bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Frequencies of Physical Therapy Visits on Shoulder Function After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Demirci Serdar , Kara Dilara , Yıldız Taha İbrahim , Eraslan Leyla , Uysal Özgün , Sevinç Ceyda , Ulusoy Burak , Gazeloğlu Ali Okan , Turgut Elif , Huri Gazi , Turhan Egemen , Düzgün İrem 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
There is no consensus about the optimal frequency of patient visits during the rehabilitation program after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). This study aimed to investigate the short- and long-term effects of high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) visits of the patients in the first 12 weeks of rehabilitation after ARCR.

Methods
This was a quasi-randomized study with 2 parallel groups. Forty-seven patients with ARCR were included in 2 different patient visit frequency protocols (HF = 23, LF = 24) in 12 weeks of postoperative rehabilitation. Patients in the HF group visited the clinic twice a week, whereas patients in the LF group visited once every 2 weeks for the first 6 weeks and once a week for the following 6 weeks. Both groups performed the same exercise protocol. Outcome measurements were pain and range of motion measured at baseline; at the 3rd, 5th, 8th, 12th, and 24th weeks; and at 1-year follow-up. Shoulder function was assessed at the 12th and 24th weeks and at 1-year follow-up with an American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score.

Results
There was a significant group × time interaction in pain intensity during the activity between the groups. The activity pain intensity was higher in the LF group (4.2 points) at 8 weeks post surgery than in the HF group (2.7 points) (mean difference: 1.5 points, P &lt; .05), whereas it was similar in both groups at other time periods. The interaction term was not significant between the groups for pain intensity during rest and night through the 1-year follow-up. No group × time interactions were observed in shoulder range of motion and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score over the postoperative period.

Conclusion
Both rehabilitation programs at different visit frequencies after ARCR showed similar clinical results in the long term. A supervised, controlled rehabilitation program with LF visits in the first 12 weeks after surgery can be sufficient to achieve optimal clinical results and reduce rehabilitation-related costs after ARCR.

Impact
This study highlights that LF treatment protocols under the supervision of the therapist can be adopted after the arthroscopic rotator cuff repair to achieve successful results while decreasing the treatment costs. Physical therapists should plan the treatment sessions efficiently for the compliance of the patients to the exercise treatment.

Lay Summary
If you are a patient with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, a supervised, controlled rehabilitation program with low-frequency visits in the first 12 weeks after surgery could help you achieve the best outcome and help lower the costs of rehabilitation. A total of 3 visits in the first 6 weeks might be sufficient (once every 2 weeks). More frequent visits (1–2 visits a week) should happen 6 to 12 weeks after the surgery.
Streptococcus gallolyticus pasteurianus, Penicillin-Sensitive Bacteremia, Which Developed During Concommtent Amoxicillin Treatment and After an ENEMA
Authors: Novotny William E. , Dalzell William A. B. , Syed Salma 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Streptococcus gallolyticus pasteurianus (SGP) is normal flora in the human bowel but is seldom a pathogen in the setting of immunocompetency. A 14-month-old healthy child instrumented with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt developed acute otitis media and had a tap water enema administered for constipation. By report, fevers persisted and clinical signs of meningitis and peritonitis appeared. After 9 days of high-dose amoxicillin therapy, increased fever prompted a blood culture, which grew penicillin-susceptible SGP. Aseptic meningitis was discovered on lumbar puncture. The ventriculoperitoneal shunt was removed and was sterile for bacterial growth. Irritability and fever quickly resolved. High-dose amoxicillin treatment was ineffective in prevention of penicillin-sensitive SGP bacteremia and development of presumed SGP meningitis. Enemas in children with constipation may predispose to infectious complications from this gut flora organism from bacterial translocation or from rectal wall perforation.
Predictors of Positive Repeat Blood Cultures in Patients With Gram-Negative Bacilli Bacteremia
Authors: Gao Daniel , Ek Juliann , George Emily , Ewing Paige , Oravec Michael , Myers Joseph P 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Bloodstream infections occur commonly in the United States and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Bacteremia caused by gram-positive organisms has established guidelines for the use of follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs), whereas the use of FUBCs in bacteremia due to gram-negative bacilli (GNBs) does not. One study showed that positive FUBCs were more common in gram-positive coccus bacteremia (21%) than in GNB bacteremia (6%), calling into question the overall clinical utility of using FUBCs in GNB bacteremia. We investigated the factors associated with positive FUBCs in patients with GNB bacteremia in our institution to better guide clinical practice.

Methods
We used a case-control design for this study. We included patients 18 years or older admitted to our hospitals between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018, for a duration of ≥24 hours and who had a positive blood culture (BC) for GNB. Cases were defined as any patient with a positive FUBC drawn ≥24 hours after the initial positive BC. Control subjects were defined as patients with a negative FUBC after an initial positive BC. Characteristics of cases and control subjects were compared using descriptive statistics. A multivariable regression model using stepwise variable selection was used to identify factors significantly associated with having a positive FUBC.

Results
We identified 70 cases meeting the inclusion criteria. We compared these 70 cases with 528 control subjects. The cases and control subjects did not differ significantly in age, sex, race, or other predefined comorbid conditions. Significant predictors for having a positive FUBC included (1) organism resistance to initial antibiotic therapy (odds ratio [OR], 3.26; P = 0.035), (2) glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min (OR, 2.35; P = 0.010), (3) initial admission to critical care unit (OR, 1.72; P = 0.049), (4) central line–associated infection (OR, 3.99; P = 0.004), (5) Klebsiella group infection (OR, 2.18; P = 0.015), and (6) Serratia marcescens infection (OR, 3.53; P = 0.037). Initial discordant BC was a negative predictive factor (OR, 0.44; P = 0.018). Follow-up blood culture drawn more than 48 hours after the initial positive BC had a lower likelihood of being positive than those drawn 24 to 48 hours after the initial BC (OR, 0.59; P = 0.037).

Discussion
We identified 6 independent risk factors for positive FUBCs as delineated previously. These factors provide guidance for further research and for future guideline development. The timing of the FUBCs had a significant impact on positivity. Follow-up blood cultures in GNB bacteremia should be obtained more than 48 hours after the initial positive BC.
Cystatin C loaded in brain-derived extracellular vesicles rescues synapses after ischemic insultin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Gui Yuqi , Kim Yohan , Brenna Santra , Wilmes Maximilian , Zaghen Giorgio , Kuchenbecker-Pöls Lennart , Voß Hannah , Gocke Antonia , Schlüter Hartmut , Schweizer Michaela , Altmeppen Hermann C. , Magnus Tim , Levy Efrat , Puig Berta 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTSynaptic loss is an early event in the undersupplied but not yet irreversibly injured penumbra area after an ischemic stroke. Promoting synaptic preservation in this area would likely improve functional neurological recovery. In the present study, we aimed to detect proteins involved in endogenous protection mechanisms of synapses in the penumbra after stroke and to analyse the potential beneficial effect of these candidates for a prospective stroke treatment. For this, we performed Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)-based proteomics of synaptosomes isolated from the ipsilateral hemispheres of mice subjected to experimental stroke at different time points (24 h, 4 and 7 days) and compared them to sham-operated mice. Proteomic analyses indicated that among the differentially expressed proteins between the two groups, cystatin C (CysC) was significantly increased at 24 h and 4 days following stroke, before returning to steady-state levels at 7 days, thus indicating a potential transient and intrinsic rescue mechanism attempt of neurons. When CysC was applied to primary neuronal cultures subjected to anin vitromodel of ischemic damage, this treatment significantly improved the preservation of synaptic structures. Notably, similar effects were observed when CysC was loaded into brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs). Finally, when CysC contained in BDEVs was administered intracerebroventricularly to stroked mice, it significantly increased the expression of synaptic markers such as SNAP25, Homer-1, and NCAM in the penumbra area compared to the group supplied with empty BDEVs. Thus, we show that CysC-loaded BDEVs promote synaptic protection after ischemic damagein vitroandin vivo, opening the possibility of a therapeutic use in stroke patients.
A screening strategy based on two zebrafish eleuthero-embryo OECD test guidelines for the hazard assessment of chemicals: case of some bisphenol substitutes
Authors: Christophe Armelle , Piccini Benjamin , Hinfray Nathalie , Chadili Edith , Maillot-Marechal Emmanuelle , Cousin Xavier , Blanc Mélanie , Charlier Thierry , Pandard Pascal , Aït-Aïssa Selim , Brion François 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThe use of efficient screening strategies for the hazard assessment of chemicals is a current challenge to support regulatory requirements. Herein, we combined two eleuthero-embryo assays, a refined Fish Embryo Toxicity assay (OECD TG 236) and the EASZY assay (OECD TG 250), both using transgenic (tg) (cyp19a1b:GFP). The simultaneous performance of both assays provides complementary information about the acute toxicity, developmental effects, and estrogenic activity. A refined EASZY assay is however necessary to obtain accurate EC50. In this work we compared bisphenol A (BPA) and ten of its substitutes. In the refined FET, most of the selected bisphenols were more toxic than BPA, induced developmental effects on zebrafish embryos, some being identified as teratogenic compounds (BPF, BPS-MAE, BPC Cl, 4,4’ODP), and ten of them induced GFP intensity. Endocrine activity of the BPs was further investigated in the EASZY assay at concentrations that do not affect the survival and the hatching rates or induce developmental toxicity based on the target concentrations used as previously defined in the refined FET. All bisphenols elicited an estrogenic activity with the notable exception of TCBPA. Most BPs were more estrogenic than BPA, acted as agonist ligands of zfERβ2 as shown in zebrafish-specific in vitro reporter gene assay and functional zfERs were required to induce brain aromatase. Interestingly, BPS-MAE and BPS-MPE behave as pro-estrogens as they were unable to transactivate zebrafish ERβ2in vitrobut induced brain aromatasein vivo. Overall, the implementation of the zebrafish eleuthero embryo-based screening strategy efficiently provided relevant data contributing to their environmental hazard. It also provides further evidence that bisphenols modulatecyp19a1bexpression during early brain development whom potential short and long-term adverse effects need to be addressed.SYNOPSISa zebrafish eleuthero embryo-screening strategy based on OECD TGs was implemented for an efficient hazard assessment of bisphenols revealing that most of them are more toxic and/or estrogenic than BPA
Estimating Insulin Sensitivity and Beta-Cell Function from the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: Validation of a new Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion (ISS) Model
Authors: Ha Joon , Chung Stephanie T. , Springer Max , Kim Joon Young , Chen Phil , Cree Melanie G. , Behn Cecilia Diniz , Sumner Anne E. , Arslanian Silva , Sherman Arthur S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEfficient and accurate methods to estimate insulin sensitivity (SI) and beta-cell function (BCF) are of great importance for studying the pathogenesis and treatment effectiveness of type 2 diabetes. Many methods exist, ranging in input data and technical requirements. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) are preferred because they are simpler and more physiological. However, current analytical methods for OGTT-derived SIand BCF also range in complexity; the oral minimal models require mathematical expertise for deconvolution and fitting differential equations, and simple algebraic models (e.g., Matsuda index, insulinogenic index) may produce unphysiological values. We developed a new ISS (Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity) model for clinical research that provides precise and accurate estimates of SI and BCF from a standard OGTT, focusing on effectiveness, ease of implementation, and pragmatism. The model was developed by fitting a pair of differential equations to glucose and insulin without need of deconvolution or C-peptide data. The model is derived from a published model for longitudinal simulation of T2D progression that represents glucose-insulin homeostasis, including post-challenge suppression of hepatic glucose production and first- and second-phase insulin secretion. The ISS model was evaluated in three diverse cohorts including individuals at high risk of prediabetes (adult women with a wide range of BMI and adolescents with obesity). The new model had strong correlation with gold-standard estimates from intravenous glucose tolerance tests and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. The ISS model has broad clinical applicability among diverse populations because it balances performance, fidelity, and complexity to provide a reliable phenotype of T2D risk.
Immunorecognition ofStreptococcus mutanssecreted proteins protects against caries by limiting tooth adhesion
Authors: Bender Omer , Khoury Jessica , Hirsch Gal , Weinberg Evgeny , Sagy Naor , Buller Shani , Lapides-Levy Shiri , Blumer Sigalit , Bar Daniel Z. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChildhood caries, a chronic disease affecting 60–90% of children in industrialized countries, results in lesions in primary and permanent dentition, leading to hospitalizations, emergency room visits, high treatment costs, and loss of school days. It diminishes the child’s ability to learn and increases the risk of caries in adulthood. Despite multiple risk factors for caries, significant interpersonal variability unaccounted for by these factors exists. The immune system generates a personal antibody repertoire that helps maintain a balanced and healthy oral microbiome.Streptococcus mutansis a key bacterium in caries development. Utilizing mass-spectrometry, we examined whichS. mutansproteins are identified by antibodies of children with and without caries and identified a core set of proteins recognizable by the immune system of most individuals. This set was enriched with proteins enabling bacterial adhesion. To study the physiological relevance of these findings, we tested the ability of saliva to preventS. mutansadherence to tooth surfaces. Saliva from caries-free individuals, but not children with caries, was found to hinder the binding ofS. mutansto teeth. These findings delineate theS. mutansproteome targeted by the immune system and suggest that the inhibition of bacterial adherence to teeth is a primary mechanism employed by the immune system to maintain oral balance and prevent caries formation. These discoveries offer fresh insights into the immune system’s role in preserving oral health and preventing caries development. TargetingS. mutansproteins implicated in bacterial adhesion could be a promising strategy for preventing childhood caries.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genome Evolutionary Patterns
Authors: Gupta Shubhangi , Gupta Deepanshu , Bhatnagar Sonika 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThe spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus accompanied by availability of abundant sequence data publicly, provides a window for determining the spatio-temporal patterns of viral evolution in response to vaccination. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences were collected from seven countries in the period January 2020-December 2022. The sequences were classified into three phases, namely: pre-vaccination, post-vaccination, and recent period. Comparison was performed between these phases based on parameters like mutation rates, selection pressure (dN/dS ratio), and transition to transversion ratios (Ti/Tv). Similar comparisons were performed among SARS-CoV-2 variants. Statistical significance was tested using Graphpad unpaired t-test. The comparative analysis showed an increase in the percent genomic mutation rates post-vaccination and in recent periods across different countries from the pre-vaccination phase. The dN/dS ratios showed positive selection that increased after vaccination, and the Ti/Tv ratios decreased after vaccination. C→U and G→U were the most frequent transitions and transversions in all the countries. However, U→G was the most frequent transversion in recent period. The Omicron variant had the highest genomic mutation rates, while Delta showed the highest dN/dS ratio. Mutation rates were highest in NSP3, S, N and NSP12b before and increased further after vaccination. NSP4 showed the largest change in mutation rates after vaccination. N, ORF8, ORF3a and ORF10 were under highest positive selection before vaccination. They were overtaken by E, S and NSP1 in the after vaccination as well as recent sequences, with the largest change observed in NSP1. Protein-wise dN/dS ratio was also seen to vary across the different variants.ImportanceIrrespective of the different vaccine technologies used, geographical regions and host genetics, variations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome have maintained similar patterns worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, there exists no other large-scale study of the genomic and protein-wise mutation patterns during the time course of evolution in different countries. Analysing the SARS-CoV-2 evolution patterns in response to spatial, temporal, and biological signals is important for diagnostics, therapeutics, and pharmacovigilance of SARS-CoV-2.
A genome-wide overexpression screen revealsMycobacterium smegmatisgrowth inhibitors encoded by mycobacteriophage Hammy
Authors: Amaya Isabel , Edwards Kaylia , Wise Bethany M. , Bhattacharyya Ankita , Pablo Clint H. D. , Mushrush Ember , Coats Amber N. , Dao Sara , Dittmar Grace , Gore Taylor , Jarva Taiya M. , Kenkebashvili Giorgi , Rathan-Kumar Sudiksha , Reyes Gabriella M. , Watts Garrett L. , Watts Victoria Kalene , Dubrow Deena , Lewis Gabrielle , Stone Benjamin H. , Xue Bingjie , Cresawn Steven G. , Mavrodi Dmitri , Sivanathan Viknesh , Heller Danielle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring infection, bacteriophages produce diverse gene products to overcome bacterial anti-phage defenses, to outcompete other phages, and take over cellular processes. Even in the best-studied model phages, the roles of most phage-encoded gene products are unknown, and the phage population represents a largely untapped reservoir of novel gene functions. Considering the sheer size of this population, experimental screening methods are needed to sort through the enormous collection of available sequences and identify gene products that can modulate bacterial behavior for downstream functional characterization. Here, we describe the construction of a plasmid-based overexpression library of 94 genes encoded by Hammy, a Cluster K mycobacteriophage closely related to those infecting clinically important mycobacteria. The arrayed library was systematically screened in a plate-based cytotoxicity assay, identifying a diverse set of 24 gene products (representing 25% of the Hammy genome) capable of inhibiting growth of the host bacteriumMycobacterium smegmatis. Half of these are related to growth inhibitors previously identified in related phage Waterfoul, supporting their functional conservation; the other genes represent novel additions to the list of known anti-mycobacterial growth inhibitors. This work, conducted as part of the HHMI-supported Science Education Alliance Gene-function Elucidation by a Network of Emerging Scientists (SEA-GENES) project, highlights the value of parallel, comprehensive overexpression screens in exploring genome-wide patterns of phage gene function and novel interactions between phages and their hosts.
Improved geometric accuracy in single-point incremental forming of aerospace superalloy 625 using Taguchi desirability function analysis
Authors: Bishnoi Pawan , Chandna Pankaj 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
This present research aims to identify the optimum process parameters for enhancing geometric accuracy in single-point incremental forming of aviation-grade superalloy 625.

Design/methodology/approach
The geometric accuracy has been measured in terms of half-cone-angle, concentricity, roundness and wall-straightness errors. The Taguchi Orthogonal-Array L9 with desirability-function-analysis has been used to achieve improved accuracy.

Findings
To achieve maximum geometric accuracy, the optimum setting having a tooltip diameter of 10 mm, a step-size of 0.2 mm and a tool rotation speed (TRS) of 900 RPM has been derived. With this setting, the half-cone-angle accuracy increases by 42.96%, the concentricity errors decrease by 47.36%, the roundness errors decline by 45.2% and the wall straightness errors reduce by 1.06%.

Practical implications
Superalloy 625 is a widespread nickel-based alloy, finding enormous applications in aerospace, marine and chemical industries.

Originality/value
It has been recommended to increase TRS, reduce step-size and use moderate size tooltip diameter to enhance geometric accuracy. Step-size has been found to be the governing parameter among all the parameters.