bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public and private transportation in Chinese cities: impacts of population size, city wealth, urban typology, the built environment, and fuel price
Authors: Fu Xiangwen , Mauzerall Denise L , Ramaswami Anu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The development of urban transportation is affected by city population size, wealth, urban typology, the built environment, and fuel price, and has significant implications for urban sustainability. We analyze data of 297 Chinese cities between 2017 and 2019 using both simple regressions to examine the relationships between metrics of public and private transportation and city size, and multiple regressions to examine the impacts of the above urban factors on public transit use and private vehicle number. Both public transit use and private vehicle number scale super-linearly with population and sub-linearly with gross regional product. We find that the impacts of population size, city wealth, the built environment, and fuel price on transportation vary across city groups (industrial, mixed-economy, and commercial cities). We find that the relationships between urban transportation metrics and their factors extracted from intra-city variations over time are different from those derived from pooling data of multiple cities over time, indicating the importance of choosing appropriate analyses to inform local policymaking. A key finding is that to reduce private vehicle ownership, enhancing land use diversity, increasing rail transit, and expanding taxi fleets are more effective than increasing density in already dense Chinese cities. Our findings improve understanding of the drivers of public and private transportation in urban China which are needed to promote sustainable growth of Chinese cities.
Static Injection, Migration, and Equalization (SIME): A New Paradigm for Safe Ultrasound-Guided Brazilian Butt Lift: Safer, Faster, Better
Authors: Pazmiño Pat , Del Vecchio Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Although the Brazilian butt lift (BBL) is one of the most popular procedures in body contouring, it has been associated with the risk of pulmonary fat embolism when fat graft is injected into the gluteal muscles. The subcutaneous plane has been identified as a safe site for fat graft injection, but deaths from fat embolism continue to occur because there is no mechanism to confirm consistent subcutaneous placement.

Objectives
The aim of this paper was to determine if real-time intraoperative ultrasound could accurately identify the subcutaneous gluteal anatomic landmarks and permit a single surgeon to consistently target fat graft placement in the subcutaneous space.

Methods
In total, 4150 BBLs were performed with real-time intraoperative ultrasound being used to confirm the subcutaneous position of a static cannula during fat graft injection. Serial deposits of fat graft were performed in each buttock. Ultrasound confirmed that fat graft consistently remained above the deep gluteal fascia and migrated through the deep subcutaneous space. These fat graft deposits were then equalized with a moving cannula to correct any contour deformities. Operative times were recorded and compared with BBL performed by expansion vibration lipofilling without ultrasound.

Results
Real-time intraoperative ultrasound allowed for the visual confirmation of consistent subcutaneous fat graft deposition and the targeting of fat graft into specific gluteal subcutaneous compartments.

Conclusions
Real-time intraoperative ultrasound allows the surgeon to confirm a subcutaneous-only fat graft injection, target specific gluteal subcutaneous compartments, and take advantage of the unique architecture of the deep subcutaneous space to create gluteal projection and correct contour deformities.
Prognostic value of right ventricular global longitudinal strain in patients with immunoglobulin light-chain cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Usuku Hiroki , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Sueta Daisuke , Noguchi Momoko , Fujisaki Tomohiro , Egashira Koichi , Oike Fumi , Fujisue Koichiro , Hanatani Shinsuke , Arima Yuichiro , Takashio Seiji , Kawano Yawara , Oda Seitaro , Kawano Hiroaki , Matsushita Kenichi , Ueda Mitsuharu , Matsui Hirotaka , Matsuoka Masao , Tsujita Kenichi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) (LV-GLS) is a strong and independent predictor of outcomes in patients with immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) cardiac amyloidosis. This study was performed to investigate whether right ventricular (RV) GLS (RV-GLS) provides prognostic information in patients with AL amyloidosis.

Methods and results
Among 74 patients who were diagnosed with AL cardiac amyloidosis at Kumamoto University Hospital from December 2005 to December 2022, 65 patients who had enough information for two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging and did not receive chemotherapy before the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis were retrospectively analysed. During a median follow-up of 359 days, 29 deaths occurred. In two-dimensional echocardiographic findings, LV-GLS, left atrium reservoir strain (LASr), and RV-GLS were significantly lower in the all-cause death group than in the survival group (LV-GLS: 8.9 ± 4.2 vs. 11.7 ± 3.9, P &lt; 0.01; LASr: 9.06 ± 7.28 vs. 14.09 ± 8.32, P &lt; 0.05; RV-GLS: 12.0 ± 5.1 vs. 16.8 ± 4.0, P &lt; 0.01). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed RV-GLS was significantly and independently associated with all-cause death in patients with AL cardiac amyloidosis (hazard ratio 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.77–0.94; P &lt; 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve of RV-GLS for all-cause death was 0.774 and that the best cut-off value of RV-GLS was 14.5% (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 72%). In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients with AL cardiac amyloidosis who had low RV-GLS (&lt;14.5%) had a significantly higher probability of all-cause death (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
RV-GLS has prognostic value in patients with AL cardiac amyloidosis and provides greater prognostic power than LV-GLS and LASr.
Congenital heart defects caused by FOXJ1
Authors: Padua Maria B , Helm Benjamin M , Wells John R , Smith Amanda M , Bellchambers Helen M , Sridhar Arthi , Ware Stephanie M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
FOXJ1 is expressed in ciliated cells of the airways, testis, oviduct, central nervous system and the embryonic left–right organizer. Ablation or targeted mutation of Foxj1 in mice, zebrafish and frogs results in loss of ciliary motility and/or reduced length and number of motile cilia, affecting the establishment of the left–right axis. In humans, heterozygous pathogenic variants in FOXJ1 cause ciliopathy leading to situs inversus, obstructive hydrocephalus and chronic airway disease. Here, we report a novel truncating FOXJ1 variant (c.784_799dup; p.Glu267Glyfs*12) identified by clinical exome sequencing from a patient with isolated congenital heart defects (CHD) which included atrial and ventricular septal defects, double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and transposition of the great arteries. Functional experiments show that FOXJ1 c.784_799dup; p.Glu267Glyfs*12, unlike FOXJ1, fails to induce ectopic cilia in frog epidermis in vivo or to activate the ADGB promoter, a downstream target of FOXJ1 in cilia, in transactivation assays in vitro. Variant analysis of patients with heterotaxy or heterotaxy-related CHD indicates that pathogenic variants in FOXJ1 are an infrequent cause of heterotaxy. Finally, we characterize embryonic-stage CHD in Foxj1 loss-of-function mice, demonstrating randomized heart looping. Abnormal heart looping includes reversed looping (dextrocardia), ventral looping and no looping/single ventricle hearts. Complex CHDs revealed by histological analysis include atrioventricular septal defects, DORV, single ventricle defects as well as abnormal position of the great arteries. These results indicate that pathogenic variants in FOXJ1 can cause isolated CHD.
Gender and Violence in International Relations: Evidence from the Statecraft Simulation
Authors: Nissen Katie , Cox Eric 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To what extent does gender impact the level of conflict in an online international relations simulation environment? This article uses a survey of participants in the Statecraft simulation to determine the degree to which gender affects simulation outcomes. The authors worked with the Statecraft company to include a limited number of questions in Statecraft's end-of-simulation survey regarding participants’ gender, the level of conflict in the simulated world in which the student participated, and whether the student's world succeeded in building the Globe of Frost, the analog for solving global warming in the simulation. Based on student responses, we find that classes with a majority of male students were significantly more likely to report that their simulated world had a high level of conflict. Teams with majority males were also more likely to initiate conflict and focus on foreign policy rather than domestic policy, though those results were insignificant. Gender did not appear to affect whether or not a simulated world solved the global warming analog; though not significant, the coefficient suggests male-dominated worlds were slightly more likely to construct the Globe of Frost.
3D-GNOME 3.0: a three-dimensional genome modelling engine for analysing changes of promoter-enhancer contacts in the human genome
Authors: Wlasnowolski Michal , Kadlof Michal , Sengupta Kaustav , Plewczynski Dariusz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the current update, we added a feature for analysing changes in spatial distances between promoters and enhancers in chromatin 3D model ensembles. We updated our datasets by the novel in situ CTCF and RNAPII ChIA-PET chromatin loops obtained from the GM12878 cell line mapped to the GRCh38 genome assembly and extended the 1000 Genomes SVs dataset. To handle the new datasets, we applied GPU acceleration for the modelling engine, which gives a speed-up of 30× versus the previous versions. To improve visualisation and data analysis, we embedded the IGV tool for viewing ChIA-PET arcs with additional genes and SVs annotations. For 3D model visualisation, we added a new viewer: NGL, where we provided colouring by gene and enhancer location. The models are downloadable in mmcif and xyz format. The web server is hosted and performs calculations on DGX A100 GPU servers that provide optimal performance with multitasking. 3D-GNOME 3.0 web server provides unique insights into the topological mechanism of human variations at the population scale with high speed-up and is freely available at https://3dgnome.mini.pw.edu.pl/.
GPS 6.0: an updated server for prediction of kinase-specific phosphorylation sites in proteins
Authors: Chen Miaomiao , Zhang Weizhi , Gou Yujie , Xu Danyang , Wei Yuxiang , Liu Dan , Han Cheng , Huang Xinhe , Li Chengzhi , Ning Wanshan , Peng Di , Xue Yu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Protein phosphorylation, catalyzed by protein kinases (PKs), is one of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs), and involved in regulating almost all of biological processes. Here, we report an updated server, Group-based Prediction System (GPS) 6.0, for prediction of PK-specific phosphorylation sites (p-sites) in eukaryotes. First, we pre-trained a general model using penalized logistic regression (PLR), deep neural network (DNN), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGMB) on 490 762 non-redundant p-sites in 71 407 proteins. Then, transfer learning was conducted to obtain 577 PK-specific predictors at the group, family and single PK levels, using a well-curated data set of 30 043 known site-specific kinase-substrate relations in 7041 proteins. Together with the evolutionary information, GPS 6.0 could hierarchically predict PK-specific p-sites for 44046 PKs in 185 species. Besides the basic statistics, we also offered the knowledge from 22 public resources to annotate the prediction results, including the experimental evidence, physical interactions, sequence logos, and p-sites in sequences and 3D structures. The GPS 6.0 server is freely available at https://gps.biocuckoo.cn. We believe that GPS 6.0 could be a highly useful service for further analysis of phosphorylation.
The Effect of Developmental Delay and Autism Spectrum Disorder on External Auditory Canal Foreign Body Extraction
Authors: Nguyen Justin D. , Shih Michael C. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Liu Yi-Chun Carol , Mukerji Shraddha S. 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
To determine the effect of developmental delay (DD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on pediatric external auditory canal foreign body (EAC FB) retrieval outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of children presenting with EAC FB at a tertiary children's hospital was performed between January 2018 and December 2019. Charts were reviewed for demographics, presence of otalgia, complications, number of EAC FB episodes, indications for operating room removal, DD, and ASD status.

Results
A total of 1467 patients underwent EAC FB removal. One hundred thirty-seven children (9.3%) had DD, and, of those with DD, 63 (46%) had ASD. Children with DD were 1.76 years older compared with children with non-DD (NDD) (P < 0.0001) at the time of presentation, whereas children with ASD were 1.45 years older than children with NDD (P = 0.0023). Children with DD and ASD were more likely to require removal of FB in the operating room (OR) compared with the NDD group (36.5% vs 16.7%, P = 0.0001). This was not true for children with DD without ASD. Patients with DD reported significantly less otalgia when compared with NDD patients (26.3% vs 37.4%, P = 0.0097). A similar trend, although not statistically significant, was observed when comparing children with ASD with NDD patients. The NDD patients (1.1) had fewer EAC FB episodes than patients with DD (1.6, P < 0.0001) and ASD (1.8, P < 0.0016). Hazard ratios for multiple episodes of FB were 4.5 (95% confidence interval, 2.9–6.8) for DD, and 5.6 for ASD (95% confidence interval, 3.2–9.9). The complication rate for all groups was low.

Conclusions
Due to the different ways that children with DD and ASD present compared with NDD children, physicians should be vigilant when evaluating symptoms and conducting physical examinations for EAC FB in those patients. A lower threshold for referral to otolaryngologists may result in more favorable outcomes.
The NIU (Nipple – Inframammary Fold – Upper Breast Border) Principle: A New Tool to Predict the Ideal Nipple/Areola Complex Position during Augmentation Mastopexy Preoperative Markings
Authors: Chahine Fadel , Habr Natasha 
Published: May 2023

Background:
While the beauty of the breast depends on aesthetic proportions, the position of the nipple-areola complex on the breast mound and in relation to the implant during breast augmentation or mastopexy augmentation is critical [1][2][3]. In fact, lack of nipple position determination in relation to the breast footprint is a deficiency of most currently applied measurements and evaluation tools.
We hereby present a simple formula that allows accurate and proper prediction of the ideal nipple areola complex (NAC) positioning for every patient depending on the chosen implant in case of mastopexy augmentation, or revision mastopexy with exchange of implants.

Methods:
A prospective Level IV analysis of all consecutive patients undergoing primary mastopexy augmentation or revision mastopexy with exchange of implants was performed between January 2021 and January 2022.
48 consecutive patients were included in the study. The “NIU” (Nipple – Inframammary Fold – Upper Breast Border) principle was applied to all patients to determine the ideal position of the NAC.
Patients were photographed preoperatively and postoperatively in a standardized manner.
The main end point was to determine if the NAC is located at the most projected point of the breast upon follow up.

Results:
The NIU principle has been applied to 48 patients between January 2021 and January 2022. Of those patients, 27 underwent primary augmentation mastopexy, while 21 underwent revision augmentation mastopexy with exchange of implants.
The mean follow up duration was 9.2 months (6-18 months). All patients demonstrated proper NAC positioning upon follow up

Conclusion:
The NIU principle is a simple and reliable method to determine the ideal NAC position during mastopexy augmentation or mastopexy with implant exchange
“A New Injection Method of Nerve Block Combined with Local Infiltration Anesthesia for Relieving Pain of Horizontal Neck Lines Injection”
Authors: Su Xueshang , Li Zehui , Dai Yuduo , Wang Lianzhao , Li Haidong , Hu Jintian 
Published: May 2023

Summary:
Filler injection is one of the effective methods for the treatment of horizontal neck lines, but the pain caused by injection has become a huge burden for many patients both physically and mentally. Topical anesthesia and local refrigeration are common methods to relieve the pain of injection, but each has its disadvantages. The transverse cervical nerve is the main innervating nerve for pain sensation in the anterior skin of the neck. In this study, we performed nerve block anesthesia and local infiltration anesthesia on one side of the horizontal neck lines and applied topical anesthesia cream on the other side of the neck among 100 patients. The results showed that the pain patients suffered under nerve block anesthesia and local infiltration anesthesia was reduced by 81% compared with that of patients using the topical anesthesia on their neck lines. And such anesthetic technique had multiple benefits, for example, it won’t affect surgeon’s judgment on patient’s neck line shape and helps shorten the treatment time for patients. Therefore, it can be used as a new method to relieve the pain of patients undergoing horizontal neck line injection.
“Electrochemical Lipolysis Induces Adipocyte Death and Fat Necrosis: In Vivo Pilot Study in Pigs”
Authors: Pham Tiffany T. , Heidari Andrew E. , Hong Ellen M. , Steward Earl , Qu Yueqiao , Chen Lily Y. , Dunn Brandyn S. , Seo Soo Hong , Syed Adeela , Dilley Katelyn , Lee Lauren , Hutchison Dana M. , Hansen Kyle D. , Patel Urja , Kim Sehwan , Hill Michael G. , Wong Brian J. F. 
Published: May 2023

Background:Current minimally invasive fat reduction modalities utilize equipment that can cost thousands of United States dollars. Electrochemical Lipolysis (ECLL), utilizing low-cost battery and electrodes (about $10), creates acid/base within fat (width ~3 mm), damaging adipocytes. Longitudinal effects of ECLL have not been studied. In this pilot study, we hypothesize in vivo ECLL induces fat necrosis, decreases adipocyte number/viability, and forms lipid droplets (LDs).Methods:Two female Yorkshire pigs (50-60 kg) received ECLL (pig 1: 10 sites ECLL, 10 sites untreated; pig 2: 12 sites ECLL, 12 sites untreated). For ECLL, two electrodes were inserted into dorsal subcutaneous fat and direct current was applied for 5 minutes. Adverse effects of excessive pain, bleeding, infection, and agitation were monitored. Histology, live-dead (Calcein, Hoechst, Ethidium Homodimer), and morphology (Bodipy and Hoechst) assays were performed on day 0 post-procedure, 1, 2, 7, 14 (pig 1, pig 2), and 28 (pig 2). Average particle area (APA), fluorescence signal areas, and adipocytes and LD numbers were compared.Results:No adverse effects occurred. Live-dead showed adipocyte death on anode days 0-7 and cathode days 1-2 (not significant). Bodipy showed significant adipocyte loss at all sites (p<0.001) and LD formation cathode day 2 (p=0.0046). Histology revealed fat necrosis with significant increases in APA at anode and cathode by day 14 (+277.3% change compared to untreated, p <0.0001; +143.4%, p <0.0001) and day 28 (+498.6%, p <0.0001; +354.5%, p <0.0001).Conclusions:In vivo ECLL induces fat necrosis in pigs. Further studies are needed to evaluate volumetric fat reduction.Clinical Relevance Statement In vivo electrochemical lipolysis (ECLL) induces adipocyte death and fat necrosis. ELL has the potential to be utilize in body fat contouring.
State Firearm Laws and Rate of Assault-Related Firearm Death
Authors: Kawano Bradley , Agarwal Suresh , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Raghunathan Karthik , Fernandez-Moure Joseph S , Haines Krista L 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Studying firearm-related mortality is important to reduce preventable firearm death in the US. This study aims to determine the relationship between firearm laws and assault death with firearms.

STUDY DESIGN:
This ecologic study used public data from the CDC Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research on decedents age 18 years or older who died from assault with firearms between 2009 and 2018 in all 50 states and Washington, DC. The outcomes were the rate of mortality per 100,000 persons from assault death by firearm used. Exposures of interest included the presence of 7 state firearm laws extracted from the RAND State Firearm Law Database. Welch’s t tests were performed to compare mean mortality rate in states with each firearm law to states without each law.

RESULTS:
There were 114,945 deaths from assault with firearms from 2009 to 2018. States with “stand your ground” laws had a higher assault mortality rate from all firearms and from other/unspecified firearms than states without stand your ground laws (p = 0.026; p = 0.023). States with background checks for private sales of handguns and long guns had a lower assault mortality rate from handguns and rifles, shotguns, and large firearms, respectively, than states without either law (p = 0.019; p = 0.030).

CONCLUSIONS:
Stand your ground laws are correlated with a higher rate of gun-related assault death, but background checks on private sales are correlated with a lower rate. Future studies should elucidate the specific pathways by which state laws reduce, or fail to reduce, firearm-related assault death.
Does celecoxib with sodium valproate have an augmentation effect on acute mania in bipolar disorder? A double-blind controlled clinical trial in Iran
Authors: Faridhosseini Farhad , Talaei Ali , Shahini Najmeh , Salimi Zanireh , Eslamzadeh Mahboubeh , Ahrari Samira , Pourgholami Meysam , Khadem-Rezaiyan Majid 
Published: May 2023

Inflammatory processes in the brain play a role in acute mania etiopathogenesis. There is little evidence indicating the efficacy of celecoxib adjuvant therapy in treatmenting of manic episodes of bipolar disorder. Therefore, this clinical trial aimed to assess the celecoxib effect on treating acute mania. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 58 patients meeting the criteria for acute mania were enrolled. After considering eligibility, 45 patients were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups. The first group (23 patients) received sodium valproate 400 mg/day along with celecoxib 400 mg/day, and the second group (22 patients) received sodium valproate 400 mg/day and a placebo. The subjects were evaluated by the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) at the beginning of the study and 9, 18, and 28 days following the initiation of the medication. Evaluation of baseline factors indicated a significant difference in age (P = 0.01) and psychiatric history (P = 0.02) between the two groups. However, other factors were similar between groups (P ≥ 0.05). Comparing the YMRS score between celecoxib and placebo groups revealed no significant difference on days 0, 9, 18, and 28. However, the YMRS score at the end of the study decreased by 16.05 ± 7.65 in the intervention group (P < 0.001) and 12.50 ± 5.98 in controls (P < 0.001) compared to the baseline, the trend of change was not significant between the two groups during the time of the study (F = 0.38; P = 0.84). Although celecoxib adjuvant therapy indicated no considerable side effects, a longer treatment duration may be needed to detect its beneficial effects for treating acute mania in bipolar patients.
Trial registration: Iran clinical trial register: IRCT20200306046708N1.