bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated Measurements of [O iii] 88 μm, [C ii] 158 μm, and Dust Continuum Emission from a z = 7.2 Galaxy
Authors: Ren Yi W. , Fudamoto Yoshinobu , Inoue Akio K. , Sugahara Yuma , Tokuoka Tsuyoshi , Tamura Yoichi , Matsuo Hiroshi , Kohno Kotaro , Umehata Hideki , Hashimoto Takuya , Bouwens Rychard J. , Smit Renske , Kashikawa Nobunari , Okamoto Takashi , Shibuya Takatoshi , Shimizu Ikkoh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present updated measurements of the [O iii] 88 μm, [C ii] 158 μm, and dust continuum emission from a star-forming galaxy at z = 7.212, SXDF-NB1006-2, by utilizing Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) archival data sets analysed in previous studies and data sets that have not been analysed before. The follow-up ALMA observations with higher angular resolution and sensitivity reveal a clumpy structure of the [O iii] emission on a scale of 0.32–0.85 kpc. We also combined all the ALMA [O iii] ([C ii]) data sets and updated the [O iii] ([C ii]) detection to 5.9σ (3.6σ–4.5σ). The non-detection of [C ii] with data from the REBELS large program implies the incompleteness of spectral-scan surveys using [C ii] to detect galaxies with high star formation rates (SFRs) but marginal [C ii] emission at high-z. The dust continuum at 90 and 160 μm remains undetected, indicating little dust content of <3.9 × 106
M
⊙ (3σ), and we obtained a more stringent constraint on the total infrared luminosity. We updated the [O iii]/[C ii] luminosity ratios to 10.2 ± 4.7 (6.1 ± 3.5) and 20 ± 12 (9.6 ± 6.1) for the 4.5σ and 3.6σ [C ii] detections, respectively, where the ratios in the parentheses are corrected for the surface brightness dimming effect on the extended [C ii] emission. We also found a strong [C ii] deficit (0.6–1.3 dex) between SXDF-NB1006-2 and the mean L
[C II]−SFR relation of galaxies at 0 < z < 9.
Compression of Dust Aggregates via Sequential Collisions with High Mass Ratios
Authors: Tanaka Hidekazu , Anayama Ryoichi , Tazaki Ryo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The structure of dust aggregates affects many aspects of planet formation, such as the dust collision outcome, opacity, and radiation field. The millimeter-wave scattering polarization in protoplanerary disks indicates that dust aggregates have relatively compact structures with a volume-filling factor ≳0.1. In this study, to explain such compact dust aggregates, we examined the compression of dust aggregates in sticking collisions with high mass ratios by performing a large number of N-body simulations of sequential dust collisions for a wide parameter range. Previous N-body simulations reported inefficient compression in equal-mass collisions between large dust aggregates. In contrast, we found that collisions with high mass ratios can compress the dust aggregate much more effectively. We also developed a new compression model that explains our results for sequential collisions with high mass ratios. Finally, we applied the new compression model to dust aggregates in protoplanetary disks and found a possible pathway to create relatively compact dust aggregates that explain the observed millimeter-wave scattering polarization.
Vpliv podnebnih sprememb na temperaturo vode v Sloveniji v 21. stoletju
Authors: Frantar Peter , Draksler Andrej 
Published: March 2023

Temperatura morja, površinskih in podzemnih voda v Sloveniji kaže v zadnjih desetletjih naraščajoč trend. Predvidevamo, da bodo podnebne spremembe tudi v prihodnje prav tako vplivale na temperaturo vode, zato smo ocenili njihov vpliv do konca 21. stoletja. Na izbranih vodomernih postajah smo ocenili povezanost med homogeniziranimi nizi temperature vode in temperature zraka na primerjalnih meteoroloških postajah ter pripravili regresijske modele (linearne ali nelinearne) za oceno temperature vode.
Izračunane modelske nize temperature zraka po treh podnebnih scenarijih smo vstavili v izdelane regresijske modele ter izračunali temperaturo vode do konca 21. stoletja. Analizo ocene temperature vode v Sloveniji do konca 21. stoletja smo izvedli za 57 vodomernih postaj na površinskih vodah, podzemnih vodah in na morju. Rezultati kažejo na nadaljevanje dviga povprečne letne temperature vode po vseh treh podnebnih scenarijih, predstavljena je letna in sezonska analiza sprememb temperature vode na izbranih postajah. //
Climate change impacts on water temperature in Slovenia in the 21st century
Water temperature of the sea, surface and ground water has an increasing trend over the last decades in Slovenia. It is presumed that future climate changes will have an impact on water temperatures, therefore the impact by the end of the century was assessed with the use of air-water temperature correlation methodology. The correlation was assessed between homogenised air and water temperature datasets on comparable meteorological and hydrological stations. Regression models were then set up to estimate the water temperature based on climate scenarios data until the end of 21st century.
The analysis of water temperature by the end of 21st century was assessed for 57 stations on surface water, groundwater and at the sea. The results indicate the continuation of water temperature rise under all three climate change scenarios. The results of analysis show annual and seasonal change of water temperature for selected stations and the synthesis based on geographical characteristics.
MicroRNA-155 Plays Selective Cell-Intrinsic Roles in Brain-Infiltrating Immune Cell Populations during Neuroinflammation
Authors: Thompson Jacob W , Hu Ruozhen , Huffaker Thomas B , Ramstead Andrew G , Ekiz H Atakan , Bauer Kaylyn M , Tang William W , Ghazaryan Arevik , Round June L , Fujinami Robert S , O’Connell Ryan M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The proinflammatory microRNA-155 (miR-155) is highly expressed in the serum and CNS lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Global knockout (KO) of miR-155 in mice confers resistance to a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by reducing the encephalogenic potential of CNS-infiltrating Th17 T cells. However, cell-intrinsic roles for miR-155 during EAE have not been formally determined. In this study, we use single-cell RNA sequencing and cell-specific conditional miR-155 KOs to determine the importance of miR-155 expression in distinct immune cell populations. Time-course single-cell sequencing revealed reductions in T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) in global miR-155 KO mice compared with wild-type controls at day 21 after EAE induction. Deletion of miR-155 in T cells, driven by CD4 Cre, significantly reduced disease severity similar to global miR-155 KOs. CD11c Cre-mediated deletion of miR-155 in DCs also resulted in a modest yet significant reduction in the development of EAE, with both T cell– and DC-specific KOs showing a reduction in Th17 T cell infiltration into the CNS. Although miR-155 is highly expressed in infiltrating macrophages during EAE, deletion of miR-155 using LysM Cre did not impact disease severity. Taken together, these data show that although miR-155 is highly expressed in most infiltrating immune cells, miR-155 has distinct roles and requirements depending on the cell type, and we have demonstrated this using the gold standard conditional KO approach. This provides insights into which functionally relevant cell types should be targeted by the next generation of miRNA therapeutics.
Chlamydia pneumoniae Lung Infection in Mice Induces Fatty Acid–Binding Protein 4–Dependent White Adipose Tissue Pathology
Authors: Kurihara Yusuke , Walenna Nirwana Fitriani , Ishii Kazunari , Soejima Toshinori , Chou Bin , Yoshimura Michinobu , Ozuru Ryo , Shimizu Akinori , Itoh Ryota , Furuhashi Masato , Hotamisligil Gökhan S , Hiromatsu Kenji 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Fatty acid–binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a critical immune-metabolic modulator, mainly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages, secreted from adipocytes in association with lipolysis, and plays essential pathogenic roles in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We previously reported Chlamydia pneumoniae infecting murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes and causing lipolysis and FABP4 secretion in vitro. However, it is still unknown whether C. pneumoniae intranasal lung infection targets white adipose tissues (WATs), induces lipolysis, and causes FABP4 secretion in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that C. pneumoniae lung infection causes robust lipolysis in WAT. Infection-induced WAT lipolysis was diminished in FABP4−/− mice or FABP4 inhibitor–pretreated wild-type mice. Infection by C. pneumoniae in wild-type but not FABP4−/− mice induces the accumulation of TNF-α– and IL-6–producing M1-like adipose tissue macrophages in WAT. Infection-induced WAT pathology is augmented by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is abrogated by treatment with azoramide, a modulator of the UPR. C. pneumoniae lung infection is suggested to target WAT and induce lipolysis and FABP4 secretion in vivo via ER stress/UPR. FABP4 released from infected adipocytes may be taken up by other neighboring intact adipocytes or adipose tissue macrophages. This process can further induce ER stress activation and trigger lipolysis and inflammation, followed by FABP4 secretion, leading to WAT pathology. A better understanding of the role of FABP4 in C. pneumoniae infection–induced WAT pathology will provide the basis for rational intervention measures directed at C. pneumoniae infection and metabolic syndrome, such as atherosclerosis, for which robust epidemiologic evidence exists.
Role of NK Cells in Skin Wound Healing of Mice
Authors: Cavalcante-Silva Jacqueline , Koh Timothy J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
NK cells are best known for their killing of virus-infected cells and tumor cells via release of cytotoxic factors. However, NK cells can also produce growth factors and cytokines, and thus have the potential to influence physiological processes such as wound healing. In this study, we test the hypothesis that NK cells play a physiological role in skin wound healing of C57BL/6J mice. Immunohistochemical and flow cytometry assays showed that NK cells accumulate in excisional skin wounds, peaking on day 5 postinjury. We also found that NK cells proliferate locally in wounds, and blocking IL-15 activity locally reduces NK cell proliferation and accumulation in wounds. Wound NK cells exhibit primarily a mature CD11b+CD27− and NKG2A+NKG2D− phenotype and express LY49I and proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, Tnf-a, and Il-1β. Systemic depletion of NK cells resulted in enhanced re-epithelization and collagen deposition, suggesting a negative role for these cells in skin wound healing. Depletion of NK cells did not influence accumulation of neutrophils or monocytes/macrophages in wounds but did reduce expression of IFN-γ, Tnf-a, and Il-1β, indicating that NK cells contribute to proinflammatory cytokine expression in wounds. In short, NK cells may impede physiological wound healing via production of proinflammatory cytokines.
The Adaptation Model of Immunity: Signal IV Matters Most in Determining the Functional Outcomes of Immune Responses
Authors: Manjili Masoud H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Current research in immunology and immunotherapy is fully influenced by the self–nonself model of immunity. This theoretical model suggests that alloreactivity results in graft rejection, whereas tolerance toward self-antigens expressed by malignant cells facilitates cancer development. Similarly, breakage of immunological tolerance toward self-antigens results in autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, immune suppression is recommended for the management of autoimmune diseases, allergy, and organ transplantation, whereas immune inducers are used for the treatment of cancers. Although the danger model, the discontinuity model, and the adaptation model are proposed for a better understanding of the immune system, the self–nonself model continues to dominate the field. Nevertheless, a cure for these human diseases remains elusive. This essay discusses current theoretical models of immunity, as well as their impacts and limitations, and expands on the adaptation model of immunity to galvanize a new direction for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and cancer.
IFN1 Enhances Thrombocyte Phagocytosis through IFN Receptor Complex-JAK/STAT-Complement C3.3-CR1 Pathway and Facilitates Antibacterial Immune Regulation in Teleost
Authors: Zhu Wentao , Zhang Yanqi , Liao Zhiwei , Huo Xingchen , Yang Chunrong , Zhang Yongan , Su Jianguo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Type I IFNs with strong positive charges exhibit robust bactericidal activity and a protective effect against bacterial infections. However, the antibacterial mechanism in vivo remains unknown. In this study, Ab blockade of IFN1, a member of type I IFNs in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), resulted in high mortality, tissue bacterial loads, and low expression of immune factors after bacterial challenge, which indicates that the antibacterial activity of IFN1 has physiological significance. Meanwhile, we injected grass carp with the recombinant and purified intact IFN1 protein after bacterial injection, and the result demonstrated a remarkable therapeutic effect. Furthermore, we found that IFN1 expression was remarkably induced in blood cells after bacterial challenge, and prophagocytosis via IFN1 mostly increased in thrombocytes. Then, we isolated peripheral blood thrombocytes by polyclonal Ab of CD41 and stimulated thrombocytes with recombinant IFN1, and the results indicated that immune factors and complement components (especially C3.3) were induced. Unexpectedly, complements demonstrated not only bacteriolysis but also bacterial aggregation. Furthermore, Ab blockades of the three subunits (CRFB1/CRFB2/CRFB5) of the IFN1 receptor or inhibition of STAT1 almost abolished the prophagocytosis via IFN1 and reduced C3.3 and immune factor expression in thrombocytes. Meanwhile, Ab blockade of the complement receptor CR1 greatly attenuated the prophagocytosis of IFN1. In contrast, mouse IFN-β did not show the promotion of antibacterial activity. These results clarify the prophagocytosis and immune regulation pathways of IFN1 in antibacterial immunity in teleosts. This study reveals the antibacterial mechanisms of type I IFNs in vivo and inspires functional studies of IFN in bacterial infections.
Identification of a Double-β-Defensin with Multiple Antimicrobial Activities in a Marine Invertebrate
Authors: Xiao Bang , Wang Yue , Xian Danrong , Fan Taolin , He Jianguo , Li Chaozheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
β-Defensins are a family of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides that are generally monodomain. Interestingly, the avian β-defensin 11 (AvBD11) is unique, with two β-defensin motifs with a broad range of antimicrobial activities. However, a double-sized β-defensin has not been identified and functionally characterized in invertebrates. In this study, we cloned and identified a double-β-defensin in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (named LvDBD) and explored its potential roles during infection with shrimp pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). LvDBD is an atypical double-sized defensin, which is predicted to possess two motifs related to β-defensin and six disulfide bridges. The RNA interference–mediated knockdown of LvDBD in vivo results in phenotypes with increased bacterial loads, rendering the shrimp more susceptible to V. parahaemolyticus infection, which could be rescued by the injection of recombinant LvDBD protein. In vitro, rLvDBD could destroy bacterial membranes and enhance hemocyte phagocytosis, possibly attributable to its affinity to the bacterial wall components LPS and peptidoglycan. In addition, LvDBD could interact with several viral envelope proteins to inhibit WSSV proliferation. Finally, the NF-κB transcription factors (Dorsal and Relish) participated in the regulation of LvDBD expression. Taken together, these results extend the functional understanding of a double-β-defensin to an invertebrate and suggest that LvDBD may be an alternative agent for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by V. parahaemolyticus and WSSV in shrimp.
Commensal Bacteria and the Lung Environment Are Responsible for Th2-Mediated Memory Yielding Natural IgE in MyD88-Deficient Mice
Authors: Amano Shunsuke , Haniuda Kei , Fukao Saori , Aoki Hiroyasu , Ueha Satoshi , Kitamura Daisuke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
IgE Abs are a common mediator of allergic responses and are generally produced in type 2 immune responses to allergens. Allergen stimulation of IgE-bound FcεRI on mast cells or basophils induces the production of chemical mediators and cytokines. In addition, IgE binding to FcεRI without allergen promotes the survival or proliferation of these and other cells. Thus, spontaneously produced natural IgE can increase an individual’s susceptibility to allergic diseases. Mice deficient in MyD88, a major TLR signaling molecule, have high serum levels of natural IgE, the mechanism for which remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the high serum IgE levels were maintained from weaning by memory B cells (MBCs). IgE from plasma cells and sera from most Myd88−/− mice, but none of the Myd88+/− mice, recognized Streptococcus azizii, a commensal bacterium overrepresented in the lungs of Myd88−/− mice. IgG1+ MBCs from the spleen also recognized S. azizii. The serum IgE levels declined with the administration of antibiotics and were boosted by challenge with S. azizii in Myd88−/− mice, indicating the contribution of S. azizii–specific IgG1+ MBCs to the natural IgE production. Th2 cells were selectively increased in the lungs of Myd88−/− mice and were activated upon addition of S. azizii in the lung cells ex vivo. Finally, lung nonhematopoietic cells, and CSF1 overproduced therefrom, were responsible for natural IgE production in Myd88−/− mice. Thus, some commensal bacteria may prime the Th2 response and natural IgE production in the MyD88-defective lung environment in general.
A simple and low-cost new procedure for synthesis of nickel(II) and cadmium(II) sulfides in situ thiourea metal–chelation precursor
Authors: S. Refat Moamen , Y. El-Sayed Mohamed , H. Alsohaimi Ibrahim , M. Hassan Hassan , S. Alraddadid Thamer , Akhtar Sultan 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT. Nickel(II) and cadmium(II) sulfides are a promising chemical material in various advanced research areas such as solar cells, supercapacitors, catalysts, and of significant interest for their practical implementations in up to photonics and electronics. Cadmium and nickel sulfides were synthesized with stoichiometries in aqueous media at elevated temperature from Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, NiCl2.6H2O, NiSO4.6H2O, CdCl2, Cd(NO3)2.4H2O, CdSO4.8H2O and thiourea as a sulfur precursor using a direct chemical reaction. At room temperature an octahedral and tetrahedral geometries result from the reactions between different nickel(II), cadmium(II) and thiourea with the molecular formulas can be presented as [Ni(NH2CSNH2)6]X2 and [Cd(NH2CSNH2)4]X2 where X = Cl-, NO3-, SO42. The novelty of our study is precipitated yellow cadmium sulfide and black nickel sulfide at elevated temperature ~80 oC through the molar ratio 1:10 (M2+: thiourea) in aqueous media. Infrared spectra, XRD, TEM including EDX, and elemental analysis were used for characterization the metal sulfides products. The average crystalline size of obtained CdS and NiS particles in range 20-25 nm. Different reaction conditions effects were evaluated on the size, morphology and particle size.

KEY WORDS: Nickel and cadmium sulfide, Chelation, Thiourea, XRD, TEM
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 663-674.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.10
p-Anisidine release study by hydrolysis of Schiff bases in homogeneous media
Authors: Amaria Moulay Awatif , Diaf Kheira , Elbahri Zineb , Mesli Abderrezzak , Chafi Nafa , Besbes Néji 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT. The objective of this work is to study the release of p-anisidine by the hydrolysis of synthesized Schiff bases N-vinylbenzylidene-p-anisidine (Im) as a monomer and its copolymers (Cp1, Cp2) with N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA). The hydrolysis behavior and kinetics are investigated in homogeneous media composed of ethanol/water (80% v/v) at 37 °C and at pH range of 4.0-10.0. The variation of the concentration over time is measured in thermostatically cells using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that the imine function hydrolysis obeyed to the first order for all compounds; the experimental kinetic constants are determined and the pH–rate diagram profile is established. It is noticed that the hydrolysis of imine function is extremely dependent on its carrier and the pH medium.

KEY WORDS: p-Anisidine, Copolymer, Schiff base, Hydrolysis, pH–rate diagram, Controlled release

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 745-755.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.16
New tetrapropylammonium tetrabromozincate complex [(C3H7)4N]2ZnBr4(II) - synthesis, spectral, thermal characterization and antioxidant activity
Authors: Kanagarajan Banupriya , Parveen Sheikdawood , Ramasamy Rathinam , Ramasamy Umarani 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT. The importance of the A2BX4 complex (A = bivalent ion, NH4+ and its alkyl radical derivatives; B = bivalent transition metal ion and X = halogen) has increased in recent years due to fascinating physical properties such as ferro elastic, ferroelectric, and corresponding – unequal phases at low temperatures. In modern technologies the use of transistors, ferromagnetic garnets, sensor systems, softener templates, and ultraviolet light, as well as IR solid-state lasers, efficient crystalline materials are expected. A slow evaporation approach at room temperature was used to grow the TPAPBr-Zn [(CH3CH2CH2)4N]2ZnBr4(II) challenging kind A2BX4. Elemental analysis, powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis, FT-IR, proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopic techniques are used to characterize the synthesized compound. The presence of chemical groups and methylene radical groups in the compound are confirmed by the FT-IR spectra. The presence of an N-propyl group in the molecule is indicated by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Thermogram of the compound reveals two-stage decomposition showing endo followed by exothermic decomposition resulting zinc oxide as an end product. As synthesised compound shown significant inhibitory activity towards free radical.

KEY WORDS: Synthesis, Elemental analysis, Spectroscopic studies, TG analysis, Antioxidant, Tetrapropylammonium tetrabromozincate(II)

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 623-631.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.7