bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an ultraviolet-C disinfection system for inactivatingClostridioides difficilespores in critical areas of a simulated patient room
Authors: Koutras Carolina , Wade Richard L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClostridioides difficileinfections (CDI) pose a significant threat to patient safety in healthcare facilities. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of an ultraviolet-C (UV-C) disinfection system in reducingC. difficilesurface contamination in a simulated patient room.The results showed an overall 98.17% reduction inC. difficilespores after UV-C treatment of directly exposed and shadowed areas, an efficiency that translated to a 4.91% reduction per minute of room vacancy. This study demonstrates that UV-C disinfection is an effective method for reducingC. difficilespores in healthcare settings, and that efficiency can be improved with shorter setup times and optimal device placement.
Alcohol‐induced changes in mesostriatal resting‐state functional connectivity are linked to sensation seeking in young adults
Authors: Morales Angelica M. , Gilbert Sydney , Hart Elijah , Jones Scott A. , Boyd Stephen J. , Mitchell Suzanne H. , Nagel Bonnie J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies in animals and humans suggest that greater levels of sensation seeking and alcohol use are related to individual differences in drug‐induced dopamine release. However, it remains unclear whether drug‐induced alterations in the functional synchrony between mesostriatal regions are related to sensation seeking and alcohol use.MethodsIn this within‐subject masked‐design study, 21‐year‐old participants (n = 34) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure ventral tegmental area (VTA) resting‐state functional connectivity to the striatum after receiving alcohol (target blood alcohol concentration 0.08 g/dL) or placebo. Participants also completed the UPPS‐P Impulsive Behavior Scale to assess sensation seeking, the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, and self‐reported patterns of alcohol and drug use.ResultsVoxel‐wise analyses within the striatum demonstrated that during the alcohol condition (compared with placebo) young adults had less connectivity between the VTA and bilateral caudate (p < 0.05 corrected). However, young adults exhibiting smaller alcohol‐induced decreases or increases in VTA‐left caudate connectivity reported greater sensation seeking.ConclusionThese findings provide novel information about how acute alcohol impacts resting‐state connectivity, an effect that may be driven by the complex pre and postsynaptic effects of alcohol on various neurotransmitters including dopamine. Further, alcohol‐induced differences in VTA connectivity represent a plausible mechanistic substrate underlying sensation seeking.
A consumption‐based analysis of extinction risk in Australia
Authors: Irwin Amanda , Geschke Arne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAustralia has an important role to play in protecting biodiversity, yet has a poor track record in preventing species extinctions. While invasive species and fire regimes are significant contributors to extinction risk in Australia, many species are threatened by habitat loss and other activities that support demand for products and services. Here, we connect the direct impact on in‐scope species to the final consumption ultimately supported by those activities, quantifying a territorial and consumption extinction‐risk footprint for each economic sector, state, territory, and local government area. We identify consumption of goods and services provided by the construction sector as the most significant consumption driver of extinction risk and show that 30% of Australia's extinction‐risk footprint is exported. Our findings highlight the importance of local government as the last line of defense against species extinctions and suggest that programs that influence consumption behavior may be required to reduce extinction risk in Australia.
Factors influencing the presence of potentially explosive gases during colonoscopy: Results of the SATISFACTION study
Authors: Carnovali Marino , Spada Cristiano , Uebel Peter , Bocus Paolo , Cannizzaro Renato , Cavallaro Flaminia , Cesana Bruno Mario , Cesaro Paola , Costamagna Guido , Di Paolo Dhanai , Ferrari Angelo Paulo , Hinkel Carsten , Kashin Sergey , Massella Arianna , Melnikova Ekaterina , Orsatti Anna , Ponchon Thierry , Prada Alberto , Radaelli Franco , Sferrazza Sandro , Soru Pietro , Testoni Pier Alberto , Tontini Gian Eugenio , Vecchi Maurizio , Fiori Giancarla ,   the SATISFACTION Study Group
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that bowel preparation with mannitol should not affect the colonic concentration of H2 and CH4. Therefore, the SATISFACTION study, an international, multicenter, randomized, parallel‐group phase II–III study investigated this issue. The phase II dose‐finding part of the study evaluated H2, CH4, and O2 concentrations in 179 patients randomized to treatment with 50 g, 100 g, or 150 g mannitol. Phase III of the study compared the presence of intestinal gases in 680 patients randomized (1:1) to receive mannitol 100 g in single dose or a standard split‐dose 2 L polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐Asc preparation (2 L PEG‐Asc). Phase II results showed that mannitol did not influence the concentration of intestinal gases. During phase III, no patient in either group had H2 or CH4 concentrations above the critical thresholds. In patients with H2 and/or CH4 levels above detectable concentrations, the mean values were below the risk thresholds by at least one order of magnitude. The results also highlighted the effectiveness of standard washing and insufflation maneuvers in removing residual intestinal gases. In conclusion, bowel cleansing with mannitol was safe as the concentrations of H2 and CH4 were the same as those found in patients prepared with 2 L PEG‐Asc. In both groups, the concentrations of gases were influenced more by the degree of cleansing achieved and the insufflation and washing maneuvers performed than by the preparation used for bowel cleansing. The trial protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04759885) and with EudraCT (eudract_number: 2019‐002856‐18).
Abnormal right ventricular echocardiographic findings in recovered patients associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome in COVID‐19
Authors: Barros Leandro S. A. , Castillo José M. , Lacerda Heloísa R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular (RV) echocardiographic changes such as dilation or systolic dysfunction, and pulmonary arterial hypertension were observed in patients with COVID‐19. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of RV echocardiographic changes in patients who have recovered from COVID‐19 and to verify the association between severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and echocardiographic findings.MethodsPatients who had recovered from COVID‐19 undergoing outpatient follow‐up underwent transthoracic echocardiography, and based on the findings, were divided into two groups: normal and abnormal. It was then verified whether there is an association between SARS and RV echocardiographic abnormalities in recovered patients.ResultsThe study included 61 patients, with a mean age of 54.2 ± 12.0 years, 57.4% had presented with SARS. The mean period of time between COVID‐19 and the echocardiographic examination was 11.9 ± 7.0 months. Patients presented normal left ventricular systolic function. The frequency of RV echocardiographic changes in patients who had recovered from COVID‐19 was 44.3%. RV systolic dysfunction was identified in 31.1%, followed by ventricular dilation in 14.7% and pulmonary hypertension in 9.8%. An association was observed between SARS and RV echocardiographic changes in recovered patients during outpatient follow‐up (OR: 4.96; 95% CI: 1.37–17.9; p = 0.015). An association was also demonstrated between SARS and RV dilation (p = 0.007) and between SARS and systolic dysfunction (p = 0.028).ConclusionSARS is a risk factor for abnormal RV echocardiographic findings in patients recovered from COVID‐19.
Evaluation of heart failure admission as a surrogate for mortality in randomized clinical trials: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Kiyohara Yuko , Kohsaka Shun , Iwagami Masao , Tsugawa Yusuke , Briasoulis Alexandros , Kuno Toshiki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure (HF) admission is used as a study endpoint in clinical trials. However, it remains unclear whether it can be a valid surrogate endpoint for mortality.ObjectivesTo validate whether HF admission is a valid surrogate for mortality.MethodsIn PubMed and EMBASE, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions to treat patients with heart failure at the enrolment were searched on 13 April 2022. We extracted RCTs in which event numbers of both HF admission and all‐cause mortality were reported as either primary or secondary outcomes. Trial‐level correlations (R‐squared) between HF admission and mortality were assessed. We performed subgroup analyses by study year, follow‐up duration, baseline HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and whether the intervention was pharmacological. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guideline.ResultsA total of 117 RCTs met the criteria for inclusion. Overall, the trial‐level R‐squared between HF admission and all‐cause mortality was 0.39 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.26 to 0.53). However, in the subgroup analyses, the trial‐level R‐squared was increased when the follow‐up duration was ≥24 months (0.70 [95% CI: 0.55, 0.85]), when intervention was pharmacological (0.51 [95% CI: 0.34, 0.68]) and when the baseline HF type was HFrEF (0.57 [95% CI: 0.42, 0.73]).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that HF admission may not always be a valid surrogate for mortality in patients with HF. Rather, the surrogacy of HF admission may be dependent on clinical background and interventions.
Restored roadside grasslands provide an exciting template for road network conservation
Authors: Gibson‐Roy Paul , Carland Frank 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThis innovative roadside restoration project aimed to replace two historic non‐endemic block tree plantings with diverse native grassland. A secondary goal was to reintroduce populations of threatened species as part of the restorations (Button Wrinklewort; Clover Glycine; Hoary Sunray; and the Yam Daisy)Glycine latrobeana;Leucochrysum albicans subspr;i. The project applied what were at the time newly developed site preparation, direct‐seeding and seed production approaches designed to facilitate these outcomes. The long‐term success of these restorations (13 years) provides compelling evidence that it is feasible to restore high‐quality, low‐biomass, species‐rich native grasslands on previously exotic‐dominated roadsides. By doing so, they demonstrate that road networks offer broad canvases for restoration action and should in the future be used to create extensive native linear corridors, displaying high native biodiversity, visual and functional attributes.
Increased soil carbon storage through plant diversity strengthens with time and extends into the subsoil
Authors: Lange Markus , Eisenhauer Nico , Chen Hongmei , Gleixner Gerd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoils are important for ecosystem functioning and service provisioning. Soil communities and their functions, in turn, are strongly promoted by plant diversity, and such positive effects strengthen with time. However, plant diversity effects on soil organic matter have mostly been investigated in the topsoil, and there are only very few long‐term studies. Thus, it remains unclear if plant diversity effects strengthen with time and to which depth these effects extend. Here, we repeatedly sampled soil to 1 m depth in a long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment. We investigated how plant diversity impacted soil organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations and stocks and their stable isotopes 13C and 15N, as well as how these effects changed after 5, 10, and 14 years. We found that higher plant diversity increased carbon and nitrogen storage in the topsoil since the establishment of the experiment. Stable isotopes revealed that these increases were associated with new plant‐derived inputs, resulting in less processed and less decomposed soil organic matter. In subsoils, mainly the presence of specific plant functional groups drove organic matter dynamics. For example, the presence of deep‐rooting tall herbs decreased carbon concentrations, most probably through stimulating soil organic matter decomposition. Moreover, plant diversity effects on soil organic matter became stronger in topsoil over time and reached subsoil layers, while the effects of specific plant functional groups in subsoil progressively diminished over time. Our results indicate that after changing the soil system the pathways of organic matter transfer to the subsoil need time to establish. In our grassland system, organic matter storage in subsoils was driven by the redistribution of already stored soil organic matter from the topsoil to deeper soil layers, for example, via bioturbation or dissolved organic matter. Therefore, managing plant diversity may, thus, have significant implications for subsoil carbon storage and other critical ecosystem services.
Interpreting Concentrations Sampled in Long‐Screened Wells with Borehole Flow: An Inverse Modeling Approach
Authors: Day‐Lewis Frederick D. , Mackley Rob D. , Thompson Joshua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNew approaches are needed to assess contaminant mass based on samples from long‐screened wells and open boreholes (LSW&OB). The interpretation of concentration samples collected in LSW&OB is complicated in the presence of vertical flow within the well. In the absence of pumping (i.e., ambient conditions), the well provides a conduit for flow to occur between aquifer layers or fractures as a result of head differences. Under pumping conditions, vertical borehole flow may vary with depth depending on far‐field heads and hydraulic conductivity; furthermore, if pumping fails to overcome ambient gradients, outflow from the well to the aquifer may occur. Concentration samples thus represent flow‐weighted averages of formation concentrations, but the averaging process is commonly unknown or difficult to identify. Recognition of the importance of borehole flow has motivated the use of multi‐level wells, packers, and well liners; however, LSW&OB remain common for numerous reasons, including cost, multi‐purpose design requirements (e.g., pump‐and‐treat, water supply), logging, and installation of instrumentation. Here, we present a simple analytical model for flow and transport within a well and interaction with the surrounding aquifer. We formulate an inverse problem to estimate formation concentration based on sampled concentrations and data from flowmeter logs. The approach is demonstrated using synthetic examples. Our results (1) underscore the importance of interpreting sampled concentrations within the context of hydraulic conditions and aquifer/well exchange; (2) demonstrate the value of flowmeter measurements for this purpose; and (3) point to the potential of the new inverse approach to better interpret results from samples collected in LSW&OB.
Sudden arrhythmic death and cardiomyopathy are important causes of sudden cardiac death in the UK: results from a national coronial autopsy database
Authors: Sheppard Mary N , Westaby Joseph , Zullo Emelia , Fernandez Belmira V E , Cox Steve , Cox Alison 
Published: February 2023

AimsSudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined as natural unexpected death in witnessed cases occurring < 1 h and in unwitnessed cases as last seen alive < 24 h. SCD due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is frequent in older age groups; in younger people genetic cardiac causes, including channelopathies and cardiomyopathies, are more frequent. This study aimed to present the causes of SCD from a large specialist pathology registry.Methods and resultsCases were examined macroscopically and microscopically by two expert cardiac pathologists. The hearts from 7214 SCD cases were examined between 1994 and 2021. Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS), a morphologically normal heart, which can be underlaid by cardiac channelopathies, is most common (3821, 53%) followed by the cardiomyopathies (1558, 22%), then IHD (670, 9%), valve disease (225, 3%), congenital heart disease (213, 3%) and myocarditis/sarcoidosis (206, 3%). Hypertensive heart disease (185, 3%), aortic disease (129, 2%), vascular disease (97, 1%) and conduction disease (40, 1%) occur in smaller proportions.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the largest SCD cohort with autopsy findings ever reported from one country. SADS and cardiomyopathies predominate. This study highlights the importance of the autopsy in SCD, which is a significant public health concern in all age groups. Knowing the true incidence in our population will improve risk stratification and develop preventative strategies for family members. There is now a national pilot study integrating molecular autopsy and family screening into the assessment of SCD victims.
Microwave dielectric properties of tetragonal scheelite‐structured (NaY)1/2MoO4 ceramics
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Pang Lixia , Zhou Di , Fang Zhen , Ren Sen , Liu Weiguo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract(NaY)1/2MoO4 was fabricated via the solid‐state reaction method of Na2CO3, Y2O3, and MoO3. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrated that all the (NaY)1/2MoO4 ceramics could be densified well in the sintering temperature range of 900–960°C. Results of X‐ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the (NaY)1/2MoO4 ceramics crystallized into tetragonal scheelite structure. Sintering (NaY)1/2MoO4 at 940°C for 2 h optimized the microwave dielectric properties of the ceramics. The microwave permittivity, Q × f, and TCF of the (NaY)1/2MoO4 were 10.9, 29 000 GHz and −40.7 ppm/°C, respectively.
Shared consumption and its determinants: A systematic literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Khalek Sk Abu , Chakraborty Anirban 
Published: February 2023

AbstractShared consumption is rapidly evolving as a potential alternative consumption paradigm and hence gaining increased scholarly attention. In the last 5 years, there has been an exponential increase in research focusing on the adoption of shared consumption. There is a pressing need to consolidate and reconcile the resultant insights, which calls for an appropriate review study. Accordingly, this study aims to systematically review the extant literature on the adoption of shared consumption, synthesize the body of knowledge and provide a comprehensive understanding of this emerging consumption mode. Following the SPAR‐4‐SLR review protocol, this systematic review draws upon the theoretical guidance provided by the theory of consumption values, innovation resistance theory and value‐attitude‐behaviour hierarchy to synthesize 331 research articles. Bibliometric analysis was employed to reveal the research trend, most prominent journals, authors, articles and countries of research. A thematic analysis was carried out to synthesize the knowledge of the literature corpus. The results suggest that while economic incentives commonly drive individuals to participate in shared consumption, social incentives significantly influence participation in a peer‐to‐peer setting. Perceived risks (physical, privacy, safety and security) deter participation, while trust plays a vital role in adoption. It has also unveiled some inconclusive relationships in the literature, such as the effect of environmental considerations and materialism on sharing intention. The analysis shows that the providers' perspective has received less attention than the consumers. Further, it is important to empirically validate the findings in domains that transcend the extant industry specificity of studies. The salient observations were structured in an integrated model capturing the drivers and inhibitors of the adoption of the phenomenon. Finally, based on the TCCM framework, pertinent future research directions have been elaborated.
Information sharing and production timing strategy in a platform‐based supply chain
Authors: Zhao Qingli , Fan Zhi‐Ping , Wang Ningning 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe e‐commerce platform has been adopting the agency mode to sell the products of the national brand manufacturer (NBM) while introducing its own store brand and obtaining the consumer's preference information (CPI) to reinforce the competitiveness of the store‐brand products. This paper investigates the platform's decisions on whether to share the CPI with the NBM and its impact on the production timing decisions of the platform and the NBM. The results show that the platform may benefit from CPI sharing which may also change the equilibrium production timing of the platform and the NBM from sequential decision to simultaneous decision. In addition, the equilibria of the joint decision between the CPI sharing and the production timing are obtained, which is related to the market acceptance uncertainties of the products and the competitiveness of the national brands.
Endoscopic features and clinical course of colorectal carcinoma resected by cold snare polypectomy
Authors: Yoshii Shunsuke , Hayashi Yoshito , Nakamura Takahiko , Nishiyama Osamu , Nagaike Koji , Nakamatsu Dai , Yamada Takuya , Egawa Satoshi , Ogiyama Hideharu , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Inoue Takuya , Uema Ryotaro , Kato Minoru , Inoue Takanori , Tsujii Yoshiki , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Iijima Hideki , Michida Tomoki , Morii Eiichi , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimCold snare polypectomy is commonly performed to remove small colorectal polyps. Accidental resection of carcinomas during this procedure has been reported. Herein, we aimed to clarify the clinicopathological features and clinical course of colorectal carcinomas resected by cold snare polypectomy.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted at 10 Japanese healthcare centers. Of the colorectal lesions resected by cold snare polypectomy between April 2016 and March 2020, lesions pathologically diagnosed as carcinoma were reviewed. Centralized histology (based on the Vienna classification) and endoscopic reviews were performed. The study endpoints were endoscopic features and clinical outcomes of cold snare polypectomy‐resected colorectal carcinomas (Vienna category ≥4.2).ResultsWe reviewed 74 of the 70 693 lesions resected by cold snare polypectomy. After a central pathological review, 68 lesions were diagnosed as carcinomas. The Japan Narrow‐band imaging Expert Team (JNET) classification type 2B, lesion size ≥6 mm, and multinodular morphology were the significant endoscopic predictors of carcinoma resected by cold snare polypectomy. No adverse events related to the procedure occurred. Sixty‐three lesions were diagnosed as carcinomas within the mucosal layer, and 34 were curative resections. Of the five carcinoma lesions with submucosal invasion, additional surgery revealed remnant cancer tissues in one lesion. No local or metastatic recurrence was observed during follow‐up.ConclusionsAlthough most of the carcinomas resected by cold snare polypectomy were within the mucosal layer, few lesions invading the submucosa were identified. Careful pre‐procedural endoscopic evaluation, especially focusing on the JNET classification and multinodular morphology, is recommended.