bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terapia del carcinoma corticosurrenalico dopo fallimento del mitotane
Authors: Grisanti Salvatore , Cremaschi Valentina , Berruti Alfredo 
Published: September 2023

SommarioIl mitotane rappresenta l’unico farmaco approvato con specifica attività citotossica sulle cellule della corticale del surrene. Viene utilizzato nella terapia medica del carcinoma corticosurrenalico (ACC) nel setting adiuvante (nei casi operati ad alto rischio di recidiva) e nel setting di malattia inoperabile/metastatica, da solo o in associazione alla chemioterapia. È utilizzato anche per il controllo della sindrome di Cushing associato alle forme ipersecernenti di ACC. Pertanto, il fallimento di mitotane si configura nella recidiva dopo chirurgia radicale, nella progressione di malattia metastatica e nel non controllo dell’ipercortisolismo. Le attuali strategie di trattamento dell’ACC nelle diverse fasi cliniche seguono le linee guida dello European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT). Questa rassegna riassume le possibili indicazioni di chemioterapia standard di prima linea e successive, ridefinisce il ruolo decrescente di mitotane e descrive l’attuale ruolo dell’immunoterapia e delle terapie a bersaglio molecolare.
A self-propelling clapping body
Authors: Mahulkar Suyog V. , Arakeri Jaywant H. 
Published: September 2023

We report an experimental study of the motion of a clapping body consisting of two flat plates pivoted at the leading edge by a torsion spring. Clapping motion and forward propulsion of the body are initiated by the sudden release of the plates, initially held apart at an angle

$2\theta _o$

. Results are presented for the clapping and forward motions, and for the wake flow field for 24 cases, where depth-to-length ratio (

$d^* = 1.5,1\text { and }0.5$

), spring stiffness per unit depth (

$Kt$

), body mass (

$m_b$

) and initial separation angle (

$2\theta _o = 45^{\circ }\text { and }60^{\circ }$

) are varied. The body initially accelerates rapidly forward, then slowly retards to nearly zero velocity. Whereas the acceleration phase involves a complex interaction between plate and fluid motions, the retardation phase is simply fluid dynamic drag slowing the body. The wake consists of either a single axis-switching elliptical vortex loop (for

$d^* = 1\text { and }1.5$

) or multiple vortex loops (for

$d^* = 0.5$

). The body motion is nearly independent of

$d^*$

and most affected by variation in

$\theta _o$

and

$Kt$

. Using conservation of linear momentum and conversion of spring strain energy into kinetic energy in the fluid and body, we obtain a relation for the translation velocity of the body in terms of the various parameters. Approximately 80 % of the initial stored energy is transferred to the fluid, only 20 % to the body. The experimentally obtained cost of transport lies between 2 and

$8\ \mathrm {J}\ \mathrm {kg}^{-1}\ \mathrm {m}^{-1}$

.
CLASSIFICATION OF -CATEGORICAL MONADICALLY STABLE STRUCTURES
Authors: BODOR BERTALAN 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA first-order structure
$\mathfrak {A}$
is called monadically stable iff every expansion of
$\mathfrak {A}$
by unary predicates is stable. In this paper we give a classification of the class
$\mathcal {M}$
of
$\omega $
-categorical monadically stable structure in terms of their automorphism groups. We prove in turn that
$\mathcal {M}$
is the smallest class of structures which contains the one-element pure set, is closed under isomorphisms, and is closed under taking finite disjoint unions, infinite copies, and finite index first-order reducts. Using our classification we show that every structure in
$\mathcal {M}$
is first-order interdefinable with a finitely bounded homogeneous structure. We also prove that every structure in
$\mathcal {M}$
has finitely many reducts up to interdefinability, thereby confirming Thomas’ conjecture for the class
$\mathcal {M}$
.
Recent metaphors of Brexit in the British press
Authors: Landmann Julia , Ganz Yannick 
Published: September 2023

In the referendum of 23 June 2016, the UK's decision to leave the EU in the course of a Brexit was very close, with 51.9% (Leave) versus 48.1% (Remain). A year after the final withdrawal from the European Union, disillusionment seems to have spread in Great Britain. The focus of previous linguistic studies is mostly on the language used during the Leave and Remain campaigns. Charteris–Black (2019) is the first book-length study to provide a systematic description of the plethora of metaphors of Brexit. His analysis is based on the evaluation of a variety of data published in connection with the Brexit referendum, ranging from newspaper articles to social media posts and cartoons:
[ . . . ] once we look under the surface we find that understanding the metaphors of the Brexit debate provides rich insight into the profoundly moral outlooks that influenced both those who sought to leave the European Union and those who wished to remain in it. Members of the public, opinion formers and politicians relied on metaphor as a way of framing political issues and creating persuasive stories and allegories. Understanding these better helps us to understand not only what divided the two sides but also what both sides held in common: a belief and desire that they could improve their country. (Charteris–Black, 2019: 2)
Long-term health outcomes of Q-fever fatigue syndrome patients
Authors: Spronk Inge , Brus Iris M. , de Groot Annemieke , Tieleman Peter , Olde Loohuis Alfons G. M. , Haagsma Juanita A. , Polinder Suzanne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study determined long-term health outcomes (≥10 years) of Q-fever fatigue syndrome (QFS). Long-term complaints, health-related quality of life (HRQL), health status, energy level, fatigue, post-exertional malaise, anxiety, and depression were assessed. Outcomes and determinants were studied for the total sample and compared among age subgroups: young (<40years), middle-aged (≥40–<65years), and older (≥65years) patients. 368 QFS patients were included. Participants reported a median number of 12.0 long-term complaints. Their HRQL (median EQ-5D-5L index: 0.63) and health status (median EQ-VAS: 50.0) were low, their level of fatigue was high, and many experienced post-exertional malaise complaints (98.9%). Young and middle-aged patients reported worse health outcomes compared with older patients, with both groups reporting a significantly worse health status, higher fatigue levels and anxiety, and more post-exertional malaise complaints and middle-aged patients having a lower HRQL and a higher depression risk. Multivariate regression analyses confirmed that older age is associated with better outcomes, except for the number of health complaints. QFS has thus a considerable impact on patients’ health more than 10 years after infection. Young and middle-aged patients experience more long-term health consequences compared with older patients. Tailored health care is recommended to provide optimalcare for each QFS patient.
Treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Kim A. Y. , Woo W. , Saxena A. , Tanidir I. C. , Yao A. , Kurniawati Y. , Thakur V. , Shin Y. R. , Shin J. I. , Jung J. W. , Barron D. J. ,   International HLHS research network collaborators
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground:This meta-analysis aimed to consolidate existing data from randomised controlled trials on hypoplastic left heart syndrome.Methods:Hypoplastic left heart syndrome specific randomised controlled trials published between January 2005 and September 2021 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were included. Regardless of clinical outcomes, we included all randomised controlled trials about hypoplastic left heart syndrome and categorised them according to their results. Two reviewers independently assessed for eligibility, relevance, and data extraction. The primary outcome was mortality after Norwood surgery. Study quality and heterogeneity were assessed. A random-effects model was used for analysis.Results:Of the 33 included randomised controlled trials, 21 compared right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt and modified Blalock–Taussig-Thomas shunt during the Norwood procedure, and 12 regarded medication, surgical strategy, cardiopulmonary bypass tactics, and ICU management. Survival rates up to 1 year were superior in the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt group; this difference began to disappear at 3 years and remained unchanged until 6 years. The right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt group had a significantly higher reintervention rate from the interstage to the 6-year follow-up period. Right ventricular function was better in the modified Blalock–Taussig-Thomas shunt group 1–3 years after the Norwood procedure, but its superiority diminished in the 6-year follow-up. Randomised controlled trials regarding medical treatment, surgical strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass, and ICU management yielded insignificant results.Conclusions:Although right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt appeared to be superior in the early period, the two shunts applied during the Norwood procedure demonstrated comparable long-term prognosis despite high reintervention rates in right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt due to pulmonary artery stenosis. For medical/perioperative management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, further randomised controlled trials are needed to deliver specific evidence-based recommendations.
From Developing Country Leader to Flexible Negotiator: New Directions in Brazilian Trade Strategy
Authors: Schöfer Till 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBrazil has changed its negotiation strategy in World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations. In the first half of the WTO era (1995–), Brazil adopted a strong developing country leadership role as coordinator and spokesperson of the G20 group of developing countries. More recently, however, this group has disappeared from the negotiation scene. This article examines how Brazil has departed from a 2000 status quo and arrived at a more flexible approach, less reliant on the industrialized-developing divide as a structuring principle of its diplomacy. Using WTO negotiation documents, trade delegate interviews, dispute settlement case law, and secondary literature, I outline the contours of new directions in Brazilian trade policy. These include joint legislative initiatives with the EU, a move towards the plurilateral level on non-traditional issues, a greater heterogeneity of dispute settlement targets, and a newly flexible handling of its rights under the WTO's special and differential treatment status. The article contributes to ongoing debates on Brazil's status in international affairs, its reliance on large coalitions, and the maintenance of followership as key directives of its foreign policy, and scholarship that sees Brazil as stuck in a ‘graduation dilemma’.
Characterization of antipsychotic utilization before clozapine initiation for individuals with schizophrenia: an innovative visualization of trajectories using French National Health Insurance data
Authors: Laforgue Edouard-Jules , Istvan Marion , Chaslerie Anicet , Artarit Pascal , Vallot Geneviève , Jolliet Pascale , Grall-Bronnec Marie , Victorri-Vigneau Caroline 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
Despite recommendations to initiate clozapine after two unsuccessful trials of antipsychotics, clozapine is underprescribed and initiated too late. The aim of this study was to describe different antipsychotic treatment sequences in the 36 months before the initiation of clozapine and to characterize clusters of treatment trajectories.

Methods
Using the French National Health Insurance database, a historical cohort study of the population in an area in western France was performed. The data from all new users of clozapine with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in the period of 2017–2018 were evaluated. All outpatient reimbursements for antipsychotics during the 36 months before clozapine initiation were analysed. Successive reimbursements for identical treatments were grouped into treatment trials (TTs), and different trajectories were clustered using a state sequence analysis.

Results
The results showed 1191 TTs for 287 individuals. The mean number of TTs per individual was 3.2. Risperidone, aripiprazole and haloperidol were the main treatments delivered. The frequencies of antipsychotics used differed between monotherapies and combination therapies. A three-cluster typology was identified: one cluster (n = 133) of ‘less treated’ younger individuals with fewer TTs and shorter TT durations; a second cluster (n = 53) of ‘more treated’ individuals with higher numbers of TTs and combinations of antipsychotics; and a third cluster (n = 103) of ‘treatment-stable’ older individuals with longer TT durations.

Conclusions
The results indicate that the median number of TTs during the 36 months before clozapine prescription was higher than the two recommended. The different trajectories were associated with individual characteristics and treatment differences, suggesting that additional studies of clinical parameters are needed to understand barriers to clozapine prescription.
A Possible Cause for Preference of Super Bolt Lightning Over the Mediterranean Sea and the Altiplano
Authors: Efraim Avichay , Rosenfeld Daniel , Holzworth Robert , Thornton Joel A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExceptionally high‐energy lightning strokes >106 J (X1000 stronger than average) in the very low‐frequency band between 5 and 18 kHz, also known as superbolts (SB), occur mostly during winter over the North‐East Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, and over the Altiplano in South America. Here we compare the World‐Wide Lightning Location Network database with meteorological and aerosol data to examine the causes of lightning stroke high energies. Our results show that the energy per stroke increases sharply as the distance between the cloud's charging zone (where the cloud electrification occurs) and the surface decreases. Since the charging zone occurs above the 0°C isotherm, this distance is shorter when the 0°C isotherm is closer to the surface. This occurs either due to cold air mass over the ocean during winter or high surface altitude in the Altiplano during summer thunderstorms. Stroke energy decreases with the warm phase of the cloud, as proxied by the cloud base temperature, and increases with a more developed cloud, as proxied by the cloud top temperature, but to a much lesser extent than the distance between the surface and 0°C isotherm. Aerosols play no significant role. It is hypothesized that a shorter distance between the charging zone and the ground represents less electrical resistance that allows stronger discharge currents.
Fine Seismogenic Fault Structures and Complex Rupture Characteristics of the 2022 M6.8 Luding, Sichuan Earthquake Sequence Revealed by Deep Learning and Waveform Modeling
Authors: Zhao Xu , Xiao Zhuowei , Wang Wei , Li Juan , Zhao Ming , Chen Shi , Tang Lin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn approximate 236‐year interval in major seismic activity near the southern Xianshuihe fault terminated on 5 September 2022 until a destructive M6.8 Luding earthquake. The strike‐slip mainshock, accompanied by potent normal‐faulting aftershocks, fell short of the previously anticipated M7+ event. Utilizing deep‐learning and source inversion techniques, we analyzed dense near‐field seismograms to examine detailed fault structures and rupture characteristics. Our high‐quality relocated catalog with 7,388 events revealed that the earthquake ruptured an unmapped multiscale fault network. The analysis of the mainshock and 43 ML ≥ 2.8 aftershocks suggests normal‐faulting events relate to the vertical movement of the Gongga Mountain. The sequence length, seismic gaps, and asperities derived from seismicity and waveform modeling imply that the rupture of the M6.8 quake was incomplete, indicating a high risk of a future M6+ event at the northern Moxi segment. These findings hold crucial implications for assessing future seismic hazards in this region.
Variations in Physiology and Genomic Function of Prochlorococcus Across the Eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Jiang Siyu , Hashihama Fuminori , Liu Hongbin , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Takami Hideto , Hamasaki Koji , Ikhsani Idha Yulia , Obata Hajime , Saito Hiroaki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe widespread distribution of Prochlorococcus can be attributed to the extensive genetic diversity that allows them to adapt to various oligotrophic environments. We investigated the adaptation of Prochlorococcus to nutrient environments in the surface eastern Indian Ocean (EIO, 16.5°N to 20°S, 88°E) in November 2018. The growth rate of the Prochlorococcus population and its response to macronutrient enrichments () and the abundance of functional gene modules related to nutrient utilization were examined by on‐deck incubation experiments and metagenomic analysis, respectively. Although the dissolved inorganic nitrogen was depleted (∼58 nM) and the Prochlorococcus populations were dominated by the high‐light‐adapted II ecotype, Prochlorococcus populations showed distinct physiological patterns, especially the response to macronutrient enrichments, indicating their adaptation to local nutrient environments. At the northernmost station in the Bay of Bengal, the significant increase in growth rate with macronutrient enrichments and the highest abundance of the phosphate starvation response two‐component regulatory system module indicated adaptation to phosphorus‐limited environments. In the southern EIO, the insignificant increase in growth rate with macronutrient enrichment and higher abundance of the iron complex transport system module suggested adaptation to iron‐limited environments. However, genomic characteristics are not always associated with physiological characteristics. The abundance of the nitrate/nitrite transport system module was higher in the southern EIO, where the growth of Prochlorococcus relied on regenerated nitrogen sources as revealed by incubation experiments. These results reflected the complexity of Prochlorococcus adaptation especially in chronically oligotrophic environments, which was better revealed by combining physiological and genomic analyses.
Identifying Robust Changes of Extreme Precipitation in Japan From Large Ensemble 5‐km‐Grid Regional Experiments for 4K Warming Scenario
Authors: Kawase H. , Nosaka M. , Watanabe S. I. , Yamamoto K. , Shimura T. , Naka Y. , Wu Y.‐H. , Okachi H. , Hoshino T. , Ito R. , Sugimoto S. , Suzuki C. , Fukui S. , Takemi T. , Ishikawa Y. , Mori N. , Nakakita E. , Yamada T. J. , Murata A. , Nakaegawa T. , Takayabu I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the impacts of global warming on local‐scale extreme precipitation in Japan, 720‐year ensemble dynamical downscaling is conducted by a regional climate model with a 5 km grid spacing. Our dynamical downscaling is based on the large ensemble data set called the database for Policy Decision making for Future climate change (d4PDF). Comparing the historical and 4K warming climates, the annual maximum daily and hourly precipitation are enhanced over Japan due to global warming. The increasing rate of annual maximum daily precipitation is larger over the coast of the Pacific Ocean in eastern and western Japan and the northern parts of Japan. The periods in which the extreme daily precipitation increases in each region depend on the movement of the Baiu front and the number of typhoons from June through September. The 50‐year return value of the maximum 24‐hr land precipitation within 500 km of the typhoon center is 960 mm/24hr in the 5 km experiment. This value is larger by 1.87 times than that of the 20 km experiment. The rate of future increase in the 50‐year return value related to typhoons is 1.30 relative to the present values for the 5 km experiments. The local‐scale quasi‐stationary band‐shaped precipitation system, which is called senjo‐kousuitai in Japanese, sometimes brings local‐scale heavy precipitation to Japan. The senjo‐kousuitai is well reproduced in the 5 km experiments and shows increases in frequency and intensity under the 4K warming condition. This study also discusses the application of our 5 km experiments to hydrological fields.
Control of light emission of quantum emitters coupled to silicon nanoantenna using cylindrical vector beams
Authors: Montagnac Martin , Brûlé Yoann , Cuche Aurélien , Poumirol Jean-Marie , Weber Sébastien J. , Müller Jonas , Larrieu Guilhem , Larrey Vincent , Fournel Franck , Boisron Olivier , Masenelli Bruno , Colas des Francs Gérard , Agez Gonzague , Paillard Vincent 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLight emission of europium (Eu3+) ions placed in the vicinity of optically resonant nanoantennas is usually controlled by tailoring the local density of photon states (LDOS). We show that the polarization and shape of the excitation beam can also be used to manipulate light emission, as azimuthally or radially polarized cylindrical vector beam offers to spatially shape the electric and magnetic fields, in addition to the effect of silicon nanorings (Si-NRs) used as nanoantennas. The photoluminescence (PL) mappings of the Eu3+ transitions and the Si phonon mappings are strongly dependent of both the excitation beam and the Si-NR dimensions. The experimental results of Raman scattering and photoluminescence are confirmed by numerical simulations of the near-field intensity in the Si nanoantenna and in the Eu3+-doped film, respectively. The branching ratios obtained from the experimental PL maps also reveal a redistribution of the electric and magnetic emission channels. Our results show that it could be possible to spatially control both electric and magnetic dipolar emission of Eu3+ ions by switching the laser beam polarization, hence the near field at the excitation wavelength, and the electric and magnetic LDOS at the emission wavelength. This paves the way for optimized geometries taking advantage of both excitation and emission processes.
All-optical generation of static electric field in a single metal-semiconductor nanoantenna
Authors: Sun Yali , Larin Artem , Mozharov Alexey , Ageev Eduard , Pashina Olesia , Komissarenko Filipp , Mukhin Ivan , Petrov Mihail , Makarov Sergey , Belov Pavel , Zuev Dmitry 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElectric field is a powerful instrument in nanoscale engineering, providing wide functionalities for control in various optical and solid-state nanodevices. The development of a single optically resonant nanostructure operating with a charge-induced electrical field is challenging, but it could be extremely useful for novel nanophotonic horizons. Here, we show a resonant metal-semiconductor nanostructure with a static electric field created at the interface between its components by charge carriers generated via femtosecond laser irradiation. We study this field experimentally, probing it by second-harmonic generation signal, which, in our system, is time-dependent and has a non-quadratic signal/excitation power dependence. The developed numerical models reveal the influence of the optically induced static electric field on the second harmonic generation signal. We also show how metal work function and silicon surface defect density for different charge carrier concentrations affect the formation of this field. We estimate the value of optically-generated static electric field in this nanoantenna to achieve ≈108V/m. These findings pave the way for the creation of nanoantenna-based optical memory, programmable logic and neuromorphic devices.