bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controls on shallow gas distribution, migration, and associated geohazards in the Yangtze subaqueous delta and the Hangzhou Bay
Authors: Song Lei , Fan Daidu , Su Jianfeng , Guo Xingjie 
Published: February 2023

Shallow gas is generally extensively distributed in the Holocene muddy sediments and gas seepage has been increasingly reported to induce geohazards in coastal seas, but controls on gas distribution and migration remain elusive. This study explores gas distribution and migration in the Yangtze subaqueous delta and the Hangzhou Bay using high-resolution acoustic profiles and core data. Shallow gas is widely detected by the common presence of acoustic anomalous reflections including enhanced reflection, gas chimney, bright spot, acoustic blanking, and acoustic turbidity. The gas front depth is generally less than 17.5 m, and is meanly shallower in the Hangzhou Bay than in the Yangtze subaqueous delta because of relatively shallower water depth and coarser Holocene sediments in the Hangzhou Bay. Shallow gas is inferred to be a biogenic product, and its distribution is highly contingent on the Holocene stratal thickness and water depth. Active gas migration and seepages are evident, and recently increasing occurrences of gas seepage can be ascribed to global warming and seabed erosion due to sediment deficit. The findings warn us to pay more attention to the positive feedback loops of gas seepages with global warming and seabed erosion for the associated geohazard prediction and reduction, typically in the highly developed coastal regions.
Determining the ability to differentiate results between independent sun protection factor tests using the ISO24444 method
Authors: Bacardit Aleix 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe sun protection factor has nowadays become a familiar metric to understand sunscreen effectiveness. This value is displayed on the label of sunscreens and it is established by translating the results obtained from standardized testing methods to regulatory labeling criteria. The ISO24444, a widely accepted method to measure the sun protection factor, is designed to determine the validity of a single test, but it lacks criteria to compare results and many regulators only endorse the method as a valid means to label sunscreens. This supposes a challenge for manufacturers and regulators routinely using the method to take decisions on product labeling when confronted with disparate results for the same product.MethodsAnalytical review of the statistical criteria used by the method to determine test validity.ResultsFor the same product, results from independent tests (of 10 subjects each) separated less than ×1.73 can be considered as the same from the point of view of compliance to the standard.ConclusionThis range of sun protection factor values far exceeds the ranges for labeling and categorizing sunscreens as per current regulations and thus opens the possibility that sunscreens are unknowingly mislabeled. These findings can be summarized in a “discriminability map” to assist comparing results from different tests and to better inform the labeling of sunscreen products and thus increase confidence to prescribers and consumers.
A novel digital biomarker of sarcopenia in frail elderly: New combination of gait parameters under dual-task walking
Authors: Zhou Zheping , Huang Yulun , Wang Jing , Su Huan , Tang Haiying , Wang Yueju 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundFrailty caused by deterioration in multiple physiological systems has led to a significant increase in adverse events such as falls, disability, and death in frail older people. Similar to frailty, sarcopenia, defined as loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, is tightly related to mobility disorders, falls, and fractures. With population aging, co-occurrences of frailty and sarcopenia are increasingly common in the elderly, which are more deleterious for the health and independence of older adults. But the high similarity and overlap between the frailty and sarcopenia increase the difficulty of early recognition of frailty with sarcopenia. The purpose of this study is to use detailed gait assessment to determine the more convenient and sensitive digital biomarker of sarcopenia in the frail population.MethodsNinety-five frail elderly people (age = 86 ± 7 years old, BMI, and body mass index = 23.21 ± 3.40 kg/m2) were screened out by the evaluation of Fried criteria. Then, 41 participants (46%) were identified with sarcopenia, and 51 participants (54%) were identified without sarcopenia. Using a validated wearable platform, participants’ gait performance was evaluated under single-task and dual-task (DT). Participants walked back and forth on the 7-m-long trail for 2 min at a habitual speed. Gait parameters of interest include cadence, gait cycle duration, step duration, gait speed, variability of gait speed, stride length, turn duration, and steps in turn.ResultsOur results showed that compared with the frail elderly without sarcopenia, the gait performance of the sarcopenic group in single-task and dual-task walking was worse. Overall, the parameters with high performance were the gait speed (DT) (OR 0.914; 95% CI 0.868–0.962) and turn duration (DT) (OR 7.907; 95% CI 2.401–26.039) under dual-task conditions, and the AUC in distinguishing between frail older adults with and without sarcopenia was 0.688 and 0.736, respectively. Turn duration in dual-task testing had larger observed effect than gait speed to identify sarcopenia in the frail population, this result remained significant even after controlling for potential confounds. When gait speed (DT) and turn duration (DT) were combined in the model, AUC increased from 0.688 to 0.763.ConclusionThis study shows that gait speed and turn duration under dual-task are good predictors of sarcopenia in frail elderly, and turn duration (DT) has a better predictive ability. The gait speed (DT) combined with turn duration (DT) is a potential gait digital Biomarker of sarcopenia in the frail elderly. Dual-task gait assessment and detailed gait indexes provide important value for identification of sarcopenia in frail elderly people.
Neurological scoring and gait kinematics to assess functional outcome in an ovine model of ischaemic stroke
Authors: Sorby-Adams Annabel J. , Marian Oana C. , Bilecki Isabella M. , Elms Levi E. , Camargo Jonathan , Hall Kelly , Crowther Robert G. , Leonard Anna V. , Wadsworth George I. , Spear Joshua H. , Turner Renée J. , Jones Claire F. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundAssessment of functional impairment following ischaemic stroke is essential to determine outcome and efficacy of intervention in both clinical patients and pre-clinical models. Although paradigms are well described for rodents, comparable methods for large animals, such as sheep, remain limited. This study aimed to develop methods to assess function in an ovine model of ischaemic stroke using composite neurological scoring and gait kinematics from motion capture.MethodsMerino sheep (n = 26) were anaesthetised and subjected to 2 hours middle cerebral artery occlusion. Animals underwent functional assessment at baseline (8-, 5-, and 1-day pre-stroke), and 3 days post-stroke. Neurological scoring was carried out to determine changes in neurological status. Ten infrared cameras measured the trajectories of 42 retro-reflective markers for calculation of gait kinematics. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 3 days post-stroke to determine infarct volume. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC's) were used to assess the repeatability of neurological scoring and gait kinematics across baseline trials. The average of all baselines was used to compare changes in neurological scoring and kinematics at 3 days post-stroke. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the relationship between neurological score, gait kinematics, and infarct volume post-stroke.ResultsNeurological scoring was moderately repeatable across baseline trials (ICC &gt; 0.50) and detected marked impairment post-stroke (p &lt; 0.05). Baseline gait measures showed moderate to good repeatability for the majority of assessed variables (ICC &gt; 0.50). Following stroke, kinematic measures indicative of stroke deficit were detected including an increase in stance and stride duration (p &lt; 0.05). MRI demonstrated infarction involving the cortex and/or thalamus (median 2.7 cm3, IQR 1.4 to 11.9). PCA produced two components, although association between variables was inconclusive.ConclusionThis study developed repeatable methods to assess function in sheep using composite scoring and gait kinematics, allowing for the evaluation of deficit 3 days post-stroke. Despite utility of each method independently, there was poor association observed between gait kinematics, composite scoring, and infarct volume on PCA. This suggests that each of these measures has discreet utility for the assessment of stroke deficit, and that multimodal approaches are necessary to comprehensively characterise functional impairment.
High vagally mediated resting-state heart rate variability is associated with superior working memory function
Authors: Zeng Jia , Meng Jiao , Wang Chen , Leng Wenwu , Zhong Xiaoke , Gong Anmin , Bo Shumin , Jiang Changhao 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundHeart rate variability (HRV), a cardiac vagal tone indicator, has been proven to predict performance on some cognitive tasks that rely on the prefrontal cortex. However, the relationship between vagal tone and working memory remains understudied. This study explores the link between vagal tone and working memory function, combined with behavioral tasks and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).MethodsA total of 42 undergraduate students were tested for 5-min resting-state HRV to obtain the root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD) data, and then divided into high and low vagal tone groups according to the median of rMSSD data. The two groups underwent the n-back test, and fNIRS was used to measure the neural activity in the test state. ANOVA and the independent sample t-test were performed to compare group mean differences, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis.ResultsThe high vagal tone group had a shorter reaction time, higher accuracy, lower inverse efficiency score, and lower oxy-Hb concentration in the bilateral prefrontal cortex in the working memory tasks state. Furthermore, there were associations between behavioral performance, oxy-Hb concentration, and resting-state rMSSD.ConclusionOur findings suggest that high vagally mediated resting-state HRV is associated with working memory performance. High vagal tone means a higher efficiency of neural resources, beneficial to presenting a better working memory function.
Screening of heat stress-regulating active fractions in mung beans
Authors: Feng Yuchao , Fan Xia , Suo Dengcheng , Zhang Shu , Ma Yantao , Wang Haoyu , Guan Xin , Yang Hongzhi , Wang Changyuan 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionHeat stress caused by high temperatures has important adverse effects on the safety and health status of humans and animals, and dietary interventions to alleviate heat stress in daily life are highly feasible.MethodsIn this study, the components of mung bean that have heat stress-regulating effects were characterized by in vitro antioxidant indicators and heat stress cell models.ResultsAs a result, 15 target monomeric polyphenol fractions were identified based on untargeted analysis on an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with high field quadrupole orbit high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-HF-HRMS) platform and available reports. The results of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging showed that mung bean polyphenols (crude extract) and 15 monomeric polyphenols had better antioxidant activity, followed by oil and mung bean peptides, while protein and polysaccharides had relatively poor antioxidant activity. Qualitative and quantitative assays for 20 polyphenols (15 polyphenols and 5 isomers) were then established based on platform targets. Vitexin, orientin, and caffeic acid were identified as monomeric polyphenols for heat stress control in mung beans based on their content. Finally, mild (39°C), moderate (41°C), and severe (43°C) heat stress models were successfully constructed based on mouse intestinal epithelial Mode-k cells and human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell lines, all with an optimal heat stress modeling time of 6 h. Screening of mung bean fractions using HSP70 mRNA content, a key indicator of heat stress. As a result, HSP70 mRNA content was significantly up-regulated by different levels of heat stress in both cell models. The addition of mung bean polyphenols (crude extract), vitexin, orientin, and caffeic acid resulted in significant down-regulation of HSP70 mRNA content, and the higher the level of heat stress, the more significant the regulation effect, with orientin having the best effect. Mung bean proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, oils and mung bean soup resulted in increased or no change in HSP70 mRNA levels after most heat stresses.DiscussionThe polyphenols were shown to be the main heat stress regulating components in mung bean. The results of the validation experiments confirm that the above three monomeric polyphenols may be the main heat stress regulating substances in mung bean. The role of polyphenols in the regulation of heat stress is closely linked to their antioxidant properties.
Burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer in North Africa and Middle East countries, 1990 to 2019: Results from the GBD study 2019
Authors: Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Azadnajafabad Sina , Rezaei Negar , Esfahani Zahra , Rezaei Nazila ,   GBD 2019 NAME Tracheal, Bronchus and Lung Cancer Collaborators, Naghavi Mohsen , Larijani Bagher , Farzadfar Farshad ,   AIROB (Associazione Italiana Ricerca Oncologica di Base)
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo provide estimates on the regional and national burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region.Methods and materialsThe Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data were used. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), death, incidence, and prevalence rates were categorized by sex and age groups in the NAME region, in 21 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Decomposition analysis was performed to calculate the proportion of responsible factors in the emergence of new cases. Data are presented as point estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).ResultsIn the NAME region, TBL cancer caused 15,396 and 57,114 deaths in women and men, respectively, in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased by 0.7% (95% UI -20.6 to 24.1) and reached 16.8 per 100,000 (14.9 to 19.0) in 2019. All the age-standardized indices had a decreasing trend in men and an increasing trend in women from 1990 to 2019. Turkey (34.9 per 100,000 [27.6 to 43.5]) and Sudan (8.0 per 100,000 [5.2 to 12.5]) had the highest and lowest age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) in 2019, respectively. The highest and lowest absolute slopes of change in ASPR, from 1990 to 2019, were seen in Bahrain (-50.0% (-63.6 to -31.7)) and the United Arab Emirates (-1.2% (-34.1 to 53.8)), respectively. The number of deaths attributable to risk factors was 58,816 (51,709 to 67,323) in 2019 and increased by 136.5%. Decomposition analysis showed that population growth and age structure change positively contributed to new incident cases. More than 80% of DALYs could be decreased by controlling risk factors, particularly tobacco use.ConclusionThe incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates of TBL cancer increased, and the death rate remained unchanged from 1990 to 2019. All the indices and contribution of risk factors decreased in men but increased in women. Tobacco is still the leading risk factor. Early diagnosis and tobacco cessation policies should be improved.
Preoperative prediction of tumor deposits in rectal cancer with clinical-magnetic resonance deep learning-based radiomic models
Authors: Fu Chunlong , Shao Tingting , Hou Min , Qu Jiali , Li Ping , Yang Zebin , Shan Kangfei , Wu Meikang , Li Weida , Wang Xuan , Zhang Jingfeng , Luo Fanghong , Zhou Long , Sun Jihong , Zhao Fenhua 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to establish an effective model for preoperative prediction of tumor deposits (TDs) in patients with rectal cancer (RC). MethodsIn 500 patients, radiomic features were extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using modalities such as high-resolution T2-weighted (HRT2) imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Machine learning (ML)-based and deep learning (DL)-based radiomic models were developed and integrated with clinical characteristics for TD prediction. The performance of the models was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) over five-fold cross-validation.ResultsA total of 564 radiomic features that quantified the intensity, shape, orientation, and texture of the tumor were extracted for each patient. The HRT2-ML, DWI-ML, Merged-ML, HRT2-DL, DWI-DL, and Merged-DL models demonstrated AUCs of 0.62 ± 0.02, 0.64 ± 0.08, 0.69 ± 0.04, 0.57 ± 0.06, 0.68 ± 0.03, and 0.59 ± 0.04, respectively. The clinical-ML, clinical-HRT2-ML, clinical-DWI-ML, clinical-Merged-ML, clinical-DL, clinical-HRT2-DL, clinical-DWI-DL, and clinical-Merged-DL models demonstrated AUCs of 0.81 ± 0.06, 0.79 ± 0.02, 0.81 ± 0.02, 0.83 ± 0.01, 0.81 ± 0.04, 0.83 ± 0.04, 0.90 ± 0.04, and 0.83 ± 0.05, respectively. The clinical-DWI-DL model achieved the best predictive performance (accuracy 0.84 ± 0.05, sensitivity 0.94 ± 0. 13, specificity 0.79 ± 0.04).ConclusionsA comprehensive model combining MRI radiomic features and clinical characteristics achieved promising performance in TD prediction for RC patients. This approach has the potential to assist clinicians in preoperative stage evaluation and personalized treatment of RC patients.
Correlation between ADC, ADC ratio, and Gleason Grade group in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: Retrospective multicenter study with different MRI scanners
Authors: Bengtsson Johan , Thimansson Erik , Baubeta Erik , Zackrisson Sophia , Sundgren Pia Charlotte , Bjartell Anders , Flondell-Sité Despina 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundMRI is an important tool in the prostate cancer work-up, with special emphasis on the ADC sequence. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ADC and ADC ratio compared to tumor aggressiveness determined by a histopathological examination after radical prostatectomy.MethodsNinety-eight patients with prostate cancer underwent MRI at five different hospitals prior to radical prostatectomy. Images were retrospectively analyzed individually by two radiologists. The ADC of the index lesion and reference tissues (contralateral normal prostatic, normal peripheral zone, and urine) was recorded. Absolute ADC and different ADC ratios were compared to tumor aggressivity according to the ISUP Gleason Grade Groups extracted from the pathology report using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ). ROC curves were used to evaluate the ability to discriminate between ISUP 1-2 and ISUP 3-5 and intra class correlation and Bland-Altman plots for interrater reliability.ResultsAll patients had prostate cancer classified as ISUP grade ≥ 2. No correlation was found between ADC and ISUP grade. We found no benefit of using the ADC ratio over absolute ADC. The AUC for all metrics was close to 0.5, and no threshold could be extracted for prediction of tumor aggressivity. The interrater reliability was substantial to almost perfect for all variables analyzed.ConclusionsADC and ADC ratio did not correlate with tumor aggressiveness defined by ISUP grade in this multicenter MRI study. The result of this study is opposite to previous research in the field.
Transverse prostate maximum sectional area can predict clinically significant prostate cancer in PI-RADS 3 lesions at multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Gaudiano Caterina , Braccischi Lorenzo , Taninokuchi Tomassoni Makoto , Paccapelo Alexandro , Bianchi Lorenzo , Corcioni Beniamino , Ciccarese Federica , Schiavina Riccardo , Droghetti Matteo , Giunchi Francesca , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Brunocilla Eugenio , Golfieri Rita 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundTo evaluate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) parameters, such as TransPA (transverse prostate maximum sectional area), TransCGA (transverse central gland sectional area), TransPZA (transverse peripheral zone sectional area), and TransPAI (TransPZA/TransCGA ratio) in predicting prostate cancer (PCa) in prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) 3 lesions.MethodsSensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the best cut-off, were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate the capability to predict PCa.ResultsOut of 120 PI-RADS 3 lesions, 54 (45.0%) were PCa with 34 (28.3%) csPCas. Median TransPA, TransCGA, TransPZA and TransPAI were 15.4cm2, 9.1cm2, 5.5cm2 and 0.57, respectively. At multivariate analysis, location in the transition zone (OR=7.92, 95% CI: 2.70-23.29, P&lt;0.001) and TransPA (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.76-0.92, P&lt;0.001) were independent predictors of PCa. The TransPA (OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.082-0.99, P=0.022) was an independent predictor of csPCa. The best cut-off of TransPA for csPCa was 18 (Sensitivity 88.2%, Specificity 37.2%, PPV 35.7%, NPV 88.9%). The discrimination (AUC) of the multivariate model was 0.627 (95% CI: 0.519-0.734, P&lt;0.031).ConclusionsIn PI-RADS 3 lesions, the TransPA could be useful in selecting patients requiring biopsy.