bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortgage Design and Slow Recoveries: The Role of Recourse and Default
Authors: Gete Pedro , Zecchetto Franco 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We show that mortgage recourse systems, by discouraging default, magnify the impact of nominal rigidities. They cause deeper and more persistent recessions. This mechanism can account for up to 31% of the recovery gap during the Great Recession between the U.S., mostly a non-recourse economy, and Spain, a recourse economy. General equilibrium effects explain most of the differences between mortgage systems. With recourse, highly indebted homeowners dramatically cut consumption in a crisis, and account for a larger share of the aggregate consumption decline. However, without recourse, mortgages would be more expensive for riskier households, and homeownership rates would be lower.
Tannin-based product in feedlot diet as a strategy to reduce enteric methane emissions of Nellore cattle finished under tropical conditions
Authors: Magnani Elaine , Silva Thiago H , Sakamoto Leandro , Manella Marcelo Q , Dias Fabio M G N , Mercadante Maria E , Henry Darren , Marcatto Juliana O S , Paula Eduardo M , Branco Renata H 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A total of 120 Nellore bulls, [initial body weight (BW) = 307 ± 11.6 kg and 12 mo of age] were allocated into 12 collective pens (10 bulls per pen) in a commercial feedlot to evaluate the effects of a specific blend of tannin and saponins on enteric methane (CH4) emissions. The study was a completely randomized design, in which pens were considered the experimental units (N = 6 pens per treatment) and were randomly allocated into one of two treatments: 1) Control (CON), a basal diet with monensin supplementation (25 mg/kg dry matter [DM]; Rumensin, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, USA), or 2) Control + a specific blend of tannin and saponins (TAN; 0.7 g/kg DM; composed of quebracho and chestnut tannin extracts along with carriers from cereals rich in saponins; SilvaFeed BX, Silvateam, San Michele Mondovi, CN, Italy). After the adaptation period (20 d), the experiment was divided into two phases: growing phase (21 to 53 d; total of 33 d) and fattening phase (54 to 139 d; total of 86 d). Enteric methane emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique. Interactions between treatment and period (growing vs. fattening) were detected for daily CH4 emissions, in which animals fed TAN reduced CH4 emissions by 17.3% during the fattening period compared to bulls fed CON (P = 0.05). In addition, bulls fed TAN had lower CH4 emissions expressed by dry matter intake (DMI) during the fattening period compared to bulls fed CON (P = 0.06). The findings presented herein indicate that a specific blend of tannin and saponins can be used as a strategy to reduce enteric CH4 emissions and its intensity of Nellore bulls finished in feedlot systems under tropical conditions.
Understanding the impact of transformational leadership on nurse compassion provision through a time-lagged field study
Authors: Larson Jeffrey D. , Perkins Benjamin G. , Chawla Nitya , Ellis Aleksander P. J. 
Published: May 2023

Background
A large volume of literature identifies positive, rejuvenating benefits associated with giving compassion to others. However, the relationship between giving compassion and feelings of exhaustion remains underexplored. Understanding when giving compassion can potentially lead to feelings of emotional exhaustion is particularly important for nurses who are called upon to provide high levels of compassion to suffering patients in their daily work. We suggest that by engaging in transformational leadership behaviors, frontline supervisors can help nurses realize the positive benefits associated with giving compassion.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of nurses’ perceptions of transformational leadership offered by their supervisors on the relationship between the levels of compassionate behaviors nurses report engaging in with patients and feelings of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction.

Methodology/Approach
A time-lagged field survey was conducted across two waves of 112 full-time employed inpatient nurses within the United States.

Results
Providing high levels of compassionate behavior to patients was associated with reduced (increased) perceptions of emotional exhaustion and increased (decreased) job satisfaction when supervisors engaged in higher (lower) levels of transformational leadership.

Discussion
Transformational leadership serves as an important resource to help caregivers such that nurses feel invigorated and satisfied, as opposed to drained or fatigued, when engaging in high levels of compassionate behaviors toward suffering patients.

Practice Implications
For nurses to fully reap the established positive benefits associated with providing compassion to patients, frontline supervisors should be encouraged to engage in behaviors reflective of transformational leadership.
Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Widge Alik S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established approach to treating medication-refractory neurological disorders and holds promise for treating psychiatric disorders. Despite strong open-label results in extremely refractory patients, DBS has struggled to meet endpoints in randomized controlled trials. A major challenge is stimulation “dosing”—DBS systems have many adjustable parameters, and clinicians receive little feedback on whether they have chosen the correct parameters for an individual patient. Multiple groups have proposed closed loop technologies as a solution. These systems sense electrical activity, identify markers of an (un)desired state, then automatically deliver or adjust stimulation to alter that electrical state. Closed loop DBS has been successfully deployed in movement disorders and epilepsy. The availability of that technology, as well as advances in opportunities for invasive research with neurosurgical patients, has yielded multiple pilot demonstrations in psychiatric illness. Those demonstrations split into two schools of thought, one rooted in well-established diagnoses and symptom scales, the other in the more experimental Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. Both are promising, and both are limited by the boundaries of current stimulation technology. They are in turn driving advances in implantable recording hardware, signal processing, and stimulation paradigms. The combination of these advances is likely to change both our understanding of psychiatric neurobiology and our treatment toolbox, though the timeframe may be limited by the realities of implantable device development.
Intraobserver Repeatability Assessment of the S390L Firefly WDR Slitlamp in Patients With Dry Eye Disease: Objective, Automated, and Noninvasive Measures
Authors: Ballesteros-Sánchez Antonio , Gargallo-Martínez Beatriz , Gutiérrez-Ortega Ramón , Sánchez-González José-María 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
To assess the intraobserver repeatability of automated, objective, and noninvasive measures obtained with the S390L Firefly WDR slitlamp.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 50 eyes of patients with dry eye disease with a mean age of 55.06±12.96 years. Three consecutively repeated measures of the following variables were obtained: first noninvasive break-up time (F-NIBUT), average noninvasive break-up time (A-NIBUT), tear meniscus height, tear meniscus area (TMA), nasal ciliary hyperemia (NCIH), temporal ciliary hyperemia (TCIH), nasal conjunctival hyperemia (NCOH), temporal conjunctival hyperemia (TCOH), upper loss area meibomian gland (U-LAMG), lower loss area meibomian gland (L-LAMG), upper meibomian gland dysfunction grade (U-MGD grade), and lower meibomian gland dysfunction grade (L-MGD grade). Intraobserver repeatability was estimated with coefficient of variation (CoV), intrasubject standard deviation (SD) (Sw), and Bland–Altman plots.

Results:
All variables showed no statistically significant differences in the repeated-measures analysis except for L-MGD grade (P=0.045). F-NIBUT and A-NIBUT obtained the highest CoV with an average value of 0.48±0.41 [0.02–1.00] and 0.34±0.25 [0.02–1.00], respectively. The remaining variables showed CoVs between 0.04±0.11 [0.00–0.43] and 0.18±0.16 [0.00–0.75]. A-NIBUT, TMA, NCOH, and L-LAMG obtained an Sw of 2.78s, 0.21 mm2, <0.001, and 4.11%, respectively. Bland–Altman plots showed a high level of agreement between pairs of repeated measures.

Conclusion:
The S390L Firefly WDR slitlamp has moderate intraobserver repeatability for F-NIBUT and A-NIBUT, which suggests that F-NIBUT and A-NIBUT are tests with high variability. The remaining variables show satisfactory intraobserver repeatability.
Association Between Longitudinal 10-2 Central Visual Field Change and the Risk of Visual Acuity Loss in Mild-to-Moderate Glaucoma
Authors: Wu Jo-Hsuan , Moghimi Sasan , Nishida Takashi , Kamalipour Alireza , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Fazio Massimo , Girkin Christopher A. , Zangwill Linda M. , Weinreb Robert N. 
Published: May 2023

Précis:
Faster worsening of 10-2 visual field (VF) was associated with the development of visual acuity (VA) loss in mild-to-moderate glaucoma, suggesting longitudinal 10-2 VF change is associated with the risk of VA impairment.

Purpose:
To examine whether longitudinal 10-2 central VF change is associated with the risk of VA loss in glaucoma.

Patients and Methods:
Primary open angle glaucoma and glaucoma suspect eyes with ≥3 years and 5 visits of 10-2 VF examinations were included. Cox proportional hazard modeling with shared frailty was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) of 10-2 VF mean deviation (MD), superior hemifield mean sensitivity (hemi-MS), and inferior hemi-MS worsening rates for developing VA loss, defined as a change in logMAR VA ≥95% test-retest variability.

Results:
Among the 252 eyes (148 participants, mean follow-up = 5.8 y), 30 eyes (21 participants, mean follow-up = 4.9 y) developed VA loss. There was no difference in baseline VF between eyes with and without VA loss (P > 0.05). Eyes with VA loss showed faster 10-2 VF MD worsening [−0.39 (95% CI: −0.60, −0.18) dB/y] and hemi-MS decrease (range: −0.42~−0.38 dB/y), as compared with no-VA loss eyes [10-2 VF MD change = −0.11 (−0.16, −0.07) dB/y; hemi-MS change: −0.12~−0.07 dB/y; P < 0.05]. In the multivariable model, faster 10-2 VF MD worsening [HR (95% CI) = 4.05 (1.61, 10.22), per 1 dB/y faster], superior hemi-MS decrease [HR (95% CI) = 7.07 (2.48, 20.14), per 1 dB/y faster], and inferior hemi-MS decrease [HR (95% CI) = 8.32 (1.99, 34.91), per 1 dB/y faster] were all associated with increased risk of developing VA loss (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Faster 10-2 VF MD and hemifield MS worsening are associated with the development of VA loss. Monitoring the longitudinal central 10-degree VF change may suggest that there is impending VA impairment in glaucoma.
Slow-Coagulation Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation Laser Treatment for Medically Uncontrolled Secondary Aphakic Adult Glaucoma
Authors: Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Khodeiry Mohamed M. , Liu Xiangxiang , Sayed Mohamed S. , Lee Richard K. 
Published: May 2023

Précis:
Slow-coagulation CW-TSCPC is an efficacious, relatively safe, and non-incisional laser treatment option as an initial surgical glaucoma management choice, in secondary aphakic adult glaucoma that is medically uncontrolled.

Purpose:
This study evaluates the outcomes of slow-coagulation continuous wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CW-TSCPC) laser for treating secondary aphakic adult glaucoma after complicated cataract surgery as a primary surgical intervention.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective chart review of adult aphakic eyes with medically uncontrolled glaucoma underwent slow-coagulation CW-TSCPC as a primary surgical glaucoma intervention was performed. Surgical success was the primary outcome measure. Success was defined as postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 21 mm Hg with ≥20% reduction compared with baseline and no need for further glaucoma surgeries or development of vision-threatening complications. The secondary outcomes included changes in IOP, glaucoma medication numbers, visual acuity, and postoperative complications during the first year after laser treatment after laser treatment.

Results:
This study included 41 eyes of 41 patients. The mean age of study participants was 66.7±13.1 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 19±3.5 months. At one year, the success rate was 63.4%. A statistically significant reduction of the IOP was observed, with the mean IOP decreasing from 29.6±5.8 mm Hg with a mean of 3.9±1.0 medications at baseline to a mean of 19.0±6.4 mm Hg with a mean of 2.5±1.2 medications at 12 months (P<0.001). Four eyes received CW-TSCPC retreatment, and 2 eyes required incisional glaucoma surgeries. Reported postoperative complications included: visual acuity decline ≥2 lines in 7 eyes, iritis in 6 eyes, hyphema in 5 eyes, cystoid macular edema in 2 eyes, and transient hypotony in 1 eye.

Conclusion:
Slow-coagulation CW-TSCPC is an efficacious, relatively safe, and non-incisional laser treatment option as an initial surgical glaucoma management choice, in secondary aphakic adult glaucoma that is medically uncontrolled.
Bacterial Colonization of the Lower Airways in Children With Esophageal Atresia
Authors: van Tuyll van Serooskerken Eleonora Sofie , Duhoky Rauand , Verweij Johannes W. , Bont Louis , Arets Hubertus G.M. , Bittermann Arnold J.N. , van der Zee David C. , Tytgat Stefaan H.A.J. , Lindeboom Maud Y.A. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Esophageal atresia (EA) is most often accompanied by some degree of tracheomalacia (TM), which negatively influences the airway by ineffective clearance of secretions. This can lead to lower airway bacterial colonization (LABC), which may cause recurrent respiratory tract infections (RTIs). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and specific pathogens of LABC in EA patients.

Methods:
A 5-year retrospective single-site cohort study was conducted including all EA patients that had undergone an intraoperative bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) during various routine surgical interventions. Concentrations of greater than 10 cfu were considered evidence of LABC.

Results:
We recruited 68 EA patients, of which 12 were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. In the remaining 56 patients, a total of 90 BAL samples were obtained. In 57% of the patients, at least 1 BAL sample was positive for LABC. Respiratory symptoms were reported in 21 patients at the time of the BAL, of which 10 (48%) had LABC. Haemophilus influenzae (14%) and Staphylococcus aureus (16%) were most frequently found in the BAL samples. The number of respiratory tract infections and the existence of a recurrent fistula were significantly associated with LABC (P = 0.008 and P = 0.04, respectively).

Conclusions:
This is the first study showing that patients with EA have a high prevalence of bacterial colonization of the lower airways which may be a leading mechanism of severe and recurrent respiratory complications.
Bacteremia in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lubell Tamar R. , Cruz Andrea T. , Tanverdi Melisa S. , Ochs Julie B. , Lobritto Steven , Saini Sukhpreet , Mavrogiorgos Evangelia , Dayan Peter S. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
We aimed to determine the frequency of bacteremia, septic shock and bacterial meningitis in pediatric liver transplant recipients (pLTRs) in the outpatient setting and to identify clinical factors associated with bacteremia.

Methods:
Multicenter retrospective study of pLTRs evaluated in the emergency department or outpatient clinic between 2010 and 2018 for suspected infection, defined as fever ≥38 °C or a blood culture obtained. We excluded patients with nontransplant immunodeficiency, multiorgan transplants or intestinal failure. The primary outcome was bacteremia; secondary outcomes included fluid-refractory septic shock, bacterial meningitis and antibiotic resistance. The unit of analysis was the encounter.

Results:
A total of 151 children had 336 encounters for infection evaluation within 2 years of transplant. Of 307 (91.4%) encounters with blood cultures, 17 (5.5%) had bacteremia, with 10 (58.8%) occurring within 3 months of transplant. Fluid-refractory septic shock and bacterial meningitis occurred in 7 of 307 (2.8%) and 0 of 307 encounters, respectively. Factors associated with bacteremia included closer proximity to transplant (<3 months) [odds ratio (OR): 3.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–9.8; P = 0.01], shorter duration of illness (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.5–12.0; P < 0.01) and the presence of a central venous catheter (CVC) (OR: 12.7; 95% CI: 4.4–36.6; P < 0.01). However, 5 (29.4%) encounters with bacteremia had none of these factors. Among Gram-positive pathogens, 1 of 7 (14.2%) isolates were resistant to vancomycin. Among Gram-negative pathogens, 3 of 13 (23.1%) isolates were resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins.

Conclusions:
Bacteremia was an important cause of infection within 2 years of pLTR. Clinical factors increased the risk of bacteremia. Further, large sample studies should derive multivariable models to identify those at high and low risk of bacteremia to optimize antibiotic use.
Neonatal Parotitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pollenus Julie , Van Lierde Stefaan 
Published: May 2023

Background:Neonatal parotitis is a rare disease. Between 1970 and 2011 only 44 cases have been reported in the English literature.Methods:In this case report, we describe a case of neonatal parotitis caused by Group B streptococcus (GBS). Additionally, we performed a review of the recent literature. We found 18 new cases published between 2011 and 2020. These cases were analyzed together with the 44 cases published before 2011.Results:All patients presented with swelling over the parotid area, with varying degrees of local inflammation and general symptoms. Purulent discharge from the Stensen’s duct was present in 85% of the patients. The swelling was usually unilateral (84%). In total 70% of the patients were male. Prematurity was reported in 29% of the cases. The most common isolated pathogen wasStaphylococcus aureus(68%). Only 5 cases were found describing GBS as the causative pathogen in neonatal parotitis. In most of the cases treatment with intravenous antibiotics was successful, 27% of the patients needed surgical drainage. The reported outcomes were good.Conclusions:When comparing GBS cases and non-GBS cases there seems to be a difference in presenting symptoms and pathophysiology, with GBS patients presenting without purulent discharge form the Stensen’s duct and with more severe generalized symptoms. Additionally, all GBS patients had a positive blood culture, compared to 27% of the non-GBS patients, which indicates that in GBS cases the major route of parotid infection is hematogenous, compared to a retrograde flow from the oral cavity to the parotid gland in non-GBS cases.
Early-life adversity increases morphine tolerance and persistent inflammatory hypersensitivity through upregulation of δ opioid receptors in mice
Authors: Singleton Sam , Sneddon Claire , Bakina Alice , Lambert Jeremy J. , Hales Tim G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Exposure to severely stressful events during childhood is associated with poor health outcomes in later life, including chronic pain and substance use disorder. However, the mediators and mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the impact of a well-characterized mouse model of early-life adversity, fragmented maternal care (FC) between postnatal day 2 and 9, on nociception, inflammatory hypersensitivity, and responses to morphine. Male and female mice exposed to FC exhibited prolonged basal thermal withdrawal latencies and decreased mechanical sensitivity. In addition, morphine had reduced potency in mice exposed to FC and their development of tolerance to morphine was accelerated. Quantitative PCR analysis in several brain regions and the spinal cords of juvenile and adult mice revealed an impact of FC on the expression of genes encoding opioid peptide precursors and their receptors. These changes included enhanced abundance of δ opioid receptor transcript in the spinal cord. Acute inflammatory hypersensitivity (induced by hind paw administration of complete Freund's adjuvant) was unaffected by exposure to FC. However, after an initial recovery of mechanical hypersensitivity, there was a reappearance in mice exposed to FC by day 15, which was not seen in control mice. Changes in nociception, morphine responses, and hypersensitivity associated with FC were apparent in males and females but were absent from mice lacking δ receptors or β-arrestin2. These findings suggest that exposure to early-life adversity in mice enhances δ receptor expression leading to decreased basal sensitivity to noxious stimuli coupled with accelerated morphine tolerance and enhanced vulnerability to persistent inflammatory hypersensitivity.
Impact of Occupations and Hobbies on the Severity of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Shields Lisa B.E. , Iyer Vasudeva G. , Daniels Michael W. , Zhang Yi Ping , Shields Christopher B. 
Published: May 2023

Objective
This study describes the clinical and electrodiagnostic (EDX) findings as well as occupations and hobbies in 613 patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods
Patients with moderate, moderately severe, or severe CTS based on EDX criteria were included.

Results
The most common occupations included workers in offices, construction/maintenance, and assembly lines. The occupation severity scores were greatest in garment workers, musicians, and landscapers. Regardless of occupation, patient age and occupation duration were significantly correlated (P < 0.001). Gardeners had the highest average severity score of the hobbies, followed by painters, those who sew, and individuals who perform house chores.

Conclusions
Physicians should be aware of particular occupations and hobbies associated with a greater risk of severe CTS and offer modifications to their patients’ work duties and hobbies to minimize the likelihood of developing severe CTS.