bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protectionism and its Impact on MNC Subsidiaries’ Performance
Authors: Ghauri Pervez N. , Xiao Shufeng Simon , Park Byung Il , Choi Seong-Jin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between local protectionism and performance of multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiaries in China. We integrate overarching theories (i.e., institutional theory and extended resource-based view) to investigate a model for identifying whether local protectionism at the subnational level is beneficial or detrimental for foreign subsidiary operations or functions as a double-edged sword. We also examine whether or not internal organizational capabilities and relational capital with government moderate the effects. On the basis of regression analyses, our empirical findings reveal that the positive or negative effects of subnational protectionism in China depend on performance types. Moreover, performance contribution is considerably moderated by various internal capabilities of MNC subsidiaries. Findings offer valuable and practical implications for MNCs intending to invest in emerging economies.
Informal Tyre Dealers in South Africa: an Assessment of Their Contributions to a Circular Economy
Authors: Schenck C. J. , Blaauw D. , Theodore N. , Niyobuhungiro R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFaced with extraordinarily high unemployment, the long-term unemployed in South Africa increasingly have been securing livelihoods outside of standard waged work. Many are establishing unregistered, micro-enterprises that provide low-cost goods and services to low-income households. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study of unregistered (informal) second-hand tyre dealers in three South African cities to better assess their role in urban economies. Interviews with informal tyre dealers were conducted to understand how their businesses are positioned along the waste tyre value chain, their prospects for generating employment, and their potential to contribute to product reuse and repurposing. By extending the useful lives of tyres, informal dealerships can be analysed through a circular economy framework that acknowledges their varied environmental, economic, and social benefits. Concerns, however, are raised about the unregulated sale of second-hand tyres, some of which are unsafe and pose risks for road users. This in turn gives rise to difficult trade-offs between on the one hand the economic and environmental benefits of informal tyre sales and road safety on the other.
Die äußere Chloroplastenmembran–kein passives Sieb für Metabolite!
Authors: Bölter Bettina , Hagn Franz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChloroplasts are essential for energy production and metabolism in plants. Metabolites need to be transported across the two envelope membranes of the chloroplast. In contrast to the inner envelope, we know little about the properties of the outer envelope. We here summarize structural and functional insights on the prototype outer envelope channel OEP21 suggesting that these channels have a distinct level of selectivity, opposing the idea of acting as more simple and passive molecular sieves.
Chlamydien als Risikofaktoren für Eierstock- und Gebärmutterhalskrebs
Authors: Vollmuth Nadine , Rudel Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEpidemiological studies provide the first indications of a connection between cervical and ovarian cancer and infections with Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted diseases. These obligate intracellular bacteria manipulate their host cells to support progeny formation. In this article, we present possible mechanisms that allow the bacteria to survive in the host cell, but at the same time may contribute to the development of cancer.
Herzenzunder
Authors: Berger Michael 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Forderung nach einer imitatio, die Legenden als erbauliche Texte an ihr Publikum stellen, bleibt in der Regel relativ unspezifisch und bezieht sich sehr allgemein auf die moralische Integrität des Heiligen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, wie Konrad von Würzburg diesen legendentypischen Appell im Pantaleon für sein Publikum konkretisiert, indem er ihn auf ein Rezeptionsideal hin auslegt. Durch die direkte Ansprache an das Publikum im Prolog und durch die Schilderung von Erkenntnisprozessen der Figuren skizziert er die Modalitäten, die eine gewinnbringende Wirkung einer guten Lehre ermöglichen. Dabei kommen Literarisierungsstrategien zum Einsatz, um auf die Erwartungen und Bedürfnisse eines literaturaffinen Publikums zu reagieren und bekannte Muster für die Interpretation legendarischer Texte aufzurufen. Indem die angemessene Rezeption der Legende für die erfolgreiche Entfaltung ihres ethischen Potentials vorausgesetzt wird, wird die Verantwortung für das Gelingen des erbaulichen Anspruches der Legende letztlich dem Publikum selbst zugeschrieben.
Assessment of biochar developed via torrefaction of food waste as feedstock for steam gasification to produce hydrogen rich gas
Authors: Yadav Sanjeev , Singh Dharminder 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, the torrefaction of food waste was carried out using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) to produce biochar and assess its suitability as feedstock for steam gasification. Torrefaction was conducted at temperature from 230 to 290 °C and the heating rate from 10 °C/min to 30 °C/min. Subsequently, the detailed characterization was conducted using proximate, elemental, lignocellulosic, nutrient analysis, and TGA analysis. The proximate and elemental analysis showed that biochar had the highest fixed and elemental carbon at the highest temperature (290 °C) and lowest heating rate (10 °C/min). Similarly, TGA indicated that increase in temperature increased the mass loss, however, increase in heating rate did not yield much change in mass loss. Additionally, lignocellulosic and nutrient analysis showed that lignin fraction increased (up to 80%) with increases in severity of the torrefaction due to significant decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, starch, proteins, and lipids. Thereafter, the kinetic parameters (activation energy, pre-exponential factor) of torrefaction of food waste were determined using the two-step decomposition model which showed a good fit with experimental data. Finally, the biochar developed was used for energy production using steam gasification which produced syngas with maximum yield of 3.75 m3/Kg and having hydrogen fraction of around 65% at the optimal conditions (temperature: 290 °C, heating rate: 10 °C/min).
Graphical Abstract
Progress on high-temperature protective coatings for aero-engines
Authors: Guo Lei , He Wenting , Chen Wenbo , Xue Zhaolu , He Jian , Guo Yiqian , Wu Yang , Gao Lihua , Li Dongqing , Zhang Zhao , Wei Liangliang , Gao Yuyi , Zhang Tiehao , Qiao Jiao , Li Qianhui , Guo Hongbo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAero-engine is a key part of aircraft, the operating temperature of which is being pushed to unprecedented levels for higher engine efficiency and performance. To accomplish higher gas-inlet temperature of aero-engines, applying thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on hot-section metallic components, or even replacing some of the metallic components in aero-engines with ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) and applying environmental-barrier coatings (EBCs) on them, are effective methods and have been widely accepted. On the other hand, increasing aero-engines operating temperature causes the aircraft more easily be detected, thus stealth coatings are necessary for engines. Except the hottest part in aero-engines, other parts may not need TBCs or EBCs due to the relatively low operating temperature, but they still need protection from oxidation and corrosion. Hence, corrosion-resistant coatings are essential. In this paper, the latest progress of the above high-temperature protective coatings, i.e., TBCs, EBCs, stealth coatings and corrosion-resistant coatings is reviewed, mainly including their materials, fabrication technologies and performance. In addition, due to the harsh operating environment, these protective coatings face many threats such as calcia-magnesia-aluminosilicates (CMAS) attack, causing premature failure of the coatings, which is also concerned in this paper. The work would provide a comprehensive understanding on the high-temperature protective coatings in aero-engines and guidance for developing advanced protective coatings for next-generation aero-engines.
Collapse and diffusion in harmonic activation and transport
Authors: Calvert Jacob , Ganguly Shirshendu , Hammond Alan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For an n-element subset U of

$\mathbb {Z}^2$

, select x from U according to harmonic measure from infinity, remove x from U and start a random walk from x. If the walk leaves from y when it first enters the rest of U, add y to it. Iterating this procedure constitutes the process we call harmonic activation and transport (HAT).
HAT exhibits a phenomenon we refer to as collapse: Informally, the diameter shrinks to its logarithm over a number of steps which is comparable to this logarithm. Collapse implies the existence of the stationary distribution of HAT, where configurations are viewed up to translation, and the exponential tightness of diameter at stationarity. Additionally, collapse produces a renewal structure with which we establish that the center of mass process, properly rescaled, converges in distribution to two-dimensional Brownian motion.
To characterize the phenomenon of collapse, we address fundamental questions about the extremal behavior of harmonic measure and escape probabilities. Among n-element subsets of

$\mathbb {Z}^2$

, what is the least positive value of harmonic measure? What is the probability of escape from the set to a distance of, say, d? Concerning the former, examples abound for which the harmonic measure is exponentially small in n. We prove that it can be no smaller than exponential in

$n \log n$

. Regarding the latter, the escape probability is at most the reciprocal of

$\log d$

, up to a constant factor. We prove it is always at least this much, up to an n-dependent factor.
The impact of outside option saliency and product descriptions on consumer wine tasting behavior
Authors: Streletskaya Nadia A. , Weerasekara Nadeeka , Li Jie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConsumer choice of differentiated products, such as wine, depends on the composition of the choice set consumers are choosing from. However, choice sets are often situationally defined through wine-tasting lists or displayed wines in a particular tasting and sales environment. In this paper, we use an experiment to explicitly modify the saliency of wine options available outside the tasting room choice set and the amount of sensory information available about the wines before wine tasting. We explicitly test whether consumer regret and fear of missing out on alternative options or consumer search costs are more likely to drive behavior around large choice sets. We find that increasing the saliency of outside options decreases one's propensity to taste the wines available for tasting and purchase immediately, while changing search costs through sensory descriptions does not affect tasting behavior. This provides support for the anticipated regret and fear of missing out motivations for behavior around large wine-tasting lists.
Non-Orientable Lagrangian Fillings of Legendrian Knots
Authors: CHEN LINYI , CRIDER-PHILLIPS GRANT , REINOSO BRAEDEN , SABLOFF JOSHUA , YAO LEYU 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate when a Legendrian knot in the standard contact
${{\mathbb{R}}}^3$
has a non-orientable exact Lagrangian filling. We prove analogs of several results in the orientable setting, develop new combinatorial obstructions to fillability, and determine when several families of knots have such fillings. In particular, we completely determine when an alternating knot (and more generally a plus-adequate knot) is decomposably non-orientably fillable and classify the fillability of most torus and 3-strand pretzel knots. We also describe rigidity phenomena of decomposable non-orientable fillings, including finiteness of the possible normal Euler numbers of fillings and the minimisation of crosscap numbers of fillings, obtaining results which contrast in interesting ways with the smooth setting.
Immigration Clashes, Party Polarization, and Republican Radicalization: Tracking Shifts in State and National Party Platforms since 1980
Authors: Walters Kirsten , Skocpol Theda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudies of U.S. politics increasingly aim to make sense of two key trends: party polarization and Republican Party radicalization. Surprisingly, however, party divergences on immigration have been largely overlooked. Drawing on state and national political party platforms since 1980, we document the rise of attention to immigration, the polarization of substantive party positions, and the sharp GOP turn toward restrictive measures. After pinpointing the timing and relative trajectories of national and state-level agenda shifts, we explore potential drivers and establish two sets of flashpoint events worth further study: highly visible and mostly deadlocked congressional battles over immigration grand bargains, and bottom-up reverberations from the widespread 2006 immigrant rights protests and post-2008 Tea Party organizing. We find that grassroots Tea Party efforts were intervening accelerators rather than original causes of the Republican embrace of tough immigration restrictions. The article concludes by stressing the chronological layering of successive party polarizations—from 1960s divergences around civil rights, through clashes about abortion and LGBTQ rights from the late 1970s to the 1990s, and followed by immigration polarization in the 2000s. This process of layering polarizations on top of one another may have supercharged recent GOP turns toward ethnonationalism and tolerance for threats of violence.
The Excluded Tree Minor Theorem Revisited
Authors: Dujmović Vida , Hickingbotham Robert , Joret Gwenaël , Micek Piotr , Morin Pat , Wood David R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe prove that for every tree
$T$
of radius
$h$
, there is an integer
$c$
such that every
$T$
-minor-free graph is contained in
$H\boxtimes K_c$
for some graph
$H$
with pathwidth at most
$2h-1$
. This is a qualitative strengthening of the Excluded Tree Minor Theorem of Robertson and Seymour (GM I). We show that radius is the right parameter to consider in this setting, and
$2h-1$
is the best possible bound.
Momordica charantia L. var. muricata Willd is a donor for higher fruit number and yield in bitter gourd breeding
Authors: Lavale Shivaji Ajinath , Mathew Deepu , Prasad Shri Hari , Feba Jacob Thoppurathu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe potential of Momordica charantia var. muricata, a little-known wild form, as a source of favourable alleles in breeding and improvement of bitter melons (M. charantia var. charantia), is demonstrated. The M. charantia var. charantia cultivar Priyanka and M. charantia var. muricata accession IC634896 were crossed with each other and cross ability and performance of F1 plants were studied. These botanical varieties were fully cross-compatible on either direction. Surprisingly, cross of Priyanka × IC634896 produced 80.0 fruits compared to 17.0 in Priyanka and fruit yield per plant (2287.4 g) was more than double that in Priyanka (1042.3 g). This hybrid has to be back crossed with commercial cultivar to improve its fruit size, with no compromise on fruit number. This is the first study showing the promise of M. charantia var. muricata as a potential donor in bitter melon breeding.
Leveraging emerging technologies to enable environmental monitoring and accountability in conflict zones
Authors: Zwijnenburg Wim , Ballinger Ollie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe growth of access to the internet, wide availability of smart phones and increased public access to remote sensing data from hundreds of satellite systems have spurred a revolution in tracking the linkages between armed conflict and environmental damage. Over the last decade, a growing community of open-source investigative experts, environmentalists, academics and civil society groups have applied these methods to document war crimes, human rights violations and environmental degradation. These developments have created new opportunities for building accountability and transparency. The wealth of data on conflict-linked environmental damage has already been successfully leveraged to address acute and long-term environmental health risks and inform humanitarian response and post-conflict environmental assessments in Iraq, Syria and Ukraine. There are, however, larger questions on how to best make use of these data streams and information layers, and how to navigate the opportunities and limitations of these developments. This article will outline the new developments in this field and provide recommendations to ensure that data is used responsibly and effectively to strengthen accountability for environmental damages as a result of armed conflict.
Investigating Spatial and Temporal Structuring of E‐Region Coherent Scattering Regions Over Northern Norway
Authors: Huyghebaert Devin , Chau Jorge L. , Spicher Andres , Ivarsen Magnus F. , Clahsen Matthias , Latteck Ralph , Vierinen Juha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, it has been shown that the Spread Spectrum Interferometric Multistatic meteor radar Observing Network radar system located in northern Norway is capable of measuring ionospheric E‐region coherent scatter with spatial and temporal resolutions on the order of 1.5 km and 2 s, respectively. Four different events from June and July of 2022 are examined in the present study, where the coherent scatter measurements are used as a tracer for large‐scale ionospheric phenomena such as plasma density enhancements and ionospheric electric fields. By applying a two‐dimensional Fourier analysis to range‐time‐intensity data, we perform a multi‐scale spatial and temporal investigation to determine the change in range over time of large‐scale ionospheric structures (>3 km) which are compared with line‐of‐sight velocities of the small scale structures (∼5 m) determined from the Doppler shift of the coherent scatter. The spectral characteristics of the large‐scale structures are also investigated and logarithmic spectral slopes for scale sizes of 100–10 km were found to be between −3.0 and −1.5. This agrees with much of the previous work on the spatial spectra scaling for ionospheric electric fields. This analysis aids in characterizing the source of the plasma turbulence and provides crucial information about how energy is redistributed from large to small scales in the E‐region ionosphere.
On the Propagation of Whistler‐Mode Waves in the Magnetic Ducts
Authors: Nejad Salman A. , Streltsov Anatoly V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper studies extremely low frequency (ELF) whistler‐mode waves' behavior within small‐scale magnetic field irregularities in the Earth's magnetosphere, known as magnetic ducts. Based on the magnetic fields' magnitude inside and outside these ducts, they are categorized as high‐magnetic ducts and low‐magnetic ducts (LBD). Using the whistler‐mode dispersion relation analysis, our primary focus is to show that LBDs are prone to leak electromagnetic energy outside the duct. We further investigate the hypothesis that whistlers can propagate within LBDs without any signal loss when the width of the duct corresponds to an integer multiple of the perpendicular wavelengths of the waves inside it. This condition offers a straightforward and effective method for identifying non‐leaking eigenmodes of LBDs. Our analysis of this non‐leaking condition reveals that every LBD possesses a finite number of non‐leaking eigenmodes directly proportional to the duct's width and the magnitude of the ambient magnetic field within it. The analytical results are then validated using two‐dimensional, time‐dependent simulations of the electron‐Magnetohydrodynamics model. Also, we model the non‐leaking propagation of an ELF whistler‐mode wave observed inside the LBD by the NASA Magnetospheric Multiscale mission satellites.
Investigating Future Arctic Sea Ice Loss and Near‐Surface Wind Speed Changes Related to Surface Roughness Using the Community Earth System Model
Authors: DuVivier Alice K. , Vavrus Stephen J. , Holland Marika M. , Landrum Laura , Shields Christine A. , Thaker Rudradutt 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Arctic is undergoing a pronounced and rapid transformation in response to changing greenhouse gasses, including reduction in sea ice extent and thickness. There are also projected increases in near‐surface Arctic wind. This study addresses how the winds trends may be driven by changing surface roughness and/or stability in different Arctic regions and seasons, something that has not yet been thoroughly investigated. We analyze 50 experiments from the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) Large Ensemble and five experiments using CESM2 with an artificially decreased sea ice roughness to match that of the open ocean. We find that with a smoother surface there are higher mean wind speeds and slower mean ice speeds in the autumn, winter, and spring. The artificially reduced surface roughness also strongly impacts the wind speed trends in autumn and winter, and we find that atmospheric stability changes are also important contributors to driving wind trends in both experiments. In contrast to the clear impacts on winds, the sea ice mean state and trends are statistically indistinguishable, suggesting that near‐surface winds are not major drivers of Arctic sea ice loss. Two major results of this work are: (a) the near‐surface wind trends are driven by changes in both surface roughness and near‐surface atmospheric stability that are themselves changing from sea ice loss, and (b) the sea ice mean state and trends are driven by the overall warming trend due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions and not significantly impacted by coupled feedbacks with the surface winds.
Classification of Turbulent Mixing Driven Sources in Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer With Use of Shipborne Coherent Doppler Lidar Observations
Authors: Wang Xiaoye , Dai Guangyao , Wu Songhua , Zhu Peizhi , Li Ziwang , Song Xiaoquan , Zhang Suping , Xu Jing , Yin Jiaping , Qin Shengguang , Wang Xitao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA method to identify the turbulent mixing sources within the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) based on the shipborne coherent Doppler lidar measurements is introduced in this paper. Combining with the coherent Doppler lidar signal‐to‐noise ratio, vertical velocity skewness, turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate, and wind shear intensity, the categories of turbulent mixing sources and the specific turbulent mixing sources could be determined. The method is applied into two voyages of MABL observation during May 2021 in the South China Sea and during April 2022 in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. The turbulent mixing processes are captured and the classification of the turbulence driven sources within the MABL are realized. The temporal‐spatial evolution characteristics of the turbulence mixing process in the MABL are investigated under different weather conditions containing clear‐sky day, cloudy‐sky day, and sea‐fog day. The convective mixing process is recognized in the daytime of the clear‐sky day and the intermittent cloud‐driven turbulence exists below the cloud layer. Additionally, the turbulent mixing is weak which could not act as the main driven source during the sea‐fog day. Furthermore, the dominant turbulence scale analyses of different turbulence sources are conducted based on the cospectra of the vertical velocity and the horizontal speed measurements. The turbulence parameters of different turbulence sources are statistical analyzed and compared in different sea areas. The classification method has the broad application prospects on the study of the air‐sea interaction.