emily , Rhee Joel , McCullough A. O. M. Sue , Rankin Nicole M. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide. Although international trials demonstrate that targeted screening using low dose computed tomography (LDCT) significantly reduces lung cancer mortality, implementation of screening in the high-risk population presents complex health system challenges that need to be thoroughly understood to support policy change.

Aim
To elicit health care providers’ and policymakers’ views about the acceptability and feasibility of lung cancer screening (LCS) and barriers and enablers to implementation in the Australian setting.

Methods
We conducted 24 focus groups and three interviews (22 focus groups and all interviews online) in 2021 with 84 health professionals, researchers, and current cancer screening program managers and policy makers across all Australian states and territories. Focus groups included a structured presentation about lung cancer and screening and lasted approximately one hour each. A qualitative approach to analysis was used to map topics to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results
Nearly all participants considered LCS to be acceptable and feasible but identified a wide range of implementation challenges. Topics (five specific to health systems and five cross-cutting with participant factors) identified were mapped to CFIR constructs, of which ‘readiness for implementation’, ‘planning’ and ‘executing’ were most salient. Health system factor topics included delivery of the LCS program, cost, workforce considerations, quality assurance and complexity of health systems. Participants strongly advocated for streamlined referral processes. Practical strategies to address equity and access, such as using mobile screening vans, were emphasised.

Conclusions
Key stakeholders readily identified the complex challenges associated with the acceptability and feasibility of LCS in Australia. The barriers and facilitators across health system and cross-cutting topics were clearly elicited. These findings are highly relevant to the scoping of a national LCS program by the Australian Government and a subsequent recommendation for implementation.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in pediatric patients with urinary tract infection: A feasibility study
Authors: Lee Han Byeol , Lee Seunghyun , Choi Young Hun , Cheon Jung-Eun , Lee Seul Bi , Cho Yeon Jin , Ahn Yo Han , Lim Seon Hee 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in pediatric patients with febrile urinary tract infection (UTI).

Materials and methods
Between March 2019 and January 2021, study participants with suspected UTI were assessed for APN using ultrasound. Parenchymal echogenicity changes, renal pelvis dilatation, and the presence of a focal suspected lesion were assessed using conventional grayscale ultrasound. The presence and location of a decreased perfusion area were evaluated using color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and CEUS. Agreement between each ultrasound examination and a 99mTc‒dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan was assessed using the κ value, and the most visible period of the lesion was evaluated using CEUS.

Results
This study enrolled 21 participants (median age, 8.0 months; range, 2.0–61.0 months) with isolated urinary tract pathogens. Five increased parenchymal echotextures (11.9%) and 14 renal pelvic dilatations (33.3%) were confirmed, but no focal lesions were detected on the grayscale images. CDUS and CEUS showed decreased local perfusion suggestive of APN in two and five kidneys, respectively. DMSA scan showed substantial agreement with CEUS findings (κ = 0.80, P = 0.010), but other grayscale and CDUS findings did not agree with DMSA scan results (P > 0.05). All lesions were best observed in the late parenchymal phase on CEUS.

Conclusion
CEUS can reveal renal perfusion defects in pediatric patients with suspected APN without radiation exposure or sedation; therefore, CEUS may be a feasible and valuable diagnostic technique.
Morphometry of Limulidae (Oscar E. Brown) in Leidong, Sei Berombang, and Tanjung Tiram, North Sumatera
Authors: Hasibuan Zhulian Hikmah , Widowati Ita , Yudiati Ervia , Syukur Syukur 
Published: April 2023

Limulidae (Horseshoe crab), or Mimi in the local name, are known; there are four species, namely Limulus polyphemus in North America and Asia, namely Tachypleus tridentatus, T. gigas, and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. In Indonesia, these species are protected by the Decree of the Minister of Forestry Number 12/KPTS-II/1987; meanwhile, illegal fishing still occurs. This study aims to identify Limulidae species and analyze Mimi's morphometric characteristics and distribution in North Sumatra to conserve the species. This research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method in Leidong, Sei Berombang, Tanjung Tiram - North Sumatera, from September to December 2021. Biometric measurements were performed on 98 Mimi, and the data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Multinomial logistics. The results showed that Mimi in the study area was identified as Tachypleus tridentatus, T. gigas, and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. The most commonly caught was T. tridentatus at the Tanjung Tiram. Based on the maximum width of the prosoma and body length, the largest to most petite sizes are T. tridentatus at Leidong (10.31 cm), T. gigas at Leidong, and Sei Berombang (10 cm) and C. rotundicauda at Sei Berombang (7.56 cm) respectively. The cluster analysis based on 27 morphometric characters showed that T. tridentatus had almost the same characteristics as T. gigas, while C. rotundicauda had its features. It can be concluded that the largest to most petite sizes of Mimi in the study area were T. tridentatus, T. gigas, and C. rotundicauda, respectively.
Dirigentas, intérpretes, acompañantes: sobre metodologías participativas y construcción de la ciudadanía en el Perú
Authors: Ciudad Luis Andrade , Howard Rosaleen 
Published: April 2023

Resumen
El propósito de este artículo de reflexión es doble: en primer lugar, damos cuenta de la metodología participativa que aplicamos en el proyecto “Mejorando la vida de las mujeres a través del rol de las traductoras sociales en el Perú rural”. Este proyecto, desarrollado entre los años 2018 y 2019, tuvo como objetivos visibilizar y resaltar el rol desempeñado por lideresas comunitarias de Puno y Ayacucho, en el sur andino del Perú, como intérpretes y traductoras ad hoc, en beneficio de miembros de sus comunidades, muchos de ellos y ellas hablantes de quechua o aimara y español, con diferentes niveles de bilingüismo. En segundo lugar, sobre la base de esta experiencia, abordamos el alcance de las metodologías participativas como un recurso para crear conciencia sobre los procesos de construcción de ciudadanía “desde abajo” en Sudamérica.
Effect of surcharge load location on the behavior of cantilever retaining wall
Authors: Al-khafaji Rowida S. , Al-Obaydi Moataz A. , Al-Saffar Qutayba N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, the effect of location of surcharge load on the stability and behavior of the retaining wall under static and dynamic load has been considered. A cantilever retaining wall of 7 m height retained dry sandy soil with 50 kN/m2 surcharge load. Several parameters were taken into account in the numerical analysis, including the horizontal distance (X) from the edge of the wall to the surcharge load expressed as a ratio to the heel width (X/Bh
= 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1), as well as the effect of different values of the earthquake's horizontal component (kh
= 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3). Lateral earth pressure distribution decreases with increase (X/B

h
) in the upper one third of the wall. The effect of surcharge location at the top of the wall disappears at X/B

h
= 0.25. Under dynamic load, the maximum displacement at the top of the wall is obtained at X/B

h
= 0.5. It is increased by about 4 times at k

h
= 0.3. The possibility of sliding increases by about 4.8 times once the k

h
increases from 0.1 to 0.3. There is a maximum increase in rotation by 2 times at k

h
= 0.1. In the dynamic case, the differential settlement decreases with increase in X/B

h
, and increases with the increase in k

h
.
New insights from genetic studies of eczema
Authors: Marenholz Ingo , Arnau-Soler Aleix , Rosillo-Salazar Oscar Daniel , Lee Young-Ae 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provided fundamental insight into the genetic determinants of complex allergic diseases. For eczema, 58 susceptibility loci were reported. Protein-changing variants were associated with eczema at genome-wide significance at 12 loci. The majority of risk variants were, however, located in non-coding, regulatory regions of the genome. Prioritized target genes were enriched in pathways of the immune response and of epithelial barrier function. Interestingly, a large overlap in the genetic architecture underlying different allergic diseases was identified pointing to common pathomechanisms for eczema, asthma, hay fever, and food allergy. Here, we review the most recent findings from GWAS for eczema including the role of rare variants and genetic heterogeneity in ethnically diverse populations. In addition, we provide an overview of genes underlying Mendelian disorders featuring eczematous skin inflammation.
Positive Control(s) in Polyurethane Condom-Lubricant Compatibility Testing
Authors: Jui-An Lin Alexander , Huberman Erich Gerard , Chen Peiling , Mandadi Hyma , Sarkar Das Srilekha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Despite the proliferation of over-the-counter (OTC) personal lubricants (PLs) in the last two decades, to date, no known positive control has been identified to assess the compatibility of these PLs with polyurethane (PU) condoms. In the absence of suitable positive controls, PU condom compatibility with OTC PLs is assessed using a method built for testing compatibility of latex condoms with PLs. Herein, we attempt to identify a safe-to-handle positive control(s) for determining PU condom-lubricant compatibility. At room temperature (RmT), swelling of and induced stress in PU condom sample coupons were studied at various strain rates after discrete applications of a few ingredients common in commercial PLs. Additionally, stress reduction at a constant stretch was measured at 37°C. At low strain rates, changes in the induced stress and stress-to-strain ratio were detectable because of ingredients, e.g., hydroxy-terminated poly(dimethyl siloxane) of viscosity 25 cSt that caused substantial swelling of the condom materials at RmT, indicating prospective positive controls. At 37 °C, the percent stress reduction in PU samples under constant stretch was significant, with a few PL ingredients that did not significantly swell the PU material at RmT. Ingredients that enable significant stress reduction can serve as positive controls in PU condom-lubricant compatibility testing using the tensile method, provided the strain rate is comparable to the rate of condom-lubricant interaction, as evidenced by swelling study. At RmT, absence of swelling and insignificant changes in tensile properties at high strain rates do not guarantee the absence of interactions. Instead of testing mineral oil on latex condoms, manufacturers may now use a PU condom-specific positive control, when testing compatibility of PU condoms with OTC PLs.
When social status gets in the way of reproduction in modern settings: An evolutionary mismatch perspective
Authors: Yong Jose C. , Lim Amy J. , Li Norman P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLow fertility is a growing concern in modern societies. While economic and structural explanations of reproductive hindrances have been informative to some extent, they do not address the fundamental motives that underlie reproductive decisions and are inadequate to explain why East Asian countries, in particular, have such low fertility rates. The current paper advances a novel account of low fertility in modern contexts by describing how modern environments produce a mismatch between our evolved mechanisms and the inputs they were designed to process, leading to preoccupations with social status that get in the way of mating and reproductive outcomes. We also utilize developed East Asian countries as a case study to further highlight how culture may interact with modern features to produce ultralow fertility, sometimes to the extent that people may give up on parenthood or even mating altogether. Through our analysis, we integrate several lines of separate research, elucidate the fundamental dynamics that drive trade-offs between social status and reproductive effort, add to the growing literature on evolutionary mismatch, and provide an improved account of low fertility in modern contexts.
Genes transcriptional activity features in different histological subtypes of tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kutilin D. S. , Danilova A. E. , Maksimov A. Yu. , Snezhko A. V. , Engibaryan M. A. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Over the past decade, tongue cancer has maintained a leading position in the overall structure of the incidence of head and neck malignant tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is an aggressive form and has a clinically unpredictable prognosis. Currently, there are several histological subtypes of this disease. And the search for new prognostic factors that could reflect the actual state of tumor progression and give an objective prognosis of disease development is an important research area in molecular oncology. Such factors may be certain transcriptomic characteristics of tumors, which determine the features of pathogenesis in each specific case.Aim. To research genes transcriptional activity features in various histological subtypes of tongue squamous cell carcinoma using bioinformatic and molecular approaches.Materials and methods. The stage of screening bioinformatics analysis was performed using an interactive web server for analyzing data on messenger RNA expression of 9736 tumors and 8587 normal samples from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) projects using a standard processing pipeline (GEPIA). The main (validation) stage of the study was performed on 300 patients with locally advanced malignant tumors of the tongue. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used to determine the values of the relative expression of genes identified at the stage of bioinformatic analysis.Results. Bioinformatic analysis identified 1488 genes that increase expression and 589 genes that decrease expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Of these 2077 genes, 23 genetic loci were selected that most strongly alter expression in tumor tissue relative to normal tissue of the tongue. Of these, when validated by polymerase chain reaction, only 14 changed their transcriptional profile in tumor tissue relative to normal: MMP1, MMP11, CA9, PTHLH, MMP9, LAMC2, MMP3, ANXA1, MT-ND6, CRNN, MAL, TGM3, IL1RN and CLU. The analysis of polymerase chain reaction data revealed significant heterogeneity in a number of biological samples studied. Cluster analysis made it possible to divide the total sample of 300 patients into 3 groups differing in gene expression: cluster 1 (n = 90), cluster 2 (n = 101) and cluster 3 (n = 109), corresponding to the basaloid, acantholytic and usual histological subtypes. Thus, the study made it possible to identify a number of molecular markers of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (MMP1, MMP11, CA9, PTHLH, MMP9, LAMC2, MMP3, ANXA1, MT-ND6, CRNN, MAL, TGM3, IL1RN and CLU), as well as to reveal the transcriptional features of various histological subtypes of this disease.