bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of biologics in gastric cancer
Authors: Li Junyi , Turner David C. , Li Feifei , Chen Xi , Liao Michael Z. , Li Chunze 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide despite improvements in therapeutic options. Several biologics have been investigated in patients with GC, including those approved in other solid tumors; however, the success rate of the pivotal trials that investigated these biologic molecules in GC remains low. Elevation in total clearance and a decrease in systemic pharmacokinetic (PK) exposure in GC compared with other indications have been observed in these biologics across different pathways. Achieving optimal exposure for patients with GC is an important factor in balancing risk and optimizing therapeutic benefit and thus maximizing chance of positive outcomes for pivotal trials. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the PK disposition of several molecules (e.g., anti‐HER2, anti‐VEGF, and anti‐PD1) evaluated in GC and showed a consistent trend of lower drug exposure as compared to other solid tumors. We hypothesize that two possible mechanisms: (1) hyper‐catabolism of endogenous and exogenous proteins due to cancer cachexia; and (2) gastric protein leakage due to local inflammation at the gastrointestinal tract may explain or partially explain the increase of clearance in patients with GC. Last, the potential implications of such findings on dose selection to optimize the benefit: risk profile for biologics in GC are also discussed.
A narrative review of outcome measures used in drug and alcohol inpatient withdrawal treatment research
Authors: Wang Jing , Deane Frank P. , Kelly Peter J. , Robinson Laura 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIssuesAssessing drug and alcohol inpatient withdrawal treatment programs is important, as these represent a first step of treatment among people with alcohol and drug problems. However, there are many ways of measuring outcomes making it difficult for service providers to decide which domains and methods to use. This narrative review aims to clarify frequencies of the domains and methods used to assess withdrawal treatment outcomes.ApproachWe reviewed published studies that examined outcomes of inpatient drug and alcohol withdrawal treatment. The types of outcome measures used and the frequency of use were summarised.Key FindingsThe review showed that assessment of withdrawal treatment outcomes goes beyond traditional abstinence measures. Outcomes mainly focus on biological and psychological outcomes, with social outcomes rarely measured. Even within outcome domains (e.g., cravings), there were many assessment methods.ImplicationsThe review provides service providers with an outline of common outcome domains and measures. Given the importance of social functioning to recovery from alcohol and drug problems, greater emphasis on such measures is desirable. Future research could develop greater consensus on outcome measures for use in withdrawal management services to facilitate clarity around factors associated with treatment success.ConclusionOutcome assessment in withdrawal treatment goes beyond abstinence to include holistic measurement of biological, psychological and some social outcomes; but more work needs to be done to cohere the different assessment methods and broaden the scope to include social functioning.
Artificial intelligence adoption in a competitive market
Authors: Gans Joshua S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEconomists have often viewed the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) as a standard process innovation where we expect that efficiency will drive adoption in competitive markets. This paper models AI based on recent advances in machine learning that allow firms to engage in better prediction. Focusing on prediction of demand, it is demonstrated that AI adoption is a complement to variable inputs whose levels are altered directly by predictions and whose use is economized by them (that is, labour). It is shown that in a competitive market, this increases the short‐run elasticity of supply and may or may not increase average equilibrium prices. Generically, there are externalities in adoption, with this reducing the profits of non‐adoptees when variable inputs are important, and increasing them otherwise. Thus AI does not operate as a standard process innovation, and its adoption may confer positive externalities on non‐adopting firms. In the long run, AI adoption is shown to lower prices generally and raise consumer surplus in competitive markets.
Tomato plant defense induced by methyl jasmonate impacts on foraging behavior and parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum
Authors: Weber Nelson Cristiano , Sant'Ana Josué , Redaelli Luiza Rodrigues , Dawud Ezequiel Figueiredo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIndirect plant defense may be mediated by volatiles released after oviposition and/or herbivory or by exogenous application of plant hormones such as methyl jasmonate (MeJa), signaling host presence to parasitoids. There is still incipient information regarding phytohormone action on crop plant defense, especially among tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae) and the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). We aimed to evaluate T. pretiosum chemotaxis and parasitism in response to eggs and tomato plants exposed to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelichiidae) oviposition and herbivory, with and without MeJa. We conducted laboratory (olfactometry and parasitism) and semi‐field (parasitism) bioassays with T. pretiosum in response to treatments with MeJa (0.5 mM) applied to tomato plants, and the interaction with its host, on plants with T. absoluta oviposition and herbivory. Methyl jasmonate presence directly on eggs did not affect T. pretiosum chemotaxis and parasitism. However, it did intensify this natural enemy's foraging behavior and parasitism when applied to the plant. Therefore, the use of MeJa in the T. absoluta and T. pretiosum tomato system may be beneficial, increasing parasitoid recognition and parasitism. Strategies aimed at improving biological control combined with environmentally friendly techniques, such as the use of phytohormones, are of utmost importance towards more sustainable agriculture.
Synthesis and perspectives on the study of ant‐plant interaction networks: A global overview
Authors: Juárez‐Juárez Brenda , Dáttilo Wesley , Moreno Claudia E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent decades, the interest in complexity of ant‐plant relationships has increased considerably. However, because the spatial and biological information generated on ant‐plant interaction networks is dispersed in the literature it is necessary to synthesise current information, detect knowledge gaps, and outline needs for research leading to the development of a broad and systematic view on the subject.
Here, we present a global synthesis of the scientific articles dealing with ant‐plant interaction networks, through a quantitative scientometric analysis to establish the state of the art in this topic and to propose future perspectives.
We gather 54 articles published between 2006 and 2020 in 32 different scientific journals, which were written by 132 different authors. The studies were conducted in 15 countries and 9 biomes (most of them (61%) were in tropical lowlands), but Brazil and Mexico represented 87% of the global scientific production. Although most studies are related to ant‐plant interactions involving extrafloral nectaries (72%) usually in diurnal samplings, we also found other types of ant‐plant relationships such as floral nectar, extrafloral nectar, sap, myrmecophyte, seed/fruit, foraging substrate, and nesting sites. Furthermore, most studies used a bipartite framework of ant‐plant interaction mediated by only one type of resource, and researchers often reported a nested pattern of species interactions.
Finally, we identify some regions, biotic interactions involving different types of resources, spatio‐temporal scales, and research questions that need further research for a better understanding of the complexity ant‐plant networks.
Niche theory for within‐host parasite dynamics: Analogies to food web modules via feedback loops
Authors: Ramesh Ashwini , Hall Spencer R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhy do parasites exhibit a wide dynamical range within their hosts? For instance, why does infecting dose either lead to infection or immune clearance? Why do some parasites exhibit boom‐bust, oscillatory dynamics? What maintains parasite diversity, that is coinfection v single infection due to exclusion or priority effects? For insights on parasite dose, dynamics and diversity governing within‐host infection, we turn to niche models. An omnivory food web model (IGP) blueprints one parasite competing with immune cells for host energy (PIE). Similarly, a competition model (keystone predation, KP) mirrors a new coinfection model (2PIE). We then drew analogies between models using feedback loops. The following three points arise: first, like in IGP, parasites oscillate when longer loops through parasites, immune cells and resource regulate parasite growth. Shorter, self‐limitation loops (involving resources and enemies) stabilise those oscillations. Second, IGP can produce priority effects that resemble immune clearance. But, despite comparable loop structure, PIE cannot due to constraints imposed by production of immune cells. Third, despite somewhat different loop structure, KP and 2PIE share apparent and resource competition mechanisms that produce coexistence (coinfection) or priority effects of prey or parasites. Together, this mechanistic niche framework for within‐host dynamics offers new perspective to improve individual health.
Love is in the air and beyond the ocean: Taxonomic review ofNeotrogaspidiaLelej (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Trogaspidiini) in Northeast Asia highlights its unique distributional pattern
Authors: Okayasu Juriya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe genusNeotrogaspidiaLelej, 1996 is a small group of velvet ants with five species from the Australasian, Oriental and Palearctic Regions. The type species,N. pustulata(Smith, 1873) (♂♀), is the only Northeast Asian species known at present. In this paper,N. elpinice(Mickel, 1933),stat. resurr. et comb. nov.(♂♀) is resurrected from the junior synonym ofN. pustulata. Two new combinations are proposed forN. circumcincta(André, 1896),comb. nov.(♂♀) fromOrientidiaLelej, 1996 andN. recticarinata(Chen, 1957),comb. nov.(♂) fromTrogaspidiaAshmead, 1899. New synonymies are proposed forN. elpinicewithT.aestivalisHammer, 1949,syn. nov.andT.maritimaChen, 1957,syn. nov., andN. circumcinctawithT.yuliensisTsuneki, 1972,syn. nov.andKrombeinidia agricolaWilliams, 2019,syn. nov.An updated genus diagnosis and a key to all described species are provided. New records includeN. circumcinctafrom Laos and Vietnam,N. pustulatafrom North Korea, andN. recticarinatafrom Taiwan. The inflated endophallus of the male genitalia ofN. pustulatais illustrated. A potential host record, habitat records and mating observations ofNeotrogaspidiaare presented. The historical process of formation of the distributional patterns of this genus in Northeast Asia is discussed.
Epilepsy severity mediates association between mutation type and ADHD symptoms in tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Tye Charlotte , McEwen Fiona S. , Liang Holan , Woodhouse Emma , Underwood Lisa , Shephard Elizabeth , Barker Edward D. , Sheerin Fintan , Higgins Nicholas , Steenbruggen Juul ,   Tuberous Sclerosis 2000 Study Group, Bolton Patrick F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe association between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is widely reported, with support for the role of epilepsy, yet the mechanisms underlying the association across development are unclear. The Tuberous Sclerosis 2000 Study is a prospective longitudinal study of TSC. In Phase 1 of the study, baseline measures of epilepsy, cortical tuber load, and mutation were obtained with 125 children ages 0–16 years. In Phase 2, at an average of 8 years later, ADHD symptoms were measured for 81 of the participants. Structural equation modeling revealed an indirect pathway from genetic mutation, to cortical tuber load, to epileptic spasm severity in infancy, to ADHD symptoms in middle childhood and adolescence, in addition to a pathway linking current seizure severity to ADHD symptoms. Findings were retained when intelligence quotient (IQ) was entered as a correlated factor. The findings support a cascading developmental pathway to ADHD symptoms mediated by early‐onset and severe epilepsy in the first 2 years of life. This warrants detailed investigation of seizure characteristics and cognitive and behavioral sequelae associated with ADHD from early in life, to further the understanding of the association between ADHD and early‐onset epilepsy across syndromic and non‐syndromic populations.
CEO marital status and corporate cash holdings
Authors: Elnahas Ahmed , Hossain Md. Noman , Javadi Siamak 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe examine the effect of CEO marital status on corporate cash holdings. Consistent with the classical agency framework, we find that firms with single CEOs hold more cash compared to otherwise similar firms with married CEOs and that the excess cash held by single CEOs is significantly discounted by shareholders. Our findings survive a battery of tests to ease endogeneity and selection bias, confirming that results are not simply reflecting innate heterogeneity in preferences. Overall, our findings indicate that a variable outside the common firm‐ and macro‐level determinants, CEO marital status, can significantly influence corporate policies.
Biochar co‐compost improves nitrogen retention and reduces carbon emissions in a winter wheat cropping system
Authors: Gao Si , Harrison Brendan P. , Thao Touyee , Gonzales Melinda L. , An Di , Ghezzehei Teamrat A. , Diaz Gerardo , Ryals Rebecca A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganic amendments, such as compost and biochar, mitigate the environmental burdens associated with wasting organic resources and close nutrient loops by capturing, transforming, and resupplying nutrients to soils. While compost or biochar application to soil can enhance an agroecosystem's capacity to store carbon and produce food, there have been few field studies investigating the agroecological impacts of amending soil with biochar co‐compost, produced through the composting of nitrogen‐rich organic material, such as manure, with carbon‐rich biochar. Here, we examine the impact of biochar co‐compost on soil properties and processes by conducting a field study in which we compare the environmental and agronomic impacts associated with the amendment of either dairy manure co‐composted with biochar, dairy manure compost, or biochar to soils in a winter wheat cropping system. Organic amendments were applied at equivalent C rates (8 Mg C ha−1). We found that all three treatments significantly increased soil water holding capacity and total plant biomass relative to the no‐amendment control. Soils amended with biochar or biochar co‐compost resulted in significantly less greenhouse gas emissions than the compost or control soils. Biochar co‐compost also resulted in a significant reduction in nutrient leaching relative to the application of biochar alone or compost alone. Our results suggest that biochar co‐composting could optimize organic resource recycling for climate change mitigation and agricultural productivity while minimizing nutrient losses from agroecosystems.
Normative influence and masstige purchase intention: Facilitators, inhibitors, and the moderating effect of celebrity endorsement
Authors: Gupta Swati , Raj Sahil , Singh Devinder Pal , Singh Amanpreet , Kastanakis Minas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMasstige marketing has gained considerable attention in the recent past as a theoretically significant and practically relevant concept. Masstige strategy encompasses all those activities directed to position the products for the masses, neither by offering drastic price reductions nor discounts. Rather its success depends on product innovation and promotion. Although it has been recognized as an important strategic construct, the nascent concept needs further investigation for better understanding. This research identifies significant gaps in the extant literature on fashion accessories masstige brands and intends to bridge them. The objective of the current study is to empirically investigate the factors that facilitate or inhibit masstige purchase intentions. Our study uncovers the role of normative influence in influencing the purchase intentions of a masstige fashion accessory brand, that is, Armani Exchange. Data were collected from 395 respondents, and structural equation modeling was applied to check the proposed hypotheses. The study's results revealed that conspicuous and social values play an important role as facilitators. In addition, the study highlighted that masstige brands need to overcome inhibitors like identity avoidance and deficit‐value avoidance to develop masstige purchase intention. Moderation analysis highlighted the significant influence of celebrity endorsement in strengthening the facilitators and overcoming inhibitors associated with masstige purchase intention. The study's results can help marketers to position their masstige brands by adopting the right strategies that can be formulated by taking into account the influence of stimulus, facilitators, inhibitors, and a moderating variable examined in the study.
Racial bias as a multi‐stage, multi‐actor problem: An analysis of pretrial detention
Authors: Grossman Joshua , Nyarko Julian , Goel Sharad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAfter arrest, criminal defendants are often detained before trial to mitigate potential risks to public safety. There is widespread concern, however, that detention decisions are biased against racial minorities. When assessing potential racial discrimination in pretrial detention, past studies have typically worked to quantify the extent to which the ultimate judicial decision is conditioned on the defendant's race. Although often useful, this approach suffers from three important limitations. First, it ignores the multi‐stage nature of the pretrial process, in which decisions and recommendations are made over multiple court appearances that influence the final judgment. Second, it does not consider the multiple actors involved, including prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges, each of whom have different responsibilities and incentives. Finally, a narrow focus on disparate treatment fails to consider potential disparate impact arising from facially neutral policies and practices. Addressing these limitations, here we present a framework for quantifying disparate impact in multi‐stage, multi‐actor settings, illustrating our approach using 10 years of data on pretrial decisions from a federal district court. We find that Hispanic defendants are released at lower rates than white defendants of similar safety and nonappearance risk. We trace these disparities to decisions of assistant US attorneys at the initial hearings, decisions driven in part by a statutory mandate that lowers the procedural bar for moving for detention of defendants in certain types of cases. We also find that the Pretrial Services Agency recommends detention of Black defendants at higher rates than white defendants of similar risk, though we do not find evidence that these recommendations translate to disparities in actual release rates. Finally, we find that traditional disparate treatment analyses yield more modest evidence of discrimination in pretrial detention outcomes, highlighting the value of our more expansive analysis for identifying, and ultimately remediating, unjust disparities in the pretrial process. We conclude with a discussion of how risk‐based threshold release policies could help to mitigate observed disparities, and the estimated impact of various policies on violation rates in the partner jurisdiction.
Trophic ecology of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in the Coyote estuary, Costa Rica
Authors: De la Llata Quiroga Edna , Arauz Randall , Tripp Valdez Arturo , Porras Murillo Laura , Parallada Manuel Spinola , Sánchez‐Murillo Ricardo , Chávez Elpis J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) is a near‐threatened elasmobranch species capable of moving between the fresh and salty waters of tropical and subtropical coastal areas, for which we still lack important ecological information. During their first years of life, bull sharks use estuarine systems as nursery areas, making them highly susceptible to environmental and anthropogenic pressures. We studied the trophic ecology of juveniles found in the Coyote estuary, a potential nursery area in Costa Rica, to understand the potential impact of further bull shark declines and gain knowledge that could aid in their conservation. We analysed the trophic ecology of juvenile bull sharks [81–103 cm total length (TL)] in the Coyote estuary, Costa Rica, using stable isotopes of δ15N and δ13C. Since one problem using this technique in juveniles is the confounding effect of the maternal signature, we sampled different tissues (muscle and plasma), verified the status of the shark's umbilical scar and identified the size at which the isotope signature is a result of the animal's current diet. The isotopic values of the muscle tissue reflected the maternal isotopic signature. In contrast, plasma values reflected the diet of juvenile bull sharks >95 cm TL and with a closed umbilical scar. Juvenile bull sharks fed primarily on teleost fishes of the order Anguilliformes and Siluriformes, and have a high trophic position (≥4.0) in the Coyote estuary. Our findings suggest that this estuary is an important feeding site for juvenile bull sharks of the Pacific of Costa Rica. Thus, the protection of essential habitats such as the Coyote estuary will benefit not only bull shark conservation, but also the conservation of an array of fish species that also use this habitat as a rookery, many of which are of commercial interest.
Older adults on the dating market: The role of family caregiving responsibilities
Authors: Harris Lauren E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates how family care responsibilities impact older single adults' approach to and experience on the dating market.BackgroundThere is a growing population of single older adults, but very little understanding of their experiencing seeking romantic partners. Prior dating and marriage research has focused primarily on younger adults or single parents seeking remarriage. There is evidence of parenthood negatively impacting the search for a partner, but it is unclear how caregiving responsibilities impact this process for older adults.MethodHere, 100 older adults, 50 men and 50 women ages 60–83, were recruited from online dating websites and interviewed about their experiences seeking romantic partners.ResultsMany men and women postponed dating until carework was complete. Additionally, men found women with care responsibilities less desirable, but women preferred men who were close to their families. Men were only less desirable when women believed the men would increase a woman's carework responsibilities.ConclusionThis study reveals how family caregiving responsibilities have a noticeable and gendered impacted on older adults' experiences with repartnering. This study extends marriage market and marital search theories by highlighting the complicated and influential role of family, particularly family carework responsibilities, in older adults' opportunities and status on the dating and marriage market.