bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0076 Resilience to Acute Sleep Loss When Learning Organic Chemistry
Authors: Suarez Andrea Castillo , Barley Blake , Nickel Allison , Gao Chenlu , Scullin Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Short sleep is often associated with worse academic outcomes, but it remains unknown whether this relationship is causal. In addition, many students perceive that cutting back on sleep is necessary for successful performance in rigorous and intimidating courses, such as organic chemistry. In the current work, we experimentally tested whether acute sleep restriction affected organic chemistry learning outcomes.

Methods
Participants were 60 undergraduate students who had not previously taken organic chemistry. They maintained a sleep diary for seven days and then completed an overnight session that included polysomnography (PSG) monitoring. Participants were randomly assigned to go to bed at either 10:30pm (normal sleep) or 1:30am (sleep restriction). The next morning, all participants were woken up at approximately 7am and completed a virtual lecture on organic chemistry. In one segment, the lecture was self-paced; in the other segment, the lecture was set to advance automatically at a speeded pace. Following the lecture, participants completed a 50-item test over the studied material.

Results
The conditions were similar in age, gender, race/ethnicity, chemistry intimidation, chronotype, prior sleep, and fluid intelligence (ps &gt; .30). The bedtime manipulation successfully decreased total sleep time from 454.10 (47.90) minutes to 300.93 (37.23) minutes (p&lt;.001), by decreasing time spent in REM and N2 (ps&lt;.01; no changes to N1 or N3, ps&gt;.05). Sleep restriction significantly altered stress levels during the test (p&lt;.05), but not test performance (p&gt;.10). Organic chemistry test performance was lower after a speeded lecture than a self-paced lecture, F(1, 57) = 15.649, p &lt; .001, though this pattern did not interact with sleep condition (ps&gt;.10). Students who were more intimidated by chemistry (at baseline) performed more poorly on the speeded section (r=-.36, p&lt;.01), but just as well on the self-paced section (r=-.09, p=.51), and these patterns were not moderated by sleep duration.

Conclusion
Students who are intimidated by organic chemistry learning can overcome these barriers via self-paced learning, even when they have been acutely sleep restricted.

Support (if any)
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (1943323 and 1920730).
0077 Sleep and Imagination: Poor Sleep Quality is Associated with More Complex and More Goal-Directed Imaginations
Authors: Barley Blake , Clay John , Vargas Ivan , Scullin Michael , Zabelina Darya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The relationship between sleep and creativity is complex. Typically, better sleep quality and greater sleep quantity is associated with better cognitive functioning. Despite this general rule, people who demonstrate higher than average levels of creativity are more likely to report worse sleep quality and more insomnia symptoms. The current work investigated sleep health in relation to precursors to creativity: imagination frequency, emotion, complexity, and goal-directedness.

Methods
Two hundred and thirty-seven undergraduate student participants completed demographic questionnaires and self-report measures of imagination (Four-Factor Imagination Scale), sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index; Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test).

Results
Individuals with low sleep quality/quantity, higher insomnia severity, and higher levels of sleep reactivity were those with the most complex imaginations (i.e., imaginations that are rich in details). These associations were generally stronger in female participants than male participants. Furthermore, individuals with higher sleep reactivity also demonstrated more goal-directed imagination (e.g., daydreams have clear goals/outcomes, involve planning the future). Frequency and emotional valence of imaginations were unrelated to sleep measures.

Conclusion
Individuals, and particularly females, with more complex and goal-directed imaginations were more likely to experience worse sleep quality. These findings aligned with the theoretical view that diminished inhibitory control (resulting from poor sleep) can benefit some aspects of creative thinking. Experimental work is needed to determine the causal direction of sleep—imagination associations.

Support (if any)
National Science Foundation (1920730).
0081 The impact of sleep deficiency on spatial working and long-term memory in different rat models of sleep deprivation
Authors: Guzeev Mikhail , Chernyshev Mikhail , Ekimova Irina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
A pressing issue in modern society, lack of sleep has detrimental health consequences, among which cognitive dysfunctions attract great attention. Although there is consensus about the harmful effects of insufficient sleep on vigilance and attention, there is still a debate about memory susceptibility to acute and chronic sleep deprivation. Which types of memory are more vulnerable remains unclear. We studied the susceptibility of spatial working and long-term memory to acute and chronic sleep deprivation in rats.

Methods
Male Wistar rats were deprived of sleep (SD) by placing cages on an orbital shaker. Animals were subjected to three patterns of SD: 1) acute SD (ASD) — continuous SD for 18 hours; 2) short sleep restriction (SSR) —cycles of 3-hour SD followed by 1 hour of sleep opportunity over 24 hours, with a total SD duration of 18 hours; 3) chronic sleep restriction (CSR) — SSR for 5 consecutive days. For each SD protocol, working spatial memory was assessed with the spontaneous alternation test in the Y-maze. Learning and long-term spatial memory were assessed in the Barnes maze test.

Results
ASD impaired spatial working memory, as assessed by spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze test, and decreased the level of locomotion/exploration (assessed by the number of arm entries). However, in SSR and CSR, 1-hour alternating sleep opportunities allowed for preventing working memory loss. The Barnes maze test demonstrated no changes in learning or spatial long-term memory under any tested SD conditions.

Conclusion
The results suggest that spatial working memory is the most vulnerable to continuous sleep loss. Even under a 5-day chronic sleep restriction, the negative effect disappears if rats are allowed to sleep during intermittent 1-hour intervals. It indicates the great importance of short sleep intervals that protect memory against sustained sleep restriction. The resilience of long-term memory to any of the tested sleep deprivation conditions implies that short-term and long-term memory systems diverge in their susceptibility to sleep deficiency.

Support (if any)
State assignment to the Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry; theme reg. no. АААА-А18-118012290427-7.
0082 The Role of Sleep Duration and Daytime Sleepiness on Neurocognitive Functioning
Authors: Soto Pablo , Peck Edward 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Studies examining the impact of sleep on neurocognitive functioning have broadly found that poor sleep and daytime sleepiness manifest in poorer performance on tasks involving attention, concentration, memory, reasoning and thinking. Given the expansive nature of neurocognition, the current study assessed the role of sleep duration and daytime sleepiness broadly on overall neurocognitive functioning as well as more specifically on executive functioning when controlling for age and gender identity. We hypothesized that both sleep duration and reported daytime sleepiness would be associated with a lower neurocognitive status and poorer executive functioning as observed through computerized assessment.

Methods
Participants included 148 (50.7% male; µage=34.58) patients who presented to a Neuropsychological practice for the assessment of ADHD through a structured assessment battery. All patients completed a multi-component computerized assessment of overall neurocognitive status (CNS Vital Signs) and pen-and-paper questionnaires targeting the subjective reporting of sleep duration (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale). Two separate multiple regressions were run to determine the association of sleep duration and daytime sleepiness to overall neurocognitive status and executive functioning abilities when controlling for age and gender identity of patients.

Results
The full model demonstrated that when considered together sleep duration and daytime sleepiness significantly aided in the prediction of neurocognitive status, F(4,143)=3.81, p=.006, R2 =.096, and executive functioning abilities, F(4,143)=3.90, p=.005, R2 =.098, of patients when controlling for age and gender identity. Of note, only daytime sleepiness was a statistically significant sleep predictor of both neurocognitive status (β=-.172, p=.035) and executive function (β=-.197, p=.016).

Conclusion
Broadly, these findings suggest that sleep is an important predictor of neurocognitive functioning. Within the clinical field, these results support the inclusion of sleep measurement, whether objective or subjective, during the assessment of neurocognitive functioning to better account for the role played by sleep on patient performance. To this end, it would be beneficial to assess a greater range of sleep factors and how they may be associated with the various neurocognitive domains.

Support (if any)
0085 Peripheral glucose metabolism bidirectionally modulates sleep in a model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Carroll Caitlin , Constantino Nicholas , Irmen Riley , Snipes J Andy , Benca Ruth , Macauley Shannon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Metabolic impairments and sleep disruptions are both recognized as modifiable risk factors in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A bidirectional relationship exists between sleep and AD where pathology can disrupt sleep, but sleep disturbances can also increase AD-related pathology. This results in a feed-forward cycle of disease progression and further sleep impairments. Sleep fragmentation and poor sleep quality can also cause glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. However, it remains unclear if peripheral metabolic dysfunction alone can impair sleep, particularly in the context of AD-related pathology. Therefore, the goal of this study was to establish mechanisms connecting peripheral metabolic and sleep disruptions and identify potential therapeutic targets for mitigating AD risk.

Methods
We implanted biosensors measuring interstitial fluid (ISF) levels of glucose and lactate, biomarkers of cerebral metabolism and neuronal activity, respectively, directly into the hippocampus of wildtype and APP/PS1 mice, a model of amyloid-beta (Aβ) overexpression. Biosensors were paired with cortical EEG and EMG recordings for simultaneous sleep/wake analysis. To understand the relationship between metabolic dysfunction and sleep, we altered the peripheral metabolic environment using two paradigms: an acute high-fat, high-sugar diet (HF/HSD) and a pharmacological metabolic rescue.

Results
We found short-term HF/HSD exposure was sufficient to disrupt ISF glucose and lactate diurnal rhythms, independent of changes to pathology burden. Moreover, we found significant sleep disruptions, particularly decreased delta power, indicating slow wave sleep impairments. These findings were exacerbated in mice with Aβ pathology who have disrupted metabolic and sleep functioning at baseline. Conversely, we found normalizing peripheral glucose tolerance in mice with Aβ pathology was sufficient to rescue impaired ISF glucose and lactate rhythms. We also saw a restoration of normal sleep-wake patterns, specifically within slow wave activity.

Conclusion
We found modulating peripheral glucose metabolism can bidirectionally alter sleep, particularly slow wave sleep, independent of changes in Aβ burden. This indicates sleep as a mediator in the relationship between metabolic impairments and AD pathophysiology. While impaired sleep increases AD risk, improved sleep slows pathology accumulation. Therefore, this study demonstrates targeting peripheral glucose regulation is a potential avenue for early AD intervention and risk mitigation.

Support (if any)
F31-AG066302, R01-AG068330, P30-AG072947
0086 Good quality sleep facilitates psychomotor learning via fast spindles among older adults
Authors: Akhtar Nasreen , Soni Rishabh , Chakrawarty Avinash , Kaloiya Gauri Shankar , Garfield Victoria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep spindles are neural oscillations of frequency between 11 to 16 Hz during non rapid eye movement sleep. They are coordinated with hippocampal ripples and slow oscillations to facilitate memory consolidation by modulating synaptic plasticity. Fast spindles, predominant in central and parietal derivations of EEG during Stage 2 NREM sleep, are associated with overnight visuomotor skills enhancement, especially in the later part of the night. The relationship between fast and slow spindles during sleep and psychomotor ability has not been characterized well, particularly in older adults. The objective of this study was to study the relationship between sleep microstructure during various stages of sleep and cognition in good and poor sleepers.

Methods
This is a cross sectional observational study conducted on 16 male participants (age 63.6 ± 5.22 years). Good (n=9) and poor sleepers (n=7) were classified on the basis of PSQI score (&lt;=5 is good). Overnight polysomnography was done and ICMR-NCTB battery was administered for assessment of cognition. In DOMINO software, after visual artifact removal, spindles were analyzed by selecting 11 - 12.99 Hz (slow) in F4, and 13 -16 Hz (fast) in C2. Statistical analysis was done using GraphPad prism (v 9.4.1).

Results
Fast spindle index in N2 (good sleeper: r = -0.850, p = 0.006; poor sleeper: r = 0.398, p = 0.466), fast spindle density in N2 (good sleeper: r = -0.870, p = 0.004; poor sleeper: r = -0.331, p = 0.468), total fast spindle number during deep sleep (good sleeper: r = -0.600, p = 0.031; poor sleeper: r = -0.244, p = 0.599), and total slow spindle density (good sleeper: r = -0.833, p = 0.025; poor sleeper: r = -0.080, p = 0.865) were found to be negatively correlated with psychomotor ability assessed by trail making test.

Conclusion
Among older adults, good sleepers, as compared to poor sleepers overall have a higher fast spindle index and density during N2 sleep and there is significant correlation with better psychomotor ability.

Support (if any)
All India Institute of Medical Sciences and University College of London Collaborative Grant (AIIMS-UCL 12)
0097 Sleep and Eating Rhythms are Associated with Metabolic Risk in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Thomas Matthew , Kern Philip , Sears Dorothy , Pendergast Julie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Postmenopausal women are particularly vulnerable to metabolic dysfunction. Compelling evidence suggests that this is due to their lacking the protective effect of estrogens. We have shown that circulating estrogens regulate daily eating and sleep-activity rhythms in female mice and protect them from obesity and diabetes. However, few studies have investigated whether postmenopausal women have disrupted eating and sleep-activity rhythms that could contribute to their metabolic dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between eating rhythms, sleep, and metabolic risk in postmenopausal women.

Methods
During 7 days, we studied sedentary, postmenopausal women who were not taking hormones (estrogens ± progestin) and were metabolically unhealthy, defined as prediabetic or normal glucose tolerance with at least 1 feature of the metabolic syndrome. Women taking medications affecting sleep or eating were excluded. Sleep timing and quality were assessed by actigraphy and sleep logs. Times of first and last meals were collected from participants with a texting system. Body composition (DXA), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were collected as markers of obesity. Lipid metabolism and glycemic control were assessed by fasting lipid panel and HbA1c as well as oral glucose tolerance test.

Results
Eighteen postmenopausal women (mean ± SEM; 57.2 ± 1.1 years) participated in the study. Both sleep timing and quality were associated with metabolic risk in postmenopausal women. Specifically, later timing of sleep onset was associated with later meal timing and greater BMI and body fat percentage. Increased sleep fragmentation was associated with reduced HDL. In addition, both the timing and duration of eating were associated with worse metabolic measures. Longer eating duration was associated with larger waist circumference. Later eating time was associated with greater waist circumference and BMI.

Conclusion
We found that late timing and poor quality of sleep, as well as long eating duration, are associated with markers of metabolic risk in postmenopausal women. These data suggest that interventions that reduce eating duration and advance the timing of last meal and sleep onset may improve metabolic risk in postmenopausal women.

Support (if any)
This study is supported by NIH awards R01DK124774, T32 AG078110, and UL1TR001998.
0100 Developmental trajectories of SWA and ORP since childhood in young adults: association with psychiatric/behavioral disorders
Authors: Fernandez-Mendoza Julio , Isely Alexis , He Fan , Fang Jidong , Calhoun Susan , Liao Jason , Vgontzas Alexandros , Liao Duanping , Bixler Edward , Ricci Anna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Declines in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow wave activity (SWA) in the transition to adolescence are indicative of brain maturational changes that parallel a decline in sleep depth, as measured by the novel sleep EEG biomarker odds ratio product (ORP). However, these developmental trajectories and their psychiatric/behavioral associations have lacked replication across multiple time points during the lifespan.

Methods
We determined the developmental trajectories (median follow-up 15y) of SWA and ORP among 150 participants from the Penn State Child Cohort studied in childhood (median age 9y) through adolescence (median age 16y) into young adulthood (median age 24y). Discrete mixture models for clustering of longitudinal data series was used to compute the probability of a subject belonging to mutually-exclusive 2 or 3 trajectory groups, which were selected based on Bayesian and Akaike Information Criteria. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used to compare the proportion of subjects with psychiatric/behavioral disorders across the three developmental trajectories in each sleep EEG biomarker.

Results
Age-related declines in SWA were observed across two developmental groups, of which one followed a cubic trajectory and one a linear trajectory. This decline in SWA was coupled with age-related increases in ORP across three developmental groups, two of which were quadratic and one was linear. Compared to the shallowest trajectories, the SWA and ORP trajectories with the greatest slopes in the transition to young adulthood had a significantly higher proportion of participants with a history of psychiatric/behavioral disorders (78.6% vs. 53.2% and 80.0% vs. 50.7%, respectively, both p&lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Our novel data provide replication for the maturational trajectories of SWA and ORP by including time points across three distinct developmental stages, including young adulthood. Also, our data provide evidence linking the developmental trajectories of SWA and ORP with psychopathology. Young adults with psychiatric/behavioral disorders are associated with a steeper developmental decline in sleep intensity (SWA) and sleep depth (ORP) after adolescence.

Support (if any)
National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, R01MH118308, UL1TR000127)
0102 Are there associations between intraindividual variability in sleep and mental health among adolescents reporting alcohol use?
Authors: Kwon Misol , Seo Young , Hasler Brant 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Considering the increasing number of studies that report on ecological momentary assessment by uses of sleep diary and actigraphy, it may also be valuable to consider the relationship between fluctuations that exists in sleep measures on adolescent health outcomes. Above the impact of mean sleep measures, intraindividual variability (IIV) in sleep provides information on the degree to which daily variations or fluctuations in sleep/wake patterns are occurring and may prompt important cues to adolescents’ health outcome. The present study examined the objective IIV in sleep and its relationship to their sleep and mental health outcomes among adolescents with history of alcohol use.

Methods
The study analyzed 8 days of wrist actigraphy data from 72 high school students reporting prior alcohol use (58.3% female; mean age 17.0 years). Bayesian variability method using varian (R package) was performed to calculate IIV in total sleep time (TST), time in bed (TIB), midpoint sleep, bedtime, and risetime. Participants also completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ), Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-SR-30), Chapman’s Inventories – Social Anhedonia (CHAPSAS), and Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI). Multiple linear regression models were adjusted for biological sex, age, and the sum of alcohol drinks in the past 3 months.

Results
Participants reported average of 18.52 (SD=23.10) total drinks consumed over the past 3 months. IIV in TST, TIB, and risetime were associated with lower sleep quality (B=3.04, 95% CI, 0.02, 7.39, p&lt; 0.05 for IIV in TST; B=2.87, 95% CI, 0.39, 5.88, p&lt; 0.05 for IIV in TIB; and B=2.74, 95% CI, 0.57, 6.19, p&lt; 0.05 for IIV in risetime, respectively). There was no statistically significant association between IIV of sleep measures and excessive daytime sleepiness or mental health outcomes such as social anhedonia, depressive symptoms, and problematic alcohol use.

Conclusion
Greater fluctuation in TST, TIB, and risetime were negatively associated with overall sleep quality. Our findings add to a growing body of research on IIV in sleep/wake patterns and clinical implications. Future studies should explore the prospective relationship between variability in sleep and other various health outcomes.

Support (if any)
NIH/NIAAA R01AA025626 (Hasler); Sleep Research Society Foundation Mentor-Mentee Award (Kwon)