bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Various Work-to-Rest Ratios During High-Intensity Intermittent Exercises on Uchi-Komi Performance and Postexercise Heart Rate and Blood Lactate in Judo Athletes
Authors: Ceylan Bayram , Balci Sukru Serdar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ceylan, B and Balci, SS. The effects of various work-to-rest ratios during high-intensity intermittent exercises on uchi-komi performance and postexercise heart rate and blood lactate in judo athletes. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1231–1236, 2023—Uchi-komi exercises are the most important component of judo training. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different rest intervals during high-intensity intermittent uchi-komi exercises on total technique repetitions and physiological load in judo athletes. Twenty-two male judo athletes (mean age 19.0 ± 1.2 years, judo experience 7.6 ± 22.7 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Athletes' body composition and judo-specific performance were determined. The athletes randomly performed 20 seconds × 8 sets of high-intensity intermittent exercise using ippon-seoi-nage technique with 1:1/2, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 work-to-rest ratios on separate days. Before and 1, 7, 15, and 30 minutes after each exercise, athletes' heart rate (HR) and blood lactate were determined. The number of repetitions differed according to rest durations, when the rest duration decreased, the number of the repetitions decreased (F
21, 441 = 7.09, p < 0.001). Blood lactate responses were similar during the exercises with different rest intervals (F
3,63 = 2.15, p = 0.10). The shorter the rest duration, the higher the HR (F
3,63 = 6.81, p < 0.001). The current study proposed that 1:2 and 1:3 work-to-rest ratios at high-intensity intermittent uchi-komi exercise are the most appropriate intervals to ensure a high number of technique repetitions and the continuity of the training.
Evaluating the Variability Between 20-m Multistage Fitness Test Estimating Equations in Law Enforcement Recruits
Authors: Campbell Patrick , Maupin Danny , Lockie Robert G. , Dawes J. Jay , Simas Vinicius , Canetti Elisa , Schram Ben , Orr Robin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Campbell, P, Maupin, D, Lockie, RG, Dawes, JJ, Simas, V, Canetti, E, Schram, B, and Orr, R. Evaluating the variability between 20-m multistage fitness test estimating equations in law enforcement recruits. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 742–748, 2024—The 20-m multistage fitness test (20MSFT) is commonly used by law enforcement agencies to measure aerobic fitness and to estimate maximal aerobic consumption (V̇o
2max). These measures are an important occupational variable with aerobic fitness levels linked to employment status, occupational performance, and long-term health in law enforcement officers. There are a multitude of predictive equations used to provide an estimate of V̇o
2max, with the extent of variability in the estimated V̇o
2max currently unknown in this population. This has consequences for comparisons between, and across, differing agencies, and in capabilities of deriving normative data. The aim of this investigation was to compare the variability in estimated V̇o
2max scores derived from different 20MSFT predictive equations. The 20-m multistage fitness test data from 1,094 law enforcement recruits (male n = 741, 25.2 ± 6.3 years; female: n = 353, 25.6 ± 5.6 years) from a single agency were retrospectively analyzed. The 20MSFT scores were transformed into estimated V̇o
2max scores using 6 different predictive equations. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results demonstrated significantly different V̇o
2max scores between each predictive equation (p < 0.001; d = 0.25–1.53) and between male and female recruits (p < 0.001, r = 0.55). All estimated V̇o
2max equations showed small to very strong correlations with each other (p < 0.001; r = 0.32–0.99). The findings indicate considerable dispersion of V̇o
2max scores when using differing equations, suggesting raw 20MSFT variables (e.g., shuttles or distance completed) should be preferred to measure and apply results from aerobic fitness tests if standardized approaches are not developed within law enforcement.
Hip Strength Profiling of Ice Hockey Athletes Across Various Joint-Specific Angles: Monitoring and Injury Implications
Authors: Secomb Josh L. , Kelly Matt , Dascombe Ben J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Secomb, JL, Kelly, M, and Dascombe, BJ. Hip strength profiling of ice hockey athletes across various joint-specific angles: monitoring and injury implications. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): e422–e429, 2023—The purpose of this research was to compare the hip adduction and abduction relative strength, adduction-to-abduction strength ratio (ADD:ABD), and interlimb asymmetries of ice hockey athletes between the typically used bilateral position and 3 unilateral positions in joint-specific angles (0°, 25°, and 50° of hip abduction) relevant to an ice hockey stride. A secondary purpose was to explore any relationships between these measures and hip and groin noncontact injuries, and self-reported pain and disability. Twenty-five semiprofessional male ice hockey athletes (26.7 ± 6.7 years) were assessed for hip abduction range of motion (ROM), hip adduction and abduction relative strength, and completed the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) questionnaire. Within-subjects repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant effect for the assessment position for adduction (F
1,24 = 52.4, p < 0.01) and abduction relative strength (F
1,24 = 152.1, p < 0.01), ADD:ABD (F
1,24 = 38.9, p < 0.01), and the interlimb asymmetries for each of these variables (F
1,24 = 9.8–12.3; p < 0.01), with large strength differences observed between the bilateral assessment and all unilateral assessment positions for adduction and abduction relative strength. In addition, 4 athletes experienced a noncontact hip or groin injury within 1 month after testing, and when compared with the rest of the cohort (n = 21) with Welch's t-tests, demonstrated significantly reduced hip abduction ROM (mean difference [MD] = −8.4 ± 2.5°; p < 0.01), sport subscale score for the HAGOS questionnaire (MD = −33.9 ± 7.1; p < 0.01), and a decline in hip adduction relative strength in the unilateral position of 50° compared with the position of 25° hip abduction (MD = −13.4 ± 3.8; p = 0.04). These results suggest that practitioners working with ice hockey athletes may benefit from profiling hip strength in these unilateral joint-specific angle positions because they provide an evidence base to determine the hip strength needs of ice hockey athletes in positions associated with skating performance and noncontact hip and groin injury mechanisms (between 25° and 50° of hip abduction).
Replicating Maximum Periods of Play in Australian Football Matches Through Position-Specific Drills
Authors: Wing Christopher , Hart Nicolas H. , Ma'ayah Fadi , Nosaka Kazunori 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Wing, C, Hart, NH, Ma’ayah, F, and Nosaka, K. Replicating maximum periods of play in Australian football matches through position-specific drills. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1628–1633, 2023—This study evaluated whether a position-specific drill replicates the running intensities of maximum ball in play (BiP) phases in competitive matches of Australian football (AF). Match data were collected on 32 AF players across 3 seasons (2019, 2020, 2021), with training session data collected from the same players across the 2021 season. Three position-specific training drills were created for defense, offense, and combination (defense and offense combined). Running intensities were compared between maximum BiP periods (e.g., periods with the highest metric per minute) from competitive matches and position-specific training drills, as well as between the 3 position-specific training drills using linear mixed models. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Measures of distance (offense: 44.4 m·minute−1, defense: 83.5 m·minute−1, combination: 50.4 m·minute−1), high-speed running (offense: 76.7 m·minute−1, defense: 134.6 m·minute−1, combination: 89.6 m·minute−1), very high–speed running (offense: 26.7 m·minute−1, defense: 56.2 m·minute−1, combination: 55.0 m·minute−1), and high-intensity efforts (offense: 2.3 efforts·minute−1, defense: 3.0 efforts·minute−1, combination: 2.8 efforts·minute−1), relative to time were greater (p < 0.001) in all 3 position-specific training drills compared with BiP phases. All measured metrics were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in the defense drill compared with the offense drill, whereas distance, high-speed running, PlayerLoad, and accelerations were significantly (p < 0.001) greater when compared with the combination drill. These demonstrate that position-specific training drills that we created replicated or exceeded the running intensities recorded during matches based on maximum BiP periods. Position-specific training drills seem to be an attractive addition to AF players training regimens because it concurrently provides training for physical and technical actions (e.g., handballs).
Monitoring Performance in Golf: More Than Just Clubhead Speed
Authors: Brennan Alex , Ehlert Alex , Wells Jack , Broadie Mark , Coughlan Daniel , Turner Anthony , Bishop Chris 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTIn the golfing literature, clubhead speed is the most commonly reported metric to assess golf performance. However, a rise in the availability and use of launch monitor technologies in recent years has gathered a wide range of metrics for any given golf shot. In addition, with distance and dispersion (accuracy) being the outcome measures of any given shot and of utmost importance in golf, launch monitors can provide an in-depth understanding of how a golf shot has been achieved. To date, very limited information offers practitioners working in golf an understanding of how these metrics interlink and relate to the outcomes of any given shot. Thus, we have created a deterministic model for the golf shot and provided an overview of the relationship between these launch monitor metrics and the outcome measures of distance and accuracy. This information will give practitioners a more detailed understanding of how golf shots have been achieved and help provide more methodical means of monitoring golf performance and providing feedback to players.
The Neural Basis for Biased Behavioral Responses Evoked by Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation in Primates
Authors: Forbes Patrick A. , Kwan Annie , Mitchell Diana E. , Blouin Jean-Sébastien , Cullen Kathleen E. 
Published: February 2023

Noninvasive electrical stimulation of the vestibular system in humans has become an increasingly popular tool with a broad range of research and clinical applications. However, common assumptions regarding the neural mechanisms that underlie the activation of central vestibular pathways through such stimulation, known as galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), have not been directly tested. Here, we show that GVS is encoded by VIIIth nerve vestibular afferents with nonlinear dynamics that differ markedly from those predicted by current models. GVS produced asymmetric activation of both semicircular canal and otolith afferents to the onset versus offset and cathode versus anode of applied current, that in turn produced asymmetric eye movement responses in three awake-behaving male monkeys. Additionally, using computational methods, we demonstrate that the experimentally observed nonlinear neural response dynamics lead to an unexpected directional bias in the net population response when the information from both vestibular nerves is centrally integrated. Together our findings reveal the neural basis by which GVS activates the vestibular system, establish that neural response dynamics differ markedly from current predictions, and advance our mechanistic understanding of how asymmetric activation of the peripheral vestibular system alters vestibular function. We suggest that such nonlinear encoding is a general feature of neural processing that will be common across different noninvasive electrical stimulation approaches.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we show that the application of noninvasive electrical currents to the vestibular system (GVS) induces more complex responses than commonly assumed. We recorded vestibular afferent activity in macaque monkeys exposed to GVS using a setup analogous to human studies. GVS evoked notable asymmetries in irregular afferent responses to cathodal versus anodal currents. We developed a nonlinear model explaining these GVS-evoked afferent responses. Our model predicts that GVS induces directional biases in centrally integrated head motion signals and establishes electrical stimuli that recreate physiologically plausible sensations of motion. Altogether, our findings provide new insights into how GVS activates the vestibular system, which will be vital to advancing new clinical and biomedical applications.
Temporal Irreversibility of Large-Scale Brain Dynamics in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Cruzat Josephine , Herzog Ruben , Prado Pavel , Sanz-Perl Yonatan , Gonzalez-Gomez Raul , Moguilner Sebastian , Kringelbach Morten L. , Deco Gustavo , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Ibañez Agustín 
Published: February 2023

Healthy brain dynamics can be understood as the emergence of a complex system far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Brain dynamics are temporally irreversible and thus establish a preferred direction in time (i.e., arrow of time). However, little is known about how the time-reversal symmetry of spontaneous brain activity is affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that the level of irreversibility would be compromised in AD, signaling a fundamental shift in the collective properties of brain activity toward equilibrium dynamics. We investigated the irreversibility from resting-state fMRI and EEG data in male and female human patients with AD and elderly healthy control subjects (HCs). We quantified the level of irreversibility and, thus, proximity to nonequilibrium dynamics by comparing forward and backward time series through time-shifted correlations. AD was associated with a breakdown of temporal irreversibility at the global, local, and network levels, and at multiple oscillatory frequency bands. At the local level, temporoparietal and frontal regions were affected by AD. The limbic, frontoparietal, default mode, and salience networks were the most compromised at the network level. The temporal reversibility was associated with cognitive decline in AD and gray matter volume in HCs. The irreversibility of brain dynamics provided higher accuracy and more distinctive information than classical neurocognitive measures when differentiating AD from control subjects. Findings were validated using an out-of-sample cohort. Present results offer new evidence regarding pathophysiological links between the entropy generation rate of brain dynamics and the clinical presentation of AD, opening new avenues for dementia characterization at different levels.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBy assessing the irreversibility of large-scale dynamics across multiple brain signals, we provide a precise signature capable of distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at the global, local, and network levels and different oscillatory regimes. Irreversibility of limbic, frontoparietal, default-mode, and salience networks was the most compromised by AD compared with more sensory–motor networks. Moreover, the time-irreversibility properties associated with cognitive decline and atrophy outperformed and complemented classical neurocognitive markers of AD in predictive classification performance. Findings were generalized and replicated with an out-of-sample validation procedure. We provide novel multilevel evidence of reduced irreversibility in AD brain dynamics that has the potential to open new avenues for understating neurodegeneration in terms of the temporal asymmetry of brain dynamics.
Carbogen-Induced Respiratory Acidosis Blocks Experimental Seizures by a Direct and Specific Inhibition of NaV1.2 Channels in the Axon Initial Segment of Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Hatch Robert J. , Berecki Géza , Jancovski Nikola , Li Melody , Rollo Ben , Jafar-Nejad Paymaan , Rigo Frank , Kaila Kai , Reid Christopher A. , Petrou Steven 
Published: February 2023

Brain pH is a critical factor for determining neuronal activity, with alkalosis increasing and acidosis reducing excitability. Acid shifts in brain pH through the breathing of carbogen (5% CO2/95% O2) reduces seizure susceptibility in animal models and patients. The molecular mechanisms underlying this seizure protection remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that male and female mice exposed to carbogen are fully protected from thermogenic-triggered seizures. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that acid shifts in extracellular pH (pHo) significantly reduce action potential firing in CA1 pyramidal neurons but did not alter firing in hippocampal inhibitory interneurons. In real-time dynamic clamp experiments, acidification reduced simulated action potential firing generated in hybrid model neurons expressing the excitatory neuron predominant NaV1.2 channel. Conversely, acidification had no effect on action potential firing in hybrid model neurons expressing the interneuron predominant NaV1.1 channel. Furthermore, knockdown ofScn2amRNAin vivousing antisense oligonucleotides reduced the protective effects of carbogen on seizure susceptibility. Both carbogen-mediated seizure protection and the reduction in CA1 pyramidal neuron action potential firing by low pHo were maintained in anAsic1aknock-out mouse ruling out this acid-sensing channel as the underlying molecular target. These data indicate that the acid-mediated reduction in excitatory neuron firing is mediated, at least in part, through the inhibition of NaV1.2 channels, whereas inhibitory neuron firing is unaffected. This reduction in pyramidal neuron excitability is the likely basis of seizure suppression caused by carbogen-mediated acidification.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain pH has long been known to modulate neuronal excitability. Here, we confirm that brain acidification reduces seizure susceptibility in a mouse model of thermogenic seizures. Extracellular acidification reduced excitatory pyramidal neuron firing while having no effect on interneuron firing. Acidification also reduced dynamic clamp firing in cells expressing the NaV1.2 channel but not in cells expressing NaV1.1 channels.In vivoknockdown of Scn2a mRNA reduced seizure protection of acidification. In contrast, acid-mediated seizure protection was maintained in the Asic1a knock-out mouse. These data suggest NaV1.2 channel as an important target for acid-mediated seizure protection. Our results have implications on how natural variations in pH can modulate neuronal excitability and highlight potential antiseizure drug development strategies based on the NaV1.2 channel.
DNA‐PKcs and ATM modulate mitochondrial ADP‐ATP exchange as an oxidative stress checkpoint mechanism
Authors: Chen Wei‐Min , Chiang Jui‐Chung , Shang Zengfu , Palchik Guillermo , Newman Ciara , Zhang Yuanyuan , Davis Anthony J , Lee Hsinyu , Chen Benjamin PC 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDNA‐PKcs is a key regulator of DNA double‐strand break repair. Apart from its canonical role in the DNA damage response, DNA‐PKcs is involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress (OS), but its exact role remains unclear. Here, we report that DNA‐PKcs‐deficient human cells display depolarized mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and reoriented metabolism, supporting a role for DNA‐PKcs in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). DNA‐PKcs directly interacts with mitochondria proteins ANT2 and VDAC2, and formation of the DNA‐PKcs/ANT2/VDAC2 (DAV) complex supports optimal exchange of ADP and ATP across mitochondrial membranes to energize the cell via OXPHOS and to maintain MMP. Moreover, we demonstrate that the DAV complex temporarily dissociates in response to oxidative stress to attenuate ADP‐ATP exchange, a rate‐limiting step for OXPHOS. Finally, we found that dissociation of the DAV complex is mediated by phosphorylation of DNA‐PKcs at its Thr2609 cluster by ATM kinase. Based on these findings, we propose that the coordination between the DAV complex and ATM serves as a novel oxidative stress checkpoint to decrease ROS production from mitochondrial OXPHOS and to hasten cellular recovery from OS.
Evolution of genome fragility enables microbial division of labor
Authors: Colizzi Enrico Sandro , van Dijk Bram , Merks Roeland M H , Rozen Daniel E , Vroomans Renske M A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDivision of labor can evolve when social groups benefit from the functional specialization of its members. Recently, a novel means of coordinating the division of labor was found in the antibiotic‐producing bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor, where specialized cells are generated through large‐scale genomic re‐organization. We investigate how the evolution of a genome architecture enables such mutation‐driven division of labor, using a multiscale computational model of bacterial evolution. In this model, bacterial behavior—antibiotic production or replication—is determined by the structure and composition of their genome, which encodes antibiotics, growth‐promoting genes, and fragile genomic loci that can induce chromosomal deletions. We find that a genomic organization evolves, which partitions growth‐promoting genes and antibiotic‐coding genes into distinct parts of the genome, separated by fragile genomic loci. Mutations caused by these fragile sites mostly delete growth‐promoting genes, generating sterile, and antibiotic‐producing mutants from weakly‐producing progenitors, in agreement with experimental observations. This division of labor enhances the competition between colonies by promoting antibiotic diversity. These results show that genomic organization can co‐evolve with genomic instabilities to enable reproductive division of labor.