bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction after total mesorectumectomy
Authors: Azimov E. G. , Aliyev S. A. 
Published: June 2023

AIM:to estimate the rate, causes and features of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in patients with rectal cancer after total mesorectumectomy.PATIENTS AND METHODS:the results of surgical treatment of 103 patients with rectal cancer were analyzed in the light of immediate and long-term outcomes, who underwent total mesorectumectomy using traditional (56-54.4%) and laparoscopic (47-45.6%) technologies. In 20 (19.4%) of 103 patients, the course of the immediate postoperative period was complicated by the development of neurogenic bladder dysfunction. In order to study the frequency of neurogenic bladder dysfunction depending on the technique of mesorectumectomy, the patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 9 patients who underwent laparoscopic total mesorectumectomy. Group 2 included 11patients who underwent traditional (open) mesorectumectomy.RESULTS:the study of the functional state of the bladder according to the flowmetric indicators revealed that the frequency of development of postoperative bladder dysfunction has a gender dependence. The frequency of neurogenic bladder dysfunction was 25% in men and 10,7% in women. It is shown that during 1 week and 6 months after surgery, the average urination rate tends to increase in women and decrease in men, regardless of the technique of total mesorectumectomy. In both groups, there was not a statistically significant decrease in the maximum volumetric velocity in both men and women within 6 months after surgery. At the same time, during this period, there was a decrease in the average rate of urination only in men, regardless of the technique of total mesorectumectomy. And in women, this indicator remained unchanged or slightly increased.CONCLUSION:it is shown that a complex system of therapeutic measures, including drug stimulation of the detrusor and urethral sphincter, repeated catheterization of the bladder, as well as epicystostomy performed according to indications, allows adequate correction of bladder dysfunction after total mesorectumectomy in patients with rectal cancer.
Clinical features and quality of life of patients with idiopathic megacolon
Authors: Aleshin D. V. , Achkasov S. I. , Sushkov O. I. , Shakhmatov D. G. , Surovegin E. S. , Fomenko O. Yu. 
Published: June 2023

PATIENTS AND METHODS: the retrospective study of clinical features and diagnostic tests results included 81 patients with idiopathic megacolon/megarectum (2004–2022). The diagnosis of megacolon/megarectum was confirmed with a barium enema, Hirschsprung’s disease was excluded based on anorectal manometry and (if needed) rectal Swenson biopsy. The QoL was assessed by IBSQOL questionnaire; clinical symptoms were assessed with a point scale.RESULTS: the quality of life in patients with idiopathic megacolon has most affected energy (emotional and physical) and physical role (work/main activity). In univariate analysis the significant correlation was revealed between QoL and age, sex, rate of defecation without assistance, rate of integral parameters “abdominal discomfort” and “defecation difficulties”, duration of anamnesis, Wexner constipation scale rate and gut transit time (p < 0,05). In the same time, the presence or absence of constipation or anal incontinence (leakage), colon and rectum sizes (based on barium enema), parameters of defecografy and rectal compliance test have not correlated with a QoL. No significant difference of QoL in patients added to conservative treatment and operated after. Due to multivariate analysis (multiple linear regression) the age and rate of “abdominal discomfort” and “defecation difficulties” were only independent factors affected quality of life.CONCLUSION: in terms of quality of life, idiopathic megacolon has the greatest impact on general tone and ability to perform basic professional activities. Independent factors that statistically significantly affect the assessment of quality of life are the age of patients and the severity of symptoms of abdominal discomfort and defecation disorders.
Short-term prehabilitation of patients with colorectal cancer — protocol of a randomized trial
Authors: Zakharenko A. A. , Zavgorodniaia M. V. , Afanasiev A. A. , Potapchuk A. A. 
Published: June 2023

AIM: to estimate effect of unimodal short preabilitation on functional reserves of patients, hospital stay, complication rate and quality of life.PATIENTS AND METHODS: a single-centre, prospective, randomized study will include 128 patients undergoing colon resection for colorectal cancer. Patients will be divided into an intervention group that will receive 14 days of unimodal prehab (Group 1) and a control group that will not receive prehab (Group 2). Perioperative management of patients in both groups will be carried out in accordance with the guidelines for accelerated recovery after surgery (ERAS). The primary endpoint of the study will be the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Secondary endpoints will be: number of postoperative complications (by Clavien-Dindo), duration of the postoperative period, postoperative mortality, quality of life of patients and adherence of patients to the passage of the prehabilitation program.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: it is expected that short-term unimodal prehabilitation will improve the functional reserves of patients, reduce the duration of inpatient treatment and reduce the number and severity of postoperative complications, which can lead to a decrease in postoperative mortality and an improvement in the quality of life of patients. The adherence of the domestic cohort of patients to prehabilitation will be analyzed.
The rising death burden of atrial fibrillation and flutter in low-income regions and younger populations
Authors: Liu Ye-Mao , Wang Wenxin , Zhang Xingyuan , Lei Fang , Qin Juan-Juan , Huang Xuewei , Li Ruyan , Lin Lijin , Chen Mingming , Ji Yan-Xiao , Zhang Peng , Zhang Xiao-Jing , She Zhi-Gang , Cai Jingjing , Xu Chengsheng , Shen Zhengjun , Li Hongliang 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to depict the global death burden of atrial fibrillation and/or flutter (AFF) between 1990 and 2019 and predict this burden in the next decade.MethodsWe retrieved annual death data on cases and rates of AFF between 1990 and 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 and projected the trends for 2020–2029 by developing the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.ResultsThe global number of deaths from AFF increased from 117,038.00 in 1990 to 315,336.80 in 2019. This number is projected to reach 404,593.40 by 2029. The age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of AFF have increased significantly in low- to middle-sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, which will surpass that in high SDI regions and reach above 4.60 per 100,000 by 2029. Globally, women have a higher ASMR than men, which is largely attributed to disproportionately higher mortality in women than men in lower SDI regions. Notably, AFF-related premature mortality continues to worsen worldwide. A pandemic of high systolic blood pressure and high body mass index (BMI) largely contributes to AFF-associated death. In particular, low- to middle-SDI regions and younger populations are increasingly affected by the rapidly growing current and future risk of high BMI.ConclusionThe global death burden of AFF in low-income countries and younger generations have not been sufficiently controlled in the past and will continue growing in the future, which is largely attributed to metabolic risks, particularly for high BMI. There is an urgent need to implement effective measures to control AFF-related mortality.
Immunohistochemical scoring of LAG-3 in conjunction with CD8 in the tumor microenvironment predicts response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cheung Chun Chau Lawrence , Seah Yong Hock Justin , Fang Juntao , Orpilla Nicole Hyacinth Calpatura , Lau Mai Chan , Lim Chun Jye , Lim Xinru , Lee Justina Nadia Li Wen , Lim Jeffrey Chun Tatt , Lim Sherlly , Cheng Qing , Toh Han Chong , Choo Su Pin , Lee Suat Ying , Lee Joycelyn Jie Xin , Liu Jin , Lim Tony Kiat Hon , Tai David , Yeong Joe 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is a systemic therapeutic option for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, low patient response rates necessitate the development of robust predictive biomarkers that identify individuals who will benefit from ICB. A 4-gene inflammatory signature, comprising CD8, PD-L1, LAG-3, and STAT1, was recently shown to be associated with a better overall response to ICB in various cancer types. Here, we examined whether tissue protein expression of CD8, PD-L1, LAG-3, and STAT1 predicts response to ICB in HCC.MethodsHCC samples from 191 Asian patients, comprising resection specimens from 124 patients (ICB-naïve) and pre-treatment specimens from 67 advanced HCC patients treated with ICB (ICB-treated), were analyzed for CD8, PD-L1, LAG-3, and STAT1 tissue expression using multiplex immunohistochemistry followed by statistical and survival analyses.ResultsImmunohistochemical and survival analyses of ICB-naïve samples showed that high LAG-3 expression was associated with shorter median progression-free survival (mPFS) and overall survival (mOS). Analysis of ICB-treated samples revealed that high proportions of LAG-3+ and LAG-3+CD8+ cells pre-treatment were most closely associated with longer mPFS and mOS. Using a log-likelihood model, adding the total LAG-3+ cell proportion to the total CD8+ cell proportion significantly increased the predictive values for mPFS and mOS, compared with the total CD8+ cell proportion alone. Moreover, levels of CD8 and STAT1, but not PD-L1, were significantly correlated with better responses to ICB. After analyzing viral-related and non-viral HCC samples separately, only the LAG3+CD8+ cell proportion was significantly associated with responses to ICB regardless of viral status.ConclusionImmunohistochemical scoring of pre-treatment levels of LAG-3 and CD8 in the tumor microenvironment may help predict ICB benefits in HCC patients. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry-based techniques offer the advantage of being readily translatable in the clinical setting.
Multiplexed bead-based assay for the simultaneous quantification of human serum IgG antibodies to tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin
Authors: Rathod Vishal , Kadam Laxmikant , Gautam Manish , Gumma Prabhu Dasu , Marke Kevin , Asokanathan Cathy , Douglas-Bardsley Alex , Hassell Laura , Bhandare Sachin , Gupta Sumit , Parekh Sameer , Pujari Pramod , Rao Harish , Sharma Hitt , Shaligram Umesh , Gairola Sunil 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundLuminex bead-based assays offer multiplexing to test antibodies against multiple antigens simultaneously; however, this requires validation using internationally certified reference standards. Therefore, there is an urgent need to characterize existing reference standards for the standardization of multiplex immunoassays (MIAs). Here, we report the development and validation of an MIA for the simultaneous estimation of levels of human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies for pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN), diphtheria toxoid (DT), and tetanus toxoid (TT).MethodsThe MIA was assessed using a panel of human serum samples and WHO reference standards. The WHO reference standards were also studied for suitability in the MIA. Purified antigens (PT, FHA, PRN, DT, and TT) were coupled to the spectrally unique magnetic carboxylated microspheres. The method was validated in accordance with the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the International Committee of Harmonization Multidisciplinary (ICH M10) guidelines, and parameters such as precision, accuracy, dilutional linearity, assay range, robustness, and stability were assessed. Method agreements with commercially available IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays were also evaluated. In addition, the study assessed the level of correlation between the IgG levels estimated by the MIA and the cell-based neutralizing antibody assays for PT and DT.ResultsWe identified that an equimix of WHO international standards (i.e., 06/142, 10/262, and TE-3) afforded the best dynamic range for all the antigens in the MIA. For all five antigens, we observed that the back-fitted recoveries using the four-parameter logistic (4-PL) regression fits ranged between 80% and 120% for all calibration levels, and the percentage coefficient of variation (% CV) was &lt; 20%. In addition, the difference in mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) between the monoplex and multiplex format was &lt; 10% for each antigen, indicating no crosstalk among the beads. The MIA also showed good agreement with conventional and commercially available assays, and a positive correlation (&gt; 0.75) with toxin neutralization assays for PT and DT was observed.ConclusionThe MIA that was calibrated in accordance with WHO reference standards demonstrated increased sensitivity, reproducibility, and high throughput capabilities, allowing for the design of robust studies that evaluate both natural and vaccine-induced immunity.
Fucosylated N-glycans as early biomarkers of COVID-19 severity
Authors: Paton Beatrix , Herrero Pol , Peraire Joaquim , del Pino Antoni , Chafino Silvia , Martinez-Picado Javier , Gómez-Bertomeu Fréderic , Rull Anna , Canela Núria , Suárez Manuel 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe pathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in humans remain unclear and the unpredictability of COVID-19 progression may be attributed to the absence of biomarkers that contribute to the prognosis of this disease. Therefore, the discovery of biomarkers is needed for reliable risk stratification and to identify patients who are more likely to progress to a critical stage.MethodsAiming to identify new biomarkers we analysed N-glycan traits in plasma from 196 patients with COVID-19. Samples were classified into three groups according to their severity (mild, severe and critical) and obtained at diagnosis (baseline) and at 4 weeks of follow-up (postdiagnosis), to evaluate their behaviour through disease progression. N-glycans were released with PNGase F and labelled with Rapifluor-MS, followed by their analysis by LC-MS/MS. The Simglycan structural identification tool and Glycostore database were employed to predict the structure of glycans.ResultsWe determined that plasma from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients display different N-glycosylation profiles depending on the disease severity. Specifically, levels of fucosylation and galactosylation decreased with increasing severity and Fuc1Hex5HexNAc5 was identified as the most suitable biomarker to stratify patients at diagnosis and distinguish mild from critical outcomes.ConclusionIn this study we explored the global plasma glycosignature, reflecting the inflammatory state of the organs during the infectious disease. Our findings show the promising potential of glycans as biomarkers of COVID-19 severity.
Fatigue life prediction of orthotropic steel deck strengthened with UHPC under stochastic traffic load
Authors: Deng Ming , Yi Ju 
Published: June 2023

In recent years, the ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has been increasingly used to strengthen orthotropic steel decks (OSD) to solve the cracking problems at fatigue-prone details and pavement damage. In this paper, the fatigue life of a cable-stayed orthotropic steel decks bridge under stochastic traffic loads is calculated before and after the orthotropic steel decks strengthened with the ultra-high performance concrete layer. The traffic data of the real bridge for 1 week is first obtained based on the weigh-in-motion system. Then, a stochastic traffic load on the bridge is simulated for its service life by the Monte Carlo method. A fatigue life analysis framework, which includes the traffic load simulation, a refined finite element model, the S-N curve and Miner linear cumulative damage criterion, is proposed for fatigue life prediction of orthotropic steel decks. For the bridge before reinforcement, the predicting results for the fatigue life of three fatigue-prone details, including the scallop cutout, rib-to-diagram and rib-to-deck joint are basically consistent with that of the actual bridge inspection results. After strengthening by ultra-high performance concrete, the fatigue life of the three structural details are increased from 15.87, 13.89, and 32.26 years to more than 100 years, respectively, as compared with the original orthotropic steel decks structure.
Pressure changes in the endotracheal tube cuff in otorhinolaryngologic surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Park Sujung , Kwon Young In , Kim Hyun Joo 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveInflation of the endotracheal tube cuff is needed for providing ventilation. Cuff pressure should be maintained inside the appropriate range to prevent critical airway complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pressure changes in the endotracheal tube cuff during otorhinolaryngologic surgery.Design and methodThis single-center observational study was conducted at Severance Hospital in Korea between April 2020 and November 2020. Patients aged &gt;20 years scheduled to undergo otorhinolaryngological surgical procedures were enrolled. Patients undergoing planned tracheostomy and those who were slated for uncuffed endotracheal tube use were excluded. Intubation was performed after the induction of general anesthesia. A pressure transducer was connected to the pilot balloon of the endotracheal tube, and cuff pressure was continuously monitored until extubation. If the cuff pressure was not appropriate for more than 5 min, it was adjusted to the appropriate range by injecting or removing air. The percentage of time for which the cuff pressure remained within the appropriate range was calculated and defined as the time in the therapeutic range (TTR). The presumed cause for the rise or fall in cuff pressure was identified.ResultsIn total 199 patients, alterations in cuff pressure outside the appropriate range occurred in 191 patients (96.0%). The mean TTR was 79.7% (SD 25.0%), and head and neck surgery had the lowest mean TTR of 69.0% compared to ear and nose surgeries (94.2 and 82.1%, respectively). Sixty-eight patients (34.2%) demonstrated inadequate endotracheal tube cuff pressure for more than 20% of the total anesthesia time. Twenty-six patients (13.1%) demonstrated optimal endotracheal tube cuff pressure for less than 50% of the total anesthesia time. The causative factors inducing inappropriate cuff pressure were found to vary, including positional changes, surgical procedure, anatomical manipulation, and anesthetic procedure.ConclusionIn otorhinolaryngologic surgery, cuff pressure increased or decreased outside the appropriate range due to various factors. Therefore, we suggest close continuous monitoring of cuff pressure during anesthesia for otorhinolaryngologic surgery.Clinical trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03938493.
Prevalence and occupational exposure to zoonotic diseases in high-risk populations in the Free State Province, South Africa
Authors: van der Westhuizen Cornelius G. , Burt Felicity J. , van Heerden Nina , van Zyl Willie , Anthonissen Tonia , Musoke Jolly 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionZoonotic diseases are responsible for 2.5 billion human cases globally and approximately 2.7 million deaths annually. Surveillance of animal handlers and livestock for zoonotic pathogens contributes to understanding the true disease burden and risk factors within a community. This study investigated the prevalence of selected zoonoses in cattle, farm workers and occupational exposure to endemic zoonotic diseases and their associated risk factors.MethodsSputum samples from farmworkers were screened for Mycobacterium bovis. Blood specimens from farmworkers and archived sera were tested for serological evidence of Brucella sp., hantaviruses, and Leptospira sp. Communal and commercial cattle herds were tested for bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis.ResultsMycobacterium bovis was not isolated from human samples. A total of 327 human sera were screened, and 35/327 (10.7%) were Brucella sp. IgG positive, 17/327 (5.2%) Leptospira sp. IgM positive, and 38/327 (11.6%) hantavirus IgG positive (95% CI). A higher proportion of Brucella sp. IgG-positive samples were detected among veterinarians (value of p = 0.0006). Additionally, two cattle from a commercial dairy farm were bovine tuberculosis (bTB) positive using the bTB skin test and confirmatory interferon-gamma assay. A higher percentage of confirmed brucellosis-positive animals were from communal herds (8.7%) compared to commercial herds (1.1%).DiscussionThese findings highlight the brucellosis and M. bovis prevalence in commercial and communal herds, the zoonotic disease risk in commercial and subsistence farming in developing countries, and the occupational and rural exposure risk to zoonotic pathogens.
Specific health beliefs mediate sex differences in food choice
Authors: Egele Viktoria S. , Stark Robin 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveAlthough sex differences in dietary habits are well documented, the etiology of those differences is still a focus of research. The present study examines the role of specific health beliefs regarding healthy amounts of food for food choice and its relation to sex, more specifically, the assumption that sex differences in food choices are mediated by differentiating health beliefs.Method212 German participants (44.3% female) aged 18–70 answered an online self-report questionnaire on their dietary habits and health beliefs, based on the recommendations of the German Nutrition Society.ResultsMost of the anticipated sex differences in food choice and some differences in health beliefs were found. The mediation hypothesis was partly supported, as the relationship between sex and fruit, vegetable, and fish consumption was mediated by the respective health beliefs. However, no mediation effects were found for meat, egg, cereal, and milk product consumption.ConclusionThe support for the mediation hypothesis aligns with previous findings and indicates that health beliefs might be an important pathway to fostering healthier food choices, especially for men. Nonetheless, sex differences in food choice were only partially mediated by sex differences in specific health beliefs, indicating that future studies might benefit from parallel mediation analyses to reveal the impact of other relevant factors influencing sex differences in food choice.