bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overall and age‐specific risk advancement periods of colorectal cancer for men vs women: Implications for gender‐sensitive screening offers?
Authors: Chen Xuechen , Heisser Thomas , Cardoso Rafael , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann 
Published: February 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are higher among men than among women. We aimed to estimate overall and age‐specific risk advancement periods (RAPs) for men compared to women, which quantify how many years earlier comparable levels of risk are reached by men. RAPs were derived by Cox regression models among 331 224 participants aged 40 to 69 at baseline of the UK Biobank with no previous diagnosis of CRC and no previous CRC screening examination who were followed with respect to CRC incidence for up to 13 years. Men were at substantially higher risk of CRC than women in age groups 50 to 59 and 60 to 69, with RAPs (95% confidence intervals) as high as 8.7 (4.5‐13.0) and 6.2 (4.5‐7.9), respectively. These RAPs were higher than those for family history of CRC in these age groups. By contrast, no significant sex difference but a major impact of family history was seen in age group 40 to 49 (P‐value for interaction between sex and age = .00079). The observed patterns suggest that consideration of gender‐specific starting ages of screening might be warranted in countries in which screening offers start at ages above 50 years.
Association of maternal age 35 years and over and prenatal care utilization, preterm birth, and low birth weight, Mexico 2008–2019
Authors: Jacobson Laura E. , Fuentes‐Rivera Evelyn , Schiavon Raffaela , Darney Blair G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate prenatal care utilization, low birth weight, and preterm birth among women aged 35 years and older in Mexico from 2008 to 2019.MethodsWe conducted a historical cohort study of all singleton live births in Mexico from 2008 to 2019. Outcomes were inadequate prenatal care, preterm birth, and low birth weight. We compared outcomes among women aged 35–39, 40–44, and 45–49 years with births to women aged 20–34 years. We used logistic regression to account for individual, health system, and contextual confounders.ResultsWe included a total of 19 526 922 births; 2 325 725 (11.9%) were to women aged 35 years and older. Women aged 45‐49 years had the lowest levels of education, were more likely to be uninsured, and came from highly marginalized municipalities while those aged 35‐39 years had the highest levels of education and insurance and came from the least marginalized municipalities. The odds of inadequate prenatal care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.15), preterm birth (aOR 2.05; 95% CI 1.97–2.13), and low birth weight (aOR 2.03; 95% CI 1.95–2.12) were highest for women aged 45–49 years, compared with women aged 20–34 years. The odds of adverse perinatal outcomes increased progressively with age, but the odds of inadequate prenatal care (aOR 0.77; 95% CI 0.76–0.77) were lowest for women aged 35–39 years, when compared with women aged 20–34 years.ConclusionWomen who deliver at 35 years and over are a heterogeneous group in Mexico. Being 35 years old and older is associated with increases in preterm birth and low birth weight neonates. Women who give birth between 45 and 49 years may be especially vulnerable.
An atoms‐in‐molecules characterization of the nature of the OO bond in peroxides and nitroxide dimers
Authors: McCutcheon Jessica N. , Clabo D. Allen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules (QTAIM) method is used to examine the OO bond in peroxides (RO‐OR) and nitroxide dimers (R2NO‐ONR2), including Fremy's salt. The electron density (ρ), electron kinetic energy density [K(ρ)], and Laplacian of the electron density (∇2ρ) at bond critical points characterize the nature of the OO bond. The data distinguish OO bonding of two kinds. Large values of ρ and positive ∇2ρ and K(ρ) suggest that simple peroxides have charge‐shift bonds. Nitroxide dimers, with smaller ρ, positive ∇2ρ, and near‐zero K(ρ), show a lack of shared electron density, suggesting there is no conventional OO bonding in these molecules. QTAIM analysis at the B3LYP/6–311+G(d,p) level of theory gives results in agreement with valence‐bond theory and X‐ray diffraction characterizations of peroxide OO bonds as charge‐shift bonds. In contrast, CCSD/cc‐pVDZ calculations fail to agree with previous results because of an insufficient, single‐determinant treatment of the charge‐shift bond.
Searching for secrets, searching for self: Childhood adversity, self‐concept clarity, and the motivation to uncover family secrets through direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing
Authors: Morstead Talia , DeLongis Anita 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDirect‐to‐consumer (DTC) genetic tests have become an attractive product for those hoping to gain insight into their health, ancestry, and biological relatedness. In some cases, test results are unexpected, and lead to the revelation of previously undisclosed family secrets. A subset of individuals may pursue testing explicitly for this purpose; however, the psychosocial processes underlying this motivation remain unexamined. Grounded in the literature on family secrecy, trauma, and the development of self‐concept, we tested a hypothesized mediation model to provide insight into this motivation among a sample of 433 individuals in pursuit of DTC genetic testing. In line with the documented association between maladaptive family communication patterns and trauma exposure in childhood, we found that exposure to adverse childhood experiences was associated with the motivation to pursue DTC genetic testing for the purpose of uncovering family secrets. We also found evidence of an indirect effect through reduced self‐concept clarity. These findings suggest that impaired identity formation processes may have played a role in transmitting the effect. Furthermore, the findings highlight a novel way in which family histories may contribute to DTC genetic testing motivations. Future examination of these and other psychosocial phenomena that contribute to DTC genetic testing will be crucial to consider as the tests become increasingly accessible, and as the information they can provide becomes increasingly comprehensive. Findings from this line of research could help to identify for whom and under what conditions DTC genetic testing benefits well‐being, and the conditions under which the act of testing and receipt of results could have adverse psychosocial effects. These insights will be of interest to genetic counselors working in the field of DTC genetic testing, and those working with individuals and families affected by unexpected test results.
The crying boss: Activating “human resources” through sensitivity training in 1970s Sweden
Authors: Tillema Linnea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article examines the introduction of “sensitivity training” to 1970s Swedish work life. Drawing upon a range of empirical materials, I explore the politics that were involved in the process of translating and adapting this group dynamic method to the Swedish context and consider how its proponents argued for its value. By approaching sensitivity training as an attempt to govern, shape, and regulate both human beings and the work organizations of which they were a part, I argue that sensitivity training presents an unexpectedly early example of a governing rationality that has elsewhere been described and theorized as “neoliberal.” The fact that sensitivity training was established in Swedish work life already in the early 1970s thus challenges the historiography of neoliberal modes of government, which have elsewhere been associated with a neoliberal shift in state policies occurring in the 1980s and 1990s. The article demonstrates how emotionally liberating practices in the late 1960s and early 1970s were embraced by some of the most politically influential actors in contemporary Swedish society, such as the corporate sector and the trade unions. As blue‐collar trade unions and social democrats voiced increasingly far‐reaching demands concerning workplace democracy and improved workplace conditions, advocates of sensitivity training presented their method as crucial to the process of “democratizing” and “humanizing” Swedish work life. Intimately associated with the new therapies of humanistic psychology, sensitivity training was used within the corporate sector to foster a more emotional and authentic leadership style that would embrace the values of emotional awareness, self‐expression, and self‐actualization. The crying boss emerged in this context as a key figure in the project of creating a “democratic” and psychologically satisfying organization. Yet, sensitivity training was also described as a means for companies to make better use of what was now asserted as their most important economic asset: the human being. From the outset, the idealistic vision of an emotionally liberated, democratic workplace was thus entangled with a specific kind of economic rationality, in which the emotionally liberated, self‐actualizing individual emerged as a capital or asset that would be better utilized if the organization allowed—even encouraged—employees to engage in their own well‐being and self‐optimization.
Impact of plasmonic substrate of different geometries on the enhancement factor of hyper‐Raman scattering process
Authors: Alsawafta Mohammed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEffective plasmonic heterotrimers of different geometry have been proposed as an active substrate to substantially enhance the scattered signal of hyper‐Raman scattering process. The three‐particle systems are constructed independently from asymmetric nanoparticles of spherical, cylindrical, and spheroidal shapes. The interacting metallic characters in each one of the three trimers are arranged collinearly in a J‐aggregate configuration and illuminated by a longitudinally polarized light. The finite‐difference time‐domain electrodynamic simulation tool is employed to simulate optical cross‐section and nearfield intensity associated with the excited plasmonic bands. The extinction profile of each one of the three trimers exhibits the excitation of two plasmonic modes. The first is a superradiant mode, which resulted from the in‐phase coupling between the dipole moments induced in each one of the three plasmonic elements. The second mode excited at a shorter wavelength, which is a combination between bright and dark modes (Fano interference). The resonance wavelength of the former mode matches the incident one; meanwhile, the resonance energy of the Fano profile is equivalent to the second‐order Stokes condition. From the values of the highly enhanced nearfield associated with the observation of these modes, the enhancement factor of the hyper‐Raman scattering process is calculated. The simulation results highlight the influence of the selected particle's geometry on both the quality of plasmonic coupling and calculated enhancement factor. The maximum value of the enhancement factor can reach as high as 3.83 × 1017 when the heterotrimer is constructed from spheroids. For nanoparticles of spherical shape, the calculated value of the factor is comparable to the maximum limit; meanwhile, the rod shape demonstrates the minimum limit of the enhancement factor.
Influence of vermifiltered wastewater on the morphological, physiological and biochemical developments of Zea mays, Triticum aestivum and Sorghum bicolor seed germination
Authors: Nsiah‐Gyambibi Rapheal , Amponsah Theophilus Yaw , Kofi Ampomah‐Benefo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDReclaimed wastewater is a potential source for irrigation, although its effect on seed germination and plant growth has not been widely investigated. The present study focused on treating wastewater by vermifiltration and investigating the effect on seed germination and seedling development of Zea mays, Triticum aestivum and Sorghum bicolor and their morphological, physiological and biochemical developments. A filter bed was constructed using indigenous and improved materials. The constituents used to develop the filter bed consist of matrix of garden soil, lateritic hardpan gravels and coconut coir inoculated with Eisenia fetida.RESULTSThe wastewater was obtained from a public septic tank toilet facility and contained 35–40% dry matter with high concentrations of total dissolve solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (Ntot) and phosphorus (Pavail). Portable water was used as the control. Vermifiltration of the wastewater was shown to be effective for the removal of 52–65% TDS, 56–62% TSS, 34–40% COD, 48–52% BOD, 56–62% Ntot and 53–58% Pavail. The results showed that the morphological, physiological and biochemical processes in Z. mays, T. aestivum and S. bicolor improved when seeds were subjected to treated wastewater.CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrated that a potential reuse of vermifiltered wastewater as a source of irrigation water with continuous monitoring of the water quality is productive and sustainable. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigating the effects of suicide exposure among a clinical sample of active duty service members
Authors: Schmied Emily A. , Jun Hee‐Jin , Glassman Lisa H. , Pippard Nicole , Walter Kristen H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSuicide exposure warrants further investigation as a risk factor for suicide among military service members. This study aimed to examine associations among suicide exposure, suicidal ideation (SI), and psychological symptoms in a clinical sample of service members (N = 1,565, 64.4% suicide‐exposed) and identify how one's relationship with the deceased impacts suicidality and psychological health in exposed individuals. A secondary analysis of cross‐sectional survey data was conducted. Generalized linear regression analyses were used to identify associations between suicide exposure and both current SI and psychological symptoms among all participants; the associations between suicide exposure characteristics and psychological symptoms were only examined among exposed individuals. Exposure was not significantly associated with higher SI, β = .007, SE = .16, p = .965, but was associated with PTSD, β = 1.60, SE = 0.49, p = .001; anxiety, β = .68, SE = .31, p = .031; and insomnia symptoms, β = .98, SE = .25, p < .001. Among participants who had been exposed, high/long impact of exposure was positively associated with SI, β = 0.94, SE = .26, p < .001, and psychological symptoms, PTSD: β = 2.32, SE = .77, p = .002; anxiety: β = 1.39, SE = .50, p = .005; insomnia: β = .96, SE = .39, p = .015. Results illustrate the significant issue of suicide exposure within the military and show consideration of suicide exposure as a potential risk factor for adverse psychological outcomes is warranted.
Human Leukocyte Antigen Genotyping of Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Rohlfing Matthew L. , Hillel Alexander T. , Wohler Elizabeth , Sobreira Nara , Phillips Elizabeth J , Mallal Simon A. , Gelbard Alexander 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveDespite recent scientific inquiry, idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) remains an enigmatic disease. The consistent demographics of the affected population suggest genetic factors may contribute to disease susceptibility. Given the inflammation observed in the affected proximal airway mucosa, we interrogated disease association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms. Polymorphisms in the HLA locus have previously been shown to influence individuals' susceptibility to distinct inflammatory diseases.MethodsHigh‐resolution HLA typing of 37 iSGS patients was compared with 1,242,890 healthy Caucasian controls of European ancestry from the USA National Marrow Donor Program and 281 patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).ResultsComplete HLA genotyping of an iSGS population showed no significant associations when compared to a North American Caucasian control population. Unlike GPA patients, iSGS was not associated with allele DPB1*04:01 nor did allele homozygosity correlate with disease severity.ConclusionsThere was not a detectable HLA association observed in iSGS. These results support the concept that iSGS possesses a distinct genetic architecture from GPA. If genetic susceptibility exists in iSGS, it likely lies outside the HLA locus.Level of EvidenceNA, basic science Laryngoscope, 133:2533–2539, 2023
Higher ingestion rates and importance of ciliates in the diet of a large, subarctic copepod revealed by larger volume incubations
Authors: Takahashi Kazutaka , Ichinomiya Mutsuo , Okazaki Yuji , Nishibe Yuichiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite ecological importance, the feeding ecology of the large calanoid copepod, Neocalanus cristatus is little known, as its ingestion rate under experimental conditions consistently falls short of its metabolic demand. The conventional incubation bottle size (~ 2 liters) used in previous studies may have affected its feeding behavior. Here, we examined the effect of bottle size (2.4 vs. 13liters) and copepod density on the feeding of N. cristatus Stage C5. Under similar copepod density (0.4 ind. L−1) ingestion rates decreased significantly for tests conducted in small bottles and thus, small bottles inhibited copepod feeding. In experiments with large bottles, ingestion rates were highest in the single‐individual treatments (1 ind. 13 L−1), decreasing exponentially to < 1% of the maximum ingestion rate with increasing copepod densities (up to 20 ind. 13 L−1). Considerable food limitation occurred in the higher copepod density treatments with lower initial prey allocation per individual. Moreover, in the single‐individual treatments, clearance rates on naked ciliates (11–20 L ind.−1 d−1) were remarkably higher than in multiple‐individual treatments. Grazer–grazer interaction, thus, interfered with copepod feeding on microzooplankton in multiple‐individual treatments. The ingestion rate in the single‐individual treatments (62–102 μgC ind.−1 d−1) exceeded the daily metabolic requirement; feeding rates noted in previous studies were, thus, underestimations, affected by bottle size and copepod mutual interference. Efficient feeding by N. cristatus on naked ciliates emphasizes the importance of the ciliate‐copepod link in the grazing food chain in the subarctic Pacific.
A Review of Silicon‐Based Integrated Optical Switches
Authors: Chen Xiaojun , Lin Jiao , Wang Ke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecently, silicon‐integrated optical circuits have attracted intensive interests, thanks to the compatibility with the complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology that enables mass production at low cost. The optical switch is an essential part of optical integrated circuits, with broad applications in optical communications and networks, optical computing, and sensing such as LiDAR. In general, the silicon‐integrated optical switch adopts thermo‐optic or carrier dispersion effect to realize reconfigurable signal routing. However, the use of thermo‐optic effect leads to high power consumption, and the carrier dispersion effect has the disadvantage of small refractive index change. In addition, both effects are non‐latching, and hence, continuous power consumption is required even when switching is not needed. For overcoming these drawbacks, phase‐change materials (PCMs) have been introduced into silicon‐integrated optical switches. In this paper, silicon‐integrated optical switches are classified according to the underlying structure and recent research is reviewed. Recent studies on silicon‐integrated optical switches incorporating PCMs are also reviewed. Furthermore, the pros and cons of different types of integrated optical switches with and without PCMs are compared and discussed.
Formation of Supramolecular Gels from Host–Guest Interactions between PEGylated Chitosan andα‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Vandera Kalliopi‐Kelli A. , Pague Charlotte , Omar Jasmin , González‐Gaitano Gustavo , Ways Twana Mohammed M. , Khutoryanskiy Vitaliy V. , Dreiss Cécile A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChitosan‐based hydrogels are prepared via the formation of polypseudorotaxanes (PPR), by selectively threadingα‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) macrocycles onto polymeric chains, which, through the formation of microcrystalline domains, act as junction points for the network. Specifically, host–guest inclusion complexes are formed betweenα‐CD and PEGylated chitosan (PEG‐Ch), resulting in the formation of supramolecular gels. PEG‐grafted chitosan is obtained with a reaction yield of 79.8%, a high degree of grafting (50.9% GW) and water solubility (≈16 mg mL−1), as assessed by turbidimetry. A range of compositions for mixtures of PEG‐Ch solutions (0.2–0.8% w/w) andα‐CD solutions (2−12% w/w, or 0.04–0.2% mol) are studied. Regardless of PEG content, gels are not formed at lowα‐CD concentrations (<4%). Dynamic rheology measurements reveal stiff gels (G’ above 15k) and a narrow linear viscoelastic region, reflecting their brittleness. The highest elastic modulus is obtained for a hydrogel composition of 0.4% PEG‐Ch and 6%α‐CD. Steady‐state measurements, cycling between low and high shear rates, confirm the thixotropic nature of the gels, demonstrating their capacity to fully recover their mechanical properties after being exposed to high stress, making them good candidates to use as in‐situ gel‐forming materials for drug delivery to topical or parenteral sites.
A Screening Tool to Quickly Identify Movement Disorders in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Authors: Koens Lisette H. , Klamer Marrit R. , Sival Deborah A. , Balint Bettina , Bhatia Kailash P. , Contarino Maria Fiorella , van Egmond Martje E. , Erro Roberto , Friedman Jennifer , Fung Victor S.C. , Ganos Christos , Kurian Manju A. , Lang Anthony E. , McGovern Eavan M. , Roze Emmanuel , de Koning Tom J. , Tijssen Marina A.J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMovement disorders are frequent in patients with inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) but poorly recognized, particularly by nonmovement disorder specialists. We propose an easy‐to‐use clinical screening tool to help recognize movement disorders.ObjectiveThe aim is to develop a user‐friendly rapid screening tool for nonmovement disorder specialists to detect moderate and severe movement disorders in patients aged ≥4 years with IEMs.MethodsVideos of 55 patients with different IEMs were scored by experienced movement disorder specialists (n = 12). Inter‐rater agreements were determined on the presence and subtype of the movement disorder. Based on ranking and consensus, items were chosen to be incorporated into the screening tool.ResultsA movement disorder was rated as present in 80% of the patients, with a moderate inter‐rater agreement (κ =0.420, P < 0.001) on the presence of a movement disorder. When considering only moderate and severe movement disorders, the inter‐rater agreement increased to almost perfect (κ = 0.900, P < 0.001). Dystonia was most frequently scored (27.3%) as the dominant phenotype. Treatment was mainly suggested for patients with moderate or severe movement disorders. Walking, observations of the arms, and drawing a spiral were found to be the most informative tasks and were included in the screening tool.ConclusionsWe designed a screening tool to recognize movement disorders in patients with IEMs. We propose that this screening tool can contribute to select patients who should be referred to a movement disorder specialist for further evaluation and, if necessary, treatment of the movement disorder. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.