bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of remote vital sign monitoring on health outcomes in acute respiratory infection and exacerbation of chronic respiratory conditions: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Creavin Samuel Thomas , Garg Megha , Hay Alastair D. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundOur aim was to investigate the effectiveness of virtual wards on health outcomes in patients with acute respiratory infection.MethodsWe searched four electronic databases from January 2000 to March 2021 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We included studies in people with acute respiratory illness or an acute exacerbation of a chronic respiratory illness, where a patient or carer measured vital signs (oximetry, blood pressure, pulse) for initial diagnosis and/or asynchronous monitoring, in a person living in private housing or a care home. We performed random-effects meta-analysis for mortality.ResultsWe reviewed 5834 abstracts and 107 full texts. Nine RCTs were judged to be relevant for inclusion, in which sample sizes ranged from 37 to 389 (total n=1627) and mean ages ranged between 61 and 77 years. Five were judged to be at low risk of bias. Five RCTs had fewer hospital admissions in the intervention (monitoring) group, out of which two studies reported a significant difference. Two studies reported more admissions in the intervention group, with one reporting a significant difference. We were unable to perform a meta-analysis on healthcare utilisation and hospitalisation data due to lack of outcome definition in the primary studies and variable outcome measurements. We judged two studies to be at low risk of bias. The pooled summary risk ratio for mortality was 0.90 (95% CI 0.55–1.48).ConclusionThe limited literature for remote monitoring of vital signs in acute respiratory illness provides weak evidence that these interventions have a variable impact on hospitalisations and healthcare utilisation, and may reduce mortality.
Clinical impact of routine sleep assessment by peripheral arterial tonometry in patients with COPD
Authors: Hansson Daniel , Andersson Anders , Vanfleteren Lowie E.G.W. , Andelid Kristina , Zou Ding , Hedner Jan , Grote Ludger 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundCoexisting obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in patients with COPD, defined as overlap syndrome (OVS), is prevalent and underdiagnosed. Routine assessment of OSA is not common practice in COPD care. Our study assessed the clinical impact of sleep assessment by peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) in COPD patients.Methods105 COPD patients (mean age 68.1±9 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.3±6.0 kg·m−2, 44% males, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages I to IV in 2%, 40%, 42% and 16%, respectively) underwent assessment at an outpatient COPD clinic including anthropometrics, arterial blood gas (ABG) and spirometry in this clinical cohort study. PAT-based sleep studies were performed. Predictors of OVS and ABG were determined. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-related OSA (REM-OSA) was analysed in OVS.Results49 COPD patients (47%) suffered from moderate to severe OSA (OVS group, mean apnoea–hypopnoea index 30.8±18 events·h−1, REM-oxygen desaturation index (REM-ODI) 26.9±17 events·h−1). OVS was more prevalent in males compared to females (59% and 37%, p=0.029, respectively). Age (70.1±8versus66.3±10 years), BMI (30.0±6versus26.4±7 kg·m−2) and hypertension prevalence (71%versus45%) were elevated (all p<0.03, respectively), while deep sleep (12.7±7% and 15.4±6%, p=0.029) and mean overnight oxygenation (90.6±3% and 92.3±2%, p=0.003) were lower in OVS compared to COPD alone. REM-ODI was independently associated with daytime arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) (β=0.022, p<0.001). REM-OSA was associated with an elevated prevalence of atrial fibrillation compared to no REM-OSA (25% and 3%, p=0.022).ConclusionsOVS was highly prevalent, specifically in obese males. REM-related OSA showed strong association with elevated daytimePaCO2and prevalent cardiovascular disease. PAT was feasible for sleep assessment in COPD.
Awake prone position in COVID-19 acute respiratory failure: a randomised crossover study using electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Brunelle Thomas , Prud'homme Eloi , Alphonsine Jean-Emmanuel , Baumstarck Karine , Sanz Celine , Salmi Saida , Peres Noemie , Forel Jean-Marie , Papazian Laurent , Hraiech Sami , Roch Antoine , Guervilly Christophe 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to determine whether an awake prone position (aPP) reduces the global inhomogeneity (GI) index of ventilation measured by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).MethodsThis prospective crossover study included COVID-19 patients with COVID-19 and ARF defined by arterial oxygen tension:inspiratory oxygen fraction (PaO2:FIO2) of 100–300 mmHg. After baseline evaluation and 30-min EIT recording in the supine position (SP), patients were randomised into one of two sequences: SP-aPP or aPP-SP. At the end of each 2-h step, oxygenation, respiratory rate, Borg scale and 30-min EIT were recorded.Results10 patients were randomised in each group. The GI index did not change in the SP-aPP group (baseline 74±20%, end of SP 78±23% and end of aPP 72±20%, p=0.85) or in the aPP-SP group (baseline 59±14%, end of aPP 59±15% and end of SP 54±13%, p=0.67). In the whole cohort,PaO2:FIO2increased from 133±44 mmHg at baseline to 183±66 mmHg in aPP (p=0.003) and decreased to 129±49 mmHg in SP (p=0.03).ConclusionIn spontaneously breathing nonintubated COVID-19 patients with ARF, aPP was not associated with a decrease of lung ventilation inhomogeneity assessed by EIT, despite an improvement in oxygenation.
Validation of the HULL Score clinical prediction rule for unsuspected pulmonary embolism in ambulatory cancer patients
Authors: Haque Farzana , Ryde Jessamine , Broughton Laura , Huang Chao , Sethi Sifut , Stephens Andrew , Pillai Annet , Mirza Shagufta , Brown Victoria , Avery Ged , Bozas Georgios , Maraveyas Anthony 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundClinical prediction rules (CPRs) developed to predict adverse outcomes of suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) and facilitate outpatient management have limitations in discriminating outcomes for ambulatory cancer patients with unsuspected PE (UPE). The HULL Score CPR uses a 5‑point scoring system incorporating performance status and self-reported new or recently evolving symptoms at UPE diagnosis. It stratifies patients into low, intermediate and high risk for proximate mortality. This study aimed to validate the HULL Score CPR in ambulatory cancer patients with UPE.Patients and methods282 consecutive patients managed under the UPE-acute oncology service in Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust were included from January 2015 to March 2020. The primary end-point was all-cause mortality, and outcome measures were proximate mortality for the three risk categories of the HULL Score CPR.Results30-day, 90-day and 180-day mortality rates for the whole cohort were 3.4% (n=7), 21.1% (n=43) and 39.2% (n=80), respectively. The HULL Score CPR stratified patients into low-risk (n=100, 35.5%), intermediate-risk (n=95, 33.7%) and high-risk (n=81, 28.7%) categories. Correlation of the risk categories with 30-day mortality (area under the curve (AUC) 0.717, 95% CI 0.522–0.912), 90-day mortality (AUC 0.772, 95% CI 0.707–0.838), 180-day mortality (AUC 0.751, 95% CI 0.692–0.809) and overall survival (AUC 0.749, 95% CI 0.686–0.811) was consistent with the derivation cohort.ConclusionThis study validates the capacity of the HULL Score CPR to stratify proximate mortality risk in ambulatory cancer patients with UPE. The score uses immediately available clinical parameters and is easy to integrate into an acute outpatient oncology setting.
Monocyte count is associated with the severity of human adenovirus pneumonia in hospitalized children aged less than 6 years
Authors: Hu Rong , Luo Xiaorong , Tang Guilan , Ding Yiyi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Human Adenovirus (HAdV) pneumonia is common in young children and infants. Overall, 7–8% of all viral respiratory illnesses among children for less than 5 years are induced by HAdVs. Unfortunately little is known about the role of monocyte count in the disease severity.

Methods
Data were gathered from 595 children (age < 6 years) who were diagnosed with HAdV infection at the 1st People's Hospital (Changde City, China) between January 2019 and December 2019. There were 181 cases of severe adenovirus pneumonia.

Results
The correlation between the patients' monocyte count and the severity of HAdV pneumonia was estimated by performing a multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed a negative association (OR: 0.53, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.89, P < 0.05). We further built Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) and demonstrated that the monocyte count had a non-linear association with severe HAdV pneumonia. The inflection point of monocyte count detected in the two-stage linear regression model was 1.5. On the left side of this point, the monocyte count was negatively interrelated (OR: 0.26, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.52, P < 0.001), while on the opposite side, there was a positive association (OR: 7.48, 95% CI 1.30 to 43.08, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Based on the results of this investigation, we established a link between monocyte count and the severity of HAdV pneumonia. Monocyte count is negatively associated with severe HAdV pneumonia. The inflection point of monocyte count detected in the two-stage linear regression model was 1.5 × 109/L.
What internal medicine attendings talk about at morning report: a multicenter study
Authors: Redinger Jeffrey W. , Heppe Daniel B. , Albert Tyler J. , Cornia Paul B. , Gordon Kirsha S. , Arundel Cherinne , Bradley Joel M. , Caputo Laura M. , Chun Jonathan W. , Cyr Jessica E. , Ehlers Erik T. , Guidry Michelle M. , Jagannath Anand D. , Kwan Brian K. , Laudate James D. , Mitchell Christine A. , Smeraglio Andrea C. , Sweigart Joseph R. , Tuck Matthew G. , Gunderson Craig G. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Morning report is a core educational activity in internal medicine resident education. Attending physicians regularly participate in morning report and influence the learning environment, though no previous study has described the contribution of attending physicians to this conference. This study aims to describe attending comments at internal medicine morning reports.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, observational study of morning reports conducted at 13 internal medicine residency programs between September 1, 2020, and March 30, 2021. Each attending comment was described including its duration, whether the comment was teaching or non-teaching, teaching topic, and field of practice of the commenter. We also recorded morning report-related variables including number of learners, report format, program director participation, and whether report was scripted (facilitator has advance knowledge of the case). A regression model was developed to describe variables associated with the number of attending comments per report.

Results
There were 2,344 attending comments during 250 conferences. The median number of attendings present was 3 (IQR, 2–5). The number of comments per report ranged across different sites from 3.9 to 16.8 with a mean of 9.4 comments/report (SD, 7.4). 66% of comments were shorter than one minute in duration and 73% were categorized as teaching by observers. The most common subjects of teaching comments were differential diagnosis, management, and testing. Report duration, number of general internists, unscripted reports, and in-person format were associated with significantly increased number of attending comments.

Conclusions
Attending comments in morning report were generally brief, focused on clinical teaching, and covered a wide range of topics. There were substantial differences between programs in terms of the number of comments and their duration which likely affects the local learning environment. Morning report stakeholders that are interested in increasing attending involvement in morning report should consider employing in-person and unscripted reports. Additional studies are needed to explore best practice models of attending participation in morning report.
A novel inverse membrane bioreactor for efficient bioconversion from methane gas to liquid methanol using a microbial gas-phase reaction
Authors: Chen Yan-Yu , Ishikawa Masahito , Hori Katsutoshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMethane (CH4), as one of the major energy sources, easily escapes from the supply chain into the atmosphere, because it exists in a gaseous state under ambient conditions. Compared to carbon dioxide (CO2), CH4is 25 times more potent at trapping radiation; thus, the emission of CH4to the atmosphere causes severe global warming and climate change. To mitigate CH4emissions and utilize them effectively, the direct biological conversion of CH4into liquid fuels, such as methanol (CH3OH), using methanotrophs is a promising strategy. However, supplying biocatalysts in an aqueous medium with CH4involves high energy consumption due to vigorous agitation and/or bubbling, which is a serious concern in methanotrophic processes, because the aqueous phase causes a very large barrier to the delivery of slightly soluble gases.ResultsAn inverse membrane bioreactor (IMBR), which combines the advantages of gas-phase bioreactors and membrane bioreactors, was designed and constructed for the bioconversion of CH4into CH3OH in this study. In contrast to the conventional membrane bioreactor with bacterial cells that are immersed in an aqueous phase, the filtered cells were placed to face a gas phase in the IMBR to supply CH4directly from the gas phase to bacterial cells.Methylococcus capsulatus(Bath), a representative methanotroph, was used to demonstrate the bioconversion of CH4to CH3OH in the IMBR. Cyclopropanol was supplied from the aqueous phase as a selective inhibitor of methanol dehydrogenase, preventing further CH3OH oxidation. Sodium formate was added as an electron donor to generate NADH, which is necessary for CH3OH production. After optimizing the inlet concentration of CH4, the mass of cells, the cyclopropanol concentration, and the gas flow rate, continuous CH3OH production can be achieved over 72 h with productivity at 0.88 mmol L−1 h−1in the IMBR, achieving a longer operation period and higher productivity than those using other types of membrane bioreactors reported in the literature.ConclusionsThe IMBR can facilitate the development of gas-to-liquid (GTL) technologies via microbial processes, allowing highly efficient mass transfer of substrates from the gas phase to microbial cells in the gas phase and having the supplement of soluble chemicals convenient.
Description of Sarcocystis platyrhynchosi n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from domestic ducks Anas platyrhynchos (Anseriformes: Anatidae) in China
Authors: Hu Junjie , Zhang Mingzhu , Wu Zhipeng , Zeng Hongxia , Tao Jianping 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Limited data are currently available on protozoan parasites of the genus Sarcocystis that infect their avian hosts within the order Anseriformes (waterfowl). To date, no Sarcocystis species has been recorded in ducks in China.

Methods
Leg muscles were sampled from 26 domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in China in 2021. Morphological characteristics of sarcocysts detected in the muscle tissue were described using light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Genomic DNA was extracted from single sarcocysts obtained from different ducks, and three genetic markers, 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA), 28S ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA) and mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were amplified and cloned for sequence analyses.

Results
Sarcocysts were observed by LM in only three of the 28 samples (10.7%). These sarcocysts had a thick cyst wall with numerous brush-like villar protrusions (vps) of 3.8–4.3 μm in length (n = 30) on the cyst surface. TEM observation showed that the sarcocysts had lanceolated vps. Each vps narrowed in the stalk and contained a bundle of microtubules that extended into the ground substance. Comparisons of the new sequences with those deposited in GenBank showed that the most similar sequences were those of Sarcocystishalieti in the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo and European starling Sturnus vulgaris, and Sarcocystis calchasi in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) at the 18S rDNA (99.1% identity); Sarcocystiswenzeli from the domestic chicken Gallus gallus at the 28S rDNA (95.9–96.0% identity); and Sarcocystis speeri from the opossum at the mtcox1 (98.2% identity). The new 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and mitochondrial cox1 sequences shared up to 99.0%, 95.6% and 97.7% identity, respectively, with those of Sarcocystis spp. obtained from Anseriformes avian hosts. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from the sequences of the three genetic markers placed the organism within a group of Sarcocystis spp. obtained from avian or carnivorous intermediate hosts and avian, marsupial or carnivorous definitive hosts. Based on the morphological observation and molecular analyses, the organism found in the Chinese domestic ducks was regarded as a new species and named Sarcocystis platyrhynchosi n. sp.

Conclusions
Based on morphology and sequence analyses, the microcysts diagnosed in the domestic ducks examined in this study were named as a new species. This is the first record of Sarcocystis spp. from waterfowl in China. Sarcocysts of similar morphology occur frequently in different Anseriformes birds, and the relationships among these species need to be further clarified in future studies using more molecular markers.

Graphical Abstract
Ultrasonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter to detect intracranial hypertension: an observational study
Authors: Yic Christian Daniel , Pontet Julio , Mercado Mauricio , Muñoz Matias , Biestro Alberto 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as a predictor of intracranial hypertension as compared to the invasive measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP).

Design
Cross-sectional observational study.

Setting
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of two tertiary university hospitals in Montevideo, Uruguay.

Patients
We included 56 adult patients, over 18 years of age, who required sedation, mechanical ventilation, and invasive ICP monitoring as a result of a severe acute neurologic injury (traumatic or non-traumatic) and had a Glascow Coma Score (GCS) equal to or less than 8 on admission to the ICU.

Interventions
Ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD to detect intracranial hypertension.

Measurements and main results
In our study, a logistic regression model was performed in which it was observed that the variable ONSD is statistically significant with a p value of 0.00803 (< 0.05). This model estimates and predicts the probability that a patient will have an ICP greater than 20 mmHg. From the analysis of the cut-off points, it is observed that a value of 5.7 mm of ONSD maximizes the sensitivity (92.9%) of the method (a greater number of individuals with ICP > 20 mmHg are correctly identified).

Conclusions
In sedated neurocritical patients, with structural Acute Brain Injury, the ONSD measurement correlates with the invasive measurement of ICP. It was observed that with ONSD values less than 5.7 mm, the probability of being in the presence of ICP above 20 mmHg is very low, while for ONSD values greater than 5.7 mm, said probability clearly increases.
Correlations between physical activity and quality of life in entrepreneurs from Wrocław, Poland
Authors: Puciato Daniel , Bączkowicz Dawid , Rozpara Michał 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Limited physical activity is one of the main reasons for the rapid increase in the prevalence of diseases of affluence, which can lead to premature deaths in adults. Quality of life may be one of potential determinants of physical activity. The aim of this article is to identify the relationships between physical activity and quality of life in entrepreneurs from Wroclaw, Poland.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of 616 entrepreneurs (216 women and 400 men). A diagnostic survey method was used with a direct interview technique. The research tools included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Results
Among the studied entrepreneurs, along with their higher ratings of overall quality of life, the odds of high rather than low levels of physical activity increased nearly fivefold (OR 4.86, CI 3.34–7.07). Entrepreneurs with higher assessment levels of their perceived health condition were nearly twice as likely to report high rather than low physical activity levels (OR 1.92, CI 1.42–2.59). The conditional probability of high rather than low levels of physical activity also increased in the entrepreneurs with higher assessments of quality of life in the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains, by 34%, 11%, 5%, and 6%, respectively.

Conclusion
Programs promoting physical activity among entrepreneurs, which focus on moderate and high intensity exercise, should be considered desirable in the context of the study findings. Activities aimed at improving quality of life in the physical and psychological domains as a potential determinant of the level of physical activity of entrepreneurs are also worth recommending.
MedLexSp – a medical lexicon for Spanish medical natural language processing
Authors: Campillos-Llanos Leonardo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Medical lexicons enable the natural language processing (NLP) of health texts. Lexicons gather terms and concepts from thesauri and ontologies, and linguistic data for part-of-speech (PoS) tagging, lemmatization or natural language generation. To date, there is no such type of resource for Spanish.

Construction and content
This article describes an unified medical lexicon for Medical Natural Language Processing in Spanish. MedLexSp includes terms and inflected word forms with PoS information and Unified Medical Language System$$^{\circledR }$$

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(UMLS) semantic types, groups and Concept Unique Identifiers (CUIs). To create it, we used NLP techniques and domain corpora (e.g. MedlinePlus). We also collected terms from the Dictionary of Medical Terms from the Spanish Royal Academy of Medicine, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT), the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Terminology (MedDRA), the International Classification of Diseases vs. 10, the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Dictionary, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and OrphaData. Terms related to COVID-19 were assembled by applying a similarity-based approach with word embeddings trained on a large corpus. MedLexSp includes 100 887 lemmas, 302 543 inflected forms (conjugated verbs, and number/gender variants), and 42 958 UMLS CUIs. We report two use cases of MedLexSp. First, applying the lexicon to pre-annotate a corpus of 1200 texts related to clinical trials. Second, PoS tagging and lemmatizing texts about clinical cases. MedLexSp improved the scores for PoS tagging and lemmatization compared to the default Spacy and Stanza python libraries.

Conclusions
The lexicon is distributed in a delimiter-separated value file; an XML file with the Lexical Markup Framework; a lemmatizer module for the Spacy and Stanza libraries; and complementary Lexical Record (LR) files. The embeddings and code to extract COVID-19 terms, and the Spacy and Stanza lemmatizers enriched with medical terms are provided in a public repository.