bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le refus de l’étranger. Migrations, discours et exclusions dans la subjectivité néolibérale
Authors: Giannica Davide , Inticher Binkowski Gabriel , Moro Marie Rose 
Published: February 2023

Dans cet article nous tenterons de rendre compte d’anciennes et de nouvelles formes de discrimination à l’œuvre aujourd’hui, afin d’appréhender le refus de l’étranger dans les pays de transit et de destination des flux migratoires actuels, mais aussi le refus de l’altérité rencontré sous plusieurs formes dans les sociétés de départ. Nous explorerons les dynamiques discursives de production de l’exclusion à travers le refus du radicalement autre et la radicalisation des « petites différences », en vue de construire une topologie de l’usage de l’étranger dans le maintien et la légitimation des inégalités dans les cultures où le néolibéralisme est devenu une idéologie centrale. Dans ce but, nous nous concentrerons sur l’actualité des vagues migratoires pour montrer comment le néolibéralisme provoque une homogénéisation des processus biopolitiques concernant la gestion des populations. Nous envisagerons comment cette idéologie vise à promouvoir une gestion du sujet étranger lui assignant un lieu social, politique et subjectif abject, dans lequel le sujet subit des effets de détresse discursive (Rosa, 2016).
Du discours au dispositif
Authors: Damian-Gaillard Béatrice , Vörös Florian 
Published: February 2023

Cet article propose une introduction aux queer media studies , qui interrogent le rôle des technologies médiatiques dans la production et la contestation d’un ordre social hétéronormé, structuré par des hiérarchies entre les sexes et entre les sexualités, elles-mêmes imbriquées dans des rapports de classe et de racialisation. Une première partie présente l’apport de l’approche anti-essentialiste des relations de pouvoir élaborée par Michel Foucault, qui permet de sortir de la double impasse qui consiste d’un côté à valoriser toute expression publique de la sexualité comme une forme de libération et, de l’autre, à vouloir purifier la sexualité de toute relation de pouvoir. Quatre domaines de recherche sont ensuite passés en revue : l’analyse discursive des représentations médiatiques, l’approche par les affects des enquêtes en réception, les approches par la matérialité de la technique et enfin les enquêtes sur la production et la régulation des médias. La conclusion précise que la sexualité est une dimension transversale de la vie sociale, qui concerne potentiellement toutes les recherches sur les médias et les technologies de communication.
Revisiting Folger’s pouch in double-chambered right ventricle
Authors: Sachdeva Sakshi , Bhatt Dheeraj Deo , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Folger’s pouch is a right ventricular outflow pouch arising from the distal low-pressure chamber in double-chambered right ventricle. It is rarely described on echocardiogram due to difficult visualization and lack of knowledge of its existence. Retrospective assessment of echocardiogram after an angiocardiographic evaluation demonstrates the pouch in a modified high parasternal view.
Pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid & pyrazinamide during daily & intermittent dosing: A preliminary study
Authors: Ramachandran Geetha , Kumar A.K. Hemanth , Kannan T. , Thangakunam Balamugesh , Shankar Deepa , Christopher Devasahayam J. 
Published: February 2023

Background & objectives:
The National Tuberculosis (TB) Control Programme has transitioned from thrice-weekly to daily drug treatment regimens in India. This preliminary study was conceived to compare the pharmacokinetics of rifampicin (RMP), isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA) in TB patients being treated with daily and thrice weekly anti-TB treatment (ATT).

Methods:
This prospective observational study was undertaken in 49 newly diagnosed adult TB patients receiving either daily ATT (n=22) or thrice-weekly ATT (n=27). Plasma RMP, INH and PZA were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results:
The peak concentration (Cmax) of RMP was significantly higher (RMP: 8.5 µg/ml vs. 5.5 µg/ml; P=0.003) and Cmax of INH was significantly lower (INH: 4.8 µg/ml vs. 10.9 µg/ml; P<0.001) in case of daily dosing compared to thrice-weekly ATT. Cmax of drugs and doses was significantly correlated. A higher proportion of patients had subtherapeutic RMP Cmax (8.0 µg/ml) during thrice-weekly compared to daily ATT (78% vs. 36%; P=0.004). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that Cmax of RMP was significantly influenced by the dosing rhythm, pulmonary TB and Cmax of INH and PZA by the mg/kg doses.

Interpretation & conclusions:
RMP concentrations were higher and INH concentrations were lower during daily ATT, suggesting that INH doses may need to be increased in case of a daily regimen. Larger studies are, however, required using higher INH doses when monitoring for adverse drug reactions and treatment outcomes.
Quality assurance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests
Authors: Srivastava Bina , Sharma Supriya , Ahmed Naseem , Kumari Preeti , Gahtori Renuka , Sinha Swati , Kumar Sandeep , Sanalkumar M. , Mahale Paras , Swarnkar Deendayal , Anvikar Anupkumar R. 
Published: February 2023

Background & objectives:
India targets malaria elimination by 2030 in a phased manner, so malaria’s assured diagnosis is crucial. Introduction of rapid diagnostic kits in India in 2010 has revolutionized malaria surveillance. The storage temperature of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), kit components and handling in transportations impact the results of RDTs. Therefore, quality assurance (QA) is required before it reaches end-users. The Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR-NIMR) has a World Health Organization (WHO) recognized lot-testing laboratory facility to assure the quality of RDTs.

Methods:
The ICMR-NIMR receives RDTs from different manufacturing companies as well as various agencies such as National and State Programmes and Central Medical Services Society. The WHO standard protocol is followed to conduct all the tests, including long-term and post-dispatch testing.

Results:
A total of 323 lots tested during January 2014-March 2021 were received from different agencies. Amongst them, 299 lots passed the quality of test and 24 failed. In long-term testing, 179 lots were tested and only nine failed. A total of 7741 RDTs were received from end-users for post-dispatch testing of which 7540 qualified the QA test with a score of 97.4 per cent.

Interpretation & conclusions:
RDTs received for quality testing showed compliance with QA evaluation of malaria RDTs based on the protocol recommended by the WHO. However, continuous monitoring of the quality of RDTs is required under QA programme. Quality-assured RDTs have a major role, especially in areas where low parasitaemia of parasites persists.
Prevalence of normoalbuminuric chronic kidney disease among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus from India
Authors: Jayakumari Chellamma , Gomez Ramesh , Dipin Sasidharan , Jayakumar R. V. , Vijayakumar Karthik , Sreenath Ravindranath , Ajeesh Thulaseedharan , Jabbar Puthiyaveettil Khadar , Das Darvin Vamadevan , Gopi Giri Vishnu , Seena Thadathil Pandarakandy , Nair Abilash 
Published: February 2023

Background & objectives:
A subset of diabetic individuals are known to develop progressive renal insufficiency without albuminuria, referred to as normoalbuminuric chronic kidney disease (NACKD). There is, however, a paucity of studies regarding this condition in India. So, this study, aimed to find the prevalence of normoalbuminuric renal dysfunction and its clinical associations in diabetic Indian population.

Methods:
Medical record search of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary care centre was done. Based on the urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (>30 mg/g creatinine) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) (<60 ml/min/1.73m2), individuals were classified as having, (i) no kidney disease (NKD), (ii) chronic kidney disease (CKD), (iii) albuminuria alone (ALB), (iv) normoalbuminuric low e-GFR (NACKD) and (v) albuminuria with low e-GFR albuminuric CKD (ACKD). Furthermore, the clinical and biochemical parameters of these groups were also compared.

Results:
Data from 3534 diabetes patients with a mean age of 53.8±10.9 yr and mean duration of diabetes of 10.3±7.5 yr were available for the analysis. NACKD constituted 39.1 per cent of the patients with reduced e-GFR, NACKD was found in 2.1 per cent and ACKD in 3.4 per cent of all diabetic patients. Compared to NKD patients, was found an independent association between NACKD and higher age, male sex, lower body weight and statin intake but not with glycated haemoglobin, fasting and postprandial plasma glucose. Patients with NACKD were found to be older than those with ACKD. Retinopathy was found to be more prevalent in the ACKD patients, whereas the rates of macrovascular complications were found to be similar between the groups. The prevalence of NACKD relative to ACKD decreased in CKD stages 3b, 4 and 5.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that NACKD constituted greater than one third of patients with diabetes and decreased e-GFR, which showed a strong association with age but not with duration or severity of hyperglycaemia or the presence of retinopathy. Both NACKD and ACKD showed similar associations with macrovascular disease.
Evaluation of EGM96 and EGM08 based on GPS/Levelling Heights in Egypt
Authors: Aziz Khaled Mahmoud Abdel , Rashwan Karim Samir , Saba Nasr 
Published: February 2023

The heights determined by Global Positioning System (GPS) refer to the ellipsoid called the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84). Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) that are available on GNSS commercial software are generally used to transform ellipsoidal heights to orthometric heights. In this study, the geoid heights of GPS/Levelling were computed to evaluate the accuracy of the geoid heights obtained from two GGMs, namely, the Earth Gravitational Model 96 (EGM96) and the Earth Gravitational Model 08 (EGM08). Seventeen (17) GPS/Levelling stations of the High Accuracy Reference Network (HARN) over Egypt were used for this purpose. The standard deviations for the differences between the geoid heights obtained through GPS/Levelling and those obtained from EGM96 and EGM08 were determined as ± 1.212 m and ± 0.543 m, respectively. This research confirms that the geoid heights obtained from EGM08 are closer to the geoid heights determined using GPS/Levelling over Egypt.
Gournay, Marie le Jar de (1565–1645)
Authors: Deslauriers Marguerite 
Published: February 2023

Marie de Gournay was a 17th-century French essayist and polemicist. She is most well known for her contribution to discussions of the French language, and for her uncompromising and lucid feminism. Gournay argued for the equality of the sexes at a time when that was an extremely uncommon stance. Most authors engaged in the long-running ‘querelle des femmes’ (or ‘debate about women’) advanced the idea that either women or men were superior. Gournay anticipated the egalitarianism that post-Cartesian feminists espoused later in the century, and was the first woman to do so. Her claim for equality was based on an understanding of sexual difference as restricted to the body, and limited to the functions of reproduction. In this, too, she was before her time, since most participants in the debate took bodily differences to be both important and indicative of intellectual and moral differences between the sexes. Gournay insisted on the sameness of men and women in all intellectual, moral and hence social and political respects.
She embraced a conception of human nature as essentially rational, and emphasized the importance of education for the full development of reason. Since she believed that knowledge was the basis of virtue, she advocated education as a necessary condition for moral maturity.
Gournay was influenced by the work of Montaigne, and adopted from him a critical attitude to received opinion. She advocated caution in accepting customary norms, and encouraged independent judgment as the best means toward cultivating reason and acquiring virtue.
Psychologism
Authors: Porta Mario González 
Published: February 2023

Psychologism is a form of reductionism, either of a certain discipline to psychology, or of a certain type of objects to psychological entities, whereby a certain consensus believes that said reductionism necessarily entails relativism and scepticism.
Notwithstanding psychologism’s place in any realm of philosophy, or even beyond, it had particular relevance in logic. Given that ‘logic’ in the nineteenth century comprises what we today call logic proper, epistemology, and semantics, we can therefore differentiate between three basic types of psychologism and corresponding anti-psychologism.
Psychologism as a theoretic trend with numerous manifestations in the history of philosophy, must be distinguished from the ‘quarrel over psychologism’ (Psychologismusstreit), a historical-philosophical process which receives most emphasis in Germany from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century.
In what follows we shall approach the topic from two points of view, namely, systematic and historical. The first offers a clarification of the concept of psychologism and its types and explores the main theses and arguments either in favour of psychologism or against it. The second distinguishes two main ramifications of the Psychologismusstreit, to wit, the neo-Kantian and logical realist, linking both in diverse ways to Kant and other processes that, despite being interrelated with the Psychologismusstreit, are different from it. The exposition will close with a consideration of this topic’s development in its contemporary framework.
Reproduction and ethics
Authors: Mertes Heidi 
Published: February 2023

The ethics of reproduction is concerned with outlining and critically analysing the moral pitfalls and opportunities surrounding reproductive decision-making by prospective parents, health care professionals and policy makers.
A central concept in reproductive ethics is the widely recognised right to reproductive freedom. People are free to decide whether, how, and with whom they wish to reproduce, as long as their reproductive decisions do not substantially harm third parties. The most relevant third party, of course, is the future child. Various standards have been advanced to determine the level of welfare that should be safeguarded for that child.
A philosophical problem underlying the discussion about the most appropriate welfare standard is the non-identity problem, which refers to the fact that if the only way in which someone could exist is with a disability caused by the circumstances of their conception, and if they have a life worth living, then they cannot be said to be harmed by their conception. This appears to plead for a very low welfare standard for the future child. Another principle in reproductive ethics, procreative beneficence, however, holds that if one has the choice about which people to bring to life, one should choose for those people who are most likely to have the best quality of life, which directs us towards a higher welfare standard. Generally, a ‘reasonable welfare standard’ is adopted, which does not allow procedures that would lead to significant harm or suffering, although it allows for a limited level of risk.
In debates regarding the ending of embryonic or foetal life, rather than establishing it, a central concept is the moral status of the human embryo or foetus. Whether, and to what extent, abortion or embryo research is acceptable, will in part depend on the moral status accorded to the embryo and foetus. As different people have adopted different criteria to determine this moral status, these issues remain controversial.
Another locus of ongoing controversy can be found at the crossroads of genetics and reproduction as genetic screening is becoming a more central element in modern reproduction (especially prenatally, but also pre-implantation and pre-conception). Genetic screening leads to greater reproductive autonomy and the prevention of suffering, but also to concerns about eugenics and its impact on society. The possibility of germline genome modification is likely to add fuel to the fire in this debate.
Supererogation
Authors: Archer A.T.M. 
Published: February 2023

A supererogatory act is an act that is beyond the call of duty. In other words, it is an act that is morally good to perform but that is not morally required. For example, someone who sacrifices their own life in order to save someone else’s acts in a morally praiseworthy way but it does not seem that they were required to act in this way.
Supererogation raises a number of philosophical problems. The first concerns how to explain the connection between moral goodness and moral obligation. If acts of supererogation exist then this rules out a simple connection according to which we must always perform the act that is morally best. However, if this is not the connection between moral goodness and moral obligation then what is? This puzzle has been called the paradox of supererogation.
The second problem, called the all or nothing problem, relates to cases where a helpful action appears to be supererogatory but once someone decides to help they are obliged to do so in a particular way.
The third problem, called the transitivity problem, arises when we consider the relationship between three cases where someone must make a choice between two acts they could perform. The puzzle arises because it seems that in such cases there exist reasons that can make it permissible not to perform an action that is very good from the moral point of view but that do not make it permissible not to perform an act that is less good from the moral point of view.
Categories
Authors: Westerhoff Jan 
Published: February 2023

Even though categories play an important role in philosophy (especially in ontology and metaphysics), it is clear that not all categories play such a role. Philosophers are very interested in the categories of the material and the mental, or the abstract and the concrete, but not so much in the categories of knives and forks, or fruit and vegetables. This fact instantly raises the first philosophical problem connected with categories: what is the difference between those that seem philosophically weighty, and those that do not?
Once we have addressed this question and demarcated the categories philosophers are interested in (sometimes referred to as ontological categories), an immediately following question concerns their nature.
Does the set of these categories (often a set that is structured in some way, frequently in the form of a tree) constitute the structure of the world in a very general sense, or is this set rather indicative of the structure of our thinking about the world?
In either case it is necessary to come up with some idea of how we can know the ontological categories in the first place. We can find out about knives and forks by merely looking at the world, but the fundamental distinction between concrete things like billiard balls and abstract things like numbers is not similarly obvious. We therefore need to engage in some epistemology of metaphysics in order to determine whether we find out about the structure of categories by examining the world through our senses, by various armchair exercises (such as reflecting on our thinking about the world, or about the use of language), or by a combination of the two.
Finally, we may also wonder what our newly acquired knowledge of categories could be for. What role do ontological categories play in solving philosophical problems, or in formulating philosophical theories? And is their usefulness strictly confined to philosophy, or do they have any function in other intellectual endeavours?
Universals
Authors: Cowling Sam 
Published: February 2023

Universals such as humanity, redness, and mass are general entities instantiated by particulars. For example, Trudeau and Obama are particulars that instantiate the universal humanity just as stop signs and strawberries instantiate the universal redness. Universals are often held to occupy one or more of the theoretical roles associated with properties. Among other tasks, they are commonly thought to explain the similarities between distinct particulars and to serve as the meaning of expressions like ‘humanity’ and ‘being red’. Unlike trope theory, which rejects universals in favour of particularized property instances like the redness of this very apple or the humanity of Obama, universals are often described as ‘the one over the many’ as they are shared or had in common by distinct particulars.
The division between particulars and universals is of both historical and contemporary significance. On one historically influential usage, nominalism is the thesis that reality is exhaustively particular. It therefore explicitly rejects general entities like universals. On a second and perhaps more contemporary usage, nominalism is the denial that there are any abstract entities such as numbers and propositions. Since universals are usually held to be abstract rather than concrete entities, proponents of universals and nominalists – regardless of how ‘nominalism’ is understood – typically stand opposed. Within contemporary metaphysics, there remains considerable disagreement about the nature of universals including their variety, structure, and the instantiation relation that ties universals to particulars. Note, also, that terminological complications abound in this area with some authors using ‘instantiation’ interchangeably with ‘exemplification’ or ‘characterization’ and others taking talk of ‘properties’, ‘qualities’, or ‘attributes’ to be synonymous with talk of ‘universals’. This latter practice often unhelpfully obscures important distinctions among competing views about properties.
Meta-metaphysics
Authors: Tahko Tuomas E. 
Published: February 2023

Meta-metaphysics concerns the nature and methodology of metaphysics and metaphysical inquiry. The emergence of meta-metaphysics as a systematic area of study is relatively recent, going back to the late 1990s. But the issues pursued in meta-metaphysics are certainly not novel: an age-old question about the nature of metaphysics is whether it is possible to obtain knowledge about metaphysical matters in the first place, and if it is, how this knowledge is obtained.
The contemporary trend in meta-metaphysics was largely inspired by a well-known debate between Rudolf Carnap and W.V.O. Quine. This debate focused on the notion of existence and the seemingly problematic commitment to the existence of things that, on the face of it, do not exist, such as fictional entities or abstract entities such as numbers. But important as this issue is, contemporary meta-metaphysics has a much broader focus: it attempts to situate the field of metaphysics both within philosophy and within human inquiry more broadly speaking. Hence, meta-metaphysics has close ties to epistemology and philosophy of science, given that a central question in this area is how, or whether, metaphysical inquiry differs from scientific inquiry.
One issue that may cause confusion is that the terms ‘meta-metaphysics’ and ‘metaontology’ are often used synonymously. But there are good reasons to distinguish them. Metaontology has a somewhat stricter focus and continues the tradition of the Quine–Carnap debate; it concerns issues such as the problems related to quantifying over abstract or non-existent entities. Meta-metaphysics also involves other themes than those already mentioned (see Tahko 2015). These include the definition of metaphysical and ontological realism, the discussion surrounding metaphysical grounding and fundamentality (see Bliss and Trogdon 2016), and the epistemology of metaphysics more broadly conceived.