bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The kinase OsSK41/OsGSK5 negatively regulates amylose content in rice endosperm by affecting the interaction between OsEBP89 and OsBP5
Authors: Hu Zejun , Niu Fuan , Yan Peiwen , Wang Kai , Zhang Lixia , Yan Ying , Zhu Yu , Dong Shiqing , Ma Fuying , Lan Dengyong , Liu Siwen , Xin Xiaoyun , Wang Ying , Yang Jinshui , Cao Liming , Wu Shujun , Luo Xiaojin 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTAmylose content (AC) is the main factor determining the palatability, viscosity, transparency, and digestibility of rice (Oryza sativa) grains. AC in rice grains is mainly controlled by different alleles of the Waxy (Wx) gene. The AP2/EREBP transcription factor OsEBP89 interacts with the MYC‐like protein OsBP5 to synergistically regulate the expression of Wx. Here, we determined that the GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 5 (OsGSK5, also named SHAGGY‐like kinase 41 [OsSK41]) inhibits the transcriptional activation activity of OsEBP89 in rice grains during amylose biosynthesis. The loss of OsSK41 function enhanced Wx expression and increased AC in rice grains. By contrast, the loss of function of OsEBP89 reduced Wx expression and decreased AC in rice grains. OsSK41 interacts with OsEBP89 and phosphorylates four of its sites (Thr‐28, Thr‐30, Ser‐238, and Thr‐257), which makes OsEBP89 unstable and attenuates its interaction with OsBP5. Wx promoter activity was relatively weak when regulated by the phosphomimic variant OsEBP89E–OsBP5 but relatively strong when regulated by the nonphosphorylatable variant OsEBP89A–OsBP5. Therefore, OsSK41‐mediated phosphorylation of OsEBP89 represents an additional layer of complexity in the regulation of amylose biosynthesis during rice grain development. In addition, our findings provide four possible sites for regulating rice grain AC via precise gene editing.
CD68+ and CD8+ immune cells are associated with the growth pattern of somatotroph tumors and response to first generation somatostatin analogs
Authors: Chiloiro Sabrina , Giampietro Antonella , Gessi Marco , Lauretti Liverana , Mattogno Pier Paolo , Cerroni Lorenzo , Carlino Angela , De Alessandris Quintino Giorgio , Olivi Alessandro , Rindi Guido , Pontecorvi Alfredo , De Marinis Laura , Doglietto Francesco , Bianchi Antonio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSomatotropinomas are pituitary tumors with a heterogenous clinical behavior. The tumor microenvironment regulates the interaction between tumor cells and the host immune system, potentially modulating tumor behavior. Here, we aimed to investigate the tumor immune infiltration in a cohort of medically naïve acromegaly patients. A retrospective, monocenter study was designed to analyze the presence of CD3+, CD20+, CD138+, CD4+, CD8+, CD68+ immune cells in samples of somatotropinomas and their prognostic significance on tumor behavior and response to first generation somatostatin analogs (fg‐SSA). Thirty‐six patients (23 females) were included in the study. Macroadenomas were identified in 23 cases: 12 with cavernous sinus invasion. The number of CD8+ lymphocytes positively correlated with CD4+ lymphocytes (p = .05, r:0.245) and with CD68+ macrophages (p = .01, r = 0.291). The CD8+/CD4+ ratio inversely correlated with CD68+/CD8+ ratio (p < .001, r = −0.626). CD68+ macrophages positively correlated with tumor size (maximum diameter p = .003, r = 0.574; volume p = .009, r = 0.566) and were more numerous in somatotropinomas with Ki‐67 > 3% (median 65/HPF, IQR:15), compared to cases with Ki67 < 3% (median 50/HPF, IQR:22, p < .001). CD8+ and CD138+ lymphocytes were more numerous in cases responsive to fg‐SSA (respectively median 18/HPF IQR:18 and median 8/HPF IQR: 6.5) as compared to fg‐SSA nonresponsive cases (median 14.5/HPF IQR:40 p = .03; median 3.5/HPF IQR: 14 p = .03). CD8+ lymphocytes act as single predictor of response to fg‐SSA, independently from age, GH and IGF‐I levels, tumor dimension and invasion. Our results support that lymphocytes and macrophages generate an immune network in somatotropinomas and the characteristic of the immune infiltrate may predict treatment outcome.
Charcot–Marie–Toothneuropathies: Current gene therapy advances and the route toward translation
Authors: Stavrou Marina , Kagiava Alexia , Sargiannidou Irene , Georgiou Elena , Kleopa Kleopas A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) neuropathies are a group of genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorders that predominantly affect the peripheral nervous system. Unraveling the genetic and molecular mechanisms, as well as the cellular effects of CMT mutations, has facilitated the development of promising gene therapy approaches. Proposed gene therapy treatments for CMTs include virally or non‐virally mediated gene replacement, addition, silencing, modification, and editing of genetic material. For most CMT neuropathies, gene‐ and disease‐ and even mutation‐specific therapy approaches targeting the neuronal axon or myelinating Schwann cells may be needed, due to the diversity of underlying cellular and molecular‐genetic mechanisms. The efficiency of gene therapies to improve the disease phenotype has been tested mostlyin vitroandin vivorodent models that reproduce different molecular and pathological aspects of CMT neuropathies. In the next stage, bigger animal models, in particular non‐human primates, provide important insights into the translatability of the proposed administration and dosing, demonstrating scale‐up potential and safety. The path toward clinical trials is faced with further challenges but is becoming increasingly feasible owing to the progress and knowledge gained from clinical applications of gene therapies for other neurological disorders, as well as the emergence of sensitive outcome measures and biomarkers in patients with CMT neuropathies.
Healthcare providers screening for childhood abuse among adult patients in Saudi Arabia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Alhowaymel Fahad M. , Alzahrani Naif S. , Alharbi Hanan F. , Almarwani Abdulaziz M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionChildhood abuse could potentially cause negative health consequences later in life, where they influence individuals' physiological, psychological, and behavioral health. Screening for ACEs is not widely incorporated during routine primary healthcare. The information about past childhood abuse screening among adult patients is elusive. The aim of the study was to investigate healthcare providers (HCPs) practices, skills, attitudes, and perceived barriers related to past childhood abuse screening among adult patients in Saudi Arabia.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsData were collected from healthcare facilities in the Riyadh and Madinah regions of Saudi Arabia using a self‐reported questionnaire.ResultsA total of 126 HCPs completed the survey. Less than one‐third of the HCPs reported routinely (usually or always) screening for childhood abuse. HCPs were more concerned that they would offend their patients by examining history of adversities. HCP practice location, the extent to which they think it is part of their responsibilities to screen for history of adversities, and their self‐reported of adverse childhood experiences were significantly associated with screening practices for childhood abuse. Four perceived barriers were significantly associated with HCP screening.ConclusionScreening for past adversities is vital for identifying childhood trauma among the public; therefore, we might participate in reducing childhood trauma and further controlling consequences in the future. Developing a screening form for childhood abuse or adversities and providing this form in healthcare settings are appropriate at this stage.Clinical RelevanceEarly screening for ACEs is recommended, which prioritizes health promotion and disease prevention. It is highly needed to increase HCP awareness toward childhood abuse, screening for it, and reflection on it.
Placental pathology of preeclampsia from a clinical point of view: Correlation between placental histopathology, clinical signs of preeclampsia and neonatal outcome
Authors: Dankó István , Tankó András , Kelemen Edit , Cserni Gábor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the associations between placental histopathology (signs of maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion, delayed villous maturation, villitis of unknown etiology) and subtypes of preeclampsia by onset, clinical aspects of the disease and neonatal outcome.MethodsPlacental slides from preeclamptic pregnancies were retrospectively reviewed according to a uniform scheme. Information regarding obstetrical anamnesis, clinical data and perinatal outcome was collected from charts, and statistical analysis was performed in order to demonstrate associations between microscopic placental alterations and different aspects of preeclampsia.ResultsA total of 49 cases were studied. Diffuse signs of maternal vascular malperfusion and avascular villi were more common in early‐onset‐preeclampsia associated with worse prognosis. Preeclampsia with fetal growth restriction had more often diffuse signs of maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion and villitis of unknown etiology. Recurring preeclampsia was associated with more common perivasculitis. Umbilical and uterine artery Doppler indices were associated with medial hypertrophy and/or acute atherosis of maternal decidual vessels. Large foci of avascular villi correlated with extent of maternal 24‐h‐proteinuria which itself correlated with outcome of preeclampsia. Rate of capillarisation of villi was significantly lower in case of hypertension requiring a three‐drug combination of antihypertensive medications versus hypertension treated with one or two drugs, preeclampsia with growth restriction, and stillbirth versus live birth.ConclusionsEarly‐ versus late‐onset‐preeclampsia showed a markedly different profile of histopathological features and perinatal outcome, reflecting their distinguished pathogenesis and prognosis; preeclampsia complicated with fetal growth restriction also had distinctive features. Qualitative and quantitative changes define placental pathology of preeclampsia.
Symptomatic subgemmal neurogenous plaque in patients with COVID‐19: Is there an association?
Authors: Soares Ciro Dantas , de Souza Lucas Lacerda , Laffitte Caroline Medeiros , Pontes Hélder Antônio Rebelo , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Mosqueda‐Taylor Adalberto , Hernandez‐Guerrero Juan Carlos , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Lopes Márcio Ajudarte , dos Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , da Costa Gurgel Alberto , de Andrade Pacheco Maíra Medeiros , de Oliveira Sales Alexandre , de Oliveira Ramos Carlos Cesar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubgemmal neurogenous plaques (SNP) are composed of neural structures found in the posterolateral portion of the tongue, rarely biopsied as most of them are asymptomatic or eventually only clinically managed. We aimed to investigate a case series of possible correlation of symptomatic subgemmal neurogenous plaque (SNP) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).MethodsEleven formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded cases from patients with previous confirmed COVID‐19 (by RT‐PCR) were retrieved from two pathology files. Histological sections were morphologically studied, and then submitted to immunohistochemical reactions against S‐100 and neurofilament proteins, neuron‐specific enolase, Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), synaptophysin, CD56, Ki67, cytokeratins (7, 8–18, 19, 20), nucleocapsid and spike proteins (SARS‐CoV‐1; and ‐2) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) antibodies. Clinical data were retrieved from the patients' medical files, including the symptoms and the complete history of the progression of the disease.ResultsThe patients who had COVID‐19 included in this study experienced painful lesions in the tongue that corresponded to prominent or altered SNP. Microscopically, neural structures were positive for S‐100, GFAP and neurofilament protein. And the cellular proliferative index (by Ki‐67) was very low.ConclusionThus, based on the current results, we hypothesize that symptomatic SNP may be a late manifestation of COVID‐19 infection.
Schoolwork effort and emotions predict self‐control in a weekly diary study
Authors: Wu Yao , Ng‐Knight Terry , Tenenbaum Harriet R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐control supports many positive life outcomes. However, the processes underlying the development of self‐control are not well understood. Drawing on the TESSERA model of personality development, we examined whether weekly schoolwork effort predicts self‐control (in the subsequent week). We also examined the role of schoolwork emotions and whether these emotions moderated the impact of schoolwork effort on self‐control based on predictions from the TESSERA model.MethodsData are from a weekly diary study (N = 98) that measured children's schoolwork effort, schoolwork emotions, and self‐control during five consecutive weeks. Data were analyzed at the between‐ and within‐person levels using multilevel models.ResultsBetween‐person results show that schoolwork effort is related to variations in children's self‐control. Furthermore, some emotions moderated the influence of schoolwork effort on self‐control at the between‐ and within‐person levels.ConclusionIn line with the TESSERA model of personality development, positive state expressions of effort during schoolwork (e.g., putting in effort) predicted higher self‐control in the subsequent week. However, this finding was dependent on the reactions and reinforcement children felt about their effort (e.g., emotional responses to their remote schoolwork). The discussion examines how these findings extend to previous literature.
A survey ofDinophysisspp. and their potential to cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in coastal waters of the United States
Authors: Ayache Nour , Bill Brian D. , Brosnahan Michael L. , Campbell Lisa , Deeds Jonathan R. , Fiorendino James M. , Gobler Christopher J. , Handy Sara M. , Harrington Neil , Kulis David M. , McCarron Pearse , Miles Christopher O. , Moore Stephanie K. , Nagai Satoshi , Trainer Vera L. , Wolny Jennifer L. , Young Craig S. , Smith Juliette L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultiple species of the genusDinophysisproduce diarrhetic shellfish toxins (okadaic acid andDinophysistoxins,OA/DTXsanalogs) and/or pectenotoxins (PTXs). Only since 2008 haveDSPevents (illnesses and/or shellfish harvesting closures) become recognized as a threat to human health in theUnited States. This study characterized 20 strains representing five species ofDinophysisspp. isolated from threeUScoastal regions that have experiencedDSPevents: the Northeast/Mid‐Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Northwest. Using a combination of morphometric andDNA‐based evidence, seven Northeast/Mid‐Atlanticisolates and four Pacific Northwest isolates were classified asD. acuminata, a total of four isolates from two coasts were classified asD. norvegica, two isolates from the Pacific Northwest coast were identified asD. fortii,and three isolates from the Gulf of Mexico were identified asD. ovumandD. caudata. Toxin profiles ofD. acuminataandD. norvegicavaried by their geographical origin within theUnited States. Cross‐regional comparison of toxin profiles was not possible with the other three species; however, within each region, distinct species‐conserved profiles for isolates ofD. fortii,D. ovum, andD. caudatawere observed. Historical and recent data from various State and Tribal monitoring programs were compiled and compared, including maximum recorded cell abundances ofDinophysisspp., maximum concentrations ofOA/DTXsrecorded in commercial shellfish species, and durations of harvesting closures, to provide perspective regarding potential forDSPimpacts to regional public health and shellfish industry.
Marine heatwaves and decreased light availability interact to erode the ecophysiological performance of habitat‐forming kelp species
Authors: Bass Alissa V. , Smith Kathryn E. , Smale Dan A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoastal marine ecosystems are threatened by a range of anthropogenic stressors, operating at global, local, and temporal scales. We investigated the impact of marine heatwaves (MHWs) combined with decreased light availability over two seasons on the ecophysiological responses of three kelp species (Laminaria digitata, L. hyperborea, and L. ochroleuca). These species function as important habitat‐forming foundation organisms in the northeast Atlantic and have distinct but overlapping latitudinal distributions and thermal niches. Under low‐light conditions, summertime MHWs induced significant declines in biomass, blade surface area, and Fv/Fm values (a measure of photosynthetic efficiency) in the cool‐water kelps L. digitata and L. hyperborea, albeit to varying degrees. Under high‐light conditions, all species were largely resistant to simulated MHW activity. In springtime, MHWs had minimal impacts and in some cases promoted kelp performance, while reduced light availability resulted in lower growth rates. While some species were negatively affected by summer MHWs under low‐light conditions (particularly L. digitata), they were generally resilient to MHWs under high‐light conditions. As such, maintaining good environmental quality and water clarity may increase resilience of populations to summertime MHWs. Our study informs predictions of how habitat‐forming foundation kelp species will be affected by interacting, concurrent stressors, typical of compound events that are intensifying under anthropogenic climate change.
Bronchoscopic findings in dogs with bronchial vegetal foreign bodies: 84 cases (2010‐2020)
Authors: Flageollet J. , Poujol L. , Jolivet F. , Baudin Trehiou C. , Lafuma F. , Bernardin F. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo describe endoscopic findings, foreign body location, success rate of removal and complications in dogs with bronchial vegetal foreign bodies.Materials and MethodsThe current study retrospectively evaluated the case records of dogs diagnosed with bronchial vegetal foreign bodies at a veterinary hospital centre between January 2010 and April 2020. Information retrieved included breed, sex, age, bodyweight, the season of presentation, presentation and duration of clinical signs, previous removal attempts performed by the referring veterinarian, foreign body location and endoscopic and imaging findings.ResultsEighty‐four cases were included. Fifty‐nine dogs (70%) presented during spring and summer. Cough (77 of 84; 92%) and fever (15 of 84; 18%) were the main clinical signs. One to 10 bronchial vegetal foreign bodies were removed from each dog. Purulent exudate was observed in the ventral larynx, trachea and bronchi in 49 (65%), 61 (81%) and 71 (95%) dogs, respectively. In most cases, only the barbules of the vegetal foreign bodies were initially observed during endoscopy. The presence of large bronchial nodules or an irregular mucosal surface was a frequent finding (62 of 75; 83%). Mild bleeding was the main complication (58 of 75; 77%) of endoscopic removal, which was successful in 67 of the 84 (80%) cases.Clinical SignificanceMucosal nodules associated with purulent material within the airways are frequent endoscopic findings in dogs with bronchial vegetal foreign bodies. Bronchoscopy is a relatively safe and useful technique for diagnosis and treatment of bronchial vegetal foreign bodies in dogs.
The Trauma of Medical Training in Two Webcomics: A Call for Multimodal Citation
Authors: Hamdy Sherine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMedical anthropologists have long wrestled with the problematic mind/body opposition that plagues both biomedicine and Euro‐American epistemologies. However, medical anthropology as a field has been surprisingly reticent to engage with visual media forms and creative expression, whether film, comics, or animation, even as these media have been shown to augment the bodily and emotional impact on the viewers as compared to solely text‐based media. This essay is an attempt to rethink how medical anthropologists can engage more with visual media, taking as an example two comic memoirs created by physicians about their medical training: “Healing Alone” (2019) and “Dailies of a Junior Doc” (2021). These webcomics effectively convey strong emotional and bodily experiences tied to medical education, and are powerful examples of how comics can be leveraged to reexamine assumptions about who can be doctors, how medical training molds them, and what sustains their practice. [medical training, webcomics, visual media, Cartesianism]
Multidimensional components of (state) mathematics anxiety: Behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and psychophysiological consequences
Authors: Mammarella Irene C. , Caviola Sara , Rossi Serena , Patron Elisabetta , Palomba Daniela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to analyze the different components of state mathematics anxiety that students experienced while solving calculation problems by manipulating their stress levels. A computerized mathematical task was administered to 165 fifth‐graders randomly assigned to three different groups: positive, negative, and control conditions, in which positive, negative, or no feedback during the task was given, respectively. Behavioral (task performance), emotional (negative feelings), cognitive (worrisome thoughts and perceived competence), and psychophysiological responses (skin conductance and vagal withdrawal) were analyzed. Behavioral responses did not differ in the positive and negative conditions, while the latter was associated with children's reportedly negative emotional states, worries, and perceived lack of competence. The stress induced in the negative condition led to an increase in skin conductance and cardiac vagal withdrawal in children. Our data suggest the importance of considering students’ interpretation of mathematics‐related experiences, which might affect their emotional, cognitive, and psychophysiological responses.
Salivary and serum levels of neutrophil proteases in periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yilmaz Dogukan , Niskanen Katariina , Gonullu Emel , Tervahartiala Taina , Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman , Sorsa Timo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to profile serum and salivary levels of active‐matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)‐8, tissue inhibitor MMP (TIMP)‐1, aMMP‐8/TIMP‐1 ratio, total MMP (tMMP)‐9, tMMP‐9/TIMP‐1 ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and human neutrophil elastase (HNE) in periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Materials and MethodsRheumatoid arthritis patients with periodontitis (RA + P, n = 26), periodontally healthy RA patients (RA, n = 23), systemically healthy periodontitis patients (P, n = 24), and controls (C, n = 24) were included. aMMP‐8 levels were determined by a time‐resolved immunofluorescence assay (IFMA), TIMP‐1, tMMP‐9, MPO, and HNE levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays.ResultsHigher salivary aMMP‐8 (p < 0.001), aMMP‐8/TIMP‐1 ratio (p = 0.043), tMMP‐9 (p = 0.011), tMMP‐9/TIMP‐1 ratio (p = 0.022), MPO (p = 0.026) and HNE (p < 0.001) levels were detected in P relative to the controls. Salivary TIMP‐1 was increased in RA patients regardless of periodontal status (RA + P vs. P: p = 0.038; RA vs. C: p = 0.020). Serum neutrophil proteases were increased in RA groups (RA + P, RA) compared to systemically healthy groups (P, C) (p < 0.05).ConclusionsSerum levels of neutrophil proteases were increased in RA study groups; however rheumatologic status seemingly does not affect salivary levels of these proteins.
DEVELOPMENTS IN EQUID HARNESSING AND DRAUGHT IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND HAN CHINA: INDEPENDENT OR INTERCONNECTED?
Authors: Brownrigg Gail , Crouwel Joost , Linduff Katheryn 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe interconnectedness of the ancient European, Eurasian and Chinese worlds is not doubted, but just what was exchanged and how the transmission of ideas took place is a question very much under investigation. This paper examines peculiarities of equid harnessing and draught across this vast area as a case in point to consider such issues as diffusion and independent invention, especially in relation to the emergence of single draught vehicles.