bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advancement in integrating artificial intelligence and information technology with real‐world data for clinical decision‐making in China: A scoping review
Authors: Liao Xiwen , Yao Chen , Zhang Jun , Liu Larry Z 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveStriking innovations and advancements have been achieved with the use of artificial intelligence and healthcare information technology being integrated into clinical real‐world data. The current scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the current status of artificial intelligence‐/information technology‐based clinical decision support tools in China.MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wanfang data were searched for both English and Chinese literature. The gray literature search was conducted for commercially available tools. Original studies that focused on clinical decision support tools driven by artificial intelligence or information technology in China and were published between 2010 and February 2022 were included. Information extracted from each article was further synthesized by themes based on three types of clinical decision‐making.ResultsA total of 37 peer‐reviewed publications and 13 commercially available tools were included in the final analysis. Among them, 32.0% were developed for disease diagnosis, 54.0% for risk prediction and classification, and 14.0% for disease management. Chronic diseases were the most popular therapeutic areas of exploration, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Single‐center electronic medical records were the mainstream data sources leveraged to inform clinical decision‐making, with internal validation being predominately used for model evaluation.ConclusionsTo effectively promote the extensive use of real‐world data and drive a paradigm shift in clinical decision‐making in China, multidisciplinary collaboration of key stakeholders is urgently needed.
Hydrofluoric acid concentration and etching time affect differently the microstructure and surface properties of pressed lithium disilicate glass ceramics
Authors: Alves Larissa M. M. , Campos Tiago M. B. , Bergamo Edmara T. P. , Benalcazar Jalkh Ernesto B. , Gierthmuehlen Petra C. , Sailer Irena , Thim Gilmar P. , Strazzi‐Sahyon Henrico B. , Celestrino Marcos , Guimarães Carolina C. L. , Bonfante Estevam A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of different hydrofluoric acid concentrations and etching times on the surface, chemical composition and microstructure of lithium disilicate.Material and MethodsNinety specimens of pressed lithium disilicate (LDS) were obtained (IPS e.max Press, Rosetta SP and LiSi Press). The specimens of each material were divided in two groups according to the hydrofluoric acid concentration: 5% and 10% (n = 15/group), and subdivided according to the etching time: 20, 40 and 60 s (n = 5/group). Crystalline evaluations and chemical composition were performed through x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Microstructural analyses were performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface roughness (Ra), and material thickness removal evaluation. Thickness removal and Ra data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05).ResultsXRD demonstrated characteristic peaks of lithium disilicate crystals, lithium phosphate and of a vitreous phase for all materials. EDS identified different compositions and SEM confirmed different surface responses to acid etching protocols. Material and etching time influenced Ra and material thickness removal (p < 0.05).ConclusionHydrofluoric acid concentration and etching time affect the surface characteristics of LDS differently. LiSi Press presented higher resistance to hydrofluoric acid etching compared to e.max Press and Rosetta SP.Clinical SignificanceApplying the appropriate etching protocol is pivotal to avoid excessive material removal and to prevent jeopardize the mechanical and optical properties of the material.
Influence of low temperature hydrodynamic cavitation treatment on shelf life of ascorbic acid‐treated sugarcane juice
Authors: Bhukya Jithender , Mohapatra Debabandya , Naik Ravindra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSugarcane juice has a lower shelf life owing to enzymatic browning as well as microbial activity. To overcome these issues, fresh sugarcane juice was treated with ascorbic acid, a strong antioxidant, and further subjected to low‐temperature hydrodynamic cavitation (LTHC) treatment at 4°C/.35 MPa for 30 min. The AALHC‐treated juice was filled into PET bottles and stored under atmospheric (25 ± 5°C) and refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) conditions. The changes in reducing sugar, total sugar, color (ΔE), microbial load, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of sugarcane juice during the storage period were evaluated. During the storage, better retention of the quality parameters was observed in the AALTHC processed sugarcane juice followed by AA‐treated sugarcane juice and fresh sugarcane juice. Under the atmospheric storage, fresh juice and AA‐treated juice were spoiled within a day, whereas the AALTHC‐treated sugarcane juice could last for 4 days. On the other hand, under the refrigerated storage conditions (4 ± 1°C), the quality of the fresh and AA‐treated sugarcane juice could last only for a week, while the quality of AALTHC could be maintained up to 42 days.Practical ApplicationsThe current study aims to improve the shelf life of sugarcane juice by low‐temperature orifice‐based hydrodynamic cavitation. Sugarcane juice has a short shelf life owing to high levels of microbiological contamination and enzymatic reactions that begin immediately following extraction. The use of hydrodynamic cavitation technique enables a significant reduction in microbial load as well as spoilage enzymes, with minimum effect on the nutrient profile and sensory qualities. The treatments presented in this study are successful, inexpensive, more practicable, and long‐term enough to be scaled up for larger‐scale production of sugar cane juice. The outcomes of this study may be useful for developing a fortified beverage industry employing low‐temperature hydrodynamic cavitation.
True grit? Comparative anatomy and evolution of gizzards in fishes
Authors: Arnette S. D. , Simonitis L. E. , Egan J. P. , Cohen K. E. , Kolmann M. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGut morphology frequently reflects the food organisms digest. Gizzards are organs of the gut found in archosaurs and fishes that mechanically reduce food to aid digestion. Gizzards are thought to compensate for edentulism and/or provide an advantage when consuming small, tough food items (e.g., phytoplankton and algae). It is unknown how widespread gizzards are in fishes and how similar these structures are among different lineages. Here, we investigate the distribution of gizzards across bony fishes to (1) survey different fishes for gizzard presence, (2) compare the histological structure of gizzards in three species, (3) estimate how often gizzards have evolved in fishes, and (4) explore whether anatomical and ecological traits like edentulism and microphagy predict gizzard presence. According to our analyses, gizzards are rare across bony fishes, evolving only six times in a broad taxonomic sampling of 51 species, and gizzard presence is not clearly correlated with factors like gut length or dentition. We find that gizzard morphology varies among the lineages where one is present, both macroscopically (presence of a crop) and microscopically (varying tissue types). We conclude that gizzards likely aid in the mechanical reduction of food in fishes that have lost an oral dentition in their evolutionary past; however, the relative scarcity of gizzards suggests they are just one of many possible solutions for processing tough, nutrient‐poor food items. Gizzards have long been present in the evolutionary history of fishes, can be found in a wide variety of marine and freshwater clades, and likely have been overlooked in many taxa.
Fat deposition, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant capacity and differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous fat of Tibetan sheep fed wheat‐based diets with and without xylanase supplementation
Authors: Zhou Li , Raza Sayed Haidar Abbas , Gao Zhanhong , Hou Shengzhen , Alwutayd Khairiah Mubarak , Aljohani Abdullah S. M. , Abdulmonem Waleed Al , Alghsham Ruqaih S. , Aloufi Bandar Hamad , Wang Zhiyou , Gui Linsheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractXylanase, an exogenous enzyme that plays an essential role in energy metabolism by hydrolysing xylan into xylose, has been shown to positively influence nutrient digestion and utilisation in ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of xylanase supplementation on the back‐fat thickness, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant capacity, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the subcutaneous fat of Tibetan sheep. Sixty three‐month‐old rams with an average weight of 19.35 ± 2.18 kg were randomly assigned to control (no enzyme added, WH group) and xylanase (0.2% of diet on a dry matter basis, WE group) treatments. The experiment was conducted over 97 d, including 7 d of adaption to the diets. The results showed that xylanase supplementation in the diet increased adipocyte volume of subcutaneous fat (p < 0.05), shown by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Gas chromatography showed greater concentrations of C14:0 and C16:0 in the subcutaneous fat of controls compared with the enzyme‐treated group (p < 0.05), while opposite trend was seen for the absolute contents of C18:1n9t, C20:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3, and C18:3n3 (p < 0.05). Compared with controls, supplementation with xylanase increased the activity of T‐AOC significantly (p < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis showed the presence of 1630 DEGs between the two groups, of which 1023 were up‐regulated and 607 were down‐regulated, with enrichment in 4833 Gene Ontology terms, and significant enrichment in 31 terms (p < 0.05). The common DEGs were enriched in 295 pathways and significantly enriched in 26 pathways. Additionally, the expression of lipid‐related genes, including fatty acid synthase, superoxide dismutase, fatty acid binding protein 5, carnitine palmytoyltransferase 1 A, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor A were verified via quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, dietary xylanase supplementation was found to reduce subcutaneous fat deposition in Tibetan sheep, likely through modulating the expression of lipid‐related genes.
Voice, disability and ‘end of life’ research: Strategies for including people with intellectual disabilities in qualitative research related to death and dying
Authors: Diaz Marissa A , Sabariego Carla , Bickenbach Jerome E 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis brief report proposes strategies to support qualitative research with people with intellectual disabilities on topics related to death and dying. We prepared a scoping review on methodological approaches used for qualitative research on death and dying involving participants with intellectual disabilities and a study on perceived barriers and facilitators to accessing end of life settings, conducted with co‐researchers on an online video communication platform. Through conducting these two studies, we found three strategies that we believe will increase the uptake of this research for policymakers, funding bodies and other researchers. The strategies concern research agendas, structured methodological guidance, and allocation of funds. When planning out qualitative research projects about death and dying topics, people with intellectual disabilities must be on the research agendas on topics related to death and dying. To realize this obligation, stakeholders would benefit from structured methodological guidance. The design, planning, and conduct of such studies would benefit greatly from such guidance and would ideally result in the uptake of this type of research. Additionally, proper funding taking into account needed but time‐consuming accommodations for participants is necessary. These strategy options aim to increase the amount of qualitative research that includes people with intellectual disabilities as participants.
New branchedPorolithonspecies (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from the Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, and Lord Howe Island
Authors: Jeong So Young , Gabrielson Paul W. , Hughey Jeffery R. , Hoey Andrew S. , Cho Tae Oh , Abdul Wahab Muhammad A. , Diaz‐Pulido Guillermo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPorolithonis one of the most ecologically important genera of tropical and subtropical crustose (non‐geniculate) coralline algae growing abundantly along the shallow margins of coral reefs and functioning to cement reef frameworks. Thalli of branched, fruticosePorolithonspecimens from the Indo‐Pacific Ocean traditionally have been calledP. gardineri, while massive, columnar forms have been calledP. craspedium. Sequence comparisons of therbcL gene both from type specimens ofP. gardineriandP. craspediumand from field‐collected specimens demonstrate that neither species is present in east Australia and instead resolve into four unique genetic lineages.Porolithon howensissp. nov. forms columnar protuberances and loosely attached margins and occurs predominantly at Lord Howe Island;P. lobulatumsp. nov. has fruticose to clavate forms and free margins that are lobed and occurs in the Coral Sea and on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR);P. parvulumsp. nov. has short (<2 cm), unbranched protuberances and attached margins and is restricted to the central and southern GBR; andP. pinnaculumsp. nov. has a mountain‐like, columnar morphology and occurs on oceanic Coral Sea reefs. ArbcL gene sequence of the isotype ofP. castellumdemonstrates it is a different species from other columnar species. In addition to the diagnosticrbcL andpsbA marker sequences, the four new species may be distinguished by a combination of features including thallus growth form, margin shape (attached or unattached), and medullary system (coaxial or plumose).Porolithonspecies, because of their ecological importance and sensitivity to ocean acidification, need urgent documentation of their taxonomic diversity.
Two neglected but valuable genetic tools for Escherichia coli and other bacteria: In vivo cosmid packaging and inducible plasmid replication
Authors: Cronan John E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn physiology and synthetic biology, it can be advantageous to introduce a gene into a naive bacterial host under conditions in which all cells receive the gene and remain fully functional. This cannot be done by the usual chemical transformation and electroporation methods due to low efficiency and cell death, respectively. However, in vivo packaging of plasmids (called cosmids) that contain the 223 bp cos site of phage λ results in phage particles that contain concatemers of the cosmid that can be transduced into all cells of a culture. An historical shortcoming of in vivo packaging of cosmids was inefficient packaging and contamination of the particles containing cosmid DNA with a great excess of infectious λ phage. Manipulation of the packaging phage and the host has eliminated these shortcomings resulting in particles that contain only cosmid DNA. Plasmids have the drawback that they can be difficult to remove from cells. Plasmids with conditional replication provide a means to “cure” plasmids from cells. The prevalent conditional replication plasmids are temperature‐sensitive plasmids, which are cured at high growth temperature. However, inducible replication plasmids are in some cases more useful, especially since this approach has been applied to plasmids having diverse replication and compatibility properties.
The pederin‐producing bacteria density dynamics in Paederus fuscipes at different developmental stages
Authors: Song Xuhao , Huang Ting , Yan Xianghui , Zuo Mengyuan , Pan Ying , He Hengguo , Li Yujie , Zou Yuan , Du Chao , Zheng Fake , Yang Tingbang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPederin, a defensive toxin in Paederus fuscipes, is produced by an uncultured Gram‐negative symbiont, which establishes a stable symbiotic relationship with a female host before completion of metamorphosis. However, the transmission process of pederin‐producing bacteria (PPB) in P. fuscipes at different life stages remains unknown. Herein, the PPB population dynamics and transcriptome atlas for P. fuscipes development (egg, first‐instar larva, second‐instar larva, pupa, and newly emerged female and male) were characterised. We found that a microbial layer containing PPB covered the eggshell, which could be sterilised by smearing the eggshell with streptomycin. Maternal secretions over the eggshell are likely the main PPB acquisition route for P. fuscipes offspring. The PPB density in eggs was significantly higher than that in other life stages (p < 0.05), which demonstrated that the beetle mothers gave more PPB than the larvae acquired. Physiological changes (hatching and eclosion) led to a decreased PPB density in P. fuscipes. Pattern recognition receptors related to Gram‐negative bacteria recognition were identified from P. fuscipes transcriptomes across various life stages, which might be used to screen genes involved in PPB regulation. These results will help advance future efforts to determine the molecular mechanisms of PPB colonisation of P. fuscipes.
Depression and diet‐related distress among Japanese women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yamada Kanako , Endo Masayuki , Ohashi Kazutomo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal postpartum depression has been reported, the association between these two factors during pregnancy has not been sufficiently examined. We compared pregnant women with and without GDM to clarify the association and examined factors related to depression in pregnant women with GDM. Questionnaires were administered longitudinally to pregnant Japanese women in the third trimester and at 2 and 4 weeks postpartum. One hundred and five and 108 pregnant women with and without GDM, respectively, were included in the study. Of the 105 women with GDM, 20 (19.0%) reported being depressed during pregnancy, which was significantly higher than that among those without GDM (9.3%). Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that depression was significantly positively associated with diet‐related distress and negatively associated with social support among women with GDM. Diet‐related distress and social support are important factors in managing depression in pregnant women with GDM.
Plant trait relationships are maintained within a major crop species: lack of artificial selection signal and potential for improved agronomic performance
Authors: Lemoine Taïna , Violle Cyrille , Montazeaud Germain , Isaac Marney E. , Rocher Aline , Fréville Hélène , Fort Florian 
Published: September 2023

Summary
The exploration of phenotypic spaces of large sets of plant species has considerably increased our understanding of diversification processes in the plant kingdom. Nevertheless, such advances have predominantly relied on interspecific comparisons that hold several limitations.
Here, we grew in the field a unique set of 179 inbred lines of durum wheat, Triticum turgidum spp. durum, characterized by variable degrees of artificial selection. We measured aboveground and belowground traits as well as agronomic traits to explore the functional and agronomic trait spaces and to investigate trait‐to‐agronomic performance relationships.
We showed that the wheat functional trait space shared commonalities with global cross‐species spaces previously described, with two main axes of variation: a root foraging axis and a slow–fast trade‐off axis. Moreover, we detected a clear signature of artificial selection on the variation of agronomic traits, unlike functional traits. Interestingly, we identified alternative phenotypic combinations that can optimize crop performance.
Our work brings insightful knowledge about the structure of phenotypic spaces of domesticated plants and the maintenance of phenotypic trade‐offs in response to artificial selection, with implications for trade‐off‐free and multi‐criteria selection in plant breeding.
Parameniscal Cyst Arthroscopic Excision by the Modified Fat Pad Approach Can Shorten Recovery Time—A New Surgical Method with Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Tao , Li Ran , Shu Yi , Li Yinghao , You Mingke , Li Qi 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesParameniscal cysts can be removed without meniscectomy, but for large or multiloculated meniscal cysts, traditional arthroscopic excision may leave the meniscus unstable. This study aimed to describe a modified fat pad approach for parameniscal cyst arthroscopic excision that retains a stable structure of the synovial margin of the meniscus and to compare the clinical outcomes between the traditional cyst excision and modified excision techniques.MethodsFifty‐six patients with parameniscal cysts between 2014 and 2018 were retrospectively included in this study with 28 patients in each group. All patients underwent arthroscopic parameniscal cyst excisions with traditional and modified excision techniques respectively in each group. The International Knee Documentation Committee subjective (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Tegner score, active range of motion (ROM) and time to recover full ROM were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes by using the t‐test.ResultsThe patient population included 21 males and 35 females, with a mean follow‐up of 29 months. Of these, 28 patients underwent traditional arthroscopic cyst excisions and meniscal sutures, and 28 patients underwent arthroscopic excisions by the modified fat pad approach. There were no significant differences in the IKDC score, Lysholm score, Tegner score or VAS score between the traditional and modified excision groups at the final follow‐up time point. However, the postoperative time to recover full ROM in the modified excision group was significantly lower than those in the traditional excision group (p < 0.05).ConclusionArthroscopic excision with the modified fat pad approach yielded a shorter pain phase and less time to recover full ROM during recovery compared with the traditional arthroscopic excision. The new method seemed to be effective, as evidenced by the positive clinical outcomes of patients.