bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical comment on “Reexamination of 2.5-Ga ‘whiff’ of oxygen interval points to anoxic ocean before GOE”
Authors: Anbar Ariel D. , Buick Roger , Gordon Gwyneth W. , Johnson Aleisha C. , Kendall Brian , Lyons Timothy W. , Ostrander Chadlin M. , Planavsky Noah J. , Reinhard Christopher T. , Stüeken Eva E. 
Published: April 2023

Many lines of inorganic geochemical evidence suggest transient “whiffs” of environmental oxygenation before the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). Slotznick
et al.
assert that analyses of paleoredox proxies in the Mount McRae Shale, Western Australia, were misinterpreted and hence that environmental O
2
levels were persistently negligible before the GOE. We find these arguments logically flawed and factually incomplete.
Obesity paradox in uveal melanoma: high body mass index is associated with low metastatic risk
Authors: Sabazade Shiva , Opalko Adrianna , Herrspiegel Christina , Gill Viktor Torgny , Plastino Flavia , André Helder , Stålhammar Gustav 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundMetabolic factors and obesity may influence the development and progression of cancer. In this study, we examine their association with the risk of developing metastases of uveal melanoma.MethodsData on metabolic factors, medications, serum leptin levels, tumour leptin receptor RNA expression and clinical outcomes were examined in three cohorts. HRs for metastasis and cumulative incidences of melanoma-related mortality were calculated, and the levels of tumour leptin receptor expression were compared with prognostic factors includingBAP1mutation, and tumour cell morphology.ResultsOf 581 patients in the main cohort, 116 (20%) were obese and 7 (1 %) had metastatic disease at presentation. In univariate Cox regressions, tumour diameter, diabetes type II and use of insulin were associated with metastases, but patients with obesity had a lower risk. The beneficial prognostic implication of obesity was retained in multivariate regressions. In competing risk analyses, the incidence of melanoma-related mortality was significantly lower for patients with obesity. Serum leptin levels≥median were associated with a reduced risk for metastasis, independent of patient sex and cancer stage in a separate cohort (n=80). Similarly, in a third cohort (n=80), tumours withBAP1mutation and epithelioid cells had higher leptin receptor RNA expression levels, which have a negative correlation with serum leptin levels.ConclusionObesity and elevated serum leptin levels are associated with a lower risk for developing metastases and dying from uveal melanoma.
Effect of dapagliflozin on 24-hour glycemic variables in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving basal insulin supported oral therapy (DBOT): a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study
Authors: Kudo Akihiro , Machii Noritaka , Ono Toshio , Saito Haruka , Oshiro Yoshito , Takahashi Ryu , Oshiro Koichi , Taneda Yoshinobu , Higa Moritake , Nakachi Ken , Yagi Shusuke , Masuzaki Hiroaki , Sata Masataka , Shimabukuro Michio 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the impacts of dapagliflozin on 24-hour glucose variability and diabetes-related biochemical variables in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who had received basal insulin supported oral therapy (BOT).Research design and methodsChanges in mean daily blood glucose level before and after 48–72 hours of add-on or no add-on of dapagliflozin (primary end point) and diabetes-related biochemical variables and major safety variables during the 12 weeks (secondary end point) were evaluated in the multicenter, randomized, two-arm, open-label, parallel-group comparison study.ResultsAmong 36 participants, 18 were included in the no add-on group and 18 were included in the dapagliflozin add-on group. Age, gender, and body mass index were comparable between the groups. There were no changes in continuous glucose monitoring metrics in the no add-on group. In the dapagliflozin add-on group, mean glucose (183–156 mg/dL, p=0.001), maximum glucose (300–253, p<0.01), and SD glucose (57–45, p<0.05) decreased. Time in range increased (p<0.05), while time above the range decreased in the dapagliflozin add-on group but not in the no add-on group. After 12-week treatment with dapagliflozin add-on, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), as well as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), decreased.ConclusionsThis study showed that the mean daily blood glucose and other daily glucose profiles were amended after 48–72 hours of dapagliflozin add-on in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who received BOT. The diabetes-related biochemical variables such as HbA1c and urinary 8OHdG were also obtained during the 12 weeks of dapagliflozin add-on without major adverse events. A preferable 24-hour glucose profile in ‘time in ranges’ and an improvement in reactive oxygen species by dapagliflozin warrant us to evaluate these benefits in larger clinical studies.Trial registration numberUMIN000019457.
How international research consortia can strengthen organisations’ research systems and promote a conducive environment and culture
Authors: Pulford Justin , El Hajj Taghreed , Tancred Tara , Ding Yan , Crossman Susie , Silvester Lorelei , Savio Martina , Bevan Natasha , Tagoe Nadia , Bates Imelda 
Published: April 2023

Research systems and cultures have been criticised for their detrimental effect on members’ mental health and well-being. Many international research programmes operate through research consortia that have the resources to make a substantial contribution to improving the research environment in their member organisations. This paper collates real-life examples from several large international consortia-based research programmes about how they strengthened organisations’ research capacity. The consortia primarily involved academic partners from the UK and/or sub-Saharan Africa and covered research topics including health, natural sciences, conservation agriculture and vector control. They were partly or wholly funded by UK agencies including the Wellcome, Foreign and Commonwealth Development Office, UK Research and Innovation Fund, and the Medical Research Council and they operated for 2–10 years between 2012 and 2022.Consortia’s size and ability to access and share resources among their member organisations according to need meant they were uniquely placed to target actions to address weaknesses in member organisations’ research capacity, to widen networks and collaborations, and to build in sustainability of capacity gains. Consortia’s actions covered: (a) individuals’ knowledge and skills; (b) capacity strengthening ethos; (c) organisations’ visibility and prestige; and (d) inclusive and responsive management practices. Evidence about these actions formed the basis of recommendations for funders and leaders of consortium-based programmes about how they could make more effective use of consortia’s resources to enhance organisations’ research systems, environments and cultures.Key lessons were that training should cover management and research leadership and should be offered beyond consortium members, including to research support staff such as technicians and managers. Consortia often tackle complex problems requiring multidisciplinary inputs, but overcoming disciplinary boundaries—and making everyone feel valued and respected—takes time and skill on the part of consortium leaders. Consortia need clear guidance from funders about their commitment to strengthening research capacity. Without this, consortia leaders may continue to prioritise research outputs over creating and embedding sustainable improvements in their organisations’ research systems.
Clinical features and 1-year outcomes of chronic bronchitis in participants with normal spirometry: results from the ECOPD study in China
Authors: Wu Fan , Zheng Youlan , Zhao Ningning , Peng Jieqi , Deng Zhishan , Yang Huajing , Tian Heshen , Xiao Shan , Wen Xiang , Huang Peiyu , Dai Cuiqiong , Lu Lifei , Zhou Kunning , Wu Xiaohui , Fan Huanhuan , Li Haiqing , Sun Ruiting , Yang Changli , Chen Shengtang , Huang Jianhui , Yu Shuqing , Zhou Yumin , Ran Pixin 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundEvidence regarding clinical features and outcomes of individuals with non-obstructive chronic bronchitis (NOCB) remains scarce, especially in never-smokers. We aimed to investigate the clinical features and 1-year outcomes of individuals with NOCB in the Chinese population.MethodsWe obtained data on participants in the Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Study who had normal spirometry (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ≥0.70). NOCB was defined as chronic cough and sputum production for at least 3 months for two consecutive years or more at baseline in participants with normal spirometry. We assessed the differences in demographics, risk factors, lung function, impulse oscillometry, CT imaging and frequency of acute respiratory events between participants with and without NOCB.ResultsNOCB was present in 13.1% (149/1140) of participants with normal spirometry at baseline. Compared with participants without NOCB, those with NOCB had a higher proportion of men and participants with smoke exposure, occupational exposure, family history of respiratory diseases and worse respiratory symptoms (all p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in lung function. Never-smokers with NOCB had higher rates of emphysema than those without NOCB, but airway resistance was similar. Ever-smokers with NOCB had greater airway resistance than those without NOCB, but emphysema rates were similar. During 1-year follow-up, participants with NOCB had a significantly increased risk of acute respiratory events compared with participants who did not have NOCB, after adjustment for confounders (risk ratio 2.10, 95% CI 1.32 to 3.33; p=0.002). These results were robust in never-smokers and ever-smokers.ConclusionsNever-smokers and ever-smokers with NOCB had more chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related risk factors, evidence of airway disease and greater risk of acute respiratory events than those without NOCB. Our findings support expanding the criteria defining pre-COPD to include NOCB.
Inter-relationships among neutrophilic inflammation, air trapping and future exacerbation in COPD: an analysis of ECOPD study
Authors: Yang Huajing , Wen Xiang , Wu Fan , Zheng Youlan , Dai Cuiqiong , Zhao Ningning , Deng Zhishan , Wang Zihui , Peng Jieqi , Xiao Shan , Lu Lifei , Huang Jianhui , Yu Shuqing , Yang Changli , Chen Shengtang , Zhou Yumin , Ran Pixin 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe inter-relationships among neutrophilic airway inflammation, air trapping and future exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between sputum neutrophil proportions and future exacerbation in COPD and to determine whether these associations are modified by significant air trapping.MethodsParticipants with completed data were included and followed up to the first year in the Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease study (n=582). Sputum neutrophil proportions and high-resolution CT-related markers were measured at baseline. Sputum neutrophil proportions were dichotomised based on their median (86.2%) to low and high levels. In addition, subjects were divided into the air trapping or non-air trapping group. Outcomes of interest included COPD exacerbation (separately any, severe and frequent exacerbation, occurring in the first year of follow-up). Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine the risk of severe exacerbation and frequent exacerbation with either neutrophilic airway inflammation groups or air trapping groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference between high and low levels of sputum neutrophil proportions in the exacerbation in the preceding year. After the first year of follow-up, subjects with high sputum neutrophil proportions had increased risks of severe exacerbation (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.62, p=0.020). Subjects with high sputum neutrophil proportions and significant air trapping had increased odds of having frequent exacerbation (OR=3.29, 95% CI: 1.30 to 9.37, p=0.017) and having severe exacerbation (OR=2.72, 95% CI: 1.42 to 5.43, p=0.003) when compared with those who had low sputum neutrophil proportions and non-air trapping.ConclusionsWe found that subjects with high sputum neutrophil proportions and significant air trapping are prone to future exacerbation of COPD. It may be a helpful predictor of future exacerbation.
Understanding the risk of transmission of respiratory viral infections in childcare centres: protocol for the DISeases TrANsmission in ChildcarE (DISTANCE) multicentre cohort study
Authors: Shi Chao , Wang Xin , Ye Sheng , Deng Shuyu , Cong Bingbing , Lu Bing , Li You 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionChildcare centre is considered a high-risk setting for transmission of respiratory viruses. Further evidence is needed to understand the risk of transmission in childcare centres. To this end, we established the DISeases TrANsmission in ChildcarE (DISTANCE) study to understand the interaction among contact patterns, detection of respiratory viruses from environment samples and transmission of viral infections in childcare centres.Methods and analysisThe DISTANCE study is a prospective cohort study in multiple childcare centres of Jiangsu Province, China. Study subjects will be childcare attendees and teaching staff of different grades. A range of information will be collected from the study subjects and participating childcare centres, including attendance, contact behaviours (collected by onsite observers), respiratory viral infection (weekly respiratory throat swabs tested by multiplex PCR), presence of respiratory viruses on touch surfaces of childcare centres and weekly follow-up survey on respiratory symptoms and healthcare seeking among subjects tested positive for any respiratory viruses. Detection patterns of respiratory viruses from study subjects and environment samples, contact patterns, and transmission risk will be analysed by developing statistical and mathematical models as appropriate. The study has been initiated in September 2022 in 1 childcare centre in Wuxi City, with a total of 104 children and 12 teaching staff included in the cohort; data collection and follow-up is ongoing. One more childcare centre in Nanjing City (anticipated to include 100 children and 10 teaching staff) will start recruitment in 2023.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethics approval from Nanjing Medical University Ethics Committee (No. 2022-936) and ethics approval from Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention Ethics Committee (No. 2022-011). We plan to disseminate the study findings mainly through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations in academic conferences. Aggregated research data will be shared freely to researchers.
Association between long working hours and physical inactivity in middle-aged and older adults: a Korean longitudinal study (2006–2020)
Authors: Baek Seong-Uk , Lee Won-Tae , Kim Min-Seok , Lim Myeong-Hun , Yoon Jin-Ha , Won Jong-Uk 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundWe investigated associations for long working hours in relation to physical inactivity and high-level physical activity among middle-aged and older adults.MethodsOur study included 5402 participants and 21 595 observations from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2006–2020). Logistic mixed models were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs. Physical inactivity was defined as not engaging in any type of physical activity, while high-level physical activity was defined as engaging in ≥150 min per week of physical activity.ResultsWorking >40 hours weekly was positively related to physical inactivity (OR (95% CI) 1.48 (1.35 to 1.61)) and negatively related to high-level physical activity (0.72 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.79)). Exposure to long working hours consecutively for ≥3 waves was associated with the highest OR for physical inactivity (1.62 (95% CI 1.42 to 1.85)) and the lowest OR for high-level physical activity (0.71 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.82)). Furthermore, compared with persistent short working hours (≤40 hours → ≤40 hours), long working hours in a previous wave (>40 hours → ≤40 hours) were associated with a higher OR of physical inactivity (1.28 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.49)). Exposure to an increase in working hours (≤40 hours → >40 hours) was also associated with a higher OR of physical inactivity (1.53 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.82)).ConclusionWe found that having working long hours was associated with a higher risk of physical inactivity and a lower likelihood of high-level physical activity. Moreover, accumulation of long working hours was associated with a higher risk of physical inactivity.
Intraoperative angiography via popliteal artery access for spinal neurovascular lesions: an institutional experience and systematic review
Authors: Muhammad Najib , Sioutas Georgios S , Gajjar Avi , Salem Mohamed M , Kandregula Sandeep , Srinivasan Visish M , Jankowitz Brian T , Burkhardt Jan-Karl 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundIntraoperative DSA is used to confirm complete obliteration of neurovascular pathologies. For spinal neurovascular lesions, femoral access can be challenging given the need to flip the patient after sheath placement. Similarly, radial access can be complicated by arch navigation difficulties. Vascular access via the popliteal artery represents an appealing alternative option; however, data regarding its utility and efficacy in these cases are limited.MethodsA retrospective series of four consecutive patients between July 2016 and August 2022 who underwent intraoperative spinal DSA via the popliteal artery was analyzed. Additionally, a systematic review was conducted to collect previously reported such cases. Collective patient demographics and operative details are presented to consolidate the available evidence supporting popliteal access.ResultsFour patients met the inclusion criteria from our institution. The systematic review yielded six previously published studies reporting 16 additional transpopliteal access cases. Of the 20 total cases (mean±SD age 60.8±17.2 years), 60% were men. Most treated lesions were dural arteriovenous fistulas (80%) located in the thoracic spine (55%) or cervical spine (25%). The left popliteal artery was most accessed and the highest visualized level was the craniocervical junction. All outcomes were either stable or improving after surgery, and no complications were observed.ConclusionsWe report the safety and feasibility of transpopliteal access for intraoperative DSA in the prone position in four cases in addition to 16 previously reported cases in the literature. Our case series highlights popliteal artery access as an alternative to transfemoral or transradial access in this setting.
Step forward in early recognition of systemic sclerosis: data from the Leiden CCISS cohort
Authors: Liem Sophie I E , Ciaffi Jacopo , van Leeuwen Nina Marijn , Boonstra Maaike , Ahmed Saad , Beaart-van de Voorde Liesbeth J J , Corsel Anja , Dhondai Talitha , Ninaber Maarten K , Geelhoed-Veltman J J Miranda , Heuvers Marlies E , Tushuizen Maarten E , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Kiès Philippine , Schouffoer Anne A , Huizinga Tom W J , Allaart Cornelia F , De Vries-Bouwstra Jeska 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundSince 2009, Dutch patients with a confirmed diagnosis/suspicion of systemic sclerosis (SSc) can be referred to the Leiden Combined Care in Systemic Sclerosis (CCISS) cohort. This study evaluated whether early recognition of SSc has improved over time and whether disease characteristics and survival has changed over time.Methods643 SSc patients fulfilling American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology 2013 SSc criteria were included and categorised into three groups based on cohort-entry year: (1) 2010–2013 (n=229 (36%)), (2) 2014–2017 (n=207 (32%)) and (3) 2018–2021 (n=207 (32%)). Variables including disease duration, interstitial lung disease (ILD), digital ulcers (DU), diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), antitopoisomerase (ATA) and anticentromere (ACA) antibodies, and survival from disease onset were compared between cohort-entry groups, including analyses stratified for sex and autoantibodies.ResultsOver time, duration between onset of disease symptoms and cohort entry decreased in males and females, but was always longer in females than in males.The proportion of patients presenting with DU decreased, especially in ACA+SSc patients. Almost no ACA+ patients presented with ILD, while in ATA+ patients this proportion was 25% in 2010–2013 and decreased to 19% in 2018–2021. A reduction in patients presenting with clinically meaningful ILD and dcSSc was observed.Overall 8-year survival for males was 59% (95% CI 40% to 73%) and for females 89% (95% CI 82% to 93%). Eight-year survival showed a trend for improvement over time, and was always worse in males.ConclusionWe observed a decrease in disease duration in Leiden CCISS cohort at cohort entry, possibly indicating more timely diagnosis of SSc. This could provide opportunities for early interventions. While symptom duration at presentation is longer in females, mortality is consistently higher in males, underlining the urge for sex-specific treatment and follow-up.
The DNA Damage Response and Inflammation in Cancer
Authors: Klapp Vanessa , Álvarez-Abril Beatriz , Leuzzi Giuseppe , Kroemer Guido , Ciccia Alberto , Galluzzi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Genomic stability in normal cells is crucial to avoid oncogenesis. Accordingly, multiple components of the DNA damage response (DDR) operate as bona fide tumor suppressor proteins by preserving genomic stability, eliciting the demise of cells with unrepairable DNA lesions, and engaging cell-extrinsic oncosuppression via immunosurveillance. That said, DDR sig­naling can also favor tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Indeed, DDR signaling in cancer cells has been consistently linked to the inhibition of tumor-targeting immune responses. Here, we discuss the complex interactions between the DDR and inflammation in the context of oncogenesis, tumor progression, and response to therapy.

Significance:
Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that DDR is intimately connected to the emission of immunomodulatory signals by normal and malignant cells, as part of a cell-extrinsic program to preserve organismal homeostasis. DDR-driven inflammation, however, can have diametrically opposed effects on tumor-targeting immunity. Understanding the links between the DDR and inflammation in normal and malignant cells may unlock novel immunotherapeutic paradigms to treat cancer.