bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Traffic Risk Score on Basis of Human Behaviour
Authors: Reddy B. Dileep Kumar , Bai M. Bharathi , Jyothi Y. , Rohith S. , Jagadeesh E. , Jameer K. Roshan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The primary focus is on the nature of the outcomes, the degree of accidents, and the nature of the accident victims. Today's traffic has significantly grown. Also, there have been significant changes in how people behave and think about using the roads. In the context of these circumstances, a better strategy is needed to provide pavement that is both safe and dependable. So, we'll choose a few places in Pulivendula and Kadapa, and then we'll run a survey to determine the overall risk score there. By calculating the chance of an event occurring with the risk weight and using some common reference values, such as the risk factor and risk weight from IRC highway research volume III, we may determine the total risk score. Following the calculation of the total risk score, we will contrast the results with standards.
C-reactive protein kinetics as a predictive marker for long-term outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors in upper gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Nose Yohei , Saito Takuro , Kurokawa Yukinori , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Momose Kota , Yamashita Kotaro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro , Wada Hisashi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The treatment efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is limited, and biomarkers that identify responders are urgently needed. We investigated whether C-reactive protein (CRP) kinetics are associated with the treatment efficacy of ICIs and prognosis in upper gastrointestinal cancers.
Methods
We analysed 76 gastric cancer patients treated with nivolumab monotherapy. Patients were classified as CRP-spike, CRP-flat, or CRP-increase according to CRP kinetics within 6 weeks after nivolumab initiation, and the treatment response and prognosis were compared. We further validated this classification in 71 oesophageal cancer patients with nivolumab monotherapy.
Results
In the gastric cancer cohort, the CRP-spike, CRP-flat, and CRP-increase subgroups included 9, 37, and 30 patients, respectively. The CRP-spike subgroup had higher disease control rates than the CRP-increase subgroup (p = 0.0068) and had significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) (vs. CRP-flat: p = 0.045, CRP-increase: p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis for PFS identified CRP-spike (HR = 0.38, p = 0.029) as an independent favourable prognostic factor. In the oesophageal cancer cohort, the CRP-spike, CRP-flat, and CRP-increase subgroups included 13, 27, and 31 patients, respectively, and multivariate analysis for PFS also identified CRP-spike (HR = 0.28, p = 0.0044) as an independent favourable prognostic factor.
Conclusions
CRP kinetics may be useful in predicting the long-term outcome of nivolumab treatment in upper gastrointestinal cancers.
Thickness of Melanocytes in Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus for Complete Surgical Excision: Clinicopathological Evaluation of 117 Lesions according to the Area and Size
Authors: Kim Ji-Young , Lee Se Yeon , Kwak Yoonjin , Kim Byung Jun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) are usually defined as nevi that exceed 20 cm in maximal diameter or 15% of the total body surface area. There have been reports of life-long malignant change risks arising from GCMN, leading to surgical excision of GCMN.Objective To evaluate the thickness of melanocytes according to the clinical factors of the patients to provide objective information for complete resection of the lesion.Methods Overall, 75 patients diagnosed with GCMN between 2000 and 2021 were included, and their clinical records were collected retrospectively. 117 pathologic slides obtained during excision were reviewed to measure nevus thickness. Clinical factors were assessed with a generalized estimated equation model for association with nevus thickness.Results The thickness of nevus was significantly associated with the location and size. Nevus thickness was more superficial in the distal extremity than in the head and trunk (P = 0.003 [head]; P < 0.001 [trunk]; P = 0.091 [Proximal extremity]). A nevus over 60 cm was deeper than 20–29.9 cm (P = 0.035). An interaction between size and location existed (P < 0.001).Conclusion GCMNs have deference in thickness according to location and size. Therefore, it is necessary to devise an approach optimized for each patient to treat GCMN.
Low accuracy bark gouging controls Ips typographus outbreaks while conserving non- target beetle diversity
Authors: Zarges Sebastian , Thorn Simon , Bußler Heinz , Siegler Harald , Wolf Josef , Hagge Jonas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Natural disturbances and subsequent outbreaks of forest insects led to unprecedented amounts of damaged timber. In Eurasia, the European Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus) breeding in Norway spruce (Picea abies) is creating the main share of infested trees in recent years. As alternative to salvage logging, different technics of mechanical and manual methods of bark removal for pest control are frequently applied in areas with conservation status or in protective forests that mitigate or prevent the impact of a natural hazard. To test the field applicability of bark removal technics, we compare economic costs between manual debarking and bark gouging and evaluate how pest control and non-target biodiversity are affected from bark gouging if the phloem is cut with decreasing accuracy mirroring practical application by forest enterprises. Based on data of an experimental design we show, that bark gouging is twice as fast as manual debarking. From complete debarked P. abies logs no I. typogrphus emerged (pest control efficiency of 100%) but diversity of other emerging beetle species is reduced near zero. If bark gouging is conducted with high accuracy (phloem sufficiently cut in more than half of stripes) pest control efficiency is 99.9% and for low accuracy (below 50%) pest control efficiency is still 95.7%. Non-target beetle diversity increases with reduced accuracy. Bark gouging combines sufficed pest control with biodiversity conservation at lower economic costs than manual debarking and can thus be recommended for protected areas and protective forests, in particular.
Economic Sanctions as a Foreign Policy Tool: A Case Study of the Iran-West Conflict
Authors: Abdelbary Islam , ELshawa Rasha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The study focuses on the impact of economic sanctions on Iran’s economy, society, and regional influence, providing insights into the effectiveness of sanctions and their long-term implications. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative analysis and content analysis of official speeches, press releases, and news. The sample period covered 50 observations for annual data from 1969 until 2018. The results of this study indicate that economic sanctions have had a significant impact on Iran’s economy, particularly on its oil exports, banking, and manufacturing sectors. The outcome presented a clear and concise picture of the impact of sanctions on Iran’s economic performance. The ARDL model suggests that sanctions significantly impact the macroeconomic instability of the Iranian economy, and the more severe the sanctions imposed on Iran, the more significant the negative impact on the country’s macroeconomic stability. The thematic analysis indicates that sanctions have limited Iran’s development of its nuclear program, but they have not stopped it completely. However, they have failed to reduce Iran’s ability to support militant groups or its regional influence. Furthermore, sanctions have affected the tone of official speeches by Iranian leaders towards the West, making them more cooperative when Iran faces economic hardship and internal unrest. The study recommends that policymakers should consider using multilateral sanctions besides applying diplomatic strategies to minimize the impact on civilians. Finally, policymakers should support moderate candidates in Iranian elections to encourage positive political changes.
Another evidence that activated caspase-3 is not an exclusive apoptotic marker: a comprehensive study of activated caspase-3 population of cells in rat spinal cord
Authors: Holota Radovan , Buľková Viktória , Matiašová Anna Alexovič , Košuth Ján , Slovinská Lucia , Tomori Zoltán , Daxnerová Zuzana , Ševc Juraj 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cell death is an essential process occurring during the development of the central nervous system. Despite the availability of wide range of commercially produced antibodies against various apoptotic markers, data regarding the apoptosis in intact spinal cord during postnatal development and adulthood are mostly missing. This study aimed to investigate the apoptosis in the rat spinal cord at different stages of ontogenesis (8, 29 and 90 postnatal days). For this purpose, we used immunofluorescent detection of two widely used apoptotic markers, activated caspase-3 (aC3) and cleaved PARP (cPARP). Surprisingly, we found significant discrepancy between the amounts of aC3+ cells and PARP+ cells, varying with ratio around 500:1–5,000:1 in the rat spinal cord in all postnatal time points. Majority of aC3+ cells were glial cells and did not exhibit apoptotic phenotype. In contrast with the results of in vivo study, in vitro analysis of primary cell culture derived from neonatal rat spinal cord, treated with apoptotic inductor staurosporine, revealed similar onset of occurrence of both markers in cells subjected to apoptosis. Gene expression analysis of spinal cord tissue revealed elevated expression of Birc4 (XIAP), Birc2 and Birc5 (Survivin) genes, which are known as potent inhibitors of apoptosis. Our data indicates that the activated caspase-3 is not an exclusive marker of apoptosis, especially in glial cells, due its possible presence in inhibited forms and/or its participation in other, non-apoptotic roles. Therefore, in the light of our recent results, cPARP appears to be more appropriate marker for detection of apoptosis.
National guidelines for malaria treatment in Democratic Republic of the Congo: A critical appraisal
Authors: Nkoli Papy Mandoko , Moke Destin Mbongi , Kisita Christelle , Kambala Jean Pierre Mukendi , Kahunu Gauthier Mesia , Tshala-Katumbay Desiré , Ngoyi Dieudonné Mumba 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCONTEXT AND OBJECTIVESThe fight against malaria is threatened by the emergence and expansion ofPlasmodium falciparumresistance to antimalarial drugs, to the point of questioning treatment patterns drawn by control programs. The objective of this work was to do a critical appraisal of the national guidelines for the treatment of malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.METHODSTo estimate the selective pressure that leads to the emergence ofP. falciparumresistance to antimalarials, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on antimalarials in circulation in pharmacies in Kinshasa. Anex vivoevaluation of theP. falciparumresistance to antimalarial drugs and the analysis of molecular markers of Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance were conducted in the provinces of Kinshasa and Kongo Central during 2014 and 2015.RESULTS.The following antimalarial drugs were found in 404 pharmacies: Artemisinin-based combination therapies 88.1%, quinine 80.9%, Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine 56.4%, oral artemisinin-based monotherapies 23.0% and traditional medicine 30.2%. Artemether-lumefantrine combinations were the most frequently dispensed drugs (93% of pharmacies). The decrease in the susceptibility ofP. falciparumisolates to antimalarials was as follows: chloroquine 65.7%, quinine 52.6%, monodesethylamodiaquine 25%, mefloquine ~ 45%, dihydroartemisinin 1.3%, piperaquine 1.6%, and doxycycline 4.3%. No isolates were found to be lumefantrine-resistant. The prevalence of mutations was high inpfdhfr(N51I: 98.5%, C59R: 88.2%, and S108N: 99.4%) andpfdhps(A437G: 97.8%). ThepfdhpsA581G,pfdhpsK540E,pfdhfrI164L, andpfdhpsA613S mutations were 14%, 17.5%, 0.1%, and 0.6%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThese findings show a highex vivoresistance ofP. falciparumto quinine, the antimalarial that plays an important role in the fight against malaria in the DRC. The present work highlights the complexity of the inappropriate antimalarials distribution. This shows the lack of regulation in the distribution system, potentially affecting the dynamics of resistance.
Hybrid Arabic text summarization Approach based on Seq-to-seq and Transformer
Authors: ELSAID Asmaa , MOHAMMED AMMAR , Fattouh Lamiaa , SAKRE MOHAMMED 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Text summarization is essential in natural language processing as the data volume increases quickly. Therefore, the user needs to summarize that data into a meaningful text in a short time. There are two common methods of text summarization: extractive and abstractive. There are many efforts to summarize Latin texts. However, summarizing Arabic texts is challenging for many reasons, including the language’s complexity, structure, and morphology. Also, there is a need for benchmark data sources and a gold standard Arabic evaluation metrics summary. Thus, the contribution of this paper is multi-fold: First, the paper proposes a hybrid approach consisting of a Modified Sequence-To-Sequence (MSTS) model and a transformer-based model. The seq-to-seq-based model is modified by adding multi-layer encoders and a one-layer decoder to its structure. The output of the MSTS model is the extractive summarization. To generate the abstractive summarization, the extractive summarization is manipulated by a transformer-based model. Second, it introduces a new Arabic benchmark dataset, called the HASD, which includes 43k articles with their extractive and abstractive summaries. Third, this work modifies the well-known extractive EASC benchmarks by adding to each text its abstractive summarization. Finally, this paper proposes a new measure called the Arabic-rouge measure for the abstractive summary depending on structure and similarity between words. The proposed method is tested using the proposed HASD and Modified EASC benchmarks and evaluated using Rouge, Bleu, and Arabic Rouge. The experimental results show satisfactory results compared to state-of-the-art methods.
An Efficient Full-Size Convolutional Computing Method Based on Memristor Crossbar
Authors: Tan Jinpei , Shen Siyuan , Duan Shukai , Wang Lidan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Convolutional computation takes over 90% of convolutional neural network (CNN) calculations; one way to accelerate the convolutional computation of CNN is to employ hardware-based parallel computing. Memristor-based neuromorphic computing systems are one of the promising hardware acceleration strategies. In this paper, we propose a full-size convolution algorithm (FSCA) for the memristor crossbar, which can store both the input matrix and the convolution kernel and map the convolution kernel to the entire input matrix in a full parallel method during the computation. This method dramatically increases the convolutional kernel computations in a single operation, and the number of operations no longer increases with the input matrix size. Then a bidirectional pulse control switch integrated with two extra memristors into CMOS devices is designed to effectively suppress the leakage current problem in the row and column directions of the existing memristor crossbar. The spice circuit simulation system is built to verify that the design convolutional computation algorithm can extract the feature map of the entire input matrix after only a few operations in the memristor crossbar-based computational circuit. System-level simulations based on the MNIST classification task verify that the designed algorithm and circuit can effectively implement Gabor filtering, allowing the multilayer neural network to improve the classification task recognition accuracy to 98.25% with a 26.2% reduction in network parameters. In comparison, the network can even effectively immunize various non-idealities of the memristive synaptic within 30%.
The analysis of late postoperative foot functions in patients with post-traumatic ankle arthrosis
Authors: Grazhdanov Konstantin A. , Zuev Pavel P. , Rubashkin Sergey A. , Baratov Andrey V. , Sertakova Anastasiya V. , Norkin Igor A. , Ulyanov Vladimir Yu. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We analyzed foot functions in the late postoperative period in 41 patients with post-traumatic arthrosis of their ankle joints. The study involved clinical and surgical techniques as well as the Foot Function Index (FFI) measuring and statistical methods. No significant differences in FFI scores were revealed in 6 months after ankle arthrodesis surgeries with plates or intramedullary nails. However, in 3 months after their surgeries the patients with intramedullary nails featured lower FFI scores suggesting earlier satisfactory outcomes in this cohort.
Meta-Learning Based Classification Model for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: M Hariharan , Somasundaram K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major global health concern and is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease is responsible for 17.9 million deaths each year, which accounts for 31% of all global deaths. Heart disease is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Machine learning algorithms have shown promise in predicting the risk of heart attacks. Meta-learning is a type of machine-learning method which enables a system to learn how to learn. It involves a set of techniques that allow a system to improve its own learning process. In this paper, we propose a Meta-learning based classification model for Cardiovascular diseases. We consider the dataset (for heart attack classification), which contains 76 attributes with the predicted attribute being the presence of heart disease. We evaluate traditional classification models and Meta-Learning approach for heart attack classification. Additionally, we compared the results using SMOTE and without SMOTE to balance the target classes. The Meta-learning approach outperforms traditional models, providing a more accurate prediction of heart attack risk. These results suggest that the meta-learning approach can be used to improve accuracy.
Effects of Aerobic Capacity on Cognitive Functions During Hypoxia
Authors: SAVAS  
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to investigate the role of aerobic capacity on cognitive functions during hypoxic conditions.
Background
Possessing a mishap risk in aviation, acute hypobaric hypoxia has some negative effects on cognitive functions. Therefore, it is important to develop a hypoxia tolerance to preserve the mental functions of pilots against possible hypoxic conditions during flight.
Method
A total of 25 pilot candidates were included in this study. Subjects were dichotomized into two groups as High-fit and Low-fit according to aerobic capacities. Hypoxia was applied at an altitude equivalent pressure of 18,000 ft. Go/NoGo and Digit Span cognitive tests were applied two phases before hypoxia training and during hypoxia.
Results
In the Low-fit group, for the Go/NoGo test parameters mean R-Go reaction time increased significantly during hypoxia when compared to before hypoxia training. Also, in the Low-fit group for Digit Span test parameters the memory span and the sum of correct answers both decreased significantly during hypoxia. In the high-fit group, there has not been any significant difference between the two test parameters during hypoxia.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that if physical fitness has a positive effect on the deterioration of cognitive functions during hypoxia. It could be useful to suggest regular physical exercise habits for aircrew to increase their acute hypoxia tolerances in the aspect of cognitive functions.
Spatial–temporal differentiation and driving factors of water resources green efficiency in the Huaihe River Basin
Authors: He Gang , Jiang Huaiyin , Zhang Shiyu , Bao Keyu , Zhu Yanna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Considering the regional economic and social characteristics and high-quality development goals, this paper improves the calculation method of green efficiency of water resources and adopts the SBM-DEA model to calculate the green efficiency of water resources in 35 cities of four provinces in the Huaihe River Basin. The results show that (1) the green efficiency of water resources in the Huaihe River Basin decreased first and then increased from 2011 to 2020. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the provincial-level divisions of green efficiency of water resources in the Huaihe River Basin from high to low are Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, and Anhui. The elliptical area of green efficiency of water resources keeps expanding, and the efficiency value radiates outward along ‘Yangzhou–Zhengzhou’. (3) At the level of total-factor productivity decomposition, TC (technological change) has a more noticeable impact on factors than EC (efficiency change). TC scale technology changes mainly come from the improvement of MATC (magnitude technical change). (4) Industrial output value has a positive driving effect on the green efficiency of water resources. Government participation, resource endowment, and economic growth rate reflect China's current incongruity between economic development and water resources green efficiency improvement.
Identification and Validation of Synapse-related Hub Genes after Spinal
Cord Injury by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Shi Mengting , Xu Haipeng , Hu Rong , Chen Yi , Wu Xingying , Chen Bowen , Ma Ruijie 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disease with high morbidity and
mortality. Previous studies have shown that abnormally expressed synapse-related genes are closely
related to the occurrence and development of SCI. However, little is known about the interaction
of these aberrantly expressed genes and the molecular mechanisms that play a role in the injury response.
Therefore, deeply exploring the correlation between synapse-related genes and functional
recovery after spinal cord injury and the molecular regulation mechanism is of great significance.

Methods:
First, we selected the function GSE45006 dataset to construct three clinically meaningful
gene modules by hierarchical clustering analysis in 4 normal samples and 20 SCI samples. Subsequently,
we performed functional and pathway enrichment analyses of key modules.

Results:
The results showed that related module genes were significantly enriched in synaptic
structures and functions, such as the regulation of synaptic membranes and membrane potential. A
protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed to identify 10 hub genes of SCI, and the
results showed that Snap25, Cplx1, Stxbp1, Syt1, Rims1, Rab3a, Syn2, Syn1, Cask, Lin7b were
most associated with SCI. Finally, these hub genes were further verified by quantitative real-time
fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the spinal cord tissues of the blank group
and SCI rats, and it was found that the expression of these hub genes was significantly decreased in
the spinal cord injury compared with the blank group (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:
These results suggest that the structure and function of synapses play an important
role after spinal cord injury. Our study helps to understand the underlying pathogenesis of SCI
patients further and identify new targets for SCI treatment.