bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine-Grained Bird Image Classification Based on Counterfactual method of Vision Transformer Model
Authors: Chen Tianhua , Li Yanyue , Qiao Qinghua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Identifying bird targets, especially scarce birds, is essential to reflect the level of ecological protection and diversity. A fine-grained bird identification model with hierarchical feature fusion and counterfactual feature selection is proposed due to the problems of similar features, slight differences, and difficulty of identification among different birds. The model comprises a feature extraction network, a hierarchical feature fusion module, and a counterfactual feature selection module. The feature extractor extracts local area image features and global image features. The hierarchical feature fusion module fuses fine-grained information from the shallow layers of the network and semantic information from the current layer. The counterfactual feature enhancement module sifts out the distinguishing features fed to the classifier by counterfactual intervention. The experimental results show that the method can achieve 91.9% and 91.4% accuracy on two available datasets, CUB-200-2011 and NABirds, respectively, which is higher than the current mainstream fine-grained bird recognition algorithms and shows excellent classification performance.
Comparative Biology and Life Tables of Sugarcane Aphid Melanaphis Sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae) From Guanajuato, Mexico, at Different Temperatures
Authors: Peña-Martínez Rebeca , Lomeli-Flores J. Refugio , Bujanos-Muñiz Rafael , Salas-Monzón Raquel , Hernández-Torres Oscar Eduardo , Marín-Jarillo Antonio , Ibarra Jorge E. , Vanegas-Rico Juan Manuel , Muñoz-Viveros Ana Lilia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner, 1897) is the most important pest in sorghum crops of USA and Mexico. In northern Mexico and other regions, as Guanajuato and Morelos, reduced over 30% of the cultivated area of sorghum between 2016 and 2019. This study provides basic information that supports the Integrated Management of this insect. Research used biological material (parthenogenetic forms) from Guanajuato, Mexico; reared in foliar agar-disc of Sorghum bicolor VAR. UPM-219, at bioclimatic chamber under different temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C. The highest mortalities occurred in extremes temperatures: 5°C (35%), 35°C (45%) and 40°C (100%). At low temperature (5°C) there was no reproduction and the pre-reproductive period continued 62.5 days, allowing the insects to survive on average 88.2 days. At the highest temperature (40°C), nymph 1 died in 0.9 days. While at 20°C, M. sacchari produced a supernumerary N5 stage that prolonged the development to 7.1 days. The longest reproductive period was 33.2 days (0.6 nymphs/day) to 10°C, in contrast to 4.1 days (0.4 nymphs/day) to 35°C; the longest post-reproductive period (22.4 days) was obtained at 10°C and the smallest (4.2 days) at 35°C. Highest average fertility (79.06 nymphs) was reached at 25°C. Theoretical thermal thresholds was 2.0° and 40°C; and the heat units t required for each generation were 158.9. Population parameters show that 25°C is the optimal temperature for this aphid Ro (79.06) and Rm (0.44) T (10.01) DT (1.59 and λ (1.55).
Identification of key genes associated with breast cancer radiotherapy sensitivity based on the stromal-immune score and analysis of the WGCNA and ceRNA network
Authors: Sun Xiaoyue , Wu Chihua , Zhang Shengwei , Zhao Xinchen , Wang Xiaoshan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly malignant disease worldwide. Among the numerous treatment options for breast cancer, radiotherapy is one of the commonly used treatments, while there is currently no sufficient molecular biomarkers to predict prognosis and guide its application. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important factor affecting tumor biological function, and changes in its composition are equally relevant to tumor progression and prognosis during radiotherapy. Here, we performed bioinformatic analyses using data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to screen for molecular biomarkers related to TME that may influence radiotherapy sensitivity. By combining immune scores and stromal scores calculated as well as performing weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified key modules and hub genes to construct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that genes of the PI3K-AKT pathway in the blue module were significantly enriched. Among hub genes in the blue module, we further found that the expression levels of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL6A3, THBS2 and PDGFRB were negatively associated with radiotherapy sensitivity. These findings may provide new insights into the mechanisms of radiotherapy sensitivity in breast cancer patients, offering hope for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
The recombinome of IKZF1 deletions in B-ALL
Authors: Lopes Bruno , Meyer Claus , Bouzada Heloysa , Külp Marius , Maciel Ana Luiza , Larghero Patrizia , Barbosa Thayana , Poubel Caroline , Blunck Caroline , Venn Nicola , Dalla-Pozza Luciano , Barbaric Draga , Palmi Chiara , Fazio Grazia , Saitta Claudia , Aguiar Thais , Lins Mecneide , Ikoma-Colturato Maura , Schramm Marcia , Chapchap Eduardo , Cazzaniga Giovanni , Sutton Rosemary , Marschalek Rolf , Emerenciano Mariana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
IKZF1 deletions are associated with an increased risk of relapse in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), and their accurate detection has great clinical impact. Here, we included four international cohorts of pediatric and adult patients with B-ALL, and reviewed literature to illustrate the recombination map of IKZF1 deletions, with a focus at non-recurrent deletions. We provide a substantial basis for the improvement of diagnostic methods based on MLPA and multiplex PCR for the identification of IKZF1 deletions, and also demonstrate that rare IKZF1 deletions increase the incidence of relapse in these patients. Of note, non-recurrent deletions comprised a wide range of alterations, but the majority were Δ1 and Δ1–3. They were often associated with reciprocal IKZF1 fusions. So far, a total of 23 IKZF1 gene fusions were identified in B-ALL. We also verified the occurrence of the heptamer sequence (E-value: 9.9 x 10− 9) and an enrichment of GC nucleotides (71% versus 56%; P value = 4.9 x 10− 3) exclusively within breakpoint clusters, suggesting that RAG recombination and TdT activity may promote the majority of IKZF1 deletions, although rare types of alterations may be associated with other molecular mechanism of leukemogenesis, such as microhomology-mediated end joining.
Selection of Representative General Circulation Models Under Climatic Uncertainty for Western North America
Authors: Mahjour Seyed Kourosh , Liguori Giovanni , Faroughi Salah A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Studies on the impacts of climate change rely on the global projections of the future climate made by General Circulation Models (GCMs). Despite the availability of a growing number of climate model outputs and the continual development of their process representations, considerable uncertainty cannot be eliminated from their future climate projections. This circumstance, combined with other variables, e.g., time and computing limitations, necessitates the selection of appropriate representative GCM-runs (RGCM-runs), reflecting the past and projected future climate, to assess the effects of climate change on different infrastructures. This study is undertaken to select RGCM-runs for Western North America (WNA) based on their ability to simulate past climates between 1981 and 2005 and climatic changes between two 30-year periods, 2071–2100 and 1981–2010, under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. GCMs and their various runs are independently treated as standalone potentials in the selection process, and the initial pool (i.e., full-set) for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 include 105 and 77 GCM-runs, respectively. We examine GCM-runs reduction by evaluating RGCM-runs performance on three criteria: (i) capturing changes in the climatology of monthly mean precipitation and air temperature, (ii) capturing changes in the monthly mean extreme indices, and (iii) matching the historical and reference datasets (i.e., history matching). For the first two criteria, we employ an envelope-based selection technique, and for the last criterion, gleaning the final RGCM-runs, we present a multi-objective distance-based approach comparing the GCM-runs to reference data sets (i.e., monthly average of temperature and precipitation). This framework selects four RGCM-runs for each RCP to represent the full-set and capture the full range of climatic conditions, including wet-warm, wet-cold, dry-warm, and dry-cold scenarios, which represent the extremes of the climatic spectrum. The results demonstrate that the RGCM-runs can simulate previous climatic conditions and projected changes in key climate variables in WNA, such as temperature and precipitation. This indicates that the selected RGCM-runs are suitable for conducting climate impact assessments and developing adaptation plans for the WNA region.
On the properties of multivariate isotropic random fields on the ball
Authors: Cleanthous Galatia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We consider multivariate isotropic random fields on the ball Bd. We first study their regularity properties in terms of Sobolev spaces. We further derive conditions guaranteeing the Hölder continuity of their covariance kernels and we prove the existence of sample Hölder continuous modifications for Gaussian random fields. Furthermore, we measure the error of truncated approximations of the corresponding series' representations. Moreover our developments are supported by numerical experiments. The majority of our results are new for multivariate random fields indexed over other domains, too. We express some of them for the case of the sphere.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 60G60; Secondary 62G05, 43A75, 42B35.
Characteristics and whole-genome analysis of a novel Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato bacteriophage D6 isolated from a karst cave
Authors: Wu Qingshan , An Ni , Fang Zheng , Li Shixia , Xiang Lan , Liu Qiuping , Tan Leitao , Weng Qingbei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae is a gram-negative plant pathogen that generally infects plants such as tomato and threatens global crop production. In this study, a novel lytic phage (named Pseudomonas phage D6) infecting P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was isolated from the karst cave sediments and characterized. The latent period of phage D6 was shown to be 60 min, and the burst size was 16 plaque forming units/cell. Phage D6 was stable at 30 − 40°C and lost infectivity after heated to 70°C. The infectivity of phage D6 was unaffected at pH 6 − 10, but was inactivated at pH ≤ 5 or ≥ 12. The genome of phage D6 is a linear double-stranded DNA of 307,402 bp with a G + C content of 48.43%. It showed low similarity to known phage genomes in the GenBank database and Viral sequence database. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that phage D6 is a newly discovered phage. A total of 410 open reading frames (ORFs) and 14 tRNAs were predicted in the genome, 92 of which encode for proteins with predicted functions. In conclusion, the lytic phage D6 identified in this study belongs to a novel phage of the class Caudoviricetes, and has potential application in biological control of plant diseases.
Assessment of Morphometric Characteristics of Gojeb watershed, Omo-Gibe Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekuria Eyasu Tafese 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work, morphological features and basin characteristics of the Gojeb watershed, Omo-Gibe Basin, were identified and analyzed using GIS and image processing techniques. Watershed delineation and analysis of morphological features based on Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM data were performed using GIS hydrology tools. This study also assesses the sub-basins' morphometric metrics, such as area, perimeter, stream frequency, maximum width and length, drainage density, and stream orders, as well as their geometric characteristics. The results led to delineate nine sub-watershed with nine stream orders, the drainage density of these sub-basins are ringing between 0.75 to 0.99 km/km2. Stream orders were calculated, The outcomes allowed for the delineation of nine sub-watersheds with nine stream orders, having a drainage density of between 0.75 and 0.99 km2/km2. There are 1763 streams with a length of 941.26 km as the first order, 503 streams with a length of 307.09 km as the second order, 3755 streams with a total length of 1128.46 km as the third order, 1144 streams with a total length of 696.56 km as the fourth-order streams, and 519 streams with a total length of 425.86 km as the fifth order, 1284 streams with a length of 796.66 km as the sixth, 615 with a total length 429.69 km as seventh order, 873 with a total length 529.72 km as eighth-order streams, and 985 with a total length 708.38 km as ninth order. The stream length is greatest in the third order, and it gets shorter as the stream order gets higher. This finding may be helpful to regional planners and national decision-makers for agricultural and water management policies.
“We Can Tell Them, But Not Right Now!” - Hiv Status Disclosure and Related Factors Among Children Aged 6-14 Years Living with Hiv in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
Authors: Msoka Perry Cyril , Mtesha Benson A. , Masika Lyidia , Maro Rehema , Swai Iraseni , Emmanuel Naomi , Ngowi Kennedy , Boer Marion Sumari-de 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: In Tanzania, disclosure of HIV status to children remains a challenge despite the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation that children should be informed about their HIV status between the ages of 6 to 12 years. This study aims to determine HIV status disclosure and related factors among children living with HIV in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.
Method: A cross-sectional study using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design was conducted from September 2021 to February 2022 among children aged 6-14 years receiving HIV care. Semi-structured questionnaires were collected from caregivers of undisclosed children, including socio-demographic data and reasons for non-disclosure. Additionally, we interviewed 20 caregivers of children in-depth who had disclosed and not disclosed the status to their children; we also interviewed children whose HIV status had been disclosed, followed by a focus group discussion. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with HIV status disclosure. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. We did thematic content analysis for qualitative data.
Results: 121 children and their parents or caregivers were included in the analysis and 51(42%) knew about their HIV status. 31%(n=38) of children were between the ages 6-8 and among them, 33(87%) did not know about their status. Thirty-nine percent (n=47) of children were between the ages of 9-11; 32(68%) did not know about their status. 30% (n=36) of the children were above 12 years old, and 5(14%) did not know their status. 60 children were girls (49.5%); the majority (n=75;62%) lived with their biological parents; 112 children had primary education (93%); and 94 (78%) children attended referral hospitals for ART services. Moreover, 86(71%) of the children had caregivers who had been interviewed. In the final multivariate model, children aged above 12 years (OR= 30; 95%; Cl= 7.2-124); children aged 9-11(OR=2.7;95%; CI= 0.8-9.0) and having a treatment supporter (OR=2.9; 95%CI=1.0-8.2) were significantly associated with HIV status disclosure to their children compared to their counterparts respectively. Through IDI, we revealed the following themes: (1) HIV disclosure challenges and reasons not to disclose the status, (2) the process of the disclosure, and (3) the Importance of disclosure.
Conclusion: HIV status disclosure to children living with HIV in Kilimanjaro region was associated with age above 12 years and having a treatment supporter, unlike the WHO recommendation. Therefore, health facilities should introduce new strategies to ensure children know their HIV status.
Optimal Profile for a Fin of Constant Cross Section With Modelation of the Thermophysical Properties
Authors: Camaraza-Medina yanan , hernandez-Guerrero abel , Luviano-Ortiz Jose L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The dependence of the temperature and composition on thermal conductivity of steel, and its influence in the optimal profile for a fin of constant cross section to be used in air cooled condenser is presented. In Air Cooled Condensers (ACC), air is used as refrigerant, which forces the need for fins to improve the heat transfer process leading to appreciable increments in the costs of the installation. Therefore, developing better fins profile will allow optimizing the operation, maximizing the heat transfer and minimizing the manufacturing cost of the fins. To this objective, in the present paper, three geometric parameters, thickness, height and surface of heat transfer of the fin, this parameters influence directly the optimal obtained profile for conditions of maximum heat flux and optimal Biot number. The study was accomplished for fins of constant cross section. In a future work, fins of variable cross sections will be considered.
Associations of “Life’s Essential 8” cardiovascular health with dementia risk, cognition, and neuroimaging markers of brain health
Authors: Zhou Rui , Wu Xian-Bo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Importance:The American Heart Association (AHA)’s Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score, a recently updated metric for promoting cardiovascular health (CVH), has addressed the limitations of the original metrics (Life’s Simple 7) and is able to quantify CVH.
Objective:To evaluate the associations of LE8 score with the risk of incident dementia and its subtypes, cognition, and neuroimaging outcomes and to determine whether these associations differ among apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 genotypes.
Design, Setting, and Participants:UK Biobank participants without prior cardiovascular disease nor dementia at baseline (2006–2010) were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Data analysis was conducted from December 20, 2022, to February 15, 2023.
Exposures:A modified version of the LE8 score was created (range: 0–100) and categorized into poor (0–49), intermediate (50–79), and optimal (80–100) CVH.
Main Outcomes and Measures:The outcomes included incident dementia (all-cause, vascular [VaD], and Alzheimer’s disease ascertained through hospital inpatient and death records), cognitive test scores (fluid intelligence and numeric memory), and neuroimaging markers (total brain volume [BV], white matter hyperintensity [WMH], and hippocampal volume). Adjusted Cox proportional hazard and multivariable linear regression models were used.
Results: A subsample of 316,669 participants (mean [SD] age, 56.3 [8.1] years) were included. Higher LE8 scores were associated with reduced risk of all-cause dementia and VaD, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) in the optimal CVH versus the poor CVH group were 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.64) and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.22–0.38), respectively. A 10-point increment in LE8 was associated with higher fluid intelligence (β, 0.088; 95% CI, 0.073–0.102) and numeric memory (β, 0.054; 95% CI, 0.043–0.065), and was also associated with lower WMH volume (β, −0.673; 95% CI, from −0.751 to −0.596) and larger BV (β, 77.93; 95% CI, 62.03–93.84) and hippocampal volume (β, 0.197; 95% CI, 0.106–0.288). These associations were more evident in APOE-ε4 noncarriers.
Conclusions and Relevance: Individuals with a higher LE8 score experienced less dementia events (driven especially by incident VaD) and were associated with better neurocognitive brain health profiles. CVH optimization may be beneficial to the maintenance of brain health.
How hospitals response to disasters; a conceptual deep reinforcement learning approach
Authors: Mirbakhsh Ardeshir 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
During a disaster the requests for using ambulance services increases. Efficient assignment of the ambulances leads to lowering the patients' travel time. Simulating these environments is very complex and needs a solid framework. This paper uses a Deep Reinforcement Learning approach to better schedule ambulance dispatch problem during those disasters. The concept of a call and assignment of ambulances are illustrated and the elements of states, rewards, and actions in the formulations are described. The algorithm steps for solving this problem are also presented. This paper can help disaster planners to have a better idea for better scheduling ambulances.
Purification capacity of natural biofilms and their physiochemical and biological properties: a case study in the Jishan River, a heavily polluted river
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhu Xianbin , Xi Wenxiang , Pan Hongzhong , Yao Huaming , Du Yueling 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Natural biofilms, which are widely distributed in various aquatic environments, can not only serve as bioindicators of various anthropogenic contaminants but also participate in the purification and degradation of various pollutants. However, the inherent purification capacity of natural biofilms and their physiochemical and biological properties are still poorly understood. In this study, outdoor sampling and indoor experiments were used to explore the purification abilities of natural biofilms. The physiochemical and biological properties of natural biofilms were further investigated to reveal their purification mechanism. The results demonstrated that natural biofilms had an excellent purification effect on heavily polluted water. Indoor experiments showed that the purification capacity of natural biofilms was dominated by microbial biodegradation rather than physical biosorption, and after 14.0 days of incubation, the removal rates of COD, TP, NH4+-N, and NO3--N could reach 93.6, 80.83, 85.93, and 81.03%, respectively. The SEM, FTIR spectra, and component analyses revealed that natural biofilms were mainly composed of polysaccharides and proteins. The dominant phyla in the bacterial community structure were Campilobacterota, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Desulfobacterota, and the major phyla in the fungal community structure were Chytridiomycota and Ascomycota. These microorganisms might be the main degraders of riverine pollutants.