bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycaemic Control and Evidences of Ischaemic Heart Disease of Known Type 2 Diabetics Attending the Endocrinology Clinic at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria
Authors: Ojeka S. O. , Zabbey V. Z. , Edward R. B. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with life-threatening complications with cardiovascular complications being the major cause of death among those with type 2 diabetes. Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating the glycemic status and evidences of Ischaemic heart disease, associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients attending the endocrinology clinic in FMC Yenagoa during the study period.
Materials and Methods: The study made use of 162 apparently healthy individuals and 300 diabetic patients. Interviewer-administered questionnaire and fasting blood sugar were the study tools. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired sample T-test.
Results and Discussion: The results revealed that the body mass Index, Blood Pressure and Fasting Blood Sugar of the diabetics were significantly higher than those of the non-diabetics. Again, 41.7% of the experimental subjects had a normal glycemic control, 49.7% had a fair glycemic control while 8.7% of them had a poor glycemic control. The symptoms of Ischaemic heart disease associated with type 2 diabetes in the experimental subjects were chest pain, chest discomfort, pain in the leg, ischaemic gangrene and loss of strength. Again, age, gender, Body mass index, smoking and Fasting blood sugar were other risk factors found to be associated with ischaemic heart disease.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Implementing lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and smoking cessation to reduce the risk of cardiovascular abnormalities in diabetics is recommended. A close and regular monitoring of the Fasting blood sugar, Blood Pressure and cardiac abnormalities is also recommended for diabetic patients.
Radioadapted Response Early Effects and Late Effects on Survival of White Blood Cells in Mice (Mus musculus L) Post C0-60 Gamma Radiation
Authors: Sutapa Gusti Ngurah , Sandi I. Nengah , Anggarani Ni Kadek Nova , Kasmawan I. Gde Antha 
Published: August 2023

Aims: Determine the radioadapted response to the early and late effects of white blood cells in mice after Co-60 gamma radiation. Furthermore, the effect of the radioadapted early and late effects of the radioresponse with the interval dose adaptation (DA) with the challenge dose (DC) to the white blood cells of mice, as well as the survival rate of mice white blood cells after gamma Co-60 radiation through the radio-adapted response of the early effect and the late effect.
Place and Duration of Study: The Radioteraphy Installation in Prof. I.G.N.G. NGOERAH Hospital, between from August to October 2022.
Methodology: This research used a low-dose method (adapted-DA dose) and at certain time intervals was continued with a larger dose (dose challenge-DC) in mice with six treatments and one as a control. From each treatment, mice's white blood cells were taken to determine the number of leukocytes and their components. Through the number of leukocytes, it is possible to analyze the radio-adaptated response to the early effect and the late effect, so that thesurvival rate of whiteblood cells inmice after gamma Co-60 radiation can be determined.
Results: The results of research on the survival of leukocyte cells, neutrophils, and lymphocyte cell components show early-responding tissue and late-responding tissue. As for cell survival, other componentssuch asmonocytes, eosinophils, andbasophils did not respond in the same way after gamma Co-60 radiation. In general, giving a time delay to the challenge dose for all radiation dose treatments gives a fast response (early effect) to cell survival within a few days after radiation, then with time the full response that occurs is a slow (late effect). The longer the delay in giving the challenge dose, the slower the response will fully occur in the tissue after gamma Co-60 radiation. The cell survival curve also shows that the α/β ratio for the early effect is 3 and for the late effect is 10, which is an illustration of the early effect on radiation, with a linear shape of the cell death curve indicating that tissue is more sensitive to changes in radiation dose and has a greater α/β ratio. When compared to the tissue with a late effect on radiation, the tissue has a smaller α/β ratio indicating that the tissue is less sensitive to changes in the timing of the challenge dose.
Conclusion: Radioadapted response to the survival of leukocytes, neutrophils cell components, and lymphocytes have shown early responding tissue and late responding tissue after gamma Co-60 radiation. By giving a time lag for the challenge dose, an early response to cell survival occurs for only a few days, then with time, fully the response that occurs is late responding.
Physical and Proximate Analysis of Fuel Briquette Made Using African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Pulp as a Binder
Authors: Namadi S. , Musa A. O. , Gana U. M. 
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the possible use of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Pulp as a binding agent for the production of biofuel briquettes. Sawdust biomass was briquetted using hot and cold prepared African Locust bean pulp (SBP) and cassava starch (SBCS) as binders. Physical and combustion analysis of the fuels were performed in accordance with ASTM analytical methods and calculations to analyse the briquettes strength and aptness as a solid biofuel. The results obtained for the maximum density, relaxed density and shatter index ranged between, 802.03 to 931.87 , 300.60 to 336.40 and 89.29 to 99.77% respectively, with samples SBCS and SBP(Cold) showing a better result. The proximate analysis performed shows that, the %Moisture content (Dry basis), %Ash content, %Volatile matter and %Fixed carbon ranged between 6.52 to 8.08%, 2.60 to 5.12%, 78.21 to 86.53% and 2.79 to 10.15% respectively. The Calorific Value obtained for the material briquettes are 17,230kJ/kg, 18,270kJ/kg and 16,550kJ/kg for SBCS, SBP(Cold) and SBP(Hot) respectively. It has been observed from analysis that the strength of the briquettes descends in the order SBCS→SBP(Cold)→SBP(Hot), with a little variation between samples SBCS and SBP(Cold). The study indicates the potential of the binder for the production of biofuel and significantly improve the carbon content as well as the calorific value of the fuel.
Digital Technologies in Crop Genotype Designing Methods: Scope, Limitations and Future Perspectives
Authors: Siyunda Aaron Chimbelya , Chikalipa Emmanuel , Ramtekey Vinita , Mbuma Ntombokulunga , Mwala Mick , Mwila Natasha Muchemwa , Regassa Tesfaya Mitika , Nshimbi Dyness 
Published: August 2023

The modern world agricultural sector has come under severe attack from several factors. These factors range from biotic to abiotic factors and they present threats to the environment and the world economies at large. If agricultural production is made more sustainable, it can be able to combat the current food shortages. Looking into the present scenario, there is a great need to improve the traditional breeding designing methods to develop genotypes of different crops that would be able to withstand the current adverse effects brought about by persistent climate change. Central to the basis and key factor of improving the designing methods in crop production are different digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Learning (DL), Machine Learning (ML), Geographical Information System (GIS), Precision Agriculture (PA), and Remote Sensing (RS). The digitalization of traditional breeding strategies has its weaknesses in terms of genetic gains it could offer in improving crop production. However, improving digital technologies would result in improved designing methods of crop production that would consequently result in increasing agricultural production and productivity. Therefore, the current review highlights the gains that have been made especially by AI and ML in designing methods of crop production. In addition, the review also highlights the limitations of these digital tools and their potential in crop designing methods for future crop genetic gains and production as well.
Lung Function Capacity among Traffic Police in Dhaka City
Authors: Basher Ahamed Khairul , Afrin Sadia , Huda Md. Nazmul , Rahman Md. Motiur , Haque Md. Azazul , Sarker Manobik , Yasmeen Wahida , Sultana Hafiza 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Air pollution from car exhaust has a negative impact on health. People who are constantly exposed to this car pollution can develop various health problems including respiratory diseases.
Objective: To assess the extent of respiratory failure among traffic police officers in Dhaka.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the spirometric parameters of a group of 157 traffic police officers between the ages of 25 and 55 years old serving in the city of Dhaka. Lung function was measured with a portable stationary spirometer. Data were collected using the American Thoracic Society Department of Lung Disease Questionnaire (ATS-DLD-78A). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM's SPSS software. Study location and period: The study was conducted from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018, in the city of Dhaka.
Results: The mean age was 40.94 ± 9.30 years. The FEV1/FVC ratio showed that over 50% of the respondent's lung function parameters were 70% and above. FEV1 and FVC were significantly lower in smokers (2.60 ± 0.71, 3.88 ± 0).76) compared to non-smokers (3.50 ± 0.83, 4.70 ± 0.56). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age over 20 years (OR 6.87; 95% CI) and smoking (OR 13.62; 95% CI) were independently associated with traffic police respiratory symptoms. Conclusion: The adverse effects of air pollution from direct vehicle exhaust can have a significant impact on these lung dysfunctions.
Varietal Evaluation of Gerbera under Shade Net Condition in Prayagraj Agroclimatic Condition
Authors: Chaturvedi Purva , Singh Devi , Wesley C. John 
Published: August 2023

Gerberas are widely cultivated and have a significant market value due to their popularity as ornamental plants and their traditional medicinal uses. The global gerbera market includes various segments, such as cut flowers, potted plants, and medicinal products. Therefore, present investigation was carried out with title at the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the Winter-2022-23 to determine the performance of different varieties of gerbera for its growth and flowering. Under this experiment, overall, 8 varieties were used comprising of variety Shveen, Petali, Livia, Hiami, Deepti, 17026, Alcochate and Breakdance. The current study found that variety Hiami performed better in terms of characters like plant height at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (18.13, 21.20 and 23.77 cm respectively); early for days to first flower bud emergence (39.43 DAP); days from bud to flowering (9.97 days); number of days for flowering from planting (54.53 DAP); number of days for peak flowering (58.17 DAP); maximum number of buds (10.63 buds); stalk length (64.77 cm); diameter of flower (9.33 cm) and yield per 200 m2 (11693 flowers). Variety Deepti performed better for parameters like number of leaves at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (7.53, 10.37 and 12.63 leaves respectively); plant spread at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (18.77, 26.13 and 35.30 cm respectively); Vase life (8.80 days); second highest for yield per 200 m2 (10263 flowers).
Study of Evaluation of Genetic Variability of Gladiolus Cultivars under Agro-climatic Conditions of Prayagraj, India
Authors: Singh Veenu , Singh Devi , Wesley John 
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was carried out to “Study of Evaluating Genetic Variability of Gladiolus (Gladilous grandiflorus L.) Cultivars Under Agro –Climatic conditions of Prayagraj” was conducted at the Departmental research field of Horticulture, Naini, Agriculture Institute during Rabi season of 2022-2023. The experiment involved 15 cultivars arranged in randomized block design with three replication. The analysis of the data showed that phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all characters studied, indicating that environmental factors had a significant influence on these characters. Several traits, including number of leaves at 30DAS, corm yield per plant, number of cormels per hectare, cormel diameter, number of corms per hectare, and number of corms per plant, exhibited high PCV and GCV. Furthermore, the study found high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean for traits such as the number of leaves at 30DAS, corm yield per plant, number of cormels per hectare, cormel diameter, number of corms per hectare, and number of corms per plant. This suggests that these traits are under strong genetic control and have the potential for effective selection and improvement. Moreover, positive and highly significant correlations were observed between corm yield per plant (in grams) and various other traits, including the number of leaves at 30DAS, 60DAS, and 90DAS, number of shoots per plant, days to first flowering, rachis length, number of florets per spike, number of spikes per plant, floret length, floret diameter, number of corms per plant, corm diameter, weight of corm, number of corms per hectare, and number of cormels per hectare. These correlations indicate that these traits have a strong influence on corm yield. Based on the study's results, genotypes Yellow stone, followed by Joshka, Pusa suhagan, and Arka Naveen, were identified as high spike and corm-yielding genotypes under the agro-climatic conditions of Prayagraj.Overall, the study highlights the significant impact of environmental factors on the observed traits and provides valuable insights into the selection of gladiolus genotypes with desirable characteristics for cultivation in the Prayagraj region.
Impact of Nutritional Interventions on Epigenetic Influences in the Gestational and Puerperium Period: A Systematic Review
Authors: Santos Mateus Silva , Santos Ketle dos , Silva Jaqueline de Paula e 
Published: August 2023

Background: Epigenetic analyzes associated with maternal and child nutrition are the subject of several studies due to their crucial role in fetal development. Significant changes in diet during the gestational period or even in the puerperium can lead to metabolic diseases or even neuropsychiatric disorders.
Aims: The present study sought to carry out a systematic review of such interactions in the pre- and post-pregnancy periods.
Study Design: Systematic review.
Methodology: Bibliographic research was used as a method and data were obtained from the VHL information portal from 2017 to 2021. Original articles published in the last 6 years, related to nutritional impacts on epigenetic mechanisms, whether in women during the gestational and postpartum period or newborns, were included in this study. In the gestational period and puerperium or newborns.
Results: Nine studies that met the selection criteria and were associated with the topic were selected.
Conclusion: Based on this study, it was possible to understand the relationship between diet and the expression of epigenetic changes in order to promote studies in this area that facilitate the understanding of various diseases of genomic origin.
Economic Growth Implications of Inflation Targeting and Inflation Volatility: An Emerging Economy’s Perspective
Authors: Achiyaale Raymond Awonatezuaka , Adaletey Jennifer Ellah , Mbilla Simon Akumbo Eugene , Tsorhe Daniel Komla 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to comparatively examine the extent to which inflation targeting and inflation volatility impact on economic growth from an emerging economy’s perspective.
Methodology: Annual data from the World Development Indicator (WDI) and the Bank of Ghana (BoG) from 1985 to 2014 were used for the study. The data was interpolated into quarterly series using E-views. The stationarity characteristics of the variables were tested using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and the Phillip-Perron unit root tests. The GARCH (1 1) and ARDL models were employed for the analysis.
Findings: The study found that inflation targeting had a positive significant effect on economic growth in Ghana. Also, despite the volatile nature of inflation in Ghana, inflation volatility had no significant effect on economic growth.
Implications: This scholarly work would aid policy makers in policy formulation pertaining to inflation targeting and inflation volatility on economic growth. It will also open up the circles of knowledge regarding inflation targeting monetary policy’s regime in empirical literature, institutions of higher learning and the understanding of the general public. The study recommends that the Bank of Ghana maintains its current monetary policy framework - Inflation Targeting, but should strengthen the preconditions and subsequent requirements of the monetary policy in order to maximize the gains to economic growth.
Histopathology of the Skin: General Principles
Authors: Calonje Eduardo , Bhogal Balbir S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes in detail the steps followed from the moment a skin biopsy is taken through to the final step when interpretation of the changes is performed by the histopathologist. It emphasizes laboratory methods including special techniques useful to reach a diagnosis, potential artefacts and the approach to the interpretation of skin biopsies.
Diagnosis of Skin Disease
Authors: Coulson Ian H. , Benton Emma C. , Ogden Stephanie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis chapter deals with the essentials of arriving at a diagnosis of skin disease by the process of history taking and clinical examination, supplemented by simple both bedside procedures (e.g. Wood's light, diascopy, dermoscopy and confocal microscopy) and laboratory investigations. It includes a glossary of dermatological terms and their definitions. The roles of teledermatology, mobile telephone and Internet technology are also covered.
Health Economics and Skin Disease
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Krensel Magdalene 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis chapter contains a brief introduction to the basic methods of health economic analysis followed by a presentation of the results of international cost‐of‐illness studies for psoriasis and skin cancer. The validity of the presented results and limitations in their comparison are discussed. In conclusion, the impact of health economic findings on decision making in dermatology practice is discussed.
Inflammation, Immunology and Allergy
Authors: Steinhoff Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInflammation can be defined as a complex body defence mechanism responding to dangerous endogenous or exogenous stimuli in order to restore body homeostasis. Thus, the skin is continuously challenged to prevent inflammation, and inflammatory skin diseases are very common worldwide. Similarly, allergic reactions (types 1–4) are inflammatory processes created by the body system to respond to ‘danger signals’ of various origins. Very early in phylogenesis, inflammation is associated with the host defence against infectious, allergic or toxic agents, UV radiation, noxious heat and cold, or other injury. Innate and later adaptive immune mechanisms have been established that, uncontrolled, potentially lead to chronic disease or death, as in anaphylactic shock. The body system responds with the induction of various inflammatory pathways such as radical oxygen species, nitric oxide derivatives, complement compounds, adenosine monophosphate, antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, proteases, neuropeptides and growth factors, just to name a few. This chapter systematically covers the various mechanisms that regulate inflammatory and allergic responses and refers in a translational setting to the diseases that are involved in order better to understand the clinical characteristics of a skin disease, its differential diagnoses and optimal treatment options.
Photobiology
Authors: Young Antony R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The main source of human skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the sun, but people are also exposed to UVR in phototherapy and through the use of tanning devices. UVR has many important acute and long‐term effects on the skin. The most evident acute effects are erythema and tanning; skin cancer and photoageing are the long‐term effects. Acute and long‐term effects are dependent on the genetically determined skin type. All photobiological effects are initiated by the absorption of UVR energy by molecules in the skin called chromophores, of which DNA is an important example. Most of the effects of UVR on the skin are considered to be detrimental, but the synthesis of vitamin D is the only well‐established beneficial effect. Adequate photoprotection, which includes shade seeking, sunscreens and clothing, can reduce the adverse effects of UVR, whilst still allowing vitamin D synthesis.
Cutaneous Response to Injury and Wound Healing
Authors: O'Toole Edel A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWound healing is a complex and dynamic response to injury that can be divided into three phases: inflammation, re‐epithelialization and matrix remodelling. Interactions are required between keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and inflammatory cells, growth factors, extracellular matrix and enzymes called proteases. Fetal wounds can heal without scarring; however wounds in children and adults heal with a remodelling phase resulting in a scar. Non‐healing or chronic wounds occur because of infection or pressure as well as systemic factors such as ischaemia or diabetes. Abnormal scarring results in hypertrophic or keloid scars. The effect of secreted heat shock proteins, regulation by microRNAs, manipulation of macrophage polarization and wound treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (by direct application or mobilization from bone marrow) are new areas of interest.
Psychological and Social Impact of Long‐Term Dermatological Conditions
Authors: Bundy Christine , Cordingley Lis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn altered appearance associated with skin conditions may confer significant additional emotional and social burdens on patients. For some conditions, this burden is substantial and enduring. It is crucial to recognize that the degree of impact is not necessarily directly related to the severity of the underlying skin pathology but is more likely to be associated with people's beliefs about the condition, about its treatment and their perceived ability to cope. In routine clinical management, the life impact is rarely acknowledged or managed explicitly and this can have repercussions for self‐management, in particular adherence to prescribed treatment. This chapter summarizes current knowledge about the psychological and social impacts of a range of common skin conditions dermatologists will encounter and provides an understanding of an evidence‐based psychological approach to supporting and addressing patient needs in routine dermatological consultations.
Clinical Pharmacology
Authors: Smith Catherine H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Drug therapy forms a critical component of the management of skin disease, and the advent of targeted biological therapy has led to transformational improvements in outcomes for many patients. Clinical pharmacology deals with the actions, mechanisms of action, uses, adverse effects and fate of drugs in humans, and underpins all aspects of drug therapy from novel drug development through to safe, effective prescribing. Knowledge of these principles is essential to ensure optimal use of drug therapy in dermatology.