bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular Cyclization of the ortho‐Substituted N‐arylquinone Imines under Basic and Thermal Conditions
Authors: Khodykina Evgenia S. , Steglenko Dmitry V. , Vetrova Elena V. , Pugachev Artem D. , Galkina Maria S. , Borodkina Inna G. , Lesin Alexander V. , Demidov Oleg P. , Metelitsa Anatoly V. , Kolodina Alexandra A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe S(O,N)‐benzyl ethers of N‐arylquinone imines undergo cyclization under the action of bases to form products of the benzothiazol, benzoxazole, and benzimidazole series, while under thermal conditions they undergo a non‐catalyzed rearrangement to form spiro‐cyclohexadiene derivatives of benzazines. The benzimidazole, spirobenzothiazine, and spirobenzoxazine structures were supported by the x‐ray diffraction method. The possibility of intramolecular photochemical cyclization was investigated; ortho‐S(O,N)‐benzyl‐substituted N‐arylquinone imines show high photostability under UV irradiation. The features of the cyclization processes of quinone imine derivatives were revealed by DFT calculations using the wB97XD/6‐311++G** method.
Tailored Heterojunction Active Sites for Oxygen Electrocatalyst Promotion in Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Go Hyun Wook , Nguyen Thanh Tuan , Ngo Quynh Phuong , Chu Rongrong , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) are promising energy storage systems due to their low‐cost and safety. However, the working principle of ZABs is based on oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which display sluggish kinetic and low stability. Herein, this work proposes a novel method to design a heterogeneous CoP/CoO electrocatalyst on mesopore nanobox carbon/carbon nanotube (CoP/CoO@MNC‐CNT) that enriched active sites and synergistic effect. Moreover, the well‐defined heterointerfaces could lower the energy barrier for intermediate species adsorption and promote OER and ORR electrochemical performances. The CoP/CoO@MNC‐CNT electrocatalyst presents a high half‐wave potential of 0.838 V for ORR and a small overpotential of 270 mV for OER. The ZABs‐based CoP/CoO@MNC‐CNT air‐cathode shows an open‐circuit voltage of 1.409 V, the long‐term cycle life of 500 h with a small voltage difference change of 7.7%. Additionally, the flexible ZABs exhibit highly mechanical stability, demonstrating their application potential in wearable electronic devices.
L‐Arginine‐Functionalized Carbon Dots with Enhanced Red Emission and Upregulated Intracellular L‐Arginine Intake for Obesity Inhibition
Authors: Wang Liming , Li Licen , Wang Bingzhe , Wu Jun , Liu Yupeng , Liu Enshan , Zhang Huiqi , Zhang Bohan , Xing Guichuan , Li Qinglin , Tang Zikang , Deng Chuxia , Qu Songnan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObesity is a major global health problem that significantly increases the risk of many other diseases. Herein, a facile method of suppressing lipogenesis and obesity using L‐arginine‐functionalized carbon dots (L‐Arg@CDots) is reported. The prepared CDots with a negative surface charge form stronger bonds than D‐arginine and lysine with L‐Arg in water. The L‐Arg@CDots in the aqueous solution offer a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 23.6% in the red wavelength region. The proposed L‐Arg functionalization strategy not only protects the red emission of the CDots from quenching by water molecules but also enhances the intracellular uptake of L‐Arg to reduce lipogenesis. Injection of L‐Arg@CDots can reduce the body weight increase in ob/ob mice by suppressing their food intake and shrinking the white adipose tissue cells, thereby significantly inhibiting obesity.
Electronic Structure Modulation of Nickel Sites by Cationic Heterostructures to Optimize Ethanol Electrooxidation Activity in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Li Xiulan , Chen Mingchuang , Ye Yanting , Chen Chengjie , Li Zilong , Zhou Yifan , Chen Jian , Xie Fangyan , Jin Yanshuo , Wang Nan , Meng Hui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is a good idea for efficient production of hydrogen to use ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in place of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis process. Ni‐based non‐precious electrocatalysts are widely used in the conversion of ethanol to acetic acid. Here, different selenide heterostructures (NiCoSe, NiFeSe, and NiCuSe) are prepared in which Ni sites are regulated by transition metal. The valence state of Ni is NiCuSe < NiCoSe < NiFeSe in the three heterojunctions. NiCoSe shows the optimized charge distribution of Ni sites and outstanding catalytic activity. The effective modulations lead to optimized d‐band center and facilitates both adsorption and desorption of reaction intermediates, which improves the kinetics of EOR. The results of this work prove that with appropriate designed catalyst it is possible to replace kinetically slow OER with faster EOR in water electrolysis to produce hydrogen.
Electrolyte Regulation of Bio‐Inspired Zincophilic Additive toward High‐Performance Dendrite‐Free Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gou Qianzhi , Luo Haoran , Zhang Qi , Deng Jiangbin , Zhao Ruizheng , Odunmbaku Omololu , Wang Lei , Li Lingjie , Zheng Yujie , Li Jun , Chao Dongliang , Li Meng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries hold attractive potential for large‐scale energy storage devices owing to their prominent electrochemical performance and high security. Nevertheless, the applications of aqueous electrolytes have generated various challenges, including uncontrolled dendrite growth and parasitic reactions, thereby deteriorating the Zn anode's stability. Herein, inspired by the superior affinity between Zn2+ and amino acid chains in the zinc finger protein, a cost‐effective and green glycine additive is incorporated into aqueous electrolytes to stabilize the Zn anode. As confirmed by experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations, the glycine additives can not only reorganize the solvation sheaths of hydrated Zn2+ via partial substitution of coordinated H2O but also preferentially adsorb onto the Zn anode, thereby significantly restraining dendrite growth and interfacial side reactions. Accordingly, the Zn anode could realize a long lifespan of over 2000 h and enhanced reversibility (98.8%) in the glycine‐containing electrolyte. Furthermore, the assembled Zn||α‐MnO2 full cells with glycine‐modified electrolyte also delivers substantial capacity retention (82.3% after 1000 cycles at 2 A g‐1), showing promising application prospects. This innovative bio‐inspired design concept would inject new vitality into the development of aqueous electrolytes.
Insight into Interfacial Polarization for Enhancing Piezoelectricity in Ferroelectric Nanocomposites
Authors: Tian Guo , Deng Weili , Yang Tao , Xiong Da , Zhang Hongrui , Lan Boling , Deng Lin , Zhang Binbin , Jin Long , Huang Haichao , Sun Yue , Wang Shenglong , Yang Weiqing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe interfacial effect is widely used to optimize the properties of ferroelectric nanocomposites, however, there is still a lack of direct evidence to understand its underlying mechanisms limited by the nano size and complex structures. Here, taking piezoelectricity, for example, the mechanism of interfacial polarization in barium titanate/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐ran‐trifluoroethylene) (BTO/P(VDF‐TrFE)) nanocomposite is revealed at multiple scales by combining Kelvin probe force microscope (KPFM) with theoretical stimulation. The results prove that the mismatch of permittivity between matrix and filler leads to the accumulation of charges, which in turn induces local polarization in the interfacial region, and thus can promote piezoelectricity independently. Furthermore, the strategy of interfacial polarization to enhance piezoelectricity is extended and validated in other two similar nanocomposites. This work uncovers the mechanism of interfacial polarization and paves newfangled insights to boost performances in ferroelectric nanocomposites.
Physicochemical Properties of Sago Starch Fractionated by Butanol
Authors: Ningrum Riska Surya , Rosalina Reny , Sondari Dewi , Fazriyah Latifatul , Putri Rahmawati , Amanda Putri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAmylose is one of the sago starch constituents which plays an important role in the processes of gelatinization, retrogradation, and the pasting process of starch texture. By separating amylose from amylopectin through a fractionation process, high‐content amylose can be obtained. In this study, the process of fractionating sago starch is carried out using hot water and the addition of n‐butanol dropwise with certain time variations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h). The precipitate formed, which is the fractionated sago starch, is separated from the n‐butanol fraction using centrifugation. The physicochemical properties of fractionated sago starch are characterized in terms of chemical change using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), molecular weight using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), particle size, morphology, amylose content, crystallinity, water‐solubility, swelling power, moisture, ash content, thermal stability using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), crystallinity using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and morphology using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results show that the fractionation process using n‐butanol increases the particle size, amylose content, and thermal stability compared to the native sago. The crystallinity, water solubility, and swelling power of the fractionated‐sago starches are decreased. The highest amylose content and gelatinization temperature properties are achieved by the addition of n‐butanol for 4 h.
A history of the 1.5°C target
Authors: Cointe Béatrice , Guillemot Hélène 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe 1.5°C target is now widely considered as the maximum acceptable limit for global warming. However, it is at once recent and, as it appears increasingly unreachable, already almost obsolete. Adopted as an aspirational target in the Paris Agreement in 2015, the 1.5°C objective originated with a political impetus within UNFCCC negotiations. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) endorsed this policy‐driven target when it produced the Special Report on 1.5°C. This article highlights the continuity of the history of the 1.5°C target with that of the 2°C target, but also the differences between the two. Because the 1.5°C target considerably raises the bar on mitigation efforts, it exacerbates political tensions and ambiguities that were already latent in the 2°C target. This article retraces the emergence of the 1.5°C in diplomatic negotiations, the preparation of the IPCC Special report on 1.5°C, and the new kinds of debates they provoked among climate scientists and experts. To explain how an unreachable target became the reference for climate action, we analyze the “political calibration” of climate science and politics, which can also be described as a codependency between climate science and politics.This article is categorized under:
Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Integrated Assessment Modeling
Climate, History, Society, Culture > World Historical Perspectives
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
Elemental and statistical analysis of small individual urinary stones using TXRF spectrometry
Authors: Shaltout Abdallah A. , Abd‐Elkader Omar H. , Lassen Petra , Fittschen Ursula A. E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDue to the small quantity of most of the extracted human urinary stone samples, there is an urgent need for an analytical technique that is able to perform a multi‐elemental quantitative analysis for a small fraction of these samples. In the present work, a few milligrams of different types of urinary stones were microwave digested in ultra‐pure nitric acid, and the elemental determination was achieved by total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF). The elements P, S, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, and Sr were detected in most of the different stones. However, the trace elements: K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, As, Pb, and U were also found in a certain number of samples. Furthermore, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) was used and the elements Mg, Ti, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Cd were determined. A good agreement between the results of TXRF and ICP‐OES was obtained with respect to the elements Ti, Mn, Cu, and Zn. Cadmium and magnesium were only determined by ICP‐OES. More attention was given to the existence and the spectral interference of As‐Kα and Pb‐Lα as well as As‐Kβ and Br‐Kα in a limited number of urinary stones. Based on the analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation analysis, an additional statistical analysis study was performed in terms of quantified elements and the types of urinary stones. Calcium has a remarkable positive correction with Ni, Zn, and P, whereas a negative correlation was found with K, S, and Cu. Based on the hierarchical cluster analysis, the square Euclidean showed four main groups of urinary stones starting with high to trace amounts of calcium oxalate. Furthermore, the squared Euclidean showed further subgroups of the urinary stones. The role of certain elements in terms of forming or inhabiting the urinary stone formation was discussed. Uranium was determined in a limited number of urinary stones using TXRF and ICP‐OES. The origin of the uranium may be the drinking and groundwater. Uranium could be accumulated in the urinary stones from these sources. In addition, the divalent uranium compounds can deposit on the surface of hydroxyapatite crystal, which is one of the main compounds in the urinary stones.
Smart Contracts in the Cloud
Authors: Bathen Luis Angel D. , Jadav Divyesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe emergence of crypto currencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have shown the value in decentralized technologies. The idea of having 24/7 access to programmable money peaked the interest in the field, and as a by-product, came the realization that the same core technologies that enable programmable dog money, can enable highly-available DNS services, highly-available storage services, 24/7 asset exchanges, and peer-to-peer marketplaces to name a few. This paper explores the use of smart contracts in multi-cloud environments in order to facilitate business processes across multiple providers speaking different languages in terms of policies, best practices, APIs, and SLAs.
Imprints of scalar NSI on the CP-violation sensitivity using synergy among DUNE, T2HK and T2HKK
Authors: Medhi Abinash , Devi Moon Moon , Dutta Debajyoti 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Non-Standard Interactions (NSIs) are subdominant effects, often appearing in various extensions of SM, which may impact the neutrino oscillations through matter. It is important and interesting to explore the impact of NSIs in the ongoing and upcoming precise neutrino oscillations experiments. In this work, we have studied the imprints of a scalar-mediated NSI in three upcoming long-baseline (LBL) experiments (DUNE, T2HK and T2HKK). The effects of scalar NSI appears as a medium-dependent correction to the neutrino mass term. Its contribution scales linearly with matter density, making LBL experiments a suitable candidate to probe its effects. We show that the scalar NSI may significantly impact the oscillation probabilities, event rates at the detectors and the χ2-sensitivities of δCP measurements. We present the results of a combined analysis involving the LBL experiments (DUNE+T2HK or DUNE+T2HKK) which offer a better capability of constraining the scalar NSI parameters as well as an improved sensitivity towards CP-violation.
Towards higher-spin holography in flat space
Authors: Ponomarev Dmitry 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study the chiral flat space higher-spin algebra, which is the global symmetry algebra of the chiral higher-spin theory in the 4d Minkowski space. We find that it can be constructed as the universal enveloping algebra of a certain chiral deformation of the Poincaré algebra quotiented by a set of quadratic identities. These identities allow us to identify a representation of the latter algebra, which by analogy with the AdS space higher-spin holography, we interpret as the flat space singleton representation. We provide two explicit realisations of this singleton representation — in terms of sl(2, ℂ) spinors and in terms of oscillator-like variables — as well as briefly discuss its properties.
Jump starting the dark sector with a phase transition
Authors: Redi Michele , Tesi Andrea 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study the possibility to populate the dark sector through a phase transition. We will consider secluded dark sectors made of gauge theories, Randall-Sundrum scenarios and conformally coupled elementary particles. These sectors have in common the fact that the action is approximately Weyl invariant, implying that particle production due to time dependent background is strongly suppressed. In particular no significant production takes place during inflation allowing to avoid strong isocurvature constraints from CMB. As we will show, if the scale of inflation is large compared to the dynamical mass scale, these sectors automatically undergo a phase transition that in the simplest cases is controlled by the Hubble parameter. If the phase transition takes place during reheating or radiation the abundance obtained can be larger than particle production and production from the SM plasma. For phase transitions completing during radiation domination, the DM mass is predicted in the range 108 GeV while larger values are required for phase transitions occurring during reheating.
On tropical intersection theory
Authors: Mihatsch Andreas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe develop a tropical intersection formalism of forms and currents that extends classical tropical intersection theory in two ways. First, it allows to work with arbitrary polyhedra, also non-rational ones. Second, it allows for smooth differential forms as coefficients. The intersection product in our formalism can be defined through the diagonal intersection method of Allermann–Rau or the fan displacement rule. We prove with a limiting argument that both definitions agree.
Study of the inhibition effects on glutathione peroxidase immobilized on MNPs using a stopped-flow microfluidic system
Authors: Román-Pizarro Vanesa , Carrión-Escudero Alba María , Écija-Arenas Ángela , Fernández-Romero Juan Manuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA stopped-flow microfluidic system to monitor glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and evaluate potential inhibitors of the enzyme has been developed based on the integration of the microfluidic chip in the reaction/detection zone. This integration supposes the physical alignment at the optimal location of the microfluidic channel, both the magnetically retained enzyme microreactor (MREµR) and the remote luminescence detection using a focused bifurcated fiber optic bundle (BFOB) connected to a conventional spectrofluorometer detector. The method is based on the coupling of two competitive oxidative chemical reactions, in which glutathione (GSH) and homovanillic acid (HVA) competed for their interaction with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the magnetically retained GPx-MNPs. The biocatalytic reaction was followed by monitoring the fluorescence of the biphenyl-HVA dimer formed. The dynamic range of the calibration graph was 0.45–10 µmol L−1, expressed as GSH concentration with a detection limit of 0.1 µmol L−1 (r2 = 0.9954, n = 10, r = 3). The precision expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD%) was between 0.5 and 3.9%. The stopped-flow microfluidic system showed a sampling frequency of 25 h−1. The method was applied to the study of GPx inhibition provided by three inhibitory compounds, two metallic ions Hg(II) and Cu(II) and t-butyl hydroperoxide, and their presence in liquid samples, as water, milk, and edible oil. Recovery values between 88.7 and 99.4% were achieved in all instances.
Graphical Abstract
Non-invasive kinetic modelling approaches for quantitative analysis of brain PET studies
Authors: van der Weijden Chris W. J. , Mossel Pascalle , Bartels Anna L. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Luurtsema Gert , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , Willemsen Antoon T. M. , de Vries Erik F. J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPharmacokinetic modelling with arterial sampling is the gold standard for analysing dynamic PET data of the brain. However, the invasive character of arterial sampling prevents its widespread clinical application. Several methods have been developed to avoid arterial sampling, in particular reference region methods. Unfortunately, for some tracers or diseases, no suitable reference region can be defined. For these cases, other potentially non-invasive approaches have been proposed: (1) a population based input function (PBIF), (2) an image derived input function (IDIF), or (3) simultaneous estimation of the input function (SIME). This systematic review aims to assess the correspondence of these non-invasive methods with the gold standard. Studies comparing non-invasive pharmacokinetic modelling methods with the current gold standard methods using an input function derived from arterial blood samples were retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE (until December 2021). Correlation measurements were extracted from the studies. The search yielded 30 studies that correlated outcome parameters (VT, DVR, or BPND for reversible tracers; Ki or CMRglu for irreversible tracers) from a potentially non-invasive method with those obtained from modelling using an arterial input function. Some studies provided similar results for PBIF, IDIF, and SIME-based methods as for modelling with an arterial input function (R2 = 0.59–1.00, R2 = 0.71–1.00, R2 = 0.56–0.96, respectively), if the non-invasive input curve was calibrated with arterial blood samples. Even when the non-invasive input curve was calibrated with venous blood samples or when no calibration was applied, moderate to good correlations were reported, especially for the IDIF and SIME (R2 = 0.71–1.00 and R2 = 0.36–0.96, respectively). Overall, this systematic review illustrates that non-invasive methods to generate an input function are still in their infancy. Yet, IDIF and SIME performed well, not only with arterial blood calibration, but also with venous or no blood calibration, especially for some tracers without plasma metabolites, which would potentially make these methods better suited for clinical application. However, these methods should still be properly validated for each individual tracer and application before implementation.