bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Obesity Among Healthcare Professionals and Policy Makers in 2023: Results of the Global OPEN Survey
Authors: Dixon John B. , Abdul Ghani Rohana , Sbraccia Paolo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveObesity is a disease with severe health impacts on individuals and economic impacts on society, yet healthcare practitioners (HCPs) and policy makers often fail to address it. This survey was conducted to examine current global obesity care and perceptions influencing care delivery among HCPs and healthcare decision makers (HC DMs).MethodsA survey with a cross‐sectional design was conducted among 1200 HCPs (primary care providers, endocrinologists, cardiologists, and nurses) and 414 HC DMs from eight countries across five continents. Respondents' perceptions of obesity, characteristics of patient populations, obesity management practices, and obesity‐related healthcare policies were collected. Surveys were administered online from June–July 2023. All respondent data were anonymized.ResultsAmong HCPs, 26.4% and 29.0% of HC DMs considered obesity a chronic disease, and 44.6% of HCPs reported that obesity was recorded as a chronic disease in patients' medical records. The pattern of responses was consistent across countries and professional roles. Obesity care approaches focused on lifestyle concerns. HCPs and HC DMs appeared to overestimate the provision of obesity‐related medical care for affected patients.ConclusionThese results corroborate prior findings that many HCPs do not consider obesity a disease, which hinders initiation of appropriate treatment, and also highlight challenges in obesity management, including gaps in obesity guidelines and accessibility to healthcare. These findings may help guide education and outreach by health authorities as well as HCPs.
Have People Treated With Antihypertensives Been Diagnosed With Hypertension? A Cross‐Sectional Study in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Treciokiene Indre , Forslund Tomas , Kahan Thomas , Taxis Katja , Wettermark Björn 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeStudies on antihypertensive treatment are important, as hypertension remains the major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and premature death. However, antihypertensive medicines are also used for other conditions, and the use of these medicines as a proxy for a diagnosis of hypertension might lead to misclassification in pharmacoepidemiological studies. This study aimed to investigate to what extent people dispensed antihypertensive medicines have been diagnosed with hypertension.MethodsCross‐sectional study with data covering all healthcare and all dispensed prescriptions of antihypertensive medicines 2019 and diagnoses recorded 2015–2019 from the Stockholm Region, Sweden. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess the probability of having hypertension concerning age, sex, and antihypertensive drug class.ResultsA total of 386 860 individuals were included, 49% men, 12% incident users, and 80% of all had a recorded diagnosis of hypertension. In 73% of incident users, only one antihypertensive drug class was dispensed, as compared to 36% of prevalent users. A total of 38% of incident users and 9% of prevalent users had none of the diagnoses selected for the study recorded in any health record during 5 years. Prevalent and older users over the age of 65 from high (50%–79%) to very high (80% and more) probability of a recorded diagnosis of hypertension. Patients on antiadrenergic agents, high‐ceiling diuretics, aldosterone antagonists, or beta receptor blockers had a lower probability of having a recorded diagnosis of hypertension than patients dispensed angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or calcium channel blockers.ConclusionMost patients dispensed antihypertensive medicines have a diagnosis of hypertension. However, caution is needed using data on dispensed medicines to classify incident antihypertensive users and younger patients as having a diagnosis of hypertension.
Fresh Pineapple Agronomy in the Republic of Benin: Recent Trends in Calcium Carbide Use and Producer Perceptions
Authors: Fassinou Hotegni Nicodème , Linkpon Orthia L. F. , Adjé Charlotte A. O. , Salaou Mouizz A. B. , Achigan‐Dako Enoch G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill) is among the main fruits produced in West Africa. This is also the case for the Republic of Benin, where pineapple fruit is regarded as an important crop for numerous producers in the Southern part of the country. However, crop production is constrained by various issues, the major one being poor yield caused by current agronomic practices. This has become a bottleneck that affects high‐quality fruit production. The objective of this research was to (i) conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current fresh pineapple production system with a focus on trends over a decade and (ii) explore the compounds used to artificially induce flowering of pineapple plants, along with the perception of fresh pineapple producers on the use of calcium carbide (CaC2) on their health. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 308 producers. Our results indicate that agronomic practices were diverse, with the involvement of more women in pineapple production over the last decade. A decrease in the involvement of young people was also observed. Cv. Sugarloaf remains the main cultivar grown, with a slight increase in cv. Smooth Cayenne. Increasing numbers of pineapple producers applied chemical fertilizers, with an increase in the use of potassium sulphate (K2SO4). Artificial flowering induction practices such as adding (i) petroleum/motor oil, (ii) cooking salt, (iii) liquid fertilizer (“Super Gro”), or (iv) urea to calcium carbide were reported, as well as health issues related to the use of calcium carbide. The research highlights the need for further studies on the use of alternatives to calcium carbide for artificial flowering induction in pineapple production in Benin.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training as a Brief Intervention for Cigarette Smoking by Patients With Cancer: A Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis of Related Literature
Authors: McCall Marcia H. , Boyd Charlotte T. , Kerr Nicole D. , Daniel Stephanie S. , Sutfin Erin L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveNovel behavioral interventions are needed for patients with cancer who smoke cigarettes. Standard tobacco treatment may not effectively address the psychological distress and/or emotion dysregulation that makes quitting smoking difficult for many patients. Dialectical Behavior Therapy–Skills Training (DBT‐ST) has demonstrated efficacy as a brief intervention for managing emotions and stress across varied populations but has not been adapted for patients with cancer who smoke. To determine its suitability for this population, we conducted a scoping review of brief DBT‐ST with similar populations: people with substance use, breast cancer, or emotion dysregulation.MethodsWe followed PRISMA‐ScR (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses extension for scoping reviews) guidelines. Studies were restricted to English‐language publications of DBT‐ST as a brief intervention of 20 or fewer sessions. We found 26 publications representing 23 research studies, extracted study details, and narratively synthesized the results.ResultsThe 23 studies included 12 quasi‐experimental designs, seven pilot randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and four RCTs. All studies found at least one improvement in a main outcome following DBT‐ST intervention, with results maintained at follow‐up. Qualitative outcomes indicated high satisfaction with DBT‐ST and good retention. Studies recruited diverse participants, with some far exceeding population averages. Over half of the studies included only females or males. We found considerable heterogeneity across studies in intervention design, testing, and measurement.ConclusionDBT‐ST as a brief intervention for people with substance use, cancer, or emotion dysregulation demonstrates sufficient positive outcomes to adapt this approach for patients with cancer who smoke cigarettes.
Decoding the Torsional Dynamics of Main‐Chain Atoms Within CαNN Motif Facilitating Specific Anion Recognition
Authors: Roy Akash , Johnson Vinith , Das Pramiti , Paul Shuvam , Sahu Subhankar , Banerjee Raja 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe structural plasticity of proteins at the molecular level is largely dictated by backbone torsion angles, which play a critical role in ligand recognition and binding. To establish the anion‐induced cooperative arrangement of the main‐chain (mc) torsion, herein, we analyzed a set of naturally occurring CαNN motifs as “static models” for their anion‐binding competence through docking and molecular dynamics simulations and decoded its torsion angle influenced mc‐driven anion recognition potential. By comparing a pool of 20 distinct sets of CαNN motif with identical sequences in their “anion bound/present, aP” and “anion free/absent, aA” versions, we could discern that there exists a positive correlation between the “difference of anion residence time (ΔRT)” and “difference among the main‐chain torsion angle” of the aP and aA population. Notably, the anion interaction with CαNNs is locally energetically favorable even in a context‐free non‐proteinaceous environment and if the difference of the mc‐torsion angles involving the Cα−1, N0, N1 residues for a population is higher between the aP and aA state, the difference among the ligand RT is also greater. At the atomistic level, the accommodation of anion is highly synergistic and cooperatively sways the interacting mc‐atom torsions. By comparing the clustering of H‐bonding patterns, the free energy of binding, and RT in both states, we provide evidence that to establish favorable thermodynamics and kinetics of ligand accommodation in these short structural motifs, proper reorientation of local‐mc governed by torsions is a prerequisite. Our findings position the CαNN motif as a promising scaffold for peptidomimetic design and emphasize the critical role of loop region dynamics in protein structure–function relationships.
Mechanisms and pharmacotherapy of cancer cachexia‐associated anorexia
Authors: Sato Ryosuke , da Fonseca Guilherme Wesley Peixoto , das Neves Willian , von Haehling Stephan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCachexia is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome characterized by weight and skeletal muscle loss caused by underlying illnesses such as cancer, heart failure, and renal failure. Inflammation, insulin resistance, increased muscle protein degradation, decreased food intake, and anorexia are the primary pathophysiological drivers of cachexia. Cachexia causes physical deterioration and functional impairment, loss of quality of life, lower response to active treatment, and ultimately morbidity and mortality, while the difficulties in tackling cachexia in its advanced phases and the heterogeneity of the syndrome among patients require an individualized and multidisciplinary approach from an early stage. Specifically, strategies combining nutritional and exercise interventions as well as pharmacotherapy that directly affect the pathogenesis of cachexia, such as anti‐inflammatory, metabolism‐improving, and appetite‐stimulating agents, have been proposed, but none of which have demonstrated sufficient evidence to date. Nevertheless, several agents have recently emerged, including anamorelin, a ghrelin receptor agonist, growth differentiation factor 15 neutralization therapy, and melanocortin receptor antagonist, as candidates for ameliorating anorexia associated with cancer cachexia. Therefore, in this review, we outline cancer cachexia‐associated anorexia and its pharmacotherapy, including corticosteroids, progesterone analogs, cannabinoids, anti‐psychotics, and thalidomide which have been previously explored for their efficacy, in addition to the aforementioned novel agents, along with their mechanisms.
Discovery of novel flavonoid derivatives containing benzothiazole as potential antifungal agents
Authors: Tian Jiao , Liu Yi , Xin Hui , Hu Chunmei , Li Jieyu , Wang Yuhong , Luo Xingping , Qiu Yujiao , Xue Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDFungal diseases of plants have a serious impact on the quality and yield of crops, and some traditional pesticides can no longer cope with this problem. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop new pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity.RESULTSA series of flavonoid derivatives containing benzothiazole were designed and synthesized. Among them, the compounds V17, V12, and V13 had excellent inhibitory effect against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinu with the half‐maximal effect concentration (EC50) values of 1.2, 2.3, and 3.2 μg/mL, which were better than the control drug Kresoxim‐methyl (Km, 37.8 μg/mL). The in vivo protective activity and curative activities of V17 against cucumber fusarium wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum were 82.4 and 60.5% at 200 μg/mL, better than Km (60.2 and 48.6%). In addition, V17 could damage the cell membrane of the mycelia, which can be confirmed by determination of cytoplasmic leakage, detection of cell membrane permeability, and measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA). Similarly, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiment and optical microscope characterization provide direct evidence for destruction of mycelium treated with V17.CONCLUSIONV17 significantly reduced the pathogenicity of the F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, which provided a new idea and direction for the development of green pesticides. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tail‐Modeling‐Based Multivariate Process Capability Analysis Approach
Authors: Li Tianlong , Jiang Renyan , Xue Wei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA manufacturing process often has multiple quality characteristics and its performance is usually described by a multivariate process capability index (MPCI). A number of MPCIs have been proposed and their performances have been analyzed and compared in the literature. However, the problems of two distance‐based MPCIs have not been noted. On the other hand, process capability analysis generally involves the computation of a high quantile and a small proportion of non‐conformance so that it is computationally challenging to obtain accurate estimates. In this paper, we critically comment on the two distance‐based MPCIs and propose an extreme‐values‐based multivariate process capability analysis approach. The proposed approach focuses on upper‐tail data modeling based on the generalized Pareto distribution and involves a multi‐step procedure, including data transformation and max‐operator‐based aggregation of quality characteristics. Quality bottleneck analysis provides direction for improvement. For this purpose, the concept of data upper‐tail total deviation (UTTD) is introduced as a nonparametric measure for quick evaluation of process capabilities of individual quality characteristics. A real‐world example is analyzed. The results show that compared with the distance‐based approaches the proposed approach provides a more accurate process capability estimate and the quality bottlenecks can be correctly identified based on the UTTD.
Improvement of Hydrophobic Surface and Mechanical Properties of Beta‐Hemihydrate Desulfurization Gypsum by Graphene Modification
Authors: Zhenzhen Zhi , Yanfei Guo , Liting Wang , Binbin Dong , Tiekun Jia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBeta‐hemihydrate desulfurization gypsum (β‐HDG) is considered one of the green and low‐carbon building materials, which is widely used in the fields of construction materials and decoration. Nevertheless, its inherent deficiency in water resistance and other drawbacks significantly limit its application scope. In this study, the gypsum‐based materials with surfaces that exhibit hydrophobic properties were prepared. The surface contact angle was analyzed to examine the surface hydrophobic characteristics. The compressive strength, flexural strength, ratio of compressive strength to flexural strength, water absorption rate, and softening coefficient of hardened specimens were measured to assess the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the pore structure and microstructure of hardened specimens were characterized to evaluate the impact of hydrophobically modified reduced graphene oxide (H@rGO). Furthermore, when the content of H@rGO was 0.15 wt%, the thermal conductivity of specimen was 0.55 W/m•K with optimal mechanical properties; the surface hydrophobicity of the hardened sample was significantly improved, with the surface contact angle, water drop penetration time, and softening coefficient reaching 113.898°, 567s, and 0.77, respectively. This enhancement was accompanied by a reduction in pore size and total porosity in the hardened samples, thereby contributing to the improved softening coefficient and mechanical properties of gypsum‐based composites. Because of lower energy consumption in H@rGO process and extensive utilization of industrial solid waste, the preparation process of incorporating H@rGO into β‐HDG exhibits superior cost‐effectiveness.
Methods and Prospects for Enhancing Heterogeneous Fenton Catalytic Activity
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Liangliang , Wang Junxia , He Xinyi , Wang Shiyu , Yan Aobo , Zhang Zhongchi , Li Gege , Li Yongfei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs an advanced oxidation process that can efficiently remove organic pollutants in water, Fenton oxidation has attracted much attention in recent years. Compared to homogeneous Fenton, it has a wider applicability, a wide pH range, higher degradation efficiency, lower environmental impact, and lower treatment cost. However, the heterogeneous Fenton reaction also has some limitations, such as the deactivation of the catalyst, the reaction rate being limited by the solid–liquid interface mass transfer. Therefore, the development of efficient and stable heterogeneous Fenton catalytic system is the focus of Fenton reaction research at present. In this paper, the research of heterogeneous Fenton catalysis are introduced, and the construction characteristics and catalytic mechanism of iron base, copper base, transition metals and their oxides, chelating agents, carbon materials, supported catalysts, and photocatalysis are systematically summarized. In addition, the strategies for the formation of FeII and the promotion of H2O2 decomposition were discussed, and the mechanism and pathway of the heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for the efficient degradation of organic matter were summarized in order to provide technical support for further research on heterogeneous Fenton catalysts.
Adsorption and Recovery of Neodymium and Praseodymium from Magnet Waste NdFeB Using a Novel Pyridine Schiff Base Compound
Authors: Weshahy Ahmed. A. , Gouda Ayman A. , Shohaib Ragaa El Sheikh , Atia Bahig M. , Gado Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study presents a novel approach for synthesizing (pyridine‐2,5‐diylbis(azaneylylidene) bis(ethan‐1‐yl‐2‐ylidene))bis(benzene‐5,1,3‐triyl) tetrakis(4‐formylbenzoate) to address the growing demand and limited supply of Nd(III) and Pr(III) metal ions. The material, created through Schiff base formation and esterification, aims to enhance the recovery and utilization efficiency of Nd(III) and Pr(III) from solutions. The PYBE adsorbent selectively adsorbs these ions, and its properties were confirmed using FTIR, SEM, TGA, ¹H NMR, ¹3C NMR, and mass spectrometry. Adsorption efficiency was tested under varying conditions, including pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, solution concentration, and the presence of coexisting ions. The results followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, with equilibrium isotherms well described by Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. The PYBE adsorbent demonstrated high sorption capacities—384.62 mg/g for Nd(III) and 357.14 mg/g for Pr(III) at pH 6. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The material also successfully recovered Nd(III) and Pr(III) from waste Neodymium‐Iron‐Boron (NdFeB) magnets, yielding high‐purity Nd₂O₃ and Pr₆O₁₁. The adsorption mechanism, driven by chemisorption, aligned with the Langmuir and D–R isotherm models. This innovative PYBE material demonstrates significant potential for efficient rare earth metal recovery, addressing a critical need for sustainable resource management.
A Comparative Study of the Reinforcing Behavior of Lignin in Polar and Non‐Polar Rubbers
Authors: Palanisamy Kavipriyaa Annathainaicker , Tahir Muhammad , Chanda Jagannath , Ghosh Prasenjit , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra , Kundu Arpita , Mandal Subhradeep , Wießner Sven , Banerjee Susanta , Das Amit 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBio‐based resources as reinforcing agents for elastomers is an important area of research. In this study, different types of lignin were employed as reinforcing fillers for different synthetic elastomers. Polychloroprene (CR), a polar rubber, and solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR), a non‐polar rubber, were used as matrix materials. Results showed that elastomers filled with Kraft lignin exhibited better mechanical performance than those filled with lignosulfonate. Without chemical modification, Kraft lignin effectively reinforced polar polychloroprene rubber, increasing its tensile strength by 3.5 times, modulus by 2 times, and elongation at the break by 2 times. However, for non‐polar SSBR, the use of lignin surface modifiers such as alkyl isocyanates improved the dispersion and reinforcing efficiency of Kraft lignin. Particularly, in this SSBR system the elongation at break values crossed 900%, which is very high for synthetic rubber like SSBR. A noticeable improvement in lignin dispersion was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy when in situ surface modification of the lignin was done with alkyl isocyanates. To understand the reinforcing effect of Kraft lignin, various mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and physical tests were conducted with the rubber composites.
Gradient Porous and Carbon Black‐Integrated Cellulose Acetate Aerogel for Scalable Radiative Cooling
Authors: Park Soojin , Choi Junyeol , Lee Jeongwoo , Seo Junyong , Lee Jaemin , Kim Jiheon , Hong Myounggi , Lee Donghyun , Park Jisoo , Park Jinwoo , Choi Wonjoon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPassive temperature controls like passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC)‐heating (PDRH), and thermal insulation are essential to meet the growing demand for energy‐efficient thermal solutions. When combined with advanced functions like electromagnetic interference shielding, these technologies can significantly enhance scalability. However, existing approaches using single thin films or uniform porous materials face inherent limitations in optimizing versatile functions, while lightweight, insulating aerogels can extend their multifunctionality by manipulating pores and fillers. Herein, carbon black (CB)‐containing cellulose acetate (CA)aerogels (CB/CA aerogel) featuring gradient pores and bilayer structures are devised to implement switchable PDRC‐PDRH and broadband spectral emissivity from infrared to microwave, along with high thermal insulation and elasticity. Using stirring and freeze‐drying methods, the CA aerogels show low thermal conductivity (≈0.034 W mK−1) and demonstrate broad‐spectrum functionality, with over 95.7% solar reflectivity and 93% long‐wavelength infrared (LWIR) emittance, achieving a 12.25 °C temperature reduction in outdoor conditions. Furthermore, the CB/CA aerogels enhance LWIR emittance to 98.7% and provide broadband spectral emissivity with 39.4% microwave absorption. This study offers a viable solution to simultaneously control radiative cooling and microwave absorption across a broad spectrum in porous media.