bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buy One Get 14 Free: Evaluating Local Reductions for Modal Logic
Authors: Nalon Cláudia , Hustadt Ullrich , Papacchini Fabio , Dixon Clare 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe are interested in widening the reasoning support for propositional modal logics in the so-called modal cube. The modal cube consists of extensions of the basic modal logic $$\textsf{K}_{}$$

K

with an arbitrary combination of the modal axioms $$\textsf{B}$$
B
, $$\textsf{D}$$
D
, $$\textsf{T}$$
T
, $$\textsf{4}$$
4
and $$\textsf{5}$$
5
. We revisit recently developed local reductions from all logics in the modal cube to a normal form comprising sets of clausal formulae with associated modal levels. We extend these reductions further to the basic modal logic $$\textsf{K}_{}$$

K

, called definitional reductions. This enables any prover for $$\textsf{K}_{}$$

K

to be used to solve the satisfiability problem for all logics in the modal cube. We also present alternative, axiomatic, reductions based on ideas originally proposed by Kracht, providing new theoretical results and improved bounds on the size of the reductions. We compare both sets of reductions combined with state-of-the-art provers for $$\textsf{K}_{}$$

K

on a large set of parametric benchmarks for all logics in the modal cube. The results show that the provers perform better with reductions based on the clausal normal form than the axiomatic reductions.
Left-Linear Completion with AC Axioms
Authors: Niederhauser Johannes , Hirokawa Nao , Middeldorp Aart 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe revisit AC completion for left-linear term rewrite systems where AC unification is avoided and the normal rewrite relation can be used in order to decide validity questions. To that end, we give a new correctness proof for finite runs and establish a simulation result between the two inference systems known from the literature. Furthermore, we show how left-linear AC completion can be simulated by general AC completion. In particular, this result allows us to switch from the former to the latter at any point during a completion process. Finally, we present experimental results for our implementation of left-linear AC completion in the tool .
On P-Interpolation in Local Theory Extensions and Applications to the Study of Interpolation in the Description Logics $$\mathcal{E}\mathcal{L}, \mathcal{E}\mathcal{L}^+$$
Authors: Peuter Dennis , Sofronie-Stokkermans Viorica , Thunert Sebastian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study theP-interpolation property for certain local theory extensions, and use these results for proving$$\le $$≤-interpolation in classes of semilattices with monotone operators. For computing the$$\le $$≤-interpolating terms, we use a hierarchic approach. We use these results for the study of$$\sqsubseteq $$⊑-interpolation in the description logics$$\mathcal{E}\mathcal{L}$$ELand$$\mathcal{E}\mathcal{L}^+$$EL+.
Theorem Proving in Dependently-Typed Higher-Order Logic
Authors: Rothgang Colin , Rabe Florian , Benzmüller Christoph 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigher-order logic HOL offers a very simple syntax and semantics for representing and reasoning about typed data structures. But its type system lacks advanced features where types may depend on terms. Dependent type theory offers such a rich type system, but has rather substantial conceptual differences to HOL, as well as comparatively poor proof automation support.We introduce a dependently-typed extension DHOL of HOL that retains the style and conceptual framework of HOL. Moreover, we build a translation from DHOL to HOL and implement it as a preprocessor to a HOL theorem prover, thereby obtaining a theorem prover for DHOL.
Iscalc: An Interactive Symbolic Computation Framework (System Description)
Authors: Zhan Bohua , Fan Yuheng , Xiong Weiqiang , Xu Runqing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe need to verify symbolic computation arises in diverse application areas. In this paper, based on earlier work on verifying computation of definite integrals in , we present a tool for performing a variety of symbolic computations interactively, taking a middle ground in terms of easy of use and rigor between computer algebra systems and interactive theorem provers. The tool supports user-level definitions and dependency among computations, allowing construction and reuse of custom theories. Side conditions are checked on a best-effort basis. The tool is applied to highly non-trivial computations from the textbook Inside Interesting Integrals.
Verified Given Clause Procedures
Authors: Blanchette Jasmin , Qiu Qi , Tourret Sophie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResolution and superposition provers rely on the given clause procedure to saturate clause sets. Using Isabelle/HOL, we formally verify four variants of the procedure: the well-known Otter and DISCOUNT loops as well as the newer iProver and Zipperposition loops. For each of the variants, we show that the procedure guarantees saturation, given a fair data structure to store the formulas that wait to be selected. Our formalization of the Zipperposition loop clarifies some fine points previously misunderstood in the literature.
QSMA: A New Algorithm for Quantified Satisfiability Modulo Theory and Assignment
Authors: Bonacina Maria Paola , Graham-Lengrand Stéphane , Vauthier Christophe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents and proves totally correct a new algorithm, called$$\textsf{QSMA}$$QSMA, for the satisfiability of a quantified formula modulo a complete theory and an initial assignment. The optimized variant of$$\textsf{QSMA}$$QSMAimplemented in YicesQS is described and shown to preserve total correctness. A report on the performance of YicesQS at the 2022 SMT competition is included. YicesQS ran in the$$\textsf{LIA}$$LIA,$$\textsf{NIA}$$NIA,$$\textsf{LRA}$$LRA,$$\textsf{NRA}$$NRA, and$$\textsf{BV}$$BVcategories and ranked second for the “largest contribution” award (single queries). It was the only solver to solve all$$\textsf{LRA}$$LRAinstances, where it was about two orders of magnitude faster than the second best solver (Z3).
Urbane Bioökonomie als Bestandteil resilienter Stadtentwicklung
Authors: Bezama Alberto , Hildebrandt Jakob , Thrän Daniela 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungBetrachtet man die Bioökonomie aus einer Systemperspektive, so lassen sich die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Ressourcen und den Herstellungs- und Fertigungssektoren sowie deren Verbindung mit der Gesellschaft modellieren und verstehen. Ein besonderer Fall ist die Analyse von Städten, da sie die kleinste Systemeinheit darstellen, an der all diese Komponenten beteiligt sind. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die Definition eines urbanen Bioökonomie-Stoffwechsels zu erörtern, der dazu beitragen kann, die Stoffströme innerhalb der Stadtgrenzen in Verbindung mit den biobasierten Ressourcen der Stadtregion adäquat zu managen und so eine resilientere Stadt zu schaffen.
Quartier und urbane Resilienz: Themenfelder, Befunde und Forschungsbedarf
Authors: Schmidt Anika , Pößneck Janine , Haase Annegret , Kabisch Sigrun 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Anbetracht einer verstärkten Rezeption des Resilienzkonzepts in Forschung, Planung und kommunaler Praxis gibt der Beitrag einen Überblick zu aktuellen Bezügen zwischen Quartier und urbaner Resilienz. Diese werden für die Themenfelder Klimaanpassung, grün-blaue Infrastruktur, Energie- und Wärmewende, Gesundheit, Mobilität, Innovation und Reallabore sowie Wohnen skizziert. Am Beispiel der Coronakrise werden die multiplen Dimensionen von Krisen und ihre Wirkungsweisen im Quartier aufgezeigt. Der Beitrag betont damit, dass urbane Resilienz als multidimensionales Konzept und Querschnittsthema quartiersbezogener Forschung und Planung aufgefasst werden sollte. Er endet mit Hinweisen für eine kritische Analyse von Resilienz im Quartier und benennt weiteren Forschungsbedarf.
Three-dimensional hypergravity theories and semigroup expansion method
Authors: Caroca Ricardo , Concha Patrick , Matulich Javier , Rodríguez Evelyn , Tempo David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this work, we apply the semigroup expansion method of Lie algebras to construct novel and known three-dimensional hypergravity theories. We show that the expansion procedure considered here yields a consistent way of coupling different three-dimensional Chern-Simons gravity theories with massless spin-$$ \frac{5}{2} $$

5
2

gauge fields. First, by expanding the $$ \mathfrak{osp} $$
osp
(1|4) superalgebra with a particular semigroup a generalized hyper-Poincaré algebra is found. Interestingly, the hyper-Poincaré and hyper-Maxwell algebras appear as subalgebras of this generalized hypersymmetry algebra. Then, we show that the generalized hyper-Poincaré CS gravity action can be written as a sum of diverse hypergravity CS Lagrangians. We extend our study to a generalized hyper-AdS gravity theory by considering a different semigroup. Both generalized hyperalgebras are then found to be related through an Inönü-Wigner contraction which can be seen as a generalization of the existing vanishing cosmological constant limit between the hyper-AdS and hyper-Poincaré gravity theories.
A toolkit for ortho-symplectic dualities
Authors: Benvenuti Sergio , Monaco Gabriele Lo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We propose new confining dualities in 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauge theories with orthogonal gauge groups, with and without monopole superpotentials. Deriving some of those dualities requires a sequence of gauging and Higgsing for a ℤ2 symmetry. This prevents the gauge theory from developing a smooth quantum moduli space and affects the global structure of the gauge group, muting it from SO to O+.The confining dualities provide tools to deconfine fields transforming in the symmetric rank-2 representation of classical gauge groups. As an application, we propose and derive S-confining dualities for SO(N) (Sp(N)) gauge theories with an adjoint and 1 (2) fundamentals, respectively. From these S-confining dualities, we readily obtain various duality appetizers and the 3d mirror of A2N Argyres-Douglas theories.
Frühe Quellen eines Sexualmediziners aus urologischer Sicht
Authors: Moll Friedrich H. , Mildenberger Florian G. 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Sexualmedizin entwickelte sich im deutschsprachigen Raum im letzten Viertel des langen 19. Jahrhunderts entlang einer Grenzlinie zu den klinischen Fächern Urologie, Venerologie, Frauenheilkunde, Neurologie/Psychiatrie und Innere Medizin, woraus sich vielfältige Befruchtungen, Verflechtungen, Abgrenzungsbemühungen und Überschneidungen ergaben. Wir konnten hier als einen weiteren frühen Protagonisten Max Marcuse evaluieren, der als einziger der besonders bekannten Berliner Sexualwissenschaftler Magnus Hirschfeld, Ivan Bloch und Albert Moll den Holocaust überlebte und dessen 60. Todestag in diesem Jahr ist.
The governance of regional innovation policy and its economic implications
Authors: Gianelle Carlo , Guzzo Fabrizio , Barbero Javier , Salotti Simone 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper provides insights on the potential macroeconomic impact of the governance of the European innovation policy called Smart Specialisation. We use original empirical data on the implementation of the policy, which is funded through a dedicated financial envelope of the 2014–2020 EU cohesion policy, in a spatial macroeconomic modelling framework capable of gauging the general equilibrium effects of varying degrees of governance quality. Our contribution aims at narrowing the gap between the abstraction of ex-ante impact assessment exercises based on macroeconomic simulations and the reality of how policy interventions may take place. By using data for all Italian NUTS 2 regions, we find that the measured quality of Smart Specialisation governance could increase the pure investment-related impact of the policy by up to 40 percent. At the same time, we estimate that further potential GDP gains—in the order of an additional 40–50 percent over what was achieved with the observed levels of governance—would not materialise because of the comparatively low quality of governance in some regions.
Occupancy of acoustically tagged oceanic manta rays, Mobula birostris, in Bahia de Banderas, Mexico
Authors: Domínguez-Sánchez P. Santiago , Širović Ana , Fonseca-Ponce Iliana A. , Zavala-Jiménez Aldo A. , Rubin Robert D. , Kumli Katherine R. , Ketchum James T. , Galván-Magaña Felipe , Wells R. J. David , Stewart Joshua D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe oceanic manta ray (Mobula birostris) is an endangered species commonly seen at oceanic islands and seamounts; however, seasonal aggregations have been described in highly productive, coastal areas. Oceanic manta rays are found in high numbers seasonally in Bahía de Banderas, Mexico, a unique nearshore aggregation site for the species. We used acoustic telemetry to examine the influence of environmental variables on the occurrence of 66 tagged oceanic manta rays over a seven-year period from 2015 to 2021. Seasonal trends in oceanic manta ray occurrence showed a peak in detections from January to March, and another peak from May to early October. Oceanic manta rays were present when the temperature ranged between 25 °C and 29 °C, the southward wind speeds ranged between 3 and 5 m s–1, the westward wind speed between 2.5 and 4.5 m s–1. Furthermore, oceanic manta rays’ presence was higher at high and low tides and when Chlorophyll-a values ranged between 2.5 and 7 mg m3-1. Results also suggest that El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) had a strong effect on oceanic manta ray presence in the bay, which is consistent with previous studies. The detections of oceanic manta rays in the south of the bay, were greater in the morning hours, suggesting that during the night they may move to deeper waters, similar to other reported studies of manta and devil rays. Our model suggested a tag retention time of 300 days. This study serves as a baseline for future management plans for the species to minimize impacts on this population from human activities occurring in close proximity to oceanic manta ray aggregation sites.
Aversive reinforcement improves visual discrimination learning in free-flying wasps (Vespula vulgaris)
Authors: Dyer Adrian G. , Howard Scarlett R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Understanding and assessing the capacity for learning, memory, and cognition in non-model organisms is a growing field. In invertebrate cognition, eusocial hymenopteran species such as honeybees, bumblebees, and ants are well-studied for their learning and memory abilities due to decades of research providing well-tested methods of training and assessing cognition. In the current study, we assess the use of different conditioning methods on visual learning in a non-model hymenopteran species which is becoming increasingly used in learning and memory tasks, the European wasp (Vespula vulgaris). We trained individual wasps to learn to discriminate between perceptually similar colours using absolute conditioning (reward on target stimulus in the absence of distractors), appetitive differential conditioning (reward on target stimulus and no outcome for incorrect stimulus), or appetitive-aversive differential conditioning (reward on target stimulus and aversive outcome for incorrect stimulus). When trained with absolute conditioning, wasps were unable to learn to discriminate between perceptually similar colours. However, when trained with appetitive differential conditioning or appetitive-aversive differential conditioning, wasps were able to learn to discriminate between two similar colours, although they performed best when an aversive reinforcement was provided during training. Our results show similarities to learning behaviour in honeybees and bumblebees, and provide insight into the learning and cognition of a non-model invertebrate. Our findings provide important comparative data to aid in understanding the evolution of learning and memory in hymenopterans.

Significance statement
Foraging insects such as bees, ants, and wasps visit a variety of food sources such as flowers, insect prey, and rotting fruit. Many of these insects must learn and recall resource traits such as location, scent, shape, colour, and size. To understand the process of learning in insects which are comparatively less studied than those such as honeybees and bumblebees, we trained wasps to discriminate between two similar colours using three different types of conditioning methods. Wasps were best able to learn to discriminate between the similar colours when trained with appetitive-aversive differential conditioning, where a reward is provided for a correct choice and an aversive outcome was providing for an incorrect choice. Our results show that similar to popular invertebrate cognition models, wasp learning is improved when an aversive outcome is introduced for incorrect choices.
Were camptodactyly and boutonniere deformity considered pathological in late fifteenth century Italy? Evidence from the sculptures of Francesco di Simone Ferrucci (1437–1493)
Authors: Albury W. R. , Weisz G. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRepresentations of disease in Renaissance paintings have been discussed in medical literature, in the context of historical epidemiology, as potential sources of information about the incidence and appearance of particular conditions in earlier times. The present study seeks to show how Renaissance art can also contribute to historical nosology by casting light on the question of whether particular conditions recognized as abnormal today were understood as pathological in the past. The hands of two Renaissance Madonna figures are examined in sculptures produced by Francesco di Simone Ferrucci (1437–1493). Because the Virgin Mary was considered physically perfect by believers, and because Francesco was a successful producer of devotional sculptures for a wide audience, it is highly probable that any abnormal conditions found in the hands of Madonnas sculpted by him would not have been regarded as pathological at the time. The sculptures examined appear to depict camptodactyly and boutonniere deformity in the hands of Madonna figures. These uncommon conditions are also found in Renaissance artworks that show other individuals of high social status, but their presence in the hands of the Madonna gives the strongest indication that they were not considered pathological, due to religious belief in the Virgin’s physical perfection. Examination of Madonna figures in late fifteenth century Renaissance art can contribute to historical nosology by identifying abnormal conditions that were not regarded as pathological at the time. The examples of such conditions identified in the present study are camptodactyly and boutonniere deformity.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: a 3-year follow-up study
Authors: Holm-Yildiz Sonja , Krag Thomas , Witting Nanna , Pedersen Britt Stævnsbo , Dysgaard Tina , Sloth Louise , Pedersen Jonas , Kjær Rebecca , Kannuberg Linda , Dahlqvist Julia , de Stricker Borch Josefine , Solheim Tuva , Fornander Freja , Eisum Anne-Sofie , Vissing John 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background and objectives
Primary hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) is an inherited channelopathy most commonly caused by mutations in CACNA1S. HypoPP can present with different phenotypes: periodic paralysis (PP), permanent muscle weakness (PW), and mixed weakness (MW) with both periodic and permanent weakness. Little is known about the natural history of HypoPP.

Methods
In this 3-year follow-up study, we used the MRC scale for manual muscle strength testing and whole-body muscle MRI (Mercuri score) to assess disease progression in individuals with HypoPP-causing mutations in CACNA1S.

Results
We included 25 men (mean age 43 years, range 18–76 years) and 12 women (mean age 42 years, range 18–76 years). Two participants were asymptomatic, 21 had PP, 12 MW, and two PW. The median number of months between baseline and follow-up was 42 (range 26–52). Muscle strength declined in 11 patients during follow-up. Four of the patients with a decline in muscle strength had no attacks of paralysis during follow-up, and two of these patients had never had attacks of paralysis. Fat replacement of muscles increased in 27 patients during follow-up. Eight of the patients with increased fat replacement had no attacks of paralysis during follow-up, and two of these patients had never had attacks of paralysis.

Discussion
The study demonstrates that HypoPP can be a progressive myopathy in both patients with and without attacks of paralysis.
Low skeletal muscle mass and liver fibrosis in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Naume Marie Mostue , Jørgensen Marianne Hørby , Høi-Hansen Christina Engel , Nielsen Maja Risager , Born Alfred Peter , Vissing John , Borgwardt Lise , Stærk Dorte Marianne Rohde , Ørngreen Mette Cathrine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to conduct a nutritional and metabolic assessment of children with cerebral palsy, including an investigation of liver status, body composition, and bone mineral density. In this cross-sectional study we included 22 children with cerebral palsy. By using ultrasound, transient elastography, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and a three-day diet registration, the nutritional and metabolic status was evaluated. Liver fibrosis and steatosis were found in four patients (18.2%), all with severe motor impairments, low skeletal muscle mass, and epilepsy. All patients with liver involvement had normal liver-related blood samples. Decreased bone mineral density was found in 26.3%, and 91.0% had low skeletal muscle mass. Fat mass and muscle mass were significantly lower in the patients with severe motor impairments compared to the patients with less severe motor impairments. Within the children classified as ‘underweight’ or ‘normal’ according to body mass index, body fat determined by DXA scan was normal or high in 50% of these patients.Conclusions: This study is the first to report liver fibrosis and steatosis in children with cerebral palsy. Possible causes of liver fibrosis and/or steatosis are altered body composition with low skeletal muscle mass, decreased mobility and medical drug intake. Further investigations of liver involvement and risk factors are needed.

What is Known:• Children and adolescents with cerebral palsy are at risk of malnutrition and altered body composition, both of which can lead to fatty liver disease.• It is unknown whether children with cerebral palsy are at increased risk of metabolic disturbances such as fatty liver disease.

What is New:• Altered body composition and low skeletal muscle mass, regardless of ambulation is present in 91% of the children with cerebral palsy.• Liver fibrosis and/or steatosis were found in 18.2% of the patients. Possible causes are altered body composition, decreased mobility and medical drug intake.