bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive acoustic survey reveals the abundance of a low-density predator and its dependency on mature forests
Authors: Baroni Daniele , Hanzelka Jan , Raimondi Teresa , Gamba Marco , Brommer Jon E. , Laaksonen Toni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractContextEven though habitat use is essential information for conservation management strategies, studying it in elusive and scarce forest species has proven challenging. Passive acoustic monitoring allows collecting accurate presence-absence data even for species that typically exhibit low detectability. It further provides tools for long-term and cost-effective biodiversity monitoring, and may also be used to infer population estimates at the landscape level.ObjectivesWe aimed to demonstrate the application of passive acoustic monitoring to the problem of detecting elusive species, especially in forests, using the Eurasian pygmy owl as a model species. We explored its habitat selection, and estimated occupancy and density at the landscape level in the managed boreal forest.MethodsWe conducted a wide-scale autonomous recording units (ARUs) survey, involving 292 sites in a single season, in a study area covering approx. 370 km2in south-western Finland. We clustered the detections into territories of males to infer population size by also taking into account the size of home ranges derived from GPS-tags data. Since we were simultaneously monitoring the occupancy of a network of nest boxes and previously estimated the abundance of natural cavities, we could also estimate the proportion of pygmy owls nesting in natural cavities.ResultsIncreasing availability of mature forests was consistently the most critical habitat variable both for calling and nesting sites, increasing occupancy probability of the pygmy owls in a landscape dominated by managed forests. The proportion of sites showing occupancy by the pygmy owls was 20.9%, corresponding to an estimate of ca. Six territorial males/100 km2.ConclusionOur results confirmed that the pygmy owl can be considered a species of mature and old forests, and we provide the first data-based estimate of the total density of territorial males of this species. Passive acoustic monitoring proved to be an efficient method in detecting the presence of pygmy owls, and may overcome weaknesses of other methods, such as nest box surveys, in order to quantify population numbers.
Research on the optimization of energy consumption for multi-priority tasks in mobile computing offloading
Authors: Zhang Yanhu , Yan Lijuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo solve the problem of insufficient energy consumption for multi-priority tasks in the computing and unloading environments of mobile devices, we designed evaluation methods to improve the traditional simulated annealing algorithm and obtain the optimal allocation scheme for these tasks under multiple computing resources. Firstly, we proposed the task model and discussed the classification and definition of task priority as well as the procedure of task processing in detail. Secondly, a calculation model for the energy consumption of mobile devices is provided. Thirdly, an evaluation mechanism is designed to evaluate the unloading distribution scheme of mobile devices effectively. Finally, the improved traditional simulated annealing algorithm was applied to find the optimal distribution scheme for this computing environment. All allocation schemes obtained in this study were compared and analyzed via simulation. The results showed that the proposed algorithm can reduce the energy consumption of mobile devices more significantly, shorten the system response time, and complete high-priority tasks based on time constraints.
High variability of interaction energy between volcanic particles: implications for deposit stability
Authors: Ontiveros-Ortega Alfonso , Plaza Iban , Calero Julio , Moleon Jose Alberto , Ibañez Jesús Miguel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLandslides on the flanks of stratovolcanoes can significantly modify the structure of the volcano. Macroscopic factors that determine the stability of volcanic deposits are well understood, but the microscopic interactions between particles and their impact on deposit cohesion remain poorly understood. Deposit cohesion is related to the energy of interaction between particles, and its calculation depends on the surficial properties of the eruptive materials. The purpose of this study was to perform a preliminary comparative analysis of the surficial properties of volcanic materials from various tectonic settings, including electrical (zeta potential) and thermodynamic (surface free energy) components and to calculate the total interaction energy between particles under different environmental conditions. We analyzed samples of eruptive materials obtained from volcanic flows characteristic of six active volcanoes (El Hierro, Pico Do Fogo, Vulcano, Stromboli, Mt. Etna, and Deception Island). The results show that deposit cohesion varies among volcanoes and changes drastically with the pH of the medium. Among the volcanic systems investigated, El Hierro (pH = 3) has the most cohesive materials, while Mt. Etna (pH = 8) has the least cohesive materials. Our results suggest that microscopic electrical and thermodynamic properties play a role in the stability of volcanic deposits, and confirm the need for a greater research focus in this area.
X-Phi and the challenge from ad hoc concepts
Authors: Liu Michelle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAd hoc concepts feature prominently in lexical pragmatics. A speaker can use a word or phrase to communicate an ad hoc concept that is different from the lexically encoded concept and the hearer can construct the intended ad hoc concept pragmatically during utterance comprehension. I argue that some philosophical concepts have origins as ad hoc concepts, and such concepts pose a challenge for experimental philosophy regarding these concepts. To illustrate this, I consider philosophers’ ‘what-it’s-like’-concepts and experimental philosophy of consciousness.
Evidence for two morphologically cryptic species of Hysterolecitha Linton, 1910 (Trematoda: Lecithasteridae) infecting overlapping host ranges in Moreton Bay, Australia
Authors: Duong Berilin , Cribb Thomas H. , Cutmore Scott C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntegration of morphological and molecular approaches to species delineation has become an essential part of digenean trematode taxonomy, particularly when delimiting cryptic species. Here, we use an integrated approach to distinguish and describe two morphologically cryptic species of Hysterolecitha Linton, 1910 (Trematoda: Lecithasteridae) from fishes of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Morphological analyses of Hysterolecitha specimens from six fish species demonstrated a complete overlap in morphometric data with no reliable differences in their gross morphological characters that suggested the presence of more than one species. Distinctions in ITS2 rDNA and cox1 mtDNA sequence data for corresponding specimens suggested the presence of two forms. A principal component analysis on an imputed dataset showed clear separation between the two forms. These two forms are partially separated on the basis of their host’s identity. Therefore, we describe two morphologically cryptic species: Hysterolecitha melaen. sp. from three species of Abudefduf Forsskål and one species of Parma Günther (Pomacentridae), with the Bengal sergeant, Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch), as the type-host; and Hysterolecitha phisonin. sp. from species of Pomacentridae (including A. bengalensis), Pomatomidae and Siganidae, with the black rabbitfish, Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn), as the type-host.
Genomic variability and population structure of six Colombian cattle breeds
Authors: Martinez Rodrigo , Bejarano Diego , Ramírez Julián , Ocampo Ricardo , Polanco Nelson , Perez Juan Esteban , Onofre Héctor Guillermo , Rocha Juan Felipe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnalyses of the genetic diversity of indigenous cattle are essential for implementing conservation programs, promoting their sustainable use and maintaining productive advantages offered by these breeds in local conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of six Colombian cattle breeds: Blanco Orejinegro (BON), Costeño con Cuernos (CCC), Romosinuano (ROM), Sanmartinero (SAM), Casanareño (CAS), and Hartón del Valle (HDV). Two additional breed groups were included for comparison: Zebu (CEB) and a crossbreed of Colombian cattle breeds × Zebu. Genetic diversity within breeds was analyzed using expected heterozygosity (He), inbreeding coefficient (f), and runs of homozygosity (ROH). Population structure was assessed using model-based clustering (ADMIXTURE) and principal components analysis (PCA). Zebu cattle showed the lowest genetic diversity (He = 0.240). Breeds with the highest genetic diversity level were HDV and BON (He = 0.350 and 0.340, respectively). Inbreeding was lower for Colombian cattle breeds ranging between 0.005 and 0.045. Overall, the largest average genetic distance was found among the group of Colombian cattle breeds and Zebu, while the smallest was found between ROM and CCC. Model-based clustering revealed some level of admixture among HDV and CAS cattle which is consistent with their recent history. The results of the present study provide a useful insight on the genetic structure of Colombian cattle breeds.
Prevalence of myositis specific and associated antibodies in a cohort of patients affected by idiopathic NSIP and no hint of inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Conticini Edoardo , d’Alessandro Miriana , Cameli Paolo , Bergantini Laura , Pordon Elena , Cassai Lucia , Cantarini Luca , Bargagli Elena , Frediani Bruno , Porcelli Brunetta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common and fearsome feature of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Such patients show radiological pattern of non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of myositis-specific and myositis-associated antibodies (MSA and MAA) in a cohort of patients with a previous diagnosis of NSIP and no sign or symptom of IIM. Secondly, it will be assessed whether patients displaying MSA and/or MAA positivity have a worse or a better outcome than idiopathic NSIP. All patients affected by idiopathic NSIP were enrolled. MSA and MAA were detected using EUROLINE Autoimmune Inflammatory Myopathies 20 Ag (Euroimmun Lubeck, Germany), line immunoassay. A total of 16 patients (mean age 72 ± 6.1 years old) were enrolled. Six out of 16 patients (37.5%) had significant MSA and/or MAA positivity: one displayed positivity of anti-PL-7 (+ +), one of anti-Zo (+ +), anti-TIF1γ (+ + +) and anti-Pm-Scl 75 (+ + +), one of anti-Ro52 (+ +), one of anti-Mi2β (+ + +), one of anti-Pm-Scl 75 (+ + +) and the latter of both anti-EJ (+ + +) and anti-Ro52 (+ + +).Two out of 7 seropositive patients showed a significant impairment of FVC (relative risk 4.8, 95% CI 0.78–29.5; p = 0.0350). Accordingly, among the 5 patients that started antifibrotic treatment during the observation time, 4 were seronegative. Our findings highlighted a potential autoimmune or inflammatory in idiopathic NSIP patients and also in those without significant rheumatological symptoms. A more accurate diagnostic assessment may ameliorate diagnostic accuracy as well as may provide new therapeutic strategy (antifibrotic + immunosuppressive). A cautious assessment of NSIP patients with a progressive and non-responsive to glucocorticoids disease course should therefore include an autoimmunity panel comprising MSA and MAA.
De volgende stap voor een Rookvrije Generatie
Authors: Mölenberg Famke J. M. , Boderie Nienke W. , Breunis Leonieke J. , Bruijn L. Michelle , Lutkenhaus Roel , Radó Márta K. , Tsampi Aikaterini , Westenberg Lauren E. H. , Toebes Brigit , Bouman Martine P. A. , Been Jasper V. 
Published: May 2023

SamenvattingIn Nederland staan rookvrije (kind)omgevingen op de politieke agenda. Dit multidisciplinaire onderzoek geeft een overzicht van rookvrij beleid voor auto’s en speeltuinen dat in andere landen ingevoerd is. We beschrijven de juridische kaders die invoering mogelijk maakten, de gezondheidsimpact en de mate van publieke steun voor deze vernieuwende rookvrije maatregelen, en de ervaringen van sleutelfiguren die betrokken zijn bij de implementatie van dit rookvrije beleid in het buitenland. Vanuit de volksgezondheid en de rechten van het kind zijn rookvrije maatregelen gerechtvaardigd. Na invoering van rookvrij beleid voor auto’s elders daalde de blootstelling aan tabaksrook bij kinderen met ruim 30%. In Schotland nam na implementatie ook het aantal ziekenhuisopnamen van kinderen met astma af. De gezondheidswinst van rookvrije speeltuinen is nog niet gekwantificeerd. Publieke steun voor deze uitbreidingen van rookvrij beleid is hoog, ook onder rokers. Uit interviews kwam naar voren dat het centraal stellen van de gezondheid van het kind belangrijk is, en dat een alomvattend landelijk tabaksontmoedigingsbeleid wordt geadviseerd. Dit project biedt handvatten om ook in Nederland verdere stappen te nemen om blootstelling aan tabaksrook en de bijkomende schadelijke gevolgen voor kinderen te verminderen. Op basis van de ervaringen uit het buitenland lijkt uitbreiding van landelijke wetgeving naar rookvrije auto’s en speeltuinen een kansrijke bijdragende stap richting een Rookvrije Generatie.
Transparent AI? Navigating Between Rules on Trade Secrets and Access to Information
Authors: Mylly Ulla-Maija 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAI systems are nowadays employed in ever-increasing areas. This new era of technological development is exciting, but AI applications are also a cause for concern. If tasks that have hitherto normally been undertaken by human beings are now to be taken care of by ever more intelligent autonomous systems, how can we be certain that such functions are performed diligently and safely? Many areas of application of AI systems have also made the tribulations of AI utilization apparent. The EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) aims to tackle the concerns and challenges related to the utilization of AI, and to develop human-centric, secure, trustworthy, and ethical AI systems for the EU markets. The provisions of the AIA establish a system of compliance assessment that requires AI providers to disclose how high-risk AI systems have been trained and put together. This article will look at the role of disclosure obligations under the provisions of the AIA. The focus is on the tension between obligations to disclose information on the one hand and requirements to protect the trade secrets contained in the technical details of AI on the other. This article will explain how the technical details of AI contain some information that does not qualify for trade secret protection. And even when there are trade secrets, there are exceptions to trade secret protection. Rules to enable access to information form part of the Trade Secrets Directive, but other legislative instruments too enable access and make it necessary to navigate between access and confidentiality.
A Scoping Review of Aided AAC Modeling for Individuals With Developmental Disabilities and Emergent Communication
Authors: Wandin Helena , Tegler Helena , Svedberg Lena , Johnels Linn 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Aided AAC modeling is an umbrella term for when communication partners model language on an aided AAC system to support an individual’s comprehension and/or communication development. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of aided AAC modeling studies targeting individuals with emergent communication and describing features and findings from these studies.

Recent Findings
Research on interventions that includes aided AAC modeling is growing. Recent studies cover interventions for individuals that previously were excluded, such as individuals who use alternative access methods to select symbols.

Summary
A search yielded 29 studies that encompassed a total of 237 participants using emergent communication. Positive outcomes from the aided AAC modeling interventions were reported in the majority of the studies. In future research, a clear description of the different components of the interventions and their expected effect on the outcome may assist in comparing the effect of different types of aided AAC modeling interventions.
Generator pyramid for high-resolution image inpainting
Authors: Cao Leilei , Yang Tong , Wang Yixu , Yan Bo , Guo Yandong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInpainting high-resolution images with large holes challenges existing deep learning-based image inpainting methods. We present a novel framework—PyramidFill for high-resolution image inpainting, which explicitly disentangles the task into two sub-tasks: content completion and texture synthesis. PyramidFill attempts to complete the content of unknown regions in a lower-resolution image, and synthesize the textures of unknown regions in a higher-resolution image, progressively. Thus, our model consists of a pyramid of fully convolutional GANs, wherein the content GAN is responsible for completing contents in the lowest-resolution masked image, and each texture GAN is responsible for synthesizing textures in a higher-resolution image. Since completing contents and synthesizing textures demand different abilities from generators, we customize different architectures for the content GAN and texture GAN. Experiments on multiple datasets including CelebA-HQ, Places2 and a new natural scenery dataset (NSHQ) with different resolutions demonstrate that PyramidFill generates higher-quality inpainting results than the state-of-the-art methods.
CO2-Minimized Ferrochrome Production Utilizing Silicon Wafer Cutting Slurry as an Alternative Reductant
Authors: Sommerfeld Marcus , Weiss Joao , Friedrich Bernd 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDirect emissions due to the use of carbon-based fossil-reducing agents contribute to the overall CO2 emissions of pyrometallurgical production processes. This study investigated the replacement of fossil coke by silicon-rich cutting waste from the solar wafer cutting process to produce ferrochrome in an electric arc furnace. Laboratory test work and thermochemical simulation were carried out to examine the product quality at various additions of cutting waste and lime. The experimental trials resulted in products in accord with international standards, however, adjusting the slag composition by the addition of lime was necessary, otherwise high silicon contents in the alloys were obtained. Due to the highly exothermic reaction of silicon with iron- and chromium oxides, the silicothermic reduction results in a decreased specific electric energy consumption compared to the carbothermic reduction according to the thermochemical simulation. Low phosphorus and sulfur contents in the alloy might result in premium prices, aiding the economic viability of the process.
Graphical Abstract
Numerical Study of Train-induced Pressure on Platform Screen Doors of a Subway Station
Authors: Zeng Lingwei , Wang Hanfeng , Peng Si , Cui Feng , Guo Wei , Tang Hui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe numerically investigate the train-induced transient pressure on the platform screen doors (PSDs) of an island-type platform in a subway station according to real scenarios and full-scale simulation to enhance understanding of the design and safe operation of subway trains. Two typical cases, namely, the non-stop and chasing cases, were examined, with the train’s speed variation well simulated throughout both cases. In the non-stop case, a train passes through the station without stopping; in the chasing case, a train stops at the station while another subsequent train approaches through the tunnel, which inevitably happens during rush hours. It is observed that the train generates a compression wave when it passes the tunnel’s ventilation shaft, similar to what occurs when entering a tunnel. In the non-stop case, the PSDs experience two positive and one negative pressure extremes in the whole process. The first positive peak results from an oncoming compression wave through the tunnel, while the second positive and negative peaks arise due to the passing of the train head and tail, respectively. In the chasing case, the stopped train at the platform leads to a blockage effect that significantly increases the pressure on the PSDs via the oncoming compression wave. This lateral pressure may result in the failure of proper operation of the PSDs, particularly during rush hours, with pressure lasting for roughly 5.7 seconds. It is also found that, compared to the fully sealed PSD, both the half-height and partial porous PSDs can significantly reduce the pressure load caused by the passing of the train head, with its maximum pressure load reduced by 38.7% and 38.2%, respectively. Therefore, if the pressure load on a fully sealed PSD is too high for structural design, one may consider the use of half-height and partial porous PSDs as an alternative. Our study offers crucial insights into the train-induced transient pressure on PSDs in a subway station island-type platform. It provides guidance on optimizing the pressure/operation problem on PSDs and offers valuable information for the safe design and operation of subway trains.
When T is an irrational rotation, and are Bernoulli: explicit isomorphisms
Authors: LEURIDAN CHRISTOPHE 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLet
$\theta $
be an irrational real number. The map
$T_\theta : y \mapsto (y+\theta ) \,\mod \!\!\: 1$
from the unit interval
$\mathbf {I} = [0,1[$
(endowed with the Lebesgue measure) to itself is ergodic. In 2002, Rudolph and Hoffman showed in [Uniform endomorphisms which are isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift. Ann. of Math. (2) 156(1) (2002), 79–101] that the measure-preserving map
$[T_\theta ,\mathrm {Id}]$
is isomorphic to a one-sided dyadic Bernoulli shift. Their proof is not constructive. A few years before, Parry [Automorphisms of the Bernoulli endomorphism and a class of skew-products. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.16 (1996), 519–529] had provided an explicit isomorphism under the assumption that
$\theta $
is extremely well approached by the rational numbers, namely,
$$ \begin{align*}\inf_{q \ge 1} q^44^{q^2}~\mathrm{dist}(\theta,q^{-1}\mathbb{Z}) = 0.\end{align*} $$
Whether the explicit map considered by Parry is an isomorphism or not in the general case was still an open question. In Leuridan [Bernoulliness of
$[T,\mathrm {Id}]$
when T is an irrational rotation: towards an explicit isomorphism. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.41(7) (2021), 2110–2135] we relaxed Parry’s condition into
$$ \begin{align*}\inf_{q \ge 1} q^4~\mathrm{dist}(\theta,q^{-1}\mathbb{Z}) = 0.\end{align*} $$
In the present paper, we remove the condition by showing that the explicit map considered by Parry is always an isomorphism. With a few adaptations, the same method works with
$[T,T^{-1}]$
.