bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APOE ε4 influences within and between network functional connectivity in posterior cortical atrophy and logopenic progressive aphasia
Authors: Singh Neha Atulkumar , Martin Peter R. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Machulda Mary M. , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Ertekin‐Taner Nilufer , Josephs Keith A. , Whitwell Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionPresence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 has shown greater predisposition to medial temporal involvement in posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA). Little is known about its influence on memory network connectivity, a network comprised of medial temporal structures.MethodsFifty‐eight PCA and 82 LPA patients underwent structural and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Bayesian hierarchical linear models assessed the influence of APOE ε4 on within and between‐network connectivity for five networks.ResultsAPOE ε4 carriers showed reduced memory and language within‐network connectivity in LPA and increased salience within‐network connectivity in PCA compared to non‐carriers. Between‐network analysis showed evidence of reduced DMN connectivity in APOE ε4 carriers, with reduced DMN‐to‐salience and DMN‐to‐language network connectivity in PCA, and reduced DMN‐to‐visual network connectivity in LPA.DiscussionThe APOE genotype influences brain connectivity, both within and between‐networks, in atypical Alzheimer's disease. However, there was evidence that the modulatory effects of APOE differ across phenotype.HIGHLIGHTS
APOE genotype is associated with reductions in within‐network connectivity for the memory and language networks in LPA
APOE genotype is associated with reductions in language‐to‐visual connectivity in LPA and PCA
APOE genotype has no effect on the memory network in PCA
An out‐of‐equilibrium definition of protein turnover
Authors: Martin Benjamin , Suter David M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProtein turnover (PT) has been formally defined only in equilibrium conditions, which is ill‐suited to quantify PT during dynamic processes that occur during embryogenesis or (extra) cellular signaling. In this Hypothesis, we propose a definition of PT in an out‐of‐equilibrium regime that allows the quantification of PT in virtually any biological context. We propose a simple mathematical and conceptual framework applicable to a broad range of available data, such as RNA sequencing coupled with pulsed‐SILAC datasets. We apply our framework to a published dataset and show that stimulation of mouse dendritic cells with LPS leads to a proteome‐wide change in PT. This is the first quantification of PT out‐of‐equilibrium, paving the way for the analysis of biological systems in other contexts.
Hospitalizations in Australian children with neuroblastoma: A population‐based study
Authors: Signorelli C. , Schneuer F. J. , Wakefield C. E. , McLoone J. K. , Trahair T. , Cohn R. J. , Nassar N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of children diagnosed with both low‐ and high‐risk neuroblastoma are surviving. Yet, treatment can be intensive and often multimodal, especially for high‐risk neuroblastoma, resulting in significant long‐term health problems. We aimed to describe neuroblastoma survivors' pediatric hospitalizations, readmissions, and their associated costs.MethodWe conducted a population‐based study of all children (<18 years) residing in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and hospitalized with a recorded diagnosis of neuroblastoma during 2001–2020. We used linked NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection and death registration data to examine the frequency, length of stay, and readmissions following the first admission when neuroblastoma was diagnosed (i.e., the index admission), and the associated hospitalization costs by age and timing postindex admission discharge.ResultsIn total, 300 children (64% aged <3 years) were hospitalized for neuroblastoma over the study period. The median number of readmissions and length of stay within 2 years postdischarge were 17 (interquartile range IQR: 5.5–25) and 45.5 (IQR: 10–125) days, and median cost per child was AUD$124,058 (IQR $34,217–$264,627). Following discharge from the index admission, there were 7088 readmissions (median: 20 per child, IQR: 7–29). Fifty‐eight percent of readmissions occurred within 1‐year postdischarge, primarily due to fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and respiratory conditions.ConclusionThe burden of health problems requiring hospitalization among neuroblastoma survivors results in significant associated healthcare costs, warranting further efforts to optimize health care for neuroblastoma survivors that focuses on early intervention and long‐term monitoring.
A nomogram for the prediction of the survival of patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer and interstitial lung disease
Authors: Xiu Weigang , Zheng Jincheng , Zhou Yuwen , Du He , Li Jiayu , Li Wei , Zhou Fei , Zhou Caicun , Wu Fengying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is frequently accompanied by interstitial lung disease (ILD), and the overall survival (OS) of patients with these comorbidities is poor. Thus, we developed a nomogram for the prediction of the OS of patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ILD.Patients and MethodsPatients with wild‐type gene advanced NSCLC with and without ILD who underwent chemotherapy between 2014 and 2019 were enrolled in the present study. The 0.5‐ and 1‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times of patients with and without ILD were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression was used to assess the prognostic value of clinical factors for patients with ILD. Based on the multivariate regression results, a nomogram for survival prediction was developed. The nomogram was validated using calibration curve.ResultsData from 155 patients with lung cancer and ILD and 118 matched patients with lung cancer alone who were receiving first‐line chemotherapy were analyzed. The first‐line chemotherapy regimens were paclitaxel + carboplatin, pemetrexed + carboplatin, gemcitabine + carboplatin, and other. The median PFS and OS were significantly shorter in patients with than in those without ILD (3.0 vs. 7.0 months [p < 0.001] and 7.0 vs. 15.0 months (p < 0.001), respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that the lymphocyte count (hazard ratio [HR] 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–3.94; p = 0.01), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2; HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03–1.82; p = 0.03), and chemotherapy regimen were independently associated with prognosis. The nomogram showed good discriminatory ability [C‐index = 0.69 (95% CI, 0.49–0.82)]. Calibration curves showed that predicted and actual prognoses were consistent.ConclusionThis nomogram can aid the prediction of the OS of patients with advanced NSCLC and ILD.
Tailoring Hydrogen‐Bonding Strategy for Sequence‐Dependent and Thermo/pH Dual‐Responsive Clusteroluminescence
Authors: Li Dongyun , Sun Yue , Zhang Weidong , Zhang Zhengbiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRational design of monomer sequence for desired properties is challenging. This study investigates the effect of monomer distribution of double hydrophilic copolymers (DHCs) with electron‐rich units on cluster triggered emission (CTE) capacity. By means of combining latent monomer strategy, reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and selective hydrolysis technology, the random, pseudo di‐block and the gradient DHCs consisting of pH‐responsive polyacrylic acid (PAA) segments and thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) segments were successfully synthesized in a controlled manner. Moreover, the gradient DHCs showed a tremendously increased luminescent intensity due to the distinct hydrogen‐bonding interaction compared to random and pseudo di‐block DHCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported the direct correlation between luminescent intensity and sequence structure of non‐conjugated polymer. Meanwhile, thermo and pH dual‐responsive clusteroluminescence could be easily performed. This work demonstrates a novel and facile method to tailor the hydrogen‐bonding for the stimuli‐responsive light‐emitting polymers.
Novel use of riboflavin as a fluorescent tracer in the dissemination of aerosol and splatter in an open operatory dental clinic
Authors: Emery Morgan A. , Reed Donald , McCracken Barbara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the ensuing rise of the COVID‐19 pandemic have impacted healthcare unprecedentedly. With the scarcity of available resources, including healthcare providers themselves, novel methods for tracking aerosol and splatter in real time are required to alleviate demand and increase safety. This study evaluates the utility of riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a tracer for splatter/aerosol distribution from ultrasonic scaling in an open operatory clinic.Material and MethodsIn two experimental designs, ultrasonic scaling was performed on 18 volunteers or simulated on a manikin. Riboflavin was introduced into the irrigation system, and aerosol and splatter dissemination were evaluated for both experimental designs.ResultsUltrasonic scaling utilizing riboflavin solution, in volunteers and manikins, leads to observable particle fluorescence under UV light. Contamination distribution varied across the different suction methods and between the volunteer and manikin trials. Nearly all observed incidences of contamination occurred within the operatory in use.ConclusionsRiboflavin can be used with minimal risk during dental procedures and allows for the detection of droplet spread in clinical settings in real time.
Hemp yield and cannabinoid concentrations under variable nitrogen and potassium fertilizer rates
Authors: James Maggie S. , Vann Matthew C. , Suchoff David H. , McGinnis Michelle , Whipker Brian E. , Edmisten Keith L. , Gatiboni Luciano C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the passing of the 2014 US farm bill, there is more interest in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L. < 0.3% total tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) grown for cannabinoid production. However, production recommendations that outline fertilizer requirements of cannabidiol (CBD) hemp do not exist. Our primary objective was to identify nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizer rates for maximizing biomass and CBD yield. A secondary objective was to identify the relationships between N and K rates and total THC and total CBD concentrations. Fertilizer rates from 0 to 224 kg N and 0 to 185 kg K ha−1 were tested separately at four general locations in North Carolina. Two locations were used in 2019 and 2020, while the other two were used only in 2020. Dry weight yield was predicted to increase linearly from 1822 to 3384 kg biomass ha−1 as N rate increased from 0 to 86.8 kg ha−1. Nitrogen rates above 86.8 kg ha−1 were not predicted to increase biomass. Likewise, as N rate increased from 0 to 84.2 kg N ha−1, CBD yield was predicted to increase linearly from 204 to 389 kg CBD ha−1. Additional N was not predicted to increase CBD yield. The CBD and THC concentrations showed a slight bell‐shaped response curve over increasing N rates, ranging from 11.33% to 12.11% and 0.473% to 0.509%, respectively. Potassium application did not affect yield nor CBD and THC concentrations. Results from this work indicate that N is a more limiting factor than K for maximizing CBD hemp biomass production.
EBUS ROSE‐guided cytological evaluations of intrathoracic lesions. Assessments of the pathological material adequacy and the diagnostic efficacy
Authors: Silav Zuhal Kuş , Çıkrıkçıoğlu Makbule , Aydemir Bülent , Yıldırım Mehmet 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral clinical groups consider cytological assessment under EBUS (Endobronchial Ultrasonography)‐ROSE (Rapid Onsite Evaluation) as the golden standard for diagnosis and staging of intrathoracic lesions. On the other hand, some investigators proposed that EBUS‐TBNA (Transbronchial Needle Aspiration) has considerably high false‐negative rates for diagnosis. In this study, we analyzed our patient cohort (n = 152) with intrathoracic lesions and suspected malignancies evaluated by EBUS‐ROSE. Our specific aims were: (i) to determine whether EBUS‐ROSE could provide sufficient pathologic material for diagnosis and staging; (ii) to determine the fidelity of EBUS‐ROSE‐guided initial diagnoses in comparison to paraffin block diagnoses; (iii) to evaluate whether anatomical localization of sampled lymph nodes associate with material adequacy and final diagnoses.MethodsNCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System) 2020 Statistical Software (Utah, USA) was used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn EBUS‐ROSE cytological assessment, material adequacy was determined in 50,7% (n = 77) of the cases. Considering the paraffin block pathology as the golden standart, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rates of EBUS‐ROSE were 90,2%, 93,1%, 94,8%, 87,1%, and 91,4%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the final pathology and EBUS cytology results (p > .05) with a non‐random Kappa agreement rate as 82.9%. There were differences in material adequacy and diagnoses according to the localization of sampled lymph node stations.ConclusionsEBUS‐ROSE is efficient to decide for the adequacy of the pathological specimen and provides diagnoses with reliable fidelity.
Feline respiratory disease. Part 1: common causes and reaching a diagnosis
Authors: Cannon Martha 
Published: March 2023

Background: Chronic nasal discharge and sneezing are common presenting signs in cats and can be caused by a number of underlying disorders, some of which can be effectively treated but others of which are among the most frustrating conditions we have to deal with. Secondary bacterial infections are a common complication whatever the primary aetiology, so there is often improvement in response to a course of antibiotics, but it is frequently only a temporary fix. Reaching a definitive diagnosis at an early stage identifies those conditions that can be treated effectively and leads to a better understanding of the prognosis for those that can't. Given the similarity in clinical signs for all underlying causes, reaching a diagnosis will require investigation under anaesthesia in most cases, but investigations can often be undertaken in first‐opinion practice without the need for referral.Aim of the article: This article, the first in a two‐part series, will review common causes of nasal discharge in the UK cat population and the diagnostic investigations that can assist in reaching a definitive diagnosis. The second article, to be published in a subsequent issue of In Practice, will review current approaches to managing these conditions.
Evaluation of the effects of herpes simplex glycoprotein B on complement system and cytokines in in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yirün Anil , Çakır Deniz Arca , Sanajou Sonia , Erdemli Köse Selinay Başak , Özyurt Aylin Balcı , Zeybek Dilara , Bozdemir Özlem , Baydar Terken , Erkekoglu Pinar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes memory loss and dementia and is characterized by a decline in cognitive functions. Brain infections, especially induced by herpes simplex virus type‐1 (HSV‐1), are suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Within the scope of this study, two different AD models (Tau model and amyloid beta [Aβ]) were created in the SH‐SY5Y cell line, and HSV glycoprotein B (gB) was applied to the cell line and on the generated AD models. Study groups (n = 3) were designed as (1) control, (2) HSV‐gB group, (3) retinoic acid (RA) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induced Alzheimer's model (AD), (4) RA and BDNF induced Alzheimer's model + HSV‐gB (ADH), (5) Aβ 1‐42 peptide‐induced Alzheimer's model (Aβ), and (6) Aβ 1‐42 peptide‐induced Alzheimer's model + HSV‐gB (AβH). Levels of complement proteins and cytokines were determined comparatively. In addition, specific markers of AD (hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins, Aβ 1‐40 peptide and amyloid precursor protein) were measured in all groups. HSV‐gB administration was found to increase Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau levels, similar to AD models. In addition, our data confirmed that the immune system and chronic inflammation might have a crucial role in AD development and that HSV‐1 infection might also be an underlying factor of AD.
Trendbericht: Photochemie
Authors: Dietzek‐Ivansic Benjamin , Tschierlei Stefanie , Schulz Martin , Karnahl Michael , Sinha Narayan , Thomisch Luise , Wenger Oliver S. , Heinze Katja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDie photochemische Forschung entwickelt unter anderem Photo(redox)katalysatoren, farbstoffsensibilisierte Solarzellen (DSSCs) und lichtemittierende Dioden (LED). Solche Systeme benötigen Moleküle, die Sonnenlicht absorbieren und für chemische Reaktionen nutzbar machen oder in definierten Wellenlängenbereichen emittieren. Bisher waren dies meist Edelmetallkomplexe. Ein Ziel ist es, Komplexe zu entwickeln, die billigere und besser verfügbare Metalle enthalten. Vielversprechende Ergebnisse gibt es für Systeme mit Kupfer, Mangan, Nickel, Molybdän, Zink und Chrom.
Boosting flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane: Synergistic effect of nickel phosphide nanoparticles and molybdenum disulfide nanosheets
Authors: Feng Xiaming , Yang Hongyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor the first time, a novel nanohybrid based on nickel phosphide (Ni2P) nanoparticles and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets was facilely synthesized for enhancing flame retardancy and smoke suppression of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The synergistic effect on flame retardancy is proposed. TPU composite with 2 wt% Ni2P/MoS2 hybrid exhibits the best overall flame retardancy, while TPU composites with the same amount of individual Ni2P nanoparticles and MoS2 nanosheets are average in performance. Specifically, the 41.2% reduction of peak heat release rate (PHRR) is achieved for TPU/Ni2P/MoS2 composite, which is only 16.8% and 26.4% for TPU/Ni2P and TPU/MoS2 composites, respectively. In addition, a more intact protective char layer of TPU/Ni2P/MoS2 composite can be observed. These results clearly suggest the synergistic effect between Ni2P nanoparticles and MoS2 nanosheets. It is hypothesized that physical barrier effect and chemical catalytic ability of Ni2P/MoS2 hybrid contribute to the dramatic reduction of heat release and smoke production. The strategy proposed here is a simple yet efficient approach to fabricate high‐performance MoS2‐based flame retardants.
The Human Genome Project(s)
Authors: García-Sancho Miguel , Lowe James 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the proliferation of national human genome projects from the mid-1980s onwards. It argues that what is known today as the ‘Human Genome Project’ was an amalgamation of some of these efforts into the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (IHGSC). Different conceptions of the way human genomics should be conducted are explored, and the mechanisms through which these harnessed and excluded particular communities are explicated by comparing the national human genome projects in the USA and UK. We highlight the exceptionality of the IHGSC effort in its organisation, exclusivity, and orientation. The co-existence of other, more distributed models of human genomics—more aligned with the interests of medical geneticists—shows that the shift to concentrated and comprehensive whole genome efforts was not the only path open.
The Funnelling Effect of the Sanger Institute
Authors: García-Sancho Miguel , Lowe James 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we focus on an institution that represents the exclusivity of the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (IHGSC) while also contributing to the ‘funnelling effect’ that shaped it: the Sanger Institute. After situating its origins in the sequencing of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, we portray the Sanger Institute as a driver in the formation of the IHGSC and as an advocate for the concentration of its membership into a few high-throughput sequencing centres. The intensification of this genome centre model, alongside competition with the corporate sequencing effort led by Celera Genomics, shaped the formation of the IHGSC. As a result, the large-scale production of sequence data became an increasingly differentiated and exclusive practice undertaken by its members. Conversely, the smaller laboratories that used this data in their own genetics research were sidelined from the determination of the human reference sequence.
Teilstudie I: Machen Kinder unglücklich?
Authors: Maly-Motta Hanna 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungBis jetzt liefert die Forschung zu dieser Frage vorwiegend uneindeutige Ergebnisse. Unter Berücksichtigung zentraler Merkmale von Elternschaft (z. B. des Ausmaßes der erlebten Belastung in der Elternrolle oder kindlicher Verhaltensanforderungen) wird dieser Frage in der vorliegenden Teilstudie erstmals noch differenzierter als in bisherigen Studien nachgegangen. Datengrundlage bildet der DJI-Survey Aufwachsen in Deutschland: Alltagswelten (AID:A II). In den Analysen zeigen sich durchaus positive Elternschaftseffekte für das elterliche Wohlbefinden im Vergleich zu kinderlosen Personen, wenn Elternschaft mit günstigen Rahmenbedingungen zusammenfällt, etwa wenn das Kind als wenig anspruchsvoll erlebt wird oder das Belastungserleben in der Elternrolle niedrig ausfällt. Für die Partnerschaftszufriedenheit bedeuten Kinder jedoch immer eine Herausforderung, die kinderlose Paare so nicht erleben. Zentrales Resumée der Ergebnisse ist, dass es bei diesem Vergleich Fingerspitzengefühl bedarf. Elternschaft sowie Kinderlosigkeit können aus ganz unterschiedlichen individuellen oder äußeren Beweggründen gewählt werden oder entstehen. Das macht diese Vergleichsgruppen zu einer bunten Mischung aus Individuen, die nicht immer ohne weiteres miteinander verglichen werden können. Ein genaues Verständnis für die Zusammensetzung und die Beweggründe beider Gruppen ist daher wichtige Voraussetzung für die Forschung.
Effects of different processing methods on the polyphenolic compounds profile and the antioxidant and anti-glycaemic properties of horseradish roots (Armoracia rusticana)
Authors: Karafyllaki Dimitra , Narwojsz Agnieszka , Kurp Lidia , Sawicki Tomasz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHorseradish (Armoracia rusticana) provides human organisms with various effective treatments for improving human health, and it constitutes a salubrious root used for culinary purposes. This outcome derives from the chemical composition and polyphenols content of horseradish. This study's objective was to determine individual polyphenols, total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents, colour parameters, inhibition of advanced glycation end product (AGEs) formation and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) by DPPH and ABTS of horseradish products. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were analysed by HPLC-DAD-MS method. Horseradish products were obtained by thermal treatments such as boiling, baking and sous-vide. Fresh and sous-vide samples were characterized by the most abundant TPC values, whereas TFC horseradish indicated the highest value after boiling treatment. Moreover, the highest values of antioxidant capacity in fresh horseradish roots were detected. Flavonoids presented lower concentrations than phenolic acids, while syringic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound. Horseradish, after sous-vide treatment, appeared to have a higher inhibition of AGEs formation. Thermal treatment of horseradish root increased the saturation of yellow (b*) and red (a*) colours and decreased colour brightness. Our findings indicate that horseradish products are a valuable source of polyphenols, with their profile, content, and antioxidant and anti-AGEs formation activity modulated by applied processes.