bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Attitudes About Lumbar Puncture in Children With Suspected Central Nervous System Infection
Authors: Sahin Aslıhan , Kara-Aksay Ahu , Demir Gulsah , Ekemen-Keles Yıldız , Ustundag Gulnihan , Berksoy Emel , Karadag-Oncel Eda , Yilmaz Dilek 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate parents' attitudes toward lumbar puncture (LP) for their children with suspected central nervous system infection to determine the reasons for rejection and related factors.

Methods
The survey was provided to parents of children (1 month to 18 years old) for whom LP was recommended because of a concern for central nervous system infection. Sociodemographic characteristics and other related factors of parents who did and did not approve of LP were compared statistically. The reasons for the disapproval of parents who refused LP were revealed.

Results
A total of 100 parents were included in the study. Eighty-two percent of the participating parents were mothers, and the median age of the mothers was 31 years (min: 17 years; max: 70 years). The median age of the fathers was 37 years (min: 22 years; max: 60 years). Among the parents, 34% did not give consent for LP. The most common reason for the participants to refuse LP was fear of paralysis of their children due to the procedure (82.3%). There was a statistical difference between the approval of the LP procedure and the person who informed the parents about the LP procedure and read the informed consent form (P = 0.004 and P = 0.038, respectively).
As a result of the binary logistic regression analysis, it was seen that the rate of acceptance of the LP procedure by the parents informed by the specialist doctors was 7.1-fold (P = 0.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–37.6) higher than the parents informed by the resident physicians.

Conclusion
The informed consent process mainly influenced parents' attitudes toward LP. To increase the acceptance rates of LP, we should standardize the informed consent process so that it is not affected by factors such as seniority of the physician.
Optimizing Education During Pediatric Resident Mock Code Sessions
Authors: Zimmerman Elise , Wai Shannon S. , Hollenbach Kathryn A. , Cameron Melissa A. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Most pediatric residents have limited opportunities to manage cardiac arrest. We used simulation to fill that educational void. Given work hours and other obligations, resident education sessions must be high-yield. We examined the effectiveness of adding varying amounts of formal education to a mock code session on resident knowledge and confidence in managing pediatric cardiac arrest compared with participation alone.

Methods
Convenient groups of 3 to 8 pediatric residents completed a simulation session with the identical scenario: a 3-month-old infant with pulseless ventricular tachycardia and then pulseless electrical activity. All residents completed pretests and posttests, which consisted of open-ended knowledge questions from the American Heart Association Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines and confidence Likert scale assessments. Resident groups were assigned to 1 of 3 educational models: experiential-only: participation in the mock, traditional: mock code participation with standardized education after the mock code, or reinforced: standardized education before and after mock code participation.

Results
Ninety-five residents participated. Collectively, residents demonstrated a median 2-point (interquartile range, 1–4) increase in knowledge (test maximum score, 10) after they attended a mock code simulation session (P < 0.0001); however, there were no statistically significant differences noted between educational modalities. All residents also demonstrated a 4-point median increase in confidence (test maximum score, 25) after completing their simulation session (interquartile range, 3–6) (P < 0.001), but no differences were seen by type or amount of accompanying education.

Conclusions
Residents had gains in confidence and knowledge of pediatric cardiac arrest management after participation in the mock code. Formal educational sessions and reinforced formal education sessions accompanying the mock code did not significantly increase knowledge or confidence.
Enhancing Breast Ultrasound Segmentation through Fine-tuning and Optimization Techniques: Sharp Attention UNet
Authors: Khaledyan Donya , Marini Thomas J. , O’Connell Avice , Parker Kevin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSegmentation of breast ultrasound images is a crucial and challenging task in computer-aided diagnosis systems. Accurately segmenting masses in benign and malignant cases and identifying regions with no mass is a primary objective in breast ultrasound image segmentation. Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful tool in medical image segmentation, revolutionizing how medical professionals analyze and interpret complex imaging data. The UNet architecture is a highly regarded and widely used DL model in medical image segmentation. Its distinctive architectural design and exceptional performance have made it a popular choice among researchers in the medical image segmentation field. With the increase in data and model complexity, optimization and fine-tuning models play a vital and more challenging role than before. This paper presents a comparative study evaluating the effect of image preprocessing and different optimization techniques and the importance of fine-tuning different UNet segmentation models for breast ultrasound images. Optimization and fine-tuning techniques have been applied to enhance the performance of UNet, Sharp UNet, and Attention UNet. Building upon this progress, we designed a novel approach by combining Sharp UNet and Attention UNet, known as Sharp Attention UNet. Our analysis yielded the following quantitative evaluation metrics for the Sharp Attention UNet: the dice coefficient, specificity, sensitivity, and F1 score obtained values of 0.9283, 0.9936, 0.9426, and 0.9412, respectively. In addition, McNemar’s statistical test was applied to assess significant differences between the approaches. Across a number of measures, our proposed model outperforms the earlier designed models and points towards improved breast lesion segmentation algorithms.
Electrical spiking activity of proteinoids-ZnO colloids
Authors: Mougkogiannis Panagiotis , Kheirabadi Noushin Raeisi , Chiolerio Alessandro , Adamatzky Andrew 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe are studying the remarkable electrical properties of Proteinoids-ZnO micro-spheres with the aim of exploring their potential for a new form of computing. Our research has revealed that these microspheres exhibit behavior similar to neurons, generating electrical spikes that resemble action potentials. Through our investigations, we have studied the underlying mechanism behind this electrical activity and proposed that the spikes arise from oscillations between the degradation and reorganization of proteinoid molecules on the surface of ZnO. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential use of Proteinoids-ZnO colloids in unconventional computing and the development of novel neuromorphic liquid circuits.
Autoantibodies to nuclear valosin-containing protein-like protein: identification and characterization of systemic sclerosis-related anti-nucleolar antibodies utilizingin vitrohuman proteome
Authors: Matsuda Kazuki M , Kotani Hirohito , Yamaguchi Kei , Ono Chihiro , Okumura Taishi , Ogawa Koji , Miya Ayako , Sato Ayaka , Uchino Rikako , Yumi Murakami , Matsunaka Hiroshi , Kono Masanori , Norimatsu Yuta , Hisamoto Teruyoshi , Kawanabe Ruriko , Kuzumi Ai , Fukasawa Takemichi , Yoshizaki-Ogawa Asako , Okamura Tomohisa , Shoda Hirofumi , Fujio Keishi , Matsushita Takashi , Goshima Naoki , Sato Shinichi , Yoshizaki Ayumi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo identify and characterize undescribed systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related autoantibodies targeting nucleolar antigens and to assess their clinical significance.MethodsWe conducted proteome-wide autoantibody screening (PWAS) against serum samples from SSc patients with nucleolar patterned anti-nuclear antibodies (NUC-ANAs) of specific antibodies (Abs) unknown, utilizing wet protein arrays fabricated fromin vitrohuman proteome. Controls included SSc patients with already-known SSc-related autoantibodies, patients with other connective tissue diseases, and healthy subjects. The selection of nucleolar antigens was performed by database search in the Human Protein Atlas. The Presence of autoantibodies was certified by immunoblots, indirect immunofluorescence assays, and immunoprecipitations. Clinical assessment was conducted by retrospective review of electric medical records.ResultsPWAS identified autoantibodies targeting nuclear valosin-containing protein-like (NVL), DIM1 rRNA methyltransferase ribosome maturation factor (DIMT1), and telomeric repeat binding factor 1 (TERF1) as candidates. Additional measurements in disease controls revealed that only anti-NVL Abs are exclusively detected in SSc. Detection of anti-NVL Abs was reproduced by conventional assays. Anti-NVL Ab-positive cases were characterized by significantly low prevalence of diffuse skin sclerosis and interstitial lung disease, compared to SSc cases with NUC-ANAs other than anti-NVL Abs, such as anti-U3-RNP and anti-Th/To Abs.ConclusionsAnti-NVL Ab is an SSc-related autoantibody associated with a unique combination of clinical features, including limited skin sclerosis and lack of lung involvement.
Common- and rare-variant genetic architecture of heart failure across the allele frequency spectrum
Authors: Lee David S.M. , Cardone Kathleen M. , Zhang David Y. , Tsao Noah L. , Abramowitz Sarah , Sharma Pranav , DePaolo John S. , Conery Mitchell , Aragam Krishna G. , Biddinger Kiran , Dilitikas Ozan , Hoffman-Andrews Lily , Judy Renae L. , Khan Atlas , Kulo Iftikhar , Puckelwartz Megan J. , Reza Nosheen , Satterfield Benjamin A. , Singhal Pankhuri , Center Regeneron Genetics , Arany Zoltan P. , Cappola Thomas P. , Carruth Eric , Day Sharlene M. , Do Ron , Haggarty Christopher M. , Joseph Jacob , McNally Elizabeth M. , Nadkarni Girish , Owens Anjali T. , Rader Daniel J. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Sun Yan V. , Voight Benjamin F. , Levin Michael G. , Damrauer Scott M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a complex trait, influenced by environmental and genetic factors, which affects over 30 million individuals worldwide. Historically, the genetics of HF have been studied in Mendelian forms of disease, where rare genetic variants have been linked to familial cardiomyopathies. More recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified common genetic variants associated with risk of HF. However, the relative importance of genetic variants across the allele-frequency spectrum remains incompletely characterized. Here, we report the results of common- and rare-variant association studies of all-cause heart failure, applying recently developed methods to quantify the heritability of HF attributable to different classes of genetic variation. We combine GWAS data across multiple populations including 207,346 individuals with HF and 2,151,210 without, identifying 176 risk loci at genome-wide significance (P-value < 5×10−8). Signals at newly identified common-variant loci include coding variants in Mendelian cardiomyopathy genes (MYBPC3,BAG3) and in regulators of lipoprotein (LPL) and glucose metabolism (GIPR,GLP1R). These signals are enriched in myocyte and adipocyte cell types and can be clustered into 5 broad modules based on pleiotropic associations with anthropomorphic traits/obesity, blood pressure/renal function, atherosclerosis/lipids, immune activity, and arrhythmias. Gene burden studies across three biobanks (PMBB, UKB, AOU), including 27,208 individuals with HF and 349,126 without, uncover exome-wide significant (P-value < 1.57×10−6) associations for HF and rare predicted loss-of-function (pLoF) variants inTTN,MYBPC3,FLNC, and BAG3.Total burden heritability of rare coding variants (2.2%, 95% CI 0.99-3.5%) is highly concentrated in a small set of Mendelian cardiomyopathy genes, while common variant heritability (4.3%, 95% CI 3.9-4.7%) is more diffusely spread throughout the genome. Finally, we show that common-variant background, in the form of a polygenic risk score (PRS), significantly modifies the risk of HF among carriers of pathogenic truncating variants in the Mendelian cardiomyopathy gene TTN. Together, these findings provide a genetic link between dysregulated metabolism and HF, and suggest a significant polygenic component to HF exists that is not captured by current clinical genetic testing.
Induced-hyperandrogenism in female rats: assessing possible modulation of neurobehavioural and neurotransmitter changes following clomiphene/letrozole intervention
Authors: Onaolapo Olakunle J. , Aworinde Olufemi O. , Olofinnade Anthony T , Onaolapo Adejoke Y. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHyperandrogenism is the excessive production of androgenic hormones resulting in infertility in a number of women. While letrozole and clomiphene citrate have been used to increase chances of achieving pregnancy, their effects on the brain has been scarcely studied. This study examined the effects of clomiphene and letrozole alone or in combination on neurobehavioural and neurochemical changes in female rats exposed to testosterone. Weaned rats were assigned into eight groups of ten each. Animals were grouped as normal control administered vehicle (normal saline) orally at 10 ml/kg or subcutaneously at 2 ml/kg, three groups administered clomiphene (CLOM) at 100 µg/kg, letrozole (LETR) at 5 mg/kg and or a combination of clomiphene and letrozole (CLOM/LETR) orally and saline subcutaneously. There were also four groups Testosterone (Test), Test/CLOM, Test/LETR or Test/CLOM+LETR administered testosterone enantate subcutaneously at 1 mg/100 g. Testosterone or saline was administered from day 1-35, while beginning on day 36, clomiphene, letrozole or saline was administered daily for 10 days. At the end of the dosing period, animals were exposed to different behavioural paradigms. After the behavioural tests, animals were sacrificed, the cerebral cortex was homogenised for the assessment of biochemical assays. The result showed an increase in body weight, food intake, locomotor activity, rearing and self grooming with CLOM, LETR and CLOM/LETR in all treated groups. Decreased spatial working memory and anxiolysis was observed with letrozole and/or clomiphene. Increased oxidative stress, decreased total antioxidant capacity, altered inflammatory cytokines and brain neurotransmitter were observed with letrozole and /or clomiphene. In conclusion, the administration of clomiphene and/or letrozole was associated with significant alterations in brain function, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and brain neurotransmitter levels.
Host species and geography impact bee-associated RNA virus communities with evidence for isolation-by-distance in viral populations
Authors: Robinson Chris R. P. , Dolezal Adam G. , Newton Irene L. G. 
Published: July 2023

1AbstractVirus symbionts are important mediators of ecosystem function, yet we know little of their diversity and ecology in natural populations. The alarming decline of pollinating insects, especially the European honey bee,Apis mellifera, has been driven in part by worldwide transmission of virus pathogens. Previous work has examined the transmission of known honey bee virus pathogens to wild bee populations, but only a handful of studies have investigated the native viromes associated with these bees, limiting epidemiological predictors associated with viral pathogenesis. Further, social variation among different bee species might have important consequences in the acquisition and maintenance of bee-associated virome diversity.We utilized comparative metatranscriptomics to develop a baseline description of the RNA viromes associated with wild bee pollinators and to document the interaction between hymenopteran insect social behavior and virus community composition. Our sampling includes five wild-caught, native bee species that vary in social behavior as well as managed honey bees. We describe 26 putatively new RNA virus species and contrary to our expectations, find few differences in virus diversity or abundance among socially variable bee species. Each bee species was associated with a specific virus community composition, even among sympatric populations of distinct host species. From 17 samples of a single host species, we recovered a single virus species despite over 600 km of distance between host populations and found strong evidence for isolation-by distance in associated viral populations. Our work adds to the small number of studies examining viral prevalence and community composition in wild bees.
Glove-related contact dermatitis: diagnostic value of a repeated application test
Authors: Lamouroux Céline , Bertolotti Léa , Coste Clio , Pralong Pauline , Lefevre Marine-Alexia , Pasteur Justine , Clément Aude , Ferrier Le Bouëdec Marie-Christine , Charbotel Barbara , Fassier Jean-Baptiste , Vocanson Marc , Nicolas Jean-François , Hacard Florence , Nosbaum Audrey 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundGloves are frequently the cause of occupational hand dermatitis and are responsible for irritant (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The diagnosis of ACD is based on patch tests to gloves (PTg), semi-open tests to gloves (SOg), and patch tests to glove allergens (PTal).ObjectiveThe aim was to define the contribution of a glove repeated application test (GRAT) in the diagnosis strategy of glove-related contact dermatitis.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with hand eczema who wore gloves and who completed a GRAT in the context of allergological explorations. It consisted of applying a piece of the glove maintained by a non-adhesive strip during 10 consecutive nights on the same area of the anterior face of the forearm.ResultsTen patients were diagnosed with ACD to gloves. This diagnosis was made on positive SOg, PTg, GRAT and PTal for 2 patients, positive PTal and GRAT for 3 patients, positive SOg and GRAT for 2 patients, positive GRAT alone for 2 patients, positive PTal alone for 1 patient. The GRAT had better sensitivity than the other tests.ConclusionGRAT seems useful in the diagnostic strategy of glove contact dermatitis and could be proposed when the diagnosis of glove-related contact dermatitis is suspected.
The impact of frailty on the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with persistent critical illness: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Bonavia William , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath , Reddy Mallikarjuna Ponnapa , Pilcher David , Subramaniam Ashwin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesPersistent critical illness (PerCI, ≥10 days in Intensive Care Unit [ICU]) is defined as the time from ICU admission when patients’ antecedent characteristics define their mortality rather than the admission aetiology. Patients with frailty and without COVID-19 have a higher risk of developing and dying from PerCI. We aimed to investigate the impact of frailty on critically ill patients with COVID-19 experiencing PerCI.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multicentre cohort study including 103 Australian and New Zealand ICUs over two years, investigating the impact of frailty, measured with Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), in patients with COVID-19, between patients with and without PerCI.ResultsThe prevalence of PerCI was similar between patients with and without frailty (25.4% vs. 27.9%; p=0.44). Hospital mortality was higher in patients with PerCI than without (28.8% vs. 9.3%; p<0.001), with mortality rising with increasing CFS (p<0.001). Frailty independently predicted hospital mortality, but when adjusted for ANZROD and sex, its impact was no different in patients with and without PerCI (odds ratio [OR]=1.30 [95%-CI: 1.14-1.49] vs. OR=1.46 [95%-CI: 1.29-1.64]).ConclusionsThe presence of frailty independently predicted hospital mortality in patients with PerCI, but frailty did not have a different impact on patients with and without PerCI.
Characteristics and Prognosis of HHV8-Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Wang Fan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHHV8-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (HDN) is a rare and aggressive lymphoma that usually arises in association with HHV8-positive multicentric Castleman disease. The epidemiology, treatment patterns and survival outcomes of HDN are poorly understood.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 67 patients with HDN diagnosed from 2011 to 2020 using the SEER database. The clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment modalities and survival outcomes of HDN patients were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were employed to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 51.8 years, and 79.1% of patients were male. The primary site distribution was mainly nodal (79.1%), while the extranodal sites were rarely involved (20.9%). The majority of patients were white (65.7%). Only 3.0% of patients received radiotherapy, while 55.2% received chemotherapy. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS was 67.4%, 65.6%, 58.4%, and 56.3%, respectively, and the corresponding DSS was 73.1%, 73.1%, and 67.8%, respectively. The diagnosis year group of 2016-2020 had a significantly worse OS than the diagnosis year group of 2011-2015 (P = 0.040), but not for DSS (P = 0.074). No significant survival improvement was observed in patients underwent chemotherapy. Age and marital status were independent prognostic factors for OS, and age was an independent prognostic factor for DSS.ConclusionsHDN is a rare and aggressive disease, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, treatment patterns and survival outcomes of HDN patients for the first time. We revealed that older age and marital status of single were associated with worse survival of HDN, while chemotherapy was not associated with improved survival outcomes in HDN patients.
Machine learning prediction of future amyloid beta positivity in amyloid-negative individuals
Authors: Moradi Elaheh , Prakash Mithilesh , Hall Anette , Solomon Alina , Strange Bryan , Tohka Jussi ,   for the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONThe pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involvesβ-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation. Early identification of individuals with abnormalβ-amyloid levels is crucial, but Aβquantification with positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is invasive and expensive.METHODSWe propose a machine learning framework using standard non-invasive (MRI, demographics, APOE, neuropsychology) measures to predict future Aβ-positivity in Aβ-negative individuals. We separately study Aβ-positivity defined by PET and CSF. RESULTS: Cross-validated AUC for 4-year Aβconversion prediction was 0.78 for the CSF-based and 0.68 for the PET-based Aβdefinitions. Although not trained for the clinical status-change prediction, the CSF-based model excelled in predicting future mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia conversion in cognitively normal/MCI individuals (AUCs, respectively, 0.76 and 0.89 with a separate dataset).DISCUSSIONStandard measures have potential in detecting future Aβ-positivity and assessing conversion risk, even in cognitively normal individuals. The CSF-based definition led to better predictions than the PET-based definition.