bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, resilience, and faith: Experiences of Black Christian students in biology graduate programs
Authors: Google Angela N. , Bowen Chloe D. , Brownell Sara E. , Barnes M. Elizabeth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo increase participation of students of color in science graduate programs, research has focused on illuminating student experiences to inform ways to improve them. In biology, Black students are vastly underrepresented, and while religion has been shown to be a particularly important form of cultural wealth for Black students, Christianity is stigmatized in biology. Very few studies have explored the intersection of race/ethnicity and Christianity for Black students in biology where there is high documented tension between religion and science. Since graduate school is important for socialization and Black students are likely to experience stigmatization of their racial and religious identity, it is important to understand their experiences and how we might be able to improve them. Thus, we interviewed 13 Black Christian students enrolled in biology graduate programs and explored their experiences using the theoretical lens of stigmatized identities. Through thematic content analysis, we revealed that students negotiated experiences of cultural isolation, devaluation of intelligence, and acts of bias like other racially minoritized students in science. However, by examining these experiences at the intersection of race/ethnicity and religion, we shed light on interactions students have had with faculty and peers within the biology community that cultivated perceptions of mistrust, conflict, and stigma. Our study also revealed ways in which students' religious/spiritual capital has positively supported their navigation through biology graduate school. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of why Black Christian graduate students are more likely to leave or not pursue advanced degrees in biology with implications for research and practice that help facilitate their success.
Datasets for Artificial Intelligence in Education: The Case of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Bueno Marcos L. P. , Thill Serge 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence has shown promise for supporting children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in educational settings. For such vulnerable population, aspects such as emotion, communication, and motivation are very relevant, but also challenging to be modeled. In this work, we focus on the machine learning technology used in such scenarios, in particular the characteristics of datasets used for model training. We do this by analyzing recent papers on children with NDDs. This will give insight into existing trade-offs, such as data annotation involved in data collection, as well as automation aspects. We also analyze opportunities offered by the functionalities of ML models trained on such datasets. In addition, we point out limitations and future challenges to help advance the area.
WC–Co/316L stainless steel bonding enhancement by laser surface texturing and pressure-assisted sintering
Authors: Basílio Liudmila , Guimarães Bruno , Carvalho Óscar , Fernandes Cristina , Figueiredo Daniel , Silva Filipe , Miranda Georgina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWC–Co cutting tools are widely used in harsh conditions, but the brittleness of this material can limit their use. Joining steels to WC–Co can provide an alternative, by combining the toughness of steel with the high hardness and wear resistance of WC–Co. The creation of textures at the bonding interface is known to increase the adhesion between materials, through a mechanical interlocking effect and an increase in the contact area. In this sense, this work proposes the laser surface texturing of WC–Co green compacts with cross-hatched and circular micropatterns and subsequent pressure-assisted sintering of the textured and sintered WC–Co with 316L SS powder to improve the bonding between materials. Results showed that the bonding of the textured multi-material was successfully processed and an interdiffusion zone was formed at the bonding interface without the presence of detrimental compounds. The addition of textures showed a tendency to increase the shear bond strength, with the cross-hatched micropatterns generally showing a higher bonding strength than the circular micropatterns. This approach showed to have the potential to improve the bonding between materials, thus contributing to the development of novel multi-material WC–Co/316L stainless steel cutting tools with enhanced properties and performance.
Cysteine conjugates of acetaminophen and p-aminophenol are potent inducers of cellular impairment in human proximal tubular kidney HK-2 cells
Authors: Rousar Tomas , Handl Jiri , Capek Jan , Nyvltova Pavlina , Rousarova Erika , Kubat Miroslav , Smid Lenka , Vanova Jana , Malinak David , Musilek Kamil , Cesla Petr 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) belong among the most used analgesics and antipyretics. It is structurally derived from p-aminophenol (PAP), a potent inducer of kidney toxicity. Both compounds can be metabolized to oxidation products and conjugated with glutathione. The glutathione-conjugates can be cleaved to provide cysteine conjugates considered as generally nontoxic. The aim of the present report was to synthesize and to purify both APAP- and PAP-cysteine conjugates and, as the first study at all, to evaluate their biological effects in human kidney HK-2 cells in comparison to parent compounds. HK-2 cells were treated with tested compounds (0–1000 µM) for up to 24 h. Cell viability, glutathione levels, ROS production and mitochondrial function were determined. After 24 h, we found that both APAP- and PAP-cysteine conjugates (1 mM) were capable to induce harmful cellular damage observed as a decrease of glutathione levels to 10% and 0%, respectively, compared to control cells. In addition, we detected the disappearance of mitochondrial membrane potential in these cells. In the case of PAP-cysteine, the extent of cellular impairment was comparable to that induced by PAP at similar doses. On the other hand, 1 mM APAP-cysteine induced even larger damage of HK-2 cells compared to 1 mM APAP after 6 or 24 h. We conclude that cysteine conjugates with aminophenol are potent inducers of oxidative stress causing significant injury in kidney cells. Thus, the harmful effects cysteine-aminophenolic conjugates ought to be considered in the description of APAP or PAP toxicity.
Evaluation of the effect of previous endometriosis surgery on clinical and surgical outcomes of subsequent endometriosis surgery
Authors: Tummers Fokkedien H. M. P. , Peltenburg Sophie I. , Metzemaekers Jeroen , Jansen Frank Willem , Blikkendaal Mathijs D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Patients often undergo repeat surgery for endometriosis, due to recurrent or residual disease. Previous surgery is often considered a risk factor for worse surgical outcome. However, data are scarce concerning the influence of subsequent endometriosis surgery.

Methods
A retrospective study in a centre of expertise for endometriosis was conducted. All endometriosis subtypes and intra-operative steps were included. Detailed information regarding surgical history of patients was collected. Surgical time, intra-operative steps and major post-operative complications were obtained as outcome measures.

Results
595 patients were included, of which 45.9% had previous endometriosis surgery. 7.9% had major post-operative complications and 4.4% intra-operative complications. The patient journey showed a median of 3 years between previous endometriosis surgeries. Each previous therapeutic laparotomic surgery resulted on average in 13 additional minutes (p = 0.013) of surgical time. Additionally, it resulted in more frequent performance of adhesiolysis (OR 2.96, p < 0.001) and in a higher risk for intra-operative complications (OR 1.81, p = 0.045), however no higher risk for major post-operative complications (OR 1.29, p = 0.418). Previous therapeutic laparoscopic endometriosis surgery, laparotomic and laparoscopic non-endometriosis surgery showed no association with surgical outcomes. Regardless of previous surgery, disc and segmental bowel resection showed a higher risk for major post-operative complications (OR 3.64, p = 0.017 respectively OR 3.50, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Previous therapeutic laparotomic endometriosis surgery shows an association with longer surgical time, the need to perform adhesiolysis, and more intra-operative complications in the subsequent surgery for endometriosis. However, in a centre of expertise with experienced surgeons, no increased risk of major post-operative complications was observed.
Construction of the survival nomograms for colon cancer patients of different ages based on the SEER database
Authors: Yang Yuzhou , Xu Peng , Zhang Cheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Three nomograms for predicting the outcomes of early- and late-onset colon cancer (COCA) among patients not stratified by age were constructed using data in the Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (1975–2019). The accuracy of the nomogram was then assessed.

Method
Clinical data of 6107 patients with COCA were obtained from the SEER database. The patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts in a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate COX analyses of factors that could independently impact the prognosis of COCA were performed, and the corresponding nomograms for early-onset and late-onset COCA were constructed. Calibration curves, ROC curves, and C-index were used to determine the predictive accuracy. The discriminatory ability of the nomograms to assess their clinical utility, which was compared with the TNM staging system of the 8th edition of AJCC, was verified using survival analysis.

Result
Tumor primary site, ethnicity, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level significantly impacted the prognosis of colon cancer. Race, brain metastasis, and CEA were independent factors for predicting COCA prognosis. C-index, ROC, and calibration curves demonstrated that the three nomograms were accurate and superior to the traditional TNM staging system. Among the three nomograms, the early-onset COCA nomogram had the highest predictive accuracy, followed by that of colon cancer not stratified by age.

Conclusion
Three nomograms for patients not stratified by age, early-onset colon cancer, and late-onset colon cancer were constructed. The accuracies of the nomograms were good and were all superior to the conventional TNM staging system. The early- and late-onset COCA nomograms are useful for clinical management and individualized treatment of COCA patients at different ages.
Indications, complications, and clinical outcomes of fixation and acute total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of acetabular fractures: A systematic review
Authors: Giustra Fortunato , Cacciola Giorgio , Pirato Francesco , Bosco Francesco , De Martino Ivan , Sabatini Luigi , Rovere Giuseppe , Camarda Lawrence , Massè Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Acetabular fracture fixation can be challenging, especially in the elderly. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) alone may not allow for early weight bearing and is associated with a high rate of secondary osteoarthritis; therefore, a combined hip procedure (CHP) or ORIF with acute total hip arthroplasty, may be beneficial in this population. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of all reported cases of CHP.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies analyzing acetabular fractures in the elderly managed with a combined hip procedure (CHP). The research was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The included studies' methodological quality was evaluated using the MINORS score. The present study was registered on PROSPERO.

Results
Eleven clinical studies were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 74.4 (63.2–78) years. Low-energy trauma was the most common mechanism of injury (64%). The most prevalent fracture pattern was the anterior column and posterior hemitransverse (ACPHT) (30.6%). The Kocher-Langenbeck approach was preferred for ORIF of posterior fractures and hip arthroplasty. The ilioinguinal approach and modified Stoppa were generally used for anterior fractures. The overall complication rate was 12.2%, and hip dislocation was the most frequent cause of reoperation (4.4%). The average Harris Hip Score reported postoperatively was 81.6 points, which was considered “good.”

Conclusions
CHP is a safe treatment for elderly acetabular fractures with an acceptable complication and reoperation rate that results in good clinical outcomes.

Level of evidence
Level of evidence IV.
Analysis, characterization, prediction, and attribution of extreme atmospheric events with machine learning and deep learning techniques: a review
Authors: Salcedo-Sanz Sancho , Pérez-Aracil Jorge , Ascenso Guido , Del Ser Javier , Casillas-Pérez David , Kadow Christopher , Fister Dušan , Barriopedro David , García-Herrera Ricardo , Giuliani Matteo , Castelletti Andrea 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAtmospheric extreme events cause severe damage to human societies and ecosystems. The frequency and intensity of extremes and other associated events are continuously increasing due to climate change and global warming. The accurate prediction, characterization, and attribution of atmospheric extreme events is, therefore, a key research field in which many groups are currently working by applying different methodologies and computational tools. Machine learning and deep learning methods have arisen in the last years as powerful techniques to tackle many of the problems related to atmospheric extreme events. This paper reviews machine learning and deep learning approaches applied to the analysis, characterization, prediction, and attribution of the most important atmospheric extremes. A summary of the most used machine learning and deep learning techniques in this area, and a comprehensive critical review of literature related to ML in EEs, are provided. The critical literature review has been extended to extreme events related to rainfall and floods, heatwaves and extreme temperatures, droughts, severe weather events and fog, and low-visibility episodes. A case study focused on the analysis of extreme atmospheric temperature prediction with ML and DL techniques is also presented in the paper. Conclusions, perspectives, and outlooks on the field are finally drawn.
Implicitisation and Parameterisation in Polynomial Functors
Authors: Blatter Andreas , Draisma Jan , Ventura Emanuele 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn earlier work, the second author showed that a closed subset of a polynomial functor can always be defined by finitely many polynomial equations. In follow-up work on $${\text {GL}}_\infty $$

GL
∞

-varieties, Bik–Draisma–Eggermont–Snowden showed, among other things, that in characteristic zero every such closed subset is the image of a morphism whose domain is the product of a finite-dimensional affine variety and a polynomial functor. In this paper, we show that both results can be made algorithmic: there exists an algorithm $$\textbf{implicitise}$$
implicitise
that takes as input a morphism into a polynomial functor and outputs finitely many equations defining the closure of the image; and an algorithm $$\textbf{parameterise}$$
parameterise
that takes as input a finite set of equations defining a closed subset of a polynomial functor and outputs a morphism whose image is that closed subset.
Lipid metabolic vulnerabilities of multiple myeloma
Authors: Torcasio Roberta , Gallo Cantafio Maria Eugenia , Ikeda Raissa Kaori , Ganino Ludovica , Viglietto Giuseppe , Amodio Nicola 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy worldwide, characterized by abnormal proliferation of malignant plasma cells within a tumor-permissive bone marrow microenvironment. Metabolic dysfunctions are emerging as key determinants in the pathobiology of MM. In this review, we highlight the metabolic features of MM, showing how alterations in various lipid pathways, mainly involving fatty acids, cholesterol and sphingolipids, affect the growth, survival and drug responsiveness of MM cells, as well as their cross-talk with other cellular components of the tumor microenvironment. These findings will provide a new path to understanding the mechanisms underlying how lipid vulnerabilities may arise and affect the phenotype of malignant plasma cells, highlighting novel druggable pathways with a significant impact on the management of MM.
The effects of Paulownia leaf extract dietary administration on growth, redox status, immune responses, and modulate intestinal microbial content in Nile tilapia
Authors: El-Refiae Nagham M. , Ayyat Mohamed S. , Mahmoud Hemat K. , Naiel Mohammed A. E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe primary goal of this trial was to examine how Paulownia leaf extract (PLE) dietary supplementation affected performance, feed utilization and efficiency, redox status, immunological responses, intestinal microbial content, and disease resistance of Oreochromis niloticus. Nile tilapia fry (0.52 ± 0.19 g) were fed four formulated diets enriched with graded amounts of PLE at 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g kg−1 diet, respectively, for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, fish were intraperitoneal injected with Aeromonas hydrophila then the survival percentage was recorded daily and calculated mortality rate in all treated groups for 14 days. The performance findings showed that enriched tilapia diets with modest levels of PLE (0.25 or 0.5 g kg−1) substantially enhanced performance, consumed feed, feed efficiency, and feed utilization parameters compared to the control and other treatment groups, whereas the total serum protein and globulin concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the fish provided a small quantity of PLE (2.5 g kg-1 diet) than in the control group. Compared to other treatment groups, all estimated liver enzymes and kidney function indicators improved significantly (P < 0.001) at PLE0.5, followed by PLE2.5, whereas the digestive enzymes’ activity increased significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing PLE level up to 0.5 g/kg diet compared to the un-supplemented group. In the same context, enriched tilapia diets with 0.5 g PLE/kg significantly (P < 0.001) boosted redox status and innate immune parameters as compared to other groups. Furthermore, increased PL inclusion levels in tilapia diets significantly (P < 0.05) increased crude protein and ash contents while decreasing fat levels in fish flesh. Moreover, fortified tilapia diets with high PLE levels significantly enhanced the survival percentage and diminished the development of all gram-negative intestinal microbial content. Finally, the results strongly recommend enriched tilapia diets with 0.25 or 0.5 g /Kg for promoting performance and health status.
Is HER2 ultra-low breast cancer different from HER2 null or HER2 low breast cancer? A study of 1363 patients
Authors: Chen Zhaoxu , Jia Huiqing , Zhang Huina , Chen Lifang , Zhao Peng , Zhao Jing , Fu Guangming , Xing Xiaoming , Li Yujun , Wang Chengqin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to analyze whether there are any differences in clinicopathological features and prognosis between HER2 ultra-low, HER2-null, and HER2-low expression in Chinese breast cancer (BC) patients.

Methods
The clinicopathological data of 1363 HER2-negative BC patients were retrospectively collected (from January 2018 to December 2019). HER2 status was further classified into HER2-null, HER2 ultra-low, and HER2-low. HER2-null expression is defined as infiltrating cancer cells completely free of staining. HER2 ultra-low expression is defined as ≤10% of infiltrating cancer cells showing incomplete and faint/weak membrane staining. HER2-low expression is defined as HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1+ or 2+ with negative in situ hybridization (ISH) assay.

Results
Of 1363 patients, there were 86 (6.3%) HER2-null patients, 395 (29.0%) HER2 ultra-low patients, and 882 (64.7%) HER2-low patients. HER2 ultra-low patients were different from HER2-low patients in terms of N stage, hormone receptor (HR) status, Ki-67 expression, and type of surgery. There were also significant differences in histologic type and postoperative endocrine therapy between HER2 ultra-low and HER2-null patients. HR+ (81.0%) tumors was more common than HR− (19.0%) in HER2 ultra-low patients. In addition, there was a significant difference in HR status between HER2 ultra-low and HER2-low patients (P = 0.001). The survival analysis showed that HER2 status had no effect on disease-free survival (DFS) in HER2-negative patients (all P > 0.05). However, regardless of HER2 status, HR+ patients had better DFS than HR− patients (P = 0.003). Cox multivariate analysis revealed that age (HR [95% CI] = 0.950 [0.928, 0.972], P < 0.001), HR status (HR [95% CI] = 3.342 [1.658, 6.736], P = 0.001), and postoperative endocrine therapy (HR [95% CI] = 0.048 [0.048, 0.023], P < 0.001) were important influencing factors of DFS in HER2-negative BC patients.

Conclusion
HER2 ultra-low BC patients demonstrated distinct clinicopathological features from HER2-null and HER2-low tumors; while, HER2 status (null, ultra-low, or low) had no prognostic value in these HER2-negative BC population. Consistent with the published literature, HR status was an independent prognostic factor for DFS in HER2-negative BC patients.
A Critical Introduction to the Usual Robust Control Framework in Macroeconomics
Authors: Tucci Marco P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBy applying robust control the decision maker wants to make good decisions when his model is only a good approximation of the true one. Such decisions are said to be robust to model misspecification. In this paper it is shown that the application of the usual robust control framework in discrete time problems is associated with some interesting, if not unexpected, results. Results that have far reaching consequences when robust control is applied sequentially, say every year in fiscal policy or every quarter (month) in monetary policy. This is true when unstructured uncertainty à la Hansen and Sargent is used, both in the case of a “probabilistically sophisticated” and a non- “probabilistically sophisticated” decision maker, or when uncertainty is related to unknown structural parameters of the model.
Topical application of dsRNAs targeting Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) reduces its titer in the CTV infected sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)
Authors: Borah Munmi , Nath Palash Deb , Chaudhury Supratik Pal , Biswas Kajal Kumar , Patil Basavaprabhu L. , Voloudakis Andreas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCitrus tristeza virus (CTV) is found worldwide wherever citrus is cultivated, causing Citrus tristeza disease resulting in significant yield losses and sometimes the death of the plant. Transgenic citrus plants encoding CTV gene sequences have shown to exhibit pathogen-derived resistance to CTV. Exogenous application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an established strategy for plant virus control, making this method an attractive alternative to transgenic RNA interference (RNAi). The dsRNA molecules targeting the CP, p20, and p23 genes of CTV G8 strain were synthesized in vitro and topically applied onto the leaves of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) infected with CTV strain G8. The exogenous application of all the dsRNAs reduced CTV titer at 10 days post application (dpa) as revealed by quantitative RT-PCR assay done at four different time points. These results provide a proof-of-concept for a non-transgenic approach of controlling CTV, a closterovirus, in a perennial fruit crop such as citrus.