bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data driven pathway analysis and forecast of global warming and sea level rise
Authors: Song Jiecheng , Tong Guanchao , Chao Jiayou , Chung Jean , Zhang Minghua , Lin Wuyin , Zhang Tao , Bentler Peter M. , Zhu Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate change is a critical issue of our time, and its causes, pathways, and forecasts remain a topic of broader discussion. In this paper, we present a novel data driven pathway analysis framework to identify the key processes behind mean global temperature and sea level rise, and to forecast the magnitude of their increase from the present to 2100. Based on historical data and dynamic statistical modeling alone, we have established the causal pathways that connect increasing greenhouse gas emissions to increasing global mean temperature and sea level, with its intermediate links encompassing humidity, sea ice coverage, and glacier mass, but not for sunspot numbers. Our results indicate that if no action is taken to curb anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the global average temperature would rise to an estimated 3.28 °C (2.46–4.10 °C) above its pre-industrial level while the global sea level would be an estimated 573 mm (474–671 mm) above its 2021 mean by 2100. However, if countries adhere to the greenhouse gas emission regulations outlined in the 2021 United Nations Conference on Climate Change (COP26), the rise in global temperature would lessen to an average increase of 1.88 °C (1.43–2.33 °C) above its pre-industrial level, albeit still higher than the targeted 1.5 °C, while the sea level increase would reduce to 449 mm (389–509 mm) above its 2021 mean by 2100.
Root plasticity: an effective selection technique for identification of drought tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines
Authors: Wajhat-Un-Nisa  , Sandhu Surinder , Ranjan Rumesh , Sharda Rakesh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe decline in tropical maize productivity due to climatic vulnerability is a matter of serious concern as being a food and feed/fodder commodity, it is an important crop for the sustenance of human life. Genetic selections and development of water deficit stress (WDS) tolerant commercial varieties have potential to offset the impact of changing temperatures and precipitation. For trait-specific genetic enhancement, there is a need to understand a suite of adaptation strategies for crop. We studied the response of various shoot and root traits in 71 maize inbreds of diverse origin under simulated sub-optimal water supply controlled conditions, delineated an array of traits which must be considered for selection for WDS and validated the inbreds harbouring tolerance to WDS for selection of authentic donor lines to develop WDS tolerant hybrids. A large data set was limited to uncorrelated traits based on principal component analysis and variability among maize lines was deciphered using heatmap dendrogram. We also reported the relevance of root anatomical plasticity to the inherent potential of lines to combat WDS. We recommend incorporating the changes in number and diameter of xylem and metaxylem under simulated controlled conditions as a part of precise phenotyping for WDS in maize. The study led to identification of WDS tolerant line LM22 in maize.
A novel characterisation protocol of mechanical interactions between the ground and a tibial prosthesis for long jump
Authors: Doyen Élodie , Szmytka Fabien , Semblat Jean-François 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe mechanical study of Running Specific Prostheses (RSPs) is often limited to the blade. The setup developed and presented herein is a simple experiment, based on a mechanical testing machine and a camera, that assesses two indicators relevant to coaches and athletes in the field of athletics: secant stiffness and energy dissipation. The influence of four parameters on global prosthesis behaviour is evaluated: the load line offset, the prosthesis-ground angle, the sole type and the flooring type. The load line offset and the flooring type have little to no influence on their behaviour. The prosthesis-ground angle impacts the stiffness: an increase in the angle brings a significant decrease in stiffness, which strongly impacts the performance. The type of sole modifies the kinematics of the blade tip’s interaction with the ground. However, this effect is less likely to enhance the sports practice since athletics imposes the use of spikes. The camera images allow assessing the local behaviour of the sole, thus enabling to follow its strain through the compression process.
Diagnostic efficacy of cystatin-c in association with different ACE genes predicting renal insufficiency in T2DM
Authors: Taha Mona Mohamed , Mahdy-Abdallah Heba , Shahy Eman Mohamed , Helmy Mona Adel , ElLaithy Lamia Samir 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) seems to be the major cause of chronic kidney disease that may finally lead to End Stage Renal Disease. So, renal function assessment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals is very important. Clearly, DN pathogenesis is multifactorial and different proteins, genes and environmental factors can contribute to the onset of the disease. We assessed sensitive and specific biomarkers (in blood and urine) which can predict kidney disease susceptibility among T2DM patients. Serum cystatin-c (cyst-c) in blood and urinary hemeoxygenase (HO-1) in addition to ACE I/D polymorphism and ACE G2350A genotypes. Hundred and eight T2DM patients and 85 controls were enrolled. Serum cystatin-c and urinary (HO-1) were tested by ELISA. Genetic determination of both ACE I/D polymorphism and ACE G2350A genotypes was performed by PCR for all participants. Significant rise in serum cystatin-c and urinary HO-1 levels were shown in diabetic groups compared with control group. Moreover, GG genotype of ACE G2350A gene in diabetic group was associated with rise in serum cystatin-c and urinary HO-1 compared with control group. Mutant AA genotype demonstrated increase in urinary HO-1. DD polymorphism was associated with rise in serum creatinine and cyst-c in diabetic group. Positive correlation was seen between duration of diabetes and serum cyst-c and between serum glucose and urinary (HO-1) in diabetic group. The results from this study indicated an association of serum cystatin-c with GG genotype of ACE G2350A in conjugation with DD polymorphism of ACE I/D which could be an early predictor of tubular injury in T2DM diabetic patients.
Magnetotelluric support for edge-driven convection and shear-driven upwelling in the Newer Volcanics Province
Authors: Jennings S. , Heinson G. , Hasterok D. , Kay B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntraplate volcanic provinces present significant natural hazards to many populated regions globally but their origins are poorly understood. Though hypotheses involving mantle plumes are predominant, the Newer Volcanics Province of southeast Australia—a relatively young (< 4.5 Ma), EW trending collection of over 400 volcanic centres—is increasingly attributed to some combination of edge-driven convection (EDC) and shear-driven upwelling (SDU). In this paper, we provide magnetotelluric (MT) data in support of these geodynamic processes. Three-dimensional inversion of 49 new broadband MT sites, in combination with 143 previously collected broadband, long-period, and geomagnetic depth soundings, reveals an elongate zone of moderately low resistivity (∼ 10–300 Ω m) spanning the Mt Gambier subprovince at a depth of between 20 and 40 km. The newly defined Gambier Conductor is contiguous to, and orientationally aligned with, significant step in the seismically-defined lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) presented by earlier studies. Moderately low resistivity is interpreted as fluid-catalysed alteration of iron-bearing crust resulting from percolating magmatic volatiles. We argue that localised low resistivity (< 10 Ω m) at ~ 25 km depth in the mid-lower crust is associated with 1.2–3.6% partial melt. Supporting evidence indicates possible crustal thickening from 5.8 Ma at a rate comparable to estimates of SDU-induced surface eruptions and previous NVP production rate estimates.
Rashba effect on finite temperature magnetotransport in a dissipative quantum dot transistor with electronic and polaronic interactions
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kuntal , Debnath Debika , Chatterjee Ashok 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Rashba spin–orbit coupling induced quantum transport through a quantum dot embedded in a two-arm quantum loop of a quantum dot transistor is studied at finite temperature in the presence of electron–phonon and Hubbard interactions, an external magnetic field and quantum dissipation. The Anderson-Holstein-Caldeira-Leggett-Rashba model is used to describe the system and several unitary transformations are employed to decouple some of the interactions and the transport properties are calculated using the Keldysh technique. It is shown that the Rashba coupling alone separates the spin-up and spin-down currents causing zero-field spin-polarization. The gap between the up and down-spin currents and conductances can be changed by tuning the Rashba strength. In the absence of a field, the spin-up and spin-down currents show an opposite behaviour with respect to spin–orbit interaction phase. The spin-polarization increases with increasing electron–phonon interaction at zero magnetic field. In the presence of a magnetic field, the tunneling conductance and spin-polarization change differently with the polaronic interaction, spin–orbit interaction and dissipation in different temperature regimes. This study predicts that for a given Rashba strength and magnetic field, the maximum spin-polarization in a quantum dot based device occurs at zero temperature.
The role of INTERCheckWEB digital innovation in supporting polytherapy management
Authors: Foglia Emanuela , Ferrario Lucrezia , Garagiola Elisabetta , Asperti Federica , Mazzone Antonino , Gatti Federico , Varalli Luca , Ponsiglione Cristina , Cannavacciuolo Lorella 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study aims at defining the factors affecting the clinicians’ decision of changing or confirming the treatment options for frail patients in polytherapy, supporting prescribing patterns, thus also figuring out if the inclination of the clinicians towards digital solutions (INTERCheckWEB) and specific guidelines, could play a role in their decision. A literature review was performed, revealing the main individual, organizational and decisional factors, impacting on the clinicians’ propensity to change the current patients’ therapy: the clinician perceptions of support in case of clinical guidelines use or INTERCheckWEB use were studied. A qualitative approach was implemented, and thirty-five clinicians completed a questionnaire, aimed at evaluating fifteen different clinical cases, defining if they would change the patient’s current therapy depending on the level of information received. Three methodological approaches were implemented. (1) Bivariate correlations to test the relationships between variables. (2) Hierarchical sequential linear regression model to define the predictors of the clinician propensity to change therapy. (3) Fuzzy Qualitative Comparative Analysis—fsQCA, to figure out the combination of variables leading to the outcome. Patient’s age and autonomy (p value = 0.000), as well as clinician’s perception regarding IT ease of use (p value = 0.043) and seniority (p value = 0.009), number of drugs assumed by the patients (p value = 0.000) and number of concomitant diseases (p value = 0.000) are factors influencing a potential change in the current therapy. The fsQCA-crisp confirms that the clinical conditions of the patients are the driving factors that prompt the clinicians towards a therapy change.
Scalable quantum processors empowered by the Fermi scattering of Rydberg electrons
Authors: Khazali Mohammadsadegh , Lechner Wolfgang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractQuantum computing promises exponential speed-up compared to its classical counterpart. While the neutral atom processors are the pioneering platform in terms of scalability, the dipolar Rydberg gates impose the main bottlenecks on the scaling of these devices. This article presents an alternative scheme for neutral atom quantum processing, based on the Fermi scattering of a Rydberg electron from ground-state atoms in spin-dependent lattice geometries. Instead of relying on Rydberg pair-potentials, the interaction is controlled by engineering the electron cloud of a sole Rydberg atom. The present scheme addresses the scaling obstacles in Rydberg processors by exponentially suppressing the population of short-lived states and by operating in ultra-dense atomic lattices. The restoring forces in molecule type Rydberg-Fermi potential preserve the trapping over a long interaction period. Furthermore, the proposed scheme mitigates different competing infidelity criteria, eliminates unwanted cross-talks, and significantly suppresses the operation depth in running complicated quantum algorithms.
A multi-institutional study using artificial intelligence to provide reliable and fair feedback to surgeons
Authors: Kiyasseh Dani , Laca Jasper , Haque Taseen F. , Miles Brian J. , Wagner Christian , Donoho Daniel A. , Anandkumar Animashree , Hung Andrew J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Surgeons who receive reliable feedback on their performance quickly master the skills necessary for surgery. Such performance-based feedback can be provided by a recently-developed artificial intelligence (AI) system that assesses a surgeon’s skills based on a surgical video while simultaneously highlighting aspects of the video most pertinent to the assessment. However, it remains an open question whether these highlights, or explanations, are equally reliable for all surgeons.

Methods
Here, we systematically quantify the reliability of AI-based explanations on surgical videos from three hospitals across two continents by comparing them to explanations generated by humans experts. To improve the reliability of AI-based explanations, we propose the strategy of training with explanations –TWIX –which uses human explanations as supervision to explicitly teach an AI system to highlight important video frames.

Results
We show that while AI-based explanations often align with human explanations, they are not equally reliable for different sub-cohorts of surgeons (e.g., novices vs. experts), a phenomenon we refer to as an explanation bias. We also show that TWIX enhances the reliability of AI-based explanations, mitigates the explanation bias, and improves the performance of AI systems across hospitals. These findings extend to a training environment where medical students can be provided with feedback today.

Conclusions
Our study informs the impending implementation of AI-augmented surgical training and surgeon credentialing programs, and contributes to the safe and fair democratization of surgery.
O-, N- and C-bicyclopentylation using thianthrenium reagents
Authors: Alvarez Eva Maria , Bai Zibo , Pandit Saikat , Frank Nils , Torkowski Luca , Ritter Tobias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRigid 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are linear bioisosteres for para-substituted benzene rings in drug development and can lead to an improved pharmacokinetic profile. The construction of BCPs commonly requires the cumbersome use of labile [1.1.1]propellane in solution, and more stable reagents do not show the versatile reactivity of propellane itself. Here we report stable thianthrenium-based BCP reagents for practical O-, N- and C-alkylation reactions that expand the scope of bicyclopentylation beyond that of any other reagent, including [1.1.1]propellane. The redox and stereoelectronic properties of the thianthrene scaffold are relevant for both the synthesis of the BCP-thianthrenium reagents via strain release as well as their subsequent reactivity. The weak exocyclic C–S bond can undergo selective mesolytic cleavage upon single-electron reduction to produce BCP radicals that engage in transition metal-mediated C–O, C–N and C–C bond formations, even at a late stage of multistep reactions with a wide variety of functional groups present.
20S-Protopanaxatriol improves cognitive function of Alzheimer's disease by promoting endogenous neurogenesis
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Yang Xuehan , Liu Jingyue , Song Jiayi , Zhang Siwei , Chen Li , Zhang Ming 
Published: April 2023

20S-protopanaxatriol (PPT) might be a potential candidate to treat Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive decline via enhancing endogenous neurogenesis.
Electromagnetic field calculation and analysis of short primary linear induction motor for electromagnetic launch
Authors: Huang Chuibing , Mao Yinhao , Sun Zhaolong , Li Wei , Yi Xianglie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the electromagnetic field spatial distribution and longitudinal end effect characteristics of short primary linear induction motor (SPLIM) in the field of electromagnetic launch. First, in accordance to the electromagnetic model assumption of SPLIM and one‐dimensional electromagnetic field theory, the analytical expression of the whole‐region magnetic flux density of air‐gap is derived using electromagnetic field boundary conditions in line with the actual physical meaning. Second, the finite element method used in comparing the analytical calculation values of key physical quantities, such as air‐gap flux density and secondary eddy current in a multidimensional manner under various static and dynamic working conditions and verifying the correctness of the analytical calculation of the electromagnetic field. On this basis, the air‐gap flux density of SPLIM is decomposed according to the different generation mechanisms, and the spatial distribution of each part of the flux density is studied. Spatial Fourier analysis of flux density is conducted, the end effect coefficient is defined, and the change rule of the end effect coefficient with the design parameters of the motor is studied. Finally, a megawatt‐class high thrust prototype test platform was built, and the measured electromagnetic force was compared with the electromagnetic force calculated by air gap magnetic field and secondary eddy current. The steady‐state error of the two was less than 2%, which verified the accuracy of the analysis and calculation.
Impact of the tyre dynamics on autonomous vehicle path following control with front wheel steering and differential motor torque
Authors: Zhou Shilei , Tian Yang , Walker Paul , Zhang Nong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of tyre dynamics on autonomous vehicle dynamic control. The commonly used 2 degrees of freedom bicycle model and a detailed vehicle model considering tyre dynamics are built, respectively, to describe the vehicle dynamics. The two models are firstly compared with the response to front wheel steering input and differential motor torque input. The transient vehicle body vibrations are clearly demonstrated by the detailed model but overlooked by the bicycle model. The influence of tyre nonlinearity on path offset is also revealed. Then, the path following control strategy is designed based on the linear quadratic regulator control to compare the two models from the path following performance perspective. The double lane change simulation is conducted. The results show that at low vehicle speed, the path following errors of two models are very close, which proves the rationality of using the bicycle model to represent the vehicle dynamics in mild and moderate driving conditions. However, when the path following is conducted with high vehicle speed, the required lateral tyre force is large, so the tyres work with large slip angles and the tyre nonlinearity generates significant deviation on the path following errors between the two models.
Polarimetry of the potential binary supermassive black hole system in J1430+2303
Authors: Marin F. , Hutsemékers D. , Liodakis I. , Antonucci R. , Mandarakas N. , Lindfors E. , Blinov D. , Barnouin T. , Savić D. 
Published: April 2023

Context. The growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) through merging has long been predicted but its detection remains elusive. However, a promising target has been discovered in the Seyfert-1 galaxy J1430+2303, where two SMBHs may be about to merge.
Aims. If a binary system truly lies at the center of J1430+2303, the usual symmetry expected from pole-on views in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) responsible for the observed low (≤1%) optical linear polarization in the continuum of these objects is expected to be broken. This should lead to higher-than-usual polarization degrees, together with time-dependent variations of the polarization signal.
Methods. We used the specialized photopolarimeters RoboPol mounted on the 1.3 m telescope at the Skinakas Observatory and the Alhambra Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (ALFOSC) mounted on the 2.56 m Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) at the “Roque de los Muchachos” Observatory to measure the B-, V-, R-, and I-band polarization of J1430+2303. Observations were complemented using the FORS2 spectropolarimeter mounted on the VLT to acquire 3500−8650 Å polarized spectra. We compared our set of observations to Monte Carlo radiative-transfer predictions to look for the presence of a SMBH binary.
Results. The observed linear continuum polarization of J1430+2303 in the V and R bands is ∼0.4% with an associated polarization angle of slightly larger than 0°. We detected no significant changes in polarization or photometry between May, June, and July of 2022. In addition, there is no significant difference between the polarization of Hα and the polarization of the continuum. A single SMBH at the center of an AGN model is able to reproduce the observed spectrum and polarization, while the binary hypothesis is rejected with a probability of ∼85%.
Conclusions. The low degree of continuum polarization, the lack of variability in photometry and polarization over three months, and the absence of Hα polarization different than that of the continuum tend to indicate that J1430+2303 is a standard Seyfert-1 AGN whose nuclear inclination is 24−31° according to our model.
57-jährige Patientin mit Blasen und striatiformen Erythemen an den Extremitäten
Authors: Münchhoff-Barker Christina , Elsner Peter , Tittelbach Jörg 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Bei einer 57-jährigen Patientin traten nach wiederholter Gartenarbeit schmerzhafte Hautveränderungen auf. Bei der Vorstellung in der zentralen Notaufnahme zeigten sich Bullae, Striae und Erytheme an den lichtexponierten Arealen.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose Laborchemisch zeigten sich leicht erhöhte
Entzündungswerte. Die körperliche Untersuchung zeigte keine weiteren Besonderheiten. Es
erfolgte die Übernahme durch die Dermatologie des Universitätsklinikums Jena. Aufgrund der
Anamnese und des klinischen Befundes wurde die Diagnose Dermatitis bullosa pratensis
(Wiesengräserdermatitis) gestellt.
Therapie und Verlauf Es erfolgte neben lokaler Therapie mit Glukokortikosteroiden und sterilem Punktieren der Blasen eine intravenöse Therapie mit Prednisolon.
Folgerung Dermatitis bullosa pratensis gehört zu den photophytotoxischen Dermatitiden und wird durch die Kombination von Photosensibilisatoren und ultraviolettem Licht ausgelöst. Es ist von Bedeutung, sich bei Kontakt mit Pflanzen, die Photosensibilisatoren enthalten, vor UV-Licht ausreichend zu schützen. Das Krankheitsbild ist leicht zu vermeiden, umso wichtiger ist es, das Risiko zu kennen und die notwendigen Schutzmaßnahmen einzuhalten.