bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitude, awareness, and knowledge of telemedicine among medical students: A systematic review of cross‐sectional studies
Authors: Ghaddaripouri Kosar , Mousavi Baigi Seyyedeh Fatemeh , Abbaszadeh Ali , Mazaheri Habibi Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe success of every new technology depends on numerous factors, including specialists' knowledge and perceptions of the concept, acquired attitude skills, and work environments. This systematic review aimed to examine medical students' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of telemedicine.MethodsStudies were obtained from the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases on June 9, 2022. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Cross‐sectional studies that examined medical students' knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of telemedicine approaches were considered inclusion criteria. Titles and abstracts were independently screened based on eligibility criteria. Articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded from this review. After that, the complete texts were retrieved and screened by two separate researchers based on the eligibility criteria. Disputes were resolved by discussion. The same checklist was used for data extraction. To assess the quality of the studies entering this study, the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical cross‐sectional studies was used.ResultsIn total, 10 eligible articles were found through this review. The sample size of the studies ranged from 60 to 3312 participants, or 6172 participants on the whole. The medical students' attitudes toward telemedicine were evaluated in eight included studies. Many of these studies (seven cases) reported positive and promising perspectives on telemedicine. However, in one study, participants revealed moderate attitudes toward online health information and online health experience sharing (p < 0.05). Students' knowledge of the telemedicine approach was evaluated in eight included studies. Many of these studies (five cases) reported that students possessed an extensively poor knowledge of telemedicine's uses. In three other studies, two reported moderate and one disclosed desirable levels of students' knowledge. All the included studies attributed medical students' poor knowledge to the lack of, and thus failure of, educational courses in this field.ConclusionThe evidence obtained from this review reveals that medical students possess positive and promising attitudes toward telemedicine technology for education, treatment, and care. However, their knowledge levels were extremely insufficient, and many had not passed any educational courses in this respect. Such results can foreground the health and education policymakers' obligations for planning, training, and empowering digital health and telemedicine literacy among medical students as the primary players in social health.
Evaluation of overweight control applications with cognitive‐behavioral therapy approach: A systematic review
Authors: Ebrahimi Negin , Mohammadzadeh Niloofar , Ayyoubzadeh Seyed Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsOverweight and obesity lead to the development of physical diseases. Cognitive factors play a vital role in controlling one's weight. Currently, cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions are recognized as a subcategory of lifestyle modification programs that can be implemented to control weight and modify eating patterns as well as physical activity. Nowadays, smartphone‐based applications are utilized to implement behavioral interventions. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of CBT‐based smartphone applications available on Google Play and the App Store in the field of overweight control.MethodsSmartphone‐based utility applications available on Google Play and App Store were identified in March 2021. Weight control smartphone applications were obtained based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The app name, platform, version, number of downloads, password protection, affiliations, and features of retrieved apps were tabulated. The Mobile Application Rating Scale was utilized to evaluate the quality of the identified apps.ResultsSeventeen CBT‐based weight control smartphone apps were retrieved. The average engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information quality scores were 3.65, 3.92, 3.80, and 3.91, respectively. Also, the average score in an aspect containing the usefulness of the app, frequency of using the application, cost, and user satisfaction was 3.5.ConclusionFuture applications related to this field can be improved by providing a personalization program according to the needs of users and the possibility of online chatting with the therapist. Further improvements can be achieved by improving the areas of engagement, aesthetics, and subjective quality as well as having appropriate privacy policies.
Friction reducing ability of a poly‐l‐lysine and dopamine modified hyaluronan coating for polycaprolactone cartilage resurfacing implants
Authors: Damen A. H. A. , van Donkelaar C. C. , Sharma P. K. , Wan H. , Cardinaels R. , Schmidt T. A. , Ito K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrictional properties of cartilage resurfacing implants should be sufficiently low to limit damaging of the opposing cartilage during articulation. The present study determines if native lubricious molecule proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) can adsorb onto a layer‐by‐layer bioinspired coating composed of poly‐l‐lysine (PLL) and dopamine modified hyaluronic acid (HADN) and thereby can reduce the friction between implant and articular cartilage. An ELISA was developed to quantify the amount of immobilized human recombinant (rh)PRG4 after exposure to the PLL‐HADN coating. The effect on lubrication was evaluated by comparing the coefficient of friction (CoF) of bare polycaprolactone (PCL) disks to that of PLL‐HADN coated PCL disks while articulated against cartilage using a ring‐on‐disk geometry and a lubricant solution consisting of native synovial fluid components including rhPRG4. The PLL‐HADN coating effectively immobilized rhPRG4. The surface roughness of PCL disks significantly increased while the water contact angle significantly decreased after application of the coating. The average CoF measured during the first minute of bare PCL against cartilage exceeded twice the CoF of the PLL‐HADN coated PCL against cartilage. After 60 min, the CoF reached equilibrium values which were still significantly higher for bare PCL compared to coated PCL. The present study demonstrated that PCL can effectively be coated with PLL‐HADN. Additionally, this coating reduces the friction between PCL and cartilage when a PRG4‐rich lubricant is used, similar to the lubricating surface of native cartilage. This makes PLL‐HADN coating a promising application to improve the clinical success of PCL‐based cartilage resurfacing implants.
Review of the Utility of Extended Recovery Room Observation after Adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Hazkani Inbal , Serino Maeve A. , Thompson Dana M. , Lavin Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundOur institution implemented a post‐anesthesia care unit (PACU) extended‐stay model (Grey Zone model), where the post‐operative level of care for high‐risk adenotonsillectomy patients (general care vs. intensive care unit) was decided based on the clinical course of 2–4 h of PACU admission.ObjectiveTo assess the correlation between post‐tonsillectomy respiratory compromise and the need for respiratory support during an extended stay at PACU. To identify comorbidities associated with a need for intensive care after extended observation.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of high‐risk children who underwent adenotonsillectomy and were admitted to the Grey Zone following surgery.Results274 patients met inclusion criteria. 262 (95.6%) met criteria for general care unit transfer (mean oxygen saturation 94.4 ± 5.1%). Twelve (4.4%) patients were transferred from the PACU to the ICU due to respiratory distress (mean oxygen saturation 86.8 ± 11%). Of the patients admitted to general care, 4 (1.5%) secondarily developed respiratory compromise, requiring escalation of care. Three of these maintained oxygen saturation ≥95% throughout the PACU period. There was no difference between the groups with respect to demographic data, rates of morbid obesity, and severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Neuromuscular disease, chronic lung disease, seizure disorder, and gastrostomy‐tube status were more prevalent in those requiring ICU level of care compared to the general care unit.ConclusionsThe Grey Zone model accurately identifies patients requiring ICU‐level care following adenotonsillectomy, allowing for a safe reduction in the utilization of ICU resources. Due to rare delayed respiratory events, overnight observation in this cohort is recommended.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:3582–3587, 2023
The Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Traumatic Anosmia: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jiang Rong‐San , Yan Karen , Chiang Yi‐Fang , Chiang Pei‐Jung 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveChinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been implemented as a form of treatment for olfactory dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to use a tailored Guizhi decoction for the treatment of traumatic olfactory dysfunction.MethodsPatients who had lost olfactory function after experiencing head trauma and whose olfactory function was anosmic were selected. The eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups. In the CHM group, a tailored Guizhi decoction was prescribed, with patients also undergoing olfactory training (OT). In the OT group, patients performed OT only. The olfactory function of each patient was evaluated by both the phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) odor detection threshold test and the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (TC‐UPSIT), at both 3 and 6 months after the completion of treatment.ResultsA total of 38 patients in the CHM group and 40 in the OT group completed the study. The TC‐UPSIT scores of patients slightly rose after treatment in both the CHM and OT groups. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in TC‐UPSIT scores before and after treatment in both groups. However, the PEA thresholds improved significantly in both CHM and OT groups (p = 0.005 and 0.016, respectively). Of note, there were no significant differences in threshold or identification scores between the CHM and OT groups.ConclusionOur results show that adding a tailored Guizhi decoction to OT conferred a limited benefit to the olfactory function of patients experiencing traumatic anosmia.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 133:1473–1479, 2023
Development of new electromagnetic suspension–based high‐speed Maglev vehicles in China: Historical and recent progress in the field of dynamical simulation
Authors: Ding Sansan , Eberhard Peter , Schneider Georg , Schmid Patrick , Kargl Arnim , Cui Yong , Martin Ullrich , Liang Xin , Huang Chao , Bauer Markus , Dignath Florian , Zheng Qinghua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh‐speed Maglev is a cutting‐edge technology brought back into the focus of research by plans of the Chinese government for the development of a new 600 km/h Maglev train. A Chinese‐German cooperation with industrial and academic partners has been established to pursue this ambitious goal and bring together experts from multiple disciplines. This contribution presents the joint work and achievements of CRRC Qingdao Sifang, thyssenkrupp Transrapid, CDFEB, and the ITM of the University of Stuttgart, regarding research and development in the field of high‐speed Maglev systems. Furthermore, an overview is given of the historical development of the Transrapid in Germany, the associated development of dynamical simulation models, and recent developments regarding high‐speed Maglev trains in China.
An Eulerian time‐stepping scheme for a coupled parabolic moving domain problem using equal‐order unfitted finite elements
Authors: von Wahl Henry , Richter Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider an unfitted Eulerian time‐stepping scheme for a coupled parabolic model problem on a moving domain. In this model, the domain motion results from an ordinary differential equation coupled to the bulk via the forces acting on the moving interface. We extend our initial work (von Wahl & Richter, 2022) to allow for equal‐order finite element discretisations for the partial differential equation and Lagrange multiplier spaces. Together with the BFD2 time‐stepping scheme, the lowest‐order case of this equal‐order method then results in a fully balanced second‐order scheme in space and time. We show that the equal‐order method has the same stability properties as the method in our initial work.Numerical results validate this observation.
Structure‐preserving integrators for constrained mechanical systems in the framework of the GGL principle
Authors: Kinon Philipp Lothar , Betsch Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSimulating multi‐body systems often requires an appropriate treatment of the differential‐algebraic equations (DAEs). The recently proposed GGL principle considers constraints both on configuration and on velocity level and embodies an index‐reduction technique in the spirit of the often‐applied GGL stabilization. In sharp contrast to the original formulation, the Euler‐Lagrange equations of the GGL principle, fit into the Hamiltonian framework of mechanics. Therefore, the GGL principle facilitates the design of structure‐preserving integrators. Due to the close relationship of the GGL principle to optimal control, previously developed direct methods can be used to obtain variational integrators for constrained mechanical systems. Furthermore, slight modifications can be applied to obtain second‐order energy‐momentum consistent integrators emanating from the GGL principle, which represent another important class of structure‐preserving time‐stepping schemes. The newly devised schemes circumvent issues of standard methods and provide more realistic results by accounting for velocity level constraints.
Space‐time phase‐field fracture optimal control computations
Authors: Khimin Denis , C. Steinbach Marc , Wick Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, we undertake additional computational performance studies of a recently developed space‐time phase‐field fracture optimal control framework. Therein, the phase‐field forward problem is formulated in a monolithic fashion. The optimal control problem is formulated with the help of the reduced approach in which the state variable is represented with a solution operator applied to the control. To this end, a Newton algorithm in the control variable is formulated for which auxiliary equations must be solved. Two numerical experiments demonstrate the capabilities of our framework.
Phase‐field modeling of crack propagation based on multi‐crack order parameters considering mechanical jump conditions
Authors: Schöller Lukas , Schneider Daniel , Prahs Andreas , Nestler Britta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe phase field method is commonly used for the crack propagation modeling in modern material science, as they allow for an implicit tracking of the crack surface. However, most of these crack propagation models are for homogeneous materials, and there exist only a few approaches for heterogeneous systems. Recently, Schöller et al. [1] presented a novel phase‐field model for multiphase materials, e.g. composites, based on multi‐crack crack order parameters. Despite the quantitative advantages of the model, it is based on a simple scheme for the underlying homogenization problem. In this work, a more advanced homogenization scheme based on mechanical jump condition is applied to the model. Consideration of these jump conditions yields phase‐specific stresses and strains. Therefore, the mechanical driving force for crack propagation can be modeled as more independent of the elastic properties of other physical regions. Volume elements of a fiber reinforced polymer are used to demonstrate the limitations of the simple scheme, as well the improvement if considering mechanical jump conditions. Thereby, the contrast in the crack resistance of the two materials is varied. It is shown that the simple linear interpolation does not lead to reasonable crack paths for contrary contrasts of elastic modulus and crack resistance. Taking into account the mechanical jump conditions instead yields still reasonable results. For both the final crack paths and the stress‐strain curves of the system, the novel model is less sensitive to a change in fiber crack resistance. While the result of the simple scheme depend on the selected fiber crack resistance, although failure of the matrix is expected.
A geometrical parameter study of the analytical stress calculation in adhesive joints with thick bonding layers
Authors: Methfessel Thomas S. , Becker Wilfried 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStrength and failure analyses are critical to the safe and sustainable design of any structure. In the case of adhesively bonded joints, particular attention must be paid to the adhesive layer, which is comparably compliant and subject to high stresses. Determining the stresses in the adhesive layer is essential to identify critical areas in the joint and prevent the formation of cracks. In most applications, bonded joints have thin adhesive layers that can already be accounted for with highly simplified analytical models. However, for the consideration of thicker adhesive layers, advanced models are required that take the adhesive layer into account in more detail.Therefore, in this work, an analytical model with a higher‐order displacement approach is presented to account for more complex deformation behavior in the adhesive layer. The applied advanced displacement approach is particularly suitable for joints with thicker adhesive layers. In addition, the model enables the calculation of stresses and strains in bonded joints for a wide range of joint configurations and applications. A parameter study is carried out to evaluate the effect of different thicknesses of the adhesive layer and to show the advantages of the current model compared to other existing ones. For verification, all analytical results were compared with corresponding Finite Element Analyses.
Optimizing Color of Particulate Products
Authors: Uihlein Andrian , Pflug Lukas , Stingl Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOptical properties of nanoparticles largely depend on their shape and material distribution. Given any such property, e.g., a desired color, the aim is to design an optimal nanoparticle, whose properties best match these targets. The corresponding nonlinear optimization problem is challenging due to numerous difficulties: The objective function is given by a multi‐dimensional integral over wavelengths, directions of incoming light rays and nanoparticle design distributions, where the integrand depends on the extinction cross section of the nanoparticle design.Thus, classical full gradient schemes based on numerical integration prove ineffective due to their tremendous computational cost. On the other hand, known stochastic gradient descent methods cannot deal with the nonlinear fashion in which the design variables enter the objective function. Therefore, we introduce the continuous stochastic gradient (CSG) method, which does not compute a full gradient, but instead uses information from previous iterations in an optimal way to learn the exact gradient during the optimization process. Hence, CSG thematically lies in between a stochastic optimization scheme and a full gradient method, combining both the low computational cost of SG due to very few partial gradient evaluations (small “batch size”) as well as step size rules and line search techniques known from full gradient descent.
Forward coupling approach to model time periodic piezoelectric problems
Authors: Papst Alexander , Toth Florian , Kaltenbacher Manfred 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicro electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS), such as piezoelectric loudspeakers are widely used for ultrasound applications. Designing advanced MEMS can be challenging, since nonlinear physical effects may have a significant impact. Piezoelectricity couples the mechanical and electrostatic field directly via the material law, which is often nonlinear and hysteretic. In many applications, only the steady‐state solution is of interest. The nonlinear electrostatic response to periodic forcing can be found directly in the frequency domain with the help of harmonic balancing and an alternating time frequency scheme. For certain problems and boundary conditions it might be sufficient to only assume forward coupling, i.e. one first computes the nonlinear hysteretic electrostatic field and then, use the resulting electric field and polarization to define piezoelectrically induced strains that excite the mechanical system. There are several ways to incorporate the piezoelectrically induced strains into the mechanical system. One way is to use a constant piezoelectric coupling tensor, which is used in Voigt's linear piezoelectric model. We use a phenomenological model for the piezoelectric coupling tensor, linearly scaling the coupling tensor based on the magnitude of the polarization. In this model, we neglect mechanical depolarization under the assumption that the prevailing mechanical stresses are small and a strong applied electric field enforces a certain polarization. The errors made by the forward coupling are estimated and compared with Voigt's linear piezoelectric model, for which direct coupling is used. The result of the forward coupling approach agrees well with the directly coupled results, and it needs less computational effort. Due to the phenomenological model for the piezoelectric coupling tensor, the response of the mechanical system changes and reflects the influence of nonlinear electrostatics.
Development of a simple substitute model to describe the normal force of fluids in narrow gaps
Authors: Bilz Raphael , de Payrebrune Kristin M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFluids in narrow gaps are employed frequently in many applications. The motivation for their use is diverse and ranges from hydrodynamic lubrication in plain bearings to the transport of hard particles into the working gap for the purpose of machining workpiece surfaces in lapping processes. Depending on the focus of the analysis, it may be useful to investigate the entire pressure field or to calculate only individual quantities. For example, in sophisticated simulations it may be of interest to know the resulting force of a fluid as a function of the external system state in order to describe its damping characteristics. Especially for the simulation of flows in narrow gaps, the Reynolds equation is a convenient choice, which, in contrast to the more general Navier‐Stokes equations, can lead to considerable savings in computational time because no three‐dimensional discretization is required, but only a two‐dimensional discretization. However, if not a highly detailed pressure field is of interest, but only simple relations such as the resulting force as a function of distance and velocity, and if this relation to be evaluated many times for different parameter combinations over a wide range of values, the use of a robust substitute model is a good choice. This article deals with the creation of such a substitute model based on the Reynolds equation taking cavitation into account.