bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ perspectives on global surgery and its integration into formal medical education
Authors: Rennie Nicholas , Degraeuwe Eva , Deltour Charlotte , Senhaji Miryam Serry , Vandenheede Margo , Berrevoet Frederik , Van Daele Elke , Willaert Wouter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlobal surgery is “an area of study, research, practice, and advocacy that seeks to improve health outcomes and achieve health equity for all people who require surgical care”. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery strives for an additional 2.28 million physicians in the global surgery workforce by 2030. Understanding how medical students perceive global surgery will be essential in educating the next generation of global surgeons, anaesthesiologists and obstetricians. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and exposure of Belgian medical students towards global surgery.An anonymous online survey was distributed to first to final year medical students across Belgian universities using social media. Data was collected on demographics, exposure, knowledge, obstacles and attitudes of medical students towards global surgery. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.A total of 304 medical students participated from four Belgian universities. A minority of students reported having exposure to global surgery (24.7%). Most students were interested in gaining more exposure to global surgery (75.3%). Almost all students agreed (94.4%) that global surgery is a relevant topic for medical students, and most agreed (71%) that there should be more compulsory education on the topic. Only 13 to 44% of students could correctly answer questions testing global surgery knowledge. Students reported multiple barriers to pursuing a career in global surgery. Belgian medical students’ global surgery knowledge and exposure is lacking despite clear interest in the field. Educating and supporting students will be essential in supporting them to take on careers in global surgery. These results advocate for the inclusion of pre-clinical global surgery seminars alongside equitable international clinical internships in formal medical education across Europe and worldwide.
Enhanced transmissibility of XBB.1.5 is contributed by both strong ACE2 binding and antibody evasion
Authors: Yue Can , Song Weiliang , Wang Lei , Jian Fanchong , Chen Xiaosu , Gao Fei , Shen Zhongyang , Wang Youchun , Wang Xiangxi , Cao Yunlong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 recombinant subvariant XBB.1.5 is growing rapidly in the United States, carrying an additional Ser486Pro substitution compared to XBB.1 and outcompeting BQ.1.1 and other XBB sublineages. The underlying mechanism for such high transmissibility remains unclear. Here we show that XBB.1.5 exhibits a substantially higher hACE2-binding affinity compared to BQ.1.1 and XBB/XBB.1. Convalescent plasma samples from BA.1, BA.5, and BF.7 breakthrough infection are significantly evaded by both XBB.1 and XBB.1.5, with XBB.1.5 displaying slightly weaker immune evasion capability than XBB.1. Evusheld and Bebtelovimab could not neutralize XBB.1/XBB.1.5, while Sotrovimab remains weakly reactive and notably, SA55 is still highly effective. The fact that XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 showed comparable antibody evasion but distinct transmissibility suggests enhanced receptor-binding affinity would indeed lead to higher growth advantages. The strong hACE2 binding of XBB.1.5 could also enable its tolerance of further immune escape mutations, which should be closely monitored.
Liver Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is Required for the Full Anorectic Effect of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide in Male Mice fed High Carbohydrate Diets
Authors: Le Thao D. V. , Fathi Payam , Watters Amanda B. , Ellis Blair J. , Bozadjieva-Kramer Nadejda , Perez Misty B. , Sullivan Andrew I. , Rose Jesse P. , Baggio Laurie L. , Koehler Jacqueline , Brown Jennifer L. , Bales Michelle B. , Nwaba Kaitlyn G. , Campbell Jonathan E. , Drucker Daniel J. , Potthoff Matthew J. , Seeley Randy J. , Ayala Julio E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) confer similar metabolic benefits. Studies report that GLP-1RA induce FGF21. Here, we investigated the mechanisms engaged by the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide to increase FGF21 levels and the metabolic relevance of liraglutide-induced FGF21. We show that liraglutide increases FGF21 levels via neuronal GLP-1R activation. We also demonstrate that lack of liverFgf21expression confers partial resistance to liraglutide-induced weight loss. Since FGF21 reduces carbohydrate intake, we tested whether the contribution of FGF21 to liraglutide-induced weight loss is dependent on dietary carbohydrate content. In control and liverFgf21knockout (LivFgf21-/-) mice fed calorically matched diets with low- (LC) or high-carbohydrate (HC) content, we found that only HC-fed LivFgf21-/-mice were resistant to liraglutide-induced weight loss. Similarly, liraglutide-induced weight loss was partially impaired in LivFgf21-/-mice fed a high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet. Lastly, we show that loss of neuronal β-klotho expression also diminishes liraglutide-induced weight loss in mice fed a HC or HFHS diet, indicating that FGF21 mediates liraglutide-induced weight loss via neuronal FGF21 action. Our findings support a novel role for a GLP-1R-FGF21 axis in regulating body weight in the presence of high dietary carbohydrate content.
Adolescent stress impairs postpartum social behavior via anterior insula-prelimbic pathway
Authors: Kin Kyohei , Francis-Oliveira Jose , Kano Shin-ichi , Niwa Minae 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdolescent stress can be a risk factor for abnormal social behavior in the postpartum period, which critically affects the safety of mothers and children. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using a newly established mouse model with optogenetics andin vivocalcium imaging, we found that adolescent psychosocial stress, combined with pregnancy and delivery, caused hypofunction of the glutamatergic pathway from the anterior insula to prelimbic cortex (AI-PrL pathway), which altered PrL neuronal activity, and in turn led to abnormal social behavior. Specifically, the AI-PrL pathway played a crucial role during recognizing the novelty of other mice by modulating “stable neurons” in PrL, which were constantly activated or inhibited by novel mice. We also observed that glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the AI-PrL pathway had a causal role in stress-induced postpartum changes. Our findings provide novel and functional insights into a cortico-cortical pathway underlying adolescent stress-induced postpartum social behavioral deficits.
Paternal morphine exposure enhances morphine self-administration and induces region-specific neural adaptations in reward-related brain regions of male offspring
Authors: Toussaint Andre B. , Ellis Alexandra S. , Bongiovanni Angela R. , Peterson Drew R. , Bavley Charlotte C. , Karbalaei Reza , Mayberry Hannah L. , Bhakta Shivam , Dressler Carmen C. , Imperio Caesar G. , Maurer John J. , Schmidt Heath D. , Chen Chongguang , Bland Kathryn , Liu-Chen Lee-Yuan , Wimmer Mathieu E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundA growing body of preclinical studies report that preconceptional experiences can have a profound and long-lasting impact on adult offspring behavior and physiology. However, less is known about paternal drug exposure and its effects on reward sensitivity in the next generation.MethodsAdult male rats self-administered morphine for 65 days; controls received saline. Sires were bred to drug-naïve dams to produce first-generation (F1) offspring. Morphine, cocaine, and nicotine self-administration were measured in adult F1 progeny. Molecular correlates of addiction-like behaviors were measured in reward-related brain regions of drug naïve F1 offspring.ResultsMale, but not female offspring produced by morphine-exposed sires exhibited dose-dependent increased morphine self-administration and increased motivation to earn morphine infusions under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. This phenotype was drug-specific as self-administration of cocaine, nicotine, and sucrose were not altered by paternal morphine history. The male offspring of morphine-exposed sires also had increased expression of mu-opioid receptors in the ventral tegmental area but not in the nucleus accumbens.ConclusionsPaternal morphine exposure increased morphine addiction-like behavioral vulnerability in male but not female progeny. This phenotype is likely driven by long-lasting neural adaptations within the reward neural brain pathways.
Different Coexisting Mpox Lineages Were Continuously Circulating in Humans Prior to 2022
Authors: Ndodo Nnaemeka , Ashcroft Jonathan , Lewandowski Kuiama , Yinka-Ogunleye Adesola , Chukwu Chimaobi , Ahmad Adama , King David , Akinpelu Afolabi , de Motes Carlos Maluquer , Ribeca Paolo , Sumner Rebecca P. , Rambaut Andrew , Chester Michael , Maishman Tom , Bamidele Oluwafemi , Mba Nwando , Babatunde Olajumoke , Aruna Olusola , Pullan Steven T. , Gannon Benedict , Brown Colin , Ihekweazu Chikwe , Adetifa Ifedayo , Ulaeto David O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe origin and hazardous potential of human mpox is obscured by a lack of genomic data between the 2018, when exportations from Nigeria were recorded, and 2022 when the global outbreak started. Here, 18 genomes from patients across southern Nigeria in 2019/20 reveal multiple lineages of Monkeypox virus have achieved sustained human-to-human transmission, co-existing in humans for several years and accumulating mutations consistent with APOBEC3 activity suggesting the virus in humans is now segregated from its natural reservoir. Remarkably, three genomes have disruptions in the A46R gene, which contributes to innate immune modulation. The data demonstrates that the A.2 lineage, multiply exported to North America since 2021 independently of the global outbreak, has persisted in Nigeria for more than two years prior to its latest exportation.One-Sentence SummaryMpox is now a human diseae evolving in humans with multiple variants taking separate paths towards adaptation, some analogous to those ofVariola
A neurotrophin functioning with a Toll regulates structural plasticity in a dopaminergic circuit
Authors: Sun Jun , Rojo-Cortés Francisca , Ulian-Benitez Suzana , Forero Manuel G. , Li Guiyi , Singh Deepanshu , Wang Xiaocui , Cachero Sebastian , Moreira Marta , Kavanagh Dean , Jefferis Gregory , Croset Vincent , Hidalgo Alicia 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTExperience shapes the brain, as neural circuits can be modified by neural stimulation or the lack of it. The molecular mechanisms underlying structural circuit plasticity and how plasticity modifies behaviour, are poorly understood. Subjective experience requires dopamine, a neuromodulator that assigns a value to stimuli, and it also controls behaviour, including locomotion, learning and memory. InDrosophila, Toll receptors are ideally placed to translate experience into structural brain change.Toll-6is expressed in dopaminergic neurons (DANs), raising the intriguing possibility that Toll-6 could regulate structural plasticity in dopaminergic circuits.Drosophilaneurotrophin-2 (DNT-2) is the ligand for Toll-6 and Kek-6, but whether it is required for circuit structural plasticity was unknown. Here, we show thatDNT-2expressing neurons connect with DANs, and they modulate each other. Loss of function forDNT-2or its receptorsToll-6and kinase-less Trk-likekek-6caused DAN and synapse loss, impaired dendrite growth and connectivity, decreased synaptic sites and caused locomotion deficits. By contrast, over-expressedDNT-2increased DAN cell number, dendrite complexity and promoted synaptogenesis. Neuronal activity modified DNT-2, it increased synaptogenesis in DNT-2-positive neurons and DANs, and over-expression of DNT-2 did too. Altering the levels of DNT-2 or Toll-6 also modified dopamine-dependent behaviours, including locomotion and long-term memory. To conclude, a feedback loop involving dopamine and DNT-2 sculpted the circuits engaged, and DNT-2 with Toll-6 and Kek-6 induced structural plasticity in this circuit modifying brain function and behaviour.
Abnormal expression of Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) and its catalytic products Ac-SDKP contributes to the ovarian fibrosis change in Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mice
Authors: Han Suo , Wang Shimeng , Fan Xiang , Wang Xiaojie , Huang Yingtong , Zhang Hongdan , Ma Yinyin , Wang Jing , Zhang Chunping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder and metabolic syndrome. Ovarian fibrosis pathological change in PCOS gradually attracted people’s attention. In this study, we constructed PCOS mice model through dehydroepiandrosterone. Sirius red staining showed that the ovarian tissues in PCOS mice had obvious fibrosis. Prolyl oligopeptidase(POP) is a serine protease and N-acetyl-Seryl-aspartyl-Lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) is its catalytic products. Studies show that abnormal expression and activity of POP and Ac-SDKP are closely related to tissue fibrosis. We found that the expression of POP and Ac-SDKP was decreased in ovaries of PCOS mice. Further studies showed that POP and Ac-SDKP promoted the expression of Matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) expression and decreased the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in granulosa cells. Hyperandrogenemia is a typical symptom of PCOS. We found that testosterone induced the low expression of POP and MMP2, and high expression of TGF-β1 in granulosa cells. POP overexpression and Ac-SDKP treatment inhibited the effect of testosterone on TGF-β1 and MMP2 in vitro and ovarian fibrosis in PCOS mice model. In conclusion, PCOS ovarian tissue showed obvious fibrosis. Low expression of POP, Ac-SDKP and changes in fibrotic factors contribute to the ovarian pathological fibrosis induced by androgen.
Support towards emergency event processing via fine-grained analysis on users' expressions
Authors: Zhou Qingqing 
Published: January 2023

PurposeWith the rapid development of social media, the occurrence and evolution of emergency events are often accompanied by massive users' expressions. The fine-grained analysis on users' expressions can provide accurate and reliable information for event processing. Hence, 2,003,814 expressions on a major malignant emergency event were mined from multiple dimensions in this paper.Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducted finer-grained analysis on users' online expressions in an emergency event. Specifically, the authors firstly selected a major emergency event as the research object and collected the event-related user expressions that lasted nearly two years to describe the dynamic evolution trend of the event. Then, users' expression preferences were identified by detecting anomic expressions, classifying sentiment tendencies and extracting topics in expressions. Finally, the authors measured the explicit and implicit impacts of different expression preferences and obtained relations between the differential expression preferences.FindingsExperimental results showed that users have both short- and long-term attention to emergency events. Their enthusiasm for discussing the event will be quickly dispelled and easily aroused. Meanwhile, most users prefer to make rational and normative expressions of events, and the expression topics are diversified. In addition, compared with anomic negative expressions, anomic expressions in positive sentiments are more common. In conclusion, the integration of multi-dimensional analysis results of users' expression preferences (including discussion heat, preference impacts and preference relations) is an effective means to support emergency event processing.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the first research to conduct in-depth and fine-grained analysis of user expression in emergencies, so as to get in-detail and multi-dimensional characteristics of users' online expressions for supporting event processing.
The real estate market in Ghana: the nexus between price and income levels
Authors: Gyadu-Asiedu William , Anewuoh Firmin , Appiadu-Boakye Kennedy 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis study aimed to identify the link between the income levels of government workers and the prices of real estate houses in Ghana to identify the prevailing mortgage gaps and to stimulate both reactive and proactive government policies backed by continuous stakeholder engagements under the new normal.Design/methodology/approachThe quantitative approach was used for this study. Two data collection methods were used to achieve the objectives of the study: the survey method, using a questionnaire to collect the primary data, and the use of documentary information as the source of secondary data. For the primary data, prices of two-bedroom and three-bedroom houses were collected. The secondary data collected were: (1) salary levels of government employees and (2) mortgage values prevailing. The three data sets were analysed and structured to identify the relationship between income levels and the prices of real estate houses within the prevailing mortgage system.FindingsIt will require a quadrupling of the salaries of only the highest income earners of government employees to afford the average price of a basic two-bedroom and three-bedroom housing in Ghana. Largely, government employees cannot afford these houses with the current price levels and the mortgage systems available. The real estate market in Ghana has not focused on lower-earning groups. The effects of the new normal resulting from the effects of Covid-19 require a paradigm change.Originality/valueThe paper established the relationship between salary levels of government employees and the process of basic accommodation types on offer in the Ghanaian market by the real estate industry: two- and three-bedroom houses. The findings will help real estate developers to consider their approach to housing designs and construction methods and the pricing to ensure that they meet the needs of the public sector workers who could form a large customer base.
Determinants of interest in eNaira and financial inclusion information in Nigeria: role of FinTech, cryptocurrency and central bank digital currency
Authors: Ozili Peterson K. 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe eNaira is the central bank digital currency of Nigeria. People who are interested in the eNaira and financial inclusion will seek information about eNaira and financial inclusion. Their interest in information about eNaira and financial inclusion will make it easier for them to adopt the eNaira and embrace other financial inclusion innovations such as FinTech and cryptocurrency. This paper investigates the determinants of interest in eNaira and financial inclusion information.Design/methodology/approachThe data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. The study also used the GMM and 2SLS regression methods for robustness.FindingsUsing interest over time data, the findings of this study reveal that interest in financial technology (FinTech) and eNaira information are significant positive determinants of interest in financial inclusion information. Also, interest in financial inclusion is a significant positive determinant of interest in eNaira information. Furthermore, interest in FinTech information has a positive and significant correlation with interest in financial inclusion information. There is also a significant positive correlation between interest in central bank digital currency information and interest in FinTech information. The implication of the findings is that interest in information about new financial innovations, such as FinTech and eNaira, can stimulate interest in information about financial inclusion.Originality/valueThe literature has not examined the determinants of interest in eNaira and financial inclusion information yet.
Weighted ensemble classifier for malicious link detection using natural language processing
Authors: A. Saleem Raja , Balasubaramanian Sundaravadivazhagan , Ganesan Pradeepa , Rajasekaran Justin , R. Karthikeyan 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The internet has completely merged into contemporary life. People are addicted to using internet services for everyday activities. Consequently, an abundance of information about people and organizations is available online, which encourages the proliferation of cybercrimes. Cybercriminals often use malicious links for large-scale cyberattacks, which are disseminated via email, SMS and social media. Recognizing malicious links online can be exceedingly challenging. The purpose of this paper is to present a strong security system that can detect malicious links in the cyberspace using natural language processing technique.

Design/methodology/approach
The researcher recommends a variety of approaches, including blacklisting and rules-based machine/deep learning, for automatically recognizing malicious links. But the approaches generally necessitate the generation of a set of features to generalize the detection process. Most of the features are generated by processing URLs and content of the web page, as well as some external features such as the ranking of the web page and domain name system information. This process of feature extraction and selection typically takes more time and demands a high level of expertise in the domain. Sometimes the generated features may not leverage the full potentials of the data set. In addition, the majority of the currently deployed systems make use of a single classifier for the classification of malicious links. However, prediction accuracy may vary widely depending on the data set and the classifier used.

Findings
To address the issue of generating feature sets, the proposed method uses natural language processing techniques (term frequency and inverse document frequency) that vectorize URLs. To build a robust system for the classification of malicious links, the proposed system implements weighted soft voting classifier, an ensemble classifier that combines predictions of base classifiers. The ability or skill of each classifier serves as the base for the weight that is assigned to it.

Originality/value
The proposed method performs better when the optimal weights are assigned. The performance of the proposed method was assessed by using two different data sets (D1 and D2) and compared performance against base machine learning classifiers and previous research results. The outcome accuracy shows that the proposed method is superior to the existing methods, offering 91.4% and 98.8% accuracy for data sets D1 and D2, respectively.