bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Cultural Study of Mask-Wearing During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Comparing China, Japan and the USA
Authors: Mathews Gordon 
Published: April 2023

During the Covid-19 epidemic, Japanese and Chinese have overwhelmingly tended to wear face masks, while Americans have not. Why? In this paper, based on ethnographic interviews with members of these three societies as well as examination of mass media and scholarly reports, I provide a preliminary interpretation of this question.
I first consider social psychologists’ large-scale analyses of collectivism versus individualism; China and Japan are both considered to be collectivistic societies, whereas the United States is considered to be individualistic. I also consider ethnic belonging to one’s nation in China and Japan, as opposed to civic belonging to one’s nation in the United States. These explications have value in understanding Covid-19 policies but seem of limited use in explaining mask-wearing. For such understanding, I turn to ethnographic interviews—some twenty in each society—as well as participant-observation in public sites.
My findings are these: While in Japan social pressure is paramount in leading to mask wearing, with the state mostly absent, in China state pressure is paramount, with social pressure largely absent. In the United States, with social pressure absent beyond one’s sub-group and state pressure hotly contested, mask-wearing becomes a matter of politically-based individual choice. In these three societies, there have thus been different axes as to why mask-wearing is accepted or contested. This research is of too small a scale to fully explicate these factors; but it does show how anthropological analysis is essential in combining with the findings of other disciplines such as social psychology to arrive at a fuller understanding of contemporary social phenomena.
Bangunan Sehat sebagai Penunjang Health Tourism di Bali
Authors: Sekarlangit Nimas 
Published: April 2023

Title: Healthy Buildings as Supporting Health Tourism in Bali

Bali is known as a tourist destination, and tourism in Bali has fallen due to COVID-19. The government plans to revive Bali tourism by establishing it as a health tourism destination. Support for health tourism is the healthy buildings that can minimise the transmission of COVID-19. In addition to health in tourist attractions, houses and areas where people live must also be healthy. The facilities in traditional Balinese villages have generally changed their function to become new buildings to accommodate the number of families and changes in activity patterns. These changes cause buildings to become unhealthy and impact the health of the village. Based on these problems, it is necessary to ask that healthy buildings in traditional Balinese villages can support health tourism. The research objective was to conduct an initial study of healthy buildings in traditional villages. The benefit of the research is preventing transmission of COVID-19 and other outbreaks that may occur in the Bali region. The research method is a literature study and observation. The study results are recommendations for repairing buildings in traditional villages to reduce the risk of transmission of the COVID-19 virus.
Analysis of treatment approaches and the efficiency of application of a decision support program in polyclinic practice during the covid-pandemic period
Authors: Bontsevich R. A. , Kotlyarova V. K. , Bukach O. A. , Gubarev A. V. , Dubonosova D. G. , Rostovceva I. G. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The issues of rational treatment of a new coronavirus infection (NCI), compliance of medical prescriptions with current clinical recommendations have been extremely relevant since the beginning of the pandemic. Of particular importance is the problem of overprescribing antimicrobials.Aim. To analyze the prescriptions of medicines and evaluate the results of the implementation of the medical decision support system (MDSS) among general practitioners and general practitioners of the Belgorod outpatient department in the treatment of NCIMaterials and methods. Treatment regimens for outpatient patients with confirmed or probable COVID-19 infection were studied. The study was carried out in two stages: before and after the implementation of the MDSS: in the main group (MG, departments of the Belgorod polyclinic with the implemented MDSS), 95 episodes of treatment were analyzed before the implementation of the MDSS and 94 after. In the control group (CG, without the introduction of MDSS) – 48 episodes at the 1st and 2nd stages. The prescriptions of the main groups of drugs, their compliance with the recommendations were assessed, the impact of the introduction of MDSS on the applied therapy regimens was assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using four-field and multi-field contingency tables using Pearson’s χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test.Results. The 285 NCI therapy regimens were analyzed. In the course of the study, the structure of drug prescriptions was determined. It was found that against the background of the implementation of the MDSS, the specialists of the MG statistically significantly reduced the unreasonable prescription of antibacterial drugs (from 24.2 to 6.4%, p < 0.001; in the CG, p > 0.05; p(MG-CG) < 0.001), less frequently prescribed anticoagulants (p(MG-CG) > 0.05); significantly less often – systemic glucocorticosteroids (p(MG-CG) < 0.001), the group of mucolitic, bronchodilator and antitussive drugs (p(MG-CG) < 0.01), vitamins (p(MG-CG) < 0.001); significantly more often (p(MG-CG) < 0.05) – local antiseptics and the group of the other drugs . There were no significant differences (p(MG-CG) > 0.05) at the second stage of the study in the use of antiviral, immunomodulatory, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Conclusion. Insufficient adherence of medical specialists to recommendations for the treatment of NCI has been established, a number of irrational therapeutic preferences have been identified. We believe that the follow-up medical educational activities, improvement and rational use of MDSS will help improve the quality of management of patients with NCI.
Latent tuberculosis infection in risk groups of the adult population of the Saratov Region
Authors: Morozova T. I. , Doktorova N. P. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The priority of anti-tuberculosis work in the Saratov Region is the early detection of the disease and the prevention of new cases of pathology. The presence of medical and social risk factors for developing tuberculosis significantly increases the risk of developing local forms of tuberculosis, especially if patients have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).Aim. To assess the prevalence of LTBI in the adult population with an increased risk of developing tuberculosis in the adult population.Materials and methods. The design of the study is a retrospective non-comparative. The data of patients from high-risk groups for the development of the disease for the period of 2015–2019, examined using a skin test with a recombinant tuberculosis allergen (Diaskintest, Generium JSC, Russia) in the Saratov Region, were analyzed.Results. 153,120 people from medical outpatient risk groups and 3,099 people from social risk groups were examined. Among adults with medical risk factors for developing tuberculosis, the largest number of positive and doubtful results of Diaskintest were recorded in patients with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology – 15.88%; among the group of those surveyed with social risk factors for developing tuberculosis – in persons released from penitentiary institutions (25.88%).Conclusions. The decrease in incidence rates in the Saratov Region confirms the correctness of the chosen tactics regarding the use of the Diaskintest test to identify individuals with LTBI among the adult population and the implementation of measures to reduce the reservoir of tuberculosis infection. Given the effectiveness of the measures taken, it is advisable to work with risk groups for Diaskintest and further examination in a general medical network. To do this, it is necessary to make additions to the current Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 2017 No. 124n “On approval of the procedure and terms for conducting preventive medical examinations of citizens in order to detect tuberculosis” regarding the use of recombinant tuberculosis allergen samples in the adult population.
Effectiveness of lumacaftor/ivacaftor in 1-year therapy of cystic fibrosis in adult patients
Authors: Krasovskiy S. A. , Kagazezhev R. U. , Zonenko O. G. , Sergienko D. F. , Butyugina N. S. , Gushchin M. Y. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Cystic fibrosis is a severe systemic multiorgan exocrinopathy, the severity of the condition in 95% cases is caused by the depth of respiratory organ damage. Symptom management drugs that were developed over more than 50 years allowed to improve survival, but average life expectancy in cystic fibrosis (CF) remains well below the general population average. Targeted therapy is the most promising treatment, which restores the chloride channel function. Lumacaftor/ivacaftor is the first targeted therapy drug authorized in Russia.Aim. To evaluate the effect of lumacaftor/ivacaftor therapy on the respiratory function, microbiological profile, nutritional and oxygen status, as well as the rescue antibiotic therapy coverage in adult patients with CF.Materials and methods. 39 adult patients with CF received lumacaftor/ivacaftor for one year. The therapy effectiveness endpoints included the changes in indices of the pulmonary function tests: FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, sweat test results, nutritional and oxygen status, antibiotic therapy coverage. The tolerability of the drug was assessed. The median age of patients was 28.9 (11.3) years. 6 patients (15.4%) discontinued therapy due to different adverse reactions.Results. The median increase in FVC was 2.9 (4.1)%, in FEV1 – 3.1 (4.1)%, sweat chloride decreased by 21 (27) mmol/l during 1–1.5-month lumacaftor/ivacaftor therapy. After 12-month therapy, the median increase in FVC was 2.3 (3.6)%, in FEV1 – 2.4 (3.8)%, BMI increased by 0.6 (0.6) kg/m2 and the frequency of rescue antibiotic therapy decreased by half. The patients showed a significant increase in FVC and FEV1 indices and a decrease in sweat chloride after 1-month therapy and an increase in FEV1 indices, BMI vales as well as a reduced need for rescue antibiotic therapy after 12-month therapy.Conclusion. The first experience with a long-term pathogenetic therapy with lumacaftor/ivacaftor in adult patients with CF in Russia demonstrated the expected positive effect on the respiratory function and changes in nutritional status, a reduced need for rescue antibiotic therapy, and low rates of adverse reactions.
Experience of using systemic glucocorticoids during reconvalescence of patients after a new coronavirus infection of moderate severity
Authors: Rudakov Yu. V. , Bogomolov A. A. , Salukhov V. V. , Kharitonov M. A. , Chugunov A. A. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Part of the reconvalescents after new coronavirus infection (NCI), have residual respiratory structural and functional abnormalities.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose systemic glucocorticoids (SSG) in patients with respiratory symptoms and residual “fibrosis-like” changes in lung tissue after a moderately severe NCI with up to 50% lesion volume.Materials and methods. Reconvalescents with moderate NKI who had respiratory symptoms and residual fibrosis-like changes in lung tissue at the time of discharge were randomly divided into two groups: those receiving systemic glucocorticoids (n = 15) and those not (n = 27). Complaint assessment, 6-minute walk test (6-MHT), spirometry, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRT) were performed at baseline, 2, and 9 months later. The primary endpoint of the study was complete disappearance of pathological changes in the lungs according to CTVR. Secondary endpoints of the study were: disappearance of respiratory complaints, increase in the distance traveled in 6-MCG test, regression of functional ventilatory disturbances according to spirometry data.Results and discussion. In both groups by the 9th month of the study there was a significant positive dynamics: respiratory symptoms regressed, tolerance to physical activity improved, residual changes of lung tissue according to CTBPR decreased and in most cases completely disappeared. However, respiratory symptoms and residual changes in lung tissue remained in 9% of cases. Significant improvement of ventilatory lung function and exercise tolerance by the 9th month of follow-up was established in the systemic glucocorticoids group, with no adverse events detected.Conclusions. In the acute phase of moderate NKI, both spontaneous resolution of respiratory symptoms and residual lung tissue changes and their effective and safe resolution due to the use of systemic glucocorticoids can be assumed.
Artemisia jacutica Drob. essential oil as a source of chamazulene: primary introduction and component analysis
Authors: Dylenova Elena , Zhigzhitzhapova Svetlana , Goncharova Danaya , Tykheev Zhargal , Chimitov Daba , Radnaeva Larisa 
Published: April 2023

Artemisia jacutica Drob. is a valuable source of chamazulene, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We experimentally introduced this plant in the climatic conditions of Buryatia and compared the compositions of the essential oils produced from both cultivated and wild plants.
The reserves of A. jacutica and the laboratory/field germination of seeds were assessed by standard methods. Macro- and microscopic features were determined in line with general pharmacopoeia monographs. The composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The resulting data were processed by the principal component method. The antiradical activity was measured by the DPPH test.
The reserves of A. jacutica were determined in the Yeravninsky district of Buryatia. The laboratory germination of A. jacutica seeds was 75.00 ± 5.35%, while the field germination was only 11–23%. Planting with seedlings showed a good survival rate of 67–80%. In the first year of cultivation, A. jacutica plants had similar macro- and microscopic features to those of wild plants. The soils from the experimental plots were superior to the soils of A. jacutica’s natural habitat in terms of fertility. The essential oils from cultivated and wild plants contained 51 components. The content of chamazulene, the dominant component, was 59.22–66.60% in the cultivated plants and only 15.98–47.77% in the wild plants. The essential oil of A. jacutica exhibited high antiradical activity (IC50 = 49.47 μL/mL).
The primary introduction of A. jacutica showed good prospects for its cultivation in Buryatia. The macro- and microscopic features and dominant components found in the essential oil of A. jacutica grown on the experimental plots were similar to those found in the wild plants. Two chemotypes of A. jacutica, Yakutian and Buryatian, were identified according to the oil composition, with the chemotypes preserved in the cultivated plants. The oil’s high antiradical activity and a high content of chamazulene make A. jacutica a valuable material for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries.
Cruzain Inhibitors: State-of-Art of Novel Synthetic Strategies
Authors: Bezerra Morais Pedro Alves , Goulart  Trossini Gustavo Henrique 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Concerned about a million people are infected worldwide, and other millions are
living at risk zones of infection. Chagas disease causes 10 000 deaths annually, and the discovery
of safe and effective drugs on a nanomolar scale has been headlined as a crucial goal
by the worldwide research community and international health agencies. Nifurtimox and
Benznidazole are the only marketed drugs for Chagas disease therapy, with the mode of action
depending on the formation of free radicals. Thus, diverse studies have revealed cysteine proteases
from T. cruzi as well-established targets for drug discovery. Validation of cruzain as a
promising target has been based on several findings on the molecular biology of T. cruzi.
Hence, several inhibitor classes have been elucidated, consisting of peptidic and nonpeptidic,
and covalent and noncovalent. Thus, we present a perspective for the synthesis of novel cruzain
inhibitors from scaffolds both recently approached and well established with an IC50 range of micromolar to
nanomolar and supported by computational techniques.
QSAR Studies on a Series of Pyrazole Azabicyclo [3.2.1] Octane Sulfonamides
N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing Acid Amidase Inhibitors
Authors: Ren Shengnan , Sun Liyang , Si Hongzong , Yu Zhuang , Wang Huan 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Inflammation is a common and intractable disease for humans. Current antiinflammatory
drugs have a lot of side effects, which cause irreversible damage to the body.

Objective:
We predict the activity of the N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA)
inhibitor to find more effective compounds.

Methods:
We established a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model by gene expression
programming to predict the IC50 values of natural compounds. The NAAA inhibitor, as a
cysteine enzyme, plays an important role in the therapy of pain, anti-inflammatory effects and application
of other diseases. A total of 36 NAAA inhibitors were optimized by the heuristic method in
the CODESSA program to build a linear model. The 27 compounds and 9 compounds were in train
and test sets. On this basis, we selected three descriptors and used them to build nonlinear models in
gene expression programming.

Results:
The best model in the gene expression programming method was found, the square of correlation
coefficients of R2 and mean square error for the training set were 0.79 and 0.14, testing set was
0.78 and 0.20, respectively.

Conclusion:
From this method, the activity of molecules could be predicted, and the best method
was found. Therefore, this model has a stronger predictive ability to develop NAAA inhibitors.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in an Infant with
COVID-19: A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Vaccalluzzo Marco Simone , Collotta Ausilia Desiree , Ruggieri Martino , Agati Salvatore 
Published: April 2023

Background:
SARS-CoV-2 infection tends to be lethal to the elderly population. How-
ever, sometimes children are also involved.

Case Presentation:
We present the case of a female infant with a corrected gestational age of 39
weeks and 4 days with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and co-infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae
that was supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Results:
We reported the clinical case and reviewed the literature articles on ECMO and Covid-19
in infants and children up to two years of age

Conclusion:
It is crucial to be aware of certain risk factors (severe prematurity, coinfection), which,
when linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection, must immediately alert us to the possible criticality of the
clinical condition of patients, as highlighted by our own clinical case
Role of Pineapple and its Bioactive Compound Bromelain in COVID 19
Authors: Kumar Virender , Garg Vandana , Dureja Harish 
Published: April 2023

Background::
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., which is commonly known as pineapple, is a
well-studied plant for its medicinal properties. In terms of commercial importance, it ranks third
among tropical fruits. It has been used for its antidiabetic, antimalarial, anticancer, abortifacient,
antioxidant, and antidiarrhoeal activities. The review aimed to study the effects of pineapples and
their bioactive compounds on the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Methods::
Research methods comprise significant studies on the treatment of COVID-19 utilizing
pineapple and its bioactive compounds. To carry out the e-literature review, articles were downloaded
from online search engines, including Elsevier, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using pineapple,
bioactive compounds, bromelain, clinical trial, and COVID-19.

Results::
The literature showed that pineapple and its bioactive compounds showed antiviral effects
in COVID-19 patients by inhibiting the proinflammatory cytokines and affecting various signaling
molecules, including NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokines, and cyclooxygenase-2. They modulate
apoptotic protein levels and also cause a reduction of ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 expression.

Conclusion::
For the development of phytomedicine that adheres to all safety regulations, pineapple,
and its bioactive compounds can serve as lead molecules for clinical studies in SARS-CoV-2
infection treatment and therapy.
The Therapeutic Effect and Potential Pharmacological Mechanisms of
Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan on Depression were Investigated by Meta-analysis,
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Lin Li-Li , Wu Han-Biao , Qiu Zhi-Kun 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan (DZXW) produces potential antidepressant-like
effects. However, its antidepressant mechanisms are still unclear.

Objective:
To analyze the antidepressant effects and the pharmacological mechanisms of DZXW,
meta-analysis, network pharmacology, and molecular docking were selected in this study.

Methods:
The compounds of DZXW and genes associated with compounds or depression were
obtained from databases. The genes overlapping between DZXW compounds and depression were
compared by Venn diagram. A network of medicine-ingredients-targets-disease was constructed,
visualized, and analyzed. Protein-protein interaction, gene ontology, pathway enrichment, and
molecular docking were performed to evaluate the potential mechanisms of DZXW for the treatment
of depression.

Results:
Meta-analysis showed that the antidepressant-like effects were produced by DZXW. The
network pharmacology analysis showed that a total of 74 compound-related genes and 12607
PTSD-related genes were identified in the databases with 65 overlapping genes. The active ingredients
derived from DZXW (i.e Beta-sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Fumarine, Hederagenin) elicited the
antidepressant-like effects by targets, such as ACHE, HTR2A, and CHRM1. Moreover, the signaling
pathways, like neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, pathways in cancer, and cholinergic
synapse, might play important roles in the treatment of depression by DZXW.

Conclusion:
This study provides studies analysis and molecular evidence with the beneficial effects
of DZXW for the treatment of depression.