bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An unusual presentation of jejunal mass
Authors: Nikumbh Dhiraj B 
Published: March 2023

Primary small intestinal malignancies are rare and accounting for 1-2% of all gastrointestinal (GIT) tumors. Extranodal lymphomas are most commonly found in GIT with majority of sites in stomach, small intestine and ileo-cecal junction. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) predominantly of B cell type constituting 90% of cases and few are T cell type.The purpose of this editorial is to highlight the morphology and rarity of T cell lymphoma encountered in jejunum presented with perforation and peritonitis.
Metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting with palpable neck nodes-A look at clinical presentation and literature review on screening
Authors: Yepthomi Nito , Miachieo Nounechutuo , Leivon Shirley T , Kikhi Khrutsozo , Momin Clement 
Published: March 2023

: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Nagaland has the highest age adjusted rates for both men (14.4 /100,000) and women (6.5 /100,000) in India. Most of the patients presents with usual vague symptoms related to mass in nasal cavity and higher clinical stage which affects the treatment outcome. The aim of this study is to present 34 cases of patients with Nasopharyngeal carcinoma initially presenting with palpable neck nodes and discuss the clinical findings and literature review on screening methodology with focus on Plasma EBV DNA.: Retrospective analysis of all cases of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed by Fine needle aspiration cytology on palpable cervical lymph node and histologically confirmed by endoscopic biopsy.: Total of 34 cases were included with 23 men and 11 women. The age ranged from 16 to 79 years with average of 46.6 years. The most common clinical presentation was painless neck swelling followed by epistaxis. 33/34 cases are of Non keratinizing undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Majority of the cases presented in stage III (19/34) followed by stage IV (10/34). : Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a major health problem in Nagaland. Development of a good NPC screening protocol including molecular techniques remains to be explored, in order to develop and contribute to the early detection of the disease and a favourable treatment outcome.
Importance of P16ink4a marker in oral neoplasms
Authors: Vahini Gudeli , Pallivilla Uma Rani , Aluri Anjana Priyanka , Jalagam Rajendra Prasad 
Published: March 2023

We have increase in number of oral lesions at ASRAMS, as it is a referral centre and there by we have determined to study the prevalence of these lesions and its association with P16ink4a marker.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of P16ink4a in oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. In clinically significant patients, correlation between histopathology findings and its association with P16ink4a marker has been studied in Department of Pathology, ASRAMS. A retrospective study done from July 2017 to July 2019.The study was carried out after approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee. The biological material received was resection specimen and punch biopsies of the lesion which was fixed in 10% formalin for 6hrs later processed, followed by paraffin embedding and hematoxylin & eosin staining of the sections. Histopathological classification of lesions was done according to the criteria proposed by WHO for oral cavity lesions.Immunohistochemical analysis with P16ink4a was performed on the serial sections. Development of reactions was performed with DAB (Diamino benzidine). The panel used was clone E6H4, requiring no dilution followed by epitope retrieval solution. All data were tabulated in a Windows Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel 2011) and statistically analyzed using software version. The expression of P16ink4a in various lesions was tabulated.The study included 29 cases of oral lesions, most of them belonged to age group of 40 to 60 yrs. Male preponderance is noted. Most of the cases in our study were located on tongue. Histopathologically well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas were more in number. The immunoexpression of p16 stain was present at nuclear and cytoplasmic level mainly found at the basal dysplastic epithelium. P16 had a weak intensity at level of tumor proper and also at invasion front.P16ink4a immunohistochemical marker can be used as a surrogate biomarker for HPV detection of oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinomas. P16 is useful marker in identifying dysplastic lesions and decrease of its immunoexpression is a predictive factor notified for neoplastic transformation.
Spectrum of cytomorphology in palpable head and neck lesions in a zonal care centre & its diagnostic utility
Authors: Bisht Dayal Singh , Bisht Sunita 
Published: March 2023

A prospective observational study was conducted in a zonal care hospital probing the role of FNAC in palpable head and neck lesions & its diagnostic utility which can differentiate the various neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions of head and neck very cost effectively. To study diagnostic utility of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) in head and neck lesions. A one year prospective observational study carried out at a zonal care hospital, which included a total of 120 patients reported with head and neck masses in the Otorinolaryngology OPD. Out of 120 FNACs, 38 (31.66%) cases were of thyroid origin, 35 (29.16%) cases included cervical lymph nodes, 34 cases (28.33%) arised from soft tissue and 04 (3.33%) from salivary glands. Thyroid lesion involvement (31.66%) was more common than any other lesion, out of which 84.21% were colloid goitre, 7.89% were Hashimoto’s thyroditis, 5.26% follicular neoplasm and 2.56% papillary carcinoma of thyroid. Amongst the lymph node swellings, 13 cases (36.11%) were reactive/ nonspecific lesion, 12 cases (33.33%) were tuberculous granulomatous lymphadenitis, 16.66% were cases of suppurative lymphadenitis. In malignant lesions of lymph nodes, metastatic deposit of carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma were the predominant pathology and lymphoma case was nil. FNAC of head and neck swelling is a worldwide accepted diagnostic modality. It is simple, inexpensive and rapid method for the diagnosis of head and neck lesion and avoids unnecessary surgery in the form of excision biopsy for diagnosis.
Cytological, cell block and immunohistochemical analysis of spectrum of malignant pleural effusion with special reference to non-small cell lung carcinoma: A hospital based study of North East India
Authors: Bora Nayana , Devi Junu 
Published: March 2023

Malignant pleural effusions (MPE) can result from primary malignancies of the pleura or from underlying intrathoracic or extrathoracic malignancies that reach the pleural space by hematogenous, lymphatic, or contiguous spread. Conventional smear and cell block (CB) technique is one of the oldest methods for the evaluation of body cavity fluids. The principal advantage of cell block over conventional smears are an additional yield of malignant cells and obtaining multiple sections for ancillary tests such as immunohistochemistry (IHC).This study is a hospital-based cross-sectional study which was conducted for a period of 14 months from June 2021 to July 2022 in a tertiary care centre of North East India.Among 277 pleural effusion specimens 11.91% cases were positive for malignancy.Lung carcinoma was the most common cause of malignant pleural effusion. Non-small cell lung carcinoma comprised majority of lung carcinoma cases. Adenocarcinoma was the most common subtype of NSCLC with female preponderance. Cytological diagnosis had a Sensitivity of 76.19%, specificity of 100% andAccuracy of 96.5%. Immunohistochemistry of lung carcinoma in cell block preparation revealed 77.77% cases of adenocarcinoma of lung were positive for TTF-1(P&#60;0.018). Immuno-expression of P63 and P40 showed positive expression in both the cases of squamous cell carcinoma.Conventional smear and cell block method with application of immunohistochemistry will help us in accurate diagnosis of primary site of the tumour aiding early treatment especially in resources restricted hospitals.
Immunoexpression of TGF-&beta;: An utility marker in hansen’s disease
Authors: Akhtar Kafil , Warsi Sumbul , Lubna Fatima , Adil Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine that deploys several functions on different types of cells. In the lepromatous (LL) form of Leprosy, there is predominance of M2 macrophages, which induce the production of growth factors, such as TGF-β which is important for the mechanisms that cause apoptosis and healing. To study the immunoexpression of TGF-β in Hansen’s disease and to assess the severity of infection with potential response to treatment. The present study was carried out in 45 patients of Hansen’s disease after a detailed history and thorough physical examination performed in every subject and punch biopsies were performed. The specimens were fixed, paraffin embedded and sections of 3-5 microns thickness were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stains. Additional sections of 3-4 microns thickness were cut and immunohistochemical staining by TGF-β antibody was performed. Of the 45 cases of Hansen’s disease, most of the cases were of Borderline Tuberculoid and Borderline Lepromatous, constituting 14 (31.1%) cases each, followed by 9 (20.0%) cases of Lepromatous Leprosy. Maximum cases, 12 (26.7%) each with intense reaction were of Borderline Tuberculoid and Borderline Lepromatous, followed by 6 (13.3%) cases of Lepromatous Leprosy. Most of the cases, 9 (20.0%) were of Borderline Lepromatous category with highest proportion score, followed by 7 cases (15.6%) of Borderline Tuberculoid. Highest number of cases, 9 (20.0%) with high immunoreactivity score were in Borderline Lepromatous, whereas most of the cases, 7(15.6%) with low immunoreactivity score were in Borderline Tuberculoid. The immunoexpression of TGF-β was more intense in lepromatous side of the spectrum as compared to the tuberculoid, which indicates the severity of the disease with less cure potential.
Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of cutaneous and subcutaneous swellings
Authors: Gupta Chhavi , Gupta Rajat , Bhardwaj Subhash 
Published: March 2023

A wide range of inflammatory as well as neoplastic lesions can present as cutaneous and subcutaneous swellings all over the body. FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) is considered to be the first reliable technique for diagnosing them. To assess the cytological spectrum of lesions presenting as skin and subcutaneous swellings. It was an observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, Jammu. FNAC was performed on patients presenting with palpable skin and subcutaneous swellings. May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) and Papanicolaou (PAP) stained smears were examined under light microscope. The cytological features were studied and diagnosis was made. The present study had 290 patients which included 169 (58%) males and 121 (42%) females. On FNA examination, 111 (38.3%) were non-neoplastic and 179 (61.7%) were neoplastic. Epidermal inclusion cyst was the most common non- neoplastic lesion. Among neoplastic lesions, 166 cases (57.2%) were benign and 13 cases (4.5%) were malignant. Lipoma was the most common benign neoplastic lesion and was also overall the commonest lesion in our study. Metastatic carcinoma cases were maximum among malignant lesions. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is a rapid, reliable technique for initial assessment of cutaneous and subcutaneous swellings and thereby guiding further management.
Comorbid emotional disturbances in drug-resistant epilepsy in neurosurgical patients during the preoperative and postoperative periods
Authors: Odintsov G. V. , Ermolaeva V. D. , Samochernykh K. А. , Ivanova N. E. , Dengina N. O. 
Published: March 2023

Background.Pharmacoresistant epilepsy, i.e. failure to achieve adequate seizure control with antiepileptic drugs develops in 30–40 % of patients. The surgical treatment for these patients are of particular importance. The relevance of studying the emotional sphere of neurosurgical patients with drug-resistant epilepsy stems from the high incidence of this pathology and its impact on patients’ quality of life.Objective.To investigate comorbidity indicators: depression and anxiety in neurosurgical patients with drug-resistant epilepsy during the preoperative and postoperative periods of epilepsy treatment.Design and methods.In 2019–2020, Polenov Neurosurgical Institute studied comorbid affective pathology in 46 neurosurgical patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in 2 groups: Group 1 — preoperative and Group 2 — postoperative patients, using HADS for screening.Results.The study included 46 patients in 2 groups. Group1 — 56.5 %, Group2 — 43.5 %. The mean age of the participants in the study was 30.8 ± 1.1 years. The sex ratio in the cohort was 1.7 males to 1 female. In the cohort, no anxiety was observed in 71.7 % and depression in 84.8 %, severe anxiety in 13 % and depression in 8.7 %.Conclusion.Among the neurosurgical patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, patients without symptoms of anxiety and depression predominated. There is a need to expand the sample and investigate further.
Direct comparison of KATUSHKA far-red fluorescent protein variants with luciferase bioluminescence in xenograft mouse models of epithelial tumor studies
Authors: Levchuk K. A. , Bogdanova D. A. , Ershova A. , Smirnov S. V. , Goldaeva A. A. , Vasuytina M. L. , Istomina M. S. , Demidov O. N. , Petukhov A. V. , Toropova Ya. G. 
Published: March 2023

Background. Research in oncology assumes establishment and usage of xenograft animal models, meeting the requirements of humanity and rationality. Although praised as promising field of research, preclinical studies of low-molecular-weight inhibitors, antitumor monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, cellular therapy products, CAR-T cells entail continuous control of tumor growth dynamics. Luciferase detection of bioluminescence requires injection of a reporter substrate. However, injections not only are laborious, time-consuming and expensive, but are also stressful for animals. Thus, a vast variety of new visualization methods is employed, including proteins of the far-red spectrum.Objective. The study aimed to compare detection efficiency of tumor growth dynamics in mice models of cervical cancer, applying a commercially available line of fluorescent red protein derivatives of Katushka clade and Renilla luciferase, that is commonly used in in vivo studies. Design and methods. Xenograft mice models were derived injecting modified HeLa cell line, that expresses fluorescent reporter proteins: Katushka, Katushka2S, TurboRFP, TurboFP650 and Renilla enzyme. Results. Spectral properties and emission wavelength of far-red fluorescent protein Katushka and Katushka2S outlines these markers within RFP derivatives lineage as outstanding instrument for in vivo tumor visualization.Conclusion. Detection of fluorescent far-red reporters Katushka and Katushka2S can be considered as a credible alternative to Renilla luciferase bioluminescence in experimental models in vivo on the part of immunotherapy research.
Radiologic imaging of sleep disorders in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Borshevetskaya A. A. , Trushina L. I. , Efimtsev A. Yu. , Ternovykh I. K. , Galyautdinova L. E. , Yerogova V. S. , Alekseeva T. M. , Trufanov G. E. 
Published: March 2023

Sleep is an important and complex physiological process that is necessary for the normal functioning of any organism. Sleep disorders diagnostics is an issue of interest in patients with acute ischemic stroke management. Currently these disorders are considered not only as a consequence of earlier stroke but as an acute cerebrovascular disease risk factor itself. Sleep disorders in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease can be presented in different types, including: insomnia, sleep apnea, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, parasomnias, sleep related movement disorders, unspecified sleep related disorders.There are very few publications on the subject of sleep disorders associated with acute ischemic stroke, despite the fact that imaging of each of these conditions separately occupies a significant place in radiology.Polysomnography is considered to be the gold standard in sleep disorders diagnostics. Contrary to that, the precise imaging of acute cerebrovascular accidents requires high-technology modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).The article represents a current literature review regarding radiologic methods in diagnostics of sleep disorders in patients with acute ischemic stroke anamnesis.
Examination of Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum in Terms of 21st Century Skills
Authors: SARIGÖZ Okan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The curriculum is the whole system that enables them to develop and renew their school education system. With the transition to the constructivism model in the schools of the world countries, many countries have revised their curricula according to this model. The mathematics curriculum taught in secondary education in Turkey was first revised by the Ministry of National Education in 2005 and then renewed in 2018. The aim of this research is to examine the secondary school mathematics curriculum in 2018 (achievements and activities) within the context of 21st century skills. Achievements and activities determined will be evaluated and examined in terms of learning and renewal skills. In line with this purpose, the research analyzed how much 21st century skills were included in the learning outcomes of the 2018 secondary school mathematics curriculum and its effects in the textbooks In addition, in the research, it was analyzed how much problem solving, critical thinking, creative thinking and communication skills of the P21 framework learning and innovation skills were included in the 2018 secondary school mathematics curriculum achievements and textbooks. The research model was conducted with document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods. In the document analysis, 21st century skills were selected by taking into account the P21 framework for 21st century skills. These skills are grouped in three areas: learning and innovation, information, media and technology, and life and professional skills. At the end of the research, it was determined that, due to the nature of the mathematics course, problem solving skills are included in almost all achievements and activities, while skills other than problem solving skills are not included in the achievements, these skills are included in the coursebook activities.
Keywords: 21st century skills, Secondary school mathematics curriculum, Mathematics curriculum, P21
Deskripsi Korban Mati Akibat Jejas di Leher Yang Diperiksa di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Tahun 2015-2021
Authors: Novianto Adi Nugroho  , Haniifah Firda Luthfiyyatul , Suwandono Adji 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Surakarta has a population growth rate 0.43%, the high population density can cause population problems homicides, accidents, and hanging themselves. This case can be proven by the discovery of neck injuries due to strangulation. This study was conducted to find out about the description of victims who died due to neck injuries in 2015-2021.
Methods: This study used a descriptive observational method from Visum et Repertum with the population in the form of all forensic pathology case due to neck injuries which were examined at Dr. Moewardi hospital in 2015-2021. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: From the VeR Dr. Moewardi hospital in 2015-2021 obtained as many as 28 cases of forensic pathology due to neck injuries with the description: (1) tilted injury shape 57.14%, horizontal 39.29%, crescent moon 3.57%; (2) blunt hardness 96.43%, sharp 3.57%; (3) submission of requests for VeR from the Surakarta Police 53.57%, Sukoharjo 14.29%, Boyolali 14.29%, Wonogiri 7.14%, Sragen 7.14%, Karanganyar 3.57%; (4) external examination 57.14%, autopsy 42.86%; (5) suicide 53.57%, homicide 32.14%, accident 7.14%; (6) age <15 years 7.14%, 15-64 years 78.57%, >64 years 10.71%; (7) male 67.86%, female 32.14%; (8) private employment 67.86%, students 10.71%, housewives 7.14%, not working 7.14%
Conclusion: From this research, the most results were in the form of slanted neck injuries, violence due to blunt objects, requests for VeR from the Surakarta police, external examination, the method of death was suicide, victims of productive age, men, and private workers.
Efek Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Kelor Terhadap Kadar HDL, Kadar LDL, serta Ketebalan Aorta Tikus Wistar Model Sindrom Metabolik
Authors: Nadhira Aulia Ninggar , Nurwati Ida , Budiani Dyah Ratna 
Published: March 2023

Pendahuluan: Daun kelor diketahui memiliki potensi menurunkan gejala sindrom metabolik. Kriteria sindrom metabolik antara lain yait terdapat penurunan HDL, peningkatan LDL, dan penebalan dinding aorta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanolik daun kelor terhadap kadar HDL, kadar LDL, dan ketebalan aorta tikus wistar jantan model sindrom metabolik.
Metode: Penelitian bersifat eksperimental laboratorik menggunakan lima kelompok, yaitu KKN diberi pakan standar; KKP, KP1, KP2, dan KP3 diberi pakan tinggi lemak selama 28 hari dan injeksi STZ-NA pada hari ke-25. Kelompok perlakuan (KP) diberikan dosis ekstrak etanolik daun kelor masing-masing 150; 250; dan 350 mg/kgBB/hari. Kadar HDL dan LDL diukur pada hari ke-0, 25, 28, dan 57. Terminasi pada hari ke-57, aorta pars thoracica diberi pengecatan HE. Kadar HDL dan LDL dianalisis menggunakan paired t-test. Kadar HDL, LDL, dan ketebalan aorta dianalisis menggunakan one-way ANOVA dilanjutkan post hoc Tukey HSD.
Hasil: Hasil paired t-test terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar HDL dan LDL sebelum dan setelah pemberian ekstrak. Hasil one-way ANOVA dan post hoc Tukey HSD, kadar HDL dan LDL terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok sedangkan ketebalan aorta tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok.
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanolik daun kelor dosis 150; 250; dan 350 mg/kgBB/hari dapat meningkatkan kadar HDL dan menurunkan kadar LDL, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap ketebalan aorta tikus wistar jantan model sindrom metabolik.