bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer‐Based mRNA Delivery Strategies for Advanced Therapies
Authors: Yang Wenqian , Mixich Lucas , Boonstra Eger , Cabral Horacio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA)‐based therapies offer great promise for the treatment of a variety of diseases. In 2020, two FDA approvals of mRNA‐based vaccines have elevated mRNA vaccines to global recognition. However, the therapeutic capabilities of mRNA extend far beyond vaccines against infectious diseases. They hold potential for cancer vaccines, protein replacement therapies, gene editing therapies, and immunotherapies. For realizing such advanced therapies, it is crucial to develop effective carrier systems. Recent advances in materials science have led to the development of promising nonviral mRNA delivery systems. In comparison to other carriers like lipid nanoparticles, polymer‐based delivery systems often receive less attention, despite their unique ability to carefully tune their chemical features to promote mRNA protection, their favorable pharmacokinetics, and their potential for targeting delivery. In this review, the central features of polymer‐based systems for mRNA delivery highlighting the molecular design criteria, stability, and biodistribution are discussed. Finally, the role of targeting ligands for the future of RNA therapies is analyzed.
NBOH Site‐Activated Graphene Quantum Dots for Boosting Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Fan Mengmeng , Wang Zeming , Sun Kang , Wang Ao , Zhao Yuying , Yuan Qixin , Wang Ruibin , Raj Jithu , Wu Jingjie , Jiang Jianchun , Wang Liang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarbon materials are considered promising 2/4 e− oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts for synthesizing H2O2/H2O via regulating heteroatom dopants and functionalization. Here, various doped and functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are designed to reveal the crucial active sites of carbon materials for ORR to produce H2O2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that the edge structure involving edge N, B dopant pairs and further OH functionalization to the B (NBOH) is an active center for 2e− ORR. To verify the above predication, GQDs with an enriched density of NBOH (NBO‐GQDs) are designed and synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of NH2 edge‐functionalized GQDs with H3BO3 forming six‐member heterocycle containing the NBOH structure. When dispersed on conductive carbon substrates, the NBO‐GQDs show H2O2 selectivity of over 90% at 0.7 –0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in the alkaline solution in a rotating ring‐disk electrode setup. The selectivity retains 90% of the initial value after 12 h stability test. In a flow cell setup, the H2O2 production rate is up to 709 mmol gcatalyst−1 h−1, superior to most reported carbon‐ and metal‐based electrocatalysts. This work provides molecular insight into the design and formulation of highly efficient carbon‐based catalysts for sustainable H2O2 production.
A Concerted Redox‐ and Light‐Activated Agent for Controlled Multimodal Therapy against Hypoxic Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Jiangping , Prentice Andrew W. , Clarkson Guy J. , Woolley Jack M. , Stavros Vasilios G. , Paterson Martin J. , Sadler Peter J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHypoxia represents a remarkably exploitable target for cancer therapy, is encountered only in solid human tumors, and is highly associated with cancer resistance and recurrence. Here, a hypoxia‐activated mitochondria‐accumulated Ru(II) polypyridyl prodrug functionalized with conjugated azo (Az) and nitrogen mustard (NM) functionalities, RuAzNM, is reported. This prodrug has multimodal theranostic properties toward hypoxic cancer cells. Reduction of the azo group in hypoxic cell microenvironments gives rise to the generation of two primary amine products, a free aniline mustard, and the polypyridyl RuNH2 complex. Thus, the aniline mustard triggers generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mtDNA crosslinking. Meanwhile, the resultant biologically benign phosphorescent RuNH2 gives rise to a diagnostic signal and signals activation of the phototherapy. This multimodal therapeutic effect eventually elevates ROS levels, depletes reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and induces mitochondrial membrane damage, mtDNA damage, and ultimately cell apoptosis. This unique strategy allows controlled multimodal theranostics to be realized in hypoxic cells and multicellular spheroids, making RuAzNM a highly selective and effective cancer‐cell‐selective theranostic agent (IC50 = 2.3 µm for hypoxic HepG2 cancer cells vs 58.2 µm for normoxic THL‐3 normal cells). This is the first report of a metal‐based compound developed as a multimodal theranostic agent for hypoxia.
Functional Ultrathin Separators Proactively Stabilizing Zinc Anodes for Zinc‐Based Energy Storage
Authors: Li Yang , Peng Xinya , Li Xu , Duan Huan , Xie Shiyin , Dong Liubing , Kang Feiyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUltrathin separators are indispensable to high‐energy‐density zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), but their easy failure caused by zinc dendrites poses a great challenge. Herein, 23 µm‐thick functional ultrathin separators (FUSs), realizing superb electrochemical stability of zinc anodes and outstanding long‐term durability of ultrathin separators, are reported. In the FUSs, an ultrathin but mechanically strong nanoporous membrane substrate benefits fast and flux‐homogenized Zn2+ transport, while a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived C/Cu nanocomposite decoration layer provides rich low‐barrier zinc nucleation sites, thereby synergistically stabilizing zinc anodes to inhibit zinc dendrites and dendrite‐caused separator failure. Investigation of the zinc affinity of the MOF‐derived C/Cu nanocomposites unravels the high zincophilicity of heteroatom‐containing C/Cu interfaces. Zinc anodes coupled with the FUSs present superior electrochemical stability, whose operation lifetime exceeds 2000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 600 h at 10 mA cm−2, 40–50 times longer than that of the zinc anodes using glass‐fiber separators. The reliability of the FUSs in ZIBs and zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors is also validated. This work proposes a new strategy to stabilize zinc anodes and provides theoretical guidance in developing ultrathin separators for high‐energy‐density zinc‐based energy storage.
Nonvolatile Multilevel Switching of Silicon Photonic Devices with In2O3/GST Segmented Structures
Authors: Zhang Changping , Wei Maoliang , Zheng Jun , Liu Shujun , Cao Hongyuan , Huang Yishu , Tan Ying , Zhang Ming , Xie Yiwei , Yu Zejie , Li Junying , Ye Hui , Li Lan , Lin Hongtao , Li Huan , Shi Yaocheng , Liu Liu , Dai Daoxin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReconfigurable silicon photonic devices are widely used in numerous emerging fields such as optical interconnects, photonic neural networks, quantum computing, and microwave photonics. Currently, phase change materials (PCMs) have been extensively investigated as promising candidates for building switching units due to their strong refractive index modulation. Here, nonvolatile multilevel switching of silicon photonic devices with Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is demonstrated with In2O3 transparent microheaters that are compatible with diverse material platforms. With GST integrated on the silicon photonic waveguides and Mach‐Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), repeatable and reversible multilevel modulation of GST is achieved by electro‐thermally induced phase transitions. Particularly, the segmented switching unit of In2O3 and GST is proposed and demonstrated to be capable of producing about one order of magnitude larger temperature gradient than that of the nonsegmented unit, resulting in up to 64 distinguishable switching levels of 6‐bit precision, and fine‐tuning of the switching voltage pulses is promising to push the precision even further, to 7‐bit, or 128 distinguishable switching levels. The capability of precise multilevel phase‐change modulation is crucial to further facilitate the development of nonvolatile reconfigurable switches and variable attenuation devices as building blocks in large‐scale programmable optoelectronic systems.
Phosphorylation of USP29 by CDK1 Governs TWIST1 Stability and Oncogenic Functions
Authors: Guan Tangming , Li Mei , Song Yan , Chen Jiayi , Tang Jiaxin , Zhang Caishi , Wen Yalei , Yang Xiao , Huang Lei , Zhu Yingjie , Wang Hongxian , Ding Ke , Zheng Junxia , Zhang Haoxing , Liu Tongzheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly lethal malignancy with limited therapy options. TWIST1, a key transcriptional factor of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), contributes to self‐renewal of cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs), chemo‐resistance, metastasis, and TNBC‐related death. However, the mechanism by which TWIST1 is deregulated in TNBC remains elusive. Here, USP29 is identified as a bona fide deubiquitinase of TWIST1. The deubiquitination of TWIST1 catalyzed by USP29 is required for its stabilization and subsequent EMT and CSC functions in TNBC, thereby conferring chemotherapeutic resistance and metastasis. Furthermore, the results unexpectedly reveal that CDK1 functions as the direct USP29 activator. Mechanistically, CDK1‐mediated phosphorylation of USP29 is essential for its deubiquitinase activity toward TWIST1 and TWIST1 driven‐malignant phenotypes in TNBC, which could be markedly mitigated by the genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of CDK1. Moreover, the histological analyses show that CDK1 and USP29 are highly upregulated in TNBC samples, which positively correlate with the expression of TWIST1. Taken together, the findings reveal a previously unrecognized tumor‐promoting function and clinical significance of the CDK1‐USP29 axis through stabilizing TWIST1 and provide the preclinical evidence that targeting this axis is an appealing therapeutic strategy to conquer chemo‐resistance and metastasis in TNBC.
Self‐Powered Smart Textile Based on Dynamic Schottky Diode for Human‐Machine Interactions
Authors: Deng Pengfei , Wang Yanbin , Yang Ruizhe , He Zijian , Tan Yuanqiu , Chen Zhihong , Liu Jun , Li Tian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe growing demand for sustained self‐powered devices with multifunctional sensing networks is one of the main challenges for smart textiles, which are the critical elements for the future Internet of Things (IoT) and Point of Care (POC). Here, cellulose‐based smart textile is integrated with dynamic Schottky diode (DSD) to generate sustained power source (current density of 8.9 mA m⁻2) for self‐powered built‐in sensing network. In response to normal and shear motions, a pressure sensor with a sensitivity of 0.12 KPa⁻1 and an impact sensor are demonstrated, respectively. The woven structure of the textile contributes to signal amplification, which can also form a matrix of sensing elements for distributed sensing. The proposed strategy of fabricating self‐powered and multifunctional sensing networks with smart textiles shows tremendous potential for future intelligent society.
Comparative quantitation of DNA water tracers using OptiQ, Qubit, and Nanodrop
Authors: Billington Craig , Schmidt Jenelle , Mundle Robyn , Prenner Elmar J. , Pang Liping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe have recently developed new synthetic DNA tracers for tracking sources and pathways of contamination in surface water and groundwater. The use of DNA tracers in natural water systems results in substantial and rapid dilutions, thus accurate quantitation of initial DNA tracer concentrations applied is crucial to ensure their successful downstream detections. We compared the sensitivity and accuracy of three portable analytical techniques for quantitation of these DNA tracers: Nanodrop, Qubit, and OptiQ. All three methods were about equally effective when measuring high concentrations of DNA tracers (e.g., for c‐amine DNA tracer 1.54 × 105, 1.37 × 105, and 1.77 × 105 ng/mL for Nanodrop, Qubit, and OptiQ, respectively). However, the fluorescent methods of Qubit and OptiQ were significantly more sensitive at detecting lower concentrations of DNA tracers with limits of detection in the range 0.1–2 ng/mL, compared to 5 × 103 ng/mL for Nanodrop. The results of this work will facilitate the practical deployment of DNA tracers for tracking water contamination, and improving freshwater quality.
Hypergravity field induced self‐assembly of 2D MXene in polyvinyl alcohol membrane matrix and its improvement of alcohol/water pervaporation
Authors: Liu Qiao , Pan Xiaojun , Xu Nong , Wang Qing , Qu Shenzhen , Wang Weihao , Fan Long , Dong Qiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHydrophilic nanomaterials were always used to improve the pervaporation (PV) performance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane in the process of ethanol dehydration. In this work, the PVA/MXene composite membrane with high water flux and separation factor was fabricated with spin coating method. Induced by the hypergravity force, the MXene nanosheets were segregated and stacked layer‐by‐layer between the interface of the PVA/MXene layer and the support. The self‐assembly 2D MXene in the PVA not only improved the binding force between the separation layer and the support but also enhanced the PV performance. The water flux and separation factor of the PVA/SSA/MXene composite membrane reached 1.22 kg·m−2·h−1 and 1577, respectively. Both were higher than those of most reported PVA membranes. Nano indentation and scratch tests also revealed that due to the high modulus and hardness of the PVA/SSA/MXene composite membrane, 0.2822 and 0.019 GPa, strong binding force was existed between the separation layer and the support. Partly based on this reason, the structure of the PVA/SSA/MXene composite membrane remained stable during 300 hours of the PV test. It is believed that the prepared PVA/SSA/MXene composite membrane has a broad application prospect in the PV process for ethanol dehydration.
The morphology and histology of the pectoral girdle of Hamipterus (Pterosauria), from the Early Cretaceous of Northwest China
Authors: Wu Qian , Chen He , Li Zhiheng , Jiang Shunxing , Wang Xiaolin , Zhou Zhonghe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs one of the mysteries volant vertebrates, pterosaurs were completely extinct in the K‐Pg extinction event, which hampered our understanding of their flight. Recent studies on pterosaur flight usually use birds as analogies, since their shoulder girdle share many features. However, it was also proposed that these two groups may differ in some critical flight mechanisms, such as the primary muscles for the upstroke of the wings. Here, we describe and characterize the detail features of the pectoral girdle morphology and histology in Hamipterus from the Early Cretaceous of Northwest China for the first time. Our research reveals that the scapula and coracoid of Hamipterus form a synostosis joint, representing a distinct pectoral girdle adaption during pterosaur flight evolution, different from that of birds. The residual of the articular cartilage of the glenoid fossa supports the potential for cartilage tissue preservation in this location. The morphology of the acrocoracoid process of Hamipterus indicates it may work as a pulley for M. supracoracoideus as the main power of flight upstroke resembles that of birds. But the saddle type of the shoulder joint of the pterosaur may limit the rotation of the humerus head, suggesting a particular mechanism to control the angle of attack unlike birds. The presence of both the similarity and differences between the flight apparatus of pterosaurs and birds are highlighted in our research, which may be related to the flight mechanism and forelimb functional adaption. The distinctive feature of the flight apparatus of pterosaur should be treated with caution in future research, to better understand the life of this unique extinct volant vertebrate.
Dauerüberwachung von Ingenieurbauwerken – Das neue Merkblatt B 09 der DGZfP
Authors: Lehmann Frank , Hille Falk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMesstechnische Systeme zur Dauerüberwachung von Bauwerken ermöglichen Einblicke in deren reale Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten. Die Planung und technische Umsetzung solcher Maßnahmen erfordern für die erfolgreiche Erfüllung der Aufgabenstellungen eine hohe Fachkompetenz, sowohl auf der planerischen Seite, als auch für die fachliche Bewertung von angebotenen Monitoringlösungen. Als Hilfestellung dafür wurde von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) das Merkblatt „Dauerüberwachung von Ingenieurbauwerken“ erarbeitet, welches nun verfügbar ist. In diesem Beitrag werden die Inhalte des neuen Merkblatts vorgestellt und dieses in die vorhandene Literatur eingeordnet.
The impact of postoperative cognitive training on health‐related quality of life and cognitive failures in daily living after heart valve surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Butz Marius , Gerriets Tibo , Sammer Gebhard , El‐Shazly Jasmin , Tschernatsch Marlene , Schramm Patrick , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Braun Tobias , Boening Andreas , Mengden Thomas , Choi Yeong‐Hoon , Schoenburg Markus , Juenemann Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHeart surgery is a risk factor for objectively and subjectively assessable postoperative cognitive decline (POCD), which is relevant for everyday life. The aim of this study was to investigate whether early postoperative cognitive training has an impact on health‐related quality of life and cognitive failures in daily living after cardiac surgery.MethodsThe study was a two‐arm, randomized, controlled, outcome‐blinded trial involving older patients undergoing elective heart valve surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Recruitment took place at the Departments of Cardiac Surgery of the Kerckhoff Clinic in Bad Nauheim (Germany) and the University Hospital in Giessen (Germany). The patients were randomized (1:1 ratio) to either a paper‐and‐pencil–based cognitive training group or a control group. We applied the Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) prior to surgery and 3 months after the cognitive training. Data were analyzed in a per‐protocol fashion.ResultsThree months after discharge from rehabilitation, the training group (n = 31) showed improvement in health‐related quality of life compared to the control group (n = 29), especially in role limitations due to emotional problems (U = −2.649, p = .008, η2 = 0.121), energy and fatigue (F[2.55] = 5.72, p = .020, η2 = 0.062), social functioning (U = −2.137, p = .033, η2 = 0.076), the average of all SF‐36 factors (U = −2.374, p = .018, η2 = 0.094), health change from the past year to the present time (U = −2.378, p = .017, η2 = 0.094), and the mental component summary (U = −2.470, p = .013, η2 = 0.102).ConclusionAs our cognitive training has shown beneficial effects, this intervention could be a promising method to enhance health‐related quality of life after cardiac surgery.
Azaphilones from the Fungus Penicillium multicolor LZUC‐S2 and Their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Shen Shi‐Jin , Feng Zi‐Yun , Jiang Song‐Jie , Liu Li , Fu Shi‐Jing , Chen Wan‐Hong , Sun Qi‐Yue , Chen Jian‐Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwo new azaphilones, penimultiones A and B, together with seven known analogs were isolated from the culture of Penicillium multicolor LZUC‐S2. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic data analysis and chemical transformation. Penimultiones A and B belong to a rare class of azaphilones possessing a 1,3‐dioxolane moiety. In addition, all compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against five clinically bacterial strains in vitro, and three compounds showed potent antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 12.5 to 50.0 μg/mL.
The PROGRESS‐CTO perforation risk score. Are you in?
Authors: Belardi Jorge A. , Lamelas Pablo M. 
Published: February 2023

Key Points
Coronary perforation is a life‐threatening complication of chronic total occlusion angioplasty.
In a large assessment, the PROGRESS‐CTO perforation risk score was validated with good discriminatory and calibration performance.
The use of this score may help operators to identify patients at high risk of coronary perforation in the real‐world practice and also use it for research purposes.
Controlled Synthesis of Polymers†
Authors: Sun Jingshan , Yang Jiazhen , Ding Jianxun 
Published: February 2023

Comprehensive SummaryControlled synthesis is central to obtaining polymers with accurate structures and excellent performances. Recent research in the controlled synthesis of polymers has focused on optimizing monomers, initiation systems, and reaction conditions. The satisfactory sequence, topological structure, and dispersity have been achieved to satisfy the growing demand for functional polymers. This review summarizes the selection of monomers of various types and structures, the innovation of initiation systems, and the optimization of reaction conditions in the controlled synthesis of polymers and discusses their challenges and opportunities.
The activation of EP300 by F11R leads to EMT and acts as a prognostic factor in triple‐negative breast cancers
Authors: Li Chien‐Hsiu , Fang Chih‐Yeu , Chan Ming‐Hsien , Lu Pei‐Jung , Ger Luo‐Ping , Chu Jan‐Show , Chang Yu‐Chan , Chen Chi‐Long , Hsiao Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCancer progression is influenced by junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family members. The relationship between JAM family members and different types of cancer was examined using The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. mRNA levels of the F11R (F11 receptor) in tumours were inversely correlated to the expression of JAM‐2 and JAM‐3. This relationship was unique to breast cancer (BCa) and was associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.024, hazard ratio = 1.44 [1.05–1.99]). A 50‐gene molecular signature (prediction analysis of microarray 50) was used to subtype BCa. F11R mRNA expression significantly increased in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐enriched (p = 0.0035) and basal‐like BCa tumours (p = 0.0005). We evaluated F11R protein levels in two different compositions of BCa subtype patient tissue array cohorts to determine the relationship between BCa subtype and prognosis. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that a high F11R protein level was associated with poor overall survival (p < 0.001; Taipei Medical University [TMU] cohort, p < 0.001; Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital [KVGH] cohort) or disease‐free survival (p < 0.001 [TMU cohort], p = 0.034 [KVGH cohort]) in patients with BCa. Comparison of F11R levels in different subtypes revealed the association of poor prognosis with high levels of F11R among luminal (p < 0.001 [TMU cohort], p = 0.027 [KVGH cohort]), HER2 positive (p = 0.018 [TMU cohort], p = 0.037 [KVGH cohort]), and triple‐negative (p = 0.013 [TMU cohort], p = 0.037 [KVGH cohort]) BCa. F11R‐based RNA microarray analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were successful in profiling the detailed gene ontology of triple‐negative BCa cells regulated by F11R. The EP300 transcription factor was highly correlated with F11R in BCa (R = 0.51, p < 0.001). By analysing these F11R‐affected molecules with the L1000CDs datasets, we were able to predict some repurposing drugs for potential application in F11R‐positive BCa treatment.