bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sargassum sp. as a Bio-Fertilizer: Is It Really a Key Towards Sustainable Agriculture for the Bahamas?
Authors: Adderley Aaliyah , Wallace Shonnel , Stubbs Danica , Bowen-O’Connor Clare , Ferguson Joseph , Watson Carlton , Gustave Williamson 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Macroalgae blooms (Sargassum sp.) occur annually in the Bahamas due to the integration of various events related to human intercession with the roles of algae in biogeochemical cycles. These blooms are of great concern, as they are associated with many negative effects; thus, the primary aims of this study were to assess the quality of soils collected from South, Central, and North Long Island, and to determine if Sargassumsp. can be used as a biofertilizer for soils on Long Island. A 60-day pot trial method was established to determine the efficacy of different concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10%) of Sargassum sp. as a biofertilizer on cherry tomato cultivation. Additionally, the soil quality prior and after fertilizer amendment was evaluated.
Results The results show that Sargassum sp. increased nutrient content of the soil, specifically nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus; however, plant growth performance parameters (plant height, leaf number, bud number, flower number, and root and shoot weights) were negatively impacted.
Conclusions Due to the obtained results, it is recommended that serious consideration be taken when utilizing Sargassum sp. as a biofertilizer because the pH and type of soil in Long Island, Bahamas affects the bioavailability of the nutrients in algae.
Impact Assessment of Main Stem Elongation and Wind Speed on Lodging of Soybean Cultivar 'Miyagishirome'
Authors: Tomohiro Konno , Homma Koki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Problem: Soybean lodging (plants that fall over) results in a 9–34% yield loss. In Japan, there is high demand for indigenous cultivars, and it is often difficult to switch to lodging-resistant cultivars. As a countermeasure against lodging, "pinching", which is pruning the upper part of the trunk when overgrowth is expected, is attracting attention. However, pinching reduces the yield when the risk of lodging is low. Therefore, it is important to determine the risk of lodging before pinching is implemented. Although previous studies have shown that lodging is caused by the effects of main stem length and wind speed, there are still some questions that require clarification, e.g., the growth stages that have a high influence on lodging.
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of main stem elongation and wind speed on lodging for the establishment of a future method to predict lodging.
Methods: We used data obtained from experimental plots with different cultivation management in the years 2018, 2020, and 2021 (n = 32). The cultivar tested was “Miyagishirome”, which is a major cultivar in Miyagi Prefecture and has characteristics that make it easy for lodging. The lodging angles were studied at R3 and R8, and classified the R3 lodging as the “Early lodging” and the R8 lodging as the “Late lodging”.
Results: In the multiple regression analysis of “Early lodging”, the main stem length was not significant, only wind speed was significant at the 0.1% level. In the “Late lodging”, the effect of main stem elongation from V6 to R1 was high, and the result of a single regression analysis was R2 = 0.70 (p <0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the R2 (R2 = 0.81) was highest in the model with R6 main stem length added as an explanatory variable, and wind speed was not significant.
Conclusion: The results indicated that “Early lodging” was strongly affected by wind speed, and “Late lodging” was strongly affected by main stem elongation (especially the main stem elongation from V6 to R1), resulting in more severe lodging.
Implication: Prediction of main stem elongation after V6 should be focused for judging the application of pinching as a countermeasure of late lodging.
The ArLAR Rheumatology Workforce:
Current Status, Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Needs
Authors: Ziade Nelly , Hmamouchi Ihsane , Haouichat Chafika , Baron Fatemah , Mayouf Sulaiman Al , Abdulateef Nizar , masri Basel , Rakawi Manal El , Kibbi Lina El , Mashaleh Manal El , Elzorkany Bassel , Saleh Jamal Al , Dejaco Christian , Abutiban Fatemah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
The Arab League of Associations for Rheumatology (ArLAR) Research Group (ARCH) conducted this study to investigate the number of current practicing rheumatologists in the Arab countries, to estimate the number of rheumatologists in 10 years, and to evaluate the current workload, practice profile, consultation waiting time and geographical mobilities of these rheumatologists.
Methods
This cross-sectional survey study was conducted in 16 Arab countries in two parts. The first survey was addressed to national societies to estimate the current and projected workforce. The second was an anonymous e-survey elaborated by the study steering committee on the Google Forms platform and distributed to Arab rheumatologists using social media, WhatsApp, and mass e-mails to evaluate their practice.
Results
The mean number of rheumatologists in Arab countries was 0.84 per 100,000 inhabitants (mean age 47.5 years, 55% females), ranging from 0.06 in Sudan to 1.86 in Tunisia. The number of rheumatologists is expected to increase by 50% in 2032. Nevertheless, a 20% increase in population associated with an increase in demand is also expected.
Data from 446 rheumatologists (mean age 43.9 years, 60.5% females) revealed that 72% worked full-time, and 53% were employed in the public sector only. The average waiting time for a rheumatology consultation was 19.9 days. Of 394 rheumatologists, 19% obtained their rheumatology diplomas from non-Arab countries, and 47% of Gulf rheumatologists were non-citizen physicians.
Conclusion
Considering local demographic disparities, healthcare system differences, and geographical mobilities, national authorities are advised to implement effective intervention plans to optimize the rheumatology workforce.
Comparision of a Novel Trifocal Intraocular Lens and a Monofocal Enhanced Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens in Visual Performance and Quality of Life Scores
Authors: Talan¹ Mustafa , Penbe Aysegul , Akçay Güzide 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of trifocal and monofocal intraocular lens with enhanced depth of focus implantations
Methods
40 patients who had bilateral implantation of the trifocal or monofocal extended depth of focus intaocular lenses after phacoemulsification were included in the study. The preoperative and postoperative examination findings were analyzed. At the 6th postoperative month, binocular defocus curves, contrast sensitivity measurements, subjective complaints, spectacles independence, and the quality of life questionnaire results of the VF-14 questionnaire were also examined.
Results
While distance and intermediate visual acuities were similar at 6 months postoperatively, near visual acuities were found to be statistically significantly better in the trifocal group. The contrast sensitivity values were found to be statistically better in the edof group. In the trifocal group, 25% of the patients had low-intensity and 5% of the patients had moderate intensity of photopic complaints respectively, while 10% of the patients in the edof group had low-intensity photopic complaints. While spectacles independence could be achieved in all patients in the trifocal group, in the edof group, 80% of patients needed spectacles. When examining VF-14 test values without spectacles, it was found that the values of the trifocal group were significantly higher.
Conclusions
Trifocal group performed better at near, although far and intermediate vision was comparable between the groups. On the other hand, a higher rate of photic phenomena was observed in the trifocal group.
Trial registration:
Retrospectively registered
Approaches to switching between insulin product with different insulin active substance
Authors: Demidova T. Y. , Dranitsyna M. A. , Niyazov R. R. , Vasiliev A. N. , Gavrishina E. V. 
Published: June 2023

In health care emergencies, it may be necessary to switch a patient from one medicine to another to ensure continuity of care and to keep the patient stable. Such a switch can sometimes be difficult to achieve, especially in the case of medical products requiring individualized dose selection, such as insulin preparations. In Russia, there are no clear recommendations for switching from one insulin preparation to another in such situations. For this reason, foreign experience of switching from one insulin product to another was analyzed in conditions when the supply of the patient’s main insulin product was interrupted for various reasons. Based on the results of the literature review, it was found that the practice of replacing an insulin preparation based on one active ingredient with an insulin preparation with another active ingredient or an insulin preparation with a certain ratio of active ingredients with an insulin preparation with the same active ingredients but in a different ratio is quite common abroad. The experience obtained by foreign researchers has been systematized, and based on this work, algorithms have been proposed to help make appropriate replacement or switching decisions. Some of the proposed algorithms were further formalized, and recommendations were developed by well-known foreign agencies involved in the regulation of drug circulation, as well as by the World Health Organization. The results of this analysis may help to develop domestic approaches to insulin product replacement in health care emergencies.
The role of triglyceride-glucose index in predicting cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Demidova T. Yu. , Izmaylova M. Ya. , Belova K. M. 
Published: June 2023

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a global medical and social problem, which, in terms of population coverage around the world, is becoming a pandemic. The main cause of premature death in patients with type 2 diabetes is diseases of the cardiovascular system. The presence of diabetes is associated with an increase in the risk of developing coronary heart disease by two-four times, and every sixth patient has signs of myocardial infarction in the past. The risk of developing ASCVD in patients with type 2 diabetes is early onset, rapid progression, and asymptomatic course. It is known that patients with type 2 diabetes develop ASCVD 8–10 years earlier than people of the same age group who do not have diabetes. Along with chronic hyperglycemia, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes is dyslipidemia, which occurs in 30–40% of patients. Insulin resistance, the state of chronic hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia play a key role in the development of the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. The TyG index and the parameter of non-HDL-C have convincingly established themselves as predictors of the development of CVD, as well as markers reflecting signs of the presence of independent factors of the metabolic syndrome that increase the risk of CVD. Conducted clinical studies have confirmed the predictive value of these parameters in relation to CVD. This review focuses on the pathogenesis, development mechanisms, and methods for correcting lipid disorders that underlie the development of CV complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
miR-204-5p Plays a Critical Role in the Pathogenesis of Depression
and Anti-depression Action of Venlafaxine in the Hippocampus of
Mice
Authors: Guan Wei , Wu Xin-Yuan , Jin Xiang , Sheng Xiao-Ming , Fan Yan 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Venlafaxine has been demonstrated to treat diseases such as social anxiety
disorder and depression. Most of antidepressants including venlafaxine have a certain effect, but
significant side effects. Therefore, it is necessary for us to research the development of novel antidepressants
for effective treatment in practice. MicroRNA-204 (miR-204) is highly expressed in
brain tissue, and plays a critical role in the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons in rats. However,
the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-204 remains unclear to date, this study aims to
offer unique insights into depression and provide a theoretical basis for clinical physicians.

Methods:
A chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) was initially adopted for establishing a mice model
of depression in this research and depression-like behaviors were evaluated by a series of behavioral
experiments including the sucrose preference test (SPT), the tail suspension test (TST),
the forced swim test (FST) and the social interaction test (SIT). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription
PCR (qRT-PCR) was also conducted to test the expression levels of miR-204 and BDNF
in the hippocampus of mice. Finally, gene interference of miR-204-5p was further adopted to test
whether miR-204-5p played an effective role in the antidepressant effects of venlafaxine in mice.

Results:
Our data implicated that CSDS significantly increased the miR-204-5p but not
miR-204-3p levels in the hippocampus of mice. The treatment of venlafaxine obviously relieved depression-
like behaviors of CSDS-induced mice. The usage of venlafaxine abolished the increasing
effects on the expression of miR-204-5p but up-regulated the BDNF expression level in CSDS-exposured
mice. More importantly, we found that genetic overexpression of miR-204-5p decreased
the reverse effects of venlafaxine on depressive-like behaviors and genetic knockdown of hippocampal
miR-204-5p relieved the depressive-like behaviors and neurogenesis in CSDS-induced
mice.

Conclusion:
miR-204-5p played an effective role in the antidepressant effects of venlafaxine in
CSDS-induced mice.
Hexahydrocannabinol Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Analysis: The First
Evidence for a Recent New Psychoactive Substance
Authors: Graziano Silvia , Varì Maria Rosaria , Pichini Simona , Busardo Francesco Paolo , Cassano Tommaso , Di Trana Annagiulia 
Published: June 2023

Background:
During the last two years, hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), the hydrogenated derivative
of tetrahydrocannabinol has been freely sold by internet websites as a “legal” replacement to
THC and cannabis in a range of highly attractive branded and unbranded products, some of which are
sold as “legal highs”. Potentially, there could be a large demand for HHC products by individuals in
Europe and internationally.

Methods:
Studies reporting HHC pharmacology, toxicology and analysis were identified from Pubmed
and Scopus databases, and official international organizations’ websites were considered.

Results:
HHC showed the effects of the typical cannabinoid on the central nervous system, with lower
potency than Δ9-THC. A few studies highlighted that 9(R)-HHC is more potent than 9(S)-HHC. This
molecule showed an affinity for cannabinoid receptor CB1 both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a possible
therapeutic effect in several pathologies. However, the affinity for the CB1 receptor suggests a
possible addiction potential, inducing the users to misuse it. Since actual intoxication cases have not
yet been reported, the HHC harmful potential was not described, probably due to the lack of effective
analytical methods to detect HHC in biological matrices. Conversely, different analytical assays were
developed and validated to separate HHC epimers in natural and non-natural sources.

Conclusion:
Similarly to other NPS, the HHC represents a cheaper alternative to the controlled
Δ9-THC. Its monitoring is a crucial challenge for toxicological and forensic purposes. To this concern,
it is essential to further investigate HHC to support health providers in the identification of related
intoxications.
Naturally Occurring Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Plants, Fungi, Algae,
and Animals: A Review of the Most Effective Inhibitors Reported in
2012-2022
Authors: Murray Ana Paula , Biscussi Brunella , Cavallaro Valeria , Donozo Martina , Rodriguez Silvana A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Since the development of the “cholinergic hypothesis” as an important therapeutic approach
in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the scientific community has made a remarkable effort
to discover new and effective molecules with the ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase
(AChE). The natural function of this enzyme is to catalyze the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
in the brain. Thus, its inhibition increases the levels of this neurochemical and improves the
cholinergic functions in patients with AD alleviating the symptoms of this neurological disorder. In
recent years, attention has also been focused on the role of another enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase
(BChE), mainly in the advanced stages of AD, transforming this enzyme into another target of interest
in the search for new anticholinesterase agents. Over the past decades, Nature has proven to be a rich
source of bioactive compounds relevant to the discovery of new molecules with potential applications
in AD therapy. Bioprospecting of new cholinesterase inhibitors among natural products has led to the
discovery of an important number of new AChE and BChE inhibitors that became potential lead compounds
for the development of anti-AD drugs. This review summarizes a total of 260 active compounds
from 142 studies which correspond to the most relevant (IC50 ≤ 15 μM) research work published
during 2012-2022 on plant-derived anticholinesterase compounds, as well as several potent inhibitors
obtained from other sources like fungi, algae, and animals.
Doege-Potter Syndrome; A Case of Solitary Fibrous Pleura Tumor Associated
with Severe Hypoglycemia: A Case Report in Internal Medicine
Authors: Castaldo Viviana , Domenici Daniela , Biscosi Mauro Valentino , Ubiali Paolo , Miranda Cesare , Zanette Giorgio , Mazzon Cinzia , Tonizzo Maurizio 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Doege-Potter syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic entity that is often diagnosed incidentally during the work-up of hypoglycemia of unclear etiology. It is characterized by a non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia mostly associated with solitary fibrous tumors. These uncommon tumors have been reported in <5% of solitary fibrous tumors. Although not unique in its kind, this case is extremely important as this syndrome often conceals unrecognized tumors that can be surgically resolved.

Case Presentation:
We present the case of a 59-year-old non-diabetic man with a 2-month history of severe and recurrent fasting hypoglycaemia presenting with severe dyspnea and sweating. Further work-up revealed low insulin, C-peptide, and IGF-1 levels and a large right in-trathoracic solitary fi-brous tumor. Unfortunately, bioassays for IGF-2 were unavailable at our hos-pital. Nevertheless, as hypoglycemia completely resolved after resection of the mass, Doege-Potter syndrome was highly sus-pected.

Conclusion:
Doege-Potter syndrome is a complication of rare tumors. If hy-poglycemia is unexplained, this syndrome should always be suspected, and the presence of un-known masses should be investi-gated.
Plurihormonal (TSH-GH-prolactin Secreting) PIT-1-Positive pituitary
Macroadenoma/Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (PitNET) Associated with
Graves’ Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Morgante Cesare , Guaraldi Federica , Asioli Sofia , Mazzatenta Diego , Papi Giampaolo , Pontecorvi Alfredo 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Differential diagnosis of primary and secondary hyperthyroidism can be challenging. Moreover, although extremely rare, the two conditions can coexist.

Methods:
A 58-year-old woman presented with symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, gradual changes in face shape, headache and progressive enlargement of hands and feet in the last year. When she was 46 years old, she was diagnosed with Graves’ disease, and treated with 4-year methimazole therapy. Since 2016, a progressive increase of free-T4 and free-T3 with normal-TSH and positive TrAb was noticed.

Results:
At biochemical examination, fT3 was 5.3pg/ml (n. v. 2.5 - 3.9 pg/ml), fT4 was 20.6 pg/ml (n.v 6-12 pg/ml), IGF1 was 698 ng/ml (57 – 240 ng/ml*), GH (basally and after OGTT), and prolactin were significantly increased; while TSH was 1.8 (n.v. 0.35-4.0 mcUI/ml). A pituitary MRI demonstrated a large sellar tumor with suprasellar extension. The patient underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Histological examination revealed a plurihormonal (GH-PRL-TSH-secreting) PIT-1-positive pituitary adenoma/pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET). At 3-month follow-up, the pituitary function was normal, and no residual tumor was detected at the MRI.

Conclusion:
We report a rare case of Graves’ disease coexisting with a plurihormonal PIT-1-positive pituitary adenoma/PitNET.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN MEDIA PENETASAN TERHADAP DAYA TETAS TELUR DAN DAYA HIDUP BEKICOT (Achatina fulica)
Authors: Khairunnisa Lulu , Ciptono Ciptono , Suhandoyo Suhandoyo 
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media penetasan yang berbeda terhadap kualitas tetasan telur dan daya hidup anakan bekicot (Achatina fulica).Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen. Subjek penelitian adalah telur bekicot dari satu indukan yang ditetaskan ke dalam empat media penetasan yang berbeda. Setiap media penetasan berisi 10 butir telur, dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali ulangan. Media yaitu pasir, tanah, sekam, kerikil, dan kontrol diletakkan di dalam cobek sebagai wadah dan penutup. Pengontrolan kelembaban adalah dengan cara menyemprot dengan 15 ml air pada media dan pada cobek. Intensitas cahaya disamakan dengan meletakkan bahan uji pada tempat yang sama. Telur bekicot dibiarkan menetas kurang lebih selama 13 hari, dan dihitung persentase daya tetas telur. Bekicot yang menetas dipelihara selama 1 minggu untuk mengetahui persentase daya hidup anakan bekicot dalam media tersebut. Data dicatat dan dianalisis menggunakan One Way Anova untuk mengetahui apakah media berpengaruh terhadap daya tetas dan daya hidup bekicot.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media yang digunakan tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap daya tetas dan daya hidup bekicot (P0,05), meskipun rerata masing-masing parameter perlakuan ada perbedaan yang menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan media tetap memberikan pengaruh. Kata kunci: Achatina fulica, daya hidup, daya tetas, kerikil, pasir, sekam, dan tanah.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN LEGUNDI (Vitex trifolia) SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI PENGENDALIAN HAMA Plutella xylostella PADA TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea)
Authors: Lina Martha , Suryadarma IGP , Suhartini Suhartini 
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis optimal ekstrak daun Legundi (Vitex trifolia) sebagai pengendali hama Plutella xylostella pada tanaman sawi caisim (Brassica juncea), persentase mortalitas, pemendekan siklus hidup hama menjadi pupa, dan ada tidaknya pengaruh terhadap morfologi tanaman sawi caisim (Brassica juncea) setelah pemberian ekstrak daun Legundi (Vitex trifolia). Jenis penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Ekstrak daun Legundi Vitex trifolia dibuat dari 100 gram daun Legundi segar yang dihaluskan dengan pelarut air dan direndam selama 24 jam dalam 1000 ml air. Starter ekstrak daun Legundi Vitex trifolia dibagi menjadi 5 variasi dosis yaitu 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% dan 20%. Hasil uji statistik Oneway Anova diperoleh p= 0,005, sehingga (p0,05) artinya ada perbedaan yang bermakna, yaitu ekstrak daun Legundi Vitex trifolia mengakibatkan mortalitas hama Plutella xylostella. Ekstrak daun Legundi Vitex trifolia pada dosis 20% adalah dosis paling efektif mengakibatkan kematian larva. Hasil uji statistik Oneway Anova menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan rata-rata persentase terjadinya pembentukan pupa hama Plutella xylostella. Setelah penyemprotan ekstrak terhadap tanaman sawi caisim (Brassica juncea), menunjukkan tanaman sawi caisim (Brassica juncea) tetap hidup dan tidak ada kerusakan akibat terpapar ekstrak.Kata kunci: Ekstrak, Pestisida, Plutella xylostella.