bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the cost-effectiveness of menu calorie labelling on reducing obesity-associated cancer burdens? An economic evaluation of a federal policy intervention among 235 million adults in the USA
Authors: Du Mengxi , Griecci Christina F , Cudhea Frederick , Eom Heesun , Wong John B , Wilde Parke , Kim David D , Michaud Dominique S , Wang Y Claire , Mozaffarian Dariush , Zhang Fang Fang 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of menu calorie labelling on reducing obesity-associated cancer burdens in the USA.DesignCost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov cohort state-transition model.SettingPolicy intervention.ParticipantsA modelled population of 235 million adults aged ≥20 years in 2015–2016.InterventionsThe impact of menu calorie labelling on reducing 13 obesity-associated cancers among US adults over a lifetime was evaluated for: (1) effects on consumer behaviours; and (2) additional effects on industry reformulation. The model integrated nationally representative demographics, calorie intake from restaurants, cancer statistics and estimates on associations of policy with calorie intake, dietary change with body mass index (BMI) change, BMI with cancer rates, and policy and healthcare costs from published literature.Main outcome measuresAverted new cancer cases and cancer deaths and net costs (in 2015 US$) among the total population and demographic subgroups were determined. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios from societal and healthcare perspectives were assessed and compared with the threshold of US$150 000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses incorporated uncertainty in input parameters and generated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).ResultsConsidering consumer behaviour alone, this policy was associated with 28 000 (95% UI 16 300 to 39 100) new cancer cases and 16 700 (9610 to 23 600) cancer deaths averted, 111 000 (64 800 to 158 000) QALYs gained, and US$1480 (884 to 2080) million saved in cancer-related medical costs among US adults. The policy was associated with net cost savings of US$1460 (864 to 2060) million and US$1350 (486 to 2260) million from healthcare and societal perspectives, respectively. Additional industry reformulation would substantially increase policy impact. Greater health gains and cost savings were predicted among young adults, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black individuals.ConclusionsStudy findings suggest that menu calorie labelling is associated with lower obesity-related cancer burdens and reduced healthcare costs. Policymakers may prioritise nutrition policies for cancer prevention in the USA.
Prevalence of cognitive frailty among older adults in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jian , Xu Shengjia , Wang Jiurui , Yan Zeping , Wang Zhiwei , Liang Qian , Luan Xiaorong 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cognitive frailty among older adults in China.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature and Weipu (VIP) databases to collect information on the epidemiology of cognitive frailty among older adults in China. The study period was from the establishment of the database to March 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata V.15.0.ResultsWe screened 522 records, of which 28 met the inclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of cognitive frailty among older adults in China was 15%(95%CI (0.13%,0.17%)). The prevalence of cognitive frailty was higher in hospitals and nursing homes than in communities. Moreover, the prevalence of cognitive frailty was higher in women than in men. Furthermore, the prevalence rates of cognitive frailty in North China Hospital, older adults aged≥80 years, and illiterate individuals were 25%, 29%, and 55%, respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, in China, the prevalence of cognitive frailty is higher among older adults, is higher in women than in men, is higher in hospitals and nursing homes than in communities, and is higher in North China than other regions. Moreover, the higher the educational level, the lower the prevalence of cognitive frailty. Multimodal interventions for cognitive frailty, including increased exercise, nutritional support, increased socialisation opportunities and multifactorial strategies, may be effective in preventing cognitive frailty. These findings have important implications for adjusting healthcare and social care systems.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023390486.
Negative and protective experiences influencing the well-being of refugee children resettling in Germany: a qualitative study
Authors: Abdelhamid Shaymaa , Lindert Jutta , Fischer Joachim , Steinisch Maria 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveConflict, forced migration and searching for safety in a foreign land are all experiences common to refugee children. They experience potentially traumatic events that are distinct from the general population, yet current adverse childhood experience (ACE) studies do not cover these events. Studies that do examine refugee children’s experiences typically focus on a single stage of migration or adversities from the community, offering insight into only a fraction of their realities. This study aimed to identify potentially traumatising and protective experiences subjectively perceived as influencing refugee children’s well-being from all stages of migration and all socio-ecological levels.DesignQualitative study with thematic analysis of semi-structured individual and group interviews. Themes were organised within a socio-ecological model.SettingNon-profit organisations, youth welfare facilities and societies that organise civic engagement for refugee families in the Rhine-Neckar region in Germany provided rooms where interviews could be conducted.ParticipantsRefugee parents and children who spoke one of the four most common languages of those seeking asylum in Germany in 2018 were included. This study excluded refugees who were not fleeing a conflict area. Forty-seven refugee parents and 11 children (aged 8–17 years) from Syria, Iraq, Palestine, Afghanistan and Eritrea participated.ResultsEight major themes emerged from interviews including six reflecting potentially negative experiences and two potentially protective themes. These themes evolved from experiences such as family dispersion, displacement, rigorous immigration and national policies, as well as constructive parenting and community support.ConclusionIt is increasingly important to identify these diverse experiences as the refugee population continues to grow, and the increased prevalence of poor health outcomes in refugee children continues to be widely documented. Identifying ACEs specifically relevant to refugee children could contribute to understanding potential pathways and could further serve as a starting point for tailored interventions.
Completion and publication of clinical trials in a cooperative group: a cohort study of trials of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK)
Authors: Hayoz Stefanie , Kasenda Benjamin , Schenker Annina Lea , Kopp Christoph , Schär Sämi , Thürlimann Beat , von Moos Roger , Pless Miklos 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundPremature trial discontinuation and non-publication of trial results are still major issues negatively affecting reliable evidence generation.ObjectivesTo investigate trial completion and publication rate of cancer trials conducted within the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK).DesignCohort study of clinical trials.SettingCohort of interventional cancer trials conducted in Switzerland with accrual closure between 1986 and 2021 identified from the SAKK trial management system.OutcomesPremature trial discontinuation and publication in peer-reviewed journal.ResultsWe included 261 trials; median number of recruited patients was 150.5 (range 1–8028). Most trials (67.0%) were randomised. Overall, 76 of 261 (29.1%) trials were prematurely closed for accrual. The three main reasons for premature closure were insufficient accrual in 28 trials, followed by stopping for futility in 17 or efficacy in 8 trials. We included 240 trials for the publication status (21 excluded, because 8 still in follow-up, for 10 the primary completion date was less than a year ago and for 3 the manuscript was submitted, but to accepted yet). 216 of 240 (90.0%) were published as a full article, 14 were published in other formats, leading to an overall publication rate of 95.8%. The rate of premature discontinuation declined over time, with 34.2%, 27.8% and 23.5% in trials activated before 2000, between 2000 and 2009, and since 2010, respectively. We observed an increasing publication rate in peer-reviewed journals over time: 79.2% (closed before 2000), 95.7% (closed between 2000 and 2009) and 93.2% (closed after 2010).ConclusionInsufficient patient recruitment is still the major reason for premature trial discontinuation. SAKK has continuously improved its quality management of trial conduct over time leading to increased successful trial completion and publication. However, there is still room for improvement to increase the number of trials reaching their target sample size.
Cohort profile of PLUTO: a perioperative biobank focusing on prediction and early diagnosis of postoperative complications
Authors: de Mul Nikki , Verlaan Diede , Ruurda Jelle P , van Grevenstein Wilhelmina M U , Hagendoorn Jeroen , de Borst Gert-Jan , Vriens Menno R , de Bree Remco , Zweemer Ronald P , Vogely Charles , Haitsma Mulier Jelle L G , Vernooij Lisette M , Reitsma Johannes B , de Zoete Marcel R , Top Janetta , Kluijtmans Jan A J , Hoefer Imo E , Noordzij Peter , Rettig Thijs , Marsman Marije , de Smet Anne Marie G A , Derde Lennie , van Waes Judith , Rijsdijk Mienke , Schellekens Willem Jan M , Bonten Marc J M , Slooter Arjen J C , Cremer Olaf L 
Published: April 2023

PurposeAlthough elective surgery is generally safe, some procedures remain associated with an increased risk of complications. Improved preoperative risk stratification and earlier recognition of these complications may ameliorate postoperative recovery and improve long-term outcomes. The perioperative longitudinal study of complications and long-term outcomes (PLUTO) cohort aims to establish a comprehensive biorepository that will facilitate research in this field. In this profile paper, we will discuss its design rationale and opportunities for future studies.ParticipantsPatients undergoing elective intermediate to high-risk non-cardiac surgery are eligible for enrolment. For the first seven postoperative days, participants are subjected to daily bedside visits by dedicated observers, who adjudicate clinical events and perform non-invasive physiological measurements (including handheld spirometry and single-channel electroencephalography). Blood samples and microbiome specimens are collected at preselected time points. Primary study outcomes are the postoperative occurrence of nosocomial infections, major adverse cardiac events, pulmonary complications, acute kidney injury and delirium/acute encephalopathy. Secondary outcomes include mortality and quality of life, as well as the long-term occurrence of psychopathology, cognitive dysfunction and chronic pain.Findings to dateEnrolment of the first participant occurred early 2020. During the inception phase of the project (first 2 years), 431 patients were eligible of whom 297 patients consented to participate (69%). Observed event rate was 42% overall, with the most frequent complication being infection.Future plansThe main purpose of the PLUTO biorepository is to provide a framework for research in the field of perioperative medicine and anaesthesiology, by storing high-quality clinical data and biomaterials for future studies. In addition, PLUTO aims to establish a logistical platform for conducting embedded clinical trials.Trial registration numberNCT05331118.
Evaluation of the US detention standards to protect the health and dignity of migrants: a systematic review of national health standards
Authors: Tejkl Lauren , Tellez David , McLaughlin Dana , Savold Jordan , Vasquez Cyndy , Abrahim Orit , Spiegel Paul 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThe US government detains hundreds of thousands of migrants across a network of facilities each year. This research aims to evaluate the completeness of standards across US detention agencies to protect the health and dignity of migrants.DesignFive documents from three US agencies were examined in a systematic review: Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE; 3), Customs and Border Protection (CBP; 1) and Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR; 1). Standards within five public health categories (health, hygiene, shelter, food and nutrition, protection) were extracted from each document and coded by subcategory and area. Areas were classified as critical, essential or supportive. Standards were measured for specificity, measurability, attainability, relevancy and timeliness (SMART), resulting in a sufficiency score (0%–100%). Average sufficiency scores were calculated for areas and agencies.Results711 standards were extracted within 5 categories, 12 subcategories and 56 areas. 284 standards of the 711 standards were included in multiple (2–7) areas, resulting in 1173 standards counted as many times as each was included. On average, 85.4% of standards were specific, 87.1% measurable, 96.6% attainable and 74.9% time-bound. All standards were considered relevant. CBP standards were the least sufficient across all other SMART components, when compared with ICE and ORR.ConclusionsThere are disparate detention standards based on agencies’ mandates and type of facility contracts. Migrants should be ensured of their public health rights and services in all spaces they occupy, and for any length of time regardless of who manages the facility. As long as detention remains a policy, the US should develop comprehensive, consistent and complementary standards for all detention facilities or pursue alternatives to detention.
Behavioural factors associated with fear of litigation as a driver for the increased use of caesarean sections: a scoping review
Authors: Elaraby Sarah , Altieri Elena , Downe Soo , Erdman Joanna , Mannava Sunny , Moncrieff Gill , Shamanna B R , Torloni Maria Regina , Betran Ana Pilar 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the behavioural drivers of fear of litigation among healthcare providers influencing caesarean section (CS) rates.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, Scopus and WHO Global Index (1 January 2001 to 9 March 2022).Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted using a form specifically designed for this review and we conducted content analysis using textual coding for relevant themes. We used the WHO principles for the adoption of a behavioural science perspective in public health developed by the WHO Technical Advisory Group for Behavioural Sciences and Insights to organise and analyse the findings. We used a narrative approach to summarise the findings.ResultsWe screened 2968 citations and 56 were included. Reviewed articles did not use a standard measure of influence of fear of litigation on provider’s behaviour. None of the studies used a clear theoretical framework to discuss the behavioural drivers of fear of litigation. We identified 12 drivers under the three domains of the WHO principles: (1) cognitive drivers: availability bias, ambiguity aversion, relative risk bias, commission bias and loss aversion bias; (2) social and cultural drivers: patient pressure, social norms and blame culture and (3) environmental drivers: legal, insurance, medical and professional, and media. Cognitive biases were the most discussed drivers of fear of litigation, followed by legal environment and patient pressure.ConclusionsDespite the lack of consensus on a definition or measurement, we found that fear of litigation as a driver for rising CS rates results from a complex interaction between cognitive, social and environmental drivers. Many of our findings were transferable across geographical and practice settings. Behavioural interventions that consider these drivers are crucial to address the fear of litigation as part of strategies to reduce CS.
Gaining consensus on clinical quality outcomes for eating disorders: Framework for the development of an Australian national minimum dataset
Authors: Bryant Emma , Broomfield Catherine , Burrows Jennifer , McLean Sian , Marks Peta , Maloney Danielle , Touyz Stephen , Maguire Sarah 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesEating disorders (EDs) are complex psychiatric illnesses requiring multidisciplinary care across both mental and medical healthcare settings. Currently, no nationally comprehensive, consistent, agreed on or mandated data set or data collection strategy exists for EDs in Australia: thus, little is known about the outcomes of care nor treatment pathways taken by individuals with EDs. InsideOut Institute was contracted by the Australian Government Department of Health to develop a minimum dataset (MDS) for the illness group with consideration given to data capture mechanisms and the scoping of a national registry.DesignA four-step modified Delphi methodology was used, including national consultations followed by three rounds of quantitative feedback by an expert panel.SettingDue to social distancing protocols throughout the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the study was conducted online using video conferencing (Zoom and Microsoft Teams) (Step 1), email communication and the REDCap secure web-based survey platform (Steps 2–4).Participants14 data management organisations, 5 state and territory government departments of health, 2 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander advising organisations and 28 stakeholders representing public and private health sectors across Australia participated in consultations. 123 ED experts (including lived experience) participated in the first quantitative round of the Delphi survey. Retention was high, with 80% of experts continuing to the second round and 73% to the third.Main outcome measuresItems and categories endorsed by the expert panel (defined a priori as >85% rating an item or category ‘very important’ or ‘imperative’).ResultsHigh consensus across dataset items and categories led to the stratification of an identified MDS. Medical status and quality of life were rated the most important outcomes to collect in an MDS. Other items meeting high levels of consensus included anxiety disorders, depression and suicidality; type of treatment being received; body mass index and recent weight change.ConclusionsUnderstanding presentation to and outcomes from ED treatment is vital to drive improvements in healthcare delivery. A nationally agreed MDS has been defined to facilitate this understanding and support improvements.
Neural network reconstructions for the Hubble parameter, growth rate and distance modulus
Authors: Gómez-Vargas Isidro , Medel-Esquivel Ricardo , García-Salcedo Ricardo , Vázquez J. Alberto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a new approach to reconstruct cosmological functions using artificial neural networks based on observational measurements with minimal theoretical and statistical assumptions. By using neural networks, we can generate computational models of observational datasets, and then we compare them with the original ones to verify the consistency of our method. This methodology is applicable to even small-size datasets. In particular, we test the proposed method with data coming from cosmic chronometers, $$f\sigma _8$$

f

σ
8

measurements, and the distance modulus of the Type Ia supernovae. Furthermore, we introduce a first approach to generate synthetic covariance matrices through a variational autoencoder, using the systematic covariance matrix of the Type Ia supernova compilation.
Dark matter fluid constraints from galaxy rotation curves
Authors: Perković Dalibor , Štefančić Hrvoje 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGalaxy rotation curves are considered to be convincing evidence for dark matter or some dynamically equivalent alternative mechanism. Starting only from the rotation curve data, we present a model independent approach of testing a general hypothesis that dark matter has the properties of a barotropic fluid. It is shown how the speed of sound squared can be expressed in terms of rotation curve data and their radial derivatives and how model independent constraints can be obtained from the requirements that it is confined between 0 and $$c^2$$

c
2

. Using the Milky Way rotation curve data available in the literature, we obtain the constraints on the barotropic fluid speed of sound and illustrate the potential of this approach. Technical challenges, limitations and possible future extensions and improvements of the proposed approach are discussed.
Update of Muonium 1S–2S transition frequency
Authors: Cortinovis Irene , Ohayon Ben , de Sousa Borges Lucas , Janka Gianluca , Golovizin Artem , Zhadnov Nikita , Crivelli Paolo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We present an updated value of the Muonium 1S–2S transition frequency, highlighting contributions from different QED corrections as well as the large uncertainty in the Dirac contribution, stemming from the uncertainty of the electron to muon mass ratio. Improving the measurement of this spectral line would allow to extract a more accurate determination of fundamental constants, such as the electron to muon mass ratio or, combined with the Muonium hyperfine splitting, an independent value of the Rydberg constant. Furthermore, we report on the current status of the Mu-MASS experiment, which aims at measuring the Muonium 1S–2S transition frequency at a $$10\hbox {kHz}$$

10
kHz

uncertainty level.

Graphic abstract
Multi-party semiquantum private comparison of size relationship with d-dimensional Bell states
Authors: Lian Jiang-Yuan , Li Xia , Ye Tian-Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we utilize d-dimensional Bell states to construct a multi-party semiquantum private comparison (MSQPC) protocol with two supervisors, which can determine the size relationship of more than two classical users’ private inputs under the control of two supervisors within one round implementation. The two supervisors, i.e., one quantum third party (TP) and one classical TP, are both semi-honest, which means that they can misbehave at their own wishes but are not permitted to conspire with anyone else. Neither quantum entanglement swapping nor unitary operations are required in the proposed MSQPC protocol. The security analysis certifies that the proposed MSQPC protocol can overcome both the outside attacks and the participant attacks.
Mathematical Modeling of Microwave-Assisted Foam-Mat Drying of Kefir
Authors: Yüksel Ayşe Nur , Pandiselvam Ravi 
Published: April 2023

Kefir is a traditional drink produced by the fermentation of milk with kefir grain. In this study, foam-mat drying of kefir using a microwave oven was made, and drying kinetics was determined at various microwave power levels (100, 180, and 300 W). Values of

D

eff

were calculated between

4.8394
×

10

−
10

and

1.8603
×

10

−
9

m2 s-1. Besides,

E

a

was calculated as 5.28 W g-1. Furthermore, increased drying rates were obtained with increasing microwave powers. In addition, seven drying models were fitted to the moisture ratios obtained from experiments, and Midilli and others’ model was found to be the best-fitted model with the highest values (0.9983, 0.9983, and 0.9985 for 100, 180, and 300 W, respectively) of

R

2

and the lowest values of

χ

2

, RSS, and RMSE.