bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Deficiency in Ukraine: Current Evidence
Authors: Grygorieva Nataliia , Solonenko Tatyana , Musiienko Anna , Bystrytska Maryna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Data from numerous studies demonstrate the high frequency of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and insufficiency (VDI) in many countries worldwide that depend on age and sex, the seasons, country, and concomitant pathology. This research was aimed to study vitamin D status in the Ukrainian population during 2016–2022 years depending on age, sex, month, and year of the observation and compare the results with the data of previous Ukrainian epidemiologic studies.
Methods
In a single-center cohort study, we analyzed the serum level of a total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in 7,418 subjects aged 20–99 years. The analysis was performed depending on the age, sex, month, season, and year of the observation. Also, we compared the results with the data of previous Ukrainian studies. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level was measured using the electrochemiluminescence method.
Results
The mean serum 25(OH)D level in the total group was 31.0 [22.3–41.1] ng/mL, the lowest level was in the age group 90–99 years old. No gender differences were found in 25(OH)D levels, except the one for the women aged 60–69 years old, who had higher vitamin D levels compared to male parameters. 41.6% of the subjects had an optimal (> 30–50 ng/mL) 25(OH)D level, 27.3% had VDI, and 19.5% had a VDD. The suboptimal and high serum concentration of 25(OH)D (> 50–100 ng/mL) had 11.4% of the subjects. Also, we established the increase of serum 25(OH)D level from 2016 to 2022 with the highest values in 2020–2022. Seasonal variations of 25(OH)D concentration found the highest index in autumn (33.0 [24.0-42.4] ng/mL) and the lowest one in the spring (28.5 [19.7–38.7] ng/mL) with the highest 25(OH)D level in September and the lowest one in March.
Conclusion
Our results confirmed a decrease in VDD, and VDI in 2020–2022 in the Ukrainian population compared to previous years (2016–2019) and previous Ukrainian studies with similar age and seasonal particularities. It may be the consequence of an improvement in public awareness of global vitamin D deficiency, its positive skeletal and extra-skeletal effects, as well as more intensive vitamin D supplementation due to COVID-19 pandemic in recent years.
Maternal and neonatal factors associated with cesarean delivery in a cohort of pregnancies complicated by prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease
Authors: Masters Heather , Marcuccio Elisa , Jukic Alma , Cnota James , Tabbah Sammy , Divanovic Allison 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Pregnancies with prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease (CHD) have increased cesarean delivery (CD) rates, with no outcome improvement.
Objective: We aim to examine indications for delivery, indications for CD and risk factors associated with CD.
Study Design: Retrospective cohort of 322 singleton pregnancies prenatally diagnosed with moderate to severe CHD. We compared maternal and fetal factors correlated with delivery route.
Results:CD rate was 46% (95%CI 40, 51%). Of all CD, 31.3% (95%CI 23.8, 38.7) were secondary to urgent fetal indications. However, 79.7% of inductions resulted in vaginal delivery (VD). Factors associated with CD include morbid obesity (RR 3.0, 95%CI 1.5, 6.1), diabetes (RR 3.9, 95%CI 2.0, 7.3) and severe pre-eclampsia (6.0, 95%CI 1.7, 21.4). Of the 10 most frequent CHD diagnoses, only hypoplastic-left-heart was associated with CD (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.02, 3.4).
Conclusions: Although the CD rate is higher in fetal CHD, most indications for CD are maternal.
A biological invasion reduces rates of cannibalism by Japanese toad tadpoles
Authors: Crossland Michael R. , Shine Richard , Haramura Takashi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
By imposing novel evolutionary pressures, biological invasions can favour rapid changes in intraspecific competitive mechanisms such as cannibalism. In their invasive range in Australia but not in their native range in South America, cane toads (Rhinella marina) exhibit high rates of cannibalism of embryos (eggs and hatchlings) by tadpoles. To explore the generality of such changes, we examined cannibalism in Japanese common toads (Bufo japonicus) on the islands of Honshu (native range) and Hokkaido (invasive range). Contrary to the Australian system, invasion has been accompanied by a reduction rather than increase in rates of cannibalism under standard laboratory conditions. That reduction in cannibalistic tendency by invasive-range toad tadpoles occurs despite an increase in the attractivity of invasive-range toad embryos as prey to other predatory amphibian larvae, including native-range conspecifics. Our data thus support the idea that biological invasions can generate rapid changes in rates of cannibalism, but also show that decreases as well as increases can occur. Future work could investigate the proximate cues and selective forces responsible for this rapid decrease in rates of cannibalism in invasive populations of Japanese common toads.
Tetris-inspired detector with neural network for radiation mapping
Authors: Okabe Ryotaro , Xue Shangjie , Yu Jiankai , Liu Tongtong , Forget Benoit , Jegelka Stefanie , Kohse Gordon , Lu Lin-Wen , Li Mingda 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In recent years, radiation mapping has attracted widespread research attention and increased public concerns on environmental monitoring. In terms of both materials and their configurations, radiation detectors have been developed to locate the directions and positions of the radiation sources. In this process, algorithm is essential in converting detector signals to radiation source information. However, due to the complex mechanisms of radiation-matter interaction and the current limitation of data collection, high-performance, low-cost radiation mapping is still challenging. Here we present a computational framework using Tetris-inspired detector pixels and machine learning for radiation mapping. Using inter-pixel padding to increase the contrast between pixels and neural network to analyze the detector readings, a detector with as few as four pixels can achieve high-resolution directional mapping. By further imposing Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) with a moving detector, further radiation position localization is achieved. Non-square, Tetris-shaped detector can further improve performance beyond the conventional grid-shaped detector. Our framework offers a new avenue for high quality radiation mapping with least number of detector pixels possible, and is anticipated to be capable to deploy for real-world radiation detection with moderate validation.
Outcomes Following Surgical and Endovascular Treatment of Extracranial Vertebral Artery Aneurysms (VAA): A Systematic Evaluation of the Literature
Authors: Akinnusotu Oluwatoyin , Bhatti Atiq Ur Rehman , Ghaith Abdul Karim , Nieves Antonio Bon , Jarrah Ryan , Wahood Waseem , Bydon Mohamad , Bendok Bernard R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Extracranial vertebral artery aneurysms are rare complications from trauma and multiple diseases. However, the difference between clinical and surgical profiles is not well understood.
Objective
To investigate the clinical and interventional outcomes following extracranial vertebral artery aneurysms (VAA) treatment through a systematic review of the literature to date.
Methods
An electronic database search for full-text English articles was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The search yielded results on clinical and surgical outcomes for extracranial VAAs. These results included patient-specific risk factors, indications, and techniques.
Results
Our literature search yielded 561 articles, of which 36 studies were qualified to be included in the analysis. A total of 55 patients with multiple various extracranial VAA incidents were included. The mean age of subjects was 42 years (ranging from 13 to 76 years), and most patients were males (71%, n = 39). Blunt trauma was the most frequent risk factor for extracranial VAA formation (35%, n = 19). The majority of aneurysms (60%) were dissecting in nature. The most common form of treatment for extracranial VAAs was a flow diverter (24%, n = 13). Overall, five (9%) patients had long-term adverse neurological complications following intervention with 5% (n = 3) mortality, 2% (n = 1) resulting in unilateral vocal cord paralysis, and 2% (n = 1) resulting in a positive Romberg sign. The mortality rate is 15.7% in the surgical group, whereas the endovascular treatment did not result in any mortality.
Conclusion
The endovascular approach is a safe and effective treatment of extracranial VAAs due to its relatively low overall complication rate and lack of resulting mortality. This contrasts with the surgical approach, which results in a higher rate of complications, recurrence, and mortality outcomes. An understanding of the factors and clinical outcomes associated with the incidence of extracranial VAAs is essential for the future improvement of patient outcomes.
A one-stage model of abatement innovation in Cournot duopoly: emissions vs performance standards
Authors: Amir Rabah , Gama Adriana , Lahmandi_Ayed Rim , Werner Katerzyna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper evaluates the comparative performance of emission and performance standards in a one-stage game of abatement R&D and Cournot duopoly, in terms of R&D propensity, output and social welfare. For each standard, …rms simultaneously select R&D and output levels, given the standard’s exogenous constraint. A performance standard generates higher R&D investments and output, but lower pro…t, than the pollution-equivalent emissions standard. The same conclusion extends to social welfare only under high demand. We also conduct a similar comparison for each of the two instruments across the one-stage and the two-stage models. The two-stage model leads to higher levels of R&D and industry output for both standards. The same conclusion applies to the social welfare comparison for the emissions standard. However, for the performance standard , the same conclusion requires a damage parameter below a given threshhold. When the standards are chosen to maximize welfare, the performance comparison becomes highly parameter-dependent, except that social welfare is higher for the performance standard. Some policy implications are discussed.
JEL codes: Q55, Q57, L13.
Uncovering the Relationship between Statins and Muscle Problems in the ELSA-Brasil MSK Cohort
Authors: PEDROSO-CAMARGOS ALINE , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Telles Rosa Weiss , Machado Luciana A. C. , Diniz Maria de Fátima H. S. , Duncan Bruce Bartholow , Figueiredo Roberta Carvalho 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose.
To investigate the association between statins and muscle problems in a highly diverse sample of Brazilian civil servants.
Methods.
We conducted a cross-sectional data analysis at baseline of the ELSA-Brasil MSK cohort. Pain was identified through self-reported symptoms in large muscle groups (lower back and/or hips/thighs). Muscle strength was assessed using the five-times-sit-to-stand (FTSTS) and handgrip tests, with weakness defined as the lowest and highest quintiles of age− and sex−stratified handgrip strength and FTSTS performance time, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between statin use and muscle pain and weakness. Secondary analyses explored the impact of different types of statins and their duration of use on the response variables.
Results.
A total of 2,156 participants (mean age 55.6 ± SD 8.9, 52.8% women) were included. We found no significant association between statin use and muscle problems. Secondary exploratory analysis on different types of statins revealed an association between atorvastatin and muscle weakness, as measured by the five-times-sit-to-stand test (OR 1.94 IC95% 1.12–3.37), but not by the handgrip test (OR 0.75 IC95% 0.29–1.42). No evidence was found to support a link between the duration of statin treatment and muscle problems.
Conclusions.
This study challenges previous claims of an efficacy-effectiveness gap between experimental and observational literature on statins, offering important insights into the widespread prescription of statins in diverse populations. The findings indicate that statin use does not contribute to muscular problems.
Development and Identity Crises: Exploring the role of Aanganwadi Centres (AWCs) in tribal areas
Authors: Roy Sonal Mobar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The government of India has taken various measures to fulfil the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by designing the interventions in each sector that seeks attention. Education and Health are two prominent sectors in which various programs like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan and Poshan Abhiyaan have made some progress, respectively. The Aanganwadi Centres (AWCs) in India have, therefore emerged as a main source of providing education and centre for nutrition to the children in rural areas, especially to those populations that come from the marginalised sections of the society. In this paper, the author highlights the role of AWCs from Warangal, Telangana, focussing on their role in providing education and nutrition amongst tribal populations of Koyas, Chenchus and Lambadas. It is argued that the medium of instruction is mainly English and Telugu and alien to the concerned children. Another point to be noted is about food served under the aegis of Poshan Abhiyaan program. It is not found to be in accordance with the taste and preference of the tribal populations. Therefore, the author focuses on the point of identity crisis that occurs amidst children who come to the AWCs but are unable to align with the interventions provided. Hence, the author suggests that these interventions can be more successful and find positive receptivity amongst the said communities if tribal languages and food preferences are taken in accord.
Effect of tool–workpiece interface temperature control on the weld quality of a bobbin-tool friction-stir-welded aluminum alloy
Authors: Hu Yehui , Wang Yuhan , Zhao Sheng , Ji Yulei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Temperature control is an effective approach to ensure the weld quality produced by friction stir welding (FSW). In this study, the temperature of the tool–workpiece interface was controlled by a predictive PI (PPI) control method during bobbin-tool friction stir welding (BT-FSW). When the interface temperature was constant, the temperature of the heat affected zone (HAZ) was recorded at different welding speeds. The influence of interface temperature control on the thermal cycle of the HAZ was analyzed. The influence of interface temperature control on the material flow behavior was discussed using a theoretical model. The results of tensile tests showed ​that the tensile properties were not affected by changes in the tool rotational speed caused by controlling the interface temperature. In addition, regardless of the welding speed, there were optimal welding interface temperatures that caused a weld to have the highest tensile strength or elongation. The weld with the highest tensile strength broke in the HAZ, while the weld with the lowest tensile strength broke on the advancing side in the weld nugget zone because of the tunnel defects in this area. The high interface temperature was the primary cause of these kinds of defects. The results of tensile tests indicated that interface temperature control can effectively ensure the weld quality.
MalText: Finding Malicious Account in Social Network using Novel Regulizer in Dynamic CNN
Authors: Wanda Putra , Diqi Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Online Social Networks (OSN) are well-known platforms for exchanging various information. However, one of the most critical OSN obstacles is malicious accounts. The attacker harnesses malicious accounts in the infected system to spread false information, such as malware, viruses, and harmful URLs. Based on the significant achievement of the CNN model in various fields, we propose a dynamic CNN using a novel regulizer to handle malicious account classification with user comments as features. Using the proposed regulizer, we obtain higher scores with a testing accuracy of 0.9948 and a testing loss of 0.0984 using unseen comment features. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can significantly improve the classifier's performance by producing high accuracy with minimal loss. Therefore, the proposed method can be a promising solution for analyzing large-scale user text datasets to classify malicious text in practical implementation.
Strengthen the Regulatory Policy of Subnational Debt in Mexico: A Comparison within Case Study approach
Authors: Smith Heidi Jane M. , Mares Gabriel Farfan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Do you need to have strong democracies (and rule of law) to create good fiscal policy? The academic literature highlights that fiscal rules are necessary but they become insufficient to manage subnational debt (Ter-Minassian 1997, Kornai, 1998, Alesina et al., 1999, Rodden 2004; Rodden 2006). There are several conditions of oversite which are also necessary to manage subnational debt before the fiscal rules can become effective. They consist of a combination of an independent banking system, institutional investors, various forms or types and ways to contract debt, a friendly regulatory environment, capital limits for banks, and bankruptcy laws for when things go array. These items outline the enabling environment necessary for capital markets and, in particular municipal bond markets, to succeed in developing countries. Additional conditions are debatable but are often helpful to include national independent auditing offices, congressional oversite, and autonomous debt management offices. This article uses a path dependency approach to explain how Mexico created its bond market as a case study for the necessary conditions to strengthen the regulatory policy of subnational debt.
Uniform rotundity in Orlicz function spaces equipped with s-norm
Authors: Guo Tianbao , Cui Yunan , Bi Hui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The criteria for rotundity and uniform rotundity of Orlicz function spaces equipped with s-norm are given. The obtained results unify, complete and widen the characterization of rotundity and uniform rotundity of Orlicz spaces.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 39B82 . 44B20 . 46C05
Emu Oil and Zinc Monoglycerolate Influence the Course of Disease in a Rat Model of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Mashtoub Suzanne , Howarth Gordon S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background. Ulcerative colitis is characterized by colonic inflammation. Previously, Emu Oil protected the intestine against experimentally-induced inflammatory intestinal disorders. Zinc monoglycerolate (ZMG) polymer, formed by heating zinc oxide with glycerol, demonstrated anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.
Objective. We aimed to determine whether ZMG, alone or in combination with Emu Oil, could reduce acute colitis severity in rats.
Methods. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=8/group) were orally-administered either vehicle, ZMG, Emu Oil (EO) or ZMG combined with EO (ZMG/EO) daily. Rats were provided ad libitum access to drinking water (Groups 1-4) or dextran sulphate sodium (DSS; 2%w/v; Groups 5-8) throughout the trial (days 0-5) before euthanasia on day 6. Disease activity index, crypt depth, degranulated mast cells (DMCs) and myeloperoxidase activity were assessed. p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results. DSS increased disease severity (days 3-6) compared to normal controls (p<0.05). Importantly, in DSS-administered rats, ZMG reduced disease activity index (day 6) compared to controls and EO-treated rats (p<0.05). Following DSS consumption, distal colonic crypts lengthened (p<0.01), occurring to a greater extent with EO compared to ZMG and ZMG/EO (p<0.001). DSS increased colonic DMCs compared to normal controls (p<0.001); an effect decreased only by EO (p<0.05). Colonic myeloperoxidase activity increased following DSS consumption (p<0.05); notably, ZMG, EO and ZMG/EO treatments decreased myeloperoxidase activity compared to DSS controls (p<0.001). EO, ZMG and ZMG/EO did not impact any parameter in normal animals.
Conclusions. Emu Oil and ZMG independently decreased selected indicators of colitic disease severity in rats; however, the combination did not reveal any additional benefit.
Dynamics of capillary effects in spin conversion of water isomers
Authors: Kernbach Serge , Pershin Sergey 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This work explores the dynamics of capillary effects in pure H2O excited by hydrodynamic cavitation, which has been reported to introduce a non-equilibrium state of para- and ortho- isomers of water. Differential measurements are conducted with 0.3mm and 0.5mm capillary tubes and precision digital vernier height gauges. Water samples are degassed at -0.09 MPa, their temperature is equalized. Since the non-equilibrium state of isomers is expected to exist in ice-like building blocks near the water interfaces, the immersion depth of capillary tubes was set to 10mm, 2mm and about 0.1mm below the surface. The measurement results show the difference in surface tension of 6.7%-11.3% with a maximum value of about 15.7% between control and experimental samples. These effects in near-surface layers are observed within 30-60 minutes after the excitation. Experimental samples taken from the surface demonstrate movement about 2 times longer than control ones; their values are largest in the whole series of experiments. Micro-manipulation tool recorded an interesting effect of stopping the liquid in capillary tubes, observed mostly in experimental samples, where the meniscus and surface tension oscillated at 0.05-0.1mm level. The described approach has two main applications. First, the measurement system can be used as the fast and cost effective detector of spin-based phenomena that affect viscosity and surface tension. Second, since the capillary effects plays an important role in aquaporin channels and plant water transportation system, these techniques can be applied in phytosensing, in particular, in sap flow measurements, and in a hydroponic production.
Relevance of genetic and active ingredient content differences in Leonurus japonicus Houtt from different origins
Authors: Han Ying , Wen Jiawei , Chen Chao , Zhang Tingting , Feng Wanqing , Zhao Ziwei , He Yang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Labiatae), a perennial herb, is used to treat cardiovascular, uterine, and gynecological diseases. In the present study, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the ITS + psbA-trnH + rbcL + rpoB concatenation sequence, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed based on high-performance liquid chromatography. The phylogenetic tree and PLS-DA were combined to correlate genetic and chemical differences among L. japonicus derived from different origins. The results showed that the concatenation sequence could distinguish among L. japonicus from different origins. Moreover, chemical analysis revealed intergroup differences, but the results were not of sufficiently high quality as that of molecular phylogeny. Furthermore, the results of combined chemical and phylogenetic analyses suggested that differences in metabolites are influenced by not only genetic differences but also environmental factors. These results provide valuable information for the artificial cultivation of L. japonicus and new ideas for improving its quality.