bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leptogorgia sarmentosa (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) in NE Sardinia (Mediterranean Sea): distribution and growth patterns
Authors: Canessa Martina , Bavestrello Giorgio , Trainito Egidio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDistribution and occurrence data of the sea fan Leptogorgia sarmentosa (Esper, 1791) in the Mediterranean Sea were updated thanks to new photographic surveys, highlighting the presence of the species off NE Sardinia and, in particular, in the Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo Marine Protected Area (TPCCMPA). The estimated average distance among colonies strongly suggests that they are not able to sexually reproduce and that they probably can be considered a sterile pseudo-population supported by inputs of larvae from the Italian mainland coast towards Sardinia. The putative conveyor belt for larval input to this area is a small permanent gyre (the North-Tyrrhenian Gyre) counterclockwise moving from the Italian to the Sardinian coasts. In TPCCMPA, the growth of one colony settled at 30 m depth was investigated across 7 years (2016–2022). The morphometric parameters indicated a linear development of the colony, in terms of branch development and 3D complexity estimated through the fractal dimension. The observed growth rates were not regular but were reached through a highly variable positive and negative oscillation. A significant correlation was obtained between growth rate and average Autumn and Winter water temperature, suggesting that somatic growth occurs in these periods. In the context of long-lasting elevated seawater temperatures and local damage linked to fishing activities, L. sarmentosa was confirmed to be a resilient species compared with other erect seascape components, like other gorgonians and sponges.
‘Two-faces’ of hyaluronan, a dynamic barometer of disease progression in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Li , Wang Li , Lu Lu , Li Ying , Huang Guolin , Song Jinjing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) is a linear polysaccharide consisting of disaccharide units which are thed-glucuronic acid andn-acetyl-d-glucosamine. As the largest component of the extracellular matrix in microenvironment, HA polymers with different molecular weights vary in properties to molecular biology function. High molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) is mainly found in normal tissue or physiological condition, and exhibits lubrication and protection properties due to its good water retention and viscoelasticity. On the other hand, an increase in HA catabolism leads to the accumulation of low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA) under pathological circumstances such as inflammation, pre-cancerous and tumor microenvironment. LMW-HA acts as extracellular signals to enhance tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype, such as energy reprogramming, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. This review discusses the basic properties of this simplest carbohydrate molecule in ECM with enormous potential, and its regulatory role between tumorigenesis and microenvironmental homeostasis. The extensive discoveries of the mechanisms underlying the roles of HA in various physiological and pathological processes would provide more information for future research in the fields of biomimetic materials, pharmaceutical and clinical applications.
Additive manufacturing for the automotive industry: on the life-cycle environmental implications of material substitution and lightweighting through re-design
Authors: Priarone Paolo C. , Catalano Angioletta R. , Settineri Luca 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe automotive sector has recently been taking measures to reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for the mobility of ground vehicles. Light-weighting, via material substitution, and the re-designing of components or even a combination of the two, have been identified as a crucial solution. Additive manufacturing (AM) can be used to technologically complement or even replace conventional manufacturing in several industrial fields. The enabling of complexity-for-free (re) designs is inherent in additive manufacturing. It is expected that certain benefits can be achieved from the adoption of re-design techniques, via AM, that rely on topological optimisation, e.g., a reduced use of resources in both the material production and use phases. However, the consequent higher specific energy consumption and the higher embodied impact of feedstock materials could result in unsustainable environmental costs. This paper investigates the case of the light-weighting of an automobile component to quantify the outcomes of the systematic integration of re-designing and material substitution. A bracket, originally cast in iron, has been manufactured by means of a powder bed-based AM technique in AlSi10Mg through an optimized topology. Both manufacturing routes have been evaluated through a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) within cradle-to-grave boundaries. A 69%-lightweighting has been achieved, and the carbon dioxide emissions and energy demands of both scenarios have been compared. Besides the use-phase-related savings in terms of both energy and carbon footprint due to the lightweighting, the results highlight the environmental trade-offs and prompt the consideration of such a manufacturing process as an integral part of sustainable product development.
Measuring the effect of collaborative filtering on the diversity of users’ attention
Authors: Godinot Augustin , Tarissan Fabien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile the ever-increasing emergence of online services has led to a growing interest in the development of recommender systems, the algorithms underpinning such systems have begun to be criticized for their role in limiting the variety of content exposed to users. In this context, the notion of diversity has been proposed as a way of mitigating the side effects resulting from the specialization of recommender systems. In this paper, using a well-known recommender system that makes use of collaborative filtering in the context of musical content, we analyze the diversity of recommendations generated through the lens of the recently proposed information network diversity measure. The results of our study offer significant insights into the effect of algorithmic recommendations. On the one hand, we show that the musical selections of a large proportion of users are diversified as a result of the recommendations. On the other hand, however, such improvements do not benefit all users. They are in fact mainly restricted to users with a low level of activity or whose past musical listening selections are very narrow. Through more in-depth investigations, we also discovered that while recommendations generally increase the variety of the songs recommended to users, they nonetheless fail to provide a balanced exposure to the different related categories.
A numerical study on effect of underground cavities on seismic ground response due to Rayleigh wave propagation
Authors: Alielahi Hamid , Nadernia Zia addin , Entezari Mohsen Mahmoudzadeh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent studies found that some structural damage can be attributed to the effect of surface waves. A shallow underground structure may be heavily influenced by surface waves, which makes to lose energy over distance more slowly than body waves. This study deals with evaluating the effect of Rayleigh waves (R-waves) interaction with underground cavities on the seismic ground response and amplification pattern using the Finite Element Method (FEM). First, the FEM model was verified to ensure its accuracy. Then, the influences of the effective parameters, such as cavity burial depth, distance from the cavity axis, and dimensionless incident frequency were investigated. Parametric studies revealed that the amplitude of ground motion is greater in the presence of a cavity with respect to that in the free-field condition. It was indicated that shallow cavities cause more amplification than cases with a larger depth ratio. By moving away from the wave source, the response of receiver points has a declining trend. Due to the complex interaction of R-waves with a cavity, the right side of the cavity has less amplitude than the left side. Finally, by increasing the dimensionless incident frequency, the distribution of the surface displacements and wave diffraction patterns gradually becomes more complicated while the peak displacement components decrease. Consequently, in light of the importance of the R-wave interaction with subsurface spaces, the findings of this study can help improve seismic design procedures and seismic microzonation guidelines.
Fragmented Transparency: The Visibility of Agency Science in European Union Risk Regulation
Authors: de Boer Alie , Morvillo Marta , Röttger-Wirtz Sabrina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResponding to mistrust in the European agencies’ risk assessments in politically salient cases, the European Union (EU) legislator, the European Food Safety Authority and the European Medicines Agency alike have accelerated their efforts to foster EU regulatory science transparency. These simultaneous endeavours have, however, taken place in a fragmented legislative and administrative context, with each agency operating under a different legal framework. By focusing on authorisation procedures, from registration of studies to authorisation of novel foods, pesticides and human medicines, this article examines the resulting regimes governing the disclosure of scientific data by EU agencies to identify common trends and sectoral specificities. Against the background of an overall shift towards enhanced transparency, we shed light on, first, the circulation of institutional arrangements and practices among agencies and, second, the new dimensions of transparency emerging from these developments. We also highlight the remaining sectoral differences and argue that they could have potentially large impacts on the amount and type of information disclosed and on the level of transparency perceived by stakeholders and citizens. We argue that more coherence across the sectoral transparency regimes is needed, in particular in light of the agencies’ contested legitimacy and of their increasing cooperation on cross-cutting issues like antimicrobial resistance and medicine and pesticide residues in food.
High temporal contrast 1053 nm laser source based on optical parametric amplification and second-harmonic generation
Authors: Shen Liya , Li Yanyan , Li Wenkai , Song Jiajun , Qian Junyu , Sun Jianyu , Feng Renyu , Peng Yujie , Leng Yuxin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Temporal contrast directly affects the interaction between ultraintense and ultrashort pulse lasers with matter. Seed laser sources with broad bandwidth and high temporal contrast are significant for overall temporal contrast enhancement. The technique of cascaded nonlinear processes with optical parametric amplification and second-harmonic generation is demonstrated for high temporal contrast seed source generation. Within 40 ps before the main pulse, the temporal contrast reaches over 1011. The pulse energy and duration of the high-contrast pulse are 112 μJ and 70 fs, respectively. Considering its high beam quality and stability, this laser source can serve as a high-quality seed for Nd:glass-based ultraintense and ultrashort pulse laser facilities.
As Seen from Bombay: An Iranian Zoroastrian Photo Album from the 1930s
Authors: Marashi Afshin , Patel Dinyar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis photo essay provides a visual archive of Parsi philanthropic efforts toward the Iranian Zoroastrian communities of Yazd, Kerman, and Tehran during the 1930s. The essay reproduces a collection of photographs from a photo album produced by the Iranian Zoroastrian Anjoman (est. 1918) for the benefit of Parsi audiences in Bombay. These photographs were taken and compiled by administrators of the Parsi-funded charities in order to demonstrate to Bombay-based Parsi benefactors how their charity efforts were being used inside Iran. The essay also discusses the importance of including visual archival material as part of the social and cultural history of modern Iran, as well as the unique sets of challenges that such archival preservation represents.
High-resolution magnetochronology detects multiple stages of Pleistocene tectonic uplift and deformation in the Po Plain of northern Italy
Authors: Perini Serena , Muttoni Giovanni , Livio Franz , Zucali Michele , Michetti Alessandro M. , Zerboni Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe developed a high-resolution magnetochronology of the Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Monte Netto hillock, a tectonically uplifted structure in the Po Plain of northern Italy. Our data allowed reconstructing the depositional age of the sequence and assessing rates of deformation and rock uplift of the neotectonic structure, thus providing constraints on the tectono-sedimentary evolution of this seismically active part of the buried Southern Alps. Using a combination of magnetostratigraphy and paleosecular variation analysis, we generated an age-depth model for the Monte Netto stratigraphy that encompasses, from the top, Upper Pleistocene (11–72 ka) loess-paleosols overlaying fluvial sediments spanning the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary (773 ka) and the top of the Jaramillo (990 ka). The identification of the same magneto-chronostratigraphic surfaces in nearby drill cores from regions of the Po Plain that have not been affected by neotectonic deformation allowed estimating a mean rate of tectonic uplift of the hillock relative to the neighboring plain of 11.3 ± 1.5 cm/ka, and an absolute uplift relative to sea level of ~19.3 cm/ka. Finally, our paleomagnetic analyses from the uppermost loess sequence disclosed the complexity of the tectonic evolution of the Monte Netto structure, which shows evidence of a two-phase rotational deformation linked to coseismic surface faulting due to recent seismic activity.
The transnational historiography of a dynastic transition: Writing the Ming-Qing transition in seventeenth-century China, Korea, and Japan
Authors: Tham Chui–Joe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Ming-Qing transition (1618–1683), a dynastic upheaval that not only consumed much of China, but also saw the Qing invasion of Joseon Korea and an influx of refugees into Tokugawa Japan, was a source of inspiration for writers across East Asia. Unofficial, contemporary histories written by Ming and early Qing subjects made their way by land and sea to Korea and Japan, where they were either adapted for domestic audiences or used as the basis for new unofficial histories of the dynastic transition.This article makes the argument that unofficial, contemporary history-writing about the Ming-Qing transition in China, Korea, and Japan was part of a regional trend towards an intellectual culture of contemporaneity. While scholars have focused on the transition and its impact upon notions of cultural centrality, it should be emphasized that these notions emerged alongside developments encouraging the production and circulation of contemporary, cross-cultural knowledge and information. In other words, the flourishing of print, diversification of reading audiences, and evolution of new modes of knowledge-production and transmission formed a background against which demand increased for updated information about a shared world. Participation as producers (writers and editors) and consumers (readers) in this seventeenth-century culture of contemporaneity was restricted by language, schooling, and economic standing. Nonetheless, a transnational history perspective will show that the unofficial, multi-vocal, and multilingual historiography of the Ming-Qing transition encourages a re-evaluation of not only the intellectual history of East Asia, but also the history of the transition.
An Eastern hero: Biographies of Muhammad in imperial Japan
Authors: Koyagi Mikiya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile participating in the discourse of world religions, Japanese biographers published accounts of Muhammad’s life in many genres of academic and popular books during the Meiji and Taisho eras (1868–1926). This article unravels how these biographical accounts played a crucial role in facilitating a geographical imaginary of Asia/the East which incorporated both Japan and West Asia. Situated in a radically different context from the Victorian biographers who inspired them, Japanese biographers constantly compared Muhammad to historical figures familiar to them, most notably Buddha and Nichiren, and reinterpreted the life of Muhammad, relying exclusively on European-language sources. In particular, in contrast to another strand of pan-Asianism that stressed peacefulness as an inherent quality of the East, the biographers identified Muhammad’s perceived militancy and the miracles he performed as signs of the values shared by Japan and Islamic civilization. Using the person of Muhammad as a concrete piece of evidence, Japanese biographers reimagined an Eastern civilizational space that could stretch from Tokyo to Mecca.
How does having a good ear promote successful second language speech acquisition in adulthood? Introducing Auditory Precision Hypothesis-L2
Authors: Saito Kazuya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I first provide a brief review of how scholars have conceptualized, tested, and elaborated aptitude frameworks relevant to second language (L2) speech learning. Subsequently, I introduce an emerging paradigm that assigns a fundamental role to domain-general auditory processing (i.e., having a good ear) in L1 speech acquisition and proposes that the same faculty acts as a cornerstone of L2 speech learning (i.e., the Auditory Precision Hypothesis-L2). This hypothesis predicts that learners with more precise auditory processing ability will be able to make the most of every input opportunity, which will result in more advanced L2 speech proficiency. To close, I will provide suggestions on how scholars can assess L2 students’ auditory processing ability (e.g., our team's offline test deposited at L2 Speech Tools for Researchers & Teachers [http://sla-speech-tools.com/]) and discuss how the results can be used to maximize learners’ L2 speech learning opportunities via optimal, profile-matched training programs (e.g., explicit vs. incidental training; naturalistic vs. classroom learning; phonetic vs. auditory training).
Weighted synchronous automata
Authors: Gomes Leandro , Madeira Alexandre , Barbosa Luis Soares 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a class of automata and associated languages, suitable to model a computational paradigm of fuzzy systems, in which both vagueness and simultaneity are taken as first-class citizens. This requires a weighted semantics for transitions and a precise notion of a synchronous product to enforce the simultaneous occurrence of actions. The usual relationships between automata and languages are revisited in this setting, including a specific Kleene theorem.
Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide Are Compatible with Palliative Care and Are Not Rendered Redundant by It
Authors: Riisfeldt Thomas D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is often argued by health professionals working within the field of palliative care that palliative care and euthanasia/assisted suicide are incompatible. Across the literature, this claim is grounded on the three claims that (1) palliative care and euthanasia/assisted suicide have different aims, (2) euthanasia/assisted suicide is at odds with the doctor’s fundamental role as a healer, and (3) euthanasia/assisted suicide constitutes patient abandonment. Furthermore, even if palliative care and euthanasia/assisted suicide are compatible, it is often argued that the availability of palliative care renders euthanasia/assisted suicide redundant. This depends on two claims that (1) palliative care is always available and effective, and (2) palliative care is always preferable to euthanasia/assisted suicide. This article argues that all of these claims are false, ultimately aiming to establish that palliative care and euthanasia/assisted suicide are complementary rather than mutually exclusive.
Slope‐Break Collisions: Comment on “Insight Into Granular Flow Dynamics Relying on Basal Stress Measurements: From Experimental Flume Tests” by K. Li et al.
Authors: Cagnoli B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNumerical simulations show that the positive correlation observed in laboratory experiments by Li et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jb022905) between an increase of grain size and particle agitation, on the one hand, and an increase of granular flow mobility, on the other hand, is not a valid cause‐and‐effect relationship. In other words, their mobility differential is not caused by a different energy dissipation rate that results from a different grain size content. Instead, the flows stop because of a head‐on collision with the horizontal flume at the bottom of a steep 40° incline. Essentially, the slope‐break jams the granular movement. Indeed, a combination of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations demonstrated that the mobility of unhindered dense granular flows increases as grain size and clast agitation decrease. Consequently, there is no evidence that the high mobility of large natural rock avalanches is due to an increase of particle agitation.
Quantifying the Aerodynamic Roughness Length of Snow Surfaces With Time‐Lapse Structure‐From‐Motion
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Chen Rensheng , Ma Shaoxiu , Guo Shuhai , Han Chuntan , Ding Yongjian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aerodynamic roughness length (z0m) of snow surfaces plays an essential role in estimating turbulent fluxes of latent and sensible heat (LE and H). Constant z0m has been widely used in previous studies due to the difficulty in monitoring dynamic z0m. This leads to large uncertainties in simulating LE and H fluxes. In the current study we used a time‐lapse structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetric method to study temporal variation in z0m of snow surfaces. The study site was located at the edge of the August‐one ice cap in the Qilian Mountains of China. The study ran from August 2019 to September 2020. We measured aerodynamic roughness length over time (z0m_t) using SfM‐based micro‐topographic methods and validated our results by comparing z0m_t with z0m_prof (profile‐based) and z0m_EC (EC‐based) data. The validated dynamic z0m_t was then used to estimate LE and H fluxes using a bulk aerodynamic method. These results were then compared with LE and H measured by eddy covariance (EC) and with manual sublimation/condensation measurements to indirectly validate z0m_t. We found that z0m_t overall agreed with profile‐based z0m_prof and EC‐based z0m_EC. Indeed, our estimates of bulk LE and H fluxes using dynamic z0m_t agreed slightly better with EC and manual sublimation/condensation measurements than did static EC‐based z0m_EC. Micro‐topographic z0m_t can be helpful in precisely estimating varying LE and H fluxes over the course of a year.