bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifeature analysis of age‐related microbiome structures reveals defense mechanisms of Populus tomentosa trees
Authors: Xie Jianbo , Ma Yuchao , Li Xian , Wu Jiadong , Martin Francis , Zhang Deqiang 
Published: March 2023

Summary

Root microbiota composition shifts during the development of most annual plants. Although some perennial plants can live for centuries, the host–microbiome partnerships and interaction mechanisms underlying their longevity remain unclear.

To address this gap, we investigated age‐related changes in the root metabolites, transcriptomes, and microbiome compositions of 1‐ to 35‐yr‐old Populus tomentosa trees.

Ten co‐response clusters were obtained according to their accumulation patterns, and members of each cluster displayed a uniform and clear pattern of abundance. Multi‐omics network analysis demonstrated that the increased abundance of Actinobacteria with tree age was strongly associated with the flavonoid biosynthesis. Using genetic approaches, we demonstrate that the flavonoid biosynthesis regulator gene Transparent Testa 8 is associated with the recruitment of flavonoid‐associated Actinobacteria. Further inoculation experiments of Actinobacteria isolates indicated that their colonization could significantly improve the host's phenotype. Site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that the hyBl gene cluster, involved in biosynthesis of an aminocyclitol hygromycin B analog in Streptomyces isolate bj1, is associated with disease suppression.

We hypothesize that interactions between perennial plants and soil microorganisms lead to gradual enrichment of a subset of microorganisms that may harbor a wealth of currently unknown functional traits.
Acceptability of a novel suicide prevention psychological therapy for people who experience non‐affective psychosis
Authors: Harris Kamelia , Gooding Patricia A. , Awenat Yvonne , Haddock Gillian , Cook Leanne , Huggett Charlotte , Jones Steven , Lobban Fiona , Peeney Ellen , Pratt Daniel , Peters Sarah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesSuicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. People experiencing psychosis are at increased risk of death by suicide. Talking therapies can alleviate suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts. Therapies need to also be acceptable to recipients. The aim of this study was to investigate the views on psychological therapy for people experiencing psychosis and suicidality using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.DesignQualitative interview study.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a randomised controlled trial comparing suicide prevention psychological therapy with treatment as usual. Individuals had a diagnosis of non‐affective psychosis and experience of suicidal thoughts, plans and/or attempts. To assess the acceptability of the therapy, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants randomised to receive therapy. Data were deductively analysed using an adaptation of the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.ResultsInterviews (Mean = 45 min) were conducted and audio recorded with 21 participants. Data were organised into six themes: 1. Affective attitude, 2. Burden, 3. Alliance, 4. Intervention coherence, 5. Perceived effectiveness, and 6. Self‐efficacy. There was no evidence of issues relating to domains of ethicality and opportunity costs associated with receiving therapy.ConclusionsTalking about suicide was difficult and, at times, distressing, but it was perceived to be useful for understanding experiences. To be acceptable, it is important for therapists to ensure that clients' understanding of therapy aligns with expectations of effectiveness and to invest in building strong therapeutic alliances. Future research will benefit from examining therapists' experiences of delivering therapy through different modes (e.g. online, telephone).
Understory plant communities fail to recover species diversity after excluding deer for nearly 20 years
Authors: Knauer Aaron , Betras Tiffany , Royo Alejandro A. , Diggins Thomas P. , Carson Walter P. 
Published: March 2023

White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) have been overabundant in eastern North America for more than five decades, resulting in depauperate understories and ricocheting effects on higher trophic levels. Even after deer populations are reduced, understory plant communities may fail to recover for an unknown length of time due to persistent legacy effects. We surveyed understory plant communities in six deer exclosures and paired reference plots in northwestern Pennsylvania to determine the degree to which 19 years of deer exclusion was sufficient for recovery of species richness, diversity, percent cover, and understory structural complexity. We observed a 2.3-fold increase in tree cover and a 60% reduction in fern cover in the ground layer, as well as a 114-fold increase in foliage density between 80 and 200 cm above ground level, in exclosures compared to reference plots. However, the exclosures did not permanently support higher overall percent cover, species richness, or diversity in the ground layer, nor did we detect any meaningful divergence in community composition between exclosures and reference plots. We conclude that 19 years of release from chronic over-browsing are sufficient to restore understory structural complexity, but recovery of diversity in the ground layer will require more time or direct intervention.
Deep Transcriptome Profiling of Multiple Myeloma Using Quantitative Phenotypes
Authors: Griffin Rosalie , Hanson Heidi A. , Avery Brian J. , Madsen Michael J. , Sborov Douglas W. , Camp Nicola J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
Transcriptome studies are gaining momentum in genomic epidemiology, and the need to incorporate these data in multivariable models alongside other risk factors brings demands for new approaches.

Methods:
Here we describe SPECTRA, an approach to derive quantitative variables that capture the intrinsic variation in gene expression of a tissue type. We applied the SPECTRA approach to bulk RNA sequencing from malignant cells (CD138+) in patients from the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation CoMMpass study.

Results:
A set of 39 spectra variables were derived to represent multiple myeloma cells. We used these variables in predictive modeling to determine spectra-based risk scores for overall survival, progression-free survival, and time to treatment failure. Risk scores added predictive value beyond known clinical and expression risk factors and replicated in an external dataset. Spectrum variable S5, a significant predictor for all three outcomes, showed pre-ranked gene set enrichment for the unfolded protein response, a mechanism targeted by proteasome inhibitors which are a common first line agent in multiple myeloma treatment. We further used the 39 spectra variables in descriptive modeling, with significant associations found with tumor cytogenetics, race, gender, and age at diagnosis; factors known to influence multiple myeloma incidence or progression.

Conclusions:
Quantitative variables from the SPECTRA approach can predict clinical outcomes in multiple myeloma and provide a new avenue for insight into tumor differences by demographic groups.

Impact:
The SPECTRA approach provides a set of quantitative phenotypes that deeply profile a tissue and allows for more comprehensive modeling of gene expression with other risk factors.
Diet Quality and All-Cause Mortality in Women with Breast Cancer from the Breast Cancer Family Registry
Authors: Haslam Danielle E. , John Esther M. , Knight Julia A. , Li Zhongyu , Buys Saundra S. , Andrulis Irene L. , Daly Mary B. , Genkinger Jeanine M. , Terry Mary Beth , Zhang Fang Fang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
The impact of diet on breast cancer survival remains inconclusive. We assessed associations of all-cause mortality with adherence to the four diet quality indices: Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Alternative Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH).

Methods:
Dietary intake data were evaluated for 6,157 North American women enrolled in the Breast Cancer Family Registry who had been diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 1993 to 2011 and were followed through 2018. Pre-diagnosis (n = 4,557) or post-diagnosis (n = 1,600) dietary intake was estimated through a food frequency questionnaire. During a median follow-up time of 11.3 years, 1,265 deaths occurred. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted HR and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
Women in the highest versus lowest quartile of adherence to the HEI-2015, AHEI, aMED, and DASH indices had a lower risk of all-cause mortality. HR (95% CI) were 0.88 (0.74–1.04; Ptrend = 0.12) for HEI-2015; 0.82 (0.69–0.97; Ptrend = 0.02) for AHEI; 0.73 (0.59–0.92; Ptrend = 0.02) for aMED; and 0.78 (0.65–0.94; Ptrend = 0.006) for DASH. In subgroup analyses, the associations with higher adherence to the four indices were similar for pre- or post-diagnosis dietary intake and were confined to women with a body mass index &lt;25 kg/m2 and women with hormone receptor positive tumors.

Conclusions:
Higher adherence to the HEI-2015, AHEI, aMED, and DASH indices was associated with lower mortality among women with breast cancer.

Impact:
Adherence to a healthy diet may improve survival of women with breast cancer.
Association of Home‐Based Cardiac Rehabilitation With Lower Mortality in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Results From the Veterans Health Administration Healthy Heart Program
Authors: Krishnamurthi Nirupama , Schopfer David W. , Shen Hui , Rohrbach Gregory , Elnaggar Abdelaziz , Whooley Mary A. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Home‐based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) and traditional facility‐based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs have similar effects on mortality in clinical trials and meta‐analyses. However, the effect of HBCR on mortality in clinical practice settings is less clear. Therefore, we sought to compare mortality rates in HBCR participants versus nonparticipants.

Methods and Results

We evaluated all patients who were referred to and eligible for outpatient CR between 2013 and 2018 at the San Francisco Veterans Health Administration. Patients who chose to attend facility‐based CR and those who died within 30 days of hospitalization were excluded. Patients who chose to participate in HBCR received up to 9 telephonic coaching and motivational interviewing sessions over 12 weeks. All patients were followed through June 30, 2021. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models with inverse probability treatment weighting to compare mortality in HBCR participants versus nonparticipants. Of the 1120 patients (mean age 68, 98% male, 76% White) who were referred and eligible, 490 (44%) participated in HBCR. During a median follow‐up of 4.2 years, 185 patients (17%) died. Mortality was lower among the 490 HBCR participants versus the 630 nonparticipants (12% versus 20%;
P
<0.01). In an inverse probability weighted Cox regression analysis adjusted for patient demographics and comorbid conditions, the hazard of mortality remained 36% lower among HBCR participants versus nonparticipants (hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.45–0.90],
P
=0.01).

Conclusions
Among patients eligible for CR, participation in HBCR was associated with 36% lower hazard of mortality. Although unmeasured confounding can never be eliminated in an observational study, our findings suggest that HBCR may benefit patients who cannot attend traditional CR programs.
Interdecadal Variability of the Meridional Wind across the Eastern Equatorial Pacific and Its Relationship with ENSO
Authors: Wang Hao , Zheng Xiao-Tong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The interdecadal variability of cross-equatorial meridional winds in the eastern Pacific (VEP), which has been shown to correlate with the amplitude of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the interdecadal time scale, is investigated using long-term observations and 22 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Both observations and models exhibit a tight negative correlation between interannual variations of VEP and ENSO, and this relationship is synchronized with the interdecadal variability of VEP. In long-term observations, ENSO amplitude modulation is still seen to be out-of-phase with interdecadal variability of VEP. This relationship, however, is substantially underestimated among CMIP6 models, particularly in the historical simulations. The interdecadal variability of VEP is associated with both the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) in observations. However, most CMIP6 preindustrial control (PI-control) experiments have no link between the VEP and AMO. In contrast, in historical simulations, the multimodel mean of interdecadal VEP shows a significant fluctuation with AMO around the 1980s, which might be caused by the anthropogenic aerosol forcing. Consequently, the interdecadal variation of the AMO–VEP relationship is likely a response to external forcing while the IPO–VEP relationship is mainly modulated by internal climate variability. Another plausible factor causing the weak AMO–VEP relationship in PI-control runs is the unrealistic relationship between modeled SSTs in the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic. Furthermore, model biases in the tropical Pacific may account for the weak relationship between interdecadal VEP and ENSO amplitude in CMIP6 models.
Urban youth perceptions of sports and energy drinks: Insights for health promotion messaging
Authors: Maloney Erin K , Bleakley Amy , Stevens Robin , Ellithorpe Morgan , Jordan Amy 
Published: March 2023

Background: In the USA, lower income minority ethnic children and teenagers report high consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, which cause dental erosion and dental carries, and play a significant role in overweight, obesity and diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to examine urban adolescents’ beliefs about sports and energy drinks to identify factors for health messaging to discourage youth consumption. Design: Focus group study involves 34 adolescents in urban areas (12 women, 12 men and 10 unreported sex; 19 Hispanic, 11 non-Hispanic Black, 2 Asian and 2 unknown race or ethnicity). Setting: Four focus groups were conducted with adolescents in urban areas. Method: Each on-time moderated group discussion was structured to generate an inventory of attitudinal, normative and efficacy beliefs associated with sports and energy drink consumption and reduction. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Attitudinal and normative beliefs were more positive towards sports drink consumption and energy drink reduction. Misperceptions about the need for sports drinks to avoid dehydration during physical activity were evident. Product accessibility and advertising pervasiveness were facilitators influencing consumption and barriers to reduction for both products. Conclusion: Results highlight important differences in perceptions about sports and energy drinks that indicate the need for different approaches and messages for interventions designed to curb consumption of these products. Recommendations for message design are provided.
Anterior basal left ventricular pseudoaneurysm in a single vessel disease
Authors: Rumbinaitė Eglė , Venckus Vilius , Mamedov Arslan , Jakuškaitė Gabrielė , Bučius Paulius , Dobilienė Olivija , Žaliūnas Remigijus , Jakuška Povilas , Benetis Rimantas 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare but serious clinicopathologic entity. Materials and results This article describes a case report of 51-year-old man who experienced recurrence of chest pain and dyspnea 4 months later after anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction of first diagonal branch. Anterior basal left ventricular pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed and successful surgical treatment was performed. One year after operation, patient has no cardiovascular events and remains in NYHA class II. Conclusion Cardiac magnetic resonance should be performed, if there is a suspicion of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm from transthoracic echocardiography. Surgery is the treatment of choice in case of left ventricular pseudoaneuryms because untreated lesions carry a significantly high risk of rupture.
Managing digital assets on death and disability: An examination of the determinants of digital asset planning literacy
Authors: Steen Adam , Graves Chris , D’Alessandro Steven , Shi Henry X. 
Published: March 2023

Despite its increasing importance, digital financial literacy (DFL) is yet to be adequately understood. This article reports on one aspect of DFL, namely, digital asset planning literacy (DAPL) which is an individual’s awareness of what happens to their digital assets on their death or incapacity. Our results from Australia and Singapore suggest that single, less-educated women are less likely to possess DAPL, and that the number of digital assets is negatively associated with DAPL, while having a Will is positively related to DAPL. With this study, we put forward that financial education should include consumer rights regarding digital financial assets. JEL Classification: D14; G53; G50; J12; J16
Epicranial headaches part 2: Nummular headache and epicrania fugax
Authors: Cuadrado María-Luz 
Published: March 2023

Background Nummular headache and epicrania fugax are two primary headaches that fall under the heading of epicranial headaches. Methods This article reviews the epidemiological and clinical features of nummular headache and epicrania fugax, proposed pathogenic mechanisms and state-of-the-art management, according to the literature. Results and conclusions Nummular headache and epicrania fugax are generally viewed as rare headache disorders, but no population-based epidemiological data are available. Nummular headache is characterized by continuous or intermittent head pain, which remains circumscribed in a round or oval area of the scalp, typically one to six centimeters in diameter. Epicrania fugax manifests with brief paroxysms of pain that move along the surface of the head, following a linear or zigzag trajectory through different nerve territories. Nummular headache and epicrania fugax are mostly primary headaches, but some secondary cases have been reported. The pathogenesis of these headaches is not fully understood. Nummular headache could probably originate in epicranial tissues or adjacent intracranial structures, while the origin of epicrania fugax could be extracranial or intracranial. Diagnostic assessment requires careful examination of the symptomatic areas. Underlying disorders should be excluded by additional investigations, including neuroimaging and appropriate blood tests. No controlled clinical trials have been conducted in nummular headache or epicrania fugax. Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, botulinum toxin and gabapentin are currently the most recommended treatment options for nummular headache. In epicrania fugax, the most used treatments are gabapentin, lamotrigine, and other antiseizure medications.
An altered reward system characterizes chronic migraine with medication overuse headache
Authors: Niddam David M , Wu Shih-Wei , Lai Kuan-Lin , Yang Yun-Yen , Wang Yen-Fang , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: March 2023

Background Medication overuse headache shares several characteristics with substance use disorders. However, key features of substance use disorders such as increased impulsivity and alterations in reward processing remain little explored in medication overuse headache. Methods Temporal discounting and impulsive decision making behavior and the associated brain mechanisms were assessed in 26 chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache and in 28 healthy controls. Regions-of-interest analyses were first performed for task-related regions, namely the ventral striatum and the ventromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices. Resting-state functional connectivity between these regions were then explored. An additional 27 chronic migraine patients without medication overuse headache were included for comparison in the latter analysis. Results Patients with medication overuse headache showed steeper temporal discounting behavior than healthy controls. They also showed weaker subjective value representations in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, when accepting larger delayed rewards, and in ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, when accepting the smaller immediate reward. Resting-state functional connectivity was reduced among the valuation regions when comparing patients with medication overuse headache to the other two control groups. Conclusions Patients with medication overuse headache were characterized by altered processing and dysconnectivity in the reward system during intertemporal choices and in the resting-state.
Functional results and return to sports on recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic; Comparative retrospective study and short-term results
Authors: Gómez Diego J , Veloz Serrano Daniel , Moya Daniel , Crosa Juan I , Cullari Matias L , Taleb Juan P , Quiroga Gonzalo , Maya Xavier A , Muratore Álvaro 
Published: March 2023

Aims Our objective is to compare the functional results in patients that underwent surgery for recurrent anterior shoulder instability (RAGHI) during the COVID-19 pandemic with remotely-based rehabilitation, to those who had surgery before the pandemic and had in-person rehabilitation therapy. Methods A retrospective case series of 68 patients were included and divided into two groups: In person-group and Home-based group. Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) scores were used to evaluate objective and subjective clinical parameters. Time and level of return to sports was studied by the Subjective Patient Outcome for Return to Sports (SPORTS) score. Results The mean SSV score was 82% (40–100) on the In-Person group compared with 87% (65–100) for the Home-Based group. Results for WOSI score were similar, with an average of 210.42 (90%) for In-Person and 261.45 (88%) for the Home-Based group ( p 0.12). Return to sports was carried out in an average of 6.6 (4–16) months for In-Person group, compared to 6.5 (5–8) months for Home-Based. Conclusion Follow-up and rehabilitation methods for patients who underwent surgery for RAGHI, during COVID-19 lockdown, were not significantly ( p 0.12) affected on functional and athletic return in comparison to traditional methods according to WOSI scale. Level of evidence IV Retrospective series of cases