bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical strategies for robust and inexpensive imaging of aqueous‐cleared tissues
Authors: Williams Rebecca M. , Bloom Jordana C. , Robertus Cara M. , Recknagel Andrew K. , Putnam David , Schimenti John C. , Zipfel Warren R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLightsheet microscopy offers an ideal method for imaging of large (mm–cm scale) biological tissues rendered transparent via optical clearing protocols. However the diversity of clearing technologies and tissue types, and how these are adapted to the microscope can make tissue mounting complicated and somewhat irreproducible. Tissue preparation for imaging can involve glues and or equilibration in a variety of expensive and/or proprietary formulations. Here we present practical advice for mounting and capping cleared tissues in optical cuvettes for macroscopic imaging, providing a standardised 3D cell that can be imaged routinely and relatively inexpensively. We show that acrylic cuvettes cause minimal spherical aberration with objective numerical apertures less than 0.65. Furthermore, we describe methods for aligning and assessing the light sheets, discriminating fluorescence from autofluorescence, identifying chromatic artefacts due to differential scattering and removing streak artefacts such that they do not confound downstream 3D object segmentation analyses, with mouse embryo, liver and heart imaging as demonstrated examples.
RETRACTED: Comparative effectiveness of low‐level laser therapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in symptomatic Temporomandibular Disorders: A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Batra Sakshi , Srivastava Adit , Shivakumar Ganiga Channaiah , Marrapodi Maria Maddalena , Herford Alan Scott , Cicciù Marco , Minervini Giuseppe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMyofascial pain is one of the most common facial region pains, presenting itself with various signs and symptoms like tenderness of masticatory muscles and difficulty in mouth opening. Considering its multifactorial aetiology various treatment modalities are present.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) for the patients of temporomandibular disorders (TMDS).MethodsThe study was conducted with 20 patients diagnosed with TMDS. Group A received LLLT at 660 nm, 6 J/point, two sessions/week for 4 weeks and group B received TENS at 2–250 Hz, two sessions/week for 4 weeks.ResultsPain Score decreased and mouth opening increased in both groups with time, however, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Right and left lateral excursions showed improvement at different intervals in both groups. However, the LLLT group showed significant improvement.ConclusionClinical trial showed improvement in visual analogue scale (VAS), maximum mouth opening (MMO) and lateral excursion in the different time intervals in both the groups with LLLT showed more improvement with lateral excursions movements.
Research on microstructural‐mechanical and shearing properties of castor seed during mechanical extraction
Authors: Yang Liu , Cui Bo , Chen Huan , Fan Yuchao , Zhang Yonglin , Song Shaoyun , Yin Qiang , Zhao Gang , Hao Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCastor seed oil, as an important biomass fuel, has attracted extensive attention worldwide due to inclusive applications. Castor seed screw mechanical extraction is in fact seed shear damage and oil output. Seed shearing mechanism has been investigated with a developed tribometer. Influences of pressing load, shearing speed, roller roughness were analyzed. Castor seed structural damage was in‐situ observed with optical microscope, and in‐depth analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. The results reveal that shear interaction can be divided into three stages: coat damage, transition shearing and endosperm oil output. Seed shear mechanism includes coat peeling, endosperm plowing, tissue transferring and oil lubrication. High pressing load leads to more damage of coat and endosperm, causing more oil to flow out. With shearing speed increasing, coat is easily peeled, obvious endosperm shear plowing and oil lubrication happened in contact area. Coat damage by high roughness leads more oil output. Castor oil enters the contact area and work as lubricant, leading to the decrease of friction resistance.
Combined cervical and thoracic spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain: A systematic literature review
Authors: Tan Hao , Elkholy Mohamed A. , Raslan Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is conventionally placed at either cervical or thoracic spinal regions to treat chronic pain. However, for patients with multiarea pain, concomitant cervical and thoracic SCS (ctSCS) may be necessary to provide sufficient coverage. It remains unknown whether ctSCS is effective and safe. Thus, we aimed to survey the existing literature and assess the efficacy and safety of ctSCS.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines to investigate pain, functional, and safety outcomes related to ctSCS. Articles between 1990 and 2022 available through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were included if they assessed these outcomes in the context of ctSCS. Data extracted from articles included study type, number of ctSCS implantations, stimulation parameters, indications for implantation, complications, and frequency. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsThree primary studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, ctSCS was effective in providing analgesia. Pain severity was captured with patient‐reported pain scales and changes in analgesic requirements. Various metrics were used to quantify quality of life and functional outcomes. Failed back surgery syndrome was the most common indication for ctSCS implantation. Implanted pulse generator pocket pain was the most common postoperative adverse event.ConclusionsDespite the limited evidence available, ctSCS seems to be effective and generally well tolerated. The dearth of relevant primary literature illustrates a knowledge gap, and future studies are needed to better clarify the efficacy and safety profile of this SCS variant.
Early Childbearing and Child Marriage: An Update
Authors: Molitoris Joseph , Kantorová Vladimíra , Ezdi Sehar , Gonnella Giulia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEliminating child marriage is seen by policy makers and advocates as a path toward reducing births to girls below age 18, as most early births have been previously found to occur within marriage. There has been little recent evidence, however, of the marital context in which early childbearing occurs or how this relationship varies across space and levels of development. Using survey and vital registration data covering approximately 95 percent of the world's births to mothers younger than 18 years, we estimated the share of first births that occur within marriage at the global, regional and national levels. We found that more than half of births to mothers below age 18 worldwide take place in sub‐Saharan Africa, and this share will continue to grow. Globally, 76 percent of first births to mothers below age 18 occur within marriage and there are large regional differences. Over the past two decades, the share of first births to mothers below age 18 occurring within marriage declined in most countries with data available, but there are important exceptions. Although most first births to women below age 18 occur following seven months of marriage, the sequencing of child marriage and early childbearing varies widely across countries.
On the Lie algebra structure of integrable derivations
Authors: Briggs Benjamin , Rubio y Degrassi Lleonard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBuilding on work of Gerstenhaber, we show that the space of integrable derivations on an Artin algebra forms a Lie algebra, and a restricted Lie algebra if contains a field of characteristic . We deduce that the space of integrable classes in forms a (restricted) Lie algebra that is invariant under derived equivalences, and under stable equivalences of Morita type between self‐injective algebras. We also provide negative answers to questions about integrable derivations posed by Linckelmann and by Farkas, Geiss and Marcos. Along the way, we compute the first Hochschild cohomology of the group algebra of any symmetric group.
An Experimental Comparison of Cyclic Variations in Diesel–Natural Gas and POMDME–Natural Gas Dual Fuel Combustion
Authors: Narayanan Abhinandhan , Hariharan Deivanayagam , Krishnan Sundar , Srinivasan Kalyan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cyclic variations in internal combustion engines are caused by various factors, including combustion mixture stratification, in-cylinder flows, local fluctuations in air-fuel ratio, etc. Cyclic variations have a profound impact on engine performance and emissions. In this study, cyclic variations in dual fuel combustion are analyzed, comparing diesel–natural gas (NG) and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (POMDME)-NG dual fuel combustion. Cyclic variability was initially quantified using the coefficient of variation of gross indicated mean effective pressure (IMEPg) computed from experimental cylinder pressure data. The cases analyzed in this study had a coefficient of variation (COV) of IMEPg greater than or around 5%, which was the lower limit of onset of instability for this engine. Experiments were performed at two fixed start of injection (SOI) of high-cetane fuel: 310 CAD and 350 CAD. For all experiments, a constant load of 5 bar IMEPg was maintained, and the intake boost pressure and rail pressure were fixed at 1.5 bar and 500 bar, respectively. For each case, 1000 cycles of cylinder pressure data were recorded, filtered, and processed using an in-house heat release analysis code for each cycle. A comparison between individual cycles and the “ensemble averaged cycle” was made for both diesel–NG and POMDME–NG combustion. For the early SOI of 310 CAD, the peak cylinder pressure fluctuations of individual cycle were found to be ± 15 bar for both fuel combinations, compared to the ensemble averaged cycle, and &lt; 1/10th of the cycles had an IMEPg lower than 0.05 bar of the ensemble averaged cycle. However, the peak pressure fluctuations were found to be lower for POMDME–NG (±3 bar) than diesel–NG dual fuel combustion at 350 CAD SOI, indicating lower cyclic variations. The higher reactivity of POMDME helped reduce fluctuations in combustion phasing at the retarded SOI. The presence of cycles of deterioration and cycles of recovery were also observed with diesel–NG combustion for 310 CAD SOI, and the scatter in the IMEPg return map was similar for both fuel combinations. The IMEPg return map for POMDME–NG combustion was less scattered at the 350 CAD SOI.
Blade Strain Peak Localization Method With Single Transducer During Multimode Vibration
Authors: Zhu Yuda , Wang Yanan , Qiao Baijie , Luo Xianqiang , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The dynamic strain/stress measurement of blades provides an effective method to anticipate fatigue life and investigate of failure causes. Unlike the blade strain peak is fixed during singlemode, which can be measured by a single transducer, the strain peak distribution changes over time and space during multimode vibration situations. The existing method reconstructs the full-field strain to find the peak point with multiple transducers. In this work, a single transducer-based full-field dynamic strain reconstruction technique is presented to find the strain peak position on rotor blades. First, the mode response is obtained by separating the measured response from a single strain gauge based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition. Second, based on the strain mode shape from the finite element model, the reconstructed strain transmissibility matrix is created between a single measured location and the full field. Third, the dynamic strain of the blade can be reconstructed at any location and time by combining the separated mode response with the RST matrix. Finally, the strain peak localization is identified according to the distribution of full-field dynamic strain during multimode vibration. The above process is verified by experimental data from rotor blades with the maximum error of reconstructed strain below 12% and three explicitly recognized strain peak positions.
Insights into the role of HIV-1 Vpu in modulation of NF-ĸB signaling pathways
Authors: Zhang Robert Z. , Kane Melissa 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

HIV-1 inhibits the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) to prevent the induction of a proinflammatory state but also activates the NF-κB pathway to promote viral transcription. Thus, optimal regulation of this pathway is important for the viral life cycle. In recent work, Pickering et al
.
(3) demonstrate that HIV-1 viral protein U has contrasting effects on the two distinct paralogs of β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP1 and β-TrCP2) and that this interaction has important implications for the regulation of both the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. Additionally, the authors identified the viral requirements for the dysregulation of β-TrCP. In this commentary, we discuss how these findings further our understanding of how the NF-κB pathway functions during viral infection.
Ergosterol distribution controls surface structure formation and fungal pathogenicity
Authors: Choy Hau Lam , Gaylord Elizabeth A. , Doering Tamara L. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Ergosterol, the major sterol in fungal membranes, is critical for defining membrane fluidity and regulating cellular processes. Although ergosterol synthesis has been well defined in model yeast, little is known about sterol organization in the context of fungal pathogenesis. We identified a retrograde sterol transporter, Ysp2, in the opportunistic fungal pathogen
Cryptococcus neoformans
. We found that the lack of Ysp2 under host-mimicking conditions leads to abnormal accumulation of ergosterol at the plasma membrane, invagination of the plasma membrane, and malformation of the cell wall, which can be functionally rescued by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis with the antifungal drug fluconazole. We also observed that cells lacking Ysp2 mislocalize the cell surface protein Pma1 and have abnormally thin and permeable capsules. As a result of perturbed ergosterol distribution and its consequences,
ysp2
∆ cells cannot survive in physiologically relevant environments such as host phagocytes and are dramatically attenuated in virulence. These findings expand our knowledge of cryptococcal biology and underscore the importance of sterol homeostasis in fungal pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE

Cryptococcus neoformans
is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that kills over 100,000 people worldwide each year. Only three drugs are available to treat cryptococcosis, and these are variously limited by toxicity, availability, cost, and resistance. Ergosterol is the most abundant sterol in fungi and a key component in modulating membrane behavior. Two of the drugs used for cryptococcal infection, amphotericin B and fluconazole, target this lipid and its synthesis, highlighting its importance as a therapeutic target. We discovered a cryptococcal ergosterol transporter, Ysp2, and demonstrated its key roles in multiple aspects of cryptococcal biology and pathogenesis. These studies demonstrate the role of ergosterol homeostasis in
C. neoformans
virulence, deepen our understanding of a pathway with proven therapeutic importance, and open a new area of study.
APOEgenotypes modify the obesity paradox in dementia
Authors: Shinohara Mitsuru , Gheni Ghupurjan , Hitomi Junichi , Bu Guojun , Sato Naoyuki 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundWhile obesity in midlife is a risk factor for dementia, several studies suggested that obesity also protected against dementia, hence so-called obesity paradox. The current study aims to address the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and obesity in dementia.MethodsClinical and neuropathological records of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) in the USA, which longitudinally followed approximately 20 000 subjects with different cognitive statues,APOEgenotype and obesity states, were reviewed.ResultsObesity was associated with cognitive decline in early elderly cognitively normal individuals withoutAPOE4, especially those withAPOE2. Neuropathological analyses adjusted for dementia status showed thatAPOE2carriers tended to have more microinfarcts and haemorrhages due to obesity. On the other hand, obesity was associated with a lower frequency of dementia and less cognitive impairment in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Such trends were particularly strong inAPOE4carriers. Obesity was associated with fewer Alzheimer’s pathologies in individuals with dementia.ConclusionsObesity may accelerate cognitive decline in middle to early elderly cognitive normal individuals withoutAPOE4likely by provoking vascular impairments. On the other hand, obesity may ease cognitive impairment in both individuals with dementia and individuals at the predementia stage, especially those withAPOE4, through protecting against Alzheimer’s pathologies. These results support thatAPOEgenotype modifies the obesity paradox in dementia.
Does the impact of peripheral nerve blocks vary by age and comorbidity subgroups? A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Zhong Haoyan , Poeran Jashvant , Cozowicz Crispiana , Athanassoglou Vassilis , Illescas Alex , Memtsoudis Stavros G , Liu Jiabin 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionA large body of literature suggests that peripheral nerve blockade (PNB) is associated with improved perioperative outcomes in total hip and knee joint arthroplasty patients. However, it is unclear to what extent this association exists across patient subgroups based on age and health status.MethodsPatients who underwent total joint arthroplasty were identified from the Premier Healthcare database (2006–2019). Mixed-effects models were applied to assess the relationship between exposure of interest (PNB use on the day of surgery) and various outcomes (postoperative respiratory complications, acute renal failure, delirium, intensive care unit admission, prolonged length of stay, and high opioid consumption) across multiple subgroups stratified by patient age and pre-existing comorbidities.ResultsPNB use and outcome association varies based on the patient’s health and age characteristics. For adults and older adults with excellent or fair, there was a decrease in the likelihood of respiratory complication with the use of PNB (OR: 0.92, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.98; OR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.95; OR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.99, respectively). Peripheral nerve blocks were also associated with a reduction in the odds of high opioid consumption across all categories except adult patients in poor health.ConclusionPNB use is associated with beneficial effects more commonly observed among patients with a lower comorbidity burden, without a clear pattern of association with patient age.
Combined erector spinae plane block with surgical intercostal nerve cryoablation for Nuss procedure is associated with decreased opioid use and length of stay
Authors: Aranda-Valderrama Paola , Greenberg Robert S , Vecchione Tricia M , Finney Amanda G , Prichett Laura M , Vanderhoek Samuel M 
Published: July 2023

Background and objectivesPain management for patients undergoing the Nuss procedure for treatment of pectus excavatum can be challenging. In an effort to improve pain management, our institution added bilateral single injection erector spinae plane (ESP) blocks to surgeon placed intercostal nerve cryoablation. We aimed to assess the efficacy of this practice change.MethodsRetrospective clinical data from a single academic medical center were evaluated. Due to an institutional change in clinical management, we were able to perform a before and after study. Twenty patients undergoing Nuss procedure who received bilateral ultrasound-guided single-shot T6 level ESP blocks and intercostal nerve cryoablation were compared with a historical control cohort of 20 patients who underwent Nuss procedure with intercostal nerve cryoablation alone. The primary outcome variables included postoperative pain scores, total hospital opioid use, and hospital length of stay.ResultsMedian total hospital intravenous morphine milligram equivalents was lower for the ESP group than for the control group (0.60 (IQR 0.35–0.88) vs 1.15 mg/kg (IQR 0.74–1.68), p<0.01). There was no difference in postoperative pain scores between the two groups. Mean hospital length of stay was 2.45 (SD 0.69) days for the control group and 1.95 (SD 0.69) days for the ESP group (p=0.03). No adverse events related to block placement were identified.ConclusionsIn a single-center academic practice, the addition of bilateral single injection ESP blocks at T6 to surgeon performed cryoablation reduced opioid consumption without a change in subjectively reported pain scores. The results from this pilot study can provide effect size estimates to guide the design of future randomized trials.
Testing neutrino dipole portal by long-lived particle detectors at the LHC
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Yu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe discuss the potential of using detectors aimed for searching long-lived particles (LLP) at the high-luminosity LHC run, to probe the neutrino dipole models. This is achieved by taking the heavy neutral leptons (HNL) of the models as candidates of the LLPs. Taking into account the dipole couplings to the weak bosons, $$d_{W,Z}$$

d

W
,
Z

, which control the production of the HNLs at the LHC, we discuss the reach on the electromagnetic dipole couplings, $$d_\gamma $$

d
γ

, by searching for a single high-energy photon at LLP detectors. Four typical scenarios are considered in this paper, scenario A, B with $$d_{W}=0$$

d
W

=
0

or $$d_{Z}=0$$

d
Z

=
0

, and scenario C, D with $$d_{W,Z}\gg d_\gamma $$

d

W
,
Z

≫

d
γ

. We show the sensitivity on $$d_\gamma $$

d
γ

, can be fairly different depending on the relations between the $$d_{W,Z}$$

d

W
,
Z

and $$d_\gamma $$

d
γ

. And the LLP detectors can potentially extend the sensitivity on dipole couplings during the high-luminosity runs of the LHC in certain scenarios.
Rotating BTZ-like black hole and central charges in Einstein-bumblebee gravity
Authors: Ding Chikun , Shi Yu , Chen Jun , Zhou Yuebing , Liu Changqing , Xiao Yuehua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe obtain an exact rotating BTZ-like black hole solution by solving the corresponding gravitational field equations and the bumblebee motion equations in Einstein-bumblebee gravity theory. Result is presented for the purely radial Lorentz symmetry violating and can only exist with a linear functional potential of the bumblebee field. This black hole has two horizons and an ergosphere which are dependent on the bumblebee coupling constant $$\ell $$
ℓ
. The concepts of the area and volume of the horizon should be renewed in this LV spacetime due to the nontrivial contribution of coupling between the bumblebee field and the Ricci tensor. Only in this way, the entropy-area relation, first law of thermodynamics and the Smarr formula can still be constructed. We also study the AdS/CFT correspondence of this black hole, find that the entropy product of its inner and outer horizons is universal. So the central charges of the dual CFT on the boundary can be obtained via the thermodynamic method, and they can reappear black hole mass and angular momentum in the bulk.