bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ti and Nb addition on the microstructure, mechanical, and machinability properties of 316L stainless steel fabricated by powder metallurgy
Authors: Erden Mehmet Akif , Uzun Fatma Gül , Akgün Mahir , Gökçe Hasan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, titanium and niobium element powders in determined amounts (0.25 and 0.5 wt%) were added into the 316L stainless steel matrix by means of powder metallurgy (PM) technology, either singly or in pairs, and the desired composition was obtained as a powder mixture. The powders used in the study were cold pressed tensile sample molds prepared in ASTM 8 M standards, unidirectionally cold pressed under 700 MPa compression pressure and formed into blocks. After pressing, the raw strength samples were sintered in an atmosphere-controlled tube furnace at 1325 °C for 2 h in an argon atmosphere. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the produced PM steels were characterized by optical microscope, SEM, EDS, and tensile test. The results showed that the stainless-steel samples with 0.25(Ti–Nb) added composition to 316L stainless steel had the highest yield strength and tensile strengths. However, with the addition of 0.5Ti, 0.5Nb, and 0.5(Ti–Nb) to 316L stainless steel, a decrease was observed in the mechanical properties. Moreover, the MQL machining is better on the machining output such as surface roughness and cutting temperature than dry machining in terms of a sustainable machining process.
Hipponax am „neronischen Musenhof“. Zu Persius’ Satiren-Prolog
Authors: Spahlinger Lothar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe choliambic metre of the prologue poem of Persius’Satiresis key to understanding the poem’s message. On the one hand it creates a link to Hipponax as the canonical exponent of the iambic genre and to the tale of his inspiration transmitted by Giorgios Choiroboskos, and so attests the presence of the iambic poet in the cultured literary circles at Nero’s imperial court. On the other hand the poet alludes to Callimachus, his iambic poetry and his poetology, and so adopts his rejection of a poetry that has sunk to mere literary convention. This casts new light both on Persius’ own claim to be asemipaganusand on his mockery of the profit-orientedcorviandpicae.
Archäologie entlang der Gleise. Das Kaiserlich Deutsche Archäologische Institut und die Anatolische Eisenbahn
Authors: Georgiev Anna 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel setzt sich mit den Strategien auseinander, die das Kaiserlich Deutsche Archäologische Institut nutzte, um auch für die Archäologie einen Gewinn aus dem Bau der Anatolischen Eisenbahn Ende des 19ten Jahrhunderts zu ziehen. Ein Schwerpunkt wird dabei auf den Aufenthalt des Altphilologen Alfred Körte in Anatolien gelegt, der mit Unterstützung des Archäologischen Instituts und durch Förderung des Direktors der Anatolischen Eisenbahngesellschaft Otto von Kühlmann, dem Bahnbauprojekt in archäologischen Fragen zur Seite stehen sollte. Die aus dem Aufenthalt erwachsenden Kontroversen mit den osmanischen Behörden werden dargelegt und auf Sammlungsstücke verwiesen, die aus dieser Zusammenarbeit ins Deutsche Reich überführt wurden. Abschließend wird die Frage aufgeworfen, inwieweit die Verzahnung zwischen Archäologie und Bahnbau, wie sie sich bei der Anatolischen Eisenbahn zeigte, auch für den Bau der Bagdadbahn unter gänzlich neuen politischen Rahmenbedingungen dienliche Erfahrungen lieferte.
The role of volume effect on the transient behavior of a transonic compressor
Authors: Yuchen Dai , Manxiang Song , Donghai Jin , Xingmin Gui , Xiaoheng Liu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The significance of the volume effect on the compressor performance during acceleration and deceleration has received limited attention, despite its demonstrated importance in compressor flow instabilities. To better understand this effect, the in-house simulation program CAM (a modular transient simulator) is used to investigate the volume effect on the compressor transient performance. The modeling procedure is derived from Greziter’s lumped parameter approach and the accuracy of the simulation model is verified by experimental data. This study presents a comprehensive comparison and explanation of variations in compressor transient behavior observed under different conditions, including different shaft speed change rates, compressor volume sizes, and operating speeds. The relative difference between the compressor inlet and outlet mass flow is identified as the key factor contributing to these discrepancies. In addition, a simplified analytical model is developed to provide a basic description of the compressor operating line during acceleration and deceleration, which also provides additional support for the validity of the numerical results. This study systematically establishes the dynamic dependencies between shaft speed change, pressure and mass flow change, offering critical information for ensuring the safety of compressors during transient operation.
Microglia: sculptors of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like brain?
Authors: Sati Aisha , Desroziers Elodie , Campbell Rebecca E 
Published: June 2023

In brief
Neuroendocrine dysfunction and transgenerational susceptibility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) suggest that programmed changes within the brain contribute to adult development of the syndrome. This review discusses a potentially important role for microglia in mediating prenatal androgen-programmed changes in the female brain that contribute to PCOS-like features.

Abstract
Several lines of evidence support a role for the brain in both the development and maintenance of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common cause of anovulatory infertility worldwide. Persistently elevated luteinizing hormone secretion and impaired gonadal steroid hormone feedback in PCOS patients suggest impairments within the neuronal networks that regulate the reproductive axis. Evidence from preclinical models has linked androgen excess during prenatal life with altered structure and function of the developing female brain that might underpin syndrome development in adulthood. Studies investigating the mechanisms by which excess androgens program changes in the female brain have highlighted an important role for microglia. This review discusses how these non-neuronal cells shape the developing female brain in response to excess androgens and focuses on how microglia may be involved in the development of the neuroendocrine dysfunctions associated with PCOS.
Molecular functions of Mrhl lncRNA in mouse spermatogenesis
Authors: Kayyar Bhavana , Kataruka Shubhangini , Suresh Akhade Vijay , Rao M R S 
Published: June 2023

In brief
Mrhl lncRNA regulates the Wnt signaling pathway in mouse spermatogonial cells, resulting in the commitment of B-type spermatogonia to meiotic entry through Mrhl lncRNA-mediated regulation of Sox8. Mrhl lncRNA regulates chromatin dynamics of the Sox8 promoter/enhancer interaction through chromatin looping.

Abstract
Proliferation and meiotic division of spermatogonial stem cells are highly regulated biological processes that occur during spermatogenesis. In addition to protein-coding genes, the mammalian genome encodes thousands of lncRNAs which are spatio-temporally expressed and play key role(s) in cellular differentiation and development. Mrhl lncRNA is one such mono-exonic polyadenylated non-coding RNA encoded within the 15th intron of the mouse Phkb gene. Mrhl lncRNA is expressed in mouse testis amongst other tissues. The RNA is nuclear localized and predominantly bound to chromatin in GC-1 spg cells (derived from B-type spermatogonia). It regulates multiple genes belonging to different biological processes including Wnt signaling. Wnt activation of GC-1 spg cells downregulates Mrhl lncRNA expression, in turn activating the expression of meiotic marker genes and downregulating stem cell markers. We have mapped the genomic loci bound by Mrhl lncRNA and identified 37 genes to be regulated by its physical association. Sox8 gene, one among these, is regulated through its interaction at its promoter through RNA:DNA:DNA triplex structure and chromatin looping mediated by the architectural proteins CTCF and YY1. Here, we summarize our major findings on this novel lncRNA starting from its discovery to biological function(s), particularly during meiotic commitment/initiation in mouse spermatogenesis.
Analysis of different protocols using an Exradin A12 cylindrical chamber for electron beam reference dosimetry
Authors: Gonçalves Prospero Andre , Ferreira Ana Carolina , Rodrigues Pina Diana , Pernomian Antonio Cesar , De Oliveira Wander 
Published: June 2023

The Technical Report Series 398 (TRS-398), Electron Dosimetry Working Party (EWDP), and Task Group 51 (TG 51) are the most important protocols for reference dosimetry. In the case of electron beam reference dosimetry, these protocols recommend using parallel-plate ionization chambers for beams with R50 values below specific thresholds. However, recent papers suggested using cylindrical chambers for reference dosimetry of all electron beam energies. Here we compared different protocols using a cylindrical chamber with the recommendations of using a parallel-plate chamber and the TRS-398 formalism for the dosimetry of several electron beam energies. We employed electron beams with nominal energies of 4, 6, 9, 12, and 15 MeV of a Varian 2100C linear accelerator, an Exradin A12, and an Exradin P11 chamber for the analysis. The results showed differences below 3% when comparing the cylindrical chamber and alternative protocols with the parallel-plate chamber and the TRS-398 formalism for electron beams reference dosimetry. These results can bring confidence in using a cylindrical chamber for reference electron beam dosimetry, which can make the electron beam dosimetry procedure simpler and faster.
A Multisite Survey of Pediatric Hospitalists’ Practices in Soliciting Feedback From Trainees
Authors: McKenzie Nicholas L. , Vaughen Sarah , Black Erik , Shao Yi , Fromme H. Barrett 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE
There is evidence that pediatric attending physicians value receiving feedback from trainees. With this study, we sought to determine the extent to which pediatric hospitalists value, solicit, and receive feedback from residents and medical students on specific areas of the attending’s performance and identify perceived barriers to trainees’ providing feedback.

METHODS
A web-based survey was sent to pediatric hospitalists at 9 institutions in 2022. Survey questions were developed from existing literature, trainee input, faculty expertise, and a framework on the qualities of exemplary pediatric educators. Respondents answered yes-no and multiitem Likert scale questions and selected answers from predetermined lists related to feedback solicitation from trainees. χ-Square and Wilcoxon rank test statistics were used to analyze questions.

RESULTS
Responses were gathered from 91 of 189 surveyed individuals (response rate: 48.1%). Respondents almost unanimously “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that feedback from medical students (88, 96.7%) and residents (89, 97.8%) can be valuable, but feedback was considered more valuable from residents (P &lt;.05). Attending physicians asked for and received feedback more from residents than from medical students (P &lt;.05). Attending physicians most commonly asked for feedback on “teaching skills.” The largest perceived barriers to receiving feedback from trainees were trainee lacking comfort with giving feedback, trainee lacking awareness that providing feedback is within their role, and fear of retaliation.

CONCLUSIONS
Although pediatric hospitalist respondents nearly unanimously valued feedback from trainees, attending physicians were inconsistent in their feedback solicitation practices. Attending physicians were more likely to ask for and receive feedback from residents than from medical students.
Novel scale for predicting thrombosis of the left atrium and its appendage before catheter ablation or cardioversion in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter
Authors: Zaigraev I. A. , Yavelov I. S. , Drapkina O. M. , Bazaeva E. V. 
Published: June 2023

Aim. To study the potential of predicting thrombosis of the left atrium (LA) and/or LA appendage (LAA) before catheter ablation (CA) or elective cardioversion in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NAF) or atrial flutter (AFL) using indicators available in routine practice.Material and methods. In this single-center retrospective study, the medical records of 1994 patients with nAF or AFL for the period 2014-2019 were analyzed, who underwent transesophageal echocardiography before CA or elective CV. LA/LAA thrombus was found in 33 (1,6%) patients. For the comparison group, 167 patients were randomly selected without LA/LAA thrombosis. Demographic, anamnestic, clinical, laboratory data, results of transthoracic echocardiography, as well as the CHA2DS2-VASc-RAF (CHA2DS2-VASc plus 2 points for an estimated glomerular filtration rate <56 ml/min/1,73 m2, 4 points for persistent AF (lasting >7 days), 10 points for persistent AF).Results. The mean age of the patients was 60,3±10,9 years (men, 55%). There were more patients with NAF (87,5%), hospitalized for CV (84,0%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the severity of symptoms associated with arrhythmia was associated with the detection of a LA/LAA thrombus (odds ratio (OR) for EHRA class 3-4 14,29 at 95% confidence interval (CI): 3,3-61,8; p<0,0001), left ventricular ejection fraction <48% (OR, 7,83; 95% CI: 1,2-53,05; p=0,035) and total CHA2DS2-VASc-RAF score (OR, 1,29 at 95% CI: 1,08-1,5; p=0,004). Sup­ple­mentation of the CHA2DS2-VASc-RAF with new independent predictors of LA/LAA thrombosis did not lead to a significant increase in the area under the characteristic curve, which was 0,83 (95% CI: 0,76-0,91) and 0,87 (95% CI: 0,80-0,94), respectively (p=0,13). The OR of LA/LAA thrombosis with a total score CHA2DS2-VASc-RAF >3 was 12,8 (95% CI: 3,8-43,9; p<0,0001), while the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value — 90,6, 57,1, 30,2 and 96,7% respectively. The OR of thrombosis of LA/LAA with a CHA2DS2-VASc-RAF score >8 was 25,8 (95% CI: 5,9-112,3; p<0,0001), while sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value — 93,5, 64,0, 34,9 and 97,9%, respectively.Conclusion. When predicting LA/LAA thrombosis, detected during transesophageal echocardiography before CA or elective CV in patients with NAF or AFL who did not have a pronounced structural heart pathology and severe concomitant diseases, taking into account the severity of symptoms associated with arrhythmia and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<48%) in addition to the risk stratification scale for LA/LAA thrombosis CHA2DS2-VASc-RAF did not lead to an increase in the area under the characteristic curve, but made it possible to increase the OR of LA/LAA thrombosis detection by 2 times and increase the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value.
Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil’in Mai ve Siyah Romanında Başkahraman Ahmet Cemil’in Yaşamı Algılama Tarzı, Yaşam İstenci ve Umudunun Düşüşü
Authors: DEMİR Kübra 
Published: June 2023

Düşünce adamları ve roman yazarlarının üzerinde hassasiyetle durduğu konulardan
biri yaşamın anlamı, yaşamı algılama ve yorumlamadır. Alman feylesofu Friedrich
Wilhelm Nietzsche’ye göre yaşamın kendisi “güç istenci”dir. “Güç istenci” hem
pozitif hem de negatif bir anlama sahiptir. Zira canlı olan her varlıkta bir “güç istenci”
görülmektedir. Hizmet edenin istencinde dahi “efendi” olma istenci vardır. Yalnız “güç
istenci”nde bir eşitlik olmadığı için bazı insanlar daha güçlü, bazıları da daha zayıf ve
cılızdır. “Aktif karakterdeki insan”ın yaşama bakış açısında mücadele, özgür irade,
yaşamı olumlama, yaşamın bütün acılarına rağmen ona “evet” deme söz konusudur. Oysa
“pasif karakterdeki insan”da düşüş, yeise kapılma ve yaşamı yadsıma vardır.
Servet-i Fünûn romancısı Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil’in Mai ve Siyah adlı romanının
başkahramanı Ahmet Cemil şöhret arzusuyla eserini vücuda getirmek, annesini ve kız kardeşi İkbal’i maddi sıkıntıdan azade yaşatmak ve sevdiği kız Lâmia ile evlenmek ister.
Ancak bu hülyaların hemen hepsi hayal kırıklığı ile sonlanır. Ahmet Cemil’in mizacı
ve yaşadığı hayal kırıklıkları onun yaşamı algılayış biçimine, yaşamı anlamlandırma
tarzına tesir eder. Bu çalışmada başkahraman Ahmet Cemil’in mizacı, kız kardeşi İkbal’in
ölümü, sevdiği kız Lâmia’nın bir başkasıyla evlenmesi, yazmak istediği eseri ve hayal
kırıklıklarının sonucunda çöle gitmesi odağında Ahmet Cemil’in yaşamı algılama ve
anlamlandırma tarzı Nietzsche’nin “yaşam istenci” kavramlaştırması üzerinden yeniden
okunmaya çalışılacaktır.
Immunohistochemical basing of the pathogenesis equality of varicose vein transformation in varicocele and varicose veins of the lower extremities
Authors: Severgina L. O. , Studennikova V. V. , Rapoport L. M. , Korovin I. A. , Korolev D. O. 
Published: June 2023

Background. Varicocele as well as varicose veins of the lower extremities are quite widespread. To date, the mechanisms of variceal transformation remain not completely clear.Aim. To study the immunohistochemical profile in order to substantiate the common pathogenesis of varicose veins transformation in varicocele and varicose veins of the lower limbs; to confirm the key role of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia syndrome in the development of these diseases.Materials and methods. Vein wall fragments from 24 male patients aged 6–35 years old divided into the corresponding groups: group 1–12 patients with varicocele, group 2–12 patients with varicose veins of the lower limbs. Control group – 5 practically healthy men (age 16–32 years). Immunohistochemical study was performed with monoclonal antibodies to collagen types III, IV, α-SMA, fibronectin, laminin, MMP-2 and MMP-9, TGF-β1.Results and discussion. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of vein wall biopsy specimens in both groups revealed similar morphological changes, different from the control group. When assessing the expression level of α-SMA in both study groups, there was marked expression in the bundles of hypertrophic smooth muscle cells (in the zone of wall thickening where fibrosis was minimal) and weak expression in the bundles of smooth muscle cells “enmeshed” in connective tissue sleeves. Collagen type III showed weak expression in the subintimal zone and between the bundles of superficially located smooth muscle cells in both study groups. Expression of type IV collagen was detected in the areas of wall thickening and hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells. In both groups there was a pronounced expression of fibronectin in the most altered sections of the vein walls, especially in the middle layer, around the bundles of smooth muscle cells. There was marked expression of MMP-2 in all layers of the wall, and overexpression of MMP-9 in the areas of wall thinning (in the subintimal zone and muscular layer). TGF-β1 overexpression was also detected in vein biopsy specimens from both groups, predominantly in areas of thinning and pronounced intermuscular fibrosis.Conclusion. Taking into account the similarity of immunohistochemical manifestations in the vein walls in varicocele and varicose veins of the lower limbs we can speak about the common morphogenetic mechanisms of their remodeling. Thus, we consider it possible to combine various forms of varicosity into a single disease – varicose vein disease.
Role of antibody screening in high titre group O donors
Authors: Shah Ripal , Prajapati Parul , Patel Disha , Harimoorthy V 
Published: June 2023

Red Cells, Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) and Platelets (RDP/SDP) prepared from donors with group O may have high titers of anti-A, anti-B and/or anti-A,B antibodies. When such components given to non-group O patients, this high titre can result in haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs). Such group O donors are generally termed ‘high-titer group O donors. Significant amounts of ABO antigen being present on the platelet surface and anti-ABO iso-agglutinins being present in the donor’s plasma, Platelet transfusions need to take into account the issues. Although relatively rare, but acute intravascular haemolytic transfusion reaction has been caused by passive transfer of anti-A and anti-B antibodies, present in group O donors. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of high titre antibodies in group O donors. Thus, titre are performed in randomly selected group O donors from different gender and age group to identify best available source of products for Platelet and follow up transfusions.: Randomly selected 100 O blood group donors were included in the study. Samples from these donors were tested for ABO antibody (both IgM and IgG) titres using conventional tube technique at RT and 37°C at Indirect Antiglobulin phase. Statistical analysis was performed using two sample t-test and anova test.Donors included in the present study were mainly male (85%) donors. ABO antibody titres ranged from 0 to 2048. In the present study, Anti-B (IgG) titer is significantly higher than other antibodies in both genders.There are a large proportion of group O donors having high titres of antibodies and hence a routine pretransfusion screening for such antibodies can prevent the development of hemolytic transfusion reaction by issuing only low titre components for out of group transfusions.Each Blood Transfusion Service should establish a policy for testing and issue of group O platelets to non-O group recipient to avoid chances of development of adverse transfusion reaction.
Коррекция ишемических и реперфузионных повреждений почек при сочетанном применении инфликсимаба и пептида, имитирующего α-спираль B эритропоэтина
Authors: Нетребенко Александр С. 
Published: June 2023

Введение. В связи с высокой социально-экономической значимостью острого повреждения почек, на повестке ученого сообщества остро стоит вопрос о методах диагностики и лечения данной патологии. В ряде исследований уже были выявлены цитопротективные эффекты пептида, имитирующего α-спираль B эритропоэтина, и инфликсимаба при моделировании ишемически-реперфузионного повреждения печени, миокарда, нервной ткани. Целью данного исследования явилось изучение ренопротективных эффектов сочетанного применения pHBSP и инфликсимаба при ишемически-реперфузионном повреждении почек.
Материалы и методы. Эксперимент проводился на 230 белых лабораторных крысах-самцах линии Wistar. Животным вводили pHBSP и инфликсимаб. Под наркозом выполняли унилатеральную нефрэктомию справа и накладывали зажим на контралатеральную почечную ножку. Через 5 минут, 24 и 72 часа после реперфузии проводили функциональные пробы и изымали образцы тканей для лабораторных исследований.
Результаты и их обсуждение. Полученные результаты подтверждают наличие дозозависимых ренопротективных свойств у пептида, имитирующего α-спираль B эритропоэтина, и инфликсимаба. Нефропротективные эффекты сочетанного применения pHBSP в дозе 25 мкг/кг и инфликсимаба в дозе 10 мг/кг значительно превосходили действие данных препаратов в монорежиме. Об этом свидетельствует нормализация функции почечных канальцев, достоверный рост уровня микроциркуляции, отсутствие деструктивных изменений при патоморфологическом исследовании, а также снижение экспрессии TNF-α на 54% и IL-1β на 65% в сравнении с группой ишемии-реперфузии по данным иммуногистохимии. Подтверждена важная роль АТФ-зависимых калиевых каналов в реализации ренопротективных свойств pHBSP.
Выводы. Подтверждено наличие ренопротективных свойств у пептида, имитирующего α-спираль Bэритропоэтина, и инфликсимаба, а также обосновано превосходство их сочетанного использования с целью коррекции морфофункциональных нарушений при моделировании ишемически-реперфузионной травмы почек благодаря мультимодальному воздействию на патогенетические процессы.
Графическая аннотация