bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cuticular Hydrocarbons of Dasineura Oleae Show Differences Between Sex, Adult Age and Mating Status
Authors: Caselli Alice , Favaro Riccardo , Petacchi Ruggero , Valicenti Marta , Angeli Sergio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In insects, cuticular lipids prevent water loss and act as semiochemicals. Because of their ecological function, the profile change across the insects’ sex and development offers insight into insect biology and possible tools for pest management. Here, the first work on cecidomyiid cuticular extracts is proposed considering Dasineura oleae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) males and females at different adult ages (0–12 h, 12–24 h, 24–36 h) and distinct sexual conditions (virgin and mated). A set of 49 compounds were recorded (12 alkanes, 1 monomethyl alkane, 11 fatty acids, 4 esters, 1 aldehyde, 1 allylbenzene, 1 amine, 1 flavonoid, 1 ketone, 1 phenol, 1 steradiene, 1 sterol, 1 terpene, 1 triterpene and 11 unknown compounds), and 18 of them showed significant differences between groups. Among alkanes, hexacosane (nC26) exhibited a decreasing trend from the youngest to the oldest females, while pentacosane (nC25) and nonacosane (nC29) showed a decreasing trend from 0 to 12 h to 12–24 h virgin females. In addition, nonadecane (nC19) was significantly more abundant in the youngest males compared to older males and females. The alkanes nC25, nC26 and nC29 have been reported to be age-related also in other dipterans, while nC19 has been described as gender-specific chemical cue for platygastrid parasitoids. Further behavioural trials and analyses are required to assign the specific ecological roles to the characterized compounds. Our results may contribute to develop new low-impact control strategies relying on the manipulation of D. oleae’s chemical communication (e.g. disruption of mating or species recognition).

Highlights
• Cuticular hydrocarbons are often involved in dipteran intraspecific communication.
• We explored the cuticular profile of D. oleae at different age, sex, mating condition.
• Five alkanes and one mono-methyl alkane showed differences among groups.
• Linoleic acid is the most abundant compound in virgins, absent in mated insects.
• Eleven compounds disappear in mated insects, but were present in all virgins.

Graphical Abstract
Moral knowledge and the existence of god
Authors: McKay Noah D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this essay, I argue that, all else being equal, theism is more probable than naturalism on the assumption that human beings are able to arrive at a body of moral knowledge that is largely accurate and complete. I put forth this thesis on grounds that, if naturalism is true, the explanation of the content of our moral intuitions terminates either in biological-evolutionary processes or in social conventions adopted for pragmatic reasons; that, if this is so, our moral intuitions were selected for their utility, not their truth; and that, if our moral intuitions were so selected, they are probably false. I defend the argument against three objections: first, that the argument amounts to a generic skeptical challenge; second, that ethical naturalism explains how our moral intuitions could have been selected for their truth; and third, that there is a pre-established harmony between the utility of moral beliefs and their truth-values.
Teleology and mechanism: a dialectical approach
Authors: Gambarotto Andrea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe paper proposes a dialectical approach to our understanding of the relation between teleology and mechanism. This approach is dialectical both in form and content. Inform, it proposes a contemporary interpretation of Hegel’s metaphysical account of teleology. This account is grounded in a dialectical methodology, which consists in scrutinizing the inherent limitations of a theoretical position that lead it to suppress itself and evolve into a better one. I apply the same methodology to the function debate. For Hegel, teleology can be understood in three main variants, which can be fruitfully mapped onto the three main positions in the function debate, the key conceptual distinction being whether teleological principles are understood as extrinsic or intrinsic. When it comes to autonomous systems, i.e. systems that embody the regime ofGeist, extrinsic functionality must be grounded in intrinsic functionality. My approach is dialectical also incontent, insofar as it concludes that intrinsic functional ascriptions rely on the relation of co-determination between the parts and the whole of a system, as well as between the system and its environment.
A long distance telesurgical demonstration on robotic surgery phantoms over 5G
Authors: Moustris George , Tzafestas Costas , Konstantinidis Konstantinos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Using robotic technology and communications infrastructure to remotely perform surgery has been a persistent goal in medical research in the past three decades. The recent deployment of the Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks has revitalized the research efforts in the telesurgery paradigm. Offering low latency and high bandwidth communication, they are well suited for applications that require real-time data transmission and can allow smoother communication between surgeon and patient, making it possible to remotely perform complex surgeries. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the 5 G network on surgical performance during a telesurgical demonstration where the surgeon and the robot are separated by nearly 300 km.

Methods
The surgeon performed surgical exercises on a robotic surgery training phantom using a novel telesurgical platform. The master controllers were connected to the local site on a 5 G network, teleoperating the robot remotely in a hospital. A video feed of the remote site was also streamed. The surgeon performed various tasks on the phantom such as cutting, dissection, pick-and-place and ring tower transfer. To assess the usefulness, usability and image quality of the system, the surgeon was subsequently interviewed using three structured questionnaires.

Results
All tasks were completed successfully. The low latency and high bandwidth of the network resulted into a latency of 18 ms for the motion commands while the video delay was about 350 ms. This enabled the surgeon to operate smoothly with a high-definition video from about 300 km away. The surgeon viewed the system’s usability in a neutral to positive way while the video image was rated as of good quality.

Conclusion
5 G networks provide significant advancement in the field of telecommunications, offering faster speeds and lower latency than previous generations of wireless technology. They can serve as an enabling technology for telesurgery and further advance its application and adoption.
Identifying Gut Microbiota associated with Gastrointestinal Symptoms upon Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Wijdeveld Madelief , van Olst Nienke , van der Vossen Eduard W. J. , de Brauw Maurits , Acherman Yair I. Z. , de Goffau Marcus C. , Gerdes Victor E. A. , Nieuwdorp Max 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses (RYGB) are frequently accompanied by long-term gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Direct mechanistic insight into the causation of these symptoms is lacking, but changes in the intestinal microbiome have been proposed to play a role. With this study, we aimed to investigate whether a microbial predisposition exists before RYGB which is associated with GI symptoms during follow-up and to evaluate which microbial groups are involved.

Materials and Methods
In total, 67 RYGB patients were included. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal samples obtained just before and 1 year after surgery. To assess GI symptoms, patients filled out Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) questionnaires and were divided into groups based on their total GIQLI score and change in score (postsurgery versus baseline). Extremely randomized tree predictor models were used to identify the most distinctive microbial species associated with postoperative GI symptoms.

Results
Beta diversity differed significantly between baseline and 1-year post-surgery samples, with the post-surgery microbiome resembling a more dysbiotic profile. The most predictive species regarding total GIQLI (AUC 0.77) or delta GIQLI score (AUC 0.83) were identified. Many of these species are known butyrate producers or species known to support them and/or species with anti-inflammatory properties, including Coprococcus eutactus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Ruminococcus callidus.

Conclusion
Beneficial commensal gut microbiota related to a high GI score were associated to adequate intestinal fermentative capacity, suggesting these species might have protective properties against postoperative GI malfunctioning.

Graphical Abstract
Whole-Genome Sequencing Among Kazakhstani Children with Early-Onset Epilepsy Revealed New Gene Variants and Phenotypic Variability
Authors: Bayanova Mirgul , Bolatov Aidos K. , Bazenova Assiya , Nazarova Lyazzat , Nauryzbayeva Alissa , Tanko Naanlep Matthew , Rakhimova Saule , Satvaldina Nazerke , Samatkyzy Diana , Kozhamkulov Ulan , Kairov Ulykbek , Akilzhanova Ainur , Sarbassov Dos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn Kazakhstan, there is insufficient data on genetic epilepsy, which has its own clinical and management implications. Thus, this study aimed to use whole genome sequencing to identify and evaluate genetic variants and genetic structure of early onset epilepsy in the Kazakhstani pediatric population. In this study, for the first time in Kazakhstan, whole genome sequencing was carried out among epilepsy diagnosed children. The study involved 20 pediatric patients with early onset epilepsy and no established cause of the disease during the July–December, 2021. The average age at enrolment was 34.5 months, with a mean age at seizure onset of 6 months. Six patients (30%) were male, and 7 were familial cases. We identified pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 14 (70%) cases, among them, 6 novel disease gene variants (KCNQ2, CASK, WWOX, MT-CO3, GRIN2D, and SLC12A5). Other genes associated with the disease were SCN1A (x2), SLC2A1, ARX, CACNA1B, PCDH19, KCNT1, and CHRNA2. Identification of the genetic causes in 70% of cases confirms the general structure of the etiology of early onset epilepsy and the necessity of using NGS in diagnostics. Moreover, the study describes new genotype-phenotypic correlations in genetic epilepsy. Despite certain limitations of the study, it can be concluded that the genetic etiology of pediatric epilepsy in Kazakhstan is very broad and requires further research.
Racial disparities among candidemic patients at a Southern California teaching hospital
Authors: Grant Victoria C. , Zhou Anna Y. , Tan Karen K. , Abdul-Mutakabbir Jacinda C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRacially and ethnically minoritized (REM) patients are disproportionately affected by infectious diseases, including candidemia. REM patients with candidemia were significantly younger, with trends toward more risk factors for candidemia and longer lengths of stay. Although Candida parapsilosis was more common in REM patients, there were no differences in mortality rates.
Lower bound for the expected supremum of fractional brownian motion using coupling
Authors: Bisewski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe derive a new theoretical lower bound for the expected supremum of drifted fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index
$H\in(0,1)$
over a (in)finite time horizon. Extensive simulation experiments indicate that our lower bound outperforms the Monte Carlo estimates based on very dense grids for
$H\in(0,\tfrac{1}{2})$
. Additionally, we derive the Paley–Wiener–Zygmund representation of a linear fractional Brownian motion in the general case and give an explicit expression for the derivative of the expected supremum at
$H=\tfrac{1}{2}$
in the sense of Bisewski, Dȩbicki and Rolski (2021).
Large deviations of extremal eigenvalues of sample covariance matrices
Authors: Uwamariya Denise , Yang Xiangfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLarge deviations of the largest and smallest eigenvalues of
$\mathbf{X}\mathbf{X}^\top/n$
are studied in this note, where
$\mathbf{X}_{p\times n}$
is a
$p\times n$
random matrix with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) sub-Gaussian entries. The assumption imposed on the dimension size p and the sample size n is
$p=p(n)\rightarrow\infty$
with
$p(n)={\mathrm{o}}(n)$
. This study generalizes one result obtained in [3].
Trends in measuring BMR and RMR after spinal cord injury: a comprehensive review
Authors: Alazzam Ahmad M. , Alrubaye Malak W. , Goldsmith Jacob A. , Gorgey Ashraf S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStudying factors that contribute to our understanding of maintaining normal energy balance are of paramount significance following spinal cord injury (SCI). Accurate determination of energy needs is crucial for providing nutritional guidance and managing the increasing prevalence of malnutrition or obesity after SCI. BMR represents 75–80 % of the total energy expenditure in persons with SCI. Accurately measuring BMR is an important component for calculating total energetic needs in this population. Indirect calorimetry is considered the gold-standard technique for measuring BMR. However, technical challenges may limit its applications in large cohort studies and alternatively rely on prediction equations. Previous work has shown that BMR changes in response to disuse and exercise in the range of 15–120 %. Factors including sex, level of injury and type of assistive devices may influence BMR after SCI. RMR is erroneously used interchangeably for BMR, which may result in overestimation of energetic intake when developing nutritional plans. To address this concern, we comprehensively reviewed studies that conducted BMR (n=15) and RMR (n=22) in persons with SCI. The results indicated that RMR is 9 % greater than BMR in persons with SCI. Furthermore, the SCI-specific prediction equations that incorporated measures of fat-free mass appeared to accurately predict BMR. Overall, the current findings highlighted the significance of measuring BMR as well as encouraging the research and clinical community to effectively establish countermeasures to combat obesity after SCI.
A River Runs through It: The Elbe, Socialist Security, and East Germany's Borders
Authors: Ault Julia E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article traces the course of the Elbe River from Czechoslovakia through the German Democratic Republic (GDR) into the Federal Republic, where it flows into the North Sea. As the GDR's main water artery, the Elbe's border crossings became a site of security concern for the GDR. Traversing the GDR's border with fellow communist state Czechoslovakia as well as its rival West German state, the river linked the GDR to a larger ecological system as well as transnational sociopolitical dynamics. These connections illuminated the GDR's crucial position in central Europe and beyond. Yet the Elbe also presented challenges for the GDR in terms of controlling information, people, and pollution that streamed into—and out of—the country. The river thus was a precious and contested resource that revealed the communist dictatorship's limited ability to control nature, humans, or interactions between the two. Ultimately, the Elbe's border crossings were a site of transnational and global connection that called into question the GDR's domestic legitimacy and international standing.
TOWARDS A NEW EDITION OF JULIAN'SCONTRA GALILAEOS: ASSESSING THE MATERIAL FROM THE SYRIAC TRANSMISSION OF CYRIL'SCONTRA IVLIANVM
Authors: Crawford Matthew R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEmperor Julian's three-book treatiseContra Galilaeossurvives solely in those Christian sources that quoted it in order to respond to its forceful attack on Christianity. The bulk of these survivals comes from Cyril of Alexandria's twenty-bookContra Iulianum. The recent publication of the first modern critical edition of Cyril's work creates the occasion for a fresh study of the remnants of Julian's text that can be recovered from it. This is especially true for Books 11–20 of Cyril's treatise that are themselves lost and survive only in quotations in later Greek and Syriac sources. The present article undertakes a reassessment of the Julianic material preserved via the Syriac transmission ofContra Iulianum, including several passages hitherto unknown or ignored in earlier studies of Julian's treatise. It provides the Syriac text and English translation of eight passages and contextualizes them in the wider argumentative aim ofContra Galilaeos.
Detecting and describing ramification for structured ring spectra
Authors: Höning Eva , Richter Birgit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractJohn Rognes developed a notion of Galois extension of commutative ring spectra, and this includes a criterion for identifying an extension as unramified. Ramification for commutative ring spectra can be detected by relative topological Hochschild homology and by topological André–Quillen homology. In the classical algebraic context, it is important to distinguish between tame and wild ramification. Noether’s theorem characterizes tame ramification in terms of a normal basis, and tame ramification can also be detected via the surjectivity of the trace map. For commutative ring spectra, we suggest to study the Tate construction as a suitable analog. It tells us at which integral primes there is tame or wild ramification, and we determine its homotopy type in examples in the context of topological K-theory and topological modular forms.
Research status of seed improvement in underutilized crops: prospects for enhancing food security
Authors: Adelabu D. B. , Franke A. C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlanning future directions and adapting approaches for seed improvement in underutilized crops requires the assessment of research activities. We have examined the trends and research activities conducted on seed improvement of underutilized crops. We identified research hotspots based on keywords and prolific research titles mapped across three decades (1990 to 2021). Data were compiled using Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases, loaded into the bibliometric R-package and viewed via VOSviewers software. In research on seed improvement among underutilized crops (SUC), we have observed 7.2% annual growth in publication and increase in the studies and citations. There were strong research publications with strong research links from studies conducted in USA, Canada, India, Nigeria and China, while South Africa and Egypt were among the African countries with high research studies in SUC. Among underutilized crops with improvement among their seed traits are sorghum, quinoa, Bambara groundnut, amaranth, barley, tef, cowpea and millet. Some of the trending research areas are genetic diversity, seed performance, seed domestication, yield, crop management, water use efficiency, nutritional properties, molecular strategies and genetic analysis tools for seed improvement. There is gradual increase for international collaborations and funding in SUC studies. The current research emphases are on qualitative studies, appropriate methodological procedures and advanced breeding resources to help understand and promote seed improvement among underutilized crops.
Extra-cardiac and complex Fontan baffle fenestration using radio frequency current via surgical electrocautery
Authors: Khan Asra , Qureshi Athar M. , Bansal Manish , Stapleton Gary , Webb Melissa K. , Lam Wilson , Eilers Lindsay , Singh Harinder R. , Gowda Srinath T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground:Fontan baffle punctures and creation of Fontan fenestration for cardiac catheterisation procedures remain challenging especially due to the heavy calcification of prosthetic material and complex anatomy.Objectives:We sought to evaluate our experience using radiofrequency current via surgical electrocautery needle for Fontan baffle puncture to facilitate diagnostic, electrophysiology, and interventional procedures.Methods:A retrospective chart review of all Fontan patients (pts) who underwent Fontan baffle puncture using radiofrequency energy via surgical electrocautery from three centres were performed from January 2011 to July 2021.Results:A total of 19 pts underwent 22 successful Fontan baffle puncture. The median age and weight were 17 (3–36 years) and 55 (14–88) kg, respectively. The procedural indications for Fontan fenestration creation included: diagnostic study (n = 1), atrial septostomy and stenting (n = 1), electrophysiology study and ablation procedures (n = 8), Fontan baffle stenting for Fontan failure including protein-losing enteropathy (n = 7), and occlusion of veno-venous collaterals (n = 2) for cyanosis. The type of Fontan baffles included: extra-cardiac conduits (n = 12), lateral tunnel (n = 5), classic atrio-pulmonary connection (n = 1), and intra-cardiac baffle (n = 1). A Fontan baffle puncture was initially attempted using traditional method in 6 pts and Baylis radiofrequency trans-septal system in 2 pts unsuccessfully. In all pts, Fontan baffle puncture using radiofrequency energy via electrocautery needle was successful. The radiofrequency energy utilised was (10–50 W) and required 1–5 attempts for 2–5 seconds. There were no vascular or neurological complications.Conclusions:Radiofrequency current delivery using surgical electrocautery facilitates Fontan baffle puncture in patients with complex and calcified Fontan baffles for diagnostic, interventional, and electrophysiology procedures.
Drop, Cover, and Hold On versus Fetal Position in the Triangle of Life to Survive in an Earthquake: A Delphi Study
Authors: Celikmen Mustafa Ferudun , Yilmaz Sarper , Tatliparmak Ali Cankut , Unal Colak Figen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjective:This study aims to determine and compare the effectiveness of Drop, Cover, and Hold On versus Fetal Position in the Triangle of Life regarding reducing casualties during earthquakes and establishing a consensus among medical search and rescue experts.Methods:In this study, the data collected from ten experienced medical search and rescue professionals were analyzed using a three-stage Delphi technique to compare Drop, Cover, and Hold On versus Fetal Position in the Triangle of Life.Results:At the end of the first round of Delphi, all of the experts mentioned the following factors: age, position, and surface area of the injured person. A victim’s time under rubble and the experience of search and rescue teams are two prominent factors related to search and rescue. After the earthquake simulation in the second round, mannequin damage rates were examined by opening rubble pavement and tunnels. Following the second round of ratings, a third round of questionnaires was administered. As part of this questionnaire, participants were asked to give a score from one to ten based on their level of agreement. Whether they agreed or disagreed with Fetal Position in the Triangle of Life and Drop, Cover, and Hold On using a ten-point Likert scale, and the agreement rates were measured and compared. Experts completed a comparison of the two positions in the third round.Conclusion:According to this expert consensus, the Fetal Position in the Triangle of Life has the following advantages over Drop, Cover, and Hold On: reduced surface area, less crush injuries, protection of a larger body part from injury, better protection from hypothermia, and better maintenance of basal metabolism.