bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seizures in febrile children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical features, short-term follow-up
Authors: Jiang Jipeng , Sheng Zhengsong , Cao Jie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: With the emergence of the Omicron variant of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the neurological manifestations associated with this epidemic have garnered increasing attention. The main objective of this study was to compare seizures in febrile children with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection and to conduct short-term follow-up of the SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University for fever and seizures between October 1 and December 30, 2022.Based on the results of SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR), the patients were divided into a Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) positive group and a COVID-19 negative group.In addition, we followed up COVID-19-positive patients for 3 months after their discharge from the hospital.The follow-up included monitoring for post-discharge seizures.
Results: Compared with the COVID-19-negative group, the COVID-19-positive group had a higher proportion of seizure duration ≥ 15 minutes(18.7%VS5.1%;P=0.001), seizure ≥ 2 time (54.4%VS41.0%;P=0.024), status epilepticus(15.4%VS5.1%;P=0.005), and Electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities(29.4%VS13.6%;P=0.016). Among the 161 individuals under follow-up, 21 (13.0%)experienced a reoccurrence of seizures.
Conclusions: Although the incidence of seizure duration ≥15 minutes, number of seizures ≥2 time, and status epilepticus was higher in the COVID-19-positive group, the majority of patients had a favorable prognosis.However, patients with COVID-19 who present with seizures and persistent impaired consciousness need to be alerted to serious neurological disorders such as acute necrotizing encephalopathy.Since some patients may experience a recurrence of seizures within a short period of time, it is important to provide education to guardians about the emergency management of seizures and to follow up with patients over time.
Improvement of multilineage hematopoiesis in hematopoietic stem cell-transferred c-kit mutant NOG-EXL humanized mice
Authors: Ito Ryoji , Ohno Yusuke , Mu Yunmei , Ka Yuyo , Ito Shuko , Emi-Sugie Maiko , Mochizuki Misa , Kawai Kenji , Goto Motohito , Ogura Tomoyuki , Takahashi Riichi , Niwa Akira , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Ito Mamoru 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-transferred humanized mice are valuable for exploring human hematology and immunology. However, sufficient recapitulation of human hematopoiesis in mice requires large quantities of enriched human CD34+ HSCs and total body irradiation for adequate engraftment. Recently, we generated a NOG mouse strain with a point mutation in the c-kit tyrosine kinase domain (W41 mutant; NOGW mice). Herein, we first examined the potential of NOGW mice for reconstituting human hematopoietic cells. Irradiated NOGW mice exhibited a high engraftment level of human CD45+ cells in peripheral blood, even on transferring 5,000–10,000 CD34+ HSCs. The efficient engraftment of human CD45+ cells was also observed in non-irradiated NOGW mice transferred with 20,000–40,000 HSCs. The bone marrow (BM) of NOGW mice exhibited significantly more engrafted human HSCs or progenitor cells (CD34+CD38− or CD34+CD38+ cells) than the BM of NOG mice. Furthermore, we generated a human cytokine (interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) transgenic NOG-W41 (NOGW-EXL) mouse to achieve multilineage reconstitution with sufficient engraftment of human hematopoietic cells. Non-irradiated NOGW-EXL mice showed significantly higher engraftment levels of human CD45+ and myeloid lineage cells, particularly granulocytes and platelets/megakaryocytes, than non-irradiated NOGW or irradiated NOG-EXL mice after human CD34+ cell transplantation. Serial BM transplantation experiments revealed that NOGW mice exhibited the highest potential for long-term HSC compared with other strains. Consequently, c-kit mutant NOGW-EXL humanized mice represent an advanced model for HSC-transferred humanized mice and hold promise for widespread application owing to their high versatility.
Factors associated with knowledge and practices regarding oxygen administration among nurses: A cross-sectional study at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam – Tanzania
Authors: Kimario Magdalena S. , Ambikile Joel Seme , Iseselo Masunga K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground Oxygen is the essential WHO-approved therapy commonly used in health facilities, that requires appropriate administration according to its indication. Incorrect usage and inadequate practices of oxygen therapy may lead to complications associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Critically ill patients often need and receive supplemental oxygen, and both inadequate and excessive oxygen administration can be detrimental to their health outcomes. Nurses are key health professionals who play a big role in the administration of oxygen to critically ill individuals. Yet, little is known regarding factors that influence the administration of oxygen therapy to critically ill patients among nurses. This study aimed to assess factors influencing nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding oxygen administration to critically ill patients at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam – Tanzania. Material and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 208 nurses through the use of a self-administered questionnaire. Respondents were recruited using a simple random sampling method and data was analyzed with the aid of the 23rd version of SPSS software. The Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors influencing oxygen administration to critically ill patients. Ap-value of less than 0.05 was used to determine significant relationships. Result Of the 208 respondents, 120(57.7%) were female, 144(69.2%) were in the age group of 20–40, and 175(84.1%) worked in the wards. Among respondents, 96(46.2%) and 78(37.5%) had poor knowledge and practices regarding oxygen administration, respectively. Higher professional education (AOR: 1.948; CI: 1.060, 3.579;p = 0.032), shorter work experience (AOR: 2.442; CI: 1.101, 5.419;p = 0.028), and receiving in-service training on oxygen administration (AOR: 3.515; CI: 1.922, 6.428;p < 0.001) were significantly associated with good knowledge on oxygen administration. None of the sociodemographic and organizational factors were associated with practices on oxygen administration. Conclusion A substantial number of nurses had poor knowledge and practices regarding oxygen administration. On-job training and encouraging nurses to pursue higher professional education may be useful in improving nurses' knowledge of oxygen administration. Further research is needed to determine the relationship between length of work experience and knowledge of oxygen administration.
The effect of the main factors related to milk production performance on microflora varies in Holstein raw milk
Authors: xie xiulan , Cao Mei , Yan Shi-ying , Li Shu , Gao Hai-hui , Zhang Gang , Zeng Jia-yi , Zhao Jian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Milk microflora is closely associated with the physiology and pathology in the mammary gland, and plays an important role in offspring development. The objective of the study was to illustrate the variation of milk microflora accompanied by the main factors related to milk performance.
Results
Milk samples were collected from 285 cows in Ningxia, China, and then microflora was explored using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. All samples were grouped with the season (summer and winter), cow status (healthy and subclinical mastitis), farms (6 commercial dairy farms), and parity (primiparity and multiparity). The bacterial diversity, community composition, and abundance were analyzed among different groups. Also, the milk microflora among samples from summer, winter, and colostrum was compared. The results showed that the bacterial diversity of the milk varied significantly between samples from summer and winter. Higher bacterial richness was observed from summer samples than from winter samples. The gut-related genera, Parabacteroides, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium_1, Sphingomonas, and Lactobacillus, were prevalent in summer milk samples. Although Escherichia_Shigella, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Psychrobacter, Rhizobium, Bifidobacterium, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were common in winter samples. In addition, different farms exhibited differences in bacterial diversity. Subclinical mastitis increased alpha diversity and decreased the enrichment of KEGG pathways in summer. Moreover, significant differences of milk microflora were observed from summer, winter and colostrum samples.
Conclusions
The study revealed that the milk microflora varied companies with seasons, farms, health status, and parities. Also, milk from summer, winter, and colostrum showed their unique microflora characteristics.
Analytical Modeling for Segregation of Glass-Steel Composite Manufactured by Diffusion Welding
Authors: Jeong Woncheol , Gridasov Alexander 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
When glass and steel are welded, the glass components diffuse into the steel, resulting in a reduction in the grain size of the steel. This phenomenon, known as segregation, has received limited attention from researchers, leaving a gap in our understanding and analysis of this process. This article introduces a novel analytical model that offers a predictive approach to studying the segregation phenomenon. The validity of this model has been established through a comparison with experimental measurements, demonstrating qualitative agreement. By employing this methodology, we aim to enhance our current knowledge of segregation. The findings from this study have practical implications, not only for improving the material properties of steel based on the Hall-Petch relationship in manufacturing but also for investigating segregation in solar cells and semiconductors.
Forest thinning and prescribed burning treatments reduce wildfire severity and buffer the impacts of severe fire weather
Authors: Brodie Emily , Knapp Eric E. , Brooks Wesley , Drury Stacy A. , Ritchie Martin W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background:
The capacity of forest fuel treatments to limit the behavior and severity of subsequent wildfires depends on weather and fuel conditions at the time of burning. We compared the impacts of five fuel treatments—including two thin-only, a thin-burn, a burn-only, and a control—on fire severity using a 1200 hectare randomized and replicated experiment that burned almost entirely in a subsequent wildfire. We evaluated four fire severity metrics (mortality, average bole char height, percent crown volume torched [PCVT], and percent crown volume affected [PCVA]) and leveraged pre-fire surface and canopy fuels data to better understand the mechanisms driving differences in wildfire severity among treatments and how they changed with fire weather.
Results:
We found strong mitigating effects of treatments on fire behavior and tree mortality, despite 20 years having elapsed since mechanical thinning and 10 years since the second entry of prescribed fire. The thin-burn treatment resulted in the lowest fire severity across all four metrics and the untreated control the highest. Prefire canopy and surface fuel loads were associated with all four fire severity metrics, with the exception that surface fuel loads were not associated with PCVT, a fire severity metric associated with crown fire behavior. The relationship between fuel treatment effectiveness and fire weather varied among fire severity metrics, with maximum fuel treatment benefit at intermediate burning index values for tree mortality, intermediate to high burning index values for PCVA, and high burning index for bole char height and PCVT.
Conclusions:
We conclude that reducing canopy bulk density via mechanical thinning treatments can help to limit crown fire behavior for 20 years or more. However, reducing surface fuels is necessary to limit scorching and the total crown impacts associated with tree mortality. Further, while fuel treatment effectiveness may decline at the most severe fire weather for some fire severity metrics (total crown impacts and mortality), it is maximized under severe fire weather conditions for others (bole charring and torching). Our results provide strong evidence for the use of fuel treatments to mitigate fire behavior and resulting fire severity even under extreme fire weather conditions.
Variation in the gut microbiota during the early developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and its correlation with feed and pond water
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Liu Yu , Shan Shijuan , Xu Cong , An Liguo , Yang Guiwen , Wang Lei , Li Hua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Fish gut microbiota undergo dynamic changes under the influence of many factors and play an important role in the nutrition, immunity and development in fish. Although common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is an economically important freshwater fish, there are few reports on its gut microbiota changes at different early developmental stages. In the present study, the gut microbiota of common carp during the early developmental stages and its correlation with the feed and pond water flora were studied using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform.
Results
The results showed that the gut microbiota of common carp underwent continuous and mild changes over the development process, and the pond water environment might provide bacterial resources and have a certain influence on the changes in the gut microbiota of common carp. However, host selection pressure played a more important role in shaping the gut microbiota. Although the gut microbiota was affected by many factors, the presence of core microbiota indicated that some bacterial species adapt to the gut microenvironment of common carp and played a role in its growth process.
Conclusions
The dynamic changes of gut microbiota of carp in early development stage were related to the feed, water environment and host selection. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for healthy farming and disease prevention of common carp.
Novel Deep Neural Network for Early Prediction and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Udhan Shivganga , Patil Bankat 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are common and fatal conditions requiring early detection for reduced mortality rates. Machine learning algorithms hold promise for identifying risk factors. This study presents a comprehensive system for efficient CVD prediction and prevention. Accurate training data is generated through real-time datasets, preprocessing, and hybrid dataset creation (Cleveland, VA Long Beach, Switzerland, Hungarian, and Stat log). Feature selection optimizes prediction, including ANOVA and CHI2SQUARE methods. Classifier models (Decision Tree, Random Forest, KNN, Naïve Bayes, SVM, DNN) are trained on the hybrid dataset using class balancing and feature selection. DNN with CHI2-Square selection achieves 99.27% accuracy; CBFS-DNN on real-time data reaches 82.06%. The ongoing research develops a prevention model focusing on ten key features, aiding early CVD risk identification and tailored interventions. The system's rapid prediction in 0.05 seconds enables timely preventive actions.
Groundwater recharge sources and mechanisms in the Ethiopian central Afar rift: insights from isotopic and hydrogeochemical tracers
Authors: Fentaw Bereket , Birhanu Behailu , Azagegn Tilahun , Abebe Bekele 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The study of deep groundwater recharge and its flow pattern in a continental escarpment-rift interface zones is one of the most challenging subject in the field of hydrogeology. The central Afar rift and the associated western marginal grabens and Northwestern Plateau (NWP), in northeastern Ethiopia are an excellent examples, where the groundwater recharge and flow patterns are insufficiently addressed. Existing conceptual models argued on the existence of deep groundwater recharge to the rift, considering the marginal area as an overall barrier. But the role of interacting linking zones between the marginal grabens are commonly unaccounted for. Hydrogeochemical, stable isotopes of water and knowledge of geological structures are applied to determine groundwater recharge sources and mechanisms. There is a notable difference in isotopic compositions between the deep and shallow groundwater systems resulting from difference in recharge conditions. The major ion chemistry and EC of groundwaters in some corridors of western parts of the Afar rift show a clear geochemical evolution along the flow paths. The results of stable isotope and groundwater geochemistry revealed the existence of preferential deep groundwater recharge from the NWP, across the highly fractured linking zones, to the deeper volcanic aquifers of the central Afar rift. Overall, the groundwater flow from the NWP to the Afar rift is chiefly controlled by the orientations of the faulted marginal grabens and the linking zones between them. The suggested model of this study make a significant contribution to better understand groundwater recharge mechanisms in other similar continental rift zones.
Maresin1 improves hippocampal neuroinflammation and cognitive function in septic rats by activating the SLC7A11 / GPX4 ferroptosis signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Huiping , Li Na , Peng Shuang , Fu Haiyan , Hu Zhan sheng , Su Longxiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a prevalent complication of sepsis, with hippocampal neuroinflammation playing a crucial role in SAE-induced cognitive impairment. Maresin1 (MaR1), a bioactive docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) metabolite, demonstrates comprehensive anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective attributes. Yet, its protective efficacy against SAE-induced cognitive decline remains unexplored. In this investigation, we implemented a rat SAE model via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), while lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of HT22 cells simulated an in vitro SAE model; both models were pre-treated with MaR1. We evaluated rat learning and memory using a water maze, assessed hippocampal neuron damage via Nissl and FJC staining, and observed mitochondrial alterations through TEM. In vivo and in vitro assays gauged levels of Fe2+, MDA, GSH, and SOD. Additionally, Iba1 expression in the hippocampus was examined via immunofluorescence, while SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels were determined using western blot. Our findings indicated CLP-induced learning and memory impairment in rats, along with heightened ROS, Fe2+, and MDA levels in hippocampal neurons, diminished GSH and SOD levels, and down-regulated ferroptosis-related proteins (GPX4 and SLC7A11). Remarkably, MaR1 treatment attenuated these adverse effects. In LPS-stimulated HT22 cells, MaR1 lowered lipid ROS and bolstered mitochondrial membrane potential. Nonetheless, the ferroptosis inducer Erastin reversed MaR1's protective effects. Transwell experiments further showed MaR1's potential to inhibit microglia activation triggered by ferroptosis in HT22 cells. Consequently, MaR1 may mitigate hippocampal neuroinflammation via activating the SLC7A11/GPX4 ferroptosis signaling pathway, thus ameliorating SAE-related cognitive impairment.
Effect of load reduction on the calcification of rat tibial tuberosity: Focus on calcification factors and chondrocyte mechanosensors
Authors: Suito Hirai , Minamizono Wataru , Yashima Nao , Matsunaga Hiroya , Fujikawa Kaoru , Ohsako Masafumi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The tibial tuberosity has a superficial patellar tendon-embedded portion and a deep uncalcified cartilage portion. Osgood–Schlatter disease occurs because of suppressed calcification of the tibial tuberosity. The tibial tuberosity calcifies with aging, and load reduction degrades the cartilage matrix and promotes calcification. This suggests that reducing mechanical stimulation of the tibial tuberosity promotes calcification; however, this is yet to be clarified. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of mechanical stimulation reduction on the tibial tuberosity tissue structure and calcification mechanism. We examined the effect of load reduction on tibial tuberosity calcification in 20 male 7-week-old Wistar rats classified into two groups: hind-limb suspension (HS, n = 10) and control (CO, n = 10). We observed superficial and deep tibial tuberosities in both groups. The tibial tuberosity in the HS group had narrower areas of deep portions than those in the CO group (p = 0.000539), and immature bone tissue was observed in addition to cartilage tissue. Enpp1 expression did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.804). In contrast, Alpl (p = 0.001) and Mmp3 (p = 0.006)expression in HS increased, whereas Timp3expression decreased (p = 0.002). This gene expression was similar to that in a murine join instability model of osteoarthritis with articular cartilage calcification and ossification. The HS tibial tuberosity also showed immature bone tissue. In conclusion, reduced mechanical stimulation caused tibial tuberosity calcification and pathological changes. These findings highlight the importance of optimal exercise to avoid premature pathological structural changes in bones/joints.
Unraveling the relationship between serum parathyroid hormone levels and trabecular bone score: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Tingxiao , Li Yanlei , Tian Jinlong , Xu Jiongnan , Zhao Fanfan , Xia Chen , Kang Yao , Wang Yongguang , Zhang Jun , Shao Haiyu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:The TBS is a new method for clinicians to assess bone quality. It is directly related to the mechanical strength of bone and helps predict fracture risk. The present analysis aimed to the associations between serum PTH level and TBS by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Methods.A total of 3516 participants from the NHANES 2005–2006 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Independent variables were serum PTH, which a key role in mineral homeostasis and bone metabolism. Outcome variable was TBS. The associations of serum PTH levels with TBS was examined using multivariable linear regression models.Results.After adjusting for covariates, there was a negative association between the serum PTH level and TBS (β= -0.0034; 95% confidence interval, -0.0050– -0.0017). However, in the subgroup analysis stratified by gender, race, and age, this association became negative only in Non-Hispanic White (β = − 0.0047, 95% CI: − 0.0071– − 0.0048) and young people (age＜60) (β = − 0.0036, 95% CI: -0.0057, -0.0016). In addition, the association of serum PTH with TBS was an inverted U-shaped curve, with a point of inflection a 6.71 pmol/L.Conclusion:This study showed that serum PTH levels were negative associated with TBS. This finding indicated that maintaining PTH at low levels may be beneficial to bone health, especially for young non-Hispanic white.
Cyber-Attacks in WSN &amp; Security Optimization By a Novel Technique based Intensive Binary Pigeon Optimization (IBiPO) &amp; Bi-LSTM-based IDS Framework
Authors: Nabi Faisal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With the global adoption of Internet services, service providers are having a difficult time securing their systems, especially against new attacks and intrusions. Various anomalous detection approaches have been developed for protecting WSN from cyber-attacks. However, those systems suffer from the major issues of a high number of false alarms, increased over-fitting, and complexity. Therefore, this paper motivates to develop a novel and intelligent IDS framework for protecting WSN from cyber-attacks. For this purpose, an Intensive Binary Pigeon Optimization (IBiPO) and Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) mechanisms are developed for accurate intrusion detection and classification.