bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injustice and its Effects and Methods of Treatment in the Light of the Koran -Objective study-
Authors: Abdul   Baqi Alaa 
Published: March 2023

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and blessings and peace be upon the most honorable messenger, our master Muhammad and his family and companions.
As for after:
Injustice is one of the greatest sins and crimes, and it is one of the worst acts that threaten society, because injustice is a type of harm that affects innocent people, and helps to demolish societies, rob people’s rights, and harm them, which generates malice, envy, hatred, revenge, and quarrels among people, The leads to the spread of corruption and corruptors, and the destruction of the country and people, For this reason God Almighty and His Messenger - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family - forbade injustice and warned against its consequences.
The nature of the research necessitates stating it in to an introduction, two articles and a conclusion.
The first topic is entitled Defining injustice and its Types, which includes two requirements, the first: the definition of injustice and its consequences, and the second: its types, The second topic entitled the causes of injustice and its impact on the individual and society and the prevention of it, The conclusion is a summary of the most important results.

As for the most important results that have been reached: Injustice is the misplacement of something, and it is intended to be injustice and exceed the limit. Injustice is considered a major sin. God Almighty has forbidden it in many places in the Holy Qur’an. As for the types of injustice, they are: the greater injustice, the injustice of man to the servants, and the injustice of the servant himself. As for the causes of injustice, there are many caues, including: distance from God Almighty, obeying His commands, avoiding His prohibitions, ignorance of religion and ignorance of the consequences of injustice and oppressors, hatred, envy and greed, conflict over money and wealth, revenge, etc., The effects of injustice are the collapse of societies, social instability, and the absence of Justice, the spread of corruption and spoilers. One of the ways to treat and prevent injustice is forbidding injustice, denying it to the oppressors, striving to support the oppressed, avoiding relying on the oppressors, and remembering the bad end of the oppressors.
The Aggravating Circumstance and its Effect on the Provisions of Felonies between Sharia and Law
Authors: Fadel Firas 
Published: March 2023

Islamic Law aims to Prevent felonies that result terrifing People and scareing them , It sees the need to save the necessities of life without , It has considered the attack on the necessary interests as a crime because it is one of the Strongest Sharia . Provisions have been initiated to maintain these necessities .
A felony may be accompanied by facts or circumstances relating to it or the perpetrator that multiply its gravity and reveal the Seriousness of its Perpetrator and entail an aggravation of the Penalty Prescribed for the crime to the extent exceeding the Prescribed Limit , in order to achieve Security and Stability among People , Any person who stop making erimes , infringes on Society in all forms and means or repeats the crime , he must be treated with a severe Punishment that limits his crime .

There are specific causes and circumstances behind increasing any punishment. These circumstances are excluded from the crime. They could precede or accompany it. They could also due to the offenders behavior or beyond it them affect the kind and amonnt of the punishment.
The Significance of the Actions of the Hypocrites Towards The Messenger In The Holy Quran Present Tense As A Model
Authors: Ali Intisar , Ismail Mona 
Published: March 2023

This study is set to be focused on semantics as one of the pillars of linguistics, yet. It is an attempt to uncover the connotations expressed in actions of the hepocrapts against the prophet, Mohammed… ((may allah be pray upon him)). That are mentioned in the holy Quran . the present tense of verbs is chosen as a typical verb ,due to the indications of the tense on reocurrance and renewal aspects, so as to study those verbs to confirm by which how far did the hepocrapts go in their way in terms of hypocrisy over their actions .This research is based on an introduction along with two questions .First: to define semantics, verb and hypocrisy each in terms of language and terminology .The Second to draw analysis on the holy verses under study. Then a conclusion is drawn in terms of the significant results listed in the verses table line and included in the verbs relevant to the subject of the research .This research is taken from a master thesis made on the indications characterized in the actions of the hepocrapts in the holy Quran.
Giveaways and Gifts with Caliph Othman bin Affan, may God be pleased with him
Authors: Abdullah Saad 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

This study talks about the gifts and donations that were distributed by Caliph Othman bin Affan, may God be pleased with him, as he was one of the owners of money and was always donating them to Muslims as individuals in particular and to the state in general The funds that Caliph Othman used to distribute varied between cash and in-kind money. He also sometimes distributed lands, and these donations, especially during the days of his caliphate, contributed to the first half of them in improving the economic conditions of Muslims, especially his relatives, who gave them a lot of money as a matter of kinship, as well as given to the rest of the Muslims in order to bring them closer and earn them alongside the caliphate However, at the same time, these donations were another weapon, When they aroused the resentment of many people against Othman, under the pretext that he was disposing of Muslim money for his relatives. This accusation proved invalid as he used to donate his own money to his relatives .This did not prevent him from giving money to the rest of the Muslims, so he was fair and keen on people money and more generous in the distribution of his own money. As a result of the abundance of money, new and tyrannical customs appeared on the Islamic community, so he fought them and stood against them.
Ibn Abbas's Jurisprudential Views on Illegitimate Relations- A Comparative Study-
Authors: Hamid Jassim 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

The research Dealt with the Opinions of the Great companion Abdullah bin Abbas in unlawful relations, four of which are : the non-acceptance of the husband’s testimony of his wife for adultery, and the punishment for sodomy is killing , not married and married, and it is not proven with the charge, any person who makes a Sextual relation with a married woman should be killed. the punishment of a virgin who commit adultery is one hundred flogging and estrangement for a year.the adulteres who has a wife shoud be punished either with flogging or with stoning . all of the scientists depended on Ibn Abbass saying about illegitimate relations. most of his saying are well and correct.
Foundations and Values of the Scientific and Educational Renaissance in Religious Education
Authors: Jassim Abdullah , Saleh Luay 
Published: March 2023

Studying the values and foundations is considered the perspective of human thought، it sakes interests that arose the origin of mountain formation، because it simulates his aspirations towards perfection and possessing. The concept of values is still expanding little by little، which has earned the fore among those perfection، Because of consideration، the instuctional and educational process had the best luck، it glorifies maddened among humanity as. This process represents the cornerstone for the development of human beings from all aspects، preparing as an integrated human beings which is able to achieve the desired renaissance and push it towards a prosperous future، In terms of importance on which the educational system is based، religiously، morally and cognitively .Throughout this simple study whion is entitled (foundations and values of the Scientific and educational renaissance in religious education)، we decided to shed light on the orbit of those values in general and the scope effect of religious education in particular.
Changing and Correcting Gender and its Effect on Inheritance
Authors: Yassin Hamid 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Changing and correcting gender and its effect on inheritance:
Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers be upon His Messenger and His Majesty Muhammad al-Hadi al-Amin.
After the scientific development that we have reached in all fields, especially in the field of medicine, where man can change his gender from male to female and vice versa, and this change is according to the apparent meaning. If a person changes his gender, does he have all the rights of worship, dealings, marriage, rights and so on? I wanted to look into The issue of (changing and correcting sex and its effect on inheritance) in that it is worthy of the inheritance as it was or what it has turned into, with the distinction between sick and non-pathological cases. All of this I will answer it during this res.
Imam Muqatil Bin Suleiman and his Methodology in his Book Al-Wajuh wa Al-Nadh'ir in the Great Quran
Authors: Ibrahim Abdullah 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Prais be to Allah whose grase is the best goodies. Prayers and peace be upon the master of the messengers Muhammad, his family, and companion as a whole. As for after, the science of faces and isotopes is one of the science of the Quran which is dealing with interpreting the words of its wise verses with the assistance of the causes of the descent and linguistics. The meaning of this science refers to a world which is mentioned in differend places inside the Quran with the same pronunciation and the same analysis, and it has a different meaning in any of these different places. Thus, the science of isotopes is the name of words, and faces: is the name of meanings . the first person who speaks in this scince is the great companion Abdullah Bin Abbas-may Allah be blessed with them-However, the first sorter in this science who is known by scientists is Imam Muqatil Bin Sulaiman Al-Balkhi who died in(150H) in his book entitled(Faces and Isotopes in the Holy Quran). This book includes (176) words, the first word is (the guidance) and the last word is (Above). I have studied four of its models in the current study.
Infallibility of the Prophets
Authors: Abdullah Zahraa 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Praise be to Allah , prayer and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah As for after:
The research included an introduction, three topics and a conclusion. The first topic included the definition of the concept of infallibility Linguistically and idiomotically and its types, with an explanation of each type in a brief way With reference to the transfered evidence (the Qur’an and the Sunnah) as well as mental evidence , As for the second topic included statements in the infallibility and discussion, as well as responding to those who deny it with discussion of any sayings . The third topic is concerned with reporting some of the stories of the prophets and messengers through the Qur’anic texts whose apparent illusion is the proportion of sins of the prophets, discussed and clarified, The research ended with a conclusion that summarized the most important results.
Introducing the Rules of Jurisprudence and Some of its Contemporary Applications
Authors: Mhanna Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

The jurisprudence rule is a majority judgment where the judgment over minor jurisprudence issues is directly identified. The jurisprudent standard is a majority judgment where the judgment over minor jurisprudence issues concerning an aspect of jurisprudence is directly identified. The fundamental rule means the total rules whereby judgments concerning its minor issues are identified. They are known as total issues whereby judgments can be deduced from their evidences from the holy Quran and Sunna in addition to other evidences.
-The difference between the jurisprudence rule, the jurisprudence standard and fundamental rule is also identified.
-Five jurisprudence rules have been identified and their applications are mentioned, as follows; the foundation does collocate with the substitute, judgment on speech is better than negating it, the worst of the loath something is better to beleft give away, injustice is abolished and does not need to be revoked.
Al-Mubhamoon in the Musnad of Imam Ahmad, the Meccans and the Civilians
Authors: Fares Qudamah , Hamadeh Uday 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

After completing each study, the researcher must begin to draw up the results of what he drew from that study, which are as follows:
- The mysterious narrator was revealed by searching for him in another authorized narration, or by the sayings of scholars and other imams of hadith if the methods agreed to identify the ambiguous narrator.
-The ambiguity in the narration is one of the reasons for the weakness of the hadith, because the condition of the rejected narrator is unknown in terms of correctness and accuracy.
- If the mysterious narrator is a companion, his lack of knowledge does not affect the correct one.
- Ancient and modern,scientists were interested in the Musnad and devoted themselves to studying it, teaching it, refining it, and researching its men and their circumstances.
- Most of the vague hadiths are allowed to mention their ambiguous narrators in the Musnad.
-The hadith books are not free from ambiguity, whether the ambiguity is from what is mentioned in the novel or its presence does not affect the authenticity of the hadith.
Forgetting the Prophets and the Righteous in the Noble Qur’an - An Objective Study -
Authors: Mohaj  
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

This research came to shed light on forgetfulness in the lives of the prophets and the righteous.. The prophets are human beings who may forget as a human in matters that are not related to legislation and notification because they are infallible from forgetting then, and it may happen in the life of the righteous as well, which is due to a mistake and negligence.
As for the treatment of human forgetfulness, it is through adherence to the Noble Qur’an, frequent remembrance of Allah Almighty, leaving the gatherings of the oppressors, taking good company that helps a person to remember, and praying to Allah to forgive him what he forgots.
Denying the divinity of Christ and proving the prophethood of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon them, in the context of comparative religions: the debate as a model
Authors: Sedeeq Ahmed , Rashid Kifah 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

The debate is one of the religious and scientific dialogue that Muslim scholars had known since the early centuries. The history of Islam witnessed religious debates between its scholars and the men of the Ahl-AlKitab, that included many main and sub-themes that dealt with various fields of belief, worship and others. The most important of which was their claim to the divinity of Christ)peace be upon him(. In which, they attributed to him, and their denial of the preaching of Christ, peace be upon him, with the message of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and their denial of him. The verses of the Noble Qur’an, so their books were a proof against them, not an argument for them. These scholars explained the falsehood of the Christians’ voice regarding the divinity of Christ, peace be upon him. They discredited the Christian scholars, and they proved what was concluded from the distorted bibles, the informing of Jesus, peace be upon him, of the message and mission of Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and praise be to God, Lord of the World.
The Differentiation Among the Narrators for Abi Zarʾaa by Uusing the Term “more Lovely for me” in Abi Hatemʾs Book Invalidation and Ratification “Critical study”
Authors: Daham Ahmed , Mahmod Sadon 
Published: March 2023

The science of Invalidation and Ratification is one of the important sciences of prophetic tradition through which the situation of Hadith narrators and their ranks though the science of Invalidation and Ratification is known and then the decision about the accepting or rejecting their narration. For this science many imams who memorizing the Holy Qura‘n and checking critics who inspected about the narrators and narrations and selected terms and expressions for the science of invalidation and ratification getting creative in its context. They made great efforts in the service of the prophet patrimony (peace be upon him). One of these imams is Al-Ḥafḍ Abu Zarʾaa Al-Razi God's mercy on him who denominate the narrator with terms of the science of Invalidation and Ratification, Among these terms that we selected for our investigation is the using of the term “more lovely for mi” for the preference among the narrators in the Abi Hatemʾs book “Invalidation and Ratification”. In our investigation we gathered the narrators who was compared by Al-Ḥᾱfḍ Abū Zarʾaa with this phrase. We compared his opinion with opinions of the other Invalidation and Ratification experts so as to see the accordance between them. Also we reached to a conclusion which indicates the situation of every narrator in this summarized investigation after studying the interpretation of each narrator interpretation
A Treatise on the Plurality of the Mujtahid - Study and Verification -
Authors: Rahim Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

One of the first foundations of Verification caring for the heritage of our Islamic nation is serving the books of the first authors, including an explanation or comment, an verification or a study. The traces of scientists with what they left forus of the enormous wealth and great heritage and looking with respect and appreciation to the Verification and clarifications that they presented to us for that great treasure, because one of the greatest things that the researcher does is to link the knowledge of the ancestors backward and to produce for the community the product of their knowledge and books that they have lived in their compilation and collection to remain a witness for their good deeds and to reach easily to those who will come after them; Therefore, Allah Blessed and Almighty wanted the subject of my research to be related to this knowledge and work, so I decide after relying on God to choose this topic (messages on the plurality of the mujtahid) to the imam: scholar Muhammad bin Hamzah (may God have mercy on him).
Fundamental Weights in the most Correct Wording of the and its Jurisprudential Applications According to Judge Zakaria Al-Ansari in his Book The Purpose of Access in Explaining the Core of the Principles (The Issue of Privatization as a Model)
Authors: Ismail Ahmed , Muhammad Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

The assignment of the fundamentalists is one of the important issues, because it allocates the year, it deals with some parts of the year, and this ruling is only by evidence, and its ruling is the permissibility of allocating the year until it is known (Every generating is specified) and there is a separate provision and a related provision, and each has its own ruling and the allocation is divided into several sections Including: assigning the book to the book, allocating the sunnah to the sunnah, and allocating each of the book and the sunnah to each other.
In this research we have dealt with the fundamental preferences in the most correct term because it is the most accurate according to Imam Zakariya al-Ansari (may God Almighty have mercy on him) in the book (The Purpose of Arrival in Explaining the Core of the Fundamentals) We have studied the issue of specialization in this book, and referred to the jurisprudential applications of this issue in order to be more important to the soul. Of the reader, and it becomes clear to him without any ambiguity or doubt, which is the ultimate goal of the current study.

and Our last prayer is that praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah Muhammad and his family and companions as well.
Al-Zakat and its Role in Social Solidarit -The Zakat Fund in The Endowments of Samarra as a Model-
Authors: Bediwi Salam 
Published: March 2023

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and blessings and peace be upon the latest of the Prophets and Messengers, and upon all his family and companions ... and after:
One of the natural characteristics of humankind is that it is diverse in shapes, colors, and accidents, and that is why societies consist of various classes. Some of them are rich, some of them are poor, some of them are satisfied, and some of them are needy. Actions and conducts that make society fit for a decent life, including that it approved the assumption of zakat, made it the third pillar of Islam, and added charities to spread benefit and spread love and intimacy through social solidarity among members of society.

Therefore, we shed light on one of those blessed doors in reality (the Zakat Fund in the Sunni Endowment Directorate in Samarra) to explain its details and how it works to achieve the desired goal by achieving social solidarity among the people of Samarra and its suburbs.
Al-Barr Verse 177 from Surat Al-Baqara - An Analytical Study -
Authors: Ali Saadi 
Published: March 2023

Among the generous verses in which there is abundant goodness and guidance is a great verse of righteousness (177) from Surat Al-Baqara, as it contains a clear statement, complete guidance to the believer and his duties and obedience until he reaches the connection of righteousness in which victory and prosperity, as the verse began with a remembrance of faith in Allah and the Day ; Because they are the basis of all righteousness, and the principle of all that is good, and is not already full of faith to righteousness unless the master of self dominated them with an evidence, and accompanied by submission and acquiescence, and a factor with all the things that hypothesized and guided by Allah the Almighty - of the duties and virtues of that upgrade the believer to the degree of goodness and acceptance .
I have studied and analyzed this blessed verse within the steps of analytical interpretation, relying in its study on the various books of interpretation, and important linguistic dictionaries to reach the most important aspects of the verse concerning in the guidance, meanings, and values and written a research entitled (verse 177 of Surat Al-Baqarah - analytical study).

Our final prayer is: Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may blessings and peace be upon the faithful Prophet and his family and companions.
Conditions of Custody and its Implications in Islamic Jurisprudence
Authors: Rahman Basim 
Published: March 2023

This study aims to show the importance of a suitable environment for the child and taking care of him, and that he must live in the confinement of his parents and their protection, and the effect of custody on Looking after the child and the role of the mother in that, and the negative consequences that result if he loses this nursery. So custody is the upbringing of those who are not independent by doing What works for him and protects him from what harms him, such as undertaking to wash his body, clothes, ointments, and eyeliner, tie him in the cradle, and so on: Among the general conditions of custody that must be available in the incubator, whether he is a man or a woman, is, Islam and maturity, The conditions for women are not to be married to a foreigner, and the conditions for men to have with the incubator, whether the father or other incubator, someone who takes custody of the child. The most important reasons that lead to the loss of custody are the abandonment of the mother from the child, as well as the divorce and apostasy from Islam.