bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme summers impact cropland and grassland soil microbiomes
Authors: Bei Qicheng , Reitz Thomas , Schnabel Beatrix , Eisenhauer Nico , Schädler Martin , Buscot François , Heintz-Buschart Anna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The increasing frequency of extreme weather events highlights the need to understand how soil microbiomes respond to such disturbances. Here, metagenomics was used to investigate the effects of future climate scenarios (+0.6 °C warming and altered precipitation) on soil microbiomes during the summers of 2014–2019. Unexpectedly, Central Europe experienced extreme heatwaves and droughts during 2018–2019, causing significant impacts on the structure, assembly, and function of soil microbiomes. Specifically, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (bacteria), Eurotiales (fungi), and Vilmaviridae (viruses) was significantly increased in both cropland and grassland. The contribution of homogeneous selection to bacterial community assembly increased significantly from 40.0% in normal summers to 51.9% in extreme summers. Moreover, genes associated with microbial antioxidant (Ni-SOD), cell wall biosynthesis (glmSMU, murABCDEF), heat shock proteins (GroES/GroEL, Hsp40), and sporulation (spoIID, spoVK) were identified as potential contributors to drought-enriched taxa, and their expressions were confirmed by metatranscriptomics in 2022. The impact of extreme summers was further evident in the taxonomic profiles of 721 recovered metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Annotation of contigs and MAGs suggested that Actinobacteria may have a competitive advantage in extreme summers due to the biosynthesis of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. Future climate scenarios caused a similar pattern of changes in microbial communities as extreme summers, but to a much lesser extent. Soil microbiomes in grassland showed greater resilience to climate change than those in cropland. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the response of soil microbiomes to extreme summers.
Influence of heterospecifics on mesocarnivore behaviour at shared scavenging opportunities in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
Authors: Bell Elicia , Fisher Jason T. , Darimont Chris , Hart Henry , Bone Christopher 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn seasonal environments, the ability of mustelid species to acquire carrion—a dietary resource heavily depended upon—is driven by a collection local habitat characteristics and competition dynamics. In resource-scarce winter, sympatric mesocarnivores must balance energetic rewards of carrion with avoiding antagonistic interactions with conspecifics. We examined scavenging interactions among three mustelid species in the northern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Camera traps (n = 59) were baited with carrion during winter between 2006 to 2008. Spatial and temporal dimensions of scavenger behaviour (i.e., carcass use) were evaluated using a multi-model approach, which enabled us to recognize potentially adaptive behavioural mechanisms for mitigating competition at carcass sites. Best performing models indicated that carrion site use is governed by a combination of competition threats and environmental factors. A decrease in scavenging with increasing snow depth was observed across all species. Mustelids adopted a host of adaptive behavioural strategies to access shared scavenging opportunities. We found evidence that wolverine (Gulo gulo) and American marten (Martes americana) segregate in space but temporally tracked one another. Short-tailed weasel (Mustela erminea) scavenging decreased with greater site use by marten. Carcass availability across a spatially complex environment, as well as spatial–temporal avoidance strategies, can facilitate carrion resource partitioning.
Identification and elucidation of cross talk between SLAM Family Member 7 (SLAMF7) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways in monocytes and macrophages
Authors: Choe Uyory , Pham Quynhchi , Kim Young S. , Yu Liangli , Wang Thomas T. Y. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo further elucidate the expression, regulation and function of Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) protein members in human monocytes and macrophages. Un-differentiated monocytic THP-1 cell (u-THP-1) and differentiated THP-1 macrophage (d-THP-1) were used as culture models in the study. Responses of cells to the differentiation agents phorbol ester (25 ng/ml) and TLR (Toll-like receptor) ligands were assessed. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to determine mRNA and protein level. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression levels and phagocytosis were used as functional markers. Data analyzed using t-test, one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test. SLAMFs were differentially expressed in THP-1 cells. Differentiation of u-THP-1 to d-THP-1 led to significantly higher SLAMF7 mRNA and protein levels than other SLAMF. In addition, TLR stimuli increased SLAMF7 mRNA expression but not protein expression. Importantly, SLAMF7 agonist antibody and TLR ligands synergistically increased the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, but had no effect on phagocytosis. SLAMF7 knocked-down in d-THP-1 significantly lowered TLR-induced mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory markers. SLAM family proteins are differentially regulated by differentiation and TLRs. SLAMF7 enhanced TLR-mediated induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in monocytes and macrophages but not phagocytosis.
Seasonal changes in physiological and psychological parameters of stress in collegiate swimmers
Authors: Wang Haoyan , Theall Bailey M. , Early Kate S. , Vincellette Cullen , Robelot Lyle , Sharp Rick L. , Marucci Jack , Mullenix Shelly , Calvert Derek , Lemoine Nathan P. , Irving Brain A. , Spielmann Guillaume , Johannsen Neil M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo investigate the seasonal changes in physiological and psychological parameters of stress in collegiate swimmers. Fifteen NCAA Division I swimmers (8 men) participated in a tethered anaerobic swim test to determine physiological responses in an ecologically-relevant, graded exercise test. Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21), Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List (AD-ACL), Daily Analysis of Life Demands of Athletes (DALDA), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were assessed at post-season in April (V1), the end of off-season in June (V2), and pre-season in October (V3). The percent change was determined from V2–V1 (off-season phase), V3–V2 (pre-season phase), V1–V3 (in-season phase). Spearman’s rho correlation was used to examine associations between change in physiological and psychological outcomes. All data results showed a better swim performance occurred at V2. Men tended to have faster speed (p = 0.07) in fewer strokes (p = 0.10) and greater work per stroke (p = 0.10) at V2 than V1. Women were faster during V2 compared to V1 (p = 0.02) and V3 (p = 0.05). Women had fewer strokes (p = 0.02) and greater work per stroke (p = 0.01) at V2 compared to V3. Women had the lowest HR and lactate concentration at V3 compared to other visits (p < 0.05). During the in-season phase, swim speed decreased the greatest extent and stress sources and symptoms assessed by DALDA had greatest elevation (p < 0.05). An increased in stress sources and symptoms assessed by DALDA was associated with an increase in upper respiratory illness from WURSS-21 (rho = 0.44, p = 0.009), being less energetic (rho = − 0.35, p = 0.04) and greater tension state (rho = 0.49, p = 0.003; AD-ACL), and a decrease in swim speed (rho =− 0.38, p = 0.03). Swim performance peaked at off-season when psychological stress was at its lowest. The relationship between DALDA scores with psychological parameters and swim performance suggested physiological and psychological parameters of stress is an important aspect to avoid overtraining when approaching high swim performance.
Metagenomic surveillance for bacterial tick-borne pathogens using nanopore adaptive sampling
Authors: Kipp Evan J. , Lindsey Laramie L. , Khoo Benedict , Faulk Christopher , Oliver Jonathan D. , Larsen Peter A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTechnological and computational advancements in the fields of genomics and bioinformatics are providing exciting new opportunities for pathogen discovery and genomic surveillance. In particular, single-molecule nucleotide sequence data originating from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing platforms can be bioinformatically leveraged, in real-time, for enhanced biosurveillance of a vast array of zoonoses. The recently released nanopore adaptive sampling (NAS) strategy facilitates immediate mapping of individual nucleotide molecules to a given reference as each molecule is being sequenced. User-defined thresholds then allow for the retention or rejection of specific molecules, informed by the real-time reference mapping results, as they are physically passing through a given sequencing nanopore. Here, we show how NAS can be used to selectively sequence DNA of multiple bacterial tick-borne pathogens circulating in wild populations of the blacklegged tick vector, Ixodes scapularis.
Novel methods of immunogenic antigen selection for serological diagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infection
Authors: Richards Jessie , Kania Stephen , Wilson Abigail , Kent Emily , Gerhold Richard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper outlines methods used to identify novel antigens for use in the development of serological assays. Specifically, we applied these methods to a neurogenic parasitic nematode of cervids called Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. This parasite is of particular concern in both wild and domestic ungulates as it causes significant neurological signs and definitive diagnosis is only possible post-mortem, necessitating the development of serologic assays for antemortem diagnosis. Proteins extracted from P. tenuis organisms were affinity isolated using antibodies enriched from seropositive moose (Alces alces). The proteins were analyzed using mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography to obtain amino acid sequences that were then cross-referenced to open reading frames predicted from an assembled transcriptome. An antigen of interest was assessed for immunogenic epitopes and subsequently synthesized into 10-mer synthetic overlapping peptides representing these regions. These synthetic peptides were then assessed for reactivity against positive and negative moose sera and demonstrated potential use as a serological assay in diagnostic laboratories. Known negative moose sera revealed significantly lower optical density when compared to the positive samples (p < 0.05). This method serves as a pipeline for the construction of diagnostic assays of pathogens in both human and veterinary medicine.
Characterizing endogenous delta oscillations in human MEG
Authors: Gunasekaran Harish , Azizi Leila , van Wassenhove Virginie , Herbst Sophie K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRhythmic activity in the delta frequency range (0.5–3 Hz) is a prominent feature of brain dynamics. Here, we examined whether spontaneous delta oscillations, as found in invasive recordings in awake animals, can be observed in non-invasive recordings performed in humans with magnetoencephalography (MEG). In humans, delta activity is commonly reported when processing rhythmic sensory inputs, with direct relationships to behaviour. However, rhythmic brain dynamics observed during rhythmic sensory stimulation cannot be interpreted as an endogenous oscillation. To test for endogenous delta oscillations we analysed human MEG data during rest. For comparison, we additionally analysed two conditions in which participants engaged in spontaneous finger tapping and silent counting, arguing that internally rhythmic behaviours could incite an otherwise silent neural oscillator. A novel set of analysis steps allowed us to show narrow spectral peaks in the delta frequency range in rest, and during overt and covert rhythmic activity. Additional analyses in the time domain revealed that only the resting state condition warranted an interpretation of these peaks as endogenously periodic neural dynamics. In sum, this work shows that using advanced signal processing techniques, it is possible to observe endogenous delta oscillations in non-invasive recordings of human brain dynamics.
Transcription and DNA methylation signatures of paternal behavior in hippocampal dentate gyrus of prairie voles
Authors: Waddell Nicholas J. , Liu Yan , Chitaman Javed M. , Kaplan Graham J. , Wang Zuoxin , Feng Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), parental behaviors not only occur in mothers and fathers, but also exist in some virgin males. In contrast, the other virgin males display aggressive behaviors towards conspecific pups. However, little is known about the molecular underpinnings of this behavioral dichotomy, such as gene expression changes and their regulatory mechanisms. To address this, we profiled the transcriptome and DNA methylome of hippocampal dentate gyrus of four prairie vole groups, namely attacker virgin males, parental virgin males, fathers, and mothers. While we found a concordant gene expression pattern between parental virgin males and fathers, the attacker virgin males have a more deviated transcriptome. Moreover, numerous DNA methylation changes were found in pair-wise comparisons among the four groups. We found some DNA methylation changes overlapping with transcription differences, across gene-bodies and promoter regions. Furthermore, the gene expression changes and methylome alterations are selectively enriched in certain biological pathways, such as Wnt signaling, which suggest a canonical transcription regulatory role of DNA methylation in paternal behavior. Therefore, our study presents an integrated view of prairie vole dentate gyrus transcriptome and epigenome that provides a DNA epigenetic based molecular insight of paternal behavior.
Hyperglycemia is associated with duodenal dysbiosis and altered duodenal microenvironment
Authors: Darra Aarti , Singh Vandana , Jena Anuraag , Popli Priyanka , Nada Ritambhra , Gupta Pankaj , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Singh Anupam Kumar , Sharma Vishal , Bhattacharya Anish , Agrawal Anurag , Dutta Usha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe gut microbiome influences the pathogenesis and course of metabolic disorders such as diabetes. While it is likely that duodenal mucosa associated microbiota contributes to the genesis and progression of increased blood sugar, including the pre-diabetic stage, it is much less studied than stool. We investigated paired stool and duodenal microbiota in subjects with hyperglycemia (HbA1c ≥ 5.7% and fasting plasma glucose > 100 mg/dl) compared to normoglycemic. We found patients with hyperglycemia (n = 33) had higher duodenal bacterial count (p = 0.008), increased pathobionts and reduction in beneficial flora compared to normoglycemic (n = 21). The microenvironment of duodenum was assessed by measuring oxygen saturation using T-Stat, serum inflammatory markers and zonulin for gut permeability. We observed that bacterial overload was correlated with increased serum zonulin (p = 0.061) and higher TNF-α (p = 0.054). Moreover, reduced oxygen saturation (p = 0.021) and a systemic proinflammatory state [increased total leukocyte count (p = 0.031) and reduced IL-10 (p = 0.015)] characterized the duodenum of hyperglycemic. Unlike stool flora, the variability in duodenal bacterial profile was associated with glycemic status and was predicted by bioinformatic analysis to adversely affect nutrient metabolism. Our findings offer new understanding of the compositional changes in the small intestine bacteria by identifying duodenal dysbiosis and altered local metabolism as potentially early events in hyperglycemia.
Implementing IPM in crop management simultaneously improves the health of managed bees and enhances the diversity of wild pollinator communities
Authors: Pecenka Jacob R. , Ingwell Laura L. , Krupke Christian H. , Kaplan Ian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractImpacts of insecticide use on the health of wild and managed pollinators have been difficult to accurately quantify in the field. Existing designs tend to focus on single crops, even though highly mobile bees routinely forage across crop boundaries. We created fields of pollinator-dependent watermelon surrounded by corn, regionally important crops in the Midwestern US. These fields were paired at multiple sites in 2017–2020 with the only difference being pest management regimes: a standard set of conventional management (CM) practices vs. an integrated pest management (IPM) system that uses scouting and pest thresholds to determine if/when insecticides are used. Between these two systems we compared the performance (e.g., growth, survival) of managed pollinators—honey bees (Apis mellifera), bumble bees (Bombus impatiens)—along with the abundance and diversity of wild pollinators. Compared to CM fields, IPM led to higher growth and lower mortality of managed bees, while also increasing the abundance (+ 147%) and richness (+ 128%) of wild pollinator species, and lower concentrations of neonicotinoids in the hive material of both managed bees. By replicating realistic changes to pest management, this experiment provides one of the first demonstrations whereby tangible improvements to pollinator health and crop visitation result from IPM implementation in agriculture.
Experimental study on basic engineering properties of loess improved by burnt rock
Authors: Chen Kai , Shao Dan , Liu Zhiqi , Chen Lifeng , He Genyi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModifying the loess foundation effectively solved the deformation and settlement of the building foundation and improved its stability. However, burnt rock-solid waste was often used as filling material and light aggregate, while there were few studies on the engineering mechanical properties of modified soil. This paper proposed a method of burnt rock solid waste-modified loess. Therefore, we conducted compression-consolidation and direct shear tests on burnt rock solid waste-modified loess under different burnt rock contents to explore its improved loess’s deformation and strength characteristics. Then, we used an SEM to investigate the modified loess’s micro-structures under different burnt rock contents. The results showed that as the burnt rock-solid waste particle content continued to increase, the void ratio and compressibility coefficient of the samples with different ranges of burnt rock-solid waste particles gradually decreased with rising vertical pressure, while the compressive modulus increased first, then reduced and then increased with the increase of vertical pressure; the shear strength indexes all showed an increasing trend with the increased content of burnt rock-solid waste particles; when the content of burnt rock-solid waste particles was 50%, the compressibility of mixed soil was the lowest, the shear strength was the largest, and the compaction effect and shear resistance were the best. However, when the content of burnt rock particles was 10–20%, the shear strength of the soil improved significantly within the content range. The mechanism of burnt rock-solid waste to enhance the strength of the loess structure was mainly to reduce the porosity and average area of soil, significantly improve the strength and stability of mixed soil particles, and thus significantly improve the mechanical properties of soil. The results of this research will provide technical support for safe engineering construction and geological disaster prevention and control in loess areas.
Short-term impact of diurnal temperature range on cardiovascular diseases mortality in residents in northeast China
Authors: Kai Xuan , Hong Zhimin , Hong Yang , Wang Xiaolei , Li Chunyang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt has been reported that cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become one of the major threats to global public health and is associated with climate change. Several previous studies have shown the influence of ambient temperature on CVD, but lack some evidence for the short-term effect of diurnal temperature range (DTR) on CVD mortality in northeast China. This is the first study to assess the correlation between DTR and CVD mortality in Hulunbuir located in northeast China. Daily CVD mortality data and meteorological data were collected from 2014 to 2020. A quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was applied to exploring the short-term impact of DTR on CVD mortality. Stratified analyses by gender, age, and season were conducted and the short-term impacts of extremely high DTR on CVD mortality were investigated. In this study, a total of 21,067 CVD mortality cases were recorded in Hulunbuir, China from 2014 to 2020. Compared to the reference value (11.20 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C, 50$${\text{ th }}$$

th

percentile), a “U-shaped” non-linear relationship between DTR and CVD mortality was observed, and extremely high DTR increased the risk of CVD mortality. The short-term effect of extremely high DTR occurred immediately and lasted up to 6 days. In addition, the male and the age $$\ge$$
≥
65 groups were more likely to be affected by extremely high DTR compared with the female and the age < 65 groups, respectively. The results also showed that extremely high DTR in cold season had a more adverse effect on CVD mortality than warm season. This study suggests that extremely high DTR for cold season should be paid enough attention to for residents in northeast China. The male and the age $$\ge$$
≥
65 groups were more vulnerable to the impacts of DTR. The study results may provide some suggestions for decision-making by local public health authorities to avoid the adverse impacts of high DTR, and improve the health of residents, especially vulnerable groups in cold season.
A national multiple baseline cohort study of mental health conditions in early adolescence and subsequent educational outcomes in New Zealand
Authors: Gorman Emma , Bowden Nicholas , Kokaua Jesse , McNeill Brigid , Schluter Philip J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractYoung people experiencing mental health conditions are vulnerable to poorer educational outcomes for many reasons, including: social exclusion, stigma, and limited in-school support. Using a near-complete New Zealand population administrative database, this prospective cohort study aimed to quantify differences in educational attainment (at ages 15–16 years) and school suspensions (over ages 13–16 years), between those with and without a prior mental health condition. The data included five student cohorts, each starting secondary school from 2013 to 2017 respectively (N = 272,901). Both internalising and externalising mental health conditions were examined. Overall, 6.8% had a mental health condition. Using adjusted modified Poisson regression analyses, those with prior mental health conditions exhibited lower rates of attainment (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.86–0.88) and higher rates of school suspensions (IRR 1.63, 95% CI 1.57–1.70) by age 15–16 years. Associations were stronger among those exhibiting behavioural conditions, compared to emotional conditions, in line with previous literature. These findings highlight the importance of support for young people experiencing mental health conditions at this crucial juncture in their educational pathway. While mental health conditions increase the likelihood of poorer educational outcomes, deleterious outcomes were not a necessary sequalae. In this study, most participants with mental health conditions had successful educational outcomes.