bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lunan Valley Project: medieval rural settlement in Angus
Authors: Pollock David 
Published: March 2023

In 1983/4 the Lunan Valley Project (later named Angus Archaeology Project) investigated part of lowland Angus for evidence of medieval settlement and land mangement.
The likely enclosure ditches around two historically 'known' medieval settlements were identified from aerial reconnaissance. One was subsequently excavated at Chapelton, and its medieval date was confirmed, but limited excavation within the enclosure failed to locate contemporary houses. A single small excavation at Red Castle, Lunan Bay, provided indications of interrupted occupation on part of the hilltop site from the late prehistoric or early medieval period to the documented abandonment of the castle. Further excavation and ground survey in the area produced evidence of a disastrous medieval sandstorm taking valuable land out of cultivation and probably causing the desertion of a pre-13th-century settlement at Corbie.
Without excavation a study of land divisions (upstanding and identified from cropmarks) provided limited information on the rate of change of the countryside through the medieval period. Most major boundaries, and a few minor ones, survived in use from the last prehistoric period to, and through, the medieval period. But the location of settlement, generally unchanged from the earliest documentary references (late 12th century to 16th century) appears to have undergone changes in the preceding millennium.
Peat depth variability at Machrie North, Arran, and its implications for archaeological survey and conservation in British uplands
Authors: Ray Keith , Chamberlain Andrew T 
Published: March 2023

The results of a series of surveys of an area of peat moorland on the Isle of Arran, Scotland, have been analysed to determine the relationship between surface indications and subsurface cultural features. The study reveals that variation in the depth of peat accounts for much of the apparent areal density of surf ace features. The paper further demonstrates how the conservation strategy enacted at the survey area, based as it was largely on surface indications, was effective in selecting for preservation those areas with shallow peat cover and not (as was believed at the time of implementation) those with a higher feature density. These findings together crystallize various doubts concerning current survey practices, and the survey and conservation policies which it has been advocated should be based upon them.
Range observer‐based formation control for heterogeneous spatial underactuated vehicle networks
Authors: Wang Bo , Nersesov Sergey , Ashrafiuon Hashem 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, we solve the distributed formation control problem for heterogeneous spatial underactuated vehicle networks subject to switching topologies. We consider the spatial rigid body model of underwater and aerial vehicles with one translational actuator for propulsion and three rotational actuators, without any simplification. A distributed finite‐time sliding mode observer is designed to estimate the ranges between vehicles based on the bearing angles, and thus, the control design does not require relative position or distance measurements. A coordinate transformation is proposed to define continuous reference velocity trajectories under switching topologies. Then, based on the cascade structure, a distributed formation protocol is presented which guarantees the global asymptotic convergence for the closed‐loop system. The formation controller has a simple structure, requires only neighbor‐to‐neighbor information exchange, and all the measurements may be obtained using simple onboard sensors. Numerical simulations for a group of heterogeneous spatial underactuated vehicles including autonomous underwater vehicles and quadrotors are presented.
Intermediate Phase Engineering with 2,2‐Azodi(2‐Methylbutyronitrile) for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ge Yansong , Wang Haibing , Wang Cheng , Wang Chen , Guan Hongling , Shao Wenlong , Wang Ti , Ke Weijun , Tao Chen , Fang Guojia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSequential deposition has been widely employed to modulate the crystallization of perovskite solar cells because it can avoid the formation of nucleation centers and even initial crystallization in the precursor solution. However, challenges remain in overcoming the incomplete and random transformation of PbI2films with organic ammonium salts. Herein, a unique intermediate phase engineering strategy has been developed by simultaneously introducing 2,2‐azodi(2‐methylbutyronitrile) (AMBN) to both PbI2and ammonium salt solutions to regulate perovskite crystallization. AMBN not only coordinates with PbI2to form a favorably mesoporous PbI2film due to the coordination between Pb2+and the cyano group (C≡N), but also suppresses the vigorous activity of FA+ions by interacting with FAI, leading to the full PbI2transformation with the preferred orientation. Therefore, perovskites with favorable facet orientations are obtained, and the defects are largely suppressed owing to the passivation of uncoordinated Pb2+and FA+. As a result, a champion power conversion efficiency over 25% with a stabilized efficiency of 24.8% is achieved. Moreover, the device exhibits an improved operational stability, retaining 96% of initial power conversion efficiency under 1000 h continuous white‐light illumination with an intensity of 100 mW cm−2at ≈55 °C in N2atmosphere.
Carbon Dots for Electroluminescent Light‐Emitting Diodes: Recent Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: Shi Yuxin , Su Wen , Yuan Fanglong , Yuan Ting , Song Xianzhi , Han Yuyi , Wei Shuyan , Zhang Yang , Li Yunchao , Li Xiaohong , Fan Louzhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs), as emerging carbon nanomaterials, have been regarded as promising alternatives for electroluminescent light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their distinct characteristics, such as low toxicity, tuneable photoluminescence, and good photostability. In the last few years, despite remarkable progress achieved in CD‐based LEDs, their device performance is still inferior to that of well‐developed organic, heavy‐metal‐based QDs, and perovskite LEDs. To better exploit LED applications and boost device performance, in this review, a comprehensive overview of currently explored CDs is presented, focusing on their key optical characteristics, which are closely related to the structural design of CDs from their carbon core to surface modifications, and to macroscopic structural engineering, including the embedding of CDs in the matrix or spatial arrangement of CDs. The design of CD‐based LEDs for display and lighting applications based on the fluorescence, phosphorescence, and delayed fluorescence emission of CDs is also highlighted. Finally, it is concluded with a discussion regarding the key challenges and plausible prospects in this field. It is hoped that this review inspires more extensive research on CDs from a new perspective and promotes practical applications of CD‐based LEDs in multiple directions of current and future research.
Defect Passivation and Energy Level Modulation of CsPbBr2I QDs for High‐Detectivity and Stable Photodetectors
Authors: Sun Jiayi , Zhao Xuan , Si Haonan , Gao Fangfang , Zhao Bin , Ouyang Tian , Li Qi , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Yue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh‐detectivity and stable photodetectors (PDs) have been intensively concerned in the field of wireless optical communication, among which perovskite material has become a prospective candidate owing to its outstanding photoelectric properties. However, the defects and mismatched energy levels of perovskite material can significantly reduce the detectivity and stability of PDs. Herein, the CsPbBr2I quantum dots (CQDs) with the surface modulation via potassium trifluoroacetate (KTFA) are utilized to deserve high‐detectivity and stable PDs. The surface modulation for CQDs not only passivates defects by inhibiting vacancies, but also enhances hole transport capacity by modulating energy level mismatch. As a result, the assembled CsPbBr2I PDs show a responsivity of 0.375 A W−1, a detectivity of 1.12 × 1013 Jones and an on/off ratio of 104. More importantly, the CsPbBr2I PDs exhibit excellent long‐term stability for 12 weeks and can withstand 1000 bending cycles. This work provides a guideline for the development of perovskite in wireless optical communication.
Controlling Morphological Dimensions of Organic Charge‐Transfer Cocrystal by Manipulating the Growth Kinetics for Optical Waveguide Applications
Authors: Wu Bin , Zhuo Ming‐Peng , Chen Song , Su Yang , Yu You‐Jun , Fan Jian‐Zhong , Wang Zuo‐Shan , Wang Xue‐Dong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrecise fabrication of organic micro/nanostructures with regular morphology has gained a considerable concern in developing high‐performance optoelectronic devices, which is still a huge challenge to realize tunable morphology without the dependence on molecule packing arrangement. Herein, a thermodynamic/kinetic controlled self‐assembly for triphenylene‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TP‐TCNQ) cocrystal, with well‐defined microwires and microplates based on the same crystal structure, is proposed. With the low solution concentration of C = 5 mm, the comparable growth rates along [011] driven by π–π interaction and along [100] driven by charge‐transfer (CT) interaction facilitate the formation of thermodynamically favored shape of microplates. In contrast, the prominent CT interaction along [100] leads to the construction of microwires at kinetic state under high‐concentration solution of C = 10 mm. Furthermore, the prepared TP‐TCNQ microwires and microplates demonstrate isotropic photonic transmissions with the low optical loss coefficient of 0.033 and 0.042 dB µm−1, respectively. This strategy provides a novel avenue to finely construct the organic microcrystals with desired morphology for potential optoelectronics.
Entecavir versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on the reduction of incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B‐related liver cirrhosis
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hung , Lai Huang‐Lun , Wang Chun‐Hsiang , Chang Kuo‐Kuan , Mo Lein‐Ray , Lin Ruey‐Chang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the effect of long‐term continuous entecavir (ETV) compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) on the reduction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) related liver cirrhosis. This study recruited patients who had CHB‐related liver cirrhosis and received ETV or TDF treatment for more than 6 months. Regular assessments of ultrasonography and alpha‐fetoprotein test were arranged every 3 months for HCC detection. Five‐year cumulative incidence of HCC and risk factors for HCC development were analyzed. A total of 286 consecutive cirrhotic patients were included, 198 in the ETV group and 88 in the TDF group. During a median follow‐up of 57.5 months, 25 (12.6%) patients in the ETV group and 12 (13.6%) patients in the TDF group developed HCC. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of HCC was comparable between the ETV and TDF groups (6.57% vs. 9.09%, log‐rank p = .242). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that male, old age, diabetes, and low platelet count were independent risk factors for HCC development. This study observed that long‐term ETV or TDF provided comparable preventive effects on HCC development in patients with CHB‐related liver cirrhosis.
A literature review of bench top and pilot lead corrosion assessment studies
Authors: Devine Christina , Triantafyllidou Simoni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBench top and pilot lead corrosion studies are gaining more interest, considering revisions and upcoming improvements to the Lead and Copper Rule. This literature review identified studies ranging from simpler month(s)‐long bench top dump‐and‐fill stagnant water tests (coupon tests/standing pipe tests) to more complicated year(s)‐long intermittent flow pilot studies (recirculating pipe loops/once through pipe rigs). With increasing complexity in design and operation, studies more closely approximated real plumbing conditions (e.g., by incorporating harvested lead pipes and intermittent flow regimes) at increased cost, footprint, and duration. Comparison of bench top and pilot designs (in terms of lead test piece age/dimensions/configuration/replicates, study duration, sample collection, and other factors) can assist drinking water utilities, consultants, academics, and others to select a design that matches their needs and constraints. No matter the choice, surrogate systems cannot replace actual system water testing and are best complemented by other corrosion assessment tools.
Genetically engineered pair of cells for serological testing and its application forSARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ssemadaali Marvin A. , Arredondo Juan , Buser Elise A. , Newmyer Sherri , Radhakrishnan Harikrishnan , Javitz Harold S. , Dandekar Satya , Bhatnagar Parijat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe have developed a serology test platform for identifying individuals with prior exposure to specific viral infections and provide data to help reduce public health risks. The serology test composed of a pair of cell lines engineered to express either a viral envelop protein (Target Cell) or a receptor to recognize the Fc region of an antibody (Reporter Cell), that is,Diagnostic‐Cell‐Complex (DxCell‐Complex). The formation of an immune synapse, facilitated by the analyte antibody, resulted into a dual‐reporter protein expression by the Reporter Cell. We validated it with human serum with confirmed history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. No signal amplification steps were necessary. The DxCell‐Complex quantitatively detected the target‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) within 1 h. Validation with clinical human serum containing SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies confirmed 97.04% sensitivity and 93.33% specificity. The platform can be redirected against other antibodies. Self‐replication and activation‐induced cell signaling, two attributes of the cell, will enable rapid and cost‐effective manufacturing and its operation in healthcare facilities without requiring time‐consuming signal amplification steps.
Associations between adverse childhood experiences and non‐parental care placement among head start‐eligible low‐income children
Authors: Lee Kyunghee 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine if adverse childhood experience (ACE) is a predictor for non‐parental care status based on the Head Start Impact Study data. ACEs consisted of parental alcohol/drug use, depression, neglectful parenting practices, family violence and single parenthood. Children's non‐parental care status was based on whether children lived in a placement away from their biological parents. This study examined (i) if each of the ACEs have any association with the status of non‐parental care and (ii) if the cumulative number of ACEs have any impact on these associations. Each of the ACEs was associated with the likelihood of children living apart from their biological parents except parental alcohol/drug abuse. As children's ACE scores increased, so did the likelihood of them being in non‐parental care. Children whose mothers had less than a high school education, those speaking English at home and children living in rural areas were more likely to be in non‐parental care, whereas recently immigrated families were less likely to be in non‐parental care. ACEs screening and family‐focused trauma‐informed care should be implemented within early childcare and education programs, such as Head Start, to ensure wellbeing among young at‐risk children with ACEs.
Simultaneous Activation of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides to Produce Cyclic Carbonates by Cross‐linked Epoxy Resin Organocatalysts
Authors: Lu Chenjie , Zhang Yao‐Yao , Zhu Xiao‐Feng , Yang Guan‐Wen , Wu Guang‐Peng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of efficient bifunctional organocatalysts for the catalytic conversion of CO2under mild conditions remains particularly challenging. Inspired by the synergistic mechanism of intramolecular Lewis acid‐base active sites, we report a series of bifunctional cross‐linked epoxy resin organocatalysts containing multiple active sites for the cycloaddition reaction of dilute CO2with epoxides. These catalysts exhibit high reactivity and product selectivity (10 examples, >99 %) for the cycloaddition reactions of a variety of epoxides and CO2, and surprisingly, epichlorohydrin (ECH), can be converted under ambient temperature and pressure (25 °C, 1.0 bar) without co‐catalysts.1H NMR,13C NMR,19F NMR and in situ IR studies suggest that the simultaneous and efficient activation of CO2and epoxides is responsible for the improved catalytic activity. Upon an insightful investigation of the catalytic mechanism, this protocol will contribute to the development of efficient and environmentally friendly metal‐free catalysts.
Extending the Palette of Green Coumarin Photocages – Oligonucleotide Fragmentation and Superior 5’‐Caps
Authors: Kaufmann Janik , Wolf Jonas , Heckel Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe possibilities of dicyanocoumarin (DCCM)‐modified oligonucleotides are expanded to not just allow their release and therefore activation with green light (OFF→ON) but to also now offer a solution for their fragmentation after exposure to green light (ON→OFF). Furthermore, an answer to the decreasing uncaging quantum yields often faced when working with red‐shifted photocages is given and showed that rigidified DCCM 5’‐caps outperform their predecessors. Those two new 5’‐caps with ATTO 390 motif or julolidine core are compatible with copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloadditions (CuAACs) and therefore suitable for efficient caging through cyclization or more bioconjugation reactions. Due to their planarization, they even experience an additional red‐shift which is important for their use in biological applications.
Vortex Filament Solutions of the Navier‐Stokes Equations
Authors: Bedrossian Jacob , Germain Pierre , Harrop‐Griffiths Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider solutions of the Navier‐Stokes equations in 3d with vortex filament initial data of arbitrary circulation, that is, initial vorticity given by a divergence‐free vector‐valued measure of arbitrary mass supported on a smooth curve. First, we prove global well‐posedness for perturbations of the Oseen vortex column in scaling‐critical spaces. Second, we prove local well‐posedness (in a sense to be made precise) when the filament is a smooth, closed, non‐self‐intersecting curve. Besides their physical interest, these results are the first to give well‐posedness in a neighborhood of large self‐similar solutions of 3d Navier‐Stokes, as well as solutions that are locally approximately self‐similar. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Study on the Defect Structure of Carbon‐Doped ZnO Materials
Authors: Ding Yuchuan , Niu Liyan , Chen Yong , Wang MaoHua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZinc oxide materials doped with different carbon contents are successfully synthesized. The results show that the synthesized samples are all ZnO with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The crystallite size increases with the increase of carbon doping. The size of the samples is about 400–500 nm, and the doped samples have the phenomenon of carbon microsphere adhesion. In addition, with the increase of carbon doping, the optical band gap value of the sample decreases from 3.16 to 2.79 eV, showing a decreasing trend. The results of Raman spectroscopy show that the increase of carbon doping can cause the crystal quality of the sample to decrease and the oxygen vacancy concentration to decrease. Photoluminescence spectroscopy finds that all ZnO samples have oxygen vacancy defects and deep‐level double ionized oxygen vacancies. The carbon‐doped samples show an increase in the proportion of interstitial zinc (Zni) defects and a decrease in the OZn concentration of substitutional defects.
Establishing cognitive baseline in three generations: Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Yang Jin , Ang Ting Fang Alvin , Lu Sophia , Liu Xue , Devine Sherral , Au Rhoda , Liu Chunyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionGenerational changes warrant recalibrating normative cognitive measures to detect changes indicative of dementia risk within each generation.MethodsWe performed linear regressions to compare eight neuropsychological (NP) tests among three‐generation cohorts at baseline in Framingham Heart Study (FHS,n = 4787) and conducted Cox regressions to investigate the relationships of NP tests with generation‐specific dementia risk.ResultsThe FHS second and third generations performed better than the first generation for seven NP tests (0.14–0.81 standard deviation improvement,P≤ .001) while the second and third generations performed similarly for six of eight NP tests (P > .05). One standard deviation better performance was associated with a higher reduction in incident dementia risk in the second than the first generation (35% vs. 24%,Pinteraction = .02) for the similarities test.DiscussionOur findings suggest cohort‐based norms are needed for cognitive assessment for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia.
The clinicopathologic significance of NPM1 mutation and ability to detect mutated NPM1 by immunohistochemistry in non‐AML myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Kaseb Hatem , Visconte Valeria , Socha Daniel S. , Crane Genevieve M. , Durkin Lisa , Cook James R. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Hsi Eric D. , Rogers Heesun J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNPM1 mutated non‐AML myeloid neoplasms (MN; <20% blasts) are characterized by an aggressive clinical course in a few studies. In this retrospective study, we evaluate the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of non‐AML MN patients with NPM1 mutations. We assessed NPM1 mutation by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). Cytoplasmic NPM1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on formalin‐fixed, formic acid‐decalcified bone marrow biopsy specimens. We evaluated 34 non‐AML MN patients with NPM1 mutations comprising MDS (22), MPN (3) and MDS/MPN (9). They commonly presented with anemia (88%), thrombocytopenia (58%) and leukopenia (50%). Bone marrow dysplasia was common (79%). The karyotype was often normal (64%). NGS for MN‐associated mutations performed in a subset of the patients showed a median of 3 mutations. NPM1 mutations were more often missense (c.859C > T p. L287F; 65%) than frameshift insertion/duplication (35%) with median variant allele frequency (VAF; 9.7%, range 5.1%–49.8%). Mutated NPM1 by IHC showed cytoplasmic positivity in 48% and positivity was associated with higher VAF. The median overall survival (OS) in this cohort was 70 months. Nine patients (26%) progressed to AML. OS in patients who progressed to AML was significantly shorter than the one of patients without progression to AML (OS 20 vs. 128 months, respectively, log rank p = 0.05). NPM1 mutated non‐AML MN patients commonly had cytopenias, dysplasia, normal karyotype, mutations in multiple genes, and an unfavorable clinical outcome, including progression to AML. Our data demonstrated that IHC for NPM1 can be a useful supplementary tool to predict NPM1 mutation in some non‐AML MN; however, genetic testing cannot be replaced by IHC assessment.