bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of natural resources in financial expansion: evidence from Central Asia
Authors: Isiksal Aliya Zhakanova 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCentral Asian States (CAS) have diverse natural resources. This research aims to shed light on the finance–natural resource’s association in the context of CAS namely Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan in 1996–2020 using the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag technique. It seeks to examine the research question, “What is the effect of natural resource wealth on the financial expansion (FE) of Central Asia?” The results demonstrated an inverted U-shaped association between financial growth and natural resource rents. It implies that natural resources are initially a “resource blessing” that later becomes a “resource curse.” Additionally, the effect of institutional quality (INQ) and human development (HD) on financial growth is examined. The results reveal that INQ and HD positively affect FE. Moreover, a bidirectional causal relationship exists between FE and INQ. Finally, all variables contribute to a long term FE. Based on these outcomes, the major policy recommendations are that the CAS authorities diversify their financial services and products and direct the proceeds from natural resource rents to effective investments particularly in HD. In addition, the social and political infrastructures in CAS must be restructured to achieve a high-quality institutional environment, which is necessary to increase the role of the private sector.
Review of meningioma diagnosis and management
Authors: Hanna Chadwin , Willman Matthew , Cole Dwayne , Mehkri Yusuf , Liu Sophie , Willman Jonathan , Lucke-Wold Brandon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMeningiomas are the most common intracranial tumors in adult patients. Although the majority of meningiomas are diagnosed as benign, approximately 20% of cases are high-grade tumors that require significant clinical treatment. The gold standard for grading central nervous system tumors comes from the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the central nervous system. Treatment options also depend on the location, imaging, and histopathological features of the tumor. This review will cover diagnostic strategies for meningiomas, including 2021 updates to the World Health Organization’s grading of meningiomas. Meningioma treatment plans are variable and highly dependent on tumor grading. This review will also update the reader on developments in the treatment of meningiomas, including surgery, radiation therapy and monoclonal antibody treatment.
Evaluation of health-related quality of life and its domains in pediatric patients with cancer
Authors: Saleh Mai Sabry , Mohammed Asmaa Mahmoud , Bassiouni Dina , Mostafa Hend Helmy , Monir Zeinab Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Health-related quality of life has emerged as a significant component in pediatric oncology research during the last several decades. Measures of health-related quality of life provide a thorough assessment of the child’s response to medical therapy, disease course, and adjustment outcomes in the context of pediatric oncology.

Methods
The aim of the present study was to assess the cancer-specific health-related quality of life in cancer pediatric patients and to evaluate the contribution of its domains and some of the anthropometric, sociodemographic, and treatment-related variables on the overall quality of life, by using the PedsQL™ 3.0 Cancer Module.

Results
The study included 110 cases. The mean value of the PedsQL™ 3.0 Cancer Module score was 49.3 ± 12.0. The lowest mean score of quality of life was for the “procedure anxiety” (8.7 ± 23.9), followed by the “worry” domains (16.6 ± 28.5). Higher “frequency of hospital visits” was associated with increased feeling of pain and treatment anxiety yet decrease in suffering from nausea and vice versa. The longer period of hospital admission for more than half of the recommended treatment period was associated with reduced pain suffering on the expense of increase in feeling of worry as well as communication problems. The perceived physical appearance was better among those patients who spent a treatment period for 3–6 months when compared to those who spent a treatment period less than 3 months or more than 6 months. There was a highly significant association between all the eight-cancer-specific quality-of-life domains except the pain domain- and the overall quality-of-life log scores. Nausea problem followed by worry and cognitive problems was the most effective domains on the overall quality-of-life score.

Conclusion
Cancer pediatric patients suffered low quality of life especially for anxiety procedure and worry domains with special consideration for the impact of nausea, worry, and cognitive problems on their perception of quality of life.
Chlorzoxazone reduced the paracetamol-induced toxicity via competitive inhibition of CYP2E1-mediated metabolism
Authors: Pingili Ravindra Babu , Vemulapalli Sridhar , Gadamsetty Manideep V. V. N. , Presingu Divya , Katuri Ruthvik , Rachamsetty Vijayalakshmi , Kilaru Naveen Babu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Drug metabolism is crucial to attaining the therapeutic index of any drug. The metabolism and elimination of the drugs are governed mainly by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Cytochrome P450 (CYP). Paracetamol is mostly used as analgesic and antipyretic agent. The metabolism of paracetamol is primarily via Glucuronidation and sulphation at therapeutic doses. About 5–10% of paracetamol is metabolized via CYP mediated pathway. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is primarily responsible for forming a toxic metabolite of paracetamol called N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI). Even at therapeutic doses, long-term usage of paracetamol leads to the hepatic and nephrotoxicity because of NAPQI. Several in-vitro and in-vivo studies conducted by different research groups and reported that chlorzoxazone is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP2E1. However, the effect of chlorzoxazone on the paracetamol (CYP2E1 substrate) metabolism via the CYP2E1 has not yet been reported. This study investigated the effect of chlorzoxazone on the CYP2E1-mediated metabolism of Paracetamol and NAPQI formation in Wistar rats.

Results
For 15 days, animals were orally administered with Paracetamol (300 mg/kg) with and without Silymarin (100 mg/kg) (standard CYP2E1 inhibitor) and Chlorzoxazone (50 and 100 mg/kg). Analysis was performed using RP-HPLC on the 15th day to determine paracetamol and NAPQI concentration in the plasma. Paracetamol combination with chlorzoxazone (50 and 100 mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent increase in the AUC0–∞ and the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of Paracetamol and a dose-dependent decrease of AUC0–∞ and Cmax of NAPQI compared to paracetamol control (p < 0.001). Chlorzoxazone significantly decreased the elevated liver and renal markers compared to paracetamol control. Simultaneously, Hepatic and nephrotic tissue studies showed that compared to the paracetamol control group, the combination of chlorzoxazone significantly ameliorated paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Conclusion
Finally, this study revealed that paracetamol in combination with chlorzoxazone led to a significant decrease in the plasma levels of NAPQI and enhanced absorption of paracetamol in rats via the inhibition of CYP2E1- mediated metabolism. In addition, chlorzoxazone significantly ameliorated paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Evaluation of gastrointestinal complications in Egyptian patients after autologous stem cell transplantation using melphalan-based regimens
Authors: Abdelaty Mona Mahrous , Al-Hosiny Fatma , Mashaal Raghda Gabr 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a curative treatment for patients with hematological malignancies. Melphalan either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents is a widely used pre-transplant conditioning regimen with known gastrointestinal (GI) complications. We retrospectively evaluate the incidence and severity of GI toxicities, the possible risk factors, and their impact on transplant outcomes in 47 patients who received ASCT using melphalan-based conditioning.

Results
Median age was 50 years. Among our patients, 48.9% received melphalan at 200 mg/m2. Mucositis was developed in 93.6% of patients, nausea in 87.2% and grade 2 vomiting in 36.2% of patients. Grade 3 diarrhea was detected in 42.6%. Severe GI toxicities were associated with significantly delayed engraftment, longer hospital stay, and increased transfusion requirements but overall survival (OS) and transplant-related mortality (TRM) were not affected by the severity of GI symptoms.

Conclusion
Despite using prophylactic and supportive care, some patients developed severe GI complications following different doses of melphalan with a negative effect on some transplant outcomes. Melphalan dose or disease type was not identified as a risk factor for severe GI toxicity. Additional larger prospective studies with higher doses, different formulations, and better prophylactic measures are warranted to evaluate potential risk factors and their impact on GI toxicities.
A review—metastable β titanium alloy for biomedical applications
Authors: Pesode Pralhad , Barve Shivprakash 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTitanium and its alloys have already been widely used as implant materials due to their outstanding mechanical characteristics and biocompatibility. Notwithstanding this, researchers and businesses alike have continued to actively pursue superior alloys since there are still problems which need urgent consideration. One of these is a noteworthy difference in the implant material’s elastics modulus and that of natural bone, which result into an issue of stress shielding. With prolonged use Ti alloys releases dangerous ions. The Ti alloy surface has a low bioactivity, which prolongs the healing process. β-Ti alloys could be used as viable alternatives when creating dental implants. Additionally, β-Ti alloys characteristics, such as low Young modulus, increased strength, appropriate biocompatibility, and strong abrasion and corrosion resistance, serve as the necessary evidence. Ti alloys when altered structurally, chemically, and by thermomechanical treatment thereby enabling the creation of material which can match the requirements of a various clinical practise scenarios. Additional research is needed which can focused on identifying next century Ti alloys consisting of some more compatible phase and transforming the Ti alloys surface from intrinsically bioinert to bioactive to prevent different issues. In order to give scientific support for adopting β-Ti-based alloys as an alternative to cpTi, this paper evaluates the information currently available on the chemical, mechanical, biological, and electrochemical properties of key β-titanium alloys designed from the past few years. This article is also focusing on β-titanium alloy, its properties and performance over other type of titanium alloy such as α titanium alloys. However, in-vivo research is needed to evaluate novel β titanium alloys to support their use as cpTi alternatives.
Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a cognitive behavior therapy text-message intervention among individuals with opioid use disorder in Kenya: a randomized feasibility trial
Authors: Kiburi Sarah Kanana , Kwobah Edith Kamaru , Paruk Saeeda , Chiliza Bonginkosi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Opioid use disorder is associated with a huge burden of disease and treatment gap. Delivery of psychosocial treatment using digital platforms can bridge the treatment gap to improve treatment access among individuals with opioid use disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability, feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a text-message intervention in patients with opioid use disorder in Nairobi, Kenya.

Methods
A feasibility pilot trial was conducted at a methadone clinic in Nairobi. A text-message intervention based on cognitive behaviour therapy was delivered for six weeks compared with a control group receiving standard treatment among 46 individuals on methadone treatment (30 in intervention and 16 in control group). Follow up was at six weeks and three months. Primary outcome was reduction in opioid use and retention in treatment. Implementation outcomes assessed were acceptability and feasibility of the intervention.

Results
The participants comprised 89.1% male with a mean age of 32 years (SD 8.7). There was a reduction in opioid use among all the participants post-intervention with higher reduction in the intervention group compared the control group with prevalence of opioid use at 35.7% and 56.3%, respectively although there was no statistically significance difference. Retention in methadone was 93.3% at six weeks and 83.3% at 3 months follow up among participants in the intervention group. High acceptability and satisfaction were reported with the intervention based on quantitative assessment post-intervention.

Conclusion
Results from this pilot feasibility study suggest that a text message intervention is acceptable and scan be implemented in substance use disorder treatment with promising effect in improving outcomes. Further research using a larger sample size is recommended.

Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: Registration number: PACTR202201736072847. Date of registration: 10/01/2022.
Remote Activity Monitoring and Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes Collection During Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ohri Nitin , Bar-Ad Voichita , Fernandez Christian , Rakowski Christine , Leiby Benjamin E. , Hoeltzel Gerard , Sung Anna , Zubair Nida , Henao Camilo , Dicker Adam P. 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE Modern wearable devices provide objective and continuous activity data that could be leveraged to enhance cancer care. We prospectively studied the feasibility of monitoring physical activity using a commercial wearable device and collecting electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) during radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). METHODS Patients planned for a course of external beam RT with curative intent for HNC were instructed to use a commercial fitness tracker throughout the RT course. During weekly clinic visits, physician-scored adverse events were recorded during using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0, and patients completed ePRO surveys using a clinic tablet or computer. Feasibility of activity monitoring was defined as collection of step data for at least 80% of the RT course for at least 80% of patients. Exploratory analyses described associations between step counts, ePROs, and clinical events. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients with HNC were enrolled and had analyzable data. Overall, step data were recorded on 70% of the days during patients' RT courses, and there were only 11 patients (38%) for whom step data were collected on at least 80% of days during RT. Mixed effects linear regression models demonstrated declines in daily step counts and worsening of most PROs during RT. Cox proportional hazards models revealed a potential association between high daily step counts and both reduced risk of feeding tube placement (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87 per 1,000 steps, P < .001) and reduced risk of hospitalization (HR, 0.60 per 1,000 steps, P < .001). CONCLUSION We did not achieve our feasibility end point, suggesting that rigorous workflows are required to achieve continuous activity monitoring during RT. Although limited by a modest sample size, our findings are consistent with previous reports indicating that wearable device data can help identify patients who are at risk for unplanned hospitalization.
Higher-order dynamics in the replicator equation produce a limit cycle in rock-paper-scissors
Authors: Griffin Christopher , Wu Rongling 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recent work has shown that pairwise interactions may not be sufficient to fully model ecological dynamics in the wild. In this letter, we consider a replicator dynamic that takes both pairwise and triadic interactions into consideration using a rank-three tensor. We study these new nonlinear dynamics using a generalized rock-paper-scissors game whose dynamics are well understood in the standard replicator sense. We show that the addition of higher-order dynamics leads to the creation of a subcritical Hopf bifurcation and consequently an unstable limit cycle. It is known that this kind of behaviour cannot occur in the pairwise replicator in any three-strategy games, showing the effect higher-order interactions can have on the resulting dynamics of the system. We numerically characterize parameter regimes in which limit cycles exist and discuss possible ways to generalize this approach to studying higher-order interactions.
Pattern formation and transport for externally driven active matter on periodic substrates
(a)
Authors: Reichhardt C. , Reichhardt C. J. O. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We investigate the transport of interacting active run-and-tumble particles moving under an external drift force through a periodic array of obstacles for increasing drive amplitudes. For high activity where the system forms a motility-induced phase-separated state, there are several distinct dynamic phases including a low drive pinned cluster phase, an intermediate uniform fluid, and a higher drive stripe crystal state. The transitions between the phases are correlated with signatures in the transport curves, differential mobility, and power spectra of the velocity fluctuations. In contrast, in the low activity regime the transport curves and power spectra undergo little change as a function of drive. We argue that in the high activity limit, the behavior is similar to that of driven solids on periodic substrates, while in the low activity limit the system behaves like a driven fluid.
Reconstructing the pressure field around swimming fish using a physics-informed neural network
Authors: Calicchia Michael A. , Mittal Rajat , Seo Jung-Hee , Ni Rui 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Fish detect predators, flow conditions, environments and each other through pressure signals. Lateral line ablation is often performed to understand the role of pressure sensing. In the present study, we propose a non-invasive method for reconstructing the instantaneous pressure field sensed by a fish's lateral line system from two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The method uses a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to predict an optimized solution for the pressure field near and on the fish's body that satisfies both the Navier–Stokes equations and the constraints put forward by the PIV measurements. The method was validated using a direct numerical simulation of a swimming mackerel, Scomber scombrus, and was applied to experimental data of a turning zebrafish, Danio rerio. The results demonstrate that this method is relatively insensitive to the spatio-temporal resolution of the PIV measurements and accurately reconstructs the pressure on the fish's body.
Evaluation of glymphatic system activity by diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) in dementia patients
Authors: Liang Tian , Chang Feiyan , Huang Zhenguo , Peng Dantao , Zhou Xiao , Liu Weifang 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:Dementia is a clinical syndrome caused by multiple etiologies, usually manifests with progressive and diffuse brain dysfunction. The activity of the human glymphatic system was evaluated in cases of dementia by the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS).Methods:We recruited 28 healthy subjects and 77 patients, including 38 with Alzheimer’s disease (AD),18 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 28 with normal controls (NC) and 21 with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). All participants underwent DTI scanning. Diffusivities in the X, Y and Z axes were obtained in the lateral ventricle body plane of all subjects. We assessed the diffusivity along the perivascular spaces, as well as projection fibers and association fibers, respectively, in order to acquire an DTI-ALPS-index and correlated them with mini mental state examination (MMSE) and montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA) scores using partial correlation which the influence of age was controlled.Results:The AD, MCI, and VCI patients showed significantly lower DTI-ALPS-index (p < 0.001) compared to the NC. Besides, the VCI group had significantly higher DTI-ALPS-index than the AD group (p = 0.007). There was a significant positive correlation between DTI-ALPS-index and MMSE and MOCA scores (the effect of age was controlled), showing that lower water diffusivity along the perivascular spaces associated with dementia.The higher Dzassoc led to the reduced DTI-ALPS-index in VCI, while lower Dxassoc contributed to the decrease of DTI-ALPS-index in AD.Conclusion:The evaluation of DTI-ALPS demonstrates impairment of the glymphatic system in dementia patients by decreased DTI-ALPS-index. Different from AD, the VCI patients show glymphatic drainage disorder rather than glymphatic system impairment.Advances in knowledge:This article comprehensively covers several types of dementia and performs the comparison of VCI, AD and MCI in glymphatic system dysfunction.
Asymptotic Optimality of Constant-Order Policies in Joint Pricing and Inventory Models
Authors: Chen Xin , Stolyar Alexander L. , Xin Linwei 
Published: April 2023

We consider a classic joint pricing and inventory control problem with lead times, which is extensively studied in the literature but is notoriously difficult to solve because of the complex structure of the optimal policy. In this work, rather than analyzing the optimal policy, we propose a class of constant-order dynamic pricing policies, which are fundamentally different from base-stock list price policies, the primary emphasis in the existing literature. Under such a policy, a constant-order amount of new inventory is ordered every period, and a pricing decision is made based on the inventory level. The policy is independent of the lead time. We prove that the best constant-order dynamic pricing policy is asymptotically optimal as the lead time grows large, which is exactly the setting in which the problem becomes computationally intractable because of the curse of dimensionality. As our main methodological contributions, we establish the convergence to a long-run average random yield inventory model with zero lead time and ordering capacities by its discounted counterpart as the discount factor goes to one, nontrivially extending the previous results in Federgruen and Yang that analyze a similar model but without capacity constraints. Funding: Research of X. Chen and L. Xin was partly supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI-1635160].