bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined operations in outpatient laser treatment of chronic hemorrhoids of stage 2–3
Authors: Matveev I. A. , Borodin N. A. , Dgebuadze V. T. , Morozova L. A. , Povarnin N. N. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction. When performing laser coagulation of hemorrhoids, there is a demand for the elimination of simultaneous diseases, but their laser treatment is under study and implementation in the practice of coloproctologists.Aim. To study the features of transmucous laser thermal ablation of chronic hemorrhoids of stage 2–3 with simultaneous elimination of other anal canal diseases in outpatient settings.Materials and methods. Transmucous ablation of hemorrhoids of 2–3 degrees was performed in 104 (27.5%) people in combination with laser removal of chronic anal fissures in 82 (75%) patients, intra-sphincter fistulas in 10 (9.6%) and other anal canal pathology in 18 (17.4%) patients. The median age of patients was 43 years, 48 men (46.2%), 56 women (53.8%).Results. Surgical tactics of laser treatment of simultaneous and underlying pathology allowed one-step elimination of both diseases in all 100% of patients. The duration of combined operations was 20.0 min. (15; 20) the pain intensity was 2.5 points (2; 3). Intraoperative blood loss was minimal. Pain in the postoperative period persisted for 5 days. After surgery, bleeding occurred in 2 (1.9%) patients. During the year, a recurrence of hemorrhoids occurred in 2 (1.9%), anal fissure in 10 (12.2%), condyloma in 2 out of 3 operated.Discussion. The obtained characteristics of combined operations showed that all their signs corresponded to minimally invasive interventions, both operations, the main and combined, were low-traumatic, performed under local anesthesia and had one access and a common operating field.Conclusion. Combined pathology of the anorectal region is observed in a quarter of patients with chronic hemorrhoids. In 100%, it was eliminated by simultaneous operations that were minimally invasive, which allowed them to be performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia.
Simultaneous laser obliteration of recurrent veins and Baker’s cyst: indications, technique, results of treatment
Authors: Chernookov A. I. , Kuznetsov M. R. , Korobova N. Yu. , Kandyba S. I. , Atayan A. A. , Ramazanov A. A. , Belykh E. N. , Nikolaev A. M. , Pshmakhova A. Z. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The wide prevalence of varicose veins of the lower extremities and relapses of this disease causes a frequent combination of this pathology with other surgical and traumatological diseases. The expediency of using simultaneous operations is manifested in their obvious economic advantages.Objective. To substantiate the expediency and effectiveness of simultaneous laser thermal obliteration of recurrent veins of the lower extremities and Baker’s cyst.Materials and methods. 9 patients with recurrent varicose veins and Baker’s cyst were operated on. Of these, there were 7 (77.8%) women and 2 (22.2%) men, the average age was 52.8 ± 0.2 years. The average duration of the incidence of varicose veins was 14.1 ± 0.3 years, Baker’s cyst – 3.5 ± 0.1 years. As planned, patients underwent simultaneous laser endovenous coagulation of recurrent veins and intracavitary thermal obliteration of Baker’s cyst.Results. There were no complications, the duration of operations was 40.3 ± 0.4 minutes. The intensity of the pain syndrome in 6–8 hours after surgery was 4.1 ± 0.2 points. On the 10th day, no pain was observed in any patient. The duration of pain was 7.8 ± 0.4 days. Long-term results were studied 12–16 months after completion of treatment in 9 (100%) patients. Recurrent varicose veins were not detected. In 8 (88.9%) patients, complete obliteration of Baker’s cyst was established.Conclusions. Reliable obliteration of Baker’s cyst and recurrent varicose veins, 100% technical success, disappearance of clinical symptoms of this pathology, absence of relapses of both diseases in 8 (88.9%) patients after 12-16 months indicates high efficiency and indisputable prospects of such an approach to the treatment of this category of patients. However, the study is based on a small number of observations, so further accumulation of experience is required to generalize the results of the study.
Does Widespread Use of Hydroxychloroquine Reduce the Transmissibility
of SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19? An Ecological Correlational Study
Authors: Souza Neves Fabricio 
Published: May 2023

Background:
At the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, hydroxychloroquine
(HCQ) was widely used as a possible antiviral agent. Current knowledge indicates
that HCQ has little or no effect on individual clinical outcomes of COVID-19, but populational effects
on disease transmissibility are still unknown.

Objective:
This study investigates the hypothesis that massive HCQ consumption by a population may
contribute to reducing the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 spread by reducing the
viral load of infected individuals.

Methods:
Public database of seven states from Brazil in 2020 were assessed, before the start of
COVID-19 vaccination. The daily values of the COVID-19 effective reproduction number (Rt) were
obtained. Associations between Rt values and the proposed predictor variables (prevalence of COVID-
19 as a marker of collective immunity; social isolation indices; consumption of HCQ) were tested using
multiple linear regression analysis.

Results:
In all seven states, consumption of HCQ was a significant negative predictor of Rt (β ranged
from -0.295 to -0.502, p = 0.001). Furthermore, the mean derivative of Rt during the declining period
of the COVID-19 incidence (the mean rate of variation) was also significantly negatively related to the
mean HCQ consumption in that period (R2 = 0.895; β = -0.783; p = 0.011), meaning that the higher the
HCQ consumption, the faster the decline of COVID-19 Rt. It suggests a dose-response phenomenon
and a causal relationship in this association.

Conclusion:
The results of this study are compatible with the hypothesis that HCQ has small but significant
in vivo antiviral effects that are able to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility at the populational
level.
The Role of Novel Digital Clinical Tools in the Screening or Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Systematic Review
Authors: Duarte Miguel , Pereira-Rodrigues Pedro , Ferreira-Santos Daniela 
Published: May 2023

Background
Digital clinical tools are a new technology that can be used in the screening or diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), notwithstanding the crucial role of polysomnography, the gold standard.

Objective
This study aimed to identify, gather, and analyze the most accurate digital tools and smartphone-based health platforms used for OSA screening or diagnosis in the adult population.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies evaluating the validity of digital tools in OSA screening or diagnosis until November 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for diagnostic test accuracy studies. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were used as discrimination measures.

Results
We retrieved 1714 articles, 41 (2.39%) of which were included in the study. From these 41 articles, we found 7 (17%) smartphone-based tools, 10 (24%) wearables, 11 (27%) bed or mattress sensors, 5 (12%) nasal airflow devices, and 8 (20%) other sensors that did not fit the previous categories. Only 8 (20%) of the 41 studies performed external validation of the developed tool. Of these, the highest reported values for AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.99, 96%, and 92%, respectively, for a clinical cutoff of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)≥30. These values correspond to a noncontact audio recorder that records sleep sounds, which are then analyzed by a deep learning technique that automatically detects sleep apnea events, calculates the AHI, and identifies OSA. Looking at the studies that only internally validated their models, the work that reported the highest accuracy measures showed AUC, sensitivity, and specificity values of 1.00, 100%, and 96%, respectively, for a clinical cutoff AHI≥30. It uses the Sonomat—a foam mattress that, aside from recording breath sounds, has pressure sensors that generate voltage when deformed, thus detecting respiratory movements, and uses it to classify OSA events.

Conclusions
These clinical tools presented promising results with high discrimination measures (best results reached AUC>0.99). However, there is still a need for quality studies comparing the developed tools with the gold standard and validating them in external populations and other environments before they can be used in clinical settings.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42023387748; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=387748
Cardiovascular and Renal Benefits of Novel Diabetes Drugs by Baseline Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression
Authors: Rodriguez-Valadez José M. , Tahsin Malak , Fleischmann Kirsten E. , Masharani Umesh , Yeboah Joseph , Park Meyeon , Li Lihua , Weber Ellerie , Li Yan , Berkalieva Asem , Max Wendy , Hunink M.G. Myriam , Ferket Bart S. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Eligibility for glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) has been expanded to patients with diabetes at lower cardiovascular risk, but whether treatment benefits differ by risk levels is not clear.

PURPOSE
To investigate whether patients with varying risks differ in cardiovascular and renal benefits from GLP-1RA and SGLT2i with use of meta-analysis and meta-regression.

DATA SOURCES
We performed a systematic review using PubMed through 7 November 2022.

STUDY SELECTION
We included reports of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i confirmatory randomized trials in adult patients with safety or efficacy end point data.

DATA EXTRACTION
Hazard ratio (HR) and event rate data were extracted for mortality, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes.

DATA SYNTHESIS
We analyzed 9 GLP-1RA and 13 SGLT2i trials comprising 154,649 patients. Summary HRs were significant for cardiovascular mortality (GLP-1RA 0.87 and SGLT2i 0.86), major adverse cardiovascular events (0.87 and 0.88), heart failure (0.89 and 0.70), and renal (0.84 and 0.65) outcomes. For stroke, efficacy was significant for GLP-1RA (0.84) but not for SGLT2i (0.92). Associations between control arm cardiovascular mortality rates and HRs were nonsignificant. Five-year absolute risk reductions (0.80–4.25%) increased to 11.6% for heart failure in SGLT2i trials in patients with high risk (Pslope &lt; 0.001). For GLP1-RAs, associations were nonsignificant.

LIMITATIONS
Analyses were limited by lack of patient-level data, consistency in end point definitions, and variation in cardiovascular mortality rates for GLP-1RA trials.

CONCLUSIONS
Relative effects of novel diabetes drugs are preserved across baseline cardiovascular risk, whereas absolute benefits increase at higher risks, particularly regarding heart failure. Our findings suggest a need for baseline risk assessment tools to identify variation in absolute treatment benefits and improve decision-making.
Dynamics of Tractor Aggregated with Continuously Operating Planting Hole Digger
Authors: Beloev Hristo , Long Nguyen Duc , Nhu Dau The 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Digging holes for planting, which is a minimal tillage method, is beneficial in terms of reducing energy consumption and preventing erosion. Current popular hole diggers operate intermittently to give low productivity, and this problem can be solved by continuous hole digging machine with active tillage unit. On the basis of established principles, the kinematics of machine and its optimal parameters have been studied and determined. This paper presents the results of the study on dynamics of a tractor combined with a continuous excavator, as a basis for determining the combination’s working parameters, such as the speed of the unit and the number of rows. The experimental data on digger’s drag torque and the characteristics of Kubota B2530 tractor are the basis for simulating the working process at different speeds. The inequality of rotation speed and the moment of engine crankshaft is determined. Aggregates with single-row digger work stably in gears P1 to P6, while with double-row digger, stable operation is in gears P1 to P5. The productivity of a continuous operating digger is superior to that of an intermittent operating one. A continuous operating digger can reach 3500 pits·hour-1 with a double-row or 2400 pits·hour-1 with a single-row tractor aggregate.
Creating Wear-Resistant Layers on 41CrAlMo7 Steel Using Tig Surface Remelting
Authors: Mikuš Rastislav , Kováč Ivan , Žarnovský Jozef , Baláži Juraj , Midor Katarzyna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The article deals with the process of surface remelting of steel 41CrAlMo7 by electric arc (TIG) in the presence of powders with a defined chemical composition. Commercially available powders Pulnierpulver based on calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) (source of nitrogen) and Durborit G based on boron carbide B4C (source of boron) were remelted. The effect of remelting on the change of microstructure in the remelted area was examined to achieve an increase in hardness and resistance to abrasive wear. The measurements of the hardness of HV 1 were carried out, as well as determination of resistance to abrasive wear on the abrasive cloth with Al2O3 particles. The microstructures of remelted layers were observed by LOM and details by SEM. By remelting the examined steel, a significant increase in hardness and resistance to abrasive wear was achieved to a depth of up to 1.5 mm from the surface. An almost four times increase in hardness and an almost two times increase in wear resistance was found when remelting the Pulnierpulver powder, or more than three times increase in hardness and more than 1.5 times increase in resistance to abrasive wear when remelting the Durborit G powder compared to steel without remelting. The presented procedure of TIG surface remelting of powders containing a certain element represents a cheap, accessible, and fast way of creating surface layers with increased hardness and wear resistance. The method is applicable for increasing the wear resistance of functional parts of machines for agriculture, earthmoving, etc.
You-Too: Mental Hygiene Methodology for College-Age Students
Authors: Ligeti György 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
You-Too, a newly developed teaching and learning methodology in mental hygiene for college-age students, focuses on individual needs and uses their motivational power instead of trying to solve perceived or real social problems. This paper presents the theoretical background and main features of the method, as well as the anthropological observations we made during its operation.1
The Heart of the Citizenship Education and Revival of New Schools in Europe
Authors: Chistolini Sandra 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Our present time is characterised by many contradictions and the aspect of uncertainty indicates a sense of our deep loss of values. Education is the traditional space, in which generations create meanings and adults prefigure the future. Despite the idea of liquid modernity, which dominates our existence, we are convinced that we inherit meaningful testimonies of schools born in the spirit of the Reform from the pedagogic culture of the last two centuries. Schools, such as Dalton, Jena Plan, Decroly and Freinet, are still alive and bringing us a new message of citizenship education coherent with the impulse of their founders. Following our field study to investigate the reality of the Schools of Method in the areas of the Flanders and Brussels we were able to draw a solid concept of community. In the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, we assume that the modern western culture reaches its task to convert the dispute into tolerance. Citizenship education wishes to overcome any separations and indicates the road to peace and harmony. It is not by chance that Reform Schools are now reaffirming the original impulse. They are transforming the contradictions of our postmodern society into the management of daily education. Headmasters and teachers are seriously opting for movement and variety of the curriculum against school stereotypes of the disciplines. Children become protagonists of the reformation, using the methodology of dialogue, development and discovery. Teachers and parents appear to be fundamental parts of the process, and learning democracy in school begins with the practice of a council of pupils: discussing, deciding, doing. The external world actively enters schools to shape life. History is composed of the biographies of senior citizens, mainly grandfathers, and languages are matter of pride for children from families with migrant backgrounds.
Peripheral Living in the Post-Urban Era: from Humiliation to the Struggle for Social Justice
Authors: Brugiatelli Vereno 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Peripheral living in cities around the world often takes the form of neglect and humiliation with a lack of material resources. This phenomenon affects a significant percentage of the world’s population and is destined to grow. Peripheral living, a “grey zone” of the “urban sea”, is demarcated from the main institutions and is often seen as an undifferentiated space: included and excluded by the institutions; and included in and excluded from citizenship. In many cases the inhabitants on the periphery of cities and megacities are viewed as dangerous, delinquent, and incapable so the society that counts strives to protect itself by building lines of demarcation and urban fences. In the past, cities were founded with city walls for defence against possible external threats while today these boundaries have been replaced by internal limits that separate the urban area into zones reflecting the hierarchy of power. In this article I intend to provide an interpretation of peripheral living from the viewpoint of the social, cultural and political problems which cause the diverse types of deprivation and misrecognition towards the “inhabitants of the periphery”. In my analysis of this negativity, I will discuss the strategies which peripheral communities implement in the struggle for recognition of their rights, for dignified and humane living, for social justice and to be recognised as capable of achieving personal fulfilment.
Correlations of Oral Hygiene and Health Behavior of Teenagers Living in the Cumulatively Disadvantaged Northern Region of Hungary
Authors: Faragó Ildikó , Egri Tímea , Tóth Emőke Kiss , Kovács Mihály , Rucska Andrea 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
In the present research, we aim to highlight the urgent need for prevention and health education by exploring the oral health indicators of the most deprived groups in Northern Hungary, especially in the light of the severely negative effects (pandemic) and circumstances of the past years.

Material and Method
The study included 111 students living in Borsod-Abaúj Zemplén county with a high level of disadvantage, but studying in a secondary school in a large city, average age 16.2±1.5 years, gender ratio 37.3/62.7(%).We performed a dental screening, completed a questionnaire on lifestyle and health behaviour, and used Rosenberg Self-Assessment Scale, Shame Experience Scale.

Results
Dental status of the students is poor, with many decay and few filled teeth. They consumed energy drink, alcoholic drink (strong alcohol) in high percent, and this occurs great frequency in the family. Students exercise little outside of class, do not play sports regularly, and hardly ever see their parents playing sports. Students do little physical activity outside of school, do not play sport regularly and their parents are hardly ever seen playing sport. Their feelings of shame are minimal and their self-esteem low, many have special educational needs.

Conclusion
Together, the results can increase the separation of these social groups to an extent that is already difficult to manage even at the level of society as a whole. All of this calls for cooperation between psychopedagogues, special education teachers and health professionals.
Service Related Competences: Education Practices in the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Ismaili Diturije , Ollogu Elisabeta Bajrami , Popovska Mirjana Borota , Latkovik Marija Topuzovska 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper presents research on service related competences in Republic of North Macedonia. This research was conducted as part of Erasmus+ CBHE project entitled” Enhancing and validating service related competences in versatile learning environments in Western Balkan universities (e-Viva)”. Innovations and development of new technologies including automation of manufacturing processes cause paradigm shift in business models in manufacturing sector while service sector emerges as potential for economic growth by absorbing more labour and offering diverse services. Thus, development of service related competences is an important issue for overall development of service sector. Assessment of service related competences in South East Europe aimed at the identification, analysis and description of current education programmes and practices relating to service orientation with focus on the interface between formal and informal learning in the higher education sector and possible connections to validation practices in relation to EQF, NQFs and the related instruments (ECTS, ECVET and EUROPASS).

Method: Results of desk research, online questionnaire results and results of interviews with stakeholders (one-to-one or focus group) as well as interpretation of needs analysis in North Macedonia are elaborated and presented in this paper.
The results of this project and research show that significant attention is devoted to development of competences in service sector in North Macedonia. The findings indicate that respondents/parties are aware about the positive aspects of the “Service Related Competences”, especially regarding the professional, career development, and employment prospects. There is a need of online courses where basic theoretical concepts should be presented, and then, in combination with practical learning, the same should be exercised and learned how to be used in practice.
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Nutrition Education Applied to Preschool Children
Authors: Sönmez Sibel , Kolaşınlı Işıl Betül , Topcan Yasemin , Paylaş Müge 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the 12-week nutrition education given to pre-school children during the "Let's move fun and eat healthy" project which was supported to the Pınar Institute. In order to determine the effectiveness of the nutrition activities, interview form consisting of 9 questions was developed by the researchers. 33 children were interviewed from 19 pre-school education institutions affiliated to İzmir Provincial Directorate of National Education where the project was implemented. Data were analyzed by the researchers and answers categorized. When asked children “what is the nutrition for you” children gave 35 different answers and they categorized three subjects. Children have defined nutrition as eating something, names of meals or as a name of food like apple, orange or yogurt. When we asked children for their most favorite meals they said that it is the carbohydrates. Only nine children define feeding plate truly. Most of them define it as a circle. Also only one children know the nutrition pyramid before the education. As a result of the study, we can said that 12 week nutrition education is affected children knowledge of healthy nutrition. Also teaching healthy nutrition basics in early age is important for promoting of health.