bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of functional strictures in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis using hepatobiliary contrast-enhanced MRI: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Poetter-Lang Sarah , Messner Alina , Bastati Nina , Ringe Kristina I. , Ronot Maxime , Venkatesh Sudhakar K. , Ambros Raphael , Kristic Antonia , Korajac Aida , Dovjak Gregor , Zalaudek Martin , Hodge Jacqueline. C. , Schramm Christoph , Halilbasic Emina , Trauner Michael , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
PSC strictures are routinely diagnosed on T2-MRCP as dominant- (DS) or high-grade stricture (HGS). However, high inter-observer variability limits their utility. We introduce the “potential functional stricture” (PFS) on T1-weighted hepatobiliary-phase images of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR cholangiography (T1-MRC) to assess inter-reader agreement on diagnosis, location, and prognostic value of PFS on T1-MRC vs. DS or HGS on T2-MRCP in PSC patients, using ERCP as the gold standard.

Methods
Six blinded readers independently reviewed 129 MRIs to diagnose and locate stricture, if present. DS/HGS was determined on T2-MRCP. On T1-MRC, PFS was diagnosed if no GA excretion was seen in the CBD, hilum or distal RHD, or LHD. If excretion was normal, “no functional stricture” (NFS) was diagnosed. T1-MRC diagnoses (NFS = 87; PFS = 42) were correlated with ERCP, clinical scores, labs, splenic volume, and clinical events. Statistical analyses included Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression.

Results
Interobserver agreement was almost perfect for NFS vs. PFS diagnosis, but fair to moderate for DS and HGS. Forty-four ERCPs in 129 patients (34.1%) were performed, 39 in PFS (92.9%), and, due to clinical suspicion, five in NFS (5.7%) patients. PFS and NFS diagnoses had 100% PPV and 100% NPV, respectively. Labs and clinical scores were significantly worse for PFS vs. NFS. PFS patients underwent more diagnostic and therapeutic ERCPs, experienced more clinical events, and reached significantly more endpoints (p < 0.001) than those with NFS. Multivariate analysis identified PFS as an independent risk factor for liver-related events.

Conclusion
T1-MRC was superior to T2-MRCP for stricture diagnosis, stricture location, and prognostication.

Clinical relevance statement
Because half of PSC patients will develop clinically-relevant strictures over the course of the disease, earlier more confident diagnosis and correct localization of functional stricture on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI may optimize management and improve prognostication.

Key Points
• There is no consensus regarding biliary stricture imaging features in PSC that have clinical relevance.
• Twenty-minute T1-weighted MRC images correctly classified PSC patients with potential (PFS) vs with no functional stricture (NFS).
• T1-MRC diagnoses may reduce the burden of diagnostic ERCPs.

Graphical abstract
MAFLD: an optimal framework for understanding liver cancer phenotypes
Authors: Crane Harry , Gofton Cameron , Sharma Ankur , George Jacob 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma has a substantial global mortality burden which is rising despite advancements in tackling the traditional viral risk factors. Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease, increasing in parallel with the epidemics of obesity, diabetes and systemic metabolic dysregulation. MAFLD is a major factor behind this sustained rise in HCC incidence, both as a single disease entity and often via synergistic interactions with other liver diseases. Mechanisms behind MAFLD-related HCC are complex but is crucially underpinned by systemic metabolic dysregulation with variable contributions from interacting disease modifiers related to environment, genetics, dysbiosis and immune dysregulation. MAFLD-related HCC has a distinct clinical presentation, most notably its common occurrence in non-cirrhotic liver disease. This is just one of several major challenges to effective surveillance programmes. The response of MAFLD-related HCC to immune-checkpoint therapy is currently controversial, and is further complicated by the high prevalence of MAFLD in individuals with HCC from viral aetiologies. In this review, we highlight the current data on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, outcomes and screening controversies. In addition, concepts that have arisen because of the MAFLD paradigm such as HCC in MAFLD/NAFLD non-overlapping groups, dual aetiology tumours and MAFLD sub-phenotypes is reviewed.
Optimal surgery for resectable malignant pleural mesothelioma in the setting of multimodality treatment
Authors: Kondo Nobuyuki , Hasegawa Seiki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe surgical treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) involves procedures to achieve macroscopic complete resection, depending on the patient’s condition. We reviewed the evolution of surgical approaches for resectable MPM. Since surgery is no more than a single step in the set of processes in multimodality treatment (MMT), we concluded that these procedures should give precedence to lung preservation and minimize resection whenever possible. Postoperative quality of life must be prioritized when the patient can receive appropriate adjuvant therapy.
The aetiology and incidence of infective endocarditis in people living with rheumatic heart disease in tropical Australia
Authors: Basaglia Andrew , Kang Katherine , Wilcox Rob , Lau Alistair , McKenna Kylie , Smith Simon , Chau Ken W. T. , Hanson Josh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To define the incidence and microbiological aetiology of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in tropical Australia.

Methods
A retrospective study that examined all episodes of IE between January 1998 and June 2021 among individuals on the RHD register in Far North Queensland, Australia.

Results
There were 1135 individuals with a diagnosis of RHD on the register during the study period, representing 10962 patient-years at risk. Overall, there were 18 episodes of definite IE occurring in 16 individuals, although only 7 episodes occurred in native valves (11 occurred in prosthetic valves) equating to 0.7 episodes of native valve IE/1000 patient-years. No patient with mild RHD - and only one child with RHD - developed IE during the study period. Despite the study’s tropical location, the causative organism was usually typical skin or oral flora. Among individuals with an indication for benzathine penicillin G (BPG) prophylaxis, only 1/6 episodes of IE due to a penicillin-susceptible organism received BPG in the month before presentation.

Conclusion
Although RHD predisposes individuals to IE, the absolute risk of IE in native valve disease in tropical Australia is low and might be reduced further by improved adherence to secondary BPG prophylaxis.
Dissemination of ArmA- and OXA-23-co-producing Acinetobacter baumannii Global Clone 2 in Switzerland, 2020–2021
Authors: Findlay Jacqueline , Nordmann Patrice , Bouvier Maxime , Kerbol Auriane , Poirel Laurent 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFollowing the observation of an increased number of isolation of OXA-23- and ArmA-producing Acinetobacter baumannii at the national level, our aim was to evaluate whether some given clone(s) might actually be spreading and/or emerging in Switzerland. To evaluate this possibility, our study investigated and characterized all A. baumannii isolates harboring both the blaOXA-23 and armA genes that had been collected at the Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA) from 2020 to 2021. Most isolates were obtained from infections rather than colonization with the majority being obtained from respiratory specimens. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of 56 isolates identified nine profiles. Then, whole-genome sequencing that was performed on a subset of 11 isolates including at least one representative isolate of each PFGE profile identified three STs; one each of ST25 and ST1902, and nine ST2 (a member of Global Clone 2 (GC-2). The blaOXA-23 gene was always found embedded within Tn2006 structures, as commonly described with GC-2 (ST2) isolates. Susceptibility testing showed that most of those isolates, despite being highly resistant to all carbapenems and all aminoglycosides, remained susceptible to colistin (94.6%), sulbactam-durlobactam (87.5%), and cefiderocol (83.9% or 91.1% according to EUCAST or CLSI breakpoints, respectively). Overall, this study identified that the A. baumannii co-producing OXA-23 and ArmA are increasing in incidence in Switzerland, largely due to the dissemination of the high-risk GC-2. This highlights the importance of the monitoring of such MDR A. baumannii strains, in order to contribute to reduce their potential further spread.
An assessment of 'Inclusive' Business Models: Vehicles for Development, or Neo-Colonial Practices?
Authors: Mangnus Ellen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn a period of decreasing aid budgets and increasing private sector engagement in the Global South, Inclusive Business-referring to a business model that integrates marginalized people in the company’s value chain as suppliers, distributors, retailers, or customers to the mutual benefit of both the company and the community has become a preferred development strategy. However so far the impacts of inclusive business models on the livelihoods of these ‘marginalized people’ have remained elusive. With this paper I aim to contribute to a better understanding of the impacts perceived by the communities. Starting from the idea that the rural landscape is socially differentiated, I scrutinize the impact of inclusive business models on the ground at the level of the farmer communities in two very different settings: the savannah of North-Ghana and the green valleys on the slope of Mount Kenya in East Kenya. The findings indicate that diverse groups in the communities are impacted differently by inclusive business models. Both companies catalyse trajectories that in the long term might have negative repercussions on the livelihoods of smallholders. These long-term, or unintended, impacts are obfuscated in frameworks used to assess inclusive business models. Inclusive business models can only be a partial answer in overcoming poverty and food insecurity.
From physical space to mental space: feelings of being physically constrained increase consumer preference for mind-expanding products
Authors: Auschaitrakul Sumitra , King Dan , You Yanfen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis research examines whether and how feelings of physical constraints can increase consumers’ preference for mind-expanding products, such as products that broaden perspectives and viewpoints. Three studies show that feelings of physical constraints (such as when consumers commute and buckle their seatbelts, which restricts their movement) motivate them to increase mental space and break free from mental limitations as an alternative way to compensate for the physical restrictions they experience. As a result, consumers prefer mind-expanding products more because the content of these products helps them expand their mental space. Together, the current research integrates and extends theories of fluid compensatory consumption and offers actionable managerial implications for marketers.
The Role of Novel Antifungals in the Management of Candidiasis: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Ordaya Eloy E. , Clement Josh , Vergidis Paschalis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMucosal and invasive candidiasis can be challenging to treat in the setting of drug intolerance, antifungal resistance, drug–drug interactions, or host immune status. Antifungals with novel mechanisms of action and distinct pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties have been developed in recent years. Rezafungin is an echinocandin with high-tissue penetration and an extended half-life that allows for once-weekly administration, making it a convenient treatment option for invasive candidiasis while obviating the need for central catheter placement. Ibrexafungerp is an oral glucan synthase inhibitor that is active against most echinocandin-resistant Candida species. At present, it is approved for the treatment of acute vulvovaginal candidiasis and is under investigation as an oral step-down therapy following initial treatment with an echinocandin for cases of invasive candidiasis. Oteseconazole is a long-acting tetrazole that exhibits a higher affinity for the fungal enzyme CYP51, resulting in a potentially lower risk of drug–drug interactions and side effects compared to other azoles. It is currently approved for the treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Fosmanogepix has a novel mechanism of action and potent activity against several Candida strains resistant to other antifungals. Due to its considerable bioavailability and tissue penetration, it holds promise as a potential treatment option in patients with invasive candidiasis, including those with chorioretinitis or meningitis. Results from clinical trials and observational studies will further delineate the role of these agents in the management of candidiasis. As the usage of these novel antifungals becomes widespread, we expect to acquire a greater understanding of their efficacy and potential benefits.
Motivational Facts, Legitimacy, and the Justification of Political Ideals
Authors: Erez Lior 
Published: July 2023

AbstractShould facts about motivation play a role in the justification of political ideals? Many theorists argue that political ideals should be tailored to the limitations of human nature—‘taking people as they are’—while others maintain that facts about motivation should be excluded. This article offers a critical intervention in this debate: the important question is not so much whether people can motivate themselves, or whether they are capable of being motivated, but what social mechanisms would be required to motivate them, and whether these mechanisms are legitimate. Reframing the question of motivation as a political question of legitimacy, I argue that if people could only be motivated to act through illegitimate use of power, the ideal in question cannot be fully justified.
On the difficulty of discovering mathematical proofs
Authors: Arana Andrew , Stafford Will 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn account of mathematical understanding should account for the differences between theorems whose proofs are “easy” to discover, and those whose proofs are difficult to discover. Though Hilbert seems to have created proof theory with the idea that it would address this kind of “discovermental complexity”, much more attention has been paid to the lengths of proofs, a measure of the difficulty ofverifyingof agivenformal object that it is a proof of a given formula in a given formal system. In this paper we will shift attention back to discovermental complexity, by addressing a “topological” measure of proof complexity recently highlighted by Alessandra Carbone (2009). Though we will contend that Carbone’s measure fails as a measure of discovermental complexity, it forefronts numerous important formal and epistemological issues that we will discuss, including the structure of proofs and the question of whether impure proofs are systematically simpler than pure proofs.
Child sexual abuse material on the darknet
Authors: Gannon Colm , Blokland Arjan A. J. , Huikuri Salla , Babchishin Kelly M. , Lehmann Robert J. B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBy routing traffic through a random combination of servers worldwide, the darknet obfuscates the identity of its users, making it an attractive medium for journalists, dissidents, and individuals committing crimes. Since 2008, access to the darknet has been facilitated by the The Onion Router (TOR) browser, bringing the darknet within reach of an increasingly wider audience. Tens of thousands of darknet forums serve the criminal needs of millions of users each day and hundreds of these darknet forums are especially dedicated to the exchange of child sexual abuse materials (CSAM). Practitioners who work with men with sexual offences may therefore face individuals whose sexual offences occurred partly or wholly in the darknet. In the current review article, we summarize both the scientific literature and evidence obtained from CSAM forum “take-downs,” to describe the organization of darknet CSAM forums and the activities of their members. These forums report large and international memberships of individuals who, much like mainstream social media, interact online on a regular basis, creating large, online communities in which like-minded individuals can socialize and barter CSAM with minimal risk of discovery. Not all forum members contribute equally to the community, and especially administrators appear indispensable for the proper functioning of the CSAM forum. Implications for future research and law enforcement are discussed.
Pamiparib in combination with tislelizumab in patients with advanced solid tumours: results from the dose-expansion stage of a multicentre, open-label, phase I trial
Authors: Friedlander Michael , Mileshkin Linda , Lombard Janine , Frentzas Sophia , Gao Bo , Wilson Michelle , Meniawy Tarek , Baron-Hay Sally , Briscoe Karen , McCarthy Nicole , Fountzilas Christos , Cervantes Andres , Ge Ruimin , Wu John , Spira Alexander 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumour activity, safety, and tolerability of pamiparib plus tislelizumab in patients with previously treated advanced solid tumours.

Methods
In this study, patients were enrolled into eight arms by tumour type. All received pamiparib 40 mg orally twice daily plus tislelizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), assessed by the investigator per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours v1.1. Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DoR), safety, and tolerability.

Results
Overall, 180 patients were enrolled. In the overall population, the ORR was 20.0% (range: 0–47.4 across study arms), with median DoR of 17.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.2, not estimable [NE]). The highest ORR was observed in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) arm (patients with BRCA1/2 mutations and/or homologous recombination deficiency) (ORR: 47.4%; median DoR: 17.1 months [95% CI: 3.0, NE]). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of ≥Grade 3 occurred in 61.7% of patients. Serious TEAEs occurred in 50.0% of patients.

Conclusions
Pamiparib plus tislelizumab showed a variable level of antitumour activity in patients with advanced solid tumours, with the highest ORR in TNBC and was associated with a manageable safety profile.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT02660034.
Panoramic errors in pediatric patients with special needs
Authors: Fux-Noy Avia , Rohana Rasha , Rettman Andra , Moskovitz Moti , Nadler Chen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the types and frequencies of panoramic technical errors in pediatric patients with special needs, as compared to matching images of patients with normal developmental patterns. Panoramic images of 100 pediatric patients, with equal numbers of either special needs or healthy controls, referred to our Oral Maxillofacial Imaging unit, were retrospectively examined by four blinded observers for the presence of four common technical errors: palatoglossal air space, movement, positioning errors, and foreign bodies appearance. In addition, they subjectively determined the image quality on an ordinal scale. The statistical examination included inter-observer correlation and correlations between demographic factors (age, gender, developmental status) and the number and types of errors. The frequencies of demonstrated errors were, in descending order: movement, positioning, palatoglossal air space, and foreign bodies' appearance. The special needs group images showed significantly more errors and were rated as low-quality radiographs. Younger patients in both groups showed more movement and positioning errors. Technical errors in panoramic images of patients with special needs were more frequently found. Therefore, increased awareness of the staff and appropriate pre-imaging instructions to the patients, are required when imaging pediatric patients, especially those with special needs.
Preliteracy Skills Mediate the Relation Between Early Speech Sound Production and Subsequent Reading Outcomes
Authors: Mues Marjolein , Zuk Jennifer , Norton Elizabeth S. , Gabrieli John D. E. , Hogan Tiffany P. , Gaab Nadine 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
Learning to read is a complex, multifaceted process that relies on several speech and language–related subskills. Individual differences in word reading outcomes are indicated among children with inaccurate speech sound productions, with some of these children developing later reading difficulties. There are inconsistent reports as to whether phonological deficits and/or weaknesses in oral language explain these subsequent reading difficulties. Thus, it remains unclear how variability in speech production accuracy in early childhood may impact reading development. Therefore, the present longitudinal study seeks to clarify the relation between speech sound production accuracy in kindergarten and subsequent reading outcomes with a focus on additional potential mediating factors.

Method:
Speech accuracy, core preliteracy skills (phonological awareness, rapid naming, and letter–name knowledge), and additional potential mediators (phonological memory and oral language abilities) were characterized at the start of formal reading instruction. Word reading, decoding, reading fluency, and comprehension were assessed at the end of second grade. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine factors that mediate the relation between speech accuracy in kindergarten and subsequent reading outcomes.

Results:
Initial associations between early speech sound production accuracy and subsequent reading outcomes were indicated; however, mediation effects of preliteracy skills (phonological awareness and letter–name knowledge) were identified for word reading, decoding, and reading fluency outcomes. For reading comprehension, mediation effects of preliteracy and vocabulary skills were observed.

Conclusions:
The relation between speech sound production accuracy and subsequent word reading, decoding, reading fluency, and comprehension was observed to be mediated by preliteracy skills, specifically phonological awareness and letter–name knowledge. For reading comprehension only, vocabulary knowledge were of additional importance.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23671491
Carbon–Carbon Bond Forming Reactions in Diazines via Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation
Authors: Gramage-Doria Rafael , Bruneau Christian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn overview of the key achievements concerning C–C bond-forming processes with diazines (pyridazines, pyrimidines, and pyrazines) and benzodiazines (cinnolines, phthalazines, quinazolines, and quinoxalines) under transition-metal-catalyzed C–H activation is presented. The focus is on examples in which C–H functionalization takes place in the diazine or benzodiazine core because of the relevance of these compounds in material science and as active pharmaceutical ingredients. These metal-catalyzed protocols benefit from the biased reactivity of the C–H bonds targeted or from the presence of a rationally designed directing group proximate to the C–H bond to be functionalized. As such, innovative alkylations, alkenylations, alkynylations, arylations, and carboxylations are accomplished within such skeletons in a step- and atom-economy fashion.1	Introduction2	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Alkylation of Diazines3	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Alkynylation of Diazines4	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Alkenylation of Diazines5	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Arylation of Diazines6	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Carboxylation of Diazines7	Conclusion