bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concordance between the Stockholm Workshop Scale and the International Consensus Criteria for grading the severity of neurosensory manifestations in hand-arm vibration syndrome in a Swedish clinical setting
Authors: Tekavec Eva , Nilsson Tohr , Riddar Jakob , Axmon Anna , Nordander Catarina 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesOccupational exposure to vibration using hand-held tools may cause hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Correct diagnosis and grading of severity are crucial in protecting the individual’s health and for workers’ compensation claims. The International Consensus Criteria (ICC) has been suggested to replace the widely used Stockholm Workshop Scale (SWS). The aims were to, in a clinical setting, assess the concordance between the SWS and the ICC neurosensory severity grading of vibration injury, and to present the clinical picture according to symptoms, type of affected nerve fibres and the relation between vascular and neurosensory manifestations.MethodsData were collected from questionnaires, clinical examination and exposure assessment of 92 patients with HAVS. The severity of neurosensory manifestations was classified according to both scales. The prevalence of symptoms and findings was compared across groups of patients with increasing severity according to the SWS.ResultsClassification with the ICC resulted in a shift towards lower grades of severity than with the SWS due to a systematic difference between the scales. Affected sensory units with small nerve fibres were far more prevalent than affected units with large nerve fibres. The most prevalent symptoms were numbness (91%) and cold intolerance (86%).ConclusionsUsing the ICC resulted in lower grades of the severity of HAVS. This should be taken into consideration when giving medical advice and approving workers’ compensation. Clinical examinations should be performed to detect affected sensory units with both small and large nerve fibres and more attention should be paid to cold intolerance.
Dopamine delivery systems based on C60 and C24 with B and N as substituents
Authors: Martínez Ana 
Published: May 2023

Two different options as potential dopamine delivery systems were investigated in this study: fullerene C60- and C24-like structures. The systems being investigated include C60, C59X, C58X2, C24, C23X, and C22X2 (X represents B or N). Electron donor acceptor capacity and interaction energies were reported. Systems with one B are better electron acceptors than those with one N. The interaction of compounds containing B with dopamine is more favorable than the interaction of systems containing N. For a dopamine delivery system, at least two conditions are necessary. The first is the stability of the carrier-dopamine compound. This condition is fulfilled because C60-based heterofullerenes with B and dopamine form stable structures. Also, dopamine with C24-based structures containing B or N form stable structures. The second is that the interaction energy should be lower than the energy that binds dopamine to the receptor. Systems that fulfill the second condition include C60 and C58B2. The other systems present interaction energies that exceed 40 kcal/mol. Dopamine will bond to these systems and will most probably not be delivered at the receptor site, but these systems that interact strongly with dopamine may serve as agonists because they are good electron donors like dopamine. Systems with B could be antagonists of dopamine since they are good electron acceptors. This idea might be interesting to explore through experiments because heterofullerenes with B and dopamine might serve as antipsychotics rather than dopamine delivery systems.
Rethinking Donor and Recipient Risk Matching in Europe and North America: Using Heart Transplant Predictors of Donor and Recipient Risk
Authors: Moayedi Yasbanoo , Rodenas-Alesina Eduard , Mueller Brigitte , Fan Chun-Po S. , Cherikh Wida S. , Stehlik Josef , Teuteberg Jeffrey J. , Ross Heather J. , Khush Kiran K. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
In Europe, there is greater acceptance of hearts from higher-risk donors for transplantation, whereas in North America, the donor heart discard rate is significantly higher. A Donor Utilization Score (DUS) was used to compare European and North American donor characteristics for recipients included in the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation registry from 2000 to 2018. DUS was further evaluated as an independent predictor for 1-year freedom from graft failure, after adjusting for recipient risk. Lastly, we assessed donor-recipient risk matching with the outcome of 1-year graft failure.

Methods:
DUS was applied to the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation cohort using meta-modeling. Posttransplant freedom from graft failure was summarized by Kaplan-Meier survival. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to quantify the effects of DUS and Index for Mortality Prediction After Cardiac Transplantation score on the 1-year risk of graft failure. We present 4 donor/recipient risk groups using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results:

European centers accept significantly higher-risk donor hearts compared to North America. DUS 0.45 versus 0.54,
P
<0.005). DUS was an independent predictor for graft failure with an inverse linear relationship when adjusted for covariates (
P
<0.001). The Index for Mortality Prediction After Cardiac Transplantation score, a validated tool to assess recipient risk, was also independently associated with 1-year graft failure (
P
<0.001). In North America, 1-year graft failure was significantly associated with donor-recipient risk matching (log-rank
P
<0.001). One-year graft failure was highest with pairing of high-risk recipients and donors (13.1% [95% CI, 10.7%–13.9%]) and lowest among low-risk recipients and donors (7.4% [95% CI, 6.8%–8.0%]). Matching of low-risk recipients with high-risk donors was associated with significantly less graft failure (9.0% [95% CI, 8.3%–9.7%]) than high-risk recipients with low-risk donors (11.4% [95% CI, 10.7%–12.2%])

Conclusions:
European heart transplantation centers are more likely to accept higher-risk donor hearts than North American centers. Acceptance of borderline-quality donor hearts for lower-risk recipients could improve donor heart utilization without compromising recipient survival.
Use of a Cardiac Scale to Predict Heart Failure Events: Design of SCALE-HF 1
Authors: Fudim Marat , Yazdi Daniel , Egolum Ugochukwu , Haghighat Amir , Kottam Anupama , Sauer Andrew J. , Shah Hirak , Kumar Priya , Rakita Val , Centen Corey , Ozonat Kivanc , Smith Sarah , DeVore Adam D. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
There is a need for simple, noninvasive solutions to remotely monitor and predict worsening heart failure (HF) events. SCALE-HF 1 (Surveillance and Alert-Based Multiparameter Monitoring to Reduce Worsening Heart Failure Events) is a prospective, multicenter study that will develop and assess the accuracy of the heart function index—a composite algorithm of noninvasive hemodynamic biomarkers from a cardiac scale—in predicting worsening HF events.

Methods:
Approximately 300 patients with chronic HF and recent decompensation will be enrolled in this observational study for model development. Patients will be encouraged to take daily cardiac scale measurements.

Results:
Approximately 50 HF events, defined as an urgent, unscheduled clinic, emergency department, or hospitalization for worsening HF will be used for model development. The composite index will be developed from hemodynamic biomarkers derived from ECG, ballistocardiogram, and impedance plethysmogram signals measured from the cardiac scale. Biomarkers of interest include weight, peripheral impedance, pulse rate and variability, and estimates of stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood pressure captured through the cardiac scale. The sensitivity, unexplained alert rate, and alerting time of the index in predicting worsening HF events will be evaluated and compared with the performance of simple weight-based rule-of-thumb algorithms (eg, weight increase of 3 lbs in 1 day or 5 lbs in 7 days) that are often used in practice.

Conclusions:
SCALE-HF 1 is the first study to develop and evaluate the performance of a composite index derived from noninvasive hemodynamic biomarkers measured from a cardiac scale in predicting worsening HF events. Subsequent studies will validate the heart function index and assess its ability to improve patient outcomes.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04882449.
Eventocracy, Affective Supremacy and Resistance in Turkey’s Captured Media Ecology
Authors: Bulut Ergin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Turkish government has captured media to build ‘eventocracy’, a regime of ‘ruling by event’ to manage public attention and disrupt politics. Eventocracy strives for affective supremacy, a mode of political-emotional domination where the ruling AKP positions itself as the self-righteous national power. Through a chain of events, it casts the opposition’s grievances as national threats. Two specific events, the Roboski Massacre and the Kabataş Incident, demonstrate how the government has mobilized bitter arguments and sensational narratives with often sexist and ethnicist undertones of supremacy to affectively deplete the opposition. In response, narratives produced by citizens in low-budget street interviews and rap artists in songs contest this affective supremacy, revealing that institutional media capture remains fragile at best. Reframing media capture through affect helps us rethink the state as a key media producer and performer of political crises while questioning fact-checking as an oppositional style across authoritarian contexts.
Missionizing Affects
Authors: Jaber Heather 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article examines the fictionalized retelling of a real 2017 controversy, after images proliferated of fans raising the rainbow flag during the Lebanese band Mashrou Leila’s concert in Egypt in solidarity with the band’s openly queer frontman. It examines the Egyptian musalsal or Arabic-language drama serial, ‘Awalem Khafeya, Hidden Worlds and suggests that the program engages in the ‘recoding’ of these events, where violent state crackdowns are restaged to cultivate different affects and feelings around troubled sovereignty. The production is situated within the Egyptian and Saudi Arabian contexts, where the program aired and ‘anti-corruption’ crackdowns betray state anxieties around economic liberalization. The production is analyzed to demonstrate how recoding operates, reflecting the potential for failed recoding platforms and raising new questions about content and territory. Ultimately, the article offers recoding as a diagnostic of power in the digital media age, where nations face a crisis of sovereignty as they articulate themselves in a global media marketplace.
Rejecting the Ottomans, Revisiting the Mamluks
Authors: Ahmed Yasmine M. , Panetta Claire 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article queries the sociopolitical implications of a wave of popular interest in the legacy of the Mamluk dynasty (1250–1517) in post-2013 Egypt. Although the era’s sultans have traditionally been derided in mainstream culture as tyrannical ‘foreign’ leaders, they have recently been reframed as the last nationalist rulers before the Ottoman invasion. This revised characterization underpins the newfound fascination with their socio-political legacy, which has manifested in various cultural productions, including a new television series, Mamalik al-Nar (Kingdoms of Fire). In this article, we analyze the show’s content, its popularity in Egypt, the debates it has generated on social media and the regional production and distribution networks in which it is embedded. Through this analysis, we argue that the series—and the Mamluk ‘revivalism’ to which it is connected—is part of an unresolved debate about what it means to be Egyptian today.
Multidecadal Variability of Tropical Cyclone Translation Speed over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Guo Yi-Peng , Tan Zhe-Min , Chen Xu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tropical cyclone (TC) translation speed (TCS) over the western North Pacific (WNP) has experienced a long-term decreasing trend. To date, however, little is known about the multidecadal variability of TCS and its possible influence on this trend. This study investigated the multidecadal variability of the WNP TCS and the underlying physical mechanisms. Results show that the WNP TCS presents robust multidecadal variability during the past seven decades, which is dominated by the TCS over the extratropics. Further analysis shows that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) is responsible for the TCS multidecadal variability. AMO positive (negative) phases lead to favorable (unfavorable) large-scale environmental conditions for maintaining TCs over the extratropics, which results in longer (shorter) residence time for TCs having been accelerated by the midlatitude westerlies, thus, leading to higher (lower) TCS. The TCS phase shift strongly offsets its slowdown trend, leading to the inconsistent trends during past decades. This inconsistency may also relate to the influence of extratropical transitioned cyclones without being totally excluded. These cyclones may be inhomogeneously recorded due to the absence of satellite observation before the 1980s. Our results indicate that internal variation such as AMO may dominate TCS low-frequency variations over the past several decades. Previous studies have attributed the inconsistent trends of TCS during different subperiods to data inhomogeneity. This study shows that AMO can modulate the TCS trends in different subperiods with phase shift, thus providing new evidence for the recent controversial TCS slowdown.
Improving Atmospheric Models by Accounting for Chaotic Physics
Authors: Sardeshmukh Prashant D. , Wang Jih-Wang Aaron , Compo Gilbert P. , Penland Cécile 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
It is well known that randomly perturbing an atmospheric model’s diabatic tendencies can increase its probabilistic forecast skill, mainly by increasing the spread of ensemble forecasts and making it more consistent with the errors of ensemble-mean forecasts. Less obvious and less well established is that such perturbations can also reduce the errors of the ensemble-mean forecasts and improve the model’s mean climate, variability, and sensitivity to forcing. A clear reduction in ensemble-mean forecast errors is demonstrated here in large ensembles of 15-day forecasts made with NOAA’s Global Forecast System model. The nearly ubiquitous reduction around the globe, obtained throughout the forecast range, is interpreted as arising in effect from a modification of the model’s deterministic evolution operator by a stochastic noise-induced drift. The effect is general in systems with state-dependent noise, and occurs even if the noise is not white. In the atmospheric context considered here, the effect is suggested to arise largely from noise-induced reductions of mechanical and thermal damping by chaotic boundary layer and cloud-radiative processes, which also tend to increase model sensitivity to forcing. The results presented here are consistent with many previous studies performed with models ranging from simple stochastically forced models to comprehensive global weather and climate models. They suggest that the diabatic interactions in most current global atmospheric models may not be sufficiently chaotic and this deficiency could be partly remedied by specifying additional stochastic terms. Using some empirical guidance in such specifications may be unavoidable, given the generally intractable complexity of the diabatic interactions.
Implementation of a Gastrografin Order Set for Small Bowel Obstruction Across a Health System: A Cohort Study
Authors: McCartt Jason , Cleveland Elaine , Duet Mary , Paton Lauren , Thompson Kyle , Matthews Brent , Cunningham Kyle , Ross Samuel W. , Reinke Caroline E. 
Published: May 2023

Background The use of Gastrografin (GG) in the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) has been shown to decrease the length of stay and operative intervention. Methods This retrospective cohort study examined patients with an SBO diagnosis prior to implementation (PRE, January 2017-January 2019) and following implementation (POST, January 2019-May 2021) of a GG challenge order set made available across 9 hospitals within a health care system. Primary outcomes were utilization of the order set across facilities and over time. Secondary outcomes included time to surgery for operative patients, rate of surgery, nonoperative length of stay, and 30-day readmission. Standard descriptive, univariate, and multivariable regression analyses were performed. Results PRE cohort had 1746 patients and POST had 1889. The utilization of GG increased from 14% to 49.5% following implementation. Significant variability existed within the hospital system with utilization at each individual hospital from 11.5% to 60%. There was an increase in surgical intervention (13.9% vs 16.4%, P = .04) and decrease in nonoperative LOS (65.6 vs 59.9 hours, P < .001) following implementation. For POST patients, multivariable linear regression showed significant reduction in nonoperative length of stay (−23.1 hours, P < .001) but no significant difference in time to surgery (−19.6 hours, P = .08). Discussion The availability of a standardized order set for SBO can result in increased Gastrografin administration across hospital settings. The implementation of a Gastrografin order set was associated with decreased length of stay in nonoperative patients.
Exploring Macroeconomic Implications of Oil Price Fluctuations in India
Authors: Masood Tariq , Shahzeb Syed Mohd. 
Published: May 2023

This study tried to empirically ascertain the interaction of oil prices (OPs) and macroeconomy by using monthly data from January 1991 to January 2020 in the Indian context. Empirical analysis has been carried out on two separate samples (first from January 1991 to June 2002 and second from July 2002 to January 2020) for accommodating changing macroeconomic context. Further, we also tested the suitability for symmetry/asymmetry in the relationship between OPs and macroeconomic variables. It is found that the oil macroeconomy linkage is well approximated by a linear measure. The structural vector auto-regression framework suggests that a positive oil shock during the early reform period causes a significant drop in output growth. There is an increase in inflation in response to a positive shock in OPs and the central bank pursued an expansionary monetary policy to boost investment and consumption. During the last two decades, the decline in output is less pronounced than the first sub-period, while the response of inflation is sharp and significant and lasts for around six months. During recent times, the inflationary effect of oil shocks is a cause of concern and the central bank needs to respond more actively in the future for minimising its effect. JEL Codes: Q31, Q41, E31, E52, E39
Prevalence of hikikomori and associations with suicidal ideation, suicide stigma, and help-seeking among 2,022 young adults in Hong Kong
Authors: Fong Ted CT , Yip Paul SF 
Published: May 2023

Background: Young adults are at elevated risks of hikikomori (severe social withdrawal) under the COVID-19 pandemic, which could lead to psychological distress and suicidal ideation. Aims: The present study aimed to examine the associations among hikikomori, suicide stigma, suicidal ideation, and help-seeking behaviors among young adults in Hong Kong. Method: This study recruited a large sample of 2,022 young adults in Hong Kong via an online survey at the end of 2021. The participants completed the Hikikomori Questionnaire and validated measures on psychological distress, suicide stigma, and suicidal ideation severity and report their help-seeking behaviors. Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to compare the profiles of the hikikomori groups. Path analysis evaluated the effects of hikikomori and suicide stigma on occurrence and severity of suicidal ideation and their associations with help-seeking behaviors. Results: Hikikomori showed significant and positive indirect effects on prevalence and severity of suicidal ideation via psychological distress. Glorification positively predicted hikikomori and suicidal ideation severity among suicidal persons. Hikikomori was associated with reduced help-seeking. Isolation and suicidal ideation were associated with greater barriers to seek help among the non-help-seekers. Perceived helpfulness of sought help was negatively associated with hikikomori and suicidal ideation among the help-seekers. Conclusions: The present findings demonstrated greater prevalence and severity of suicidal ideation and less help-seeking in young adults with hikikomori. Suicide stigma showed differential associations with hikikomori, suicidal ideation, and help-seeking behaviors.
The War in Ukraine and the End of the American Financial Order?
Authors: Grabel Ilene 
Published: May 2023

The crises of 1997–98, 2008, and the pandemic accelerated contradictory changes in global financial governance. Taken together, the change and stasis propelled by these crises is coalescing around a fragmented “post-American financial order.” The war in Ukraine represents another inflection point. The war has facilitated the reassertion of American financial power and cooperation among rich nations. However, like previous crises, the war is creating fissures in financial governance. The landscape offers risks and opportunities against a backdrop of heightened financial fragilities, authoritarianism and fascism, inequalities, devastation associated with the pandemic and war, and climate crisis. In such moments, Hirschman’s “possibilism” is both elusive and necessary. In this context, we might aspire to “permissive multilateralism s” rather than nostalgia for a new Bretton Woods. JEL Classification: F02, F51
Imperialism and the Ukraine War
Authors: Kotz David M. 
Published: May 2023

This article uses the Marxist theory of imperialism to analyze the war in Ukraine that broke out in March 2022. It analyzes the evolution of the socioeconomic system of post-Soviet Russia, the evolving relationship between post-Soviet Russia and the US government, and the history of relations between Russia and Ukraine. It considers the role of nationalist ideology in Russia both before and after the demise of the Soviet Union. The article concludes that a relation of inter-imperialist rivalry played a key role in the conflict that led to the war in Ukraine. JEL Classification: B51, N40, P52