bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Credibility building in the sovereign debt market: Evidence from prewar China
Authors: Ho Chun‐Yu , Li Dan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper qualitatively and quantitatively examines the development of the sovereign debt market in Prewar China under different governments. During the Beijing Era (1912–26), accompanied by the establishment of necessary financial institutions, the sovereign debt market emerged to meet fiscal needs. Surprisingly, the Nationalist government, in power from 1927, successfully cultivated a robust market characterized by its expanding size and liquidity. Setting itself apart from its predecessors, the government established credibility as a borrower in two key ways. Firstly, it demonstrated unwavering commitment to debt service by settling previous debts and offering well‐structured new ones, even during challenging times. Furthermore, the government escrowed fiscal revenue, pledged for debt repayments, to a semi‐independent committee of private bankers on behalf of debtholders, enhancing public confidence. Secondly, the government showcased its ability to secure tax revenues for debt repayments. However, starting from 1931/2, the debt market experienced a decline due to the government's compromised ability to pay resulting from external wars and shifting political priorities that weakened its commitment to debt repayments. Empirical evidence confirms the market's responsiveness to regime shifts and policy changes. This paper sheds light on how a nascent autocratic government can successfully borrow from the public.
Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates D‐galactose‐induced neural stem cell senescence via the Sirt1‐Nrf2‐BDNF pathway
Authors: Hu Ling , Ran Jianhua , Wang Lu , Wu Mengna , Wang Ziling , Xiao Hanxianzhi , Du Kunhang , Wang Yaping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith the ageing of society's population, neurodegenerative diseases have become an important factor affecting the quality of life and mortality in the elderly. Since its physiopathological processes are complex and the authorized medications have recently been shown to have several adverse effects, the development of safe and efficient medications is urgently needed. In this study, we looked at how ginsenoside Rg1 works to postpone neural stem cell ageing and brain ageing, giving it a solid scientific foundation for use as a therapeutic therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
Neuroprotective effects of riluzole in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review
Authors: Golmohammadi Maryam , Mahmoudian Mohammadreza , Hasan Ekhlas Khammas , Alshahrani Shadia Hamoud , Romero‐Parra Rosario Mireya , Malviya Jitendra , Hjazi Ahmed , Najm Mazin A. A. , Almulla Abbas F. , Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Kadkhodaei Mona , Mousavi Nazanin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite several hundred clinical trials of drugs that initially showed promise, there has been limited clinical improvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This may be attributed to the existence of at least 25 abnormal cellular pathways that underlie the disease. It is improbable for a single drug to address all or most of these pathways, thus even drugs that show promise when administered alone are unlikely to produce significant results. According to previous studies, eight drugs, namely, dantrolene, erythropoietin, lithium, memantine, minocycline, piracetam, riluzole, and silymarin, have been found to target multiple pathways that are involved in the development of AD. Among these drugs, riluzole is currently indicated for the treatment of medical conditions in both adult patients and children and has gained increased attention from scientists due to its potential in the excitotoxic hypothesis of neurodegenerative diseases.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drugs on AD based on cellular and molecular mechanisms.MethodsThe literature search for this study utilized the Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant articles.ResultsRiluzole exerts its effects in AD through diverse pathways including the inhibition of voltage‐dependent sodium and calcium channels, blocking AMPA and NMDA receptors and inhibiting the release of glutamic acid release and stimulation of EAAT1‐EAAT2.ConclusionIn this review article, we aimed to review the neuroprotective properties of riluzole, a glutamate modulator, in AD, which could benefit patients with the disease.
Evaluation of the effects of periodontal status according to 2017 classifications on oral health‐related quality of life and quality of life‐related to general health: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dikilitaş Ahu , Karaaslan Fatih , Evirgen Şehrazat , Ertuğrul Abdullah Seçkin , Kamburoğlu Kıvanç 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with periodontal disease, various symptoms are observed along with inflammation. The impact of local and systemic inflammation on periodontal tissue is well‐known; however, the impact of periodontal disease on the individual's quality of life is unclear. This study aimed to assess oral health‐related and general health‐related quality of life in patients undergoing maintenance treatment following treatment for periodontitis (RP‐CPH), patients with gingivitis (G) and patients with Stage I periodontitis (SI‐P) and to compare this with individuals with clinical periodontal health (IP‐CPH).MethodThis study was comprised of cross‐sectional periodontal assessment along with questionnaires. Oral health‐related quality of life and general health‐related quality of life were assessed using, respectively, the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) and Short‐Form‐36 (SF‐36) questionnaires. Study participants were classified according to the classification of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases and conditions established by the 2017 World Workshop.ResultsThe OHIP‐14 total scores for the 166 study participants (age range: 22–57) of the G (11.61 ± 3.21) and SI‐P (13.03 ± 3.47) groups were significantly higher than the OHIP‐14 total scores of the IP‐CPH (1.09 ± 1.58) and RP‐CPH (2.95 ± 2.58) groups. SF‐36 scores were found to be significantly lower in the SI‐P group in all subgroups compared to the G and IP‐CPH groups.ConclusionsA correlation was found between early‐stage periodontal disease and low levels of OHRQoL and GHRQoL. The health of periodontal tissues may have a positive effect on the quality of life.
Consumer perceptions of nutrient content claims in Australia: A qualitative study
Authors: Thompson Benjamin , McMahon Anne‐Therese , Watson Wendy L. , Riesenberg Devorah , Hughes Clare , Neale Elizabeth P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundNutrition and health claims influence consumer purchasing. Claims include content claims, which refer to the amount of a nutrient contained in a product, and health claims, which refer to health benefits of foods or nutrients in a product. Products that display a health claim must meet the Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC). The present study aimed to explore consumer perceptions of content claims used on food and beverage labelling and advertisements.MethodsSemi‐structured focus groups were conducted with Australian consumers. Analysis involved an inductive, reflexive approach to thematic analysis.ResultsSix focus groups involving 26 participants were conducted. Four main interconnected themes were generated: (1) complex factors influence food choice; (2) content claim scepticism; (3) the difference between content and health claims is unclear; and (4) the regulation of content claims is not common knowledge. Content claims were used, although generally viewed through a lens of scepticism and mistrust, and seen as a promotional tool for the food industry. Product complexity appeared to increase content claim use as a result of consumer uncertainty of the content of complex products, such as ultraprocessed foods. Most participants were aware that content and health claims were in some way regulated. Overall, they did not know further detail, including the relevant regulatory body.ConclusionsFor content claims to support the consumer they need to be accurate and their use limited to healthier foods. This can be achieved by requiring products with content claims to meet NPSC thresholds, as required for products making health claims.
Topical medications for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Mashrah Mubarak Ahmed , Fang Ying , Song Wanxing , Al‐Maweri Sadeq Ali , Lan Yang , Linhu Ge , Wang Liping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe present network meta‐analysis aims to answer the question “what is the best topical intervention for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis that can provide an acceptable pain relief and promote wound healing?”MethodsFrom inception to October 2022, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched to identify all potentially eligible randomized controlled trials. The primary outcomes were pain scores and/or healing time, while the secondary outcomes were the associated side effects. The Bayesian network meta‐analysis accompanied by a random effect model and 95% credible intervals were calculated.ResultsForty‐three randomized controlled trials with a total of 3067 participants, comparing 20 different topical medications, were included. Concerning pain reduction, the network meta‐analysis failed to show any statistically significant differences when different topical treatments were compared together or even with a placebo at different time intervals. Except for doxycycline, which showed a statistically significant difference in terms of accelerating healing time, other topical interventions showed no statistically significant differences when compared with placebo or with each other.ConclusionWithin the limitations of the current network meta‐analysis, it seems that:
A low to moderate quality of evidence showed no superiority of any topical treatment over others concerning pain reduction, although rank probability tests revealed sucralfate, doxycycline, hyaluronic acid, and chamomile as the most efficacious treatment options at different evaluation times. Hence, further well‐designed clinical trials with larger sample sizes are warranted.
Topical doxycycline was shown to be the most efficacious intervention in promoting healing of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
Melatonin, a potentially effective drug for the treatment of infected bone nonunion
Authors: Qin Han‐jun , He Si‐ying , Shen Ke , Lin Qing‐rong , Hu Yan‐jun , Chen Zi‐lin , Yu Bin , Jiang Nan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOsteomyelitis (OM), characterized by heterogeneity and complexity in treatment, has a high risk of infection recurrence which may cause limb disability. Management of chronic inactive osteomyelitis (CIOM) without typical inflammatory symptoms is a great challenge for orthopedic surgeons. On the basis of data analysis of 1091 OM cases, we reported that latent osteogenic decline in CIOM patients was the main cause of secondary surgery. Our research shows that impairment of osteoblasts capacity in CIOM patients is associated with ferroptosis of osteoblasts caused by internalization of Staphylococcus aureus. Further studies show that melatonin could alleviate ferroptosis of osteoblasts in infected states through Nox4/ROS/P38 axis and protect the osteogenic ability of CIOM patients. Knockout of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in vivo could effectively relieve ferroptosis of osteoblasts in the state of infection and promote osteogenesis. Through a large number of clinical data analyses combined with molecular experiments, this study clarified that occult osteogenic disorders in CIOM patients were related to ferroptosis of osteoblasts. We revealed that melatonin might be a potential therapeutic drug for CIOM patients and provided a new insight for the treatment of OM.
Evaluation of plasma and urine pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid for equine medication control
Authors: Minamijima Yohei , Kuroda Taisuke , Kamiya Takahiro , Sone Yu , Wakuno Ai , Ito Hideki , Nomura Motoi , Leung Gary Ngai‐Wa , Kinoshita Kenji , Yamada Masayuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tranexamic acid (TXA) in horses and estimate its irrelevant plasma and urine concentrations using the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approach by applying the Pierre‐Louis Toutain model. TXA was intravenously administered to eight thoroughbred mares, and plasma and urine TXA concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The quantified data were used to calculate the PK parameters of TXA in horses. The plasma elimination curves were best‐fitted to a three‐compartment model. Using the Toutain model approach, irrelevant plasma and urine TXA concentrations were estimated to be 0.0206 and 0.997 μg/mL, respectively. The typical values of clearance, steady‐state volume of distribution, and steady‐state urine‐to‐plasma ratio were 0.080 L/kg/h, 0.86 L/kg, and 49.0, respectively. The obtained irrelevant concentrations will be useful for establishing relevant regulatory screening limits for effective control of TXA use in horse racing and equestrian sports.
Psychosocial predictors of post‐natal anxiety and depression: Using Structural Equation Modelling to investigate the relationship between pressure to breastfeed, health care professional support, post‐natal guilt and shame, and post‐natal anxiety and depression within an infant feeding context
Authors: Jackson Leanne , Fallon Vicky , Harrold Joanne A. , De Pascalis Leonardo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh perceived pressure to breastfeed and poor perceived quality of health care professional support have been associated with early breastfeeding cessation, guilt, and shame. This is problematic because guilt and shame significantly predict post‐natal anxiety and depression. No previous attempts have been made to provide quantitative evidence for relationships mapped between the post‐natal social context, infant feeding method and post‐natal emotional well‐being. The current study aimed to empirically investigate aforementioned pathways. Structural equation modelling was applied to survey data provided online by 876 mothers. Guilt and shame both significantly predicted anxiety and depression. Poor health care professional support and high pressure to breastfeed increased anxiety and depression, and these effects were explained by indirect pathways through increases in guilt and shame. Formula feeding exclusivity was negatively correlated with post‐natal anxiety symptoms. This finding may be explained by feelings of relief associated with observed infant weight gain and being able to share infant feeding responsibilities others e.g., with one's partner. This relationship was counterbalanced by an indirect pathway where greater formula feeding exclusivity positively predicted guilt, which increased post‐natal anxiety score. While guilt acted as mediator of infant feeding method to increase post‐natal depression and anxiety, shame acted independently of infant feeding method. These identified differences provide empirical support for the transferability of general definitions of guilt (i.e., as remorse for having committed a moral transgression) and shame (i.e., internalisation of transgressive remorse to the self), to an infant feeding context. Recommendations for health care practitioners and the maternal social support network are discussed.
Type I MADS‐box transcription factor TaMADS‐GS regulates grain size by stabilizing cytokinin signalling during endosperm cellularization in wheat
Authors: Zhang Jianing , Zhang Zhaoheng , Zhang Ruijie , Yang Changfeng , Zhang Xiaobang , Chang Siyuan , Chen Qian , Rossi Vincenzo , Zhao Long , Xiao Jun , Xin Mingming , Du Jinkun , Guo Weilong , Hu Zhaorong , Liu Jie , Peng Huiru , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , Yao Yingyin 
Published: September 2023

SummaryGrain size is one of the important traits in wheat breeding programs aimed at improving yield, and cytokinins, mainly involved in cell division, have a positive impact on grain size. Here, we identified a novel wheat gene TaMADS‐GS encoding type I MADS‐box transcription factor, which regulates the cytokinins signalling pathway during early stages of grain development to modulate grain size and weight in wheat. TaMADS‐GS is exclusively expressed in grains at early stage of seed development and its knockout leads to delayed endosperm cellularization, smaller grain size and lower grain weight. TaMADS‐GS protein interacts with the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and leads to repression of genes encoding cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenases (CKXs) stimulating cytokinins inactivation by mediating accumulation of the histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Through the screening of a large wheat germplasm collection, an elite allele of the TaMADS‐GS exhibits higher ability to repress expression of genes inactivating cytokinins and a positive correlation with grain size and weight, thus representing a novel marker for breeding programs in wheat. Overall, these findings support the relevance of TaMADS‐GS as a key regulator of wheat grain size and weight.
Aligning policies, maintaining power: State‐society conflicts and state responses to food crises in Indonesia and Nigeria
Authors: Arif Sirojuddin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite the importance of food for both economic and political reasons, why do governments respond differently to food crises? To answer this question, this article assesses the politics of state responses to food crises in Indonesia and Nigeria in the 1960s and 1970s. Using the state‐in‐society approach to politics, this research finds that variation in state–society conflicts explains the differences in Indonesia's and Nigeria's responses to the food crises. Conflicts between the state and urban workers led Nigeria to align its food policies with the need to contain urban workers' grievances, while in Indonesia conflicts between peasants and the state led the government to align its food policies with rural development to raise food production and eliminate the source of rural threats. State responses to food crises are therefore context‐dependent policies, deeply influenced by the salient form of state–society conflicts.Related ArticlesAsare‐Nuamah, Peter, Anthony Amoah, and Simplice A. Asongu. 2023. “Achieving Food Security in Ghana: Does Governance Matter?” Politics & Policy, Early View. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12540.Ayanoore, Ishmael, and Sam Hickey. 2022. “Reframing the Politics of Natural Resource Governance in Africa: Insights from the Local Content Legislation Process in Ghana.” Politics & Policy 50(1): 119–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12449.Oehmke, James F., Sera L. Young, Godfrey Bahiigwa, Boaz Blackie Keizire, and Lori Ann Post. 2018. “The Behavioral‐Economics Basis of Mutual Accountability to Achieve Food Security.” Politics & Policy 46(1): 32–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12244.
LES MODELING OF HIGH-LIFT HIGH-WORK LPT BLADES: PART II—VALIDATION AND APPLICATION
Authors: Kerestes Jared , Marks Christopher , Clark John , Wolff J. Mitch , Ni Ron-Ho (Bob) , Fletcher Nathan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Over the years, computational fluids dynamics (CFD) has matured to such a state so as to be indispensable in turbine design. In the past two decades, significant advances in turbine design have been made through the use of CFD—in particular, through the use of Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. Currently, turbine design is RANS-driven; however, significant gains in performance and efficiency are becoming more difficult to achieve using RANS. For this reason, the turbomachinery CFD community is moving toward Large-Eddy Simulations (LES). In the design of low-pressure turbine (LPT) blades, LES is particularly beneficial owing to its ability to capture accurately both transition and separation. In this paper, LES is used to characterize a new family of high-lift high-work LPT blades—designated the LXFHW-LS family—designed at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). LES simulations are conducted in accordance with the methodology outlined in Part I of this paper. The purpose of this paper is twofold: 1) to use LES to predict the performance of the LXFHW-LS family and compare to measurements in a low-speed linear cascade and, in doing so, 2) to illustrate how LES may be used in LPT design as it evolves from RANS-driven to LES-driven. For each blade in the family, the loading distribution and loss coefficient are computed for sixteen separate Reynolds numbers. Computational results are validated using detailed experimental measurements from a low-speed linear cascade wind tunnel.
A Numerical Test Rig for Turbomachinery Flows Based on Large Eddy Simulations With a High-Order Discontinuous Galerkin Scheme—Part III: Secondary Flow Effects
Authors: Morsbach Christian , Bergmann Michael , Tosun Adem , Klose Bjoern F. , Bechlars Patrick , Kügeler Edmund 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this final paper of a three-part series, we apply the numerical test rig based on a high-order discontinuous Galerkin scheme to the MTU T161 low-pressure turbine with diverging end walls at off-design Reynolds number of 90,000, Mach number of 0.6, and inflow angle of 41 deg. The inflow end wall boundary layers are prescribed in accordance with the experiment. Validation of the setup is shown against recent numerical references and the corresponding experimental data. Additionally, we propose and conduct a purely numerical experiment with upstream bar wake generators at a Strouhal number of 1.25, which is well above what was possible in the experiment. We discuss the flow physics at midspan and in the end wall region and highlight the influence of the wakes from the upstream row on the complex secondary flow system using instantaneous flow visualization, phase averages, and modal decomposition techniques.
Modeling and Optimization of a PCM-Based Ocean Thermal Energy Harvester for Powering Unmanned Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Ouro-Koura Habilou , Jung Hyunjun , Borca-Tasciuc Diana-Andra , Copping Andrea E. , Deng Zhiqun (Daniel) 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As oceans cover over 70% of the planet’s surface, they represent a large reservoir of resources that remained vastly untapped. Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) are becoming key technology for ocean exploration. Ocean thermal gradient is a permanent and reliable energy source that can be used to power UUVs using phase change material (PCM)-based thermal engines. When using PCM-based thermal engines to power UUVs, there are different energy conversion stages, thermal, hydraulic, kinetic, and electrical, dependent on a wide variety of parameters. Thus, optimization of the overall energy conversion is still a challenge for powering the increasing energy demanding UUVs for long missions.
The goal of this study is to propose a PCM-based ocean thermal energy harvesting system for powering float type UUVs such as the Solo II float. This reduces the cost for battery replacement and expands the float’s mission time. For this purpose, we developed a model consisting of hydraulic and electrical systems, designed to provide the electrical power needed by the UUV. The hydraulic and electrical systems are implemented using MATLAB-Simulink. The model developed can provide 13.66 kJ of electrical energy, which is more than 1.5 times the energy requirement per cycle for the SOLO II float.