bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigen-specific suppressor T cell interactions. I. Induction of an MHC-restricted suppressor factor specific for L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50.
Authors: Kapp J A , Araneo B A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The synthetic polymers L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) and L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT) stimulate specific suppressor T cells in certain strains of mice. Extracts from these T cells contain factors (TsF) that inhibit GAT- or GT-specific antibody responses by normal spleen cells or proliferative responses by primed T cells. We constructed T cell hybridomas that constitutively produce GAT-TsF or GT-TsF, which functionally and serologically are identical to factors extracted from suppressor T cells. In this report we demonstrate that monoclonal GT-TsF can induce specific unresponsiveness in vivo or in vitro and that this unresponsiveness is due to development of second-order antigen-specific suppressor T cells. T cell hybridomas were constructed by fusion of BW5147 with GT-TsF1 induced second-order suppressor T cells and clones that produced suppressor factor (GT-TsF2) were isolated and characterized. GT-TsF2 differs from the GT-TsF1 used to induce it in that GT-TsF1 acts across allogeneic barriers whereas GT-TsF2 does not. This restriction is controlled by genes in the H-2 gene complex and maps to the I-J subregion. GT-TsF2 is antigen-specific in suppressive activity and also in its antigen-binding site(s). Thus, GT-TsF2 closely resembles the carrier-specific, I-J+, genetically restricted factor described by Tada and his colleagues. Because GT-TsF2 was induced by GT-TsF1, we suggest cells producing GT-TsF1 are an early cell in the pathway of suppression, and that this cell is required for the activation of antigen-specific, MHC-restricted TsF.
T cell clones restricted to "hybrid" HLA-D antigens?
Authors: Hansen G S , Svejgaard A , Claësson M H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The genetics of T lymphocyte/accessory cell interactions were studied by using antigen-specific monoclonal T cell lines from human peripheral blood and X-irradiated non-T cells (E rosette-depleted) as accessory cells. The T cell lines were obtained by expanding single colonies from soft agar-cloned E rosette-positive lymphocytes, previously incubated for 3 days in liquid culture with 30% autologous X-irradiated non-T cells and antigen (PPD). When investigated with both autologous and allogeneic accessory cells of various HLA-D genotype, different sets of PPD-specific T cell lines were obtained from HLA-D heterozygous individuals; two sets restricted to each one of the two HLA-D antigens, and a third set responding to PPD only when presented by accessory cells carrying both HLA-D antigens possessed by the T cell donor. A few cell lines responded to PPD only in the presence of autologous accessory cells.
Identification of the T cell subset that produces human gamma interferon.
Authors: O'Malley J A , Nussbaum-Blumenson A , Sheedy D , Grossmayer B J , Ozer H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Positive and negative selection procedures combined with cytofluorographic analysis and lysis with monoclonal antibodies were utilized to identify the T lymphocyte subset that produces human gamma interferon (gamma-IFN) (formerly referred to as "immune" or "type II" interferon) in response to mitogen stimulation. Lymphocytes were separated on the basis of their Fc receptors for IgG or IgM, their nonreactivity with IgM or IgG antibodies, and their reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies OKT4, OKT8, OKT11a, and OKM1. Isolated T cell subsets were incubated with the gamma-IFN inducer, phytohemagglutinin. Three days after induction, the cell supernatants were harvested and assayed for interferon. The T cell subset that produces gamma-IFN was identified as E rosette positive with the phenotype: T gamma, T non-micro, OKM1+, OKT4-, OKT8- and OKT11a+. gamma-IFN production by cells was resistant to doses of x-irradiation that abrogate mitogen-induced T suppressor function but was highly sensitive to low doses of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. These data demonstrate that gamma-IFN is produced by the T gamma, OKM1+ lymphocyte subset, but these cells may also require the presence of accessory monocytes for elaboration of gamma-IFN. The anti-proliferative activity of gamma-IFN may be responsible for the previously described suppressor function of this subset, and gamma-IFN production by T gamma cells may distinguish this subset from the suppressor/cytotoxic functions of the OKT8+ subset or the mitogen-induced OKT4+ suppressor.
Antigen receptors on murine T lymphocytes in contact sensitivity. II. Presentation and characterization of syngeneic anti-idiotype serum against DNFB-sensitized T cells.
Authors: Moorhead J W , Sy M S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This manuscript describes the preparation and characterization of a syngeneic antiserum raised in BALB/c mice against nylon wool-purified lymph node (LN) T cells from 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene- (DNFB) sensitized BALB/c mice. This antiserum (anti-T DH-DNP) plus complement blocks the ability of LN or purified T cells from DNFB-sensitized donors to transfer immunity to naive recipients. The inhibitory activity of the serum is due to antibodies; these antibodies have specificity for idiotype (Id) determinants as shown by their ability to bind to purified mouse anti-DNP antibodies but not to rabbit anti-DNP or normal mouse Ig. Inhibition of transfer of immunity by the anti-Id serum is not restricted by either H-2 gene products or Igh-1 allotypes. The antiserum is antigen specific when tested on LN cells from oxazolone-sensitized mice, but has a low level of cross-reactivity against T cells from 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene- (TNCB) sensitized mice. In addition, it was shown that naturally occurring anti-Id antibodies, epsilon-DNP-L-lysine, or DNP-protein (but not NIP-protein) and the anti-Id in syngeneic anti-T DH-DNP serum compete for similar binding sites on DNFB-immune T cells. We interpret these findings to indicate that immunization of mice with T cells from DNFB-sensitized syngeneic mice induces the production of anti-Id antibodies. These anti-Id antibodies are specific for determinants expressed on the T cell receptor or receptor subsite that is specific for the hapten DNP.
Acceptor site(s) for T cell-replacing factor (TRF) on B lymphocytes. II. Activation of B cells by cross-linkage or aggregation of the TRF acceptor molecule.
Authors: Tominaga A , Takatsu K , Hamaoka T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An in vitro experimental system was established to demonstrate the TRF-substituting activity of an alloantiserum raised in TRF low-responder (DBA2/2Ha x BALB/c)(DC)F, male mice against TRF high-responder parental BALB/c B cells. The TRF substituting activity of the antiserum was apparent in that anti-Thy-1 plus C-treated, DNP-primed B cells from TRF high-responder mice were effectively stimulated, whereas B cells from TRF low-responder DBA/2Ha mice were not, as evidenced by the induction of secondary anti-DNP IgG PFC responses. The specificity of the reaction of the antibody with a component present on the TRF high-responder B cells was also substantiated by the fact that antibody activity was virtually eliminated by absorption with B cells from various TRF high-responder mice but not by TRF low-responder DBA/2Ha B cells. The IgG fraction of antiserum and the F(ab')2 and Fab' fragments of the antibody, which possess a comparable reactivity in regard to the TRF acceptor site(s), were prepared, and analysis of the B cell-triggering mechanism by the antibody was carried out. The results revealed that both the IgG fraction and F(ab')2 fragment, but not the monovalent Fab' fragment, demonstrated effective TRF-substituting activity, indicating that cross-linkage or aggregation of the TRF acceptor site(s) may give rise to differentiation signals to the B cells.
Detection of a tumor-associated antigen on the surface of human myelogenous leukemia cells.
Authors: Malcolm A J , Shipman R C , Levy J G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Membrane extracts of human acute myelogenous leukemia cells were passed over immunoadsorbent columns containing antibodies directed to equivalent preparations of pooled normal peripheral blood leukocytes. This material, when compared to equivalent normal cell preparations on nonreducing polyacrylamide gels, demonstrated the presence of four unique bands, not found in normal cell preparations. With the use of a previously described leukemia-specific heteroantiserum, these bands, after elution, were tested for reactivity with the antiserum. The eluted material containing reactive antigen was used to immunize rabbits. The resulting antiserum showed strong reactivity with myelogenous leukemic cells extracts and none with normal materials. A series of bone marrow samples from patients with a variety of lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders were tested with this antiserum in the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. In every instance, bone marrow cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia showed strong positive fluorescence with this antiserum. However, no bone marrow cells from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders or patients with other leukemias showed any fluorescence above background with this antiserum.
Eosinophil peroxidase-mediated inactivation of leukotrienes B4, C4, and D4.
Authors: Henderson W R , Jörg A , Klebanoff S J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The slow-reacting substance (SRS) bioactivity of leukotrienes C4 (LTC4) and D4 (LTD4) was rapidly decreased by incubation with eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), H2O2, and iodide, bromide, or to a lesser degree, chloride, LTB4 chemotactic activity was also decreased by the EPO-H2-H2-halide system, although at a slower rate. Myeloperoxidase could substitute for EPO in these reactions. Leukotriene inactivation was greatly decreased or abolished by deletion of any of the components of the system or by the addition of the hemeprotein inhibitors, azide, cyanide, or aminotriazole, indicating a requirement for peroxidase. The H2O2 concentration employed in the above studies was 10(-4) M. H2O2 at higher concentrations (5 x 10(-4) to 10(-2) M) inactivated LTC4 and LTD4 in the absence of EPO and a halide but had no effect on the chemotactic activity of LTB4. We have previously shown that horse eosinophils stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187 generate SRS. In the present study, eosinophils stimulated in this way were found to release extracellularly both H2O2 and EPO. Incubation of eosinophils with azide that inhibits EPO, and catalase that degrades H2O2, significantly increased the amount of SRS activity detected in the extracellular medium after A23187 stimulation. These findings suggests eosinophils may play an important modulating role in hypersensitivity reactions both by the production of leukotrienes and by their inactivation through the release of H2O2 and EPO.
H-2 effects on cell-cell interactions in the response to single non-H-2 alloantigens. V. Effects of H-2Kb mutations on presentation of H-4 and H-3 alloantigens.
Authors: Wettstein P J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of a panel of H-2Kb mutants on the presentation of the non-H-2 histocompatibility (H) antigens H-4.2 and H-3.1 to antigen-specific T cells were examined. Kb-restricted cytotoxic effector T cells were presented with H-4.2 and H-3.1 in the context of mutant Kb alleles. H-4.2 was differentially presented by Kb mutants to Kb-restricted cytotoxic effectors. Cold target inhibition analysis demonstrated that Kb-restricted, H-4.2-specific cytotoxic effectors recognized H-4.2 in the context of at least three restriction sites on the Kb molecule. One site is specific for Kb alone, whereas two additional sites are differentially expressed by Kb mutant molecules. The effect of Kb mutations on the presentation of H-4.2 and H-3.1 was H antigen-specific. Identical, respective patterns of presentation of H-4.2 and H-3.1 by Kb mutants were observed with Kb-restricted T cells proliferating in secondary mixed lymphocyte culture. Further, individual mice varied in their preference for H-3.1 presented in the context of different Kb mutant molecules. These observations demonstrate that the presentation of H antigens by mutant Kb molecules is antigen-specific; analysis of presentation of H antigen by mutants to wild-type Kb-restricted effectors allows the identification of multiple restriction sites on the Kb molecule.
A new murine cell surface differentiation antigen (Leugp90) defined by a rat monoclonal antibody: cellular distribution and biochemical characterization.
Authors: Moldenhauer G , Haustein D , Hüppe T , Wagner A , Hartmann K U 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies to murine lymphocyte differentiation antigens were generated by fusing the mouse myeloma cell line X63-Ag8.653 with spleen cells derived from Lewis rats hyperimmunized with lymphoid cells from nude (C57BL/6) mice. One of these antibodies--designated 3MB1--recognizes a previously undescribed cell surface antigen. This antigen is expressed on 62% of spleen cells, 9% of thymus cells, and 98% of peritoneal macrophages. Virtually all LPS- and Con A-induced lymphoblasts carry this newly found antigen. The 3MB1 determinant is limited in its expression to leukocytes. It is not found in other tissues such as brain, liver, kidney, or on erythrocytes. Biochemical analysis reveals that the 3MB1 target antigen consists of a single chain glycoprotein with an approximate m.w. of 90,000.
Ultrastructure of human natural killer cells: nature of the cytolytic contacts in relation to cellular secretion.
Authors: Carpen O , Virtanen I , Saksela E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ultrastructure of human NK cells, NK/target cell conjugates, and the effect of monensin, a secretion inhibitor, were studied. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes, highly enriched (75 to 85%) in large granular lymphocytes (LGL), which are known to be the mediators of human NK activity, were used as effectors, and K562 cells as targets. LGL-type of cells were characterized in electron microscopy by a low nucleocytoplasmic ratio, indented nucleus, several large mitochondria, prominent Golgi apparatus, and cytoplasmic osmiophilic granules bound by a unit membrane. Their surface was of intermediate villous type. Two types of effector/target contacts were seen: either effector cell protrusions were pushed deep into pouches and lacunae of the target cell surface, or a wide area of intimate cell-to-cell contact was formed. The contact formation was followed by polarization of the effector cell Golgi apparatus towards the contact area. Monensin, a carboxylic ionophore, which interrupts the vesicular traffic of Golgi-derived vacuoles to the cell surface, caused an accumulation of cytoplasmic vesicles in the LGL but had no effect on the effector/target contact formation. Monensin inhibited the NK lysis apparently via cessation of secretion by the LGL. It did not affect the viability of the effector cells. The lytic steps of human NK cells thus involve binding to the target cell, polarization of cytoplasmic organelles towards the target, and apparently a precisely directed exocytosis of secretory material.
Isolation and characterization of circulating feline leukemia virus-immune complexes from plasma of persistently infected pet cats removed by ex vivo immunosorption.
Authors: Snyder H W , Jones F R , Day N K , Hardy W D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
IgG and circulating IgG immune complexes (CIC) were purified from plasma of three pet cats persistently infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) by adsorption to, and elution from, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I. CIC were then separated from free IgG by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and were analyzed for the presence of FeLV structural proteins and corresponding specific antibodies. Radioimmunoprecipitation analysis indicated that FeLV envelope (gp70) and major core (p30) proteins, along with cat IgG heavy and light chains, were present in the CIC from all three cats. Further analysis of the CIC from one of the cats also revealed the presence of FeLV core proteins p15 and p12. IgG purified from isolated CIC was also shown to bind specifically to purified FeLV gp70, p30, and p15. These data provide direct evidence for FeLV-specific CIC in the plasma of persistently viremic pet cats, and suggest these animals are immunologically response to the virus even though free antibodies against the major structural proteins cannot be demonstrated in standard assays.
Heterogeneity of the natural humoral anti-tumor immune response in mice as shown by monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: Colnaghi M I , Menard S , Tagliabue E , Torre G D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Four anti-tumor cytotoxic antibodies, namely, A6 of the IgG2 class and B3, C2, and D1 of the IgM class, were obtained in monoclonal form, from hybridization of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of normal untreated mice selected for high natural anti-tumor immune responses. The specificity of the four monoclonals was tested by complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay on the reference EL4 lymphoma at different days of in vivo transplant, on normal adult and fetal tissues, on the SC-1 fibroblastic cell line uninfected or infected with a murine ecotropic type-C virus, and on a panel of murine lymphomas of different origin. The four antibodies had different specificities: the A6 and B3 recognized virus-related structures, the C2 a structure expressed on fetal cells, and the D1 a normal component of fibroblasts. The different classes and specificities of the four monoclonals, as well as their in vitro-demonstrated synergistic cooperation, give support to the hypothesis that the natural humoral anti-tumor cytotoxic immune response could be the result of the cooperative activity of an array of heterogeneous antibody molecules.
Two isoallergens of short ragweed component Ra5.
Authors: Roebber M , Klapper D G , Marsh D G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two isoallergenic forms of short ragweed (Ambrosia elatior) allergen Ra5 were isolated in ultrapure form by a combination of molecular sieving (through Amicon hollow-fiber cartridges), cation-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The two forms, Ra5A and Ra5B, exhibited charge differences by CM-Sephadex chromatography and agarose electrophoresis at pH 8.5. The A form as identical to conventional Ra5 by its physical and chemical properties and was more cationic than the previously undescribed B form. Ra5A and Ra5B had identical m.w. of 5000 by SDS-PAGE. Their amino-terminal sequences of 30 residues showed no differences from each other or from the previously published sequence of the major form of Ra5. The two forms were antigenically indistinguishable when using hyperimmunized animal antisera to Ra5 and crude ragweed extract. Although the IgG and IgE ab of most Ra5-responder patients could not discriminate between the two Ra5 forms, significant small differences in binding to Ra5A and Ra5B were consistently observed in 10 to 15% of the patients studied. Further analysis of the Ra5A preparation suggested a purity of at least 99.5% and probably greater than or equal to 99.9%.
Serum IgM-bound secretory component (sIgM) in liver diseases: comparative molecular state of the secretory component in serum and bile.
Authors: Delacroix D L , Jonard P , Dive C , Vaerman J P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The sera of 15 patients with liver disease and high serum concentrations of secretory component (SC) were analyzed by density gradient ultracentrifugation and radioimmunoassays for SC, IgA, and IgM to determine the molecular state of SC and IgA. Results in serum were compared to those obtained by simultaneous analysis of bile in five of the patients, and to those in serum and bile of a case of total IgA deficiency. Free SC was virtually not found in sera, although it was well represented in all bile, up to 88 and 97% of total bile SC in a case of complete biliary obstruction and in IgA deficiency, respectively. IgM-bound SC was found in all sera, amounting to 91% and 100% of total serum SC, respectively, in a case of acute hepatitis with a very high serum IgM concentration and in IgA deficiency. The proportions of SC bound to IgM and to polymeric IgA (p-IgA) in the sera correlated with their IgM/p-IgA molar ratio. This suggests that during liver disease, the hepatobiliary tissues could release free SC into the circulation, where it binds to p-IgA and IgM according to their respective concentrations and affinities for SC. The proportion of p-IgA in serum was not increased in four cases of biliary obstruction, in contrast to our cases of cirrhosis and acute hepatitis, indirectly supporting a minor transfer of p-IgA from blood to bile in humans, in contrast to rats and rabbits.
Differential interference by azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine with antibody-mediated immunoregulation: synergism of azathioprine and antibody in the control of an immune response.
Authors: Medzihradsky J L , Klein C , Elion G B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Comparative studies on the effects of immunosuppressive agents azathioprine (AZ) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in antibody-mediated immunoregulation are reported. To determine the degree of interference of these agents with the generation of antibody molecules controlling an anti-SRBC response, the donors of mouse anti-SRBC sera were given daily doses of the drugs. Primary antisera from AZ-treated donors were not significantly inhibited by daily doses of 180, 270, and 360 mumol/kg in their ability to suppress the direct PFC response; on the other hand 6-MP was inhibitory at the two higher equimolar dose levels. When the antisera were used in the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis (AD phi) assays, similar differential effects of the two agents were found. Multiple doses of AZ and 6-MP given to the donors of ADCC effector cells enhanced the capacity of these cells to lyse antibody-sensitized SRBC target cells. The enhancement of ADCC with 6-MP was less manifest than that with AZ. When injected before the antigen, AZ acted synergistically with the antibody in the control of the direct PFC response. Possible mechanisms by which AZ can interact with antibody-mediated immune regulation are discussed.
VH families in the antibody response to p-azophenylarsonate: correlation between serology and amino acid sequence.
Authors: Milner E C , Capra J D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Anti-arsonate hybridoma antibodies of A/J mice have been grouped into 3 VH families by amino acid sequence analysis. One of these, the 91A3 family, which includes all CRI-positive molecules and some CRI-negative molecules, has been serologically defined by the presence of a VH marker (91A3 marker). Although the 91A3 family of antibodies is present at low levels in preimmune A/J serum and represents a substantial component of the A/J response to p-azophenylarsonate, the 91A3 family has not been detected serologically in the anti-Ar response of any other inbred strain tested. Analysis of sera from AXC Igh recombinant mice maps the 91A3 marker to the left of Igh-Dex, consistent with the location of the VH genes controlling the arsonate CRI. These studies establish a serologic assay that detects all members of a family of anti-arsonate antibodies defined previously by primary sequence analysis. This assay makes it possible to monitor in its entirety the expression of the products of a single or closely related group of genes.