bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perturbed reactivity descriptors in the two parabolas model of fractional electron number
Authors: Pantoja-Hernández Maurizio A. , Franco-Pérez Marco , Miranda-Quintana Ramón Alain , Gázquez José L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A new procedure based on the two parabolas model of the energy and the electronic density for fractional electron number is used with the assumption that the changes to the isolated values of these two quantities due to the presence of another interacting species can be incorporated through a multiplicative constant in the second order term. The expressions thus obtained for the chemical potential, hardness, Fukui function and dual descriptor reactivity indexes of conceptual density functional theory have the same form of those obtained through a first order perturbation approach within the grand canonical ensemble. The perturbation parameters are then evaluated by imposing the chemical potential and hardness equalization principles for the interaction between species A and B to form AB, and it is applied to show for a group of substituted ethenes that the condensed to atom perturbed local chemical potential and local hardness evaluated at the carbon atom that follows the Markovnikov’s rule lead to better correlation with the activation energy of their reaction with HCl than the unperturbed descriptors. A similar situation is found for the correlation of the condensed to atom local chemical potential evaluated at N in the aniline molecules with the experimental p𝐾a values. The results obtained indicate that through the perturbed descriptors, that introduce information of the electronic structure on each species of the other one with which it interacts allow one to obtain an improved description of their chemical reactivity.
Evaluation of monochromatic excitation X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for rapid thallium detection in biological samples using animal models
Authors: Wu Shihao , Zhao Peng , Wang Aihua , Dong Linpei , Wu Xiaojun , Wang Jifen , Zhang Yunfeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Monochromatic excitation X-ray fluorescence (ME-XRF) spectrometry is a novel technique for trace element analysis, characterized by its simplicity, rapidity, and low cost. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of ME-XRF technique for the measurement of thallium in biological samples. Acute and subacute thallium poisoning experiments were conducted to simulate various scenarios, with blood, urine, and 10 distinct organs collected. Detection was initially performed using ME-XRF technique, followed by validation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Excellent agreement between ME-XRF and ICP-MS values was demonstrated by means of paired sample t-tests and intraclass correlation coefficients. Subsequently, the practical implementation of the proposed technique was demonstrated through an actual case study. In conclusion, this study validates ME-XRF as a suitable alternative to ICP-MS for the measurement of trace heavy metals in biological samples. These efforts promote the development of simpler and faster techniques for heavy metal detection, thereby presenting novel avenues for the prevention and diagnosis of heavy metal poisoning.
Structure-property relations in Pb-supersaturated metastable Sn-rich Pb-Sn alloys
Authors: Friák Martin , Čípek Pter , Pavlů Jana , Zobač Ondřej , Roupcová Pavla , Miháliková Ivana , Holec David , Msallamová Šárka , Michalcová Alena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We have performed a theoretical study of three different allotropes of Pb-supersaturated Sn-rich Pb-Sn alloys with the α-Sn, β-Sn and a simple hexagonal γ-Sn structure employing quantum-mechanical calculations. Structure-property relations were analyzed in the case of the lattice parameters, thermodynamic stability, elastic properties and mechanical stability as well as electronic-structure density of states. Compositional trends in structural, thermodynamic and electronic-structure properties were found nearly linear. Our theoretical study sheds new light on a decades-long controversy related to the γ-phase of supersaturated Sn-rich Pb-Sn alloys. We suggest that the experimental difficulties to synthesized the γ-phase solid solutions are due to the high formation energy of this phase.
Recent Developments in Coumarin Derivatives as Neuroprotective Agents
Authors: Mishra Prakash Shyambabu , Kumar Amit , Kaur Kamalpreet , Jaitak Vikas 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are among the diseases that cause the
foremost burden on the health system of the world. The diseases are multifaceted and difficult
to treat because of their complex pathophysiology, which includes protein aggregation, neurotransmitter
breakdown, metal dysregulation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity,
etc. None of the currently available therapies has been found to be significant in producing
desired responses without any major side effects; besides, they only give symptomatic relief
otherwise indicated off-episode relief. Targeting various pathways, namely choline esterase,
monoamine oxidase B, cannabinoid system, metal chelation, β-secretase, oxidative stress, etc.,
may lead to neurodegeneration. By substituting various functional moieties over the coumarin
nucleus, researchers are trying to produce safer and more effective neuroprotective agents.

Objectives:
This study aimed to review the current literature to produce compounds with lower side effects using coumarin as a pharmacophore.

Methods:
In this review, we have attempted to compile various synthetic strategies that have been used to produce coumarin and various substitutional strategies used to produce neuropro-tective agents from the coumarin pharmacophore. Moreover, structure-activity relationships of substituting coumarin scaffold at various positions, which could be instrumental in designing new compounds, were also discussed.

Results:
The literature review suggested that coumarins and their derivatives can act as neuro-protective agents following various mechanisms.

Conclusion:
Various studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective activity of coumarin due to an oxaheterocyclic loop, which allows binding with a broad array of proteins, thus motivat-ing researchers to explore its potential as a lead against various neurodegenerative diseases.
Recent Advances in the Electrocarboxylation of CO2 with Ketones, Aldehydes, and
Imines
Authors: Chen Bao-Li , Liu Qin-Zhou , Wang Huan , Lu Jia-Xing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is regarded as an ideal C1 building block for the synthesis of
value-added chemicals due to its low price, non-toxic, rich reserves, and recyclability. Organic
electrosynthesis, using electricity as the driving force to avoid the use of toxic or expensive
reducing agents, has become an efficient and environmentally friendly synthetic method and is
widely used in the chemical conversion of CO2. In particular, the electrocarboxylation reaction
of CO2 with a substrate containing a specific group, such as C=O and C=N, can be realized to
synthesize α-hydroxy acids, amino acids, and their derivatives under mild reaction conditions
by accurately adjusting the current or potential. In this review, we focus on the recent advances
in the electrocarboxylation of CO2 with unsaturated substrates (including ketones, aldehydes,
and imines) in the past five years, which we hope could stimulate further research on electrocarboxylation
of CO2 with ketones, aldehydes, and imines and provide a reference for the application of such reactions
in green organic electrosynthesis in the future.
Neuroprotective Strategies for Stroke by Natural Products: Advances and
Perspectives
Authors: Liu Aifen , Hu Jingyan , Yeh Tzu-Shao , Wang Chengniu , Tang Jilong , Huang Xiaohong , Chen Bin , Huangfu Liexiang , Yu Weili , Zhang Lei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a disease with high prevalence and incidence. Its management
focuses on rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy. Both
therapeutic strategies reduce disability, but the therapy time window is short, and the risk of bleeding
is high. Natural products (NPs) have played a key role in drug discovery, especially for cancer and infectious
diseases. However, they have made little progress in clinical translation and pose challenges
to the treatment of stroke. Recently, with the investigation of precise mechanisms in cerebral ischemic
stroke and the technological development of NP-based drug discovery, NPs are addressing these challenges
and opening up new opportunities in cerebral stroke. Thus, in this review, we first summarize
the structure and function of diverse NPs, including flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, lactones, quinones,
alkaloids, and glycosides. Then we propose the comprehensive neuroprotective mechanism of NPs in
cerebral ischemic stroke, which involves complex cascade processes of oxidative stress, mitochondrial
damage, apoptosis or ferroptosis-related cell death, inflammatory response, and disruption of the
blood-brain barrier (BBB). Overall, we stress the neuroprotective effect of NPs and their mechanism
on cerebral ischemic stroke for a better understanding of the advances and perspective in NPs application
that may provide a rationale for the development of innovative therapeutic regimens in ischemic
stroke.
The Role of Biosensors in Detection of SARS-CoV-2: State-of-the-Art and
Future Prospects
Authors: Roy Nimisha , Khadanga Abhipsha , Dhwaj Amar , Prabhakar Amit , Verma Deepti 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
The world is fighting a pandemic so grave that perhaps it has never been witnessed
before; COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-
2). As of August 31st, 2022, the WHO declared the total number of confirmed cases was
599,825,400, with 6,469,458 confirmed deaths from 223 countries under the scourge of this
deadly virus. The SARS-CoV-2 is a β-coronavirus, which is an enveloped non-segmented positive-
sense RNA virus. It is a close relative of the SARS and MERS viruses and has probably
entered humans through bats. Human-to-human transmission is very rapid. People in contact
with the patient or even the carriers became infected, leading to a widespread chain of contamination.
We are presenting a mini-review on the role of biosensors in detecting SARS-CoV-2.
Biosensors have been used for a very long time for viral detection and can be utilized for the
prompt detection of the novel coronavirus. This article aims to provide a mini-review on the
application of biosensors for the detection of the novel coronavirus with a focus on costeffective
paper-based sensors, nanobiosensors, Field effect transistors (FETs), and lab-on-chip
integrated platforms.

Background:
Biosensors have played a crucial role in viral detection for a long time.

Objective:
To present a comprehensive review of the biosensor application in SARS-Cov-2.

Method:
We have presented state-of-the-art work in the biosensors field for SARS-Cov-2 detection.

Results:
The biosensors presented here provide an innovative approach to detecting SARS-Cov-
2 infections early.

Conclusion:
Biosensors have tremendous potential in accurately detecting viral infections in
pandemics requiring rapid screening.
An Unstructured Supplementary Service Data System to Verify HIV Self-Testing Among Nigerian Youths: Mixed Methods Analysis of Usability and Feasibility
Authors: Oladele David Ayoola , Iwelunmor Juliet , Gbajabiamila Titilola , Obiezu-Umeh Chisom , Okwuzu Jane Ogoamaka , Nwaozuru Ucheoma , Musa Adesola Zaidat , Tahlil Kadija , Idigbe Ifeoma , Ong Jason , Tang Weiming , Tucker Joseph , Ezechi Oliver 
Published: July 2023

Background
Mobile health (mHealth) interventions among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are increasingly available in African low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). For example, the unstructured supplementary service data (USSD) could be used to verify HIV self-testing (HIVST) among AYAs with poor bandwidth.

Objective
The aim of this study is to describe the creation of an USSD platform and determine its feasibility and usability to promote the verification of HIVST results among AYAs in Nigeria.

Methods
We developed and evaluated a USSD platform to verify HIVST results using a user-centered approach. The USSD platform guided AYAs in performing HIVST, interpreting the result, and providing linkage to care after the test. Following the usability assessment, the USSD platform was piloted. We used a mixed methods study to assess the platform’s usability through a process of quantitative heuristic assessment, a qualitative think-aloud method, and an exit interview. Descriptive statistics of quantitative data and inductive thematic analysis of qualitative variables were organized.

Results
A total of 19 AYAs participated in the usability test, with a median age of 19 (IQR 16-23) years. There were 11 females, 8 males, and 0 nonbinary individuals. All individuals were out-of-school AYAs. Seven of the 10 Nielsen usability heuristics assessed yielded positive results. The participants found the USSD platform easy to use, preferred the simplicity of the system, felt no need for a major improvement in the design of the platform, and were happy the system provided linkage to care following the interpretation of the HIVST results. The pilot field test of the platform enrolled 164 out-of-school AYAs, mostly young girls and women (101, 61.6%). The mean age was 17.5 (SD 3.18) years, and 92.1% (151/164) of the participants reported that they were heterosexual, while 7.9% (13/164) reported that they were gay. All the participants in the pilot study were able to conduct HIVST, interpret their results, and use the linkage to care feature of the USSD platform without any challenge. A total of 7.9% (13/164) of the AYAs had positive HIV results (reactive to the OraQuick kit).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the usability and feasibility of using a USSD system as an alternative to mobile phone apps to verify HIVST results among Nigerian youth without smartphone access. Therefore, the use of a USSD platform has implications for the verification of HIVST in areas with low internet bandwidth. Further pragmatic trials are needed to scale up this approach.
Practices of Care in Participatory Design With Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Digitally Mediated Study
Authors: Paluch Richard , Cerna Katerina , Kirschsieper Dennis , Müller Claudia 
Published: July 2023

Background
Participatory Design (PD), albeit an established approach in User-Centered Design, comes with specific challenges when working with older adults as research participants. Addressing these challenges relates to the reflection and negotiation of the positionalities of the researchers and research participants and includes various acts of giving and receiving help. During the COVID-19 pandemic, facets of positionalities and (mutual) care became particularly evident in qualitative and participatory research settings.

Objective
The aim of this paper was to systematically analyze care practices of participatory (design) research, which are to different extents practices of the latter. Using a multiyear PD project with older people that had to take place remotely over many months, we specify different practices of care; how they relate to collaborative work in the design project; and represent foundational practices for sustainable, long-term co-design. Our research questions were “How can digitally-mediated PD work during COVID-19 and can we understand such digital PD as ‘care’?”

Methods
Our data comes from the Joint Programming Initiative “More Years, Better Lives” (JPI MYBL), a European Union project that aims to promote digital literacy and technology appropriation among older adults in domestic settings. It targeted the cocreation, by older adults and university researchers, of a mobile demo kit website with cocreated resources, aimed at improving the understanding of use options of digital tools. Through a series of workshops, a range of current IT products was explored by a group of 21 older adults, which served as the basis for joint cocreative work on generating design ideas and prototypes. We reflect on the PD process and examine how the actors enact and manifest care.

Results
The use of digital technology allowed the participatory project to continue during the COVID-19 pandemic and accentuated the digital skills of older adults and the improvement of digital literacy as part of “care.” We provide empirically based evidence of PD with older adults developing digital literacy and sensitizing concepts, based on the notion of care by Tronto for differentiating aspects and processes of care. The data suggest that it is not enough to focus solely on the technologies and how they are used; it is also necessary to focus on the social structures in which help is available and in which technologies offer opportunities to do care work.

Conclusions
We document that the cocreation of different digital media tools can be used to provide a community with mutual care. Our study demonstrates how research participants effectively enact different forms of care and how such “care” is a necessary basis for a genuinely participatory approach, which became especially meaningful as a form of support during COVID-19. We reflect on how notions of “care” and “caring” that were central to the pandemic response are also central to PD.
THE IMPACT OF SCAPULAR MOBILIZATION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ROM EXERCISES IN PATIENTS WITH ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS
Authors: KHANDELWAL PINKY , KHAN JAFAR , P. T. RENUKA , KHAN USMAN 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Adhesive capsulitis is a condition characterized by shoulder pain and limited motion. It primarily affects women and can be secondary or idiopathic. Risk factors include diabetes, rotator cuff impairment, and cardiovascular disease. Nevasier first identified the pathology and differentiated it from periarthritis.
Methods: Adhesive capsulitis has a prevalence of 2-5% in the general population of India, with the highest occurrence in the mid-50s. A study reported an annual incidence of shoulder pain of 14.7 per 1000 individuals and a lifetime prevalence of up to 70%. The exact cause of adhesive capsulitis is uncertain, but it is associated with systemic disorders and underlying conditions such as trauma, avascular necrosis, osteoarthritis, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and rheumatoid arthritis. Other clinical diseases, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and age between 40 and 65 are also linked to the condition.
Results: Our study provides showed in Group A, consisting of 9 males and 6 females, and Group B consisting of 8 males and 7 females. Overall, the study group comprised 17 males and 13 females. Additionally, the analysis of pre-test and post-test values of SPADI and VAS scores revealed significant improvements in Group A, with a significant decrease in SPADI scores from 70.0 to 41.73 (p = 0.037). However, the decrease in VAS scores from 5.8 to 3.2 was not statistically significant (p = 0.35). In Group B, although there were reductions in both SPADI and VAS scores, the changes were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Adhesive capsulitis is a common condition characterized by shoulder pain and limited motion. It primarily affects women and can be secondary or idiopathic. The exact cause is unknown, but it is associated with systemic disorders and underlying conditions. Diagnosis is clinical, with imaging used for additional information. Treatment includes oral NSAIDs, steroid injections, and physiotherapy. Scapular mobilization techniques may improve outcomes. Further research, such as randomized controlled trials, is needed to evaluate their effectiveness.
IMPACT OF GAZE STABILITY EXERCISES IN BALANCE TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: SONI SHRUTIKA , LOHAR DEEPAK , KHAN ZAFAR , VARSHNEY KRITIKA 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms and various non-physical symptoms. Balance impairments are common in individuals with PD and can increase the risk of falls. Gaze stability, the ability to maintain a stable gaze while the head is moving, is an important aspect of postural control and can contribute to balance impairments in PD.
Methods: The study conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with individuals diagnosed with PD. Two groups were formed: one receiving balance training with gaze stability exercises and the other receiving balance training without gaze stability exercises. Measurements were taken before and after the two-month intervention period.
Results: The gender distribution showed that there were 12 men and 18 women in Group A, and 17 men and 13 women in Group B. Within both groups, there were significant improvements in self-care, range of motion, postural instability, and falling values after the intervention.
Conclusion: Incorporating gaze stability exercises in balance training programs for individuals with PD can improve fall frequency, mobility, self-care skills, and balance. Gaze stability exercises are effective in addressing postural instability and enhancing balance and gait abilities. These findings suggest the potential benefits of incorporating gaze stability exercises in interventions to reduce fall risk and improve the quality of life for individuals with PD.
THE EXISTENCE OF CUSTOMARY LAND IN BALI AFTER THE APPOINTMENT OF CUSTOMARY VILLAGES AS SUBJECTS OF COMMUNAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OVER LAND
Authors: Narayana I Nyoman Yoga 
Published: July 2023

Customary land is land owned by indigenous peoples for generations since ancient times, in 2017 customary villages as a unit of indigenous peoples obtained property rights to land that provide legal certainty over customary land ownership but will also have an impact on the integrity of customary land in the future because property rights can be transferred and transferred to other parties. The purpose of this study is to be able to analyze strategies to maintain the Existence of Customary Land in BaliThis writing is normative legal research, namely research that examines the applicable positive legal norms, which are in the form of laws and regulations related to the existence of customary land in Bali after the appointment of customary villages as subjects of communal property rights to land, which focuses on land rights that are most appropriately owned by Customary Villages together with indigenous peoples, by using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The Property Rights were granted to the Indigenous Village.