bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Exposure Tests on Perfluoroalkoxy Sheet
Authors: Van Tilburg V.S.M. , Stirling C.D. , Miller N.A. 
Published: April 2023

Welded and unwelded panels of perfluoroalkoxy sheet have been exposed to 70% nitric acid, 98% sulphuric acid and 50% sodium hydroxide in such a manner that the panels were subjected to both total immersion and vapour phase conditions. Tensile and flexural test pieces were subjected to total immersion at the same time. Exposure periods were for three months at 40°C and for 28 days at 80°C. Deliberately strained specimens were totally immersed in 98% sulphuric acid and 50% sodium hydroxide for 28 days at 80°C. After exposure, the panels were examined visually and under a scanning microscope (SEM) for any signs of chemical attack or cracking. The tensile and flexural test pieces were tested after exposure to determine whether there had been any adverse effects on properties.
Stress Corrosion Cracking in Fibreglass Composite Structures - A Case Study
Authors: Frankle Robert S. 
Published: April 2023

One failure mechanism experienced by fibreglass composite structures is stress corrosion cracking, which occurs in structures under load in a corrosive environment. Over time, stress corrosion cracking attacks the glass fibres, which weakens the structure and can lead to premature failure. Stress corrosion cracking failure is characterized by flat fracture surfaces perpendicular to the fibres at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Prevention of stress corrosion cracking includes proper selection of fibre and resin, and use of a protective layer between the glass fibres and the environment. Fibreglass structures that have failed due to stress corrosion cracking include chemical tanks, sewer pipe and pressure vessels. This paper describes the phenomenon of stress corrosion cracking in fibreglass composite structures. It also presents, as a case study, the investigation of the failure of a fibreglass overwrapped compressed air cylinder, used in a self-contained breathing apparatus. The failure was attributed to stress corrosion cracking following exposure to a highly acidic cleaning fluid. The cause of the failure was determined based on the results of fractography, chemical analysis, and stress corrosion tests performed on samples of the accident cylinder.
Respite and connection: Autistic adults’ reflections upon nature and well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Friedman Samantha , Noble Roan , Archer Stephanie , Gibson Jenny , Hughes Claire 
Published: April 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns provided opportunities to engage and reconnect with nature, with many people noting associated benefits to well-being. Research from the pandemic period has largely focused on the way neurotypical or general populations experienced nature; less is known about how autistic people used nature to support well-being during this time. In this qualitative survey study of 127 autistic adults in the United Kingdom, we used reflexive thematic analysis of text box responses to develop two themes: respite in nature and connecting amid widespread disconnection. For some autistic adults during the pandemic, nature provided physical distance from others or from crowded homes, enabling them to use nature to experience relief from stress. In addition, some participants felt more psychologically connected to nature itself during the pandemic, while for others, nature served as a way of connecting with others during a potentially isolating time. These findings have implications for autistic people and their families and carers who may want to seek out nature-based activities to support well-being in the wake of the pandemic. Lay abstract The Covid-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns provided opportunities to spend time in nature, with many people reporting that this benefitted their well-being. However, existing research from the pandemic period has focused on the way general populations experienced nature; less is known about how autistic people used nature to support their well-being during the pandemic. We created a survey that invited autistic adults living in the United Kingdom to reply to text box questions. A total of 127 people responded to our survey; we analysed their responses using a method called reflexive thematic analysis and developed themes based on patterns among all the responses. We developed two themes: respite in nature and connecting amid widespread disconnection. For some autistic adults during the pandemic, nature provided physical distance from others or from crowded homes, which helped them reduce their stress. In addition, some participants felt more psychologically connected to nature itself during the pandemic, while for others, nature served as a way of connecting with others during a potentially isolating time. These findings are important for autistic people and their families and carers who may want to seek out nature-based activities to support well-being in the wake of the pandemic.
Hand and Wrist Amputation: A Demographic Analysis Using the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Stearns Stephen A. , Weidman Allan A. , Engmann Toni F. , Valentine Lauren , Hernandez Alvarez Angelica , Foppiani Jose , Lin Samuel J. , Dowlatshahi Sammy 
Published: April 2023

Background: Traumatic hand and wrist amputations are rare but debilitating injuries. Surgical replantation of the hand provides a unique alternative to revision surgery but requires appropriate access to necessary medical resources. This study aims to understand the national practice of replantation of traumatic hand amputation and to determine whether disparities exist in accessing surgical treatment. Methods: International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes for replantation and revision amputation surgeries were used to gather data from the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2019. Summary statistics were calculated on demographic, hospital, and outcome variables, with subanalysis performed for effect on replantation and revision rates. Results: Seventy-two patients were identified. The average patient was 35 years old with a strong male predominance (90%). The racial distribution of the cohort roughly mirrored the demographic proportions of race in the US population. Fifteen (21%) patients underwent replantation. This rate was similar between sexes, races, and income brackets. Hand replantation was primarily performed at large bed size (87%), private not-for-profit (73%), and urban teaching hospitals (94%). The most common insurance status for these patients was private, followed by Medicaid, Medicare, and self-pay. Forty-seven patients underwent revision amputation (65%) with no association between demographic characteristics. The patients remained hospitalized for significantly longer periods ( P = .0188) and paid significantly more ( P = .0014) if replanted. The patients were most frequently discharged home (65%), followed by skilled nursing facilities (18%). Conclusion: This study describes the current state of hand amputation management and finds no evidence of sociodemographic factors influencing the surgical care provided.
Isometric thumb extension exercise as part of a multimodal intervention for de Quervain’s syndrome: A randomised feasibility trial
Authors: McBain Brodwen , Rio Ebonie , Cook Jill , Sanderson Jeffrey , Docking Sean 
Published: April 2023

Introduction de Quervain’s syndrome is a painful condition commonly presented to hand therapists. Exercise is utilised as an intervention, but isometric exercise has not been investigated. We aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of isometric thumb extension exercise for de Quervain’s syndrome and to explore differences between high-load and low-load isometric exercise. Methods This parallel-group randomised clinical feasibility trial included individuals with de Quervain’s syndrome. All participants underwent a 2 week washout period where they received an orthosis, education, and range of motion exercises. Eligible participants were then randomised to receive high or low-load isometric thumb extension exercises, performed daily for 4 weeks. Feasibility and safety were assessed by recruitment and drop-out rates, adherence, adverse events, and participant feedback via semi-structured interviews. Secondary outcomes included patient-reported outcomes for pain and function, and blinded assessment of range of motion and strength. Results Twenty-eight participants were randomised. There were no drop-outs after randomisation, and no serious adverse events. Adherence to exercise was 86.7%, with 84% of participants stating they would choose to participate again. There were clinically and statistically significant improvements in pain and function over time ( p < 0.001) but not in range of motion or strength. There were no statistically significant between-group differences. Conclusions Isometric thumb extension exercise within a multimodal approach appears a safe and feasible intervention for people with de Quervain’s syndrome. A large multi-centre trial would be required to compare high- and low-load isometric exercises. Further research investigating exercise and multimodal interventions in this population is warranted.
Post COVID-19 Vaccination Side Effects and Associated Factors Among Vaccinated Clients in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia
Authors: Siraj Ebrahim Abdela , Yayehrad Ashagrachew Tewabe , Yilma Zewdu , Getahun Tamyalew , Melaku Mequannent Sharew , Bizuneh Gizachew Kassahun , Kifle Zemene Demelash , Yimenu Dawit Kumilachew 
Published: April 2023

Introduction The lack of local side effect profiles for vaccines could hinder vaccination uptake. Since all COVID-19 vaccines are brand-new medications, it is crucial to keep track of any safety related concern. Objective This study is aimed to investigate post-vaccination side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors in Bahir Dar city. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among vaccinated clients. A simple random and a systematic random sampling method were used to select the health facilities and the participants, respectively. Bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were executed with odds ratio at 95% confidence intervals at p < .05. Results A total of 72(17.4%) participants reported at least one side effect following vaccination. The proportion prevalence was higher after the first dose than that of the second dose and the difference was also found to be statistically significant. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis female participants (AOR = 3.39, 95% CI =  1.53, 7.52), participants with a history of regular medication use (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI  =  1.52, 7.33), participants aged 55 and above (AOR = 2.93, 95% CI  =  1.23, 7.01), and participants who had taken only the first dose (AOR = 14.81, 95% CI  =  6.40, 34.31) were more likely to develop side effects for COVID 19 vaccination compared to their counterparts. Conclusion A significant number (17.4%) of participants reported at least one side effect following vaccination. Sex, medication, occupation, age, and type of vaccination dose were factors statistically associated with the reported side effects.
Genome-wide analysis of the metallothionein gene family in cassava reveals its role in response to physiological stress through the regulation of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Ma Yanyan , Xue Maofu , Zhang Xiaofei , Chen Songbi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is widely planted in tropical and several subtropical regions in which drought, high temperatures, and other abiotic stresses occur. Metallothionein (MT) is a group of conjugated proteins with small molecular weight and rich in cysteine. These proteins play a substantial role in response to physiological stress through the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the biological functions of MT genes in cassava are unknown.

Results
A total of 10 MeMT genes were identified in the cassava genome. The MeMTs were divided into 3 groups (Types 2–4) based on the contents and distribution of Cys residues. The MeMTs exhibited tissue-specific expression and located on 7 chromosomes. The MeMT promoters contain some hormones regulatory and stresses responsiveness elements. MeMTs were upregulated under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment and in respond to post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD). The results were consistent with defense-responsive cis-acting elements in the MeMT promoters. Further, four of MeMTs were selected and silenced by using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method to evaluate their functional characterization. The results of gene-silenced cassava suggest that MeMTs are involved in oxidative stress resistance, as ROS scavengers.

Conclusion
We identified the 10 MeMT genes, and explore their evolutionary relationship, conserved motif, and tissue-specific expression. The expression profiles of MeMTs under three kinds of abiotic stresses (wounding, low-temperature, and H2O2) and during PPD were analyzed. The tissue-specific expression and the response to abiotic stresses revealed the role of MT in plant growth and development. Furthermore, silenced expression of MeMTs in cassava leaves decreased its tolerance to ROS, consistent with its predicted role as ROS scavengers. In summary, our results suggest an important role of MeMTs in response to physiological stress as well as species adaptation via the regulation of ROS homeostasis.
Can regulatory T cells improve outcomes of sensitised patients after HLA-Ab incompatible renal transplantation: study protocol for the Phase IIa GAMECHANgER-1 trial
Authors: Dudreuilh C , Jarvis P , Beadle N , Pilecka I , Shaw O , Gardner L , Scottà C , Mamode N , Game DS , Sanchez-Fueyo A , Lombardi G , Learoyd A , Douiri A , Dorling A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Kidney transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for patients with kidney failure. However, one-third of patients awaiting a kidney transplant are highly sensitized to human leukocyte antigens (HLA), resulting in an increased waiting time for a suitable kidney, more acute and chronic rejection, and a shorter graft survival compared to non-highly sensitised patients. Current standard immunosuppression protocols do not adequately suppress memory responses, and so alternative strategies are needed. Autologous polyclonally expanded regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been demonstrated to be safe in transplant settings and could be a potential alternative to modulate memory immune alloresponses.

Methods
The aim of this trial is to determine whether adoptive transfer of autologous Tregs into HLA sensitised patients can suppress memory T and B cell responses against specific HLA antigens. This is a two-part, multi-centre, prospective clinical trial, comprising an observational phase (Part 1) aiming to identify patients with unregulated cellular memory responses to HLA (Pure HLA Proteins) followed by an interventional phase (Part 2). The first 9 patients identified as being eligible in Part 1 will undergo baseline immune monitoring for 2 months to inform statistical analysis of the primary endpoint. Part 2 is an adaptive, open labelled trial based on Simon’s two-stage design, with 21 patients receiving Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-grade polyclonally expanded Tregs to a dose of 5–10 × 106 cells/kg body weight. The primary EP is suppression of in vitro memory responses for 2 months post-infusion. 12 patients will receive treatment in stage 1 of Part 2, and 9 patients will receive treatment in stage 2 of Part 2 if ≥ 50% patients pass the primary EP in stage 1.

Discussion
This is a prospective study aiming to identify patients with unregulated cellular memory responses to Pure HLA Proteins and determine baseline variation in these patterns of response. Part 2 will be an adaptive phase IIa clinical trial with 21 patients receiving a single infusion of GMP-grade polyclonally expanded Tregs in two stages. It remains to be demonstrated that modulating memory alloresponses clinically using Treg therapy is achievable.

Trial registration
EudraCT Number: 2021–001,664-23.
REC Number: 21/SC/0253.
Trial registration number ISRCTN14582152.
Papilledema and venous stasis in patients with cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis
Authors: Park Min-Gyu , Roh Jieun , Ahn Sung-Ho , Park Kyung-Pil , Baik Seung Kug 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) can cause increased intracranial pressure, often leading to papilledema. In this study, we investigated the association between papilledema and venous stasis on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in CVST.

Methods
Patients with CVST between 2008 and 2020 were reviewed. Patients without fundoscopic examination or SWI were excluded in this study. Venous stasis was evaluated and scored for each cerebral hemisphere: each hemisphere was divided into 5 regions according to the venous drainage territories (superior sagittal sinus, Sylvian veins, transverse sinus and vein of Labbé, deep cerebral veins, and medullary veins) and 1 point was added if venous prominence was confirmed in one territory on SWI. The venous stasis score on SWI between cerebral hemispheres with and without papilledema was compared.

Results
Eight of 19 patients with CVST were excluded because of the absence of fundoscopic examination or SWI. Eleven patients (26.5 ± 2.1 years) were included in this study. Papilledema was identified in 6 patients: bilateral papilledema in 4 patients and unilateral papilledema in 2 patients. The venous stasis score on SWI was significantly higher (P = 0.013) in the hemispheres with papilledema (median, 4.0; 95% CI, 3.038–4.562) than in the hemispheres without papilledema (median, 2.5; 95% CI, 0.695–2.805).

Conclusions
This study shows that higher score of venous stasis on SWI is associated with papilledema. Therefore, the venous stasis on SWI may be an imaging surrogate marker of increased intracranial pressure in patients with CVST.
Measurement invariance of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 across males and females seeking treatment for common mental health disorders
Authors: Saunders Rob , Moinian Delilah , Stott Joshua , Delamain Henry , Naqvi Syed Ali , Singh Satwant , Wheatley Jon , Pilling Stephen , Buckman Joshua E.J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) are routinely used in research and clinical practice. Whilst measurement invariance of these measures across gender has been demonstrated individually in general population studies and clinical samples, less is known about invariance of the distinct but correlated latent factors (‘depression’ and ‘anxiety’). The current study assessed measurement invariance of these constructs across males and females seeking treatment for common mental health disorders.

Methods
Data were provided from eight psychological treatment services in London, England. Data from initial assessments with the services where individual items on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were available were included in analyses. Measurement invariance was explored across self-identified genders, with ‘male’ and ‘female’ categories available in the dataset. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using propensity score matching on sociodemographic and clinical variables.

Results
Data were available for 165,872 patients (110,833 females, 55,039 males). There was evidence of measurement invariance between males and females in both the full sample and a propensity score matched sample (n = 46,249 in each group).

Conclusions
Measurement invariance of the correlated depression and anxiety factors of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were indicated in this sample of individuals seeking psychological treatment for CMHDs. These results support the use of these measures in routine clinical practice for both males and females. This is of particular importance for assessing the prevalence of clinically significant levels of symptoms as well as comparing treatment outcomes across genders.
Perceptions of plain packaging and health warnings among university students in Turkey: a survey-based experiment
Authors: Caner Asena , Turan Belgi , Gürdal Mehmet Y. , Güven Sibel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Cigarette pack design plays a crucial role in attracting customers, especially when other marketing methods are limited by policy. University students who engage in casual smoking take the risk of developing an addiction. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of plain packaging (PP) and graphic health warnings (GHWs) on cigarette packages on three outcome variables (negative affect, avoidant responses, and intentions to quit) among ever-smoker university students in Ankara, Turkey, where youth smoking prevalence is high.

Methods
An online survey-based experiment was used to collect data. The respondents were randomly assigned to one of the five conditions that contained images of cigarette packs with specific design elements. Regression analyses (n = 623) were used to compare across conditions and to estimate the effects of combined warnings (versus text-only warnings), stronger GHWs (versus old GHWs), and PP (versus branded packages) on the outcome variables, accounting for potential confounders.

Results
Stronger GHWs generated more negative affect (0.31 points out of 5, p = 0.010) and avoidant responses (0.42 points out of 5, p = 0.002) than old warnings (when brand logos were visible). Plain packages generated more negative affect (0.48 points out of 5, p < 0.001) and avoidant responses (0.46 points out of 5, p = 0.001) than branded packages (with old warnings). Disentangling the effects of PP and new GHWs revealed that neither had individual differential effect on intentions to quit within 6 months.

Conclusions
Although no differential effect of PP or harsher GHWs was found on intentions to quit when respondents were exposed to images on screen, both design elements were found to be effective in generating negative affect and avoidant responses. More work is needed to design effective tobacco control measures among youth during critical years of tertiary education.