bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Technology Tool for Routine Immunization: Lessons Learned from Open Data Kit Intervention and Way Forward
Authors: Ugwu GO , Odii A , Bisi-Onyemaechi A , Ezema GU , Okeke C , Uzochukwu BSC , Onwujekwe O , Mbachu C 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Digital technology tools like open data kit (ODK) can improve the quality of routine immunization (RI) data, yet we know very little about how well it performs.

Aim:
This study evaluated the implementation of ODK for RI data capture and transmission. We also discussed the way forward for the uptake of ODK for RI data capture and transmission.

Methods:
Sixty focal persons were recruited from 60 PHCs and trained for two days on the use of ODK. The DHIS2 tools that include daily immunization register, daily vaccine utilization summary, and daily TT immunization register were loaded into ODK. The participants collected RI data and transmitted same via ODK to a secure server for 3 months. At the end of the exercise, we conducted six (ten per group) focus group discussions with them. They were interviewed to share their experiences. The implementation was evaluated using Proctor’s outcomes with a specific focus on acceptability, adoption, and appropriateness.

Results:
Findings show that users were satisfied with the use of ODK for RI data capture and transmission. It was reported that ODK removed the need to transport data from the facilities to the local government headquarters for entry into the DHIS2 platform. It was also learned that it reduced errors and inconsistencies commonly reported in RI data.

Conclusion:
Digital technologies like ODK can improve the quality of RI data in Nigeria. Policymakers and implementers must, however, consider contextual issues relating to the incentivization of staff.
Evaluating an Intervention to Improve the Quality of Routine Immunization Data and Monitoring System in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Pre-and Post-Study
Authors: Ogbuabor D , Ghasi N , Nwangwu C , Okenwa U , Ezenwaka U , Onwujekwe O 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Studies evaluating what interventions might improve the quality of routine immunization (RI) data and use in decision-making are scarce in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the effect of a data-focused intervention on the accuracy of RI data and the quality of the data monitoring system (DMS).

Methods:
A ”before and after” study was conducted in randomly selected health facilities (n = 60) in Enugu State, Nigeria. Data on three routine vaccinations in tallied registers, facility reports, and District Heath Information System II, and the quality of the DMS were compared before and after the intervention. The DMS covered recording, reporting, archiving, demographic information, core output and analysis, and data use. The intervention included monthly data review meetings and supervision of facility RI staff. We compared mean differences (MD) of log-transformed data accuracy and quality scores between baseline and end-line using paired samples t-test. Additionally, interviews were conducted with purposively selected RI stakeholders (n = 21) on the interventions and self-selected changes in RI data management practices. Data were coded and analyzed thematically using NVivo software version 11.

Results:
The accuracy of Measles2 facility reports improved post-intervention (MD = -0.62, t = 2.70, ρ = 0.009). The overall quality of the DMS (MD = -10.1, t = -4.4, ρ = 0.001), recording (MD = -6.5, t = -3.0, ρ = 0.048), demographic information (MD = -24.1, t = -6.1, ρ = 0.001), core output and analysis (MD = -14.2, t = -3.9, ρ = 0.004), and data use (MD = -17.05, t = -4.3, ρ = 0.001) improved post-intervention. Regarding the qualitative findings, adopting “tally as you vaccinate,” timely reporting, use of demographic information, archiving paper records, updating the monitoring charts regularly, and data-informed decisions improved the RI data monitoring system. However, resistance to changes in recording practices, staff shortage, use of inappropriate denominators, interrupted supply of monitoring charts, and lack of funds constrained the data monitoring system.

Conclusion:
Supervision and data review meetings improve the accuracy of Measles2 and the quality of the RI DMS. The feasibility of sustaining the data management practices requires RI stakeholders to address contextual limitations identified in this study.
Acceptability of Peer Learning and Support for Strengthening Routine Immunization Data in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Sasetu SI , Mbachu CO , Addulkarim DI , Iliya S , Ezumah N , Odonye CE , Adis MU , Onwujekwe OE 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Peer learning and support network (PLSN) has been shown to improve real-time accountability processes in data management, foster a supportive learning environment, and contribute to improved quality of immunization data.

Aim:
This study was conducted to assess the acceptability of PLSN and the intervention-related enabling factors among primary healthcare workers and routine immunization programme managers in Nasarawa state.

Materials and Methods:
Monthly PLSN sessions were conducted at facility and LGA levels over a three-month period. The acceptability of the intervention was evaluated using six constructs of Theoretical Framework for Acceptability. Data were collected through 26 key informant interviews and survey of 111 primary healthcare workers. Acceptability was measured on a five-point Likert scale using a 32-item composite scale with six subscales for affective attitude, experienced burden, ethicality, opportunity cost, perceived coherence and experienced effectiveness on RI data quality. Median scores were estimated and these were used to generate the rates and levels of acceptability. Qualitative data was analyzed manually using thematic approach.

Results:
The composite score for acceptability was 4.02 (IQR: 2.89 - 4.90) Affective attitude had a score of 4.17 (3.17 – 4.67); experienced burden was 3.57 (2.43 – 5); ethicality was 4 (1 – 5); opportunity cost was 4 (2.25 – 5); intervention coherence was 4 (2.75 – 5); and experienced effectiveness was 4.4 (2.6 – 5). The overall rate of acceptability was 50.91% and the level of acceptability was 74.55%. There was no significant relationship between acceptability and participants’ age, gender and years in service. The intervention-related enablers of the PLSN were, (i) its participatory and inclusive nature; (ii) the flexibility in scheduling of PLSN activities; (iii) integration of activities with existing data review processes. Although PLSN was perceived as burdensome, participants had a positive attitude and perceived it to be effective and ethical.

Conclusion:
Enablers of acceptability should be harnessed to reduce the burden of PLSN on health workers.
Data Quality and use in Primary Health Care: A Case Study of the Immunization Program in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Eze II , Ogbu M , Ossai EN , Ekenna A , Okoronkwo I , Onwujekwe O 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Reliable immunization data are vital for optimal coverage, informed decision-making, and efficient program implementation.

Aim:
This study assessed the quality of immunization data generation and use in primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 244 health facilities (HFs), selected through cluster sampling, across six local government areas (LGAs) in Ebonyi State. Information on the accuracy, completeness, timeliness, and monitoring system of the immunization program was collected using a validated Data Quality Self-Assessment (DQS) questionnaire and analyzed with IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software, version 25. The quality index was determined by the proportion of scores for all questions answered, “Yes,” divided by the maximum scores that could be obtained and converted into percentages. The quality index was defined as good for a score of ≥80%. The Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. The statistical significance level was set at a P value of <0.05.

Results:
Accurate, complete, and timely data were recorded in 137 (56.1%), 133 (56.6%), and 81 (33.3%) HFs, respectively. Overall, quality data were observed in a minor proportion, 14 (5.7%) of HFs. The HFs with good-quality data on specific monitoring indices include archiving (109 (44.7%)), reporting (106 (43.4%)), demographic information (58 (23.8%)), evidence of use of data (45 (18.4%)), recording (40 (16.4%)), and core output (14 (6.7%)). Accuracy was predicted by good reporting (AOR = 35.714, CI = 13.260–96.196); completeness was predicted by good archiving (OR = 26.749, CI = 11.514–62.144).

Conclusion:
Data quality and use in PHC are suboptimal. Integrating the quality self-assessment concept into staff training and supportive performance supervision could improve immunization data quality and use.
Case Report: Duodenal Papillary Stenosis Secondary to Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in a Non-Immunocompromised Host
Authors: Vera Torres Alonso , González Laura Peña , Mususú William Cruz , Vásquez Sergio Valencia , Cortés Mejía Nicolás Andrés , López Panqueva Rocío del Pilar 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT.
Strongyloides stercoralis infection is a common infection in tropical and subtropical regions and is considered one of the “neglected tropical diseases.” Owing to its life cycle, this infection can remain undetectable for years, preventing an early diagnosis and prompt treatment. We report the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented to us with a history of nausea, abdominal pain, bloating, and weight loss and, after initial radiologic and laboratory workup, was diagnosed with a periampullary mass with no secondary spread. She underwent an uneventful pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy, and on histopathological study of the lesion, a diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection was confirmed. This case stands out because of the importance of keeping S. stercoralis infections as a differential diagnosis of periampullary masses, particularly when the patient comes from regions where S. stercoralis is prevalent.
Pre – Trial Justice Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Untuk Perlindungan Hak-Hak Tersangka
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar 
Published: June 2023

Artikel ini bertujuan membahas mengenai Pre-Trial Justice dalam sistem peradilan pidana sebagau upaya untuk perlindungan terhadap hak-hak tersangka. Kajian dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana agar hak-hak tersangka yang berhadapan dengan hukum dapat terlindungi dari tindakan sewenang-wenang dari upaya pemeriksaan yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum yang melakukan pemeriksaan terhadap tersangka, karena mengingat setiap orang (tersangka) juga harus dijamin hak asasi nya walaupun ber status sebagai orang yang melanggar norma hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan (library research). Kemudian data yang dikumpulkan dalam penulisan penelitian ini diperoleh dari berbagai sumber atau bahan rujukan yaitu antara lain dari buku-buku, peraturan perundang-undangan serta bahan rujukan yang lainnya yang mempunyai kaitan dengan pembahasan yang sedang dikaji. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, agar hak-hak tersangka dapat terlindungi maka pada tahapan pre trial Justice (pra persidangan) harus selalu mengedepankan asas-asas hukum yang bisa menjamin terlindunginya hak-hak tersangka selama dalam proses pemeriksaan, asas-asas hukum tersebut ialah Presumption of innocence, accusatoir, In dubio pro reo serta asas-asas hukum lainnya. Selain Asas-asas tersebut juga ada proses tahapan pra peradilan yang bisa menjamin perlindungan terhadap hak-hak tersangka. Pra peradilan mengatur antara lain mengenai ketentuan sah atau tidaknya suatu penangkapan atau penehanan, agar hak tersangka dapat terlindungi.
Effects of Environmental Change on Species Diversity
Authors: Mulinge Joshua 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The aim of the study is to assess the effects of environmental changes on species diversity
Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries
Findings: The study found that environmental changes, such as deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and urbanization, lead to a decline in species diversity. Climate change has emerged as a critical driver of changes in species diversity. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and sea-level rise have caused shifts in species distributions, changes in community composition, and reductions in species richness. Pollution including water and air pollution, has detrimental effects on species diversity especially in aquatic ecosystems.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on the theory of island biogeography which was propounded by Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson and niche theory which was originally proposed by G.E. Hutchinson. The study recommended that conservation efforts should prioritize habitat preservation and restoration. Protecting and restoring natural habitats is crucial for maintaining species diversity. Conservation practices should focus on minimizing habitat loss, creating ecological corridors, and rehabilitating degraded habitats. Environmental policies and regulations should be designed to mitigate the drivers of environmental change and promote sustainable practices.
Effectiveness of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Children With Hemiparesis Associated With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Regalado Adam , Decker Bonnie , Flaherty Breanna M , Zimmer Lindsee , Brown India 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Importance: This systemic review synthesizes the existing literature to determine whether constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is more effective than other approaches in improving upper extremity function in children diagnosed with hemiparesis associated with cerebral palsy (CP).
Objective: To advance the knowledge of the effectiveness of CIMT for occupational therapy practitioners by critiquing research conducted over the past 20 yr.
Data Sources: Databases used in the search were CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, PsycINFO, PubMed, Research Gate, and Google Scholar. Studies published from 2001 to 2021 were reviewed.
Study Selection and Data Collection: Articles were included if (1) the primary diagnosis was hemiparesis associated with CP; (2) participants were younger than age 21 yr; (3) constraint-induced therapy, CIMT, or other modified forms of CIMT were offered as an intervention; and (4) there was at least one group in the study.
Findings: Forty studies were included in the analysis. The results demonstrate that CIMT produces improved affected upper extremity function when compared with general rehabilitation. However, there were no differences in outcomes when bimanual approaches were compared with CIMT.
Conclusions and Relevance: The data support that CIMT is a beneficial and effective treatment when used to improve the upper extremity function of children with hemiparesis associated with CP. However, more Level 1b studies are needed to compare CIMT with bimanual therapy to determine which one is most effective and under which conditions.
What This Article Adds: This systematic review demonstrates that CIMT is an effective intervention when compared with other therapeutic approaches. This intervention can be used by occupational therapy practitioners who work with children diagnosed with hemiparesis associated with CP.
Lung function and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shen Jiran , Wang Yue , Zhou Sijing , Tang Min , Li Min , Han Rui , Wang Ran 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionAssociations of pulmonary function as evaluated by forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been reported in observational studies. Nevertheless, observational studies are susceptible to bias and reverse causality, making it difficult to infer the existence and direction of causality. We aimed to evaluate the causal effect of pulmonary function on NAFLD using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method.Material and methodsWe performed univariate MR, multivariate MR, and bidirectional two-sample MR analyses to jointly assess the causal relationship between pulmonary function and NAFLD. In addition to the inverse variance weighting method as the primary MR analysis, three complementary methods were also performed. A series of sensitivity analyses were carried out to rule out pleiotropy.ResultsWe found that each genetically predicted (standard deviation) SD increase in FEV1 and FVC was associated with decreased NAFLD risk. However, after adjusting for height in the multivariate MR, only the effect of FEV1 on NAFLD risk remained significant. Furthermore, we found no causal effect of NAFLD on lung function in the reverse MR analysis.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that reduced lung function, especially FEV1, is causally associated with the risk of NAFLD. Although the mechanism remains unclear, FEV1 could be considered when assessing NAFLD risk and as a potential target for NAFLD prevention.
Non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy in children. Diagnostics, differential diagnostics, tactics of diet therapy
Authors: Макарова С.Г. , Лаврова Т.Е. , Новик Г.А. 
Published: June 2023

В рутинной педиатрической практике не-IgЕ-опосредованные формы гастроинтестинальной пищевой аллергии по-прежнему остаются плохо распознаваемыми. Это обусловлено многообразием клинических проявлений, отсутствием достоверных лабораторных диагностических методов, неочевидной ассоциацией со временем и причинно-следственной связью с аллергеном. Незрелость барьерных механизмов, ранний перевод ребенка на искусственное вскармливание увеличивают проникновение в организм значительного количества чужеродных белков и способствуют развитию пищевой сенсибилизации. Принято выделять следующие клинические формы гастроинтестинальной не-IgE-опосредованной пищевой аллергии у детей – синдром энтероколита, индуцированного пищевыми белками, индуцированная пищей энтеропатия и индуцированный пищей проктоколит. В случае не-IgE-опосредованных реакций со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта диета остается универсальным диагностическим и лечебным мероприятием. Элиминация значимого аллергена позволяет обеспечить иммунологический покой и формирование пищевой толерантности. В этой связи принципиально важными становятся строгость и продолжительность соблюдения элиминационной диеты (комплаентность). В статье описываются клинические фенотипы гастроинтестинальной пищевой аллергии, приводится дифференциальный диагноз в зависимости от уровня аллергического воспаления, описываются принципы и протоколы диагностической и элиминационной диеты.
In routine pediatric practice, non-IgE-mediated forms of gastrointestinal food allergy are still poorly recognized. This is due to the variety of clinical manifestations, the lack of reliable laboratory diagnostic methods, the unclear association with time, and the causal relationship with the allergen. Immature barrier mechanisms and early transition to formula feeding increase the penetration of allergen proteins, leading to sensitization. The article discusses three clinical forms of non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy in children: food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, food protein enteropathy, and food protein-induced proctocolitis. In these cases, diet is a universal diagnostic and therapeutic measure. Eliminating the allergen allows for immunological reset and the induce the food tolerance. Therefore, strict adherence to elimination diets is crucial. The article also provides a differential diagnosis based on the level of allergic inflammation of the intestine and outlines principles and protocols for diagnostic and elimination diets.
OH measurements in the coastal atmosphere of South China: possible missing OH sinks in aged air masses
Authors: Zou Zhouxing , Chen Qianjie , Xia Men , Yuan Qi , Chen Yi , Wang Yanan , Xiong Enyu , Wang Zhe , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the main atmospheric oxidant responsible for
the removal of many reduced trace gases and the formation of secondary air
pollutants. However, due to technical difficulties in measuring OH, the
existing measurements of atmospheric OH concentrations are limited, and its
sources and sinks are not well understood under low-nitrogen-oxide
(NOx) conditions. In this study, we observed the OH concentrations
using chemical ionization mass spectrometry at a coastal site in Hong Kong
from October to November 2020. The average noontime OH concentration over
the study period was measured at 4.9±2.1×106 cm−3. We found that a box model with comprehensive observational constraints reproduced the observed daytime OH concentrations when air parcels originated from the continental regions. However, this model overpredicted the observed daytime OH concentrations for coastal air parcels by 142 % on average. Unaccounted-for OH sinks in the model are proposed to be the cause of this overprediction. A missing OH reactivity, which is defined as the pseudo-first-order rate coefficient for OH loss by unmeasured trace gases, was estimated as 5.0±2.6 s−1 (lower limit) in the coastal air, and the missing reactivity increased with decreasing concentrations of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Further studies are needed to find out the exact cause of the model overestimation and to identify the suspected unmeasured chemical species that contribute to the OH budget, in order to better quantify the formation of secondary air pollutants.
DERS-BOŞ ZAMAN ÇATIŞMASINDA ÖZNEL MUTLULUĞUN YERİ: GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: BAL TURAN Emine , AYBEK Aycen , YAĞAR Gül 
Published: June 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada ders-boş zaman çatışması ile öznel mutluluk arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır
Yöntem: Çalışma için örneklem seçiminde basit tesadüfi örnekleme seçimi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın evreni Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesinde okuyan üniversite öğrencilerinden oluşurken örneklemi de Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde okuyan 227 öğrencilerden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu, “Ders-Boş Zaman Çatışma Ölçeği” ve “Öznel Mutluluk Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışma bulgularına bakıldığında, üniversite öğrencilerinin öznel mutluluk ve ders-boş zaman çatışma ölçeklerinden ortalama puan aldıkları görülmüştür. Katılımcıların okudukları sınıf değişkeni açısından ders-boş zaman çatışması yoğunluk alt boyutunda ve okudukları bölüm değişkeni incelendiğinde ders-boş zaman çatışması zaman alt boyutunda anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu doğrultuda da, öğrencilerin herhangi bir şekilde öznel mutluluk ve ders-boş zaman çatışması adına bir problem yaşamadıkları görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Boş zaman, çatışma, mutluluk, öğrenci