bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Optimization of an Ethanol Heavy-Duty Engine Using Design of Experiments and Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Tekgül Bulut , Liu I-Han , Vittal Manohar , Schanz Robert , Johnson Bernard H. , Blumreiter Julie , Magnotti Gina M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Diesel-fueled engines still hold a large market share in the medium and heavy-duty transportation sector. However, the increase in fossil fuel prices and the strict emission regulations are leading engine manufacturers to seek cleaner alternatives without a compromise in performance. Alcohol-based fuels, such as ethanol, offer a promising alternative to diesel fuel in meeting regulatory demands. Ethanol provides cleaner combustion and lower levels of soot due to its chemical properties, in particular its lower level of carbon content. In addition, the stoichiometric operating conditions of alcohol fueled engines enable the mitigation of NOx emissions in aftertreatment stage. With the promise of retrofitting diesel engines to run on ethanol to reduce emissions, the thermal efficiency of these engines remains the primary optimization target. In order to find the optimal ethanol-fueled engine design that maximizes the thermal efficiency, a large design space needs to be investigated using engineering tools. In this study, previous research by the authors on optimizing the design of a single-cylinder ethanol-fueled engine was extended to explore the design space for a heavy-duty multicylinder engine configuration. A heavy-duty engine setup with multiple operating conditions at different engine speeds and loads was considered. A design optimization analysis was performed to identify the potential designs that maximize the indicated thermal efficiency in an ethanol-fueled compression ignition engine. First, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the engine was validated using experimental data for four drive cycle points. Using a design of experiments (DoE) approach and a parameterized piston bowl geometry, the model was then exercised to explore the relationship among geometric features of the piston bowl and spray targeting angle and indicated thermal efficiency across all tested operating conditions. After evaluating 165 candidate designs, a piston bowl geometry was identified that yielded an increase between 1.3% and 2.2% points in indicated thermal efficiency for all tested conditions, while satisfying the operational design constraints for peak pressure and maximum pressure rise rate. The increased performance was attributed to enhance mixing that led to the formation of a more homogeneous distribution of in-cylinder temperature and equivalence ratio, higher combustion temperatures, and shorter combustion duration. Finally, a Bayesian optimization (BOpt) analysis was employed to find the optimal piston bowl geometry with a fixed spray injector angle for one of the operating conditions. Using BOpt, a piston candidate was identified that resulted in a 1.9% point increase in thermal efficiency from the baseline design, yet only required 65% of the design samples investigated using the DoE approach.
Damping Effect and Fluid Dynamic Analysis on Closing Process of Axial Flow Check Valve
Authors: Guan An-Qi , Xu Jia-Xiang , Jin Zhi-Jiang , Qian Jin-Yuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAxial flow check valve (AFCV) is widely used in piping systems because of its small flow resistance, low noise, and good sealing performance. Its working performance directly affects the safety of the pump unit and the reliability of piping system. In the event that an accident occurs in piping systems, AFCV is closed to prevent backflow. However, rapid closing of the valve can cause the disk to exert a large impact load on the seat, which can affect the service life of the valve and the process safety of the system loop. Therefore, it is necessary to study the transient closing characteristics of AFCV with damping structure. The dynamic mesh technology is used to simulate the closing process of AFCV with different damping structures. The effects of the structures of damping devices as well as the diameter of damping holes on the dynamic motion, fluid force, and damping characteristics are analyzed, respectively. The results show that the damping structure with damping holes not only has better performance in slow closing and deceleration than the damping structure with annular gap but also reduces pressure fluctuation more effectively. Moreover, the fluid damping force generated by the damping structure with damping holes during the closing process is linear with the square of the velocity. Also, the correlation between impact velocity and the diameter of damping holes is obtained. The selection strategy of machining accuracy of damping holes is proposed. This work can provide a certain reference value for the design of AFCV in practical engineering, and it can also benefit safety and maintenance of piping system.
Maximizing the potential of high-throughput next-generation sequencing through precise normalization based on read count distribution
Authors: Brennan Caitriona , Salido Rodolfo A. , Belda-Ferre Pedro , Bryant MacKenzie , Cowart Charles , Tiu Maria D. , González Antonio , McDonald Daniel , Tribelhorn Caitlin , Zarrinpar Amir , Knight Rob 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled many advances across diverse areas of biology, with many benefiting from increased sample size. Although the cost of running next-generation sequencing instruments has dropped substantially over time, the cost of sample preparation methods has lagged behind. To counter this, researchers have adapted library miniaturization protocols and large sample pools to maximize the number of samples that can be prepared by a certain amount of reagents and sequenced in a single run. However, due to high variability of sample quality, over and underrepresentation of samples in a sequencing run has become a major issue in high-throughput sequencing. This leads to misinterpretation of results due to increased noise, and additional time and cost rerunning underrepresented samples. To overcome this problem, we present a normalization method that uses shallow iSeq sequencing to accurately inform pooling volumes based on read distribution. This method is superior to the widely used fluorometry methods, which cannot specifically target adapter-ligated molecules that contribute to sequencing output. Our normalization method not only quantifies adapter-ligated molecules but also allows normalization of feature space; for example, we can normalize to reads of interest such as non-ribosomal reads. As a result, this normalization method improves the efficiency of high-throughput next-generation sequencing by reducing noise and producing higher average reads per sample with more even sequencing depth.

IMPORTANCE
High-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) has significantly contributed to the field of genomics; however, further improvements can maximize the potential of this important tool. Uneven sequencing of samples in a multiplexed run is a common issue that leads to unexpected extra costs or low-quality data. To mitigate this problem, we introduce a normalization method based on read counts rather than library concentration. This method allows for an even distribution of features of interest across samples, improving the statistical power of data sets and preventing the financial loss associated with resequencing libraries. This method optimizes NGS, which already has huge importance across many areas of biology.
Suprachoroidal and vitreous haemorrhage as a presenting feature of metastatic melanoma
Authors: Kaur Jeeventh , Popovic Marko , Krema Hatem , Koushan Keyvan 
Published: June 2023

A man in his 70s presented with right ocular pain, vision loss and temporal headache 4 days after undergoing laser peripheral iridotomy. The patient had lost 10 lbs over the preceding 6 weeks and had a medical history significant for a previously excised melanoma of the left arm. During the course of investigations, the patient was referred to oncology for workup, ultimately leading to a diagnosis of metastatic melanoma. Visceral metastases were identified in the lungs, right anterior fourth rib, left femoral distal diaphysis and medial side of the right globe. The patient decompensated and died shortly after his first radiotherapy treatment.This is the first published report of suprachoroidal haemorrhage secondary to metastasis from suspected cutaneous melanoma. The case highlights the importance of considering malignancy on the differential diagnosis for a suprachoroidal haemorrhage of unknown aetiology and involving oncology early for workup and treatment.
Bilateral cryptophthalmos with overlapping features of Manitoba oculo-tricho-anal (MOTA) syndrome and Fraser syndrome 2
Authors: Mwipopo Ernestina , Massomo Mariam Mngoya , Moshiro Robert , Manji Karim Premji 
Published: June 2023

A male baby with bilateral cryptophthalmos without eyebrows, distorted anterior hairline, bifid nasal tip, low-set ears, hypertelorism and low anorectal anomaly who was phenotypically diagnosed with Manitoba oculo-tricho-anal syndrome (mutation inFREM1gene) had an overlapping genotypic diagnosis of autosomal recessive Fraser syndrome 2 because of the presence of a closely related mutation inFREM2. This heterozygous variant was likely to be sporadic. Another mutation was identified in theCEP85Lgene indicating lissencephaly 10. This genetic condition has abnormal gyri pattern in the occiput area. This form of lissencephaly is characterised by phenotypic heterogeneity whereby some patients have only mild mental retardation, while others have a very complex clinical picture.In conclusion, this rare condition with the overlap of genetics between several conditions highlights the need for genetic testing even in an low middle income country (LMIC).
Youngest pancreas transplantation alone in the UK for type 1 diabetes and severe subcutaneous insulin resistance
Authors: Ho Garm Chi , Samuel Sajanee Liz , Haroon Usman , Drage Martin 
Published: June 2023

A child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus during her middle childhood developed severe subcutaneous insulin resistance as her illness progressed. This resulted in recurrent episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycaemia, eventually leading to intravenous insulin dependence. Despite intensive investigations, an organic cause was not found.The patient was in her late adolescence when she eventually received her pancreas transplant alone, the youngest patient in the UK. This case highlights severe peripheral insulin resistance as an important indication for whole organ pancreas transplantation in the paediatric population, as well as early recognition in the failure of conventional medical therapy.
Evaluation of a multimodal pain therapy approach with relapse prophylaxis for back pain (MMS-RFP study): a study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Krueger Kathrin , Schmetsdorf Julia , Pavlovic Maja , Runde Werner , Zechel Georg , Hemken Norbert , Krauth Christian 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThe need for an interdisciplinary multimodal approach to the treatment of back pain has already been demonstrated by various studies. However, when considering the periods of incapacity to work in the longitudinal course after the multimodal pain therapy (MPT), limits in terms of its sustainable effect become clear. Patients who receive MPT subsequently return to standard outpatient care, which is associated with a risk of relapse. A 12-month relapse prophylaxis (RP) programme, intended to follow a 4-week MPT, was developed to help patients make the transition to health-conscious and physically active behaviour in everyday life and to identify and prevent impending relapses at an early stage. The evaluation, based on a cluster randomised controlled trial, seeks to provide information on the benefits of early and intensive RP as part of MPT, examine whether it is cost effective, reduces the days of incapacity to work and increases functional capacity, as well as to examine other parameters.Methods and analysisThe study population comprises members of a regional statutory health insurance fund in Germany, who are ≤62 years old, gainfully employed and have been incapacitated for work for at least 21 days due to a diagnosis of back pain. Over a recruitment period of 24 months, a maximum of 368 individuals can potentially be included in the MPT. The intervention group (IG) and control group (CG) will both receive MPT, after randomisation IG will receive RP and CG will receive no further therapy or support as part of the trial. The evaluation is carried out on the following levels: structural, process and results quality. Cost effectiveness is also assessed by means of a health economic evaluation. In addition to the collection of qualitative and quantitative primary data, claims data from the regional health insurance fund are also included in the analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received approval by the ethics committee of the Hannover Medical School (reference number: 8548_BO_S_2019). The study results will be disseminated in national and international journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberDRKS00017654.
Patient compliance and satisfaction with a new forehead device for positional obstructive sleep apnoea treatment: a post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hidalgo-Armas Laura , Inglés Sandra , Vaca Rafaela , Cordero-Guevara José , Durán-Carro Joaquín , Ullate Jorge , Rigau Jordi , Durán-Cantolla Joaquin 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe influence of body position in obstructive sleep apnoea patients is well known. A positional therapy device placed at the forehead has proven to be effective in reducing the severity of positional obstructive sleep apnoea (POSA) symptoms. The aim of the study was to evaluate patients’ therapy compliance and satisfaction in the short term and mid-term.MethodsA post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial was conducted using an inactive device (ID) or an active device (AD) for 3 months. The primary outcomes were device usage and the percentage of patients with good compliance (defined as device use for more than 4 hours per night and more than 70% of nights per week). Secondary outcomes included time spent with head in the supine position, patient satisfaction and side effects.ResultsThe median duration of using the device was 6.9 hours in the ID group and 6.7 hours in the AD group (p=0.309), and the durations were similar throughout the follow-up period and from the first day of use. The percentage of patients with good compliance was similar and greater than 60% in both groups. The median time spent with head in the supine position was significantly lower in the AD group (2.9%) than in the ID group (12.4%) since the first day of treatment. Both groups showed satisfaction scores values above 8.5 (out of 10) in all items, while side effects were scarcely reported.ConclusionHigh device compliance was achieved in POSA patients, both in terms of device usage time and percentage of days used. Patients were highly satisfied, and the device effectively reduced the time spent with the head in the supine position from the first day of use.
Vitamin D status and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk: a prospective UK Biobank study
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Wan Xinglin , Liu Jiannan , Zhang Dandan , Luo Pengfei , Du Wencong , Chen Lulu , Su Jian , Hang Dong , Zhou Jinyi , Fan Xikang 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundLow vitamin D status has been linked to an increased risk for various inflammatory diseases. Conflicting results have been reported regarding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aims to investigate the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations with COPD risk and survival.MethodsWe included 403 648 participants with serum 25(OH)D measurements and free of COPD at baseline from UK Biobank. Follow-up was until 30 September 2021. Multivariable-adjusted cox regression models were applied to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the associations of season-standardised 25(OH)D concentrations with COPD risk and survival. The restricted cubic splines were used to assess dose–response relationship. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to create graphs of the survival curves.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 12.3 (IQR: 11.4–13.2) years, 11 008 cases of COPD were recorded. We observed a non-linear inverse association between 25(OH)D concentrations and COPD risk. Compared with participants in the fourth quintile of 25(OH)D, those in the lowest quintile were associated with a 23% higher risk (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.31). Stronger associations were observed for the risk in men and current smokers (Both p for interaction <0.05). In survival analyses, compared with the fourth quintile, cases in the lowest quintile had a 38% higher risk for overall death (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.56).ConclusionOur findings indicate that serum 25(OH)D concentrations are non-linearly negatively associated with incidence and mortality of COPD, suggesting a potential protective role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of COPD.
$$\varLambda {\bar{\varLambda }}$$ final-state interaction in the reactions $$e^+e^- \rightarrow \phi {\varLambda }{\bar{{\varLambda }}}$$ and $$e^+e^- \rightarrow \eta {\varLambda }{\bar{{\varLambda }}}$$
Authors: Haidenbauer Johann , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNear-threshold$$\varLambda {\bar{\varLambda }}$$ΛΛ¯mass spectra for the reactions$$e^+e^- \rightarrow \eta \varLambda {\bar{\varLambda }}$$e+e-→ηΛΛ¯and$$e^+e^- \rightarrow \phi \varLambda {\bar{\varLambda }}$$e+e-→ϕΛΛ¯are investigated with an emphasis on the role played by the interaction in the$$\varLambda {\bar{\varLambda }}$$ΛΛ¯system. A variety of$$\varLambda {\bar{\varLambda }}$$ΛΛ¯potential models is employed that have been established in the analysis of data on$$p{\bar{p}}\rightarrow \varLambda {\bar{\varLambda }}$$pp¯→ΛΛ¯in the past. It is shown that the near-threshold enhancement observed for the two$$e^+e^-$$e+e-reactions can be reproduced by considering the$$\varLambda {\bar{\varLambda }}$$ΛΛ¯final-state interaction in the partial waves suggested by the helicity-angle analysis of the experiments. For$$e^+e^- \rightarrow \eta \varLambda {\bar{\varLambda }}$$e+e-→ηΛΛ¯the same$$\varLambda {\bar{\varLambda }}$$ΛΛ¯S-wave interaction as in$$e^+e^- \rightarrow \varLambda {\bar{\varLambda }}$$e+e-→ΛΛ¯is relevant and with it a consistent description of the pertinent measurements can be achieved. It is pointed out that a nonzero threshold cross section as observed for the latter reaction is not supported by the new$$\eta \varLambda {\bar{\varLambda }}$$ηΛΛ¯data.
Cross-basin Mo and U analysis of the Upper Mississippian Bowland Shale, UK
Authors: Walker Jack , Emmings Joseph F. , Acikalin Sanem , Flynn Shannon , van der Land Cees , Jones Martin , Vane Christopher H. , Hennissen Jan A. I. , Hough Ed , Wagner Thomas , Craddock Lucy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The Bowland sub-basin is a target for hydrocarbon exploration, but to a large extent it remains unexplored. To determine the economic potential of the Bowland sub-basin, it is important to identify the oceanographic processes involved in the deposition of the Bowland Shale Formation in the Late Mississippian (
c.
330 Ma). Palaeoceanographic processes are known to be a major control on the development of hydrocarbon source rocks. This study investigates core (Preese Hall-1 and Becconsall-1Z) materials from the Upper Bowland Shale, and makes a comparison with previously published data (outcrop Hind Clough), all from the Bowland sub-basin, Lancashire, UK. The sedimentology and geochemistry of this formation were determined via a multi-technique approach including X-ray fluorescence, sedimentology, gamma-ray spectra, X-ray diffraction and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Key trace metal abundances and enrichment factors were used to assess sediment provenance and to determine the bottom-water redox conditions during the deposition of the Upper Bowland Shale. Our results support interpretations of contemporaneous anoxia developing in bottom waters in at least three sites in the Bowland sub-basin. In a comparison with the Fort Worth Basin (Barnett Shale, USA), the Bowland sub-basin was apparently less restricted and deposited under a much higher mean sediment accumulation rate. Knowledge from this study will improve future resource estimates of the Bowland Shale Formation, and challenge the early assumptions that the Barnett Shale is an analogue of the Bowland Shale.
Structural inheritance in Carolinia, external to the excised Rheic Suture: Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA.
Authors: Dennis A. J. , Shervais J. W. , Maher H. D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Phanerozoic reactivations of basement fault zones are documented in 5000 m of basement core recovered from beneath the updip Atlantic Coastal Plain underlying the US Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina. These basement fault zones are adjacent to the excised Rheic Ocean suture. Meta-intrusive rocks from
c.
620 and 625 Ma contain a mylonitic fabric and intrude foliated mafic metavolcanic rocks. At
c.
305 Ma, granulite facies orthogneisses were thrust over amphibolite facies meta-igneous rocks in the transpressive Tinker Creek Nappe. The overturned limb of the nappe localizes the Triassic Dunbarton Basin Border Fault. The border fault acted as a conduit for fluids in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. At
c.
220 ± 5 Ma, a potassium and silica metasomatic event affected the SRS basement. A propylitic event flushed reducing fluids through rocks as young as the Santonian. The remains of a Triassic sub-basin were identified in the northwesten part of the site. A Cretaceous and younger vein paragenesis overprints the previous events. More than 30 pseudotachylytes are found in the SRS basement and are preferentially localized on metasomatized Alleghanian chloritic fractures. Pseudotachylyte post-dates mineralized fractures. The Pen Branch Fault offsets the basement–Cretaceous unconformity and is present in
c.
242 m of core between PBF-7-419 m and PBF-7-660.8 m. The Pen Branch Fault cross-cuts mineralized fractures and must post-date strike-normal zeolites.
Assessment of Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Garg Vikas , Oza Amit M. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryAccurately assessing homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) to use as a predictive biomarker is an area of intense research in ovarian cancer. Validated assays have demonstrated utility in determining maintenance therapy following platinum sensitive chemotherapy. Novel functional assays promise the potential to reflect HRD in real time and predict response to PARP inhibitors.See related articles by Pikkusaari et al., p. 3110 and Blanc-Durand et al., p. 3124