bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse association of triglyceride‐glucose and triglyceride/HDL‐c indexes with serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels in US adults
Authors: Ji Li , Li Shuying , Yuan Tangbing , Li Shaoping , Shu Ruilu , Yang Haiming 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG) and the triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL‐c) are novel indicators for assessing insulin resistance (IR) in epidemiological studies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and these two indicators in the adult population of the United States. 14,380 participants aged 20 years and older were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyze the association between 25(OH)D and TyG, as well as TG/HDL‐c. Smooth fitting curves were employed to identify potential non‐linear relationships between 25(OH)D, TyG, and TG/HDL‐c. The findings revealed a negative association between 25(OH)D and TyG, with the effect being more pronounced in males and individuals with diabetes (p < 0.01). Similarly, 25(OH)D was negatively associated with TG/HDL‐c, with a stronger impact observed in males compared to females. The study population was divided into four quartiles based on 25(OH)D concentration, and TyG and TG/HDL‐c levels in Q3 and Q4 were lower than those in Q1. Furthermore, a non‐linear relationship was observed between 25(OH)D and TyG, with an inflection point at 19.352 ng/mL. A non‐linear relationship was also found between TG/HDL‐c and 25(OH)D, with an inflection point at 37.211 ng/mL. 25(OH)D is an independent factor significantly associated with TyG and TG/HDL‐c indexes. This negative association may be related to the role of 25(OH)D in insulin resistance.
Simultaneous detection of dual targets Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis using enzyme‐free strand displacement reaction
Authors: Yan Shixin , Xiao Yuling , Shen Ruijuan , Cheng Jiazhe , Zhang Yuling , Wu Nan , Chen Jinhao , Chen Jie , Zhang Peng , Geng Jia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEscherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis) are common food‐borne pathogens, which pose a very significant threat to the healthcare environment. The rapid detection of relevant bacteria can help control their rapid spread, while the traditional bacterial culture detection method is time‐consuming and not conducive to the rapid detection of pathogens. Recently, new detection methods for related pathogenic bacteria have emerged, but these methods are relatively complex, and few methods can detect two bacteria at the same time. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop multi‐target, convenient, and fast pathogen detection methods. This method successfully constructed an enzyme‐free fluorescent biosensor based on the adapter‐mediated strand displacement reaction to detect E. coli ATCC25922 and S. enteritidis ATCC13076. This method had an ultrasensitive detection limit of 0.7 CFU/mL and 0.61 CFU/mL within 20 min, with a broad linear range of 34–105 CFU/mL of E. coli and 17–106 CFU/mL of S. enteritidis, respectively. Importantly, the spiked recovery of the three clinical fluid samples performed well, which proved that this method had the potential to detect E. coli and S. enteritidis in clinical samples. The sensor constructed by this method can detect dual targets at the same time, increasing the possibility of large‐scale clinical use.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up After the Charles Procedure: Possibilities for Minimally Invasive Reconstructive Lymphedema Surgery With Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis: A Report of Four Cases
Authors: Krzesniak Natalia Ewa , Zaleska Marzanna , Mohos Balazs , Czedik‐Eysenberg Manon , Krammel Michaela , Tzou Chieh‐Han John 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Charles procedure (CP) is a potentially devastating treatment; however, in cases of an end stage of untreated or improperly treated lymphedema, it is the ultimate surgical therapy. As a life‐saving solution, it quickly relieves patients with giant, hypertrophic extremities, mostly in ambulation and hygiene maintenance. Nevertheless, long‐term results may disappoint both doctors and patients, who struggle with social stigma, the need for lifelong compression, massive lymphoedema in the distal parts of the feet, badly fitting shoes, excessive skin fibrosis, severe keratinization of skin‐grafted surfaces, periodic lymphorrhea from the resected areas, or acute and chronic inflammation. For these reasons, patients may seek further surgical help, even many years after treatment. This article describes findings in fluorescent lymphography with indocyanine green (ICG‐L) in four patients (49, 56, 56 years old females and 35 years old males) after CP and outcomes of treatment with lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA). In all patients, nonresected areas of the dorsum of the feet showed massive lymphedema stage II to III with dermal backflow (DB). In two patients, resected and skin‐grafted areas showed deep subfascial lymphatics with lazy flow and no DB. In the remaining two cases, resected areas showed massive DB. Patients were reluctant to undergo further extensive surgical treatment with lymph node transfers due to the trauma experienced after CP. Since they still struggle with residual lower extremity lymphedema in unresected areas of the lower limbs, we performed minimally invasive, physiologic LVA surgeries in their feet, and in one patient in proximal thighs. In all cases, the postoperative course was uneventful. The treatment brought relief, reducing the circumference of the feet by ~2 cm, and allowed the return to previously used shoes in a follow‐up of 18–36 months. This is the first report of ICG‐L findings in CP patients, who benefit from minimal invasive LVA surgery. This information might help improve the life quality of patients after CP.
Normal Form Formulae of Turing–Turing Bifurcation for Partial Functional Differential Equations With Nonlinear Diffusion
Authors: Xing Yue , Jiang Weihua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFor most systems, the appearance of Turing bifurcation means that it is possible to excite Turing–Turing bifurcation, thus inducing superimposed spatial patterns, multistable spatial patterns co‐existing, and others.It is undoubtedly of interest to qualitatively analyze the structures and stability of these spatially heterogeneous solutions generated by Turing–Turing bifurcation. Therefore, in this paper, with the aid of the center manifold theory and the normal form method, for general partial functional differential equations with nonlinear diffusion, the third‐order normal form is firstly derived. It is locally topologically equivalent to the primitive partial functional differential equations at the Turing–Turing bifurcation point. And then the explicit formulae for the coefficients in the normal form associated with three different spatial modes are presented. As an application, a predator–prey model with predator–taxis is considered. It is theoretically revealed that the system admits the coexistence of a pair of stable steady states with a single characteristic wavelength and the coexistence of four stable steady states with different single characteristic wavelengths. Further, the parameter regions in which these phenomena will arise are quantitatively given. It is illustrated that the self‐diffusion of prey and predator–taxis complement each other to promote the formation for the spatially homogeneous distributions of populations.
A Family of Effective Spectral CG Methods With an Adaptive Restart Scheme
Authors: Zheng Haiyan , Zeng Xiaping , Liu Pengjie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a family of effective spectral conjugate gradient methods with an adaptive restart scheme for solving unconstrained optimization problems. First, we construct a new composite conjugate parameter with two parameters by employing a convex combination of classical conjugate parameters and their variants. Then, we use the spectral technique to guarantee that the search direction possesses the sufficient descent property independent of any line search. Additionally, we incorporate a new spectral gradient‐based adaptive restart scheme to ensure the global convergence of the family under weak Wolfe line search and obtain iteration complexity results under Armijo line search. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments on unconstrained optimization problems and image restoration applications to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed family.
Stochastic Gompertzian Model for Parathyroid Tumor Growth
Authors: Partal Tugcem , Bayram Mustafa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we study on the behavior and growth of parathyroid tumor in the human body. We investigate the change of parathyroid cancer cell with respect to time, obtained from the deterministic Gompertz model through 41 actual patients in the literature. Then we describe the stochastic Gompertz model based on deterministic Gompertz law and obtain the diffusion coefficient for our stochastic model, using the data taken from the patients. We compare the stochastic and deterministic results at the same graph. Also, we numerically solve the defined stochastic differential using the Euler–Maruyama, Milstein, stochastic Runge–Kutta, and Taylor methods. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of each of these methods using graphs and error table.
Exploring Subordination and Argument Behavior in a New Class of Analytic Functions
Authors: Göksel Izzet , Bekçi Zeynep , Melike Aydoğan Seher , Sakar Fethiye Müge 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe class includes functions with a specific starting term and higher‐order terms in their series, and studying these functions involves examining their analytic properties, argument behavior, and subordination characteristics, which lead to various interesting and significant results in complex analysis. The functions within are designed to explore properties that arise from their structure and the way their series are constructed, and the main interest in this class lies in analyzing how these functions behave in various mathematical contexts, particularly in relation to argument shifts and the relationships between different functions. In a nutshell, the class offers a framework for examining a specific type of analytic function with a structured series expansion, thereby allowing for a deeper investigation into their mathematical properties and applications. The new class , which is related to the class , is characterized by functions that are analytic in the open unit disk and have a specific series expansion involving fractional powers. The object of this paper is to discuss some interesting applications of concerning argument problems and subordinations, and furthermore, prominent examples for the main results are given.
Miniaturized Single‐ and Dual‐Band Bandpass Filters With Low Loss Based on Folded Stepped‐Impedance Resonators
Authors: Cai Junhong , Dong Yuandan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this article, miniaturized single‐ and dual‐band bandpass filters (BPFs) with low loss are proposed for WI‐FI application. A novel structure of a half‐wavelength (λ/2) and quarter‐wavelength (λ/4) vertically folded stepped‐impedance resonators (FSIRs) is introduced, which significantly reduce the overall size of the filters. Additionally, the multi‐zero characteristics of the λ/2 FSIR and the introduction of flexible mixed‐coupling enhance the stopband performance of the single‐band BPF. Meanwhile, a coplanar waveguide feeding structure is chosen, allowing both single‐ and dual‐band BPFs to be implemented on a low‐cost single‐layer dielectric substrate. Small‐sized single‐band BPF with a low loss of 0.22 dB and dual‐band BPF with a low loss of 0.77 dB/0.93 dB are implemented and fabricated. The measured results agree well with the full‐wave simulations.
Three‐dimensional whole‐body imaging of the bioreduction and clearance of nitroxide probes in the thoracic and abdominal regions of mice using a compact and mobile electron paramagnetic resonance imager
Authors: Sato‐Akaba Hideo , Emoto Miho C. , Fujii Hirotada G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeRedox homeostasis plays a key role in regulating the overall health and development of organisms. This study aimed to develop a compact and mobile continuous‐wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imager to facilitate stable, highly sensitive fast three‐dimensional (3D) whole‐body imaging of nitroxide‐infused mice.MethodsA multiturn loop gap resonator with a diameter of 30 mm and length of 35 mm was designed for whole‐body EPR imaging. A compact and mobile CW‐EPR imager operating at 750 MHz was developed using this resonator. The automatic matching and tuning control systems were also adjusted to compensate for perturbations caused by the movement of the mice.ResultsWhen the mice were inserted into the resonator, the resonant frequency was easily determined for all parts of the mouse, from the head to the lower abdomen. 3D EPR images of the mouse body from the thoracic region to the lower abdomen were obtained following infusion of a nitroxide, 3‐carboxy‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidine‐1‐oxyl (CxP). The EPR images clearly visualized the CxP distribution in various organs at different concentrations. Time‐dependent EPR images also revealed that the signal intensities of the CxP decayed over time, and the decay rates for the heart, liver, and kidneys were evaluated.ConclusionA compact and mobile EPR imager that enables 3D whole‐body EPR image of nitroxide in mice was developed. The EPR imager exhibited long‐term stability against motion effects caused by respiratory motion and heartbeats in mice. The EPR images clearly visualized the in vivo distribution, clearance, and metabolism of the nitroxide in organs.
A Stable Mixed Finite Element Method for the Simulation of Stokes Flow Using Divergence Balanced H(Div)‐L2 Pair of Approximation Spaces
Authors: Puga Carlos H. C. , Avancini Giovane , Shauer Nathan , Carvalho Pablo G. S. , Devloo Philippe R. B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Stokes equations are used to model the motion of fluid flows where inertial terms can be neglected. Traditional finite element approaches such as the Taylor–Hood element do not ensure local conservation pointwise of the mass. This can be achieved by employing a mixed formulation with the proper combination of and spaces. In this context, this article presents a new hybrid‐hybrid formulation to solve the Stokes equations. By applying Lagrange multipliers, the continuity of the tangential velocity is enforced, which is not intrinsically guaranteed by spaces. In addition, a variation of the traditional space, called Hdiv‐C, is used to approximate the fields. The Hdiv‐C space is created using concepts of the exact De Rham sequence and is shown to yield a smaller global system of equations than traditional finite element spaces. A two‐dimensional manufactured solution problem and the three‐dimensional Annular‐Couette flow problem are used to verify the hybrid‐hybrid formulation's convergence rates, which are compared to Taylor–Hood's results. Application examples based on lab‐on‐chip mixers are analyzed to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. The examples consist of three different serpentine channel geometries: two in two dimensions (a sinusoidal and a “bumped” serpentine) and one in three dimensions (a C‐shape serpentine). The results show that the hybrid‐hybrid formulation combined with the Hdiv‐C space is suitable for solving Stokes problems with optimal convergence rates, comparable to the Taylor–Hood element.
Global Length and Overhang Control for Level Set and Density Approaches via Perimeter Minimization
Authors: Torres Jose , Otero Fermin , Ferrer Alex 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTopology optimization is probably one of the most efficient techniques for structural design. However, running topology optimization without geometry control provides complex designs, which often are manufactured with additive manufacturing methods. Consequently, a fundamental aspect in topology optimization is to consider the following additive manufacturing constraints: minimal length scale and overhang. The aim of this paper is to propose a new numerical method to control globally such additive manufacturing constraints. The idea relies on penalizing a regularized version of the perimeter: an isotropic version for global length and an anisotropic version for overhang. Besides, we show that the method may be used with density and level set approaches. Several numerical examples, including compliant mechanisms and material design, show that some bars have been removed, decreasing the complexity of the shape, and vertical tendency orientation of boundaries is generally obtained.
A Bilevel Optimal Control Method and Application to the Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Cots Olivier , Dutto Rémy , Jan Sophie , Laporte Serge 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this article we present a new numerical method based on a bilevel decomposition of optimal control problems. A strong connection between the proposed method and the classical indirect multiple shooting method is shown in the regular case, thanks to a link between the Bellman's value function and the costate from the Pontryagin maximum principle. The value functions are needed in our bilevel decomposition but they are generally difficult to compute. We approximate them by neural networks that have a high potential of generalization and that provide an efficient computation of the gradient of the cost function. We apply the proposed method to an industrial problem, consisting of the determination of torque split and gear shift of a hybrid electric vehicle, the objective being the minimization of the fuel consumption on a given representative cycle. Numerical methods and results are discussed, as well as the possible improvements of the proposed approach.
Estimation of Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of Supercapacitors Using Charging/Discharging Kinetics
Authors: Adel Mohamed Y. , Mohammed Omar B. , Younis Ahmad T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOne of the key parameters that affects efficiency, power density and performance of a supercapacitor (SC) is the equivalent series resistance (ESR). In this study we propose a method to estimate ESR from the charging kinetics which has practical applications. Therefore, to study the ESR of the SC we must look at the different factors that affect this resistance. In this study, the rise time extracted from the charging kinetics curves of the SC was used as an indirect method to investigate the ESR of the SC. Three different parameters were taken into account: ionic mobility, solvent material and pore cavity size of the porous electrode. The results offer enlightening information for optimizing the design of the SC with higher performance and smaller ESR values that will be translated into a better energy storage technologies.
Effect of ligand bond structure on self‐healing properties of XNBR/CuCl2 at different temperatures
Authors: Zhang Xinru , Guo Ao , Li Rui , Li Xiaoxiao , Hou Yanbing , Zhang Yandan , Han Jingjie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetal coordination bonds can be coordinated to specific functional groups in polymers. This special coordination can give the material excellent self‐healing and mechanical properties. Nitrile rubber (XNBR)/CuCl2 composites were prepared by solid‐state blending. By changing the coordination reaction temperature, different coordination bonds were formed between the nitrile rubber and copper ions. The starting temperature of the coordination reaction was determined to be 100°C by observing the changes in the coordination reaction curve. With the increase of temperature from 100°C to 190°C, the copper ions' oxidation state was raised to 3, while part of C ≡ N was transformed to C=N at high temperature. Quantitative analysis revealed that the linear coordination [Cu2+–NL] was predominantly triple‐coordinated, and the curved coordination [Cu3+–NB] was coordinated in the form of ionic clusters. In addition to this, the formation of linear coordination bonds was easier and more reversible based on the calculation of the apparent activation energy of the coordination reaction. Macroscopically, the mechanical properties and self‐repairing ability of XNBR/CuCl2‐10‐100°C were higher than those of XNBR/CuCl2‐10‐190°C. The design of cross‐linked XNBR with good mechanical properties and recycling performance was of great significance in protecting the environment and realizing sustainable development.Highlights
XNBR/CuCl2‐10‐100°C composites mainly form linear coordination [Cu2+–3NL].
XNBR/CuCl2‐10‐190°C composites form bending coordination [Cu3+–NB].
[Cu3+–NB] is stronger than [Cu2+–NL] but less reversible.
Recycled tire rubber as reinforcement for erosion‐resistant epoxy composites
Authors: Korkusuz Orkan Baran , Yarar Eser , Sınmazçelik Tamer 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe aim of the study was to develop environmentally friendly, low‐cost, and highly erosion‐resistant composites using rubber particles recycled from waste tires as reinforcement. The effects of impingement angle, weight fraction, and particle size were investigated. While neat epoxy exhibited a maximum erosion rate at 30°, rubber/epoxy did so at 15°, or in the range of 15°–30°. The erosion behavior of epoxy became more ductile as a result of rubber reinforcement. Rubber particle reinforcement significantly reduced the maximum erosion rate, especially at 30°. At this angle, the erosion rate of neat epoxy was 1.88 × 10−4 g/g, while that of the composite with the highest resistance was 1 × 10−4 g/g. The increases in weight fraction and particle size enhanced erosion resistance. Statistical analysis revealed that their individual effects were close. The regression model exhibited high accuracy with coefficients of R2 (99.29%) and R2(adj) (98.10%), confirming its reliability. Its predictive capability was measured as R2 (pred) at 91.88%. The erosion efficiencies were below 1%. It confirmed the ductile erosion mechanism. The decrease in erosion efficiency provided high erosion resistance. Morphological analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. The erosion‐resistant rubber/epoxy composites are recommended for use as coating.Highlights
Reuse of waste tires as a reinforcement is possible.
Rubber particles significantly enhanced erosion resistance.
The composites exhibited highly ductile erosion behavior.
Erosion rate decreased with increasing in weight fraction and particle size.
Morphological examination revealed that erosion damage was not severe.