bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criticality points on the phase diagram of substances as scaling parameters in the law of corresponding states: alkali metals
Authors: Ramesh A , Balasubramanian R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The law of corresponding states (LCS), based on a generalized van der Waals equation of state (gvdWEoS) has been formulated by rescaling its thermodynamic variables with liquid- vapour critical—point parameters, the spinodal, the thermodynamic limit of superheat (TLS) and the supercritical (SC) point. This gvdWEoS differs from the known van der Waals equation of state (vdWEoS) by the modified attractive term. The scaling properties have been derived on the basis of the gvdWEoS. The expressions for the isothermal compressibility, a derivate of Gibbs free energy, have been derived. In all the cases of rescaling, the gvdWEoS has the similar functional form and the expression for isothermal compressibility has a similar functional form. This shows that the parameters of any spinodal-point on the phase diagram, including the TLS as a particular case, and the SC point, characteristic point on the quasispinodal, provide the alternate scales of parameterizing the thermodynamic properties of substances other than the liquid-vapour critical point. Moreover, an isothermal compressibility regularity is formulated on the basis of the gvdWEoS and it is found to satisfactorily trace the literature data for saturated liquid alkali metals.
Cold dense quark matter for the Alcubierre drive model
Authors: Guo Jia-rui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Alcubierre warp drive is a controversial theory by Miguel Alcubierre. Some arguments claim that it may not be physically possible. However, based on previous studies, this work suggests an extremely dense quark matter with a low-temperature limit of up to zero that can satisfy the requirements of the Alcubierre warp drive model considering the color interaction potential energy. The energy-momentum tensor and velocity of the warp drive model supported by the quark matter are also described.
The role of thermal noise on key parameters governing the improvement of tokamak fusion reactor efficiency using aneutronic

D−H3e

fuel
Authors: Shakeri Abuzar , Heidari Ebrahim , Hosseinimotlagh Seyedeh Nasrin , Vanaie Hamid Reza 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article examines the time evolution of energy, particle density, synchrotron radiation loss, plasma frequency, electron particle density, and the relationship between these parameters and blackbody radiation in the presence of thermal noise for the tokamak fusion reactor with aneutronic

D
−

H

3

e

fuel. To achieve this goal, a suitable thermal noise term is added to the set of energy and particle balance equations. These nonlinear point kinetic coupled differential equations are simultaneously solved by numerical methods. The results of our calculations related to fusion power, particle density, fusion energy density, and quality factor in cases: (i) without and (ii) with noise show that in the conditions where thermal noise is considered, the mentioned parameters and quality factor are increased and in fact system performance improves. Also, our numerical results related to synchrotron radiation loss, plasma frequency, electron particle density, and energy intensity in cases (i) and (ii) show that in the conditions when blackbody radiation occurs (3.75 and 7.225 s respectively for (i) and (ii) cases), synchrotron radiation reaches the maximum values of

1.879
×

10

4

w
/

m

3

and

4.546
×

10

4

w
/

m

3

for (i) and (ii) cases, respectively.
Improvement in the simulation tools for heat distribution predictions and control of baffle and middle divertor loads in Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Gao Yu , Feng Yuhe , Endler Michael , Jakubowski Marcin W. , Geiger Joachim , Bozhenkov Sergey , Puig Sitjes Aleix , Pisano Fabio , Dhard Chandra Prakash , Naujoks Dirk , Krychowiak Maciej , Otte Matthias , König Ralf , Zhang Daihong , Schlisio Georg , Wenzel Uwe , Sunn Pedersen Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the first divertor campaign in Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), unexpected significant heat loads were observed at particular plasma-facing components (e.g. baffle tiles and middle divertor part) which were not designed to receive high heat flux. In a prior investigation, it was concluded that the previous diffusive field line tracing (DFLT) model used for divertor design in W7-X cannot reproduce these loads, due to the missing physics in simulating the heat transport in the shaded flux tubes. To tackle this issue, two new efficient codes (DFLT_rev and EMC3-Lite) are introduced and validated against various experimental heat distributions in different magnetic configurations. The new tungsten baffle tiles have been designed with these codes and mounted in the machine, aiming for mitigated heat loads in the upcoming campaign.
Steady states and phase transitions in heterogeneous asymmetric exclusion processes
Authors: Goswami Atri , Chatterjee Mainak , Mukherjee Sudip 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study nonequilibrium steady states in totally asymmetric exclusion processes (TASEPs) with open boundary conditions having spatially inhomogeneous hopping rates. Considering smoothly varying hopping rates, we show that the steady states are in general classified by the steady state currents in direct analogy with open TASEPs having uniform hopping rates. We calculate the steady state bulk density profiles, which are now spatially nonuniform. We also obtain the phase diagrams in the plane of the control parameters, which, despite having phase boundaries that are in general curved lines, have the same topology as their counterparts for conventional open TASEPs, independent of the form of the hopping rate functions. This reveals a type of universality, not encountered in critical phenomena. Surprisingly and in contrast to the phase transitions in an open TASEP with uniform hopping, our studies on the phase transitions in the model reveal that all three transitions are first order in nature. We also demonstrate that this model admits delocalised domain walls (DDWs) on the phase boundaries, demarcating the generalised low and high density phases in this model. However, in contrast to the DDWs observed in an open TASEP with uniform hopping, the envelopes of the DDWs in the present model are generally curved lines.
Study on spontaneous combustion and environmental pollution in a coal storage yard
Authors: Muthukumar K , Amirtham K , Sundaramahalingam A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In coal fired power plants, Bituminous coal grade C is received through wagons from coal mines, unloaded, and separated as sized coal and coal dust. Coal is stored in stockpiles of around 22000 square metres that have been specified for coal storage. The size of each stockpile is 15’ in length, 10’ in width, and 10’ in height and the temperature in the locality is around 38 °C, with summer temperatures reaching 42 °C. Spontaneous combustion occurred more than 90 times in a six month time. More than 75% of the area always has coal-stock since the industries are far away from the coal mines and more than 50 big furnaces use the coal gas as fuel. Raw coal and coal dust have higher sulphur content, a very low onset temperature, and the highest volatile matter content. Hence, it undergoes spontaneous combustion easily. The fixed carbon of sized coal is higher, and therefore its susceptibility to unstructured burning is lesser contrast with two new trials since it will have a higher calorific value. The quality of coal has the highest impact, while low-grade coal is most responsible for spontaneous combustion, and high-grade coal is the least susceptible to warming. The main indicators are physical symptoms such as odor, smoke, or heat sensation. The polluted environments contain CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, and C2H6.
Monitoring and analyzing the effect of heavy metals in air based on ecological and health risks in Coimbatore
Authors: Sadheesh S , Malathi R , Arundhathi  , Rino M Adlin , Swetha R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Earlier, there were limited number of small-scale factories and they were operated only for certain hours a day. Therefore, the level of air pollution was moderate. But when those factories are converted into a large-scale factory the industrial air pollution created a major impact. The studies say that 6 out of 10 people in Coimbatore region inhales polluted air that outdo the WHO data limit. Air quality index can convey the people how polluted the air is. Industries are the major source for worsening air quality. Higher the air quality greater the health concern. To estimate the air quality in the industrial areas of Coimbatore city the air pollutants like ammonia (NH3), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Particulate matter10 (PM10), Carbon mono oxide (CO) and Trioxygen (O3) are monitored regularly to do the analysis and also the suspended particulate matter (SPM) are collected in the industrial areas of five stations. The collected SPM undergoes analysis for heavy metal contents like Zinc (Zn), Ferrous (Fe), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni) and Chromium (Cr). All the ten samples were wrapped in a polythene sleeve and taken to air pollution division, Environmental Scientific Research Department, Government college of Technology, Coimbatore.
The result shows that the prominent pollutant present in Coimbatore city is Carbon monoxide (CO) and also the higher possibility of Particulate matter10 (PM10). In heavy metal content analysis, the result shows that the concentration of zinc (Zn) is greater than that of other metal contents in Coimbatore city. The order for concentration of heavy metals that we got from our analysis is Zn>Cu>Fe>Cr>Ni>Pb.The concentration of Zinc (Zn) is higher because in most of the industries iron and steel plays a major role. Zinc (Zn) act as protective coating for those products.
Air pollution is one of the deadly environmental threat for death. It is accountable that the death from heart attacks, strokes, breathing disorder and other respiratory disease are more than 7 million for every year. This states that the death due to air pollution causing diseases are greater than tuberculosis, AIDS and malaria combined. As per the medical analysis the causes of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are mainly due to the heavy metal content present in the air.
Geometric characteristics of multitudinous lakes and lake catchments for Bangalore rural catchment
Authors: Jacob P , Palur S , Sameer S M , Sneha M , Puneeth L , Namratha B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bangalore is a city of lakes. There are numerous lakes in Bangalore Urban and Rural districts with significant variations in the size of the lakes. The lakes are an essential water source to these areas in the absence of rivers. It is necessary to know the morphometry parameters of the lake and its catchment to compute the volume of water generated and stored in the lakes during rainfall events. The geometric aspects of the lake provide robust knowledge about the hydrologic response of the catchment to rainfall events. The delineation of lake and lake catchment is done in QGIS software. There are 131 lake catchments in the study area whose catchment area varies from 0.20km2 to 22.5km2. The geometric aspects’ average values, namely form factor, compactness coefficient, elongation ratio, and circularity ratio, are 0.815, 1.8, 1, and 0.321, respectively. These parameters are derived from the lake catchment’s area, perimeter, and length.
Reduction of Dye component level by using the waste based materials- Groundnut shell powder and Neem seed powder
Authors: Sankar Subhashini , Kowsalya E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Methylene blue dye discharged from the textile industries is a thiazine dye which is toxic and non-degradable chemical. Activated carbon is mostly used adsorbent to effectively remove Methylene blue from industrial waste waters. Low-cost adsorbents like groundnut shell powder and neem powder were used for the dye component level present in a solution as batchmode treatment for the Methylene blue concentration of 200mg/litre and fixed adsorbent concentration of 0.5 grams Adsorbent I (Neem seed powder) have an excellent adsorption capacity of 85% where as for the same process condition, Adsorbent II (Groundnut shell powder) showed only 15% adsorption. The Effect of contact time on Adsorbate (Methylene blue) concentration removal data obtained for the both adsorbent I & II shows linear increase of percent removal capacity. For adsorbent I it shows maximum of 95% in 100min for adsorbent II 80 % is the maximum Percent removal.
Design and development of a 2-liter flush system for squat latrine
Authors: Nandhakumar A. , Mithulkiruthik K S , Kiritharan C , Karthick K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Among the various energy resources water plays a vital role in our day today life. This source has been deploying every year due to bore well construction and because of climatic change caused by pollution. Wastage of water in public toilets is an important issue in our day today life. This paper provides an alternative solution to reduce the wastage of water in public toilet by modifying the structure of the public toilet construction for effective usage. Additionally by using the natural resources like lime and ash the toilet faeces are decomposed and it is converted to fertilizer. Initially the design of the toilet system was carried out using Solid works. The prototype design of the flush system was developed and its performances like consumption of water quantity, dimension of the toilet system, cost of implementation and environmental impacts caused by the toilet system was compared with the western type toilet system.
Performance of Lightweight Self Cured Geopolymer Tiles
Authors: Anuja N , Jeganmurugan P , Sree Rameswari A , Yasar Mohammed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent investigation proved that the major threat produced by the cement industries can be prevented by using a unique type of concrete called geopolymer. Here, the strength and heat based properties of light weight self-cured geopolymer tiles are investigated. The mix is prepared by taking Sodium hydroxide solution of 10 M, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio as 2.5, liquid to flyash ratio of 0.4 as the base, Superplasticizer CONPLAST SP430 which is of Napthalene based is used to improve geopolymer concrete’s operability. Here calcium rich GGBS and OPC are added at an interval of 1% as additives in the range of 5 -10%. A tile at ambient curing with 10% of GGBS showed a better outcome of 37.5% than the oven cured one. Inorder to make geopolymer as a good thermal insulating material with adequate strength, different types of foaming agents are added to the geopolymer mix. Foaming agents helps in developing pores inside the specimen which makes them light in weight. Here, hydrogen peroxide is used as foaming agent, which is added to the geopolymer mix in the range of 0.5-1.5% at the interval of 0.5%. 0.5% of hydrogen peroxide showed a better strength in bending such as 81.3% higher than the other and also shows good thermal property.
Employment of cisco metal slag in fly ash bricks for a progressive sustainable solution for reusing waste from manufacture of creation materials
Authors: Vetturayasudharsanan R , Kavitha S , mandal Uzwal , Bhavadharini S , Dharani A , Balaji G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The metal-production industry creates a wide exhibit of strong waste, fluid effluents, and vaporous squanders. The stable wastes include slag, powdery materials, sludge, and scrap. So feasibility have a look at of metal slag recycling in fly ash bricks applied laboratory assessments and commercial trials on three exceptional styles of wastes and clay bodies. Crucial necessities consist of slag grinding at 90micron in size, in addition to magnetic separation. In an effort to replace everyday conventional bricks with Cisco metallic ash CSA) and Fly Ash (FA), lime is used as a binder cloth and whereas gypsum as a stabilizer. A huge variety of houses became examined, which includes unit weight and workability of fresh concrete, compressive strength, dihydrogen monoxide (water absorption), efflorescence of hardened concrete. In keeping with Indian codal provision three types were taken in account (Type1, Type2, Type3) with alternative of composition like [Type I - Fly ash: lime: M-sand: gypsum, Type II-Fly ash: cisco steel: M-sand: gypsum, Type III- - Fly ash: cisco steel: lime: M-sand: gypsum] to test the energy properties. While doing the test with metallic ash composition, it effects in higher electricity in lieu of metallic performs a tension position at some stage in loading. Although this addition of metal slag consequences in the discount of shrinkage which ends up in financial and better nice bricks.
Characterization of porosity in lack of fusion pores in selective laser melting using the wavefunction
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Liao Qiuhui , Zhang Xiaoxun , Ma Fang , Wu Minghui , Xu Qiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) is used extensively in the manufacture of components for both production and domestic applications. However, the lack of fusion pores is one of the most common defects in the SLM process, affecting the performance and life of the part and hindering the development of the SLM process. Meanwhile, the defects are particularly sensitive to changes in SLM process parameters. The micro-selective laser melting (μ SLM) model was established by molecular dynamics simulation, and the lack of fusion pores in the melt pool was analyzed by a multifunctional wavefunction analyzer to understand the difference of the porosities under different processes. The results show that both laser power and scanning speed can prolong the existence time of the melt pool by changing the input energy density. The melted powder has more time to fill the lack of fusion pores, thus reducing the porosity. The larger scanning spacing hinders the combination of adjacent melt pools, leading to an increase in porosity. Reducing scanning spacing will lead to sintering or remelting, thus improving the bonding quality of adjacent melt pools and effectively reducing porosity.
No-reference perceptual CT image quality assessment based on a self-supervised learning framework
Authors: Lee Wonkyeong , Cho Eunbyeol , Kim Wonjin , Choi Hyebin , Beck Kyongmin Sarah , Yoon Hyun Jung , Baek Jongduk , Choi Jang-Hwan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Accurate image quality assessment (IQA) is crucial to optimize computed tomography (CT) image protocols while keeping the radiation dose as low as reasonably achievable. In the medical domain, IQA is based on how well an image provides a useful and efficient presentation necessary for physicians to make a diagnosis. Moreover, IQA results should be consistent with radiologists’ opinions on image quality, which is accepted as the gold standard for medical IQA. As such, the goals of medical IQA are greatly different from those of natural IQA. In addition, the lack of pristine reference images or radiologists’ opinions in a real-time clinical environment makes IQA challenging. Thus, no-reference IQA (NR-IQA) is more desirable in clinical settings than full-reference IQA (FR-IQA). Leveraging an innovative self-supervised training strategy for object detection models by detecting virtually inserted objects with geometrically simple forms, we propose a novel NR-IQA method, named deep detector IQA (D2IQA), that can automatically calculate the quantitative quality of CT images. Extensive experimental evaluations on clinical and anthropomorphic phantom CT images demonstrate that our D2IQA is capable of robustly computing perceptual image quality as it varies according to relative dose levels. Moreover, when considering the correlation between the evaluation results of IQA metrics and radiologists’ quality scores, our D2IQA is marginally superior to other NR-IQA metrics and even shows performance competitive with FR-IQA metrics.
Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm based on fundus photographs for estimating the CAIDE dementia risk score
Authors: Hua Rong , Xiong Jianhao , Li Gail , Zhu Yidan , Ge Zongyuan , Ma Yanjun , Fu Meng , Li Chenglong , Wang Bin , Dong Li , Zhao Xin , Ma Zhiqiang , Chen Jili , Gao Xinxiao , He Chao , Wang Zhaohui , Wei Wenbin , Wang Fei , Gao Xiangyang , Chen Yuzhong , Zeng Qiang , Xie Wuxiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) dementia risk score is a recognised tool for dementia risk stratification. However, its application is limited due to the requirements for multidimensional information and fasting blood draw. Consequently, an effective and non-invasive tool for screening individuals with high dementia risk in large population-based settings is urgently needed.

Methods
a deep learning algorithm based on fundus photographs for estimating the CAIDE dementia risk score was developed and internally validated by a medical check-up dataset included 271,864 participants in 19 province-level administrative regions of China, and externally validated based on an independent dataset included 20,690 check-up participants in Beijing. The performance for identifying individuals with high dementia risk (CAIDE dementia risk score ≥ 10 points) was evaluated by area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
the algorithm achieved an AUC of 0.944 (95% CI: 0.939–0.950) in the internal validation group and 0.926 (95% CI: 0.913–0.939) in the external group, respectively. Besides, the estimated CAIDE dementia risk score derived from the algorithm was significantly associated with both comprehensive cognitive function and specific cognitive domains.

Conclusions
this algorithm trained via fundus photographs could well identify individuals with high dementia risk in a population setting. Therefore, it has the potential to be utilised as a non-invasive and more expedient method for dementia risk stratification. It might also be adopted in dementia clinical trials, incorporated as inclusion criteria to efficiently select eligible participants.