bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Violence: The Problem of Dirty Hands
Authors: Finlay Christopher J 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that the reason why political leadership often involves dirty hands is because of its relationship with violence. To make the case, it maintains that violent means create and assert a form of dominating power that is in tension with the proper ends of political action. This power casts a wide shadow, frequently dominating large numbers of non-targets and empowering unscrupulous agents. On the other side of the balance, characteristically political justifications for violence are ‘supra-moral,’ meaning that they are motivated by the value of a conception of morality taken as a whole (or, indeed, morality as such) rather than by any particular moral value. The weight that ought to be given to such ends is indeterminate in a way that makes uncancelled remainders arising from the evil of violence likely in many cases.
Development of a Single-Sided Magnetic Resonance Surface Scanner: Towards Non-Destructive Quantification of Moisture in Slaked Lime Plaster for Maintenance and Remediation of Heritage Architecture
Authors: Nakashima Yoshito 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSingle-sided time-domain proton magnetic resonance (MR) surface scanners are useful for non-destructive measurements of moisture. A mobile single-sided MR sensor unit employing two concentric ring magnets was constructed for the in situ quantification of moisture in slaked lime plaster used in the outer walls and roofs of heritage architecture. This sensor unit allows for non-destructive measurements of water proton relaxation 1.5 to 13.5 mm beneath the surfaces of walls and roofs. The following laboratory experiments on water-saturated porous slaked lime plaster samples were performed. (i) The porosity (water volume fraction) was measured in approximately eight minutes with a root mean square error of 1.9 vol%. (ii) The fundamental MR-related property (i.e. proton surface relaxivity) needed for the estimation of the pore size distribution was also measured successfully. (iii) The pore volume expansion due to frost damage was successfully detected as a significant change in the transverse relaxation time distribution. These results demonstrate that the portable MR surface scanner is a promising non-destructive testing tool for the maintenance and remediation of heritage architecture made of plaster.
Analysis of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): determining the transition temperatures, and enthalpy and heat capacity changes in multicomponent systems by analytical model fitting
Authors: Ghanbari Elmira , Picken Stephen J. , van Esch Jan H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe have developed an analytical method to quantitatively analyze differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experimental data. This method provides accurate determination of thermal properties such as equilibrium melting temperature, latent heat, change of heat capacity which can be performed automatically without intervention of a DSC operator. DSC is one of the best techniques to determine the thermal properties of materials. However, the accuracy of the transition temperature and enthalpy change can be affected by artifacts caused by the instrumentation, sampling, and the DSC analysis methods which are based on graphical constructions. In the present study, an analytical function (DSCN(T)) has been developed based on an assumed Arrhenius crystal size distribution together with instrumental and sample-related peak broadening. The DSCN(T) function was successfully applied to fit the experimental data of a substantial number of calibration and new unknown samples, including samples with an obvious asymmetry of the melting peak, yielding the thermal characteristics such as melting and glass transition temperature, and enthalpy and heat capacity change. It also allows very accurate analysis of binary systems with two distinct but severely overlapping peaks and samples that include a cold crystallization before melting.
A double variable-length pendulum with counterweight mass, kinematic excitation and electromagnetic forcing
Authors: Olejnik Paweł , Yakubu Godiya , Pepa Krzysztof , Jabłoński Jakub 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study introduces a novel double variable-length cable pendulum model and experimental setup featuring elastic suspension and counterweight mass. Our main goal is to investigate the complex dynamics resulting from variable length’s impact on vibration frequency and amplitude. Through numerical simulations and experiments, we explore the system’s response to different external forces. Utilizing methods like phase plots, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents, we delve into nonlinear dynamics. We also use vision-based techniques to assess friction damping-related vibrations and magnetic field interactions. The results reveal diverse behaviors, including chaotic and periodic oscillations, shedding light on control functions and parameter relationships. The developed cable system captures intricate nonlinear dynamics and attains stable vibration modes, as confirmed by vision-based measurements. This platform can analyze and control irregular dynamics in systems with elastically suspended weights driven by motors or mobile cranes. Its nature, encompassing kinematic excitation, electromagnetic interactions, and sliding friction, allows for exploring complex nonlinear dynamics. The system’s capacity to modulate vibration frequencies contributes to mitigating persistent vibrations.
Numerical Study of the Flow Through Porous Structures Built from Gray–Scott Patterns
Authors: Gallegos Domingo , Málaga Carlos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNumerical solutions of the reaction–diffusion system of equations in three dimensions provide a systematic procedure to generate a variety of porous media structures of a chosen porosity. A way to characterize such geometries is by their Minkowski functional densities and their average pore diameter. We generated multiple porous geometries of the granular and foam-like types. Hydraulic flow through these series of geometries is simulated to study the dependence of the permeability k and the Forchheimer parameter $$\beta$$
β
on the chosen geometrical identifiers. Both k and $$\beta$$
β
exhibit two distinct behaviors aligned with the two distinct generated types of geometries when scaled with the Euler characteristic. A good correlation for dimensionless k as a function of the Minkowski functional densities and the average pore diameter was found for both types of geometries with an accuracy of 15% and 18%, respectively, while no good correlation was found for $$\beta$$
β
, implying that more geometrical information is needed beyond the proposed one. From the correlations, it was found that, together with the porosity, the mean curvature is also a good parameter to characterize the permeability.
Comparing Substance Use Consequences between Serotonergic Psychedelics, MDMA, and other Drugs of Abuse Among United States Adults with History of Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Black Joshua C. , Schow Nicole , Burkett Hannah L. , Pena Morgan , Jewell Jennifer S. , Czizik Annika , Monte Andrew A. , Dart Richard C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPsychedelic-assisted therapy could transform treating psychiatric illness, but harms from exacerbating substance use disorder (SUD) among adults with psychiatric illness using psychedelics have not been studied. A cross-sectional survey in the US was used to test whether Drug Abuse Screening Test scores (DAST-10, validated instrument predicting SUD) were more severe when psychiatric illnesses (anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder [MDD], post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and bipolar disorder) and serotonergic psychedelic or MDMA use were combined. Any psychedelic use among adults with psychiatric illness history (anxiety: 5.1% [95% CI: 4.7, 5.6]; MDD: 5.1% [4.3, 5.8]; PTSD: 6.9% [5.9, 7.9]; bipolar: 9.2% [8.0, 10.5]) was more prevalent than the general population (2.6% [2.5, 2.8]). Significant increases in scores were associated with psychedelic use independent of other concurrent drug use, but increases were smaller than for opioids or stimulants. Approaches to managing SUD risks with psychedelics should differ from past approaches for other drugs.
Time-to-event overall survival prediction in glioblastoma multiforme patients using magnetic resonance imaging radiomics
Authors: Hajianfar Ghasem , Haddadi Avval Atlas , Hosseini Seyyed Ali , Nazari Mostafa , Oveisi Mehrdad , Shiri Isaac , Zaidi Habib 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeGlioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) represents the predominant aggressive primary tumor of the brain with short overall survival (OS) time. We aim to assess the potential of radiomic features in predicting the time-to-event OS of patients with GBM using machine learning (ML) algorithms.Materials and methodsOne hundred nineteen patients with GBM, who had T1-weighted contrast-enhanced and T2-FLAIR MRI sequences, along with clinical data and survival time, were enrolled. Image preprocessing methods included 64 bin discretization, Laplacian of Gaussian (LOG) filters with three Sigma values and eight variations of Wavelet Transform. Images were then segmented, followed by the extraction of 1212 radiomic features. Seven feature selection (FS) methods and six time-to-event ML algorithms were utilized. The combination of preprocessing, FS, and ML algorithms (12 × 7 × 6 = 504 models) was evaluated by multivariate analysis.ResultsOur multivariate analysis showed that the best prognostic FS/ML combinations are the Mutual Information (MI)/Cox Boost, MI/Generalized Linear Model Boosting (GLMB) and MI/Generalized Linear Model Network (GLMN), all of which were done via the LOG (Sigma = 1 mm) preprocessing method (C-index = 0.77). The LOG filter with Sigma = 1 mm preprocessing method, MI, GLMB and GLMN achieved significantly higher C-indices than other preprocessing, FS, and ML methods (allpvalues < 0.05, mean C-indices of 0.65, 0.70, and 0.64, respectively).ConclusionML algorithms are capable of predicting the time-to-event OS of patients using MRI-based radiomic and clinical features. MRI-based radiomics analysis in combination with clinical variables might appear promising in assisting clinicians in the survival prediction of patients with GBM. Further research is needed to establish the applicability of radiomics in the management of GBM in the clinic.
Prediction of annual CO2 emissions at the country and sector levels, based on a matrix completion optimization problem
Authors: Biancalani Francesco , Gnecco Giorgio , Metulini Rodolfo , Riccaboni Massimo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the recent past, annual CO$$_2$$

2

emissions at the international level were examined from various perspectives, motivated by rising concerns about pollution and climate change. Nevertheless, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the problem of dealing with the potential inaccuracy/missingness of such data at the country and economic sector levels has been overlooked. Thereby, in this article we apply a supervised machine learning technique called Matrix Completion (MC) to predict, for each country in the available database, annual CO$$_2$$

2

emissions data at the sector level, based on past data related to all the sectors, and more recent data related to a subset of sectors. The core idea of MC consists in the formulation of a suitable optimization problem, namely the minimization of a proper trade-off between the approximation error over a set of observed elements of a matrix (training set) and a proxy of the rank of the reconstructed matrix, e.g., its nuclear norm. In the article, we apply MC to the imputation of (artificially) missing elements of country-specific matrices whose elements come from annual CO$$_2$$

2

emission levels related to different sectors, after proper pre-processing at the sector level. Results highlight typically a better performance of the combination of MC with suitably-constructed baseline estimates with respect to the baselines alone. Potential applications of our analysis arise in the prediction of currently missing elements of matrices of annual CO$$_2$$

2

emission levels and in the construction of counterfactuals, useful to estimate the effects of policy changes able to influence the annual CO$$_2$$

2

emission levels of specific sectors in selected countries.
Early Life Management of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Arundel Paul , Borg Stephanie A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review aims to provide a review of the multidisciplinary management of infants with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) during the first year of life, focusing on those with severe disease. The authors draw on published literature and direct experience of working in a large paediatric centre specialising in the management of rare bone disease.

Recent Findings
Whilst understanding of the pathophysiology of OI has grown over the past decade, the evidence base for management of infants remains limited. There has been a greater recognition of certain subjects of concern including pain management, cervical spine deformity, and neurocognitive development. Both international consensus guidelines on rehabilitation and disease-specific growth charts have been welcomed by clinical teams.

Summary
The early involvement of multidisciplinary specialist care is critical in ensuring optimal care for the infant with severe OI. A long-term perspective which focuses on the axial, craniofacial, and peripheral skeleton as well as on development more generally provides a framework which can guide the management of infants with severe OI.
An 8-item scale for the measurement of happiness: validation and application of the Oxford happiness questionnaire in an Italian sample
Authors: Barattucci Massimiliano , Brugnera Agostino , Ramaci Tiziana , Kuvačić Goran , De Giorgio Andrea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHappiness is a basic human emotional state associated with positive life and work-related outcomes. Despite being currently considered a central topic in public health research and practice, there is a paucity of valid and reliable brief measures of happiness that have been adapted in Italian. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the psychometric properties of a brief 8-item measure of subjective happiness, namely the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, within an Italian sample. A total of 917 Italian adults (mean age = 37.58 ± 12.69 years; 75.7% females) volunteered for this study, and completed measures of happiness, perceived stress, emotion dysregulation, mindful attention, and life satisfaction. The OHQ revealed optimal psychometric properties in terms of internal validity and reliability, with an excellent fit to the data. Further, the measure evidenced a good convergent validity, being associated with other outcomes and psychological skills with medium-to-large effects.
A Qualitative Study on University Students’ Perceptions Regarding Sexual Violence Perpetrated by Women Against Men
Authors: de Oliveira Leonor , Carmo Eunice , Cardoso Daniel , Brazão Nélio , Viegas Mária , Vespasiano Rita , Carvalho Joana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Sexual violence (SV) perpetrated by women against men is socially dismissed and underrepresented in research. The aim of the current study was to explore the perspectives of university students (women and men) on women-perpetrated SV against men.

Methods
A total of 19 undergraduate students were presented with a vignette describing a hypothetical situation of SV and interviewed.

Results
A thematic analysis was performed, identifying four main themes: characters’ Features, sexual initiation Strategies, Consequences, and Motivations and Contexts. Participants endorsed gender stereotypes and victim-blaming narratives, but also challenged gender stereotypes and rape myths. Participants could identify violent sexual initiation strategies, could anticipate potential consequences of the abuse, and were able to imagine potential motivational and contextual factors that facilitated the abuse.

Conclusions
These results highlight the importance of providing adequate information regarding women-perpetrated SV and can inform preventative approaches targeting social norms that perpetuate the invisibility of this phenomenon. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

Policy Implications
Public policies that facilitate the training of professionals who contact with victims may help overcome the influence of rape myths that hinder appropriate intervention. Similarly, policies that support the prevention of SV in university contexts may contribute to translate the results from research into practice.
Gelatin-based hydrogel with antiseptic properties: synthesis and properties
Authors: Maikovych Olha , Nosova Nataliia , Bukartyk Nataliia , Fihurka Nataliia , Ostapiv Dmytro , Samaryk Volodymyr , Pasetto Pamela , Varvarenko Serhii 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe work presents the results of research on the formation of a hydrogel polymer matrix during the gelatin crosslinking with a dioxirane derivative of poly(ethylene glycol) and experiments on studying their properties. The crosslinking process of type A gelatin using poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE 500) was optimized by changing the gelatin: PEGDE ratio without using any other factors. The properties of the obtained hydrogels were studied, in particular the gel fraction amount, the degree of swelling in different media, mechanical properties, pore size, cytotoxicity, the ability to absorb and release antiseptic drugs, and bactericidal properties of hydrogel samples filled with an antiseptic agent (chlorhexidine). The crosslinking reaction has been found to be the most efficient at gelatin: PEGDE 500 ratio ranging from 1:3 to 1:5. In this case, the formation of highly elastic hydrogels with maximum fraction amount and high mechanical properties was observed (the samples were not destroyed under compression). Moreover, only within this ratio range, the obtained hydrogels retained their shape when heated to 40 °C. The pore sizes of the swollen hydrogel clearly depend on the crosslinker content. The high values of the degree of swelling in the exudate-simulating fluid in combination with mechanical strength allow the development of wound dressings based on hydrogels of the developed composition. Crosslinking of gelatin with PEGDE 500 allows to obtain gelatin-based hydrogels in a controlled manner which does not require subsequent purification steps. The resulting material does not exhibit cytotoxicity during in vitro studies on living cells. The hydrogel filled with an antiseptic drug is capable of releasing it by 50% within the first day into the medium of saline and exudate-simulating fluid. The antimicrobial properties of the hydrogel containing chlorhexidine are confirmed by the effective inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Supporting Nature-Based Solutions via Nature-Based Thinking across European and Latin American cities
Authors: Mercado Geovana , Wild Tom , Hernandez-Garcia Jaime , Baptista Mariana D. , van Lierop Martina , Bina Olivia , Inch Andy , Ode Sang Åsa , Buijs Arjen , Dobbs Cynnamon , Vásquez Alexis , van der Jagt Alexander , Salbitano Fabio , Falanga Roberto , Amaya-Espinel Juan David , de Matos Pereira Mafalda , Randrup Thomas B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNature-Based Solutions concepts and practices are being used worldwide as part of attempts to address societal challenges but have also been criticised for not dealing with deeper transformations needed to face urgent issues including biodiversity loss, climate change and inclusion. In this paper, we explore how an inclusive, integrated and long-sighted approach, emphasising a more radical integration of nature within cities, might support the transformations needed to endure major contemporary challenges. Addressing important emerging critiques of Nature-Based Solutions, we consider the potential of a more incisive form of Nature-Based Thinking (NBT) in cities, based on more holistic perspectives. The paper draws on a reflective and iterative research process that engaged both the research and practice communities through a symposium and a series of futures workshops that together explored the potential of NBT to develop future nature-cities relations in Europe and Latin America. The results of the reflective process suggest that notions of nature with people—not for people— new organisational structures, and the intention and capacity to apply long-term perspectives, are needed when planning for NBS interventions aimed at sustainable urban development. This includes developing a cultural-structural change based on new and inclusive understandings of human–nature relations, and novel governance paradigms that allow cross-sectoral coordination and engagement of local stakeholders beyond formal organisational structures.
A unified analysis framework for generalized fractional Moore–Gibson–Thompson equations: Well-posedness and singular limits
Authors: Meliani Mostafa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn acoustics, higher-order-in-time equations arise when taking into account a class of thermal relaxation laws in the modeling of sound wave propagation. In this work, we analyze initial boundary value problems for a family of such equations and determine the behavior of solutions as the relaxation time vanishes. In particular, we allow the leading term to be of fractional type. The studied model can be viewed as a gen-eralization of the well-established (fractional) Moore–Gibson–Thompson equation with three, in general nonlocal, convolution terms involving two different kernels. The interplay of these convolutions will influence the uniform analysis and the lim-iting procedure. To unify the theoretical treatment of this class of local and nonlocal higher-order equations, we relax the classical assumption on the leading-term kernel and consider it to be a Radon measure. After establishing uniform well-posedness with respect to the relaxation time of the considered general model, we connect it, through a delicate singular limit procedure, to fractional second-order models of linear acoustics.