bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of initial prostate cancer biopsies utilizing 3D open‐top light‐sheet microscopy for detection of early disease
Authors: Mo George , Reder Nicholas P. , Schweizer Michael T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundOpen‐top light‐sheet (OTLS) microscopy is a technique that allows for high‐resolution 3D imaging of tissue specimens and can therefore provide a more detailed assessment of tissue architecture. Given that Gleason grading is based on tissue architecture, we hypothesized that OTLS microscopy would enable us to survey a larger amount of tissue and detect occult prostate cancers in men who had prostate core biopsy specimens initially classified as being benign‐appearing who later developed clinically significant prostate cancers.MethodsBenign appearing tissue (based on routine pathologic evaluation) from 20 patients who subsequently developed a clinically significant prostate cancer (experimental group) was evaluated with OTLS microscopy and compared to tissue from 20 patients who underwent prostate biopsy and never developed a clinically significant prostate cancer (control group). We compared the incidence of detectable prostate cancer between groups.ResultsBaseline clinical characteristics were similar between the experimental and control groups. Three patients (15%) in the control group and one (5%) in the experimental group had suspicious findings on low‐resolution OTLS microscopy. Higher resolution OTLS imaging revealed two patients (10%) in the control group had an occult prostate cancer, while no occult cancers were found in the experimental group.ConclusionIn spite of a high pretest probability for the presence of an occult prostate cancer, we did not identify cancer in our experimental group. This may be due to under‐sampling at the time of prostate needle biopsy.
A Computational Study on the Radical Cascade Cyclization Mechanism of Synthesis of Benzo[b]oxepinones and Chromanes
Authors: Fıstıkçı Meryem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA computational study on the reaction mechanism of the effective synthesis of sulfonated benzo[b]oxepinones and chromanes by radical cascade cyclization is carried out employing the density functional theory (DFT). Based on our computations, the rate‐determining step is the formation of arylsulfonyl radical for the reaction scheme. Our calculations show that the reaction of 1,8‐ and 1,7‐enynes with arylsulfonyl radical proceeds by forming more thermodynamically stable intermediates. Therefore, 1,8‐enynes prefer 7‐exo‐trig cyclization, while 1,7‐enynes prefer 6‐exo‐trig cyclization. Our computations are consistent with experimental results of the radical cascade cyclization of 1,8‐ and 1,7‐enynes. Moreover, our computations show that if the reaction is carried out in a proton‐free solvent, the elimination product can be obtained from the cascade radical cyclization of the 1,7‐enyne.
Trauma history predicts depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms better than a psychiatric diagnosis: Comparing wartime, routine time, and early COVID‐19 in Israel
Authors: Gelkopf Marc , Berger Rony , Dicker‐Oren Sheila Daniela , Lapid Pickman Liron , Greene Talya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndividuals with a psychiatric diagnosis and those with a history of trauma are at high risk for depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following exposure to new traumatic events. Nevertheless, research is scarce on how having both a psychiatric diagnosis and a trauma history affect reactions to new traumatic events, and how different trauma types may affect individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis. We thus examined whether different stressful contexts (War and COVID‐19) affected individuals with and without a psychiatric diagnosis differentially and whether results might be explained by prior trauma exposure. In the same cohort, we assessed depression and PTSS during wartime (2014), routine time (2016), and during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020) in a sample with (n = 89) and without (n = 104) a self‐reported psychiatric diagnosis. This cohort was recruited during the 2014 Israel‐Gaza War using social media, snowballing and outreach to mental health rehabilitation centres. We used a linear mixed modelling approach on data from the entire sample, as well as on the two study groups separately. We found that trauma history predicted PTSS and depression whereas a history of psychiatric diagnosis did not. Regarding trauma types, we found that individuals in the psychiatric diagnosis group relative to themselves had more symptoms during COVID‐19 compared to war and routine time, while those without diagnosis had more PTSS and depression symptoms during wartime compared to routine time and COVID‐19. In conclusion, a traumatic past may have an important influence on reactions to different types of traumatic events. Distinct traumatic events may affect individuals with or without a psychiatric diagnosis differentially.
Extracellular Vesicle‐Conjugated Functional Matrix Hydrogels Prevent Senescence by Exosomal miR‐3594‐5p‐Targeted HIPK2/p53 Pathway for Disc Regeneration
Authors: Peng Yizhong , Chen Xuanzuo , Liu Sheng , Wu Wei , Shu Hongyang , Tian Shuo , Xiao Yan , Li Kanglu , Wang BaiChuan , Lin Hui , Qing Xiangcheng , Shao Zengwu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNucleus pulposus stem cells (NPSCs) senescence plays a critical role in the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EV) alleviate cellular senescence. Whereas, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Low stability largely limited the administration of EV in vivo. RGD, an arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid tripeptide, strongly binds integrins expressed on the EV membranes, allowing RGD to anchor EV and prolong their bioavailability. An RGD‐complexed nucleus pulposus matrix hydrogel (RGD‐DNP) is developed to enhance the therapeutic effects of small EV (sEV). RGD‐DNP prolonged sEV retention in vitro and ex vivo. sEV‐RGD‐DNP promoted NPSCs migration, decreased the number of SA‐β‐gal‐positive cells, alleviated cell cycle arrest, and reduced p16, p21, and p53 activation. Small RNA‐seq showed that miR‐3594‐5p is enriched in sEV, and targets the homeodomain‐interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2)/p53 pathway. The HIPK2 knockdown rescues the impaired therapeutic effects of sEV with downregulated miR‐3594‐5p. RGD‐DNP conjugate with lower amounts of sEV achieved similar disc regeneration with free sEV of higher concentrations in DNP. In conclusion, sEV‐RGD‐DNP increases sEV bioavailability and relieves NPSCs senescence by targeting the HIPK2/p53 pathway, thereby alleviating IDD. This work achieves better regenerative effects with fewer sEV and consolidates the theoretical basis for sEV application for IDD treatment.
Design of Size‐Controlled Sulfur Nanoparticle Cathodes for Lithium‐Sulfur Aviation Batteries
Authors: Liu Jianpeng , Cheng Chang , Wang Tianle , Zhu Juncheng , Li Zhong , Ao Guang , Zhu Wenliang , Pezzotti Giuseppe , Zhu Jiliang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery has been considered as a strong contender for commercial aerospace battery, but the commercialization requires Ah‐level pouch cells with both efficient discharge at high rates and ultra‐high energy density. In this paper, the application of lithium–sulfur batteries for powering drones by using the cathode of highly dispersed sulfur nanoparticles with well‐controlled particle sizes have been realized. The sulfur nanoparticles are prepared by a precipitation method in an eco‐friendly and efficient way, and loaded on graphene oxide‐cetyltrimethylammonium bromide by molecular grafting to realize a large‐scale fabrication of sulfur‐based cathodes with superior electrochemical performance. A button cell based on the cathode exhibits an excellent discharge capacity of 62.8 mAh cm−2 at a high sulfur loading of 60 mg cm−2 (i.e., 1046.7 mAh g−1). The assembled miniature pouch cell (PCmini) shows a discharge capacity of 130 mAh g−1, while the formed Ah‐level pouch cell (PCAh) achieves energy density of 307 Wh kg−1 at 0.3C and 92 Wh kg−1 at 4C. Especially, a four‐axis propeller drone powered by the PC has successfully completed a long flight (>3 min) at high altitudes, demonstrating the practical applicability as aviation batteries.
Scale‐Spanning Strong Adhesion Using Cellulose‐Based Microgels
Authors: He Bei , Chen Lizhen , Biehl Philip , Meng Xintong , Chen Wenbo , Xu Dan , Ren Junli , Zhang Kai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdhesive gels derived from biobased sustainable materials have extremely broad application prospects, such as in flexible smart materials and biomedicine fields. Combining high toughness and strong, persisting repeatable adhesion has always been a daunting challenge for adhesive gels. However, bulk gels based on polysaccharides as the most abundant bio‐based compounds usually possess a high toughness but weak interfacial adhesion due to the strong hydration potential. Herein, a novel kind of highly tough microgel membranes with rough surfaces is fabricated using loosely chemically cross‐linked dihydroxypropyl cellulose (cDHPC) microgels (average size = 1.25 ± 0.03 µm). Such microgel membranes exhibit strong, instant, and persisting adhesion to various substrates with different surface roughness. Slight chemical cross‐linking and multiple physical interactions within microgels and resulting microgel membranes lead to high tensile strength and toughness of 0.23 ± 0.03 MPa and 73.8 ± 9.3 KJ m−3, respectively. The maximum adhesive strength and debonding work exceed 320 ± 0.50 KPa and 160.97 ± 0.20 J m−2, respectively. After five cycles (re‐lap after detaching), the adhesive strength still remains above 200 KPa. Their adhesive properties outperform most bio‐based adhesive gels and even petroleum‐based gels, which are based on synergistic molecular and microscaled topological interactions.
Constraint‐aware and multi‐objective optimization for micro‐service composition in mobile edge computing
Authors: Wu Jintao , Zhang Jingyi , Zhang Yiwen , Wen Yiping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a new paradigm of distributed computing, mobile edge computing (MEC) has gained increasing attention due to its ability to expand the capabilities of centralized cloud computing. In MEC environments, a software application typically consists of multiple micro‐services, which can be composed together in a flexible manner to achieve various user requests. However, the composition of micro‐services in MEC is still a challenging research issue arising from three aspects. Firstly, composite micro‐services constructed by ignoring the processing capabilities of different micro‐services may cause waste of edge resources. Secondly, edge servers' limitations in terms of computational power can easily cause service occupancy between composite micro‐services, severely affecting the user experience. Thirdly, in dynamic and unstable mobile environments, different edge users have different sensitivities to request latency, which increases the complexity of micro‐service composition. In order to improve edge resource utilization and user experience on micro‐service invocations, in this paper, we comprehensively consider the above three factors, and we first model the micro‐services composition problem in MEC as a constrained multi‐objective optimization problem. Then, a micro‐service composition optimization method M3C combining graph search and branch‐and‐bound strategy is proposed to find a composition solution set with low energy consumption and high success rate for multiple edge users. Finally, we perform a series of experiments on two widely used datasets. Experimental results show that our proposed approach significantly outperforms the four competing baseline approaches, and that it is sufficiently efficient for practical deployment.
Axis‐Unfixed Biphenylphosphine‐Oxazoline Ligands: Design and Applications in Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Nie Yu , Yuan Qianjia , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe design and synthesis of chiral ligands plays an important role in asymmetric catalytic reactions. Over the past decades, various types of chiral phosphine‐oxazolines (PHOX ligands) have been developed and have greatly advanced the field of asymmetric catalysis. Novel chiral PHOX ligand with an axis‐unfixed biphenyl backbone, developed by our group, have shown interesting coordination behavior and excellent chiral inducing ability in various transition‐metal‐catalyzed asymmetric reactions. This personal account focuses on our developed axis‐unfixed biphenylphosphine‐oxazoline ligand (BiphPHOX), including an overview of its design and applications, which will provide inspiration for the exploration of novel ligands and related reactions.
Pachymic acid ameliorates bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats
Authors: Li Lin , Jin Rong‐jie , Ji Lu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe effect of pachymic acid (PA) on pulmonary fibrosis in rats was expected to be investigated in this study. Firstly, bleomycin (BLM) was used to establish pulmonary fibrosis rat model, then PA (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered to the rats for 14 days. Subsequently, a variety of tests was performed to observe changes in sample tissues after different treatments. Briefly, the degree of pulmonary edema in rats was assessed through dry/wet weight ratio. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining were used to observe the pathological injury and fibrosis of lung tissue. Biochemical kits were applied to measure the levels of hydroxyproline (Hyp), transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGFβ‐1), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in rat lung tissues of each group. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in rat lung tissue was tested using qRT‐PCR. Additionally, the western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of pulmonary fibrosis‐related proteins and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐related proteins in each group of rat lung tissue. By virtue of experimental verification above, PA was discovered to alleviate BLM‐induced pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis and histopathological damage. On the one hand, PA treatment decreased Hyp and TGF‐β1 levels and down‐regulated pulmonary fibrosis‐related protein expression [collagen I, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), and fibronectin] in the lung tissue of BLM rats. On the other hand, it significantly increased the levels of SOD, CAT and ATP while decreased the activities of MDA and ROS in BLM rat lung tissues. In addition, the expression levels of ER stress‐related proteins [glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Caspase 9, and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)] were significantly down‐regulated in the lung tissue of BLM rats after PA treatment. Collectively, PA may ameliorate BLM‐induced pulmonary fibrosis and histopathological damage in rats through inhibiting ER stress and improving mitochondrial function.
The HDAC2/YY1/c‐Myc signaling axis regulates lung cancer cell migration and proliferation
Authors: Ali Arshad , Ali Ayaz , Devi Hema S. , Daddam Jayasimha R. , Sarwar Rabiah , Badrealam Farheen Khan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLung cancer is among the most aggressive types of malignant tumors that contributes to cancer‐associated deaths worldwide with a high occurrence and fatality rate. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), prevent the aberrant transcription of a number of genes that are primarily responsible for controlling the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and signaling pathways in numerous cancers. Previous studies reported the role of HDACs and YY1 in the growth and development of several cancers. Although, it is noteworthy that remarkable efforts have been taken for the treatment of lung cancer using molecularly targeted therapies and chemotherapeutic agents, but the outcome is still poor for this critically persistent cancer. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to identify an efficacious, novel therapeutic biomarkers for the successful diagnosis of lung cancer at the early stage of the disease and the molecular insights involved. In the present study, qPCR and western bot data revealed that the expression level of HDAC2 and YY1 were upregulated in the cell lines and tumor samples of lung cancer patients. Moreover, MTT, qPCR, western blot, cell cycle analysis, and migration assays showed that inhibition of HDAC2 reduced YY1 expression, similarly, depletion of YY1 using knockdown approach inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and blockage of the cell cycle by suppressing c‐Myc in lung cancer cell lines. In conclusion, the current study findings support the notion that HDAC2's anticancer role was attributed through YY1 regulation by targeting c‐Myc and could act as potential novel candidate biomarker for the lung cancer diagnosis.
Enhancing silica dispersion and interfacial interaction in styrene butadiene/silica rubber composites by using epoxidized styrene butadiene rubber as interfacial compatibilizer
Authors: Xiao Tongchang , Wan Lin , Dong Fuwei , Shang Zihao , Cui Ziwen , Wei Liping , Liu Yingjun , Du Aihua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is usually desired but often challenging to improve the wet traction, and reduce the abrasion and rolling resistance simultaneously in tread rubber, which is referred to as “magic triangle” in tire industry. To fulfill this goal, the filler dispersion and interfacial interaction required to be improved, as they are two essential factors to concurrently govern the ultimate properties of rubber composites. Herein, we synthesized the epoxidized solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber (ESSBR) with different epoxy level, and used them as interfacial compatibilizer to promote the silica dispersion and silica/rubber interfacial interaction. The epoxy of ESSBR would react with silanol on silica surface and co‐crosslink with SSBR simultaneously, therefore build a strong bridge between rubber matrix and filler. By incorporation of 20 phr of ESSBR‐15% (15% of double bonds on main chain was epoxidized), the wet grip was improved by 40%, and DIN abrasion and rolling resistance were reduced by 38% and 21%, respectively with hardly sacrifice the mechanical properties. We envisage that this study provides an approach for the fabrication of rubber composites with improved silica dispersion and strengthened interfacial interaction.
High Reynolds number unsteadiness assessment using 3D and 2D computational fluid dynamics simulations of a thick aerofoil equipped with a spoiler
Authors: Potentier Thomas , Guilmineau Emmanuel , Finez Arthur , Le Bourdat Colin , Braud Caroline 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn operating 2‐MW wind turbine has been scanned and analysed using 2D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and blade element momentum (BEM) analysis. The current work illustrates using full‐scale 3D CFD simulations the differences between 2D and 3D simulations and its impact on the local aerofoil vortex shedding frequency. The outcome shows that despite a pressure redistribution and lift change introduced by the blade span and rotation, the vortex shedding frequency remains similar between 2D and 3D thereby validating the novel fatigue calculation method previously proposed.
Timelike entanglement entropy
Authors: Doi Kazuki , Harper Jonathan , Mollabashi Ali , Takayanagi Tadashi , Taki Yusuke 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We define a new complex-valued measure of information called the timelike entanglement entropy (EE) which in the boundary theory can be viewed as a Wick rotation that changes a spacelike boundary subregion to a timelike one. An explicit definition of the timelike EE in 2d field theories is provided followed by numerical computations which agree with the analytic continuation of the replica method for CFTs. We argue that timelike EE should be correctly interpreted as another measure previously considered, the pseudo entropy, which is the von Neumann entropy of a reduced transition matrix. Our results strongly imply that the imaginary part of the pseudo entropy describes an emergent time which generalizes the notion of an emergent space from quantum entanglement. For holographic systems we define the timelike EE as the total complex valued area of a particular stationary combination of both space and timelike extremal surfaces which are homologous to the boundary region. For the examples considered we find explicit matching of our optimization procedure and the careful implementation of the Wick rotation in the boundary CFT. We also make progress on higher dimensional generalizations and relations to holographic pseudo entropy in de Sitter space.
A quantum mechanics for magnetic horizons
Authors: Benini Francesco , Soltani Saman , Zhang Ziruo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We construct an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric gauged quantum mechanics, by starting from the 3d Chern-Simons-matter theory holographically dual to massive Type IIA string theory on AdS4× S6, and Kaluza-Klein reducing on S2 with a background that is dual to the asymptotics of static dyonic BPS black holes in AdS4. The background involves a choice of gauge fluxes, that we fix via a saddle-point analysis of the 3d topologically twisted index at large N. The ground-state degeneracy of the effective quantum mechanics reproduces the entropy of BPS black holes, and we expect its low-lying spectrum to contain information about near-extremal horizons. Interestingly, the model has a large number of statistically-distributed couplings, reminiscent of SYK models.
On genus-0 invariants of Calabi-Yau hybrid models
Authors: Erkinger David , Knapp Johanna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We compute genus zero correlators of hybrid phases of Calabi-Yau gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs), i.e. of phases that are Landau-Ginzburg orbifolds fibered over some base. These correlators are generalisations of Gromov-Witten and FJRW invariants. Using previous results on the structure of the of the sphere- and hemisphere partition functions of GLSMs when evaluated in different phases, we extract the I-function and the J-function from a GLSM calculation. The J-function is the generating function of the correlators. We use the field theoretic description of hybrid models to identify the states that are inserted in these correlators. We compute the invariants for examples of one- and two-parameter hybrid models. Our results match with results from mirror symmetry and FJRW theory.
On (scalar QED) gravitational positivity bounds
Authors: Hamada Yuta , Kuramochi Rinto , Loges Gregory J. , Nakajima Sota 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study positivity bounds in the presence of gravity. We first review the gravitational positivity bound at the tree-level, where it is known that a certain amount of negativity is allowed for the coefficients of higher-derivative operators. The size of these potentially negative contributions is estimated for several tree-level, Reggeized gravitational amplitudes which are unitary at high energies and feature the t-channel pole characteristic of graviton exchange. We also argue for the form of the one-loop Regge amplitude assuming that the branch cut structure associated with the exchange of the graviton and higher-spin particles is reflected. We demonstrate how the one-loop Regge amplitude appears by summing over Feynman diagrams. For our one-loop amplitude proposal, the positivity bounds generically receive a finite contribution from the Regge tower and do not lead to a parametrically small bound on the cut-off scale of the low-energy EFT, consistent with recent studies based on sum rules of the amplitude.