bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic autonomy in Turkish foreign policy in an age of multipolarity: lineages and contradictions of an idea
Authors: Aydın-Düzgit Senem , Kutlay Mustafa , Keyman E. Fuat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Strategic autonomy has become a guiding principle for several states as the international order moves toward multipolarity. Turkey has also attempted to carve out a more autonomous space from its traditional Western allies by building new ties in the non-Western world, ranging from the Russia–China axis to the Middle East and beyond. This paper explores the idea and practice of strategic autonomy in Turkish foreign policy. We argue that strategic autonomy is not pre-determined or mechanically driven by ‘hedging’ behavior. We conceptualize strategic autonomy with reference to its three fundamental dimensions: structural orientation, political motive, and economic infrastructure. In this context, we highlight two soft spots in Turkish foreign policy since 2011. First, geopolitical imperatives and domestic policy priorities often contradict each other, which prevents the country from effectively implementing autonomy-seeking policies. Second, strategic autonomy is mainly associated with ‘high politics’ without paying proper attention to its geoeconomic dimension in the form of solid political economy fundamentals and economic security.
Terahertz conductivity of two-dimensional materials: a review
Authors: Mitra Shuva , Avazpour Laleh , Knezevic Irena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials are shaping the landscape of next-generation devices, offering significant technological value thanks to their unique, tunable, and layer-dependent electronic and optoelectronic properties. Time-domain spectroscopic techniques at terahertz (THz) frequencies offer noninvasive, contact-free methods for characterizing the dynamics of carriers in 2D materials. They also pave the path toward the applications of 2D materials in detection, imaging, manufacturing, and communication within the increasingly important THz frequency range. In this paper, we overview the synthesis of 2D materials and the prominent THz spectroscopy techniques: THz time-domain spectroscopy, optical-pump THz-probe technique, and optical pump–probe THz spectroscopy. Through a confluence of experimental findings, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis, we present the current understanding of the rich ultrafast physics of technologically significant 2D materials: graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, perovskites, topological 2D materials, and 2D heterostructures. Finally, we offer a perspective on the role of THz characterization in guiding future research and in the quest for ideal 2D materials for new applications.
A comparative analysis of image harmonization techniques in mitigating differences in CT acquisition and reconstruction
Authors: Yadav Anil , Welland Spencer , Hoffman John M , Hyun J Kim Grace , Brown Matthew S , Prosper Ashley E , Aberle Denise R , McNitt-Gray Michael F , Hsu William 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. The study aims to systematically characterize the effect of CT parameter variations on images and lung radiomic and deep features, and to evaluate the ability of different image harmonization methods to mitigate the observed variations. Approach. A retrospective in-house sinogram dataset of 100 low-dose chest CT scans was reconstructed by varying radiation dose (100%, 25%, 10%) and reconstruction kernels (smooth, medium, sharp). A set of image processing, convolutional neural network (CNNs), and generative adversarial network-based (GANs) methods were trained to harmonize all image conditions to a reference condition (100% dose, medium kernel). Harmonized scans were evaluated for image similarity using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and learned perceptual image patch similarity (LPIPS), and for the reproducibility of radiomic and deep features using concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Main Results. CNNs consistently yielded higher image similarity metrics amongst others; for Sharp/10%, which exhibited the poorest visual similarity, PSNR increased from a mean ± CI of 17.763 ± 0.492 to 31.925 ± 0.571, SSIM from 0.219 ± 0.009 to 0.754 ± 0.017, and LPIPS decreased from 0.490 ± 0.005 to 0.275 ± 0.016. Texture-based radiomic features exhibited a greater degree of variability across conditions, i.e. a CCC of 0.500 ± 0.332, compared to intensity-based features (0.972 ± 0.045). GANs achieved the highest CCC (0.969 ± 0.009 for radiomic and 0.841 ± 0.070 for deep features) amongst others. CNNs are suitable if downstream applications necessitate visual interpretation of images, whereas GANs are better alternatives for generating reproducible quantitative image features needed for machine learning applications. Significance. Understanding the efficacy of harmonization in addressing multi-parameter variability is crucial for optimizing diagnostic accuracy and a critical step toward building generalizable models suitable for clinical use.
Push-down automata as sequential generators of highly entangled states
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sarang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We exploit the duality between quantum channels and sequentially generated states to construct families of highly entangled states that undergo phase transitions. These highly entangled states can be sequentially generated by collecting the emitted radiation from an open quantum system. In the dual perspective, the open system is regarded as a quantum-state-generating machine. A nontrivial class of such machines are quantum push-down automata, which can be used to create highly entangled states including the Motzkin state parametrically faster than adiabatic evolution. We construct generalizations of the Motzkin state that can be efficiently sequentially generated.
Fractal dimension and the counting rule of the Goldstone modes
Authors: Shi Qian-Qian , Dai Yan-Wei , Zhou Huan-Qiang , McCulloch Ian P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It is argued that there are a set of orthonormal basis states, which appear as highly degenerate ground states arising from spontaneous symmetry breaking with a type-B Goldstone mode, and they are scale-invariant, with a salient feature that the entanglement entropy S(n) scales logarithmically with the block size n in the thermodynamic limit. As it turns out, the prefactor is half the number of type-B Goldstone modes

N
B

. This is achieved by performing an exact Schmidt decomposition of the orthonormal basis states, thus unveiling their self-similarities in the real space—the essence of a fractal. Combining with a field-theoretic prediction (Castro-Alvaredo and Doyon 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett.
108 120401), we are led to the identification of the fractal dimension

d
f

with the number of type-B Goldstone modes

N
B

for the orthonormal basis states in quantum many-body systems undergoing spontaneous symmetry breaking.
Validation of Diagnosis Codes for Low Birth Weight and Small-for-Gestational Age in the Medicaid Analytic Extract Database
Authors: Wang Xi , Wang Yehua , Zhu Yanmin , Montoya-Williams Diana , Brown Joshua , Goodin Amie J , Zimmerman Ellen , Winterstein Almut G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background:
The accuracy of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) in administrative healthcare records is crucial for perinatal studies but has few validity studies.
Methods:
Using 1999–2010 MAX linked to birth certificates (BC), we identified mother-infant dyads (≥30 days enrollment after delivery, with valid gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW)). LBW and SGA were identified based on ICD-9-CM codes. Infants with BW &lt;10% of the U.S. reference were flagged as SGA. For LBW group diagnoses, we imputed birthweight using median, mean BW from BCs, and ICD code boundaries of infants in the same LBW group. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values to assess performance.
Results:
We identified 1,536,272 live births. All LBW groups had low SEs, high SPs, and NPVs, whereas PPVs varied. Among infants with SGA diagnoses based on GA/BW from the BC, SE of the SGA codes was 13.36%; SP 99.01%; PPV 67.37%. Combining imputation with LBW codes increased SE up to 22.09% (lower boundary) but decreased PPV to 41.53% (lower boundary).
Conclusions:
ICD-9-CM codes from administrative healthcare records had low SE but high SP. Imputation based on GA and BW did not add much value to SGA identification.
Population Attributable Fraction of Non-Vaccination and Under-Vaccination of COVID-19 Due to Vaccine Hesitancy, 2022
Authors: Nguyen Kimberly H , Chung E Lisa , Bednarczyk Robert A , Vasudevan Lavanya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Non-vaccination and under-vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine may be attributed to multifaceted barriers including hesitancy and access issues. Using data from the CDC’s Research and Development Survey, a nationally representative survey fielded from November 3, 2022 - December 12, 2022 (n=6,821), we examined the adjusted population attribution fraction (PAF) of COVID-19 non-vaccination and under-vaccination attributed to vaccine hesitancy by sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, the adjusted PAF of non-vaccination attributed to vaccine hesitancy was 84.8%, and the adjusted PAF of under-vaccination attributed to vaccine hesitancy decreased with increasing COVID-19 vaccine doses (76.0%, 41.0%, and 16.9% for ≥2, ≥3, and ≥4 doses, respectively). The proportion of adults who considered the social benefit of the vaccine, risk of contracting COVID-19, and information received from a medical provider increased with greater number of COVID-19 vaccine doses received. In contrast, the proportion of adults who were concerned about long-term impacts, speed of vaccine development and personal risk of getting vaccinated decreased with greater number of COVID-19 vaccine doses received. Understanding the PAF estimates from the acute phase of the pandemic serves as an important comparison for post-pandemic vaccination estimates, and is needed for messaging as COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths resurge in the fall of 2024.
From algorithms to awards: exploring the technological and legal boundaries of AI’s contributions to the work of arbitrators
Authors: Stefer Dominik , Fricke Victoria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this article, we describe how arbitrators can use artificial intelligence (AI) during commercial arbitration proceedings today. In particular, we analyse whether tribunals can make use of AI for the purposes of selecting the presiding arbitrator, assisting with case management, analysing written evidence, managing oral hearings, and facilitating the tribunal’s deliberations, as well as for making settlement proposals, for legal decision-making and for drafting the final award. For each area of use, we give examples of how AI can assist arbitrators in their tasks, describe the current legal framework and flag both technological and legal risks that come with the use of AI. We conclude by providing arbitrators with a summary that categorizes the use of AI into green, orange, and red lists.
Understanding the environmental and social risks from the international trade in ornamental plants
Authors: Hinsley Amy , Hughes Alice C , van Valkenburg Johan , Stark Tariq , van Delft Jeroen , Sutherland William , Petrovan Silviu O 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The multibillion dollar ornamental plant trade benefits economies worldwide, but shifting and rapidly expanding globalized supply chains have exacerbated complex environmental, sustainability, and biosecurity risks. We review the environmental and social risks of this international trade, complementing it with analyses of illegal trade seizures and plant contaminant interception data from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. We show global increases in ornamental plant trade, with supply expansions in East Africa and South America, and highlight risks and impacts including biodiversity loss, aquifer depletion, pollution, undermined access and benefit sharing, and food security. Despite risk mitigation efforts, the interception data showed considerable volumes of contaminants in ornamental plant shipments, but taxonomic identification was not always possible, highlighting uncertainties in assessing biosecurity risks. With high-volume and fast-moving transit of ornamental plants around the world, it is essential that production standards are improved and that data on specific risks from trade are collected and shared to allow for mitigation.
Safety and efficiency of trainees performing bilateral internal thoracic artery coronary bypass grafting using the T-graft technique
Authors: Kletzer Joseph , Fagu Albi , Eschenhagen Matthias , Micek Laurin , Siepe Matthias , Czerny Martin , Kreibich Maximilian , Berger Tim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess safety and efficiency of multiarterial coronary bypass grafting using bilateral internal thoracic arteries in T-graft technique performed by trainees.

METHODS
Patients from January 2005 to February 2023 who had undergone multiarterial coronary bypass grafting using bilateral internal thoracic arteries in T-graft technique were analysed. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the primary surgeon: consultant and trainees. The primary composite outcome measure was all-cause mortality and coronary reintervention after 5 years. Safety and efficiency were assessed using cumulative sum analysis.

RESULTS
A total of 1764 patients were identified, 1114 patients (63.2%) were operated on by consultants, 650 patients (37.8%) by trainees. Mortality rates did not differ (0.8% vs 1.0%, P = 0.4). Consultants performed more distal anastomoses [3.38 (0.96) vs 3.06 (0.76); P &lt; 0.001] and achieved more complete revascularization [n = 895 (92%)] than trainees [n = 460 (80%); P &lt; 0.001]. In the cumulative sum analysis, safety of teaching procedures remains within the acceptable range. There was no increase in the expectation/frequency of the composite outcome measure; instead, the expected frequency decreases up to 150 operations. Duration of the operation averages decrease until the 125th operation. Performed distal anastomoses increased with the rising number of operations.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrates that training operations multiarterial coronary bypass grafting using bilateral internal thoracic arteries in T-graft technique are equally safe regardless of whether they are performed by consultants or trainees. Each trainee experiences an individual learning curve that falls within acceptable error rates and, therefore, the procedure can be safely learned directly
Effects of cheliped autotomy on female reproductive performance in the porcellanid crab Petrolisthes japonicus (De Haan, 1849) (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Hamasaki Katsuyuki , Su Zhe , Dan Shigeki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Limb autotomy is a common phenomenon among decapod crustaceans, with chelipeds being the appendages most frequently lost. The loss of chelipeds can reduce mating success in males, as they play a crucial role in mate competition. Little is known, however, about the effects of cheliped autotomy on the reproductive performance of female decapods. This laboratory study investigated the number of spawns, as well as the number and body size of newly hatched larvae, in females subjected to different cheliped autotomy conditions in the porcellanid crab Petrolisthes japonicus (De Haan, 1849). Porcellanids are primarily suspension feeders that use their maxillipeds; thus, the effects of cheliped loss can be evaluated in terms of energy expenditure related solely to the regeneration of lost appendages. Females were reared throughout the breeding season under three different autotomy conditions: both chelipeds intact (control), one cheliped autotomized (OCA), and both chelipeds autotomized (BCA). Females produced eggs and molted in all the groups. The incidence of molting prior to the first spawning differed between the groups, with females in the BCA group molting rather than spawning following the autotomy treatment. Larval body size was unaffected by the autotomy condition, whereas both the number of spawns and the number of larvae were significantly reduced in the BCA group compared to the control group. These findings underscore the negative impact of cheliped autotomy on reproductive performance and demonstrate the trade-off between energy allocation for reproduction and molting (i.e., regeneration) in P. japonicus females, depending on the number of chelipeds lost.
Design of a Comprehensive Test Bench for Acoustic Logging Tool Based on FPGA
Authors: Qin Zhenyu , Lu Junqiang , Men Baiyong , Che Xiaohua 
Published: January 2025

Summary
In the current stage, acoustic logging tool test benches are almost specifically designed for individual logging tools. In order to improve the universality, scalability, and inheritability of the acoustic logging tool testing bench, this paper designs a comprehensive test bench for acoustic logging tools based on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). It breaks through the traditional architecture of the acoustic logging tool testing bench and is developed based on an embedded bench, with FPGA as the control core and the business communication core. Multiple interface modules are developed, including Ethernet, Secure Digital Input and Output (SDIO) interface, and RapidIO interface. The Ethernet interface is mainly used to connect with PC software for command transmission and data uploading, the SDIO interface is mainly used for downhole data storage, and the RapidIO interface is mainly used for high-speed acoustic imaging logging. Experimental results show that the transmission speed of the comprehensive testing bench is up to 1.25 Gbps and the bit error rate as low as 10−4. The pressure testing effect is good. The results indicate that the comprehensive testing platform meets the debugging requirements of the acoustic logging tool, saves costs, and achieves high-speed and stable data transmission.
Laparoscopic surgery for synchronous double colorectal cancer with obstruction, plus small B cell lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Tian Shunhua , Wu Feng , Yang Fan , Min Guilin , Chen Hongliu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Synchronous colorectal cancer is a rare disease. It remains challenging for diagnosis and treatment. This paper reports a case of a 75-year-old Chinese male patient presenting with intestinal obstruction, alongside primary thrombocytopenia and a diagnosis of small B-cell lymphoma. Computed tomography scans revealed space-occupying lesions in both the sigmoid colon and ascending colon. The patient initially underwent a transverse colostomy procedure to alleviate the intestinal obstruction and then underwent laparoscopic radical tumor resection. The patient exhibited favorable prognosis and maintained satisfactory bowel function at the nearly 8 months’ postoperative follow-up. Multiple colonoscopies are crucial in the management of synchronous colorectal cancer, and radical surgical resection remains the sole curative option when surgical intervention is deemed tolerable. A thorough preoperative examination and evaluation are crucial for successful surgery. The selection of surgical procedures for synchronous colorectal cancer should be based on the patient’s medical condition.
Examination of Gallbladders at Military Treatment Facilities: Is Histologic Analysis Necessary?
Authors: Berman Andrew J , Schandler Gregory T , Walton Douglas B 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Gallbladder specimens from cholecystectomy procedures are a common specimen evaluated by military pathologists. These are often removed for inflammatory causes. Previous studies show that the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is around 3%. Incidentally identified GBC is even less common at 0.36%. Incidentally found GBCs are of little clinical consequence as most are treated by cholecystectomy alone. We hypothesize that a selective approach to histologic evaluation of gallbladders could save time for pathologists to focus on more complex cancer cases and save money for the Defense Health Agency. We propose that for patients under 50 years of age with no clinical or macroscopic concern for neoplasia, histologic evaluation may be omitted with negligible risk of missing a clinically relevant diagnosis.

Materials and Methods
This protocol was determined to be institutional review board exempt. All pathology reports from cholecystectomies from January 1, 1998, to August 11, 2023 were pulled. Key data from these reports were extracted. These data include age, gender, and if there was a clinical or macroscopic concern for neoplasia, macroscopic findings, and histologic findings. Additionally, the patient’s active duty status was pulled from Military Health Systems Genesis and the Joint Longitudinal Viewer and included for demographic data.

Results
Of 9,774 cases pulled, 2,063 of these reports underwent data extraction. In total, 63 cases were excluded, and 2,000 cases were sent to the 59th Medical Wing biostatistics department for analysis. In this dataset, there were 8 instances of malignancy, 5 of which were GBC (1 of these 5 arose from an intracholecystic papillary neoplasm), 2 of which were metastatic disease, and 1 a neuroendocrine tumor. The incidence of GBC in our dataset is 0.20%, lower than that of other studies. The sensitivity of a clinical/macroscopic concern to identify malignancy in a patient aged under 50 years is 66.67%. In the 187 cases from the active duty population, there were zero instances of dysplasia or malignancy.

Conclusions
The sensitivity of a clinical/macroscopic concern for neoplasia in a patient aged under 50 years is low, identifying only 2 of 3 malignancies in our dataset. However, the case that would have been missed under our proposed guidelines was from metastatic disease of a previously known metastatic malignancy. We consider that if a selective histologic evaluation is established, a history of malignancy should be a qualifier for evaluation regardless of any other factors. A selective approach to histologic evaluation of gallbladders could save our institution $4,716 to $5,240 annually. Additional studies, incorporating prior malignancy as a qualifier, are warranted to further evaluate the potential for harm in patients aged under 50 years and a number needed to harm should be established prior to any changes in practice.