bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Engagement in Medical Trainee Selection: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hanson Mark D. , Pang Celeste , Springall Elena , Kulasegaram Kulamakan , Eva Kevin W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThe stakes of medical trainee selection are high, making it ironic and somewhat paradoxical that patients and the public often get little say in selection practices. The authors sought to undertake a knowledge synthesis to uncover what is known about patient engagement across the medical trainee selection continuum.MethodThe authors conducted a scoping review aimed at exploring the current state of practice and research on patient engagement in medical trainee selection in 2017–2021. MeSH headings and keywords were used to capture patient, community, and standardized patient engagement in selection processes across multiple health professions. The authors employed broad inclusion criteria and iteratively refined the corpus, ultimately, limiting study selection to those reporting engagement of actual patients in selection within medicine, but maintaining a broad focus on any patient contributions across the entire selection continuum. The Cambridge Framework was adapted and used to organize the included studies.ResultsIn total, 2,858 abstracts were reviewed, and ultimately, 28 papers were included in the final corpus. The included studies were global but nascent. Most of the literature on this topic appears in the form of individual projects advocating for patient engagement in selection rather than cohesive programs with empirical exploration of patient engagement in selection. Job analysis methodology was particularly prominent for incorporating the patient voice into identifying competencies of relevance to selection. Direct patient engagement in early selection activities allowed the patient voice to assist candidates in determining their fit for medicine.ConclusionsPatient engagement has not been made a specific focus of study in its own right, leading the authors to encourage researchers to turn their lens more directly on patient engagement to explore how it complements the professional voice in medical trainee selection.
Remote Monitoring Compared With In-Office Surveillance of Blood Pressure in Patients With Pregnancy-Related Hypertension
Authors: Arkerson Brittany J. , Finneran Matthew M. , Harris Solita R. , Schnorr Jessica , McElwee Eliza R. , Demosthenes Lauren , Sawyer Renata 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the rate of blood pressure ascertainment within 10 days of postpartum discharge among individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy randomized either to in-office blood pressure assessment or at-home monitoring.

METHODS:
This was a multisite randomized controlled trial of postpartum patients diagnosed with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy before discharge between April 2021 and September 2021 and was performed at two academic training institutions. Patients were randomized to either an in-office blood pressure check or remote monitoring through a web-enabled smartphone platform. The primary outcome was the rate of any blood pressure ascertainment within 10 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes include rates of initiation of antihypertensive medication, readmission, and additional office or triage visits for hypertension. Assuming a 10-day postdischarge blood pressure ascertainment rate of 50% in the in-office arm, we estimated that 186 participants would provide 80% power to detect a 20% difference in the primary outcome between groups.

RESULTS:
One hundred ninety-seven patients were randomized (96 remote, 101 in-office). Patients with remote monitoring had higher rates of postpartum blood pressure ascertainment compared with in-office surveillance (91.7% [n=88] vs 58.4% [n=59]; P<.001). There were 11 (11.5%) patients in the intervention arm whose only qualifying blood pressure was a postdischarge in-person ascertainment, yielding a true remote monitoring uptake rate of 80.2%. In those with remote blood pressure uptake (n=77), the median number of blood pressure checks was 15 (interquartile range 6–26) and the median duration of remote monitoring use was 14 days (interquartile range 9–16). There were no differences in rates of readmission for hypertension (5.0% [n=5] vs 4.2% [n=4], P=.792) or initiation of antihypertensive medications after discharge (9.4% [n=9] vs 6.9% [n=7], P=.530). Rates of unscheduled visits were increased in the remote monitoring arm, but this did not reach statistical significance (5.0% [n=5] vs 12.5% [n=12], P=.059). When stratifying the primary outcome by race and randomization group, Black patients had lower rates of blood pressure ascertainment than White patients when assigned to in-office surveillance (41.2% [n=14] vs 69.5% [n=41], P=.007), but there was no difference in the remote management group (92.9% [n=26] vs 92.9% [n=52], P>.99).

CONCLUSION:
Remote monitoring can increase postpartum blood pressure ascertainment within 10 days of discharge for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and has the potential to promote health equity.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04823949.
Identifying Optimal Methods for Addressing Confounding Bias When Estimating the Effects of State-level Policies
Authors: Griffin Beth Ann , Schuler Megan S. , Stone Elizabeth M. , Patrick Stephen W. , Stein Bradley D. , Nascimento de Lima Pedro , Griswold Max , Scherling Adam , Stuart Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Policy evaluation studies that assess how state-level policies affect health-related outcomes are foundational to health and social policy research. The relative ability of newer analytic methods to address confounding, a key source of bias in observational studies, has not been closely examined.

Methods:
We conducted a simulation study to examine how differing magnitudes of confounding affected the performance of 4 methods used for policy evaluations: (1) the two-way fixed effects difference-in-differences model; (2) a 1-period lagged autoregressive model; (3) augmented synthetic control method; and (4) the doubly robust difference-in-differences approach with multiple time periods from Callaway–Sant’Anna. We simulated our data to have staggered policy adoption and multiple confounding scenarios (i.e., varying the magnitude and nature of confounding relationships).

Results:
Bias increased for each method: (1) as confounding magnitude increases; (2) when confounding is generated with respect to prior outcome trends (rather than levels), and (3) when confounding associations are nonlinear (rather than linear). The autoregressive model and augmented synthetic control method had notably lower root mean squared error than the two-way fixed effects and Callaway–Sant’Anna approaches for all scenarios; the exception is nonlinear confounding by prior trends, where Callaway–Sant’Anna excels. Coverage rates were unreasonably high for the augmented synthetic control method (e.g., 100%), reflecting large model-based standard errors and wide confidence intervals in practice.

Conclusions:
In our simulation study, no single method consistently outperformed the others, but a researcher’s toolkit should include all methodologic options. Our simulations and associated R package can help researchers choose the most appropriate approach for their data.
National Trends in Cochlear Implantation Across the Department of the Defense: A Case for Inclusion as a General Otolaryngology Core Competency
Authors: Adams Jason K. , Marinelli John P. , DeJong Russell W. , Spear Samuel A. , Erbele Isaac D. 
Published: September 2023

Objective
With ongoing national expansions in cochlear implantation (CI) candidacy criteria, more patients qualify for CI today than ever before. Among US veterans and military service members, the prevalence of qualifying degrees of hearing loss secondary to occupational noise exposure exceeds the general population. The primary aim of the current work was to evaluate CI trends across the military health system.

Study Design
Database review.

Setting
Military and civilian practices.

Patients
Department of Defense (DoD) beneficiaries who underwent CI.

Main Outcome Measures
CI rates between 2010 and 2019.

Results
A total of 3,573 cochlear implant operations were performed among DoD beneficiaries from 2010 to 2019. A majority of patients (55%) were older than 64 years, with the next most commonly implanted age group being 0 to 4 years of age (14%). From 2010 to 2019, annual CI increased at a rate of 7.9% per year for all implantation over the study period (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001); there was a statistically significant difference of this rate compared with tympanoplasty, which was used as a reference procedure (rate, −1.9%; p = 0.03). This trend was similar for beneficiaries implanted both in military (11.9% per year, r = 0.77, p = 0.009) and civilian facilities (7.7% per year, r = 0.96, p < 0.0001); there was no statistically significant difference between the annual growth rates of these groups (p = 0.68).

Conclusions
Although the number of devices implanted is rapidly increasing among DoD beneficiaries, reported national utilization rates remain low. This disparity likely exists in the general public, considering the aging demographic in the West and continual expansions in US Federal Drug Administration labeling. These data suggest that widespread expansion of the procedure to general otolaryngology practices will be required to meet current and future demands for CI. For this reason, CI should be considered for “key indicator” designation among residency training programs.
Two Discrete Types of Tip Fold-Over in Cochlear Implantation Using Slim Modiolar Electrodes: Influence of Cochlear Duct Length on Tip Fold-Over
Authors: Oh Heonjeong , Kim Yehree , Lee Seung Jae , Carandang Marge , Song Jae-Jin , Choi Byung Yoon 
Published: September 2023

Objective
Precise electrode positioning is crucial for achieving optimal audiological outcomes in cochlear implantation. The slim modiolar electrode (SME), a thin, flexible, and precurved electrode, exhibits favorable modiolar proximity. However, tip fold-over can affect optimal electrode placement. Herein, we share our experiences with tip fold-over in SMEs and present an analysis of conditions that may predispose to tip fold-over.

Study Design
Retrospective medical record review.

Patients
In total, 475 patients (671 ears) underwent cochlear implantation using SMEs (Nucleus CI532 or CI632 from Cochlear) performed by a single surgeon at a tertiary center between June 14, 2018, and December 1, 2022.

Interventions
Intraoperative x-ray scans (cochlear view), operative records, and cochlear duct length (CDL) were reviewed.

Main Outcome Measures
Tip fold-over patterns on plain x-ray images (proximal versus distal).

Results
Electrode tip fold-over was observed in 18 (2.7%) of the 671 ears with SMEs. This fold-over occurred more frequently in cases with long CDL (>36 mm). Among the 14 cases with available initial x-rays before correction of the tip fold-over, half were classified as proximal and the other half as distal. A predilection for proximal tip fold-over was found in those with a CDL of 36 mm or longer, and longer CDLs were observed for proximal cases than for distal cases. Our pilot data suggest that identifying the type of tip fold-over can aid in correcting it more efficiently.

Conclusions
Tip fold-over of SME does not occur uniformly and is more common in ears with long CDL. This tendency is particularly pronounced for the proximal type of tip fold-over. Therefore, preoperative measurement of the CDL and meticulous examination of intraoperative imaging are essential for customized correction.
Incidence of Hearing Loss in Corpus Callosum Agenesis
Authors: Kim Jayoon , Jeong Mincheol , Yang Seungjoon , Han Jung Ho , Bae Seong Hoon 
Published: September 2023

Objectives
Congenital corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) is one of the congenital anomalies in newborns, which usually presents with syndromic features. It can be asymptomatic or have variable neurological deficits. Some studies demonstrated that hearing loss can occur in patients with CCA; however, the exact prevalence remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of hearing loss in CCA using data from newborn hearing screening in a single tertiary referral center.

Methods
A total of 126 patients with CCA combined with hearing loss diagnosed at our hospital from November 2005 to November 2022 were retrospectively included in our study. All patients had at least one screening or diagnostic auditory brainstem response result. Brain ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to diagnose CCA.

Results
Among 126 patients, 93 had automated auditory brainstem response within a month from birth. Of the 93 patients, 20 (21.5%) had a “refer” result in the screening tests in at least one ear. The final incidence of hearing loss in patients with CCA was 16.1%. We observed no hearing loss in 22 patients with isolated CCA.

Conclusions
Patients with CCA have a higher incidence of hearing loss. However, this is likely related to the concurrent condition of patients. CCA seems not to be a risk factor for hearing loss.
The pathophysiology of excess plasma-free cholesterol
Authors: Gillard Baiba K. , Rosales Corina , Gotto Antonio M. , Pownall Henry J. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Several large studies have shown increased mortality due to all-causes and to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In most clinical settings, plasma HDL-cholesterol is determined as a sum of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester, two molecules with vastly different metabolic itineraries. We examine the evidence supporting the concept that the pathological effects of elevations of plasma HDL-cholesterol are due to high levels of the free cholesterol component of HDL-C.

Recent findings
In a small population of humans, a high plasma HDL-cholesterol is associated with increased mortality. Similar observations in the HDL-receptor deficient mouse (Scarb1-/-), a preclinical model of elevated HDL-C, suggests that the pathological component of HDL in these patients is an elevated plasma HDL-FC.

Summary
Collective consideration of the human and mouse data suggests that clinical trials, especially in the setting of high plasma HDL, should measure free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters and not just total cholesterol.
Dissociative Dimensions and Their Implications for Emotional Dysregulation Underlying Borderline Personality Disorder Features
Authors: Cavicchioli Marco , Ogliari Anna , Maffei Cesare , Mucci Clara , Scalabrini Andrea 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is considered a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The role of dissociation in BPD has been discussed from different perspectives. Nevertheless, implications of dissociation for BPD features are not clear. The current study estimated mediation effects of dissociative dimensions on the relationships between several emotion regulation strategies (ERSs) and BPD features among 281 adults recruited from the general population. The online survey administered a comprehensive self-report battery for the assessment of maladaptive and adaptive ERSs together with dissociative dimensions. Borderline personality disorder features were also self-report screened. Results showed significant indirect effects of dissociation on the relationships between ERSs and BPD features. Dissociation was a full mediator of the relationship between deficits with problem-solving skills and BPD criteria. The study confirmed that emotion dysregulation is a core feature of BPD and that the dissociative dimensions should be included as relevant maladaptive mechanisms sustaining BPD emotional difficulties.
The Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Pain-Coping Strategies in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Mansouri Aylar , Javedani Mohammadreza , Rezazadeh Yazd Seyedeh Arefeh , Nikandish Mohadeseh , Khataei Alireza , Atrian Alireza , Moradi Fateme , Moghbeli Nina , Seifi Zahra 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cognitive-behavioral group therapy is one of the most effective forms of intervention in therapy for women with breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on depression, anxiety, and pain-coping strategies in women with breast cancer. The present study is a semiexperimental research with a pretest-posttest with the control group. For this purpose, 50 people of women with breast cancer were admitted to the medical university hospitals of Tehran to method purposive sampling and were randomly selected as experimental (n = 25) and control (n = 25) groups. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral group therapy significantly reduces depression and anxiety and increases the use of pain-coping strategies in women with breast cancer. Also in the field of pain-coping strategies between the experimental and control groups, there is a significant difference.
The Tripartite Model of Depression in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Parrish Emma M. , Harvey Philip D. , Ackerman Robert A. , Moore Raeanne C. , Depp Colin A. , Gagnier Marc , Pinkham Amy E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Models of affect, like the tripartite model, suggest that positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) are independent between subjects and negatively correlated within. Correlations may differ in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and clinical ratings, this secondary analysis evaluated the tripartite model by examining PA and NA. Two hundred eighty-one participants with BD or a psychotic disorder completed 30 days of EMA of PA and NA, and clinical raters assessed depression. PA and NA were more related between subjects and less related within subjects among participants with schizophrenia. In BD, lower momentary PA was positively associated with clinical ratings of depression, although greater momentary NA was not significantly associated with clinical ratings. In schizophrenia, the inverse was found. These results suggest that the tripartite model was not confirmed in people with schizophrenia or BD. However, PA and NA manifested associations in BD that were more congruent with population studies than in schizophrenia. These findings may have implications for clinical interventions targeting depression, PA, and NA in these populations.
Changes in Oral and Anal Sex with Opposite-Sex Partners among Sexually Active Females and Males Ages 15-44 in the United States: National Survey of Family Growth, 2011-2019
Authors: Katz David A. , Copen Casey E. , Haderxhanaj Laura T. , Hogben Matthew , Goodreau Steven M. , Spicknall Ian H. , Hamilton Deven T. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Oral and anal sex with opposite-sex partners are common and associated with STI transmission. Trends in these behaviors over the last decade, during which bacterial STI diagnoses have reached historic highs while HIV diagnoses have decreased, are not well understood. We examined recent trends in oral and anal sex and associated condom use with opposite-sex partners among females and males.

Methods
We analyzed data from 16,926 female and 13,533 male respondents ages 15-44 who reported sex with an opposite-sex partner in the past 12 months from the National Survey of Family Growth, 2011-2019. We used survey-weighted linear or logistic regression to evaluate linear temporal trends in oral and anal sex behaviors.

Results
From 2011-13 to 2017-19, reports of oral sex and number of oral sex partners in the past 12 months increased among females (85.4% in 2011-13 to 89.4% in 2017-19, OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.02-1.09; and β = 0.014, 95%CI = 0.005-0.023; respectively) but not males (ranges = 87.9-89.1%; 1.27-1.31). Condom use at last oral sex decreased among both females and males (6.3% to 4.3%, OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.88-0.99; 5.9% to 4.4%, OR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.91-1.00). Anal sex (female range = 21.0-23.3%, male = 23.3-24.6%), number of anal sex partners (females = 0.22-0.25; males = 0.26-0.30), and condom use at last anal sex (females = 15.3-18.2%; males = 27.0-28.7%) remained stable.

Conclusions
The frequency of oral and anal sex with opposite-sex partners among U.S. 15-44-year-olds, paired with limited and – for oral sex – decreasing condom use, demonstrates the need to understand the role of these behaviors in increasing STI diagnosis rates and the potential role of extragenital screening and condoms in reducing STI transmission.
Physical, psychological, and cognitive outcomes after coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalization: a prospective study with 3-month follow-up of a Brazilian cohort
Authors: Leite Victor Figueiredo , Cezarino Leandro Gonçalves , Jorge Valéria Conceição , Lima Maria do Carmo Correia de , Rocha Cleber Nunes da , Scontre Silmara , Rampim Danielle Bianchini 
Published: September 2023

Context:
Post–coronavirus disease (COVID) is associated with multiple impairments.

Aims:
To identify consequences of COVID 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization, and risk factors for functional dependence 3 months after discharge.

Settings and design:
Prospective cohort in a verticalized health care network.

Material and methods:
Individuals hospitalized from June to November 2020 due to COVID-19 were investigated assessing outcomes pertaining to physical and respiratory symptoms, mental health, and physical, swallow and vocal, and cognitive function at baseline, and after 1 and 3 months. Those admitted to the intensive care unit were compared with those in the ward.

Statistical analysis used:
Within and between-group comparison and across time points using T test paired samples, Wilcoxon test, 1-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson χ2 and Fisher exact test, with a statistical power of 80% and α = 5%, and a post hoc univariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results:
Participants (n = 326) had a mean of 70.3 (9.2) years and were hospitalized for a median (interquartile range) of 5 (3–8) days. In the 3-month follow-up, participants persisted with fatigue (64.7%), breathlessness (44.5%), aches, and pains (18.5%). Dyspnea and fatigue rates worsened during the same time period. Multivariable regression showed Timed Up and Go (test) ≥20 seconds at discharge as a predictor of functional dependence for IADL at the 3-month follow-up [odds ratio =3.12 (95% CI: 1.25–7.84)].

Conclusions:
The impact of COVID-19 persisted for at least 3 months, with improvement of only some outcomes in the period. A poor performance at the Timed Up and Go test at baseline was a predictor of functional dependence at 3 months.