bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global trends and current status of amputation: Bibliometrics and visual analysis of publications from 1999 to 2021
Authors: Liu Ze , Wang Min , Liu Qi , Huang Biling , Teng Yuanyuan , Li Mingliu , Peng Shuqin , Guo Hongbin , Liang Jieyu , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
To generalize the research status, hotspots, and development trends of amputation-related research.

Methods:
The data from 1999 to 2021 were collected from the Web of Science core collection database, and analyzed through bibliometrics software (CiteSpace and VOSviewer) for the dual-map overlay of journals, top 25 references with the strongest citation bursts, top 25 keywords with the strongest citation bursts, and timeline of keywords.

Results:
A total of 8,588 literature studies were involved in this study. The United States ranks the first in terms of H-index, total number of publications, and total citations. US Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, and University of Washington are the major contributors to amputation. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development are the main publication channels for articles related to amputation. Geertzen JHB, Czerniecki J, and Dijkstra PU are major contributors to amputation. In addition, research on limb salvage treatment and surgical methods for amputation will become a hotspot in the future.

Conclusion:
The total number of publications for amputation has generally increased from 1999 to 2021. Our study is beneficial for scientists to specify the research hotspot and development direction of amputation.
Sex and Gender Disparities in Living Kidney Donation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vilayur Eswari , van Zwieten Anita , Chen Mingxing , Francis Anna , Wyld Melanie , Kim Siah , Cooper Tess , Wong Germaine 
Published: August 2023

Background.Women are more likely than men to be living kidney donors. We summarized the evidence concerning the reasons behind sex and gender disparities in living kidney donation (LKD).Methods.A scoping review of quantitative and qualitative evidence on reasons for sex and gender disparities in LKD was conducted from inception to March 2023.Results.Of 1123 studies screened, 45 were eligible for inclusion. Most studies were from North America, Europe, and Central Asia (n = 33, 73%). A predominance of women as living donors (55%–65%) was observed in 15 out of 18 (83%) studies. Reasons for sex and gender disparities in LKD included socioeconomic, biological, and cognitive or emotional factors. A gendered division of roles within the families was observed in most studies, with men being the primary income earner and women being the main caregiver. Fear of loss of income was a barrier to male donation. Human leukocyte antigen sensitization through pregnancy in female recipients precluded male partner donation, whereas female donation was supported by altruism and a positive attitude toward LKD.Conclusions.Sex imbalance in LKD is prevalent, with a predominance of women as living donors. Such disparities are driven by societal and cultural perceptions of gender roles, pregnancy-induced sensitization, and attitudes toward donation and at least some of these factors are modifiable. Donor compensation to support predonation assessments and income loss, implementation of innovative desensitization treatments, promotion of paired kidney exchange program, and targeted educational initiatives to promote equitable living donation may help to close the gender gap in LKD.
International Variations in Dementia and Alzheimer Disease Diagnosis and Certification Habits and Their Associations With Dementia and Alzheimer Disease Mortality
Authors: Chi Ying-Chen , Chu Wei-Min , Chang Hsin-Yun , Lu Tsung-Hsueh 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
To examine international variations in national diagnosis and certification habits prefer recording dementia (D) versus Alzhiemer disease (AD) as the underlying cause of death (UCOD) and their associations with mortality rates of dementia and AD.

Methods:
We calculated proportions of D/D+AD and AD/D+AD deaths as proxies of national diagnosis and certification habits. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were estimated to assess the associations of proportions with the mortality rates of dementia or AD among adults aged 75 to 84 years across 38 countries.

Results:
The countries with a high preference for recording dementia as the UCOD were Taiwan and Latvia with proportion of D/D+AD deaths of 92% and 88%, respectively, and those with a high preference for recording AD as the UCOD were Slovenia, Turkey, and Poland with proportion of AD/D+AD deaths of 100%, 99%, and 89%, respectively. The r values for the proportions and mortality rate for dementia and AD were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.44-0.81) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.16-0.68), respectively.

Conclusion:
We identified a small number of countries with obvious natonal diagnosis and certification habits preferring dementia or AD and had moderate effects on international variations in the mortality rates of dementia and AD.
Ensemble-Based Modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Spike Trimers and Systematic Characterization of Cryptic Binding Pockets in Distinct Functional States : Emergence of Conformation-Sensitive and Variant-Specific Allosteric Binding Sites
Authors: Verkhivker Gennady , Alshahrani Mohammed , Gupta Grace 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA significant body of experimental structures of the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimers for the BA.1 and BA.2 variants revealed a considerable plasticity of the spike protein and emergence of druggable cryptic pockets. Understanding of the interplay of conformational dynamics changes induced by Omicron variants and identification of cryptic dynamic binding pockets in the S protein are of paramount importance as exploring broad-spectrum antiviral agents to combat the emerging variants is imperative. In the current study we explore conformational landscapes and characterize the universe of cryptic binding pockets in multiple open and closed functional spike states of the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants. By using a combination of atomistic simulations, dynamics network analysis, and allostery-guided network screening of cryptic pockets in the conformational ensembles of BA.1 and BA.2 spike conformations, we identified all experimentally known allosteric sites and discovered significant variant-specific differences in the distribution of cryptic binding sites in the BA.1 and BA.2 trimers. This study provided in-depth structural analysis of the predicted allosteric site in the context of all available experimental information, revealing a critical role and effect of conformational plasticity on the distribution and function of allosteric binding sites. The results detailed how mutational and conformational changes in the BA.1 and BA.2 pike trimers can modulate the functional role of druggable allosteric pockets across different functional regions of the spike protein. The results of this study are particularly significant for understanding the universe of cryptic bindings sites and variant-specific preferences for druggable pockets. Exploring predicted druggable sites can present a new and previously underappreciated opportunity for therapeutic intervention of Omicron variants through conformation-selective and variant-specific targeting of functional sites involved in allosteric changes.
Safety and Immunogenicity of XBB.1.5-Containing mRNA Vaccines
Authors: Chalkias Spyros , McGhee Nichole , Whatley Jordan L. , Essink Brandon , Brosz Adam , Tomassini Joanne E. , Girard Bethany , Wu Kai , Edwards Darin K. , Nasir Arshan , Lee Diana , Avena Laura E. , Feng Jing , Deng Weiping , Montefiori David C. , Baden Lindsey R. , Miller Jacqueline M. , Das Rituparna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubvariants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) omicron XBB-lineage have the potential to escape immunity provided by prior infection or vaccination. For Covid-19 immunizations beginning in the Fall 2023, the U.S. FDA has recommended updating to a monovalent omicron XBB.1.5-containing vaccine.MethodsIn this ongoing, phase 2/3 study participants were randomized 1:1 to receive 50-µg doses of mRNA-1273.815 monovalent (50-µg omicron XBB.1.5 spike mRNA) or mRNA-1273.231 bivalent (25-µg omicron XBB.1.5 and 25-µg omicron BA.4/BA.5 spike mRNAs) vaccines, administered as 5th doses, to adults who previously received a primary series and 3rd dose of an original mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccine, and a 4th dose of a bivalent (omicron BA.4/BA.5 and original SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. Interim safety and immunogenicity data 15 days post-vaccination are presented.ResultsIn April 2023, participants received mRNA-1273.815 (n=50) and mRNA-1273.231 (n=51). The median intervals from the prior dose of BA.4/BA.5-containing bivalent vaccine were 8.2 and 8.3 months for the mRNA-1273.815 and mRNA-1273.231 groups, respectively. Both vaccines increased neutralizing antibody (nAb) geometric mean titers against all variants tested at day 15 post-booster nAb compared to pre-booster levels. Geometric mean fold-rises from pre-booster titers after the monovalent booster were numerically higher against XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16 and SARS-CoV-2 (D614G) than those of the bivalent booster and were comparable against BA.4/BA.5 and BQ1.1 variants for both vaccines. The monovalent vaccine also elicited nAb responses against omicron XBB.2.3.2, EG.5.1, FL.1.5.1 and BA.2.86 that were similar to those against XBB.1.5 in a subset (n=20) of participants. The occurrence of solicited adverse reactions and unsolicited adverse events were overall similar to those previously reported for the original mRNA-1273 50-µg and omicron BA.4/BA.5-containing bivalent mRNA-1273 vaccines.ConclusionIn this interim analysis, XBB.1.5-containing monovalent and bivalent vaccines elicited potent neutralizing responses against variants of the omicron XBB-lineage (XBB.1.5, XBB.1.6, XBB.2.3.2, EG.5.1, and FL.1.5.1) as well as the recently emerged BA.2.86 variant. The safety profile of the XBB.1.5-containing vaccine was consistent with those of prior vaccines. These results overall indicate that the XBB.1.5-containing mRNA-1273.815 vaccine has the potential to provide protection against these emerging variants and support the Covid-19 vaccine update in 2023-2024 to a monovalent XBB.1.5-containing vaccine.
Identification of ade novomutation inTLK1associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder and immunodeficiency
Authors: Villamor-Payà Marina , Sanchiz-Calvo María , Smak Jordann , Pais Lynn , Sud Malika , Shankavaram Uma , Lovgren Alysia Kern , Austin-Tse Christina , Ganesh Vijay S , Gay Marina , Vilaseca Marta , Arauz-Garofalo Gianluca , Palenzuela Lluís , VanNoy Grace , O’Donnell-Luria Anne , Stracker Travis H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Tousled-like kinases 1 and 2 (TLK1/TLK2) regulate DNA replication, repair and chromatin maintenance. TLK2 variants are associated with ‘Intellectual Disability, Autosomal Dominant 57’ (MRD57), a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) characterized by intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and microcephaly. Several TLK1 variants have been reported in NDDs but their functional significance is unknown.MethodsA male patient presenting with ID, seizures, global developmental delay, hypothyroidism, and primary immunodeficiency was determined to have a novel, heterozygous variant in TLK1 (c.1435C>G, p.Q479E) by genome sequencing (GS). Single cell gel electrophoresis, western blot, flow cytometry and RNA-seq were performed in patient-derived lymphoblast cell lines. In silico, biochemical and proteomic analysis were used to determine the functional impact of the p.Q479E variant and previously reported NDD-associated TLK1 variant, p.M566T.ResultsTranscriptome sequencing in patient-derived cells confirmed expression of TLK1 transcripts carrying the p.Q479E variant and revealed alterations in genes involved in class switch recombination and cytokine signaling. Cells expressing the p.Q479E variant exhibited reduced cytokine responses and higher levels of spontaneous DNA damage but not increased sensitivity to radiation or DNA repair defects. The p.Q479E and p.M566T variants impaired kinase activity but did not strongly alter localization or proximal protein interactions.ConclusionOur study provides the first functional characterization of TLK1 variants associated with NDDs and suggests potential involvement in central nervous system and immune system development. Our results indicate that, like TLK2 variants, TLK1 variants may impact development in multiple tissues and should be considered in the diagnosis of rare NDDs.
Optimal tracheal tube rotation patterns for navigating through the glottis: an in-silico quantification
Authors: Schulz Erich B , Carra Schulz Lucy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeeking to unpack some of the anaesthetists’ “knack” for intubation, this study examines the effect of various orientations of the tracheal tube on the anterior movement of the tube tip using a computerised 3D model of intubation.The model used sets of coordinates for the upper incisor tip, lower incisor tip and vallecula extracted from mean values reported in a study of 16 volunteers predicted to have easy laryngoscopy and 16 predicted to have difficult laryngoscopy during both gentle laryngoscopy and laryngoscopy under 50N of lifting force, yielding a total of four sets of airway geometry.Tube orientation was specified with the standard aviation terms pitch, roll and yaw. Observations were repeated across permutations of tube roll (0° to 45°) and yaw (0° to 15°) in all four geometric configurations.Across all four geometries, the most favourable tip location was observed with close to 15° of yaw and 0° roll with an anterior tip movement at the level of the glottis observed between 19.2 and 26.6mm. Unsurprisingly given the curved shapes of the objects involved, incremental movement of the tip was greatest at extreme values of roll and yaw.Both yaw and roll caused posterolateral movement of the maxillary teeth contact point. The posterior motion at the mouth enables the entire tube to pitch tip up. However, rolling the tube caused the tube tip to move posteriorly and the pivot point on the laryngoscope blade to move cephalad, nearly always negating what should be a favourable change in pitch allowed by the posterolateral maxillary dentition contact point.Our analysis suggests that avoiding tube roll while maximising yaw at the time of glottic entrance may be a previously unrecognised manoeuvre to improve tracheal intubation success rate having implications for intubation teaching and simulation. Understanding the importance of posterolateral movement of the tube at the oral cavity also may provide new insights into the cause of some difficult intubations.
Two years of longitudinal measurements of human adenovirus group F, norovirus GI and GII, rotavirus, enterovirus, enterovirus D68, hepatitis A virus,Candida auris, and West Nile virus nucleic-acids in wastewater solids: A retrospective study at two wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Boehm Alexandria B. , Wolfe Marlene K. , White Bradley J. , Hughes Bridgette , Duong Dorothea 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWastewater monitoring for infectious disease targets is increasingly used to better understand circulation of diseases. The present study validated hydrolysis-probe digital droplet (reverse-transcriptase (RT))-PCR assays for important enteric viruses (rotavirus, adenovirus group F, norovirus GI and GII, and enteroviruses), outbreak or emerging viruses (hepatitis A and West Nile virus), and an emerging drug resistant fungal pathogen (Candida auris). We used the assays to retrospectively measure concentrations of the targets in wastewater solids. Viral and fungal nucleic-acid concentrations were measured in two wastewater solids samples per week at two wastewater treatment plants in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, USA for 26 months. We detected all targets in wastewater solids with the exception of West Nile virus. At both wastewater treatment plants, human adenovirus group F was detected at the highest concentrations, followed by norovirus GII, enteroviruses, norovirus GI, and rotavirus at the lowest concentrations. Hepatitis A andC. auriswere detected less consistently than the aforementioned viruses. Enterovirus D68 was detected in a limited time frame during fall 2022 at both sites. The measurements reported herein, and in some cases their seasonal trends, are consistent with previous reports of these targets in wastewater. These measurements represent some of the first quantitative measurements of these infectious disease targets in the solid fraction of wastewater. This study lays a foundation for the use of wastewater solids for the detection of specific infectious disease targets in wastewater monitoring programs aimed to better understand the spread of these diseases.
Temporal Trends in Lifestyle Modification of Patients with Hypertension in Korea, 1998–2021
Authors: Cho Jun Hwan , Park Gyu Tae , Park Kyung-Taek , Kim Hyue Mee , Cho Sungsoo , Lee Sang Yeub , Jeong Young-Hoon , Lee Wang-Soo , Kim Sang-Wook , Won Hoyoun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundLifestyle modification is crucial in managing hypertension, independent of medical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of lifestyle modifications and analyze the trends in lifestyle modification among patients with hypertension in Korea over the past two decades.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 1998 and 2021. The study included adults aged ≥ 20 years. Factors such as regular physical activity, smoking and alcohol abstinence, weight and stress management, and adherence to a healthy diet were analyzed.ResultsA significant threefold increase was observed in the proportion of patients with hypertension who adhered to sodium restriction compared with 20 years ago. However, 70% of patients with hypertension consume more sodium than recommended. Moreover, potassium intake has steadily decreased since 2014, with only 23.8% of patients with hypertension meeting the recommended intake. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference of patients with hypertension have gradually increased, with fewer patients maintaining an appropriate weight. The neglect of diet and weight control among young patients with hypertension who experience high stress levels poses challenges in modifying their lifestyles.ConclusionsPatients with hypertension in Korea still consume high amounts of sodium, whereas potassium intake is gradually decreasing. Additionally, obesity rates have been increasing, especially among young patients with hypertension. Considering the increasing number of young patients with hypertension and the low control rate, the importance of lifestyle modifications should be further emphasized.
Integrating Patient Metadata and Genetic Pathogen Data: Advancing Pandemic Preparedness with a Multi-Parametric Simulator
Authors: Bonjean Maxime , Ambroise Jérôme , Orchard Francisco , Sentis Alexis , Hurel Julie , Hayes Jessica S , Connolly Máire A , Gala Jean-Luc 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTraining and practice are needed to handle an unusual crisis quickly, safely, and effectively. Functional and table-top exercises simulate anticipated CBRNe (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive) and public health crises with complex scenarios based on realistic epidemiological, clinical, and biological data from affected populations. For this reason, the use of anonymized databases, such as those from ECDC or NCBI, are necessary to run meaningful exercises. Creating a training scenario requires connecting different datasets that characterise the population groups exposed to the simulated event. This involves interconnecting laboratory, epidemiological, and clinical data, alongside demographic information.The sharing and connection of data among EU member states currently face shortcomings and insufficiencies due to a variety of factors including variations in data collection methods, standardisation practices, legal frameworks, privacy, and security regulations, as well as resource and infrastructure disparities.During the H2020 project PANDEM-2 (Pandemic Preparedness and Response), we developed a multi-parametric training tool to artificially link together laboratory data and metadata. We used SARS-CoV-2 and ECDC and NCBI open-access databases to enhance pandemic preparedness.We developed a comprehensive training procedure that encompasses guidelines, scenarios, and answers, all designed to assist users in effectively utilising the simulator.Our tool empowers training managers and trainees to enhance existing datasets by generating additional variables through data-driven or random simulations. Furthermore, it facilitates the augmentation of a specific variable’s proportion within a given set, allowing for the customization of scenarios to achieve desired outcomes.Our multi-parameter simulation tool is contained in the R packagePandem2simulator, available athttps://github.com/maous1/Pandem2simulator. A Shiny application, developed to make the tool easy to use, is available athttps://uclouvain-ctma.Shinyapps.io/Multi-parametricSimulator/. The tool runs in seconds despite using large data sets.In conclusion, this multi-parametric training tool can simulate any crisis scenario, improving pandemic and CBRN preparedness and response. The simulator serves as a platform to develop methodology and graphical representations of future database-connected applications.