bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The γ-ray deposition histories of calcium-rich supernovae
Authors: Sharon Amir , Kushnir Doron 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Calcium-rich supernovae (Ca-rich SNe) are faint, rapidly evolving transients whose progenitor system is yet to be determined. We derive the γ-ray deposition histories of five Ca-rich SNe from the literature in order to place constraints on possible progenitor systems. We find that the γ-ray escape time, t0, of the Ca-rich SNe sample is $\approx 35\!-\!65 \, \rm {d},$ within the unoccupied region between Type Ia SNe and stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe). The t0−MNi56 distribution of these SNe, where MNi56 is the synthesized 56Ni mass in the explosion, creates a continuum between the Type Ia and SESNe t0−MNi56 distribution, hinting at a possible connection between all the events. By comparing our results to models from the literature, we were able to determine that helium shell detonation models and core-collapse models of ultra-stripped stars are unlikely to explain Ca-rich SNe since the gamma-ray escape time in these models is smaller than the observed values. Models that agree with the observed t0−MNi56 distribution are explosions of low mass, $M\approx 0.75\!-\!0.8\, \mathrm{M}_\odot,$ white dwarfs and core-collapse models of stripped stars with an ejecta mass of $M\approx 1\!-\!3\, {\rm M}_{\odot}.$
A Qualitative Exploration of Music Therapist Beliefs, Education, and Uses of Hip Hop in Clinical Practice
Authors: Campbell Kailey S 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this qualitative study was to explore music therapists’ beliefs, education, and uses of Hip Hop in clinical work through interviews with board-certified music therapists who incorporate elements of Hip Hop into their work. Specifically, the researcher sought to ascertain how music therapists use elements of Hip Hop culture in clinical practice, the training and education these music therapists received about Hip Hop culture, and the suggestions they have for professional and preprofessional music therapists who wish to incorporate elements of Hip Hop into their clinical work. Participants were board-certified music therapists who incorporate elements of Hip Hop into their work. These participants have either written scholarly, given presentations or contributed to the music therapy body of knowledge in this area through trainings such as continuing music therapy education courses or in-services. Participants completed semi-structured interviews that were recorded, transcribed, and coded. Four themes with eleven subthemes emerged. The themes included (a) motivations for incorporating Hip Hop (subthemes: responding to service users’ musical preference, and cultural responsiveness), (b) therapeutic goals in music therapy (subthemes: emotional processing, self-expression, and group support), (c) how participants learned about Hip Hop (subthemes: self-study, wisdom from service users, personal, and/or cultural connections), (d) recommendations from participants (subthemes: seek supervision, commit to reflexivity, and seek deeper knowledge). Implications gleaned from this study include the need for better university education in this area that centers cultural responsiveness and authenticity and issues of access in music therapy for service users, clinicians, and academics in the field.
Efficacy of six exercise-based interventions for individuals undergoing hemodialysis: a network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Ferrari Filipe , Andrade Francini P , Teixeira Marcelo S , Ziegelmann Patrícia K , Carvalho Gabriel , Bittencourt Eduarda S S , Barcellos Franklin C , Stein Ricardo 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Evidence comparing different exercise modalities in individuals undergoing hemodialysis remains incipient. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to compare and synthesize the efficacy of five different intradialytic exercise modalities and home-based training in this population.

Design, setting, participants, and measurements
Studies were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Cinahl, and Scopus from their inception to 19 September 2022. We used traditional random-effects models and Bayesian network meta-analysis models. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB v.2.0 tool, and the assessment of confidence in the results through the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) tool.

Results
Seventy-eight studies involving 3326 participants were included. Our network meta-analysis showed that combined training was the intervention with the best performance to increase VO2 peak [mean difference (MD) = 3.94 ml/kg/min; 95% credible interval (CrI), 2.38 to 5.76] and to reduce diastolic blood pressure (MD = −5.19 mmHg; 95%CrI, −9.35 to −0.96) compared to the usual care group. Inspiratory muscle training was the intervention that most improved the 6-minute walk test distance (MD = 70.97 m; 95%CrI, 18.09 to 129.87). C-reactive protein decreased in resistance training (MD = −2.6 mg/l; 95%CrI, −4.97 to −0.33) and aerobic training (MD = −1.4 mg/l; 95%CrI, −3.15 to −0.06). Kt/V improved in aerobic training (MD = 0.11; 95%CrI, 0.02 to 0.18), and SF-36 physical functioning outcomes improved in resistance training (MD = 10.66 points; 95%Crl, 1.91 to 20.22). No intradialytic exercise modality was superior to others or comparable with home-based training in improving the evaluated outcomes. Subgroup analysis revealed that exercise interventions &gt;12 weeks improved functional capacity more than interventions ≤12 weeks, and that combined training reduces diastolic blood pressure only after 12 weeks of follow-up. Furthermore, our results suggest that moderate or moderate-to-vigorous intensity training leads to more pronounced improvements in functional capacity, whereas mild or mild-to-moderate intensity training does not have the same effect. In this review, most of the included studies were assessed as having some concern, which resulted in a low to very low level of confidence in the overall findings.

Conclusions
Both intradialytic training and home-based training can promote benefits for individuals undergoing hemodialysis, with no evidence of the superiority of either training modality over the other.
Towards Non-essentialism – Tracking Rival Views of Legitimacy as a Right to Rule
Authors: Brinkmann Matthias , Vorland Wibye Johan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract—
It is common in the literature to claim that legitimacy is the right to rule and that, accordingly, Hohfeldian rights analysis can be used to understand the concept. However, we argue that authors in the legitimacy literature have not generally realised the full potential of Hohfeldian analysis. We discuss extant approaches in the literature that conceptually identify legitimacy with one particular Hohfeldian incident, or, more rarely, a determinate set of incidents. Against these views, and building on parallel debates in property theory, we suggest that Hohfeldian analysis pushes one towards the claim that legitimacy possesses no determinate essence. We provide a rationale for this novel view and disarm a series of objections.
Improving health outcomes for patients and families with preferred language other than English or French (PLOEF)
Authors: Do Victor , Asim Ashna , Coffey Maitreya , Mahant Sanjay 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Equitable care considers the unique needs of an individual—including social determinants of health such as language, race, and gender. Health equity and providing equitable care are considered fundamental to medicine, however, in practice there continues to be significant gaps to providing equitable care. There is a growing body of research on health care disparities, such as research on patients and families who have a preferred language other than English or French (PLOEF), who have worse health outcomes. Language barriers have been associated with increased risk of hospital admission, increased risks of misdiagnosis, poorer patient understanding of and adherence to prescribed treatment, lower patient satisfaction, and increased risk of experiencing adverse events. This commentary aims to examine issues faced by patients and families with PLOEF, particularly among hospitalized children and youth, and propose how the paediatric community can work to improve their care and health outcomes.
Phytochromes enhance SOS2-mediated PIF1 and PIF3 phosphorylation and degradation to promote Arabidopsis salt tolerance
Authors: Ma Liang , Han Run , Yang Yongqing , Liu Xiangning , Li Hong , Zhao Xiaoyun , Li Jianfang , Fu Haiqi , Huo Yandan , Sun Liping , Yan Yan , Zhang Hongyan , Li Zhen , Tian Feng , Li Jigang , Guo Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSoil salinity is one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses affecting plant survival, and light is a core environmental signal regulating plant growth and responses to abiotic stress. However, how light modulates the plant's response to salt stress remains largely obscure. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings are more tolerant to salt stress in the light than in the dark, and that the photoreceptors phytochrome A (phyA) and phyB are involved in this tolerance mechanism. We further show that phyA and phyB physically interact with the salt tolerance regulator SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE2 (SOS2) in the cytosol and nucleus, and enhance salt-activated SOS2 kinase activity in the light. Moreover, SOS2 directly interacts with and phosphorylates PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS PIF1 and PIF3 in the nucleus. Accordingly, PIFs act as negative regulators of plant salt tolerance, and SOS2 phosphorylation of PIF1 and PIF3 decreases their stability and relieves their repressive effect on plant salt tolerance in both light and dark conditions. Together, our study demonstrates that photoactivated phyA and phyB promote plant salt tolerance by increasing SOS2-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of PIF1 and PIF3, thus broadening our understanding of how plants adapt to salt stress according to their dynamic light environment.
Multiomics analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence in Rhizoctonia and jasmonic acid–mediated resistance in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)
Authors: He Yuqi , Zhang Kaixuan , Li Shijuan , Lu Xiang , Zhao Hui , Guan Chaonan , Huang Xu , Shi Yaliang , Kang Zhen , Fan Yu , Li Wei , Chen Cheng , Li Guangsheng , Long Ou , Chen Yuanyuan , Hu Mang , Cheng Jianping , Xu Bingliang , Chapman Mark A , Georgiev Milen I , Fernie Alisdair R , Zhou Meiliang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a devastating soil-borne pathogen that seriously threatens the cultivation of economically important crops. Multiple strains with a very broad host range have been identified, but only 1 (AG1-IA, which causes rice sheath blight disease) has been examined in detail. Here, we analyzed AG4-HGI 3 originally isolated from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), but with a host range comparable to AG1-IA. Genome comparison reveals abundant pathogenicity genes in this strain. We used multiomic approaches to improve the efficiency of screening for disease resistance genes. Transcriptomes of the plant–fungi interaction identified differentially expressed genes associated with virulence in Rhizoctonia and resistance in Tartary buckwheat. Integration with jasmonate-mediated transcriptome and metabolome changes revealed a negative regulator of jasmonate signaling, cytochrome P450 (FtCYP94C1), as increasing disease resistance probably via accumulation of resistance-related flavonoids. The integration of resistance data for 320 Tartary buckwheat accessions identified a gene homolog to aspartic proteinase (FtASP), with peak expression following R. solani inoculation. FtASP exhibits no proteinase activity but functions as an antibacterial peptide that slows fungal growth. This work reveals a potential mechanism behind pathogen virulence and host resistance, which should accelerate the molecular breeding of resistant varieties in economically essential crops.
SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE2 stabilizes phytochrome-interacting factors PIF4 and PIF5 to promoteArabidopsisshade avoidance
Authors: Han Run , Ma Liang , Lv Yang , Qi Lijuan , Peng Jing , Li Hong , Zhou Yangyang , Song Pengyu , Duan Jie , Li Jianfang , Li Zhen , Terzaghi William , Guo Yan , Li Jigang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSun-loving plants trigger the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) to compete against their neighbors for sunlight. Phytochromes are plant red (R) and far-red (FR) light photoreceptors that play a major role in perceiving the shading signals and triggering SAS. Shade induces a reduction in the level of active phytochrome B (phyB), thus increasing the abundance of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs), a group of growth-promoting transcription factors. However, whether other factors are involved in modulating PIF activity in the shade remains largely obscure. Here, we show that SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE2 (SOS2), a protein kinase essential for salt tolerance, positively regulates SAS in Arabidopsis thaliana. SOS2 directly phosphorylates PIF4 and PIF5 at a serine residue close to their conserved motif for binding to active phyB. This phosphorylation thus decreases their interaction with phyB and posttranslationally promotes PIF4 and PIF5 protein accumulation. Notably, the role of SOS2 in regulating PIF4 and PIF5 protein abundance and SAS is more prominent under salt stress. Moreover, phyA and phyB physically interact with SOS2 and promote SOS2 kinase activity in the light. Collectively, our study uncovers an unexpected role of salt-activated SOS2 in promoting SAS by modulating the phyB-PIF module, providing insight into the coordinated response of plants to salt stress and shade.
Policing the world’s oldest democracy during the pandemic
Authors: Petropoulos Nikolaos (Nick) 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The present study examines the role of the Hellenic Police during the COVID-19 Pandemic. In particular, based on data available through various sources, it will attempt to describe how the Hellenic Police dealt with what was unanimously described as an “unprecedented crisis” at a global level. In order to so, it will endorse a bi-fold approach. Firstly, we will seek to identify the policies and strategies implemented by the Hellenic Police during the COVID-19 crisis; Secondly, we will attempt to assess the effectiveness of these strategies and identify whether this affected the relationship between the Police and the public. Although our analysis indicated that the Hellenic Police played an important role in protecting the public from the effects of the pandemic, there is a lack of consistent and comprehensive data regarding citizens’ views of police legitimacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study concludes that more studies should focus on the effect of COVID-19 on the citizens’ trust in the police as a government institution that during the COVID-19 era was in charge of enforcing a number of policies and strategies that were far from pleasant.
Television, Authoritarianism, and Support for Trump: A Replication
Authors: Hermann Erik , Morgan Michael , Shanahan James , Yan Harry Yaojun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Many factors contributed to support for Donald Trump in the 2016 US presidential election, among them media influences. Morgan and Shanahan (2017) found that television viewing was associated with support for Trump, mediated through authoritarianism. In light of the changes in the political and media environments during Trump’s presidency, our study examined whether Morgan and Shanahan’s (2017) findings still held in the 2020 US presidential election. Replicating their findings, we found that authoritarianism still mediates the relationship between television viewing and Trump support. As in the original study, the indirect effect is moderated by political ideology and gender, with stronger indirect effects among liberals and females.
Multiomics Analyses Reveal Microbiome–Gut–Brain Crosstalk Centered on Aberrant Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Tryptophan Metabolism in Drug-Naïve Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Yuan Xiuxia , Zhu Zijia , Pang Lijuan , Ding Shizhi , Li Xue , Kang Yulin , Hei Gangrui , Zhang Liyuan , Zhang Xiaoyun , Wang Shuying , Jian Xuemin , Li Zhiqiang , Zheng Chenxiang , Fan Xiaoduo , Hu Shaohua , Shi Yongyong , Song Xueqin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with complex crosstalk between the gut microbiota and host metabolism, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Investigating the aberrant neurotransmitter processes reflected by alterations identified using multiomics analysis is valuable to fully explain the pathogenesis of SCZ.

Study Design
We conducted an integrative analysis of multiomics data, including the serum metabolome, fecal metagenome, single nucleotide polymorphism data, and neuroimaging data obtained from a cohort of 127 drug-naïve, first-episode SCZ patients and 92 healthy controls to characterize the microbiome–gut–brain axis in SCZ patients. We used pathway-based polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses to determine the biological pathways contributing to genetic risk and mediation effect analyses to determine the important neuroimaging features. Additionally, a random forest model was generated for effective SCZ diagnosis.

Study Results
We found that the altered metabolome and dysregulated microbiome were associated with neuroactive metabolites, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), tryptophan, and short-chain fatty acids. Further structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses highlighted that gray matter volume and functional connectivity disturbances mediate the relationships between Ruminococcus_torgues and Collinsella_aerofaciens and symptom severity and the relationships between species Lactobacillus_ruminis and differential metabolites l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid and N-acetylserotonin and cognitive function. Moreover, analyses of the Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) support that alterations in GABA and tryptophan neurotransmitter pathways are associated with SCZ risk, and GABA might be a more dominant contributor.

Conclusions
This study provides new insights into systematic relationships among genes, metabolism, and the gut microbiota that affect brain functional connectivity, thereby affecting SCZ pathogenesis.
Explaining the training disadvantage of less-educated workers: the role of labor market allocation in international comparison
Authors: Hornberg Carla , Heisig Jan Paul , Solga Heike 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Less-educated workers have the lowest participation rates in job-related further training across the industrialized world, but the extent of their disadvantage varies. Using data on 28 high- and middle-income countries, we assess different explanations for less-educated workers’ training disadvantage relative to intermediate-educated workers, with a focus on the role of labor market allocation (i.e. job tasks, other job features and firm characteristics). Shapley decompositions reveal a broadly similar pattern for all countries: differences in labor market allocation between less- and intermediate-educated workers are more important for explaining the training gap than differences in individual learning disposition (i.e. cognitive skills and motivation to learn). Our analysis further suggests that the training gap is related to educational and labor market institutions and that labor market allocation processes play a key role in mediating any institutional ‘effects’. Strong conclusions regarding the role of institutions are hampered by the small country-level sample, however.
Reducing Delay in Payments in Welfare Programs: Experimental Evidence from an Information Dissemination Intervention
Authors: Das Upasak , Paul Amartya , Sharma Mohit 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper assesses the impact of an information dissemination intervention on the local-level implementation of the rural public works program in India. One key feature of the intervention is to provide information to workers once their wages get credited into their accounts. Using administrative and survey data, its impact on delays in wage payments and days of work along with the awareness levels of the entitlements is evaluated. The findings indicate a substantial reduction in payment delays and in trips made for wage withdrawal, in addition to improvements in awareness. The decrease in the payment delays in the treated villages persists even beyond the intervention period. While a limited impact on work days is observed during the intervention, a significant increase in the post-intervention period is found. The findings substantiated through qualitative evidence provide a platform for an innovative and cost-effective intervention to improve the implementation of social protection programs.
Duration of type 2 diabetes and liver-related events in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A landmark analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinrong , Yip Terry Cheuk-Fung , Tse Yee-Kit , Hui Vicki Wing-Ki , Li Guanlin , Lin Huapeng , Liang Lilian Yan , Lai Jimmy Che-To , Chan Henry Lik-Yuen , Chan Stephen Lam , Kong Alice Pik-Shan , Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun 
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims:
We aimed to determine the impact of the duration of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the risk of liver-related events and all-cause mortality in patients with NAFLD.

Approach and Results:
We conducted a territory-wide cohort study of adult patients with NAFLD diagnosed between January 1, 2000, and July 31, 2021, in Hong Kong. T2D was defined by the use of any antidiabetic agents, laboratory tests, and/or diagnosis codes. The primary endpoint was liver-related events, defined as a composite endpoint of HCC and cirrhotic complications. To conduct a more granular assessment of the duration of T2D, we employed landmark analysis in four different ages of interest (biological age of 40, 50, 60, and 70 years). By multivariable analysis with adjustment of non–liver-related deaths, compared with patients without diabetes at age 60 (incidence rate of liver-related events: 0.70 per 1,000 person-years), the adjusted subdistribution HR (SHR) of liver-related events was 2.51 (95% CI: 1.32–4.77; incidence rate: 2.26 per 1,000 person-years) in patients with T2D duration < 5 years, 3.16 (95% CI: 1.59–6.31; incidence rate: 2.54 per 1,000 person-years) in those with T2D duration of 6–10 years, and 6.20 (95% CI: 2.62–14.65; incidence rate: 4.17 per 1000 person-years) in those with T2D duration more than 10 years. A similar association between the duration of T2D and all-cause mortality was also observed.

Conclusions:
Longer duration of T2D is significantly associated with a higher risk of liver-related events and all-cause mortality in patients with NAFLD.