bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disordered eating and eating competence in members of online irritable bowel syndrome support groups
Authors: Evans Kate M. , Averill Michelle M. , Harris Cristen L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study seeks to evaluate eating competence and disordered eating likelihood among members of online support groups for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and determine whether eating competence and disordered eating likelihood varies according to IBS symptom severity and subtype.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study is based on an anonymous survey conducted from August to September 2021. Adults with IBS (N = 225) were recruited from online and social media IBS support forums. IBS symptom severity was assessed using the validated IBS Severity Scoring System (IBS‐SSS), likelihood of disordered eating was assessed using the validated Eating Attitudes Test (EAT‐26), and eating competence was assessed using the validated Satter Eating Competence Inventory (ecSI 2.0™). Multiple linear regression was used to predict EAT‐26 total score from IBS‐SSS score, age, and IBS subtype. ANOVAs were used to examine the relationships between IBS severity level, IBS subtype, and ecSI 2.0™ total score.Key ResultsEating competence among the sample was low at 17% while 27% was classified as likely or very likely disordered eating. IBS severity was positively associated with EAT‐26 score (p = 0.011) and ecSI 2.0™ score was significantly lower in the severe IBS group compared to the moderate IBS group (p = 0.016). No relationship was detected between IBS subtype and EAT‐26 or ecSI 2.0™ scores.Conclusions & InferencesIBS severity was positively associated with disordered eating likelihood and negatively associated with eating competence. This sheds light on the importance of assessing eating competence and screening for disordered eating prior to selecting therapies for patients with IBS, particularly in females with severe symptoms.
Preoperative Leg Length Discrepancy >2 cm in the Supine Decubitus Position May Induce Compensatory Pelvic Obliquity in Patients during Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Sun Xiaoliang , Qiu Jiandi , Jiang Songli , Lin Lan , Yang Guojing , Yang Shengwu , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThe leg length discrepancy (LLD) in the supine decubitus position may influence the inclination angle of the acetabular component during total hip arthroplasty (THA). The relationship among LLD, pelvic obliquity, and inclination angle of the acetabular component has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between LLD in supine position and changes in the inclination angle of the acetabular components during THA, and the compensatory ability of the pelvis based on LLD and inclination.MethodsA total of 135 patients were prospectively classified into three groups according to the preoperative LLD in the supine decubitus position: the cranial type group had a positive LLD value; the fixed type group had LLD = 0; and the caudal type group had a negative LLD value. Patients in the cranial type group and caudal type group were divided into four subgroups based on the LLD value (either positive or negative): LLD >3 cm subgroup; 2 ≤ LLD ≤ 3 cm subgroup; 1 ≤ LLD < 2 cm subgroup; and LLD <1 cm subgroup. The targeted and final inclination of the acetabular component was measured intra‐ and postoperatively.ResultsThe results showed a significant difference in the targeted and final inclination angles among the patients in the cranial type and the caudal type groups. In the caudal type group, increased inclination was observed in the patients of LLD >3 cm subgroup (mean 3.13°) and 2 ≤ LLD ≤ 3 cm subgroup (mean 5.17°) after THA, respectively. Decreased inclination (mean, 6.16°) was observed in 2 ≤ LLD ≤ 3 cm subgroup in the cranial type group after THA.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that in patients with discrepancy greater than 2 cm, postural pelvic obliquity imposed a remarkable influence on the inclination.
Fiscal multipliers and structural economic characteristics: Evidence from countries in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Woldu Gabriel Temesgen , Szakálné Kanó Izabella 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOutput response to discretionary fiscal policy is a key aspect of examining various theories, findings of empirical studies and delivering guidance to policymakers. This study analyses the output response to unanticipated fiscal spending shocks under several structural economic characteristic factors, including business cycle states, debt burden, openness of the economy, exchange rate regimes and political governance regime, using annual data from 40 countries in SSA spanning from 2000 to 2019 in a panel threshold vector auto‐regression model. The findings indicate that fiscal spending multipliers have much larger effects on output in times of recession, in economies operating under lower trade openness, a fixed exchange rate, low‐debt burden, restricted capital mobility, less financial development and a democratic governance regime. Based on the results, the discretionary countercyclical fiscal policy and optimal fiscal policy action are recommended. Moreover, in order to have effective fiscal policy must target hand‐to‐mouth consumers (non‐Ricardian consumers) and firms with limited liquidity, concentrating on social services and social protection to increase short‐term demand. Likewise, A proper fiscal monetary policy mix should be considered with other structural measures to maximising the positive effects of the fiscal expansion.
Reflect–Express–Transform: Investigating Speech-Based Iterative Digital Design for Young Designers
Authors: Vyas Shantanu , Chen Ting-Ju , Woodward Jay , Krishnamurthy Vinayak R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigate speech-based input as a means to enable reflective thinking for younger individuals (middle- and high-school students) during design iterations. Verbalization offers a unique way to externalize ideas in early design and could therefore lead to new pathways for exploration and iteration, especially for K-12 students who possess the creative potential but are not technically trained in the design process. Interactive design systems, however, by-and-large utilize sketching, multitouch, and gestural inputs. As a result, (1) there is little know-how regarding how to operationalize verbal inputs as a meaningful way to facilitate idea exploration and (2) there is little fundamental understanding of the underlying cognitive mechanisms for iteration through verbal communication. We take the initial steps toward these gaps by first designing and implementing the ShapOrator interface that takes verbal descriptions of geometric parameters (shape, size, instances) in a semi-natural language form and determines the appropriate transformations to a given design artifact modeled as a shape assembly. By using ShapOrator as our experimental setup, we conducted an in-depth observational study on ten middle- and high-school students tasked with designing spaceships. Our study revealed that participants were able to create a variety of designs while associating functional and topical contexts to their spaceships throughout the design iteration process.
Permian to Triassic protolith ages of type locality eclogites in the Eastern Alps: Implications for the opening of the Meliata back-arc basin
Authors: Chang Ruihong , Neubauer Franz , Liu Yongjiang , Genser Johann , Guan Qingbin , Huang Qianwen , Yuan Sihua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Austroalpine domain contains the type locality of eclogites, but their protolith age is unknown except for a Permian metagabbro. Therefore, we studied the non-gabbroic eclogites from the Saualpe-Koralpe Complex (SKC) representing meta-basalts within a coherent continental rift fragment subducted during the Cretaceous. Zircon laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating revealed protolith ages of 283 ± 5 Ma, 255 ± 3 Ma, 251 ± 3 Ma, and 241 ± 3 Ma. Magmatic zircons exhibit 176Hf/177Hf ratios of 0.282935–0.283090 and juvenile εHf(t) values of +10 to +17.4. Typical normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt (N-MORB) geochemistry is established. The SKC host metasedimentary rocks are interpreted as Variscan continental crust close to the margin of the oceanic Meliata basin and were affected by Permian metamorphism. Metamorphic zircon of one SKC eclogite yields an age of 87–93 Ma. These results combined with previous data are used to present a new model for the tectonic evolution of the distal Austroalpine unit associated with the Meliata Ocean in a Wilson cycle: The SKC represents a distal continental margin during Permian to Middle Triassic rifting, which was intruded by few gabbro bodies and numerous basaltic sills and mostly Permian pegmatites. In contrast, structurally separated thick Triassic sedimentary cover successions of the Austroalpine domain lack any magmatism, excluding SKC as Triassic basement of the sedimentary cover successions. The present eclogite-bearing piece of continental crust adjacent to the Meliata oceanic lithosphere was subducted to mantle depth during Late Cretaceous and then exhumed.
Rapid active thrust faulting at the northern Alaska Range front
Authors: Bender Adrian M. , Lease Richard O. , Rittenour Tammy , Jones James V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlate convergence rates strongly influence seismicity and mountain building inboard of convergent margins, but the distribution and kinematics of structures accommodating farfield convergence can be elusive. In interior Alaska, Yakutat microplate convergence drives late Pleistocene–recent right slip on the Denali fault, but westward-decreasing slip rates leave substantial residual Yakutat motion unaccounted for. Here, we show that Northern Foothills thrust slip beneath the northern Alaska Range absorbs a modern 4.4 mm/yr geodetic velocity gradient equivalent to ~78% of the 5.6 mm/yr residual Yakutat convergence along the central Denali fault. Infrared-stimulated luminescence ages of strath terrace deposits (67–4 ka; six sites) quantify Totatlanika River bedrock incision across the 1947 Mw 7.1 thrust earthquake epicentral region. Incision rates increase abruptly from &lt;1 mm/yr to 4.8–5.6 mm/yr above the blind thrust tip near the range front. Rapid slip at 6.7 mm/yr on a steep thrust ramp beneath the northern Alaska Range front accommodates the geodetic gradient, drives rock uplift at rates matching measured incision rates, and implies that large earthquakes like the 1947 event may recur with 500–1400 yr frequency. Results illuminate focused seismogenic strain inboard of a complex convergent margin and prompt reevaluation of Alaska’s neotectonic framework.
Association of retinal optical coherence tomography metrics and polygenic risk scores with cognitive function and future cognitive decline
Authors: Sekimitsu Sayuri , Shweikh Yusrah , Shareef Sarah , Zhao Yan , Elze Tobias , Segrè Ayellet , Wiggs Janey , Zebardast Nazlee 
Published: March 2023

PurposeTo evaluate the potential of retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements and polygenic risk scores (PRS) to identify people at risk of cognitive impairment.MethodsUsing OCT images from 50 342 UK Biobank participants, we examined associations between retinal layer thickness and genetic risk for neurodegenerative disease and combined these metrics with PRS to predict baseline cognitive function and future cognitive deterioration. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to predict cognitive performance. P values for retinal thickness analyses are false-discovery-rate-adjusted.ResultsHigher Alzheimer’s disease PRS was associated with a thicker inner nuclear layer (INL), chorio-scleral interface (CSI) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) (all p<0.05). Higher Parkinson’s disease PRS was associated with thinner outer plexiform layer (p<0.001). Worse baseline cognitive performance was associated with thinner retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) (aOR=1.038, 95% CI (1.029 to 1.047), p<0.001) and photoreceptor (PR) segment (aOR=1.035, 95% CI (1.019 to 1.051), p<0.001), ganglion cell complex (aOR=1.007, 95% CI (1.002 to 1.013), p=0.004) and thicker ganglion cell layer (aOR=0.981, 95% CI (0.967 to 0.995), p=0.009), IPL (aOR=0.976, 95% CI (0.961 to 0.992), p=0.003), INL (aOR=0.923, 95% CI (0.905 to 0.941), p<0.001) and CSI (aOR=0.998, 95% CI (0.997 to 0.999), p<0.001). Worse future cognitive performance was associated with thicker IPL (aOR=0.945, 95% CI (0.915 to 0.999), p=0.045) and CSI (aOR=0.996, 95% CI (0.993 to 0.999) 95% CI, p=0.014). Prediction of cognitive decline was significantly improved with the addition of PRS and retinal measurements.Conclusions and relevanceRetinal OCT measurements are significantly associated with genetic risk of neurodegenerative disease and may serve as biomarkers predictive of future cognitive impairment.
Comparing pharmaceutical company payments in the four UK countries: a cross-sectional and social network analysis
Authors: Rickard Emily , Carmel Emma , Ozieranski Piotr 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo examine the characteristics of pharmaceutical payments to healthcare and patient organisations in the four UK countries. Compare companies spending the most; types of organisations receiving payments and types of payments in the four countries. Measure the extent to which companies target payments at the same recipients in each country and whether it differs depending on the type of recipient.DesignCross-sectional comparative and social network analysis.SettingEngland, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland.Participants100 donors (pharmaceutical companies) reporting payments to 4229 recipients (healthcare organisations and patient organisations) in 2015.Main outcome measuresFor each country: payment totals and distribution; average number of common recipients between companies; share of payments to organisations fulfilling different roles in the health ecosystem and payments for different activities.ResultsCompanies prioritised different types of recipient and different types of activity in each country. There were significant differences in the distribution of payments across the four countries, even for similar types of recipients. Recipients in England and Wales received smaller individual payments than in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Overall, targeting shared recipients occurred most frequently in England, but was also common in certain pockets of each country’s health ecosystem. We found evidence of reporting errors in Disclosure UK.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a strategic approach to payments tailored to countries’ policy and decision-making context, indicating there may be specific vulnerabilities to financial conflicts of interest at subnational level. Payment differences between countries may be occurring in other countries, particularly those with decentralised health systems and/or high levels of independence across its decision-making authorities. We call for a single database containing all recipient types, full location details and published with associated descriptive and network statistics.
SPIRIT and CONSORT extensions for early phase dose-finding clinical trials: the DEFINE (DosE-FIndiNg Extensions) study protocol
Authors: Espinasse Aude , Solovyeva Olga , Dimairo Munyaradzi , Weir Christopher , Jaki Thomas , Mander Adrian , Kightley Andrew , Evans Jeffry , Lee Shing , Bedding Alun , Hopewell Sally , Rantell Khadija , Liu Rong , Chan An-Wen , De Bono Johann , Yap Christina 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionEarly phase dose-finding (EPDF) studies are critical for the development of new treatments, directly influencing whether compounds or interventions can be investigated in further trials to confirm their safety and efficacy. There exists guidance for clinical trial protocols and reporting of completed trials in the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 and CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Randomised Trials (CONSORT) 2010 statements. However, neither the original statements nor their extensions adequately cover the specific features of EPDF trials. The DEFINE (DosE-FIndiNg Extensions) study aims to enhance transparency, completeness, reproducibility and interpretation of EPDF trial protocols (SPIRIT-DEFINE) and their reports once completed (CONSORT-DEFINE), across all disease areas, building on the original SPIRIT 2013 and CONSORT 2010 statements.Methods and analysisA methodological review of published EPDF trials will be conducted to identify features and deficiencies in reporting and inform the initial generation of the candidate items. The early draft checklists will be enriched through a review of published and grey literature, real-world examples analysis, citation and reference searches and consultation with international experts, including regulators and journal editors. Development of CONSORT-DEFINE commenced in March 2021, followed by SPIRIT-DEFINE from January 2022. A modified Delphi process, involving worldwide, multidisciplinary and cross-sector key stakeholders, will be run to refine the checklists. An international consensus meeting in autumn 2022 will finalise the list of items to be included in both guidance extensions.Ethics and disseminationThis project was approved by ICR’s Committee for Clinical Research. The Health Research Authority confirmed Research Ethics Approval is not required. The dissemination strategy aims to maximise guideline awareness and uptake, including but not limited to dissemination in stakeholder meetings, conferences, peer-reviewed publications and on the EQUATOR Network and DEFINE study websites.Registration detailsSPIRIT-DEFINE and CONSORT-DEFINE are registered with the EQUATOR Network.
Epidemiology of hospitalisations due to chickenpox and quality of life lost in community and hospital settings: protocol for a prospective cohort study across two countries
Authors: Marlow Robin , Roderick Marion , Oliver Jennifer , Jordan Zoe , Amirthalingam Gayatri , Lopez-Bernal Jamie , Finn Adam , Rodrigues Fernanda 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionWhile still a ubiquitous disease of childhood, chickenpox has been effectively controlled in many countries through the use of vaccination. Previous health economic assessment of the use of these vaccines in the UK were based on limited quality of life data and only routinely collected epidemiological outcomes.Methods and analysisThis two armed study will carry prospective surveillance of hospital admissions and recruit from community settings to measure the acute quality of life loss caused by paediatric chickenpox both in the UK and in Portugal. The quality of life effects on children and their primary and secondary caregivers will be assessed using the EuroQol EQ-5D with the Child Health Utility instrument (CHU-9) in addition for children. Results will be used to derive quality-adjusted life year loss estimates for cases of simple varicella and the secondary complications.Ethics and disseminationWe have received National Health Service ethical approval (REC ref: 18/ES/0040) for the inpatient arm, university ethical approval (University of Bristol ref: 60721) for the community arm and 10 sites currently are recruiting in the UK and 14 in Portugal. Informed consent is obtained from the parent(s). Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberISRCTN15017985.
Virtual reality-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy for outpatients with alcohol use disorder (CRAVR): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Thaysen-Petersen Daniel , Hammerum Sigurd Krogh , Vissing Anne-Cathrine , Arnfred Benjamin Thorup , Nordahl Rolf , Adjorlu Ali , Nordentoft Merete , Oestrich Irene Henriette , Düring Signe Wegmann , Fink-Jensen Anders 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a brain disorder linked to over 200 health conditions. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is considered the best practice in the treatment of AUD, but more than 60% of patients relapse within the first year after treatment. Psychotherapy combined with virtual reality (VR) has received increasing interest in the treatment of AUD. However, existing studies have primarily investigated the use of VR for cue reactivity. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of VR-assisted CBT (VR-CBT).Methods and analysisThis study is an assessor-blinded, randomised clinical trial being conducted at three outpatient clinics in Denmark. We will randomise 102 patients to 14 individual sessions of either manualised VR-CBT or CBT. The VR-CBT group will receive exposure to immersive high-risk VR situations from a pub, bar/party, restaurant, supermarket and at-home (30 videos) to activate high-risk-related beliefs and cravings for subsequent modification using CBT techniques. The treatment period is 6 months, and follow-up visits will be performed 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after inclusion. The primary outcome measure is the change in total alcohol consumption from baseline to 6 months after inclusion, measured with the Timeline Followback Method. Key secondary outcome measures include changes in the number of heavy drinking days, alcohol cravings, cognition, and symptoms of depression and anxiety.Ethics and disseminationApproval has been obtained by the research ethics committee in the Capital Region of Denmark (H-20082136) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (P-2021-217). All patients will receive both oral and written information about the trial and written informed consent will be obtained from each patient before inclusion. The study results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberClinicalTrial.gov,NCT05042180.
Hyperon–nucleon interaction in chiral effective field theory at next-to-next-to-leading order
Authors: Haidenbauer Johann , Meißner Ulf-G. , Nogga Andreas , Le Hoai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA hyperon–nucleon potential for the strangeness $$S=-1$$

S
=
-
1

sector ($$\varLambda N$$

Λ
N

, $$\varSigma N$$

Σ
N

) up to third order in the chiral expansion is presented. SU(3) flavor symmetry is imposed for constructing the interaction, however, the explicit SU(3) symmetry breaking by the physical masses of the pseudoscalar mesons and in the leading-order contact terms is taken into account. A novel regularization scheme is employed which has already been successfully used in studies of the nucleon–nucleon interaction within chiral effective field theory up to high orders. An excellent description of the low-energy $$\varLambda p$$

Λ
p

, $$\varSigma ^- p$$

Σ
-

p

and $$\varSigma ^+ p$$

Σ
+

p

scattering data is achieved. New data from J-PARC on angular distributions for the $$\varSigma N$$

Σ
N

channels are analyzed. Results for the hypertriton and $$A=4$$

A
=
4

hyper-nuclear separation energies are presented. An uncertainty estimate for the chiral expansion is performed for selected hyperon–nucleon observables.
Testing Marx: Capital Accumulation, Income Inequality, and Socialism in Late Nineteenth-Century Germany
Authors: Bartels Charlotte , Kersting Felix , Wolf Nikolaus 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the dynamics of capital accumulation, income inequality, capital concentration, and voting up to 1914. Based on new panel data for Prussian regions, we re-evaluate the famous Revisionism Debate between orthodox Marxists and their critics. We show that changes in capital accumulation led to a rise in the capital share and income inequality, as predicted by orthodox Marxists. But against their predictions, this did neither lead to further capital concentration nor to more votes for the socialists. Instead, trade unions and strike activity limited income inequality and fostered political support for socialism, as argued by the Revisionists.