bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of incident Burkitt lymphoma during the HIV epidemic among the Black African and White population in South Africa
Authors: Metekoua Carole , Ruffieux Yann , Mwansa-Kambafwile Judith , Kellett Patricia , Egger Matthias , Muchengeti Mazvita , Rohner Eliane , Wiggill Tracey 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) may be HIV-associated but data on BL trends in South Africa (SA), where HIV is highly prevalent, are scarce. We compared BL incidence trends over 36 years among Black African and White individuals.

Methods
We included histologically diagnosed BL from the National Cancer Registry in SA between 1986–2021. We computed yearly age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) by race, and annual percentage changes in ASIR using Joinpoint regression.

Results
Between 1986–2021, 2205 Black African (ASIR: 1.68/1,000,000; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63–1.73) and 366 White individuals (ASIR: 2.34/1,000,000; 95% CI 2.15–2.53) had incident BL. Median age at diagnosis increased over time, while the male proportion among those diagnosed declined. The ASIR among Black Africans increased from 1986–2012 and declined thereafter with BL incidence peaks shifting from children and elderly to middle-aged adults. Among White individuals, BL rates rose among all age groups over time.

Conclusions
The BL epidemiology among Black Africans, with decreasing rates since 2012, may reflect SA’s evolving HIV epidemic. In contrast, BL rates among White individuals in SA and many high-income countries continue to increase over time. Further studies are needed to better understand the differences in BL epidemiology across geographic regions and population groups.
Cryo-EM structure and evolutionary history of the conjugation surface exclusion protein TraT
Authors: Seddon Chloe , David Sophia , Wong Joshua L. C. , Ishimoto Naito , He Shan , Bradshaw Jonathan , Low Wen Wen , Frankel Gad , Beis Konstantinos 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Conjugation plays a major role in dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. Following transfer of IncF-like plasmids, recipients become refractory to a second wave of conjugation with the same plasmid via entry (TraS) and surface (TraT) exclusion mechanisms. Here, we show that TraT from the pKpQIL and F plasmids (TraTpKpQIL and TraTF) exhibits plasmid surface exclusion specificity. The cryo-EM structures of TraTpKpQIL and TraTF reveal that they oligomerise into decameric champagne bottle cork-like structures, which are anchored to the outer membrane via a diacylglycerol and palmitic acid modified α-helical barrel domain. Unexpectedly, we identify chromosomal TraT homologues from multiple Gram-negative phyla which form numerous divergent lineages in a phylogenetic tree of TraT sequences. Plasmid-associated TraT sequences are found in multiple distinct lineages, including two separate clades incorporating TraT from Enterobacteriaceae IncF/F-like and Legionellaceae F-like plasmids. These findings suggest that different plasmid backbones have acquired and co-opted TraT on independent occasions.
Interplay of p23 with FKBP51 and their chaperone complex in regulating tau aggregation
Authors: Chakraborty Pijush , Zweckstetter Markus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The pathological deposition of tau and amyloid-beta into insoluble amyloid fibrils are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Molecular chaperones are important cellular factors contributing to the regulation of tau misfolding and aggregation. Here we reveal an Hsp90-independent mechanism by which the co-chaperone p23 as well as a molecular complex formed by two co-chaperones, p23 and FKBP51, modulates tau aggregation. Integrating NMR spectroscopy, SAXS, molecular docking, and site-directed mutagenesis we reveal the structural basis of the p23-FKBP51 complex. We show that p23 specifically recognizes the TPR domain of FKBP51 and interacts with tau through its C-terminal disordered tail. We further show that the p23-FKBP51 complex binds tau to form a dynamic p23-FKBP51-tau trimeric complex that delays tau aggregation and thus may counteract Hsp90-FKBP51 mediated toxicity. Taken together, our findings reveal a co-chaperone mediated Hsp90-independent chaperoning of tau protein.
Influenza A virus in dairy cattle: infection biology and potential mammary gland-targeted vaccines
Authors: Martins Rodrigo Prado , Marc Daniel , Germon Pierre , Trapp Sascha , Caballero-Posadas Ignacio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Influenza, a major “One Health” threat, has gained heightened attention following recent reports of highly pathogenic avian influenza in dairy cattle and cow-to-human transmission in the USA. This review explores general aspects of influenza A virus (IAV) biology, its interactions with mammalian hosts, and discusses the key considerations for developing vaccines to prevent or curtail IAV infection in the bovine mammary gland and its spread through milk.
Multi-environment field trials for wheat yield, stability and breeding progress in Germany
Authors: Wang Tien-Cheng , Rose Till , Zetzsche Holger , Ballvora Agim , Friedt Wolfgang , Kage Henning , Léon Jens , Lichthardt Carolin , Ordon Frank , Snowdon Rod J , Stahl Andreas , Stützel Hartmut , Wittkop Benjamin , Chen Tsu-Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multi-environmental trials (MET) with temporal and spatial variance are crucial for understanding genotype-environment-management (GxExM) interactions in crops. Here, we present a MET dataset for winter wheat in Germany. The dataset encompasses MET spanning six years (2015–2020), six locations and nine crop management scenarios (consisting of combinations for three treatments, unbalanced in each location and year) comparing 228 cultivars released between 1963 and 2016, amounting to a total of 526,751 data points covering 24 traits. Beside grain yield, ten agronomic traits, four baking quality traits, plant height, heading date, maturity date and six fungal disease infection indices are included. Additionally, we provide management records, including fertilizer use, plant protection measures, irrigation, and weather data. We demonstrate how this dataset can address four agronomic questions related to GxExM interactions. Further potential applications of the dataset include empirical analyses, genomic and enviromic analyses for breeding targets, or development of decision-supporting models for agricultural management and policy decisions.
Comparative analysis of PI and fuzzy logic controller for grid connected wind turbine under normal and fault conditions
Authors: Bahgat Mohamed , Ezzat Mohamed , Attia Mahmoud A. , Mekhamer S. F. , Elbehairy Nourhan M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research is dedicated to improving the control system of wind turbines (WT) to ensure optimal efficiency and rapid responsiveness. To achieve this, the fuzzy logic control (FLC) method is implemented to control the converter in the rotor side (RSC) of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and its performance is compared with an optimized proportional integral (PI) controller. The study demonstrated an enhancement in the performance of the DFIG through the utilization of the proposed FLC, effectively overcoming limitations and deficiencies observed in the conventional controllers, this approach significantly improved the performance of the wind turbine. Additionally, the selected membership functions were found to be highly compatible with the unique characteristics of wind energy. The optimization process is implemented for the controllers of both the grid side converter (GSC) and RSC. Through simulated analyses conducted using MATLAB/Simulink software, comprehensive assessments are carried out. The robustness of the FLC is evaluated compared to the optimized controllers across various wind profiles and challenging fault conditions. The results demonstrate satisfactory performance of the FLC in terms of steady-state time, stability, and precision under diverse wind speed profiles. The FLC achieves a significantly better settling time than the enhanced PI, improving by approximately 14–70% under normal conditions and 40–70% under various fault conditions. Additionally, the FLC outperforms the enhanced PI in fault conditions by reducing peak-to-peak oscillations by about 30–65%. It also delivers a smaller steady-state error, with improvements of around 2–4% under both normal conditions and most fault scenarios.
Workflow-driven catalytic modulation from single-atom catalysts to Au–alloy clusters on graphene
Authors: Da Silva Gabriel Reynald , Cerqueira Felix João Paulo , Rêgo Celso R. C. , Dias Alexandre C. , de O. Bastos Carlos Maciel , Piotrowski Maurício J. , Guedes-Sobrinho Diego 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Gold-based (Au) nanostructures are efficient catalysts for CO oxidation, hydrogen evolution (HER), and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions, but stabilizing them on graphene (Gr) is challenging due to weak affinity from delocalized
$$p_{z}$$
carbon orbitals. This study investigates forming metal alloys to enhance stability and catalytic performance of Au-based nanocatalysts. Using ab initio density functional theory, we characterize
$${\text {M}_{(n-x)}\text {Au}_{x}}$$
sub-nanoclusters (M = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ag) with atomicities
$$n=1-4$$
, both in gas-phase and supported on Gr. We find that M atoms act as “anchors,” enhancing binding to Gr and modulating catalytic efficiency. Notably,
$${\text {Pt}_{(n-x)}\text {Au}_{x}}$$
/Gr shows improved stability, with segregation tendencies mitigated upon adsorption on Gr. The d-band center (
$$\varepsilon _{\text {d}}$$
) model indicates catalytic potential, correlating an optimal
$$\varepsilon _{\text {d}}$$
range of
$$-1 \text { to }-2$$
eV for HER and OER catalysts. Incorporating Au into
$${\text{M}_n}$$
adjusts
$$\varepsilon _{\text {d}}$$
closer to the Fermi level, especially for Group-10 alloys, offering designs with improved stability and efficiency comparable to pure Au nanocatalysts. Our methodology leveraged SimStack, a workflow framework enabling modeling and analysis, enhancing reproducibility, and accelerating discovery. This work demonstrates SimStack’s pivotal role in advancing the understanding of composition-dependent stability and catalytic properties of Au-alloy clusters, providing a systematic approach to optimize metal-support interactions in catalytic applications.
Reverse design of broadband sound absorption structure based on deep learning method
Authors: Zhou Yihong , Ma Lifeng , Kang Xi , Zhu Zhiyuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research presents a method based on deep learning for the reverse design of sound-absorbing structures. Traditional methods require time-consuming individual numerical simulations followed by cumbersome calculations, whereas the deep learning design method significantly simplifies the design process, achieving efficient and rapid design objectives. By utilizing deep neural networks, a mapping relationship between structural parameters and the sound absorption coefficient curve is established. The forward network predicts the sound absorption coefficient curve, while the reverse network enables the on-demand design of structural parameters for broadband high sound absorption. During the design process, a mean squared error (MSE) below 0.0001 is achieved. The accuracy of the proposed design method is validated through examples. The results demonstrate that the trained deep learning neural network could effectively replace the complex physical mechanisms between structural parameters and sound absorption coefficient curves. This deep learning design method could also be extended to other types of metamaterial reverse designs, significantly enhancing the efficiency of complex metamaterial designs. Lightweight design is crucial for energy saving and emission reduction. With the total mass and average sound absorption coefficient of sound-absorbing materials as targets, the NSGA-II algorithm has been used for multi-objective optimization design. The optimized average sound absorption coefficient increased by 4.84%, and the total material mass was reduced by 18.98%.
Disentangling multifactorial impacts on cathode thermochemical properties with explainable machine learning
Authors: Sun Yujian , Xu Xilin , Gan Luyu , Jiao Sichen , Han Shuangshuang , Zhao Yajun , Li Yan , Yu Xiqian , Li Jizhou , Li Hong , Huang Xuejie 
Published: January 2025

Explainable machine learning techniques elucidate the interplay of multiple factors throughout the cathode thermal reaction process.
MOA-2022-BLG-033Lb, KMT-2023-BLG-0119Lb, and KMT-2023-BLG-1896Lb: Three low mass-ratio microlensing planets detected through dip signals
Authors: Han Cheongho , Bond Ian A. , Jung Youn Kil , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Lee Chung-Uk , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shvartzvald Yossi , Shin In-Gu , Yee Jennifer C. , Yang Hongjing , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Doeon , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Fujii Hirosame , Fukui Akihiko , Hamada Ryusei , Hirao Yuki , Silva Stela Ishitani , Itow Yoshitaka , Kirikawa Rintaro , Koshimoto Naoki , Matsubara Yutaka , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Olmschenk Greg , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Satoh Yuki , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tomoyoshi Mio , Tristram Paul J. , Vandorou Aikaterini , Yama Hibiki , Yamashita Kansuke 
Published: January 2025

Aims. We examined the anomalies in the light curves of the lensing events MOA-2022-BLG-033, KMT-2023-BLG-0119, and KMT- 2023-BLG-1896. These anomalies share similar traits: they occur near the peak of moderately to highly magnified events and display a distinct short-term dip feature.
Methods. We conducted detailed modeling of the light curves to uncover the nature of the anomalies. This modeling revealed that all signals originated from planetary companions to the primary lens. The planet-to-host mass ratios are very low: q ~ 7.5 × 10−5 for MOA-2022-BLG-033, q ~ 3.6 × 10−4 for KMT-2023-BLG-0119, and q ~ 6.9 × 10−5 for KMT-2023-BLG-1896. The anomalies occurred as the source passed through the negative deviation region behind the central caustic along the planet-host axis. The solutions are subject to a common inner-outer degeneracy, which results in varying estimations of the projected planet-host separation. For KMT-2023-BLG-1896, although the planetary scenario provides the best explanation for the anomaly, the binary companion scenario is possible.
Results. We estimated the physical parameters of the planetary systems through Bayesian analyses based on the lensing observables. While the event timescale was measured for all events, the angular Einstein radius was not measured for any. Additionally, the microlens parallax was measured for MOA-2022-BLG-033. The analysis identifies MOA-2022-BLG-033L as a planetary system with an ice giant with a mass of approximately 12 times that of Earth orbiting an early M dwarf star. The companion of KMT-2023-BLG-1896L is also an ice giant, with a mass of around 16 Earth masses, orbiting a mid-K-type main-sequence star. The companion of KMT-2023-BLG- 0119L, which has a mass around that of Saturn, orbits a mid-K-type dwarf star. The lens for MOA-2022-BLG-033 is highly likely to be located in the disk, whereas for the other events the probabilities of the lens being in the disk or the bulge are roughly equal.
Pedagogical study of the image of a magnetic dipole in front of a superconducting sphere
Authors: Shah Hemansh Alkesh , Bhattacharya Kolahal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The method of images to solve certain electrostatic boundary-value problems is taught worldwide in undergraduate-level physics courses. Though it is also possible to employ this technique for solving magnetostatic boundary value problems, examples of this usage are rarely found in textbooks or physics pedagogy literature. In particular, the problem of finding the field due to a magnetic dipole kept in front of a superconducting sphere is an interesting one, because (i) it helps the students to compare with the grounded conducting sphere image problem in electrostatics, and (ii) offers a greater degree of difficulty since the source is a dipole (vector), rather than an electric charge (scalar). The present work demonstrates an intuitive way of solving the problem. The case in which the source dipole is oriented radially with respect to the sphere is solved with a single dipole image. In the case of the transverse orientation of the source dipole, we model the dipole as a current loop. Then, we find the image of the radial and transverse current elements that satisfy the boundary conditions. Then, we show that this method can be used to deduce the form of the image dipoles when the dipole is oriented in the transverse direction. This method is very much intuitive and accessible for undergraduate-level students.
Simultaneous measurement of particle size distribution and mixing ratio based on Monte Carlo ultrasonic attenuation model
Authors: Zhang Shiwei , Su Geyi , Niu Gege , Chen Jingwen , Su Mingxu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mixed particle systems are commonly employed in industrial processes, where the characterization of particle size parameters and mixing ratio can frequently serve as key indicators in process control and production optimization. A Monte Carlo (MC) model was developed to numerically predict and study the ultrasonic attenuation spectrum characteristics in the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-glass aqueous suspension, and together with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, to handle the inverse problem in solving the particle size, distribution width, and mixing ratio. The results of the numerical simulations indicate that there exists a linear relationship between the attenuation coefficient and the mixing ratio, with the particle size exerting a significant influence. Furthermore, the multi-parameter simultaneous inversion also yielded calculation deviations of less than 1%, 3%, and 6% for the mixing ratio, characteristic diameter, and distribution width, respectively, in comparison to their given values. Afterward, a series of experiments were conducted to quantify the particle size and mixing ratio through the analysis of ultrasonic spectra. In spherical PMMA-glass aqueous suspensions, the measurement error for the mixing ratio and particle size parameters are found to be less than 7% and 10%, respectively, when compared to the image method and the given values. Nevertheless, the measurement errors are slightly increased in a non-spherical mixed particle system, where the volume median diameter and mixing ratio are still less than 10%. The MC modeling and PSO algorithm offer the potential to characterize particle size and mixing ratio for mixed particle systems in industrial applications.
The role of SOL plasma in the confinement of NBI fast ions in W7-X
Authors: Kiviniemi T P , Kurki-Suonio T , Lazerson S , Äkäslompolo S , Ollus P , Sanchis L , Kulla D ,   the W7-X Team
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The impact of the scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma on deposition, confinement and losses of neutral beam injected fast ions was investigated in W7-X plasma. The effect of SOL width, density, temperature profiles, radial electric field, and charge–exchange reactions (CX) was explored. Ionization and slowing down partly counterbalance each other, as slowing down in cold SOL plasma compensates for ionization effects in radially decaying model profiles. However, the effect of SOL plasma on more vulnerable steel components is mitigated over a wide range of different profiles, because for those components the collisionality effect overrules the effect of SOL on ionization. The effect of the radial electric field is mitigated for steel components in the experimentally observed direction of the field. The effect of CX reactions is shown to lead to a widely spread low power load distribution with no clear effect on peak load. Statistical challenges caused by hugely varying triangle sizes in the discretization of walls are discussed.
Modelling of ETG turbulent transport in the TCV pedestal
Authors: Krutkin O , Chapman-Oplopoiou B , Frassinetti L , Brunner S , Coda S , Labit B ,   the TCV team,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Results of the first gyrokinetic simulations of the TCV pedestal are presented. Two discharges at varying levels of gas puffing are considered as input parameters for the local GENE simulations. Linear and nonlinear simulations are carried out for electron scale turbulence to determine the role of the electron temperature gradient (ETG) mode in the pedestal transport. The heat flux associated with ETG is found to be negligible compared to the total experimental electron heat flux at lower gas puff. At higher gas puff, computed heat flux was find to account for experimental values, demonstrating the importance of the ETG-driven transport in this case. Additional simulations are carried out with modified density profiles to investigate the difference between the two discharges. The change of the electron heat flux is found to be associated with the transition from slab- to toroidal-ETG due to the reduction of the normalized density gradient in the pedestal at the higher gas puffing.
Two-step inertial ADMM for the solution of nonconvex nonsmooth optimization problems with nonseparable structure
Authors: Dang Yazheng , Kun Xu , Lu Jinglei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an algorithmic framework called two-step inertial alternating direction methods of multipliers (TIADMM) to solve a class of nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization problems with nonseparable structure. The new algorithm adds two-step inertial effect to each subproblem and introduces three relaxed terms into the dual update step to improve the convergence. This work employs two assumptions; (1) the auxiliary function satisfies the Kurdyka-Łojasiewicz property, and (2) the parameters satisfy some conditions to prove the global convergence of the sequence generated by the algorithm. Furthermore, the algorithm is extended to a linearization vision for solving nonconvex optimization problems. Finally, tests are conducted on two numerical examples to show the effectiveness.
Dynamical study of the reaction of N+ ions with O2 neutrals
Authors: Swaraj Dasarath , Judy Jerin , Zappa Fabio , Viggiano Albert A , Gerlich Dieter , Wester Roland 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ion-molecule reaction N+ + O2 has been investigated experimentally using crossed beam velocity map imaging in the collision energy range from 0.15 eV to 3.0 eV. From the differential scattering cross sections, information on the branching ratios, the electronic states and vibrational levels populated in the two product channels, O

2

+

+ N and NO+ + O, have been obtained. These data are compared with previous results obtained using a rotatable ion source setup developed many years ago at the University of Freiburg, Germany. Furthermore, a small fraction of NO+ products populate excited electronic states as observed in chemiluminescence measurements.
New results about controllability and stability of ψ-Caputo-type stochastic fractional integro-differential systems with control delay
Authors: Panneer Selvam A , Sivalingam S M , Govindaraj V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the controllability and stability criteria for the fractional integro-differential stochastical systems with control delay employing the Ψ-Caputo-type fractional derivative (Ψ-CTFD) of order σ ∈ (0, 1). The necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability of linear stochastical systems are obtained by utilizing the positive definiteness of the Grammian matrix. The sufficient conditions for the controllability criteria of semilinear and integro-differential stochastical systems are derived by employing Banach’s contraction principle. The sufficient conditions for the stability of integro-differential stochastical systems are derived from the Hyer’s-Ulam stability criteria. Additionally, a few examples and appropriate graphical representations are included in the work to help understand the theoretical conclusions.