bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Downscaling of Seasonal Forecasts of Sea Level Anomalies for U.S. Coasts
Authors: Long Xiaoyu , Shin Sang‐Ik , Newman Matthew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIncreasing coastal inundation risk in a warming climate will require accurate and reliable seasonal forecasts of sea level anomalies at fine spatial scales. In this study, we explore statistical downscaling of monthly hindcasts from six current seasonal prediction systems to provide a high‐resolution prediction of sea level anomalies along the North American coast, including at several tide gauge stations. This involves applying a seasonally invariant downscaling operator, constructing by linearly regressing high‐resolution (1/12°) ocean reanalysis data against its coarse‐grained (1°) counterpart, to each hindcast ensemble member for the period 1982–2011. The resulting high‐resolution coastal hindcasts have significantly more deterministic skill than the original hindcasts interpolated onto the high‐resolution grid. Most of this improvement occurs during summer and fall, without impacting the seasonality of skill noted in previous studies. Analysis of the downscaling operator reveals that it boosts skill by amplifying the most predictable patterns while damping the less predictable patterns.
Enhanced Ion Escape Rate During IMF Rotation Under Weak Intrinsic Magnetic Field Conditions on a Mars‐Like Planet
Authors: Sakai Shotaro , Seki Kanako , Terada Naoki , Shinagawa Hiroyuki , Sakata Ryoya , Tanaka Takashi , Ebihara Yusuke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe rotation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) provides details of the escape mechanism that varies with the interaction between the intrinsic magnetic field and the IMF. A multispecies magnetohydrodynamic simulation is conducted on a Mars‐like planet under the conditions of a weak intrinsic magnetic field and the IMF rotating by 180° over 12 hr, which is comparable to the coronal mass ejection (CME) time scale. The total ion escape rate increases from ∼5 × 1023 s−1 to ∼3 × 1025 s−1 during the IMF rotation from due north (parallel to the assumed intrinsic magnetic field) to due south (antiparallel to the assumed intrinsic magnetic field). The escape rate increases significantly with the IMF rotating from due north to clock angles of 45°–75°, followed by a gentle increase until the IMF rotates to due south. The trigger for the large increase is multiple reconnections in the magnetospheric flank region, and the subsequent increase is due to the expansion of the reconnection area into the equatorial region. The IMF mass loading in the ionosphere is also responsible for the gentle increase with IMF clock angles above 90° in addition to the flank reconnection. The IMF rotation is a general feature for a CME. Exoplanets orbiting in the vicinity of M‐dwarfs might be frequently affected by IMF rotation, as they could be exposed to severe stellar winds such as in CME environments, and the current study could be helpful for future planned observations of the exoplanetary environment.
Subinertial Sea Surface Heights Anomalies Estimated Using High Frequency Radar Surface Current Data in the Mississippi Bight
Authors: Nwankwo Uchenna , Howden Stephan , Nechaev Dmitri , Dzwonkowski Brian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSea level studies in the Mississippi Bight (MSB) are less abundant than in other coastal waters of USA. This study investigates the subinertial (time scales >2 days) sea level anomalies in the MSB shelf. The diagnostics of the terms in the invariant form of the momentum equation were computed to determine which terms have the most influence on the anomalies in sea level. It was determined that at subinertial scales the geostrophic balance is the dominant balance in the MSB while the non‐linear and time derivative terms are insignificant relative to the Coriolis term. A Least Squares procedure was applied to the subinertial surface currents data from high frequency radar surface currents (filtered with a window of 2‐day Butterworth filter) to extract subinertial sea level anomalies in the MSB shelf using both geostrophic balance and the invariant form of Reynolds' averaged momentum equations. The resulting subinertial sea level anomalies were validated using sea level observations from an offshore buoy and Sentinel‐3 along‐track satellite altimeter data. The estimated sea level anomalies were reasonably close to observations (more than half had root mean square difference of <0.04 m) and mostly influenced by geostrophic balance. Analysis of the empirical orthogonal functions showed that the first two modes explained the majority (85%) of the variance in the sea level anomalies estimated using the geostrophic approximation. Absolute sea level could be estimated if Global Navigation Satellite System buoys are deployed in the radar footprint.
Global Radiative Flux Profile Data Set: Revised and Extended
Authors: Zhang Yuanchong , Rossow William B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe third generation of the radiative flux profile data product, called ISCCP‐FH, is described. The revisions over the previous generation (called ISCCP‐FD) include improvements in the radiative model representation of gaseous and aerosol effects, as well as a refined statistical model of cloud vertical layer variations with cloud types, and increased spatial resolution. The new product benefits from the changes in the new H‐version of the ISCCP cloud products (called ISCCP‐H): higher spatial resolution, revised radiance calibration and treatment of ice clouds, treatment of aerosol effects, and revision of all the ancillary atmosphere and surface property products. The ISCCP‐FH product is evaluated against more direct measurements from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System and the Baseline Surface Radiation Network products, showing some small, overall reductions in average flux uncertainties; but the main results are similar to ISCCP‐FD: the ISCCP‐FH uncertainties remain ≲10 Wm−2 at the top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) and ≲15 Wm−2 at surface for monthly, regional averages. The long‐term variations of TOA, surface and in‐atmosphere net fluxes are documented and the possible transient cloud feedback implications of a long‐term change of clouds are investigated. The cloud and flux variations from 1998 to 2012 suggest a positive cloud‐radiative feedback on the oceanic circulation and a negative feedback on the atmospheric circulation. This example demonstrates that the ISCCP‐FH product can provide useful diagnostic information about weather‐to‐interannual scale variations of radiation induced by changes in cloudiness as well as atmospheric and surface properties.
Upscaling Tracer‐Aided Ecohydrological Modeling to Larger Catchments: Implications for Process Representation and Heterogeneity in Landscape Organization
Authors: Yang Xiaoqiang , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Müller Christin , Knöller Kay , Borchardt Dietrich , Soulsby Chris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStable isotopes of water are ideal tracers to integrate into process‐based models, advancing ecohydrological understanding. Current tracer‐aided ecohydrological modeling is mostly conducted in relatively small‐scale catchments, due to limited tracer data availability and often highly damped stream isotope signals in larger catchments (>100 km2). Recent model developments have prioritized better spatial representation, offering new potential for advancing upscaling in tracer‐aided modeling. Here, we adapted the fully distributed EcH2O‐iso model to the Selke catchment (456 km2, Germany), incorporating monthly sampled isotopes from seven sites between 2012 and 2017. Parameter sensitivity analysis indicated that the information content of isotope data was generally complementary to discharge and more sensitive to runoff partitioning, soil water and energy dynamics. Multi‐criteria calibrations revealed that inclusion of isotopes could significantly improve discharge performance during validations and isotope simulations, resulting in more reasonable estimates of the seasonality of stream water ages. However, capturing isotopic signals of highly non‐linear near‐surface processes remained challenging for the upscaled model, but still allowed for plausible simulation of water ages reflecting non‐stationarity in transport and mixing. The detailed modeling also helped unravel spatio‐temporally varying patterns of water storage‐flux‐age interactions and their interplay under severe drought conditions. Embracing the upscaling challenges, this study demonstrated that even coarsely sampled isotope data can be of value in aiding ecohydrological modeling and consequent process representation in larger catchments. The derived innovative insights into ecohydrological functioning at scales commensurate with management decision making, are of particular importance for guiding science‐based measures for tackling environmental changes.
A spiral microfluidic device for rapid sorting, trapping, and long-term live imaging of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos
Authors: Pan Peng , Qin Zhen , Sun William , Zhou Yuxiao , Wang Shaojia , Song Pengfei , Wang Yong , Ru Changhai , Wang Xin , Calarco John , Liu Xinyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans embryos have been widely used to study cellular processes and developmental regulation at early stages. However, most existing microfluidic devices focus on the studies of larval or adult worms rather than embryos. To accurately study the real-time dynamics of embryonic development under different conditions, many technical barriers must be overcome; these can include single-embryo sorting and immobilization, precise control of the experimental environment, and long-term live imaging of embryos. This paper reports a spiral microfluidic device for effective sorting, trapping, and long-term live imaging of single C. elegans embryos under precisely controlled experimental conditions. The device successfully sorts embryos from a mixed population of C. elegans at different developmental stages via Dean vortices generated inside a spiral microchannel and traps the sorted embryos at single-cell resolution through hydrodynamic traps on the sidewall of the spiral channel for long-term imaging. Through the well-controlled microenvironment inside the microfluidic device, the response of the trapped C. elegans embryos to mechanical and chemical stimulation can be quantitatively measured. The experimental results show that a gentle hydrodynamic force would induce faster growth of embryos, and embryos developmentally arrested in the high-salinity solution could be rescued by the M9 buffer. The microfluidic device provides new avenues for easy, rapid, high-content screening of C. elegans embryos.
Multi-coefficient eigenmode operation—breaking through 10°/h open-loop bias instability in wideband aluminum nitride piezoelectric BAW gyroscopes
Authors: Liu Zhenming , Wen Haoran , Ayazi Farrokh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a modification to the eigenmode operation of resonant gyroscopes is introduced. The multi-coefficient eigenmode operation can improve cross-mode isolation due to electrode misalignments and imperfections, which is one of the causes of residual quadrature errors in conventional eigenmode operations. A 1400 µm annulus aluminum nitride (AlN) on a silicon bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator with gyroscopic in-plane bending modes at 2.98 MHz achieves a nearly 60 dB cross-mode isolation when operated as a gyroscope using a multi-coefficient eigenmode architecture. The as-born frequency mismatches in multiple devices are compensated by physical laser trimming. The demonstrated AlN piezoelectric BAW gyroscope shows a large open-loop bandwidth of 150 Hz and a high scale factor of 9.5 nA/°/s on a test board with a vacuum chamber. The measured angle random walk is 0.145°/√h, and the bias instability is 8.6°/h, showing significant improvement compared to the previous eigenmode AlN BAW gyroscope. The results from this paper prove that with multi-coefficient eigenmode operations, piezoelectric AlN BAW gyroscopes can achieve a noise performance comparable to that of their capacitive counterpart while having the unique advantage of a large open-loop bandwidth and not requiring large DC polarization voltages.
Functional connectivity signatures of major depressive disorder: machine learning analysis of two multicenter neuroimaging studies
Authors: Gallo Selene , El-Gazzar Ahmed , Zhutovsky Paul , Thomas Rajat M. , Javaheripour Nooshin , Li Meng , Bartova Lucie , Bathula Deepti , Dannlowski Udo , Davey Christopher , Frodl Thomas , Gotlib Ian , Grimm Simone , Grotegerd Dominik , Hahn Tim , Hamilton Paul J. , Harrison Ben J. , Jansen Andreas , Kircher Tilo , Meyer Bernhard , Nenadić Igor , Olbrich Sebastian , Paul Elisabeth , Pezawas Lukas , Sacchet Matthew D. , Sämann Philipp , Wagner Gerd , Walter Henrik , Walter Martin ,   PsyMRI, van Wingen Guido 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe promise of machine learning has fueled the hope for developing diagnostic tools for psychiatry. Initial studies showed high accuracy for the identification of major depressive disorder (MDD) with resting-state connectivity, but progress has been hampered by the absence of large datasets. Here we used regular machine learning and advanced deep learning algorithms to differentiate patients with MDD from healthy controls and identify neurophysiological signatures of depression in two of the largest resting-state datasets for MDD. We obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the REST-meta-MDD (N = 2338) and PsyMRI (N = 1039) consortia. Classification of functional connectivity matrices was done using support vector machines (SVM) and graph convolutional neural networks (GCN), and performance was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation. Features were visualized using GCN-Explainer, an ablation study and univariate t-testing. The results showed a mean classification accuracy of 61% for MDD versus controls. Mean accuracy for classifying (non-)medicated subgroups was 62%. Sex classification accuracy was substantially better across datasets (73–81%). Visualization of the results showed that classifications were driven by stronger thalamic connections in both datasets, while nearly all other connections were weaker with small univariate effect sizes. These results suggest that whole brain resting-state connectivity is a reliable though poor biomarker for MDD, presumably due to disease heterogeneity as further supported by the higher accuracy for sex classification using the same methods. Deep learning revealed thalamic hyperconnectivity as a prominent neurophysiological signature of depression in both multicenter studies, which may guide the development of biomarkers in future studies.
GWAS-identified bipolar disorder risk allele in the FADS1/2 gene region links mood episodes and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in mutant mice
Authors: Yamamoto Hirona , Lee-Okada Hyeon-Cheol , Ikeda Masashi , Nakamura Takumi , Saito Takeo , Takata Atsushi , Yokomizo Takehiko , Iwata Nakao , Kato Tadafumi , Kasahara Takaoki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLarge-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on bipolar disorder (BD) have implicated the involvement of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) locus. These enzymes (FADS1 and FADS2) are involved in the metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are thought to potentially benefit patients with mood disorders. To model reductions in the activity of FADS1/2 affected by the susceptibility alleles, we generated mutant mice heterozygously lacking both Fads1/2 genes. We measured wheel-running activity over six months and observed bipolar swings in activity, including hyperactivity and hypoactivity. The hyperactivity episodes, in which activity was far above the norm, usually lasted half a day; mice manifested significantly shorter immobility times on the behavioral despair test performed during these episodes. The hypoactivity episodes, which lasted for several weeks, were accompanied by abnormal circadian rhythms and a marked decrease in wheel running, a spontaneous behavior associated with motivation and reward systems. We comprehensively examined lipid composition in the brain and found that levels of certain lipids were significantly altered between wild-type and the heterozygous mutant mice, but no changes were consistent with both sexes and either DHA or EPA was not altered. However, supplementation with DHA or a mixture of DHA and EPA prevented these episodic behavioral changes. Here we propose that heterozygous Fads1/2 knockout mice are a model of BD with robust constitutive, face, and predictive validity, as administration of the mood stabilizer lithium was also effective. This GWAS-based model helps to clarify how lipids and their metabolisms are involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of BD.
NSUN2 promotes osteosarcoma progression by enhancing the stability of FABP5 mRNA via m5C methylation
Authors: Yang Min , Wei Renxiong , Zhang Sheng , Hu Sang , Liang Xiaoxiao , Yang Zhiqiang , Zhang Chong , Zhang Yufeng , Cai Lin , Xie Yuanlong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification, which is mainly induced by the RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 (NOP2/Sun domain family, member 2), is an important chemical posttranscriptional modification in mRNA and has been proven to play important roles in the progression of many cancers. However, the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of NSUN2-mediated m5C in osteosarcoma (OS) remain unclear. In this study, we found NSUN2 was highly expressed in OS tissues and cells. We also discovered that higher expression of NSUN2 predicted poorer prognosis of OS patients. Our study showed that NSUN2 could promote the progression of OS cells. Moreover, we employed RNA sequencing, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and methylated RIP to screen and validate the candidate targets of NSUN2 and identified FABP5 as the target. We observed that NSUN2 stabilized FABP5 mRNA by inducing m5C modification and further promoted fatty acid metabolism in OS cells. Moreover, both knocking down the expression of FABP5 and adding fatty acid oxidation inhibitor could counterbalance the promoting effect of NSUN2 on the progression of OS. Our study confirms that NSUN2 can up-regulate the expression of FABP5 by improving the stability of FABP5 mRNA via m5C, so as to promote fatty acid metabolism in OS cells, and finally plays the role in promoting the progression of OS. Our findings suggest that NSUN2 is a promising prognostic marker for OS patients and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for OS treatment.
Glioblastoma upregulates SUMOylation of hnRNP A2/B1 to eliminate the tumor suppressor miR-204-3p, accelerating angiogenesis under hypoxia
Authors: Guo Qindong , Fan Yang , Wang Qingtong , Li Boyan , Qiu Wei , Qi Yanhua , Pan Ziwen , Zhang Shouji , Zhao Shulin , Yang Kehui , Xu Hao , Li Ming , Gao Zijie , Xu Jianye , Wang Huizhi , Wang Shaobo , Tang Qilin , Qiu Jiawei , Guo Xing , Deng Lin , Zhang Ping , Zhao Rongrong , Xue Hao , Wang Chengwei , Li Gang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is related to poor prognosis in glioma patients. Glioma cells could sort miRNA into exosomes to modify TME. And hypoxia played an important role in this sorting process, but the mechanism is not clear yet. Our study was to find miRNAs sorted into glioma exosomes and reveal the sorting process. Sequencing analysis of glioma patients cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and tissue showed that miR-204-3p tends to be sorted into exosomes. miR-204-3p suppressed glioma proliferation through the CACNA1C/MAPK pathway. hnRNP A2/B1 can accelerate exosome sorting of miR-204-3p by binding a specific sequence. Hypoxia plays an important role in exosome sorting of miR-204-3p. Hypoxia can upregulate miR-204-3p by upregulating the translation factor SOX9. Hypoxia promotes the transfer of hnRNP A2/B1 to the cytoplasm by upregulating SUMOylation of hnRNP A2/B1 to eliminate miR-204-3p. Exosomal miR-204-3p promoted tube formation of vascular endothelial cells through the ATXN1/STAT3 pathway. The SUMOylation inhibitor TAK-981 can inhibit the exosome-sorting process of miR-204-3p to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis. This study revealed that glioma cells can eliminate the suppressor miR-204-3p to accelerate angiogenesis under hypoxia by upregulating SUMOylation. The SUMOylation inhibitor TAK-981 could be a potential drug for glioma. This study revealed that glioma cells can eliminate the suppressor miR-204-3p to accelerate angiogenesis under hypoxia by upregulating SUMOylation. The SUMOylation inhibitor TAK-981 could be a potential drug for glioma.
MTSS1 curtails lung adenocarcinoma immune evasion by promoting AIP4-mediated PD-L1 monoubiquitination and lysosomal degradation
Authors: Wang Yuan , Jia Zhenchang , Liang Chenxi , He Yunfei , Cong Min , Wu Qiuyao , Tian Pu , He Dasa , Miao Xiang , Sun Beibei , Yin Yue , Peng Chao , Yao Feng , Fu Da , Liang Yajun , Zhang Peiyuan , Xiong Hua , Hu Guohong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has shown durable clinical benefits in lung cancer. However, many patients respond poorly to ICB treatment, underscoring an incomplete understanding of PD-L1 regulation and therapy resistance. Here, we find that MTSS1 is downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma, leading to PD-L1 upregulation, impairment of CD8+ lymphocyte function, and enhanced tumor progression. MTSS1 downregulation correlates with improved ICB efficacy in patients. Mechanistically, MTSS1 interacts with the E3 ligase AIP4 for PD-L1 monoubiquitination at Lysine 263, leading to PD-L1 endocytic sorting and lysosomal degradation. In addition, EGFR-KRAS signaling in lung adenocarcinoma suppresses MTSS1 and upregulates PD-L1. More importantly, combining AIP4-targeting via the clinical antidepressant drug clomipramine and ICB treatment improves therapy response and effectively suppresses the growth of ICB-resistant tumors in immunocompetent mice and humanized mice. Overall, our study discovers an MTSS1-AIP4 axis for PD-L1 monoubiquitination and reveals a potential combinatory therapy with antidepressants and ICB.
Slc11a1 gene polymorphism influences dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a murine model of acute inflammation
Authors: de Andrade Stephane Tereza Queiroz , Guidugli Tamíris Isabela , Borrego Andrea , Rodrigues Bridilla Luiza Colhado , Fernandes Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo , Guerra Juliana Mariotti , de Sousa Jean Gabriel , Starobinas Nancy , Jensen José Ricardo , Cabrera Wafa Hanna Koury , De Franco Marcelo , Ibañez Olga Martinez , Massa Solange , Ribeiro Orlando Garcia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUlcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease characterized by colonic mucosal lesions associated with an increased risk of carcinogenesis. UC pathogenesis involves environmental and genetic factors. Genetic studies have indicated the association of gene variants coding for the divalent metal ion transporter SLC11A1 protein (formerly NRAMP1) with UC susceptibility in several animal species. Two mouse lines were genetically selected for high (AIRmax) or low (AIRmin) acute inflammatory responses (AIR). AIRmax is susceptible, and AIRmin is resistant to DSS-induced colitis and colon carcinogenesis. Furthermore, AIRmin mice present polymorphism of the Slc11a1 gene. Here we investigated the possible modulating effect of the Slc11a1 R and S variants in DSS-induced colitis by using AIRmin mice homozygous for Slc11a1R (AIRminRR) or S (AIRminSS) alleles. We evaluated UC by the disease activity index (DAI), considering weight loss, diarrhea, blood in the anus or feces, cytokines, histopathology, and cell populations in the distal colon epithelium. AIRminSS mice have become susceptible to DSS effects, with higher DAI, IL6, G-CSF, and MCP-1 production and morphological and colon histopathological alterations than AIRminRR mice. The results point to a role of the Slc11a1 S allele in DSS colitis induction in the genetic background of AIRmin mice.