bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast-cadence High-contrast Imaging with Information Field Theory
Authors: Roth J. , Li Causi G. , Testa V. , Arras P. , Ensslin T. A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although many exoplanets have been indirectly detected in recent years, direct imaging of them with ground-based telescopes remains challenging. In the presence of atmospheric fluctuations, it is ambitious to resolve the high brightness contrasts at the small angular separation between the star and its potential partners. Post-processing of telescope images has become an essential tool to improve the resolvable contrast ratios. This paper contributes a post-processing algorithm for fast-cadence imaging, which deconvolves sequences of telescope images. The algorithm infers a Bayesian estimate of the astronomical object, as well as the atmospheric optical path length, including its spatial and temporal structures. For this, we utilize physics-inspired models for the object, the atmosphere, and the telescope. The algorithm is computationally expensive but allows us to resolve high contrast ratios despite short observation times and no field rotation. We test the performance of the algorithm with pointlike companions synthetically injected into a real data set acquired with the SHARK-VIS pathfinder instrument at the LBT telescope. Sources with brightness ratios down to 6 × 10−4 to the star are detected at 185 mas separation with a short observation time of 0.6 s.
Using Neural Networks to Differentiate Newly Discovered BL Lacertae Objects and FSRQs among the 4FGL Unassociated Sources Employing Gamma-Ray, X-Ray, UV/Optical, and IR Data
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Kerby Stephen , Falcone Abraham D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Among the ∼2157 unassociated sources in the third data release (DR3) of the fourth Fermi catalog, ∼1200 were observed with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory pointed instruments. These observations yielded 238 high signal-to-noise ratio X-ray sources within the 95% Fermi uncertainty regions. Recently, Kerby et al. employed neural networks to find blazar candidates among these 238 X-ray counterparts to the 4FGL unassociated sources and found 112 likely blazar counterpart sources. A complete sample of blazars, along with their subclassification, is a necessary step to help understand the puzzle of the blazar sequence and for the overall completeness of the gamma-ray emitting blazar class in the Fermi catalog. We employed a multi-perceptron neural network classifier to identify flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lac objects among these 112 blazar candidates using the gamma-ray, X-ray, UV/optical, and IR properties. This classifier provided probability estimates for each source to be associated with one or the other category, such that P
fsrq represents the probability for a source to be associated with the FSRQ subclass. Using this approach, four FSRQs and 50 BL Lac objects are classified as such with >99% confidence, while the remaining 58 blazars could not be unambiguously classified as either BL Lac objects or FSRQs.
On the Cosmic Evolution of AGN Obscuration and the X-Ray Luminosity Function: XMM-Newton and Chandra Spectral Analysis of the 31.3 deg2 Stripe 82X
Authors: Peca Alessandro , Cappelluti Nico , Urry C. Megan , LaMassa Stephanie , Marchesi Stefano , Ananna Tonima Tasnim , Baloković Mislav , Sanders David , Auge Connor , Treister Ezequiel , Powell Meredith , Turner Tracey Jane , Kirkpatrick Allison , Tian Chuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present X-ray spectral analysis of XMM-Newton and Chandra observations in the 31.3 deg2 Stripe-82X (S82X) field. Of the 6181 unique X-ray sources in this field, we analyze a sample of 2937 candidate active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with solid redshifts and sufficient counts determined by simulations. Our results show an observed population with median values of spectral index

Γ
=

1.94

−
0.39

+
0.31

, column density log

N

H

/

cm

−
2

=

20.7

−
0.5

+
1.2

and intrinsic, de-absorbed, 2–10 keV luminosity log

L

X

/

erg

s

−
1

=

44.0

−
1.0

+
0.7

, in the redshift range 0–4. We derive the intrinsic, model-independent, fraction of AGNs that are obscured (

22
≤
log

N

H

/

cm

−
2

<
24

), finding a significant increase in the obscured AGN fraction with redshift and a decline with increasing luminosity. The average obscured AGN fraction is 57% ± 4% for log L
X/erg s−1 > 43. This work constrains the AGN obscuration and spectral shape of the still uncertain high-luminosity and high-redshift regimes (log L
X/erg s−1 > 45.5, z > 3), where the obscured AGN fraction rises to 64% ± 12%. We report a luminosity and density evolution of the X-ray luminosity function, with obscured AGNs dominating at all luminosities at z > 2, and unobscured sources prevailing at log L
X/erg s−1 > 45 at lower redshifts. Our results agree with the evolutionary models in which the bulk of AGN activity is triggered by gas-rich environments and in a downsizing scenario. Moreover, the black hole accretion density (BHAD) is found to evolve similarly to the star formation rate density, confirming the coevolution between AGN and host galaxy, but suggesting different timescales in their growing history. The derived BHAD evolution shows that Compton-thick AGNs contribute to the accretion history of AGNs as much as all other AGN populations combined.
The Observable Properties of Galaxy Accretion Events in Milky Way–like Galaxies in the FIRE-2 Cosmological Simulations
Authors: Horta Danny , Cunningham Emily C. , Sanderson Robyn E. , Johnston Kathryn V. , Panithanpaisal Nondh , Arora Arpit , Necib Lina , Wetzel Andrew , Bailin Jeremy , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the Λ-Cold Dark Matter model of the universe, galaxies form in part through accreting satellite systems. Previous works have built an understanding of the signatures of these processes contained within galactic stellar halos. This work revisits that picture using seven Milky Way–like galaxies in the Latte suite of FIRE-2 cosmological simulations. The resolution of these simulations allows a comparison of contributions from satellites aboveM
* ≳ 10 × 7
M
⊙, enabling the analysis of observable properties for disrupted satellites in a fully self-consistent and cosmological context. Our results show that the time of accretion and the stellar mass of an accreted satellite are fundamental parameters that in partnership dictate the resulting spatial distribution, orbital energy, and [α/Fe]-[Fe/H] compositions of the stellar debris of such mergers at present day. These parameters also govern the resulting dynamical state of an accreted galaxy at z = 0, leading to the expectation that the inner regions of the stellar halo (R
GC ≲ 30 kpc) should contain fully phase-mixed debris from both lower- and higher-mass satellites. In addition, we find that a significant fraction of the lower-mass satellites accreted at early times deposit debris in the outer halo (R
GC > 50 kpc) that are not fully phased-mixed, indicating that they could be identified in kinematic surveys. Our results suggest that, as future surveys become increasingly able to map the outer halo of our Galaxy, they may reveal the remnants of long-dead dwarf galaxies whose counterparts are too faint to be seen in situ in higher-redshift surveys.
Solar Coronal Heating Fueled by Random Bursts of Fine-scale Magnetic Reconnection in Turbulent Plasma Regions
Authors: Zou Jitong , Mao Aohua , Wang Xiaogang , Hua Yangyang , Zhou Tianchun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Coronal heating is a longstanding issue in solar physics as well as plasma physics in general. In recent years, significant resolution improvements of satellite observations have contributed to a deeper understanding of small-scale physics, e.g., magnetic reconnection processes on fine scales inside the turbulent geo-magnetosheath. Coronal plasmas feature turbulent complexity of flows and magnetic fields with similar fine scales, and thus electron magnetic reconnection is very likely to be excited in the coronal region working as one of the ways to heat the solar corona, which offers a possible new mechanism for the nanoflare model proposed by Parker. We in this paper simulate and analyze the magnetic reconnection processes on a fine scale of the electron skin depth, with a particle-in-cell treatment, and estimate its contribution to coronal heating. The result shows that the electron magnetic reconnection can provide substantial heating efficiency for heating the corona to its observed temperature, once the reconnection events are reasonably spread.
Nightside Ionospheric Structure and Composition on Mars Driven by Energetic Electron Precipitation
Authors: Wu Shiqi , Wu Xiaoshu , Cui Jun , Cao Yutian , Liao Shuxin , Lu Haoyu , Li Lei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ionospheric chemistry plays an unexpectedly important role in the evolution of planetary habitability. This study is dedicated to a detailed modeling of the nightside Martian ionospheric structure and composition, a topic that has been poorly explored due to the absence of relevant measurements, but now becomes tractable owing to the unprecedented measurements made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution. Two-stream kinetic calculations and time-dependent fluid calculations are coupled to derive the nightside density profiles at 100–300 km for a large number of ion species, assuming solar wind electron precipitation as the only viable ionizing source in the ideal nonmagnetized atmosphere. Our calculations indicate the presence of a well-defined ionospheric peak at 146 km with a peak density of 8500 cm−3, as driven by the strong atmospheric “absorption” of precipitating electrons at low altitudes. The distribution of nonterminal species is roughly under chemical equilibrium below 170 km, whereas for terminal species such as NO+ and HCO+, diffusion is effective at essentially all altitudes, in direct contrast to the dayside behavior. In the more realistic magnetized atmosphere, the ionospheric peak seldom exists due to the patchiness of electron precipitation. In particular, our model results agree fairly well with the MAVEN measurements, especially in view of the coincidence between electron depletion and thermal plasma void seen along many MAVEN orbits. Compared to the dayside, the nightside ionospheric composition has a much higher proportion of NO+ and lower proportion of CO2
+, likely indicative of nightside enhancement of atmospheric O and N.
POSYDON: A General-purpose Population Synthesis Code with Detailed Binary-evolution Simulations
Authors: Fragos Tassos , J. Andrews Jeff , Bavera Simone S. , Berry Christopher P. L. , Coughlin Scott , Dotter Aaron , Giri Prabin , Kalogera Vicky , Katsaggelos Aggelos , Kovlakas Konstantinos , Lalvani Shamal , Misra Devina , Srivastava Philipp M. , Qin Ying , Rocha Kyle A. , Román-Garza Jaime , Serra Juan Gabriel , Stahle Petter , Sun Meng , Teng Xu , Trajcevski Goce , Tran Nam Hai , Xing Zepei , Zapartas Emmanouil , Zevin Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Most massive stars are members of a binary or a higher-order stellar system, where the presence of a binary companion can decisively alter their evolution via binary interactions. Interacting binaries are also important astrophysical laboratories for the study of compact objects. Binary population synthesis studies have been used extensively over the last two decades to interpret observations of compact-object binaries and to decipher the physical processes that lead to their formation. Here, we present POSYDON, a novel, publicly available, binary population synthesis code that incorporates full stellar structure and binary-evolution modeling, using the MESA code, throughout the whole evolution of the binaries. The use of POSYDON enables the self-consistent treatment of physical processes in stellar and binary evolution, including: realistic mass-transfer calculations and assessment of stability, internal angular-momentum transport and tides, stellar core sizes, mass-transfer rates, and orbital periods. This paper describes the detailed methodology and implementation of POSYDON, including the assumed physics of stellar and binary evolution, the extensive grids of detailed single- and binary-star models, the postprocessing, classification, and interpolation methods we developed for use with the grids, and the treatment of evolutionary phases that are not based on precalculated grids. The first version of POSYDON targets binaries with massive primary stars (potential progenitors of neutron stars or black holes) at solar metallicity.
A Bias-free Cosmological Analysis with Quasars Alleviating H
0 Tension
Authors: Lenart Aleksander Łukasz , Bargiacchi Giada , Dainotti Maria Giovanna , Nagataki Shigehiro , Capozziello Salvatore 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cosmological models and their parameters are widely debated because of theoretical and observational mismatches of the standard cosmological model, especially the current discrepancy between the value of the Hubble constant, H
0, obtained by Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), and the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). Thus, considering high-redshift probes like quasars (QSOs), having intermediate redshifts between SNe Ia and CMB, is a necessary step. In this work, we use SNe Ia and the most updated QSO sample, reaching redshifts up to z ∼ 7.5, applying the Risaliti–Lusso QSO relation based on a nonlinear relation between ultraviolet and X-ray luminosities. We consider this relation both in its original form and corrected for selection biases and evolution in redshift through a reliable statistical method also accounting for the circularity problem. We also explore two approaches: with and without calibration on SNe Ia. We then investigate flat and nonflat standard cosmological models and a flat wCDM model, with a constant dark energy equation-of-state parameter w. Remarkably, when correcting for the evolution as a function of cosmology, we obtain closed constraints on Ω
M
using only noncalibrated QSOs. We find that considering noncalibrated QSOs combined with SNe Ia and accounting for the same correction, our results are compatible with a flat ΛCDM model with Ω
M
= 0.3 and H
0 = 70 km s−1 Mpc−1. Intriguingly, the H
0 values obtained are placed halfway between the one from SNe Ia and CMB, paving the way for new insights into the H
0 tension.
Les enjeux du déclin démographique de la population italienne
Authors: Vodisek David 
Published: February 2023

À compter des années 1960, selon un calendrier variable selon les pays, la fécondité s’est nettement abaissée dans tous les pays d’Europe, entrant en conséquence dans un « hiver démographique ». Ceci a notamment concerné l’Italie, désormais avec la population la plus vieillie d’Europe. Ce pays a enregistré des évolutions naturelles et migratoires, ainsi que des facteurs de causalité singuliers, d’où un quadruple questionnement : quelle a été la dynamique démographique spécifique de l’Italie ? La traditionnelle dichotomie entre le nord et le sud de l’Italie est-elle encore pertinente ? Quels éléments explicatifs ? Quelle prospective possible ? La réponse à ces questions apporte un éclairage sur les défis qui attendent l’ensemble du continent européen ces prochaines décennies.
Global boundedness of classical solutions to a Keller-Segel-Navier-Stokes system involving saturated sensitivity and indirect signal production in two dimensions
Authors: Gao Kai 
Published: February 2023

<abstract><p>This paper is concerned with the following Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes system with indirect signal production and tensor-valued sensitivity:</p>

<p><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE11111"> \begin{document}$	\left\{\begin{array}{*5{lllll }}	n_{t}+u \cdot \nabla n=\Delta n-\nabla \cdot(n S(x,n,v,w) \nabla v), \quad &amp;x \in \Omega, t&gt;0, \\	v_{t}+u \cdot \nabla v=\Delta v-v+w, \quad &amp;x \in \Omega, t&gt;0, \\	w_{t}+u \cdot \nabla w=\Delta w-w+n, \quad &amp;x \in \Omega, t&gt;0, \\	u_{t}+\kappa(u \cdot \nabla) u+\nabla P=\Delta u+n \nabla \phi, \quad &amp;x \in \Omega, t&gt;0, \\	\nabla \cdot u=0, \quad &amp;x \in \Omega, t&gt;0, \end{array}\right. \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (♡)$\end{document} </tex-math> </disp-formula></p>

<p>in a bounded domain $ \Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^2 $ with smooth boundary, where $ \kappa \in \mathbb{R} $, $ \phi \in W^{2, \infty}(\Omega) $, and $ S $ is a given function with values in $ \mathbb{R}^{2\times2} $ which satisfies $ |S(x, v, w, u)|\leq C_{S}(n+1)^{-\alpha} $ with $ C_{S} &gt; 0 $. If $ \alpha &gt; 0 $, then for any sufficiently smooth initial data, there exists a globally classical solution which is bounded for the corresponding initial-boundary value problem of system (♡).</p></abstract>
Eocene giant ants, Arctic intercontinental dispersal, and hyperthermals revisited: discovery of fossil Titanomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formiciinae) in the cool uplands of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Archibald S. Bruce , Mathewes Rolf W. , Aase Arvid 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We examine the implications for intercontinental dispersal of the extinct ant genus, Titanomyrma Archibald et al. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formiciinae), following the discovery of its first fossil in Eocene temperate upland Canada. Modern Holarctic distributions of plants and animals were in part formed by dispersals across Late Cretaceous through early Eocene Arctic land bridges. Mild winters in a microthermal Arctic would allow taxa today restricted to the tropics by cold intolerance to cross, with episodic hyperthermal events allowing tropical taxa requiring hot climates to cross. Modern ants with the largest queens inhabit low latitudes of high temperature and mild coldest months, whereas those with smaller queens inhabit a wide variety of latitudes and climates. Gigantic and smaller formiciine ants (Titanomyrma and Formicium Westwood) are known from Europe and North America in the Eocene. The new Canadian Titanomyrma inhabited a cooler upland. It is incomplete, indistinctly preserved, and distorted in fossilisation, and so we do not assign it to a species or erect a new one for it. The true size of this fossil is unclear by this distortion: small size would support gigantism in Titanomyrma requiring hot climates and dispersal during hyperthermals; if it was large, it may have been cold-winter intolerant and able to have crossed during any time when the land bridge was present.
Effect of Pipelines on Enrollment of Underrepresented Students in Healthcare
Authors: Tombers Nicole , Bauer Joe , Boraas Aaron , Lundberg Jordan , Pfeifer Rachel , Reinartz Cassidy 
Published: February 2023

Study Design:
Systematic review.

Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of pipelines in increasing enrollment of underrepresented students into graduate healthcare programs.

Materials and Methods:
Eight databases (CINAHL, Medline, Nursing and Allied Health Premium, OVID, ScienceDirect, Education Index, Proquest, Google Scholar) were searched in October 2021. Inclusion criteria: studies investigating the effect of pipeline programs on enrollment of underrepresented students in individual graduate healthcare programs within the USA. Studies evaluating a pipeline program where students went on to be enrolled at another institution were excluded. Two reviewers screened articles, extracted data and assessed study quality, with a third reviewer resolving disputes. Primary data collected was percentage of underrepresented students enrolled per cohort. Additional data included the profession of the healthcare program, entrance point into the pipeline and interventions used in the pipeline. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for pre/post studies with no control group.

Results:
After duplicates were removed, 1524 studies were evaluated, with five studies included. Following initiation of a pipeline, fifteen institutions reported increased enrollment of underrepresented students, three reported decreased enrollment, and one reported no change. All studies were of low quality for drawing associative conclusions.

Conclusion:
Pipelines may be effective at increasing underrepresented students enrolled in graduate healthcare programs. Results are limited in scope, representing only medical and dental programs, and lacking in long-term outcomes.
Dredging hand Yang meridians with deep tissue massage combined with neck movement in stiff-neck syndrome
Authors: SUN Xueguo , QI Zonghua , LIU Ying , LI Yan , DOU Xianli , ZHANG Lingyun 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study is to observe the therapeutic effects of dredging hand Yang meridian with deep tissue massage combined with neck movement on stiff-neck syndrome.

Materials and Methods:
This is a randomized controlled trial. The consecutive patients with the stiff-neck syndrome were randomly allocated into the intervention group and patch group (1:1) according to the random number table. The intervention group was treated with dredging hand Yang meridian with deep tissue massage combined with neck movement once a day for 3 days, while the patch group therapy was treated with a 3-patch therapy and every patch included 24-h patch and 24-h patch-free. A needle electromyogram would be exerted if the patients were at their willingness in different stages. The pain of patients was assessed by Visual Analog Scale in the two groups at every 24 h time point.

Results:
Finally, 212 patients completed the trial, 106 in each group. The curative rate in the intervention group was higher than in the patch group (99.06% vs. 84.91%, χ
2 = 0.890, P < 0.01). Repeated measures of the general linear model showed a significant difference in pain score within the subject-factors (factor of time F = 4548.577, P < 0.001; factor of time-group F = 490.034, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between groups regarding pain score (F = 3016.315, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Dredging hand Yang meridian with deep tissue massage combined with neck movement is better than patch therapy in stiff-neck syndrome, with a shorter duration and instant effects.
Midwives' utilization of nonpharmacological pain relief measures for labor pain management
Authors: OJONG Idang Neji , NSEMO Alberta David , AGBA Mathias 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
This study sought to examine midwives' utilization of nonpharmacological pain relief measures in labor pain management and to test the relationship between midwives' knowledge and utilization of nonpharmacological pain relief measures for labor pain management in secondary health facility in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for the study. The study was rooted in Katherine Kolcaba's Comfort theory. Totally, 67 participants were recruited for the study using the purposive sampling technique. A self-made structured questionnaire was used to obtain participants' information on knowledge, utilization, and predictors of nonpharmacological pain relief measures.

Results:
Although 41 (61.2%) of the participants had knowledge about nonpharmacological pain relief measures, few did not know some of the cognitive-behavioral and environmental measures in labor pain management. There was 35.8% (24/67) for utilization of cognitive-behavioral measures and 55.2% (37/67) for psychological/emotional measures for labor pain management by respondents, respectively. Fifty (74.6%) of respondents agreed that predictors such as lack of knowledge, lack of updates and training, work experience, best practice guidelines, and equipment were hindrances to utilization. There was statistically significance in relationship between the level of knowledge and utilization of nonpharmacological pain relief measures (r = 0.6, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The utilization of nonpharmacological measures for labor pain management is low, thus it is recommended that frequent education, training updates on effective labor pain management, provision of clinical guidelines on labor pain management, and enrichment of midwifery training curriculum are imperative to ensure quality labor pain management and positive health outcome.