bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of prey-handling behavior of the Chiwen keelback snake (Rhabdophis chiwen) feeding on earthworms and firefly larvae
Authors: Fukuda Masaya , Chen Qin , Cao Chengquan , Mori Akira 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dietary specialists consume specific prey items, and they are often morphologically and behaviorally specialized to feed efficiently on those prey animals. Among specialist snakes, consumption of terrestrial arthropods is relatively rare. Because most terrestrial arthropods possess hardened sclerites and appendages, it is possible that snakes that feed on arthropods would show specialized prey-handling behavior. In this study, we describe prey-handling behavior of a snake feeding on terrestrial arthropods, which hitherto has not been well documented. We focused on Rhabdophis chiwen, which mainly feeds on earthworms, but also consumes lampyrine firefly larvae, sequestering cardiotonic steroids from them in its defensive organs, called nucho-dorsal glands. When feeding on earthworms, snakes showed size-dependent selection of swallowing direction, but this tendency was not observed when feeding on firefly larvae. Manipulation of firefly larvae did not seem to be efficient, probably because they possess sclerites and appendages such as legs that impede smooth handling. Although fireflies are an essential food for R. chiwen as a toxin source, our results showed that the snake is not adept at handling firefly larvae compared to earthworms, implying that dietary specialization does not necessarily accompany behavioral specialization. We discuss possible reasons for this inconsistency.
The role of multi-modality imaging for the assessment of left atrium and left atrial appendage: a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Authors: Sade Leyla Elif , Faletra Francesco Fluvio , Pontone Gianluca , Gerber Bernhard Lothar Marie , Muraru Denisa , Edvardsen Thor , Cosyns Bernard , Popescu Bogdan A , Klein Allan , Marwick Thomas H , Cameli Matteo , Saric Muhamed , Thomas Liza , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Fontes-Carvalho Ricardo , Podlesnikar Tomaz , Fontana Marianna , La Gerche Andre , Petersen Steffen Erhard , Moharem-Elgamal Sarah , Bittencourt Marcio Sommer , Vannan Mani A , Glikson Michael , Peichl Petr , Cochet Hubert , Stankovic Ivan , Donal Erwan , Bertrand Philippe , Bohbot Yohann , Cikes Maja , Dweck Marc , Grapsa Julia , Keenan Niall , Uusitalo Valtteri , Thomas Deneke , Marta de Riva Silva 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Structural, architectural, contractile, or electrophysiological alterations may occur in the left atrium (LA). The concept of LA cardiopathy is supported by accumulating scientific evidence demonstrating that LA remodelling has become a cornerstone diagnostic and prognostic marker. The structure and the function of the LA and left atrial appendage (LAA), which is an integral part of the LA, are key elements for a better understanding of multiple clinical conditions, most notably atrial fibrillation, cardioembolism, heart failure, and mitral valve diseases. Rational use of various imaging modalities is key to obtain the relevant clinical information. Accordingly, this clinical consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association, provides comprehensive, up-to-date, and evidence-based guidance to cardiologists and cardiac imagers for the best practice of imaging LA and LAA for the diagnosis, management, and prognostication of the patients.
The contribution of common mental disorders and alcohol-related morbidity to educational differences in early labour market exit among older workers: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Carlsson Emma , Hemmingsson Tomas , Landberg Jonas , Burström Bo , Thern Emelie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Previous studies have identified educational differences in early labour market exits, yet the mechanisms behind these disparities remain unclear. This study aims to examine to what extent common mental disorders (CMD) and alcohol-related morbidity can explain educational differences in early labour market exit. This cohort study included all men born 1951–53 who underwent conscription examination for military service in Sweden at age 18–20 (n = 136 466). The highest level of educational attainment and early labour market exit, using five different exit routes, was obtained from nationwide registers. Mediation analysis was used to examine the contribution of CMD and alcohol-related morbidity to the educational differences in early labour market exit. Factors measured in childhood, late adolescence, and early adulthood were included as confounders. Lower-educated men were at higher risk of leaving the labour market early. CMD contributed marginally to the educational differences in early exit due to disability pension, long-term sickness absence, and long-term unemployment, explaining up to 4%. Alcohol-related morbidity explained up to 12% of the educational differences in disability pension, long-term sickness absence, and long-term unemployment. Neither CMD nor alcohol-related morbidity were associated with early old-age retirement with and without income. Alcohol-related morbidity appears to be of importance when trying to understand educational differences in some but not all early labour market exit routes. Thus, reducing the negative effects of alcohol consumption could reduce educational inequalities in early exits from the labour market and prolong working life for all individuals regardless of socioeconomic position.
Parental impact on adherence of young children to 24-h movement behaviour guidelines: the Czech FAMIly Physical Activity, Sedentary behaviour and Sleep study
Authors: Sigmundová Dagmar , Vorlíček Michal , Voráčová Jaroslava , Dygrýn Jan , Sigmund Erik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Human movement behaviour typically unfolds in 24-h cycles, with children being additionally influenced by their parents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the adherence of 3–10-year-old children to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 24-h movement behaviour guidelines in relation to the behaviours of their mothers/fathers. Data from the Czech cross-sectional FAMIly Physical Activity, Sedentary behaviour and Sleep study included 381 families (with at least one child aged 3–10 years) from urban and rural areas across all three regions of Czechia. Twenty four-hour movement behaviour (sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity) was monitored using ActiGraph accelerometers placed on the non-dominant wrists of children and their parents for seven consecutive days. Children's adherence to the WHO guidelines was analysed using logistic regression analysis. 25.9% of girls and 26.7% of boys simultaneously met all three 24-h movement behaviour guidelines (sleep + sedentary + physical activity), and 44.7% of girls and 46.1% of boys met any combination of two of the three guidelines, regardless of the children’s gender, weight, or calendar age. Maternal overweight/obesity significantly (P = .05) decreased the odds of children achieving at least two of the three guidelines, while parental university education and maternal adherence to at least two of the three guidelines significantly (P = .05) increased the odds of children complying with these guidelines. Parents, especially mothers, play an important role in influencing their children in meeting 24-h movement behaviour guidelines and in shaping a healthy lifestyle.
Aeration promotes Proteobacteria over Firmicutes in macerated food waste, resulting in superior anaerobic digestion efficiency
Authors: Tang Linjie , Manefield Mike 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Aeration is a common pretreatment method to enhance biogas production via anaerobic digestion of waste organic feedstocks such as unused food. While impacts on downstream anaerobic digestion have been intensively investigated, the consequence of aeration on the microbial community in food waste has not been characterized. Food waste has a low pH resulting from the dominance of lactic acid bacteria within the Firmicutes phylum. This excludes other phylotypes with a higher potential to hydrolyse complex biopolymers in food waste. In this study, we reveal that aeration of macerated food waste results in a dramatic shift away from Firmicutes towards dominance of Proteobacteria that are better known for extracellular enzyme production. Given that hydrolysis is the rate limiting step in anaerobic digestion, this explains why aeration improves the efficiency of biogas production from food waste. The discovery that Proteobacteria dominate microbial communities in aerated food waste opens up opportunities to manipulate extracellular enzyme production through gene expression mechanisms common among Proteobacteria such as quorum sensing.
Typing of feces-derived Candida albicans strains using a novel seven-locus microsatellite panel reveals associations with yeast phenotype in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: van Thiel Isabelle A M , Kreulen Irini A M , Bénard Mèlanie V , de Goffau Marcus C , Theelen Bart , Heinsbroek Sigrid E M , Zylka Patrycja K , Ponsioen Cyriel Y , Boekhout Teun , de Jonge Wouter J , Rosendahl Søren , van den Wijngaard René M , Hagen Ferry 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the human gastrointestinal tract are affected by the microbes that reside in the mucosal surfaces. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have altered bacterial and fungal intestinal compositions, including higher levels of fecal Candida yeasts. Ongoing research indicates that genetic and phenotypic diversity of Candida albicans may be linked with disease severity. Here, we set out to investigate feces-derived C. albicans strains from individuals with IBD and healthy volunteers through microsatellite-based genotyping and phenotypic assays. A seven-locus microsatellite panel was applied, of which six loci were newly developed. It appears that there is no specific lineage of C. albicans that is associated with IBD, but rather that the three study populations (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, healthy volunteers) do have distinguishable distributions of genotypes. In addition, phenotypic characterization by means of enzyme release assays revealed trends between genotypes, virulence-related enzyme activity, and clinical biomarkers. We thus show that microsatellite typing can describe genetic diversity of feces-derived C. albicans strains, and that phenotypic diversity of these strains may indeed correlate with fungal genotype or disease. This study opens further possibilities to investigate fecal fungi in relation to severity of inflammation in IBD or in other (intestinal) diseases.
Thinking Illness in Eighteenth-Century Germany: Scholarly Melancholy and Social Critique
Authors: Schreiber Ingrid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the early modern period, melancholy was a condition frequently diagnosed in students and scholars. This article suggests two ways to conceptualize scholarly melancholy in the context of German-speaking Europe in the late eighteenth century: as a lamentable physiopathology afflicting individual scholars and as a moralistic critique of societal idleness, pedantry and luxury. It reconstructs a discourse concerning the inferiority of scholarly health which was taking place among physicians clustered in Hanover, Saxony and Prussia, in conversation with the wider European community. Particular attention is given to Johann Christian Gottlieb Ackermann’s Über die Krankheiten der Gelehrten und die leichteste und sicherste Art sie abzuhalten und zu heilen (1777). These so-called occupational pathologists regarded scholarly melancholy as a holistic imbalance of the cognition–digestion nexus induced largely by mental overexertion and sedentary lifestyle. Against a backdrop of concern about the social utility of scholarship, the melancholic diagnosis was weaponized to communicate disapproval of societal vice and excess.
Fine-tuning blood culture practices: implementing diagnostic stewardship in cardiothoracic surgery patients
Authors: Seidelman Jessica , Pena Heather , Zwischenberger Brittany A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Overusing blood cultures (BCxs) can lead to false positives, unnecessary antibiotics and increased healthcare costs. Despite studies on inpatient BCx algorithms, none have focused on cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) patients, with complex postoperative care and invasive devices. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a BCx algorithm on BCx event (BCE) rates in CTS step-down units. The study was conducted in three CTS step-down units at Duke University Hospital. The BCx algorithm, based on Seidelman et al. (2023), was implemented in June 2023. BCE rates, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and adverse outcome IRRs were compared between pre- and post-intervention periods using ITS and χ2 tests. We analysed 4978 BCE during the study period: 3439 (893 patients) pre-intervention and 1539 (452 patients) post-intervention. BCE rates decreased [IRR = 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74, 0.83, P-value&lt; 0.01)] without significant differences in adverse outcomes such as central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates (IRR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.17, 2.30), readmission rates (IRR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.88, 1.12) or in-hospital mortality (IRR = 3.53, 95% CI 0.32, 38.90). Our study supports the beneficial effects of a BCx algorithm, which reduces unnecessary BCxs in CTS patients without compromising patient safety.
Valorisation of Refosco grape pomace: exploring its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiadhesive properties
Authors: Kranjc Katja , Čondić Mia , Kovač Boris 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Agricultural by-products, including winery waste, represent both an environmental challenge and a valuable source of bioactive compounds. This study investigated the antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antiadhesive properties of grape seed and peel extracts derived from the red wine variety Refosco. Water and methanol extracts were prepared from dried, ground seeds and peels, both before and after supercritical extraction (SFE). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of water- and lipid-soluble compounds was measured. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and antiadhesion effects of water extracts were then determined for Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial effects were further evaluated in pasta dough as a model food matrix. Our results showed that some methanol extracts exhibited significantly higher TAC values compared to water extracts. However, the TAC of water-soluble compounds was significantly higher than that of lipid-soluble compounds, regardless of the solvent used. Although the TAC of dried seed and peel samples (SDRY; PDRY) was higher than that of SFE residues, the difference was not statistically significant. The most potent antimicrobial effect was observed for SDRY extracts, with MICs as low as 0.625 mg/mL. Additionally, both SDRY and PDRY water extracts, at 1/8 of the MIC, exhibited antiadhesion activity. In conclusion, red grape pomace from the Refosco variety proves to be a cost-effective source of valuable water-soluble compounds with antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antiadhesive properties. Importantly, results showed that the SFE residue retained some bioactive properties, further highlighting the potential of this by-product.
Evaluation of the potential of phage phSE-5 to fight Salmonella Typhimurium in milk, liquid whole egg, and eggshell
Authors: Braz Márcia , Pereira Carla , Freire Carmen S R , Almeida Adelaide 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of phage phSE-5 to inactivate Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in milk (at 4, 10, and 25°C), liquid whole egg, and eggshell (at 25°C for both matrices).

Methods and results
Since the success of phage treatment in food depends on maintaining phage viability towards different food conditions, firstly the stability of phage phSE-5 at different temperatures and pHs was assessed. The effect of phage phSE-5 against S. Typhimurium was then assessed in vitro (liquid culture medium—TSB) and finally in the selected food matrices. Phage phSE-5 was stable for long storage periods (56 days) at pH 7–8 and 4–25°C. At 25°C, the efficacy of phage phSE-5 was matrix-dependent with differences in the sample, relatively to the bacterial control, of 2.7, 4.6, 1.8, and 1.3 log colony-forming units (CFU) ml-1 in TSB, milk, liquid whole egg, and eggshell, respectively. Also, phage phSE-5 led to reductions relatively to the initial bacterial concentration only in TSB and milk with 1.9 and 2.1 log CFU ml-1 reduction, respectively. Additionally, this phage was more efficient at 25°C in the tested matrices than at 10°C (no reduction and 1.7 log CFU ml-1 reduction in TSB and milk, respectively; maximum difference of 1.7 and 3.3 log CFU ml-1 in TSB and milk, respectively) and 4°C (no bacterial reduction/difference was observed in both TSB and milk). However, the decrease in temperature from 25 to 10°C slowed down bacterial regrowth after phage treatment.

Conclusions
Our results show that phages are promising and environmentally friendly candidates for use as biocontrol agents against S. Typhimurium in milk, liquid whole egg, and eggshell, allowing a reduction in energy costs if carried out at 10°C.
RAMIE: retrieval-augmented multi-task information extraction with large language models on dietary supplements
Authors: Zhan Zaifu , Zhou Shuang , Li Mingchen , Zhang Rui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To develop an advanced multi-task large language model (LLM) framework for extracting diverse types of information about dietary supplements (DSs) from clinical records.

Methods
We focused on 4 core DS information extraction tasks: named entity recognition (2 949 clinical sentences), relation extraction (4 892 sentences), triple extraction (2 949 sentences), and usage classification (2 460 sentences). To address these tasks, we introduced the retrieval-augmented multi-task information extraction (RAMIE) framework, which incorporates: (1) instruction fine-tuning with task-specific prompts; (2) multi-task training of LLMs to enhance storage efficiency and reduce training costs; and (3) retrieval-augmented generation, which retrieves similar examples from the training set to improve task performance. We compared the performance of RAMIE to LLMs with instruction fine-tuning alone and conducted an ablation study to evaluate the individual contributions of multi-task learning and retrieval-augmented generation to overall performance improvements.

Results
Using the RAMIE framework, Llama2-13B achieved an F1 score of 87.39 on the named entity recognition task, reflecting a 3.51% improvement. It also excelled in the relation extraction task with an F1 score of 93.74, a 1.15% improvement. For the triple extraction task, Llama2-7B achieved an F1 score of 79.45, representing a significant 14.26% improvement. MedAlpaca-7B delivered the highest F1 score of 93.45 on the usage classification task, with a 0.94% improvement. The ablation study highlighted that while multi-task learning improved efficiency with a minor trade-off in performance, the inclusion of retrieval-augmented generation significantly enhanced overall accuracy across tasks.

Conclusion
The RAMIE framework demonstrates substantial improvements in multi-task information extraction for DS-related data from clinical records.
The microRNA-455 null mouse shows dysregulated bone turnover
Authors: Niu Lingzi , Swingler Tracey E , Suelzu Caterina , Ersek Adel , Orriss Isabel R , Barter Matthew J , Hayman Dan J , Young David A , Horwood Nicole , Clark Ian M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A wide range of specific microRNAs have been shown to have either positive or negative effects on osteoblast differentiation and function, with consequent changes in postnatal bone mass. A number of specific targets have been identified. We previously used CrispR-Cas9 to make a miR-455 null mouse, characterizing a behavioral phenotype with age. The current study identifies a bone phenotype, starting in younger animals. At 3 weeks of age, the miR-455 null mice (both male and female) display increased length of both long bones and vertebrae and, while this difference diminishes across 1 year, it remains significant. Increased bone formation in vivo is mirrored by an increase in osteogenesis from bone marrow–derived stem cells in vitro. This is accompanied by a decrease in osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function. MicroCT analyses show increased trabecular bone and less porosity/decreased separation in the miR-455 null mouse, suggesting a more dense and stronger bone at 3 weeks of age; these differences normalize by 1 year. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function datasets show that FGF18 expression is regulated by miR-455 and FGF18 was validated as a direct target of miR-455. The regulation of FGF18 by miR-455 is a likely mediator of its effect on bone.
Impact of considering bone remodelling in risk assessment of mandibular implant-supported bridges
Authors: Kang Inyeong , Yoon Youngjae , Park Soyeon , Kwon Yong-Dae , Noh Gunwoo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Efforts have been made to improve the prediction of implant treatment outcomes through biomechanical analyses using finite-element (FE) analysis. Particularly, a bone remodelling numerical model has been recently applied to forecast long-term stability. However, there is a scarcity of research on the long-term biomechanical stability of implant-supported bridges. This study investigates the impact of integrating a bone remodelling numerical model into FE analysis to evaluate the biomechanical stability of mandibular implant-supported bridges. To evaluate the impact of integrated bone remodelling, FE analyses were performed with and without a bone remodelling model. The bone remodelling model was implemented in Abaqus as a user subroutine, UMAT, used to define a mechanical behaviour of material. Cases were compared based on the number of fixtures used in the implant-supported bridges and the initial bone quality to assess risks in different treatment scenarios. The peri-implant bone density distribution ultimately showed higher values than the initial value after bone remodelling. The study analysed differences in microstrain proportions within the peri-implant bone, with and without bone remodelling, following simulated masticatory activity. Absence of bone remodelling consideration results in elevated microstrain, especially among elderly patients with fewer implants and in the second molar position. This omission leads to an overestimation of differences in high microstrain proportion based on implant position (senior, Group 1: 18.91%p) and number of implants (senior, second molar: 13.8%p). Initial bone quality has a significant influence on bone remodelling. The absence of long-term analysis exaggerates the risks for all considered cases. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating bone remodelling considerations into the stability analysis of implant-supported bridges, particularly when they are used with fewer implants and for elderly patients.