bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buchholzia coriacea Leaves Attenuated Dyslipidemia and Oxidative Stress in Hyperlipidemic Rats and Its Potential Targets In Silico
Authors: Uti Daniel E. , Ibiam Udu A. , Omang Wilson A. , Udeozor Precious A. , Umoru Grace U. , Nwadum Solomon K. , Bawa Inalegwu , Alum Esther U. , Mordi Joseph C. , Okoro Edith O. , Obeten Uket Nta , Onwe Eucharia N. , Zakari Suleiman , Opotu Ohunene Rukayat , Aja Patrick M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate how the solvent extract of Buchholzia coriacea (BCE), a widely known hypolipidemic agent, could contribute to hyperlipidemia treatment and identify the potential bioactive compounds. We studied Wistar albino rats, dividing them into seven groups: the normal control, normal rats treated with 400 mg/kg.b.wt of BCE (NRG group), the hyperlipidemic control (HPC group), hyperlipidemic rats treated with atorvastatin, a standard control drug (SC group), as well as 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg.b.wt of BCE extract respectively (T1, T2, T3 groups). The potential compounds that functioned in BCE extract were analyzed by in silico binding to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). The binding affinities and drug-like properties of the compounds were determined using virtual screening and absorption distribution metabolism excretion and toxicity prediction analysis. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, and 44 chemical compounds in the leaf extract of BCE. BCE significantly reduced the levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, atherogenic coefficient, atherogenic index, and coronary risk index, while enhancing the levels of high-density lipoprotein and cardioprotective index in comparison to the HPC group. The BCE reduced malondialdehyde quantities, which exhibit high levels in HPC. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities as well as glutathione levels, which are otherwise reduced in HPC, were increased upon the BCE treatment. Among the identified BCE compounds, lupenone and 2,7-dimethylnaphthalene exhibited the highest binding affinities to ACC and FASN, suggesting that these two compounds might be the bioactive BCE components displaying hypolipidemic properties. BCE is found to be beneficial in blocking hyperlipidemia through the modulation of lipid profile, the protection of cardiovascular function, as well as the suppression of oxidative stress. BCE may be a natural source for exploring novel drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
Magnetron sputtering system for depositing boron carbide film use as neutron detection
Authors: Zhu Jingtao , Liu Yang , Zhu Hangyu , Zhou Jianrong , Zhou Xiaojuan , Zhu Jie , Zhu Lin , Sun Zhijia , Chen Yuanbo , Cui Mingqi , Zhu Yunping , Jin Changli 
Published: September 2023

Boron carbide (B4C) films used as neutron conversion layers were investigated in this paper to replace the traditional 3He detectors due to their shortage. A magnetron sputtering system was developed for depositing large-size B4C films with the 1500 × 400 mm2 uniform-area. B4C films at the micron scale were deposited on aluminum (Al), float glass (SiO2), and silicon (Si) substrates with an inserting adhesion layer. The key characteristics, including surface morphology, thickness nonuniformity, purity, and neutron efficiency of B4C films, were characterized using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and neutron radiation metrology. The experimental results indicate that the deposition thickness nonuniformity across a 1500 × 400 mm2 area was better than ±3%. The stoichiometric ratio of boron atoms and carbon atoms (B/C) is 5.18, with 6 at. % O and 0.79 at. % N concentrations. The measured neutron detection efficiency of a 3 µm 10B4C film for 25 meV neutrons was 3.3 ± 0.3(sys)%, which is close to the simulated results (3.4%). The results show that the B4C neutron conversion layer is a promising substitute for 3He for neutron detection in the future.
Multi-hole coupling power monitor with tapered sub-waveguide for dual-frequency high-power gyrotron
Authors: Yanai R. , Takeuchi T. , Mizuno Y. , Yoshimura Y. , Nishiura M. , Igami H. , Takahashi H. , Tsujimura T. Ii , Kenmochi N. 
Published: September 2023

In magnetically confined fusion plasmas, a gyrotron is an essential auxiliary heating device for generating and sustaining plasma through electron cyclotron resonance heating owing to its ability to generate high-power microwaves. Microwaves emitted from a gyrotron are often transmitted through waveguides, and the transmitted power is monitored by a power monitor with a multi-hole directional coupler at the miter bend of the transmission line. Recently, a high-power dual-frequency gyrotron has been installed and operated in the Large Helical Device. A power monitor with good sensitivity to multiple frequencies is required to monitor the power transmission of the different frequencies at the same transmission line. In order to realize the power monitor, which can couple with the multiple-frequency microwaves, we focused on a sub-waveguide shape in the power monitor and investigated the influence of the tapered sub-waveguide by conducting electromagnetic simulations using a simple model. We also performed the high-power test using a power monitor with a tapered sub-waveguide. The experimental result was different from the simulation, but enough receiving power was obtained at both 116 and 154 GHz.
Neolucia bollami Eastwood, Braby & Graham, sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): speciation of a new allochronic cryptic butterfly from south-western Western Australia
Authors: Eastwood Rodney G. , Braby Michael F. , Williams Matthew R. 
Published: September 2023

South-western Western Australia is a global biodiversity hotspot renowned for exceptional diversity of plants and animals. The evolutionary processes that have generated this high biodiversity are not always clear, particularly for invertebrates, yet the area supports a very large number of endemic species that have diversified in situ. We use an integrative taxonomic approach based on adult and immature morphology, ecology, behaviour and molecular data to investigate the taxonomic status of a sympatric but seasonally isolated form (Neolucia agricola occidens Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914 form ‘Julimar’) of the polyommatine butterfly Neolucia agricola (Westwood, 1851) in south-western Western Australia. Our molecular dataset comprised 112 samples representing all Neolucia Waterhouse & Turner, 1905 species (100 COI 5′ sequences, 658 bp, plus 12 COI 3′, tRNA Leu, COII and EF1-α sequences, 3303 bp). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the combined dataset recovered form ‘Julimar’ and N. agricola as reciprocally monophyletic, with a mean uncorrected ‘p’ pairwise divergence of 5.77% for the ‘barcode’ region of COI. Based on this and other evidence we recognise form ‘Julimar’ as a new species, Neolucia bollami Eastwood, Braby & Graham, sp. nov., sister to N. agricola and endemic to south-western Western Australia. As a result of these findings, we evaluated the evolutionary history of the two Neolucia species in WA and the processes that may have contributed to the diversification in sympatry or allopatry. We conclude that the multiple effect traits associated with a host shift, including host fidelity and temporal divergence, played an important role in the diversification process and in maintaining the reproductive integrity of the nascent allochronic species. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:53D9AD14-9694-4B5E-889C-A8D533E7F57D
Exploring mass–energy equivalence with consideration of quantum nature
Authors: Baek Jongheon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Mass–energy equivalence (MEE) has become a basis of modern physics. In spite of the current educational trends highlighting modern physics education, it has been pointed out that interpretations of MEE are still not in general agreement. In addition, the derivations of MEE found in textbooks gloss over some logical oversights. MEE is often introduced with only a declarative knowledge that mc
2 represents the rest energy of a particle, making the learning process difficult for students. To resolve the instructional challenges, distinguished papers on MEE are analyzed. By specifying common features of derivations in each paper, it is found that there are at least three types of MEE. By identifying the entire hierarchical structure of each one, a type of MEE is suggested that can potentially be useful in the establishment of the connection between the particle and field.
Linear and nonlinear spin current response of anisotropic spin-orbit coupled systems
Authors: Muñoz-Santana D , Maytorena Jesús A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We calculate the linear and the second harmonic (SH) spin current response of two anisotropic systems with spin–orbit (SO) interaction. General expressions of wide applicability for the these response functions are first derived for a generic two-band Hamiltonian. The first system is a two-dimensional (2D) electron gas in the presence of Rashba and k-linear Dresselhaus SO couplings. The calculations show how narrow or wide the response spectra can be, what is their overall shape and size, and frequency shiftings, depending on which crystal orientation is selected. The quantitative knowing of this makes possible a comparative study for several orientations, which would allow to select a spectrum with particular characteristic. We find that vanishing linear and second order response tensors are achievable under SU(2) symmetry conditions, characterized by a collinear SO vector field. Additional conditions under which specific tensor components vanish are possible, without having such collinearity. Thus, a proper choice of the growth direction and SO strengths allows to select the polarization of the linear and SH spin currents according to the direction of flowing. The second system is an anisotropic 2D free electron gas with anisotropic Rashba interaction, which has been employed to study the optical conductivity of 2D puckered structures with anisotropic energy bands. The presence of mass anisotropy and an energy gap open several distinct scenarios for the allowed optical interband transitions, which manifest in the linear and SH response contrastingly. The linear response displays only out-of-plane spin polarized currents, while the SH spin currents flow with spin orientation lying parallel to the plane of the system strictly. The models illustrate the possibility of the nonlinear spin Hall effect in systems with SO interaction, under the presence or absence of time-reversal symmetry. The results suggest different ways to manipulate the linear and nonlinear optical generation of spin currents which could find spintronic applications.
Growing patterns
Authors: Goh Ryan , Scheel Arnd 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pattern forming systems allow for a wealth of states, where wavelengths and orientation of patterns varies and defects disrupt patches of monocrystalline regions. Growth of patterns has long been recognized as a strong selection mechanism. We present here recent and new results on the selection of patterns in situations where the pattern-forming region expands in time. The wealth of phenomena is roughly organised in bifurcation diagrams that depict wavenumbers of selected crystalline states as functions of growth rates. We show how a broad set of mathematical and numerical tools can help shed light into the complexity of this selection process.
Breakdown development in a nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge in humid air in plane-to-plane geometry
Authors: Ambrico Paolo F , Aceto Domenico , Ibba Lorenzo , Yang Xin , Dilecce Giorgio , Ambrico Marianna , Furno Ivo , Adamovich Igor V 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We used the ns electric field induced second harmonic (EFISH) generation diagnostic to measure the electric field evolution in a 200 ns pulse, dielectric barrier, plane-to-plane discharge in humid air, on the time scale shorter than the laser pulse duration. Plasma imaging by an ICCD camera detected a uniform evolution of the discharge emission during the breakdown. Spectroscopic measurements tracked the N2 second positive and first negative systems to infer the reduced electric field (E/N) evolution. EFISH measurements showed the electric field persistent during the entire HV pulse, with the residual field between pulses and the field inversion at the start and end of the HV pulse. The experimental data are consistent with the simulations, with the electron attachment and negative ion kinetics incorporated. The modeling predictions indicate that the rapid electron density decay due to attachment and recombination is the dominant factor sustaining the electric field in the plasma after breakdown. Spectroscopic E/N determination showed the time evolution at variance with the EFISH measurements, which may be due to the electron attachment and non-locality of the EEDF. Possible explanations are discussed.
The Galactic Center as a laboratory for theories of gravity and dark matter
Authors: De Laurentis Mariafelicia , de Martino Ivan , Della Monica Riccardo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Galactic Center (GC) of the Milky Way, thanks to its proximity, allows to perform astronomical observations that investigate physical phenomena at the edge of astrophysics and fundamental physics. As such, it offers a unique laboratory to probe gravity, where one can not only test the basic predictions of general relativity (GR), but is also able to falsify theories that, over time, have been proposed to modify or extend GR; to test different paradigms of dark matter; and to place constraints on putative models that have been formulated as alternatives to the standard black hole paradigm in GR. In this review we provide a general overview of the history of observations of the GC, emphasizing the importance, in particular on the smallest-observable scales, that they had in opening a new avenue to improve our understanding of the underlying theory of gravity in the surrounding of a supermassive compact object.
Fast dynamic 1D simulation of divertor plasmas with neural PDE surrogates
Authors: Poels Yoeri , Derks Gijs , Westerhof Egbert , Minartz Koen , Wiesen Sven , Menkovski Vlado 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Managing divertor plasmas is crucial for operating reactor scale tokamak devices due to heat and particle flux constraints on the divertor target. Simulation is an important tool to understand and control these plasmas, however, for real-time applications or exhaustive parameter scans only simple approximations are currently fast enough. We address this lack of fast simulators using neural partial differential equation (PDE) surrogates, data-driven neural network-based surrogate models trained using solutions generated with a classical numerical method. The surrogate approximates a time-stepping operator that evolves the full spatial solution of a reference physics-based model over time. We use DIV1D, a 1D dynamic model of the divertor plasma, as reference model to generate data. DIV1D’s domain covers a 1D heat flux tube from the X-point (upstream) to the target. We simulate a realistic TCV divertor plasma with dynamics induced by upstream density ramps and provide an exploratory outlook towards fast transients. State-of-the-art neural PDE surrogates are evaluated in a common framework and extended for properties of the DIV1D data. We evaluate (1) the speed-accuracy trade-off; (2) recreating non-linear behavior; (3) data efficiency; and (4) parameter inter- and extrapolation. Once trained, neural PDE surrogates can faithfully approximate DIV1D’s divertor plasma dynamics at sub real-time computation speeds: In the proposed configuration,

2

ms of plasma dynamics can be computed in

≈

0.63

ms of wall-clock time, several orders of magnitude faster than DIV1D.
Phase shifting to measure the modal composition of the scattered helical beam
Authors: Sarkar Tushar , Yadav Amit , Karmakar, Tanushree , Singh Rakesh Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a non-interferometric and highly stable technique to recover the incident orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes from the randomly scattered coherent light. To implement and demonstrate this technique, a non-separable state is generated by encoding spiral and non-spiral modes into the orthogonal polarization bases prior to propagation through a random scattering media. Recovery of the complex OAM mode of the incident light becomes possible by quantitatively measuring the complex Fourier coefficients from the polarization correlation of the random light field along with the three-step phase-shifting method. A detailed theoretical basis of the proposed method is presented and verified by numerical simulation and experimental tests.
An optimized HEK293T cell expansion protocol using a hollow-fiber bioreactor system
Authors: Frank Nathan D , Miller Mindy , Sethi Dalip 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Viral vectors are commonly used to introduce genetic material into cells to modify cell function for a variety of purposes. Manufacture of those modified viruses may use a variety of cell types to generate high titers of viral particles; one of the most common being HEK293 cells. These cells have been modified into different lines aimed at satisfying specific use cases. HEK293T cells, for example, have been modified to include the SV40 large T antigen. Efficient viral particle production by HEK293T cells requires the maintenance of favorable cell culture conditions during expansion and transfection. This protocol describes the use of the Quantum® hollow-fiber bioreactor (HFB) system for the automated expansion of HEK293T cells, and the results derived using the protocol described herein were not compared with those from tissue culture flasks or other expansion platforms, as the parameters described are unique to Quantum’s hollow fiber cell expansion environment. The purpose of this protocol is to help users of Quantum to focus on relevant parameters of expansion in the HFB milieu and to provide guidelines for a successful expansion of HEK293T cells in the Quantum system. The steps provided have been optimized to reliably control environmental factors related to glucose, lactate, and pH. Data reflecting this consistency are provided along with procedural time points reflected in text and figure formats.
Short anagen hair syndrome: association with mono- and biallelic variants in WNT10A and a genetic overlap with male pattern hair loss
Authors: Cesarato Nicole , Schwieger-Briel Agnes , Gossmann Yasmina , Henne Sabrina K , Hillmann Kathrin , Frommherz Leonie H , Wehner Maria , Xiong Xing , Thiele Holger , Oji Vinzenz , Milani Donatella , Tantcheva-Poor Iliana , Giehl Kathrin , Fölster-Holst Regina , Teichler Anne , Braeckmans Delphine , Hoeger Peter H , Jones Gabriela , Frank Jorge , Weibel Lisa , Blume-Peytavi Ulrike , Hamm Henning , Nöthen Markus M , Geyer Matthias , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Basmanav F Buket , Betz Regina C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Short anagen hair (SAH) is a rare paediatric hair disorder characterized by a short anagen phase, an inability to grow long scalp hair and a negative psychological impact. The genetic basis of SAH is currently unknown.

Objectives
To perform molecular genetic investigations in 48 individuals with a clinical phenotype suggestive of SAH to identify, if any, the genetic basis of this condition.

Methods
Exome sequencing was performed in 27 patients diagnosed with SAH or with a complaint of short, nongrowing hair. The cohort was screened for variants with a minor allele frequency (MAF) &lt; 5% in the general population and a Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) score &gt; 15, to identify genes whose variants were enriched in this cohort. Sanger sequencing was used for variant validation and screening of 21 additional individuals with the same clinical diagnosis and their relatives. Genetic association testing of SAH-related variants for male pattern hair loss (MPHL) was performed using UK Biobank data.

Results
Analyses revealed that 20 individuals (42%) carried mono- or biallelic pathogenic variants in WNT10A. Rare WNT10A variants are associated with a phenotypic spectrum ranging from no clinical signs to severe ectodermal dysplasia. A significant association was found between WNT10A and SAH, and this was mostly observed in individuals with light-coloured hair and regression of the frontoparietal hairline. Notably, the most frequent variant in the cohort [c.682T&gt;A;p.(Phe228Ile)] was in linkage disequilibrium with four common WNT10A variants, all of which have a known association with MPHL. Using UK Biobank data, our analyses showed that c.682T&gt;A;p.(Phe228Ile) and one other variant identified in the SAH cohort are also associated with MPHL, and partially explain the known associations between WNT10A and MPHL.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that WNT10A is associated with SAH and that SAH has a genetic overlap with the common phenotype MPHL. The presumed shared biologic effect of WNT10A variants in SAH and MPHL is a shortening of the anagen phase. Other factors, such as modifier genes and sex, may also play a role in the clinical manifestation of hair phenotypes associated with the WNT10A locus.
Retrospective pharmacogenetic study of psoriasis highlights the role of KLK7 in tumour necrosis factor signalling
Authors: Zhang Haihan , Patrick Matthew T , Tejasvi Trilokraj , Sarkar Mrinal K , Wasikowski Rachael , Stuart Philip E , Li Qinmengge , Xing Xianying , Voorhees John J , Ward Nicole L , He Kevin , Zhou Xiang , Gudjonsson Johann E , Nair Rajan P , Elder James T , Tsoi Lam C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Multiple treatment options are available for the management of psoriasis, but clinical response varies among individual patients and no biomarkers are available to facilitate treatment selection for improved patient outcomes.

Objectives
To utilize retrospective data to conduct a pharmacogenetic study to explore the potential genetic pathways associated with drug response in the treatment of psoriasis.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective pharmacogenetic study using self-evaluated treatment response from 1942 genotyped patients with psoriasis. We examined 6 502 658 genetic markers to model their associations with response to six treatment options using linear regression, adjusting for cohort variables and demographic features. We further utilized an integrative approach incorporating epigenomics, transcriptomics and a longitudinal clinical cohort to provide biological implications for the topmost signals associated with drug response.

Results
Two novel markers were revealed to be associated with treatment response: rs1991820 (P = 1.30 × 10–6) for anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) biologics; and rs62264137 (P = 2.94 × 10–6) for methotrexate, which was also associated with cutaneous mRNA expression levels of two known psoriasis-related genes KLK7 (P = 1.0 × 10–12) and CD200 (P = 5.4 × 10–6). We demonstrated that KLK7 expression was increased in the psoriatic epidermis, as shown by immunohistochemistry, as well as single-cell RNA sequencing, and its responsiveness to anti-TNF treatment was highlighted. By inhibiting the expression of KLK7, we further illustrated that keratinocytes have decreased proinflammatory responses to TNF.

Conclusions
Our study implicates the genetic regulation of cytokine responses in predicting clinical drug response and supports the association between pharmacogenetic loci and anti-TNF response, as shown here for KLK7.