bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a continuous spatiotemporal finite element-based representation of the mean sea surface
Authors: Borlinghaus Moritz , Neyers Christian , Brockmann Jan Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mean sea surface (MSS) has an important role, both, in the calculation of the mean dynamic topography and in the area of sea-level change as a reference surface. This paper presents a new approach to estimate a continuous spatiotemporal MSS from along-track altimetric sea surface height measurements. A parametric function continuously defined in the spatial as well as temporal domain is constructed from a $$C^1$$

C
1

-smooth finite element space to represent the MSS. Least-squares observation equations are set up, to estimate the unknown scaling coefficients from the sea surface height measurements as collected by altimetric exact repeat missions and geodetic missions. An advantage of the proposed method is that the surface is represented by an analytic model and the unknown parameters can be physically interpreted. Whereas the static component of the function represents the MSS, the temporal component is used to absorb the ocean variability. Within this initial study, 10 years of satellite altimetry over the period 2010–2019 are analyzed in a small study region around the Agulhas Current. To obtain the best possible data coverage, all missions available via AVISO, which provide data in the study region and period, are included, i.e., geodetic missions and mission phases as well as exact repeat missions. Besides the static MSS, the temporal component, which is co-estimated to absorb the dominating ocean variability, is modeled with different basis functions to study their performance. On the one hand, global basis functions considering a linear trend and periodic functions are compared with B-Spline basis functions. The comparison of the static component to the global CNES_CLS15 MSS shows a reasonable agreement with a root-mean-square error in the range of 1–4 cm for the well-suited model configurations. To validate the modeling approach and the different analyzed configurations, the temporal model component is compared to gridded sea-level anomaly products. Although it is not (yet) a target quantity, the analysis can serve as a quality check of the MSS and the proposed modeling approach as well. It is shown that in regions with relatively low ocean variability the combination of a linear trend with an annual period is well suited to model the dominant temporal signal, whereas it is not sufficient in regions with strong ocean variability, e.g., close to the Agulhas Current. In those regions, the scenario which utilizes B-Splines in the temporal domain performs significantly better. In general, it is demonstrated that the proposed approach can be an alternative to the well-established MSS estimation procedures.
Liquid-phase microextraction of aromatic amines: hollow fiber–liquid-phase microextraction and parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction comparison
Authors: Lorenzo-Parodi Nerea , Kaziur-Cegla Wiebke , Gjelstad Astrid , Schmidt Torsten C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aromatic amines (AA) are carcinogenic compounds that can enter the human body through many sources, one of the most important being tobacco smoke. They are excreted with the urine, from which they can be extracted and measured. To that end, hollow fiber-liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME) were optimized for the analysis of representative aromatic amines, as alternatives to liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). Relevant extraction parameters, namely organic solvent, extraction time, agitation speed, and acceptor solution pH, were studied, and the two optimized techniques—HF-LPME: dihexyl ether, 45 min, 250 rpm, and pH 1; PALME: undecane, 20 min, 250 rpm and pH 1—were compared. Comparison of the optimized methods showed that significantly higher recoveries could be obtained with PALME than with HF-LPME. Therefore, PALME was further validated. The results were successful for nine different AA, with regression coefficients (R2) of at least 0.991, limits of detection (LOD) of 45–75 ng/L, and repeatability and peak area relative standard deviations (RSD) below 20%. Furthermore, two urine samples from smokers were measured as proof of concept, and 2-methylaniline was successfully quantified in one of them. These results show that PALME is a great green alternative to LLE. Not only does it use much smaller volumes of toxic organic solvents, and sample—enabling the study of samples with limited available volumes—but it is also less time consuming and labor intensive, and it can be automated.
Graphical Abstract
Development and application of Adverse drug reactions reports QUality Algorithm (AQUA-12) score: a single-centre quality improvement initiative
Authors: Aung Ar Kar , Zubrinich Celia M. , Goh Michelle S. Y. , Snyder Benjamin , Tang Mei Jie , Khu Cindy Y. L. , Lee Jennifer I. , Graudins Linda V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To develop a reliable assessment tool to monitor the quality of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports and evaluate its performance within a quaternary hospital setting.

Methods
Adverse drug reactions report QUality Algorithm (AQUA-12) was developed by a multidisciplinary team with the expertise in the management of ADRs. The design was based on data elements required to establish medication causality. Inter-rater reliability of AQUA-12 was evaluated over three rounds in two phases: development and prospective evaluation phases, by independent assessors both internal and external to the institutional ADR review processes. The characteristics and quality of ADR reports were subsequently assessed, and potential factors contributing to low-quality reports were identified.

Results
A total of 70 ADR reports were assessed, 20 in development and 50 in evaluation phases. The inter-rater reliability of AQUA-12 was found to be excellent in all three rounds (Cronbach’s alpha of ≥ 0.9, p < 0.001 for all). Approximately one in five reports concerned immediate hypersensitivity reactions while delayed hypersensitivity reactions constituted 60% of all reactions. AQUA-12 identified 18 (25.7%) reports as ‘low-quality’ with a score of < 10. Identification of suspected medications (37.1%), description of index ADR (27.1%), and key events (ADR narrative, 35.7%) were the top data elements incomplete or missing from all reports. Univariable analyses identified the severity of the reaction as a factor associated with low quality of reports (p = 0.008).

Conclusions
AQUA-12 is a practical and highly reliable assessment tool that can be utilised in hospital settings to regularly monitor the completeness of ADR reports to guide quality improvement initiatives.
Prediction of CYP2D6 poor metabolizers by measurements of solanidine and metabolites—a study in 839 patients with known CYP2D6 genotype
Authors: Wollmann Birgit M. , Størset Elisabet , Kringen Marianne Kristiansen , Molden Espen , Smith Robert L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Poor metabolizers (PMs) of the highly polymorphic enzyme CYP2D6 are usually at high risk of adverse effects during standard recommended dosing of CYP2D6-metabolized drugs. We studied if the metabolism of solanidine, a dietary compound found in potatoes, could serve as a biomarker predicting the CYP2D6 PM phenotype for precision dosing.

Methods
The study included 839 CYP2D6-genotyped patients who were randomized by a 4:1 ratio into test or validation cohorts. Full-scan high-resolution mass spectrometry data files of previously analyzed serum samples were reprocessed for identification and quantification of solanidine and seven metabolites. Metabolite-to-solanidine ratios (MRs) of the various solanidine metabolites were calculated prior to performing receiver operator characteristic (ROC) and multiple linear regression analyses on the test cohort. The MR thresholds obtained from the ROC analyses were tested for the prediction of CYP2D6 PMs in the validation cohort.

Results
In the test cohort, the M414-to-solanidine MR attained the highest sensitivity and specificity parameters from the ROC analyses (0.98 and 1.00) and highest explained variance from the linear models (R2 = 0.68). Below these thresholds, CYP2D6 PM predictions were tested in the validation cohort providing positive and negative predictive values of 100% for the MR of M414, while similar values for the other MRs ranged from 20.5 to 73.3% and 96.7 to 99.3%, respectively.

Conclusion
The M414-to-solanidine MR is an excellent predictor of the CYP2D6 PM phenotype. By measuring solanidine and metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in patient serum samples, CYP2D6 PMs can easily be identified, hence facilitating the implementation of precision dosing in clinical practice.
Fibroblast activation protein-targeted radionuclide therapy: background, opportunities, and challenges of first (pre)clinical studies
Authors: Privé Bastiaan M. , Boussihmad Mohamed A. , Timmermans Bart , van Gemert Willemijn A. , Peters Steffie M. B. , Derks Yvonne H. W. , van Lith Sanne A. M. , Mehra Niven , Nagarajah James , Heskamp Sandra , Westdorp Harm 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly overexpressed in stromal tissue of various cancers. While FAP has been recognized as a potential diagnostic or therapeutic cancer target for decades, the surge of radiolabeled FAP-targeting molecules has the potential to revolutionize its perspective. It is presently hypothesized that FAP targeted radioligand therapy (TRT) may become a novel treatment for various types of cancer. To date, several preclinical and case series have been reported on FAP TRT using varying compounds and showing effective and tolerant results in advanced cancer patients. Here, we review the current (pre)clinical data on FAP TRT and discuss its perspective towards broader clinical implementation.

Methods
A PubMed search was performed to identify all FAP tracers used for TRT. Both preclinical and clinical studies were included if they reported on dosimetry, treatment response or adverse events. The last search was performed on July 22 2022. In addition, a database search was performed on clinical trial registries (date 15th of July 2022) to search for prospective trials
on FAP TRT.

Results
In total, 35 papers were identified that were related to FAP TRT. This resulted in the inclusion of the following tracers for review: FAPI-04, FAPI-46, FAP-2286, SA.FAP, ND-bisFAPI, PNT6555, TEFAPI-06/07, FAPI-C12/C16, and FSDD.

Conclusion
To date, data was reported on more than 100 patients that were treated with different FAP targeted radionuclide therapies such as [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04, [90Y]Y-FAPI-46, [177Lu]Lu-FAP-2286, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA.SA.FAPI
and [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2. In these studies, FAP targeted radionuclide therapy has resulted in objective responses in difficult to treat end stage cancer patients with manageable adverse events. Although no prospective data is yet available, these early data encourages further research.
A machine learning tool to improve prediction of mediastinal lymph node metastases in non-small cell lung cancer using routinely obtainable [18F]FDG-PET/CT parameters
Authors: Rogasch Julian M. M. , Michaels Liza , Baumgärtner Georg L. , Frost Nikolaj , Rückert Jens-Carsten , Neudecker Jens , Ochsenreither Sebastian , Gerhold Manuela , Schmidt Bernd , Schneider Paul , Amthauer Holger , Furth Christian , Penzkofer Tobias 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accuracy of [18F]FDG-PET/CT for pretherapeutic lymph node (LN) staging is limited by false positive findings. Our aim was to evaluate machine learning with routinely obtainable variables to improve accuracy over standard visual image assessment.

Methods
Monocentric retrospective analysis of pretherapeutic [18F]FDG-PET/CT in 491 consecutive patients with NSCLC using an analog PET/CT scanner (training + test cohort, n = 385) or digital scanner (validation, n = 106). Forty clinical variables, tumor characteristics, and image variables (e.g., primary tumor and LN SUVmax and size) were collected. Different combinations of machine learning methods for feature selection and classification of N0/1 vs. N2/3 disease were compared. Ten-fold nested cross-validation was used to derive the mean area under the ROC curve of the ten test folds (“test AUC”) and AUC in the validation cohort. Reference standard was the final N stage from interdisciplinary consensus (histological results for N2/3 LNs in 96%).

Results
N2/3 disease was present in 190 patients (39%; training + test, 37%; validation, 46%; p = 0.09). A gradient boosting classifier (GBM) with 10 features was selected as the final model based on test AUC of 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.87–0.94). Validation AUC was 0.94 (0.89–0.98). At a target sensitivity of approx. 90%, test/validation accuracy of the GBM was 0.78/0.87. This was significantly higher than the accuracy based on “mediastinal LN uptake > mediastinum” (0.7/0.75; each p < 0.05) or combined PET/CT criteria (PET positive and/or LN short axis diameter > 10 mm; 0.68/0.75; each p < 0.001). Harmonization of PET images between the two scanners affected SUVmax and visual assessment of the LNs but did not diminish the AUC of the GBM.

Conclusions
A machine learning model based on routinely available variables from [18F]FDG-PET/CT improved accuracy in mediastinal LN staging compared to established visual assessment criteria. A web application implementing this model was made available.
Litigation Cases After Post-Bariatric Surgery: Lesson from the Past
Authors: Facchin Federico , Pagani Andrea , Perozzo Filippo Andrea Giovanni , Scarpa Carlotta , Bassetto Franco , Vindigni Vincenzo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Due to the high demand of post-bariatric surgeries, the number of litigation cases is rapidly growing. Even if surgical mistakes still represent one of the main causes of medico-legal issues, many disputes depend on what happens in the post-operative course. In this article we analyzed the litigation cases that occurred in our Plastic Surgery Department, the current literature about medico-legal disputes and the importance of the doctor–patient relationship.

Patients and methods
The medical records of 788 post-bariatric surgeries, the post-operative complications and the related litigation cases from January 2015 to December 2019 were collected, analyzed and compared.

Results
We performed 380 abdominoplasties, 28 torsoplasties, 65 breast reductions, 99 mastopexies, 94 brachioplasties, 52 thighplasties, 65 liposuctions and 5 facelifts between 2015 and 2019. Eight patients complained of medical issues and claimed for litigation. Despite in all cases the judges highlighted the risk of consent misinterpretation, the payout was granted only in one case.

Conclusion
Post-bariatric patients often mistake their preoperative condition and consider body contouring procedures as an aesthetic surgery treatment. Patients should be therefore clearly informed about the complexity of body contouring procedures after massive weight loss, which should never be compared to aesthetic surgery. Surgeons should always promote the communication with their patients and build a strong and trustworthy relationship. This attitude will allow to deal more easily with complications and, in the worst situations, with medico-legal litigations.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Impact of D2 Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer in the Era of Effective Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Yamagata Yukinori , Yoshikawa Takaki , Ishizu Kenichi , Tsutsui Mai , Wada Takeyuki , Hayashi Tsutomu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastrectomy with D2 dissection has been established as the standard procedure for locally advanced gastric cancer in the era of surgery alone. However, no consideration has been given to the efficacy of dissection in the era of effective adjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsThis study included 1298 advanced gastric cancer patients, consisting of 725 cases treated between January 2000 and December 2006 (Former group), and 573 cases treated between January 2007 and July 2015 (Latter group). Clinicopathological data were collected, survival and the therapeutic value index were determined.ResultsThe background characteristics were well balanced, except for age, tumor location, and intraoperative blood loss. The Latter group showed the following characteristics: an older population (p < 0.001), a frequent upper location (p = 0.008), and less blood loss (p < 0.001). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 75.2% of the Latter group and was 9.4% in the Former group. The 5‐year overall survival rate of the Latter group was 75.7% (95% confidence interval: 71.7–79.1), significantly better than that of the Former group (70.0%, 95% confidence interval: 66.5–73.2) (p = 0.025). Improvement in the index from the Former group was observed in the Latter group at almost all stations. The ratio of the index between these two groups was 1.09 at the D1 station and 1.19 at the D2 station.ConclusionThe therapeutic value index was improved in all nodal stations by S‐1 adjuvant chemotherapy, regardless of whether the D1 or D2 nodes were involved. D2 gastrectomy would be still important for locally advanced gastric cancer in the era of effective adjuvant chemotherapy.
Preliminary evaluation of dual-energy CT to quantitatively assess bone marrow edema in patients with diabetic foot ulcers and suspected osteomyelitis
Authors: Mens M. A. , de Geus A. , Wellenberg R. H. H. , Streekstra G. J. , Weil N. L. , Bus S. A. , Busch-Westbroek T. E. , Nieuwdorp M. , Maas M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of dual-energy CT (DECT) with virtual non-calcium (VNCa) in quantitatively assessing the presence of bone marrow edema (BME) in patients with diabetic foot ulcers and suspected osteomyelitis.

Methods
Patients with a diabetic foot ulcer and suspected osteomyelitis that underwent DECT (80 kVp/Sn150 kVp) with VNCa were retrospectively included. Two observers independently measured CT values of the bone adjacent to the ulcer and a reference bone not related to the ulcer. The patients were divided into two clinical groups, osteomyelitis or no-osteomyelitis, based on the final diagnosis by the treating physicians.

Results
A total of 56 foot ulcers were identified of which 23 were included in the osteomyelitis group. The mean CT value at the ulcer location was significantly higher in the osteomyelitis group (− 17.23 ± 34.96 HU) compared to the no-osteomyelitis group (− 69.34 ± 49.40 HU; p < 0.001). Within the osteomyelitis group, the difference between affected bone and reference bone was statistically significant (p < 0.001), which was not the case in the group without osteomyelitis (p = 0.052). The observer agreement was good for affected bone measurements (ICC = 0.858) and moderate for reference bone measurements (ICC = 0.675). With a cut-off value of − 40.1 HU, sensitivity was 87.0%, specificity was 72.7%, PPV was 69.0%, and NPV was 88.9%.

Conclusion
DECT with VNCa has a potential value for quantitatively assessing the presence of BME in patients with diabetic foot ulcers and suspected osteomyelitis.

Key Points
• Dual-energy CT (DECT) with virtual non-calcium (VNCa) is promising for detecting bone marrow edema in the case of diabetic foot ulcers with suspected osteomyelitis.
• DECT with VNCa has the potential to become a more practical alternative to MRI in assessing the presence of bone marrow edema in suspected osteomyelitis when radiographs are not sufficient to form a diagnosis.
Effect of reduced-calcium and high-calcium cheddar cheese consumption on the excretion of faecal fat: a 2-week cross-over dietary intervention study
Authors: Feeney Emma L. , Daly Aisling , Dunne Simone , Dible Victoria , Barron Rebecca , Seratlic Sanja , Jacquier J. C. , O’Sullivan Michael , Beresford Tom , Jensen Søren Krogh , Gibney Eileen R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Studies show that dairy fat consumed in the form of cheese reduce LDL-cholesterol concentration (LDL-c) compared to butter and mechanistic suggestions include the calcium content of cheese leading to enhanced faecal fat excretion. The aim of this study was to test the effect of varying the calcium content within a cheese, on faecal fat excretion as a primary outcome, and blood lipid markers, fasting glucose and calcium excretion as secondary outcomes.

Methods
7 healthy males (BMI 18–25) participated in this randomized, cross-over control intervention, of 3 × 2 week periods. Diets contained 240 g/day cheese; a High Calcium Cheese (HCC) diet, a Reduced Calcium Cheese (RCC) diet, and a control arm: Reduced Calcium Cheese + CaCO3 Supplement (RCC + Supp) diet. Diets differed in calcium content and form but were otherwise controlled for energy and key macronutrients. Blood and 5-day faecal samples were collected.

Results
There was no significant difference in faecal fat excretion (g/day) between the diets (P = 0.066). Percent fat of faecel excretion was higher after RCC + Supp (P = 0.016). None of the individual fatty acids were different. Fasting LDL-c was significantly lower following the HCC diet vs. the other arms (P = 0.002). Faecal Ca was different across all diets (P = 0.001), lowest after RCC, and greatest after RCC + Supp. No differences were observed for fasting blood parameters or changes in anthropometry.

Conclusion
Varying the calcium content within a cheese matrix significantly affected fasting LDL-c values. Results did not support higher faecal fat excretion as an underlying mechanism, but the high attrition rate was a limitation.
Trial registerer Trial Registered at ISRCTN.org, registration number ISRCTN11663659 on 12.07.2022. Retrospectively registered.
Consequences of the lack of clinical forensic medicine in emergency departments
Authors: Cattaneo Cristina , Tambuzzi Stefano , De Vecchi Stefano , Maggioni Lidia , Costantino Giorgio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMost victims of physical violence sooner or later will access a hospital or medical cabinet because of that violence, and in particular emergency departments (EDs). This paper aims to analyze the performance of emergency ward clinicians in the forensic management of such victims by examining the activities carried out and the data reported. A total of 991 medical records were extrapolated from the database of the ED of the Policlinico of Milan in an average pre-pandemic 1-year activity. For each medical record, 16 parameters were analyzed in-depth including epidemiological data, information on the type of violent actions, injuries, and time between the infliction of the lesion and access to the ED. In the vast majority of cases, all the actions with medicolegal implications had been neglected by health professionals causing loss of data not only for the justice system but especially for correctly interpreting what happened and taking appropriate measures to protect the patient/victim. Hence, given that clinicians in EDs are busy with non-forensic clinical tasks (and rightly so), it should be ensured that there be specific forensic clinical personnel. However, it is crucial that when unfortunately there can be no forensic staff, at least the clinicians who work in the ED are properly trained to correctly apply essential medicolegal measures. Overall, timely and informed medical and forensic intervention is possible and necessary for the improvement and maintenance of the mental and physical health of victims of violence.