bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Parkinsonian Syndromes
Authors: Talman Lauren , Safarpour Delaram 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a common nonmotor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as other parkinsonian syndromes and may precede the onset of motor symptoms by decades. Involvement of all segments of the GI tract can lead to altered responses to medications and worsened quality of life for patients. While some GI symptoms occur in isolation, others overlap. Therefore, understanding the changes in different segments of the GI tract and how they relate to altered responses to PD treatment can guide both diagnostic and pharmacological interventions. Gut microbiota plays a critical role in immune activity and modulation of the enteric and central nervous systems. Understanding this bidirectional relationship helps to elucidate the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. This review will describe the current understanding of how GI dysfunction develops in parkinsonian syndromes, common symptoms in PD and related disorders, and available treatments.
Preoperative Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Supratentorial Intra-Axial Brain Tumors: Its Role in Predicting Tumor Histology and Prognosis as well in Surgical Planning and Resection
Authors: Singh Ajay , Jain Gaurav , Sharma Vinod , Singh Shaveta 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective There are a large number of prospective studies that use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to show the relationship between intracranial tumors and white matter (WM) fibers. We studied the role of DTI in supratentorial intra-axial (ST-IA) tumors of the brain in deciding the surgical approach with maximal resection and minimal or no deficit and in predicting the histological characterization of the tumor and the neurological outcome.
Methods A total of 91 cases of ST-IA tumors were included in our study. The neurological status of the patients was assessed preoperatively, and the tumor volume and DTI pattern were noted radiologically. Surgical plan was decided by the senior consultants of the neurosurgery department taking into consideration the findings of tractography and magnetic resonance imaging. The neurological status and the extent of resection were evaluated postoperatively, and the correlation between histopathology with DTI was studied.
Results Of the 91 patients, 25 had high-grade glioma (HGG), 60 had low-grade glioma (LGG), and 6 were metastatic lesions. Gross total excisions were done mostly in patients with DTI showing displaced fibers and subtotal/partial resections were done mostly in disrupted/infiltrated tracts, which was statistically significant. The correlation between histopathology and tractography revealed that intact/displaced tracts were seen mostly in LGG (79%), whereas 86% of HGG showed disrupted/infiltrated fibers; both were statistically significant.
Conclusion Preoperative DTI in ST-IA brain tumors is an important tool for deciding the appropriate surgical approach for maximal safe resection, thus improving the post-op neurological outcome in patients. It also helps in predicting the tumor histology while also serving as an important prognostication indicator.
Effect of Ketamine and Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant to Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Intraoperative Cranial Nerve Monitoring in the Patients Undergoing Posterior Fossa Craniotomies—A Randomized Quadruple Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Pathak Sharmishtha , Gupta Priyanka , Kaushal Ashutosh , Biswas Konish 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is used during surgery with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. Addition of adjuvant may minimize suppression of potentials by reducing doses of propofol. We studied the effect of addition of ketamine or dexmedetomidine to propofol–fentanyl-based TIVA on corticobulbar motor evoked potential (CoMEP) in patients undergoing posterior fossa surgeries.
Materials and Methods Forty-two patients were assigned to three groups (n = 14 each), Group S—saline, Group D—dexmedetomidine (0.25 μg/kg/h), and Group K—ketamine (0.25 mg/kg/h). Patients received propofol and fentanyl infusions along with study drugs. CoMEPs were recorded from muscles innervated by cranial nerves bilaterally at predefined intervals (Tbaseline, T2, T3, T4, and T5). Effect on amplitude and latency of CoMEPs was assessed.
Results A significant fall in CoMEP amplitude was observed across all analyzed muscles at time T4 and T5 in saline and dexmedetomidine group as compared with ketamine group, p-value less than 0.05. A significant increase in latency was observed at T4 and T5 among groups (p-value, D vs. K = 0.239, D vs. S = 0.123, and K vs. S = 0.001).
Conclusion Both ketamine and dexmedetomidine provide and allow effective recording of CoMEPs. Ketamine emerges as a better agent especially when prolonged surgical duration is expected as even propofol–fentanyl-based TIVA adversely affects CoMEPs when used for long duration.
Aptis Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthroplasty: A Multicenter Evaluation of Functional Outcomes, Complications, and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Stougie Shirley D. , Boekel Leonieke C. van , Beumer Annechien , Hoogvliet Peter , Strackee Simon D. , Coert J. Henk 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background The Aptis distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) implant has been commonly used to replace the DRUJ and restore wrist function in patients with a severely destroyed DRUJ.
Objective Promising results have been described in the literature. However, the clinical results in a multicenter setting are sparse and variable. This study evaluates the short- to midterm clinical results of 53 patients with a (mean) follow-up of 51 months.
Patients and Methods Fifty-three patients (59 implants) treated between 2011 and 2020 in three different institutions were retrospectively identified in a prospectively collected database. The main indication for Aptis DRUJ arthroplasty was a destroyed DRUJ and gross distal radioulnar instability and isolated DRUJ osteoarthritis. Functional outcome, complications, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. Patients completed the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire and an additional questionnaire about patient satisfaction and return to hobby/work.
Results Implant survival was 92%, the surgical follow-up showed many complications (64,4%), and revision surgery was needed frequently (40.7%). In 13 cases, the follow-up was longer than 5 years. Three reimplantations had to be performed and two implants were permanently explanted. In spite of this all, wrist and forearm motion as well as pain reduction was adequate and patient satisfaction was reasonable (72.2%).
Conclusion The Aptis DRUJ arthroplasty is a viable option that can provide adequate wrist and forearm function after secure patient selection and surgical placement of the implant in the wrist with a good bone stock of the radius. The complication rate was found to be high, yet patient satisfaction was reasonable. In the case of secondary surgery, additional surgery seems to be needed. For primary surgery, the implant seems to be successful without complications. Different complications have been described, but further analysis is warranted to find the causes of complications and to objectify the performance of the Aptis DRUJ implant.
Level of Evidence IV.
Molecular Diagnosis of Hemophilia A and Pathogenesis of Novel F8 Variants in Shanxi, China
Authors: Zhang Xialin , Chen Kun , Bian Sicheng , Wang Gang , Qin Xiuyu , Zhang Ruijuan , Yang Linhua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to perform a molecular diagnosis of hemophilia A (HA) among patients in the Shanxi Province of China. Fifty-two HA patients were tested, including IVS22 (31 samples), IVS1 (3 samples), missense (11 samples), nonsense (3 samples), and 4 cases of frameshift (2 cases of deletion, 1 case of insertion, 1 case of single-base duplication). With the exception of the single-base G duplication variant (p.Ile1213Asnfs*28), this was the hotspot variant reported by research groups at an early stage. The remaining variants were found, for the first time, in the region. The missense variants p.Cys172Ser, p.Tyr404Ser, p.Asp1903Gly, and p.Ser2284Asn, the deletion variant p.Leu2249fs*9, and the insertion variant p.Pro2319fs*97 were novel variants. The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) molecular diagnosis enriched the variant spectrum of HA, which is greatly significant for individualized genetic counseling, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. NGS and a variety of bioinformatics prediction methods can further analyze the impact of genetic variation on protein structure or function and lay the foundation to reveal the molecular pathogenic mechanism of novel variants.
Novel Interlocking Nail Explantation Utilizing Custom-Made Jig and Cortical Bone Windowing Technique in a Dog
Authors: Iversen James , Chong Wye-Li , Davey Jack , Michelsen Jacob 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA 4-year-old, female, neutered, Greyhound cross presented to the Animal Referral Hospital, Canberra, for assessment and surgical correction of a proximally exposed interlocking nail within the left tibia, which was placed 20 months earlier. Removal included the use of a custom-made jig and cortical windowing technique. This method of extraction worked to combine preexisting knowledge from within the human medical field, specifically total hip arthroplasty procedures, while employing a novel extraction tool. At the time of publication, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no similar methods had been described yet.
Long-Term Recurrent Intramedullary Arachnoid Cyst: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Afana Hatem B. , Kananeh Salman F.M. , Duraisamy Rajamagesh , Farah Abdulkadir , Figueiredo Nicandro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives This article reports the management of a case of a 32-year-old male who presented with progressive weakness in the lower limbs and spastic paraparesis secondary to an intramedullary arachnoid cyst (IMAC). For literature review, the authors used the phrase “intramedullary arachnoid cyst” in PubMed search engine. 23 articles describing cases with IMAC were included in this review, with a total of 26 patients.
Materials and Methods We report a case with long term recurrant intramedullary arachnoid cyst and present a review on spinal intramedullary arachnoid cyst.
Result IMAC is showing bimodal incidence and trending to occur below 10 years and after 30 years. However, rarely, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intramedullary cystic lesions. Authors suggest doing laminoplasty or fusion for the pediatric patients to prevent kyphoscoliosis deformity in the long run, but doing early surgery to gain better outcome. Resection of the cyst wall should be done as much as possible; if it could not be achieved, then marsupialization or cysto-subarachnoid shunt should be considered. Aspiration alone or fenestration is not enough to eradicate the cyst. Long-term and prospective studies are recommended to achieve the best treatment options.
Conclusion Review supports early surgical treatment of symptomatic IMACs with resection of the cyst wall as much as possible.
The Prognostic Value of Sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT Metabolic Parameters in Outcomes of Upper-Third Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Definitive Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Ha Le Ngoc , Chau Nguyen Dinh , Bieu Bui Quang , Son Mai Hong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to determine prognostic values of sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy.
Materials and Methods Forty locally advanced ESCC patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) who received pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT (PET1) and 3-months post-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT (PET2) were enrolled in the prospective study. 18F-FDG PET parameters of the primary tumor including maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax, SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were calculated on PET delineated primary tumor. Using Kaplan-Meier curves to estimated overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local-regional control (LRC). Cox regression analysis was performed to find significant prognostic factors for survival.
Results With a median follow-up of 13.5 months, the 4-year OS, PFS, and LRC rates were 67.3%, 52.6%, and 53.4% respectively. Patients with MTV 2 > 5.7 had lower OS, PFS, and LRC rates than the lower MTV 2 group (p < 0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that MTV2 was a significant prognostic factor for OS, PFS, and LRC (p < 0.05).
Conclusion MTV parameter of sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT could be used as a prognostic factor for OS, PFS, and LRC in locally advanced ESCC patients treated with dCRT.
3D-OSEM versus FORE + OSEM: Optimal Reconstruction Algorithm for FDG PET with a Short Acquisition Time
Authors: Tsuda Keisuke , Suzuki Takayuki , Toya Kazuhito , Sato Eisuke , Fujii Hirofumi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective In this study, we investigated the optimal reconstruction algorithm in fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with a short acquisition time.
Materials and Methods In the phantom study, six spheres filled with FDG solution (sphere size: 6.23–37 mm; radioactivity ratio of spheres to background = 8:1) and placed in a National Electrical Manufacturers Association phantom were evaluated. Image acquisition time was 15 to 180 seconds, and the obtained image data were reconstructed using each of the Fourier rebinning (FORE) + ordered subsets expectation-maximization (OSEM) and 3D-OSEM algorithms. In the clinical study, mid-abdominal images of 19 patients were evaluated using regions of interest placed on areas of low, intermediate, and high radioactivity. All obtained images were investigated visually, and quantitatively using maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) and coefficient of variation (CV).
Results In the phantom study, FORE + OSEM images with a short acquisition time had large CVs (poor image quality) but comparatively constant maximum SUVs. 3D-OSEM images showed comparatively constant CVs (good image quality) but significantly low maximum SUVs. The results of visual evaluation were well correlated with those of quantitative evaluation. Small spheres were obscured on 3D-OSEM images with short acquisition time, but image quality was not greatly deteriorated. The clinical and phantom studies yielded similar results.
Conclusion FDG PET images with a short acquisition time reconstructed by FORE + OSEM showed poorer image quality than by 3D-OSEM. However, images obtained with a short acquisition time and reconstructed with FORE + OSEM showed clearer FDG uptake and more useful than 3D-OSEM in the light of the detection of lesions.
Performance of young endophyte-free and endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) plants under partial and total submergence
Authors: Petigrosso Lucas R. , Vignolio Osvaldo R. , Gundel Pedro E. , Monterubbianesi María G. , Assuero Silvia G. 
Published: September 2023

Context Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a valuable temperate forage grass. Tall fescue plants associated with Epichloë fungal endophytes are successfully spreading in grassland regions that are recurrently exposed to flooding. Aims We asked whether the association with fungal endophytes increases plant performance under water excess. Methods In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated the differential performance of young endophyte-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue plants in response to 14 days of partial and total submergence. We included a wild local population and a cultivar, each with their respective fungal endophyte: the common endophyte and a safe (non-toxic) endophyte (AR584). Key results Relative to control (non-submerged) plants, and regardless of endophyte status, total submergence resulted in a significant growth reduction. At the end of the partial submergence period, the number of leaves per plant increased (21%) in the presence of the safe endophyte AR584 but decreased (18%) in the presence of the wild endophyte. Moreover, under partial submergence, the presence of wild endophyte decreased pseudostem dry weight by 10%. Conclusions Our results show that the presence of either the wild or the safe endophyte did not increase the performance of young tall fescue plants under submergence conditions. Implications Although all endophyte-free and endophyte-infected tall fescue plants survived submergence treatments, we cannot rule out that Epichloë endophytes might improve plant fitness under longer stressful submergence conditions. Future research should explore how endophytes modulate host performance under water excess, considering different phenological plant phases and/or co-occurrence with other stress factors (e.g. high temperatures).
The benefits and risks of child-dog attachment and child-dog behaviours for child psychological well-being
Authors: Hawkins Roxanne D. , Robinson Charlotte , McGuigan Nicola 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The importance of secure human attachments in childhood for healthy psychological development is well-established, yet the well-being implications of child-dog symbiotic relationships are less understood. Children form strong emotional bonds with their pet dogs that meet the prerequisites for an attachment relationship. These bonds can be mutually reinforcing and beneficial and could indicate positive child well-being. However, not all child-dog relationships are positive and here we explore whether harmful and unsafe interactions are associated with poorer emotional and behavioural functioning. The aim of this study was to examine whether the type of child-dog behaviour (positive or negative) mediates the relationship between child-dog attachment and well-being indicators. Data from caregiver reports (N = 117) and child self-reports (N = 77) were collected through an online survey. The results revealed that positive child-dog interactions significantly mediated the relationship between high attachment scores and better child outcomes (higher scores for well-being, positive outlook, happiness, quality of life, higher social satisfaction, and lower loneliness), whereas the reverse was found for negative child-dog interactions, predicting lower attachment scores and worse child outcomes (negative outlook, increased loneliness and social dissatisfaction, lower quality of life). This study has identified important mechanisms through which pet dogs may pose both benefits and risks to children’s psychological well-being. These findings will aid the development and evaluation of interventions that promote positive and safe child-dog interactions and subsequent child and dog psychological health and welfare.
Synchronous coordinates and gauge-invariant observables in cosmological spacetimes
Authors: Fröb Markus B , Lima William C C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We consider the relational approach to construct gauge-invariant observables in cosmological perturbation theory using synchronous coordinates. We construct dynamical synchronous coordinates as non-local scalar functionals of the metric perturbation in the fully non-linear theory in an arbitrary gauge. We show that the observables defined in this dynamical coordinate system are gauge-independent, and that the full perturbed metric has the expected form in these coordinates. Our construction generalises the familiar synchronous gauge in linearised gravity, widely used in cosmological perturbation theory, to the non-linear theory. We also work out the expressions for the gauge-invariant Einstein equation, sourced either by an ideal fluid or a scalar field up to second order in perturbation theory, and give explicit expressions for the Hubble rate—as measured by synchronous observers or by observers co-moving with the matter field—up to that order. Finally, we consider quantised linear perturbations around Minkowski and de Sitter backgrounds, and compute the two-point function of the gauge-invariant metric perturbation in synchronous coordinates, starting with two-point function in a general linear covariant gauge. Although the gauge-fixed two-point function contains gauge modes, we show that the resulting gauge-invariant two-point function only contains the physical tensor modes and it is thus positive, i. e. it has a spectral representation.
Micro gas chromatography column coated with ionic liquid/metal–organic framework composites as the stationary phase
Authors: Zhang Kangning , Wu Xinyu , Wang Dazuo , Hua Xinyuan , Zhang Ze , Li Peng , Tian Bing , Wang Hairong , Sun Jianhai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the μGC-IL/MOF and the μGC-IL were prepared using [P66614][NTf2]/ZIF-8 and [P66614][NTf2] as the stationary phase, respectively. [P66614][NTf2]/ZIF-8 composite stationary phase material has high specific surface area and porous structure, which increases the diffusion of gas molecules in the column. Compared to μGC-IL, μGC-IL/MOF can separate n-alkanes mixture (C5–C12) and lung cancer biomarkers (pentane, isoprene, acetone, benzene, 2-pentanone) with higher resolution, and the resolution (R) of pentane and isoprene was increased by 257.00% in particular. The μGC-IL/MOF can separate lung cancer biomarkers in about 5 min with optimal carrier gas velocity and column temperature. The retention times of pentane, isoprene, acetone, benzene, and 2-pentanone were 0.884 min, 1.246 min, 1.634 min, 2.204 min, and 3.049 min, respectively. The resolutions of adjacent peaks were 1.785, 1.525, 2.521, and 3.514, respectively. Which meets the requirements of quantitative analysis (R > 1.5). Therefore, the μGC-IL/MOF is expected to be integrated into portable devices for environmental monitoring and medical diagnosis in the future.
Development of multi-depth probing 3D microelectrode array to record electrophysiological activity within neural cultures
Authors: Yadav Neeraj , Lisa Donatella Di , Giacomozzi Flavio , Cian Alessandro , Giubertoni Damiano , Martinoia Sergio , Lorenzelli Leandro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) play a crucial role in investigating the electrophysiological activities of neuronal populations. Although two-dimensional neuronal cell cultures have predominated in neurophysiology in monitoring in-vitro the electrophysiological activity, recent research shifted toward culture using three-dimensional (3D) neuronal network structures for developing more sophisticated and realistic neuronal models. Nevertheless, many challenges remain in the electrophysiological analysis of 3D neuron cultures, among them the development of robust platforms for investigating the electrophysiological signal at multiple depths of the 3D neurons’ networks. While various 3D MEAs have been developed to probe specific depths within the layered nervous system, the fabrication of microelectrodes with different heights, capable of probing neural activity from the surface as well as from the different layers within the neural construct, remains challenging. This study presents a novel 3D MEA with microelectrodes of different heights, realized through a multi-stage mold-assisted electrodeposition process. Our pioneering platform allows meticulous control over the height of individual microelectrodes as well as the array topology, paving the way for the fabrication of 3D MEAs consisting of electrodes with multiple heights that could be tailored for specific applications and experiments. The device performance was characterized by measuring electrochemical impedance, and noise, and capturing spontaneous electrophysiological activity from neurospheroids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. These evaluations unequivocally validated the significant potential of our innovative multi-height 3D MEA as an avant-garde platform for in vitro 3D neuronal studies.