bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of scanning orientation and lateral response artifact for EBT4 Gafchromic film
Authors: Miura Hideharu , Ozawa Shuichi , Okazue Toshiya , Enosaki Tsubasa , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of scanning orientation and lateral response artifact (LRA) effects on the dose‐response of EBT4 films and compare it with that of EBT3 films. Dose‐response curves for EBT3 and EBT4 films in red‐green‐blue (RGB) color channels in portrait orientation were created for unexposed films and for films exposed to doses ranging from 0 to 1 000 cGy. Portrait and landscape orientations of the EBT3 and EBT4 films were scanned to investigate the scanning orientation effect in the red channel. EBT3 and EBT4 films were irradiated to assess the LRA in the red channel using a field size of 15 × 15 cm2 and delivered doses of 200, 400, and 600 cGy. Films were scanned at the edge of the scanner bed, and the measured doses were compared with the treatment planning system (TPS) calculated doses at a position 100 mm lateral to the scanner center. At a dose of 200 cGy, the differences in optical density (OD) in the red, green, and blue color channels between EBT3 and EBT4 films were 0.035 (24.8%), 0.042 (49.7%), and 0.022 (64.4%), respectively. The EBT4 film slightly improved the scanning orientation compared to the EBT3 film. The OD difference in the different scanning orientations for the EBT3 and EBT4 films was 0.015 (6.8%) and 0.007 (3.9%), respectively, at a dose of 200 cGy. This is equivalent to a 20 or 10 cGy variation at a dose of 200 cGy. Compared with the TPS calculation, the measurement doses for EBT3 and EBT4 films irradiated at 200 cGy were approximately 16% and 13% higher, respectively, at the 100 mm off‐centered position. The EBT4 film showed an improvement concerning the impact of LRA compared with the EBT3 film. This study demonstrated that the response of EBT4 film to a dose in the blue channel was less sensitive and showed an improvement in the scanning orientation and LRA effects.
Sensitivity and specificity of Varian Halcyon's portal dosimetry for plan‐specific pre‐treatment QA
Authors: Razinskas Gary , Schindhelm Robert , Sauer Otto A. , Wegener Sonja 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeDeveloped as a plan‐specific pre‐treatment QA tool, Varian portal dosimetry promises a fast, high‐resolution, and integrated QA solution. In this study, the agreement between predicted fluence and measured cumulative portal dose was determined for the first 140 patient plans at our Halcyon linear accelerator. Furthermore, the capability of portal dosimetry to detect incorrect plan delivery was compared to that of a common QA phantom. Finally, tolerance criteria for verification of VMAT plan delivery with Varian portal dosimetry were derived.MethodsAll patient plans and the corresponding verification plans were generated within the Eclipse treatment planning system. Four representative plans of different treatment sites (prostate, prostate with lymphatic drainage, rectum, and head & neck) were intentionally altered to model incorrect plan delivery. Investigated errors included both systematic and random errors. Gamma analysis was conducted on both portal dose (criteria γ2%/2 mm, γ2%/1 mm, and γ1%/1 mm) and ArcCHECK measurements (criteria γ3%/3 mm, γ3%/2 mm, and γ2%/2 mm) with a 10% low‐dose threshold. Performance assessment of various acceptance criteria for plan‐specific treatment QA utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsPredicted and acquired portal dosimetry fluences demonstrated a high agreement evident by average gamma passing rates for the clinical patient plans of 99.90%, 96.64%, and 91.87% for γ2%/2 mm, γ2%/1 mm, and γ1%/1 mm, respectively. The ROC analysis demonstrated a very high capability of detecting erroneous plan delivery for portal dosimetry (area under curve (AUC) > 0.98) and in this regard outperforms QA with the ArcCHECK phantom (AUC ≈ 0.82). With the suggested optimum decision thresholds excellent sensitivity and specificity is simultaneously possible.ConclusionsOwing to the high achievable spatial resolution, portal dosimetry at the Halcyon can reliably be deployed as plan‐specific pre‐treatment QA tool to screen for errors. It is recommended to support the fluence integrated portal dosimetry QA by independent phantom‐based measurements of a random sample survey of treatment plans.
Dynamic Supramolecular Polymer Electrolyte to Boost Ion Transport Kinetics and Interfacial Stability for Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Zhao Long , Du Yunfei , Zhao Erqing , Li Changgong , Sun Zixu , Li Yutao , Li Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe key hurdle to the practical application of polymeric electrolytes in high‐energy‐density solid lithium‐metal batteries is the sluggish Li+ mobility and inferior electrode/electrolyte interfacial stability. Herein, a dynamic supramolecular polymer electrolyte (SH‐SPE) with loosely coordinating structure is synthesized based on poly(hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate‐co‐N‐methylmethacrylamide) (PHFNMA) and single‐ion lithiated polyvinyl formal. The weak anti‐cooperative H‐bonds between the two polymers endow SH‐SPE with a self‐healing ability and improved toughness. Meanwhile, the good flexibility and widened energy gap of PHFNMA enable SH‐SPE with efficient ion transport and superior interfacial stability in high‐voltage battery systems. As a result, the as‐prepared SH‐SPE exhibits an ionic conductivity of 2.30 × 10−4 S cm−1, lithium‐ion transference number of 0.74, electrochemical stability window beyond 4.8 V, and tensile strength up to 11.9 MPa as well as excellent adaptability with volume change of the electrodes. In addition, no major electrolyte decomposition inside batteries made from SH‐SPE and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode can be observed in the in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry test. This study provides a new methodology for the macromolecular design of polymer electrolytes to address the interfacial issues in high‐voltage solid batteries.
Toward Forty Thousand‐Cycle Aqueous Zinc‐Iodine Battery: Simultaneously Inhibiting Polyiodides Shuttle and Stabilizing Zinc Anode through a Suspension Electrolyte
Authors: Chen Guanhong , Kang Yuanhong , Yang Huiya , Zhang Minghao , Yang Jin , Lv Zeheng , Wu Qilong , Lin Pengxiang , Yang Yang , Zhao Jinbao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐iodine (Zn‐I2) batteries are promising candidates for grid‐scale energy storage due to their safety and cost‐effectiveness. However, the shuttle effect of polyiodides, Zn corrosion, and accumulation of by‐products restrict their applications. Herein, a simple vermiculite nanosheets (VS) suspension electrolyte is designed for simultaneous confinement of polyiodides and stabilization of Zn anode. It is found that the generation of I5− as dominant intermediate and the precipitation reaction between I5− and alkaline by‐products should cause irreversible iodine species loss. Benefiting from the high binding energy between polyiodides and silica‐oxygen bonds of VS, dissolved polyiodides are effectively anchored on the surface of VS suspended in the bulk electrolyte to suppress the shuttle effect, which is confirmed by in situ Raman, Ultraviolet‐visible characterizations and theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the self‐assembly VS interfacial layer on the surface of Zn anode hinders side reactions induced by polyiodides. Meanwhile, the interlayer and surface excess negative charges of VS tend to be compensated by Zn2+ from diffuse layer, which serves as ion accelerators for transferring Zn2+ at the interface immediately, rendering dendrite‐free Zn plating/stripping behavior. Consequently, the Zn‐I2 battery with VS electrolyte achieves an ultra‐long lifespan of 40000 cycles with a negligible capacity decay at 20 C.
Hydroxypillar[5]arene‐Confined Silver Nanocatalyst for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethanol
Authors: Qin Junjie , Wang Tao , Zhai Mingming , Wu Chengyu , Liu Yahu A. , Yang Bo , Yang Hui , Wen Ke , Hu Weibo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCO is usually the dominant product on silver‐based catalysts in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) possibly due to weak *CO adsorption. In this report, a hydroxypillar[5]arene‐extended porous polymer‐confined silver catalyst (PAF‐PA5‐Ag‐0.8) for electrochemical CO2RR which can selectively produce ethanol with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 55% at 11 mA cm−1 is described. The study reveals that the hydroxypillar[5]arene‐confined Ag clusters are the active sites for ethanol formation. Moreover, temperature‐programmed desorption measurements demonstrate an enhanced adsorption strength of CO* on PAF‐PA5‐Ag‐0.8 compared with that on commercial Ag nanoparticles, which is favored by the C‐C coupling to form ethanol. The density functional theory study indicates that the confined Ag clusters in PAF‐PA5‐Ag‐0.8 contribute to high C2 selectivity in CO2RR through facilitating *COOH formation, stabilizing *CO intermediates, and inhibiting hydrogen evolution. This work provides a new design strategy by modulating *CO adsorption strength on non‐copper electrocatalysts in converting CO2 into “green” C2 products.
Understanding Dopant–Host Interactions on Electronic Structures and Optical Properties in Ce‐Doped WS2 Monolayers
Authors: Ren Caixia , Peng Jiangbo , Chen Hu , Zhang Weili , Pan Xiaoguang , Bai Hangxin , Wang Yongzheng , Jing Fangli , Qiu Hailong , An Yukai , Hu Zhanggui , Liu Hongjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSubstitutional lanthanide doping of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is expected to be a promising strategy to engineer optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties of TMDs. Understanding the interactions between lanthanide dopants and 2D TMDs host is one of the key problems to be resolved for their profound research studies. Herein, the interactions between Ce dopants and monolayer WS2 in a physical vapor deposition grown Ce‐doped WS2 monolayer are studied by combining scanning tunneling microscopy with optical characterizations with high spatial and temporal resolution. It is found that the highly anisotropic crystal field can effectively split the energy levels of the Ce dopants’ f orbital. The electrons in the split energy levels can bind the holes in the valence band maximum of the Ce‐doped WS2, forming optical bright excitons. These excitons collide with the free A excitons when increasing the pump fluences, reducing the A exciton's lifetime. This study may be beneficial for the design and fabrication of optical, electronic, and optoelectronic devices based on lanthanide‐doped TMDs.
Freely Tailorable Yolk‐Shell Encapsulation: Versatile Applications in Ultralow‐k Dielectric, Drug Delivery Systems, and Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Zhe , He Peng , Ma Wenjun , Zuo Peiyuan , Liu Xiaoyun , Zhuang Qixin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHerein, a facile, controllable, and versatile method is reported to prepare monodisperse yolk‐shell and yolk‐multishell silica nanoparticles (NPs) with mesoporous shells by a novel selective etching strategy. The mechanism of selective etching based on fluoride‐silica chemistry is investigated in detail and thus provides a fundamentally novel principle for the fabrication of yolk‐shell NPs. Specifically, this unprecedented and versatile synthesis strategy can be used to encapsulate essentially any silica‐based, carbon‐based, metal, metal oxide, or other possible NPs. Noteworthy is that most of the yolk‐shell mesoporous silica (mSiO2) NPs are prepared for the first time. To demonstrate the major structural and compositional advantages of the designed yolk‐shell NPs, their applications in the fields of ultralow‐dielectric constant (k) materials, drug delivery systems, and catalysts were explored. In detail, the lowest k value of the prepared yolk‐shellordered mesoporous silica@mSiO2/fluorinated polybenzoxazole composite films is 2.02; The obtained yolk‐shell mSiO2/C@mSiO2/C NPs possess high hydrophilicity and pH‐responsive sensitivity; The conversion of the catalytic reaction of the designed magnetic yolk‐shell hollow Fe3O4@SiO2/Au@mSiO2 NPs at 20 min is 97% with a high conversion rate (92%) and recyclability even after 10 reuses. This innovative work lays a solid foundation for freely tailorable yolk‐shell encapsulation and will greatly stimulate more efforts devoted to relevant research and development.
Multifunctional Hyaluronic Acid Microneedle Patch Embedded by Cerium/Zinc‐Based Composites for Accelerating Diabetes Wound Healing
Authors: Yang Juan , Chu Zhaoyou , Jiang Yechun , Zheng Wang , Sun Jiangwei , Xu Lingling , Ma Yan , Wang Wanni , Shao Min , Qian Haisheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChronic nonhealing diabetic wounds are becoming increasingly severe, with high rates of mortality and disability, owing to the difficulty in wound healing caused by hyperglycemia, blocked angiogenesis, biofilm infection, and excessive oxidative stress. A multicomponent enzyme‐responsive natural polymer, a hyaluronic acid (HA) microneedle, embedded in a cerium/zinc‐based nanomaterial (ZCO) for the treatment of diabetic wounds is reported. ZCO‐HA can destroy the oxidation balance of bacteria, kill bacteria, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) to alleviate oxidative stress via the adjustable release of Zn2+ and Ce3+/4+. Additionally, ZCO‐HA exhibits good anti‐inflammatory activity through the nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) pathway, which reduces the inflammatory state of macrophages and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. In vitro experiments shows that ZCO‐HA accompanies mouse fibroblast migration, promoting human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation. In vivo studies in mice with streptozotocin‐induced (STZ)‐induced diabetes reveal that this microneedle accelerates wound healing without systemic toxicity. RNA transcriptome sequencing illustrates that the multicomponent HA microneedle accelerates wound healing in diabetes through cell migration and inhibits inflammatory reactions and oxidative damage in mice via the NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Azide‐Masked Resiquimod Activated by Hypoxia for Selective Tumor Therapy
Authors: Sun Jiali , Liu Zhilin , Yao Haochen , Zhang Honglei , Zheng Mengfei , Shen Na , Cheng Jianjun , Tang Zhaohui , Chen Xuesi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResiquimod (R848) is an immunomodulator that causes a severe systemic inflammatory reaction due to low tumor selectivity, thus hindering its use in cancer therapy. Therefore, an azide‐masked prodrug (R848‐N3) of R848 is developed, which is selectively activated to R848 in hypoxic tumors. R848‐N3 significantly reduces pro‐inflammatory cytokines in treated mice to 1/12 compared to R848 at the same dose. In addition, combretastatin A4 nanoparticles (CA4‐NPs) are used to enhance the tumor selectivity of R848‐N3 by elevating the level of tumor hypoxia. R848‐N3+CA4‐NPs has higher tumor selectivity than the intratumoral injection of R848 at 1 h after administration. The concentration of the active R848 in the tumor is 21.45‐fold that in the heart. Benefiting from the high tumor selectivity of R848‐N3, R848‐N3+CA4‐NPs+anti‐PD1 exerted 94.1% tumor suppression and 40.0% tumor cure. Therefore, this work highlights the potential of azide‐masking strategy in the development of tumor‐selective prodrugs with reduced toxicity.
A Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Activatable Molecular Pro‐Theranostic Agent for Photodynamic and Immunotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Zhou Hui , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Ruru , Zhao Min , Chen Wan , Liu Yinghua , Jiang Yue , Li Qing , Miao Qingqing , Gao Mingyuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major components of the tumor‐associated matrix and play an important role in tumor progression and immunosuppression. Therefore, precise theranostics of CAFs are beneficial for CAFs‐targeted therapies. However, imaging agents enabling precise theranostics of CAFs have been rarely exploited. To tackle this issue, a molecular pro‐theranostic probe (FMP) with activatable fluorescence, photoacoustic (PA) imaging, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is developed in response to fibroblast activation protein α (FAPα) overexpressed in >90% types of CAFs and some tumor cells. Attributed to efficient activatable phototoxicity toward CAFs and tumor cells, together with activated immunogenic cell death (ICD), complete tumor regression of primary tumors and abscopal effect of distant tumors are observed in a 4T1‐tumor‐bearing mice model. By integration with PD‐L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, enhanced systemic immune responses are evoked to obtain long‐lasting tumor suppression of both primary and distant tumors as well as arrest systemic cancer metastasis in living mice.
Synchronous Interventions of Glucose and Mitochondrial Metabolisms for Antitumor Bioenergetic Therapy
Authors: Li Meng , Luo Xiaoming , Lei Shan , Liu Yurong , Guo Huishan , Zhang Yu , Pan Yuantao , Chen Kaiwei , Lin Jing , Huang Peng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S)‐based mitochondrial bioenergetic intervention is an attractive therapeutic modality. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited owing to metabolic plasticity, which allows tumors to shift their metabolic phenotype between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis for energy compensation. To overcome this flexibility, a glycopolymer containing a caged H2S and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dual‐donor (1‐thio‐β‐D‐glucose [thioglucose]) is synthesized to wrap glucose oxidase (GOx) for complete depletion of tumorigenic energy sources. The loaded GOx catalyzes the glutathione‐activated thioglucose to generate cytotoxic H2S/H2O2, which further induces synergistic defects in mitochondrial function by suppressing cytochrome c oxidase expression and damaging the mitochondrial membrane potential. GOx also blocks glycolysis by depleting endogenous glucose. This synchronous intervention strategy exhibits good anticancer performance, broadening the horizon of antitumor bioenergetic therapy.
A Recyclable Standalone Microporous Layer with Interpenetrating Network for Sustainable Fuel Cells
Authors: Wen Qinglin , Li Yali , He Can , Shen Min , Ning Fandi , Dan Xiong , Liu Yiyang , Xu Pengpeng , Zou Siyi , Chai Zhi , Li Wei , He Lei , Tian Bin , Zhou Xiaochun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe commercialization of fuel cells inevitably brings recycling problems. Therefore, achieving high recyclability of fuel cells is particularly important for their sustainable development. In this work, a recyclable standalone microporous layer (standalone MPL) with interpenetrating network that can significantly enhance the recyclability and sustainability of fuel cells is prepared. The interpenetrating network enables the standalone MPL to have high strength (17.7 MPa), gas permeability (1.55 × 10−13 m2), and fuel‐cell performance (peak power density 1.35 W cm−2), providing the basic guarantee for its application in high‐performance and highly recyclable fuel cells. Additionally, the standalone MPL is highly adaptable to various gas‐diffusion backings (GDBs), providing high possibility to select highly recyclable GDBs. Outstandingly, anode standalone MPLs and GDBs can be easily detached from the spent membrane electrode assembly (MEA). This not only saves >90 vol% solvent in the recovery of the catalyst‐coated membrane (CCM), but also extends the service life of the GDBs and the anode standalone MPL at least 138 times (2 760 000 h assuming 20 000 h of CCM) comparing to CCM. Therefore, the standalone MPL significantly enhances the recyclability and sustainability of fuel cells and is promising to be an indispensable component in the next‐generation fuel cells.
Lest We Forget–The Importance of Heteroatom Interactions in Heterocyclic Conjugated Systems, from Synthetic Metals to Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Cameron Joseph , Kanibolotsky Alexander L. , Skabara Peter J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe field of synthetic metals is, and remains, highly influential for the development of organic semiconductor materials. Yet, with the passing of time and the rapid development of conjugated materials in recent years, the link between synthetic metals and organic semiconductors is at risk of being forgotten. This review reflects on one of the key concepts developed in synthetic metals – heteroatom interactions. The application of this strategy in recent organic semiconductor materials, small molecules and polymers, is highlighted, with analysis of X‐ray crystal structures and comparisons with model systems used to determine the influence of these non‐covalent short contacts. The case is made that the wide range of effective heteroatom interactions and the high performance that has been achieved in devices from organic solar cells to transistors is testament to the seeds sown by the synthetic metals research community.
Design of Piezoelectric Inertial Actuator with Wedge‐shaped Foot Structure for Cell Manipulation
Authors: Long Taofei , Wen Jianming , Lin Shengrong , Li Shengjie , Li Xinhui , Hu Yili 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAiming at the performance requirements of positioning accuracy and stability of piezoelectric inertial actuators in fields including micro‐operation and biomedical engineering, a piezoelectric inertial actuator with wedge‐shaped friction foot structure using bimorph films is proposed in this paper. The wedge‐shaped friction foot structure can adjust the friction force in different driving stages, which suppresses the backward motion and effectively improves the output performance of the actuator. And the bimorph films are processed by Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) manufacturing process technology. It enables the actuator to move steadily with a small tip mass and facilitates the miniaturization of actuator. The simulation model is constructed based on the dynamic model of actuator and the prototype parameters are optimized from the results of simulation tests. Then a series of output performance experiments are carried out. Experimental results show that the proposed actuator has the advantages of high resolution, stability, and displacement linearity. And the highest resolution of 0.035 µm is achieved. Depending on above results, the cell drug injection simulation experiments are successfully conducted. The success of experiments shows that the prototype has good output performance and great application potential and value in the field of cell manipulation.
Stable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence‐Sensitized Red Fluorescent Devices through Physical Suppression of Dexter Energy Transfer
Authors: Jeon Chae Yeon , Palanisamy Paramasivam , Lee Hyun Seung , Lee Hyuna , Kim Hae Ung , Chae Mi Young , Kwon Jang Hyuk 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo date, thermally activated delayed fluorescence‐sensitized fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (TSF‐OLEDs) have undergone substantial research to achieve high efficiency and good operational stability in wide color gamut regions. Usually, to achieve a highly efficient TSF device, the Förster resonance energy transfer rate (kFRET) should be enhanced, whereas the Dexter energy transfer rate (kDET) should be suppressed. Even though highly efficient devices are achieved in all RGB color regions by satisfying the BT2020 requirements, achieving long device lifetimes is still challenging. Herein, a highly stable red‐TSF device is reported by adopting a new Dexter energy transfer suppressive layer (DSL) adjacent to the main emissive layer. Here, the DSL can improve the distance between the excitons generated from the host‐TADF layer and the final dopant (FD) of the TSF device, which allows for suppressing the kDET. Furthermore, the detailed device mechanistic pathways are analyzed by varying the DSL doping concentration with different thicknesses in different positions. Among the fabricated devices, the DSL‐TSF device manifested a longer operational lifetime (LT95) over 370 h at 5000 cd m‐2 and reduced efficiency roll‐off compared with TSF devices. Such long lifetime and high stability in DSL‐TSF OLEDs are owing to the decreased kDET than TSF devices.