bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperative and Orthogonal Switching in the Solid State Enabled by Metal‐Organic Framework Confinement Leading to a Thermo‐Photochromic Platform
Authors: Wilson Gina R. , Park Kyoung Chul , Thaggard Grace C. , Martin Corey R. , Hill Austin R. , Haimerl Johanna , Lim Jaewoong , Maldeni Kankanamalage Buddhima K. P. , Yarbrough Brandon J. , Forrester Kelly L. , Fischer Roland A. , Pellechia Perry J. , Smith Mark D. , Garashchuk Sophya , Shustova Natalia B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCooperative behavior and orthogonal responses of two classes of coordinatively integrated photochromic molecules towards distinct external stimuli were demonstrated on the first example of a photo‐thermo‐responsive hierarchical platform. Synergetic and orthogonal responses to temperature and excitation wavelength are achieved by confining the stimuli‐responsive moieties within a metal–organic framework (MOF), leading to the preparation of a novel photo‐thermo‐responsive spiropyran‐diarylethene based material. Synergistic behavior of two photoswitches enables the study of stimuli‐responsive resonance energy transfer as well as control of the photoinduced charge transfer processes, milestones required to advance optoelectronics development. Spectroscopic studies in combination with theoretical modeling revealed a nonlinear effect on the material electronic structure arising from the coordinative integration of photoresponsive molecules with distinct photoisomerization mechanisms. Thus, the reported work covers multivariable facets of not only fundamental aspects of photoswitch cooperativity, but also provides a pathway to modulate photophysics and electronics of multidimensional functional materials exhibiting thermo‐photochromism.
Marine carrageenan‐based NiO nanocatalyst in solvent‐free synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives
Authors: Buazar Foad , Sayahi Mohammad Hosein , Zarei Sefiddashti Arezoo 
Published: July 2023

This study presents the preparation of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) in the presence of marine seaweed kappa‐carrageenan (κ‐carrageenan) polysaccharide as a green stabilizer and coating agent under optimal conditions. Thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results revealed thermal stability and the presence of functional groups of κ‐carrageenan‐coated NiO (NiO@κ‐Car) NPs. The color change of the solution from green to black and advent peak at 320 nm primitively confirmed the formation of NiO NPs. Further, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of NiO@κ‐Car demonstrate rather irregular spherical and cubic morphology, showing an average size of 18 ± 1.5 nm. Further, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms that NiO NPs appear as cubic crystal structures with a crystallite size of 23.7 nm. According to the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) results, green NiO@κ‐Car exhibits superior catalytic efficiency in one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives under free‐solvent conditions. Hydrogen‐1 (1H) and carbon‐13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra indicated the successful synthesis of various organic products. The key advantages of the proposed efficient synthetic protocol include reusability of the catalyst (four runs), simple workout, high yield of the products, environmental sustainability, and solvent‐free reaction condition. A possible mechanism was also suggested, indicating the role of NiO@κ‐Car as a proficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst in the reaction.
A Tetrazine‐Caged Carbon‐Dipyrromethene as a Bioorthogonally Activatable Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Tam Leo K. B. , Lo Pui‐Chi , Cheung Peter Chi Keung , Ng Dennis K. P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA water‐soluble 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐substituted carbon‐dipyrromethene (C–DIPY) was synthesized from the previously reported carbonyl pyrrole dimer through a two‐step procedure. Owing to the presence of a tetrazine moiety, the fluorescence emission of this compound was largely quenched in phosphate‐buffered saline at pH 7.4. Upon addition of a bicyclo[6.1.0]non‐4‐yne (BCN) derivative, the tetrazine‐based quenching component of the compound was disrupted through the inverse electron‐demand Diels‐Alder reaction to restore the fluorescence in up to 6.6‐fold. This bioorthogonal activation was also demonstrated using U‐87 MG human glioblastoma cells, in which the fluorescence intensity of this C–DIPY could be enhanced by 8.7‐fold upon post‐incubation with the BCN derivative. The results showed that this tetrazine‐caged C–DIPY can serve as a bioorthogonally activatable fluorescent probe for bioimaging. The compound, however, was found to reside preferentially in the lysosomes instead of the mitochondria of the cells as predicted based on its cationic character, which could be attributed to its energy‐dependent endocytic cellular uptake pathway, for which lysosomes are the end station.
Coordinated Distributed Experiments in Higher Education: A Low Barrier to Entry and Potential for Student Projects
Authors: Koomen Michele , Ross Jake , Hinrichs Emelia , Hofstede Ellen , Grimes Jolie , Mohl Emily 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis mixed‐methods research focused on the implementation of a coordinated distributed experiment (CDE) investigating local adaptation in common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), a host plant for the monarch butterfly population. Faculty participants were recruited from the Ecological Research as Education Network (EREN) who recruited their former undergraduate students. Quantitative data were drawn from the Milkweed Local Adaptation (MLA) CDE database across the three project years. Qualitative data included faculty survey responses, semi‐structured interviews of faculty and former undergraduates, and review of undergraduate research posters, papers, and curricula using rubrics aligned with 4DEE and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) benchmarks. Analysis of the MLA CDE database illustrates a decline in both participating institutions and in counts of milkweed stems over the project (2018–2020). Qualitative data analysis revealed that CDEs: (1) offer opportunities for higher education faculty and their students to be part of research including developing skills of data collection, analysis, and interpretation; (2) have unexpected challenges; and (3) can inspire undergraduate students to develop independent research projects or curricular modules for use in formal 6–12 classrooms. Broader ecological educational implications of our outcomes for higher education faculty and their undergraduate students include: (1) recommendation that faculty members involved ought to be proactively informed about potential challenges and provided with guidance on how to mitigate them; (2) mitigating challenges with model studies to try to estimate the sample size and redundancy likely to produce robust data; and (3) proactive use of the educational network to understand institutional use of the CDE project with undergraduates.
Implications of AAV affinity column reuse and vector stability on product quality attributes
Authors: Soni Harshal , Lako Ira , Placidi Matteo , Cramer Steven M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, the implications of AAV9 capsid design and column reuse on AAV9 vector product quality were assessed with POROS CaptureSelect (PCS) AAVX and AAV9 resins using sf9 insect cell‐derived model AAV9 vectors with varying viral protein (VP) ratios. Chromatographic experiments with purified drug substance AAV9 model feeds indicated consistent vector elution profiles, independent of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) VP ratio, or cycle number. In contrast, the presence of process impurities in the clarified lysate feeds resulted in clear changes in the elution patterns. This included increased aggregate content in the vector eluates over multiple cycles as well as clear differences in the performance of these affinity resin systems. The AAV9‐serotype specific PCS AAV9 column, with lower vector elution pH, resulted in higher aggregate content over multiple cycles as compared to the serotype‐independent PCS AAVX column. Further, the results with vectors of varying VP ratio indicated that while one vector type eluate displayed higher aggregation in both affinity columns over column reuse, the eluate with the other vector type did not exhibit changes in the aggregation profile. Interestingly, vector aggregates in the affinity eluates also contained double‐stranded DNA impurities and histone proteins, with similar trends to the aggregate levels. This behavior upon column reuse indicates that these host cell impurities are likely carried over to subsequent runs due to incomplete clean‐in‐place (CIP). These results indicate that feed impurities, affinity resin characteristics, elution pH, column CIP, and vector stability can impact the reusability of AAV affinity columns and product quality.
Demystifying PCR tests, challenges, alternatives, and future: A quick review focusing on COVID and fungal infections
Authors: Sajeer Paramabth Muhammad , Varma Manoj 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is one of the most potent tools in molecular biology. It is extensively used for various applications ranging from medical diagnostics to forensic science and food quality testing. This technique has facilitated to survive COVID‐19 pandemic by identifying the virus‐infected individuals effortlessly and effectively. This review explores the principles, recent advancements, challenges, and alternatives of PCR technique in the context of COVID‐19 and fungal infections. The introduction of PCR technique for anyone new to this field is the primary aim of this review and thereby equips them to understand the science of COVID‐19 and related fungal infections in a simplistic manner.
Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Evaluation of Novel Rosin Diterpenoid Derivatives as Potential Anti‐glioma Agents
Authors: Ou Jiayi , Tan Weiyun , Chen Gong , Yang Xianjing , Luo Yan , Jin Xiaobao , Ye Lianbao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlioma is the most common brain tumor and its treatment options are limited. Abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid are tricyclic diterpenoid oxygen compounds with strong lip solubility and anti‐glioma activity. In this study, novel rosin diterpenoid derivatives were designed and synthesized using abietic acid and dehydrogenated abietic acid as lead compounds and their activities against T98G, U87MG, and U251 cells were evaluated by CCK‐8 methods. The in vivo activity of compounds with stronger activity in vitro was preliminarily studied through the Zebrafish model. The results showed that the IC50 values of B6, B8, B10, and B12 were 11.47 to 210.6 μM, which were exhibited higher antiproliferative potency against T98G, U87MG, and U251. The scratch experiment showed that B12 inhibited the migration of T98G in a time‐dependent and concentration‐dependent manner. The results of in vivo activity further explained that B12 could inhibit the proliferation of the T98G. The pKa values of B6, B8, B10, and B12 were 7.17 to 7.35, which were within the ideal range of glioma drugs. The ADME predictions indicated that these derivatives could pass through the blood‐brain barrier. In addition, molecular docking primarily explained interaction between compounds and protein. These results suggested that B12 should be a promising candidate that merits further attention in the development of anti‐glioma drugs.
Investigating the Dynamics of Pt/CeO2 Catalysts at the Powder Agglomerate Scale by Combining In Situ Hyperspectral Raman Imaging and SEM‐EDX Analysis
Authors: Molinet‐Chinaglia Clément , Piccolo Laurent , Loridant Stéphane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe dynamics of Pt/CeO2 catalysts is a hot topic since its knowledge can be used to (re)generate more active sites for redox reactions, even at low temperature (<500 °C). While numerous works focus on the atomic scale, the spatial extent of Pt surface diffusion is poorly known. In this work, it is evaluated at the powder agglomerate scale using an original methodology combining SEM‐EDX analysis and in situ optical/microRaman hyperspectral imaging performed on a Pt/CeO2+CeO2 mechanical mixture. No intergranular diffusion of platinum during redox cycles at 500 °C is revealed by these techniques, in particular by the Raman images of Ce3+ and peroxo species, which are highly sensitive to the presence of Pt atoms. It strongly suggests that Pt surface diffusion takes place only at the nanometer scale and could be limited by atom trapping on Pt/CeO2 agglomerates. Our method for investigating diffusion processes at the micrometer scale may be extended to other thermochemical conditions and other materials.
Preparation of 3‐D Porous Pure Al Electrode for Al‐Air Battery Anode and Comparison of its Electrochemical Performance with a Smooth Surface Electrode
Authors: Kahveci Osman 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study compared the electrochemical performances of porous surface electrodes obtained by the salt casting process against a smooth surface electrode. Potentiodynamic polarization test, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests of porous and smooth Al electrodes were performed using 0.5 M NaOH solution. According to the Tafel analysis, the Jcor value of the Al‐porous electrode was measured as 3.23 mA cm−2, which is approximately 55 % higher than the Al‐smooth electrode. The Ecor value was more negative for the Al‐porous electrode. Results of the low charge transfer resistance (2.2 Ω) of the Al‐porous electrode compared to the Al‐smooth electrode (2.8 Ω) concluded that the porous surface was increased the current density by increasing charge transport due to higher surface area. The galvanostatic discharge tests of the electrodes were carried out in an Al‐air battery test cell using a graphite carbon air cathode. As a result, the power density of the Al‐porous electrode was approximately 42 % higher than the Al‐smooth surface electrode.
Germylenes Exhibiting Solid‐State Emissions that Extend to NIR
Authors: Shukla Pratima , Nath Acharyya Jitendra , Mahawar Pritam , Kumar Hemant , Chandra Joshi Prakash , Kumar Singh Vivek , Vijaya Prakash G. , Nagendran Selvarajan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLow‐valent main group compounds that fluoresce in the solid‐state were previously unknown. To address this, we investigated room‐temperature photoluminescence from a series of crystals of germylenes 3–8 in this article; they exhibited emissions nearly reaching the NIR. Germylene carboxylates (3–8) were synthesized by reacting dipyrromethene stabilized germylene pyrrolide (2) with carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, benzoic acid, p‐cyanobenzoic acid, p‐nitrobenzoic acid, and acetylsalicylic acid.
Bridging the Gap between Zeolites and Dense Silica Polymorphs: Formation of All‐Silica Zeolite with High Framework Density from Natural Layered Silicate Magadiite
Authors: Koike Masakazu , Grosskreuz Isabel , Asakura Yusuke , Miyawaki Ritsuro , Gies Hermann , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Marler Bernd , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA silica zeolite (RWZ‐1) with a very high framework density (FD) was synthesized from highly crystalline natural layered silicate magadiite, bridging the gap between the two research areas of zeolites and dense silica polymorphs. Magadiite was topotactically converted into a 3D framework through two‐step heat treatment. The resulting structure had a 1D micropore system of channel‐like cavities with an FD of 22.1 Si atoms/1000 Å3. This value is higher than those of all other silica zeolites reported so far, approaching those of silica polymorphs (tridymite (22.6) and α‐quartz (26.5)). RWZ‐1 is a slight negative thermal expansion material with thermal properties approaching those of dense silica polymorphs. It contributes to the creation of a new field on microporous high‐density silica/silicates. Synergistic interactions are expected between the micropores with molecular sieving properties and the dense layer‐like building units with different topologies which provide thermal and mechanical stabilities.
Für eine umweltfreundliche Abwasserreinigung
Authors: Haermeyer Jörg 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDer großtechnische Einsatz von granulierter Aktivkohle (GAK) in der 4. Reinigungsstufe ist im Vergleich zur Verwendung von Pulveraktivkohle (PAK) nur in geringem Umfang in der Abwasserreingung verbreitet. Dabei liegen die Vorteile einer wiederholten Reaktivierung und der damit verbundenen mehrfachen Wiederverwendung im Sinne einer umweltfreundlichen Kreislaufführung auf der Hand.
Kohlendioxid aus der Atomsphäre entfernen
Authors: Böhringer Christine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDirect Air Capture (DAC) ist eine aufstrebende Technologie, die das Potenzial hat, den Klimawandel zu bekämpfen, indem sie direkt Kohlendioxid (CO2) aus der Atmosphäre entfernt. Eine gängige Methode besteht darin, Luft durch chemische Lösungen zu leiten, die CO2 absorbieren können. Das absorbierte CO2 wird dann isoliert und entweder zur Speicherung oder zur Nutzung in verschiedenen Industrieprozessen verwendet. Messtechnik von Endress+Hauser sorgt für die Effizienz und Sicherheit der Prozesse.
Klärschlamm: Schadstoff‐ und Rohstoffquelle zugleich
Authors: Dous Andreas , Kirchhof Jan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDie thermische Klärschlammverwertung schafft die Voraussetzungen für das Recycling von Phosphor. Im niedersächsischen Helmstedt ist die erste der aktuell fünf geplanten Klärschlamm‐Monoverbrennungsanlagen (KVA) im Herbst 2022 in Betrieb gesetzt worden. Die eingesetzte Wirbelschichttechnologie zählt zu den Leitverfahren bei partikelbildenden Prozessen und eignet sich hervorragend für die wirtschaftliche Herstellung maßgeschneiderter Dünger.
Fahrzeugkatalysatoren zerkleinern
Authors: Klein Dagmar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn Fahrzeugkatalysatoren sind Edelmetalle enthalten, die sich zu recyceln lohnen kann. Der Edelmetallgehalt lässt sich analytisch bestimmen. Für die Probenvorbereitung ist eine Pulverisierung der Katalysatorwabenkerne notwendig, die mit Schneid‐ und Planentenmühlen erfolgen kann.
π‐Extended End Groups Enable High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells with Near‐Infrared Absorption
Authors: Yu Linfeng , Xiao Haiqin , Shi Yu , Guo Xia , Xia Xinxin , Lu Xinhui , Zhang Maojie 
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive SummaryNarrow‐bandgap n‐type polymers are essential for advancing the development of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Herein, we developed a novel polymer acceptor PNT with π‐extended 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[b]naphthalen‐1‐ylidene) malononitrile (CPNM) end groups. Compared to commonly used 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[b]naphthalen‐1ylidene) malononitrile (IC) units, CPNM units have a further extended fused ring, providing the PNT polymer with extended absorption into the near‐IR region (903 nm) and exhibiting a narrow optical bandgap (1.37 eV). Furthermore, PNT exhibits a high electron mobility (6.79 × 10−4 cm2·V−1·S−1) and a relatively high‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of −3.80 eV. When blended with PBDB‐T, all‐PSC achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.7% and a high short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 24.4 mA·cm−2, mainly attributed to broad absorption (600—900 nm) and efficient charge separation and collection. Our study provides a promising polymer acceptor for all‐PSCs and demonstrates that π‐extended CPNM units are important to achieve high‐performance for all‐PSCs.
Silane or Siloxane‐Side‐Chain Engineering of Photovoltaic Materials for Organic Solar Cells†
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhang Xu , Zou Wentao , Xu Huajun , Kan Yuanyuan , Sun Yanna , Gao Ke 
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive SummaryWith the tactful material design, skillful device engineering, and in‐depth understanding of morphology optimization, organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved considerable success. Therefore, OSCs have reached high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 19%. Especially, continuously emerging new materials have been considered as one of the key factors to improve the PCEs of OSCs. Among molecular design strategies, side‐chain engineering is an easy and commonly‐used means which can optimize the solubility, alter intermolecular stacking arrangement, fine‐tune the open circuit voltage (VOC), thus ultimately improve the performance. As hybrid side chains, silane and siloxane side chains have considerable effects, not only in increasing the carrier mobility and tuning the energy level, but also in affecting the crystallinity and molecular orientation. In this review, the latest developments in photovoltaic materials based on silane and siloxane side chains are presented to illustrate the structure‐property relationships. The review comprehensively includes silane‐side based polymer/small molecule donors; siloxane‐side based polymer/small molecule donors, and polymer/small molecule acceptors. Then the similarities and differences between these two side chains are demonstrated. Finally, the possible applications and future prospects of silane and siloxane side chains are presented.
Acute toxicity comparison of magnetic resonance‐guided adaptive versus fiducial or computed tomography‐guided non‐adaptive prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Leeman Jonathan E. , Shin Kee‐Young , Chen Yu‐Hui , Mak Raymond H. , Nguyen Paul L. , D’Amico Anthony V. , Martin Neil E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is gaining wider adoption for prostate cancer management but there remain significant toxicity risks when delivering prostate SBRT with standard techniques. Magnetic resonance‐guided daily adaptive SBRT (MRg‐A‐SBRT) offers technological advantages in precision of radiation dose delivery, but the toxicity profile associated with MRg‐A‐SBRT compared to more standardly used fiducial or computed tomography‐guided non‐adaptive prostate SBRT (CT‐SBRT) remains unknown.MethodsA meta‐analysis to compare acute toxicity rates associated with MRg‐A‐SBRT and CT‐SBRT for prostate cancer was performed in compliance with PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar were searched for prospective studies of prostate SBRT that were published between January 1, 2018 and August 31, 2022. Random effects and fixed effects models were used to estimate pooled toxicity rates, and meta‐regression was performed to compare toxicity between MRg‐A‐SBRT and CT‐SBRT study groups.ResultsTwenty‐nine prospective studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria and included a total of 2547 patients. The pooled estimates for acute grade 2 or higher (G2+) genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity for MRg‐A‐SBRT were 16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10%–24%) and 4% (95% CI, 2%–7%) and for CT‐SBRT they were 28% (95% CI, 23%‐33%) and 9% (95% CI, 6%‐12%), respectively. On meta‐regression, the odds ratios for acute G2+ GU and GI toxicities comparing MRg‐A‐SBRT and CT‐SBRT were 0.56 (95% CI, 0.33–0.97, p = .04) and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.17–0.96, p = .04), respectively.ConclusionMRg‐A‐SBRT is associated with a significantly reduced risk of acute G2+ GU or GI toxicity compared to CT‐SBRT. Longer follow‐up will be needed to evaluate late toxicity and disease control outcomes.Plain language summary

Magnetic resonance imaging‐guided daily adaptive prostate stereotactic radiation (MRg‐A‐SBRT) is a treatment that may allow for delivery of prostate radiation more precisely than other radiotherapy techniques, but it is unknown whether this reduces side effects compared to standardly used computed tomography‐guided SBRT (CT‐SBRT).

In this systematic review and meta‐analysis combining data from 29 clinical trials including 2547 patients, it was found that the risk of short‐term urinary side effects was reduced by 44% and the risk of short‐term bowel side effects was reduced by 60% with MRg‐A‐SBRT compared to CT‐SBRT.