bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best fit formula approach in delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery
Authors: Röggla Veronika , Langenbucher Achim , Leydolt Christina , Schartmüller Daniel , Schwarzenbacher Luca , Hoffmann Peter , Menapace Rupert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated whether the best‐fit intraocular lens (IOL) power formula for the first operated eye (BF1) was also the most accurate formula for the second eye.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 152 patients who underwent uncomplicated delayed bilateral cataract surgery with a minimum delay of 3 weeks using only one 1‐piece IOL (HOYA, Vivinex) at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Seven different formulae (Barrett Universal II, Castrop, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Kane, and SRK/T) were investigated to test the formula selection approach with regard to the calculated mean and median absolute prediction errors (MAE/MedAE).ResultsThe mean intraindividual difference in axial length was 0.2 mm (±0.3 mm). BF1 coincided with the best‐fit formula for the second eye (BF2) in 56% of patients (p < 0.05). Using BF1 for the second eye led to a lower MedAE (0.22 dioptre, D) than using a formula at random (0.33 D) and was less accurate than using the best‐fit formula for each eye separately (0.1 D). The MedAEs of all formulae were generally low, ranging from 0.28 to 0.35 D.ConclusionUsing BF1 for the second eye led to a lower MedAE than the random selection of a formula. Therefore, BF1 can be used for the second eye if the surgeon is unsure of the choice of formula.
Diagnostic accuracy of water‐soluble contrast enema, contrast‐enema computed tomography and endoscopy in detecting anastomotic leakage after (Colo) proctectomy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chierici Andrea , Granieri Stefano , Frontali Alice 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leakage (AL) as a result of creation of a colorectal/anal anastomosis still represents a frequent complication of colorectal surgery, with short‐ and long‐term consequences on postoperative morbidity, quality of life and oncological outcomes. However, early diagnosis of AL may result in improved outcomes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of water‐soluble contrast enema (WSCE), contrast enema computed tomography (CECT) and endoscopy in identifying AL and to identify the diagnostic procedure that is most accurate.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of 19 studies accounting for a total of 25 tests reporting diagnostic accuracy estimates was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA‐DTA) guidelines up to June 2021. For the diagnostic tests we evaluated the pooled estimates and conducted pairwise comparisons.ResultsFor WSCE, the pooled sensitivity was 0.50, the pooled specificity was 0.99 and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.91. For endoscopy, the pooled sensitivity was 0.69, specificity was 1.00 and AUC was 0.99. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for CECT were 0.89 and 1.00, respectively; the AUC was 0.99. The comparison between CECT and WSCE highlighted a significantly greater sensitivity (p = 0.04) for CECT, whereas no difference was found for specificity. Compared with CECT, endoscopy was not significantly more accurate in terms of either sensitivity or specificity. Endoscopy was found to be significantly more specific than WSCE (p = 0.031) but no difference was found for sensitivity.ConclusionWater‐soluble contrast enema, endoscopy and CECT have an elevated diagnostic accuracy. However, WSCE is less accurate than either endoscopy or CECT. Although greater sensitivity was demonstrated for CECT compared with endoscopy, this was not significant.
Impact of sociodemographic disadvantage on neurobehavioral outcomes in children with newly diagnosed seizures and their unaffected siblings over 36 months
Authors: Oyegbile‐Chidi Temitayo , Harvey Danielle , Jones Jana , Byars Anna , Austin Joan , Hermann Bruce , Dunn David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to determine the short‐term and longer term impact of sociodemographic disadvantage on the emotional–behavioral status of youths with new onset epilepsy and their unaffected siblings at the time of diagnosis and the subsequent 3 years.MethodsThree hundred twelve youths with newly diagnosed epilepsies and 223 unaffected siblings, aged 6–16 years, were independently assessed regarding their emotional and behavioral status by their parents and teachers at baseline, and at 18 at 36 months later; youths with seizures also completed self‐report measures of depression, anxiety, and hostility at those three time points. A sociodemographic disadvantage score was computed for each family (children with newly diagnosed seizures and their siblings), and families were separated into four categories from most disadvantaged to least disadvantaged.ResultsIn both children and siblings, the least disadvantaged group exhibited the lowest level of neurobehavioral problems, whereas the most disadvantaged group showed a higher level of neurobehavioral problems across all the same behavior metrics. Findings remained stable and significant across all informants (parent, teacher, child) and across all time periods (throughout the 3‐year period). Furthermore, both corrected and uncorrected linear regression analyses indicated that disadvantage was a more constant and stable predictor of behavioral and emotional problems over time compared to clinical seizure characteristics and abnormalities in magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalographic testing.SignificanceSociodemographic disadvantage bears a strong relationship to youths with emotional and behavioral problems both at the time of diagnosis as well as prospectively. The relationship is robust and reflected in reports from multiple informants (parent, teacher, child self‐report), evident in siblings as well, and possibly more explanatory than traditional clinical seizure variables. Future studies will be needed to determine whether this disadvantage factor is modifiable with early intervention.
The crosstalk between PTEN‐induced kinase 1‐mediated mitophagy and the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata
Authors: Shin Jung‐Min , Kim Kyung Min , Choi Mi Soo , Park Sanghyun , Hong Dongkyun , Jung Kyung‐Eun , Seo Young‐Joon , Kim Chang Deok , Yang Hanseul , Lee Young 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is a T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune disease that causes chronic, relapsing hair loss; however, its precise pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Recent studies have provided compelling evidence of crosstalk between inflammasomes and mitophagy—a process that contributes to the removal of damaged mitochondria. Our previous studies showed that the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is important for eliciting and progressing inflammation in AA. In this study, we detected mitochondrial DNA damage in AA‐affected scalp tissues and IFNγ and poly(I:C) treated outer root sheath (ORS) cells. In addition, IFNγ and poly(I:C) treatment increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in ORS cells. Moreover, we showed that mitophagy induction alleviates IFNγ and poly(I:C)‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ORS cells. Lastly, PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1) knockdown increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation, indicating that PINK1‐mediated mitophagy plays a critical role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ORS cells. This study supports previous studies showing that oxidative stress disrupts immune privilege status and promotes autoimmunity in AA. The results emphasize the significance of crosstalk between mitophagy and inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of AA. Finally, mitophagy factors regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting inflammasome activation could be novel therapeutic targets for AA.
A robust sliding window adaptive filtering technique for phonocardiogram signal denoising
Authors: Shervegar Vishwanath Madhava 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe digital sound recording of several heart sounds (HSs) is named phonocardiogram (PCG) signal. Analysing these PCG signals is essential for diagnosing diverse sorts of heart disorders. Nevertheless, owing to troubling surrounding noise signals, PCG signal recording is challenging. So, before utilising PCG for advanced processing, de‐noising the PCG signal is executed. A new sliding window adaptive noise cancellers (SWANC)‐centred filter technique is proposed in this paper for de‐noising along with recovering the PCG signal effectively.MethodUtilising the least mean square (LMS), an SW optimum adaptive filter (AF) structure is introduced in this work for estimating a De‐noised signal (DS) with better accuracy. Here, via the SWAF stage, a noisy signal is processed. An SW of fixed duration slides over the signal; also, the signal is filtered utilising the AF in each window. Utilising this SWAF architecture, this method approximates the PCG signal's clean version with better accuracy.ResultsThe proposed robust SWAF is analogized to experimental PCG signals that were corrupted by Gaussian noise (GN) together with pink noise (PN) with distinct noise levels (NLs). From the physionet database, the experiential data are acquired. The outcomes exhibited that a remarkable performance was attained by the robust SWAF model.DiscussionA 2–10 times decrease in MSE values was attained by the proposed filter structure when analogized with conventional LMS filter configuration. Further, the SNR is improved by 3 times and comparatively, the PSNR enhancement was 4%–25%. The association betwixt the clean signal along with its estimate is greater than 0.92.ConclusionA cost‐efficient hardware installation of ANC with higher accuracy was offered by the SW LMS AF model. For obtaining desired convergence speed and accuracy, such models are tested for real‐time performances in the future.
“Sorry, that's all I know!”: A study on web‐based pragmatic instruction for novice learners
Authors: Kerber Noelle , Shea Jacqueline , Tecedor Marta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of instructor‐led (IL) versus self‐access (SA) web‐based pragmatic instruction on novice second language learners' (n = 28) awareness and oral production of Spanish apologies. Two sections of a second‐semester Spanish course were assigned to either the IL or the SA group. The web‐based resourceDancing with Wordswas used to provide pragmatic instruction. Participants in the SA group worked through the materials individually, and participants in the IL group received support and guidance from the instructor. A quasi‐experimental, pre‐/posttest design was used to measure participants' pragmatic competence (i.e., awareness and production skills) before and after a 5‐week intervention period. Results indicate three major findings: (1) learners follow developmental trajectories similar to those identified in study abroad, (2) instructor guidance is important for novice learners' development of pragmatic competence, and (3) special consideration should be given to instructional materials to ensure they align with the instructional context and goals.
Interaction matters: Bottom‐up driver interdependencies alter the projected response of phytoplankton communities to climate change
Authors: Seifert Miriam , Nissen Cara , Rost Björn , Vogt Meike , Völker Christoph , Hauck Judith 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhytoplankton growth is controlled by multiple environmental drivers, which are all modified by climate change. While numerous experimental studies identify interactive effects between drivers, large‐scale ocean biogeochemistry models mostly account for growth responses to each driver separately and leave the results of these experimental multiple‐driver studies largely unused. Here, we amend phytoplankton growth functions in a biogeochemical model by dual‐driver interactions (CO2 and temperature, CO2 and light), based on data of a published meta‐analysis on multiple‐driver laboratory experiments. The effect of this parametrization on phytoplankton biomass and community composition is tested using present‐day and future high‐emission (SSP5‐8.5) climate forcing. While the projected decrease in future total global phytoplankton biomass in simulations with driver interactions is similar to that in control simulations without driver interactions (5%–6%), interactive driver effects are group‐specific. Globally, diatom biomass decreases more with interactive effects compared with the control simulation (−8.1% with interactions vs. no change without interactions). Small‐phytoplankton biomass, by contrast, decreases less with on‐going climate change when the model accounts for driver interactions (−5.0% vs. −9.0%). The response of global coccolithophore biomass to future climate conditions is even reversed when interactions are considered (+33.2% instead of −10.8%). Regionally, the largest difference in the future phytoplankton community composition between the simulations with and without driver interactions is detected in the Southern Ocean, where diatom biomass decreases (−7.5%) instead of increases (+14.5%), raising the share of small phytoplankton and coccolithophores of total phytoplankton biomass. Hence, interactive effects impact the phytoplankton community structure and related biogeochemical fluxes in a future ocean. Our approach is a first step to integrate the mechanistic understanding of interacting driver effects on phytoplankton growth gained by numerous laboratory experiments into a global ocean biogeochemistry model, aiming toward more realistic future projections of phytoplankton biomass and community composition.
Different nitrogen saturation thresholds for above‐, below‐, and total net primary productivity in a temperate steppe
Authors: Yang Guo‐Jiao , Stevens Carly , Zhang Zi‐Jia , Lü Xiao‐Tao , Han Xing‐Guo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIdentifying the thresholds for the positive responses of total net primary productivity (NPP) to nitrogen (N) enrichment is an essential prerequisite for predicting the benefits of N deposition on ecosystem carbon sequestration. However, the responses of below‐ground NPP (BNPP) to N enrichment are unknown in many ecosystems, which limits our ability to understand the carbon cycling under the scenario of increasing N availability. We examined the changes in above‐ground NPP (ANPP), BNPP, and NPP of a temperate meadow steppe across a wide‐ranging N addition gradient (0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 g N m−2 year−1) during 5 years. Both ANPP and NPP increased nonlinearly with N addition rates. The N saturation threshold for ANPP (TA) and NPP (TN) was at the rate of 13.11 and 6.70 g N m−2 year−1, respectively. BNPP decreased with increasing N addition when N addition rates ˃5 g N m−2 year−1, resulting in much lower TN than TA. Soil N enrichment played a key role in driving the negative impacts of high N addition rates on BNPP, and consequently on the earlier occurrence of N saturation threshold for NPP. Our results highlight the negative effects of soil N enrichment on NPP in natural grasslands super‐saturated with N. Furthermore, by considering ANPP and BNPP simultaneously, our results indicate that previous findings from above‐ground might have over‐estimated the positive effects of N deposition on primary productivity.
Integrating diversity, equity, and inclusion principles into instruction: Case studies from the University of Florida's Health Science Center Libraries
Authors: Morgan‐Daniel Jane , Norton Hannah F. , Edwards Mary , Adkins Lauren 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLibrarians at the University of Florida Health Science Center Libraries have begun to intentionally incorporate diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) principles into teaching during design, implementation, and evaluation. This article uses four case studies to provide an overview of the librarians' approaches to inclusive teaching (1) an annual workshop for Physical Therapy students on the intersection between DEI, health literacy, and patient education; (2) a librarian‐taught one‐credit course for public health students, which was revised to create a more inviting syllabus and integrate elements of universal design; (3) an annual project for first year medical students highlighting health disparities and community resources; and (4) piloting the application of critical librarianship principles in library standalone sessions on database searching and reference management. Suggestions are provided for other librarians who are interested in developing a culture of inclusive teaching in their own libraries.
Resistant starch content of dual modification autoclaving‐cooling and pullulanase debranching on various carbohydrate sources: a systematic review
Authors: Oktaviani Sulha Rahmi , Faridah Didah Nur , Wulandari Nur , Afandi Frendy Ahmad , Jayanegara Anuraga 
Published: June 2023

SummaryResistant starch has a low glycaemic index and is commonly used in functional food development. Resistant starch type III can be produced through the combination of enzymatic debranching and the hot and cold cycle method, which is known as autoclaving‐cooling. The study showed that the dual modification of autoclaving‐cooling and pullulanase debranching can increase the resistant starch content, but it also depends on the carbohydrate source and the condition during the modification process. The study aims to determine the effects of pullulanase debranching and autoclaving‐cooling on resistant starch levels through a systematic review approach and produced 17 studies with 124 data. This dual‐modification study showed that 93.5% of data experienced in resistant starch increase while 6.5% experienced a decrease in resistant starch. The factors that should be considered were cooling/heating temperature and cooling/heating time, the number of cycles, the modification process sequence and enzyme concentration as well as temperature and hydrolysis time. Pullulanase debranching and autoclaving‐cooling dual modification with the highest resistant starch content was found on the chestnut starch sample (64.60%) with autoclave heating process (120 °C, 30 min), followed by debranching process (9 U/g, 50 °C, 10 h) and stored at 4 °C for 24 h.
Identification and characterisation of PRXamide peptides in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis
Authors: Yun Seung‐Hwan , Jang Hyo Sang , Ahn Seung‐Joon , Price Briana E. , Hasegawa Daniel K. , Choi Man‐Yeon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInsect CAPA‐PVK (periviscerokinin) and pyrokinin (PK) neuropeptides belong to the PRX family peptides and are produced from capa and pyrokinin genes. We identified and characterised the two genes from the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. The capa gene transcribes three splice variants, capa‐a, ‐b, and ‐c, encoding two CAPA‐PVKs (EVQGLFPFPRVamide; QGLIPFPRVamide) and two PKs (ASWMPSSSPRLamide; DSASFTPRLamide). The pyrokinin mRNA encodes three PKs: DLVTQVLQPGQTGMWFGPRLamide, SEGNLVNFTPRLamide, and ESGEQPEDLEGSMGGAATSRQLRTDSEPTWGFSPRLamide, the most extended pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) ortholog in insects. Multiple potential endoproteolytic cleavage sites were presented in the prepropeptides from the pyrokinin gene, creating ambiguity to predict mature peptides. To solve this difficulty, we used three G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) for CAPA‐PVK, tryptophan PK (trpPK), and PK peptides, and evaluated the binding affinities of the peptides. The binding activities revealed each subfamily of peptides exclusively bind to their corresponding receptors, and were significant for determining the CAPA‐PVK and PK peptides. Our biological method using specific GPCRs would be a valuable tool for determining mature peptides, particularly with multiple and ambiguous cleavage sites in those prepropeptides. Both capa and pyrokinin mRNAs were strongly expressed in the head/thorax, but minimally expressed in the abdomen. The two genes also were clearly expressed during most of the life stages. Whole‐mounting immunocytochemistry revealed that neurons contained PRXamide peptides throughout the whole‐body: four to six neurosecretory cells in the head, and three and seven pairs of immunostained cells in the thorax and abdomen, respectively. Notably, the unusual PRXamide profiles of Thysanoptera are different from the other insect groups.
Study of CO2 permeation in Zn2+‐modified Al2O3‐carbonate membrane
Authors: Qu Liu , Papaioannou Evangelos I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMolten carbonate‐based membranes for CO2 capture have received attentions because of their high CO2 selectivity, potential energy‐saving capability and environmental friendliness. Zn2+‐modified Al2O3/carbonates membranes with the enhanced CO2 permeability have been developed in this work. Interfaces of LiAlO2 were formed on the surface of Al2O3 due to the carbonates incorporation. Microstructural and interfacial characterisation of the membrane revealed that the outermost LiAlO2 layer was due to the reactions between Li2CO3 and ZnAl2O4, resulting in the dissolution of ZnO in the molten carbonate. CO2 permeability of 0.5% ZnAl2O4/Al2O3/carbonates reached 9.12 × 10−12 mol.m−1s−1 Pa−1 at 700°C, higher than that of Al2O3/carbonates, because of the dissolved ZnO. With the increase of ZnAl2O4, CO2 permeability was decreased. The dissolved ZnO in the molten carbonates could enhance the ionic conductivity, whereas a higher amount of ZnO than its solubility will attenuate its effects on CO2 permeation.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: A cross‐sectional analysis of characteristics, early discontinuation, and reporting results
Authors: Bao Wuyongga , Long Youlin , Huang Jiayan , Liao Min , Yang Jie , Du Liang , Lu Qiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveContrast‐enhanced ultrasound offers numerous potential applications in diagnostic and interventional radiology. However, systematic studies on the status of clinical studies are limited. Hence, the aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of registered contrast‐enhanced ultrasound studies on ClinicalTrials.gov and identify features associated with early discontinuation and results reporting.MethodsA data set containing all contrast‐enhanced ultrasound clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov registered was downloaded. Then, a cross‐sectional descriptive study of clinical contrast‐enhanced ultrasound studies was conducted. Cox and logistic regression of early discontinuation and reported results, respectively, were also performed.ResultsA total of 225 studies were identified; 174 were interventional and 51 were observational. Regarding the outcomes measure, 175 (77.78%) were diagnosis‐oriented, and the remaining 50 (22.22%) were interventional radiology studies. The most common regions of interest were abdominal (56%), superficial (14.22%), or vascular (7.11%) organs. As of the contrast agents, SonoVue/Lumason (39.11%) was most frequently used, followed by Definity (20.89%) and Sonazoid (8.89%). Of all contrast‐enhanced ultrasound studies, 32 (14.22%) were discontinued early, and 29 (12.89%) completed studies reported their results. Cox regression analysis revealed that a large sample size and US registration were factors reducing early discontinuation risk. Among completed studies, factors associated with reported results were industry funding and US registration.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the number of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound studies has grown over time, but is still small. Developing new advancements in contrast‐enhanced ultrasound will require a concerted effort to increase the quality and quantity of clinical studies in this field.