bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It's a habit. They've been doing it for decades and they feel good and safe.”: A qualitative study of barriers and opportunities to changing antimicrobial use in the Indonesian poultry sector
Authors: Hibbard Rebecca , Chapot Lorraine , Yusuf Havan , Ariyanto Kurnia Bagus , Maulana Kusnul Yuli , Febriyani Widya , Cameron Angus , Vergne Timothée , Faverjon Céline , Paul Mathilde C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Interventions to change antimicrobial use (AMU) practices can help mitigate the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development. However, changing AMU practices can be challenging due to the complex nature of the factors influencing AMU-related behaviours. This study used a qualitative approach to explore the factors that influenced decision making on AMU by farmers and other actors in the Indonesian poultry sector. Thirty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with farmers, technical services staff from the private sector, and representatives of associations, universities, and international organisations in Central Java, West Java, and East Java. Thematic analysis identified three patterns of influence on AMU: how farmers used information to make AMU-related decisions, the importance of farmers’ social and advisory networks, and the motivations driving changes in AMU behaviours. Key barriers identified included a lack of shared understanding around when to use antibiotics, financial pressures in the poultry sector, and a lack of engagement with government veterinary services. Potential opportunities identified included high farmer awareness of AMU, identification of private sector actors and peer networks as the stakeholders with established relationships of trust with farmers, and the importance of farmers’ conceptions of good farming practices, which could be engaged with to improve AMU practices.
Study on the Effect of 40 Hz Non-Invasive Light Therapy System. A Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
Authors: Agger Mikkel Pejstrup , Horning Maibritt Karin , Carstensen Marcus Schultz , Danielsen Else Rubæk , Baandrup Anders Ohlhues , Nguyen Mai , Høgh Peter , Miskowiak Kamilla , Petersen Paul Michael , Madsen Kristoffer Hougaard , Kjær Troels Wesenberg 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
With no cure or effective treatment, the prevalence of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is expected to intensify, thereby increasing the social and financial burden on society. Light-based 40 Hz brain stimulation is considered a novel treatment strategy for patients with AD that may alleviate some of this burden. This project will utilize a novel Light Therapy System (LTS). The LTS uses Invisible Spectral Flicker for non-invasive induction of 40 Hz neural activity. This protocol describes a trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a light-based 40 Hz brain stimulation, in patients with mild-to-moderate AD.
Methods
62 patients with mild-to-moderate AD will participate in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, and single-center trial. The participants will partake in an enrollment period of 1 month, an intervention period of 6 months, and a 1.5-month post-interventional follow-up period. At week 0, patients will be randomized to either active or placebo intervention. The primary endpoints will be the change of total gamma power at 40 Hz from baseline to weeks 26 and 32 with and without concomitant stimulation with the device.
Discussion
This protocol describes a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial that may increase the understanding of the effect of gamma oscillations in the human brain, and how it could be utilized as a novel and important tool for the treatment of AD. The effect is measured through a large, multidisciplinary assessment battery.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05260177). Registered on March 2, 2022.
Personalization and localization as key user expectations of digital health intervention for women before, during and after pregnancy: A qualitative study
Authors: Lee V Vien , Vijayakumar Smrithi , Ng Wei Ying , Lau Ni Yin , Leong Qiao Ying , Ooi Delicia Shu Qin , Su Lin Lin , Lee Yung Seng , Chan Shiao-Yng , Blasiak Agata , Ho Dean 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
Health behaviors before, during and after pregnancy can have lasting effects on maternal and infant health outcomes. Although a digital health intervention (DHI) has potential as a pertinent avenue to deliver mechanisms for a healthy behavior change, its success is reliant on addressing the user needs, without creating apprehension that may lead to attrition. Accordingly, the current study aimed to understand DHI needs and expectations of women before, during and after pregnancy to inform and optimize future DHI developments, specifically ‘the do’s and the don’ts’ for sustainable engagement and efficient intervention.
Methods
Forty-four women (13 pre-, 16 during and 15 post-pregnancy; age range = 21–40 years) completed a 60-minute, semi-structured, qualitative interview exploring participant’s experience in their current phase, experience with, and attitude towards digital health tools, and their needs and expectations of DHIs. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed.
Results
From the interviews, two core concepts emerged – personalized journey and embedding within the local ecosystem. Between both concepts, five themes and 12 sub-themes were identified. Themes and sub-themes within personalization cover ideas of two-way interactivity, journey organization based on phases and circumstances, and privacy trade-off. Themes and sub-themes within localization cover ideas of access to local health-related resources and information, and connecting to local communities through anecdotal stories.
Conclusion
The findings captured - through understanding user needs and expectations - the key elements for the development and optimization of a successful DHI for women before, during and after pregnancy. To potentially empower downstream DHI implementation and adoption, these insights can serve as a foundation in the initial innovation process for DHI developers and be further built upon through a continued co-design process.
Temperament and Adolescent Suicide Attempts: A Case-Control study with multi-ethnic Asian adolescents
Authors: Toh Sean Han Yang , Wan Michelle Jing Si , Kroneman Leoniek Mirjam , Nyein Nyein , Wong John Chee Meng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Suicide is the leading cause of death for adolescents in several parts of Asia, including Singapore. This study examines the relationship between temperament and youth suicide attempts in a sample of multi-ethnic Singaporean adolescents.
Methods: A case-control design compared 60 adolescents (Mage = 16.40, SDage = 2.00) with a recent suicide attempt (i.e., past 6 months) with 58 adolescents (Mage = 16.00, SDage = 1.68) without any history of suicide attempts. Presence of suicide attempts was established using the semi-structured interviewer-administered Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Participants also completed self-report measures on temperament traits, psychiatric diagnoses, stressful life events, and perceived parental rejection in an interview-based format.
Results: Psychiatric diagnosis and comorbidity, recent stressful life events, perceived parental rejection, and all five “difficult temperament” traits, were significantly overrepresented among adolescent cases relative to healthy controls. Adjusted logistic regression models revealed significant associations between suicide attempt, major depressive disorder (MDD) (OR: 6.36, p = <.01), MDD comorbidity (OR: 10.7, p = <.01), “negative mood” trait (OR: 1.14 – 1.22, p = <.05), and the interaction term of “positive mood” and “high adaptability” traits (OR: .943 – .955, p = <.05). Specifically, “positive mood” predicted lower likelihood of a suicide attempt when “adaptability” was high (OR: .335 – .342, p < .05) but not low (OR: .968 – .993, p > .87).
Conclusion: Temperament screening may be important to identify adolescents at higher or lower risk of suicide at an early stage. However, the small sample and cross-sectional design limits any conclusions about causality.
Gut microbiota-derived tryptamine and phenethylamine impair insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Zhai Lixiang , Xiao Hai-Tao , Lin Chengyuan , Wong Hoi Leong Xavier , Lam Yan Y. , Gong Mengxue , Wu Guojun , Ning Ziwan , Huang Chunhua , Zhang Yijing , Yang Chao , Luo Jingyuan , Zhang Lu , Zhao Ling , Zhang Chenhong , Lau Johnson Y. N. , Lu Aiping , Lau Lok-Ting , Jia Wei , Zhao Liping , Bian Zhao-xiang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The incidence of metabolic syndrome is significantly higher in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Gut microbiota has been causatively linked with the development of both metabolic dysfunctions and gastrointestinal disorders, thus gut dysbiosis in IBS may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Here, we showed that human gut bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus play a pathogenic role in gut dysbiosis-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and IBS. Monoassociation of R. gnavus impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose control in germ-free mice. Mechanistically, treatment of R. gnavus-derived metabolites tryptamine and phenethylamine directly impaired insulin signaling in major metabolic tissues of healthy mice and monkeys and this effect was mediated by the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling axis. Moreover, we showed levels of R. gnavus, tryptamine and phenethylamine are positively associated with insulin resistance in T2D patients and IBS patients. Our findings suggest a causal role for tryptamine/phenethylamine-producers in the development of insulin resistance, provide molecular mechanisms for the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in IBS, and highlight the TAAR1 signaling axis as a potential therapeutic target for the management of metabolic syndrome induced by gut dysbiosis.
A qualitative study exploring self-management behaviour of patients with chronic kidney disease during COVID-19
Authors: Uzun Mehmet Barlas , Gülpınar Gizem , Pehlivanlı Aysel , Şengül Şule 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue. COVID-19 immensely affects people with chronic diseases including patients with CKD. We aimed to explore the factors that might have an impact on the self-management of patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) and patients with kidney transplant (KTx) during COVID-19 by using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods A qualitative phenomenology research design was used to build evidence to establish the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-management behaviour of patients with CKD. Data were analysed using framework analysis to identify key factors influencing patients’ perceptions regarding the self-management of their conditions during COVID-19. Results Eighteen patients with KTx and seven with HD were interviewed during the lockdown. Having CKD was discussed as a major contributing factor contributing to the perception of susceptibility. The fear of death expressed by the participants had a profound impact on self-management. Delays in check-ups and monitoring, staying at home, financial burden of treatment, lack of trusted information, safety of test sites, and fatalistic attitudes of patients were the barriers identified in the study towards self-management behaviours of patients. External and internal triggers were the motivators of adopting self-management behaviour. Conclusion This study provides an in-depth view of factors impacting the adoption of self-management behaviour of patients with CKD during COVID-19 and may provide healthcare providers and policymakers knowledge about factors contributing towards compromised patient care.
Nearshore terminal fan and seismic sedimentology response characteristics: A case study of the first member of the Shahejie Formation in the Suning area of Raoyang Sag
Authors: Li Xinshuai , Meng Qingchun , Xie Jun , Wang Xiuwei , Chen Hong , Shao Minmin , Zhao Yuzhi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the first section of the Shahejie Formation in the Suning area. Based on three-dimensional seismic, logging, drilling core and other data, and on the principle of seismic sedimentology, the difficulty in accurately characterizing thin sand bodies is resolved. Moreover, the study area is clearly defined as sediment from the western provenance, along with the identification of the nearshore terminal fan facies. This study aims to determine the seismic characteristics of sand body based on 90° phase optimization processing and frequency division interpretation processing to judge the relative isochronous seismic event, and a 45-Hz seismic data body is selected for stratum slice to realize the fine characterization of channel sand body. Finally, a high-precision sedimentological interpretation of stratigraphic slices reveals the seismic response characteristics and evolution rules of the nearshore terminal fan deposits.
The role of the biological maturation on performance indicators in young soccer players: multidimensional analysis by maturity status
Authors: Borges Paulo Henrique , Costa Julio Cesar , Ramos-Silva Luiz Fernando , Menegassi Vanessa Menezes , Praça Gibson Moreira , Moura Felipe Arruda , Ronque Enio Ricardo Vaz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study verified the effects of the maturity status on the interactions of young soccer players in small-sided games. The sample included 81 players (14.4 ± 1.1 years). Anthropometric measurements of body mass, height, sitting height, and bone age were obtained (TW3 method). The multidimensional evaluation involved the following tests: Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRT1), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Repeated Sprints Ability (RSA), observational analysis of techniques, and interactions performed by players in small-sided games. The relationship between the set of evaluated variables within each maturity status was obtained from the correlational analysis of networks (P > 0.05). The maturity status explained a significant portion of the variance in body mass (Ƞ2=0.37), height (Ƞ2= 0.30), sitting height (Ƞ2=0.30), and performance on the YYIRT1 (Ƞ2=0.08), CMJ (Ƞ2=0.14), and RSA (Ƞ2=0.13). No effect of maturity status on network-based centrality measures of young athletes was identified (P > 0.05). For the late maturity group, there was a correlation between the degree of centrality and physical growth indicators (rmean=0.88). For players with maturation “on time”, physical growth indicators relate to the degree of prestige (rmean=0.36). It is concluded that body size and bone age impact how late and on-time maturity groups interact within the match.
Diagnostic value of niacin skin blunting response in adolescent patients with depression
Authors: Nianhong Shen , Pan Liu , Caijun Li , Hongying Ye , You Sun , Jie Chang , Jinquan Zhou , Yunshan Zhou , Donghu Wang , Mingchao Yu , Chengbing Huang , Xueyuan Hou 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the differences in the niacin skin flushing response of adolescent depressed patients and healthy adolescents and its diagnostic value in adolescent depression.
Methods: Thirty-eight cases of acute episodes of depression in unmedicated adolescents and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included as study subjects, and sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, all of which were stimulated with six concentration gradients (up to 60 mmol/L, followed by sequential 3-fold gradient dilution to a minimum of 0.25 mmol/L) of niacin solution on the forearm skin, and the skin flushing area was applied as an assessment index.
Results: The total area of redness of the skin in response to niacin was significantly lower in the adolescent depression group than in the healthy adolescent group (Z=-3.36, p=0.001) and was able to distinguish the adolescent depression group from the healthy adolescent group (area under curve=0.713, sensitivity 51.1%, specificity 83.2%).
Conclusions: Niacin sensitivity is reduced in adolescent depressed patients, and the niacin skin flush response has potential clinical value as a diagnostic biomarker for adolescent depression.
Intrusion Detection based on Ensemble Learning for Big Data Classification
Authors: JEMILI Farah , MEDDEB Rahma , KORBAA Ouajdi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) plays a crucial role in the security of modern computer systems and networks. They continuously monitor the activity on a network, looking for any signs of unauthorized access or malicious behavior. Therefore, the main objective of developers is the improvement of Intrusion Detection Systems to control network security. Challenges of Big data in intrusion detection are a struggle that both researchers and developers face due to the decreased scalability of network data. Furthermore, Machine Learning has a crucial role in developing Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). Ensemble learning is a machine learning technique that combines the predictions of multiple individual models to produce a more accurate and stable prediction. It is considered to be more important than simply learning because it addresses several limitations of simple learning methods. In this work, an ensemble model is proposed to evaluate dimensionality minimization in an Intrusion Detection System and several combinations were tested as well as processed on datasets. Yet, to overcome Big Data challenges, the feature's effects on the datasets were determined and only the most effective ones were considered to significantly differentiate data. Thus, the ensemble model results were solved using standard evaluation measures. In addition, the experimentation proved that the tested ensemble models perform better than the existing models. Big Data techniques have been applied to treat and analyze massive Data to provide an insightful data analysis process.
Sequence Matters: Precise Synthesis of Hetero[3]rotaxane Isomers with Sequence-dependent Chemical Reactivity and Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Peng Zhiyong , Jia Pei-Pei , Wang Xu-Qing , Zhao Xiao-Li , Yang Hai-Bo , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sequence isomerism plays fundamental roles in the encoding of biological information and in tuning material performance, but engineering sequences and elucidating their effects remain a major and largely unmet challenge in synthetic chemistry. Herein, We develop a novel wheel assembling approach aiming at the precise sequence control of hetero[3]rotaxanes, a typical family of mechanically interlocked molecules. Based on a key [2]rotaxane precursor with exchangeable pentafluorophenyl ester stoppers, We successfully synthesized both sequence isomers of diverse hetero[3]rotaxanes. Moreover, taking advantage of the chirality retention along with the wheel assembling process, corresponding sequence isomers of chiral functionalized hetero[3]rotaxanes were further precisely synthesized. Impressively, these hetero[3]rotaxanes revealed remarkable sequence-dependent chemical reactivity and circularly polarized luminescence, highlighting fantastic sequence effects. This proof-of-concept study lays the foundation for the investigations on the structure-property relationships of heterorotaxanes, which would further direct the rational design and precise synthesis of sequence-defined heterorotaxanes with desired properties for practical use.
Crystal structure of adenosine A2A receptor in complex with clinical candidate Etrumadenant reveals novel antagonist interaction
Authors: Claff Tobias , Schlegel Jonathan , Vaaßen Victoria , Voss Jan , Weisse Renato , Cheng Robert , Markovic-Mueller Sandra , Bucher Denis , Sträter Norbert , Müller Christa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Gs-protein-coupled adenosine A2Areceptor (A2AAR) represents an emerging drug target for cancer immunotherapy. The clinical candidate Etrumadenant was developed as an A2AAR antagonist with ancillary blockade of the A2BAR subtype. It constitutes a novel chemotype featuring a poly-substituted 2-amino-4-phenyl-6-triazolylpyrimidine core structure. Herein, we report two crystal structures of the A2AAR in complex with Etrumadenant, obtained with differently thermostabilized A2AAR constructs. This led to the discovery of an unprecedented interaction, a hydrogen bond of T883.36with the cyano group of Etrumadenant. T883.36is mutated in most A2AAR constructs used for crystallization, which has prevented the discovery of its interactions. In-vitro characterization of Etrumadenant indicated low selectivity versus the A1AR subtype, which can be rationalized by the structural data. These results will facilitate the future design of AR antagonists with desired selectivity. Moreover, they highlight the advantages of the new A2AAR crystallization construct devoid of ligand binding site mutations.
Mutations in DARS2 result in global dysregulation of mRNA metabolism and splicing
Authors: Guang Shiqi , O'Brien Brett , Fine Amena Smith , Ying Mingyao , Fatemi Ali , Nemeth Christina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) is a rare neurological disorder caused by the mutations in the DARS2 gene, which encodes the mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. The objective of this study was to understand the impact of DARS2 mutations on cell processes through evaluation of LBSL patient stem cell derived cerebral organoids and neurons. We generated human cerebral organoids (hCOs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of seven LBSL patients and three healthy controls using an unguided protocol. Single cells from 70-day-old hCOs underwent SMART-seq2 sequencing and multiple bioinformatic analysis tools were applied to high-resolution gene and transcript expression analyses. To confirm hCO findings, iPSC-derived neurons (iNs) were generated by overexpressing Neurogenin 2 using lentiviral vector to study neuronal growth, splicing of DARS2 exon 3 and DARS2 protein expression. Global gene expression analysis demonstrated dysregulation of a number of genes involved in mRNA metabolism and splicing processes within LBSL hCOs. Importantly, there were distinct and divergent gene expression profiles based on the nature of the DARS2 mutation. At the transcript level, pervasive differential transcript usage and differential spliced exon events that are involved in protein translation and metabolism were identified in LBSL hCOs. Single-cell analysis of DARS2 (exon 3) showed that some LBSL cells exclusively express transcripts lacking exon 3, indicating that not all LBSL cells can benefit from the “leaky” nature common to splice site mutations. Live cell imaging revealed neuronal growth defects of LBSL iNs, which was consistent with the finding of downregulated expression of genes related to neuronal differentiation in LBSL hCOs. DARS2 protein was downregulated in iNs compared to iPSCs, caused by increased exclusion of exon 3. At the gene- and transcript-level, we uncovered that dysregulated RNA splicing, protein translation and metabolism may underlie at least some of the pathophysiological mechanisms in LBSL. The scope and complexity of our data imply that DARS2 is potentially involved in transcription regulation beyond its canonical role of aminoacylation. Nevertheless, our work highlights transcript-level dysregulation as a critical, and relatively unexplored, mechanism linking genetic data with neurodegenerative disorders.