bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explainable fault prediction using learning fuzzy cognitive maps
Authors: Mansouri Taha , Vadera Sunil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIoT sensors capture different aspects of the environment and generate high throughput data streams. Besides capturing these data streams and reporting the monitoring information, there is significant potential for adopting deep learning to identify valuable insights for predictive preventive maintenance. One specific class of applications involves using Long Short‐Term Memory Networks (LSTMs) to predict faults happening in the near future. However, despite their remarkable performance, LSTMs can be very opaque. This paper deals with this issue by applying Learning Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (LFCMs) for developing simplified auxiliary models that can provide greater transparency. An LSTM model for predicting faults of industrial bearings based on readings from vibration sensors is developed to evaluate the idea. An LFCM is then used to imitate the performance of the baseline LSTM model. Through static and dynamic analyses, we demonstrate that LFCM can highlight (i) which members in a sequence of readings contribute to the prediction result and (ii) which values could be controlled to prevent possible faults. Moreover, we compare LFCM with state‐of‐the‐art methods reported in the literature, including decision trees and SHAP values. The experiments show that LFCM offers some advantages over these methods. Moreover, LFCM, by conducting a what‐if analysis, could provide more information about the black‐box model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time LFCMs have been used to simplify a deep learning model to offer greater explainability.
Evaluation of feature selection methods utilizing random forest and logistic regression for lung tissue categorization using HRCT images
Authors: Vishraj Rashmi , Gupta Savita , Singh Sukhwinder 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCategorization of lung tissue patterns with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) utilize high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) lung images of the TALISMAN dataset which is challenging due to high intra‐class variation and inter‐class ambiguity. To tackle this, major contributions are made in three aspects. First, a novel shape‐based feature is proposed to quantify the amount of fibrotic and nodular components in a lung tissue pattern which helps to minimize intra‐class variation and inter‐class ambiguity. Second, we address the curse of dimensionality which often arises due to huge feature space. Third, to prevent an overfitting issue, the Grid Search optimization algorithm is utilized by tuning the Random Forest hyper‐parameters. In this manuscript, a framework is proposed to categorize lung tissue patterns by integrating four types of feature domains (a) intensity‐based, (b) texture‐based, (c) wavelet‐based, and (d) shape‐based along with the novel shape‐based feature. As a result, we encounter a large feature space (i.e., ), which leads to high dimensionality. To address this issue, we reduce the feature space using filter‐based f‐statistic, reliefF, minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR), and embedded‐based decision trees, regularization models. We found that the regularization model shrinks the feature space by 2.5 times in just 90 s whereas mRMR methods reduce the feature space by 10 times in 13 min. Using the proposed feature set, we employ Random Forest and Logistic Regression as potential classifiers to classify lung tissue patterns. Experiential results reveal that the proposed framework categorizes lung tissue patterns more effectively than state‐of‐the‐art hand‐crafted and deep learning‐based approaches.
Ecological consequences of shifting habitat mosaics within and across years in an intermittent stream
Authors: Moidu Hana , Rodríguez‐Lozano Pablo , Leidy Robert A. , Bogan Michael T. , Grantham Theodore E. , Carlson Stephanie M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Intermittent streams that cease to flow during dry periods represent more than half of the global river network, and are particularly common in arid and semi‐arid regions. They are characterised by high spatial and temporal variability in aquatic habitat, forming a shifting habitat mosaic that supports diverse assemblages of native and endemic species. Climate projections for much of the world predict greater variation in precipitation and increasing drought severity, suggesting a need to better understand species' responses to habitat variability within intermittent stream ecosystems. Here we explored changes in the distribution and abundance of aquatic vertebrates in response to a wide range of annual hydrologic conditions within a Mediterranean‐climate intermittent stream in California.

We conducted wetted habitat and vertebrate abundance surveys during the dry season for 7 years, spanning both extreme wet and extreme dry annual precipitation conditions, and characterised the variation in the size, persistence, and spatial configuration of wetted habitats in relation to the observed abundance and composition of fishes, amphibians, and aquatic reptiles. We characterised the habitat mosaic using a k‐means clustering approach, and identified three habitat types with distinct size, persistence, and connectivity distributions.

We found that some wetted habitat units persisted across all years, regardless of antecedent precipitation, whereas others dried in all but the wettest years. We determined that persistent pools, a subset of wetted habitats present in the stream, supported diverse assemblages of native species even during extreme dry conditions, while transient pools acted as important habitat for particular species and life stages, including a young‐of‐year minnow species. Linear mixed models indicated that species' abundances were influenced by habitat quantity, quality, and connectivity.

Our study ‐ considers intermittent streams as shifting habitat mosaics and uses multi‐year surveys to understand the ecological consequences of habitat variability within and across years to advance our understanding of intermittent stream ecology and the implications of climate change for spatial and temporal patterns of refuge habitat.
De‐municipalisation? Legacies of austerity for England's urban parks
Authors: Smith Andrew , Whitten Meredith , Ernwein Marion 
Published: April 2023

AbstractParks are important urban infrastructures that contribute a broad range of health, environmental, social, and economic benefits. Despite this, UK parks' status as non‐statutory services makes them particularly vulnerable to local authority budget cuts. This paper focuses on parks in English cities as these were particularly affected by severe cuts to local government budgets 2010–2019. This period of austerity affected parks provision in various ways, including service reductions, increased reliance on volunteer labour, and pressure to generate commercial revenue. Combined with a series of other factors, including ongoing neoliberalisation, austerity‐driven changes left a range of physical, social, and institutional legacies. This paper explores these using the notion of de‐municipalisation to frame the discussion. The paper is based on an innovative synthesis of research conducted by the authors 2016–2022 and presented at the RGS‐IBG Annual Conference in 2021. The paper identifies that austerity‐driven changes included an experimental ‘shaking up’ of park governance, away from local authorities and with greater involvement from national‐level NGOs. Changes also involved a ‘breaking down’ of municipal management, with responsibility delegated to dedicated parks trusts but also to community groups and volunteers. Ultimately, austerity 2010–2019 altered parks governance, transforming the stewardship and condition of parks, reducing accountability and accessibility, and exacerbating inequities in parks provision. Rather than representing new directions, these changes perpetuate those instigated in previous austerity eras. The noted trend towards de‐municipalisation also reduces parks' capacity to serve as integrated infrastructures – something that may hinder efforts to make cities more sustainable and resilient.
Solute carrier family 11 member 1 genetic polymorphisms rs17235409 and rs3731865 associate with susceptibility to extremity post‐traumatic osteomyelitis in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhong Yong‐Cong , Lin Qing‐Rong , Song Chen‐Sheng , Yu Bin , Hu Yan‐Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenetic variations in the solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1) gene have been implicated in developing inflammatory disorders. However, it is still unclear whether such polymorphisms contribute to the pathogenesis of post‐traumatic osteomyelitis (PTOM). Therefore, this study investigated the roles of genetic variations of the SLC11A1 gene (rs17235409 and rs3731865) in PTOM development in a Chinese Han cohort. The SNaPshot method was used for genotyping 704 participants (336 patients and 368 controls) for rs17235409 and rs3731865. Outcomes revealed that rs17235409 increased the risk of PTOM occurrence by dominant (p = .037, odds ratio [OR] = 1.44) and heterozygous models (p = .035, OR = 1.45), implying AG genotype as a risk factor for PTOM development. In addition, patients with AG genotype had relatively higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers than those with AA and GG genotypes, especially for the white blood cell count and C‐reactive protein. Despite no statistically significant differences achieved, rs3731865 may reduce the PTOM susceptibility, suggested by the results of dominant (p = .051, OR = 0.67) and heterozygous (p = .068, OR = 0.69) models. In short, rs17235409 confers an elevated chance of developing PTOM, with AG genotype as a risk factor. Whether rs3731865 involves in the pathogenesis of PTOM requires further investigations.
Analysing Monday discharges to identify lost opportunities for weekend discharge
Authors: Shyu Margaret , Golec Sophia , Anderson Justine , Linker Anne S. , Nguyen Vinh‐Tung , Raucher Beth , Dunn Andrew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLower rates of hospital discharge occur on weekends compared with weekdays. The authors performed a retrospective chart review of Monday discharges from the Hospital Medicine service at an academic hospital over a 3‐month period to identify reasons for delayed discharge despite medical stability. Of 202 eligible patients, 81 (40%) had documentation indicating stability for earlier discharge. Common causes included bed availability or insurance authorisation at a skilled nursing facility, home care services and patient/family disagreement with discharge.
Phenotypic variation in milk fatty acid composition and its association with stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene polymorphisms in Gir cows
Authors: Matosinho Carolina Guimarães Ramos , Fonseca Pablo Augusto de Souza , Peixoto Maria Gabriela Campolina Diniz , Rosse Izinara Cruz , Lopes Fernando César Ferraz , Zózimo Thalia , Filho Aníbal Eugênio Vercesi , Bruneli Frank Ângelo Tomita , Carvalho Maria Raquel Santos , Gama Marco Antonio Sundfeld 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIndividual variation in milk fatty acid (FA) composition has been partially attributed to stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene polymorphisms in taurine breeds, but much less is known for Zebu breeds. This study investigated the phenotypic variation in milk FA composition, and the influence of SCD1 variants on this trait and on milk fat desaturase indices (DI) in Gir cows. The functional impact of SCD1 variants was predicted using bioinformatics tools. Milk and blood samples were collected from 312 cows distributed in 10 herds from five states of Brazil. SCD1 variants were identified through target sequencing, and milk FA composition was determined by gas chromatography. Phenotypic variation in milk FA composition fell within the range reported for taurine breeds, with SCD18 index showing the lowest variation among the DI. Fourteen SCD1 variants were identified, six of which not previously described. Regarding the A293V polymorphism, all cows were homozygous for the C allele (coding for alanine), whereas all genotypes were detected for the second SNP affecting the 293 codon (G > A), with compelling evidence for functional effects. Significant associations (based on raw p‐values) were found between this SNP and C12:0, cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA and short‐chain FA, and between another SNP (rs523411937) and C15:0 and odd‐chain linear FA. A new SNP on Chr26:21277069 was associated with trans‐11 C18:1, cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA, C18:3 n‐3 and n‐3 FA. These findings indicate that SCD1 polymorphisms also contributes to the phenotypic variation in milk FA composition of Gir cows, with potential use in their breeding programmes.
Efficacy of intravenous magnesium for the management of non‐post operative atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Enayati Anees , Gin Julian H. , Sajeev Jithin K. , Cooke Jennifer C. , Carey Patrick , MacPherson Michael , Roberts Louise , Buntine Paul , Teh Andrew W. , Nogic Jason 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous magnesium (IV Mg), a commonly utilized therapeutic agent in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular response, is thought to exert its influence via its effect on cellular automaticity and prolongation of atrial and atrioventricular nodal refractoriness thus reducing ventricular rate. We sought to undertake a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of IV Mg versus placebo in addition to standard pharmacotherapy in the rate and rhythm control of AF in the nonpostoperative patient cohort given that randomized control trials (RCTs) have shown conflicting results.MethodsRandomized controlled trials comparing IV Mg versus placebo in addition to standard of care were identified via electronic database searches. Nine RCTs were returned with a total of 1048 patients. Primary efficacy endpoints were study‐defined rate control and rhythm control/reversion to sinus rhythm. The secondary endpoint was patient experienced side effects.ResultsOur analysis found IV Mg in addition to standard care was successful in achieving rate control (odd ratio [OR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13−3.11, p = .02) and rhythm control (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04−2.03, p = .03). Although not well reported among studies, there was no significant difference between groups regarding the likelihood of experiencing side effects.ConclusionsIV Mg, in addition to standard‐of‐care pharmacotherapy, increases the rates of successful rate and rhythm control in nonpostoperative patients with AF with rapid ventricular response and is well tolerated.
Subjective and objective experiences of childhood adversity: a meta‐analysis of their agreement and relationships with psychopathology
Authors: Francis Emma R. , Tsaligopoulou Anna , Stock Sarah E. , Pingault Jean‐Baptiste , Baldwin Jessie R. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundResearchers use both subjective self‐report and objective measures, such as official records, to investigate the impact of childhood adversity on psychopathology. However, it is unclear whether subjective and objective measures of childhood adversity (a) show agreement, and (b) differentially predict psychopathology.MethodTo address this, we conducted a pre‐registered meta‐analysis to examine the agreement between subjective and objective measures of childhood adversity, and their prediction of psychopathology. We searched in PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase for articles with both subjective measures (self‐reports) and objective measures of childhood adversity (comprising official records, or reports from multiple informants unrelated to the target individual), and measures of psychopathology.ResultsWe identified 22 studies (n = 18,163) with data on agreement between subjective and objective measures of childhood adversities, and 17 studies (n = 14,789) with data on the associations between subjective and objective measures with psychopathology. First, we found that subjective and objective measures of childhood adversities were only moderately correlated (e.g. for maltreatment, r = .32, 95% CI = 0.23–0.41). Second, subjective measures of childhood adversities were associated with psychopathology, independent of objective measures (e.g. for maltreatment, r = .16, 95% CI = 0.09–0.22). In contrast, objective measures of childhood adversities had null or minimal associations with psychopathology, independent of subjective measures (e.g. r for maltreatment = .06, 95% CI = −0.02–0.13).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the effects of childhood adversity on psychopathology are primarily driven by a person's subjective experience. If this is the case, clinical interventions targeting memories and cognitive processes surrounding childhood adversity may reduce the risk of psychopathology in exposed individuals.
Cost‐effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccination: A systematic review
Authors: Fu Yaqun , Zhao Jingyu , Han Peien , Zhang Jiawei , Wang Quan , Wang Qingbo , Wei Xia , Yang Li , Ren Tao , Zhan Siyan , Li Liming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 vaccination strategy has been widely used to protect population health worldwide. This study aims to summarize the cost‐effectiveness evidence of economic evaluation of COVID‐19 vaccination strategies to provide evidence supporting the usage of COVID‐19 vaccination, especially where the supply of COVID‐19 vaccine is limited.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed by searching both English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and CNKI. Articles published from January 1, 2020 to August 1, 2022 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022355442).ResultsOf the 1035 papers identified, a total of 28 English studies that met the preset criteria were included. COVID‐19 vaccination and booster vaccination were cost‐effective or cost‐saving regardless of the vaccine type; vaccine efficacy, vaccine price, vaccine supply or prioritization, and vaccination pace were the influential factors of cost‐effectiveness among different population groups. When supply is adequate, mass vaccination should be encouraged, while when supply is inadequate, prioritizing the high risk and the elderly is more cost‐effective.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 vaccination strategies are economically favorable in a wide range of countries and population groups, and further research on suitable strategies for booster COVID‐19 vaccination is needed.
Oxford cognitive screen: A critical review and independent psychometric evaluation
Authors: Murphy Donnchadh , Cornford Emily , Higginson Alice , Norman Alyson , Long Rebecca , Noad Rupert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Oxford cognitive screen (OCS) is a stroke‐specific cognitive screening assessment. Although the test developers have provided psychometric information for the assessment, the OCS has received minimal external scrutiny, with which to triangulate the underpinning psychometrics. The purpose of this study is to provide a critical review and independent validation of the OCS. This study analysed data from an anonymised clinical database, which consisted of 316 patients who were assessed using the OCS on an Acute Stroke Unit. The rates of impairment on tests of memory and receptive communication were lower than expectation, suggesting that these subtests may be relatively insensitive. Patients with aphasia were more likely to be unable to categorised as impaired on non‐language tests, suggesting that they remain sensitive to language processing or non‐dominant hand usage. Some of the subtests of the OCS achieve high retest reliability, which makes them good candidates for measuring cognitive change over time. Although the OCS has many advantages, it is also important to adequately consider its limitations, that is insensitivity to memory problems, the potential confounding impact of non‐dominant hand usage, and the potential that some tests may sample overall cognitive ability instead of domain‐specific functioning.
A comparative probabilistic analysis of human and chimpanzee rotator cuff functional capacity
Authors: MacLean Kathleen F. E. , Langenderfer Joseph E. , Dickerson Clark R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComputational musculoskeletal modeling represents a valuable approach to examining biological systems in physical anthropology. Probabilistic modeling builds on computational musculoskeletal models by associating mathematical distributions of specific musculoskeletal features within known ranges of biological variability with functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine if overlap in rotator cuff muscle force predictions would occur between species during the performance of an evolutionarily relevant horizontal bimanual arm suspension task. This necessitated creating novel probabilistic models of the human and chimpanzee glenohumeral joint through augmentation of previously published deterministic models. Glenohumeral musculoskeletal features of anthropological interest were probabilistically modeled to produce distributions of predicted human and chimpanzee rotator cuff muscle force that were representative of the specific anatomical manipulations. Musculoskeletal features modeled probabilistically included rotator cuff origins and deltoid insertion, glenoid inclination, and joint stability. Predicted human rotator cuff muscle force distributions were mostly limited to alternating between infraspinatus and teres minor, with both 100% and 0% muscle force predicted for both muscles. The chimpanzee model predicted low‐to‐moderate muscle force across all rotator cuff muscles. Rotator cuff muscle force predictions were most sensitive to changes of muscle origins and insertions. Results indicate that functional rotator cuff overlap is unlikely between chimpanzees and humans without greater modifications of the glenohumeral musculoskeletal phenotypes. The results also highlight the low efficacy of the human upper extremity in overhead, weight‐bearing tasks, and propensity for rotator cuff injury.
Furlough and Household Financial Distress during the COVID‐19 Pandemic*
Authors: Görtz Christoph , McGowan Danny , Yeromonahos Mallory 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study how being furloughed affects household financial distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Furlough increases the probability of late housing and bill payments by 30% and 19%, respectively. At the aggregate level, furlough increases the incidence of financial distress by 3.38 percentage points. To offset furlough‐induced income reductions, individuals significantly reduce consumption and spend savings. Relative to unemployment, the potential alternative in the absence of a furlough scheme, furlough reduces the incidence of financial distress by 95%. Estimates show an 80% government contribution to furloughed workers' wages minimizes the incidence of financial distress at the lowest cost to taxpayers.