bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunologic Studies of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Japan
Authors: Buescher Edward L. , Scherer William F. , Grossberg Sidney E. , Chanock Robert M. , Van Philpot Buren 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The antibody response patterns of 99 patients with proved or presumed JE have been studied. Neutralizing and HI antibodies were found to appear early in the course of disease. Although maximal amounts of neutralizing antibody were generally attained by the first week after onset of symptoms, HI antibody tended to increase through the third post onset week. CF antibody, on the other hand, was not commonly detected in the first two weeks of disease, and was not uniformly demonstrable in all patients. When present, significant increases in CF antibody were commonly demonstrated after the third week of disease. The significance of the dissociation in time of appearance of these antibody types, with particular reference to the practical problems of laboratory diagnosis of JE, is discussed. For routine diagnosis both CF and HI tests should be performed. The former is of greatest value when the initial serum is obtained relatively late after onset of disease. When this initial specimen is obtained within the first week of disease, the HI test provides the most rapid diagnosis. The neutralization test is of little diagnostic value because significant increases in titer are rarely demonstrable, and the test is time-consuming and expensive. The residual neutralizing antibody 5 years after overt infection with JE was found to be the same titer as that observed at the time of infection. CF antibody, although not detectable after 5 years in the majority of individuals, still was present in approximately 25% of persons studied. HI antibody for the most part remained detectable, though the range of titers was lower than that seen immediately after infection.
Effect of Active and Inactive Vaccinia Virus Preparations on Human Amnion Cell Cultures
Authors: Bernkopf H. , Nishmi M. , Rosin A. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Cultures of trypsinized human amnion cells react in a morphologically different manner to the inoculation of active and inactive irradiated preparations of vaccinia virus. The most characteristic changes which accompany virus multiplication are rounding of the cells and degenerative changes in both cytoplasm and nucleus. In pronounced contrast inactive virus preparations lead to an extreme lengthening and thinning of the cytoplasm of the cell whereas the nucleus remains intact. In the latter ease the previously homogenous cell sheet is finally transformed into a netlike structure. As reported previously for mouse macrophage cultures, the inactive virus particles themselves seem to be responsible for these changes which are believed to be the result of a toxic viral effect.
The Solubility and Other Physicochemical Properties of Human γ-Globulin Labeled with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate
Authors: Frommhagen Laurence H. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The solubility of human γ-globulin, unlike that of albumin and α-β-globulins, is modified by the addition of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The solubility, as well as electrophoretic behavior, of fluorescein-labeled γ-globulin demonstrates a considerable heterogeneity of labeling at the higher conjugation ratios and a more homogeneous labeling at low conjugation ratios. The value of optimum labeling of immune globulin preparations in order to assure specific staining was again underscored.
Clinical and molecular features of human cystic echinococcosis in Tehran, Iran, 2011-2019
Authors: Hamedani Narges Amani , Pirestani Majid , Dalimi Abdolhossein 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the clinical and molecular features of human cystic echinococcosis in Tehran, Iran.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, all human cystic echinococcosis patients admitted to Tehran’s hospitals from 2011 to 2019 were enrolled, and demographic characteristics, clinical findings, and laboratory data were collected. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and fresh tissue samples of 175 cystic echinococcosis patients were evaluated for molecular characterization. The samples’ isolated DNA was used to amplify cytochrome c oxidase I and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I genes. Also, the morphological features of fresh samples were examined.

Results:
In total, 175 patients with a mean age of 45 (9-98) years were admitted to Tehran’s hospitals diagnosed with cystic echinococcosis. Moreover, the highest (26.9%) and the lowest (2.9%) prevalence of cystic echinococcosis cases were in the 16-30 and 1-15 years range, respectively. Male/female ratio was 0.96 (49.1% vs. 50.9%). The liver was affected in 92 patients (52.6%), and two or more organs were infected in 7 patients (4.0%). The cysts’ diameter varied from 1 to 25 cm, and 96.0% of the patients had a single hydatid cyst. All patients underwent radical surgery and the PAIR technique was applied for all cases. No significant difference was observed between the protoscolex hooks of pulmonary and hepatic cysts. G1-G3 had the highest percentage (99.4%) over other identified G6 genotypes (0.6%).

Conclusions:
The sheep-dog cycle plays an important role in transmitting the human cystic echinococcosis infection in Tehran.
Quality Assessment and Outcomes Related to Deceased Organ Donation in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India an Observational Study
Authors: Seth Avnish Kumar , Singh Twinkle 
Published: December 2022

Background:
We report quality assessment (QA) at each step of organ donation (OD), from the identification of a prospective donor with suspected brain death (BD) to organ retrieval.

Methods:
Case summaries and files of patients who expired or left against medical advice (LAMA) in 2019 in a 290-bed hospital were studied. Possible, potential, eligible, and actual donors were identified from among those with devastating brain injury (DBI). Potential donors (PDs) were subclassified into five types. The structure, process and outcomes related to OD were evaluated with appropriate Quality Indicators and Quality Criteria.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analysed using MS Excel and we have used cross tabulation method for statistical analysis.

Results:
Of 352 deaths, 324 occurred in intensive care units (ICUs), of which 210 were reported from medical and surgical ICUs. ICD-10 codes relevant to process of OD were found in 27 patients, of whom 16 (7.6% of deaths) received ventilatory support and were possible donors. BD was suspected by ICU teams in 10 patients (4.7% of deaths), labeled as PDs. The presence of nonreactive pupils were recorded in 10 (100%) case files and 5 (50%) death summaries, while other brain stem reflexes were endorsed in 6 (60%) case files and none of death summaries. Rates for referral, contraindication, request, and consent were 80%, 40%, 66.6%, and 50%, respectively. From 20 patients with DBI who LAMA, 11 possible donors and five PDs were identified.

Conclusion:
Retrieval of data relevant to OD is possible by auditing the available mortality and LAMA records in India. Formatting of death summaries in patients with DBI to include Glasgow Coma Scale and all brain stem reflexes would help in the process of QA for OD.
COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients During the First Versus the Second Wave - Retrospective Observational Study from a Single Center
Authors: Rao Namrata S. , Chandra Abhilash , Saran Sai , Singh Amit Kumar , Singh Sanjeet Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are deemed to be at a high risk of severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Herein, we describe the clinical, laboratory profiles, management, and outcomes of 26 KTRs who developed COVID-19 during the first and second waves of the pandemic from a tertiary care center in northern India.

Methods:
This retrospective observational study included KTRs detected with COVID-19 infection during the first wave (March–November 2020) and the second wave (March–July 2021). Their clinical and laboratory investigations, management aspects, and outcomes were compared, using data retrieved from clinical and telenephrology records, and the hospital information system.

Results:
Of the 23 KTRs, 20 were male (86%), 20 patients had fever (86%), and cough and breathlessness were seen in 19 (82%) and 12 (52%), respectively. Acute graft dysfunction was seen in 6 (26%) patients, and the need for renal replacement was seen in 4 (17%) patients. Supplemental oxygen by reservoir mask was utilized in 10 (43%) patients, high-flow nasal cannula in 3 (13%), noninvasive mechanical ventilation in 4 (17%), and invasive mechanical ventilation in 6 (26%) patients. All the KTRs with moderate and severe COVID illness and 6/7 nonsurvivors were infected during the second wave. Overall mortality in this group of patients was very high at 27%, and the mortality in the group on mechanical ventilation was 100%.

Conclusions:
The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with greater severity of illness and high mortality in KTRs.
Human Leukocyte Antigen Association with Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Antibody Seroconversion in Renal Allograft Recipients - An Observational Study
Authors: Yadav Brijesh , Prasad Narayan , Yadav Deependra , Singh Ankita , Gautam Sonam , Kushwaha Ravishankar , Patel Manas Ranjan , Bhadauria Dharmendra , Behera Manas Ranjan , Yachha Monika , Kaul Anupama 
Published: December 2022

Cellular and humoral responses are required for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) eradication. Antigen-presenting cells load SARS-CoV-2 peptides on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) with different avidities and present to T- and B-cells for imposing humoral and cellular responses. Due to immunosuppression, renal transplant recipient (RTR) patients are speculated to poorly form the antibody against the SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, determining the association of specific HLA alleles with anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody formation will be helpful in managing the RTR having specific HLA alleles from SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody in 161 RTRs was determined by the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay methods, and HLA alleles were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-single-strand oligonucleotide methods and analyzed to study the HLA allele association with anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific humoral response and severity of COVID-19 symptoms in recently SARS-CoV-2-infected RTRs.

Results:
The anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein specific antibody seroconversion rate in RTRs was 90.06% with a median titer of 751.80 AU/ml. The HLA class I alleles, A*11 in 22.1%, A*24 in 21.37%, A*33 in 20.68%, HLA B*15 in 11%, B*07 in 8.27%, HLA-C*30 in 20.93%, C*70 in 23.25% and HLA Class II alleles, DRB1*07 in 18.62%, DRB1*04 in 13.8%, HLA-DRB1*10 in 14.48%, HLA-DQA1*50 in 32.55% of RTRs were associated with the seroconversion. The mean SARS-CoV-2 clearance time was 18.25 ± 8.14 days.

Conclusions:
RTRs with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed a robust seroconversion rate of 90.0% and different alleles of HLA-B, DRB1, and DQA1 were significantly associated with the seroconversion.
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in Metastatic Vertebral Fracture
Authors: Rastogi Shivani , Agarwal Anurag , Litin Yasum , Singh Neha , Patel Hitesh 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Metastatic vertebral fractures (VF) commonly cause severe disabling pain in cancer patients

.
VFs are common among elderly patients and account for approximately 1.5 million per year in the general population.

Objective:
Bone metastasis, which is a second major cause of pathologic fracture, may lead to severe intolerable pain, life-threatening hypercalcemia, spinal cord compression, and immobility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain relief and improvement in quality of life (QOL) in patients with metastatic VF undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).

Methods:
Ten cancer patients having metastatic VF underwent PVP from July 2018 to August 2020. All demographic data, procedures, improvement in pain, and analgesic requirements of patients were taken from a computer data system and telephonic follow-up.

Results:
Majority of patients were suffering from carcinoma lung followed by carcinoma pancreas. The mean ± standard deviation of Visual Analog Scale preoperatively was 8.8 ± 1.35, reduced to 2.14 ± 2.11 at 6 months postoperatively, suggesting significant pain reduction. Eight patients had reduction in analgesic requirements and two did not require any analgesics postoperatively. During the entire follow-up, there was no delayed complication.

Conclusion:
PVP is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive procedure for treating painful metastatic vertebral compression fracture refractory to conservative treatments. It provides a marked reduction of pain, maintains mechanical stability of the vertebrae, and improves QOL.
Analyses of N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide, Cardiac Troponin T, and Creatine Kinase MB in Pericardial Fluid in Sudden Cardiac Death Caused by Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Cao Zhipeng , Wang Tianqi , Wu Shao-Huang , Liao Zihan , Zhu Baoli , Zhao Rui 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Biochemical analyses of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) have been reported to be valuable for the auxiliary diagnosis of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in previous forensic studies.

Aims and Objectives:
The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of combined analyses of NT-proBNP, cTnT and CK-MB in the pericardial fluid for forensic diagnosis of SCD caused by ischemic heart disease.

Materials and Methods:
Levels of NT-proBNP, cTnT, and CK-MB in the pericardial fluid of 132 medicolegal autopsy cases were obtained through electrochemiluminescence method.

Results:
NT-proBNP, cTnT, and CK-MB levels were significantly elevated in SCD cases (P < 0.05). Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed that NT-proBNP, cTnT, and CK-MB have diagnostic value for the diagnosis of SCD: NT-proBNP, cutoff value of 2236 pg/ml; cTnT, cutoff value of 199.51 ng/ml; CK-MB: cutoff value of 2742.5 ng/ml, and the combined analyses of these three biomarkers have better diagnostic efficiency than each single biomarker alone. Moreover, the causes of SCD were sub-divided into acute ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and recurrent myocardial infarction subgroups for further analysis, which revealed that the ratio of cTnT/CK-MB could be used to distinguish AMI with the cutoff value of 0.1085 estimated by ROC analysis.

Conclusion:
These observations suggested that the postmortem biochemical analyses of NT-proBNP, cTnT, and CK-MB in the pericardial fluid may assist to diagnose SCD in forensic practice, and the combined analyses of multiple biomarkers have better diagnostic efficiency than each single biomarker alone. On the basis of the postmortem biochemical analyses of NT-proBNP, cTnT and CK-MB, combining the ratio of cTnT/CK-MB could be used to distinguish AMI.
Incidence of Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infection in the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Singh Shailendra , Yadav Punit , Goel Akhil , Ahuja Nitin 
Published: December 2022

Aims:
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in the medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty patients admitted to medical and surgical ICU with an indwelling, nontunneled central venous catheter (CVC) inserted at admission in the department of emergency medicine or at medical and surgical ICU for more than 48 h were monitored. The patients were followed up daily for the development of new-onset sepsis after 48 h of insertion of CVC, by analyzing the culture of two sets of blood samples, over a span of 24 h. The data were evaluated statistically using Microsoft Excel version 11 and SPSS version 17 (IBM, USA).

Results:
Among 120 patients hospitalized for an aggregate of 972 days, 7 patients had acquired CLABSI with an incidence rate of 7.2/1000 central line days. The organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Conclusion:
The incidence rate of CLABSI in this study was in line with other studies on the CLABSI rate in India. The study found a significant association of CLABSI with duration of CVC catheterization, underlying comorbid conditions and diseases of patients, and indication of CVC insertion. However, there was no significant association of CLABSI with age of patients, their gender, and site of insertion.
ZVÝŠENIE BEZPEČNOSTI A REDUKCIA KRIMINALITY NA VYBRANEJ ŽELEZNIČNEJ STANICI PROSTREDNÍCTVOM KONCEPCIE CPTED
Authors: Kubalová Klaudia 
Published: December 2022

Mäkké ciele predstavujú pomerne jednoduchý a často vyhľadávaný terč teroristov, prípadne páchateľov trestnej činnosti. K takýmto objektom, resp. priestorom radíme okrem iných železničnú infraštruktúru. Železničné stanice sú verejné priestory, v ktorých sa koncentruje vysoký počet osôb, a ktoré nie sú dostatočne zabezpečené. Z analýzy vybranej železničnej stanice bolo zistené, že najčastejšími trestnými činmi sú krádeže, vandalizmus a pod. Práve voči takýmto hrozbám existuje novodobý preventívny prostriedok, ktorým je koncepcia CPTED (Crime prevention through environmental design). Predmetná koncepcia predstavuje prevenciu kriminality prostredníctvom dispozičného riešenia objektov, resp. priestorov. Implementáciou koncepcie CPTED vieme do istej miery redukovať kriminalitu, ale aj zlepšiť vizuálnu stránku priestorov.
PREFERENCE UŽIVATELŮ MĚSTSKÉ HROMADNÉ DOPRAVY
Authors: Šimeček Michal 
Published: December 2022

Tento text předkládá výsledky průzkumu uživatelů městské hromadné dopravy v České republice, který se zaměřoval na hodnocení důležitosti vlastností zastávkových stanovišť městské veřejné dopravy a na důležitost různých charakteristik jízdy MHD. Obecně patří mezi nejvýše hodnocené položky ty, které se týkají čistoty, pohodlí a bezpečí. To platí jak pro zastávková stanoviště, tak i pro jízdu MHD. Tyto vlastnosti jsou důležitější pro respondenty s rostoucím věkem a vzděláním. Dále jsou mezi důležitými vlastnostmi také ty, které přispívají k efektivitě využívání MHD (spolehlivost dopravy, informovanost cestujících a možnost volby mezi spoji). Například informační tabule s aktuálními odjezdy jsou důležitější především pro starší dospělé, seniory a studenty, studenti navíc ocení také mobilní aplikaci s těmito údaji. Položky v obou inventářích a především ty, které jsou hodnoceny obecně nejvýše, nejsou tolik důležité pro respondenty, kteří MHD používají často. Pro tyto cestující je důležitá především efektivita městské hromadné dopravy, tedy celkový čas cestování. Mezi položkami, které jsou celkově hodnoceny jako méně důležité figurují položky, které se týkají bezbariérového přístupu na zastávku nebo do vozidla MHD. Tyto vlastnosti jsou však podstatně důležitější pro specifické skupiny respondentů, kterými jsou senioři, respondenti s malými dětmi a nepracující důchodci.
DETERMINATION OF THE OCTANE NUMBER OF AUTOMOTIVE GASOLINES BY FTIR SPECTROMETRY WITH CHEMOMETRICS
Authors: Hurtová Ivana , Sejkorová Marie 
Published: December 2022

The quality of motor fuels is more and more strictly controlled in connection with many factors - users are particularly interested in the anti-knock resistance of automotive gasolines, quantitatively expressed by the value of the research octane number (RON). The paper presents FTIR spectrometry in conjunction with chemometry as an alternative method to the standardized determination of the octane number of gasoline by a research method according to ČSN EN ISO 5164. An FTIR-PLS regression model working with spectra in the range of 650–4000 cm-1 was proposed for ON prediction. With this model, a very strong dependence (R=0.996) was achieved between the predicted of octane number values and the values determined by the standardized method; the calibration error was 0.414.
Rusya'nın Ukrayna İşgalinin Avrupa Mülteci Mevzuatı ve Ukraynalı Mülteciler Üzerindeki Hukuksal Etkisi
Authors: BAKIR Hakim 
Published: December 2022

Coğrafi konumu gereği Rusya-Avrupa arasında stratejik bir öneme sahip olan ve 46 milyon nüfusun yaklaşık %22 Rus olan Ukrayna 1991 yıllında bağımsızlığını ilan etmiştir. Ukrayna’nın 2004 yılında itibaren NATO ve Avrupa Birliği’ne yakın siyaset izlemesi Rusya tarafında sert bir tepkiyle karşılanmıştır. Bu rağmen iki ülke ekonomik ilişkilerini devam ettirmiş ve Rus doğalgazının Avrupa’ya transferi Ukrayna üzerinden sağlanmıştır. 2014 yılında ise Rusya, tarihi ve stratejik bir öneme sahip olan Kırım’ı ilhak etmesi Ukrayna’ya yönelik ilk işgali kabul edilmiş ve 921.000'den fazla kişi yerinden edilmiştir. Yakın dönemde de ise Rusya devlet başkanı Vladimir Putin savaş yanlısı politika izlemesi Şubat 2022’de büyük bir savaşın yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. Ukrayna Cumhurbaşkanı Volodimir Oleksandroviç Zelenski ise savaşın çıkmaması için büyük uğraşlar vermiş ve savaş başladıktan sonra ise ülkede kaçmak yerine kalıp direnmeyi seçmiştir.
Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği’ne göre 24 Şubat 2022’den 4 Ekim 2022 tarihine kadar toplam 13,736,198 Ukraynalı savaş nedeniyle yerinden edilmiş ve Avrupa kıtasında mülteci olmuştur. Avrupa kıtası bu savaş ile II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan beri en büyük mülteci krizine maruz kalmıştır. Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlere sığınan Ukraynalı mülteciler Avrupa Birliği tarafından 4 Mart 2022 yılında kabul edilen geçici koruma kapsamında değerlendirilirken diğer ülkelere göç edenler Ukraynalılar ise 1951 Cenevre Mülteci Sözleşmesi kapsamında mülteci olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ukrayna krizi aynı zamanda da küresel iş birliğinin ve 1951 Mültecilerin Statüsüne İlişkin Sözleşme’nin kitlesel mülteci krizlerine cevap vermekten de ne kadar yetersiz olduğunu göstermiştir.
IMPACTO DE LA PANDEMIA SARS COV 2 EN EL TRATAMIENTO QUIRÚRGICO DEL CÁNCER COLORRECTAL EN PACIENTES AÑOSOS
Authors: Quiroga Yenny , Potolicchio Analía , Lucas Nicolás , Buey María Lourdes , Catalano Pablo 
Published: December 2022

Desde el inicio de la pandemia, en Marzo 2020, la actividad asistencial se vio afectada. El Hospital Español de Buenos Aires comenzó a ser centro de derivación de AMBA para pacientes SAR COV2 PAMI, alcanzando un alto grado de saturación de ocupación de camas. Por este motivo se suspendió la actividad quirúrgica programada, interviniéndose sólo pacientes de urgencia y oncológicos. Se suspendieron los consultorios externos y turnos para endoscopias y estudios imagenológicos, provocando no solo un retraso en el diagnóstico de los pacientes con CCR, para screening y estadificación, sino también el tratamiento quirúrgico de los mismos.
De ahí la importancia de analizar el impacto de la pandemia en el tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer colorrectal en nuestra institución.