bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘conflict trap’ reduces economic growth in the shared socioeconomic pathways
Authors: Petrova Kristina , Olafsdottir Gudlaug , Hegre Håvard , Gilmore Elisabeth A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Armed conflict and economic growth are inherently coupled; armed conflict substantially reduces economic growth, while economic growth is strongly correlated with a reduction in the propensity of armed conflict. Here, we simulate the incidence of armed conflict and its effect on economic growth simultaneously along the economic pathways defined by the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). We argue that gross domestic product per capita projections through the 21st century currently in use are too optimistic since they disregard the harm to growth caused by conflict. Our analysis indicates that the correction required to account for this is substantial—expected income is 25% lower on average across countries when taking conflict into account. The correction is particularly strong for the more pessimistic SSP3 and SSP4 where expected future incidence of armed conflict is high. There are strong regional patterns with countries with contemporaneous conflicts experiencing much higher conflict burdens and reduced economic growth by the end of the century. The implications of this research indicate that today’s most marginalized societies will be substantially more vulnerable to the impact of climate change than indicated by existing income projections.
Diversity of sharp restart
Authors: Eliazar Iddo , Reuveni Shlomi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
When applied to a stochastic process of interest, a restart protocol alters the overall statistical distribution of the process’ completion time; thus, the completion-time’s mean and randomness change. The explicit effect of restart on the mean is well understood, and it is known that: from a mean perspective, deterministic restart protocols—termed sharp restart—can out-perform any other restart protocol. However, little is known on the explicit effect of restart on randomness. This paper is the second in a duo exploring the effect of sharp restart on randomness: via a Shannon-entropy analysis in the first part, and via a diversity analysis in this part. Specifically, gauging randomness via diversity—a measure that is intimately related to the Renyi entropy—this paper establishes a set of universal criteria that determine: (A) precisely when a sharp-restart protocol decreases/increases the diversity of completion times; (B) the very existence of sharp-restart protocols that decrease/increase the diversity of completion times. Moreover, addressing jointly mean-behavior and randomness, this paper asserts and demonstrates when sharp restart has an aligned effect on the two (decreasing/increasing both), and when the effect is antithetical (decreasing one while increasing the other). The joint mean-diversity results require remarkably little information regarding the (original) statistical distributions of completion times, and are remarkably practical and easy to implement.
DC active power filter based on model predictive control for DC bus overvoltage suppression of accelerator grid power supply
Authors: ZHANG Hongqi , ZHU Bangyou , MA Shaoxiang , LI Zhiheng , ZHANG Ming , PAN Yuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor plans to build a 200 kV/25 A acceleration grid power supply (AGPS) for the negative-ion-based neutral beam injector prototype system. The AGPS uses a rectifier-inverter-isolated step-up structure. There is a DC bus between the rectifier and the inverter. In order to limit DC bus voltage ripple and transient fluctuations, a large number of capacitors are used, which degrades the reliability of the power supply and occupies a large amount of space. This work finds that due to the difference in the turn-off time of the rectifier and the inverter, the capacitance mainly depends on the rectifier current when the inverter is turned off. On this basis, an active power filter (APF) scheme is proposed to absorb the current. To enhance the dynamic response ability of the APF, model predictive control is adopted. In this paper, the circuit structure of the APF is introduced, the prediction model is deduced, the corresponding control strategy and signal detection method are proposed, and the simulation and experimental results show that APF can track the transient current of the DC bus and reduce the voltage fluctuation significantly.
A Demonstration of Modified Treatment Policies to Evaluate Shifts in Mobility and COVID-19 Case Rates in US Counties
Authors: Nugent Joshua R , Balzer Laura B 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMixed evidence exists of associations between mobility data and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case rates. We aimed to evaluate the county-level impact of reducing mobility on new COVID-19 cases in summer/fall of 2020 in the United States and to demonstrate modified treatment policies to define causal effects with continuous exposures. Specifically, we investigated the impact of shifting the distribution of 10 mobility indexes on the number of newly reported cases per 100,000 residents 2 weeks ahead. Primary analyses used targeted minimum loss-based estimation with Super Learner to avoid parametric modeling assumptions during statistical estimation and flexibly adjust for a wide range of confounders, including recent case rates. We also implemented unadjusted analyses. For most weeks, unadjusted analyses suggested strong associations between mobility indexes and subsequent new case rates. However, after confounder adjustment, none of the indexes showed consistent associations under mobility reduction. Our analysis demonstrates the utility of this novel distribution-shift approach to defining and estimating causal effects with continuous exposures in epidemiology and public health.
Co-Design with People with Lived Experience: Designing Resources to Communicate with Children and Young People in Care about their Family Time Contact Visits
Authors: Black Billy , Hendry Bobby , Wright Amy Conley , Collings Susan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Contact visits, or family time, enable children in out-of-home care to sustain relationships with their birth families. In Australia, direct contact including face-to-face visits is typical for children on long-term orders, including guardianship and open adoption. Caseworkers are charged with supporting relationships between children’s birth family members and carers and ensuring contact is safe and child-centred. This article describes how people with lived experience of family time in out-of-home care have collaborated with researchers to co-design practical resources, in the context of an action research study aimed at changing caseworker practice. These resources include a book for young children and a book for older children and adolescents, which both use trauma-informed language and empower their audiences to know their rights and ask for what they need. Additional resources include co-designed tip sheets for family members and carers. People who have personally experienced the care system have unique insights into the experience of family time in out-of-home care and how it can be improved. In partnership, researchers and people with lived experience can identify the gaps in knowledge and practice resources, and co-design resources that integrate lived experience and research findings, underpinned by theory.
Cortical speech tracking is related to individual prediction tendencies
Authors: Schubert Juliane , Schmidt Fabian , Gehmacher Quirin , Bresgen Annika , Weisz Nathan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Listening can be conceptualized as a process of active inference, in which the brain forms internal models to integrate auditory information in a complex interaction of bottom-up and top-down processes. We propose that individuals vary in their “prediction tendency” and that this variation contributes to experiential differences in everyday listening situations and shapes the cortical processing of acoustic input such as speech. Here, we presented tone sequences of varying entropy level, to independently quantify auditory prediction tendency (as the tendency to anticipate low-level acoustic features) for each individual. This measure was then used to predict cortical speech tracking in a multi speaker listening task, where participants listened to audiobooks narrated by a target speaker in isolation or interfered by 1 or 2 distractors. Furthermore, semantic violations were introduced into the story, to also examine effects of word surprisal during speech processing. Our results show that cortical speech tracking is related to prediction tendency. In addition, we find interactions between prediction tendency and background noise as well as word surprisal in disparate brain regions. Our findings suggest that individual prediction tendencies are generalizable across different listening situations and may serve as a valuable element to explain interindividual differences in natural listening situations.
Pharmacokinetics of Afatinib after Intravenous and Oral Administrations in Rats Using Validated UPLC MS/MS Assay
Authors: Almurshedi Alanood S , Radwan Mahasen A , Al Quadeib Bushra , Aldosari Basmah , Alfagih Iman M , Almarshidy Salma S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Afatinib is designated as the first-line management therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, and metastatic head and neck cancer. LC coupled to MS/MS can be utilised in therapeutic drug monitoring to ensure optimal use of Afatinib with the reduction of its possible adverse reactions. The aim of this investigation was to determine the pharmacokinetics of Afatinib in rats after single IV (2 mg/kg) and oral (8 mg/kg) doses. Therefore, a selective, sensitive and precise UPLC MS/MS assay thru electrospray ionisation basis with positive ionisation approach was established to measure Afatinib concentrations in the rat. The precision and accuracy of the developed assay method in the concentration range of 10–1000 ng/ml show no significant difference among inter- and-intra-day analysis (P &gt; 0.05). Linearity was detected over the studied range with correlation coefficient, r &gt; 0.995 (n = 6/day). The pharmacokinetics of Afatinib in the rat after a single IV dose showed a mean terminal half-life of 4.6 ± 0.97 h, and a mean clearance 480 ± 80 ml/h/kg. After PO administration, a short absorption phase with a mean Tmax of 1.3 ± 0.6 h with the highest concentration of 513.9 ± 281.1 ng/ml, and the lowest concentration detected after 24 h was 18.8 ± 10.7 ng/ml.
Discordant Clinical and Microbiological Outcomes Are Associated With Late Clinical Relapse in Clinical Trials for Complicated Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Kadry Nadia , Natarajan Mukil , Bein Edward , Kim Peter , Farley John 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Current US Food and Drug Administration guidance recommends that the primary endpoint for complicated urinary tract infection clinical trials be a composite of the clinical and microbiological responses, assessed at a fixed point after therapy. Although some participants meet the criteria for clinical success, they do not meet the criteria for microbiological eradication and are classified as treatment failures. These discordant outcomes have raised questions about the utility of the microbiological endpoint.

Methods
We analyzed participant data from 13 phase 3 clinical trials submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (N = 4842). Outcomes were determined at the test of cure (TOC) visit, recommended to occur at least 5 days after therapy and at the late follow-up visit, recommended to occur 21 to 28 days after randomization. Clinical and microbiological success were defined as the resolution of complicated urinary tract infection symptoms present at study entry, with no new symptoms (clinical cure), and a reduction in density of the original pathogen to &lt;103 CFU/mL on urine culture (microbiological eradication).

Results
Among included participants, 70.7% were concordant successes at the TOC visit, 18.0% were discordant failures (clinical cure/microbiological persistence), and 6.7% were concordant failures (clinical failure/microbiological persistence). Discordant participants were at an increased risk for clinical failure at the late follow-up visit, and the risk of late clinical failure increased with time.

Conclusions
Discordant clinical and microbiological outcomes at the TOC visit were associated with an increased risk of late clinical failure. Microbiological outcomes appear to be an important component of the endpoint.
Genome-wide DNA methylation predicts environmentally driven life history variation in a marine fish
Authors: Venney Clare J , Cayuela Hugo , Rougeux Clément , Laporte Martin , Mérot Claire , Normandeau Eric , Leitwein Maëva , Dorant Yann , Præbel Kim , Kenchington Ellen , Clément Marie , Sirois Pascal , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are thought to be one of the molecular mechanisms involved in plastic adaptive responses to environmental variation. However, studies reporting associations between genome-wide epigenetic changes and habitat-specific variations in life history traits (e.g., lifespan, reproduction) are still scarce, likely due to the recent application of methylome resequencing methods to non-model species. In this study, we examined associations between whole genome DNA methylation and environmentally driven life history variation in 2 lineages of a marine fish, the capelin (Mallotus villosus), from North America and Europe. In both lineages, capelin harbor 2 contrasting life history tactics (demersal vs. beach-spawning). Performing whole genome and methylome sequencing, we showed that life history tactics are associated with epigenetic changes in both lineages, though the effect was stronger in European capelin. Genetic differentiation between the capelin harboring different life history tactics was negligible, but we found genome-wide methylation changes in both lineages. We identified 9,125 European and 199 North American differentially methylated regions (DMRs) due to life history. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for both lineages revealed an excess of terms related to neural function. Our results suggest that environmental variation causes important epigenetic changes that are associated with contrasting life history tactics in lineages with divergent genetic backgrounds, with variable importance of genetic variation in driving epigenetic variation. Our study emphasizes the potential role of genome-wide epigenetic variation in adaptation to environmental variation.
Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Cape Cliff Lizard (Hemicordylus capensis)
Authors: Leitão Henrique G , Diedericks Genevieve , Broeckhoven Chris , Baeckens Simon , Svardal Hannes 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSquamates represent a highly diverse and species-rich vertebrate group that is remarkably understudied from a genomic perspective. A scarcity of genomic data is particularly evident for scincomorph lizards, which encompass over 10% of all living squamates, and for which high-quality genomic resources are currently lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we present the first chromosome-level reference genome for this group, generated from a male Cape cliff lizard (Hemicordylus capensis), using highly accurate PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing data, long-range Omni-C chromosomal conformation capture data and transcriptomic data for annotation. The rHemCap1.1 genome assembly spans 2.29 Gb, with a scaffold N50 of 359.65 Mb, and includes 25,300 protein-coding genes, with a BUSCO completeness score of 95.5% (sauropsida_odb10). We have generated the most contiguous and complete chromosome-level squamate reference genome assembly publicly available to date. Furthermore, we used short-read resequencing of 35 males and females and applied a differential coverage approach to infer the sex-determination system of the species, which was previously unknown. Our results suggest this species has XX/XY sex chromosomes, representing the first evidence of sex determination in the family Cordylidae. This reference genome will help to establish this species as an evolutionary model for studying variation in body armor, a key trait in cordylids and other squamate groups. Lastly, this is the first squamate reference genome from a continental African species and, as such, represents a valuable resource not only for further evolutionary research in cordylids but also in closely related groups.
Intergenerational Relationships Across Multiple Children and Older Parents’ Depressive Symptoms in China—A Resource Contingency Perspective
Authors: Li Ting , Zhang Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe multidimensional features of intergenerational relationships and the mixed feelings among parents with multiple children complicate how intergenerational relationships shape mental health among older parents. This study explores the patterns of intergenerational relationships among Chinese families with multiple children and their associations with older parents’ depressive symptoms.MethodsThrough 3 waves (2014, 2016, and 2018) of nationally representative longitudinal data obtained from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS), we used the k-means clustering method and fixed-effects models to address the research questions.ResultsThe findings revealed that over 41.64% of older parents had different types of intergenerational relationships with their different children. The closest parent–child relationship type was associated with the lowest levels of depressive symptoms among older parents, whereas the most estranged parent–child relationship type was associated with the highest levels of depressive symptoms. The most estranged parent–child relationship type (i.e., the alienated type) involving one child could reduce the psychological benefits gained through the closest type (i.e., the tight-knit type) involving another child. However, this moderation effect only manifested among socioeconomically privileged older parents.DiscussionThese findings highlight the importance of adopting a systematic view for studies regarding intergenerational relationships. The impacts of a single parent–child relationship on parents can be influenced by other parent–child relationships. Moreover, in the context of the dramatic and uneven social changes throughout China, the interactive features of intergenerational relationships have revealed an emerging strong preference for all-round relational harmony across multiple children, particularly among privileged Chinese families.
Patterns of populist mobilization: comparing narratives on COVID-19 in the global South
Authors: Belder F , Destradi S , Gurol J , Rodríguez C Heras , Kölük M , Martins J , Rogel S , Swarati S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article explores the narratives shaping the official discourse on COVID-19 in five countries governed by populists in different world regions. It is based on the assumption that a crisis like the pandemic constitutes a perfect occasion for populist mobilization, allowing populist leaders to construct reality in their favour by deliberately promoting own narratives about the pandemic, its origin and management. Analyzing 357 original-language speeches and statements by representatives of the populist governments of Brazil, Israel, India, Mexico and Turkey, the article shows that populists in power use crises to mobilize support in very different ways. Surprisingly, most populist governments neither resorted to anti-scientific claims or conspiratorial discourses attributing the crisis to obscure elites, nor blamed minorities not belonging to the ‘true people’. By contrast, except for Bolsonaro in Brazil, all other populist governments tried to mobilize support by emphasizing the strength of the ‘people’ or even by promoting an inclusive discourse of national unity, leaving aside the more divisive elements of their general populist discourse. Based on the cases analysed, the article concludes by developing hypotheses on the possible drivers of such variations in patterns of populist mobilization.
Order, justice and inequality: the curious case of jihadist divine justice
Authors: Mendelsohn Barak 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Many calls for a just world order discussed in this special section emphasize demands for equality in the name of an underprivileged group. The focus on these equality claims and claimants could create a false impression that justice is an objective term and that justice is necessarily made in the name of equality. In reality, the equation of justice with equality is a very recent development. Throughout history, numerous actors viewed order and justice in regimes of unequal entitlement. Even the weak and disadvantaged often envisioned justice not in equality, but in an order that would place them in a position of superiority. Using evidence from the views of al-Qaeda and the Islamic State on the relation between order, justice and equality, this article shows that for some a just order does not have to be based on equality, and in fact, depends on inequalities. Those who take for granted the idea that a just order requires equality should, thus, recognize that who is deserving and deprived of equality is not the only contested question; the disagreement over whether justice requires equality, or is manifest in inequality, has yet to be settled.
Contesting global justice from the South: redistribution in the international order
Authors: Lorca Arnulf Becker 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The climate and refugee crises, and of course a global pandemic, attest to the limits that an international order based on sovereign coexistence imposes on efforts to tackle global problems. Not only members of the global civil society, but also states invoke justice to overcome the limits imposed by sovereignty and to enable multilateral cooperation. But what counts as a just solution to global problems? This article shows a sharp North–South divide emerging when the South demands just and equitable solutions that are redistributive from North to South. As the North opposes redistribution, international lawyers and diplomats from the global South have devised legal strategies to circumvent opposition. Rather than appealing only to common goals and cosmopolitan theories demanding deep commitments from states to change the international order, developing countries have sought redistributive opportunities within existing international law. Using their sovereign entitlements, developing countries pursue a combative solidarity to obtain redistribution.