bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative strategies for deploying artificial intelligence to complement physician diagnoses of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Farzaneh Negar , Ansari Sardar , Lee Elizabeth , Ward Kevin R. , Sjoding Michael W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is a growing gap between studies describing the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostic systems using deep learning versus efforts to investigate how or when to integrate AI systems into a real-world clinical practice to support physicians and improve diagnosis. To address this gap, we investigate four potential strategies for AI model deployment and physician collaboration to determine their potential impact on diagnostic accuracy. As a case study, we examine an AI model trained to identify findings of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on chest X-ray images. While this model outperforms physicians at identifying findings of ARDS, there are several reasons why fully automated ARDS detection may not be optimal nor feasible in practice. Among several collaboration strategies tested, we find that if the AI model first reviews the chest X-ray and defers to a physician if it is uncertain, this strategy achieves a higher diagnostic accuracy (0.869, 95% CI 0.835–0.903) compared to a strategy where a physician reviews a chest X-ray first and defers to an AI model if uncertain (0.824, 95% CI 0.781–0.862), or strategies where the physician reviews the chest X-ray alone (0.808, 95% CI 0.767–0.85) or the AI model reviews the chest X-ray alone (0.847, 95% CI 0.806–0.887). If the AI model reviews a chest X-ray first, this allows the AI system to make decisions for up to 79% of cases, letting physicians focus on the most challenging subsets of chest X-rays.
Urban water crises driven by elites’ unsustainable consumption
Authors: Savelli Elisa , Mazzoleni Maurizio , Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Cloke Hannah , Rusca Maria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the past two decades, more than 80 metropolitan cities across the world have faced severe water shortages due to droughts and unsustainable water use. Future projections are even more alarming, since urban water crises are expected to escalate and most heavily affect those who are socially, economically and politically disadvantaged. Here we show how social inequalities across different groups or individuals play a major role in the production and manifestation of such crises. Specifically, due to stark socioeconomic inequalities, urban elites are able to overconsume water while excluding less-privileged populations from basic access. Through an interdisciplinary approach, we model the uneven domestic water use across urban spaces and estimate water consumption trends for different social groups. The highly unequal metropolitan area of Cape Town serves as a case in point to illustrate how unsustainable water use by the elite can exacerbate urban water crises at least as much as climate change or population growth.
Shieldin complex assembly kinetics and DNA binding by SHLD3
Authors: Susvirkar Vivek , Faesen Alex C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Shieldin complex represses end resection at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and thereby serves as a pro-non homologous end joining (NHEJ) factor. The molecular details of the assembly of Shieldin and its recruitment to DSBs are unclear. Shieldin contains two REV7 molecules, which have the rare ability to slowly switch between multiple distinct native states and thereby could dynamically control the assembly of Shieldin. Here, we report the identification of a promiscuous DNA binding domain in SHLD3. At the N-terminus, SHLD3 interacts with a dimer of REV7 molecules. We show that the interaction between SHLD3 and the first REV7 is remarkably slow, while in contrast the interaction between SHLD3 and SHLD2 with a second REV7 molecule is fast and does not require structural remodeling. Overall, these results provide insights into the rate-limiting step of the molecular assembly of the Shieldin complex and its recruitment at DNA DSBs.
Extrinsic stabilization of antiviral ACE2-Fc fusion proteins targeting SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Svilenov Hristo L. , Delhommel Florent , Siebenmorgen Till , Rührnößl Florian , Popowicz Grzegorz M. , Reiter Alwin , Sattler Michael , Brockmeyer Carsten , Buchner Johannes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a viral receptor used by sarbecoviruses to infect cells. Fusion proteins comprising extracellular ACE2 domains and the Fc part of immunoglobulins exhibit high virus neutralization efficiency, but the structure and stability of these molecules are poorly understood. We show that although the hinge between the ACE2 and the IgG4-Fc is highly flexible, the conformational dynamics of the two ACE2 domains is restricted by their association. Interestingly, the conformational stability of the ACE2 moiety is much lower than that of the Fc part. We found that chemical compounds binding to ACE2, such as DX600 and MLN4760, can be used to strongly increase the thermal stability of the ACE2 by different mechanisms. Together, our findings reveal a general concept for stabilizing the labile receptor segments of therapeutic antiviral fusion proteins by chemical compounds.
Quantum back-action limits in dispersively measured Bose-Einstein condensates
Authors: Altuntaş Emine , Spielman I. B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics is that measurements change a system’s wavefunction to that most consistent with the measurement outcome, even if no observer is present. Weak measurements produce only limited information about the system, and as a result only minimally change the system’s state. Here, we theoretically and experimentally characterize quantum back-action in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates interacting with a far-from resonant laser beam. We theoretically describe this process using a quantum trajectories approach where the environment measures the scattered light and present a measurement model based on an ideal photodetection mechanism. We experimentally quantify the resulting wavefunction change in terms of the contrast of a Ramsey interferometer and control parasitic effects associated with the measurement process. The observed back-action is in good agreement with our measurement model; this result is a necessary precursor for achieving true quantum back-action limited measurements of quantum gases.
On the prediction of premature births in Hispanic labour patients using uterine contractions, heart beat signals and prediction machines
Authors: Nsugbe Ejay , Reyes‐Lagos Jose Javier , Adams Dawn , Samuel Oluwarotimi Williams 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPreterm birth is a global epidemic affecting millions of mothers across different ethnicities. The cause of the condition remains unknown but has recognised health‐based implications, in addition to financial and economic ones. Machine Learning methods have enabled researchers to combine datasets using uterine contraction signals with various forms of prediction machines to improve awareness of the likelihood of premature births. This work investigates the feasibility of enhancing these prediction methods using physiological signals including uterine contractions, and foetal and maternal heart rate signals, for a population of south American women in active labour. As part of this work, the use of the Linear Series Decomposition Learner (LSDL) was seen to lead to an improvement in the prediction accuracies of all models, which included supervised and unsupervised learning models. The results from the supervised learning models showed high prediction metrics upon the physiological signals being pre‐processed by the LSDL for all variations of the physiological signals. The unsupervised learning models showed good metrics for the partitioning of Preterm/Term labour patients from their uterine contraction signals but produced a comparatively lower set of results for the various kinds of heart rate signals investigated.
Target location and velocity estimation with the multistatic MU‐MIMO‐OFDM modulation signal
Authors: Lyu Xiaoyong , Liu Baojin , Fan Wenbing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn passive radar and joint communication and radar sensing (JCRS), target sensing with the multiuser multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MU‐MIMO‐OFDM) modulation signal is gaining increasing interest. Multiple transmit nodes emitting the MU‐MIMO‐OFDM modulation signals at the same carrier frequency and one receiver collecting the target‐reflected signals for target location and velocity estimation are considered. This is a typical scenario when using the fifth‐generation (5G) communication network signal for target sensing. In this scenario, the echo signals corresponding to different transmit nodes are not resolved in the receiver, and the modulated data symbols cannot be removed from the received signals. Most traditional parameter estimation methods in passive radar and JCRS may not be suitable here. A location and velocity estimation method with the received echo signals is proposed. Specifically, the location parameters are extracted directly from the received echo signals. The location estimation is cast into a block sparse vector reconstruction problem. The variational Bayesian sparsity learning (VBSL) method is exploited for the reconstruction of the block sparse vector. Accelerated VBSL methods are developed for improving the computational efficiency. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Cable Ties: Poor Man's Top Closure System
Authors: Choudhary Aditya Narayan , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: April 2023

AbstractScalp electrical burns unsuitable for primary closure after debridement have traditionally been treated by modalities that cause significant morbidity and are aesthetically inferior to tension-free primary wound closure. Due to advances in research on the biomechanical properties of skin, various devices for skin stretching and safe wound closure have been reported in the literature that are expensive and inaccessible to poor people in the developing countries. We present our experience using cable ties as an effective, easy to use, readily available, and inexpensive top closure system.
Development and Validation of Palliative Care Bundle for Advanced Gallbladder Cancer “PALLICR”
Authors: Rohilla Kusum K. , Kalyani C Vasantha , Gupta Amit , Gupta Sweety , Gupta Manoj , Matella Nirmal 
Published: April 2023

Background The aim of this study was to develop and validate a comprehensive palliative care bundle “PALLICR” for advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients.
Materials and Methods The present study was an exploratory study with instrument validation design which was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India. A total of 25 advance cancer patients were selected using the purposive sampling technique.
Results The newly developed PALLICR bundle consists of six items under three subfactors, that is, functional recovery, resilience, and quality of life. The final version of bundle with six items of PALLICR bundle was validated and showed a good fit to provide palliative care to advanced GBC patients. Standardized scales, that is, palliative care outcome scale, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality-of-life scale for patients and caregiver strain index for caregivers were used for evaluation of PALLICR bundle effectiveness.
Conclusion PALLICR bundle is valid and reliable methods to provide palliative care to advanced GBC patients.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery for Resection of Craniopharyngioma in Pediatric Population: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Fouda Mohammed A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCraniopharyngioma is a rare epithelial brain tumor which arises from the embryological remnants of Rathke's pouch—a remnant of the primitive pharynx. The proximity of this tumor to the pituitary stalk, hypothalamus, third ventricle, optic chiasm, and optic nerves, as well as the major intracranial vessels bridging this area, makes safe surgical resection challenging. Given the recent advancement in endoscopic surgical techniques and the intraoperative assistance of neuronavigation and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) can be an alternative to the open transcranial approaches in the management of children with craniopharyngioma who fulfill the appropriate selection criteria. The comparison between the EETS and the open transcranial approach regarding the clinical and surgical outcomes could be subject to an inherent selection bias. In this article, we reviewed the body of the literature on the role of EETS in the management of pediatric craniopharyngioma and the proper selection criteria of children with craniopharyngioma, who might be suitable candidates for tumor resection via this minimally invasive endoscopic approach. We also looked at the preoperative assessment, surgical techniques, surgical and clinical outcomes, and the possible complications of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery.
Is students’ teamwork a dreamwork? A new DCE-based multidimensional approach to preferences towards group work
Authors: Gajderowicz Tomasz , Jakubowski Maciej , Wrona Sylwia , Alkhadim Ghadah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFrom the characteristics of the learning process, student satisfaction is important for learning effectiveness, motivation, and student well-being. However, student preferences toward learning are not well understood and rarely considered in practice. Thus, this study examines the preferences of lower secondary school students in Poland for different study modes and school subjects. It employs a discrete choice experiment to describe student preferences in light of the time devoted to studying. The study shows significant heterogeneity of student tastes for different study modes. Most students prefer studying in a group of peers, but there are important differences across students at different achievement levels and subjects. This study demonstrates how preferences toward learning can be properly measured using discrete choice experiments. Moreover, the results can inform policy and practice to satisfy student tastes and optimize learning incentives.
Stylistic and linguistic variations in compliments: an empirical analysis of children’s gender schema development with machine learning algorithms
Authors: Liao Xinyu , Zhang Yanhui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs hypothesized by Bem (1981)’s Gender Schema Theory, individuals regulate themselves and their expectations towards others according to the gender norms in a community. The current study examines children’s gender schema regarding the language styles in compliments addressed to both the gendered self and others. Two types of oral discourse completion tasks were designed for the purpose, where twenty-five Mandarin-speaking children were instructed to pay compliments in a normal-speaking style and an imitated style of the opposite gender. Machine learning algorithms were implemented to analyze the variations of language features at lexical, discourse-pragmatic, and discourse-semantic levels. The results show that, compared to lexical features such as lexical richness and word choices, discourse-pragmatic features are more prone to gender ideologies and exhibit style-shifting in children’s imitation of the opposite sex when addressing compliments. At the discourse-semantic level, a significantly low probability of positivity was demonstrated in girls’ imitated compliments, according to the results of the logistic regression. In general, the findings support the presence of gender-differentiated language styles among pre-adolescent children. In particular, girls at this age have developed the stereotype that boys tend to use language with a less prosocial sentiment for the manifestation of their “maleness”. Directions for improving the experimental design and uncovering the possible confounding mechanisms were discussed to illuminate the multidimensional complexity of the cross-gender variations in the more nuanced speech traits, such as the use of intensifiers.
Blockade of trans PD-L1 interaction with CD80 augments antitumor immunity
Authors: Zhang Yuankun , Song Qingxiao , Cassady Kaniel , Lee Michael , Tang Haidong , Zheng Moqian , Wang Bixin , Schones Dustin E. , Fu Yang-Xin , Riggs Arthur D. , Martin Paul J. , Feng Ru , Zeng Defu 
Published: April 2023

PD-L1 has two receptors: PD-1 and CD80. Previous reports assumed that PD-L1 and CD80 interacted in trans, but recent reports showed that only cis PD-L1/CD80 interactions existed, and prevention of cis PD-L1/CD80 interactions on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) reduced antitumor immunity via augmenting PD-L1/PD-1 and CD80/CTLA4 interactions between T and APCs. Here, using tumor-bearing mice capable of cis and trans or trans only PD-L1/CD80 interactions, we show that trans PD-L1/CD80 interactions do exist between tumor and T cells, and the effects of trans PD-L1/CD80 interactions require tumor cell expression of MHC-I and T cell expression of CD28. The blockade of PD-L1/CD80 interactions in mice with both cis and trans interactions or with only trans interactions augments antitumor immunity by expanding IFN-γ–producing CD8
+
T cells and IFN-γ–dependent NOS2-expressing tumor-associated macrophages. Our studies indicate that although cis and trans PD-L1/CD80 interactions may have opposite effects on antitumor immunity, the net effect of blocking PD-L1/CD80 interactions in vivo augments CD8
+
T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.
Stopping Traffic: An Analysis of Number of Scrubbed Personnel and Infection in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Miller Jonathan E , Raman Shreya , Chishom Taylor A , Mountziaris Paschalia M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) is a devastating complication of implant-based breast reconstruction. Its occurrence may require additional hospitalization and ultimately necessitate prosthesis removal. The effect of foot traffic in the operating room has not yet been investigated within plastic surgery.

Objectives
This study analyzed the influence of scrubbed and unscrubbed personnel on postoperative SSI in immediate implant-based breast reconstruction.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of 223 consecutive patients who underwent immediate implant-based reconstruction from 2015 to 2021 at the authors’ institution. Patient demographics, comorbidities, smoking status, laterality, number of personnel, use of drains, and length of surgery were collected. The primary outcome assessed was surgical site infection with secondary outcomes of delayed wound healing, skin necrosis, hematoma, seroma, and reoperation within 90 days.

Results
Patients who had a postoperative SSI had a mean number of 8.7 scrubbed individuals, whereas those who did not have a postoperative SSI had a mean number of 7.9 individuals scrubbed (P &lt; .05). Univariate analysis demonstrated that increasing number of scrubbed individuals was predictive of SSI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.239, CI: 1.064-1.444, P &lt; .05). A multivariate logistic regression demonstrated increased likelihood of SSI with increasing number of individuals scrubbed (OR: 1.232, CI: 1.027-1.478, P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates an increased risk of SSI in immediate, implant-based breast reconstruction with an increased number of personnel in the operative field. The findings highlight the importance of reducing foot traffic in the operating room when feasible to reduce risk of postoperative SSI and its associated morbidity.
An Analysis of Cosmetic Facial Injectable Treatment Content on TikTok
Authors: Rothchild Evan , Wang Fei , Grande Julia , Ricci Joseph A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
TikTok is a powerful and popular source of patient education. However, the lack of content regulation allows for the potential spread of medical misinformation.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to analyze the source, content, quality, and reliability of TikTok posts regarding nonsurgical cosmetic facial injectable treatments, including Botox and fillers.

Methods
The TikTok application was queried with 14 popular hashtags related to nonsurgical facial injectable treatments. The top 25 search result videos from each hashtag were included in the analysis. Videos were categorized based on content creator, video type, and descriptive metrics collected for each result. Educational videos were further analyzed for content quality with the validated modified DISCERN score and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) scales. Univariate and linear regression models were utilized for content analysis between groups.

Results
The included 340 videos totaled 306,552,644 views; 22,715,689 likes; 220,072 comments; and 352,614 shares. Most videos were uploaded by nonphysician healthcare providers (n = 126, 37.1%), and patient experience (n = 130, 38.2%) was the most common video category. Healthcare team content creators had significantly lower median views, likes, comments, shares, and engagement when compared to non-healthcare team content (P &lt; .001). DISCERN scores for information reliability were significantly higher in physician-created videos than nonphysician and nonphysician healthcare provider created videos (2 vs 1.5, P &lt; .001, 2 vs 1.5 P = .001, respectively).

Conclusions
The overall quality of TikTok videos regarding nonsurgical cosmetic facial injectable treatments was low, which may stem from a lack of content from physician content creators.
Role of a single odorant receptor in the chemotaxis behavior of Bombyx mori
Authors: Morinaga Satoshi , Tsubota Takuya , Takasu Yoko , Sezutsu Hideki , Touhara Kazushige 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Silkworm (Bombyx mori), an insect herbivore, is attracted to cis-jasmone released from mulberry leaves. Its olfactory receptor, BmOr56, specifically responds to cis-jasmone. In this study, we constructed a BmOr56 deletion line and found that the attractive behavior of cis-jasmone was completely lost in the mutant, suggesting the involvement of a single receptor in this specific chemoattractive behavior.
Separate and combined effects of boat noise and a live crab predator on mussel valve gape behavior
Authors: Hubert Jeroen , van der Burg A Daniëlle , Witbaard Rob , Slabbekoorn Hans 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Noisy human activities at sea are changing the acoustic environment, which has been shown to affect marine mammals and fishes. Invertebrates, such as bivalves, have so far received limited attention despite their important role in the marine ecosystem. Several studies have examined the impact of sound on anti-predator behavior using simulated predators, but studies using live predators are scarce. In the current study, we examined the separate and combined effects of boat sound playback and predator cues of shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) on the behavior of mussels (Mytilus spp.). We examined the behavior of the mussels using a valve gape monitor and scored the behavior from the crabs in one of two types of predator test conditions from video footage to control for effects from potential, sound-induced variation in crab behavior. We found that mussels closed their valve gape during boat noise and with a crab in their tank, but also that the stimulus combination did not add up to an even smaller valve gape. The sound treatment did not affect the stimulus crabs, but the behavior of the crabs did affect the valve gape of the mussels. Future research is needed to examine whether these results stand in situ and whether valve closure due to sound has fitness consequences for mussels. The effects on the well-being of individual mussels from anthropogenic noise may be relevant for population dynamics in the context of pressure from other stressors, their role as an ecosystem engineer, and in the context of aquaculture.