bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the configurations of multiple-impeller on canrenone bioconversion using resting cells of Aspergillus ochraceus
Authors: Huang Juan , Zhu Huixuan , Guan Shimin , Tian Huaixiang , Chen Chen , Zhang Botao , Rong Shaofeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
11 α-Hydroxycanrenone is a key intermediate in the synthesis of eplernone which is a drug that protects the cardiovascular system. It can be obtained by microbial transformation of canrenone using Aspergillus ochraceus. The impeller configuration has a great impact on the microbial transformation efficiency. In this study, three kinds of multiple-impeller including six-blade Rushton turbine (lower) and six-blade Rushton turbine (upper) (RT + RT), six-blade Rushton turbine (lower) and six-arrow blade turbine (upper) (RT + ABT), six-blade Rushton turbine impeller (lower) and six-blade Chemineer CD6 impeller (upper) (RT + CD6) were employed to carry out the microbial conversion process, which was investigated by experiments and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. The CFD simulation was performed only for the hydrodynamic part of the bioreactor in this article. The results showed that RT + CD6 gave better conversion ratio compared to the other two multiple impellers. It had higher axial flow and better air volume fraction distribution which was benefit for the biotransformation process. A certain amount of cell content should be guaranteed in order to obtain a good substrate conversion (45 % approximately). The final conversion ratio of canrenone was proportional to the content of mycelium at the late stage of conversion, while the content of mycelium at the early stage had a subtle effect. Besides, A. ochraceus resting cells could tolerate the maximum and average shear strain rate in the order of 2598 s−1 and 52 s−1, respectively. The research results provided a guide for the selection of impeller for the biotransformation of canrenone in biopharmaceutical industry.
Reconfigurable anomalous reflectors with stretchable elastic substrates at 140 GHz band
Authors: Kato Yuto , Yonemura Kazuma , Seki Kento , Kambara Retsuku , Sanada Atsushi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We propose reconfigurable anomalous reflectors with stretchable elastic substrates. The proposed reflector dynamically controls the reflection direction by mechanically stretching the substrate to induce a physical change of the unit cell period. Owing to the simple and scalable tuning mechanism, the proposed approach is applicable in the millimeter-wave and terahertz bands for a wide reflection steering. To demonstrate the proposed approach, stretchable anomalous reflectors are designed at 140 GHz for normal incident waves. From full-wave simulations, we numerically confirm that highly efficient anomalous reflections with suppressed parasitic reflections in the undesired directions are achieved toward shallower angles as the substrate is stretched. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed reflectors allow a dynamic control of the reflection direction with wide steering ranges of more than 20°. Moreover, we confirm that the measured efficiencies of the anomalous reflections hardly deteriorate when stretching and maintain practically acceptable performances of over 50 %. The proposed stretchable reflectors have a potential to be used for a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that realizes dynamic optimizations of the wireless environment in the 6G communication.
An evaluation of cancer aging research group (CARG) score to predict chemotherapy toxicity in older Iranian patients with cancer
Authors: Ameri Ahmad , Rahnama Nazanin , Talebi Fereshteh , Sourati Ainaz , Taghizadeh-Hesary Farzad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the Cancer Aging Research Group (CARG) in Iranian patients as a representative of the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region population.

Methods
This prospective longitudinal study involved patients 65 years and older starting a new cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen. We did general (including Karnofsky performance status, KPS) and CARG-based assessments before chemotherapy. Chemotherapy toxicities were recorded during chemotherapy courses. The predictive values of CARG and KPS were evaluated using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Chemotherapy toxicities were sub-analyzed per hematologic and nonhematologic types.

Results
Chemotherapy-related toxicity was reported in 23.6 % of patients. The corresponding area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) was 0.56 (95 %CI, 0.40–0.69) for total toxicity, 0.67 (95 % CI, 0.48–0.78) for hematologic toxicity, and 0.39 (95 %CI, 0.21–0.66) for nonhematologic toxicity.

Conclusions
CARG model had an acceptable ability to predict hematologic toxicities; however, its efficacy for total and nonhematologic toxicities was limited.
Exploring Hypotheses on Early Holocene Caspian Seafaring Through Personal Ornaments: A Study of Changing Styles and Symbols in Western Central Asia
Authors: Rigaud Solange , Queffelec Alain , Le Bourdonnec François-Xavier , Alisher kyzy Saltanat , Ambrose Stanley H. , Ledevin Ronan , Kurbanov Redzhep , Buzhilova Alexandra , Berezina Natalia , Ziganshin Rustam H. , Shnaider Svetlana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article studies the discoid Didacna sp. shell beads discovered at Kaylu, a Middle Holocene burial site located in Southern Turkmenistan. Microscopic, morphometric, spectrometric, and SEM analyses were carried out on the material to identify how the beads were manufactured and used. New radiocarbon dating and bioanthropological data to age and sex the two skeletons discovered in the burials are provided. A regional synthesis shows that personal ornaments from the Caspian region were diversified through time and that a stylistic shift between the last foragers and the first farmers occurred. We also observed strong correspondences between the personal ornaments documented in the northern, eastern, and western Caspian Sea during the Neolithic, with no evidence of similar symbolic production in Northern Iran. We propose that a northern route may have allowed the diffusion of common ornamental traditions in the Caspian region to the exclusion of the southern Caspian. Alternatively, discontinuities in material culture diffusion in coastal areas could be evidence of maritime voyaging. Seafaring may have granted the fast and spatially erratic diffusion of specific bead types, people, information, knowledge, and symbols from both sides of the Caspian Sea, by long maritime voyages or by leapfrog diffusion during the Neolithic.
A fundamental approach to determine the impact of aramid and carbon fibers on durability and tribological performance of different polymer composites demonstrated in gear transmission process
Authors: Hriberšek Matija , Kulovec Simon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
When selecting a polymer or a reinforced polymer material for a specific drive technology, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the component’s operating characteristics, including the mechanics of tribological contact and the fatigue life of the materials used in gears. The choice of material plays a pivotal role in the gear running process, as it induces heat generation in the meshing zone and triggers flank wear progression along the high points of the teeth, which directly impacts the gear’s lifetime. This paper presents the results of durability testing conducted on steel/polymer gear pairs. The tested polymer materials were based on polyacetal and polyamide 66 chemical bases, reinforced with aramid, carbon fibers, and internally lubricated with polytetrafluoroethylene. The aim of the study was to evaluate the durability and thermal response of the materials and determine their correlation with flank wear rate progression. The results indicate that gears produced from polyacetal, and carbon-reinforced polyamide 66 materials exhibit the longest durability. Notably, the generated meshing temperatures are closely connected with flank wear propagation. The lowest wear coefficients were observed in gears produced from polyacetal and polyamide 66 materials reinforced with carbon fibers.
Screen time and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Hezuo , Chen Xiaorong , Huang Minhui , Yu Xiaomin , Gan Ye , Wang Ji , Chen Qiujin , Nie Zhipeng , Ge Haijing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The association between screen time and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been controversial. This study sheds light on the contentious correlation between screen time and ADHD.

Content
Until August 2022, electronic searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were carried out. The combined effect value odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated for the meta-analysis using Stata 12.0. There were 81,234 children in the nine studies that made up this meta-analysis which included 28,997 children with ADHD and 52,237 healthy controls. When compared with the screen time <2  h/d, the OR (95 % CI) value of screen time and ADHD in the screen time ≥2 h/d group was 1.51 (1.20–1.90).

Summary and outlook
Based on the current meta-analysis results, our study found a positive correlation between screen time and the risk of ADHD. Excessive screen exposure may significantly contribute to the development of ADHD in children. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce screen time per day in children to prevent the occurrence of ADHD.
Marketing Journal Rankings: Active Scholar Assessment
Authors: Currie Russell , Pandher Gurupdesh , Voyer Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Journal rankings convey important information to researchers and influence processes related to promotion, remuneration, research funding, and resource allocation in academe. The present research uses direct responses from an international sample of 203 active marketing scholars in a web-based survey to endogenously rank 138 marketing journals by quality, awareness, and importance. We employ regression estimation with nested random journal-within-tier effects to comprehensively rank the marketing journals into four ordered tiers (A–D), and then in turn, subdivide journals in each tier, into “upper,” “middle,” and “lower” groups (e.g. Tier A: A+, A and A−). Our methodology, Active Scholar Assessment (ASA), produces an independent ranking of marketing journals that aggregates individual expert opinion regarding journals by researchers from 68 countries. Subsequently, we compare our ASA-developed marketing journal rankings and categories with prominent citation-based ranking systems (Scimago, Clarivate Analytics’ Journal Citation Reports, Association of Business Schools, and the Australian Business Deans Council) to demonstrate that the opinions of active scholars are comparatively more stable and capture additional information (that is not reflected by computations based solely on citations), and provide useful strategic information and direction to scholars.
Gender-based violence as a consequence of functional differentiation
Authors: Davis Corné 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Gender-based violence (GBV) is the most prevalent form of violence that poses multiple threats to global sustainability, estimated at costing the global economy as much as $1.5 trillion annually (United Nations Women 2016). Despite increased research and intervention there has not been a significant reduction in global statistics. The objective of this article is to conceptualise GBV as a consequence of functional differentiation by drawing from Luhmann’s social systems theory and current reports published in news media in South Africa and globally. The key argument is that function systems exclude both victims and perpetrators of GBV through their binary coding, and that systems’ evolution determines the outcome, which is, in this case, the persistence and increase in GBV, more so in South Africa. As Luhmann further argues, world society “lacks the inherent rationality required” to facilitate change and given that human individuals cannot communicate, it is unlikely that successful GBV intervention can be planned or implemented because systems evolution cannot be planned. It is therefore most likely that the “unresolvable indeterminacies” of function systems will sustain GBV in their environments.
Systeme der GewaltParamilitarismus in Kolumbien
Authors: Paetau Michael 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, am Beispiel des seit über 70 Jahre andauernden Gewaltkonflikts in Kolumbien eine Analyse vorzulegen, die den Begriff der „Gewaltsysteme“ ins Zentrum stellt. Obwohl in der kolumbianischen Soziologie seit mehreren Jahrzehnten ein elaborierter Diskurs zur Gewaltfrage im Lande existiert, spielen systemtheoretische Ansätze hierbei bisher kaum eine Rolle. Konstitutiv für den von mir verwendeten Begriff der „Gewaltsysteme“ ist erstens der von von Foerster eingeführte Begriff der „Autologie“, den Luhmann bekanntlich für seinen an der System-/Umwelt-Differenz orientierten Systembegriff aufgreift, und zweitens die von Luhmann in den 1970er Jahren vorgelegte Unterscheidung von Macht und Gewalt. Hiermit geht es um die Frage, wieso Gewalt in einer Gesellschaft eine so große Rolle spielen kann, dass offensichtlich in Teilen der Gesellschaft hierfür zwar keine direkte Zustimmung, aber eine gewisse fatalistische Duldung festzustellen ist.
Effect of Anodizing on Very High Cycle Fatigue Properties of Aluminum Alloy A2014-T6 in Laboratory Air and 3 % NaCl Solution
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Kikuchi Shoichi , Sakai Tatsuo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To examine the effect of oxide layer thickness on fatigue behavior, rotating bending fatigue tests were performed on the aluminum alloy A2014-T6 with oxide layers of 3 different thicknesses in laboratory air and 3 % sodium chloride (NaCl) solution over a wide cycle-life region (104–109 cycles). Tests were also conducted on untreated specimens for comparison. Based on the results of fatigue tests in laboratory air, deterioration of the fatigue strength was observed for anodized specimens having an oxide layer in comparison with untreated specimens. The fatigue strength of anodized specimens decreased with increasing oxide layer thickness. On the other hand, fatigue test results in 3 % NaCl solution showed that anodizing improved fatigue life, which increased with increasing oxide layer thickness. In addition, the thickness of the oxide layer was found to be important from the viewpoint of fracture mechanics.
Subcutaneous BCG vaccination protects against streptococcal pneumonia via regulating innate immune responses in the lung
Authors: Kang Alisha , Ye Gluke , Singh Ramandeep , Afkhami Sam , Bavananthasivam Jegarubee , Luo Xiangqian , Vaseghi‐Shanjani Maryam , Aleithan Fatemah , Zganiacz Anna , Jeyanathan Mangalakumari , Xing Zhou 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) still remains the only licensed vaccine for TB and has been shown to provide nonspecific protection against unrelated pathogens. This has been attributed to the ability of BCG to modulate the innate immune system, known as trained innate immunity (TII). Trained innate immunity is associated with innate immune cells being in a hyperresponsive state leading to enhanced host defense against heterologous infections. Both epidemiological evidence and prospective studies demonstrate cutaneous BCG vaccine‐induced TII provides enhanced innate protection against heterologous pathogens. Regardless of the extensive progress made thus far, the effect of cutaneous BCG vaccination against heterologous respiratory bacterial infections and the underlying mechanisms still remain unknown. Here, we show that s.c. BCG vaccine‐induced TII provides enhanced heterologous innate protection against pulmonary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. We further demonstrate that this enhanced innate protection is mediated by enhanced neutrophilia in the lung and is independent of centrally trained circulating monocytes. New insight from this study will help design novel effective vaccination strategies against unrelated respiratory bacterial pathogens.
“History teaching, national myths, and civil society”
Authors: Benziger Karl 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOne of the critical issues facing Historians today has been the emergence of Strong State regimes and the politicized pseudo history they produce in countries claiming to adhere to democratic norms. The attack on the Capital of the United States was based on a series of lies about voter fraud supported by President Donald Trump and members of Congress. Countering ideology based on a complete disregard for truth is now of paramount importance in the United States. This paper studies Trump's promise to Make America Great Again (MAGA) as a further evolution of Lost Cause mythos that began after the Civil War. The original story casts the enfranchisement of African Americans as a failure touting white supremacy and the righteousness of Jim Crow laws. How can History teachers counter these highly politicized myths? I suggest that the methodology of our profession may provide us with some important tools. John Dewey underscored the importance of critical inquiry to the preservation and advancement of democracy. Teaching students how to think historically goes a long way in the process of producing citizenry who are ready to participate in civil society. To that end I conclude this essay with a course that I teach entitled “Witches, Aliens, and Other Enemies.” The course is designed to set moments of mass hysteria and paranoia in the American narrative against the background of reason and rational legal law utilizing the Salem witch hunt at the end of the seventeenth century and the “red scare” following World War II as case studies to stimulate student exploration.
El Alto das Malhadas: restos de ocupación de la Edad del Bronce en el Douro portugués
Authors: Botica Natália , Larrazabal-Galarza Javier , Luís Luís , Magalhães Fernanda , Rocha Bruna , Sousa Rui , Silva Luís 
Published: May 2023

Las representaciones artísticas de la Edad del Hierro identificadas en el Parque Arqueológico del Vale do Côa (PAVC) carecen de contextos de ocupación asociados, es decir, de los contextos estratigráficos necesarios para un marco cronológico e interpretativo. Ante la ausencia de evidencias de hábitat protohistórico en el entorno inmediato de los grabados, se buscó analizar otros yacimientos de la región en los que hubiera indicios de ocupación de la Edad del Hierro. Así, en el ámbito del proyecto RARAA - Repositorio Abierto de Arte Rupestre, financiado por el FCT COA/OVD/0097/2019, seleccionamos el yacimiento del Alto das Malhadas para realizar una intervención diagnóstica, debido a su relativa proximidad a la desembocadura del río Côa, asociada a la presencia de paneles rocosos con grabados, un guijarro con grabados incisos «protohistóricos» y materiales cerámicos artesanales.
En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de esta intervención arqueológica, en la que el yacimiento del Alto das Malhadas, se ha revelado como uno de los más interesantes del nordeste de Portugal para la caracterización de la transición entre el III y el II milenio a. C. y para la comprensión de las claves de transición del Calcolítico regional a una Edad del Bronce cada vez más vinculada a la dinámica de asentamiento desarrollada en la Meseta.
Can a referral diagnosis code for duplex ultrasound "predict" carotid artery stenosis?
Authors: Gaisenok O. V. , Samorodskaya I. V. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: May 2023

Aim. To evaluate the detection rate of carotid artery stenosis (CAS) based on the diagnosis code according to the International Clas­sification of Diseases of 10th revision (ICD-10), used in appointment card for carotid duplex ultrasound.Material and methods. To conduct this study, the Duplex-2013 registry database was used, which sequentially included 2548 patients. When referring to carotid duplex ultrasound, all patients indicated the ICD-10 diagnosis code as the main reason for seeking medical help. The study assessed the presence and severity of CAS, the probability of CAS, taking into account age, sex, and referral diagnosis according to ICD-10.Results. According to the results of a univariate analysis, the following referral diagnoses were associated with the identification of CAS by two criteria (stenosis ≥20 and ≥50%): generalized/peripheral atherosclerosis (GPA) — odds ratio (OR), 6,54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2,71-18,89 (p<0,001) and OR, 11,91; 95% CI: 6,17-22,75 (p<0,001), postinfarction cardiosclerosis — OR, 5,63; 95% CI: 2,62-13,6 (p<0,001) and OR, 3,08; 95% CI: 1,39-6,28 (p=0,004), CAS — OR, 3,26; 95% CI: 2,08-5,27 (p<0,001) and OR, 2,29; 95% CI: 1,25-3,96 (p=0,006) and hypertension, OR, 2,2; 95% CI: 1,87-2,58 (p<0,0001) and OR, 1,45; 95% CI: 1,07-1,97 (p=0,02). Taking into account age and sex, the probability of CAS detection (>20%) is associated with HTN — OR, 1,43; 95% CI: 1,19-1,71 (p<0,001), postinfarction cardiosclerosis — OR, 2,89; 95% CI: 1,20-6,94 (p=0,01) and GPA — OR, 4,52; 95% CI: 1,65-12,35 (p=0,003); CAS >50% — acute myocardial infarction — OR, 8,45; 95% CI: 1,32-53,97 (p=0,02) and GPA — OR, 9,82; 95% CI: 4,81-20,04 (p<0,001).Conclusion. Certain groups of referral diagnoses (ICD-10 codes) are associated with a higher probability of CAS. The obtained data needs to be refined in order to optimize routing and referral for carotid duplex ultrasound.
Preliminary results of a prospective randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of refralon and amiodarone in cardioversion in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and flutter
Authors: Gagloeva D. A. , Dzaurova Kh. M. , Zelberg M. A. , Mironov N. Yu. , Yuricheva Yu. A. , Sokolov S. F. , Krymukova M. A. , Salpagarova A. I. , Dulaev L. O. , Pevzner D. V. , Golitsyn S. P. 
Published: May 2023

Aim. To compare the efficacy and safety of chemical cardioversion (CCV) with refralon and amiodarone in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibril­lation and flutter (AF/AFL).Material and methods. Fifty five patients (mean age, 65±11 years) with paroxysmal AF/AFL were included. All patients underwent a preliminary examination to rule out contraindications to CCV. Further, patients were randomized into groups of refralon (n=30) and amiodarone (n=28), respectively. CCV with refralon was carried out as follows: administration in doses of 5-5-10-10 µg/kg at intervals of 15 minutes. Patients of the second group were intravenously injected with amiodarone at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight for 20-60 minutes, depending on the drug tolerability. If AF/AFL persists after 60 minutes, infusion of amio­darone 100 mg/hour until restoration of sinus rhythm (SR) or reaching a dose of 1200 mg/day. Treatment efficacy was assessed by SR reco­very, absence of AF/AFL recurrence, and arrhythmia relief time, and safety was assessed by detection of ventricular arrhythmogenic effects, bradyarrhythmias, blood pressure reduction, and QT interval prolongation. The follow-up period lasted 24 hours.Results. SR was restored in 96,7% (n=29) of patients in the refralon group, of which 56,7% (n=17) after a dose of 5 mcg/kg. In the amio­darone group, SR was restored in 57,1% (n=16) of patients (p<0,001). The arrhythmia relief time in the refralon group was 14 [7;23] min, while in the amiodarone group — 150 [82;240] min (p<0,001). There were no significant differences in the incidence of bradyarrhythmias, lowering blood pressure, and QT prolongation in the groups.Conclusion. Refralon demonstrates a higher efficiency and lower time to AF/AFL relief compared with amiodarone, while in most patients, SR recovery occurs after the administration of the lowest doses, which ensures CCV safety.