bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Whole Genome ofColletes collaris(Hymenoptera: Colletidae): An Important Step in Comparative Genomics of Cellophane Bees
Authors: Ferrari Rafael R , Batista Thiago M , Zhou Qing-Song , Hilário Heron O , Orr Michael C , Luo Arong , Zhu Chao-Dong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGaining knowledge on bees is of the utmost importance due to the paramount role that they play in angiosperm pollination. Herein, we provide the first genome assembly of Colletes collaris, a pan-Eurasian cellophane bee. We sequenced 50.53 Gbp of long-read data plus 57.36 Gbp of short-read data in Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina platforms, respectively. The genome assembly consisted of 374.75 Mbp distributed across 374 contigs, with L50 and N50 of 9 and 8.96 Mbp, respectively. We predicted the genome to comprise 20,399 protein-coding genes, 467,947 repeats, and 4,315 non-coding RNA genes. The transcriptome and mitochondrial genome of the species were also assembled. Gene family analysis with 15 insect species identified 14,417 families, 9,517 of them found in C. collaris. A dated phylogenomic analysis revealed high numbers of orthogroups experiencing rapid evolution within Colletes.
Mapping the Characteristics of Foreign Investment Screening Mechanisms: The New PRISM Dataset
Authors: Bauerle Danzman Sarah , Meunier Sophie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince the 2008 financial crisis, many advanced industrialized economies, while eager to attract foreign direct investment (FDI), have also implemented or tightened investment screening mechanisms (ISMs), which empower governments to restrict foreign takeovers. ISMs, at the nexus between international political economy and international security, are an understudied phenomenon, although they have recently gained in policy prominence worldwide as a result of emerging technological risks and new threat actors. This research note introduces the Politics and Regulation of Investment Screening Mechanisms dataset, a newly coded dataset on ISMs in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2007 to 2021, examining the evolution of seven key features of investment screening over time. Based on these novel data, we then describe patterns in the evolution of foreign investment screening policies. Next, we consider likely applications of the dataset to answer questions about the politics of investment as well as broader questions of economic exchange and institutional design in an age of great power competition—including by providing some initial statistical exercises on the relationship between Chinese FDI and R&D spending on ISM features. Finally, we suggest how investment screening fits within the new arsenal of unilateral instruments of economic statecraft currently being developed by liberal democracies.
Implementation research for promoting access and rational use of antibiotics for children: lessons learnt from Tanzania
Authors: Bwire George M , Kibwana Upendo O , Nkinda Lilian , Maganda Betty A , Mganga Mathew , Nshau Arapha Bashir , Williams Oliver , Midega Janet , Nyankesha Elevanie , Scherpbier Robert W 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Implementation research (IR) has proved to be a potential catalyst in facilitating the uptake of evidence-based innovations into routine practices and thereby maximizing public health outcomes. IR not only focuses on the effectiveness of the innovations but also identifies and addresses the barriers and facilitators to maximize their uptake into routine practices. This article describes the processes undertaken to implement a research project aimed at promoting access and rational use of antibiotics for children (PARAC). It also provides an overview of the lessons learnt during its implementation in Tanzanian hospital and community settings.
Non-redundant functionality of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum phospho-β-glucosidases revealed by carbohydrate utilization signatures associated to pbg2 and pbg4 gene mutants
Authors: Plaza-Vinuesa Laura , Sánchez-Arroyo Ana , López de Felipe Félix , de las Rivas Blanca , Muñoz Rosario 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aim
To increase our knowledge on the functionality of 6-phospho-β-glucosidases linked to phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems (PTS) that are encountered in high redundancy in the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 genome.

Methods and Results
Two L. plantarum WCFS1 gene mutants that lacked one of the 6-phospho-β-glucosidases, ∆pbg2 (or ∆lp_0906) or ∆pbg4 (or ∆lp_2777) were constructed and the metabolic impact of these mutations assessed by high-throughput phenotyping (Omnilog). The ∆pbg2 mutant displayed a reduced metabolic performance, having lost the capacity to utilize 20 out of 57 carbon (C)-sources used by the wild-type strain. Conversely, the ∆pbg4 mutant conserved the capacity to metabolize most of the C-sources preferred by the wild type strain. This mutant utilized 56 C-sources albeit the range of substrates used and hence its metabolic profiling differed from that of the WCFS1 strain. The ∆pbg2 mutant notably reduced or abolished the capacity to metabolize substrates related to pentose and glucoronate interconversions and was unable to assimilate fatty acids or nucleosides as sole C-sources for growth. The ∆pbg4 mutant acquired the capacity to utilize efficiently glycogen, indicating an efficient supply of glucose from this source.

Conclusion
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum gene mutants that lack individual 6-phospho-β-glucosidases display very different carbohydrate utilization signatures showing that these enzymes can be crucial to determine the capacity of L. plantarum to consume different C-sources and hence for the nutrition and physiology of this microorganism.
Bubbles and Stagnation
Authors: Xavier Inês 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper studies the consequences of asset bubbles for economies that are vulnerable to persistent stagnation. Stagnation is the result of a shortage of assets that creates an oversupply of savings and puts downward pressure on the level of interest rates. Once the zero lower bound on the nominal interest rate binds, the real rate cannot adjust further downward, forcing output to fall instead. In such context, bubbles are useful as they expand the supply of assets, absorb excess savings, and raise the natural interest rate—the real rate that is compatible with full employment—crowding in consumption and raising welfare. However, a risky bubble that can collapse with positive probability is smaller and less effective in doing so than a safe bubble. In this case, fiscal policy in the form of promised bailout transfers in case of a bubble collapse, can support an existing bubble and improve its size.
Chitin oligomers promote lymphoid innate and adaptive immune cell activation
Authors: Maia Ana , Cardona Gloria Yamel , Fuchs Katharina , Chang Tzu-Hsuan , Engels Pujan , Zhou Min , Hinnenthal Timo , Rusch Elisa , Gouttefangeas Cécile , Weber Alexander N R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chitin is a highly abundant N-acetylglucosamine polysaccharide that has been linked to immune responses in the context of fungal infections and allergic asthma, especially to T helper 2 immune responses. Unfortunately, due to the frequent use of crude chitin preparations of unknown purity and degree of polymerization, there is still great uncertainty about how chitin activates different parts of the human immune system. We recently identified chitin oligomers of 6 N-acetylglucosamine units as the smallest immunologically active chitin motif and the innate immune receptor TLR2 as a primary chitin sensor on human and murine myeloid cells, but the response of further immune cells (e.g. lymphoid cells) to oligomeric chitin has not been investigated. Our analysis of primary human immune cells now shows that chitin oligomers activate immune responses of both innate and adaptive lymphocytes: notably, chitin oligomers activated natural killer cells but not B lymphocytes. Moreover, chitin oligomers induced maturation of dendritic cells and enabled potent CD8+ T-cell recall responses. Our results suggest that chitin oligomers not only trigger immediate innate responses in a limited range of myeloid cells but also exert critical activities across the entire human immune system. This highlights chitin oligomer immune activation as an interesting and broadly applicable potential target for both adjuvant development and therapeutic interference in chitin-mediated pathologies.
Seasonal activity patterns of host-seeking Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Minnesota, 2015–2017
Authors: Burtis James C , Bjork Jenna , Johnson Tammi L , Schiffman Elizabeth , Neitzel David , Eisen Rebecca J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As the primary vector of Lyme disease spirochetes and several other medically significant pathogens, Ixodes scapularis presents a threat to public health in the United States. The incidence of Lyme disease is growing rapidly in upper midwestern states, particularly Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The probability of a tick bite, acarological risk, is affected by the phenology of host-seeking I. scapularis. Phenology has been well-studied in northeastern states, but not in the Upper Midwest. We conducted biweekly drag sampling across 4 woodland sites in Minnesota between April and November from 2015 to 2017. The majority of ticks collected were I. scapularis (82%). Adults were active throughout our entire 8-month collection season, with sporadic activity during the summer, larger peaks in activity observed in April, and less consistent and lower peaks observed in October. Nymphs were most active from May through August, with continuing low-level activity in October, and peak activity most commonly observed in June. The observed nymphal peak corresponded with the typical peak in reported human Lyme disease and anaplasmosis cases. These findings are consistent with previous studies from the Upper Midwest and highlight a risk of human exposure to I. scapularis at least from April through November. This information may aid in communicating the seasonality of acarological risk for those living in Minnesota and other upper midwestern states as well as being relevant to the assessment of the ecoepidemiology of Lyme disease and the modeling of transmission dynamics.
Polyarteritis nodosa: a case report of isolated large bowel involvement and surgical intervention
Authors: Sellyn Georgina E , Kapil Neil , Pabla Baldeep , Rahman Mujeeb Ur , Khan Aimal 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a necrotizing vasculitis commonly affecting small-sized vessels and medium-sized vessels. We present the case of surgical resection for ischemic colitis secondary to PAN. A 26-year-old woman presented with left lower quadrant pain, diarrhea and bloody stools. Colonoscopy showed diffuse circumferential ulceration and necrotic lining from the sigmoid colon to the splenic flexure. A subsequent computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed left colonic wall thickening, hypoenhancement and multiple inferior mesenteric artery aneurysms, concerning for vasculitis. Ensuing laboratory workup all returned negative. Worsening pain, left-sided peritonitis, tachycardia and rising white blood cell necessitated a colectomy from the proximal descending to upper rectum with an end colostomy. Surgical pathology showed features consistent with PAN. The patient improved significantly after surgery and was discharged on a steroid taper and later started on mycophenolate mofetil. This case is a unique presentation of isolated large intestinal involvement and was treated with both medical and surgical interventions.
Norovirus acute gastroenteritis amongst US and European travellers to areas of moderate to high risk of travellers’ diarrhoea: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Alberer Martin , Moe Christine L , Hatz Christoph , Kling Kerstin , Kirby Amy E , Lindsay Lisa , Nothdurft Hans D , Riera-Montes Margarita , Steffen Robert , Verstraeten Thomas , Wu Henry M , DuPont Herbert L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major medical condition for travellers worldwide, particularly travellers to low- and middle-income countries. Norovirus (NoV) is the most common cause of viral AGE in older children and adults, but data on prevalence and impact amongst travellers is limited.

Methods
Prospective, multi-site, observational cohort study conducted 2015–2017, amongst adult international travellers from the US and Europe to areas of moderate to high risk of travel-acquired AGE. Participants provided self-collected pre-travel stool samples and self-reported AGE symptoms whilst travelling. Post-travel stool samples were requested from symptomatic subjects and a sample of asymptomatic travellers within 14 days of return. Samples were tested for NoV by RT-qPCR, genotyped if positive and tested for other common enteric pathogens by Luminex xTAG GPP.

Results
Of the 1109 participants included, 437 (39.4%) developed AGE symptoms resulting in an overall AGE incidence of 24.7 per 100 person-weeks [95% confidence interval (CI): 22.4; 27.1]. In total, 20 NoV-positive AGE cases (5.2% of those tested) were identified at an incidence of 1.1 per 100 person-weeks (95% CI: 0.7; 1.7). NoV-positive samples belonged mostly to genogroup GII (18, 85.7%); None of the 13 samples sequenced belonged to genotype GII.4. Clinical severity of AGE was higher for NoV-positive than for NoV-negative cases (mean modified Vesikari Score 6.8 vs 4.9) with more cases classified as severe or moderate (25% vs 6.8%). In total, 80% of NoV-positive participants (vs 38.9% in NoV-negative) reported at least moderate impact on travel plans.

Conclusions
AGE is a prevalent disease amongst travellers with a small proportion associated with NoV. Post-travel stool sample collection timing might have influenced the low number of NoV cases detected; however, NoV infections resulted in high clinical severity and impact on travel plans. These results may contribute to targeted vaccine development and the design of future studies on NoV epidemiology.
Disruption of CHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 leads to yellow-green variegation in soybean leaves
Authors: Zhu Xiaobin , Zheng Kaijie , Lu Lei , Yu Hui , Wang Fawei , Yang Xinjing , Akhter Bhat Javaid , Zhao Beifang , Wang Yi , Li Haiyan , Yang Suxin , Feng Xianzhong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Yellow-green variegation leaf phenotype adds more value to ornamental plants, but it is regarded as an undesirable trait in crop plants, affecting their yields. Until recently, the underlying mechanism regulating the yellow-green variegation phenotype has remained largely unexplored in soybean. In the present study, we indentified four Glycine max leaf yellow/green variegation mutants, Gmvar1, Gmvar2, Gmvar3, and Gmvar4, from artificial mutagenesis populations. Map-based cloning, together with the allelic identification test and CRISPR-based gene knockout, proved that mutated GmCS1 controls yellow-green variegation phenotype of the Gmvar mutants. GmCS1 encodes a chorismate synthase in soybean. The content of Phe, Tyr, and Trp were dramatically decreased in Gmcs1 mutants. Exogenous supply of three aromatic amino acid mixtures, or only Phe to Gmvar mutants, leads to recovery of the mutant phenotype. The various biological processes and signalling pathways related to metabolism and biosynthesis were altered in Gmvar mutants. Collectively, our findings provide new insights about the molecular regulatory network of yellow-green variegation leaf phenotype in soybean.
Assessing theoretical uncertainties for cosmological constraints from weak lensing surveys
Authors: Tan Ting , Zürcher Dominik , Fluri Janis , Refregier Alexandre , Tarsitano Federica , Kacprzak Tomasz 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Weak gravitational lensing is a powerful probe, which is used to constrain the standard cosmological model and its extensions. With the enhanced statistical precision of current and upcoming surveys, high-accuracy predictions for weak lensing statistics are needed to limit the impact of theoretical uncertainties on cosmological parameter constraints. For this purpose, we present a comparison of the theoretical predictions for the non-linear matter and weak lensing power spectra, based on the widely used fitting functions ($\texttt {mead}$ and $\texttt {rev-halofit}$ ), emulators ($\texttt {EuclidEmulator}$ , $\texttt {EuclidEmulator2}$ , $\texttt {BaccoEmulator}$ , and $\texttt {CosmicEmulator}$ ), and N-body simulations (pkdgrav3). We consider the forecasted constraints on the $\Lambda \texttt {CDM}$ and $\texttt {wCDM}$ models from weak lensing for stage III and stage IV surveys. We study the relative bias on the constraints and their dependence on the assumed prescriptions. Assuming a $\Lambda \texttt {CDM}$ cosmology, we find that the relative agreement on the S8 parameter is between 0.2 and 0.3σ for a stage III-like survey between the above predictors. For a stage IV-like survey the agreement becomes 1.4–3.0σ. In the $\texttt {wCDM}$ scenario, we find broader S8 constraints, and agreements of 0.18–0.26σ and 0.7–1.7σ for stage III and stage IV surveys, respectively. The accuracies of the above predictors therefore appear adequate for stage III surveys, whereas the fitting functions would need improvements for future stage IV surveys. Furthermore, we find that, of the fitting functions, $\texttt {mead}$ provides the best agreement with the emulators. We discuss the implication of these findings for the preparation of future weak lensing surveys, and the relative impact of theoretical uncertainties to other systematics.
Stability of galaxies across morphological sequence
Authors: Aditya K 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the stability of nearby disc galaxies and galaxies at redshift (z) equal to 4.5. We explore the connection between the stability parameter (QRW), star formation rate (SFR), gas fraction (fGas), and the time-scale for growth of gravitational instabilities (τ). We find that, despite differences in morphology 91 per cent of the nearby galaxies have a minimum value of stability parameter ($Q^{Min}_{RW}$) greater than 1 indicating stability against the growth of axisymmetric instabilities. The spirals in our sample have higher median star formation rate, lower median QRW, a lower fGas and small time scale for growth of gravitational instabilities than irregular galaxies. We find that the gravitational instabilities in spirals convert a large fraction of gas into stars quickly, depleting the gas reservoirs. On the other hand, star formation occurs more gradually over longer time-scales in irregulars with a higher gas fraction. We then compare the stability of the nearby galaxies with galaxies at $z\, =\, 4.5$. We find that net stability levels in the nearby galaxies and the galaxies at $z\, =\, 4.5$ are primarily driven by the stellar disc suggesting the presence of an inherent mechanism that self-regulates the stability. Finally, upon removing the contribution of the dark matter to the total potential, the median QRW for the nearby galaxies and galaxies at $z \, = \, 4.5$ remains unchanged indicating that the baryons can self-regulate the stability levels, at least in a statistical sense.
Guess the cheese flavour by the size of its holes: a cosmological test using the abundance of popcorn voids
Authors: Paz Dante J , Correa Carlos M , Gualpa Sebastiín R , Ruiz Andres N , Bederián Carlos S , Graña R Dario , Padilla Nelson D 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a new definition of cosmic void and a publicly available code with the algorithm that implements it. Underdense regions are defined as free-form objects, called popcorn voids, made from the union of spheres of maximum volume with a given joint integrated underdensity contrast. The method is inspired by the excursion-set theory and consequently no rescaling processing is needed, the removal of overlapping voids and objects with sizes below the shot noise threshold is inherent in the algorithm. The abundance of popcorn voids in the matter field can be fitted using the excursion-set theory provided the relationship between the linear density contrast of the barrier and the threshold used in void identification is modified relative to the spherical evolution model. We also analysed the abundance of voids in biased tracer samples in redshift space. We show how the void abundance can be used to measure the geometric distortions due to the assumed fiducial cosmology, in a test similar to an Alcock–Paczyński test. Using the formalism derived from previous works, we show how to correct the abundance of popcorn voids for redshift-space distortion effects. Using this treatment, in combination with the excursion-set theory, we demonstrate the feasibility of void abundance measurements as cosmological probes. We obtain unbiased estimates of the target parameters, albeit with large degeneracies in the parameter space. Therefore, we conclude that the proposed test in combination with other cosmological probes has potential to improve current cosmological parameter constraints.
Diffusion basis spectrum imaging as an adjunct to conventional MRI leads to earlier diagnosis of high-grade glioma tumor progression versus treatment effect
Authors: Han Rowland H , Johanns Tanner M , Roberts Kaleigh F , Tao Yu , Luo Jingqin , Ye Zezhong , Sun Peng , Blum Jacob , Lin Tsen-Hsuan , Song Sheng-Kwei , Kim Albert H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Following chemoradiotherapy for high-grade glioma (HGG), it is often challenging to distinguish treatment changes from true tumor progression using conventional MRI. The diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) hindered fraction is associated with tissue edema or necrosis, which are common treatment-related changes. We hypothesized that DBSI hindered fraction may augment conventional imaging for earlier diagnosis of progression versus treatment effect.

Methods
Adult patients were prospectively recruited if they had a known histologic diagnosis of HGG and completed standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy. DBSI and conventional MRI data were acquired longitudinally beginning 4 weeks post-radiation. Conventional MRI and DBSI metrics were compared with respect to their ability to diagnose progression versus treatment effect.

Results
Twelve HGG patients were enrolled between August 2019 and February 2020, and 9 were ultimately analyzed (5 progression, 4 treatment effect). Within new or enlarging contrast-enhancing regions, DBSI hindered fraction was significantly higher in the treatment effect group compared to progression group (P = .0004). Compared to serial conventional MRI alone, inclusion of DBSI would have led to earlier diagnosis of either progression or treatment effect in 6 (66.7%) patients by a median of 7.7 (interquartile range = 0–20.1) weeks.

Conclusions
In the first longitudinal prospective study of DBSI in adult HGG patients, we found that in new or enlarging contrast-enhancing regions following therapy, DBSI hindered fraction is elevated in cases of treatment effect compared to those with progression. Hindered fraction map may be a valuable adjunct to conventional MRI to distinguish tumor progression from treatment effect.