bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neglected Applications of Monolithic Structures: The Beginnings of Planar Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection
Authors: Švec František 
Published: May 2023

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) has been first reported by N. A. Izmailov and M. S. Schreiber in the late 1930s. The liquid mobile phase usually moves in pores of a layer supported by a rigid plate placed vertically in a simple container, e.g., a beaker. The flow is driven by capillary forces in the pores only and no sophisticated instrumentation is required. The individual components of the mixture are separated based on differences in their affinity for the solid stationary and the liquid mobile phases. The typical format of the stationary phase represents a thin layer coated on a glass, aluminium, or plastic plate. The porous sorbents can be silicon dioxide (silica), aluminium oxide (alumina), and cellulose, held together, e.g., with gypsum. The main advantages of TLC are the ease of carrying out the separations, which can also take place in parallel lines on the same plate, simple equipment, stationary phase for single use, static detection, and the possibility of archiving the separation result in a dried layer. However, the typical 100–250 μm thick layers are not well suited for combination of TLC with mass spectrometry (MS). This has led to the commercialization of ultrathin 10 μm thick monolithic silica layers. Unfortunately, their production was soon discontinued. Alternative solutions to that problem originated from the academic environment. In one approach, the layers were formed from nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. Alternatively, the layers were porous monolithic polymers produced by polymerization in situ and a variety of separations of both small and large molecules was demonstrated. The use of MS detection then enabled determination of molecular mass of the compounds in the separated spots. Although preparation of the thin monolithic layers originally appeared straightforward, some unexpected problems had to be solved. This review details issues related to the history of the monolithic TLC and presents approaches leading to well behaving layers suitable for the desired separations.
KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN SIFAT KIMIA KANDUNGAN PATI TEPUNG JAGUNG BERDASARKAN VARIASI METODE PENGOLAHAN
Authors: Nurwahidah Andi 
Published: May 2023

Pati merupakan kandungan penting pada tepung jagung selain kandungan kimia lainnya. Penentuan kandungan pati tepung jagung berdasarkan variasi metode pengolahan didapatkan dari perbandingan hasil terbaik dari dua penelitian. Artikel ini betujuan untuk membandingkan kandungan pati tepung jagung dari variasi metode pengolahan. Metode yang digunakan yakni metode review jurnal dengan mengkaji dua jurnal penelitian dan membandingkan hasil terbaik melalui metode yang digunakan masing-masing. Hasil kajian dari hasil terbaik dari dua penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan pati tertinggi yakni tepung jagung yang dihasilkan dengan metode fermentasi menggunakan Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan lama perendaman 80 jam. Kandungan pati yang diperoleh yakni 80.4%. Dibandingkan dengan metode spontan (menggunakan air) dengan lama perendaman 60 jam sebagai kontrol, menghasilkan kandungan pati sebanyak 75.43%. Dan metode fermentasi menggunakan ragi selama 12 jam dan perendaman Na2S2O4 selama 36 jam sebanyak 72.7%.
Propostas didáticas para a educação infantil: a tríade brincadeira, criatividade e linguagem
Authors: Borges Martins Débora , Rodrigues Adriana 
Published: May 2023

O presente texto é fruto de uma pesquisa de Mestrado em Educação da Universidade de Uberaba (Uniube) vinculado à linha de pesquisa Desenvolvimento Profissional, Trabalho Docente e Processo de Ensino-Aprendizagem. Buscamos, por meio da pesquisa, defender um espaço de Educação Infantil com propostas didáticas que levem em consideração: a brincadeira, a criatividade e a linguagem. Ao aprofundarmos na temática, compreendemos que é preciso romper com a dualidade do vir a ser e do assistencialismo, reconhecendo a criança como “sujeito de direitos”, considerando as suas condições e as particularidades do psiquismo. Desta maneira, o presente texto tem como objetivo evidenciar a importância da brincadeira, da linguagem e da criatividade no contexto da Educação Infantil, com aporte teórico da perspectiva Histórico-Cultural. A pesquisa bibliográfica e documental buscou, por meio de fichamentos de leituras, organizar quadros, tabelas, resumos, anotações pessoais e assim estabelecer relações entre a tríade: linguagem, brincadeira, criatividade e contribuir com propostas didáticas para a Educação Infantil considerando a legislação vigente. Concluimos que os princípios da Teoria Histórico-Cultural contribuem para uma prática intencional que valoriza a infância em suas diferentes linguagens, reconhecendo uma ação intervencionista e o respeito às singularidades.
Guerra de Malvinas: contrainsurgencia, desprofesionalización defensiva y derechos humanos
Authors: Winer Sonia , Guerrero Iraola Jerónimo 
Published: May 2023

El artículo analiza los efectos del adoctrinamiento en guerra revolucionaria y doctrina de seguridad nacional a partir de la guerra de Malvinas, poniendo el foco en las consecuencias de la introducción de la hipótesis “ideológica” de conflicto y en la división mundial de roles y funciones asignadas a las Fuerzas Armadas por las potencias imperiales durante la bipolaridad. En esta línea, aborda dos aspectos o dimensiones de las mismas vinculadas entre sí: por un lado, respecto de la desprofesionalización de la defensa argentina y de su impericia para cuidar soberanía; por el otro, en materia de la vulneración de derechos humanos y prácticas de tortura sobre soldados conscriptos producidas durante el conflicto bélico ocurrido en el Atlántico Sur.
Artificial intelligence in endodontics: relevant trends and practical perspectives
Authors: Goncharuk-Khomyn Myroslav , Noenko Igor , Leite Cavalcanti Alessandro , Adigüzel Özkan , Dubnov Artem 
Published: May 2023

Background. Overall pool of studies regarding artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in dentistry is increasing every year, while possibilities for using AI methods within everyday endodontic practice is still quite confined and not always enough affirmed.
Objective. To systematize and depict principal data regarding use of virtual artificial intelligence for various endodontic-related clinical purposes.
Materials and Methods. Targeted literature search was provided within National Center for Biotechnology Information databases using pre-specified Mesh-terms algorithm. The following information was extracted from each publication during content analysis: diagnostic and treatment planning aspects of endodontic practice for which AI methods could be applied; accuracy levels registered for AI models used for different endodontic-related purposes; limitations of using AI within endodontic practice.
Results. AI features could be used in endodontic practice for the following reasons: analysis of root canal morphology, identification of root fractures, verification of periapical lesions, estimation of root canal working length, root canal treatment planning, prediction of pain development during post-treatment period, predication of endodontic interventions success. The most prevalently used artificial intelligence methods for different endodontic diagnostic and treatment planning objectives were the following: convolutional neural network, artificial neurons network, case-based reasoning, deep learning, machine learning, neuro-fuzzy inference system, probabilistic neural network.
Conclusion. Main advantage of using AI models in endodontic practice associated with improvement of diagnostic accuracy within reduced amount of time needed for X-ray images and clinical data analysis. AI application for apical foramen detection and working length determination demonstrates the highest level of accuracy compared to AI performance for other clinically related objectives in endodontics.
Bíblia e cinema: estrutura de narrativas bíblicas de chamado e comissionamento em Os Irmãos Cara de Pau, de John Landis
Authors: Caldas Filho Carlos Ribeiro , Dolghie Jacqueline Ziroldo 
Published: May 2023

O presente artigo pretende aplicar para a interpretação do filme Os Irmãos Cara de Pau (The Blues Brothers, 1980), de John Landis, o que o crítico literário canadense Northrop Frye afirmou em relação à Bíblia como sendo o “grande código” da arte. A premissa básica do artigo é que o filme de Landis segue a estrutura básica de três narrativas bíblicas (Êxodo 3.1-10, Isaías 6.1-8 e Atos dos Apóstolos 9.1-15) nas quais há uma manifestação do sagrado, seguida de um comissionamento para uma missão. O artigo apresenta algumas considerações sobre a relação entre cinema e Bíblia, seguidas de uma apresentação do filme propriamente. Depois disso, comenta-se sobre três narrativas bíblicas de chamado e comissionamento, que entendemos fornecem a linha narrativa seguida pelo filme. Como base teórica, o artigo trabalhou principalmente com a ideia de sagrado selvagem, de Roger Bastide, e do elemento indizível do sagrado, a partir de Rudolf Otto.
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Krasniqi Tringa 
Published: May 2023

<p><span>Teachers have spent a lot of time researching the best and most accurate ways to evaluate pupils since there are so many different ways to assess tasks and because doing so can have an impact on the students. According to Heydarnejad, Tagavipour, Patra, and Farid Khafaga (2022) only a few empirical studies have attempted to determine how performance-based assessment (PBA) can affect reading comprehension (RCA), academic motivation (AM), foreign language anxiety (FLA), and students’ self-efficacy despite the significant role that PBA plays in influencing second language learning processes (SS-E). </span></p><p><span><strong><span>Keywords: </span></strong><span>RCA, AM, FLA, PBA, SS-E, curriculum, morphology, teaching, assessment, etc.</span></span></p>
Fabrication of Glass‐Ceramic 3D Micro‐Optics by Combining Laser Lithography and Calcination
Authors: Balčas Giedrius , Malinauskas Mangirdas , Farsari Maria , Juodkazis Saulius 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis perspective is an overview of a recent direction in optical 3D printing, where polymerization of crosslinkable materials and nanomaterial fillers can be guided to the final structures and new composites via high temperature annealing (HTA). Defining 3D nano/micro‐structures by ultrafast laser direct writing and tailoring their precursor composition with subsequent tunability of the final properties during 750–1500 °C HTA step takes place at the large surface‐to‐volume ratio conditions favoring efficient pyrolysis and calcination, which are required for exchange of chemical materials/gases between glass/ceramic phase and surrounding. Previously, unexplored inorganic material formation conditions in terms of fast thermal quenching, composition mixing and surface tension guided formation can be harnessed by glass making for creation of new materials endowed with preferable technical properties. An immediate application perspective for a high durability, integrated, and active 3D micro‐optics is foreseen.
Biodegradable Shape‐Memory Ionogels as Green and Adaptive Wearable Electronics Toward Physical Rehabilitation
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Huang Jinhui , Jing Shirong , Xie Hui , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRehabilitation is necessary for the recovery of patients with paralysis caused by stroke and muscle atrophy. Wearable electronics can provide feedback on physical training and facilitate healthcare. However, most existing wearable electronics are difficult to maintain a conformal skin‐device interface. Additionally, the use of non‐degradable electronic materials is associated with environmental risks. Herein, ionogels with biodegradation and shape‐memory properties as eco‐friendly and geometry‐adaptive wearable electronics for rehabilitation are proposed. The biodegradation is enabled by incorporating polycaprolactone segments into the ionogel matrix. Moreover, the ionogel‐based wearable electronics can be conformal to certain joints by shape programming, and provide stable and reproducible real‐time signals reflecting joint movements during long‐term rehabilitation training assisted by a robotic glove, facilitating carers to assess rehabilitation efficacy and choose an appropriate scheme. This study demonstrates the potential of biodegradable shape‐memory ionogels as green and adaptive wearable electronics for robot‐assisted rehabilitation.
Versatile Ion‐Gel Fibrous Membrane for Energy‐Harvesting Iontronic Skin
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhao Chunlin , Xiong Yao , Yang Jiahong , Jiao Haishuang , Zhang Qian , Cao Ran , Wang Zhong Lin , Sun Qijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeveloping versatile and high sensitivity sensors is beneficial for promoting flexible electronic devices and human‐machine interactive systems. Researchers are working on the exploration of various active sensing materials toward broad detection, multifunction, and low‐power consumption. Here, a versatile ion‐gel fibrous membrane is presented by electrospinning technology and utilized to construct capacitive sensors and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The iontronic capacitive sensor exhibits inherently favorable sensitivity and repeatability, which retains long‐term stability after 5000 cycles. The capacitive sensor can also detect a clear pulse waveform at the human wrist and enable the mapping of pressure distribution by a capacitive sensory matrix. For the iontronic TENG, the maximum peak power is 54.56 µW and can be used to power commercial electronics. In addition, the prepared iontronic TENG array can achieve interactive, rapidly responsive, and accurate dynamic monitoring, which broadens the exploration to direct and effective sensory devices. The versatile ion‐gel fibrous membrane is promising to provide an outstanding approach for physiological detection, biomechanical energy harvesting, human‐machine interaction, and self‐powered monitoring systems.
Strong and Broadband Pure Optical Activity in 3D Printed THz Chiral Metamaterials
Authors: Katsantonis Ioannis , Manousidaki Maria , Koulouklidis Anastasios D. , Daskalaki Christina , Spanos Ioannis , Kerantzopoulos Constantinos , Tasolamprou Anna C. , Soukoulis Costas M. , Economou Eleftherios N. , Tzortzakis Stelios , Farsari Maria , Kafesaki Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOptical activity (polarization rotation of light) is one of the most desired features of chiral media, as it is important for many polarization‐related applications. However, in the THz region, chiral media with strong optical activity are not available in nature. Here, a chiral metamaterial (CMM) structure composed of pairs of vertical U‐shape resonators of “twisted” arms is studied, and it is revealed that it demonstrates large pure optical activity (i.e., optical activity associated with negligible transmitted wave ellipticity) in the low THz regime. The experimental data show polarization rotation up to 25° for an unmatched bandwidth of 1 THz (relative bandwidth 80%), from a 130 µm‐thickness structure, while theoretical optimizations show that the rotation can reach 45°. The enhanced chiral response of the structure is analyzed through an equivalent RLC circuit model, which also provides simple optimization rules for the enhancement of its chiral response. The proposed chiral design allows for easy fabrication via direct laser writing (DLW) and electroless metal plating, making the associated structures suitable candidates for polarization control applications.
Chitosan/multilayered MXene Nanocomposites Loaded in 3D Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Networks for Seawater Desalination with Highly Efficient Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Jin Yang , He Yujian , Wang Hen , Li Shaoxiang , Liu Jingquan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSunlight, as one of the inexhaustible green energy sources, is attracting rising attention, particularly with the rapid depletion of traditional fossil fuels nowadays. Chitosan (CHT) is an abundant natural product that can be converted into N‐doped porous carbon which has a strong light absorption ability. Herein, chitosan is employed with the accordion‐like multilayered mMXene (mMXene) to fabricate the 3D thermally insulated and low‐cost composites using melamine foam (MF) as a template. The obtained MF/CHT/mMXene (MCM) composites with different mass ratios of mMXene/chitosan are then subject to a simple annealing treatment at 500 °C for 2 h to afford 3D and self‐floating carbonized carbonized MF/CHT/mMXene (CMCM) composites. The CMCM‐1 obtained with mass ratio of CHT/mMXene at 1:1 displays low thermal conductivity, high hydrophilicity, and good light absorbance. When it is utilized as the evaporator of pure water and seawater, its evaporation rates can reach at 1.554 and 1.428 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 kW m−2 irradiation and the photothermal conversion efficiency can reach at 89.8%. In addition, the CMCM‐1 composite also displays excellent desalination ability, self‐desalination ability, good cycle stability, and reliable safety performance. Combining these advantages, CMCM‐1 composite may have potential practical applications for seawater evaporation and wastewater treatment, etc.
Localization of a Medial Temporal Lobe—Precuneus Network for Time Orientation
Authors: Skye Jax , Bruss Joel , Herbet Guillaume , Tranel Daniel , Boes Aaron D. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTime orientation is a fundamental cognitive process in which one's personal sense of time is matched with a universal reference. Time orientation is commonly assessed through mental status examination, yet its neural correlates remain unclear. Large lesions have been associated with deficits in time orientation, but the regional anatomy implicated in time disorientation is not well established. The current study investigates the anatomy of time disorientation and its network correlates in patients with focal brain lesions.MethodsTime orientation was assessed 3 months or more after lesion onset using the Benton Temporal Orientation Test (BTOT) in 550 patients with acquired, focal brain lesions, 39 of whom were impaired. Multivariate lesion‐symptom mapping and lesion network mapping were used to evaluate the anatomy and networks associated with time disorientation. Performance on a variety of neuropsychological tests was compared between the time oriented and time disoriented group.ResultsLesion‐symptom mapping showed that lesions of the precuneus, medial temporal lobes (MTL), and occipito‐temporal cortex were associated with time disorientation (r = 0.264, p < 0.001). Lesion network mapping using normative connectome data demonstrated that these regional findings occurred along a network that includes white and gray matter connecting the precuneus and MTL. There was a strong behavioral and anatomical association of time disorientation with memory impairment, such that the 2 processes could not be fully disentangled.InterpretationWe interpret these findings as novel evidence for a network involving the precuneus and the medial temporal lobe in supporting time orientation. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:421–433
Phase Transition‐Promoted Rapid Photomechanical Motions of Single Crystals of a Triene Coordination Polymer
Authors: Cao Chen , Xue Xin‐Ran , Li Qiu‐Yi , Zhang Min‐Jie , Abrahams Brendan F. , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMolecular crystals with the ability to transform light energy into macroscopic mechanical motions are a promising class of materials with potential applications in actuating and photonic devices. In regard to such materials, coordination polymers that exhibit dynamic photomechanical motion, associated with a phase transition, are unknown. Herein, we report an intriguing photoactive, one‐dimensional ZnII coordination polymer, 1, derived from 1,3,5‐tri‐4‐pyridyl‐1,2‐ethenylbenzene and 3,5‐difluorobenzoate. Single crystals of 1 under UV light irradiation exhibit rapid shrinking and bending, violent bursting‐jumping, splitting, and cracking behavior. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and 1H NMR spectroscopy reveal an unusual photoinduced phase transition involving a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal [2+2] cycloaddition reaction that results in photomechanical responses. Interestingly, crystals of 1, which are triclinic with space group
, are transformed into a higher symmetry, monoclinic cell with space group C2/c. This process represents a rare example of symmetry enhancement upon photoirradiation. The photomechanical activity is likely due to the sudden release of stress associated with strained molecular geometries and significant solid‐state molecular movement arising from cleavage and formation of chemical bonds. A composite membrane fabricated from 1 and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) also displays interesting photomechanical behavior under UV light illumination, indicating the material's potential as a photoactuator.
Sustainable and greener coatings produced from accelerator‐ and sulfur‐free polyurethane dispersion/carboxylated nitrile butadiene latex blends
Authors: Gan Ivy , Chow W. S. , Khoo S. H. , Shafiq M. D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study is aimed at producing polyurethane dispersion (PUD)/carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) blends without using accelerators and sulfur. The PUD/XNBR (at blending ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40) was prepared using coagulation and latex dipping technology. The result demonstrated that increasing XNBR in the PUD/XNBR blends increased the zeta potential of the blends up to −71.8 mV. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies show hydrogen interaction bonding exists between XNBR and PUD, which significantly impacts the degree of phase mixing, degree of phase separation and relative change of hard segment separation of the PUD. The surface energy of the PUD blend is reduced from 34.68 ± 0.23 to 22.28 ± 0.63 mJ−2 with increasing XNBR loading. The presence of XNBR had increased the polar component of the surface energy, but a further increase of the XNBR amount to more than 20% had reduced the tensile strength. Overall, loading 20% of XNBR (PUD80) showed the best performance by having an improvement in tensile strength compared to pristine PUD.
On the computation of the robust viability kernel for switched systems
Authors: Zhao Na , Gao Yan , Lv Jianfeng , Tang Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an algorithm of computing the robust viability kernel for discrete‐time switched systems with arbitrary switching rule and bounded disturbance based on the robust one‐step set and Pontryagin difference. The algorithm can be implemented by performing the relevant set computations using polyhedral algebra and computational geometry software when switched systems are linear. In addition, we propose a method of computing inner approximation of the robust viability kernel for switched systems based on the set theory. The convergence of the iterative algorithm is proved using a null controllable set. Finally, two examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.