bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Base lubricants for green stamping: The effects of their structure and viscosity on tribological performance
Authors: Polajnar Marko , Čoga Lucija , Kalin Mitjan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe requirements for green and sustainable manufacturing mean that stamping lubricants must be continuously re-evaluated and re-designed. In this investigation, the tribological performance of four base oils with different chemical structures (paraffinic and naphthenic) and viscosities (2 and 20 cSt), as well as water, was evaluated for the stamping of steel sheets and compared with a non-lubricated contact. Most lubricants reduce the coefficient of friction and maintain a similar wear coefficient for steel sheets as in dry contacts. Low-viscosity (LV) naphthenic oil performs very like both high-viscosity (HV) oils. A surprising exception is the LV paraffinic oil, with several-times-higher friction and wear compared to dry contact. This is due to the excellent wetting-spreading and very low cohesion forces that enable oil to escape from extremely thin-film contacts because the viscosity is so low, leading to lubricant starvation. In contrast, HV oils provide a sufficiently thick lubricating film, while strong cohesive forces help in the film’s strength, lessening wear, and reducing friction. In thin-film lubrication with LV oils, such as when stamping, it is thus extremely important that the lubricant’s wetting behaviour and viscosity are sufficient to provide enough film in the contact and prevent starvation, thus ensuring lower friction, less wear, and a longer lifetime of the contact.
Commentary on Kempe, the Next 50 Years
Authors: Wells Kathryn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper provides a reflection on the evolution of child maltreatment systems and research across the globe during the time since the establishment of the Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect (Kempe Center) over 50 years ago. While research has demonstrated that children who are victims of maltreatment have poorer outcomes than their peers, it is also clear that the child welfare workforce faces workforce challenges, and the system established 50 years ago is not the same as it is today. Efforts to move this field of study forward in a changing world rely upon the understanding of child abuse and neglect in the broader culture of our world, including disentangling poverty and social structures from neglect, supporting underrepresented people and communities, and identifying how best to balance the role of child welfare with community services. The Kempe Center’s continued commitment to a multidisciplinary approach to understanding, preventing, and treating child maltreatment, while challenging professional and social reticence to address complex contributing issues and the impact of historical actions, is at the core of its work looking forward to the next 50 years. The continued focus of centering research as a critical component in moving the field forward in just and equitable ways is demonstrated in this sampling of current efforts to support better outcomes for children and families.
Optimal sequential decision making with probabilistic digital twins
Authors: Agrell Christian , Rognlien Dahl Kristina , Hafver Andreas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, we present a formal definition of the probabilistic digital twin (PDT). Digital twins are emerging in many industries, typically consisting of simulation models and data associated with a specific physical system. In order to define probabilistic digital twins, we discuss how epistemic uncertainty can be treated using measure theory, by modelling epistemic information via $$\sigma$$
σ
-algebras. A gentle introduction to the necessary mathematical theory is provided throughout the paper, together with a number of examples to illustrate the core concepts. We then introduce the problem of optimal sequential decision making. That is, when the outcome of each decision may inform the next. We discuss how this problem may be solved theoretically, and the current limitations that prohibit most practical applications. As a numerically tractable alternative, we propose a generic approximate solution using deep reinforcement learning together with neural networks defined on sets. We illustrate the method on a practical problem, considering optimal information gathering for the estimation of a failure probability.
Effect of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema species (steinernematidae: rhabditida) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (heterorhabditidae: rhabditida) on the digestive enzymes and midgut histology of the African migratory locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides (acrididae: orthoptera)
Authors: Fathy Zeinab , El-Rahman Randa Mohammed Abd 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn some governorates of Egypt, the African migratory locust L. migratoria migratorioides is in a gregarious phase. Swarm development was successfully prevented by biological control agents. In this work, the two entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema sp. (SII)and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88) were investigated as natural enemies against the fifth nymph and adult African locusts at various concentrations (300, 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 Infected juveniles/100 g. soil). To ascertain fatal activity at 25 °C, the nematode-inoculated sand method was used. The two nematode species were semi-field administered against fifth nymphs and adult stages at (25 ± 2 °C) and 55–60% relative humidity with concentrations (3000, 6000, 9000, 12000, and 15000 Infected juveniles/kg. soil). Protease, amylase, invertase, and trehalase levels in the digestive enzymes of both fifth nymphs and adults fed with LC50 of both nematodes significantly decreased, but lipase and chitinase levels significantly increased. Adult locusts treated with the LC50 of S. sp. SII had basophilic epithelial cells, severe lumen hemorrhage, and highly aberrant proliferating cytoplasm, whereas the LC50 of H. bacteriophora HP88 displayed necrosis in an epithelial cell with vacuoles, loss of nucleus, and loss of goblet cells.
A human Caco-2-based co-culture model of the inflamed intestinal mucosa for particle toxicity studies
Authors: Paul Maxi B. , Schlief Marén , Daher Hannes , Braeuning Albert , Sieg Holger , Böhmert Linda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe intestinal barrier is a complex interface of the human body, possessing the largest contact surface to nutrients and antigens and containing a major part of the immune system. It has to deal with continuous exposure to a broad mixture of essential, harmful, or useless substances and particles. In the context of plastic pollution and the ubiquitous occurrence of micro- and nanoplastics, oral exposure to such particles is of particular interest. Standard intestinal in vitro models, however, are unable to mimic the role of the immune system in the particle-exposed intestine. To allow for a closer look on the effect of particles on the intestinal immune system, we here developed a co-culture model to enable investigation of the epithelial brush border monolayer in a healthy and inflamed state. The model is based on well-established Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells cultured in a Transwell™ system. Intraepithelial immune cells were mimicked by THP-1-derived M0-macrophages and MUTZ-3-derived dendritic cells. To fulfill the requirements needed for the investigation of particles, the co-culture system was developed without an additional matrix layer. Cell–cell contacts were established between interstitial and immune cells, and the Caco-2 standard cell culture medium was used, which is well-characterized for its role in defining the identity of particle dispersions. The model was characterized using confocal microscopy, membrane integrity measurements, and cytokine release assays from inflamed and healthy cells. Finally, the new co-culture model was used for investigation on polylactic acid, melamine formaldehyde resin, and polymethylmethacrylate plastic micro- and nanoparticles.
Can You Hear Me? Speech and Power in the Global Digital Town Square
Authors: Powell Catherine 
Published: March 2023

On April 25, news broke that Elon Musk and Twitter had reached a deal wherein Musk would buy Twitter for $44 billion. When and whether the deal will actually be finalized is up in the air, however. Musk's recent tweet that the Twitter deal is on hold, combined with his call for the U.S. Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) to investigate the amount of spam and bot accounts on Twitter, has contributed to uncertainty among investors about the future of the deal. Twitter stock has dropped, and the departure of high-level staff at Twitter has also signaled that the future of Musk's Twitter acquisition is murky.
Does Being Kind, Warm and Accepting Towards Yourself Affect Your Well-Being? A Study of Construction Apprentices in New Zealand
Authors: Caldwell Georgina , Tairi Tatiana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn Australia and New Zealand, young construction workers have high suicide rates that are associated with increased psychological distress. Research so far has focused on risk factors, such as workplace bullying during young workers’ apprenticeship training. However, there is a gap in research on factors associated with fostering psychological well-being and the development of strength-based interventions for the industry. One factor which is related to psychological well-being is self-compassion, the ability to be empathic towards oneself during times of suffering or failure. The present study (N= 252) examined relationships between self-compassion, psychological well-being, psychological distress and exposure to workplace bullying in New Zealand construction apprentices. Results showed that self-compassion was positively and significantly related to psychological well-being and negatively related to psychological distress. Self-compassion also uniquely predicted all of the six dimensions of psychological well-being. Experiences of workplace bullying and psychological distress were substantial, and workplace bullying was positively related to psychological distress. Contrary to our hypothesis, self-compassion did not moderate the association between bullying and psychological distress. Overall, these findings indicate that self-compassion interventions may have promise as a mechanism to improve the well-being of construction apprentices.
The influence of subsurface architecture on scour hole formation in the Rhine–Meuse delta, the Netherlands
Authors: Knaake Sebastian M. , Stouthamer Esther , Straatsma Menno W. , Huismans Ymkje , Cohen Kim M. , Middelkoop Hans 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Scour holes are common features in deltaic rivers which can destabilise embankments through oversteepening of the river bed. Their development has been studied extensively from the hydraulic perspective, but another important control is the erodibility of the river bed which varies considerably due to thickening of heterogeneous deltaic substrate towards the coast. Therefore, we assessed the influence of delta-scale geological heterogeneity and local subsurface architecture on scour hole formation in addition to the hydrodynamic controls. We (1) created an inventory of 165 scour hole locations in the Rhine–Meuse delta, (2) assessed the hydrodynamic conditions at the locations, (3) extracted geometric characteristics and (4) determined the subsurface architecture from geological data. Central and lower delta branches have 0.6–0.7 scours per km while upper delta branches have less than 0.2. Downstream, 58% of scour holes were related to architectural elements, notably sand bodies from former Holocene channel belts and Early Holocene cohesive beds. These scours have steeper slopes due to higher proportions of cohesive sediments near the river bed. Furthermore, scours related to channel belt sand bodies are limited in downstream length and depth, up to maximum of approximately two times the water depth. From our results, we provide a delta-scale explanatory framework that relates the position of present-day river channels with respect to Pleistocene river deposits and Holocene fluvio-deltaic deposits to scour hole formation. Upstream rivers are incised in Pleistocene deposits showing less local variation in erodibility. The majority of scour holes here relate to engineering works. In central and lower delta branches, geologically inherited heterogeneity of the Holocene substrate at critical depths near the channel bottom adds to anthropogenic induced scours and results in high abundances. This demonstrates that downstream variation in subsurface architecture should be considered as a key control on scour locations and characteristics for management purposes.
Sea Harrier — the first of the new wave
Authors: Fozard J. W. 
Published: March 2023

This much is certain: that he that commands the sea is at great liberty, and may take as much and as little of the war as he will.Francis Bacon: EssaysI was both honoured and pleased to be invited to give this Mitchell Memorial Lecture. Aside from the personal gratification there were, and still are, two other substantial reasons for my satisfaction:(i) Mitchell, and his distinguished contemporary, Camm, are without doubt still the best-known names in British aircraft design. Both were heroes of my boyhood—I had not yet taken my eleven plus at the time of R. J. Mitchell’s death. Later, I worked for 16 years for and with Sir Sydney.This lecture therefore provides me with an opportunity formally to express the lifelong respect I have always had, in absentia, for R. J. Mitchell and his achievements.(ii) The Southampton Branch Committee were tolerably firm in their invitation: ‘Sea Harrier’, they said. Since at the time Sea Harrier was occupying —and still fills—over 75% of my professional lot, I was specially pleased with the choice of subjects offered.
Future large civil turbofans and powerplants
Authors: Wilde G. L. 
Published: March 2023

The Short brothers were pioneers in the true sense of the word. They were inspired by the vision of flight and had the driving force while still in their early twenties to build and fly their own balloons (Refs. 1, 2). Through their practical skill and thoroughness they were soon making balloons for other enthusiasts, including the Hon. C. S. Rolls, a co-founder of my Company. Horace Short, the Hon. C. S. Rolls and Griffith Brewer are seen with the Wright brothers in the Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost in 1908 (Fig. 1).For centuries man had dreamed of flying. Kites, gliders, balloons and ornithopters were built but none achieved sustained controlled flight until the brilliant practical experimental work of the Wright brothers brought success in 1903. Some gloomy predictions of eminent academics were thus confounded.
The simple arithmetic and hard facts of our survival and standard of living
Authors: Hall P. G. 
Published: March 2023

Tosurvive,every employee inBritishAerospace must recover or earn in the market place, each and every year:Salary (including overtime, pension, social security, etc)£4400(a)(69%)External Costs of running plant, offices, etc (bought-out services)£700(11 %)Surplus (corporation tax, re-investments, (depreciation and/or expansion), interest on borrowed money, etc)£1250(20%)£6350(b)(These figures are the approximate actual figures for every employee in the British Aerospace Corporation in the year 1977.)
Carrots over Sticks? Mothers’ Pensions and Child Labor in the Early 20th Century U.S.
Authors: Anderson Elisabeth , Kornrich Sabino , Abdelhadi Eman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile existing research suggests that nineteenth-century child labor laws largely failed to significantly reduce children’s workforce participation, we examine whether policies that tackled the problem by providing aid – rather than by penalizing work – were more effective. Between 1910 and 1920, forty U.S. states enacted mothers’ pension programs, giving needy “deserving” mothers, typically widows, cash aid to support their dependent children. One purpose of the programs was to reduce child labor. However, we find no negative relationship between child labor and the generosity of states’ mothers’ pension laws. Furthermore, we find no negative relationship between child labor and county-level mothers’ pension generosity, in terms of expenditures, in the seven states for which we have data. We attribute this to the small size of the pensions as well as the programs’ limited coverage and general lack of conditionality on children’s behaviors, such as attending school or not engaging in paid work. We also note states’ and counties’ limited administrative capacity to enforce eligibility requirements, such as school attendance, where these existed.
Quasiperiodic ELF/VLF Emissions Associated With Corresponding Pulsations of the Geomagnetic Field
Authors: Hajoš M. , Němec F. , Demekhov A. , Santolík O. , Parrot M. , Raita T. , Bezděková B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a comparison between properties of quasiperiodic (QP) extra low frequency/very low frequency emissions observed by the low‐altitude DEMETER spacecraft and ultra‐low frequency (ULF) geomagnetic field pulsations measured on the ground by the Canadian Array for Realtime Investigations of Magnetic Activity system of flux‐gate magnetometers and by the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory magnetometer. Altogether, we have analyzed 398 QP events observed at the times when DEMETER was close to the ground‐based magnetometers. The modulation periods of the analyzed QP events were larger than 10 s and their frequency bandwidths were larger than 200 Hz. For a part of QP emissions with modulation periods about 30 s, there was a good agreement between the modulation periods and peak frequencies of ULF magnetic field pulsations measured on the ground. These QP emissions appear to be closely associated with coincident geomagnetic pulsations (QP1 type), and they represent ∼18% of the total number of analyzed QP events. No corresponding geomagnetic pulsations were identified in the remaining 82% of QP events (QP2 type). The intensity of QP1 events does not seem to correlate with the intensity of geomagnetic field pulsations, while the intensity of QP2 events increases with the integral intensity of geomagnetic field pulsations. Based on the observed association between QP emissions and geomagnetic field pulsations, we estimate the radial distance of the generation region of QP1 emissions to L ∼ 7.
Modulation of Asymmetric Inner‐Core Convection on Midlevel Ventilation Leading up to the Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Lekima (2019)
Authors: Shi Donglei , Chen Guanghua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how the asymmetric inner‐core convection can modulate midlevel ventilation preceding rapid intensification (RI) of sheared tropical cyclones (TC) based on two numerical experiments of Typhoon Lekima (2019) with warm (CTL) and relatively cool (SSTA0) sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The midlevel ventilation is dominated by an inflow layer between heights of 5 and 10 km in the upshear‐left quadrant, while the convective development in the upshear‐left quadrant acts to induce asymmetric midlevel outflow. These outflows, together with the reduced tilt, lessen the strength of midlevel inflow in a quadrant‐mean sense. Due to a slower boundary‐layer recovery of low‐entropy air over cooler SST, convective development in the upshear‐left quadrant in SSTA0 is suppressed, causing stronger midlevel inflows than that in CTL. A backward trajectory analysis initialized near the RI onset of CTL shows that the TC in CTL is less susceptible to the intrusion of midlevel dry air from left‐of‐shear and upshear‐left quadrant due to the weaker upshear‐left midlevel inflow. Moreover, the intruding air parcels in SSTA0 tend to originate farther away from TC center and lower the eyewall equivalent potential temperature more effectively. A column‐integrated moist static energy (MSE) budget reveals a dramatic increase in MSE in inner‐core region associated with the positive changes of horizontal MSE advection radially outward of enhanced convective rainbands preceding RI onset in CTL. In contrast, the MSE increases more slowly in SSTA0 due to the weaker upshear convection, inducing a less favorable thermodynamic conditions that is potentially responsible for a delayed RI onset.
Disposal From In Situ Bitumen Recovery Induced the ML 5.6 Peace River Earthquake
Authors: Schultz Ryan , Woo Jeong‐Ung , Pepin Karissa , Ellsworth William L. , Zebkar Howard , Segall Paul , Gu Yu Jeffrey , Samsonov Sergey 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEarthquakes induced by human activities can impede the development of underground resources. Significant induced events (M5) have caused both economic and human losses. The recent ML 5.6 (MW 5.1) event near Peace River, Alberta occurs in a region of in situ bitumen recovery. We find that 3.4 cm of ground deformation was caused by reverse fault slip (∼29 cm), possibly related to Peace River Arch faulting. Events are located within the shallow basement, nearby to significant wastewater injection into Paleozoic strata. We find a statistical relationship between earthquakes and injection operations. These events were likely related to the in situ bitumen development: dominantly from wastewater disposal induced pore pressure increases, with smaller poroelastic contributions from bitumen recovery. The assessment of this earthquake as induced will likely have implications for future energy development, management, and regulation—including carbon capture and blue hydrogen.
Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway
Authors: Kim Jeonghan , Kim Ho-Shik , Chung Jay H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn addition to constituting the genetic material of an organism, DNA is a tracer for the recognition of foreign pathogens and a trigger of the innate immune system. cGAS functions as a sensor of double-stranded DNA fragments and initiates an immune response via the adaptor protein STING. The cGAS-STING pathway not only defends cells against various DNA-containing pathogens but also modulates many pathological processes caused by the immune response to the ectopic localization of self-DNA, such as cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and extranuclear chromatin. In addition, macrophages can cause inflammation by forming a class of protein complexes called inflammasomes, and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome requires the release of oxidized mtDNA. In innate immunity related to inflammasomes, mtDNA release is mediated by macropores that are formed on the outer membrane of mitochondria via VDAC oligomerization. These macropores are specifically formed in response to mitochondrial stress and tissue damage, and the inhibition of VDAC oligomerization mitigates this inflammatory response. The rapidly expanding area of research on the mechanisms by which mtDNA is released and triggers inflammation has revealed new treatment strategies not only for inflammation but also, surprisingly, for neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.