bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Deep Reinforcement Learning for Assessing the Consequences of Cyber Mitigation Techniques on Industrial Control Systems
Authors: Merz Terry , Morales Rosado Romarie 
Published: February 2023

This paper discusses an in-progress study involving the use of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to mitigate the effects of an advanced cyber-attack against industrial control systems (ICS). The research is a qualitative, exploratory study which emerged as a gap during the execution of two rapid prototyping studies. During these studies, cyber defensive procedures, known as “Mitigation, were characterized as actions taken to minimize the impact of ongoing advanced cyber-attacks against an ICS while enabling primary operations to continue. To execute Mitigation procedures, affected ICS components required rapid isolation and quarantining from “healthy” system segments. However today, with most attacks leveraging automation, mitigation also requires rapid decision-making capabilities operating at the speed of automation yet with human-like refinement. The authors settled on the choice of DRL as a viable solution to this problem due to the algorithm’s designs which involves “intelligent” decisions based upon continuous learning achieved through a rewards system. The primary theory of this study posits that processes informed by data sources relative to the execution path of an advanced cyber-attack as well as the consequences of deploying a particular Mitigation procedure evolve the system into an ever-improving defensive capability. This study seeks to produce a defensive DLR based software agent trained by a DRL based offensive software agent that generates policy refinements based upon extrapolations from a corrupted network state as reported by an IDS and baseline data. Results include an estimation rule that would quantify impacts of various mitigation actions while protecting the operational critical path and isolating an in-progress attack. This study is in a conceptual phase and development has not started.
This research questions for this study are:
RQ1: Can this software agent categorize correctly an in-progress cyber-attack and extrapolate the potential ICS assets affected?
RQ2: Can this software agent categorize novel cyber-attacks and extrapolate a probable attack vector while enumerating affected assets?
RQ3: Can this software agent characterize how operations are affected by quarantine actions?
RQ4: Can this software agent generate a set of ranked recommended courses of action by effectiveness, and least negative effects on the operational critical path?
Risk likelihood of planned and unplanned cyber-attacks in small business sectors: A cybersecurity concern
Authors: Ncubukezi Tabisa 
Published: February 2023

Human factors such as planned and unplanned cyber-attacks are a serious threat to any institution. The presence of planned and unplanned actions exposes the state of cybersecurity within the small business sector – leaving them vulnerable to a range of cyber-risks. This study used the AgenaRisk package with Bayesian Network (BN) tools to illustrate the likelihood of risk in planned and unplanned attacks. Adopting the package demonstrates the dependent and independent variables of the human factors, which are planned and unplanned, with their relationships resulting in the ultimate data breach. The work also combined qualitative research with quantitative risk analysis techniques to determine the risk likelihood of planned activities and unplanned employee actions and their behaviors influencing data breaches.
The work used the judgemental sampling method to select twenty-five (25) research participants who are business owners and Information Technology (IT) managers. An online survey was used to collect data from the selected research participants. Results were analysed using content analysis and interpreted using the package with BN tools, and risk analysis techniques. The results were further discussed, and the study concluded with remarks and future developments.
On the Use and Strategic Implications of Cyber Ranges in Military Contexts: A Dual Typology
Authors: Andrew Dwyer  , Kathrin Moog  , Jantje Silomon  , Mischa Hansel  
Published: February 2023

The use of simulated environments in cybersecurity – cyber ranges (CRs) – has become a popular method and tool to support training and education, assess system vulnerabilities, as well as to test and probe computer networks. Yet, CRs can be adopted to improve and enhance adversarial skill sets, tools, and operations that are attractive for military applications. This paper develops a strategic typology on how CRs have been used and adopted in military contexts (CRiMCs), where states have turned to CRs as one method to build cyber capacity, address proportionality and responsibility of cyber operations, as well as offer training and education.
We identify CRiMCs that offer two strategic purposes: 1) reserved for sovereign use and capability development and 2) those intended to support cyber capacity building through domestic resilience and collaborative inter-state exercises. We thus ask, why do states establish sovereign cyber ranges ‘on top’ of being involved in collaborative ones? Why and how do they differ? To answer such questions, this paper delves into both the crucial technical components that support each CRiMC type and their implications by offering exemplars from five states (Lithuania, Norway, Slovenia, the Netherlands, and the USA). The paper concludes with some preliminary thoughts on future research avenues on CRiMCs and their implications for the use and governance of state cyber capabilities.
A Quantitative Risk Assessment Framework for the Cybersecurity of Networked Medical Devices
Authors: Van Devender Maureen , McDonald Jeffrey Todd 
Published: February 2023

Medical devices are increasingly the source of cybersecurity exposure in healthcare organizations. Research and media reports demonstrate that the exploitation of cybersecurity vulnerabilities can have significant adverse impacts ranging from the exposure of sensitive and personally identifiable patient information to compromising the integrity and availability of clinical care. The results can include identity theft and negative health consequences, including loss of life. Assessing the risk posed by medical devices can provide healthcare organizations with information to prioritize mitigation efforts. However, producing accurate risk assessments in environments with both sparse historical data and a lack of validation regarding the accuracy of forecasts is particularly challenging.
We present a risk assessment framework for quantifying the risk posed by connected medical devices in trusted healthcare networks. Our framework is built upon prominent existing frameworks and guidance for general risk assessment and cybersecurity risk assessment. We add a method for quantifying risk, which to our knowledge is novel in the context of medical devices on trusted networks. The framework provides a structure for combining publicly available information along with expert elicitation about threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences. The goal is to provide healthcare organizations with actionable information for prioritizing and mitigating risks in medical devices.
Pregnancy Prevention Programme: Lenalidomide Containing Medicines
Authors: Кучко А.М. , Ефремова И.Н. , Федосеева И.И. 
Published: February 2023

В связи с доказанным высоким риском тератогенного действия леналидомида при применении в период беременности Министерством здравоохранения Республики Беларусь принято решение о введении дополнительных ограничений при назначении структурных аналогов талидомида в виде программы предотвращения беременности. Программа контроля применения иммуномодулирующих имидных препаратов, структурных аналогов талидомида, направлена на обеспечение соблюдения рекомендаций по их назначению женщинам с сохраненным репродуктивным потенциалом и мужчинам при сексуальных контактах с беременной женщиной или женщиной репродуктивного возраста.
In connection with the identified high risk of teratogenic effects of lenalidomide when used during pregnancy, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus decided to impose an additional restrictions on the use of structural analogs of thalidomide in the form of pregnancy prevention programs. The program for monitoring the use of immunomodulatory imide medicines, structural derivatives of thalidomide, is aimed to ensuring adherence to recommendations for their administration in women able to have children and men who have sexual contacts with a pregnant women or a women of reproductive age.
Memoria colectiva en torno al patrimonio ferroviario: la energía a vapor como motor de activación e identidad
Authors: Ponce Ariel Guillermo 
Published: February 2023

El Patrimonio Ferroviario es entendido en el presente trabajo como una tipología perteneciente al Patrimonio Industrial. El mismo representa un campo cultural y espacio de memoria colectiva en diversos pueblos y ciudades, valorado por ser producto de la inteligencia obrera y generador de comunicación e intercambio socio-productivo. En ese sentido, la energía a vapor constituye un factor técnico revolucionario y significativo en un devenir histórico irreversible. En tanto fuente de energía proveedora de movimiento
al encadenamiento de piezas de grandes maquinarias, adquiere un valor revolucionario que dota de valor histórico y social a los bienes ferroviarios heredados del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. Se sostiene así que aproximarse a la valorización y reproducción de la práctica intangible de generación de dicha energía en la actualidad constituye un factor clave para comprender la relación entre la comunidad ferroviaria y los bienes materiales muebles e inmuebles devenidos hoy en Patrimonio Cultural, a través de su activación cultural, en su dimensión de preservación, conservación e interpretación. Se parte para ello de los resultados de un estudio de caso realizado en el predio ferroviario en la Localidad Bonaerense de Remedios de Escalada, pertenecientes al Ferroclub Argentino, sector en funcionamiento como Centro de Preservación Ferroviaria, mediante entrevistas a informantes claves representativos dentro de los socios activos de dicha asociación.
Tindakan Trabekulektomi pada Pasien dengan Glaukoma Sudut Tertutup Primer Unilateral – Laporan Kasus
Authors: Supit Wenny 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is the leading cause of blindness in Asia. In PACG, degenerative changes in the trabecular meshwork resulting from iridiotrabecular contact (ITC) cause high intraocular pressure resulting in glaucomatous optic atrophy. We reported a 58-year-old woman came with the chief complaint of pain in the right eye for three months, accompanied by red and watery eye, and glare when exposed to light. Patient also complained of headaches and sometimes nausea. There was a history of hypertension since one year ago, but not taking any drugs. In ophthalmological examination of the right eye, visual acuity was 6/20, intraocular pressure 39 mm Hg, conjunctival injection, corneal edema, Van Herick 1 shallow anterior chamber, iris atrophy, round shaped and centrally located pupil with a diameter of 5 mm and a NO3NC3 lens. In the posterior segment of the right eye, non-uniform fundal reflexes were found, papillae were round, vital, well-defined with a cup and disc ratio of 0.7-0.8. The patient was diagnosed with primary angle-closure glaucoma in the right eye and a trabeculectomy was performed on the right eye. After trabeculectomy, the intraocular pressure of the right eye was 17.7 mm Hg. In conclusion, trabeculectomy has a high success rate in terms of controlling intraocular pressure in primary angle closure glaucoma.
Keywords: glaucoma; primary angle closure; tabeculectomy

Abstrak: Glaukoma penutupan sudut primer (PACG) merupakan penyebab utama kebutaan di Asia. Pada PACG, perubahan degeneratif dalam trabecular meshwork yang dihasilkan dari kontak iridiotrabecular (ITC) menyebabkan tekanan intraokular tinggi yang menghasilkan glaucomatous optic atrophy. Kami melaporkan kasus eorang perempuan berusia 58 tahun datang dengan keluhan nyeri mata kanan sejak tiga bulan yang lalu, disertai dengan mata merah, berair dan silau saat terkena cahaya. Pasien juga mengeluh adanya nyeri kepala dan kadang disertai mual. Riwayat hipertensi sejak satu tahun sebelumnya, tidak mengonsumsi obat-obatan. Pada pemeriksaan oftalmologi mata kanan didapatkan visus 6/20, tekanan intraokuler 39 mmHg, konjungtiva injeksi, kornea edema, bilik mata depan dangkal Van Herick 1, iris atrofi, pupil berbentuk bulat letak sentral dengan diameter 5 mm serta lensa NO3NC3. Pada segmen posterior mata kanan ditemukan refleks fundus non uniform, papil bulat, vital, berbatas tegas dengan cup and disc ratio 0,7-0,8. Pasien didiagnosis dengan glaukoma sudut tertutup primer mata kanan dan dilakukan tindakan trabekulektomi pada mata kanan. Setelah tindakan trabekulektomi, tekanan intraokuler mata kanan menjadi 17,7 mmHg. Simpulan kasus ini ialah trabekulektomi terbukti memiliki tingkat keberhasilan yang tinggi dalam hal mengontrol tekanan intraokuler pada glaukoma penutupan sudut primer.
Kata kunci: glaukoma; sudut tertutup primer; trabekulektomi
EDUKASI PEMASARAN DIGITAL BAGI UMKM DI KECAMATAN TANJUNG SARI PAMULIHAN KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Authors: Yusuf Setiarini , Hatta Iha Haryani , Trirahayu Dewi , Wulandjani Harimurti , Putriana Lies , Puspa Rahajeng Denisa , Destriyanti Amalia 
Published: February 2023

Jenis usaha yang dibangun pada masa kini baik usaha kecil menengah (UKM) ataupun besar selalu mengikuti perkembangan teknologi dan mulai meninggalkan model pemasaran tradisional beralih ke model pemasaran modern yaitu digital marketing. Model pemasaran ini sangat memudahkan pebisnis dari berbagai kalangan dalam memasarkan serta memperkenalkan produk atau jasanya kepada konsumen. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa pelatihan edukasi manajemen pemasaran yaitu digital marketing diperuntukkan kepada UMKM di bawah binaan BumDes Kecamatan Tanjungsari, Kabupaten Sumedang yang aktif dan beroperasi, dimana usaha tersebut telah terdaftar pada Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Kegiatan pengabdian tersebut para pelaku UMKM di bawah koordinasi BumDes Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat memiliki minat dan keinginan yang kuat untuk belajar mengenal digital marketing. Hanya saja mereka terhambat pada jaringan internet dan kemampuan mengikuti perkembangan teknologi informasi serta tata caranya pemasaran secara online.
Kata Kunci: Digital Marketing, UMKM, BumDes
A The types of businesses that are built today, both small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and large, always follow technological developments and begin to leave traditional marketing models to switch to modern marketing models, namely digital marketing. This marketing model makes it very easy for business people from various circles to market and introduce their products or services to consumers. Community service in the form of marketing management education training, namely digital marketing, is intended for MSMEs under the guidance of BumDes Tanjungsari District, Sumedang Regency which are active and operating, where the business has been registered with the Community and Village Empowerment Office of the Sumedang Regency Government, West Java. The service activities of MSME players under the coordination of BumDes of the Regional Government of Sumedang Regency, West Java have a strong interest and desire to learn about digital marketing. It's just that they are hampered by the internet network and the ability to keep up with the development of information technology and online marketing procedures.
Keywords: Digital Marketing, UMKM, BumDes
Theoretical investigation of the levitation force generated by underwater squeeze action
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Zhao Zilong , Chen Wenjie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Previous research has experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of near-field acoustic levitation (NFAL) in water. This paper proposes an analytical model of underwater NFAL to study its levitation performance. At first, the fluid’s compressibility must be determined because it is significant to the model’s accuracy. Therefore, the Reynolds equations describing the film pressure distribution are deduced based on fluid film lubrication theory for incompressible and compressible fluids. The calculated squeeze film forces for each case are compared with experimental observations from the literature to confirm the fluid’s compressibility. The comparison results show that the theoretical numerical results under the compressible condition are closer than the incompressible condition to the experimental data. Further numerical results show that increasing the water temperature decreases the mean squeeze film force when the water temperature is higher than 20 °C. In addition, the mean squeeze film force is increased by increasing the vibration amplitude.
Polarization-independent transmission color sheet using 2D plasmonic metasurface embedded in elastomer nanosheet
Authors: Tay Shan Wei , Watanabe Mamoru , Endo Fumitaka , Choi Yong-Joon , Sawada Kazuaki , Fujie Toshinori , Takahashi Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper reports the construction of a transmission 2D plasmonic metasurface embedded in an elastomer nanosheet. The transmission color sheet made up of metal nanodots of subwavelength scale can be used as an electronic skin for imaging multicolor spectra. The thicknesses of the polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene nanosheet and Al nanodots were designed to be 200 nm and 50 nm, respectively. Measurements were performed under different duty ratios of subwavelength Al nanodots. The results revealed that a duty ratio of 0.85 yielded the brightest transmitted colors. We successfully demonstrated the realization of 2D plasmonic nanodots without polarization dependency.
Severity of Sars-CoV2 infection in people with Type 2 Diabetes in the AMD Annals 2021
Authors: Crisci, I.  
Published: February 2023

In the Covid 19 pandemic, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been identified as one of the comorbidities associated with the most severe forms of the infection, with an increase in hospitalization and mortality. The aim of the study was to evaluate which clinical variables were associated with severe forms of Covid-19 (with or without pneumonia), in people with type 2 DM (DM 2), regularly attending Italian diabetes services, participating to the data collection of Annals 2021. MATERIALS DM2 patients assisted during 2020 by the diabetes services participating to the AMD Annals Initiative were evaluated. The presence of Covid-19 was recorded using the appropriate ICD-9 codes relating to forms with and without pneumonia. Anthropometric parameters, blood tests and therapy werealso specifically assessed. RESULTS The presence of Covid-19 was reported in 2,331 cases (0.6%): 1,299 patients were affected by Covid-19 without pneumonia (55.7%), while 1,032 patients were affected by infection associated with pneumonia (44, 3%). The risk of infection with pneumonia increased with increasing age and the risk of severe forms was almost 50% higher in males (OR=1.48; 95% CI 1.23-1.79), while it was about 50% lower in people with diabetes duration greater than 10 years than in those with diabetes duration of 5 years or less. The risk of acquiring an infection with pneumonia was strongly associated with kidney function, particularly with albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS Despite some limitations related to the under recording of the event in the elecronic chart, our data confirm that DM2 patients with more severe COVID-19 infections were on average older, male, with higher mean HbA1c levels and with a higher prevalence albuminuria, but they did not differ for BMI, lipid profile, blood pressure, and estimated glomerular filtration rate from those who experienced milder forms. KEYWORDS Covid 19; T2 diabetes mellitus; AMD annals.
Power-sharing and Identity-Politics Transformation in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Haji Moh'd 
Published: February 2023

Zanzibar has had a long unsettled political history from its colonial era to radicalized post-colonial politics. The core source of such politics is the cosmopolitan nature of the isles whereby races and identities reside on the island for a long time. Such nature made the political and social groups categorized and differentiated from others through identity. As a result, the struggle for the owner and ruler of the island becomes a high concern among the groups in the society. This situation resulted in turbulent politics for many years with violence, killings, and hostility. In 2010, Zanzibar inters in the negotiation to solve the political problem that marred the island for a long time. The Government of National Unity (GNU) which involves the sharing of power between the first and second winners was agreed upon as the structure of the leadership style of Zanzibar. This was done through referendum and constitution amendment. As political identity theory reveals that; political elites use identity groups for their political benefits. They organized and influence their political activities through the identity they are familiar with. So, in solving such an identity politics problem, the identity tragedy must be transformed and accommodated the rational politics. This paper seeks to examine the extent to which power-sharing transforms identity-based politics and is accommodated in Zanzibar. The study was conducted in three districts to represent Zanzibar. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from five in-depth interviews and two hundreds and eight seven questionnaires respectively. The in-depth interviews involved the GNU's current and former top leaders, members of the Cabinets, and political activists. The questionnaire involves the citizens from districts Mjini, Micheweni, and Kusini. The study found that to some extent the power-sharing successes in reducing the exercises of identity politics in Zanzibar. Three angles have been justifying that reduction. First is the existence and increase of political trust in society to large extent. The second one is the equal treatment of all identity groups, races, and regions by government institutions and society. The Last one is the exercises of political activities without the influence of historical and identity political narrations. This study pinpoints two important aspects of transformational identity politics through power-sharing. The first one is the role of leadership in transforming the mindset and bringing people together. The second one is social change due to generations' natural changes and opportunities. The study concludes that power-sharing can be the source of identity transformation from worst uses to recognition in the society. This will happen only if the power-sharing institution is set to consider the potentiality of mutual recognition of self and respecting social, cultural, and ideological differences in society.