bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐satellite framework to rapidly evaluate extreme biosphere cascades: The Western US 2021 drought and heatwave
Authors: Feldman Andrew F. , Zhang Zhen , Yoshida Yasuko , Gentine Pierre , Chatterjee Abhishek , Entekhabi Dara , Joiner Joanna , Poulter Benjamin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe increasing frequency and intensity of climate extremes and complex ecosystem responses motivate the need for integrated observational studies at low latency to determine biosphere responses and carbon‐climate feedbacks. Here, we develop a satellite‐based rapid attribution workflow and demonstrate its use at a 1–2‐month latency to attribute drivers of the carbon cycle feedbacks during the 2020–2021 Western US drought and heatwave. In the first half of 2021, concurrent negative photosynthesis anomalies and large positive column CO2 anomalies were detected with satellites. Using a simple atmospheric mass balance approach, we estimate a surface carbon efflux anomaly of 132 TgC in June 2021, a magnitude corroborated independently with a dynamic global vegetation model. Integrated satellite observations of hydrologic processes, representing the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum (SPAC), show that these surface carbon flux anomalies are largely due to substantial reductions in photosynthesis because of a spatially widespread moisture‐deficit propagation through the SPAC between 2020 and 2021. A causal model indicates deep soil moisture stores partially drove photosynthesis, maintaining its values in 2020 and driving its declines throughout 2021. The causal model also suggests legacy effects may have amplified photosynthesis deficits in 2021 beyond the direct effects of environmental forcing. The integrated, observation framework presented here provides a valuable first assessment of a biosphere extreme response and an independent testbed for improving drought propagation and mechanisms in models. The rapid identification of extreme carbon anomalies and hotspots can also aid mitigation and adaptation decisions.
Bureaucratic bias in integrated administrative systems: A large‐scale study of government officials
Authors: Trondal Jarle , Haslerud Gjermund 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study examines bureaucrats facing administrative architectures that are multiple, overlapping, ambiguous and sometimes incompatible. It makes two main contributions. Firstly, by an organizational approach it derives fine‐grained predictions on how bureaucrats maneuver when taking part in integrated multilevel administrative orders. Secondly, benefitting from a large‐N data‐set (N = 4285) from 16 ministries and 47 government agencies in Norway, the study demonstrates how organizational factors systematically ‘moderate’ and bias behavioral perceptions among government officials. Moreover, to probe the robustness of explanatory models, the study specifies patterns of moderation by outlining multiple interaction models as well as illustrating how interaction effects unfold. The study finds that few moderators make dramatic effects by profoundly weakening relationships. Moderating variables either strengthen or attenuate already apparent effects, thus probing the empirical robustness of the models.
The mental health of staff working in UK prisons during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Memon Amina , Hunt Ashley , Thelwall Ellamay , Hardwick Nick , Johnson Sverre Urnes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article presents the results of an opportunistic, cross‐sectional, self‐report survey of the well‐being of staff working in prisons throughout the UK. The survey was completed by 594 participants in the early part of 2021 at the height of the Covid‐19 pandemic. Self‐report measures indicated concerning levels of burnout and 43.4% of participants were above the established cut‐offs on the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7) scale. Eighty‐one per cent reported that their mental and physical health had deteriorated and many said emotional support was lacking. Further research is required to establish how typical and persistent these concerns are.
Overexpression of MicroRNA‐155 aggravates pulpitis by targeting kinesin superfamily Proteins‐5C based on illumina high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Jiang Ye , He Ying , Chen Yue , Zeng Jun , Huang Wenmian , Huang Lishan , Luo Jiaxin , Ma Yukun , Wu Lihong , Yang Xuechao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the regulatory role of miR‐155 and Kinesin Superfamily Proteins‐5C (KIF‐5C) in the progression of pulpitis based on bioinformatic analysis.MethodologyNormal pulp tissues and pulpitis pulp tissues were collected and subjected to high‐throughput sequencing and the differentially expressed miRNAs were determined. An in vitro and in vivo pulpitis model was established. HE, IHC staining and histological evaluation were used to verify the inflammatory state of human and mouse pulp tissues. The mRNA expression of IL‐1β and TGF‐β1 were determined by RT‐qPCR and protein expression of IL‐1α, IL‐4, IL‐8, IL‐13, IFN‐γ, IL‐6, IL‐10 and MCP‐1 were determined by protein chip. The target genes of miR‐155 were predicted by miRanda database and verified by Dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RT‐qPCR and western blotting. MiR‐155 lentivirus were used to upregulate or downregulate miR‐155 and the siRNA of KIF‐5C was used to downregulate KIF‐5C. The expression of miR‐155 or KIF‐5C was determined by RT‐qPCR. All statistics were analysed using GraphPad prism 8.2.ResultsThe high‐throughput sequencing results showed that 6 miRNAs (miR‐155, miR‐21, miR‐142, miR‐223, miR‐486, miR‐675) were significantly upregulated in diseased human pulp tissues, and miR‐155 was significantly elevated among the six miRNAs. RT‐qPCR results demonstrated that miR‐155 expression was upregulated in human pulpitic tissue, mice pulpitic tissue and LPS‐HDPCs. IL‐1β was increased while TGF‐β1 was decreased in lenti‐miR‐155 transfected LPS‐HDPCs. Analysis of protein chip results indicated that lenti‐miR‐155 transfected LPS‐HDPCs produced higher levels of IL‐8, IL‐6, MCP‐1. The opposite results were obtained when miR‐155 was inhibited. Through miRanda database screen and Dual‐luciferase reporter assay, the target gene (KIF‐5C) of miR‐155 was identified. In lenti‐miR‐155 transfected LPS‐HDPCs, the expression of KIF‐5C was downregulated. However, when shRNA‐miR‐155 was transfected to LPS‐HDPCs, the opposite result was obtained. Silent RNA was used to knock down KIF‐5C, the results showed that when both KIF‐5C and miR‐155 were knocked down simultaneously, the downregulated expression of inflammatory factors observed in LPS‐HDPCs following miR‐155 knockdown was rescued.ConclusionMiR‐155 plays an important role in promoting pulpitis through targeting KIF‐5C and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Comedonic lupus, a rare variant of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE): case series and literature review
Authors: da Silveira Camila S. C. , Lemos Thayane B. , Curty Erica R. G. , Sampaio Ana Luisa , Alves Maria de Fátima G. S. , Antelo Daniela A. P. , Gripp Alexandre C. , Azulay‐Abulafia Luna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune disease with several clinical presentations. The chronic form predominantly presents as discoid rashes but may present with less common morphological findings that can sometimes make diagnosis difficult. Comedonic lupus is a rare and underdiagnosed variant, with unknown etiology and still poorly defined treatment.MethodsThe report illustrates a series of five cases of patients diagnosed with comedonic lupus, and it reviews 18 cases previously published in the literature.ResultsThe clinical presentation is of comedonal lesions, mostly located on the face, making a differential diagnosis with other benign conditions such as acne vulgaris, Favre‐Racouchot syndrome, and syringoma, emphasizing the importance of clinical practice and histopathology for diagnostic confirmation.ConclusionsThere is scarcity in the literature regarding the condition and therapeutic possibilities for these cases of comedonic lupus.
Ultra‐processedfood consumption andBMI‐Zamong children at risk for obesity fromlow‐incomehouseholds
Authors: Heerman William J. , Sneed Nadia M. , Sommer Evan C. , Truesdale Kimberly P. , Matheson Donna , Noerper Tracy E. , Samuels Lauren R. , Barkin Shari L. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the association between baseline ultra‐processed food consumption in early childhood and child BMIZ‐score over 36 months.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort analysis as a secondary data analysis of the Growing Right Onto Wellness randomised trial. Dietary intake was measured via 24‐h diet recalls. The primary outcome was child BMI‐Z, measured at baseline and at 3‐, 9‐, 12‐, 24‐ and 36‐month timepoints. Child BMI‐Z was modelled using a longitudinal mixed‐effects model, adjusting for covariates and stratifying by age.ResultsAmong 595 children, median (Q1–Q3) baseline age was 4.3 (3.6–5.0) years, 52.3% of the children were female, 65.4% had normal weight, 33.8% were overweight, 0.8% were obese and 91.3% of parents identified as Hispanic. Model‐based estimates suggest that, compared with low ultra‐processed consumption (300 kcals/day), high ultra‐processed intake (1300 kcals/day) was associated with a 1.2 higher BMI‐Z at 36 months for 3‐year‐olds (95% CI = 0.5, 1.9;p < 0.001) and a 0.6 higher BMI‐Z for 4‐year‐olds (95% CI = 0.2, 1.0;p = 0.007). The difference was not statistically significant for 5‐year‐olds or overall.ConclusionsIn 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children, but not in 5‐year‐old children, high ultra‐processed food intake at baseline was significantly associated with higher BMI‐Z at 36‐month follow‐up, adjusting for total daily kcals. This suggests that it might not be only the total number of calories in a child's daily intake that influences child weight status, but also the number of calories from ultra‐processed foods.
Beautiful inside and out? The role of physical attractiveness in predicting altruistic behaviour
Authors: Kleinhans Chrisna , Nicholls Nicky 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhysical attractiveness has been found to influence labour market outcomes, including employment and remuneration. Researchers have also found links between attractiveness and dimensions that are likely to impact career or academic success, such as trust and cooperation. There is less research on physical attractiveness in interactions that are not inherently reciprocal in nature. We are interested in whether altruistic decisions are impacted by perceptions of physical attractiveness in South Africa, a country with significant racial and cultural diversity. We use a dictator game (n = 338, for 1689 decisions) to experimentally investigate whether people perceived as more attractive are treated with more altruism and whether attractive people behave more altruistically. We find more altruism shown towards attractive respondents, particularly from decision‐makers who see themselves as less attractive. Less attractive decision‐makers also show more altruism than decision‐makers who rate themselves as more attractive.
Solving the stochastic team orienteering problem: comparing simheuristics with the sample average approximation method
Authors: Panadero Javier , Juan Angel A. , Ghorbani Elnaz , Faulin Javier , Pagès‐Bernaus Adela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe team orienteering problem (TOP) is an NP‐hard optimization problem with an increasing number of potential applications in smart cities, humanitarian logistics, wildfire surveillance, etc. In the TOP, a fixed fleet of vehicles is employed to obtain rewards by visiting nodes in a network. All vehicles share common origin and destination locations. Since each vehicle has a limitation in time or traveling distance, not all nodes in the network can be visited. Hence, the goal is focused on the maximization of the collected reward, taking into account the aforementioned constraints. Most of the existing literature on the TOP focuses on its deterministic version, where rewards and travel times are assumed to be predefined values. This paper focuses on a more realistic TOP version, where travel times are modeled as random variables, which introduces reliability issues in the solutions due to the route‐length constraint. In order to deal with these complexities, we propose a simheuristic algorithm that hybridizes biased‐randomized heuristics with a variable neighborhood search and MCS. To test the quality of the solutions generated by the proposed simheuristic approach, we employ the well‐known sample average approximation (SAA) method, as well as a combination model that hybridizes the metaheuristic used in the simheuristic approach with the SAA algorithm. The results show that our proposed simheuristic outperforms the SAA and the hybrid model both on the objective function values and computational time.
Lycopene inhibits endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of choroidal vascular endothelial cells in laser‐induced mouse choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Li Lele , Cao Xin , Huang Lili , Huang Xiaobo , Gu Jiayi , Yu Xiaoli , Zhu Yan , Zhou Yue , Song Yu , Zhu Manhui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChoroidal neovascularization (CNV), is a major cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly population in developed countries, which is resulted from subretinal fibrosis without effective therapeutic strategies. Endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of choroidal vascular endothelial cells (CVECs) contributes to subretinal fibrosis. Lycopene (LYC), a non‐pro‐vitamin A carotenoid, plays an anti‐fibrotic role. Herein, we explored the effect and mechanism of LYC on the EndMT of CVECs during CNV. Firstly, LYC inhibited EndMT in hypoxic human choroidal endothelial cells (HCVECs). Meanwhile, LYC inhibited proliferation, androgen receptor (AR) expression and nuclear localization in hypoxic HCVECs. Then LYC‐inhibited AR promotes the activation of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) in hypoxic HCVECs. In addition, LYC down‐regulated AR and induced MITF up‐regulated pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) transcription and expression in hypoxic HCVECs. Moreover, LYC‐induced PEDF bound to laminin receptor (LR), inhibiting EndMT of hypoxic HCVECs via down‐regulating protein kinase B (AKT)/β‐catenin pathway. In vivo, LYC alleviated mouse laser‐induced subretinal fibrosis secondary to CNV via up‐regulating PEDF without any ocular or systemic toxicity. These results indicate that LYC inhibits EndMT of CVECs via modulating AR/MITF/PEDF/LR/AKT/β‐catenin pathway, showing LYC is a promising therapeutic agent for CNV.
Validating the occurrence of the giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) in the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Escobar‐Camacho Daniel , Andrade Wilson , Valencia Nathalia , Encalada Andrea C. , Pazmiño Diana A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) is distributed mostly in the Indo‐West Pacific. However, a few records indicate the presence of this eel in the Tropical Central and East Pacific. In April 2019, an eel specimen was caught in a small stream in San Cristobal Island, Galápagos. Morphological and molecular characters (16S and Cytb mtDNA sequences) confirmed the species as A. marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824. The re‐discovery of A. marmorata in Galápagos supports the hypothesis of an eastward range expansion from the west, probably through the North Equatorial Counter‐Current.
Investigation of osmosonication pretreated chili (Capsicum frutescensL.) drying in solar‐assisted fluidized bed dryer utilizing dehumidified air
Authors: Majumder Prasanta , Deb Bachu , Gupta Rajat 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe heat and moisture sensitivity of spices and a consistent supply of electrical energy is the challenging factors in developing a relevant drying system for rural applications. A novel solar‐assisted fluidized bed dryer was developed for drying locally harvested unique spices like bird's eye chili (Capsicum frutescens L.). The chili was pretreated by the osmosonication method prior to drying to expedite the elimination of intercellular and intracellular moisture. In order to make the dryer more reliable, the recirculation strategy and dehumidified air supplied by liquid desiccant were acclimatized to constrict the heat loss through outflowing moist drying air. The experiments were conducted up to the permissible water activity (0.4–0.6) under variable drying conditions (50–70°C). By raising the ambient inlet temperature (maximum 25.9°C), the developed solar FBD was able to supply the drying air up to 50°C (in continuous mode) and a maximum of up to 65°C without aiding any heat energy sources except solar. It was found that osmosonication opened up the possibility of reducing the required drying temperature (↓10°C) and energy consumption (up to ↓31.7%). The dried red chili was fortified by pretreatment, as it could retain more capsaicin (>6%) and reddishness (>5%) compared to untreated samples. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the structural integrity of pretreated samples. The relative humidity of the drying air could be reduced by as much as 5% using the composite lithium chloride and calcium chloride (35% + 5%) desiccant dehumidifier. Dehumidification of air was found advantageous, with an inclination to shorten the drying duration (about ↓0.5 h) and energy (↓12.43%).Practical ApplicationsThere are various commercially valuable unique agro‐products that are exclusively being produced in rural areas. The inaccessibility of relevant drying technology and inconsistency of grid electricity are the main constraints in the value addition of those products. Open sun drying is most popular in rural areas; however, it is not reliable, and the product quality can't maintain. The developed solar‐assisted fluidized bed dryer utilizing dehumidifying air and integrated with osmosonication pretreatment could be a relevant technology for drying heat and moisture‐sensitive products like spices. Cost‐effective drying using locally accessible solar energy compared to open sun drying and superior dried product quality can be achieved by using the current drying system.
Neuroprotective effect of short‐chain fatty acids against oxidative stress‐induced SH‐SY5Y injury via GPR43‐dependent pathway
Authors: Saikachain Nongluk , Sungkaworn Titiwat , Muanprasat Chatchai , Asavapanumas Nithi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA neurodegenerative disorder is a condition that causes a degeneration of neurons in the central nervous system, leading to cognitive impairment and movement disorders. An accumulation of oxidative stress in neurons contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Over the past few years, several studies have suggested that short‐chain fatty acids, metabolites of the gut microbiota, might have a beneficial effect in neurodegenerative disorders. A G protein‐coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) plays an important role in modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in several tissues. Interestingly, the downstream signaling pathways activated by GPR43 to modulate oxidative stress differ among tissues. Moreover, the cellular mechanisms underlying GPR43 activation in neuronal cells to handle oxidative stress remain unclear. In this present study, we tested the role of GPR43, which is activated by short‐chain fatty acids or a specific GPR43 agonist, in an oxidative stress‐induced neuronal cell line (SH‐SY5Y) injury. Our findings suggest that a combination of short‐chain fatty acids with a physiological function could protect neurons from H2O2‐induced cell damage. The effect of short‐chain fatty acids mixture was abolished by pretreatment with a GPR43 antagonist, indicating this protective effect is a GPR43‐dependent mechanism. In addition, a specific GPR43 agonist shows a similar result to that found in short‐chain fatty acids mixture. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the downstream activation of GPR43 to protect against oxidative stress‐induced neuronal injury is a biased Gq activation signaling of GPR43, which results in the prevention of H2O2‐induced neuronal apoptosis. In conclusion, our results show new insight into the cellular mechanism of GPR43 and its neuroprotective effect. Taken together, this newly discovered finding suggests that activation of the biased Gq signaling pathway of GPR43 might be a potential therapeutic target for aging‐related neurodegeneration.image
How to increase students' motivation to engage in university initiatives towards environmental sustainability
Authors: Juma‐Michilena Israel‐Javier , Ruiz‐Molina Maria‐Eugenia , Gil‐Saura Irene , Belda‐Miquel Sergio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNowadays, it is of vital importance to make students aware of the problems that can be generated by the deterioration of the environment. The purpose of this study is to establish a suitable mechanism to predict behavior and to investigate the actions that most motivate students to participate in sustainability activities both on and off campus. To achieve this objective, a sample of 1446 students from nine Latin American universities is analyzed using the CHAID algorithm as a segmentation technique. In this way, the aim is to identify the most relevant actions that allow students to be segmented according to their motivations. From a theoretical point of view, the effectiveness of this segmentation technique in the context of environmental sustainability is confirmed, and from a practical point of view, university managers are provided with guidelines on the most effective measures to motivate students to develop pro‐environmental behavior.
Dietary intakes of individuals with temporomandibular disorders: A comparative study
Authors: Aktaş Arda , Ilgaz Fatma , Serel Arslan Selen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThere are some studies regarding the potential effects of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) on food intake and eating habits, however the comparison of nutritional intakes and status of individuals with and without TMD have not been adequately reported. Thus, the study aimed to assess the dietary intakes of individuals with TMD, and investigate if there is a difference in nutritional intakes between healthy individuals with and without TMD.MethodsIndividuals were grouped as ‘study group (with TMD)’ versus ‘control group (no TMD)’ according to Fonseca Anamnestic Index. The Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) was used to assess oral health‐related quality of life. Chewing function was evaluated with the Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS). A 24‐h dietary recall method was used to measure daily dietary intakes of the participants, and daily energy, macro‐ and micronutrient intakes were calculated. In addition, all drinks and foods in dietary records were classified under a specific modification level as ‘Liquid‐blenderized’, ‘Minced‐moist & soft’ and ‘Easy‐to chew & regular solid foods’.ResultsThe participants in the study group (30 participants) had higher OHIP‐14 score (p < .01) than control group (30 participants). According to TOMASS, number of bites (p = .003) and total time (p = .007) were both higher in the study group than control group. There was no difference in the number of chewing cycles (p = .100) and number of swallowing (p = .764) between groups. No difference was detected between groups in terms of energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat intake. There was no significant difference between groups in mean percentage of energy and macronutrient intakes from modified and regular food textures (p > .05).ConclusionThis study showed that there was no difference between individuals with and without TMD in terms of dietary intakes. The study results suggest that nutritional status of individuals with TMD is similar with healthy individuals without TMD.