bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding How the Interfacial Properties of ALD‐Crafted In2S3 Thin Films Promote Enhanced Formate Electrosynthesis
Authors: Van den Hoek Järi , Mathew Femi , Hintjens Lieven , De Coen Brend , Solano Eduardo , Minjauw Matthias M. , Blomme Ruben , Daems Nick , Choukroun Daniel , Detavernier Christophe , Dendooven Jolien , Breugelmans Tom 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (eCO2R) to formate is a promising technology for CO2 utilization and potential industrial application. Despite extensive research on catalyst layer design, interpreting performance is often hindered by the complexity of composite layers. In this study, plasma‐enhanced and thermal Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) are employed to fabricate In2S3 thin films on gas diffusion electrodes, creating model catalyst layers without ionomers or binders. The uniform ALD films enables fine‐tuning of hydrophobicity, underscoring its critical role at the triple‐phase boundary (TPB) and enhancing formate production via eCO2R at high current densities. For example, a thermal ALD‐deposited In2S3 thin film (150 µg cm−2) achieved a formate Faradaic efficiency of 93% at 1 A cm−2. The system exhibits high selectivity, with minimal hydrogen evolution and carbon monoxide as the sole by‐product, facilitating the determination of key electrokinetic parameters such as exchange and limiting current densities. Reaction kinetic modeling further clarified the influence of hydrophobicity on these parameters. This work provides valuable insights into the role of interfacial properties in electrocatalysis, advancing the development of efficient electrocatalysts and processes for industrial formate production.
Can the Urban Lifestyle Impact on Children BMI and Healthy Sleep?
Authors: Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides M. , Rodrigues Daniela , Gama Augusta , Nogueira Helena , Fernandes Helder Miguel , Stabelini Neto António , Fernandes Romulo , Padez Cristina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to (i) compare children's lifestyle by urbanization level and (ii) examine the association between children's body mass index (BMI) and the risk of having unhealthy sleep (American Academy of Pediatrics).MethodsEight thousand one hundred fifty‐nine children (4124 females) aged 6–9 years were observed and classified as urban or nonurban. Height and weight were measured, and the BMI was calculated. Sleep habits, sedentary behaviors (i.e., TV viewing, computer and electronic games use), and active play were assessed by questionnaire. One‐way analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) and logistic regression analysis were used, with adjustments to potential confounders.ResultsUrban males were significantly less active and spent more time in all sedentary activities than their nonurban peers during the week and the weekend. Urban girls spent significantly more time than their nonurban counterparts watching TV and playing electronic games. Furthermore, both urban and nonurban children with higher BMI had a relative higher risk of having unhealthy sleep duration.ConclusionsFindings revealed important associations between BMI and sleep duration in both urban and nonurban children. Place of residence has an important impact on weight status of this sample of children.
Elaborate Designed Three‐Dimensional Hierarchical Conductive MOF/LDH/CF Nanoarchitectures for Superior Capacitive Deionization
Authors: He Chang , Zhang Jun , Mantzavinos Dionissios , Katsaounis Alexandros , Si Duan‐Hui , Yan Zhang , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Jiang Zhu‐Wu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRational exploration of cost‐effective, durable, and high‐performance electrode materials is imperative for advancing the progress of capacitive deionization (CDI). The integration of multicomponent layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with conjugated conductive metal–organic frameworks (c‐MOFs) to fabricate bifunctional heterostructure electrode materials is considered a complex but promising strategy. Herein, the fabrication of elaborately designed three‐dimensional hierarchical conductive MOF/LDH/CF nanoarchitectures (M–CAT/LDH/CF) as CDI anodes via a controllable grafted‐growth strategy is reported. In this assembly, carbon fiber (CF) provides exceptional electrical conductivity facilitating rapid ion transfer and acts as a sturdy foundation for even distribution of NiCoCu‐LDH nanosheets. Moreover, the well‐ordered NiCoCu‐LDH further acts as interior templates to create an interface by embedding c‐MOFs and aligning two crystal lattice systems, facilitating the graft growth of c‐MOFs/LDH heterostructures along the LDH nanosheet arrays on CF, leading to accelerated ion diffusion kinetics. Density functional theory (DFT) confirms the unique structure of M–CAT/LDH/CF promotes interfacial charge transfer from NiCoCu‐LDH to M–CAT. This enhancement accelerates ion transfer, decreases ion migration energy, and leads to better ion diffusion kinetics and a smoother Cl− shuttle. Accordingly, the asymmetrical M–CAT/LDH/CF cell exhibited superior specific capacitance (315 F g−1), excellent salt adsorption capacity (147.8 mg g−1), rapid rate (21.1 mg g−1 min−1), and impressive cyclic stability (91.4 % retention rate). This work offers valuable insights for designing heterostructure electrode materials based on three‐dimensional interconnected networks, contributing to further advancements in CDI technology.
Functional Polyolefins and Composites
Authors: Tan Chen , Si Guifu , Zou Chen , Chen Changle 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolyolefins are simple hydrocarbons that require additional chemical modifications or functional additives to give them custom functions. Recent research in the development of functional polyolefins has surpassed the traditional approach of simply improving surface properties by incorporating polar moieties. Creating custom functionalized polyolefins by using specific functional units has attracted increasing attention. This review summarizes advances in preparing custom functionalized polyolefin materials using functional units such as comonomers, chain‐transfer agents, post‐polymerization modification reagents, and functional fillers. Exploring new functional units and innovative synthetic strategies will further enhance the performance and expand the applications of functional polyolefins.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Six‐Membered Cyclic Diaryl λ3‐Bromanes and λ3‐Chloranes
Authors: Bhattacherjee Dhananjay , Kariuki Benson M. , Piscelli Bruno A. , Cormanich Rodrigo A. , Wirth Thomas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite the remarkable advancements in hypervalent iodine chemistry, exploration of bromine and chlorine analogues remains in its infancy due to their difficult synthesis. Herein, we introduce six‐membered cyclic λ3‐bromanes and λ3‐chloranes. Through single‐crystal X‐ray structural analyses and conformational studies, we delineate the crucial bonding patterns pivotal for the thermodynamic stability of these compounds. Notably, these investigations reveal pronounced π–π stacking phenomena within the crystal lattice of hypercoordinated bromine(III) and chlorine(III) species. Their reactivity profile is explored as they are radical precursors or electrophilic reagents in metal‐free intermolecular biaryl couplings, O‐ and S‐arylations, and Cu(I)‐promoted intramolecular biaryl couplings which is complementary to the known reactivity of five‐membered bromanes and chloranes. Mechanistic insights are provided, elucidating the pathways governing their reactivity and underscoring the potential in organic synthesis.
Newly Described Rhodolith Bed Complex Associated With Shallow Coral Reefs of Palmyra Atoll, Northern Line Islands
Authors: Li Lena , Goberdhan Lisa S. , Giorgi Aurora , French Beverly , Egerton Jack P. , Pollock F. Joseph , Rich Walter , Smith Jennifer E. , Fox Michael D. , Johnson Maggie D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRhodolith beds are biogenic marine habitats formed by aggregations of free‐living crustose coralline algae. New descriptions of rhodolith beds fill the gaps in our understanding of the global distribution and ecological significance of these understudied habitats. We provide the first characterisation of a network of rhodolith beds associated with coral reefs in the tropical central Pacific. We surveyed the shallow eastern reef flat of Palmyra Atoll to evaluate the spatial extent and biodiversity of rhodolith habitat relative to adjacent coral reefs. We mapped 15 discrete rhodolith beds that collectively covered 1.5 ha. When combined with mixed rhodolith and coral habitat that connected the beds, the total areal coverage of rhodolith habitat was ~15 ha. The benthos of rhodolith beds was markedly different from adjacent reefs. Although coral cover was low in the rhodolith beds, five genera were commonly found as free‐living coralliths. Fish abundance did not vary notably between reef and bed habitats, but rhodoliths, particularly Neogoniolithon sp., supported a higher abundance of cryptic invertebrates relative to reef rubble. The dominant rhodolith genera were Neogoniolithon and Porolithon, and a third, less frequent species was Harveylithon munitum. Neogoniolithon sp. was the most abundant and displayed a more structurally complex branching morphology than the encrusting, lobe‐forming Porolithon sp. and the encrusting H. munitum. Our description of a previously unknown rhodolith complex in a remote and protected coral reef ecosystem provides novel insights to our understanding of the persistence and function of undisturbed tropical rhodolith bed habitat.
Microbead‐based synthetic niches for in vitro expansion and differentiation of human naïve B‐cells
Authors: Suthanthiraraj Pearlson Prashanth Austin , Bone Sydney , Roh Kyung‐Ho 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs the prospect of engineering primary B‐cells for cellular therapies in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases grows, there is an increasing demand for robust in vitro culture systems that effectively activate human B‐cells isolated from peripheral blood for consistent and efficient expansion and differentiation into various effector phenotypes. Feeder cell‐based systems have shown promise in providing long‐term signaling for expanding B‐cells in vitro. However, these co‐culture systems necessitate more rigorous downstream processing to prevent various feeder cell‐related contaminations in the final product, which limits their clinical potential. In this study, we introduce a microbead‐based CD40L‐presentation platform for stable and consistent activation of human naïve B‐cells. By employing a completely synthetic in vitro culture approach integrating B‐cell receptor, CD21 co‐receptor, toll‐like receptor (TLR‐9), and cytokine signals, we demonstrate that naïve B‐cells can differentiate into memory B‐cells (IgD‐CD38‐/lo + CD27+) and antibody‐secreting cells (IgD‐CD38++CD27+). During this process, B‐cells underwent up to a 50‐fold expansion, accompanied by isotype class switching and low levels of somatic hypermutation, mimicking physiological events within the germinal center. The reproducible generation of highly expanded and differentiated effector B‐cells from naïve B‐cells of multiple donors positions this feeder‐free in vitro synthetic niche as a promising platform for large‐scale production of effector B‐cell therapeutics.
Hydrogen Sensing via Heterolytic H2 Activation at Room Temperature by Atomic Layer Deposited Ceria
Authors: Morales Carlos , Tschammer Rudi , Pożarowska Emilia , Kosto Julia , Villar‐Garcia Ignacio J. , Pérez‐Dieste Virginia , Favaro Marco , Starr David E. , Kapuścik Paulina , Mazur Michał , Wojcieszak Damian , Domaradzki Jarosław , Alvarado Carlos , Wenger Christian , Henkel Karsten , Flege Jan Ingo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUltrathin atomic layer deposited ceria films (<20 nm) are capable of H2 heterolytic activation at room temperature, undergoing a significant reduction regardless of the absolute pressure, as measured under in‐situ conditions by near ambient pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ALD‐ceria can gradually reduce as a function of H2 concentration under H2/O2 environments, especially for diluted mixtures below 10 %. At room temperature, this reduction is limited to the surface region, where the hydroxylation of the ceria surface induces a charge transfer towards the ceria matrix, reducing Ce4+ cations to Ce3+. Thus, ALD‐ceria replicates the expected sensing mechanism of metal oxides at low temperatures without using any noble metal decorating the oxide surface to enhance H2 dissociation. The intrinsic defects of the ALD deposit seem to play a crucial role since the post‐annealing process capable of healing these defects leads to decreased film reactivity. The sensing behavior was successfully demonstrated in sensor test structures by resistance changes towards low concentrations of H2 at low operating temperatures without using noble metals. These promising results call for combining ALD‐ceria with more conductive metal oxides, taking advantage of the charge transfer at the interface and thus modifying the depletion layer formed at the heterojunction.
Population Dynamics of the Exotic Flatworm Obama nungara in an Invaded Garden
Authors: Noël Shanèze , Fourcade Yoan , Roy Virginie , Bonnet Georges , Dupont Lise 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPopulation dynamics and the way abundance fluctuates over time may be key determinants of the invasion success of an introduced species. Fine‐scale temporal monitoring of invasive species is rarely carried out due to the difficulties in collecting data regularly and over a long period. Thanks to the collaboration of an amateur naturalist, a unique dataset on the abundance of the invasive land flatworm Obama nungara was obtained during a 4‐year survey of a French private garden, where up to 1585 O. nungara were recorded in 1 month. Daily monitoring data revealed high population size fluctuations that may be explained by meteorological factors as well as intra‐ and inter‐specific interactions. Bayesian modeling confirmed that O. nungara's abundance fluctuates depending on temperature, humidity, and precipitation. Population growth seems to be favored by mild winters and precipitation while it is disadvantaged by drought. These exogenous factors affect both directly this species, which is sensitive to desiccation, and indirectly since they are known to affect the populations of its prey (earthworms and terrestrial gastropods). We also suggested the important resilience of O. nungara population in this site, which was able to recover from a drastic demographic bottleneck due to a severe drought, as well to systematic removal by the owner of the site. These findings highlight the potentially high invasiveness of O. nungara and raise concerns about the major threat these invasive flatworms pose to the populations of their prey.
Determination of the pKaH of Established Isothiourea Catalysts
Authors: Vogl Lukas S. , Bechmann Matthias , Waser Mario 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIsothioureas (ITUs) represent a powerful family of (chiral) Lewis base organocatalysts. Interestingly, the Brønsted basicity of these frequently used compounds has so far not systematically been investigated. Thus, we have now determined the pKaH values of the most privileged (chiral) ITUs in acetonitrile (ACN) and DMSO by using NMR. Employing Wallace's chemical shift imaging NMR method, the herein investigated ITUs were found to be weak Brønsted bases with pKaH values in the range of 16.8–17.9 in ACN and 6.3–7.8 in DMSO.
Examining the Impact of Race and Sex on the Incidence of Positive Surgical Margins in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Brady Jacob S. , Norouzi Armita , Konuthula Neeraja , Lam Austin , Marchiano Emily , Futran Neal , Barber Brittany 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the incidence of positive surgical margins (PSMs) between different races and sexes in a national cohort.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the association between race and sex disparities and the incidence of PSMs based on data from the 2004–2016 National Cancer Database (NCDB). The NCDB includes deidentified data collected from over 1500 hospitals as part of the Commission on Cancer approvals program and represents over 70% of new cancer cases in the United States. This analysis provides minimally adjusted and further adjusted multivariate analyses of the incidence of positive surgical margins in OCSCC stratified by sex and race, disease characteristics, other demographics, comorbidities, and social determinants of health (SDOH).ResultsThe incidence of PSMs was found to be elevated in black males of any age, black males under the age of 45, and in Indigenous American and native Alaskan males under the age of 45, independent of clinicopathologic factors. Specifically, black patients had a significantly higher incidence of PSMs when controlling for age, subsite, stage, grade, LVI, and CDCS. Our results remained unchanged after adjusting for the SDOH variables of insurance coverage, level of education, income, metropolitan versus urban versus rural location, distance from treatment center, and facility type.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that black males of any age, black males under 45, and Indigenous American and native Alaskan males under 45 have a higher incidence of PSMs, independent of clinicopathologic factors and SDOH. Our findings may help inform clinicians and hospitals of lapses in our healthcare system that perpetuate these inequities and further the goal of tackling disparities in surgical care.
Assessment of Bendopnea and Its Association With Clinical and Para‐Clinical Findings in Systolic Heart Failure: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Javanmardi Elmira , Reshadmanesh Tara , Gohari Sepehr , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Ahangar Hassan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsBendopnea is a symptom found in patients with heart failure (HF) defined as shortness of breath when bending forward. The present study examined the correlation between bendopnea with other cardiac symptoms, echocardiographic findings, and cardiac function parameters.MethodsThis was a single‐center prospective cross‐sectional study of patients diagnosed with systolic HF. Medical history, bending tests, laboratory tests, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and 6‐min walking test (6‐MWT) were evaluated. Patients with reduced ejection fraction were followed to assess the 2‐year outcomes for cardiovascular death and rehospitalization.ResultsA total of 80 patients were included in this study, of whom 54 (67.5%) were male. Bendopnea was present in 34 (42.5%) and their mean age was 62.44 years (compared to group without bendopnea, p = 0.869). Symptoms of HF such as dyspnea of exertion (DOE) and orthopnea were significantly related to the presence of bendopnea (p = 0.001, odds ratio (OR): 6.87, and p = 0.016, OR: 3.18, respectively). The bendopnea‐positive group had a higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (p = 0.005). ECG results showed no significant difference between the two groups. The echocardiographic findings showed that the inferior vena cava (IVC) respiratory collapse was significantly lower in the bendopnea‐positive group (p = 0.019, OR: 0.339, 95% CI:0.13–0.85). Moreover, they had a substantially lower performance in 6‐MWT (387.39 vs. 325.58 m, p = 0.015). Neither rehospitalization nor death was related to bendopnea after a 2‐year follow‐up (p = 0.454).ConclusionBendopnea was associated with several signs and symptoms of HF, including orthopnea, DOE, NYHA class, lower IVC collapse, and impaired functional capacity measured via 6‐MWT. However, there was no association between bendopnea and ECG findings, ejection fraction, and NT‐proBNP levels. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to assess the associations with long‐term outcomes and confirm our findings.
Update on the treatment of canine liver disease
Authors: Butler Tom , Bexfield Nick 
Published: January 2025

Background: Canine liver disease encompasses a range of different diseases and aetiologies, but the management of many of these conditions is symptomatic and supportive.Aim of the article: This article, the second in a two‐part series, discusses general treatment principles for canine liver disease. Part one, published in a previous issue of In Practice, focused on diagnosis of liver disease in dogs.
Teaching experiences in pharmacy residency
Authors: Clements Jennifer N. , McClendon Katie , Borchert Jill , Ciapala Stephanie R. L. , Courtney Lindsay A. , Cummings Jamessa , Fallon Julianne M. , Fritz Megan Kunka , Gibson Caitlin M. , Isaacs Alex N. , Israel Emily N. , Johnson Peter , Krauter Abby , Stolte Aubrey R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPostgraduate pharmacy residencies equip trainees with advanced clinical skills for patient care and prepare them for specialized roles in their careers. Teaching is a core responsibility for most pharmacists, yet postgraduate residency training often lacks standardization in teaching and learning experiences. The American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) provides residency accreditation standards; however, the activities related to teaching objectives may lack consistency across institutions and programs. The 2024 American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Publications Committee updated a previous publication on standardized teaching experiences for all residencies and programs offering a teaching certificate or other teaching experiences. The current paper highlights information and activities for residency programs to promote diverse teaching experiences, including the introduction of a tier system. Postgraduate pharmacy residencies should adopt these guidelines to offer consistent teaching experiences with personalization for trainees. Residents should also inquire about the teaching components of programs to choose the best fit for their career goals. There should be a balance between standardization and flexibility in teaching experiences to prepare residents for diverse roles in clinical practice or academia.
Scaled and Weighted Laplacian Matrices as Functional Descriptors for GPCR Ligands
Authors: Goode‐Romero Guillermo , Dominguez Laura 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) pharmacology accounts for a significant field in research, clinical studies, and therapeutics. Computer‐aided drug discovery is an evolving suite of techniques and methodologies that facilitate accelerated progress in drug discovery and repositioning. However, the structure–activity relationships of molecules targeting GPCRs are highly challenging in many cases since slight structural modifications can lead to drastic changes in biological functionality. Numerous molecular descriptors have been described, many of which successfully characterize the structural and physicochemical features of drug sets. Nonetheless, elucidating the structure–functionality relationships over extensive sets of drugs with multiple structural variations and known biological activity remains challenging in various biological systems. This work presents novel topological descriptors using Laplacian matrices, weighted, and scaled by atomic mass and partial charges. We tested these descriptors on three sets of GPCR ligands: muscarinic, β‐adrenergic, and δ‐opioid receptor ligands, evaluating their potential as functional descriptors of these receptors.