bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organising for innovation: alliance-to-acquisition transitions and patent production
Authors: McCarthy Killian , Aalbers Rick , Kearney Claudine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Innovating in the pharmaceutical industry requires firms to use strategic alliances and acquisitions to build complex interorganizational relationships. While the impact of these strategies is well-documented, less is known about the implications of ‘transitioning’ from alliances to acquisitions—that is, acquiring one’s alliance partners. Drawing on resource dependence theory and analysing data from 351 pharmaceutical firms—which collectively announced 1784 acquisitions and filed 65,523 patent applications over a 25-year period—we quantify the effects of transitions on the number of breakthrough and incremental patents produced. Our findings indicate that alliance-to-acquisition transitions enhance incremental innovation but do not significantly impact breakthrough innovation. However, we find that the ‘type’ of transition plays a critical role: acquiring a greater share of international alliance partners—introducing cultural complexity—reduces the number of incremental innovations produced compared to transitions with domestic partners. Similarly, acquiring a greater share of related partners—reducing the firm’s technological complexity—limits the number of breakthrough innovations produced compared to acquiring unrelated partners. These findings provide new insights into how governance choices shape innovation outcomes in the pharmaceutical sector and offer practical guidance for managers seeking to optimize their innovation strategies through informed alliance and acquisition decisions.
The Role and Possibilities of Epigenetics in Ornamental Plant Breeding
Authors: Kisvarga Szilvia , Horotán Katalin , Orlóci László 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The importance of epigenetics in plant cultivation and breeding has been growing rapidly in the recent years, and this knowledge base is likely to expand further in the years ahead. The constantly changing climate means that our commercial and ornamental plants require reassessment and varieties need to be adapted to these climatic conditions. Epigenetics provides a solution for breeding varieties that change phenotypic traits without modifying the DNA, so that they cannot be considered as genetically modified varieties. Breeding of ornamental plants will therefore be a priority area for epigenetics in the near future, as it is of paramount importance to ensure a constantly renewed ornamental quality. Flowering and flower induction will also be an important area of epigenetic research. In this work, we have collected some relevant epigenetic results in the plant kingdom, with emphasis on ornamental plants.
Overlap times in the G/G/1 queue via Laplace transforms
Authors: Boxma Onno , Pender Jamol 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the steady-state maximum overlap time distribution in the G/G/1 queue. Our methodology exploits Laplace-Stieltjes transforms with a novel decomposition of the maximum overlap time. Explicit expressions are provided for the special cases of the M/G/1 and G/M/1 queues. We also study the steady-state distribution of the minimum overlap time of a customer with its two adjacent customers. We show a novel relationship between the minimum, maximum and the steady-state waiting time.
The influence of short-term subjective expectations on stock price movements
Authors: Schmidt Johannes 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper examines the role of short-term subjective expectations in asset pricing by analyzing their explanatory power for stock price movements. I use a sample of the Swiss stock market from 2003 to 2022 to compute aggregate measures of subjective expectations. I find a strong positive relationship between subjective growth expectations and future realized growth. Furthermore, I observe that the forecast errors of subjective growth expectations are predictable, which should not be the case in a world of rational expectations. The proportions of variation in the price-dividend, price-earnings, and price-to-cash flow ratio are estimated using a variance decomposition approach. The results indicate that subjective expectations significantly contribute to these variations.
Backfill-geogrid interaction: insights from pullout tests and numerical simulation
Authors: Verma Harshal , Mishra Partha Narayan , Manna Bappaditya , Williams David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study investigates the interaction between geogrids and two distinct granular backfill materials, Yamuna sand and coal mine overburden through a combination of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. It evaluates the physical and mechanical properties of coalmine overburden and Yamuna sand, and the pullout performance of geogrid embedded in both materials. A large-scale pullout box was utilised to conduct the experiments, and the results showed that coalmine overburden offers higher pullout resistance than Yamuna sand. The effect of physical parameters such as elasticity of geogrid, geogrid geometry and angle of inclination were analysed using the discrete element method. The pullout resistance of geogrids mainly depends on the elastic properties of the material. The study also shows the existence of an optimum spacing between longitudinal and transverse ribs.
Structural comparison of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate-Lipiodol (NL) and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate-Lipiodol-Ethanol (NLE) using scanning electron microscope
Authors: Sasaki Yu , Araki Takuji , Ban Munetsugu , Hujihara Kodai , Imaimatsu Hiroto , Okada Hiroki , Oda Toshiyuki , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) and Lipiodol mixture (NL) are widely used for emergency embolization due to their effective polymerization upon contact with blood. However, NBCA’s strong adhesive properties can cause complications, leading to the development of an NBCA-Lipiodol-ethanol mixture (NLE), which has shown reduced catheter adhesion. This study aimed to observe the structural differences between NL and NLE polymers using scanning electron microscopy.

Materials and methods
Four different ratios of NBCA, Lipiodol, and ethanol (NLE230, NLE221, NLE150, and NLE141) were examined. The samples were injected into silicone tubes filled with human serum, and the polymerized specimens were collected and observed using scanning electron microscopy.

Results
NLE230 formed a dense, three-dimensional honeycomb-like structure, whereas NLE221 exhibited a two-dimensional folded-sheet structure. Both NLE150 and NLE141 exhibited a folded-sheet structure; however, NLE141 was considerably more fragile, with cracks and rough surfaces, resulting in a structure that lacked uniformity.

Conclusion
The differences in structure suggest that ethanol considerably influences the polymerization process. These differences may explain characteristics of NLE, such as low adhesion.
Assessing Hyrcanian forest fire vulnerability: socioeconomic and environmental perspectives
Authors: Nejatiyanpour Elnaz , Ghorbanzadeh Omid , Strobl Josef , Yousefpour Rasoul , Kakhki Mahmoud Daneshvar , Amirnejad Hamid , Gholamnia Khalil , Sabouni Mahmoud Sabouhi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increasing frequency and intensity of forest fires, driven by climate change and human activities, pose a significant threat to vital forest ecosystems, particularly where fire is not a natural element in the regeneration cycle. This study aims to identify the indicators influencing forest fire vulnerability and compare maps of forest fire susceptibility that are based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change tripartite model, with a focus on the vulnerable Hyrcanian forest region in Golestan Province, northern Iran, where forest fires have caused considerable economic losses. On the basis of expert opinions and a literature review, we used geographic information systems, remote sensing and machine learning techniques to select and weigh 30 biophysical, environmental and socioeconomic indicators that affect forest fire vulnerability in the study area. These indicators were rigorously normalized, weighted and amalgamated into a comprehensive forest fire vulnerability index to analyze forest exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. We thus identified and mapped areas with very high forest fire exposure, high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity for urgent targeted intervention and strategic planning to mitigate the impacts of forest fires. The results also revealed a set of critical indicators that contribute more significantly to forest fire vulnerability (e.g., precipitation, elevation and factors related to biodiversity, human activity and economic reliance on forest resources). Our results provide insights that can inform policy-making, community engagement and environmental management strategies to mitigate the vulnerabilities associated with forest fires in the Hyrcanian forest.
Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine mannich bases: synthesis, anticholinesterase evaluation, and in silico studies
Authors: Kuzu Burak , Demir Yeliz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, a series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-mannich bases were designed and synthesized for the inhibition of cholinesterases, one of the important pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. The imidazopyridine scaffold, which is found in the structure of many active compounds in pharmaceutical use, is derived from Mannich-bases containing morpholine and various aromatic groups. In vitro AChE and BChE enzyme activities and enzyme kinetics studies of new potential drug candidates (9a-j) that can target the critical binding regions of cholinesterases were conducted. In vitro evaluation with donepezil, tacrine (control compounds), and 9a-j, it was found that naphthalene-substituted compound 9j exhibited the most potential anti-cholinesterase activity (IC50s: 57.75 nM for AChE; 99.0 nM for BChE). Molecular docking studies performed with hAChE and hBChE enzyme crystal structures revealed that compound 9j has a higher binding affinity by targeting the CAS and PAS binding sites. Additionally, drug-likeness and pre-ADMET evaluation of the compounds showed that compound 9j had the most favorable drug properties. These results might be a new milestone in terms of the promising importance of the imidazopyridine scaffold in future drug design for the treatment of AD.

Graphical abstract
Large sumsets from small subsets
Authors: Bollobás Béla , Leader Imre , Tiba Marius 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper we start to investigate a new body of questions in additive combinatorics. The fundamental Cauchy–Davenport theorem gives a lower bound on the size of a sumset A + B for subsets of the cyclic group ℤ
p
of order p (p prime), and this is just one example of a large family of results. Our aim in this paper is to investigate what happens if we restrict the number of elements of one set that we may use to form the sums. Here is the question we set out to answer: given two subsets, A and B, does B have a subset B′ of bounded size such that A + B′ is large, perhaps even comparable to the size of A + B? In particular, can we get close to the lower bound of the Cauchy–Davenport theorem?
Our main results show that, rather surprisingly, in many circumstances it is possible to obtain not merely an asymptotic version of the usual sumset bound, but even the exact bound itself. For example, in ℤ, we show that if A and B have size n then there are three elements b
1, b
2, b
3 ∈ B such that ∣(A + b
1) ∪ (A + b
2) ∪ (A + b
3)∣ ⩾ 2n − 1. And for ℤ
p
itself, we show the following: if A and B have size n, where n ⩽ p/3, then there is a subset B′ of B of size c such that ∣A + B′∣ ⩾ 2n − 1. Here c is an absolute constant. In the inverse direction for this result, we show that if for every subset B′ of B of size c we have ∣A + B′∣ ⩽ 2n − 1 + r, where r ⩽ εn for some absolute constant ε, then B is contained in an arithmetic progression of size n + r. We also prove ‘unbalanced’ forms of our results, when the sizes of A and B may differ.
As an application, we prove some considerable extensions of the Erdős–Heilbronn problem. We also present versions in the continuous setting, and give several open problems.
Online embedding of metrics
Authors: Newman Ilan , Rabinovich Yuri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study deterministic online embeddings of metric spaces into normed spaces and into trees against an adaptive adversary. Main results include a polynomial lower bound on the (multiplicative) distortion of embedding into Euclidean spaces, a tight exponential upper bound on embedding into the line, and a (1 + ϵ)-distortion embedding in ℓ
∞ of a suitably high dimension.
Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Atrial Fibrillation: Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Ye Xuejiao , Wu Qian , Lv Qianyu , Hou Xinzheng , Yang Yingtian , Yang Chenyan , Wang Shihan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, and alcohol consumption are significant risk factors that contribute to an increased global burden of cardiovascular diseases. However, the casual relationship between smoking, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, and atrial fibrillation (AF) remains uncertain. Conventional observational studies are difficult to draw conclusion on high-quality causality. To elucidate the association between smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, alcohol consumption, and AF, we conducted this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Smoking encompasses current tobacco smoking, ever-smoked, and light smokers, with light smokers being defined as at least 100 smokes in lifetime, as well as secondhand smoke exposure, which is characterized by workplace had a lot of cigarette smoke from other people smoking: Often. Alcohol consumption encompasses diagnoses—secondary ICD10: Z72.1 Alcohol use and the frequency of alcohol intake. Genetic variants associated with smoking and alcohol consumption were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project and subsequently selected as instrumental variables (IVs). The corresponding variants associated with AF were also retrieved from the IEU Open GWAS project. The primary MR method utilized was the inverse-variance weighted (IVW). To assess the robustness of our results, multiple supplementary methods were utilized, including the weighted median (WM), MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger intercept test, and the leave-one-out method. A reverse MR analysis was also conducted to determine the potential existence of reverse causality. Genetic predictions indicate a causal relationship between active smoking (current tobacco smoking, P

-val
= 0.019, OR: 1.413, 95% CI = 1.058–1.888; ever smoked, P

-val
= 0.049, OR: 1.355, 95% CI = 1.001–1.834; light smokers, P

-val
= 0.001, OR: 1.444, 95% CI = 1.154–1.806) and AF. No causal association was found between secondhand smoke exposure, alcohol consumption phenotypes, and AF. Additionally, the reverse MR analysis did not reveal any evidence of reverse causality from AF to active smoking. This study provides MR evidence supporting a causal association between active smoking and AF. The significance of smoking cessation is underscored by its potential to prevent or mitigate the risk of AF. Furthermore, the impact of secondhand smoke exposure and alcohol consumption on AF, as well as the causality among these factors, warrants further investigation.
Evaluation of rs781673405, rs1244378045, rs767450259, rs750556128, rs369143448, rs143353036, and rs759369504 mutations in terms of polymorphism in diabetic obese and non-diabetic obese individuals
Authors: Aksoyer Sezgin Saadet Busra , Durak Sermin , Celik Faruk , Guler Varol , Sarikaya Aysegul , Zeybek Umit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Obesity is among the important healthcare issues in which there is an abnormal increase in body fat because energy intake is higher than energy expenditure. The Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha overexpression in adipose tissue plays important roles in mediating obesity and insulin resistance. “TNF-related apoptosis-inducing Ligand (TRAIL(TNSF10))”, which is a member of the TNF family, is expressed as a Type-II Transmembrane Protein with an effect on the development of obesity and diabetes.

Methods
The rs781673405, rs1244378045, rs767450259, rs750556128, rs369143448, rs143353036, and rs759369504 polymorphisms of TRAIL, which were determined to play protective roles against diabetes, were evaluated with the RT-qPZR Method in the present study.

Results
It was found that the genotype distribution of TRAIL rs767450259 Polymorphism was significant and the T-Allele had protective effects against diabetic obesity. It was also found that the G-Allele of the rs369143448 Polymorphism had protective roles against diabetic obesity. It was shown that carrying the A-Allele in the rs750556128 Polymorphism might increase the risk of obesity in diabetic patients by 1.3-fold.

Conclusions
The present study makes a significant contribution to the literature data because it is the first to investigate these polymorphisms.
Sustaining Brain Youth by Neural Stem Cells: Physiological and Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Santos Matilde , Moreira João A. Ferreira , Santos Sónia Sá , Solá Susana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the last two decades, stem cells (SCs) have attracted considerable interest for their research value and therapeutic potential in many fields, namely in neuroscience. On the other hand, the discovery of adult neurogenesis, the process by which new neurons are generated in the adult brain, challenged the traditional view that the brain is a static structure after development. The recent findings showing that adult neurogenesis has a significant role in brain plasticity, learning and memory, and emotional behavior, together with the fact that it is strongly dependent on several external and internal factors, have sparked more interest in this area. The mechanisms of adult neural stem cell (NSC) regulation, the physiological role of NSC-mediated neuroplasticity throughout life, and the most recent NSC-based therapeutic applications will be concisely reviewed. Noteworthy, due to their multipotency, self-renewal potential, and ability to secrete growth and immunomodulatory factors, NSCs have been mainly suggested for (1) transplantation, (2) neurotoxicology tests, and (3) drug screening approaches. The clinical trials of NSC-based therapy for different neurologic conditions are, nonetheless, mostly in the early phases and have not yet demonstrated conclusive efficacy or safety. Here, we provide an outlook of the major challenges and limitations, as well as some promising directions that could help to move toward stem cell widespread use in the treatment and prevention of several neurological disorders.

Graphical Abstract

Factors influencing neural stem cell plasticity and neurogenesis. Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors can modulate neural stem cells’ ability to change their fate and function and to generate new neurons in the brain. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; GCL, granule cell layer; SGZ, subgranular zone. Created with BioRender.com
CCL20 in the tumor microenvironment: implications for cancer progression and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Kwantwi Louis Boafo , Boafo James Danquah , Egleh Bevelyn Emefa , Li Mingfeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Increasing knowledge of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in cancer-related processes has led to the developing of novel immune-based therapies that have changed the cancer treatment paradigm. In the tumor microenvironment, the plethora of soluble factors secreted by tumor cells interacts with immune cells and non-immune components to deliver signals necessary for tumor progression. Accordingly, targeting tumor-derived factors inducing this immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has become an appealing therapeutic potential in advancing cancer treatment. CCL20, a chemokine best known to induce leucocyte migration in response to pathological and inflammatory conditions, has been implicated in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immunosuppression, and therapeutic resistance. Notably, CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 are important in tumor microenvironment interactions. This review discusses the interaction between the CCL20–CCR6 axis and the tumor microenvironment and how these interactions promote tumor progression. Also, an outline of studies utilizing CCL20 in combination with other standard cancer treatments has been shed.
In Defense of Parfit’s Ontology
Authors: Jack Evan , Khuramy Mustafa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Parfit (2011, 2017) denies that committing to the existence of reasons is ontologically costly. To motivate his denial, Mintz-Woo (2018) thinks Parfit forwards two arguments: the plural senses argument from elimination and the argument from empty ontology. Mintz-Woo believes he has “debunked” both arguments. In what follows, we do three things. First, we argue that his objections to the arguments fail or at best miss the point. Second, we argue that even if our independent responses fail, his responses meet an unfortunate dilemma. Lastly, we address his concerns about the relationship between Parfit’s ontology and truth.
Mixotrophic Cultivation of Polar Microalga Chlamydomonas sp. RCC2488 (Malina) Using Potato Peel Hydrolysates as Carbon Source
Authors: Urme Shah Rucksana Akhter , Barth Laura , Serrano-Carreón Leobardo , Martinez Alfredo , Morales-Sánchez Daniela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The polar microalga Chlamydomonas sp. RCC2488 (malina) exhibits high PUFA production under phototrophic conditions, but there is no evidence of heterotrophic or mixotrophic growth. Hence, the grow and transmembrane carbon (glucose) transport was assessed under heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. The microalga transported carbon at a rate of 0.015 μmol/g/min, achieving 0.4 g/L of biomass with high PUFA content (122.5 mg/g) under mixotrophic conditions with glucose. No heterotrophic growth and transport were observed. The use of an alternative carbon source such as potato peel waste was evaluated. This material was subjected to an acid-hydrothermal pretreatment with 1% sulfuric acid at 121 °C for 120 min followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with α-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The resulting hydrolysates (PPH1 and PPH3) released up to 46.3 g/L of glucose with a reducing sugar conversion of 46%. But these hydrolysates also presented up to 4.7 and 8.5 g/L of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), respectively, which decreased the microalgal growth to 0.07 g/L and promoted the accumulation of 74.7 g/g of TAG. A water-washing extra step (PPH2) removed these toxic compounds achieving biomass and PUFA concentrations similar to the ones obtained with pure glucose. Therefore, pretreatment and hydrolysis optimization including toxic by-product removal are necessary to use potato peel as an efficient carbon source for microalgae cultivation. Mixotrophic cultivation of Chlamydomonas sp. RCC2488 (malina) was possible but not ideal since higher growth is attained under phototrophic conditions.