bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of vegetation layer with lightweight foam concrete roof and active moving-air-cavity for attic temperature reduction
Authors: Yew Ming Chian , Tang Kai Feng , Yew Ming Kun , Saw Lip Huat , Yeo Wei Hong , Ng Tan Ching 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The roof is the primary heat source for landed buildings since it is exposed to the sun. This will lead to significant heat gain in the attic, causing thermal discomfort for the indoor dwellers and increasing cooling loads. An ideal cool roof system plays an important role in inhibiting excessive heat gain and lowering the cooling load for attic temperature reduction. The experiment was conducted indoors by projecting two 500 W halogen spotlights at each roof model to replace the sunlight. The temperature of roof surface, attic, and moving-air-cavity (MAC) were measured using K-type thermocouples. The variation of temperature versus time for each roof model was compared against the predecessor design and base model. Significantly, with the cool roof model integrating vegetation layer, lightweight foam concrete roof tile, and active MAC with solar-powered fans, the attic temperature remained cool at 26.9 °C with a rate of 0.003 °C/min, 96.77% lower than the based model with reinforced concrete roof. The outstanding performance is due to the inventive cool roof system comprising the ability to minimize the heat gain while circulating the hot air efficiently in keeping the attic cool.
The characteristics and production method between glazed and unglazed of ceramic and porcelain tiles by firing process: A review
Authors: Izam Najwa Syahirah Mohamed Nor , Itam Zarina , Beddu Salmia , Razeman Nurul Aqilah , Syamsir Agusril , Zawawi Mohd Hafiz , Zahari Nazirul Mubin , Kamal Nur Liyana Mohd , Mohamad Daud 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews the difference between glazed and unglazed ceramic and porcelain tiles, other than the fact that glazed tiles undergo an additional phase in the firing process. Both tiles are made of clay and burned in a kiln, but porcelain is a particular sort of ceramic. Porcelain clays have a greater density and are burnt at a higher temperature for a longer period time than ceramic clays. This makes it denser and more durable than ceramic tile. The variation in components and production process results in tiles with distinct properties. Although glazed ceramic and porcelain tiles are a little less robust in terms of density and thickness than their unglazed counterpart, they allow for a wider range of styles and colours. Some varieties of glazed tile are fired at higher temperatures than others, and therefore are harder as well. Unglazed tiles are denser and thicker than glazed tiles due to their unfinished appearance. In addition to safety, ceramic and unglazed ceramic tiles are scratch resistant. Because they have the colour of the mineral deposits from which the clay was originally mined, these tiles have a natural aesthetic. The major difference between ceramic and porcelain tiles is how it’s made. In conclusion, porcelain tiles are superior to ceramic tiles based on these reviews.
Design and experimental results of a 28 GHz, 400 kW gyrotron for electron cyclotron resonance heating
Authors: SUN Dimin , HUANG Qili , HU Linlin , HU Peng , ZHUO Tingting , MA Guowu , CHEN Hongbin , MA Hongge 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A high-power 28 GHz gyrotron has been successfully developed at the Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics. This gyrotron was designed for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) in the spherical tokamak XL-50. A diode magnetron injection gun was designed to produce the required gyrating electron beam. The gyrotron operates in the TE8,3 mode in a cylindrical open cavity. An internal quasi-optical mode converter was designed to convert the operating mode into a fundamental Gaussian wave beam and separate the spent electron beam from the outgoing microwave power. A tube has been built and successfully tested. The operational frequency of the tube is 28.1 GHz. For beam parameters at an accelerating voltage of 71 kV and beam current of 16 A, the gyrotron has delivered an output power of 400 kW, with a pulse length of 5 s. The output efficiency is about 50% with a single-stage depressed collector. The gyrotron has been installed on the XL-50 and has played an important role in the ECRH experiments.
A multiplexed synthesizer for non-Gaussian photonic quantum state generation
Authors: Melalkia M F , Huynh J , Tanzilli S , D’Auria V , Etesse J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Disposing of simple and efficient sources for photonic states with non-classical photon statistics is of paramount importance for implementing quantum computation and communication protocols. In this work, we propose an innovative approach that drastically simplifies the preparation of non-Gaussian states as compared to previous proposals, by taking advantage from the multiplexing capabilities offered by modern quantum photonics tools. Our proposal is inspired by iterative protocols, where multiple resources are combined one after the other for obtaining high-amplitude complex output states. Here, conversely, a large part of the protocol is performed in parallel, by using a single projective measurement along a mode which partially overlaps with all the input modes. We show that our protocol can be used to generate high-quality and high-amplitude Schrödinger cat states as well as more complex states such as error-correcting codes. Remarkably, our proposal can be implemented with experimentally available resources, highlighting its straightforward feasibility.
Internationalism in climate action and China’s role
Authors: Kyriakopoulou Danae , Xia Lucie Qian , Xie Chunping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The world is facing dual challenges of generating an economic recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, and transitioning to a low-carbon economy to tackle climate change. Strongly interrelated global challenges will require an integrated and coordinated response by all countries to manage the risk and lay the foundation for building back better. As the world’s biggest emitter and the second-largest economy, China is a very important player in international collaboration and coordination in climate action. Against this backdrop, this paper looks into the increasingly crucial role that China is playing in global climate action, especially focusing on three aspects: China’s domestic and foreign policymaking for the energy transition; its role in promoting multilateralism and international collaboration on building a sustainable world; and how it could accelerate climate action and diplomacy through research, development and innovation. In the critical decade of the 2020s, China has a great opportunity to further transform and upgrade its energy and industrial structures, promote research, development and the application of green and low-carbon technologies and intensify international climate cooperation on climate change. China should aim to be at the forefront of raising climate ambition and accelerating climate action for a sustainable and more equitable world.
PLSDA-batch: a multivariate framework to correct for batch effects in microbiome data
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Lê Cao Kim-Anh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMicrobial communities are highly dynamic and sensitive to changes in the environment. Thus, microbiome data are highly susceptible to batch effects, defined as sources of unwanted variation that are not related to and obscure any factors of interest. Existing batch effect correction methods have been primarily developed for gene expression data. As such, they do not consider the inherent characteristics of microbiome data, including zero inflation, overdispersion and correlation between variables. We introduce new multivariate and non-parametric batch effect correction methods based on Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA). PLSDA-batch first estimates treatment and batch variation with latent components, then subtracts batch-associated components from the data. The resulting batch-effect-corrected data can then be input in any downstream statistical analysis. Two variants are proposed to handle unbalanced batch x treatment designs and to avoid overfitting when estimating the components via variable selection. We compare our approaches with popular methods managing batch effects, namely, removeBatchEffect, ComBat and Surrogate Variable Analysis, in simulated and three case studies using various visual and numerical assessments. We show that our three methods lead to competitive performance in removing batch variation while preserving treatment variation, especially for unbalanced batch $\times $ treatment designs. Our downstream analyses show selections of biologically relevant taxa. This work demonstrates that batch effect correction methods can improve microbiome research outputs. Reproducible code and vignettes are available on GitHub.
Context-dependent gene regulatory network reveals regulation dynamics and cell trajectories using unspliced transcripts
Authors: Tu Yueh-Hua , Juan Hsueh-Fen , Huang Hsuan-Cheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGene regulatory networks govern complex gene expression programs in various biological phenomena, including embryonic development, cell fate decisions and oncogenesis. Single-cell techniques are increasingly being used to study gene expression, providing higher resolution than traditional approaches. However, inferring a comprehensive gene regulatory network across different cell types remains a challenge. Here, we propose to construct context-dependent gene regulatory networks (CDGRNs) from single-cell RNA sequencing data utilizing both spliced and unspliced transcript expression levels. A gene regulatory network is decomposed into subnetworks corresponding to different transcriptomic contexts. Each subnetwork comprises the consensus active regulation pairs of transcription factors and their target genes shared by a group of cells, inferred by a Gaussian mixture model. We find that the union of gene regulation pairs in all contexts is sufficient to reconstruct differentiation trajectories. Functions specific to the cell cycle, cell differentiation or tissue-specific functions are enriched throughout the developmental process in each context. Surprisingly, we also observe that the network entropy of CDGRNs decreases along differentiation trajectories, indicating directionality in differentiation. Overall, CDGRN allows us to establish the connection between gene regulation at the molecular level and cell differentiation at the macroscopic level.
ENCD: a manually curated database of experimentally supported endocrine system disease and lncRNA associations
Authors: Hao Ming , Qi Yue , Xu Rongji , Zhao Kangqi , Li Mingqing , Shan Yongyan , Xia Tian , Yang Kun , Hasi Wuyang , Zhang Cong , Li Daowei , Wang Yi , Wang Peng , Kuang Hongyu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
ENCD (http://www.bio-server.cn/ENCD/) is a manually curated database that provides comprehensive experimentally supported associations among endocrine system diseases (ESDs) and long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNAs). The incidence of ESDs has increased in recent years, often accompanying other chronic diseases, and can lead to disability. A growing body of research suggests that lncRNA plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of ESDs. However, there are no resources focused on collecting and integrating the latest and experimentally supported lncRNA–ESD associations. Hence, we developed an ENCD database that consists of 1379 associations between 35 ESDs and 501 lncRNAs in 12 human tissues curated from literature. By using ENCD, users can explore the genetic data for diseases corresponding to the body parts of interest as well as study the lncRNA regulating mechanism for ESDs. ENCD also provides a flexible tool to visualize a disease- or gene-centric regulatory network. In addition, ENCD offers a submission page for researchers to submit their newly discovered endocrine disorders-genetic data entries online. Collectively, ENCD will provide comprehensive insights for investigating the ESDs associated with lncRNAs.
Database URL http://www.bio-server.cn/ENCD
Surgical resection and epicardial lead implantation for primary cardiac lymphoma with a complete atrioventricular block: a case report
Authors: Shigeno Ryo , Okada Taiji , Koyama Tadaaki , Furukawa Yutaka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is a rare cardiac tumour with various presentations, which might cause a complete atrioventricular (AV) block, which can, in turn, cause heart failure symptoms.Case summaryWe report a case of a 55-year-old woman with a chief complaint of exertional dyspnoea. Her vital signs showed bradycardia, and electrocardiography revealed a complete AV block. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large intra-cardiac mass in the right atrium. Full-body positron emission tomography showed an elevated fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right atrial mass, interatrial septum, and wall of the left atrium. Since the tumour could obstruct the tricuspid valve, urgent tumour debulking surgery and epicardial lead implantation were performed. Histopathological examination results were consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After several courses of chemotherapy, we kept her in complete remission of the tumour for 2 years.DiscussionPrimary cardiac lymphoma was complicated by a complete AV block and diagnosed by using the samples that we obtained in the surgery. A surgical resection of the tumour and epicardial lead implantation, combined with chemotherapy, can be an option, especially in patients who require cardiac surgery.
Shifting Punishment onto Minorities: Experimental Evidence of Scapegoating
Authors: Bauer Michal , Cahlíková Jana , Chytilová Julie , Roland Gérard , Želinský Tomáš 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Do members of a majority group systematically shift punishment onto innocent members of an ethnic minority? We introduce an experimental paradigm, punishing the scapegoat game, to measure how injustice affecting a member of one's own group shapes punishment of an unrelated bystander. When no harm is done, we find no evidence of discrimination against the ethnic minority (Roma people in Slovakia). In contrast, when a member of one's own group is harmed, the punishment ‘passed’ onto innocent individuals more than doubles when they are from the minority, as compared to when they are from the dominant group.
Population genetic analysis of the microsporidium Ordospora colligata reveals the role of natural selection and phylogeography on its extremely compact and reduced genome
Authors: Angst Pascal , Ebert Dieter , Fields Peter D 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The determinants of variation in a species’ genome-wide nucleotide diversity include historical, environmental, and stochastic aspects. This diversity can inform us about the species’ past and present evolutionary dynamics. In parasites, the mode of transmission and the interactions with the host might supersede the effects of these aspects in shaping parasite genomic diversity. We used genomic samples from 10 populations of the microsporidian parasite Ordospora colligata to investigate present genomic diversity and how it was shaped by evolutionary processes, specifically, the role of phylogeography, co-phylogeography (with the host), natural selection, and transmission mode. Although very closely related microsporidia cause diseases in humans, O. colligata is specific to the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna and has one of the smallest known eukaryotic genomes. We found an overlapping phylogeography between O. colligata and its host highlighting the long-term, intimate relationship between them. The observed geographic distribution reflects previous findings that O. colligata exhibits adaptations to colder habitats, which differentiates it from other microsporidian gut parasites of D. magna predominantly found in warmer areas. The co-phylogeography allowed us to calibrate the O. colligata phylogeny and thus estimate its mutation rate. We identified several genetic regions under potential selection. Our whole-genome study provides insights into the evolution of one of the most reduced eukaryotic genomes and shows how different processes shape genomic diversity of an obligate parasite.
Obstetric, neonatal, and child health outcomes following embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing
Authors: Alteri Alessandra , Cermisoni Greta Chiara , Pozzoni Mirko , Gaeta Gerarda , Cavoretto Paolo Ivo , Viganò Paola 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) of embryos developed in vitro requires a biopsy for obtaining cellular samples for the analysis. Signs of cell injury have been described in association with this procedure. Thus, the consequences of the biopsy on obstetric and neonatal outcomes have been the subject of some quantitative analyses, although the reliability of data pooling may be limited by important issues in the various reports.

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
The present review identifies evidence for whether pregnancies conceived after embryo biopsy are associated with a higher risk of adverse obstetric, neonatal, and long-term outcomes. Available evidence has been summarized considering manipulation at various stages of embryo development.

SEARCH METHODS
We used the scoping review methodology. Searches of article databases were performed with keywords pertaining to the embryo biopsy technique and obstetric, neonatal, and postnatal outcomes. Studies in which embryos were biopsied at different stages (i.e. both at the cleavage and blastocyst stages) were excluded. We included data on fresh and frozen embryo transfers. The final sample of 31 documents was subjected to qualitative thematic analysis.

OUTCOMES
Sound evidence is lacking to fully address the issues on the potential obstetric, neonatal or long-term consequences of embryo biopsy. For polar body biopsy, the literature is too scant to draw any conclusion. Some data, although limited and controversial, suggest a possible association of embryo biopsy at the cleavage stage with an increased risk of low birthweight and small for gestational age neonates compared to babies derived from non-biopsied embryos. An increase in preterm deliveries and birth defects in cases of trophectoderm biopsy was suggested. For both biopsy methods (at the cleavage and blastocyst stages), an increased risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was found. However, these findings may be explained by confounders such as other embryo manipulation procedures or by intrinsic patient or population characteristics.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS
Since there is inadequate evidence to assess obstetric, neonatal, and long-term health outcomes following embryo biopsy, an invasive PGT strategy should be developed with a cautious approach. A non-invasive approach, based on the analysis of embryo cell-free DNA, needs to be pursued to overcome the potential limitations of embryo biopsy.
Policy enabling North Atlantic right whale reproductive health could save the species
Authors: Moore Michael J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNorth Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) risk extinction unless conservation measures not only reduce mortality but also enhance reproduction. Vessel collisions injure and kill by spinning propeller cuts or being hit with a blunt structure resulting in bone and soft tissue damage. Entanglement trauma includes sublethal injuries that can reduce their ability to reproduce, while lethal events include drowning, deep constricting wounds, and emaciation leading to death over months or years. Current regulations attempt to reduce mortality from vessel strikes and fishing gear entanglement off the eastern shores of the United States and Canada. However, sub-lethal stressors, especially entanglement, have exacerbated impacts from climate-driven food supply changes, resulting in a serious reduction in growth of individuals and calving rates. If consumers demand that their ship-borne goods and bottom-caught seafood be procured without serious welfare and health concerns for the whales, recovery is possible. We need the will to widely employ the tools of vessel speed restrictions and acoustic retrieval of bottom traps and nets without a persistent vertical line in the water column to reduce sub-lethal as well as lethal trauma. Thus, consumers should pressure legislators, endangered species managers, and suppliers for far broader protections than currently exist.
P04 Dual pH/enzyme-responsive capsules of ciprofloxacin; a strategy to maximize the efficacy against infection causing superbugs such as MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Nwabuife Joshua C , Omolo Calvin A , Abdallah Eman Ismail , Gafar Mohammed Ali , Mohammed Mahir , Rambharose Sanjeev , Govender Thirumala 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance is a public health problem of global concern and there is a high turnover of antibiotics developing resistance when compared with new drugs being developed. Therefore, there is a need to develop multifunctional systems that protect and potentiate the current drug on the market. Herein, we present novel dual pH/enzyme-responsive capsules for ciprofloxacin free base (CFB) delivery against MRSA and P. aeruginosa.

Methods
Nano capsules preparation was carried out using the interfacial deposition method and was characterized for their physicochemical properties, as well as binding activities to HAase, and in vitro antibacterial properties. The preliminary biocompatibility was also evaluated via MTT assay.

Results
The cytotoxicity results revealed the viability of the MCF-7 celines to be above 75% after exposure to the prepared capsules, therefore indicating its biosafety. Capsules had hydrodynamic diameter (DH), polydispersity index (PDI) and a surface-charge (ζ) of 261.4 ± 0.70 nm, 0.26 ± 0.01, and −15.2 ± 2.36 mV at pH 7.4 and 258.9 ± 2.51 nm, 0.28±0.01, and −5.27 ± 0.12 mV at pH 6 respectively, with an entrapment efficiency (EE%), of 85.63 ± 2.83%. Results from the release study indicated a faster CFB release from the prepared capsules at pH 6 compared with pH 7.4 confirming pH-responsive drug release. Also, upon the addition of HAase enzyme, the release rate of CFB at pH 7.4 was faster compared with the capsules without the enzyme at the same pH. MST results showed the prepared capsules to have a higher binding activity to bacterial enzyme HAase compared with the natural substrate with Kd of 0.1325 ± 0.0099 μM. Capsules were seen to show a better antibacterial efficacy compared with bare CFB with 16-fold and 128-fold recorded at pH 7.4; 128-fold and 8-fold recorded at pH 6, against MRSA and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Intracellular component leakage studies revealed the capsules to destroy the cell wall of the bacteria, thereby causing a greater reduction in the quantity of intracellular constituents such as protein and DNA, compared with bare CFB. Also, capsules showed better inhibition of efflux pump by a show of higher fluorescence intensity compared with bare CFB.

Conclusions
Thus, the prepared capsules are a potential nano delivery system for CFB antibiotics, with the potential of improving the antibacterial efficacy of CFB against infections and disease condition induced by MRSA and P. aeruginosa.