bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune responses in carp strains with different susceptibility to carp edema virus disease
Authors: Baloch Ali Asghar , Steinhagen Dieter , Gela David , Kocour Martin , Piačková Veronika , Adamek Mikolaj 
Published: July 2023

Carp edema virus disease (CEVD), also known as koi sleepy disease (KSD), represents a serious threat to the carp industry. The expression of immune-related genes to CEV infections could lead to the selection of crucial biomarkers of the development of the disease. The expression of a total of eleven immune-related genes encoding cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-α2), antiviral response (Mx2), cellular receptors (CD4, CD8b1, and GzmA), immunoglobulin (IgM), and genes encoding-mucins was monitored in gills of four differently KSD-susceptible strains of carp (Amur wild carp, Amur Sasan, AS; Ropsha scaly carp, Rop; Prerov scaly carp, PS; and koi) on days 6 and 11 post-infection. Carp strains were infected through two cohabitation infection trials with CEV genogroups I or IIa. The results showed that during the infection with both CEV genogroups, KSD-susceptible koi induced an innate immune response with significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-α2 genes on both 6 and 11 days post-infection (dpi) compared to the fish sampled on day 0. Compared to koi, AS and Rop strains showed up-regulation of IL-6a and TNF-α2 but no other cytokine genes. During the infection with CEV genogroup IIa, Mx2 was significantly up-regulated in all strains and peaked on 6 dpi in AS, PS, and Rop. In koi, it remained high until 11 dpi. With genogroup I infection, Mx2 was up-expressed in koi on 6 dpi and in PS on both 6 and 11 dpi. No significant differences were noticed in selected mucin genes expression measured in gills of any carp strains exposed to both CEV genogroups. During both CEV genogroups infections, the expression levels of most of the genes for T cell response, including CD4, CD8b1, and GzmA were down-regulated in AS and koi at all time points compared to day 0 control. The expression data for the above experimental trials suggest that both CEV genogroups infections in common carp strains lead to activation of the same expression pattern regardless of the fish’s susceptibility towards the virus. The expression of the same genes in AS and koi responding to CEV genogroup IIa infection in mucosal tissues such as gill, gut, and skin showed the significant up-regulation of all the cytokine genes in gill and gut tissues from koi carp at 5 dpi. Significant down-regulation of CD4 and GzmA levels were only detected in koi gill on 5 dpi but not in other tissues. AS carp displayed significant up-expression of Mx2 gene in all mucosal tissues on 5 dpi, whereas in koi, it was up-regulated in gill and gut only. In both carp strains, gill harbored a higher virus load on 5 dpi compared to the other tissues. The results showed that resistance to CEV could not be linked with the selected immune responses measured. The up-regulation of mRNA expression of most of the selected immune-related genes in koi gill and gut suggests that CEV induces a more systemic mucosal immune response not restricted to the target tissue of gills.
Evaluation of the effects of whitening toothpaste containing nanohydroxyapatite on surface roughness and color change in restorative materials
Authors: Dayı Burak , Öcal Fikri 
Published: July 2023

Background
The effects of whitening toothpastes containing nanohydroxyapatite on the surfaces of restorative materials are not well known. This study evaluated the changes in surface roughness and color of coffee-stained restorative materials after brushing with nanohydroxyapatite and other whitening toothpastes.

Methods
Disc-shaped specimens were formed using microhybrid, nanohybrid, and supra-nano-filled composite (n = 30) and stained with a coffee solution. A brushing simulation was applied with toothpastes containing nanohydroxyapatite (Dentiste Plus White), perlite (Signal White System) and hydrogen peroxide (Colgate Optic White) for 7, 15, and 30 days. Color and surface roughness measurements were taken before and after brushing. Color change (∆E00) was calculated using the CIEDE2000 system.

Results
Supra-nano-filled composite-Dentiste Plus White, supra-nano-filled composite-Colgate Optic White, and nanohybrid composite-Signal White System were the groups with the greatest color change observed on the 7th, 15th, and 30th days, respectively. The smallest color change was seen in the microhybrid composite-Signal White System, microhybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White, and nanohybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White groups on the 7th, 15th, and 30th days, respectively. No significant surface roughness changes were observed in the nanohybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White, supra-nano-filled composite-Colgate Optic White, supra-nano-filled composite-Dentiste Plus White, or supra-nano-filled composite-Signal White System groups.

Conclusions
Whitening toothpaste containing nanohydroxyapatite provided a high degree of color change in the short term and did not create significant surface roughness in nanohybrid or supra-nano-filled composites.
Awareness of LGBTQ+ health disparities: A survey study of complementary integrative health providers
Authors: Burnham Kara D. , Lady Suzanne D. , Martin Cecelia 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
The purpose of this study was to survey awareness of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, plus health disparities among complementary integrative health providers; chiropractors, naturopaths, acupuncturists, and massage therapists and secondly, examine how providers' sexual and gender identity correlated with that awareness.

Methods
An electronic survey was designed, which included demographic questions as well as closed-ended and Likert response items to measure provider awareness of LGBTQ+ patients and the health disparities they experience. Kruskal-Wallis H tests with pairwise comparisons were used to evaluate the differences between defined groups and their awareness of health disparities of LGBTQ+ adults and youth.

Results
The survey showed that most complementary integrative health care providers agreed that LGBTQ+ individuals experience discrimination and health disparities. However, providers are unaware of the specific disparities experienced in this population, including increased risk of substance abuse and mental health issues. Pairwise comparison tests demonstrated that providers that identify as a part of the LGBTQ+ community are often more aware of disparities than their heterosexual cisgender counterparts.

Conclusion
Complementary integrative health care providers demonstrated some general awareness of LGBTQ+ health disparities yet most providers lacked awareness of specific disparities that pose major health risks for this community. Cultural competency training specific to LGBTQ+ individuals is lacking and may explain some of the findings in this study. This suggests that education is needed, both in professional educational programs and in the health care community by way of conferences, webinars, and other opportunities.
Discussion Addendum for: Preparation of 1,1‐Difluoroallenes by Difluorovinylidenation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Fuchibe* Kohei , Ichikawa* Junji 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

This chapter describes the procedure for preparation of 1,1‐difluoroallenes by difluorovinylidenation of carbonyl compounds. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. 1,1‐difluoroallenes have two fluorine substituents, which are located on the cumulated diene substructure to decisively affect their reactivities. In addition to the reactions compiled in the previous review, synthetic reactions of 1,1‐difluoroallenes have been continuously investigated since the authors' publication in
Org. Synth
. that described difluoroallene production by difluorovinylidenation of aldehydes and ketones. As a result, the fluorine substituents allow bond‐forming reactions of 1,1‐difluoroallenes to proceed in α‐, β‐, or γ‐selective fashions.
Synthesis of Phenanthridinones via the Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of Benzyne
Authors: Witkowski Dominick C. , McDermott Luca , Garg* Neil K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the procedure for synthesis of phenanthridinones via the palladium‐catalyzed annulation of benzyne. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. Beyond the synthesis of phenanthridinones, palladium‐catalyzed aryne annulations have proven to be quite general, enabling access to diverse product scaffolds from appropriately substituted precursors bearing an aryl halide and a pendent nucleophile or electrophile.
Synthesis of Triphenylene via the Palladium–Catalyzed Annulation of Benzyne
Authors: Spence Katie A. , Mehta Milauni M. , Garg* Neil K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the procedure for synthesis of triphenylene via the palladium–catalyzed annulation of benzyne. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. Triphenylene, a symmetrical aromatic hydrocarbon, began receiving significant attention from the scientific community following the discovery of discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) in 1977. Triphenylene's symmetry and thermal and chemical stability make it an ideal core for DLCs.
Discussion Addendum for: Synthesis of
N
‐Boc‐
N
‐Hydroxymethyl‐L‐Phenylalaninal and Methyl
trans
‐Oxazolidine‐5‐Carboxylate, Chiral Synthons for
threo
‐β‐Amino‐α‐Hydroxy Acids
Authors: Seo Youngran , Yoo Jae Won , Yoo Dongwon , Lee Yoonjae , Kim* Young Gyu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the procedure for synthesis of N‐Boc‐N‐hydroxymethyl‐L‐phenylalaninal and methyl trans‐oxazolidine‐5‐carboxylate, chiral synthons for threo‐β‐amino‐α‐hydroxy acids. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Discussion Addendum for: Preparation of Diisopropylammonium Bis(catecholato)cyclohexylsilicate
Authors: Kelly* Christopher B. , Milligan* John A. , Jouffroy* Matthieu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the procedure for preparation of diisopropylammonium bis(catecholato)cyclohexylsilicate. Radical‐polar crossover (RPC) processes allow synthetic chemists to tap into both homolytic and heterolytic chemistries in the same flask. Successful RPC processes allow the integration of diverse, orthogonally reactive functional groups and complex catalytic cycles. The chapter presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. It also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Preparation of 1,2:5,6‐Di‐
O
‐Cyclohexylidene‐D‐Mannitol and 2,3‐Cyclohexylidene‐D‐Glyceraldehyde
Authors: Dhatrak* N. R. , Jagtap A. B. , Shinde T. N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
1,2:5,6‐Di‐O‐cyclohexylidene‐D‐mannitol is one of the protected forms of D‐mannitol. Both terminal 1,2‐diol functions are protected with a cyclohexylidene group, and the central diol functionality is available for chemical transformations and is generally subjected to oxidative cleavage. This chapter describes the procedure for preparation of 1,2:5,6‐Di‐O‐cyclohexylidene‐D‐mannitol and 2,3‐cyclohexylidene‐D‐glyceraldehyde. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Automated review of patient position in DIBH breast hybrid IMRT with EPID images
Authors: Redekopp Jonathan , Rivest Ryan , Sasaki David , Pistorius Stephen , Alpuche Aviles Jorge E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) is a respiratory‐gating technique adopted in radiation therapy to lower cardiac irradiation. When performing DIBH treatments, it is important to have a monitoring system to ensure the patient's breath hold level is stable and reproducible at each fraction. In this retrospective study, we developed a system capable of monitoring DIBH breast treatments by utilizing cine EPID images taken during treatment. Setup error and intrafraction motion were measured for all fractions of 20 left‐sided breast patients. All patients were treated with a hybrid static‐IMRT technique, with EPID images from the static fields analyzed. Ten patients had open static fields and the other ten patients had static fields partially blocked with the multileaf collimator (MLC). Three image‐processing algorithms were evaluated on their ability to accurately measure the chest wall position (CWP) in EPID images. CWP measurements were recorded along a 61‐pixel region of interest centered along the midline of the image. The median and standard deviation of the CWP were recorded for each image. The algorithm showing the highest agreement with manual measurements was then used to calculate intrafraction motion and setup error. To measure intrafraction motion, the median CWP of the first EPID frame was compared with that of the subsequent EPID images of the treatment. The maximum difference was recorded as the intrafraction motion. The setup error was calculated as the difference in median CWP between the MV DRR and the first EPID image of the lateral tangential field. The results showed that the most accurate image‐processing algorithm can identify the chest wall within 1.2 mm on both EPID and MV DRR images, and measures intrafraction motion and setup errors within 1.4 mm.
Efficacy of immunotherapy and prognosis in anti‐LGI1 encephalitis patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kong Xueying , Gong Xue , Li Aiqing , Liu Yue , Li Xingjie , Li Jinmei , Zhou Dong , Hong Zhen 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for LGI1 antibody encephalitis, and consider the predictors of poor outcomes following immunotherapy.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Embase for articles reporting the immunotherapy data of anti‐LGI1 encephalitis patients. The proportions of patients with poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score > 2) at 3 months, 12 months, and the last follow‐up, as well as the odds ratio [OR] of predictors were pooled.ResultsThe review included 162 articles with 1066 patients. The proportion of patients with poor functional outcomes was 21% at 3 months, 14% at 12 months, and 14% at the last follow‐up after receiving immunotherapy. The proportion of patients with reported relapse was 16.6%. The mean duration from onset to the first relapse was 15.6 months. Predictors significantly associated with poor outcomes were age (increase of 1 year), the presence of cognitive impairment, and CSF LGI1 antibody positive. We did not find a statistically significant association between the worst mRS score in the acute phase, the presence of faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), days from symptom onset to immunotherapy, second‐line treatment, maintenance immunotherapy, or follow‐up time and outcomes.InterpretationAlthough most patients respond to immunotherapy, a minority of patients still have poor outcomes. Advanced age, cognitive impairment, and CSF LGI1 antibody positive are associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes. However, due to the insufficiency of the data, these conclusions need to be interpreted with caution.
Maximum likelihood based multi‐innovation stochastic gradient identification algorithms for bilinear stochastic systems with ARMA noise
Authors: An Shun , He Yan , Wang Longjin 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThis paper considers the parameter estimation problem for bilinear stochastic systems with autoregressive moving average (ARMA) noise using the stochastic gradient method. First, the identification model is derived by eliminating the state variables. Based on the obtained identification model, a multi‐innovation generalized extended stochastic gradient (MI‐GESG) algorithm is proposed using the multi‐innovation identification theory. Furthermore, to enhance the parameter estimation accuracy, a maximum likelihood based MI‐GESG (ML‐MI‐GESG) algorithm is developed by using the maximum likelihood identification principle. Finally, an illustrative simulation example is provided to testify the proposed algorithms. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for identifying bilinear systems.
Adaptive neural network based compensation control of quadrotor for robust trajectory tracking
Authors: Bouaiss Oussama , Mechgoug Raihane , Taleb‐Ahmed Abdelmalik , Brikel Ala Eddine 
Published: July 2023

SummaryNeural network (NN) methods have become increasingly efficient and applicable in control. This article presents a novel nested control strategy based on adaptive radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) and NN supervised control embedded with integrator back stepping (IBS) for a robust position and attitude trajectory tracking of quadrotor aerial robot in presence of modeling uncertainties, sensing noise, and external bounded disturbance. The control philosophy is derived from the decentralized inverse dynamics, where the adaptive RBFNN is adopted for the outer loop to approximate the unknown external disturbance, and adaptively compensate for their effect. In conjunction with a supervised control that stabilizes the attitude in the inner loop by adaptively compensating the unknown and unmodeled uncertainties, avoiding initial instability of the attitude during NN convergence. Furthermore, noise is attenuated by an adaptive extended Kalman filter. Stability analysis was elaborated using Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation of adaptive RBFNN control philosophy proved robustness and effectiveness compared to proportional integral derivative, IBS, and offline decentralized convolution neural network algorithms as it generates the control law by guarantying a fast convergence of parameters, better external disturbance compensation, and noise attenuation. The proposed scheme of robust tracking was validated.
Activating the Inert Na1 Sites in Na2FePO4F Toward High Performance Sodium Storage
Authors: Huang Huiqin , Xia Yufan , Hao Youchen , Li Haosheng , Wang Caiyun , Shi Tingting , Lu Xingyu , Shahzad Muhammad Wakil , Xu Ben Bin , Jiang Yinzhu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNa2FePO4F, an iron‐based fluorophosphate with facile 2D sodium ion channels, is considered as a promising cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries because of low cost, resource abundance, and nontoxicity. However, its application is considerably restricted by the limited intrinsic electronic conductivity and specific capacity. Herein, a doping strategy represented by Cu2+ is proposed to boost the electrochemical performance, attributed to the derivation of a new active Na3 site originated from the inert Na1 site and the band gap reduction due to the d‐orbital hybridization. Consequently, the as‐obtained Na2Fe0.95Cu0.05PO4F/C composite can deliver an excellent rate capacity of 74 mAh g⁻1 at 20 C and a decent specific capacity of 119 mAh g⁻1 at 0.1 C, which is superior to the previously reported Na2FePO4F‐based cathode materials. This study sheds new light on developing high performance fluorophosphates cathode materials via regulating the Na site and electronic structure.
Reinforcing Hydrogel by Nonsolvent‐Quenching‐Facilitated In Situ Nanofibrosis
Authors: Yang Xule , Xu Liju , Wang Chen , Wu Jilin , Zhu Bin , Meng Xiaohui , Qiu Dong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNanofibrous hydrogels are pervasive in load‐bearing soft tissues, which are believed to be key to their extraordinary mechanical properties. Enlighted by this phenomenon, a novel reinforcing strategy for polymeric hydrogels is proposed, where polymer segments in the hydrogels are induced to form nanofibers in situ by bolstering their controllable aggregation at the nanoscale level. Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels are chosen to demonstrate the virtue of this strategy. A nonsolvent‐quenching step is introduced into the conventional solvent‐exchange hydrogel preparation approach, which readily promotes the formation of nanofibrous hydrogels in the following solvent‐tempering process. The resultant nanofibrous hydrogels demonstrate significantly improved mechanical properties and swelling resistance, compared to the conventional solvent‐exchange hydrogels with identical compositions. This work validates the hypothesis that bundling polymer chains to form nanofibers can lead to nanofibrous hydrogels with remarkably enhanced mechanical performances, which may open a new horizon for single‐component hydrogel reinforcement.
A UV‐Resistant Heterogeneous Wettability‐Patterned Surface
Authors: Gao Chunlei , Zhang Lei , Hou Yongping , Zheng Yongmei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPreparing UV‐resistant heterogeneous wettability patterns is critical for the practical application of surfaces with heterogeneous wettability. However, combining UV‐resistant superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic materials on heterogeneous surfaces is challenging. Inspired by the structure of cell membranes, a UV‐resistant heterogeneous wettability‐patterned surface (UPS) is designed via laser ablation of the coating of multilayer structures. UV‐resistant superhydrophobic silica patterns can be created in situ on surfaces covered with superhydrophilic TiO2 nanoparticles. The UV resistance time of the UPS with a TiO2‐based surface is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that obtained with other surface molecular modification methods that require a mask. The cell‐membrane‐like structure of the UPS regulates the migration of internal siloxane chain segments in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of the surface. The UPS enables efficient patterning of functional materials under UV irradiation, controlling the wetting behavior of liquids in open‐air systems. Furthermore, its heterogeneous wettability remains stable even after 50 h of intense UV irradiation (365 nm, 500 mW cm−2). These UV‐resistant heterogeneous wettability patterned surfaces will likely be applied in microfluidics, cell culture, energy conversion, and water collection in the future.