bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy for inguinal lymph node staging in cN0 penile cancer
Authors: Gebruers Juanito , Elst Laura , Baldewijns Marcella , De Wever Liesbeth , Van Laere Koen , Albersen Maarten , Goffin Karolien 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Penile cancer is characterized by an early lymphatic dissemination. In intermediate and high-risk primary tumors without palpable inguinal lymph nodes, there is a 6–30% risk of micro-metastatic disease. Invasive lymph node staging in these patients is performed using dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy (DSNB). In this study, the role of DSNB in cN0 penile cancer was studied, evaluating features of sentinel lymph node (SN) visualization and outcome parameters. Patients with penile cancer without inguinal lymph node metastases who were referred for DSNB at our center between January 2015 and May 2021 and had a follow-up period of at least 18 months, were retrospectively included. After injection of 85 ± 20 MBq [99mTc]Tc-nanocolloid peritumorally, dynamic, static planar and SPECT/CT imaging was performed. Primary endpoints were sensitivity of the diagnostic procedure, disease-free survival and DSNB-related adverse events. Secondary endpoints were SN detection rate, number of SNs and the number of counts of the most active SN.

Results
Seventy-seven penile DSNB procedures in 75 patients (67 ± 11 years) were included. The detection rate of DSNB was 91% and 96% per procedure and groin, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were 79%, 100%, 97% and 100%, respectively. More SNs were seen on SPECT/CT than on static planar imaging (1.33 vs. 1.17, p = 0.001). The mean counts per SN on static planar imaging was lower compared to SPECT/CT (1343 vs. 5008; p < 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between the total counts of the SN on the static planar image and the SPECT/CT (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001). Only one out of seventy-five patients (1%) experienced DSNB-related adverse events. After 18 months, 58 patients remained disease free (77%), 13 developed local recurrence (17%), and 4 developed lymphatic or distant metastases (5%).

Conclusion
DNSB is a safe diagnostic procedure with a good detection rate and in particular high negative predictive value. It can therefore prevent overtreatment of patients with negative inguinal groins on clinical examination and DSNB examination. Finally, DSNB enables an early detection of occult metastases which would not be visualized with standardized imaging modalities.
The effect of manipulating glucuronic acid biosynthetic pathway in Bacillus subtilis strain on hyaluronic acid production
Authors: Afrasiabi Shadi , Zanjani Fatemeh Sadat Amjad , Ahmadian Gholamreza , Cohan Reza Ahangari , Keramati Malihe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA), composed of glucuronic acid (GlcUA) and N-acetyl glucoseamine (GlcNAc), is a versatile biopolymer with high commercial value and innumerous physiological roles and pharmaceutical applications. The hasA gene has main role in HA biosynthesis by Streptococcus strain as a natural producer. The hasB and hasC genes are also mediate GlcUA precursor biosynthesis. In the present study, S. equisimilis hasA gene; B. subtilis tuaD and gtaB genes for GlcUA precursors enhancement, and vgb gene coding bacterial hemoglobin as an oxygen provider were used to construct the B. subtilis strain for HA production. RBSHA (hasA), RBSHA2 (hasA/tuaD/gtaB), and RBSHA3 (hasA/tuaD/gtaB/vgb) strains were developed and confirmed through genotype and phenotype analysis. After HA production and purification, FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the produced HA structures. HA assay showed the highest HA titer for RBSHA3 (2.1 ± 0.18 mg/ml) and then RBSHA2 (1.9 ± 0.03 mg/ml), and RBSHA (0.6 ± 0.14 mg/ml). Statistical analysis indicated there is no significant difference in HA titer between RBSHA2 and RBSHA3 strains (p-value > 0.05), however, these strains produced HA approximately 4-fold higher than that of RBSHA strain. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed the same molecular weight (< 30 kDa) of produced HA by strains. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed all HA polymers had a relatively low polydispersity index (PDI < 0.5). These findings demonstrate the successful GlcUA biosynthetic pathway engineering strategy in improving HA yield by recombinant B. subtilis, metabolically-robust, and industrially potential strain.
Robust automatic modulation classification under noise mismatch
Authors: Guo Lan , Gao Rui , Cong Yang , Yang Lei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAutomatic modulation classification plays a critical role in the intelligent reception of unknown wireless signals. In practice, the dynamic wireless environment brings a great challenge, and the actual test model is inconsistent with the training model. Therefore, aiming at the problem of noise mismatch, this paper proposes a new modulation classification method based on KD-GoogLeNet and Squeeze-Excitation (KD-GSENet). Using the k-dimensional tree, the complex wireless signals are converted into color images rather than normal constellations, which can enhance the classification features. Considering the attention block has the inherent advantage of assigning more weights to important features, this paper further uses it to improve the GoogLeNet. Finally, extensive experiments are presented including Gaussian noise, non-Gaussian noise, and the scenarios of noise mismatch. Numerical results verify the superior classification performance of the proposed KD-GSENet under different scenarios.
Relationship between prior entrepreneurship exposure and entrepreneurial intention among secondary school learners in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Malebana Mmakgabo Justice , Mothibi Nkosinathi Henry 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the influence of prior entrepreneurship exposure on entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents. Data were collected from 349 secondary school learners in Mamelodi, Gauteng province of South Africa using a cross-sectional survey. Data were analysed using SPSS by means of regression analysis and descriptive statistics. The results revealed that prior entrepreneurship exposure in the form of current business ownership, entrepreneurial role models in the family, among friends, and knowing other entrepreneurs have no significant effect on entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents. Prior start-up experience, knowledge of successful entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurship education had a significant positive relationship with entrepreneurial intention. Prior start-up experience and knowledge of successful entrepreneurs were positively related to attitude towards entrepreneurship and subjective norms. Knowledge of successful entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship education had a significant positive relationship with perceived behavioural control. Additionally, a significant positive relationship was found between entrepreneurship education and subjective norms.
Characterization of two keystone taxa, sulfur-oxidizing, and nitrate-reducing bacteria, by tracking their role transitions in the benzo[a]pyrene degradative microbiome
Authors: Lin Xiaolan , Qiao Baoyi , Chang Ruirui , Li Yixin , Zheng Wei , He Zhili , Tian Yun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Keystone taxa are drivers of microbiome structure and functioning, which may play critical roles in microbiome-level responses to recalcitrant pollution and are a key to bioremediation. However, the characterization and manipulation of such taxa is a major challenge due to the complexity of microbial communities and rapid turnover in both time and space. Here, microcosms were set up with benzo[a]-pyrene (BaP) and/or nitrate based on C-rich, S-rich, and N-limited mangrove sediments as reductive experimental models to trigger and track the turnover of keystone taxa to address this challenge.

Results
Based on microbial co-occurrence network analysis, two keystone taxa, Sulfurovum and Sulfurimonas, were found to exhibit significant role transitions in different microcosms, where these two taxa played nonkeystone roles with neutral relationships in in situ mangrove sediments. However, Sulfurimonas transitioned to be keystone taxa in nitrate-replenished microcosms and formed a keystone guild with Thioalkalispira. Sulfurovum stood out in BaP-added microcosms and mutualized in a densely polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrader-centric keystone guild with Novosphingobium and Robiginitalea, where 63.25% of added BaP was removed. Under the occurrence of nitrate and BaP, they simultaneously played roles as keystone taxa in their respective guilds but exhibited significant competition. Comparative genomics and metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) analysis was then performed to reveal the metabolic potential of those keystone taxa and to empirically deduce their functional role in keystone guilds. Sulfurimonas possesses a better sense system and motility, indicative of its aggressive role in nitrate acquisition and conversion; Sulfurovum exhibited a better ability for oxidation resistance and transporting nutrients and electrons. High-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase reaction (hiTAIL-PCR) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-labeling approaches were employed to capture and label the BaP key degrader to further experimentally verify the roles of keystone taxa Sulfurovum in the keystone guilds. Observations of the enhancement in reactive oxygen species (ROS) removal, cell growth, and degradation efficiency by co-culture of isolated keystone taxa strains experimentally demonstrated that Sulfurovum contributes to the BaP degradative microbiome against BaP toxicity.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the combined use of co-occurrence network analysis, comparative genomics, and co-culture of captured keystone taxa (3C-strategy) in microbial communities whose structure is strongly shaped by changing environmental factors can characterize keystone taxa roles in keystone guilds and may provide targets for manipulation to improve the function of the microbiome.
Sensitivity-guided iterative parameter identification and data generation with BayesFlow and PELS-VAE for model calibration
Authors: Zhang Yi , Mikelsons Lars 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCalibration of complex system models with a large number of parameters using standard optimization methods is often extremely time-consuming and not fully automated due to the reliance on all-inclusive expert knowledge. We propose a sensitivity-guided iterative parameter identification and data generation algorithm. The sensitivity analysis replaces manual intervention, the parameter identification is realized by BayesFlow allowing for uncertainty quantification, and the data generation with the physics-enhanced latent space variational autoencoder (PELS-VAE) between two iteration steps enables inference of weakly identifiable parameters. A complete calibration experiment was conducted on a thermal model of an automotive cabin. The average relative error rate over all parameter estimates of 1.62% and the mean absolute error of calibrated model outputs of $$0.108\,^{\circ }$$

0.108

∘

C validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. Moreover, the entire procedure accelerates up to 1 day, whereas the classical calibration method takes more than 1 week.
Genome analysis of Cephalotrichum gorgonifer and identification of the biosynthetic pathway for rasfonin, an inhibitor of KRAS dependent cancer
Authors: Schüller Andreas , Studt-Reinhold Lena , Berger Harald , Silvestrini Lucia , Labuda Roman , Güldener Ulrich , Gorfer Markus , Bacher Markus , Doppler Maria , Gasparotto Erika , Gattesco Arianna , Sulyok Michael , Strauss Joseph 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFungi are important sources for bioactive compounds that find their applications in many important sectors like in the pharma-, food- or agricultural industries. In an environmental monitoring project for fungi involved in soil nitrogen cycling we also isolatedCephalotrichum gorgonifer(strain NG_p51). In the course of strain characterisation work we found that this strain is able to naturally produce high amounts of rasfonin, a polyketide inducing autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis in human cell lines and showing anti-tumor activity in KRAS-dependent cancer cells.ResultsIn order to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of rasfonin, the strain was genome sequenced, annotated, submitted to transcriptome analysis and genetic transformation was established. Biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) prediction revealed the existence of 22 BGCs of which the majority was not expressed under our experimental conditions. In silico prediction revealed two BGCs with a suite of enzymes possibly involved in rasfonin biosynthesis. Experimental verification by gene-knock out of the key enzyme genes showed that one of the predicted BGCs is indeed responsible for rasfonin biosynthesis.ConclusionsThis study identified a biosynthetic gene cluster containing a key-gene responsible for rasfonin production. Additionally, molecular tools were established for the non-model fungusCephalotrichum gorgoniferwhich allows strain engineering and heterologous expression of the BGC for high rasfonin producing strains and the biosynthesis of rasfonin derivates for diverse applications.
Meal plans for meeting the reference values using food items available in shelters
Authors: Takeda Tamaki , Sudo Noriko , Tsuboyama-Kasaoka Nobuyo , Shimada Ikuko , Sato Keiichi , Shibamura Yuki , Nagao-Sato Sayaka 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
We have suggested “Revised Nutritional Reference Values for Feeding at Evacuation Shelters” (Revised RV) as a daily nutritional recommendation for meals served at evacuation shelters where poor diets had been reported. Since there are no meal examples to satisfy the Revised RV, our objectives were, for the future meal provision, to develop nutritionally adequate meal plans using the foods served at shelters in the past and to examine if the Revised RV could be met by changing combination of foods available.

Methods
In this case study using secondary data, we analyzed food weights of 86 meals served and recorded at 12 shelters after the heavy rains in July 2020. We obtained these data from Kumamoto Prefecture that was damaged and asked us dietary assessment for nutrition assistance. Foods were classified into 3 types according to the check mark in the record sheets: food aid (commercial packaged food), boxed meal, and hot meal service. We counted serving frequency of each food and analyzed nutritional differences by their combinations. Menus were devised by choosing foods that were served more frequently or were more nutritious among those served at shelters. The target values for one meal were set at 1/3 of the Revised RV for energy, protein, vitamins B1, B2, and C, and salt.

Results
None of the meals served in the shelters satisfied the target. We created 2 menus using food aid only: (#1 curry doughnut, milk with long shelf-life, and orange jelly) and (#2 salmon rice ball, ham and cheese sandwich, and vegetable juice); 1 menu by combination of boxed meal and food aid: (#3 boxed meal and vegetable juice); and 2 menus by combination of hot meal service and food aid: (#4 chicken meatball soup, packaged tofu, soy sauce, preprocessed white rice, and bottled green tea) and (#5 bamboo shoots rice, chicken and vegetable miso soup, and bottled green tea). Planned menus generally contained more energy, protein, and vitamins and less salt than the meals served. Their vitamin C contents were especially higher.

Conclusion
Nutritionally adequate meals could be planned by changing the combination of foods available in shelters.
The Goldberg–Huxley model of the pathway to psychiatric care: 21st-century systematic review
Authors: Huxley Peter , Krayer Anne , Poole Rob , Gromadzka Alicja , Jie Daniel Lai , Nafees Sadia 
Published: June 2023

Background
The classification of mental disorders used to be based only on people seen by hospital psychiatrists. In fact, most people with a mental disorder were, and are, not seen by psychiatrists because of decisions made prior to psychiatric consultation. The first description of this ‘pathway’ to care and its levels and filters was published by Goldberg and Huxley in 1980.

Aims
To conduct a review of papers relevant to the application of the Goldberg–Huxley model in the 21st century.

Method
Systematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42021270603) of the pathway to psychiatric care in the 21st century. The review concentrates on community surveys and passage through the first filter (consultation in primary care or its equivalent). Ten databases were searched for papers meeting the defined inclusion criteria published between 2000 and 2019 and completed on 15 February 2020.

Results
In total, 1824 papers were retrieved, 137 screened fully and 31 included in this review. The results are presented in a table comparing them with previous research. Despite major social, economic and health service changes since 1980, community prevalence and consultation rates remain remarkably consistent and in line with World Health Organization findings. Passage through the first filter is largely unchanged and there is evidence that the same factors operate internationally, especially gender and social parameters.

Conclusions
The Goldberg–Huxley model remains applicable internationally, but this may change owing to an increasingly mixed mental health economy and reduced access to primary care services.
Telmisartan-Loaded Lactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles as a Liver Specific Delivery System: Synthesis, Optimization and Targeting Efficiency
Authors: Nasr Mohamed , Kira Ahmed Y. , Saber Sameh , Essa Ebtessam A. , El-Gizawy Sanaa A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a significant economic impact and a high mortality rate. Telmisartan (TLM) is a potential therapy for HCC, but it has a limited scope in drug delivery due to unpredictable distribution and poor bioavailability. The objective of this study was to prepare, design, and in vitro evaluate lactose-modified chitosan nanoparticles (LCH NPs) as a liver-targeted nanocarrier for TLM with the potential to offer a promising HCC therapy. The combination of chitosan with lactose was successfully attained using the Maillard reaction. TLM-LCH NPs were prepared, characterized, and optimized with the developed 23 full factorial design. The optimized formulation (F1) was in vitro and in vivo characterized. LCH was synthesized with an acceptable yield of 43.8 ± 0.56%, a lactosylation degree of 14.34%, and a significantly higher aqueous solubility (6.28 ± 0.21 g/L) compared to native chitosan (0.25 ± 0.03 g/L). In vitro characterization demonstrated that, F1 had a particle size of 145.46 ± 0.7 nm, an entrapment efficiency of 90.21 ± 0.28%, and a surface charge of + 27.13 ± 0.21 mV. In vitro TLM release from F1 was most consistent with the Higuchi model and demonstrated significantly higher release at pH 5.5. Moreover, a significantly higher ratio of liver to plasma concentration was observed with TLM-LCH NPs compared to plain TLM and unmodified TLM-NPs. The obtained results nominate TLM-LCH NPs as a promising carrier for enhancing liver targeting of TLM in treatment of HCC.

Graphical abstract
Endoscope-Assisted Microvascular Decompression in Hemifacial Spasm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Lehmann Sebastian , Schroeder Henry W.S. 
Published: June 2023

INDICATIONS: CORRIDOR AND LIMITS OF EXPOSURE:
This video demonstrates our endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression (MVD) technique in hemifacial spasm. A 2-cm lower retrosigmoid approach is used to reach the facial nerve exit zone. The additional use of endoscopy serves to overcome the microscopes linear axis of view on the compression site.

ANATOMIC ESSENTIALS: NEED FOR PREOPERATIVE PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT:
A neurovascular conflict in the facial nerve exit zone is to be identified on CISS-MRI. A CT scan helps assessing the approach. Acoustic evoked potentials and facial nerve neuromonitoring including lateral spreads are required.
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ESSENTIAL STEPS OF THE PROCEDURE:
The patient is positioned supine with 45° head rotation to the contralateral side. In addition, the operating table is tilted 30° to facilitate optimal cerebellar retraction by gravity avoiding the need for cerebellar spatula. The dura is incised parallel to the sigmoid sinus. With the operating microscope, the arachnoid is dissected exposing the vestibulocochlear nerve and the lower cranial nerves. The lower cranial nerve group is exposed up to the exit from the brain stem, enabling a subfloccular approach to the facial nerve exit zone. The endoscope is used to inspect the facial nerve and to identify the compressing vessel. Microscopically, the vessel is mobilized and the nerve decompressed by shredded Teflon.
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PITFALLS/AVOIDANCE OF COMPLICATIONS:
Jugular vein compression by excessive head rotation must be avoided. Teflon placed directly onto the nerve can cause spasms itself. Opened mastoid cells are carefully sealed.

VARIANTS AND INDICATIONS FOR THEIR USE:
Transposition is favored over interposition. Besides shredded Teflon, a Teflon-Bridge or Teflon-Sling can be placed.
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The patient consented to the procedure and to the publication of her image.
The Semisitting Retrosigmoid Technique for Removal of Large Vestibular Schwannoma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Wang Sophie S. , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: June 2023

INDICATIONS: CORRIDOR AND LIMITS OF EXPOSURE:
The retrosigmoid approach in semisitting position (RS-SSP) is a powerful technique for removal of large vestibular schwannomas.
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It improves extent of tumor resection and nerve preservation. This video shows the case of a 34-year-old man with a large vestibular schwannoma, treated with the RS-SSP technique. The patient consented to the procedure and to publication of his image.

ANATOMIC ESSENTIALS: NEED FOR PREOPERATIVE PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT:
Preoperative MRI and bone window computed tomography are essential for optimal planning. Intraoperative monitoring throughout the surgery includes somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) of limbs, facial MEP and electromyography, and brainstem auditory evoked potention.

ESSENTIALS STEPS OF THE PROCEDURE:
Major steps are (1) positioning of patient in SSP under SSEP recordings,
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(2) ipsilateral retrosigmoid craniotomy, (3) straight dura incision parallel to sigmoid sinus, (4) opening the basal cisterns and gently elevation of cerebellum, (5) identification of Tübingen line on posterior surface of petrous bone, (6) opening and emptying the internal auditory canal (IAC) under nerves preservation, (7) intracisternal tumor debulking, (8) bimanual nerve dissection of cochlear nerve inferiorly and facial nerve medially/ventrally, (9) endoscopic investigation of IAC fundus,
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(10) plugging the IAC with bone wax and muscle, (11) jugular vein compression before dura closure, and (12) Closure of craniotomy and wound.

PITFALLS/AVOIDANCE OF COMPLICATIONS:
Correct positioning in SSP is crucial to minimize the risk of air embolism.
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VARIANTS AND INDICATIONS FOR THEIR USE:
Additional resection of suprameatal tubercle allows extension toward the middle fossa and removal of dumbbell-shaped trigeminal schwannomas and petroclival meningiomas.
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