bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixation of Proximal Third Humeral Shaft Fractures in Older Patients
Authors: Quarcoopome Jared , Adam John , Baljer Bence , Nagi Ahmed , Eardley Will , McVie James L. 
Published: March 2023

Background Humeral shaft fractures occur frequently in older patients. The more proximal end of the shaft is prone to non-union when compared with more distal fractures. We provide an overview of several key features of this significant patient group. Method Our institutional fracture database was searched for all cases of proximal third humeral shaft fractures in patients over 60 years of age. Retrospective evaluation of patient demographics, management, length of stay and incidence of non-union was performed. Results 75 patients (61 female) were analysed. 33 patients were ‘frail’ (Clinical Frailty Scores of >4). Non-union occurred in 19 of 45 non-surgically treated fractures and in 1 of 37 cases treated surgically. Mean length of stay was 5.9 days (non-operative) and 6.6 days (operative). Proximal extension into the humeral head is common. Conclusion Non-surgical management of proximal third humeral shaft fractures is associated with an increased risk of non-union. We detail an operative technique and case example supporting early fixation of displaced proximal third humeral shaft fractures in older patients that can be utilized for both primary and delayed fixation. In view of the significant association of non-union a well-constructed prospective cohort study with outcome assessment would be of value to further characterize this emerging injury population. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series
Cumulative antitumor effect of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles and cetylpyridinium chloride in inhibiting the growth of lung cancer
Authors: García-Cuellar Claudia María , Hernández-Delgadillo Rene , Torres-Betancourt Jesús Alejandro , Solis-Soto Juan Manuel , Meester Irene , Sánchez-Pérez Yesennia , Pineda-Aguilar Nayely , Nakagoshi-Cepeda Sergio Eduardo , Sánchez-Nájera Rosa Isela , Nakagoshi-Cepeda María Argelia Akemi , Chellam Shankararaman , Cabral-Romero Claudio 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To determine the combined antitumor effect of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NP) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on human lung tumor cells. Material and methods: The human lung tumor cells A549 were exposed to 1–100 µM BisBAL NP or CPC, either separately or in a 1:1 combination. Cell viability was measured with the PrestoBlue assay, the LIVE/DEAD assay, and fluorescence microscopy. The integrity and morphology of cellular microtubules were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Results: A 24-h exposure to 1 µM solutions reduced A549 growth with 21.5% for BisBAL NP, 70.5% for CPC, and 92.4% for the combination ( p < 0.0001), while a 50 µM BisBAL NP/CPC mixture inhibited cell growth with 99% ( p < 0.0001). BisBAL NP-curcumin conjugates were internalized within 30 min of exposure and could be traced within the nucleus of tumor cells within 2 h. BisBAL NP, but not CPC, interfered with microtubule organization, thus interrupting cell replication, similar to the action mechanism of docetaxel. Conclusion: The growth inhibition of A549 human tumor cells by BisBAL NP and CPC was cumulative as of 1 µM. The BisBAL NP/CPC combination may constitute an innovative and cost-effective alternative for treating human lung cancer.
Evaluation of Ki-67 staining index and BRAF mutation in women diagnosed with advanced endometriosis
Authors: Jalaeefar Amirmohsen , Eslami Bita , Bahar Masih , Hosseini Reihaneh , Sharifi Amirsina , Rakhshani Naser , Moini Ashraf 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Recent studies have proposed that advanced endometriosis might harbor histopathological, molecular, and genetic properties of malignant lesion. Thus we aimed to investigate the presence of Ki-67 staining index (KSI) and BRAF mutation in patients with and without recurrent endometriosis of stage III and IV. Materials and methods: Cross sectional study on 50 consecutive patients with endometriosis of stage III and IV was performed. Tissue specimens collected during laparoscopic surgery were used for the evaluation of presence of KSI and BRAF mutation. Also, serum levels of tumor markers including CA-125, CA19-9, AMH and αFP were gathered. Results: The mean ± SD of KSI was 12.18 ± 16.58. Forty-one out of 50 (82%) patients had a non-recurrent disease. KSI ⩾ 10% was found in 20 patients (40%). Furthermore, 29 patients (58%) and 13 patients (26%) had high levels of CA-125 and CA19-9, respectively. No evidence of significant correlation was observed between the KSI and CA-125 and CA19-9 (all p values > 0.05). However, a positive correlation was observed between CA-125 and CA19-9 ( r = 0.55, p-value = 0.02). KSI level was insignificantly lower in recurrent patients compared with non-recurrent patients (9.78 ± 6.24 vs 12.71 ± 18.09, p-value = 0.33). Other tumor markers did not show any statistically significant difference (all p values > 0.05). None of the participants had BRAF V600E mutation. Conclusion: Endometriosis manifests malignant behavioral of rapid proliferation but the exact genetic alteration causing this phenomenon is not understood.
Systematic Assessment of the Quality and Comprehensibility of YouTube Content on Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury and Management
Authors: Desai Sohil S. , Anderson Matthew J. , Crutchfield Connor R. , Gazgalis Anastasia , Alexander Frank J. , Popkin Charles A. , Ahmad Christopher S. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction has received a unique level of attention in the press and social media. There has also been an increasing use of the internet by patients to seek medical information. Concern exists regarding the quality and comprehensibility of online information when used for patient education. Purpose: To evaluate the quality and comprehensibility of the most-viewed YouTube videos related to the diagnosis and management of UCL injuries. Based on our new evidence-based scoring rubrics, we hypothesized that the quality and comprehensibility of these videos would be poor. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The YouTube platform was searched on September 7, 2021, with the terms “UCL injury,” “ulnar collateral ligament injury,” “UCL surgery,” “ulnar collateral ligament surgery,” and “Tommy John surgery,” and the 50 most-viewed videos from each search were compiled, yielding 250 videos. After removal of duplicates and application of exclusion criteria, the 100 most-viewed videos remained. Basic attributes, including duration of video and number of views, were recorded. Each video was then analyzed by 2 independent reviewers and evaluated for 4 key parameters (quality of diagnostic content [QAR-D], quality of treatment content [QAR-T], presence of inaccurate information, and comprehensibility) and graded on a novel scale from 1 to 4 (4 being the most appropriate for patient education). Results: The mean QAR-D was 4.83 ± 3.41 (fair quality), and the mean QAR-T was 2.76 ± 3.26 (poor quality). Physician-led educational videos had both the highest mean QAR-D (6.37) and the highest mean QAR-T (4.34). No correlation was observed between video quality and views/likes. A total of 12 videos included ≥1 inaccuracy. The mean comprehensibility score was 2.66 ± 1.12, with 39 videos falling below the acceptable comprehensibility threshold (score <3). Conclusion: The overall quality of UCL injury–related YouTube content was low. In addition, the absence of correlation between video quality and views/likes suggests that patients are not preferentially utilizing the limited high-quality content that does exist on the YouTube platform. In addition, inaccurate videos were prevalent (12%), and almost half of all videos were deemed inappropriate for patient education in terms of comprehensibility, as defined by our comprehensibility parameter.
Game-Day Pitch and Throw Count Feasibility Using a Single Sensor to Quantify Workload in Youth Baseball Players
Authors: Freehill Michael T. , Rose Michael J. , McCollum Katherine A. , Agresta Cristine , Cain Stephen M. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Pitch count recommendations are used to reduce injury risk in youth baseball pitchers and are based chiefly on expert opinion, with limited scientific support. Furthermore, they only account for pitches thrown against a hitter and do not include the total number of throws on the day a player pitched. Currently, counts are recorded manually. Purpose: To provide a method using a wearable sensor to quantify total throws per game that is compliant with Little League Baseball rules and regulations. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Eleven male baseball players (age, 10-11 years) from an 11U (players 11 years and younger) competitive travel team were evaluated over a single summer season. An inertial sensor was placed above the midhumerus of the throwing arm and was worn during baseball games across the season. A throw identification algorithm capturing all throws and reporting linear acceleration and peak linear acceleration was used to quantify throwing intensity. Pitching charts were collected and used to verify actual pitches thrown against a hitter in a game versus all other throws identified. Results: A total of 2748 pitches and 13,429 throws were captured. On the day a player pitched, he averaged 36 ± 18 pitches (23%) and 158 ± 106 total throws (pitches in game as well as all warm-up pitches and other throws during game). In comparison, on a day a player did not pitch, he averaged 119 ± 102 throws. Across all pitchers, 32% of all throws were low intensity, 54% were medium intensity, and 15% were high intensity. The player with one of the highest percentages of high-intensity throws did not pitch as their primary position, while the 2 players who pitched most often had the lowest percentages. Conclusion: Total throw count can be successfully quantified using a single inertial sensor. Total throws tended to be higher on days a player pitched compared with regular game days without pitching. Clinical Relevance: This study provides a fast, feasible, and reliable method to obtain pitch and throw counts so that more rigorous research on contributing factors to arm injury in the youth athlete can be achieved.
Safety Baby Shower Intervention Improves Safe Sleep Knowledge and Self-Efficacy among Expectant Teens
Authors: Aitken Mary E. , Whiteside-Mansell Leanne , Mullins Samantha H. , Bai Shasha , Miller Beverly K. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Young, minority women are less likely to follow recommendations to prevent infant sleep-related deaths putting their children at risk. This study extended the past pre/post study designs to an RCT design and included both parent report and objective observation of the sleep environment. Objective This study focused on this population in a quantitative, randomized controlled trial using a low-cost, brief educational intervention, a Safety Baby Shower (SBS). Methods Pregnant teens aged 13–19 (N = 147) were recruited as a dyad with a senior female caregiver and randomized to intervention or control groups. Results Comparing self-report, safe sleep knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intent (KABI) to act scores across the two groups found intervention dyads to have more positive views on all four constructs than controls. Specifically, intervention dyad young mothers were significantly more likely to have positive beliefs about safe sleep and were more likely to report intent to practice infant safe sleep than control young mothers. Intervention dyad young mothers also had higher self-efficacy related to infant safety and more positive attitudes about safe sleep practices than control young mothers. Observations at a home visit conducted after delivery found no differences in the safe sleep practices by intervention status. Participant report of behaviors at the home visit also showed no differences in the use of safe position between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion It appears that even when young mothers gain knowledge and self-efficacy, they have difficulty implementing this knowledge. In practice, this suggests that exploring barriers prenatally with this population and offering suggestions to overcome them may be indicated.
Scholarly Opportunities for Medical Students and Residents in Canadian Medical Professional Organizations
Authors: Thatcher Mitchell D , Wandzura Adam M , Smith Mckinley C 
Published: March 2023

Objectives Participation in medical specialty organizations can provide medical students and residents with additional research, advocacy, networking, and leadership opportunities. Although past research has looked at individual specialties in the United States, little is known about trainee involvement in Canadian organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the opportunities available for medical students and residents within Canadian medical specialty organizations. Methods The websites of 71 Canadian medical specialty organizations were reviewed to assess levels of trainee participation. Results Of the 71 organizations reviewed, 42 (59%) allow medical students and 67 (94%) allow residents to become members. Most organizations allow trainees to attend their annual conference (83% for students and 93% for residents), and the mean cost of attending the most recent virtual conference was $114 (range: $0–$475) for students and $142 (range: $0–$475) for residents. Twenty-two organizations (31%) have travel awards for students and 37 (52%) have awards for residents. Research grants are available in 41 (58%) of organizations for students and 56 (79%) for residents. Formal mentorship programs exist in 16 (23%) organizations for students and 25 (35%) for residents. Conclusion To our knowledge, this study highlights for the first time the scholarly opportunities available to trainees within Canadian medical specialty organizations.
Development of Psoriasis Assessment Tools Among Patients in the CorEvitas Psoriasis Registry
Authors: Gulliver Wayne P. , See Kyoungah , Zhu Baojin , Konicek Bruce W. , Harrison Ryan W. , McLean Robert R. , Kerti Samantha J. , Burge Russel T. , Leonardi Craig L. 
Published: March 2023

Background Dermatologists would benefit from an easy to use psoriasis severity assessment tool in the clinic. Objective To develop psoriasis assessment tools to predict PASI and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) using simple measures typically collected in clinical practice. Methods Data included 33 605 dermatology visits among plaque psoriasis patients enrolled in the CorEvitas Psoriasis Registry (4/15/15-7/11/20). Performance (adjusted coefficient of determination [R2adj], root mean square error [RMSE]) in predicting PASI and DLQI was assessed for 16 different linear regression models (specified a priori based on combinations of BSA, Investigator’s Global Assessment [IGA], itch, skin pain, patient global assessment, age, sex, BMI, comorbidity index, prior biologic use), and 2 stepwise selection models and 1 elastic net model based on 56 available variables. For each prediction model, concordance (sensitivity, specificity) of predicted PASI75, PASI90 and DLQI 0/1 with observed values was evaluated. Results Mean (SD) age, BSA, and PASI were 51 (14) years, 6 (11), and 4 (6), respectively; 46% were women, and 87% were biologic experienced. A model predicting PASI using BSA plus IGA performed best among a priori specified models (R2adj = .72, RMSE = 2.93) and only marginally worse than models including additional variables (R2adj range .64-.74, RMSE range 2.82-3.36). Models including IGA had the best concordance between predicted and observed PASI75 (sensitivity range 83-85%, specificity range 88-91%) and PASI90 (sensitivity range 76-82%, specificity range 94-98%). DLQI prediction was limited. Conclusion An assessment tool for psoriasis including BSA and IGA may be an ideal option to predict PASI in a clinic setting.
Arthroscopic Repair of a Type VIII Superior Labrum Anterior Posterior Tear
Authors: Nammour Michael , Arner Justin W. , Murray Ryan , Bradley James P. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Type VIII superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) tears are described as SLAP type II tears with posterior extension to the posterior inferior glenohumeral ligament. These tears are a common source of pain, instability, and decreased function in active individuals, particularly overhead or throwing athletes. Indications: Type VIII SLAP tears can cause pain and loss of sports performance, especially in a throwing athlete. This patient is a quarterback and pitcher who had magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic evidence of a type VIII SLAP tear with pain and inability to throw at his preinjury level. Technique Description: In the lateral decubitus position, a standard posterior portal is established along with anterior and accessory lateral portals. A type VIII SLAP tear is identified and the arm is taken out of balanced suspension traction and placed in abduction and external rotation which shows displacement of the posterior labrum and peelback of the superior labrum indicating pathologic labral instability. The labrum is then elevated and glenoid prepared to achieve healthy bleeding bone. Tape sutures are then passed around the labrum and placed into a glenoid anchor starting superiorly and continuing the repair posteroinferiorly. Three anchors were placed in the superior labrum using a percutaneous technique, with 2 more placed from the posterior portal to complete the 5-anchor repair. The posterior portal is then closed with a single monofilament suture to prevent a potential stress riser in the capsule. Results: The literature suggests that athletes with type VIII SLAP tears can expect improved functional outcomes and high return to play rates (>90%); however, only 50% to 70% of throwing athletes return to the same level of play. Discussion/Conclusion: Type VIII SLAP tears are an important cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction, particularly in overhead athletes. Arthroscopic repair of type VIII SLAP tears can improve functional outcomes and ability to return to sport; however, throwing athletes experience lower rates of return to previous level. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Unexpected carboxyhemoglobin half-life during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a case report
Authors: Delvau Nicolas , Penaloza Andrea , Franssen Véronique , Thys Frédéric , Roy Pierre-Marie , Hantson Philippe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiac arrest (CA) following CO poisoning (CO-induced CA) exposes patients to an extremely high risk of mortality and remains challenging to treat effectively. Terminal carboxyhemoglobin elimination half-life (COHbt1/2) is critically affected by ventilation, oxygen therapy, and cardiac output, which are severely affected conditions in cases of CA.Case presentationAsystole occurred in an 18-year-old woman after unintentional exposure to CO in her bathroom. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started immediately, including mechanical ventilation with a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 1.0 and external chest compressions with a LUCAS® device. CPR was stopped after 101 min, as it was unsuccessful. During this period, we calculated a COHbt1/2of 40.3 min using a single compartmental model.ConclusionsThis result suggests that prolongation of CPR time needed to back COHb at 10%, a level more compatible with successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), could be compatible with a realistic CPR time. Calculating COHbt1/2during CPR may help with decision-making regarding the optimal duration of resuscitation efforts and further with HBO2or ECLS. Further evidence-based data are needed to confirm this result.
Genome-wide analysis of the GLP gene family and overexpression of GLP1-5–1 to promote lignin accumulation during early somatic embryo development in Dimocarpus longan
Authors: Li Zhuoyun , Fu Zhuoran , Zhang Shuting , Zhang Xueying , Xue Xiaodong , Chen Yukun , Zhang Zihao , Lai Zhongxiong , Lin Yuling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLongan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an economically important subtropical fruit tree. Its fruit quality and yield are affected by embryo development. As a plant seed germination marker gene, the germin-like protein (GLP) gene plays an important role in embryo development. However, the mechanism underlying the role of the GLP gene in somatic embryos is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted genome-wide identification of the longan GLP (DlGLP) gene and preliminarily verified the function of DlGLP1-5–1. Thirty-five genes were identified as longan GLP genes and divided into 8 subfamilies. Based on transcriptome data and qRT‒PCR results, DlGLP genes exhibited the highest expression levels in the root, and the expression of most DlGLPs was upregulated during the early somatic embryogenesis (SE) in longan and responded to high temperature stress and 2,4-D treatment; eight DlGLP genes were upregulated under MeJA treatment, and four of them were downregulated under ABA treatment. Subcellular localization showed that DlGLP5-8–2 and DlGLP1-5–1 were located in the cytoplasm and extracellular stroma/chloroplast, respectively. Overexpression of DIGLP1-5–1 in the globular embryos (GEs) of longan promoted the accumulation of lignin and decreased the H2O2 content by regulating the activities of ROS-related enzymes. The results provide a reference for the functional analysis of DlGLPs and related research on improving lignin accumulation in the agricultural industry through genetic engineering.
Characterization and phylogenetic analyses of ten complete plastomes of Spiraea species
Authors: Zhang Shu-Dong , Yan Kai , Ling Li-Zhen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Spiraea is a genus of deciduous shrubs that contains 80-120 species, is mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and has diversified in East Asia. Spiraea species are cultivated as ornamental plants and some are used in traditional herbal medicine. Based on morphological characteristics and genetic markers, phylogenetic classification exhibits low discriminatory power.

Results
In present study, we assembled and characterized the chloroplast (cp) genomes of ten Spiraea species and comparatively analysed with five reported cp genomes of this genus. The cp genomes of the fifteen Spiraea species, ranging from 155,904 to 158,637 bp in length, were very conserved and no structural rearrangements occurred. A total of 85 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 37 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs were annotated. We also examined 1,010 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, most of which had A/T base preference. Comparative analysis of cp genome demonstrated that single copy and non-coding regions were more divergent than the inverted repeats (IRs) and coding regions and six mutational hotspots were detected. Selection pressure analysis showed that all PCGs were under purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete cp genome data showed that Spiraea formed a monophyletic group and was further divided into two major clades. Infrageneric classification in each clade was supported with a high resolution value. Moreover, the phylogenetic trees based on each individual mutational hotspot segment and their combined dataset also consisted of two major clades, but most of the phylogenetic relationships of interspecies were not well supported.

Conclusions
Although the cp genomes of Spiraea species exhibited high conservation in genome structure, gene content and order, a large number of polymorphism sites and several mutation hotspots were identified in whole cp genomes, which might be sufficiently used as molecular markers to distinguish Spiraea species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete cp genome indicated that infrageneric classification in two major clades was supported with high resolution values. Therefore, the cp genome data of the genus Spiraea will be effective in resolving the phylogeny in this genus.