bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0145 Associations Among Childhood Stress, Actigraphy-Measured Sleep Efficiency, and Fasting Glucose Concentrations in Young Adults
Authors: Hart Thomas , Schwager Laura , Zucker Anna , Flores Mark , Moon Chooza , Thomas Emily , Jenkins Nathaniel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Psychosocial stress exposure during the first 18 years of life promotes adverse sleep and cardiometabolic health effects. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between childhood stress (CS), sleep efficiency (SE), and fasting glucose levels (FG) in young adulthood.

Methods
In 24 adults between the ages of 18 and 35 years (83% Female; mean±SD, age = 24±5 y), CS was assessed using a retrospective childhood stress assessment and averaged across reference ages of 5, 10, and 15 years old. FG concentrations were obtained from whole blood samples and SE was assessed using an actigraphy device (ActTrust2) worn on the wrist for 7 days, yielding ≥6 days of sleep data. Zero-order correlations were used to investigate the relationships among CS, SE, and FG. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the effect of CS and SE on FG controlling for sex. To explore preliminary indications of a mechanistic effect of SE on the link between CS and FG, ANCOVA analysis was used. Participants were grouped as either low CS (CS-low) or high CS (CS-high), and analyses were completed with sex as the only covariate and sex and SE as covariates, with FG as the outcome.

Results
CS was associated with FG (r=0.50, p=0.01) and SE (r=-0.41, p=0.47), and SE with FG (r=-0.45, p=0.03). The association of CS with FG (β=0.51, p=0.016) and SE (β=-0.43, p=0.046) remained with adjustment for sex. ANCOVA analyses confirmed the effect of CS on FG, where FG was higher in CS-high than CS-low with adjustment for sex (92.4±4.8 vs. 83.6±5.4 mg/dL; p=0.008). Additional adjustment for SE reduced the difference between CS-high and CS-low, but this difference remained significant (91.6±5.0 vs. 84.5±5.5 mg/dL; p=0.044).

Conclusion
CS is linked with elevated FG and low SE in young adults. Our preliminary data suggest that SE warrants further examination as a potential mechanism by which CS relates to FG, but larger sample sizes will be necessary to draw definitive conclusions.

Support (if any)
Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the NCATS of the NIH (UL1TR002537) and by the Injury Prevention Research Center through the CDC (R49 CE003095).
0149 Emotion Dysregulation and Sleep Disturbances in Trauma-Exposed College Students
Authors: Clark Jayne , Anderson Shayla , Messman Brett , Griffith Elizabeth , Briggs Madasen , Slavish Danica 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Trauma-exposed individuals are at risk of developing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which has been linked to both sleep disturbances and sleep-related daytime impairment. A growing body of literature suggests affective processes, such as negative and positive emotion regulation, may influence associations between PTSD and sleep. Therefore, our study aimed to examine if there was a direct effect of negative and positive emotion dysregulation on sleep disturbances and sleep-related impairment above the influence of PTSD symptoms.

Methods
Participants were 460 trauma-exposed college students (69.8% female; 62.0% White; Mage = 20.13 ± 2.94) recruited from the University of North Texas. Trauma exposure was assessed with the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5. Participants completed demographic questionnaires, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (excluding sleep-related questions), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation – Positive (DERS-P), the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance (PROMIS-SD), and Sleep-Related Impairment (PROMIS-SRI) Short Forms. Multiple regression models with robust standard errors were conducted to examine associations between both positive and negative emotion dysregulation on sleep disturbances and sleep-related impairment, covarying for PTSD symptoms, age, gender, race, and ethnicity.

Results
Greater negative emotion dysregulation was associated with greater sleep disturbances (b = 0.06, SE = 0.03, p = .015, ηp2 = 0.01) above the influence of positive emotion dysregulation, PTSD symptoms, age, gender, race, and ethnicity (R2 = 0.28). Greater negative emotion dysregulation was also associated with greater sleep-related impairments (b = 0.20, SE = 0.03, p &lt; .001, ηp2 = 0.08) above the influence of the same covariates (R2 = 0.31). Positive emotion dysregulation was not associated with sleep disturbances or sleep-related impairments.

Conclusion
Results suggest that more difficulty regulating negative emotions is linked to disturbed sleep among trauma-exposed individuals. Additional experimental work is needed to understand if regulating negative emotions via cognitive-behavioral strategies (e.g., mindfulness, cognitive restructuring) can lead to downstream improvements in sleep.

Support (if any)
0151 Modulating Emotion Regulation and the Late Positive Potential ERP Component through Sleep Extension
Authors: Kurdziel Laura , Seitchik Allison 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality reduces functional connectivity between prefrontal cortical networks and the amygdala, thus causing emotional dysregulation. In contrast, sleep extension in the form of napping has been shown to impact emotional memory consolidation and emotional reactivity. To date, however, the role of napping in adult emotion regulation has yet to be determined. We hypothesize that sleep extension in the form of a nap will improve emotion regulation abilities in healthy adults.

Methods
In this within-subjects design, participants completed an emotion regulation task following either a nap or an equivalent bout of wake time (separated by ~1 week, order counterbalanced). In the task, participants were shown negative and neutral IAPS pictures, and were instructed to suppress, maintain, or enhance their emotional experience. During the task, the late positive potential was assessed at Pz, a component that may reflect downstream neurobiological effects of amygdala activation.

Results
Participants were able to use the cognitive reappraisal strategy to alter their emotional valence (F(2,14)= 17.781, p&lt; 0.001, η2=0.718) and arousal (F(2,14),=36.995, p&lt; 0.001, η2=0.841) according to the instructions. While not significant due to small sample size, participants showed greater mean amplitude in the late LPP component (1,900-3,000ms) for negative images compared to neutral images (F(1,5)=3.165, p=0.135, η2=0.367), and in the wake condition compared to the nap condition (F(1,5)=2.894, p=0.150, η2=0.388). Following instructions, there was a non-significant interaction between condition and the maintain and suppress instructions (F(1,5)=2.357, p=0.185, η2=0.320); compared to the nap condition, in the wake condition participants averaged greater mean amplitude of the LPP (300-5,000ms) in the suppress condition.

Conclusion
Data from this study followed predicted directions that sleep extension in the form of a nap may help to improve emotion regulation by increasing top-down control of amygdalar activation.

Support (if any)
This work was supported by the Merrimack College Zampell Family Faculty Fellowship, and the Merrimack College START Program.
0152 Natural disaster experiences and their varying impact on sleep impairment
Authors: Myers Annika , Vieira Alyssa , Kim Jinu , Cifre Anthony , Rech Megan , Gonzalez Rogelio , Alfano Candice 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
As rates and severity of natural disasters increase due to climate change, it is crucial to consider their effects on mental health. Among Hurricane Katrina survivors, stressors experienced following the Hurricane, including financial losses, were more robustly predictive of rates of PTSD than traumatic experiences occurring during the Hurricane (Galea et al., 2008). Because sleep disturbance is intimately associated with trauma exposure and has been implicated in the etiology of PTSD, we examined relationships between experiences during and after Hurricane Harvey (a historic storm that hit Texas in 2017) and sleep disturbance in sample of college students impacted by the storm.

Methods
Undergraduate students (N = 191, age: M = 21.25, SD = 3.14) at the University of Houston completed online surveys 6-8 months after Hurricane Harvey. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms were measured using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, excluding sleep items. Participants also reported on experiences/events during, immediately after, and in the weeks/months following the Hurricane. Total traumatic experiences during the Hurricane (e.g., thinking oneself or others would get hurt or die) and stressful experiences after the storm (e.g., losing power, damage to car or property) were calculated. Financial stress was examined as a unique predictor. Analyses controlled for total traumatic life events measured with the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5.

Results
In a multiple linear regression model, we tested whether traumatic experiences during, stressors after, and financial stressors due to the Hurricane predicted global PSQI score, controlling for other traumatic life experiences and total PTS symptoms. The overall model was significant (R2 = 0.22, F (5,185) = 10.48, p &lt; .000). Traumatic experiences during the Hurricane (B = 0.37, p = 0.04), but not stressors (B = 0.02, p = 0.87) or financial stress (B = -0.29, p = 0.67) following the Hurricane significantly predicted poor sleep quality at present.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that among a sample of young adult college students impacted by Hurricane Harvey, traumatic experiences during the storm were the most robust predictor of sleep disturbance several months later even after accounting for PTS symptoms.

Support (if any)
0153 Overcommitment to work impacts the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and insomnia differently for physicians and nurses
Authors: Gustavsson Katarzyna , Smułek Daria , Wichniak Adam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Occupational stress is a predictor of sleep problems. Recovery from it by detaching yourself from work-related issues outside of work hours is crucial for sleep health. Shift workers, especially in healthcare, are at a higher risk of sleep problems, which may lead to fatigue and errors at work, impacting patient care. The aim of the study was to 1) verify whether overcommitment to work is a moderator of the relationship between occupational stress and insomnia symptoms, and 2) check if this moderation is impacted by an individual’s occupation – whether overcommitment impacts the relationship of occupational stress and insomnia symptoms the same way for the two biggest occupational groups in healthcare in Poland - physicians and nurses.

Methods
Participants provided information on their occupation and filled in the Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire (ERI) with the Overcommitment (OC) scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Using the PROCESS macro for SPSS, we conducted a moderated regression analysis to test a multiple moderation (Model 3).

Results
We gathered responses from 281 participants – 178 physicians and 103 nurses. The interaction of ERI and OC was not significant, but a three-way interaction (ERI*OC*occupation) was significant in predicting ISI score. The relationship between ERI and ISI was moderated by OC depending on a respondent’s occupation. For physicians as OC increased the relationship between ERI and ISI increased as well. For nurses as OC increased the relationship between ERI and ISI decreased.

Conclusion
This study showed that stress at work has the strongest relationship with insomnia when physicians ruminate over work problems, are easily overwhelmed with time pressure and are unable to unwind in their free time. However, when nurses obtain high scores on an overcommitment measure, they will experience sleep problems regardless of the level of occupational stress.

Support (if any)
This work was supported by the National Science Center in Poland under Grant 2019/33/N/HS6/02572.
0161 Structural Changes in Mood Domains During Sleep Deprivation and Recovery
Authors: Vattikuti Shashaank , Doty Tracy Jill , Balkin Thomas , Hughes John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Mood is known to vary as a function of sleep debt. Mood batteries often measure multiple, non-orthogonal domains. In the present study, the latent structure of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics Mood (ANAM-mood) battery was assessed during five different states of alertness. We present a novel scheme to evaluate changes in the structure of such batteries across conditions. It was hypothesized that the structure would change, with the greatest changes manifest during sleep deprivation.

Methods
The present analyses were conducted on data from a prior sleep deprivation study (n = 25 healthy young adults). We used the identity property of MANOVA. Given correlation matrices Σi and Σj, structural invariance was defined as Σi Σj-1 ≈ I (Identity). MANOVA statistic m was the largest eigenvalue of Σi Σj-1. Resampling was used to generate m-distributions within and between the five different alertness conditions - Rested, Sleep Deprived (SD) days 1 and 2, and Recovery days 1 and 2. In addition, the relative number of mood dimensions was estimated by the odds (via resampling) of two dimensions explaining 80% of the variance of Σi compared to Σj.

Results
The pairwise MANOVA-statistic revealed significant structural variations across conditions (p&lt; 0.001 for all comparisons). Significant differences included Rested vs SD1 and SD2. Recovery 1 showed the most pronounced differences to all conditions. Recovery 2 was like Recovery 1, but more like Rested than the prior day. The odds ratio of two-dimensions for Recovery 1 was much higher compared to all other conditions (OR: 2.4-245, p&lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Individuals respond differently to a mood survey across specific alertness conditions resulting in structural changes to the data. Wakefulness during recovery from severe sleep loss differs most significantly from all states, contrary to our hypothesis. This is important to consider when interpreting mood changes as measured by such batteries (including related Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory-II) during sleep studies. Follow up studies are needed to fully assess such effects and devise methods to account for them.

Support (if any)
This effort was fully supported by the Department of Defense Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP).
0163 Impact of cold-water hand immersion on cognitive performance and sleepiness during sleep inertia
Authors: Adkins Matthew , Cox Rebecca , Axelsson John , Wright Kenneth 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep inertia is a state of impaired cognitive performance upon awakening that dissipates with time awake. Manipulation of the distal-to-proximal skin temperature gradient using cold water has been hypothesized as a potential countermeasure to sleep inertia, but not previously explored (Krauchi et al., 2004). This study examined the effects of cold-water hand immersion on subsequent cognitive performance and sleepiness during sleep inertia.

Methods
Ten healthy adults (mean±standard deviation [SD] age 23.2±4.96 years; 6M, 4F) have thus far completed an ongoing 8-day protocol. Prior to an overnight in-laboratory visit, participants maintained habitual 8h sleep schedules for 1 week at home. In-laboratory sleep opportunities were timed to coincide with habitual sleep time. Following at least 5-min of electroencephalogram (EEG) verified continuous slow wave sleep (SWS), participants were awakened twice during the night to submerge their non-dominant hand in warm (34 C) or ice-cold water (0 C) for 3 min in a randomized, crossover design. Sleep inertia was assessed with a Mathematical Addition Test (ADD) and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) at ~ 5, 15, and 25 min after each awakening. Outcomes included number of correct responses and median reaction time for correct responses on the ADD and KSS scores. Data were analyzed with mixed-model ANOVA with condition, condition order and time since awakening as fixed factors and subject as a random factor.

Results
The average (Mean±SD) amount of SWS prior awakening was similar before the cold 7.0±2.3 min and warm 6.6±1.0min conditions (p&gt;0.10). Following cold water immersion, subjective sleepiness was reduced and the median reaction time for correct responses was faster compared with warm water immersion (main effects of condition, p’s&lt; 0.05). The number of correct responses was not significantly different between conditions, nor were there any significant interaction effects among the fixed factors.

Conclusion
These preliminary findings indicate that cold-water hand immersion may reduce sleepiness and increase the speed of arithmetic calculations during sleep inertia, which could have important implications for military and first responders performing after awakenings from sleep.

Support (if any)
Office of Naval Research MURI N00014-15-1-2809; NIH RHL165343A and CTSA Grant UL1 TR002535; Undergraduate Research Opportunities Grant, University of Colorado Boulder.
0168 The Role of Alertness (vs. Fatigue) in the Performance of Professional Criminal Investigators
Authors: Krizan Zlatan , Miller Anthony , Meissner Christian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Investigative interviews and interrogations are a critical component of official inquiries. However, how levels of alertness (vs. fatigue) of the interviewer impact performance during investigative interviews or their outcomes is unclear. To this end, the current effort aimed to estimate the impact of objectively estimated alertness on (1) deception detection across true and false alibi statements and (2) outcomes of real-life investigative interviews conducted by officers in the field.

Methods
To achieve the first goal, sets of 8 video-recorded alibi statements (each from a different individual, with half being true) were presented to 26 law-enforcement professionals (average age of 42, two-thirds male). Prior to judging the alibi statements on truthfulness, they completed the 5-min Psychomotor Vigilance Test and rated their sleepiness. To achieve the second goal, another study tracked daily fluctuations in alertness among investigators to predict their experiences with actual field interviews. Fifty law-enforcement investigators (mean age 42, 75% male) wore a sleep-activity tracker (Readiband) for two weeks while keeping a daily-diary of interviews conducted in the field. For each interview, the investigators indicated (a) how well they established rapport with the subject, (b) how much resistance they encountered, (c) how well they maintained their own focus and composure, and (d) the overall utility of evidence obtained. Readiband-generated estimates of daily fatigue were used to predict daily interview outcomes.

Results
First, when judging alibis’ credibility, officer’s alertness was a strong predictor of lie-detection performance. Specifically, officers who were better at detecting deception across alibi statements were more objectively alert, indicated by faster reaction times (r = .52) and fewer attentional lapses (r = -.67). This better detection performance was largely accounted by stronger skepticism of actual lies. Second, Investigators from the field-interviewing study consistently reported more difficulties maintaining their focus and composure during interviews on days with lower alertness, as well as indicated more subject resistance and less rapport.

Conclusion
The findings suggest fatigue among criminal investigators (and underlying sleep disruption) is an important factor for how actual law-enforcement field interviews unfold. The findings implicate adequate sleep as a modifiable fitness factor for criminal investigators.

Support (if any)
Federal Bureau of Investigation Contract #15F06718C000253
0172 Canadian varsity athletes’ sleep and mental health: preliminary analyses
Authors: Duval Félix Gabriel , Imbeault Pascal , Bourgon Vincent , Forest Geneviève 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Because of their double reality of university student and athlete, varsity athletes are particularly at risk of having sleep difficulties, but also depression and anxiety symptoms. To this day, there is almost no data available characterizing the sleep of Canadian varsity student-athletes, while these athletes must often combine their studies and sports practice with a job to support themselves. As part of a larger study, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sleep and well-being in young Canadian varsity athletes at the beginning of their sports season.

Methods
A team of 16 Canadian varsity basketball players that will undergo a sleep management program completed a modified version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Index Quality (PSQI), the insomnia severity index (ISI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) before the intervention at the start of the season. The relationships between scores on each well-being questionnaire and scores on the sleep questionnaires were investigated using Pearson product moment correlations.

Results
Total GAD-7 scores were significantly associated with PSQI scores (r=.666, p=.005) and ISI scores (r=.755, p&lt;.001). Total PHQ-9 scores were significantly associated with PSQI scores (r=.844, p&lt;.001) and ISI scores (r=.855, p&lt;.001). Total ABQ scores were significantly associated with PSQI scores (r=.592, p=.016). There was no other significant correlation found.

Conclusion
These preliminary results suggest that sleep disturbances, such as insomnia symptoms and poor sleep quality are closely associated with anxiety, depression, and athlete burnout symptoms in varsity athletes. Future analyses of this study will allow us to verify whether participation in a program aimed at improving sleep can have an impact on their mental health, as well as on other aspects related to the practice of their sport.

Support (if any)