bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational comparison of anterior lumbar interbody fusion and oblique lumbar interbody fusion with various supplementary fixation systems: a finite element analysis
Authors: Ouyang Pengrong , Tan Qinghua , He Xijing , Zhao Bo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background and objective
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) have shown a great surgical potential, while it has always been controversial which surgical approach and which type of fixation system should be selected. This study investigated the biomechanical response of ALIF and OLIF with various supplementary fixation systems using the finite element method.

Materials and methods
Lumbar L4–L5 ALIF and OLIF models stabilized by different supplementary fixation systems (stand-alone cage, integrated stand-alone cage, anterior plate, and bilateral pedicle screw) were developed to assess the segmental range of motion (ROM), endplate stress (EPS), and screw-bone interface stress (SBIS).

Experimental results
ALIF showed lower ROM and EPS than OLIF in all motion planes and less SBIS in the most of motion planes compared with OLIF when the anterior plate or pedicle screw was used. ALIF induced higher ROM, while lower EPS and SBIS than OLIF in the majority of motion planes when integrated stand-alone cage was utilized. Using a stand-alone cage in ALIF and OLIF led to cage migration. Integrated stand-alone cage prevented the cage migration, whereas caused significantly larger ROM, EPS, and SBIS than other fixation systems except for the rotation plane. In the most of motion planes, the pedicle screw had the lowest ROM, EPS, and SBIS. The anterior plate induced a slightly larger ROM, EPS, and SBIS than the pedicle screw, while the differences were not significant.

Conclusion
ALIF exhibited a better performance in postoperative segmental stability, endplate stress, and screw-bone interface stress than OLIF when the anterior plate or the pedicle screw was used. The pedicle screw could provide the greatest postoperative segmental stability, less cage subsidence incidence, and lower risk of fixation system loosening in ALIF and OLIF. The anterior plate could also contribute to the stability required and fewer complications, while not as effectively as the pedicle screw. Extreme caution should be regarded when the stand-alone cage is used due to the risk of cage migration. The integrated stand-alone cage may be an alternative method; however, further optimization is needed to reduce complications and improve postoperative segmental stability.
Biomechanical comparison of different screw-included angles in crossing screw fixation for transverse patellar fracture in level walking: a quasi-dynamic finite element study
Authors: Chang Chih-Wei , Chen Yen-Nien , Chang Hung-Chih , Li Chun-Ting 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
A minimally invasive technique with various screw configurations without open surgery is currently used for the fixation of transverse patellar fractures. Percutaneous crossing screw configuration has been reported to have a good bone union rate in patellar fractures. However, the difference in mechanical stability of the fractured patella between different screw-included angles has not been fully investigated. Hence, this study aims to compare the mechanical stability of parallel and crossing screw fixations with different screw-included angles for the fixation of transverse patellar fractures during level walking.

Methods
A finite element knee model containing a patella with a transverse fracture is created. Two headless compression screws with different angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) are used to fix the fracture. The loading conditions of the knee joint during level walking are used to compare the stability of the fractured patella with different fixation screw configurations.

Results
The results indicate that the maximum fracture gap opening distance increased with an increase in the included angle. Two parallel screws yield the smallest gap distance among all screw configurations. The maximum gap opening distances at the anterior leading edge of the fractured patella with two parallel screws and two screws having an included angle of 90° are 0.73 mm and 1.31 mm, respectively, at 15% walking cycle.

Conclusions
Based on these results, the superior performance of two parallel screws over crossing screw fixations in the fixation of transverse patellar fractures is established. Furthermore, the smaller the angle between the crossing screws, the better is the stability of the fractured patella.
Effects of Qingda granule on patients with grade 1 hypertension at low-medium risk: study protocol for a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Long Lin-zi , Chu Jian-feng , Qu Hua , Yang Qiao-ning , Lu Yan , Fu Chang-geng , Peng Jun , Chen Ke-ji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Numerous pre-clinical studies showed that Qingda granule (QDG) was effective in treating hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of QDG in reducing blood pressure among patients with grade 1 hypertension at low-medium risk.

Methods
The study is designed as a randomized, multi-center, double-blinded, non-inferiority clinical trial. Five hundred fifty-two patients with grade 1 hypertension at low-medium risk from 13 hospitals will be recruited and randomly assigned to the QDG group (n = 276, treated with valsartan capsule simulation agent and QDG) or control group (n = 276, treated with valsartan capsule and QDG simulation agent). The treatment period will be 4 weeks and the follow-up period will last 4 weeks after treatment. Primary outcome will be a decreased value of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after treatment. And second outcome will include the decreased value of diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure at the end of follow-up, the percentage of participants achieving normal blood pressure at the end of treatment and follow-up, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and TCM syndrome scores at the end of treatment and follow-up, and levels of hypertensive hormones at end of treatment and follow-up.

Discussion
This study will provide initial evidence regarding the clinical efficacy and safety of QDG in treating grade 1 hypertension at low-medium risk.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000033890. Registered on 15 June 2020.
Human biting mosquitoes and implications for West Nile virus transmission
Authors: Uelmen Johnny A. , Lamcyzk Bennett , Irwin Patrick , Bartlett Dan , Stone Chris , Mackay Andrew , Arsenault-Benoit Arielle , Ryan Sadie J. , Mutebi John-Paul , Hamer Gabriel L. , Fritz Megan , Smith Rebecca L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
West Nile virus (WNV), primarily vectored by mosquitoes of the genus Culex, is the most important mosquito-borne pathogen in North America, having infected thousands of humans and countless wildlife since its arrival in the USA in 1999. In locations with dedicated mosquito control programs, surveillance methods often rely on frequent testing of mosquitoes collected in a network of gravid traps (GTs) and CO2-baited light traps (LTs). Traps specifically targeting oviposition-seeking (e.g. GTs) and host-seeking (e.g. LTs) mosquitoes are vulnerable to trap bias, and captured specimens are often damaged, making morphological identification difficult.

Methods
This study leverages an alternative mosquito collection method, the human landing catch (HLC), as a means to compare sampling of potential WNV vectors to traditional trapping methods. Human collectors exposed one limb for 15 min at crepuscular periods (5:00–8:30 am and 6:00–9:30 pm daily, the time when Culex species are most actively host-seeking) at each of 55 study sites in suburban Chicago, Illinois, for two summers (2018 and 2019).

Results
A total of 223 human-seeking mosquitoes were caught by HLC, of which 46 (20.6%) were mosquitoes of genus Culex. Of these 46 collected Culex specimens, 34 (73.9%) were Cx. salinarius, a potential WNV vector species not thought to be highly abundant in upper Midwest USA. Per trapping effort, GTs and LTs collected > 7.5-fold the number of individual Culex specimens than HLC efforts.

Conclusions
The less commonly used HLC method provides important insight into the complement of human-biting mosquitoes in a region with consistent WNV epidemics. This study underscores the value of the HLC collection method as a complementary tool for surveillance to aid in WNV vector species characterization. However, given the added risk to the collector, novel mitigation methods or alternative approaches must be explored to incorporate HLC collections safely and strategically into control programs.

Graphical Abstract
Co-existence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-15 genes in Salmonella species isolated from febrile and diarrhoeagenic patients in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fakorede Christopher O. , Amisu Kehinde O. , Saki Morteza , Akinyemi Kabiru O. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Resistance to different antimicrobial classes by Salmonella species has generated a global public health concern. The spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) blaCTX gene variants is also increasing. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance and the carriage of blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-15 as well as the quinolone resistance gene (qnrB19) among Salmonella species from hospitalised patients in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study from April 2021 to August 2021, a total of 508 samples were collected from hospitalised patients. The samples were subjected to standard microbiological investigation. All the isolates were identified using API 20E kits and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was investigated using the disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence gene makers was conducted using RT-PCR.

Results
In total, 24 Salmonella species were identified. All the isolates were non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates. None of the isolates screened was S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi. Most of the isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamycin, while a high level of resistance to all cephalosporins, penicillin, and some carbapenems was observed. In total, 79.2% (19/24) of the Salmonella isolates harboured the blaCTX-M variant including 54.2% (13/24) blaCTX-M-9 and 12.5% (3/24) blaCTX-M-15, while co-habitation of blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-15 was observed in 12.5% (3/24) of the isolates, respectively. None of the isolates harboured quinolone-resistant qnrB19 gene and virulence gene stn. However, invA gene was present in 66.7% (16/24) of all isolates.

Conclusions
This study is considered the first report of blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-15 variants in Salmonella species in Nigeria. The continued existence of cefotaximase (CTX-M)-producing Salmonella within our environment calls for the prudent use of cephalosporins.
Quality of Indonesia’s domestic institutions and export performance in the era of global value chains
Authors: Bustaman Arief , Indiastuti Rina , Budiono B. , Anas Titik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe focus of this research is on analysing the effects of institutional quality and trade agreements on Indonesia bilateral trade in four commodity groups in the era of global value chain (GVC). Employing a panel data gravity model of Indonesian export of four commodities to Indonesia’s trading partners from 2000 to 2018 and estimating the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) and the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Method (PPML), the results of this study find that institutional quality plays a different role in explaining Indonesia’s export performance of those four commodities, despite the fact that institutions contribute positively. On two commodities that are prospective to increase Indonesia participation in the global value chain, exported intermediates and consumer goods, we find that although both domestic institutions and trading partner institutions are significant to Indonesian export, but we argue that domestic institutions contribute more. This study also reveals that through tariff reductions, Indonesian trade agreements are significant regarding export of all the four commodities group. However, even though tariffs are significant, we find that the quality of institutions, especially domestic institutions, has a greater effect on Indonesia's exports.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika VIirtual untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Himpunan
Authors: Kusumawati Yunita , Lestari Indri 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan produk media pembelajaran matematika virtual pada materi himpunan dan untuk mengetahui terdapatnya peningkatan kemandirian belajar siswa sebelum dan sesudah uji coba produk. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai pengembangan media pembelajaran virtual pada siswa kelas VII Â untuk mempelajari materi himpunan. Produk yang dikembangkan yaitu dalam bentuk pembelajaran virtual menggunakan platform Gnomio.com sebagai akses pada pembelajaran virtual. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian dan pengembangan.Â Pada hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran matematika virtual pada materi himpunan untuk kelas VII memperoleh tingkat kelayakan sebesarÂ 79%Â dari uji Ahli MateriÂ dan uji Ahli Media sebesar 91% Â sehingga produk layak digunakan oleh siswa untuk mempelajari materi himpunan dan terdapat peningkatan kemandirian belajar siswa sebelum dan sesudah uji coba produkÂ dengan gain sebesar 0,6 pada uji skala terbatas dan 0,6 pada uji lapangan.
Emergência do Putinismo Como um novo populismo | Emergence Of Putinism As A New Populism
Authors: Tostes Ana Paula Balthazar 
Published: January 2023

O objetivo do artigo é excursionar pela construção do conceito de putinismo para designar um fenômeno populista característico do regime político de Vladimir Putin na Rússia pós-soviética. Partindo de um contexto histórico e político da emergência da liderança política de Putin, apresentamos uma revisão da literatura sobre o conceito de putinismo, interpretado a partir de três espectros: como uma nova ideologia (Applebaum, 2013), um novo stalinismo (Shevtsova, 2012), ou um tipo próprio e característico do populismo (Canterbury, 2013; March, 2017). Nos três espectros conceituais encontrados na literatura, concluímos uma aproximação de caracterizações sobre a personalização da política nacional focada na figura de um líder carismático que se utiliza de estratégias de persuasão e capacidade de resgates simbólicos na condução de um governo centralizado e capaz de reprimir oposições. O contraponto é o enfraquecimento das instituições democráticas e a permanência no poder por vias de exceção que se justificam pelo argumento da legitimação de um projeto de construção nacional.Palavras-chave: Putinismo; Putin; Rússia.ABSTRACTThe objective of the article is to explore the construction of the concept of putinism to designate a populist phenomenon characteristic of the political regime of Vladimir Putin in post-Soviet Russia. Starting from a historical and political context of the emergence of Putin’s political leadership, we present a literature review on the concept of putinism, interpreted from three spectrums: as a new ideology (Applebaum, 2013), a new Stalinism (Shevtsova, 2012), or a specific and characteristic type of populism (Canterbury, 2013; March, 2017). In the three conceptual spectrums found in the literature, we conclude an approximation of characterizations about the personalization of national politics targeted on the figure of a charismatic leader who uses persuasion strategies and capacity for symbolic rescues in the conduct of a centralized government and capable of repressing oppositions. The counterpoint is the weakening of democratic institutions and the permanence in power through exceptions that are justified by the argument of legitimizing a project of national construction.Keywords: Putinism; Putin; Russia. Recebido em: 10/06/2022 | Aceito em: 08/12/2022.
Diagnóstico, avanços e perspectivas do ICMS ecológico no município de Correntes-PI / Diagnosis, advances and perspectives of the brazilian ecological state excise tax in the municipality of Corrente-PI
Authors: Reis Neto Afonso Feitosa , Souza Talis Tawan Costa de , Bezerra Ana Keuly Luz , Silva Leônio José Alves da 
Published: January 2023

ResumoA simbiose existente na relação de causa e efeito de normas jurídicas voltadas à temática ambiental é um dos fundamentos no ordenamento brasileiro. A Constituição Federal, e demais dispositivos legais, buscam elencar as ferramentas na conservação do meio ambiente. Grande parte dos municípios necessitam de recursos financeiros para as ações de preservação ambiental no plano local, e isso foi observado no município de Corrente-Piauí. A pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar o sistema do ICMS ecológico na promoção de melhorias dos requisitos e sistemas em Corrente-PI. A metodologia envolveu a análise da habilitação de Corrente-PI no período de 2015 à 2019 no processo de certificação que é realizado anualmente pela Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos (SEMAR – PI). Os resultados apontam que o município apresentou, no ano de 2019, a redução na pontuação em cinco critérios, de um total de nove, manteve os mesmos níveis pontuados em dois critérios e houve a melhoria de patamar em apenas um critério no ano de 2019, se comparado às edições anteriores. O município possui instabilidade na pontuação ao longo dos anos, o que demonstra, em certa medida, a falta de planejamento específico para a melhoria contínua no atingimento dos requisitos do ICMS ecológico.Palavras-chave: Direito Ambiental. Tributação. Recursos financeiros. Incentivo fiscal. ICMS Ecológico. AbstractThe symbiosis that exists in the cause and effect relationship of legal norms focused on the environmental cause is one of the foundations of the Brazilian system. The Federal Con stitution, and other legal provisions, seek to list the instruments that support the conservation of the environment. Most municipalities need financial resources for environmental preservation actions at the local level, this is observed in the municipality of Corrente-Piauí. The research aims to evaluate the ecological system of the ICMS in promoting improvements in requirements and systems in Corrente-PI. The methodology involved the analysis of the current classification in the period from 2015 to 2019 in the certification that is carried out annually by the Secretariat of Environment and Water Resources (SEMAR - PI). The results show that the municipality presented, in the year 2019, a reduction in the score in five criteria, out of a total of nine, maintained the same levels scored in two criteria and there was an improvement in the level in only one criterion in the year 2019, in compared to previous editions. The municipality has presented instability in the score over the years, which demonstrates, to a certain extent, the lack of specific planning for the continuous improvement of the ecological requirements of the ICMS.Keywords: Environmental Law. Taxation. Financial Resources. Tax Incentive. Ecological ICMS.
Estrutura espacial, mobilidade e transporte público: o caso do BRT Norte-Sul da Grande Goiânia / Spatial tructure, mobility and public transport: the case of BRT Borth-South of the Great Goiânia
Authors: Cunha Débora Ferreira da , Zechin Patrick Di Almeida Vieira 
Published: January 2023

Resumo O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a implantação de uma componente específica da estrutura urbana da Região Metropolitana de Goiânia, o novo Bus Rapid Transit - BRT do Corredor Norte-Sul, fundamentada pelo direito à cidade e a mobilidade urbana sustentável, desde a mobilidade inclusiva. A pesquisa se baseou na realização de um estudo de caso do BRT Norte Sul. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados consistiram em pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, levantamento de dados secundários e análise exploratória de dados espaciais. Os resultados do estudo mostram que se o BRT Norte Sul soluciona algumas questões, está longe de encaminhar soluções inteiramente satisfatórias no sentido de uma maior sustentabilidade que englobe também o “direito à cidade” e a redução de desigualdades socioeconômicas estruturais. Nesse sentido, o trabalho visa contribuir para o debate acadêmico, a partir da noção de transporte público de massa como vetor de aumento da equidade na distribuição dos recursos urbanos socialmente produzidos, enquanto atributo não relacionado exclusivamente à renda na produção da desigualdade socioeconômica. Assim, pretende-se trazer elementos para o estudo do direito à cidade e à desigualdade urbana em Goiânia e região.Palavras-chave: mobilidade urbana, transporte público, BRT, direito à cidade, desigualdade metropolitana. Abstract This article aims to analyze the implementation a specific component of the urban structure of the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia, the new Bus Rapid Transit - BRT of the North-South Corridor, based on the right to the city and sustainable urban mobility, from inclusive mobility. The research was based on conducting a case study of the North-South BRT. The methodological procedures used consisted of bibliographic and documental research, secondary data survey, and exploratory spatial data analysis. The methodological approach used is qualitative, based on a case study of the North-South BRT. The results of the study show that if the North-South BRT solves some issues, it is far from providing entirely satisfactory solutions towards greater sustainability that also encompasses the "right to the city" and the reduction of structural socioeconomic inequalities. In this sense, the work aims to contribute to the academic debate, based on the notion of public mass transportation as a vector to increase equity in the distribution of socially produced urban resources, as an attribute not exclusively related to income in the production of socioeconomic inequality. Thus, we intend to bring elements to the study of the right to the city and urban inequality in Goiânia and region.Keywords:urban mobility, public transport, BRT, right to the city, metropolitan inequality.