bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple neural network approaches, including use of topological data analysis, enhances classification of human induced pluripotent stem cell colonies by treatment condition
Authors: Ruys de Perez Alexander , Anderson Paul E. , Dimitrova Elena S. , Kemp Melissa L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding how stem cells organize to form early tissue layers remains an important open question in developmental biology. Helpful in understanding this process are biomarkers or features that signal when a significant transition or decision occurs. We show such features from the spatial layout of the cells in a colony are sufficient to train neural networks to classify stem cell colonies according to differentiation protocol treatments each colony has received. We use topological data analysis to derive input information about the cells’ positions to a four-layer feedforward neural network. We find that despite the simplicity of this approach, such a network has performance similar to the traditional image classifier ResNet. We also find that network performance may reveal the time window during which differentiation occurs across multiple conditions.Author summaryOur understanding of how stem cells determine what specialized cells to differentiate into is still incomplete. One aspect of understanding this process involves identifying when key decisions about a cell’s fate occur. We explored whether by looking at the layout of the cells of the colony, we can infer knowledge regarding the eventual phenotypes the cells are differentiating towards. We train an algorithm to recognize cell type using spatial information by taking as input the number and size of holes that appear among the colony’s cells. We find this method succeeds in its classification, similar to an industry-grade image classifier.
Advanced Manufacturing of Coil-Reinforced Multilayer Vascular Grafts to Optimize Biomechanical Performance
Authors: Robinson Andrew , Jiang David , Nkansah Abbey , Herrera Duran Juan S. , Leung Jonathan , Laude Madeline , Craig John , Guo Leopold , Timmins Lucas , Cosgriff-Hernandez Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSmall diameter vascular grafts require a complex balance of biomechanical properties to achieve target burst pressure, arterial compliance-matching, and kink resistance to prevent failure. Iterative design of our multilayer vascular was previously used to achieve high compliance while retaining the requisite burst pressure and suture retention strength for clinical use. To impart kink resistance, a custom 3D solution printer was used to add a polymeric coil to the electrospun polyurethane graft to support the graft during bending. The addition of this reinforcing coil increased kink resistance but reduced compliance. A matrix of grafts were fabricated and tested to establish key structure-property relationships between coil parameters (spacing, diameter, modulus) and biomechanical properties (compliance, kink radius). A successful graft design was identified with a compliance similar to saphenous vein grafts (4.1 ± 0.4 %/mmHgx10-2) while maintaining comparable kink resistance to grafts used currently in the clinic. To explore graft combinations that could increase graft compliance to match arterial values while retaining this kink resistance, we utilized finite element (FE) models of compliance and kink radius that simulated experimental testing. The FE-predicted graft compliance agreed well with experimental values. Although the kink model over-predicted the experimental kink radius values, key trends between graft parameters and kink resistance were reproduced. As an initial proof-of-concept, the validated models were then utilized to parse through a targeted graft design space. Although this initial parameter range tested did not yield a graft that improved upon the previous balance of graft properties, this combination of advanced manufacturing and computational framework paves the way for future model-driven design to further optimize graft performance.TOC
Feasibility and effectiveness of a smartwatch-based intervention program for ameliorating depressive symptoms: a pilot-study
Authors: Tamm Jeanette , Brendler Andy , Bauer Anastasia , Gordon Janina , Strauss Daniela , Brinkmann Ronja , Degmayr Raphael , Pfahl Daniel , Friedrichs Markus , Schwind Julia , Spoormaker Victor 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveDepression remains one of the most critical healthcare concerns worldwide. While increasing patient numbers inevitably lead to a greater need for treatment, resources to adequately match this demand are limited. Digital technologies hold promises to complement standard therapeutic approaches such as psychotherapy, thereby alleviating the strain on an increasingly burdened healthcare system. This study aimed at testing a new comprehensive smartwatch-based digital intervention program administered for 12 weeks in depressed patients to aid therapeutic progression and symptom relief.MethodsSeventeen mildly to moderately depressed patients receiving the smartwatch-based intervention were compared to an existing, retrospective control group (35 patients). The intervention program comprised behavioral activation, cognitive-behavioral intervention for insomnia and physical activity interventions. Intervention effects on the reduction of depression severity, measured by the PHQ-9, were investigated using a repeated measure analysis of variance (rmANOVA).ResultsThe rmANOVA showed a significant group x time interaction for the PHQ-9 scores,F(1, 50) = 7.21,p= 0.010, with post-hoc t-tests revealing group differences after but not before the intervention.ConclusionThis study suggests that smartwatch-based interventions are feasible and effective in reducing mild to moderate depressive symptoms and could therefore be a promising stand-alone or complementary intervention to psychotherapy. Further research with a randomized controlled trial is required to validate these results.
High-resolution computational modeling of Transcranial Photobiomodulation: Light propagation and thermal effects
Authors: Guillen Alexander R , Truong Dennis Q , Faria Paula Cristina , Pryor Brian , de Taboada Luis , Datta Abhishek 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial Photobiomodulation (tPBM) is the non-invasive application of light to modulate underlying brain activity. There is increasing interest in evaluating tPBM as a therapeutic option. The typical technological questions are extent of light penetration and associated tissue temperature increases. Limited computational efforts to quantify these aspects are restricted to simplified models.MethodsWe consider a 3D high-resolution (1 mm) anatomically realistic head model to simulate tPBM at 800 nm wavelength and using power densities spanning three decades (10, 100, and 1,000) mW/cm2. The intended target was the F3 region. We also tested time-variant application at 100 mW/cm2for up to 20 minutes. Finally, tissue temperature rises for the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) safety limit of 330 mW/cm2was also investigated at a test case.ResultsOur predictions reveal that the induced cortical irradiance is largely focal demarcated by the shape and extent of the source. Around 1% of the injected irradiance reaches the gray matter. Aligned with previous efforts, the scalp accounts for the greatest loss (∼65%). The irradiance reduces to a hundredth of the value from gray matter at ∼113 mm perpendicular distance from its surface. There is a growing halo-like effect at the level of CSF which is extended down to the underlying cortex. The CSF was found to be mainly responsible for this effect. We observe scalp temperature increases of 0.38°C and 3.76°C for 100 and 1,000 mW/cm2power density, respectively. The corresponding brain temperature increases are predicted to be 0.06°C and 0.57°C. As expected, irradiance absorption is linear with applied power density. While maximum induced scalp temperature increases linearly with power density, maximum brain temperature increases less slowly with power density. Transient analysis at 100 mW/cm2power density demonstrates expected scalp temperature rise with increasing stimulation duration. Temperature rises asymptote in ∼ 10 minutes.ConclusionstPBM presents unique potential to directly impose desired spatial profile using simple alteration of shape and size of the source. Usage of power density of 1,000 mW/cm2exceeds scalp and brain temperature safety limits. Contrary to prior reports, light penetration can exceed >10 cm from gray matter surface.
Actomyosin and the Arp2/3 Complex Are Involved in the Internalization of Cellulose Synthase Complexes
Authors: Xu Liyuan , Zhang Weiwei , Huang Lei , Zhang Chunhua , Staiger Christopher J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe coupling of exo- and endocytic trafficking of Cellulose Synthase Complexes (CSCs) has been proposed to be important for maintaining the population of active CSCs at the plasma membrane (PM) and thus appropriate levels of cell wall assembly. Although actin and myosin are known to participate in the late stages of exocytosis of CSCs, their exact role during CSC internalization events remains controversial. We constructed a functional, photoconvertible fluorescent mEOS2-CESA6 reporter and developed single-particle live-cell imaging approaches to visualize and quantify the dynamic behavior of CSCs at the PM during internalization. Using the small molecule inhibitor of clathrin, Endosidin 9-17 or ES9-17, we confirmed that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a major pathway for CSC internalization. We also found that the actin cytoskeleton is involved in CSC internalization. Genetic or chemical inhibition of actin, myosin, or the Arp2/3 complex significantly reduced the frequency of CSC internalization events and prolonged the CSC pause time prior to internalization. Additionally, we found that the Arp2/3 complex contributes to the late stage of exocytosis of CSCs into the PM. These results reveal a role for actomyosin and the Arp2/3 complex in both CSC secretion as well as internalization that was previously undescribed in plant cells.One sentence summaryDirect visualization of individual CSC internalization events reveals that actomyosin participates in CSC internalization and the Arp2/3 complex contributes to both exocytosis and internalization of CSCs through regulating the dynamic homeostasis of the cortical actin cytoskeleton.
Biocircuitry linked to exercise adaptations: impact of dose and inter-individual response heterogeneity
Authors: McAdam Jeremy S. , Craig Michael P. , Graham Zachary A. , Peoples Brandon , Tuggle S. Craig , Seay Regina S. , Lavin Kaleen M. , Sullivan Amber B. , O’Bryan Samia M. , Yang Sufen , Drummer Devin J. , Kelley Christian J. , Peri Kalyani , Bell Margaret B. , Aban Inmaculada , Cutter Gary R. , Mahyari Arash , Wen Yuan , Zhang Jin , Hira Akshay , Broderick Timothy J. , Kadakia Madhavi , Bamman Marcas M. 
Published: January 2025

SummaryIn a randomized, dose-response trial, we used molecular and phenomic profiling to compare responses to traditional (TRAD) endurance plus resistance training and high-intensity tactical training (HITT). Ninety-four participants (18-27 years) completed 12 weeks of TRAD or HITT followed by 4 weeks of detraining. Whilein vivophenotype improvements were not dose-dependent, a few dose-dependentex vivomuscle adaptations were overshadowed by wide-ranging inter-individual response heterogeneity (IRH). To address this, we established minimum clinically important difference (MCID) scores to classify participants by their attainment of MCIDs for functional muscle quality (fMQ) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Using differential gene expression (DGE) of muscle and exosomal microRNAs (miRs) and higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD), we mapped the molecular and phenomic biocircuitry of IRH. Nine miRs emerged as robust features of training adaptability, providing new insights into the integrated biocircuitry driving exercise adaptations and response heterogeneity.In briefWe examinedin vivoandex vivoadaptations to two randomized exercise prescriptions. Individual response variability overshadowed dose dependent effects. Deep phenotyping and miR transcriptomics of serum exosomes and skeletal muscle enabled multidimensional modeling of integrated biocircuits linked to attaining clinically significant outcomes.
Combinations comprising dual β-lactams and a β-lactamase inhibitor achieve optimal synergistic inhibition ofMycobacterium abscessusgrowth
Authors: Rimal Binayak , Xie Yi , Panthi Chandra M. , Devlin Kaylyn L. , Beatty Kimberly E. , Lamichhane Gyanu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe historical model, which posits that β-lactams inhibit bacterial growth while β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) merely protect β-lactams from enzymatic degradation, fails to fully explain their activity againstMycobacterium abscessus(Mab). This study demonstrates that synergistic effects extend beyond the traditional one β-lactam+one BLI paradigm, refuting the oversimplified mechanistic framework. First, β-lactam-based BLIs such as clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam exhibit intrinsic antibacterial activity againstMab. These agents synergized not only with β-lactams but also with one another, undermining their historical classification as mere β-lactamase inhibitors. The data indicate that their activity is not limited to inhibiting β-lactamases but extends to directly targeting critical bacterial processes. Second, dual β-lactam combinations exhibit synergism againstMabeven in the absence of BLIs. For example, despite being rapidly hydrolyzed by the native β-lactamase BlaMab, amoxicillin demonstrates strong synergism with β-lactams such as imipenem or ceftaroline. This suggests that the second β-lactam either acts as a functional BLI surrogate or targets complementary pathways. Supporting this, experiments using penicillin- and carbapenem-based probes revealed that β-lactams bind to multipleMabproteins simultaneously, reinforcing the idea that their synergy arises from targeting complementary essential proteins. Finally, triple combinations comprising dual β-lactam and one BLI, such as amoxicillin + ceftaroline + avibactam, achieved very high synergy, underscoring the complementary roles of dual β-lactams and BLIs. The evidence in this study necessitates a revised model that can more accurately explain the activities of β-lactams and BLIs and underscores the potential for optimizing β-lactam/BLI regimens againstMab.IMPORTANCEThis research challenges old assumptions about how antibiotics fight bacteria, particularlyMycobacterium abscessus(Mab), a tough-to-treat infection. Traditionally, β-lactam antibiotics were thought to stop bacterial growth, while β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) just protected them from breakdown. However, this study reveals that BLIs like clavulanic acid can work together with another BLI or β-lactam antibiotics for stronger effects. Surprisingly, even combinations comprising two BLIs can be highly effective, showing they target multiple critical bacterial processes simultaneously. Triple combinations—two β-lactams and one BLI—proved especially powerful. These findings overturn outdated ideas, offering a smarter way to use these drugs to combat difficult infections and save lives.
Social License Pressure and Public Support for the Lethal Control of Dingoes in Australia
Authors: Pearson A I , Cobb M L 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe lethal control of dingoes to protect livestock has been publicly funded since Australia was colonised. Although lethal dingo control had social license to operate (i.e., public support) from colonial settlers, there have been limited examinations into contemporary Australian opinions. This study explored predictive factors for Australian public support for lethal dingo control. It was hypothesised that higher social license pressure (perceptions of low procedural fairness, trust, and confidence in the government’s dingo management policies), positive attitudes toward Australian wildlife, and dog ownership would predict less support for lethal dingo control. Additionally, attitude towards Australian wildlife was predicted to mediate the relationship between social license pressure and support for lethal dingo control. Australian adults (N= 990, aged 18 – 83, 52% women) voluntarily completed an online survey, which included the Attitudes to Australian Wildlife scale and novel items. Results supported all hypotheses (p< .001). More Australians opposed lethal dingo control than supported it. Social license pressure, attitude towards Australian wildlife, and dog ownership significantly predicted support for lethal dingo control as hypothesised. Attitude towards Australian wildlife mediated the relationship between social license pressure and support for lethal dingo control with a large effect size (f2= 1.73). This study provides evidence of tenuous community support for the lethal control of dingoes. Given that a loss of social license would challenge Australia’s longstanding livestock practices, our findings are particularly useful for the proactive development of dingo management policies that the Australian public will support.HighlightsSupport for lethal dingo control was polarised, but more Australians were opposedUnfavourable public perception of dingo policies; increasing social license pressureDog owners demonstrated less support for lethal dingo control than non-dog ownersWildlife attitudes mediated social license and support for dingo control relationshipSocial license to operate for lethal dingo control is tenuous in Australia
Dynamics of microscale and nanoscale systems in the weak-memory regime: A mathematical framework beyond the Markov approximation
Authors: Brandner Kay 
Published: January 2025

The visible dynamics of small-scale systems are strongly affected by unobservable degrees of freedom, which can belong to either external environments or internal subsystems and almost inevitably induce memory effects. Formally, such inaccessible degrees of freedom can be systematically eliminated from essentially any microscopic model through projection operator techniques, which result in nonlocal time evolution equations. This article investigates how and under what conditions locality in time can be rigorously restored beyond the standard Markov approximation, which generally requires the characteristic timescales of accessible and inaccessible degrees of freedom to be sharply separated. Specifically, we consider nonlocal time evolution equations that are autonomous and linear in the variables of interest. For this class of models, we prove a mathematical theorem that establishes a well-defined weak-memory regime, where faithful local approximations exist, even if the relevant timescales are of comparable order of magnitude. The generators of these local approximations, which become exact in the long-time limit, are time independent and can be determined to arbitrary accuracy through a convergent perturbation theory in the memory strength, where the Markov generator is recovered in first order. For illustration, we work out three simple, yet instructive, examples covering coarse-grained Markov jump networks, semi-Markov jump processes, and generalized Langevin equations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Study of the atmospheric neutron radiation effects using compact laser-driven spallation neutron source
Authors: Wu Z. B. , Yao Y. L. , Shen X. F. , Li K. , Liu A. D. , He X. T. , Qiao B. 
Published: January 2025

We propose a laboratory accelerated test method for study of the atmospheric neutron radiation effects by using a compact laser-driven spallation neutron source (LDSNS). The LDSNS is obtained by injecting a GeV quasimonoenergetic proton beam accelerated by light-sail (LS) radiation pressure of intense lasers into a lead target. According to the LS scaling law, proton energy spectra can be regulated by adjusting the laser and foil target parameters, so that the neutron spectra at various atmospheric altitudes are well reproduced. Integrated PIC and MC simulations have verified the scheme (for that at altitude 12 km, laser intensity of 1022W/cm2 is required) and shown that the neutron fluence per laser shot is as high as 1.73×108n/cm2, equivalent to 3.7 year flux accumulation in atmosphere. Using the G4SEE toolkit, we estimate that the HM628128 SRAM may undergo an average of ten single event upsets per shot for the proposed laboratory test.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Neural quantum propagators for driven-dissipative quantum dynamics
Authors: Zhang Jiaji , Benavides-Riveros Carlos L. , Chen Lipeng 
Published: January 2025

Describing the dynamics of strong-laser driven open quantum systems is a very challenging task that requires the solution of highly involved equations of motion. While machine learning techniques are being applied with some success to simulate the time evolution of individual quantum states, their use to approximate time-dependent operators (that can evolve various states) remains largely unexplored. In this work, we develop driven (NQP), a universal neural network framework that solves driven-dissipative quantum dynamics by approximating propagators rather than wave functions or density matrices. NQP can handle arbitrary initial quantum states, adapt to various external fields, and simulate long-time dynamics, even when trained on far shorter time windows. Furthermore, by appropriately configuring the external fields, our trained NQP can be transferred to systems governed by different Hamiltonians. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by studying the spin-boson and the three-state transition Gamma models.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Extreme weather events and economic growth: empirical evidence from Africa
Authors: Insaidoo Michael , Kunawotor Mark Edem , Ahiabor Godson 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThe persistent occurrence of extreme weather events redirects both public and private resources, constrains economic expansion, employment opportunities and threatens the well-being of Africans. To provide an empirical econometric update, this study examines the unconditional effects of extreme weather events on economic growth. Also, it disaggregates weather events into floods and droughts to determine which is more consequential to economic growth. The paper further examines the distribution of economic growth at which extreme weather events may be more consequential.Design/methodology/approachThe study deploys the system generalized method of moments estimation strategy, in addition to the method of moment quantile regression.FindingsThe results show that extreme weather event is detrimental to economic growth. Among the types of weather events, the incidence of drought has a consequential impact on economic growth while floods do not.Practical implicationsThe gross implication of these findings is that policy makers and governments in Africa need to be proactive at least in devising robust adaptive capacities to combat extreme weather events. Also, more efforts need to be invested in understanding the adverse effects of extreme weather events on economic growth.Originality/valueThis study provides novel econometric evidence on the effects of extreme weather events on economic growth and disaggregates weather events into floods and droughts. In addition, the study examines the distributions of economic growth at which extreme weather events may be more consequential.