bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a dementia risk score in the UK Biobank and Whitehall II cohorts
Authors: Anatürk Melis , Patel Raihaan , Ebmeier Klaus P. , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Newby Danielle , Topiwala Anya , de Lange Ann-Marie G , Cole James H , Jansen Michelle G , Singh-Manoux Archana , Kivimäki Mika , Suri Sana 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundCurrent dementia risk scores have had limited success in consistently identifying at-risk individuals across different ages and geographical locations.ObjectiveWe aimed to develop and validate a novel dementia risk score for a midlife UK population, using two cohorts: the UK Biobank, and UK Whitehall II study.MethodsWe divided the UK Biobank cohort into a training (n=176 611, 80%) and test sample (n=44 151, 20%) and used the Whitehall II cohort (n=2934) for external validation. We used the Cox LASSO regression to select the strongest predictors of incident dementia from 28 candidate predictors and then developed the risk score using competing risk regression.FindingsOur risk score, termed the UK Biobank Dementia Risk Score (UKBDRS), consisted of age, education, parental history of dementia, material deprivation, a history of diabetes, stroke, depression, hypertension, high cholesterol, household occupancy, and sex. The score had a strong discrimination accuracy in the UK Biobank test sample (area under the curve (AUC) 0.8, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.82) and in the Whitehall cohort (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.81). The UKBDRS also significantly outperformed three other widely used dementia risk scores originally developed in cohorts in Australia (the Australian National University Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Index), Finland (the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Ageing, and Dementia score), and the UK (Dementia Risk Score).Clinical implicationsOur risk score represents an easy-to-use tool to identify individuals at risk for dementia in the UK. Further research is required to determine the validity of this score in other populations.
Use of immunosuppression and subsequent cancer incidence: cohort study
Authors: Buchanich Jeanine M , Newcomb Craig W , Washington Terri L , Foster Charles Stephen , Sobrin Lucia , Thorne Jennifer E , Jabs Douglas Alan , Suhler Eric B , Rosenbaum James T , Sen Hatice Nida , Levy-Clarke Grace A , Nussenblatt Robert B , Bhatt Nirali P , Lowder Careen Y , Goldstein Debra A , Leiderman Yannek I , Acharya Nisha R , Holland Gary N , Read Russell W , Dunn James P , Dreger Kurt A , Artornsombudh Pichaporn , Begum Hosne A , Fitzgerald Tonetta D , Kothari Srishti , Payal Abhishek R , Daniel Ebenezer , Gangaputra Sapna S , Kaçmaz Roje Oktay , Liesegang Teresa L , Pujari Siddharth S , Khachatryan Naira , Maghsoudlou Armin , Suga Hilkiah K , Pak Clara M , Helzlsouer Kathy J , Kempen John H 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveEvaluate the association between cancer incidence and immunosuppressive treatment in patients with ocular inflammatory disease (OID).Methods and analysisWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients from 10 US OID subspecialty practices. Patients with non-infectious OID were included; HIV-infected patients were excluded. Time-dependent exposure to drug classes (ie, antimetabolites, calcineurin inhibitors, alkylating agents, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors) and drugs were evaluated. Cancer incidence was ascertained by linkage to 12 state cancer registries from 1996 to 2015. Cancer incidence was analysed using Cox regression survival analysis, using 0-year, 3-year and 5-year lags after immunosuppression began.ResultsThe cancer incidence cohort comprised 10 872 individuals at risk of incident cancer and residing in one of the 12 states covered; 812 primary cancers were identified through cancer incidence tracing with median follow-up time of 10 years. Neither TNF inhibitor, antimetabolite, calcineurin inhibitor nor alkylating agent classes were associated with statistically significant increases in cancer incidence adjusting for covariates. We found statistically significant reduced hazards in the systemic inflammatory disease (SID)-including cohort for adalimumab and chlorambucil, increased hazards for tacrolimus and etanercept in the non-SID cohort and reduced hazards for methotrexate in both. Other immunosuppressive drugs were not associated with overall cancer incidence.ConclusionsWe found no increased risk of overall or site-specific cancer incidence associated with short-term (non-transplant) therapy with most commonly used immunosuppressive drug classes and many specific drugs. Further research may clarify potentially protective or harmful effects of specific agents that were not consistently associated with reduced or increased cancer incidence.Trial registration numberNCT00116090.
Psychiatric comorbidity in emergency general surgery patients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Geier Timothy J , Simske Natasha , Melin Sarah , Trevino Colleen , Murphy Patrick , Schroeder Mary Elizabeth , Brandolino Amber , deRoon-Cassini Terri , Schramm Andrew T 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesAnnually, approximately 27 million individuals in the United States are admitted to hospitals for emergency general surgery (EGS). Approximately 50% develop postoperative complications and 22% require unplanned readmission within 90 days, highlighting a need to understand factors impacting well-being and recovery. Psychiatric comorbidity can impact medical treatment adherence, cost, and premature mortality risk. Despite the severity of illness in EGS, there is limited research on psychiatric comorbidity in EGS patients. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to characterize EGS patient mental health and to assess its relationship with pain, social support, and healthcare utilization (ie, length of stay, readmission).MethodsAdult EGS patients were screened for participation during hospitalization. Inclusion criteria included: (1) 18 years or older, (2) communicate fluently in English, and (3) assessed within 7 days of admission. Participants (n=95) completed assessment, which included a structured clinical diagnostic interview. Record review captured medical variables, including length of stay, discharge disposition, narcotic prescription, and 90-day readmission rates.ResultsNinety-five patients completed the assessment, and 31.6% met criteria for at least one current psychiatric diagnosis; 21.3% with a major depressive episode, 9.6% with a substance use disorder, and 7.5% with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Lower perceived social support and greater pain severity and interference were significantly related to more severe depression and anxiety. Depression was associated with longer length of stay, and those with PTSD were more likely to be re-admitted.ConclusionThe EGS patient sample exhibited psychiatric disorder rates greater than the general public, particularly regarding depression and anxiety. Screening protocols and incorporation of psychological and social interventions may assist in recovery following EGS.Level of evidenceLevel II, prognostic.
Trace element changes in rutile from quartzite through increasing
P–T
from lower amphibolite to eclogite facies conditions
Authors: Fumes Regiane A. , Luvizotto George L. , Pereira Inês , Moraes Renato 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Low concentrations of Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mg and Al in quartzite commonly prevent the crystallization of index metamorphic minerals, inhibiting the obtainability of thermobarometric calculations. Quartzite typically contains quartz, zircon and rutile; therefore, single-element thermometers, such as Zr-in-rutile, may be applied. We investigate changes in trace-element composition of rutile from quartzite through increasing metamorphic conditions. Studied samples derive from a quartzite package (Luminárias Nappe, Minas Gerais, Brazil) where previous thermobarometric constraints on metapelites showed an increasing metamorphic grade southwards, from high-pressure lower amphibolite facies (580°C; 0.9 GPa) to eclogite facies (630°C; 1.4 GPa). Rutile from the lower-grade facies samples show a large spread in Zr concentrations, with the highest values corresponding to temperature estimates higher than metamorphic conditions affecting those units, and thus interpreted as inherited detrital signatures. A narrower spread in Zr concentration is observed in rutile grains from the higher-grade facies, and estimated Zr-in-rutile temperatures agree with previous thermobarometric constraints. Therefore, we show that at 630°C, Zr contents in detrital rutile from quartzites re-equilibrate. The comparison between the quartzite- and metapelite-hosting rutile grains from the same area shows that the resetting of the geothermometer in the latter seems to occur at slightly lower temperatures (∼50°C lower).

Supplementary material:
A full dataset of analized trace elements in rutile is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6793887
Zircon trace-element and isotopes (U–Pb, Lu–Hf, δ
18
O) response to fluid-deficient metamorphism of a subducted continental terrane (North Muya, Eastern Siberia)
Authors: Skuzovatov Sergei , Wang Kuo-Lung , Li Xian-Hua , Iizuka Yoshiyuki , Shatsky Vladislav 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The orogenic continental crust of accretionary and collisional belts worldwide is dominated by felsic and metasedimentary rocks, which show variable responses to high-grade metamorphism. Transformation of felsic rocks is commonly limited as compared to that of the enclosed mafic rocks (including eclogites
sensu stricto
), which is widely attributed to availability of H
2
O–CO
2
fluids, kinetically controlled growth of high-grade assemblages, and their preferential preservation in metabasites more competent to rehydration. We report on the results of studies of the geochemical behaviour of zircon (trace-element, U–Pb, Lu–Hf and δ
18
O) in three felsic samples (two metagranitoids and one paragneiss), which are spatially (geographically and at the outcrop-scale) juxtaposed with mafic eclogites within the North Muya block (Neoproterozoic Baikalides, northern Central Asian Orogenic Belt). The data imply that metagranitoids and metasediments within the buried continental lithosphere might follow a single subduction-related
P
–
T
–
t
trend, whereas contrasting degrees of mineralogical and zircon transformation were governed by mineral buffer reactions in the absence of external fluids. The latter was significant only in an H
2
O-enriched protolith of metasediments. The formation of
18
O-depleted zircon recrystallization rims together with Mn enrichment of garnet rims indicate a distinct metamorphic stage without or with minor localized fluid infiltration, most likely, related to peak temperature conditions during collision.

Supplementary material:
The data on the mineral composition, trace-element and U–Pb–Lu–Hf–O isotopic composition of zircon are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6794043
Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei 
Published: August 2023

Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis and is difficult to detect in early stages. Therefore, developing new diagnostic markers for early-stage ovarian cancer is critical. Here, we developed a diagnostic marker for early-stage ovarian cancer on the basis of fatty acid metabolism characteristics of cancer cells. The expression of various fatty acid metabolizing enzymes such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) was altered in early-stage ovarian cancer tissue compared with that in normal ovarian tissue. Changes in the expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, particularly SCD1, in cancer tissues were found to alter concentrations of multiple free fatty acids (FFA) in serum. We were the first to show that fatty acid metabolic characteristics in tissues are related to the FFA composition of serum. Surprisingly, patients with stage I/II ovarian cancer also showed significant changes in serum levels of eight FFAs, which can be early diagnostic markers. Finally, using statistical analysis, an optimal early diagnostic model combining oleic and arachidic acid levels, fatty acids associated with SCD1, was established and confirmed to have higher diagnostic power than CA125, regardless of histology. Thus, our newly developed diagnostic model using serum FFAs may be a powerful tool for the noninvasive early detection of ovarian cancer.

Significance:
Measurement of serum FFA levels by changes in the expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes in tumor tissue would allow early detection of ovarian cancer. In particular, the SCD1-associated FFAs, oleic and arachidic acid, would be powerful new screening tools for early-stage ovarian cancer.
Temporal Variability of the Overturning Circulation in the Arctic Ocean and the Associated Heat and Freshwater Transports during 2004–10
Authors: Tsubouchi Takamasa , von Appen Wilken-Jon , Kanzow Torsten , de Steur Laura 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study quantifies the overturning circulation in the Arctic Ocean and associated heat transport (HT) and freshwater transport (FWT) from October 2004 to May 2010 based on hydrographic and current observations. Our main data source consists of 1165 moored instrument records in the four Arctic main gateways: Davis Strait, Fram Strait, Bering Strait, and the Barents Sea Opening. We employ a box inverse model to obtain mass and salt balanced velocity fields, which are then used to quantify the overturning circulation as well as HT and FWT. Atlantic Water is transformed into two different water masses in the Arctic Ocean at a rate of 4.3 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). Combined with 0.7 Sv of Bering Strait inflow and 0.15 Sv of surface freshwater flux, 2.2 Sv flows back to the south through Davis Strait and western Fram Strait as the upper limb of the overturning circulation, and 2.9 Sv returns southward through Fram Strait as the lower limb of the overturning. The Arctic Ocean imports heat of 180 ± 57 TW (long-term mean ± standard deviation of monthly means) with a methodological uncertainty of 20 TW and exports FW of 156 ± 91 mSv with an uncertainty of 61 mSv over the 6 years with a potential offset of ∼30 mSv. The HT and FWT have large seasonalities ranging between 110 and 260 TW (maximum in winter) and between 40 and 260 mSv (maximum in winter), respectively. The obtained overturning circulation and associated HT and FWT presented here are vital information to better understand the northern extent of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
Crippling of Klebsiella pneumoniae virulence by metformin, N-acetylcysteine and secnidazole
Authors: M. Shafik Shokri , Abbas Hisham A. , Yousef Nehal , Saleh Moustafa M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The emergence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospitals represents a serious threat to public health. Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae are widespread in healthcare institutions, mainly pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and infections affecting neonates in intensive care units; so, it is necessary to combat this pathogen with new strategies. Targeting virulence factors necessary to induce host damage and disease is a new paradigm for antimicrobial therapy with several potential benefits that could lead to decreased resistance.

Background
The influence of metformin, N-acetylcysteine, and secnidazole on Klebsiella pneumoniae virulence factors production was tested. The production of Klebsiella pneumoniae virulence factors such as biofilm formation, urease, proteases, hemolysins, and tolerance to oxidative stress was evaluated phenotypically using sub-inhibitory concentration (1/8 MIC) of metformin, N-acetylcysteine, and secnidazole. For more confirmation, qRT-PCR was used to assess the relative expression level of rmpA, wcaG, fimH-1, mrkD, ureA, and khe genes regulating virulence factors production.

Results
Metformin, N-acetylcysteine, and secnidazole were all found to have a powerful inhibitory effect on the production of virulence factors phenotypically. Our results showed a significant reduction in the expression level of rmpA, wcaG, fimH-1, mrkD, ureA, and khe genes. Furthermore, the tested drugs were investigated in vivo to inform their ability to protect mice against Klebsiella pneumoniae pathogenesis.

Conclusions
Metformin, N-acetylcysteine, and secnidazole inhibited the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Besides combating resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, the tested drugs could also serve as an adjuvant to traditional antibiotics.
Experiences of family caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities from rural areas in southeastern Iran: a qualitative study
Authors: Bahador Raziyeh Sadat , Farokhzadian Jamileh , Rafiee Sarbijan Nasab Farshid , Abbasi Mohsen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Caring for people with intellectual disabilities can be a challenging task, but it can also bring about positive experiences for family caregivers. The present study aimed to explore these positive experiences and shed light on the ways in which family caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities can find meaning and fulfillment in their roles.

Methods
This qualitative study used conventional content analysis to explore the positive experiences of family caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities. Sixteen family caregivers from rural areas in southeastern Iran were purposively selected to participate in the study. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman.

Results
The data analysis resulted in the emergence of a single theme, which was achievements of providing care for people with intellectual disabilities. This theme was comprised of four main categories: a new outlook on life, family caregivers’ peace of mind, strengthening of family ties, and improvement of social status. The provision of care for people with intellectual disabilities created positive changes, affecting family functioning and care provision for people with intellectual disabilities.

Conclusion
It is recommended that families of people with intellectual disabilities focus on these positive experiences and share them with other families who may be struggling with a recent diagnosis of intellectual disability in their child.
Comparison of pharmacy student performance in a self-care therapeutics course conducted as a flipped classroom on-campus and remotely
Authors: Cornelison Bernadette , Zerr Beth 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic required the University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy’s Self-Care Therapeutics course to be taught as a synchronous, live online course. The course has traditionally utilized a flipped-classroom to increase student engagement and improve learning performance. The goal of this study is to compare student performance in a flipped-classroom self-care therapeutics course taught to students attending class on-campus versus online via web-conferencing.

Methods
This study assessed examination performance of 118 students that took the class on-campus in 2019 and 125 students that took the class online in 2020. Course design was similar between the two cohorts, with each completing assigned pre-reading, an associated short multiple-choice quiz, in-class small group discussions and in-class large group faculty-led debrief. Both cohorts took pre-class quizzes and three examinations to assess their knowledge. Exam, quiz, overall class performance, and student experience was compared for the 2019 on-campus attending cohort and the 2020 online attending cohort.

Results
No statistical differences were seen in the overall exam performance, the final course score, and the student experience between cohorts. Statistical differences (p = 0.02) were found between cohorts for the overall quiz performance, with the on-campus attending cohort performing slightly better than the online attending cohort (mean score of 88% compared to 84.4%).

Conclusion
Examination performance was similar for students taking a flipped-classroom course online and on-campus. Further research using data from multiple courses or from the same cohort, randomized, is needed to improve the internal and external validity of these findings.
“Hooking method” for hepatic inflow control: a new approach for laparoscopic Pringle maneuver
Authors: Zhou Yi , Wang Yifan , Ma Jinliang , Zhang Chuanhai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The laparoscopic Pringle maneuver is crucial for controlling bleeding during laparoscopic hepatectomy. In this study, we introduce a new laparoscopic Pringle maneuver and preliminarily investigate its application in laparoscopic hepatectomy.

Methods
We collected and analyzed the clinical data of 17 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy at the Department of Hepatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, from January 2022 to January 2023. All patients underwent the hooking method for intermittent occlusion of hepatic inflow. Intraoperative and postoperative clinical indices were observed and recorded.

Results
All 17 patients underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy with hepatic inflow control using the hooking method. Four patients with adhesions under the hepatoduodenal ligament successfully had occlusion loops placed using the hooking method combined with Zhang’s modified method during surgery. The median occlusion time for the 17 patients was 34 (12–60) min, and the mean operation time was 210 ± 70 min. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 145 ± 86 ml, and no patients required intraoperative blood transfusion. The patients’ postoperative peak AST was 336 ± 183 U/L, and the postoperative peak ALT was 289 ± 159 U/L. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients (11.8%), including 1 Clavien-Dindo grade I and 1 Clavien-Dindo grade II complication. No Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa or higher complications or deaths occurred in any patient. None of the patients developed portal vein thrombosis or hepatic artery aneurysm formation. The median postoperative hospital stay was 6 (4–14) days.

Conclusion
The hooking method combines the advantages of both intracorporeal Pringle maneuver and extracorporeal Pringle maneuver. It is a simple, safe, and effective method for controlling hepatic inflow and represents a promising approach for performing totally intracorporeal laparoscopic Pringle maneuver.