bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MODELLING AND MAPPING OF SOIL EROSION ON THE OUED EL MALLEH CATCHMENT USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
Authors: El Aroussi Omar 
Published: February 2023

In Morocco, the spectacular expansion of erosive processes shows increasingly alarming aspects. Due to the considerable costs of detailed ground surveys for studying this phenomenon, remote sensing is an appropriate alternative for analyzing and evaluating the risks of the expansion of soil degradation. According to an FAO study (2001), Erosion threatens 13 million ha of cropland and rangeland in northern Morocco and induces an estimated average water storage capacity loss of 50 million m3 each year through dam silting. The lost water volume could potentially be used to irrigate 5000 to 6000 ha / year.
This study analyses soil erosion on the Oued El Malleh catchment, a 34 km2 catchment located in the north of Fez (Morocco). This contribution aims at mapping the spatio-temporal evolution of land use and modelling the erosion and sedimentation processes using the well known RUSLE model. Land use changes were assessed using Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ images, from the 1987-2011 periods which were validated by field studies. The images were first georeferenced and projected into the Moroccan coordinate system (Merchich North) then processed to evaluate soil loss through a GIS package (Idrisi Andes Software). These static assessments of soil loss were then used in a deposition/sedimentation algorithm to model soil loss propagation to the downstream. The soil loss averages determined by the model vary between 1.09 t/ha/yr as a minimum value for the reforested lands and 169.4 t/ha/yr as a maximum value for the uncultivated lands (badlands). The latter generally correspond to Regosols or low protected soils located on steep slopes. In comparison with RUSLE, the sedimentation model yields lower values of soil losses; only 97.3 t/h/year for the uncultivated lands, and -0.34 t/ha/year in the reforested land, indicating an on-going sedimentation process.
By taking into account the temporal variability of erosion and deposition jointly lower values of soil erosion are calculated by the RUSLE model. However, despite this decline, land degradation problems are still important due to the combination of land use and local lithology. The results of this study were used to indentify areas where interventions are needed to limit land degradation processes.
On homogeneity of Cantor cubes
Authors: Shchepin E. , Valov V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe discuss the question of extending homeomorphisms between closed subsets of the Cantor cube
$D^{\tau }$
. It is established that any homeomorphism between two closed negligible subsets of
$D^{\tau }$
can be extended to an autohomeomorphism of
$D^{\tau }$
.
Dilthey, Wilhelm (1833–1911)
Authors: Makkreel Rudolf A. 
Published: February 2023

Wilhelm Dilthey saw his work as contributing to a ‘Critique of Historical Reason’, which would expand the scope of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason by offering philosophical guidelines for the human sciences as well as the natural sciences. Both kinds of science take their departure from how we experience reality, but whereas the natural sciences seek to focus on the way things behave independently of our human involvement, the human sciences take account of this very involvement. The natural sciences use external observation and measurement to construct an objective domain of nature that is abstracted from the fullness of lived experience. Dilthey’s human sciences (Geisteswissenchaften), which include the humanities and social sciences, aim to make sense of the historical world and its cultural achievements. By examining inner as well as outer experience and rooting them in lived experience, the human sciences preserve a more direct link with our original sense of life than do the natural sciences. Whereas the natural sciences seek explanations of nature, connecting the discrete representations of outer experience through hypothetical generalisations and causal laws, the human sciences aim at a more comprehensive understanding that articulates the fundamental structures of historical life given in lived experience. Finding lived experience to be inherently connected and meaningful, Dilthey opposed traditional atomistic and associationist psychologies and developed a descriptive psychology that has been recognised as anticipating phenomenology.
Dilthey first thought that this descriptive psychology could provide a neutral foundation for the other human sciences, but in his later hermeneutical writings he rejected the idea of a foundational discipline or method. Thus, he ends by claiming that all the human sciences are interpretive and mutually dependent. Hermeneutically conceived, understanding is a process of interpreting the ‘objectifications of life’, which include what humans produce, how they express their emotions and thoughts, and how they manifest their will in deeds and historical events. Interpersonal understanding is attained by analysing these objectifications and not just directly through feelings like empathy, as some have thought. Moreover, to fully understand ourselves we must analyse our own expressions in the same way that we analyse the expressions of others.
Not every aspect of life can be captured within the respective limits of the natural and the human sciences. Dilthey’s philosophy of life also leaves room for a kind of anthropological reflection whereby we attempt to do justice to the ultimate riddles of life and death. Such reflection receives its fullest expression in worldviews, which are overall perspectives on life encompassing the way we perceive and conceive the world, evaluate it aesthetically and respond to it in action. Dilthey discerned many typical worldviews in art and religion, but in Western philosophy he distinguished three recurrent types: the worldviews of naturalism, the idealism of freedom, and objective idealism.
Cloning
Authors: Giordano Simona 
Published: February 2023

‘Cloning’ is the popular name given to Cell Nuclear Replacement (CNR) (also sometimes referred to as Cell Nuclear Transfer (CNT)).
CNR involves a recipient cell, generally an egg (oocyte), and a donor cell. The nucleus of the donor cell is introduced into the oocyte. With appropriate stimulation the oocyte is induced to develop.
Once the embryo is created, stem cells can be harvested from it for research purposes or for cell therapy (therapeutic cloning). The embryo might also be implanted into a viable womb and developed to term (reproductive cloning). The first mammal to be born by CNR was Dolly the sheep (1996–2003).
CNR may have various potential applications ranging from reproduction to treatment of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, and spinal cord injuries.
Although research on CNR is still relatively in its infancy, CNR (cloning) has attracted people’s attention in a way that few other advances in biomedical research do. To date, human reproductive cloning of an entire genome, as in the case of Dolly, has either been banned or has not been voluntarily undertaken anywhere in the world, so there is no reliable data on safety or efficacy of human reproductive cloning.
However, public debate on whether or not human reproductive cloning would be ethical in principle has unfortunately been influenced more by fiction than science. The horrendous or absurd scenarios pictured in novels and films are sometimes mistakenly believed to be possible, or even likely, outcomes of cloning. Immediately after news of the birth of Dolly, the international community imposed restrictions particularly to human reproductive cloning, which is now virtually everywhere prohibited. Reproductive cloning is considered offensive to human dignity and a threat to the well-being of the child. Against therapeutic cloning objections are also raised. The strongest are that CNR involves the creation and destruction of embryos.
The debate on the moral status of the embryo is ongoing, in bioethics, philosophy, and theology. However, if arguments against the killing of the embryo were to be accepted, then the current legal and social context of most European countries would have to be revised, and abortion and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) made criminal offences. Those who believe that abortion, even just in its therapeutic form, and IVF are acceptable, admit that it may be ethical to destroy an embryo either to save a life or to treat infertility. If this is accepted, it is unclear why it is unacceptable that embryos or embryonic material be used to treat serious and lethal diseases.
Cryonics
Authors: Minerva Francesca 
Published: February 2023

Cryonics is the preservation of deceased individuals in liquid nitrogen (at −196 °C) in the hope that future technologies will succeed in reviving them, thus extending their life-span. In order for cryonics to be successful, future technology must be able not only to reanimate a body that has been cryopreserved for several years or even centuries, but also to bring back a significant portion of a person’s mental states, memories, and psychological characteristics. Cryonics is also part of a more ambitious project aimed at achieving indefinite life extension: reviving the cryopreserved at a time when ‘rejuvenating’ biotechnologies are available could make them virtually immortal.
Although revival after cryonics and rejuvenation are not yet technically feasible (and might never be), the possibility of ‘cheating death’ raises new ethical questions. For instance, should we consider cryonics a luxury good (and one we might never be able to enjoy)? Or should we consider it as the most cost-effective life-saving treatment that could possibly be developed? How we answer this kind of questions will determine whether it’s morally permissible, or perhaps even mandatory, to spend private money or public money on cryonics.
Another ethical question that needs to be addressed is whether cryonics could be a bad investment even if it turned out to be technically feasible. For example, future human beings may have no interest in reviving cryopreserved people with whom they have no meaningful connection, or from whom they differ very profoundly. Under such circumstances, the cryopreserved would remain such even if, technically, there was no obstacle to reviving them. Alternatively, life in the distant future could prove to be unbearable for someone who was born and had lived in the remote past, say because they lacked the cognitive or biological tools developed by future humans to adapt to a very different environment. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, the prospect of immortality presents us with difficult philosophical questions about what makes our life worth living, and whether living is always a better alternative to non-existence.
Big data in healthcare
Authors: Schaefer G. Owen 
Published: February 2023

The current era of ‘big data’ in healthcare is a direct result of the gradual culmination across decades of accumulation of large volumes of data, along with substantial advances in tools capable of analysing that data. Potential applications cut across almost all aspects of healthcare, including improving the efficiency of health systems, evaluating the efficacy of treatments using volumes of real-world data, and tailoring treatments to individual patient profiles through ‘precision medicine’. These prospects must be tempered, however, not only against the practical reality of what is possible through big data, but also how big data can be responsibly and ethically managed.
Preserving privacy, one of the central values in data ethics, has become increasingly complex in the big data era. Privacy can be understood in at least two distinct senses – either in terms of control over information about ourselves, or in terms of limitations on the access others have to that information. Traditionally, anonymisation and consent have been deployed to protect these aspects of privacy. Consent puts control over data in the hands of the data subject, while anonymisation limits the extent to which those using data can discern meaningful information about particular, identifiable individuals.
The paradigms of consent and anonymisation, however, are somewhat limited when it comes to big data. The massive scope of potential big data applications makes obtaining consent for particular uses, or even categories of uses, oftentimes impracticable. Anonymisation, meanwhile, is more difficult to guarantee as big data contains ever more fine-grained bits of information that could potentially be used to re-identify individuals.
Robust governance, then, takes on an outsize role for big data. Three key aspects of good data governance include: accountability, transparency, and engagement. These governance characteristics promote both the inherent legitimacy of big data uses, as well as the possibility of achieving a social license for big data uses – that is to say, the degree to which the public finds a particular use of big data acceptable. Conversely, failure to obtain a social licence (informal though it may be) can scuttle even well-intentioned, socially valuable big data applications.
Data ethics is of necessity an evolving and adaptive field. Attention to these complications for the application of big data analytics into the healthcare sector is needed in order to ensure responsible and publicly defensible use of that data.
Management of Secondary Osteoarthritis with Proximal Femoral Deformity due to Previous Coxitis Hip – A case report
Authors: Renaldi Rizal , Afrian Jifaldi , Chilmi Mohammad Zaim 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionMost proximal femoral deformities encountered during hip arthroplasty are secondary to degenerative processes, previous osteotomy, or fracture and could be a challenged for surgeons. Femoral deformity may be angular, rotational, or one of bone diameter or length. Fully understanding the anatomy of the deformity is the first element in deciding how to best treat the deformity during Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). Presentation of CaseFemale 31 years old complaint of pain on her left hip with restricted motion, with a leg length discrepancy (LLD) of 2 cm and a history of operation due to left hip infection when she was a baby. THA was performed with carefully evaluating the abductor muscle to maintain hip stability. Postoperatively the patient has an equal leg length, with less pain on the hip, a good ROM, and able to walk dependently using a cane. Slight tightness on the abductor and adductor muscle was noted postoperatively and the patient undergone physiotherapy. DiscussionMultiple important factor must be considered before considering THA in patients with proximal femoral deformity, including abductor function, osseous anatomy, hip stability and LLD. One must be careful of correction of LLD greater than 3 cm because possible effect on abductor strength, hip stability and sciatic nerve function. In this case, we demonstrated that a successful THA can be achieved despite altered anatomy due to secondary developmental changes. ConclusionIn the setting of sufficient abductor strength and bony stock amenable to implant fixation, THA is a viable option for management and careful preoperative planning helps predict prosthesis requirements and technical challenges. KeywordsOsteoarthritis, Proximal Femoral Deformities, Total Hip Arthroplasty, Abductor Muscle
HSCT FOR HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES (2022 UPDATE)
Authors: Costa Thalita Cristina de Mello , Luiz Guilherme Darrigo Júnior  , Ana Karine Vieira  , Cintia Delbem Albino  , George Maurício Navarro Barros  , Julia Lopes Garcia  , Laila Rigolin Fortunato  , Flavia Leite Souza Santos  , Gil Cunha De Santis  , Guilherme Fonseca  , Renato Luiz Guerino-Cunha  , Belinda Pinto Simões  
Published: February 2023

In 2021 the Brazilian society of stem cell transplantation and cell therapy published the consensus guidelines regarding hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for hemoglobinopathies. No changes have been added for thalassemia. HSCT with a matched sibling donor (MSD) or a related cord blood is the treatment of choice for young patients with transfusion dependent thalassemia. Matched unrelated and haploidentical HSCT, using bone marrow graft, are a clinical option. For sickle cell disease (SCD), conditioning regimen should be myeloablative for patients < 16 years old. For adults, fludarabine, busulfan and ATG is a safe and effective regimen. The chemo-free regimen with alemtuzumab and TBI, pioneered by the NIH group, was successfully reproduced by other centers and is a good option for adults and patients with established organ damage. Haploidentical HSCT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide showed high rejection rates in the beginning but improvements in the conditioning regimen were performed, including the use of pre-transplant immunosuppression, the increase in TBI dose from 2 cGy to 4 cGy and the addition of thiotepa, which significantly reduced rejection rates. We consider haploidentical transplant as a clinical option in children with significant neurological alteration and in adults with the established indications. The optimal timing for HSCT in SCD children with MSD is not well established. Previous international reports showed excellent outcomes in young children. The risk of grade 2-4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and chronic GVHD is significantly higher in patients older than 15 years old. Despite potential complications of HSCT (GVHD, gonadal dysfunction), transplantation at an earlier age may prevent organ dysfunction, strokes, iron overload and improve patients’ quality of life. Therefore, an early referral to HSCT is strongly recommended. The medical dilemma in older SCD patients, will be the assessment of established organ damage and the risk of transplantation. The clinical course of SCD is extremely variable and no validated genetic risk score has been established so far. Most of the risk scores use phenotypic characteristics together with laboratory biomarkers and imaging parameters to define outcomes in SCD.
The Uses of Balau Among the Melanau Community Especially in The Traditional Healing Rituals
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Faiz , Ya’akub Ahmad Nizar , Salleh Mohamad Suhaidi , Ahmad Ishak Siti Zanariah 
Published: February 2023

Indigenous Knowledge is defined by UNESCO as the understandings, skills and philosophies that is formed by communities through a continuous interaction between the natural surroundings with its people. The traditions and customs of indigenous knowledge particularly traditional healing rituals within the Melanau community are being forgotten as they are less practice nowadays. Balau or scientifically known as mextroxylon sagu is a plant that is closely related to the traditional healing practice and the way of life of the Melanau community. The objectives of the paper are: to identify the uses of balau among the Melanau community and to analyse the types and practices of Melanau traditional healing rituals. This paper uses a qualitative approach which includes in-depth interview and observation to gather all the data. The findings of this paper are: there are many functions of balau in the daily use of the Melanau community as a source of food, income and healing; and there are several types of traditional healing rituals that already not practice by the Melanau community due to the availability of modern medicine and religious conversion. To preserve the practices of indigenous knowledge mainly traditional healing rituals are challenging due to the rapid modernization.
Social Media As; an Agent for Behavioral Change among Young People: Case of Facebook Usage among Mass Communication Students of Uganda Martyrs University
Authors: Semambo Henry 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The advent of internet based technology has resulted into borderless communication. This has led to free circulation of information in the world. Uganda being a free market of ideas attributed partly to internet based technology, the young people constantly participate in the creation, exchanging and sharing different content on social media platforms. Therefore, this paper intends to find out the different kinds of habits youths acquire from consuming social media content, identifies conditions through which youths acquire different habits from social media and examine the kinds of information youths share on social media and give reasons for sharing such information.
Methodology: A sample size of 50 students was selected from the department of Journalism and communication studies, Uganda Martyrs University. This was a case study research approach focusing on facebook usage and research methods for collecting primary data included; questionnaires, interviews and participant observation. I majorly used facebook content analysis and descriptive statistics while interpreting the data collected regarding the research questions.
Findings: According to the study findings, as the youths become heavy consumers of social media content, they become addicted and develop different habits like; self-isolation from relatives, eating habits, imitation habit, liking habit, and spreading rumour. The habit changes maybe either negative or positive depending on the nature of social media content consumed.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Facebook gives a wide range of experiences to its users; it allows young people, create and share any information of their choice in actual time.
Impacts of Ethnic Conflict on Formal Education in Ghana: A case study of Chereponi District in North-Eastern Ghana
Authors: Kwame Emmanuel 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The study set out to explore the impact of conflict on educational activities.
Methodology: The study employed a mixed method design where both qualitative and quantitative data was collected.The target population for this study was limited to the stake holders of education in district because they had adequate knowledge about what constitute educational activities and how these are affected by the conflict. These included Teachers, current students, School Management Committee (SMC) members and Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs).
Findings: It was also revealed that the impact of the conflict on educational activities were school closures, absenteeism of both teachers and students, movement of teachers to other districts, disruption of examinations and child rights abuse. During the conflicts GES schools were shut down over a year so no academic activities took place during the period. Pupils remained at home with their parents for safety reasons.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that the Ministry of Youth and Local Government may liaise with the National House of Chiefs and the Northern Regional House of Chiefs to employ the indigenous methods of conflict resolution within the district to resolve the conflict between the Chokosis and the Konkombas. The Government of Ghana may formulate policies that will forbid any warring factions from targeting educational facilities or education employees and students so as to prevent instances where communal clashes disrupt academic activities.