bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of rhizosphere fungi of the ebony plant (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) which has the potential to produce Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Gibberelic Acid Phytohormones
Authors: Restu Muh. , Jufri S W , Mukrimin M , Shicilia S , Lamanda S A , Prayudyaningsih R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) is a slow-growing species that is an impacting factor in the extinction of this species. Efforts to reduce the ebony population can be performed by employing microbes to stimulate ebony growth. This study aimed to obtain bacterial isolates with the potential of producing IAA and GA3 that can be further utilized as biofertilizer agents. Research stages encompassed soil sample isolation, isolation of bacteria, and analysis of IAA and GA3. The research was in complete randomized design (CRD). Thirteen isolates were successfully purified and analyzed with their IAA and GA3 hormones. The highest IAA concentrations were observed in EP1b at 48 incubation hours (44.39 ppm), EP3d at 72 incubation hours (34.93 ppm), and EP3c at 72 incubation hours (34.48 ppm). EP2c, EP2e, and EP2a produced the highest GA3 concentration at 24 incubation hours which were 3.88 ppm, 3.88 ppm, and 3.81 ppm, respectively.
Growth and production of japanese taro (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) by using plastic mulch and biofertilizer
Authors: Syafiuddin Masyhur , Ahmad Asmita , Jayadi Muh. , Sartika Dewi , Syam Siti Hardiyanti , Rahmawati Nabilah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Japanese taro (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) production in Indonesia is around 20 tons/hectare, but it is still relatively low due to the low level of farmer management including fertilizing and watering especially in dry season. We determined the effect of plastic mulch and biofertilizer on the growth and production of japanese taro plants. This research used a split plot design. The main plot was plastic mulch consist of two levels, namely control and plastic mulch, while the sub-plots were biofertilizer, which consist of two levels: control and biofertilizer; and with four replications. Each plot planted with 22 plants. Parameters observed were plant height, leaf number, leaf width, fresh plant top weight, dry plant top weight, plant tuber yield, and number of tubers. The results are plastic mulch treatment had an effect on plant height with the largest average found in the mulch treatment of 55.98 cm, the largest average leaf width in the mulch treatment was 25.09 cm, the average fresh weight of the mulch plant was 197.03 g, and the average dry weight of mulch plants was 22.50 g. The biofertilizer treatment affected significantly on plant height, leaf number, and leaf width. Mulch was affects significantly on production of taro plants with the highest of weight of 881.50g/plant equal to 22 t/ha, and number of tubers found in the mulch treatment of 32 bulbs. However, the biofertilizer treatment was not significant in the production of taro plants. We conclude that the plastic mulch can increase the growth, yield and number of tubers, better than the biofertilizer and the combination of its combination especially in the dry season.
Bacterial abundance of cacao agroforestry, cacao monoculture and secondary forest land uses in north Luwu, South Sulawesi
Authors: Nurhikmayani R , Jayadi M , Juita N , Aisyah B N 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Expanding the agricultural sector in North Luwu influences land use modification to enhance plantation output. Continuous land use and clearance can jeopardize the survival of native land vegetation, altering C and N cycles, community composition, population, and soil microbial activity. Microorganisms are essential for maintaining the health and quality of the soil. The abundance of soil microorganisms significantly impacts ecosystem function, so it can help boost agricultural output. This demonstrates that data on the abundance and diversity of soil microorganisms can be used to determine soil fertility. However, more information is needed about the diversity of soil microbes in North Luwu. This study seeks to determine the abundance of soil microorganisms, particularly for various land uses. Random soil samples were collected from cacao monoculture, cacao agroforestry, and secondary forest. The C: N ratio and the total number of microorganisms were then measured in the collected soil samples. Cacao agroforestry with the highest C: N ratio had 1.8 x 108 CFU/g of total soil bacterial, the highest bacterial abundance among the three land covers, followed by secondary forest and cacao monoculture with the lowest C: N ratio and lowest bacterial abundance 2 x 107 CFU/g. These results indicated that the soil C: N ratio influences the bacterial abundance of various land uses. The highest abundance of nitrate-fixing bacteria was found in secondary forests and the lowest in cacao agroforestry, even though the %N indicated by both was the same.
Genetic response of hybrid maize line to downy mildew caused by Peronosclerospora spp. infection
Authors: Pakki S , Sebayang A , Mirsam H , Djaenuddin N , Nonci N , Muis A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Maize is the second staple food commodity in Indonesia. Apart from being the main source of carbohydrates and protein, the production of maize continues to increase along with the escalation of population growth and animal feed requirements in the last few years. The potential to increase the national production of maize is still feasible because of the yield gap between the potential yields of new superior varieties and the level of yields obtained by farmers. The yield gap caused by biotic stress in maize is mainly caused by pathogens such as downy mildew due to Peronosclerospora spp. Downy mildew distribution is sporadic that can infect a wide area. In Indonesia, it spreads widely and significantly reduces yields in the areas of maize production centres in East Java, Central Java, South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Lampung, and Sumatera. These obstacles can be overcome by integrated pest and disease control technology. One strategy is to discover downy mildew-resistant varieties that can be combined with other control treatments. The phenomenon of resistance to downy mildew infection of several hybrid maize strains began to be detected in the vegetative growth phase, with symptoms beginning at 14 days after planting (DAP), increasing with plant age, and reaching its peak after 28-35 DAP and then the symptoms will gradually disappear until no infection after 42 HST. This study analyses the resistant maize varieties from 2020 to 2022. The data showed the susceptible comparison variety (Anoman) was infected with 88.94% to 100%. In 2020, BMD73 showed a resistant reaction to Philippinensis species, other strains were classified as susceptible in P. maydis except BMD 76. All strains showed highly susceptible and susceptible reactions. In 2021, in P. philippinensis all strains FCP10-FCP16 showed a resistant reaction, but line FCP10-FCP16 had a resistance response that was classified as moderately resistant to P. maydis. The incidence of genetic response in 2022, except BMD86, strains BMD81-BMD85 were classified as resistant, as well as in the P. maydis endemic area all strains showed the same reaction.
Application of Various Concentrations of Mixed Extracts of Calotropis gigantea and Crescentia cujete Against Population and Attack Intensity of Leptocorisa acuta, Nephotettix virescens and Natural Enemy Populations of Rice Plants
Authors: Wardiman Muhammad Agung , Dewi Vien Sartika , Fatahuddin  , Farida  , Husain Adhyaksa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Changes in land and pesticide are the main drivers of changes in the biodiversity of agricultural land, particularly natural enemies of insect pests. Leptocorisa acuta and Nephotettix virescens are the main pests of rice plants in Indonesia which are mostly controlled with pesticides. The use of extracts of natural ingredients Calontropis gigantea leaves and Crescentia cujete fruit is an alternative for controlling rice pests. The purpose of the study was to determine the mixed extracts of C. gigantea and C. cujete with various concentrations on the population and the attack intensity of Leptocorisa acuta and Nephotettix virescens as well as natural enemies population. This study consisted of six treatments, namely a concentration of 1%; 2.5%; 4%; 5.5%; 7% and farmer treatment. Observations were made visually and sweep net by taking samples diagonally in one plot was taken five plant sample points were and in one point consisted of four clumps of rice. The results showed that, in comparison to the farmers treatment, the population and attack intensity were low for all extract concentration treatments, and statistical analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences between concentrations. In comparison to farmer treatment, the population of natural enemies was high in all extract treatments. When mixed extracts of C. gigantea and C. cujete are used for pest management of rice plants, the number and severity of pest attacks can be reduced without affecting natural enemies.
The effect of tobacco leaf biopesticides on the development of bacterial leaf blight of rice
Authors: Haryuni H , Soelistijono R , Priyadi S , Maryanti I E , Supartini S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The staple food of the Indonesian population is rice, the need for rice continues to increase following the increase in population, and one of the obstacles to increasing production is crop failure caused by rice leaf blight. Leaf blight is one of the important diseases which causes almost 70% yield loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration and interval of application of tobacco leaf biopesticide on the development of leaf blight in Ciherang rice variety. This study was designed using a factorial complete randomized design, the first factor was the concentration of tobacco leaf biopesticide which consisted of 4 levels, namely 0 ml/l, 1 ml/l, 2 ml/l, and 3 ml/l. the second factor is the Giving Interval which consists of 3 levels. i. e. every 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days. Parameters of the development of rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB) that were observed were the number of grains per plant, percentage of attack and intensity of attack by leaf blight. The results showed that the highest number of grains per plant, the lowest attack percentage, and the lowest attack intensity were in the B3P1.
Exploration of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) chili plants in various field types in Indonesia: a case study in Kolaka Regency, and their relationship with Fusarium oxysporum wilt disease
Authors: Ekaputri A , Amin N , Patandjengi B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots provides benefits to the host plant. Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is the most common disease on chili (Capsicum annuum), resulting in production losses of up to 50%. Until now, efforts to control wilt disease still rely on chemical control which has a negative impact on the environment.The purpose of this study was to examine the existence and number of Mycorrhizal spore morphology surrounding the roots of chili plants in three different types of fields in Kolaka Regency, as well as their relationship to Fusarium wilt. Plants were sampled from numerous chili farms in Kolaka Regency for this study, and the samples will be identified at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar.The proportion of infection, the amount of spores in the soil, and the incidence of fusarium wilt in chili were all measured. Mycorrhizae were found to infect chili roots and increase the amount of spores in three separate fields of chili plants. This demonstrates a link between mycorrhizae and chili roots, as well as the presence of spores in the soil and the kind of spores, Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp.The interaction between mycorrhizae and Fusarium oxysporum disease in chili plants, namely suppressing the acceleration rate of Fusarium oxysporum disease is said to occur but is considered low. Different field types significantly affect the characteristics of mycorrhizae and the growth of chili plants, especially those that are attacked by Fusarium oxysporum. The field type with the least spores were found in Sani- Sani Village, Samaturu District, Kolaka Regency.
Effectiveness test the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch) at various concentrations against Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in the laboratory
Authors: Yusri Mita 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most important major pests of maize in the world. Armyworms are polyphagous, the main target is corn, pests can move to other hosts if there is no primary host so that these pests can survive and maintain their populations throughout the year. S.frugiperda is also considered a serious insect pest because it reproduces in several generations per year and adults can fly up to 100 km per night, giving it the potential to spread widely in a short time. This study aim to determine the effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (match) at various concentrations against S. Frugiperda. This study was conducted in laboratory conditions, using a completely randomized design using four treatments and five replications. Each replicates used 20 test larvae. the treatments were: control, concentration of M. anisopliae 107, M. anisopliae 108, and of M. anisopliae 109. The larvae used as test larvae were instar 2 larvae, and observations were made every day to see the mortality of the test insects and record the symptoms that appeared in larvae after the application of M. anisopliae. The results showed that there was an effect of mortality on the test insects seen in treatment 108 showing the highest treatment of 9.15 days after application compared to all treatments. at 14 days post-application. The results of this study indicate the need for proper development for the purpose of effective pest control in crop cultivat.
Isolation and antagonistic test of fungi associated with pummelo citrus against Botryodiplodia theobromae in vitro
Authors: Sahlan F K , Rusicha F A , Darmawan A A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Botryodiplodia theobromae is one of the causal agents of diplodia stem-end rot in pummelo citrus. Currently reported, indigenous microbes which are associated with plants can improve plant health by controlling diseases and promoting plant growth. This study aims to determine the potential of fungi associated with pummelo citrus in inhibiting B. theobromae in vitro. Identification of the fungus which associates with pummelo citrus is determined by observing the cultural morphological and microscopic characteristics. The antagonist test was performed using dual culture method. The collected data was analyzed with a completely randomized design with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that there were isolates of fungi associated with pummelo citrus which were identified as Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Mucor and Fusarium genera. There were 7 isolates of fungi which have the potential to inhibit B. theobromae which were from genera Trichoderma and Aspergillus. The antagonist mechanisms that occurred in this study were competition and parasitism.
Plant extract as kairomone attractant to cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in cocoa farm
Authors: Rivay Muhammad Agraputra , Sjam Sylvia , Sulaeha Sulaeha , Rosmana Ade , Fitriyanti Nur Azizah , Dayanti Putri 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In Southeast Asian countries, the cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella) is a significant pest that can cause damage to cocoa production. A potential method for controlling this pest is to use kairomone attractants made from plant extracts. This study aimed to determine the attractiveness of Carrot Leaf Extract (ElCar) and Coffee Leaf Extract (ElCoff) to C. cramerella. Approximately one hectare of cocoa plants was used in the experiment, and observations were made with a three-day interval for two months. The findings demonstrated that the use of plant extracts as kairomone attractants was effective for attracting adult females. No adult male populations were captured during the period of observation. 116 female adults were captured in ElCar, 25 at 5% concentration, 27 at 10% concentration, and 64 at 15% concentration. 100 adult females were captured in ElCoff: 16 at 5% concentration, 51 at 10% concentration, and 33 at 15% concentration. Carrot extract at a concentration of 15% contained the highest percentage of attractant, putting it in the very high attractant category (86%). The percentage of high attractant in coffee extract was found to be 10%, which was in the very high category (80%).
Molecular detection of Pepper yellow leaf curl virus, Tomato leaf curl virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, and Mungbean yellow mosaic virus on eggplant, tomato, and pepper at different altitudes in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sidik E A , Hartono S , Sulandari S , Lukman R , Affifudin A , Wahyudin D , Santoso H B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The genus Begomovirus causes yellow disease is the most damaging and threatening for eggplant, tomato, and pepper production worldwide. Begomoviruses (Family Geminiviridae) are transmitted circulative persistent manner by Bemisia tabaci. This study aims to determine the variation of infection of several species of Begomoviruses in tomato, eggplant, and pepper at different altitudes in East Java. Molecular detection of infection Begomoviruses were discovered using PCR and four pairs of specific primers. Samples were collected at different altitudes in East Java (Kencong, Karangploso, and Pujon). The PCR was successfully applied to detect Pepper yellow leaf curl virus, Tomato leaf curl virus, and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus from tomato, eggplant, and pepper in Kencong. Tomato, eggplant, and pepper from all locations were not infected by Mungbean yellow mosaic virus. Symptoms of Begomovirus infection found in the samples from Kencong were more varied than those found in Karangploso and Pujon. The phylogenetic analysis’ findings revealed that the TYLCV Kencong shared the highest homologies with TYLCKaV pepper and eggplant from Indonesia; PepYLCV Kencong shared with PepYLCV Ageratum conyzoides from Indonesia; and ToLCV Kencong shared with ToLCNDV cucumber from Central Java. The molecular detection has shown that there are different combinations of Begomovirus infection at altitudes.
Control of Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus and Its Vector (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) on Chili Plants (Capsicum annum L.) Using Resistant Variety and Insecticide Application
Authors: Arfiani N , Nasruddin A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
PepYLCIV, the cause of chili yellow leaf curl disease, is currently widespread in Indonesia and cause up to 100% yield loss, transmitted by whitefly, namely Bemisia tabaci. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of using chili varieties with different resistance to Geminivirus and different frequencies of insecticides application on B. tabaci population, PepYLCIV incidence and severity on two chili varieties with different resistance to Geminivirus. The experimental design used was a Split Plot Design. The main plots were chili varieties consisting of Baja MC F1 and Pilar F1. Sub-plots were the frequency of insecticides application which consisted of three levels, those are: not applied, applied once a week, and applied twice a week. Parameters observed were B. tabaci population, disease incidence and severity which carried out every week (starting 23 days after planting). The results showed, the use of insecticides and varieties with different resistance to Geminivirus had no effect on suppressing B. tabaci populations during the rainy season. Thus, chili plants didn’t need insecticides application during the rainy season. The use of resistant varieties can reduce the incidence and severity of chili yellow leaf curl disease, but both varieties reacted similarly to B. tabaci.
Effect of pollination method on true shallot seed formation improvement
Authors: Purnamasari N R , Haryati Y , Hamdani K K , Dianawati M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Producing seeds from shallot flower requires proper pollination techniques to form pithy seeds. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of several pollination methods in producing true shallot seeds (TSS). The research was conducted in Cilame Village, Ngamprah District, West Bandung Regency, West Java at an altitude of 900 m asl. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of four treatments and six replications. The treatments are pollination methods: control (natural pollination), using a brush, using stroking/bare hand method, and a combination of using a brush and stroking. Pollination treatment was carried out when the flowers have bloomed for three consecutive days. The variables observed were plant height, number of tillers, number of flowers per clump, umbel diameter, number of capsules per umbel, and seed production per umbel. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and if the results of the F test were significantly different, it was continued with DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) and correlation. The result showed that pollination by stroking is the most effective to increasing TSS production per umbel. Seed production per umbel by stroking was 0.89g and control (natural pollination) was 0.23g. Stroking method increased TSS production per umbel by 74.16 % compared to control. Therefore, the method could become an alternative to increase the formation of TSS in overcoming the limitations of natural pollinator.
Seed purity assessment of two local upland rice cultivars of Southeast Sulawesi based on agronomic characteristics
Authors: Wijayanto T , Suryaningsih  , Setiawan A , Mandia R , Syafirah  , Ismail  , Boer D , Arsyad M A , Rahni N M , Dedu L A , Asniah  , Hisein W S A , Satrah V N 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This research intended to purify upland rice seeds that have presumably been unintentionally mixed with various types of rice seeds, causing decreased quality or nature of the superior upland rice cultivars. Seed purification effort is needed to restore the purity of the seeds of promising local upland rice cultivars. The second long term goal of this research was to produce basic pure seeds, that are required for further breeding programs, and/or for the purpose of releasing new varieties. This study was the second generation of purification effort, aimed to further select the same or uniform agronomic characteristics of the local upland rice cultivars in each seed lot. Similar with the first generation, the experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 15 seed lots as treatment and each seed lot consisted of 4 “grids” (replications). This research was conducted at the Field Laboratory, Experimental Garden II, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. The results showed several characters (i.e., plant height, leaf number, and tiller number etc.) of the two rice cultivars were seem more uniform as compared to the first generation of purification. This indicates that the seeds are gradually purer.