bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of Australia’s national action plan on antimicrobial resistance using a governance framework
Authors: Do Phu Cong , Alemu Yibeltal Assefa , Reid Simon Andrew 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aim
Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis which undermines the effectiveness of current modern therapeutics against microbial infections and demands effective governance at all levels to effectively address the challenge. The aim of the study was to analyse Australia’s National Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance using a governance framework to facilitate discussion on the state of implementation.

Methods
A governance framework was used to facilitate the systematic analysis of Australia’s National Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance through iterative coding of activities listed within the working documents.

Results
From the analysis, 1435 codes were created in congruence with the governance framework. The Australian National Action Plan was aligned with the Global Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance in scope of objectives. The most frequent code was research and innovation (n = 180, 12.5%). The least frequent theme discussed was equity. No strategic vision or objectives were outlined within any of the documents to measure implementation progress.

Conclusions
Overall, Australia’s governance on AMR has demonstrated siloed implementation with an absence of strategic objectives to measure progress. Governance structure, surveillance and mechanisms for stakeholder participation have been identified as potential actionable points for AMR strategy refinement that can improve overall accountability towards progress.
Assumption-light and computationally cheap inference on inequality measures by sample splitting: the Student t approach
Authors: Midões Catarina , de Crombrugghe Denis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInference on inequality indices remains challenging, even in large samples. Heavy right tails in income and wealth distributions hinder the quality and threaten the validity of asymptotic approximations to finite sample distributions. Attempts to improve on asymptotic approximations by bootstrap techniques or permutation tests are only partial successes. We evaluate a different approach to robust inference, relying on Student t statistics obtained from split samples. This relatively simple ‘t-based’ approach requires no consistent variance estimators, no random sampling of populations, and only mild distributional assumptions. We compare its performance with that of refined bootstrap and permutation techniques. We find that the more complex bootstrap methods still have the edge in one-sample tests, where the t-approach suffers from a negative skew. In two-sample comparisons though, the t-approach offers advantages: it is undersized while bootstrap tests and permutation tests are often oversized. In certain circumstances it is less powerful than permutation tests and bootstrap tests, but for large samples, this difference dissipates. It is also more generally applicable than permutation tests and easily generates confidence intervals. These differences are illustrated with an empirical application using two different sources of household data from the Russian Federation.
Fire hazard of epoxy-based transparent wood
Authors: Martinka Jozef , Mitterpach Jozef , Štefko Tomáš , Wachter Igor , Rantuch Peter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransparent wood is a modern bio-renewable material with great potential for both science and industrial applications. However, the fire hazard of transparent wood is still almost unexplored. This study aims to investigate the impact of pristine basswood modification to epoxy-based transparent wood on the fire hazard and to train neural networks for the prediction of heat release rate from mass loss rate of pristine basswood, epoxy-based transparent wood, and epoxy resin. Transparent wood was prepared by lignin modification in pristine small-leaved basswood (Tilia cordata Mill.) and subsequent vacuum infiltration by epoxy resin. The fire hazard of the samples was determined by the cone calorimeter at four heat fluxes of 20–50 kW m−2. The fire hazard of investigated materials was compared based on the critical heat flux, ignition temperature, heat release rate, effective heat of combustion and time to flashover. Transparent wood showed higher resistance to ignition (higher critical heat flux and ignition temperature) than pristine wood. However, other parameters (heat release rate and effective heat of combustion) were higher (worse) and the time to flashover was lower (worse) for transparent wood than for pristine wood. Trained neural networks for predicting heat release rate from the mass loss rate of wood (both pristine and transparent) and epoxy resin showed coefficients of determination from 0.70 to 0.92. Trained neural networks with a coefficient of determinations above 0.90 are usable for low-cost heat release rate measurements in both science and industrial applications.
The role and intervention of mitochondrial metabolism in osteoarthritis
Authors: Qi Zhanhai , Zhu Jiaping , Cai Wusheng , Lou Chunbiao , Li Zongyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent degenerative joint disease, affects a substantial global population. Despite the elusive etiology of OA, recent investigations have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction as a significant factor in disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria, pivotal cellular organelles accountable for energy production, exert essential roles in cellular metabolism. Hence, mitochondrial dysfunction can exert broad-ranging effects on various cellular processes implicated in OA development. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the metabolic alterations occurring in OA and elucidate the diverse mechanisms through which mitochondrial dysfunction can contribute to OA pathogenesis. These mechanisms encompass heightened oxidative stress and inflammation, perturbed chondrocyte metabolism, and compromised autophagy. Furthermore, this review will explore potential interventions targeting mitochondrial metabolism as means to impede or decelerate the progression of OA. In summary, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of the involvement of mitochondrial metabolism in OA and underscores prospective intervention strategies.
Prognostic impact of palpable prostate tumors on disease progression after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a single-center experience
Authors: Porcaro Antonio Benito , Gallina Sebastian , Bianchi Alberto , Tafuri Alessandro , Serafin Emanuele , Panunzio Andrea , Mazzucato Giovanni , Orlando Rossella , Ditonno Francesco , Ornaghi Paola Irene , Rizzetto Riccardo , Cerrato Clara , De Marco Vincenzo , Brunelli Matteo , Siracusano Salvatore , Cerruto Maria Angela , Antonelli Alessandro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of palpable prostate tumors on digital rectal exam (DRE) on the disease progression of prostate cancer (PCa) treated with RARP surgery in a tertiary referral center.

Materials and methods
Overall, 901 patients were evaluated in a period ranging from January 2013 to October 2020. In the surgical specimen, unfavorable pathology included ISUP grade group ≥3, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), and pelvic lymph node invasion (PLNI). Disease progression was defined as the occurrence of biochemical recurrence and/or local recurrence and/or distant metastases; its association with the primary endpoint was evaluated by Cox’s proportional model.

Results
Palpable prostate tumors were detected in 359 (39.8%) patients. The overall median (IQR) follow-up was 40 months (17–59). PCa progressed in 159 cases (17.6%). Nodularity or induration of the prostate at DRE was significantly associated with features of unfavorable pathology, increased risk of PCa progression (hazard ratio, HR = 1.902; 95% CI: 1.389–2.605; p < 0.0001) and, on multivariable analysis, was an independent prognostic factor for disease progression after adjusting for clinical and pathological variables.

Conclusions
Prostate tumors presenting with an abnormal DRE finding have an independent adverse outcome for disease progression after PCa surgery. They provide also independent prognostic information, as they may be more aggressive than impalpable PCa.
p-mTOR, p-ERK and PTEN Expression in Tumor Biopsies and Organoids as Predictive Biomarkers for Patients with HPV Negative Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: de Kort W. W. B. , de Ruiter E. J. , Haakma W. E. , Driehuis E. , Devriese L. A. , van Es R. J. J. , Willems S. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Survival rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have only marginally improved in the last decades. Hence there is a need for predictive biomarkers for long-time survival that can help to guide treatment decisions and might lead to the development of new therapies. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is the most frequently altered pathway in HNSCC, genes are often mutated, amplificated and overexpressed causing aberrant signaling affecting cell growth and differentiation. Numerous genetic alterations of upstream and downstream factors have currently been clarified. However, their predictive value has yet to be established. Therefore we assess the predictive value of p-mTOR, p-ERK and PTEN expression.

Methods
Tissue microarrays (TMA’s) of HPV-negative patients with oropharyngeal (n = 48), hypopharyngeal (n = 16) or laryngeal (n = 13) SCC, treated with primary chemoradiation (cisplatin/carboplatin/cetuximab and radiotherapy), were histologically stained for p-mTOR, PTEN and p-ERK. Expression was correlated to overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) and locoregional control (LRC). Also p-mTOR was histologically stained in a separate cohort of HNSCC organoids (n = 8) and correlated to mTOR-inhibitor everolimus response.

Results
High p-mTOR expression correlated significantly with worse OS in multivariate analysis in the whole patient cohort [Hazar Ratio (HR) 1.06, 95%CI 1.01–1.11, p = 0.03] and in the cisplatin/carboplatin group with both worse OS (HR 1.09, 95%CI 1.02–1.16, p = 0.02) and DFS (HR 1.06, 95%CI 1.00–1.12, p = 0,04). p-ERK expression correlated significantly with DFS in univariate analysis in the whole patient cohort (HR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00–1.05, p = 0.04) and cisplatin/carboplatin group (HR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00–1.07, p = 0.04). PTEN-expression did not correlate with OS/DFS/LRC. Better organoid response to everolimus correlated significantly to higher p-mTOR expression (Rs = − 0.731, p = 0.04).

Conclusions
High p-mTOR expression predicts and high p-ERK expression tends to predict worse treatment outcome in HPV negative HNSCC patients treated with chemoradiation, providing additional evidence that these markers are candidate prognostic biomarkers for survival in this patient population. Also this study shows that the use of HNSCC organoids for biomarker research has potential. The role of PTEN expression as prognostic biomarker remains unclear, as consistent evidence on its prognostic and predictive value is lacking.
Hand copy performance of young children and the illiterate, semi-illiterate, and literate adults
Authors: Zhang Can , Wang Can , Deng Zhiqing , Gao Jie , Ding Zilan , Chen Juan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHandwriting is essential for both children and adults. It is still unclear, however, how handwriting skills could be obtained. Here we tested the hand copy, the first step of handwriting, of children who started kindergarten for about one year (3–5 years old), who were in kindergarten for 2–3 years (5–6 years old), and who started elementary school for less than a year (6–7 years old). Participants were asked to copy down simple numbers and shapes under no time restraint. Their copy was also presented as visual feedback. In this case, their copy performance mainly reflects their abilities in visuomotor transformation. We found that the performance of children aged 5–6 years old was much better than that of the 3–5 years old ones, which could be due to the natural development of muscles and joints or the training at home or in kindergarten. We next tested illiterate, semi-illiterate, and literate adults with the same task to elucidate the contribution of natural development. Although illiterate adults had never been to school and could not read, they had well-developed and trained muscles and joints and had acquired fine motor skills during everyday life and work. Surprisingly, we found that the overall performance of the illiterate group was similar to that of the youngest (3–5 years old) children, which suggests that the visuomotor ability required for hand copy cannot be automatically obtained during growing up but requires specific training. Our findings provide new insights into visuomotor learning and have implications for handwriting interventions.
Uniqueness in Weighted Lebesgue Spaces for an Elliptic Equation with Drift on Manifolds
Authors: Meglioli Giulia , Roncoroni Alberto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe investigate the uniqueness, in suitable weighted Lebesgue spaces, of solutions to a class of elliptic equations with a drift posed on a complete, noncompact, Riemannian manifold M of infinite volume and dimension $$N\ge 2$$

N
≥
2

. Furthermore, in the special case of a model manifold with polynomial volume growth, we show that the conditions on the drift term are sharp.
Bioinspired Hard–Soft Interface Management for Superior Performance in Carbon Fibre Composites
Authors: Newman Ben , Randall James D. , Varley Russell J. , Stojcevski Filip , Henderson Luke C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNature has evolved to create materials of unmatched performance governed by the interfacial interactions between hard and soft surfaces. Typically, in a carbon fibre composite, one polymer and one type of carbon fibre is used throughout a laminate. In this work, we use a carbon fibre surface modification approach to vary the fibre–matrix interface throughout the laminate to tailor the soft–hard interfaces. We demonstrate this effect using reclaimed carbon fibre materials in a thermoset polymer, then extend this concept to a thermoplastic polymer matrix–polypropylene. The thermoset specimens examined in this work consist of 5 carbon fibre plies, featuring 0, 1, 3 or 5 surface-modified layers located at the centre of the composite. The largest improvements in physical properties for these composites (yield strength, ultimate flexural strength, and tensile modulus) were found when only 1 modified layer of carbon fibre was placed directly within the centre of the composite. Subsequent investigations revealed that for a polypropylene matrix, where the surface chemistry is tailored specifically for polypropylene, improvements are also observed when mixed surface chemistries are used. This work shows that surface modification of reclaimed carbon fibres as non-woven mats can provide significant improvements in mechanical properties performance for structural composites when used in strategically advantageous locations throughout the composite.
Lipid nanoparticles in the treatment of lung cancer—hype or hope?
Authors: Mair Anna , Nocera Fabienne , Wolf Dominik , Pircher Andreas 
Published: July 2023

SummaryLung cancer is still one of the most common cancer entities worldwide and the leading cause of cancer mortality. Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and therapy of lung cancer, many patients do not respond to existing therapies, indicating an urgent need for the development of novel treatment strategies. In recent years, nanotechnology has led to significant progress in modern medicine. Especially lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) evoked substantial interest, due to their broad application as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. In the future of lung cancer treatment, lipid nanoparticles hold the potential to provide specific, safe, and well-tolerated treatments by incorporating multiple drugs and targeting agents and enabling their trafficking to tissues or cell types of interest. This review briefly summarizes the application of LNPs in lung cancer treatment as well as their future possibilities.
Clinical and molecular characterization of 10 Chinese children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Lu Wen-Li , Ma Xiao-Yu , Zhang Jiao , Wang Jun-Qi , Zhang Ting-Ting , Ye Lei , Xiao Yuan , Dong Zhi-Ya , Wang Wei , Sun Shou-Yue , Li Chuan-Yin , Hu Rong-Gui , Ning Guang , Zhang Li-Dan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The clinical manifestations of nonclassical 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency are very similar to those of non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. For this study, we investigated the relationship between the clinical and molecular features of congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency and reviewed the related literature, which are expected to provide assistance for the clinical diagnosis and analysis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Methods
Clinical data for 10 Chinese patients diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in our hospital from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. We examined the effects of gene mutations on protease activity and constructed three-dimensional structure prediction models of proteins.

Results
We describe 10 patients with 11beta-hydroxylase gene mutations (n = 5, 46,XY; n = 5, 46,XX), with 10 novel mutations were reported. Female patients received treatment at an early stage, with an average age of 2.08 ± 1.66 years, whereas male patients received treatment significantly later, at an average age of 9.77 ± 3.62 years. The most common CYP11B1 pathogenic variant in the Chinese population was found to be c.1360C > T. All mutations lead to spatial conformational changes that affect protein stability.

Conclusions
Our study found that there was no significant correlation between each specific mutation and the severity of clinical manifestations. Different patients with the same gene pathogenic variant may have mild or severe clinical manifestations. The correlation between genotype and phenotype needs further study. Three-dimensional protein simulations may provide additional support for the physiopathological mechanism of genetic mutations.
The oldest dustywing (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae) from the Lower Jurassic of Germany
Authors: Makarkin Vladimir N. , Ansorge Jörg 
Published: July 2023

AbstractToarciconiopteryx dipterosimilis gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Lower Toarcian of Grimmen (Western Pomerania, Germany) based on a hind wing. This enigmatic wing superficially resembles a dipteran forewing, but analysis in detail establishes that it belongs to the Neuroptera. We assign it to the Coniopterygidae with great confidence by its great concordance with the hind wings of that family, but a small possibility remains that it might belong to the Dipteromantispidae, although the very derived haltere-like hind wings of all its known members are entirely unlike it. We, therefore, consider it to be the oldest record of Coniopterygidae. We create the new subfamily Toarciconiopteryginae subfam. nov. for it, which is distinguished from other Coniopterygidae by its hind wings possessing two branches of RP and a proximal forking of M. These conditions are also known in some Sialidae (Megaloptera), supporting the hypothesis that Coniopterygidae is the sister group of all other Neuroptera, as Megaloptera is considered by most authors to be sister to Neuroptera. New interpretations of some aspects of the Coniopterygidae venation are proposed.
Pediatrics in Artificial Intelligence Era: A Systematic Review on Challenges, Opportunities, and Explainability
Authors: Balla Yashaswini , Tirunagari Santosh , Windridge David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT and Bard is disrupting a broad swathe of fields, including medicine. In pediatric medicine, AI is also increasingly being used across multiple subspecialties. However, the practical application of AI still faces a number of key challenges. Consequently, there is a requirement for a concise overview of the roles of AI across the multiple domains of pediatric medicine, which the current study seeks to address.

Aim
To systematically assess the challenges, opportunities, and explainability of AI in pediatric medicine.

Methodology
A systematic search was carried out on peer-reviewed databases, PubMed Central, Europe PubMed Central, and grey literature using search terms related to machine learning (ML) and AI for the years 2016 to 2022 in the English language. A total of 210 articles were retrieved that were screened with PRISMA for abstract, year, language, context, and proximal relevance to research aims. A thematic analysis was carried out to extract findings from the included studies.

Results
Twenty articles were selected for data abstraction and analysis, with three consistent themes emerging from these articles. In particular, eleven articles address the current state-of-the-art application of AI in diagnosing and predicting health conditions such as behavioral and mental health, cancer, syndromic and metabolic diseases. Five articles highlight the specific challenges of AI deployment in pediatric medicines: data security, handling, authentication, and validation. Four articles set out future opportunities for AI to be adapted: the incorporation of Big Data, cloud computing, precision medicine, and clinical decision support systems. These studies collectively critically evaluate the potential of AI in overcoming current barriers to adoption.

Conclusion
AI is proving disruptive within pediatric medicine and is presently associated with challenges, opportunities, and the need for explainability. AI should be viewed as a tool to enhance and support clinical decision-making rather than a substitute for human judgement and expertise. Future research should consequently focus on obtaining comprehensive data to ensure the generalizability of research findings.
Consecutive patterns in Catalan words and the descent distribution
Authors: Ramírez José L. , Rojas-Osorio Alejandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we compute the distribution of the descent statistic on the Catalan words avoiding a consecutive pattern of length at most three. Baril–Kirgizov–Vajnovszki began the study of patterns in Catalan words, focusing on the enumeration of those that avoid classical patterns of length 3. We make use of the symbolic method to associate functional equations satisfied by the counting generating functions. As a consequence we enumerate the set of Catalan words that avoid consecutive patterns of length 3, and we also provide the total number of descents on this set.
Maximal sparse convex surrogate-assisted evolutionary convolutional neural architecture search for image segmentation
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Xianpeng , Song Xiangman 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDesigning reasonable architectures of convolutional neural network (CNN) for specific image segmentation remains a challenging task, as the determination of the structure and hyperparameters of CNN depends heavily on expertise and requires a great deal of time. Evolutionary algorithm (EA) has been successfully applied to the automatic design of CNNs; however, the inherent stochastic search of EA tends to cause “experience loss” and requires very large computational resources. To deal with this problem, a maximal sparse convex surrogate model with updated empirical information is proposed in this paper to guide the evolutionary process of CNN design. This sparse convex function is transformed from a non-convex function to a maximized sparse convex function, which can better utilize the prior empirical knowledge to assist the evolutionary search. In addition, a balance strategy between computational resources and accuracy is proposed in the selection of reasonable network architectures. The proposed fully automatic design method of CNN is applied to the segmentation of steel microstructure images, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is competitive with the existing state-of-the-art methods.