bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermentation of Formulated Feed using Bacillus subtilis TS2b for Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Feed
Authors: Mulyasari  , Samsudin Reza , Subaryono  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a freshwater fishery product that requires further development. However, the high cost of commercial feed is one of the challenges in growing giant prawns. One approach to addressing this issue is to use local feedstuff as an alternative feed ingredient. The main obstacle to using local feedstuff is the limitation (anti-nutrition, crude fiber, etc.) that fermentation technology can overcome. The goal of this study was to create an efficient feed for giant prawns by fermenting formulated feed (which contains local feedstuff) using B. subtilis TS2b. Three treatments with three repetitions were used in this study with the following treatments: Treatment A consisted of commercial feed (as a positive control), Treatment B consisted of formulated feed (negative control), and Treatment C is a formulated feed that was fermented using Bacillus subtilis TS2b. The giant freshwater prawns used were 0.47±0.02g in weight and were randomly stocked into 9 aquarium units (60 × 50 × 45 cm) with a stocking density of 20 individuals/aquarium. Giant freshwater prawns were fed three times a day for 51 days of the rearing period. Absolute and relative weight growth, specific growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion, protein, and fat retention were all measured. The results showed that absolute growth for all treatments were : 1,41±0,22g (A), 1,37±1,37g (B), 1,51±0,04g (C), feed conversion were 1,82% (A), 1,83%(B), 1,66%(C) and survival rate were: 72±2,5%(A), 88±4,7%(B) and 87±2,4%(C).
The use of cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal as protein source for snakehead fish (Channa striata)
Authors: Prachom N , Suharman I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The potency of the cricket meal (CM) as fish meal (FM) alternative in diets for snakehead (Channa striata) (initial average weight 15.0 g) was evaluated for eight weeks. Two isoproteic (42%) and isolipidic (10%) diets were formulated to contain FM and CM as source of protein. Experimental diets were given to the tested fish two times in a day at 08:00 and 16:00 hours until satiation in the semi-recirculating system with the water temperatures ranging from 28−29°C and the dissolved oxygen levels ranging from 8.0−9.0 mg/L. Fish were sampled at the end of the research to determine their proximate composition, growth and feed utilization. The results showed that no adverse effect of CM on growth, feed intake and survival rate of fish (P < 0.05). A group of fish fed with CM at 45% showed better in the weight gain (WG) (43.4 g/fish), FCR (1.35), and ANPU (31.0 %) than a CD (P> 0.05). It was concluded that the CM could be used in diet of C. striata with no deleterious effects on growth and feed performance. Moreover, improvement on WG, FCR and ANPU of C. striata fed with CM was observed in this study.
Detection of Coastline Changing by Using Remote Sensing Imagery (Case Study in Talawi District, Tanjung Tiram District, Lima Puluh Pesisir District Batu Bara Regency)
Authors: Rumondang  , Feliatra F , Warningsih T , Yoswati D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The high pressure in utilizing coastal areas and oceans causes in coastal damage. The coastline is the confluence of land areas and sea areas, where the existence of the line and the position of the coastline can change and undergo changes over time, and the position of the existence of the line is not fixed. The purpose of this study is to find out the changes in the coastline of the Coal District, Talawi District, Tanjung Tiram District and Lima Puluh Pesisir District in 2017-2022. The data analysis technique was used in this study is quantitative descriptive analysis. The data processing includes: Data Acquisition using Satellite Imagery (Raster) data. The data is used by satellite imagery was selected based on 2017 until 2022 coverage representatives, the lowest percentage of cloud cover in the study area. Supporting Spatial Data (vectors). The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) is a plug in for esri ArcGIS 10.4 - 10.6 desktops to calculate historical coastline change rate statistics. Based on the results of coastline delianiation, it can be seen that the length of coastal gasis in 2017 in The Lima Puluh Pesisir District is 10.48 Km, in 2022 there was a decrease to 10.42 Km while based on RBI data on a scale of 1:50,000 in the 2014 update year was 17.37 Km. The length of the coastline of Tanjung Tiram District in 2017 was 24.31 Km, there was a decrease in 2022 to 23.44 Km and based on RBI data of 16.90 Km.The Talawi District has the length of the coastline was 3.16 Km in 2017, there is an increase in 2022 to 3.22 Km while the coastline on the RBI map was 3.23 Kilometers in length.
Antioxidant, Toxicity and Secondary Metabolites Contents of Ethylacetate Fraction from Soft Coral Lobophytum Sp. Growing in South East Sulawesi
Authors: Sahidin I , Fristiohady A , Sadarun B , Rahmatika N S , Yodha A W M , Masrika N U E , Sundowo A , Fajriah S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Soft coral Lobophytum sp is widely distributed in the waters of South East Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, no research data on the chemical and medicinal aspects of this genus from this region have been published. Therefore, this article aims to describe the findings of those aspects of Lobophytum sp. from this region. Ethyl acetate was used to extract the sample, and Vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) was used to fractionate the ethyl acetate extract. The DPPH radicals and ABTS methods were used to assess antioxidant potency, the BSLT method was used to evaluate toxicity, and the Phytochemical test and LCMSMS method were used to determine the chemical composition. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract was produced in seven fractions namely Fraction A-G. The weight of each extract was A (12.8% w/w), B (9.7%), C (10.1%), D (2.0%), E (7.0%), F (25, 3%) and G (11.5%). Further studies were carried out on the fraction F which was the fraction with the highest weight. Based on the level of antioxidant power proposed by Blois, the antioxidant potential of fraction F is a strong category with an IC50 value (μg/mL) 99.13 (DPPH) and 79.30 (ABTS). Fraction F is also not toxic with LC50 198.21 μg/mL. Those activities were supported by the qualitative phytochemical screening that exhibited the extract contains phenolic compounds. LCMSMS data indicated that fraction F of ethyl acetate extract contains fragransol D, lirioresinol A, neociwujiaphenol, phillygenin, pluviatelol, saurufuran B, β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin and some unidentified compounds with molecular formulas C21H26O8, C23H26O8, C19H24O6.
Biopigments (Phycoerythrin, Fucoxanthin and Siphonaxanthin) from Seaweeds and Their Potential Applications as Ingredients in Cosmeceutical Industries: A Review
Authors: Noviendri D , Hasrini R F , Subaryono  , Marraskuranto E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Green seaweed, red seaweed, and brown seaweed are the three main kinds of seaweeds, which are also categorized as macroalgae. The color represents chemical compounds known as photosynthetic pigments (biopigments) including carotenoids, chlorophylls, and phycobiliproteins. This review is focused on three biopigments, such as phycoerythrin (PE), fucoxanthin (FX), siphonaxanthin (SX), and their potential application as ingredients in cosmeceuticals industries. PE is a form of a marine bioactive protein called phycobiliprotein, which is primarily present in red seaweed, such as Halymenia sp., Euchema sp., Gelidium pusillum, Gracilaria verrucose, etc. The main xanthophyll carotenoid found in brown seaweed, such as Padina australis, Sargassum horneri, Undaria pinnativida, etc., is FX. Following that, SX is a rare xanthophyll carotenoid that is prevalent in green seaweed, including Codium fragile, Halimeda sp., etc. An epoxide and a bond of allenic are both present in the structure of FX, whereas these moieties are absent in the SPX structure. Generally, there are two main techniques to extract these biopigments: the conventional method (liquid solvent extraction), and the non-conventional. Furthermore, due to their antioxidant, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, etc. activities, PE, FX, and SX demonstrated strong potential as cosmetic activities. These biopigments are being explored as possible components for cutting-edge cosmeceuticals. There is still a need for additional research to assess the safety, effectiveness, and actual possible alternatives of using biopigments from seaweeds in the cosmeceutical business, despite the challenges of developing environmentally safer extraction techniques.
Evaluation of Body Scrub from Boergesenia forbesii and Kaempferia galanga
Authors: Yanuarti R , Nurfitriyana  , Pratama G , Kurniawan I D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The use of cosmetics at this time prioritizes natural ingredients over synthetic materials. The materials that are often used and become potential are green seaweed and rhizomes. Boergesenia forbesii and Kaempferia galanga are two natural ingredients with bioactive content that is good for human skin. The combination of these two natural materials has never been studied. This study aims to evaluate the best formulation of body scrub preparations from these two natural ingredients. In this study, the ratio of B. forbesii and K. galanga was 1:1 (cream R1), 1:2 (cream R2), 2:1 (cream R3), and control (no added natural ingredients) (cream R0). The cream preparations were evaluated by viscosity, emulsion type, stability (emulsion), skin moisture, and irritation test. Viscosity values in cream preparations ranged from 22,500 cPs to 34,600 cPs. All the treatment belongs to the type of water soluble oil (O/W). Cream R3 was the best for the stability of emulsion (88.89%). The skin moisture parameter for R0, R1, R2, and R3 were 40.44%, 52.75%, 54.34%, and 57.55%, respectively. Based on the results of the irritation test on the skin (for all treatments), there were no volunteers who experienced signs of irritation such as rash, itching, and edema. So, the best formulation was cream R3, based on the evaluation of all parameters.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Edible Film Incorporated with Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized using Rhizophora mucronata Extract
Authors: Nurdiani R , Prihanto A A , Firdaus M , Jashinta R B , Fadhlurrohman M F , Salsabila S , Athariq F , Huda N , Talib R A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Edible film is an alternative packaging material to replace plastic. Protecting the product from oxidation processes and microbiological activities is one of its functions. One of the biopolymers used for the base of the edible film is fish gelatine from Pangasius sp. skin. Silver nanoparticles from Rhizophora mucronata were added to increase the edible film’s antioxidant and antibacterial ability. This study aims to determine the effect of silver nanoparticles from Rhizophora mucronata on the edible film‘s antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The method used in the research was the experimental method with five treatments of silver nanoparticles from Rhizophora mucronata concentration (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%). A statistical approach used was Simplex Lattice Design. Antioxidants and antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. Staphylococcus aureus) of edible films were analysed. The results showed that the different concentrations of silver nanoparticles from Rhizophora mucronata significantly affected edible films’ antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activities of enriched edible film ranged from 41,085% to 66,815%. Weak antibacterial activities of the edible film were recorded for three bacteria species: Salmonella sp. 0.07mm-0.26mm; Escherichia coli 0.215mm-0.575mm; Staphylococcus aureus 0.33mm-0.44mm. The optimum concentration of silver nanoparticles from Rhizophora mucronata was 5.96%.
Utilization of Biang Fish (Ilisha elongata) as Raw Material for Flavoring Powder
Authors: Sumarto  , Suparmi  , Hidayati A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The prickly fish is a marine fish with a flat body, many fine spines, a flavorful texture, and a delicious and savory taste. This study aims to analyze several formulations of fish meat to determine the chemical composition of the fish-based flavoring powder and other composite materials. The processing ingredients for the flavoring powder are fish meal (60-80%), onion flour, garlic flour, salt, sugar, white pepper powder, and turmeric powder. The research approach includes the manufacture of fish seasoning flavoring powder with various treatments, including control treatment (without fish, F0), the use of 60% prickly fish powder (F1), 70% prickly fish powder (F2), and 80% prickly fish powder (F3). The best results showed that the formulation was 70% fish meal with 35g shallot flour, 25g garlic flour, 30g salt, 6g sugar, 2g white pepper powder, and 2g turmeric powder. Characteristics of the quality of the product of the fish-based flavoring powder have a moisture of 3.61%, protein content of 38.49%, a fat of 3.75%, an ash content of 20.72%, a carbohydrates content of 33.43%, a salt content (NaCl) of 31.43%. This research shows that prickly fish has a high potential to be used as a natural flavoring product as a substitute for MSG in food products.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite of Cockle Shells (Anadara granosa) Originated from Indonesia Through Precipitation Method
Authors: Sinurat E , Dewi F R , Fransiska D , Nurbayasari R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The precipitation method successfully synthesized cockle shells into a highly valuable biomaterial in the present investigation. The present work aimed to determine the effect of the technical approach; (1) calcination temperatures of calcium oxide preparation and (2) sintering time of HA synthesis. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis revealed that the cockle shells were calcined at 600 – 1000 °C for 3 hours and had a fine CaO powder. Thus, those sintering temperature is used as the starting point for the calcination of cockle shells. The calcinated CaO powder was then analyzed. The analysis conducted includes yield, functional group analysis using FT-IR, morphological analysis using SEM, and analysis of the composition of Carbon (C), Calcium (Ca), Oxygen (O), and Phosphor (P). Furthermore, hydroxyapatite synthesis (HA) was done with three different sintering times (2, 4, and 6 hours) at 800 °C. The characterized HA was functional group morphology, major elemental in the apatite constituents, and the crystallinity degree. Obtained the optimum temperature result for calcinated at a temperature of 800 °C. The results of HA synthesis obtained by HA quality have approached commercial HA products judging from the composition of Ca, O, and P, but the quality still includes type B of commercial HA. The HA particles obtained are micro-sized, which is 304 nm at a temperature sintering of 800 °C for 4 hours. The micro-sized allows a by-product of cockle shells as raw material HA to be applied as a futuristic biomaterial in bone/teeth implants.
Nutritional characteristics of sea urchin (Diadema setosum) in Bungus, West Sumatera Province
Authors: Karnila R , Iriani D , Shaarani S Md , Yunus A A , Salma R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sea urchin is a food that has high nutrition for consumption and sale. Utilization of the gonad Diadema setosum as a food ingredient because it has high nutritional value, such as food additives, fermented products, and body health. Sea urchin gonad components consist of amino acids that are beneficial in various fields of health, especially in increasing the immune system. This study aims to obtain the value of the proportion and chemical composition of sea urchins gonad. The research method consisted of two stages, namely: 1) Preparation of sea urchin gonadal flour and 2) Proximate analysis of sea urchins gonad. Parameters observed consisted of morphology, proportion of sea urchins, and proximate sea urchins. The results showed that 7 cm diameter sea urchins had a proportion value of 11.11% shell and 4.44% gonad. The chemical composition of sea urchins gonad is moisture content 74.54%, ash content 17.44% (db), protein content 58.96% (db), fat content 20.31% (db), and carbohydrates 3.30% (db).
Length frequency distribution, growth, and condition factor of the endemic cyprinid fish Poropuntius tawarensis, in Lake Laut Tawar, Central Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Fahma F , Sulistiono S , Kamal M M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Poropuntius tawarensis fish is an endemic fish of the family Cyprinidae found in Laut Tawar Lake, and has been listed on the Red List. This study aims to reveal the frequency of length distribution, growth patterns and condition factors of the fish in the lake as basic information for conservation. The study was conducted from January to May 2022 in the Laut Tawar Lake of Central Aceh. Sampling was conducted at four sampling sites based on representative activities on the lake. The location of the study was determined based on differences in environmental characteristics, namely Station 1 (Teluk One-One), Station 2 (Bewang), Station 3 (Gegarang) and Station 4 (Kebayakan). The results showed that the fish at Bewang Station was relatively higher in terms of the frequency of the length distribution. The growth pattern of male and female fish was negative allometric (b<3).The condition factor of the three stations was relatively the same ranging from 0.94 to 1.39, but it was different from the one-one station with a condition factor of 0.01.The value of the condition factor that can be obtained had insignificant differences every month, namely 1.12±0.38 (January), 1.00±0.49 (February), 0.93±0.55 (March), 0.85±0.59 (April), and 1.17±0.32 (May).
Morphometric Surface Dimension Analysis of Three Different Oxbow Lakes in Lubuk Siam Village
Authors: Fauzi M , Hendrizal A , Amin B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Oxbow lake is usually formed in a meandering river. Lubuk Siam village is one of the places passed by the Kampar River, which has a meander shape. In this study, there are three oxbow lakes to be studied: Lubuk Siam, Selat Panjang, and Putus. Morphometric Surface Dimension data was collected by using geographical information system (GIS). It was then analyzed using GIS data processing software. The results showed that Lake Putus has the most significant area compared to the other two lakes adjacent to each other. The size of Lake Putus is 22.99 Ha. The results showed that three of these lakes’ shoreline development index (SDI) value is less than 1. This SDI value shows that the shape of the lake is regular. The lake’s regular shape indicates the lake’s low productivity as a result of a low number of nutrient inputs.
Observing Mollusca Benthic Diversity to Measure the Success of the Implementation of Mulung Culture as an Effort to Conserve Aquatics in the Waters of Lapang-Batang Island, Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara.
Authors: Plaimo P E , Wabang I L , Dollu E A , Hendrizal A , Alelang I F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mulung culture from an ecological perspective is to allows the environment to recover, traditionally. Mulung is a customary process, related to the closure of water areas for the extraction of aquatic resources. The impact of the implementation of the Mulung cultural tradition, the population of resources increases. This study aims to determine the benthic mollusk community in the Mulung area to measure the success rate of Mulung implementation. This information is needed as a starting point for sustainable fisheries development. This research uses the quadratic transect method and free collection. Then, the community structure was calculated using the diversity index, species evenness, species richness, and species density value, then continued by observing the quantitative similarity between locations calculated by the similarity index. The results showed that the species composition of benthic mollusks found in the Mulung area was 32 species, with a total of 261 individuals. The benthic mollusks that lived in the Mulung area had a Diversity Index (H’) value of 3.12 high category, Richness Index Value (R) of 5.75 is classified as high, the value of the evenness index of species (E) is 0.90, the evenness level of benthic mollusks is high and stable, the value of the dominance index (C) is 0.1, in the category no species dominates. The highest relative abundance of benthic Mollusca species overall with a value of 46.15% was owned by Ornopsis glanni species and the lowest relative abundance was Cypraea moneta, 6.90% value, the highest species density value with a value of 2.53 ind/m2, namely Ornopsis glanni and the lowest species density value is Diodora mississipppiensis, the value is 0.12 ind/m2. Meanwhile, the overall density of benthic Mollusca species obtained during the study was 17.40 ind/m2.
The impact of mining activities on sediment quality in the seafloor around Southeast of Sulawesi
Authors: Helfinalis  , Edward  , Rugebregt M J , Budiyanto F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Research of heavy metals content in sediments was carried out in April 2006 on the bottom sea of Buton, Kabaena, and Muna islands. This study was aimed to determine the content of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and to predict the quality of the sediments by employing indices analysis. Sediment samples were taken using a grab at 8 stations. Heavy metal content was analyzed using AAS. Three indices are exercised to analyze the metal content in the sediment, that are contamination factors, geoaccumulation index, and pollution load index. The computation of contamination factors showed an average value of less than 1, namely Pb= 0.236, Cd= 0.269, Cu= 0.048, Zn= 0.346, and Ni= 0.986. Meanwhile, the geoaccumulation index values were less than 1, the value for Pb= -3.836, Cd= -2.878, Cu= - 5.061, Zn= -2.430, and Ni= -1.002. The pollution load index value is 0.201. These values which were less than 1 implied low level of pollution in the area. Thus, according to the analysis, the sediments in these three waters are still natural and not polluted.
Occurrence of organochlorine residues in surface water and mussel Corbicula sumatrana from Lake Singkarak, West Sumatera
Authors: Ibrahim A , Syawal M S , Ardiwinata A N , Supriyono E , Taufik I , Yoga G P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Organochlorine is a synthetic pesticide that has been banned in many countries because of its high persistence in the environment and can accumulate in animals. The goal of our study was to determine the level of organochlorine residues in surface water and in the mussel Corbicula sumatrana of Lake Singkarak. Water and mussel samples were collected from 10 sampling sites of Lake Singkarak, Batu Taba, Sumpur, Guguk Malalo, Ombilin, Tikalak, Sumani, Saniang Baka, Muaro Pingai, Paninggahan, and Tanjung Mutuih, respectively in June 2021. Water and mussel samples were extracted and analyzed with gas chromatography. The result of our study revealed the occurrence of Lindan (7 μg/L) in the surface water of Tikalak, and also Aldrin (3 μg/L) in the surface water of Tikalak, Sumani, and Ombilin. Organochlorine residue compounds were also detected in mussels of five sampling sites (Tikalak, Sumani, Muaro Pingai, Paninggahan, and Tanjung Mutuih). Mussels of Tikalak contain compounds namely Dieldrin, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and Endosulfan with levels of 2 μg/kg, 6 μg/kg, and 3 μg/kg, respectively. Dieldrin was also detected at Sumani (2 μg/kg), Muaro Pingai (4 μg/kg), and Paninggahan (10 μg/kg). DDT was also detected at Tanjung Mutuih at a level of 3 μg/kg. Other compounds such as Heptachlor and Endrin were not detected both in surface water and in mussel from all sampling sites studied. The results indicate that organochlorine residue can still be found in the environment, with its level in mussels being higher than in surface water.