bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preschool- and childcare center-based interventions to increase fruit and vegetable intake in preschool children in the United States: a systematic review of effectiveness and behavior change techniques
Authors: Hasan Faten , Nguyen Andy V. , Reynolds Amaya R. , You Wen , Zoellner Jamie , Nguyen Amanda J. , Swift Damon , Kranz Sibylle 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in children in the United States (US) is very low. Adequate FV consumption is required for proper development during childhood, and dietary habits are established during preschool-age and tend to persist into adulthood. As most U.S. preschool-aged children attend childcare or preschool, this may be an opportune time and setting to conduct interventions to improve FV intake. These interventions should be based in theory and use behavior change techniques (BCTs) to explain mechanisms for expected change. To date, no published reviews have examined the effectiveness of childcare- or preschool-based FV interventions in preschoolers and their use of theoretical frameworks and BCTs.

Methods
This systematic review was completed adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2012 and 2022 of interventions to improve diet or FV intake in preschoolers (aged 2–5 years) in childcare or preschool-settings. A search of four databases was conducted between in September 2022 using search terms pertaining to the study’s primary aim (FV consumption), age group (preschool-aged), settings (US childcare or preschool settings), and study design (RCT). Additional criteria were objective measures of FV consumption or skin carotenoids, as a proxy for FV intake. Included studies were narratively synthesized based on intervention type, measured effect, and use of theory and BCTs.

Results
The search resulted in six studies that reported on nine interventions. Overall, six interventions increased FV intake, of which five used nutrition education and one manipulated the feeding environment. Among the three interventions with no measured effect, two manipulated the feeding environment and one used peer modeling. Effective studies used at least three BCTs, though no pattern was observed between use of theory or BCTs and intervention effect.

Conclusions
While several studies have shown promising results, the limited number of studies identified in this review highlights key gaps in this field: there is a need for studies to test FV interventions in US childcare settings that use objective measures of FV intake, directly compare intervention components and BCTs, are theory-based, and assess long-term behavior change.
The relevance of ototoxicity induced by radiotherapy
Authors: Huang Yan , Zhou Hong , An Fenglan , Zhao Aimei , Wu Jian , Wang Meihua , Luo Judong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The risk of ototoxicity, characterized by hearing impairment, tinnitus, or middle ear inflammation, is elevated in both child and adult cancer survivors who have undergone head-neck or brain radiation, or a combination of the two. To provide optimal care for these cancer survivors and minimize subsequent complications, it is crucial to comprehend the relationship between radiotherapy and ototoxicity.

Methods
A comprehensive search of databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, was conducted from the inception of the knowledge base up until January 2023. The metafor-package was employed to compare ototoxicity rates in individuals receiving radiotherapy. Two independent assessors extracted data and analyzed targets using a random-effects model.

Results
Out of the 28 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in the analysis, 25 were prospective RCTs. Subgroup analysis revealed that mean cochlear radiation dose, primary tumor location, radiotherapy modality, and patient age significantly influenced total hearing impairment. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy was associated with less ototoxicity than 2D conventional radiotherapy (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.47–0.60; P = 0.73; I2 = 0%). Stereotactic radiotherapy appeared to be a superior option for hearing preservation compared to radiosurgery (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.00–2.07; P = 0.69; I2 = 0%). Children demonstrated a higher risk of hearing impairment than adults. More than 50% of patients with vestibular neuroadenoma experienced hearing impairment following radiation therapy. A strong association was observed between the average cochlear radiation dose and hearing impairment. Increased cochlear radiation doses may result in a heightened risk of hearing impairment.

Conclusion
Several risk factors for radiation-induced hearing impairment were identified in this study. High cochlear radiation doses were found to exacerbate the risk of hearing impairment resulting from radiation therapy.
Main and contralateral side stages of lesion affected bone union in the conservative treatment of adolescent lumbar spondylolysis: a multivariable analysis of 217 patients and 298 lesions in a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gamada Hisanori , Tatsumura Masaki , Asai Reo , Okuwaki Shun , Funayama Toru , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Factors affecting bone union in the conservative treatment of adolescent lumbar spondylolysis remain controversial. We aimed to examine these factors along with advances in diagnostic imaging using multivariable analysis of a sufficient number of patients and lesions.

Methods
In this retrospective study, high-school-aged patients or younger (n = 514) who were diagnosed with lumbar spondylolysis from 2014 to 2021 were investigated. We included patients with acute fractures who showed signal changes around the pedicle on magnetic resonance imaging and who completed conservative treatment. The following factors were investigated at the initial visit: age, sex, level of lesion, main side stage, presence and stage of contralateral side lesion, and presence of spina bifida occulta. The association of each factor with bone union was evaluated through a multivariable analysis.

Results
Altogether, 298 lesions in 217 patients (174 boys and 43 girls; mean age: 14.3 years) were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of all factors showed that the main side progressive stage was more likely associated with nonunion as compared to the pre-lysis (OR: 5.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.00–18.8; p = 0.0011) and early stages (OR: 3.77; 95% CI: 1.72–8.46; p = 0.0009). Regarding the contralateral side stage, the terminal stage was more likely to be associated with nonunion.

Conclusion
In the conservative treatment of lumbar spondylolysis, the factors affecting bone union were the main and contralateral side stages. Sex, age, level of lesion, or spina bifida occulta had no significant effects on bone union. The main, progressive, and contralateral side terminal stages were negative predictors of bone union.
Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered.
Posterior intra-articular fixation stabilizes both primary and secondary sacroiliac joints: a cadaveric study and comparison to lateral trans-articular fixation literature
Authors: Sayed Dawood , Amirdelfan Kasra , Hunter Corey , Raji Oluwatodimu Richard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Posterior and lateral techniques have been described as approaches to sacroiliac joint arthrodesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the stabilizing effects of a novel posterior stabilization implant and technique to a previously published lateral approach in a cadaveric multidirectional bending model. We hypothesized that both approaches would have an equivalent stabilizing effect in flexion–extension and that the posterior approach would exhibit better performance in lateral bending and axial rotation. We further hypothesized that unilateral and bilateral posterior fixation would stabilize both the primary and secondary joints.

Methods
Ranges of motion (RoMs) of six cadaveric sacroiliac joints were evaluated by an optical tracking system, in a multidirectional flexibility pure moment model, between ± 7.5 N-m applied moment in flexion–extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation under intact, unilateral fixation, and bilateral fixation conditions.

Results
Intact RoMs were equivalent between both samples. For the posterior intra-articular technique, unilateral fixation reduced the RoMs of both primary and secondary joints in all loading planes (flexion–extension RoM by 45%, lateral bending RoM by 47%, and axial RoM by 33%), and bilateral fixation maintained this stabilizing effect in both joints (flexion–extension at 48%, lateral bending at 53%, and axial rotation at 42%). For the lateral trans-articular technique, only bilateral fixation reduced mean RoM of both primary and secondary sacroiliac joints, and only under flexion–extension loads (60%).

Conclusion
During flexion–extension, the posterior approach is equivalent to the lateral approach, while producing superior stabilization during lateral bend and axial rotation.
Effect of bone cement augmentation with different configurations of the dual locking plate for femoral allograft fixation: finite element analysis and biomechanical study
Authors: Wisanuyotin Taweechok , Paholpak Permsak , Sirichativapee Winai , Sirichativapee Wilasinee , Kosuwon Weerachai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aims
Implant failure in allograft reconstruction is one of the most common problems after treating a large bone defect for a primary bone tumor. The study aimed to investigate the effect of bone cement augmentation with different configurations of dual locking plates used for femoral allograft fixation.

Methods
Four finite element (FE) models of the femur with a 1-mm bone gap were developed at the midshaft with different configurations of the 10-hole fixation dual locking plate (LP) with and without intramedullary bone cement augmentation. Model 1 was the dual LP at the lateral and medial aspect of the femur. Model 2 was Model 1 with bone cement augmentation. Model 3 was the dual LP at the anterior and lateral aspect of the femur. Finally, Model 4 was Model 3 with bone cement augmentation. All models were tested for stiffness under axial compression as well as torsional, lateral–medial, and anterior–posterior bending. In addition, the FE analyses were validated using biomechanical testing on a cadaveric femur.

Results
Model 2 had the greatest axial compression stiffness, followed by Models 1, 4, and 3. Bone cement augmentation in Models 2 and 4 had 3.5% and 2.4% greater axial stiffness than the non-augmentation Models 1 and 3, respectively. In the bone cement augmentation models, Model 2 had 11.9% greater axial compression stiffness than Model 4.

Conclusion
The effect of bone cement augmentation increases construct stiffness less than the effect of the dual LP configuration. A dual lateral–medial LP with bone cement augmentation provides the strongest fixation of the femur in terms of axial compression and lateral bending stiffness.
Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic anatomical resection of the right anterior pulmonary segment in a 10-year-old child with congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Authors: Ahn Seha , Moon Youngkyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCongenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a very rare phenomenon subject to malignant transformation that requires surgical resection. In an asymptomatic 10-year-old girl, we identified a single cystic and consolidated lesion on computed tomography. This incidental finding was confined to anterior segment of lung in right upper lobe (RUL). Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) served to successfully achieve anterior segmentectomy, without chest tube placement. The surgical specimen confirmed features of CPAM, also showing acute and chronic inflammation with abscess formation. Once the surgical mainstay for such lesions, open lobectomy is now under challenge by thoracoscopic technique, port-reduction methods, and a lung-preserving strategy. Herein, we have shown uniportal VATS anatomical resection of right anterior pulmonary segment to be a viable option for a 10-year-old child with CPAM confined to a single lung segment.
Clinical application of next generation sequencing-based haplotype linkage analysis in the preimplantation genetic testing for germline mosaicisms
Authors: Chen Dongjia , Xu Yan , Fu Yu , Wang Yali , Liu Yuliang , Ding Chenhui , Cai Bing , Pan Jiafu , Wang Jing , Li Rong , Guo Jing , Zhang Han , Zeng Yanhong , Shen Xiaoting , Zhou Canquan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) for germline mosaicism was previously highly dependent on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based directed mutation detection combined with linkage analysis of short tandem repeats (STRs). However, the number of STRs is usually limited. In addition, designing suitable probes and optimizing the reaction conditions for multiplex PCR are time-consuming and laborious. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of next generation sequencing (NGS)-based haplotype linkage analysis in PGT of germline mosaicism.

Methods
PGT-M with NGS-based haplotype linkage analysis was performed for two families with maternal germline mosaicism for an X-linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) mutation (del exon 45–50) or an autosomal TSC1 mutation (c.2074C > T). Trophectoderm biopsy and multiple displacement amplification (MDA) were performed for a total of nine blastocysts. NGS and Sanger sequencing were performed in genomic DNA of family members and embryonic MDA products to detect DMD deletion and TSC1 mutation, respectively. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites closely linked to pathogenic mutations were detected with NGS and served in haplotype linkage analysis. NGS-based aneuploidy screening was performed for all embryos to reduce the risk of pregnancy loss.

Results
All nine blastocytes showed conclusive PGT results. Each family underwent one or two frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles to obtain a clinical pregnancy, and the prenatal diagnosis showed that the fetus was genotypically normal and euploid for both families.

Conclusions
NGS-SNP could effectively realize PGT for germline mosaicism. Compared with PCR-based methods, the NGS-SNP method with increased polymorphic informative markers can achieve a greater diagnostic accuracy. Further studies are warranted to verify the effectiveness of NGS-based PGT of germline mosaicism cases in the absence of surviving offsprings.
Kremen2 drives the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by preventing SOCS3-mediated degradation of EGFR
Authors: Sun Yuxiao , Gao Yu , Dong Mingxin , Li Jiuzhen , Li Xin , He Ningning , Song Huijuan , Zhang Manman , Ji Kaihua , Wang Jinhan , Gu Yeqing , Wang Yan , Du Liqing , Liu Yang , Wang Qin , Zhai Hezheng , Sun Daqiang , Liu Qiang , Xu Chang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The transmembrane receptor Kremen2 has been reported to participate in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer. However, the role of Kremen2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the biological function and regulatory mechanism of Kremen2 in NSCLC.

Methods
The correlation between Kremen2 expression and NSCLC was assessed by analyzing the public database and clinical tissue samples. Colony formation and EdU assays were performed to examine cell proliferation. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to observe cell migration ability. Tumor-bearing nude mice and metastatic tumor models were used to detect the in vivo tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of the NSCLC cells. An immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression of proliferation-related proteins in tissues. Western blot, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were conducted to elucidate the Kremen2 regulatory mechanisms in NSCLC.

Results
Kremen2 was highly expressed in tumor tissues from NSCLC patients and was positively correlated with a poor patient prognosis. Knockout or knockdown of Kremen2 inhibited cell proliferation and migration ability of NSCLC cells. In vivo knockdown of Kremen2 inhibited the tumorigenicity and number of metastatic nodules of NSCLC cells in nude mice. Mechanistically, Kremen2 interacted with suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) to maintain the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein levels by preventing SOCS3-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of EGFR, which, in turn, promoted activation of the PI3K-AKT and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathways.

Conclusions
Our study identified Kremen2 as a candidate oncogene in NSCLC and may provide a potential target for NSCLC treatment.
Very early onset of coronary artery aneurysm in a 3-month infant with Kawasaki disease: a case report and literature review
Authors: Jiao Wenyan , Wei Li , Jiao Fuyong , Pjetraj Dorina , Feng Jianying , Wang Jvyan , Catassi Carlo , Gatti Simona 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a medium vessel vasculitis, of unknown etiology, typically presenting in children younger than 5 years of age. Prolonged fever (at least five days) is a major clinical criterion of KD, while cardiac involvement may occur in up to 25% of patients, generally in the second week of the disease.

Case presentation
We describe the case of KD developing in a 3-month infant, with an early occurrence of coronary artery aneurysm after only 3 days of fever, complicated by thrombosis, requiring aggressive treatments.

Conclusions
Time of development of cardiac complications can be different in young infants with KD and both diagnostic criteria and treatment indications should be individualized in this class of age.
Epigenetic age acceleration mediates the association between smoking and diabetes-related outcomes
Authors: Chang Xue-Yong , Lin Wan-Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSmoking can lead to the deterioration of lung function and susceptibility to diabetes. Recently, smoking was found to induce DNA methylation (DNAm) changes in some cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs). As linear combinations of DNAm levels of aging-related CpGs, five measures of epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) have received extensive attention: HannumEAA, IEAA, PhenoEAA, GrimEAA, and DunedinPACE. It is of interest to explore whether some measures of EAA can mediate the associations of smoking with diabetes-related outcomes and indices of ventilatory lung function.Methods and resultsIn this study, we included self-reported smoking variables (smoking status, the number of pack-years, and years since smoking cessation), seven DNAm markers (HannumEAA, IEAA, PhenoEAA, GrimEAA, DNAm-based smoking pack-years, DNAm plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [PAI-1] levels, and DunedinPACE), and four health outcomes (fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1C, forced expiratory volume in 1.0 s [FEV1], and forced vital capacity [FVC]) from 2474 Taiwan Biobank participants. Mediation analyses were conducted while adjusting for chronological age, sex, body mass index, drinking status, regular exercise status, educational attainment, and five cell-type proportions. We demonstrated that GrimEAA, DNAm-based smoking pack-years, DNAm PAI-1 levels, DunedinPACE, and PhenoEAA mediated smoking associations with diabetes-related outcomes. Moreover, current and former smoking both had an adverse indirect effect on FVC through DNAm PAI-1 levels. For former smokers, a long time since smoking cessation had a positive indirect impact on FVC through GrimEAA and on FEV1 through PhenoEAA.ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies to comprehensively investigate the role of five measures of EAA in mediating the associations of smoking with the health outcomes of an Asian population. The results showed that the second-generation epigenetic clocks (GrimEAA, DunedinPACE, and PhenoEAA) significantly mediated the associations between smoking and diabetes-related outcomes. In contrast, the first-generation epigenetic clocks (HannumEAA and IEAA) did not significantly mediate any associations of smoking variables with the four health outcomes. Cigarette smoking can, directly and indirectly, deteriorate human health through DNAm changes in aging-related CpG sites.
The impact of different care dependencies on people’s willingness to provide informal care: a discrete choice experiment in Germany
Authors: de Jong Lea , Schmidt Torben , Carstens Ann-Katrin , Damm Kathrin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Informal care provided by family members, friends, or neighbors is a major pillar in the German long-term care system. As the number of care-dependent older adults grow, ensuring their future care still relies on the willingness of family members, friends, or neighbors to assume the role of an informal caregiver. This study aimed to investigate the impact on people’s willingness to provide informal care to a close relative with predominately cognitive compared to physical impairments.

Methods
An online survey was distributed to the general population in Germany, which resulted in 260 participants. A discrete choice experiment was created to elicit and quantify people’s preferences. A conditional logit model was used to investigate preferences and marginal willingness-to-accept values were estimated for one hour of informal caregiving.

Results
Increased care time per day (hours) and expected duration of caregiving were negatively valued by the participants and reduced willingness to care. Descriptions of the two care dependencies had a significant impact on participants’ decisions. Having to provide care to a close relative with cognitive impairments was slightly preferred over caring for a relative with physical impairments.

Conclusions
Our study results show the impact of different factors on the willingness to provide informal care to a close relative. How far the preference weights as well as the high willingness-to-accept values for an hour of caregiving can be explained by the sociodemographic structure of our cohort needs to be investigated by further research. Participants slightly preferred caring for a close relative with cognitive impairments, which might be explained by fear or discomfort with providing personal care to a relative with physical impairments or feelings of sympathy and pity towards people with dementia. Future qualitative research designs can help understand these motivations.