bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Neutropenia in Preterm Neonates Following Administration of Darbepoetin Alfa
Authors: Andrews Nicole , Friedman Stephanie , Dunham Mary , Dean Roger , Chabra Shilpi 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE
This study is to evaluate the effects of darbepoetin alfa (darbe) on neutrophil count in preterm neonates treated for anemia of prematurity.

METHODS
This was a retrospective chart review comparing the absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) of neonates administered 2 doses of subcutaneous darbe 10 mcg/kg to that of a randomly selected comparator group of neonates not administered the drug. Neonates &lt;34 weeks gestational age, gestational age between 23w1d and 33w4d, born between July 2016 and June 2019, were included in the study.

RESULTS
The ANCs of 45 darbe-treated neonates compared with those of 45 randomly selected comparator control neonates revealed no difference in the rate of occurrence of neutropenia (ANC ≤1000/μL) between the darbe-treated neonates (26.7%) and comparator neonates (24.4%) (p &gt; 0.99). There was also no difference in the rate of occurrence of severe neutropenia (ANC ≤500/μL) between the darbe-treated neonates (11.1%) and comparator neonates (6.7%) (p = 0.70). Darbepoetin alfa did not lead to differences in rates of resolution of neutropenia or severe neutropenia.

CONCLUSIONS
Short-term administration of darbe did not affect the ANCs of preterm neonates treated for anemia of prematurity. There was no difference in the rates of occurrence of neutropenia, severe neutropenia, or resolution of either between the darbe-treated neonates and comparator neonates.
Evaluation of Parenteral Potassium Supplementation in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Clouser Amanda A. , Merchan Cristian D. , Bashqoy Ferras , Tracy Joanna L. , Papadopoulos John , Saad Anasemon 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE
The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of parenteral potassium chloride (KCl) supplementation on potassium (K+) concentrations in a non-cardiac pediatric population. Secondary outcomes were to identify variables that may influence response to KCl supplementation (i.e., change in K+ concentration after KCl administration) and assess the incidence of hyperkalemia.

METHODS
This single-center, retrospective study evaluated infants and children who received parenteral KCl supplementation of 0.5 or 1 mEq/kg between January 2017 and December 2019.

RESULTS
The study included 102 patients with a median age of 1 year (IQR, 0.4–3.9) and weight of 9.1 kg (IQR, 4.9–14.2) who received 288 parenteral KCl administrations. One hundred seventy-three administrations were in the 1 mEq/kg group, and 115 administrations were in the 0.5 mEq/kg group. The median changes in K+ were 0.8 and 0.5 mEq/L in the 1 mEq/kg and 0.5 mEq/kg groups, respectively. Patients who had a repeat K+ concentration within 4 hours of the end of a 1 to 2–hour infusion had a higher median change in K+ compared with those who had a concentration drawn after this time frame (0.8 vs 0.6 mEq/L; p &lt; 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
There is a paucity of data on the correlation between parenteral KCl supplementation and change in K+ concentrations in pediatric patients. Our study demonstrated an association between KCl supplementation doses of 1 and 0.5 mEq/kg and changes in K+ of 0.8 and 0.5 mEq/L, respectively, in non-cardiac pediatric patients, with low observed incidence of hyperkalemia.
Targeting Lower Serum Trough Concentrations: A New Gentamicin Dosing Strategy for Suspected Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis
Authors: Kayser Nicholas , Cunningham Kelli , Alabsi Samir , Smith Hayden 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE
Neonatal gentamicin dosing algorithms are not designed to achieve serum trough concentrations ≤1 mcg/mL. The purpose of our study was to evaluate a new gentamicin algorithm based on serum creatinine (SCr) and gestational age (GA) designed to achieve serum gentamicin trough concentrations ≤1 mcg/mL.

METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a level IIIB neonatal intensive care unit. The incidence of elevated serum gentamicin troughs for this study was compared with the center's previously published results to evaluate the proposed dosing algorithm. Patients were included if gentamicin was administered within the first 7 days of life and a serum gentamicin trough concentration and a baseline SCr concentration were obtained. Patients were further subdivided into groups based on GA for data analysis: ≤30 weeks (group 1), 30–34 weeks (group 2), and ≥35 weeks (group 3). The SCr was considered mildly elevated (0.81–0.99 mg/dL) or elevated (≥1 mg/dL). The respective outcomes between the post-algorithm and control groups were examined using intention-to-treat analysis and Bayesian modeling to calculate rate differences.

RESULTS
Of the 2377 patients evaluated, 366 met the inclusion criteria. Significantly lower percentages of elevated serum gentamicin troughs were noted in groups 2 and 3 subsequent to the implementation of the dosing algorithm with 16% and 15% lower rate differences, respectively. Regardless of GA, there were significantly fewer elevated serum troughs in the post-implementation groups than in the control with mildly elevated and elevated SCr p &lt; 0.001.

CONCLUSIONS
Using a dosing algorithm based on SCr significantly reduced the number of elevated serum trough rates in neonates with a GA greater than 30 weeks.
Strategi Pemerintah Simeulue dalam Penanganan Prevalensi Stunting pada Anak Balita
Authors: Susanti Miri , Mardhiah Nellis 
Published: February 2023

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in toddlers, the government continues to campaign about the dangers of stunting, and stunting in Simeulue district is the 2nd highest in Aceh, so it is very necessary to handle this case. Based on the Simeulue Regent's Regulation Number 13 of 2019 concerning Integrated Stunting Prevention and Handling in the Village, it is based on the election of Simeulue Regency as the national stunting locus set by the Central Ministry. The determination was ratified through the decision of the head of the Netional Development Planning Agency of the Republic of Indonesia number 42 of 2020. The cause of the high stunting rate in Simeulue is the lack of nutrition in children under five, which stems form the lack of funds and posyandu facilities such as measuring instruments and weighing equi [ment (dacing) which are not fully available at every posyandu. The purpose of this study is to describe the Government's strategy in overcoming the prevalence of stunting in children under five in Simeulue Regency and how the government’s efforts in builing cooperation with the perties hendling stunting prevention in children under vive in Simeulue Regency. Using qualitative methods and data obtained from interviews with Mr. Andre as the head of the social welfare sub-sector and then analyzed. The results of the research, the government carried out eight stunting convergence actions and each action has its own implementation instrument and givernment also involves stakeholders to reach out
Personalized medicine: overview and comparison of challenges and opportunities for its implementation in the Brazilian public healthcare system (SUS)
Authors: de Moraes Amanda da Cruz Nunes , Stuchi-Maria-Engler Silvya 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe objective of this work is, through a literature review, to promote the debate on personalized medicine and acquire a broad view of the subject and its tools from the perspective of oncology, disseminate the topic, support, and encourage initiatives to implement its technologies in the Brazilian public healthcare system, collaborating for a sustainable ecosystem in the incorporation of technologies, and above all, with the health and quality of life of patients. The implementation of personalized medicine technologies in SUS is feasible and effective. The scenario is optimistic considering the latest updates from the Ministry of Health with the establishment of the Brazilian Genomes Program. With wise management of resources and actions focused on creating an infrastructure that supports it, the entire public healthcare system will be benefited and can take advantage of the improvements. Personalized medicine is the future of healthcare.
Density regulation amplifies environmentally induced population fluctuations
Authors: Mutshinda Crispin M. , Mishra Aditya , Finkel Zoe V. , Irwin Andrew J. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Density-dependent regulation is ubiquitous in population dynamics, and its potential interaction with environmental stochasticity complicates the characterization of the random component of population dynamics. Yet, this issue has not received attention commensurate with its relevance for descriptive and predictive modeling of population dynamics. Here we use a Bayesian modeling approach to investigate the contribution of density regulation to population variability in stochastic environments.

Methods
We analytically derive a formula linking the stationary variance of population abundance/density under Gompertz regulation in a stochastic environment with constant variance to the environmental variance and the strength of density feedback, to investigate whether and how density regulation affects the stationary variance. We examine through simulations whether the relationship between stationary variance and density regulation inferred analytically under the Gompertz model carries over to the Ricker model, widely used in population dynamics modeling.

Results
The analytical decomposition of the stationary variance under stochastic Gompertz dynamics implies higher variability for strongly regulated populations. Simulation results demonstrate that the pattern of increasing population variability with increasing density feedback found under the Gompertz model holds for the Ricker model as well, and is expected to be a general phenomenon with stochastic population models. We also analytically established and empirically validated that the square of the autoregressive parameter of the Gompertz model in AR(1) form represents the proportion of stationary variance due to density dependence.

Discussion
Our results suggest that neither environmental stochasticity nor density regulation can alone explain the patterns of population variability in stochastic environments, as these two components of temporal variation interact, with a tendency for density regulation to amplify the magnitude of environmentally induced population fluctuations. This finding has far-reaching implications for population viability. It implies that intense intra-specific resource competition increases the risk of environment-driven population collapse at high density, making opportune harvesting a sensible practice for improving the resistance of managed populations such as fish stocks to environmental perturbations. The separation of density-dependent and density-independent processes will help improve population dynamics modeling, while providing a basis for evaluating the relative importance of these two categories of processes that remains a topic of long-standing controversy among ecologists.
Establishment and verification of a nomogram model for predicting the risk of post-stroke depression
Authors: Luo Shihang , Zhang Wenrui , Mao Rui , Huang Xia , Liu Fan , Liao Qiao , Sun Dongren , Chen Hengshu , Zhang Jingyuan , Tian Fafa 
Published: February 2023

Objective
The purpose of this study was to establish a nomogram predictive model of clinical risk factors for post-stroke depression (PSD).

Patients and Methods
We used the data of 202 stroke patients collected from Xuanwu Hospital from October 2018 to September 2020 as training data to develop a predictive model. Nineteen clinical factors were selected to evaluate their risk. Minimum absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression were used to select the best patient attributes, and seven predictive factors with predictive ability were selected, and then multi-factor logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine six predictive factors and establish a nomogram prediction model. The C-index, calibration chart, and decision curve analyses were used to evaluate the predictive ability, accuracy, and clinical practicability of the prediction model. We then used the data of 156 stroke patients collected by Xiangya Hospital from June 2019 to September 2020 for external verification.

Results
The selected predictors including work style, number of children, time from onset to hospitalization, history of hyperlipidemia, stroke area, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. The model showed good prediction ability and a C index of 0.773 (95% confidence interval: [0.696–0.850]). It reached a high C-index value of 0.71 in bootstrap verification, and its C index was observed to be as high as 0.702 (95% confidence interval: [0.616–0.788]) in external verification. Decision curve analyses further showed that the nomogram of post-stroke depression has high clinical usefulness when the threshold probability was 6%.

Conclusion
This novel nomogram, which combines patients’ work style, number of children, time from onset to hospitalization, history of hyperlipidemia, stroke area, and NIHSS score, can help clinicians to assess the risk of depression in patients with acute stroke much earlier in the timeline of the disease, and to implement early intervention treatment so as to reduce the incidence of PSD.
Rates of and Factors Associated With Primary and Booster COVID-19 Vaccine Receipt by US Veterans, December 2020 to June 2022
Authors: Bajema Kristina L. , Rowneki Mazhgan , Berry Kristin , Bohnert Amy , Bowling C. Barrett , Boyko Edward J. , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Maciejewski Matthew L. , O’Hare Ann M. , Osborne Thomas F. , Viglianti Elizabeth M. , Hynes Denise M. , Ioannou George N. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceCOVID-19 vaccination rates remain suboptimal in the US. Identifying factors associated with vaccination can highlight existing gaps and guide targeted interventions to improve vaccination access and uptake.ObjectiveTo describe incidence and patient characteristics associated with primary, first booster, and second booster COVID-19 vaccination in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study assessed US veterans receiving care in VHA medical centers and outpatient clinics as of December 1, 2020. All VHA enrollees with an inpatient, outpatient, or telehealth encounter in VHA as well as a primary care physician appointment in the preceding 24 months were included.ExposuresDemographic characteristics, place of residence, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and underlying medical conditions.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCumulative incidence of primary, first booster, and second booster COVID-19 vaccination through June 2022. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify factors independently associated with COVID-19 vaccination.ResultsAmong 5 632 413 veterans included in the study, 5 094 392 (90.4%) were male, the median (IQR) age was 66 (51-74) years, 1 032 334 (18.3%) were Black, 448 714 (8.0%) were Hispanic, and 4 202 173 (74.6%) were White. Through June 2022, cumulative incidences were 69.0% for primary vaccination, 42.9% for first booster, and 9.3% for second booster. Cumulative incidence for primary vaccination increased with increasing age, from 46.9% (95% CI, 46.8%-47.0%) among veterans aged 18 to 49 years to 82.9% (95% CI, 82.8%-83.0%) among veterans aged 80 to 84 years. More Black veterans completed primary vaccination (71.7%; 95% CI, 71.6%-71.8%) compared with White veterans (68.9%; 95% CI, 68.9%-69.0%), and more urban-dwelling veterans completed primary vaccination (70.9%; 95% CI, 70.9%-71.0%) compared with highly rural-dwelling veterans (63.8%; 95% CI, 63.4%-64.1%). Factors independently associated with higher likelihood of both primary and booster vaccination included older age, female sex, Asian or Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, urban residence, and lack of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of US veterans, COVID-19 vaccination coverage through June 2022 was suboptimal. Primary vaccination can be improved among younger, rural-dwelling veterans. Greater uptake of booster vaccination among all veterans is needed.
Qualitative Interviews to Assess the Content Validity and Usability of the Electronic Raynaud Diary in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Domsic Robyn T. , Pokrzywinski Robin , Stassek Larissa , Benton Wade W. , Vampola Christa‐Lynn , Furst Daniel E. , Chung Lorinda , Steen Virginia , Mayes Maureen D. , Shah Ami A. , Molitor Jerry A. , Oliver Kelly , Nagaraja Vivek , Khanna Dinesh 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo better understand the symptoms and impacts of Raynaud phenomenon (RP) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to evaluate the content validity and usability of a new electronic patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measure for RP: the Raynaud Diary.MethodsThe Raynaud Diary was developed as a daily eDiary for assessing the number and duration of symptomatic Raynaud attacks; worst pain, numbness, tingling, and discomfort in the fingers; and overall disease severity, captured using the Raynaud's Condition Score. The Raynaud Diary was debriefed in two waves of qualitative interviews with adults with self‐reported RP secondary to SSc. All interviews included open‐ended questions about participants' experiences of RP.ResultsParticipants (N = 39) had a mean age of 55.1 years, and 87% were female. Frequently reported RP symptoms were color change (reported by all participants), numbness (90%), tingling (82%), pain (77%), and discomfort (72%). Common attack triggers included temperature‐related factors and stress. Participants reported being unable to be outside or do outdoor activities and had problems gripping objects. All participants demonstrated understanding of the Raynaud Diary instructions. Most participants indicated that they would be able to use the Raynaud Diary to record the worst severity of individual RP symptoms in the previous 24 hours.ConclusionPatients with RP secondary to SSc bear a heavy symptom burden. The Raynaud Diary is a content valid PRO measure that captures the most frequent symptoms of RP in patients with SSc.
Higher‐Order Topological States in Thermal Diffusion
Authors: Wu Haotian , Hu Hao , Wang Xixi , Xu Zhixia , Zhang Baile , Wang Qi Jie , Zheng Yuanjin , Zhang Jingjing , Cui Tie Jun , Luo Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnlike conventional topological materials that carry topological states at their boundaries, higher‐order topological materials are able to support topological states at boundaries of boundaries, such as corners and hinges. While band topology has been recently extended into thermal diffusion for thermal metamaterials, its realization is limited to a 1D thermal lattice, lacking access to the higher‐order topology. In this work, the experimental realization is reported of a higher‐order thermal topological insulator in a generalized 2D diffusion lattice. The topological corner states for thermal diffusion are observed in the bandgap of diffusion rate of the bulk, as a consequence of the anti‐Hermitian nature of the diffusion Hamiltonian. The topological protection of these thermal corner states is demonstrated with the stability of their diffusion profile in the presence of amorphous deformation. This work constitutes the first realization of higher‐order topology in purely diffusive systems and opens the door for future thermal management with topological protection beyond 1D geometries.
Molecular Engineering for Chiroptical Smart Paints: Photo‐Tunable and Polymerizable Helical Nanostructures by Cyanostilbene‐Based Reactive Mesogens
Authors: Koo Jahyeon , Jang Junhwa , Kim Minwook , Hyeong Jaeseok , Yu Dongmin , Rim Minwoo , Ko Hyeyoon , Lim Seok‐In , Kim Dae‐Yoon , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany studies on the basis of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) have focused on dynamic optical changes utilizing photochemical reactions raising helical pitch variations. However, the conventional dyes doped in CLC system often show reversible isomerization such as trans‐cis, E‐Z, and open‐close forms that hampers the fixation of desired color cues. Here, a cyanostilbene‐based reactive mesogen (CSRM) for phototunable and subsequently polymerizable smart CLC paints is newly designed and synthesized. The structural color of the CLC paint can be precisely manipulated in remote controllable manner by inducing a photochemical reaction of CSRM. Due to the irreversible isomerization behaviors of CSRM, the constructed periodic structures with different helical pitches are intactly fixed via in situ photopolymerization under 460 nm light. In addition, the combination of helical nanostructures and cyanostilbene luminophore produces a circularly polarized light emission. The dissymmetry factor of circularly polarized luminescence is dependent on the photoregulated helical nanostructures in CLC films. The decoupled system of triple photofunctionality in a single component of chirophotonic crystalline material is applied to develop advanced optical information storages.
Effect of Additives in the Hydroamination/Cyclization of Aminoalkenes Catalyzed by a Binaphtholate Yttrium Catalyst
Authors: Nawara‐Hultzsch Agnieszka J. , Goswami Anandarup , Hultzsch Kai C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA series of various solvents and additives were tested in enantioselective hydroamination/cyclization reactions of aminoalkenes catalyzed by a binaphtholate yttrium catalyst. The functional group tolerance of the catalyst and the influence on the reaction rate and enantioselectivity was studied. Some weakly coordinating polar solvents, such as Et2O, MTBE, and chlorobenzene led to slightly increased reaction rates compared to the less polar solvent benzene, presumably due to a better stabilization of the polar transition state. Stronger binding solvents and additives, such as THF, DMAP, pyrrolidine, n‐propylamine, and 1‐phenylethylamine, decrease the reaction rate and diminish the enantioselectivity of the hydroamination product. Some additives, such as THF, Et2O, MTBE, chloro‐ and bromobenzene, as well as (+)‐sparteine resulted in slightly higher enantioselectivities in the cyclization of the model substrate C‐(1‐allylcyclohexyl)methylamine, although this observation was not generally true for other aminoalkene substrates. The reaction rates and enantioselectivities were depressed in the presence of (−)‐sparteine using the (R)‐binaphtholate‐ligated catalyst. In case of C‐(1‐allylcyclohexyl)methylamine, the enantioselectivity was switched from 76% ee favoring the (S)‐enantiomer of the hydroamination product when using (+)‐sparteine to 22% ee in favor of the (R)‐enantiomer when (−)‐sparteine was used. The rates of cyclization of aminoalkenes and the resulting enantioselectivities significantly depend on substrate concentration with the highest rate (13.6 h−1) and enantioselectivity (68% ee) observed in dilute conditions (0.05 M) compared to a concentrated solution (0.5 M, 5.0 h−1, 35% ee) for 2,2‐dimethylpent‐4‐enylamine. These observations indicate that the reaction mechanism is shifted in favor of a slower, less enantioselective catalytic cycle involving a higher coordinate species when higher substrate concentrations or stronger binding additives are present.magnified image