bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Needs Among Asian and Asian American Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McGarity-Palmer Rebecca , Saw Anne , Sun Mengxue , Huynh Michael Pham , Takeuchi David 
Published: March 2023

Objective: Disaggregated data on the mental health of Asian/Asian American people are needed to inform public health interventions related to reports of racism during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe the prevalence of psychological distress and unmet mental health needs among Asian/Asian American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic across various sociodemographic subgroups. Methods: We used cross-sectional, weighted data from the US-based 2021 Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander COVID-19 Needs Assessment Study (unweighted n = 3508) to estimate prevalence rates of psychological distress and unmet mental health needs, overall and by nativity status. We conducted population-weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine sociodemographic factors associated with these mental health outcomes. Results: About one-third (1419 of 3508) of Asian/Asian American adults (32.9%; 95% CI, 30.6%-35.2%) reported psychological distress; odds of psychological distress were increased among adults who were female, trans, and nonbinary; aged 18-44 years; US-born; Cambodian; multiracial; and low income. Of those reporting psychological distress (638 of 1419), 41.8% (95% CI, 37.8%-45.8%) reported unmet mental health needs; unmet mental health needs were highest among Asian/Asian American adults who were aged 18-24 years; Korean, Japanese, and Cambodian; US-born female; non–US-born young adults; and non–US-born with ≥bachelor’s degree. Conclusions: The mental health of Asian/Asian American people is an important public health concern, with some groups more vulnerable and in need of services than others. Mental health resources need to be designed for vulnerable subgroups, and cultural and systemic barriers to mental health care need to be addressed.
Application of a flexible visitation system in critically ill patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yang Hu-yong , Feng Fang , Yang Wei-wei , Chen Yu 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To determine the feasibility of a flexible visitation system in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A randomized, open-label, parallel group clinical trial was conducted. All patients admitted to the ICU of the Lanzhou University Second Hospital from April to June 2022 were enrolled. The enrolled patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group according to a computer-generated random sequence table. Results: A total of 410 patients were admitted. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 140 patients were included in the experimental group (flexible visitation group) and 140 in the control group (normal visitation group). The average number of visitation minutes per day between the experimental group and the control group was 24.7 versus 23.9 min ( p > 0.05).Among the outcome indicators, delirium occurred in 8 (5.7%) patients in the intervention group and in 24 (17.1%) patients in the control group ( p = 0.003). Five complaints (mainly pressure ulcers) were received, with one in the experimental group and the others in the control group. There were 28 cases of nosocomial infection in the experimental group and 29 cases in the control group; therefore, the incidence of nosocomial infection was 20% versus 20.7% ( p = 0.882). A total of 280 questionnaires were collected, with a retrieval rate of 100%. The satisfaction of patients in the experimental group and the control group was 98.6% and 92.1%, respectively ( p = 0.011). The flexible visiting system reduced the ICU length of stay (LOS). The ICU LOS of the experimental group was 6 versus 8 days for the control group ( p = 0.041). However, the flexible visiting system did not reduce the hospital stay (17 vs. 19 days, p = 0.923). Conclusion: Conducting a flexible visitation system in ICUs could reduce the incidence of delirium in critically ill patients and improve the quality of nursing care; furthermore, the rate of nosocomial infections was not increased. These findings need to be further verified by a multicentre, large-scale clinical trial.
Neuromuscular retraining therapy for early stage severe Bell's palsy patients minimizes facial synkinesis
Authors: Kim Dae Rock , Kim Jin Han , Jung Su Hyeon , Won Yong Joo , Seo Soo Myeong , Park Ji Seong , Kim Woo Shik , Kim Gi-Cheol , Kim Jin 
Published: March 2023

Objective To explore whether early physical interventions, including neuromuscular retraining therapy, can minimize excessive movement or any unwanted co-contraction after a severe Bell's palsy. Data sources From March 2021 to August 2022, the therapist treated Bell's palsy patients for the acute (<3 months, Group A), subacute (3–6 months, Group B) and chronic (> 6 months, Group C) stages of the condition. Methods We explored whether early physical interventions, including neuromuscular retraining therapy, can minimize facial synkinesis after a severe episode of Bell's palsy. Each patient was informed about the potential for synkinesis and the therapist explained that the main purpose of neuromuscular retraining therapy is to learn new patterns to minimize synkinesis. The facial function of Group A was compared to that of Groups B and C using the ‘Synkinesis’ scale of the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System. Results The final facial function score after neuromuscular retraining therapy was significantly associated with both the initial electroneuronographic degeneration rate and initial facial function. Early therapy did not prevent synkinetic movement in 84.7% of the patients. But, there was a significant difference between patients who started early neuromuscular retraining therapy and other groups in final facial function. Conclusion Synkinesis in Bell's palsy patients can be minimized if physiotherapy commences before synkinesis develops; appropriate neuromuscular retraining therapy timing is essential. A patient with sudden severe Bell's palsy should receive oral steroids as soon as possible, along with physical therapy (including neuromuscular retraining therapy) within 3 months, to minimize synkinesis just before synkinesis onset.
Diagnosis, knowledge, perception, and productivity impact of headache education and clinical evaluation program in the workplace at an information technology company of more than 70,000 employees
Authors: Sakai Fumihiko , Igarashi Hisaka , Yokoyama Masako , Begasse de Dhaem Olivia , Kato Hirohisa , Azuma Yasuhiro , Koh Rachel , Phillips Heather , Singh Nim , Craven Audrey , Dodick David W , Miyake Hitoshi 
Published: March 2023

Background Migraine is a highly prevalent, disabling, misunderstood, underdiagnosed, and undertreated neurological disease. It is a leading cause of productivity loss in the workplace. Methods This is the first large-scale company-wide headache education and evaluation program in the workplace. Results 73,432 (90.5%) Fujitsu employees participated. The prevalence of migraine was 16.7%, tension-type headache 40.7%, and cluster headache 0.5%. After completing the training, 82.9% of participants without headache said they would change their attitude towards colleagues with headache disorders and 72.5% of total participants said their understanding of headache changed. The proportion of employees who thought that headache had a significant impact on people’s lives increased from 46.8% to 70.6%; 2971 (4.1%) of all participants were interested in a virtual consultation with a headache specialist as part of the program, more than half of whom had not previously consulted for headache. Approximately 14.7 days per year of full productivity per employee with headache were gained resulting in an annual productivity saving per employee of US$4531. Conclusion This unique headache workplace program was associated with a high level of participation, an improvement in the understanding of migraine and attitude towards colleagues with migraine, reduction in disability and increased employee productivity, and decreased costs of lost productivity due to migraine. Workplace programs for migraine should be considered for all industry sectors.
Effects of interlayer forms on the resistance welding performance of PAEK/CF thermoplastic composite laminates
Authors: Marti Ismail Baha , Kaynak Cevdet 
Published: March 2023

The main purpose of this study is to investigate usability of resistance welding joining method for poly (aryletherketone) (PAEK) thermoplastic matrix/carbon fiber (CF) reinforced composite laminates (PAEK/CF). For this purpose, effects of six different Interlayer Forms having different stainless steel meshes as Heating Elements and different woven glass fiber forms as Insulating Layers were studied. After determining welding parameters for each specimen group, performance of the resistance welding operations was compared by ultrasonic inspection, microscopic examination, DSC analyses, and by three different interlaminar mechanical tests. Analyses and tests generally revealed that use of stainless steel meshes as Heating Elements could supply proper amperage level for the heating, melting and crystallization stages of the PAEK matrix during welding consolidation. Depending on the lay-up configuration of Interlayer Forms, “amperage levels” determined for the heating, melting dwell and crystallization dwell were in the ranges of 46–100 A, 40–90 A and 25–50 A, respectively, It was also observed that in order to prevent Current Leakage problem to the other layers in the composite laminate, rather thicker and heavier woven glass fiber forms as Insulating Layers should be used. Otherwise, not only voids could form in the thermoplastic matrix, but also delamination might occur in the upper or lower PAEK/CF composite laminates being welded. When thicker and heavier insulating layer was used; interlaminar mechanical properties of Single Lap Shear Strength, Fracture Toughness under Mode-I and Mode-II were determined as high as 36.77 MPa, 3.76 kJ/m2 and 4.71 kJ/m2, respectively.
Three-dimensional Anthropometric Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Nasal Deformity
Authors: Harrison Lucas M. , Cole Naomi A. , Derderian Christopher A. , Hallac Rami R. 
Published: March 2023

Objective This study used three-dimensional measurements to provide a nasolabial analysis of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), and controls across different races and ethnicities. Design A retrospective comparative study. Setting Tertiary care pediatric institution. Patients, Participants The study included 90 patients with UCLP, 43 patients with BCLP, and 90 matched controls. Patients are separated as self-identified Caucasian, Hispanic, or African American. Main Outcome Measure(s) Nasal length, nasal protrusion, columellar height, columellar width, tip width, alar width, alar base width, nasolabial angle, upper lip length, philtrum length, nostril height, and nostril width. Results All UCLP groups had significantly greater columella and tip widths and decreased nasolabial angles than controls. All BCLP groups had significantly greater columella width, tip width, nasolabial angle, and nostril widths. Upper lip length, philtrum length, and nostril height were significantly decreased in BCLP compared to controls. Across UCLP groups, African Americans had significantly decreased nasal protrusion and columella height and a significantly increased columella width compared to Caucasians and Hispanics. Alar and alar base widths were significantly different between all groups. Across BCLP groups, the Caucasian nostril width was significantly less than the African Americans. Conclusions These findings suggest that when correcting nasolabial characteristics in patients with cleft lip, it is important to consider racial and ethnic differences to achieve a normal appearance. Specifically, goals for alar width, alar base width, nasal tip, and projection should be tailored to the patient's race and ethnicity.
Stress Management Interventions Among U.S. High School Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ng Teresa J. , Ling Jiying , Robbins Lorraine B. , Kao Tsui-sui A. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Adolescent ineffective stress management has been associated with negative health outcomes, such as anxiety and depression. Comprehensively evaluating the effects of stress management interventions is needed. Aims: The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of stress management interventions on mental health outcomes (stress, anxiety, depression, and positive and negative affect) and perform moderation analysis to identify moderators of intervention effects on stress, anxiety, and depression among U.S. high school adolescents. Methods: Four databases (CINAHL, ERIC, PubMed, and PsycINFO) were searched. After literature screening, 24 articles describing 25 studies were retained. Hedge’s  g was calculated using random-effects models. Exploratory moderation analyses were performed to identify moderators. Results: The pooled effects on reducing stress were −0.36. The interventions had small effects on decreasing anxiety ( g = −0.31) and depression ( g = −0.23). Long-term follow-up effects were −0.77 on perceived stress, −0.08 on anxiety, and −0.19 on depression. Mind-body and cognitive-behavioral interventions had moderate effects on reducing anxiety ( g = −0.51). Interventions with longer duration (>8 weeks) were more effective in reducing anxiety (−0.39 vs. −0.26) and depression (−0.36 vs. −0.17). Conclusions: These findings support the short-term effectiveness of stress management interventions in improving mental health among high school adolescents in the United States. Subsequent research efforts should focus on sustaining long-term effects.
Utilization of Insecticide-Treated Nets in Households for Under-5 Children and Associated Factors in East Mesekan District, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Welyou , Tolcha Alemu , Soboksa Negasa Eshete , Negassa Belay , Kanno Girum Gebremeskel , Aregu Mekonnen Birhanie 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are widely used tools that have been proven effective in preventing and controlling malaria. However, usage varies among households and can greatly affect the benefits of ITNs. Thus, this study aimed to assess the household utilization of insecticide-treated nets and its associated factors for under-5 children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March-April 2020 in the East Mesekan district. A total of 591 households with under-5 children were chosen by using a systematic random sampling approach for the interviews. The data was collected using a pretested questionnaire. Epi-Data version 3.1 was used to enter data and SPSS version 21 for analysis. A P-value of .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, 58.2% (95% CI: [54.1%-62.2%]) of household participants used ITN for children under 5 years of age while sleeping the night before the survey. The study participants’ overall knowledge and practice of malaria prevention were 27.1% and 23.9%, respectively. Having a family size of less than 5 (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: [0.37-0.98]) and complaints of skin irritation (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI: [0.29-0.63]) significantly decreased ITN utilization. However, having 1 ITN (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: [1.15-4.02]) or 2 ITNs (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: [1.51-4.39]), as well as low (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI: [1.33-3.20]) and medium (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI: [1.11-3.02]) knowledge of ITN importance, increased ITN utilization significantly. Conclusions: The households’ use of ITNs for children under the age of 5 was inadequate. It was significantly associated with having a family size of less than 5, complaints of skin irritation, owning 1 or 2 ITNs, and having low and medium knowledge of its importance. It is recommended that continuous and progressive health awareness about the consistent use of ITN for malaria prevention in the study area be promoted.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Cysticercosis bovis in Bishoftu Municipal Abattoir, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Fesseha Haben , Asefa Isayas 
Published: March 2023

Background: Cysticercus bovis has zoonotic implications with economic losses from organ contamination and treatment costs. In developing countries such as Ethiopia, where hygienic standards are low and residents customarily eat raw or undercooked meat, the disease is prevalent. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2021 to June 2022 to determine the prevalence of Cysticercus bovis in cattle slaughtered at the Bishoftu municipal abattoir, in central Ethiopia. Study populations for the active abattoir survey were cattle presented to the abattoir for slaughtering and routine meat inspection conditions. The organ namely the tongue, masseter muscle, liver, and triceps muscle were inspected for the presence of C. bovis. Results: From a total of 330 cattle, 14 were found to be positive for C. bovis, with an overall prevalence of 4.24%. Based on the origin of the animals, the highest prevalence was recorded at Adama (7.27%), followed by Bishoftu (5.45%), Mojo (5.45%), Borana (3.63%), Dukem (3.63%), and Kaliti (0.00%). Similarly, out of 111 adults and 219 old-aged cattle slaughtered and examined at the abattoir, 4.5%, and 4.11% were positive for C. bovis, respectively. Among tested independent variables, sex, body condition score, age, and origin of animals had no relationships with the prevalence of C. bovis. From the detected organ, the tongue ranks first for the highest number of cysts, followed by the masseter muscle, liver, and triceps muscle, with total cysts of 6, 4, 3, and 1, respectively. Conclusion: C. bovis is a prevalent zoonotic parasite disease that causes carcass condemnation; an enhanced understanding of the health consequences of teniasis is required to protect the community.
Diaphragmatic Dynamics and Thickness Parameters Assessed by Ultrasonography Predict Extubation Success in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Laguado-Nieto Marlon Adrián , Roberto-Avilán Sandra Liliana , Naranjo-Junoy Francisco , Meléndez-Flórez Héctor Julio , Lozada-Martinez Ivan David , Domínguez-Alvarado Gonzalo Andrés , Campos-Castillo Víctor Alfonso , Ríos-Orozco Sergio Uriel , Narváez-Rojas Alexis Rafael 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION A frequent cause of weaning and extubation failure in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients is diaphragm muscle dysfunction. Ultrasound (US) evaluation of the diaphragm yields important data regarding its thickness (diaphragm thickening fraction [TFdi]) and its movement or excursion (diaphragmatic dynamics) that reveal the presence of diaphragmatic dysfunction. METHODS Cross-sectional study, which included patients older than 18 years with invasive mechanical ventilation with an expected duration of more than 48 h, in a tertiary referral center in Colombia. The excursion of the diaphragm, inspiratory and expiratory thickness, and TFdi were evaluated by US. Prevalence and use of medications were evaluated, and the association with failure in ventilatory weaning and extubation was analyzed. RESULTS Sixty-one patients were included. The median age and APACHE IV score were 62.42 years and 78.23, respectively. The prevalence of diaphragmatic dysfunction (assessed by excursion and TFdi) was 40.98%. The sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for TFdi < 20% was 86%, 24%, 75%, and 40%, respectively, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.6. The ultrasonographic analysis of excursion of the diaphragm, inspiratory and expiratory thickness, and TFdi (>20%) allow in its set and with normal values, predict success or failure for the extubation with an area under the ROC curve of 0.87. CONCLUSION Diaphragmatic dynamics and thickness parameters together assessed by ultrasonography could predict the success of extubation in critically ill patients in Colombia, based on the finding of diaphragmatic dysfunction.
The efficacy and safety of additional treatment with short-acting muscarinic antagonist combined with long-acting beta-2 agonist in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tanimura Kazuya , Sato Susumu , Fujita Yukio , Yamamoto Yoshifumi , Hajiro Takashi , Horita Nobuyuki , Kawayama Tomotaka , Muro Shigeo 
Published: March 2023

Background The rationale for additional treatment with short-acting bronchodilators combined with long-acting bronchodilators for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not adequately studied. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA) therapy combined with a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) in patients with stable COPD. Pulmonary function, dyspnea, health-related quality of life, exercise tolerance, physical activity, exacerbations of COPD, and adverse events during regular use were set as outcomes of interest. Results We included five controlled trials including two sets of publicly available online data without article publications for the meta-analysis. Additional use of SAMA plus LABA showed a significant improvement in the peak response in FEV1 (mean difference (MD) 98.70 mL, p < .00001), transitional dyspnea index score (MD .85, p = .02), and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire score (MD -2.00, p = .008) compared to LABA treatment. There was no significant difference in the risk of exacerbation of COPD ( p = .20) and only a slight trend of increased severe adverse events (OR: 2.16, p = .08) and cardiovascular events (OR: 2.38, p = .06). Conclusion Additional treatment with SAMA combined with LABA could be a feasible choice due to its efficacy and safety.
Diversity among endovascular neurointerventionalists in Canada results of a national survey 2022
Authors: Itsekzon-Hayosh Ze’ev , Agid Ronit 
Published: March 2023

Aim Neurointervention (NIR) is a relatively new developing filed of medicine. Diversity and inclusion in various medical fields has made a significant progress. However, many surgical and interventional fields are still lagging in this respect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of diversity and inclusion amongst neurointerventionalists in Canada. Materials and methods A survey was completed in June 2022 by each neurointerventional division in Canada. The survey included questions regarding demographics, inclusivity, diversity, social and personal parameters. The collected data was analysed using semi-quantitative analysis. Results As of 2022, 85 physicians were actively practicing NIR in Canada. 52% were neuroradiologists, 38% neurosurgeons and 9% neurologists. 41% were immigrants to Canada (from 19 countries), for 35% English or French were not first language, 35% were visible minority. Women comprised only 21% of the practitioners, with comparable proportion of women in leadership positions. Most practitioners were in the 30–49 age group. 2.4% practitioners identified as LGBTQ. There was no gender difference in terms of life to work balance, with majority of practitioners being engaged in long term relationships and having children. Conclusions Our study shows encouraging results in terms of diversity and inclusion amongst Canadian neurointerventionalists regarding the representation of various specialty backgrounds, immigrants, and visible minorities. NIR centers are distributed according to population density and better coverage is needed in smaller communities and remote/isolated areas. Both women and men Canadian neurointerventionalists seem to have a favourable life-work balance. Gaps still exist regarding inclusion of first nations and women which are under-represented among Canadian Neurointerventionalists. Women however are proportionally serving in leadership positions.