bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
If you build it who will come? Case mix data of a new rural paediatric outpatient clinic
Authors: Beattie Jessica , Baade Britta , Fuller Lara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited current evidence describing the case mix data of rural paediatric outpatient clinics. Collection and analysis of this data is essential for health service planning, facilitating the identification of areas of need within specific communities to support contextualised delivery of paediatric health care.ObjectiveTo describe the case mix of patients seen during the initial 12 months of a rural paediatric service, providing evidence to inform rural health service planning.DesignA retrospective cohort study.ResultsThere were 149 initial consultations during the study period. Behavioural/developmental problems were found in 71.8% of patients and physical problems were present in 64.4% of patients. This resulted in 38.9% of patients having a combination of problem types. 42.9% of patients were referred to or already accessing allied health services, while 20% were accessing specialised paediatric support services such as the National Disability Insurance Scheme and child protection services. Investigations were ordered for 45% of patients, with medications prescribed in 43% of cases. Only 5.4% of patients were discharged after their initial appointment. There were significant differences in problems identified on the referral compared to at the initial appointment demonstrating the value of this service to a rural community.ConclusionThe case mix data illustrates a rural paediatric cohort with a complex and chronic burden of disease especially in terms of behavioural and developmental problems. These findings add to the literature on rural paediatric patient care and demonstrate the value of an embedded paediatric service in a medium sized rural town.
Macular hole Delphi consensus statement (MHOST)
Authors: Confalonieri Filippo , Haave Hanna , Binder Susanne , Bober Agnieszka Monika , Bragadottir Ragnheidur , Bærland Thomas , Faber Rowan , Forsaa Vegard , Gonzalez‐Lopez Julio J. , Govetto Andrea , Haugstad Marta , Ivastinovic Domagoj , Jenko Neža Čokl , Nicoară Simona Delia , Kaljurand Kuldar , Kozak Igor , Kvanta Anders , Lytvynchuk Lyubomyr , Nawrocka Zofia Anna , Pajic Sanja Petrovic , Petrovič Mojca Globočnik , Radecka Liga , Rehak Matus , Romano Mario R. , Ruban Andrii , Speckauskas Martynas , Stene‐Johansen Ingar , Stranak Zbynek , Thaler Angela , Thein Anna Sophie Aagaard , Theocharis Ioannis , Tomic Zoran , Yan Xiaohe , Zekolli Muhamet , Zhuri Burim , Znaor Ljubo , Petrovski Beata Eva , Kolko Miriam , Lumi Xhevat , Petrovski Goran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo derive a Delphi method‐based consensus for the surgical management of Full Thickness Macular Hole (FTMH) and Lamellar Macular Hole (LMH).Methods37 expert VR surgeons from 21 mainly European countries participated in Delphi method‐based questionnaire for diagnosis and treatment of FTMHs and LMHs.ResultsA total of 36 items were rated in round 1 by 37 participants, of which 10 items achieved consensus: intraoperative verification of PVD; clinical superiority of OCT‐based FTMH classification; practical ineffectiveness of ocriplasmin; circular 360° ILM peeling for small macular holes; use of regular surgical technique for the size of the hole in concomitant retinal detachment; performing complete vitrectomy; SF6 gas as preferred tamponade; cataract surgery if crystalline lens is mildly/moderately opaque; removal of both ILM and LHEP in LMH surgery. In round 2, 18 items with moderate consensus (45‐70% agreement) in round 1 were rated by 35 participants. Final consensus was reached in 35% of questions related to both diagnosis and surgical procedures.ConclusionsThis Delphi study provides valuable information about the consensus/disagreement on different scenarios encountered during FTMH and LMH management as a guide tosurgical decision‐making. High rate of disagreement and/or variable approaches still exist for treating such relatively common conditions.
Common and unique alterations of functional connectivity in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder
Authors: Yu Ai‐Hong , Gao Qing‐Lin , Deng Zhao‐Yu , Dang Yi , Yan Chao‐Gan , Chen Zhen‐Zhu , Li Feng , Zhao Shu‐Ying , Liu Yue , Bo Qi‐Jing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are considered whole‐brain disorders with some common clinical and neurobiological features. It is important to investigate neural mechanisms to distinguish between the two disorders. However, few studies have explored the functional dysconnectivity between the two disorders from the whole brain level.MethodsIn this study, 117 patients with MDD, 65 patients with BD, and 116 healthy controls completed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R‐fMRI) scans. Both edge‐based network construction and large‐scale network analyses were applied.ResultsResults found that both the BD and MDD groups showed decreased FC in the whole brain network. The shared aberrant network across patients involves the visual network (VN), sensorimotor network (SMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), and ventral attention network (VAN), which is related to the processing of external stimuli. The default mode network (DMN) and the limbic network (LN) abnormalities were only found in patients with MDD. Furthermore, results showed the highest decrease in edges of patients with MDD in between‐network FC in SMN–VN, whereas in VAN–VN of patients with BD.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that both MDD and BD are extensive abnormal brain network diseases, mainly aberrant in those brain networks correlated to the processing of external stimuli, especially the attention network. Specific altered functional connectivity also was found in MDD and BD groups, respectively. These results may provide possible trait markers to distinguish the two disorders.
How binding are binding guidelines? An analytical framework
Authors: Daly Paul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGuidelines are a type of “soft law” that play an important role in contemporary public administration. Despite the propagation of guidelines in recent decades, their legal effects are often difficult to classify. Clearly, guidelines are neither legislation nor delegated or subordinate legislation, but they are nonetheless designed to influence people's behaviour. Distinguishing binding from non‐binding guidelines is an important issue because the permissible scope of their use often depends on bindingness. Yet there is no analytical framework available to determine bindingness. To fill this gap in the literature, I develop an analytical framework consisting of three indicia which help to distinguish binding guidelines from non‐binding guidelines: the presence or absence of imperative language, the level of detail and precision and the extent of effects on third parties. With the help of numerous examples drawn from the Canadian legal system, I explain how to distinguish binding from non‐binding guidelines, bringing analytical clarity to an important area of contemporary public administration.
Linking neighbourhood safety and children's internalizing and externalizing problems: Mediating role of maternal depression
Authors: Cho Youngmin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study examined the relationship among neighbourhood safety, maternal depression and child behaviour problems among Korean children in South Korea. Using the 2019 Panel Study on Korean Children (N = 1127), we found that residing in less safe neighbourhoods was associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Additionally, results from mediation analysis showed that the relationships between neighbourhood safety and internalizing and externalizing problems were significantly mediated by maternal depression in South Korea. These findings suggest that maternal depression may be an important mechanism linking unsafe neighbourhoods to South Korean children's behaviour problems.
Seasonal shifts in diel vertical migrations by lake‐dwelling coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii, reflect thermal regimes and prey distributions
Authors: Thomas Zachary R. , Beauchamp David A. , Clark Casey P. , Quinn Thomas P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLakes provide important habitat for salmonids that may use them as a primary feeding area between periods of reproduction. The seasonal changes in vertical thermal structure in lakes can affect the distribution of salmonids on seasonal and diel time scales as they search for, consume, and digest prey that also exploits the water column's distribution of food, temperature and light. Our goal was to analyse the vertical distribution of wild, native coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) in Lake Washington on daily and seasonal time scales. This lake is stratified in the summer and isothermal in winter, allowing us to compare vertical movements between periods with and without thermal structure in water 50 m deep. We predicted that trout would be deeper in the water column during stratified months and shallower during isothermal months, and shallower at night than in the day. Overall, the trout showed these patterns in the depths and temperatures they occupied, tending to be within or below the thermocline in the summer but not in the coolest water available, and closer to the surface when the lake was isothermal. The trout were also closer to the surface at night and deeper during the day. The vertical range of these diel movements shifted with the seasons–deepest in October, as the thermocline deepened and weakened, and shallowest in January when the lake was isothermal. These seasonal and diel vertical distribution patterns by the trout optimise metabolism for growth, and facilitate feeding on planktivorous fishes that also show seasonal and diel vertical distribution changes.
Metabolic‐Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is associated with immune activation, increased epicardial fat volume, and steatohepatitis among people with HIV in a Thai cohort
Authors: Han Win Min , Apornpong Tanakorn , Chattranukulchai Pairoj , Siwamogsatham Sarawut , Lwin Hay Mar Su , Boonrungsirisap Jedsadakorn , Wichiansan Thanathip , Gatechompol Sivaporn , Ubolyam Sasiwimol , Kerr Stephen J. , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Avihingsanon Anchalee 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionA change in terminology from fatty liver disease to metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), along with modified diagnostic criteria, was proposed in 2020, and data regarding MAFLD burden in people living with HIV are limited. We investigated associations between MAFLD and immune activation, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks including epicardial fat volume, and steatohepatitis in an Asian cohort.MethodsWe evaluated CVD risk (epicardial fat tissue, coronary artery calcium [CAC] score, and 10‐year atherosclerotic CVD [ASCVD] score) in people living with HIV aged >50 years. Individuals with excessive alcohol consumption and viral hepatitis infections were excluded. MAFLD diagnosis was based on 2020 International Consensus criteria. Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with significant activity and liver fibrosis was defined as FibroScan‐aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score ≥0.67 and >0.35. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate factors associated with MAFLD and NASH with significant activity and liver fibrosis.ResultsThe median age was 54 years (interquartile range [IQR] 52–60) and current CD4 count was 613 (IQR 467–804) cells/mm3. A total of 37% were female, and most (98%) people living with HIV were virally suppressed. The prevalence of MAFLD and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease was 35% and 38%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, higher body mass index, albumin, epicardial fat volume, and liver stiffness were significantly associated with MAFLD. A higher CD4/CD8 ratio was associated with a lower risk of MAFLD. People with HIV with MAFLD had higher odds of having NASH with significant activity and liver fibrosis (adjusted odds ratio 3.3; 95% confidence interval 1.6–6.6), and similar associations were also observed among different MAFLD categories.ConclusionsThe complex relationship between MAFLD and immune activation, steatohepatitis, and epicardial fat tissue suggests an increased risk of advanced liver disease and CVDs beyond the traditional risk factors in people living with HIV with fatty liver disease.
Assessment of the developmental defects of the enamel in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: A comparative study
Authors: Lopes Caroline Maria Igrejas , Marques Kátia Maria Gonçalves , Miranda Marina Lins , de Menezes Valdenice Aparecida 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is the most important hemoglobinopathy in terms of frequency and social impact and can affect the stomatognathic system.AimTo assess and compare the developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) in children and adolescents with and without SCD.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional, analytical, and comparative study of 210 children and adolescents aged 5–18 years, who visited the Hematology and Hemotherapy Hospital of Pernambuco.ResultsDevelopmental defects of the enamel were observed in 55.2% of the SCD patients and 35.2% of the non‐SCD patients (healthy group; p < .05). In the SCD group, DDE were more common in females than in males (69.1% vs. 40.0%; p < .05). The incidence of DDE in the permanent teeth was higher in the upper arch than in the lower arch (SCD group, 13.1% vs. 4.6%; healthy group, 8.9% vs. 3.6%; p < .05).ConclusionCompared with the healthy group, the SCD patients were almost twice as likely to develop DDE, mostly affecting females and the permanent teeth. These findings suggest that individuals with SCD need early dental care to avoid future oral problems.
The interrelatedness of cognitive abilities in very preterm and full‐term born children at 5.5 years of age: a psychometric network analysis approach
Authors: Rapuc S. , Pierrat V. , Marchand‐Martin L. , Benhammou V. , Kaminski M. , Ancel P.‐Y. , Twilhaar E.S. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundVery preterm (VP) birth is associated with a considerable risk for cognitive impairment, putting children at a disadvantage in academic and everyday life. Despite lower cognitive ability on the group level, there are large individual differences among VP born children. Contemporary theories define intelligence as a network of reciprocally connected cognitive abilities. Therefore, intelligence was studied as a network of interrelated abilities to provide insight into interindividual differences. We described and compared the network of cognitive abilities, including strength of interrelations between and the relative importance of abilities, of VP and full‐term (FT) born children and VP children with below‐average and average‐high intelligence at 5.5 years.MethodsA total of 2,253 VP children from the EPIPAGE‐2 cohort and 578 FT controls who participated in the 5.5‐year‐follow‐up were eligible for inclusion. The WPPSI‐IV was used to measure verbal comprehension, visuospatial abilities, fluid reasoning, working memory, and processing speed. Psychometric network analysis was applied to analyse the data.ResultsCognitive abilities were densely and positively interconnected in all networks, but the strength of connections differed between networks. The cognitive network of VP children was more strongly interconnected than that of FT children. Furthermore, VP children with below average IQ had a more strongly connected network than VP children with average‐high IQ. Contrary to our expectations, working memory had the least central role in all networks.ConclusionsIn line with the ability differentiation hypothesis, children with higher levels of cognitive ability had a less interconnected and more specialised cognitive structure. Composite intelligence scores may therefore mask domain‐specific deficits, particularly in children at risk for cognitive impairments (e.g., VP born children), even when general intelligence is unimpaired. In children with strongly and densely connected networks, domain‐specific deficits may have a larger overall impact, resulting in lower intelligence levels.
Effect of calcium hydroxide on pasting, thermal, and water‐adsorption behavior, and the flow properties of nixtamalized corn flour
Authors: León‐Villalobos Joaquín Aldair , Maldonado‐Astudillo Yanik Ixchel , Jiménez‐Hernández Javier , Alvarez‐Fitz Patricia , Flores‐Andrade Enrique , Castro‐Coronel Yaneth , Ramírez‐Sucre Octavio , Salazar Ricardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNixtamalized corn flour (NCF) has gained favor worldwide due to the growing popularity of Mexican cuisine. This research evaluates the effect of the amount of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) employed during the nixtamalization on the water‐adsorption, thermodynamic, and flow properties of NCF. In addition, NCF pasting and thermal properties were evaluated to relate bulk‐powder properties to wet‐dispersion conditions. Ca(OH)2 amounts of 1.5 and 2.0% induced higher ash and calcium content as well as lower fat and protein content. Also, pasting properties and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔHgel) values, in addition to yellowish NCF, were related to Ca(OH)2 concentration. With the independence of the Ca(OH)2 amounts employed, no important differences in the equilibrium's moisture content, as well as a negligible effect of temperature on adsorption behavior, were observed. For prepared NCF, the moisture content corresponding to minimum integral entropy was not observed within the range of the aw analyzed; thus, GAB parameters are more reliable for suggesting the storage conditions. NCF with a low amount of Ca(OH)2 exhibited higher values of mean caking strength (≈1.81 N) and cohesiveness index (≈13.99 × 10−5 N m g−1), in addition to higher resistance to flow. Therefore, the amount of Ca(OH)2 positively influenced flow properties, whereas wet‐dispersion properties such as lower maximal peak viscosity and ΔHgel values were obtained.Practical applicationsThis study contributes useful information to the manufacturers of NCF concerning the amount of Ca(OH)2 needed to obtain NCF with desirable physical properties while attempting to affect thermal and pasting properties to a lesser extent. In addition, this study characterizes and provides the adequate amount of Ca(OH)2 employed the during the nixtamalization process to improve the flowability of NCF in industry during handling. Finally, the absence of a moisture content corresponding to minimum integral‐adsorption entropy provides clarification for NCF producers regarding the long‐term storage stability of NCF.
Pressure release technique versus placebo applied to cervical and masticatory muscles in patients with chronic painful myofascial temporomandibular disorder: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Serrano‐Hernanz Gema , Angulo‐Carrere Teresa , Ardizone‐García Ignacio , Svensson Peter , Álvarez‐Méndez Ana M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe therapeutic approach to myofascial TMD should focus on pain relief and rehabilitation of function.ObjectiveThis study investigated whether pressure release technique (PRT) is effective for reducing pain in people with chronic myofascial temporomandibular disorders (TMD).MethodsA single‐blinded randomised parallel‐group trial, with 3 months follow‐up was conducted. A total of 72 patients were randomly allocated to receive PRT or sham PRT. Primary outcome was pain assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), range of opening of the mouth (ROM), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK‐11), State–Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) and State–Trait Depression Index (ST‐DEP). All parameters were assessed at baseline, at the end of the treatment and at 3 months follow‐up. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA.ResultsThere were significant main effects of time, group and interaction between time and group (F ≥ 21.92; p < .001) on VAS pain. Post hoc tests showed a significant reduction in VAS pain scores in the PRT group (≥31.9%; p < .001). Effect sizes were moderate in the PRT group at all follow‐up periods (≥1.25 Cohen's d). Also, there were significant effects of time in secondary outcomes (F ≥ 9.65; p < .001), and there were also interactions between time and group (F ≥ 3.82; p < .002) with better effects in the PRT group.ConclusionsThe inclusion of PRT to conventional management with occlusal splints and self‐care management appears to be effective to improve self‐reported levels of pain in patients with chronic myofascial TMD pain. Retrospectively registered (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03619889).
The Winchcombe fireball—That lucky survivor
Authors: McMullan Sarah , Vida Denis , Devillepoix Hadrien A. R. , Rowe Jim , Daly Luke , King Ashley J. , Cupák Martin , Howie Robert M. , Sansom Eleanor K. , Shober Patrick , Towner Martin C. , Anderson Seamus , McFadden Luke , Horák Jana , Smedley Andrew R. D. , Joy Katherine H. , Shuttleworth Alan , Colas Francois , Zanda Brigitte , O'Brien Áine C. , McMullan Ian , Shaw Clive , Suttle Adam , Suttle Martin D. , Young John S. , Campbell‐Burns Peter , Kacerek Richard , Bassom Richard , Bosley Steve , Fleet Richard , Jones Dave , McIntyre Mark , James Nick , Robson Derek , Dickinson Paul , Bland Philip A. , Collins Gareth S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOn February 28, 2021, a fireball dropped ∼0.6 kg of recovered CM2 carbonaceous chondrite meteorites in South‐West England near the town of Winchcombe. We reconstruct the fireball's atmospheric trajectory, light curve, fragmentation behavior, and pre‐atmospheric orbit from optical records contributed by five networks. The progenitor meteoroid was three orders of magnitude less massive (∼13 kg) than any previously observed carbonaceous fall. The Winchcombe meteorite survived entry because it was exposed to a very low peak atmospheric dynamic pressure (∼0.6 MPa) due to a fortuitous combination of entry parameters, notably low velocity (13.9 km s−1). A near‐catastrophic fragmentation at ∼0.07 MPa points to the body's fragility. Low entry speeds which cause low peak dynamic pressures are likely necessary conditions for a small carbonaceous meteoroid to survive atmospheric entry, strongly constraining the radiant direction to the general antapex direction. Orbital integrations show that the meteoroid was injected into the near‐Earth region ∼0.08 Myr ago and it never had a perihelion distance smaller than ∼0.7 AU, while other CM2 meteorites with known orbits approached the Sun closer (∼0.5 AU) and were heated to at least 100 K higher temperatures.