bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landowner and biologist perceptions of game bird predators and management
Authors: Fino Samantha R. , Gigliotti Larry M. , Pearse Aaron T. , Stafford Joshua D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNest survival has been identified as one of the most influential vital rates causing population change in game birds, and depredation, often influenced by habitat loss and fragmentation, is the primary cause of nest failure of upland game birds. We were interested in quantifying and comparing the perspectives of landowners and biologists in South Dakota regarding complex predator‐prey interactions to improve communication and management efficacy. We developed a questionnaire regarding the following: 1) general attitude statements about game bird species; 2) perceived impacts of 9 factors (e.g., development, pollution, predators) and 13 potential predators on game bird abundances; and 3) attitude statements regarding use of lethal predator control and nesting habitat management practices. A cluster analysis using landowner attitude statements about predator management identified 3 landowner segments that had strong (most supportive; 37%), moderate (moderately supportive; 35%), or weak (least supportive; 28%) attitude statements about lethal predator control. Landowner segments most supportive and moderately supportive of predator control rated predators as the primary negative factor impacting game bird abundances and agreed that predators were the primary cause of game bird abundance declines, whereas the landowner segment least supportive of predator control rated habitat loss as the top factor and disagreed that predators were the primary cause of game bird declines. Biologists rated habitat loss as the top factor negatively impacting game bird abundances and disagreed that predators were the primary cause of game bird abundance declines. Thus, when considering the effectiveness of strategies to reduce nest depredation, most landowners focused on the direct cause of nest failures (predators), whereas biologists focused on an indirect cause (habitat loss). Perception differences among these groups emphasizes the need for better communication on proximate and ultimate factors affecting game bird populations and how these differences may impact management decisions.
A History of South China Sea Hydrocarbon Seep Research
Authors: Feng Dong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs of approximately two decades after the first discovery of marine hydrocarbon seep systems in the 1980s, a number of hydrocarbon seep sites have been found in the South China Sea (SCS). During the past two decades, the SCS has become one of the areas in the world with the most intensive studies on hydrocarbon seep systems. The first major breakthrough was made in 2004, when the “Jiulong methane reef”, a large chemoherm carbonate build-up, was discovered during the Chinese–German research cruise in the NE Dongsha area. Continuous exploration in the following ten years has significantly enhanced the understanding of the SCS hydrocarbon seeps, e.g., their distribution, magnitudes, fluid sources, and ages. The second major breakthroughs were achieved during 2013–2015, with the discovery of active cold seeps from Site F to Yam to Haima by submersible vehicles. These active cold seeps have been revisited by remotely operated vehicles, Faxian, Haima, and ROPOS, and a manned submersible, Deep Sea Warrior. Submarine vehicles and robots are now essential for scientists to conduct multidisciplinary studies of seeps. South China Sea hydrocarbon seeps have received increasing scientific attention and are now among the best-studied seep areas globally. This chapter introduces the history of the study of SCS hydrocarbon seeps.
Classical geometry from the tensionless string
Authors: Knighton Bob 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tensionless string theory on AdS3 × S3 × $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
is explored in the limit that the strings wind the asymptotic boundary a large number of times. Although the worldsheet is usually thought to be localised to the AdS boundary, we argue that the string can actually probe the bulk geometry in this limit. In particular, we show that correlation functions can be expressed in terms of a minimal-area worldsheet propagating in AdS3. We then relate the classical motion of the string to the twistor-like free field description of the tensionless worldsheet theory. Finally, we consider a particular dimensional reduction of AdS3 to AdS2, and show that the effective action of the worldsheet formally resembles the one-dimensional Schwarzian theory of JT gravity with conical defects.
Dynamical Black Hole Entropy in Effective Field Theory
Authors: Davies Iain , Reall Harvey S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In recent work, Hollands, Kovács and Reall have built on previous work of Wall to provide a definition of dynamical black hole entropy for gravitational effective field theories (EFTs). This entropy satisfies a second law of black hole mechanics to quadratic order in perturbations around a stationary black hole. We determine the explicit form of this entropy for the EFT of 4d vacuum gravity including terms in the action with up to 6 derivatives. An open question concerns the gauge invariance of this definition of black hole entropy. We show that gauge invariance holds for the EFT of vacuum gravity with up to 6 derivatives but demonstrate that it can fail when 8 derivative terms are included. We determine an entropy for Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory by treating it as an EFT with vanishing 6 derivative terms.
Rezidivierende Serratia-marcescens-Bakteriämie: Wer suchet, der findet
Authors: Banz Micha , Memisevic Nedim , Diab Mahmoud , Malouhi Amer , Hagel Stefan 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungEin 79-jähriger Patient wird aufgrund einer rezidivierenden Serratia-marcescens-Bakteriämie stationär behandelt. Es konnten eine Infektion der Elektroden des implantierbaren Kardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) mit septischen pulmonalen Embolien und eine Spondylodiszitis diagnostiziert werden. Zusätzlich zur Antibiotikatherapie erfolgte die komplette Extraktion des ICD-Systems. Bei Patienten mit kardialen elektronischen Implantaten (CIED) und einer nicht hinreichend erklärbaren bzw. rezidivierend auftretenden Bakteriämie, unabhängig davon, um welchen Erreger es sich handelt, muss immer eine CIED-assoziierte Infektion ausgeschlossen werden.
Design and development of a new metamaterial sensor-based Minkowski fractal antenna for medical imaging
Authors: Jagadeesan Vijayalakshmi , Venkatachalam Dinesh , Vinod Vibin Mammen , Loganathan Ashok Kumar , Muthusamy Suresh , Krishnamoorthy Mahendran , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Geetha Mithra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe metamaterial sensor antenna is numerically designed to detect breast cancer using breast cancer cell lines, especially relying on the electrical characteristics of breast cancer cells, and designed antenna is measured and the results are observed. The metamaterial sensor antenna is a simple and efficient antenna which is designed using the Minkowski fractal curve with a ring-shaped Split Ring Resonator (SRR). The SRR is chosen because of its inductive and capacitive resonating properties. In addition, the Minkowski fractal curve is used as a defective ground structure to improve sensor sensitivity and selectivity. The numerical investigations are based on different iterations of the Minkowski fractal curve. In that iteration, the third iteration of the Minkowski fractal gives better results. The designed antenna is tested with breast cancer cell lines, and it resonates at a frequency of 2.35, 2.42, and 2.52 GHz for different dielectric constants and conductivity. The simulated design antenna is tested with different cancer cell lines like MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and HS758-T to ensure its performance and selectivity. The measured result of the fabricated antenna shows that the antenna design resonates at the same frequency as the simulated antenna results.
Is preoperative sarcopenia associated with postoperative complications after pelvic exenteration surgery?
Authors: Bedrikovetski Sergei , Traeger Luke , Jay Alice A. , Oehler Martin K. , Cho Jonathan , Wagstaff Marcus , Vather Ryash , Sammour Tarik 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pelvic exenteration (PE) involves radical surgical resection of pelvic organs and is associated with considerable morbidity. Sarcopenia is recognised as a predictor of poor surgical outcomes. This study aimed to determine if preoperative sarcopenia is associated with postoperative complications after PE surgery.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients who underwent PE with an available preoperative CT scan between May 2008 and November 2022 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital and St. Andrews Hospital in South Australia. Total Psoas Area Index (TPAI) was estimated by measuring the cross-sectional area of the psoas muscles at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on abdominal CT, normalised for patient height. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on gender-specific TPAI cut-off values. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for major postoperative complications with a Clavien-Dindo (CD) grade ≥ 3.

Results
In total, 128 patients who underwent PE were included, 90 of whom formed the non-sarcopenic group (NSG) and 38 the sarcopenic group (SG). Major postoperative complications (CD grade ≥ 3) occurred in 26 (20.3%) patients. There was no detectable association with sarcopenia and an increased risk of major postoperative complications. Preoperative hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.01) and a prolonged operative time (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with a major postoperative complication on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
Sarcopenia is not a predictor of major postoperative complications in patients undergoing PE surgery. Further efforts aimed specifically at optimising preoperative nutrition may be warranted.
Surgical and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (D3 + CME) for colon cancer: A prospective single-center cohort study
Authors: Wu Xiaolin , Tong Yixin , Xie Daxing , Li Haijie , Shen Jie , Gong Jianping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Complete mesocolic excision (CME) or D3 lymphadenectomy led to survival benefits for locally advanced right colon cancer, but with vague definitions in anatomy and debated surgical hazard in clinic. Aiming to achieve a precise definition of it in anatomy, we proposed laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (D3 + CME) as a novel procedure for colon cancer. However, the surgical and oncological results of this procedure in clinic were uncertain.

Methods
We performed a cohort study involving prospective data collected from a single-center in China. Data from all patients who underwent right hemicolectomy between January 2014 and December 2018 were included. We compared the surgical and oncological outcomes between D3 + CME and conventional CME.

Results
After implementation of exclusion criteria, a total of 442 patients were included. D3 + CME group performed better in lymph nodes harvested (25.0 [17.0, 33.8] vs. 18.0 [14.0, 25.0], P < 0.001) and the proportion of intraoperative blood loss ≥ 50 mL (31.7% vs. 51.8%, P < 0.001); no significant difference was observed in the complication rates between two groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that a better cumulative 5-year disease-free survival (91.3% vs. 82.2%, P = 0.026) and a better cumulative 5-year overall survival (95.2% vs. 86.1%, P = 0.012) were obtained in the D3 + CME group. Multivariate COX regression revealed that D3 + CME was an independent protective factor for disease-free survival (P = 0.026).

Conclusion
D3 + CME could improve surgical and oncological outcomes simultaneously for right colon cancer compared to conventional CME. Large-scale randomized controlled trials were further required to confirm this conclusion, if possible.

Graphical Abstract
Beurteilung des Stellenwertes der neuropädiatrischen Diagnostik im Rahmen der initialen Autismusabklärung
Authors: Ruffing Sarah , Ullrich Christine , Flotats-Bastardas Marina , Poryo Martin , Meyer Sascha 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Diagnostik bei Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen ist aufgrund fehlender biologischer Marker und zahlreicher Komorbiditäten anspruchsvoll. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Stellenwert der neuropädiatrischen Diagnostik zu beurteilen und eine interne Leitlinie zu erstellen.

Methodik
Eingeschlossen wurden alle Patienten, die sich zwischen 04/2014 und 12/2017 in der neuropädiatrischen Ambulanz am Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes mit der Diagnose „tiefgreifende Entwicklungsstörungen“ (ICD-Code F84) vorgestellt haben.

Ergebnisse
Die Studie umfasste 82 Patienten (männlich 78 %, weiblich 22 %; Durchschnittsalter 5,9 ± 2,9 Jahre, Spanne 2 bis 16 Jahre). Häufigste Untersuchung war die Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) (74/82; 90,2 %); diese war bei 33,8 % (25/74) auffällig. Anhand der Anamnese und/oder des EEGs wurde bei 16/82 (19,5 %) Kindern die Diagnose „Epilepsie“ gestellt. Eine kranielle Magnetresonanztomographie (cMRT) erhielten 49/82 (59,8 %) der Patienten; 22/49 (44,9 %) zeigten mindestens einen auffälligen Befund; bei 14/22 (63,6 %) ließen sich eindeutige Pathologien feststellen. Eine Stoffwechseldiagnostik wurde bei 44/82 (53,7 %) Kindern veranlasst; bei 5/44 (11,4 %) resultierte daraus eine Diagnose oder der Verdacht auf eine Stoffwechselerkrankung. Das Ergebnis einer genetischen Diagnostik lag bei 29/82 (35,4 %) Kindern vor mit Auffälligkeiten in 41,4 % (12/29). Eine motorische Entwicklungsverzögerung war häufiger mit Komorbiditäten, EEG-Auffälligkeiten, Epilepsie und Auffälligkeiten in der Stoffwechsel- sowie genetischen Diagnostik assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerung
Die neuropädiatrische Mitbeurteilung bei Verdacht auf Autismus sollte bei jedem Kind eine detaillierte Anamnese, eine neurologische Untersuchung sowie ein EEG beinhalten. Die Durchführung einer cMRT, einer Stoffwechsel- sowie einer genetischen Diagnostik wird nur bei klinischer Indikation empfohlen.
The adoption of conservation practices in the Corn Belt: the role of one formal farmer network, Practical Farmers of Iowa
Authors: Asprooth L. , Norton M. , Galt R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSubstantial evidence has shown that involvement in peer-to-peer farming networks influences whether a farmer decides to try a new practice. Formally organized farmer networks are emerging as a unique entity that blend the benefits of decentralized exchange of farmer knowledge within the structure of an organization providing a variety of sources of information and forms of engagement. We define formal farmer networks as farmer networks with a distinct membership and organizational structure, leadership that includes farmers, and an emphasis on peer-to-peer learning. This study complements existing ethnographic research on the benefits of organized farmer networking by examining farmers in one longstanding formal farmer network, Practical Farmers of Iowa. Using a nested, mixed-method research design, we analyzed survey and interview data to understand how participation and forms of engagement in the network are associated with the adoption of conservation practices. Responses from 677 farmers from a regular member survey disseminated by Practical Farmers of Iowa in 2013, 2017, and 2020 were pooled and analyzed. GLM binomial and ordered logistic regression results indicate that greater participation in the network, particularly through in-person formats, has a strong and significant association with greater adoption of conservation practices. Logistic regression results show that building relationships in the network is the most important variable for predicting whether a farmer reported adopting conservation practices as a result of participation in PFI. In-depth interviews with 26 surveyed member farmers revealed that PFI supports farmers to adopt by providing information, resources, encouragement, confidence building, and reinforcement. In-person learning formats were more important to farmers relative to independent formats because they were able to have side conversations with other farmers, ask questions, and observe results. We conclude that formal networks are a promising way to expand the use of conservation practices, particularly through targeted efforts to increase relationship building in the network through face-to-face learning opportunities.
Age-specific effects of weight-based body size on fracture risk in later life: a lifecourse Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Power Grace Marion , Tobias Jonathan H , Frayling Timothy M , Tyrrell Jessica , Hartley April E , Heron Jon E , Davey Smith George , Richardson Tom G 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMusculoskeletal conditions, including fractures, can have severe and long-lasting consequences. Higher body mass index in adulthood is widely acknowledged to be protective for most fracture sites. However, sources of bias induced by confounding factors may have distorted previous findings. Employing a lifecourse Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach by using genetic instruments to separate effects at different life stages, this investigation aims to explore how prepubertal and adult body size independently influence fracture risk in later life.Using data from a large prospective cohort, univariable and multivariable MR were conducted to simultaneously estimate the effects of age-specific genetic proxies for body size (n = 453,169) on fracture risk (n = 416,795). A two-step MR framework was additionally applied to elucidate potential mediators. Univariable and multivariable MR indicated strong evidence that higher body size in childhood reduced fracture risk (OR, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.82 to 0.96, P = 0.005 and 0.76, 0.69 to 0.85, P = 1 × 10− 6, respectively). Conversely, higher body size in adulthood increased fracture risk (OR, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.01 to 1.16, P = 0.023 and 1.26, 1.14 to 1.38, P = 2 × 10− 6, respectively). Two-step MR analyses suggested that the effect of higher body size in childhood on reduced fracture risk was mediated by its influence on higher estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) in adulthood.This investigation provides novel evidence that higher body size in childhood reduces fracture risk in later life through its influence on increased eBMD. From a public health perspective, this relationship is complex since obesity in adulthood remains a major risk factor for co-morbidities. Results additionally indicate that higher body size in adulthood is a risk factor for fractures. Protective effect estimates previously observed are likely attributed to childhood effects.
Direct and indirect effects of salinisation on riverine biota: a case study from river Wipper, Germany
Authors: Feld Christian K. , Lorenz Armin W. , Peise Matthias , Fink Manfred , Schulz Claus-Jürgen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSalinisation has direct and detrimental physiological effects on freshwater organisms, yet little is known about its indirect effects. Here, we present a study that investigated the primary and secondary effects of salinisation on aquatic macroinvertebrates. We analysed macroinvertebrate samples from nine sites in river Wipper, Germany against nine stressor variables (water quality, salinisation, hydromorphological degradation). A Principal Component Analysis showed water quality deterioration and physical habitat degradation to constitute the main stressor gradients. Two macroinvertebrate community metrics (index of general degradation and percent Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera specimens) revealed strong and significant positive correlations with water quality, but only weak and insignificant positive correlations with hydromorphological quality. High-resolution temporal measurements revealed notable oxygen deficits at a salinised and macrophyte-rich site that was dominated by the salt-tolerant macrophyte species Stuckenia [Potamogeton] pectinata (L.) Börner. At the site, oxygen levels frequently dropped below 6 mg/L during nighttime, suggesting an interaction of osmoregulatory stress (through salinisation) and respiratory stress (through plant mitochondrial respiration) that is caused by the mass development of a salt-tolerant macrophyte species. This biologically driven interaction of direct and indirect salinisation effects adds another level of complexity to the influence of multiple stressors in lotic systems and requires consideration in river management and restoration.
New evidence for the unique coexistence of two subfamilies of clawed perissodactyls (Mammalia, Chalicotheriidae) in the Upper Miocene of Romania and the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Kampouridis Panagiotis , Rățoi Bogdan Gabriel , Ursachi Laurențiu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChalicotheres are a peculiar group of large herbivorous mammals, closely related to extant tapirs, rhinoceroses, and horses, but with large claws instead of hooves. The family Chalicotheriidae consists of two subfamilies, the Schizotheriinae and the Chalicotheriinae. Herein we present chalicothere remains from the Upper Miocene locality of Pogana 1 in Romania, identifying the schizotheriineAncylotherium pentelicumand an indeterminate chalicotheriine that were both found in the same stratigraphic layer. Thus, the Pogana 1 locality represents one of the very few confirmed cases of the co-occurrence of the two subfamilies within one fossiliferous horizon in the same fossil site. A detailed review of all localities where the two subfamilies have been reported to co-occur shows that this is a rare phenomenon that is almost exclusively observed in the Turolian of the Balkan-Iranian zoogeographical province. This is probably due to provincial differences in the palaeoenvironment. The data presented here support the hypothesis of a diverse mosaic environment in the Balkan-Iranian province with both closed environments and open habitats that was able to sustain a rich and diverse large mammal fauna.
Depression Socialization in Early Adolescent Friendships: The Role of Baseline Depressive Symptoms and Autonomous Functioning
Authors: Bernasco Esther L. , van der Graaff Jolien , Nelemans Stefanie A. , Kaufman Tessa M. L. , Branje Susan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is mixed evidence for depression socialization, a process by which friends affect each other’s level of depressive symptoms. The current study examined whether adolescents’ baseline depressive symptoms and three dimensions of autonomous functioning (autonomy, peer resistance, and friend adaptation) make adolescents more or less sensitive to depression socialization, and how these dimensions of autonomous functioning were connected. In this preregistered, two-wave longitudinal study, participants completed questionnaires on depressive symptoms, autonomy, and peer resistance and participated in a task to assess friend adaptation. Participants were 416 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 11.60, 52.8% girls) across 230 close friend dyads. In contrast to expectations, results showed no significant depression socialization nor significant moderation. Furthermore, autonomy and peer resistance were related but distinct constructs, and not related to friend adaptation. These findings suggest that there is no depression socialization in early adolescence, regardless of level of autonomous functioning.