bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficient Mismatch Repair and BRAF Mutations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the South Island of New Zealand
Authors: Yap Jeremy , Pattison Sharon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimManatū Hauora, the Ministry of Health of New Zealand (NZ), published minimum standards for molecular testing of colorectal cancers (CRCs) in June 2018. These included mismatch repair (MMR) testing at diagnosis and BRAFV600E mutation analysis on newly diagnosed stage IV CRCs. This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients with CRC in the South Island of NZ with metastatic deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) CRC, the proportion of metastatic CRCs and dMMR CRCs that have a BRAFV600E mutation, and audit testing for BRAF mutations and appropriate referral to genetics services.MethodsPeople from the South Island with histologically diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinoma between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2019, were identified by the National Cancer Registry. Data points extracted from the electronic medical record included staging, MMR status, BRAF mutation testing, and genetics referral.ResultsA total of 845 patients met the inclusion criteria; 166 of 845 (19.6%) had dMMR CRC, and of these 130 (78%) had BRAF mutation, 256 patients developed metastatic disease by data cut‐off, 20 (7.8%) had dMMR, and 41 (22.2%) had BRAF mutation. When indicated, 275 of 330 (83.3%) were tested for BRAF mutation and 32 of 45 (71.1%) referred to genetics. Compared with other populations, South Island CRC patients had higher rates of dMMR and BRAF mutation.ConclusionLess than 10% of patients (n = 20) had metastatic dMMR CRC. These patients could be considered candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, a small number that would not significantly burden the NZ health system if funded. The vast majority of dMMR CRC was sporadic. Rates of testing could be improved.
Medical Futurology: The National Health Service and the Politics of Inevitable Conclusions
Authors: Herrick Clare 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe history of Britain's National Health Service is a history of crises: staffing shortages; insufficient capital investment; and a lack of infrastructure rendered worse by the absence of the long‐term funding settlements needed to ensure the service's future. The “critical condition” (Darzi 2024:131; https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/independent‐investigation‐of‐the‐nhs‐in‐england) of the NHS in the present makes reflection on the future of the health service essential and unavoidable. However, the NHS is characterised by “forms of inertia” (Powell 1966:73; A New Look at Politics and Medicine) that, even as public dissatisfaction hits record levels, consistently undermines arguments for necessary change. Drawing on the example of workforce planning, I examine how efforts to imagine the future of and a future for the NHS have taken three forms: planned; tethered (to the past); and resisted. In this, I draw out why the NHS as an institution needs to be more central to radical geographical agendas and why geographers should be engaged in its future.
Critical Steps in Shotgun Metagenomics‐Based Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections Using Nanopore Sequencing
Authors: Björnberg Amelia , Nestor David , Peker Nilay , Sinha Bhanu , Couto Natacha , Rossen John , Sundqvist Martin , Mölling Paula 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTShotgun metagenomics offers a broad detection of pathogens for rapid blood stream infection of pathogens but struggles with often low numbers of pathogens combined with high levels of human background DNA in clinical samples. This study aimed to develop a shotgun metagenomics protocol using blood spiked with various bacteria and to assess bacterial DNA extraction efficiency with human DNA depletion. The Blood Pathogen Kit (Molzym) was used to extract DNA from EDTA‐whole blood (WB) and plasma samples, using contrived blood specimens spiked with bacteria for shotgun metagenomics diagnostics via Oxford Nanopore sequencing and PCR‐based library preparation. Results showed that bacterial reads were higher in WB than plasma. Differences for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were more pronounced compared to Escherichia coli. Plasma samples exhibited better method reproducibility, with more consistent droplet digital PCR results for human DNA. The study found that extraction was more efficient for Gram‐positive bacteria than Gram‐negative, suggesting that the human DNA depletion exerts a negative effect on Gram‐negative bacteria. Overall, shotgun metagenomics needs further optimisation to improve bacterial DNA recovery and enhance pathogen detection sensitivity. This study highlights some critical steps in the methodology of shotgun metagenomic‐based diagnosis of blood stream infections using Nanopore sequencing.
Towards a unified approach in managing resistance to vaccines, drugs, and pesticides
Authors: Alyokhin Andrei V. , Rosenthal Benjamin M. , Weber Donald C. , Baker Mitchell B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEverywhere, pests and pathogens evolve resistance to our control efforts, impairing human health and welfare. Developing sustainable solutions to this problem requires working with evolved immune and ecological systems, rather than against these evolutionary forces. We advocate a transdisciplinary approach to resistance based on an evolutionary foundation informed by the concepts of integrated pest management and One Health. Diverse, multimodal management approaches create a more challenging environment for the evolution of resistance. Given our permanent evolutionary and ecological relationships with pests and pathogens, responses to most biological threats to health and agriculture should seek sustainable harm reduction rather than eradication.
Non‐native species have higher consumption rates than their native counterparts
Authors: Faria Larissa , Cuthbert Ross N. , Dickey James W. E. , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Ricciardi Anthony , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Vitule Jean R. S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNon‐native species can be major drivers of ecosystem alteration, especially through changes in trophic interactions. Successful non‐native species have been predicted to have greater resource use efficiency relative to trophically analogous native species (the Resource Consumption Hypothesis), but rigorous evidence remains equivocal. Here, we tested this proposition quantitatively in a global meta‐analysis of comparative functional response studies. We calculated the log response ratio of paired non‐native and native species functional responses, using attack rate and maximum consumption rate parameters as response variables. Explanatory variables were consumer taxonomic group and functional feeding group, habitat, native assemblage latitude, and non‐native species taxonomic distinctiveness. Maximum consumption rates for non‐native species were 70% higher, on average, than those of their native counterparts; attack rates also tended to be higher, but not significantly so. The magnitude of maximum consumption rate effect sizes varied with consumer taxonomic group and functional feeding group, being highest in favour of non‐natives for molluscs and herbivores. Consumption rate differences between non‐native and native species tended to be greater for freshwater taxa, perhaps reflecting sensitivity of insular freshwater food webs to novel consumers; this pattern needs to be explored further as additional data are obtained from terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In general, our results support the Resource Consumption Hypothesis, which can partly explain how successful non‐native species can reduce native resource populations and restructure food webs.
Local Climatic Effects on Colonisation and Extinction Drive Changes in Mountain Butterfly Communities
Authors: Ursul Guim , Mingarro Mario , Castro‐Cobo Sara , Cancela Juan Pablo , Romo Helena , Wilson Robert J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe capacity of cool refugia to protect cold‐adapted species against climate change may depend on both their initial climatic conditions and how quickly these change. We test how local climatic conditions influence mountain butterfly communities via their effects on colonisation and local extinction.LocationFour mountain ranges in Central Spain.MethodsWe used community temperature index (CTI), based on the climatic niches of constituent species (species temperature index, STI), to estimate thermal affinities for butterfly communities sampled in 1984–2005 to 2017–2022. We related CTI to local temperature, estimated using the model Microclima, and tested for changes to local temperature and CTI over time. We used standard deviation in CTI (CTISD) and species richness to detect effects of colonisation and local extinction on community change. Finally, we tested for differences in thermal affinity and thermal niche breadth (STISD) between species undergoing local extinction or colonisation at each site.ResultsCTI was positively related to local temperature in both periods. However, there were regional differences in rates of change in CTI and local temperature. CTI increased overall, even though temperatures decreased at many sites; and CTI increases were greatest in historically cool sites. Neither CTISD nor species richness changed overall, suggesting that communities experienced equivalent numbers of colonisations and extinctions. Colonising species had warmer thermal affinities than those undergoing local extinction, and species with broader thermal niches increased their occupancy most over time.Main ConclusionsLocal climatic conditions influenced changes to community composition based on species thermal tolerances, resulting in the loss of communities where cool‐affinity species predominated, and a narrower range of community thermal affinities overall. Our results suggest that a regional perspective to identifying climate change refugia is needed to provide a wide range of local climate conditions and rates of change to help adapt conservation to climate change.
Indirect Effects and Context Dependency in Stream Fish Invasions
Authors: Annis William K. , Thompson Lily M. , Midway Stephen R. , Olden Julian D. , Peoples Brandon K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimInvasion ecology is replete with a body of well‐supported yet contradictory evidence for numerous invasion hypotheses, likely as a result of context dependency. Context dependency in invasion studies can arise in two ways: (1) apparent, when results differ between studies solely due to methodical differences, or (2) mechanistic, when results truly differ due to ecological processes. One form of apparent context dependency occurs when causally linked factors associated with invasion success (hereafter, invasion drivers) either mask or enhance each other's effect on invasion success. Mechanistic context dependency can occur when regional scale processes modify the influence of local scale invasion processes. Together, apparent and mechanistic context dependency likely give rise to conflicting support between invasion hypotheses via confounding effects of causally related invasion drivers and region‐specific invasion processes.Location2339 stream segments in two ecoregions of the United States.MethodsUsing local scale stream fish community data for two distinct ecoregions, we constructed identical path models to estimate the direct and indirect effects of invasion drivers on nonnative richness. We chose one variable to index invasion drivers from each of the following categories: propagule pressure, natural abiotic, anthropogenic abiotic and biotic factors.ResultsWe found evidence of apparent context dependency through the presence of indirect effects, in which the effects of propagule pressure and biotic factors on nonnative richness were modulated by abiotic factors. The indirect effects of invasion drivers differed between both regions, providing evidence of mechanistic context dependency.Main ConclusionsApparent and mechanistic context dependency can lead to conflicting evidence between studies of invasion hypotheses. Accounting for indirect effects of invasion drivers is important in gaining a more general understanding of the invasion process. Furthermore, because indirect effects varied regionally, it is important to understand the large‐scale processes that contextualise local invasion processes.
Long‐term blood glucose control via glucose‐activated transcriptional regulation of insulin analogue in type 1 diabetes mice
Authors: Lu Wanling , Xie Lifang , Zhang Yanhan , Gao Hong , Geng David , Xie Chunguang , Liu Ming , Wang Gang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimTo achieve glucose‐activated transcriptional regulation of insulin analogue in skeletal muscle of T1D mice, thereby controlling blood glucose levels and preventing or mitigating diabetes‐related complications.Materials and MethodsWe developed the GANIT (Glucose‐Activated NFAT‐regulated INSA‐F Transcription) system, an innovative platform building upon the previously established intramuscular plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery and expression system. In the GANIT system, skeletal muscle cells are genetically engineered to endogenously produce the insulin analogue INSA‐F (Insulin Aspart with Furin cleavage sites). The transcription of INSA‐F is precisely controlled by a glucose‐responsive promoter containing NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T‐cells) regulatory motifs, which can be activated in response to changes in extracellular glucose concentrations. This design enables glucose‐dependent regulation of insulin analogue expression, mimicking physiological glucose‐responsive insulin secretion.ResultsT1D mice that received two GANIT treatments over a 2‐month experimental period demonstrated significant improvements in glucose homeostasis, glucose tolerance and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Additionally, the treatment effectively reduced oxidative stress and alleviated cardiac and renal fibrosis, while maintaining a favourable biosafety profile.ConclusionThe GANIT system provides significant advantages in terms of efficiency, convenience and cost‐effectiveness, making it a promising approach for regulating blood glucose levels and alleviating diabetes‐related complications in insulin‐deficient diabetes.
Exploring Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms in the Context of Textual Cyberharassment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shannaq Fatima , Shehab Mohammad , Alshorman Areej , Hammad Mahmoud , Hammo Bassam , Al‐Omari Wala'a 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe digital landscape and rapid advancement of Information and Communication Technology have significantly increased social interactions, but it has also led to a rise in harmful behaviours such as offensive language, cyberbullying, and HS. Addressing online harassment is critical due to its severe consequences. This study offers a comprehensive evaluation of existing studies that employed metaheuristic optimization algorithms for detecting textual harassment content across social media platforms, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Using the PRISMA methodology, we reviewed and analysed 271 research papers, ultimately narrowing down the selection to 36 papers based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. By analysing key factors such as optimization techniques, feature engineering strategies, and dataset characteristics, we identify crucial trends and challenges in the field. Finally, we offer practical recommendations to improve the accuracy of predictive models, including adopting hybrid approaches, enhancing multilingual capabilities, and expanding models to operate effectively across various social media platforms.
The Importance of Luck in Executive Promotion Tournaments: Theory and Evidence
Authors: DeVaro Jed , Fung Scott 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe empirically test whether executives’ increases in base salary when promoted to Chief Executive Officer (CEO) result from the wage bids of competing firms (i.e., “market‐based tournaments”) or from the strategic choices of the firm's board of directors to elicit optimal executive incentives (i.e., “classic tournaments”). Our test emphasizes the effect of the “importance of luck” (i.e., the variance of luck) on the pay raises that accompany promotion. Specifically, we focus on how that effect differs between the two types of tournaments. An estimated negative relationship between the importance of luck and the executive salary spread supports market‐based tournaments, whereas a positive relationship supports classic tournaments. The results are non‐monotonic in firm size. Executive tournaments in both the bottom 13% of firms (i.e., total assets below $376 million) and the top 2.5% of firms (i.e., total assets above $112 billion) are more consistent with classic tournaments, whereas the nearly 85% in the middle of the distribution of firm size are more consistent with market‐based tournaments. Also, controlling for firm size, highly concentrated product markets are more consistent with market‐based tournaments. Extending market‐based tournament theory to allow executives to choose the luck variance reveals that executives infuse their tournaments with a high luck variance, which lowers the expected pay differential and depresses incentives.
Using Multilabel Neural Network to Score High‐Dimensional Assessments for Different Use Foci: An Example with College Major Preference Assessment
Authors: Hu Shun‐Fu , Wu Amery D. , Stone Jake 
Published: January 2025

AbstractScoring high‐dimensional assessments (e.g., > 15 traits) can be a challenging task. This paper introduces the multilabel neural network (MNN) as a scoring method for high‐dimensional assessments. Additionally, it demonstrates how MNN can score the same test responses to maximize different performance metrics, such as accuracy, recall, or precision, to suit users' varying needs. These two objectives are illustrated with an example of scoring the short version of the College Majors Preference assessment (Short CMPA) to match the results of whether the 50 college majors would be in one's top three, as determined by the Long CMPA. The results reveal that MNN significantly outperforms the simple‐sum ranking method (i.e., ranking the 50 majors' subscale scores) in targeting recall (.95 vs. .68) and precision (.53 vs. .38), while gaining an additional 3% in accuracy (.94 vs. .91). These findings suggest that, when executed properly, MNN can be a flexible and practical tool for scoring numerous traits and addressing various use foci.
The Development of Intelligent Film From Crosslinked–Acylation Cassava Starch and Purple Sweet Potato Anthocyanin for Monitoring Indian Mackerel Fish Freshness
Authors: Handayani Noer Abyor , Purbasari Aprilina , Sumardiono Siswo , Fatikah Alfan Fatir , Nurrudina Fahma 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEdible coatings and films have gained significant interest due to their ability to extend the shelf life of fresh products. This research aimed to develop a novel indicator film using crosslinked–stearic acid acylation‐modified cassava starch and anthocyanin extracts, both of which can be utilized to create solid matrices that are safe for consumption. The physical properties of the films improved with the use of modified starch, exhibiting a stronger tensile strength (from 0.96 to 1.02 MPa). Additionally, flexibility increased from 121% to 129%, and the water vapor transmission rate was significantly reduced from 5.86 to 1.79 g/m2/h. Anthocyanin extracts also contributed to improvements in flexibility and reductions in water vapor transmission rate. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated an increase in the film's thermal stability, with a transition temperature shifting from 276°C to 299°C, attributing to changes in the starch characteristics following modification. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed alterations in the molecular interactions between the CH and CC groups. The application of these edible films for storing and monitoring Indian mackerel fish meat demonstrated consistent results, particularly in terms of color change due to an increase in pH levels (from 7 to 8.5 over 2 days). Furthermore, TVB‐N levels in fish meat covered with the edible film were successfully reduced from 71 to 46 mg/100 g over the same period. These findings indicate that the films can function as intelligent food packaging, possessing antioxidant properties beneficial for human health while being biodegradable, thus reducing their environmental impact.
ESG Performance, Environmental Uncertainty, and Firm Risk
Authors: Liu Ethan Xin , Song Yuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe growing concern over sustainable development has raised critical questions about the role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in shaping organizational outcomes. While prior research underscores the importance of ESG, there is limited understanding of its impact on firm risk, particularly under varying levels of environmental uncertainty. Using a data set of 9201 observations from Chinese listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2006 to 2022, this study investigates how ESG performance influences firm risk and the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. Our findings reveal that ESG performance reduces firm risk by lowering environmental penalties, easing financing constraints, enhancing corporate reputation, and improving access to government subsidies. Additionally, environmental uncertainty strengthens the negative impact of ESG performance on firm risk. These results highlight the critical role of ESG performance in mitigating corporate risk and offer practical implications for firms, investors, and policymakers seeking to align corporate strategies with sustainable economic development goals.
Helping Postdivorce Families Enhance Parent–Child Relationships: Clinical Applications to Effectively Help Divorced Parents Appropriately Communicate Their New Romance With Children
Authors: Kang Youngjin , Nielson Tiffany 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTParental separation itself may be painful for both divorcing parents and children; however, this may not be the only stressful event in family structure among postdivorce families. Most divorced parents may start seeking a new romantic relationship before, during, and/or soon after their divorce or separation is finalized. Given that postdivorce dating may develop as a meaningful, stable, and supportive family tie, such as a stepparent–stepchild relationship, parents must communicate their new relationship with children if this relationship trajectory is anticipated. However, few guidelines based on empirical evidence are available regarding how to appropriately share their postdivorce dating. An overview of the literature on divorced parents' new dating and their communication about this topic with children is provided. Best practices and innovative therapeutic approaches are discussed that are grounded in processes to foster family resilience that practitioners can utilize to better facilitate healthy and positive parent–child communication and family relationships.