bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of potato Lipid transfer protein gene family and expression verification of drought genes StLTP1 and StLTP7
Authors: Wang Dan , Song Jian , Lin Tuanrong , Yin Yuhe , Mu Junxiang , Liu Shuancheng , Wang Yaqin , Kong Dejuan , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are widely distributed in plants and play an important role in the response to stress. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is sensitive to a lack of water, and drought stress is one of the limiting factors for its yield. Therefore, mining candidate functional genes for drought stress and creating new types of potato germplasm for drought resistance is an effective way to solve this problem. There are few reports on the LTP family in potato. In this study, 39 members of the potato LTP family were identified. They were located on seven chromosomes, and the amino acid sequences encoded ranged from 101 to 345 aa. All 39 family members contained introns and had exons that ranged from one to four. Conserved motif analysis of potato LTP transcription factors showed that 34 transcription factors contained Motif 2 and Motif 4, suggesting that they were conserved motifs of potato LTP. Compared with the LTP genes of homologous crops, the potato and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) LTPs were the mostly closely related. The StLTP1 and StLTP7 genes were screened by quantitative reverse transcription PCR combined with potato transcriptome data to study their expression in tissues and the characteristics of their responses to drought stress. The results showed that StLTP1 and StLTP7 were upregulated in the roots, stems, and leaves after PEG 6000 stress. Taken together, our study provides comprehensive information on the potato LTP family that will help to develop a framework for further functional studies.
Sensitivity of simulated frozen ground temperatures to different solar radiation and air temperature products—a case study in the Qilian Mountains in West China
Authors: Zhang Yanlin , Li Xin , Chang Xiaoli , Jin Huijun , Huang Anning , Liang Ji , Cheng Guodong , Wang Xin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDownward solar radiation (DSR) and air temperature (Ta) have significant influences on the thermal state of frozen ground. These parameters are also important forcing terms for physically based land surface models (LSMs). However, the quantitative influences of inaccuracies in DSR and Ta products on simulated frozen ground temperatures remain unclear. In this study, three DSR products (CMFD‐SR, Tang‐SR, and GLDAS‐SR) and two Ta products (CMFD‐Ta and GLDAS‐Ta) were used to force an LSM model in an alpine watershed in Northwest China, to investigate the sensitivity of simulated ground temperatures to different DSR and Ta products. Compared to a control model (CTRL) forced by in situ observed DSR, ground temperatures simulated by the experimental model forced by GLDAS‐SR are obviously decreased because GLDAS‐SR is much lower than in situ observations. Instead, simulation results in models forced by CMFD‐SR and Tang‐SR are much closer to those of CTRL. Ta products led to significant errors in simulated ground temperatures. In conclusion, both CMFD‐SR and Tang‐SR could be used as good alternatives to in situ observed DSR for forcing a model, with acceptable errors in simulation results. However, more care need to be paid for models forced by Ta products instead of Ta observations, and conclusions should be carefully drawn.
On the Enthalpy of Formation and Enthalpy of Sublimation of Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′‐bitetrazole‐1,1′‐dioxide (TKX‐50)
Authors: Silva Ana L. R. , Almeida Ana R. R. P. , Ribeiro da Silva Maria D. M. C. , Reinhardt Jelena , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe thermodynamic characterization of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′‐bitetrazole‐1,1′‐dioxide (TKX‐50) was reinvestigated. Although TKX‐50 is one of the most promising new‐generation energetic materials, contradictory reports are found in the literature with regard to its solid enthalpy of formation. The standard (po=105 Pa) molar enthalpy of formation of crystalline TKX‐50, (175.3±1.9) kJ ⋅ mol−1, was determined experimentally based on the measured standard massic energy of combustion, determined through static‐bomb combustion calorimetry. Additionally, the standard molar enthalpy of sublimation of TKX‐50, at T=298.15 K, (165.0±2.4) kJ ⋅ mol−1, was derived from vapor pressure measurements determined by a Knudsen mass‐loss effusion technique. Finally, different approaches were used in attempts to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of TKX‐50 in the solid state. A critical overview and assessment of the data on the enthalpy of formation of TKX‐50 is also presented.
Climate‐influenced hydrobiogeochemistry and groundwater remedy design: A review
Authors: Warner Scott D. , Bekele Dawit , Nathanail C. Paul , Chadalavada Sreeni , Naidu Ravi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe process of designing a remedy for contaminated groundwater historically has not commonly included climate‐future, hydrologic, and biogeochemical aquifer characteristics. From experience, the remedy design process also has not consistently nor directly integrated or projected future hydrologic and biogeochemical effects of the human‐induced or developed environment—aka the anthropogenic influence—on potential remedy performance. The apparent practice of (1) not regularly assessing anthro‐influenced hydrological (termed here as anthrohydrology) or biogeochemical characteristics (collectively hydrobiogeochemistry) of a site and (2) rarely accounting for future climatic shifts as design factors in remedy design may be due, in part, to the general practice‐level view that groundwater remediation systems (whether in situ or ex situ) have seldom been anticipated to last more than a few years (or one or two decades at the most). Second, methods to reliably and quantitatively estimate site‐specific, climate‐future shifts in groundwater conditions using global and/or regional climate models and the resultant impacts on contaminant plume characteristics have not been readily available. The authors here suggest that while the concept of remedy design resilience and durability, within an envelope of climate change and anthropogenic influence, has been discussed in some technical circles as a component of “sustainable remediation,” we have found that direct application of these technical concepts in quantifiable terms remains rare. By incorporating the potential influence of future hydrobiogeochemical scenarios into remedy design, however, the design process could account for reasonable climate‐induced influence on the groundwater system for a given site. These scenarios could then be applied within the remedy selection process to assess performance durability under potentially changing hydrologic, biological, and chemical conditions.
Design and analysis of a wall‐climbing robot for water wall inspection of thermal power plants
Authors: Jiang Ze , Chen Bo , Ju Zhongjin , Li Yichao , Xu Yundou , Zhao Yongsheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBoiler water wall in thermal power plants is characterized by high‐altitude detection requirements. Moreover, the existing water wall‐climbing robots are characterized by low obstacle‐crossing performance, deviations, and a lack of autonomous crossing pipeline function. In view of this feature, a wall‐climbing robot with permanent magnet and electromagnetic hybrid adsorption wheels is proposed. The robot has the function of independent traverse according to its own structural characteristics. Furthermore, transverse movement is proposed by comparing different adsorption modes, moving and driving modes. Robot statics in upward, downward, and transverse crawling are carried out, and nonsliding mechanical and nonoverturning mechanical models are obtained. Robot's dynamics are analyzed by considering the wall movement. The finite element simulation analysis of its main stressed parts is carried out by employing ANSYS, and an optimal structural model is obtained. The gap adsorption permanent magnet model is constructed, and its parametric simulation analysis is carried out using the Ansoft Maxwell module. The influence curve of the gap on the magnetic force is then obtained. Finally, the prototype is developed according to the design model and calculation analysis, and the experimental test is carried out. The experimental results show that the robot meets the expected functions and indexes, providing a basis for the intelligent development of thermal power plants.
Ultrathin Graphdiyne Nanowires with Diameters below 3 nm: Synthesis, Photoelectric Effect, and Enhanced Raman Sensing
Authors: Yang Linchangqing , Li Junfang , Yin Meng , Kong Qingkong , Xi Guangcheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to the intrinsic layered structure, graphdiyne (GDY) strongly tends to form 2D materials, therefore, most of the current research are based on GDY 2D structures. Up to now, the synthesis of its ultrathin nanowires with a high aspect ratio has not been reported. Here, the ultrathin GDY nanowires with diameters below 3 nm are reported for the first time by a two‐phase interface synthesis method, which has excellent crystallinity and an aspect ratio of more than 2500. Evidence shows that the GDY ultrathin nanowires are formed by the oriented‐attachment mechanism of nanoparticles. The GDY ultrathin nanowires exhibit a significant quantum confinement effect, enhanced photoelectric effect, and promising applications in surface‐enhanced Raman sensing.
Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title
Authors: Van Osch Kylen , Dzioba Agnieszka , Ahmed Khadija , MacDonald Andrew , Skinner Jamila , Williams Harley , Strychowsky Julie E. , Graham M. Elise 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesIncreasing numbers of women enter medical school annually. The number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to equalize. There are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional settings. Female presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title (“Doctor”) for grand rounds and conferences, especially with a man performing the introduction. This study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (CSOHNS) meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by gender.MethodsRecordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics, including leadership positions and gender. Chi‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of address.ResultsNo significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter gender. Female presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6% of the time, while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6% of the time (P = 0.69). Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency (75.8%), while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency (63.0%) (P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in medicine. Research efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.
SLISEMAP: Combining Supervised Dimensionality Reduction with Local Explanations
Authors: Björklund Anton , Mäkelä Jarmo , Puolamäki Kai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce a Python library, called slisemap, that contains a supervised dimensionality reduction method that can be used for global explanation of black box regression or classification models. slisemap takes a data matrix and predictions from a black box model as input, and outputs a (typically) two-dimensional embedding, such that the black box model can be approximated, to a good fidelity, by the same interpretable white box model for points with similar embeddings. The library includes basic visualisation tools and extensive documentation, making it easy to get started and obtain useful insights. The slisemap library is published on GitHub and PyPI under an open source license.
Things Fall Apart—Independent Research, Asbestos Litigation and the Gold Miners’ Class Action: 1983–2019
Authors: McCulloch Jock , Miller Pavla 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUntil the early 1990s, those who were critical of the South African gold mines found little support. By 1920, the Chamber had fashioned a medical orthodoxy which held that tuberculosis was brought to the mines by recruits, a position from which the industry never wavered. The election of the ANC government in 1994 saw a dramatic shift in the legal possibilities for the victims of occupational injury. The Leon Commission, the first inquiry into occupational health held under majority rule, rejected the Chamber’s orthodoxy. Its final report found that silica dust levels on the gold mines were hazardous, and that they had probably been so for more than fifty years. The dismantling of apartheid also saw the emergence of a loose collective of researchers who worked on occupational disease but had no affiliation with the mining industry. By 2000, their research showed that there was a high incidence of uncompensated silicosis and tuberculosis among former miners, and that even a negligible degree of silicosis was associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis infection. Employing legal precedents forged in successful occupational health litigation by asbestos miners, several legal firms embarked on an unprecedented class action against the gold mining companies. The chapter concludes by outlining the innovations brought about by its recent settlement.
Thermosalient Phenomena in Molecular Crystals: A Case Study of Representative Molecules
Authors: Yamanoi Yoshinori , Omoto Kenichiro , Nakae Toyotaka , Nishio Masaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMolecular crystals have a regularly packed structure, and their physical properties often depend on intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. Here, we review the crystal jumping phenomena under a thermal stimulus (thermosalient phenomenon). Thermosalient phenomena are characterized by thermal phase transitions and anisotropic lattice expansion/contraction at a microscopic scale and jumping behavior through bending/deformation/rotation/cleavage of crystals at a macroscopic scale. The absence of strong intermolecular interaction in the crystal and the misalignment of the crystal plane associated with the phase transition are explained as factors causing the thermosalient phenomena. In this chapter, various case studies with representative molecular crystals that exhibit the thermosalient phenomenon are explained in detail.
Holographic imaginary potential of a quark antiquark pair in the presence of gluon condensation
Authors: Tahery Sara , Chen Xurong , Zhang Zi-qiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
For a moving heavy quark antiquark (QQ) in a quark gluon plasma (QGP), we use gauge/gravity duality to study both real and imaginary parts of the potential ($$ \operatorname{Re}{V}_{Q\overline{Q}} $$
Re

V

Q

Q
¯

and $$ \operatorname{Im}{V}_{Q\overline{Q}} $$
Im

V

Q

Q
¯

respectively) in a gluon condensate (GC) theory. The complex potential is derived from the Wilson loop by considering the thermal fluctuations of the worldsheet of the Nambu-Goto holographic string. We calculate $$ \operatorname{Re}{V}_{Q\overline{Q}} $$
Re

V

Q

Q
¯

and $$ \operatorname{Im}{V}_{Q\overline{Q}} $$
Im

V

Q

Q
¯

in both cases where the axis of the moving $$ Q\overline{Q} $$
Q

Q
¯

pair is transverse and parallel with respect to its direction of movement in the plasma. Using the renormalization scheme for the $$ \operatorname{Re}{V}_{Q\overline{Q}} $$
Re

V

Q

Q
¯

, we find that the inclusion of GC increases the dissociation length while rapidity has the opposite effect. While for the $$ \operatorname{Im}{V}_{Q\overline{Q}} $$
Im

V

Q

Q
¯

, we observe that by considering the effect of GC, the $$ \operatorname{Im}{V}_{Q\overline{Q}} $$
Im

V

Q

Q
¯

is generated for larger distance thus decreasing quarkonium dissociation, while rapidity has opposite effect. In particular, as the value of GC decreases in the deconfined phase, the $$ \operatorname{Im}{V}_{Q\overline{Q}} $$
Im

V

Q

Q
¯

is generated for smaller distance thus enhancing quarkonium dissociation, and at high temperatures it is nearly not modified by GC, consistent with previous findings of the entropic force.
Doubling the equatorial for the prescribed scalar curvature problem on $${{\mathbb {S}}}^N$$
Authors: Duan Lipeng , Musso Monica , Wei Suting 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider the prescribed scalar curvature problem on$$ {{\mathbb {S}}}^N $$SN$$\begin{aligned} \Delta _{{{\mathbb {S}}}^N} v-\frac{N(N-2)}{2} v+{\tilde{K}}(y) v^{\frac{N+2}{N-2}}=0 \quad \text{ on } \ {{\mathbb {S}}}^N, \qquad v >0 \quad {\quad \hbox {in } }{{\mathbb {S}}}^N, \end{aligned}$$ΔSNv-N(N-2)2v+K~(y)vN+2N-2=0onSN,v>0inSN,under the assumptions that the scalar curvature$${\tilde{K}}$$K~is rotationally symmetric, and has a positive local maximum point between the poles. We prove the existence of infinitely many non-radial positive solutions, whose energy can be made arbitrarily large. These solutions are invariant under some non-trivial sub-group ofO(3) obtained doubling the equatorial. We use the finite dimensional Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction method.
Plastisch-chirurgische Rekonstruktion der unteren Extremität bei alten Patienten
Authors: Haumer Alexander , Gohritz Andreas , Clauss Martin , Lo Steven John , Schaefer Dirk Johannes , Osinga Rik 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Anteil an Patienten jenseits der 7. Lebensdekade in der Bevölkerung steigt weltweit, insbesondere in den hochentwickelten Ländern. Der Bedarf an komplexen Rekonstruktionen der unteren Extremitäten nach Trauma, Tumor oder Infektion in dieser Altersgruppe nimmt zu. Die Rekonstruktion von Weichteildefekten an der unteren Extremität sollte nach dem Prinzip der plastisch-rekonstruktiven Stufenleiter resp. des Aufzugs erfolgen, um schmerzfreies und sicheres Stehen und Gehen zu erhalten. Insbesondere beim älteren Patienten sind sorgfältige multidisziplinäre Planung, gezielte präoperative Beurteilung und Optimierung von Komorbiditäten, wie z. B. Diabetes, Mangelernährung oder pathologischen Gefäßveränderungen, sowie ein altersentsprechendes perioperatives Management erforderlich. Durch die Umsetzung dieser Prinzipien können ältere und hochbetagte Patienten ihre Mobilität und ihre Autonomie, die für eine hohe Lebensqualität entscheidend sind, beibehalten.
Mental Health First Aid crisis role-plays between pharmacists and simulated patients with lived experience: a thematic analysis of debrief
Authors: Ng Ricki , O’Reilly Claire L. , Collins Jack C. , Roennfeldt Helena , McMillan Sara S. , Wheeler Amanda J. , El-Den Sarira 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, can recognise and assist people experiencing mental health crises. Despite this, little is known about how pharmacists assist and engage with people presenting with signs and symptoms of mental health crises. This study aimed to (i) examine pharmacists’ mental health crisis assessment language during simulated patient role-plays (SPRPs) and (ii) explore participants’ experiences of participating in SPRPs of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) scenarios.

Methods
Fifty-nine MHFA-trained pharmacy staff participated in audio-recorded SPRPs of three crisis scenarios enacted by a mental health consumer educator (MHCE). Post-SPRP, pharmacy staff members (including role-playing and observing participants), engaged in reflective debrief discussions with the facilitator and MHCEs. Debrief discussions were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis and suicide assessment language was explored.

Results
The majority of role-playing pharmacists asked about suicidal ideation using appropriate, direct language (n = 8). Qualitative analyses of debrief discussions yielded four themes: (i) Relationship with the consumer, (ii) Verbal and non-verbal communication, (iii) Challenges with crisis assessment, which included difficulties associated with initiating conversations about suicide and mania, and (iv) Reflective learning.

Conclusion
While pharmacists demonstrated the appropriate suicide assessment language post-MHFA training, pharmacists felt uncomfortable initiating conversations around suicide and lacked confidence during crisis assessments. SPRPs provided pharmacists with opportunities to reflect on and practice MHFA skills in a safe learning environment. Future research exploring how MHFA training and SPRPs impact pharmacists’ ability to provide MHFA in real-world settings is warranted.
Instabilität des oberen Sprunggelenks
Authors: Viehöfer Arnd , Mauch Marlene , Krähenbühl Nicola 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie symptomatische Bandinstabilität des oberen Sprunggelenks (OSG) ist eine häufige Pathologie und bedarf bei gescheiterter konservativer Therapie oft einer operativen Stabilisierung. Neben Anamnese und subjektiver Wahrnehmung des Patienten liefern klinische Untersuchung, funktionelle Diagnostik, Bildgebung und je nach Bedarf die Arthroskopie des Sprunggelenks wichtige Informationen. Meistens benötigt es eine Kombination mehrerer Untersuchungsmethoden, um die Diagnose einer behandlungsbedürftigen OSG-Instabilität zu stellen. Neben der Beurteilung der Stabilität ist ebenfalls die Feststellung von Zusatzpathologien wichtig. Dies beinhaltet auch das Erkennen einer pathologischen Rückfußachse, was essenziell für die weitere Behandlung sein kann. Die operative Therapie kann mittels Arthroskopie oder offener Operation mit weitgehend erfreulichen klinischen Resultaten durchgeführt werden.
Improving topside ionospheric empirical model using FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 data
Authors: Ren Xiaodong , Li Yan , Mei Dengkui , Zhu Wei , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe precise description of the topside ionosphere using an ionospheric empirical model has always been a work in progress. The NeQuick topside model is greatly enhanced by adopting radio occultation data from the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 constellation. The topside scale height H formulation in the NeQuick model is simplified into a linear combination of an empirically deduced parameter H0 and a gradient parameter g. The two-dimensional grid maps for the H0 and g parameters are generated as a function of the foF2 and hmF2 parameters. Corrected H0 and g values can be interpolated easily from two grid maps, allowing a more accurate description of the topside ionosphere than the original NeQuick model. The improved NeQuick model (namely NeQuick_GRID model) is statistically validated by comparing it to Total Electron Content (TEC) integrated from COSMIC-2 electron density profiles and space-borne TEC derived from onboard Global Navigation Satellite System observations, respectively. The results show that the NeQuick_GRID model can reduce relative errors by 38% approximately when compared to the integrated TEC from COSMIC profiles and by 15% approximately when compared to the space-borne TEC. Furthermore, a long-term statistical analysis during years of both high and low solar activities reveals that grid maps of the scale factor H0 and the gradient parameter g have very similar features, allowing rapid and efficient acquisition of high-precision electron density during different solar activity.