bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle interventions in comorbid mental and physical illness: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Lord Sandy , Naidoo Vaneshveri , Mostert Karien 
Published: May 2023

Background: Patients with mental health disorders (MHDs) often present with chronic illness and complain of pain and poor physical health. They present with a high burden of disease and poor quality of life. Significant associations between MHDs and chronic illness have been found. Lifestyle interventions are cost-effective strategies, which seem to be effective in managing comorbid mental and physical health disorders. Therefore, a summary of the evidence and clinical practice guidelines is needed in South Africa.Objectives: Our study will aim to determine the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on health-related quality of life, in patients with comorbid mental and physical health disorders.Method: The systematic review will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), LiLACS, Scopus, Physiotherapy Evidence Data Base (PEDro) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be searched. A three-step search strategy will identify published literature in all languages from 2011 to 2022. Critical appraisal of all included studies will be performed, and the relevant data will then be extracted. Where possible, data will be pooled in a statistical meta-analysis.Results: The results will provide the best available evidence regarding lifestyle interventions in the management of patients with comorbid mental and physical health disorders.Conclusion: Our review will provide evidence on the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in the management of patients with comorbid mental and physical health disorders.Clinical implications: The results may assist in determining the best use of lifestyle interventions in the management of patients with MHDs and comorbidities.
A cross-sectional study to explore the association of peer pressure with Internet gaming
Authors: Donthu Raj Kiran , Mohammed Abdul Salaam , Pasam Ravi Sankar , Manchirevula Shivani 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
Gaming is a new phenomenon and there are increasing concerns over its negative impact. After the official recognition by diagnostic and statistical manual-5 and International Classification of Disorder-11, much of the research is directed toward understanding the different constructs of the gambling disorder. Peer influence is an established factor in substance use but less researched in gaming.

Aims of the Study:
The aim of this study is to explore and understand the influence of peer pressure on Internet gaming.

Materials and Methods:
Individuals between 15 and 35 years were asked to participate after explaining the study objectives and assessed on the Peer Pressure Scale and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) Scale. Responses were analyzed using the R language with R studio as the integrated development environment. Generalized additive model was used to identify the best-fit model. The Akaike information criterion was used to select the best model.

Results:
Battle Ground Mobile India is the most played game. Peer pressure alone accounts for 46.2% of the variability in Internet gaming and along with factors such as student; real friends; strategy games; online mode of playing, night time playing; and hours spent playing, increasing it to 56%. Peer pressure is positively correlated with IGD (P < 0.001, R = 0.65).

Conclusions:
Peer pressure is directly associated and plays a role in developing Internet gaming along with factors such as being a student; playing with real friends; strategy game genre; online mode of playing games; and nightly playing. Substance use such as tobacco may influence peer pressure and Internet gaming, acting as a co-factor for both.
Addressing Violence against Doctors
Authors: Chaudhuri Aditi , Chacko Thomas V. 
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim:
Lack of formal training and assessment in communication skills in India combined with suboptimal doctor-patient ratio leave them with little time, and therefore, patients dissatisfied with doctor's therapeutic communication and often lead to violence against doctors. There is thus an urgent need for health-care providers and their trainers to be formally and systematically trained and assessed.

Materials and Methods:
Descriptive study (describing the process of training module development using ADDIE Framework) and an educational intervention study (using the Kirkpatrick model for measuring effectiveness of the training). Module's contents were identified through the literature search followed by content, context, and construct validation by communication and subject experts. Modular 8 hour training was implemented for 50 participants in two batches on two different days.

Results:
In the immediate postintervention feedback, all participants agreed that the training will be beneficial to them in real life and they expressed confidence in teaching communication skills to their students, particularly in breaking bad news and resolving doctor-patient conflicts in the real life. Effectiveness of intervention is reflected by gain in knowledge scores from 6.84 (at pretraining) to 10.76 (immediate posttraining) and sustained at 10.8 (at 3 months posttraining). The impact of the training on their communication skills is also demonstrated by the skill scores showing incremental increase from 12.4 (at pretraining) to 19.16 (immediate posttraining) and then 21.8 (at 3 months posttraining) which is statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The training was effective, accepted well by trainees and has been institutionalised.
Study of diagnostic role of GeneXpert test in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at El-Mahalla Chest Hospital
Authors: Abd El Aaty Hisham E.S. , El-Hefnawy Maha Y. , Khalaf Fatma S. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious health problem in middle-income and low-income countries and needs rapid diagnosis and treatment. Xpert MTB/RIF assay provides early results by simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance.

Aim
To evaluate the performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF technique in diagnosing patients with pulmonary TB at El-Mahalla Chest Hospital, Egypt.

Patients and methods
Data of pulmonary TB were retrospectively analyzed between February 2017 and February 2018 from patient files and included laboratory results regarding Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy, GeneXpert assay, and culture. Patients were divided into group I, having confirmed TB, where MTB was detected, and group II, having unconfirmed and unlikely TB, where MTB was not detected.

Results
A total of 150 patients were recruited. Overall, 80% were males, and the median age was 45.2±15.1 years. Positivity of ZN smear for TB bacilli was 61.1%, positivity of GeneXpert MTB was 65.9%, and culture positivity was 67.3%. GeneXpert sensitivity and negative predictive value were 96 and 96%, respectively, and were found to be higher when compared with ZN smear with 89 and 90%, respectively. Specificity of both techniques was 100%. Previous history of TB was an independent predictor for GeneXpert positivity, whereas both previous history of TB and positive sputum smear were independent predictors of RIF resistance.

Conclusion
GeneXpert has a higher diagnostic value compared with ZN smear, providing a faster diagnosis for pulmonary TB than culture, and it can detect RIF resistance.
Eosinophilic cationic protein as a marker for detection of acute exacerbations of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Osman Osama , El Zohne Randa A. , Magdy Doaa M. , Elminshawy Alaa A. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Eosinophilic inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) could be a diagnostic marker for diagnosis of AECOPD.

Patients and methods
A total of 84 individuals were enrolled in this study: 32 patients with AECOPD, 32 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 20 healthy controls. Serum levels of ECP were collected and measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
The mean concentrations of serum ECP in patients with AECOPD were significantly higher compared with stable COPD and the control group (P<0.05). At cutoff of more than 13.41 ng/ml, ECP exhibited the best performance: 82.2% sensitivity, 93% specificity, 92.5% positive predictive value, and 72.4% negative predictive value, with a diagnostic accuracy of 86%.

Conclusion
Serum ECP is a useful diagnostic marker to evaluate the inflammatory reaction in COPD exacerbations.
Role of chest ultrasound in diaphragmatic assessment among stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients before and after pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Abbas Ahmad , Semary Esraa , Fawzy Amany , Awad Mohammed 
Published: May 2023

Background
The cornerstone of nonpharmacological treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is pulmonary rehabilitation, not only for enhancement of exercise performance but also for improvement of quality of life. However, the responses to rehabilitation varied among individuals.

Aim
To evaluate the role of chest ultrasound in the assessment of the diaphragm among patients with stable COPD before and after pulmonary rehabilitation.

Patients and methods
Spirometric pulmonary functions, sonographic assessment of diaphragmatic thickness and excursion, and 6-min walking test were done before and after rehabilitation. Based on a decrease in Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), the patients were classified into failed and successful groups.

Results
The prevalence of successful rehabilitation was 71.1%, which was significantly higher in mild and moderate COPD cases. Pulmonary rehabilitation reported a significant improvement of dyspnea scale by 35%, SGRQ by 10%, 6 min walk distance by 9%, and pulmonary functions by up to 2%. There was a significant improvement in diaphragmatic excursion and thickness after rehabilitation by 5 and 13%, respectively. Percentage change of both diaphragmatic excursion (DE) and diaphragmatic thickness (DT) showed significant capability in predicting successful rehabilitation; the area under the curve was 87 and 92%, respectively. The cutoff points of percentage change in DE and DT were 24 and 10%, respectively, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predicative value, and negative predicative value of 95, 85, 58, and 99%, respectively, for DE and 94, 81, 52, and 98%, respectively, for DT.

Conclusions
The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation was significant regarding pulmonary functions, exercise, and diaphragmatic performance. The use of ultrasound in detecting changes of DT and DE after rehabilitation was excellent, which correlated significantly either positively with pulmonary function and 6 min walk distance changes or negatively with changes in SGRQ.
Ethanolamine oleate as a sclerosant in bronchoscopic treatment of pulmonary emphysema
Authors: Rezk Nasef Abd El-Salam , El-hadidy Tamer , Radi Ahmed A. , Abdelwahab Heba W. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Loss of elastic recoil in pulmonary emphysema can be corrected by lung volume reduction through decreasing the volume of the most destroyed lung segments (dead space), which allow the remaining (less destroyed lung tissues) to regain its size. This article was planned to study the effectiveness and safety of ethanolamine oleate as a sclerosant in bronchoscopic lung volume reduction in patients with pulmonary emphysema.

Patients and methods
A total of 19 patients with pulmonary emphysema (age >40 years old) were included. Clinical evaluation, routine laboratory investigations, and bronchoscopic ethanolamine oleate instillation using fiberoptic video bronchoscopy were done. Outcome assessment measures were reviewed before bronchoscopic instillation of ethanolamine oleate and 4 weeks later using Modified Medical Research Council, 6-min walk distance, and pulmonary function tests such as a high-resolution computed tomography.

Results
Although there was a statistically significant improvement of Modified Medical Research Council scale after 1 month of bronchoscopic ethanolamine instillation, this value failed to meet the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) criteria. Moreover, forced expiratory volume in the 1 s improvement failed to meet the MCID criteria. Regarding 6-min walk distance, there was a statistically significant improvement that met the MCID criteria. There was a statistically significant and clinical improvement of high-resolution computed tomography volumetric quantification of emphysema. Approximately 31.5% of patients had no complications.

Conclusion
This study showed statistical improvement in exercise tolerance and pulmonary function tests in patients with pulmonary emphysema after bronchoscopic instillation of ethanolamine oleate. However, clinical improvement was detected only in exercise tolerance.
Prevalence and Predictors of Internet Addiction among Eastern Indian Undergraduate General College Students
Authors: Dey Surya Prakash , Saha Rajib , Saha Indrajit 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Internet addiction (IA) has emerged as a potential problem in young people, which refers to excessive Internet use that interferes with their daily life as well as having significant health impacts.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence and the predictors of IA among general degree college students of Bankura municipal area.

Materials and Methods:
This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to December 2019 at Bankura town among 216 undergraduate general degree college students who were regular Internet users (at least once in a week for the last 3 months). The study population was selected through simple random sampling method, and data were collected by a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire comprising Young's IA Test Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. To ascertain the predictor (s), variables which were found statistically significant in bivariate analysis, were considered for multivariate logistic regression.

Results:
The overall prevalence of IA among college students was 65%. Screen-related health impacts such as eyestrain, musculoskeletal problem, and insomnia were found significantly higher among Internet-addicted students. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that moderately and severely depressed college students are 6 times more prone to develop the IA, whereas it is 4 times higher in those who are in relationship.

Conclusions:
Although Internet technology is considered the most effective tool and one is compelled to use it for various purposes, every individual should be able to recognize the point where the Internet starts to overrule one's life and further hinders other activities of daily living.
Community-based Psychosocial Intervention for Persons with Severe Mental Illness in Rural Kerala
Authors: Pallikkuth Rekha , Kumar T. Manoj , Manickam L. S. Sam , Cherian Anish V. , Bunders-Aelen Joske F. G. , Regeer Barbara J 
Published: May 2023

Background:
High-quality mental health care is scarce in rural India. The Mental Health Action Trust a Nongovernmental Organization based in Kozhikode, South India, has been providing free mental health services to the economically disadvantaged people in the surrounding districts. Comprehensive multidisciplinary care is provided through existing health-care clinics through training of lay mental health workers (LMHW). The current paper evaluates the classroom training methods employed to educate the LMHW.

Materials and Methods:
The training module designed after coordination and need assessment was delivered through classroom training sessions by trained trainers over 2 months weekly 6 h and completed by 13 volunteer LMHW (5 males and 8 females and who were in the age range of 22–56 years) could complete all the modules of training. The evaluation of training was done quantitatively and qualitatively.

Results:
The LMHW's knowledge, attitudes, perceived interpersonal skills, and confidence levels demonstrated a noticeable change following the classroom training program.

Conclusion:
It is feasible to train LMHWs to deliver psychosocial interventions for people with severe mental disorders and their families in rural India. In addition to classroom training, case-based training and proper ongoing supervision are required to improve their skills, attitudes, and knowledge.
Stress, Sources of Stress and Coping During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Fenn Jessy , Chacko Noble , Thomas Tony , Varghese Varghese K. , George Sanju 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Pandemics such as COVID-19 (with or without lockdown) can cause considerable stress to individuals, testing their coping resources. To contain the pandemic, there was a nationwide lockdown in India from March 25, 2020, severely limiting movement of the 1.3 billion population till the first relaxation came on April 21. This study was done in the 3rd week of April, just before relaxations were announced, to study the perceived stress, sources of stress, and coping strategies of adults during this core lockdown period in Kerala, India.

Materials and Methods:
We gathered data from 1073 adults using sociodemographic information, perceived stress scale, sources of stress checklist, and COVID-19 coping strategies scale. Correlation analyses, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were employed for data analyses.

Results:
65.7% of respondents scored high on the stress scale with 8.3% experiencing severe stress and 57.4% reporting moderate stress. Stress was negatively correlated with age, education level and income. Anxiety about the impact of the pandemic on the world and their own personal future were the main sources of stress. This was followed by financial worries, stress due to frustration of limited movement, and fear about contracting COVID. The five most common coping strategies used were increased hygiene, social distancing, increasing awareness about the disease, increased communication with family, and distraction through movies and books. Conclusion: During the core lock down period in April 2020 in India, there was high levels of stress among the people primarily due to the worry about the future impact of the pandemic as well due to the restrictions imposed.
Mental Hospitals and Historical Trauma
Authors: Pinto Sarah Ann 
Published: May 2023

Background:
India is facing a mental health crisis but to change community stigma, we need to address historical trauma. This article discusses the issue of community stigma toward mental health care in India. Objective: The research aimed to trace the roots of community stigma toward mental health care facilities.

Method:
This study primarily used the archival method of data collection in constructing its narrative. Primary sources including colonial records, some vernacular newspapers, and a few Indian sources were analysed. The Maharashtra State Archives and the National Archives of India, New Delhi, served as the main repository of primary sources. Additionally, India Office Records at the British Library, London, provided further evidence for this research. Digitized copies of Annual Asylum Reports made available by the National Library of Scotland added to the evidence. The study also involved fieldwork at the Thana, Yerawada, and Ratnagiri mental hospitals in 2014.

Results:
Community stigma to the use of mental health care facilities is a historical problem. The establishment of lunatic asylums in India (as they were referred to in the 19th century, the nomenclature changed in 1921 to the term mental hospitals) caused disruption to local communities and families and left a legacy of trauma and fear.

Conclusions:
Acknowledging the trauma will disrupt patterns of coercion and cultures of abuse within mental health institutions and it will enable new narratives in mental health care.
Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Resilience among the Primary Survivors of Natural Disaster
Authors: Rahana S. R. , Sam Juby Merin , Udhayakumar P. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Kerala, the southernmost state in India experienced the worst flood in its history, in August 2018. The disaster led its survivors to psychological trauma, along with several other impacts.

Aims:
The present study assessed the mental health status and level of resilience among the primary survivors in the postdisaster phase of Kerala flood, and the possible interlinkage of demographic factors with the study variables.

Materials and Methods:
The study has done on a sample of 50 primary survivors of flood selected using a purposive sampling method. Two rating scales-Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and brief resilience scale-were used for collecting data, along with a sociodemographic information sheet prepared by the researcher, which was administered in a face to face interview with the participants. IBM SPSS software (version 21) was used for data analysis and statistical tests such as t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation tests were used to interpret the data.

Results:
Results revealed the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among the survivors in the postdisaster phase. Statistically significant difference was found in depression and stress scores in terms of education, where survivors with higher education showed lower stress and depression. Results also showed a comorbidity of depression, anxiety, and stress and a negative correlation between resilience and stress scores.

Conclusions:
The disaster had a significant impact on the survivors' mental health and need medical interventions to address it. The educational status and resilience level of the survivors are important determinants of postdisaster mental health.
Prevalence of Various Domains of Sexual Dysfunction in Young Alcohol Dependent Males
Authors: Yadav Bhupendra , Dhillon Harpreet Singh , Kumar Ravish , Dhillon Gurpreet Kaur , Sasidharan Shibu 
Published: May 2023

Background
: The available research on alcohol-induced sexual dysfunction has mainly deliberated on erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Other major domains of sexual dysfunctions (viz., sexual pleasure, sexual desire, arousal, orgasmic function, and intercourse satisfaction) were rarely taken into consideration. This study was undertaken with the aim to boost an interest and understanding in this area and to reduce the morbidity associated with alcohol-induced sexual dysfunction.

Materials and Methodology:
The study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive design and recruited 78 male patients admitted for de-addiction. The assessment was conducted using a specially designed intake pro forma and psychometrically strong and validated tools such as Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire-Male Clinical version (CSFQ-MC), International Index of Erectile Function scale, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -5, and International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, diagnostic criteria for research.

Results
: The various domains of sexual dysfunction as per CSFQ revealed decreased sexual pleasure (71.8%) as the most common sexual dysfunction followed by low sexual desire (in terms of frequency) in 61.5%. Sexual desire (in terms of interest) was low in 55.1%. Sexual arousal/excitement was low in 59%. Sexual orgasm/completion scores were low in 48.7% alcohol-dependent male patients. Erectile dysfunction was found in 43.6% of alcohol-dependent male patients.

Conclusion:
The most common sexual dysfunction reported in the current study was decreased sexual pleasure (71.8%) followed by low sexual desire 61.5% (in terms of frequency). These findings emphasize the fact, that alcohol significantly compromises almost all domains of sexual functioning in addition to erectile dysfunction. Further, this information can be used in motivational counseling of heavy drinkers (especially adolescents and young adults) to provide motivation for change.