bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the role of learning communities of practice within a degree apprenticeship to enhance inclusive engagement
Authors: Nottingham Paula McIver , Mao Yan 
Published: September 2023

PurposeBuilding on the concepts of learning communities of practice, the paper aims to evaluate their application within degree apprenticeships (DAs) to support pedagogic engagement and inclusive education within a university setting.Design/methodology/approachA case study of an existing B2B sales degree apprenticeship reviewed relevant programme documents and evaluated apprentice learner experience through an anonymised online survey.FindingsThe study found that sales apprentices had a reflexive awareness of how learning communities operated within this context and raised some valuable insights about their perceptions of inclusive education. These communities have differing dynamics that value engaging with workplace professionals, peers and university. Apprentices prefer tuition that accommodates their shared interests as employee learners within an occupational role. Issues surrounding inclusive education are seen as integral to the experience of being an apprentice.Practical implicationsPost-Covid engagement could be used to frame more effective social learning for work-integrated practice and programme teams could advocate for a greater integration of DAs within institutional settings.Originality/valueThis research indicates that B2B sales degree apprentices see themselves as operating within distinctive learning communities of practice that support their work-integrated (WIL) studies in higher education. The paper recommends programme teams provide more collaborative engagement within learning communities to support inclusive education goals.
How will AI text generation and processing impact sustainability reporting? Critical analysis, a conceptual framework and avenues for future research
Authors: de Villiers Charl , Dimes Ruth , Molinari Matteo 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The ability of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT to produce convincing, human-like text has major implications for the future of corporate reporting, including sustainability reporting. As the importance of sustainability reporting continues to grow, this study aims to critically analyse the benefits and pitfalls of automated text generation and processing.

Design/methodology/approach
This study develops a conceptual framework to delineate the field, assess the implications and form the basis for the generation of research questions. This study uses Alvesson and Deetz’s critical framework, considering insight (a review of literature and practice in the field), critique (consideration of the influences on the production and use of non-financial information and the implications for assurers of such information) and transformative redefinition (considering the implications of generative AI for sustainability reporting and proposing a research agenda).

Findings
This study highlights the implications of generative AI for sustainability accounting, reporting, assurance and report usage, including the risk of AI facilitating greenwashing, and the importance of more research on the use of AI for these matters.

Practical implications
The paper highlights to stakeholders the implications of AI for all aspects of sustainability reporting, including accounting, reporting, assurance and usage of reports.

Social implications
The implications of AI need to be understood in society, which this paper facilitates.

Originality/value
This study critically analyses the potential use of AI for sustainability reporting, construct a conceptual framework to delineate the field and develop a research agenda.
Democracy, natural resources, and agricultural aid in Africa: Exploring the complex nexus of aid effectiveness and resource rent dependency
Authors: Mfouapon Alassa , Kamdem Cyrille Bergaly , Mohammadou Nourou , Djoumessi Yannick Fosso 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aid effectiveness is continually debated in development economics; there is no consensus among scholars on the impact of aid in developing countries, even though characterized by good institutions. An emerging issue in this discussion is the role of natural resources in determining the nature of the agricultural ODA (Official Development Assistance) and democracy nexus. Consequently, this study examines the effect of democracy on the agricultural ODA in Africa and how the country's natural resource rents mitigate this relationship using panel data of 50 countries over the 1995–2019 period. A set of econometric tools is used to estimate the time‐series cross‐sectional models, which include country fixed‐effects model and system generalized method of moments (system GMM), both to account for potential endogeneity and confoundedness issues. Regression results show a long‐run positive effect of democracy on agricultural ODA. However, this relationship is nonlinear. The interaction between democracy and resources indicates that natural resource wealth mitigates the positive gains from democracy on agricultural ODA. The study concludes that, while democratic reforms enhance the effectiveness of foreign aid directed to the agricultural sector, this positive effect depends on the natural‐resource wealth status of the country.
Model verification for population detection of counterfeits
Authors: Christian Joel B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe quality of counterfeit items has increased dramatically, with modern global manufacturing being able to duplicate the materials, construction, and visual features of items. Detection of fraudulent coinage can parallel authentication of food, beverages, and manufactured goods by studying product‐inherent features. Counterfeit detection is performed by comparing an Example group with a Questioned group. A model is developed for both groups using standard tests on individual pieces. Coin weight is used here as an illustration. The model should also follow the natural science of the system. In this case, the manufacturing process variation is known and steady, and the underlying distribution is known or can be determined from authentic pieces. The proposed detection method uses testing of many individual pieces, then using reverse‐quality‐engineering methods to identify possible sources. This strategy looks at the variation between individual pieces to determine the process capability of a machine, assembly line, or plant to create product consistency for a manufacturer. Fraudulent items may be manufactured within specification, but demonstrate a manufacturing process capability different than that of the authentic manufacturer. In this report, we examine the model previously reported and use reconstruction techniques to re‐create the evidence set to validate the model, increase model accuracy, and confirm the conclusion previously reached, showing that the Questioned set is likely over 37% non‐conforming by weight. In this case, the decision outcome of the analysis was improved by using additional methods not included in the modeling software package originally used.
GIFT—An R package to access the Global Inventory of Floras and Traits
Authors: Denelle Pierre , Weigelt Patrick , Kreft Holger 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Advancing knowledge of biodiversity requires global open‐access databases. Having large‐scale information on plant distributions, functional traits and evolutionary history will enable the scientific community to improve its understanding of the patterns and drivers of plant diversity on a global scale.

The Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT) is a global database of regional plant checklists that has proven successful in documenting biogeographical patterns of plants. Since the release of the first version of GIFT, the database kept on expanding. We introduce GIFT version 3.0, which contains 5169 plant checklists referring to 3400 regions worldwide. These checklists include a total of 371,148 land plant species, mostly vascular plants, of which 354,848 have accepted species names, and species‐level data for 109 functional traits. This new version of GIFT relies on new resources for taxonomic name standardization, is matched to a new plant phylogeny, comes with a new trait aggregation workflow and includes additional environmental variables.

We also present the GIFT R‐package, which contains all necessary functions to retrieve distributional, functional, phylogenetic, and environmental data from the GIFT database. The package comes with a dedicated website, https://biogeomacro.github.io/GIFT/, which includes three vignettes to guide users in retrieving data from GIFT.

The recent development of GIFT and its associated R‐package provide ecologists with access to one of the largest plant databases. This will foster research into regional to global patterns of plant diversity and their underlying mechanisms. The ability to retrieve and cite data from any previous and current instance of the GIFT database will ensure the reproducibility of studies that utilise it.
A Sabaic inscription from Wādī al‐Jawf during the Era of Yadaʿʾil Bayyin, son of Yaṯaʿʾamar, King of Sabaʾ
Authors: Al‐Hajj Mohammed Ali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis is an analytical study of a new Sabaic inscription probably coming from the town of Naššān in Wādī al‐Jawf in northern Yemen. The text of this inscription, which is of a construction/dedicatory and a legal nature at the same time, bans the violation of the properties of Yaqdumʾil son of Ṯawrān, by the people of Ḫawlān and their vassals who had attacked that man's properties by cutting his trees and scattering his crops. The inscription is dated by the name of the Sabaean king Yadaʿʾil Bayyin son of Yaṯaʿʾamar, who reigned about the end of the fifth and the beginning of the fourth century
BC. What distinguishes the inscription is that it contains new historical and linguistic material. Along with other Sabaic inscriptions found in the region, the text refers to the extent of settlement of Sabaean families from Mārib, Ṣirwāḥ, and Ḫawlān in the cities of al‐Jawf, specifically in Naššān and Našq, to control the roads of incense.
Application of real‐time PCR–based multicolor melting curve with automatic analysis system in pregestational and prenatal thalassemia diagnoses
Authors: Tang Xue‐Wei , Jiang Fan , Li Jian , Lin Xiao‐Mei , Zhou Jian‐Ying , Wan Jun‐Hui , Zuo Lian‐Dong , Qu Yan‐Xia , Li Fa‐Tao , Chen Gui‐Lan , Li Dong‐Zhi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the value of the real‐time PCR–based multicolor melting curve analysis (MMCA) with an automatic analysis system used in a mass thalassemia screening and prenatal diagnosis program.MethodsA total of 18,912 peripheral blood samples from 9456 couples and 1150 prenatal samples were detected by MMCA assay. All prenatal samples were also tested by a conventional method. Samples with unknown melting peaks, unusual peak height ratios between a wild allele and a mutant allele, or a discordant phenotype‐genotype match were further studied by using multiplex ligation–dependent probe amplification (MLPA) or Sanger sequencing. All MMCA results were automatically analyzed and manually checked. The consistency between MMCA assay and conventional methods among prenatal samples was investigated.ResultsExcept for initiation codon (T > G) (HBB:c.2T > G), all genotypes of thalassemia inside the scope of conventional methods were detected by MMCA assay. Additionally, 27 carriers with 10 rare HBB variants, 13 with α fusion gene, 1 with a rare deletion in α globin gene, and 1 with rare HBA variant were detected by using MMCA assay.ConclusionMMCA can be an alternative approach used in routine thalassemia carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis for its high throughput, sufficient stability, low cost, and easy operation.
Performing control
Authors: Neale Timothy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring an unprecedented crisis of bushfires, the staff of emergency management control centers in southeast Australia pause to perform rites with their political leaders. They reenact decisions that have already been made and generate divinations of fiery futures that are unlikely to occur. Their work, like that of others in large centralized technical infrastructures, is made possible by ritualized structures and practices that constitute a double bind. Emergency managers know their performances of control over open systems will inevitably fail to command the world's hazardous surprises. Yet they must maintain these performances, even though they create impossible expectations and forestall self‐critique or desired transformations. Attending to this situation, these sites, and their inhabitants reveals persistent attachments to systems of control in our late‐industrial age and changing climate.
What's Talent Got to Do with It? The Collective Labourer and the Rise of Barcelona's Digital Economy
Authors: Charnock Greig , Ribera‐Fumaz Ramon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article explains the recent rise to prominence of Barcelona's digital economy, and, specifically, the role played by the city's “talent”. After developing a Marxian approach, we show how Barcelona's success rests upon a good supply of low‐cost, appropriately skilled labour fit for insertion into labour processes that can generally not be described as innovative or of high‐knowledge, high‐skill intensity. There is, in fact, a dearth of highly skilled labour‐power in the city, and inflows of foreign labour and outflows of freshly trained “talent” from the city's bootcamps are only swelling the ranks of a lower‐paid, moderately skilled knowledge workforce—many of whom work in low‐quality jobs. Finally, we show how leading startups in the digital economy are contributing to the expansion of “non‐standard” forms of precarious work. We conclude by highlighting the limits to the development and realisation of human productive subjectivity or talent under capital today, even in a widely hyped technopole such as Barcelona.
Do You Speak Finance? Design and Business Value
Authors: Knowles Jonathan 
Published: September 2023

Demonstrating that “good design is good business” requires design professionals to be familiar with the language and concepts of business. This article equips design professionals with two frameworks: first, how to think about the true economic resources on which a company depends; and second, how to express the contribution of design to the current and future performance of the business.A framework for expressing the financial impact of design.
A Review of Data‐Driven Discovery for Dynamic Systems
Authors: North Joshua S. , Wikle Christopher K. , Schliep Erin M. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryMany real‐world scientific processes are governed by complex non‐linear dynamic systems that can be represented by differential equations. Recently, there has been an increased interest in learning, or discovering, the forms of the equations driving these complex non‐linear dynamic systems using data‐driven approaches. In this paper, we review the current literature on data‐driven discovery for dynamic systems. We provide a categorisation to the different approaches for data‐driven discovery and a unified mathematical framework to show the relationship between the approaches. Importantly, we discuss the role of statistics in the data‐driven discovery field, describe a possible approach by which the problem can be cast in a statistical framework and provide avenues for future work.
Tubuloside A, a phenylethanoid glycoside, alleviates diclofenac induced hepato‐nephro oxidative injury via Nrf2/HO‐1
Authors: Tureyen Ali , Demirel Hasan Huseyin , Demirkapi Ezgi Nur , Eryavuz Azra Mila , Ince Sinan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe most prominent adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac (DF) are hepato‐renal damage. Natural antioxidants can be preferred as an alternative and/or combination to improve this damage. This present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of Tubuloside A (TA) against diclofenac (DF)‐induced hepato‐renal damage. TA (1 mg/kg, ip) was administered to male Sprague–Dawley rats for 5 days, and DF (50 mg/kg, ip) was administered on Days 4 and 5. Plasma aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were measured to evaluate liver and kidney functions. Additionally, oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine) in blood, liver, and kidney tissues, changes in mRNA expression of genes involved in the Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway (Nrf2, HO‐1, NQO‐1, IL‐6, iNOS, Cox‐2, TNF‐α, IL1‐β and NFκB) and apoptotic process (Bcl‐2, Cas‐3 and Bax) in liver and kidney tissues were determined. Additionally, tissue sections were evaluated histopathologically. Biochemical, histopathological, and molecular results demonstrated the hepato‐renal toxic effects of DF, and TA treatment protected the liver and kidney from DF‐induced damage. This provides an explanation for the hepato‐nephro damage caused by DF and offers new ideas and drug targets together with TA for the prevention and treatment of DF injury.
Formation of diamond and lonsdaleite in ureilites by impact shock processing of graphite
Authors: Rout S. S. , Storz J. , Davydok A. , Bischoff A. , John T. , Krywka C. , Ritter M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe origin of diamond in ureilites has been frequently debated. We investigated carbon phase assemblages (CPAs) in five ureilitic samples of the brecciated asteroid 2008 TC3, found within the Almahata Sitta (AHS) strewn field, by transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, and cathodoluminescence. Samples MS‐MU 006, MS‐187, and MS‐170, are of low to moderate shock degree (U‐S2 and U‐S3), and samples MS‐MU 027 (U‐S4) and MS‐MU 045 (U‐S5) have a higher shock degree. In MS‐MU 006 and MS‐187, we did not find any diamond grains. MS‐170 contains disordered and distorted graphite with diamond grains up to 12 μm in size and containing inclusions of Fe,Ni‐metal, FeS, Fe‐phosphide, and Cr,Fe‐oxide. These diamond grains formed under relatively low (5–15 GPa) shock pressures through a catalytic process in the presence of a Fe,Ni,Cr,S,P‐rich melt. The highly shocked and fine‐grained ureilites MS‐MU 027 and MS‐MU 045 have three different types of CPAs, namely a nanopolycrystalline assemblage of diamond and defect‐rich diamond/lonsdaleite, disordered and distorted graphite, and polycrystalline diamond with abundant Fe‐rich mineral inclusions. The CPAs that have only diamond and planar defect‐rich diamond (e.g., MS‐MU 027) most likely formed through martensitic transformation of graphite to diamond and lonsdaleite at >15 GPa and >2000 K. The assemblage of diamond, defect‐rich diamond, and disordered and distorted graphite (e.g., MS‐MU 045) formed by martensitic transformation of graphite to diamond and lonsdaleite, followed by back‐transformation to disordered graphite. We did not find any conclusive evidence to support the formation of diamond grains under high static pressure.
ER body‐resident myrosinases and tryptophan specialized metabolism modulate root microbiota assembly
Authors: Basak Arpan Kumar , Piasecka Anna , Hucklenbroich Jana , Türksoy Gözde Merve , Guan Rui , Zhang Pengfan , Getzke Felix , Garrido‐Oter Ruben , Hacquard Stephane , Strzałka Kazimierz , Bednarek Paweł , Yamada Kenji , Nakano Ryohei Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Summary
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bodies are ER‐derived structures that contain a large amount of PYK10 myrosinase, which hydrolyzes tryptophan (Trp)‐derived indole glucosinolates (IGs). Given the well‐described role of IGs in root–microbe interactions, we hypothesized that ER bodies in roots are important for interaction with soil‐borne microbes at the root–soil interface.
We used mutants impaired in ER bodies (nai1), ER body‐resident myrosinases (pyk10bglu21), IG biosynthesis (myb34/51/122), and Trp specialized metabolism (cyp79b2b3) to profile their root microbiota community in natural soil, evaluate the impact of axenically collected root exudates on soil or synthetic microbial communities, and test their response to fungal endophytes in a mono‐association setup.
Tested mutants exhibited altered bacterial and fungal communities in rhizoplane and endosphere, respectively. Natural soils and bacterial synthetic communities treated with mutant root exudates exhibited distinctive microbial profiles from those treated with wild‐type (WT) exudates. Most tested endophytes severely restricted the growth of cyp79b2b3, a part of which also impaired the growth of pyk10bglu21.
Our results suggest that root ER bodies and their resident myrosinases modulate the profile of root‐secreted metabolites and thereby influence root–microbiota interactions.
Peripheral limitations for performance: Muscle capillarization
Authors: Hellsten Ylva , Gliemann Lasse 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSufficient delivery of oxygen and metabolic substrates, together with removal of waste products, are key elements of muscle performance. Capillaries are the primary site for this exchange in skeletal muscle and the degree of muscle capillarization affects diffusion conditions by influencing mean transit time, capillary surface area and diffusion distance. Muscle capillarization may thus represent a limiting factor for performance. Exercise training increases the number of capillaries per muscle fiber by about 10%–20% within a few weeks in untrained subjects, whereas capillary growth progresses more slowly in well‐trained endurance athletes. Studies show that capillaries are tortuous, situated along and across the length of the fibers with an arrangement related to muscle fascicles. Although direct data is lacking, it is possible that years of training not only enhances capillary density but also optimizes the positioning of capillaries, to further improve the diffusion conditions. Muscle capillarization has been shown to increase oxygen extraction during exercise in humans, but direct evidence for a causal link between increased muscle capillarization and performance is scarce. This review covers current knowledge on the implications of muscle capillarization for oxygen and glucose uptake as well as performance. A brief overview of the process of capillary growth and of physical factors, inherent to exercise, which promote angiogenesis, provides the foundation for a discussion on how different training modalities may influence muscle capillary growth. Finally, we identify three areas for future research on the role of capillarization for exercise performance.
Epigenetics and transgenerational inheritance
Authors: Moelling Karin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEpigenetic modifications can alter the function of genes. The epigenetics changes are caused by environmental effects, which lead to chemical modifications of the DNA or the chromatin. The mechanisms involve the influence of small interfering siRNAs on gene silencing. Epigenetic changes normally last only during the life‐time of an individual and are erased in embryos and eggs for a naive progeny. The genomes are reprogrammed and the chemical modifications removed to restart the next generation. However, there are mechanisms that allow the genome to escape from such a clearing effect so that modifications can be transmitted to one or more subsequent generations. In the germline of animal cells small RNAs, including piRNAs, have evolved which guarantee a higher degree of fidelity for transmission of genetic information, guarding especially against the detrimental effect caused by transposon activity. piRNA is essential for transposon silencing for survival of a species and protection of subsequent generations. Inactivation of piRNA results in abundant transposon activity and sperm infertility. The effect in humans has been described but is less distinct. Some stress‐induced epigenetic changes are transitory in mice and can be reversed by a change of environment or lifestyle.
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