bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life of Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease: a study based on four EQ-5D-3L value sets
Authors: Zhang Ye , Li Jinyue , Yang Li 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProvide reference data on which EQ-5D-3L value set should be used with Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); assess differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) based on the use of the Chinese (from 2014 and 2018), the UK, and the Japanese value sets; and examine differences in utility scores for key preventive influencing factors. Data from 373 patients with CKD recruited for a cross-sectional multicenter HRQoL survey were used. Differences among utility scores based on the four value sets were determined using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICCs) and Bland–Altman plots were used to evaluate consistency among utility scores and Tobit regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of utility scores. There were significant differences between utility scores based on the four value sets, with the Chinese 2018 value set yielding the highest utility (0.957). ICCs between the value sets for China 2014, the UK, and Japan were all greater than 0.9, whereas the ICCs between the value sets for China 2018 and the other three were all less than 0.7. The influencing factors of utility scores included CKD stages, age, education level, city, and primary renal disease. This was the first study to report findings on the health utility of patients with CKD based on the two Chinese EQ-5D-3L value sets. Overall, the Chinese value sets performed similarly to the other two value sets (UK and Japan) commonly used in the Chinese population; however, value sets for different countries were not interchangeable. In Chinese contexts, the two value sets for China were recommended and the choice of which one should consider whether the value set of choice was established with a sample that is consistent with the targeted population.
Dip effect of asymmetric deformation characteristics for stope roof-pillar system
Authors: Huang Tengda , Luo Binyu , Ye Yicheng , Yuan Zhouhao , Li Pengcheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn underground mining, the dip angle is one of the widely recognized factors that cause the asymmetric deformation of the goaf/stope roof, but characterizing the degree of asymmetric roof deformation is still a challenge. The goal of this research is to try to solve this problem with a theoretical model and numerical method. In an inclined ore seam, the mining load produces both normal and tangential effects on the inclined roof. A theoretical model was developed employing thin plate theory for enabling describe the asymmetric deformation of the roof caused by inclination. The proposed model describes not only the bending deformation state of the roof but also the deformation characteristics. Subsequently, the law of asymmetric deformation of roofs with varying inclinations was presented by numerical method. Under the same conditions, the numerical results of the asymmetric deformation of the roof are consistent with the theoretical results. Finally, the degree of asymmetrical deformation was characterized and quantified by the distance between the maximum subsidence point and the center of the roof. There exist three modes of asymmetric deformation, which are controlled by both dip angle and in-situ stress ratio. The results show that the shear load caused by dip angle is the root cause of asymmetric deformation of the roof. This study provides a theoretical basis for the asymmetric deformation control of the inclined roof.
Mechanical behavior and particle crushing of irregular granular material under high pressure using discrete element method
Authors: Chen Qinglin , Li Zugui , Dai Zeyu , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Chao , Zhang Xuepeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of stress levels on the mechanical behavior and particle crushing of irregular granular materials. Granular materials with irregular sides were modelled using the discrete element method. A new method of using a shear fracture zone to characterize the deformation of irregular granular materials under high pressure was proposed. The crushing energy is analysed based on the first law of thermodynamics. The shear strength of irregular granular materials shows significantly nonlinear behavior due to particle crushing. The deformation behavior can be characterized with the help of particle rotation under low confining pressure, and can be characterized with the help of particle breakage under high confining pressure. Granular materials easily break into many single fine particles under high confining pressure. The breakage degree can be represented by the value of crushing energy. Irregular granular materials have a large breakage degree under high confining pressures. It weakens the stability of engineered structures constructed from granular materials.
Edentulous disparities among geriatric population according to the sexual difference in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Park Hyang-Ah , Shin Soon-Hee , Ryu Jae-In 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe proportion aged 60 years or older in the world's population is expected to double by 2050. In general, they have many complex diseases and poor oral health status. Oral health is one of the important health indicators of elderly people and it is affected by diverse factors, such as socioeconomic status. In this study, sexual difference was considered as an associated factor that is closely related to edentulism. The sexual difference might be more influential within the geriatric population because of lower economic and educational backgrounds at this stage. Edentulism was significantly higher among elderly females than males when combined with the education level. The lower the level of education, the higher the prevalence of edentulism as much as 24 ~ 28 times, especially in females (P = 0.002). These findings suggest a more complex relationship between oral health, socioeconomic status, and sexual difference.
Spatial ability and 3D model colour-coding affect anatomy performance: a cross-sectional and randomized trial
Authors: Koh Ming Yi , Tan Gerald Jit Shen , Mogali Sreenivasulu Reddy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotorealistic 3D models (PR3DM) have great potential to supplement anatomy education; however, there is evidence that realism can increase cognitive load and negatively impact anatomy learning, particularly in students with decreased spatial ability. These differing viewpoints have resulted in difficulty in incorporating PR3DM when designing anatomy courses. To determine the effects of spatial ability on anatomy learning and reported intrinsic cognitive load using a drawing assessment, and of PR3DM versus an Artistic colour-coded 3D model (A3DM) on extraneous cognitive load and learning performance. First-year medical students participated in a cross-sectional (Study 1) and a double-blind randomised control trial (Study 2). Pre-tests analysed participants' knowledge of anatomy of the heart (Study 1, N = 50) and liver (Study 2, N = 46). In Study 1, subjects were first divided equally using a mental rotations test (MRT) into low and high spatial ability groups. Participants memorised a 2D-labeled heart valve diagram and sketched it rotated 180°, before self-reporting their intrinsic cognitive load (ICL). For Study 2, participants studied a liver PR3DM or its corresponding A3DM with texture-homogenisation, followed by a liver anatomy post-test, and reported extraneous cognitive load (ECL). All participants reported no prior anatomy experience. Participants with low spatial ability (N = 25) had significantly lower heart drawing scores (p = 0.001) than those with high spatial ability (N = 25), despite no significant differences in reported ICL (p = 0.110). Males had significantly higher MRT scores than females (p = 0.011). Participants who studied the liver A3DM (N = 22) had significantly higher post-test scores than those who studied the liver PR3DM (N = 24) (p = 0.042), despite no significant differences in reported ECL (p = 0.720). This investigation demonstrated that increased spatial ability and colour-coding of 3D models are associated with improved anatomy performance without significant increase in cognitive load. The findings are important and provide useful insight into the influence of spatial ability and photorealistic and artistic 3D models on anatomy education, and their applicability to instructional and assessment design in anatomy.
Classification of Amazonian fast-growing tree species and wood chemical determination by FTIR and multivariate analysis (PLS-DA, PLS)
Authors: Javier-Astete Rosario , Melo Jessenia , Jimenez-Davalos Jorge , Zolla Gastón 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFast-growing trees like Capirona, Bolaina, and Pashaco have the potential to reduce forest degradation because of their ecological features, the economic importance in the Amazon Forest, and an industry based on wood-polymer composites. Therefore, a practical method to discriminate specie (to avoid illegal logging) and determine chemical composition (tree breeding programs) is needed. This study aimed to validate a model for the classification of wood species and a universal model for the rapid determination of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin using FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. Our results showed that PLS-DA models for the classification of wood species (0.84 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.91, 0.12 ≤ RMSEP ≤ 0.20, accuracy, specificity, and sensibility between 95.2 and 100%) were satisfied with the full spectra and the differentiation among these species based on IR peaks related to cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. Besides, the full spectra helped build a three-species universal PLS model to quantify the principal wood chemical components. Lignin (RPD = 2.27, $${R}_{c}^{2}$$

R

c

2

= 0.84) and hemicellulose (RPD = 2.46, $${R}_{c}^{2}$$

R

c

2

= 0.83) models showed a good prediction, while cellulose model (RPD = 3.43, $${R}_{c}^{2}$$

R

c

2

= 0.91) classified as efficient. This study showed that FTIR-ATR, together with chemometrics, is a reliable method to discriminate wood species and to determine the wood chemical composition in juvenile trees of Pashaco, Capirona, and Bolaina.
A single chlamydial protein reshapes the plasma membrane and serves as recruiting platform for central endocytic effector proteins
Authors: Spona Dominik , Hanisch Philipp T. , Hegemann Johannes H. , Mölleken Katja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUptake of obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens into mammalian epithelial cells is critically dependent on modulation of the host’s endocytic machinery. It is an open question how the invading pathogens generate a membrane-bound vesicle appropriate to their size. This requires extensive deformation of the host plasma membrane itself by pathogen-derived membrane-binding proteins, accompanied by substantial F-actin-based forces to further expand and finally pinch off the vesicle. Here we show that upon adhesion to the host cell, the human pathogenic bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae secretes the scaffolding effector protein CPn0677, which binds to the inner leaflet of the invaginating host’s PM, induces inwardly directed, negative membrane curvature, and forms a recruiting platform for the membrane-deforming BAR-domain containing proteins Pacsin and SNX9. In addition, while bound to the membrane, CPn0677 recruits monomeric G-actin, and its C-terminal region binds and activates N-WASP, which initiates branching actin polymerization via the Arp2/3 complex. Together, these membrane-bound processes enable the developing endocytic vesicle to engulf the infectious elementary body, while the associated actin network generates the forces required to reshape and detach the nascent vesicle from the PM. Thus, Cpn0677 (now renamed SemD) acts as recruiting platform for central components of the endocytic machinery during uptake of chlamydia.
A machine learning approach to drawing phase diagrams of topological lasing modes
Authors: Wong Stephan , Olthaus Jan , Bracht Thomas K. , Reiter Doris E. , Oh Sang Soon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIdentifying phases and analyzing the stability of dynamic states are ubiquitous and important problems which appear in various physical systems. Nonetheless, drawing a phase diagram in high-dimensional and large parameter spaces has remained challenging. Here, we propose a data-driven method to derive the phase diagram of lasing modes in topological insulator lasers. The classification is based on the temporal behaviour of the topological modes obtained via numerical integration of the rate equation. A semi-supervised learning method is used and an adaptive library is constructed in order to distinguish the different topological modes present in the generated parameter space. The proposed method successfully distinguishes the different topological phases in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattice with saturable gain. This demonstrates the possibility of classifying the topological phases without needing for expert knowledge of the system and may give valuable insight into the fundamental physics of topological insulator lasers via reverse engineering of the derived phase diagram.
Astronomical forcing shaped the timing of early Pleistocene glacial cycles
Authors: Watanabe Yasuto , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Saito Fuyuki , Kino Kanon , O’ishi Ryouta , Ito Takashi , Kawamura Kenji , Chan Wing-Le 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlacial cycles during the early Pleistocene are characterised by a dominant 41,000-year periodicity and amplitudes smaller than those of glacial cycles with ~100,000-year periodicity during the late Pleistocene. However, it remains unclear how the 41,000-year glacial cycles during the early Pleistocene respond to Earth’s astronomical forcings. Here we employ a three-dimensional ice-sheet model to simulate the glacial cycles at ~1.6–1.2 million years before present and analyse the phase angle of precession and obliquity at deglaciations. We show that each deglaciation occurs at every other precession minimum, and when obliquity is large. The lead-lag relationship between precession and obliquity controls the length of interglacial periods, the shape of the glacial cycle, and the glacial ice-sheet geometry. The large amplitudes of obliquity and eccentricity during this period helped to establish robust 41,000-year glacial cycles. This behaviour is explained by the threshold mechanism determined by ice-sheet size and astronomical forcings.
A transdiagnostic meta-analysis of acute augmentations to psychological therapy
Authors: Nord Camilla L. , Longley Beth , Dercon Quentin , Phillips Veronica , Funk Julia , Gormley Siobhan , Knight Rachel , Smith Alicia J. , Dalgleish Tim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAt least half of all patients with mental health disorders do not respond adequately to psychological therapy. Acutely enhancing particular biological or psychological processes during psychological therapy may improve treatment outcomes. However, previous studies are confined to specific augmentation approaches, typically assessed within single diagnostic categories. Our objective was to assess to what degree acute augmentations of psychological therapy reduce psychiatric symptoms and estimate effect sizes of augmentation types (for example, brain stimulation or psychedelics). We searched Medline, PsycINFO and Embase for controlled studies published between database inception and 25 May 2022. We conducted a preregistered random-effects meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42021236403). We identified 108 studies (N = 5,889). Acute augmentation significantly reduced the severity of mental health problems (Hedges’g = −0.27, 95% CI: [−0.36, −0.18];P < 0.0001), particularly for the transdiagnostic dimensions 'Fear' and 'Distress'. This result survived a trim-and-fill analysis to account for publication bias. Subgroup analyses revealed that pharmacological, psychological and somatic augmentations were effective, but to varying degrees. Acute augmentation approaches are a promising route to improve outcomes from psychological therapy.
Removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from effluent by a plant-based metal–organic framework
Authors: Svensson Grape Erik , Chacón-García Antonio J. , Rojas Sara , Pérez Yolanda , Jaworski Aleksander , Nero Mathias , Åhlén Michelle , Martínez-Ahumada Eva , Galetsa Feindt Athina E. , Pepillo Mathieu , Narongin-Fujikawa Mayumi , Ibarra Ilich A. , Cheung Ocean , Baresel Christian , Willhammar Tom , Horcajada Patricia , Inge A. Ken 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEmerging organic contaminants (EOCs), such as pharmaceutical compounds, are of growing environmental concern, and there is a need to develop new materials and technologies for their efficient removal. Here we developed a highly porous and stable zirconium–ellagate framework, denoted SU-102, which was used to remove EOCs from water, including real municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent. SU-102 adsorbs cationic EOCs with particularly high efficiencies, and of the 17 pharmaceutical EOCs detected in wastewater treatment plant effluent, all 9 cationic species were removed with efficiencies of at least 79.0–99.6%, emphasizing the importance of framework charge on selectivity. As a second mechanism of EOC removal, SU-102 photodegraded the antibiotic sulphamethazine under visible light. SU-102 is synthesized from ellagic acid, an edible polyphenol building unit, highlighting the possibility of creating stable high-performance multi-functional materials from sustainably sourced plant-based components.
WASMOD: Detecting vulnerabilities in Wasm smart contracts
Authors: Zhou Jianfei , Chen Ting 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the past few years, blockchain platforms supporting WebAssembly (Wasm) smart contracts are gaining popularity. However, Wasm smart contracts are often compiled from memory‐unsafe languages (e.g. C and C++). And there is a lack of effective defense against integer overflow and stack overflow at the compiler and virtual machine (VM) layers, making Wasm smart contracts even more exploitable than native C and C++ programs. In this paper, the authors propose wasm overflow detector (WASMOD) to address the integer overflow and stack overflow vulnerabilities. The authors’ approach combines bytecode instrumentation, run‐time validation, and grey‐box fuzzing to detect these vulnerabilities. The authors applied their approach to the popular EOSIO blockchain and evaluated it on 4616 deployed Wasm smart contracts. The authors’ approach detected 13 real‐world vulnerable smart contracts.
Distributed elastic recovery strategy of AC/DC hybrid microgrid under false data injection attack
Authors: Wang Yihe , Wang Luyuan , Xiao Xiang , Cui Haoran , Lan Liangsheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe AC/DC hybrid microgrid, which integrates AC microgrid and DC microgrid, greatly improves the flexibility of distributed energy. However, it is imperative to acknowledge that the microgrid in question is accompanied by a significantly elevated network security risk. To solve this problem, this article proposes a false data injection attack detection and alarm method based on active power output. The detection algorithm is capable of detecting attacks at any location within the microgrid and mitigating the impact of communication delay. Moreover, a distributed elastic recovery strategy based on the aforementioned detection algorithm is proposed. This strategy aims to expeditiously restore the compromised agent to its rated state. Finally, a simulation model is developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Adaptive phase estimation filter in long range synthetic aperture sonar interferometry
Authors: Sæbø Torstein Olsmo , Hansen Roy Edgar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSynthetic aperture sonar (SAS) interferometry is a technique for very high resolution imaging and mapping of the seabed. In SAS interferometry, the seabed depth estimation performance is a function of the system, the geometry, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and the filter size, equivalent to the achieved horizontal resolution. A strong driver for SNR is the imaging range and grazing angle. The variation of these parameters over a typical SAS swath gives rise to a large variation in the depth estimation performance. To mitigate the negative effect of this, we suggest to use an adaptive phase estimation filter size, such that the standard deviation of the depth estimate is proportional to the horizontal resolution. We demonstrate the suggested adaptive filter size method on long range data collected using a HUGIN Superior autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) equipped with a HISAS 1032 Dual receiver interferometric SAS. Our technique increases the valid area coverage when the SNR is marginal, at the expense of reduced horizontal resolution.
Hale cycle in solar hemispheric radio flux and sunspots: Evidence for a northward-shifted relic field
Authors: Mursula K. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Solar and heliospheric parameters occasionally depict notable differences between the northern and southern solar hemisphere. Although the hemispheric asymmetries of some heliospheric parameters vary systematically with the Hale cycle, this has not been found to be commonly valid for solar parameters. Also, no verified physical mechanism exists that can explain possible systematic hemispheric asymmetries.
Aims. We use a novel method of high heliolatitudinal vantage points to increase the fraction of one hemisphere in solar 10.7 cm radio fluxes and sunspot numbers. We aim to explore the possibility that solar radio fluxes and sunspot numbers, the two most fundamental solar parameters, depict systematic, possibly mutually similar patterns in their hemispheric activities during the last 75 yr.
Methods. We used three different sets of time intervals with increasing mean heliographic latitude and calculated corresponding hemispheric high-latitude radio fluxes and sunspot numbers. We also normalized these fluxes by yearly means in order to study the variation of fluxes in the two hemispheres over the whole 75 yr time interval.
Results. We find that cycle-maximum radio fluxes and sunspot numbers in each odd solar cycle (19, 21, 23) are larger at northern high latitudes than at southern high latitudes, while maximum fluxes and numbers in all even cycles (18, 20, 22 24) are larger at southern high latitudes than at northern high latitudes. This alternation indicates a new form of systematic, Hale-cycle-related variation in solar activity. Hemispheric differences at cycle maxima are 15% for radio flux and 23% for sunspot numbers, on average. The difference is largest during cycle 19 and smallest in cycle 24. Normalized radio fluxes depict a dominant Hale-cycle variation in both hemispheres, with an opposite phase and overall amplitude of about 5% in the north and 4% in the south. Thus, there is systematic Hale-cycle alternation in magnetic flux emergence in both hemispheres.
Conclusions. The hemispheric Hale cycle in flux emergence can be explained if there is a northward-directed relic magnetic field, which is slightly shifted northward. In that case, in odd cycles, the northern hemisphere is enhanced more than the southern hemisphere, and in even cycles, the northern hemisphere is reduced more than the southern hemisphere, establishing the observed hemispheric alternation. The temporal change of asymmetry during the seven cycles can be explained if the relic shift oscillates at the 210 yr Suess/deVries period, which also provides a physical cause to this periodicity. Gleissberg cycles are explained as off-equator excursions of the relic, each Gleissberg cycle forming one half of the full relic shift oscillation cycle. Having a relic field in the Sun also offers interesting possibilities for century-scale forecasting of solar activity.