bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arapid and sensitive triplex-recombinase polymerase amplification for simultaneous differentiation of Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, and Brucella suis in sera and foods
Authors: Chang Jiang , Hou Xusen , Yang Xin , Zhang Shi-Jun , Zou De-Ying , Li Feng , Zhang Ying , Li Yan-Song , Lu Shi-Ying , Hu Pan , Liu Zeng-Shan , Ren Hong-Lin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Brucella is the causative agent of brucellosis and can be transmitted to humans through aerosolized particles or contaminated food. Brucella abortus (B. abortus), Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis), and Brucella suis (B. suis) are the most virulent of the brucellae, but the traditional detection methods to distinguish them are time-consuming and require high instrumentation. To obtain epidemiological information on Brucella during livestock slaughter and food contamination, we developed a rapid and sensitive triplex recombinant polymerase amplification (triplex-RPA) assay that can simultaneously detect and differentiate between B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis. Three pairs of primers (B1O7F/B1O7R, B192F/B192R, and B285F/B285R) were designed and screened for the establishment of the triplex-RPA assay. After optimization, the assay can be completed within 20 min at 39°C with good specificity and no cross-reactivity with five common pathogens. The triplex-RPA assay has a DNA sensitivity of 1–10 pg and a minimum detection limit of 2.14 × 104–2.14 × 105 CFU g−1 in B. suis spiked samples. It is a potential tool for the detection of Brucella and can effectively differentiate between B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis S2, making it a useful tool for epidemiological investigations.
The effect of temperature on the nonlinear elasticity of a fault rock in dynamic acoustoelastic testing (DAET) experiments
Authors: Simpson Jonathan , Malcolm Alison E , van Wijk Kasper 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARY
Dynamic nonlinear elasticity in rocks may play an important role in earth processes, such as earthquake nucleation. In order to understand how nonlinear elasticity occurs within the shallow crust, experiments are required that simulate the in situ conditions of intact crustal rocks. Additionally, exploring the behaviour of nonlinear elasticity in response to changes in external parameters (e.g. temperature and wave frequency) acts as a means to further illuminate the complex mechanisms which give rise to nonlinear elasticity in rocks. In this study, we perform dynamic acoustoelastic testing (DAET) experiments on an intact cataclasite from the damage zone of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand. By performing pump-probe DAET experiments inside a temperature-controlled chamber, we are able to investigate a rich variety of nonlinear behaviour as a function of temperature. We find that the magnitude of average softening, cubic nonlinearity, and hysteresis tend to increase as temperature increases from 20 to 110 °C. In contrast, quadratic nonlinearity decreases with increasing temperature. These observations support the hypothesis that at least two distinct mechanisms control nonlinear phenomena in rocks. Nonlinear parameters show little to no dependence on frequency over the 200–600 Hz pump range, although values of the nonlinear parameter α are found to be nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than those determined using ultrasonic perturbations. Additionally, an analysis using different time windows shows that the surface waves of the ultrasonic probe sense greater nonlinearity compared to the direct P- wave due to differences in the polarization and propagation paths. As well as providing further insight into the mechanisms responsible for nonlinear elasticity in rocks, our experiments show that nonlinear softening will increase as temperature increases in the damage zones of faults. This has potential implications for understanding earthquake nucleation processes.
The role of audience favorability in processing (un)familiar messages: a heuristic-systematic model perspective
Authors: So Jiyeon , Liu Jiaying 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Several mechanisms of processing (un)familiar messages—processing fluency, message fatigue, interest, and counterarguing—are documented but studied independently, preventing a holistic understanding of how we process (un)familiar messages. This research integrates these mechanisms under a coherent theoretical framework based on heuristic-systematic model and identifies which one becomes dominant as a joint function of message familiarity and audience favorability. Across two studies concerning social distancing (Study 1; N = 412) and smoking (Study 2; N = 300), message fatigue and counterarguing were heightened in unfavorable audiences processing familiar and unfamiliar messages, respectively. Interest was dominant among favorable audiences processing unfamiliar messages in Study 2. Processing fluency was not heightened under any conditions. In models testing mediational capacities of the four mechanisms simultaneously, message fatigue and interest were significant mediators of the effects of audience favorability and message familiarity on persuasion, respectively. This research underscores the importance of considering audience favorability when studying the effects of message familiarity.
Beyond A Vision for The Future: Tangible Steps To Engage Diverse Participants in Inclusive Field Experiences
Authors: Verble Robin M , Richards-Zawacki Corinne L , Young Vanessa K H 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
Recent strides toward improving diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in field biology present a unique opportunity for transdisciplinary exploration of the impacts and state of a topic that has remained hereto largely underexplored and under-discussed in the academic setting. Within current literature, themes of racial and gender inequity, power imbalances, unsafe environments, and underdeveloped infrastructure and resources are widespread. Thus, we organized a symposium that addressed these compelling issues in field biology DEI through a multitude of experiential and academic lenses. This article will orient the reader to the special issue and offer summative goals and outcomes of the symposium that can provide tangible steps toward creating meaningful improvements in the state of DEI and safety in field settings.
Diabetes, metformin use, and survival in esophageal cancer: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Wang Qiao-Li , Santoni Giola , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
It is unclear how diabetes and metformin use is associated with survival of esophageal cancer.

Methods
This population-based cohort study included new cases of esophageal cancer reported in Sweden from 2006 to 2018 with follow-up through 2019. Diabetes status and metformin use were analyzed in relation to all-cause and disease-specific mortality using multivariable Cox regression. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for age, sex, calendar year, obesity, comorbidity, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or statins. For comparison reasons, 3 other antidiabetic medications were also analyzed (ie, sulfonylureas, insulin, and thiazolidinedione).

Results
Among 4851 esophageal cancer patients (8404 person-years), 4072 (84%) died during follow-up. Compared with esophageal cancer patients with diabetes but not using metformin, decreased all-cause mortality was indicated among nondiabetic patients (without metformin) (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.96) and diabetic patients who used metformin (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75 to 1.00). The hazard ratios of all-cause mortality decreased with a higher daily dose of metformin (Ptrend = .04). The corresponding hazard ratios for disease-specific mortality were similar but slightly attenuated. The results were also similar in separate analyses of esophageal cancer patients with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, with tumor stage I-II or III-IV, and in those who had or had not undergone surgery. No associations with mortality outcomes were found for use of sulfonylureas, insulin, or thiazolidinedione.

Conclusions
Diabetes was associated with an increased all-cause mortality, whereas metformin use was associated with decreased all-cause mortality among esophageal cancer patients. More research is needed to determine if metformin affects survival in esophageal cancer.
How structural changes are driving R&D activity in India’s pharmaceutical sector
Authors: Sohrabji Niloufer , Marquette Kristen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Rising Research and Development (R&D) activity has led to dramatic growth in India’s pharmaceutical market in the last decade. This increase in R&D was occurring at a time of significant changes in the sector, notably in the intellectual property rights (IPR) system and the sector’s increased focus on biopharmaceuticals. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of these structural changes along with the traditional drivers of R&D activity to better understand the transformation in India’s pharmaceutical sector during this period and shed light on its future trajectory.

Method
We extend the traditional model to estimate the determinants of R&D by incorporating the changes in India’s pharmaceutical sector during this period. With pooled data for the top 16 pharmaceutical firms during the last decade, this model is estimated using feasible generalised least squares.

Key findings
Our results show that R&D is affected by firm size, global reach, and profitability. Experience, particularly successful patent experience, is important. However, at some point, R&D activity resulting from longevity succumbs to diminishing returns. Also, the IPR environment and firm investment in biopharmaceutical treatment are important drivers of R&D.

Conclusion
Promoting R&D activity is vital to keep India’s pharmaceutical sector on its growth trajectory. Policies supporting the sector’s shift from imitation to innovation and promotion of biopharmaceutical treatment will ensure its continued success.
Induction of silicon defences in wheat landraces is local, not systemic, and driven by mobilization of soluble silicon to damaged leaves
Authors: Thorne Sarah J , Maathuis Frans J M , Hartley Susan E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In response to herbivory, many grasses, including crops such as wheat, accumulate significant levels of silicon (Si) as an antiherbivore defence. Damage-induced increases in Si can be localized in damaged leaves or be more systemic, but the mechanisms leading to these differences in Si distribution remain untested. Ten genetically diverse wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum) were used to assess genotypic variation in Si induction in response to mechanical damage and how this was affected by exogenous Si supply. Total and soluble Si levels were measured in damaged and undamaged leaves as well as in the phloem to test how Si was allocated to different parts of the plant after damage. Localized, but not systemic, induction of Si defences occurred, and was more pronounced when plants had supplemental Si. Damaged plants had significant increases in Si concentration in their damaged leaves, while the Si concentration in undamaged leaves decreased, such that there was no difference in the average Si concentration of damaged and undamaged plants. The increased Si in damaged leaves was due to the redirection of soluble Si, present in the phloem, from undamaged to damaged plant parts, potentially a more cost-effective defence mechanism for plants than increased Si uptake.
#4343 COMPARISONS OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES BETWEEN HYPERTENSIVE AND NORMOTENSIVE LIVING KIDNEY DONORS: A NATIONWIDE PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Kim Jong Ho , Lee Yu Ho , Yoon Soo-Young , Kim Dae Kyu , Lim So Jin , Kim Jin Sug , Jeong Kyunghwan , Lee Sang Ho , Chung Ku Yong , Jeong Jong Cheol , Choi Soo Jin Na , Yang Jaeseok , Kim Myoung Soo , Hwang Hyeon Seok ,   Korean Organ Transplantation Registry Study Group
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Living kidney donors with hypertension is potential candidates to solve the imbalance between supply and demand for renal transplantation. However, the safety of hypertensive donor is not sufficiently ensured after donor nephrectomy and there are limited studies, which compare the clinical outcomes between hypertensive and normotensive donors.

Method
All data from this study were obtained from the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry (KOTRY). A total 672 hypertensive donors and 5,134 normotensive living kidney donors were included from May 2014 to December 2020. Primary outcome was the occurrence of proteinuria and the development of lower renal function, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 or 45 ml/min/1.73 m2.

Results
Compared to normotensive donors, hypertensive donors had lower eGFR before nephrectomy and remained lower after kidney transplantation. However, the risk of eGFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (adjusted HR, 0.87; 95% CI 0.70-1.09; P = 0.226) or below 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 (adjusted HR, 1.49; 95% CI 0.77-2.86; P = 0.234) was not significantly increased in hypertensive donors after multiple adjustment. When comparing the rate of eGFR decline between the hypertensive and normotensive donors, there was no significant difference (adjusted unstandardized β, −0.19; −1.15 – 0.76, P = 0.691). The incidence of proteinuria occurrence in hypertensive donor was increased, and it tended to increase even after 4-5 years. Hypertensive donors were found to have significantly more proteinuria than normotensive donors (adjusted HR, 1.83; 95% CI 1.13-2.96; P = 0.014).

Conclusion
Our study indicated that the risk of proteinuria after donation was increased in hypertensive donor, while it was not translated into significant decline in renal function. The continuous and careful monitoring for proteinuria should be required in hypertensive donor after nephrectomy.
Promoting optimal mental health outcomes for children and youth
Authors: Arruda Wilma , Bélanger Stacey A , Cohen Janice S , Hrycko Sophia , Kawamura Anne , Lane Margo , Patriquin Maria J , Korczak Daphne J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
While paediatric care providers are often the first point of contact for children or youth experiencing mental health challenges, they may lack the resources (e.g., access to a multidisciplinary team) or training to adequately identify or manage such problems. This joint statement describes the key roles and competencies required to assess and address child and youth mental health problems, and the factors that optimize outcomes in this age group. Evidence-informed guidance on screening for and discussing mental health concerns with young people and families is provided. Preventive and therapeutic interventions with demonstrated efficacy in community care settings are discussed. This foundational statement also focuses on the changes to medical education, health systems, and health policy that are needed to improve clinical practice and advocacy efforts in Canada, including appropriate remuneration models, stepped-care approaches, targeted government funding, and professional training and education.
Ti-Bearing Minerals: from the Ocean Floor to Subduction and Back
Authors: Pereira Inês , Bruand Emilie , Nicollet Christian , Koga Kenneth T , Vitale Brovarone Alberto 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Rutile, titanite, and ilmenite are the most common Ti-bearing minerals in metamorphic rocks. Experimental constraints have shown that titanite is stable at low-grade metamorphic conditions, rutile at high pressure (HP), and ilmenite at high temperature, low pressure (HT-LP) conditions. Yet, petrological evidence suggests that titanite can also be stable at low temperature, HP (LT-HP). This implies that both titanite and rutile can be used to develop proxies to track HP metamorphism, which can have interesting applications. In this study, we have investigated the natural occurrence and chemistry of Ti-bearing minerals in gabbroic rocks and basalts that record different degrees of metamorphism, including LP amphibole-bearing gabbros from the ocean floor (Mid-Atlantic and Indian ridge IODP LEGs) and from an obducted ophiolite (Chenaillet) and HP Alpine metagabbros and metabasalts, including blueschist and eclogite facies rocks from the Western Alps and Corsica. We have performed detailed petrography, Raman spectroscopy and analyzed major and trace elements mineral chemistry using EPMA and LA-ICPMS. We found that rutile is stable at low pressure (&lt; 2 kbar) in ocean-floor amphibole-bearing gabbros, lower than experimental constraints had previously suggested. Rutile is also found in eclogitic metagabbros from the Western Alps and can be chemically distinguished from LP rutile. Blueschist metagabbros from the Western Alps and eclogitic metabasalts from Corsica have titanite stable instead of rutile. While the titanite to rutile transition is pressure- and temperature-dependent, we demonstrate how small variations in bulk-rock Ti/Ca and Ca/Al values within the NCKFMASHTO chemical system may shift their stabilities. High-pressure titanite from these metamafic rocks exhibits La depletion and low La/SmN values in comparison to titanite from amphibolite-facies mafic rocks. La/SmN or Nb together with Yb and V can be used to distinguish HP titanite from titanite formed under other P–T settings. These new systematics can be useful in studies using detrital Ti-bearing minerals to probe the HP metamorphic record through time.
The role of symptoms severity, heart rate, and central sensitization for predicting sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Lima Daniel , Pacheco-Barrios Kevin , Slawka Eric , Camargo Lucas , Castelo-Branco Luis , Cardenas-Rojas Alejandra , Neto Moacir Silva , Fregni Felipe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Clinical predictors of sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) are still unknown. By identifying these factors, we could raise new mechanistic hypotheses and guide management approaches. We aimed to describe the sleep quality of FMS patients and to explore the clinical and quantitative sensory testing (QST) predictors of poor sleep quality and its subcomponents.

Methods
This study is a cross-sectional analysis of an ongoing clinical trial. We performed linear regression models between sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) and demographic, clinical, and QST variables, controlling for age and gender. Predictors for the total PSQI score and its seven subcomponents were found using a sequential modeling approach.

Results
We included 65 patients. The PSQI score was 12.78 ± 4.39, with 95.39% classified as poor sleepers. Sleep disturbance, use of sleep medications, and subjective sleep quality were the worst subdomains. We found poor PSQI scores were highly associated with symptom severity (FIQR score and PROMIS fatigue), pain severity, and higher depression levels, explaining up to 31% of the variance. Fatigue and depression scores also predicted the subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction subcomponents. Heart rate changes (surrogate of physical conditioning) predicted the sleep disturbance subcomponent. QST variables were not associated with sleep quality or its subcomponents.

Conclusions
Symptom severity, fatigue, pain, and depression (but no central sensitization) are the main predictors of poor sleep quality. Heart rate changes independently predicted the sleep disturbance subdomain (the most affected one in our sample), suggesting an essential role of physical conditioning in modulating sleep quality in FMS patients. This underscores the need for multidimensional treatments targeting depression and physical activity to improve the sleep quality of FMS patients.
What We Teach About Race and Gender: Representation in Images and Text of Children’s Books
Authors: Adukia Anjali , Eble Alex , Harrison Emileigh , Runesha Hakizumwami Birali , Szasz Teodora 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Books shape how children learn about society and norms, in part through representation of different characters. We use computational tools to characterize representation in children’s books widely read in homes, classrooms, and libraries over the past century and describe economic forces that may contribute to these patterns. We introduce new artificial intelligence methods for systematically converting images into data. We apply these tools, alongside text analysis methods, to measure skin color, race, gender, and age in the content of these books, documenting what has changed and what has endured over time. We find underrepresentation of Black and Latinx people in the most influential books, relative to their population shares, though representation of Black individuals increases over time. Females are also increasingly present but appear less often in text than in images, suggesting greater symbolic inclusion in pictures than substantive inclusion in stories. Characters in these influential books have lighter average skin color than in other books, even after conditioning on race, and children are depicted with lighter skin color than adults on average. We present empirical analysis of related economic behavior to better understand the representation we find in these books. On the demand side, we show that people consume books that center their own identities and that the types of children’s books purchased correlate with local political beliefs. On the supply side, we document higher prices for books that center nondominant social identities and fewer copies of these books in libraries that serve predominantly White communities.