bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat selection and water dependency of feral burros in the Mojave Desert, California, USA
Authors: Karish Talesha , Roemer Gary W. , Delaney David K. , Reddell Craig D. , Cain James W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExpansion of feral burro (Equus asinus) populations across the southwestern United States is causing human–wildlife conflicts including rangeland degradation, competition with livestock and native species, and burro–vehicle collisions. On the Fort Irwin National Training Center (NTC) in California, feral burros interfere with military training and are involved in vehicle collisions and other conflicts (e.g., burros blocking access to buildings). Limited data on burro movements and resource use poses a challenge for the development of management plans and mitigation strategies. We estimated home range size, second‐ and third‐order seasonal resource selection, and water dependency of 10 adult female feral burros fitted with global positioning system (GPS) collars on the NTC from November 2015 to April 2017. Mean 95% autocorrelated kernel home range size of female burros (253.9 ± 30.7 km2 [SE]) did not differ among seasons or between burros that resided close to or far from urban areas. Burros selected areas closer to water in all seasons and at both spatial scales, but selection was stronger in the dry season and at the landscape scale. When available, burros strongly selected for areas closer to urban areas. Burros consistently selected for areas with green forage and at lower elevations, but selection for other topographical features was variable. Water use patterns were consistent with the resource selection results. Burros visited water sources twice as often (every 22.2 ± 6.3 hr) during the hot‐dry season (Apr–Oct) compared to the cool‐wet seasons (Nov–Mar; 2015: 45.9 ± 21.0; 2016: 39.7 ± 9.3 hr). Our results suggest that urban areas, and resources therein, and water sources have the biggest influence on burro resource selection, and management plans could focus mitigation programs on these areas.
The Application of Ultrasound to Quantify Hyoid Motion During Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy
Authors: Parekh Manan H. , Thuler Eric , Triantafillou Vasiliki , Seay Everett , Sehgal Chandra , Schultz Susan , Keenan Brendan T. , Schwartz Alan R. , Dedhia Raj C. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThe significance of hyoid dynamics in OSA pathophysiology remains unclear. Drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is often used for evaluating patients intolerant to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. We performed DISE with concurrent hyoid‐focused ultrasonography to quantify hyoid dynamics during obstructive and non‐obstructive breathing.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis from a prospective cohort of patients undergoing DISE with PAP titration (DISE‐PAP) and hyoid‐focused ultrasound was conducted. Hyoid ultrasound was performed during obstructive breathing, and non‐obstructive breathing after PAP administration. Motion was quantified by generating displacement curves based on echo‐tracking hyoid movement. The image analysis protocol for quantifying hyoid displacement was performed independently by two researchers, and reliability of measures was assessed. Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed for various clinical data and hyoid displacement during obstructive breathing.ResultsTwenty patients met inclusion criteria. On average, the cohort was male (75%), elderly (65.9 ± 10 years), overweight (29.3 ± 3.99 kg/m2), and with moderate‐to‐severe OSA (29.3 ± 12.5 events/h). Mean hyoid displacement during obstructive breathing was 5.81 mm (±3.48). In all patients, hyoid displacement decreased after PAP administration (−3.94 mm [95% CI: −5.10, −2.78]; p < 0.0001). Inter‐rater reliability for measures of hyoid displacement was excellent. After multivariate regression, hyoid displacement at baseline was associated with higher AHI (β [95% CI] = 0.18 [0.03, 0.33], p = 0.020).ConclusionDuring DISE, hyoid displacement is greater during obstructive breathing with significant variability amongst patients. Further, these ultrasonographic measurements had excellent intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability. Additional, larger studies are needed to understand contributors to hyoid mobility.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:3221–3227, 2023
Gene Delivery into T‐Cells Using Ternary Complexes of DNA, Lipofectamine, and Carboxy‐Terminal Phenylalanine‐Modified Dendrimers
Authors: Kojima Chie , Sawada Mei , Nakase Ikuhiko , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractT‐cells play critical roles in various immune reactions, and genetically engineered T‐cells have attracted attention for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Previously, it is shown that a polyamidoamine dendrimer of generation 4 (G4), modified with 1,2‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride (CHex) and phenylalanine (Phe) (G4‐CHex‐Phe), is useful for delivery into T‐cells and their subsets. In this study, an efficient non‐viral gene delivery system is constructed using this dendrimer. Ternary complexes are prepared using different ratios of plasmid DNA, Lipofectamine, and G4‐CHex‐Phe. A carboxy‐terminal dendrimer lacking Phe (G3.5) is used for comparison. These complexes are characterized using agarose gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, and ζpotential measurements. In Jurkat cells, the ternary complex with G4‐CHex‐Phe at a P/COOH ratio of 1/5 shows higher transfection activity than other complexes, such as binary and ternary complexes with G3.5, without any significant cytotoxicity. The transfection efficiency of the G4‐CHex‐Phe ternary complexes decreases considerably in the presence of free G4‐CHex‐Phe and upon altering the complex preparation method. These results suggest that G4‐CHex‐Phe promotes the cellular internalization of the complexes, which is useful for gene delivery into T‐cells.
Relating Structure to Properties in Non‐Conjugated Pendant Electroactive Polymers
Authors: Schmitt Alexander , Thompson Barry C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNon‐conjugated pendant electroactive polymers (NCPEPs) are an emerging class of polymers that offer the potential of combining the desirable optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers with the superior synthetic methodologies and stability of traditional non‐conjugated polymers. Despite an increasing number of studies focused on NCPEPs, particularly on understanding fundamental structure‐property relationships, no attempts have been made to provide an overview on established relationships to date. This review showcases selected reports on NCPEP homopolymers and copolymers that demonstrate how optical, electronic, and physical properties of the polymers are affected by tuning of key structural variables such as the chemical structure of the polymer backbone, molecular weight, tacticity, spacer length, the nature of the pendant group, and in the case of copolymers the ratios between different comonomers and between individual polymer blocks. Correlation of structural features with improved π‐stacking and enhanced charge carrier mobility serve as the primary figures of merit in evaluating impact on NCPEP properties. While this review is not intended to serve as a comprehensive summary of all reports on tuning of structural parameters in NCPEPs, it highlights relevant established structure‐property relationships that can serve as a guideline for more targeted design of novel NCPEPs in the future.
Baohuoside I inhibits resistance to cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells by suppressing autophagy via downregulating HIF‐1α/ATG5 axis
Authors: Zhou Yun , Liu Tongyu , Wu Qiaoling , Wang Huihui , Sun Yang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince chemotherapy's therapeutic impact is diminished by drug resistance, treating ovarian cancer is notably challenging. Thereafter, it is critical to develop cutting‐edge approaches to treating ovarian cancer. Baohuoside I (derived from Herba Epimedii) is reported to have antitumor properties in various malignancies. It is unknown, however, what role Baohuoside I plays in cisplatin (DDP)‐resistant ovarian cancer cells. 3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo (‐z‐y1)‐3,5‐di‐phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT), colony formation, and flow cytometry assay were used to investigate the impact of Baohuoside I on ovarian cancer A2780 cells and DDP‐resistant A2780 (A2780/DDP) cells. The level of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) was determined using immunofluorescence staining. Utilizing the mRFP‐GFP‐LC3B tandem fluorescent probe allowed us to analyse the autophagy flux. Analysis of mRNA and protein level was performed using RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The interaction between hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF‐1α) and autophagy related 5 (ATG5) promoter was investigated by dual luciferase and ChIP assay. Additionally, evaluation of Baohuoside I's role in ovarian cancer was performed using a nude mouse xenograft model. Baohuoside I decreased the viability and proliferation and triggered the apoptosis of both A2780 and A2780/DDP cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Baohuoside I also increased the sensitivity of A2780/DDP cells to DDP. Concurrently, HIF‐1α could promote A2780/DDP cells resistance to DDP. In addition, HIF‐1α could induce the autophagy of A2780/DDP cells through transcriptionally activating ATG5, and Baohuoside I imporved the chemosensitivity of A2780/DDP cells to DDP by downregulating HIF‐1α. Moreover, Baohuoside I could inhibit the chemoresistance to DDP in ovarian cancer in vivo. Baohuoside I sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to DDP by suppressing autophagy via downregulating the HIF‐1α/ATG5 axis. Consequently, Baohuoside I might be evaluated as a new agent for enhancing the chemotherapeutic efficacy of drug treatment for ovarian cancer.
Bedtime extended release cornstarch improves biochemical profile and sleep quality for patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia
Authors: Hsu Rai‐Hseng , Chen Hui‐An , Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Lin Ju‐Li , Weng Hui‐Ling , Lin Yi‐Ting , Lin Yu‐Ching , Lee Ni‐Chung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa) are prone to hypoglycemia. Uncooked cornstarch (CS) is the treatment, but maintaining nighttime blood glucose levels is still difficult.MethodsThe study enrolled patients with GSDIa to investigate the benefits of bedtime extended release CS (ER‐CS, Glycosade®) versus regular CS. The daytime CS schedule was not altered. A 7‐day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was performed at the baseline and 12 weeks after using ER‐CS. Biochemical profile, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and quality of life (SF‐36 questionnaire) were measured at the baseline and 24 weeks after using ER‐CS.ResultsNine patients (9 to 33 years of age) were enrolled. Compared with the baseline (80.0 ± 6.33 mg/dL), the 12‐week evaluations revealed higher mean morning glucose levels (86.5 ± 8.26 mg/dL,p = 0.015). Twenty‐four weeks after the use of bedtime ER‐CS, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels both decreased (from 69.3 ± 77.8 to 41.1 ± 40.4 U/L and from 78.8 ± 99.6 to 37.8 ± 28.81 U/L, respectively,p = 0.013 for both analyses), and sleep and fasting time both elongated (from 7.8 ± 0.87 to 8.6 ± 1.02 h and from 6.5 ± 1.22 to 7.6 ± 1.02 h, respectively,p = 0.011 for both analyses). The mean PSQI score in the five adult patients decreased significantly (from 5.8 ± 1.29 to 3.0 ± 1.71,p = 0.042).ConclusionThis study provides evidence of clinically meaningful improvements by shifting only bedtime regular CS to ER‐CS in patients with GSDIa. As ER‐CS is considerably more expensive than regular CS, this approach presents a cost‐effective alternative.
Dual‐band inkjet printed coplanar waveguide‐fed stepped‐impedance slot dipole antenna for ISM application
Authors: Dang Yu , Cheffena Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, a dual‐industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM)‐band flexible slot dipole antenna is investigated. It is based on quarter‐guided‐wavelength () stepped impedance resonator (SIR) slots fed by coplanar waveguide. Compared to the mostly used SIR, the use of the type SIR not only enables compact size but also leads to broadside radiation without gain decline at the first harmonic. The analysis of fundamental and spurious resonance conditions was also elaborated to reveal the theory behind compact size and harmonics suppression. Planar measurements show the impedance bandwidths are 500 MHz (20.4%) for 2.2–2.7 GHz, and 1200 MHz (21.4%) for 5–6.2 GHz, with peak gain of 3.7 and 5.8 dBi at 2.4 and 5.5 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, in curving measurement, both the reflection coefficient and radiation pattern remain stable during bending. Our proposed antenna will benefit a bunch of flexible and compact applications operating in dual‐ISM‐band.
A Vanka‐based parameter‐robust multigrid relaxation for the Stokes–Darcy Brinkman problems
Authors: He Yunhui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider a block‐structured multigrid method based on Braess–Sarazin relaxation for solving the Stokes–Darcy Brinkman equations discretized by the marker and cell scheme. In the relaxation scheme, an element‐based additive Vanka operator is used to approximate the inverse of the corresponding shifted Laplacian operator involved in the discrete Stokes–Darcy Brinkman system. Using local Fourier analysis, we present the stencil for the additive Vanka smoother and derive an optimal smoothing factor for Vanka‐based Braess–Sarazin relaxation for the Stokes–Darcy Brinkman equations. Although the optimal damping parameter is dependent on meshsize and physical parameter, it is very close to one. In practice, we find that using three sweeps of Jacobi relaxation on the Schur complement system is sufficient. Numerical results of two‐grid and V(1,1)‐cycle are presented, which show high efficiency of the proposed relaxation scheme and its robustness to physical parameters and the meshsize. Using a damping parameter equal to one gives almost the same convergence results as these for the optimal damping parameter.
Neural network representation of time integrators
Authors: Löhner Rainald , Antil Harbir 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeep neural network (DNN) architectures are constructed that are the exact equivalent of explicit Runge–Kutta schemes for numerical time integration. The network weights and biases are given, that is, no training is needed. In this way, the only task left for physics‐based integrators is the DNN approximation of the right‐hand side. This allows to clearly delineate the approximation estimates for right‐hand side errors and time integration errors. The architecture required for the integration of a simple mass‐damper‐stiffness case is included as an example.
Bell's Palsy After Vaccination Against Covid‐19: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Gordon Alex J. , Varelas Antonios , Eytan Danielle F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to identify studies reporting the incidence of Bell's Palsy after vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) and assess whether this incidence is greater than among the general population.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science.Review MethodsA systematic review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines. Databases were searched from inception to May 9, 2022, for studies reporting the incidence of Bell's Palsy among individuals vaccinated against Covid‐19 and control populations. Meta‐analyses of odds ratios (ORs) were performed to compare the incidence of Bell's Palsy in these groups.ResultsWe identified 7 studies reporting the incidence of Bell's Palsy after vaccination and among the general population, including 20,234,931 total vaccinated patients. The length of postvaccination follow‐up ranged from 7 to 43 days in these studies. The incidence of Bell's Palsy was not significantly greater among vaccinated individuals (OR: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65‐1.71; p = .82). Stratifying by dose, the incidence of Bell's Palsy was not significantly greater after receiving either the first dose (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.47‐1.49; p = .54) or second dose (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.58‐1.79; p = .96).ConclusionAmong the available evidence, the incidence of Bell's Palsy after vaccination against Covid‐19 is comparable to that of the general unvaccinated population. Patient counseling should provide reassurance that there is no known association between Bell's Palsy and Covid‐19 vaccination.
A case of tongue squamous cell carcinoma with multiple metastases to the gluteal region
Authors: Takaoka Shohei , Fukuzawa Satoshi , Uchida Fumihiko , Ishibashi‐Kanno Naomi , Yamagata Kenji , Bukawa Hiroki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDistant metastases to the skin or skeletal muscle in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are rare. Metastases to the gluteal region increase patient suffering and decrease quality of life.Case presentationA 66‐year‐old woman with tongue OSCC (cT4aN3bM0) underwent neck dissection, subtotal glossectomy, and adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy. Six months after surgery, the patient developed multiple metastases to the gluteal region. Radiation therapy was administered to the gluteal region for her pain.ConclusionRadiotherapy for metastases of the gluteal region contributed to improving the patient's quality of life.
Association between treatment of hepatitis C virus and risk of cardiovascular disease among insured patients with the virus in the United States
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Chao , Re Vincent Lo , Chang Shao‐Hsuan , Wilson Debbie L. , Park Haesuk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is unclear whether HCV treatment affects risk of CVD among patients infected with HCV. We assessed the incidence and risk of CVD among insured patients with HCV infection and evaluated if HCV treatment was associated with reduced CVD risk.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplement databases. Patients newly diagnosed with HCV (vs. patients without HCV) between January 2008 and August 2015 were categorized by treatment (none, insufficient, or minimum effective) based on receipt and duration of anti‐HCV treatments. After propensity score matching, time‐dependent Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare CVD risk between patients with HCV versus without and between patients with HCV by treatment type and duration.ResultsHCV was associated with 13% increased risk of developing CVD overall (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 95% CI 1.26–1.35) and with 13% (aHR 1.07–1,18), 9% (aHR 1.03–1.15), and 32% (aHR 1.24–1.40) significantly increased risks of developing coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease, respectively. Among patients with HCV, compared with no treatment, receipt of minimum effective treatment was associated with 24% decreased risk of CVD, and receipt of insufficient treatment was associated with 14% decreased risk of CVD.ConclusionsIndividuals chronically infected with HCV had a higher incidence of CVD. Among patients with HCV, receipt of antiviral treatment for HCV was associated with decreased risk of CVD.
Study on mechanical properties of solid propellant NEPE
Authors: Jin Li , Qian Jiong , Zhi Fang Qin , Wei Hu Qin , Hui Yu Min 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNitrate ester plasticized polyether (NEPE) propellants, are high energy solid propellants that are used widely in solid rocket motor. It is necessary to study the mechanical properties of NEPE propellants in order to ensure an accurate prediction of the performance of solid rocket motors and ensure the safety of launch platforms.We studied the viscoelastic hyperelastic constitutive model of NEPE propellants. The speckle defocusing method and digital image correlation(DIC) method are used to obtain the strain of solid propellant NEPE in three directions during unidirectional stretching, and the volume change rate, Poisson's ratio and true strain curves of NEPE under different stretching rates are obtained. With the increase of loading rate, the maximum stress that NEPE can encounter increases, and the modulus at the initial elastic stage also increases. At the initial stage of stretching, the volume change rate is close to 1, the Poisson's ratio fluctuates within a range close to 0.5. When the engineering principal strain in the tensile direction reaches a certain value, the volume change rate begins to increase and the Poisson's ratio begins to decrease. The strain of solid propellant NEPE in three directions during uniaxial tension was successfully measured by speckle defocus method and digital image correlation (DIC) method. NEPE is close to being a super elastic material at the initial stage of stretching. The change trend of the volume change rate curve of different loading rates is consistent, and the stretching rate has no effect on the volume change rate of NEPE.
Research on multiphase flow field characteristics of underwater gun double‐tube parallel firing
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yu Yonggang , Zhang Xinwei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe underwater muzzle flow field formed by the double‐tube launch will interfere with each other, resulting in large changes in the characteristic parameters of the flow field and shock wave morphology. Therefore, the numerical model of three‐dimensional unsteady multiphase flow for underwater gun‐sealed launching was established. Meanwhile, an experimental platform for the underwater sealed launch was built and the rationality of the model was verified. The interior ballistic process compiled by UDF was coupled with the dynamic mesh technology, and the VOF multiphase flow model integrated with the Schnerr‐Sauer cavitation model was chosen to numerically calculate the muzzle flow field of the 30 mm underwater gun double‐tube parallel launch, and the numerical results were compared to those of the single‐tube launch. The results show that the gas is expelled from the muzzle and rapidly expands to form a gas cavity, and the “necking” phenomenon of the gas cavity occurs at 0.2 ms, while the Mach disk structure has formed. Due to the mutual interference between the flow fields formed by each tube, the diameters of the Mach disk are slightly different, and the flow field structure has a certain asymmetry in the evolution process. The core area of the shock wave is bowl‐shaped of the single‐tube launch, while it is not completely filled of the double‐tube launch. Within 0.5 ms, the diameter of the Mach disk increases monotonously when the single‐tube is launched, while it first increases and then decays by a double‐tube.