bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does democracy foster entrepreneurship?
Authors: Farè Luca , Audretsch David B. , Dejardin Marcus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEntrepreneurship has been connected to several socio-economic issues. However, despite the growing conjectures, the links with democracy have yet to be substantiated. By using a country-level panel dataset over the 1972–2010 period, we find evidence that democracy is conducive to entrepreneurship. We shed light on the intensity and multidimensionality of democracy by showing that the promotion of free social interchange and the direct involvement of civil society in political processes are two dimensions of democracy driving such effect. We additionally observe that entrepreneurship is sensitive to both contemporaneous and historical values of democracy. By providing the first systematic empirical evidence that entrepreneurship and democracy are directly connected, this study suggests to consider their ongoing concomitant retreats as two related phenomena.
Against a normative asymmetry between near- and future-bias
Authors: Latham Andrew J. , Miller Kristie , Norton James 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEmpirical evidence shows that people have multiple time-biases. One is near-bias; another is future-bias. Philosophical theorising about these biases often proceeds on two assumptions. First, that the two biases areindependent: that they are explained by different factors (the independence assumption). Second, that there is a normative asymmetry between the two biases: one is rationally impermissible (near-bias) and the other rationally permissible (future-bias). The former assumption at least partly feeds into the latter: if the two biases were not explained by different factors, then it would be less plausible that their normative statuses differ. This paper investigates the independence assumption and finds it unwarranted. In light of this, we argue, there is reason to question the normative asymmetry assumption.
Semi-supervised Visual Tracking of Marine Animals Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Cai Levi , McGuire Nathan E. , Hanlon Roger , Mooney T. Aran , Girdhar Yogesh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn-situ visual observations of marine organisms is crucial to developing behavioural understandings and their relations to their surrounding ecosystem. Typically, these observations are collected via divers, tags, and remotely-operated or human-piloted vehicles. Recently, however, autonomous underwater vehicles equipped with cameras and embedded computers with GPU capabilities are being developed for a variety of applications, and in particular, can be used to supplement these existing data collection mechanisms where human operation or tags are more difficult. Existing approaches have focused on using fully-supervised tracking methods, but labelled data for many underwater species are severely lacking. Semi-supervised trackers may offer alternative tracking solutions because they require less data than fully-supervised counterparts. However, because there are not existing realistic underwater tracking datasets, the performance of semi-supervised tracking algorithms in the marine domain is not well understood. To better evaluate their performance and utility, in this paper we provide (1) a novel dataset specific to marine animals located at http://warp.whoi.edu/vmat/, (2) an evaluation of state-of-the-art semi-supervised algorithms in the context of underwater animal tracking, and (3) an evaluation of real-world performance through demonstrations using a semi-supervised algorithm on-board an autonomous underwater vehicle to track marine animals in the wild.
The Contribution of Moral Case Deliberation to Teaching RCR to PhD Students
Authors: Inguaggiato Giulia , Labib Krishma , Evans Natalie , Blom Fenneke , Bouter Lex , Widdershoven Guy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTeaching responsible conduct of research (RCR) to PhD students is crucial for fostering responsible research practice. In this paper, we show how the use of Moral Case Deliberation—a case reflection method used in the Amsterdam UMC RCR PhD course—is particularity valuable to address three goals of RCR education: (1) making students aware of, and internalize, RCR principles and values, (2) supporting reflection on good conduct in personal daily practice, and (3) developing students’ dialogical attitude and skills so that they can deliberate on RCR issues when they arise. What makes this method relevant for RCR education is the focus on values and personal motivations, the structured reflection on real experiences and dilemmas and the cultivation of participants’ dialogical skills. During these structured conversations, students reflect on the personal motives that drive them to adhere to the principles of good science, thereby building connections between those principles and their personal values and motives. Moreover, by exploring personal questions and dilemmas related to RCR, they learn how to address these with colleagues and supervisors. The reflection on personal experiences with RCR issues and questions combined with the study of relevant normative frameworks, support students to act responsibly and to pursue RCR in their day-to-day research practice in spite of difficulties and external constraints.
IL-17A Facilitates Entry of Autoreactive T-Cells and Granulocytes into the CNS During EAE
Authors: Zimmermann Julian , Nitsch Louisa , Krauthausen Marius , Müller Marcus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInterleukin-17A plays a crucial role in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Although the link between IL-17 and disease activity has been clearly demonstrated, the precise function of this cytokine remains elusive. Here, we investigated the function of astrocyte-targeted IL-17A production in GF/IL-17 transgenic mice during EAE. In particular, IL-17A is important during disease induction. In mice with transgenic IL-17A production, disease occurs earlier and peak disease is more severe, whereas remission is unimpaired. IL-17A synthesis is associated with increased infiltration of granulocytes into the CNS and microglial activation. Moreover, IL-17A synthesis allows induction of MOG-EAE without the additional administration of the co-adjuvant pertussis toxin. Examination of double transgenic GF/IL-17 2D2 mice revealed that, in addition, local IL-17A production facilitates spontaneous infiltration of immune cells into the CNS in mice expressing a MOG-specific T-cell receptor. Overall, we provide evidence for a crucial effect of IL-17A in the induction phase of EAE, facilitating the infiltration of granulocytes and autoreactive T-cells into the CNS.
PD-L1/PD-1 blockage enhanced the cytotoxicity of natural killer cell on the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by granzyme B secretion
Authors: Qiao Duan-Rui , Cheng Jun-Ya , Yan Wei-Qun , Li Hai-Jun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
To explore the role of PD-L1/PD-1 blockage in the cytotoxicity of natural killer cell in NSCLC.

Methods
Two NSCLC cell lines, Calu-1 and H460, were tested for susceptibility to the cytolytic activity of freshly isolated healthy donor NK cells by a non-radioactive cellular cytotoxicity assay kit. Western blot analysis, FACS, ELISA and antibody blockage experiments were conducted to determine the mechanisms. NK cells isolated from NSCLC patients were also collected for functional assays.

Results
Calu-1 and H460 cells were lysed by NK cells in a dose-dependent manner. H460 cells showed less susceptibility to NK cell-mediated lysis than Calu-1 cells at all ratios. The expression of PD-L1 on H460 cells was higher than that on Calu-1 cells, as determined by FACS and western blot analysis. The specific lysis of H460 cells by NK cells was enhanced when the PD-L1/PD-1 interaction was blocked by anti-PD-L1 antibody. This finding was also demonstrated in NK cells isolated from NSCLC patients.

Conclusions
The present study revealed that PD-L1/PD-1 blockage enhanced the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells in NSCLC via granzyme B secretion. This study will greatly facilitate the precise treatment of lung cancer through determination of PD-L1 expression in tumors.
Alcohol consumption after pregnancy awareness and the additive effect of pregnancy-related anxiety and child abuse
Authors: Brunton Robyn , Dryer Rachel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examined whether pregnant women alter their alcohol consumption upon pregnancy awareness and any additive effect of a maternal history of child abuse and pregnancy-related anxiety in predicting antenatal alcohol consumption. Pregnant women (N = 548, M = 31.44, SD = 4.58) completed an online survey consisting of the Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale, Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire, questions on alcohol consumption and demographics. The Wilcoxon test examined difference scores between pre-pregnancy awareness and post-awareness drinking. More women reduced or ceased drinking after pregnancy awareness (M = 0.15, SD = 1.03) than before pregnancy recognition (M = 3.12, SD = 3.91). Only two women increased their alcohol consumption, with 140 reporting no change. In the hierarchical regression analysis, child abuse was not significant in the model, whereas pregnancy-related anxiety predicted alcohol consumption, with pre-pregnancy drinking the strongest predictor. There was no significant interaction effect between pregnancy-related anxiety and child abuse. While limited by a cross-sectional design and single questions to assess alcohol intake, our findings are consistent with extant literature. Findings related to child abuse were not significant, and likely due to low prevalence in the sample, Despite this, we further established that pregnancy-related anxiety remains a significant predictor of antenatal drinking regardless of how much alcohol a woman may consume pre-pregnancy. This relationship may be explained by drinking used to cope with pregnancy-related anxieties. While current guidelines recommend alcohol screening, many women may not accurately report their alcohol intake screening for pregnancy-related anxiety may provide an avenue to identify women more at risk of drinking during pregnancy.
Supporting students with empathy: the association between empathy and coping strategies in pre-clinical medical students
Authors: Ardenghi Stefano , Russo Selena , Bani Marco , Rampoldi Giulia , Strepparava Maria Grazia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow medical students cope with stress predicts their mental health and academic/clinical performances, making the promotion of functional copy strategies a relevant outcome for medical educators. Empathy has been reported to be connected with coping. This study wanted to explore the most used coping strategies and whether gender differences existed, and to investigate whether and to what extent empathy affected coping in a sample of pre-clinical medical students. In a cross-sectional study design, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Coping Orientations to the Problems Experienced - New Italian Version (COPE-NIV) were administered to 398 (53% females) Italian second-year medical students. T-tests and multiple regression analyses were used to explore gender differences and the association between IRI and COPE-NIV scores, respectively. Problem Orientation obtained the highest mean score, whereas Avoidance the lowest one. Females outscored males on Social Support (t = 4.95, p < .001) and Transcendent Orientation (t = 4.04, p < .001). After controlling for gender, Empathic Concern was positively associated with Social Support (β = 0.223, p = .001) and Transcendent Orientation (β = 0.234, p = .001). Perspective Taking was positively and negatively associated with Positive Attitude (β = 0.248, p < .001) and Transcendent Orientation (β = − 0.180, p = .008), respectively. Personal Distress was negatively related to Problem Orientation (β = − 0.250, p < .001). Educational and psychological counselling interventions targeting empathy should be implemented in the pre-clinical years to equip medical students to cope functionally with the emotional distress linked to medical school.
Shell disc beads and the development of class-based society at the K2-Mapungubwe settlement complex (South Africa)
Authors: Mouton Michelle , Antonites Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe K2-Mapungubwe settlement complex is widely regarded as the centre for the development of class-based society out of earlier ranked communities between c. AD 900 and AD 1300 in northern South Africa, southern Zimbabwe, and eastern Botswana. Beads made from ostrich eggs, the shells of Achatinidae snails, and freshwater bivalves formed an important part of the K2-Mapungubwe economy. Although thousands of shell beads have been excavated at the K2-Mapungubwe complex, this assemblage has never been analysed or even quantified in any meaningful manner. As such, only rough estimates of the distribution, use, and meaning of shell beads at these important sites were done. This article represents the first focussed research effort on this assemblage. The results demonstrate distinct spatial and chronological changes in the shell bead assemblage. Achatina beads are more common earlier in earlier phases, but after AD 1220, ostrich eggshell beads dominate. This could indicate access to new sources of raw materials. Our analysis took into account the spatial and social contexts of beads. This indicated that shell bead assemblage from the higher-status royal living areas remained morphologically constant over time, with a clear preference for smaller-sized beads. In contrast, beads from the lower-status areas could be grouped into distinct clusters of larger and smaller beads. The grouping of smaller bead on lower-status areas closely resembles elite assemblages. Smaller beads however become proportionally rarer outside elite areas over time. This may reflect changes in elite control and preferential access to shell beads. These results demonstrate how the use and manufacture of shell beads intersected with the socio-political changes that characterise the period. It also highlights the need for careful consideration of shell beads as a significant component of the political economy in the southern African Iron Age.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Telehealth Family-Delivered Mindfulness-Based Health Wellness (MBHW) Program for Self-Management of Weight by Adolescents with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Myers Rachel E. , Medvedev Oleg N. , Oh Jisun , Shogren Karrie A. , Lancioni Giulio E. , Singh Nirbhay N. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), and the availability of and engagement in self-determined health and wellness programs is limited. The objective of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Health Wellness (MBHW) program of using telehealth to enable families to teach a field-tested lifestyle change program to their adolescents with IDD. The program encouraged the adolescents to self-determine the parameters of the program that they could use to self-manage their weight through a lifestyle change process.

Method
Eighty adolescents were randomized into experimental (n = 42) and control (n = 38) groups. The experimental group engaged in the MBHW program as taught by their families, and the control group engaged in treatment as usual (TAU) in a randomized controlled trial. Adolescents in the experimental group self-determined the parameters of each of the five components of the MBHW program and engaged in self-paced weight reduction using a changing-criterion design.

Results
All 42 adolescents in the experimental group reached their target weights and, on average, reduced their weight by 38 lbs. The 38 adolescents in the control group reduced their weight by an average of 3.47 lbs. by the end of the study. There was a large statistically significant effect of the MBHW program on reduction of both weight and body mass index (BMI) for adolescents in the experimental group. Family members and adolescents rated the MBHW program as having high social validity, and the intervention was delivered with a high degree of fidelity.

Conclusions
Families can support adolescents with IDD to use the MBHW program to effectively self-manage their weight through a lifestyle change program. Future research should use an active control group, assess maintenance of weight loss across settings and time, use relative fat mass (RFM) for estimating body fat percentage, and evaluate the impact of consuming highly processed foods on weight loss interventions.
Beyond Mindfulness Assessed by Questionnaires: The Mindful-Breathing Exercise as an Additional Approach in PTSD and Depression
Authors: Kümmerle Stella , Heidenreich Thomas , Müller-Engelmann Meike 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Despite various methodological concerns, previous studies mainly use questionnaires to assess mindfulness. Following a multi-measurement approach, the present study aimed to evaluate the added value of an experience-sampling measure in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.

Method
Data were collected in a PTSD group, depression group, and control group (each n = 33). The Mindful-Breathing Exercise (MBE) was used as an experience-sampling method and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) as a mindfulness questionnaire. Clinical variables included PTSD and depressive symptoms.

Results
Scores from the MBE and the FFMQ were positively correlated in the control group (r = 0.48) and the depression group (r = 0.28), while a non-significant correlation emerged for the PTSD group. On the level of FFMQ facets, results were heterogeneous among the three groups. The MBE predicted hyperarousal (β = − 0.41) and intrusions (β = − 0.32) in the PTSD group, whereas the FFMQ predicted depressive symptoms in the depression group (β = − 0.41) and the control group (β = − 0.65). Compared to the control group, the PTSD group (d = 1.88) and the depression group (d = 1.67) demonstrated lower FFMQ scores. In terms of the MBE, there was a trend towards higher scores in the control group than either clinical group.

Conclusions
Findings hint at conceptual overlaps and distinctive features of both measurement approaches. With respect to the clinical context, results suggest an added value of the MBE to questionnaire-based assessments of mindfulness with respect to its predictive value for hyperarousal and intrusions.

Preregistration
This study is not pre-registered.
An enhanced approach for sentiment analysis based on meta-ensemble deep learning
Authors: Kora Rania , Mohammed Ammar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSentiment analysis, commonly known as “opinion mining,” aims to identify sentiment polarities in opinion texts. Recent years have seen a significant increase in the acceptance of sentiment analysis by academics, businesses, governments, and several other organizations. Numerous deep-learning efforts have been developed to effectively handle more challenging sentiment analysis problems. However, the main difficulty with deep learning approaches is that they require a lot of experience and hard work to tune the optimal hyperparameters, making it a tedious and time-consuming task. Several recent research efforts have attempted to solve this difficulty by combining the power of ensemble learning and deep learning. Many of these efforts have concentrated on simple ensemble techniques, which have some drawbacks. Therefore, this paper makes the following contributions: First, we propose a meta-ensemble deep learning approach to improve the performance of sentiment analysis. In this approach, we train and fuse baseline deep learning models using three levels of meta-learners. Second, we propose the benchmark dataset “Arabic-Egyptian Corpus 2” as an extension of a previous corpus. The corpus size has been increased by 10,000 annotated tweets written in colloquial Arabic on various topics. Third, we conduct several experiments on six benchmark datasets of sentiment analysis in different languages and dialects to evaluate the performance of the proposed meta-ensemble deep learning approach. The experimental results reveal that the meta-ensemble approach effectively outperforms the baseline deep learning models. Also, the experiments reveal that meta-learning improves performance further when the probability class distributions are used to train the meta-learners.
Herpesviruses, polyomaviruses, parvoviruses, papillomaviruses, and anelloviruses in vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Jauhiainen Maria K. , Mohanraj Ushanandini , Lehecka Martin , Niemelä Mika , Hirvonen Timo P. , Pratas Diogo , Perdomo Maria F. , Söderlund-Venermo Maria , Mäkitie Antti A. , Sinkkonen Saku T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEtiology of vestibular schwannoma (VS) is unknown. Viruses can infect and reside in neural tissues for decades, and new viruses with unknown tumorigenic potential have been discovered. The presence of herpesvirus, polyomavirus, parvovirus, and anellovirus DNA was analyzed by quantitative PCR in 46 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded VS samples. Five samples were analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Viral DNA was detected altogether in 24/46 (52%) tumor samples, mostly representing anelloviruses (46%). Our findings show frequent persistence of anelloviruses, considered normal virome, in VS. None of the other viruses showed an extensive presence, thereby suggesting insignificant role in VS.
Strong Overall Error Analysis for the Training of Artificial Neural Networks Via Random Initializations
Authors: Jentzen Arnulf , Riekert Adrian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough deep learning-based approximation algorithms have been applied very successfully to numerous problems, at the moment the reasons for their performance are not entirely understood from a mathematical point of view. Recently, estimates for the convergence of the overall error have been obtained in the situation of deep supervised learning, but with an extremely slow rate of convergence. In this note, we partially improve on these estimates. More specifically, we show that the depth of the neural network only needs to increase much slower in order to obtain the same rate of approximation. The results hold in the case of an arbitrary stochastic optimization algorithm with i.i.d. random initializations.
One-Step Gas–Solid-Phase Diffusion-Induced Elemental Reaction for Bandgap-Tunable CuaAgm1Bim2In/CuI Thin Film Solar Cells
Authors: Fan Erchuang , Liu Manying , Yang Kangni , Jiang Siyu , Li Bingxin , Zhao Dandan , Guo Yanru , Zhang Yange , Zhang Peng , Zuo Chuantian , Ding Liming , Zheng Zhi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLead-free inorganic copper-silver-bismuth-halide materials have attracted more and more attention due to their environmental friendliness, high element abundance, and low cost. Here, we developed a strategy of one-step gas–solid-phase diffusion-induced reaction to fabricate a series of bandgap-tunable CuaAgm1Bim2In/CuI bilayer films due to the atomic diffusion effect for the first time. By designing and regulating the sputtered Cu/Ag/Bi metal film thickness, the bandgap of CuaAgm1Bim2In could be reduced from 2.06 to 1.78 eV. Solar cells with the structure of FTO/TiO2/CuaAgm1Bim2In/CuI/carbon were constructed, yielding a champion power conversion efficiency of 2.76%, which is the highest reported for this class of materials owing to the bandgap reduction and the peculiar bilayer structure. The current work provides a practical path for developing the next generation of efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly photovoltaic materials.