bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unknown adverse drug reactions from spontaneous reports in a hospital setting: characterization, follow-up, and contribution to the pharmacovigilance system
Authors: Filippi-Arriaga Francesca , Aguilera Cristina , Guillén Elena , Bellas Lucía , Pérez Eulàlia , Vendrell Lourdes , Agustí Antònia , Cereza Gloria 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Post-marketing identification and report of unknown adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are crucial for patient safety. However, complete information on unknown ADRs seldom is available at the time of spontaneous ADR reports and this can hamper their contribution to the pharmacovigilance system.Methods: In order to characterize the seriousness and outcome of unknown ADRs at the time of report and at follow-up, and analyze their contribution to generate pharmacovigilance regulatory actions, a retrospective observational study of those identified in the spontaneous ADR reports of patients assisted at a hospital (January, 2016-December, 2021) was carried out. Information on demographic, clinical and complementary tests was retrieved from patients’ hospital medical records. To evaluate the contribution to pharmacovigilance system we reviewed the European Union SmPCs, the list of the pharmacovigilance signals discussed by the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee, and its recommendations reports on safety signals.Results: A total of 15.2% of the spontaneous reported cases during the study contained at least one unknown drug-ADR pair. After exclusions, 295 unknown drug-ADR pairs were included, within them the most frequently affected organs or systems were: skin and subcutaneous tissue (34, 11.5%), hepatobiliary disorders (28, 9.5%), cardiac disorders (28, 9.5%) and central nervous system disorders (27, 9.2%). The most frequent ADRs were pemphigus (7, 2.4%), and cytolytic hepatitis, sudden death, cutaneous vasculitis and fetal growth restriction with 6 (2%) each. Vaccines such as covid-19 and pneumococcus (68, 21.3%), antineoplastics such as paclitaxel, trastuzumab and vincristine (39, 12.2%) and immunosuppressants such as methotrexate and tocilizumab (35, 11%) were the most frequent drug subgroups involved. Sudden death due to hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination (4, 1.4%) and hypertransaminasemia by vincristine (n = 3, 1%) were the most frequent unknown drug-ADR pairs. A total of 269 (91.2%) of them were serious. Complementary tests were performed in 82.7% of unknown-ADR pairs and helped to reinforce their association in 18.3% of them. A total of 18 (6.1%) unknown drug-ADR pairs were evaluated by the EMA, in 8 (2.7%) the information was added to the drug’s SmPC and in 1 case the risk prevention material was updated.Conclusion: Identification and follow-up of unknown ADRs can be of great relevance for patient safety and for the enrichment of the pharmacovigilance system.
Evaluation of chronic drug-induced electrophysiological and cytotoxic effects using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs)
Authors: Altrocchi C. , Van Ammel K. , Steemans M. , Kreir M. , Tekle F. , Teisman A. , Gallacher D. J. , Lu H. R. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Cardiotoxicity is one of the leading causes of compound attrition during drug development. Most in vitro screening platforms aim at detecting acute cardio-electrophysiological changes and drug-induced chronic functional alterations are often not studied in the early stage of drug development. Therefore, we developed an assay using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) that evaluates both drug-induced acute and delayed electrophysiological and cytotoxic effects of reference compounds with clinically known cardiac outcomes.Methods: hiPSC-CMs were seeded in 48-well multielectrode array (MEA) plates and were treated with four doses of reference compounds (covering and exceeding clinical free plasma peak concentrations -fCmax values) and MEA recordings were conducted for 4 days. Functional-electrophysiological (field-potentials) and viability (impedance) parameters were recorded with a MEA machine.Results: To assess this platform, we tested tyrosine-kinase inhibitors with high-cardiac risk profile (sunitinib, vandetanib and nilotinib) and low-cardiac risk (erlotinib), as well as known classic cardiac toxic drugs (doxorubicin and BMS-986094), ion-channel trafficking inhibitors (pentamidine, probucol and arsenic trioxide) and compounds without known clinical cardiotoxicity (amoxicillin, cetirizine, captopril and aspirin). By evaluating the effects of these compounds on MEA parameters, the assay was mostly able to recapitulate different drug-induced cardiotoxicities, represented by a prolongation of the field potential, changes in beating rate and presence of arrhythmic events in acute (&lt;2 h) or delayed phase ≥24 h, and/or reduction of impedance during the delayed phase (≥24 h). Furthermore, a few reference compounds were tested in hiPSC-CMs using fluorescence- and luminescence-based plate reader assays, confirming the presence or absence of cytotoxic effects, linked to changes of the impedance parameters measured in the MEA assay. Of note, some cardiotoxic effects could not be identified at acute time points (&lt;2 h) but were clearly detected after 24 h, reinforcing the importance of chronic drug evaluation.Discussion: In conclusion, the evaluation of chronic drug-induced cardiotoxicity using a hiPSC-CMs in vitro assay can contribute to the early de-risking of compounds and help optimize the drug development process.
Elucidation of flavanones, phenols and antioxidant capacity influenced by drying methods from physiologically dropped underutilized Citrus grandis fruits
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Ladaniya M. S. , Gurjar Manju , Mendke Sachin , Kumar Sunil , Ghosh Dilip 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionNutritional content in citrus fruit is enormous. Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck is underutilised citrus crop that receives little attention due to the lack of knowledge regarding its nutritional value. Citrus waste disposal poses a problem due to economic and environmental factors.MethodsThe metabolites flavonoids, phenols and antioxidant capacity in the dropped fruits of the underutilised citrus species pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) were examined.Results and discussionHesperidin varied from 1.22 to 2.83% and 1.08 to 1.16% from 10 mm to 14 mm whereas naringin dominates in fruits measuring 10 mm and 12mm with 60.61%, 60.77%, and 47.76%, 45.87% in freeze dried (FD) and hot air oven dried (HAOD) samples. According to the results of the antioxidant assays, the highest concentrations of ABTS azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) were found in freeze dried samples, ranging from 9.679 to 10.416 mmol L-1 Trolox and 14.825 to 16.432 mmol L-1 Trolox, respectively. However, the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay revealed higher content in samples of both FD and HAOD that were 10mm in size (4.578 mmol L-1 Trolox and 3.730 mmol L-1 Trolox). Total phenol content was measured, and the highest concentrations were found in fruits with a diameter between 10 mm and 18 mm. It ranged from 48.479 to 54.498 mg GAE L-1 in FD samples and from 45.757 to 51.159 mg GAE L-1 in HAOD samples. The smallest fruits, or those that were still in the immature stage, had the highest content. It was found that when the immature dropped fruits were dried by HAOD, the content decreased. At p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05, there was a significant positive correlation between the flavonoids, antioxidants, and total phenols. The results showed that the immature dropped immature fruits of lesser known underutilised citrus sp. Citrus grandis can act as potential source of flavonoids, total phenol concentration, and antioxidant potential. Freeze drying can be recommended to recover the most bioactive substances from physiologically dropped fruits of Citrus grandis for use in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sectors. This study will help in reducing the environmental impact caused due to citrus dropped fruits and its responsible management.
The effectiveness of the National Veterans Summer Sports Clinic for veterans with probable posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Walter Kristen H. , Otis Nicholas P. , Hose Michal Kalli , Ober Kathleen M. , Glassman Lisa H. 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionRecreational and adaptive sports programs may be beneficial therapeutic interventions for improving psychological outcomes among veterans and service members with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because they provide opportunities for exercise, socialization, respite, and time outdoors. Although there are an increasing number of sports programs for veterans and service members with PTSD, data evaluating the outcomes of such programs are limited.Materials and methodsThe sample included 74 U.S. veterans who participated in the National Veterans Summer Sports Clinic (NVSSC), an annual, week-long adaptive sports program in San Diego, California. Participants were categorized into two subgroups: those who met criteria for probable PTSD using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (n = 20) and those who did not (n = 54). Participants completed self-report assessments before and after each daily activity, before and after the program, and 3 months following program completion.ResultsOver the course of NVSSC program participation, the diagnostic subgroups (probable PTSD vs. no PTSD) did not significantly differ on changes in depression, positive affect, negative affect, or insomnia. Compared to those without PTSD, veterans with PTSD experienced greater reduction in generalized anxiety during the program (MD = −3.07, p = 0.034). Veterans with PTSD also experienced significant improvements in PTSD symptoms at postprogram (MD = −23.76, p &lt; 0.001). For both groups, significant benefits were shown during the program but rebounded by the 3-month follow-up. Over the course of each daily activity, positive affect (MD = 2.71, p &lt; 0.001) and depression/anxiety scores significantly decreased (MD = −0.75, p &lt; 0.001), with no differences between PTSD diagnostic groups across time (ps = 0.714 and 0.961, respectively).ConclusionVeterans with and without PTSD benefited from participation in the NVSSC. Participants with probable PTSD experienced greater improvements in generalized anxiety at postprogram only; there were no other significant differences between the two groups at postprogram or at 3-month follow-up. In line with prior research, benefits for those with PTSD were lost by 3-month follow-up, suggesting that regular engagement in recreational and adaptive sports may be necessary to sustain psychological health improvements.
Un diplomático en la guerra: las percepciones de Augusto de Vasconcelos en las legaciones portuguesas de Madrid y Londres y en la Conferencia de Paz, entre la neutralidad y la participación portuguesa en el conflicto (1914-1920)
Authors: Carvalho Soraia Milene 
Published: July 2023

A presente análise centra-se nas leituras do ex-Ministro Plenipotenciário português, Augusto de Vasconcelos – Ministro português que se voltou para o republicanismo no final do século XIX, tornando-se posteriormente um forte apoiante da Liga das Nações, lutando pela Organização até ao seu fim na cena internacional no pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial -, e que nas Legações de Portugal em Madrid e Londres observou e teceu considerações sobre a participação do país no conflito nas diferentes ocasiões do seu aparecimento: na cena bélica desde 1916 e no momento anterior que dividia Portugal entre a neutralidade e a necessidade de assegurar a presença da República na Grande Guerra como oportunidade de participar nas negociações que se seguiriam na Conferência de Paz, ideia que não escapou às percepções de o Ministro.
Assim, com o objetivo de apresentar a noção de guerra do ponto de vista diplomático, pelos bastidores do conflito, destacamos o pensamento e a ação de uma das faces da diplomacia internacional do século XX: por meio da troca de correspondência. Entre legações e consulados, Portugal em Madrid, através de Augusto de Vasconcelos, configurou a sua presença na guerra com características de aproximação a Espanha, entendendo o conflito na linha dos portugueses, como um momento relevante para estreitar os laços multilaterais com vista ao para a conjuntura posterior, onde a América Latina, em sua opinião, teria um papel central.
La funcionalidad de los elementos del arte folklórico y la mitificación del poder socio-cultural del indio en la narrativa de José María Arguedas
Authors: Príncipe Cotillo Guillermo 
Published: July 2023

El objetivo del estudio consistió en analizar la función del arte folclórico -la música, el canto, la danza e instrumentos musicales- y el poder socio-cultural del indio en la producción narrativa de José María Arguedas. El enfoque -dentro del argot de tipificación de investigación que se viene utilizando- correspondió al análisis cualitativo de las fuentes de información. Para su desarrollo se utilizó los prepuestos teóricos de la metodológica hermenéutica literaria (Galván, l. 2008: 11), en sus niveles de análisis, interpretación y explicación crítica. Como resultado, se ha comprobado que la realidad andina es un contesto heterogéneo y contradictorio, personalizada por una alarmante desigualdad social entre dos fuerzas manifiestamente opuestas: la del patrón y la resistencia legendaria del indio. Los dos conviven en el mismo escenario, pero, marcados por una relación social antagónica: el patrón como dominante y el indio como dominado o subyugado. Frente a esta situación el indio posee como contrapartida una fortaleza tanto o más poderosa que la del patrón: su ancestral y milenaria cultura artística, encarnada en la práctica apasionada de la música, el canto, la danza, los instrumentos musicales, así como de sus ejecutantes que, impregnados de las fuerzas míticas de la naturaleza -los cerros, las lagunas, los ríos, las aves, el cosmos u objetos simples, como el zumbayllu- se asocian metafóricamente en el poder, también mítico del indio, como para imponerse al patrón.
Siendo así, la función de la música o arte folklórico es pues rescatar, prospectivamente, el poder “escondido”, mítico que posee el indio no solo como para imponerse al patrón sino también acaso apostar por la ruptura de la barrera diferenciadora que los separa.
تحضير وتشخيص ليكاندين من قواعد شف (مشتقة من 6-برومو-2-امينوبنزوثايازول) ومعقداتها مع ايونات المنغنيز والكوبلت والنيكل والنحاس الثنائية التكافؤ
Authors: مظهر يونس محمد  , صالح عبد الله احمد  , ضامر اسماعيل مدب  
Published: July 2023

يتضمن البحث تحضير وتشخيص عدد من معقدات جديدة للمنغنيز (ll) والكوبلت (ll) والنيكل (ll) والنحاس (ll) مع ليكندات من نوع قواعد شف والتي تم الحصول عليها من خلال تكاثف (6-برومو-2-امينوبنزوثايازول) مع 4-هيدروكسي بنزلديهايد و4-ن-ثنائي مثيل بنزلديهايد للحصول على الليكاندين (L1 و L2 ) ومن ثم تم مفاعلتهما مع الفلزات الثنائية التكافؤ المذكورين اعلاه في مذيب الايثانول والاسيتون وكانت نسبة (الليكاند:فلز) (1:2) للحصول على المعقدات التي لها الصيغة [ ML2Cl2] ( ويمثل L=L1,L2) وقد شخصا الليكاندين المحضرين ومعقداتها بواسطة تحليل العناصر (C.H.N) واطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراءوالحساسية المغناطيسية والاطياف الالكترونية ومطيافية الرنين النووي المغناطيسي كما درست التوصيلية المولارية لهذه المعقدات. ومن خلال نتائج البحث تبين ان الليكاندين تسلكا سلوك كليكاندين ثنائية السن وترتبطان مع جميع الايونات الفلزية عن طريق ذرة النيتروجين الموجودة في حلقة الثايازول وكذلك عن طريق نتروجين مجموعة الايزوميثين. واقترح الشكل الثماني السطوح لجميع المعقدات الفلزية بالاعتماد على نتائج التحاليل التي تم الحصول عليها
الانتقائية في الخزف (الخزف الألماني أنموذجا)
Authors: أ.م.د. زينب كاظم صالح البياتي  , زينب صالح عباس البيرماني  
Published: July 2023

الملخص :
اتخذت دراستنا في هذا المجال أبعادا فكرية وتاريخية وفنية، لاسيما وإنها تحددت بدراسة الاعمال الخاصة لفن الخزف ضمن الحدود الزمانية (1700-1900)م في المانيا ، حيث دراسة الضواغط الفكرية والأسلوبية في الخزف الالماني، ذلك لعد الطابع الحضاري للمرحلة التاريخية لتلك الفترة لها من الاهمية الخاصة من خلال التلاقح المتداخل للفكروالناجم عن مزج لحضارات عديدة، كالحضارة الصينية واليابانية والإغريقية والرومانية، ومعتقدات وأفكار الاقوام الاسيوية الموجودة في المنطقة آنذاك. مما تطلب ذلك البحث عن معرفة الجذور التاريخية الضاغطة والتي تفصح عن انتمائية خاصة لتلك الحضارات. لاسيما وان دراسة هذه الاعمال الخزفية تحيلنا مرجعيا لابرز المراكز الحضارية، مما قادنا إلى التقصي عن طبيعة مرحلتها وما تضمنته من صياغات فنية بفعل ما أفرزته العينة المدروسة من خصائص عدت نظاما اساسيا لتلك الحقبة .
أنساق التعبير الجسدي للعنف في العرض المسرحي
Authors: أحمد سلمان  , نور سعيد  
Published: July 2023

يعد العنف ظاهرة متجذرة في المجتمعات منذ بدء الخليقة ، يرتبط وجودها بوجود الإنسان على وجه المعمورة ، إذ ان البشرية ما كفت يوما من الأيام عن ممارسة العنف لأنه متأصل في الذات الإنسانية ووسيلة استعملها الإنسان لبلوغ أهداف وغايات مختلفة وقد " اجمع اغلب المؤرخين والمفكرين بأن تاريخ البشرية هو تاريخ العنف . حيث تشير الأرقام انه وخلال 5500 سنه الماضية وقع في الأرض ما يقارب (15) ألف حرب وصراع بمعدل ( 2-3) صراع وحرب في السنة ." ( 8: ص20) لذلك كان استخدام العنف في المسرح بجميع أنواعه وأشكاله للتعبير عما هو موجود في هذه المجتمعات ، لان المسرح مرآة يعكس الواقع بكل حيثياته محاولا تسليط الضوء على أهم المشاكل الاجتماعية ومن بينها مشكلة العنف .
Pengaruh Promosi Kesehatan Berbasis Budaya Nujuh Bulan Terhadap Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Tindakan Kemampuan Perawatan Mandiri Ibu Nifas
Authors: Amin Maliha , Shobur Sherli , Qanitah Atikah 
Published: July 2023

Latar Belakang: Periode nifas termasuk masa kritis baik pada ibu maupun bayinya sehingga ibu membutuhkan kemampuan dalam perawatan diri. Budaya dan perilaku kesehatan sangat mempengaruhi keberhasilan dalam perawatan ibu nifas, sehingga diperlukan inovasi baru dalam merawat ibu nifas dengan mengadaptasi budaya positif yang selama ini berlaku di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi kesehatan berbasis budaya nujuh bulan terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan kemampuan perawatan mandiri ibu nifas. Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan quasi eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) melalui pendekatan randomized control group pre test – post test. Pada penelitian ini sampel diambil secara purposive sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner terstruktur dengan pedoman wawancara. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan ibu pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh promosi kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan kemampuan perawatan mandiri ibu nifas.
A single image based spectacle problem removal for improved ocular feature detection under spectacles
Authors: Mayaluri Zefree Lazarus , Gupta Supratim , Panda Nidhi , Thomas Nygel 
Published: July 2023

<p>Ocular image processing is an important step in applications like face recognition, driver fatigue detection, iris recognition, and gaze tracking etc. Secondary reflections and glare formed on the spectacles results in poor detection and localization of ocular features. Separating the reflection components accurately is a relevant and important challenge in enhancing eye feature quality under spectacles. Direct application of Dichromatic reflection model (DRM) based reflection removal algorithms on real-time facial images under spectacles—results in loss of ocular feature information in the diffuse component—as the DRM approaches fails to separate the chromatic and achromatic part of diffuse reflection. In this manuscript, we solve the problem of hue-saturation ambiguity by extending the DRM to Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) colour space, and propose a new single image-based spectacle problem removal approach. Experiments on three set of databases demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves better solution with minimum execution time compared to the state-of-the-art.<br>
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Using ChatGPT to Annotate a Dataset: A Case Study in Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Authors: Vujinović Aleksandar , Luburić Nikola , Slivka Jelena , Kovačević Aleksandar 
Published: July 2023

<p> Large language models like ChatGPT can learn in-context (ICL) from examples. Studies showed that, due to ICL, ChatGPT achieves impressive performance in various natural language processing tasks. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that assesses ChatGPT’s effectiveness in annotating a dataset for training instructor models in intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). The task of an ITS’s instructor model is to mimic the human instructor by providing an effective tutoring action for a given student’s state. The instructor models are typically implemented as hardcoded rules, limiting their ability to personalize instruction. This problem could be mitigated by utilizing machine learning (ML). However, training supervised ML models requires a large dataset of student states annotated by corresponding tutoring actions. Using human experts to annotate such datasets is expensive, time-consuming, and requires pedagogical expertise. Thus, this study explores ChatGPT’s potential to act as a pedagogy expert annotator. Using prompt engineering, we created a list of actions a tutor could recommend to a student. We manually filtered this list and instructed ChatGPT to select the appropriate action from the list for the given student’s state. We manually analyzed ChatGPT’s responses that could be considered incorrect labels. Our results indicate that using ChatGPT as an annotator is an effective alternative to human experts. The contributions of our work are (1) a novel dataset annotation methodology for the ITS context, (2) a publicly available dataset of student states annotated with tutoring advice, and (3) a list of possible pedagogical actions. </p>
Distributed UAV Swarm Augmented Wideband Spectrum Sensing Using Nyquist Folding Receiver
Authors: Jiang Kaili 
Published: July 2023

<p>Distributed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms are formed by multiple UAVs with increased portability, higher levels of sensing capabilities, and more powerful autonomy. These features make them attractive for many recent applications, potentially increasing the shortage of spectrum resources. In this paper, wideband spectrum sensing augmented technology is discussed for distributed UAV swarms to improve the utilization of spectrum. However, the sub-Nyquist sampling applied in existing schemes has high hardware complexity, power consumption, and low recovery efficiency for non-strictly sparse conditions. Thus, the Nyquist folding receiver (NYFR) is considered for the distributed UAV swarms, which can theoretically achieve full-band spectrum detection and reception using a single analog-to-digital converter (ADC) at low speed for all circuit components. There is a focus on the sensing model of two multichannel scenarios for the distributed UAV swarms, one with a complete functional receiver for the UAV swarm with RIS, and another with a decentralized UAV swarm equipped with a complete functional receiver for each UAV element. The key issue is to consider whether the application of RIS technology will bring advantages to spectrum sensing and the data fusion problem of decentralized UAV swarms based on the NYFR architecture. Therefore, the property for multiple pulse reconstruction is analyzed through the Gershgorin circle theorem, especially for very short pulses. Further, the block sparse recovery property is analyzed for wide bandwidth signals. The proposed technology can improve the processing capability for multiple signals and wide bandwidth signals while reducing interference from folded noise and subsampled harmonics. Experiment results show augmented spectrum sensing efficiency under non-strictly sparse conditions. </p>