bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nutrition intervention on cognitive development among malnourished preschool children: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ansuya  , Nayak Baby S. , Unnikrishnan B. , Shashidhara Y. N. , Mundkur Suneel C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChildhood malnutrition impairs health, development, and productivity in adulthood. Underweight children have been found to have a variety of cognitive abnormalities. The present study examined the effect of a nutrition-focused intervention on cognitive development among malnourished preschool children between 3 and 5 years of age residing in selected villages of Udupi district, Karnataka. A cluster of 12 villages was chosen randomly. The trial had enrolled preschool children (n = 253) from randomly assigned selected villages to intervention (n = 127) and control arms (n = 126). The mothers in the intervention arm received nutrition-focused intervention and reinforcement of health teaching for 12 months. The post-intervention outcome on the cognitive development of malnourished children was measured at 6 months and 12 months. Statistical analyses indicated that 52% of children in the intervention group had average cognitive development scores on the pre-test, whereas on the post-test, only 5.5% were in the average level of cognitive development. In the control group, the average cognitive development status of the children decreased from 44.4% in the pretest to 26.2% in the post-test. The cognitive development of malnourished children in the intervention group improved compared to the control group (p < 0.001). This study revealed that home-based nutrition-focused food helps to enhance children’s cognitive development.Trial registration: ctri@gov.in. CTRI/31/03/2017/008273 [Registered on: 31/03/2017].
Diurnal change of retinal vessel density related to hemodynamic variation in treatment-naïve low-teens normal-tension glaucoma
Authors: Baek Sung Uk , Kwon Soonil , Kim Young Kook , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study undertook to investigate the diurnal variation of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) -derived retinal vessel density (RVD) in glaucoma patients with low baseline intraocular pressure (IOP). A prospective evaluation was performed on low-teens normal-tension glaucoma (low-teens NTG) patients with pre-treatment IOP < 15 mmHg and 32 healthy subjects. Superficial peripapillary and macular RVD by OCTA, IOP, and systemic blood pressure (BP) were all measured four times per day (from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.). In the low-teens NTG group, the magnitude of diurnal changes in peripapillary RVD and macular RVD were greater than those in the healthy group. Diurnal variations of diastolic BP (DBP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) also were greater in the low-teens NTG group. As for the patterns of diurnal RVD change, the inferior and temporal sections of macular RVD showed significant differences between the two groups. Diurnal changes of RVD and MOPP and were greater than those in healthy eyes. The macular RVD and MOPP showed different diurnal patterns between the two groups. From these findings, OCTA-derived RVD variation could be related to hemodynamic variability in low-teens NTG.
Gold conjugated nanobodies in a signal-enhanced lateral flow test strip for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen in saliva samples
Authors: Maher Sara , Kamel Manal , Demerdash Zeinab , El Baz Hanan , Sayyouh Omar , Saad Amany , Ali Noha , Salah Faten , Atta Shimaa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the transfer of COVID-19 from the pandemic to control, we are still in a state of uncertainty about long-term success. Therefore, there is a great need for rapid and sensitive diagnostics to sustain the control status. After several optimization trials, we developed lateral flow test (LFT) strips for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 (S1) antigen in saliva samples. For signal enhancement of our developed strips, we applied dual gold conjugates. Gold-labeled anti-S1 nanobodies (Nbs) were employed as S1 detector conjugate, while gold-labeled angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was used as S1 capturing conjugate. In a parallel strip design, we used an anti-S1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) as an antigen detector instead of anti-S1 Nbs. Saliva samples were collected from 320 symptomatic subjects (180 RT-PCR confirmed positive cases and 140 confirmed negative cases) and were tested with the developed strips. In early detection for positive samples with cycle threshold (Ct ≤ 30), Nbs-based LFT strips showed higher sensitivity (97.14%) and specificity (98.57%) than mAb-based strips which gave 90.04% sensitivity and 97.86% specificity. Moreover, the limit of detection (LoD) for virus particles was lower for Nbs-based LFT (0.4 × 104 copies/ml) than for the mAb-based test (1.6 × 104 copies/ml). Our results are in favor of the use of dual gold Nbs and ACE2 conjugates in LFT strips. These signal-enhanced strips offer a sensitive diagnostic tool for rapid screening of SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen in the easily collected saliva samples.
T-cell response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies: from fundamental mechanisms to treatment signatures
Authors: Elliot Thomas A.E. , Lecky David A.J. , Bending David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Immune checkpoint immunotherapies act to block inhibitory receptors on the surface of T cells and other cells of the immune system. This can increase activation of immune cells and promote tumour clearance. Whilst this is very effective in some types of cancer, significant proportions of patients do not respond to single-agent immunotherapy. To improve patient outcomes, we must first mechanistically understand what drives therapy resistance. Many studies have utilised genetic, transcriptional, and histological signatures to find correlates of effective responses to treatment. It is key that we understand pretreatment predictors of response, but also to understand how the immune system becomes treatment resistant during therapy. Here, we review our understanding of the T-cell signatures that are critical for response, how these immune signatures change during treatment, and how this information can be used to rationally design therapeutic strategies. We highlight how chronic antigen recognition drives heterogeneous T-cell exhaustion and the role of T-cell receptor (TCR) signal strength in exhausted T-cell differentiation and molecular response to therapy. We explore how dynamic changes in negative feedback pathways can promote resistance to single-agent therapy. We speculate that this resistance may be circumvented in the future through identifying the most effective combinations of immunotherapies to promote sustained and durable antitumour responses.
Conférence des Nations unies sur les océans et One Ocean Summit : bilan et perspectives pour les sciences océaniques
Authors: Simon Maximilien 
Published: June 2023

Deux sommets internationaux consacrés à l’océan se sont tenus en janvier 2022 puis en juin 2022 : One Ocean Summit à Brest (France) puis la Conférence des Nations unies sur les océans à Lisbonne (Portugal). Au-delà de l’importance de connaissances scientifiquement établies comme socle pour guider les politiques environnementales et la protection de l’océan, ces deux conférences mettent en évidence de grands enjeux scientifiques et de fortes attentes envers la recherche que l’on peut regrouper en six thématiques : changements climatiques et océan, alimentation – c’est-à-dire ressources halieutiques et aquaculture –, grands fonds océaniques, pollutions, océan polaire, aires marines protégées, océan numérique, ADN environnemental. Ces deux conférences ont lancé ou mis en avant les grandes initiatives internationales, européennes et nationales qui seront structurantes pour les sciences océaniques, notamment la Décennie des Nations unies pour les sciences océaniques au service du développement durable (2021-2030) et au niveau européen la mission « Restore our ocean and waters ». La coopération internationale autour de grandes infrastructures de recherche s’est renforcée comme en témoignent la transformation de Mercator Ocean International en une organisation intergouvernementale ainsi que les initiatives partagées des opérateurs de flottes océanographiques européennes. Globalement, il faut donc souligner le bilan positif pour les sciences océaniques. La recherche s’est organisée et les deux sommets confirment que des moyens y seront consacrés. Le prochain grand rendez-vous sera la conférence des Nations unies sur les océans qui sera coorganisée par la France et le Costa Rica en 2025. Il appartiendra à la communauté scientifique et aux organisateurs de poursuivre cette dynamique en utilisant ces grands sommets pour faire avancer des initiatives internationales concrètes et structurantes pour les sciences océaniques.
Free Communications of The Seventh Qatar Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Conference, Doha, Qatar, March 2–4, 3–5, 2023
Authors: Bashir Mohammed , Jabir Tania , Haq M Z. , Mokhtar Marwa , Surchi Haval , Karuppasamy Gowri , Dukhan Khaled 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThese are the abstracts of the free communications of The Seventh Qatar Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Conference, Doha, Qatar, March 2–4, 3–5, 2023. The QDEM-7 was a hybrid conference. The declared educational objectives of the congress were to give a “state of the art in endocrine practice.” International and regional key opinion leaders delivered plenary and symposia presentations. In addition, free communications on current research and clinical practice in the region and worldwide were presented . We present here the abstracts of the congress as submitted by the authors of the free communications after minimal restyling and editing to suit the publication requirements of the Journal. We hope that by publishing them in our open-access Journal, we provide early recognition of the work and extend the benefit to those who could not make it to the live presentations.
Casting Rubik’s Group into a Unitary Representation for Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Corli Sebastiano , Moro Lorenzo , Galli Davide E , Prati Enrico 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Rubik’s Cube is one of the most famous combinatorial puzzles involving nearly 4.3 × 1019 possible configurations. However, only a single configuration matches the solved one. Its mathematical description is expressed by the Rubik’s group, whose elements define how its layers rotate. We develop a unitary representation of the Rubik’s group and a quantum formalism to describe the Cube based on its geometrical constraints. Using single particle quantum states, we describe the cubies as bosons for corners and fermions for edges. By introducing a set of four Ising-like Hamiltonians, we managed to set the solved configuration of the Cube as the global ground state for all the Hamiltonians. To reach the ground state of all the Hamiltonian operators, we made use of a Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithm based on a Hamiltonian reward. The Rubik’s Cube is successfully solved through four phases, each phase driven by a corresponding Hamiltonian reward based on its energy spectrum. We call our algorithm QUBE, as it employs quantum mechanics to tackle the combinatorial problem of solving the Rubik’s Cube. Embedding combinatorial problems into the quantum mechanics formalism suggests new possible algorithms and future implementations on quantum hardware.
Quantum clock frames: Uncertainty relations, non-Hermitian dynamics and nonlocality in time
Authors: Cohen Eliahu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Dynamical evolution can be reconstructed within stationary, closed quantum systems by employing the Page-Wootters “timeless approach”. When conditioning upon the state of a “clock” subsystem, the rest of the system regains its time dependence. This mechanism, involving entanglement between the above subsystems has gained much attention during the last few years. After a brief introduction to the topic we will elaborate on a few recent results: The derivation of new time-energy uncertainty relations, emergence of non-Hermitian dynamics when utilizing non-inertial quantum clocks and dynamical nonlocality in quantum time.
Lessons and complications from gravitationally induced entanglement
Authors: Großardt André , Kemal Döner M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We critically review arguments depicting entanglement generated between exclusively gravitationally interacting particles as evidence for the necessity of a quantized gravitational field. For proposed experiments which are supposed to witness this gravitationally induced entanglement, we discuss the implications of a positive result and defend the possibility of a semiclassical theory of quantum matter on a classical spacetime which cannot be conclusively ruled out by witnessing entanglement. For thought experiments that resolve apparent causality issues with quantum systems entangled via the Newtonian gravitational interaction by considering a quantized gravitational field, we demonstrate that quantization of gravitational degrees of freedom is not only unnecessary but may result in remaining paradoxical behavior, unless a previously disregarded decoherence channel is taken into consideration.
Reparameterization invariance in accelerated proton decay
Authors: Blasone M , Lambiase G , Luciano G G , Petruzziello L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The inverse β-decay of uniformly accelerated protons has proved to be a useful playground to investigate the asymptotic nature of mixed neutrino states - either flavor or mass. Based on recent results, here we explore in more depth the role of neutrino mixing in the inverse β-decay and the consistency with CP-violation in flavor oscillations. We compute the proton decay rate Γ both in the laboratory and in the comoving frame, taking into account the emergence of Unruh effect in the latter. We show that, while the flavor representation correctly leads to a CP-quantifier

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proportional to Jarlskog invariant, mass states give instead a vanishing value for such parameter. This implies that the mass basis cannot account for CP-asymmetry in neutrino oscillations, making its usage meaningless.
No-go results on emergent space and other structures
Authors: Stoica Ovidiu Cristinel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It is often claimed that, from the abstract quantum state vector and Hamiltonian, everything emerges uniquely (for example the 3D-space, a preferred factorization of the Hilbert space, and a preferred basis). This thesis, called Hilbert-Space Fundamentalism (HSF), is assumed for example in Carroll and Singh’s “Mad-dog Everettianism”, some proposals based on decoherence, proposals that aim to describe everything by the quantum structure alone, and proposals that spacetime emerges from a purely quantum theory of gravity.
I show that whenever the 3D-space, a preferred factorization, or any other structure emerges like this, there are infinitely many solutions. This refutes Hilbert-Space Fundamentalism.
Implications for various research programs aiming to show that certain structures emerge uniquely, and for various interpretations of Quantum Mechanics, are discussed.
Indefinite causality in quantum mechanics and its thermodynamic applications
Authors: Simonov Kyrylo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The nature of causality remains one of the key puzzles in science. In quantum theory, the causal structure is not subject to quantum uncertainty and plays rather a background role. One can ask whether the background causal structure can be dropped, for example, by respecting causality only locally. Such scenarios of local validity of quantum theory while relaxing the global definite causal order of operations can be described via the machinery of process matrices. An important example of scenarios of this kind is quantum SWITCH, a process realizing a quantum superposition of causal orders of operations. Looking for the possible applications of quantum SWITCH has been the subject of growing interest in the scientific community as it could provide communication and computational resources not realizable via standard quantum theory. In the last few years, the benefits potentially offered by quantum SWITCH for thermodynamic tasks have appeared in the spotlight. This contribution aims at reviewing the recent proposals of thermodynamic applications of quantum SWITCH and draw the perspectives.
Gravitation-induced temperature of single atoms on atomic and cosmological scales
Authors: Drakova D , Doyen G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The experimental findings on the rate of transfer of a single Xe atom from the sample surface towards the tip in the low temperature STM, induced by voltage pulses, are understood by assuming a vibrational temperature for a single Xe atom. But temperature is introduced in standard quantum physics as a parameter in the Boltzmann distribution of a statistical ensemble consisting of large number of non-interacting exact copies of the dynamical system under investigation. This represents a problem, if the system under investigation is to be described by a single pure quantum state being a solution of Schrödinger’s equation. In the framework of a quantum field theory based on Einstein-Hilbert action in high dimensions (EHHD) we demonstrate that temperature for a single atom emerges if the atom is beabled in a warp resonance due to entanglement with local gravitons (gravonons), living in high spacetime dimensions (11D). Desorbing Xe atom in a limbo state in the tunnel gap, due to destruction of the beable via inelastic tunnelling, is in Boltzmann distribution over plane waves {| k〉} since the squared overlap of the warp resonance with free plane wave states varies like exp(–Ek/kBTvib
) where Ek
is the energy of the free particle state and Tvib
is the vibrational temperature of Xe calculated from the shape and the extension of the warp resonance. The nature of the warp resonance varies with the tip-sample voltage (becoming more contracted at higher tunnelling currents, as the tip approaches the sample) and raises its energy to higher values. More contracted warps at higher tunnelling currents imply stronger overlap with free states of higher energy, described by Boltzmann factors of higher temperature. The mechanism generating single atom temperature generalizes to other dynamical processes where temperature is completely determined by the nature of the warp resonance in the beables. For homogeneous and isotropic systems this implies a universal value of the temperature everywhere in the system. With these considerations the mechanism is also applied to intergalactic hydrogen-atom clusters, where it explains the observed temperature of the CMB radiation and the absence of the horizon problem.
Radioactive Fission Waste of The Conversion of High-Enriched Uranium to Low-Enriched Uranium Target on 99Mo Production
Authors: Aisyah  , Hendro  , Parjono  , Ibnu S D L , Setiawan R , Artiani P A , Rachmadetin J , Heriyanto K , Ratiko  , Nurliati G , Mirawaty  , Wati  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the past, 99mTc produced by PT. Industri Nuklir Indonesia (PT. INUKI) was carried out through the processing of a 99Mo parent radioisotope that was produced using high enriched uranium target. Due to restrictions on the use of high-enriched uranium (HEU) by the International Atomic Energy Agency, PT. INUKI has converted the process using a low enriched uranium (LEU) target. This study aims to determine the change of radioactive fission waste characteristics in 99Mo production due to the conversion process. The characteristics of radioactive fission waste generated from low-enriched uranium targets were calculated using ORIGEN 2.1 program. The results show that the radioactive fission waste contains radionuclides of activation products, actinides, and fission products. The conversion produced smaller activity of 99Mo compared to that of using the HEU target, which was 397 compared to 1010 Ci. The conversion generated radioactive fission waste with a smaller content of remaining 235U but greater content of actinides, particularly 239Pu. The activity of 239Pu in the radioactive fission waste from LEU was 29.1 μCi, approximately 19 times higher compared to that of using HEU, which was 1.52 μCi. After 50 years of decay, this radioactive fission waste was calculated to have a specific activity of 6.54x108 Bq/g, lower than that of the highly enriched uranium target, which was 3.01x109 Bq/g. This radioactive fission waste requires management with a high safety level.
Study on biogas production from coffee wastes and cow-dung fermentation and its use towards reducing emissions from coffee roasting
Authors: Irawan A , McLellan B C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The production of high-quality coffee for export is an important industry in Indonesia. However, coffee processing produces unavoidable waste and emissions to the environment; 1 kg of cherry beans (CB) needs 3 kg of water for processing (2 kg for CB selection by floating, 1kg for wash-fermentation). One kg CB generates several waste and product streams: cherry skin (44%), beans (20%), parchment (5%), pulp (4%), silverskin (0.5%), and volatiles (26.5%). This study utilized the wastewater from the washed-coffee processing such as fermentation wash water and coffee pulp. The materials were mixed with cow dung from local farms for anaerobic processing in a one-gallon digester. This research took into consideration three variations: cow dung mixed with water in the same amount (1:1); cow dung and fermentation washing wastewater (1:1); and cow dung and pulp (1:1). The resulting biogas was analyzed with gas chromatography for comparison. Biogas yield was used to estimate the potential for supplying heat and electricity for use in the coffee roasting process. Alternative energy sources were also considered in the following combinations: biogas-electricity (solar panels) and LPG-electricity (fossil). A life cycle assessment was performed on scenarios to calculate global warming potential (GWP). This study will be used as a pilot project toward a zero-waste and zero-emission coffee industry. The scenario with the lowest GWP can be used as a reference for the sustainability of coffee production.
Organic waste handling with cylindrical rotating perforated drum type: Case study of Ciater Permai, South Tangerang, Indonesia
Authors: Yarsono S , Nainggolan L M T , Dewa R P , Kismanto A , Raksodewanto A , Nisfah N , Ermada F J , Fariza O 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOver the years, organic solid waste has become the main issue and is larger than plastic waste. According to local government data, organic waste reaches almost 50% of total waste. This research aimed to find out how effectively and efficiently cylindrical rotating perforated drum types could handle organic waste generated from households. Also, to analyze challenges, strengths, knowledge gaps, and opportunities in implementing this technology for handling organic waste. This study was conducted in South Tangerang, Indonesia, involving a residential area with a population of around 390 persons, for 24 days using rotational cylindrical organic waste processing equipment with a total capacity of 60 liters. This tool was placed in an open area exposed to sufficient sunlight and adequate air circulation. To start with, the drum was filled with starters such as soil, and then every day roughly 1 kg of organic waste was thrown inside the drum, continued by rotating it 5-6 times. After 24 days, the daily average of total mixed waste was 158 kg, while organic waste was 72.7 kg. There was a 10 kg difference between the “should-be” weight and the actual weight, which was 46.33 kg and 35.15 kg, respectively. The weight of the organic waste had dropped by 24% of the total incoming waste. It is envisaged that the community will be able to use this invention independently in order to minimize the load of urban solid waste accumulation. Furthermore, the development of this waste processing equipment is the first step toward establishing the habit of waste sorting in each citizen’s household.