bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘What does Mr Parnell say?’
Authors: Bew Paul 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In Dillon’s absence, Parnell pushed Irish nationalists along a parliamentary, non-revolutionary path, his progress impeded only by the re-surfacing of stories of his connections with violent revolutionaries of the P. J. Sheridan type in the Land League era. He played both English parties off against each other before finally accepting in 1886 that Gladstone was the most likely to deliver Home Rule. The prospect of such a triumph was enticing for Dillon, who returned from exile but explicitly refrained from supporting Parnell’s more moderate views on the land question. Indeed, he openly subverted them. In the disappointing juncture of parliamentary defeat for Home Rule, followed by the Tory and Unionist election victory, Dillon sought to relaunch the land war whilst Parnell supported a path of moderation and patience.
Human Action, the Will, and Freedom
Authors: Bogle Stephen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As an aspect of human action, the will is an important concept within Stair’s account of law and is critical to his description of conventional obligations and the idea that man has a freedom to contract. Prior to the 1660s, the term ‘will’ did not play a significant role either in contemporary legal writing about contracting in Scotland or within legal literature used by lawyers in Scotland. In terms of the history of contract law in Europe, James Gordley and Wim Decock have argued that the will becomes a key legal concept in contractual thought from the early seventeenth century onwards via the juridical commentaries of the late scholastics. In contrast, it does not appear to have played a role in English legal thought until the late eighteenth century. It does appear in Grotius’s The Rights of War and Peace of 1625, but does not figure in his basic account of the law applying to contracting in the Dutch provinces, the Introduction to Dutch Jurisprudence published in 1631. This raises some basic questions which link to the development of contractual thought during the early modern period. This chapter offers an explanation of why Stair embedded it within his account of contractual and promissory obligations.
The Reception of Stair’s Contractual Thought
Authors: Bogle Stephen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines how Stair’s contractual thought relates to other accounts of contracting given in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. The approach is to examine the contractual thought of Stair in comparison to George Mackenzie (1636/8–1691) and Gershom Carmichael (1672–1729). It reframes the question of how Stair’s contractual thought was received by arguing that Stair was just one of many writers in the seventeenth and eighteenth century to engage with, respond to, and be influenced by Grotian natural law. It demonstrates how many moral philosophers of the eighteenth century offered to a greater or lesser extent a theistic account of natural law: each considered human action and man’s access to moral knowledge; each drew from the tradition of Grotius and Pufendorf, speaking of natural law in terms of rights and duties; and each used Roman law as a point of comparison when discussing the specifics of natural law. Stair may be the first in Scotland to write about natural law in this manner, but he was certainly not the last.
The King's Felons
Authors: McGlynn Margaret 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This book examines the subtle but intentional development of criminal confinement as an alternative to capital punishment in early Tudor England. As the judicial establishment looked for ways to enhance law and order without provoking political opposition, they increasingly turned to two traditional mitigations of criminal punishment, benefit of clergy, and sanctuary. Often reviled, then and now, as corrupt clerical rights which served to undermine secular authority and the rule of law, benefit of clergy and sanctuary in fact provided the justices with room to manoeuvre, allowing them to punish a larger number of felons less harshly while avoiding political scrutiny. Their approach to this problem evolved over the sixty years of this study, allowing us to see not only the internal development of both law and process, but the ways in which the judicial system responded to external pressures: both ordinary pressures like the tension between local and central power and extraordinary ones like the Reformation. The dissolution of the monasteries between 1536 and 1540, together with the steady erosion of the wealth and power of the bishops, meant that the institutional and financial foundations on which the justices built this system began to crumble as it was reaching fruition. Over the next two decades they scrambled, with limited success, to secure some small vestiges of the system they had built. The epilogue connects the state of the system in the aftermath of this collapse to our existing understanding of the system in the later part of the century.
Persuasion and Paternalism
Authors: McKenna Robin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the problem of what to do about public ignorance, and in particular the problem of global warming scepticism. The chapter starts by distinguishing between the empirical issue of which methods of persuading global warming sceptics to change their minds are likely to be effective and the normative issue of whether these methods are morally permissible. It then addresses both the empirical and the normative issue. So far as the empirical issue is concerned, the chapter draws on political psychology and science communication to argue that the most effective methods of persuading people to change their minds about politically contentious scientific issues are ‘marketing methods’—methods that seek to sell science, rather than persuade purely through the force of reason and evidence. So far as the normative issue is concerned, the chapter argues that science marketing need not infringe on our intellectual autonomy and is not objectionably paternalistic.
Historicism and Relativism
Authors: Beiser Frederick C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter treats the problem of ethical relativism as it arose within Lebensphilosophie. Nietzsche, Dilthey, and Simmel are the first philosophers in the modern tradition to tackle the problem of relativism. They have abandoned the hope of an ethics with a moral code valid for all human beings. They offer differing responses to relativism: Nietzsche affirms it but still finds a fundamental principle of morals in his will to power; Dilthey disapproves of relativism but admits that he has no solution to the problem; and Simmel affirms it without qualification and makes resignation to it a characteristic trait of modern culture. The sources of relativism lie in the collapse of the natural law tradition, the decline of the religious tradition, and the individualistic ethic of the Lebensphilosophen.
Plato of Athens
Authors: Waterfield Robin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Plato of Athens is the first-ever biography of the world-famous philosopher. Born into a well-to-do family, Plato grew up in the gloom of wartime Athens at the end of the fifth century bce. In his teens he honed his intellect by attending lectures by the many thinkers who passed through Athens and toyed with the idea of writing poetry. He decided to go into politics but became disillusioned, especially after the Athenians condemned his teacher, Socrates, to death. Instead he turned to writing and teaching, focusing especially on political theory, metaphysics, and ethics. In 383 he founded the Academy, the world’s first higher-educational research and teaching establishment. He also returned after a while to practical politics and spent a considerable amount of time trying to create a constitution for Syracuse in Sicily that would reflect his political ideals. The attempt failed, and Plato’s disappointment can be traced in his later political works. In his lifetime and after, Plato was considered almost divine. This led to the invention of tall tales about him, by both those who adored him and those who wanted to dethrone him. Plato of Athens steers a judicious course among these stories, debunking some but accepting a kernel of truth in others. As well as tracking the events of his life, considerable attention is paid to his written works—his “dialogues,” as they are called: they are summarized and discussed. Clearly and engagingly written throughout, Plato of Athens is the perfect introduction to the man and his work.
Last Years
Authors: Waterfield Robin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Did Plato make a final visit to Syracuse in 349 BCE? The evidence (often overlooked by writers on Plato) is too thin to be sure. Plato remained in touch with the followers of Dion in Syracuse after Dion’s death and had some suggestions as to how they should proceed and what would be best for Syracuse under the circumstances. This chapter outlines some of Plato’s last and longest political work, Laws, and suggests (following on from what was said about Statesman in chapter 7) that it shows a further degree of realism, and that this should be attributed to his experiences with Dionysius II. The nature and content of the other late dialogues are summarized. The chapter describes Plato’s death and tomb, his heroization, and what happened to the Academy—first in the decades immediately following his death, and then on to the sixth century ce, when it finally came to an end.
Elizabeth Hall Davis
Authors: Gumprecht Blake 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tells the life history of Elizabeth Hall Davis, one of tens of thousands of Black people who moved to Boston from the South during the Great Migration, transforming the city. Davis moved to Boston from Columbia, South Carolina, in 1963. She is one of ten people featured in a book that explores the Great Migration by examining the lives of individual migrants. Each is the focus of one chapter. Their stories bring to life the history of the Great Migration. They reveal a hidden aspect of Boston’s history and shine a spotlight on a singularly important event in the making of Black Boston. They also provide a rare glimpse into the lives of ordinary people living in one city’s Black community.
Barbra Hicks
Authors: Gumprecht Blake 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tells the life history of Barbra Hicks, one of tens of thousands of Black people who moved to Boston from the South during the Great Migration, transforming the city. Hicks moved to Boston from Jasper, Alabama, about 1964. She is one of ten people featured in a book that explores the Great Migration by examining the lives of individual migrants. Each is the focus of one chapter. Their stories bring to life the history of the Great Migration. They reveal a hidden aspect of Boston’s history and shine a spotlight on a singularly important event in the making of Black Boston. They also provide a rare glimpse into the lives of ordinary people living in one city’s Black community.
Black Health
Authors: Ray Keisha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Why do American Black people generally have worse health than American White people? To answer this question, “Black Health” dispels any notion that Black people have inferior bodies that are inherently susceptible to disease. This is simply false racial science that has been used to abuse Black people since our African ancestors were brought to America on slave ships. A genuine investigation into the status of Black people’s health requires us to acknowledge that race has always been a powerful social category. Race largely predetermines individuals’ social and political power and access to resources needed for health and wellbeing. And as a group, Black people have been intentionally denied this power and access. Systemic racism, oppression, and White supremacy in American institutions have largely been the perpetrators of differing social power and access to resources for Black people. It is these systemic inequities that create the social conditions needed for poor health outcomes for Black people to persist. An examination of social inequities reveals that it is no accident that Black people have poorer health than White people, instead in America, almost every institution has been designed to withhold what Black people need for proper health and wellbeing. Black Health provides a succinct discussion of Black people’s health, including the social, political, and at times cultural determinants of their health. This book examines the ways that Black people’s multiple identities—social, cultural, and political—intersect with anti-Black institutions, such as housing and health care to determine their poor outcomes in pregnancy, pain management, sleep, and cardiovascular disease.
Parallax Historiography and Metareference
Authors: Player Mark 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the extent to which intermediality can read cinema and its complex media-historical development by applying the concepts of “parallax historiography” and “metareference” to the work of Japanese filmmaker Nagasaki Shun’ichi. Nagasaki’s Heart, Beating in the Dark—New Version (2005) marks a complex return to his seminal Super 8 feature Heart, Beating in the Dark (1982), acting as a sequel to and remake of the original, while also documenting its own production via fictionalised “behind-the-scenes” sequences. By using conceptual tools that self-reflexively address film’s past and present specificities, this chapter demonstrates how Heart, Beating in the Dark—New Version not only fulfils intermediality’s political potential by abolishing “the schism between art and life” but also conjures a peculiar kind of “intramediality,” absorbed by its own media archaeology, legacy, and specificities. As such, multifarious passages open up between the real and fictional histories of Nagasaki’s Heart, Beating in the Dark diptych, which are presented in blurred parallel.
When the Past Is Present
Authors: Xavier Ismail 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on a digital film made by Carlos Adriano, a Brazilian filmmaker whose works explore intermedial connections created by the assemblage of a variety of materials, genres, and editing procedures. Here I present a close reading of Santoscópio = Dumontagem, emphasising the way it explores a process of repetition and difference applied to images extracted from a fifty-five-second actuality made in London in 1901: a single shot registering a conversation between Alberto Santos Dumont, an eminent figure associated with the invention of the airplane, and Charles Rolls, the founder, alongside Henry Royce, of the industrial enterprise Rolls-Royce Limited. Intermediality here appears in the guise of media archaeology, as Adriano accessed this brief scene by means of a Mutoscope, one of the proto-cinematic “philosophical toys” of the nineteenth century, alongside the kaleidoscope, the praxinoscope, and others of domestic use. This set of inventions and their differences and similarities with digital filmmaking inform my analysis of intermediality in Adriano’s experimental film.
Flamenco on Screen
Authors: Elduque Albert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the ways in which Giorgio Agamben’s medial understanding of gesture is articulated in the case of dancer Carmen Amaya (1913−1963), who was born in a marginalised Roma community in Barcelona but became an international flamenco star. The chapter first explores the intermedial history of Amaya’s dancing gestures in her cinematic performances, most notably in María de la O (Francisco Elías, 1936) and Los Tarantos (Francisco Rovira Beleta, 1963). It then focuses on the music documentary Bajarí (Eva Vila, 2013), which explores Amaya’s legacy in her hometown by filming both the rehearsals for an homage event and the story of a five-year-old Roma kid who wants to be a dancer. By analysing the circulation of gesture from Amaya’s image to the contemporary characters, the chapter argues that Bajarí not only finds and recovers these gestures for the present but also uses specific self-reflexive techniques to enhance their mediality.
A Rational Teaching
Authors: Mitchell Scott A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The specific processes by which Buddhism was transformed during the colonial period into a modern religion, and how this modern religion is an amalgam of both traditional Buddhist and post-Enlightenment thought, are now well established. It is largely taken for granted, especially on a popular level, that Buddhism is a rational and scientific religion of peace. This assumption, of course, obscures how Buddhism was understood as the religion of the enemy in the decades leading up to World War II. And the role Japanese Americans played in the making of Buddhist modernism has been understudied. This chapter begins with an overview of scholarship on Buddhist modernism before detailing how modernist themes are prevalent in the Berkeley Bussei. The chapter ends with a discussion of the exclusion of Asian Americans generally from the scholarly lineage of Buddhist moderns.
Conclusion
Authors: Mitchell Scott A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The conclusion summarizes The Making of American Buddhism and examines the continuing relevance of the Berkeley Buddhist community. Following the reconstruction of the temple and the end of the Bussei’s print run, participants in the community’s programs continued to study and promote Buddhism in the United States. Some figures, such as Alan Watts, popularized Buddhism for mass audiences. Others, such as Alex Wayman, went on to successful careers in the academy. In this way, the conclusion argues, Japanese American Buddhists at midcentury played a key role in the development of American Buddhism, Buddhist modernism, and academic Buddhist studies.
Exit without Agreement
Authors: Pinfold Rob Geist 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines another “unilateral” Israeli withdrawal: the “disengagement” from the Gaza Strip in 2005. Critics have labeled the disengagement as an ignominious concession in the face of the Second Intifada’s violence. Others have argued that Prime Minister Ariel Sharon withdrew to distract the public from corruption allegations against him. However, this chapter demonstrates that the withdrawal from Gaza was neither unilateral nor an irrational retreat. The Second Intifada did escalate the occupation’s costs. But exit was a rational choice because the status quo lost its strategic utility. Additionally, the withdrawal from Gaza cannot be reduced to policymakers appeasing a restless domestic arena, since the “disengagement plan” actually precipitated a domestic political crisis. Finally, bargaining between Israel and the US delineated the contours of withdrawal and concessions Israel would gain in return. Hence, the withdrawal from Gaza was not a “something for nothing” exit, nor was it unilateral.
Preemption and the Plural Harm Approach
Authors: Feit Neil 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the most significant challenge to the counterfactual comparative account of harm, the challenge of preemption and overdetermination. Suppose that Bob injures Simon but also that if Bob had not acted, Peter would have injured Simon in the very same way. The account implies that Bob’s act does not harm Simon, since he would not have been better off had Bob not acted. The chapter sketches a preliminary solution to the problem, namely, the plural harm approach. It argues that Bob and Peter together harm Simon even though neither one does. It discusses the plural harm approach and its features, but a detailed discussion appears in the following chapter. This chapter concludes with a critical discussion of other approaches to the problem of preemption, ones defended by those who favor the general counterfactual perspective. It argues that an adequate account of harm needs to recognize plural harm.
CCA with Plural Harm
Authors: Feit Neil 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the problem of preemption for the counterfactual account of harm, and defends the plural harm approach as a solution. It defends a detailed account of harm, namely, CCA with Plural Harm, which provides necessary and sufficient conditions for any given individual’s being harmed by one or more events. This account entails, but is not entailed by, the counterfactual comparative account of harm. The chapter discusses how it can be the case that some events harm a given individual, even if none of those events individually is harmful. It proceeds to extend the basic view so that it accounts for the amount, or degree, of harm inflicted by an event or events, and also for the times at which, or during which, harmful events are harmful. It concludes by presenting a fully general account of overall and all-things-considered harm.
CCA with Plural Harm
Authors: Feit Neil 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the plural harm approach, that is, the counterfactual comparative account of harm (CCA) extended to include plural harm, as it relates to several issues concerning the metaphysics and moral relevance of harm. It begins by considering a recent challenge to the counterfactual comparative account that is similar in some respects to the problem of preemption. It argues that the plural harm approach lets advocates of CCA respond plausibly to the objection. The chapter also contains responses to some objections that focus on the plural harm approach itself and, in its final section, it contains a response to a challenge that concerns the moral status of actions performed in cases of preemption, where the acts are intuitively impermissible but harmless according to the account.
Causality and Causal Explanation in Aristotle
Authors: Stein Nathanael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This book aims to answer two main questions about Aristotle’s theory of causality and causal explanation, especially in relation to natural science: (1) How does he answer the main philosophical questions about causes to which he thinks his predecessors’ answers are flawed? (2) How do his answers bear on the main questions we confront in thinking about causality in general? The texts that deal with causality directly are analyzed against the background of his criticisms of his predecessors and his broader views about explanation, highlighting their theoretically important commitments. This allows us to reveal the conceptual architecture of his theory. The basic theory is then applied to two questions about causality, one metaphysical and one epistemological. The metaphysical question is how to account for the relation between causes and what they cause, in light of a fundamental tension between different desiderata for causal explanations. Aristotle’s answer is pluralistic: he does not think that there is one metaphysical relationship between causes and what they cause even within a given mode of causality. The epistemological question asks how we grasp causes, and grasp them in a way that yields scientific understanding. Aristotle’s answer is again a pluralist one: metaphysically different phenomena demand different cognitive resources, and some are more accessible than others. Nevertheless, there is a discernible path from simpler to more sophisticated types of cognitive grasp on causality, in such a way that Aristotle can plausibly satisfy the epistemological constraints he thinks his predecessors cannot. Aristotle thus aims to provide a non-reductionist account of causality that still leaves room for a substantive conception of understanding in natural science.