bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
13 µm cutoff InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice nBn detectors with high quantum efficiency grown by MOCVD
Authors: Brown Richard , Liu Chen , Seager George , Alvarado Francisco , Wong Ka Ming , Craig Adam P. , Beanland Richard , Marshall Andrew R. J. , Davies J. Iwan , Li Qiang 
Published: January 2025

In this work, we report the growth and fabrication optimization of a long wavelength InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) nBn detector grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. A GaAs like interfacial scheme was employed to grow the T2SLs matched to InAs substrates. A larger bandgap InAs/GaSb T2SL was used as an electron barrier, removing the need for AlSb based materials within this detector. At 77 K and −0.1 V, the photodetector showed a dark current density of 2.2 × 10−2 A cm−2 and a 100% cutoff wavelength of 13 µm. The external quantum efficiency was found to be 54.4% at 9 µm. The peak detectivity was found to be 4.43 × 1010 cm Hz1/2/W at 9 µm, which is very comparable with similar deep etched detectors grown by molecular beam epitaxy.
Supercarbon assembly inspired two-dimensional hourglass fermion
Authors: Xiong Mo , Yang Tao 
Published: January 2025

By using a tight-binding model, first-principles calculations, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we theoretically demonstrate that the C76-Td-assembled two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice is stable at room temperature and is resistant to mechanical deformation. We disclose that each C76-Td mimics a single carbon atom (geometrically and electronically); hence, it plays the role of one supercarbon. This inspires that the 2D material exhibits an exotic hourglass-like fermion at the Fermi level. Furthermore, we suggest that biaxial strains could modify the hourglass shape, including the electronic Fermi velocity, and induce magnetization. Hexagonal boron nitride can be employed as a protective layer without affecting the electronic structure of this material. This hourglass fermion has the potential to serve as a promising material for high-speed electronic devices and to bridge the gap between zero-dimensional spherical carbon clusters and two-dimensional graphene.
Strain rebound and inhomogeneity in glass-to-metal seals: Radial vs axial strain evolution
Authors: Gong Keqian , Liu Zheng , Song Zifeng , Zhou Chao , Shi Zhangjing , Nie Siyue , Zhou Weisong , Yan He , Fan Zhichun , Zhang Yong 
Published: January 2025

Glass, as a widely used amorphous material, often undergoes pre-stressing during processing to enhance its stability, with glass-to-metal (GTM) seal being a prominent example. Despite extensive studies on residual stress/strain in sealing glass, critical gaps remain in decoupling directional strains and understanding their in situ evolution during the cooling process, especially with respect to their microstructural origins. This study employs advanced fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in situ monitoring to decouple and independently analyze radial and axial strain evolution, providing novel insights into the mechanical anisotropy of sealing glass. The results revealed significant directional strain inhomogeneity throughout the cooling process, with strain evolution characterized by five distinct phases: zero-strain, rapid strain increase, gradual strain increase, significant strain rebound, and strain stabilization. Notably, axial strain froze earlier than radial strain (590 °C vs 575 °C): a counterintuitive finding attributed to free volume (FV) dynamics within the glass. Both directions exhibited pronounced strain rebound at lower temperatures, driven by the accumulation of smaller rebound events, effectively explained by FV theory. Moreover, the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between the glass and the metal housing significantly amplified radial strain, resulting in marked directional differences in strain behavior. Finite element analysis further corroborated these findings, confirming more pronounced variations in axial strain compared to the more uniform behavior observed in radial strain. These results underscore the anisotropic mechanical response of sealing glass within GTM seals, emphasize the value of FBG in situ monitoring for understanding strain evolution, and provide insights into enhancing the reliability of GTM seals across various applications.
Half a century of change in floristics and structure in an urban grassy woodland: implications for conservation management
Authors: Kirkpatrick Jamie B. , Jenkinson Ian , Bridle Kerry L. 
Published: January 2025

Context Vegetation remnants enveloped by built up areas tend to drift away in their character from vegetation on similar sites in more extensive patches of native vegetation, but may stabilise in synthetic (novel) form with time in harmony with disturbance regimes and environmental change. Managers may be able to induce a synthetic state that maintains the nature conservation values of such remnants. Aims We examine the degree to which the nature conservation values of the the vegetation of a 19th century urban reserve in nipaluna (Hobart), lutruwita (Tasmania) changed between 1974 and 2022/23 in a period of climate change and changes in vegetation management, with the aim of discerning appropriate conservation management regimes. Methods Sixty-nine 1 × 15 m quadrats were randomly located in the non-cultivated part of the Domain in 1974 and roughly relocated for sampling in 1984, 1994, 2001 and 2022. Tree diameters were recorded using the point-centred quarter method in 1974, 1984, 1994, 2001 and 2023. The responses of native and exotic species richness, and the frequency of the more common species, to time and other predictor variables related to time since last fire, evidence of mowing at the time of the survey, and topography were determined using linear modelling, correlation, analysis of variance and chi-squared. Key results The native tree Allocasuarina verticillata was the only significantly varying consistent increaser of 67 taxa. The native perennial herbs Acaena echinata and Leptorhynchos squamatus and the non-native shrubby weed Chrysanthemoides monilifera were the only significantly varying consistent decreasers. However, several rare and threatened species too infrequent for statistical analysis also declined between 2022/23 and 2000. Twenty-four of the 67 taxa with sufficient data for analysis did not significantly vary among years. The percentage of native species in quadrats did not change through time. It was negatively related to mowing and the time since fire. Native tree stems 10–30 cm in diameter and those over 30 cm increased through time, whereas those less than 10 cm in diameter increased dramatically until 2000, then strongly decreased by 2023. Total stem density increased through time. Conclusions Mowing and fire regimes strongly influenced the distributions of a large proportion of native taxa independent of time and underlying environment, largely by controlling the density of the small tree layer, which can potentially form closed-forest without eucalypts. Implications It is possible to use fire, mowing and slashing to maintain nature conservation values in synthetic urban grassy woodland, although the maintenance of the rarest native species requires more specific and varied interventions.
Inducing sympathies and antipathies
Authors: Samson Christina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Conflicts have always been highly newsworthy. They receive massive coverage while inducing readers’
sympathies or antipathies, depending on which party in conflict they identify with. By adopting a corpus-assisted
approach integrated with discourse analysis, this study focuses on how, in a small corpus of letters published in the
press during the 1857–58 uprisings in India, the most frequent keywords and collocation patterns represent the events.
The emerging data indicate how language is used to generate emotive reactions towards the Indian rebels in the
readership, while legitimising the East India Company officials’ actions with the purpose of developing a sense of
shared beliefs in an English identity across the empire by connecting personal concerns to a wider sense of public
engagement.
Language and ideology
Authors: Martini Isabella 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper combines corpus linguistics and discourse analysis to answer the question: What was the
ideological stance on the Armenian Question in letters to the editor during the years of the genocide, and how was
this stance expressed? A quantitative and qualitative linguistic analysis on a corpus of LTE published in The
Times between 1914 and 1926 combines a corpus-driven approach with corpus-assisted discourse analysis.
The analysis of keywords and their frequent collocates and clusters shows a more nuanced picture than the simple
ideology of positive ingroup vs. negative outgroup. First, the Armenian side also receives negative
evaluations, albeit not detracting from its victim status. Secondly, there is a further negative outgroup apart from
the Turks, namely the British government.
Convergence rate of Tikhonov regularization for identifying parameters in the elastic wave system under a positive condition
Authors: Zhang Wensheng , Huang Huiming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates convergence rate of Tikhonov regularization for identifying parameters in the two-dimensional elastic wave system in the frequency domain formulation. We assume that we know the imprecise measurement data in the domain with a measurement error of level δ > 0. In order to determine the three media parameters in the system, we propose a new functional and deal with the parameter identification problem by minimizing the regularized functional. We first prove the differentiability of the parameter-to-solution mapping under a positive condition related to the Korn constant or the diameter of domain, the wave frequency, density and the second Lamé parameter. Then we prove the convexity of the functional and that the minimizing problem attains a unique global minimum on the admissible set. Furthermore, a new relatively weaker source condition is established. Finally we prove the convergence rate of the Tikhonov regularized solution is

O
(

δ

)

under the easily satisfied source condition.
Train axlebox bearing composite fault denoising method based on SVMD and dual threshold classification criteria
Authors: Xue Hai , Chen Jiangtao , Bai Yongliang , Ye Cenglin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The increase in train operating speed and the alteration of the wheel-rail contact relationship, which have resulted in a deterioration of the service conditions of axlebox bearings, render the composite bearing failure characteristics susceptible to being obliterated by robust background noise. In order to effectively filter out redundant noise and accurately extract the fault characteristics, a dual-threshold signal denoising method is constructed based on successive variational mode decomposition (SVMD) and combining the Euclidean distance and kurtosis characteristic (Dual-EDK). The validity of the proposed method is effective by the composite fault data of axlebox bearings on the equal scale test bench. Firstly, the signal is adaptively decomposed into K components by SVMD, which are classified into three categories by Dual-EDK: effective IMF, noisy IMF and noise IMF. Then, the effective IMF is retained, while the noisy IMF is discarded. Wavelet soft threshold (WST) is employed to reduce the noisy IMF, reconstruct effective IMF and denoising noisy IMF, and envelope demodulation is used to achieve noise reduction. Finally, the composite fault signals at both normal operating speeds and critical speed of instability are collated and subjected to analysis by the test bench. This is done in order to ascertain the efficacy of the proposed method by comparing the results with those obtained through the traditional approach. The results of the analysis demonstrate that, in comparison to VMD, the SNR is enhanced by 27.6% and the&#xD;RMSE is diminished by 7.4% at normal operating speeds, the SNR is augmented by 26.2% and the RMSE is reduced by 9.6% at the unstable critical speed. These outcomes illustrate that the proposed method is capable of effectively extracting the denoising characteristic components of bearing faults, and that it has a pronounced impact.&#xD;
A high-temperature superconducting bulk average critical current density parameter matching method based on levitation force
Authors: Lei Wuyang , Feng Yicheng , Peng Can , Yin Peiyu , Deng Zigang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic levitation has advantages such as integrated levitation and guidance, no inherent magnetic resistance, and operation in the liquid nitrogen temperature range. However, the superconducting bulk properties are complicated in HTS magnetic levitation, the behavior and average critical current density parameters of different superconducting bulks are different. This paper proposes a parameter matching method to obtain suitable average critical current density in 2D and 3D simulation. The experiment conducts the levitation force and guidance force measurement of different superconducting bulks. The difference in levitation force between different HTS bulks levitating above the permanent magnet guideway is much better consistent than that of the guidance force. Therefore, the levitation force curve at a 40 mm field cooling height (FCH) to 10 mm working height is chosen as the reference data for the parameter matching curve. The suitable critical current density parameters are obtained for both 2D and 3D models. In the 2D simulation model, the J
c0 ranges from 3.863 × 107 A m−2 to 1.283 × 108 A m−2. In the 3D simulation model, the critical current density ranges from 4.036 × 108 A m−2 to 5.343 × 108 A m−2. After parameter matching with the experimental data of the 40 mm FCH, the levitation force at other FCHs is also well matched with the experimental results, indicating that the parameter matching method is suitable. This research can provide a method for acquiring the average critical current density choice in the simulation.
Quantum Field Theory of black hole perturbations with backreaction. Part II. Spherically symmetric 2nd order Einstein sector
Authors: Neuser J. , Thiemann T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this second paper of our series we focus on the classical pure gravity sector of spherically
symmetric black hole perturbations and expand the reduced Hamiltonian to second order.
To compare our manifestly gauge invariant formalism with established results in the literature
we have to translate our results derived in Gullstrand-Painlevé gauge to the gauges used
in those works. After several canonical transformations we expectedly find exact agreement
with the Hamiltonian given by Moncrief which generates the Regge-Wheeler and Zerilli equations
of motion for the linear axial (often denoted odd) and polar (often denoted even) perturbations
respectively. This confirms the validity of our method which includes backreaction and
easily generalises to higher orders.
Prospects for the detection of dark matter with long-lived mediators in the Sun using the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory
Authors: Andrade Micael , Fagiani Juan , Siqueira Clarissa , de Souza Vitor , Viana Aion 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The operation of the next generation of gamma-ray observatories will lead to a great
advance in dark matter searches. In this paper, we use the hidden sectors hypothesis within the
so-called secluded models to calculate the capabilities of the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray
Observatory (SWGO) to detect gamma-ray signatures produced by dark matter particles concentrated
in the Sun. We assume the dark matter particle annihilates into metastable mediators which decay
into γγ, e+e-, τ+τ-, and b̅b outside the Sun. We found that the
SWGO will be able to probe a spin-dependent cross-section of about 10-46 cm2 for dark
matter masses smaller than 5 TeV. This result shows an unprecedented sensitivity surpassing the
current instruments by more than one order of magnitude.
Testing gravity with the latent heat of neutron star matter
Authors: Moreno Pablo Navarro , Wojnar Aneta , Llanes-Estrada Felipe J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Seidov limit is a bound on the maximum latent heat that a presumed first-order phase
transition of neutron-star matter can have before its excess energy density, not compensated by
additional pressure, results in gravitational collapse. Because latent heat forces an apparent
nonanalytic behaviour in plots correlating physical quantities (kinks in two-dimensional, ridges
in three-dimensional ones), it can be constrained by data. As the onset of collapse depends on
the intensity of gravity, testing for sudden derivative changes and, if they are large, breaching
the Seidov limit would reward with two successive discoveries: such a phase transition (which
could stem from hadron matter but also from a gravitational phase transition), and a modification
of General Relativity (thus breaking the matter/gravity degeneracy). We illustrate the point with
f(R) = R + αR
2 metric gravity.
Dynamics of operator size distribution in q-local quantum Brownian SYK and spin models
Authors: Xu Shenglong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study operator dynamics in Brownian quantum many-body models with q-local interactions. The operator dynamics are characterized by the time-dependent size distribution, for which we derive an exact master equation in both the Brownian Majorana Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev model and the spin model for general q. This equation can be solved numerically for large systems. Additionally, we obtain the analytical size distribution in the large N limit for arbitrary initial conditions and q. The distributions for both models take the same form, related to the χ-squared distribution by a change of variable, and strongly depend on the initial condition. For small initial sizes, the operator dynamics are characterized by a broad distribution that narrows as the initial size increases. When the initial operator size is below q − 2 for the Majorana model or q − 1 for the spin model, the distribution diverges in the small size limit at all times. The mean size of all operators, which can be directly measured by the out-of-time ordered correlator, grows exponentially during the early time. In the late time regime, the mean size for a single Majorana or Pauli operator for all q decays exponentially as

t

e

−
t

, much slower than all other operators, which decay as e
−t
. At finite N, the size distribution exhibits modulo-dependent branching within a symmetry sector for the

q
⩾
8

Majorana model and the

q
⩾
4

spin model. Our results reveal universal features of operator dynamics in q-local quantum many-body systems.
Tempering Temperature Effect on the Static and Impact Properties of 51CrV4 and 55Cr3 Spring Steels
Authors: TOKTAŞ Gülcan , BİÇER Adem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the impact of tempering temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of 51CrV4 and 55Cr3 spring steels, which are commonly utilized in the manufacturing of leaf springs. These springs are integral components of suspension systems in both land and railway vehicles. The steels were hardened through austenitizing at 870 °C for 30 min, followed by oil quenching. Subsequently, they were tempered at 300 °C, 375 °C, 450 °C, and 525 °C for 120 min. Mechanical testing (including hardness and tensile tests) and both micro and macrostructural analyses were carried out to assess the effect of tempering temperature. Additionally, impact tests at various temperatures were performed to evaluate the influence of tempering on ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). X-ray diffraction was employed for phase analyses while scanning electron microscopy was utilized to examine fracture surfaces. The quenching/tempering processes resulted in strengths that were two to three times higher and lower hardening capacities below 0.05 in comparison to the normalizing treatment. The steels achieved their maximum ultimate tensile strengths above 1800 N/mm2 at 300 °C, with decreasing values as the tempering temperature increased. The hardness of 51CrV4 steel surpassed that of 55Cr3, attributed to the hardenability and precipitation-strengthening effects provided by the Cr and V content. Furthermore, impact energies increased with increasing testing temperatures (40 °C, 0 °C, 25 °C, and +80 °C), with both steels tempered at 525 °C exhibiting higher and satisfactory impact energies across all testing temperatures, exceeding 15 J and 20 J, respectively. In addition, the tempered steels did not show a well-defined DBTT, while only the DBTT of normalized 51CrV4 steel was clearly determined at 0°C.&#xD;
Automated quantum system modeling with machine learning
Authors: Mukherjee K , Schachenmayer J , Whitlock S , Wüster S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite the complexity of quantum systems in the real world, models with just a few effective many-body states often suffice to describe their quantum dynamics, provided decoherence is accounted for. We show that a machine learning algorithm is able to construct such models, given a straightforward set of quantum dynamics measurements. The effective Hilbert space can be a black box, with variations of the coupling to just one accessible output state being sufficient to generate the required training data. We demonstrate through simulations of a Markovian open quantum system that a neural network can automatically detect the number N of effective states and the most relevant Hamiltonian terms and state-dephasing processes and rates. For systems with

N
⩽
5

we find typical mean relative errors of predictions in the

10
%

range. With more advanced networks and larger training sets, it is conceivable that a future single software can provide the automated first stop solution to model building for an unknown device or system, complementing and validating the conventional approach based on physical insight into the system.
How legitimate are urban climate planning processes? A comparative assessment of Accra, Ahmedabad, Bonn and São Paulo
Authors: Wagner Niklas , Pathak Minal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Urban climate action plans (UCAPs) guide cities in identifying key climate risks and in addressing climate change. Designed to guide urban transformation over decades through near-term and long-term actions reducing emissions and/or adapting to the consequences of climate change, UCAPs are intended to have significant impacts. Despite their significance for urban climate governance, the procedural quality of how UCAPs are created remains under-analysed. By analysing UCAPs of four cities from different regions of the world - Accra (Ghana), Bonn (Germany), São Paulo (Brazil), and Ahmedabad (India) - we unpack the quality of UCAP creation processes in terms of their legitimacy including whether and how key stakeholders were involved in shaping the plan. Drawing on 72 semi-structured interviews with actors involved in the plan-creation process and complemented by document analysis, this study conceptualises UCAP creation phases and assesses its quality using the framework of input, throughput, and output legitimacy. In terms of key actors, this study highlights the crucial role city networks played in designing and funding UCAP creation processes. Significant differences in UCAP legitimacy with regards to levels of co-production, transparency, accessibility, and substantive participation across the case studies are shown. Based on these findings this study provides actionable insights for the creation of legitimate and impactful UCAPs to promote just and equitable urban transformations.