bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 6483: The association between food deserts, food swamps, and obesity-related cancer mortality in the United States: the new epidemic
Authors: Bevel Malcolm , Tsai Meng-Han , Parham April , Andrzejak Sydney , Jones Samantha R. , Moore Justin X. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Obesity-related cancers account for 40% of all cancers in the United States (U.S.). Healthy food consumption is a modifiable factor shown to reduce obesity-related cancer mortality, but residing in geographical areas with poor access to grocery stores/farmer’s markets (food deserts) or higher access to fast-food/convenience stores (food swamps) reduces healthy food access and has been severely understudied.
Methods: We conducted an ecological study utilizing 2010 - 2020 data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Environment Atlas and Center for Disease Control and Prevention mortality. 3,041 U.S. counties with complete information on food environment scores and obesity-related cancer mortality data were included. Food swamp score was calculated as the ratio of fast-food and convenience stores to grocery stores and farmer’s markets. Obesity-related cancer (based on the International Agency for Research on Cancer evidence between obesity and 13 types of cancer) mortality rates were categorized as high (≥71.8 per 100,000) versus low (&lt;71.8 per 100,000) per county. We performed an age-adjusted multivariable polytomous logistic regression for the association between food desert scores, food swamp scores, and obesity-related cancer mortality rates.
Results: Counties with high obesity-related cancer mortality rates had higher percentage of NH-black population (3.30 vs 1.80), persons older than 65 years (15.7 vs 15.4), poverty rates (19.0 vs 14.4), adult obesity rates (33.0 vs 32.1), and adult diabetes rates (12.5 vs 10.7) when compared to counties with low obesity-related cancer mortality (p-value &lt; 0.0001; Table 1). We observed 77% increased odds of having high obesity-related cancer mortality rates among U.S. counties with high food swamp scores (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.43 - 2.18). A positive dose-response relationship between three levels of food desert and food swamp scores and obesity-related cancer mortality was also observed (p-value &lt;0.0001).
Conclusions and Relevance: Policymakers, funding agencies, and community stakeholders should implement sustainable approaches at combating obesity and establishing healthier accessible food such as creating more walkable neighborhoods and community gardens.
Citation Format: Malcolm Bevel, Meng-Han Tsai, April Parham, Sydney Andrzejak, Samantha R. Jones, Justin X. Moore. The association between food deserts, food swamps, and obesity-related cancer mortality in the United States: the new epidemic [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6483.
Abstract 6622: Developing spatial molecular correlates of response to immunotherapy in kidney cancer
Authors: Beckermann Kathryn , Haake Scott , Nesta Alex , Caponegro Michael , Nirmala N R , Reddy Anupama 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising new therapy for kidney cancer with durable clinical responses in a subset of the patients. However, discovery of biomarkers that predict patient response to immunotherapy has thus far been unsuccessful. Diverse sets of biomarkers have been proposed, (e.g., PD-L1 immunohistochemistry, tumor mutation burden, gene expression signatures), but have failed to validate in clinical studies. There is an urgent need to identify predictive biomarkers for selecting kidney cancer patients most likely to respond to immunotherapy. Spatial biology technologies provide molecular data at single cell resolution along with spatial coordinates in patient’s tumor slides. We hypothesized that the presence of immune cell types and their spatial 2-D patterns in a histology image could potentially predict response to immunotherapy. For this project we are using Tissue Microarray (TMAs). We are using two cohorts of data: (Dataset-1) 70 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors, and (Dataset-2) 180 patients, early stage papillary RCC (PRCC) cohort. Dataset-1 was assayed using CosMx (Nanostring technologies) for a RNA panel of 980 immune-related genes. Dataset-2 was assayed with PhenoCycler (Akoya Biosciences) for a 31 marker protein panel with immune-related genes. We have developed methodology and novel algorithms to process both the datasets and to identify spatial phenotypes. Our pipelines include QC, normalization, dimensionality reduction and clustering. For annotation of cell types, we used as reference single cell datasets from RCC to identify tumor-type specific cell types. These cell types were mapped back to their spatial coordinates and visualized. We verified the annotations based on visual checks of their cellular morphology and organization. Next, we identified cellular neighborhoods around each cell and identified spatial clusters. We also performed a network-based analysis to identify additional spatial patterns. We performed correlation analysis with clinical phenotypes and identified spatial clusters of immune cell subtypes located in proximity of cancer cells to be associated with response to therapy.
Citation Format: Kathryn Beckermann, Scott Haake, Alex Nesta, Michael Caponegro, N R Nirmala, Anupama Reddy. Developing spatial molecular correlates of response to immunotherapy in kidney cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6622.
Abstract 6630: Flow cytometry immunophenotyping using commercial antibodies to maximize detection of PD-1 in immuno-oncology (I-O) clinical studies with anti-PD-1 check point inhibitors
Authors: Mohanram Venkat , Yang Ming , Bisconte Angelina , Phippard Deborah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Precision for Medicine’s translational biomarker expertise supports global clinical trials with flow cytometry. A biomarker strategy which includes flow cytometry to generate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models for rational design of dose escalation and expansion of clinical studies, may need to consider concomitant drugs for checkpoint inhibition like Pembrolizumab.
Precision has optimized the use of commercial anti-PD-1 and anti-IgG4 reagents to detect both free PD-1 and/or Pembro-bound PD-1 when patients are on study with a new molecular entity as either a monotherapy or in combination with concomitant checkpoint inhibitors. For I-O studies conventional efficacy endpoints combined with flow biomarker driven surrogate endpoints enhance therapeutic decisions for determining mechanism of action and biological response when incorporated in early-phase clinical studies. Precision developed and qualified a flow immunophenotyping assay to quantify PD-1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells using a commercial PD-1 clone (PD1.3.1.3) and an anti-IgG4. This enabled detection of both free and drug bound PD-1 receptor. We compared detection of PD-1 in PHA stimulated healthy donors treated with saturating Pembrolizumab or no drug treatment. There was not a significant difference observed in PD-1 quantification in the presence or absence of Pembrolizumab, which demonstrated that our approach was able to accurately measure total PD-1 whether free or bound. As Pembrolizumab was titrated from the saturating concentration there was a dose-dependent decrease in detection of PD-1. We have used this assay to detect PD-1 with several new I-O therapies that combined standard anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors, and in these clinical studies for advanced and rare solid tumor indications, we observed an average of 20-40% increase in PD-1 compared to no drug treatment.
Immuno-oncology clinical trials which incorporate checkpoint inhibitors like either PD-1 or PD-L1, the availability of commercial reagents are key considerations to detect these receptors when designing a sensitive, selective, and accurate biomarker assay.
Citation Format: Venkat Mohanram, Ming Yang, Angelina Bisconte, Deborah Phippard. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping using commercial antibodies to maximize detection of PD-1 in immuno-oncology (I-O) clinical studies with anti-PD-1 check point inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6630.
Abstract 6637: Transcriptomic biomarkers of immunotherapy response in solid tumors
Authors: Gyorffy Balazs , Kovacs Szonja Anna , Fekete János Tibor 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors can be administered in multiple solid tumor types. Currently available biomarkers, like the expression of PD-L1 or tumor mutational burden, miss a significant proportion of patients who could benefit from the therapy. Our goal was to set up a database consisting of both gene expression and clinical response data and to uncover the most significant biomarkers of response to anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapies.
Methods. The GEO repository was screened to identify datasets with simultaneously available transcriptomic and clinical response data across different solid tumor types. The screening focused on studies involving the administration of nivolumab (anti-PD-1), pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1), atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), durvalumab (anti-PD-L1), and ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4). Mann-Whitney U-test and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed across all genes to identify features related to therapy response. False discovery rate was computed to correct for multiple hypothesis testing.
Results. The database that we established consists of 1,439 unique tumor samples from nineteen datasets with gastric-, lung-, esophageal-, head, neck-, and urothelial cancers, and malignant melanoma. The strongest upregulated candidates linked to resistance in anti-PD-1 treated tumors were PRXL2A (AUC=0.771), ODR4 (AUC=0.734), and RBM15B (AUC=0.734). The most robust hits in the anti-PD-L1 treated cohort were NOTCH3 (AUC=0.639), NECTIN1 (AUC=0.631) and ITGAV (AUC=0.63). In the anti-CTLA-4 treatment cohort C5orf24 (AUC=0.76) was the most promising candidate. We have also established a portal for additional analysis and ranking of further biomarker candidates by extending our previously established ROC plotter. The immunotherapy-treated transcriptomic database is accessible at the website www.rocplot.com/immune.
Discussion. An integrated database and an online platform were set up to validate potential biomarkers of immunotherapy response in a sizeable cohort of cancer samples from multiple tumor types. By using the direction of expression change as a filter, we have identified the most promising biomarker candidates.
Citation Format: Balazs Gyorffy, Szonja Anna Kovacs, János Tibor Fekete. Transcriptomic biomarkers of immunotherapy response in solid tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6637.
Abstract 751: Disparities in physician office visit wait time among US cancer survivors
Authors: Chido-Amajuoyi Onyema , Nnamani Ikenna , Agbedia Owhofasa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Disparities are well-documented in the time spent seeking medical care in the US. Studies have found that minority populations are likely to have longer wait times securing healthcare access and higher total time spent at clinic visits. However, this relationship has not been previously examined among the cancer survivor population, which constitutes about 17 million people in the US.
Methods: Study data were derived from the 2018 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative survey of US adults. Study sample was restricted to cancer survivors (n=2,940; N=23,310,174). The primary outcome of this study was reports of prolonged wait times during doctor office visits. Weighted multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate adjusted associations between prolonged wait times during doctor office visits and sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of cancer survivors. All analyses were conducted using STATA version 14.2.
Results: Respondents who identified as Black/African American were almost 3 times more likely than their White counterparts to report prolonged wait times during doctor office visits (aOR 2.65, 95% CI; 1.296, 5.419). Similarly, respondents who identified as Hispanic were almost 3 times more likely than non-Hispanic respondents to report prolonged wait times during doctor office visits (aOR 2.604, 95% CI; 1.347, 5.035). Respondents in the $50,000 - $74,999 income bracket were less likely to report prolonged wait times during doctor office visits than respondents who earned less than $35,000 (aOR: 0.50, 95% CI, 0.276, 0.916).
Conclusion: Black/African American and Hispanic cancer survivors had increased odds of reporting prolonged wait times during doctor office visits. Disparities in cancer health and survivorship are well documented among racial minorities. Addressing disparities in healthcare experiences and access will be crucial in dispelling existing cancer health disparities.
Citation Format: Onyema Chido-Amajuoyi, Ikenna Nnamani, Owhofasa Agbedia. Disparities in physician office visit wait time among US cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 751.
Lower Lid Entropion in a 78-year-old Female: A Case Report
Authors: Irma Josiah , Onasis Serena , Permatasari Nivia 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Entropion is a malposition of the eyelids in which the eyelid margin folds inward and causes irritation to the eye. It can be caused by congenital, spastic, cicatricial and involutional entropion. Involutional entropion affects 10.6% in group over the age of 60, especially in Asian races as compared to Caucasian races.1 It can have adverse effect on the eye such as trichiasis in which the eyelashes protrudes inwards towards the eyeball, leading to persistent erosions of punctate epithelium, pannus formation or ulcers. Definitive treatment for entropion is surgical intervention when feasible, such as the Jones procedure. The prognosis of corrective surgical intervention is highly correlated to the successfulness of the surgery and wound healing process of the patient, thus needing highly accurate and cautious procedure.2
Methods: This case report was taken from the Eye Clinic of Rumah Sakit Umum Siloam, in February 2022.
Results: A 78 years-old female presented with complaints of discomfort, foreign body sensation, irritation, itching, and glare in both eyes since 1 year ago. She had a history of cataract surgery 3 years ago.
Conclusions: Anamnesis and ophthalmological examinations results lead to suspected glaucoma, involution entropion ODS and pseudophakia ODS. Blepharoplasty was performed on the patient with appropriate surgical and therapeutic techniques. The post-operative examination showed results indicating a good prognosis in this patient.
Peacekeeping, Disarmament, and the New Agenda for Peace
Authors: Ponzio Richard , Siddiqui Muznah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article examines briefly the changing nature of conflict from the end of the Cold War until the present “post-post Cold War” era. Against the backdrop of Secretary-General António Guterres’s forthcoming (June 2023) New Agenda for Peace in response to the changing nature of warfare, alongside waning demand for certain UN conflict management tools, the article offers concrete recommendations for advancing peacekeeping (a New Civilian Response Capability, investing in hybrid and partnership-oriented peacekeeping, and revisiting the idea of standing peacekeeping forces) and disarmament (enhanced Arms Trade Treaty transparency, aligning the interests of nuclear armed states and non–nuclear weapons states, and establishing global norms on the illegality of specific types of cyber behavior) through the world body. Reform proposals privilege the development of multilateral and local capacities for peace. The article concludes with some thoughts on the research agenda ahead for scholars and policy analysts dedicated to studying and pursuing peace through more effective approaches to global governance.
Clinical outcomes of different revascularization approaches for patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Hasan Syed Umar , Pervez Alina , Naseeb Muhammad Wahdan , Rajput Bakhtawar Saleem , Faheem Ariba , Hameed Irbaz , Sá Michel Pompeu , Zubair M. Mujeeb 
Published: June 2023

Background As surgical techniques continue to evolve, the optimal approach for revascularizing multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a matter of ongoing debate. Accordingly, our objective was to compare and contrast various surgical techniques utilized in the management of multi-vessel CAD. Methods A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane central register of controlled trials from inception to May 2022. Random-effects network meta-analysis was performed for the primary outcome; target vessel revascularization (TVR), and secondary outcomes; mortality, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, postoperative myocardial infarction, new-onset atrial fibrillation, stroke, new-onset dialysis, in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a stent, off-pump coronary bypass graft, on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (ONCABG), hybrid coronary revascularization, minimally-invasive coronary artery bypass, or robot-assisted coronary artery bypass (RCAB) surgeries. Results A total of 8841 patients were included from 23 studies. The analysis showed that ONCABG had the highest freedom from TVR, with a mean (SD) absolute risk of 0.027 (0.029); although ONCABG was found to be superior to all other methods, it was only significantly better than first-generation stent PCI. While RCAB did not demonstrate significant superiority over other treatments, it showed a greater probability of preventing postoperative complications. Notably, no significant heterogeneity was calculated for any of the reported outcomes. Conclusions ONCABG shows a better rank probability compared to all other techniques for preventing TVR, while RCAB offers greater freedom from most postoperative complications. However, given the absence of randomized controlled trials, these results should be interpreted with caution.
Behavioral treatment for migraine prophylaxis in adults: Moderator analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Klan Timo , Gaul Charly , Liesering-Latta Eva , Witthöft Michael , Hennemann Severin 
Published: June 2023

Background While growing evidence suggests the efficacy of various behavioral approaches to the preventive treatment of migraine, it remains largely unclear which behavioral interventions are indicated for which type of patient. This exploratory study aimed to identify moderators for the outcome between migraine-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy and relaxation training. Methods In this secondary analysis of an open-label randomized controlled trial, the data of N  =  77 adults (completer sample) with migraine (mean age = 47.4, SD = 12.2, 88% female), who were allocated to either migraine-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy or relaxation training, was examined. Outcome was the frequency of headache days at the 12-month follow-up. We analyzed baseline demographic or clinical characteristics and headache-specific variables (disability, emotional distress, trigger sensitivity and avoidance, pain acceptance, self-efficacy) as candidate moderators. Results Higher headache-related disability (assessed via the Headache Impact Test, HIT-6, B = –0.41 [95% CI: –0.85 to –0.10], p = .047), higher anxiety (assessed via the subscale Anxiety of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress scales, DASS-A, B = –0.66 [95% CI: –1.27 to –0.02], p = .056), and the presence of a comorbid mental disorder ( B = –4.98, [95% CI: –9.42 to –0.29], p = .053), moderated the outcome in favor of migraine-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy. Conclusion Our findings contribute to an individualized treatment selection and suggest that preference for complex behavioral treatment (migraine-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy) should be given to patients with high headache-related disability, increased anxiety, or a comorbid mental disorder. Study Registration: Original study registered in the German Clinical Trials Register ( https://drks.de/search/de ; DRKS-ID: DRKS00011111).
Allowance Extraction Considering of Inner and Outer Contour and Experimental Research on Belt Grinding of Hollow Blade
Authors: Huang Yun , Wei Ming , Xiao Guijian , Liu Shuai , Wu Yuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAero-engine fan blades often use a cavity structure to improve the thrust-to-weight ratio of the aircraft. However, the use of the cavity structure brings a series of difficulties to the manufacturing and processing of the blades. Due to the limitation of blade manufacturing technology, it is difficult for the internal cavity structure to achieve the designed contour shape, so the blade has uneven wall thickness and poor consistency, which affects the fatigue performance and airflow dynamic performance of the blade. In order to reduce the influence of uneven wall thickness, this paper proposes a grinding allowance extraction method considering the double dimension constraints (DDC) of the inner and outer contours of the hollow blade. Constrain the two dimensions of the inner and outer contours of the hollow blade. On the premise of satisfying the outer contour constraints, the machining model of the blade is modified according to the distribution of the inwall contour to obtain a more reasonable distribution of the grinding allowance. On the premise of satisfying the contour constraints, according to the distribution of the inwall contour, the machining model of the blade is modified to obtain a more reasonable distribution of the grinding allowance. Through the grinding experiment of the hollow blade, the surface roughness is below Ra0.4 μm, and the contour accuracy is between − 0.05~0.14 mm, which meets the processing requirements. Compared with the allowance extraction method that only considers the contour, the problem of poor wall thickness consistency can be effectively improved. It can be used to extract the allowance of aero-engine blades with hollow features, which lays a foundation for the study of hollow blade grinding methods with high service performance.