bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defect‐Induced Electron Redistribution between Pt‐N3S1 Single Atomic Sites and Pt Clusters for Synergistic Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production with Ultra‐High Mass Activity
Authors: Wang Minmin , Feng Chao , Mi Wanliang , Guo Mengdi , Guan Zekun , Li Min , Chen Hsiao‐Chien , Liu Yunqi , Pan Yuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA N, S co‐doped carbon with abundant vacancy defects (NSC) anchored Pt single atoms (SAs) and nanoclusters (NCs) derived from coal pitch by a self‐assembly‐pyrolysis strategy is reported and a defect‐induced electron redistribution effect based on Pt SAs‐Pt NCs/NSC catalyst is proposed for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The optimized catalyst featuring Pt‐N3S1 SAs and Pt NCs dual active sites exhibit excellent HER activity with an overpotential of 192 mV at a current density of 400 mA cm−2, a turnover frequency of 30.1 s−1 at an overpotential of 150 mV, which the mass activity is 13716 mA mgPt−1, 7.4 times higher than that of 20% Pt/C catalyst. In situ Raman revealsa direct correlation between the defect structure of the catalyst and hydrogen adsorption during the reaction process. Density functional theory calculation shows the defect‐induced electron redistribution between Pt‐N3S1 SAs and Pt NCs. The electrons are transferred from Pt NCs to Pt SAs, which increases the number of electrons on the surface of Pt SAs and enhances the adsorption ability of H+. Meanwhile, the dissociation ability of H* on the Pt NCs is promoted, thus synergistically promoting the HER process.
Scaling‐Up Insights for Zinc–Air Battery Technologies Realizing Reversible Zinc Anodes
Authors: Shinde Sambhaji S. , Wagh Nayantara K. , Lee Chi Ho , Kim Dong‐Hyung , Kim Sung‐Hae , Um Han‐Don , Lee Sang Uck , Lee Jung‐Ho 
Published: September 2023

AbstractZinc–air battery (ZAB) technology is considered one of the promising candidates to complement the existing lithium‐ion batteries for future large‐scale high‐energy‐storage demands. The scientific literature reveals many efforts for the ZAB chemistries, materials design, and limited accounts for cell design principles with apparently superior performances for liquid and solid‐state electrolytes. However, along with the difficulty of forming robust solid‐electrolyte interphases, the discrepancy in testing methods and assessment metrics severely challenges the realistic evaluation/comparison and commercialization of ZABs. Here, strategies to formulate reversible zinc anodes are proposed and specific cell‐level energy metrics (100−500 Wh kg−1) and realistic long‐cycling operations are realized. Stabilizing anode/electrolyte interfaces results in a cumulative capacity of 25 Ah cm−2 and Coulomb efficiency of >99.9% for 5000 plating/stripping cycles. Using 1–10 Ah scale (≈500 Wh kg−1 at cell level) solid‐state zinc–air pouch cells, scale‐up insights for Ah‐level ZABs that can progress from lab‐scale research to practical production are also offered.
Exciton Chirality Transfer Empowers Self‐Triggered Spin‐Polarized Amplified Spontaneous Emission from 1D‐Anchoring‐3D Perovskites
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Wang Kang , Zhang Tongjin , Liu Haidi , Ren Ang , Ren Shizhe , Li Penghao , Zhang Chuang , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpin‐polarized lasers, arising from stimulated emission of imbalanced spin populations, play a vital role in spin‐optoelectronics. It is usually tackled by external spin injection, inevitably suffering from additional losses across the barriers from injection sources to gain materials. Herein, spin‐polarized coherent light emission is self‐triggered from the 1D‐anchoring‐3D perovskites, where the imbalanced populations in achiral 3D perovskites are endowed with the spin selectivity of exciton chirality (EC) underpinned by chiral 1D perovskites. Efficient transfer of EC is enabled by rapid energy transfer, thereby creating an imbalance of the spin population of excited states. Stimulated emission of such populations brings self‐triggered spin‐polarized amplified spontaneous emission in the composite perovskites, yielding a higher degree of polarization (DOP) than that based on optical spin injection into bare achiral 3D perovskites. Chemical diversity of composite perovskites not only enables to adjust band gap for broadband output of spin‐polarized light signals but also promises to manipulate radiative decay and spin relaxation toward remarkably increased DOP. These results highlight the importance of EC transfer mechanism for spin‐polarized lasing and represent a crucial step toward the development of chiral‐spintronics.
All‐Around HfO2 Stressor for Tensile Strain in GeSn‐on‐Insulator Nanobeam Lasers
Authors: Joo Hyo‐Jun , Kim Youngmin , Chen Melvina , Burt Daniel , Zhang Lin , Son Bongkwon , Luo Manlin , Ikonic Zoran , Lee Chulwon , Cho Yong‐Hoon , Tan Chuan Seng , Nam Donguk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTensile strained GeSn alloys are considered a key enabler for the realization of complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor laser sources. However, the tensile strained GeSn lasers reported to date require complex fabrication processes for applying tensile strain in GeSn, preventing tensile GeSn lasers from becoming the mainstream technology for integrated photonics. Here, a unique strain engineering method is presented that can introduce a uniform tensile strain in GeSn lasers by harnessing a widely developed atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. 1D photonic crystal nanobeam lasers under homogenous tensile strain induced by an ALD HfO2 all‐around stressor layer show a single‐mode lasing peak with a ≈31 nm redshift and ≈2 times intensity increase. The lasing threshold of tensile strained GeSn lasers is ≈12% improved compared to the unstrained GeSn lasers. It is believed that the approach offers a new path toward the realization of practical group‐IV laser sources for photonic‐integrated circuits.
Endothelial Cell‐Derived Lactate Triggers Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell Histone Lactylation to Attenuate Osteoporosis
Authors: Wu Jinhui , Hu Miao , Jiang Heng , Ma Jun , Xie Chong , Zhang Zheng , Zhou Xin , Zhao Jianquan , Tao Zhengbo , Meng Yichen , Cai Zhuyun , Song Tengfei , Zhang Chenglin , Gao Rui , Cai Chang , Song Hongyuan , Gao Yang , Lin Tao , Wang Ce , Zhou Xuhui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBlood vessels play a role in osteogenesis and osteoporosis; however, the role of vascular metabolism in these processes remains unclear. The present study finds that ovariectomized mice exhibit reduced blood vessel density in the bone and reduced expression of the endothelial glycolytic regulator pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). Endothelial cell (EC)‐specific deletion of Pkm2 impairs osteogenesis and worsens osteoporosis in mice. This is attributed to the impaired ability of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiate into osteoblasts. Mechanistically, EC‐specific deletion of Pkm2 reduces serum lactate levels secreted by ECs, which affect histone lactylation in BMSCs. Using joint CUT&Tag and RNA sequencing analyses, collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), and transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2) as osteogenic genes regulated by histone H3K18la lactylation are identified. PKM2 overexpression in ECs, lactate addition, and exercise restore the phenotype of endothelial PKM2‐deficient mice. Furthermore, serum metabolomics indicate that patients with osteoporosis have relatively low lactate levels. Additionally, histone lactylation and related osteogenic genes of BMSCs are downregulated in patients with osteoporosis. In conclusion, glycolysis in ECs fuels BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts through histone lactylation, and exercise partially ameliorates osteoporosis by increasing serum lactate levels.
Typology of Battery Cells – From Liquid to Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Sen Sudeshna , Richter Felix H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe field of battery research is bustling with activity and the plethora of names for batteries that present new cell concepts is indicative of this. Most names have grown historically, each indicative of the research focus in their own time, e.g. lithium‐ion batteries, lithium‐air batteries, solid‐state batteries. Nevertheless, all batteries are essentially made of two electrode layers and an electrolyte layer. This lends itself to a systematic and comprehensive approach by which to identify the cell type and chemistry at a glance. The recent increase in hybridized cell concepts potentially opens a world of new battery types. To retain an overview of this dynamic research field, each battery type is briefly discussed and a systematic typology of battery cells is proposed in the form of the short and universal cell naming system AAMXEBCAM (AAM: anode active material; X: L (liquid), G (gel), PP (plasticized polymer), DP (dry polymer), S (solid), H (hybrid); EB: electrolyte battery; CAM: cathode active material). This classification is based on the principal ion conduction mechanism of the electrolyte during cell operation. Even though the presented typology initiates from the research fields of lithium‐ion, solid‐state and hybrid battery concepts, it is applicable to any battery cell chemistry.
Solvent‐Mediated Formation of Quasi‐2D Dion‐Jacobson Phases on 3D Perovskites for Inverted Solar Cells Over 23% Efficiency
Authors: Ramakrishnan Shripathi , Song Donghoon , Xu Yuanze , Zhang Xiaoyu , Aksoy Gavin , Cotlet Mircea , Li Mingxing , Zhang Yugang , Yu Qiuming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract2D‐on‐3D (2D/3D) perovskite heterostructures present a promising strategy to realize efficient and stable photovoltaics. However, their applicability in inverted solar cells is limited due to the quantum confinement of the 2D‐layer and solvent incompatibilities that disrupt the underlying 3D layer, hampering electron transport at the 2D/3D interface. Herein, solvent‐dependent formation dynamics and structural evolution of 2D/3D heterostructures are investigated via in situ X‐ray scattering. It is revealed that solvent interaction with the 3D surface determines the formation sequence and spatial distribution of quasi‐2D phases with n = 2–4. Isopropanol (IPA) reconstructs the perovskite into a PbI2‐rich surface, forming a strata with smaller n first, followed by a thinner substratum of larger n. In contrast, 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethanol (TFE) preserves the 3D surface, promoting the formation of uniformly distributed larger n domains first, and smaller n last. Leveraging these insights, Dion–Jacobson perovskites are used with superior charge transport properties and structural robustness to fabricate 2D/3D heterostructures dominated by n ≥ 3 and engineer a favorable energy landscape for electron tunneling. Inverted solar cells based on 3‐Aminomethylpyridine and TFE achieve a champion efficiency of 23.60%, with Voc and FF of 1.19 V and 84.5%, respectively, and superior stabilities with t94 of 960 h under thermal stress.
LncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA mediates hyperglycemic‐induced injury in the renal tubular epithelial cell via the miR‐126‐5pAkt axis
Authors: Jiang Qiong , Yang Ting , Zou Yan , He Mingjie , Li Qingchun , Chen Xiaohui , Zhong Aimin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the involvement of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) in the injury of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by high glucose.
Results: In high glucose‐induced HK‐2 cells, the expression of HOTAIR was upregulated, resulting in suppressed cell proliferation. Meanwhile, HOTAIR upregulates the expression of pro‐apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase‐3, while downregulating the expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that HOTAIR could target miR‐126‐5p. Additionally, it was found that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway serves as a downstream target of miR‐126‐5p. Knockdown of HOTAIR relieved apoptosis, whereas further inhibition of miR‐126‐5p led to apoptosis in HK‐2 cells.Conclusions: HOTAIR plays a regulatory role in mediating high glucose‐induced injuries in HK‐2 cells, specifically affecting apoptosis and cell viability, via the miR‐126‐5p/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
A DNA Origami‐based Bactericide for Efficient Healing of Infected Wounds
Authors: Wu Tiantian , Wang Hong , Tian Run , Guo Shuang , Liao Yuhui , Liu Jianbing , Ding Baoquan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBacteria infection is a significant obstacle in the clinical treatment of exposed wounds facing widespread pathogens. Herein, we report a DNA origami‐based bactericide for efficient anti‐infection therapy of infected wounds in vivo. In our design, abundant DNAzymes (G4/hemin) can be precisely organized on the DNA origami for controllable generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to break bacterial membranes. After the destruction of the membrane, broad‐spectrum antibiotic levofloxacin (LEV, loaded in the DNA origami through interaction with DNA duplex) can be easily delivered into the bacteria for successful sterilization. With the incorporation of DNA aptamer targeting bacterial peptidoglycan, the DNA origami‐based bactericide can achieve targeted and combined antibacterial therapy for efficiently promoting the healing of infected wounds. This tailored DNA origami‐based nanoplatform provides a new strategy for the treatment of infectious diseases in vivo.
Activity And Stability of Single‐ And Di‐Atom Catalysts for the O2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Karmodak Naiwrit , Nørskov Jens K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEfficient and inexpensive catalysts for the O2 reduction reaction (ORR) are needed for the advancement of renewable energy technologies. In this study, we designed a computational catalyst‐screening method to identify single and di‐atom metal dopants from first‐row transition elements supported on defect‐containing nitrogenated graphene surfaces for the ORR. Based on formation‐energy calculations and micro‐kinetic modelling of reaction pathways using intermediate binding free energies, we have identified four potentially interesting single‐atom catalysts (SACs) and fifteen di‐atom catalysts (DACs) with relatively high estimated catalytic activity at 0.8 V vs RHE. Among the best SACs, MnNC shows high stability in both acidic and alkaline media according to our model. For the DACs, we found four possible candidates, MnMn, FeFe, CoCo, and MnNi doped on quad‐atom vacancy sites having considerable stability over a wide pH range. The remaining SACs and DACs with high activity are either less stable or show a stability region at an alkaline pH.
Creation of a Highly Active Small Cu‐Based Catalyst Derived from Copper Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide Supported on α‐Al2O3 for Acceptorless Alcohol Dehydrogenation
Authors: Yusniyanti Febi , Hara Takayoshi , Makishima Kohei , Kurniawan Enggah , Fujimura Takuya , Sasai Ryo , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kawaguchi Shogo , Permana Yessi , Ichikuni Nobuyuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA highly dispersed carbonate‐intercalated Cu2+‐Al3+ layered double hydroxide (CuAl LDH) was created on an unreactive α‐Al2O3 surface (CuAl LDH@α‐Al2O3) via a simple coprecipitation method of Cu2+ and Al3+ under alkaline conditions in the presence of α‐Al2O3. A highly reducible CuO nanoparticles was generated, accompanied by the formation of CuAl2O4 on the surface of α‐Al2O3 (CuAlO@α‐Al2O3) after calcination at 1073 K in air, as confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Cu K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The structural changes during the progressive heating process were monitored by using in‐situ temperature‐programmed synchrotron XRD (tp‐SXRD). The layered structure of CuAl LDH@α‐Al2O3 completely disappeared at 473 K, and CuO or CuAl2O4 phases began to appear at 823 K or 1023 K, respectively. Our synthesised CuAlO@α‐Al2O3 catalyst was highly active for the acceptorless dehydrogenation of benzylic, aliphatic, or cyclic aliphatic alcohols; the TON based on the amount of Cu increased to 163 from 3.3 of unsupported CuAlO catalyst in 1‐phenylethanol dehydrogenation. The results suggested that Cu0 was obtained from the reduction of CuO in the catalyst matrix during the reaction without separate reduction procedure and acted as a catalytically active species.
UBE2V2 promotes metastasis by regulating EMT and predicts a poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Zheng , Wu Gujie , Zhao Jianmei , Shi Guanglin , Zhou Juan , Zhou Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeAs a member of the ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme (E2) family, UBE2V2 demonstrates significant tumorigenicity in many cancers. However, the relationship between UBE2V2 expression and the morbidity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still unknown.MethodsWe detected the mRNA and protein expression of UBE2V2 and analyzed its relationship with clinical parameters as well as survival prognosis based on bioinformatic and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in LUAD. The signaling pathway of UBE2V2 in the development of LUAD was obtained by GSEA. The TIMER database was used to investigate the association between UBE2V2 expression and the level of infiltration of different immune cells. Finally, we explored the effects of UBE2V2 knockdown on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of LUAD cells.ResultsThe results showed that UBE2V2 was a potential oncogene and might be considered an independent prognostic molecule for LUAD patients based on TCGA prediction (HR: 1.497 p = 0.012) and IHC (HR:1.864 p = 0.044). IHC showed that UBE2V2 was related to the following clinicopathological factors: gender (p = 0.043), stage (p = 0.042), and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002). Finally, knockdown of UBE2V2 reduced the migration of LUAD cells by regulating EMT‐related proteins. Knockdown of UBE2V2 induced LUAD cells to arrest in the G1 phase. Knockdown of UBE2V2 increased LUAD cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation, which might be related to the downregulation of PCNA and upregulation of P53 and ƳH2AX expression. Interestingly, UBE2V2 is negatively correlated with B cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.ConclusionUBE2V2 may be a valuable therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Differentiating between Label and Protein Conformers in Pulsed Dipolar EPR Spectroscopy with the dHis‐Cu2+(NTA) Motif
Authors: Heubach Caspar A. , Hasanbasri Zikri , Abdullin Dinar , Reuter Arne , Korzekwa Benedict , Saxena Sunil , Schiemann Olav 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy (PDS) in combination with site‐directed spin labeling is a powerful tool in structural biology. However, the commonly used spin labels are conjugated to biomolecules via rather long and flexible linkers, which hampers the translation of distance distributions into biomolecular conformations. In contrast, the spin label copper(II)‐nitrilotriacetic acid [Cu2+(NTA)] bound to two histidines (dHis) is rigid and yields narrow distance distributions, which can be more easily translated into biomolecular conformations. Here, we use this label on the 71 kDa Yersinia outer protein O (YopO) to decipher whether a previously experimentally observed bimodal distance distribution is due to two conformations of the biomolecule or of the flexible spin labels. Two different PDS experiments, that is, pulsed electron–electron double resonance (PELDOR aka DEER) and relaxation‐induced dipolar modulation enhancement (RIDME), yield unimodal distance distribution with the dHis‐Cu2+(NTA) motif; this result suggests that the α‐helical backbone of YopO adopts a single conformation in frozen solution. In addition, we show that the Cu2+(NTA) label preferentially binds to the target double histidine (dHis) sites even in the presence of 22 competing native histidine residues. Our results therefore suggest that the generation of a His‐null background is not required for this spin labeling methodology. Together these results highlight the value of the dHis‐Cu2+(NTA) motif in PDS experiments.
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, part 2: Early assessment of the COVID‐19 pandemic’s impact on cancer diagnosis
Authors: Negoita Serban , Chen Huann‐Sheng , Sanchez Pamela V. , Sherman Recinda L. , Henley S. Jane , Siegel Rebecca L. , Sung Hyuna , Scott Susan , Benard Vicki B. , Kohler Betsy A. , Jemal Ahmedin , Cronin Kathleen A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith access to cancer care services limited because of coronavirus disease 2019 control measures, cancer diagnosis and treatment have been delayed. The authors explored changes in the counts of US incident cases by cancer type, age, sex, race, and disease stage in 2020.MethodsData were extracted from selected US population‐based cancer registries for diagnosis years 2015–2020 using first‐submission data from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. After a quality assessment, the monthly numbers of newly diagnosed cancer cases were extracted for six cancer types: colorectal, female breast, lung, pancreas, prostate, and thyroid. The observed numbers of incident cancer cases in 2020 were compared with the estimated numbers by calculating observed‐to‐expected (O/E) ratios. The expected numbers of incident cases were extrapolated using Joinpoint trend models.ResultsThe authors report an O/E ratio <1.0 for major screening‐eligible cancer sites, indicating fewer newly diagnosed cases than expected in 2020. The O/E ratios were lowest in April 2020. For every cancer site except pancreas, Asians/Pacific Islanders had the lowest O/E ratio of any race group. O/E ratios were lower for cases diagnosed at localized stages than for cases diagnosed at advanced stages.ConclusionsThe current analysis provides strong evidence for declines in cancer diagnoses, relative to the expected numbers, between March and May of 2020. The declines correlate with reductions in pathology reports and are greater for cases diagnosed at in situ and localized stage, triggering concerns about potential poor cancer outcomes in the coming years, especially in Asians/Pacific Islanders.Plain Language Summary

To help control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), health care organizations suspended nonessential medical procedures, including preventive cancer screening, during early 2020.
Many individuals canceled or postponed cancer screening, potentially delaying cancer diagnosis.
This study examines the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the number of newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2020 using first‐submission, population‐based cancer registry database.
The monthly numbers of newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2020 were compared with the expected numbers based on past trends for six cancer sites.
April 2020 had the sharpest decrease in cases compared with previous years, most likely because of the COVID‐19 pandemic.