bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimedia Instructions for Motor Control Exercises in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Berberoğlu Utku , Ülger Özlem 
Published: February 2023

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the top 3 diseases that may lead to disability. Current treatment guidelines define exercise as a first-line treatment for nonspecific LBP (NSLBP). There are various evidence-based exercise approaches for treating NSLBP, and many of them include motor control principles. Motor control exercises (MCEs) are better than general exercises that do not include motor control principles. Many patients find learning these exercises complex and challenging, in that MCE exercises have no standard teaching method. The researchers of this study developed multimedia instructions for an MCE program to make teaching MCE easier; thus, more effective. Methods: The participants were randomized into multimedia or standard (face-to-face) instruction groups. We applied the same treatments to both groups at the same dosage. The only differences between groups were the exercise instruction methods. The multimedia group learned MCE from multimedia videos; the control group learned MCE from a physiotherapist with face-to-face instructions. Treatment lasted 8 weeks. We evaluated patients’ exercise adherence with Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS), pain with the Visual Analog Scale, and disability with Oswestry Disability Index. Evaluations were made before and after treatment. Follow-up evaluations were carried out 4 weeks after the end of treatment. Results: There was no statistically significant interaction between the group and time on pain, F2,56 = 0.068, P = .935, partial η2 = .002 and Oswestry Disability Index scores, F2,56 = 0.951, P = .393, partial η2 = .033. Also, there was no statistically significant interaction between the group and time on Exercise Adherence Rating Scale total scores F1,20 = 2.343, P = .142, partial η2 = .105. Conclusions: This study showed that multimedia instructions for MCE have similar effects to standard (face-to-face) instructions on pain, disability, and exercise adherence in patients with NSLBP. To our knowledge, with these results, the developed multimedia instructions became the first free, evidence-based instructions that have objective progression criteria and a Creative Commons license.
Heartburn relief with bicarbonate-rich mineral water: results of the randomised, placebo-controlled phase-III trial STOMACH STILL
Authors: Labenz Joachim , Anschütz Maria , Walstab Jutta , Wedemeyer Ralph-Steven , Wolters Heiner , Schug Barbara 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveWe assessed whether the bicarbonate-rich mineral water Staatl. Fachingen STILL is superior over conventional mineral water in relieving heartburn.DesignMulticentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial STOMACH STILL in adult patients with frequent heartburn episodes since ≥6 months and without moderate/severe reflux oesophagitis. Patients drank 1.5 L/day verum or placebo over the course of the day for 6 weeks. Primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with reduction of ≥5 points in the Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) score for ‘heartburn’. Secondary endpoints included symptom reduction (RDQ), health-related quality of life (HRQOL, Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (QOLRAD)), intake of rescue medication and safety/tolerability.ResultsOf 148 randomised patients (verum: n=73, placebo: n=75), 143 completed the trial. Responder rates were 84.72% in the verum and 63.51% in the placebo group (p=0.0035, number needed to treat=5). Symptoms improved under verum compared with placebo for the dimension ‘heartburn’ (p=0.0003) and the RDQ total score (p=0.0050). HRQOL improvements under verum compared with placebo were reported for 3 of 5 QOLRAD domains, that is, ‘food/drink problems’ (p=0.0125), ‘emotional distress’ (p=0.0147) and ‘vitality’ (p=0.0393). Mean intake of rescue medication decreased from 0.73 tablets/day at baseline to 0.47 tablets/day in week 6 in the verum group, whereas in the placebo group it remained constant during the trial. Only three patients had treatment-related adverse events (verum: n=1, placebo: n=2).ConclusionSTOMACH STILL is the first controlled clinical trial demonstrating superiority of a mineral water over placebo in relieving heartburn, accompanied by an improved HRQOL.Trial registration numberEudraCT 2017-001100-30.
International perspective on research priorities and outcome measures of importance in the care of children with acute exacerbations of asthma: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Gray Charmaine S , Xu Yao , Babl Franz E , Dalziel Stuart , Powell Colin V E , Chong Shu-Ling , Roland Damian , Lyttle Mark D , Fernandes Ricardo M , Benito Javier , Johnson Mike , Yock-Corrales Adriana , Santhanam Indumathy , Schuh Suzanne , Cheema Baljit , Couper Jenny , Craig Simon 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundAcute exacerbations of asthma are common in children, however, treatment decisions for severe exacerbations are challenging due to a lack of robust evidence. In order to create more robust research, a core set of outcome measures needs to be developed. In developing these outcomes, it is important to understand the views of clinicians who care for these children in particular, views that relate to outcome measures and research priorities.MethodsTo determine the views of clinicians, a total of 26 semistructured interviews based on the theoretical domains framework were conducted. These included experienced clinicians from emergency, intensive care and inpatient paediatrics across 17 countries. The interviews were recorded, and later transcribed. All data analyses were conducted in Nvivo by using thematic analysis.ResultsThe length of stay in hospital and patient-focused parameters, such as timing to return to school and normal activity, were the most frequently highlighted outcome measures, with clinicians identifying the need to achieve a consensus on key core outcome measure sets. Most research questions focused on understanding the best treatment options, including the role of novel therapies and respiratory support.ConclusionOur study provides an insight into what research questions and outcome measures clinicians view as important. In addition, information on how clinicians define asthma severity and measure treatment success will assist with methodological design in future trials. The current findings will be used in parallel with a further Paediatric Emergency Research Network study focusing on the child and family perspectives and will contribute to develop a core outcome set for future research.
SWI/SNF Complex Genomic Alterations as a Predictive Biomarker for Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Multiple Cancers
Authors: Wang Di , Wang Jianchao , Zhou Dongmei , Wu Zhixian , Liu Wei , Chen Yanping , Chen Gang , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Whether there is an association between SWI/SNF genomic alterations in tumors and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) remains unclear because prior studies have focused on either an individual gene or a predefined set of genes. Herein, using mutational and clinical data from 832 ICI-treated patients who underwent whole-exome sequencing, including sequencing of all 31 genes of the SWI/SNF complex, we found that SWI/SNF complex alterations were associated with significantly improved overall survival (OS) in melanoma, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, and gastrointestinal cancer, as well as improved progression-free survival (PFS) in non–small cell lung cancer. Including tumor mutational burden as a variable, the multivariate Cox regression analysis showed SWI/SNF genomic alterations had prognostic value in melanoma [HR, 0.63 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.47–0.85), P = 0.003], clear-cell renal cell carcinoma [HR, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.46–0.85), P = 0.003], and gastrointestinal cancer [HR, 0.42 (95% CI, 0.18–1.01), P = 0.053]. Furthermore, we used the random forest method for variable screening, identifying 14 genes as a SWI/SNF signature for potential clinical application. Significant correlations were observed between SWI/SNF signature alterations and improved OS and PFS in all cohorts. This suggests that SWI/SNF gene alterations are associated with better clinical outcomes in ICI-treated patients and may serve as a predictive marker for ICI therapy in multiple cancers.
Breastfeeding and Later‐Life Cardiometabolic Health in Women With and Without Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Magnus Maria C. , Wallace McKenzie K. , Demirci Jill R. , Catov Janet M. , Schmella Mandy J. , Fraser Abigail 
Published: February 2023

Background
Breastfeeding is associated with improved cardiometabolic profiles decades after pregnancy. Whether this association exists for women who experience hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is unknown. The authors examined whether breastfeeding duration or exclusivity are associated with long‐term cardiometabolic health, and whether this relationship differs by HDP status.

Methods and Results

Participants (N=3598) were from the UK ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) cohort. HDP status was assessed by medical record review. Breastfeeding behaviors were assessed by contemporaneous questionnaires. Breastfeeding duration was categorized as never, <1, 1 to <3, 3 to <6, 6 to <9, and 9+ months. Breastfeeding exclusivity was categorized as never, <1, 1 to <3, and 3 to 6 months. Measures of cardiometabolic health (body mass index, waist circumference, C‐reactive protein, insulin, proinsulin, glucose, lipids, blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, carotid intima‐media thickness, and arterial distensibility) were measured 18 years after pregnancy. Analyses were conducted using linear regression adjusting for relevant covariates. Breastfeeding was associated with improved cardiometabolic health (lower body mass index, waist circumference, C‐reactive protein, triglycerides, insulin, and proinsulin) in all women, but not for every breastfeeding duration. Interaction tests revealed additional benefits in women with a history of HDP, with the strongest benefit observed in the 6‐ to 9‐month breastfeeding category (diastolic blood pressure, −4.87 mm Hg [95% CI, −7.86 to −1.88], mean arterial pressure −4.61 [95% CI, −7.45 to −1.77], and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, −0.40 mmol/L [95% CI, −0.62 to −0.17 mmol/L]). Differences in C‐reactive protein and low‐density lipoprotein “survived” Bonferroni correction (
P
<0.001). Similar results were observed in the exclusive breastfeeding analyses.

Conclusions
Breastfeeding may be a mechanism to reduce the cardiovascular disease sequela associated with HDP; however, there is a need to establish whether associations reflect a causal effect.
Trends and Outcomes of ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Among Young Women in the United States
Authors: Abe Temidayo , Olanipekun Titilope , Adedinsewo Demilade , Ogunmoroti Oluseye , Udongwo Ndausung , Effoe Valery , Rice Bria , Onuorah Ifeoma , Ghali Jalal K. , Mehta Puja K. , Michos Erin D. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Although there has been a decrease in the incidence of ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the United States, this trend might be stagnant or increasing in young women. We assessed the trends, characteristics, and outcomes of STEMI in women aged 18 to 55 years.

Methods and Results

We identified 177 602 women aged 18 to 55 with the primary diagnosis of STEMI from the National Inpatient Sample during years 2008 to 2019. We performed trend analyses to assess hospitalization rates, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor profile, and in‐hospital outcomes stratified by three age subgroups (18–34, 35–44, and 45–55 years). We found STEMI hospitalization rates were decreased in the overall study cohort from 52 per 100 000 hospitalizations in 2008 to 36 per 100 000 in 2019. This was driven by decreased proportion of hospitalizations in women aged 45 to 55 years (74.2% to–71.7%;
P
<0.001). Proportion of STEMI hospitalizationincreased in women aged 18–34 (4.7%–5.5%;
P
<0.001) and 35–44 years (21.2%–22.7%;
P
<0.001). The prevalence of traditional and non‐traditional female‐specific or female‐predominant CVD risk factors increased in all age subgroups. The adjusted odds of in‐hospital mortality in the overall study cohort and age subgroups were unchanged throughout the study period. Additionally, we observed an increase in the adjusted odds of cardiogenic shock, acute stroke, and acute kidney injury in the overall cohort over the study period.

Conclusions
STEMI hospitalizations are increasing among women aged <45 years, and in‐hospital mortality has not changed over the past 12 years in women aged <55 years. Future studies on the optimization of risk assessment and management of STEMI in young women are urgently needed.
Infertility and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Farland Leslie V. , Wang Yi‐Xin , Gaskins Audrey J. , Rich‐Edwards Janet W. , Wang Siwen , Magnus Maria Christine , Chavarro Jorge E. , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Missmer Stacey A. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Certain symptoms associated with infertility are associated with cardiovascular disease, including menstrual cycle irregularity, early menopause, and obesity; however, few studies have investigated the association between infertility and cardiovascular disease risk.

Methods and Results
Participants in the NHSII (Nurses' Health Study II) who reported infertility (12 months of trying to conceive without success, including women who subsequently conceived) or who were gravid, with no infertility were followed from 1989 until 2017 for development of incident, physician‐diagnosed coronary heart disease (CHD) (myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, angioplasty, stent) and stroke. Time‐varying Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs and were adjusted a priori for potential confounding variables. Among 103 729 participants, 27.6% reported having ever experienced infertility. Compared with gravid women who had not reported infertility, women with a history of infertility had greater risk of CHD (HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.01–1.26]) but not stroke (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.77–1.07]). The association between history of infertility and CHD was strongest among women who reported infertility at an earlier age (HR for infertility first reported at ≤25 years, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.09–1.46]; HR at 26–30 years, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.93–1.25]; HR at >30 years, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.70–1.19]). When we investigated specific infertility diagnoses, elevated risk of CHD was observed among women whose infertility was attributed to an ovulatory disorder (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.05–1.55]) or endometriosis (HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.09–1.85]).

Conclusions
Women with infertility may be at an increased risk of CHD. Risk differed by age at first infertility diagnosis and was restricted to ovulatory‐ and endometriosis‐related infertility.
Foundations of an Expanded Community of Fate
Authors: Bowles Samuel , Carlin Wendy 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We develop a representation of markets, states, and civil society as aspects of institutions and policies that might provide the foundations of the expanded community of fate proposed by Margaret Levi and Zachary Ugolnik. What we term our “synergy simplex” provides a language and roadmap for researching and debating the alternatives, a process that the authors (and the moral political economy project they lead) have so fruitfully launched.
Governance for Human Social Flourishing
Authors: Bednar Jenna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Government has become something that happens to us in service of the economy rather than a vehicle driven by us to realize what we can achieve together. To save the planet and live meaningful lives, we need to start seeing one another not as competitors but as collaborators working toward shared interests. In this essay, I propose a framework for human social flourishing to foster a public policy that rebuilds our connections and care for one another. It is based on four pillars-dignity, community, beauty, and sustainability-and emphasizes not just inclusiveness but participation, and highlights the importance of policy-making at the local level in the rebuilding of prosocial norms.
Power to Pursue Happiness
Authors: Kennedy Joseph 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Declaration of Independence lists the “pursuit of Happiness” as one of the rights that government is duty-bound to protect. Yet in the United States, decades of conservative and neoliberal policies have made that right illusory for far too many. By several metrics-economic inequality, life expectancy, and the alarming growth in so-called deaths of despair-it has become clear that the government has failed to provide most Americans with a basic level of security, much less with the chance to pursue lives of meaning and connectedness. A major reason for this failure is the distortion of the American political system, which is increasingly beholden to a small minority. We need a renaissance of civic engagement and local activism to challenge the systemic barriers to well-being, restore our democracy, and make our government attentive to public happiness in all its dimensions.
Biophilia & Military Degrowth
Authors: Livingston Julie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This essay responds to Natasha Iskander and Nichola Lowe's essay on the potential for biophilic institutions, lauding their focus on labor justice and the body of the worker as a route to institutional change. Using the U.S. military as an example, this response asks if all institutions can become biophilic or if some must instead be shrunk, dismantled, or radically reimagined? It goes on to consider the collateral impact of the military in terms of labor justice and environmental damage to call its biophilic potential into question.
Doing Well by Doing Right
Authors: Cohen Joshua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Richard Locke, Ben Armstrong, Samantha Schaab-Rozbicki, and Geordie Young speculate that COVID-related challenges might lead firms to shift their assumptions about workers in ways that open up new political-economic possibilities, with benefits for workers in safety, compensation, and voice. I am skeptical about the idea of such COVID-induced learning. Drawing on an analysis of the costs of high turnover in the electronics supply chain, however, I argue that more generous assumptions about workers appear to have operational benefits. Understanding those operational benefits might lead firms to be less resistant to demands from workers for the kinds of jobs that Locke and his coauthors celebrate.
Neoliberal Fragility: Why It's So Hard for (Some) Economists to Talk about Racism
Authors: Pastor Manuel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Grieve Chelwa, Darrick Hamilton, and Avi Green offer a vision of stratification economics in which social identities interact with multiple forms of domination to reproduce inequality over time. Afar cry from the individualism inherent in traditional economic theory, Chelwa, Hamilton, and Green illustrate how the market-choice moorings of neoliberalism - intentionally or not-have weakened efforts to challenge structural racism and argue that a strategy of “inclusive economic rights” offers a way both to understand difference and embrace commonality. Since, as Marx noted, “the task is not just to understand the world but to change it,” I stress how social movements can build the power to make such rights real and forge the intersectional bridges to make mutuality our new economic anchor.1
Governance Archaeology: Research as Ancestry
Authors: Carugati Federica , Schneider Nathan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This essay presents the idea of governance archaeology, an approach to learning from the past to inform the politics of the future. By reporting on a prototype historical database, we outline a strategy for co-producing a global commons of collective governance practices that can inspire institutional learning and experimentation, particularly in the face of rapid technological change and vexing global crises. Embedded in our approach is an orientation of ancestry whereby practitioners cultivate relationships of accountability and responsibility to the legacies they learn from, recognizing the harm from past patterns of exploitation. By taking seriously a wide range of historical governance practices, particularly those outside the Western canon, governance archaeology seeks to expand the options available for the design of more moral political economies.
The Extract of Acanthopanacis Cortex Relieves the Depression-Like Behavior and Modulates IL-17 Signaling in Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Depressive Mice
Authors: Liu Chuhan , Yan Lu , Qian Yiyun , Song Pingping , Wang Tao , Wei Min 
Published: February 2023

Background Acanthopanacis Cortex (AC) is a valuable Chinese medicine, which exerts beneficial effects on anti-fatigue, anti-stress, and inflammatory modulation in the periphery. However, the central nervous system (CNS) function of AC has not been clearly illustrated. As communication between the peripheral immune system and the CNS converges, it promotes a heightened neuroinflammatory environment that contributes to depression. We investigated the effect of AC against depression through neuroinflammatory modulation. Methods Network pharmacology was used to screen for target compounds and pathways. Mice with CMS-induced depression were used to evaluate the efficacy of AC against depression. Behavioral studies and detection of neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were performed. The IL-17 signaling cascade was involved to further investigate the underlying mechanism of AC against depression. Results Twenty-five components were screened by network pharmacology and the IL-17 mediated signaling pathway was associated with the antidepressant action of AC. This herb had a beneficial effect on CMS-induced depressive mice, including improvements in depressive behavior, modulation of neurotransmitter levels, neurotrophic factors, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions Our results revealed that AC exhibits effects on anti-depression and one of the mechanisms was mediated by neuroinflammatory modulation.
New Concepts in Barrier Dysfunction in CRSwNP and Emerging Roles of Tezepelumab and Dupilumab
Authors: Chiang Simon , Lee Stella E. 
Published: February 2023

Background Epithelial barrier disturbances in CRSwNP patients play an important role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses, contributing to chronic inflammation, olfactory dysfunction, and impairments in quality of life. Objective To evaluate the role of the sinonasal epithelium in disease and health, review the pathophysiology of epithelial barrier dysfunction in CRSwNP, and the immunologic targets for treatment. Methods Literature review. Results Blockade of cytokines such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-4, and IL-13 have shown promise in barrier restoration and IL-13, specifically may be central to olfactory dysfunction. Conclusion The sinonasal epithelium plays a crucial role in the health and function of the mucosa and immune response. Increased understanding of the local immunologic dysfunction has led to several therapeutics that can potentially restore epithelial barrier function and olfaction. Real world and comparative effectiveness studies are needed.