bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Close coupling of plant functional types with soil microbial community composition drives soil carbon and nutrient cycling in tundra heath
Authors: Koranda Marianne , Rinnan Riikka , Michelsen Anders 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed at elucidating divergent effects of two dominant plant functional types (PFTs) in tundra heath, dwarf shrubs and mosses, on soil microbial processes and soil carbon (C) and nutrient availability, and thereby to enhance our understanding of the complex interactions between PFTs, soil microbes and soil functioning.

Methods
Samples of organic soil were collected under three dwarf shrub species (of distinct mycorrhizal association and life form) and three moss species in early and late growing season. We analysed soil C and nutrient pools, extracellular enzyme activities and phospholipid fatty acid profiles, together with a range of plant traits, soil and abiotic site characteristics.

Results
Shrub soils were characterised by high microbial biomass C and phosphorus and phosphatase activity, which was linked with a fungal-dominated microbial community, while moss soils were characterised by high soil nitrogen availability, peptidase and peroxidase activity associated with a bacterial-dominated microbial community. The variation in soil microbial community structure was explained by mycorrhizal association, root morphology, litter and soil organic matter quality and soil pH-value. Furthermore, we found that the seasonal variation in microbial biomass and enzyme activities over the growing season, likely driven by plant belowground C allocation, was most pronounced under the tallest shrub Betula nana.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates a close coupling of PFTs with soil microbial communities, microbial decomposition processes and soil nutrient availability in tundra heath, which suggests potential strong impacts of global change-induced shifts in plant community composition on carbon and nutrient cycling in high-latitude ecosystems.
Unravelling the seasonal dynamics of the metabolome of white asparagus spears using untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Pegiou Eirini , Engel Jasper , Mumm Roland , Hall Robert D. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The white asparagus season lasts 4 months while the harvest period per field is 8 weeks. Different varieties are better suited for harvesting early or late in the season. Little is known of the dynamics of secondary metabolites of white asparagus during the production season.

Objective
Characterization of the metabolome of white asparagus spears covering volatile and non-volatile composition in relation to quality aspects.

Methods
Eight varieties, harvested repeatedly during two consecutive seasons were analysed following an untargeted metabolomics workflow using SPME GC–MS and LC–MS. Linear regression, cluster and network analyses were used to explore the profile dynamics, unravel patterns and study the influence of genotype and environment.

Results
The metabolite profiles were influenced by the harvest moment and genetic background. Metabolites that significantly changed over time were distributed across seven clusters based on their temporal patterns. Two clusters including monoterpenes, benzenoids and saponins showed the most prominent seasonal changes. The changes depicted by the other five clusters were mainly ≤ 2-fold relative to the harvest start. Known asparagus aroma compounds were found to be relatively stable across the season/varieties. Heat-enhanced cultivation appeared to yield spears early in season with a similar metabolome to those harvested later.

Conclusion
The dynamics of the white asparagus metabolome is influenced by a complex relationship between the onset of spear development, the moment of harvest and the genetic background. The typical perceived asparagus flavour profile is unlikely to be significantly affected by these dynamics.
Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and the risk of incident laryngeal cancer: a longitudinal UK Biobank-based study
Authors: Wang Jiada , Lin Chen , Chu Yidian , Deng Hongxia , Shen Zhisen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We assessed the association between long-term joint exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of laryngeal cancer and whether this risk was modified by genetic susceptibility. We used a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model to analyze data from UK Biobank to determine the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollutants–nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and 2.5-µm and 10-µm particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and the risk of laryngeal cancer. In multivariable-adjusted models, in model 3 and compared with the participants with lower quintile scores for air pollution, the participants with the highest quintile scores for air pollution had a higher laryngeal cancer risk. The observed association was more pronounced among the participants who were female, were smokers, had a systolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 120 mmHg, and had diabetes. Compared with the participants with a low GRS and the lowest quintile score for air pollution exposure, those with an intermediate GRS and the highest quintile score for air pollution exposure had a higher risk of laryngeal cancer. Long-term exposure to NO2, NO, or PM2.5, individually or jointly, was associated with a risk of incident laryngeal cancer, especially in the participants with an intermediate GRS.
External Liver-Derived Complement and Intrinsic Present in Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Complosome Modulate Cell Metabolism and Response to Stress
Authors: Thapa Arjun , Ratajczak Janina , Kucia Magdalena , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) express receptors for complement cascade (ComC) cleavage fragments C3a and C5a and may respond to inflammation-related cues by sensing pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) released by pathogens as well as non-infectious danger associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) or alarmin generated during stress/tissue damage sterile inflammation. To facilitate this HSPCs are equipped with C3a and C5a receptors, C3aR and C5aR, respectively, and express on the outer cell membrane and in cytosol pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) that sense PAMPs and DAMPs. Overall, danger-sensing mechanisms in HSPCs mimic those seen in immune cells, which should not surprise as hematopoiesis and the immune system develop from the same common stem cell precursor. This review will focus on the role of ComC-derived C3a and C5a that trigger nitric oxide synthetase-2 (Nox2) complex to release reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activate important cytosolic PRRs—Nlrp3 inflammasome, which orchestrates responsiveness of HSPCs to stress. Moreover, recent data indicate that in addition to circulating in peripheral blood (PB) activated liver-derived ComC proteins, a similar role plays ComC expressed and intrinsically activated in HSPCs known as “complosome”. We postulate that ComC triggered Nox2-ROS-Nlrp3 inflammasome responses, if they occur within non-toxic to cells' “hormetic range of activation”, positively regulate HSCs migration, metabolism, and proliferation. This sheds a new light on the immune-metabolic regulation of hematopoiesis.
Graphical Abstract
The Lights and Shadows of Family Involvement in Small and Medium-Sized Firms
Authors: Martín-Hidalgo Fernando A. , Herrero Ines , Pérez-Luño Ana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study analyzes the influence of human capital (HC) and altruism on small- and medium-size firms’ (SMEs) performance, contingent upon the effect of family involvement in management. HC, understood as the abilities, skills, and knowledge of firm personnel, has been proved to contribute to firm performance. Even more, firms’ outcomes benefit from aptitudes and also from attitudes, such as altruism. What is not so clear is if having a family character enhances the effect of HC and altruism on firm performance. Our results show that family involvement in management presents lights and shadows in its ability to extract all the potential of HC and altruism. By moving one-step forward in understanding these relationships, our findings contribute to the Family Firm, Human Resources Management, and Resource-Based View literatures.
Hotspot analysis for organic laying hen husbandry—identification of sustainability problems as potential risk points to lose consumers’ trust
Authors: Bayer Elisa , von Meyer-Höfer Marie , Kühl Sarah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been growing societal concern about the welfare of farmed animals. Although organic agriculture provides higher living standards, there are still critical points which can damage consumers’ trust in organic livestock farming. That is a risk, as especially organic farming relies on consumer trust. A hotspot analysis was conducted to identify critical points within the organic laying hen husbandry in Germany. This methodology aims to examine the sustainability of a product along its whole life cycle. Based on literature reviews, the life phases breeding, keeping, feeding, animal health, transport, and slaughter were assessed with ecological, social, and animal welfare criteria. Finally, the results were triangulated with various experts, and the critical points were classified in terms of their potential to diverge from consumers’ expectations. Our results show a high dependency of the organic sector on the conventional breeding process and its specialized breeds. This fact involves critical points which contradict the ideology of organic farming. The loopholes in the organic EU regulations in transport and slaughter were identified as additional threats to consumer trust in the organic system. The overall not better animal health compared to the conventional poultry system and the high numbers of poultry kept on some organic farms are also possible causes of disappointment in consumers’ vision of organic livestock farming. Therefore, we recommend an adjustment of some organic EU regulations regarding these points. Further, a linkage of the organic certification of a slaughterhouse to higher animal welfare standards during slaughter should be considered.
Studying the destruction of pollutant in the presence of photocatalysts based on MWCNTs with controlled values of TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Abbasi Sedigheh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe main goal of the present research is the synthesis of new photocatalysts to reduce the amount of organic pollutants in aquatic environments. For this purpose, the amount of TiO2 nanoparticles in the synthesized samples containing MWCNTs is controlled to synthesize two types of photocatalysts named as MCT#1 and MCT#2. Samples characterizing using XRD reveal that the TiO2 nanoparticles have a combined phase of rutile and anatase. So that in both of photocatalysts, the percentage of anatase phase is higher than rutile. The analysis of the degradation rate demonstrates that intensification level of TiO2 nanoparticles in MCT#2 compared to the MCT#1 leads to enhancement of photocatalytic activity of MCT#2. Design of experiment results shows that the destruction amount of MO is affected by irradiation time and pH. Based on ANOVA study, it is observed that both factors have a significant effect on reducing of MO concentration. Analyzing the results based on Duncan's multiple range test at α = 0.05 confirm that all the studied levels of the main parameters have a logical influence on MO destruction. Meanwhile, it can be deducted that the most and the least of destruction is observed at pH = 7 and pH = 3, respectively.
Application of machine learning algorithms in classification the flow units of the Kazhdumi reservoir in one of the oil fields in southwest of Iran
Authors: mohammadinia Fatemeh , Ranjbar Ali , Kafi Moein , Keshavarz Reza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBy determining the hydraulic flow units (HFUs) in the reservoir rock and examining the distribution of porosity and permeability variables, it is possible to identify areas with suitable reservoir quality. In conventional methods, HFUs are determined using core data. This is while considering the non-continuity of the core data along the well, there is a great uncertainty in generalizing their results to the entire depth of the reservoir. Therefore, using related wireline logs as continuous data and using artificial intelligence methods can be an acceptable alternative. In this study, first, the number of HFUs was determined using conventional methods including Winland R35, flow zone index, discrete rock type and k-means. After that, by using petrophysical logs and using machine learning algorithms including support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), LogitBoost (LB), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR), HFUs have been determined. The innovation of this article is the use of different intelligent methods in determining the HFUs and comparing these methods with each other in such a way that instead of using only two parameters of porosity and permeability, different data obtained from wireline logging are used. This increases the accuracy and speed of reaching the solution and is the main application of the methodology introduced in this study. Mentioned algorithms are compared with accuracy, and the results show that SVM, ANN, RF, LB, and LR with 90.46%, 88.12%, 91.87%, 94.84%, and 91.56% accuracy classified the HFUs respectively.
Another characterization of meager ideals
Authors: Balcerzak Marek , Głąb Szymon , Leonetti Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe show that an ideal $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
on the positive integers is meager if and only if there exists a bounded nonconvergent real sequence x such that the set of subsequences [resp. permutations] of x which preserve the set of $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
-limit points is comeager and, in addition, every accumulation point of x is also an $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
-limit point (that is, a limit of a subsequence $$(x_{n_k})$$

(

x

n
k

)

such that $$\{n_1,n_2,\ldots ,\} \notin \mathcal {I}$$

{

n
1

,

n
2

,
…
,
}
∉
I

). The analogous characterization holds also for $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
-cluster points.
Geochemical Link Between Slag Inclusion and Hammerscale, a Potential New Tool to Better Understand the Iron Supply of an Archaeological Workshop
Authors: Rodier Jean , Serneels Vincent 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHammerscale is the waste formed during hammering of hot iron on the anvil. It is mainly composed of iron oxides (wüstite, magnetite, hematite) with a variable amount of silica-rich component. This research focuses on the potential geochemical link between hammerscale and smelting derived slag inclusion contained in the metallic iron. In the frame of previous research, the smithing practice of African Dogon craftsmen (Mali) has been recorded in details. Different samples were collected including, slag, hammerscale, metal. Two different groups of iron bars produced by different bloomery process and more than one hundred experimental pieces of hammerscale were chemically investigated in situ by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and by X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry (WD-XRF) in Fribourg / Switzerland. A small part of them was also analyzed by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in Orléans / France. The results show a strong contamination of the hammerscale by the working environment (flux, ashes, sand, etc.) impacting the concentrations of most of non-reducible elements, in particular the most abundant ones (Si, Al, K, Ca). However, several in situ analyses revealed abnormal high contents of Ti, Mn, Zr in contrast to the chemical composition of the forging environment. The concentrations of these elements are affected by contamination but the ratios, in this context, remain unchanged. TiO2/Zr ratios measured in slag inclusion are consistent with the ratios measured in hammerscale produced from the same iron type. Those results support that hammerscale could still carry the chemical signature of the smelting system and thus the geochemical fingerprint of the iron worked. Applying this methodology on archeological hammerscale would make it possible to assess the chemical diversity of worked irons and to provide information about the primary ore sources. Improving our current knowledge of the workshop iron supplies and therefore the circulation of iron in the past times.
Absorption-Dominant mmWave EMI Shielding Films with Ultralow Reflection using Ferromagnetic Resonance Frequency Tunable M-Type Ferrites
Authors: Lee Horim , Ryu Seung Han , Kwon Suk Jin , Choi Jae Ryung , Lee Sang-bok , Park Byeongjin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough there is a high demand for absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies, most current shielding materials are based on reflection-dominant conductive materials. While there are few absorption-dominant shielding materials proposed with magnetic materials, their working frequencies are usually limited to under 30 GHz. In this study, a novel multi-band absorption-dominant EMI shielding film with M-type strontium ferrites and a conductive grid is proposed. This film shows ultralow EMI reflection of less than 5% in multiple mmWave frequency bands with sub-millimeter thicknesses, while shielding more than 99.9% of EMI. The ultralow reflection frequency bands are controllable by tuning the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of M-type strontium ferrites and composite layer geometries. Two examples of shielding films with ultralow reflection frequencies, one for 39 and 52 GHz 5G telecommunication bands and the other for 60 and 77 GHz autonomous radar bands, are presented. The remarkably low reflectance and thinness of the proposed films provide an important advancement toward the commercialization of EMI shielding materials for 5G mmWave applications.
All-Solid-State Thin-Film Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Deng Renming , Ke Bingyuan , Xie Yonghui , Cheng Shoulin , Zhang Congcong , Zhang Hong , Lu Bingan , Wang Xinghui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLithium-sulfur (Li–S) system coupled with thin-film solid electrolyte as a novel high-energy micro-battery has enormous potential for complementing embedded energy harvesters to enable the autonomy of the Internet of Things microdevice. However, the volatility in high vacuum and intrinsic sluggish kinetics of S hinder researchers from empirically integrating it into all-solid-state thin-film batteries, leading to inexperience in fabricating all-solid-state thin-film Li–S batteries (TFLSBs). Herein, for the first time, TFLSBs have been successfully constructed by stacking vertical graphene nanosheets-Li2S (VGs-Li2S) composite thin-film cathode, lithium-phosphorous-oxynitride (LiPON) thin-film solid electrolyte, and Li metal anode. Fundamentally eliminating Li-polysulfide shuttle effect and maintaining a stable VGs-Li2S/LiPON interface upon prolonged cycles have been well identified by employing the solid-state Li–S system with an “unlimited Li” reservoir, which exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability with a capacity retention of 81% for 3,000 cycles, and an exceptional high temperature tolerance up to 60 °C. More impressively, VGs-Li2S-based TFLSBs with evaporated-Li thin-film anode also demonstrate outstanding cycling performance over 500 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.71%. Collectively, this study presents a new development strategy for secure and high-performance rechargeable all-solid-state thin-film batteries.
The indigenous knowledge system of Credo Mutwa: a pedagogical challenge in higher education in South Africa
Authors: Kgope Tebogo Victoria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the
vast indigenous knowledge system of the late Sanusi Credo Vusamazulu Mutwa as a critical and relevant pedagogy that can enhance the transformation agenda of an African university. It argues for the inclusion of Mutwa’s indigenous knowledge to form part of knowledge that will interface with other knowledges and be included in institutions of higher learning. It argues that the constant drives for an African university with an Africanised and decolonised curriculum must be entrenched by recognising indigenous knowledge holders as public intellectuals who can through social cohesion engage with scholars and students in higher education. It is a fact that indigenous wisdom remains a challenge and a contested terrain in higher education as it is observed that not only have institutions of higher learning admitted to the calls to decolonise, Africanise and indigenise the curriculum but these calls have been met with failures to recognise the intellectual emancipating knowledge systems of their very own African intellectuals. It is these tendencies that have led to the blindness of these spaces not to adequately recognise the canonical knowledge of Credo Mutwa, an indigenous knowledge system which innervates through various fields of studies.
Novel and flexible asymmetric supercapacitors based on NiCo2O4 nanosheets coated on Al and Cu tapes for wearable devices applications
Authors: Alshanableh Abdelelah , Albiss Borhan Aldeen , Aljawrneh Bashar , Alrousan Saja , Al-Othman Amani , Megdadi Hasan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe binary metal oxides show advantages in energy storage devices. Specifically, nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) materials showed promising pseudocapacitive properties, high electrical conductivity and large surface area by virtue of their effective porous structure. NiCo2O4nanosheets were hydrothermally grown in this work over flexible tapes of Aluminum (Al) and Copper (Cu). A nanosheets structure obtained of NiCo2O4as confirmed by SEM and AFM images. The measured thickness by 3D profilometer of NiCo2O4nanosheets based Al framework found to be 4.3 µm compared to 8.4 µm thick of film based-Cu framework. Asymmetric supercapacitor prepared from graphite and NiCo2O4electrodes separated by filter paper. Acidic aqueous electrolyte of H2SO4and basic aqueous electrolyte of KOH were employed to verify the cyclic activity and electrochemical reaction of asymmetric prepared supercapacitor devices. The basic KOH electrolyte shows a high stability and better charge transfer/ionic diffusion compared to the acidic H2SO4electrolyte in particular for NiCo2O4film-based Cu framework. The energy density and power density values were 0.9 W h kg−1and 66.45 W kg−1, respectively. The highest specific capacity (in F.g−1) = 10.09 coincides with NiCo2O4/Cu supercapacitor in the basic KOH electrolyte. The charge storage in the supercapacitor system of NiCo2O4and graphite can be ascribed in the form of Faradic charge transfer and capacitive non-faradic double layer, respectively.