bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer-cell-secreted miR-204-5p induces leptin signalling pathway in white adipose tissue to promote cancer-associated cachexia
Authors: Hu Yong , Liu Liu , Chen Yong , Zhang Xiaohui , Zhou Haifeng , Hu Sheng , Li Xu , Li Meixin , Li Juanjuan , Cheng Siyuan , Liu Yong , Xu Yancheng , Yan Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCancer-associated cachexia is a multi-organ weight loss syndrome, especially with a wasting disorder of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) serve as emerging messengers to connect primary tumour and metabolic organs to exert systemic regulation. However, whether and how tumour-derived sEVs regulate white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and fat loss is poorly defined. Here, we report breast cancer cell-secreted exosomal miR-204-5p induces hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A) in WAT by targeting von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene. Elevated HIF1A protein induces the leptin signalling pathway and thereby enhances lipolysis in WAT. Additionally, exogenous VHL expression blocks the effect of exosomal miR-204-5p on WAT browning. Reduced plasma phosphatidyl ethanolamine level is detected in mice lack of cancer-derived miR-204-5p secretion in vivo. Collectively, our study reveals circulating miR-204-5p induces hypoxia-mediated leptin signalling pathway to promote lipolysis and WAT browning, shedding light on both preventive screenings and early intervention for cancer-associated cachexia.
Recent increases in tropical cyclone rapid intensification events in global offshore regions
Authors: Li Yi , Tang Youmin , Wang Shuai , Toumi Ralf , Song Xiangzhou , Wang Qiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRapid intensification (RI) is an essential process in the development of strong tropical cyclones and a major challenge in prediction. RI in offshore regions is more threatening to coastal populations and economies. Although much effort has been devoted to studying basin-wide temporal-spatial fluctuations, variations of global RI events in offshore regions remain uncertain. Here, we show that compared with open oceans, where the annual RI counts do not show significant changes, offshore areas within 400 km of the coastline have experienced a significant increase in RI events, with the count tripling from 1980 to 2020. Furthermore, thermodynamic environments present more favorable conditions for this trend, and climate models show that global ocean warming has enhanced such changes. This work yields an important finding that an increasing threat of RI in coastal regions has occurred in the preceding decades, which may continue under a future warming climate.
A universal metasurface antenna to manipulate all fundamental characteristics of electromagnetic waves
Authors: Wu Geng-Bo , Dai Jun Yan , Shum Kam Man , Chan Ka Fai , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun , Chan Chi Hou 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetasurfaces have promising potential to revolutionize a variety of photonic and electronic device technologies. However, metasurfaces that can simultaneously and independently control all electromagnetics (EM) waves’ properties, including amplitude, phase, frequency, polarization, and momentum, with high integrability and programmability, are challenging and have not been successfully attempted. Here, we propose and demonstrate a microwave universal metasurface antenna (UMA) capable of dynamically, simultaneously, independently, and precisely manipulating all the constitutive properties of EM waves in a software-defined manner. Our UMA further facilitates the spatial- and time-varying wave properties, leading to more complicated waveform generation, beamforming, and direct information manipulations. In particular, the UMA can directly generate the modulated waveforms carrying digital information that can fundamentally simplify the architecture of information transmitter systems. The proposed UMA with unparalleled EM wave and information manipulation capabilities will spark a surge of applications from next-generation wireless systems, cognitive sensing, and imaging to quantum optics and quantum information science.
Adoption of climate-resilient groundnut varieties increases agricultural production, consumption, and smallholder commercialization in West Africa
Authors: Tabe-Ojong Martin Paul Jr , Lokossou Jourdain C. , Gebrekidan Bisrat , Affognon Hippolyte D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs part of the climate-smart agriculture approach, the adoption of climate-resilient crop varieties has the potential to build farmers’ climate resilience but could also induce agricultural transformation in developing nations. We investigate the relationship between adoption of climate-resilient groundnut varieties and production, consumption, and smallholder commercialization using panel data from Ghana, Mali, and Nigeria. We find adoption of climate-resilient groundnut varieties to increase smallholder production, consumption, and commercialization. The biggest adoption impact gains are observed under the sustained use of these climate-resilient varieties. We show that adoption benefits all households, but the biggest gains are found among smaller producers, suggesting that adoption is inclusive. Furthermore, we provide suggestive evidence that yield increases could explain commercialization, although household consumption also matters. We conclude that adoption of climate-resilient groundnut varieties can at least partially reduce production constraints and promote smallholder consumption and commercialization, with implications for agricultural transformation.
Circadian clock regulator Bmal1 gates axon regeneration via Tet3 epigenetics in mouse sensory neurons
Authors: Halawani Dalia , Wang Yiqun , Ramakrishnan Aarthi , Estill Molly , He Xijing , Shen Li , Friedel Roland H. , Zou Hongyan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAxon regeneration of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons after peripheral axotomy involves reconfiguration of gene regulatory circuits to establish regenerative gene programs. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, through an unbiased survey, we show that the binding motif of Bmal1, a central transcription factor of the circadian clock, is enriched in differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) of mouse DRG after peripheral lesion. By applying conditional deletion of Bmal1 in neurons, in vitro and in vivo neurite outgrowth assays, as well as transcriptomic profiling, we demonstrate that Bmal1 inhibits axon regeneration, in part through a functional link with the epigenetic factor Tet3. Mechanistically, we reveal that Bmal1 acts as a gatekeeper of neuroepigenetic responses to axonal injury by limiting Tet3 expression and restricting 5hmC modifications. Bmal1-regulated genes not only concern axon growth, but also stress responses and energy homeostasis. Furthermore, we uncover an epigenetic rhythm of diurnal oscillation of Tet3 and 5hmC levels in DRG neurons, corresponding to time-of-day effect on axon growth potential. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that targeting Bmal1 enhances axon regeneration.
Immunotherapy targeting different immune compartments in combination with radiation therapy induces regression of resistant tumors
Authors: Rudqvist Nils-Petter , Charpentier Maud , Lhuillier Claire , Wennerberg Erik , Spada Sheila , Sheridan Caroline , Zhou Xi Kathy , Zhang Tuo , Formenti Silvia C. , Sims Jennifer S. , Alonso Alicia , Demaria Sandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRadiation therapy (RT) increases tumor response to CTLA-4 inhibition (CTLA4i) in mice and in some patients, yet deep responses are rare. To identify rational combinations of immunotherapy to improve responses we use models of triple negative breast cancer highly resistant to immunotherapy in female mice. We find that CTLA4i promotes the expansion of CD4+ T helper cells, whereas RT enhances T cell clonality and enriches for CD8+ T cells with an exhausted phenotype. Combination therapy decreases regulatory CD4+ T cells and increases effector memory, early activation and precursor exhausted CD8+ T cells. A combined gene signature comprising these three CD8+ T cell clusters is associated with survival in patients. Here we show that targeting additional immune checkpoints expressed by intratumoral T cells, including PD1, is not effective, whereas CD40 agonist therapy recruits resistant tumors into responding to the combination of RT and CTLA4i, indicating the need to target different immune compartments.
Astroglial exosome HepaCAM signaling and ApoE antagonization coordinates early postnatal cortical pyramidal neuronal axon growth and dendritic spine formation
Authors: Jin Shijie , Chen Xuan , Tian Yang , Jarvis Rachel , Promes Vanessa , Yang Yongjie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeveloping astroglia play important roles in regulating synaptogenesis through secreted and contact signals. Whether they regulate postnatal axon growth is unknown. By selectively isolating exosomes using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and employing cell-type specific exosome reporter mice, our current results define a secreted astroglial exosome pathway that can spread long-range in vivo and stimulate axon growth of cortical pyramidal neurons. Subsequent biochemical and genetic studies found that surface expression of glial HepaCAM protein essentially and sufficiently mediates the axon-stimulating effect of astroglial exosomes. Interestingly, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a major astroglia-secreted cholesterol carrier to promote synaptogenesis, strongly inhibits the stimulatory effect of astroglial exosomes on axon growth. Developmental ApoE deficiency also significantly reduces spine density of cortical pyramidal neurons. Together, our study suggests a surface contact mechanism of astroglial exosomes in regulating axon growth and its antagonization by ApoE, which collectively coordinates early postnatal pyramidal neuronal axon growth and dendritic spine formation.
Downregulation of chemokine receptor 9 facilitates CD4+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocyte development
Authors: Ono Keiko , Sujino Tomohisa , Miyamoto Kentaro , Harada Yosuke , Kojo Satoshi , Yoshimatsu Yusuke , Tanemoto Shun , Koda Yuzo , Zheng Jiawen , Sayama Kazutoshi , Koide Tsuyoshi , Teratani Toshiaki , Mikami Yohei , Takabayashi Kaoru , Nakamoto Nobuhiro , Hosoe Naoki , London Mariya , Ogata Haruhiko , Mucida Daniel , Taniuchi Ichiro , Kanai Takanori 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) reside in the gut epithelial layer, where they help in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Peripheral CD4+ T cells can develop into CD4+CD8αα+ IELs upon arrival at the gut epithelium via the lamina propria (LP). Although this specific differentiation of T cells is well established, the mechanisms preventing it from occurring in the LP remain unclear. Here, we show that chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) expression is low in epithelial CD4+CD8αα+ IELs, but CCR9 deficiency results in CD4+CD8αα+ over-differentiation in both the epithelium and the LP. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows an enriched precursor cell cluster for CD4+CD8αα+ IELs in Ccr9−/− mice. CD4+ T cells isolated from the epithelium of Ccr9−/− mice also display increased expression of Cbfβ2, and the genomic occupancy modification of Cbfβ2 expression reveals its important function in CD4+CD8αα+ differentiation. These results implicate a link between CCR9 downregulation and Cbfb2 splicing upregulation to enhance CD4+CD8αα+ IEL differentiation.
Radiation damage by extensive local water ionization from two-step electron-transfer-mediated decay of solvated ions
Authors: Gopakumar G. , Unger I. , Slavíček P. , Hergenhahn U. , Öhrwall G. , Malerz S. , Céolin D. , Trinter F. , Winter B. , Wilkinson I. , Caleman C. , Muchová E. , Björneholm O. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBiomolecular radiation damage is largely mediated by radicals and low-energy electrons formed by water ionization rather than by direct ionization of biomolecules. It was speculated that such an extensive, localized water ionization can be caused by ultrafast processes following excitation by core-level ionization of hydrated metal ions. In this model, ions relax via a cascade of local Auger–Meitner and, importantly, non-local charge- and energy-transfer processes involving the water environment. Here, we experimentally and theoretically show that, for solvated paradigmatic intermediate-mass Al3+ ions, electronic relaxation involves two sequential solute–solvent electron transfer-mediated decay processes. The electron transfer-mediated decay steps correspond to sequential relaxation from Al5+ to Al3+ accompanied by formation of four ionized water molecules and two low-energy electrons. Such charge multiplication and the generated highly reactive species are expected to initiate cascades of radical reactions.
Outflows from the youngest stars are mostly molecular
Authors: Ray T. P. , McCaughrean M. J. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Kavanagh P. J. , Justtanont K. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Reitsma M. , Beuther H. , Francis L. , Gieser C. , Klaassen P. , Perotti G. , Tychoniec L. , van Gelder M. , Colina L. , Greve Th. R. , Güdel M. , Henning Th. , Lagage P. O. , Östlin G. , Vandenbussche B. , Waelkens C. , Wright G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe formation of stars and planets is accompanied not only by the build-up of matter, namely accretion, but also by its expulsion in the form of highly supersonic jets that can stretch for several parsecs1,2. As accretion and jet activity are correlated and because young stars acquire most of their mass rapidly early on, the most powerful jets are associated with the youngest protostars3. This period, however, coincides with the time when the protostar and its surroundings are hidden behind many magnitudes of visual extinction. Millimetre interferometers can probe this stage but only for the coolest components3. No information is provided on the hottest (greater than 1,000 K) constituents of the jet, that is, the atomic, ionized and high-temperature molecular gases that are thought to make up the jet’s backbone. Detecting such a spine relies on observing in the infrared that can penetrate through the shroud of dust. Here we report near-infrared observations of Herbig-Haro 211 from the James Webb Space Telescope, an outflow from an analogue of our Sun when it was, at most, a few times 104 years old. These observations reveal copious emission from hot molecules, explaining the origin of the ‘green fuzzies’4–7 discovered nearly two decades ago by the Spitzer Space Telescope8. This outflow is found to be propagating slowly in comparison to its more evolved counterparts and, surprisingly, almost no trace of atomic or ionized emission is seen, suggesting its spine is almost purely molecular.
A framework for Li-ion battery prognosis based on hybrid Bayesian physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Nascimento Renato G. , Viana Felipe A. C. , Corbetta Matteo , Kulkarni Chetan S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLi-ion batteries are the main power source used in electric propulsion applications (e.g., electric cars, unmanned aerial vehicles, and advanced air mobility aircraft). Analytics-based monitoring and forecasting for metrics such as state of charge and state of health based on battery-specific usage data are critical to ensure high reliability levels. However, the complex electrochemistry that governs battery operation leads to computationally expensive physics-based models; which become unsuitable for prognosis and health management applications. We propose a hybrid physics-informed machine learning approach that simulates dynamical responses by directly implementing numerical integration of principle-based governing equations through recurrent neural networks. While reduced-order models describe part of the voltage discharge under constant or variable loading conditions, model-form uncertainty is captured through multi-layer perceptrons and battery-to-battery aleatory uncertainty is modeled through variational multi-layer perceptrons. In addition, we use a Bayesian approach to merge fleet-wide data in the form of priors with battery-specific discharge cycles, where the battery capacity is fully available or only partially available. We illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework using the NASA Prognostics Data Repository Battery dataset, which contains experimental discharge data on Li-ion batteries obtained in a controlled environment.
Assessing children’s potential exposures to harmful metals in tire crumb rubber by accelerated photodegradation weathering
Authors: Winz Robyn , Yu Lee L. , Sung Li-Piin , Tong YuYe J. , Chen Dejun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhether a tire crumb rubber (TCR) playground would expose children to potentially harmful chemicals such as heavy metals is an open question. The released metals available for pickup on the surface of TCR tiles was studied by accelerated 2-year aging of the TCRs in the NIST-SPHERE (National Institute of Standards and Technology Simulated Photodegradation via High Energy Radiant Exposure). The dermal contact was mimicked by a method of composite surface wiping from US Environmental Protection Agency throughout the weathering process. The surface release of ten most concerned harmful metals (Be, Cr, Cu, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb) was monitored through the course of aging. The cumulative release of Cu, As, Tl, and Sb reached potentially harmful levels at various times within 3 years, although only Cr was found at a harmful level on the surface of the tiles. Taking the cleansing effect of precipitation or periodic cleansing with rain into account, TCR playgrounds may still be safe for use.
Physiological and biochemical alterations in Vigna rdiate L. triggered by sesame derived elicitors as defense mechanism against Rhizoctonia and Macrophomina infestation
Authors: Kalaivani Kandaswamy , Senthil-Nathan Sengottayan , Stanley‑Raja Vethamonickam , Vasantha-Srinivasan Prabhakaran 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImproving agricultural products by the stimulation of plant growth and defense mechanisms by priming with plant extracts is needed to attain sustainability in agriculture. This study focused to consider the possible improvement in Vigna radiata L. seed germination rate, plant growth, and protection against the natural stress by increasing the defense mechanisms through the incorporation of Sesamum indicum phytochemical compounds with pre-sowing seed treatment technologies. The gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis revealed that the methanol extract of S. indicum leaf extract contained eight major bioactive compounds, namely, 2-ethylacridine (8.24%), tert-butyl (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenoxy) dimethylsilane (13.25%), tris(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy) arsane (10.66%), 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane (18.50%), acetamide, N-[4-(trimethylsilyl) phenyl (19.97%), 3,3-diisopropoxy-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyltrisiloxane (6.78%), silicic acid, diethyl bis(trimethylsilyl) ester (17.71%) and cylotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-(4.89%). The V. radiata seeds were treated with sesame leaf extract seeds at concentrations 0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L. Sesame leaf extract at 50 and 100 mg/L concentrations was effective in increasing the germination percentage and the fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots. The increased peroxidase activity was noticed after treatment with S. indicum extract. In addition, disease percentage (< 60%) of both fungal pathogens (Rhizoctonia and Macrophomina) was significantly reduced in V. radiata plants treated with 100 mg/L of sesame leaf extract. These results revealed that physiochemical components present in S. indicum mature leaf extract significantly enhanced growth and defense mechanism in green gram plants.
Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms to identify quantitative biomarkers of facial skin ageing
Authors: Bonnier Franck , Pedrazzani Mélanie , Fischman Sébastien , Viel Théo , Lavoix Agnes , Pegoud Didier , Nili Meryem , Jimenez Yolande , Ralambondrainy Samuel , Cauchard Jean-Hubert , Korichi Rodolphe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuantitative biomarkers of facial skin ageing were studied from one hundred healthy Caucasian female volunteers, aged 20–70 years, using in vivo 3D Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) imaging coupled with Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based quantification algorithms. Layer metrics, i.e. stratum corneum thickness (SC), viable epidermal thickness and Dermal–Epidermal Junction (DEJ) undulation, as well as cellular metrics were measured for the temple, cheekbone and mandible. For all three investigated facial areas, minimal age-related variations were observed in the thickness of the SC and viable epidermis layers. A flatter and more homogeneous epidermis (decrease in the standard deviation of the number of layers means), a less dense cellular network with fewer cells per layer (decrease in cell surface density), and larger and more heterogeneous nuclei within each layer (increase in nuclei volume and their standard deviation) were found with significant variations with age. The higher atypia scores further reflected the heterogeneity of nuclei throughout the viable epidermis. The 3D visualisation of fine structures in the skin at the micrometric resolution and the 1200 µm × 500 µm field of view achieved with LC-OCT imaging enabled to compute relevant quantitative biomarkers for a better understanding of skin biology and the ageing process in vivo.
Feasibility and safety of non-contrast optical coherence tomography imaging using hydroxyethyl starch in coronary arteries
Authors: Kang Dong Oh , Nam Hyeong Soo , Kim Sunwon , Yoo Hongki , Kim Jin Won 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) requires injection of flushing media for image acquisition. Alternative flushing media needs to be investigated to reduce the risk of contrast-induced renal dysfunction. We investigated the feasibility and safety of pentastarch (hydroxyethyl starch) for clinical OCT imaging. We prospectively enrolled 43 patients with 70 coronary lesions (46-stented; 24-native). Total 81 OCT pullback pairs were obtained by manual injection of iodine contrast, followed by pentastarch. Each pullback was assessed frame-by-frame using an automated customized lumen contour/stent strut segmentation algorithm. Paired images were compared for the clear image segments (CIS), blood-flushing capability, and quantitative morphometric measurements. Overall image quality, as assessed by the proportion of CIS, was comparable between the contrast- and pentastarch-flushed images (97.1% vs. 96.5%; p = 0.160). The pixel-based blood-flushing capability was similar between the groups (0.951 [0.947–0.953] vs. 0.950 [0.948–0.952], p = 0.125). Quantitative two- and three-dimensional morphometric measurements of the paired images correlated well (p < 0.001) with excellent inter-measurement variability. All patients safely underwent OCT imaging using pentastarch without resulting in clinically relevant complications or renal deterioration. Non-contrast OCT imaging using pentastarch is clinically safe and technically feasible with excellent image quality and could be a promising alternative strategy for patients at high risk of renal impairment.