bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Anticholinergic Burden on Verbal Memory Performance in First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Belkacem Agnès , Lavigne Katie M. , Makowski Carolina , Chakravarty Mallar , Joober Ridha , Malla Ashok , Shah Jai , Lepage Martin 
Published: May 2023

Objectives Antipsychotics are widely used to treat first-episode psychosis but may have an anticholinergic burden, that is, a cumulative effect of medications that block the cholinergic system. Studies suggest that a high anticholinergic burden negatively affects memory in psychosis, where cognitive deficits, particularly those in verbal memory, are a core feature of the disease. The present study sought to replicate this in a large cohort of well-characterized first-episode psychosis patients. We expected that patients in the highest anticholinergic burden group would exhibit the poorest verbal memory compared to those with low anticholinergic burden and healthy controls at baseline (3 months following admission). We further hypothesized that over time, at month 12, patients’ verbal memory performance would improve but would remain inferior to controls. Methods Patients ( n  =  311; low anticholinergic burden [ n  =  241] and high anticholinergic burden [ n  =  70], defined by a Drug Burden Index cut-off of 1) and healthy controls ( n  =  128) completed a clinical and neurocognitive battery including parts of the Wechsler Memory Scale at months 3 and 12. Results Cross-sectionally, using an analysis of variance, patients in the highest anticholinergic burden group had the poorest performance in verbal memory when compared to the other groups at month 3, F(2,430)  =  52.33, P < 0.001. Longitudinally, using a Generalized Estimating Equation model, the verbal memory performance of all groups improved over time. However, patients’ performance overall remained poorer than the controls. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of considering the anticholinergic burden when prescribing medications in the early stages of the disease.
Enhancement of the cure behavior and mechanical properties of nanoclay reinforced NR/SBR vulcanizates based on waste tire rubber
Authors: El Mogy Soma A , Lawandy Samir N 
Published: May 2023

The most important goal of this work was to investigate the different physical and mechanical properties of the nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT)-filled 50/50 wt.% of natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) blend containing 40 phr of waste tire rubber (WTR) in the presence of bio-resin. The MMT was added into the NR/SBR/WTR blends and processed via a two-roll mill to prepare blends at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 phr of nanoclay filler and a constant concentration of 10 phr of bio-resin. The morphology, rheological, percent of swelling weight, and mechanical properties of the MMT-reinforced NR/SBR/WTR blends were examined. The cure characteristics of the blends showed that MMT significantly affected the scorch and vulcanization times, torques, and curing rate of NR/SBR/WTR blends at all filler contents. Also, the findings revealed that the MMT was an efficient reinforcing material for the NR/SBR/WTR blend, improving crosslink density, tensile and tear strengths, hardness, compression set, and abrasion resistance. The tensile strength of filled NR/SBR/WTR blends achieved its maximum value (11.2 MPa) when the MMT content was 15 phr. While the elongation percent of the filled blends decreased for all MMT concentrations compared with the pristine blend. The elastic modulus and tear strength of the blends improved as the MMT loading increased. The hardness (Shore A) continued to increase with increasing MMT loading. On the contrary, the rebound resilience gradually decreased leading to improved interaction between the matrix and filler.
Comparison of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate to Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate in the Inpatient Management of Acute Hyperkalemia
Authors: Joyce Olivia , Corpman Michael 
Published: May 2023

Background: Oral potassium binders have a role in the management of acute hyperkalemia among hospitalized patients. However, with therapeutic additions to this class, there is insufficient evidence between potassium binders to support a standard of care recommendation for use in this acute setting. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the acute potassium lowering effects of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS). Methods: A retrospective review of admitted patients who received SZC or SPS was conducted after exemption from the Institutional Review Board. Patients with baseline potassium values less than 5.1 mmol/L or factors contributing to potentially false report of serum potassium were excluded. The primary outcome was the average change in potassium from baseline to 24 hours following potassium binder administration. Secondary outcomes compared changes to potassium from baseline to various time periods after administration, presence of electrolyte changes, and documentation of serious adverse events. Results: A total of 246 patients were included, with 128 receiving SZC and 118 receiving SPS. Mean change in serum potassium (mmol/L) at 24 hours was not significant between binders (−.78 vs −.91; P = .22). Secondary efficacy and safety outcomes were also similar between groups. A total of 5 serious adverse events were reported, occurring only in the SPS group. Conclusion: SZC and SPS have comparable effects in acute potassium reduction, with serious gastrointestinal adverse events documented only in SPS patients. Health systems may consider this data in determining medication formularies or during order set development.
Residual chemotherapy drugs after flushing infusion lines
Authors: Marchal Marie-Alix , Robert Marie , Pesqué Raphaëlle , Jourdan Nathalie , Sessink Paul , Madelaine Isabelle , Levert Hélène 
Published: May 2023

Introduction During administration of chemotherapies, disconnection presents risks for nurses. Thus, it is recommended to flush the infusion line with solvent to reduce this risk and ensure that the entire dose is administered. Objectives of this study were to evaluate flushing practices and to investigate the efficiency of flushing, according to the type of hospitalization, in hospitalization (HU) or day-care unit (DCU), for three drugs. Methods Twenty secondary infusion lines were collected in five HU and 20 in two DCU. Flushing volumes were estimated by weighing solvent bags. The amount of residual drug was measured for secondary lines by mass spectrometry coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Chemotherapies were administered by 26 nurses. All of infusion lines contained chemotherapy after flushing. Flushing volumes, residual concentrations and flushing efficiencies were significantly different between these two types of units. In contrast, flushing volumes administrated did not differ between chemotherapy drugs. Conclusions Local recommendations are fully implemented in HU and partially in DCU. The use of small volumes in DCU is related to the patient length of stay, it may, also, be due to omitting the average tubing volume. All infusion lines still contained chemotherapy, including those with a flush volume much higher than recommended, showing that the risk of exposure persists. To achieve a rinse volume greater than 50 mL, it is necessary to use at least 100 mL. It is also important to insist on personal protective equipment and to consider closed safety system for administration.
Nivolumab-induced sensory ganglionopathy
Authors: Coskun Ozlem , Sahin Hasan , Yalcin Selim , Sahin Yekta C. , Coskun Ugur 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Nivolumab is s a human monoclonal antibody. Due to its widespread use in many cancers, including Merkel cell carcinoma, adverse reactions associated with nivolumab, such as neuropathies, endocrinopathies, gastrointestinal problems, and skin toxicities have been increasing. Sensory ganlionopathy is rarely observed in these patients. Case description We present a 63-year-old male with a medical history of Merkel cell carcinoma that recurred two times in the inguinal region. After undergoing surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy, a second surgery was performed. The patient suffered from tingling in all four limbs plus difficulty in walking after initiation of the third dose of nivolumab. Management and outcome After 1 month of 1 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone treatment, he showed significant improvement. Subsequently, the systemic corticosteroid regimen was tapered to 5 mg every other day. The treatment resulted in significant improvement in all extremities. Discussion Sensory ganlionopathy can be seen as a side effect of an immune checkpoint inhibitor, even though it is very extraordinary. This is the case in the literature to develop sensory ganlionopathy due to nivolumab. We believe that patients using nivolumab may develop sensory ganlionopathy and management should be taken on this point.
The Relationship Between Speech and Language Disorders and Working Memory: Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Typical Development
Authors: Sarıyer Merve Nur , Tadıhan Özkan Elçin , Fidan Saniye Tülin 
Published: May 2023

Objective: To examine the speech, language, and communication skills of school-age children with attention deficit and hyperactive disorder. Method: The sample of the study consists of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder ( n = 47) participants who are combined type and attention-deficit-dominant type, and the control group ( n = 40) typically developing participants. Turkish School Age Language Development Test, Turkish Articulation and Phonology Test, Working Memory Scale, and Predictive Cluttering Inventory were applied to all participants. Results: SPSS program was used in the analysis of the data. Mann Whitney U and One Way ANOVA analyzes were performed to find the difference between the groups. As a result of the statistical analysis, a significant difference was found between the participants with typical development and those with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in terms of word count ( p < .001). It was determined that participants with typical development outperformed participants with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in all tests. There was no difference in the two subtypes of the attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder group ( p > .001). Conclusion: It has been concluded that language, speech, and working memory skills of children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder are lower than their peers with typical development. Speech and language skills and working memory must be taken into consideration in assessment and intervention children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.
Risk of Criminal Justice System Interactions in Young Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings From a National Birth Cohort
Authors: Anns Francesca , D’Souza Stephanie , MacCormick Conrad , Mirfin-Veitch Brigit , Clasby Betony , Hughes Nathan , Forster Warren , Tuisaula Eden , Bowden Nicholas 
Published: May 2023

Objective: To examine criminal justice system (CJS) interactions and pathways through the justice system for young adults with ADHD compared to young adults without ADHD. Method: Nationwide 3-year birth cohort study using linked health and CJS data. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine associations between ADHD and police proceedings, court charges, court convictions, and incarcerations. Results: Young adults with ADHD were significantly more likely to interact with the CJS including police proceedings (hazard ratio [HR], 2.1 95% CI [2.0, 2.2]) court charges (HR, 2.2 95% CI [2.1, 2.3]), court convictions (HR, 2.3 95% CI [2.2, 2.4]), and incarceration (HR, 4.8 95% CI [4.3, 5.4]). Conclusions: Young adults with ADHD are overrepresented at all stages of the CJS. Results highlight the importance of early identification and responsivity to ADHD within the CJS and suggest that the NZ justice system may require changes to both areas to ensure that young individuals with ADHD receive equitable access to, and treatment within, the CJS.
Fitness for Dance
Authors: Koutedakis Yiannis 
Published: May 2023

The work of dancers today embraces not only the art of communicating the joy and aesthetics of movement executing in perfect harmony and style, the power to express ideas and emotions through movement and musicality and the effortless display of technical virtuosity, but also these days a far more athletic and often acrobatic approach to movement is required which choreographers are insisting on more and more as a result of the increased cross fertilization between classical ballet and contemporary dance.” — Sir Peter Wright*
Golgi Tendon Organs: Neuroscience Update with Relevance to Stretching and Proprioception in Dancers
Authors: Moore Marjorie 
Published: May 2023

This article reviews the neuroscience of the Golgi tendon organ, a type of muscle sensory receptor. The intent is also to update and correct erroneous notions regarding its functional significance, particularly related to its involvement in reflexes, proprioception, and stretching techniques used in dance training. Historical research about the function of the Golgi tendon organ (GTO) has led to four erroneous views: 1. The GTO serves a protective function by responding only to muscle tension at the extreme end-range of motion; 2. Sensations from GTOs do not reach the cerebral cortex and therefore serve no role in conscious proprioception and kines-thesia; 3. The GTO and its reflex circuit (autogenic inhibition) prevent its muscle from contracting by “turning it off”; and 4. During contract-relax stretching, the GTO autogenic inhibition reflex circuit is responsible for the muscle relaxation phase and the accompanying increased range of motion. Recent research has shown that these early views are inaccurate. There is new evidence regarding the role of the GTO. 1. A GTO responds to even weak active contractions throughout the range of motion, although GTOs are much less sensitive to passive tension than to active tension. 2. GTO sensations probably do reach the cerebral cortex, buried in the fissure between the motor and sensory cortex “strips.” This information allows dancers to know where their limbs are in space. GTOs also provide unconscious proprioception, via the cerebellum, which helps dancers to learn new motor skills and improve execution of movements. 3. The GTO and its reflex (autogenic inhibition) reduce, but do not shut off, the excitability of the motor neuron and its innervated muscle. The ultimate reflex effect depends on the sum of multiple other inputs on the motor neuron. GTO input may reduce muscle activity, but does not “turn it off.” 4. During contract-relax stretching, the GTO autogenic reflex creates inhibition that lasts only as long as the muscle's active contraction. Therefore, GTO activity is unlikely to significantly affect the subsequent relaxation phase of the stretch. Other receptors and spinal circuits likely serve this function. It is hoped that this updated information will correct several erroneous notions about GTOs that have persisted in the dance kinesiology literature. Thus, dance kinesiology teachers, researchers, and health practitioners can provide accurate information to their students, readers, and patients.
Acute Low Back Problems in Adults
Authors:   U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
Published: May 2023

Findings and recommendations on the assessment and treatment of adults with acute low back problems — activity limitations due to symptoms in the low back and/ or back-related leg symptoms of less than 3 months’ duration — are presented in this clinical practice guideline. The following are the principal conclusions of this guideline: • The initial assessment of patients with acute low back problems focuses on the detection of “red flags” (indicators of potentially serious spinal pathology or other nonspinal pathology). • In the absence of red flags, imaging studies and further testing of patients are not usually helpful during the first 4 weeks of low back symptoms. • Relief of discomfort can be accomplished most safely with nonprescription medication and/or spinal manipulation. • While some activity modification may be necessary during the acute phase, bed rest >4 days is not helpful and may further debilitate the patient. • Low-stress aerobic activities can be safely started in the first 2 weeks of symptoms to help avoid debilitation: exercises to condition trunk muscles are commonly delayed at least 2 weeks. • Patients recovering from acute low back problems are encouraged to return to work or their normal daily activities as soon as possible. • If low back symptoms persist, further evaluation may be indicated. • Patients with sciatica may recover more slowly, but further evaluation can also be safely delayed. • Within the first 3 months of low back symptoms, only patients with evidence of serious spinal pathology or severe, debilitating symptoms of sciatica, and physiologic evidence of specific nerve root compromise corroborated on imaging studies can be expected to benefit from surgery. • With or without surgery, 80 percent of patients with sciatica recover eventually. • Nonphysical factors (such as psychological or socio-economic problems) may be addressed in the context of discussing reasonable expectations for recovery.
Bone Mineral Density in Active and Retired Ballet Dancers
Authors: Khan Karim M. , Warren Michelle P. , Stiehl Amanda , McKay Heather A. , Wark John D. 
Published: May 2023

Many members of both the balletic, and non-balletic worlds believe that ballet dancers are at risk for low bone mineral density (BMD), and therefore, osteoporotic fracture. However, the athletic nature of ballet dancing, particularly the jumping component, provides a substantial osteogenic stimulus. Further, ballet is often commenced at a young age, when physical activity may allow a child to optimize peak bone mass. Thus, we reviewed the literature seeking answers to four key questions: 1. Do dancers exhibit lifestyle risk factors that may cause them to have diminished BMD? 2. What is the effect of prolonged amenorrhea on BMD? 3. Do dancers, as a group, have greater or lesser bone mineral than their non-balletic counterparts? 4. Do the hours spent in childhood ballet classes influence adult BMD?We concluded that factors such as primary amenorrhea, low body weight, low energy intake, low calcium intake, and eating disorders can all lead to low BMD in dancers. However, in studies of retired dancers the effect of these risk factors on hip and lumbar spine BMD appears to be somewhat modulated, which may reflect that high impact activity during a key prepubertal age has a beneficial effect. The practical implication of these findings is that ballet, in moderation, and not associated with abnormal eating behavior or prolonged menstrual disturbance, can be seen as a positive lifestyle choice that may serve to decrease the risk of osteoporosis in later life.
Anterior chamber bleeding due to intravitreal dexamethasone implant sclerotomy without vitreous hemorrhage
Authors: Landini Luca , Boscia Giacomo , Sborgia Giancarlo , Grassi Maria Oliva , Buonamassa Rosa , Viggiano Pasquale , Bisceglia Giulia , Alessio Giovanni , Boscia Francesco 
Published: May 2023

Background Anterior Chamber bleeding without vitreous hemorrhage had been described after the removal of 23G vitrectomy cannulas. We report the case of an anterior chamber bleeding after an intravitreal Dexamethasone implant. Case Report One patient with macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion in a vitrectomized eye underwent an intravitreal Dexamethasone implant. After the injection the patient suffered from anterior chamber bleeding without signs of vitreous hemorrhage. The complication resolved with a conservative treatment. Conclusion Anterior Chamber bleeding is a possible complication of dexamethasone implant, that can be treated in a conservative way.
Effects of mobile apps intervention on medication adherence and type 2 diabetes mellitus control: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chong Cheng Jun , Bakry Mohd Makmor , Hatah Ernieda , Mohd Tahir Nor Asyikin , Mustafa Norlaila 
Published: May 2023

Introduction The prevalence of non-adherence to antidiabetic treatment remains high despite various efforts. Thus, the positive effects of the antidiabetic treatment cannot be optimised and the disease progresses to complications. This present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of mobile applications (apps) intervention on medication adherence and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) control. Methods This research was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The databases that had been searched included Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Ovid from 2017 to 2022. Study characteristics were retrieved and study outcomes such as adherence status and diabetes control were extracted and quantitatively analysed through meta-analysis. Results Eight studies met the final inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis, contributing to a total of 884 subjects. The methodological quality of the included studies was variable. Three studies reported statistically significant improvement in medication adherence through mobile apps intervention. Additionally, the mobile apps intervention proved effective in reducing glycaemic outcomes. As compared to non-mobile apps users, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) significantly decreased by 0.36% (95% CI −0.47% to −0.25%), whereas fasting plasma glucose (FPG) significantly decreased by 16.75 mg/dL (95% CI −17.60 mg/dL to −15.80 mg/dL). Conclusion Mobile apps intervention had beneficial impacts on medication adherence and glycaemic parameters. Future research should explore the best practical approach for real-world settings.
Numerical simulation of blast resistance of reinforced concrete slabs under fire conditions
Authors: Li Zhi , Huang Kai-Qian , Huang Ting , Qian Kai , Deng Xiao-Fang 
Published: May 2023

To study the blast resistance of reinforced concrete slabs under fire, the finite element software ABAQUS is used to simulate the static loading test of RC slabs under fire and the blast test of RC slabs at ambient temperature. After being validated, the FE model is employed to investigate the failure mechanism of RC slabs under the combined action of fire and blast using thermo-mechanical coupling technique. Moreover, the effects of fire exposure duration, scaled distance, and charge weight on the blast resistance of the RC slabs after fire are studied. The results show that blast results in the local shear failure in the center of the RC slab subjected to fire. Then, the whole floor slab undergoes flexural failure. With the increase of fire duration, the damage of RC slabs becomes more severe, and the plastic deformation gradually enables energy dissipation. The scaled distance and charge weight have the most significant influence on the failure mode and dynamic response of the RC slabs. The smaller the scaled distance, the more serious damage to the RC slabs. When the scaled distance is greater than 3 m/kg1/3, no damage occurs. The larger the charge weight, the more serious damage to the RC slabs.