bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Social Exclusion and the Feeling of Hunger
Authors: Kaneko Michihiro , Ueda Yoshiyuki , Ozaki Yuka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSocial exclusion increases appetitive responses. Whether the feeling of hunger, the preceding phase of the appetitive response, is enhanced by exclusion remains unclear. To better understand the psychological mechanism behind the promotion of appetitive responses, we investigated whether the feeling of hunger is stronger after social exclusion than after inclusion. We manipulated participants' social exclusion status using a computer programmed Cyberball game in which they were either excluded or included by two other players in a ball‐tossing game. We measured hunger as a subjective experience immediately after the game. The results indicated that participants who were socially excluded reported an increased feeling of hunger compared with those who were included. It indicates that when the feeling of hunger is evoked, appetitive responses occur when people are socially excluded.
Effects of antioxidant supplementation on bone mineral density, bone mineral content and bone structure in healthy men during 60 days of 6° head‐down tilt bed rest: Results from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Austermann Katharina , Baecker Natalie , Zwart Sara R. , Fimmers Rolf , Stehle Peter , Smith Scott M. , Heer Martina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDietary countermeasures to mitigate detrimental spaceflight‐induced effects on bone health would alleviate the requirements and the consequences imposed by other types of countermeasures for this risk. We hypothesised that antioxidant supplementation during 60 days of 6° head‐down tilt bed rest (HDBR), an analogue of spaceflight, would have a protective effect on bone mineral density (BMD), content (BMC) and bone structure parameters. An exploratory, randomised, controlled, single‐blind intervention trial was conducted in a parallel design with 20 healthy male volunteers (age 34 ± 8 y, weight 74 ± 6 kg). The study included 14 days of baseline data collection (BDC) before bed rest, followed by 60 days of HDBR and a 14‐day recovery period. Ten subjects in the antioxidant group received a supplement (741 mg/d polyphenols, 2.1 g/d omega‐3 fatty acids, 168 mg/d vitamin E and 80 μg/d selenium) daily. Ten subjects in the control group received no supplement. The diet was consistent with dietary reference intakes, individually tailored based on the subject's bodyweight and strictly controlled. We measured whole‐body, lumbar spine and femur BMD and BMC, as well as BMD of the cortical and trabecular compartments of the distal radius and tibia, and cortical and trabecular thickness during BDC, HDBR and recovery. Data were analysed using linear mixed models. The supplementation of an antioxidant cocktail did not mitigate the deteriorating effects of HDBR on BMD, BMC and bone structure parameters. Our findings do not support a recommendation for antioxidant supplementation for astronauts.
Technological innovation, natural resources, financial inclusion, and environmental degradation in BRI economies
Authors: Ali Kishwar , Jianguo Du , Kirikkaleli Dervis , Bács Zoltán , Oláh Judit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis research aimed to examine the relationship between financial inclusion (FNI), technological innovation (TIN), and natural resources (NRS) and their impact on environmental degradation in the 45‐belt and road initiative (BRI) region from 2001 to 2018. The study utilized advanced econometric techniques, including the generalized method of moments–panel vector autoregressive, as well as traditional methods such as ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares, to examine the relationship between these factors and environmental degradation, measured by carbon footprint (CFP) and ecological footprint (EFP). The long‐run estimate confirms that NRS and FNI appear to have led to higher regional CFPs and EFP pressure. Meanwhile, the relationship with TIN, economic governance institutions (government effectiveness and regularity quality), and human capital contribute to overcoming environmental degradation and increasing environmental sustainability. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers and central authorities in the BRI region to address environmental degradation and promote sustainable development.
Relationship between the Depth of Acetabuloplasty and Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy in Patients with Global Pincer Femoroacetabular Impingement: Study with a Minimum Follow‐Up Period of 2 Years
Authors: Ju Xiao‐Dong , He Zi‐Yi , Dang Han‐Han , Zhang Xin , Zhang Zhu , Xu Yan , Huang Hong‐Jie , Wang Jian‐Quan 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThere has been no definite consensus on the ideal depth of acetabuloplasty, especially in cases of global pincer femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). This study aims to determine whether the depth of acetabuloplasty influences postoperative outcomes in cases of global pincer FAI.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from patients with global pincer FAI who underwent hip arthroscopy with a minimum follow‐up period of 2 years from May 2014 to December 2018. Patients with global pincer FAI were subdivided into low or high resection depth groups based on whether the intraoperative acetabular rim was resected by more than 3 mm. Radiographic measurements; arthroscopic procedures; preoperative and postoperative PROs were recorded. Achievement of MCID and PASS was compared for the VAS, mHHS, HOS‐ADL, and iHOT‐12. A paired Student t‐test was used to evaluate the significance of preoperative and postoperative PROs and two‐tailed unpaired Student t‐test was used to compare demographic data and PROs between different groups. MCID and PASS were evaluated using the chi‐square test or the Fisher's exact test.ResultsA total of 41 hips with global pincer FAI (15 and 26 patients in low or high resection depth groups, respectively) were included in this study. Both groups showed significant postoperative improvements in the scores of all PROs (p < 0.001). Compared to the low resection depth group, the high resection depth group had a lower degree of improvement through hip arthroscopy, which manifested as lower postoperative mHHS scores (94.29 vs. 85.08, p = 0.006), higher VAS scores (0.93 vs. 2.54, p = 0.002), and lower improvements in VAS (−5.00 vs. −3.35, p = 0.028), HOS‐ADL (34.99 vs. 23.90, p = 0.017) and iHOT‐12 (39.89 vs. 29.27, p = 0.036). Patients in high resection depth group were less likely to achieve the MCID for the VAS score compared to low resection depth group in significant (73.3 vs. 26.9%, p = 0.004).ConclusionsFor patients with global pincer, the outcomes in high resection depth group were slightly worse than the the low resection depth group. It is indicated that excessive resection of the acetabular rim during the procedure should be avoided.
Multiple Hemivertebrae: The Natural History and Treatment of 50 Patients
Authors: Hu Bowen , Wang Linnan , Song Yueming , Yang Xi , Liu Limin , Zhou Chunguang 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveMultiple hemivertebrae (MHV) is defined as three or more hemivertebrae, and is relatively uncommon among patients with congenital scoliosis. This study aimed to compare the natural history of different kinds of MHV and describe the surgical outcome of MHV.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, a total of 50 patients diagnosed with MHV were enrolled from June 2007 to June 2018. The medical records and radiographs of these patients were reviewed to summarize the characteristics of MHV. Patients with MHV were divided into the unbalanced (UB) group, partially unbalanced (PUB) group, and completely balanced (CB) group. Medical records and radiographs of MHV patients were reviewed to collect HV position, natural history, coronal and sagittal parameters. A Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the radiographical data, such as the cobb angle of main curve and secondary curve, and Fisher's exact test was used to compare the patients in different kinds of MHV with surgical indication or not.ResultsThe average number of hemivertebrae was 3.6 and the average main curve was 57.5°. Twenty‐four of 50 patients had associated anomalies, including four patients with sacral agenesis, one with tetralogy of Fallot, two with congenital imperforate anus, and 17 with Klippel‐Feil syndrome. In 22 patients who underwent MRI imaging, three patients had mild syringomyelia and three patients had diastematomyelia. The UB and PUB groups had a larger main curve and compensatory curve than the CB group. Of the 25 patients with follow‐up before surgery, the curve progression rate was highest in the UB group (12.1°/year) but similar in the PUB group (4.2°/year) and CB group (3.6°/year). All patients in the UB and PUB group met the criteria for surgery. In contrast, only 10 of 23 patients in the CB group had surgical indications. Eighteen of the 37 patients with surgical indications chose to undergo surgery and the correction rate of the main curve was 51.4%.ConclusionsEarly surgical intervention should be considered for most patients with UB or PUB MHV. For patients with CB MHV, surgical treatment may not be urgently needed at the first visit. Posterior hemivertebrectomy could be used for the treatment of MHV with satisfying radiographic outcome.
COVID‐19 Policy Interventions and Fertility Dynamics in the Context of Pre‐Pandemic Welfare Support
Authors: Plach Samuel , Aassve Arnstein , Cavalli Nicolò , Mencarini Letizia , Sanders Seth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to explain fertility dynamics during the pandemic, while considering countries’ institutional context. We argue that containment policies disrupted people's lives and increased their uncertainty more in countries with weak welfare support systems, while health‐related and economic support NPIs mitigated such disruptions much more there, as they were less expected by citizens. We estimate monthly “excess” crude birth rates (CBRs) and find that countries with low public support—Southern Europe, East Asia, and Eastern Europe—experienced larger decreases and less of a rebound in CBRs than countries with histories of high public spending—Western, Central, and Northern Europe. However, in low support countries, NPIs are much more strongly associated with excess CBRs—containment NPIs more negatively and health and economic support NPIs more positively—with the exception of the one‐month lag of containment NPIs, for which the opposite holds. When putting these coefficients into broader perspective, our findings suggest that the actual implementation of all NPIs taken together mitigated fertility declines. This is especially the case for low public support countries, whereas one might have seen a birth decline even in high support countries if the NPIs were not implemented.
The EU43 genotype of Phytophthora infestans displays resistance to mandipropamid
Authors: Abuley Isaac K. , Lynott James S. , Hansen Jens G. , Cooke David E. L. , Lees Alison K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMandipropamid is an active ingredient in the carboxylic acid amide group of fungicides and plays a key role in current potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) management programmes. However, reports from Danish potato growers in 2022 suggested that mandipropamid had lost its efficacy. A study was therefore conducted to investigate the sensitivity of isolates collected from fields in which mandipropamid had been reported to be ineffective. Seventy‐two isolates of P. infestans collected from potato fields in Denmark were genotyped using microsatellite markers, revealing a dominance of the clonal lineage EU43 and fewer isolates of EU41 and ‘other’ genetically distinct genotypes. Isolates belonging to the EU43 and EU41 lineages were selected, in addition to representative isolates of clones EU36 and EU37 from Scotland, and tested for sensitivity to mandipropamid at five concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 μg/mL on potato leaf discs (cultivar Maris Piper). The EU43 genotype infected leaf discs at all tested concentrations, and therefore no dose–response curve could be calculated. A dose response was observed for isolates of genotypes EU36, EU37 and EU41 with EC50 values ranging from 0.35 to 0.75 μg/mL. Field experiments confirmed resistance of tested isolates of genotype EU43 to mandipropamid, with no significant difference in the area under the disease curve between the untreated and mandipropamid treatments. Analysis of the Danish population of P. infestans showed that EU43 was widely distributed across the country. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of resistance to mandipropamid in P. infestans.
DNase analysed by a novel competitive assay in patients with complications after ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccination and in normal unvaccinated blood donors
Authors: Fagerhol Magne Kristoffer , Schultz Nina Haagenrud , Mirlashari Mohammad Reza , Wiedmann Markus Karl Hermann , Nissen‐Meyer Lise Sofie Haug , Søraas Arne Vasli Lund , Hetland Geir 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIncreased levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been detected in individuals with vaccine complications after the ChAdOx1 nCov vaccine with a correlation between the severity of vaccine side effects and the level of NETosis. DNases may disrupt NETs by degrading their content of DNA, and a balance has been reported between NETs and DNases. Because of this and since the inflammatory marker NETs may be used as a confirmatory test in diagnosing VITT, it is of interest to monitor levels of DNase in patients with increased NETs levels. The current novel rapid DNase ELISA was tested in blood samples of patients with known increased levels of NETs with or without VITT after ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccination. DNase levels in VITT patients were significantly increased compared with normal unvaccinated blood donors and compared with patients with post‐vaccination symptoms but not VITT. However, since EDTA was found to inhibit DNase, serum and not EDTA‐plasma samples should be applied for DNase testing. The novel DNase assay may serve as a supplementary test to the NETs test when analysing samples from patients with suspected increased NETs levels.
Effects of high‐intensity interval training on trajectories of gas‐exchange measures and blood lactate concentrations during cardiopulmonary exercise tests in cardiac rehabilitation—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Heber Stefan , Gleiss Andreas , Kuzdas‐Sallaberger Marina , Hausharter Maria , Matousek Melanie , Ocenasek Helmuth , Fischer Beatrix , Volf Ivo , Pokan Rochus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal allocation of training time to different intensities in cardiac rehabilitation is still under debate. The objective of this study was to explore whether in a 12‐week cardiac rehabilitation program, replacement of two of four usual continuous endurance training (CET) sessions per week with energy expenditure‐matched high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) affects the trajectories of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) variables such as ventilatory equivalents for O2 (EqO2) and CO2 (EqCO2), and blood lactate (BLa) during CPET.MethodsEighty‐two male patients undergoing outpatient cardiac rehabilitation after an acute coronary syndrome were randomized to CET (age [mean ± SD] 61.7 ± 9.8 years, body mass index [BMI] 28.1 ± 3.4) or HIIT+CET (60.0 ± 9.4 years, BMI 28.5 ± 3.5). CPET was performed at baseline, after 6 and after 12 weeks. HIIT consisted of ten 60‐s bouts of cycling at an intensity of 100% of the maximal power output (Pmax) achieved in an incremental test to exhaustion, interspersed with 60 s at 20% Pmax. CET was performed at 60% Pmax with equal duration. Training intensities were adjusted after 6 weeks to account for the training‐induced improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness. The entire functions defining the relationship between EqO2, EqCO2, and BLa, with power output were modeled using linear mixed models to assess how these trajectories are affected by HIIT.ResultsAfter 6 and 12 weeks, Pmax increased to 112.9% and 117.5% of baseline after CET, and to 113.9% and 124.7% after HIIT+CET (means). Twelve weeks of HIIT+CET elicited greater reductions of EqO2 and EqCO2 than CET alone (p < 0.0001 each) in a range above 100% baseline Pmax. Specifically, at 100% of baseline Pmax, least squares arithmetic mean EqO2 values of CET and HIIT+CET patients were 36.2 versus 33.5. At 115% and 130% of baseline Pmax, EqO2 values were 41.2 versus 37.1 and 47.2 versus 41.7. Similarly, corresponding EqCO2 values of CET and HIIT+CET patients were 32.4 versus 31.0, 34.3 versus 32.2, and 37.0 versus 34.0. Conversely, mean BLa levels (mM) were not differently affected (p = 0.64). At 100%, 115%, and 130% of baseline Pmax after 12 weeks, BLa levels did not differ to a relevant extent (least squares geometric means, 3.56 vs. 3.63, 5.59 vs. 5.61, 9.27 vs. 9.10).ConclusionsWhile HIIT+CET reduced ventilatory equivalents more effectively than CET alone, specifically when patients were approaching their maximal performance during CPET, both training strategies were equally effective in reducing BLa levels.
Numerical Investigations of Water Column Responses at Different Moonpool Locations Within a Fixed Vessel
Authors: Garad Suraj , Bhattacharyya Anirban , Datta Ranadev 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The oscillating water column (OWC) responses within forward, central, and aft located moonpools for a fixed rectangular vessel are studied numerically under regular head wave conditions using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-based computational fluid dynamics calculations. The free surface elevation of the confined water inside the moonpool for the piston mode frequencies is studied independently for the forward, central, and aft moonpools, showing a strong dependence on location, draft, and incident wave frequency. The relative response is largely magnified for wave frequencies around the resonant range. It is observed that the free surface response amplitude is significantly higher in the forward moonpool location, and the results are in well comparison with experiments performed in the towing tank. The variation of dynamic pressure and its influence on the moonpool responses is investigated to understand the position-specific fluctuations, which showed the presence of harmonics. The phase difference between the water column oscillations within the moonpool and the propagating wave in the domain depends on its position. Finally, the effect of the moonpool in modifying the pressure field is studied by comparison with a vessel without moonpool for a common incident wave frequency.
Performance of Modified Conical Solar Still Integrated With Continuous Volume Flowrate
Authors: Abdallah Salah , Aldarabseh Safa M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Solar energy desalination process is the most efficient and cost-effective method for producing fresh water from saline water by employing solar energy from the sun's free source of heat. In the current study, experimental and theoretical methods were used to investigate the performance of a novel design of conical solar still integrated with conical glass cover and conical basin area with continuous volume flowrate at different values of volume flowrate, 80, 60, and 40 mL/s compared to traditional solar still. Experimental results showed that maximum productivity and efficiency can be achieved by utilizing the conical solar still at a lower volume flowrate of saline water. Highest efficiency can be obtained by utilizing traditional single solar still (TSS), conical solar still with a volume flowrate of 80 mL/s (CSSF), conical solar still with a volume flowrate of 60 mL/sec (CSSH), conical solar still with a volume flowrate of 40 mL/sec (CSQ), and conical solar still with volume flowrate of 40 mL/sec with an array of the mirror (CSQM) on average is 28.2, 42.04, 53.78, 63.4, and 69.15%, respectively. Freshwater productivity of CSQ was enhanced by employing the arrays of the mirror. Daily freshwater productivity of CSSF, CSSH, CSQ, and CSQM was enhanced on average by 221.5%, 160.4%, 157%, and 174.7%, respectively, over the freshwater productivity of TSS. Theoretical model is obtained utilizing mathcad software and is validated by comparing it with experimental findings. The theoretical results obtained from the mathematical model are in good agreement with the experimental results.
A Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Power Loss of Gearbox Based on Dimensionless Analysis
Authors: Guo Dong , Wen Guobin , Wang Yawen , Luo Dongyuan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A prediction model of gearbox power loss based on dimensionless analysis is proposed. First, the dimensional model of gearbox power loss is established based on similarity criterion, dimensional harmony principle, and fluid mechanics π theorem. Then, the experimental study is carried out on a power loss test bench. Based on the measured data and multiple linear regression method, the coefficients of the influencing factors are calculated, including gear design parameters, lubrication oil parameters, and operating conditions. To validate the prediction model, the gear pairs were tested under various operating conditions, and two new gear sets with different helical angles were also included. The comparison results show good consistency between the measured data and predicted values. The proposed model can be employed to effectively predict the power loss of gearbox and improve the gearbox efficiency.
PivNG primers and probes set used in the cobas omni Utility Channel is a reliable supplemental test for detection ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaein oropharyngeal, urogenital and rectal specimens collected in cobas PCR Media
Authors: Hopkins Mark , Arcenas Rodney , Couto-Parada Xose , Lewinski Michael , Njoya Merlin , Perinpanathan Deva , Sheriff Rizwaan , Hansra Avneet , Singh Selena 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical performance of the novel PivNG primers and probes set (PivNG test) used in the cobas omni Utility Channel for supplemental testing ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG).MethodsOropharyngeal, urogenital and rectal samples were self-collected during routine testing at Barts Health sexual health clinics, London, UK. Samples were tested by the cobas CT/NG test and PivNG cobas omni Utility Channel test on cobas 6800/8800 Systems. Supplemental testing was carried out with the Xpert CT/NG test. PivNG overall percent agreements, positive percent agreements (PPAs)/negative percent agreements (NPAs) and positive/negative predictive values were calculated for each sample type. Microscopy and/or culture data were included for a randomised subset of concordant/discordant results, and a composite reference standard (cobas CT/NG, Xpert CT/NG and culture results) adjusted for partial verification bias was used to determine PivNG PPA and NPA.ResultsOf 447 evaluable samples with valid results from all three assays (cobas CT/NG, PivNG and Xpert CT/NG), 288 (64.4%) were NG-positive by both PivNG and cobas CT/NG; 117 (26.2%) were NG-negative in both tests; and 42 (9.4%) had discordant results (with NG-negative supplementary Xpert) CT/NG results in 40/42 instances). Of 19 PivNG/Xpert CT/NG-discordant samples, 11 were confirmed NG-positive by microscopy and/or culture results. PivNG PPA and NPA were 100% and 91% for oropharyngeal swabs, 100% and 100% for vaginal swabs, 100% and 100% for male urine samples, and 100% and 97% for rectal swabs, respectively, compared with the partially adjusted composite reference standard.ConclusionsPivNG is a reliable supplementary test with high sensitivity for confirming NG infection when used in conjunction with the cobas CT/NG test and samples collected in cobas PCR Media. Moreover, the PivNG test offers a convenient, high-throughput solution for supplemental NG testing of various sample types, with the potential to reduce the number of indeterminate reports.