bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-band description of the strong ‘spin’-orbit coupled one-dimensional hole gas in a cylindrical Ge nanowire
Authors: Li (李睿) Rui , Qi (齐新雨) Xin-Yu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The low-energy effective Hamiltonian of the strong ‘spin’-orbit coupled one-dimensional hole gas in a cylindrical Ge nanowire in the presence of a strong magnetic field is studied both numerically and analytically. Basing on the Luttinger–Kohn Hamiltonian in the spherical approximation, we show this strong ‘spin’-orbit coupled one-dimensional hole gas can be accurately described by an effective two-band Hamiltonian

H

e
f

=

ℏ

2

k

z

2

/

(
2

m

h

∗

)
+

α

σ

x

k

z

+

g

h

∗

μ

B

B

σ

z

/

2

, as long as the magnetic field is purely longitudinal or purely transverse. The explicit magnetic field dependent expressions of the ‘spin’-orbit coupling

α
≡
α
(
B
)

and the effective g-factor

g

h

∗

≡

g

h

∗

(
B
)

are given. When the magnetic field is applied in an arbitrary direction, the two-band Hamiltonian description is still a good approximation.
Bearing performance degradation assessment and remaining useful life prediction based on data-driven and physical model
Authors: Sheng Yuanyuan , Liu Huanyu , Li Junbao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Intelligent health maintenance of bearings usually consists of two stages: constructing effective health assessment indicators and accurate remaining useful life prediction models. However, many prediction models are available only when many constraints are met, and the health assessment indicators may not be able to accurately track the performance degradation process of bearings. This study proposes a bearing performance degradation assessment and remaining life prediction method. First, the health evaluation index family (referred to as the generalized high-order moment coefficient) was constructed based on the generalized power mean and high-order origin moments for health assessment. Subsequently, an improved Paris–Erdogan model is proposed, which uses the optimal health evaluation index as input to predict the remaining life of the bearing after the initial failure. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher performance degradation tracking accuracy and a smaller prediction error than the combination of traditional statistical indicators and prediction models.
Strain insensitive flexible photodetector based on molybdenum ditelluride/molybdenum disulfide heterostructure
Authors: Zhu Xuesong , Wu Dahao , Liang Shengzhi , Liu Jing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices are highly desirable for various emerging applications, such as human-computer interfaces, wearable medical electronics, flexible display, etc. Layered two-dimensional (2D) material is one of the most promising types of materials to develop flexible devices due to its atomically thin thickness, which gives it excellent flexibility and mechanical endurance. However, the 2D material devices fabricated on flexible substrate inevitably suffer from mechanical deformation, which can severely affect device performances, resulting in function degradation and even failure. In this work, we propose a strain insensitive flexible photodetector based on MoS2/MoTe2 heterostructure on polyimide substrate, which provides a feasible approach to cancel unpredicted impacts of strain on the device performances. Specifically, the MoS2/MoTe2 heterostructure is deposited with 4 electrodes to form three independent devices of MoS2 FET, MoTe2 FET and MoS2/MoTe2 heterojunction. Among them, the MoS2/MoTe2 heterojunction is used as the photodetector, while the MoS2 FET is used as a strain gauge to calibrate the photo detection result. Such configuration is enabled by the Schottky barrier formed between the electrodes and the MoS2 flake, which leads to obvious and negligible photo response of MoS2/MoTe2 heterojunction and MoS2 FET, respectively, under low source-drain bias (ex. 10 mV). The experimental results show that the proposed mechanism can not only calibrate the photo response to cancel strain effect, but also successfully differentiate the wavelength (with fixed power) or power (with fixed wavelength) of light illumination.
Population-based reference values for 4D flow MRI derived aortic blood flow parameters
Authors: Schafstedde Marie , Jarmatz Lina , Brüning Jan , Hüllebrand Markus , Nordmeyer Sarah , Harloff Andreas , Hennemuth Anja 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. This study assesses age-related differences of thoracic aorta blood flow profiles and provides age- and sex-specific reference values using 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) data. Approach. 126 volunteers (age 20–80 years, female 51%) underwent 4D flow CMR and 12 perpendicular analysis planes in the thoracic aorta were specified. For these planes the following parameters were evaluated: body surface area-adjusted aortic area (A′), normalized flow displacement (NFD), the degree of wall parallelism (WPD), the minimal relative cross-sectional area through which 80% of the volume flow passes (A80) and the angle between flow direction and centerline (α). Main results. Age-related differences in blood flow parameters were seen in the ascending aorta with higher values for NFD and angle and lower values for WPD and A80 in older subjects. All parameters describing blood flow patterns correlated with the cross-sectional area in the ascending aorta. No relevant sex-differences regarding blood flow profiles were found. Significance. These age- and sex-specific reference values for quantitative parameters describing blood flow within the aorta might help to study the clinical relevance of flow profiles in the future.
Quantum-Hall physics and three dimensions
Authors: Gooth Johannes , Galeski Stanislaw , Meng Tobias 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The discovery of the quantum Hall effect (QHE) in 1980 marked a turning point in condensed matter physics: given appropriate experimental conditions, the Hall conductivity

σ

x
y

of a two-dimensional electron system is exactly quantized. But what happens to the QHE in three dimensions (3D)? Experiments over the past 40 years showed that some of the remarkable physics of the QHE, in particular plateau-like Hall conductivities

σ

x
y

accompanied by minima in the longitudinal resistivity

ρ

x
x

, can also be found in 3D materials. However, since typically

ρ

x
x

remains finite and a quantitative relation between

σ

x
y

and the conductance quantum

e

2

/

h

could not be established, the role of quantum Hall physics in 3D remains unsettled. Following a recent series of exciting experiments, the QHE in 3D has now returned to the center stage. Here, we summarize the leap in understanding of 3D matter in magnetic fields emerging from these experiments.
The thermo-E.M.F. of an n-type silicon: assessment of the contribution due to the presence of minority carriers
Authors: Kamegni André Siewe , Lashkevych Igor 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the common thermoelectric theory, minority charge carriers are assumed to be absent in n- or p-type thermoelectric materials. This study considers their presence and evaluates the effects of that presence on the thermo-electromotive force (Thermo-E.M.F.) of a non-degenerate n-type semiconductor. The calculations are done in the case of silicon. The contribution due to the presence of the minority holes to the total Thermo-E.M.F. depends on the thermopower of minority carriers, their electrical and thermal conductivities. It also depends on their bulk and surface recombinations and depends on the majority carriers only through their thermal and electrical conductivities. In the case of silicon, that contribution remains generally very low although it can increase or decrease the total Thermo-E.M.F. depending on the concentration of the doping elements, the bulk and surface recombination rates, and the length of the sample.
Strain relaxation and self-heating effects of fin AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Wang Ashu , Zeng Lingyan , Wang Wen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present a methodology of 3D electro-thermo-mechanical simulation to analyze the strain relaxation and self-heating effects of fin AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The free boundaries of narrow fins cause strain relaxation of the AlGaN barrier and a non-uniform strain distribution near the AlGaN/GaN interface. The strain relaxation not only reduces the surface piezoelectric polarization charges (PPCs), but also introduces space PPCs in AlGaN/GaN, leading to a reduction of two-dimensional electron gas density and a positive shift of threshold voltage (V
th). The simulated V
th shift with fin width agrees well with experimental results from literature. In addition, the inter-fin trenches facilitate more efficient lateral heat spreading and suppress the self-heating effect compared with the planar HEMTs with the same effective gate width.
A sight of view on electrical impacts, structural properties and surface roughness of tungsten trioxide thin film: effect of substrate temperatures in WO3/Si device fabrication
Authors: Salim Evan T , Hassan Azhar I , Mohamed Farhan A , Wahid M H A , Fakhri Makram A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Monoclinic WO3 thin films have been effectively deposited by a simple spray pyrolysis technique at a molar concentration of 0.01 M on a glass substrate in the temperature range of 473 to 673 K. These WO3 films were used as an interlayer between the metal and the semiconductor, which formed the basic structure of the photodetector. Effect of substrate temperature on WO3 films during the process of the deposition was systematically interpreted with respect to the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the WO3 films. The x-ray diffraction pattern revealed the polycrystalline nature of the prepared films with monoclinic phases. At the substrate temperature of 623 K, the nano-thin films were strongly bonded to each other as observed from the FE-SEM images. Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopies indicated the band gap (Eg) of the WO3 thin film is 3.30 eV. The dc electrical study recorded a sharp increase in the electrical conductivity of the prepared film at substrate temperature of 623 K for tungsten trioxide. It is worth noting that all diodes showed a positive photoresponse under illumination. In particular, the photodetector with the thickness of 300 nm showed higher responsivity 0.02 A/W and detection specificity 8.29 × 1010 Jones.
Diverse optical solitons to nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equation with quadratic-cubic nonlinearity via two efficient approaches
Authors: Ur Rehman Shafqat , Ahmad Jamshad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, the nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equation(NPSE) with nonlinear terms as quadratic-cubic law nonlinearity media with the beta derivative is investigated and this investigated model is considered an icon in the field of optical fibers where it describes the wave function or state function of the optical system. Numerous solutions are extracted by engaging two novel schemes known as generalized

exp
(
−
ψ
(
ϖ
)
)

-expansion method (GEEM) and rational extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method (REShGEEM) in distinct forms such as bright, dark, singular and combinations of these solutions. In addition, plane wave, periodic and exponential solutions are also recovered. Using the computer application Wolfram Mathematica 11, the dynamic structure and physical characterization of some observed solutions are vividly depicted by sketching different plots. Comparing our new results with well-known literature is also given which justifies the novelty of this work. Obtained results will hold a significant place in the field of nonlinear optical fibers and suggest that the proposed methods are very influential and effective tools for solving more complex nonlinear partial differential equations in mathematical physics, engineering and nonlinear optics.
Landau damping for gravitational waves in parity-violating theories
Authors: Bombacigno F. , Moretti F. , Boudet S. , Olmo Gonzalo J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We discuss how tensor polarizations of gravitational waves can suffer Landau damping in the presence of velocity birefringence, when parity symmetry is explicitly broken. In particular, we analyze the role of the Nieh-Yan and Chern-Simons terms in modified theories of gravity, showing how the gravitational perturbation in collisionless media can be characterized by a subluminal phase velocity, circumventing the well-known results of General Relativity and allowing for the appearance of the kinematic damping. We investigate in detail the connection between the thermodynamic properties of the medium, such as temperature and mass of the particles interacting with the gravitational wave, and the parameters ruling the parity violating terms of the models.
In this respect, we outline how the dispersion relations can give rise in each model to different regions of the wavenumber space, where the phase velocity is subluminal, superluminal or does not exist. Quantitative estimates on the considered models indicate that the phenomenon of Landau damping is not detectable given the sensitivity of present-day instruments.
Actively tunable weak and strong couplings in epsilon-near-zero ultrathin film-based Weyl semimetallic photonic crystals
Authors: Sun Mengran , Qian Liming , Ye Jingfei , Zheng Gaige 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Lithography-free layered dielectric media plays an important role in photonic platforms and opens up new possibilities in the design of devices with large-scale compatibilities. In this work, we propose a hybrid structure consisting of phononic thin layer and Weyl semimetallic photonic crystals. Manipulation of electromagnetic waves and the interactions between different optical modes are presented, which is highly demanded for both fundamental research and practical applications. The weak and strong coupling effects result in hybrid polariton modes, of which the dispersion can be quantitatively described by a coupled harmonic oscillator model. In the Kretschmann coupling proposal, when the incident angle is smaller than the critical angle (θ

c
= 25∘) of total internal reflection, a weak coupling is generated. However, when the incident angle is larger than θ

c
, anticrossing resluts from strong coupling can be observed. We believe that the use of easily manufactured WSM elements and the tunable hybridization of multiple optical modes will enable the manipulation of light-matter interactions with more flexibility in the mid-infrared range, and can significantly improve the functional properties of various devices.
Late-life depression and multimorbidity trajectories: the role of symptom complexity and severity
Authors: Triolo Federico , Sjöberg Linnea , Calderón-Larrañaga Amaia , Belvederi Murri Martino , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Fratiglioni Laura , Dekhtyar Serhiy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionas late-life depression is associated with poor somatic health, we aimed to investigate the role of depression severity and symptom phenotypes in the progression of somatic multimorbidity.Methodswe analysed data from 3,042 dementia-free individuals (60+) participating in the population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. Using the baseline clinical assessment of 21 depressive symptoms from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale, we: (i) diagnosed major, minor (in accordance with DSM-IV-TR) and subsyndromal depression; (ii) extracted symptom phenotypes by applying exploratory network graph analysis. Somatic multimorbidity was measured as the number of co-occurring chronic diseases over a 15-year follow-up. Linear mixed models were used to explore somatic multimorbidity trajectories in relation to baseline depression diagnoses and symptom phenotypes, while accounting for sociodemographic and behavioural factors.Resultsin multi-adjusted models, relative to individuals without depression, those with major (β per year: 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–0.61) and subsyndromal depression (β per year: 0.21, 95%CI: 0.12–0.30) experienced an accelerated rate of somatic multimorbidity accumulation, whereas those with minor depression did not. We identified affective, anxiety, cognitive, and psychomotor symptom phenotypes from the network analysis. When modelled separately, an increase in symptom score for each phenotype was associated with faster multimorbidity accumulation, although only the cognitive phenotype retained its association in a mutually adjusted model (β per year: 0.07, 95%CI: 0.03–0.10).Conclusionslate-life major and subsyndromal depression are associated with accelerated somatic multimorbidity. Depressive symptoms characterised by a cognitive phenotype are linked to somatic health change in old age.
Genetic associations between bipolar disorder and brain structural phenotypes
Authors: Shang Meng-Yuan , Zhang Chu-Yi , Wu Yong , Wang Lu , Wang Chuang , Li Ming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPatients with bipolar disorder (BD) and their first-degree relatives exhibit alterations in brain volume and cortical structure, whereas the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, based on the published genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the extent of polygenic overlap between BD and 15 brain structural phenotypes was investigated using linkage disequilibrium score regression and MiXeR tool, and the shared genomic loci were discovered by conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses. MiXeR estimated the overall measure of polygenic overlap between BD and brain structural phenotypes as 4–53% on a 0–100% scale (as quantified by the Dice coefficient). Subsequent conjFDR analyses identified 54 independent loci (71 risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms) jointly associated with BD and brain structural phenotypes with a conjFDR &lt; 0.05, among which 33 were novel that had not been reported in the previous BD GWAS. Follow-up eQTL analyses in respective brain regions both confirmed well-known risk genes (e.g. CACNA1C, NEK4, GNL3, MAPK3) and discovered novel risk genes (e.g. LIMK2 and CAMK2N2). This study indicates a substantial shared genetic basis between BD and brain structural phenotypes, and provides novel insights into the developmental origin of BD and related biological mechanisms.
Delimitation of the Extended Continental Shelf in Somalia v. Kenya in the ICJ: A Critique
Authors: Gao Jianjun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Somalia v. Kenya is the first case where the ICJ delimited the boundary line of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (the so-called “extended continental shelf”) between the Parties. Compared with the previous cases decided by other international tribunals on the same issue, the present case shows some differences. Particularly, the ICJ did not mention the three-stage methodology or other delimitation methods in the delimitation of the extended continental shelf, nor did it identify the relevant area or apply the disproportionality test. The ICJ in this case did not have any reliable evidence to ascertain the Parties’ entitlements to the extended continental shelf, and it did not make a clear determination on the issue of entitlements accordingly. The ICJ delimited the extended continental shelf by extending the boundary line within 200 nautical miles in the same direction, but its reasoning is not sufficient to support the decision. Besides, the Court did not pronounce that the delimitation line achieves an equitable solution. Indeed, in light of the relationship between entitlement and delimitation as well as the circumstances of the present case, the ICJ should have declined to delimit the extended continental shelf.
Novel equations for estimating intraperitoneal pressure among peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Li Xinqiu , Ma Tiantian , Hao Jiayu , Song Di , Wang Hongyan , Liu Tianjiao , Zhang Yaling , Abi Nanzha , Xu Xiao , Zhang Manze , Sun Weiqi , Li Xin , Dong Jie 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Increased intraperitoneal pressure (IPP) is associated with abdominal wall complications and technical failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Since the standard measurement of IPP is limited due to its cumbersome procedures, we aimed to develop and validate equations for estimating IPP.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study with a total of 200 prevalent PD patients who were divided into development and validation datasets after random sampling matched by body mass index. The IPPs were measured using the Durand method, with whole-body and abdominal anthropometry indices collected. Equations with 2.0-L and 1.5-L fill volumes were generated by stepwise linear regression modelling. The bias, accuracy and precision of the estimated IPP (eIPP) with 2-L and 1.5-L fill volumes were compared with actual IPPs by the Durand method. The eIPP for the 2-L fill volume was also compared with other existing equations.

Results
Two new equations incorporating waist circumference and height from the decubitus plane to mid-axillary line were generated. The eIPPs exhibited small biases in relation to the Durand method , with median differences of −0.24 cmH2O and −0.10 cmH2O for 2 L and 1.5 L, respectively. The precisions evaluated by the standard deviation of the absolute value of the differences were 2.59 cmH2O and 2.50 cmH2O, respectively. The accuracies evaluated by the value of the percentage of estimates that differed by &gt;20% for the eIPP were 26% for 2.0 L and 27% for 1.5 L. Better bias, precision and accuracy were observed for the eIPP equation compared with other existing equations for the 2.0-L fill volume.

Conclusions
We provided two new equations developed from abdominal anthropometry indices to accurately estimate the IPP in the PD population.
Pulse arrival time variation as a non-invasive marker of acute response to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Villegas-Martinez Manuel , Odland Hans Henrik , Hammersbøen Lars-Egil , Sletten Ole Jakob , Stugaard Marie , Witsø Marit , Khan Faraz , Wajdan Ali , Elle Ole Jakob , Remme Espen W 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsSuccessful cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) shortens the pre-ejection period (PEP) which is prolonged in the left bundle branch block (LBBB). In a combined animal and patient study, we investigated if changes in the pulse arrival time (PAT) could be used to measure acute changes in PEP during CRT implantation and hence be used to evaluate acute CRT response non-invasively and in real time.Methods and resultsIn six canines, a pulse transducer was attached to a lower limb and PAT was measured together with left ventricular (LV) pressure by micromanometer at baseline, after induction of LBBB and during biventricular pacing. Time-to-peak LV dP/dt (Td) was used as a surrogate for PEP. In twelve LBBB patients during implantation of CRT, LV and femoral pressures were measured at baseline and during five different pacing configurations. PAT increased from baseline (277 ± 9 ms) to LBBB (313 ± 16 ms, P &lt; 0.05) and shortened with biventricular pacing (290 ± 16 ms, P &lt; 0.05) in animals. There was a strong relationship between changes in PAT and Td in patients (r2 = 0.91). Two patients were classified as non-responders at 6 months follow-up. CRT decreased PAT from 320 ± 41 to 298 ± 39 ms (P &lt; 0.05) in the responders, while PAT increased by 5 and 8 ms in the two non-responders.ConclusionThis proof-of-concept study indicates that PAT can be used as a simple, non-invasive method to assess the acute effects of CRT in real time with the potential to identify long-term response in patients.