bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A combination of machine‐learning and eDNA reveals the genetic signature of environmental change at the landscape levels
Authors: Keck François , Brantschen Jeanine , Altermatt Florian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe current advances of environmental DNA (eDNA) bring profound changes to ecological monitoring and provide unique insights on the biological diversity of ecosystems. The very nature of eDNA data is challenging yet also revolutionizing how biological monitoring information is analysed. In particular, new metrics and approaches should take full advantage of the extent and detail of molecular data produced by genetic methods. In this perspective, machine learning algorithms are particularly promising as they can capture complex relationships between the multiple environmental pressures and the diversity of biological communities. We investigated the potential of a new generation of biomonitoring tools that implement machine‐learning techniques to fully exploit eDNA datasets. We trained a machine learning model to discriminate between reference and impacted communities of freshwater macroinvertebrates and assessed its performances using a large eDNA dataset collected at 64 standard federal monitoring sites across Switzerland. We show that a model trained on eDNA is significantly better than a naive model and performs similarly to a model trained on traditional data. Our proof‐of‐concept shows that such a combination of eDNA and machine learning approaches has the potential to complement or even replace traditional environmental monitoring, and could be scaled along temporal or spatial dimensions.
Nikkomycin Z for the treatment of experimental sporotrichosis caused bySporothrix brasiliensis
Authors: Poester Vanice Rodrigues , Munhoz Lívia Silveira , Stevens David A. , Melo Aryse Martins , Trápaga Mariana Rodrigues , Flores Mariana Martins , Larwood David J. , Xavier Melissa Orzechowski 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSporotrichosis caused bySporothrix brasiliensisis a global emergent infectious disease. Due to the scarcity of therapeutic options for fungal diseases, new antifungals are urgently needed. Nikkomycin Z (NikZ) is a future option as an agent against dimorphic fungi. We evaluated NikZ monotherapy and in combination with itraconazole (ITZ; the conventional therapy) in the treatment of experimental sporotrichosis caused byS. brasiliensisin a murine model. Animals were subcutaneously infected, and treated orally for 30 days. The study groups were as follows control (untreated), ITZ group (50 mg/kg/day), and three groups treated with NikZ, two by monotherapy (200 or 400 mg/kg/day), and one combining NikZ (400 mg/kg/day) and ITZ. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated via body weight gain, mortality and fungal burden in tissues. Efficacy was noted in all treatment groups, and the group receiving the drug combination showed even better results than those with monotherapy. Our study shows for the first time the high potential of NikZ to be used in the treatment of sporotrichosis caused byS. brasiliensis.
Tale of cAMP as a second messenger in auxin signaling and beyond
Authors: Qi Linlin , Friml Jiří 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThe 3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a versatile second messenger in many mammalian signaling pathways. However, its role in plants remains not well‐recognized. Recent discovery of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity for transport inhibitor response 1/auxin‐signaling F‐box proteins (TIR1/AFB) auxin receptors and the demonstration of its importance for canonical auxin signaling put plant cAMP research back into spotlight. This insight briefly summarizes the well‐established cAMP signaling pathways in mammalian cells and describes the turbulent and controversial history of plant cAMP research highlighting the major progress and the unresolved points. We also briefly review the current paradigm of auxin signaling to provide a background for the discussion on the AC activity of TIR1/AFB auxin receptors and its potential role in transcriptional auxin signaling as well as impact of these discoveries on plant cAMP research in general.
ALMT‐independent guard cell R‐type anion currents
Authors: Jaślan Justyna , Marten Irene , Jakobson Liina , Arjus Triinu , Deeken Rosalia , Sarmiento Cecilia , De Angeli Alexis , Brosché Mikael , Kollist Hannes , Hedrich Rainer 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Plant transpiration is controlled by stomata, with S‐ and R‐type anion channels playing key roles in guard cell action. Arabidopsis mutants lacking the ALMT12/QUAC1 R‐type anion channel function in guard cells show only a partial reduction in R‐type channel currents. The molecular nature of these remaining R‐type anion currents is still unclear.
To further elucidate this, patch clamp, transcript and gas‐exchange measurements were performed with wild‐type (WT) and different almt mutant plants.
The R‐type current fraction in the almt12 mutant exhibited the same voltage dependence, susceptibility to ATP block and lacked a chloride permeability as the WT. Therefore, we asked whether the R‐type anion currents in the ALMT12/QUAC1‐free mutant are caused by additional ALMT isoforms. In WT guard cells, ALMT12, ALMT13 and ALMT14 transcripts were detected, whereas only ALMT13 was found expressed in the almt12 mutant. Substantial R‐type anion currents still remained active in the almt12/13 and almt12/14 double mutants as well as the almt12/13/14 triple mutant. In good agreement, CO2‐triggered stomatal closure required the activity of ALMT12 but not ALMT13 or ALMT14.
The results suggest that, with the exception of ALMT12, channel species other than ALMTs carry the guard cell R‐type anion currents.
Thermography captures the differential sensitivity of dryland functional types to changes in rainfall event timing and magnitude
Authors: Javadian Mostafa , Scott Russell L. , Biederman Joel A. , Zhang Fangyue , Fisher Joshua B. , Reed Sasha C. , Potts Daniel L. , Villarreal Miguel L. , Feldman Andrew F. , Smith William K. 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Drylands of the southwestern United States are rapidly warming, and rainfall is becoming less frequent and more intense, with major yet poorly understood implications for ecosystem structure and function. Thermography‐based estimates of plant temperature can be integrated with air temperature to infer changes in plant physiology and response to climate change. However, very few studies have evaluated plant temperature dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution in rainfall pulse‐driven dryland ecosystems.
We address this gap by incorporating high‐frequency thermal imaging into a field‐based precipitation manipulation experiment in a semi‐arid grassland to investigate the impacts of rainfall temporal repackaging.
All other factors held constant, we found that fewer/larger precipitation events led to cooler plant temperatures (1.4°C) compared to that of many/smaller precipitation events. Perennials, in particular, were 2.5°C cooler than annuals under the fewest/largest treatment.
We show these patterns were driven by: increased and consistent soil moisture availability in the deeper soil layers in the fewest/largest treatment; and deeper roots of perennials providing access to deeper plant available water. Our findings highlight the potential for high spatiotemporal resolution thermography to quantify the differential sensitivity of plant functional groups to soil water availability. Detecting these sensitivities is vital to understanding the ecohydrological implications of hydroclimate change.
How Stephen King writes and why: Language, immersion, emotion
Authors: Hye‐Knudsen Marc , Kristensen‐McLachlan Ross Deans , Clasen Mathias 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany successful novelists offer writing advice, but do they actually follow it themselves? And if so, can it truly account for the success of their novels? We dissect and examine three pieces of writing advice from Stephen King's bookOn Writing(2000).King counsels writers to (1) write in a simple language to aid readers' narrative immersion; (2) avoid‐lyadverbs, especially in dialogue attribution; and (3) avoid the passive voice. We examine these three pieces of advice both theoretically, reviewing them in light of what we know about how literature affects readers from such fields as literary linguistics and evolutionary literary studies, and empirically, using a computational linguistics approach to test whether King follows his own advice and whether it can explain his success as a novelist. We find that King's advice about simple language makes sense if an author's goal is to sell books while his advice against‐lyadverbs makes sense if the goal is instead literary recognition. For his advice against using the passive voice, we find no substantial theoretical or empirical basis.
Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis
Authors: Zhang Jianzheng , Zhang Licheng , Li Chunbao , Chai Wei , Zhang Lihai , Chen Hua , Zhang Wei , Hou Zhiyong , Chen Bin , Sun Tiansheng , Tang Peifu , Zhang Yingze 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundFragility fractures of the pelvis (FFPs) are osteoporotic pelvic fractures or insufficiency pelvic fractures caused by the low energy injury or stress fracture in daily livings in the elderly more than 60 years, which the incidence is increasing with the aging population in our country. FFPs result in considerable morbidity and mortality and as well as massive financial burden on the already strained health systems throughout the world.MethodsThis clinical guideline was initiated by the Trauma Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Orthopedic Association; the External Fixation and Limb Reconstruction Branch of Chinese Orthopedic Association; the National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation; Senior Department of Orthopedics of Chinese PLA general hospital; the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University. The grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach and the reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare (RIGHT) checklist were adopted.Results22 evidence based recommendations were formulated based on 22 most concerned clinical problems among orthopedic surgeons in China.ConclusionUnderstanding these trends through this guideline will facilitate better clinical care of FFP patients by medical providers and better allocation of resources by policy makers.
An Exciting Performance of Established and Novel Biomarkers in Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Single‐center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Song Zhenyu , Huang Jincheng , Wang Qingkai , Wang Donghui , Feng Jiawei , Cao Qianqian , Chen Xiao , Gao Zongyan , Dai Zhipeng , Jin Yi 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveSignificant progress has been made in recent years in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). However, the lack of a gold standard test for the diagnosis of PJI remains a challenge.The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic values of the albumin/fibrinogen ratio (AFR), the C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), and the levels of fibrinogen (FIB) and albumin (ALB) in the diagnosis of PJI.MethodsThe medical records of 158 patients who had undergone hip or knee revisions from January 2018 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Of these patients, 79 were diagnosed with PJI, while 79 were diagnosed with aseptic loosening (AL). PJI was defined using the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria. The plasma levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), ALB, and FIB; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); and the AFR and CAR in the two groups were recorded and analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of each indicator; the diagnostic value for each indicator was calculated as the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsThe ESR, CRP, FIB, and CAR values in the PJI group were significantly higher than those in the AL group, and the ALB and AFR values were significantly lower than those in the AL group (p < 0.001). The AUC values of AFR and fibrinogen were 0.851 and 0.848, respectively, which were slightly higher than those of CRP (0.826) and ESR (0.846). The AUC of CAR was 0.831 which was slightly lower than that of CRP (0.846). ALB had an AUC of 0.727. The optimal threshold, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively, were 10.05, 84.81%, and 82.28% for AFR; 4.03 μg/mL, 77.22%, and 86.08% for FIB; 0.23, 72.15%, and 82.28% for CAR; and 37.30 g/L, 65.82%, and 73.42% for ALB.ConclusionsAFR, CAR, and FIB are good new auxiliary diagnostic indicators of PJI, while ALB is of fair value for the diagnosis of PJI.
An investigation of vascular anomalies centers' transition of care practices
Authors: Kinariwalla Neha , Scollan Margaret E. , Levin Laura E. , Fernandez Faith Esteban , Lee Margaret T. , Powell Julie , Baselga Eulàlia , Tollefson Megha M. , Lauren Christine T. , Morel Kimberly D. , Garzon Maria C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aims to examine transition of care (TOC) practices of multidisciplinary vascular anomalies centers (VACs). Thirty‐seven of 71 VAC leaders to whom the survey was sent completed the questionnaire. TOC and transfer practices varied with only 16% of VACs having TOC programs. The most frequently cited barriers to developing a TOC program were lack of resources and difficulty finding expert adult providers.
Affiliation‐based hiring in startups and the origins of organizational diversity
Authors: Brymer Rhett Andrew , Rocha Vera 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultiple imperatives call for more diversity in organizations, yet we know surprisingly little about why some organizations become more diverse than others. We focus on the early stages of organizations—the composition of founding teams (FTs) and the evolution of subsequent hiring practices, namely the prominence of finding new employees via founders’ prior employer and educational affiliations. Drawing upon theories of entrepreneurial resource mobilization and attraction–selection–attrition (ASA), we argue that FTs with common professional ties imprint post‐founding hiring routines by making affiliation‐based hiring (ABH) a more prominent practice to select new personnel. We posit that, although ABH fades quickly after founding, using this hiring strategy in the early stages of an organization shapes its trajectory for diversity and contributes to workforce homogenization in several dimensions as new firms mature. Using a mixed‐methods approach combining large‐scale employer–employee linked data from Denmark and in‐depth surveys with founders from the US and UK, we find robust support for our theory and provide novel insights to the hiring processes in entrepreneurial firms. Our work advances our understanding of the enigmatic origins of within‐organization homogeneity progression and offers important contributions to both theory and practice.
Mechanistic photophysics of tellurium‐substituted cytosine: Electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations1
Authors: Chang Xue‐Ping , Wang Jie‐Lei , Peng Ling‐Ya , Cen Xu‐Jiang , Yin Bo‐Wen , Xie Bin‐Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPreviously, the MS‐CASPT2 method was performed to study the static and qualitative photophysics of tellurium‐substituted cytosine (TeC). To get quantitative information, we used our recently developed QTMF‐FSSH dynamics method to simulate the excited‐state decay of TeC. The CASSCF method was adopted to reduce the calculation costs, which was confirmed to provide reliable structures and energies as those of MS‐CASPT2. A detailed structural analysis showed that only 5% trajectories will hop to the lower triplet or singlet state via the twisted (S2/S1/T2)T intersection, while 67% trajectories will choose the planar intersections of (S2/S1/T3/T2/T1)P and (S2/S1/T2/T1)P but subsequently become twisted in other electronic states. By contrast, ~28% trajectories will maintain in a plane throughout dynamics. Electronic population revealed that the S2 population will ultrafast transfer to the lower triplet or singlet state. Later, the TeC system will populate in the spin‐mixed electronic states composed of S1, T1 and T2. At the end of 300 fs, most trajectories (~74%) will decay to the ground state and only 17.4% will survive in the triplet states. Our dynamics simulation verified that tellurium substitution will enhance the intersystem crossings, but the very short triplet lifetime (ca. 125 fs) will make TeC a less effective photosensitizer.
The framework of parametric and nonparametric operational data analytics
Authors: Feng Qi , Shanthikumar J. George 
Published: July 2023

This paper introduces the general philosophy of the Operational Data Analytics (ODA) framework for data‐based decision modeling. The fundamental development of this framework lies in establishing the direct mapping from data to decision by identifying the appropriate class of operational statistics. The efficient decision making relies on a careful balance between data integration and decision validation. Through a canonical decision making problem under uncertainty, we show that the existing approaches (including statistical estimation and then optimization, retrospective optimization, sample average approximation, regularization, robust optimization, and robust satisficing) can all be unified through the lens of the ODA formulation. To make the key concepts accessible, we demonstrate, using a simple running example, how some of the existing approaches may become equivalent under the ODA framework, and how the ODA solution can improve the decision efficiency, especially in the small sample regime.
Input material reduction incentives versus scrap recycling for closed‐loop supply chains
Authors: Aydinliyim Tolga , Çil Eren B. , Murthy Nagesh N. 
Published: July 2023

Motivated by interactions with a major player in the aerospace industry, we consider the relationship between a supplier of specialty material forgings and a buyer that manufactures airplane components by extensively machining down these forgings as per component design specifications. Due to high material removal costs, the buyer prefers these forgings to be as similar in geometry and size to the component as possible, that is, near‐net‐shape. The supplier, by default, is unable to deliver such near‐net‐shape forgings as per technological constraints, but can utilize costly effort and/or invest in the required technologies to achieve such capabilities. By taking into account uncertainty regarding the correspondence between supplier's effort and resulting forging size, we assess the implications of two innovative approaches for improving supply chain performance: (i) input material reduction incentives via contracting and (ii) scrap material recycling. We characterize the optimal decisions with respect to final component geometry, various costs, and which party in the supply chain controls the strategic recycling decision. We find that the supply chain should utilize both approaches in a complementary way for components with complex geometry, yet deliberately limit recycling and eliminate contracting for components with simple geometry—a strategy the buyer always implements when controlling the recycling decision. Furthermore, we show these contracting and recycling strategies to be robust by considering linear, expected cost sharing, and nonlinear contract alternatives. Finally, we study supply chain inefficiencies that result from decentralizing the recycling and/or contracting decisions, and highlight whether expected cost sharing and nonlinear contracts can outperform linear contracts.
Complications and treatment errors related to regenerative periodontal surgery
Authors: Jepsen Karin , Sculean Anton , Jepsen Søren 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRegenerative periodontal surgical procedures are an important component in the treatment of advanced periodontitis. They aim to improve the long‐term prognosis of teeth that are periodontally compromised by the presence of intrabony and/or furcation defects, resulting biologically in formation of root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone and evidenced clinically by reduction of deep pockets to maintainable probing depths and/or improvements of vertical and horizontal furcation depth. Over the last 25 years, substantial clinical evidence has been accumulated to support the value of regenerative procedures in periodontally compromised dentitions. However, treatment success requires close attention to certain factors on the level of the patient, the tooth/defect, and the operator. Ignoring these factors in case selection, treatment planning, and treatment execution will increase the risk of complications that may jeopardize clinical success and may even be considered as treatment errors. Based on the currently available evidence from clinical practice guidelines, treatment algorithms, and on expert opinion, the present article provides an overview on the main factors, which influence the outcomes of regenerative periodontal surgery and gives recommendations on how to prevent complications and treatment errors.
Effects of sodium and potassium concentrations on dolomite formation rate, stoichiometry and crystallographic characteristics
Authors: Hashim Mohammed S. , Rose Katharine G. , Cohen Hanna F. , Kaczmarek Stephen E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study uses high temperature (215°C) dolomitization experiments to explore the effects of sodium (Na) and potassium (K), two common constituents of natural fluids, on dolomite formation rate, stoichiometry and crystallographic characteristics. In these experiments, aragonite ooids were dolomitized in Mg–Ca–Cl solutions with either no additional salt, or in solutions containing NaCl or KCl at different concentrations. Results show that Na solutions, and to a lesser extent K solutions, correlate with faster reaction rates and that Na at hypersaline fluid concentrations produces dolomites with higher stoichiometry, higher micro‐strain and lower cation ordering. Potassium has a different effect on the dolomite than Na at similar concentrations. Unlike Na, K does not cause micro‐strain but leads to dolomite with smaller unit cell parameters. It is proposed that Na and K catalyse dolomite precipitation and increase stoichiometry by weakening Mg hydration bonds which consequently facilitates Mg incorporation into dolomite. The decrease in dolomite cation ordering at higher Na concentrations may stem from the incorporation of Na into dolomite which strains the crystal lattice and reduces cation order. On the basis that high‐temperature experiments are applicable to natural dolomites, several implications pertinent to natural dolomites are drawn from the results. Firstly, the data suggest that the higher concentrations of Na and K in evaporative fluids (i.e. higher salinity) can explain why dolomite is generally more abundant and more stoichiometric in evaporative settings. Secondly, the results challenge a key prediction of the mixing zone dolomitization model by showing that higher Na and K concentrations increase, rather than decrease, both dolomitization rate and stoichiometry. Thirdly, the observed decrease in dolomite cation ordering with increasing Na and K concentrations implies that evaporative fluids would produce less stable dolomite that may be more prone to subsequent recrystallization and thus resetting of primary geochemical signatures.