bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of the Alcohol Message Perceived Effectiveness Scale
Authors: Jongenelis Michelle I. , Drane Catherine , Hasking Penelope , Chikritzhs Tanya , Miller Peter , Hastings Gerard , Pettigrew Simone 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo assist intervention developers assess the likely effectiveness of messages designed to encourage greater use of protective behavioral strategies, this study developed and tested the Alcohol Message Perceived Effectiveness Scale (AMPES). Recommendations from the message effectiveness literature were used to guide AMPES development. The resulting scale was administered in online surveys at two time points to Australian drinkers aged 18–70 years (3001 at Time 1 and 1749 at Time 2). An exploratory factor analysis identified the presence of two factors (‘effect perceptions’ and ‘message perceptions’) that accounted for 71% of the variance in scores. Internal consistency of scores was good for the overall scale (ω = 0.83) and ‘effect perceptions’ factor (ω = 0.85), but suboptimal for the ‘message perceptions’ factor (α = 0.60). Scores on both factors significantly predicted enactment of protective behavioral strategies. The AMPES appears to be an appropriate tool to assess perceived message effectiveness and assist in the development of public health messages designed to reduce alcohol consumption.
A laboratory platform for studying rotational dust flows in a plasma crystal irradiated by a 10 keV electron beam
Authors: Ticoş D. , Constantin E. , Mitu M. L. , Scurtu A. , Ticoş C. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA novel laboratory platform has been designed and built for the irradiation of a plasma crystal (PC) with an electron beam (e-beam) having an energy around 10 keV and a current of tens of milliamperes. The pulsed e-beam collimated to a few millimeter-size spot is aimed at a crystal made of dust particles levitated in a radio-frequency (RF) plasma. The platform consists of three vacuum chambers connected in-line, each with different utility: one for generating free electrons in a pulsed hollow-anode Penning discharge, another for the extraction and acceleration of electrons at $$\sim 10$$

∼
10

kV and for focusing the e-beam in the magnetic field of a pair of circular coils, and the last one for producing PCs above a RF-driven electrode. The main challenge is to obtain both a stable e-beam and PC by insuring appropriate gas pressures, given that the e-beam is formed in high vacuum ($$\lesssim 10^{-4}$$

≲

10

-
4

Torr), while the PC is produced at much higher pressures ($$\gtrsim 10^{-1}$$

≳

10

-
1

Torr). The main diagnostics include a high speed camera, a Faraday cup and a Langmuir probe. Two applications concerned with the creation of a pair of dust flow vortices and the rotation of a PC by the drag force of the e-beam acting on the strongly coupled dust particles are presented. The dust flow can become turbulent as demonstrated by the energy spectrum, featuring vortices at different space scales.
Evaluation of the host immune response assay SeptiCyte RAPID for potential triage of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Montero Maria Milagro , Hardy-Werbin Max , Gonzalez-Gallardo Soledad , Torres Erica , Rueda Rebeca , Hannet Irene , Kirk James T. , Yager Thomas D. , Navalkar Krupa , Arenas Maria del Mar , Arietta-Aldea Itziar , Castañeda Silvia , Gómez-Junyent Joan , Gómez-Zorrilla Silvia , Guerri-Fernandez Roberto , Sanchez-Martinez Francisca , López-Montesinos Immaculada , Pelegrín Ivan , Sendra Elena , Sorlí Luisa , Villar-García Judith , Bellosillo Beatriz , Horcajada Juan Pablo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTools for the evaluation of COVID-19 severity would help clinicians with triage decisions, especially the decision whether to admit to ICU. The aim of this study was to evaluate SeptiCyte RAPID, a host immune response assay (Immunexpress, Seattle USA) as a triaging tool for COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization and potentially ICU care. SeptiCyte RAPID employs a host gene expression signature consisting of the ratio of expression levels of two immune related mRNAs, PLA2G7 and PLAC8, measured from whole blood samples. Blood samples from 146 adult SARS-CoV-2 (+) patients were collected within 48 h of hospital admission in PAXgene blood RNA tubes at Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, between July 28th and December 1st, 2020. Data on demographics, vital signs, clinical chemistry parameters, radiology, interventions, and SeptiCyte RAPID were collected and analyzed with bioinformatics methods. The performance of SeptiCyte RAPID for COVID-19 severity assessment and ICU admission was evaluated, relative to the comparator of retrospective clinical assessment by the Hospital del Mar clinical care team. In conclusion, SeptiCyte RAPID was able to stratify COVID-19 cases according to clinical severity: critical vs. mild (AUC = 0.93,p < 0.0001), critical vs. moderate (AUC = 0.77,p = 0.002), severe vs. mild (AUC = 0.85,p = 0.0003), severe vs. moderate (AUC = 0.63,p = 0.05). This discrimination was significantly better (by AUC orp-value) than could be achieved by CRP, lactate, creatine, IL-6, or D-dimer. Some of the critical or severe cases had “early” blood draws (before ICU admission; n = 33). For these cases, when compared to moderate and mild cases not in ICU (n = 37), SeptiCyte RAPID had AUC = 0.78 (p = 0.00012). In conclusion, SeptiCyte RAPID was able to stratify COVID-19 cases according to clinical severity as defined by the WHO COVID-19 Clinical Management Living Guidance of January 25th, 2021. Measurements taken early (before a patient is considered for ICU admission) suggest that high SeptiScores could aid in predicting the need for later ICU admission.
The impact of postoperative inclination of the joint line on clinical outcomes in total knee arthroplasty using a prosthesis with anatomical geometry
Authors: Yamada Manabu , Nakajima Arata , Sonobe Masato , Akatsu Yorikazu , Yamamoto Keiichiro , Saito Junya , Norimoto Masaki , Koyama Keita , Taniguchi Shinji , Aoki Yasuchika , Suguro Toru , Nakagawa Koichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate the impact of postoperative inclination of the joint line on clinical results after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a prosthesis with anatomical geometry. This study included 145 primary cruciate-retaining type of knee prosthesis with anatomical geometry. Three years postoperatively, clinical outcomes including the patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were recorded. Limb alignment was evaluated by the hip-knee-ankle (HKA) axis and inclination of the joint line was assessed by the joint line orientation angle (JLOA). Knees were divided into two groups according to the HKA: in-range (− 3 to 3°) and outlier group (< − 3° or > 3°) or the JLOA: in-range (2–4°) and outlier group (< 2° or > 4°), and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Postoperative Knee Society Function Score (KS-FS) was significantly higher in the HKA in-range group than the outlier group (p = 0.01). The Knee Society Knee Score and all subscales of the Knee injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score were comparable between the groups. A multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between age at operation and postoperative KS-FS > of 80 points. Neither HKA in-range nor JLOA in-range were associated with the higher knee function. In conclusion, TKA-postoperative inclination of the joint line was not relevant to the short-term PROs. Treatment strategies that attempt to make joint line inclination in order to improve postoperative PROs should be avoided, and alignment goals such as kinematic alignment should be considered carefully.
Genetic structure and relatedness of juvenile sicklefin lemon shark (Negaprion acutidens) at Dongsha Island
Authors: Liu Shang Yin Vanson , Chen Yu-Yun , Cheng Chi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNegaprion acutidens (sicklefin lemon shark) is distributed in the Indo-Pacific and in close association with coral reefs. Under the protection of the Dongsha Atoll National Park, a small but well-established juvenile population of N. acutidens inhabiting coastal areas of Dongsha Island was recently observed to display site fidelity by using acoustic telemetry. This study was designed to reveal the fine scale genetic structure and relatedness within and among 5 juvenile shark cohorts inhabiting 3 sampling sites at Dongsha Island. A total 188 juveniles were caught and sampled between 2016 and 2017, and genotyped with twelve loci. They were assigned to 5 year cohorts (2013–2017) based on the body length and date they were caught, also assigned to 3 sites based on where they were caught. Among five cohorts, the percentage of unrelated pairs within a cohort is more than 62% in average, suggesting a potential high mortality during their early life stage. The results of Fst and assignment testing showed that there was no significant genetic structure between sites and cohorts indicating that there was no fine scale genetic structure, even though the juveniles possessed strong site fidelity. A small effective population size (Ne) was detected (Ne = 86.7) which indicates the presence of a potentially isolated and vulnerable population at Dongsha. These results provide the genetic diversity as a baseline for future management and conservation of N. acutidens in the South China Sea.
Numerical and experimental study on monitoring coal cracks with PZT sensor
Authors: Zhu Chengyao , Li Runzhi , Gao Ke , Tang Zhiqiang , Liu Zeyi , Shi Lianzeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe rupture of coal pillar can lead to spontaneous combustion or collapse of goaf, which endangers the safety of workers. To explore the relationship between the crack depth of the coal structure and the signal received by the piezoelectric ceramic sensor, the output data of coal samples were analyzed by using the piezoelectric effect, combined with the experiment and ABAQUS simulation. Based on the signal amplitude, the output signal characteristics of the coal model with different crack depths were analyzed, and the evaluation index of coal crack cracking degree (Dc) was defined. The results show that the piezoelectric fluctuation method can effectively identify the local cracks of coal. When the distance between the lead Piezoelectric Transducer (PZT) patch and crack position is constant, the amplitude of the PZT patch output signal will decay with the deepening of the crack depth, while the value of increases with the increase of crack depth. This study provides a theoretical basis for mine disaster prevention and control.
Effects of shortening velocity on the stiffness to force ratio during isometric force redevelopment suggest mechanisms of residual force depression
Authors: Jeong Siwoo , Nishikawa Kiisa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough the phenomenon of residual force depression has been known for decades, the mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated mechanisms of residual force depression by measuring the stiffness to force ratio during force redevelopment after shortening at different velocities. The results showed that the slope of the relationship between muscle stiffness and force decreased with decreasing shortening velocity, and the y-intercept increased with decreasing shortening velocity. The differing slopes and y-intercepts indicate that the stiffness to force ratio during isometric force redevelopment depends on the active shortening velocity at a given muscle length and activation level. The greater stiffness to force ratio after active shortening can potentially be explained by weakly-bound cross bridges in the new overlap zone. However, weakly-bound cross bridges are insufficient to explain the reduced slope at the slowest shortening velocity because the reduced velocity should increase the proportion of weakly- to strongly-bound cross bridges, thereby increasing the slope. In addition, if actin distortion caused by active shortening recovers during the force redevelopment period, then the resulting slope should be similar to the non-linear slope of force redevelopment over time. Alternatively, we suggest that a tunable elastic element, such as titin, could potentially explain the results.
Artificial intelligence for automated detection of large mammals creates path to upscale drone surveys
Authors: Lenzi Javier , Barnas Andrew F. , ElSaid Abdelrahman A. , Desell Travis , Rockwell Robert F. , Ellis-Felege Susan N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImagery from drones is becoming common in wildlife research and management, but processing data efficiently remains a challenge. We developed a methodology for training a convolutional neural network model on large-scale mosaic imagery to detect and count caribou (Rangifer tarandus), compare model performance with an experienced observer and a group of naïve observers, and discuss the use of aerial imagery and automated methods for large mammal surveys. Combining images taken at 75 m and 120 m above ground level, a faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster-RCNN) model was trained in using annotated imagery with the labels: “adult caribou”, “calf caribou”, and “ghost caribou” (animals moving between images, producing blurring individuals during the photogrammetry processing). Accuracy, precision, and recall of the model were 80%, 90%, and 88%, respectively. Detections between the model and experienced observer were highly correlated (Pearson: 0.96–0.99, P value < 0.05). The model was generally more effective in detecting adults, calves, and ghosts than naïve observers at both altitudes. We also discuss the need to improve consistency of observers’ annotations if manual review will be used to train models accurately. Generalization of automated methods for large mammal detections will be necessary for large-scale studies with diverse platforms, airspace restrictions, and sensor capabilities.
Revisiting self-interference in Young’s double-slit experiments
Authors: Kim Sangbae , Ham Byoung S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuantum superposition is the heart of quantum mechanics as mentioned by Dirac and Feynman. In an interferometric system, single photon self-interference has been intensively studied over the last several decades in both quantum and classical regimes. In Born rule tests, the Sorkin parameter indicates the maximum number of possible quantum superposition allowed to the input photons entering an interferometer, where multi-photon interference fringe is equivalent to that of a classical version by a laser. Here, an attenuated laser light in a quantum regime is investigated for self-interference in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, and the results are compared with its classical version. The equivalent result supports the Born rule tests, where the classical interference originates in the superposition of individual single-photon self-interferences. This understanding sheds light on the fundamental physics of quantum features between bipartite systems.
Evolutionary fine-tuning of residual helix structure in disordered proteins manifests in complex structure and lifetime
Authors: Elkjær Steffie , Due Amanda D. , Christensen Lise F. , Theisen Frederik F. , Staby Lasse , Kragelund Birthe B. , Skriver Karen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTranscription depends on complex networks, where folded hub proteins interact with intrinsically disordered transcription factors undergoing coupled folding and binding. For this, local residual structure, a prototypical feature of intrinsic disorder, is key. Here, we dissect the unexplored functional potential of residual structure by comparing structure, kinetics, and thermodynamics within the model system constituted of the DREB2A transcription factor interacting with the αα-hub RCD1-RST. To maintain biological relevance, we developed an orthogonal evolutionary approach for the design of variants with varying amounts of structure. Biophysical analysis revealed a correlation between the amount of residual helical structure and binding affinity, manifested in altered complex lifetime due to changed dissociation rate constants. It also showed a correlation between helical structure in free and bound DREB2A variants. Overall, this study demonstrated how evolution can balance and fine-tune residual structure to regulate complexes in coupled folding and binding, potentially affecting transcription factor competition.
Water masses shape pico-nano eukaryotic communities of the Weddell Sea
Authors: Flegontova Olga , Flegontov Pavel , Jachníková Nikola , Lukeš Julius , Horák Aleš 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolar oceans belong to the most productive and rapidly changing environments, yet our understanding of this fragile ecosystem remains limited. Here we present an analysis of a unique set of DNA metabarcoding samples from the western Weddell Sea sampled throughout the whole water column and across five water masses with different characteristics and different origin. We focus on factors affecting the distribution of planktonic pico-nano eukaryotes and observe an ecological succession of eukaryotic communities as the water masses move away from the surface and as oxygen becomes depleted with time. At the beginning of this succession, in the photic zone, algae, bacteriovores, and predators of small eukaryotes dominate the community, while another community develops as the water sinks deeper, mostly composed of parasitoids (syndinians), mesoplankton predators (radiolarians), and diplonemids. The strongly correlated distribution of syndinians and diplonemids along the depth and oxygen gradients suggests their close ecological link and moves us closer to understanding the biological role of the latter group in the ocean ecosystem.
Anomalous optical response of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride substrates
Authors: Toksumakov Adilet N. , Ermolaev Georgy A. , Tatmyshevskiy Mikhail K. , Klishin Yuri A. , Slavich Aleksandr S. , Begichev Ilya V. , Stosic Dusan , Yakubovsky Dmitry I. , Kvashnin Dmitry G. , Vyshnevyy Andrey A. , Arsenin Aleksey V. , Volkov Valentyn S. , Ghazaryan Davit A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGraphene/hBN heterostructures can be considered as one of the basic building blocks for the next-generation optoelectronics mostly owing to the record-high electron mobilities. However, currently, the studies of the intrinsic optical properties of graphene are limited to the standard substrates (SiO2/Si, glass, quartz) despite the growing interest in graphene/hBN heterostructures. This can be attributed to a challenging task of the determination of hBN’s strongly anisotropic dielectric tensor in the total optical response. In this study, we overcome this issue through imaging spectroscopic ellipsometry utilizing simultaneous analysis of hBN’s optical response with and without graphene monolayers. Our technique allowed us to retrieve the optical constants of graphene from graphene/hBN heterostructures in a broad spectral range of 250–950 nm. Our results suggest that graphene’s absorption on hBN may exceed the one of graphene on SiO2/Si by about 60%.
Disseminated Juvenile Xanthogranuloma with a Novel MYH9-FLT3 Fusion Presenting as a Blueberry Muffin Rash in a Neonate
Authors: Clark Emily E. , Walton Mollie , Chow Lionel M.L. , Boyd J Todd , Yohannan M David , Arya Shreyas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractJuvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign proliferative histiocytic disorder of the dendritic cell phenotype. It mostly presents in the pediatric age group as a solitary skin lesion. We describe a rare case of an infant born with disseminated JXG who presented with a blueberry muffin rash at birth. A term infant was noted to have multiple petechiae, purple nodules, and macules (1 mm–2 cm in diameter) and hepatosplenomegaly, at the time of birth. Further investigations revealed thrombocytopenia and direct hyperbilirubinemia and a magnetic resonance imaging showed scattered tiny foci of restricted diffusion in multiple areas of the brain. Patient received multiple platelet transfusions in the first few weeks with gradual improvement in thrombocytopenia. Ultimately, a biopsy of one of the lesions revealed the diagnosis of disseminated JXG with notable atypical features. Somatic mutation analysis showed a novel MYH9-FLT3 fusion, but a bone marrow biopsy was negative. The lesions faded over time, relative to patient's growth and normal neurodevelopment was noted at 18 months of age. JXG should be considered in the differentials of blueberry muffin rash in an infant. Although, JXG is mostly a self-limited condition, congenital disseminated JXG may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Prevention of Mitral Ring Dehiscence by a Simple Modification of Suture Placement
Authors: Makarious Laham Majd , Easo Jerry , Roosta-Azad Mehdy , Kamler Markus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRing dehiscence is a serious complication after mitral valve annuloplasty, tending to occur primarily from the posterior annulus. The tension on the ring sutures during the cardiac cycle is one of the suspected reasons; to minimize this tension, we apply four additional pledgeted sutures positioned supra-annularly at critical hinge points and could achieve a marked reduction of annular dehiscence since.
Monocyte Distribution Width, a Novel Biomarker for Early Sepsis Screening and Comparison with Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Meraj Fatima , Shaikh Sumera , Maqsood Sidra , Kanani Fatima , Khan Hamza , Jamal Saba 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives Monocyte distribution width (MDW) can be used for the early recognition of sepsis. The study compared the diagnostic accuracy of the MDW with two well-known sepsis biomarkers, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Materials and Methods A study was conducted from July 2021 to October 2021, on 111 patients admitted to the Indus Hospital and Health Network. Patients from the ages of 1 to 90 years were enrolled if hospitalized for more than 24 hours for suspected sepsis to avoid inclusion of patients who had short-term stay in the emergency department. According to the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, the clinical team did the characterization of cases as with sepsis or without sepsis. SPSS version 24 was used, and the diagnostic accuracy of MDW was assessed and compared using the area under the curves (AUCs) acquired from receiver operating characteristic curves. Pearson's chi-square/Fisher's exact test (as per need) was applied to determine the association. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results Among 111 patients, 81 (73%) patients were labeled with sepsis and 30 (27%) were without sepsis. We have reported significantly higher MDW, PCT, and CRP levels in septic patients (p < 0.001). The AUC of MDW was comparable with PCT (0.794). Significant cutoff value for the MDW was greater than 20.24 U with 86% sensitivity and 73% specificity.
Conclusion MDW may have a predictive ability similar to PCT and CRP in terms of sepsis and, thus, can be used as a standard parameter for the timely diagnosis of sepsis.