bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient PFOA removal from drinking water by a dual-functional mixed-matrix-composite nanofiltration membrane
Authors: Nir Oded , Chaudhary Mohit , Sela-Adler Michal , Ronen Avner 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Drinking-water contamination by per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) is a global concern. Nanofiltration is a promising PFAS removal technology due to its scalability and cost-effectiveness. However, nanofiltration cannot typically reduce PFAS concentrations below current drinking-water recommendations. To enhance PFAS removal, we developed mixed-matrix-composite nanofiltration (MMCNF) membranes - an active nanofiltration layer on porous adsorptive support that synergetically combines filtration and adsorption. We synthesized MMCNF membranes comprising thin polyelectrolyte multilayer films deposited on thick (~400 µm) polyethersulfone supports incorporating β-cyclodextrin microparticles. These membranes achieved near complete removal (>99.9%) of model PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid) for significantly longer filtration times compared to a control membrane without β-cyclodextrin, but otherwise identical. The spent MMCNF membrane was regenerated using ethanol, showing consistent performances in three filtration cycles. Perfluorooctanoic acid was concentrated 38-fold in the ethanol eluent. Further concentration by evaporation is straightforward and can enable eluent recycling and effective PFAS destruction.
The Promise of Zero-Shot Learning for Alcohol Image Detection: Comparison with a Task-Specific Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Bonela Abraham Albert , Nibali Aiden , He Zhen , Riordan Benjamin , Anderson-Luxford Dan , Kuntsche Emmanuel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Exposure to alcohol content in media increases alcohol consumption and related harm. With exponential growth of media content, it is important to use algorithms to automatically detect and quantify alcohol exposure. Foundational models such as Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) can detect alcohol exposure through Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) without any additional training. In this paper, we evaluated the ZSL performance of CLIP against a supervised algorithm called Alcoholic Beverage Identification Deep Learning Algorithm Version-2 (ABIDLA2), which is specifically trained to recognise alcoholic beverages in images, across three tasks. We found ZSL achieved similar performance compared to ABIDLA2 in two out of three tasks. However, ABIDLA2 outperformed ZSL in a fine-grained classification task in which determining subtle differences among alcoholic beverages (including containers) are essential. We also found that phrase engineering is essential for improving the performance of ZSL. To conclude, like ABIDLA2, ZSLwith little phrase engineering can achieve promising performance in identifying alcohol exposure in images. This makes it easier for researchers, with little or no programming background, to implement ZSL effectively to obtain insightful analytics from digital media. Such analytics can assist researchers and policy makers to propose regulations that can prevent alcohol exposure and eventually prevent alcohol consumption.
Thyroid axis participates in heat temperature-induced male sex reversal through its activation by the stress response
Authors: Castañeda-Cortés Diana C. , Rosa Ivana F. , Boan Agustín F. , Marrone Demian , Pagliaro Natalia , Oliveira Marcos A. , Rodrigues Maira S. , Doretto Lucas B. , Silva Camila , Tavares-Júnior José , Costa Daniel F. , Dodds María S. , Strobl-Mazzulla Pablo H. , Langlois Valerie S. , Nóbrega Rafael H. , Fernandino Juan Ignacio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Environmental changes alter the sex fate in about 15% of vertebrate orders, mainly in ectotherms such as fish and reptiles. However, the effects of temperature changes on the endocrine and molecular processes controlling gonadal sex determination are not fully understood. Here, we provide evidence that thyroid hormones (THs) act as co-players in heat-induced masculinization through interactions with the stress axis to promote testicular development. We first demonstrated that the thyroid axis (through thyroid-related genes and T3 levels) is highly active in males during the gonadal development in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Similarly, T3 treatments promoted female-to-male sex reversal in XX embryos. Subsequently, embryonic exposure to temperature-induced stress up-regulated the genes related to the thyroid and stress axes with a final increase in T3 levels. In this context, we show that blocking the stress axis response by the loss of function of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors suppresses thyroid-stimulating hormone expression, therefore, heat-induced activation of the thyroid axis. Thus, our data showed that early activation of the stress axis and, in consequence, the TH axis, too, leaves us with that both are the leading endocrine players in inducing female-to-male reversal, which can help predict possible upcoming physiological impacts of global warming on fish populations.
Factors contributing to vulnerability to risky sexual behaviour in severe mental illness in the Ugandan socio-cultural context
Authors: Birungi C. , Ssebunnya J. , Kiwanuka N , Nakasujja N. , Kinyanda E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background There is paucity of research about contexts underlying vulnerability to risky sexual behavior and severe mental illness (SMI) among adults, irrespective of their HIV status in Uganda. Most studies done on vulnerability to risky sexual behavior (RSB) have often focused on young people and those living with HIV. Understanding factors that affect vulnerability to RSB in severe mental illness, taking into consideration the individual, carers and mental health specialists views is important in planning preventive interventions. We explored the socio-cultural factors and practices as well as social network structures that underlie SMI and vulnerability to RSB in an adult population.Methods We did a cross-sectional qualitative study at Butabika and Masaka hospitals. We collected data from a total of 32 participants; 12, 8 and 12, semi-structured interviews for persons living with SMI, carers and mental health specialists respectively. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. We followed framework analysis principles, to manage, analyze and interpret the data. We used illuminating verbatim quotations to illustrate major findings.Results Risky sexual behavior was noted to be common among persons with severe mental illness; and a growing problem mostly understood in the context of HIV/AIDS and unwanted pregnancies, and sexual encounters with strangers. The problem was largely attributed to the compromised sense of judgement due to the underlying morbidity, abnormally high libido, poverty, desperation and inadequate social support associated with severe mental illness. Sexual starvation due to stigma/discrimination and long periods of hospitalization was also reported fuel irresponsible and risky sexual acts. Respondents also cited some practices and systemic weaknesses within the hospitals that inadvertently expose patients to RSB such as stripping patients going to the seclusion room naked, and inadequate monitoring of patients. The limited scope in understanding of the problem was thought to hamper efforts to address the problem. Unfortunately, there were no reports of health education initiatives specifically to address the problem.Conclusions The study revealed that risky sexual behavior is common among persons with severe mental illness, and identified several moderating factors. The study further highlighted the need to integrate sexual and reproductive health into mental health services.
Wingers’ running performance demands and technical-tactical actions dependent on different playing formations in an amateur football team. A case study.
Authors: Izquierdo José María , Marqués-Jiménez Diego , Redondo Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We examine the differences in running performance demands and technical-tactical actions for male amateur football wingers in four tactical formations: 1-4-2-3-1, 1-4-4-2, 1-3-5-2 and 1-3-4-2-1 during an entire season. Running demands were assessed in terms of: total distance run; distance traveled at 3 different speed ranges (D > 14.4 km/h; D > 19.8 km/h; and D > 25 km/h); and number of accelerations registered in two different magnitude bands (Acc 2–4; and Acc > 4) while technical-tactical actions were assessed through 3,269 team match observations. The 1-3-5-2 formation requires the highest running demands with large differences identified in D > 19.8 comparing 1-4-2-3-1 and 1-3-5-2; in D > 25.0 comparing 1-4-2-3-1 and 1-3-5-2, and comparing 1-3-5-2 and 1-3-4-2-1. In addition, wingers in 1-3-5-2 register the lowest scores for several technical-tactical actions: Shots: 1-3-5-2 vs 1-3-4-2-1; Goal Area Shots:1-3-5-2 vs 1-3-4-2-1; and Dribbles: 1-3-5-2 vs 1-3-4-2-1. Finally, wingers registered the highest levels of defensive technical-tactical actions in 1-4-4-2 and 1-3-5-2. Findings suggest it would be of benefit for coaches to focus on formulating specific training plans to address the specific demands placed on wingers playing in these amateur matches and running performance demands and technical-tactical actions should be considered together with tactical formation.
Time to premarital cohabitations and its predictors among youth women in Ethiopia 2016 demographic and health survey, using parametric shared frailty model
Authors: Demis Teshome , Bekele Zinabu , Eshete Eyob , Wake Fikadu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
In the second half of the 20th century, cohabitation became highly prevalent, especially among young women between the ages of 15 and 24. Nowadays, college students and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa often have unprotected sex and contract STDs, leading to most new HIV infections. The aim of this study is to assess the time to premarital cohabitation and its predictors among youth women aged 15–24 years using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey.
Method
It is a secondary data analysis from a nationwide community-based survey. The data for this analysis was extracted from 2016 DHS data. Using STATA version 17 weighted, descriptive analysis of medians, percentiles, graphs, and frequency tables will be used to characterize the study participant. We use the Kaplan-Meier method and compare categorical predictor variables using the log-rank test. The best model for the data was selected by using Akaike information criteria. Finally, the adjusted hazard ratio or adjusted time ratio was used as a measure of effect size, with a 5% significant level and a p-value less than 0.05.
Result
The overall median age of premarital cohabitation was found to be 16 years (IQR, 15–18 years). The independent predictors of time to premarital cohabitation were: women's age (HR = 0.795; 95% CI: 0.761–0.868). 0.733 (95% CI: 0.607, 0.959) and 0.610 (95% CI: 0.589, 0.632) for primary, secondary, and higher education, respectively, among women who can read and write (HR = 0.896; 95% CI: 0.872, 0.920). Women with media access (HR = 0.722, 95% CI: 0.510, 0.963).
Conclusion
The most important idea is that educational level, access to media, age, and literacy are the most significant factors for the time-to-premarital cohabitation rate.
Reconstructing self from the illness: a constructivist grounded theory study of posttraumatic growth in patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Chen , Zhou Yunxian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Some patients with Crohn’s disease report posttraumatic growth, which can promote reductions in anxiety and depression, and improve the patients’ quality of life. However, the process of posttraumatic growth remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to explore the social-psychological process of posttraumatic growth in patients with Crohn’s disease in the context of Chinese culture and construct an interpretive understanding based on the perspectives of patients.Methods This research adopted Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory. Nineteen participants with Crohn’s disease were selected by purposive and theoretical sampling from three hospitals in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, as well as from the China Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. In-depth interviews were conducted. Data analysis was based on initial, focused and theoretical coding strategies, and methods such as constant comparison and memo writing were adopted. COREQ reporting guidelines were utilised.Results An interpretive understanding of posttraumatic growth in patients with Crohn’s disease was constructed. The core category was "reconstructing self from the illness", which included the following four categories: "suffering from the illness", "accepting the illness", "dancing with the illness" and "enriching life beyond the illness". However, not every patient reached the last phase. Before patients enter the next stage, they might begin a new cycle by experiencing new suffering or discovering new unacceptable facts about the illness.Conclusions This interpretive understanding reveals a growth process centred on "reconstructing self from the illness". These findings provide knowledge on the process of posttraumatic growth in patients with Crohn’s disease within the wider sociocultural context.
Contrast-free ultrasound imaging for blood flow assessment of the lower limb in patients with peripheral arterial disease: A feasibility study
Authors: Sabeti Soroosh , Nayak Rohit , McBane Robert , Fatemi Mostafa , Alizad Azra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
While being a relatively prevalent condition particularly among aging patients, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of lower extremities commonly goes undetected or misdiagnosed due to its symptoms being nonspecific. Additionally, progression of PAD in the absence of timely intervention can lead to dire consequences. Therefore, development of non-invasive and affordable diagnostic approaches can be highly beneficial in detection and treatment planning for PAD patients. In this study, we present a contrast-free ultrasound-based quantitative blood flow imaging technique for PAD diagnosis. The method involves monitoring the variations of blood flow in the calf muscle in response to thigh-pressure-cuff-induced occlusion. Four quantitative metrics are introduced for analysis of these variations. We examine the feasibility of this method through an in vivo study consisting of 14 PAD patients with abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) and 8 healthy volunteers. Ultrasound data acquired from 13 legs in the patient group and 13 legs in the healthy group are analyzed. Out of the four utilized metrics, three exhibited significantly different distributions between the two groups (p-value < 0.05). The results of this feasibility study indicate the diagnostic potential of the proposed method for the detection of PAD.
Validation of Prediction Algorithm for Risk Estimation of Intracranial Aneurysm Development using Real-world Data
Authors: Kim Tackeun , Choi Jisu , Park Won-Ju , Cho Seunghyeon , Yoo Yeongjae , Kim Hyeonjun , Cho Juhee , Joo Jin-Deok , Oh Chang Wan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is difficult to detect, and most patients remain undiagnosed, as screening tests have potential risks and high costs. Thus, it is important to develop risk assessment system for efficient and safe screening strategy. We designed a clinical validation study to test the efficacy and validity of an artificial intelligence (AI) based risk prediction model for intracranial aneurysm in an actual clinical setting.Materials and Methods The study population comprised individuals who visited the Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital Health Promotion Center in Korea for voluntary medical checkups between 2007 and 2019. All participants had no history of cerebrovascular disease and underwent brain CTA for screening purpose. Presence of IA was evaluated by two specialized radiologists. The risk score was calculated using the previously developed AI model, and 0 point represents the lowest risk and 100 point represents the highest risk. To compare the prevalence according to the risk, age-sex standardization using national database was performed.Result A study collected data from 5,942 health examinations, including brain CTA data, with participants ranging from 20 to 87 years old and a mean age of 52 years. The age-sex standardized prevalence of IA was 3.20%. The prevalence in each risk group was 0.18% (lowest risk, 0–19), 2.12% (lower risk, 20–39), 2.37% (mid-risk, 40–59), 4.00% (higher risk, 60–79), and 6.44% (highest risk, 80–100). The odds ratio between the lowest and highest risk groups was 38.50. The adjusted proportions of IA patients in the higher and highest risk groups were 26.7% and 44.5%, respectively. The median risk scores among IA patients and normal participants were 74 and 54, respectively. The optimal cut-off risk score was 60.5 with an area under the curve of 0.70.Conclusion We showed the clinical efficacy and validity of a prediction algorithm for risk estimation of IA using real-world data.
Effects of Diagnostic Utilities on the Thyroid Cancer Incidence
Authors: Suntornlohanakul Onnicha , Sripl Hutcha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The diagnostic methods both thyroid ultrasound and fine needle aspiration (FNA) can affect thyroid cancer incidence. This study aims to explore the effect of thyroid ultrasound, and FNA uses on low thyroid cancer incidence countries without ultrasound screening for cancer by using data from the Songkhla Cancer Registry during 1990–2019. We performed the age-period-cohort (APC) analysis to determine the period and cohort effect on incidence. For the effect of diagnostic utilities of thyroid ultrasounds and FNA on the incidence, a generalized additive model (GAM) was used. Among 1,785 thyroid cancer patients, PTC was the most common. In women, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) of PTC rose from 2.97 in 1990 to 6.10 per 100,000 women-years in 2019. There is no increment in the ASR of PTC in men and other thyroid cancers in both sexes. The APC analysis indicated period and cohort effects on the ASR of PTC in women. GAM showed thyroid ultrasound and FNA affected the incidence. The maximum ability for diagnosis of both diagnostic methods was reached. Thyroid ultrasound should be used as a diagnostic method in patients presenting with thyroid nodule(s). Ultrasound screening for thyroid cancer in general population is not recommended.
Large scale annotated dataset for code-mix abusive short noisy text
Authors: Tiwari Paras , Rai Sawan , Chowdary C. Ravindranath 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With globalization and cultural exchange around the globe, most of the population gained knowledge of at least two languages. The bilingual user base on the Social Media Platform (SMP) has significantly contributed to the popularity of code-mixing. However, apart from multiple vital uses, SMP also suffer with abusive text content. Identifying abusive instances for a single language is a challenging task, and even more challenging for code-mix. The abusive posts detection problem is more complicated than it seems due to its unseemly, noisy data and uncertain context. To analyze these contents, the research community needs an appropriate dataset. A small dataset is not a suitable sample for the research work. In this paper, we have analyzed the dimensions of Devanagari-Roman code-mix in short noisy text. We have also discussed the challenges of abusive instances. We have proposed a cost-effective methodology with 20.38% relevancy score to collect and annotate the code-mix abusive text instances. Our dataset is eight times to the related state-of-the-art dataset. Our dataset ensures the balance with 55.81% instances in the abusive class and 44.19% in the non-abusive class. We have also conducted experiments to verify the usefulness of the dataset. We have proposed a Large scale annotated dataset for code-mix abusive short noisy text baseline architecture with 0.5194 MCC score. From our experiments, we have observed the suitability of the dataset for further scientific work.
Altered Gut Microbiota-Host Bile Acid Metabolism in IBS-D Patients with Liver Depression and Spleen Deficiency Pattern
Authors: Du Liqing , Zhang Zhaozhou , Zhai Lixiang , Yang Wei , Xu Shujun , Huang Chunhua , Lin Chengyuan , Zhong Linda LD , Bian Zhaoxiang , ZHAO Ling 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Dysregulation of gut microbiota-host bile acid (BA) co-metabolism is a critical pathogenic factor of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), instructed by pattern differentiation, is effective in treating IBS-D, in which liver depression and spleen deficiency (LDSD) is the most prevalent pattern. Still, it is unclear the linkage between the LDSD pattern and the BA metabolic phenotype. This study aimed to uncover the biological basis of the LDSD pattern from the BA metabolic perspective.Methods Patients with IBS-D completed questionnaires regarding the irritable bowel severity scoring system (IBS-SSS), stool frequency, Stool Bristol scale, and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Fasting blood and morning feces were collected to analyze the gut metagenome and BA-related indices/metabolites.Results IBS-D patients with LDSD had a higher incidence of BA overexcretion (41% vs. 23% non-LDSD) with significant elevations in fecal total BAs and serum BA precursor 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one levels. Compared to controls or non-LDSD patients, LDSD patients had a featured fecal BA profile, with higher proportions of deoxycholic acid (DCA), 7-ketodeoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid. It is consistent with the BA-metabolizing genomic changes in the LDSD gut microbiota characterized by overabundances of 7-dehydroxylating bacteria and BA-inducible genes (baiCD/E/H). The score of bowel symptoms (stool frequency and abdominal pain) showing greater severity in the LDSD pattern were positively correlated with bai-expressing bacterial abundances and fecal DCA levels separately.Conclusion We clarified an LDSD-specific BA metabolic phenotype, which closely correlates with the severity of bowel symptoms. It demonstrates that gut microbiota and host BA co-metabolism would provide crucial insight into the biology of the LDSD pattern and its internal relationship with IBS progression.