bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drooling disrupts the brain functional connectivity network in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Huang Ting , Tang Li‐Li , Zhao Jin‐Ying , Shang Song‖an , Chen Yu‐Chen , Tian You‐Yong , Zhang Ying‐Dong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate the causal interaction between significant sensorimotor network (SMN) regions and other brain regions in Parkinson's disease patients with drooling (droolers).MethodsTwenty‐one droolers, 22 PD patients without drooling (non‐droolers), and 22 matched healthy controls underwent 3T‐MRI resting‐state scans. We performed independent component analysis and Granger causality analysis to determine whether significant SMN regions help predict other brain areas. Pearson's correlation was computed between imaging characteristics and clinical characteristics. ROC curves were plotted to assess the diagnostic performance of effective connectivity (EC).ResultsCompared with non‐droolers and healthy controls, droolers showed abnormal EC of the right caudate nucleus (CAU.R) and right postcentral gyrus to extensive brain regions. In droolers, increased EC from the CAU.R to the right middle temporal gyrus was positively correlated with MDS‐UPDRS, MDS‐UPDRS II, NMSS, and HAMD scores; increased EC from the right inferior parietal lobe to CAU.R was positively correlated with MDS‐UPDRS score. ROC curve analysis showed that these abnormal ECs are of great significance in diagnosing drooling in PD.ConclusionThis study identified that PD patients with drooling have abnormal EC in the cortico‐limbic‐striatal‐cerebellar and cortio‐cortical networks, which could be potential biomarkers for drooling in PD.
Pro‐market institutions and labor market outcomes: A panel‐data analysis of U.S. metropolitan areas
Authors: Arif Imran , Dawson John W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe expand previous U.S. state‐level research on the relationship between pro‐market institutions and labor market outcomes by examining this relationship at the U.S. metropolitan‐area level. Using panel data for 1992–2012 in a fixed‐effects model, we investigate the effect of pro‐market institutions on the unemployment rate, labor force participation rate, employment‐population ratio, and employment growth across 366 U.S. metropolitan areas. The results indicate that pro‐market institutions are associated with a lower unemployment rate, higher employment‐population ratio, and faster employment growth. These results suggest that local‐area policies are important for achieving favorable labor market conditions at the local level.
If ‘money matters’, what about the monetary base?
Authors: Congdon Tim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCrucial to the debates on monetarism is the money aggregate relevant to its key propositions, in particular those that relate to the determination of nominal national income and inflation. In his influential work on ‘market monetarism’, Scott Sumner has accorded a privileged position to the monetary base in the key monetarist propositions. This article argues that, on the contrary, in a modern economy the role of cash is so small, as well as so clandestine, that the monetary base does not play any direct role in the determination of national income and inflation.
Host preference and survivorship ofEuschistus herosstrains on cotton and soybean
Authors: Hickmann Frederico , Cordeiro Erick M. Góes , Aurélio Mateus Souza L. , Saldanha Alan Valdir , Corrêa Alberto Soares 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Neotropical brown stink bug,Euschistus heros(Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a key pest of soybean,Glycine max(L.) Merrill (Fabaceae), and recently became an economically important pest of cotton,Gossypium hirsutumL. (Malvaceae), in Brazil. This stink bug has two allopatric strains, one prevalent in southern Brazil (SS), and another in the north (NS). The two strains hybridize in central Brazil. Knowledge of host preferences and host suitability of these strains may clarify the contribution of the various gene pools to contemporary adaptive features such as the ability to harm cotton crops. We tested the attraction of theE. herosstrains and reciprocal hybrids – ♀N × ♂S (HNS) and ♀S × ♂N (HSN) – to soybean and cotton leaves and reproductive structures, and evaluated the nymph development and survivorship of the two strains and reciprocal hybrids fed on soybean or cotton. We conducted host‐choice experiments with fourth instars and adult females and evaluated the survival of immatures on soybean and cotton plants under laboratory conditions. The SS strain preferred soybean over cotton. Hybrid and NS strains chose randomly between soybean and cotton plants. All strains developed on soybean, with similar survival rates. On cotton, pure strains did not reach adulthood; however, hybrids developed on cotton but with a survival rate of <1%. Our results showed that the SS strain ofE. heroswas more attracted to soybeans, and NS and hybrid strains had a polyphagous choice behavior, suggesting that current host selection has been mediated by historical and, mainly, contemporary relationships ofE. herosstrains with these hosts.
Improving the digital capacity of schools by using the SELFIE tool for collective reflection
Authors: Kampylis Panagiotis , Sala Arianna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSchools play a crucial role in preparing students for a technology‐driven world. Although schools incorporate technology for teaching and learning in promising ways, reviewing their organisational strategies would enhance their digital capacity—namely, the effective integration of technology in teaching and learning practices. This article presents insights for improving schools' digital capacity provided by school leaders, teachers, and students from fourteen European countries, through open‐ended questions on the SELFIE online tool for collective reflection. This article presents the thematic analysis conducted on 5247 excerpts collected through SELFIE questionnaires, referring to participants' perceptions of their schools' digital infrastructure, the usefulness of technology for teaching and learning, and the perceived need to make the most of technology. Findings align with international studies, which confirm that schools' digital infrastructure still needs improving, while teachers need more training on embedding technology in their teaching practices. Findings also reveal differences in school leaders, teachers, and students' viewpoints and experiences on technology use in their schools. Comparing viewpoints and experiences regarding a school's digital capacity by using a comprehensive and structured process of collective reflection, the SELFIE tool is unique within the field and can offer insights to school communities, education policymakers and researchers.
Meta‐analysis of the effects of anti‐migraine therapeutics in the rat trigeminovascular nociception model as a tool for design optimization
Authors: Dolgorukova Antonina , Protsenko Ekaterina , Isaeva Julia , Gagloeva Victoria , Verbitskaya Elena , Berkovich Regina , Sokolov Alexey Y. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe main reasons for the low reliability of results from preclinical studies are the lack of prior sample size calculations and poor experimental design. Here, we demonstrate how the tools of meta‐analysis can be implemented to tackle these issues. We conducted a systematic search to identify controlled studies testing established migraine treatments in the electrophysiological model of trigeminovascular nociception (EMTVN). Drug effects on the two outcomes, dural stimulation‐evoked responses and ongoing neuronal activity were analysed separately using a three‐level model with robust variance estimation. According to the meta‐analysis, which included 21 experiments in rats reported in 13 studies, these drugs significantly reduced trigeminovascular nociceptive traffic, affecting both outcomes. Based on the estimated effect sizes and outcome variance, we provide guidance on sample sizes allowing to detect such effects with sufficient power in future experiments. Considering the revealed methodological features that potentially influence the results and the main source of statistical bias of the included studies, we discuss the translational potential of the EMTVN and the steps needed to improve it. We believe that the presented approach can be used for design optimization in research with other animal models and as such deserves further validation.
Active control of stress intensity in the cracked 3D‐printed specimens using shape memory alloy wires
Authors: Ameri Behnam , Taheri‐Behrooz Fathollah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntelligent composite structures are designed to retard crack initiation and growth in a controlled manner using shape memory alloys (SMAs). The crack closure under mixed‐mode I/II conditions in the 3D‐printed specimens reinforced with pre‐strained SMAs is investigated using numerical, analytical, and experimental procedures. The stress intensity factors (SIFs) of the semicircular bending (SCB) samples are theoretically estimated based on the micromechanical model where the wires are entirely perpendicular to the crack planes, and findings are verified with those data obtained using numerical and experimental methods. Stable crack growth, interlayer adhesion, and fracture toughness improvement are obtained in the modified test samples. In terms of strength and fracture toughness, SMA with 1% pre‐strain is introduced as an optimal value in both pure mode I and mixed‐mode I/II conditions.
Impact of body fat accumulation on metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese male young adults
Authors: Miwa Takao , Francisque Cathelencia , Tajirika Satoko , Hanai Tatsunori , Imamura Nanako , Adachi Miho , Horita Ryo , Menezes Lynette J , Kawaguchi Takumi , Shimizu Masahito , Yamamoto Mayumi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) are global concerns. The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between body composition and NAFLD and MAFLD in male young adults.MethodsWe recruited 335 male graduate students from Gifu University who underwent a health checkup in April 2022. The diagnosis of NAFLD and MAFLD was based on health checkup data and ultrasonography. Muscle and fat mass were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and demonstrated as skeletal muscle mass index and fat mass index (FMI), respectively. We assessed factors associated with NAFLD and MAFLD using the logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest analyses.ResultsThe median age of the participants was 22 years, and 9% were overweight or obese (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2), 8% had MAFLD, and 16% had NAFLD. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, FMI was independently associated with NAFLD (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–1.75; p < 0.001) and MAFLD (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.51–2.46; p < 0.001). The decision tree and random forest analyses revealed that the strongest classifier for NAFLD and MAFLD was FMI. Additional analyses among nonobese individuals also showed the strong relationship between FMI, NAFLD, and MAFLD.ConclusionOur study revealed that fat accumulation plays a key role in the development of NAFLD and MAFLD in male young adults, even in nonobese individuals. The results could shed new light on the pathophysiology of NAFLD and MAFLD in young adults.
Functional heterogeneity of human skin‐resident memory T cells in health and disease
Authors: Strobl Johanna , Haniffa Muzlifah 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThe human skin is populated by a diverse pool of memory T cells, which can act rapidly in response to pathogens and cancer antigens. Tissue‐resident memory T cells (TRM) have been implicated in range of allergic, autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. Clonal expansion of cells with TRM properties is also known to contribute to cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Here, we review the heterogeneous phenotypes, transcriptional programs, and effector functions of skin TRM. We summarize recent studies on TRM formation, longevity, plasticity, and retrograde migration and contextualize the findings to skin TRM and their role in maintaining skin homeostasis and altered functions in skin disease.
Nondestructive characterization of grain boundary Z‐directional lateral surface in ZnO using nanorobot combined with SEM
Authors: Cao Ning , Shen Feiling , Li Hengyu , Xie Shaorong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDifferent from focusing on grain boundary upper surface in plane X–Y, a unique approach of nanorobot‐based nondestructive characterization of grain boundary Z‐directional lateral surface within bulk ZnO ceramic can be creatively developed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). By rolling‐over bulk ZnO, two‐dimensional profiles and grain boundaries in Z‐directional lateral surfaces have been imaged in plane Y–Z and individually electrically characterized nondestructively. Experiments demonstrate that it is feasible to realize nondestructive characterization of grain boundary Z‐directional lateral surface structures and electrical properties using nanorobot combined with SEM. Relative height differences between grain boundaries within Z‐directional lateral surface can characterize the relative position relationships. Z‐directional lateral surface structures can further extend irregular grain boundary lengths in plane Y–Z to interpret surface effects of nonlinear electrical properties. Relative minor electrical reactive effects in grain indicate grain boundary dominate in nonlinear macroscopic electrical properties. Furtherly, it can be advanced to promote a nondestructive characterization of grain boundary.
Motivational dynamics and impact on performances: The case of physicians of university polyclinics in the NHS scenario
Authors: Albanesi Rosa , Gitto Lara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRationaleThe principle of inseparability of teaching, academic research and assistance to patients, to which university physicians are subject in carrying out their work, invites reflection, aimed at identifying a combination of the three activities characterised, at the same time, by efficiency and effectiveness.Aims and ObjectivesThe present paper illustrates a paradigm based on the balance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations with the purpose of identifying an efficient solution in the performance of the duties of university doctors.MethodsThe analysis refers to Italy in terms of the main scenario, or, conversely, the achievement of more profit‐related goals.Results and ConclusionDepending on the prevailing goal, it is possible to recognise the superiority of the constitutional principles.
Effects of different temperatures and diets on nutritional and bio‐functional components in the juvenile lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus)
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Xueling , Zhang Dong , Lin Tingting , Li Siping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA two‐factorial experiment (temperature with three levels: 23°C, 25.5°C and 28°C; diet with four kinds: live Artemia sp., copepods, live Artemia sp. + copepods and frozen Neomysis awatschensis [FNA]) was carried out to evaluate the effects of different temperatures and diets on biochemistry in the juvenile lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) for thirty days. The juveniles (n = 1260, body height: 5.1 ± 0.48 cm, initial wet weight: 0.42 ± 0.14 g) were distributed in 36 experimental aquaria (35 individuals each). Each treatment had 3 replicates. On day 30, the seahorses were vacuum freeze‐dried at −56°C before chemical analysis. Amino acids, fatty acids, Se, Zn, nucleosides, and nucleotides were measured in the present study. The results show that temperature, diet, and their interaction significantly affected all components. The content of amino acids and fatty acids in the juveniles fed FNA at 23°C was the highest. The content of Zn in the juveniles fed FNA at 23°C, and the content of Se fed Artemia sp. + copepod at 25.5°C were the highest, respectively. The content of uracil, adenine, and thymidine in the juveniles at 23°C was significantly lower than those treatments at 25.5°C and 28°C. The levels of uracil, guanine, cytosine, uridine, and guanosine at 28°C were significantly higher than those at 23°C or 25.5°C when fed Artemia sp. + copepod. The juveniles fed Artemia sp. + copepod and Artemia sp. at 28°C has the highest comprehensive scores of nucleoside and nucleotide. In conclusion, FNA is the best feed to improve the content of amino acids, fatty acids, and Zn at 23°C.
All in one: single‐season multi‐clutching in an ephemeral pool‐breeding frog that is otherwise virtually semelparous
Authors: Gould J , Clulow J , Rippon P , Upton R , Clulow S 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe sandpaper frog,Lechriodus fletcheri, is a temperate anuran that has previously been shown to be virtually semelparous, with adults overwhelmingly reproducing in a single year of life. Yet, this species almost exclusively oviposits in highly ephemeral pools where there is a high chance of total reproductive failure due to hydroperiods often being unpredictable and too short for their offspring to reach metamorphosis. We sought to understand howL. fletchericopes reproductively in such a risky breeding environment in the absence of a classical iteroparous life history. We investigated aspects of reproduction in wild and laboratory‐reared individuals to determine whether females are capable of intra‐seasonal multi‐clutching and/or clutch partitioning, and males of fertilizing multiple clutches. Direct field evidence was obtained that males participated in multiple mating events within season, while indirect evidence of this ability in females was obtained based on laboratory‐held individuals that produced an additional batch of mature oocytes weeks after an initial release of eggs. Our findings suggest that both males and females likely have the capacity to participate in multiple reproductive events within season and, while most adults may not reproduce more than once, that they are abbreviate iteroparous rather than truly semelparous. Our findings provide evidence that short‐lived anurans may exploit alternative bet‐hedging strategies that mimic the fitness benefits of multi‐year iteroparity.
Widespread introgression of MHC genes in Iberian Podarcis lizards
Authors: Gaczorek Tomasz Sebastian , Chechetkin Mateusz , Dudek Katarzyna , Caeiro‐Dias Guilherme , Crochet Pierre‐André , Geniez Philippe , Pinho Catarina , Babik Wiesław 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are crucial for the adaptive immune response of jawed vertebrates. Their variation, reaching extreme levels, is driven mainly by an arms race between hosts and pathogens. One hypothesised mechanism contributing to MHC polymorphism is adaptive introgression, the exchange of genetic variants between hybridising species favoured by selection, yet its effect on MHC variation is poorly understood. Detection of adaptive MHC introgression, though challenging, may be facilitated by the analysis of species complexes forming multiple hybrid zones. Here, we investigated MHC introgression in six hybrid zones formed by seven species of Podarcis lizards inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula. To differentiate adaptive introgression from neutral introgression, we compared the patterns of gene exchange in MHC and genome‐wide markers. We found elevated sharing of MHC alleles in the proximity of contact beyond the areas of detectable genome‐wide admixture in most hybrid zones and, in half of them, asymmetric MHC exchange. In general, the elevated MHC allele sharing between species pairs with abutting ranges compared to geographically isolated species pairs also supports the prevalence of introgression. Collectively, our results demonstrate widespread MHC introgression in the Iberian Podarcis complex and suggest its adaptiveness. Contrary to previous results from Triturus newts, we did not observe differences in the rate of introgression between MHC classes. Our work adds support to the emerging view of adaptive introgression as a key mechanism shaping MHC diversity. It also raises questions about the effect of elevated MHC variation and factors leading to the asymmetry of adaptive introgression.
The good, the bad, and the phosphate: regulation of beneficial and detrimental plant–microbe interactions by the plant phosphate status
Authors: Paries Michael , Gutjahr Caroline 
Published: May 2023

SummaryPhosphate (Pi) is indispensable for life on this planet. However, for sessile land plants it is poorly accessible. Therefore, plants have developed a variety of strategies for enhanced acquisition and recycling of Pi. The mechanisms to cope with Pi limitation as well as direct uptake of Pi from the substrate via the root epidermis are regulated by a conserved Pi starvation response (PSR) system based on a family of key transcription factors (TFs) and their inhibitors. Furthermore, plants obtain Pi indirectly through symbiosis with mycorrhiza fungi, which employ their extensive hyphal network to drastically increase the soil volume that can be explored by plants for Pi. Besides mycorrhizal symbiosis, there is also a variety of other interactions with epiphytic, endophytic, and rhizospheric microbes that can indirectly or directly influence plant Pi uptake. It was recently discovered that the PSR pathway is involved in the regulation of genes that promote formation and maintenance of AM symbiosis. Furthermore, the PSR system influences plant immunity and can also be a target of microbial manipulation. It is known for decades that the nutritional status of plants influences the outcome of plant–microbe interactions. The first molecular explanations for these observations are now emerging.
Beyond Linguistic Relativity, Emotion Concepts Illustrate How Meaning is Contextually and Individually Variable
Authors: Hoemann Katie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKemmerer describes grounded accounts of cognition and, using crosslinguistic diversity across conceptual domains, argues that these accounts entail linguistic relativity. In this comment, I extend Kemmerer's position to the domain of emotion. Emotion concepts exemplify characteristics highlighted by grounded accounts of cognition and differ by culture and language. Recent research further demonstrates considerable situation‐ and person‐specific differences. Based on this evidence, I argue that emotion concepts carry unique implications for variation in meaning and experience, entailing a relativity that is contextual and individual in addition to linguistic. I conclude by considering what such pervasive relativity means for interpersonal understanding.
Deformation and Durability of Soft Three-Dimensional-Printed Polycarbonate Urethane Porous Membranes for Potential Use in Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Bachtiar Emilio Omar , Knight Katrina , Moalli Pamela , Gall Ken 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is the herniation of the pelvic organs into the vaginal space, resulting in the feeling of a bulge and organ dysfunction. Treatment of POP often involves repositioning the organs using a polypropylene mesh, which has recently been found to have relatively high rates of complications. Complications have been shown to be related to stiffness mismatches between the vagina and polypropylene, and unstable knit patterns resulting in mesh deformations with mechanical loading. To overcome these limitations, we have three-dimensional (3D)-printed a porous, monofilament membrane composed of relatively soft polycarbonate-urethane (PCU) with a stable geometry. PCU was chosen for its tunable properties as it is comprised of both hard and soft segments. The bulk mechanical properties of PCU were first characterized by testing dogbone samples, demonstrating the dependence of PCU mechanical properties on its measurement environment and the effect of print pathing. The pore dimensions and load-relative elongation response of the 3D-printed PCU membranes under monotonic tensile loading were then characterized. Finally, a fatigue study was performed on the 3D-printed membrane to evaluate durability, showing a similar fatigue resistance with a commercial synthetic mesh and hence its potential as a replacement.