bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kualitatif Pewarna Rhodamin B Pada Terasi Dengan Metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis
Authors: Muawanah Muawanah , Arisanti Dewi , Razak Abdul , Rasyid Nur Qadri 
Published: June 2023

Terasi merupakan salah satu produk perikanan yang diperoleh dengan proses fermentasi dan berbahan dasar utama baik udang kecil maupun ikan. Dalam produksi terasi terkadang ada pedagang menambahkan zat pewarna yang dilarang seperti rhodamin B menurut Permenkes RI Nomor 239/MenKes/Per/V/85 karena merupakan bahan pewarna sintetis untuk kertas, tekstil maupun tinta, sehingga rhodamin B dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi hati sampai mengakibatkan kanker apabila digunakan dalam produk makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pewarna rhodamin B pada terasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara Purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 10 (sepuluh) sampel.terasi. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis kualitatif pewarna rhodamin B dengan menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari 10 sampel diperoleh yaitu 6 sampel terasi positif mengandung pewarna rhodamin B dan 4 sampel tidak mengandung pewarna rhodamin B yang dilihat berdasarkan bercak noda dan nilai Rf dari sampel dan standar rhodamin B. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar dari sampel terasi mengandung pewarna rhodamin B.
Konsep Maslahah pada Produk Perbankan Sharia Card
Authors: Fadel Muhammad , Mukhtar Lutfi  , Nasrullah Bin Sapa  , Nurjannah  
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine sharia economic law and problems regarding the use of sharia credit cards which have now become a tool for today's transactions. This research is a library research with descriptive qualitative method. Data obtained from secondary data, namely various journals, research, books that are relevant to the discussion. Data obtained from various literatures were then analyzed, then data reduction, and resulted in classification of data by describing it in the discussion, in order to obtain conclusions. The results of this study are that Islamic credit cards are permissible based on the DSN MUI fatwa No. 54/DSN-MUI/X/2006 concerning sharia cards with various provisions that still pay attention to sharia principles, such as not incurring usury, not being used for transactions that are not in accordance with sharia, not encouraging excessive spending. Of course there are benefits to credit cards, but these can still be minimized. The use of sharia credit cards is still at the maslahah tahsiniyyah level, but can be changed to hajiyyah which is adjusted to the needs of the cardholder. This research can provide consumers with an understanding regarding muamalah law so that they can determine the choice of credit card to use and can also ensure the correlation of problems with the product used.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hukum muamalah dan korelasinya terhadap maslahah mengenai penggunaan kartu kredit syari’ah yang saat ini telah menjadi alat transaksi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi pustaka (library research) dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari data sekunder yaitu berbagai jurnal, penelitian dan buku yang relevan dengan pembahasan. Data yang diperoleh dari berbagai literatur kemudian dianalisis, lalu reduksi data, dan dihasilkan klasifikasi data dengan mendeskripsikannya pada pembahasan, sehingga diperoleh kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kartu kredit syari’ah dibolehkan berdasarkan fatwa DSN MUI No. 54/DSN-MUI/X/2006 tentang sharia card dengan berbagai ketentuan yang tetap memerhatikan prinisp-prinsip syari’ah, seperti tidak menimbulkan riba, tidak digunakan untuk transaksi yang tidak sesuai dengan syari’ah, tidak mendorong pengeluaran yang berlebihan. Berbagai manfaat atas kartu kredit tentu terdapat mafsadat, namun masih dapat diminimalisir. Pengunaan kartu kredit syari’ah masih pada tataran maslahah tahsiniyyah, namun dapat berubah menjadi hajiyyah yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pemegang kartu. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan pemahaman terkait hukum muamalah kepada konsumen sehingga dapat menentukan pilihan kartu kredit yang akan digunakan dan juga dapat memastikan korelasi maslahah pada produk yang digunakan.
DIREITOS POLÍTICOS: ANÁLISE HISTÓRICA, CONSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL DE 1988 E STF
Authors: Pereira Caroline Quadros da Silveira , Mitidiero Guilherme Pires 
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo trata da evolução histórica dos direitos políticos, a partir do primeiro documento jurídico garantidor desses direitos, a Declaração dos Bons Povos da Virgínia (1776), até a concepção de direitos políticos adotada pela Constituição Federal de 1988, de acordo com a interpretação dada a essas normas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. De simples direito de votar e de ser votado, hoje, os direitos políticos possuem relação de interdependência e reciprocidade com o conteúdo dos direitos fundamentais e da democracia. Assim, este artigo tem o seguinte problema de pesquisa: como se verifica a construção dos direitos políticos no decorrer da história e qual o estágio de desenvolvimento desses direitos na atualidade? Nesse sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo geral a análise e o estudo do processo de construção histórica dos direitos políticos e da atual concepção desses direitos. Além disso, o objetivo específico deste estudo consiste em examinar os primeiros documentos jurídicos quanto ao tema, os pactos internacionais mais relevantes, a forma como esses direitos foram assegurados pela Constituição Federal de 1988, bem como a atual interpretação desses direitos pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Nesta pesquisa, como método de abordagem utilizado, optou-se pelo método dedutivo. Ainda, os métodos de procedimento utilizados foram o método histórico e o método comparativo.
As pharma is to people, so infrastructure is to cities
Authors: Erdem Fatma A. , Varga Liz 
Published: June 2023

The pharmaceutical industry is a profit-making sector of the healthcare system and has grown into a self-regulating complex system over the years. Starting from the pre-clinical to clinical development of drugs to the authorisation and marketing thereof, a typical multi-national pharmaceutical company of today operates in complex ways which partly emerge from the multiple interactions within and without the company. The complexity is further given by the unpredictability of the outcomes: merely 1 out of 10 drugs that are in development are likely to be approved. The plethora of regulations by authorities such as the European Medicines Agency pose a negative feedback on this complex system which is further aggravated by the reimbursement landscape of each country, taking a toll on the innovative side of this privately funded sector.
By analogy, infrastructure operations with distinct supply systems delivering specific critical products and services, pharmaceutical companies have become the exclusive suppliers of drugs within the healthcare system. Increasingly traditional public sector infrastructure provision has been privatised, as has national health services drug development, resulting in high levels of regulation in each, constraining innovation and profitability, hall-marks of the private sector. Just as infrastructure delivers the life-blood of cities, pharma delivers medicines for the health of individuals: both aim for public health and societal good. Failures in infrastructure delivery, such as unaffordability by the poor, match with pharma failures to provide equitably to all individuals: the poor cannot afford the best drugs. The urban sprawl in cities and the rise of informal settlements without sufficient infrastructure, can be observed in health care by the rise in use of alternative and unreliable medications by sections of the population who are excluded from pharma penetration.
Our work studies such analogies between infrastructure and pharmaceutical companies in the hope of a better understanding of the operations of and connections with each other and inspirations about finding solutions from these two similar, yet distinct complex systems.
Benefits of First2 Network immersive bridge programs at Fairmont State University
Authors: Keener Eliza 
Published: June 2023

Eliza Keener, Dept of Engineering Technology, Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV 26554, and Landon Brewer, Dept of Natural Sciences, Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV 26554. Benefits of First2 Network immersive bridge programs at Fairmont State University.
The First2 Network’s Immersion program at Fairmont State University provides a college bridge experience for incoming students in science, technology and engineering and math (STEM). The First2 Network’s goal is to guide and assist rural, first-generation, and other underrepresented STEM college students. The summer immersion bridge experience immerses students into college life. Students stay in dorms and learn what it’s like to be away from home while engaging in a program which includes real research projects in collaboration with professors and peer mentors, introductions to campus resources, and social events. This program helps students get acclimated to college, making it an easier adjustment. The immersive experience also provides connections and a safe space that students can go to when they have questions or need help.
As students who attended the immersive program during the summer of 2022, we can say that it helped us greatly. Not only did we learn about all the resources on campus, but we got real lab experience. We were lab partners conducting analytical chemistry research on lead in paint. We performed all the lab work with supervision and guidance from chemistry professors and lab assistants. At the end of the 2 weeks, we presented our research to students, faculty, and family members. This immersion program was resume and experience building, that helped us make connections with our peers that a have persisted throughout our first year.
Effects of Household Cleaning Supplies on Trace Blood Evidence
Authors: Kimberly  , Kristy  
Published: June 2023

This research is useful in forensic laboratories to prevent contamination. If a cleaner was found to remove all traces of blood, it could be used to sterilize lab benches and equipment to ensure no cross contamination between pieces of evidence. It could also be used in the field to determine which presumptive test would be more useful in different scenarios. The purpose of this project was to determine if common household cleaners could efficiently remove the presence of blood. To test this theory, I used hydrogen peroxide cleaner, dawn dish soap, and Clorox bleach to clean blood from three surfaces, laminate flooring, textured glass, and carpet. This was done using two different cleaning materials, paper towels and microfiber cloths, at 3-time intervals. After removing the visual evidence of blood, I tested for residual blood using two different presumptive tests, tetramethylbenzidine and phenolphthalein.
Results show that three out of the twelve variable combinations gave all positive results. Over 50% of the presumptive tests ran on textured glass were negative. From the results of the presumptive tests, it was found that the tetramethylbenzidine test was more sensitive than the phenolphthalein test. Household cleaners do not effectively clean up blood, leaving behind enough residual blood to test positive using presumptive blood tests. The tetramethylbenzidine test was more sensitive than the other. More variables should be tested to determine the effects of household cleaners on surfaces such as furniture. Different presumptive tests should also be examined.
Screening Resorufin Pentyl Ether Analogs for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity Against Francisella tularensis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Hall Mackenzie 
Published: June 2023

Antibiotic resistance is an urgent public health threat. The CDC estimates there are approximately 2.8 million new cases of antibiotic-resistant infections annually resulting in 35,000 deaths and billions of dollars in health care costs. The development of new drugs is imperative to combat this crisis and prevent the loss of additional lives from once “curable” diseases. Resazomycins, a novel family of antibiotics, have bactericidal activity against Francisella tularensis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. One resazomycin, resorufin pentyl ether (RPE), significantly reduces vaginal colonization by N. gonorrhoeae in a mouse model of infection. Repeated administration of RPE, however, fails to clear the infection, in contrast to a single dose of ceftriaxone, an antibiotic commonly used to treat gonorrhea, which clears the infection within 24 hours. Further characterization of resazomycins revealed the efficacy of these compounds is limited by interaction with serum albumin and reduced oxygen concentrations found within mammalian tissues. Therefore, we hypothesize that novel resazurin analogs that maintain antimicrobial activity in the presence of serum albumin and low oxygen will have improved therapeutic efficacy in vivo. To date, two different derivatives of RPE have been synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity against F. tularensis and N. gonorrhoeae – 1-methyl RPE and 4-methyl RPE. Neither of these compounds inhibited the growth of F. tularensis or N. gonorrhoeae. Next, we plan to prepare a series of ketone derivatives of resazurin to alter the electrophilicity and reduction potential of these compounds and test their efficacy against F. tularensis and N. gonorrhoeae.
The role of chemokine signaling in habenular axon projection in zebrafish
Authors: Roberson Sara , Anderson Ryan , Stress Catherine 
Published: June 2023

The habenula is a conserved region of the brain that affects emotion and behavior, and is located in the dorsal diencephalon of zebrafish. Previous work has shown that chemokine signaling plays a significant role in the direction of habenular axon growth. The chemokine receptor cxcr4b is expressed in habenular precursors and the Cxcr4b protein is found on the newly forming habenular axons. Chemokine ligands Cxcl12a and Cxcl12b are both found in the region around the developing habenula. The focus of this research is to examine the relationship of these two chemokines to determine their respective roles in directing axon outgrowth. The relative expression domains of the two chemokine ligands are of interest, as it is unknown if their expression domains overlap. Additionally, we are identifying fish that are heterozygous for a mutation in the cxcl12b gene to examine habenular axons in larvae lacking functional Cxcl12b. To explore the role of Cxc12a we have performed overexpression experiments using a heat shock protocol in fish carrying a fluorescent marker of the habenular and its axons. However, the current transgenic method to confirm overexpression of cxcl12a interferes with visualization of the habenular region. We plan to employ a chemical protocol to validate disruption of chemokine signaling that does not compromise observation of the habenula and its axons.
Fulbright Project Experience in Nepal: Promoting Effective Teaching Practices and Active Learning for Student Success and Faculty Development
Authors: Panta Yogendra M 
Published: June 2023

This presentation outlines my project experience as a Fulbright Teaching/Research Scholar in the Institute of Engineering- Tribhuvan University, Nepal. My project and the institutional collaboration in Nepal were mainly related to sharing tools and techniques on effective teaching practices, and active learning, with a focus on training effective teaching practices and exploring their impacts on the teaching and learning process in Nepal. University educators of Nepal were hosted with interactive presentations and workshops on these topics. In addition to these presentations and workshops, great experience of mentoring teaching faculty, co-advising research projects/thesis works and attending education forums were also gained. Faculty survey outcomes reveal the importance of workshops for faculty development and student success. Project experience including its challenges, and opportunities will be discussed in this presentation.
This project was funded by the U.S. State Department- Fulbright program of the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, hosted by the Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University, and was supported by West Virginia University, West Virginia University Institute of Technology and the United States Educational Foundation (USEF), Nepal.
Superposition as a Means of Data Encryption in N-Dimensional Value Spaces
Authors: Burgee Tyler 
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study was to provide a new method for creating quantum-proof encryption algorithms. I accomplished this by designing a symmetric 2-key cryptosystem that exploits the superposition principle to encrypt data in multi-dimensional value spaces.
The proposed cryptosystem substitutes characters for frequencies, as determined by two private keys: component wave order key (CWOK) and character transmission order key (CTOK). A CWOK defines the values and theoretical spatial arrangement of frequencies in a complex wave. A CTOK defines the unique arrangement of system characters (i.e., characters in an encoding scheme such as ASCII), determined by a hash function, to identify a user. Combining the CWOK and CTOK, we construct a character-lookup table (CLT), which defines the character-frequency relationships used to generate a substitution cipher. A cipher’s frequency values must be superimposed in accordance with the CWOK. Fast Fourier Transforms are used during the decryption stage to perform complex wave analysis.
Complex waves can have n! frequency configurations, where n = the number of component frequencies; each CTOK can have a! character configurations, where a = the number of characters defined in an encoding scheme. Therefore, by requiring n ≥128 and using the ASCII encoding scheme (a = 128), there are n!+a!=128!+128!=2*128! possible key configurations for any given cipher. This is approximately 3.330284e+138 times as many key configurations possible with AES 256.
Exploiting the multi-dimensional nature of complex waves, and combining these techniques with other powerful encryption algorithms used today, it appears likely that we can create a quantum-proof cryptosystem.
Does Eye Color Affect Vision Acuity in a Variety of Light Conditions?
Authors: Varney Tailynn , Henson Kristy 
Published: June 2023

Eye color is a physical characteristic that varies from person-to-person. Due to a range of difference in pigmentation of the iris, people with different eye colors tend to see the world differently. For those with lighter eyes, it may be more difficult to see clearly in environments with certain light conditions or intensities. Throughout a person’s life, they encounter several different forms of light ranging from natural sunlight to artificial lighting. In my research, I investigated whether a person’s eye color influences their vision in artificial lighting compared to natural lighting. Preliminary results show that light did influence visual acuity. However, there was no correlation between eye color and light influenced vision changes. To assess vision, participants were asked to cover each eye and read a Snellen eye chart. This was completed a total of 4 times. Using two separate eye charts, each with a different color background behind the chart, participants were tested at 10 and 20 feet away from the charts. Each test was presented in a room with only artificial light, and outside of the building in natural light. This information can help individuals ensure that the change in vision, if any, caused by different kinds of light does not negatively influence their everyday life. In extreme situations those with eyes more sensitive to certain types of light could cause harm to themselves or others around them. Having this information about oneself is helpful to all people, not just those with a history of eye issues.
Role of LpnA in Francisella tularensis Susceptibility to Resazurin.
Authors: Beatty Emma , Schmitt Deanna 
Published: June 2023

Francisella tularensis is defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a Category A bioterrorism agent due to its low infectious dose, high mortality rate, and ease of aerosolization. Given there is no licensed tularemia vaccine in the United States and the possible development and release of antibiotic-resistant F. tularensis strains, there is an urgent need for new treatments against this bacterium. We determined the phenoxazine dye resazurin (Rz) exhibits antimicrobial activity against F. tularensis and other gram-negative bacteria. The mode of action of this compound is not understood, but potential targets of Rz were identified in a high throughput screen for resistant isolates. Ninety-three percent of the Rz-resistant (Rzr) isolates sequenced contained mutations within the coding regions of FTL_0421 (lpnA), FTL_0895, and FTL_1504 (katG). To confirm mutation of lpnA was contributing to Rz resistance, we introduced a wild-type copy of lpnA into Rzr1 and then assessed the susceptibility of the resulting complemented strain (Rzr1/pABST-lpnA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Rzr1 and Rzr1/pABST-lpnA were similar, therefore, we wanted to confirm we were restoring expression of LpnA in the complemented strain via Western blot analysis. As expected, LpnA was expressed in wild-type LVS but not in Rzr1 due to the genetic mutation. In the Rzr1 strain transformed with pABST-lpnA, we still did not observe expression of LpnA suggesting our complementation strategy was ineffective. In the future, we plan to take an alternative approach to investigate the role of LpnA in resazurin resistance by creating a lpnA deletion mutant.
The Effect of Dillapiole on the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli
Authors: Bailey Kaitlyn 
Published: June 2023

Dillapiole, a compound isolated from the plant, Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel, Hinojo), was previously discovered to have been effective at diminishing virulence factor expression of Francisella tularensis, a gram-negative bacterium with bioterror potential. The purpose of this work is to examine the therapeutic potential of dillapiole on other pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli. E. coli is a motile, rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium that is typically found in the intestines of animals and humans and can be an opportunistic pathogen. With the increase of multi-drug resistance among various bacteria, it is important for further research on new therapeutic agents. As in previous studies involving F. tularensis, data presented here suggest that dillapiole does not directly diminish the viability of E. coli. Dubia cockroach infection assays were used to evaluate the ability of dillapiole to dampen the pathogenesis of E. coli. Roaches infected with E. coli that were subsequently treated with dillapiole exhibited similar survival to those treated with tetracycline. However, cockroaches that were treated with the vehicle (DMSO) exhibited reduced levels of survival. This finding suggests that dillapiole might be dampening E. coli pathogenesis or could be modulating cockroach immunity. Ongoing studies are focusing on the effect of dillapiole on E. coli virulence gene expression (Supported by NIH Grant P20GM103434 to the West Virginia IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence).