bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of post-sphincterotomy bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia
Authors: AbiMansour Jad P. , Garimella Vishal , Petersen Bret T. , Law Ryan J. , Storm Andrew C. , Martin John A. , Levy Michael J. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. , Chandrasekhara Vinay 
Published: September 2023

Background: Reports suggest that the rate of adverse events (AEs) post-endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) to be as high as 10%, with gastrointestinal bleeding being most common after post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the incidence of bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia following ES. Design: Retrospective observational cohort study. Methods: Patients with thrombocytopenia (defined as <150,000 platelets/μL) who underwent ES between May 2017 and December 2020 were identified at a tertiary care medical center. The incidence of immediate (intraprocedural oozing >5 min or requiring intervention) or delayed (clinical bleeding with associated hemoglobin drop within 14 days) post-ES bleeding was determined via manual chart review. Results: A total of 221 patients with a mean platelet count of 108,000 ± 13,000 platelets/μL underwent ERCP with ES. Immediate bleeding occurred in 11 (5%) patients with no significant drop in hemoglobin or transfusion requirement. Two patients (0.9%), both of whom were noted to have immediate bleeding, also developed delayed bleeding. Presence of malignancy was associated with an increased risk of bleeding (36.4% versus 11.4%, p = 0.037) while platelet count was not. Conclusion: In a cohort of patients with thrombocytopenia, rates of immediate and delayed bleeding are similar to previously reported AE rates of ES in the general patient population. Careful attention should be given to patients with a history of active malignancy as well as those who develop immediate bleeding as they appear to be at increased risk for bleeding complications.
Allogeneic T cells cause acute renal injury after hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Miyata Masahiro , Matsuki Eri , Ichikawa Kazunobu , Takehara Tomohiro , Hosokawa Yuka , Sekiguchi Erika , Peltier Daniel , Reddy Pavan , Ishizawa Kenichi , Watanabe Masafumi , Toubai Tomomi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). There are many causes of AKI after allo-HCT, but it is unknown whether renal acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) caused by direct allogeneic donor T-cell–mediated renal damage contributes. Here, we tested whether allogeneic donor T cells attack kidneys in murine models of aGVHD. To avoid confounding effects of nephrotoxic agents, we did not administer immunosuppressants for GVHD prophylaxis. We found that urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, a marker of tubular injury, was elevated in allogeneic recipients on day 14 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Donor major histocompatibility complex–positive cells were present and CD3+ T cells were increased in the glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, interstitium, and perivascular areas in the kidneys of allo-HCT recipient mice. These T cells included both CD4+ and CD8+ cells with elevated activation markers, increased exhaustion markers, and greater secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic proteins. Consistent with allo-T-cell–mediated renal damage, expression of neutrophil gelatinase-binding lipocalin, a marker of AKI, and elafin, a marker of aGVHD, were increased in renal tissue of allogeneic recipients. Because apoptosis of target cells is observed on histopathology of aGVHD target tissues, we confirmed that alloreactive T cells increased apoptosis of renal endothelial and tubular epithelial cells in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assays. These data suggest that immune responses induced by donor T cells contribute to renal endothelial and tubular epithelial cell injury in allo-HCT recipients and that aGVHD may contribute to AKI after allo-HCT.
Detection and Characterization of Defects in Additive Manufacturing by Polarization-Based Imaging System
Authors: Peng Xing , Kong Lingbao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) technology such as selective laser melting (SLM) often produces a high reflection phenomenon that makes defect detection and information extraction challenging. Meanwhile, it is essential to establish a characterization method for defect analysis to provide sufficient information for process diagnosis and optimization. However, there is still a lack of universal standards for the characterization of defects in SLM parts. In this study, a polarization-based imaging system was proposed, and a set of characterization parameters for SLM defects was established. The contrast, defect contour information, and high reflection suppression effect of the SLM part defects were analyzed. Comparative analysis was conducted on defect characterization parameters, including geometric and texture parameters. The experimental results demonstrated the effects of the polarization imaging system and verified the feasibility of the defect feature extraction and characterization method. The research work provides an effective solution for defect detection and helps to establish a universal standard for defect characterization in additive manufacturing.
Material Removal Characteristics of Single-Crystal 4H-SiC Based on Varied-Load Nanoscratch Tests
Authors: Tang Kun , Ou Wangping , Mao Cong , Liang Jie , Zhang Moke , Zhang Mingjun , Hu Yongle 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSingle-crystal silicon carbide (SiC) has been widely applied in the military and civil fields because of its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, as is typical in hard-to-machine materials, the good mechanical properties result in surface defects and subsurface damage during precision or ultraprecision machining. In this study, single- and double-varied-load nanoscratch tests were systematically performed on single-crystal 4H-SiC using a nanoindenter system with a Berkovich indenter. The material removal characteristics and cracks under different planes, indenter directions, normal loading rates, and scratch intervals were analyzed using SEM, FIB, and a 3D profilometer, and the mechanisms of material removal and crack propagation were studied. The results showed that the Si-plane of the single-crystal 4H-SiC and edge forward indenter direction are most suitable for material removal and machining. The normal loading rate had little effect on the scratch depth, but a lower loading rate increased the ductile region and critical depth of transition. Additionally, the crack interaction and fluctuation of the depth-distance curves of the second scratch weakened with an increase in the scratch interval, the status of scratches and chips changed, and the comprehensive effects of the propagation and interaction of the three cracks resulted in material fractures and chip accumulation. The calculated and experimental values of the median crack depth also showed good consistency and relativity. Therefore, this study provides an important reference for the high-efficiency and precision machining of single-crystal SiC to ensure high accuracy and a long service life.
Factors that make public transport systems attractive: a review of travel preferences and travel mode choices
Authors: Göransson Jessica , Andersson Henrik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Many regions worldwide are struggling to create a mode shift from private cars to more sustainable transport modes. While there are many reviews regarding travellers’ preferences and travel mode choices, there is a lack of an updated review that provides a comprehensive overview of the factors that make public transport systems attractive.

Aim
This review aims to fill the knowledge gap by offering insights into the factors influencing travel behaviour and the demand for public transport. It has two primary objectives: • Summarize general conclusions drawn from international literature reviews. • Present specific insights on the topic pertaining to the Nordic countries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review with a Nordic focus regarding public transport preferences and travel mode choices. The special focus on these countries is motivated by their relatively more ambitious policies for reducing emissions in the transport sector compared to many other countries, and their relatively high usage of public transport today.

Methods
To achieve these objectives, we conducted a review of existing literature. This review encompassed international literature reviews and included an examination of results from the Nordic countries.

Findings
The findings show that reliability and frequency are important factors for creating an attractive public transport supply. However, there is only limited evidence regarding the impact of improvements in these attributes on public transport demand, so this needs more research. This review highlights the importance of understanding the underlying motivations for travel mode choice and provides recommendations on areas for further investigation to understand the attractiveness of public transport supply.
Intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to plain ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia during cesarean section: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial for ED50 determination using an up-down sequential allocation method
Authors: Mo Xiaofei , Huang Fa , Wu Xiaoying , Feng Jumian , Zeng Jiequn , Chen Jinghui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Intrathecal dexmedetomidine, as an adjuvant to local anesthetics, has been reported to improve the quality of spinal anesthesia and reduce the required local anesthetic dose. However, the optimal dosage regimen for intrathecal dexmedetomidine combined with plain ropivacaine for cesarean section (CS) remains undetermined. The present study aimed to determine the median effective dose (ED50) of intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to plain ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia during CS.

Methods
Sixty parturients undergoing CS were randomly assigned to either group: plain ropivacaine 8 mg (Group Rop8) or plain ropivacaine 10 mg (Group Rop10). The initial dosage of intrathecal dexmedetomidine in each group was 5 µg. The effective dose was defined as a bilateral sensory block at the level of T6 or above to pinprick attained within 10 min after intrathecal injection, without the need for supplementary intraoperative epidural anesthesia. Effective or ineffective responses were determined, followed by a 1 µg increment or decrement in the dose of intrathecal dexmedetomidine for the next parturient using up-down sequential allocation. ED50 were calculated using probit regression.

Results
The ED50 of intrathecal dexmedetomidine with plain ropivacaine was 5.9 µg (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9–7.4 µg) in Group Rop8 and 3.1 µg (95% CI, 0.1–4.8 µg) in Group Rop10 (P < 0.05). Hemodynamic stability, side effects, patient satisfaction and neonatal outcomes were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusions
The present data suggested that the ED50 of intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 8 mg and 10 mg plain ropivacaine in spinal anesthesia during cesarean section was approximately 6 µg and 3 µg, respectively.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, identifier: ChiCTR2200055928.
Acute cholecystitis in old adults: the impact of advanced age on the clinical characteristics of the disease and on the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Lee Cho Eun , Lee Seung Jae , Moon Ju Ik , Choi In Seok , Yoon Dae Sung , Choi Won Jun , Lee Sang Eok , Sung Nak Song , Kwon Seong Uk , Bae In Eui , Roh Seung Jae , Kim Sung Gon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Impact of advanced age on disease characteristics of acute cholecystitis (AC), and surgical outcomes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has not been established.

Methods
This single-center retrospective study included patients who underwent LC for AC between April 2010 and December 2020. We analyzed the disease characteristics and surgical outcomes according to age: Group 1 (age < 60 years), Group 2 (60 ≤ age < 80 years), and Group 3 (age ≥ 80 years). Risk factors for complications were assessed using logistic regression analysis.

Results
Of the 1,876 patients (809 [43.1%] women), 723 were in Group 1, 867 in Group 2, and 286 in Group 3. With increasing age, the severity of AC and combined common bile duct stones increased. Group 3 demonstrated significantly worse surgical outcomes when compared to Group 1 and 2 for overall (4.0 vs. 9.1 vs. 18.9%, p < 0.001) and serious complications (1.2 vs. 4.2 vs. 8.0%, p < 0.001), length of hospital stay (2.78 vs. 3.72 vs. 5.87 days, p < 0.001), and open conversion (0.1 vs. 1.0 vs. 2.1%, p = 0.007). Incidental gallbladder cancer was also the most common in Group 3 (0.3 vs. 1.5 vs. 3.1%, p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, body mass index < 18.5, moderate/severe AC, and albumin < 2.5 g/dL were significant risk factors for serious complications in Group 3.

Conclusion
Advanced age was associated with severe AC, worse surgical outcomes, and a higher rate of incidental gallbladder cancer following LC. Therefore, in patients over 80 years of age with AC, especially those with poor nutritional status and high severity grading, urgent surgery should be avoided, and surgery should be performed after sufficient supportive care to restore nutritional status before LC.
Point-wise spatial network for identifying carcinoma at the upper digestive and respiratory tract
Authors: Zhou Lei , Jiang Huaili , Li Guangyao , Ding Jiaye , Lv Cuicui , Duan Maoli , Wang Wenfeng , Chen Kongyang , Shen Na , Huang Xinsheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Problem
Artificial intelligence has been widely investigated for diagnosis and treatment strategy design, with some models proposed for detecting oral pharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, or laryngeal carcinoma. However, no comprehensive model has been established for these regions.

Aim
Our hypothesis was that a common pattern in the cancerous appearance of these regions could be recognized and integrated into a single model, thus improving the efficacy of deep learning models.

Methods
We utilized a point-wise spatial attention network model to perform semantic segmentation in these regions.

Results
Our study demonstrated an excellent outcome, with an average mIoU of 86.3%, and an average pixel accuracy of 96.3%.

Conclusion
The research confirmed that the mucosa of oral pharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal regions may share a common appearance, including the appearance of tumors, which can be recognized by a single artificial intelligence model. Therefore, a deep learning model could be constructed to effectively recognize these tumors.
Diagnosis and management of Neuro-Behçet disease with isolated intracranial hypertension: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wu Yali , Yin Wei , Liu Shufang , Wang Shasha , Ding Yan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD), characterized by isolated intracranial hypertension, is a rarely encountered condition, especially in children. In this study, we describe the treatment of a pediatric patient with NBD, who exhibited isolated intracranial pressure elevation as indicated by the initial manifestation of diplopia and physical examination finding of papilledema.

Case presentation
An 8-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of Behçet's disease (BD) over eight months. The patient also presented with the symptom of diplopia for three days. The evaluation of the patient’s nervous system did not reveal any apparent abnormalities. The measurement of cerebrospinal fluid pressure yielded a reading of 470 mm H2O. The examination of the fundus indicated papilledema, and imaging scans revealed evidence of focal demyelination. The symptoms of the child showed alleviation after the administration of mannitol, methylprednisolone, and azathioprine. Furthermore, this study involved a comprehensive analysis of 18 cases of NBD with isolated intracranial hypertension, comprising one case reported herein and 17 cases from the literature review. Three cases were children, and an equal distribution of males and females 9:9 was noted. The average age at the onset of symptoms was 24.7 years (8-38 years). Headache (90%) was the most commonly reported clinical manifestation, followed by blurred vision or diplopia (80%). The ocular manifestations included papilledema (100%), abducent nerve paralysis (20%) and local eye hemorrhages in the retina (30%). Notably, 88.9% of these ocular manifestations were relieved or cured after treatment.

Conclusion
This study presents the first reported case of NBD with isolated intracranial hypertension in the pediatric population of China. In a child with Bechet's disease presenting with features of raised intracranial pressure, it is important to be aware of neuro Bechet's presenting with intracranial hypertension without other neurological abnormalities. This will help make early diagnosis, institute treatment and prevent sequelae resulting from untreated raised intracranial pressure.
Factors associated with overweight/obesity of children aged 6–12 years in Indonesia
Authors: Oktaviani Sofi , Mizutani Mayumi , Nishide Ritsuko , Tanimura Susumu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Globally, the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased considerably, including in Indonesia. Obesity results from multifactorial interactions at the personal, familial, and environmental levels. However, little is known about the factors associated with overweight/obesity among children in Indonesia. This study is intended to identify personal, familial, and environmental factors associated with overweight/obesity in children aged 6–12 years in Indonesia.

Methods
Study design was a secondary data analysis using the Indonesia Family Life Survey in 2014/2015, focusing on 6,090 children aged 6–12 years. The questions covered the child’s body mass index and potential personal, familial, and environmental factors. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the personal, familial, and environmental factors.

Results
The mean age of participants was 8.9 years (SD = 2.0); 51.0% were boys; 9.4% were overweight; and 8.1% were obese. Overweight and obesity were associated with age [AOR 1.09 (95% CI 1.04–1.14)], having an overweight [AOR 1.93 (95% CI 1.58–2.36)] or obese [AOR 3.36 (95% CI 2.43–4.61)] father compared with a normal father, being of Chinese [AOR 9.51 (95% CI 1.43–79.43)] or Javanese [AOR 1.60 (95% CI 1.16–2.24)] ethnicity compared with Sundanese ethnicity, and residing in an urban area [AOR 1.36 (95% CI 1.10–1.70)]. A lower risk of child overweight/obesity was associated with the father’s perception [AOR 0.56 (95% CI 0.38–0.80)] and mother’s perception [AOR 0.66 (95% CI 0.43–0.98)] of the child’s food consumption as being less than adequate compared with adequate.

Conclusions
Risk factors in children for overweight/obesity were older age, having an overweight/obese father, membership of certain ethnic groups, and urban residence. The main protective factor was parents’ perception that a child’s food consumption was less than adequate. Health promotion programs focused on these factors could help control or prevent childhood obesity in Indonesia.
Effect of glycerol concentration on levels of toxicants emissions from water-pipe tobacco smoking (WTS)
Authors: Almomen Salwa , Aldossari Mobarak , Khaleel Yousef , Altamimi Mishal , Alharbi Ohoud , Alsuwaydani Abdulelah , Almutairi Malak , Alyousef Sarah , Hafiz Radwan , Alshomer Faris , Alqahtani Amani S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlycerol, flavorings and sweeteners constitute approximately 70% of water-pipe tobacco smoking (WTS) mixtures. Tobacco mixture combustion produces smoke toxins (e.g. carbonyl compounds), of which the type and amount are highly dependable on tobacco mixture formula. While glycerol in tobacco mixture contribute to enhanced smoking experience, its’ combustion produces toxicants such as acrolein. According to WHO, there are no approved international upper limits regulations on WTS ingredients. This study aims to assess toxicant emission levels corresponding to increasing glycerol concentration in WTS mixtures, which may aid in developing tobacco regulations towards harm reduction.MethodsLaboratory experimental study. Using laboratory water-pipe smoking machine, levels of toxicant emissions in the smoke from WTS mixture samples containing varying glycerol concentrations were measured using High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Smoke from 5 consecutive smoking cycles with 35 puffs each (ISO 22486 standard) was led through a trapping system as described in the Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) recommended method No. 74 (Determination of selected carbonyls in mainstream cigarette smoke by HPLC). Trapped carbonyls were then analysed by HPLC with a DAD detector.ResultsAcrolein emission is associated with glycerol addition in WTS mixture indicated by lab-made samples throughout all glycerol concentrations (10%, 20%, 40% and 60%), and brand samples with glycerol concentrations 10% to 20%. However, brand samples showed no increase in acrolein emission corresponding to the increase in glycerol concentrations from 20% to 60%.ConclusionThe effect of glycerol addition in waterpipe tobacco on acrolein emission varies between products. Tobacco fillers, additives and contents quality and other factors may affect toxicant emission levels. Therefore, regulatory recommendations towards defining upper limits of content concentrations require further investigations regarding potential confounders in acrolein emissions and health effects of market-available glycerol concentrations in waterpipe tobacco smoking.