bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine Triphosphate Citrate Lyase and Fatty Acid Synthesis Inhibition
Authors: Duarte Lau Freddy , Giugliano Robert P. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceAdenosine triphosphate citrate lyase (ACLY) is a key regulatory enzyme of glucose metabolism, cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis, and the inflammatory cascade. Bempedoic acid, an ACLY inhibitor, significantly reduces atherogenic lipid markers, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. Additional effects of ACLY inhibition include antitumor growth; reduction of triglycerides and proinflammatory molecules such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; less insulin resistance; reduction of hepatic lipogenesis; and weight loss.ObservationsWhile numerous ACLY inhibitors have been identified, most of the clinical data have focused on bempedoic acid. The Cholesterol Lowering via Bempedoic Acid, an ACL-Inhibiting Regimen (CLEAR) program was a series of phase 3 clinical trials that evaluated its effects on lipid parameters and safety, leading to US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2020. CLEAR Outcomes was a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in individuals with a history of statin intolerance, serum LDL-C level of 100 mg/dL or higher, and a history of, or at high risk for, cardiovascular disease. Bempedoic acid modestly reduced the primary 4-way cardiovascular composite end point as well as the individual components of myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization but did not reduce stroke, cardiovascular death, or all-cause mortality. Rates of gout and cholelithiasis were higher with bempedoic acid, and small increases in serum creatinine, uric acid, and hepatic-enzyme levels were also observed.Conclusions and relevanceACLY inhibition with bempedoic acid has been established as a safe and effective therapy in high-risk patients who require further LDL-C lowering, particularly for those with a history of statin intolerance. The recently published CLEAR Outcomes trial revealed modest reductions in cardiovascular events with bempedoic acid, proportional to its LDL-C lowering, in high-risk individuals with statin intolerance and LDL-C levels of 100 mg/dL or higher. The additional effects of ACLY inhibition have prompted a more thorough search for novel ACLY inhibitors for conditions such as cancer, hypertriglyceridemia, chronic inflammation, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Similarly, therapies that reduce fatty acid synthesis are being explored for their use in cardiometabolic conditions.
Outcomes Following Lung Transplant for COVID-19–Related Complications in the US
Authors: Tasoudis Panagiotis , Lobo Leonard J. , Coakley Raymond D. , Agala Chris B. , Egan Thomas M. , Haithcock Benjamin E. , Mody Gita N. , Long Jason M. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceThe COVID-19 pandemic led to the use of lung transplant as a lifesaving therapy for patients with irreversible lung injury. Limited information is currently available regarding the outcomes associated with this treatment modality.ObjectiveTo describe the outcomes following lung transplant for COVID-19–related acute respiratory distress syndrome or pulmonary fibrosis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, lung transplant recipient and donor characteristics and outcomes following lung transplant for COVID-19–related acute respiratory distress syndrome or pulmonary fibrosis were extracted from the US United Network for Organ Sharing database from March 2020 to August 2022 with a median (IQR) follow-up period of 186 (64-359) days in the acute respiratory distress syndrome group and 181 (40-350) days in the pulmonary fibrosis group. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional regression models were used to examine the association of certain variables with overall survival.ExposuresLung transplant following COVID-19–related acute respiratory distress syndrome or pulmonary fibrosis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOverall survival and graft failure rates.ResultsAmong 385 included patients undergoing lung transplant, 195 had COVID-19–related acute respiratory distress syndrome (142 male [72.8%]; median [IQR] age, 46 [38-54] years; median [IQR] allocation score, 88.3 [80.5-91.1]) and 190 had COVID-19–related pulmonary fibrosis (150 male [78.9%]; median [IQR] age, 54 [45-62]; median [IQR] allocation score, 78.5 [47.7-88.3]). There were 16 instances of acute rejection (8.7%) in the acute respiratory distress syndrome group and 15 (8.6%) in the pulmonary fibrosis group. The 1-, 6-, and 12- month overall survival rates were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.96-0.99), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98), and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.94) for the acute respiratory distress syndrome cohort and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.92-0.98), 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86-0.96), and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.74-0.90) for the pulmonary fibrosis cohort. Freedom from graft failure rates were 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96-0.99), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90-0.97), and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.79-0.93) in the 1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up periods in the acute respiratory distress cohort and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.92-0.98), 0.93 (95% CI, 0.87-0.96), and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74-0.91) in the pulmonary fibrosis cohort, respectively. Receiving a graft from a donor with a heavy and prolonged history of smoking was associated with worse overall survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome cohort, whereas the characteristics associated with worse overall survival in the pulmonary fibrosis cohort included female recipient, male donor, and high recipient body mass index.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, outcomes following lung transplant were similar in patients with irreversible respiratory failure due to COVID-19 and those with other pretransplant etiologies.
Identification and analysis of pathogenic bacteria causing outbreaks in Indian major carp aquaculture of Tripura
Authors: Laltlanmawia C. , Saha Himadri , Ghosh Lija , Saha Ratan Kumar , Malla Supratim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate bacterial disease outbreaks in Indian major carp from aquaculture systems in Tripura, India, and identify the bacterial species associated with those outbreaks.

Methods
A 3-year surveillance was conducted in eight districts of Tripura, during which nine bacterial disease outbreaks were recorded. Fourteen bacterial strains isolated from diseased Indian major carp were selected and identified using phenotypic, molecular (16S ribosomal RNA gene), and phylogenetic analyses. In vitro pathogenicity studies were performed to assess the potential pathogenicity of the isolated bacteria.

Result
The selected isolated strains were preliminarily identified under the genera Aeromonas (9 isolates), Acinetobacter (1 isolate), Citrobacter (3 isolates), and Pseudomonas (1 isolate). Molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the species of the isolated bacteria, including Aeromonas jandaei (strains COF_AHE09 and COF_AHE61), Aeromonas veronii (strains COF_AHE13, COF_AHE52, COF_AHE55, COF_AHE56, and COF_AHE62), Aeromonas hydrophila (strains COF_AHE51 and COF_AHE58), Acinetobacter pittii (strain COF_AHE14), Citrobacter freundii (strains COF_AHE20, COF_AHE57, and COF_AHE59), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain COF_AHE54). Behavioral and clinical signs observed in the diseased fish, such as lethargy, skin hemorrhaging, ulcers, fin and tail rot, exophthalmia, distended abdomen, scale loss, and skin discoloration, indicated the presence of bacterial septicemia. The in vitro pathogenicity studies highlighted the potential role of these bacteria in disease development, especially under environmental stress.

Conclusion
This study provides valuable insights into the diversity of bacterial species associated with bacterial disease outbreaks in Indian major carp from aquaculture systems in Tripura. It serves as the first comprehensive investigation of its kind, contributing to our understanding of bacterial infections in Indian major carp.
N‐Heteroarylation of Sulfonamides: An Overview
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Pal Prajna Paramita , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractN‐Heteroaryl sulfonamides are an extremely significant variety of organosulfur compounds that are present in many significant FDA‐approved drugs and therapeutic agents. Therefore, synthesis of these N‐heteroaryl sulfonamides is one of the most interesting topics among the synthetic organic chemists. Among the various synthetic methodologies, direct C−N bond formation through N‐heteroarylation of sulfonamides has emerged as a procedure continued of choice as it bypasses the genotoxicity common in the traditional methods. This review encompasses and summarizes the progress and development in this subject with literature coverage up to June 2023.
A novel microfluidic method to simultaneously measure droplet size and interfacial tension without visualization
Authors: Xuan Xuemei , Lan Wenjie , Xu Xinyong , Li Shaowei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDroplet size and interfacial tension are key parameters related to two‐phase flow. However, current methods for measuring these parameters are usually based on visualization and are therefore not applicable for invisible two‐phase flow systems. Moreover, real‐time determination of interfacial tension is difficult because conventional methods cannot be employed in the flow field. This study presents a novel method for simultaneously measuring the droplet size and real‐time interfacial tension in a two‐phase flow system. A T‐shaped microdevice was designed and integrated with the two‐phase flow equipment. The pressure variation as the droplets flowed through the microdevice was used as a probe to detect the two key parameters, that is, visualization is not required. Monodispersed and multidispersed droplet flows in different equipment were used to verify the method. Both the droplet size distribution and real‐time interfacial tension can be determined using the developed approach.
A Fixable Fluorescence‐Quenched Substrate for Quantitation of Lysosomal Glucocerebrosidase Activity in Both Live and Fixed Cells
Authors: Zhu Sha , Deen Matthew C. , Zhu Yanping , Gilormini Pierre‐André , Chen Xi , Davis Oliver B. , Chin Marcus Y. , Henry Anastasia G. , Vocadlo David J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFluorogenic substrates are emerging tools that enable studying enzymatic processes within their native cellular environments. However, fluorogenic substrates that function within live cells are generally incompatible with cellular fixation, preventing their tandem application with fundamental cell biology methods such as immunocytochemistry. Here we report a simple approach to enable the chemical fixation of a dark‐to‐light substrate, LysoFix‐GBA, which enables quantification of glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity in both live and fixed cells. LysoFix‐GBA enables measuring responses to both chemical and genetic perturbations to lysosomal GCase activity. Further, LysoFix‐GBA permits simple multiplexed co‐localization studies of GCase activity with subcellular protein markers. This tool will aid studying the role of GCase activity in Parkinson's Disease, creating new therapeutic approaches targeting the GCase pathway. This approach also lays the foundation for an approach to create fixable substrates for other lysosomal enzymes.
Physical properties of zircon‐filled poly(methyl methacrylate) composites following heating around its glass transition temperature
Authors: Hilmi Allif Rosyidy , Sari Yuliani Purnama , Asrori M. Zainul , Zainuri Mochamad , Pratapa Suminar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZircon‐filled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites were synthesized, and their physical properties after ambient heat treatments were investigated. The sub‐micron zircon filler was obtained by purifying local zircon sand. The heat treatments were at 25°C (untreated), 55°C, and 70°C, around the glass transition temperature of PMMA. The crystal and molecular structures of the samples were investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermomechanical, optical, and thermal (between RT and 550°C) properties of all composites were examined using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis (DT/TGA) instruments. XRD patterns showed that there were no crystal structure changes. FTIR peaks were reduced due to the heat treatment indicating the presence of PMMA molecular degradation in the heat‐treated samples. Meanwhile, DMA data showed that the heat‐treated samples exhibit a much lower room temperature storage modulus, that is, up to half as compared to the untreated ones. Furthermore, the heat treatment also affects the optical properties, including a slight drop of transmittance in UV‐A and visible regions but a slight increase of transmittance in UV‐B and UV‐C regions. Finally, the differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetry (DSC/TG) data show that the heat‐treated pure PMMAs become more challenging to undergo thermal degradation (i.e., mass drop).
Determination of mass fractions in polypropylene/polyethylene blends using fast scanning calorimetry
Authors: Furushima Yoshitomo , Hirota Nobuhiro , Nakada Masaru , Masuda Akihiro , Okada Kazuma , Ohkura Masatoshi , Schick Christoph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFast scanning calorimetry (FSC) enables rapid sample cooling from the melt at rates of several thousand Kelvin per second. A perfect amorphous state for polypropylene (PP) can be achieved by fast cooling at rates of 5000 K s−1. In comparison, polyethylene (PE) crystallizes during cooling, even at cooling rates accessible with FSC. Thus, in this study, a novel method was proposed for determining the PP/PE mixing ratio with a standard deviation of 1.4 mass% that combines FSC and differential scanning calorimetry. The proposed method considers the above thermal behavior of the components of polyolefin blends. In addition, the proposed method is expected to provide a convenient way to analyze the composition of recycled polyolefins from the market or industrial processes without the need for high‐temperature solvents that are typically used in nuclear magnetic resonance or for calibration curves in Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry.
Validation of stability‐indicating LC method, degradation study, and impact on antioxidant and antifungal activities of Eugenia uniflora leaves extract
Authors: dos Santos Ewelyn Cintya Felipe , Andrade de Lima Juliana Morais , Barbosa Machado Janaína Carla , Assunção Ferreira Magda Rhayanny , Lira Soares Luiz Alberto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to demonstrate the stability‐indicating capacity of an analytical method for Eugenia uniflora, enhance understanding of the stability of myricitrin, and assess the effect of degradation of spray‐dried extract (SDE) on antioxidant and antifungal activities. Validation of the stability‐indicating method was carried out through a forced degradation study of SDE and standard myricitrin. The antioxidant and antifungal activities of SDE were evaluated both before and after degradation. The quantification method described was found to be both accurate and precise in measuring myricitrin levels in SDE from E. uniflora, with excellent selectivity that confirmed its stability‐indicating capability. The forced degradation study revealed that the marker myricitrin is sensitive to hydrolysis, but generally stable under other stress conditions. By contrast, the standard myricitrin displayed greater susceptibility to degradation under forced degradation conditions. Analysis of the antioxidant activity of SDE before and after degradation showed a negative impact in this activity due to degradation, while no significant effect was observed on antifungal activity. The method described can be a valuable tool in the quality control of E. uniflora, and the findings can assist in determining the optimal conditions and storage of products derived from this species.
Highly Effective B@g‐C3N4/Polyaniline Nanoblend for Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol
Authors: Tarek Mostafa , Atta Mahmoud , Shukor Muhd Zahiruddin , Abdullah Hamidah , Khan Maksudur Rahman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotoelectrocatalytic (PEC) conversion of CO2 has been extensively investigated as it uses solar energy to combine CO2 and water to produce hydrocarbons. In the present work, B@graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4)/polyaniline (PANI) nanoblend was synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of B@g‐C3N4 for PEC CO2 reduction. The catalyst was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Mott‐Schottky analysis. The PEC activity was evaluated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry. XRD revealed the formation of g‐C3N4, while B doping was confirmed by XPS. The presence of PANI was visualized by FESEM. A remarkable cathodic current associated with CO2 reduction was observed during LSV from an onset potential of –0.01 V vs. normal hydrogen electrode (NHE), which is more positive than that of B@g‐C3N4 (–0.82 V vs. NHE), and the positive shift is attributed to the slow charge recombination kinetics of B@g‐C3N4/PANI as evidenced by PL results. The mechanism of PEC CO2 reduction was investigated and discussed on the basis of the Mott‐Schottky results. In conclusion, B@g‐C3N4/PANI opens a new avenue to develop photoelectrocatalysts for PEC CO2 reduction to methanol.
Tunable Chromic Properties of Viologen‐Metal Polymers Modulated by Coordination Modes for Inkless Erasable Printing
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Yan , Wang He‐Chong , Jin Xin‐Xin , Li Run‐Jie , Li Qian‐Ge , Sun Rong , Li Peng , Wang Bing‐Wu , Wang Lin , Sui Qi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInkless and erasable printing (IEP) based on chromic materials holds great promise to alleviate environmental and sustainable problems. Metal–organic polymers (MOPs) are bright platforms for constructing IEP materials. However, it is still challenging to design target MOPs with excellent specific functions rationally due to the intricate component‐structure‐property relationships. Herein, an effective strategy was proposed for the rational design IEP‐MOP materials. The stimuli‐responsive viologen moiety was introduced into the construction of MOPs to give it potential chromic behaviors and two different coordination models (i. e. bilateral coordination model, M1; unilateral coordinated model, M2) based on the same viologen ligand were designed. Aided by theoretical calculations, model M1 was recommended secondarily as a more suitable system for IEP materials. Along this line, two representative viologen‐ZnII MOPs 1 and 2 with models M1 and M2 were synthesized successfully. Experiments exhibit that 1 does have quicker stimuli response, stronger color contrast and longer radical lifetime compared to 2. Significantly, the obtained 1‐IEP media brightly inherits the excellent chromic characteristics of 1 and the flexibility of the paper at the same time, which achieves most daily printing requirements, as well as enough resolution and durability to be used in identification by smart device.
p(thyme oil) and p(clove oil) organo‐particles with biocompatible, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties against Capan‐1 and L‐929 cells
Authors: Alpaslan Duygu , Ersen Dudu Tuba , Moran Bozer Busra , Aktas Nahit , Turk Mustafa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of p(ClO) and p(TO) organo‐particles from clove oil and thyme oil is the first in the literature. The particles were tested against the L‐929 cell line for cell viability/cytotoxicity. The anticancer activity was studied against the Capan‐1 pancreatic cancer cell line. p(ClO) and p(TO) organo‐particles were featured by thermogravimetry (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size (DLS), and particle charge (zeta potential, Zeta) analyses. Antioxidant, biocompatible, antimicrobial, and in vitro cytotoxicity specialties were investigated. p(ClO) and p(TO) organo‐particles were found to be effective on the L‐929 fibroblast cell line and Capan‐1 pancreatic cancer cell line in research on Capan‐1 and L‐929 cell lines. Additionally, it was shown that large dosages of p(ClO) organo‐particles were not hazardous to L‐929 cell lines. A difference was found between the rates of cell viability and apoptosis and necrosis when the MTT study findings of p(ClO) and p(TO) organo‐particles were studied in Capan‐1 cell line. The p(TO) organo‐particle had the highest % apoptosis rate. At the 100 g mL−1 concentration, the fibroblast cell viability of p(ClO) and p(TO) organo‐particles was 176.46% and 107.78%, respectively. The IC50 value derived for the decrease in viability was determined as (2.22 mg mL−1) and it was calculated that it would kill the pancreatic cancer cells by 50% when doxorubicin and p(ClO) were administered combined.
Engineering Coordination Environment of Cobalt Center in Molecular Catalysts for Improved Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Zhang Jihong , Yang Wei , Tao Weixue , Tao Keying , Deng Jihua , Shi Wenjie , Zhong Dichang , Lu Tongbu 
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe creation of effective and inexpensive catalysts is essential for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Homogeneous molecular catalysts, possessing definite crystal structures, are desirable to study the relationship between catalytic performance and coordination microenvironment around catalytic center. In this report, we elaborately developed three Co(II)‐based molecular catalysts with different coordination microenvironments for CO2 reduction, named [CoN3O]ClO4, [CoN4]ClO4, and [CoN3S]ClO4, respectively. The optimal [CoN3O]ClO4 photocatalyst has a maximum TON of 5652 in photocatalytic reduced CO2 reduction, which is 1.28 and 1.65 times greater than that of [CoN4]ClO4 and [CoN3S]ClO4, respectively. The high electronegativity of oxygen in L1 (N,N‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐N‐(2‐hydroxybenzyl)amine) provides the Co(II) catalytic centers with low reduction potentials and a more stable *COOH intermediate, which facilitates the CO2‐to‐CO conversion and accounts for the high photocatalytic activity of [CoN3O]ClO4. This work provides researchers new insights in development of catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Role of Dipolar Organic Cations on Light‐triggered Charge Transfer at TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 Interfaces
Authors: Zhang Mingfang , Feng Qingjie , Li Sheng , Nan Guangjun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe TiO2/MAPbI3 (MA=CH3NH3) interfaces have manifested correlation with current‐voltage hysteresis in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under light illumination conditions, but the relations between the photo‐induced charge transfer and the collective polarization response of the dipolar MA cations are largely unexplored. In this work, we adopt density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT approach to study the light‐triggered charge transfer across the TiO2/MAPbI3 interfaces with MAI‐ and PbI‐exposed terminations. It is found that regardless of the surface exposure of the MAPbI3, the photo‐induced charge transfer varies when going from the ground‐state geometries to the excited‐state configurations. Besides, thanks to the electrostatic interactions between the ends of MA cations and the photogenerated electrons, the photo‐induced charge transfer across the interfaces is enhanced (weakened) by the negatively (positively) charged CH3 (NH3) moieties of the MA species. Resultantly, the positively charged iodine vacancies at the TiO2/MAPbI3 interfaces tend to inhibit the charge transfer induced by light. Combining with the energy level alignment which is significantly modulated by the orientation of the MA species at the interfaces, the dipolar MA cations might be a double‐edge sword for the hysteresis in PSCs with the TiO2/MAPbI3 interfaces.