bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatic factors affecting seasonal movements of giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) in a semi‐arid region of South Africa
Authors: Deacon Francois , Smit Gert Nicolaas , Grobbelaar Andri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo the modern‐day conservationist, knowledge on giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) movement patterns is crucial for the effective management of this increasingly threatened species. The aim of this study was to determine the seasonal distances travelled by giraffes in a highly seasonal semi‐arid savanna area and to investigate how specific climatic factors influence their spatial distribution. Distributed over the 95,537‐ha reserve, we selected eight adult female giraffes that were equipped with radio transmitter collars using geographical positioning system devices to investigate their movement patterns over a 21‐month period in the Kalahari region of South Africa. Climatic data were collected using three weather stations at different locations in the study area. Giraffes moved significantly longer distances and for longer hours during the cool, dry season compared to other seasons. Both temperature and rainfall had statistically significant effects on distances travelled. The giraffes moved significantly longer distances with higher rainfall and temperature. They also moved significantly further during the middle of the day in all seasons, except winter. The reasons for these movement patterns are discussed with special emphasis on the influence of climatic factors on resource availability in a highly seasonal environment with periods of low resource availability.
Varied plant species' responses to climate and environmental change on Mount Kenya after 40 years
Authors: Downing Timothy A. , Olago Daniel O. , Nyumba Tobias O. , Peacock Mary M. , Young Truman P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTropical alpine areas are some of the most vulnerable areas in the world to climate change. Their plant communities have narrow thermal niches and have limited geographic areas to expand. Here we examine changes in plant species' abundance and distribution in the Teleki Valley (3900–4500 m asl) of Mount Kenya using a spatially explicit vegetation survey from 1980. Vascular plant species were re‐sampled in 35 plots across the valley, and additional size and density data were collected for the two Dendrosenecio species. Overall species richness and diversity were lower in 2021 than in 1980, and the abundance of dominant species had declined. Changes in elevation suggested both upward and downward shifts had occurred. Dendrosenecio keniodendron exhibited a shift towards the valley bottom as well as a change in population structure towards younger individuals. The dominant environmental factors affecting plant composition were similar in both 1980 and 2021, namely elevation, vegetation cover and the presence of D. keniodendron. This keystone species plays a significant role in shaping communities but is undergoing rapid demographic changes, which may have cascading implications on the ecology of the system.
100th anniversary of Acta Ophthalmologica
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Pawlikowska‐Łagód Katarzyna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Year 2023 is particularly important for Acta Ophthalmologica journal. It is an anniversary year, as Acta Ophthalmologica celebrates its 100th anniversary. The journal was founded by Konrad Kristian Karl (K.K.K) Lundsgaard in 1923. The goal was to present the clinical and experimental achievements of the ophthalmological communities of the Nordic countries. With the passage of time and increasing interest from scientific communities in other countries, it has become one of the most visible ophthalmology journals in the world. Acta Ophthalmologica publishes a wide variety of high‐quality ophthalmological papers. Here, we present the activities of Acta Ophthalmologica over the past 100 years.
Systematic review: Interventions for alcohol use disorder in patients with cirrhosis or alcohol‐associated hepatitis
Authors: Oldroyd Christopher , Greenham Olivia , Martin Graham , Allison Michael , Notley Caitlin 
Published: August 2023

SummaryBackgroundAlcohol use is the most important factor in determining the prognosis of patients with alcohol‐related cirrhosis and alcohol‐associated hepatitis.AimTo conduct a systematic review of interventions for alcohol use disorder specific to patients with cirrhosis or alcohol‐associated hepatitis.MethodsWe searched five databases between inception and November 2022. The primary outcomes were abstinence, hepatic decompensation and mortality. We included randomised and non‐randomised studies. Risk of bias was assessed using validated tools. Where possible, meta‐analysis was performed.ResultsTwenty‐three studies met the inclusion criteria including six randomised trials and 17 non‐randomised studies of interventions. These included 104,298 patients with a mean/median age range from 44 to 65, of whom 75% were male. Interventions included psychological therapy, pharmacological therapies, specialist clinics, patient education and low alcohol drinks. Baclofen was the only intervention to demonstrate a statistically significant impact on the primary outcomes in a randomised trial (abstinence OR: 6.3, 95% CI: 2.4–16.1). Three non‐randomised studies reported reductions in episodes of hepatic decompensation that were significant in multivariate models. This was in response to psychological therapy, use of any pharmacotherapy, and use of any treatment. A meta‐analysis of non‐randomised studies that examined the impact of psychological therapies revealed statistically non‐significant improvements in abstinence (4 studies, OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 0.38–9.23) and mortality (4 studies, OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.12–1.77).ConclusionsBaclofen is the only intervention with randomised trial evidence for significant benefit in patients with cirrhosis. Non‐randomised studies also point to non‐pharmaceutical interventions possibly improving clinical outcomes.
The Dedicated Imaging Post‐Prostatectomy for Enhanced Radiotherapy outcomes (DIPPER) trial protocol: a multicentre, randomised trial of salvage radiotherapy versus surveillance for low‐risk biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Roberts Matthew J. , Conduit Ciara , Davis Ian D. , Effeney Rachel M. , Williams Scott , Martin Jarad M. , Hofman Michael S. , Hruby George , Eapen Renu , Gianacas Chris , Papa Nathan , Lourenço Richard De Abreu , Dhillon Haryana M. , Allen Ray , Fontela Antoinette , Kaur Baldeep , Emmett Louise ,   the Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP)
Published: August 2023

BackgroundSalvage radiation therapy (SRT) and surveillance for low‐risk prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) recurrence have competing risks and benefits. The efficacy of early SRT to the prostate bed with or without pelvic lymph nodes compared to surveillance in patients with PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy and no identifiable recurrent disease evident on prostate specific membrane antigen‐positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PSMA‐PET/CT) is unknown.Study DesignThe Dedicated Imaging Post‐Prostatectomy for Enhanced Radiotherapy outcomes (DIPPER) is an open‐label, multicentre, randomised Phase II trial.EndpointsThe primary endpoint is 3‐year event‐free survival, with events comprising one of PSA recurrence (PSA ≥0.2 ng/mL higher than baseline), radiological evidence of metastatic disease, or initiation of systemic or other salvage treatments. Secondary endpoints include patient‐reported outcomes, treatment patterns, participant perceptions, and cost‐effectiveness.Eligibility CriteriaEligible participants have PSA recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy, defined by serum PSA level of 0.2–0.5 ng/mL, deemed low risk according to modified European Association of Urology biochemical recurrence risk criteria (International Society for Urological Pathology Grade Group ≤2, PSA doubling time >12 months), with no definite/probable recurrent prostate cancer on PSMA‐PET/CT.Patients and MethodsA total of 100 participants will be recruited from five Australian centres and randomised 1:1 to SRT or surveillance. Participants will undergo 6‐monthly clinical evaluation for up to 36 months. Androgen‐deprivation therapy is not permissible. Enrolment commenced May 2023.Trial RegistrationThis trial has been registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN: ACTRN12622001478707).
Performance of magnetic resonance imaging‐based prostate cancer risk calculators and decision strategies in two large European medical centres
Authors: Davik Petter , Remmers Sebastiaan , Elschot Mattijs , Roobol Monique J. , Bathen Tone Frost , Bertilsson Helena 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo compare the performance of currently available biopsy decision support tools incorporating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively included men who underwent prostate MRI and subsequent targeted and/or systematic prostate biopsies in two large European centres. Available decision support tools were identified by a PubMed search. Performance was assessed by calibration, discrimination, decision curve analysis (DCA) and numbers of biopsies avoided vs csPCa cases missed, before and after recalibration, at risk thresholds of 5%–20%.ResultsA total of 940 men were included, 507 (54%) had csPCa. The median (interquartile range) age, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, and PSA density (PSAD) were 68 (63–72) years, 9 (7–15) ng/mL, and 0.20 (0.13–0.32) ng/mL2, respectively. In all, 18 multivariable risk calculators (MRI‐RCs) and dichotomous biopsy decision strategies based on MRI findings and PSAD thresholds were assessed. The Van Leeuwen model and the Rotterdam Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator (RPCRC) had the best discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.86) of the MRI‐RCs that could be assessed in the whole cohort. DCA showed the highest clinical utility for the Van Leeuwen model, followed by the RPCRC. At the 10% threshold the Van Leeuwen model would avoid 22% of biopsies, missing 1.8% of csPCa, whilst the RPCRC would avoid 20% of biopsies, missing 2.6% of csPCas. These multivariable models outperformed all dichotomous decision strategies based only on MRI‐findings and PSAD.ConclusionsEven in this high‐risk cohort, biopsy decision support tools would avoid many prostate biopsies, whilst missing very few csPCa cases. The Van Leeuwen model had the highest clinical utility, followed by the RPCRC. These multivariable MRI‐RCs outperformed and should be favoured over decision strategies based only on MRI and PSAD.
Exploring calcium channel blocker as a candidate drug for Pseudomonas aeruginosa through network pharmacology and experimental validation
Authors: Yan Zijun , Xia Liangjing , Xu Xingmeng , Ma Bingsuo , Yuan Xiaoyan , Yang Kun , Li Kexin , Ye Xianwen , Zhang Liangming , Chen Tong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCalcium channel blocker (CCB) is known to possess antibacterial effects. We aimed to apply network pharmacology (docking and protein–protein interaction [PPI] analyses) to predict the potential targets and mechanisms of CCB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) as well as to verify the effect of these drugs. The chemical structures of three CCBs were obtained through the Drug Bank platform. The potential channel proteins, efflux pump proteins and ion channel proteins of CCB against bacteria were derived from the literature. These proteins were collected through the PDB and Uniprot platform. The binding mode of the docking complexes was simulated by the CB‐Dock platform and Discovery Studio 2019 Client software. The PPI network was constructed by the String platform and Cytoscape 3.8.2 platform. GO was explained by the PANTHER platform. The pathway diagram was drawn with the Pathway Builder Tool 2.0 software. The inhibitory effect of CCB on PA was verified through antibacterial experiments. Finally, 76 proteins were obtained: the iron channel protein of PA demonstrated a good docking relationship with all three CCBs, and the optimum binding energy was approximately −9.0 kcal/mol. GO analysis (biological process [BP], cellular component [CC], and molecular function [MF]) of protein genes showed a good docking relationship (optimum binding energy <−8.0 kcal/mol). The MF annotation results indicated that the target of CCB may be present on the PA membrane protein. The ion channel protein PPI enrichment p‐value was 6.65e‐08, and PfeA showed the strongest correlation. The experimental results suggested that CCB could inhibit the growth of PA. CCB might be an effective and interesting antimicrobial treatment strategy as CCB can potentially inhibit the growth of PA.
Configurations of mother–child and father–child attachment relationships as predictors of child language competence: An individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Dagan Or , Schuengel Carlo , Verhage Marije L. , Madigan Sheri , Roisman Glenn I. , Bernard Kristin , Duschinsky Robbie , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian , Bureau Jean‐François , Sagi‐Schwartz Abraham , Eiden Rina D. , Wong Maria S. , Brown Geoffrey L. , Soares Isabel , Oosterman Mirjam , Fearon R. M. Pasco , Steele Howard , Martins Carla , Aviezer Ora ,   The Collaboration on Attachment to Multiple Parents and Outcomes Synthesis
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn individual participant data meta‐analysis was conducted to test pre‐registered hypotheses about how the configuration of attachment relationships to mothers and fathers predicts children's language competence. Data from seven studies (published between 1985 and 2014) including 719 children (Mage: 19.84 months; 51% female; 87% White) were included in the linear mixed effects analyses. Mean language competence scores exceeded the population average across children with different attachment configurations. Children with two secure attachment relationships had higher language competence scores compared to those with one or no secure attachment relationships (d = .26). Children with two organized attachment relationships had higher language competence scores compared to those with one organized attachment relationship (d = .23), and this difference was observed in older versus younger children in exploratory analyses. Mother–child and father–child attachment quality did not differentially predict language competence, supporting the comparable importance of attachment to both parents in predicting developmental outcomes.
The I‐CAH Registry: A platform for international collaboration for improving knowledge and clinical care in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Tseretopoulou Xanthippi , Bryce Jillian , Chen Minglu , McMillan Martin , Lucas‐Herald Angela K. , Ali Salma R. , Ahmed S. F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo provide an overview of the I‐CAH Registry. Following the successful roll‐out of the I‐DSD Registry in the 2000s, it was felt that there was a need for a registry for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and this was launched in 2014 as a dedicated module within the original registry. In addition to supporting and promoting research, the I‐CAH Registry acts as an international tool for benchmarking of clinical care and it does this through the collection of standardised data for specific projects. Surveillance of novel therapies in the field of CAH can also be achieved via global collaborations. Its robust governance ensures adherence to the international standards for rare disease registries. Rare disease registries such as the I‐CAH Registry are important tools for all stakeholders involved in the care of people with CAH.
EvIcon: Designing High‐Usability Icon with Human‐in‐the‐loop Exploration and IconCLIP
Authors: Shen I‐Chao , Cherng Fu‐Yin , Igarashi Takeo , Lin Wen‐Chieh , Chen Bing‐Yu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInterface icons are prevalent in various digital applications. Due to limited time and budgets, many designers rely on informal evaluation, which often results in poor usability icons. In this paper, we propose a unique human‐in‐the‐loop framework that allows our target users, that is novice and professional user interface (UI) designers, to improve the usability of interface icons efficiently. We formulate several usability criteria into a perceptual usability function and enable users to iteratively revise an icon set with an interactive design tool, EvIcon. We take a large‐scale pre‐trained joint image‐text embedding (CLIP) and fine‐tune it to embed icon visuals with icon tags in the same embedding space (IconCLIP). During the revision process, our design tool provides two types of instant perceptual usability feedback. First, we provide perceptual usability feedback modelled by deep learning models trained on IconCLIP embeddings and crowdsourced perceptual ratings. Second, we use the embedding space of IconCLIP to assist users in improving icons' visual distinguishability among icons within the user‐prepared icon set. To provide the perceptual prediction, we compiled IconCEPT10K, the first large‐scale dataset of perceptual usability ratings over 10,000 interface icons, by conducting a crowdsourcing study. We demonstrated that our framework could benefit UI designers' interface icon revision process with a wide range of professional experience. Moreover, the interface icons designed using our framework achieved better semantic distance and familiarity, verified by an additional online user study.
The restoration ability of a short nap after sleep deprivation on the brain cognitive function: A dynamic functional connectivity analysis
Authors: Xu Ziliang , Chang Yingjuan , Guo Fan , Wang Chen , Chai Na , Zheng Minwen , Fang Peng , Zhu Yuanqiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsThe brain function impairment induced by sleep deprivation (SD) is temporary and can be fully reversed with sufficient sleep. However, in many cases, long‐duration recovery sleep is not feasible. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether a short nap after SD is sufficient to restore brain function.MethodsThe data of 38 subjects, including resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected at three timepoints (before SD, after 30 h of SD, and after a short nap following SD) and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) data, were collected. Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) analysis was used to evaluate changes in brain states among three timepoints, and four DFC states were distinguished across the three timepoints.ResultsBefore SD, state 2 (a resting‐like FC matrix) was dominant (48.26%). However, after 30 h SD, the proportion of state 2 dramatically decreased, and state 3 (still resting‐like, but FCs were weakened) became dominant (40.92%). The increased proportion of state 3 positively correlated with a larger PVT “lapse” time. After a nap, the proportions of states 2 and 3 significantly increased and decreased, respectively, and the change in proportion of state 2 negatively correlated with the change in PVT “lapse” time.ConclusionsTaken together, the results indicated that, after a nap, the cognitive function impairment caused by SD may be reversed to some extent. Additionally, DFC differed among timepoints, which was also associated with the extent of cognitive function impairment after SD (state 3) and the extent of recovery therefrom after a nap (state 2).
Prevalence and causative allergens of contact cheilitis in Thailand
Authors: Kanokrungsee Silada , Likittanasombat Surachanee , Chaweekulrat Pichanee , Kumpangsin Titinun , Boonchai Waranya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCheilitis is an inflammatory condition of the lips. Its causes can be exogenous (irritants, allergens), endogenous (atopic dermatitis, systemic disorders) or unknown.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of allergic contact cheilitis (ACC), its risk factors, and common allergens in patients with cheilitis at a Thai university‐based tertiary care hospital.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with cheilitis referred for patch testing between January 2007 and December 2021.ResultsAmong 5366 patients referred for patch testing, 410 (7.6%) had cheilitis. ACC was diagnosed in 32% of the cheilitis patients. Compared to non‐ACC cases, the patients with ACC were more likely to be young and female and have a disease duration of <3 months, no underlying disease and a white‐collar job (p‐value <0.05). The most common contact allergens were patient's products (73.3%), nickel sulfate (29.8%), potassium dichromate (14.5%), castor oil (14.3%) and benzalkonium chloride (13.0%). Lip cosmetics and toothpastes were major ACC sources.ConclusionsACC should be considered in cheilitis patients, especially in patients with specific risk factors. Castor oil is an emerging allergen. Patch testing using commercial allergen series and patients' own products is crucial for identifying causative agents. The development of a specific cheilitis series is warranted.
Self‐Repair Increases Referential Coordination
Authors: Mills Gregory , Redeker Gisela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhen interlocutors repeatedly describe referents to each other, they rapidly converge on referring expressions which become increasingly systematized and abstract as the interaction progresses. Previous experimental research suggests that interactive repair mechanisms in dialogue underpin convergence. However, this research has so far only focused on the role of other‐initiated repair and has not examined whether self‐initiated repair might also play a role. To investigate this question, we report the results from a computer‐mediated maze task experiment. In this task, participants communicate with each other via an experimental chat tool, which selectively transforms participants’ private turn‐revisions into public self‐repairs that are made visible to the other participant. For example, if a participant, A, types “On the top square,” and then before sending, A revises the turn to “On the top row,” the server automatically detects the revision and transforms the private turn‐revisions into a public self‐repair, for example, “On the top square umm I meant row.” Participants who received these transformed turns used more abstract and systematized referring expressions, but performed worse at the task. We argue that this is due to the artificial self‐repairs causing participants to put more effort into diagnosing and resolving the referential coordination problems they face in the task, yielding better grounded spatial semantics and consequently increased use of abstract referring expressions.
Spatializing oil and gas subsidies in endangered caribou habitat: Identifying political‐economic drivers of defaunation
Authors: DiSilvestro Adriana Maria , Irvine‐Broque Audrey 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReforming environmentally harmful subsidies is an international priority under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. Research that links industrial subsidies to negative ecological impacts, however, is limited. This paper contributes to the emerging agenda of global “subsidy accountability” research by linking oil and gas subsidies to the decline of endangered caribou herds in British Columbia, Canada. While existing research concretely attributes the decline of caribou herds to industrial activity, including oil and gas development, we suggest there is a need to identify the political‐economic structures which drive ongoing industrial development in caribou habitat, including public subsidies. We use government data to map oil and gas wells in critical caribou habitat and determine how many are run by operators receiving provincial fossil fuel “royalty credits”. Ultimately, we find that 1678, or 54%, of oil and gas wells located within critical caribou habitat are run by companies that have received benefits from one or both of BC's largest royalty credit programs. This paper points to the need for further analysis of subsidies as indirect drivers of biodiversity loss on a global scale, as well as increased emphasis on political‐economic drivers in conservation research. It also highlights the obstacles to implementing appropriate conservation solutions in political‐economic contexts dominated by resource extraction.