bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational homogenization of histological microstructures in human prostate tissue: Heterogeneity, anisotropy and tension‐compression asymmetry
Authors: Anderson Calum , Ntala Chara , Ozel Ali , Reuben Robert L. , Chen Yuhang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman prostatic tissue exhibits complex mechanical behaviour due to its multiphasic, heterogeneous nature, with hierarchical microstructures involving epithelial compartments, acinar lumens and stromal tissue all interconnected in complex networks. This study aims to establish a computational homogenization framework for quantifying the mechanical behaviour of prostate tissue, considering its multiphasic heterogeneous microstructures and the mechanical characteristics of tissue constituents. Representative tissue microstructure models were reconstructed from high‐resolution histology images. Parametric studies on the mechanical properties of the tissue constituents, particularly the fibre‐reinforced hyper‐elasticity of the stromal tissue, were carried out to investigate their effects on the apparent tissue properties. These were then benchmarked against the experimental data reported in literature. Results showed significant anisotropy, both structural and mechanical, and tension‐compression asymmetry of the apparent behaviours of the prostatic tissue. Strong correlation with the key microstructural indices such as area fractions of tissue constituents and the tissue fabric tensor was also observed. The correlation between the stromal tissue orientation and the principal directions of the apparent properties suggested an essential role of stromal tissue in determining the directions of anisotropy and the compression‐tension asymmetry characteristics in normal human prostatic tissue. This work presented a homogenization and histology‐based computational approach to characterize the apparent mechanical behaviours of human prostatic or other similar glandular tissues, with the ultimate aim of assessing how pathological conditions (e.g., prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia) could affect the tissue mechanical properties in a future study.
Preparation of two‐dimensional porphyrin‐based MOFs/derivatives and their potential in sensing and biomedical applications
Authors: Wang Yiran , Qiao Wang , Zhao Zhongxing , Zhao Zhenxia , Li Min 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional Porphyrin‐based MOFs (2D p‐MOFs) and their derivatives have demonstrated significant potential in sensing and biomedical applications with their development and optimization expected to lead to significant advances in these fields. However, achieving a high quality of 2D p‐MOFs remains the present research rub and challenge. This review covers various methods and compound strategies for preparing 2D p‐MOFs including both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches, both of which have drawbacks that need to be addressed, and also summarizes their advantages for the obtained prepared 2D p‐MOF. Meanwhile, we review the different ways of functionalizing 2D porphyrin‐based MOF nanosheets with examples. It also highlights the crucial role of 2D p‐MOFs and derivatives in sensing applications, including food safety inspection, biomedical sensing, and environmental testing. Finally, the review summarizes the medical treatment based on 2D p‐MOFs, including drug delivery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy, imaging, and more, further emphasizing the value of 2D p‐MOFs and derivatives.
Problem Solving MRI to Reduce False‐Positive Biopsy Related to Breast US: Conductivity vs. DWI vs. Abbreviated Contrast‐Enhanced MRI
Authors: Kim Jun‐Hyeong , Kim Soo‐Yeon , Cui Chuanjiang , Ji Hye , Yoen Heera , Cho Nariya , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundWhile breast ultrasound (US) is a useful tool for diagnosing breast masses, it can entail false‐positive biopsy results because of some overlapping features between benign and malignant breast masses and subjective interpretation.PurposeTo evaluate the performance of conductivity imaging for reducing false‐positive biopsy results related to breast US, as compared to diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and abbreviated MRI consisting of one pre‐ and one post‐contrast T1‐weighted imaging.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsSeventy‐nine women (median age, 44 years) with 86 Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) category 4 masses as detected by breast US.Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, T2‐weighted turbo spin echo sequence, DWI, and abbreviated contrast‐enhanced MRI (T1‐weighted gradient echo sequence).AssessmentUS‐guided biopsy (reference standard) was obtained on the same day as MRI. The maximum and mean conductivity parameters from whole and single regions of interest (ROIs) were measured. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were obtained from an area with the lowest signal within a lesion on the ADC map. The performance of conductivity, ADC, and abbreviated MRI for reducing false‐positive biopsies was evaluated using the following criteria: lowest conductivity and highest ADC values among malignant breast lesions and BI‐RADS categories 2 or 3 on abbreviated MRI.Statistical TestsOne conductivity parameter with the maximum area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operating characteristics was selected. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsUS‐guided biopsy revealed 65 benign lesions and 21 malignant lesions. The mean conductivity parameter of the single ROI method was selected (AUC = 0.74). Considering conductivity (≤0.10 S/m), ADC (≥1.60 × 10−3 mm2/sec), and BI‐RADS categories 2 or 3 reduced false‐positive biopsies by 23% (15 of 65), 38% (25 of 65), and 43% (28 of 65), respectively, without missing malignant lesions.Data ConclusionConductivity imaging may show lower performance than DWI and abbreviated MRI in reducing unnecessary biopsies.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Lacustrine evidence reveals spatially and temporally distinct Holocene ruptures on the Sawtooth Fault, Central Idaho, USA
Authors: Shapley M. , Thackray G. D. , Johnson E. , Finney B. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThe Sawtooth Fault in central Idaho, USA, is a range‐bounding normal fault with a Late Pleistocene–Holocene scarp near the up‐valley ends of several range‐front lakes. Cores from Redfish Lake, which spans the fault, exhibit evidence of catastrophic sediment re‐mobilization in two sequences consisting variably of intraclastic mud‐clast conglomerate, massive homogenite, and graded silt and clay. Event strata of the younger sequence are in unconformable contact with Pleistocene sediments in two cores on the northern lake‐basin slope, suggesting transport from the down‐valley portion of the lake toward the basin center. A silt cap associated with the event strata is preserved at all coring sites. The event sequence, distributed lake‐wide, dates to ca. 4300 cal a bp, while additional event strata in two Redfish Lake cores pre‐date the 7627 cal a
bp Mazama ash. We propose seismic triggering of the sediment disruptions. Asynchronous event stratigraphy in Pettit Lake, 15 km south of Redfish Lake, suggests distinct ruptures along two portions of the Sawtooth Fault. The sedimentology and geochemistry of remobilized sediments in both lakes indicates that sources included Late Pleistocene and early Holocene lake‐floor sediments and suggests failures that cut deeply into the sedimentary sequence. Cores collected from Stanley Lake (17 km northwest of Redfish Lake) following the nearby 2020 M6.5 Stanley earthquake exhibit a thin, sandy event horizon associated with documented delta collapse. Subaerial slope failures associated with the 2020 event left no widespread disturbance stratigraphy in Redfish Lake. We conclude that the large‐magnitude lake‐floor sediment remobilization events probably required rupture of fault sections proximal to Redfish and Pettit lakes.
Tonsillotomy for Periodic Fever Syndrome: A Randomized and Controlled Trial
Authors: Lantto Ulla , Tapiainen Terhi , Pokka Tytti , Koivunen Petri , Helminen Merja , Piitulainen Jaakko , Rekola Jami , Uhari Matti , Renko Marjo 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTonsillectomy is an effective treatment for periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. Tonsillotomy has a milder operative risk profile and postoperative morbidity in children than tonsillectomy. We aimed to compare the efficacy of tonsillotomy to observation‐only in children with PFAPA syndrome at a 3‐month follow‐up.MethodsThis was a randomized multicenter trial with sequential design. Participants were randomized into a tonsillotomy group and a control group that was only observed. The trial started in 1/2017 and was accomplished in 12/2021 with 16 patients (10 boys, six girls, the mean age 4.2 years). The symptoms were monitored with daily symptom diaries.ResultsAfter the 3‐month follow‐up, 7/8 patients (87.5%) in the tonsillotomy group and 2/8 (25%) patients in the control group were free from PFAPA symptoms (95% CI 13% to 87%; p = 0.0021). The mean number of days with fever was 2.6 (SD 3.7) in the tonsillotomy group and 8.0 (SD 6.5) days in the control group (n = 8) (p = 0.06). Mean number of fever days compatible with PFAPA syndrome was 0.8 (SD 1.4) in the tonsillotomy group and 6.5 (SD 6.0) in the control group (95%CI −10% to −1%; p = 0.007). Rescue tonsillectomy was needed for all patients in the control group and none of the patients in the tonsillotomy group.ConclusionsTonsillotomy might be an effective treatment option for children with PFAPA syndrome. Further studies are needed to clarify the long‐term efficacy of tonsillotomy for treating PFAPA.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 134:968–972, 2024
Study on mechanical characteristic of angular contact ball bearing with local defects under elastohydrodynamic lubrication
Authors: Liu Kai , Lei Chunli , Song Ruizhe , Xue Wei , Li Jianhua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model of angular contact ball bearings (ACBB) with local defects under spin condition is established. The local defect surface profile is characterised. On this basis, the modified quasi‐static model of ACBB with local defects is proposed. Then, the comprehensive stiffness model of ACBB with local defect under EHL is built, and the influence of different factors on the mechanical characteristics of ACBB with local defect is investigated. The results show that with the increase of the local defect size, the equivalent contact stiffness of the defect area decreases, and the contact load in non‐defect area increases. Considering EHL, the contact deformation of bearing decreases, the contact load and equivalent comprehensive stiffness increases obviously. The axial contact angle of the defect area largely determines the equivalent comprehensive stiffness of the roller at the defect.
The formation and functions of school‐based trauma‐leadership teams: A preliminary qualitative study
Authors: Liang Christopher T. H. , Gutekunst Malaika H. C. , Kohler Brooke A. , Rosenberger Teresa , Mui Vivian W. , Williams Keya , Safi Jessica M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStudies suggest that among children, adverse childhood experiences increase the risk of developing behavioral challenges in and out of the school environment. Rooted in distributed leadership, trauma‐leadership teams (TLTs) are a novel systems‐based intervention in which a team of educators deepens knowledge and works to implement trauma‐responsive policies and practices within the school community. The current study used a consensual qualitative research design to (a) understand the ways TLTs are created, (b) describe educators' perceived benefits and outcomes of these teams, and (c) describe how TLTs are applied in schools to improve trauma‐informed care practices. Additionally, the study highlights growth areas for TLT implementation. Domains from interviews include (1) Formation of TLTs; (2) Benefits and Outcomes of TLTs; (3) Trauma‐Responsive Competency; and (4) Growth Areas of TLT. Results suggest that TLT members view TLTs positively, offer insight into how TLTs are formed, and see benefits from TLTs within their school communities. Results also suggest areas for growth for TLTs.
Consensus for cooperative–competitive network systems: An impulsive perspective
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Yang , Lou Jungang , Cao Jinde 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUsually, hypotheses involving cooperative interactions and continuous interplay among interacting agents may result in somewhat conservatism, drastically hurdling potential about interpretations of prevalent aggregation phenomena arising in both nature and practical application. Of interest uncovered in this article is the cooperative–competitive consensus problems for multi‐agent systems by leverage of impulsive‐based control perspective. We first discuss the possibility of quantifying interaction relation of the agents and the description of cooperative–competitive phenomena that capture massive interest recently. Specifically, the former is done by algebraic graph theory, following the same research avenue as the convention; while the cooperative–competitive information is described by some nonzero scaling parameter. We shall pursue the tie that enables to anchor the consensus of participating agents, without depending on the signed graph theory. Subsequently, a manner relying on the local information is carried out to induce the consensus error to circumvent the global information. Then, consensus condition, in connection with the features of both continuous and impulsiveߚbased dynamics, is obtained, as well as several typical circumstances are also elaborated. Both the proposed consensus algorithms and the derived results are underpinned via a numerical study eventually.
Novel Vectors and Administrations for mRNA Delivery
Authors: Bai Chenghai , Wang Chen , Lu Yuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractmRNA therapy has shown great potential in infectious disease vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, protein replacement therapy, gene editing, and other fields due to its central role in all life processes. However, mRNA is challenging to pass through the cell membrane due to its significant negative charges and degradation from RNase, so the key to mRNA therapy is efficient packaging and delivery of it with appropriate vectors. Presently researchers have developed various vectors such as viruses and liposomes, but these conventional vectors are now difficult to meet the growing requirement like safety, efficiency, and targeting, so many novel delivery vectors with unique advantages have emerged recently. This review mainly introduces two categories of novel vectors: biomacromolecules and inorganic nanoparticles, as well as two novel methods of control and administration based on these novel vectors: controlled‐release administration and non‐invasive administration. These novel delivery strategies have the advantages of high safety, biocompatibility, versatility, intelligence, and targeting. This paper analyzes the challenges faced by the field of mRNA delivery in depth, and discusses how to use the characteristics of novel vectors and administrations to solve these problems.
AI-powered recommender systems and the preservation of personal autonomy
Authors: del Valle Juan Ignacio , Lara Francisco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecommender Systems (RecSys) have been around since the early days of the Internet, helping users navigate the vast ocean of information and the increasingly available options that have been available for us ever since. The range of tasks for which one could use a RecSys is expanding as the technical capabilities grow, with the disruption of Machine Learning representing a tipping point in this domain, as in many others. However, the increase of the technical capabilities of AI-powered RecSys did not come with a thorough consideration of their ethical implications and, despite being a well-established technical domain, the potential impacts of RecSys on their users are still under-assessed. This paper aims at filling this gap in regards to one of the main impacts of RecSys: personal autonomy. We first describe how technology can affect human values and a suitable methodology to identify these effects and mitigate potential harms: Value Sensitive Design (VSD). We use VSD to carry out a conceptual investigation of personal autonomy in the context of a generic RecSys and draw on a nuanced account of procedural autonomy to focus on two components: competence and authenticity. We provide the results of our inquiry as a value hierarchy and apply it to the design of a speculative RecSys as an example.
Emergency paediatric medicine consultation—a practical guide to a consultation with refugee and asylum-seeking children within the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Chawla Jaya , Houbby Nour , Boutros Sarah , Davies Sarah , Farina Ella , Stewart Charles G. , Munajjed Osama 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere are increasing numbers of refugee and asylum-seeking children entering the UK annually who face significant barriers to accessing healthcare services. Clinicians working in the emergency department should have an awareness of the journeys children may have taken and the barriers they face in accessing care and have a holistic approach to care provision. We conducted a narrative literature review and used experiential knowledge of paediatricians working in the Paediatric Emergency Department to formulate a step-by-step screening tool. We have formulated a step-by-step screening tool, CCHILDS (Communication, Communicable diseases, Health—physical and mental, Immunisation, Look after (safeguarding), Deficiencies, Sexual health) which can be used by healthcare professionals in the emergency department.Conclusion: Due to increasing numbers of refugee and asylum-seeking children, it is important that every point of contact with healthcare professionals is an impactful one on their health, well-being and development. Future work would include validation of our tool.

What is Known:

•The number of refugees globally are rapidly increasing, leading to an increase in the number of presentations to the PED. These patients are often medically complex and may have unique and sometimes unexpected presentations that could be attributed to by their past. There are a multitude of resources available outlining guidance on the assessment and management of refugee children.

What is New:

•This review aims to succinctly summarise the guidance surrounding the assessment of refugee children presenting to the PED and ensure that healthcare professionals are aware of the pertinent information regarding this cohort. It introduces the CCHILDS assessment tool which has been formulated through a narrative review of the literature and acts as a mnemonic to aid professionals in their assessment of refugee children in the PED.
Consequences of polyploidy and divergence as revealed by cytogenetic mapping of tandem repeats in African clawed frogs (Xenopus, Pipidae)
Authors: Fornaini Nicola R. , Bergelová Barbora , Gvoždík Václav , Černohorská Halina , Krylov Vladimír , Kubíčková Svatava , Fokam Eric B. , Badjedjea Gabriel , Evans Ben J. , Knytl Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRepetitive elements have been identified in several amphibian genomes using whole genome sequencing, but few studies have used cytogenetic mapping to visualize these elements in this vertebrate group. Here, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization and genomic data to map the U1 and U2 small nuclear RNAs and histone H3 in six species of African clawed frog (genus Xenopus), including, from subgenus Silurana, the diploid Xenopus tropicalis and its close allotetraploid relative X. calcaratus and, from subgenus Xenopus, the allotetraploid species X. pygmaeus, X. allofraseri, X. laevis, and X. muelleri. Results allowed us to qualitatively evaluate the relative roles of polyploidization and divergence in the evolution of repetitive elements because our focal species include allotetraploid species derived from two independent polyploidization events — one that is relatively young that gave rise to X. calcaratus and another that is older that gave rise to the other (older) allotetraploids. Our results demonstrated conserved loci number and position of signals in the species from subgenus Silurana; allotetraploid X. calcaratus has twice as many signals as diploid X. tropicalis. However, the content of repeats varied among the other allotetraploid species. We detected almost same number of signals in X. muelleri as in X. calcaratus and same number of signals in X. pygmaeus, X. allofraseri, X. laevis as in the diploid X. tropicalis. Overall, these results are consistent with the proposal that allopolyploidization duplicated these tandem repeats and that variation in their copy number was accumulated over time through reduction and expansion in a subset of the older allopolyploids.
A retrospective, comparative, clinical study of occlusion rate of peripherally inserted central catheters fabricated of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based hydrogel composite
Authors: Bunch Joseph , Hanley Brian , Donahue Daniel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThrombotic accumulation is associated with surface interactions between blood proteins and vascular access devices. Catheter occlusion results from this process, and is a costly, common, occurrence with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). Hydrophilic catheter materials exhibit antithrombotic properties. This retrospective study evaluates the occurrence of catheter occlusion of PICCs constructed of a poly(vinyl alcohol)-based hydrogel composite known as hydrophilic biomaterial (HBM), compared to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) control devices. A total of 121 PICCs, 60 HBM and 61 TPU, were placed in patients with a clinical need and were reviewed for the occurrence of catheter occlusion. The records review found that occlusions occurred in 0/60 (0.0%) of the HBM PICCs and 13/61 (21.3%) of TPU PICCs (p = 0.001). HBM exhibits favorable qualities for vascular access, most importantly its extreme hydrophilicity. Clinically, this may be responsible for the reduction in PICC occlusions, which could improve patient outcomes.
Graphical Abstract
Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis for Translation Invariant Spin Systems
Authors: Sugimoto Shoki , Henheik Joscha , Riabov Volodymyr , Erdős László 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe prove the Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis (ETH) for local observables in a typical translation invariant system of quantum spins with L-body interactions, where L is the number of spins. This mathematically verifies the observation first made by Santos and Rigol (Phys Rev E 82(3):031130, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.82.031130) that the ETH may hold for systems with additional translational symmetries for a naturally restricted class of observables. We also present numerical support for the same phenomenon for Hamiltonians with local interaction.