bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An atomic boson sampler
Authors: Young Aaron , Geller Shawn , Eckner William , Schine Nathan , Glancy Scott , Knill Emanuel , Kaufman Adam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

A boson sampler implements a restricted model of quantum computing. It is defined by the ability to sample from the distribution resulting from the interference of identical bosons propagating ac- cording to programmable, non-interacting dynamics [1]. Here, we demonstrate a new combination of tools for implementing boson sampling using ultracold atoms in a two-dimensional, tunnel-coupled optical lattice. These tools include fast and programmable preparation of large ensembles of nearly identical bosonic atoms (99.5+0.5 −1.6% indistinguishability) by means of rearrangement with optical tweezers and high-fidelity optical cooling, propagation for variable evolution time in the lattice with low loss (5.0(2) %, independent of evolution time), and high fidelity detection of the atom positions after their evolution (typically 99.8(1) %). With this system, we study specific instances of boson sampling involving up to 180 atoms distributed among ∼ 1000 sites in the lattice. Direct verifi- cation of a given boson sampling distribution is not feasible in this regime. Instead, we introduce and perform targeted tests to determine the indistinguishability of the prepared atoms, to char- acterize the applied family of single particle unitaries, and to observe expected bunching features due to interference for a large range of atom numbers. When extended to interacting systems, our work demonstrates the core capabilities required to directly assemble ground and excited states in simulations of various Hubbard models [2, 3].
Effects of probiotics on intermediate disease markers in individuals with overweight and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Xian , Peng Cai , Gou Hao , Le Qu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground:Overweight and obesity has become a global health issue with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Probiotics has shown its effectiveness on intermediate disease markers, however, its efficacy remain unclear. This meta-analysis examined the effects of probiotics on intermediate disease markers in individuals with overweight and obesity.Methods:All randomized controlled trials published in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases between 2013 and 2023 were systematically searched. The Cochrane Handbook Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess study quality. 26 studies with 1,884 adults with overweight and obesity were selected for inclusion in our analysis. Data were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 and Stata version 15.1 software.Results:Probiotics significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (SMD= − 0.1, 95% CI: − 0.20, 0.00,p＜ 0.05) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD= − 0.17, 95% CI: − 0.32, − 0.01,p＜ 0.05), and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (SMD= 0.11, 95% CI:0.01, 0.21,p＜ 0.05). There were no significant changes observed in the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and C-reactive protein (p> 0.05).Conclusions:Our results of this meta-analysis suggests that adding probiotics may improve intermediate disease markers, such as LDL, HOMA-IR, and HDL, in overweight and obese individuals. However, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Why do general practitioners leave Spain? A mixed methods international study
Authors: Calderon-Larranaga Sara , González-De-La-Fuente Ángel , Espinosa-González Ana Belén , Casado-Vicente Verónica , Brito-Fernandes Oscar , Klazinga Niek , Kringos Dionne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
International mobility of health workforce affects the performance of health systems and has major relevance in human resources for health policy and planning. To date, there has been little research exploring the reasons why general practitioners(GPs) migrate. This mixed methods study aimed to investigate the reasons why Spain-trained GPs migrate and develop GP retention and recruitment health policy recommendations relevant to Spanish primary care.
Methods
The study followed an explanatory sequential mixed methods study design combining surveys with semi-structured interviews and focus groups with GPs who qualified in Spain and were living overseas at the time of the study. Survey data were analysed using quantitative methods. Interview and focus group transcripts were analysed thematically.
Results
The survey had 158 respondents with an estimated 25.4% response rate. Insufficient salary (75.3%), job insecurity and temporality (67.7%), excessive workload (67.7%), poor primary care governance (55.7%), lack of flexibility in the workplace (43.7%) and personal circumstances (43.7%) were the main reasons for leaving Spain. Almost half of the respondents (48.7%) would consider returning to Spanish general practice if their working conditions improved. Interviews and focus groups with respondents (n = 24) pointed towards the need to improve the quality of employment contracts, working conditions, opportunities for professional development, and governance in primary care for effective retention and recruitment.
Conclusion
Efforts to improve GP retention and recruitment in Spain should focus on salary, job security, flexibility, protected workload, professional development, and governance. We draw ten GP retention and recruitment recommendations expected to inform urgent policy action to tackle existing and predicted GP shortages in Spanish primary care.
Properties of Al x Ga 1-x As grown from a mixed Ga-Bi melt
Authors: Khvostikova Olga , Vlasov Alexey , Ber Boris , Salii Roman , Khvostikov Vladimir 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Thick smoothly graded AlxGa1−xAs layers (50–100 µm) are used in light-emitting diode structures and also for creation of high-power photovoltaic converters with side-input of laser radiation. To achieve the required thickness of the AlxGa1−xAs layer the high temperature LPE growth technique is required. However high epitaxial temperature increases the unintentional doping level. Epitaxy from mixed Ga-Bi melts was investigated as a way to solve this problem. It was found that for growing relatively thick AlxGa1−xAs layers, it is expedient to use Ga-Bi melts with 20 at.% or less bismuth content. SIMS and Hall characterization of AlxGa1−xAs layers revealed that the growth of AlxGa1−xAs from mixed Ga-Bi melts reduces the background doping level (including carbon) and influences the native defect formation keeping the n-type conductivity. This effect is explained by the changes of the group III and V elements concentrations in the melt as well as Bi incorporation in the lattice.
GaAs nano-ridge laser diodes fully fabricated in a 300 mm CMOS pilot line
Authors: De Koninck Yannick , Caer Charles , Yudistira Didit , Baryshnikova Marina , Sar Huseyin , Patra Saroj , Hsieh Ping-Yi , Kuznetsova Nadezda , Colucci Davide , Milenin Alexey , Yimam Andualem , Morthier Geert , Thourhout Dries Van , Verheyen Peter , Pantouvaki Marianna , Kunert Bernardette , Campenhout Joris Van 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Silicon photonics is a rapidly developing technology that promises to revolutionize the way we communicate, compute, and sense the world [1,2,3,4,5,6]. However, the lack of highly scalable, native CMOS-integrated light sources is one of the main factors hampering its widespread adoption. Despite significant progress in hybrid and heterogeneous integration of III-V light sources on silicon [7,8,9,10,11,12], monolithic integration by direct epitaxial growth of III-V materials remains the pinnacle in realizing cost-effective on-chip light sources. Here, we report the first electrically driven GaAs-based multi-quantum-well laser diodes fully fabricated on 300 mm Si wafers in a CMOS pilot manufacturing line. GaAs nano-ridge waveguides with embedded p-i-n diodes, InGaAs quantum wells and InGaP passivation layers are grown with high quality at wafer scale, leveraging selective-area epitaxy with aspect-ratio trapping. After III-V facet patterning and standard CMOS contact metallization, room-temperature continuous-wave lasing is demonstrated at wavelengths around 1020 nm in more than three hundred devices across a wafer, with threshold currents as low as 5 mA, output powers beyond 1 mW, laser linewidths down to 46 MHz, and laser operation up to 55 °C. These results illustrate the potential of the III-V/Si nano-ridge engineering concept for the monolithic integration of laser diodes in a Si photonics platform, enabling future cost-sensitive high-volume applications in optical sensing, interconnects and beyond.
Reproductive analysis of functional interference and role of pollinators in sunnhemp: A late-acting self-incompatible crop
Authors: Maruthi Rangappa Thimmaiah , Kumar Arroju Anil , Choudhary Shashi Bhushan , Sharma Hariom Kumar , Prasannakumar N. R. , Mitra Jiban 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Sunnhemp (C. juncea), a commercially important bast fibre crop possesses late-acting self-incompatibility. The flower is complete, zygomorphic, gamosepalous and herkogamus. Crops with hermaphrodite flowers expressing late-acting self-incompatibility like sunnhemp often encounter sexual interference. The impact of sexual interference in sunnhemp can be studied by understanding its reproductive mechanism and pollinator behaviour. Here, we reported the consequence of different possible types of pollination in sunnhemp under natural conditions and the role of pollinator behaviour in sexual interference. Controlled hand-pollination experiments and seed set analysis were done to understand the influence of sexual interference on seed setting. Self-pollination and pistil longevity studies were undertaken to determine the effect of self-pollination on pistil abscission. Through field observations pollinator identity and how they interact with flowers were recorded. Pollination studies highlight the importance of pollen quality over quantity in determining the reproductive success of sunnhemp. The differential pistil longevity between unpollinated and self-pollinated flowers reassured the presence of late-acting self-incompatible in sunnhemp. Xylocopa auripennis, Xylocopa fenestrate and Xylocopa ruficornis were the most effective pollinators. Further, overall pollination scheme was hypothesized for the species by considering floral development and principal pollinators. We conclude that under natural conditions some self-pollination and geitonogamy were unavoidable, which often causes pollen limitation and ovule discounting in sunnhemp.
Environmental impacts of lactation type, accessories, purchasing habits, and diet: The GREEN MOTHER-I project, an observational study protocol
Authors: Cabedo-Ferreiro Rosa Maria , Liutsko Liudmila , Cos-Busquets Judit , García-Sierra Rosa , Colldeforns-Vidal Margalida , Reyes-Lacalle Azahara , Vicente-Hernández Mª Mercedes , Masvidal Miriam Gómez , Montero-Pons Laura , Cazorla Gemma , Torán-Monserrat Pere , Violán Concepció , Falguera-Puig Gemma 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Breastfeeding (BF) is the healthiest form of nutrition for babies and is recommended exclusively (EBF) for at least the first six months of life. The carbon footprint of formula feeding (FF) has been studied, but that of BF is unknown.
Aim: To identify the environmental impact of EBF vs. FF and mixed feeding (MF), taking into account the accessories needed for BF and the diet of postpartum women during the baby’s first month of life.
Methods: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted in the Barcelona North Metropolitan Area (Catalonia, Spain). The participating sites are primary care settings that will recruit 408 pregnant and/or postpartum women (4-6 weeks) as per inclusion/exclusion criteria. The data will be collected through a GREEN MOTHER Survey (Phase 1) that includes 4 dimensions: 1) socio-demographic and clinical data; 2) data on a newborn and accessories used in lactation; 3) general data on the mother's diet (includes habits on purchasing and cooking), and 4) 24h of the mother diet register. The data analysis will be performed to check the prevalence of BF types at month 0 and month 1, as well as a comparative analysis of three types of BF on environmental impact (carbon footprint; water consumption, and scarcity).
Ethics: This project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Jordi Gol i Gurina University Institute Foundation for Primary Health Care Research (IDIAP) under code 22/101-P dated 22/02/2023.
Discussion: The results of the project will be disseminated during and after its duration: The CO2 impact of EBF, FF, and MF calculated in the current Study I will be included in the educational materials of the intervention program of Study II (the following step of the two-phases GREEN MOTHER project). We expect that the project results - through the publication and dissemination of scientific papers and reports - among relevant stakeholders (association of community midwives and the general public) will increase the public awareness of breastfeeding and its impact on sustainability.
Keywords: Public health; Postpartum Women; Maternal medicine; Protocols & Guidelines; Health Education; Nutrition & Dietetics; Sustainability; Carbon footprint, climate impact, environmental impact
Hybrid Machine learning algorithms at the service of student performance
Authors: Adil Korchi , Youness Manzali , Ahmed Abatal , Ahmed Elhamal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The ability to alter and improve a student's status in order to get the greatest performance out of them so that they pass their courses is an important component of today's educational landscape. This operation allows for the prediction of a student's performance in one or more disciplines.
This has become possible nowadays through the use of Machine Learning algorithms that mine educational data to predict student performance by training the models and testing them with the available data set while using different algorithms.
In this study, we compared 9 algorithms namely: ANN (Artificial neural network), DT (Decision tree), ELM based Model, KNN (K-nearest neighbour), LR (Logistic regression), LR 1 (Linear regression), NB (Naïve Bayes), RF (Random forest) and finally SVM (Support vector machine) in order to obtain the best models based on students’ performance in well-defined disciplines in order to improve their results and the success in their study.
We started with the data collection and then we carried out a preprocessing process, after which, we built models in order to compare and evaluate them.
Subsequently, we compared the results obtained and which were generated by the different algorithms in table 2 and which showed that the Random forest had the best ranking and this, in almost all the methods used (MAE , RMSE, ACC, AUC, RAE CSR) monitored by SVM which had satisfactory results.
Cultural Impacts on the Environmental Attitudes of Early Childhood Teachers: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: LUO Hua , LI Wai Chin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

This article prioritized the cultural impacts on the environmental attitudes of in-service early childhood teachers through a mixed-method study. Totally 832 valid responses were collected through online survey while 12 participants were involved in interviews. According to the outcomes of 2-MEV, participants showed a significantly more positive environmental attitude on conservation than that on utilization regardless of their educational levels, working years and workplaces. They embraced a moderate level of power distance, a low level of authority control and a relatively high level of collectivism. Participants with more emphasis on authority openness and collectivism would have a more positive attitude on environmental conservation while higher power distance and more collective concerns could predict a more positive attitude on environmental utilization. However, attention should also be given to other factors influencing their environmental attitudes such as the characteristics of female teachers, job satisfaction and teacher leadership.
LDL-C target-goal achievements in patients with acute and old cerebral infarction: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Zhong , Jin Shijia , Zhang Yifan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective To investigate the baseline and six-month follow-up data of main lipid indexes and LDL-C target goal attainment regarding current guidelines among patients with acute and old cerebral infarction (ACI, OCI).Method A total of 1099 patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurology from January 2021 to December 2022 were consecutively enrolled and divided into ACI, OCI and control groups. General data (sex, age, body mass index (BMI), medications, smoking and disease history, etc. ), baseline and six-month follow-up laboratory data were collected and analyzed. Patients with ACI were divided into dyslipidemia and normal groups according to the lipid management guidelines of the European, American and Chinese populations. The chi-square test, Mann‒Whitney U test and logistic regression were used to screen possible predictors for dyslipidemia.Result TC and LDL-C levels among patients with ACI or OCI were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). Whether according to European (94.7% vs 89.0% vs 13.4%, P = 0.003), American (94.7% vs 67.7%% vs 45.9%, P < 0.001) or Chinese (85.1% vs 59.1% vs 18.6%, P < 0.001) standards, the proportion of dyslipidemia in patients with ACI was higher than that in patients with OCI and the control group. According to European and American standards, elevated BMI and eGFR were predictors for dyslipidemia in ACI patients. According to Chinese standards, elevated BMI, HbA1c and eGFR were independent predictors for dyslipidemia. The 6-month follow-up of the main lipid levels showed that among patients with ACI, the levels of TC, LDL-C, and TGs (4.86 vs 3.79, P < 0.001; 2.98 vs 2.01, P < 0.001; 1.46 vs 1.20, P < 0.001) and the proportion of dyslipidemia decreased significantly by European/American or Chinese standards (86.8% vs 64.6%, P = 0.015; 97.2% vs 84.7%, P = 0.012).Conclusion This study showed that lipid management was still not optimistic in patients with ACI. More attention should be given to patients with elevated BMI, eGFR and HbA1c. Although the main lipid levels decreased significantly 6 months after discharge with lipid-lowering therapy, there was still a long way to go to enable more patients to achieve the guideline-recommended lipid target goal.
Using Big Data to Analyze and Improve Emergency Department Efficiency: New Methods and Techniques
Authors: Ahmed Abatal , Adil Korchi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Efficiency is crucial, in Emergency Departments (EDs). It can be hindered by the number of patients. In this study we present a solution that utilizes the increasing amount of healthcare data and advancements in data analysis techniques. Our approach involves a combination of LSTM and Decision Tree models to enhance the accuracy of predicting volume, in EDs. The results indicate that our model outperforms existing methods suggesting its potential to improve ED efficiency.
Cellulose-Based Nanofibers Electrospun from Cuprammonium Solutions
Authors: Iqbal Danish , Zhao Renhai , Sarwar Muhammad Ilyas , Ning Xin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The production of nanofibers based on cellulose has attracted considerable interest due to their remarkable biocompatibility and thermal and mechanical characteristics, rendering them increasingly popular for numerous biomass-based fibrous applications. The current research describes the electrospinning process of cellulose utilizing cuprammonium solutions. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is also introduced to improve electrospinning and end material characteristics. The impact of the cellulose source, cellulose concentration, PEO molecular weight, and PEO concentration on spinnability and fiber morphology was systematically investigated. The analysis of membrane morphology and other associated characteristics was conducted through scanning electron microscopy with X-ray diffractometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. A direct relationship exists between cellulose concentration and PEO molecular weight, resulting in an observed enhancement in fiber diameter. The nanofiber membranes demonstrate notable antibacterial characteristics for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) owing to copper nanoparticles due to cuprammonium solution. Hence, the nanofiber membranes exhibit promising potential for utilization in several domains, such as water treatment, food packaging, medical, and separation.
Analytical displacement-controlled solutions to bifurcation buckling and post-buckling of soft functional beams with constrained ends
Authors: Zeng Xiaguang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The soft functional beams in many modern devices usually have elastic bifurcation buckling under the end-displacement control, which is essential to their consequent functions. The concise and accurate analytical solutions for the buckling and post-buckling analysis are needed to fast design these beams. Here we derive some closed-form displacement-controlled solutions for the bifurcation buckling and post-buckling of such end-constrained beams via the precise consideration of the deformed configuration of the beams. The displacement-controlled solutions to the potential energy, structural deformation, internal forces and their critical results are obtained in concise form for the beams with six typical boundary conditions. We find that these beams have only one unique but universal normalized potential energy surface depending on only two dimensionless quantities. The valley bottom pathways on the potential energy surface show that the critical buckling state is not only a bifurcation point but also a valley-ridge inflection point, and the energy increases quadratically before the point and increases linearly with a slope of 2 beyond the point. The axial forces are gradually increasing during post-buckling, greater than the traditional prediction. Our theoretical expressions provide a direct description on the end-displacement-controlled bifurcation buckling and post-buckling of the soft beams with finite deformation, which would inspire the derivation of the analytical displacement-controlled solutions for some other elastic bifurcation buckling problems.
Genomic and proteomic investigation of the mechanism of antibiotic resistance in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples
Authors: Vijayan Karthikeyan , Purushothaman Bharathi , Sivalingam Sindhu , Kaliamoorthy Venugopal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The study was aimed at isolating methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical samples and elucidating the molecular mechanism behind antibiotic resistance. S. aureus was isolated from 249 clinical samples, including wound, blood, ear swabs, pus, nasal swabs, sputum, and HVS. Also, the isolates were tested for methicillin resistance by antibiotic sensitivity assay. All the 96 MRSA isolates were subjected to DNA isolation and screening for the presence of target genes such as mecA, norA and qacA. In addition, the proteins from MRSA were analysed by SDS PAGE, 2D gel electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF analysis and structural elucidation was done. The results revealed that a total of 130 samples tested positive for S. aureus among which 96 samples were found to be methicillin resistant. Genomic analysis suggests the presence of mecA gene in 90 MRSA isolates and norA gene in the remaining 6 MRSA isolates. It is to be noted that qacA gene expression wasn’t detected in any of the 96 MRSA isolates. Finally proteomic studies revealed the presence of two distinct proteins including the zinc finger protein that is involved in β-lactamase activity. The findings of our study thus shows that mecA and norA genes and zinc finger protein are present in the S. aureus isolates leading to methicillin resistance.