bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Events Among Survivors of Sepsis Hospitalization: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Jentzer Jacob C. , Lawler Patrick R. , Van Houten Holly K. , Yao Xiaoxi , Kashani Kianoush B. , Dunlay Shannon M. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Sepsis is associated with an elevated risk of late cardiovascular events among hospital survivors.

Methods and Results

We included OptumLabs Data Warehouse patients from 2009 to 2019 who survived a medical/nonsurgical hospitalization lasting at least 2 nights. The association between sepsis during hospitalization, based on explicit and implicit discharge
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
(
ICD‐9
)/
Tenth Revision
(
ICD‐10
) diagnosis codes, with subsequent death and rehospitalization was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox proportional‐hazards models. The study population included 2 258 464 survivors of nonsurgical hospitalization (5 396 051 total patient‐years of follow‐up). A total of 808 673 (35.8%) patients had a sepsis hospitalization, including implicit sepsis only in 448 644, explicit sepsis only in 124 841, and both in 235 188. Patients with sepsis during hospitalization had an elevated risk of all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.27 [95% CI, 1.25–1.28];
P
<0.001), all‐cause rehospitalization (adjusted HR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.37–1.39];
P
<0.001), and cardiovascular hospitalization (adjusted HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.41–1.44];
P
<0.001), especially heart failure hospitalization (adjusted HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.49–1.53]). Patients with implicit sepsis had higher risk than those with explicit sepsis. A sensitivity analysis using the first hospitalization yielded concordant results for cardiovascular hospitalization (adjusted HR, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.76–1.78];
P
<0.001), as did a propensity‐weighted analysis (adjusted HR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.50–1.54];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Survivors of sepsis hospitalization are at elevated risk of early and late post‐discharge death as well as cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular rehospitalization. This hazard spans the spectrum of cardiovascular events and may suggest that sepsis is an important cardiovascular risk factor.
Mediation of Systemic Inflammation on Insulin Resistance and Prognosis of Nondiabetic Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jin Aoming , Wang Shukun , Li Jiejie , Wang Mengxing , Lin Jinxi , Li Hao , Meng Xia , Wang Yongjun , Pan Yuesong 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Insulin resistance is associated with stroke recurrence and poor functional outcomes of nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke. The study aimed to investigate whether the association between insulin resistance and the prognosis of nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke was mediated by systematic inflammation.

Methods:

Patients with ischemic stroke but without a history of diabetes who were enrolled in CNSR-III (Third China National Stroke Registry) were included in the study and followed up for 1 year after stroke onset. Insulin resistance was determined by using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and Lp-PLA
2
(lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A
2
) activity were measured at baseline. The primary outcome was stroke recurrence, and other outcomes included composite vascular events, mortality, and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 3–6). Multivariable Cox or logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the association between HOMA-IR and the study outcomes. A mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between insulin resistance and the study outcomes mediated by systemic inflammation.

Results:

Among a total of 3808 nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke who were included in the study, the median HOMA-IR was 1.79 (interquartile range, 1.05–2.97). After adjustments for potential confounders, higher HOMA-IR quartiles were associated with higher risks of stroke recurrence, ischemic stroke, and composite vascular events, especially in the large artery atherosclerosis subtype. hs-CRP partially mediated the association between the HOMA-IR index and the prognosis of ischemic stroke (mediation proportion, 5.9% for stroke recurrence and 7.5% for composite vascular events). No evidence of Lp-PLA
2
activity mediating the association of insulin resistance with stroke outcomes was observed.

Conclusions:
Our study found that insulin resistance was associated with poor clinical outcomes in nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke, which was partially mediated by hs-CRP with a modest amount.
Sadism to Solidarity: Notes on Art, Philosophy, and the Algerian War
Authors: Toscano Alberto 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This essay considers a range of artistic and intellectual responses to the Algerian War of Independence that foregrounded the problem of extreme violence. It homes in on the suggestive nexus between anti-colonial solidarities in the metropole and the obsessive concern of artistic, literary, and philosophical avant-gardes with the thought of the Marquis de Sade. It explores how the returns to and of Sade that punctuated the French intellectual scene over the twentieth century could serve as a prism through which to politicize, represent and challenge the manifestations of extreme state and para-state violence in a colonial setting.
Episodic Memory Retrieval Affects the Onset and Dynamics of Evidence Accumulation during Value-based Decisions
Authors: Kraemer Peter M. , Gluth Sebastian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In neuroeconomics, there is much interest in understanding simple value-based choices where agents choose between visually presented goods, comparable to a shopping scenario in a supermarket. However, many everyday decisions are made in the physical absence of the considered goods, requiring agents to recall information about the goods from memory. Here, we asked whether and how this reliance on an internal memory representation affects the temporal dynamics of decision making on a cognitive and neural level. Participants performed a remember-and-decide task in which they made simple purchasing decisions between money offers and snack items while undergoing EEG. Snack identity was presented either visually (value trials) or had to be recalled from memory (memory trials). Behavioral data indicated comparable choice consistency across both trial types, but considerably longer RTs in memory trials. Drift-diffusion modeling suggested that this RT difference was because of longer nondecision time of decision processes as well as altered evidence accumulation dynamics (lower accumulation rate and higher decision threshold). The nondecision time effect was supported by a delayed onset of the lateralized readiness potential. These results show that both decision and nondecision processes are prolonged when participants need to resort to internal memory representations during value-based decisions.
Meteorological Conditions of Extreme Heavy Rains over Coastal City Mumbai
Authors: Mohanty Shyama , Swain Madhusmita , Nadimpalli Raghu , Osuri K. K. , Mohanty U. C. , Patel Pratiman , Niyogi Dev 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The city of Mumbai, India, frequently receives extreme rainfall (>204.5 mm day−1) during the summer monsoonal period (June–September), causing flash floods and other hazards. An assessment of the meteorological conditions that lead to these rain events is carried out for 15 previous cases from 1980 to 2020. The moisture source for such rain events over Mumbai is generally an offshore trough, a midtropospheric cyclone, or a Bay of Bengal depression. The analysis shows that almost all of the extreme rain events are associated with at least two of these conditions co-occurring. The presence of a narrow zone of high sea surface temperature approximately along the latitude of Mumbai over the Arabian Sea can favor mesoscale convergence and is observed at least 3 days before the event. Anomalous wind remotely supplying copious moisture from the Bay of Bengal adds to the intensity of the rain event. The presence of midtropospheric circulation and offshore trough, along with the orographic lifting of the moisture, give a unique meteorological setup to bring about highly localized catastrophic extreme rainfall events over Mumbai. The approach adopted in this study can be utilized for other such locales to develop location-specific guidance that can aid the local forecasting and emergency response communities. Further, it also provides promise for using data-driven/machine learning–based pattern analysis for developing warning triggers.

Significance Statement
We have identified the meteorological conditions that lead to extreme heavy rains over Mumbai, India. They are that 1) at least two of these rain-bearing systems, offshore trough, midtropospheric circulation, and Bay of Bengal depression moving north-northwestward are concurrently present, 2) an anomalous high SST gradient is present along the same latitude as Mumbai, and 3) the Western Ghats orography favors the rainfall extreme to be highly localized over Mumbai.
Stratospheric Modulation of Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Warming-Induced Circulation Changes in an Idealized General Circulation Model
Authors: Walz Roland , Garny Hella , Birner Thomas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The stratospheric polar vortex is dynamically coupled to the tropospheric circulation. Therefore, a better mechanistic understanding of this coupled system is important to interpret past and future circulation changes correctly. Previously, idealized simulations with a dry dynamical-core general circulation model and imposed tropical upper-tropospheric warming (TUTW) have shown that a critical warming level exists at which the polar vortex transitions from a weak and variable to a strong and stable regime. Here, we investigate the dynamical mechanism responsible for this regime transition and its influence on the troposphere by performing similar idealized experiments with (REF) and without a polar vortex (NPV). According to the critical-layer control mechanism, the strengthened upper flank of the subtropical jet in response to TUTW leads to an accelerated wave-driven residual circulation in both experiments. For the REF experiment, the stronger residual circulation is associated with changes in the lower-stratospheric thermal structure that are consistent with an equatorward shift of the polar vortex. At a certain threshold of TUTW in the REF experiment, the tropospheric jet and the stratospheric polar vortex form a confined waveguide for planetary-scale waves that presumably favors downward wave coupling events. Consistently, the polar vortex strengthens in combination with an enhanced poleward shift of the tropospheric jet compared to the NPV experiment. Overall, these idealized experiments suggest that a polar vortex strengthening can be caused by greenhouse gas–induced warmings via modifications of the waveguide. This mechanism might also be relevant to understand the polar vortex changes in more complex models.
The Sociodemographic Profile of Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Serious Mental Illness in Kerala – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Thavody Jayakrishnan , Sujina CM  , Chandran Priya , Shibu Kamar TM  , Tharayil Harish M , Mohan Neethu , Prabakaran Anusha 
Published: February 2023

Background: Older adults with serious mental illness (OASMI) have to manage the twin challenges of old age and mental illness. Understanding their characteristics will help policymakers and researchers plan tailored interventions. The profile of OASMI is not described in any publication from India, and this paper addresses that gap. The information from this study will serve as a baseline for the planned periodic follow-up of the study participants. Methods: This study employed a cross- sectional design among a sample of OASMI identified through multistage cluster sampling from three districts in Kerala. We interviewed them in their households and collected sociodemographic data using a pretested tool. Results: Among the 917 OASMI participants, 66% were females, 18% were the ‘oldest-old’ (≥80 years), 94.1% were unemployed, 51.7% were socially backward, 68.5% were financially weak, 10.1% were living alone, 59.4% were living without partners, and 63.7% had caregivers. Conclusion: Compared to the general population of older adults in Kerala, the OASMI have poorer socioeconomic status and higher rates of social isolation, and males are dying earlier. The profile of the OASMI depicts their multiple vulnerabilities and the need to address those.
Association of Social Network Characteristics with Substance Use among College-Going Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pradeep Kumar P.C.  , Antony Sojan , Murthy Pratima , Thirumoorthy A. , Philip Mariamma 
Published: February 2023

Background: Family members, peers, and significant others are part of a college student’s social network. This cross-sectional study aimed to Assess substance use prevalence and patterns among college students, Compare the social network characteristics of substance users (SUs) and non-users (NUs), and Explore the association of social factors with substance use. Methods: The study involved 902 students from 11 Government and aided private degree colleges. Demographic and clinical data sheet, ASSIST, and Social Network Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Results: Prevalence of substance use was 26.9% and higher among males (21.5%). Alcohol (20%) and tobacco (15.5%) were the commonly used substances. SUs’ network was composed of unmarried persons (p<0.002), male members (p<0.001), and friends (p<0.001) with substance use. In contrast, the NUs’ network comprised parents (p<0.016) and siblings (p<0.001). NUs had a higher number of influential members in the network, whereas SUs had more closeness with members and received higher financial support (p<0.001). Participant’s age (OR 1.27), family history of substance use (OR 2.46), parents’ occupation (Business: OR 1.79, being employee in the government or industry: OR 1.76),and having three substance-using members in the network (OR .211) were found to be risk factors. Conclusion: Social network has an association with substance use among college students. Social-network-based interventions may benefit them.
Operation clean up: A model for eco-leadership and sustainability implementation
Authors: Davies Jessica F , Seglenieks Richard , Cameron Rose , Kuruvilla Niketh A , Grove Emma M , Shrivathsa Archana , Grobler Sophia 
Published: February 2023

Healthcare contributes to environmental harm. Trainee-led Research and Audit in Anaesthesia for Sustainable Healthcare (TRA2SH) is an Australasian network focused on sustainable anaesthesia practice. TRA2SH hypothesised that trainee-led audits alongside education presented on a scheduled national day, called Operation Clean Up, can improve engagement with sustainability initiatives. This paper aims to describe the first two years of Operation Clean Up in terms of goals, achievements and data collected so far. Environmental themes for Operation Clean Up were chosen based on available evidence (life cycle analyses and observational studies). The first Operation Clean Up (OCU 2020) focused on reducing the unnecessary use of single-use disposable absorbent pads (known as ‘blueys’ in Australia, ‘greenies’ in New Zealand). OCU 2021 included: refuse desflurane, reduce bluey use, reuse drug trays, and recycle paper and cardboard. TRA2SH provided an information pack to trainees who presented educational material to their department and fed back procurement figures to quantify each item. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse de-identified pooled data submitted to a centralised database. Eight departments submitted data for OCU 2020 and six provided follow-up data. Bluey use was reduced from a median of 37 to 34 blueys per ten surgical encounters. Fifteen departments submitted pre-campaign data for OCU 2021 with follow-up data to be collected during OCU 2022. Baseline data showed a median bluey use of 31 per ten surgical encounters. Volatile-related emissions were calculated; desflurane’s proportion was 70% of these emissions yet was 11% of volatile procurement. Two participating departments removed desflurane from their formulary following OCU 2021. Operation Clean Up is a practical model for implementing sustainability initiatives using trainees as eco-leaders.
Resveratrol suppresses lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of osteoclast precursor RAW 264.7 cells by increasing miR-181a-5p expression
Authors: Xue Hai-Yan , Liu Ming-Wei , Yang Guang 
Published: February 2023

Resveratrol (Res) has anti-inflammation and antiosteoporosis functions. We evaluated the effect of Res on osteoclast differentiation by releasing inflammatory cytokines from osteoclast precursor RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the study, LPS (1 ng/L) was used to induce the Raw 264.7 inflammatory injury model in vitro. A total of 25 ng/mL M-CSF + 30 ng/mL RANKL or plus 1 μg/L LPS was used to induce osteoclastogenesis in the experiments. We utilized the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay to measure the relative cell survival of RAW 264.7 cells. Then, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were utilized to measure the abundance of inflammatory markers, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6. Subsequently, Western blot analysis was applied to assess the abundance of phosphorylated transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (P-TAK1) protein, TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), nuclear factor-κB inhibitor protein (IκB), phosphorylated IκB-α (P-IκB-α), and nuclear factor κB65 (NF-κB65). mRNA expression levels of miR-181a-5p, TRAF6, specific gene calcitonin receptor (CTR), activated T nuclear factor 1 (NFATC1), cathepsin K (CTSK), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were determined via a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Osteoclast bone resorption function was determined. Finally, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed.The results found that Compared with the model group, the degrees of expressions of supernatant inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were substantially attenuated in the Res treatment group ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, the extent of miR-181a-5p expression in the RAW 264.7 cells significantly increased, whereas P-IκB-α, P-TAK1, NF-κB65, and TRAF6 expressions significantly decreased in the Res treatment group as opposed to the model group ( p < 0.05). The CTR, NFATC1, MMP-9, CTSK, and TRAP mRNA expression levels were substantially reduced during osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in the Res treatment group.The results suggest that Res can reduce the RAW 264.7 cell differentiation into osteoclasts and relieve LPS-stimulated osteoporosis, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the Res-inhibited activity of the TRAF6/TAK1 pathway through the increased miR-181a-5p expression.
Characterization of recycled end-of-life rubber tire filled with black slag
Authors: Gobetti Anna , Cornacchia Giovanna , Petrogalli Candida , Kerschbaumer Roman C , La Monica Marco , Ramorino Giorgio 
Published: February 2023

To date, discarded tires are reused in many applications, however, because of the enormous quantity decommissioned annually, it is essential to continue researching new recycling methods as well as applications to reduce waste and preserve new resources. In the present study, a simple recycling technology of end-of-life tire (ELT) powder is proposed, and the influence of steel slag as filler is assessed. Europe produces about 7 Mt of steel slag annually, and although most of it is reused as an artificial aggregate, about 15% is still landfilled. Also in the case of steel slag, the study of new applications is mandatory so that the combination of these two waste materials, in a 100% recycled composite fits across different industrial sectors facing the same environmental issue. It was found that the leaching of the slag incorporated in the rubber matrix is reduced and that the ELT powder recycled by this technology gives rise to a well-cohesive material. A good rubber-filler interaction was found by swelling test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The slag reduces the friction coefficient and increases the thermal conductivity. The experimental results showed how some properties of recycled ELT can be improved by adding the steel slag.
Design and performance evaluation of a novel H2/O2 electro-chemical hybrid thruster
Authors: Wang Xiaoshun , Zhao Chengren , Huang Huijun , Fang Jinyong 
Published: February 2023

A H2/O2 electro-chemical hybrid thruster with a novel design for efficient coupling of hydrogen–oxygen detonation combustion and plasma acceleration is constructed and tested. The comprehensive effects of various parameters, such as the delay time, the background pressure, the capacitance, the external magnetic field, and the propellant mass flow rate, on the performance of the thruster have been explored in single-pulse mode. Several strategies for enhancing the efficiency have been proposed. It is found that, by adding an external magnetic field and decreasing the storage capacitor under the low pressure of 30 Pa and higher single-pulse gas intake at appropriate delay time, the average thrust and efficiency can be enhanced up to 73.2 mN and 15.58%, respectively. In addition, the maximal specific impulse of 676 s is also achieved. The results strongly indicate the great potential of the proposed electro-chemical hybrid thruster in achieving large thrust and high-level specific impulse.
Assessment of bidirectional relationships between systemic lupus erythematosus and anxiety disorder: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zheng Lingxin , Yang Kepeng 
Published: February 2023

Background Observational studies have demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and anxiety disorder, but the causal relationship between them is not so clearly established. This study aims to reveal the potential causal link between SLE and anxiety disorder. Methods Summary statistical data of SLE and anxiety disorder were from two large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry, followed by a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the main method to evaluate causal effects, while MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were supplementary methods. Outliers were excluded by MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO). Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis were used to evaluate the stability of the results. Results According to the results of IVW, we did not observe that there was a statistically significant causal association between genetically predicted SLE and the risk of anxiety disorder (OR = 1.000, 95%CI = 0.992 to 1.008, p =.997). Conversely, there were no causal effects between anxiety disorder and SLE risk (OR = 1.000, 95%CI = 0.992 to 1.008, p = .997). A similar result was obtained by supplementing the MR method. In addition, sensitivity analysis indicated high stability of the result. Conclusion Bidirectional two-sample MR study does not support the causal relationship between SLE and anxiety disorder.