bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of increasing concentration of ergot alkaloids in the diet of feedlot cattle: performance, welfare, and health parameters
Authors: Sarich Jenna M , Stanford Kim , Schwartzkopf-Genswein Karen S , McAllister Tim A , Blakley Barry R , Penner Gregory B , Ribeiro Gabriel O 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of feeding increasing dietary concentrations of ergot alkaloids from cereal grains (EA; 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0 mg/kg of dietary DM) to feedlot cattle over backgrounding (BG) and finishing (FS) phases on health, welfare, and growth performance. Two hundred and forty commercial steers (280 ± 32 kg BW) were stratified by weight and randomly allocated to 16 pens (15 steers/pen), 4 of which were equipped with the GrowSafe system (1 pen/treatment) to measure individual feed intake. Each pen was randomly assigned to a treatment (n = 4/treatment). Treatments included 1) control (CTRL), no added EA; 2) CTRL + 0.75 mg/kg EA (EA075); 3) CTRL + 1.5 mg/kg EA (EA150); and 4) CTRL + 3.0 mg/kg EA (EA300). Steers were fed barley-based BG diets containing 40% concentrate: 60% silage (DM basis) for 84 d. Steers were then transitioned over 28 d to an FS diet (90% concentrate: 10% silage DM basis) and fed for 119 d before slaughter. The diet fed to EA300 steers was replaced with the CTRL diet after 190 d on feed (DOF), due to EA-induced hyperthermia starting at 165 DOF. In the BG phase, average meal length (P = 0.01) and size (P = 0.02), daily feeding duration (P = 0.03), final body weight (BW; P = 0.03), and total BW gain (P = 0.02) linearly decreased with increasing EA levels, while gain to feed (G:F) responded quadratically (P = 0.04), with EA150 having the poorest value. Increasing concentrations of EA in the diet linearly increased rectal temperature (P &lt; 0.01) throughout the trial. Over the full FS phase, a quadratic response was observed for ADG (P = 0.05), final BW (P = 0.05), total BW gain (P = 0.02), and carcass weight (P = 0.05) with steers fed EA150 having the lowest performance, as EA300 steers were transferred to CTRL diet after 190 DOF. Dressing percentage (P = 0.02) also responded quadratically, with the lowest values observed for EA300. Thus, EA reduced ADG during BG and FS phases, although more prominently in FS, likely due to increased ambient temperatures and high-energy diet in FS triggering hyperthermia. When EA300 steers were transferred to the CTRL diet, compensatory gain promoted higher hot carcass weight (HCW) when compared with steers fed EA150. In conclusion, feeding feedlot steers diets with &gt; 0.75 mg/kg EA caused reductions in performance and welfare concerns, although this breakpoint may be affected by duration of feeding, environmental temperatures, and EA profiles in the feed.
Uncertainty during migration: the role of predictable resources in unpredictable conditions in determining movement in Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus)
Authors: Dedeban Emilie , Webber Quinn M R , Laforge Michel P , Robitaille Alec L , Vander Wal Eric 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Environmental and climatic variation drive animal migration. Animals must adjust their behavioral strategies, for example, habitat selection, to match best variation in resources whose value likely varies with conditions such as weather. For example, climate change makes processes such as snowmelt and the emergence of vegetation less predictable at the scale of months or weeks. Furthermore, climate change makes meteorological conditions unpredictable—or dynamic—at the scale of days and hours. The profitability of selecting any particular resource may vary according to local meteorological condition. We studied the impact of dynamic weather conditions on fine-scale movement strategies and resource selection during spring migration of adult female Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus). We assessed the role played by static resources such as open, lichen, and closed forest habitats and their role in a context-dependent of dynamic weather conditions, including temperature, precipitation, and changing snow water equivalent. We tested the role of static resources and dynamic conditions in three contexts: (1) whether caribou were encamped or moving using hidden Markov models; state-specific habitat selection for, and the interaction between, resources and conditions while (2) encamped and (3) moving. Weather conditions influenced the probability of moving or staying encamped, and the probability of selecting for a resource, which likely reflects the profitability of a given resource in a particular condition. The probability of staying encamped in the forest increases as temperature increases, and the probability of selecting an open area is higher when precipitation is lower. We highlight how meteorological conditions modify the selection of a static resource and likely the profitability of a given resource. The resource utility to a consumer is increasingly susceptible to climate change-induced effects.
Curative surgery for multiple hepatocellular carcinomas after lenvatinib plus transarterial chemoembolization: a case report
Authors: Shiraishi Jin , Itoh Shinji , Tomino Takahiro , Yoshiya Shohei , Nagao Yoshihiro , Morita Kazutoyo , Kayashima Hiroto , Harada Noboru , Ichiki Yasunori , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Surgical therapy following lenvatinib (LEN) plus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a useful therapeutic option for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A 66-year-old man with a history of hepatitis C was detected four masses in the caudate lobe and segment 6/7 of the liver, with a maximum lesion diameter of 14 cm by computed tomography. The patient was diagnosed with intermediate-stage HCC and received LEN plus TACE. After resuming LEN for 8 weeks, computed tomography showed weakened stained areas of the tumors, and no new lesions. Thus, the patient was evaluated as having a partial response in the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. The patient underwent hepatic caudate lobectomy, partial hepatectomy of S6/7, and S6 microwave coagulation therapy for radical resection. The patient is currently alive and recurrence-free at 12 months postoperatively. In patients with multiple HCC lesions, hepatic resection combined with local therapy might be an effective treatment option.
Sounding Slavery in the Victorian Drawing Room: The ‘Blackface’ Ballads of Philip Klitz
Authors: Hansford Roger 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In 1847, Southampton’s Philip Klitz (1805–1854) added two ‘blackface’ ballads to a cultural craze reflecting that year’s British tour by the white American minstrel troupe, the ‘Ethiopian Serenaders’, and their imitators, the ‘Ethiopian Harmonists’. I show how Klitz and his fellow composers reflected and fed a potent stereotype, circulating songs in the bourgeois home that adversely affected the British perception of African Americans by sustaining racist themes and images in the popular-cultural imagination. Notwithstanding the negative impacts for black residents and visitors in Britain at the time, minstrelsy is also widely understood to have exerted considerable cultural influence throughout the nineteenth century. Among investigations of how the Victorian arts constructed race, few give music the significance it holds in this interpretation of how black caricature functioned in a post-abolition British context through the medium of music and musical orientalism in Victorian drawing-room ballads. This case study of previously neglected musical repertoire details an important episode in the history of ‘blackface’ minstrelsy, showing how racial attitudes formed within British domestic spaces during the late 1840s were affected by those of the popular stage in ante-bellum America.
Measurement of Atomic Modulation Direction Using the Azimuthal Variation of First-Order Laue Zone Electron Diffraction
Authors: Silinga Aurys , Allen Christopher S , Barthel Juri , Ophus Colin , MacLaren Ian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We show that diffraction intensity into the first-order Laue zone (FOLZ) of a crystal can have a strong azimuthal dependence, where this FOLZ ring appears solely because of unidirectional atom position modulation. Such a modulation was already known to cause the appearance of elliptical columns in atom-resolution images, but we show that measurement of the angle via four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4DSTEM) is far more reliable and allows the measurement of the modulation direction with a precision of about 1° and an accuracy of about 3°. This method could be very powerful in characterizing atomic structures in three dimensions by 4DSTEM, especially in cases where the structure is found only in nanoscale regions or crystals.
Brucellar, Pyogenic, and Tuberculous Spondylodiscitis at Tertiary Hospitals in Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: AlQahtani Hajar , Alzahrani Fatimah , Abalkhail Ghaida , Hithlayn Hessa Bin , Ardah Husam I , Alsaedy Abdulrahman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Spondylodiscitis is rare yet the most common form of spinal infection. It is characterized by inflammation of the intervertebral disk space and adjacent vertebral body. In Western countries, the incidence of spondylodiscitis is increasing. Clinical outcomes most commonly reported in the literature are the 1-year mortality rate (range, 6%–12%) and neurologic deficits.

Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study assessed patients diagnosed with infectious spondylodiscitis who received treatment at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All enrolled patients were ≥18 years old and were diagnosed per radiologic and microbiological findings and clinical manifestations between January 2017 and November 2021.

Results
This study enrolled 76 patients with infectious spondylodiscitis, with a median age of 61 years. All patients presented with back pain for a median 30 days. Patients were stratified into 3 groups based on the causative pathogen: brucellar spondylodiscitis (n = 52), tuberculous spondylodiscitis (n = 13), and pyogenic spondylodiscitis (n = 11). All laboratory data and biochemical markers were not significantly different. However, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cells were significantly different in the pyogenic spondylodiscitis group, with medians of 121 mg/dL (P = .03), 82 mmol/h (P = .04), and 11.2 × 109/L (P = .014), respectively.

Conclusions
Back pain is a common clinical feature associated with infectious spondylodiscitis. The immense value of microbiological investigations accompanied with histologic studies in determining the causative pathogen cannot be emphasized enough. Treatment with prolonged intravenous antimicrobial therapy with surgical intervention in some cases produced a cure rate exceeding 60%.
Stated preference methods and STI policy studies: a foreground approach
Authors: Gómez-Valenzuela Víctor 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This discussion article explores the ontological and epistemic basis for analysing social preferences in the broader interdisciplinary field of Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) policy studies and its evaluation using stated preference (SP) methods. STI policy studies base their approximations of policy problems on a revealed preference (RP) approach, which analyses economic agents' actual market behaviours based on standardized data sources. SP methods arose as an alternative to address the analysis of public goods for which the market fails to assign prices efficiently and can only be evaluated in hypothetical or contingent situations. In an analytical context of complexity defined by grand societal challenges related to the provision of public goods to be addressed by STI transformative policies, analysing social preferences by SP methods could support a more robust and holistic approach to STI policy analysis and its evaluation, improving the policy-making process and promoting more informed policy mixes and evaluation policy mixes. A kind of Kantian categorical imperative favouring SP methods is discussed based on the new STI policy research agenda on transformative change and supported by axiology around social choice, welfare, and a more participative STI policy governance.
Evaluation of institutional whole-body and extremity occupational radiation doses in nuclear medicine
Authors: Bouchareb Yassine , Al-Mabsali Jihad , Al-Zeheimi Hilal , Al-Jabri Aziza , Tag Naima , Al-Dhuhli Humoud 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study evaluated nuclear medicine occupational radiation doses at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, a 700-bed tertiary care teaching hospital in Oman. Personal effective whole-body doses, Hp(10), and extremity doses, Hp(0.07), were collected for 19 medical radiation workers over a 7-year period (2015–2021). Personal doses for four professional groups were measured using calibrated thermo-luminescence dosemeters ((LiF:Mg,Ti) TLD-100). The average, median and maximum cumulative doses were compared against the annual whole-body and extremity dose limits (20 mSv and 500 mSv y−1, respectively) and local dose investigation level (DIL; 6 mSv y−1). Personal whole-body doses (average:median:maximum) for technologists, medical physicists, nuclear medicine physicians and nurses were 1.8:1.1:7.8, 0.3:0.3:0.4, 0.1:0.1:0.2 and 0.1:0.1:0.2 mSv, respectively. Personal extremity doses for left and right hand (average and maximum doses) follow similar trends. Average annual effective whole-body and extremity doses were well below the recommended annual dose limits. The findings suggest lowering local DIL for all staff except for technologists.
Mitigative potential of rhoifolin against cisplatin prompted testicular toxicity: biochemical, spermatogenic and histological based analysis
Authors: Saher Faria , Ijaz Muhammad Umar , Hamza Ali , Ain Qurat Ul , Hayat Muhammad Faisal , Afsar Tayyaba , Almajwal Ali , Shafique Huma , Razak Suhail 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Rhoifolin (ROF) is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound with diverse pharmacological and therapeutic benefits. The current investigation was designed to evaluate the curative potential of Rhoifolin (ROF) against Cisplatin (CP) induced testicular damage. Mature male albino rats (n = 48) were randomly distributed into 4 equal groups: control, CP (10 mg/kg), CP + ROF (10 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg) and ROF (20 mg/kg) supplemented group. Following 56 days of the trial, biochemical, inflammatory markers, spermatogenic, steroidogenic, hormonal, apoptotic, anti-apoptotic, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. The exposure to CP markedly (p &lt; 0.05) lowered the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, glutathione reductase (GSR), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) in testicular tissues of male albino rats. Besides the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were considerably augmented in CP exposed rats. The administration of CP also increased the level of inflammatory cytokines i.e. IL-6, TNF-α, 1L-1β and NF-κβ as well as COX-2 activity. Additionally, a notable (p &lt; 0.05) upsurge was observed in dead sperms count, abnormality in the tail, midpiece as well as head of sperms along with a notable decline in sperm motility in CP treated rats. Moreover, the expressions of steroidogenic enzymes were also lowered in CP administered group. The levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and plasma testosterone as well as luteinizing hormone (LH) were decreased in CP treated group. Moreover, the expression of Bax as well as Caspase-3 (apoptotic markers) were increased. On the other hand, Bcl-2 expression (anti-apoptotic marker) was reduced. Furthermore, the histopathological analysis showed that CP considerably (p &lt; 0.05) damaged the testicular tissues. However, the administration of ROF significantly reduced the damaging effects of CP in testicular tissues. The results of our study suggested that ROF can potentially alleviate CP-induced testicular damages due to its androgenic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory as well as anti-apoptotic nature.
Healthcare Trajectories and Outcomes in the First Year After Tracheostomy Based on Patient Characteristics*
Authors: Mehta Anuj B. , Matlock Daniel D. , Shorr Andrew F. , Douglas Ivor S. 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To define healthcare trajectories after tracheostomy to inform shared decision-making efforts for critically ill patients.

DESIGN:
Retrospective epidemiologic cohort study.

SETTING:
California Patient Discharge Database 2018–2019.

PATIENTS:
Patients who received a tracheostomy.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We tracked 1-year outcomes after tracheostomy, including survival and time alive in and out of a healthcare facility (HCF. Patients were stratified based on surgical status (did the patient require a major operating room procedure or not), age (65 yr old or older and less than 65 yr), pre-ICU comorbid states (frailty, chronic organ dysfunction, cancer, and robustness), and the need for dialysis during the tracheostomy admission. We identified 4,274 nonsurgical adults who received a tracheostomy during the study period with 50.9% being 65 years old or older. Among adults 65 years old or older, median survival after tracheostomy was less than 3 months for individuals with frailty, chronic organ dysfunction, cancer, or dialysis. Median survival was 3 months for adults younger than 65 years with cancer or dialysis. Most patients spent the majority of days alive after a tracheostomy in an HCF in the first 3 months. Older adults had very few days alive and out of an HCF in the first 3 months after tracheostomy. Most patients who ultimately died in the first year after tracheostomy spent almost all days alive in an HCF.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cumulative mortality and median survival after a tracheostomy were very poor across most ages and groups. Older adults and several subgroups of younger adults experienced high rates of prolonged hospitalization with few days alive and out of an HCF. This information may aid some patients, surrogates, and providers in decision-making.
Retrospective Analysis of Axial Length Changes in Overnight Orthokeratology in an Academic Myopia Control Clinic
Authors: Holmes Michelle , Liu Maria , Singh Sarah 
Published: August 2023

SIGNIFICANCE
Although the myopia control efficacy of orthokeratology lenses has been established with clinical trials, reports of axial length change in non–study-based patient care are scarce. This study investigates the use of orthokeratology lenses for myopia control in a clinical population and compares axial elongation against those published in recent clinical investigations.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to investigate factors affecting axial elongation during use of orthokeratology lenses for myopia control in an academic clinical setting.

METHODS
This study was a retrospective consecutive case series from the Myopia Control Clinic at the Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry at the University of California, Berkeley (Berkeley, CA). Patients ranging from 5 to 18 years old using orthokeratology for at least 1 year were included in the study. Data from 102 patients' eyes were analyzed at baseline (before the initiation of treatment) and after 1 year of wear (12 ± 3 months). Multivariate analysis was undertaken to identify factors significantly associated with axial elongation over this period.

RESULTS
Mean (±standard deviation) spherical equivalent refraction and axial length at baseline were −2.54 (±1.21) D and 24.53 (±0.82) mm, respectively. By the 1-year follow-up, eyes had shown significant axial elongation (0.18 ± 0.24 mm; P < .001), which was found to be inversely correlated with age (P < .001). Race, sex, baseline axial length, and baseline refraction were not significantly associated with axial elongation.

CONCLUSIONS
Factors influencing axial length and the magnitude of axial elongation in our orthokeratology patient population are consistent with orthokeratology treatment groups from published randomized clinical trials and support the use of these lenses for myopia control in a clinical practice setting.
Publication Trends of Research on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma During 2002 to 2022: A 20-Year Bibliometric Study
Authors: Xu Mingpeng , Gu Xiang , Yang Ludi , Ge Shengfang , Zhao Peiquan 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Our study attempted to analyze the research trends in HNSCC and compare contributions from different countries, institutions, journals, and authors.

Materials and Methods:
The authors extracted publications in this field from 2002 to 2022 from the Web of Science database. Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer were performed to collect data on publication numbers, analyze publication trends, and visualize relevant results.

Results:
A total of 1903 publications were screened. In the past 20 years, the United States contributed the most publications and citations in the HNSCC research. China ranked second in the number of publications. The Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery was the most productive journal concerning HNSCC. ESMAELIB of the University of Texas System and ROSENTHAL EL of Stanford University had published the most publications in this field. Keywords were categorized into 3 clusters: basic study, clinical feature study, and treatment-related study. The keywords “reflectance confocal microscopy”, “raman-spectroscopy”, and “confocal laser endomicroscopy” were most frequently emerged in the recent years. Management-related research has been recognized as a potential focus in the HNSCC.
Toxic neuropathies
Authors: Rossor Alexander M. , Manji Hadi 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Immunotherapy has had a significant impact on the treatment of an increasing number of cancers as well as in inflammatory, rheumatological and gastroenterological conditions.
Recreational nitrous oxide use is now a global epidemic. Linezolid is now recommended for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB); neuropathy is a significant cause of morbidity.
Global warming will result in increasing toxin exposure, such as ciguatera, in previously unaffected areas.

Recent findings
With increasing experience, the pathophysiology underlying the neuropathic complications of these drugs has become clear with guidelines now available, for the complications of immune check-point inhibitors and nitrous oxide toxicity. The optimum dose and duration of treatment for resistant TB with regimens, including linezolid, has been ascertained.

Summary
Although neuropathic complications with immunotherapy are relatively rare, it is essential that they are recognized and treated early. Nitrous oxide toxicity should be in the differential diagnosis for all patients, particularly those of younger age, presenting with a neuropathy or myleo-neuropathy. Ciguatera toxicity is under recognized and its geographical spread will increase due to global warming. Further research is necessary on the mechanisms and treatment of both acute and chronic effects, which at present, are only symptomatic.