bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A compact in-situ polarized 3He system for neutron scattering
Authors: Tang Jian , Wang Bin , Huang Chuyi , Gao Han , Zheng Qingbo , Liu Renhong , Ye Fan , Qin Zecong , Wang Tianhao , Salman Ahmed , Dong Yuchen , Tian Long , Deng Changdong , Li Jun , Liu Lei , Qi Xin , Zhang Junpei , Tong Xin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The performance of a new compact (55 cm × 56 cm × 48 cm) in-situ spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) 3He-neutron spin filter (NSF) system developed at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is presented. The enclosed NSF cell, filled with 2.53 bar 3He, was born with a 3He polarization of around 60%. After subsequent improvements to the magnetic field and heating system, this in-situ system is able to achieve 75.66%±0.09% 3He polarization, resulting in a 96.30% neutron polarization at 2 Å. This highly compact in-situ system is equipped with self-supportive features, pre-pumping capabilities, polarization maintenance, and low-noise Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) system. These advantages significantly reduce the preparation time and simplify the processes in polarized neutron experiments, allowing it to be adopted on various neutron beamlines in China, especially those with limited sample space. These characteristics establish it as a quasi-standardized system, playing a vital role in polarized neutron experiments including polarized neutron imaging, neutron reflection, the performance calibration of polarized neutron instruments, Neutron Optics Parity and Time Reversal EXperiment (NOPTREX).
Electromagnetic energy associated with magnetic vortices in superconductor/paramagnet heterostructures
Authors: Genenko Yuri , Rauh Hermann 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Redistribution of the transport current in a superconductor affected by paramagnetic shields provides a possibility of strongly overcritical states and a drastic reduction of AC losses in thin superconductor films and tubes. Such superconductors subject to para- or diamagnetic shielding are studied by means of the potential theory and the critical state model when carrying a transport current or exposed to an external magnetic field. Analytical results are obtained for a number of shielding geometries and confirmed by numerical solutions. It is shown that using magnetostatic-electrostatic analogies allows consideration of paramagnetic shielding configurations of arbitrary shapes and magnetic permeabilities by means of common finite-element solvers to enhance the dissipation-free transport currents in superconductors and reduce AC losses in them. Furthermore, using the generalized London theory, the penetration of magnetic flux into magnetically shielded bulk superconductors is studied and the enhancement of the Bean-Livingston barrier is established.
We-experiences
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Social reality contains many different types of social formations. Some involve emotional contagion, others involve we-experiences and the adoption of a strong we-perspective. But what does it mean for individuals to come together as a we? This chapter considers a proposal that can be found in the work of Gerda Walther. Walther distinguishes between we-experiences that involve direct social interaction and the co-presence of the participants, and group-based experiences that one can have even when others are absent. In both cases, however, constituting a we together with others isn’t merely a question of possessing certain common objective properties, nor is it enough to be in the same kind of intentional state and be directed at the same kind of object. Rather, for Walther, constituting a we together with others involves processes of identification that transform the very ownership of the experiences.
Basic Selfhood
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There has been, and continues to be, much controversy about the nature and structure of both self-consciousness and selfhood. But even a cursory look at the ongoing discussions should make it clear that distinctions are needed since there are not only different types of self-consciousness but also different dimensions of selfhood. Departing from an analysis of the subjective or first-personal character of phenomenal consciousness, this chapter defends the existence of pre-reflective self-consciousness, introduces the notion of a minimal experiential self, replies to a variety of objections that have been raised against this view, and argues that the notion in question is indispensable for a proper understanding of the we.
Dyads and Triads
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
You can constitute a we together with your partner, your family, your friends, your professional group, your local community, and your national community. But these are different kinds of we, and some of them affect our self-identity in much stronger ways than others. The chapter first discusses different types of dyadic we-relationships, including romantic partnerships, and then expands the scope by considering what happens the moment a dyad becomes a triad. Drawing on the works of Simmel, Berger and Luckmann, and Sartre, it is argued that the addition of a third transforms the we-relationship. A triad does not only have a different level of complexity than a dyad, it also has more entitativity, and if we are to understand the constitution of a superindividual we, one that can survive membership change, the analysis of the triad offers important clues.
Graves
Authors: King Laura 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the meanings of graves and other sites of human remains, such as scattered ashes, in the process of connecting with and remembering the dead. It examines a few individual stories in depth, such as Jean Barker, who lost access to her parents’ grave, and Bill Rollinson, who tried to find the grave of his baby sister who died before he was born. It argues that choice and control were crucial to these families in the use of graves and other sites, and that such places not only formed sites of memory for the individuals buried there, but also a means to connect to ideas of family history and heritage.
Researching
Authors: King Laura 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This book is based on the research of fifteen family historians: this chapter takes that research process itself as a subject, analysing the ways in which family history has become an increasingly popular way to form connections with the dead and the past. Whether a relative or ancestor was known personally or not, family historians found the research process often emotional and meaningful, which helped them to pay tribute to deceased family members. This chapter explores why family history has been meaningful—or not—and the shapes it has taken over the past century. It suggests research offered a lot when there were few other traces of the past, and that family history might have changed in its methodologies, but shows a lot of continuity of past practices of recording family life.
How to Think about Politics
Authors: Allen Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It can be easy to feel overwhelmed by politics. It is a huge subject, leaving its imprint on every aspect of the world and people’s lives. It is also the most fitful political situation that most people can remember. Norms are shattering, assumptions long taken for granted have been undermined, and events are moving so fast that it is hard to keep on top of it all. At a time when it feels that people really need to grasp what is going on, it is getting progressively harder to do so. But what if everyone already has the ability to make sense of politics? What if it is possible to look past the mess of names and opinion polls and statistics and instead focus on the fundamentals of politics that are rooted in everyone’s daily lives? Instead of trying to keep up, this book advises people to pause and step back. Think bigger. Think deeper. Rather than repeatedly getting caught in the swirl of day-to-day politics, what if it was possible to cultivate a set of tools and perspectives with which to interpret what is going on? By exploring five key political ideas—power, knowledge, presence, possibility, and the question of what we want—this book provides ways to think more systematically about politics, to better hold power to account, and to more clearly articulate hopes for the future.
Breathe the Air
Authors: Allen Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This introductory chapter motivates the book and sketches an outline of the five main chapters that follow. It begins with a discussion of the idea of ‘polycrisis’ a term used by some social scientists to describe the intersection of challenges and crises faced by advanced democracies in the twenty first century. It then introduces the fundamental political ideas that are the focus of the book — power, knowledge, representation, the question of what individuals want, and possibility. Overall, the chapter states the premise for the book: that these fundamental ideas remain useful when thinking about contemporary politics and that they are ideas that almost everybody already thinks about in their daily lives, whether they realise it or not.
Evaluation of RCV Elections
Authors: Endersby James W , Towle Michael J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the macro- or election-level effects of ranked choice voting (RCV) in recent municipal elections in the United States. These effects include topics of candidate competition, so-called wasted votes, majoritarian outcomes, and voter turnout. Building on existing knowledge reviewing a handful of cases, the election results of over 500 public officials in twenty-one cities from 2001 to 2020 allow empirical tests of these fundamental claims. Turnout tends to increase when RCV is introduced, but it declines later. Similarly, candidate competition does not increase over the long term. The concept of wasted votes or, for RCV, exhausted ballots or nontransferable votes is measured, and its incidence is dependent on several factors including the number of candidates and the rounds of counting. An empirical assessment is conducted of whether RCV elections truly produce majoritarian candidates, suggesting cases without a first-round majority winner infrequently produce majority winners among all voters.
‘Old Man Machiavelli’
Authors: Tendi Blessing-Miles 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter reveals the principal motives and catalyst for Zimbabwe’s 2017 coup. Zimbabwean coup-makers asserted they were wholly responsible for the preparation and execution of the coup, and they insisted the coup’s motives emanated from domestic politics. There were four main coup motives: the military generals’ disgruntlement with Mugabe’s downgrading of 1970s liberation-struggle actors and values in ZANU PF; Mugabe’s perceived weakening authority in the military, ruling party, and government; some generals’ personal ambitions in politics and the military; and insecurity in the military’s upper ranks caused by conditions of precarious job tenure and fear of criminal prosecution. Gender overlapped with some of these motives, which fortifies the argument in Chapter 2 that coups are acutely gendered operations. The chapter confirms Samuel Finer’s observation that coup motivations are often mixed, and the composite factors generally case specific. The chapter also identifies the coup’s catalyst.
A Coup’s Fruition
Authors: Tendi Blessing-Miles 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter is a counterpoint to game theory models of coup dynamics that discount ideas and beliefs as influential in the accomplishment of coups. It argues that Zimbabwe’s 2017 coup was a vote of no confidence in Robert Mugabe’s presidency by former 1970s liberation war veterans who held decisive army and air force command posts when the coup occurred. The enduring resonance of gendered ideas, as well as beliefs derived from traditional religion, in the military, which both have substantial roots in Zimbabwe’s liberation struggle, among independence war veterans in the army and air force helps explain why they broadly agreed to support the coup, and why the coup was not reversed by armed actors with liberation war experience in the military. Ideas and beliefs are significant determinants of coup success. The chapter employs ‘a feminist curiosity’, to expose the profoundly gendered character of ideas that helped ensure the coup’s success.
Finish what we Started
Authors: Tendi Blessing-Miles 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter maintains that Zimbabwean coup-makers’ diplomacy altered the responses of external actors to the 2017 coup. However, the chapter’s argument on this point emphasizes that the coup-makers’ alteration of the reactions of external actors was only partially successful. The responses of African leaders to Zimbabwe’s 2017 coup were individually complex and not uniform. At best, coup-makers’ diplomacy divided views on how the AU should respond to the Zimbabwean coup, and this went some way towards ensuring a disjointed and ineffectual response by the AU leadership. The chapter also argues that particular internal characteristics of the AU were fertile ground for Zimbabwean coup-makers’ diplomacy. These internal factors were not part of Zimbabwean generals’ calculations, underlining the importance of fortuna in coup success. Finally, the chapter argues that SADC did not necessarily support the coup. Instead, Zimbabwe’s 2017 coup exposed how SADC is ill equipped for responding timeously to complicated and rapidly unfolding political crises
Sources of THz Radiation
Authors: Doucas George 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The THz part of the spectrum (0.03–3.0 mm) is a band that attracts a lot of interest because of its applications in many areas of science and technology, from astrophysics to security applications. These applications are reviewed briefly in the first part of this chapter, which then proceeds to discuss in somewhat greater detail the basic characteristics of the existing sources of THz radiation. These are characterized as thermal, gas lasers, semiconductor lasers, or free electron sources. Greater emphasis is placed on the description of free electron sources, which include Free Electron Lasers and synchrotron radiation sources, since a grating-based source would also be classified as a free electron one.
Impact of Daytime and Nighttime Blood Pressure and Nocturnal Blood Pressure Fall on Heart Failure Risk in Treated Hypertension
Authors: Coccina Francesca , Salles Gil F , Hermida Ramón C , Banegas José R , Bastos José M , Cardoso Claudia R L , Salles Guilherme C , Mojon Artemio , Fernandez José R , Sanchez-Martinez Mercedes , Costa Carlos , Carvalho Simão , Faia Joao , Pierdomenico Sante D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND
To evaluate the impact of daytime, nighttime and nocturnal blood pressure (BP) fall on heart failure (HF).

METHODS
We analyzed data of five cohorts including 15,526 treated hypertensive patients, experiencing 625 HF events, by study-level meta-analysis. The pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for 1-SD increase in BP parameters or per group were calculated.

RESULTS
When individually analyzed after adjustment for covariates, clinic systolic BP (SBP) (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.43), daytime SBP (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.70), nighttime SBP (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20-1.71), nighttime diastolic BP (DBP) (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.52), % of nocturnal SBP fall (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75-0.88) and nondipping (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.54-1.98) were associated with HF. If daytime or nighttime BPs were further adjusted for clinic BP results remained similar. When clinic, daytime and nighttime BPs were mutually adjusted, nighttime SBP (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.27-1.61) and nighttime DBP (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.14-1.64) remained associated with outcome. Heterogeneity across cohorts was explained by BP, sex and follow-up duration. In sensitivity analyses, for daytime and nighttime BP, no study had relevant influential effect on overall estimates. Looking for publication bias and adjusting for missing studies by Duval and Tweedie’s method, clinic SBP lost significance but daytime SBP, and nighttime SBP and DBP remained significantly associated with HF.

CONCLUSIONS
daytime and nighttime BPs are stronger than clinic BP in predicting HF, nighttime BP is stronger than daytime BP and a reduced nocturnal BP fall is associated with outcome.
Jurisdiction and admissibility in international commercial arbitration: back to basics
Authors: Leung Thomas , To Christopher K H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the recent case of CBI Constructors Pty Ltd v Chevron Australia Pty Ltd [2024] HCA 28, the High Court of Australia, by a majority of five to two, did not follow the approach of the English, Singapore, and Hong Kong courts in adopting the jurisdiction/admissibility distinction in determining the court’s scope of curial intervention under the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. Instead, the majority looked at the issue simply as a matter of the parties’ consent to arbitrate. This note examines the differences between the majority and the minority, argues that the majority’s consent-based analysis cannot be faulted and concludes by exploring how such an understanding can be tied back to the provisions of the UNCITRAL Model Law.
Genomic characterization of Huntington’s disease genetic modifiers informs drug target tractability
Authors: Namuli Kevin Lucy , Slike Alana N , Hollebeke Mason A , Wright Galen E B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Huntington’s disease is caused by a CAG repeat in the HTT gene. Repeat length correlates inversely with the age of onset but only explains part of the observed clinical variability. Genome-wide association studies highlight DNA repair genes in modifying disease onset, but further research is required to identify causal genes and evaluate their tractability as drug targets. To address these gaps and learn important preclinical information, we analysed genome-wide association study data from a large Huntington’s disease age-of-onset study (n = 9064), prioritizing robust candidate Huntington’s disease modifier genes using bioinformatic approaches and analysing related information for these genes from large-scale human genetic repositories. We supplemented this information with other Huntington’s disease–related screens, including exome studies of Huntington’s disease onset and high-throughput assessments of mHTT toxicity. To confirm whether Huntington’s disease modifiers are shared across repeat expansion disorders, we also analysed age-of-onset genome-wide association study data from X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism caused by a (CCCTCT)n expansion. We also studied modifier-related associations with rare diseases to inform potential off-target therapeutic effects and conducted comprehensive phenome-wide studies to identify other traits linked to these genes. Finally, we evaluated the aggregated human genetic evidence and theoretical druggability of the prioritized Huntington’s disease modifier genes, including characteristics recently associated with clinical trial stoppage due to safety concerns (i.e. human genetic constraint, number of interacting partners and RNA tissue expression specificity). In total, we annotated and assessed nine robust candidate Huntington’s disease modifier genes. Notably, we detected a high correlation (R2 = 0.78) in top age-of-onset genome-wide association study hits across repeat expansion disorders, emphasizing cross-disorder relevance. Clinical genetic repositories analysis showed DNA repair genes, such as MLH1, PMS2 and MSH3, are associated with cancer phenotypes, suggesting potential limitations as drug targets. LIG1 and RRM2B were both associated with neurofibrillary tangles, which may provide a link to a potential role in mHTT aggregates, while MSH3 was associated with several cortical morphology-related traits relevant to Huntington’s disease. Finally, human genetic evidence and theoretical druggability analyses prioritized and ranked modifier genes, with PMS1 exhibiting the most favourable profile. Notably, HTT itself ranked poorly as a theoretical drug target, emphasizing the importance of exploring modifier-based alternative targets. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of human genomic information to prioritize Huntington’s disease modifier genes as drug targets, providing a basis for future therapeutic development in Huntington’s disease and other repeat expansion disorders.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of smoking behaviour with central arterial haemodynamic measures: the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Cooper Leroy L , Majid Sana , Wang Na , Fetterman Jessica L , Palmisano Joseph N , Benjamin Emelia J , Vasan Ramachandran S , Mitchell Gary F , Hamburg Naomi M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
To assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of smoking behaviour with central arterial haemodynamic measures in samples of the Framingham Heart Study.

Methods and results
In 6597 participants [3606 (55%) women, 51.5% never smoked, 34.8% formerly quit, 4.3% recently quit, and 9.3% currently smoking], we assessed relations of smoking behaviour with central arterial measures using multivariable linear regression models. In cross-sectional models, central arterial measures were different across smoking behaviour groups. Particularly, augmentation index (AI) was higher among participants who formerly quit smoking (least squares mean ± standard error = 14.1 ± 0.4%; P &lt; 0.001) and were currently smoking (18.1 ± 0.5%; P &lt; 0.001) compared with participants who never smoked (12.6 ± 0.3%). Among participants currently smoking, higher cigarettes per day [B = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47–2.34] were associated with higher AI. Among participants who had quit smoking, higher pack-years were associated with higher AI (B = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.60–1.14) and central pulse pressure (B = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.46–1.21). Using restricted cubic splines, we observed a negative linear association for AI, but non-linear associations for characteristic impedance and central pulse pressure, with higher time since quit (all P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, we observed non-linear patterns of central arterial measures with smoking cessation by smoking burden (&lt;20 vs. ≥20 pack-years). In longitudinal models, we observed higher increases in AI among participants who persistently quit (4.62 ± 0.41%; P &lt; 0.001) and persistently smoked (5.48 ± 0.70%; P = 0.002) compared with participants who never smoked (3.45 ± 0.37%).

Conclusion
Central arterial measures are sensitive to differences and changes in smoking behaviour. Longer cessation may revert central arterial measures to levels observed with lower smoking exposure.